gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Long-Wavelength Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs Based on Dicyanopyrazino Phenanthrene Derivatives (2017)

Highly efficient long-wavelength thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are developed using 2,3-dicyanopyrazino phenanthrene (DCPP) as the electron acceptor (A), and carbazole (Cz), diphenylamine (DPA), or 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (DMAC) as the electron donor (D). Because of the large, rigid π-conjugated structure and strong electron-withdrawing capability of DCPP, TADF molecules with emitting colors ranging from yellow to deep-red are realized with different electron-donating groups and π-conjugation length. The connecting modes between donor and acceptor, that is, with or without the phenyl ring as π-bridge, are also investigated to study the π-bridge effect on the thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties. Yellow, orange, red, and deep-red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on DCPP derivatives exhibit high efficiencies of 47.6 cd A<sup>-1</sup> (14.8%), 34.5 cd A<sup>-1</sup> (16.9%), 12.8 cd A<sup>-1</sup> (10.1%), and 13.2 cd A<sup>-1</sup> (15.1%), with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.44, 0.54), (0.53, 0.46), (0.60, 0.40), and (0.64, 0.36), respectively, which are among the best values for long-wavelength TADF OLEDs.
The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases (1996)

In adult multicellular organisms, homeostasis is determined in each cell lineage by a balance between cell death and cell growth. Dysregulation of cell death mechanisms is involved in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of diseases. Defective apoptosis can participate in malignant transformation, viral latency and autoimmune diseases. Excessive apoptotic cell death is involved in CD4+ T-cell depletion observed in acquired immune deficiency syndrome, in fulminant hepatitis associated with infection by hepatitis B and C viruses, in some neurodegenerative disorders and haematological diseases, in polycystic kidney disease and ischaemia. Three steps can be distinguished in the pathway that leads to cell death. The first step involves interactions between the extracellular and intracellular signals that decide whether a cell should live or die. When death is chosen, a common pathway that involves at least the Bcl-2- family of proteins and the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-converting enzyme-related cysteine proteases confirms whether or not the cell should die. Finally, if death is allowed to occur, the apoptotic process itself is characterized by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation, proteolysis and morphological changes that precede the engulfment of apoptotic cells by neighbouring cells and phagocytes. Several inducers and inhibitors of apoptosis acting on one or several of these three steps that characterize the apoptotic process have been identified in vitro. Their potential usefulness in improving the current therapeutic strategies and designing new strategies in several different diseases is discussed.
Synthesis of oxalate from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the presence of caesium carbonate (1997)

In the presence of caesium carbonate, the direct reaction of CO2 (110 atm) with CO (50 atm) resulted in reductive capture of CO2 to give caesium oxalate in good yield (90.1%) at high temperature (380 °C). The reaction is characteristic of caesium carbonate. When lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium carbonates were used, oxalate was scarcely produced. The effects of the reaction variables, such as the pressures of CO2 and CO, and the reaction temperature, were examined to optimize the process. From the results of mechanistic studies including a separately examined two-step reaction, 13C-labelling experiments and IR spectroscopic studies of the intermediates, it was concluded that the reaction proceeds through a nucleophilic addition of CO upon the carbonyl carbon of CO2 which is activated by the complexation to caesium carbonate.
Priming of the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst Involves p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Exocytosis of Flavocytochrome b 558-containing Granules (2000)

The respiratory burst of human neutrophils is primed by a number of pro-inflammatory stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); however, the mechanism of priming remains unknown. LPS has been shown previously to increase membrane expression of flavocytochrome b(558), a component of the NADPH oxidase. This study shows that TNFalpha also increases membrane expression of flavocytochrome b(558). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules have been implicated in the action of priming agents. Pharmacologic inhibitors of MAPKs, SB203580 and PD098059, revealed that priming of the respiratory burst and up-regulation of flavocytochrome b(558) are dependent on p38 MAPK but not on extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK). TNFalpha and LPS primed respiratory burst activity and increased membrane expression of CD35 and CD66b, specific markers of secretory vesicles and specific granules that contain flavocytochrome b(558), with similar time courses and concentration dependences. These processes also required p38 MAPK but were independent of ERK. TNFalpha failed to prime respiratory burst activity or to increase membrane CD35 expression in enucleated neutrophil cytoplasts. These data suggest that one mechanism by which TNFalpha and LPS prime neutrophil respiratory burst activity is by increasing membrane expression of flavocytochrome b(558) through exocytosis of intracellular granules in a process regulated by p38 MAPK.
Increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung (1981)

