gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Landsat-7 Long-Term Acquisition Plan (2006)

The long-term acquisition plan (LTAP) was developed to fulfill the Landsat-7 (L7) mission of building and seasonally refreshing an archive of global, essentially cloud-free, sunlit, land scenes. The LTAP is considered one of the primary successes of the mission. By incorporating seasonality and cloud avoidance into the decision making used to schedule image acquisitions, the L7 data in the U.S. Landsat archive is more complete and of higher quality than has ever been previously achieved in the Landsat program. Development of the LTAP system evolved over more than a decade, starting in 1995. From 2002 to 2004 most attention has been given to validation of LTAP elements. We find that the original expectations and goals for the LTAP were surpassed for Landsat 7. When the L7 scan line corrector mirror failed, we adjusted the LTAP operations, effectively demonstrating the flexibility of the LTAP concept to address unanticipated needs. During validation, we also identified some seasonal and geographic acquisition shortcomings of the implementation: including how the spectral vegetation index measurements were used and regional/seasonal cloud climatology concerns. Some of these issues have already been at least partially addressed in the L7 LTAP, while others will wait further attention in the development of the LTAP for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). The lessons learned from a decade of work on the L7 LTAP provide a solid foundation upon which to build future mission LTAPs including the LDCM.
Biochemical study of resistance to imidacloprid in B biotype <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> from Guatemala (2003)

Systemic uptake bioassays using excised cotton leaves confirmed resistance to imidacloprid in a Guatemalan population of the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of naphthyl esterases identified the insects as B-types. Upon collection from the field, resistance was determined to be 58-fold relative to a susceptible strain originating in the Imperial Valley of California. Resistance levels increased to 126-fold in this population during its continuous exposure to systemically treated cotton. In biochemical investigations, there was no detectable NADPH-dependent mixed function oxidase metabolism of 14C-imidacloprid at any time during the selection process. In contrast, microsomal preparations from housefly abdomens readily produced significant amounts of the mono-hydroxy and olefin derivatives of the parent compound. Detoxification of imidacloprid by housefly MFOs may account for reports of lower toxicity of the insecticide towards this insect compared with whiteflies, despite similar binding properties between imidacloprid and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both species.
In-broker Access Control: Towards Efficient End-to-End Performance of Information Brokerage Systems (2006)

An XML brokerage system is a distributed XML database system that comprises data sources and brokers which, respectively, hold XML documents and document distribution information. However, all existing information brokerage systems view or handle query brokering and access control as two orthogonal issues: query brokering is a system issue that concerns costs and performance, while access control is a security issue that concerns information confidentiality. As a result, access control deployment strategies (in terms of where and when to do access control) and the impact of such strategies on end-to-end system performance are neglected by existing information brokerage systems. In addition, data source side access control deployment is taken-for-granted as the "right" thing to do. In this paper, we challenge this traditional, taken-for-granted access control deployment methodology, and argue that query brokering and access control are not two orthogonal issues because access control deployment strategies can have a significant impact on the "whole" system's end-to-end performance. We propose the first in-broker access control deployment strategy where access control is "pushed" from the boundary into the "heart" of the information brokerage system
Thermal Reshaping Dynamics of Gold Nanorods: Influence of Size, Shape, and Local Environment (2018)

The thermal reshaping of gold nanorods in a polymer matrix is an important phenomenon for many potential applications. However, a fundamental understanding of the various mechanisms that govern the nanorod reshaping dynamics is still lacking. Here, we provide evidence for a phenomenological model of the gold nanorod shape transformation based on the measurements and detailed analysis of the time-resolved thermal reshaping for a variety of gold nanorods having different geometries (aspect ratio, volume, diameter) in a cross-linked epoxy matrix at application relevant temperatures (120-220 °C). Our analysis suggests that (a) the nanorod reshaping dynamics consist of two temporal regimes that are governed by different phenomena and (b) the ultimate amount of reshaping at a given temperature depends strongly on the initial particle geometry and the mechanical stiffness of its surroundings. At short times, the shape transformation is dominated by a curvature-induced surface diffusion process, in which the activation energy for diffusion depends on curvature. At long times, however, the surrounding environment plays a key role in slowing the diffusion and stabilizing the nanorod shape. We show that the long-time behavior can be well described using a modified surface diffusion model that takes into account the slowing of atomic diffusivity as a result of external forces arising from mechanical constraints. The ability to tune both the final shape and the reshaping dynamics in nanocomposites opens up new possibilities in tailoring the optical properties of these materials.
SnugDock: Paratope Structural Optimization during Antibody-Antigen Docking Compensates for Errors in Antibody Homology Models (2010)

