gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A complementary DMOS-VMOS IC structure (1978)

A new complementary MOS structure has been fabricated consisting of a p-channel DMOS transistor and an n-channel double-diffused VMOS transistor. The transconductance of each transistor was between 0.85-0.98 of the theoretical g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> . The threshold voltages have been adjusted by either ion implantation or by adjusting the diffusion profiles. The inverter operation is similar to that of standard CMOS.
XXV. <i>An investigation of the angle of contact between paraffin wax and water</i> (1923)

(1923). XXV. An investigation of the angle of contact between paraffin wax and water. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 46, No. 272, pp. 244-256.
Genetic Programming-Evolved Spatio-Temporal Descriptor for Human Action Recognition (2012)

The potential value of human action recognition has led to it becoming one of the most active research subjects in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel method to automatically generate low-level spatio-temporal descriptors showing good performance, for high-level human-action recognition tasks. We address this as an optimization problem using genetic programming (GP), an evolutionary method, which produces the descriptor by combining a set of primitive 3D operators. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of using GP for evolving spatio-temporal descriptors for action recognition. In our evolutionary architecture, the average cross-validation classification error calculated using the support-vector machine (SVM) classifier is used as the GP fitness function. We run GP on a mixed dataset combining the KTH and the Weizmann datasets to obtain a promising feature-descriptor solution for action recognition. To demonstrate generalizability, the best descriptor generated so far by GP has also been tested on the IXMAS dataset leading to better accuracies compared with some previous hand-crafted descriptors.
Response to caffeine and ryanodine receptor isoforms in mouse skeletal muscles (2001)

The response to caffeine was studied in mouse muscles [diaphragm, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] with different ryanodine receptor isoform (RyR1, RyR3) composition and in single permeabilized muscle fibers dissected from diaphragm of wild-type (WT) and RyR3-deficient (RyR3-/-) mice at 1, 15, 30, and 60 postnatal days (PND). The caffeine response decreased during development, and, in adult mice, was greater in diaphragm, lower in EDL, and intermediate in soleus. This suggests a direct relation between response to caffeine and RyR3 expression. The lack of RyR3 reduced caffeine response in young, but not in adult mice, and did not abolish the age-dependent variation and the intermuscle differences. In diaphragm single fibers, the response to caffeine increased during development and was reduced in fibers lacking RyR3 both at 15 and 60 PND. A population of fibers highly responsive to caffeine was present in adult WT and disappeared in RyR3-/-. The results confirm the contribution of RyR3 to calcium release for contractile response and clarify the contribution of RyR3 to developmental changes and intermuscle differences.
Fluids & Electrolytes: An Incredibly Easy Pocket Guide (2005)

Contributors and consultants Road map to fluids and electrolytes * Chapter 1: Balancing basics * Chapter 2: Fluid imbalances * Chapter 3: Electrolyte imbalances * Chapter 4: Acid-base imbalances * Chapter 5: Disorders that cause imbalances * Chapter 6: Treating imbalances The test zone Selected references Index
Diurnal Anti-Diuretic-Hormone Levels in Enuretics (1985)

The diurnal antidiuretic hormone levels were studied in eleven enuretics and related to urine production and functional bladder capacity. A fluid deprivation test monitoring antidiuretic hormone levels was undertaken in four patients. The study suggests that the normal increase in nighttime antidiuretic hormone levels is absent in enuretics, who show a stable hormone level both day and night. Consequently the volume of night urine production approximates day urine production per hour. The functional bladder capacity was clearly exceeded at night in eight of eleven patients. The fluid deprivation test showed a normal response to fluid deprivation. In conclusion, the study adds further evidence that bladder capacity is a major factor in enuresis. Urine volumes that exceed bladder capacity at night may be caused by a lack of diurnal rhythmicity in antidiuretic hormone levels.
Karma, dāna und Kunsthandwerk in Myanmar: der Einfluss von Religion auf das Silberschmiede-Handwerk (2018)

Myanmars Kunsthandwerker haben wahre Schätze der Weltkunst hervorgebracht. Die Motivation, solche Höchstleistungen zu vollbringen, könnte religiöser Natur sein. Die Kunst in Myanmar zeugt von hoher künstlerischer und technischer Meisterschaft. Aufgrund der hohen Gewichtung von dāna (Grosszügigkeit), die erste der sechs Stufen zur Erleuchtung nach den Lehren Buddhas, sind die Küns- te in Myanmar meiner Meinung nach auf dieses unbeschreiblich hohe Level perfektioniert worden. Denn Grosszügigkeit zeigt sich in Prunk und Perfektion, da dies auch wertsteigernde Faktoren sind. In diesem Beitrag werde ich den Einfluss der Religion auf die Silberschmiedekunst in Myanmar diskutie- ren. Ich bespreche erst Beispiele aus der Kunst, dem Kunsthandwerk, sowie aus der Architektur und aus anderen bildenden Künsten, um danach auf die Silberschmiedekunst zu fokussieren. Der Text soll aufzeigen, dass die einzigartige Entwicklung des Theravāda-Buddhismus in Myanmar ein Grund für die unverwechselbare Eigenart der burmesischen Kunst ist. Nach der Einleitung gehe ich zuerst ge- nauer auf den (Theravāda)-Buddhismus ein und anschliessend auf die Religion in Myanmar mit einem Augenmerk auf dāna. Nach der Vorstellung der Jātakas gehe ich darauf folgend auf das Kunsthand- werk in Myanmar ein mit einer grösseren Bedeutungszuschreibung der Silberschmiedekunst. All dies bildet die Grundlage der Diskussion, in der folgende Forschungsfrage beantwortet werden soll: Wie bildet sich Religion im Kunsthandwerk in Myanmar ab?
Surface Characterization Study of Au<b>/</b>α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>and Au/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Low-Temperature CO Oxidation Catalysts (1996)

Au/α-Fe2O3 and Au/Co3O4 catalysts prepared by coprecipitation with a nominal 10 atom % Au are active for CO oxidation even at temperatures below 0 °C. The surfaces of these as-prepared, powdered catalysts have been examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) to gain information about the composition, morphology, and chemical states of the species present at these surfaces. The nature of the Au is complex. The near-surface region of the Au/α-Fe2O3 catalyst contains more Au than that of the Au/Co3O4 catalyst. The Au is present as crystallites, and small amounts of Au(OH)3 are also present on the Au/Co3O4 catalyst. The ISS data indicate that a thin layer of metallic Au, which covers most of the iron oxide substrate, is present on the Au/α-Fe2O3 catalyst surface. This layer is removed rapidly by ion sputtering, leaving the larger Au crystallites on the surface.
The Mechanism of Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by the Carbocyclic Analog of 2′–Deoxyguanosine (1992)

The carbocyclic analog of deoxyguanosine inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by greater than 95% in the hepatitis B virus-producing cell line (2.2.15) as monitored by decreases of secreted hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B virus polymerase activity and intracellular episomal hepatitis B virus DNA. Transcription of hepatitis B virus RNA from chromosomally integrated hepatitis B virus DNA was unaffected. Radioactive carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine was directly phosphorylated within the 2.2.15 cells and was incorporated exclusively into DNA. In contrast, radioactive deoxyguanosine was presumably metabolized through the "salvage" pathway in which the guanine was primarily incorporated into cellular RNAs. The rate of incorporation of carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine in 2.2.15 cells was similar to that in the parental cell line (HepG2), which does not contain hepatitis B virus sequences. Greater than 90% of the analog was present at internal sites within the DNA, indicating that the analog did not function as a DNA chain terminator. Kinetic analysis of the Km and Ki of dGTP and carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate, respectively, using both hepatitis B virus polymerase and DNA polymerase delta indicated that the analog is a competitive inhibitor for dGTP. Although both polymerases had similar Km's for dGTP, the Ki for carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate was about 6 times lower using the hepatitis B virus polymerase. This would indicate that, at low concentrations of intracellular carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate, the hepatitis B virus polymerase would be preferentially inhibited. We propose this to be the mechanism acting to inhibit preferentially hepatitis B virus replication in the tissue culture cells.
Nuclear data for production of /sup 117m/Sn for biomedical application (1985)

The /sup 117m/Sn(4+)DTPA has been shown to have high uptake in cortical bone with negligible soft-tissue deposition. The long half-life (14 d) of /sup 117m/Sn and its emission of abundant short-range Auger and conversion electrons, make /sup 117m/Sn(4+)DTPA an attractive therapeutic agent for bone tumors. The necessary nuclear data for production of clinical quantities of /sup 117m/Sn using Sb(p,2pxn) reactions at BLIP was obtained. The excitation functions for /sup 121/Sb(p,2p3n) and /sup 123/Sb(p,2p5n) reactions in the regions of 43 less than or equal to E/sub p/ less than or equal to 60 MeV were measured and compared with predicted values obtained from semi-empirical formulae given by Silberberg and Tsao. /sup 117m/Sn is routinely produced at ORNL by thermal neutron activation of /sup 116/Sn. We have investigated the possibility of improving the specific activity of the reactor-produced /sup 117m/Sn by irradiating enriched /sup 116/Sn and /sup 117/Sn in the core of the HFBR. Our results indicate that, due to a strong absorption resonance at E/sub n/ approx. = 110 eV, better specific activity for reactor-produced /sup 117m/Sn can be obtained by irradiating natural tin in the core of a reactor. 7 refs., 1 fig. 1 tab.
Multistage Genetic Association Studies (2007)

Abstract The practice of individualized medicine for therapy or prevention could be informed by studies of genetic modifiers of treatment effects. This special case of gene–environment interaction studies offers several unique opportunities by exploiting random assignment of treatments. Two basic approaches are possible, one based on genetic studies added to a preexisting randomized controlled trial, the other based on targeted intervention studies added to a preexisting genetic cohort study. We focus in particular on multistage sampling designs that exploit the prior information from the parent study to improve the statistical efficiency of the study of genetic modifiers of treatment effects. In particular, we discuss different contexts in which either design might be used—a study of a single candidate gene, an entire pathway, or a genome‐wide association scan.
Multi-phased screen for the evaluation of topical skin protectants against various chemicals (1993)

A multi-phased screen involving both in vivo and in vitro tests was used to evaluate the efficacy of 108 topical skin protectants (TSPs) against dermal exposure to sulfur mustard (HD), pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman or GD), thickened soman (TGD), and 0-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX). Assessment of TSPs in vivo involved the application of chemical agents onto a 0.1 mm thickness of TSP spread on the dorsa of rabbits. For the nerve agents GD, TGD, and VX, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in lysed red blood cells sampled periodically to 24 hr after dose application was used as an end point. Efficacy against the vesicating agent HD was assessed using the areas of dermal lesions from 1 microns L dosed at multiple sites on rabbits. The in vitro model involved delivery of 8 microns L HD or nerve agent on candidate TSPs applied at 0.015 mL/sq cm on U.S. Army M-8 chemical agent detection paper. The in vitro end point for TSP efficacy evaluation was the time to M-8 paper color change, indicating time to agent penetration. In vitro/in vivo correlations indicated good agreement for HD, GD, and TGD challenges, but not for VX.
Observations of Tissue Response to Acoustic Radiation Force: Opportunities for Imaging (2002)

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging is a method for characterizing local variations in tissue mechanical properties. In this method, a single ultrasonic transducer array is used to both apply temporally short localized radiation forces within tissue and to track the resulting displacements through time. In an ongoing study of the response of tissue to temporally short radiation force excitation, ARFI datasets have been obtained of ex vivo tissues under various focal configurations. The goal of this paper is to report observations of the response of tissue to radiation force and discuss the implications of these results in the construction of clinical imaging devices.
Acoustic source localization in distributed sensor networks (2005)

This paper studies the problem of sound source localization in a distributed wireless sensor network formed by mobile general purpose computing and communication devices with audio I/O capabilities. In contrast to well understood localization methods based on dedicated microphone arrays, in our setting sound localization is performed using a sparse array of arbitrary placed sensors (in a typical scenario, localization is performed by several laptops/PDAs co-located in a room). Therefore any far-field assumptions are no longer valid in this situation. Additionally, localization algorithm's performance is affected by uncertainties in sensor position and errors in A/D synchronization. The proposed source localization algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step, time differences of arrivals (TDOAs) are estimated for the microphone pairs, and in the second step the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation for the source position is performed. We evaluate the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the variance of the location estimation and compare it with simulations and experimental results. We also discuss the effects of distributed array geometry and errors in sensor positions on the performance of the localization algorithm. The performances of the system are likely to be limited by errors in sensor locations and increase when the microphones have a large aperture with respect to the source.
Convergent evidence that <i>oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2</i> ( <i>OLIG2</i> ) and interacting genes influence susceptibility to schizophrenia (2006)

Abnormal oligodendrocyte function has been postulated as a primary etiological event in schizophrenia. Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) encodes a transcription factor central to oligodendrocyte development. Analysis of OLIG2 in a case-control sample (n = approximately 1,400) in the U.K. revealed several SNPs to be associated with schizophrenia (minimum P = 0.0001, gene-wide P = 0.0009). To obtain independent support for this association, we sought evidence for genetic interaction between OLIG2 and three genes of relevance to oligodendrocyte function for which we have reported evidence for association with schizophrenia: CNP, NRG1, and ERBB4. We found interaction effects on disease risk between OLIG2 and CNP (minimum P = 0.0001, corrected P = 0.008) for interaction with ERBB4 (minimum P = 0.002, corrected P = 0.04) but no evidence for interaction with NRG1. To investigate the biological plausibility of the interactions, we sought correlations between the expression of the genes. The results were similar to those of the genetic interaction analysis. OLIG2 expression significantly correlated in cerebral cortex with CNP (P < 10(-7)) and ERBB4 (P = 0.002, corrected P = 0.038) but not NRG1. In mouse striatum, Olig2 and Cnp expression also was correlated, and linkage analysis for trans-effects on gene expression suggests that each locus regulates the other's expression. Our data provide strong convergent evidence that variation in OLIG2 confers susceptibility to schizophrenia alone and as part of a network of genes implicated in oligodendrocyte function.
The Price of Preservation of Hearing in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery (1982)