Review of the histology of 219 lung cancers initially diagnosed at Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois, in 1963-1967 and 1974-1976, confirms the increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma. This is due to an increase of adenocarcinoma in men. In women, the incidence of adenocarcinoma was higher than squamous carcinoma in the earliest period (44% adeno, 18% squamous). The percentage of women with lung cancer has also significantly increased from 19% to 31%, which increases the overall incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung. As the number of women with lung carcinoma has increased, there has been no change in the percentage of adenocarcinoma in women.
Stoichiometry of metal‐tetracycline/H<sup>+</sup> antiport mediated by transposon Tn10‐encoded tetracycline resistance protein in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

The tetracycline resistance protein (TetA) endoded by transposon Tn10 mediates the efflux of divalent cation-tetracycline chelating complexes [Yamaguchi, A., Udagawa, T. and Sawai, T. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4809-4813]. It was confirmed that protons were antiported with the complexes through an electrically-neutral process because the antiport consumed delta pH but not delta psi. The quantitative relationship between delta pH and delta pTC determined by a flow-dialysis method clearly indicated a 1:1 stoichiometry of the monocationic metal-tetracycline/H+ exchange.
On the accurate identification of network service dependencies in distributed systems (2012)

The automated identification of network service dependencies remains a challenging problem in the administration of large distributed systems. Advances in developing solutions for this problem have immediate and tangible benefits to operators in the field. When the dependencies of the services in a network are better-understood, planning for and responding to system failures becomes more efficient, minimizing downtime and managing resources more effectively.This paper introduces three novel techniques to assist in the automatic identification of network service dependencies through passively monitoring and analyzing network traffic, including a logarithm-based ranking scheme aimed at more accurate detection of network service dependencies with lower false positives, an inference technique for identifying the dependencies involving infrequently used network services, and an approach for automated discovery of clusters of network services configured for load balancing or backup purposes. This paper also presents the experimental evaluation of these techniques using real-world traffic collected from a production network. The experimental results demonstrate that these techniques advance the state of the art in automated detection and inference of network service dependencies.
The Microscopic Anatomy of the Lower Eyelid Retractors (1982)

Twenty-two normal lower eyelids were studied microscopically to examine the normal anatomy of the lower eyelid retractors. Eight lower eyelid specimens from patients with involutional entropion and five from patients with involutional ectropion were studied also. In the normal eyelids, the inferior tarsal muscle consisted of scattered smooth-muscle fibers and did not insert on the tarsus. The orbital septum fused with the capsulopalpebral fascia 5 mm beneath the lower tarsal border to form a single, complex fascial layer. In the involutional entropion and ectropion cases, the fused capsulopalpebral fascia-orbital septum complex was attached to the tarsus in all specimens. The first identifiable smooth-muscle strands of the inferior tarsal muscle averaged 3.9 mm from the lower tarsal border in entropion cases, 4.5 mm in ectropion cases, and 2.5 mm in the normal eyelids.
Construction Dewatering: A Guide to Theory and Practice (1981)

A practical guide to problems of ground water control. Starts with a theoretical discussion based on soil mechanics, hydrology, geology, and fluid mechanics. Covers all practical aspects including costs, specifications, and contracts. Thoroughly illustrated with reference tables and charts.
Characteristics of phage abortion conferred in lactococci by the conjugal plasmid pTR2030 (1990)

The effect of pTR2030 on phage DNA injection, transfection, release of progeny phage, and cell death was evaluated for a number of lactococcal phages. Infection by prolate phage c2 and small isometric phage p2 of derivatives of Lactococcus lactis LM2301 with or without pTR2030, and infection by small isometric phage 𝜙31 of derivatives of L. lactis NCK202 with or without pTR2030 was studied. Phage DNA injection was not affected by pTR2030 when examined using blender-resistant-complex assays with 32P-labelled DNA or by observation of phage labelled with the fluorescent dye 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Successful transfection of hosts bearing pTR2030 indicated that the plasmid did not retard passage of naked phage DNA across the membrane. Infective-centre assays were used to determine whether progeny were released from phage-infected pTR2030 hosts that do not support plaque formation by small isometric phages. In all cases, pTR2030 reduced the number of infected hosts which generated viable phage. When progeny were released, the phage burst size was reduced. The data confirmed that pTR2030 interferes with development of prolate and small isometric phages in a similar manner via a classical abortive infection mechanism.
Locally adaptive orientation Wiener image filter with local noise estimate (2002)

