gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of antimicrobial agents on growth and chemotaxis of Trichomonas vaginalis (1988)

The motility of viable Trichomonas vaginalis organisms is readily demonstrable in a clinical wet mount or cultured specimens. We attempted to determine whether migration is a dynamic process such that the organisms move to avoid exposure to toxic antimicrobial agents. With the use of axenic cultures of T. vaginalis that were radiolabeled and assayed for chemotaxis in plastic multiwelled plates with a membrane filter inserted to trap organisms, the response of clinical isolates to various antimicrobial agents was studied. Chemotaxis was readily demonstrable and dependent upon factors including time of incubation, media used, and viscosity of media. Nitroimidazoles (e.g., metronidazole) which readily inhibited the growth of these organisms also caused significant chemorepulsion after minutes of exposure. The antifungal imidazoles ketoconazole and miconazole inhibited growth nearly as readily and caused chemorepulsion, but to a lesser degree. The spermicide Nonoxynol-9 also inhibited growth and caused significant chemorepulsion. The minimal concentrations of many compounds which inhibited growth were very similar to those which caused significant chemorepulsion. Imidazole and antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) which did not inhibit growth did not induce any chemotactic effects. Chemotaxis of T. vaginalis is an active and dynamic process, and the organisms display chemorepulsion shortly after exposure to toxic antimicrobial agents, well before toxicity can be demonstrated.
Dual‐polarity GRAPPA for simultaneous reconstruction and ghost correction of echo planar imaging data (2015)

This new parallel imaging method for reconstructing accelerated EPI data shows better resilience to inherent EPI phase errors, resulting in higher image quality in regions where higher-order EPI phase errors commonly occur. Magn Reson Med 76:32-44, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey (2000)

This is a survey on graph visualization and navigation techniques, as used in information visualization. Graphs appear in numerous applications such as Web browsing, state-transition diagrams, and data structures. The ability to visualize and to navigate in these potentially large, abstract graphs is often a crucial part of an application. Information visualization has specific requirements, which means that this survey approaches the results of traditional graph drawing from a different perspective.
Hazard Communication in the Workplace (1990)

Subsequent rulemaking procedures and litigation have produced a performance-oriented standard 8 that covers thousands of chemical substances used in numerous industries. 9While this revision of the HCS engendered a great deal of controversy and litigation throughout the past few years, the revised HCS is now fully in effect in all industries. 10Other modifications of the HCS proposed by the Office of Management and the Budget have been rejected by the Supreme Court in Dole v. United Steelworkers of America, in which the Court considered OMB's authority to order changes in the HCS. 1 The revised HCS purports to preempt all state and local laws on evaluating and communicating hazard information to employees.' 2 Final Rule, 52 Fed.Reg.31852 (1987).8. For a discussion of the wide discretion given manufacturers in performing hazard evaluations and in disclosing product ingredients under the HCS and of the HCS's effectiveness, see Carle, A Hazardous Mix: Discretion to Disclose and Incentives to Suppress Under OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, 97 YALE L.J. 581 (1988).9. Final Rule, 52 Fed.Reg.31852 (1987) (containing rules and regulations to expand the scope of HCS, 29 C.F.R. 1910.1200(1986), to cover all employees under OSHA).For a discussion of the need for better dissemination of information about the numerous chemicals now available in the home and workplace and the failures of both the market and state and federal laws in making this information more accessible, see Lyndon, supra note 5.10. See
The Electrical Conductivity of Titanium Dioxide (1942)

Experiments on titanium dioxide show that it is an electronic semi-conductor in which the the current carriers are actually free electrons, as contrasted with the hole conduction of the other type of semi-conductor. It is found that the variation with oxygen pressure is that which would be expected if the titanium dioxide decomposes in the following manner: $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Ti}}^{+}+{\mathrm{O}}_{2}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The deviation of the curves at low pressures is probably due to the presence of small impurities in the samples used. It is found that the variation of conductivity with temperature is represented by the formula $\ensuremath{\sigma}=A{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{\mathrm{kT}}}$. The activation energy $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is about 1.7 electron volts. Transport measurements show that the ionic conductivity is less than that which can be measured in these experiments. Measurements of the Hall effect, although not very quantitative, show that the mean free path for the conduction electrons is very small.
Frame-rate omnidirectional surveillance and tracking of camouflaged and occluded targets (2003)

