gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. (1993)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of resected tumors from 90 patients were immunohistochemically studied to assess the prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. The individual tumors were classified into groups of high, moderate or low proliferative grade, and 38 (42.2%) patients had a high grade of proliferation. No statistically significant correlations were observed between PCNA grade and TNM status, pathological stage, resectability, histological type, degree of histological differentiation. Only vascular invasion significantly correlated with proliferative grade (p < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that patients with low proliferative grade tumors survived significantly longer (a 5-year survival rate of 83.3%) than those with high proliferative grade tumors (39.4%, p < 0.005). Cox's multivariate analysis revealed that PCNA grade was a significant prognostic determinant of survival. These results suggest that PCNA expression provides an independent prognostic variable for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and that it may be useful to consider this factor in treatment planning.
Element specific imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy combined with synchrotron radiation light (2006)

Microscopic surface images showing a distribution of a designated element was obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy combined with synchrotron radiation light. A tip current induced by photoirradiation is found to increase when the photon energy is just above the absorption edge of a sample element. From the photoinduced current measured during the tip scanning over the surface, element specific images were obtained. An estimated spatial resolution of the chemical imaging is less than 20nm, better than that achieved by photoemission electron microscopy.
Quality analysis for 3D video using 2D video quality models (2008)

The 3D (3-dimensional) video technologies are emerging to provide more immersive media content compared to conventional 2D (2-dimensional) video applications. More often 3D video quality is measured using rigorous and time-consuming subjective evaluation test campaigns. This is due to the fact that 3D video quality can be described as a combination of several perceptual attributes such as overall image quality, perceived depth, presence, naturalness and eye strain, etc. Hence this paper investigates the relationship between subjective quality measures and several objective quality measures like PSNR, SSIM, and VQM for 3D video content. The 3D video content captured using both stereo camera pair (two cameras for left and right views) and colour-and-depth special range cameras are considered in this study. The results show that, VQM quality measures of individual left and right views (rendered left and right views for colour-and-depth sequences) can be effectively used in predicting the overall image quality and statistical measures like PSNR and SSIM of left and right views illustrate good correlations with depth perception of 3D video.
Molecular dynamics simulations and drug discovery (2011)

This review discusses the many roles atomistic computer simulations of macromolecular (for example, protein) receptors and their associated small-molecule ligands can play in drug discovery, including the identification of cryptic or allosteric binding sites, the enhancement of traditional virtual-screening methodologies, and the direct prediction of small-molecule binding energies. The limitations of current simulation methodologies, including the high computational costs and approximations of molecular forces required, are also discussed. With constant improvements in both computer power and algorithm design, the future of computer-aided drug design is promising; molecular dynamics simulations are likely to play an increasingly important role.
A 380H × 488V CCD Imager with Narrow Channel Transfer Gates (1979)

When the channel width of an FET becomes of the same order of magnitude as the depth of the gate depletion region, an increase of threshold voltage is observed. This narrow-channel effect has been applied successfully in creating an asymmetric potential well under an electrode for two phase CCD operations. The feasibility of this new structure has been confirmed in a 242 element analog delay line and the application is now extended to a 380H × 488V CCD Imager. In the constructed B/W CCD camera.
MRD Monitoring of Childhood ALL Using Hierarchical Clustering and Support Vector Machine Learning of Complex Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometry Data. (2008)

Abstract Flow cytometry is an important tool both for research and diagnostics of hematologic malignancies - including monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD). Recent progress and more widespread availability of 6 and higher color flow cytometry leads to complex, information-rich datasets which are very challenging to analyze. Here, we validate a novel approach to multi-parameter flow data analysis in MRD flow data sets from 39 ALL patients (including 23 patients from the I-BFM list mode data (LMD) ring trial). The approach combines hierarchical clustering (HCA) using a newly developed algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) learning. The algorithm employs a scale-invariant Mahalanobis distance measurement for merging clusters. This reflects the extended ellipsoid shape of the populations and is better suited for flow cytometric data compared with standard HCA metrics. The resulting hierarchical tree, combined with the heatmap of the CD marker expression allows visualization of hierarchically clustered data of all analyzed parameters displayed in a single plot. The clusters from HCA (representing the ALL blast population at diagnosis) were used to train SVM classifiers which were then applied to test for presence of a matching population in the test sample (follow-up sample). All work was carried out in MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc.). Using HCA, we have been able to detect the leukemic blast population in diagnostic and follow-up datasets (n=81) from three centers. The correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.98) between HCA and the standard gating approach was highly comparable to inter-laboratory comparisons within the I-BFM LMD ring trial (Dworzak MN et al; Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2008 Jun 11.). To further improve sensitivity and exact quantification of low MRD levels and to automate MRD detection, we combined HCA with SVM learning. We have analyzed 21 samples from 5 patients with MRD levels between 0.004 to 57.54%. HCA plus SVM correlated better with standard gating results than HCA alone in particular in samples with low MRD levels (&lt;10−3). In summary, HCA in combination with SVM proved to be a strong analytical tool for flow cytometry with the potential for automated MRD detection. We validated this approach for use in ALL diagnostics and MRD monitoring by comparison with expert-based gating analyses of I-BFM LMD ring trial data.
Induction of Neonatal Tolerance to Oxidized Lipoprotein Reduces Atherosclerosis In ApoE Knockout Mice (2000)

This study demonstrates that the immune response against oxidized LDL has a deleterious role in atherogenesis and that a fine-tuning of this response could modify the course of the disease.
Security architecture and scheme of user‐centric ultra‐dense network (UUDN) (2017)

Abstract User‐centric ultra‐dense network (UUDN) is an inspiring approach of 5G, characterized by serving each user with dynamic access point group and designed to be independent of user's involvement. Contrast with traditional network‐centric cellular network, the UUDN architecture is based on the philosophy of network serving user. However, there is little systematic analysis of the security of UUDN, especially, the UUDN security architecture and key technologies challenges. After analysis of the main security challenges and requirements for the UUDN network architecture, we propose a new security architecture, details of its design, and the key security technologies for the UUDN security solutions and give performance evaluation for simulation. Finally, we discuss the future works in the fields of UUDN security.
PATRON AND CLIENT IN LATIN POETRY - (V.) Flores Militello Tali dignus amico. Die Darstellung des patronus-cliens-Verhältnisses bei Horaz, Martial und Juvenal. (Classica Monacensia 54.) Pp. xii + 353. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto, 2019. Paper, €88. ISBN: 978-3-8233-8296-6. (2021)

PATRON AND CLIENT IN LATIN POETRY - (V.) Flores Militello Tali dignus amico. Die Darstellung des patronus-cliens-Verhältnisses bei Horaz, Martial und Juvenal. (Classica Monacensia 54.) Pp. xii + 353. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto, 2019. Paper, €88. ISBN: 978-3-8233-8296-6. - Volume 71 Issue 2
Epigenetics of Autism-related Impairment (2015)

Our findings support a gene-environment interaction model of autism impairment, in that individuals with ASD-associated CNVs are more susceptible to the effects of maternal infection and febrile episodes in pregnancy on behavioral outcomes and suggest that these effects are specific to ASD rather than to global neurodevelopment.
Retinal mechanisms of visual adaptation in the skate. (1975)

