gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Full Performance (2006)

With increasing concern over the environment and ever-stringent emissions regulations, the electric vehicle has been investigated as an alternative form of transportation. However, the electric vehicle suffers from relatively short range and long charging times and consequently has not become an acceptable solution to the automotive consumer. The addition of an internal combustion engine to extend the range of the electric vehicle is one method of exploiting the high efficiency and lack of emissions of the electric vehicle while retaining the range and convenient refueling times of a conventional gasoline powered vehicle. The term that describes this type of vehicle is a hybrid electric vehicle. Many configurations of hybrid electric vehicles have been designed and implemented, namely the series, parallel and power-split configurations. This paper describes parallel hybrid electric vehicles that are battery dominant and have the ability to externally recharge from the wall socket. Both component selection and control strategy is discussed. Additionally, a definition of the degree of hybridization, or a description of the relative size of the electric motor to the internal combustion engine is presented. Finally the discussion will illustrate that an increasing degree of hybridization leads to higher overall vehicle efficiency, namely fuel and energy economy.
Exploration of Impinging Water Spray Heat Transfer at System Pressures Near the Triple Point (2013)

The heat transfer of a water spray impinging upon a surface in a very low pressure environment is of interest to cooling of space vehicles during launch and re-entry, and to industrial processes where flash evaporation occurs. At very low pressure, the process occurs near the triple point of water, and there exists a transient multiphase transport problem of ice, water and water vapor. At the impingement location, there are three heat transfer mechanisms: evaporation, freezing and sublimation. A preliminary heat transfer model was developed to explore the interaction of these mechanisms at the surface and within the spray.
Biomimetic Reductive Amination of Fluoro Aldehydes and Ketones <i>via</i> [1,3]-Proton Shift Reaction.<sup>1</sup> Scope and Limitations (1996)

A systematic study of azomethine-azomethine isomerizations of the N-benzylimines 2, derived from fluorinated aldehydes or ketones and benzylamine, has been made. The results reveal that, in sharp contrast to hydrocarbon analogs, fluorinated imines of 2 in triethylamine solution undergo isomerizations to give the corresponding N-benzylidene derivatives 5 (for 5/2 K > 32) in good isolated yields. The rates of the isomerizations depend on the starting imine structures and increase in the following order: aryl perfluoroalkyl ketimine 2m, per(poly)fluoroalkyl aldimine 2a,d-g, perfluoroaryl aldimine 2h, alkyl perfluoroalkyl ketimine 2i,j. The presence of chlorine or bromine atoms in the alpha-position to the C=N double bond of the starting imine favors a dehydrohalogenation reaction, giving rise to unsaturated products 6-9. The azomethine-azomethine isomerization was studied and proven to proceed essentially (>98%) intramolecularly with isotope exchange experiments. High chemical yields, the simplicity of the experimental procedure, and the low cost of all reagents employed make this biomimetic transamination of fluorocarbonyl compounds a practical method for preparing fluorine-containing amines of biological interest.
[Usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with sciatica]. (1984)

The authors report the data of the analysis in cephalo-rachidial fluid during 162 sciaticas. 52,5% cases have a normal albuminorachidia. There is a correlation between the clinical findings bur none with the evolution before punction and the albuminorachia. When it is found more than 0,40 g/l there are abnormalities on the myelographic-examination and the patients are more often operated on. In fact the analysis of the cephalo-rachidial fluid is not very useful in common sciaticas. It is necessary to follow up cases where more than five cells (by mm3) are found because they might become multiple sclerosis (3 cases one year later). A determination of the beta-2-microglobulin was performed because it is an excellent criteria of inflammation, in the cephalo-rachidial fluid. During sciatica its level is regularly normal (24 normal over 30); but is may increase in other pathological situations which, at the beginning, look like sciaticas.
Graphene Nanosheet/Ni<sup>2+</sup>/Al<sup>3+</sup> Layered Double-Hydroxide Composite as a Novel Electrode for a Supercapacitor (2011)

