gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MW Class Power System Integration in Aircraft (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Integration of Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) into future aircraft presents significant challenges. Principally, the need for generating and managing copious amounts of power into the Megawatt class is foreseen. Probably, the most critical and challenging area for supporting a DEW system on an aircraft is the Megawatt Class Electric Power System (MCEPS) and its associated Thermal Management Systems (TMS). MCEPS converts the aircraft fuel’s chemical energy into useable power for the load or system and the TMS disposes of the waste energy, all within the extremely challenging constraints (volume, weight, EMI, etc.) For the purposes of our studies, the MCEPS consists of the following subsystems: Engine, Power Generation, Power Conditioning, Distribution, Control, and Protection. The TMS manages Component Heat Extraction, Thermal Energy Storage, and Waste Heat disposal. Using a systems engineering process of analyzing requirements, defining candidate architectures, optimizing and evaluating alternatives, and verifying the system solution ensures that the potential MCEPS design solutions are traceable back to requirements based on a specific application. The MCEPS requirements analysis process evaluates various aircraft missions to identify basic requirements such as power type, quantity, quality, duty cycles, and application constraints for proper integration. These basic MCEPS design parameters drive the design options and solutions. Potential candidate architectures for power generation include: Advance secondary batteries, fuel cells, APUs, engine driven generators (conventional/low duty cycle, &amp; super conducting), for power conditioning: Linear or active converters, for distribution, control, and protection: AC or DC, Low or High Voltage. TMS architecture candidates include; for component heat extraction: single phase, mixed phase, and two phase, and for waste heat disposal: open cycle and closed cycle. This paper discusses the pros and cons for these various approaches and the need to consider integration impacts in an application during the MCEPS design work.</div>
High fat food increases gastric residence and thus thresholds for objective symptoms in allergic patients (2012)

Chocolate bars induced lower gastric emptying rates and in food challenges with allergic patients gave a higher threshold of elicitation for objective reactions than a dessert.
Sensing Moisture Content in Dates by RF Impedance Measurements (1992)

The moisture contents of the flesh and pits of Deglet Noor dates, with flesh moisture contents ranging from 13 to 30%, wet basis, were determined by vacuum oven drying. Impedance measurements at frequencies of 1 and 5 MHz were made on a parallel-plate capacitor with individual whole dates and pitted dates held between the capacitor plates. Moisture content of the dates was related to the impedance measurements by a stepwise multiple regression technique. Linear single-variable models were developed that provide an instantaneous and nondestructive determination of moisture content with standard errors of about 1% moisture content. The technique is recommended for potential development and application in reducing the skilled labor requirements for manual sorting and grading of dates.
Use of mean platelet component to measure platelet activation on the ADVIA 120 haematology system (1999)

Platelet activation results in changes in a number of cell surface molecules including an increase in P-Selectin (CD62P) that may be rapidly and conveniently measured by immunofluorescent flow cytometry. The ADVIA 120 (Bayer) is a new system that facilitates more accurate measurement of platelet volume and in addition provides an approximate measure of the mean refractive index (RI) of the platelets reported as mean platelet component (MPC) concentration. We were interested to determine whether changes in MPC might reflect changes in platelet activation status. To investigate this, the platelet CD62P expression, determined by flow cytometry, and change in MPC, measured on the ADVIA 120 system, was first examined in vitro after stimulation of EDTA anticoagulated whole blood with submaximal concentrations of bovine thrombin in the presence or absence of the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, Ridogrel. Thrombin produced a dose-dependent increase in platelet CD62P expression and a decrease in MPC that could be inhibited by Ridogrel at physiological concentrations. In the second set of experiments, blood from 20 normal controls was collected into both EDTA and sodium citrate (SC) anticoagulants. Within 30 min of venesection and again at 3 h post-venesection after storage at room temperature, the platelet MPC and CD62P expression were determined. Platelets in all samples with both anticoagulants showed very low levels of CD62P expression when first analysed. At 3 h there was a small increase in CD62P expression on platelets in whole blood anticoagulated with SC, but a significant (P < 0.001) increase was observed on platelets anti-coagulated with EDTA. A negative correlation was found between the change in MPC of the platelets and the increase in the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (r = -0.69, P < 0.001, n = 20) and the percentage (r = -0.72, P < 0.001, n = 20) of CD62P positive platelets at 3 h in blood anticoagulated with EDTA. We conclude that a reduction in MPC as measured by the ADVIA 120 may be used to detect anticoagulant induced, as well as thrombin stimulated, in vitro platelet activation in blood anticoagulated with EDTA. Further, we conclude that platelet activation is negligible for up to 3 h in sodium citrate anticoagulated whole blood.
Metabolism of phosphatidylglycerol by alveolar macrophages in vitro (2000)

