gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methotrexate for the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis. (2006)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by allergen-specific T cells which are recruited and activated in lesional skin. Methotrexate (MTX) is an old systemic agent used at low dosage for the treatment of psoriasis, another T cell-mediated skin disorder. Since MTX has been shown to improve the clinical symptoms of eczema in a model of antigen-specific dermatitis in mice, we postulated that it could be an effective treatment of AD. In the present open retrospective study, we report our results on the treatment of moderate to severe AD by MTX. Twenty patients (17 to 68-years-old) with low responses to routine therapies were treated (three months to 2 1/2 years) with a weekly dose of MTX ranging from 7.5 to 25 mg. The evaluation was made on physician's global assessment after 3 months of MTX use, and showed that 75% (15/20) of patients improved after 3 months of MTX use, among which 13/20 with an improvement>70%. The beginning of improvement was observed between the fourth and the eighth week after MTX was initiated. Tolerance was good. However, nausea and increase of liver enzymes were observed in 5 patients and required discontinuation of MTX in 2 patients. In conclusion, MTX seems to be an effective and safe treatment of AD. Placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observations and to define more precisely the effectiveness and safety of MTX in adult AD.
Clustering of Gene Hypermethylation Associated With Clinical Risk Groups in Neuroblastoma (2004)

Profiling the status of CpG island hypermethylation in human primary neuroblastomas may have clinicopathologic value.
The Use of Border in Colour 2D Barcode (2008)

In recent years, a trend has emerged in the use of colour to increase the data capacity of the 2D barcode. However the decoding of such colour barcode can be challenging in a mobile environment due to blurring effect that is commonly found in images captured by camera mobile phone. Blurring affects the synchronisation between the cells. It also causes the colour value of the cell to be wrongly interpreted. Hence, this paper proposes the use of border to improve the synchronisation and decoding. Three different types of border and the choice of its width will be investigated.
논문 : 음악사에서 고전음악과 고전주의 (2003)

Im Bereich der Musikhteratur kommen die Fachworter `Klassik` und Klassizismus haufig wechselnd vor. nes erschwert einen Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Ausdrucken in der Geschichtsschreibung. `Klassik` und Klassizimus sind besonders in der deutschsprachigen Musikwissenschaft erforscht worden. In dieser Arbeit werden geschichtliche Beziehungen zusammenfassend dagestellt, die hauptsachlich im deutschen Schrifttum erscheinen. Dabei sind die betreffenden Artikeln in der Musikenzyklopadie MGG sta¨rker bera¨cksichtigt worden, um eine Mare und offene Perspektwe herzustellen, die in der koreanischen Musikwissenschaft nuztlich zu sein vermag. In der Geschichte bezieht sich der Begriff `Klassik` einerseits auf die normative Kultur im antiken Griechenland, andererseits auf die ho¨chste Qualitat von Kunstwerken. Zumal kaum musikalische Klangmaterialien des alten Griechelands zu erhalten sind, gibt es in der Musik keinen konkreten Maβstab, der einen musikalischen Sinn in Zusammenhang mit der antiken Kultur ermoglicht. Wahrend das Wort `Klassik` im musikalischen Bereich vor allem eine hervoragende Leistung und somit unvergeβliche Werke bezeichnet, wird der Ausdruck Klassizismus zwangslaufig in bezug auf Wiener `Klassik` gebraucht, die mittelerweile als ein musikahsches Vorbild etabliert worden ist. Wenn `Klassik` eine vorbildliche gute Leistung bedeutet, kann die Wiener Schule eine `Klassik` fu¨r europa¨isce instsumentale Musik genannt werden. Im Vergleich dazu birgt sich Klahssizismus in einem Ruckgreifen der Wiener Schule im 19. Jahrhundert. Dennoch ist es nicht zu vermeiden, daβ Klassizismus in der Geschichtsschreibung eine kreative Nachahmung daβstellt, weil das Wort `Klassik` nicht nur fu¨r eine bestimmte Eroche, sondem auch fur normative Verstiindlichkeit zum Gbrauch kommt. In der Musikgeschchte haben `Klassik` und Klassizismus nicht immer dieselbe Bedeutung und damit differenzierte Akzente in jeweilem Kontext.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL ADDUCTS IN THE PHOTOREACTION BETWEEN DECACARBONYLDIMANGANESE AND 1,2‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1979)

