gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells based on phenothiazine sensitizers with thiophene units (2010)

Three new phenothiazine organic dyes containing thiophene, 3-(5-(3-(4-(bis(4-methoxy phenyl)amino)phenyl)-10-octyl-10H-phenothiazin-7-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (P1), 3-(5-(3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-10-octyl-10H-phenothiazin-7-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (P2) and 2-cyano-3-(5-(10-octyl-3-(4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl)-10H-phenothiazin-7-yl)thiophen-2-yl) acrylic acid (P3) were designed and synthesized as sensitizers for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For these dyes, the phenothiazine derivative moiety and the cyanoacetic acid take the roles of electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively. The absorption spectra, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of P1–P3 and the cell long-term stability were extensively investigated. It was found that HOMO and LUMO energy level tuning can be conveniently accomplished by alternating the donor moiety. The DSSCs based on dye P2 showed the best photovoltaic performance: a maximum monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 84.9%, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 10.84 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 592 mV, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.69, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.41% under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions. These results demonstrated that the DSSCs based on phenothiazine dyes could achieve both high performance and good stability.
Elicitation and acquisition of knowledge related to clothing colour design (2013)

Elements of clothing colour design were discussed and analysed in this research. Both colour sample base and colour sensory image base were proposed. Eighty-nine colours with different hue, value and chroma were selected for the colour samples base. The knowledge related to clothing colour design was suggested to two aspects: design knowledge, which includes design rules and theories, and sensory knowledge, which shows the relations between the colour samples and word pairs applied to describe the sensory of the colours. All these knowledge could be elicited and acquired from professional persons by interviewing, card sorting and fuzzy clustering methods etc. During application, the improper colours are deleted from colour sample base first according to the customer’s character, the time, place and occasion (TPO) principle, then the remainders could be clustered by using transfer closure based on fuzzy equivalence matrix. An application framework was provided to show the process of knowledge application.
3-D Time-Varying Scene Capture Technologies—A Survey (2007)

Advances in image sensors and evolution of digital computation is a strong stimulus for development and implementation of sophisticated methods for capturing, processing and analysis of 3D data from dynamic scenes. Research on perspective time-varying 3D scene capture technologies is important for the upcoming 3DTV displays. Methods such as shape-from-texture, shape-from-shading, shape-from-focus, and shape-from-motion extraction can restore 3D shape information from a single camera data. The existing techniques for 3D extraction from single-camera video sequences are especially useful for conversion of the already available vast mono-view content to the 3DTV systems. Scene-oriented single-camera methods such as human face reconstruction and facial motion analysis, body modeling and body motion tracking, and motion recognition solve efficiently a variety of tasks. 3D multicamera dynamic acquisition and reconstruction, their hardware specifics including calibration and synchronization and software demands form another area of intensive research. Different classes of multiview stereo algorithms such as those based on cost function computing and optimization, fusing of multiple views, and feature-point reconstruction are possible candidates for dynamic 3D reconstruction. High-resolution digital holography and pattern projection techniques such as coded light or fringe projection for real-time extraction of 3D object positions and color information could manifest themselves as an alternative to traditional camera-based methods. Apart from all of these approaches, there also are some active imaging devices capable of 3D extraction such as the 3D time-of-flight camera, which provides 3D image data of its environment by means of a modulated infrared light source.
Quantitative studies of thermally generated elastic waves in laser-irradiated metals (1980)

Quantitative experimental measurements have been made in the study of thermoelastic generation of elastic waves in a metal by unfocused laser radiation. A calibrated wide-band detection system, incorporating a capacitance transducer, has enabled acoustic waveforms to be recorded with a minimum of distortion. From these measurements, a theoretical model has been developed. The transfer function of the metal block has been deconvoluted to give the acoustic source function, which was modeled as a rapidly expanding point volume of material. The thermoelastic source generated longitudinal (L) and (S) waves, but the latter predominated at the epicenter, where, in experiments presented here, both wave amplitudes L and S were proportional to the total absorbed energy in the laser pulse.
Joint optimization of bid and budget allocation in sponsored search (2012)

