gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium-Hydrogen Exchange Inhibition During Ventricular Fibrillation (2003)

NHE-1 inhibition may represent a highly potent novel strategy for resuscitation from VF that can ameliorate myocardial manifestations of ischemic injury and improve the effectiveness and outcome of closed-chest resuscitation.
Regulation of glial development by cystatin C (2006)

Cystatin C (CysC) is an endogenous cysteine proteases inhibitor produced by mature astrocytes in the adult brain. Previously we isolated CysC as a factor activating the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, and showed that CysC is expressed in astrocyte progenitors during development. Here we show that protease inhibitor activity increased daily in conditioned medium, and that this activity was mainly a result of CysC released from primary cultured cells. Human CysC added to the culture medium of primary brain cells increased the number of GFAP-positive and nestin-positive cells. Human CysC also increased the number of neurospheres formed from embryonic brain, and thus it increases the number of neural stem/precursor cells in a manner similar to glycosylated rat CysC. The addition of a neutralizing antibody, on the other hand, greatly decreased the number of GFAP and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST)-positive astrocytes. This decrease was reversed by the addition of CysC but not by another cysteine protease inhibitor. Thus, the promotion of astrocyte development by CysC appears to be independent of its protease inhibitor activity. The antibody increased the number of oligodendrocytes and their precursors. Therefore, CysC modifies glial development in addition to its activity against neural stem/precursor cells.
The circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein cpYFP that has been used as a superoxide probe is highly responsive to pH but not superoxide in mitochondria: implications for the existence of superoxide ‘flashes’ (2011)

The properties of a cpYFP [circularly permuted YFP (yellow fluorescent protein)] reported to act as a superoxide sensor have been re-examined in Arabidopsis mitochondria. We have found that the probe has high pH sensitivity and that dynamics in the cpYFP signal disappeared when the matrix pH was clamped by nigericin. In contrast, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of matrix superoxide had no detectable effect on the cpYFP signal. These findings question the existence of superoxide flashes in mitochondria.
Feature evaluation for lane change prediction based on driving situation and driver behavior (2017)

Advanced driver assistance systems rely on the availability of robust information on the driving situation and the driver's needs and intentions to operate reasonably and safely. For this, they have to be enabled to identify and assess both the driving situation and the driver's intentions on the basis of features that can be measured by the vehicle. In case of the prediction of lane change maneuvers intended by the driver, a set of features is available describing the driving situation before lane changes, the driver's maneuver preparation and the vehicle's status. Against this background, the work presented aims at evaluating the suitability of these features to provide evidence to the maneuver prediction and at identifying suitable predictors on arterial roads in urban areas. Data obtained by a naturalistic driving study are used to evaluate and compare the effect sizes of each of the individual features in connection with different types of lane change maneuvers and with regard to the time of prediction.
Por qué no soy Constructivista (2004)

This article examines the two principal uses of the term “constructivism”. The first is a thesis about the bodies of knowledge developed during the course of human history that denies that the disciplines are objective reflections of an “external world” this is often called social constructivism, or deconstructionism or post modernism. The second use of the term, which has been called psychological constructivism, is a way of looking at how individuals learn, suggesting they actively construct their own (internal) sets of meaning or understandings and that knowledge is not a mere copy of the external world, nor is it acquired by passive absorption or by simple transference from one person (a teacher) to another (a learner). The article analyses the writings of many authors that argue both for and against these philosophical positions and also compares the societal outcomes that would be the expected if constructivist principles really were valid, with the observed realities in societies across the world. These analyses lead the author to conclude that the philosophical idea is not good and the educational approach does not really offer anything good for the educational system or the student.
Synthesis of 3,4-, 4,5- and 5,6-unsaturated 19-substituted cholestane derivatives and related epoxides (1980)

Starting from the 5,6-unsaturated compound X , 19-hydroxy-, 19-methoxy and 19-acetoxy derivatives with the double bond in positions 5,6- ( XIV-XVI ), 4,5- ( XXI-XXIII ) and 3,4- ( XXX, XXXIII, XXXIV ) were prepared by stepwise transposition of the 5,6-double bond. The route to 4,5-unsaturated steroids involves hypobromous acid addition ( XVI → XVIII ) followed by reductive removal of bromine and dehydration ( XIX → XXI ), Transposition of the 4,5-double bond to the 3,4-position is based on the conversion of the 4,5-olefin into 4β-alcohol ( XXIII → XXVII ) and pyrolysis of its benzoate ( XXVIII → XXX ).
Studies of Tenuazonic Acid Analogs. I. Synthesis of 5-Substituted 3-(1'-Anilinoethylidene) pyrrolidine-2, 4-dione (1971)

