gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D graph-based automated segmentation of corneal layers in anterior-segment optical coherence tomography images of mice (2014)

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that allows for the quantitative assessment of corneal thicknesses. Automated approaches for these measurements are not readily available and therefore measurements are often obtained manually. While graph-based approaches that enable the optimal simultaneous segmentation of multiple 3D surfaces have been proposed and applied to 3D optical coherence tomography volumes of the back of the eye, such approaches have not been applied for the segmentation of the corneal surfaces. In this work we propose adapting this graph-based method for the automated 3D segmentation of three corneal surfaces in AS-OCT images and to measure total corneal thickness. The approach is evaluated based on 34 AS-OCT volumes obtained from both eyes of 17 mice with varying corneal thicknesses. The segmentation accuracy was assessed using unsigned border positioning errors and was found to be 1.82 +/- 0.81 μm. We also assessed an average relative error in total layer thickness measurements which was found to be 2.27%.
Analytic signal processing in music computation (1979)

Digital synthesis of music has led to the consideration of models other than the usual additive (Fourier) synthesis of waveforms. One of these methods, based on the FM equation, has been found to be of particular value due to its easy implementation and the richness and evolutionary character of its harmonic structure in time. Any useful synthesis procedure should be accompanied by a corresponding analytic procedure. In this paper we lay the foundations for such a procedure based on the discrete Hilbert transform.
Cluster Graphs as Abstractions for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (2009)

In a constraint satisfaction problem, the tightness of an individual constraint only describes the influence that the variables within its scope have on one another. Clusters provide a broader view; they are dense, tight subproblems within a problem. A set of clusters for a problem and the links between them provide an abstraction of it. That abstraction can be used to guide search, to curtail inference, and to provide explanations to the user. This work is a hybrid of global and local search, where local search creates an abstraction and then global search exploits it. Heuristics reference clusters to order variables and to propagate more thoughtfully with respect to them. Results are provided on a variety of challenging benchmark problems.
Pharmacokinetic interaction of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole. (1985)

It is often recommended that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and dipyridamole should be given together in order to obtain secondary prophylaxis against certain ischaemic diseases. Therefore, the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between these agents were assessed following single-dose exposures in 14 healthy volunteers. The plasma concentrations of ASA, salicylic acid (SA) and dipyridamole were measured by selective h.p.l.c. techniques. It was found that, while dipyridamole kinetics were unaffected by concurrent ASA, concurrent dipyridamole significantly enhanced the peak concentration (24%) and AUC (27%) of ASA. Thus, co-administered dipyridamole might influence the anti-platelet effect of ASA.
Noninvasive cardiac output and blood pressure monitoring cannot replace an invasive monitoring system in critically ill patients (2009)

Although the noninvasive CO measurement appears promising, the noninvasive blood pressure assessment is clearly less reliable than the invasively measured blood pressure. Therefore, according to the present data application of the Nexfin HD monitoring system in the ICU cannot be recommended generally. Whether such a tool might be reliable in certain critically ill patients remains to be determined.
Influence of Level and Source of Dietary Fat on Its Comparative Feeding Value in Finishing Diets for Steers: Feedlot Cattle Growth and Performance (1989)

Two hundred twenty-eight crossbred steers (304 kg) were used in a 125-d comparative slaughter trial to evaluate the influence of level and source of supplemental fats on their feeding value for feedlot cattle. Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-rolled, barley-based finishing diet containing 1) no supplemental fat; 2) 4% yellow grease (YG); 3) 4% blended animal-vegetable fat (BVF); 4) 8% YG; 5) 8% BVF or 6) 6% BVF and 2% crude soybean lecithin. Increasing level of supplemental fat in the diet resulted in linear improvements (P less than .01) in weight gain, feed conversion and NE value of the diet. Estimated NE values of YG and BVF were similar and did not appear to be influenced by level of supplementation, averaging 5.78 and 4.61 Mcal/kg for maintenance and gain, respectively. Fat supplementation resulted in linear increases in empty body fat (P less than .01), kidney, pelvic and heart fat (P less than .01) and marbling score (P less than .05). Partially replacing BVF with lecithin did not influence (P greater than .10) steer performance, carcass merit or estimated NE value of the diet. The comparative feeding value (in terms of both diet acceptability and NE value) of the supplemental fats tested was similar and was apparently not influenced by level of supplementation up to 8% of diet DM.
Inhibition ofToxoplasma gondiiReplication by Dinitroaniline Herbicides (1996)

