gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia (karela). (1981)

The effect of karela (Momordica charantia), a fruit indigenous to South America and Asia, on glucose and insulin concentrations was studied in nine non-insulin-dependent diabetics and six non-diabetic laboratory rats. A water-soluble extract of the fruits significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test in the diabetics and after force-feeding in the rats. Fried karela fruits consumed as a daily supplement to the diet produced a small but significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Improvement in glucose tolerance was not associated with an increase in serum insulin responses. These results show that karela improves glucose tolerance in diabetes. Doctors supervising Asian diabetics should be aware of the fruit's hypoglycaemic properties.
Soil Properties and Nutrients Availability in Contrasting Natural, Plantation and Deforested Barren Land of Lawachara Forest of Bangladesh (2017)

Deforestation has a profound effect on soil properties like soil reaction (pH), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents which are eventually affected by the soil type, management and local climate across eco-regions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the objective to assess the response of these vital soil physical and chemical properties to changes in land covers arising from the conversion of natural forest of Lawachara National Park (LNP) to deforested barren land and plantation. Vegetative study was conducted with an aim to list and analyze the available species of LNP to have an impression of composition and type of the forest, particularly of the sample plots which were subjected to soil analysis. Jam ( Syzygium spp.) was found as the dominant species for all parts of the natural forest followed by Chapalish ( Artocarpus chama ), while Lohakat ( Xylia dolabriformis ) was the mostly abundant and dominant species followed by Raktan ( Lophopetalum fimbriatam ) in the plantation forest. The mean height and diameter of trees in plantation forest were 9.95 m and 31 cm respectively both of which were higher than the corresponding values of trees in natural forest that were 6.82 m and 21 cm respectively. Results of soil sample analysis revealed a subsequent deterioration in quality of soil resources caused by deforestation in the LNP which were restored by the re-forestation. Contents of soil organic matter and organic carbon were significantly affected, consequently, declination of total N, K and P was found in the deforested barren land in the surface as well as subsurface layers (5-15 cm and 15-30 cm). The other affected soil properties were the increase of particle density, decrease of soil moisture and increasing acidity in the deforested barren land compared to the natural or plantation forest. It can be noted that such declination of soil properties could have rendered soil erosion, reduction of soil fertility and land degradation which subsequently has tremendous implications for sustainable productivity and ecosystem functioning of the LNP.
La PCR quantitative : un nouvel outil pour l'analyse médicale. (1993)

Depuis 1988, des methodes de mesure quantitative de l'ADN et de l'ARN ont ete decrites, a partir d'une amplification par PCR. La quantification du produit est le premier probleme a resoudre, la reproductibilite et l'etalonnage sont critiques du fait de la tres grande sensibilite de cette technique. L'ajout d'une reference interne ou externe, la plus proche possible du produit a mesurer, est indispensable. Des methodes sont en plein developpement, telles que quantification par competition et immuno-PCR, qui permettent d'envisager que la PCR quantitative devienne une methode de mesure de routine clinique
Induced overvoltages on an AC-DC hybrid transmission system (1995)

Adding a DC circuit to an existing transmission line is one method of significantly increasing the power transfer capability of a transmission corridor. The resulting hybrid system has significant coupling between the AC and DC circuits, not only because of the proximity of the circuits, but also from the fact that they may share the same sending end or receiving end AC systems. The resultant interaction produces overvoltages on the DC system which can be somewhat higher than for a conventional DC scheme. This paper presents a study of these overvoltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Two-dimensional sequence compression using MPEG</title> (1998)

This paper presents a technique to use the MPEG-2 compression scheme to compress a 2D array of images. The technique operates over two spatial dimensions, instead of the normal temporal dimension. This compression is crucial to interactive image-based rendering techniques, which allow virtual walk-throughs of texture-rich scenes. Since the MPEG schemes can achieve high compression with minimal image degradation, the large storage problems are reduced. This increase the applicability of image-based rendering on standard workstations or personal computers. Results are compared against previously presented compression schemes for image-based rendering.
Autologous transplantation of canine long-term marrow culture cells genetically marked by retroviral vectors (1992)