Electrical potentials were recorded from different levels within the skate retina. Comparing the adaptive properties of the various responses revealed that the isolated receptor potential and the S-potential always exhibited similar changes in sensitivity, and that the b-wave and ganglion-cell thresholds acted in concert. However, the two sets of responses behaved differently under certain conditions. For example, a dimly iluminated background that had no measurable effect on the senitivities of either of the distal responses, raised significantly the thresholds of both the b-wave and the ganglion cell responses. In addition, the rate of recovery during the early, "neural" phase of dark adaptation was significantly faster for the receptor and S-potentials than for the b-wave or ganglion cell discharge. These results indicate that there is an adaptive ("network") mechanism in the retina which can influence significantly b-wave and gaglion cell activity and which behaves independently of the receptors and horizontal cells. We conclude that visual adaptation in the skate retina is regulated by a combination of receptoral and network mechanisms.
Selective Targeting of the TPX2 Site of Importin‐α Using Fragment‐Based Ligand Design (2015)

Protein-protein interactions are difficult therapeutic targets, and inhibiting pathologically relevant interactions without disrupting other essential ones presents an additional challenge. Herein we report how this might be achieved for the potential anticancer target, the TPX2-importin-α interaction. Importin-α is a nuclear transport protein that regulates the spindle assembly protein TPX2. It has two binding sites--major and minor-to which partners bind. Most nuclear transport cargoes use the major site, whereas TPX2 binds principally to the minor site. Fragment-based approaches were used to identify small molecules that bind importin-α, and crystallographic studies identified a lead series that was observed to bind specifically to the minor site, representing the first ligands specific for this site. Structure-guided synthesis informed the elaboration of these fragments to explore the source of ligand selectivity between the minor and major sites. These ligands are starting points for the development of inhibitors of this protein-protein interaction.
Population-Based Surveillance of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection in Manitoba, Canada, by Using Interim Surveillance Definitions (2009)

Although the majority of CDI cases were associated with exposure to a HCF, 40% of incident CDI began in the community. Populations with HCF- and community-associated CDI demonstrated significantly different age distributions. The wide variation of rates among HCFs requires explanation. The high percentage of incident cases in the community warrants increased study.
Efficient Delivery of T Cell Epitopes to APC by Use of MHC Class II-Specific Troybodies (2002)

A major objective in vaccine development is the design of reagents that give strong, specific T cell responses. We have constructed a series of rAb with specificity for MHC class II (I-E). Each has one of four different class II-restricted T cell epitopes genetically introduced into the first C domain of the H chain. These four epitopes are: 91-101 lambda2(315), which is presented by I-E(d); 110-120 hemagglutinin (I-E(d)); 323-339 OVA (I-A(d)); and 46-61 hen egg lysozyme (I-A(k)). We denote such APC-specific, epitope-containing Ab "Troybodies." When mixed with APC, all four class II-specific Troybodies were approximately 1,000 times more efficient at inducing specific T cell activation in vitro compared with nontargeting peptide Ab. Furthermore, they were 1,000-10,000 times more efficient than synthetic peptide or native protein. Conventional intracellular processing of the Troybodies was required to load the epitopes onto MHC class II. Different types of professional APC, such as purified B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, were equally efficient at processing and presenting the Troybodies. In vivo, class II-specific Troybodies were at least 100 times more efficient at targeting APC and activating TCR-transgenic T cells than were the nontargeting peptide Ab. Furthermore, they were 100-100,000 times more efficient than synthetic peptide or native protein. The study shows that class II-specific Troybodies can deliver a variety of T cell epitopes to professional APC for efficient presentation, in vitro as well as in vivo. Thus, Troybodies may be useful as tools in vaccine development.
Optimum PWM pattern for a three-phase boost DCM PFC rectifier (2002)

A lot of effort has been devoted to improving the input current THD of a three-phase single-switch boost discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) power factor correcting (PFC) rectifier. However, there is no explicit answer to the question of what the optimum solution is. In this paper, a new optimization rule is proposed by using space vector analysis. Instead of being based on a cumbersome mathematical derivation, the proposed method relies on a good insight to the optimization problem. It is interesting to observe that at each time instant, by varying the duty cycle, only current vector length can be changed, while the current vector angle is solely dictated by the voltage transfer ratio. The current vector angle error sets the upper limits to the optimization. The resultant optimum PWM pattern shows improved input current THD over both constant-duty-cycle control and the 6th-harmonic-injected PWM, although the latter is very close to the optimum solution.
Gene therapy of liver diseases (2004)

