gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative answering through controlled query relaxation (1997)

As knowledge storage systems grow in size and complexity, it becomes unreasonable to expect that users always know enough about the data and how the data are organized to construct accurate and useful queries. Even when a system has syntactic utilities for building queries, users continue to compose queries that contain misconceptions, are too general, or are bound to fail. Cooperative-answering strategies seek to detect such situations and collaborate automatically with users to find the information that the users are seeking. Relaxation can automatically identify new queries related to an original query. The author introduces methods to control and restrict relaxation, thus making it more efficient.
Perspectives on axillary odor (1982)

The study of axillary odors involves the characterization of the responsible skin bacteria and an understanding of their interaction with apocrine secretion. Two bacterial populations are responsible for the differences in odor profiles found in individuals. Androstenone, androstenol and isovaleric acid contribute to these odor profiles. Control measures hould be directed at masking these odorants or interfering with their bacterial production. The human axillary odor may have a communicative role analogous to that of the odors from specialized skin glands in animals.
The Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Anhydrides. VII.<sup>1,2</sup> Electrolyte Effects on the Acid Hydrolysis (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Anhydrides. VII.1,2 Electrolyte Effects on the Acid HydrolysisC. A. Bunton and J. H. FendlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3764–3771Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Convergence properties of iterative decoders working at bit and symbol level (2002)

We compare the convergence thresholds of parallel and serially concatenated codes with interleaver that employ iterative decoding algorithms working at bit or symbol level. The analysis technique is an extension to that of the symbol-level decoder presented by S. ten Brink (see Electron. Lett., vol.35, no.10, p.806-8, 1999), and is valid for very large interleavers. The comparison shows that working at symbol level always yields a lower convergence threshold. In the serial concatenation, the advantage is quite significant.
Recent trends in pulsatile drug delivery systems - A review. (2010)

The purpose of writing this review on pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) is to compile the recent literatures with special focus on the different types and approaches involved in the development of the formulation. PDDS are gaining importance in the field of pharmaceutical technology as these systems deliver the right dose at specific time at a specific site. Some of the disease conditions wherein PDDS are promising include duodenal ulcer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, asthma, diabetes, neurological disorder, cancer, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. PDDS can be classified into time controlled systems wherein the drug release is controlled primarily by the delivery system, stimuli induced PDDS in which release is controlled by the stimuli, such as the pH or enzymes present in the intestinal tract or enzymes present in the drug delivery system and externally regulated system where release is programmed by external stimuli like magnetism, ultrasound, electrical effect and irradiation. This review also summarizes some current PDDS already available in the market. These systems are useful to several problems encountered during the development of a pharmaceutical dosage form. Keywords: Pulsatile drug delivery systems; Circadian rhythm; Single unit, Multiple units, Pulsatile release pulsincap
A transformação dos justos na Parousia (2014)

This article addresses what will occur to those who will be alive at the time of Jesus Christ’s Second Coming. There is much discussion ab out the nature of the transformation that will take place in the lives of the redeemed who wi ll not be liable to resurrection, since they will not experience death during the Parousia. Init ially, the author considers the Old Testament idea of a future transformation. He also pays attention to the intertestamental period, in which one sees no common doctrine about the subject. Then he proceeds to analyze the New Testament texts, with special emphasis on t he Pauline passages of 1 Corinthians 15.50-54 and 2 Corinthians 5.1-5. Jesus’ transfigur ation is also considered since it can serve as a proleptic manifestation of the transformation that the saved will undergo in the future. After analyzing the passages, the article discusses the need for and the nature of such transformation
Complex Structure of Bacillus subtilis RibG (2008)

Bacterial RibG is a potent target for antimicrobial agents, because it catalyzes consecutive deamination and reduction steps in the riboflavin biosynthesis. In the N-terminal deaminase domain of Bacillus subtilis RibG, structure-based mutational analyses demonstrated that Glu51 and Lys79 are essential for the deaminase activity. In the C-terminal reductase domain, the complex structure with the substrate at 2.56-A resolution unexpectedly showed a ribitylimino intermediate bound at the active site, and hence suggested that the ribosyl reduction occurs through a Schiff base pathway. Lys151 seems to have evolved to ensure specific recognition of the deaminase product rather than the substrate. Glu290, instead of the previously proposed Asp199, would seem to assist in the proton transfer in the reduction reaction. A detailed comparison reveals that the reductase and the pharmaceutically important enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase involved in the riboflavin and folate biosyntheses, share strong conservation of the core structure, cofactor binding, catalytic mechanism, even the substrate binding architecture.
Expression of the natural resistance gene Lsh in resident liver macrophages (1984)

