gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-view time-domain non-contact diffuse optical tomography scanner with dual wavelength detection for intrinsic and fluorescence small animal imaging (2012)

We present a non-contact diffuse optical tomography (DOT) scanner with multi-view detection (over 360°) for localizing fluorescent markers in scattering and absorbing media, in particular small animals. It relies on time-domain detection after short pulse laser excitation. Ultrafast time-correlated single photon counting and photomultiplier tubes are used for time-domain measurements. For light collection, seven free-space optics non-contact dual wavelength detection channels comprising 14 detectors overall are placed around the subject, allowing the measurement of time point-spread functions at both excitation and fluorescence wavelengths. The scanner is endowed with a stereo camera pair for measuring the outer shape of the subject in 3D. Surface and DOT measurements are acquired simultaneously with the same laser beam. The hardware and software architecture of the scanner are discussed. Phantoms are used to validate the instrument. Results on the localization of fluorescent point-like inclusions immersed in a scattering and absorbing object are presented. The localization algorithm relies on distance ranging based on the measurement of early photons arrival times at different positions around the subject. This requires exquisite timing accuracy from the scanner. Further exploiting this capability, we show results on the effect of a scattering hetereogenity on the arrival time of early photons. These results demonstrate that our scanner provides all that is necessary for reconstructing images of small animals using full tomographic reconstruction algorithms, which will be the next step. Through its free-space optics design and the short pulse laser used, our scanner shows unprecedented timing resolution compared to other multi-view time-domain scanners.
A facile synthesis of monodispersed hierarchical layered double hydroxide on silica spheres for efficient removal of pharmaceuticals from water (2013)

Monodispersed layered double hydroxide (LDH) spheres with a hierarchical structure have been synthesized via a facile ultrasound-assisted method. The as-obtained 3D LDH spheres present excellent and durable performance for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solutions.
Limited Genetic Diversity in the Endophytic Sugarcane Bacterium <i>Acetobacter diazotrophicus</i> (1994)

Acetobacter diazotrophicus isolates that originated from different sugarcane cultivars growing in diverse geographic regions of Mexico and Brazil were shown to have limited genetic diversity. Measurements of polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobilities of metabolic enzymes revealed that the mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus (among the four electrophoretic types distinguished) was 0.064. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the genetic structure of A. diazotrophicus is clonal, with one largely predominant clone. Plasmids were present in 20 of 24 isolates, and the molecular sizes of the plasmids ranged from 2.0 to 170 kb. Two plasmids (a 20- to 24-kb plasmid detected in all 20 plasmid-containing isolates and a 170-kb plasmid observed in 14 isolates) were highly conserved among the isolates examined. Regardless of the presence of plasmids, all of the isolates shared a common pattern of nif structural gene organization on the chromosome.
Natural language processing in “Bullet Screen” application (2017)

The main purpose of nature language processing is to process, understand, and apply all kinds of human beings' languages in written or oral forms. In recent years, “Bullet Screen”, which allows viewers to post bullet-like, real-time comments on screen during their watching films, is an emerging craze in online video sites, especially in China and Japan, mainly popular among young people for their social interactivities. Meanwhile, since “Bullet Screen” can be regarded as a novel type of natural language, processing, restoring, and organizing them play an important role in providing retrieval platforms for users so as to help them find out highlights from oceans of videos. Taking Bilibili, a Chinese video website, as example, this paper comes up with a new algorithm called Integrated Sort for “Bullet Screen” (ISB) base on BM25 in order to put “Bullet Screen” processing into practice. Empirical study shows that ISB based on BM25 can anatomize “Bullet Screen” language and mine more details about audio as well as video information. Besides, an interactive platform about “Bullet Screen” could enormously refine viewers' lives of entertainments.
Effects of Hypertension and of Antihypertensive Therapy on Atherosclerosis State of the Art Lecture (1986)

SUMMARYThis state of the art paper summarizes our recent stud ies on the influence of experimental hypertension on the arterial intima of deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertensive rats and 1-kidney, 1 clip hypertensive rabbits. It compares the findings with those previously reported on atherogenesis in
[A case of rubella encephalitis: rubella virus genome was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction]. (1995)

We studied a 2-year-old boy who had been diagnosed as having rubella encephalitis by detection of rubella virus genome in his cerebrospinal fluid with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was considered to be very useful not only to make an early diagnosis of rubella encephalitis but also to be applied generally to that of various viral encephalitis.
Di(p-chlorophenyl)trichloromethylcarbinol and Related Compounds (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDi(p-chlorophenyl)trichloromethylcarbinol and Related CompoundsERNST D. BERGMANN and A. KALUSZYNERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 9, 1306–1308Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01103a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01103a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence Capture and Next-Generation Resequencing of Multiple Tagged Nucleic Acid Samples for Mutation Screening of Urea Cycle Disorders (2010)

The use of DNA bar codes and the use of sectored oligonucleotide arrays for target enrichment enable parallel, large-scale analysis of complete genomic regions for multiple genes of a disease pathway and for multiple samples simultaneously. This approach thus may provide an efficient tool for comprehensive diagnostic screening of mutations.
Effect of immunization of bacterial adherence to urothelium. (1978)

In order for a urinary tract infection to begin, the pathogenic bacteria must first adhere to the urothelial surface. An in vivo method for quantitation of bacterial adherence to urothelium has been developed. Immunization by instillation of bacterial antigens into the rat bladder decreased bacterial adherence. Bladder immunization was more effective than subcutaneous immunization. Preinfection by Escherichia coli decreased subsequent adherence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Increasing antiadherence factors may offer a new approach to the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 is associated with disease-specific effects on brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (2009)

Apolipoprotein epsilon4 (apoE4) has been strongly linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to several other neurological disorders. We investigated the influence of epsilon4 allele carrier status on the pattern of gray matter atrophy and disease severity in 51 patients with probable AD and 31 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), compared with 56 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry was performed by using statistical parametric mapping. The epsilon4 allele frequency was higher in the AD group (P < 0.001) than the controls but not in the bvFTD group. No differences in demographic or cognitive profiles were observed between epsilon4 allele carriers and noncarriers within any of the diagnostic groups. However, epsilon4 carrier status was associated with more severe brain atrophy in disease-specific regions compared with noncarriers in both AD and bvFTD. AD epsilon4 carriers showed greater atrophy in the bilateral parietal cortex and right hippocampus, and bvFTD epsilon4 carriers demonstrated greater atrophy in the bilateral medial, dorsolateral, and orbital frontal cortex, anterior insula, and cingulate cortex with right predominance. This regional epsilon4 effect is consistent with the hypothesis that apoE may affect the morphologic expression uniquely in different neurodegenerative diseases. The atrophy patterns in epsilon4 carriers may indicate that they are at greater risk for clinical progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Michael Addition: Methyl Vinyl Ketone Addition Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract Addition of methyl vinyl ketone (V) to the indanone (III) in the presence of the cinchoninium salt (I) yields the enantiomer S‐(IV).
P(<i>i</i>-BuNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N:  An Effective Ligand in the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides and Iodides (2002)

It is shown that the bicyclic triaminophosphine P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N serves as an effective ligand for the palladium-catalyzed amination of a wide array of aryl bromides and iodides. Other bicyclic or acyclic triaminophosphines, even those of similar basicity and/or bulk, were inferior.
Monoclonal antibodies to human terminal transferase. (1984)

Human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase was used to produce mouse monoclonal antibodies. Three different assays were used to screen for terminal transferase antibodies and antibody-producing hybridoma cells: an enzyme binding assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a "terminal transferase-specific antibody" cytochemical procedure that allows visualization of the homogeneity of the hybridoma clones producing antibodies to terminal transferase. Of the 12 mouse hybridoma clones isolated, seven produce IgG1 and five produce IgG2a immunoglobulins. Only one of these monoclonal antibodies is inhibitory to human terminal transferase activity. Four of the monoclonal antibodies react with terminal transferase peptides after separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while the remainder appear to recognize only native determinants on the human enzyme. Cross-reactivity studies with purified calf thymus enzyme show that although four of the monoclonal antibodies bind to native enzyme, none react with calf thymus terminal transferase peptides after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting structural differences within the cross-reactive determinants. A more general survey on the affinity of these monoclonal antibodies to human terminal transferase for the enzyme from other species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrates that none of the monoclonal antibodies reacts with chicken thymus terminal transferase. The affinity of binding for terminal transferase from other mammals to this panel of monoclonal antibodies varies with the clones as expected, but few bind as strongly as the human enzyme. These results suggest that although antigenic determinants are conserved through evolution, fine structural changes within the determinants do occur.
Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Translocation, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection (2014)