Submicromolar concentrations of several dinitroaniline herbicides have been found to specifically inhibit intracellular replication of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. IC50 concentrations for T. gondii survival were approximately 100 nM for ethalfluralin and oryzalin and approximately 300 nM for trifluralin. Primary human fibroblasts employed as host cells for parasite culture were unaffected at > 100-fold higher concentrations. Extracellular parasites were unaffected by these drugs, but within 8 hr after treatment of infected cell cultures, intracellular tachyzoites formed large amorphous bodies containing distorted nuclei. Parasite cytokinesis was completely blocked by drug treatment; nucleic acid synthesis, however, continued at near-normal levels for several days in the continuous presence of drug. All dinitroanilines appear to block nuclear division by inhibition of intranuclear spindle formation, but other cytoskeletal components were differentially affected by the various drugs tested. Subpellicular microtubules were absent in oryzalin-treated parasites, and large fragments of the inner membrane complex were observed throughout the parasite cytoplasm. In contrast, subpellicular microtubules and the inner membrane complex remained intact in ethalfluralin-treated parasites, but the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope were highly distended. Cytoskeletal elements associated with the conoid were not affected by any of the dinitroanilines tested, and treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 failed to trigger release of drug-treated parasites from infected cells. Mutant parasites resistant to oryzalin, ethalfluralin, or trifluralin were selected by chemical mutagenesis and examined for cross-resistance. An ethalfluralin-resistant mutant displayed cross-resistance to both oryzalin and trifluralin, while a trifluralin-resistant mutant was sensitive to oryzalin and only partially resistant ethalfluralin; an oryzalin-resistant mutant exhibited higher resistance to ethalfluralin and trifluralin than to oryzalin itself. Similarities between Apicomplexan and plant tubulin are discussed.
Accelerated Turnover of Metaphyseal Trabecular Bone in Mice Overexpressing Cathepsin K (2001)

This study is based on a hypothesis that overexpression of an osteoclast enzyme, cathepsin K, causes an imbalance in bone remodeling toward bone loss. The hypothesis was tested in transgenic (TG) mice harboring additional copies of the murine cathepsin K gene (Ctsk) identifiable by a silent mutation engineered into the construct. For this study, three TG mouse lines harboring 3-25 copies of the transgene were selected. Tissue specificity of transgene expression was determined by Northern analysis, which revealed up to 6-fold increases in the levels of cathepsin K messenger RNA (mRNA) in calvarial and long bone samples of the three TG lines. No changes were seen in the mRNA levels of other osteoclast enzymes, indicating that the increase in cathepsin K mRNA was not a reflection of activation of all osteoclast enzymes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that cathepsin K expression in the TG mice was confined to osteoclasts and chondroclasts. Histomorphometry revealed a significantly decreased trabecular bone volume (BV), but, surprisingly, also a marked increase in the number of osteoblasts, the rate of bone turnover, and the amount of mineralizing surface (MS). However, monitoring of bone density in the proximal tibias of the TG mice with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) failed to reveal statistically significant changes in bone density. Similarly, no statistically significant alterations were observed in biomechanical testing at the age of 7 months. The increases in parameters of bone formation triggered by increased cathepsin K expression is an example of the tight coupling of bone resorption and formation during the bone-remodeling cycle.
Fast and efficient fractional pixel motion estimation for H.264/AVC video coding (2009)

This paper presents a fast algorithm for H.264 fractional motion estimation (ME). In H.264 ME is the most time consuming component. The ME process consists of two stages: integer pixel and fractional pixel search. To reduce the complexity of fractional pixel ME we propose a quadrant based directional fractional pixel ME algorithm that is based on the unimodal property of the fractional pixel error surface. Better computation reduction has been achieved by using this strategy. Experimental results show that as compared to fast sub-pel ME proposed in H.264, the proposed method can speedup fractional ME, with a negligible degradation in video quality.
Clobetasol under Hydrocolloid Occlusion in Psoriasis Results in a Complete Block of Proliferation and in a Rebound of Lesions following Discontinuation (1999)

We conclude that clobetasol under hydrocolloid occlusion induces virtually a total block of proliferation of the basal cell population and decreases hyperproliferation-associated keratins dramatically. Furthermore, based upon epidermal cell characteristics, we conclude that a rebound phenomenon occurs following discontinuation of therapy with clobetasol under hydrocolloid occlusion.
Synthesis of New L-Ascorbic Ferulic Acid Hybrids (2007)