Innate resistance and susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection in mice is controlled by a single gene (Lsh) thought to be identical to the genes Ity and Bcg which control the early response to Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium bovis infections, respectively. In the present study, three new aspects of Lsh gene activity were demonstrated. First, it was shown that liver macrophages continue to express Lsh gene activity in vitro after their extraction from mice infected in vivo, although 2 days of infection were required before the resistant phenotype was expressed. Second, detailed examination of early growth of the parasite and tritiated thymidine labeling of the parasites indicated that this delay in expression of the resistant phenotype also occurred in vivo. Third, the expression of resistance was unaltered by the effects of lethal irradiation but could be selectively enhanced by prior treatment with suitable doses of S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide or L. donovani membranes. These results suggest that the resistance mechanism may be expressed by resident liver macrophages after their interaction with parasite-derived material. The relevance of these findings to the other intramacrophage pathogens is discussed.
Sprayable Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone Formulation for Mating Disruption of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Australian Peach and Pear Orchards (2006)

Areawide mating disruption treatments have been effective in controlling infestation of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Australian pome and stone fruit orchards. Although successful, the areawide mating disruption program has been an expensive approach by using hand-applied Isomate dispensers. Sprayable microencapsulated (MEC) pheromone formulations that can be applied with standard spray equipment could substantially reduce the cost of application. Field trials conducted during two consecutive seasons (2002-2004) demonstrated that monthly applications of MEC-OFM phase V (3M Canada, London, Ontario, Canada) at a rate of 125 ml/ha (37.1 g [AI]/ha) in replicated 2-ha blocks of both peaches and pears reduced oriental fruit moth shoot tip and fruit damage as effectively as a single application of Isomate OFM Rosso hand-applied dispensers (500 dispensers per ha) and as or more effectively than standard broad-spectrum insecticide sprays. Fruit protection was achieved despite high oriental fruit moth population densities in both crops as measured by moth catches in terpinyl acetate food and pheromone traps. Similar numbers of oriental fruit moths were captured among all treatments in food traps but captures of males in pheromone traps were disrupted (96-99%) in pheromone-treated blocks relative to controls. The results of this study suggest that microencapsulated formulations of pheromone could be effectively used in areawide mating disruption programs for oriental fruit moth in Australia as a cost-saving alternative to reservoir-style dispensers requiring labor-intensive hand application.
Study of degradation mechanisms of black anodic films in simulated space environment (2009)

Black anodic films are used on aluminium alloys in space applications to provide specific thermo-optical properties to the surface. During the process, thermal and/or residual stresses can lead to crazing of the film in particular conditions. After thermal cycling performed to simulate the space environment, cases of film flaking have been observed. This constitutes potential risks for the satellite lifetime. Peel-test and scratch-test have been used to evaluate the evolution of the adhesion during ageing. For example, we showed that this phenomenon is due to crack propagation occurring at the beginning of ageing. A finite element model has then been developed to study more accurately the propagation mode of these cracks. Thermal stresses are likely to propagate cracks through the film in pure opening mode. When cracks are long enough, thermal stresses can generate propagation parallel to the interface. This would result in the decrease of the measured adhesion with a possibility of flaking.
Nickel(II) bis(phosphine) complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel(II) bis(phosphine) complexesPenelope S. Jarrett and Peter J. SadlerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 9, 2098–2104Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00009a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00009a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2390Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of pyruvate kinase M2 and pAkt expression in breast cancer. (2010)

Strong M2PK expression seems to be a favourable prognostic factor and its role in breast cancer progression should be further explored. Our data confirm previous observations of pAkt as a negative prognostic marker.
Dissolution Kinetics of Macronutrient Fertilizers Coated with Manufactured Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (2012)

