gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host Cell Contact-Induced Transcription of the Type IV Fimbria Gene Cluster of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> (2004)

Type IV pili (Tfp) of gram-negative species share many characteristics, including a common architecture and conserved biogenesis pathway. Much less is known about the regulation of Tfp expression in response to changing environmental conditions. We investigated the diversity of Tfp regulatory systems by searching for the molecular basis of the reported variable expression of the Tfp gene cluster of the pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Despite the presence of an intact Tfp gene cluster consisting of four genes, apfABCD, no Tfp were formed under standard growth conditions. Sequence analysis of the predicted major subunit protein ApfA showed an atypical alanine residue at position -1 from the prepilin peptidase cleavage site in 42 strains. This alanine deviates from the consensus glycine at this position in Tfp from other species. Yet, cloning of the apfABCD genes under a constitutive promoter in A. pleuropneumoniae resulted in pilin and Tfp assembly. Tfp promoter-luxAB reporter gene fusions demonstrated that the Tfp promoter was intact but tightly regulated. Promoter activity varied with bacterial growth phase and was detected only when bacteria were grown in chemically defined medium. Infection experiments with cultured epithelial cells demonstrated that Tfp promoter activity was upregulated upon adherence of the pathogen to primary cultures of lung epithelial cells. Nonadherent bacteria in the culture supernatant exhibited virtually no promoter activity. A similar upregulation of Tfp promoter activity was observed in vivo during experimental infection of pigs. The host cell contact-induced and in vivo-upregulated Tfp promoter activity in A. pleuropneumoniae adds a new dimension to the diversity of Tfp regulation.
Vacancies in wurtzite GaN and AlN (2008)

Vacancies in wurtzite GaN and AlN are studied using a computational method which is based on the density functional theory (DFT) and takes into account the errors arising from use of finite-sized supercells and the DFT band gap underestimation. Negatively charged N vacancies in GaN and AlN are found to be stable, with formation energies similar to and higher than those of Ga and Al vacancies in n-type material under Ga- and Al-rich growth conditions, respectively. The localization and energies of the defect levels close to the computational conduction band edge are considered in detail.
Cloud bank: A multiple clouds model and its use in MR brain image segmentation (2009)

We present improvements to a recently proposed model-based segmentation strategy, called Clouds. We demonstrate the usefulness of the new model Cloud Bank in the automatic MR-image segmentation of the brain (without medulla and spinal cord), the cerebellum, and each brain hemisphere. These structures are connected in several parts, imposing serious challenges for segmentation. The results indicate that the new model is a fast and accurate tool to eliminate user's intervention or, at least, reduce it to simple corrections, in the context of brain image segmentation.
<i>N</i>‐heterocyclic carbene complexes of Rh(I) and electronic effects on catalysts for 1,2‐addition of phenylboronic acid to aldehydes (2010)

Abstract 1,3‐Diarylsubstituted imidazolinium salts, (NHC‐H)Cl, 3, containing hydrogen or alkyl groups at the 4,5‐positions of the imidazolidine ring, served as precursors to rhodium(I) complexes [RhCl(NHC)COD], 4, which were converted into cis ‐[RhCl(NHC)(CO) 2 ] complexes, 5. All compounds prepared were characterized by elemental analyses, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. The relative σ‐donor/π‐acceptor strength of the NHC ligands was determined by means of IR spectroscopy of 5. The ability of NHCs in 4 to enchance activity was explored in the 1,2‐addition of phenylboronic acid to aldehydes. A good correlation was observed between catalytic activity and the electron‐donating power of the NHC ligands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and affinity isolation of xenoreactive human natural antibodies. (1994)

Natural Abs, which are thought to provide an initial defense against invasive microorganisms, include isohemagglutinins, anti-phosphatidylcholine Abs, and anti-alpha-galactose Abs. We have evaluated the physiologic properties of the fraction of human natural Abs that bind to porcine endothelial cells and that would, as a result, initiate the rejection of a porcine organ transplanted into a human. The concentration of xenoreactive IgM in the serum varied widely in the population (5 to 105 micrograms/ml), but was highly dependent on the concentration of IgM in the serum (r = 0.85). Despite this variation and the potential diversity of epitopes recognized, human xenoreactive natural Abs exhibited surprisingly homogeneous binding characteristics, both in one individual and in the population. The apparent avidity determined by using a direct ELISA yielded a functional dissociation constant of 10(-8) M to 10(-10) M, depending on the temperature used. This high functional Kd apparently results from polyvalent interactions between the IgM and the porcine cell surface. Although the xenoreactive IgMs were absorbed by structurally diverse molecules such as ssDNA and thyroglobulin, about 80% of the xenoreactive Abs were specific for the terminal alpha-galactose determinant. A method was developed for affinity isolation of xenoreactive natural Abs by using a thermal extraction procedure. The method quantitatively accounts for all xenoreactive IgM, yielding functional IgM as evidenced by Ag binding and complement activation. Given the overlapping specificity of xenoreactive Abs in the population and the homogeneity of the functional Kd, the natural humoral immunologic barrier to xenotransplantation may be far less formidable than previously thought.
Decoding by Linear Programming (2005)

