gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbanions from .alpha.-phenylthio boronic esters as synthetic intermediates (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbanions from .alpha.-phenylthio boronic esters as synthetic intermediatesDonald S. Matteson and Karl H. ArneCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 2, 280–288Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00062a009https://doi.org/10.1021/om00062a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views707Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Projection Based Near-end Speech Detectors for Time Domain Adaptive Echo Cancellation (2013)

Abstract — Near-end Speech Detector (NSD) plays important role in maintaining convergence state of an Adaptive Filter (ADF) as well as turning ON/OFF of Non-Linear Processor (NLP) or Acoustic Echo Suppressor (AES) at proper time to avoid near-end signal chopping or distortion. In this paper, several simple and low complexity NSDs, based on projection between ADF input/output signals are presented. Mathematical investigation on setting of optimal threshold is done under the assumption of convergence state of the ADF. The real time problems associated with this projection based NSDs are analyzed theoretically as well as from their performance for real time recorded signals. Solutions to these problems are suggested to meet today’s quality requirement. I.
MODELOS ESTRUCTURALES DE LA MICELA DE CASEÍNA (2006)

Casein micelle constitutes a very stable milk colloidal system. This has significant practical implications especially regarding to casein gel formation and stability of dairy products during heating, concentration and storage. For that reason, the microstructure of the casein micelle has been intensively investigated during the last five decades. However, specific questions about micelle structure and stability are still arising as new instrumental methodologies become available.
Clinical assessment of hepatic de novo lipogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2016)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is heralded as the next big global epidemic. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), the synthesis of new fatty acids from non-lipid sources, is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of NAFLD. While there is currently no NAFLD-specific therapeutic agent available, pharmaceutical drugs aimed at reducing hepatic fat accretion may prove to be a powerful ally in the treatment and management of this disease. With a focus on NAFLD, the present review summarizes current techniques examining DNL from a clinical perspective, and describes the merits and limitations of three commonly used assays; stable-label isotope tracer studies, fatty acid indexes and indirect calorimetry as non-invasive measures of hepatic DNL. Finally, the application of DNL assessments in the pharmacological and nutraceutical treatment of NAFLD/NASH is summarized. In a clinical research setting, measures of DNL are an important marker in the development of anti-NAFLD treatments.
Size and Shape of Amyloid Fibrils Induced by Ganglioside Nanoclusters: Role of Sialyl Oligosaccharide in Fibril Formation (2017)

Ganglioside-enriched microdomains in the presynaptic neuronal membrane play a key role in the initiation of amyloid ß-protein (Aß) assembly related to Alzheimer's disease. We previously isolated lipids from a detergent-resistant membrane microdomain fraction of synaptosomes prepared from aged mouse brain and found that spherical Aß assemblies were formed on Aß-sensitive ganglioside nanoclusters (ASIGN) of reconstituted lipid bilayers in the synaptosomal fraction. In the present study, we investigated the role of oligosaccharides in Aß fibril formation induced by ganglioside-containing mixed lipid membranes that mimic the features of ASIGN. Ganglioside nanoclusters were constructed as ternary mixed lipid bilayers composed of ganglioside (GM1, GM2, GM3, GD1a, or GT1b), sphingomyelin, and cholesterol, and their surface topography was visualized by atomic force microscopy. Aß fibril formation on the nanocluster was strongly induced in the presence of 10 mol % ganglioside, and Aß-sensitive features were observed at cholesterol contents of 35-55 mol %. GM1-, GD1a-, and GT1b-containing membranes induced longer fibrils than those containing GD1b and GM2, indicating that the terminal galactose of GM1 along with N-acetylneuraminic acid accelerates protofibril elongation. These results demonstrate that Aß fibril formation is induced by ASIGN that are highly enriched ganglioside nanoclusters with a limited number of components and that the generation and elongation of Aß protofibrils are regulated by the oligosaccharide structure of gangliosides.
The posterior cruciate ligament in total knee surgery. Save, sacrifice, or substitute? (1994)

To determine the role of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty, 242 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties were included in 1 of 3 sequential groups. Group I included 77 Press Fit Condylar total knee replacements in which the posterior cruciate ligament was completely released from its tibial attachment. In Group II, there were 80 Press Fit Condylar total knee replacements in which the posterior cruciate ligament was retained. Group III consisted of 85 total knee replacements with a posterior cruciate-substituting device (Insall-Burstein II). All patients were observed at least 2 years and evaluated by the Knee Society's Clinical and Functional Scoring System, including a radiographic evaluation. No differences were found between the posterior cruciate ligament sacrificed group and the posterior cruciate ligament preserved group. The 1 significant difference among the 3 groups was in range of motion (ROM). Groups I and II averaged 103 degrees and 104 degrees motion respectively, whereas Group III, the posterior cruciate-substituting group, averaged 112 degrees (p = 0.001). In addition, only in Group III was the lower 95% confidence limit of the mean ROM > 90 degrees. These findings suggest that preserving the posterior cruciate ligament does not consistently lead to improved functional ROM. The posterior cruciate ligament-substituting device historically has demonstrated excellent survivorship and appears to offer greater ROM.
Concepts of Combinatorial Chemistry and Combinatorial Technologies (2000)