Derivatives of tenuazonic acid, 3-acetyl-5-sec-butyltetramic acid, were synthesized. 5-Substituted 3-acetyl tetramic acids were condensed with primary aromatic amines refluxing in alcohol. The structure of the condensation products were determined as 5-substituted 3-(1'-anilinoethylidene) pyrrolidine-2, 4-dione. The stability of the one of the condensation products was investigated, and it was found to be stable in acidic and neutral, but unstable in alkaline medium.
A Dynamic Grating Using a Photochemical Phase Transition of Polymer Liquid Crystals Containing Azobenzene Derivatives (1999)

The rapid formation (and erasure) of a dynamic phase grating is one condition required of materials for dynamic holography. The photochemical nematic–isotropic transition of the side-chain polymer liquid crystal (PLC) shown in the Figure, caused by the trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, is reported to cause a dynamic grating with fringe spacing of 1.4 μm to form in ∼150 ms.
Greenfield sites: Purpose, potential and pitfalls (2001)

In recent years there has been considerable discussion and debate about the degree of transformation in Australian industrial relations and the introduction of new human resource management practices. Much of this change, practitioners and researchers suggest, can be achieved at greenfield sites. With the importance of greenfield sites in mind, this paper considers the purpose, potential and pitfalls of greenfield sites in relation to human resource management and industrial relations at three Australian greenfield sites. The evidence suggests that while greenfield sites do have the potential to play an important role in developing and transforming human resource management and industrial relations, this process requires constant care and consideration before the outcomes are properly embedded and can be transferred across the whole spectrum of Australian workplaces.
Proposed Remote-Control, Solar-Powered Concrete Production Experiment on the Moon (1997)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been studying (as of 1996) a possibility to return to the Moon in 2001 or 2002. The mission will involve many lunar surface activities and may include a concrete production experiment. This paper presents a conceptual approach utilizing the newly developed dry-mix/steam-injection (DMSI) procedure to make three 50-mm concrete cubes (cement and water from Earth and aggregate from the Moon). Astronauts will deliver the test equipment to the Moon only. The test procedure shall be carried out through a remote-control semiautonomous manipulation system with a human supervisor unit stationed on Earth. A solar thermal concentrator will be manufactured to provide heat to generate steam for the DMSI process. The proposed program shall be carried out collectively by three technical groups and will proceed in three successive phases: I, design/manufacture of a prototype steam generator/chamber system (the first writer's group); II, design/manufacture of robotic system (the second writer's group), solar thermal concentrator system (the third writer's group), and mock-up tests of the complete test system; and III, the full experiment on the Moon. A duration of 3.5 years is anticipated to complete all three phases. At the completion of the lunar experiment, only concrete cubes will be returned to Earth for further tests. The test results should demonstrate the validity of the concept of concrete lunar bases that NASA hopes to pursue in the 21st century.
Receptor-mediated phagocytosis elicits cross-presentation in nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells (2009)

In cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), internalized proteins are retrotranslocated into the cytosol, degraded by the proteasome, and the generated antigenic peptides bind to MHC class I molecules for presentation on the cell surface. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contribution to phagosomal membranes is thought to provide antigen access to the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, allowing cytosolic dislocation. Because the ERAD pathway is present in all cell types and exogenous antigens encounter an ER-containing compartment during phagocytosis, we postulated that forcing phagocytosis in cell types other than DCs would render them competent for cross-presentation. Indeed, FcRgammaIIA expression endowed 293T cells with the capacity for both phagocytosis and ERAD-mediated cross-presentation of an antigen provided as an immune complex. The acquisition of this ability by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells suggests that a function potentially available in all cell types has been adapted by DCs for presentation of exogenous antigens by MHC class I molecules.
Effects of interaural time differences in fine structure and envelope on lateral discrimination in electric hearing (2006)

Bilateral cochlear implant (CI) listeners currently use stimulation strategies which encode interaural time differences (ITD) in the temporal envelope but which do not transmit ITD in the fine structure, due to the constant phase in the electric pulse train. To determine the utility of encoding ITD in the fine structure, ITD-based lateralization was investigated with four CI listeners and four normal hearing (NH) subjects listening to a simulation of electric stimulation. Lateralization discrimination was tested at different pulse rates for various combinations of independently controlled fine structure ITD and envelope ITD. Results for electric hearing show that the fine structure ITD had the strongest impact on lateralization at lower pulse rates, with significant effects for pulse rates up to 800 pulses per second. At higher pulse rates, lateralization discrimination depended solely on the envelope ITD. The data suggest that bilateral CI listeners benefit from transmitting fine structure ITD at lower pulse rates. However, there were strong interindividual differences: the better performing CI listeners performed comparably to the NH listeners.
Uniform olivocerebellar conduction time underlies Purkinje cell complex spike synchronicity in the rat cerebellum. (1993)

