gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Point mutations cause the somatic diversification of IgM and IgG2a antiphosphorylcholine antibodies. (1988)

The genetic mechanism responsible for the somatic diversification of two mAbs was determined. The two PC-binding hybridomas were representative of events early and late in the immune response. The P28 cell line that produces an IgM antibody and thus represents events early in the immune response, was found to have 3 bp changes in its heavy chain variable (VH) region, with some changes in antibody affinity or specificity. The RP93 cell line that produces an IgG2a antibody and thus represents later events in the immune response, was found to have 9 bp changes in its VH region resulting in decreased affinity for PC and altered specificity. Oligonucleotides specific for linked base changes in the second hypervariable regions of both of these antibodies were used to look for previously undescribed V regions or other donor sequences that could have been responsible for these base changes. Since no donor sequences were found, we have concluded that somatic point mutation rather than gene conversion, V region replacement or the expression of an unidentified germline VH region gene is truly responsible for at least some of the somatic diversification of these antibodies.
A novel fast-settling ADPLL architecture with frequency tuning word presetting and calibration (2009)

A time domain behavior modeling for fast-settling all digital phase-locked-loop (ADPLL) is proposed. By using the frequency presetting and adaptive bandwidth algorithm, this ADPLL can lock within 2 ¿s according to the Simulink behavior simulation results. A digital frequency presetting module with self-calibration is presented for the frequency presetting method. An improved digital phase/frequency detector and locking detector are also included for the enhancement of fast settling.
İslam Ortak Paydası ve Mezhep Gerçeği (2017)

Gerek tarihi süreçte gerekse içerisinde bulunduğumuz şu günlerde İslam alemindemeydana gelen hadiseler, mezhep olgusunun önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Mezheplerintamamı Hz. Peygamberin vefatından sonra ortaya çıkmış beşeri oluşumlardır. Mezheplerinvarlığını inkar etmek veya hiç yokmuş gibi davranmak gerçeklerden kaçınmak olacağı gibi,onları din ile bütünleştirmek de büyük bir yanılgı olacaktır. Günümüz dünyasında dinalanında yaşanan problemleri anlama ve bu meselelere çözüm üretebilmenin en önemliyollarından biri mezhep gerçeğini doğru anlamaktan geçmektedir. Bunun için Mezheplerintarihi süreçte ortaya çıkan beşeri oluşumlar olduğunun farkına varmak, Kur’an’ın ortayakoyduğu kurucu ilkeler çerçevesinde konuyu anlamlandırmak gerekmektedir.
The pharmacology of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice. (1979)

This review attempts to summarize the literature on the effects of drugs on isolation-induced aggression in mice. In spite of the fact that each investigator that was surveyed utilized different methodologies (e.g., induction techniques, testing conditions, scoring systems), the results from the various laboratories are generally in agreement in many respects. Fighting in isolated mice has been shown to be selectively antagnoized (i.e., antifighting activity at doses significantly below doses producing neurological impairment in isolated mice) by antidepressants, neuroleptics, anticholinergics, antiserotonergics, and antihistamines; however, aggression was nonselectively antagonized by anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, sedatives, and hypnotics. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to determine pharmacological selectivity whenever antagonistic effects are observed; this can only be accomplished by measuring neurological impairment (ataxia) in the isolated mice by utilizing a test such as an inclined-screen, preferably immediately following aggression testing. Since isolated mice have been shown to exhibit marked differences in drug sensitivities and in metabolic dispositions of many classes of drugs as compared to group-housed controls, statements concerning drug selectivity or specificity are meaningless without some evidence for a lack of neurological impairment in isolated, aggressive mice.
IdeE, an IgG-endopeptidase of<i>Streptococcus equi</i>ssp.<i>equi</i> (2006)

Streptococcus equi ssp. equi is the causative agent of strangles, a highly contagious and serious disease in the upper respiratory tract of horses. The present study describes the characterization of IdeE, a homolog of the secreted IgG-specific protease IdeS/Mac of Streptococcus pyogenes. The activity of IdeE is compared with the activity of IdeZ, the corresponding enzyme of the closely related S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus. A study of the proteolytic activity of recombinant IdeE and IdeZ on IgG from a selection of mammals shows that only antibodies containing the substrate site of IdeS/Mac are cleaved, indicating that the specificities of these enzymes are similar. Interestingly, IgG from horse is less effectively cleaved than IgG from e.g. dog or humans, as the dominating IgG isotype in horse sera (IgG4) lacks a distinct substrate site for IdeE/IdeZ. IgG-degradation is observed when S. equi ssp. equi is grown in the presence of horse serum, but not when grown with purified IgG. As the fraction of degraded IgG contains IgG4, the observed activity might be due to the expression of an unknown enzyme rather than IdeE. In a similar assay, no proteolysis of IgG was detected in the growth media of S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRO‐ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (1975)

Abstract Unter den Aspekten von Energie, Einsatzstoffen und Umweltschutz werden elektroorganische Synthesen diskutiert.
Regulation of melanoma by the embryonic skin. (1986)

This report focuses on the regulation of murine melanoma by the embryonic skin. A surgical technique was developed to allow injection of B16 melanoma cells into the embryo in utero. A significant decrease in incidence of tumors was noted, which correlated with the time of arrival of normally migrating premelanocytes into the skin. Media were conditioned from skin explanted at the time premelanocytes arrive in it; these media inhibited the growth of melanoma cells in vitro. Under optimal conditions the growth of melanoma cells ceased; the cells had altered morphology and failed to proliferate when placed in fresh growth media.
Computer assisted analysis of fetal age in the third trimester using multiple fetal growth parameters (1983)

A new technique is described for predicting menstrual age in the third trimester of pregnancy (28-42 weeks) using multiple fetal growth parameters (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length). Evaluation of this technique in 177 normal third trimester pregnancies demonstrated that significant improvement in the variability in predicting menstrual age can be achieved when two or more parameters are used collectively instead of a single parameter used individually. The optimal combination prior to 36 weeks was biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length, while after 36 weeks the optimal combination was head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. The use of these combinations resulted in smaller mean errors, standard deviations, and maximum errors. Regression equations and tables of normal values are provided to facilitate the use of this dating method.
A Comparative Case Study of Knowledge Resource Utilization to Model Organizational Learning (2011)

The ability to store and manage data has not kept pace with the rapid evolution and growth of information resources. According to TechWeb.com, companies are doubling their storage capacities every year. This action is driven primarily by data warehousing and the necessity to provide instant access to data and supply-chain management. The trend does not look to be slowing. Isolated and undermanaged data resources have become a common practice in the industry despite the fact that the capacities of these systems keep improving while their prices continue to fall. This chapter draws four related cases to assess methods for organizing data and data resources in organizations. Further, the chapter provides examples for organizations to become learning organizations based on their ability to actively collect and distribute knowledge and their ability to become highly coupled socially and technically.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Time-average readout of speckle photographs by laser illumination from a vibrating optical fiber (1986)

The time-averaging effect on fringes produced from a specklegram under time-varying speckle illumination, by which undesirable speckle noise is successfully reduced, is studied. In this method, a specklegram is illuminated by laser speckles emerging from a vibrating multimode optical fiber. The characteristics of time-averaged fringes are revealed theoretically and experimentally by taking into consideration the deformation of speckles recorded on the specklegram and the correlation area of speckles from the multimode optical fiber.
Novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists GSK189254 and GSK334429 are efficacious in surgically-induced and virally-induced rat models of neuropathic pain (2008)

Several studies have implicated a potential role for histamine H(3) receptors in pain processing, although the data are somewhat conflicting. In the present study we investigated the effects of the novel potent and highly selective H(3) receptor antagonists GSK189254 (6-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide hydrochloride) and GSK334429 (1-(1-methylethyl)-4-([1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-piperidinyl]carbonyl)hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine) in two rat models of neuropathic pain, namely the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) model. Both GSK189254 (0.3, 3 and/or 10mg/kg p.o.) and GSK334429 (1, 3 and 10mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed the CCI-induced decrease in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) measured using an analgesymeter and/or von Frey hairs. In addition, GSK189254 (3mg/kg p.o.) and GSK334429 (10mg/kg p.o.) both reversed the VZV-induced decrease in PWT using von Frey hairs. We also investigated the potential site of action of this analgesic effect of H(3) antagonists using autoradiography. Specific binding to H(3) receptors was demonstrated with [(3)H]-GSK189254 in the dorsal horn of the human and rat spinal cord, and in human dorsal root ganglion (DRG), consistent with the potential involvement of H(3) receptors in pain processing. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that chronic oral administration of selective H(3) antagonists is effective in reversing neuropathic hypersensitivity in disease-related models, and that specific H(3) receptor binding sites are present in the human DRG and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These data suggest that H(3) antagonists such as GSK189254 and GSK334429 may be useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Detection of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> in food and poultry viscera using immunomagnetic separation and microtitre hybridization (1997)

Thermophillic Campylobacter and Camp. jejuni were detected from samples of chicken liver, gall bladder, muscle and contaminated milk and chicken meat after an enrichment step by using immunomagnetic capture of cells with monoclonal antibody against a specific outer membrane protein of thermophilic Campylobacter. The detection of captured cells was achieved using two different hybridization methods. In one of the methods, the captured cells were lysed by guanidine isothiocyanate and the 23S rRNA was reacted with a microtitre plate-immobilized rDNA probe specific for thermophilic Campylobacter. In the other method, the captured cells were subjected to lysis by ultrasonication and the genomic DNA reacted with a microtitre plate-immobilized RNA probe specific for Camp.jejuni. Detection of the RNA-DNA hybrids formed in the wells was carried out using a monoclonal anti-RNA-DNA hybrid antibody.
Model for the Catalytic Domain of the Proofreading ε Subunit of<i>Escherichia coli</i>DNA Polymerase III Based on NMR Structural Data (2001)

The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (HE) is the primary replicative polymerase of Escherichia coli. The epsilon subunit of the HE complex provides the 3'-exonucleolytic proofreading activity for this enzyme complex. epsilon consists of two domains: an N-terminal domain containing the proofreading exonuclease activity (residues 1-186) and a C-terminal domain required for binding to the polymerase (alpha) subunit (residues 187-243). Multidimensional NMR studies of (2)H-, (13)C-, and (15)N-labeled N-terminal domains (epsilon186) were performed to assign the backbone resonances and measure H(N)-H(N) nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs). NMR studies were also performed on triple-lableled [U-(2)H,(13)C,(15)N]epsilon186 containing Val, Leu, and Ile residues with protonated methyl groups, which allowed for the assignment of H(N)-CH(3) and CH(3)-CH(3) NOEs. Analysis of the (13)C(alpha), (13)C(beta), and (13)CO shifts, using chemical shift indexing and the TALOS program, allowed for the identification of regions of the secondary structure. H(N)-H(N) NOEs provided information on the assembly of the extended strands into a beta-sheet structure and confirmed the assignment of the alpha helices. Measurement of H(N)-CH(3) and CH(3)-CH(3) NOEs confirmed the beta-sheet structure and assisted in the positioning of the alpha helices. The resulting preliminary characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the protein indicated that significant structural homology exists with the active site of the Klenow proofreading exonuclease domain, despite the extremely limited sequence homology. On the basis of this analogy, molecular modeling studies of epsilon186 were performed using as templates the crystal structures of the exonuclease domains of the Klenow fragment and the T4 DNA polymerase and the recently determined structure of the E. coli Exonuclease I. A multiple sequence alignment was constructed, with the initial alignment taken from the previously published hidden Markov model and NMR constraints. Because several of the published structures included complexed ssDNA, we were also able to incorporate an A-C-G trinucleotide into the epsilon186 structure. Nearly all of the residues which have been identified as mutators are located in the portion of the molecule which binds the DNA, with most of these playing either a catalytic or structural role.
Reproductive toxicology of nickel – Review (2012)

The goal of this minireview is to summarize our current knowledge on the reproductive toxicity of soluble nickel salts. We made an attempt to present the most relevant data obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments performed on mammals, mammalian primary cell cultures and cell lines. Nickel has been demonstrated to disturb the mammalian reproductive functions at several levels of regulation. The results of previous investigations indicate that the hormonal effects may play an important role in the reproductive toxicology of nickel both at the neuroendocrine and gonadal levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. At the molecular level, it may be important that nickel may substitute certain other metals in metal dependent enzymes, leading to an altered protein function. It readily crosses the cell membrane via calcium channels and competes with calcium for specific receptors. Nickel can cross-link aminoacids to DNA, lead to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), moreover mimic hypoxia. These changes may lead to the activation of some signaling pathways, subsequent transcription factors and eventually to alterations in gene expression and cellular metabolism. These events are likely to be involved in the reproductive toxicity of nickel.
An Integrated Tutorial on InfiniBand, Verbs, and MPI (2017)

This tutorial presents the details of the interconnection network utilized in many high performance computing (HPC) systems today. “InfiniBand” is the hardware interconnect utilized by over 35% of the top 500 supercomputers in the world as of June, 2017. “Verbs” is the term used for both the semantic description of the interface in the InfiniBand architecture specifications, and the name used for the functions defined in the widely used OpenFabrics alliance implementation of the software interface to InfiniBand. “Message passing interface” is the primary software library by which HPC applications portably pass messages between processes across a wide range of interconnects including InfiniBand. Our goal is to explain how these three components are designed and how they interact to provide a powerful, efficient interconnect for HPC applications. We provide a succinct look into the inner technical workings of each component that should be instructive to both novices to HPC applications as well as to those who may be familiar with one component, but not necessarily the others, in the design and functioning of the total interconnect. A supercomputer interconnect is not a monolithic structure, and this tutorial aims to give non-experts a “big-picture” overview of its substructure with an appreciation of how and why features in one component influence those in others. We believe this is one of the first tutorials to discuss these three major components as one integrated whole. In addition, we give detailed examples of practical experience and typical algorithms used within each component in order to give insights into what issues and trade-offs are important.
Burn Depth Estimation By Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Initial Human Trial (1995)

Indocyanine green dye (ICG) fluoresces when illuminated by infrared light. After successful trials in a porcine model and with approval of the Massachusetts General Hospital's human studies committee, 10 adult patients with burn injuries were given 0.2 mg/kg ICG intravenously, and 825 nm fluorescence images were obtained with 780 nm excitation at 5 minutes after injection in the initial five patients and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 minutes in the subsequent five patients. Fluorescence intensities at burned and unburned sites were determined and images were correlated with burn depth as determined by healing or intraoperative assessment. In the latter five patients, seven sites were imaged (six that were of partial thickness and one that was of full thickness). The burn/normal skin fluorescence ratio was greater than 1 for superficial burns and less than 1 for deep burns. Imaging within 5 minutes of injection resulted in optimal contrast between injured and uninjured tissue. In this initial pilot trial it is apparent that ICG fluorescence has potential value as an aid in the early estimation of burn depth. In subsequent trials we will attempt to refine our ability to correlate ICG fluorescence images with burn depth.
Quantitative characterisation of the geometry of discrete particles (2001)

A new technique is described to quantify particle shape and angularity using an image analyser. The method relies on discretising the two-dimensional projection of the particle and comparing the projected outline with that of a standard geometric shape, namely a circle. Two new parameters for particle shape and angularity were formulated and their values were determined for various materials. The relationship between the new parameters and large-strain (steady-state) internal friction angle as well as pluviated void ratio was examined. Overall, the results indicate that as shape and angularity parameters increase, the drained friction angle and pluviated void ratio increase. In addition, shape and angularity were found to influence the measured maximum void ratio and, to a lesser extent, the minimum void ratio.
Five of the nine genetically defined regions of mouse<i>t</i>haplotypes are involved in transmission ratio distortion (1987)

Summary Mouse t haplotypes have been divided into nine subregions that are each defined by one or more molecular markers. In previous studies, three of these subregions were shown to contain ‘distorter loci’ that interact to effect the transmission-ratio distortion phenotype characteristic of all complete t haplotypes. To determine which of the remaining six subregions also play a role in this phenotype, we analysed the accumulated data on transmission ratio distortion from males that carried one of 26 different combinations of two partial t haplotypes. We have obtained evidence for the association of two additional subregions with distorter loci. First, we present further evidence for the existence of a previously postulated distorter locus, Tcd-3 , and describe its mapping to the T66C subregion. Secondly, we describe the identification of a new distorter locus, Tcd-4 , in association with the subregion defined by the structural gene for the TCP -1 protein. Further studies indicate that two doses of the Tcd-4 locus are equivalent in effect to a single dose each of Tcd-4 and a second distorter locus, Tcd-1 . This result suggests that different distorter locus products could have a common mode of action.
Surface plasmon resonance of capped Au nanoparticles (2005)

In this Rapid Communication we show the relationship between surface plasmon resonance damping and the intensity of surface bonding for capped Au nanoparticles, (NPs). Up to now the influence of capping has been included as a phenomenological modification of the scattering constant. It is indicated here that the effective NP size is the parameter mainly affected by surface bonding. Experimental results in different Au-thiol NPs are shown to be in excellent agreement with the expression we propose for damping. Moreover, according to our model the resonance profile gives a deep insight of the interface bonding strength.
Branching of Critical Conditions for Si(111)-(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:math>) Oxidation (1995)

From kinetic measurements by optical second harmonic generation of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interaction with $\mathrm{Si}(111)\ensuremath{-}(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ at temperatures between 610 and 735 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and pressures from 1${0}^{--9}$ to 1${0}^{--6}$ torr, we determine the boundaries for oxide nucleation and for quasiequilibrium between surface phases of oxide and silicon. The distinction between these boundaries reflects the influence of the kinetic parameters of the surface reactions on the critical conditions. At $T<700{}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$, the oxide nucleation requires oxygen pressure well above that required for oxide growth.
Sonic Hedgehog–GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 Signaling Pathway Promotes the Growth and Migration of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Regulating the Transcription of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A2 (2015)

Our data establish a novel transcription mechanism of Gli1 to EIF5A2 gene in cis-regulatory manner in PC cells. Thus, EIF5A2 oncogene effect could be incorporated into cancer-promoting molecular network upon Hh signaling pathway.