gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RGS4 Binds to Membranes through an Amphipathic α-Helix (2000)

RGS4, a mammalian GTPase-activating protein for G protein alpha subunits, requires its N-terminal 33 amino acids for plasma membrane localization and biological activity (Srinivasa, S. P., Bernstein, L. S., Blumer, K. J., and Linder, M. E. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 5584-5589). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the N-terminal domain mediates membrane binding by forming an amphipathic alpha-helix. RGS4 bound to liposomes containing anionic phospholipids in a manner dependent on the first 33 amino acids. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of a peptide corresponding to amino acids 1-31 of RGS4 revealed that the peptide adopted an alpha-helical conformation in the presence of anionic phospholipids. Point mutations that either neutralized positive charges on the hydrophilic face or substituted polar residues on the hydrophobic face of the model helix disrupted plasma membrane targeting and biological activity of RGS4 expressed in yeast. Recombinant mutant proteins were active as GTPase-activating proteins in solution but exhibited diminished binding to anionic liposomes. Peptides corresponding to mutants with the most pronounced phenotypes were also defective in forming an alpha-helix as measured by circular dichroism spectroscopy. These results support a model for direct interaction of RGS4 with membranes through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of an N-terminal alpha-helix.
Elevated temperature aluminum alloys for advanced fighter aircraft (1989)

Elevated temperature aluminum alloys are being developed for aircraft structural applications in the 300 F to 600 F temperature range. Material properties of various alloy systems and product forms display excellent room and elevated temperature strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. These materials are considered for applications in the aft fuselage of an Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF). Design trade studies were conducted for a center keel beam structure between the engine compartments. Results show potential weight and cost savings of 12.8 percent and 46.5 percent, respectively, for a structure fabricated from elevated temperature aluminum alloys as opposed to titanium alloys. Additional weight and cost savings can be achieved by using hot molded metal matrix composite (MMC) Al/SiCf beam caps.
A Comparison of Optimized Link State Routing with Traditional Routing Protocols in Marine Wireless Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (2007)

The performance of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) is related to the efficiency of the routing protocols in adapting to frequently changing network topology and link status. This paper addresses the issue by comparing the relative performance of three key ad-hoc routing protocols: destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV), ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and optimized link state routing (OLSR). The protocols are tested based on two scenarios, namely, tactical networks for ships and sensor-based network nodes. Four performance metrics were measured by varying the maximum speed of mobile hosts, network size and traffic load, to assess the routing capability and protocol efficiency. The simulation results indicate that AODV performs better than OSLR and DSDV in the first scenario. Although OLSR also performed relatively well, the associated high routing overhead is the dominant reason for not choosing it. On the other hand, OLSR emerged as the protocol of choice for sensor networks, where the high routing overhead is counteracted by consistently better performance in all other metrics. Due to the slow evolution of the sensor network topology, OLSR performed satisfactorily for best effort traffic but needed subtle adjustments to balance between latency and bandwidth to meet the requirements of delay-sensitive applications
On IoT Impact Of Supply Chain Visibility (2015)

Supply chain visibility (SCV) is much sought after in supply chain management, yet SCV remains an intangible topic with no tangible artifacts. The on-demand visibility view required of one decision maker, the seeing role, in a supply chain is quite different to any others – context specific, and managerial varied. Data available for the view must be collected and captured by the being seen role with on-target provenance. IoT technology becomes an integrative glue in supply chain integration fabrics, facilitating on-target design with manageable end-to-end visibility. In this paper, we propose a duality SCV framework to operationalize visibility. Contributions of the paper are firstly to bring current SCV discussions into focus to how IoT technology deployment can be formulated with on-target precision by the being seen, and secondly to extend to how on demand supply chain visibility to the seeing is enabled anywhere anytime.
A critical review of orientation microscopy in SEM and TEM (2011)