Video surveillance involves watching an area for significant events. Perimeter security generally requires watching areas that afford trespassers reasonable cover and concealment. By definition, such "interesting" areas have limited visibility. Furthermore, targets of interest generally attempt to conceal themselves within the cover sometimes adding camouflage to further reduce their visibility. Such targets are only visible "while in motion". The combined result of limited visibility distance and target visibility severely reduces the usefulness of any panning-based approach. As a result, these situations call for a wide field of view, and are a natural application for omni-directional VSAM (video surveillance and monitoring). This paper describes an omni-directional tracking system. After motivating its use, we discuss some domain application constraints and background on the paracamera. We then go through the basic components of the frame-rate Lehigh Omni-directional Tracking System (LOTS) and describe some of its unique features. In particular, the system's combined performance depends on novel adaptive multi-background modeling and a novel quasi-connected-components technique. These key components are described in some detail, while other components are summarized. We end with a summary of an external evaluation of the system.
Differential Temporal Expression Profiles of<i>Heat Shock Protein</i>Genes in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>(Diptera: Drosophilidae) Under Ultraviolet A Radiation Stress (2014)

Solar UV radiation is indispensable for certain behaviors of many organisms. Nevertheless, UV-A might be expected to stress insects that possess intensive positive taxis toward UV-A light. To avoid stress hazards, organisms generally exhibit the upregulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps) expression. To gain a better understanding of the roles of the different Hsps in response to UV-A stress in the diurnal phototactic fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae), we tested the temporal expression patterns of 11 DmHsps following UV-A radiation. The results indicated that each DmHsp had a differential temporal expression profile under UV-A radiation stress. Potential transcription factor-binding motifs in the promoter regions of strongly inducible DmHsps were identified; results showed these transcription factor-binding motifs were highly homologous to binding sites that have been identified for transcription factors associated with UV radiation stimuli. So DmHsps might act in a coordinated and cooperative manner at the transcriptional level to counteract UV-A radiation-based stress.
Fluoroaliphatic Sulfones: A New Class of Delayed-action Insecticides for Control of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)1 (1985)

Extensive laboratory testing of fluoroaliphatic sulfones (RfSO2R) showed that, in particular, sulfonamide (RfSO2NR1R2) analogs have potential as delayed-action toxicants for control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Delayed activity was observed when R1 and R2 = H or alkyl with one exception (R1 = H, R2 = t-butyl). Dependent on the double-bond position, unsaturated hydrocarbon substituents gave either fast kill or delayed activity. Monoalcohol substituents showed delayed activity, but diols were inactive. Polyether substituents, either hydrogen or methyl end-capped, showed similar delayed activity. The C8F17 fluorocarbon radical yielded the best activity. Both the fluorocarbon and sulfone groups were essential to the activity of this class of compounds.
A Systematic Study to Optimize SiPM Photo-Detectors for Highest Time Resolution in PET (2012)

We report on a systematic study of time resolution made with three different commercial silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) (Hamamatsu MPPC S10931-025P, S10931-050P, and S10931-100P) and two LSO scintillating crystals. This study aimed to determine the optimum detector conditions for highest time resolution in a prospective time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) system. Measurements were based on the time over threshold method in a coincidence setup using the ultrafast amplifier-discriminator NINO and a fast oscilloscope. Our tests with the three SiPMs of the same area but of different SPAD sizes and fill factors led to best results with the Hamamatsu type of 50×50×μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> single-pixel size. For this type of SiPM and under realistic geometrical PET scanner conditions, i.e., with 2×2×10×mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LSO crystals, a coincidence time resolution of 220 ±4 ps FWHM could be achieved. The results are interpreted in terms of SiPM photon detection efficiency (PDE), dark noise, and photon yield.
Empirical Support for Asymmetry of the Distribution of Effort (2000)

When employers observe imperfect measures of worker effort, theorists typically assume that the observation of effort is unimodal and symmetrically distributed. This paper presents empirical evidence from two experimental work environments that question the assumption of symmetric distributions of observed effort. For these piece-rate work environments we find that observed effort is significantly negatively skewed (i.e., modal> mean effort). Two possible explanations are intra-period learning and/or on-the-job leisure. There are both theoretical and practical implications of this asymmetry. Some implications that are discussed, include: self-selection into rank -order tournaments, optimal wage spreads in rank -order tournaments, and optimal wage contracts with asymmetric information.
Human dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into Schwann cells and promote and guide neurite outgrowth in an aligned tissue‐engineered collagen construct <i>in vitro</i> (2013)