Combinatorial Chemistry andCombinatorialTechnology(CC/CT) are a new interdisciplinary field joining computer-assistedcombinatorialchemistrywithautomatedparallelsyn-thesis of chemical ilibrariesi followed by automated screen-ing.The main purpose of computer assisted combinatorialchemistry is to generate thousands structurally diverse com-poundsaslibraries,maximisingtheirdiversity,whicharethenconsidered in an experimental parallel automated synthesisandscreeningonthebasisoftheirproperties.ThekeyissueistointegrateallimportantstepsofCC/CTinasingle,multidis-ciplinary approach.Thisnascenttechnologyalreadyproducedmorenewcom-pounds in just a few years than the pharmaceutical industrydidin itsentire history.Combinatorial chemistry has turned traditional chemistryupsidedown.Itrequiredchemistsnottothinkintermsofsyn-thesizing single, well-characterized compounds but in termsof simultaneously synthesizing large populations of com-pounds.Italsorequiredthatthosepeopleinvolvedwithinfor-mation management and computational chemistry systemsaddressthese same issuesas the chemists.WhileCC/CThadthegreatestimpactonthedrugindustry,combinatorialmethodsneednotberestrictedtopharmaceuti-calapplications.Wheneverhighnumbersofcompoundshaveto be prepared for testing, this technique can be used. Forexample, agricultural research, new materials and new cata-lysts research and development stand to gain from this tech-nology.However,forthetimebeing,mainemphasisisstillonpharmaceutical research. Most major pharmaceutical compa-nies are active in the field. It is generally accepted that themethod has a great potential for finding leads in the drugdiscoveryprocesswherethetechnologyisexpectedtocontri-bute to the reduction in time and cost.Many countries have emphasized the urgent need to getacquainted with Combinatorial Technologies in order to en-ablelocalenterprisestoremaincompetitiveandeconomicallyviableinthecomingdecadesandgainexpertiseonapplicationpracticesofcombinatorialtechnology.Inviewofglobalcom-petition, CC/CT together with molecular modeling may beconsideredaspowerfultoolsfortheimplementationand/ortheincreaseofacountryiscapabilitiesindrugdesign,agrochem-istry, new materials and new catalysts. The above considera-tions become even more significant if it is taken into accountthatmanycountrieshaveabundantnaturalresourceswhicharepresentlywellbelowtheirproperexploitation.Combinatorialchemistry can enhancethe potential of theseresources.
A low-permittivity interconnection using an SiBN interlayer (1989)

A low-permittivity two-level interconnection process is presented. The key features of this process are the use of a low dielectric constant SiBN interlayer and the adoption of planarization using a two-stage etch-back process. The SiBN film is characterized from the standpoint of its device applications. The two-level interconnection process flow is described in detail. The effect of the SiBN interlayer in reducing the second wiring capacitance is compared to that of a conventional silicon nitride interlayer. This is demonstrated by fabricating a 33-stage ECL ring oscillator and a 2.1 kG macrocell array LSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basics of the action of monochromatic visible and near IR (laser) radiation on cells (2002)

The following topics are discussed: quantitative laws of light action; primary mechanisms of light action; secondary reactions; controversies and limitations.
Norms and National Security: The WTO as a Catalyst for Inquiry (2001)

In this brief essay, I argue that, in principle, the United States' position involves a wholly legitimate definition of "security interests" and that the US stance, rather than representing a retreat from international legal norms, reflects and contributes to them. In making this claim, I rely on the legal and social history following World War II that has integrated into the concept of security interests a concern for human rights conditions in other countries. Based on this history, I submit that the US invocation of the particular defense-that another state's severe mistreatment of its citizens threatens US security interests-accords with emergent international norms. Of course, the US taking this position before the WTO may diminish compliance with international trading obligations. However, the dimension that I explore here- consistency with and furtherance of robust international norms of security-should be taken into account in rendering any broad assessment of the relationship between the US actions and international norms. Indeed, I use the opportunity of this essay to suggest a few implications this particular dimension has for understanding the construction and operation of international norms more generally. While the WTO controversy mainly provides the occasion for starting such a discussion, it is also important to analyze the discussion's particular importance for the WTO. Let me first address some of those issues before examining the broader theme of normative constructions of security and human rights.
Reactive Ion Etching Mechanism of RuO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films in Oxygen Plasma with the Addition of CF<sub>4</sub>, Cl<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub> (1998)

