gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-induced changes in photopolymer volume holograms (1998)

Temperature-induced distortions of plane-wave holographic gratings recorded in low glass transition temperature (Tg∼26 °C) photopolymer media were measured. Changes in temperature affect the refractive index and dimensions of photopolymer materials, thereby rotating the angular Bragg selectivity of recorded volume holograms. From temperature-dependent measurements on a set of angularly multiplexed holograms, the out-of-plane coefficient of thermal expansion of a thin photopolymer film constrained between two rigid glass substrates is found to be 500 ppm/°C. These experiments suggest that the temperature sensitivity of photopolymer volume holograms may limit their use in many applications.
Evaluating the Driving Ability of Older Adults (1994)

As a society, we have the responsibility of continuing to meet the transportation needs of a growing population of older adults. Simultaneously, we must recognize that driving is the preferred mode of travel among older citizens and that the ability to drive provides the mobility that many older adults rely on to maintain their independence. Although some older adults experience changes that make driving more difficult in later life, most older drivers retain their driving competence. With highly publicized accidents involving older drivers, however, the issue of age as a riskfactor has received considerable publicity. Therefore, recent research has focused on isolating risk factors within this population. These studies have indicated that a measure of visual attention, the Useful Field of View, is particularly promising as a functional measure of driving risk. Furthermore, research has shown that the Useful Field of View can be expanded with training. These findings have important implications for developing interventions that might aid in maintaining the skills needed to drive safely into older age.
Finance and Saving (1987)

Saving and finance are now clearly distinguished (though perhaps surprisingly this is a fairly recent development). Finance refers to monetary transactions securing the means of payment for purchases in excess of current cash flow or funding the holding of assets. Problems of finance exist for individuals or firms, not for economies as a whole except in relation to other countries; accordingly, the analysis of finance is microeconomic in character.
Neurosteroid Analogues. 7. A Synthetic Route for the Conversion of 5β-Methyl-3-ketosteroids into 7(<i>S</i>)-Methyl-Substituted Analogues of Neuroactive Benz[<i>e</i>]indenes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTNeurosteroid Analogues. 7. A Synthetic Route for the Conversion of 5β-Methyl-3-ketosteroids into 7(S)-Methyl-Substituted Analogues of Neuroactive Benz[e]indenesChun-min Zeng, Mingcheng Han, and Douglas F. CoveyView Author Information Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7, 2264–2266Publication Date (Web):March 14, 2000Publication History Received21 December 1999Published online14 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991953mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991953mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views630Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Mixtures,Organic reactions,Receptors,Redox reactions,Steroids Get e-Alerts
AAV-mediated expression of anti-tau scFvs decreases tau accumulation in a mouse model of tauopathy (2017)

Tauopathies are characterized by the progressive accumulation of hyperphosphorylated, aggregated forms of tau. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that passive immunization with an anti-tau antibody, HJ8.5, decreased accumulation of pathological tau in a human P301S tau-expressing transgenic (P301S-tg) mouse model of frontotemporal dementia/tauopathy. To investigate whether the F<sub>c</sub> domain of HJ8.5 is required for the therapeutic effect, we engineered single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) derived from HJ8.5 with variable linker lengths, all specific to human tau. Based on different binding properties, we selected two anti-tau scFvs and tested their efficacy in vivo by adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to the brain of P301S-tg mice. The scFvs significantly reduced levels of hyperphosphorylated, aggregated tau in brain tissue of P301S-tg mice, associated with a decrease in detergent-soluble tau species. Interestingly, these mice showed substantial levels of scFvs in the cerebrospinal fluid without significant effects on total extracellular tau levels. Therefore, our study provides a novel strategy for anti-tau immunotherapeutics that potentially limits a detrimental proinflammatory response.
Mutational analysis of CHRNB2, CHRNA2 and CHRNA4 genes in Chinese population with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (2015)

CHRNA4, CHRNB2 and CHRNA2 may be not the causative genes of Chinese ADNFLE population. Whether the three novel synonymous mutations were genetic factors of ADNFLE pathogenesis in Chinese Han population needs to be further studied.
Tumor-treating fields elicit a conditional vulnerability to ionizing radiation via the downregulation of BRCA1 signaling and reduced DNA double-strand break repair capacity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (2017)

The use of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) has revolutionized the treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). TTFields are low-intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields that are applied to tumor regions and cells using non-invasive arrays. The predominant mechanism by which TTFields are thought to kill tumor cells is the disruption of mitosis. Using five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines we found that there is a variable response in cell proliferation and cell killing between these NSCLC cell lines that was independent of p53 status. TTFields treatment increased the G2/M population, with a concomitant reduction in S-phase cells followed by the appearance of a sub-G1 population indicative of apoptosis. Temporal changes in gene expression during TTFields exposure was evaluated to identify molecular signaling changes underlying the differential TTFields response. The most differentially expressed genes were associated with the cell cycle and cell proliferation pathways. However, the expression of genes found within the BRCA1 DNA-damage response were significantly downregulated (P<0.05) during TTFields treatment. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair foci increased when cells were exposed to TTFields as did the appearance of chromatid-type aberrations, suggesting an interphase mechanism responsible for cell death involving DNA repair. Exposing cells to TTFields immediately following ionizing radiation resulted in increased chromatid aberrations and a reduced capacity to repair DNA DSBs, which were likely responsible for at least a portion of the enhanced cell killing seen with the combination. These findings suggest that TTFields induce a state of 'BRCAness' leading to a conditional susceptibility resulting in enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation and provides a strong rationale for the use of TTFields as a combined modality therapy with radiation or other DNA-damaging agents.
On using address scrambling to implement defect tolerance in SRAMs (2011)

This paper proposes an innovative approach to cope with defects in SRAM bit-cell array. Traditional approaches use spare parts (rows, columns or blocks) to replace defective bit-cells. Instead of replacing defective bit-cells, we propose to operate the SRAM with reduced storage capacity whenever defective bit-cells are present. We implement this feature through a programmable combinational logic, called Scrambling Module (SM), which scrambles the memory addresses. The scrambling changes the addresses of the defective bit-cells, grouping them in an idle address zone located at the end of the memory address plan. The SM is described by using a mathematical formulation based on linear algebra. The proposed technique can be used in combination with traditional redundancy approaches using spare rows and/or columns. The effectiveness of three different SM is demonstrated, considering a 1MBit SRAM. For a given level of defect tolerance, it is shown that our technique can reduce the amount of spare area by several orders of magnitude. Moreover, as the SM is implemented as an external block, it does not affect the maximum operation frequency of the SRAM. Instead, it affects the memory access delay.
Photochemical Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Transformation of [60]Fullerene−<i>o</i>-quinodimethane Adducts Bearing a Hydroxy Group (2002)

The photochemical reactions of [60]fullerene with various aromatic aldehydes or ketones 1a-n carrying an alkyl group at the ortho position were examined. Some of them afforded stable o-quinodimethane adducts 2 with a hydroxy group attached to the cyclohexene ring. The adducts 2 were found to adopt one or both of two conformers A and E, which possess pseudoaxial and pseudoequatorial hydroxy groups, respectively. The conformer ratios depended remarkably on the substituents attached to the aromatic nucleus and the cyclohexene ring. The dynamic behavior of 2 was also investigated by the VT-NMR technique.
Custom Silicone Sockets for Myoelectric Prostheses (2006)

In Brief Prosthesis comfort, function, and appearance are the primary goals in fitting upper limb prostheses. Recent use of silicone materials for the fabrication of prosthetic sockets has expanded the fitting options for upper limb amputees and enhanced these three fundamental prosthetic features for management of long transradial through partial hand amputees. Prosthesis comfort, function, and appearance are the primary goals in fitting upper limb prostheses. Recent use of silicone materials for the fabrication of prosthetic sockets has expanded the fitting options for upper limb amputees and enhanced these three fundamental prosthetic features for management of long transradial through partial hand amputees. The authors survey recent advances in prostheses, commenting on each. With the introduction and commercial availability of custom silicone sockets, materials and fabrication methods are now available to produce sockets that combine many of the desirable features of the outlined silicone designs.
A low device occupation IP to implement Rijndael algorithm (2005)

This work presents a soft IP description of Rijndael, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This Rijndael implementation run its symmetric cipher algorithm using a key size of 128 bits, mode called AES128. The focus here is to produce a low area IP achieving good performance. To do that, we propose a architecture using mixed bit size processing. The usage of memory has a significant decrease. The same methodology is used to implement three versions: the first one only encrypts the data, the second one decrypts and the third one performs both operation at same device. The implementation choice was Acex1K and Cyclone devices of Altera. The paper presents a introduction of cryptography, the AES contest that defined Rijndael as the new standard, the AES-128 structure and some results, such as device occupation, clock frequency, throughput and latency.
An analogy between fetal haptoglobin and a potent immunosuppressant in cancer. (1987)

In spite of the numerous reports indicating the presence of humoral immunosuppressive factors in cancer patients, only a few of these factors have been biochemically identified. Furthermore, their role as effective immunosuppressors in vivo remains to be established. Our laboratory has attempted to isolate and identify the major immunosuppressive factor in the malignant effusions derived from ovarian and lung cancer patients. We have previously demonstrated that the Mr 52,000 immunosuppressive factor isolated from the ascites fluid of an ovarian cancer patient inhibited T-dependent immune responses in vivo and in vitro including the inhibition of E-rosetting. Thus, this immunosuppressive factor was named "suppressive E-receptor" (SER). Our current study demonstrates that this SER factor purified from malignant effusions derived from ovarian, lung, or head and neck cancer patients had a common component which dissociated equally into Mr 38,000-42,000 and 17,000-19,000 moieties on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under vigorous reducing conditions. Electroelution of these two components followed by a limited amino acid sequence determination revealed these two components to have N-terminal amino acid sequences identical to the beta and alpha 2 subunits of normal adult haptoglobin. Immunoelectrophoresis of SER using a polyclonal antiserum to neonatal cord blood demonstrated that SER, unlike normal haptoglobin, has slower electrophoretic mobility than the normal adult haptoglobin. Western blotting analysis of SER separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions failed to recognize a monoclonal antibody directed specifically to SER. However, this monoclonal antibody exclusively reacted with the SER separated by an analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel under nondenaturing conditions while normal adult haptoglobins or purified but denatured haptoglobin obtained from the same malignant fluid as SER all failed to react with this antibody. Thus, SER appears to bear an additional epitope(s) that is absent in normal adult haptoglobin. Since the SER as well as the neonatal haptoglobin have at least 100 to 1000-fold more potent immunosuppressive activity than the normal adult haptoglobin, this additional epitope(s) present in SER may be responsible for the potent immunosuppressive property of SER.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Suramin and Pyridoxal-5-phosphate Derivatives as P2 Receptor Antagonists (2002)

Extracellular adenine and uracil 5'-nucleotides are important signalling molecules that exert a great variety of effects in numerous tissues and cell types through the activation of P2 receptors. In the past eight years, an extended series of P2 receptors (P2X(17), ionotropic subunits; P2Y(1,2,4,6,11,12), metabotropic receptors) has been cloned from vertebrate tissues. In this rapidly expanding field, one of the main current challenges is to relate the cloned P2 receptor subtypes to the diverse physiological responses mediated by the pharmacological phenotypes of native P2 receptors. Unfortunately, subtype-selective P2 ligands, especially potent and selective antagonists, have been only slowly forthcoming, and this acts as a considerable impediment to progress. However, a number of new P2 receptor antagonists have recently been described which to some degree are more potent and more selective than earlier antagonists like suramin or pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS). This work moves us closer to the ideal goal of classifying the recombinant and native P2 receptor subtypes on the basis of antagonist profiles. This review begins with a brief account of the current status of P2 receptors and their ligands. It then focuses on structure-activity relationships of PPADS and suramin analogues and will finish with a brief discussion of some related therapeutic possibilities.
Distracted walking: Examining the extent to pedestrian safety problems (2015)

Pedestrians, much like drivers, have always been engaged in multi-tasking like using hand-held devices, listening to music, snacking, or reading while walking. The effects are similar to those experienced by distracted drivers. However, distracted walking has not received similar policies and effective interventions as distracted driving to improve pedestrian safety. This study reviewed the state-of-practice on policies, campaigns, available data, identified research needs, and opportunities pertaining to distracted walking. A comprehensive review of literature revealed that some of the agencies/organizations disseminate useful information about certain distracting activities that pedestrians should avoid while walking to improve their safety. Various walking safety rules/tips have been given, such as not wearing headphones or talking on a cell phone while crossing a street, keeping the volume down, hanging up the phone while walking, being aware of traffic, and avoiding distractions like walking with texting. The majority of the past observational-based and experimental-based studies reviewed in this study on distracted walking is in agreement that there is a positive correlation between distraction and unsafe walking behavior. However, limitations of the existing crash data suggest that distracted walking may not be a severe threat to the public health. Current pedestrian crash data provide insufficient information for researchers to examine the extent to which distracted walking causes and/or contributes to actual pedestrian safety problems.
Antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> leaf extract (2018)

The present study was aimed to synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles by green chemistry method. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO–NPs) were synthesized using Solanum lycopersicum aqueous leaf extract. The synthesized CuO–NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX), and Dynamic light scattering spectrometer (DLS). FE-SEM and TEM observation showed that the average size of 20–40 nm with spherical shape of CuO–NPs and the presence of phytochemicals which are responsible for reduction and stabilization were studied by FT-IR. XRD studies revealed the monocyclic crystalline phase of CuO–NPs. The synthesized CuO–NPs showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial pathogens, assayed using agar well diffusion method and synthesized CuO–NPs induce significant morphological changes to bacterial pathogens, determined using FE-SEM. Furthermore, photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV) under visible light irradiation using CuO–NPs was performed. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited 97% degradation activity for CV. Overall our studies supported the eco-friendly, green synthesized CuO–NPs can be used as potential biocidal and photocatalytic agents.
Beitrag zu hochbelasteten Krafteinleitungselementen für Faserverbundbauteile (2003)

Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) are increasingly employed in structural parts of the automotive, aviation and aerospace as well as railway industries. For those applications a heavily loaded, as well as crash and safety relevant force translation component is developed. This Hybrid-Insert consists of SMC and a metal insert, and is based on modular assembly through standard elements. The galvanic insulation of the metal insert by the SMC provides an excellent corrosion protection. The couplingstrength of the metal insert moulded into the SMC fulfills the tensile requirements of a M10 10.9 screw fit by VDI 2230 standards. Additionally the component provides a high degree of energy absorption and a gradual failure process.
Race directed random testing of concurrent programs (2008)

Bugs in multi-threaded programs often arise due to data races. Numerous static and dynamic program analysis techniques have been proposed to detect data races. We propose a novel randomized dynamic analysis technique that utilizes potential data race information obtained from an existing analysis tool to separate real races from false races without any need for manual inspection. Specifically, we use potential data race information obtained from an existing dynamic analysis technique to control a random scheduler of threads so that real race conditions get created with very high probability and those races get resolved randomly at runtime. Our approach has several advantages over existing dynamic analysis tools. First, we can create a real race condition and resolve the race randomly to see if an error can occur due to the race. Second, we can replay a race revealing execution efficiently by simply using the same seed for random number generation--we do not need to record the execution. Third, our approach has very low overhead compared to other precise dynamic race detection techniques because we only track all synchronization operations and a single pair of memory access statements that are reported to be in a potential race by an existing analysis. We have implemented the technique in a prototype tool for Java and have experimented on a number of large multi-threaded Java programs. We report a number of previously known and unknown bugs and real races in these Java programs.
Kondensation von 1,2‐Diketonen mit 2‐Cyanacetamid (1975)

Abstract Die Kondensation von 1,2‐Diketonen mit 2‐Cyanacetamid unter Piperidin‐Katalyse führt zu den 4,5‐Dialkyl(oder Diaryl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyrrolin‐3‐carbonitrilen 2a – f , die unter Dehydratisierung in die 5‐Alkyliden‐Derivate 5 , 6 und 7 übergehen können. 2 reagiert mit Malononitril in Gegenwart von Piperidin zu den 2,6‐Diaza‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.3.0]octan‐3,7‐dionen (z. B. 8a , b , 10 ) und in Gegenwart von Alkalialkoholat zu den 2,8‐Diaza‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.3.0]octan‐3,7‐dionen (z. B. 9a , b , 11 , 12 ). Mit anderen Malonsäurederivaten wurden aus 2a die Bicyclen 13 , 14 und 15 erhalten.
Soiling and other optical losses in solar‐tracking PV plants in navarra (2010)

Abstract Field data of soiling energy losses on PV plants are scarce. Furthermore, since dirt type and accumulation vary with the location characteristics (climate, surroundings, etc.), the available data on optical losses are, necessarily, site dependent. This paper presents field measurements of dirt energy losses (dust) and irradiance incidence angle losses along 2005 on a solar‐tracking PV plant located south of Navarre (Spain). The paper proposes a method to calculate these losses based on the difference between irradiance measured by calibrated cells on several trackers of the PV plant and irradiance calculated from measurements by two pyranometers (one of them incorporating a shadow ring) regularly cleaned. The equivalent optical energy losses of an installation incorporating fixed horizontal modules at the same location have been calculated as well. The effect of dirt on both types of installations will accordingly be compared. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.