gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An <i>in vitro</i> study of the adhesion of blood platelets onto vascular catheters. Part I (1987)

The adhesion of human blood platelets onto vascular catheters was studied using a specially designed perfusion chamber. Polyurethane catheters were exposed to citrated human blood for different periods (up to 20 min) and at different wall shear rates (190, 260, 330 sec-1). The rate of platelet adhesion was determined using 111In-labeled platelets, while the morphology of adhering platelets was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. A linear increase in platelet adhesion was found within the first 10 min of perfusion, after which a plateau value was reached. The number of adhering platelets did not vary significantly with the shear rates applied, which may indicate that within the range of shear rates studied, the adhesion of platelets onto the catheter surface is mainly determined by the rate of the reaction between the platelets and the material surface. Catheters coated with a conjugate of heparin and albumin showed a four- to five-fold reduction in platelet adhesion as compared to uncoated catheters. This reduction in platelet adhesion was not only due to the presence of albumin moieties at the surface but also to the presence of heparin residues in the adsorbed albumin-heparin conjugate.
Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent progress and perspective (2009)

Although the "cancer stem cell (CSC)" hypothesis was first proposed roughly 50 years ago, recent progress in stem cell biology and technologies has successfully achieved the identification of CSCs in a variety of cancers. CSCs are defined as a minor population which possesses a prominent ability to generate new tumors that faithfully reproduce the phenotype of original tumors in xenotransplant assays. Additionally, CSCs are able to self-renew and generate differentiated progenies to organize a hierarchical cell system in a similar fashion to normal stem cells. Although not all types of cancer follow the CSC theory, it provides an attractive cellular mechanism to account for the therapeutic resistance and recurrence of the disease. A minor population with CSC properties has been detected in a number of established hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and extensive analyses characterizing the CSC system in primary HCC samples are now ongoing. Considering that HCC has high rates of recurrence and mortality, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Although the clinical relevance of CSCs remains elusive, deep understanding of the cellular organization of HCC may allow us to develop therapies targeting specific cell types such as CSCs.
Modulation of Heat-shock Protein 27 (Hsp27) Anti-apoptotic Activity by Methylglyoxal Modification (2002)

Methylglyoxal (MG) is one of the side-products in glycolysis, and it reacts with proteins under physiological conditions. Here, we identified heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) as a major MG-modified protein in cells. MG modification of Hsp27 selectively occurs at Arg-188 to form argpyrimidine, and mutation in the residue represses the formation of a large oligomer. This modification process is essential to its repressing activity for cytochrome c-mediated caspase activation. Inhibition of MG modification of Hsp27 causes sensitization of the cells to anti-tumor drug-induced apoptosis. Thus, MG is a novel modulator of cell survival by directly incorporating with the specific protein residue.
Full-field X-ray microscopy with crossed partial multilayer Laue lenses (2014)

We demonstrate full-field X-ray microscopy using crossed multilayer Laue lenses (MLL). Two partial MLLs are prepared out of a 48 μm high multilayer stack consisting of 2451 alternating zones of WSi2 and Si. They are assembled perpendicularly in series to obtain two-dimensional imaging. Experiments are done in a laboratory X-ray microscope using Cu-Kα radiation (E = 8.05 keV, focal length f = 8.0 mm). Sub-100 nm resolution is demonstrated without mixed-order imaging at an appropriate position of the image plane. Although existing deviations from design parameters still cause aberrations, MLLs are a promising approach to realize hard X-ray microscopy at high efficiencies with resolutions down to the sub-10 nm range in future.
Predictive Risk Factors Associated with Stroke Patient Falls in Acute Care Settings (1990)

The purpose of this retrospective prediction study was to evaluate potential risk factors for falls in stroke patients in the acute care setting. Charts of 202 stroke patients who experienced falls and 111 stroke patients who did not fall (N = 313) were sampled from two major medical centers in the southwestern United States. Independent variables included: demographics; side of stroke; mental, motor and sensory status; activity level ordered; medications and laboratory values. A 16-variable multiple linear regression risk-factor equation resulted in r2 = .300, a highly predictive finding (F[16,296] = 7.92, p less than .001). Final results indicate that stroke patients with a history of falls, with impaired decision-making ability, that exhibit restlessness, generalized weakness, abnormal hematocrit and are easily fatigued should be identified for surveillance, especially at night when most falls occur.
(<i>S</i>)‐norlaudanosoline synthase: The first enzyme in the benzylisoquinoline biosynthetic pathway (1981)

