gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise as a Trigger for Headaches: Relationship Between Exposure and Sensitivity (2006)

The findings are consistent with the proposition that 1 etiological pathway to suffering from frequent headaches is via trying to avoid, or escape from, potential trigger factors. These results suggest that the traditional clinical advice to headache patients, that the best way to prevent migraine/headache is to avoid the triggers, runs the risk of establishing an insidious sensitization process thereby increasing headache frequency.
All advanced stage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a polymerase chain reaction amplifiable breakpoint of bcl-2 have residual cells containing the bcl-2 rearrangement at evaluation and after treatment (1991)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of bcl-2 provides an extremely sensitive method to detect minimal disease in approximately 50% of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In an attempt to determine the clinical usefulness of this technique, we examined the bone marrow (BM) of 152 patients with advanced-stage NHL at the time of evaluation and after induction or salvage chemotherapy before autologous BM transplantation. The BM proved to be an accessible and reproducible tissue source to determine PCR positivity because all of the 102 patients examined had the same PCR-amplifiable breakpoint in their BM and lymph node. At the time of evaluation, PCR analysis in advanced-stage NHL patients added little additional information to morphologic analysis because each technique identified BM infiltration in approximately 70% of patients. PCR was significantly more useful in determining BM infiltration after induction or salvage therapy. At that time, approximately 50% of patients had morphologically normal BM, whereas PCR analysis remained positive in 100% of those with an amplifiable breakpoint. These observations were confirmed in a clinical trial attempting to induce remission in previously untreated low-grade advanced-stage NHL patients. In this series, PCR was positive in all patients after treatment although the BM was histologically uninvolved in 50% of cases, showing that conventional therapy did not eradicate bcl-2-positive cells.
AXIAL CAPACITY OF SUCTION PILES IN SAND (1994)

In the marine environment, the use of suction pressure for the installation of sealed top piles (suction piles) is a promising alternative to using driven pile foundations, particularly in deep water. Section pressures may also be used to increase the axial tensile load capacity of suction piles. A testing program was developed to study the behaviour of suction piles under a variety of installation and pullout conditions using an instrumented double-walled pile. All testing of the model pile was performed in a laboratory test tank containing fine-grained sand. The measurements of pore water pressures indicated that liquefaction occurred during installation. During rapid pullout, a substantial transient increase in the tensile load capacity of the pile was measured. This increase was caused mainly by a pressure differential that developed under the pile top, and an increase in external side shear. Different rates of tensile loading, including cyclic loading, were used to study how the capacity of the suction pile developed.
Fabrication of low loss polymer waveguides using injection moulding technology (1993)

Singlemode polymer waveguides with low transmission loss at 1300 nm are fabricated by using injection moulding as low cost mass replication technology for the fabrication of polymer waveguide substrates. The waveguide pattern is incorporated in the substrates in the form of grooves which are filled by fully deuterated EGDMA. First buried singlemode waveguides have been realised with a transmission loss as low as 0.3 dB/cm at 1300nm.
Manipulating the Hydrocarbon Selectivity of Copper Nanoparticles in CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction by Process Conditions (2014)

Abstract The formation of ethylene in CO 2 electroreduction over rough copper electrodes is often explained by the presence of specific surface crystal steps, edges and defects. We demonstrate that an identical electrode covered with copper nanoparticles can yield either predominantly ethylene or methane, depending on the electrolyte concentration and applied CO 2 pressure. Calculations of the pH near the electrode surface suggest that ethylene formation is favored by a relatively high (local) pH. Furthermore, the conditions leading to the formation of significant amounts of methane result in rapid deterioration of hydrocarbon production rates, whereas electrode performance in conditions favoring ethylene production can be sustained for hours. This study substantially alters the mechanistic interpretation of formation of ethylene over rough copper surfaces and implies that applied process conditions inducing pH variations near the electrode surface need to be taken into consideration.
QUBO formulations for training machine learning models (2021)

Training machine learning models on classical computers is usually a time and compute intensive process. With Moore's law nearing its inevitable end and an ever-increasing demand for large-scale data analysis using machine learning, we must leverage non-conventional computing paradigms like quantum computing to train machine learning models efficiently. Adiabatic quantum computers can approximately solve NP-hard problems, such as the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), faster than classical computers. Since many machine learning problems are also NP-hard, we believe adiabatic quantum computers might be instrumental in training machine learning models efficiently in the post Moore's law era. In order to solve problems on adiabatic quantum computers, they must be formulated as QUBO problems, which is very challenging. In this paper, we formulate the training problems of three machine learning models-linear regression, support vector machine (SVM) and balanced k-means clustering-as QUBO problems, making them conducive to be trained on adiabatic quantum computers. We also analyze the computational complexities of our formulations and compare them to corresponding state-of-the-art classical approaches. We show that the time and space complexities of our formulations are better (in case of SVM and balanced k-means clustering) or equivalent (in case of linear regression) to their classical counterparts.
Clustering Vehicle Maneuver Trajectories Using Mixtures of Hidden Markov Models (2018)

