gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CVD of Pt(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub> to Synthesize Highly Dispersed Pt/SBA‐15 Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Chloronitrobenzene (2014)

Pt supported on mesoporous silica SBA‐15 materials with various loadings are controllably synthesized by metal‐organic(MO)CVD of Pt(C 5 H 9 ) 2 in a Y‐tube reactor. The precursor, Pt(C 5 H 9 ) 2 , is successfully prepared by the reaction of dichloro(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)platinum ((COD)PtCl 2 ) with pent‐4‐en‐1‐ylmagnesium bromide, which is confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H‐NMR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that Pt nanoparticles with an average size of 4.6 ± 1.1 nm are dispersed uniformly onto the SBA‐15. The performance of Pt/SBA‐15 for the hydrogenation of o ‐chloronitrobenzene ( o ‐CNB) is tested, and is able to achieve high catalytic activity (97%) and selectivity (72%).
Understanding selective molecular recognition in integrated carbon nanotube–polymer sensors by simulating physical analyte binding on carbon nanotube–polymer scaffolds (2014)

Macromolecular scaffolds made of polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been explored recently (Zhang et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 2013) as a new class of molecular-recognition motifs. However, selective analyte recognition is still challenging and lacks the underlying fundamental understanding needed for its practical implementation in biological sensors. In this report, we combine coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations, physical adsorption/binding theories, and photoluminescence (PL) experiments to provide molecular insight into the selectivity of such sensors towards a large set of biologically important analytes. We find that the physical binding affinities of the analytes on a bare SWCNT partially correlate with their distribution coefficients in a bulk water/octanol system, suggesting that the analyte hydrophobicity plays a key role in determining the binding affinities of the analytes considered, along with the various specific interactions between the analytes and the polymer anchor groups. Two distinct categories of analytes are identified to demonstrate a complex picture for the correlation between optical sensor signals and the simulated binding affinities. Specifically, a good correlation was found between the sensor signals and the physical binding affinities of the three hormones (estradiol, melatonin, and thyroxine), the neurotransmitter (dopamine), and the vitamin (riboflavin) to the SWCNT-polymer scaffold. The four amino acids (aspartate, glycine, histidine, and tryptophan) and the two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) considered were identified as blank analytes which are unable to induce sensor signals. The results indicate great success of our physical adsorption-based model in explaining the ranking in sensor selectivities. The combined framework presented here can be used to screen and select polymers that can potentially be used for creating synthetic molecular recognition motifs.
Neutrophil alpha-defensin human neutrophil peptide modulates cytokine production in human monocytes and adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells. (2000)

Defensins, a family of small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides, are found in mammals, insects and plants. alpha-defensins are stored in granules of neutrophils and released upon activation by exocytosis. It was shown here that human neutrophil peptide (HNP), at concentrations of 10(-8) -10(-9) M, up-regulated the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in monocytes activated with Staphylococcus aureus or PMA, while expression of IL-10 mRNA was down-regulated and production of IL-8 was not affected. HNP alone was unable to induce TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta expression in resting monocytes. At concentrations of 10(-4) -10(-5)M, HNP was cytotoxic for monocytes in serum-free medium. The cytotoxicity was abrogated in the presence of serum, while a cytokine-modulating effect of HNP was observed in the presence of serum and in whole blood, suggesting that this mechanism may function in vivo. Similarly, serum did not abrogate bactericidal activity of HNP. It was also demonstrated herein that HNP at 10 (-8) -10(-9) M, attenuated the inhibitory action of dexamethasone on TNF-alpha production. In parallel to monocyte studies, we have showed that HNP at concentrations ranging from 10(-9)M to 10(-6)M caused about 5-fold suppression of VCAM-1 expression in TNF-alpha-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, while the ICAM-1 expression was not affected. Our findings suggest that neutrophil defensins have the potential to modulate the inflammatory responses through regulation of cytokine production and adhesion molecule expression.
Statistical detection and imaging of objects hidden in turbid media using ballistic photons (2007)

We exploit recent advances in active high-resolution imaging through scattering media with ballistic photons. We derive the fundamental limits on the accuracy of the estimated parameters of a mathematical model that describes such an imaging scenario and compare the performance of ballistic and conventional imaging systems. This model is later used to derive optimal single-pixel statistical tests for detecting objects hidden in turbid media. To improve the detection rate of the aforementioned single-pixel detectors, we develop a multiscale algorithm based on the generalized likelihood ratio test framework. Moreover, considering the effect of diffraction, we derive a lower bound on the achievable spatial resolution of the proposed imaging systems. Furthermore, we present the first experimental ballistic scanner that directly takes advantage of novel adaptive sampling and reconstruction techniques.
Estimation of phase velocities and Q-factors from zero-offset vertical seismic profile data (1994)

Abstract In seismic processing, we face the problem of characterizing the effect of anelastic attenuation on the seismic signal during propagation. To solve this problem, approximate physical properties of the porous fluid-filled rock are needed.We give a strategy for estimating effective parameters governing absorption and dispersion of waves in viscoelastic media by inverting zero-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data acquired in a medium with plane horizontal layers. The VSP data are filtered such that all energy except for the direct downgoing wave and the primary reflected wave from each interface is zeroed. This procedure requires a model with layer thicknesses greater than a minimum limit. A stack of thin layers must be replaced by a layer with average physical properties and with thickness exceeding the required minimum.The model parameter vector is partitioned into two vectors. The first contains the frequency-dependent complex propagation velocity in each layer, and is evaluated over the frequency band where the signal-to-noise ratio is acceptable. In the second vector, the geophone-to-formation coupling factors, which are assumed to be frequency-independent, are gathered. It is straightforward to determine both the frequency-dependent phase velocities and the frequency-dependent quality (Q-) factors from the frequency-dependent propagation velocities. We assume that layer boundaries and layer densities can be obtained from well logs.We give the equations for a simplified forward-modeling scheme and the equations for the solution of the nonlinear inverse problem. The algorithm is applied to both synthetic and real data.Inversion of synthetic data shows that the phase velocities can be satisfactorily estimated, and that Q-factors below approximately 50 are well-resolved, even for large errors in the geophone-to-formation coupling factors. The estimated phase velocities from the real data behave fairly stable as a function of frequency. The results for the quality factors are less conclusive, but the low Q-factors may be of correct size.
Mild protein hydrolysation of lactose-free milk further reduces milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms (2016)

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with milk are common. Besides lactose, milk proteins may cause symptoms in sensitive individuals. We have developed a method for mild enzymatic hydrolysation of milk proteins and studied the effects of hydrolysed milk on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with a self-diagnosed sensitive stomach. In a double blind, randomised placebo-controlled study, 97 subjects consumed protein-hydrolysed lactose-free milk or commercially available lactose-free milk for 10 d. Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms during the study period was reported and a symptom score was calculated. Rumbling and flatulence decreased significantly in the hydrolysed milk group (P < 0·05). Also, the total symptom score was lower in subjects who consumed hydrolysed milk (P < 0·05). No difference between groups was seen in abdominal pain (P = 0·47) or bloating (P = 0·076). The results suggest that mild enzymatic protein hydrolysation may decrease gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with a sensitive stomach.
Unified strategy for the synthesis of C-aryl glycosides (2003)

Abstract A unified approach for the synthesis of the four major groups of C -aryl glycosides has been developed. The strategy incorporates two integrated approaches, the first of which features the [4+2] cycloaddition of a glycosyl furan with a substituted benzyne followed by the acid-catalyzed opening of the resultant adduct. The second route involves the sequential palladium-catalyzed opening of a benzyne-furan cycloadduct with an iodo glycal followed by oxidation of the resultant dihydronaphthol ring and reduction of the glycal moiety. The utility of this strategy has been established by a concise formal synthesis of the C -aryl glycoside antibiotic galtamycinone.
Recursive least squares ladder forms for fast parameter tracking (1978)

A discussion of some of the most interesting recent developments in the area of real time (or "on-line") algorithm for estimation and parameter tracking using ladder canonical forms for AR and ARMA modeling is presented. Besides their interesting connections to stability and scattering theory, partial correlations and matrix square-roots, they also seem to have well behaved numerical properties. Ladder forms seem to be a "natural" form for Wiener (or whitening) filters due to the fact that the optimal whitening filter is time-varying (even for stationary processes), except for ladder form coefficients, which are constants "switched on" at the appropriate time. This leads to the fact that this parametrization is very well suited for tracking rapidly varying sources. Compared to gradient type techniques, our exact least-squares ladder recursions have only a slightly increased number of operations. This increase is due to the recursively computed likelihood variables which act as optimal gains on the data, enabling the ladder filter to lock rapidly on to a transient. Several ladder form applications will be briefly discussed, such as speech modeling, "zero startup" equalisers, and "noise cancelling and inversion". Computer simulations will be presented at the conference
Porous chitosan tubular scaffolds with knitted outer wall and controllable inner structure for nerve tissue engineering (2006)

In this study, a novel method was developed to create porous tubular scaffolds with desirable mechanical properties and controllable inner structure from chitosan, for nerve tissue engineering. Chitosan fiber-based yarns were first used to create porous hollow tubes, which served as the outer wall of the scaffolds, through an industrial knitting process. Then, an innovative molding technique was developed and used to produce inner matrices with multiple axially oriented macrochannels and radially interconnected micropores. Acupuncture needles were used as mandrels during molding to improve the safety and controllability of the process. In vitro characterization demonstrated that the scaffolds possessed suitable mechanical strength, porosity, swelling, and biodegradability for applications in nerve tissue engineering. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that differentiated Neuro-2a cells grew along the oriented macrochannels and the interconnected micropores were beneficial for nutrient diffusion and cell ingrowth to the scaffold's interior. Collectively, the well-defined architectural features in addition to the desirable mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds make them promising for nerve tissue engineering.
Multilayer Gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination<i>in vivo</i> (2002)

Assessment of skin dose delivered to patients from radiotherapy x-ray beams should be performed both inside and outside the prescribed treatment fields. A multilayer Gafchromic film detector which has high sensitivity for detection of radiation can be used to measure skin dose in a two-dimensional map over the skin surface if required. This is an advantage over other detectors, which only provide point dose estimates. A study of 25 patients undergoing breast irradiation was performed to analyse the ability of the multilayer detector to analyse skin dose and to assess both in-field and out-of-field radiation doses delivered during tangent field breast irradiation. Results show that the main contributor to total skin dose within the treatment field was delivered by exit dose. However, outside the field, most dose was delivered by entry beams. Patients with smaller breast separations where found, in general, to receive a higher total skin dose from entry and exiting beams at the central axis. Results also showed that a significant skin dose was delivered outside the treatment field and the main cause of this dose was from electron contamination from entry beams. The multilayer Gafchromic film detector provided adequate skin dose assessment within one fraction of treatment for in vivo results.
Immobilization of Fission Iodine by Reaction with a Fullerene Containing Carbon Compound and Insoluble Natural Organic Matrix: Quarterly Report September-December 2002 (2003)

The recovery of iodine released during the processing of used nuclear fuel poses a significant challenge to the transmutation of radioactive iodine. This proposal will develop and examine the use of Fullerene Containing Carbon (FCC) compounds as potential sorbents for iodine release from the reprocessing of nuclear fuel. This work will also include the development of bench-scale testing capabilities at UNLV to allow the testing of the FCC material in a simulated process off-gas environment. This experimental capability will also be used to test other potential sorbtion materials and processes, such as natural organic matter (NOM) and other promising alternatives. This work will also examine the development of a process to convert the sorbed iodine into a ceramic material with the potential for use as either a transmutation target or as a waste form in a partitioning and sequestration strategy.\nBench scale experimental apparatus and methodologies to simulate iodine entrainment in the vapor phase released from the head end of the PUREX process (the 4M nitric acid dissolution of spent nuclear fuel) will be developed, along with procedures to test the sequestration of Iodine from the vapor mixture. Long term performance/suitability of FCC and NOM will be tested for sequestration of iodine released by nuclear fuel reprocessing. FCC-bearing materials will be prepared and evaluated under laboratory conditions by KRI-KIRSI. Simulated process evaluations will be done on the FCC bearing materials, NOM, and other matrices suggested by the collaborators at UNLV. Conversion of the sequestered iodine to a ceramic-like material will be examined by the KRI-KIRSI team. Recovery of the Iodine from the sequestering matrices will also be examined (by both teams).
Capacity Fading on Cycling of 4 V Li / LiMn2 O 4 Cells (1997)

The cycle‐life behavior of a Li/1 + EC/DMC(1:2 by volume)/ cell was investigated at various temperatures (0, 25, and 50°C). The capacity fades faster on cycling at high rather than low temperatures. The mechanisms responsible for the capacity fading of the spinel during cycling were extensively investigated by chemical analysis of the dissolved Mn in combination with in situ x‐ray diffraction, Rietveld analysis, and ac impedance techniques. Chemical analytical results indicated that the capacity loss caused by the simple dissolution of accounted for only 23 and 34% of the overall capacity losses cycling at room temperature and 50°C, respectively. In situ x‐ray diffraction results showed that the two‐phase structure coexisting in the high‐voltage region persists during lithium‐ion insertion/extraction at low temperatures during cycling. By contrast, this two‐phase structure was effectively transformed to a more stable, one‐phase structure, accompanied by the dissolution of Mn and the loss of oxygen (e.g., ) at the high temperature; this dominated the overall capacity‐loss process. AC impedance spectra revealed that the capacity loss at the high temperature was also due in part to the decomposition of electrolyte solution at the electrode.
Desalting protein ions in native mass spectrometry using supercharging reagents (2014)

Effects of the supercharging reagents m-NBA and sulfolane on sodium ion adduction to protein ions formed using native mass spectrometry were investigated. There is extensive sodium adduction on protein ions formed by electrospray ionization from aqueous solutions containing millimolar concentrations of NaCl, which can lower sensitivity by distributing the signal of a given charge state over multiple adducted ions and can reduce mass measuring accuracy for large proteins and non-covalent complexes for which individual adducts cannot be resolved. The average number of sodium ions adducted to the most abundant ion formed from ten small (8.6-29 kDa) proteins for which adducts can be resolved is reduced by 58% or 80% on average, respectively, when 1.5% m-NBA or 2.5% sulfolane are added to aqueous solutions containing sodium compared to without the supercharging reagent. Sulfolane is more effective than m-NBA at reducing sodium ion adduction and at preserving non-covalent protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions. Desalting with 2.5% sulfolane enables detection of several glycosylated forms of 79.7 kDa holo-transferrin and NADH bound to the 146 kDa homotetramer LDH, which are otherwise unresolved due to peak broadening from extensive sodium adduction. Although sulfolane is more effective than m-NBA at protein ion desalting, m-NBA reduces salt clusters at high m/z and can increase the signal-to-noise ratios of protein ions by reducing chemical noise. Desalting is likely a result of these supercharging reagents binding sodium ions in solution, thereby reducing the sodium available to adduct to protein ions.
CONCENTRATION OF HIGH DENSITY PLASMA IN VACUUM (1961)

Secretory cells contain submicroscopic granules composed of a polyanionic polymer network that is collapsed owing to the presence of hydronium ions and weak base cations. The network is encapsulated within a lipid membrane, and functions as a vehicle for the osmotically inert storage of a variety of granule-bound endogenous mediator species, such as histamine, serotonin and proteases. These species are excreted from the granule and thence from the cell in response to external biochemical signals. Hydrogels that swell and shrink in response to external stimuli might serve as synthetic analogues of secretory granules. Here we describe the systematic engineering of multi-component, environmentally responsive hydrogel microspheres, coated with a lipid bilayer to mimic more closely the natural secretory granule. These microspheres exhibit pH- and ion-dependent volume phase transitions and ion-sensitive exchange of bound cations when the encapsulating lipid membrane is porated. We stimulated poration electrically in individual microgel particles immobilized and manipulated with a micropipette. This system could find use for the triggered release of encapsulated drugs in the body.
CAD for mm-wave resonators (1994)

The design of waveguide disc resonators for oscillators at W-band frequencies is described by the help of a finite element CAD-software package. The method considers the active device encapsulation inherently and therewith the socalled parasitic elements. The computation of output power from a standard GaAs Impatt diode for an encapsulation technique with integrated modules is given as example, The results are. compared with rf measurements at 90 GHz.
Synthesis, Enantiomeric Conformations, and Stereodynamics of Aromatic <i>o</i><i>rtho</i>-Substituted Disulfones (2001)

[structure in text] Aromatic ortho-disulfone derivatives are readily accessible from diiodide precursors by Cu(I)-mediated reactions with sodium sulfinate salts. The sulfone substituents adopt C(2)-symmetric enantiomeric conformations (lambda and delta) as evidenced by X-ray structural analysis and (1)H and (31)P NMR on chiral bis(sulfonyl)veratrol derivatives and hexacoordinated tris(benzenediolato)phosphate anions. Slow dynamic conformational isomerism (DeltaG(++) > or = 19.8 kcal mol(-1)) was detected in solution.
Fragmenta chorologica occidentalia, 2332-2341 (1989)

Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a syndromic form of Hirschsprung disease that is characterized by variable degrees of intellectual disability, characteristic facial dysmorphism, and a diverse set of other congenital malformations due to haploinsufficiency of <i>ZEB2</i>. A variety of brain malformations have been described in neuroimaging studies of MWS patients, and the role of <i>ZEB2</i> in the brain has been studied in a multitude of genetically engineered mouse models that are now available. However, a paucity of autopsy information limits our ability to correlate data from neuroimaging studies and animal models with actual MWS patient tissues. Here, we report the autopsy neuropathology of a 19-year-old male patient with MWS. Autopsy neuropathology findings correlated well with the reported MWS neuroimaging data and are in keeping with data from genetically engineered MWS mouse models. This autopsy enhances our understanding of <i>ZEB2</i> function in human brain development and demonstrates the reliability of MWS murine models.
Epithelial mesenchymal transition traits in honey‐driven keratinocyte wound healing: Comparison among different honeys (2012)

Honey has been used since ancient times for wound repair, but the subjacent mechanisms are almost unknown. We have tried to elucidate the modulatory role of honey in an in vitro model of HaCaT keratinocyte re-epithelialization by using acacia, buckwheat, and manuka honeys. Scratch wound and migration assays showed similar increases of re-epithelialization rates and chemoattractant effects in the presence of different types of honey (0.1%, v/v). However, the use of kinase and calcium inhibitors suggested the occurrence of different mechanisms. All honeys activated cyclin-dependent kinase 2, focal adhesion kinase, and rasGAP SH3 binding protein 1. However, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, integrin-β3, cdc25C, and p42/44 mitogen activated protein kinase showed variable activation pattern. Re-epithelialization recapitulates traits of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the induction of this process was evaluated by a polymerase chain reaction array, revealing marked differences among honeys. Manuka induced few significant changes in the expression of EMT-regulatory genes, while the other two honeys acted on a wider number of genes and partially showed a common profile of up- and down-regulation. In conclusion, our findings have shown that honey-driven wound repair goes through the activation of keratinocyte re-epithelialization, but the ability of inducing EMT varies sensibly among honeys, according to their botanical origin.
Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology (2011)

Detailing the major developments of the last decade, the Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology, Second Edition updates the original and remains the most comprehensive and authoritative book on the subject. With all chapters either revised (in some cases, completely) or expanded to account for new developments, this book sets itself apart by approa