In the present study, we evaluated the differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) toward Schwann cells, together with their functional capacity with regard to myelination and support of neurite outgrowth in vitro. Successful Schwann cell differentiation was confirmed at the morphological and ultrastructural level by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, compared to undifferentiated hDPSCs, immunocytochemistry and ELISA tests revealed increased glial marker expression and neurotrophic factor secretion of differentiated hDPSCs (d-hDPSCs), which promoted survival and neurite outgrowth in 2-dimensional dorsal root ganglia cultures. In addition, neurites were myelinated by d-hDPSCs in a 3-dimensional collagen type I hydrogel neural tissue construct. This engineered construct contained aligned columns of d-hDPSCs that supported and guided neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that hDPSCs are able to undergo Schwann cell differentiation and support neural outgrowth in vitro, proposing them to be good candidates for cell-based therapies as treatment for peripheral nerve injury.
Atomic layer etching of silicon nitride using cyclic process with hydrofluorocarbon chemistry (2017)

In this study, atomic layer etching (ALE) of silicon nitride (SiN) using a cyclic process with monofluoromethane chemistry was investigated. Results show that an appropriate desorption time must be chosen at a specific adsorption time to achieve SiN ALE. The results also show that the infinite selectivity of SiN over Si can be achieved using the cycle process. To further understand this behavior, the adsorption and desorption effects were also studied. The results revealed a mechanism to obtain a high Si selectivity and a dominant factor that causes the Si loss. To further understand the ALE capability, we studied and compared the etched profiles and resulting surface roughness obtained by both a conventional process and an ALE process. The results show that the ALE process can achieve a high Si selectivity and a non-detectable level of Si surface damage, compared with a conventional continuous etching process.
Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Crude Saponin on Blood Chemical Parameters of Guinea Pigs Exposed to TCDD (2003)

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude ginseng saponin (CGS) on blood chemical parameters in adult female guinea pigs exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). A total of 80 guinea pigs (800±20 g) were divided into 8 groups: group 1 (normal control group) was given vehicle (corn oil containing small amount of acetone and DMSO) and saline; group 2 (single TCDD-treated) received TCDD (1 ㎍/㎏, i.p.) and saline (i.p.); groups 3 and 4 were administered CGS at a daily i.p. doses of 10 and 20 ㎎/㎏ for 4 weeks, respectively; groups 5 and 6 were administered CGS (10 and 20 ㎎/㎏, respectively) for 5 weeks starting 1 week before TCDD-exposure; groups 7 and 8 were administered CGS (10 and 20 ㎎/㎏, respectively) for 3 weeks from 1 week after TCDD-exposure. CGS was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography. Body weights of G2 were significantly decreased from the 2nd week after TCDD-exposure (P＜0.01). Body weights of the CGS-treated groups were also decreased by TCDD-exposure but the weight loss was greatly retarded compared with that of G2. Increase in blood glucose, amylase, lipase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST and LDL-cholesterol levels by TCDD exposure was significantly attenuated by the CGS-treatment (P＜0.05). From these results, we found that saponin, the main active ingredient of ginseng, played a protective role in TCDD-induced toxicity and ginseng protected female animals from dioxin-induced toxic manifestation.
Apotheosis and After-Life - Apotheosis and After – Life: Three Lectures on Certain Phases of Art and Religion in the Roman Empire. By MrsS. Arthur Strong, Assistant Director of the British School at Rome. Constable. (1916)

Apotheosis and After-Life - Apotheosis and After – Life: Three Lectures on Certain Phases of Art and Religion in the Roman Empire. By MrsS. Arthur Strong, Assistant Director of the British School at Rome. Constable. - Volume 30 Issue 4
Ensemble-level Power Management for Dense Blade Servers (2006)

One of the key challenges for high-density servers (e.g., blades) is the increased costs in addressing the power and heat density associated with compaction. Prior approaches have mainly focused on reducing the heat generated at the level of an individual server. In contrast, this work proposes power efficiencies at a larger scale by leveraging statistical properties of concurrent resource usage across a collection of systems ("ensemble"). Specifically, we discuss an implementation of this approach at the blade enclosure level to monitor and manage the power across the individual blades in a chassis. Our approach requires low-cost hardware modifications and relatively simple software support. We evaluate our architecture through both prototyping and simulation. For workloads representing 132 servers from nine different enterprise deployments, we show significant power budget reductions at performances comparable to conventional systems.
High-Performance Hole-Transport Polyurethanes for Light-Emitting Diodes Applications (2006)