The restoration of images degraded by additive noise has been addressed previously by several authors. In this work, to overcome the consequences that arise from cascading filters sequentially (namely, the fact that the noise behavior changes more and more the deeper into the cascade), while still preserving edges and maintaining low computational requirements, we propose a modified locally adaptive orientation Wiener filter (MAOW). Different masks are applied at each pixel to a local region and the mask yielding a minimum variance is the selected one; thus mask orientations can vary locally. In addition to improve the operation of the AOW, we need a noise estimation that is locally varying. This is obtained by using the information that is already available to us from the quantizer prior to filtering.
PMSM Servo Drive System for Electric Power Steering Based on Two-Degree-of-Freedom Torque Control (2006)

Electric power steering (EPS) is a trend for power steering system. In EPS system, torque control of the power-assisted motor is required to have a high performance such as wide bandwidth of torque control, small torque ripple and acoustic noise, high robust performance in different environmental conditions. This paper describes a robust servo torque drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for EPS. A two-degree-of-freedom controller is proposed to improve the torque control performance. The effectiveness of the proposed motor drive control is demonstrated by simulation and experiment.
Epigenetic Signatures Associated with Different Levels of Differentiation Potential in Human Stem Cells (2009)

Our study leads us to propose a model where the level of epigenetic regulation, as a combination of DNA methylation and histone modification marks, at differentiation genes defines degrees of differentiation potential from progenitor and multipotent stem cells to pluripotent stem cells.
Radiometals: towards a new success story in nuclear imaging? (2014)

Several limitations of (18)F and other non-metallic isotopes have been emphasized by the development of macromolecular biotargeting agents for cancer, including peptides, antibodies, fragments and oligonucleotides, which typically have biological half-lives that are much longer than the radioactive half-life of (18)F. Based on the (18)F-FDG success story, we can wonder whether all critical criteria are or can be fulfilled for the radiometallated bioconjugates to start out from the crowd and which metals have the best chance of success. In this paper we give a brief overview of radiometal isotopes having the potential for PET imaging in terms of physical properties, production capacity and associated chemistry.
Photodehydrocyclizations in stilbene-like compounds. X. Rearrangements in the photocyclization of 4,5-diphenyltriphenylene and 4,5-diphenylphenanthrene (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodehydrocyclizations in stilbene-like compounds. X. Rearrangements in the photocyclization of 4,5-diphenyltriphenylene and 4,5-diphenylphenanthreneA. H. A. Tinnemans and W. H. LaarhovenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 14, 4617–4622Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00821a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00821a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation Energy Paths for Graphene Nucleation and Growth on Cu (2012)

The synthesis of wafer-scale single crystal graphene remains a challenge toward the utilization of its intrinsic properties in electronics. Until now, the large-area chemical vapor deposition of graphene has yielded a polycrystalline material, where grain boundaries are detrimental to its electrical properties. Here, we study the physicochemical mechanisms underlying the nucleation and growth kinetics of graphene on copper, providing new insights necessary for the engineering synthesis of wafer-scale single crystals. Graphene arises from the crystallization of a supersaturated fraction of carbon-adatom species, and its nucleation density is the result of competition between the mobility of the carbon-adatom species and their desorption rate. As the energetics of these phenomena varies with temperature, the nucleation activation energies can span over a wide range (1-3 eV) leading to a rational prediction of the individual nuclei size and density distribution. The growth-limiting step was found to be the attachment of carbon-adatom species to the graphene edges, which was independent of the Cu crystalline orientation.
Disintegration of Lead Cathodes, II (1957)

In continuation of previous work, the disintegration of lead cathodes at high current densities at 25~ was studied.The solutions were acid, basic, and neutral combinations of sulfuric and phosphoric acids and ammonium and alkali sulfates, chlorides, and phosphates.The results support the hydride mechanism and contradict the alkali alloy hypothesis.The data are interpreted to indicate that water molecules are reduced at current densities below those needed for visible disintegration and that the surface is saturated with adsorbed hydrogen atoms at the start of disintegration.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships Based on Functional and Structural Characteristics of Organic Compounds (2001)

