gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of C21 and ARBs with rhACE2 as a therapeutic protocol: A new promising approach for treating ARDS in patients with coronavirus infection. (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus. COVID-19 patients are at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome and death from respiratory failure. <b>Methods:</b> In this study the complete genome of the SARS-CoV-2 reference sequence, geologically isolated types, and Coronavirus related to human diseases were compared by the Molecular Phylogenetic Maximum Likelihood method. The secondary and tertiary structures of the main protease of SARS-CoV were defined as the most similar viruses to SARS-CoV-2, aligned with chimera software. Therefore, considering ineffective antiviral medications used for SARS-CoV and the importance of preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome as the main cause of mortality, 2 strategies were adopted to acquire the most effective drug combination. <b>Results:</b> The results of phylogenic analysis showed that SARS-CoV is the most similar virus to SARS-CoV-2. The secondary structure and superimposing of tertiary structure did not show a significant difference between SARS and SARS-CoV-2 3C-like main protease and the root means square deviation between Cα atoms did not support the difference between the 2 protein structures. Thus, these 2 mechanisms were fostered in accordance with the correlation between acute respiratory distress syndrome-related Coronavirus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on one side and the possible treatments for reducing the respiratory side effects on the other. The analysis of renin-angiotensin system as well as the tested drugs applied to acute respiratory distress syndrome cases, indicated that angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and C21 as nonpeptide agonist might possess a promising modality of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, implementing recombinant human ACE2 as a competitive receptor might be an effective way to trap and chelate the SARS-CoV-2 particles. <b>Conclusion:</b> The data suggest that combination therapy of angiotensin II receptor blockers and C21 could be a potential pharmacologic regimen to control and reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome. Moreover, rhACE2 can be recommended as an effective protective antiviral therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications.
Chemical Constituents of Original Plants of Cimicifugae Rhizoma in Chinese Medicine (1996)

Cimicifugae Rhizoma have been used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic remedy in the traditional Chinese medicines. Many 9,19-cyclolanostane glycosides have been isolated from Cimicifuga and related genera. Two biogenetically key compounds, acetylshengmanol xyloside and cimicifugoside H-1, were isolated and their chemical structures were elucidated by our group. The former compound seems to be the parent component of the other glycosides such as cimigenol xyloside from C. dahurica, C. iaponica and C. acerina. The latter glycoside, cimicifugoside H-1 was isolated together with cimicifugosides H-2-H-6 from commercial Cimicifugae Rhizoma. They are novel glycosides having a hydroxyl group ay C-11, and cimicifugosides H-3, H-4 and H-6 were trinor-triterpenol glycosides. Cimicifugoside H-1 changed into H-2, H-3 and H-4 under acidic or alkaline conditions. In this review, the structure elucidation of the above glycosides and their chemical transformation into other Cimicifuga glycosides are described.
Addiction, a Disease of Compulsion and Drive: Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex (2000)

Understanding the changes in the brain which occur in the transition from normal to addictive behavior has major implications in public health. Here we postulate that while reward circuits (nucleus accumbens, amygdala), which have been central to theories of drug addiction, may be crucial to initiate drug self-administration, the addictive state also involves disruption of circuits involved with compulsive behaviors and with drive. We postulate that intermittent dopaminergic activation of reward circuits secondary to drug self-administration leads to dysfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex via the striato-thalamo-orbitofrontal circuit. This is supported by imaging studies showing that in drug abusers studied during protracted withdrawal, the orbitofrontal cortex is hypoactive in proportion to the levels of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum. In contrast, when drug abusers are tested shortly after last cocaine use or during drug-induced craving, the orbitofrontal cortex is hypermetabolic in proportion to the intensity of the craving. Because the orbitofrontal cortex is involved with drive and with compulsive repetitive behaviors, its abnormal activation in the addicted subject could explain why compulsive drug self-administration occurs even with tolerance to the pleasurable drug effects and in the presence of adverse reactions. This model implies that pleasure per se is not enough to maintain compulsive drug administration in the drugaddicted subject and that drugs that could interfere with the activation of the striato-thalamo-orbitofrontal circuit could be beneficial in the treatment of drug addiction.
Universal serial bus (USB) to universal interface using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to mimic traditional hardware [military aircraft testing applications] (2004)

Historically, whenever a unique digital interface was needed, a unique piece of hardware was created. In the field of loaders/verifiers this has often led to large, heavy, and expensive equipment to support aircraft platforms. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be used to create many different interfaces without the need for unique hardware. This paper explores the techniques used to develop interfaces using FPGAs and provides examples of how FPGAs have reduced the size, weight, and cost of flight line test equipment over the last nine years. FPGAs may also be used to implement some standard interfaces such as IEEE-488, RS-422 and PC parallel ports. The benefits and risks of using FPGAs for these standard interfaces are evaluated.
Anti-invasive effect of gambogic acid in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells (2008)