This paper considers the classical error correcting problem which is frequently discussed in coding theory. We wish to recover an input vector $f \in \R^n$ from corrupted measurements $y = A f + e$. Here, $A$ is an $m$ by $n$ (coding) matrix and $e$ is an arbitrary and unknown vector of errors. Is it possible to recover $f$ exactly from the data $y$? We prove that under suitable conditions on the coding matrix $A$, the input $f$ is the unique solution to the $\ell_1$-minimization problem ($\|x\|_{\ell_1} := \sum_i |x_i|$) $$ \min_{g \in \R^n} \| y - Ag \|_{\ell_1} $$ provided that the support of the vector of errors is not too large, $\|e\|_{\ell_0} := |\{i : e_i \neq 0\}| \le ρ\cdot m$ for some $ρ> 0$. In short, $f$ can be recovered exactly by solving a simple convex optimization problem (which one can recast as a linear program). In addition, numerical experiments suggest that this recovery procedure works unreasonably well; $f$ is recovered exactly even in situations where a significant fraction of the output is corrupted.
"The First Thing We Do . . .": The ABA's Resolution on CERCLA Reauthorization (1994)

s motion to strike defense premature because questions of both fact and law remained unresolved).11 See Arizona v. Motorola
Shakespeare Dead and Alive (1981)

Shakespeare's texts are alive on the stage, as part of living images of life itself. New revelations are registered with each theatrical season as actors, designers, directors, musicians and managers collaborate in the endless quest for productions that will engage their audiences. But, in our minds, as we respond to performances, there is a still more various and intimate life. All theatrical realities and limitations may be forgotten, as the plays are recreated in our imaginations, drawing on whatever we have experienced or dreamed before that time of performance. An exhilarating interplay between these elements-Shakespeare's text, its theatrical enactment and our own thoughts and feelings—can transport us into a fabulous world, full of surprises and deep pleasures. This book is about that process.
DRY NEEDLING FOR MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINT PAIN: A CLINICAL COMMENTARY. (2015)

5.
Dynamic vision sensor camera based bare hand gesture recognition (2011)

This paper proposes a method to recognize bare hand gestures using a dynamic vision sensor (DVS) camera. Different from conventional cameras, DVS cameras only respond to pixels with temporal luminance differences, which can greatly reduce the computational cost of comparing consecutive frames to track moving objects. Due to differences in available information, conventional vision techniques for gesture recognition may not be directly applicable in DVS based applications. This paper attempts to classify three different hand gestures made by a player during rock-paper-scissors game. We propose novel methods to detect the point where the player delivers a throw, to extract hand regions, and to extract useful features for machine learning based classification. Preliminary results show that our method produces enhanced accuracy of hand gesture recognition.
Pedersen fetuin contains three adipogenic factors with distinct biochemical characteristics (1990)

Crude Pedersen fetuin, derived from fetal bovine serum, contains adipogenic activity. Biochemical characterization was undertaken by following the differentiation of the 1246 adipogenic cell line. The present paper provides evidence that crude fetuin contains distinct proteins with adipogenic activity. By molecular sieve fractionation using Sephacryl S-300, the majority of adipogenic activity eluted in two distinct peaks, FI (molecular weight greater than 669 kDa) and FII (molecular weight ranging from 445 and 232 kDa). In addition a minor activity was found in a third peak, FIII (molecular weight around 69 kDa). Partial purification and biochemical characterization indicate that FI and FII are two distinct factors. FI has a PI higher than 9.4, is destroyed by alkaline treatment, and is stable when treated with acid. FII has a PI lower than 4.0, is alkali stable, but is destroyed completely by treatment with acid. Moreover, our data show that adipogenic factors are distinct from another protein alpha 2 macroglobulin known to be found in crude Pedersen fetuin. These results suggest that serum contains two large molecular weight proteins bearing adipogenic activity which could play an important role in the control of the adipose differentiation process.
Nitrogen Utilization and Ruminal Fermentation in Steers Fed Soybean Meal Treated with Formaldehyde (1985)

