gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music (1999)

When Speech and Audio Signal Processing published in 1999, it stood out from its competition in its breadth of coverage and its accessible, intutiont-based style. This book was aimed at individual students and engineers excited about the broad span of audio processing and curious to understand the available techniques. Since then, with the advent of the iPod in 2001, the field of digital audio and music has exploded, leading to a much greater interest in the technical aspects of audio processing.This Second Edition will update and revise the original book to augment it with new material describing both the enabling technologies of digital music distribution (most significantly the MP3) and a range of exciting new research areas in automatic music content processing (such as automatic transcription, music similarity, etc.) that have emerged in the past five years, driven by the digital music revolution.New chapter topics include:Psychoacoustic Audio Coding, describing MP3 and related audio coding schemes based on psychoacoustic masking of quantization noiseMusic Transcription, including automatically deriving notes, beats, and chords from music signals.Music Information Retrieval, primarily focusing on audio-based genre classification, artist/style identification, and similarity estimation.Audio Source Separation, including multi-microphone beamforming, blind source separation, and the perception-inspired techniques usually referred to as Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA).
The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease (2015)

The basophil activation test (BAT) has become a pervasive test for allergic response through the development of flow cytometry, discovery of activation markers such as CD63 and unique markers identifying basophil granulocytes. Basophil activation test measures basophil response to allergen cross-linking IgE on between 150 and 2000 basophil granulocytes in <0.1 ml fresh blood. Dichotomous activation is assessed as the fraction of reacting basophils. In addition to clinical history, skin prick test, and specific IgE determination, BAT can be a part of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with food-, insect venom-, and drug allergy and chronic urticaria. It may be helpful in determining the clinically relevant allergen. Basophil sensitivity may be used to monitor patients on allergen immunotherapy, anti-IgE treatment or in the natural resolution of allergy. Basophil activation test may use fewer resources and be more reproducible than challenge testing. As it is less stressful for the patient and avoids severe allergic reactions, BAT ought to precede challenge testing. An important next step is to standardize BAT and make it available in diagnostic laboratories. The nature of basophil activation as an ex vivo challenge makes it a multifaceted and promising tool for the allergist. In this EAACI task force position paper, we provide an overview of the practical and technical details as well as the clinical utility of BAT in diagnosis and management of allergic diseases.
Concurrent NetCore (2014)

In a Software-Defined Network (SDN), a central, computationally powerful controller manages a set of distributed, computationally simple switches. The controller computes a policy describing how each switch should route packets and populates packet-processing tables on each switch with rules to enact the routing policy. As network conditions change, the controller continues to add and remove rules from switches to adjust the policy as needed.
The inhibitor of calcium activated neutral proteinase is an anti-meiotic agent. The spermicidal and anti-viral action. (1995)

In situ cytogenetic morphology and analysis showed that Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-infected Raji and EBV-producing P3HR-1 cells divide by meiosis and follow the life cycle of malignant cells in vitro. Meiosis was documented by the presence of condensed chromosomes, "o" chromosome, nuclear vlimata (NVs), NV invasion, extrusion of chromosomes, chromosomal transfer, metaphase fusion and aneuploidy. EBV-Raji, EBV-producing P3HR, HIV1-infected MOLT-4 cells (dividing by meiosis) and human spermatozoa (cellular products of meiosis) were highly sensitive to the endogenous inhibitor (CANP-I) of calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP). CANP-I-treated virally infected and virus producing cells showed necrosis and disappearance of immunofluorescent viral antigens, documenting the anti-viral action of CANP-I. CANP-I-treated spermatozoa exhibited arrested motility with subsequent necrosis documenting the in vitro spermicidal action of CANP-I. The testis of treated Wistar rats with 0.25 U CANP-I/gr body weight for six days, were devoid of spermatozoa, with pronounced toxicity and exfoliation of spermatocytes and spermatids, indicating the contraceptive action of CANP-I via spermatogenetic arrest. It is concluded that CANP-I is an anti-meiotic agent inhibiting CANP associated with meiosis. Hence CANP-I is a promising agent against various diseases involving meiosis.
VASOMOTOR NERVE FIBRES TO THE MAMMARY GLANDS OF THE CAT AND DOG (1950)

