gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Monitoring and Oxygenation between Facemask and Divided Nasal Cannula (2000)

The divided nasal cannula is a device recently released in Australia that couples oxygen delivery and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) monitoring. This study compares the accuracy of PETCO2 measurements by the divided nasal cannula and those measured by a modified facemask (as currently used in this institution), with arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). In this crossover study, 30 patients who had arterial lines as part of their routine monitoring were given oxygen via nasal cannula and facemask preoperatively. The PETCO2 was measured with each device and a simultaneous PaCO2 and PaO2 measured after equilibration. The results demonstrate a significant difference between the PETCO2 as measured by each technique. The divided nasal cannula more accurately reflects PaCO2 (mean arterial to end expired gradient of 5 mmHg) and provides a more representative trace when compared to a traditional facemask system. Both methods provided adequate oxygenation.
The effects of hemorrhage on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. (1985)

Bacterial infection often occurs after trauma and hemorrhage and is believed to be a reflection of a compromised host defense system. In the present study, the effect of temporary loss of blood on lymphocyte proliferative capacity was investigated. Hemorrhage was induced in unanesthetized rats with chronically catheterized carotid arteries. Two hours after withdrawal of 30% of total blood volume, phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation was almost completely suppressed; proliferation remained depressed for at least 24 hrs. The degree of suppression in lymphocyte proliferation was found to be dependent on the duration of hemorrhage. Mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes was significantly reduced as early as 30 min after hemorrhage and became more depressed at 2.0 hr after hemorrhage. This abnormality in host defense mechanisms may contribute to the increased incidence of sepsis present after trauma and hemorrhage.
The Hydrogen Peroxide-Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Alachlor in TiO<sub>2</sub> Suspensions (2003)

Photocatalytic degradations of alachlor in TiO2 suspensions with and without the use of hydrogen peroxide were studied using two different monochromatic UV irradiations (300 and 350 nm). Direct photolysis of alachlor was a rather slow process, but the addition of TiO2 enhanced the reaction rates by 12 and 26 times using 300 and 350 nm UV irradiation, respectively. The results showed that a low H2O2 dosage in photocatalysis using 300 nm UV would enhance the rates by 3.3 times, but an overdose of H2O2 will retard the rate due to the hydroxyl radicals are consumed. However, this process is impracticable at 350 nm due to the absorption characteristic of H2O2. A neutral initial pH level was found to favor the H2O2 assisted photocatalysis at 300 nm UV illumination. Eleven major intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and MS/MS. The major degradation mechanisms of H2O2-assisted alachlor photocatalysis include dechlorination, dealkylation, hydroxylation, cyclization, scission of C-O bond, and N-dealkylation. Bell-shaped evolution profiles of different intermediates were observed. Degradation pathways were proposed accordingly to illustrate series of degradation steps. The TOC analysis revealed the different stages of the reaction.
IL-12/IL-2 combination cytokine therapy for solid tumours: translation from bench to bedside (2002)

A broad range of approaches are under active investigation for the biological therapy of cancer, in particular, strategies directed at host immune response potentiation. These efforts have been fuelled by studies demonstrating the presence of an endogenous, but ineffective, host antitumour immune response and a greater understanding of the key factors which regulate this response. These mechanisms involve complex interactions between various effector cell populations, soluble factors and the tumour itself and are determined by the timing and relative intensity of positive and negative autoregulatory pathways, as well as a variety of immunosuppressive effects capable of mediating tumour self-defence. Based on these observations, immunotherapeutic regimens have been developed to potentiate antigen-specific sensitisation of effector cells with tumour vaccines/adjuvants, expand and amplify the number and function of effector cells, and to counteract suppressive pathways engaged by tumour cells themselves. Significant effort has focused on evaluating the use of exogenous cytokines, administered either systemically or locally into the tumour site via gene therapy. Several cytokines have demonstrated unique activity in the preclinical setting, including IL-2 and IFN-alpha -inducing cytokines such as IL12 and IL18. Most notably, later studies have now attempted to build on the clinical efficacy of IL-2 alone, to define combinations of agents with synergistic immunoregulatory and/or antitumour efficacy. Several lines of evidence suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 provide complementary immunoregulatory signals and have now shown that in combination, these two cytokines mediate synergistic antitumour activity in preclinical tumour models. This paper will review existing data regarding mechanisms of interaction between IL-2 and IL-12 in vitro and in preclinial models and describe future opportunities for the investigation of these potentially promising cytokines in the treatment of cancer.
Individualizing Aspirin Therapy for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Experience with modularity in an advanced teleconferencing service deployment (2009)

In this paper, we describe our experience with the design of an advanced teleconferencing service under two different frameworks - an early implementation of the distributed feature composition architecture, and the SIP Servlet API. The usual design goals of software modularity for encapsulation and reuse are pursued. Interestingly, two very different designs resulted. This paper discusses the factors that influenced our design decisions. In particular, we examine the different characteristics of the two frameworks as well as the maturity of project requirements, and illustrate the ways in which these factors affect various mechanisms for achieving software modularity. We also aim to draw on this experience to propose a set of design guidelines for building modular, composable SIP Servlet applications for Voice over IP and converged services.
Standards to Support Development of Terminological Systems for Healthcare Telematics (1998)

The Technical Committee on "Medical Informatics" of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TC251) is supporting developers of terminological systems in healthcare by a series of standards. The dream of "universal" coding system was abandoned in favor of a coherent family of terminologies, diversified according to tasks; two ideas were introduced: (1) the "categorical structure", i.e. a model of semantic categories and their relations within a subject field and (2) the "cross-thesaurus", i.e. a system of descriptors to build a systematic representation (called here "dissection") for each terminological phrase, coherent across diverse terminologies on a given subject field. The goal is to assure coexistence and interoperability (and reciprocal support for development and maintenance) to three generations of systems: (1) traditional paper-based systems (first generation); (2) compositional systems built according to a categorical structure and a cross-thesaurus (second generation) and (3) formal models (third generation). Various scenarios are presented, on the exploitation of computer-based terminological systems. The idea of "operational meaning" of terminological phrases within administrative and organizational contexts and the idea of "task-oriented details" are also introduced, to justify and exploit design constraints on terminological systems.
Fast look-ahead pruning strategies in continuous speech recognition (2003)

The author presents two fast anticipatory pruning schemes that have been investigated within the frame of a continuous speech recognition system based on HMM (hidden Markov modeling) and Viterbi decoding. Both algorithms rest on a coarse acoustic analysis in five broad phonetic categories. The first strategy interacts with the phoneme transitions during the search process, while the second takes account of lexical constraints by operating at the word level. Experiments have been performed on a thousand-word continuous speech task with no language model. Results show that a significant computational reduction is feasible without impairing the overall accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploring Structural Diversity in Ligand Design: The Aminoindanol Case (2008)

Abstract A series of enantiopure ligands based on the aminoindanol scaffold, but differing in regio‐ and stereochemistry has been synthesized. These ligands have been conveniently derivatized and their catalytic efficiency in different enantioselective reactions has been screened to determine privileged candidates with respect to regio‐ and stereochemistry for each considered process. The nature of the amino substituent has been optimized for specific applications and this has led to the development of an efficient method for the preparation of bulky bicyclic amines by reductive amination.
Gamma Rays from Several Elements Bombarded by 10 and 14 MeV Protons (1960)

Gamma ray spectra and intensities from C, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, Cd, Sn, Pt, Au and Pb bombarded by 10 and 14 MeV protons have been studied. For C, O, Mg, Si and Ca, most of the gamma rays could be attributed to the inelastic scattering. New levels at 7.08 and 8.13 MeV are suggested in 40 Ca.
Performance of a self-augmented railgun (1991)

The accelerating force of a railgun 1/2L′I2a can be increased by augmenting the self-induced magnetic field created by the armature current. Augmentation fields can be produced by external current coils or, as is done here, by shorting the railgun muzzle, and using the gun rails as the augmentation coil. Experimental results are presented for a 3.6-m railgun operated in this self-augmented mode, and effective inductance gradients are achieved which are as much as 9.3 times that of the unaugmented gun. A circuit model is presented which explains features of the measured shunt current and voltage. It is concluded that self-augmentation is an effective way to reduce ohmic heating in the armature of a railgun.
Effect of oil loading on microspheres produced by spray drying (2005)

Oil-loaded microspheres were produced by spray drying emulsions consisting of fish oil and modified starch suspensions with different oil loadings. The emulsion stability was assessed by oil droplet size analysis. Microspheres were characterized in terms of size, morphology, yield and microencapsulation efficiency. It was found that an increase in oil loading resulted in emulsions containing larger oil droplets. This corresponded with larger mean microsphere diameters and rounder microspheres. However, high oil loadings produced lower yields and affected microencapsulation efficiencies.
Researchers make web searches more intelligent (2006)

There is a need for better approaches to handle the huge amount of data on the rapidly growing number of Web pages. And offering search engines that are either more effective or that conduct new types of searches could mean considerable income for companies. Because of this, several businesses are exploring the use of artificial intelligence approaches such as natural-language processing (NLP) and statistical machine learning in Web searches. Besides making the technology more effective for use within a single body of knowledge, artificial intelligence would enable search engines to respond to natural-language queries rather than only keyword-based queries.
Études sur les conséquences de la théorie de la rotation simple de la Galaxie (1933)

Mohr Joseph Mikuláš. Études sur les conséquences de la théorie de la rotation simple de la Galaxie. In: Bulletin astronomique. Mémoires et variétés, tome 9, 1933. pp. 1-39.
Biotechnological production of glycolic acid and ethylene glycol: current state and perspectives (2019)

Glycolic acid (GA) and ethylene glycol (EG) are versatile two-carbon organic chemicals used in multiple daily applications. GA and EG are currently produced by chemical synthesis, but their biotechnological production from renewable resources has received a substantial interest. Several different metabolic pathways by using genetically modified microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and yeast have been established for their production. As a result, the yield of GA and EG produced from sugars has been significantly improved. Here, we describe the recent advancement in metabolic engineering efforts focusing on metabolic pathways and engineering strategies used for GA and EG production.
Use of sodium hyaluronate in human IOL implantation. (1981)

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted into each eye of 20 patients. In one eye of each patient, sodium hyaluronate [Healon] was used to maintain the anterior chamber and coat the corneal endothelium during surgery. Postoperative results were compared to the other eye of the 20 patients receiving IOL implants in the conventional way. Endothelial cell loss averaged 18% in the sodium hyaluronate treated eyes vs. a 54% endothelial cell loss in the control group.
Sectoral gender wage gap in Vietnam (2004)

Vietnam is under pressure to reduce the size of the state sector. Using the Vietnam Living Standards Survey 1997–98, the paper examines the impact of this change on the gender earnings gap. Women have traditionally been over‐represented in the state sector. After exiting the state sector, some seek jobs in the private sector. Estimation of separate earnings equations by sector suggests that the gender pay gaps in the state‐owned enterprises and the private sector are comparable. One may then conclude that women's relative economic position may not have worsened significantly. However, Appleton's decomposition (1999 Appleton, S, Hoddinott, J and Krishnan, P. (1999). The gender wage gap in three African countries. Economic_Development and Cultural Change, 47: pp. 289–313 [Google Scholar]) has demonstrated that the gender pay gap would be much wider if men and women were equally distributed between state and private sectors. Given that further downsizing is planned, it is important to increase women's human capital to reduce their vulnerability. Equal pay legislation and paid maternity leave are some policies that can reduce within‐sector earnings inequality.
학술연구 : 환경 물류에 관한 서설적 고찰 (2001)

물류는 환경 문제에 대응하여 자원 절약, 환경 보존, 재활용, 친환경 대체재, 안전한 폐기 처분 등으로 구매와 조달, 운송 창고업을 포함하는 넓은 영역에서 기여할 수 있다. 물류 시스템의 여러 측면, 특히 수송과 포장은 환경 오염의 잠재적 원인이다. 그러나 긍정적인 측면에서 물류 시스템은 생태계의 문제를 감축하거나 해소할 수 있는 한 국가의 가용한 자원 중의 하나이다. 환경적 도전 요인에 대한 새로운 물류 전략은 개별 기업 차원에서 수립되어야 한다. 그렇게 하기 위해서는 각 기업은 거꾸로 물류, 재활용 및 쓰레기 처리에 대하여 적절한 방안을 수립해야 하며, 재고 및 수송 사이의 트레이드 오프(trade-off)를 검토해야 한다. 거시적인 차원에서는 모달 시프트의 추진 , 화물의 공동 수배송 체제 정비와 빈차 운행의 억제, 수송 연료 품질 기준의 강화, 저공해성 에너지와 수송 수단 개발 등 환경 물류 체계를 구축하여야 한다.
Tree-Encoded Bitmaps (2020)

We propose a novel method to represent compressed bitmaps. Similarly to existing bitmap compression schemes, we exploit the compression potential of bitmaps populated with consecutive identical bits, i.e., 0-runs and 1-runs. But in contrast to prior work, our approach employs a binary tree structure to represent runs of various lengths. Leaf nodes in the upper tree levels thereby represent longer runs, and vice versa. The tree-based representation results in high compression ratios and enables efficient random access, which in turn allows for the fast intersection of bitmaps. Our experimental analysis with randomly generated bitmaps shows that our approach significantly improves over state-of-the-art compression techniques when bitmaps are dense and/or only barely clustered. Further, we evaluate our approach with real-world data sets, showing that our tree-encoded bitmaps can save up to one third of the space over existing techniques.
Improved field of view-reducing gradient insert: artifacts and application to cardiac imaging (1999)