Retroviral infection of bone marrow cells in long-term marrow cultures (LTMCs) offers several theoretical advantages over other methods for gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. To investigate the feasibility of this approach in a large animal model system, we subjected LTMCs from nine dogs to multiple infections with retrovirus containing the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) during 21 days of culture. Feeder layers, cocultivation, polycations, and selection were not used. The in vitro gene transfer efficiency was 70% as determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of neo sequences in colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) obtained from day-21 LTMCs. Day-21 LTMC cells were infused into autologous recipients with (four dogs) and without (three dogs) marrow-ablative conditioning. At 3 months posttransplant, up to 10% of marrow cells contained the neo gene. This percentage declined to 0.1% to 1% at 10 to 21 months posttransplant. Neo was also detected in individual CFU-GM, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), and CFU-Mix progenitors derived from marrow up to 21 months postinfusion and in cultures of peripheral blood-derived T cells up to 19 months postinfusion. There was no difference in the percentage of neo-marked cells present when dogs that received marrow ablative conditioning were compared with dogs receiving no conditioning. Detection of neo-marked marrow cells almost 2 years after autologous transplantation in a large mammalian species shows that retroviral infection of marrow cells in LTMCs is a potentially nontoxic and efficient protocol for gene transfer. Further, our results suggest that marrow conditioning and in vivo selection pressure to retain transplanted cells may not be absolute requirements for the retention of genetically marked cells in vivo.
Implantable and ingestible medical devices with wireless telemetry functionalities: A review of current status and challenges (2013)

Wireless medical telemetry permits the measurement of physiological signals at a distance through wireless technologies. One of the latest applications is in the field of implantable and ingestible medical devices (IIMDs) with integrated antennas for wireless radiofrequency (RF) communication (telemetry) with exterior monitoring/control equipment. Implantable medical devices (MDs) perform an expanding variety of diagnostic and therapeutic functions, while ingestible MDs receive significant attention in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Design of such wireless IIMD telemetry systems is highly intriguing and deals with issues related to: operation frequency selection, electronics and powering, antenna design and performance, and modeling of the wireless channel. In this paper, we attempt to comparatively review the current status and challenges of IIMDs with wireless telemetry functionalities. Full solutions of commercial IIMDs are also recorded. The objective is to provide a comprehensive reference for scientists and developers in the field, while indicating directions for future research.
Induced pluripotent stem cells offer new approach to therapy in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia and option in prenatal diagnosis in genetic diseases (2009)

The innovation of reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells provides a possible new approach to treat beta-thalassemia and other genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be made from these patients' somatic cells and the mutation in the beta-globin gene corrected by gene targeting, and the cells differentiated into hematopoietic cells to be returned to the patient. In this study, we reprogrammed the skin fibroblasts of a patient with homozygous beta(0) thalassemia into iPS cells, and showed that the iPS cells could be differentiated into hematopoietic cells that synthesized hemoglobin. Prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion have been effective in decreasing the number of beta-thalassemia births in some countries that have instituted carrier screening and genetic counseling. To make use of the cells from the amniotic fluid or chorionic villus sampling that are used for prenatal diagnosis, we also showed that these cells could be reprogrammed into iPS cells. This raises the possibility of providing a new option following prenatal diagnosis of a fetus affected by a severe illness. Currently, the parents would choose either to terminate the pregnancy or continue it and take care of the sick child after birth. The cells for prenatal diagnosis can be converted into iPS cells for treatment in the perinatal periods. Early treatment has the advantage of requiring much fewer cells than adult treatment, and can also prevent organ damage in those diseases in which damage can begin in utero or at an early age.
Cross-Study Validation and Combined Analysis of Microarray Data for Cancer Using Vector Cosine Angle Method (2005)

Cross-study validation and combined analysis of microarray data is critical in genomic analysis. With so much genetic expression data being produced by microarrays in the study of cancer, knowing the extent to which these studies agree can provide valuable insight. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore used Pearson correlation coefficient to develop a system for performing cross-study comparisons of gene expression profiles, found in three separate lung cancer studies, for validation and integration. This paper presents a vector cosine angle method to validate and analyze cross-study of microarray data for cancer and compare the robust of cross-study vector cosine angle validation with that of cross-study Pearson correlation validation. Results show it is effective and robust.
<i>wARP</i>: Improvement and Extension of Crystallographic Phases by Weighted Averaging of Multiple-Refined Dummy Atomic Models (1997)

wARP is a procedure that substantially improves crystallographic phases (and subsequently electron-density maps) as an additional step after density-modification methods such as solvent flattening and averaging. The initial phase set is used to create a number of dummy atom models which are subjected to least-squares or maximum-likelihood refinement and iterative model updating in an automated refinement procedure (ARP). Averaging of the phase sets calculated from the refined output models and weighting of structure factors by their similarity to an average vector results in a phase set that improves and extends the initial phases substantially. An important requirement is that the native data have a maximum resolution beyond approximately 2.4 A. The wARP procedure shortens the time-consuming step of model building in crystallographic structure determination and helps to prevent the introduction of errors.
Toward Memory-Based Human Motion Simulation: Development and Validation of a Motion Modification Algorithm (2004)