Abstract Orientation microscopy (OM) refers to techniques for reconstruction of microstructures based on the spatially resolved measurement of individual crystallographic phases and orientations. This review gives an overview on different techniques of OM in the scanning and transmission electron mi‐croscope. All rely on the automated evaluation of electron diffraction patterns. The most popular technique is based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the SEM. In the TEM several techniques are available which are based on either Kikuchi diffraction patterns, spot diffraction patterns with and without electron precession, or reconstructed spot diffraction patterns. Each technique is introduced in detail. Subsequently the techniques are critically compared with respect to their spatial and angular resolution, their robustness in terms of orientation determination and questions of practical applicability for materials science. One point discussed in detail is the spatial resolution. It is shown that the spatial resolution, i.e. the volume from which the diffraction information is generated, is not very different for the SEM and TEM techniques. For this and other reasons we argue that the EBSD technique is in many cases the best suited method for OM. In those cases where it is not (e.g. investigations on truly nanocrystal‐line materials, beam sensitive samples) it is the spot diffraction method combined with electron precession and template matching for orientation determination which offers the best resolution and robustness. The Kikuchi pattern technique in the TEM is only reasonably used when highest angular resolution is to be achieved, e.g. for lattice constant determination. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
[Comparative study on treatment of diabetic gastroparesis by acupuncture and Western medicine]. (2005)

Acupuncture can significantly relieve diabetic gastroparesis, the therapeutic effect being better than mosapride, with a less adverse effects.
OPTIMUM X-RAY YIELDS IN BETA-EXCITED X-RAY SOURCES (1958)

A conference version of AMRL-349. The experimental setup was so arranged that various thicknesses of target material could be studied with and without effect of backing materinal. The x raiations were detected by a NaI(Tl) crystal (1 1/2 in. diameter by 1 in. thick and having a 3 mil Al window to increase lowenergy counting effinciency) couplyed to a DuMont 6292 photomultinplier tube. The photomultiplier pulses were amplified and analyzed with a single-channel pulseheight analyzer. Optimum K x-ray yields were determined by placing various thicknesses of target foils between isotope (evaporated on Mylar films) and detector. Sn target foil thicknesses of about 55, 80, ad 80 mg/ cm/sup 2/ gave optimum K x-ray yields for Tl/sup 204/ (0.765 Mev), P/sup 32/ (1.701 Mev) and Sr/sup 90/ -Y/sup 90/(2.18 Mev) respectively, with no backing material. Ta target foil thicknesses of about 200 and 220 mg/cm/ sup 2/ gave optimum K x-ray yields for P/sup 32/ and Sr/sup 90/-Y/sup 90/, respectively. Optimum K x-ray yields found for Pb target foil thicknesses were 275 and 300 mg/cm/sup 2/ for P/sup 32/ and Sr/sup 90/-Y/sup 90/, respectively. In all cases, the optimum K x-ray yields were increased twofold by the addition of foil backingmore » material of same thickness as that providing optimum K x-ray yields. Increase of foil backing material to a thickness that absorbed all betas further increased optimum K x-ray yield by about 12 to 18%. The findings show definitely that proper source configuration can greatly increase the efficiency of beta-excited x-ray sources and thus their possible use in the energy region where no suitable gamma-emitting isotopes presently exist. Their stability, economy, portability, and independence of power requirements are added advantages of these sources. Moreover, by source fabrication to allow interchanging of target materials and B-emitting isotopes, x-ray sources capable of giving various relatively monoenergetic x-ray energies are possible, in contrast to fixed gamma energies emitted by presently available isotopes. (auth)« less
Sudden unexpected natural death-A case report (2012)

A 23 year old male, complained of chest pain and breathlessness on getting up from bed in the early morning at 4.00 AM. On arrival at the casualty of Sri Siddhartha Medical College Hospital, Tumkur, he was declared brought dead to the hospital by the casualty medical officer at 6.15 AM on 8/7/09. Autopsy was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, revealed no demonstrable changes in the myocardium except obstruction to the left coronary main trunk.
A New Israeli Tobamovirus Isolate Infects Tomato Plants Harboring Tm-22 Resistance Genes (2017)

An outbreak of a new disease infecting tomatoes occurred in October-November 2014 at the Ohad village in Southern Israel. Symptomatic plants showed a mosaic pattern on leaves accompanied occasionally by narrowing of leaves and yellow spotted fruit. The disease spread mechanically and rapidly reminiscent of tobamovirus infection. Epidemiological studies showed the spread of the disease in various growing areas, in the South and towards the Southeast and Northern parts of the country within a year. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed a single rod-like form characteristic to the Tobamovirus genus. We confirmed Koch's postulates for the disease followed by partial host range determination and revealed that tomato cultivars certified to harbor the Tm-22 resistance gene are susceptible to the new viral disease. We further characterized the viral source of the disease using a range of antisera for serological detection and analyzed various virus genera and families for cross-reactivity with the virus. In addition, next generation sequencing of total small RNA was performed on two cultivars grown in two different locations. In samples collected from commercial cultivars across Israel, we found a single virus that caused the disease. The complete genome sequence of the new Israeli tobamovirus showed high sequence identity to the Jordanian isolate of tomato brown rugose fruit virus.
Unusual reactivity of MoS<sub>2</sub>nanosheets (2016)

The reactivity of the 2D nanosheets of MoS2 with silver ions in solution, leading to their spontaneous morphological and chemical transformations, is reported. This unique reactivity of the nanoscale form of MoS2 was in stark contrast to its bulk counterpart. While the gradual morphological transformation involving several steps has been captured with an electron microscope, precise chemical identification of the species involved was achieved by electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The energetics of the system investigated supports the observed chemical transformation. The reaction with mercury and gold ions shows similar and dissimilar reaction products, respectively and points to the stability of the metal-sulphur bond in determining the chemical compositions of the final products.
Simultaneous effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein B, and cholesterol metabolism. (1988)

Human apolipoprotein (apo) E is polymorphic. We have investigated the effect of the apo-E polymorphism on quantitative plasma levels of apo E, apo B, and total cholesterol in a sample of 563 blood-bank donors from Marburg and Giessen, West Germany. The relative frequencies of the epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4 alleles are .063, .793, and .144, respectively. The average effects of the epsilon 2 allele are to raise apo-E levels by 0.95 mg/dl, lower apo B levels by 9.46 mg/dl, and lower total cholesterol levels by 14.2 mg/dl. The average effects of the epsilon 4 allele are to lower apo-E levels by 0.19 mg/dl, to raise apo-B levels by 4.92 mg/dl, and to raise total cholesterol levels by 7.09 mg/dl. The average effects of the epsilon 3 allele are near zero for all three phenotypes. The apo-E polymorphism accounts for 20% of the variability of plasma apo-E levels, 12% of the variability of plasma apo-B levels, and 4% of the variability of total plasma cholesterol levels. The inverse relationship between the genotype-specific average apo-E levels and both the genotype-specific average apo-B and cholesterol levels is offset by a positive relationship between apo-E levels and both apo-B and cholesterol levels within an apo-E genotype. The apo-E polymorphism also has a direct effect on the correlation between apo-E and total cholesterol levels. The implication of these results on multivariate genetic analyses of these phenotypes is discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Episodic Sedimentary Evolution of an Alluvial Fan (Huangshui Catchment, NE Tibetan Plateau) (2018)