In this study, we thoroughly investigated the reactive ion etching mechanism of RuO 2 film in oxygen plasma with the addition of CF 4 , Cl 2 , and N 2 . The etch rate of RuO 2 was examined as functions of flow rates of input gases, substrate temperature, DC bias applied to the substrate, and pressure. The concentrations of the etching species in the plasma were determined using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The etch products were determined with a QMS and the etched surface of RuO 2 film was examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). RuO 4 and RuO 3 , which are formed by the reactions between RuO 2 film and oxygen radicals, are the only etch products regardless of the kind of additive gas. The additive gases (CF 4 , Cl 2 , and N 2 ) are not directly involved in the chemical reaction with the RuO 2 film, but they increase the concentration of oxygen radicals and accordingly, appreciably increase the etch rate of the RuO 2 films. The etch rate is limited by the formation rate of the etch products, which is enhanced by the bombardment of energetic ions. Therefore, the etch rate depends not only on the concentration of oxygen radicals, but also on the flux and energy of the ions bombarding the film surface. In this study, for the first time, we introduced the use of the O 2 /N 2 plasma system in RuO 2 etching.
FEBRUARY (2015)

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Imaging of cholinergic terminals using the radiotracer [18F](+)-4-fluorobenzyltrozamicol: In vitro binding studies and positron emission tomography studies in nonhuman primates (1997)

The goal of the present set of studies was to characterize the in vitro binding properties and in vivo tissue kinetics for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAcChT) radiotracer, [18F](+)-4-fluorobenzyltrozamicol ([18F](+)-FBT). In vitro binding studies were conducted in order to determine the affinity of the (+)- and (-)-stereoisomers of FBT for the VAcChT as well as sigma (sigma 1 and sigma 2) receptors. (+)-FBT was found to have a high affinity (Ki = 0.22 nM) for the VAcChT and lower affinities for sigma 1 (21.6 nM) and sigma 2 (35.9 nM) receptors, whereas (-)-FBT had similar affinities for the VAcChT and sigma 1 receptors (approximately 20 nM) and a lower affinity for sigma 2 (110 nM) receptors. PET imaging studies were conducted in rhesus monkeys (n = 3) with [18F](+)-FBT. [18F](+)-FBT was found to have a high accumulation and slow rate of washout from the basal ganglia, which is consistent with the labeling of cholinergic interneurons in this brain region. [18F](+)-FBT also displayed reversible binding kinetics during the 3 h time course of PET and produced radiolabeled metabolites that did not cross the blood-brain barrier. The results from the current in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that [18F](+)-FBT is a promising ligand for studying cholinergic terminal density, with PET, via the VAcChT.
Solution-based deployment of complex application services on a Cloud (2010)

Managing and containing runaway IT costs for solution deployment is one of the top priorities for enterprises. Cloud Computing, with its on-demand provisioning capability on shared resources, has emerged as a new paradigm for reducing IT costs. In this paper, we describe a solution-based provisioning mechanism to automate the deployment of complex application services on a Cloud infrastructure. We introduce the concept of Composite Appliance and show how it can be used to deploy a complete solution and to simplify management tasks. We illustrate the advantages of our approach with a prototype solution consisting of two-tier application services that are deployed and configured automatically on virtual machine instances without manual intervention.
KLF4 mediates the link between TGF-β1-induced gene transcription and H3 acetylation in vascular smooth muscle cells (2015)

Transcriptional activation by transcription factors is coupled with histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling. However, the relationship between TGF-β1-induced gene transcription by Krüppel-like factor (KLF)-4 and histone acetylation remains unknown. In our study, KLF4 overexpression or knockdown, respectively increased or decreased H3 acetylation and p300 occupancy, which is concentrated in the region containing TGF-β1 control elements (TCEs) of the genes by TGF-β1 regulation during vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation. Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) formed a complex with KLF4 to inhibit the phosphorylation of the latter in basal conditions. After TGF-β1 signaling activation, PTEN was phosphorylated by p38 MAPK or PI3K/Akt signaling, phosphorylated PTEN lost its ability to dephosphorylate KLF4, and the cofactors interacting with KLF4 switched from PTEN to p300. Then, KLF4-p300 complexes were recruited to KLF4-binding sites of the gene promoter of VSMCs, to acetylate histone H3 and activate transcription. In addition, phosphorylated KLF4 enhanced p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity via the p38 MAPK pathway, which may be responsible for H3 acetylation. Taken together, the results of our study reveal a novel mechanism whereby KLF4 mediates the link between TGF-β1-induced gene transcription activation and H3 acetylation during VSMC differentiation.
Purification and characterization of rat‐liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (1988)