Four rumen-fistulated steers averaging 400 kg in body weight were used in a 4 X 4 Latin square arrangement with 18-d periods to investigate the effect of treating soybean meal (SBM) with formaldehyde on nitrogen (N) utilization and ruminal fermentation. Experimental diets, on a dry matter basis, consisted of 42% corn silage, 48.5% cracked corn-mineral mixture and 9.5% SBM treated with 0, .3, .6 or .9% formaldehyde by weight. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were not affected by treatment. Formaldehyde treatment of SBM resulted in a linear decrease in N digestibility (P less than .005) and urinary N excretion (P less than .01) and a quadratic increase (P less than .05) in N retention. The depression in apparent N digestibility was small when SBM was treated with .3% formaldehyde. This level of formaldehyde treatment also had little effect on in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of SBM. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations were lower (P less than .05) in steers fed formaldehyde-treated SBM. Ruminal pH was lower (P less than .05) at 6 and 8 h postfeeding while volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher (P less than .05) at 8 and 12 h postfeeding for steers fed untreated SBM. Propionic acid (mol/100 mol) decreased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing level of formaldehyde treatment. Urea-N concentrations in plasma were decreased (P less than .001) and plasma-free essential amino acid concentrations were increased (P less than .10) by formaldehyde treatment. Ruminal disappearance of N from polyester bags containing the SBM supplements was greatly reduced (P less than .005) by formaldehyde treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the use of tied-mixture distributions (1993)

Tied-mixture (or semi-continuous) distributions are an important tool for acoustic modeling, used in many high-performance speech recognition systems today. This paper provides a survey of the work in this area, outlining the different options available for tied mixture modeling, introducing algorithms for reducing training time, and providing experimental results assessing the trade-offs for speaker-independent recognition on the Resource Management task. Additionally, we describe an extension of tied mixtures to segment-level distributions.
&#x201C;Knock! Knock! Who is it?&#x201D; probabilistic person identification in TV-series (2012)

We describe a probabilistic method for identifying characters in TV series or movies. We aim at labeling every character appearance, and not only those where a face can be detected. Consequently, our basic unit of appearance is a person track (as opposed to a face track). We model each TV series episode as a Markov Random Field, integrating face recognition, clothing appearance, speaker recognition and contextual constraints in a probabilistic manner. The identification task is then formulated as an energy minimization problem. In order to identify tracks without faces, we learn clothing models by adapting available face recognition results. Within a scene, as indicated by prior analysis of the temporal structure of the TV series, clothing features are combined by agglomerative clustering. We evaluate our approach on the first 6 episodes of The Big Bang Theory and achieve an absolute improvement of 20% for person identification and 12% for face recognition.
n-Channel polymer thin film transistors with long-term air-stability and durability and their use in complementary inverters (2011)

We report an investigation of the stability and durability of p- and n-channel polymer thin film transistors in air over a 4-year period. All-polymer p/n complementary inverters fabricated from an n-channel poly(benzobisimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) transistor and a p-channel poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) transistor showed excellent switching characteristics and a large voltage gain. The electrical parameters (electron mobility, on/off current ratio, and threshold voltage) of the n-channel BBL transistors in air were found to be constant over the 4 years. The performance of the p-channel P3HT transistors deteriorated dramatically after only 2 weeks in air. The excellent stability/durability of the BBL transistors in air is explained by the closely-packed crystalline morphology which creates a kinetic barrier against diffusion of extrinsic molecules and its high electron affinity that provides energetic stability against chemical/electrochemical reactions. The results demonstrate the longest air-stability and durability of non-encapsulated organic electronic devices to date while offering insights for the design of more environmentally rugged organic semiconductors.
Radio Receiver Design (2024)

Provides a fundamental understanding of current as well as future concepts and techniques essential for systematically defining and manufacturing a receiver that is flexible yet functional in today's world. An excellent introduction to communications and the role of receivers in conveying information.
Evidence of Photoinduced Charge Separation in the Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Herein, we describe the photochemical behavior of the porous metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2), built up from cyclic Ti(8)O(8)(OH)(4) oxoclusters and 2-aminoterephthalate ligands. While MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2) does not emit upon excitation at 420 nm, laser flash photolyses of dry samples (diffuse reflectance) or aqueous suspensions (transmission) of the solid have allowed detecting a transient characterized by a continuous absorption from 390 to 820 nm decaying in the sub-millisecond timescale, which is quenched by oxygen. This transient has been attributed to the charge-separation state. Firm evidence for this assignment was obtained by lamp irradiation of aqueous suspensions of MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2) in the presence of electron-donor (N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) or electron-acceptor (methylviologen) probe molecules, which has allowed the visual detection of the corresponding radical ions, in agreement with the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation in MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2).
Magnetic core–shell-structured nanoporous organosilica microspheres for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides: improved catalytic activity and facile catalyst recovery (2012)