1. introduction Isoquinoline alkaloids form the largest group of alkaloids in the plant kingdom. Numerous publications deal with aspects of the biosynthesis of these compounds in vivo [ 11, while isoquinoline biosynthesis at the cell-free level had hardly been touched [Z]. The initial reaction in isoquinoline biosynthesis has long [3] been assumed to be a condensation of two aromatic units, both derived from tyrosine, namely dopamine and 3,4-d~ydroxyphenylacet~dehyde [4]. This scheme was later modified [5] where it was reported that condensation of dopamine with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate would lead to an amino acid, norlaudanosoline-l-carboxylic acid, which in turn, by decarboxylation, would yield norlaudanosoline,
<title>Pattern Recognition Automatic Fine Alignment</title> (1982)

As alignment tolerances and the associated overlay characteristics become more important to microlithography, automatic alignment has proven to be necessary for high yields and consistent throughput. This paper describes an Automatic Alignment System designed for, but not limited to, projection printers. In this scheme a vidicon is used to detect the images projected from special targets on the mask and wafer. The video information is procesed by a microcomputer system that performs a pattern recognition algorithm to determine target position and the necessary alignment correction. The system closely resembles operator alignment in concept, yet gives greater accuracy and more consistent performance. Operational principles and actual performance are discussed.
GaAs/AlGaAs Nanowire Heterostructures Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2007)

We directly image the interior of GaAs/AlGaAs axial and radial nanowire heterostructures with atomic-scale resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy. We show that formation of monolayer sharp and smooth axial interfaces are possible even by vapor-phase epitaxy. However, we also find that instability of the ternary alloys formed in the Au seed fundamentally limits axial heterostructure control, inducing large segment asymmetries. We study radial core-shell nanowires, imaging even ultrathin submonolayer shells. We demonstrate how large twinning-induced morphological defects at the wire surfaces can be removed, ensuring the formation of wires with atomically flat sides.
A Sensitive New Immunoassay for Calcitonin Employing Labeled Antibody (1971)

Purified 125I-labeled antibody (125I-AB) to porcine calcitonin (CT) has been used to measure CT in a new immunoradiometric assay. An immunoadsorbent (IA) consisting of CT diazotized to a cellulose derivative is used to isolate specific antibody from anti-CT antiserum. The antibody is labeled while still linked to the IA, and subsequently eluted with HC1. Prior to the assay the labeled antibody is purified by column chromatography. At the end of antigen-antibody incubation (2 days, 4 C), “bound” is separated from “free” 126I-AB by a second incubation (1 min, 25 C) with IA. Concentrations as low as 1 pg/ml of CT can be detected. With this technique, we have shown that, in the peripheral serum of young pigs, the level of CT during normocalcemia is 150–250 pg/ml, rising during hypercalcemia to a peak of 2–4 ng/ml.
Implementation of a spike-based perceptron learning rule using TiO2−x memristors (2015)

Synaptic plasticity plays a crucial role in allowing neural networks to learn and adapt to various input environments. Neuromorphic systems need to implement plastic synapses to obtain basic "cognitive" capabilities such as learning. One promising and scalable approach for implementing neuromorphic synapses is to use nano-scale memristors as synaptic elements. In this paper we propose a hybrid CMOS-memristor system comprising CMOS neurons interconnected through TiO2-x memristors, and spike-based learning circuits that modulate the conductance of the memristive synapse elements according to a spike-based Perceptron plasticity rule. We highlight a number of advantages for using this spike-based plasticity rule as compared to other forms of spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) rules. We provide experimental proof-of-concept results with two silicon neurons connected through a memristive synapse that show how the CMOS plasticity circuits can induce stable changes in memristor conductances, giving rise to increased synaptic strength after a potentiation episode and to decreased strength after a depression episode.
Applications Update - Advanced Composite Coiled Tubing (1998)

Abstract Composite Spoolable Pipe for use in the Oil and Gas Industry is a new emerging technology. Enabling benefits include increased corrosion resistance, major weight reduction over steel as well as increased fatigue resistance. One company is close to commercial introduction of composite spoolable pipe for both well servicing and well completion operations. This paper will detail the latest application developments achieved at the time of the conference. It will cover the advancements made since the last update, SPE paper No. 38414 "Update on Composite Spoolable Pipe Developments" presented at the 2nd North America Coiled Tubing roundtable in April 1997. The focus will be on the application of this technology in its first commercial operations. P. 215
Facial structure in the sudden infant death syndrome: case-control study (1998)

The cause of the sudden infant death syndrome is unclear. Polygraphic recordings of 30 infants who subsequently died of the syndrome showed a significant increase in mixed and obstructive apnoeas compared with well matched controls.1 Postmortem examination suggests upper airway narrowing in victims of the syndrome. The decreased number of cases of sudden infant death syndrome after advice to put infants to sleep supine suggests a posture dependent cause, and recent evidence suggests that upper airways of sleeping infants are more widely patent supine than prone.2 Thus sleeping supine might decrease obstructive apnoeas.