Rat liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase has been purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified from tiadenol-induced rat liver 540-fold with respect to trans-stilbene oxide as a substrate. Similar purification was obtained with the substrates trans-beta-ethyl styrene oxide and styrene 7,8-oxide, the specific activities decreasing in the order trans-beta-ethyl styrene oxide greater than styrene 7,8-oxide greater than trans-stilbene oxide. The enzyme exerts highest activity at pH 7.4 Km and Vmax of the pure enzyme for trans-stilbene oxide were 1.7 microM and 205 nmol x min-1 x mg protein-1 respectively. With trans-stilbene oxide as a substrate, the inhibition by organic solvents (2.5% by vol.) increased in the order ethanol less than methanol less than acetone less than isopropanol = N,N-dimethyl formamide less than acetonitrile less than tetrahydrofuran. The native enzyme, with a molecular mass of 120 kDa, consists of two 61-kDa subunits. Digestion of rat liver cytosolic and microsomal epoxide hydrolase by three proteases resulted in markedly different peptide maps. Western-blot analysis with antiserum against rat liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase revealed a single band with the purified enzyme, and with liver cytosol from control and clofibrate-induced rats. No cross-reactivity was observed with purified rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase or microsomes. A positive reaction at the same molecular mass was obtained with liver cytosol of mouse, guinea pig, Syrian hamster and New Zealand white rabbit but not with that of green monkey.
Clinical significance of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 in Kawasaki disease (2013)

Objective
To investigate the expression level of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 in Kawasaki di-sease (KD), and explore its clinical significance.


Methods
Fifty-four patients with KD were divided into 2 groups [13 patients with coronary artery lesions(CAL) and 41 patients without CAL], and 30 age-matched patients with sepsis and 10 healthy children were studied. The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 was measured by flow cytometry.


Results
Before treatment, the levels of CD64 in children with KD(7.02±3.21)and sepsis(11.25±5.14) were significantly higher than the healthy children (2.45±0.52), and the level of CD64 in the KD group was significantly lower than that in sepsis group(P<0.01). CD64 index were significantly elevated in the 2 groups of KD patients before treatment (CAL group: 5.74±3.09; without CAL: 7.43±3.17). There was no significant difference in the CD64 level between KD patients with CAL and without CAL. CD64 index in the 2 groups of KD patients after treatment (CAL group: 2.56±0.73; without CAL: 2.63±0.69) were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P<0.01).


Conclusions
The expression of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 in KD is significantly elevated. The degree of elevation in CD64 possibly has clinical meaning in differentiating KD from sepsis, and it can be a sensitive factor of disease outcome.


Key words: 
Kawasaki disease; Sepsis; CD64
A treatment process for removal of mixed inorganic and organic arsenic species from groundwater (1999)

Abstract A process was developed to treat contaminated groundwater containing mixed inorganic and organic arsenic to less than the current U.S. drinking water standard of < 50 μg/L. The treatment efficiency of the process was investigated under various operating conditions. Samples were analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method and the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method. Species present in the contaminated water included arsenic (III), arsenic (V), and organic arsenic compounds. Fenton's reagent was used as the oxidizing agent in the treatment process. To define the design parameter s for the process, the bench‐scale study addressed: (1) the amount of iron required to achieve a soluble arsenic concentration of < 50 μg/L in the treated effluent, (2) the amount of hydrogen peroxide required during the oxidation process, (3) the effect of pH, and (4) the required reaction time. The results revealed that each of the above operating parameters have a significant effect on the treatment efficiency. To achieve a soluble arsenic concentration of < 50 μg/L, an iron to arsenic weight ratio of 10 to 1 is required for this type of groundwater. The data also revealed that as the dosage of hydrogen peroxide increased, the concentration of soluble arsenic in the treated effluent decreased until a hydrogen peroxide to iron weight ratio of 1 to 2 was reached. Maximum treatment efficiency was obtained at a pH between 2.5 and 3.0 Standard Units (S.U.). More than 99 percent of the arsenic was removed from the sample within the first five minutes of the reaction.
Reduced toxoplasmastatic activity of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from AIDS patients is mediated via prostaglandin E2 (1995)

PGE2 is involved in the reduced toxoplasmastatic activity of monocytes and MDM from AIDS patients.