Gambogic acid (GA) has been known to have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the anti-invasive effects of GA in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. The results indicated that GA significantly inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasion of the cells in vitro tested by the heterotypic adhesion assay, wound migration assay, and chamber invasion assay. Results of Western blotting and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that GA could suppress the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, gelatin zymography revealed that GA decreased the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, GA exerted an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK, while it had no effect on p38. Taken together, our results demonstrated the anti-invasive property of GA for the first time and indicated it could serve as a promising drug for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
SYNTHESIS OF FLUORESCEIN PHOSPHATES AND SULFATES (1997)

(1997). SYNTHESIS OF FLUORESCEIN PHOSPHATES AND SULFATES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 561-568.
An experimental Japanese/English interpreting video phone system (2002)

We report on the architectural design issues and experiences gained while building and demonstrating an experimental interpreting video phone (IVP) system. The IVP system has been demonstrated in an Internet home shopping simulation simultaneously before live audiences in Japan and the US. An American shop assistant and a Japanese customer engaged in task directed dialogues using their native languages. In addition to their direct audio/visual contact by ISDN video phone, each participant heard a translation of the remote speaker's utterances in a synthetic voice in real time. Each site used a medium size vocabulary, a continuous speech recognition system and a text to speech synthesis (TTS) system for the local language. Recognition results were transmitted over the Internet to the remote site, where the corresponding translated sentence was spoken by TTS in the listener's native language. All of the speech and language processing software components of the system were independently developed proprietary technologies of the authors' laboratories which were integrated using commercially available hardware and communication media. Difficulties encountered in developing the system, the accommodations which were made, and other experiences gained through the process are reported.
Recent advances in the molecular biology of entomopoxviruses (1995)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Domain Organization of Phytochelatin Synthase (2004)

Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) is a major determinant of heavy metal tolerance in plants and other organisms. No structural information on this enzyme is as yet available. It is generally believed, however, that the active site region is located in the more conserved N-terminal portion of PCS, whereas various, as yet unidentified (but supposedly less critical) roles have been proposed for the C-terminal region. To gain insight into the structural/functional organization of PCS, we have conducted a limited proteolysis analysis of the enzyme from Arabidopsis (AtPCS1), followed by functional characterization of the resulting polypeptide fragments. Two N-terminal fragments ending at positions 372 (PCS_Nt1) and 283 (PCS_Nt2) were produced sequentially upon V8 protease digestion, without any detectable accumulation of the corresponding C-terminal fragments. As revealed by the results of in vivo and in vitro functional assays, the core PCS_Nt2 fragment is biosynthetically active in the presence of cadmium ions and supports phytochelatin formation at a rate that is only approximately 5-fold lower than that of full-length AtPCS1. The loss of the C-terminal region, however, substantially decreases the thermal stability of the enzyme and impairs phytochelatin formation in the presence of certain heavy metals (e.g. mercury and zinc, but not cadmium or copper). The latter phenotype was shared by PCS_Nt2 and by its precursor fragment PCS_Nt1, which, on the other hand, was almost as stable and biosynthetically active (in the presence of cadmium) as the full-length enzyme. AtPCS1 thus appears to be composed of a protease-resistant (and hence presumably highly structured) N-terminal domain, flanked by an intrinsically unstable C-terminal region. The most upstream part of such a region (positions 284-372) is important for enzyme stabilization, whereas its most terminal part (positions 373-485) appears to be required to determine enzyme responsiveness to a broader range of heavy metals.
Fibrinogen binding to purified platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (integrin alpha IIb beta 3) is modulated by lipids. (1992)

Soluble fibrinogen binding to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (integrin alpha IIb beta 3) requires platelet activation. The intracellular mediator(s) that convert glycoprotein IIb-IIIa into an active fibrinogen receptor have not been identified. Because the lipid composition of the platelet plasma membrane undergoes changes during activation, we investigated the effects of lipids on the fibrinogen binding properties of purified glycoprotein IIb-IIIa. Anion exchange chromatography of lipids extracted from platelets exposed to thrombin or other platelet agonists resolved an activity that increased fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein IIb-IIIa. A monoester phosphate was important for activity, and phosphatidic acid coeluted with the peak of activity. Purified phosphatidic acid dose-dependently promoted a specific interaction between glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and fibrinogen which possessed many but not all of the properties of fibrinogen binding to activated platelets. Phosphatidic acid appeared to increase the proportion of fibrinogen binding-competent glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complexes without altering their affinity for fibrinogen. The effects of phosphatidic acid were a result of specific structural properties of the lipid and were not mimicked by other phospholipids. Lysophosphatidic acid, however, was a potent inducer of fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein IIb-IIIa. These results demonstrate that specific lipids can affect fibrinogen binding to purified glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and suggest that the lipid environment has the potential to influence fibrinogen binding to its receptor.
Processing Causal Block Diagrams with Graph-Grammars in AToM³ (2002)

AToM³ is a tool which supports multi-formalism modelling and metamodelling to facilitate computer assisted analysis and design of complex systems. To enable the automatic generation of modelling tools, the formalisms themselves are modelled at a meta-level within an appropriate meta-formalism. The generated tools are able to process (create, edit, simulate,...) models expressed in the corresponding formalism. AToM³ relies on graph grammars and graph rewriting techniques to perform the transformations between formalisms as well as for other tasks, such as code generation, model optimization and simulator specification. As a case study, we describe the syntax and operational semantics of Causal Block Diagrams (CBD). The animation of such operational semantics results in the actual simulation.
Wavelength-division multiplexing Si photonic crystal beam steering device for high-throughput parallel sensing (2018)

We proposed and demonstrated a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical beam-steering device consisting of a thermally controlled doubly periodic Si two-dimensional bulk photonic crystal waveguide and coupled microring multiplexers. Beam forming and steering while maintaining a sharp profile is much easier in this device than with optical phased arrays which need the fine phase control. By dividing the range of beam-steering angles into different wavelength channels, it is possible to cover a wide range of angles, even when each angle is small. In this study, we fabricated a device with four wavelength channels, each of which showed beam steering of 4°-5° as a result of heating, resulting in a total of 16°. Two-dimensional steering is also achieved by loading a collimator lens and selecting one waveguide from those arrayed. We evaluated 112 resolution points with four wavelengths and 448 points in total by switching four waveguides. If this WDM concept is introduced into light detection and ranging and the number of wavelengths is increased, it will be possible to increase the sensing throughput, which is usually constrained by the round-trip time of light, by simultaneous parallel operation.
Potential Mediator of Inflammation (1980)

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, or pulmonary alveolar macrophages, stimulated in vitro by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), released reactive oxygen species able to suppress the elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) of human serum. Immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)-Pi) and elastase showed that inactivation of alpha(1)-Pi was responsible for the decreased serum EIC. Treatment of phagocyte-inactivated serum with a reducing agent (dithiothreitol) resulted in significant recovery of EIC, suggesting that alpha(1)-Pi had been oxidatively inactivated. Serum EIC was partially protected by superoxide dismutase or catalase. Hydrogen peroxide alone had no effect on serum EIC. Thus, neither H(2)O(2) nor O(2) (-) alone, but a product of the two, may have oxidatively inactivated alpha(1)-Pi. In support of the foregoing, neutrophils or monocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease failed to produce detectable levels of O(2) (-) after incubation with PMA. These cells also failed to suppress serum EIC. In the case of PMA-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes or monocytes, extracellular myeloperoxidase may have also played a role in alpha(1)-Pi inactivation since serum EIC was partly protected by azide, cyanide, or the depletion of extracellular chloride. Indeed, in a cell-free system consisting of purified myeloperoxidase, a glucose oxidase-H(2)O(2)-generating system, and Cl(-), the EIC of human serum or purified alpha(1)-Pi could also be suppressed. Omission of any single reactant prevented this effect, as did NaN(3) or catalase, suggesting that enzymatically active myeloperoxidase and H(2)O(2) were necessary. Immunoelectrophoresis of myeloperoxidase-inactivated serum showed that, as before, inactivation of alpha(1)-Pi was responsible for the decreased EIC. Treating myeloperoxidase-inactivated serum with dithiothreitol led to significant recovery of EIC, again suggesting that oxidative inactivation of alpha(1)-Pi had occurred. Oxidative inactivation of alpha(1)-Pi in the microenvironment of inflammatory cells, at sites of acute or chronic inflammation, may allow proteases released from these cells to damage adjacent connective tissue components more readily.
Novel polysaccharide-protein conjugates provide an immunogenic 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for S. pneumoniae (2017)