In whole animal studies, it has been shown that turnover of surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) is faster than that of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The goal of this investigation was to characterize the metabolism of DPPG by alveolar macrophages and to determine whether they contribute to the faster alveolar clearance of DPPG. Isolated rat alveolar macrophages were incubated with liposomes colabeled with [(3)H]DPPG and [(14)C]DPPC. Macrophages internalized both lipids in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. The uptake of both lipids was increased by surfactant protein (SP) A and by adherence of the macrophages to plastic slides. The isotope ratio of DPPC to DPPG internalized by macrophages in suspension in the absence of SP-A was significantly lower than the isotope ratio in liposomes, suggesting that macrophages preferentially internalize DPPG when SP-A is absent. Phospholipase activity in macrophage homogenate was higher toward sn-2-labeled DPPG than toward sn-2-labeled DPPC. These studies show that alveolar macrophages play an important role in catabolizing surfactant lipids and may be partially responsible for the relatively faster clearance of DPPG from the lung.
Design of a dynamic dual-foveated imaging system (2015)

A new kind of dynamic dual-foveated imaging system in the infrared band is designed and optimized in this paper. Dual-foveated imaging refers to the variation in spatial resolution at the two selected fields across the image. Such variable resolution imaging system is suitable for a variety of applications including monitoring, recognition, and remote operation of unmanned aerial vehicle. In this system, a transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) is used as an active optical element which is located near the image plane instead of pupil plane creatively in order to divide the two selected fields.
Enumeration of Markov chains and burst error statistics for finite state channel models (1999)

The analysis of a communication system operating over finite state channel (FSC) models includes the calculation of the probability of subsets of error sequences. These probabilities are known as burst error statistics. The study of the statistical description of the error process has immediate applications in the modeling of real channels and in the design of coding schemes for channels with memory. We present a method to derive analytic expressions for burst error statistics of FSC models with an arbitrary number of states. We follow the theory of enumeration of constrained sequences to obtain an expression for the generating series which enumerates all permissible error sequences that constitute the burst event of interest. We will show that the probability of this event is obtained by acting on the generating series with a linear mapping. Such an approach allows the derivation of various burst error statistics used in the design of a coded system for FSC models.
Texture formation in titanium nitride films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (1996)

The 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈211〉 textured TiN films were obtained in a chemical vapor deposition system using TiCl4, N2, and H2 as reaction gases. The microstructure of these textured films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the 〈211〉, 〈110〉, and 〈100〉 textured films consist of laminated twinned grains, multiply twinned grains, and nearly thermodynamic equilibrium grains respectively at the growing stage. The formation of these textures is discussed based on nucleation and growth mechanisms. At a lower deposition temperature with higher nitrogen concentration, the decahedral multiply twinned and laminated twinned crystals dominate over crystals with single crystalline structure. After competitive growth of these crystals, the multiply twinned crystals with 〈110〉 twin axis perpendicular to substrate surface survive. At an intermediate deposition temperature with lower nitrogen concentration, the laminated twinned crystals dominate the growth and the 〈211〉 orientation along the (111) twin planes possesses the fastest growth rate and form 〈211〉 textured films. At a higher deposition temperature above 1200 °C, the single crystalline structure dominates and forms 〈100〉 textured films. The effect of surface adsorption on texture formation is discussed.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase-associated RNase H Activity (1989)

Biochemical characteristics of the RNase H activity associated with immunoaffinity purified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) were examined. Glycerol gradient centrifugation of HIV RT resulted in a single peak of RNase H, associated with RT activity, with an apparent molecular weight of 110,000. HIV RNase H exhibited a marked substrate preference for poly(dC).[3H]poly(rG) compared to poly(dT).[3H]poly(rA). It did not hydrolyze single-stranded RNA or the DNA component of DNA.RNA hybrids. Products of the HIV RT-associated RNase H reaction consisted primarily of monomers, dimers, and trimers with 3' OH groups. This reaction was Mg2+ dependent, with greater than 90% of maximum activity at MgCl2 concentrations between 4 and 12 mM. The optimum KCl concentration for HIV RT catalyzed polymerization with a poly(rA).(dT)10 template. The optimum pH for HIV RNase H activity was between 8.0 and 8.5, in contrast to an optimum pH of 7.5 to 8.0 for HIV RT activity. The association of RNase H activity with the p66 component of HIV RT was demonstrated by activity gel analysis. These results indicate that HIV RT has an integral RNase H activity; however, some of its properties are different from those of RNase H associated with other retroviral RT's, and optimal assay conditions are different than those for HIV RT catalyzed DNA polymerization.
Therapeutic vascular occlusion utilizing steel coil technique: clinical applications (1976)