Translabyrinthine surgery for acoustic neuroma was introduced in Denmark in 1976, and the results of the first 100 operations are presented. Two deaths occurred, unrelated to the translabyrinthine surgery. Postoperatively, 75% of the patients had normal facial function, while function was reduced in 15% and abolished in 10%. The series represents 85% of all acoustic neuromas operated in Denmark, with 30 new neuromas being diagnosed each year, derived from a population of 5.1 million. The overall postoperative results are compared with the available results from suboccipital removals of acoustic neuromas, and are clearly in favor of the translabyrinthine approach. It is concluded that centralization of acoustic neuroma surgery is necessary, that all acoustic neuromas regardless of size can be removed by the translabyrinthine approach and that the discussion about the hypothetical preservation of hearing by applying the suboccipital approach is being made without solid grounds. To adduce the theoretical chance of preserving hearing in a very small percentage of patients as an argument in favor of the suboccipital approach appears quite irrelevant, and the price of attempting this with the suboccipital approach is too high.
Cervicovaginal natural antimicrobial expression in pregnancy and association with spontaneous preterm birth (2020)

There is much interest in the role of innate immune system proteins (antimicrobial peptides) in the inflammatory process associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). After promising pilot work, we aimed to validate the association between the antimicrobial peptides/proteins elafin and cathelicidin and sPTB. An observational cohort study of 405 women at high-risk, and 214 women at low-risk of sPTB. Protein concentrations of elafin and cathelicidin, and the enzyme human neutrophil elastase (HNE) were measured in over 1,000 cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) samples (10 to 24 weeks' gestation). Adjusted CVF cathelicidin and HNE concentrations (but not elafin) were raised in high-risk women who developed cervical shortening and who delivered prematurely and were predictive of sPTB < 37 weeks, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.81) for cathelicidin concentration at 14 to 15<sup>+6</sup> weeks. Elafin concentrations were affected by gestation, body mass index and smoking. CVF elafin in early pregnancy was modestly predictive of sPTB < 34 weeks (AUC 0.63, 0.56-0.70). Alterations in innate immune response proteins in early pregnancy are predictive of sPTB. Further investigation is warranted to understand the drivers for this, and their potential to contribute towards clinically useful prediction techniques.
The Synthesis of p-Vinylphenylboronic Acid and Some of its Derivatives (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of p-Vinylphenylboronic Acid and Some of its DerivativesA. Kentaro Hoffmann and W. M. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 3, 580–582Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01512a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01512a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thymocyte stimulation by anti-TCR-β, but not by anti-TCR-α, leads to induction of developmental transcription program (2005)

Anti-T cell receptor (aTCR) antibody (Ab) stimulation of T cells results in TCR down-modulation and T cell activation. Differences in the effect of anti-alpha-chain and beta-chain Ab have been reported on thymocytes. Anti-beta-chain Ab but not anti-alpha-chain reagents cause long-term TCR down-modulation. However, both types of Ab result in TCR cross-linking and activate early steps in signal transduction. In this study, we show that TCR internalization and calcium flux, hallmarks of T cell activation, are similar with aValpha and aVbeta treatment. Therefore, we have compared the gene expression profiles of preselection thymocytes stimulated with these reagents. We find that aValpha treatment does not cause any significant change in gene expression compared with control culture conditions. In contrast, aVbeta stimulation results in numerous changes in gene expression. The alterations of expression of genes known to be expressed in thymocytes are similar to changes caused by positive thymic selection, suggesting that the expression of some of the genes without known roles in thymocyte development and of novel genes whose expression is found to be altered may also be involved in this process.
Photography (2012)

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the contested emergence of photography in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the field of media studies, photography is often positioned to provide a critique of historically specific modes of understanding and representation. Viewed as a medium, photography and its early development offers important insights into various debates about evidence, truth, and authenticity, and more generally modernity. The chapter reviews examples of photography's contested emergence in the United States from the world of portraiture, the courtroom, immigration enforcement, and journalism. In most of these cases photographs provided an initial challenge to the authority of the word (both spoken and written). The examples also illustrate that whether it is linked to understandings of personal identity, citizenship, national identity and democracy, or capitalism, consumption, and mass culture, the complicated set of practices associated with photography provides important examples of how the present of the nineteenth century was imagined and interrogated as new.
救命!看现实版OFFICE有”鬼” (2005)

说起香港影片《office有鬼》，大家的脑海里会马上浮现出一幕幕恐怖场景。还别说，我们的Office中确实有一些“鬼”，别紧张，他们与恐怖无关，他们只是一群常常给我们的工作带来麻烦的“讨厌鬼”。