gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Epoxy/Silica Composites Mechanical Properties by Introducing Graphene Oxide to the Interface (2012)

Controlling the interface interaction of polymer/filler is essential for the fabrication of high-performance polymer composites. In this work, a core-shell structured hybrid (SiO(2)-GO) was prepared and introduced into an epoxy polymer matrix as a new filler. The incorporation of the hybrid optimized the modulus, strength and fracture toughness of the composites simultaneously. The ultrathin GO shells coated on silica surfaces were regarded as the main reason for the enhancement. Located at the silica-epoxy interface, GO served as an unconventional coupling agent of the silica filler, which effectively enhanced the interfacial interaction of the epoxy/SiO(2)-GO composites, and thus greatly improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin. We believe this new and effective approach that using GO as a novel fillers surface modifier may open a novel interface design strategy for developing high performance composites.
Dye Indicators of Membrane Potential (1979)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
A Super-Family of Medium-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases (MDR). Sub-Lines including zeta-Crystallin, Alcohol and Polyol Dehydrogenases, Quinone Oxidoreductases, Enoyl Reductases, VAT-1 and other Proteins (1994)

The protein super-family of medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase), polyol dehydrogenases, threonine dehydrogenase, archaeon glucose dehydrogenase, and eye lens reductase-active zeta-crystallins also includes Escherichia coli quinone oxidoreductase, Torpedo VAT-1 protein, and enoyl reductases of mammalian fatty acid and yeast erythronolide synthases. In addition, two proteins with hitherto unknown function are shown to belong to this super-family of medium-chain dehydrogenases and reductases (MDR). Alignment of zeta-crystallins/quinone oxidoreductases/VAT-1 reveals 38 strictly conserved residues, of which approximately half are glycine residues, including those at several space-restricted turn positions and critical coenzyme-binding positions in the alcohol dehydrogenases. This indicates a conserved three-dimensional structure at the corresponding parts of these distantly related proteins and a conserved binding of a coenzyme in the two proteins with hitherto unknown function, thus ascribing a likely oxidoreductase function to these proteins. When all forms are aligned, including enoyl reductases, a zeta-crystallin homologue from Leishmania and the two proteins with hitherto unknown function, only three residues are strictly conserved among the 106 proteins characterised within the superfamily, and significantly these residues are all glycines, corresponding to Gly66, Gly86 and Gly201 of mammalian class I alcohol dehydrogenase. Notably, these residues are located in different domains. Hence, a distant origin and divergent functions, but related forms and interactions, appear to apply to the entire chains of the many prokaryotic and eukaryotic members. Additionally, in the zeta-crystallins/quinone oxidoreductases, a highly conserved tyrosine residue is found. This residue, in the three-dimensional structure of the homologous alcohol dehydrogenase, is positioned at the subunit cleft that contains the active site and could therefore be involved in catalysis. If so, this residue and its role may resemble the pattern of a conserved tyrosine residue in the different family of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR).
A perturbation model for imaging in dense scattering media: derivation and evaluation of imaging operators (1993)

Most imaging schemes involve characterizing the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a target medium. This interaction can be generally described by the wave equation: This equation relates the spatial variation (Laplacian) of the field to the electrical permittivity, e, and magnetic permeability, ix, of the medium. The latter quantities account for the induced alignment of the electrical dipole (polarization) and magnetic moment (magnetization) in the material by the propagating field, and they determine c, the speed of light, which is equal to 1/ EÃ‚Âµ . For a time-harmonic source, equation 1 reduces to the Helmholtz equation: where k, the wave number, is equal to wic, and w is the wave frequency in radians-s-1.
Platelet activating factor and systemic anaphylaxis in <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i>‐sensitized rats: differential effects of PAF antagonists (1992)

1. The effects of two platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonists, WEB 2086 and BN 52021, in reducing the changes in extravasation (Evans blue technique) and blood flow (radiolabelled microsphere method) to various organs and tissues following anaphylactic shock in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-sensitized rat were investigated. 2. Both antagonists attenuated anaphylaxis-induced increases in plasma protein leak in the trachea, stomach and small intestine, although they did not block extravasation in the colon and kidneys. 3. Anaphylaxis-induced decreases in blood flow to the adrenals were effectively antagonized by WEB 2086, although this antagonist did not reverse blood flow decreases to any other tissues. BN 52021, on the other hand, did not alter anaphylaxis-induced decreases in blood flow to the adrenals, but effectively prevented dramatic decreases in blood flow to the large and small bowel and spleen. 4. Anaphylactic shock produced marked reduction in blood pressure that was partly reversed by WEB 2086, whereas BN 52021 effectively blocked the decreases in cardiac output. 5. Thus, PAF is responsible for some of the haemodynamic and extravasation of protein changes associated with systemic anaphylaxis in the rat, although the differential inhibition observed with the two antagonists suggests that PAF alters vascular responsiveness through different mechanisms in selected tissues.
A Grid-based approach to non-regular mesh generation for automatic remeshing with metal forming analysis (2000)