Patients who have chronic HIV infection and are receiving suppressive ART display intestinal dysbiosis associated with increased microbial translocation and significant associations between specific taxa and markers of microbial translocation and systemic inflammation. This was an exploratory study, the findings of which need to be confirmed.
WHAMR!: Noisy and Reverberant Single-Channel Speech Separation (2020)

While significant advances have been made with respect to the separation of overlapping speech signals, studies have been largely constrained to mixtures of clean, near anechoic speech, not representative of many real-world scenarios. Although the WHAM! dataset introduced noise to the ubiquitous wsj0-2mix dataset, it did not include reverberation, which is generally present in indoor recordings outside of recording studios. The spectral smearing caused by reverberation can result in significant performance degradation for standard deep learning-based speech separation systems, which rely on spectral structure and the sparsity of speech signals to tease apart sources. To address this, we introduce WHAMR!, an augmented version of WHAM! with synthetic reverberated sources, and provide a thorough baseline analysis of current techniques as well as novel cascaded architectures on the newly introduced conditions.
Supramolecular order of stilbenoid dendrons: importance of weak interactions (2005)

Stilbenoid dendrons with various donor and acceptor groups on the focal unit were synthesised by a Wittig–Horner reaction, starting from an aldehyde functionalised dendron and various substituted phosphonic acid esters. The target molecules are composed of meta-branched arms, two of them with extended conjugation (distyrylbenzene) and three flexible dodecyloxy chains; the focal group consists of a donor or acceptor substituted styryl unit. The cross-conjugation of the arms prevents the strong electronic influence of substituents on the two extended oligophenylenevinylene chromophores. However, intermolecular interactions mediated by the focal unit allow control of the supramolecular stacking into liquid crystal phases. Simple weak acceptors stabilise the formation of columnar phases, whereas the additional propensity to build hydrogen bonds leads to a cubic mesophase. All acceptor substituted materials freeze at low temperature into a glassy state. Soft crystals are then formed upon heating the glassy material. Stilbenoid dendrons are photosensitive and degradation of the supramolecular order proceeds even in the glassy liquid crystal state.
A Very Compact Hardware Implementation of the KASUMI Block Cipher (2010)

For mobile devices, this paper proposes a compact hardware (H/W) implementation for the KASUMI block cipher, which is the 3GPP standard encryption algorithm. In [4], Yamamoto et al. proposed the method of reducing temporary registers for the MISTY1 FO function (YYI-08), and implemented a very compact MISTY1 H/W. This paper aims to design the smallest KASUMI H/W by the application of YYI-08 to KASUMI, which has a similarly structured MISTY1 FO function. We discussed the applicability and found the problems on register competition and logical equivalence in the simple application, so we propose the new YYI-08 improved for KASUMI and the compact H/W architecture. According to our logic synthesis on a 0.11-μm ASIC process, the gate size is 2.99 Kgates, which is the smallest as far as we know.
The RB Language (1988)

Typical algorithms for distributed or parallel computations are cooperative, meaning that the sequential component is broken down into cooperating pieces, which are distributed across available hardware. An approach which has recently gained some attention is competitive processing, where several versions of a sequential program are distributed across available processors to gain performance from algorithmic diversity. There is also potential for fault tolerance from available hardware by executing the sequential versions, called alternatives, on a distributed configuration. Schemes for implementing competitive concurrent processing have been described in the literature, but there is little implementation experience. RB is a practical step towards gaining such experience. RB is a programming language for specifying alternative methods of performing a computation, where at most one of the results of the alternatives is used. Our prototype implementation uses a combination of a language preprocessor for C and a runtime library to provide the desired semantics. Using other base programming languages, e.g., Ada, or other methods of managing alternatives is straightforward.
Chemical composition of palmyrah (<i>Borassus flabellifer</i>) seed shoots – odiyal (1994)

The nutritional composition of palmryah seed shoots (Borassus flabellifer) which is widely consumed in Sri Lanka was studied. It appears to be a good source of carbohydrate and fibre but is limited in both fat and protein. Its micronutrient composition shows it to be a valuable source of calcium, magnesium and iron. Further research is needed to exploit its full potential and the likely toxicants that may influence its extensive consumption.
Vehicle Position Estimation Based on Magnetic Markers: Enhanced Accuracy by Compensation of Time Delays (2015)

