gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallic Modular Taper Junctions in Total Hip Arthroplasty (2015)

The emergence of modularity in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the 1980s and 1990s was based on the fact that the benefit of these design features outweighed the risk. The use of metallic modular junctions presents a unique set of advantages and problems for use in THA. The advantages include improvement in fit and fill of the implant to bone, restoration of joint mechanics, reduced complications in revision surgery and reduction of costly inventory. However, the risks or concerns are a little harder to identify and deal with. Certainly corrosion, and fatigue failure are the two most prevalent concerns but now the specifics of fretting wear and corrosive wear increasing particulate debris and the potential biological response is having an impact on the design and potential longevity of the reconstructed hip. Material and designs are facing a shorter life expectancy than what was previously thought, mostly due to an increasing level of physical activity by the patient. Because there are no accurate laboratory test whereby the service life and performance of these implants can be predicted, early controlled clinical evaluations are necessary. Early publication of testing and clinical impressions should be encouraged in an attempt to reduce exposure to potential at risk patients, implants and material. The reduction and possible elimination of risks will require a balancing of all the variables requiring a multidisciplinary endeavor.This paper is designed to review the risk factors, and benefits of modular junctions in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Also some basic engineering principals that can reduce risk factors and improve functionality of modular junctions.
Positional preference of proline in α‐helices (1999)

Conformational free energy calculations have been carried out for proline-containing alanine-based pentadecapeptides with the sequence Ac-(Ala)n-Pro-(Ala)m-NHMe, where n + m = 14, to figure out the positional preference of proline in alpha-helices. The relative free energy of each peptide was calculated by subtracting the free energy of the extended conformation from that of the alpha-helical one, which is used here as a measure of preference. The highest propensity is found for the peptide with proline at the N-terminus (i.e., Ncap + 1 position), and the next propensities are found at Ncap, N' (Ncap - 1), and C' (Ccap + 1) positions. These computed results are reasonably consistent with the positional propensities estimated from X-ray structures of proteins. The breaking in hydrogen bonds around proline is found to play a role in destabilizing alpha-helical conformations, which, however, provides the favored hydration of the corresponding N-H and C=O groups. The highest preference of proline at the beginning of alpha-helix appears to be due to the favored electrostatic and nonbonded energies between two residues preceding proline and the intrinsic stability of alpha-helical conformation of the proline residue itself as well as no disturbance in hydrogen bonds of alpha-helix by proline. The average free energy change for the substitution of Ala by Pro in a alpha-helix is computed to be 4.6 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of approximately 4 kcal/mol estimated for an oligopeptide dimer and proteins of barnase and T4 lysozyme.
Plasmon Hybridization in Nanoparticle Dimers (2004)

We apply the recently developed plasmon hybridization method to nanoparticle dimers, providing a simple and intuitive description of how the energy and excitation cross sections of dimer plasmons depend on nanoparticle separation. We show that the dimer plasmons can be viewed as bonding and antibonding combinations, i.e., hybridization of the individual nanoparticle plasmons. The calculated plasmon energies are compared with results from FDTD simulations.
Sidney and Ariosto (1946)

Put off by the casual tone of the poet who in his Arcadia , a “trifle … triflinglie handled,” seemed to be guided only by the whim of his sister, readers are often unable to reconcile the sprightly air of the cavalier raconteur with the serious intent of the young defender of poets and poesy. But giving proper weight to Sidney's “poetry must teach as well as delight,” critics have come to concede his sober purpose in romance as well as in apologetic. Sprezzatura , courtly grace, conceals, however, not only moral seriousness but also equal seriousness in poetic plan and procedure. We must look in the Arcadia for the careful artist as well as the edifying teacher. We must try to discover there that strong rein of order which Sidney thought necessary to check the “high flying libertie of conceit proper to the Poet ,” that art which “doth give the fashion,” the traces of that Dedalus whom “the highest flying wit” must have to guide him.
Intron positions correlate with module boundaries in ancient proteins (1996)

We analyze the three-dimensional structure of proteins by a computer program that finds regions of sequence that contain module boundaries, defining a module as a segment of polypeptide chain bounded in space by a specific given distance. The program defines a set of "linker regions" that have the property that if an intron were to be placed into each linker region, the protein would be dissected into a set of modules all less than the specified diameter. We test a set of 32 proteins, all of ancient origin, and a corresponding set of 570 intron positions, to ask if there is a statistically significant excess of intron positions within the linker regions. For 28-A modules, a standard size used historically, we find such an excess, with P < 0.003. This correlation is neither due to a compositional or sequence bias in the linker regions nor to a surface bias in intron positions. Furthermore, a subset of 20 introns, which can be putatively identified as old, lies even more explicitly within the linker regions, with P < 0.0003. Thus, there is a strong correlation between intron positions and three-dimensional structural elements of ancient proteins as expected by the introns-early approach. We then study a range of module diameters and show that, as the diameter varies, significant peaks of correlation appear for module diameters centered at 21.7, 27.6, and 32.9 A. These preferred module diameters roughly correspond to predicted exon sizes of 15, 22, and 30 residues. Thus, there are significant correlations between introns, modules, and a quantized pattern of the lengths of polypeptide chains, which is the prediction of the "Exon Theory of Genes."
Studies on Correlation between Component of Pour Point Depressant and Depression Ability (Part II) (1972)

The pour point depressant (W-1), which was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction of naphthalene and chlorinated paraffin using AlCl3 as catalyst according to author's water addition method, has excellent depression ability. Then, depressant W-1 was separated by rubber membrane dialysis and liquid adsorption chromatography, and the molecular structure of the most effective component in W-1, i. e. the residue of rubber membrane dialysis was analyzed by IR, MS, NMR and GPC. As the results, the most effective component as pour point depressant was found to exist 20wt% in W-1 and their mean molecular weight was 5, 100 and their mean molecular structure was considered to be a mixture of the following:x: Degree of polymerization, about 8And there were some fractions having 20, 000 molecular weight in W-1.The formation mechanism of such high molecular weight substances was discussed.
Luminescent Boron-Contained Ladder-Type π-Conjugated Compounds (2009)

Four diboron-contained ladder-type pi-conjugated compounds 1-4 were designed and synthesized. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical properties, as well as density functional theory calculations, were fully investigated. The single crystals of compounds 1 and 3 were grown, and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Both compounds have a ladder-type pi-conjugated framework. Compounds 1 and 2 possess high thermal stabilities, moderate solid-state fluorescence quantum yields, as well as stable redox properties, indicating that they are possible candidates for emitters and charge-transporting materials in electroluminescent (EL) devices. The double-layer device with the configuration of [ITO/NPB (40 nm)/1 or 2 (70 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Al (200 nm)] exhibited good EL performance with the maximum brightness exceeding 8000 cd/m(2).
Stateless Session Resumption for the IKE Protocol (2007)

The Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) protocol is
computationally intensive with respect to the number of round-trips
required and cryptographic operations involved. In particular the
Extensible Authentication Protocol is used for authentication, which
adds additional computational intensity. To re-establish security
associations (SA) upon a failure recovery condition is time comsuming,
especially when an IPsec peer, such as a VPN gateway, needs to re-
establish a large number of SAs with various end points. A high number
of concurrent sessions might cause additional problems for an IPsec
peer during SA restablishment. In many failure cases it would be
useful to provide an efficient way to resume an interrupted IKE/IPsec
session. This document proposes an extension to IKEv2 that allows a
client to re-establish an IKE SA with a gateway in a highly efficient
manner, utilizing a previously establied IKE SA. A client can
reconnect to a gateway from which it was disconnected, or
alternatively migrate to another gateway that is associated with the
previous one. The proposed approach conveys IKEv2 state information,
in the form of an encrypted ticket, to a VPN client that is later
presented to the VPN gateway for re-authentication. An encrypted
ticket cannot be decrypted by a VPN client but allows a VPN gateway to
restore state for faster session state setup.
Application Diversity in Open Display Networks (2014)

We envision that future public display networks will be more interactive and open to applications from third parties similar to what we already have with smartphones. This paper investigates the application landscape for interactive public displays aiming to understand what would be the design and usage space for this type of applications. In particular, we explore people's perceptions and expectations regarding the diversity of applications that may emerge in future application ecosystems for public displays. We have devised a research methodology anchored on what is currently the rich and diverse range of applications in the mobile application market. We used a set of 75 mobile applications from Google Play application store and asked 72 participants about their relevance for public displays. The results showed that people had a clear preference for applications that disseminate content, and also that these preferences are affected by the type of location where the displays are deployed. These insights improve the understanding of the variables that may affect diversity in future display application ecosystems and inform the development of potential app stores in this context.
Smallpox Vaccination Reactions, Prophylaxis, and Therapy of Complications (1975)

Smallpox vaccination in the United States is a routine public health measure which has been under intensive review during the last decade. The most frequently occurring adverse reactions to vaccination are benign and require little or no systemic therapy. These reactions include accidental infection, erythematous and urticarial rash, and generalized vaccinia. Chickenpox occurring concurrently with vaccination presents no problem unless vaccinia has widely superinfected the chickenpox lesions. There is no risk to the pregnant woman who is vaccinated, but there is a slight risk that the fetus will develop fetal vaccinia. The vaccinia does not cause congenital malformations. Vaccinia hyperimmune globulin (VIG) in prophylactic dosage may be given to a pregnant woman who is traveling to a smallpox infected or endemic area in order to prevent fetal vaccinia. Vaccinia necrosum and eczema vaccinatum require vigorous systemic therapy with VIG, and often thiosemicarbazone. Post-vaccinial encephalitis, while frequently serious, has not been shown to be ameliorated by VIG therapy, although there are data which suggest VIG has some value in prophylaxis for encephalitis. Prophylaxis, prompt recognition, and proper therapy may reduce the fatality rates of these complications. Revaccination of patients who have suffered a complication is a frequent clinical problem. Revaccination of an individual who has had post-vaccinial encephalitis or vaccinia necrosum is contraindicated unless the risk of contracting smallpox outweighs the risk of the above two diseases. Revaccination of children who have had eczema vaccinatum is not contraindicated. Revaccination of children with a history of accidental infection or erythematous or urticarial rash presents no known or theoretically increased risk.
Pre‐yield and post‐yield shear behavior of the cement‐bone interface (1998)

Abstract Aseptic loosening of cemented total hip replacements is thought to involve mechanical failure of the cement‐bone interface. However, the mechanical response of the interface, particularly the post‐yield, behavior, is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the constitutive behavior of the cement‐bone interface for loading in shear using a combination of experimental and finite element methods. A total of 55 cement‐bone specimens (5 × 10 × 15‐20 mm) from the proximal femur of human cadavers were loaded to failure under displacement control with use of a custom shear test jig. Finite element models of the test specimens were made and included provision for a two‐parameter nonlinear interface model at the cement‐bone interface. The experimental tests revealed a complicated load versus displacement response with an initial linear region and a reduction in slope until the ultimate strength (2.25 ± 1.49 MPa) was reached, followed by an exponential decrease in load with increasing displacement until the entire interface debonded. Failure most often occurred at the cement‐bone interface, where the cement penetraed into the bone with bone remaining in the cement in 30 specimens and with bone remaining in the cement and cement spicules remaining in the bone in 22 specimens. The adjacent bulk bone and cement did not appear, to permanently deformed. Finite element models of the test specimens revealed that failure initiated at the base of the test specimen before the peak load had been reached. The two interface parameters, interface strength (2.71 ± 1.90 MPa) and interface‐softening exponent (4.96 ± 3.47 1/mm), could be determined directly from the experimental data and provided a good fit with the experimental structural response for a wide range of interface strengths. These results show that the cement‐bone interface does not fail abruptly when the shean strength is reached but absorbs a substantial amount of energy with post‐yield strain‐softening behavior.
Constraint Classification: A New Approach to Multiclass Classification and Ranking (2002)

We introduce constraint classification, a framework capturing many flavors of multiclass classification including multilabel classification and ranking, and present a meta-algorithm for learning in this framework. We provide generalization bounds when using a collection of k linear functions to represent each hypothesis. We also present empirical and theoretical evidence that constraint classification is more powerful than existing methods of multiclass classification. 1
Absence of evidence or evidence of absence: reflecting on therapeutic implementations of attentional bias modification (2014)

Attentional bias modification (ABM) represents one of a number of cognitive bias modification techniques which are beginning to show promise as therapeutic interventions for emotional pathology. Numerous studies with both clinical and non-clinical populations have now demonstrated that ABM can reduce emotional vulnerability. However, some recent studies have failed to achieve change in either selective attention or emotional vulnerability using ABM methodologies, including a recent randomised controlled trial by Carlbring et al. Some have sought to represent such absence of evidence as a sound basis not to further pursue ABM as an online intervention. While these findings obviously raise questions about the specific conditions under which ABM procedures will produce therapeutic benefits, we suggest that the failure of some studies to modify selective attention does not challenge the theoretical and empirical basis of ABM. The present paper seeks to put these ABM failures in perspective within the broader context of attentional bias modification research. In doing so it is apparent that the current findings and future prospects of ABM are in fact very promising, suggesting that more research in this area is warranted, not less.
High resolution diffusion tensor imaging of axonal damage in focal inflammatory and demyelinating lesions in rat spinal cord (2007)

Inflammation, demyelination, gliosis and axonal degeneration are pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Axonal damage is thought to contribute to irreversible damage and functional impairment, but is difficult to quantify. Conventional MRI has been used to assess the inflammatory and demyelinating aspects of MS lesions, but more sensitive and specific methods are needed to identify axonal damage to monitor disease progression and to determine efficacy of putative neuroprotective agents. We used high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fibre tracking to examine the spinal cord in rats with focal dorsal column inflammatory or demyelinating lesions to determine whether DTI measures can be used to detect pathology at the site of the focal lesion and to measure axonal damage in tracts distal to the focal lesion. Distant from the focal lesion, total axon counts, degenerating axon counts and SMI-31 staining, but not Luxol fast blue staining, were significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity, all of which are derived from the DTI data. These data suggest that high resolution DTI may be a more sensitive method than conventional imaging for detecting axonal damage at sites distant from inflammation.
Optimal sensor location with an application to a packed bed tubular reactor (1980)

Abstract A number of approaches to the optimal selection of sensor locations are presented, and some of these are applied to determine optimal thermocouple positions in a packed bed tubular reactor. As expected, the optimal locations were found to be those surrounding the hot spot location. The theory also revealed that for good state estimation and for goodlinear quadratic control of the reactor, only one or two well located temperature measurements are necessary rather than the entire temperature profile.
Plant communities in some Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of U.P. (1960)

Floristic composition of some representative samples of some Utter Pradesh Sal forests has been worked out to differentiate the constituent plant communties and their successional trends. In all seven plants communities were recognized. Successional relationship among different communities indicate that in dry sal types Sal Anogeissus-Colebruokia and Sal-Ougeinia-Carrissa-Sida communities are lower stages which tend to progress towards Sal-Terminalia-Glycosmis community under improved biotic conditions. Similarly in moist Sal types the Sal-Ougzinia-Clebrookia community tends towards Sal-Terrninalia-Moghania community. The latter community and Sal-Lagerstroemia-Pogostermon community are more or less stable aggregations under normal conditions but occur in different climatic and forest zones and in respect of stability and maturity they occupy a corresponding position. Sal-Termninalia-Moghania community tend to change into Sal-Syzygiurn-Randia-Ageratum community under damper conditions and may thus be a post climax stage occurring in specially favourable situations.
Monoamine oxidase: isoforms and inhibitors in Parkinson's disease and depressive illness (2006)

A few years after the foundation of the British Pharmacological Society, monoamine oxidase (MAO) was recognized as an enzyme of crucial interest to pharmacologists because it catalyzed the major inactivation pathway for the catecholamine neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine (and, later, 5-hydroxytryptamine, as well). Within the next decade, the therapeutic value of inhibitors of MAO in the treatment of depressive illness was established. Although this first clinical use exposed serious side effects, pharmacological interest in, and investigation of, MAO continued, resulting in the characterization of two isoforms, MAO-A and -B, and isoform-selective inhibitors. Selective inhibitors of MAO-B have found a therapeutic role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and further developments have provided reversible inhibitors of MAO-A, which offer antidepressant activity without the serious side effects of the earlier inhibitors. Clinical observation and subsequent pharmacological analysis have also generated the concept of neuroprotection, reflecting the possibility of slowing, halting and maybe reversing, neurodegeneration in Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases. Increased levels of oxidative stress in the brain may be critical for the initiation and progress of neurodegeneration and selective inhibition of brain MAO could contribute importantly to lowering such stress. There are complex interactions between free iron levels in brain and MAO, which may have practical outcomes for depressive disorders. These aspects of MAO and its inhibition and some indication of how this important area of pharmacology and therapeutics might develop in the future are summarized in this review.
Origins of Dye-Binding Methods for Measuring Serum Albumin (2009)

Methyl orange and hydroxybenzeneazobenzoic acid (HABA), 4 introduced in the 1950s, were the first dyes for measuring serum albumin (1 ). Methyl orange never gained acceptance in clinical laboratories because of its poor specificity, whereas HABA found limited use in the 1960s. In 1967, a trainee from Panama (Osvaldo Hernandez) at the Department of Clinical Pathology of the Medical College of Alabama wanted to present a report at the AACC annual meeting in Philadelphia and asked me (B.T.D.) to give him a "project." I told him to adapt Bartholomew and Delaney's bromcresol green (BCG) method for serum albumin (2 ) to the Technicon Auto-Analyzer. Bartholomew had changed the pH of Rodkey's BCG reagent from 7.15, at which it had an absorbance of approximately 2.5 absorbance units (3 ), to a pH of 3.8. There were peaks on the AutoAnalyzer recorder, but repeatability was poor because the AutoAnalyzer coils became covered with a blue sediment-the product of the reaction of BCG with albumin, which was not water-soluble. Addition of the detergent Brij-35 to the BCG reagent (the cure for most problems with AutoAnalyzer methods) turned the color of the BCG reagent to canary yellow and eliminated the blue sediment, but the peaks on the recorder persisted. That was the birth of the BCG albumin method. The presentation at the AACC meeting was received very well by the audience, and the chairman of the session asked, "Is this method really that simple?" Indeed it was.