High resolution structures of antibody-antigen complexes are useful for analyzing the binding interface and to make rational choices for antibody engineering. When a crystallographic structure of a complex is unavailable, the structure must be predicted using computational tools. In this work, we illustrate a novel approach, named SnugDock, to predict high-resolution antibody-antigen complex structures by simultaneously structurally optimizing the antibody-antigen rigid-body positions, the relative orientation of the antibody light and heavy chains, and the conformations of the six complementarity determining region loops. This approach is especially useful when the crystal structure of the antibody is not available, requiring allowances for inaccuracies in an antibody homology model which would otherwise frustrate rigid-backbone docking predictions. Local docking using SnugDock with the lowest-energy RosettaAntibody homology model produced more accurate predictions than standard rigid-body docking. SnugDock can be combined with ensemble docking to mimic conformer selection and induced fit resulting in increased sampling of diverse antibody conformations. The combined algorithm produced four medium (Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions-CAPRI rating) and seven acceptable lowest-interface-energy predictions in a test set of fifteen complexes. Structural analysis shows that diverse paratope conformations are sampled, but docked paratope backbones are not necessarily closer to the crystal structure conformations than the starting homology models. The accuracy of SnugDock predictions suggests a new genre of general docking algorithms with flexible binding interfaces targeted towards making homology models useful for further high-resolution predictions.
Evidence of In Vitro Preservation of Human Nephrogenesis at the Single-Cell Level (2017)

During nephrogenesis, stem/progenitor cells differentiate and give rise to early nephron structures that segment to proximal and distal nephron cell types. Previously, we prospectively isolated progenitors from human fetal kidney (hFK) utilizing a combination of surface markers. However, upon culture nephron progenitors differentiated and could not be robustly maintained in vitro. Here, by culturing hFK in a modified medium used for in vitro growth of mouse nephron progenitors, and by dissection of NCAM<sup>+</sup>/CD133<sup>-</sup> progenitor cells according to EpCAM expression (NCAM<sup>+</sup>/CD133<sup>-</sup>/EpCAM<sup>-</sup>, NCAM<sup>+</sup>/CD133<sup>-</sup>/EpCAM<sup>dim</sup>, NCAM<sup>+</sup>/CD133<sup>-</sup>/EpCAM<sup>bright</sup>), we show at single-cell resolution a preservation of uninduced and induced cap mesenchyme as well as a transitioning mesenchymal-epithelial state. Concomitantly, differentiating and differentiated epithelial lineages are also maintained. In vitro expansion of discrete stages of early human nephrogenesis in nephron stem cell cultures may be used for drug screening on a full repertoire of developing kidney cells and for prospective isolation of mesenchymal or epithelial renal lineages for regenerative medicine.
Electromagnetic scattering by magnetic spheres (1983)

A number of unusual electromagnetic scattering effects for magnetic spheres are described. When ∊ = μ, the backscatter gain is zero; the scattered radiation is polarized in the same sense as the incident radiation. In the small-particle (or long-wavelength) limit, conditions are described for zero forward scatter, for complete polarization of scattered radiation in other directions, and for asymmetry of forward scatter to backscatter. The special case in the small-particle limit of m = 1, i.e., μ = 1/∊, provides interesting special instances of complete polarization and forward-scatter-to-backscatter asymmetry.
Heparin binding to the urokinase kringle domain (1992)

The binding of urokinase to immobilized heparin and dextran sulfate was studied using activity assays of the bound urokinase. The markedly higher binding observed with high M(r) urokinase compared to low M(r) urokinase indicated a role for the amino-terminal fragment (ATF). This was confirmed by the use of inactive truncated urokinase and monoclonal antibodies specific for the ATF in competition assays of urokinase binding. Antibody competition assays suggested a site in the kringle domain, and a synthetic decapeptide Arg-52-Trp-62 from the kringle sequence (kringle numbering convention) was competitive in assays of urokinase binding to dextran sulfate and heparin. Heparin binding to the urokinase kringle was unambiguously demonstrated via 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. Effective equilibrium association constants (K(a)*) were determined for the interaction of isolated kringle fragment and low M(r) heparin at pH 7.2. The binding was strong in salt-free 2H2O (K(a)* approximately 57 mM-1) and remained significant in 0.15 M NaCl (K(a)* approximately 12 mM-1), supporting a potential physiological role for the interaction. This is the first demonstration of a function for the kringle domain of urokinase, and it suggests that while the classical kringle structure has specificity for lysine binding, there may also exist a class of kringles with affinity for polyanion binding.
Oxygen atom transfer reactions. Epoxide deoxygenation by bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)oxomolybdenum (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen atom transfer reactions. Epoxide deoxygenation by bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)oxomolybdenumKenneth G. MoloyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 4, 677–681Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00277a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00277a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views839Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical microfiber coil delay line (2009)