The real-time recognition of absolute (or relative) position and orientation on a network of roads is a core technology for fully automated or driving-assisted vehicles. This paper presents an empirical investigation of the design, implementation, and evaluation of a self-positioning system based on a magnetic marker reference sensing method for an autonomous vehicle. Specifically, the estimation accuracy of the magnetic sensing ruler (MSR) in the up-to-date estimation of the actual position was successfully enhanced by compensating for time delays in signal processing when detecting the vertical magnetic field (VMF) in an array of signals. In this study, the signal processing scheme was developed to minimize the effects of the distortion of measured signals when estimating the relative positional information based on magnetic signals obtained using the MSR. In other words, the center point in a 2D magnetic field contour plot corresponding to the actual position of magnetic markers was estimated by tracking the errors between pre-defined reference models and measured magnetic signals. The algorithm proposed in this study was validated by experimental measurements using a test vehicle on a pilot network of roads. From the results, the positioning error was found to be less than 0.04 m on average in an operational test.
Inertial sensors aided image alignment and stitching for panorama on mobile phones (2011)

In this paper, we propose using signals collected from inertial sensors on cameras to speed up image alignment for panorama construction. Inertial sensors including accelerometers and gyroscopes are first calibrated to improve sensing accuracy. These sensors are then used to estimate the position and orientation of each captured image frame. By knowing the relative displacement of image frames, alignment can be performed with good accuracy and computational efficiency. Through examples we illustrate the effectiveness of inertial-sensor assisted panorama.
Studies on Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis. XI (1959)

Some of 2-alkoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-alkylaminosalicylic acid, and 2-alkoxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid (alkyl=methyl, butyl, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl) were prepared and their bacteriostatic action against tubercle bacilli (human type) was tested in Kirchner medium. In these three compound series, it was found, as in other alkyl compounds already reported, that antibacterial activity increased with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl, reached the maximum at around C12, and decreased again over that number. The dodecyl derivatives of not only PAS but also of 4-nitrosalicylic acid, which by itself showed no remarkable activity, were as strongly antituberculous as PAS. This fact seems to suggest that, in some cases, even non-active compound may aquire strong antitubercular activity by introduction of alkyl group into it. The order of activity was: 4-alkylaminosalicylic acid>2-alkoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid>2-alkoxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid.
Laser photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopies as novel characterization methods for microparticles (1993)

Abstract Photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy methods can be effectively applied to the characterization of single microparticles. As the optical beam deflection method, in which a thermal wave generated by non‐radiative transition is detected by deflection of a probe beam, is sensitive for a single microparticle, and is a remote‐measurement method without using a cell, it is suitable for nondestructive characterization of microparticles. This method was applied to determination of chemical species adsorbed on a single microparticle, and spectral differences between leukemia and normal white blood corpuscles could be obtained. A more violent photothermal conversion phenomenon of a particle, laser breakdown and accompanying plasma and acoustic emission, was applied to individual detection and analysis of ultrafine particles in liquids. Laser‐like nonlinear emission from the plasma was observed.
A Taxonomy of Software Component Models (2005)

CBSE currently lacks a universally accepted terminology. Existing component models adopt different component definitions and composition operators. We believe that for future research it would be crucial to clarify and unify the CBSE terminology, and that the starting point for this endeavour should be a study of current component models. In this paper, we take this first step and present and discuss a taxonomy of these models. The purpose of this taxonomy is to identify the similarities and differences between them with respect to commonly accepted criteria, with a view to clarification and/or potential unification.
<title>Near-room-temperature performance of an SWIR InGaAs/Si hybrid 96 element x 25 TDI high-performance FPA</title> (1996)

Performance of a SWIR FPA targeting LANDSAT S/N levels in the near room temperature (> 220 K) is presented. The FPA consists of a 96 X 25 element InGaAs array with 48 (mu) X 48 (mu) photo-voltaic pixels bump-bonded to a Si multiplexer. Cutoff wavelength of an array is tailored from 1.68 (mu) to 2.4 (mu) . The longer cutoff is required for Band 7. The multiplexer design incorporates a CMOS CCD process and is a 96 channel X 25 TDI scanning array with pixel pitch of 48 (mu) cross track by 96 (mu) intrack. Each unit cell uses a Capacitive Trans-Impedance Amplifier) with Correlated Double Sampling. Other notable chip features include electrically selectable TDI modes (0, 1, 8, 16, and 25), forward and reverse scan, and 1 X 1 and 2 X 2 aggregation modes. Timing and biases are self generated by the multiplexer.