The solubility of Zn in Zn fertilizers plays an important role in the agronomic effectiveness of the fertilizer. On the basis of thermodynamics, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) should dissolve faster and to a greater extent than bulk ZnO particles (equivalent spherical diameter >100 nm). These novel solubility features of ZnO NPs might be exploited to improve the efficiency of Zn fertilizers. In this study, we compared the Zn solubility and dissolution kinetics of ZnO nanoparticles and bulk ZnO particles coated onto two selected granular macronutrient fertilizers, urea and monoammonium phosphate (MAP). The main Zn species on coated MAP and urea granules were zinc ammonium phosphate and ZnO, respectively. Coated MAP granules showed greater Zn solubility and faster dissolution rates in sand columns compared to coated urea granules, which may be related to pH differences in the solution surrounding the fertilizer granules. The kinetics of Zn dissolution was not affected by the size of the ZnO particles applied for coating of either fertilizer type, possibly because solubility was controlled by formation of the same compounds irrespective of the size of the original ZnO particles used for coating.
A Novel Bioreactor for the Dynamic Stimulation and Mechanical Evaluation of Multiple Tissue-Engineered Constructs (2010)

Systematic advancements in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering require clear communication about the mechanical environments that promote functional tissue growth. To support the rapid discovery of effective mechanostimulation protocols, this study developed and validated a mechanoactive transduction and evaluation bioreactor (MATE). The MATE provides independent and consistent mechanical loading of six specimens with minimal hardware. The six individual chambers accurately applied static and dynamic loads (1 and 10 Hz) in unconfined compression from 0.1 to 10 N. The material properties of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels and bovine cartilage were measured by the bioreactor, and these values were within 10% of the values obtained from a standard single-chamber material testing system. The bioreactor was able to detect a 1-day 12% reduction (2 kPa) in equilibrium modulus after collagenase was added to six collagenase sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels (p = 0.03). By integrating dynamic stimulation and mechanical evaluation into a single batch-testing research platform, the MATE can efficiently map the biomechanical development of tissue-engineered constructs during long-term culture.
Predictive analysis of urban waste generation for the city of Bogotá, Colombia, through the implementation of decision trees-based machine learning, support vector machines and artificial neural networks (2019)

This study presents an analysis of three models associated with artificial intelligence as tools to forecast the generation of urban solid waste in the city of Bogotá, in order to learn about this type of waste's behavior. The analysis was carried out in such a manner that different efficient alternatives are presented. In this paper, a possible decision-making strategy was explored and implemented to plan and design technologies for the stages of collection, transport and final disposal of waste in cities, while taking into account their particular characteristics. The first model used to analyze data was the decision tree which employed machine learning as a non-parametric algorithm that models data separation limitations based on the learning decision rules on the input characteristics of the model. Support vector machines were the second method implemented as a forecasting model. The primary advantage of support vector machines is their proper adjustment to data despite its variable nature or when faced with problems with a small amount of training data. Lastly, recurrent neural network models to forecast data were implemented, which yielded positive results. Their architectural design is useful in exploring temporal correlations among the same. Distribution by collection zone in the city, socio-economic stratification, population, and quantity of solid waste generated in a determined period of time were factors considered in the analysis of this forecast. The results found that support vector machines are the most appropriate model for this type of analysis.
Short-Term Load Forecasting With Seasonal Decomposition Using Evolution for Parameter Tuning (2015)

This paper studies data-driven short-term load forecasting, where historic data are used to predict the expected load for the next 24 h. Our focus is to simplify and automate the estimation and analysis of various forecasting models. We propose a three-stage approach to load forecasting, consisting of preprocessing, forecasting, and postprocessing, where the forecasting stage uses evolution to automatically set the parameters for each model. In our implementation, the preprocessing stage includes removal of daily and weekly seasonality by a nonparametric method. This seasonal pattern is added in the postprocessing stage. The system allows for easy exploration of several forecasting models, without the need to have in-depth knowledge of how to obtain the best performance for each model. We apply the method to several forecasting algorithms and on three datasets: (1) distribution substation; (2) GEFCom 2012; and (3) a transmission level dataset. We find that the forecasting algorithms considered produce significantly more accurate forecasts when combined with our proposed preprocessing stage compared with applying the same algorithms directly on the raw data. We also find that the parameter values chosen by evolution often provide insights into the interplay between the different datasets and forecast models. Software is available online.
Human Computable Passwords. (2014)

An interesting challenge for the cryptography community is to design authentication protocols that are so simple that a human can execute them without relying on a fully trusted computer. We propose several candidate authentication protocols for a setting in which the human user can only receive assistance from a semi-trusted computer --- a computer that stores information and performs computations correctly but does not provide confidentiality. Our schemes use a semi-trusted computer to store and display public challenges $C_i\in[n]^k$. The human user memorizes a random secret mapping $\sigma:[n]\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_d$ and authenticates by computing responses $f(\sigma(C_i))$ to a sequence of public challenges where $f:\mathbb{Z}_d^k\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_d$ is a function that is easy for the human to evaluate. We prove that any statistical adversary needs to sample $m=\tilde{\Omega}(n^{s(f)})$ challenge-response pairs to recover $\sigma$, for a security parameter $s(f)$ that depends on two key properties of $f$. To obtain our results, we apply the general hypercontractivity theorem to lower bound the statistical dimension of the distribution over challenge-response pairs induced by $f$ and $\sigma$. Our lower bounds apply to arbitrary functions $f $ (not just to functions that are easy for a human to evaluate), and generalize recent results of Feldman et al. As an application, we propose a family of human computable password functions $f_{k_1,k_2}$ in which the user needs to perform $2k_1+2k_2+1$ primitive operations (e.g., adding two digits or remembering $\sigma(i)$), and we show that $s(f) = \min\{k_1+1, (k_2+1)/2\}$. For these schemes, we prove that forging passwords is equivalent to recovering the secret mapping. Thus, our human computable password schemes can maintain strong security guarantees even after an adversary has observed the user login to many different accounts.
Cooperative Binding Properties of Restriction Endonuclease EcoRII with DNA Recognition Sites (1998)

EcoRII is a member of the expanding group of type IIe restriction endonucleases that share the distinguishing feature of requiring cooperativity between two recognition sites in their substrate DNA. To determine the stoichiometry of the active DNA-enzyme complex and the mode of cooperative interaction, we have investigated the dependence of EcoRII cleavage on the concentration of EcoRII dimers. Maximal restriction was observed at dimer/site ratios of 0.25 and 0. 5. The molecular weight of the DNA-enzyme complex eluted from a gel filtration column also corresponds to a dimeric enzyme structure bound to two substrate sites. We conclude that one EcoRII dimer is sufficient to interact cooperatively with two DNA recognition sites. A Lac repressor "barrier" bound between two normally reactive EcoRII sites did not inhibit restriction endonuclease activity, indicating that cooperativity between EcoRII sites is achieved by bending or looping of the intervening DNA stretch. Comparative cleavage of linear substrates with differently spaced interacting sites revealed an inverse correlation between cleavage rate and site distance. At the optimal distance of one helical turn, EcoRII cleavage is independent of the orientation of the recognition sequence in the DNA double strand.
Programming Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 (1999)

From the Publisher:
Comprehensive instruction for faster, leaner developmentand more powerful results.
Create professional-quality applications, components, and user interfaces faster and more efficiently than ever with the powerful object-oriented programming capabilities in the Visual Basic 6.0 development system. From Windows' common controls to data access, Internet, and ActiveX® programming, this book covers core development topics for version 6.0 - providing insightful explanations and expertly rendered examples for rapid acceleration of your Win32® productivity.

Expedite development with the object-oriented capabilities in Visual Basic 6.0 - including events, polymorphism, and object hierarchies Develop great user interfaces that use the full range of controls in Visual Basic and take advantage of OLE drag and drop, data-driven forms, and advanced Windows API techniques Build datacentric solutions using ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) 2.0 and 2.1, the DataEnvironment designer, and RIDS components for remote activation via the Internet Master ActiveX technology to create components and controls, learning advanced techniques such as COM callbacks, multithreaded components and applications, and windowless ActiveX controls Deploy rich, Web-ready components and applications with Dynamic HTML (DHTML) and Microsoft Internet Information Server

Included on CD-ROM:

150 sample projects and 100 class modulesmore than 2 MB of source code! Library of over 170 reusable routines for better string, math, array, date/time, controls file, database, registry, mouse, and keyboard operations ADO Workbench - a tool for exploring ADO featuresinteractively A component for bullet-proof window subclassing