The safety of autonomous vehicles needs to be verified and validated by rigorous testing. It is expensive to test autonomous vehicles in the field, and therefore virtual testing methods are needed. Generative models of maneuvers such as cut-ins, overtakes, and lane-keeping are needed to thoroughly test the autonomous vehicle in a virtual environment. To train such models we need ground truth maneuver labels and obtaining such labels can be time-consuming and costly. In this work, we use a mixture of hidden Markov models to find clusters in maneuver trajectories, which can be used to speed up the labeling process. The maneuver trajectories are noisy, asynchronous and of uneven length, which make hidden Markov models a good fit for the data. The method is evaluated on labeled data from a test track consisting of cut-ins and overtakes with favorable results. Further, it is applied to natural data where many of the clusters found can be interpreted as driver maneuvers under reasonable assumptions. We show that mixtures of hidden Markov models can be used to find motion patterns in driver maneuver data from highways and country roads.
Studies on sulfur diffusion into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films (2000)

A systematic study was carried out to investigate the distribution of sulfur (S) in CuInSe2 (CIS) and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorbers which were exposed to an H2S atmosphere at elevated temperature. Results demonstrated that S diffusion into CIS layers was a strong function of the original stoichiometry of the absorber before sulfurization. Sulfur inclusion into Cu-rich CIS films was much more favorable compared to S diffusion in Cu-poor layers. The sulfur distribution profile was also strongly influenced by the micro-structure of the original CIS and CIGS layers, with sections of the films with smaller grains accommodating more S. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propylene/Propane Mixture Separation Characteristics and Stability of Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes (2015)

Propylene/propane mixture separation properties of high quality carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes prepared on mesoporous γ-alumina supports were studied at different feed pressures (up to 100 psia), feed compositions, and permeation temperatures. The membrane exhibits a mixture propylene/propane selectivity of above 30 under the studied conditions, with no plasticization effect observed at feed pressures up to 100 psia (∼700 kPa). Temperature dependences of the permeance and selectivity suggest a diffusion dominated mechanism for the permeation and separation of propylene/propane through the CMS membrane. The propylene/propane separation characteristics tend to stabilize after a decline in gas permeance and an increase in propylene/propane selectivity while on stream of propylene/propane mixture for 10 days. The initial changes in separation properties of the CMS membrane are due to the reduction in the effective pore size caused by oxygen chemisorption and physical aging of the pore structure. CMS membranes can be preaged under proper conditions to stabilize the structure and separation performance for practical separation application.
Los Alamos National Laboratory scientific interactions with the Former Soviet Union (1995)

The Los Alamos National Laboratory has a wide-ranging set of scientific interactions with technical institutes in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Many of these collaborations, especially those in pure science, began long before the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union. This overview will, however, focus for the most part on those activities that were initiated in the last few years. This review may also serve both to indicate the broad spectrum of US government interests that are served, at least in part, through these laboratory initiatives, and to suggest ways in which additional collaborations with the FSU may be developed to serve similar mutual interests of the countries involved. While most of the examples represent programs carried out by Los Alamos, they are also indicative of similar efforts by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. There are indeed other Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, and many of them have active collaborative programs with FSU institutes. However, the laboratories specifically identified above are those with special nuclear weapons responsibilities, and thus have unique technical capabilities to address certain issues of some importance to the continuing interests of the United States and the states of the Former Soviet Union. Building on pre-collapse scientific collaborations and contacts, Los Alamos has used the shared language of science to build institutional and personal relationships and to pursue common interests. It is important to understand that Los Alamos, and the other DOE weapons laboratories are federal institutions, working with federal funds, and thus every undertaking has a definite relationship to some national objective. The fertile areas for collaboration are obviously those where US and Russian interests coincide.
A comparison of pain measurement characteristics of mechanical visual analogue and simple numerical rating scales (1994)

Numerical rating scales and mechanical visual analogue scales (M-VAS) were compared for their capacity to provide ratio scale measures of experimental pain. Separate estimates of experimental pain sensation intensity and pain unpleasantness were obtained by each method, as were estimates of clinical pain. Orofacial pain patients made numerical scale and VAS ratings in response to noxious thermal stimuli (45-51 degrees C) applied for 5 sec to the forearm by a contact thermode. The derived stimulus-response function was well fit as a power function only in the case of sensory M-VAS. The power function derived from sensory M-VAS ratings predicted temperatures chosen as twice as intense as standard temperatures of 47 degrees C and 48 degrees C, thereby providing evidence for ratio scale characteristics of M-VAS. The stimulus-response function derived from sensory numerical ratings differed from that obtained with M-VAS and did not provide accurate predictions of temperatures perceived as twice intense at 47 degrees C or 48 degrees C. Both M-VAS and numerical rating scales produced reliably different stimulus response functions for pain sensation intensity as compared to pain unpleasantness and both provided consistent measures of experimental and clinical pain intensity. Finally, both mechanical and pencil-and-paper VAS produced very similar stimulus-response functions. The ratio scale properties of M-VAS combined with its ease of administration and scoring in clinical settings offer the possibility of a simple yet powerful pain measurement technology in both research and health care settings.
Inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway by the novel antimetastatic agent NAMI‐A down regulates c‐<i>myc</i>gene expression and endothelial cell proliferation (2002)

Imidazolium trans-imidazoledimethyl sulfoxide-tetrachlororuthenate (NAMI-A) is a novel ruthenium-containing experimental antimetastatic agent. Compelling evidence ascribes a pivotal role to endothelial cells in the orchestration of tumor angiogenesis and metastatic growth, suggesting antiangiogenic therapy as an attractive approach for anticancer treatment. In this context, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway has been found fundamental in transducing extracellular stimuli that modulate a number of cellular process including cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Here we show that exposure of the transformed endothelial cell line ECV304 to NAMI-A significantly inhibited DNA synthesis, as well as the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigene (PCNA). These responses were associated with a marked down-regulation of ERK phosphorylation in serum-cultured cells. In addition, NAMI-A markedly reduced serum stimulated- and completely suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-triggered MAPK/ERK kinase activity. NAMI-A was also able to inhibit the phosphorylation of MEK, the upstream activator of ERK, and, similar to both the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X and the MAPK/ERK (MEK) inhibitor PD98059, it completely counteracted PMA-induced ERK phosphorylation. Finally, NAMI-A and PD98059 down regulated c-myc gene expression to the same extent in serum-cultured cells and dose-dependently counteracted, and ultimately abolished, the increase in c-myc gene expression elicited by PMA in serum-free cells. These results suggest that inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling by NAMI-A may have an important role in modulating c-myc gene expression and ECV304 proliferation.
SULT1A1 genotype, active and passive smoking, and breast cancer risk by age 50 years in a German case–control study (2005)

We found no evidence that the SULT1A1 genotype in itself modifies breast cancer risk associated with smoking in women up to age 50 years. In combination with NAT2 fast acetylator status, however, the SULT1A1*1/*1 genotype might increase breast cancer risk in women exposed to tobacco smoke.
Long-Term Treatment with Liraglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist, Has No Effect on β-Amyloid Plaque Load in Two Transgenic APP/PS1 Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

One of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cerebral deposits of extracellular β-amyloid peptides. Preclinical studies have pointed to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors as a potential novel target in the treatment of AD. GLP-1 receptor agonists, including exendin-4 and liraglutide, have been shown to promote plaque-lowering and mnemonic effects of in a number of experimental models of AD. Transgenic mouse models carrying genetic mutations of amyloid protein precursor (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS1) are commonly used to assess the pharmacodynamics of potential amyloidosis-lowering and pro-cognitive compounds. In this study, effects of long-term liraglutide treatment were therefore determined in two double APP/PS1 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease carrying different clinical APP/PS1 mutations, i.e. the 'London' (hAPPLon/PS1A246E) and 'Swedish' mutation variant (hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9) of APP, with co-expression of distinct PS1 variants. Liraglutide was administered in 5 month-old hAPPLon/PS1A246E mice for 3 months (100 or 500 ng/kg/day, s.c.), or 7 month-old hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice for 5 months (500 ng/kg/day, s.c.). In both models, regional plaque load was quantified throughout the brain using stereological methods. Vehicle-dosed hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice exhibited considerably higher cerebral plaque load than hAPPLon/PS1A246E control mice. Compared to vehicle-dosed transgenic controls, liraglutide treatment had no effect on the plaque levels in hAPPLon/PS1A246E and hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice. In conclusion, long-term liraglutide treatment exhibited no effect on cerebral plaque load in two transgenic mouse models of low- and high-grade amyloidosis, which suggests differential sensitivity to long-term liraglutide treatment in various transgenic mouse models mimicking distinct pathological hallmarks of AD.
Learning to learn online (2010)