The stainless steel coil has been utilized for permanent intravascular occlusion of the proximal portion of the renal, hepatic, splenic, and internal iliac vessels. This therapeutic approach has been successful in the management of renal arteriovenous fistulas, renal carcinomas, neoplasms of the liver, giant cell tumors of the sacrum, and in hypersplenism. The techniques involved and clinical uses are discussed.
BOAR: a library of fragmented object types for distributed abstractions (2002)

Presents BOAR, a forest-structured library of predefined fragmented objects (FOs) encapsulating commonly used distributed abstractions. The authors identify three kinds of interaction FO types (channel, sharing, and synchronization), which can be beneficially included in BOAR. A channel FO type encapsulates a remote or group invocation protocol. A sharing FO type encapsulates a sharing mechanisms such as replication or partition. Finally, a synchronization FO type encapsulates a synchronization mechanism. A FO programmer picks-up from BOAR, the FO types implementing the mechanisms which fits best its needs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human plasma after the oral administration of kombu extract (2011)

Dietary fucoxanthin has been reported to exert several physiological functions, and fucoxanthinol is considered to be the primary active metabolite of fucoxanthin. However, there is no information about the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human subjects. In the present study, eighteen human volunteers were orally administered kombu extract containing 31 mg fucoxanthin, and their peripheral blood was collected 5 min before and 0·5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the treatment. Plasma fucoxanthinol concentrations were measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol were as follows: maximum concentration, 44·2 nmol/l; time at maximum concentration, 4 h; terminal half-time, 7·0 h; area under the curve (AUC) for 1-24 h, 578·7 nmol/l × h; AUC(∞), 663·7 nmol/l × h. In addition to fucoxanthinol, we also attempted to detect amarouciaxanthin A, a hepatic metabolite of fucoxanthinol, using HPLC, but it was not present in the volunteers' plasma. On the other hand, a peak that was suspected to represent the cis-isomer of fucoxanthinol was found in the HPLC chromatogram. By comparing the present results with those of a previous study using mice, we found that the bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthinol differ between human subjects and mice.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cancer-associated serum antigen (CASA) in distinguishing benign and malignant prostate disease. (1996)

The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and the Cancer-Associated Serum Antigen (CASA) assay for the MUC1 mucin were compared in the serum of 303 patients with malignant or benign prostatic disease. Using cutpoints of 4, 10, and 20 micrograms/l, PSA was elevated in 93%, 81%, and 64% of patients with prostate cancer (n = 113), with corresponding specificities of 55%, 84%, and 96% in benign prostate disease (prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis, n = 190). Using the recommended cutpoint of 4 Units/ml, CASA was elevated in 38% of patients with prostate cancer, with a specificity of 91% in benign disease. PSA and CASA showed a poor correlation in prostate cancer (r = 0.367) and benign disease (r = 0.158), and CASA was elevated in some PSA negative samples. Used together, PSA > or = 20 micrograms/l and CASA > or = 4 kU/l gave perfect specificity in benign disease, with a corresponding sensitivity of 29% (positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 70%, respectively). However, this combination gave no improvement over the use of PSA alone, with sensitivity 47% when the cutpoint was raised to give perfect specificity. These data suggest that CASA is of little use as an adjunct to PSA in the differentiation of benign and malignant prostate disease.
España: La Protección Jurídica de los Datos de Carácter Personal del Internauta (2003)

Participants from our sample saw a drop in their mental well-being throughout the first period of COVID-19 lockdown. Policymakers should be mindful of factors contributing to greater deterioration of mental well-being over time, such as having current psychiatric issues. Promoting collective actions and local support from neighbors may alleviate the deterioration of mental well-being over time.
Inhibition of Bim Enhances Replication of Varicella-Zoster Virus and Delays Plaque Formation in Virus-Infected Cells (2013)

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an important host defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses. Accordingly, viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to modulate apoptosis to enhance replication. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) induces apoptosis in human fibroblasts and melanoma cells. We found that VZV triggered the phosphorylation of the proapoptotic proteins Bim and BAD but had little or no effect on other Bcl-2 family members. Since phosphorylation of Bim and BAD reduces their proapoptotic activity, this may prevent or delay apoptosis in VZV-infected cells. Phosphorylation of Bim but not BAD in VZV-infected cells was dependent on activation of the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Cells knocked down for Bim showed delayed VZV plaque formation, resulting in longer survival of VZV-infected cells and increased replication of virus, compared with wild-type cells infected with virus. Conversely, overexpression of Bim resulted in earlier plaque formation, smaller plaques, reduced virus replication, and increased caspase 3 activity. Inhibition of caspase activity in VZV-infected cells overexpressing Bim restored levels of virus production similar to those seen with virus-infected wild-type cells. Previously we showed that VZV ORF12 activates ERK and inhibits apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Here we found that VZV ORF12 contributes to Bim and BAD phosphorylation. In summary, VZV triggers Bim phosphorylation; reduction of Bim levels results in longer survival of VZV-infected cells and increased VZV replication.
A model for the software engineering capstone sequence using the Rational Unified Process® (2006)

