gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Hypermutable<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Associated with the Oxidative Stress Caused by Chronic Lung Inflammation (2005)

Oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) liberated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We formulated the hypothesis that oxidation of the bacterial DNA by ROS presents an increased risk for the occurrence of hypermutable P. aeruginosa. The occurrence of hypermutable P. aeruginosa isolates was investigated directly in the sputum of 79 CF patients and among 141 isolates collected from 11 CF patients (10 to 15 isolates/patient) collected from the 1st and up to the 25th year of their chronic lung infection. The level of oxidized guanine moiety 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which is a frequently investigated DNA oxidative lesion, was measured. Hypermutable P. aeruginosa isolates were found in the sputum bacterial population of 54.4% of the CF patients. The earliest mutator P. aeruginosa isolates were found after 5 years from the onset of the chronic lung infection, and once they were present in the CF lung, the prevalence increased with time. The hypermutable isolates were significantly more resistant to antipseudomonal antibiotics than nonhypermutable isolates (P<or=0.001). The level of 8-oxodG/10(6) deoxyguanosine (dG) was significantly higher in hypermutable P. aeruginosa isolates (87+/-38) than in nonhypermutable P. aeruginosa isolates (59.4+/-17) (P=0.02), and an increase to 86.84 from 21.65 8-oxodG/10(6) dG was found after exposure of the reference strain PAO1 to activated PMNs. Our results suggest that the chronic PMN inflammation in the CF lung promotes oxidative stress and is associated with the occurrence of hypermutable bacteria in the lung. The hypermutable phenotype can associate with mutations that confer adaptation of the bacteria in the lung and persistence of the infection.
3‐Borolene mit diastereotopen Seiten: Synthese von 4‐(Dialkylamino)‐4‐boratricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec‐2(6)‐enen und Struktur des Dimethylamino‐Derivats (1994)

3‐Borolenes with Diastereotopic Faces: Synthesis of 4‐(Dialkylamino)‐4‐boratricyclo[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]dec‐2(6)‐enes and Structure of the Dimethylamino Derivative Two syntheses of 2,5‐dihyro‐1 H ‐borole derivatives with diastereotopic faces are described. 2,3‐Dimethylenenorbornane ( 2 ) is transformed into the zirconocene complex 5 (≡ Cp 2 Zr · 2 ) in a large‐scale preparation; 5 reacts with dichloro‐(dialkylamino)boranes BCl 2 (NR 2 ) to give 4‐(dialkylamino)‐4‐boratricyclo[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]dec‐2(6)‐enes 1 (R = Me, i Pr). Alternatively, 2,3‐dimethylnorbornene (santene) ( 3 ) or 3‐methyl‐2‐methylenenorbornane ( 4 ) can be kaliated by means of Lochmann‐Schlosser base to give a dimetallation product 6 (≡ K 2 2 ); treatment of 6 with BCl 2 (NR 2 ) also affords the boratricycles 1 (R = Et, i Pr). The structure of the dimethylamino derivative 1a has been determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Repair of Thyroid Cartilage Defect with Bone Morphogenetic Protein (1997)

The object of this research was to investigate whether a thyroid cartilage defect can be repaired by newly formed bone induced by bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP). Bilateral thyroid cartilage defects measuring 0.5 x 0.6 cm were created in 25 adult rabbits. Experimental defects were implanted with ceramic bone particles combined with bBMP, or in controls, without bBMP. The animals were painlessly killed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after implantation. The tissue responses were analyzed by routine histologic examination. An increase in the amount of new bone was observed in the interval from 4 to 12 weeks, and the defects were completely filled with new bone at 16 weeks, in contrast to a minimal new cartilage formation at the defect edges in controls. The results indicate that cartilage defects can be repaired by inducing new bone formation from mesenchymal cells in both perichondrium and muscular fascia.
Structural characterization of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase family (2013)

Structural studies of members of the CDK (cyclin-dependent protein kinase) family have made a significant contribution to our understanding of the regulation of protein kinases. The structure of monomeric unphosphorylated CDK2 was the first of an inactive protein kinase to be determined and, since then, structures of other members of the CDK family, alone, in complex with regulatory proteins and in differing phosphorylation states, have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating protein kinase activity. Recently, our knowledge of the structural biology of the CDK family has been extended by determination of structures for members of the transcriptional CDK and CDK-like kinase branches of the extended family. We include these recent structures in the present review and consider them in the light of current models for CDK activation and regulation.
Qubit allocation as a combination of subgraph isomorphism and token swapping (2019)

In 2016, the first quantum processors have been made available to the general public. The possibility of programming an actual quantum device has elicited much enthusiasm. Yet, such possibility also brought challenges. One challenge is the so called Qubit Allocation problem: the mapping of a virtual quantum circuit into an actual quantum architecture. There exist solutions to this problem; however, in our opinion, they fail to capitalize on decades of improvements on graph theory. In contrast, this paper shows how to model qubit allocation as the combination of Subgraph Isomorphism and Token Swapping. This idea has been made possible by the publication of an approximative solution to the latter problem in 2016. We have compared our algorithm against five other qubit allocators, all independently designed in the last two years, including the winner of the IBM Challenge. When evaluated in "Tokyo", a quantum architecture with 20 qubits, our technique outperforms these state-of-the-art approaches in terms of the quality of the solutions that it finds and the amount of memory that it uses, while showing practical runtime.
<title>Double- and single-sideband suppressed-carrier optical modulator implemented at 1320 nm using LiNbO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> crystals and bulk optics</title> (2001)

We perform double sideband and single sideband suppressed- carrier modulators using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in free space. Two bulk LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> crystals are used to modulate the optical beam at 1319 nm in both branches of the interferometer. We present experimental results of the optical spectrum using heterodyne measurement technique. These results show maximum carrier and sideband suppression of 24 dB and 12 dB respectively for 1 GHz modulation frequency.
Fiber optic pressure sensor using a fiber Bragg grating (1998)

A Fiber Optic Pressure Sensor utilizing a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as a sensing element has been demonstrated. In the experiment, a broad band LED source with a wavelength range of 1520 nm to 1570 nm was launched into a single mode optical fiber within which the FBG was written. With no applied force, the fiber grating reflects light strongly at a wavelength of 1549.92nm. When the FBG was subjected to a range of forces (from 0.0N to 18.0N), applied perpendicularly to its axis, the reflected light from the FBG was found to be wavelength shifted in proportion to the applied force, but in a non- linear manner. The shift in wavelength is detected using fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric technique. With the FBG embedded in carbon fiber material, the test results showed an excellent linear relationship between the wavelength shift and the applied force (pressure). In addition, force sensing range of up to 60N was obtained with the pressure sensor still remaining in good condition.
PupilNet v2.0: Convolutional Neural Networks for CPU based real time Robust Pupil Detection (2017)

Real-time, accurate, and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite for pervasive video-based eye-tracking. However, automated pupil detection in realworld scenarios has proven to be an intricate challenge due to fast illumination changes, pupil occlusion, non-centered and off-axis eye recording, as well as physiological eye characteristics. In this paper, we approach this challenge through: I) a convolutional neural network (CNN) running in real time on a single core, II) a novel computational intensive two stage CNN for accuracy improvement, and III) a fast propability distribution based refinement method as a practical alternative to II. We evaluate the proposed approaches against the state-of-the-art pupil detection algorithms, improving the detection rate up to ~9% percent points on average over all data sets (~7% on one CPU core 7ms). This evaluation was performed on over 135,000 images: 94,000 images from the literature, and 41,000 new hand-labeled and challenging images contributed by this work (v1.0).
Bosea eneae sp. nov., Bosea massiliensis sp. nov. and Bosea vestrisii sp. nov., isolated from hospital water supplies, and emendation of the genus Bosea (Das et al. 1996) (2003)

On the basis of phenotypic and DNA relatedness data, three novel species of the genus Bosea are proposed, Bosea massiliensis (63287T =CIP 106336T =CCUG 43117T), Bosea vestrisii (34635T =CIP 106340T =CCUG 43114T) and Bosea eneae (34614T =CIP 106338T =CCUG 43111T). The original description of the genus Bosea included thiosulphate oxidation as a phenotypic feature, when the sole and type species of the genus, Bosea thiooxidans, was proposed. The three novel species described herein were not able to oxidize thiosulphate; thus, it is proposed that this characteristic be removed from the description of the genus and considered as specific for B. thiooxidans. The novel species of the genus Bosea proposed here form a well-separated cluster in the Bradyrhizobium group of the alpha-2 subclass of the Proteobacteria, on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. However, 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis was not sufficient to delineate the species; hence, DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data were also required. All of the novel species described in this study are fastidious bacteria isolated from a hospital water supply, using co-cultivation with amoebae. This group of bacteria are hypothesized to be a potential cause of nosocomial infections. For treatment of infections caused by these novel bacteria, doxycycline appears to be the sole antibacterial compound with a consistently low MIC value.
Sentence Extraction System Assembling Multiple Evidence. (2001)

We have developed a sentence extraction system, which estimates the significance of sentences by integrating four scoring functions that use evidence such as sentence location, sentence length, TF/IDF values of words, and similarity to the title. Similarity to a given query is also added to the system on the summarization task for Information Retrieval. Parameters for scoring functions were optimized by an experiment using dry run data of the TSC. Results from the TSC formal run showed that our method was effective in the sentence extraction task. 1
Evaluation of Five Color-Appearance Transforms Across Changes in Viewing Conditions and Media (1995)

Observers performed psychophysical experiments to compare color-appearance transformations under a variety of viewing conditions, using a memory matching technique. These viewing conditions differed between the original printed images and the CRT reproductions in white point chromaticity, background relative luminance, surround relative luminance, and absolute adapting luminance.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DOWNTOWN PARKING MODEL (1971)

PROBABILISTIC MODELS WERE BUILT TO INVESTIGATE THE BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE IN CHOOSING AMONG PARKING PLACES. THE EFFECTS ON PARKING CHOICES OF PARKING SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. THE ANALYTICAL TOOL USED WAS LOGIT ANALYSIS. METHODS WERE DEVISED FOR FINDING THE VALUE OF TIME SAVED WALKING FROM PARKING PLACE TO DESTINATION. THE METHODS WERE APPLIED TO DATA, AND VALUES OF TIME WERE ESTABLISHED THAT ARE SUITABLE FOR COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF DOWNTOWN PARKING FACILITY INVESTMENTS. THE BEHAVIORAL MODELS DEVELOPED CAN BE USED TO INVESTIGATE EXPECTED PARKING COSTS AND PARKING COST CHANGES, AND IT IS POSSIBLE TO ASSIGN PERSONS TO DIFFERENT PARKING DISTANCES FROM DESTINATIONS. /AUTHOR/
Culture characteristics of four permanent lines of human cancer cells. (1955)

Summary The cultural and morphological characteristics of three strains of human epidermoid cancer cells (H.Ep. #1, H.Ep. #2, and H.Ep. #3) and one human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (H.Emb.Rh. #1) have been described. These tumors have been passed serially for periods of 8 months to 2½ years and have maintained their original histological characteristics. One other tumor (H.S. #1), not yet permanently established in passage, has also been described. The pH range and sensitivity of the tumor to heat and ultraviolet have been recorded.
System Performance of an Integrated Airborne Spacing Algorithm with Ground Automation (2016)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) first Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technology Demonstration (ATD-1) was created to facilitate the transition of mature ATM technologies from the laboratory to operational use. The technologies selected for demonstration are the Traffic Management Advisor with Terminal Metering (TMA-TM), which provides precise time-based scheduling in the Terminal airspace; Controller Managed Spacing (CMS), which provides controllers with decision support tools to enable precise schedule conformance; and Interval Management (IM), which consists of flight deck automation that enables aircraft to achieve or maintain precise spacing behind another aircraft. Recent simulations and IM algorithm development at NASA have focused on trajectory-based IM operations where aircraft equipped with IM avionics are expected to achieve a spacing goal, assigned by air traffic controllers, at the final approach fix. The recently published IM Minimum Operational Performance Standards describe five types of IM operations. This paper discusses the results and conclusions of a human-in-the-loop simulation that investigated three of those IM operations. The results presented in this paper focus on system performance and integration metrics. Overall, the IM operations conducted in this simulation integrated well with ground-based decisions support tools and certain types of IM operational were able to provide improved spacing precision at the final approach fix; however, some issues were identified that should be addressed prior to implementing IM procedures into real-world operations.
Cyclooxygenase-2: Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, and Neurobiology (1999)

In the nervous system, prostanoids are well recognized as mediators in a variety of processes, including fever generation, modulation of the stress response, sleep/wake cycle, control of cerebral blood flow, and hyperalgesia. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids, are now recognized: a constitutively expressed COX-1 and a highly regulated COX-2. New molecular and pharmacologic tools have provided a better understanding of the roles of COX-generated prostanoids in the nervous system. Other studies reveal that COX may represent an important target for new therapeutic approaches to neurologic disorders. This review summarizes our current understanding of cyclooxygenase expression and prostanoid actions in the nervous system, with special reference to COX-2 and studies demonstrating its expression in different cell types responding to a variety of stimuli. A brief review of the molecular biology, pharmacology, and primary actions of COX-2 outside of the nervous system provides a context for understanding potential neurobiological roles for COX-2 and prostanoid production. Information about the role of COX in human neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer' s disease, and hyperalgesia, is covered in the last section.
NaCrO<sub>2</sub> cathode for high-rate sodium-ion batteries (2015)

Carbon-coated NaCrO<sub>2</sub> synthesized <italic>via</italic> an emulsion method exhibits excellent cyclability and ultrafast rate capability up to a rate of 150 C, demonstrating ideal properties for advanced sodium-ion batteries.
The Efficiency of Cellulosic Fillers in Common Thermoplastics. Part II. Filling with Processing Aids and Coupling Agents (1985)

Abstract This paper reports on the effect of additives on the properties of injection moulded composites based on polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) filled with wood and cellulose flour. Three types of additives were studied: dispersion aids, elastomeric additives, and adhesion promoting agents. Some of the dispersion aids were found to improve the filler dispersion and the impact strength. The modulus remained relatively unaffected while the strength was lowered. The high molecular weight elastomeric additives increased the impact strength and ductility, while the stiffness was reduced. An adhesion promotor based on a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene was found to behave as a true coupling agent, i.e. the strength and ductility increased, the melt strength was improved, and also the hot water resistance was raised. The experimentally determined composite moduli are found to agree relatively well with theoretical predictions. The effect of processing on the shape and size of the filler particles is evaluated using automatic image analysis.
Towards Automation of Privacy and Security Risks Analysis in Identity Management Systems (2013)

Currently, risk analysis methods for identity management systems (IDMSs) mainly rely on manual inspections. Manual inspection is time consuming and expensive. This article introduces the executable model-based risk analysis method (EM-BRAM) with the aim of automating privacy and security risks analysis in IDMSs. The EM-BRAM identifies risk factors inherent in IDMSs and uses them as inputs to a colored petri nets (CPNs) model of a targeted IDMS. It then verifies the system's risk using CPNs' state space analysis and queries. We apply the method to analyze privacy and security risk in the OpenID IDMS.
A Novel Zero-Drift Detection Method for Highly Sensitive GMR Biochips (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel drift compensation mechanism for highly sensitive biodetection based on giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors and magnetic nanoparticles. Micromagnetic simulations showed the quantitative detection ability of this new method. The proposed detection scheme uses both ac current sources and ac magnetic fields along with two dc bias states. Experiments were carried out to detect Miltenyi Biotec (MACS) magnetic nanoparticles on the spin-valve sensor (0.2 mumtimes4 mum). The experimental results show that sub-microvolt drifts can be achieved by this dual bias-double modulation (DBDM) method
The complete sequence of the 1,683-kb pSymB megaplasmid from the N <sub>2</sub> -fixing endosymbiont <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> (2001)

Analysis of the 1,683,333-nt sequence of the pSymB megaplasmid from the symbiotic N(2)-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti revealed that the replicon has a high gene density with a total of 1,570 protein-coding regions, with few insertion elements and regions duplicated elsewhere in the genome. The only copies of an essential arg-tRNA gene and the minCDE genes are located on pSymB. Almost 20% of the pSymB sequence carries genes encoding solute uptake systems, most of which were of the ATP-binding cassette family. Many previously unsuspected genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis were identified and these, together with the two known distinct exopolysaccharide synthesis gene clusters, show that 14% of the pSymB sequence is dedicated to polysaccharide synthesis. Other recognizable gene clusters include many involved in catabolic activities such as protocatechuate utilization and phosphonate degradation. The functions of these genes are consistent with the notion that pSymB plays a major role in the saprophytic competence of the bacteria in the soil environment.
Feasibility Demonstration of a Mode-Division Multiplexed MIMO-Enabled Radio-Over-Fiber Distributed Antenna System (2014)

In this paper the feasibility of mode-division multiplexing (MDM) for implementing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio-over-fiber (RoF) distributed antenna systems (DAS) is experimentally demonstrated, where the MIMO algorithm is able to reconstruct the data signals by overcoming distortion and crosstalk in both the free-space RF and optical fiber channels. This is achieved through RF characterization of an MDM RoF link, which is experimentally demonstrated to be capable of supporting at least 4 × 4 MIMO with 6 GHz channels over long lengths of MMF (2 km compared to ~300 m typically found in MMF-based RoF DASs) and under tight fiber bending conditions (bend radius as low as 7.6 mm), which are commonly encountered in in-building fiber installations. First, experimental RF measurements are performed over a 2 km section of OM2 fiber, mode-multiplexed using a spatial light modulator (SLM) based MUX/DEMUX system, and it is shown to offer an RF condition number of <;14 dB for up to 4 × 4 MIMO with 6 GHz channels, sufficient to enable good performance for⊣ most modern wireless protocols. Next, the effect of fiber curvature on RF performance is experimentally analysed using a 10 m section of OM3 fiber. It is seen that with a bend radius as low as 7.2 mm, a condition number of ~10 dB can be achieved for up to a 6 × 6 MIMO system with 6 GHz channels. Although an SLM-based MUX/DEMUX is used here, condition number is not dependent on the exact mode-launching system used provided that orthogonal combinations of modes are excited, which is true of most MDM systems. It is therefore concluded that the RF characterization presented here demonstrates by proof-of-principle the feasibility of graded-index) MMF to support at least 4 × 4 MIMO with broadband channels via MDM over lengths up to 2 km and with fiber bend radii as low as 7.2 mm.