An extension of grid-based approach with non-regular grid, as a master grid, is proposed for automatic remeshing during the finite element analysis of metal forming processes. In the proposed technique, the mesh is constructed by superimposing master grid over the object to be meshed, then taking internal cells of the grid as the elements, and finally modifying the rugged boundary with layers of surface elements and mesh smoothing. The construction method of surface element layers and the subsequent mesh smoothing technique are proposed to improve the shapes of severely distorted boundary elements. In order to verify the validity and effectiveness of the present technique, as a typical mesh generation example requiring a master grid and the finite element analysis of inner race forging is presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood compatibility of PEO grafted polyurethane and HEMA/styrene block copolymer surfaces (1990)

HEMA/styrene (HEMA/STY) block copolymers and poly(ethylene oxide) 4,000 M.W. (PEO4K) grafted Biomer (B-PEO4K) surfaces have been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as blood-contacting materials. These surfaces have demonstrated improved blood compatibility, compared to Biomer, in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Biomer vascular grafts (6 mm I.D. 7 cm in length) were fabricated by a dip coating process. The luminal surface was modified either with PEO grafting, HEMA/STY coating, or Biomer coating (control). These surface-modified grafts were implanted in the abdominal aortas of dogs and evaluated for graft patency and protein adsorption. Surface protein layer thickness was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). B-PEO4K and Biomer showed thick multilayers of adsorbed proteins (1000-2000 A) after 3 weeks to 1 month implantation. In contrast, HEMA/STY only showed a monolayer protein thickness (less than 200 A), even after 3 months. Visualization of adsorbed plasma proteins (albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen) was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/TEM using an immunogold double antibody technique. The pattern of protein distribution showed high concentrations of fibrinogen and IgG, and less albumin adsorbed onto Biomer and B-PEO4K. In contrast, HEMA/STY showed a patchy protein distribution pattern with high concentrations of albumin and IgG, and relatively less fibrinogen. Adsorbed monolayer patterns showed improved compatibility over multilayered proteins. The Biomer and B-PEO4K grafts occluded within 1 month, while HEMA/STY grafts were patent for over 3 months. The thin and stable adsorbed protein layer on HEMA/STY surfaces may be associated with the microdomain structures of the surface, and will play an important role in long-term in vivo blood compatibility. This manuscript will evaluate the long-term in vivo performance of these polymers, analyze the extent of protein adsorption onto the surfaces, and correlate protein layer thickness to the thrombogenicity of the polymer surfaces.
Xhare-a-Ride: A Search Optimized Dynamic Ride Sharing System with Approximation Guarantee (2017)

Ride sharing is a sustainable, environmentallyfriendly mode of commute that is gaining in popularity. Though there are well-established commercial service providers, there are not many platforms for facilitating peer-to-peer ride sharing, especially in a dynamic scenario, integrated with multi-modal trip planners. Such systems would need to be highly searchoptimized for retrieval of multiple potential ride matches in real time, especially because multi-modal trip planners have a high look-to-book ratio. At the same time, validity of the matches need to be ensured, even in a dynamic setting, while addressing quality considerations and constraints such as maximum detour incurred by rides, walking distance for commuters, and time windows of requests. We describe Xhare-a-Ride (XAR) system, a platform for dynamic peer-to-peer ride sharing, that is scalable, efficient, and highly search-optimized for retrieving multiple potential matches for every ride request, while handling quality considerations. We propose a hierarchical discretization of the geographical region using grids, landmarks and clusters with theoretical guarantees, along with an efficient in-memory indexing of rides for maintaining spatio-temporal validity within a specified error tolerance. This helps eliminate shortest path computation in realtime during search, thus making XAR search-optimized, hence, suitable for integration with a multi-modal trip planner. We discuss modes of integrating XAR with such a trip planner for building an integrated system. Finally, we evaluate XAR thoroughly on ride share request data generated from the NY taxi trip data set on three fronts: (i) empirical performance against the theoretical guarantees as well as trade-off of performance with system parameters, (ii) benchmark XAR against a state-of the-art ride share system, showing a significant improvement in the search efficiency, and finally, (iii) the efficacy of combining ride sharing with public transportation.
Biological activity of glycosides of vitamin D3 and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. (1984)