1. The issue of isochronicity of olivocerebellar fibre conduction time as a basis for synchronizing complex spike activity in cerebellar Purkinje cells has been addressed by latency measurement, multiple-electrode recording and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) tracing of climbing fibres in the adult rat. 2. The conduction time of the olivocerebellar fibres was measured by recording Purkinje cell complex spike (CS) responses from various areas of the cerebellum. The CSs were evoked by stimulating the olivocerebellar fibres near the inferior olive. In spite of a difference in length, as determined directly by light microscopy, the conduction times of different climbing fibres were quite uniform, 3.98 +/- 0.36 ms (mean +/- S.D., n = 660). 3. Multiple-electrode recording of spontaneous Purkinje cell CS activity was employed to study the spatial extent of CS synchronicity in the cerebellar cortex. Recordings of CS were obtained from Purkinje cells located on the surface and along the walls of lobule crus 2a. The rostrocaudal band-like distribution of simultaneous (within 1 ms) CS activity in Purkinje cells extended down the sides of the cerebellar folia to the deepest areas recorded (1.6-2.6 mm deep). As shown in previous experiments, the distribution of simultaneous CS activity did not extend significantly (500 microns) in the mediolateral axis of the cerebellar cortex. 4. In two animals a detailed determination of the length of the olivocerebellar fibre bundles was performed by staining the fibres with PHA-L injected into the contralateral inferior olive. This measurement included fibre bundles terminating in twenty-six different areas, ranging from the tops of the various folia to the bottoms of the fissures in both the hemisphere and the vermis. There was a 47.5% difference between the length of the longest measured fibre bundle (15.8 mm, terminating in lobule 6b, zone A) and the length of the shortest measured fibre bundle (8.3 mm, terminating in the cortex at the base of the primary fissure, zone D), after correction for tissue shrinkage. To attain an isochronous conduction time the conduction velocities for these two fibre bundles were calculated to be 4.22 m/s and 2.37 m/s, respectively. 5. By interpolating between measured points a simple formula was derived to estimate the average length of olivocerebellar fibres terminating in any given area of the cerebellar cortex, excluding the paraflocculus, the flocculus and the most lateral regions of the hemisphere. 6. We investigated the most likely mechanisms by which conduction velocity variations with length could result in global isochronicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Expression and Transmission of Wild‐Type Pigmentation in the Skin of Transgenic Orange‐Colored Variants of Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) Bearing the Gene for Mouse Tyrosinase (1992)

Transgenic fish carrying a reconstructed mouse tyrosinase gene, mg-Tyrs-J, were produced by microinjecting the gene into the oocyte nucleus of an orange-colored variant of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Of 64 oocytes microinjected and subsequently inseminated, 13 embryos developed normally beyond hatching and three of them exhibited brown skin pigmentation in the adult as was commonly observed in the wild type of this species. Light and electron microscopic examination disclosed a ubiquitous distribution of typical melanophores in the skin of these transgenic fish. Judging from their population density and distribution pattern, it was presumed that melanogenesis in these fish was elicited in amelanotic melanophores that resided in the skin of the orange-colored fish of this variant. Immunofluorescence with use of the anti-mouse tyrosinase antiserum lacking reactivity to medaka tyrosinase clearly disclosed that the gene introduced was expressed in the melanophores of transgenic fish. Crosses of female transgenic fish and males from an orange-colored variant yielded offspring exhibiting wild-type or orange-colored pigmentation in a ratio of 1:1, thus implying that mg-Tyrs-J integrated into the medaka genome behaves like a dominant gene. Little melanogenesis was observed in xanthophores, leucophores and iridophores in transgenic fish, suggesting possible specificity in recognition of teleostean cell types (i.e., melanophores) by the regulatory region of the mouse tyrosinase gene.
Effect of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Captopril (SQ14,225), on Orthostatic Sodium and Water Retention in Patients with Idiopathic Edema (1985)

Captopril (SQ14,225), an orally administered angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was given to 8 patients with idiopathic edema, in order to study the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in orthostatic sodium and water retention. Compared to 5 normal subjects, patients with idiopathic edema showed significantly greater reduction in water and sodium excretion, and greater increment in plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity, in the upright posture. Captopril significantly restored water and sodium excretion, attenuated the increment in plasma aldosterone, and enhanced the rise in plasma renin activity in patients with idiopathic edema. The effects of captopril on these variables were not remarkable in normal subjects. These results suggest that an enhanced response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to standing plays an important role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic edema.
Validation of neural network analysis to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients (2002)