1. The existence of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres in the spinal nerves to the mammary glands of the cat and dog has been demonstrated in experiments involving blood flow measurements, plethysmography, perfusion of the isolated gland, and microscopical examination of the living vessels. 2. In the cat, vasoconstriction was only observed in the small arteries and arterioles, vessels which, on histological examination, were found to have much smooth muscle in the medial coat and were innervated by fine unmyelinated nerve fibres. 3. The nerve endings concerned are thought to be adrenergic, because— ( a ) adrenaline has the same action in very small doses; ( b ) their effects are unaffected by eserine, atropine and nicotine; ( c ) are potentiated by cocaine and tannic acid; ( d ) abolished or reversed by ergot preparations. 4. No convincing evidence has been obtained of the existence of active vasodilator fibres in the spinal nerves studied, or of parasympathetic innervation of the mammary gland. 5. The mammary blood vessels are very sensitive to cooling, to which they react by vasoconstriction. 6. Two types of spontaneous volume waves seen in plethysmograph experiments are described and their causes discussed.
Two-dimensional smart detector arrayfor interferometric applications (2001)

A 58 × 58 pixel CMOS detector array for on-chip amplitude demodulation on all pixels in parallel is presented. Optical signals can be detected at Doppler frequencies of 1 kHz up to 1 MHz, with a dynamic range of 57 dB, and at a pixel readout rate of up to 3 MHz.
Hole Injection in Germanium-Quantitative Studies and Filamentary Transistors* (1949)

Holes injected by an emitter point into thin single-crystal filaments of germanium can be detected by collector points. From studies of transient phenomena the drift velocity and lifetimes (as long as 140 microseconds) can be directly observed and the mobility measured. Hole concentrations and hole currents are measured in terms of the modulation of the conductivity produced by their presence. Filamentary transistors utilizing this modulation of conductivity are described.
Gas chimney detection based on improving the performance of combined multilayer perceptron and support vector classifier (2008)

Abstract. Seismic object detection is a relatively new field in which 3-D bodies are visualized and spatial relationships between objects of different origins are studied in order to extract geologic information. In this paper, we propose a method for finding an optimal classifier with the help of a statistical feature ranking technique and combining different classifiers. The method, which has general applicability, is demonstrated here on a gas chimney detection problem. First, we evaluate a set of input seismic attributes extracted at locations labeled by a human expert using regularized discriminant analysis (RDA). In order to find the RDA score for each seismic attribute, forward and backward search strategies are used. Subsequently, two non-linear classifiers: multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vector classifier (SVC) are run on the ranked seismic attributes. Finally, to capitalize on the intrinsic differences between both classifiers, the MLP and SVC results are combined using logical rules of maximum, minimum and mean. The proposed method optimizes the ranked feature space size and yields the lowest classification error in the final combined result. We will show that the logical minimum reveals gas chimneys that exhibit both the softness of MLP and the resolution of SVC classifiers.
Case Based Evaluation of Component Deterioration for Facility Maintenance (1996)

Abstract With the advances of automation and integration, manufacturing becomes increasingly dependent upon facilities. Providing appropriate maintenance is, therefore, essential to achieve effective production. For planning maintenance strategy, it is necessary to know potential deterioration of the facility which may leads to various problems. In this paper, we propose a case based approach to the prediction of potential deterioration. Occurrences of deterioration are represented in terms of deterioration processes which are combinations of basic mechanisms. The evaluation is carried out by extracting subsets of deterioration cases which could occur at the specified area of the facility, and combining them to form the potential deterioration process. Effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by an experimental system.
Assessment of foot perfusion in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer (2016)

Assessment of foot perfusion is a vital step in the management of patients with diabetic foot ulceration, in order to understand the risk of amputation and likelihood of wound healing. Underlying peripheral artery disease is a common finding in patients with foot ulceration and is associated with poor outcomes. Assessment of foot perfusion should therefore focus on identifying the presence of peripheral artery disease and to subsequently estimate the effect this may have on wound healing. Assessment of perfusion can be difficult because of the often complex, diffuse and distal nature of peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes, as well as poor collateralisation and heavy vascular calcification. Conventional methods of assessing tissue perfusion in the peripheral circulation may be unreliable in patients with diabetes, and it may therefore be difficult to determine the extent to which poor perfusion contributes to foot ulceration. Anatomical data obtained on cross-sectional imaging is important but must be combined with measurements of tissue perfusion (such as transcutaneous oxygen tension) in order to understand the global and regional perfusion deficit present in a patient with diabetic foot ulceration. Ankle-brachial pressure index is routinely used to screen for peripheral artery disease, but its use in patients with diabetes is limited in the presence of neuropathy and medial arterial calcification. Toe pressure index may be more useful because of the relative sparing of pedal arteries from medial calcification but may not always be possible in patients with ulceration. Fluorescence angiography is a non-invasive technique that can provide rapid quantitative information about regional tissue perfusion; capillaroscopy, iontophoresis and hyperspectral imaging may also be useful in assessing physiological perfusion but are not widely available. There may be a future role for specialized perfusion imaging of these patients, including magnetic resonance imaging techniques, single-photon emission computed tomography and PET-based molecular imaging; however, these novel techniques require further validation and are unlikely to become standard practice in the near future.
Engineering aggregation-resistant proteins by directed evolution (2006)

A method was recently described for selecting aggregation-resistant antibody domains. A repertoire of domains displayed on filamentous bacteriophage were heated/cooled and selected for binding to the affinity ligand protein A specific for the folded domains. Here we describe a generalization of the method based on the selection for retained phage infectivity and for the binding of an appended sequence tag, and applicable to any protein displayable in multivalent form on phage.
Isocyanates, Organic (2000)

Abstract Isocyanates are highly reactive compounds which have found wide utilities in synthetic transformations and industrial applications. These materials are synthesized by reaction of primary aliphatic or aromatic amines and phosgene (carbonyl dichloride) to form carbamoyl chlorides which are subsequently pyrolyzed to the desired isocyanates. A characteristic reaction of isocyanates and alcohols to form carbamates (urethanes) has been used for the qualitative identification of the latter. Extension of this reaction to difunctional isocyanates and difunctional or polyfunctional alcohols is the basis of the polyurethane industry, with products ranging from flexible and rigid insulating foams to thermoplastic elastomers, coatings, and adhesives, as well as a variety of automotive and recreational products. p ‐Toluenesulfonyl isocyanate is used in the synthesis of drugs for diabetics. A unique feature of isocyanates is their tendency to oligomerize or polymerize in presence of catalysts. In addition, isocyanates easily form adducts with carbodiimides, isothiocyanates, ketenes, or with substrates containing activated or bonds. Low boiling isocyanates are strong lachrymators and irritants. Several isocyanates and their precursors have been identified as mutagens. Guidelines for safe handling of isocyanates are discussed. Vol. 14, pp. 902–934, 100 refs. to January 15, 1993.
Development of Evolution Program for Dynamic Channel Assignment in Wireless Telecommunication Network (2001)

There is a rapidly growing demand for wireless telecommunication. However, the number of usable channel is very limited. Therefore, the problem of channel assignment becomes more and more important to use channels as efficiently as possible. The objective of this paper is to develop an evolution program (EP) to find an efficient dynamic channel assignment method for minimum interference among the channels within reasonable time. The series of specific channel number is used as a representation of chromosome. The only changed chromosomes by crossover and mutation are evaluated in each generation to save computation time and memory for the progress of improved EP. We can easily differentiate the fitness value of each chromosome using proposed evaluation function. We also control the weighting factor of the mutation rate and the used number of elitist chromosomes for the speed of convergence to the optimal solution.
Application of weakly ionized plasmas for materials sampling and analysis (1991)

The use of weakly ionized plasmas as spectroscopic sources for materials sampling and analysis is reviewed. Plasma sources currently used for this purpose include direct-current and alternating-current plasmas, inductively coupled plasmas, microwave-induced plasmas, surface-wave plasmas, capacitively coupled plasmas, capacitive microwave plasmas, glow discharges, flowing afterglows, theta pinch discharges, exploding films and wires, and laser-produced plasmas. The authors give a summary of relevant characteristics of some of the plasma sources. Included are the source, common method of application, approximate detection limit for that method, applicability for solid sampling, susceptibility to matrix effects, approximate cost, and the most common usage for the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Geological mapping using GPR and differential GPS positioning: a case study</title> (2002)

To ease geological investigations with GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) in rough terrain, the GPR equipment can be combined with a carrier-phase DGPS (Differential GPS). As traditional communication with GPS (with e.g., the NMEA protocol) involves an inherent time delay, a new method has been constructed to synchronize the measuring with GPS and GPR units in which the GPS is transmitting a trig signal to the GPR. The results of this case study clearly shows that combining GPR- and DGPS-measurements gives an investigation without need of initial land surveying or clearing of obstacles and vegetation. The investigation also gives information of the topography, which allows for a volume estimation of the investigated target, in this case a limestone layer.
Black Phosphorus Mid-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Integrated with Silicon Photonic Waveguides (2020)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on III-V/II-VI materials have delivered a compelling performance in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region, which enabled wide-ranging applications in sensing, including environmental monitoring, defense, and medical diagnostics. Continued efforts are underway to realize on-chip sensors via heterogeneous integration of mid-IR emitters on a silicon photonic chip, but the uptake of such an approach is limited by the high costs and interfacial strains, associated with the processes of heterogeneous integrations. Here, the black phosphorus (BP)-based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are exploited as room-temperature LEDs. The demonstrated devices emit linearly polarized light, and the spectra cover the technologically important mid-IR atmospheric window. Additionally, the BP LEDs exhibit fast modulation speed and exceptional operation stability. The measured peak extrinsic quantum efficiency is comparable to the III-V/II-VI mid-IR LEDs. By leveraging the integrability of vdW heterostructures, we further demonstrate a silicon photonic waveguide-integrated BP LED.
A Fully Decentralized File System Cache for the CernVM-FS (2010)