Most computer science (CS) programs require one or more courses in software development. They may be called software engineering, senior design project, senior practicum or some other variation on these titles. Often considered a capstone, project-oriented requirement, these courses are taught using a wide range of instructional approaches. Many projects are based on the traditional waterfall model or some variant thereof. This paper presents a comprehensive, two-course approach to teaching a software development sequence in a CS program using a disciplined, heavyweight development process namely the Rational Unified Process (RUP)®. Using a use-case driven, architecture-centric, iterative development approach, the paper presents a detailed description of eleven project deliverables.
A Novel Multi-minislot Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme in Cognitive Radio Networks (2015)

The use of Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) for spectrum utilization is very beneficial to address scarcity of frequency spectrum. It can solve the problem of spectrum scarcity. The one of the areas of concern in spectrum sensing is the amount of energy that is consumed in spectrum sensing performed by unlicensed/secondary users. There are many frame structures which are being used for spectrum sensing and they are very capable of performing spectrum efficient and energy efficient spectrum sensing individually, but it does not fulfill the need of modern era where we need a combined spectrum and energy efficient spectrum sensing technique. The proposed time division based frame structure for multiuser CRN is spectrum and energy efficient, it also provides time diversity gain for secondary users by allowing collection of sensing results at different point of time. The simulation result shows that the spectrum utility also increases because of the use of optimal decision threshold for final decision at fusion center. The results also shows that all the secondary users can"t be used for spectrum sensing because it degrades energy efficiency. So it is also optimized that how many secondary users will perform energy efficient spectrum sensing.
Ultra-low Dielectric Constant Low Density Material (k=2.2) for Cu Damascene (2000)

We have examined film properties of ultra-low dielectric constant low-density spin on glass with a dielectric constant of 2.2 (SOG-2.2). SOG-2.2 can stand higher shear strength and demonstrates better adhesion with PE-SiON than PE-SiN in scratch test. However, SOG-2.2 is damaged by conventional 02 plasma for photoresist stripping and also by wet processes for polymer removal. Using N2/H2 plasma for resist stripping, the damage can be minimized and moisture adsorption is significantly reduced, as evident in FTIR. In this work, SOG-2.2/Cu single damascene has been developed which demonstrates line-to-line capacitance reduction of 50%, compared with USGICu single damascene. Though there is leakage current in 0.23um narrow spacing Cu line, TEM examination suggests that no Cu diffusion in low density SOG-2.2 inter-metal dielectric.
480 channel 10 GHz spaced multi/demultiplexer (1999)

The authors report a 480 channel 10 GHz spaced multi/demultiplexer achieved by using a three-stage parallel connection approach consisting of a WDM splitter, two 100 GHz spaced AWGS and 64 10 GHz spaced AWGs. The channel crosstalk to neighbouring and all other channels is < –20 dB. The multi/demultiplexer is capable of covering the entire wavelength range (1525–1564 nm) of silica-based optical fibre amplifiers. The channel spacing between every adjacent channel is measured and the results described.
[Radiation-induced mucositis of the aerodigestive tract: prevention and treatment. MASCC/ISOO mucositis group's recommendations]. (2006)

Acute mucositis is the main intensity-limiting toxicity in the management of head and neck (H&N) and digestive track carcinomas with radiotherapy. New radiation modalities (hyperfractionation and/or acceleration) as well as combined modality regimens in this situation induce higher rates of acute toxicity. Hyperfractionation for example allows higher control rates, with few late toxicities, but it slightly increases acute mucositis. The addition of chemotherapy introduces systemic toxicity and can exacerbate local tissue reactions when used concurrently with radiation. Mucositis is recognized as the principal limiting factor to further treatment intensification. As local-regional control and overall survival are related to dose-intensity in this case, further research into the assessment, analysis, prevention and treatment of mucosal toxicity is not only crucial to the improvement in quality of life, but certainly to improved rates of disease control as well. Several topical and systemic treatments are directed to the decrease and the acceptance of this acute toxicity, but few have shown significant preventive effect. Improvement of technical aspects of H&N radiotherapy (3D conformal radiation, intensity-modulated radiotherapy) should have a major impact in the prevention of mucositis. The efficacy of low level laser therapy in the management of such a toxicity could hence yield important development of this method in the field of oncology. MASCC/ISOO mucositis group's recommendations for the management of acute radiation-induced mucositis are here summarized.