Abstract Bei der Photolyse des Mangancarbonyls (II) in Gegenwart von 1‐,2‐Dicarbonylverbindungen (I) bilden sich die Radikaladdukte (III), in denen bei der Umsetzung mit Triethylphosphit (IV) zwei Carbonylliganden substituiert werden.
Miniaturization of Robust UHF RFID Antennas for Use on Perishable Goods and Human Bodies (2014)

Design guidelines for electrically small and robust UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) antennas are derived for operation in complex environments, such as perishable goods (e.g., meat and milk) or human bodies. A prototype UHF RFID antenna tag with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) is developed and tested in an RFID system. Water and meat tissue are used as environments. The obtained range of operation appears to be very robust. Measurements show a range of 3 m for the meat case and 2.5 m for a water environment at 868 MHz.
Carbon diffusion in CVD growth of carbon nanotubes on metal nanoparticles (2008)

Abstract Diffusion of carbon is the crucial step in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on metal nanoparticles. Using first principles techniques we model the binding and diffusion of carbon atoms and dimers on late transition (Ni, Pd, Pt) and coinage (Cu, Ag, Au) metal catalysts. We consider various diffusion mechanisms including both surface and subsurface channels, finding the lowest activation barriers for carbon adatoms on nanoparticles of coinage metals. For these metals, our calculations further show that the diffusion is restricted to the nanoparticle surface when diatomic carbon is initially obtained from the decomposition of the precursor gas. In combination with the results for the binding of CNT fragments to metal nanoparticles, we conclude that coinage metal catalysts, in particular Cu, favor CVD growth of CNTs at low temperatures and with narrow chirality distributions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An efficient method for storing and retrieving graph structures (1997)

Graphs are a typical and basic data structure for computer algorithms. Two-dimensional arrays and lists are well-known graph representations. These data representations have contrasting features for retrieval time and space efficiency. Aho et al. [3] proposed a method for combining the compactness of the list with the fast retrieval of the array. Applications of Aho's scheme were, however, limited to static data structures because the updating algorithm was not given. By introducing three one-dimensional arrays based on Aho's data structure, called a triple-array structure, this paper proposes a method for updating arcs stored in the triple array without degrading the worst-case retrieval time complexity O(1). The triple array maps arcs into two one-dimensional arrays CHECK and NEXT according to another one-dimensional array BASE. The updating algorithm presented here moves the initial positions of the arcs into other possible positions in the triple array by a first-fit strategy which searches the array CHECK starting from the head. For large graphs, the updating algorithm is improved by introducing the criterion of searching the array CHECK locally. Theoretical and experimental observations show that the updating time of the triple array becomes practical while keeping a worst-case retrieval time complexity of O(1). © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 28(3): 43–51, 1997
Magnetic Properties of NdTiFe <sub>11</sub> N <sub>0.5</sub> and YTiFe <sub>11</sub> N <sub>0.5</sub> (1991)

The structural and magnetic properties of NdTiFe11N0.5 and YTiFe11N0.5 have been studied. The nitrides retain the tetragonal ThMn12 structure and their unit cell volumes slightly increase. The interstitial nitrogen atoms are found to increase the Curie temperature and saturation magnetisation of the compounds, and especially have a strong effect on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Elevated expression of secreted phosphoprotein I (osteopontin, 2ar) as a consequence of neoplastic transformation. (1990)

Several lines of evidence have recently been presented indicating that proteins previously referred to as Mr 62,000-67,000 transformation-associated secreted phosphoprotein, 2ar, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein I, and 44K Dal bone phosphoprotein are all very likely encoded by the same gene. We have found that markedly elevated expression of this protein, which henceforth is referred to as secreted phosphoprotein I (Sppl) closely correlates with neoplastic transformation of a variety of cell types and that patients with advanced stage metastatic cancers have elevated levels of Sppl in their blood. Moreover, Sppl expression is induced in mouse epidermal cells in vitro and mouse epidermis in vivo with the tumor promoter TPA (Craig et al, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 9682-9689, 1989). Sppl amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA nucleotide sequence (Oldberg et al, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U.S.A. 83: 8819-8823, 1986) contains the GRGDS cell-binding sequence which is known to be important for cell attachment to several adhesive proteins found in extracellular matrices. Because of the presence of the GRGDS cell-binding sequence in Sppl, it is probable that abnormally high expression of this soluble protein by tumor cells has important consequences for interactions between tumor cells and the host tissue matrix.
Antimicrobial Carvacrol-Containing Polypropylene Films: Composition, Structure and Function (2018)

Significant research has been directed toward the incorporation of bioactive plant extracts or essential oils (EOs) into polymers to endow the latter with antimicrobial functionality. EOs offer a unique combination of having broad antimicrobial activity from a natural source, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) recognition in the US, and a volatile nature. However, their volatility also presents a major challenge in their incorporation into polymers by conventional high-temperature-processing techniques. Herein, antimicrobial polypropylene (PP) cast films were produced by incorporating carvacrol (a model EO) or carvacrol, loaded into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), via melt compounding. We studied the composition-structure-property relationships in these systems, focusing on the effect of carvacrol on the composition of the films, the PP crystalline phase and its morphology and the films' mechanical and antimicrobial properties. For the first time, molecular dynamics simulations were applied to reveal the complex interactions between the components of these carvacrol-containing systems. We show that strong molecular interactions between PP and carvacrol minimize the loss of this highly-volatile EO during high-temperature polymer processing, enabling semi-industrial scale production. The resulting films exhibit outstanding antimicrobial properties against model microorganisms (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Alternaria alternata</i>). The PP/(HNTs-carvacrol) nanocomposite films, containing the carvacrol-loaded HNTs, display a higher level of crystalline order, superior mechanical properties and prolonged release of carvacrol, in comparison to PP/carvacrol blends. These properties are ascribed to the role of HNTs in these nanocomposites and their effect on the PP matrix and retained carvacrol content.
Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors (2019)

A pre-metastatic niche is a microenvironment prepared for the colonization of circulating tumor cells in specific organs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a variety of biological functions. Exosomes play an irreplaceable role in the development of pre-metastatic niches, and mainly function as communication medium. In this review, we analyzed the effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niches from various perspectives, including inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, organotropism, matrix remodeling and biomarker expression. In particular, exosomes express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cause the immune escape of tumor cells. The immunomodulatory effects of exosomes and their potential in liquid diagnosis have drawn our attention. The potential value of exosomes and pre-metastatic niches will be realized in the field of immunity therapy.
Optimization Equivalence of Divergences Improves Neighbor Embedding (2014)

Visualization methods that arrange data objects in 2D or 3D layouts have followed two main schools, methods oriented for graph layout and methods oriented for vectorial embedding. We show the two previously separate approaches are tied by an optimization equivalence, making it possible to relate methods from the two approaches and to build new methods that take the best of both worlds. In detail, we prove a theorem of optimization equivalences between β- and γ-, as well as α- and Renyi-divergences through a connection scalar. Through the equivalences we represent several nonlinear dimensionality reduction and graph drawing methods in a generalized stochastic neighbor embedding setting, where information divergences are minimized between similarities in input and output spaces, and the optimal connection scalar provides a natural choice for the tradeoff between attractive and repulsive forces. We give two examples of developing new visualization methods through the equivalences: 1) We develop weighted symmetric stochastic neighbor embedding (ws-SNE) from Elastic Embedding and analyze its benefits, good performance for both vectorial and network data; in experiments ws-SNE has good performance across data sets of different types, whereas comparison methods fail for some of the data sets; 2) we develop a γ-divergence version of a PolyLog layout method; the new method is scale invariant in the output space and makes it possible to efficiently use large-scale smoothed neighborhoods.
2-Bromo-5-iodo-hydroquinone and its Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Dialkylethers (1998)