Many liver diseases lack satisfactory treatment and alternative therapeutic options are urgently needed. Gene therapy is a new mode of treatment for both inherited and acquired diseases, based on the transfer of genetic material to the tissues. Genes are incorporated into appropriate vectors in order to facilitate their entrance and function inside the target cells. Gene therapy vectors can be constructed on the basis of viral or non-viral molecular structures. Viral vectors are frequently used, due to their higher transduction efficiency. Both the type of vector and the expression cassette determine the duration, specificity and inducibility of gene expression. A considerable number of preclinical studies indicate that a great variety of liver diseases, including inherited metabolic defects, chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary and metastatic liver cancer, are amenable to gene therapy. Gene transfer to the liver can also be used to convert this organ into a factory of secreted proteins needed to treat conditions that do not affect the liver itself. Clinical trials of gene therapy for the treatment of inherited diseases and liver cancer have been initiated but human gene therapy is still in its infancy. Recent progress in vector technology and imaging techniques, allowing in vivo assessment of gene expression, will facilitate the development of clinical applications of gene therapy.
RNN language model with word clustering and class-based output layer (2013)

The recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM) has shown significant promise for statistical language modeling. In this work, a new class-based output layer method is introduced to further improve the RNNLM. In this method, word class information is incorporated into the output layer by utilizing the Brown clustering algorithm to estimate a class-based language model. Experimental results show that the new output layer with word clustering not only improves the convergence obviously but also reduces the perplexity and word error rate in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition.
Intermittent Inhaled Corticosteroids in Infants with Episodic Wheezing (2006)

Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy had no effect on the progression from episodic to persistent wheezing and no short-term benefit during episodes of wheezing in the first three years of life. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00234390.).
Patterned Electrode-Based Amperometric Gas Sensor for Direct Nitric Oxide Detection within Microfluidic Devices (2010)

This article describes a thin amperometric nitric oxide (NO) sensor that can be microchannel embedded to enable direct real-time detection of NO produced by cells cultured within the microdevice. A key for achieving the thin ( approximately 1 mm) planar sensor configuration required for sensor-channel integration is the use of gold/indium-tin oxide patterned electrode directly on a porous polymer membrane (pAu/ITO) as the base working electrode. The electrochemically deposited Au-hexacyanoferrate layer on pAu/ITO is used to catalyze NO oxidation to nitrite at lower applied potentials (0.65-0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl) and stabilize current output. Furthermore, use of a gas-permeable membrane to separate internal sensor compartments from the sample phase imparts excellent NO selectivity over common interfering agents (e.g., nitrite, ascorbate, ammonia, etc.) present in culture media and biological fluids. The optimized sensor design reversibly detects NO down to the approximately 1 nM level in stirred buffer and <10 nM in flowing buffer when integrated within a polymeric microfluidic device. We demonstrate utility of the channel-embedded sensor by monitoring NO generation from macrophages cultured within non-gas-permeable microchannels, as they are stimulated with endotoxin.
Explaining outputs in modern data analytics (2016)

We report on the design and implementation of a general framework for interactively explaining the outputs of modern data-parallel computations, including iterative data analytics. To produce explanations, existing works adopt a naive backward tracing approach which runs into known issues; naive backward tracing may identify: (i) too much information that is difficult to process, and (ii) not enough information to reproduce the output, which hinders the logical debugging of the program. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we provide methods to effectively reduce the size of explanations based on the first occurrence of a record in an iterative computation. Second, we provide a general method for identifying explanations that are sufficient to reproduce the target output in arbitrary computations -- a problem for which no viable solution existed until now. We implement our approach on differential dataflow , a modern high-throughput, low-latency dataflow platform. We add a small (but extensible) set of rules to explain each of its data-parallel operators, and we implement these rules as differential dataflow operators themselves. This choice allows our implementation to inherit the performance characteristics of differential dataflow, and results in a system that efficiently computes and updates explanatory inputs even as the inputs of the reference computation change. We evaluate our system with various analytic tasks on real datasets, and we show that it produces concise explanations in tens of milliseconds, while remaining faster -- up to two orders of magnitude -- than even the best implementations that do not support explanations.
Editors Report on the Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease (2009)

Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 13(3):p 129-130, July 2009. | DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181aa2d50
3D electrode localization on wireless sensor networks for wearable BCI (2008)

This paper presents a solution for electrode localization on wearable BCI radio-enabled electrodes. Electrode positioning is a common issue in any electrical physiological recording. Although wireless node localization is a very active research topic, a precise method with few centimeters of range and a resolution in the order of millimeters is still to be found, since far-field measurements are very prone to error. The calculation of 3D coordinates for each electrode is based on anchorless range-based localization algorithms such as Multidimensional Scaling and Self-Positioning Algorithm. The implemented solution relies on the association of a small antenna to measure the magnetic field and a microcontroller to each electrode, which will be part of the wireless sensor network module. The implemented solution is suitable for EEG applications, namely the wearable BCI, with expected range of 20 cm and resolution of 5 mm.
A Comparison of Steady and Pulsatile Flow in Symmetrically Branched Tubes (1982)

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of flow in the region of symmetrical bifurcations having branch-to-trunk area ratios of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 during steady and pulsatile flow. Flow was visualized with neutrally bouyant particles. Secondary flow was not observed in the branches during either steady or pulsatile flow when the branch-to-trunk area ratio was 0.4. Secondary velocity patterns were not observed in the branches with branch-to-trunk area ratios of 0.8 and 1.2 during pulsatile flow, although they were observed during steady flow. It may be inaccurate, therefore, to characterize pulsatile flow at an instantaneous Reynolds number on the basis of steady flow at the same Reynolds number.
Unusual Late Neurological Sequelae in Galactosaemia (1973)

SUMMARY Unusual neurological findings are reported in a patient whose galactosaemia had been treated early and adequately. Progressive cerebellar and extrapyrimidal disturbance occurred, but the more common ocular, hepatic and renal involvement did not. Amantadine and propranolol were helpful, but only to a limited degree. RÉSUMÉ Séquelles neurologiques tardives inhabituelles dans un cas de galactosémie Des manifestations neuro‐tardives ont été observées chez un sujet dont la galactosémie avait été traitée précocément et correctement. Des troubles progressifs, cerebelleux et extrapyramidaux se manifestérent, mais sans les traductions habituelles oculaires, hépatiques et renalés. L'amantadine et la propranolol se montrèrent efficaces mais à un degré limité. ZUSAMMENFASSUN Ungewöhnlich späte neurologische Folgeerscheinungen bei Galaktosämie (Darstellung eines Falles) Es wird über ungewöhnliche neurologische Befunde bei einem Patienten mit Galaktosémie berichtet, der frühzeitig und ausreichend behandelt worden war. Während fortschreitende cerebelläre und extrapyramidale Störungen in Erscheinung traten, wurden die bekannten Beteiligungen der Augen, Leber und Nieren nicht beobachtet. Amantadin und Propranolol waren therapeutisch begrenzt wirksam. RESUMEN Secuelas neurológicas tardias no usuales en la galactosemia (aportacíon de un caso) Se aportan hallazgos neurológicos no usuales en un paciente cuya galactosemia había sido tratada precoz y adecuadamente. Apareció una alteración progresiva cerebelosa y extrapiramidal, pero las alteraciones más corrientes oculares, hepáticas y renales no aparecieron. La amantadine y el propanolol fueron eficaces pero sólo hasta un cierto grado.