gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasticization of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlasticization of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)Giuseppina Ceccorulli, Maria Pizzoli, and Mariastella ScandolaCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 12, 3304–3306Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00038a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00038a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[A study of commonly used substitutes for Chinese drug cortex Eucommiae(Duzhong)]. (1989)

We have found that 48 species belonging to 10 families and 17 genera are being used as ethnic substitutes for Cortex Eucommiae (Duzhong). A key to all the species has been made to identify them and to distinguish them from Eucommia ulmoides.
Self-assembly of synthetic phytochrome holoprotein <i>in vitro</i> (1989)

The phytochrome holoprotein of plants requires a covalently bound linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) prosthetic group for its photoreceptor function. Here we show that synthetic phytochrome apoprotein prepared by transcription and translation of an Avena phytochrome cDNA construct combines in vitro with phycocyanobilin, an analog of the natural chromophore, to produce a photoactive holoprotein. These results indicate that holoprotein assembly is an "autocatalytic" process.
Half-metallicity and Gilbert damping constant in Co2FexMn1−xSi Heusler alloys depending on the film composition (2009)

Transport properties in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with Co2FexMn1−xSi (CFMS, x=0–1.0)/Al–O/Co75Fe25 structure and Gilbert damping constant in the epitaxial CFMS films were investigated. The tunnel magnetoresistance ratio is as high as 75% in MTJs with x=0.6 at room temperature. The Gilbert damping constant is minimal at x=0.4. Relations between half-metallicity and the Gilbert damping constant in CFMS films were examined, revealing that the damping constant is small in half-metallic CFMS films.
Development of Electronic Tubes (1945)

The main types of modern electronic tubes are briefly surveyed in this paper, together with their general uses. Tubes are classified according to electronic mechanism, and their origin is traced to three independent sources and several independent lines of development. The earliest group of electron-beam tubes made its appearance as the most direct result of intense scientific study of gas-discharge tubes prompted by William Crookes. These are: the Lenard tube (1894), the X-ray tube (Roentgen, 1895), and the cathode-ray tube (Braun, 1897). Another direct descendent of the Crookes tube is the mercury-arc rectifier (Cooper Hewitt, 1902) with all its modem derivatives, thyratron, phanotron, ignitron, and excitron. These are industrial tubes par excellence and have become quite indispensable in many branches of industry. Their importance grows rapidly. High-vacuum tubes, rectifiers, and pliotrons, through de Forest's audion (1908) and Fleming's valve (1904) are connected with the Edison effect observed in incandescent lamps (1884). This vast family includes kenotrons, and all radio and industrial high-frequency tubes. Ultra-high-frequency tubes stand apart in this class, since in their designing electron transit time and associated ultra-high-frequency circuits are two important factors to be considered. Special triodes (or tetrodes), magnetrons and velocity-modulation tubes are the main ultra-high-frequency types. Finally, independent of all previous groups stands the phototube, unspectacular, but one of the most important tools in modern industry. Its development is rooted in the photoelectric phenomenon observed by Hertz and scientifically studied by Hollwachs (1888), by Elster and Geitel (1912), and others.
International Travel and AIDS : A Survey of Knowledge , Attitudes , Beliefs and Behaviours about AIDS among Tourists Travelling to Thailand (1997)

From March 1994 to April 1995, 290 tourists travelling to Thailand were surveyed to measure their knowledge, attitudes , beliefs and practices (KABP) about AIDS . The results indicated that travellers surveyed had a good knowledge about practical self—protection of AIDS. although they were less aware of AIDS knowledge concerning general clinical properties . Some travellers were found to be misinformed about routes of transimission, high—risk factors and precautionary measures about AIDS. In all, 18.6% did not know that contact with blood can transmit HIV, 10. 5% did not know that intravenous drug users are at risk for high rates of HIV infection, 73.3% believed that the person infected with HIV must have symptoms, and 30. 2% did not believe that condoms are effective in preventing HIV transimission . With respect to beliefs and attitudes, 18.3% preferred the idea of maltiple sexual partners, 62.5% of travellers who had a sexual experience thought that condoms reduce sexual pleasure. 15 travellers (5.2%) reported having multiple sexual partners. Of the travellers , 87.2% believed that they could change their behaviours in order to reduce the chances of getting AIDS , and 38.4% reported having changed their behaviours after getting information about AIDS . There was marked variability in knowledge about AIDS among travellers. The correct rates of knowledge about AIDS increased in response to the age and education level (P<0.05). The travellers who preferred and reported having multiple sexual partners respectively had less knowledge about AIDS than the other travellers (P<0.01) . A positive association was found between belief and behaviour about multiple sexual partners (P<0.01) . The travellers who believed that condoms are effectively in preventing HIV transmission were more likely than the other travellers to report often using condoms (P<0.01). Health authority should systematically educate the travellers about AIDS , theach them to avoid the behaviour of multiple sexual partners and to use
Human breast epithelial stem cells and their regulation (2005)