Computer simulation of human motions helps test hypotheses on human motion planning and fosters timely and high-quality human-machine/environment interaction design. The current study introduces a novel simulation approach termed memory-based motion simulation (MBMS), and presents its key element "motion modification" (MoM) algorithm. The proposed approach implements a computational model inspired by the generalized motor program (GMP) theory. Operationally, when a novel motion scenario is submitted to the MBMS system, its motion database is searched to find relevant existing motions. The selected motions, referred to as "root motions", most likely do not meet exactly the novel motion scenario, and therefore, they need to be modified by the MoM algorithm. This algorithm derives a parametric representation of possible variants of a root motion in a GMP-like manner, and adjusts the parameter values such that the new modified motion satisfies the novel motion scenario, while retaining the root motion's overall angular movement pattern and inter-joint coordination. An evaluation of the prediction capability of the algorithm, using both seated upper body reaching and whole-body load-transfer motions, indicated that the algorithm can accurately predict various human motions with errors comparable to the inherent variability in human motions when repeated under identical task conditions.
Deep Neural Network Approximation using Tensor Sketching (2017)

Deep neural networks are powerful learning models that achieve state-of-the-art performance on many computer vision, speech, and language processing tasks. In this paper, we study a fundamental question that arises when designing deep network architectures: Given a target network architecture can we design a smaller network architecture that approximates the operation of the target network? The question is, in part, motivated by the challenge of parameter reduction (compression) in modern deep neural networks, as the ever increasing storage and memory requirements of these networks pose a problem in resource constrained environments. In this work, we focus on deep convolutional neural network architectures, and propose a novel randomized tensor sketching technique that we utilize to develop a unified framework for approximating the operation of both the convolutional and fully connected layers. By applying the sketching technique along different tensor dimensions, we design changes to the convolutional and fully connected layers that substantially reduce the number of effective parameters in a network. We show that the resulting smaller network can be trained directly, and has a classification accuracy that is comparable to the original network.
Modification of the Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steels with an Electroactive Coating (1985)

Electroactive polyaniline coatings have been deposited on ferritic stainless steels. The coatings appear to be deposited over the passive metal oxide film but can undergo electron transfer with the metal. Polyaniline immobilized on the alloys imparts a form of anodic protection which stabilizes the materials in mineral acids. Electrochemical and SEM characterization results are presented, and effects of coating application techniques are discussed. Oscillations in the open‐circuit voltage occur in solutions containing a high enough concentration of chloride ion to initiate pitting at potentials dictated by the coating. Inhibition of localized corrosion may also be obtainable for favorable systems.
<title>Ultra-high coulomb energy in position controlled grown carbon nanotube</title> (2002)

A carbon nanotube is one of the best candidates for the nano-scale devices because of its small features. The problem of the carbon nanotube is the difficulty how to control the position and the direction of the carbon nanotube. So far, the carbon nanotube was dispersed in to the alcohol and distributed onto the substrate, and was connected to the metal electrode by moving the carbon nanotube by AFM cantilever to the electrode. This process took a lot of time and showed low yield. In order to solve this problem, we proposed the new technology that could control the position of the carbon nanotube by using the patterned chemical catalyst. The three terminal device which used the carbon nanotube as a channel was fabricated and its electrical properties were examined. The carbon nanotube three terminal device showed the single electron transistor characteristics and showed the room temperature Coulomb diamond characteristics. The Coulomb temperature of the device is as high as approximately 5000 K.
A novel DNA-binding domain that may form a single zinc finger motif (1995)

MNB1a is a DNA-binding protein from maize that interacts with the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. This protein did not show significant homologies with any other DNA-binding protein and MNB1a seemed to be a member of a multigene family. In this study, isolation of cDNAs from the gene family to which MNB1a belongs revealed a unique conserved domain, referred to herein as the Dof domain, that contains a novel cysteine-rich motif for a single putative zinc finger. The amino acid sequence of the Dof domain and the arrangement of cysteine residues in this domain differ from those of known zinc finger motifs. However, the Dof domain was shown to be a DNA-binding domain that required Zn2+ ions for activity. Mutations at cysteine residues eliminated the DNA-binding activity of MNB1a. Thus, the Dof domain may be classified as a novel zinc finger motif. In addition, Southern blot analysis and a survey of DNA databases suggested that proteins that include Dof domains might exist in other eukaryotes, at least in the plant kingdom.
Threaded cortical bone dowels for lumbar interbody fusion: over 1-year mean follow up in 28 patients (2001)

