gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUPPORTING THE INDUSTRY BY DEVELOPING A DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR COMPUTER-BASED PROCEDURES FOR FIELD WORKERS (2017)

The paper-based procedures currently used for nearly all activities in the commercial nuclear power industry have a long history of ensuring safe operation of the plants. However, there is potential to greatly increase efficiency and safety by improving how the human interacts with the procedures, which can be achieved through the use of computer-based procedures (CBPs). A CBP system offers a vast variety of improvements, such as context driven job aids, integrated human performance tools and dynamic step presentation. As a step toward the goal of improving procedure use performance, the U.S. Department of Energy Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program researchers, together with the nuclear industry, have been investigating the possibility and feasibility of replacing current paper-based procedures with CBPs. The main purpose of the CBP research conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory was to provide design guidance to the nuclear industry to be used by both utilities and vendors. After studying existing design guidance for CBP systems, the researchers concluded that the majority of the existing guidance is intended for control room CBP systems, and does not necessarily address the challenges of designing CBP systems for instructions carried out in the field. Further, the guidance is often presented on a high level, which leaves the designer to interpret what is meant by the guidance and how to specifically implement it. The authors developed a design guidance to provide guidance specifically tailored to instructions that are carried out in the field based.
Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges (2015)

Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
Rapid measurement of plasma free fatty acid concentration and isotopic enrichment using LC/MS (2010)

Measurements of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentration and isotopic enrichment are commonly used to evaluate FFA metabolism. Until now, gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) was the best method to measure isotopic enrichment in the methyl derivatives of (13)C-labeled fatty acids. Although IRMS is excellent for analyzing enrichment, it requires time-consuming derivatization steps and is not optimal for measuring FFA concentrations. We developed a new, rapid, and reliable method for simultaneous quantification of (13)C-labeled fatty acids in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). This method involves a very quick Dole extraction procedure and direct injection of the samples on the HPLC system. After chromatographic separation, the samples are directed to the mass spectrometer for electrospray ionization (ESI) and analysis in the negative mode using single ion monitoring. By employing equipment with two columns connected parallel to a mass spectrometer, we can double the throughput to the mass spectrometer, reducing the analysis time per sample to 5 min. Palmitate flux measured using this approach agreed well with the GC/C/IRMS method. This HPLC/MS method provides accurate and precise measures of FFA concentration and enrichment.
Absence of Post-translational Aspartyl β-Hydroxylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Domains in Mice Leads to Developmental Defects and an Increased Incidence of Intestinal Neoplasia (2002)

The BAH genomic locus encodes three distinct proteins: junctin, humbug, and BAH. All three proteins share common exons, but differ significantly based upon the use of alternative terminal exons. The biological roles of BAH and humbug and their functional relationship to junctin remain unclear. To evaluate the role of BAH in vivo, the catalytic domain of BAH was specifically targeted such that the coding regions of junctin and humbug remained undisturbed. BAH null mice lack measurable BAH protein in several tissues, lack aspartyl beta-hydroxylase activity in liver preparations, and exhibit no hydroxylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain of clotting Factor X. In addition to reduced fertility in females, BAH null mice display several developmental defects including syndactyly, facial dysmorphology, and a mild defect in hard palate formation. The developmental defects present in BAH null mice are similar to defects observed in knock-outs and hypomorphs of the Notch ligand Serrate-2. In this work, beta-hydroxylation of Asp residues in EGF domains is demonstrated for a soluble form of a Notch ligand, human Jagged-1. These results along with recent reports that another post-translational modification of EGF domains in Notch gene family members (glycosylation by Fringe) alters Notch pathway signaling, lends credence to the suggestion that aspartyl beta-hydroxylation may represent another post-translational modification of EGF domains that can modulate Notch pathway signaling. Previous work has demonstrated increased levels of BAH in certain tumor tissues and a role for BAH in tumorigenesis has been proposed. The role of hydroxylase in tumor formation was tested directly by crossing BAH KO mice with an intestinal tumor model, APCmin mice. Surprisingly, BAH null/APCmin mice show a statistically significant increase in both intestinal polyp size and number when compared with BAH wild-type/APCmin controls. These results suggest that, in contrast to expectations, loss of BAH catalytic activity may promote tumor formation.
On the interface states generated under different stress conditions (2001)