For the first time, the biological activity of the newly synthesized glycosides of vitamin D3 and of 1 alpha(OH)D3 has been studied in rats, chickens, and Japanese quails. Glucosidation did not reduce the activity of vitamin D3. In chickens, vitamin D3 glucoside has an activity of 90% to 95% as compared to the aglycon. In rats vitamin D3 glucoside is equally active when given by intravenous or oral route. Glycosides of 1 alpha (OH)D3, however, show a lower activity in rats, chickens, and quails. 1 alpha (OH)D3 glucoside has about 10% activity of the free 1 alpha (OH)D3, while 1 alpha (OH)D3 cellobioside is without any activity in chickens. 1 alpha (OH)D3 glucoside might be of interest, due to its broader therapeutical dosage range.
Low molecular weight dermatan sulphate (Desmin 370) does not cross the ovine placenta (1993)

Transplacental passage of the low molecular weight dermatan sulphate Desmin 370 was investigated in pregnant sheep, using 125I-labelled Desmin 370 to optimize the sensitivity of the study. Chronically catheterized cross-bred pregnant ewes at approximately 120 d gestation received 3700 kBq 125I-labelled Desmin 370 with 1 mg/kg carrier unlabelled Desmin 370 intravenously. Early clearance from the maternal circulation was biexponential, and the volume of distribution corresponded closely with the theoretical value for distribution in total body water. Soon after injection low levels of radioactivity were detected in the fetal circulation and accumulated over the next 2 h, so that as the concentration of 125I-Desmin 370 in the maternal circulation declined with time the fetal level of radiolabel rose to represent a significant concentration in relation to that in the mother. Radioactivity was also excreted into the fetal urine. However, while 50% of the radiolabelled material present in maternal plasma 150 min post-injection was intact Desmin 370 and the remaining 50% represented degradation products, fetal urine contained only these fragments. By contrast, intact Desmin 370 was readily excreted into fetal urine after direct introduction to the fetal circulation. Thus molecules of intact Desmin 370 with anticoagulant activity cannot cross the ovine placenta, and low molecular weight dermatan sulphates may be valuable for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic disease during pregnancy.
Fast chemical sensor for eddy-correlation measurements of methane emissions from rice paddy fields (2001)

A high-frequency-modulation spectrometer with a lead-salt diode laser operating in the nu(4) band of CH(4) at 7.8 mum was used as a fast chemical sensor to measure ambient methane concentrations of 2 ppmv (parts in 10(6) volume-mixing ratio) with a time resolution of 10 Hz for micrometeorological flux measurements. To assess the quality of the data on methane emissions from rice paddy fields, we compared eddy-correlation measurements with simultaneously recorded emission data from the state-of-the-art closed-chamber technique and showed that the closed-chamber measurements were 60%-90% higher than were the eddy-correlation measurements during the campaign. This outcome demonstrates that diode-laser spectroscopy is a valuable tool for quality assurance.
[Development of polymeric nanoparticles-based vaccine]. (2006)

Traditional vaccines are mainly composed of attenuated or heat-inactivated viruses. These vaccines often generate many unwanted side effects. Subunit protein and peptide vaccines are generally very safe vaccines with well-defined components. However, proteins and peptides are often poorly immunogenic and thus require the use of adjuvants to induce adequate immunity. Therefore, particulate adjuvants have been widely investigated in vaccine delivery systems. In particular, polymeric nanoparticles with entrapped antigens represent an exciting approach to control the release of vaccine antigens and optimize the desired immune response via selective targeting of antigen to professional antigen presenting cells. It is expected that biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have great potential as carriers for systemic and mucosal vaccine delivery systems.
Formation of Hydrazine in Electric Discharge Decomposition of Ammonia<sup>1,2</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Hydrazine in Electric Discharge Decomposition of Ammonia1,2John C. Devins and Milton BurtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2618–2626Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast algorithms for l&lt;inf&gt;p&lt;/inf&gt;deconvolution (1985)

This paper discusses two algorithms for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l_{p}, 1 \leq p \leq 2</tex> , deconvolution. One, iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS), is discussed with an eye toward improving its computational efficiency, while the other, residual steepest descent (RSD), is considered in an attempt to improve its convergence properties. In the first case, fast Fourier transforms are used to reduce the number of computations. In the second, a new rescaling procedure which enhances RSD convergence is introduced. The lack of stability of l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> , filters, and its implications are discussed. Simple examples are used to illustrate pertinent concepts.
One year prospective survey of Candida bloodstream infections in Scotland (2007)