An increased frequency of sudden infant death syndrome and apparent life threatening events in infants has been found in the families of patients with the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. 3 4 We found that retroposition of the maxilla was a common feature in families who had both the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea and sudden infant death syndromes.3 …
INSECT VECTORS OF THE YEAST <i>NEMATOSPORA CORYLI</i> IN MUSTARD, <i>BRASSICA JUNCEA</i>, CROPS IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN (1983)

Abstract Eighteen piercing and sucking insects were identified as feeders on green pods of mustard crops, Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. in Saskatchewan. Of these, the false chinch bug, Nysius ericae (Shilling), Lygus spp., and the western damsel bug, Nabis alternatus Parshley, were found to carry the yeast Nematospora coryli Peglion internally. N. ericae was capable of transmitting this organism to seeds in healthy green mustard plants.
Multi-device mixed reality TV (2017)

A multi-user experience extending a standard TV content with AR elements is presented. It runs with both a standard tablet and a premium MR headset, the Microsoft HoloLens. A virtual TV mosaic is displayed around the TV screen and used as a GUI to control both TV and MR content. This paper focuses on the collaborative and personalized dimension offered by the experience. Unlike most AR applications, it can be simultaneously run by several users using different devices. The users can share content with others while keeping a personalized display. The added-value of such an extended TV experience has been demonstrated through complementary types of content, and user feedback confirms a real interest in this new kind of home entertainment, at the same time immersive, interactive, collaborative and personalized.
Performance of fully variable demand assignment SS/TDMA satellite systems (1987)

Abstract Fully variable demand assignment in a SS/TDMA satellite system requires frequent burst time plan changes with reconfiguration of the on‐board switch matrix state sequence. The burst managment presented in this paper assumes that bursts are not reconfigurated into new bursts during such burst time plan changes but merely shifted in time. The performance of this burst management procedure as obtained from simulations over three different networks is reported in terms of throughput gains, required signalling capacity and time required to change burst time plan.
Emerging Web graphics standards and technologies (2003)

Migrating computer graphics to the Web poses several problems, but with new standards and technology advances, graphics applications can balance latency and bandwidth constraints with image quality. The paper discusses Web graphics standards, distributed virtual environments and virtual humans.
Synthesis of the monosodium salt of carbon-14 labeled paclitaxel (Taxol®) 2′-ethyl carbonate 7-phosphonooxymethyl ether, a potential prodrug of paclitaxel (1997)

The monosodium salt of Carbon-14 labeled paclitaxel (Taxol®) [N3′-14COPh] 2′-ethyl carbonate 7-phosphonooxymethyl ether, was prepared from C-14 labeled paclitaxel [N3′-14COPh] in 5 steps. The radiochemical purity of the final product was greater than 99% and the specific activity was 25 μCi/mg. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Methodology of Analytical Formula Deduction and Sensitivity Analysis of EENS in Bulk Power System Reliability Assessment (2006)

As an energy index in bulk power system reliability assessment, EENS (expected energy not supplied) is of great significance to reliability and economic analysis, optimal reliability, power system planning, and so on. In this paper, a new analytical way to calculate EENS is proposed. The analytical formula of EENS with respect to component reliability parameters, such as component availability and unavailability, component failure and repair rate, component capacity is proposed. Using the analytical formula, we can easily calculate the system EENS other than reevaluate all the system states when component reliability parameters change, thus much fewer calculation is consumed. Based on the analytical formula, sensitivity indices of EENS with respect to component parameters are derived. The sensitivity indices can help us to identify the system "bottlenecks" effectively and provide essential information for power system planning and operation. The method proposed in this paper enriches the theory of bulk power system reliability assessment as well as provides an advanced technique for promoting its engineering application. The application in the RBTS proves the practicality, validity and effectiveness of the theory and method proposed in this paper
On the performance of <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>* correction methods for quantification of hepatic fat content (2011)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western societies. MRI can quantify liver fat, the hallmark feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, so long as multiple confounding factors including T(2)* decay are addressed. Recently developed MRI methods that correct for T(2)* to improve the accuracy of fat quantification either assume a common T(2)* (single-T(2)*) for better stability and noise performance or independently estimate the T(2)* for water and fat (dual-T(2)*) for reduced bias, but with noise performance penalty. In this study, the tradeoff between bias and variance for different T(2)* correction methods is analyzed using the Cramér-Rao bound analysis for biased estimators and is validated using Monte Carlo experiments. A noise performance metric for estimation of fat fraction is proposed. Cramér-Rao bound analysis for biased estimators was used to compute the metric at different echo combinations. Optimization was performed for six echoes and typical T(2)* values. This analysis showed that all methods have better noise performance with very short first echo times and echo spacing of ∼π/2 for single-T(2)* correction, and ∼2π/3 for dual-T(2)* correction. Interestingly, when an echo spacing and first echo shift of ∼π/2 are used, methods without T(2)* correction have less than 5% bias in the estimates of fat fraction.
New Bounds on The Encoding of Planar Triangulations (2000)

Compact encodings of the connectivity of planar triangulations is a very important subject not only in graph theory but also in computer graphics. In 1962 Tutte determined the number of different planar triangulations. From his results follows that the encoding of the connectivity of planar triangulations with three border edges and vertices consumes in the asymptotic limit for � at least � � � � bits. Currently the best compression method with guaranteed upper bounds is based on the encoding of � �-Edgebreaker strings and consumes no more than �� � bits per vertex. In this report we improve these results to �� � bits per vertex. We also present a new coding scheme for the split indices in a different encoding method- the Cut-Border Machine. We describe an encoding with an upper bound of �� � bits per vertex. Finally, we introduce a Cut-Border data structure which allows for linear coding and decoding algorithms.
The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Vancouver Classification of Renal Neoplasia (2013)

The classification working group of the International Society of Urological Pathology consensus conference on renal neoplasia was in charge of making recommendations regarding additions and changes to the current World Health Organization Classification of Renal Tumors (2004). Members of the group performed an exhaustive literature review, assessed the results of the preconference survey and participated in the consensus conference discussion and polling activities. On the basis of the above inputs, there was consensus that 5 entities should be recognized as new distinct epithelial tumors within the classification system: tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, clear cell (tubulo) papillary RCC, the MiT family translocation RCCs (in particular t(6;11) RCC), and hereditary leiomyomatosis RCC syndrome-associated RCC. In addition, there are 3 rare carcinomas that were considered as emerging or provisional new entities: thyroid-like follicular RCC; succinate dehydrogenase B deficiency-associated RCC; and ALK translocation RCC. Further reports of these entities are required to better understand the nature and behavior of these highly unusual tumors. There were a number of new concepts and suggested modifications to the existing World Health Organization 2004 categories. Within the clear cell RCC group, it was agreed upon that multicystic clear cell RCC is best considered as a neoplasm of low malignant potential. There was agreement that subtyping of papillary RCC is of value and that the oncocytic variant of papillary RCC should not be considered as a distinct entity. The hybrid oncocytic chromophobe tumor, which is an indolent tumor that occurs in 3 settings, namely Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome, renal oncocytosis, and as a sporadic neoplasm, was placed, for the time being, within the chromophobe RCC category. Recent advances related to collecting duct carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma, and mucinous spindle cell and tubular RCC were elucidated. Outside of the epithelial category, advances in our understanding of angiomyolipoma, including the epithelioid and epithelial cystic variants, were considered. In addition, the apparent relationship between cystic nephroma and mixed epithelial and stromal tumor was discussed, with the consensus that these tumors form a spectrum of neoplasia. Finally, it was thought that the synovial sarcoma should be removed from the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal category and placed within the sarcoma group. The new classification is to be referred to as the International Society of Urological Pathology Vancouver Classification of Renal Neoplasia.
Dynamic Sample Size Detection in Learning Command Line Sequence for Continuous Authentication (2012)

Continuous authentication (CA) consists of authenticating the user repetitively throughout a session with the goal of detecting and protecting against session hijacking attacks. While the accuracy of the detector is central to the success of CA, the detection delay or length of an individual authentication period is important as well since it is a measure of the window of vulnerability of the system. However, high accuracy and small detection delay are conflicting requirements that need to be balanced for optimum detection. In this paper, we propose the use of sequential sampling technique to achieve optimum detection by trading off adequately between detection delay and accuracy in the CA process. We illustrate our approach through CA based on user command line sequence and naïve Bayes classification scheme. Experimental evaluation using the Greenberg data set yields encouraging results consisting of a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 11.78% and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 1.33%, with an average command sequence length (i.e., detection delay) of 37 commands. When using the Schonlau (SEA) data set, we obtain FAR = 4.28% and FRR = 12%.
Frequency of arrhythmia symptoms and acceptability of implantable cardiac monitors in Hemodialysis patients (2017)

The prevalence of arrhythmia-related symptoms is high in hemodialysis patients and the majority would consider an implantable cardiac monitor if recommended by their physicians. Routine implantation of cardiac monitoring devices to manage arrhythmias in dialysis patients may be feasible and will provide further insights on the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients.