gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TrafficNet: An Open Naturalistic Driving Scenario Library (2017)

The enormous efforts spent on collecting naturalistic driving data in the recent years has resulted in an expansion of publicly available traffic datasets, which has the potential to assist the development of the self-driving vehicles. However, we found that many of the attempts to utilize these datasets have failed in practice due to a lack of usability concern from the organizations that host these collected data. For example, extracting data associated with certain critical conditions from naturalistic driving data organized in chronological order may not be convenient for a vehicle engineer that doesn't have big data analytics experiences. To address the general usability challenges of these publicly available traffic datasets, we propose TrafficNet, a large-scale and extensible library of naturalistic driving scenarios, aiming at bridging the gap between research datasets and practically usable information for vehicle engineers and researchers. The proposed web-based driving scenario database preprocesses massive raw traffic data collected in chronological order into an organized scenario-based dataset by applying a set of categorization algorithms to label the naturalistic driving data with six different critical driving scenarios. TrafficNet opens not only the scenario library but also the source code of these categorization methods to the public, which will foster more sophisticated and accurate scenario-based categorization algorithms to advance the intelligent transportation research. The source code and the scenario database can be accessed at https://github.com/TrafficNet.
Evaluation of the structure-modifying effects of diacerein in hip osteoarthritis: ECHODIAH, a three-year, placebo-controlled trial (2001)

This study confirms previous clinical findings indicating that the demonstration of a structure-modifying effect in hip OA is feasible, and shows, for the first time, that treatment with diacerein for 3 years has a significant structure-modifying effect as compared with placebo, coupled with a good safety profile. The clinical relevance of these findings requires further investigation.
Super Mode Propagation in Low Index Medium (2007)

We investigate a novel waveguide geometry consisting of a high dielectric medium adjacent to a metal plane with a thin low dielectric spacer. The mechanism of operation is explained and simulation results are presented.
Role of Adjuvants in Turning Autoimmunity into Autoimmune Disease (1995)

Autoreactive B- as well as T-lymphocytes are often integral parts of the normal immune system and are not per se pathogenic. Also activation of these autoreactive lymphocytes may in many cases occur without ensuing pathology. In the current paper is discussed two situations whereby unspecific inflammatory stimuli in the form of immunological adjuvants may either by themselves cause arthritis, or may change a non-pathogenetic to a destructive and chronic inflammatory disease.
Late seroconversion in HIV-resistant Nairobi prostitutes despite pre-existing HIV-specific CD8+ responses (2001)

Resistance to HIV infection in a small group of Kenyan sex workers is associated with CD8+-lymphocyte responses to HIV cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Eleven prostitutes meeting criteria for HIV resistance seroconverted between 1996 and 1999. The occurrence and specificity of preexisting HIV-1 epitope-specific responses were examined using the IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and any epitopes recognized were cloned and sequenced from the infecting viral isolate. Immunologic and behavioral variables were compared between late seroconverters and persistently uninfected sex worker controls. HIV-1 CTL epitope responses were present in four of six cases, 5-18 months before seroconversion, and their presence was confirmed by bulk CTL culture. A possible viral escape mutation was found in one of six epitopes. The key epidemiologic correlate of late seroconversion was a reduction in sex work over the preceding year. In persistently uninfected controls, a break from sex work was associated with a loss of HIV-specific CD8+ responses. Late seroconversion may occur in HIV-1-resistant sex workers despite preceding HIV-specific CD8+ responses. Seroconversion generally occurs in the absence of detectable CTL escape mutations and may relate to the waning of HIV-specific CD8+ responses due to reduced antigenic exposure.
Demonstrating Robust Voice Querying with MUVE (2021)

Recently proposed voice query interfaces translate voice input into SQL queries. Unreliable speech recognition on top of the intrinsic challenges of text-to-SQL translation makes it hard to reliably interpret user input. We present MUVE (Multiplots for Voice quEries), a system for robust voice querying. MUVE reduces the impact of ambiguous voice queries by filling the screen with multiplots, capturing results of phonetically similar queries. It maps voice input to a probability distribution over query candidates, executes a selected subset of queries, and visualizes their results in a multiplot.
Flow induced by acoustic streaming on surface-acoustic-wave devices and its application in biofouling removal: A computational study and comparisons to experiment (2008)

All transducers used in biological sensing suffer from fouling resulting from nonspecific binding of protein molecules to the device surface. The acoustic-streaming phenomenon, which results from the fluid motion induced by high-intensity sound waves, can be used to remove these nonspecifically bound proteins to allow more accurate determinations and reuse of these devices. We present a computational and experimental study of the acoustic-streaming phenomenon induced by surface acoustic waves.A coupled-field fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of a surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) device based on a micrometer-sized piezoelectric substrate (YZ-LiNbO3) in contact with a liquid loading was developed to study the surface-acoustic-wave interaction with fluid loading. The fluid domain was modeled using the Navier-Stokes equation; the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach was employed to handle the mesh distortions arising from the motion of the solid substrate. The fluid-solid coupling was established by maintaining stress and displacement continuity at the fluid-structure interface. A transient analysis was carried out by applying a time-varying voltage to the transmitter interdigital transducer (IDT) fingers. Simulation results predict strong coupling of ultrasonic surface waves on the piezoelectric substrate with the thin liquid layer causing wave mode conversion from Rayleigh to leaky SAWs, which leads to acoustic streaming. The transient solutions generated from the FSI model were utilized to predict trends in acoustic-streaming velocity for varying design parameters such as voltage intensity, device frequency, fluid viscosity, and density. The induced streaming velocities typically vary from 1 mum/s to 1 cm/s, with the exact values dictated by the device operating conditions as well as fluid properties. Additionally, the model predictions were utilized to compute the various interaction forces involved and thereby identify the possible mechanisms for removal of nonspecifically bound proteins. Our study indicates that the SAW body force overcomes the adhesive forces of the fouling proteins to the device surface and the fluid-induced drag and lift forces prevent their reattachment. The streaming velocity fields computed using the finite-element model in conjunction with the proposed mechanism were used to identify the conditions leading to improved removal efficiency. Predictions of the model are in good agreement with those of simple analytical theories as well as the experimentally observed trends of nonspecific protein removal in typical SAW biosensing operations.
Deep neural network acoustic modeling for native and non-native Mandarin speech recognition (2014)

Recently, Context-Dependent Deep Neural Network Hidden Markov Models (CD-DNN-HMMs) proved to be a great success in improving the speech recognition accuracy over traditional Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-HMMs. In this paper, we applied CD-DNN-HMMs to an automatic Spoken Chinese Test (SCT) and improved the speech recognition performance significantly. We experimented on a large amount of native and non-native data collected for SCT and evaluated the effect of using different network activation functions: sigmoid and Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) for acoustic modeling. We investigated accent adaptation on a Linear Input Network (LIN) - ReLU DNN network structure to enhance the non-native speech recognition accuracy. Furthermore, the feature-space Discriminative Linear Regression fDLR based accent adaptation was applied at the bottom of the system and was evaluated. In our task, we observed that applying prior probabilities was critical; pre-training did not help improve the performance; the performance using ReLU DNNs or sigmoid DNNs was similar. Overall, CD-DNN-HMM acoustic models made a relative 20% improvement on our non-native task, and a relative 47% improvement on the native task over traditional GMM-HMM models. The accent adaptation additionally contributed a 2.7% relative gain on the non-native task.
THE FRONT DOOR TO MECKEL'S CAVE (2009)

In selected patients, the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach to the quadrangular space provides adequate exposure of Meckel's cave and its vicinity, with low morbidity.
Role of IL-23 and Th17 Cells in Airway Inflammation in Asthma (2010)

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with intense eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Accumulating evidence indicates that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. In addition, we and others have recently shown that IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-23, an IL-12-related cytokine that is essential for survival and functional maturation of Th17 cells, are involved in antigen-induced airway inflammation. In this review, our current understanding of the roles of IL-23 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation will be summarized.
A Recombined Haplotype in the Major Histocompatibility Region Contains a Cluster of Genes Conferring High Susceptibility to Ulcerative Colitis in the Spanish Population (2005)

The above-mentioned pattern, most likely formed by recombination of the telomeric fragment of the MHC 7.1 ancestral haplotype, seems to be the most important genetic determinant of susceptibility to the extensive form of UC in our population.
Personal wireless (1993)

Personal communication services (PCSs), whereby individuals carry small, inexpensive handheld communicators and can be reached by voice or data with a single phone number, wherever they may be, are discussed. Some early experiments with PCS systems are noted, and problems encountered or anticipated are examined. These include cost, infrastructure, and spectrum issues.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Detects Galanin Receptor Diversity on Insulinoma Cells (2001)

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) allows the study of interactions of fluorescently labeled ligand with receptors in living cells at single-molecule detection sensitivity. From the autocorrelation functions of fluorescence intensity fluctuations, the diffusion time of molecules through the confocal volume is analyzed, and from that, the molecular weights of free and bound molecules can be calculated. We have applied FCS to study the receptor diversity for the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) in cultured cells. FCS measurement of the fluorophore rhodamine-labeled GAL (Rh-GAL) has been performed in 0.2-fL confocal volume elements of the laser beam. The analysis of autocorrelation functions of Rh-GAL in solution above cells and at cell membranes demonstrates that the diffusion time of unbound Rh-GAL is 0.16 ms, whereas diffusion times of membrane-bound Rh-GAL are 22 and 700 ms. Because both of the diffusion times (22 and 700 ms) are much longer as compared to that of unbound Rh-GAL, they correspond to slow-diffusing complexes when Rh-GAL is bound to the cell membranes. Addition of excess nonlabeled GAL is accompanied by competitive displacement. Full saturation of the GAL binding is obtained at nanomolar concentrations. Scatchard analysis of binding data reveal one binding process, assuming one binding site per Rh-GAL (n = 1). On the other hand, the appearance of two diffusion times, 22 and 700 ms, suggests the existence of two subpopulations of GAL receptor complexes or two subtypes of GAL receptor not detected before. This makes an important point that FCS permits the identification of receptors, which were not possible to detect before by conventional binding techniques. The inhibitory effect of pertussis toxin on the GAL binding considers a G-protein-involved allosteric system, important for the clarification of essential steps in the G-protein-related signal transduction. This study is of pharmaceutical significance, since it will provide insights into how FCS can be used as a rapid technique for studying ligand-receptor interactions in living cells, which is one step forward for large-scale drug screening in cell cultures.
Demenzdiagnostik im Seniorenheimbereich (2005)

Zusammenfassung: Seniorenheim- und SeniorenpflegeheimbewohnerInnen stellen eine Hochrisikogruppe für demenzielle Erkrankungen dar. Somit kommt der Demenzdiagnostik im Seniorenpflegeheimbereich eine wesentliche Bedeutung in der medizinischen Versorgung der BewohnerInnen zu. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Evaluation einer mehrstufigen, sequenziellen Strategie mit der 4-Stufen-Abfolge (1) Verdachtsdiagnostik, (2) Kognitives Screening, (3) Neuropsychologische Diagnostik und (4) Differenzialdiagnostik durch den/die (Fach-)Ärztin. Untersucht wurde eine Stichprobe neu aufgenommener BewohnerInnen in fünf Seniorenheimen. Die Kombination einer globalen Fremdbeurteilung des kognitiven Status durch das Pflegepersonal mit einer Selbstbeurteilungsskala (NSL) eignet sich zur Identifikation einer Verdachtspopulation (Stufe 1). Die Screeningtests (Stufe 2), MMSE und TFDD, können als gute Indikatoren für das Vorliegen eines Demenzsyndroms in Stufe 3 gewertet werden. Durch die Kombination mehrerer Screeningtests kann eine höhere diagnostische Güte als für die Einzeltests erreicht werden. Die resultierende sequenzielle Abfolge der Stufen 1 und 2 erbringt eine hohe diagnostische Güte (n = 29; Sensitivität: 80%, Spezifität: 100%, positiver prädiktiver Wert: 100%, negativer prädiktiver Wert: 91%) hinsichtlich eines bestehenden Demenzsyndroms. Für die praktische Umsetzung in den Seniorenheimen werden zwei diagnostische Algorithmen vorgeschlagen.
Ringing reduction of image restoration (2003)

In industrial applications, moving, swinging and vibration of the cameras are the main causes of blurred images. It is well know that the de-blurring process is seriously ill conditioned, and the ringing artifacts are always present in the restored images. In this paper, we study the characteristic of two deconvolution filters and analyze the origins of these ringing artifacts. Through the analysis, we find that these artifacts are caused by the amplifications at the corresponding frequencies. A method based on frequency domain is proposed in this paper to reduce the ringing by means of the weight matrix. The experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of our method.
Carrier-phase inter-frequency biases of GLONASS receivers (2011)

The frequency division multiplexing of the GLONASS signals causes inter-frequency biases in the receiving equipment. These biases vary considerably for receivers from different manufacturers and thus complicate or prevent carrier-phase ambiguity fixing. Complete and reliable ambiguity fixing requires a priori information of the carrier-phase inter-frequency bias differences of the receivers involved. GLONASS carrier-phase inter-frequency biases were estimated for 133 individual receivers from 9 manufacturers. In general, receivers of the same type and even receivers from the same manufacturer show similar biases, whereas the differences among manufacturers can reach up to 0.2 ns (more than 5 cm) for adjacent frequencies and thus up to 2.4 ns (73 cm) for the complete L1 or L2 frequency bands. A few individual receivers were identified whose inter-frequency biases behave differently as compared to other receivers of the same type or whose biases vary with time.
Role of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) in the tissue‐specific regulation of rat tryptophan hydroxylase gene expression by stress (2002)

There are tissue specific discrepancies in expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) between the pineal gland and brainstem. TPH mRNA levels in the pineal are much higher than in the brainstem, however, the two tissues contain comparable protein levels. This discrepancy could result from different translation efficiency of two of the TPH mRNA isoforms. Using PCR-based methods, we analyzed the relative expression, in pineal and brainstem, of two TPH mRNA isoforms differing in the length of their untranslated region (5'UTR). The levels of the TPHalpha were found to be 960-fold more abundant than the 51-nucleotide longer TPHbeta, in the pineal. TPHbeta was also detected for the first time in the brainstem, where TPHbeta/TPHalpha was about five-fold higher than in the pineal. To study the role of the different 5'UTRs, each was cloned in-frame upstream of luciferase, and transfected into PC12 cells. Both 5'UTRs enhanced luciferase activity, with TPHbeta 5'UTR being more effective than TPHalpha 5'UTR, indicating selective regulation of translation efficiency. We also examined whether physiological manipulations alter the distribution of the TPH mRNA isoforms. Repeated stress had no effect in pineal, but led to a marked preferential induction of TPHbeta in brainstem. Modulation of TPH gene expression in serotonergic neurons could result from selective and tissue specific regulation of its mRNA isoforms.
Scalable cross-module optimization (1998)

Large applications are typically partitioned into separately compiled modules. Large performance gains in these applications are available by optimizing across module boundaries. One barrier to applying crossmodule optimization (CMO) to large applications is the potentially enormous amount of time and space consumed by the optimization process.We describe a framework for scalable CMO that provides large gains in performance on applications that contain millions of lines of code. Two major techniques are described. First, careful management of in-memory data structures results in sub-linear memory occupancy when compared to the number of lines of code being optimized. Second, profile data is used to focus optimization effort on the performance-critical portions of applications. We also present practical issues that arise in deploying this framework in a production environment. These issues include debuggability and compatibility with existing development tools, such as make . Our framework is deployed in Hewlett-Packard's (HP) UNIX compiler products and speeds up shipped independent software vendors' applications by as much as 71%.
Attachment and growth of cultured fibroblast cells on silk protein matrices (1995)

Abstract The attachment and growth of L‐929 cells on films made of Bombyx mori silk proteins—fibroin and sericin and their mixtures—was studied by a cell culture method. Both cell attachment and growth were dependent on a minimum of around 90% sericin in the mixture. The results from electron micrography as well as from the DSC measurements supported the notion that the mixture of the two proteins fibroin and sericin has a phase‐separated structure in the solid state. The observed minimum of sericin in the cell attachment and growth is thought to be a result of this phase‐separated structure. Films of pure component proteins (i.e., 100% fibroin or sericin) exhibited as high a cell attachment and growth as collagen, a widely used mammalian cell culture substrate. However, a morphological study of the attached cells revealed that the cells attached to silk fibroin were extended and had a spindle shape, just like the cells attached to collagen, while the cells attached to the silk sericin had a different shape. It is concluded, therefore, that the attachment condition on silk fibroin is ideal for the viability, growth and function of the cells. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
HSV Usurps Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 Subunit M for Viral Protein Translation: Novel Prevention Target (2010)

Prevention of genital herpes is a global health priority. B5, a recently identified ubiquitous human protein, was proposed as a candidate HSV entry receptor. The current studies explored its role in HSV infection. Viral plaque formation was reduced by approximately 90% in human cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting B5 or nectin-1, an established entry receptor. However, the mechanisms were distinct. Silencing of nectin-1 prevented intracellular delivery of viral capsids, nuclear transport of a viral tegument protein, and release of calcium stores required for entry. In contrast, B5 silencing had no effect on these markers of entry, but inhibited viral protein translation. Specifically, viral immediate early genes, ICP0 and ICP4, were transcribed, polyadenylated and transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, but the viral transcripts did not associate with ribosomes or polysomes in B5-silenced cells. In contrast, immediate early gene viral transcripts were detected in polysome fractions isolated from control cells. These findings are consistent with sequencing studies demonstrating that B5 is eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit m (eIF3m). Although B5 silencing altered the polysome profile of cells, silencing had little effect on cellular RNA or protein expression and was not cytotoxic, suggesting that this subunit is not essential for host cellular protein synthesis. Together these results demonstrate that B5 plays a major role in the initiation of HSV protein translation and could provide a novel target for strategies to prevent primary and recurrent herpetic disease.
A transient optical reflectivity study of laser annealing of ion-implanted silicon: Thresholds and kinetics (1979)

By probing transient optical reflectivity, we have investigated the liquid phase epitaxial regrowth kinetics of ion-implanted silicon during laser annealing. For annealing of ion-implanted silicon with an 80-ns (FWHM) pulse of various intensities at 1.06 μm, the threshold energy density required for melting is observed to be a constant. Above this threshold value, annealing occurs via an amorphous-to-liquid-to-crystalline transition. Redistribution of As profiles as measured by He+ backscattering spectra is observed only when the incident energy density exceeds the threshold. Below this value, a reduction of dechanneled fraction is observed, but no dopant redistribution occurs. From the observed melting onset, a maximum heating rate of about 2×1010 deg sec−1 is observed.
Measurement of physical adsorption of gases at high pressure (1990)

A dielectric method is described for the measurement of physisorption of gases at pressures up to 200 MPa. The adsorption measurements of methane on activated carbon obtained at moderate pressures are in good agreement with precedent results but reveal unexpected negative values at higher pressures.