This paper is concerned with the joint allocation of bid price and campaign budget in sponsored search. In this application, an advertiser can create a number of campaigns and set a budget for each of them. In a campaign, he/she can further create several ad groups with bid keywords and bid prices. Data analysis shows that many advertisers are dealing with a very large number of campaigns, bid keywords, and bid prices at the same time, which poses a great challenge to the optimality of their campaign management. As a result, the budgets of some campaigns might be too low to achieve the desired performance goals while those of some other campaigns might be wasted; the bid prices for some keywords may be too low to win competitive auctions while those of some other keywords may be unnecessarily high. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to automatically address this issue. In particular, we model the problem as a constrained optimization problem, which maximizes the expected advertiser revenue subject to the constraints of the total budget of the advertiser and the ranges of bid price change. By solving this optimization problem, we can obtain an optimal budget allocation plan as well as an optimal bid price setting. Our simulation results based on the sponsored search log of a commercial search engine have shown that by employing the proposed method, we can effectively improve the performances of the advertisers while at the same time we also see an increase in the revenue of the search engine. In addition, the results indicate that this method is robust to the second-order effects caused by the bid fluctuations from other advertisers.
Core-like groups result in invalidation of identifying super-spreader by k-shell decomposition (2015)

Identifying the most influential spreaders is an important issue in understanding and controlling spreading processes on complex networks. Recent studies showed that nodes located in the core of a network as identified by the k-shell decomposition are the most influential spreaders. However, through a great deal of numerical simulations, we observe that not in all real networks do nodes in high shells are very influential: in some networks the core nodes are the most influential which we call true core, while in others nodes in high shells, even the innermost core, are not good spreaders which we call core-like group. By analyzing the k-core structure of the networks, we find that the true core of a network links diversely to the shells of the network, while the core-like group links very locally within the group. For nodes in the core-like group, the k-shell index cannot reflect their location importance in the network. We further introduce a measure based on the link diversity of shells to effectively distinguish the true core and core-like group, and identify core-like groups throughout the networks. Our findings help to better understand the structural features of real networks and influential nodes.
Path4Drug: Data Science Workflow for Identification of Tissue-Specific Biological Pathways Modulated by Toxic Drugs (2021)

The early prediction of drug adverse effects is of great interest to pharmaceutical research, as toxicity is one of the leading reasons for drug attrition. Understanding the cell signaling and regulatory pathways affected by a drug candidate is crucial to the study of drug toxicity. In this study, we present a computational technique that employs the propagation of drug-protein interactions to connect compounds to biological pathways. Target profiles for drugs were built by retrieving drug target proteins from public repositories such as ChEMBL, DrugBank, IUPHAR, PharmGKB, and TTD. Subsequent enrichment test of the protein pool using Reactome revealed potential pathways affected by the drugs. Furthermore, an optional tissue filter utilizing the Human Protein Atlas was applied to identify tissue-specific pathways. The analysis pipeline was implemented in an open-source KNIME workflow called Path4Drug to allow automated data retrieval and reconstruction for any given drug present in ChEMBL. The pipeline was applied to withdrawn drugs and cardio- and hepatotoxic drugs with black box warnings to identify biochemical pathways they affect and to find pathways that can be potentially connected to the toxic events. To complement this approach, drugs used in cardiac therapy without any record of toxicity were also analyzed. The results provide already known associations as well as a large amount of additional potential connections. Consequently, our approach can link drugs to biological pathways by leveraging big data available in public resources. The developed tool is openly available and modifiable to support other systems biology analyses.
Targeting NMNAT1 to Axons and Synapses Transforms Its Neuroprotective Potency<i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

Axon and synapse degeneration are common components of many neurodegenerative diseases, and their rescue is essential for effective neuroprotection. The chimeric Wallerian degeneration slow protein (Wld(S)) protects axons dose dependently, but its mechanism is still elusive. We recently showed that Wld(S) acts at a non-nuclear location and is present in axons. This and other recent reports support a model in which Wld(S) protects by extranuclear redistribution of its nuclear NMNAT1 portion. However, it remains unclear whether cytoplasmic NMNAT1 acts locally in axons and synapses or at a non-nuclear site within cell bodies. The potency of axon protection by non-nuclear NMNAT1 relative to Wld(S) also needs to be established in vivo. Because the N-terminal portion of Wld(S) (N70) localized to axons, we hypothesized that it mediates the trafficking of the NMNAT1 portion. To test this, we substituted N70 with an axonal targeting peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein, and fused this to NMNAT1 with disrupted nuclear targeting. In transgenic mice, this transformed NMNAT1 from a molecule unable to inhibit Wallerian degeneration, even at high expression levels, into a protein more potent than Wld(S), able to preserve injured axons for several weeks at undetectable expression levels. Preventing NMNAT1 axonal delivery abolished its protective effect. Axonally targeted NMNAT1 localized to vesicular structures, colocalizing with extranuclear Wld(S), and was cotransported at least partially with mitochondria. We conclude that axonal targeting of NMNAT activity is both necessary and sufficient to delay Wallerian degeneration, and that promoting axonal and synaptic delivery greatly enhances the effectiveness.
A soft-switched reluctance motor drive circuit with improved performances (2002)