Online resources are playing an increasingly important role in veterinary undergraduate education and lifelong learning. The challenge is to know where to search for useful, authoritative and comprehensive information without wasting time aimlessly browsing the web. Nick Short, head of the e‐Media Unit at the Royal Veterinary College, gives a brief overview of some of the sites available
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Treated by Mohs Surgery Review of the Treatment Results of 179 Cases from the Mohs Melanoma Registry (1997)

For thin and intermediate melanoma thicknesses treatment by either method appears to be equally efficacious. For deep melanomas, the number of cases were insufficient to evaluate. Further study of this high-risk category is warranted.
Secure and simplified access to home appliances using Iris recognition (2009)

Moving towards an dasiaalways-onpsila, dasiamobilepsila and technology driven lifestyle, people are demanding greater technical triumph to make life more exciting, convenient and trouble-free. Automation at home has already started catering to this growing need. Another major motivating factor for this is the prospect of higher energy efficiency, greater control on home from remote locations and the decreasing cost of network-controlled home appliances. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for accessing home appliances over the Internet using secure communication channel offered by secure socket layer (SSL) with mandatory certificate verification, perform user authentication using iris image, and then hash the biometric data to provide an impregnable three-factor security to the biometric data as well as user instructions while in transit between the user terminal and the home appliance. Additionally, we propose the use of a single authentication server for multiple residences, that would store users' sensitive biometric data, perform authentication, access control and quality of service, thereby reducing cost, effort, user dependability and improve security, acceptability and user-friendliness of home automation universally, together with SIP and UPnP protocols. The proposed approach proves to be more effective because of its well integrated three levels of security, less equal error, very small hash code used for authentication, lower computational complexity while matching, and thus, very fast response.
Development of a “Continuous-Flow Adhesion Cell” for the Assessment of Hydrogel Adhesion (1999)

The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro perfusion technique or "continuous-flow adhesion cell" model to predict the in vivo performances of different mucoadhesive drug delivery systems based on hydrogels. Two studies were performed, either using a rabbit small intestine or a polyethylene surface; the adhesion of four gels--two poly(acrylic acid)s (PAAs) (carbomer [CM] and polycarbophil [PC]), an ethyleneoxide-propyleneoxide block copolymer (Poloxamer 407 [PM]), and a polysaccharide (scleroglucane [SG])--were evaluated. In this respect, scleroglucane was used as a control. The adhesiveness of the different gels for both supports is in accordance with that described in the literature, that is, polycarbophil adhered more strongly than carbomer, which itself adhered more strongly than poloxamer. This study proved that the gels adhere more strongly to the polyethylene tube than to the rabbit small intestine, thus indicating that evidence for adhesion properties does not need any presence of mucus. Therefore, our in vitro model could be a good method, more precise and more simple than an ex vivo technique, to predict the bioadhesion of gelified devices.
Effects of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 on the proliferation of CD34+ and CD34- blasts from acute myelogenous leukemia (1991)

We studied the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 on the growth of leukemic blasts from 40 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients were selected on the basis of negativity for a series of B-cell antigens including CD10 and CD19. Twenty-one cases were CD34- positive (CD34+) (greater than 15% of blasts) and the remaining 19 were CD34-negative (CD34-) (less than 3% of blasts). IL-4 alone (100 U/ml) could stimulate either DNA synthesis (with greater than 2.0 stimulation index) or leukemic blast colony formation in 24 of 40 AML patients. In the presence of other growth factors, IL-4 showed divergent effects on IL-3-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-, or erythropoietin-dependent colony formation. These effects of IL-4 were observed in both CD34+ and CD34- AML cases. IL-6 (100 U/mL) alone could not stimulate DNA synthesis and blast colony formation except for one CD34+ case. On the other hand, IL- 6 showed synergistic effects on IL-3- and IL-4-dependent blast colony formation in 10 of 12 and 7 of 9 CD34+ AML cases, respectively. Among CD34- AML cases, such synergism was seen only in 1 of 12 cases for IL-3- dependent colony formation and in 3 of 7 cases for IL-4-dependent colony formation. The divergent effect of IL-4 and the synergistic effect of IL-6 were also observed in purified CD34+ leukemic blast populations, indicating that these phenomena are not mediated by accessory cells. The present study suggests that IL-4, alone or in combination with other growth factors, has divergent effects on the growth of AML progenitors irrespective of the CD34 expression, and that IL-6 acts synergistically with IL-3 or IL-4 on the growth of leukemic progenitors preferentially in CD34+ AML.