An improved homogeneity-spoiling local gradient insert has been constructed and built into the patient bed to reduce its impact on bore size and setup time. It allows the field of view to be reduced without introducing aliasing artifacts. Image quality and artifacts were evaluated for pulse sequences relevant to cardiac imaging. The utility of the insert is demonstrated by a contrast-enhanced perfusion study, in which the reduced field of view allowed a 25% increase in resolution and one more slice to be imaged per heartbeat. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:209-215.
Amyloid polymorphisms constitute distinct clouds of conformational variants in different etiological subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

The molecular architecture of amyloids formed in vivo can be interrogated using luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs), a unique class of amyloid dyes. When bound to amyloid, LCOs yield fluorescence emission spectra that reflect the 3D structure of the protein aggregates. Given that synthetic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) has been shown to adopt distinct structural conformations with different biological activities, we asked whether Aβ can assume structurally and functionally distinct conformations within the brain. To this end, we analyzed the LCO-stained cores of β-amyloid plaques in postmortem tissue sections from frontal, temporal, and occipital neocortices in 40 cases of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) or sporadic (idiopathic) AD (sAD). The spectral attributes of LCO-bound plaques varied markedly in the brain, but the mean spectral properties of the amyloid cores were generally similar in all three cortical regions of individual patients. Remarkably, the LCO amyloid spectra differed significantly among some of the familial and sAD subtypes, and between typical patients with sAD and those with posterior cortical atrophy AD. Neither the amount of Aβ nor its protease resistance correlated with LCO spectral properties. LCO spectral amyloid phenotypes could be partially conveyed to Aβ plaques induced by experimental transmission in a mouse model. These findings indicate that polymorphic Aβ-amyloid deposits within the brain cluster as clouds of conformational variants in different AD cases. Heterogeneity in the molecular architecture of pathogenic Aβ among individuals and in etiologically distinct subtypes of AD justifies further studies to assess putative links between Aβ conformation and clinical phenotype.
Optimization and analysis of shape of coaxial electrode for microwave plasma in water (2010)

The effect of the shape of the electrode to generate 2.45 GHz microwave plasma in pure water is examined. Three variations of a common coaxial electrode are proposed, and compared according to the power required for plasma ignition and the position of plasma ignition in pure water at 6 kPa using a high-speed camera. These coaxial electrodes are calculated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method calculations. The superior shape of coaxial electrode is found to be one with a flat plane on the tip of the inner electrode and dielectric substance located below the tip of the outer electrode. The position of the plasma ignition is related to the shape of the coaxial electrode. By solving the heat-conduction equation of water around the coaxial electrode taking into account the absorption of the microwave energy, the position of the plasma ignition is found to be not where electric field is the largest, but rather where temperature is maximized.
Development of an instrument to measure thinking, learning, and creativity: a triangulation process. (1991)

The process of triangulation was used to develop an instrument to measure thinking, learning, and creativity in the nursing workplace. A TLC instrument consisting of five components was systematically developed as part of this study. In this descriptive correlative study, we investigated nurses' perceptions of their ability to think, learn, and be creative in their work life. The results of the investigation showed that TLC is significantly related to the perceived quality of work life of practicing registered professional nurses supporting Naisbett and Aburdene's (1985) idea that TLC is essential to attract and retain employees in the workplace.
The centromere-kinetochore complex: a repeat subunit model. (1991)

The three-dimensional structure of the kinetochore and the DNA/protein composition of the centromere-kinetochore region was investigated using two novel techniques, caffeine-induced detachment of unreplicated kinetochores and stretching of kinetochores by hypotonic and/or shear forces generated in a cytocentrifuge. Kinetochore detachment was confirmed by EM and immunostaining with CREST autoantibodies. Electron microscopic analyses of serial sections demonstrated that detached kinetochores represented fragments derived from whole kinetochores. This was especially evident for the seven large kinetochores in the male Indian muntjac that gave rise to 80-100 fragments upon detachment. The kinetochore fragments, all of which interacted with spindle microtubules and progressed through the entire repertoire of mitotic movements, provide evidence for a subunit organization within the kinetochore. Further support for a repeat subunit model was obtained by stretching or uncoiling the metaphase centromere-kinetochore complex by hypotonic treatments. When immunostained with CREST autoantibodies and subsequently processed for in situ hybridization using synthetic centromere probes, stretched kinetochores displayed a linear array of fluorescent subunits arranged in a repetitive pattern along a centromeric DNA fiber. In addition to CREST antigens, each repetitive subunit was found to bind tubulin and contain cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule motor localized in the zone of the corona. Collectively, the data suggest that the kinetochore, a plate-like structure seen by EM on many eukaryotic chromosomes is formed by the folding of a linear DNA fiber consisting of tandemly repeated subunits interspersed by DNA linkers. This model, unlike any previously proposed, can account for the structural and evolutional diversity of the kinetochore and its relationship to the centromere of eukaryotic chromosomes of many species.