gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smallpox and <i>pan</i> -Orthopox Virus Detection by Real-Time 3′-Minor Groove Binder TaqMan Assays on the Roche LightCycler and the Cepheid Smart Cycler Platforms (2004)

We designed, optimized, and extensively tested several sensitive and specific real-time PCR assays for rapid detection of both smallpox and pan-orthopox virus DNAs. The assays are based on TaqMan 3'-minor groove binder chemistry and were performed on both the rapid-cycling Roche LightCycler and the Cepheid Smart Cycler platforms. The hemagglutinin (HA) J7R, B9R, and B10R genes were used as targets for the variola virus-specific assays, and the HA and DNA polymerase-E9L genes were used as targets for the pan-orthopox virus assays. The five orthopox virus assays were tested against a panel of orthopox virus DNAs (both genomic and cloned) at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). The results indicated that each assay was capable of detecting both the appropriate cloned gene and genomic DNA. The assays showed no cross-reactivity to the 78 DNAs in the USAMRIID bacterial cross-reactivity panel. The limit of detection (LOD) of each assay was determined to be between 12 and 25 copies of target DNA. The assays were also run against a blind panel of DNAs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on both the LightCycler and the Smart Cycler. The panel consisted of eight different variola virus isolates, five non-variola virus orthopox virus isolates, two varicella-zoster virus isolates, and one herpes simplex virus isolate. Each sample was tested in triplicate at 2.5 ng, 25 pg, 250 fg, and 2.5 fg, which represent 1.24 x 10(7), 1.24 x 10(5), 1.24 x 10(3), and 1.24 x 10(1) genome equivalents, respectively. The results indicated that each of the five assays was 100% specific (no false positives) when tested against both the USAMRIID panels and the CDC blind panel. With the CDC blind panel, the LightCycler was capable of detecting 96.2% of the orthopox virus DNAs and 93.8% of the variola virus DNAs. The Smart Cycler was capable of detecting 92.3% of the orthopox virus DNAs and between 75 and 93.8% of the variola virus DNAs. However, all five assays had nearly 100% sensitivity on both machines with samples above the LOD (>12 gene copies). These real-time PCR assays represent a battery of tests to screen for and confirm the presence of variola virus DNA. The early detection of a smallpox outbreak is crucial whether the incident is an act of bioterrorism or an accidental occurrence.
Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) in the testing period of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in critical limb ischemia of the lower extremities. (1999)

In patients with failed conservative and surgical treatment for severe critical lower limb ischemia, the SCS increases the skin blood flow, is associated with a significant pain relief and could prove an excellent alternative therapy that improves the quality of life. We also demonstrate that TcPO2 increase within a test period of 2 weeks, is a predictive index of SCS therapy success and should be considered in terms of cost effect before the final decision for permanent implantation.
Liquefaction of printed circuit board wastes with product oil recycling (2000)

Abstract Experimentally, liquefaction of printed circuit board wastes in motor oil at 593 K for 30 minutes generated approximately 73% of oils, 4% of gases, and 23% of copper‐rich solid residues. The cuts of the light oils produced from liquefaction of printed circuit board wastes into weighted boiling fraction were primarily naphtha and gas oil. Over 90 % of copper in liquefaction residue was recovered. An increase in aromaticity in product oils observed by proton NMR and FTIR spectroscopies was attributed to repolymerization or condensation, to some extent, involved in the liquefaction process. Key words: Liquefactionprinted circuit boardrecycling
지방의회에 있어서 교섭단체 (2015)

It was only from 1987 with the existing constitution that the grace provision of the local assembly was abolished, and in 1988 the Local Autonomy Act...
A model for measuring Quality of Experience (2006)

In this paper we present a model for measuring the quality of experience (QoE) of multimedia services. Our model consists of measurable and non-measurable parameters and describes a framework for quantifying the model parameters by transformation into an XML document with discreet values. The model has been validated by running a field trial over 4 weeks using 3G mobile phones for a video on demand service and mobile TV
Contact angles on chemically heterogeneous surfaces (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContact angles on chemically heterogeneous surfacesJacob N. Israelachvili and Michelle L. GeeCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 1, 288–289Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00085a059https://doi.org/10.1021/la00085a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1569Altmetric-Citations238LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup E and Endogenous Avian Virus in Measles and Mumps Vaccines Derived from Chicken Cells: Investigation of Transmission to Vaccine Recipients (1999)

Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity has been detected recently in all chicken cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines. A study of a vaccine manufactured in Europe indicated that the RT is associated with particles containing endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV-0) RNA and originates from the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) used as a substrate for propagation of the vaccine. We investigated the origin of RT in measles and mumps vaccines from a U.S. manufacturer and confirm the presence of RT and EAV RNA. Additionally, we provide new evidence for the presence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in both CEF supernatants and vaccines. ALV pol sequences were first identified in particle-associated RNA by amplification with degenerate retroviral pol primers. ALV RNA sequences from both the gag and env regions were also detected. Analysis of hypervariable region 2 of env revealed a subgroup E sequence, an endogenous-type ALV. Both CEF- and vaccine-derived RT activity could be blocked by antibodies to ALV RT. Release of ALV-like virus particles from uninoculated CEF was also documented by electron microscopy. Nonetheless, infectivity studies on susceptible 15B1 chicken cells gave no evidence of infectious ALV, which is consistent with the phenotypes of the ev loci identified in the CEF. PCR analysis of ALV and EAV proviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 children after measles and mumps vaccination yielded negative results. Our data indicate that the sources of RT activity in all RT-positive measles and mumps vaccines may not be similar and depend on the particular endogenous retroviral loci present in the chicken cell substrate used. The present data do not support transmission of either ALV or EAV to recipients of the U.S.-made vaccine and provide reassurance for current immunization policies.
Studies of the Outer Membrane Proteins of Campylobacter Jejuni for Vaccine Development (1991)

Abstract : The major objective of our fifteen months of study was to develop methods for isolating outer membrane-enriched fractions of Campylobacter jejuni. Using standard disruption and solubilization techniques, we have prepared outer membrane-enriched fractions of C. jejuni and have characterized the proteins resolved. Subsequently, we began studies to determine which are antigenic and thus could have potential as vaccine candidates. Using both radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot procedures, we have acquired preliminary data on the antigenicity of these proteins. Currently, we have continued to explore the feasibility of using mice for an animal model of Campylobacter infection in which to test vaccine candidates. After original characterization of the consequences of oral challenge, we have focused on determining the kinetics of the bacteremia produced, and the mechanisms for clearance. We have also developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining human IgA, IgG, and IgM responses to C. jejuni surface antigens. This technique will be of value at the time human subjects are challenged with candidate vaccines.
Effect of New Target Therapeutic Serum Digoxin Concentration Range on the Incidence of Digoxin Toxicity and the Clinical Efficacy. (2000)

Our previous study suggested that maintaining the serum digoxin concentration (SDC) in a lower target range (0.5-1.4 ng/ml) than the generally recommended range (0.5-2.0 ng/ml) may be useful to avoid the occurrence of digoxin toxicity in elderly patients (over 71 years old). Thus, the present prospective clinical study was carried out to evaluate the significance of the new target therapeutic SDC range in decreasing the incidence of digoxin toxicity during digoxin maintenance therapy in elderly patients.Study subjects who received oral maintenance therapy with digoxin for heart failure and/or atrial fibrillation with tachycardia included 899 patients and 946 patients in 1995 and 1997, respectively at Kosei Hospital. In all study subjects, measurements of SDC, blood chemistry analysis, and 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic recording were performed when the SDC was at a presumed steady state.After treatment of patients with a lower SDC range, the incidence (1.8%) of digoxin toxicity in 1997 was significantly less than that (7.3%) in 1995. In addition, the incidence (2.6%) of adverse reactions of patients over 71 years old in 1997 was also markedly lower than that (16.4%) in 1995. In 83 elderly patients, no significant difference in heart rate under conditions of resting and exercise was observed between patients with SDCs over 1.4 ng/ml (mean SDC 1.79 ng/ml) and patients with SDCs less than 1 .4 ng/ml (mean SDC 1.26 ng/ml).These results indicate that the treatment of elderly patients with the new therapeutic SDC range reduces the incidence of digoxin toxicity with an equivalent therapeutic efficacy to that obtained with the generally recommended range.
Synthesis of proline-valine pseudodipeptide enol lactones, serine protease inhibitors (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of proline-valine pseudodipeptide enol lactones, serine protease inhibitorsPeter E. Reed and John A. KatzenellenbogenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2624–2634Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1191Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanofabrication of electrodes with sub-5 nm spacing for transport experiments on single molecules and metal clusters (1997)

