gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Determination of Drug Transfer from Drug-Coated Balloons (2013)

Drug-coated balloons are medical devices designed to locally deliver drug to diseased segments of the vessel wall. For these dosage forms, drug transfer to the vessel wall needs to be examined in detail, since drug released into the blood is cleared from the site. In order to examine drug transfer, a new in vitro setup was developed combining the estimation of drug loss during advancement to the site of application in a model coronary artery pathway with a hydrogel compartment representing, as a very simplified model, the vessel wall. The transfer of fluorescent model substances as well as the drug paclitaxel from coated balloons to the simulated vessel wall was evaluated using this method. The model was suitable to quantify the fractions transferred to the hydrogel and also to qualitatively assess distribution patterns in the hydrogel film. In the case of fluorescein sodium, rhodamin b and paclitaxel, vast amounts of the coated substance were lost during the simulated passage and only very small fractions of about 1% of the total load were transferred to the gel. This must be attributed to good water solubility of the fluorescent substances and the mechanical instability of the paclitaxel coating. Transfer of the hydrophobic model substance triamterene was however nearly unaffected by the preliminary tracking procedure with transferred fractions ranging from 8% to 14%. Analysis of model substance distribution yielded inhomogeneous distributions indicating that the coating was not evenly distributed on the balloon surface and that a great fraction of the coating liquid did not penetrate the folds of the balloon. This finding is contradictory to the generally accepted assumption of a drug depot inside the folds and emphasizes the necessity to thoroughly characterize in vitro performance of drug-coated balloons to support the very promising clinical data.
Algae columns with anodic stripping voltammetric detection (1989)

The use of silica-immobilized algal cells for on-line column separation in conjunction with continuous monitoring of trace metals is described. Algae-silica preparations are highly suitable for flow analysis as they couple the unique reactivity patterns and high binding capacity of algal biomass with the hydrodynamic and mechanical features of porous silica. Such advantages are illustrated by using on-line anodic stripping voltammetry and the alga Chlorella pyrenidosa. Selective and exhaustive removal of interfering constituents circumvents common problems such as overlapping peaks and intermetallic effects. Effects of flow rate, pH, operation time, and other variables are reported. The system is characterized by high durability, simplicity, and economy and offers an attractive alternative to prevalent columns used for flow analysis.
Geochemical Rate-RNA Integration Study: Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Gene Transcription and Photosynthetic Capacity of Planktonic Photoautotrophs (2004)

A pilot field experiment to assess the relationship between traditional biogeochemical rate measurements and transcriptional activity of microbial populations was carried out at the LEO 15 site off Tuckerton, N.J. Here, we report the relationship between photosynthetic capacity of autotrophic plankton and transcriptional activity of the large subunit gene (rbcL) for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), the enzyme responsible for primary carbon fixation during photosynthesis. Similar diel patterns of carbon fixation and rbcL gene expression were observed in three of four time series, with maxima for photosynthetic capacity (P(max)) and rbcL mRNA occurring between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. The lowest P(max) and rbcL levels were detected between 6 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. A significant correlation was found between P(max) and form ID rbcL mRNA (R(2) = 0.56) and forms IA and IB (R(2) = 0.41 and 0.47, respectively). The correlation between the abundance of "diatom" rbcL and P(max) mRNA was modest (R(2) = 0.49; n = 12) but improved dramatically (R(2) = 0.97; n = 10) upon removal of two outliers which represented afternoon samples with high P(max) but lower mRNA levels. Clone libraries from reverse transcription-PCR-amplified rbcL mRNA indicated the presence of several chromophytic algae (diatoms, prymnesiophytes, and chrysophytes) and some eukaryotic green flagellates. Analogous results were obtained from amplified small rRNA sequences and secondary pigment analysis. These results suggest that diatoms were a major contributor to carbon fixation at LEO 15 at the time of sampling and that photosynthetic carbon fixation was partially controlled by transcriptional regulation of the RubisCO gene.
Discovery of user behavior patterns from geo-tagged micro-blogs (2010)

The explosive growth of micro-blogging sites such as Twitter has enabled folks to share their personal up-to-dates. Compared to conventional blog sites, through the short length of messages, micro-blogging sites help users easily express their experiences, thoughts and feelings and share them instantly and globally. In addition, mobile devices based micro-blogging applications are ensuring the usefulness in a variety of our daily activities without spatial or temporal restriction. Especially, the most significant characteristics chiefly possible in such mobile micro-blogging is on the fact that the cutting-edge smartphones can utilize location sensing information that make it clear to analyze where the published messages are made almost in real time. In the respect of the diversity and the quantity of crowds writing the micro-blogs, we are sure that the micro-blogging sites can be a very important social media platform where a lot of valuable knowledge such as geographic social phenomena can be extracted. In this paper, we endeavor to find geographic social patterns from user movement histories made by mass mobile micro-bloggers. We particularly propose fundamental models based on aggregation and dispersion about movements of micro-bloggers in geographic regions. We also performed experiments to discover geographic characteristics from the micro-blog data actually gathered from Twitter.
[Site-specific endonuclease CauB31 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus B3]. (1987)

