gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bisanthracycline WP631 inhibits basal and Sp1-activated transcription initiation in vitro (1999)

An in vitro transcription assay was used to compare the capacity of the bisintercalating anthracycline WP631 (which displays a remarkably high DNA-binding affinity) and the monointercalating anthracycline daunomycin to inhibit transcription initiation of the adenovirus major late promoter linked to a G-less transcribed DNA template. Both drugs inhibit basal RNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent way, and the drug concentrations required to inhibit transcription initiation are similar. However, in this study WP631 was around 15 times more efficient at inhibiting transcription initiation when used with an adenovirus promoter containing an upstream Sp1-protein binding site under experimental conditions in which the Sp1 protein acted as a transactivator in vitro. The differences in the ability of each drug to inhibit transcription initiation were related to the competition between Sp1 and the drugs for the same binding site. Concentrations of WP631 as low as 60 nM could inhibit the Sp1-activated transcription initiation in vitro. In contrast, the concentration of daunomycin required to inhibit Sp1-activated transcription by 50% was almost the same as the concentration required to inhibit basal transcription. The efficiency of WP631 at displacing Sp1 from its putative binding site was confirmed using gel retardation and footprinting assays. These results are the first unequivocal example of a direct effect of an intercalator on activated transcription initiation.
Double Negative Differential Resistance Properties in MISIM Structure with Substrate Grounded and Two Electrode Terminals Biased with Constant Offset Voltage (2017)

Double negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior was observed in the concentric circle electrode MISIM tunnel diodes by the simultaneous biasing method. The two electrodes of MISIM are biased simultaneously with a constant offset voltage with substrate grounded. The double NDR characteristic was shown in the current of the inner circle electrode. Since the current of the Al/SiO2/Si(p) structure has the property of high sensitivity to the supply of the nearby minority carriers, the current in the inner circle can be modulated by the amount of the supplied minority carriers. The inversion charge and the electron tunneling in the outer ring affect the amount of minority carriers and result in the increase and decrease of the inner circle MIS current. The voltage and current level of double NDR can be tuned easily by varying the biasing condition rather than changing its fabrication process. This provides possible flexibility on the design of NDR applications.
Komponenten der Raumfahrt (1963)

Die Raumfahrt hat einen neuen Zweig der Technik entstehen lassen, der in kurzem Abstand der Atomtechnik gefolgt ist. Diese neue Technik erfordert von Wissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren Spitzenleistungen auf vielen Gebieten. Ein breites Spektrum der Betätigung hat sich eröffnet, und begierig werden die letzten Erkenntnisse der Naturwissenschaften aufgegriffen, um sie der Anwendung zuzuführen. Wie so oft in der Technik, stößt man an die Grenze des Wissens vor und fordert weiteres Forschen in bestimmte Richtungen, um ein gestecktes Ziel zu erreichen. In der Raumfahrttechnik ist das ganz besonders der Fall. Viele unzureichend erforschte Gebiete werden in Angriff genommen und einer systematischen Untersuchung unterzogen.
Comparison of reliability analysis methods for passive systems (2013)

Aiming at the fault feature of the nuclear power station,which is that there the hardware failure of the passive system is infrequent and the failure of the physical process occurs more often,based on the definition of the passive system and its main features,the reliability of the passive system was analyzed.Taking the passive residual heat removal system and the containment vessel cooling system as examples,the reliability analysis methods for different passive systems were compared,and the features and the applicability of each method were pointed out.Due to the lack of practical operation data,introduction of the mathematic method is of important significance for reliability analysis of passive system.
HMB-45 Staining of Dysplastic Nevi (1989)

Dysplastic nevi are melanocytic tumors that occupy intermediate positions in the spectrum of melanocytic proliferations. Although they are invariably cured if completely excised, their biologic potential if left untreated is unknown. We examined a series of such lesions with HMB-45, a melanocyte-specific antibody, in order to explore protein expression within these borderline lesions. HMB-45 has previously been shown to label intraepidermal melanocytes within melanomas and within all nevi. Intradermal melanoma cells also label with HMB-45, but dermal nevus cells within common melanocytic nevi do not normally stain. In contrast, we found mild to moderate staining of nevus cells within the papillary dermis of dysplastic nevi and within residual nevus cells adjacent to malignant melanomas. In the same lesions, we demonstrated strong staining of intraepidermal melanocytes. Thus, dermal nevus cells within dysplastic nevi and within residual nevus cells adjacent to malignant melanomas are expressing low-level amounts of a protein expressed by melanoma cells, but not by dermal nevus cells within wholly benign melanocytic tumors. This lends support to the concept of these lesions as precursor lesions with undetermined biologic potential.
Calprotectin Expression In Vitro by Oral Epithelial Cells Confers Resistance to Infection by<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2001)