This review summarizes the current evidence for the existence of human breast stem cells and the pathways involved in their regulation, and discusses how the disruption of these pathways may result in the generation of a population of cells with the capacity for unlimited self-renewal. Relevant data from mouse model systems are also discussed where appropriate. By understanding the molecular pathways that regulate self-renewal of normal mammary stem cells, it may be possible to target the activation of these pathways in breast tumours.
Computer-Assisted Inverse Design of Inorganic Electrides (2017)

Electrides are electron-rich compounds with a range of potential applications as catalysts and reducing agents. A new computer-assisted design methodology has been developed which can efficiently identify potential inorganic electrides and has found 89 new candidates.
Multi-agent Systems for HL7 Interoperability Services (2012)

Information systems in healthcare are complex abstract systems. Systems communicate in a consolidated manner. Several methodologies exist presently to implement interoperable information systems in healthcare. It results in several common communication architectures and mainstream standards such as Health Level 7. However several concerns regarding distribution, fault tolerance, standards, communication flavoring and tightly bound systems still exist broadly throughout the healthcare arena. The multi-agent paradigm has been an interesting research opportunity for addressing many of such limitation in interoperability. It allows orientating agents towards adaptable but standardized information flow enabling interoperability in a loosely coupled manner. This paper proposes and explains a multi-agent based architecture, which uses the HL7 standard as a means towards the implementation of interoperability in healthcare environment. It follows the concept of distributed consolidation of information, aiming heterogeneous systems to communicate towards their mutual benefit however through middleware agents which validate and consolidate information.
Monolithic transistors SPST switch for L band (2003)

A comparison of SPST (single pole single throw) Switch topologies is presented. A 3 MESFET's monolithic GaAs switch was designed, for 2 GHz operation, fabricated and tested in 3 different bias conditions. It is shown that a floating configuration presents on-state lower insertion losses (/spl sim/1.7 dB). However, the off-state isolation has the same order of magnitude in all three bias conditions (typically 50 dB). Finally, several resonant topologies were studied and a new topology is proposed to increase the off-state isolation without degrading the on-state insertion losses. The advantages and drawbacks of resonant topologies over non-resonant configurations are also discussed taking into account technology constraints and operation frequency.
Dithered probabilistic shaping (2012)

Shaping is a practical method to approximate the optimal Gaussian input distribution for a power-constrained AWGN channel. The Shaping Gain is the reduction in average constellation energy, compared to a uniform (equi-probable) cubical constellation. The maximal Shaping Gain at high SNR is 1.53dB, which can be achieved by a constellation shape of a high dimensional ball with a uniform distribution. By freeing ourselves from the idea of equally probable symbols, we can reach the full shaping gain even with a one dimensional constellation. This idea has been studied before within the high SNR regime. We study and improve the system performance for medium SNRs (rates of 1-3 bit/1D) by inserting dither, and using MAP decoding to take into account the unequal probabilities. We also incorporate coding, and compare the system to regular coded uniform QAM signaling. The results show improvements of up to 0.6dB with respect to older works, and a total shaping gain of about 1dB.
Haptic display in the virtual collaborative workspace shared by multiple users (2002)

This paper describes a method of haptic display in the virtual world shared by multiple remote users connected via network. Up to now, most investigations of haptic display are devoted to those related to single user or if multiple users exist even share the resources including computers which has no difference from the case of single user. In this paper, we are interested in the display of force feel in collaborative virtual workspace where multiple users participate via communication network. Excluding the possibility of large time delay among the users, the way of configuring individual haptic display systems is presented including the computation of interaction forces, joint driving forces of haptic devices and simulation of the virtual objects. A haptic display system is developed consisting of two haptic display devices operated by two remote users, and experimental results showing the validity of the proposed method are also presented.
루이 14세 시대의 궁정발레의 본질적 특징에 대한 연구 (2004)

This thesis is concerned about the essential qualities of France Court Ballet in the era of Louis XIV that is the early form of Ballet art.
Fist of all, Louis XIV took advantage of Court Ballet for his political purposes, in that it presented a kind of symbol for king`s political power and dignity.
Secondly, upper class who was the king and the nobility participated in and enjoyed Court Ballet as their social intercourse.
Thirdly, France Court Ballet was the compound arts form which included poetry, libretto, music, songs, elaborate decorations, extravagant costumes, Stage setting, choreography and dancing.
Forth, some dance masters completed the basic forms of Baller techniques, such as turn-out feet, five positions of feet, twelve positions of arms, and so on.
Lastly, many specialists, such a dancing masters and dancers, believed that Ballet is an original or unique arts, so that it could be increasingly developed. For their request, Louis XIV permitted the establishment of `Academie Royale de danse` and `Academie Royale de musique` in Paris.
As a result, five essential qualities above make firm Court Ballet in the era of Louis XIV as a arts field. Since then, Ballet developed throughout over a century and enlightened as a theatre arts in the Romantic era in the nineteenth century.
POLYDACTYLISM IN A BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU FROM NORTHWESTERN MANITOBA (1971)

A polydactylous right front foot was collected from a 5-year-old female barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) in northwestern Manitoba (59°21′N, 100°13′W). We determined by gross visual and radiographic examination that the foot had a complete extra digit in the position of the ancestral 1st digit. This is the first account of a polydactylous foot in the genus Rangifer.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of the increase in intracellular Ca<i>2+</i> induced in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by cellular antigen. (1988)

The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to target cell binding was investigated by ratio image fluorescence microscopy. Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores occurred at a site distal to target cell contact and was transient. Extracellular Ca2+ influx resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i that was prolonged and distributed more proximal to the target cell. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i were observed after target cell contact, although the periodicity was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The Ag-specific reorientation of cytoplasmic granules occurred well after [Ca2+]i had begun to decline to a resting level, but was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. These studies indicate that the Ag-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variation, and that these characteristics are altered by the availability of extracellular Ca2+. The results also suggest that these changes in [Ca2+]i may play a role in the cytoplasmic events that accompany T cell-mediated cytolysis.
An Analysis on Downlink Capacity of Multi-Cell OFDMA Systems Under Randomized Inter-cell/sector Interference (2007)

An analysis on downlink capacity of multi-cell OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems is presented in this paper under a model of randomized multiple access interference, which is a result of applying random sub-carrier allocation among different cells/sectors. The analysis shows that the system capacity is either in the bandwidth-limited or power-limited region and that optimum tradeoff between capacity and coverage is achievable in a sense that given a required capacity the maximum coverage can be determined. The capacity is evaluated for different system setups, which are characterized by cell radius, reuse factor and types of antenna system with and without spatial division multiple access (SDMA). Three types of antenna are considered including omni-directional antenna, 3-sector antenna and switched-beam smart antenna. Numerical results show that the use of 3-sector and switched-beam smart antenna can enlarge the bandwidth-limited region and achieves a better capacity and coverage tradeoff.
Preservation of dry liposomes does not require retention of residual water. (1987)

Certain sugars, particularly trehalose, dramatically alter physical properties of dry phospholipids in ways that mimic the presence of water. As a result, these sugars are capable of preserving the integrity of dry liposomes and membranes. Since these effects could conceivably be due to the presence of small amounts of water in the dry preparations of sugar and lipid, we have done careful measurements of the residual water contents in the dry samples and report the results here. Lyophilized liposomes composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (9:1) contain at most 0.2 mol of H2O per mol of lipid. When the trehalose concentration in the dry mixtures is increased, there is no increase in the apparent water content of the samples over a wide range of sugar concentrations. Over the same range of trehalose contents the maximal effect of trehalose on physical properties of the lipids and on stabilization of liposomes is achieved. We conclude that the stabilization does not require retention of residual amounts of water in the dry trehalose-phospholipid preparations. Similar studies with other sugars show a relationship between the amount of sugar interacting with the lipid and the ability of the same sugar to stabilize dry liposomes.
Adsorption : building upon a solid foundation (1995)