Alluvial-fan successions record changes in hydrological processes and environments that may reflect tectonic activity, climate conditions and changes, intrinsic geomorphic changes, or combinations of these factors. Here, we focus on the evolution of a stream-dominated fan in a tectonic depression of the Xining basin of China, laid down under a semi-arid climate in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP). The fan succession is composed of three facies associations, from bottom to top: (1) matrix to clast-supported, poorly sorted, planar cross-stratified to crudely stratified sheets of coarse-grained sediments; (2) horizontal laminated sand, laminated layers of reddish fine silt and yellow coarse silt with stacked mounds of sand; and (3) clay-rich deposits with incipient paleosols. The succession shows rapid sediment aggradation from high-energy to low-energy alluvial fans and finally to a floodplain. The dating results using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method show that a gravelly, high-energy fan was deposited during MIS 6, after which a low-energy fan, mainly composed of sand and silt, was deposited and finally covered by flood loam during the MIS 6–5 transition and the warmer last interglacial. Stacked sand mounds are interpreted from their sediment structure and grain-size distribution as shrub-coppice dunes in low-energy fan deposits. They may be considered as a response to the interaction of alluvial and aeolian processes in a semi-arid environment.
IBM eNetwork Host On-Demand: The beginning of a new era for accessing host information in a Web environment (1998)

This paper describes software technology that makes it possible to run host applications seamlessly in a World Wide Web environment. Web technology has opened up the potential for unprecedented access of data and applications by all types of users. Yet, the incompatibility between host technology (e.g., 3270) and Web technology (e.g., HTTP) has prevented Web users from directly accessing hundreds of thousands of host applications. The cost for re-implementing these applications would be enormous, and the effect to ongoing business would be disruptive. Host On-Demand extends Web access to reach existing host applications directly by using Java™ technology and provides a number of powerful features including: emulation functions on demand, persistent connections, customized session windows, multiple sessions, platform flexibility, and host security. This paper summarizes these features, describes Java implementation techniques, and outlines the need for some new network computing services.
Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography at 80 kVp and Knowledge-Based Iterative Model Reconstruction Is Non-Inferior to that at 100 kVp with Iterative Reconstruction (2016)

The aims of this study were to compare the image noise and quality of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) at 80 kVp with knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) to those of CCTA at 100 kVp with hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR), and to evaluate the feasibility of a low-dose radiation protocol with IMR. Thirty subjects who underwent prospective electrocardiogram-gating CCTA at 80 kVp, 150 mAs, and IMR (Group A), and 30 subjects with 100 kVp, 150 mAs, and hybrid IR (Group B) were retrospectively enrolled after sample-size calculation. A BMI of less than 25 kg/m2 was required for inclusion. The attenuation value and image noise of CCTA were measured and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated at the proximal right coronary artery and left main coronary artery. The image noise was analyzed using a non-inferiority test. The CCTA images were qualitatively evaluated using a four-point scale. The radiation dose was significantly lower in Group A than Group B (0.69 ± 0.08 mSv vs. 1.39 ± 0.15 mSv, p < 0.001). The attenuation values were higher in Group A than Group B (p < 0.001). The SNR and CNR in Group A were higher than those of Group B. The image noise of Group A was non-inferior to that of Group B. Qualitative image quality of Group A was better than that of Group B (3.6 vs. 3.4, p = 0.017). CCTA at 80 kVp with IMR could reduce the radiation dose by about 50%, with non-inferior image noise and image quality than those of CCTA at 100 kVp with hybrid IR.
Deliberate self-poisoning in adolescents. (2002)

We found that self-poisoning attempts occur most frequently in depressed females at junior high and high school, usually in the context of family dysfunction. Non-medicinal agents and polydrug ingestion are major risk factors for evaluating the seriousness of the suicidal intent.
Lexical Closures for C (1988)

We describe an extension of the C++ programming language that allows the nesting of function definitions and provides lexical closures with dynamic lifetime. Our primary motivation for this extension is that it allows the programmer to define iterators for collection classes simply as member functions. Such iterators take function pointers or closures as arguments; providing lexical closures lets one express state (e.g. accumulators) naturally and easily. This technique is commonplace in programming languages like Scheme, T, or Smalltalk-80, and is probably the most concise and natural way to provide generic iteration constructs in object oriented programming languages. The ability to nest function definitions also encourages a modular programming style. We would like to extend the C++ language in this way without introducing new data types for closures and without affecting the efficiency of programs that do not use the feature. In order to achieve this, we propose that when a closure is created, a short segment of code is generated that loads the static chain pointer and jumps to the body of the function. A closure is a pointer to this short segment of code. This trick allows us to treat a closure the same way as a pointer to an ordinary C++ function that does not reference any non-local, non-global variables. We discuss issues of consistency with existing scoping rules, syntax, allocation strategies, portability, and efficiency. 1 What we would like to add... and why We would like to be able to nest function definitions in C++ programs. In this section, we will discuss a number of reasons why the ability to nest function definitions is desirable. Almost all other modern programming languages such as Scheme, T, Smalltalk-80, Common Lisp, Pascal, Modula-2, and Ada offer this feature. To illustrate the utility of this language feature, we have to agree on syntax. To indicate that a function is defined inside another function, we will simply move its definition inside that function but otherwise write it the same way we would at global level. For example, the following fragment of code defines function2(int) inside function1(int): function1(int x) { // ... function2(int y) { // ... } // ... } ∗Author’s address: MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Room 711, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author was supported by a fellowship from the Fairchild foundation.
Dehydration‐regulated processing of late embryogenesis abundant protein in a desiccation‐tolerant nematode (2005)

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins occur in desiccation-tolerant organisms, including the nematode Aphelenchus avenae, and are thought to protect other proteins from aggregation. Surprisingly, expression of the LEA protein AavLEA1 in A. avenae is partially discordant with that of its gene: protein is present in hydrated animals despite low cognate mRNA levels. Moreover, on desiccation, when its gene is upregulated, AavLEA1 is specifically cleaved to discrete, smaller polypeptides. A processing activity was found in protein extracts of dehydrated, but not hydrated, nematodes, and main cleavage sites were mapped to 11-mer repeated motifs in the AavLEA1 sequence. Processed polypeptides retain function as protein anti-aggregants and we hypothesise that the expression pattern and cleavage of LEA protein allow rapid, maximal availability of active molecules to the dehydrating animal.
Systematic Mapping of Genetic Interaction Networks (2008)

Genetic interactions influencing a phenotype of interest can be identified systematically using libraries of genetic tools that perturb biological systems in a defined manner. Systematic screens conducted in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified thousands of genetic interactions and provided insight into the global structure of biological networks. Techniques enabling systematic genetic interaction mapping have been extended to other single-celled organisms, the bacteria Escherichia coli and the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, opening the way to comparative investigations of interaction networks. Genetic interaction screens in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian models are helping to improve our understanding of metazoan-specific signaling pathways. Together, our emerging knowledge of the genetic wiring diagrams of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is providing a new understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype.
Email Categorization Using Multi-stage Classification Technique (2007)

This paper presents an innovative email categorization using a serialized multi-stage classification ensembles technique. Many approaches are used in practice for email categorization to control the menace of spam emails in different ways. Content-based email categorization employs filtering techniques using classification algorithms to learn to predict spam e-mails given a corpus of training e-mails. This process achieves a substantial performance with some amount of FP tradeoffs. It has been studied and investigated with different classification algorithms and found that the outputs of the classifiers vary from one classifier to another with same email corpora. In this paper we have proposed a multi-stage classification technique using different popular learning algorithms with an analyser which reduces the FP (false positive) problems substantially and increases classification accuracy compared to similar existing techniques.
PRESSURE SORES (1979)

Patient Education Coordinator Queen of the Valley Hospital Napa, California Photography by Cynthia F. Grupp Moulage by Major Nancy R. Elliott Chief Occupational Therapist and Chief of Disaster Makeup Team David Grant USAF Medical Center Travis Air Force Base, California Model: Terri A. Cameron