A hybrid chemically converted graphene nanosheet/Ni2+/Al3+ layered double-hydroxide (GNS/LDH) composite for supercapacitor material has been fabricated by a hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that Ni2+/Al3+ LDH platelets homogeneously grew onto the surfaces of the GNSs as spacers to keep the neighboring sheets separate. Electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composite exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 781.5 F/g and excellent cycle life with an increase of the specific capacitance of 38.07% after 50 cycle tests. Even after 200 cycle tests, the increase of the capacitance is 22.56% compared with the initial capacitance.
IC for interbus loop system (1998)

The present paper describes an IC for Interbus Loop System developed in BCD technology third generation. The device, called LPC2, is an ASIC fieldbus intended to simplify the direct connection of analog and digital sensors and actuators. On the same chip a Receiver and a Transmitter are integrated to communicate with the Master and the other Slaves, a Protocol State Machine to manage and elaborate the data flow, a Multifunctional User Interface for the data exchange and for the networking of sensors and actuators. The typical application is based on a clocked ring structure for easy error diagnostic and high noise immunity in a very harsh industrial environment. Two unschielded wires are used for both power supply and data transmission compatible with standard fieldbus Interbus.
A Novel Transparent TSA for Laptop and UWB Applications (2012)

A novel transparent Tapered Slot Antenna is proposed in this paper. Since the approval by the FCC in 2002, much research has been undertaken on UWB especially for wireless communications. Often times especially for devices where internet services are required, UWB is complemented with the 2.4 GHz WLAN service like in Laptops or notebooks instead of being filtered out. In this paper, a transparent Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA) covering the frequency range from 2.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz is designed and fabricated using AgHT-8 for use in Laptop applications. The antenna provides sufficient gain, reasonable efficiency and a good return loss.
The <i>RXR</i>α gene functions in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mouse cardiac morphogenesis (1998)

Germline mutation in mice of the retinoic acid receptor gene RXRalpha results in a proliferative failure of cardiomyocytes, which leads to an underdeveloped ventricular chamber and midgestation lethality. Mutation of the cell cycle regulator N-myc gene also leads to an apparently identical phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate by chimera analysis that the cardiomyocyte phenotype in RXRalpha-/- embryos is a non-cell-autonomous phenotype. In chimeric embryos made with embryonic stem cells lacking RXRalpha, cardiomyocytes deficient in RXRalpha develop normally and contribute to the ventricular chamber wall in a normal manner. Because the ventricular hypoplastic phenotype reemerges in highly chimeric embryos, we conclude that RXRalpha functions in a non-myocyte lineage of the heart to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation and accumulation, in a manner that is quantitatively sensitive. We further show that RXRalpha is not epistatic to N-myc, and that RXRalpha and N-myc regulate convergent obligate pathways of cardiomyocyte maturation.
Determination of permeability from spectral induced polarization in granular media (2010)

International audience
A versatile computer‐controlled spectrometer for hyper Rayleigh and hyper Raman spectroscopy (1975)

Abstract The construction, operation and performance of a versatile, computer‐controlled spectrometer for the observation of hyper Rayleigh and hyper Raman scattering is described. The instrument may be operated either in a single channel mode using as the detector a photomultiplier, or in a multi‐channel mode using as the detection system a high‐gain image intensifier coupled to a television camera. Typical spectra; obtained with this instrument are presented.
Combined treatment with C1 esterase inhibitor and antithrombin III improves survival in severe acute experimental pancreatitis. (1997)

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe acute pancreatitis die of complications closely related to the systemic activation of protease cascades. AIM: To examine the effects of human C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) and antithrombin III (AT III) on two experimental models of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Oedematous pancreatitis was induced by continuous intravenous infusion of caerulein and haemorrhagic pancreatitis by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. C1 INH and AT III were given intravenously, either before or after the induction of pancreatitis. Treatment with C1 INH and AT III had no beneficial effect on oedematous pancreatitis. On the other hand, combined C1 INH and AT III therapy improved the survival in haemorrhagic pancreatitis compared with treatment with human serum albumin. This reduction in mortality was found regardless of whether the treatment was given prophylactically or therapeutically. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with C1 INH and AT III represents a promising therapeutic concept for patients with severe haemorrhagic pancreatitis.
Platinum–zeolite interactions in alkaline L zeolites. Correlations between catalytic activity and platinum state (1981)