In order to analyze the possibility to utilize alternative techniques for statistical evaluation of biomedical data, the authors have applied neural network analysis for prediction of probability of relapse in a series of 101 node negative breast cancer patients treated by radical surgery without any further systemic therapy. On the basis of the authors' preliminary results, the neural model, based on Kohonen map, seems able to individualize specific clusters of patients with different clinical pathological characteristics and probability of relapse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance of rolling shutter and global shutter camera in optical camera communications (2015)

Optical Camera Communication (OCC) is considered as an extension of IEEE 802.15.7 specification by same communication channel. Different with another technique, Optical Camera Communication used image sensor for receiver, so the characteristic of image sensor will effect on the operation and performance. In this paper we analyze and discuss the performance image sensor characteristic which based on rolling shutter and global shutter technique.
Decarboxylation of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 and prothrombin (1979)

Bovine prothrombin fragment 1 and prothrombin undergo decarboxylation of their gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues when the lyophilized proteins are heated in vacuo at 110 degrees C for several hours. The fully decarboxylated fragment 1 product has lost its barium-binding ability as well as the calcium-binding function which causes fluorescence quenching in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+. There is no sign of secondary structure alteration in solution upon analysis by fluorescence emission and circular dichroic spectroscopy. A family of partially decarboxylated fragment 1 species generated by heating for shorter periods shows that the initial decrease in calcium-binding ability occurs almost twice as rapidly as the loss of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. This is consistent with the idea that differential functions can be ascribed to the 10 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in fragment 1, including both high- and low-affinity metal ion binding sites. Prothrombin itself also undergoes total decarboxylation without any apparent alteration in secondary structure. However, in this case the latent thrombin activity is progressively diminished during the heating process in terms of both clotting activity and hydrolysis of the amide substrate H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA. The present results indicate that in vitro decarboxylation of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in dried proteins is useful for analyzing the detailed calcium-binding proteins of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors.
Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus (2001)

Associations have been reported of the seven-repeat (7R) allele of the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This polymorphism occurs in a 48-bp tandem repeat in the coding region of DRD4, with the most common allele containing four repeats (4R) and rarer variants containing 2-11. Here we show by DNA resequencing/haplotyping of 600 DRD4 alleles, representing a worldwide population sample, that the origin of 2R-6R alleles can be explained by simple one-step recombination/mutation events. In contrast, the 7R allele is not simply related to the other common alleles, differing by greater than six recombinations/mutations. Strong linkage disequilibrium was found between the 7R allele and surrounding DRD4 polymorphisms, suggesting that this allele is at least 5-10-fold "younger" than the common 4R allele. Based on an observed bias toward nonsynonymous amino acid changes, the unusual DNA sequence organization, and the strong linkage disequilibrium surrounding the DRD4 7R allele, we propose that this allele originated as a rare mutational event that nevertheless increased to high frequency in human populations by positive selection.
Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool for Quality and Sterility Analysis for Tissue Engineering Applications like Cartilage Transplants (2010)

At present, the production of tissue engineered cartilage requires the concurrent production of two identical transplants. One transplant is used for destructive quality control and the second one is implanted into the patient. A non-invasive characterization of such tissue engineering samples would be a promising tool to achieve a production process of just one transplant that is both implanted and tested. Raman spectroscopy is a method that satisfies this requirement by analyzing cells without lysis, fixation or the use of any chemicals. This pure optical technique is based on inelastic scattering of laser photons by molecular vibrations of biopolymers. Characteristic peaks in Raman spectra of cells could be assigned to typical biochemical molecules present in biological samples. For the analysis of chondrocytes present in cartilage transplants, the determination of the cell vitality as well as the discrimination of another cell type have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. Another bottleneck in such biological processes under GMP conditions is sterility control, as most of the commonly used methods require long cultivation times. Raman spectroscopy provides a good alternative to conventional methods in terms of time saving. In this study, the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a quality and sterility control tool for tissue engineering applications was studied by analyzing and comparing the spectra of cell and bacteria cultures.
The role of transgenic crops in sustainable development (2010)

The concept of sustainable development forms the basis for a wide variety of international and national policy making. World population continues to expand at about 80 M people per year, while the demand for natural resources continues to escalate. Important policies, treaties and goals underpin the notion of sustainable development. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate a range of scientific literature pertaining to the use of transgenic crops in meeting sustainable development goals. It is concluded that a considerable body of evidence has accrued since the first commercial growing of transgenic crops, which suggests that they can contribute in all three traditional pillars of sustainability, i.e. economically, environmentally and socially. Management of herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant transgenic crops to minimize the risk of weeds and pests developing resistance is discussed, together with the associated concern about the risk of loss of biodiversity. As the world population continues to rise, the evidence reviewed here suggests it would be unwise to ignore transgenic crops as one of the tools that can help meet aspirations for increasingly sustainable global development.