2-Bromo-5-iodo-hydroquinone dialkylethers are prepared by the stepwise halogenation and alkylation of hydroquinone monoalkylethers using simple and easily performable reactions. Boron tribromide induced cleavage of the dipropoyl ether gives the parent compound 2-bromo- 5-iodo-hydroquinone in good yields.
Inhibition of Chymotrypsin and Pancreatic Elastase by<i>4H-3</i>, 1-Benzoxazin-4-Ones (1991)

Eight 3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones have been used to inactivate chymotrypsin and pancreatic elastase. Whereas 6,7-dimethoxy substitution only slightly decreased the acylation rate constant, the deacylation reaction was nearly unaffected. Bulky alkoxy groups in position 2 of the heterocyclic moiety were shown to increase enormously the acylation rate of chymotrypsin, but not that of elastase.
The nematicidal activity of acetylene compounds. (1982)

During studies on naturally occurring nematicidal substances, we confirmed that two acetylene compounds, namely 2-cis, $-cis-and 2-trans, 8-cw-matricaria esters, caused the nematicidal activity of the extract from roots of Erigeron philadelphicus L.1} In 1959, Uhlenbroek et al. isolated the nematicidal acetylene compound along with a-terthienyl from Tagetespatula L. and T. erecta L.,2) and
Dissection of the phytohormonal regulation of trichome formation and biosynthesis of the antimalarial compound artemisinin in <i>Artemisia annua</i> plants (2010)

• Biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene lactone and potent antimalarial drug artemisinin occurs in glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua plants and is subjected to a strict network of developmental and other regulatory cues. • The effects of three hormones, jasmonate, gibberellin and cytokinin, were studied at the structural and molecular levels in two different A. annua chemotypes by microscopic analysis of gland development, and by targeted metabolite and transcript profiling. Furthermore, a genome-wide cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-based transcriptome profiling was carried out of jasmonate-elicited leaves at different developmental stages. • Although cytokinin and gibberellin positively affected at least one aspect of gland formation, these two hormones did not stimulate artemisinin biosynthesis. Only jasmonate simultaneously promoted gland formation and coordinated transcriptional activation of biosynthetic gene expression, which ultimately led to increased sesquiterpenoid accumulation with chemotype-dependent effects on the distinct pathway branches. Transcriptome profiling revealed a trichome-specific fatty acyl- coenzyme A reductase, trichome-specific fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (TFAR1), the expression of which correlates with trichome development and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. • TFAR1 is potentially involved in cuticular wax formation during glandular trichome expansion in leaves and flowers of A. annua plants. Analysis of phytohormone-modulated transcriptional regulons provides clues to dissect the concerted regulation of metabolism and development of plant trichomes.
The Overlooked Drilling Hazard: Decision Making From Bad Data (2012)

Abstract It is widely known that data associated with oil well drilling is often noisy and otherwise of bad quality. It is also known that solutions need to draw on both people, processes and technology to make traction. However, both the severity of the matter and the complex causes of bad data are still not completely understood. In this paper we offer a new vantage point, by presenting the data quality issues as they appear in drilling operations which utilize a real-time wellbore model for supervision and decision support. We summarize experience from several pilot studies carried out by SINTEF and the Center for Integrated Operations in the Petroleum Industry, together with industry partners. We find that bad data quality is not only a cost driver, but a serious drilling hazard in its own right.
Facilitating Mixed Language Programming in Distrbuted Systems (1987)

An approach for facilitating mixed language programming in distributed systems is presented. It is based on adding a generic remote procedure call facility to each language, and the use of a type system to describe procedural interfaces, as well as data to be transferred between procedures. This type scheme also specifies a machine-independent representation for all data. By defining standard mappings for each programming language, the data conversions required for cross-langauge calls may be performed, automatically in most cases, by active agents that provide the interface between program components written in different languages. When necessary, explicit control of the conversation is possible. A prototype implementation of a system based on this approach has been constructed on a collection of machines running Berkeley UNIX®.
The Memory System of a High-Performance Personal Computer (1981)