Alkaline platinum L zeolites have been studied with regard to the state of the platinum and the catalytic activity of the platinum sites in benzene hydrogenation and n-hexane dehydrocyclisation. X-ray diffraction, electron micrography and infrared studies of CO adsorption led to the conclusion that there are four types of Pt particles: large 100–600 Å particles outside the channels, crystals 10–25 Å in diameter and small metallic cylinders inside and outside the channels and very small particles in cavities, the latter giving reversible Pt carbonyl clusters upon CO adsorption. The Pt active sites in benzene hydrogenation and n-hexane dehydrocyclization (10–25 Å crystals and small cylinders) are strongly dependent upon their environment. In the absence of any acidity their activity increases with the zeolite basicity, while no electron deficiency is observed. The infrared band at 2060–2065 cm–1 of adsorbed CO suggests that Pt particles have an excess of electrons and/or typical faces, corners or edges. It is suggested that the L zeolite structure and field induced these unusual Pt state and catalytic properties.
Planar transmission line transformer using coupled microstrip lines (2002)

A novel and simple configuration of the planar transmission line transformer using coupled microstrip lines is proposed. A design methodology is also presented. The simulated and measured results demonstrate broadband impedance transformation with good efficiency for RF and microwave circuit design. The effects of the deviation from the optimal characteristic impedance and transformation ratio are investigated as well.
Transport theory of the double heterojunction bipolar transistor based on current balancing concept (1986)

The effect of the two-interface conduction-band spikes of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor on the current transport was theoretically studied. The model was based on the current-balancing concept at both the emitter-base and base-collector heterojunctions. The analytical expressions for the current-voltage characteristics and the offset voltage are derived and relate to material parameters. It is found that the back-and-forth bouncing of carriers between two potential spikes and the associated recombination loss represented by an important parameter ΔE0 play an important role in determining the transistor characteristics. The theory also reveals that in order to eliminate the offset voltage of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor, the emitter and the collector must have the same area, the electron injection efficiency at the base-collector junction must be made close to unity, and the potential spike energy ΔE1 must be smaller than ΔE0.
Impact of metal gate work function on nano CMOS device performance (2004)

We studied two effects in the metal gate work function engineering in nano CMOSFETs: (1) Gate work function shifts induced by carrier quantization in Si and Ge ultra-thin body FETs with sub-10 nm body thickness and different surface orientations. Guidelines for metal gate work function engineering are provided and technical challenges identified; (2) we presented a systematic study on gate tunneling characteristics of metal gate CMOSFETs. A reduction of gate to source/drain extension tunneling is found when using near mid-gap metal gate in SOI CMOS, especially when using high-K dielectric. Benefits of this reduction to transistor off-state leakage and to future CMOS scaling were analyzed.
Alkmene : mother of a child prodigy (2000)

This article examines depictions in ancient literature and art of the story of the snake attack on the baby Herakles, from the point of view of other affected parties, in particular his mother Alkmene. It illustrates how, in accounts by Pindar and Theokritos, Alkmene is unusually brought to the fore. A postlude draws attention to the account, found uniquely in Diodoros, of Alkmene's attempt to expose the baby after birth.
Camera Radar Fusion for Increased Reliability in ADAS Applications (2018)