Pneumonia remains the single leading cause of childhood death worldwide. Despite the commercial availability of multiple pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), high dosage cost and supply shortages prevent PCV delivery to much of the developing world. The current work presents high-yield pneumococcal conjugates that are immunogenic in animals and suitable for use in human vaccine development. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) investigated in this research incorporated serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F. Pneumococcal polysaccharides (PnPSs) and CRM<sub>197</sub> carrier protein were produced and purified in-house, and used to prepare PnPS-CRM conjugates using unique, cyanide-free, <i>in vacuo</i> glycation conjugation methods. <i>In vitro</i> characterization confirmed the generation of higher molecular weight PnPS-CRM conjugates low in free protein. <i>In vivo</i> animal studies were performed to compare PnuVax's PCV-13 to the commercially available PCV-13, Prevnar<sup>®</sup>13 (Pfizer, USA). A boost dose was provided to all groups post-dose 1 at t = 14 days. Post-dose 2 results at t = 28 days showed that all 13 serotypes in PnuVax's PCV-13 were boostable. Per serotype IgG GMCs demonstrated that PnuVax's PCV-13 is immunogenic for all 13 serotypes, with 10 of the 13 serotypes statistically the same or higher than Prevnar<sup>®</sup>13 post-dose 2. As a result, the novel polysaccharide-protein conjugates developed in this work are highly promising for use in human PCV development. The <i>in vacuo</i> conjugation technique applied in this work could also be readily adapted to develop many other conjugate vaccines.
CO2 Pipeline Infrastructure – Lessons Learnt (2014)

Some 6,500 km of CO2 pipelines have been operating for years for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations, primarily in the United States. Moreover, there are a number of CO2 pipelines that are in use for CO2 utilization (CCU) or Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) operations in Europe and the Americas. Valuable experience and lessons learned are available from these projects relevant for all phases of CO2 pipeline projects: from early identification to execution and operation. A comprehensive set of information has been collected, evaluated and made accessible with the aim to benefit the development of future CO2 pipelines. The resulting database shows a wide variety of characteristics among existing CO2 pipeline projects. In addition, a Reference Manual document adds an overview of results and lessons learned and it can serve as a guide to enable access to the full set of information in the database.
The Architectural Type of 'Lu' in Choseon Dynasty (2010)

'Lu' is one of the Korean traditional building structure. The architectural characteristics of the 'Lu' can be classified two types with its use. One is single building type and the other is a part of building type within building complex. This study is about the two-storied 'Lu' that was built on part of building complex. 'Lu' built in building complex such like Sa-chal, Hyang-gyo, Seo-won, Jae-sil, has the similar characters. 1. It is built by taking slope site. 2. Ii is one of four buildings that forms court yard. 3. It uses simple building structure on the purpose of openness 4. It can control view with using window. The column type of 'Lu' can be classified with 3 style. These are Kan style, Kan style and Kan style. It would be assumed with the result of study that Kan style has its origin in Hoe-Rang structure, Kan style is originated from Joong-Moon(middle gate) structure, and Kan is originated from Kang-Dang structure.
A Survey of 3D Head Model Retrieval (2009)

To retrieve non-rigid models and models of free-form surfaces is in actual demand, and the retrieval of 3D head models is very important in the field of entertainment, graphics design industry and medicine. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to 3D head retrieval. This survey focuses on the relevant technique on 3D head model retrieval. Firstly, it concludes existing researches about feature extraction. Two kinds of approaches are introduced, namely common approaches and special approaches. Furthermore, special approaches are categorized into local feature based methods and global feature based methods. Secondly, the indexing technology and some prototype system are introduced. Finally, the paper performs an analysis and recommends some challenging topic.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Using Ferrocene and Ozone (2011)

Growing interest in Fe2O3 as a light harvesting layer in solar energy conversion devices stems from its unique combination of stability, nontoxicity, and exceptionally low material cost. Unfortunately, the known methods for conformally coating high aspect ratio structures with Fe2O3 leave a glaring gap in the technologically relevant temperature range of 170−350 °C. Here, we elucidate a self-limiting atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for the growth of hematite, α-Fe2O3, over a moderate temperature window using ferrocene and ozone. At 200 °C, the self-limiting growth of Fe2O3 is observed at rates up to 1.4 Å/cycle. Dense and robust thin films grown on both fused quartz and silicon exhibit the expected optical bandgap (2.1 eV). In situ mass spectrometric analysis reveals the evolution of two distinct cyclic reaction products during the layer-by-layer growth. The readily available and relatively high vapor pressure iron precursor is utilized to uniformly coat a high surface area template with aspect ratio ∼150.
Design of rules for transforming UML sequence diagrams into Java code (2003)

UML is a modeling language that most developers employed during the design phase. UML provides various types of diagrams used for specifying both the structure and the behavior of systems. During the development process, models specified by these diagrams are eventually transformed into corresponding code. Although there is much research on transforming UML models into code, they discuss mainly the class, state and collaboration diagrams. None propose rules for transforming UML sequence diagrams into a corresponding code. This paper proposes a transformation approach for transforming UML sequence and class diagrams into Java code. The transformation approach consists of a meta model for sequence diagram and transformation rules. The proposed approach is evaluated by applying it to at least three applications.