The memory system of the Dorado, a compact high- performance personal computer, has very high I/O bandwidth, a large paged virtual memory, a cache, and heavily pipelined control; this paper discusses all of these in detail. Relatively low-speed I/O devices transfer single words to or from the cache; fast devices, such as a color video display, transfer directly to or from main storage while the processor uses the cache. Virtual addresses are used in the cache and for all I/O transfers. The memory is controlled by a seven-stage pipeline, which can deliver a peak main-storage bandwidth of 533 million bits/s to service fast I/O devices and cache misses. Interesting problems of synchronization and scheduling in this pipeline are discussed. The paper concludes with some performance measurements that show, among other things, that the cache hit rate is over 99 percent.
Mapping similarities in mTOR pathway perturbations in mouse lupus nephritis models and human lupus nephritis (2008)

Our findings implicate the mTOR pathway as a critical contributor to human lupus. This broad pathway-based approach to understanding the similarities in, and differences between, animal models and human diseases may have broader utility.
Improving Virtual Machine Migration via Deduplication (2014)

For this study the techniques of virtual machine migration are understood and the affects deduplication has on migration are evaluated. The benefits of using deduplication and compression on virtual machines show in the metric of space saved during migrating. Deduplication is computationally expensive so we evaluate how to group virtual machines with similar elements in order to improve migration. From this study, grouping virtual machines based on similar elements improves the overhead from deduplication and compression but estimates which virtual machines are best grouped together.
Silyl Triflates – Valuable Synthetic Materials in Organosilicon Chemistry (1996)

Abstract The highly reactive silyl triflates R 4– n Si(OSO 2 CF 3 ) n are valuable materials in organosilicon chemistry. Numerous new triflate derivatives of mono‐, oligo‐, and polysilanes were prepared by stepwise substitution of trifluoromethylsulfonyl groups for phenyl groups or other leaving groups. Conversions of silyl triflates with nucleophiles proceed regioselectively and, in most cases, quantitatively at low temperatures with short reaction times. Therefore, silyl triflates are suitable reagents for the synthesis and functionalization of linear and cyclic oligosilanes. Novel polycarbosilanes, polysilylalkynes, and polysilylphenylenes, which show a regular alternating arrangement of silylene groups and organic units, were prepared from α,ω‐bis[(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)silyl]‐substituted compounds and dinucleophiles. Branched polysilanes and polysilynes were obtained by reductive coupling of polymeric silyl triflates with potassium‐graphite.
A toolset for the authoring, simulation, and rendering of sensory experiences (2012)

This paper describes a toolset for the authoring, simulating, and rendering of multimedia content annotated with Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM) descriptions as specified in Part 3 of the MPEG V standard. This part of MPEG-V standardizes the description of sensory effects (e.g., light, wind) in order to be rendered on sensory devices (e.g., fans, vibration chairs) aiming at generating a sensory experience stimulating possibly all human senses. Our implementation comprises a toolset to author sensory effects associated with multimedia content and the simulation thereof. Furthermore, it includes a library, a standalone player, and a Web browser plug-in which enables the playback and rendering of sensory effects on off-the-shelf rendering devices and in various contexts. All software modules are available under the GNU General Public License (GPL) v3 and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) v3 respectively.
Retrieval of CO from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT: detection of strongly polluted areas and seasonal patterns in global CO abundances (2005)

Abstract. SCIAMACHY onboard the European environmental research satellite ENVISAT is an UV/visible/near-infrared spectrometer providing 3 near infrared channels covering wavelengths from 1-1.75 µm, 1.94-2.04 µm and 2.26-2.38 µm with moderate spectral resolution (0.22-1.5nm). From their structured absorption in these spectral regions, we can quantitatively determine the total column densities of the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, N2O and H2O as well as of CO. A modified DOAS algorithm based on optimal estimation (IMAP-DOAS) has been developed at the University of Heidelberg to account for the peculiarities of these absorbers. CO is a relatively weak absorber whose spectral signature is overlapped by strong CH4 and H2O absorptions. Hence, retrieval of CO from SCIAMACHY spectra (within 2.26-2.38 µm) is a challenging task. Therefore, the calibration of the raw spectra with respect to dark current issues and nonlinearity were analysed in detail and substantially improved to enable reasonable retrieval of CO. This paper focusses on first results of the CO retrieval where various sources like biomass burning events and their seasonal variability can be clearly identified.