gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tape Speed Servo Control for Portable DCC (1994)

In developing a portable DCC (digital compact cassette) system, electrical and mechanical improvements were introduced in order to enhance resistance to shock and to rolling, while preserving portability and light weight. The control frequency range of the motor was widened, mainly through the use of a newly developed motor and servo processor, to enhance resistance to rolling and enable stable tape transport. Furthermore, stepped control of the motor rotation speed was adopted to ensure the detection of control signals recorded on the tape in tape search mode, including signals to increase or decrease tape speed.
Effect of salinity on water relations and growth of wheat genotypes with contrasting sodium uptake (2002)

Four wheat genotypes with contrasting degrees of Na<sup>+</sup> exclusion were selected to see if low Na<sup>+</sup> uptake had an adverse effect on water relations or growth rates during exposure to saline conditions. Plants were grown in supported hydroponics with and without 150 mM NaCl, and sampled for measurements of water relations, biomass, stomatal conductance, and ion accumulation. After 4 weeks exposure to salt, biomass was reduced in all genotypes to a similar extent (about 50%), with the effect of salinity on relative growth rate confined largely to the first week. There was little difference between genotypes in the effect of salinity on water relations, as indicated by their relative water content and estimated turgor. Osmotic adjustment occurred in all genotypes, with one of the low-Na<sup>+</sup> genotypes having the greatest adjustment. In the low-Na<sup>+</sup> genotypes, osmotic adjustment depended on higher K<sup>+</sup> and high organic solute accumulation. Stomatal conductance of all genotypes was reduced by saline conditions, but the reduction was greater in the low-Na<sup>+</sup> genotypes. These genotypes also showed a larger fall in the value of carbon isotope discrimination measured in expanding leaves, indicating a greater transpiration efficiency when exposed to saline conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements failed to indicate damage to photochemical pathways in either high- or low-Na<sup>+</sup> genotypes. These data indicate that selecting lines with low Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation for the purpose of improving salt tolerance is unlikely to introduce limitations for osmotic adjustment.
Role of metastable charge states in a quantum-dot spin-qubit readout (2015)

The authors present an experimental mechanism for converting the state of a spin qubit in a quantum dot device into different charge states. This mechanism depends on metastable charge states present when the device has very asymmetric couplings to the external leads. This approach is used to observe Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg oscillations of the (S-${T}_{+}$) qubit.
Blind digital tuning for interference cancellation in full-duplex radio (2014)

To make full-duplex radios, the most fundamental challenge known today is self-interference cancellation. This paper takes a new look at digitally controlled all-analog interference cancellation channel consisting of clustered taps (c-taps) of step-attenuators and other passive components such as RF power combiners and dividers. The performance of such a cancellation channel is robust to carrier frequency and attenuation-dependent phases of attenuators. Without the cost for and the errors from down-converting the input RF waveforms of any of the attenuators, a blind digital tuning algorithm based on the residual interference waveforms collected during a training phase is shown to be promising.
Fragmentations of Protonated Arginine, Lysine and Their Methylated Derivatives:  Concomitant Losses of Carbon Monoxide or Carbon Dioxide and an Amine (2005)

The fragmentation pathways of protonated arginine, protonated N(alpha),N(alpha)-dimethylarginine, the N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethylarginine ion, three protonated N(epsilon),N(epsilon)-dimethyllysines, and three permanent lysine ions in which the charge is fixed by trimethylation are reported. Ion assignment was facilitated by (15)N-labeling and deuterium substitution. The chemistries are dominated by charge-induced elimination of the amino groups as neutrals, including dimethylamine, trimethylamine and guanidine. Competitive losses of the alpha-amino and side-chain amino groups were observed; these losses led to intermediates that had different structures and different subsequent dissociation reactions. Concomitant losses of CO or CO(2) with these amines were also commonly observed. However, the ionic products of amine losses did not subsequently lose CO or CO(2), suggesting strongly that in these concomitant eliminations, it is the CO or CO(2) that was first eliminated, followed immediately by the loss of the amine. Results of density functional theory calculations on protonated arginine and protonated N(alpha),N(alpha)-dimethylarginine reveal that, in such concomitant eliminations, the dissociating complex is vibrationally hot and the intermediate ion formed by losing CO or CO(2) can immediately dissociate to eliminate the amine.
Altered pattern of light transmittance and resistance to AMPA‐induced swelling in the dentate gyrus of the epileptic hippocampus (2000)