Electron-beam deposition is used to fabricate free-standing carbon nanoelectrodes separated by a gap of less than 5 nm. Fabrication is carried out under direct visual control in an electron microscope. After coating the carbon electrodes with a thin metal film (e.g., AuPd) such structures can be used to study electrical transport properties of single molecules (e.g., conjugated polymers) or metal nanoclusters. The fabrication process of the nanowires is described in detail. Furthermore, we suggest electrostatic trapping as a new method to bridge the electrodes with a single conducting nanoparticle in a controlled way. This principle was tested successfully on Pd nanoclusters and carbon nanotubes.
Glypican 3‐expressing gastric carcinoma: Distinct subgroup unifying hepatoid, clear‐cell, and α‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric carcinomas (2009)

Gypican-3 (GPC3) has been recognized as an oncofetal protein in hepatic neoplasms and yolk sac tumors. To characterize a distinct subgroup of gastric carcinoma (GC) expressing GPC3 (GPC3-GC), primary and metastatic GC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry with special focus on their related entities: hepatoid, clear-cell, and alpha-fetoprotein-producing GC. GPC3-GC was defined as focal GPC3-GC when 10-49% of neoplastic cells were positive, and as diffuse GPC3-GC when more than 50% of cells were positive. Among 926 GC cases, 101 (11%) were GPC3-GC, of which 45 were diffuse and 56 were focal GPC3-GC. Specific histological patterns, such as the hepatoid and clear-cell patterns, were frequently observed in diffuse GPC3-GC (38 and 49%, respectively) and in focal GPC3-GC (4 and 25%, respectively), whereas these patterns were extremely rare in GPC3-negative GC. Immunoreactive alpha-fetoprotein was only identified in GPC3-GC (38% of diffuse and 14% of focal GPC3-GC). Both diffuse and focal GPC3-GC showed nodal metastasis more frequently (67 and 55%, respectively) than GPC3-negative GC (34%), and the diffuse GPC3-GC had significantly more T2-4 and M1 stage cases. GPC3 immunostaining was present in 57 out of 61 nodal metastases (93%) and in all four liver metastases examined. Importantly, diffuse GPC3 expression was observed in the liver metastasis, even if the primary tumor was focal GPC3-GC. GPC3-GC is a distinctive group of GC, which unifies hepatoid, clear-cell, and alpha-fetoprotein-producing GC. GPC3 is expected to be a target of forthcoming immunotherapy for a patient bearing this specific type of GC.
Progress in ion exchange : advances and applications (1997)

Novel Materials and Novel Applications Ion Chromatography and Electrophoresis Resins as Biosorbents Ion Exchange for Environmental Clean-Up Ion Exchange in Inorganic Materials and its Theory.
Diversity of Ferrous Iron-Oxidizing, Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria and their Involvement in Oxygen-Independent Iron Cycling (2004)

In previous studies, three different strains (BrG1, BrG2, and BrG3) of ferrous iron-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria were obtained from freshwater sediments. All three strains were facultative anaerobes and utilized a variety of organic substrates and molecular hydrogen with nitrate as electron acceptor. In this study, analyses of 16S rDNA sequences showed that strain BrG1 was affiliated with the genus Acidovorax, strain BrG2 with the genus Aquabacterium, and strain BrG3 with the genus Thermomonas. Previously, bacteria similar to these three strains were detected with molecular techniques in MPN dilution series for ferrous iron-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria inoculated with different freshwater sediment samples. In the present study, further molecular analyses of these MPN cultures indicated that the ability to oxidize ferrous iron with nitrate is widespread amongst the Proteobacteria and may also be found among the Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content of DNA. Nitrate-reducing bacteria oxidized ferrous iron to poorly crystallized ferrihydrite that was suitable as an electron acceptor for ferric iron-reducing bacteria. Biologically produced ferrihydrite and synthetically produced ferrihydrite were both well suited as electron acceptors in MPN dilution cultures. Repeated anaerobic cycling of iron was shown in a coculture of ferrous iron-oxidizing bacteria and the ferric iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter bremensis. The results indicate that iron can be cycled between its oxidation states +II and +III by microbial activities in anoxic sediments.
Signal-to-Noise-Ratio-Aware Dynamic Range Compression in Hearing Aids (2018)