A feasibility and chemical study of the coupling conditions of L-ascorbic acid with ferulic acid derivatives are described on the basis of the known synergistic effects of mixtures of various antioxidants. Novel L-ascorbic ferulic hybrids linked at the C-3 hydroxyl group were prepared with the aim to protect the alcohol function and the enediol system.
Novel Chiral Oxazoline Ligands for Potential Charge-Transfer Effects in the Rh(I)-Catalysed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation (1998)

Novel 2-(4,4′-bipyridin-2-yl)oxazolines, bearing a chiral oxazoline moiety, were synthesised starting from 4,4′-bipyridine and selectively monomethylated in the N′-position. After coordination to rhodium these electron-poor ligands are supposed to exhibit charge-transfer effects with electron-donating substrates in the Rh(I)-catalysed enantioselective hydrosilylation (see next publication). Similar effects were expected from 4,4′-bipyridine- and pyrazine-bisoxazolines after complexation with rhodium. For comparison 2-(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)oxazoline ligands were synthesised. Rh(I)-complexes of selected ligands were prepared and characterised, including an X-ray structure analysis.
Beef Flavor, Identification of Some Beef Flavor Precursors (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBeef Flavor, Identification of Some Beef Flavor PrecursorsO. F. Batzer, A. T. Santoro, and W. A. LandmannCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1962, 10, 2, 94–96Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60120a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60120a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevalence of Toe Nail Onychomycosis in Diabetic Patients (2006)

Onychomycosis among diabetic patients has been reported in some studies to be of high prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetic patients at a Danish University Hospital. Clinical and mycological examinations were performed on type 1 and 2 diabetic patients from in- and out-patient clinics. A total of 271 patients were enrolled, 72% males, mean age 61.3 years, 26% of the patients had diabetes type 1. The prevalence of toe nail onychomycosis (positive culture and/or microscopy) was 22% (n = 59) of which 55 cases were caused by dermatophytes (93%) and 4 cases by yeasts (7%). A correlation was found between onychomycosis and age (p =0.02) and severity of nail changes (p <0.001), respectively. However, no significant correlation was found to gender, type of diabetes, lower extremity arterial disease, neuropathy, toe amputation or oedema. Onychomycosis occurred with a high prevalence in diabetic patients, especially among older patients and those with severe nail changes.
Amorphous Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Paper for Ultrastable Sodium-Ion Batteries (2016)

As the most promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), elemental phosphorus (P) has recently gained a lot of interest due to its extraordinary theoretical capacity of 2596 mAh/g. The main drawback of a P anode is its low conductivity and rapid structural degradation caused by the enormous volume expansion (>490%) during cycling. Here, we redesigned the anode structure by using an innovative methodology to fabricate flexible paper made of nitrogen-doped graphene and amorphous phosphorus that effectively tackles this problem. The restructured anode exhibits an ultrastable cyclic performance and excellent rate capability (809 mAh/g at 1500 mA/g). The excellent structural integrity of the novel anode was further visualized during cycling by using in situ experiments inside a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and the associated sodiation/desodiation mechanism was also thoroughly investigated. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the N-doped graphene not only contributes to an increase in capacity for sodium storage but also is beneficial in regards to improved rate performance of the anode.
Ku autoantigen affects the susceptibility to anticancer drugs. (1999)

The Ku70/80 autoantigens (Ku) are the DNA-binding components of a DNA-dependent protein kinase (PK) involved in DNA double strand breaks repairing a V(D)J recombination. Because apoptosis is associated with DNA fragmentation and, consequently, creation of double strand breaks, and a variety of DNA-damaging drugs kill tumor cells by apoptosis, we tested the impact of Ku deficiency on the sensitivity of anticancer drugs. Ku-null mutant cell lines Ku70-/- and Ku80-/- were highly sensitive to anticancer drugs, compared with their wild-type cells. Ku-deficient cells were more sensitive to bleomycin-induced DNA fragmentation and exhibited a higher level of c-jun NH2-kinase/stress-activated PK activity than wild-type cells, whereas R7080-6 cells overexpressing both human Ku70 and Ku80 were resistant to bleomycin-induced apoptosis and exhibited a lower level of c-jun NH2-kinase/stress-activated PK activity. The Ku-protein level and Ku DNA binding activity were decreased after treatment with bleomycin, adriamycin, or vincristine, and the decreases were blocked by the treatment of z-DEVD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, suggesting that loss of Ku DNA binding is, in part, due to a caspase-mediated decrease in Ku protein levels. By contrast, HSF1 DNA-binding activity was increased by the treatment of these anticancer drugs and, subsequently, mitochondrial heat shock protein HSP75 was specifically induced. Our data suggest that Ku can affect the susceptibility to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis.
Development of Infection Structures by the Direct‐Penetrating Soybean Rust Fungus (<i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> Syd.) on Artificial Membranes (1988)