Glutamate receptor–mediated changes in light transmittance were imaged in the dentate gyri of the epileptic hippocampi, taken from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and the rat pilocarpine model, to investigate epilepsy-associated alterations in activity-induced cell swelling. A static pattern of light transmittance corresponded to the layered structure of dentate gyrus and reflected epilepsy-associated alterations. Hypoosmotic stress produced more than 35% of dynamic changes in the increase of light transmittance as a reflection of osmotic swelling in the epileptic dentate gyri. This degree of increase was not different from the increase observed in control dentate gyri, suggesting that the capability of osmotically regulating cell volume was preserved in the epileptic dentate gyri. In contrast, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA) induced activity-dependent swelling and an increase in light transmittance by 60.5% in the control dentate gyri, whereas the degree of increase in the epileptic dentate gyri remained 17.9% in response to AMPA. Selective attenuation of light transmittance in response to AMPA in the epileptic but not control dentate gyri suggested a possible alteration in the swelling properties of the epileptic dentate gyri that are linked to the AMPA receptor activation. Surviving cells in the epileptic hippocampus may have a mechanism of downregulating neuronal activity-dependent swelling to maintain optimal cell volume during repeated network hyperexcitation in epilepsy. Hippocampus 2000;10:663–672. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spectral-smoothing and pedestal reduction of wavelength tunable quasi-adiabatically compressed femtosecond solitons using a dispersion-flattened dispersion-imbalanced loop mirror (1999)

A dispersion-flattened dispersion imbalanced nonlinear optical loop mirror is used to smooth the spectrum and reduce the pedestal of tunable femtosecond solitons generated via pulse compression in a dispersion-flattened dispersion decreasing fiber. Transform-limited pulses with durations less than 210 fs and peak-to-pedestal ratios greater than 40 dB are obtained over a wavelength range of 32 nm at a repetition rate of 10 GHz.
Steady Progress of Colloidal Quantum Dot LED (QLED) Technologies (2011)

State of the art colloidal quantum dot LED structures are advancing both the QLED efficiencies and the operating lifetimes. The talk will contrast advantages of DC-driven and AC-driven QLED structures.
[Receptors for factors of the VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Family)]. (1997)

Growth factors of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family comprises 4 well characterized members that play a crucial role in the biology of blood vessels. They interact with 3 high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (FLT1/VEGFR1, FLK1/KDR/VEGFR2, FLT4/VEGFR3). VEGF/VEGFR interactions have essential functions in blood vessel formation during development, specific phases of adult life, and in some pathological processes with neo-vascularization such as tumor growth.
Genetic Heterogeneity in Peruvian Leishmania Isolates (1989)

Leishmania were isolated from Peruvian patients with uta or espundia; genomic DNA was examined for restriction fragment length differences by Southern blot analysis using DNA probes for beta-tubulin and for the major surface antigen gp63. Using 5 different restriction endonucleases, Peruvian isolates show homogeneity when examined at the beta-tubulin locus. In contrast, the organisms demonstrated heterogeneity both within and between disease groups when examined for restriction site differences within the gp63 locus. The differences observed did not correlate with the 2 disease groups. Comparison of these Peruvian isolates to New World reference strains of the Leishmania braziliensis complex reveals no consistent pattern of identity with either L. b. guyanensis, L. b. panamensis, or L. b. braziliensis.
Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System: Part 1: Fundamental Considerations (1993)

The world market for systems for power recovery from low-grade heat sources is of the order of £1 billion per annum. Many of these sources are hot liquids or gases from which conventional power systems convert less than 2.5 per cent of the available heat into useful power when the fluid is initially at a temperature of 100° C rising to 8–9 per cent at an initial temperature of 200°C. Consideration of the maximum work recoverable from such single-phase heat sources leads to the concept of an ideal trilateral cycle as the optimum means of power recovery. The trilateral flash cycle (TFC) system is one means of approaching this ideal which involves liquid heating only and two-phase expansion of vapour. Previous work related to this is reviewed and details of analytical studies are given which compare such a system with various types of simple Rankine cycle. It is shown that provided two-phase expanders can be made to attain adiabatic efficiencies of more than 75 per cent, the TFC system can produce outputs of up to 80 per cent more than simple Rankine cycle systems in the recovery of power from hot liquid streams in the 100–200°C temperature range. The estimated cost per unit net output is approximately equal to that of Rankine cycle systems. The preferred working fluids for TFC power plants are light hydrocarbons.
A Zigbee-Based Wearable Physiological Parameters Monitoring System (2010)

The design and development of a Zigbee smart noninvasive wearable physiological parameters monitoring device has been developed and reported in this paper. The system can be used to monitor physiological parameters, such as temperature and heart rate, of a human subject. The system consists of an electronic device which is worn on the wrist and finger, by an at-risk person. Using several sensors to measure different vital signs, the person is wirelessly monitored within his own home. An impact sensor has been used to detect falls. The device detects if a person is medically distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors. The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness. A prototype of the device has been fabricated and extensively tested with very good results.
Developmental failure of chimeric embryos expressing high levels of H-2Dd transplantation antigens. (1992)

The absence of expression of class I products of the major histocompatibility complex at early stages of development is thought to play a key role in maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft. To test this, we developed a strategy that would allow us to describe the consequences of overexpression of the H-2Dd transplantation antigen in the developing embryo. A construct containing the H-2Dd gene under control of the human beta-actin promoter was transfected into pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. Particularly in this case, since overexpression of major histocompatibility complex class I gene products may profoundly affect embryonic development, an important advantage of the ES cell system is the ability to analyze gene expression and study effects on cell growth and differentiation in vitro. ES cells do not constitutively express beta 2-microglobulin. Consistent with this, H-2Dd H chains expressed by ES cell transformants were not associated with beta 2-microglobulin or transported to the cell surface. Significant levels of beta 2-microglobulin and H-2Dd membrane glycoproteins were expressed following differentiation in vitro. H-2Dd-transfected ES cells gave rise to a wide range of differentiated cell types, and there was no evidence to suggest that expression of the introduced H-2Dd gene affects the differentiation abilities of ES cells in vitro. When introduced into blastocysts, H-2Dd-transfected ES cells extensively contribute to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, but this results in the failure of chimeric conceptuses at midgestation. Considering that transgenic chimeras cannot be rescued by transfer into syngeneic foster females, it seems likely that nonimmunological mechanisms are responsible for these prenatal lethalities.
PCR detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in necrotising non-granulomatous lymphadenitis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue: a study in Thai patients (2009)

Using PCR, a significant percentage (28%) of cases of necrotising non-granulomatous lymphadenitis in this study could be attributed to M tuberculosis. PCR for identification of the organism can be extremely helpful in confirming a diagnosis of tuberculosis when Ziehl-Neelsen staining is negative.
Photocatalytic Degradation of a Gaseous Organic Pollutant (1998)

A simple and effective method to demonstrate the phenomenon of photocatalytic degradation of a gaseous organic pollutant was developed. Titanium dioxide (anatase) was used as the photocatalyst, and sunlight was found to be an effective light source for the activation of TiO2. The organic pollutant degrade in this demonstration was a common indoor air pollutant, dichloromethane. The TiO2 powder was suspended in a 3:7 ethanol/water solution, and then coated on microscopic slides. The slides together with appropriate indicators were place in 250-mL conical flasks. A small amount of the volatile dichloromethane solvent was injected into each flask, and the flasks were sealed with a piece of parafilm. Some of the flasks were exposed to direct sunlight, and some were kept in the dark. The degradation products of dichloromethane were carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen chloride. Formation of the acidic HCl gas could be monitored easily by two indicators, the universal pH paper and ammonia. The universal pH paper would change color from green to red in the presence of HCl and H2O, while HCl would react with ammonia to form a white fume. The results of this demonstration showed that both TiO2 and light were required in this photocatalytic degradation process.
Structural and mechanistic basis of the EMC-dependent biogenesis of distinct transmembrane clients (2020)

Membrane protein biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is complex and failure-prone. The ER membrane protein complex (EMC), comprising eight conserved subunits, has emerged as a central player in this process. Yet, we have limited understanding of how EMC enables insertion and integrity of diverse clients, from tail-anchored to polytopic transmembrane proteins. Here, yeast and human EMC cryo-EM structures reveal conserved intricate assemblies and human-specific features associated with pathologies. Structure-based functional studies distinguish between two separable EMC activities, as an insertase regulating tail-anchored protein levels and a broader role in polytopic membrane protein biogenesis. These depend on mechanistically coupled yet spatially distinct regions including two lipid-accessible membrane cavities which confer client-specific regulation, and a non-insertase EMC function mediated by the EMC lumenal domain. Our studies illuminate the structural and mechanistic basis of EMC's multifunctionality and point to its role in differentially regulating the biogenesis of distinct client protein classes.
The Disintegration of Soybean by a Cellulase Preparation from<i>Irpex lacteus</i>Fr. and the Enzyme Relating to It (1979)

Journal Article The Disintegration of Soybean by a Cellulase Preparation from Irpex lacteus Fr. and the Enzyme Relating to It Get access Masanobu Kawai, Masanobu Kawai Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryoichi Katsumata, Ryoichi Katsumata Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teruyuki Tsuruta, Teruyuki Tsuruta Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gen Shimura, Gen Shimura Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshito Suga, Yoshito Suga Veterinary and Agricultural Chemicals Sales Department Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hirotoshi Samejima Hirotoshi Samejima Technical Department, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Ohtemachi, Tokyo 100, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 43, Issue 9, 1 September 1979, Pages 1855–1862, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1979.10863737 Published: 01 September 1979 Article history Received: 28 February 1979 Published: 01 September 1979
Correlations between morphology and electrophysiology of pyramidal neurons in slices of rat visual cortex. II. Electrophysiology (1990)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the different morphological classes of pyramidal neurons in layers 2/3 and 5 of rat visual cortex (Larkman and Mason, 1990) have particular electrophysiological properties. Neurons in in vitro slices of rat visual cortex were impaled with glass micropipettes containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and studied using current-clamp techniques prior to pressure injection of HRP into the neurons. On morphological grounds, cells stained in layer 2/3 were placed into a single class whereas layer 5 cells were divided into 2 classes. Cells in one of these classes had thick apical dendrites which arborized in layer 1, whereas the apical dendrites of cells in the other class were thinner and did not reach layer 1 (Larkman and Mason, 1990). Despite variation between individual cells of a single class, significant differences were found in the time constants, current/voltage relations, and repetitive firing behaviors of the 3 classes. Burst firing responses to injected current pulses were confined to the layer 5 cells with thick apical dendrites. These results add to those from other areas of the brain demonstrating that the electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons are heterogeneous. Furthermore, we have shown that distinctive intrinsic membrane properties of pyramidal neurons in visual cortex are correlated with different morphologies.
Concurrent Stimulation of Cannabinoid CB1 and Dopamine D2 Receptors Augments cAMP Accumulation in Striatal Neurons: Evidence for a G<sub>s</sub>Linkage to the CB1 Receptor (1997)

Cannabinoids act at the CB1 receptor to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. Within the striatum, CB1 receptors have been shown to be localized on the same neurons as Gi-coupled dopamine D2 receptors. In this study we have examined the interactions of CB1 and D2 receptors on adenylate cyclase. In striatal neurons in primary culture, both the CB1 receptor agonist [3-(1, 1-dimethylheptyl)-11-hydroxy-Delta8tetrahydrocannabinol] (HU210) and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation when applied separately. In contrast, HU210 and quinpirole in combination augmented cAMP accumulation. This augmentation was blocked by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A or the D2 antagonist sulpride. Pertussis toxin treatment of striatal neurons prevented the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by D2 receptors but unmasked a cannabinoid receptor-mediated stimulatory effect on cAMP accumulation. The cannabinoid receptor-stimulated accumulation of cAMP was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by SR141716A, suggesting that the response was regulated through the CB1 receptor. Similar augmentation of cAMP accumulation after pertussis toxin treatment was observed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with, and stably expressing, the CB1 receptor. This stimulation of cAMP was not Ca2+-sensitive and was unaffected by a range of protein kinase inhibitors. Treatment of the pertussis toxin-treated cells with cholera toxin before CB1 receptor activation amplified the stimulatory pathway, suggesting that this response was mediated through a Gs-type G-protein. Stimulation of cAMP accumulation was not observed after pertussis toxin treatment of CHO cells expressing the human CB2 receptor, suggesting that this novel signaling pathway is unique to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.
Heterojunction-Free GaN Nanochannel FinFETs With High Performance (2013)

Heavily doped GaN nanochannel fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs) without heterojunction have been fabricated and characterized for the first time. Simplified pragmatical technology for GaN epitaxial growth and FinFET process was used to achieve nanodevices with a channel width from 40 to 100 nm and a gate length of 1 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> . They exhibit excellent on-state performance, such as maximum drain current of 670 mA/mm and maximum transconductance of 168 mS/mm. Record off-state performance was measured: extremely low leakage current of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim\!\!\hbox{10}^{-11}\ \hbox{mA}$ </tex></formula> and source–drain breakdown voltage of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex> </formula> 280 V. The subthreshold slope of 68 mV/decade is close to the theoretical limit (60 mV/decade, so far achieved only in SOI MOSFETs) and leads to very high <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$I_{\rm on}/I_{\rm off}$ </tex></formula> ratio of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{10}^{8} {-} \hbox{10}^{9}$</tex></formula> . The proposed heterojunction-free nanochannel GaN FinFET is a very promising candidate not only for high-performance and high-speed integrated circuits but also for high-power applications.
Encapsulation of Phthalocyanine Supramolecular Stacks into Virus-like Particles (2011)

We report herein the encapsulation of a water-soluble phthalocyanine (Pc) into virus-like particles (VLPs) of two different sizes, depending on the conditions. At neutral pH, the cooperative encapsulation/templated assembly of the particles induces the formation of Pc stacks instead of Pc dimers, due to an increased confinement concentration. The Pc-containing VLPs may potentially be used as photosensitizer/vehicle systems for biomedical applications such as photodynamic therapy.