A 12 month survey of candidaemia in Scotland, UK, in which every Scottish hospital laboratory submitted all blood isolates of yeasts for identification, strain typing and susceptibility testing, provided 300 isolates from 242 patients, generating incidence data of 4.8 cases per 100 000 population per year and 5.9 cases per 100 000 acute occupied bed days; 27.9 % of cases occurred in intensive care units. More than half the patients with candidaemia had an underlying disease involving the abdomen, 78 % had an indwelling intravenous catheter, 62 % had suffered a bacterial infection within the 2 weeks prior to candidaemia and 37 % had undergone a laparotomy. Candida albicans was the infecting species in 50 % of cases, followed by Candida glabrata (21 %) and Candida parapsilosis (12 %). Seven cases of candidaemia were caused by Candida dubliniensis , which was more prevalent even than Candida lusitaniae and Candida tropicalis (six cases each). Among C. glabrata isolates, 55 % showed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole, but azole resistance among other species was extremely low. Multilocus sequence typing showed isolates with high similarity came from different hospitals across the country, and many different types came from the hospitals that submitted the most isolates, indicating no tendency towards hospital-specific endemic strains. Multiple isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata from individual patients were of the same strain type with single exceptions for each species. The high prevalence of candidaemia in Scotland, relative to other population-based European studies, and the high level of reduced fluconazole susceptibility of Scottish C. glabrata isolates warrant continued future surveillance of invasive Candida infections.
To Do or Not to Do: (1988)

Should social work students be educated for private practice? This article addresses the issues around this question and offers suggestions for including private practice in a classroom setting. While the primary goal of social work education is to train for agency-based practice, private practice has now become an integral part of the social work field and needs to be approached as such in social work education.
The American States and the Age of School Systems (1984)

This paper advances a series of propositions outlining a model of educational change in American state school systems. It is argued that the enactment of compulsory school attendance laws marks the formal beginning of a state school system and determines a system's institutional and practical development and change. Once the previously unassociated parts of a state's educational system are linked, an institution is formed that, in part, undergoes self-generating change. Numerous aspects of this system are measurable, and the statistics that result reflect its development and progress. State school systems must mature sufficiently before they are able to review their own practices and affect change. Also, a state's geographical location, whether in the core of a group of states or at the periphery, influences the development of its educational system.
473. The addition of free radicals to unsaturated systems. Part I. The direction of radical addition to 3 : 3 : 3-trifluoropropene (1952)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
DNA hairpins destabilize duplexes primarily by promoting melting rather than by inhibiting hybridization (2015)

The effect of secondary structure on DNA duplex formation is poorly understood. Using oxDNA, a nucleotide level coarse-grained model of DNA, we study how hairpins influence the rate and reaction pathways of DNA hybridzation. We compare to experimental systems studied by Gao et al. (1) and find that 3-base pair hairpins reduce the hybridization rate by a factor of 2, and 4-base pair hairpins by a factor of 10, compared to DNA with limited secondary structure, which is in good agreement with experiments. By contrast, melting rates are accelerated by factors of ∼100 and ∼2000. This surprisingly large speed-up occurs because hairpins form during the melting process, and significantly lower the free energy barrier for dissociation. These results should assist experimentalists in designing sequences to be used in DNA nanotechnology, by putting limits on the suppression of hybridization reaction rates through the use of hairpins and offering the possibility of deliberately increasing dissociation rates by incorporating hairpins into single strands.
Distinct Kinesin-14 mitotic mechanisms in spindle bipolarity (2009)

Kinesin-like proteins are integral to formation and function of a conserved mitotic spindle apparatus that directs chromosome segregation and precedes cell division. Ubiquitous to the mechanism of spindle assembly and stability are balanced Kinesin-5 promoting and Kinesin-14 opposing forces. Distinct Kinesin-14 roles in bipolarity in eukaryotes have not been shown, but are suggested by gamma-tubulin-based pole interactions that affect establishment and by microtubule cross-linking and sliding that maintain bipolarity and spindle length. Distinct roles also imply specialized functional domains. By cross-species analysis of compatible mechanisms in establishing mitotic bipolarity we demonstrate that Kinesin-14 human HSET (HsHSET) functionally replaces Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pkl1 and its action is similarly blocked by mutation in a Kinesin-14 binding site on gamma-tubulin. Drosophila DmNcd localizes preferentially to bundled interpolar microtubules in fission yeast and does not replace SpPkl1. Analysis of twenty-six Kinesin-14 derivatives, including Tail, Stalk or Neck-Motor chimeras, for spindle localization, spindle assembly and mitotic progression defined critical domains. The Tail of SpPkl1 contains functional elements enabling its role in spindle assembly that are distinct from but transferable to DmNcd, whereas HsHSET function utilizes both Tail and Stalk features. Our analysis is the first to demonstrate distinct mechanisms between SpPkl1 and DmNcd, and reveal that HsHSET shares functional overlap in spindle pole mechanisms.