The feasibility of a broadband, miniature, and low loss optical delay line composed of a coiled microfiber with several-micron radius is demonstrated theoretically. Under the introduced low-loss condition, the fundamental mode of the microfiber is shifted away and does not scatter from the interfaces with the central rod and adjacent turns. Dimensions of the designed 100 ns feedforward microfiber delay line containing 20 m of microfiber are 5 mm x 5 mm x 20 mm at the radiation wavelength 1.5 microm and can be much smaller for the recirculating loop delay line. These dimensions can be further optimized by varying the radii of the microfiber and coil. The predicted insertion loss of this device is approximately 0.004 dB/ns, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the loss achieved presently for the miniature delay lines. A curved microfiber taper is proposed as a compact, low-loss, and broadband connection to this optical delay line. The taper adiabatically converts the input fundamental mode of a straight microfiber into the shifted mode of the coiled microfiber.
Preparation and certification of human hair powder reference material. (1985)

Human hair powder reference material was prepared and certified for elemental composition. Human scalp hair (from Japanese men) was washed in a non-ionic detergent solution in an ultrasonic cleaner, dried, ground in an agate ball mill, sieved through a polyethylene net, blended, bottled (1100 vials, 2 g each), and finally sterilized by 60Co radiation. The prepared material satisfied the homogeneity criteria for a reference material. We determined trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry and investigated matrix interference effects. The material was certified by using the data obtained by various analytical techniques; certified values are provided for Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, and Zn. The elemental composition of this reference material is considered similar to normal values for the male Japanese population.
Luminescent Photoelectrochemical Cells: VII . Photoluminescent and Electroluminescent Properties of Cadmium Sulfo‐Selenide Electrodes (1982)

Samples of single crystal, n‐type emit when excited with ultra‐bandgap excitation. The 295 K bandgaps monotonically decrease with from ∼2.4 eV for to ∼1.7 eV for . Photoluminescence (PL) spectra are sharp and have band positions which vary nearly linearly with composition: . The energetic proximity to the bandgap, temperature dependence, and decay times are all consistent with a description of the PL as edge emission. Measured PL efficiencies, , are ∼10−4 in air. When the samples are used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC's) employing aqueous polysulfide electrolyte, the emission intensity can be quenched by the passage of photocurrent. The extent of quenching can be correlated with the photocurrent quantum efficiency. Electroluminescence (EL) can be initiated by using the samples as dark cathodes in aqueous, alkaline, peroxydisulfate electrolyte at potentials cathodic of ∼−0.9 to −1.1V vs. SCE. The EL spectral distribution for a given sample is similar to that observed in PL experiments and indicates that the same emissive excited state is involved. At high resolution EL and PL spectra can differ in a manner which shows evidence of self‐absorption effects: The EL spectra are slightly broader than their PL counterparts with the spectral mismatch almost exclusively in the high energy tail. This suggests that EL occurs, on average, nearer the semiconductor‐electrolyte interface. Measured EL efficiencies exceed 10−4 or 10−5 at −1.50V vs.SCE, but are smaller near the EL threshold potentials. Comparisons with values are discussed.
Amine inhibiting; how good is it (1985)

The Amine Guard ST corrosion inhibition system eliminates corrosion as a design and operating constraint, saving capital and operating costs and increasing acid gas removal capacity. The system involves two corrosion inhibitors that are initially added to the ciculating solution on parts per million to passivate the unit. Once inhibited, unit amine concentration can be increased to 30wt% MEA or 55wt%. DEA, along with higher acid gas loadings, without incurring corrosion. Continuous reclaiming is eliminated with MEA since absence of corrosion removes the need. Two limitations apply to Amine Guard ST inhibitors; hydrogen sulfide to carbon dioxide ratio in sour gas or liquid must be at least one part in 200, and the system must be free of aluminum, zinc and copper, including such alloys as ''Monel'', cupro-nickel and brass which destroy the inhibitor and are destroyed by it.
Altered binding of mutated presenilin with cytoskeleton‐interacting proteins<sup>1</sup> (1999)