After dry oxidation and when annealing in a hydrogen environment is carefully avoided, the energy distribution of interface states has two peaks, one in the lower and one in the upper half of the silicon band gap. Following hydrogen passivation, however, the interface states created by irradiation or electron injection typically have only one peak in the upper half of the gap. This letter investigates how to generate a double peak distribution by electrical stress and we attempt to link the distribution with the generation mechanism.
Improved simple linear iterative clustering superpixels (2013)

The superpixels are small regions in an image which do not contain edges inside. Among all the superpixel algorithms, the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) method is widely adopted due to its practicality. However, the resultant superpixels sometimes do not well adhere to the edges. In this paper, we present an improved SLIC superpixel method to solve this problem. Experiments show that the proposed method produces superpixels whose boundaries better adhere to the image edges without significantly increasing the processing time compared with the conventional method.
Human gamma-satellite DNA maintains open chromatin structure and protects a transgene from epigenetic silencing (2009)

The role of repetitive DNA sequences in pericentromeric regions with respect to kinetochore/heterochromatin structure and function is poorly understood. Here, we use a mouse erythroleukemia cell (MEL) system for studying how repetitive DNA assumes or is assembled into different chromatin structures. We show that human gamma-satellite DNA arrays allow a transcriptionally permissive chromatin conformation in an adjacent transgene and efficiently protect it from epigenetic silencing. These arrays contain CTCF and Ikaros binding sites. In MEL cells, this gamma-satellite DNA activity depends on binding of Ikaros proteins involved in differentiation along the hematopoietic pathway. Given our discovery of gamma-satellite DNA in pericentromeric regions of most human chromosomes and a dynamic chromatin state of gamma-satellite arrays in their natural location, we suggest that gamma-satellite DNA represents a unique region of the functional centromere with a possible role in preventing heterochromatin spreading beyond the pericentromeric region.
Multidisciplinary Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2012)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are multidisciplinary liver diseases that often accompany type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, which are characterized by insulin resistance. Therefore, effective treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome should target not only the cardiometabolic abnormalities, but also the associated liver disorders. In the last decade, it has been shown that metformin, thiazolidinediones, vitamin E, ezetimibe, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, and antiobesity drugs may improve hepatic pathophysiological disorders as well as clinical parameters. Accordingly, insulin sensitizers, antioxidative agents, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) inhibitors, RAS blockers, and drugs that target the central nervous system may represent candidate pharmacotherapies for NAFLD and possibly NASH. However, the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-term treatment (potentially for many years) with these drugs have not been fully established. Furthermore, clinical trials have not comprehensively examined the efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins, fibrates, and NPC1L1 inhibitors) for the treatment of NAFLD. Although clinical evidence for RAS blockers and incretin-based agents (GLP-1 analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) is also lacking, these agents are promising in terms of their insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects without causing weight gain.
Semi-automatic algorithm for 3D volume reconstruction of inner ear structures based on CT-scan images (2018)

Inner ear volume rendering and segmentation are very difficult tasks due to the nature, the size and position of the structure in the temporal bone. However, it is highly useful to reconstruct three-dimensional volume of computed tomography images which will help in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures in the temporal bone, as well as the understanding of the anatomical structures of the inner ear. It can be also very useful in making easier the diagnosis of inner ear diseases. We propose a novel approach with minor intervention of specialists, and region growing segmentation, allowing 3D volume reconstruction of inner ear structures form Computed Tomography (CT) images. The obtained results achieve high quality of segmentation and visualization in addition to usability for other systems, such as computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems.
Optimal stimulation for CD70 induction on human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells and the importance of CD70 in naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T‐cell differentiation (2010)

Studies in mice have shown that CD70 on dendritic cells (DCs) is sufficient to convert T-cell tolerance into immunity and hence induce anti-tumour immune responses. Therefore, it is important to investigate (i) optimal stimuli to induce CD70 on human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), which are widely used for tumour immunotherapy, and (ii) the role of CD70 in functional differentiation of naive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells stimulated with MoDCs. We show that interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a key cytokine to differentiate monocytes into DCs with the capacity to express CD70 upon maturation. CD70 expression on IFN-alpha-induced MoDCs was elicited by different categories of maturation-inducing factors (Toll-like receptor ligands, CD40 ligand and pro-inflammatory mediators), among which prostaglandin E(2) was most effective. Naive T cells stimulated with MoDCs also expressed CD70. Stimulation with MoDCs promoted naive CD4(+) T cells to acquire the ability to produce T helper type 1 and 2 cytokines in a CD70-dependent manner. In contrast, the CD70-CD27 interaction diminished the production of an immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. The CD27 signal did not play a dominant role in the induction of effector molecules in naive CD8(+) T cells during the stimulation with MoDCs. This study adds a novel function to the versatile cytokines, type I IFNs, that is, the induction of CD70 on MoDCs. CD70 promotes naive CD4(+) T cells to acquire immunostimulatory activity through the DC-T-cell and T-cell-T-cell interactions during the stimulation with MoDCs. Hence, the CD70-CD27 interaction may play an important role in inducing effective immune responses in DC-based immunotherapy.
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection Using Constrained GMM and Curve Evolution (2009)

This paper focuses on the detection and segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in magnetic resonance (MRI) brain images. To capture the complex tissue spatial layout, a probabilistic model termed Constrained Gaussian Mixture Model (CGMM) is proposed based on a mixture of multiple spatially oriented Gaussians per tissue. The intensity of a tissue is considered a global parameter and is constrained, by a parameter-tying scheme, to be the same value for the entire set of Gaussians that are related to the same tissue. MS lesions are identified as outlier Gaussian components and are grouped to form a new class in addition to the healthy tissue classes. A probability-based curve evolution technique is used to refine the delineation of lesion boundaries. The proposed CGMM-CE algorithm is used to segment 3D MRI brain images with an arbitrary number of channels. The CGMM-CE algorithm is automated and does not require an atlas for initialization or parameter learning. Experimental results on both standard brain MRI simulation data and real data indicate that the proposed method outperforms previously suggested approaches, especially for highly noisy data.
Glomerular mannose-binding lectin deposition is a useful prognostic predictor in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (2013)

There is accumulating evidence to support a hypothesis of the activation of the lectin complement pathway in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The glomerular deposition of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an initiator of the lectin pathway, has been identified, but its clinical significance has not been defined consistently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of glomerular MBL deposition as a useful histological biomarker in evaluating the severity and predicting the prognosis of IgAN. We included all consecutive patients with biopsy-proven primary IgAN from December 2008 to July 2010. Renal deposition of MBL was detected by immunofluorescence. The biopsy material from 131 patients (72 men) was thus used for MBL staining. The deposition of MBL was observed in a predominantly mesangial pattern in 45 patients (34·35%), which presented as global or segmental deposition. Compared with the patients without glomerular MBL deposition, those with glomerular MBL deposition had more severe proteinuria, decreased renal function, lower levels of serum albumin and a greater possibility of hypertension at the time of renal biopsy; they had more severe histological changes according to the Oxford classification (i.e. mesangial hypercellularity, segmental glomerulosclerosis, endocapillary hypercellularity and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis), and their ratio presented an increase as the histopathological phenotypes segregated according to Lee's classification; furthermore, the follow-up data demonstrated that they had a lower renal remission rate. In conclusion, glomerular MBL deposition may predict a poor prognosis, and thus can be a new prognostic factor in IgA nephropathy.
COMPARISON OF PLASMA LEVELS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE IN MEN AFTER INTRAVENOUS OR INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION (1974)

SUMMARY The concentrations of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined by radioimmunoassay in blood samples taken at intervals after the administration of different doses of synthetic LH-RH administered either intravenously or intranasally in healthy fertile men. Intranasal administration of LH-RH caused a dose-dependent increase of plasma LH with the peak occurring later than that after intravenous injection. The intravenous route was approximately 100 times more effective than the intranasal route in terms of the dose of LH-RH necessary to achieve an LH response of similar magnitude, but the route through the nasal mucosa seems a safe and convenient way for LH-RH administration. The characteristics of the disappearance curve, metabolic clearance rate and volumes of distribution of LH-RH in man are compared with those found by others.
Mossbauer and AC susceptibility study of structurally modified Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo-Si-B-type metallic glasses (1991)