Scientific computing often takes place on globally scattered resources. The CernVM web file system supports such scenarios. It was designed to easily retrieve files from the web server that provides the CERN software distributions. In this paper, we extend the CernVM file system. We propose a distributed algorithm to retrieve cached data from the memory of participating peers. Users at the same department shall thereby experience a greatly reduced access latency. Our system forms a cache layer on top of the read-only CernVM-FS. It is fully decentralized and resilient to node churn. It gathers and shares information about file presence in the local network. Each peer can independently decide how much load it is willing to take.
A graph layout algorithm for drawing metabolic pathways (2001)

This paper presents a new algorithm for drawing pathways which uses a combination of circular, hierarchic and force-directed graph layout algorithms to compute positions of the graph elements representing main compounds and reactions. The algorithm is particularly designed for cyclic or partially cyclic pathways or for combinations of complex pathways. It has been tested on five sample pathways with promising results.
Novel Mechanism for Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Endocytosis Revealed by Protein Kinase A Inhibition (2002)

Current models put forward that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is efficiently internalized via clathrin-coated pits only in response to ligand-induced activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase and is subsequently directed into a lysosomal-proteasomal degradation pathway by mechanisms that include receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Herein, we report a novel mechanism of EGFR internalization that does not require ligand binding, receptor kinase activity, or ubiquitylation and does not direct the receptor into a degradative pathway. Inhibition of basal protein kinase A (PKA) activity by H89 and the cell-permeable substrate peptide Myr-PKI induced internalization of 40-60% unoccupied, inactive EGFR, and its accumulation into early endosomes without affecting endocytosis of transferrin and mu-opioid receptors. This effect was abrogated by interfering with clathrin function. Thus, the predominant distribution of inactive EGFR at the plasma membrane is not simply by default but involves a PKA-dependent restrictive condition resulting in receptor avoidance of endocytosis until it is stimulated by ligand. Furthermore, PKA inhibition may contribute to ligand-induced EGFR endocytosis because epidermal growth factor inhibited 26% of PKA basal activity. On the other hand, H89 did not alter ligand-induced internalization of EGFR but doubled its half-time of down-regulation by retarding its segregation into degradative compartments, seemingly due to a delay in the receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Our results reveal that PKA basal activity controls EGFR function at two levels: 1) residence time of inactive EGFR at the cell surface by a process of "endocytic evasion," modulating the accessibility of receptors to stimuli; and 2) sorting events leading to the down-regulation pathway of ligand-activated EGFR, determining the length of its intracellular signaling. They add a new dimension to the fine-tuning of EGFR function in response to cellular demands and cross talk with other signaling receptors.
Bacteriological survey of sixty health foods (1979)

A bacteriological survey was performed on 1,960 food samples encompassing 60 types of health foods available in the Baltimore-Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. No consistent bacteriological distinction (aerobic plate counts, total coliform and fecal coliform most probable numbers) was observed between foods labeled as organic (raised on soil with compost or nonchemical fertilizer and without application of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides) and their counterpart food types bearing no such label. Types and numbers of samples containing Salmonella were: sunflower seeds, 4; soy flour, 3; soy protein powder, 2; soy milk powder, 1; dried active yeast, 1; brewers' years, 1; rye flour, 1; brown rice, 1; and alfalfa seeds,1. The occurrence of this pathogen in three types of soybean products should warrant further investigation of soybean derivatives as potentially significant sources of Salmonella.
Gate delay calculation considering the crosstalk capacitances (2004)

In this paper, we present a new technique for calculating the output waveform of CMOS drivers for cross-coupled RC loads. The proposed technique is based on an effective capacitance calculation for each driver and an efficient, provably convergent, iterating scheme between the coupled drivers. Our technique can easily handle different input arrival times, transition times, and polarities, and can be extended to multiple cross-coupled drivers in a straightforward manner. Experimental results show that the new technique exhibits high accuracy (less than 4% error in average).