Driven by the mandated adoption of advanced safety features enforced by governments around the global as well as strong demands for upgraded safety and convenience experience from the consumer side, the automotive industry is going through an intensified arms race of equipping vehicles with more sensors and boosted computation capacity. Among various sensors, camera and radar stand out as a popular combination offering complementary capabilities. As a result, camera radar fusion (or CRF in short) has been regarded as one of the key technology trends for future advanced driving assistant system (ADAS). This paper reports a camera radar fusion system developed at TI, which is powered by a broad set of TI silicon products, including CMOS radar, TDA SoC processor, FPD-Link II/III SerDes, PMIC, and so forth. The system is developed to not only showcase algorithmic benefits of fusion, but also the competitiveness of TI solutions as a whole in terms of coverage of capabilities, balance between performance and energy efficiency, and rich supports from the associated HW and SW ecosystem.
Tuning multiple arms for camptothecin and folate conjugations on star-shaped copolymers to enhance glutathione-mediated intracellular drug delivery (2015)

Multiarmed amphiphilic copolymers with drug conjugated were developed, and the composition and structure of the star-shaped miktoarms show significant effects on micelle behavior and antitumor activities.
Inhibition of NF-κB by ZAS3, a zinc-finger protein that also binds to the κB motif (2003)

The ZAS proteins are large zinc-finger transcriptional proteins implicated in growth, signal transduction, and lymphoid development. Recombinant ZAS fusion proteins containing one of the two DNA-binding domains have been shown to bind specifically to the kappaB motif, but the endogenous ZAS proteins or their physiological functions are largely unknown. The kappaB motif, GGGACTTTCC, is a gene regulatory element found in promoters and enhancers of genes involved in immunity, inflammation, and growth. The Rel family of NF-kappaB, predominantly p65.p50 and p50.p50, are transcription factors well known for inducing gene expression by means of interaction with the kappaB motif during acute-phase responses. A functional link between ZAS and NF-kappaB, two distinct families of kappaB-binding proteins, stems from our previous in vitro studies that show that a representative member, ZAS3, associates with TRAF2, an adaptor molecule in tumor necrosis factor signaling, to inhibit NF-kappaB activation. Biochemical and genetic evidence presented herein shows that ZAS3 encodes major kappaB-binding proteins in B lymphocytes, and that NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in ZAS3-deficient B cells. The data suggest that ZAS3 plays crucial functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis, at least in part by inhibiting NF-kappaB by means of three mechanisms: inhibition of nuclear translocation of p65, competition for kappaB gene regulatory elements, and repression of target gene transcription.
The G<sub>1</sub>/S Boundary-Specific Enhancer of the Rat <i>cdc2</i> Promoter (1995)

Multiple species of G1 cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are induced sequentially during G1 phase, and the expression of cyclin A and cdc2 genes is subsequently induced at the G1/S boundary. To analyze the mechanism of cdc2 promoter activation, the 5'-flanking region of the rat cdc2 gene was isolated and its structural features were characterized. The highly conserved sequence between human and rat cdc2 genes is present in the basal promoter region from positions -183 to -122, which contains the E box, SpI, and E2F motifs. The expression of 5' sequential deletion derivatives of the promoter fused to luciferase cDNA in rat 3Y1 cells revealed the presence of the enhancer element. The presumed enhancer region was further analyzed by the introduction of base substitutions and by the formation of DNA-protein complexes with cell extracts prepared at various times during the G1-to-S-phase progression. These analyses revealed that the enhancer sequence, AAGTTACAAATA, located from -276 to -265, confers strong inducibility on the basal promoter at the G1/S boundary. The base substitutions introduced into the motifs of transcription factors indicated that the E2F motif is essential for the enhancer-dependent activation of the cdc2 promoter at the G1/S boundary. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting showed that a factor which interacts with the enhancer element is induced late in G1 phase.
Utilization and control of bioactuators across multiple length scales (2013)