A simple soft-switched reluctance motor drive circuit was proposed, involving only four switching devices with three motor windings. The system yields less EMI, because of soft switching, and the output torque was increased by means of shorter current-pulse tail-length. As this system utilizes only one series switching device during powering period, higher efficiency can be performed.
Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes (1996)

Abstract We numerically model the axial trapping forces within optical tweezers arising from Laguerre–Gaussian laser modes. For an 8 μm diameter sphere suspended in water, the higher-order modes produce an axial trapping force several times larger than that of the fundamental. Partial absorption results in a transfer of the orbital angular momentum from the Laguerre–Gaussian mode to the trapped particle. This results in the rotation of the particle by what may be called an optical spanner (wrench). For an absorption coefficient of α = 5700 m−1 and a laser power of 10 mW, we find that an 8 μm diameter sphere would acquire an angular acceleration of 10 × 104 rad s−2 and a limiting angular velocity of 0.2 rad s−1.
Design and Synthesis of New Potent<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors. Use of<scp>l</scp>-Mannaric Acid as a Peptidomimetic Scaffold (1998)

A study on the use of derivatized carbohydrates as C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors has been undertaken. L-Mannaric acid (6) was bis-O-benzylated at C-2 and C-5 and subsequently coupled with amino acids and amines to give C2-symmetric products based on C-terminal duplication. Potent HIV protease inhibitors, 28 Ki = 0.4 nM and 43 Ki = 0.2 nM, have been discovered, and two synthetic methodologies have been developed, one whereby these inhibitors can be prepared in just three chemical steps from commercially available materials. A remarkable increase in potency going from IC50 = 5000 nM (23) to IC50 = 15 nM (28) was observed upon exchanging -COOMe for -CONHMe in the inhibitor, resulting in the net addition of one hydrogen bond interaction between each of the two -NH- groups and the HIV protease backbone (Gly 48/148). The X-ray crystal structures of 43 and of 48 have been determined (Figures 5 and 6), revealing the binding mode of these inhibitors which will aid further design.
Impact of Electronic-Hydraulic Hitch Control on Rational Exploitation of Tractor in Ploughing (2008)

The aim of the investigation was to compare and unveil efficiency of electro-hydraulic control (EHR) system to mechanical three point hitch regulation in mouldboard ploughing. Increase of working velocity and three point hitch automatic regulation activity decreased depth of ploughing at both regulation systems but electro-hydraulic system done it more accurately since deviation from default value was 10% less than at mechanical regulation system. Electro-hydraulic three point hitch control system decreased wheel slip up to 30% in comparison to mechanical regulation system. Net energy requirement at mechanical three point hitch regulation system spent 3% more energy than electro-hydraulic control system. If wheel slip reduction influenced by electro-hydraulic control system would be added one could account on greater energy savings than previously mentioned value. The greatest working rates were achieved at the greatest working velocity (8, 0 km h- 1), while exactly at that velocity the greatest working rate increase of 3, 8 % influenced by electro-hydraulic three point hitch control was noticed.
Proton magnetic resonance studies of alpha-keto acids (1975)

Pulsed Fourier transform proton magnetic resonance was used to study alpha-ketoglutaramic, and several other alpha-keto acids in aqueous solutions as a function of pH. Most alpha-keto acids were found to exist in equilibrium with the hydrate (gem-doil). The equilibrium position favors the nonhydrated alphs-keto acid at neutral pH, but at low pH values (below the pKa of the alpha-carboxylic acid group) the hydrate predominates. We found evidence that alpha-ketoglutaric acid exists in a third equilibrium form which is assigned to the lactol. alpha-Ketoglutaramic acid (the alpha-keto acid analog of glutamine) which is known to exist predominantly in a cyclic form at pH 7.0 was shown to exist as a cyclic structure over a wide pH range. However, the cyclic form is an equilibrium mixture of 2-pyrrolidone-5-hydroxy-5-carboxylic and 1-pyrrolin-2-one-5-carboxylic acids.
Rapid tissue regeneration induced by intracellular ATP delivery—A preliminary mechanistic study (2017)

We have reported a new phenomenon in acute wound healing following the use of intracellular ATP delivery-extremely rapid tissue regeneration, which starts less than 24 h after surgery, and is accompanied by massive macrophage trafficking, in situ proliferation, and direct collagen production. This unusual process bypasses the formation of the traditional provisional extracellular matrix and significantly shortens the wound healing process. Although macrophages/monocytes are known to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of wound healing, their in situ proliferation and direct collagen production in wound healing have never been reported previously. We have explored these two very specific pathways during wound healing, while excluding confounding factors in the in vivo environment by analyzing wound samples and performing in vitro studies. The use of immunohistochemical studies enabled the detection of in situ macrophage proliferation in ATP-vesicle treated wounds. Primary human macrophages and Raw 264.7 cells were used for an in vitro study involving treatment with ATP vesicles, free Mg-ATP alone, lipid vesicles alone, Regranex, or culture medium. Collagen type 1α 1, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were determined by ELISA of the culture supernatant. The intracellular collagen type 1α1 localization was determined with immunocytochemistry. ATP-vesicle treated wounds showed high immunoreactivity towards BrdU and PCNA antigens, indicating in situ proliferation. Most of the cultured macrophages treated with ATP-vesicles maintained their classic phenotype and expressed high levels of collagen type 1α1 for a longer duration than was observed with cells treated with Regranex. These studies provide the first clear evidence of in situ macrophage proliferation and direct collagen production during wound healing. These findings provide part of the explanation for the extremely rapid tissue regeneration, and this treatment may hold promise for acute and chronic wound care.
MASSIHN: a multi-agent architecture for intelligent home network service (2002)

The major design challenge in developing intelligent home network services is to organize effectively distributed and heterogeneous home devices. This article considers a mobile agent space based multi-agent architecture to meet this challenge. MASSIHN is a home network system that links consumer electronics and computing devices. The proposed Java based MASSIHN with mobile agents, may change the management functionality and the type of information collected to control various home network devices. MASSIHN supports TCP/IP, and can obtain data from MASS (mobile agent space system), encode the data into an XML document and then transfer the XML document to the server at the monitoring and management center. The end-users of MASSIHN can modify the parameters that govern their home appliances, and monitor their most recent home service states via the Internet from anywhere at any time. The business partners of MASSIHN can provide their customers with Internet services without constructing the backbone of a network, greatly reducing service cost. The proposed approach can execute MASSIHN applications from several commonly used devices such as PDAs and laptops.
Determination of organ substrate oxidationin vivo by measurement of13CO2 concentration in blood (1998)

Substrate oxidation by various organs in animals as well as in humans is usually studied by experiments in which radioactively labeled substrates are used and the production of 14CO2 is measured. In vivo, substrate oxidation by an organ has, up to now, not been determined by means of stable isotopes. Problems in the determination of the concentration of 13CO2 in blood may have impeded the use of 13C-labeled substrates. For the determination of 13CO2 concentration in blood a direct method for the determination of total CO2 concentration in blood was combined with the determination of the isotope ratio (13C/12C) of CO2 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The intra-assay relative standard deviation of the CO2 concentration (mean: 19.26 mmol l-1; n = 7) was 0.8%. The inter-assay relative standard deviation of the CO2 concentration in solutions of a weighed amount of Na2CO3 determined over a 5 year period was 0.64% (mean: 21.99 mmol l-1; n = 22). The intra-assay relative standard deviation of 13C in CO2 was 0.03% (mean 13C/12C: 0.0111557; n = 5). From the 13CO2 concentration in arterial and venous blood, substrate oxidation by various organs can be calculated. As an illustration, the determination of myocardial glucose oxidation in lambs, both at rest and during exercise, is described.
Cyclic and Polymeric Formals<sup>1</sup> (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic and Polymeric Formals1Julian W. Hill and Wallace H. CarothersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 5, 925–928Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01308a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01308a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch Planar Array Antennas With Improved Port-to-Port Isolation (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A method of preventing the degradation in the isolation between the orthogonal polarization ports caused by beamforming network routing in combined edge/aperture fed dual-polarized microstrip-patch planar array antennas is described. The simulated and measured performance of such planar arrays is demonstrated. Measured port isolations of 50 dB at center frequency, and more than 40 dB over a 4% bandwidth, are achieved. In addition, insight into the physical reasons for the improved port-to-port isolation levels, of the proposed element geometry and beamforming network layout, is obtained through prudent use of the electromagnetic modelling. </para>