The majority of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are linked to mutations on presenilin 1 and 2 genes (PS1 and PS2). The normal function of the proteins and the mechanisms underlying early-onset AD are currently unknown. To address this, we screened an expression library for proteins that bind differentially to the wild-type PS1 and mutant in the large cytoplasmic loop (PS1L). Thus we isolated the C-terminal tail of the 170 kDa cytoplasmic linker protein (CLIP-170) and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease-expressed intermediate filament-associated protein (Restin), cytoplasmic proteins linking vesicles to the cytoskeleton. PS1L binding to CLIP-170/restin requires Ca(2+). Treating cells with thapsigargin or ionomycin increased the mutated PS1 in CLIP-170 immunoprecipitates. Further, PS1 and CLIP-170 co-localize in transfected cells and neuronal cultures.
A Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide as a Versatile NMR Alignment Medium for the Measurement of Residual Dipolar Couplings in Methanol (2017)

Residual dipolar coupling (RDC) is a powerful structural parameter for the determination of the constitution, conformation, and configuration of organic molecules. Herein, we report the first liquid crystal-based orienting medium that is compatible with MeOH, thus enabling RDC acquisitions of a wide range of intermediate to polar organic molecules. The liquid crystals were produced from self-assembled oligopeptide nanotubes (AAKLVFF), which are stable at very low concentrations. The presented alignment medium is highly homogeneous, and the size of RDCs can be scaled with the concentration of the peptide. To assess the accuracy of the RDC measurement by employing this new medium, seven bioactive natural products from different classes were chosen and analyzed. The straightforward preparation of the anisotropic alignment sample will offer a versatile and robust protocol for the routine RDC measurement of natural products.
The use of individualized booklets after a stroke (1990)

An attempt was made to maintain or improve the level of independence in stroke patients going home from hospital by giving them individually orientated booklets to help them retain the skills acquired in hospital. These contained information on their condition, consequent problems and the rehabilitation measures specific to each patient, illustrated with pertinent photographs. Measures of independence and social functioning were used at discharge and three months later to assess any difference in outcome between a group which was issued booklets and a group which was not. There was no statistically significant difference between the physical and social functioning of the trial and control groups, but many subjects felt the booklets had been of help.
Spectral and Dynamic Properties of Excitons and Biexcitons in Type-II Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2010)

Using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, we analyze single and multiexciton emission energies and decay dynamics of CdS/ZnSe core/shell nanocrystals (NCs). The NCs exhibit a characteristic type-II band alignment that leads to spatially separated charges; this effect is at the origin of long radiative exciton lifetimes, repulsive biexciton interaction energies, and reduced Auger recombination efficiencies. We determine these properties as a function of ZnSe shell thickness and find that the exciton emission energies and the decay times depend little on this parameter. In contrast, the spectral and dynamic properties of biexcitons vary strongly with the shell thickness. The considerable shell dependence of the biexciton decay lets us conclude that the associated Auger process involves the excitation of holes localized in the ZnSe shell. In NCs with thick shells, the large blue shift of the biexciton emission energy is mainly caused by Coulomb repulsion between electrons localized in the CdS core. The different sensitivity of exciton and multiexciton characteristics on the ZnSe shell thickness provides a unique opportunity to tune them independently.
Silica Coating of Water-Soluble CdTe/CdS Core-Shell Nanocrystals by Microemulsion Method (2007)

Using Te powder as a tellurium source and Na2S as a sulfur source, core-shell CdTe/CdS NPs were synthesized at 50C. UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to probe the effect of CdS passivation on the CdTe quantum dots. As the thickness of CdS shell increases, there is a red-shift in the optical absorption spectra, as well as the PL spectra. The broadening absorption peaks and PL spectra indicate that the size distributions of CdTe/CdS NPs widen increasingly with the increase of CdS coverage. The PL spectra also show that the fluorescence intensity of CdTe QDs will increase when the particles are covered with CdS shell with ratio of S/Te less than 1.0, otherwise it will decrease if the ratio of S/Te is larger than 1.0. Furthermore, the (CdTe/CdS)@SiO2 particles were prepared using a water-in-oil microemulsion method at room temperature in which hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate leads to the formation of monodispersed silica nanospheres. The obtained (CdTe/CdS)@SiO2 particles show bright photoluminescence with their fluorescence intensity being enhanced 18.5% compared with that of CdTe NPs. TEM imaging shows that the diameter of these composite particles is 50 nm. These nanoparticles are suitable for biomarker applications since they are much smaller than cellular dimensions.