Analysis of the mean 12.3 month follow-up data indicates that there is a dramatically higher fusion rate in PLIF compared with ALIF procedures when TCBDs are used. The authors believe that it is important to note that in all the PLIF procedures except one, supplemental pedicle screw/rod constructs were used, whereas in ALIF procedures no supplemental fixation was performed. The results thus suggest that TCBDs are best used in PLIF in conjunction with pedicle screw and rod constructs.
Electrochemically Generated Colored Films of Insoluble Viologen Radical Compounds (1974)

Electrochemical reactions that produce a change of light absorption in the visible region can be used in display devices. The reduction of the 4,4'‐di‐pyridinium compounds or viologens to stable blue radicals is very promising in this respect. It was found that in aqueous solution the solubility of the radical is remarkably lower than that of the oxidized form. It turned out that the solubility depends on the kind of anion and the magnitude of the viologen radical ion.
Targeting of a Conformationally Exposed, Tumor-Specific Epitope of EGFR as a Strategy for Cancer Therapy (2012)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its most common extracellular mutant, EGFRvIII, are important therapeutic targets in multiple cancer types. A number of monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors against these receptors are now used for anticancer treatments. New insights into the structure and function of these receptors illustrate how they can be targeted in novel ways, with expected improvements in the therapeutic efficacy. Monoclonal antibody 806 (mAb806) is an antibody that targets a conformationally exposed epitope of wild-type EGFR when it is overexpressed on tumor cells or in the presence of oncogenic mutations such as EGFRvIII. The mechanism of action of mAb806, which allows for EGFR inhibition without normal tissue toxicity, creates opportunities for combination therapy and strongly suggests mAb806 will be a superior targeted delivery system for antitumor agents. Targeting of the epitope for mAb806 also appears to be an improved strategy to inhibit tumors that express EGFRvIII. This concept of conformational epitope targeting by antibodies reflects an underlying interplay between the structure and biology of different conformational forms of the EGFR family.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2006)

The inflammatory bowel diseases remain at the forefront of clinical investigation. Immunologic and genetic advances are fueling an explosion of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. With further breakthroughs, there is hope that in the near future, these illnesses will no longer be considered either idiopathic or chronic.
Fano resonance and orbital filtering in multiply connected carbon nanotubes (2005)

We investigate the electron transport in multiply connected metallic carbon nanotubes within the Landauer-B\"uttiker formalism. Quasibound states coupled to the incident ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ states give rise to energy levels of different widths depending on the coupling strength. In particular, donorlike states originating from heptagonal rings are found to give a very narrow level. Interference between broad and narrow levels produces Fano-type resonant backscattering as well as resonant tunneling. Over a significantly wide energy range, almost perfect suppression of the conduction of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ electrons occurs, which may be regarded as filtering of particular electrons ($\ensuremath{\pi}$-pass filter).
Enhanced Raman and photoluminescence response in monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> due to laser healing of defects (2017)

Bound quasiparticles, negatively charged trions and neutral excitons are associated with the direct optical transitions at the K‐points of the Brillouin zone for monolayer MoS 2 . The change in the carrier concentration, surrounding dielectric constant, and defect concentration can modulate the photoluminescence and Raman spectra. Here, we show that exposing the monolayer MoS 2 in air to a modest laser intensity for a brief period of time enhances simultaneously the photoluminescence intensity associated with both trions and excitons, together with ∼3 to 5 times increase of the Raman intensity of first‐order and second‐order modes. The simultaneous increase of photoluminescence from trions and excitons cannot be understood based only on known scenario of depletion of electron concentration in MoS 2 by adsorption of O 2 and H 2 O molecules. This is explained by laser‐induced healing of defect states resulting in reduction of nonradiative Auger processes. This laser healing is corroborated by an observed increase of intensity of both the first‐order and second‐order longitudinal acoustic Raman modes at the M‐point of Brillouin zone by a factor of ∼3 to 5. The A 1g mode hardens by ∼1.4 cm −1 , whereas the mode softens by ∼1 cm −1 . The second‐order longitudinal acoustic Raman mode at the M‐point of Brillouin zone at ∼440 cm −1 shows an increase in wavenumber by ∼8 cm −1 with laser exposure. These changes are a combined effect of change in electron concentrations and oxygen‐induced lattice displacements. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.