The effect of prolonged heat treatment and neutron irradiation on Fe30Ni40Cr8-Mo2Si5B15 glassy ribbons has been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy and AC susceptibility measurements. Mossbauer data were fitted considering the asymmetry of the lines using NORMOS DIST programs. Hyperfine field distributions (HFDS) and quadrupole splittings have been constructed by a histogram method. Data obtained from Mossbauer measurements at liquid-nitrogen temperature indicate a bimodal character of P(H) distributions. Neutron irradiation induces changes in atomic rearrangement towards Cr clustering at the iron sites, causing a fall in the average value of a HFD while heat treatment increases the number of Fe atoms with higher magnetic moments. The analysis of the set of AC susceptibility measurements provides direct evidence of changes in Curie temperature due to the sources of structural modifications discussed.
Balancing of legged mechanism with multiple segments (2013)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what kinds of effects the multi-segmental body with actively controlled body part have on balancing. As part of the research, a biped mechanism is simplified to multi-segmental legged model in sagittal plane where the model is comprised of a stance leg, foot and actively controlled body part. Not only the system parameters are in place but also necessary and sufficient conditions for balancing have been implemented as constraints. The algorithm that we proposed iteratively solves nonlinear constrained optimization problems. The balanced state domain is constructed by connecting velocity extrema. The proposed algorithm is used to identify the balanced state domain in a deterministic scheme using numerical optimization.
The antimicrobial potential of cannabidiol (2021)

Antimicrobial resistance threatens the viability of modern medicine, which is largely dependent on the successful prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Unfortunately, there are few new therapeutics in the clinical pipeline, particularly for Gram-negative bacteria. We now present a detailed evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of cannabidiol, the main non-psychoactive component of cannabis. We confirm previous reports of Gram-positive activity and expand the breadth of pathogens tested, including highly resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Clostridioides difficile. Our results demonstrate that cannabidiol has excellent activity against biofilms, little propensity to induce resistance, and topical in vivo efficacy. Multiple mode-of-action studies point to membrane disruption as cannabidiol's primary mechanism. More importantly, we now report for the first time that cannabidiol can selectively kill a subset of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the 'urgent threat' pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrate the potential to advance cannabidiol analogs as a much-needed new class of antibiotics.
<i>N</i>‐Methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate receptor subunit‐ and neuronal‐type dependence of excitotoxic signaling through post‐synaptic density 95 (2010)

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) mediate excitatory synaptic transmission during repetitive or prolonged glutamate release, playing a critical role in synaptic plasticity or cell death, respectively. Evidence indicates that a major pathway of NMDAR signaling to cell death in cortical and hippocampal neurons requires the scaffolding protein post-synaptic density 95 (PSD-95) and activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. However, it is not known if this PSD-95-dependent pathway contributes to excitotoxicity in other brain regions. It is also unclear whether the neuroprotective effects of Tat-NR2B9c, a membrane-permeant peptide that disrupts PSD-95/NMDAR binding, correlate with uncoupling NR2B- and/or NR2A-type NMDARs from PSD-95. In this study, we used cultured hippocampal and striatal neurons to test the potency of Tat-NR2B9c on uncoupling NR2 subunits from PSD-95 and protecting against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. We found that the concentration of Tat-NR2B9c required to dissociate 50% of PSD-95 was fourfold lower for NR2B than NR2A in cultured hippocampal and striatal neurons, and that this concentration correlated tightly with protection against NMDA-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons without altering NMDAR current. In contrast, NMDAR signaling to cell death in cultured striatal neurons occurred independently of the NR2B/PSD-95 interaction or neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation. These results will facilitate development of neuronal type-specific protective therapies.
Formation of Amorphous Silicon by Ion Bombardment as a Function of Ion, Temperature, and Dose (1972)

The dose (fluence) of 200-keV boron, phosphorous, and antimony ions required to produce a continuous amorphous layer in silicon is determined as a function of target temperature. EPR measurements are used to monitor the process which is also then related to annealing effectiveness. The continuous amorphous layer recrystallizes at 550°C, after which only the implanted ions within that layer are completely electrically active. Carrier concentration profiles indicate the position of the amorphous layer and allow an approximate determination of the distribution with depth of damage. At the low dose rates used, reasonable agreement with a simple model for the formation of amorphous silicon as a function of ion, temperature, and dose is obtained.
Resume du plan de gestion des pestes et pesticides du project (2006)

The objective of the Community-Based Watershed Management Project for Mauritania is to lessen the incidence of land degradation at the watershed level within the project areas by assisting rural communities to realize the benefits through community-driven investments, addressing land degradation and promoting sustainable land management practices. Some of the environmental impacts include: soil degradation, water pollution, air pollution, noise nuisance, natural habitats, fauna and flora, communities, and health. Mitigating measures are in the areas of construction, material treatment, latrine implementation, vegetation, reforestation, measures to protect cultural heritage, transport material regulations, water management, and conflict resolution.