Separations in which the adsorbate concentration is greater than a very few percent in the feed are called bulk separations, and those with considerably lower adsorbate concentrations in the feed are called purifications. In spite of two problems--process complexity, and heat effects--adsorption processes are used economically in a wide variety of separations in the chemical process industries. This article will provide an overview of the different types of adsorbents and their uses, as well as the various types of adsorption processes and their application. Adsorption technology is rapidly advancing in several areas; so, the author also will cover a number of new developments.
Alkaloids—The world's pain killers (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids—The world's pain killersR. L. Ray Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 9, 451Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1960Published inissue 1 September 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037p451RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Recent Progress In Gradient-Index Optics (1988)

A brief summary of gradient-index (GRIN) optical principles is given, followed by a state-of-the-art review. Much of the important recent work has been in the area of GRIN materials, specifically: new glasses for ion exchange, new ion exchange techniques, GRIN sol-gel glasses and plastic GRIN. New metrology techniques and fabricated GRIN imaging systems are also discussed.
Network management platform approach and its application-KView II (2002)

The rapid adoption of the SNMP standard is creating complex new competitive challenges for the traditional providers of LAN and internet management. An emerging strategy among some system and network vendors, is the adaptation of a platform approach to develop custom applications. Network management platform provides an environment in which network management software can be written quickly, and integrated with other management software easily. This paper describes the management problems in a multivendor environment, user requirements for management, the facilities of a management platform, and introduces an application of the management platform KView II. KView II consists of two main tools: the panel editor, which is a graphic editor system for creating and editing graphical representations of the LAN interconnection devices; and the device manager, a value-added application that tightly integrated with HP Open View, providing the network administrator monitoring and control facilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection of Insulinoma Cell Lines With Resistance to Interleukin-1 - and (2000)

receptor type I (IL-1RI) in INS-1 r e s cells compared with parental INS-1 cells. IL-1 signaling through p38 MAP kinase was found to be normal in INS-1 r e s cells, suggesting that their expression of IL-1RI is sufficient to maintain cytokine action. However, normal IL-1 ‐ m e d iated translocation of NF-kB and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production was severely impaired in the INS-1 r e s cell lines, suggesting a mechanism for the IL-1 resistance. In sum, this study defines a strategy for isolation of cytokine-resistant -cell lines and provides a new system for studying the mechanisms by which such resistance can be achieved. D i a b e t e s 4 9 :5 6 2‐570, 2000
Surface/bulk micromachining (SBM) process and deep trench oxide isolation method for MEMS (2003)

This paper presents a new method for micromachining released structures with single crystal silicon, as well as a new method for electrically isolating the released structures with a deep trench oxide. The developed surface/bulk micromachining (SBM) process utilizes (111) silicon wafers. The structural patterns are defined using a reactive ion etcher. Then, the patterns as well as sidewalls are passivated with an oxide film, and bare silicon is exposed at desired areas. The exposed bare silicon is further reactive ion etched, which defines sacrificial gap dimensions. By undercutting the exposed bulk silicon sidewalls in an aqueous alkaline etchant, cleanly released microstructures can be fabricated. For sensing or electrostatic actuation of released microstructures, a deep trench oxide isolation method is developed and applied successfully to actuate a comb-drive actuator. The developed SBM process with deep trench oxide isolation allows fabricating single crystal silicon MEMS with a low parasitic capacitance.
Genome Analysis of the Unicellular Green Alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Indicates an Ancient Evolutionary Origin for Key Pattern Recognition and Cell-Signaling Protein Families (2008)

The evolution of specific cell signaling and adhesion domains may have played an important role in the transition to a multicellular existence in the metazoans. Genomic analysis indicates that several signaling domains predominately found in animals are also present in the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A large group of proteins is present, containing scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) and C-type lectin domains, which function in ligand binding and play key roles in the innate immune system of animals. Chlamydomonas also contains a large family of putative tyrosine kinases, suggesting an important role for phosphotyrosine signaling in the green algae. These important signaling domains may therefore be widespread among eukaryotes and most probably evolved in ancestral eukaryotes before the divergence of the Opisthokonts (the animal and fungal lineage).