In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the emerging field of bioactuators across a multitude of length scales. First, we discuss the use and control of biomolecules as nanoscale actuators. Molecular motors, such as DNA, kinesin, myosin, and F1-ATPase, have been shown to exert forces in the range between 1 pN to 45 pN. Second, we discuss the use and control of single and small clusters of cells to power microscale devices. Microorganisms, such as flagellated bacteria, protozoa, and algae, can naturally swim at speeds between 20 μm s(-1) to 2 mm s(-1) and produce thrust forces between 0.3 pN to 200 pN. Individual and clustered mammalian cells, such as cardiac and skeletal cells, can produce even higher contractile forces between 80 nN to 3.5 μN. Finally, we discuss the use and control of 2D- and 3D-assembled muscle tissues and muscle tissue explants as bioactuators to power devices. Depending on the size, composition, and organization of these hierarchical tissue constructs, contractile forces have been demonstrated to produce between 25 μN to 1.18 mN.
Functional incorporation of ganglioside into intact cells: induction of choleragen responsiveness. (1976)

NCTC 2071 cells are unable to synthesize the monosialoganglioside GM1. When grown in chemically defined medium these cells contained no detectable GM1 and did not accumulate 3': 5'-cyclic AMP in response to choleragen. Incubation of the cells with [3H]GM1 permitted quantification of ganglioside uptake which was dependent on time and concentration of [3H]GM1 in the medium. Responsiveness to choleragen was demonstrated with binding of as few as 17,000 molecules of [3H]GM1 per cell; a maximal response was observed with 10(5) molecules per cell. With increasing cellular content of GM1, the rate of rise in intracellular cyclic AMP in response to choleragen was increased. With greater than 1 X 10(5) molecules of GM1 per cell, the delay between addition of choleragen and the cyclic AMP response was inversely proportional to choleragen concentration; less than 250 molecules of choleragen per cell caused a significant increase in cyclic AMP after 8 hr of incubation. Although the responsiveness of intact cells to choleragen was dependent on GM1, choleragen activation of adenylate cyclase in homogenates with 0.6 mM NAD was independent of added ganglioside. These observations are consistent with the view that exogenous ganglioside GM1 can be functionally integrated into the surface membrane of intact cells and serve as the choleragen receptor. Furthermore, although exogenous GM1 is required for choleragen responsiveness in intact cells, the ganglioside does not play an obligatory role in cell homogenates, where the surface receptor can presumably be bypassed.
A fast M-D Chandrasekhar algorithm for second order Volterra adaptive filtering (2002)

This paper presents a fast method for nonlinear filtering based on multichannel Chandrasekhar equations. By assuming that the adaptive second order Volterra filter may be transformed in a multichannel input linear filter, we present a new form of the second order Volterra filtering based a the fast multichannel Chandrasekhar algorithm. This method has a computational complexity of 3.N/sup 3/ multiplications per time instant, where N represents the memory span in number of samples of the nonlinear system model. This compares with 7.N/sup 3/ multiplications required for application of the fast Kalman filter with the same approach. A direct implementation of the RLS algorithm has a computational complexity of N/sup 6/. The adaptive filter is successfully used in a second order Volterra system identification in a stationary environment.
Implementation of a human avatar for the MARG project in networked virtual environments (2004)

The objective of the ongoing MARG project is to animate human motions captured by 15 MARG sensors in wireless networked virtual environment (NVES). Three avatars were developed previously, but none of them met all the desired requirements. The first one was overly simplistic and did not implement H-Anim standards. The other two were created using laser-scanned data and followed the H-Anim standards, but one had its adjacent joints broken and the other was capable of rotating only one joint. Therefore, the cartoon-type humanoid, Andy, was developed to meet the needs of the MARG project. The humanoid Andy implements H-Anim standards using built-in X3D humanoid nodes and is capable of controlling all its 15 joints in NVES. Another need of the MARG project was a wireless network interface for real-fl me data streaming. A concurrent client-server program implementing multitasking using TCP and UDP protocols was developed for this purpose. Using WiSER24OO.IP serial adapters between the MARG sensors and the server program adds a wireless capability to the project. The server program converts the raw MARG sensor data to quatelnions using the Quest algorithm. Multiple clients are supported by the system. Each client program receives the motion data and updates the humanoid Andy.