Abstract The development of infection structures by the directly infecting soybean rust fungus of different artificial membranes was followed by light and scanning electron microscopy. On water agar uredospores developed germ tubes without appressoria. On dialysis membranes more than 80% of the uredospores formed appressoria. With low frequencies (1–7%) also primary hyphae and/or penetration hyphae were present. When cellulose nitrate membrane filters with pore diameters ≤ 0.2 μm were used, uredospores germinated but showed a strongly reduced appressoria formation. Membranes with pores ≥ 0.1 μm allowed a development of infection structures similar to that on dialysis membranes. In experiments with paraffin oil incorporated into collodion membranes more than 90% of the uredospores formed appressoria, about 50% of the appressoria developed hyphae. Ungerminated spores and germ tubes always contained 2 nuclei. In fully developed appressoria 4 nuclei were present. Compared with stomata entering rust fungi appressoria formation by Phakopsora pachyrhizi occurred more frequently and seemed to be less dependent on specific stimuli. Moreover, in most cases only few of the appressoria formed penetration or primary hyphae. The induction of these structures seemed to be dependent on further unknown stimuli.
Multiple-output step-up/down switching DC-DC converter with vestigial current control (2009)

A single-inductor dual-output boost converter reported in works either in discontinuous conduction mode or in pseudo-continuous conduction mode and requires separate controllers. As each controller regulates the output in time-multiplexed manner, it is difficult to extend the number of outputs and power capacity. The converter reported in solves these limitations by adopting comparator-controlled method. Each comparator-controlled output receives its required energy and one final PWM controller adjusts the total inductor current so that the remaining current is adequate for the last output. However, as the PWM controller regulates one of the converter outputs, the response of controller becomes slow and voltage ripple of the other outputs increases when the load current of PWM-controlled output is reduced to zero (or near zero). As a possible solution, minimum bleeding current can be set for the last output, however, this approach degrades the efficiency at light-load condition. Also, the operation region of the previously reported multiple- output converters is restricted to step-up mode only.
Experimental comparison of extreme-ultraviolet multilayers for solar physics (2004)

We compare the reflectance and stability of multilayers comprising either Si/Mo, Si/Mo2C, Si/B4C, Si/C, or Si/SiC bilayers, designed for use as extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) reflective coatings. The films were deposited by using magnetron sputtering and characterized by both x-ray and EUV reflectometry. We find that the new Si/SiC multilayer offers the greatest spectral selectivity at the longer wavelengths, as well as the greatest thermal stability. We also describe the optimization of multilayers designed for the Solar-B EIS instrument. Finally, we compare experimental reflectance data with calculations and conclude that currently available optical constants cannot be used to adequately model the performance of many of these multilayers.
Nitric Oxide Activates Metalloprotease Enzymes in Articular Cartilage (1995)

Nitric oxide (NO.) is a multifunctional messenger molecule generated by a family of enzymes, collectively termed the nitric oxide synthases. We investigated the role of NO. in the modulation of two metal-dependent proteolytic enzymes (collagenase and stromelysin) which are activated during inflammatory and infective arthritis. The inflammatory mediators interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the bacterial cell wall fragment endotoxin, induced both nitric oxide synthase activity and stromelysin and collagenase activity in whole cell preparations and in conditioned media from explants of bovine and human cartilage. Both NO2- (the stable end-product of NO.) and metalloprotease activity were inhibited by competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. The NO. donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) also induced metalloprotease activity in a dose-dependent fashion. These data provide evidence that NO. plays a regulatory role in the activation of metal-dependent proteases in articular chondrocytes and cartilage.
Learning Word Embeddings from Speech (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network architecture, Sequence-to-Sequence Audio2Vec, for unsupervised learning of fixed-length vector representations of audio segments excised from a speech corpus, where the vectors contain semantic information pertaining to the segments, and are close to other vectors in the embedding space if their corresponding segments are semantically similar. The design of the proposed model is based on the RNN Encoder-Decoder framework, and borrows the methodology of continuous skip-grams for training. The learned vector representations are evaluated on 13 widely used word similarity benchmarks, and achieved competitive results to that of GloVe. The biggest advantage of the proposed model is its capability of extracting semantic information of audio segments taken directly from raw speech, without relying on any other modalities such as text or images, which are challenging and expensive to collect and annotate.