gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VIM: A Framework for Intelligence Analysis (2004)

Intelligence analysts receive thousands of facts from a variety of sources. In addition to the bare details of the fact — a particular person, for example — each fact may have provenance, reliability, weight, and other attributes. Each fact may also be associated with other facts, e.g. that one person met another at a particular location. The analysts task is to examine a huge collection of such loosely-structured facts, and try to connect the dots to perceive the underlying and unknown causes — and their possible future courses. We have designed and implemented a Java platform called VIM to support intelligence analysts in their work.
Twentieth Century Empire (1948)

Twentieth Century Empire Get access Twentieth Century Empire. By H. V. Hodson. 1948. (London: Faber and Faber. 8½″× 5¼″. ix + 186 pp. Map. 15s.) Alexander Brady Alexander Brady Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 24, Issue 4, October 1948, Pages 591–592, https://doi.org/10.2307/3017657 Published: 01 October 1948
Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylidene 2-Oxazolidinones and 1,3-Oxazin-2-ones (2006)

N-Boc-protected alkynylamines are converted into the corresponding alkylidene 2-oxazolidinones or 2-oxazinones under very mild reaction conditions in the presence of 1-5 mol % of a cationic Au(I) complex. The scope of the reaction is very general, providing the cyclic carbamates in high yield regardless of the substitution at nitrogen and alkyne terminus.
Drs2p-related P-type ATPases Dnf1p and Dnf2p Are Required for Phospholipid Translocation across the Yeast Plasma Membrane and Serve a Role in Endocytosis (2003)

Plasma membranes in eukaryotic cells display asymmetric lipid distributions with aminophospholipids concentrated in the inner and sphingolipids in the outer leaflet. This asymmetry is maintained by ATP-driven lipid transporters whose identities are unknown. The yeast plasma membrane contains two P-type ATPases, Dnf1p and Dnf2p, with structural similarity to ATPase II, a candidate aminophospholipid translocase from bovine chromaffin granules. Loss of Dnf1p and Dnf2p virtually abolished ATP-dependent transport of NBD-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylcholine from the outer to the inner plasma membrane leaflet, leaving transport of sphingolipid analogs unaffected. Labeling with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid revealed that the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine exposed on the surface of Deltadnf1Deltadnf2 cells increased twofold relative to wild-type cells. Phosphatidylethanolamine exposure by Deltadnf1Deltadnf2 cells further increased upon removal of Drs2p, an ATPase II homolog in the yeast Golgi. These changes in lipid topology were accompanied by a cold-sensitive defect in the uptake of markers for bulk-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Our findings demonstrate a requirement for Dnf1p and Dnf2p in lipid translocation across the yeast plasma membrane. Moreover, it appears that Dnf1p, Dnf2p and Drs2p each help regulate the transbilayer lipid arrangement in the plasma membrane, and that this regulation is critical for budding endocytic vesicles.
Latin as a universal language (1937)

Journal Article Latin as a universal language Get access C. A. Knapp C. A. Knapp 1Captain, Bournemouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 172, Issue 8, 20 February 1937, Pages 141–142, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/172.8.141d Published: 20 February 1937
Method to measure autonomic control of cardiac function using time interval parameters from impedance cardiography (2008)

The time difference between the electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram can be considered as a measure for the time delay between the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart. This time interval, characterized by the pre-ejection period (PEP), is related to the sympathetic autonomous nervous control of cardiac activity. PEP, however, is difficult to measure in practice. Therefore, a novel parameter, the initial systolic time interval (ISTI), is introduced to provide a more practical measure. The use of ISTI instead of PEP was evaluated in three groups: young healthy subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease, and a group of elderly, healthy subjects of comparable age. PEP and ISTI were studied under two conditions: at rest and after an exercise stimulus. Under both conditions, PEP and ISTI behaved largely similarly in the three groups and were significantly correlated. It is concluded that ISTI can be used as a substitute for PEP and, therefore, to evaluate autonomic neuropathy both in clinical and extramural settings. Measurement of ISTI can also be used to non-invasively monitor the electromechanical cardiac time interval, and the associated autonomic activity, under physiological circumstances.
Conditions for the Generation of Slip by Diffusion of Phosphorus into Silicon (1966)

On the basis of theoretical considerations it is shown that the critical surface-impurity concentration Nscrit for the generation of slip during diffusion, as well as the depth η0 to which dislocations will move, depend strongly on the impurity concentration profile. A weak dependence of Nscrit on crystal orientation has to be expected also. Nscrit has been calculated for phosphorus diffusing into silicon to be 4.11×1020 cm−3 with the reasonable assumption of a complementary error-function impurity profile. The experimental value is 2.0×1020 cm−3 &lt;Nscrit &lt;2.5×1020 cm−3. The theory has been used to explain details in slip patterns displayed on a {110} surface after etching the sample. Finally the markedly different appearance of slip patterns due to apparently small variations in diffusion parameters is demonstrated and discussed.
Double blind randomized controlled trial of sodium meclofenamate (Meclomen) and diclofenac sodium (Voltaren): post validation reapplication of the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. (1992)

Following several years of development and validation, we applied the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index as the principal outcome measure in a double blind randomized parallel trial of Meclomen (100 mg po tid) and Voltaren (25 mg po tid). Statistically significant improvements in clinical status were noted in both treatment groups. At the doses studied, between drug differences favoring Meclomen were observed in pain and stiffness, no difference being noted in physical function. No significant between drug difference was noted in tolerability at these same doses. Our study also demonstrated that the relative efficiency of WOMAC was similar to that of the Lequesne and Doyle indices. Finally, we defined the standard deviation necessary to calculate sample size for future studies using the WOMAC index, both for studies based on static scores and those based on change scores.
Airborne Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: Antenna Aperture and Beam Forming Architecture (2019)

Radar performance depends on antenna characteristics, transmit power, transmit waveform and receiver design. Phased array radar (PAR) with solid-state amplifiers, attenuators and phase shifters uses additional signal processing schemes for achieving desired sensitivity, scan rate and data quality than in the case of a mechanically scanning radar that uses high-power klystron, magnetron or traveling wave tube transmitters. Active electronic scanning array (AESA) enables rapid scanning - the radar beam could be steered to any angular direction nearly instantly. Transmit and receive beam characteristics of AESA could be made independent of each other by an appropriate amplitude and/or phase weighting of the individual radiating element transmit and receive signals. Rapid steering of the antenna beam is suitable for beam multiplexing (BMX). BMX enables the collection of independent sample pairs of radar signals that reduce errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes. Scan strategies for pencil beam and broad beam configurations are presented with regard to collecting reflectivity and radial velocity within a specified standard deviation of error. Beamforming radar architectures for pencil beam and broad beam configuration are described.
Somatostatin Receptors in Human Growth Hormone and Prolactin- Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (1985)

[125I-Tyr]Somatostatin [( 125I-Tyr]SRIH) binding was found in 11 GH-secreting pituitary adenomas [Kd = 0.46 +/- 0.15 (+/- SE) nM; maximum binding, 165 +/- 35 fmol/mg protein). This binding was specific, since it was displaced by somatostatin-14 (SRIH-14), N-Tyr-SRIH-14, and SRIH-28. In contrast, a number of peptides and drugs not structurally related to SRIH, such as bombesin, dopamine, LHRH, met-enkephalin, naloxone, neurotensin, secretin, substance P, TRH, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, did not affect [125I-Tyr]SRIH binding. [125I-Tyr]SRIH specific binding also was found in PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas. The kinetic characteristics of the specific binding were similar to those of GH-secreting adenomas. However, maximal binding was one quarter that of GH-secreting adenomas (37 +/- 9 fmol/mg protein). In contrast, nonsecreting (chromophobe) tumors were devoid of any specific binding. Finally, in acromegaly, the density of [125I-Tyr]SRIH-binding sites in the adenomas was negatively correlated with plasma GH levels before surgery (r = -0.80). This suggests that somatostatinergic control is involved in GH secretion in acromegalic patients.
Synthesis and properties of new adamantane-based poly(ether imide)s (1999)

A new adamantane-based bis(ether anhydride), 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]adamantane dianhydride, was prepared in three steps starting from nitrodisplacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with the potassium phenolate of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane. A series of adamantane-containing poly(ether imide)s were prepared from the adamantane-based bis(ether anhydride) and aromatic diamines by a conventional two-stage synthesis in which the poly(ether amic acid)s obtained in the first stage were heated stage-by-stage at 150–270°C to give the poly(ether imide)s. The intermediate poly(ether amic acid)s had inherent viscosities between 0.56 and 1.92 dL/g. Except for those from p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and benzidine, all the poly(ether amic acid) films could be thermally converted into transparent, flexible, and tough poly(ether imide) films. All the poly(ether imide)s showed limited solubility in organic solvents, although they were amorphous in nature as evidenced by X-ray diffractograms. Glass transition temperatures of these poly(ether imide)s were recorded in the range of 242–317°C by differential scanning calorimetry and of 270–322°C by dynamic mechanical analysis. They exhibited high resistance to thermal degrdation, with 10% weight loss temperatures being recorded between 514–538°C in nitrogen and 511–527°C in air. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1619–1628, 1999
Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia using cyclosporin: long-term follow-up. (1989)

Between 1980 and 1986 we transplanted 49 patients from genotypically identical sibling donors for severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). Patients were predominantly adults, median age 22 years (3-47). Forty-six were multiply transfused prior to referral. The median pre-transplant disease duration was 4 months (1-72). Pre-transplant conditioning was with cyclophosphamide (CY) 200 mg/kg. Cyclosporin A (CSA) was given from 1 day before the transplant and continued for 9-12 months. Eight of 48 evaluable patients did not achieve initial engraftment (early graft failure). Six of these episodes occurred in the eight cases transplanted more than 1 year after diagnosis, four of whom died. Thirteen of 44 (30%) evaluable patients (with stable engraftment after one or two transplants) had grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Only three of 35 patients surviving more than 100 days with sustained engraftment developed generalized chronic GVHD; two died. An additional 10 patients developed localized chronic GVHD, which was very mild, transient and related to CSA withdrawal. Four long-term survivors are known to have autologous marrow function. All survivors have Karnofsky scores of greater than 90%. We conclude that the use of CSA after bone marrow transplantation for SAA is associated with good long-term survival and minimal on-going chronic GVHD. Early graft failure was frequent when transplantation was delayed beyond 1 year from diagnosis.
Imatinib mesylate (STI571; Glivec)???a new approach in the treatment of biliary tract cancer? (2003)

Non-resectable biliary tract cancer is associated with poor prognosis due to widespread resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy. It is therefore essential to explore new therapeutic approaches like the inhibition of tyrosine kinases. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors (PDGFRs) and the effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib +/- 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on proliferation and apoptosis in biliary tract cancer cell lines. The expression of c-kit and PDGFR mRNA was examined in 12 biliary tract cancer cell lines using RT-PCR. Cells were treated with imatinib (1, 10, 20 and 50 micromol/l) +/- 5-FU (0.1 microg/ml) for 6 days and inhibition of cell growth was assessed by manual cell counting. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry of BrdU and Annexin-V/propidium iodide-stained cells. c-kit and PDGF mRNA expression was detected in 50 and 75%, respectively. Imatinib (10 and 20 micromol/l) alone inhibited cell growth significantly higher in c-kit+ cell lines (p<0.02) and inhibition was independent of PDGFR status. The combination with 5-FU increased the effect of imatinib mesylate in all cell lines. Treatment of cells with imatinib +/- 5-FU was associated with a significant induction of apoptosis, but no inhibition of proliferation. We conclude that imatinib alone exerts marked effects on c-kit+ biliary tract cancer cell lines only at intermediate and high concentrations, but there is a potential role of low-dose imatinib in combination with 5-FU for the treatment of biliary tract cancers.
A new family of single stage AC/DC power factor correction converters with fast output voltage regulation (2002)

Off line converters should be designed to drain almost sinusoidal current from the utility to accomplish international regulations about harmonic injection. A common approach is to use power factor pre-regulators, that is usually, cascaded by a DC/DC converter to obtain a fast regulated output voltage in the load or DC bus. There are also several single stage solutions that make these two tasks using one single converter, obtaining advantages from the point of view of efficiency, size or cost. In this paper, a new family of single stage AC/DC circuits is proposed. With these converters, a high power factor and a tight regulated output voltage are achieved. This family has advantages such as efficiency and size over the two stage structure, and simplicity over other single stage solutions.
Expression and significance of Survivin mRNA in lung cancer tissue microarray detected by FISH. (2005)

Survivin mRNA highly expresses in lung cancer, which is related to the progress and malignant behavior. Survivin may play a promoting role in lung cancer genesis and progress and provide a basis for estimating prognosis and treatment.
The colonic pericryptal fibroblast sheath: replication, migration, and cytodifferentiation of a mesenchymal cell system in adult tissue. 3. Replication and differentiation in human hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. (1971)

Electron microscopic and autoradiographic studies of the pericryptal fibroblast sheath of human hyperplastic and adenomatous colonic polyps confirm the suggestion of Lane et al. (Lane N, Kaplan H, Pascal RR: Minute adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps of the colon: divergent patterns of epithelial growth with specific associated mesenchymal changes. Contrasting roles in the pathogenesis of carcinoma. Gastroenterology 60:537–551, 1971) that these two lesions may represent divergent extremes of the normal differentiation of the colonic mucosa. The sheath of the hyperplastic mucosa is fully differentiated and excessively developed, paralleling precisely the differentiation and development of the overlying epithelium. Conversely, the immaturity of the sheath of the adenomatous epithelium, demonstrated by continued fibroblast division at all levels, failure of morphological maturation of the fibroblasts, and failure of the fibroblasts to secrete their normal extracellular products, collagen and mucopolysaccharides, parallels the degree of immaturity of the overlying adenomatous epithelium. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
A hierarchical model for characterising spatial wafer variations (2013)

Silicon wafers are commonly used materials in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Their geometric quality directly affects the production cost and yield. Therefore, improvement in the quality of wafers is critical for meeting the current competitive market needs. Conventional summary metrics such as total thickness variation, bow and warp can neither fully reflect the local variability within each wafer nor provide useful insight for root cause diagnosis and quality improvement. The advancement of sensing technology enables two-dimensional (2D) data mapping to characterise the geometric shapes of wafers, which provides more information than summary metrics. The objective of this research is to develop a statistical model to characterise the thickness variation of wafers based on 2D data maps. Specifically, the thickness variation of wafers is decomposed into macro-scale and micro-scale variations, which are modelled as a cubic curve and a first-order intrinsic Gaussian Markov random field, respectively. The models can successfully capture both the macro-scale mean trend and the micro-scale local variation, with important engineering implications for process monitoring, fault diagnosis and run-to-run control. A practical case study from a wafer manufacturing process is performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Induction of the genes for <i>Cxcl9</i> and <i>Cxcl10</i> is dependent on IFN‐γ but shows differential cellular expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and by astrocytes and microglia <i>in vitro</i> (2007)

The chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 bind to the common receptor CXCR3 and are implicated in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated immunity in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we examined the temporal and spatial regulation of the Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 genes in the CNS of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and by glial cells in vitro. During peak disease the levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein were increased significantly in the cerebellum and spinal cord but were reduced during the recovery phase. Expression of these genes in the CNS was abolished in IFN-gamma-receptor deficient mice with MOG-EAE. In wild-type mice, CXCL9 RNA was localized mainly to infiltrating mononuclear cells including lesion and perilesional microglia, while CXCL10 RNA was seen primarily in more distal astrocytes that surrounded the inflammatory lesions. Examination of cultured glia following treatment with IFN-gamma revealed that while both CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA transcripts were induced in microglia, only CXCL10 mRNA was induced in astrocytes. Thus, although IFN-gamma is the pivotal mediator of both Cxcl10 and Cxcl9 gene expression in EAE, this cytokine differentially regulates the expression of these genes by astrocytes and microglia. The differential glial localization of these chemokines in EAE suggests CXCL9 and CXCL10 have specialized functions.
A study of the surface passivation on GaAs and In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As Schottky-barrier photodiodes using SiO/sub 2/, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and polyimide (1988)

Studies of surface passivation and antireflection coating on GaAs and In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal (IMSM) Schottky-barrier photodiodes have been made using SiO/sub 2/, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, and polyimide deposited films. The results show that Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ on GaAs and polyimide on In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As are the most effective dielectric films for reducing the leakage current and reflection loss in these photodiodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A cell–cell interaction format for selection of high-affinity antibodies to membrane proteins (2019)

Generating and improving antibodies and peptides that bind specifically to membrane protein targets such as ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be challenging using established selection methods. Current strategies are often limited by difficulties in the presentation of the antigen or the efficiency of the selection process. Here, we report a method for obtaining antibodies specific for whole cell membrane-associated antigens which combines a cell-cell interaction format based on yeast display technology with fluorescence-activated cell sorting of dual fluorescent complexes. Using this method, we were able to direct the affinity maturation of an antagonist antibody specific for the proton-gated ion channel ASIC1a and showed that both the affinity and potency were improved. We were also able to use this method to do kinetic selections to generate clones with better dissociation profiles. In addition, this method was employed successfully to handle the difficult problem of selecting antibodies specific to a GPCR target, the mu-opioid receptor.
Pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to ovine corticotropin releasing hormone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose prednisone. (1992)

Ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) stimulation tests were performed in 8 female patients with active rheumatoid arthritis treated chronically with daily low dose prednisone and 16 age matched female controls. Patients were tested on the day of treatment, 12 h after their last prednisone dose, and after withholding prednisone for 36 h. Basal levels of plasma ACTH and to a lesser extent plasma cortisol levels were elevated before each test, and significant increases in ACTH and cortisol were induced with oCRH. The dose response relationship between total ACTH and total cortisol was shifted to the right, suggesting that the patient group had mildly deficient adrenocortical responsiveness compensated for by elevated basal evening ACTH concentrations. It is not known whether the neuroendocrine abnormalities demonstrated are due to an intrinsic preexisting abnormality, active disease, drug therapy or all these factors.
Coining: an ancient treatment widely practiced among asians. (2011)

Coining is a technique used in treating many illnesses since ancient times. It is a form of dermabrasion therapy still widely practiced in China and South East Asia. This ancient treatment method is employed to rid the body of "heatiness" or "negative energies". Coining is associated with serious complications, and has been confused with child abuse by physicians unfamiliar to Asian cultures. Despite the availability of more simple and effective treatment for fever, coining is still widely practiced among Asians.