A novel family of hole-transport polyurethanes (PUs) has been developed. The PUs were prepared from the condensation polymerization of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with (E,E)-1,4-bis(2-hydroxystyryl)benzene, an oligo p-phenylene-(E)-vinylene (OPV) unit, and various amounts of 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD), as well as with 4-tert-butyl phenol as the terminal group. The PUs demonstrates superior properties that were concluded on the basis of the improved current injection in the corresponding hole-only device. The OLED device with the OPV−PU interfacial layer inserted in ITO/PEDOT:PSS(20 nm)/PU(30 nm)/α-NPB(10 nm)/Bebq2(20 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(100 nm) has a dramatic voltage reduction of 2.5 V under the current density of 100 mA/cm2. When compared to the control device, the current efficiency was improved 2.37 times. The maximum brightness increased to 14900 cd/m2 in comparison to that of 5780 cd/m2 for the control device. The performance of the OLED devices was fine-tuned by adjusting the combination of the OPV and OXD units to reach electron−hole balanced conditions. The maximum current efficiency increased to 4.12 cd/A at 5.5 V when the PU layer of OPV:OXD = 67:33 was used.
Long-term preservation of bone marrow and stem cell pool in dogs (1978)

A canine model in vivo was established to assess the viability of stem cells frozen and stored for prolonged periods in liquid nitrogen. Forty-six foxhounds received total-body irradiation (1000 rads at 9 rads/min) followed by the infusion of autologous fresh bone marrow or frozen bone marrow stored for 2 or 5 mo in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen (-140°C). The results demonstrated a direct relationship between the dose of bone marrow infused, the percentage of successful engraftments, and the kinetics of peripheral recovery. The minimum dose of fresh bone marrow for autologous engraftment was between 0.1 and 0.25 × 108 nucleated cells/kg. There was no difference between fresh bone marrow and bone marrow stored for 2 mo (100% recovery of frozen stem cells). Following a 5-mo storage period, the results suggested a slight but not statistically significant decrease in stem cell viability. If it could be demonstrated that this technique successfully preserves human bone marrow stem cells, these data would support the inclusion of frozen autologous bone marrow rescue in the management of patients with malignant diseases as an adjunct to ablative chemotherapy.
Constituents of Cnidium officinale MAKINO. Structure of Senkyunolide and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometory of the Related Phthalides (1977)

From the ether extract of Cnidium officinale MAKINO (Umbelliferae ; Japanese name "Senkyu"), six phthalides were isolated by column and preparative thin-layer chromatography. One of them was a new phthalide and named senkyunolide. The structure of senkyunolide was determined by correlation with the known butylphthalide as (3S)-3-butyl-4, 5-dihydrophthalide (VI). The mass spectroscopy was found to be the most satisfactory method for structural analysis of phthalides and showed a definate systematic fragmentations starting from the cleavages at the allylic position.
Monitoring wheat protein content on-harvester - Australian experiences (2005)

Collagen, the most abundant organic compound of vertebrate organisms, is a supramolecular, protein-made polymer. Details of its post-translational maturation largely determine the mechanical properties of connective tissues. Its assembly requires massive, heterogeneous prolyl-4-hydroxylation (P4H), catalyzed by Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4HA1-3), providing thermostability to its elemental, triple helical building block. So far, there was no evidence of tissue-specific regulation of P4H, nor of a differential substrate repertoire of P4HAs. Here, the post-translational modifications of collagen extracted from bone, skin, and tendon were compared, revealing lower hydroxylation of most GEP/GDP triplets, together with fewer other residue positions along collagen a chains, in the tendon. This regulation is mostly conserved in two distant homeotherm species, mouse and chicken. The comparison of detailed P4H patterns in both species suggests a two-step mechanism of specificity. P4ha2 expression is low in tendon and its genetic invalidation in the ATDC5 cellular model of collagen assembly specifically mimics the tendon-related P4H profile. Therefore, P4HA2 has a better ability than other P4HAs to hydroxylate the corresponding residue positions. Its local expression participates in determining the P4H profile, a novel aspect of the tissue specificities of collagen assembly.
Oral hypoglycemic agents: 1-(2-carboxyphenyl)pyrroles. (1974)

Aus den Anthranilsaureestern (I) entstehen mit SOCl2 die Sulfinylaminobenzoate (II), die mit Dimethylbutadien (III) zu den Thiazin-1-oxiden (IV) umgesetzt werden, aus denen mit KOH die Carboxphenylpyrrole (V) gebildet werden.
The Crystal Structure of trans-Ethanediseleninic Anhydride (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Crystal Structure of trans-Ethanediseleninic AnhydrideEdwin S. Gould and Benjamin PostCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 20, 5161–5164Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01601a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01601a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Paranoid Style in American Politics. And Other Essays (1967)

Journal Article The Paranoid Style in American Politics. And Other Essays Get access The Paranoid Style in American Politics. And Other Essays. By Richard Hofstadter. London: Cape. 1966. 327 pp. Index. 50s. A. E. Campbell A. E. Campbell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 43, Issue 3, July 1967, Pages 615–616, https://doi.org/10.2307/2613810 Published: 01 July 1967