Calprotectin, an S100 calcium-binding protein with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro, is expressed in neutrophils, monocytes, and gingival keratinocytes. In periodontitis, calprotectin appears upregulated and is detected at higher levels in gingival crevicular fluid and tissue specimens. How calprotectin contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases is unknown. To isolate the effects of calprotectin, a calprotectin-negative oral epithelial cell line was transfected with calprotectin genes to enable expression. Porphyromonas gingivalis was permitted to bind and invade transfected cells expressing calprotectin and sham transfectants. Rates of invasion into both cell lines were compared using the antibiotic protection assay. Transfected cells expressing calprotectin showed 40 to 50% fewer internalized P. gingivalis than sham transfectants. Similarly, binding to calprotectin expressing cells was reduced approximately twofold at all time points (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) as estimated by immunofluorescence analysis. Independent of invasion, however, prolonged exposure to P. gingivalis induced epithelial cell rounding and detachment from the substratum. These morphological changes were delayed, however, in cells expressing calprotectin. Using P. gingivalis protease-deficient mutants, we found that Arg-gingipain and Lys-gingipain contributed to epithelial cell rounding and detachment. In conclusion, expression of calprotectin appears to protect epithelial cells in culture against binding and invasion by P. gingivalis. In addition, cells expressing calprotectin are more resistant to detachment mediated by Arg-gingipain and Lys-gingipain. In periodontal disease, calprotectin may augment both the barrier protection and innate immune functions of the gingival epithelium to promote resistance to P. gingivalis infection.
CO<sub>2</sub>Reforming of CH<sub>4</sub>over Ru-Substituted Pyrochlore Catalysts: Effects of Temperature and Reactant Feed Ratio (2012)

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) was performed on a 1% Ru-substituted lanthanum strontium zirconate pyrochlore, La1.97Sr0.03Ru0.05Zr1.95O7 (LSRuZ), and results were compared to a commercially available 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 catalyst at different bed temperatures and reactant feed ratios. X-ray diffraction of the fresh LSRuZ confirmed the formation of the La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore face-centered crystal lattice using a modified Pechini synthesis procedure. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the fresh calcined pyrochlore showed the presence of RuO2, which was also present along with both RuO3 and RuO4 in the 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) showed that Ru was reducible in both catalysts, but the primary TPR peak for Ru reduction was 140 °C higher for the LSRuZ pyrochlore than that for 0.5% Ru/Al2O3, consistent with the incorporation of Ru within the pyrochlore. The effect of the CH4/CO2 feed ratio on the activity was studied by varying the feed ratio as 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 at a constant temperature of 785 °C. At 635 °C, 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 showed higher apparent CO2 conversion (XCO2) and a lower H2/CO ratio in the product gas than the LSRuZ pyrochlore, suggesting that the extent of the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction was greater on 0.5% Ru/Al2O3. At 835 °C, equilibrium conversions of CH4 and CO2 were reached on both catalysts and remained constant with time over 7 h. There were no significant differences in XCO2 and XCH4 between the two catalysts with time on stream at 735 and 835 °C. The effects of the CH4/CO2 inlet feed ratio on products was also studied at a constant space velocity for both catalysts. Results showed that, for CH4/CO2 = 1:2, XCO2 for 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 was 70% and a H2/CO ratio of about 0.60 compared to 62% and 0.63 for the pyrochlore. The higher XCO2 and lower H2/CO ratio for 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 suggest that the RWGS reaction on this catalyst is kinetically faster than on LSRuZ. For CH4/CO2 = 2:1, XCH4 of 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 was 62% and that for pyrochlore was 58%. This small but statistically significant difference indicates slightly higher CH4 decomposition over 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 than pyrochlore at this feed ratio. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of the post-run catalysts showed that the LSRuZ catalyst formed less oxidizable carbon per gram of reducible Ru (gcarbon/gRu) compared to 0.5% Ru/Al2O3, likely because of the greater oxygen ion mobility in the pyrochlore.
Magnetic Fullerene-DNA/Hyaluronic Acid Nanovehicles with Magnetism/Reduction Dual-Responsive Triggered Release (2017)

We created the dual-responsive nanovehicle that can effectively combine and abundantly utilize magnetic and glutathione (GSH)-reductive triggers to control the drug delivery and achieve more intelligent and powerful targeting. In the nanovehicles, paramagnetic fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>@CTAF) was prepared via one-step modification of fullerene with magnetic surfactant CTAF by hydrophobic interaction for the first time. The perfect conjugation of C<sub>60</sub> and CTAF increased the solubility or dispersity of fullerenes and qualified CTAF with more powerful assembly capability with DNA. DNA molecule in the nanovehicles acted as an electrostatic scaffold to load anticancer drug Dox as well as the important building block for assembly with C<sub>60</sub>@CTAF into C<sub>60</sub>@CTAF/DNA. The further combination of deshielding and targeting functions in reduction-responsive disulfide modified HA-SS-COOH coating on C<sub>60</sub>@CTAF/DNA complexes could reduce the agglomeration and regulate the morphology of C<sub>60</sub>@CTAF/DNA complexes from irregular microstructures to more uniform ones. More importantly, the introduction of HA-SS-COOH provided a response to a simulating reductive extra-tumoral environment by efficient cleavage of disulfide linkages by GSH and site-specific drug delivery to HepG2 cells. Amazingly, the final nanovehicles presented an increased magnetic susceptibility compared with paramagnetic CTAF, and they "walked" under an applied magnetic field. Because of their facile fabrication, rapid responsiveness to extra tumoral environment, and external automatic controllability by external magnet, the drug delivery nanovehicles constructed by magnetic fullerene-DNA/hyaluronic acid might be of great interest for making new functional nucleic-acid-based drug carriers.
SNR estimation for non-constant modulus constellations (2004)

We propose a new technique to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over the flat-fading channel. This is a non-data-aided, envelope-based estimator that can be applied to non-constant modulus constellations which is a feature not found in the existing approaches. We also analyze the performance of our estimators for both PSK and non-PSK constellations by deriving their asymptotic variances and comparing it with the Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs). Moreover, we discuss how the SNR estimates can be used to approximate the bit error rate (BER) and how the accuracy of the SNR estimate is related to that of the BER estimate, which justifies the necessity for the accurate estimation of SNR. The analytical performance is shown for both PSK and non-PSK constellations, such as 8 QAM. and 16 QAM. Monte Carlo simulation results corroborate our analysis.
Yuichiro Hiraizumi and Forty Years of Segregation Distortion (1999)

O NE cannot help but admire a gene as fiendishly
Effects of chloride ion on oscillations in the bromate-cerium-malonic acid system (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of chloride ion on oscillations in the bromate-cerium-malonic acid systemSteven S. Jacobs and Irving R. EpsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 7, 1721–1724Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00423a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (488 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dynamic State Estimation of a Synchronous Machine Using PMU Data: A Comparative Study (2014)

Accurate information about dynamic states is important for efficient control and operation of a power system. This paper compares the performance of four Bayesian-based filtering approaches in estimating dynamic states of a synchronous machine using phasor measurement unit data. The four methods are extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter, ensemble Kalman filter, and particle filter. The statistical performance of each algorithm is compared using Monte Carlo methods and a two-area-four-machine test system. Under the statistical framework, robustness against measurement noise and process noise, sensitivity to sampling interval, and computation time are evaluated and compared for each approach. Based on the comparison, this paper makes some recommendations for the proper use of the methods.
Endofin recruits clathrin to early endosomes via TOM1 (2005)

TOM1 and its related proteins, TOM1-like1 (TOM1-L1) and TOM1-like2 (TOM1-L2), constitute a subfamily of the VHS domain protein family. We have recently shown that endofin, a FYVE domain protein associated with the early endosome, is able to recruit cytosolic TOM1 onto endosomal membranes. To reveal the biological consequence of endofin-mediated endosomal recruitment of TOM1, we have identified the clathrin heavy chain as a major interacting protein for TOM1. Optimal clathrin binding by TOM1 involves three sites: residues 300-321, 321-326 and a putative clathrin-binding box at residues 362-366 ((362)LEDEF(366)). Although residues 321-326 could function independently as a weak clathrin-binding motif, deletion of amino acids 300-321 or mutation of (362)Leu and (364)Asp to Ala residues reduced the binding of clathrin to TOM1. A fragment lacking amino acids 300-322 and containing (362)Leu and (364)Asp to Ala mutations lost the ability to interact with clathrin. Remarkably, overexpression of endofin led to a massive and specific recruitment of clathrin [but not dynamin, or the adaptor protein (AP) complexes, AP1, AP2 or AP3] onto endofin-positive endosomes. Although SARA is homologous to endofin, it did not interact with the C-terminal region of TOM1. Examination of chimeric proteins of endofin and SARA suggests that the C-terminal half of endofin is responsible for interaction with the C-terminal region of TOM1 and for recruitment of TOM1 and clathrin to endosomes. The correlation between the ability of endofin to interact with the C-terminal domain of TOM1 and clathrin recruitment suggests that endofin may recruit clathrin via TOM1. Indeed, a chimeric protein consisting of TOM1 fused to two FYVE domains derived from endofin has the ability to recruit clathrin onto endosomal structures. Moreover, we show that affinity-purified TOM1 antibody can abolish binding of clathrin to the C-terminal region of TOM1. Upon microinjection into cells, this antibody reduced the membrane association of clathrin. These results, taken together, suggest that TOM1 is an important molecule for membrane recruitment of clathrin, and that endofin is able to exploit this recruitment at the endosome.
Genetic algorithm for design of reflective filters: application to AlxGa1-xN-based Bragg reflectors (2000)

A genetic algorithm (GA) with adaptive mutations has been employed for the design of Bragg reflectors. The algorithm enables three different design types a) composition and thickness of two layers are chosen and the pair is repeated b) two compositions are chosen for the two alternating materials, and thickness of each layer is optimized c) composition and thickness of each layer are optimized. In all cases, the wavelength and composition dependence of the index of refraction is taken into account. Also, it is possible to impose constraints on the composition difference of the neighbouring layers, either with a penalty function or with narrowing the boundaries for possible compositions. This feature is important because the large lattice mismatch between GaN and A1N can cause poor surface morphology, so measured reflectivity would be lower than the calculated one due to the surface roughness. The algorithm enables finding the optimal design for two chosen incident and final media, and it is capable of taking into account the existence of a finite, optically thick substrate. We have investigated two systems: air/sapphire/A1<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>N reflector/GaN and GaN/A1<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1- x</SUB>N/air.
Confinement of pyridinium hemicyanine dye within an anionic metal-organic framework for two-photon-pumped lasing (2013)

Two-photon-pumped dye lasers are very important because of their applications in wavelength up-conversion, optical data storage, biological imaging and photodynamic therapy. Such lasers are very difficult to realize in the solid state because of the aggregation-caused quenching. Here we demonstrate a new two-photon-pumped micro-laser by encapsulating the cationic pyridinium hemicyanine dye into an anionic metal-organic framework (MOF). The resultant MOF [symbol: see text] dye composite exhibits significant two-photon fluorescence because of the large absorption cross-section and the encapsulation-enhanced luminescent efficiency of the dye. Furthermore, the well-faceted MOF crystal serves as a natural Fabry-Perot resonance cavity, leading to lasing around 640 nm when pumped with a 1064-nm pulse laser. This strategy not only combines the crystalline benefit of MOFs and luminescent behaviour of organic dyes but also creates a new synergistic two-photon-pumped lasing functionality, opening a new avenue for the future creation of solid-state photonic materials and devices.
Walking speed predicts health status and hospital costs for frail elderly male veterans (2005)

This study evaluated the use of walking speed as an indicator of function and health status in acutely ill, hospitalized, older male veterans. Hospital inpatients in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) study of Geriatric Evaluation and Management (GEM) (n = 1,388, age 74.2 +/- 5.7, 98% male) were followed for 1 year. The results indicate that each 0.10 m/s reduction in baseline walking speed was associated with poorer health status (36-item short form [SF-36] beta = 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8 to 6.1]), poorer physical functioning (beta = 2.1 [6.9 to 14.8]), more disabilities (beta = 0.63 [0.53 to 0.73]), additional rehabilitation visits (2.0 [1.4 to 2.5]), increased medical-surgical visits (2.8 [1.9 to 3.7]), longer hospital stays (2.2 [1.4 to 2.9]), and higher costs ($1,334 [$869 to $1,798]). In addition, each 0.10 m/ s/yr increase in walking speed resulted in improved health status (SF-36 beta = 8.4 [6.0 to 10.7]), improved physical function (beta = 2.9 [2.5 to 3.3]), fewer basic disabilities (0.30 [0.2 to 0.4]), fewer instrumental disabilities (0.7 [0.6 to 0.8]), fewer hospitalization days (2.3 [1.3 to 3.3]), and 1-year cost reductions of $1,188 [-$65 to $2,442]. Walking speed is useful for the functional assessment of acutely ill, hospitalized older adults. Measurement of walking speed over time may help predict those who will need and use more health-related services.
An evaluation of DNA fingerprinting for forensic purposes (1987)

Abstract Many highly polymorphic minisatellite loci can be detected simultaneously in the human genome by hybridisation to probes consisting of tandem repeats of the ‘core’ sequence. The resulting DNA fingerprints produced by Southern blot hybridisation are comprised of multiple hypervariable DNA fragments, show somatic and germline stability and are completely specific to an individual. DNA of high molecular weight can be isolated from blood and semen stains up to 4 years old. Sperm nuclei can be separated from vaginal debris and the sperm DNA examined in isolation, allowing the positive identification of rapists. Correspondingly, vaginal DNA can be isolated from extracts of penile swabs. DNA can also be isolated from extracts of buccal swabs. A blind trial involving 43 blood samples, 11 bloodstains and 11 semen stains has been successfully carried out. It is envisaged that genetic fingerprinting will shortly form an important part of casework procedure in forensic science laboratories.