Fast-acting dynamic range compression is a level-dependent amplification scheme which aims to restore audibility for hearing-impaired listeners. However, when being applied to noisy speech at positive signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the gain function typically changes rapidly over time as it is driven by the short-term fluctuations of the speech signal. This leads to an amplification of the noise components in the speech gaps, which reduces the output SNR and distorts the acoustic properties of the background noise. An adaptive compression scheme is proposed here which utilizes information about the SNR in different frequency channels to adaptively change the characteristics of the compressor. Specifically, fast-acting compression is applied to speech-dominated time-frequency (T-F) units where the SNR is high, while slow-acting compression is used to effectively linearize the processing for noise-dominated T-F units where the SNR is low. A systematic evaluation of this SNR-aware compression scheme showed that the effective compression of speech components embedded in noise was similar to that of a conventional fast-acting system, whereas natural fluctuations in the background noise were preserved in a similar way as when a slow-acting compressor was applied.
Stimulation of integrin-mediated adhesion of T lymphocytes and monocytes: two mechanisms with divergent biological consequences. (1994)

We show that the adhesion of T lymphoid cells to immobilized fibronectin can be increased by two distinct mechanisms. The first is by increasing the affinity of the fibronectin receptor/ligand interaction using the anti-beta 1 integrin monoclonal antibody 8A2. The second is by treating the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which alters events that occur after receptor occupancy (e.g., cell spreading) without affecting receptor affinity. The effects of these two mechanisms on adhesion in the presence of physiological concentrations of soluble fibronectin suggest that they have different biological consequences. Under these conditions, the net effect of increasing the affinity of the fibronectin receptors is to decrease cell adhesion, whereas the increase in adhesion induced by PMA is unaffected. This suggests that the high affinity receptors are not primarily available for cell adhesion under these circumstances, and that they have an alternative function. We further show that high affinity binding of soluble fibronectin can be induced by either differentiation of the monocytic cell line THP-1 or by cross-linking the T cell receptor complexes on the T lymphoid cell line HUT-78. The differentiated monocytic cells express two populations of fibronectin receptors: a minority in a high affinity state, and the majority in a low affinity state. Thus they will both continue to adhere in the presence of physiological concentrations of soluble fibronectin and bind significant amounts of soluble fibronectin at the cell surface.
Optimization of an Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation Electrode (2018)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an increasingly used, minimally invasive, cancer treatment modality for patients who are unwilling or unable to undergo a major resective surgery. There is a need for RFA electrodes that generate thermal ablation zones that closely match the geometry of typical tumors, especially for endoscopic ultrasound-guided (EUS) RFA. In this paper, the procedure for optimization of an RFA electrode is presented. First, a novel compliant electrode design is proposed. Next, a thermal ablation model is developed to predict the ablation zone produced by an RFA electrode in biological tissue. Then, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize two cases of the electrode geometry to match the region of destructed tissue to a spherical tumor of a specified diameter. This optimization procedure is then applied to EUS-RFA ablation of pancreatic tissue. For a target 2.5 cm spherical tumor, the optimal design parameters of the compliant electrode design are found for two cases. Cases 1 and 2 optimal solutions filled 70.9% and 87.0% of the target volume as compared to only 25.1% for a standard straight electrode. The results of the optimization demonstrate how computational models combined with optimization can be used for systematic design of ablation electrodes. The optimization procedure may be applied to RFA of various tissue types for systematic design of electrodes for a specific target shape.
Rheumatism and Climate (1939)

Two cases showing objective neurological changes are described.
Plasmid-mediated sucrose metabolism in Escherichia coli: characterization of scrY, the structural gene for a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system outer membrane porin (1991)

The scrY gene, part of the pUR400-borne sucrose regulon, appeared to be transcribed from its own promoter, with the transcriptional start site located 58 bp upstream from the initiation codon. An open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 505 amino acid residues (Mr 55,408) was identified. The first 22 amino acid residues formed a leader sequence typical of those found in other procaryotic outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. A frameshift mutation in the scrY gene resulted in a dramatic decrease in sucrose transport with no effect on in vitro phosphorylation activity associated with enzyme IISer. The rate of diffusion of sucrose was 96 times greater than the rate of diffusion of lactose or maltose in liposomes containing the ScrY protein. This increase in sucrose permeability provided strong evidence that the ScrY protein functions as a sucrose porin. There was 23% amino acid sequence identity between the ScrY protein and LamB, a maltose porin from Escherichia coli.
Spatial mapping of <sup>23</sup>Na NMR signals by two‐dimensional rotating frame imaging (1990)

The reconstruction of two-dimensional spatial images with 0.5-mm resolution using radiofrequency gradients generated by an NMR coil system rotated about the sample is demonstrated for 23Na. The method retains chemical shift, should be capable of mapping T1 and T2 information, and might offer sensitivity advantages for nuclides with short T2.