A sequence-specific endonuclease CauB3I has been isolated from cell extracts of Chloroflexus aurantiacus and partially purified by chromatography on heparin-sepharose; the yield was 3000 units per 1 g of cells. The final preparation is free of non-specific nucleases. It is shown that endonuclease CauB3I recognizes 5' T decreases CCGGA 3' sequence in double-stranded DNA and cleaves it as shown by an arrow. Methylation of adenine in the recognition sequence makes it resistant to CauB3I.
Triangle‐Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2007)

Triangles and zigzags: Large triangle-shaped C3-symmetrical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with multiple zigzag peripheries were synthesized. The molecules display mesophase stability over a wide temperature range as a result of helical packing. Moreover, a 2D honeycomb pattern was observed for one of the larger structures (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z605224_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Research network aims to tackle chronic disease in developing world (2009)

A worldwide network of research and training centres that aims to reduce the increasing burden of chronic disease has been set up in 11 low and middle income countries.

The Centers of Excellence research network is the result of collaboration between the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), one of the National Institutes of Health, and UnitedHealth Group, the Minnesota based managed healthcare company.

“There is a pandemic of chronic disease sweeping through lower income countries but so far most of the aid …
Hybridization and Melting Behavior of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Oligonucleotide Chimeras Conjugated to Gold Nanoparticles (2004)

Abstract Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and PNA–DNA chimeras carrying thiol groups were used for surface functionalization of Au nanoparticles. Conjugation of PNA to citrate‐stabilized Au nanoparticles destabilized the nanoparticles causing them to precipitate. Addition of a tail of glutamic acid to the PNA prevented destabilization of the nanoparticles but resulted in loss of interaction with complementary sequences. Importantly, PNA–DNA chimeras gave stable conjugates with Au nanoparticles. The hybridization and melting properties of complexes formed from chimera–nanoparticle conjugates and oligonucleotide–nanoparticle conjugates are described for the first time. Similar to oligonucleotide–nanoparticle conjugates, conjugates with PNA–DNA chimeras gave sharper and more‐defined melting profiles than those obtained with unmodified oligonucleotides. In addition, mismatch discrimination was found to be more efficient than with unmodified oligonucleotides.
Aberrant early-phase ERK inactivation impedes neuronal function in fragile X syndrome (2008)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) has so far resisted efforts to define the basic cellular defects caused by the absence of a single protein, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), because the patients have a wide variety of symptoms of varying severity. Immature-appearing dendritic spines on neurons found in FXS patients and fmr1-KO mice suggest a role for FMRP in modulating production of synaptic structural proteins. We isolated cortical synaptoneurosomes from WT and KO mice and studied MAPK pathway activation after group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) stimulation. Here, we show that ERK in KO synaptoneurosomes is rapidly dephosphorylated upon mGluR1/5 stimulation, whereas it is phosphorylated in WT mice, suggesting that aberrant activation of phosphatases occurs in KO synapses in response to synaptic stimulation. In KO synapses, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is overactivated after mGluR1 stimulation, and tyrosine phosphatase is overactivated after mGluR5 stimulation, causing the rapid deactivation of ERK. ERK activation can be restored in KO by pretreatment with phosphatase blockers; blocking of PP2A by okadaic acid could successfully restore normal ERK activation in KO synaptoneurosomes. We propose that overactivation of phosphatases in synapses may be a key deficit in FXS, which affects synaptic translation, transcription, and synaptic receptor regulation.
Microwave Antenna Theory and Design (1984)

Microwave Antenna Theory and Design is an unabridged reprint of the book published by McGraw hill as Volume 21 of the MIT Radiation Laboratory Series in 1949. The Editor of the Volume, the late Professor Samuel Silver, contributed extensively to the text and subsequently became one of the best known people in the world of radio science. although published fifty-nine years ago, Microwave Antenna Theory and Design, or 'Silver' as it is commonly known, still remains today essential reading for all those engaged in the microwave antenna field and many subsequent texts have assumed the readers' familiarity with the material in Silver. Access to it has become increasingly difficult with the passage of time and so it is hoped that this reprint will find a ready market among engineers
Achieving Flatness: with Video Captcha, Location Tracking, Selecting the Honeywords (2018)

In recent years, all the activities of the countries over the world is carried out Digitally and all the information or data is shared over the network increasing the speed and efficiency of data, but this transformation of data over the digital network has threat of security i.e. losing the data of the users by the third party unauthorized persons or attackers, cyber-crime has taking consistent efforts to improve the security over the network as all the scams now a days are carried digitally as the data transformation includes money transfer, online shopping, confidential data, social feeds, etc. As to maintain the security a unique identification value or term called password is given to every user and is asked to keep it secret, but the attacker still steals the password using various techniques so to avoid these threat we are using Honeywords which will be generated by existing user password and if the attackers enter the password from the honeypot alarm is raised over administrator side, also we maintaining the IP and location tracking of the user and proposing a new technique called video click based captcha scheme to authenticate between humans and robots/bots overcoming the problems of graphical password scheme captcha. Thus, this whole architecture protects and secures the data and application over the online network reducing the threats against the unauthorized users.
Hollow anode plasma source for highcurrent electron beam generation (2006)

Summary form only given. We report on results of a large cross-sectional area (~170 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), high-current (~1000 A), uniform electron beam generation using a hollow anode plasma source at pressure of ~8times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> torr, in a diode supplied with an accelerating pulse of 300 kV and ~300 ns duration. The hollow anode discharge was sustained for ~10 mus by seven BaTi based ferroelectric plasma sources. The resistive decoupling of each plasma source produces a uniform plasma density distribution at the hollow anode output grid at a discharge current les1000 A. It was found that the hollow anode plasma is characterized by a density of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , an electron temperature of ~8 eV and a group of fast electrons with energy of ~50 eV. It was shown that an increase in the hollow anode output grid potential allows one to significantly reduce the plasma pre-filling of the accelerating gap
Competitive Experience Replay (2019)

Deep learning has achieved remarkable successes in solving challenging reinforcement learning (RL) problems when dense reward function is provided. However, in sparse reward environment it still often suffers from the need to carefully shape reward function to guide policy optimization. This limits the applicability of RL in the real world since both reinforcement learning and domain-specific knowledge are required. It is therefore of great practical importance to develop algorithms which can learn from a binary signal indicating successful task completion or other unshaped, sparse reward signals. We propose a novel method called competitive experience replay, which efficiently supplements a sparse reward by placing learning in the context of an exploration competition between a pair of agents. Our method complements the recently proposed hindsight experience replay (HER) by inducing an automatic exploratory curriculum. We evaluate our approach on the tasks of reaching various goal locations in an ant maze and manipulating objects with a robotic arm. Each task provides only binary rewards indicating whether or not the goal is achieved. Our method asymmetrically augments these sparse rewards for a pair of agents each learning the same task, creating a competitive game designed to drive exploration. Extensive experiments demonstrate that this method leads to faster converge and improved task performance.
The chemistry of transition-metal carbene complexes and their role as reaction intermediates (1973)

D. J. Cardin, B. Çetinkaya, M. J. Doyle and M. F. Lappert, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1973, 2, 99 DOI: 10.1039/CS9730200099
Teaching notes of MVDR in digital signal processing (DSP) (2012)

The minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer is a classical filter to reduce the interference plus noise energy without distorting the desired signal. Semidefinite programming (SDP) is a subfield of convex optimization concerned with the optimization of a linear objective function over the intersection of the cone of positive semidefinite matrices. In this paper, we will show MVDR objective function can be derived from SDP objective function and vice versa. This conclusion can help students better understand MVDR from convex optimization and bring them a new insight of MVDR theory.
Anergic self-reactive B cells present self antigen and respond normally to CD40-dependent T-cell signals but are defective in antigen-receptor-mediated functions. (1994)

B-cell tolerance to soluble protein self antigens such as hen egg lysozyme (HEL) is mediated by clonal anergy. Anergic B cells fail to mount antibody responses even in the presence of carrier-primed T cells, suggesting an inability to activate or respond to T helper cells. To investigate the nature of this defect, B cells from tolerant HEL/anti-HEL double-transgenic mice were incubated with a membrane preparation from activated T-cell clones expressing the CD40 ligand. These membranes, together with interleukin 4 and 5 deliver the downstream antigen-independent CD40-dependent B-cell-activating signals required for productive T-B collaboration. Anergic B cells responded to this stimulus by proliferating and secreting antibody at levels comparable to or better than control B cells. Furthermore, anergic B cells presented HEL acquired in vivo and could present the unrelated antigen, conalbumin, targeted for processing via surface IgD. In contrast, the low immunoglobulin receptor levels on anergic B cells were associated with reduced de novo presentation of HEL and a failure to upregulate costimulatory ligands for CD28. These defects in immunoglobulin-receptor-mediated functions could be overcome in vivo, suggesting a number of mechanisms for induction of autoantibody responses.
Thermodynamic energy conversion efficiencies (1980)

Much recent work on thermodynamic energy conversion efficiencies is here presented ab initio and from a unified point of view. New considerations are offered and previous work is analyzed in light of the unified presentation. The energy conversion processes discussed include, for example, the conversion into light in a laser or light-emitting diode and the direct or indirect conversion of solar radiation into work. The thermodynamic limiting efficiencies of these various processes are derived by applying simple balance equations to a generalized energy convertor. The new work includes the distinction between temperatures based on fluxes and temperatures ∂U/∂S based on standard thermodynamics, etc., and their application in the correct context. Also the use of standard entropy formulas is justified without relying on thermodynamic equilibrium and the results are then applied to nonequilibrium situations in energy conversion.
An inorganic–organic diblock copolymer photoresist for direct mesoporous SiCN ceramic patterns via photolithography (2011)

A high resolution negative-tone-type of inorganic-organic diblock copolymer photoresist was synthesized as a novel precursor for simple and direct fabrication of SiCN ceramic mesoporous patterns with ordered nanoscale pores by using a "top-down" photolithographic technique and the subsequent sacrificial processes of a "bottom-up" self-assembled nanostructure.
Halon 1301 Discharge Testing: A Technical Analysis (1988)

This is the first major report of the International Halon Research Project of the National Fire Protection Association's Halon/Ozone Program. It report summarizes a technical literature review and analysis directed at an examination of alternatives to Halon 1301 discharge testing. The need for alternatives has been reinforced by the environmental risk of ozone depletion due to Halon 1301 emissions. Technical problems associated with various alternatives are identified, and needed areas of research to improve the viability of these alternatives are discussed.
Analysis of resolution in DNA sequencing by capillary gel electrophoresis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAnalysis of resolution in DNA sequencing by capillary gel electrophoresisJohn A. Luckey, Tracy B. Norris, and Lloyd M. SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 12, 3067–3075Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100114a038https://doi.org/10.1021/j100114a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Improvement of LCD motion blur in MPEG Domain. (2009)

We proposed a method for reducing LCD motion blur in the MPEG domain. The problem of motion blur of LCD motion blur is caused by slow response time of liquid crystal and hold-type displaying method used by LCDs. The proposed method uses MPEG motion vector and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficients to improve the motion blur of hold-type display. We found that motion blur is caused by aperture effect of LCD in time domain effect of spatial low pass filtering. In this paper, we proposed the method using sharpening filter to cancel out the effect of spatial low pass filtering of LCD. We confirmed the enhancement of motion blur by simulation, and the proposed method will be very practical and useful. Keyword: LCD Motion blur, Sharpening filter, DCT coefficient.
Serine‐Protease‐Assisted Synthesis of Peptide Substrates for α‐Chymotrypsin (1982)

Abstract δ‐Chymotraypsin catalyzes peptide‐bond formation between acylated amino‐acid and peptide esters as the carboxyl component and amino‐acid and peptide amides as the amino component. The conditions under which enzyme‐catalyzed coupling can be used for fragment condensation in peptide synthesis is investigated. To illustrate the method the synthesis of tetra‐, penta‐ and hexapeptides of the structure Ac‐L xn  …︁ L xl L yl  …︁ L ym NH 2 with L xl  Tyr, designed as substrates for α‐chymotrypsin, is described.
Biodistribution Pharmacokinetics and Dosimetry of 99m Tc-D-Glucaric Acid in Humans (1997)

99mTc-D-Glucaric acid (99mTcGLA) favourably accumulates in animal models of acute ischemia/early myocardial necrosis and in human tumor xenografts. This study evaluated the biodistribution pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry (using the MIRD approach) of 99mTcGLA in 12 cancer patients, based on whole-body scans and blood/urine sampling from 046 hours. The pharmacokinetic pattern showed fast removal from the body (about 10% I.D. retained at 46 hr, almost exclusively in the kidneys). The initial and total distribution volumes corresponded to the extracellular and the total body water, respectively. The main radiation dosimetry estimates (mGy/MBq) were: 0.5488 (kidneys), 0.0208 (bladder), 0.051 (liver), 0.0041 (red marrow), 0.0053 (ovaries), 0.0036 (testes) and 0.0041 (whole-body).