In the present quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, organic compounds, including priority pollutants, have been considered and classified based on their functional and structural characteristics. Five physico-chemical characteristics have been used to develop a QSAR model for Pimephales promelas, by means of multiple regression analysis. Collinearity diagnostics was carried out using two different approaches based on condition index and K correlation index. The outlier analysis was carried out using the variable subsets obtained through both the approaches. An attempt has been made to justify the deletion of outliers in each group referring to their physico-chemical characteristics. The expressions obtained by using both approaches provide almost the same prediction accuracy, however, the latter approach resulted in expressions with reduced number of molecular descriptors. The QSARs obtained through this exercise would certainly assist in designing environment-friendly molecules with lower toxicity.
Novel Trityl Activators with New Weakly Coordinating Anions Derived from C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>-1,2-[B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>:  Synthesis, Structures, and Olefin Polymerization Behavior (2000)

The weakly coordinating anions {C6F4-1,2-[B(C6F5)2]2(μ-OR)}- (R = CH3, C6F5) were prepared as their trityl salts (2-OR) and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions with Cp2ZrMe2 yield dimeric (3-OR) or monomeric (4-OR) metallocenium ions; the latter are highly effective cocatalysts for ethylene polymerization.
Controlled Fabrication of Large-Scale Aligned Carbon Nanofiber/Nanotube Patterns by Photolithography (2002)

Large-scale aligned carbon nanofiber/nanotube patterns have been fabricated by a feasible and inexpensive direct photolithography technique using ordinary black-and-white film as a photomask. Using a calcination/reduction protocol, transition metal salts in the photoresist are transformed to metallic dots, which act as catalysts for the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes (see Figure) by acetylene pyrolysis.
3D system package architecture as alternative to 3D stacking of ICs with TSV at system level (2017)

The 3D packaging started in 1970s for packaging of memory packages. Memory density has always been the bottleneck in high performance computing systems that led to two paths; increasing memory density within a chip in 2D and increasing by stacking many either packaged or bare chips in 3D. The barrier to systems performance, however, has been latency and bandwidth between logic and memory. 3D stacking of logic and memory has been viewed as the ultimate solution for a decade but it has its own barriers. While these barrier are being overcome by many approaches, the ultimate goal is to form miniaturized systems with highest performance and reliability at lowest cost. This paper presents a 3D system package architecture to address both bandwidth and other system requirements at system level in contrast to 3D ICs at device level.
The Critical Role of Carboxy-Terminal Amino Acids in Ligand-Dependent and -Independent Transactivation of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor (2003)

The mouse constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, for which an inverse agonist, the testosterone metabolite 5alpha-androstan-3alpha-ol (androstanol), and an agonist, the xenobiotic 1,4-bis[2-(3, 5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene, are known. In this study the role of the transactivation domain 2 (AF-2) of CAR was investigated, which is formed by the seven most carboxy-terminal amino acids of the receptor. The AF-2 domain was shown to be critical for the constitutive activity by mediating a ligand-independent interaction of CAR with coactivator (CoA) proteins. In addition this domain increased and decreased contact with CoAs in the presence of agonist and inverse agonist, respectively. In analogy to classical endocrine nuclear receptors, in CAR the charge clamp between K187 (in helix 3) and E355 (within the AF-2 domain) was expected to be critical for its interaction with CoAs. However, the hydrophobic amino acids L352, L353, and I356 on the surface of the AF-2 domain were found to be more important for this protein-protein interaction. Moreover, these amino acids and C357 were shown to be involved in the response of CAR to androstanol. Interestingly, the cysteine at position 357 appears to block classical endocrine responsiveness of CAR to agonists, since mutagenesis of this amino acid both reduced CoA interaction in the absence of ligand and drastically increased inducibility by 1,4-bis[2-(3, 5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene. We showed that this blockade is not due to an intramolecular disulfide bridge, but is probably caused by an interaction between C357 and Y336.
Expression of hepatitis A virus cDNA in Escherichia coli: antigenic VP1 recombinant protein (1987)

The genome of hepatitis A virus (HAV) was reverse transcribed into cDNA and molecularly cloned. cDNA clones coding for the capsid protein VP1 that carries the major HAV antigen were cloned into the expression vector pUR290 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant fusion protein reacted in an immunoblot with rabbit anti-HAV serum, suggesting that it possesses HAV antigenicity.