New magnetic core–shell-structured nanoporous organosilica microspheres consisting of a Fe3O4 core and an organosilica shell with a built-in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) moiety were synthesized through surfactant-directed self-assembly on surface. The structure and composition of the material thus-designed were confirmed by N2 sorption, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, etc. Such composite microspheres possess highly open mesopores (1.6 nm) in the shell, moderate surface area, tunable shell thickness, uniform morphology, high magnetization as well as good coordination ability toward Pd. The catalytic activity test with the Suzuki–Miyaura couplings of challenging aryl chlorides reveals that this Pd-coordinated material is highly active for a wide range of substrates, suggesting highly promising application potentials of the magnetic core–shell-structured nanoporous organosilica. In particular, the catalyst derived from this material is superior to NHC-functionalized MCM-41 microspheres and a commercial Pd/C catalyst in terms of activity and recovery. The catalytic activity enhancement effects may be attributable to the purposely designed core–shell structure with significantly decreased diffusion depth, which is crucial for designing high-performance solid catalysts.
Factor affecting to job satisfaction of officers of Sri Lanka Agriculture Service (SLAgS) in Sri Lanka (2017)

Job satisfaction of agricultural functionariesworking under DOA is pre requisite for the goalof the DOA. On this background, this studyattempts to recognize job satisfactionperception by officers of SLAgS working in theDepartment of Agriculture. The data werecollected from SLAgS officers of the DoA such asROs, AOs, Lectures and SMSs through pretested questioner. Job satisfaction wasmeasured by employing five points Likert-scalewith 15 statements expressing different aspectsof job satisfaction. SLAgS officers jobsatisfaction was low. Majority of SLAgS officerssatisfied abut motivational factors such asguidance given by superiors to improve theirjob, freedom and flexibility for carrying out thejob, opportunities to utilize their personal skilland mutual understanding with the co-workerswhile they did not satisfy about hygiene factorslike present salary for the commensurate withtheir work and position, paid salary relation toeducational qualification, performanceassessment methods, distance from office tohouse, facilities availability, recognition andreward for their creative work, opportunitiesfor higher education and training, flexibility toengage with family responsibilities, children'seducation etc. and availability of promotionaccording to performance. Further, majority ofthe respondents were in the category of notsatisfaction to highly dissatisfied level.
Effect of UV-B radiation on the fatty acid composition of the marine phytoplankter Tetraselmis sp.. relationship to cellular pigments (1994)

The effect of UV-B (280 to 320 nm) radiation on the fatty acid and pigment composition of Tetraselmis sp. was examined as part of a larger effort to understand the possible consequences of an enhancement in natural levels of UV-B radiation on photosynthetic processes in marine phytoplankton. At levels that still permitted the assimilation of carbon within the cell, UV-B radiation induced a rapid increase in intracellular carotenoids and a marked decline in chlorophyll a. Absolute concentrations of fatty a c ~d s within the cells were lower in presence of IJV-B, attributable largely to suppression of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis. The suppression of PUFAs by UV-B radiation and the inability of the cells to produce these compounds in the dark suggests that over a die1 cycle, if natural phytoplankton are exposed to UV-B radiation during the day, the cells may be incapable of restoring the cellular balance of fatty acids during the night. Amongst the PUFAs, the production of 16:4 was highly susceptible to UV-B radiation. In contrast, the production of the saturated fatty acid 16:O continued unabated in the presence of UV-B radiation. The carbon weight ratio of 16:O to 1 6 4 related well with the dose of UV-B radiation and appears to be a promising indicator of UV-B induced stress in green algae. A hypothesis explaining the selective suppression of cellular PUFA synthesis, in particular that of 16:4 by UV-B, is presented and discussed in relation to concurrent changes in intracellular pigments. The implications of enhanced UV-B radiation on the marine food chain and on biogeochemical cycling in the sea are discussed in the light of these findings.
Positive Bromine from Perfluorinated N-Bromoimides<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPositive Bromine from Perfluorinated N-Bromoimides1Albert L. Henne and William F. ZimmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1103–1104Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views384Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts