gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of a CO2–NH3 cascade refrigeration system for cooling applications at low temperatures (2008)

As a result of environmental problems related to global warming and depletion of the ozone layer caused by the use of synthetic refrigerants (CFC’s, HCFC’s and HFC’s) experienced over the last decades, the return to the use of natural substances for refrigeration purposes, appears to be the best long-term alternative. In this paper, a cascade refrigeration system with CO2 and NH3 as working fluids in the low and high temperature stages, respectively, has been analysed. Results of COP and exergetic efficiency versus operating and design parameters have been obtained. In addition, an optimization study based on the optimum CO2 condensing temperature has been done. Results show that following both method’s exergy analysis and energy optimization, an optimum value of condensing CO2 temperature is obtained. The compressor isentropic efficiency influence on the optimum system COP has been demonstrated. A methodology to obtain relevant diagrams and correlations to serve as a guideline for design and optimization of this type of systems has been developed and it is presented in the paper.
Toward a Theory of Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding (2004)

We investigate the best way to combine into a single genotype a series of target genes identified in different parents (gene pyramiding). Assuming that individuals can be selected and mated according to their genotype, the best method corresponds to an optimal succession of crosses over several generations (pedigree). For each pedigree, we compute the probability of success from the known recombination fractions between the target loci, as well as the number of individuals (population sizes) that should be genotyped over successive generations until the desired genotype is obtained. We provide an algorithm that generates and compares pedigrees on the basis of the population sizes they require and on their total duration (in number of generations) and finds the best gene-pyramiding scheme. Examples are given for eight target genes and are compared to a reference genotype selection method with random mating. The best gene-pyramiding method combines the eight targets in three generations less than the reference method while requiring fewer genotypings.
The Effect of Price Presentation Tactics on Consumer Evaluation Effort of Multi-Dimensional Prices (2003)

Prices in the marketplace often consist of multiple dimensions, such as a base price, percentage discounts, trade-in values, and monthly fees. The presence of multiple dimensions in a price forces consumers to compute the net price in order to determine the value of the presented offer. In two experiments, it is demonstrated that the presentation format of numeric price information and the arithmetic operation required in the price impose a hierarchy on consumers’ evaluation effort for multi-dimensional prices. The resulting variations in consumer effort are shown to systematically influence decision accuracy. Implications challenging the traditional uni-dimensional view of price are discussed.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specific for (1→6) Branched, (1→3)-β- <scp>d</scp> -Glucan Detection in Environmental Samples (2001)

(1-->3)-beta-D-Glucans have been recognized as a potential causative agent responsible for bioaerosol-induced respiratory symptoms observed in both indoor and occupational environments. A specific enzyme immunoassay was developed to quantify (1-->6) branched, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in environmental samples. The assay was based on the use of a high-affinity receptor (galactosyl ceramide) specific for (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans as a capture reagent and a monoclonal antibody specific for fungal cell wall beta-D-glucans as a detector reagent. The assay was highly specific for (1-->6) branched, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans (such as that from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and did not show any response at 200 ng/ml to curdlan, laminarin, pustulan, dextran, mannan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and endotoxins. The detection level was 0.8 ng/ml for baker's yeast glucan and Betafectin. A coefficient of variation of 7.8% was obtained for (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in house dust samples. Metal working fluids spiked with (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans inhibited the glucan assay. Because the assay is specific for (1-->6) branched, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans and is sensitive and reproducible, it will be useful for the investigation of health effects from exposure to this class of biologically active molecules.
Microwave Plasma Sources ‐Applications in Industry (2012)

Abstract Plasma, excited with microwave energy, has very interesting properties which are in direct correlation with the excitation frequency. This is due to the reachable high electron density, which itself has an influence on the density of further generated particles like ions, radicals, excited atoms and molecules or UV light. Altogether they are responsible for the high chemical reactivity of microwave plasmas attaining their maximum in the pressure regime between 1 and a few hundred Pa. Therefore, comparatively low end pumping systems can be used to achieve good results in etching, activation and deposition processes. Together with the availability of microwave generators, grown with the market of microwave heating technology, microwave plasma is an interesting tool for industrial applications. Scalability of power up to 100 kW per single magnetron tube and lateral dimensions of a few square meters per single plasma source have opened the field to industrial thin film technology for typical large area applications as solar or other flat panel industries. Roth & Rau Muegge is utilizing these advantages to supply microwave generators and plasma technology for various fields of applications which will be provided as an overview to give insight into running activities in industry. Although the presented applications are part of publicly funded programs and projects together with partners from several research institutes and universities, the technical depth of this contribution has to consider running contracts and non disclosure agreements (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> transcription factor PHR1 is essential for adaptation to high light and retaining functional photosynthesis during phosphate starvation (2011)

The transcription factor PHR1 (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1; encoded by gene At4g28610) is central for adaptation to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A rapid turnover of phosphate pools in the leaves is essential for energy transfer and metabolism within photosynthesis, and consequently, we hypothesized that PHR1 is needed for adaptation to high-light stress during P deficiency. We analyzed three Arabidopsis plant lines: wild-type, a transgenic PHR1 overexpressor line and a knockout mutant, phr1. The plants were grown under phosphate-limiting and sufficient conditions and exposed to different light conditions. Photosynthetic activity and light stress of the leaves were characterized by analyzing accumulation of carbohydrates, chlorophyll fluorescence, immunoblot detection of photosystem subunits and anthocyanin accumulation. Compared to the wild-type and the overexpressor line, the phr1 mutant has decreased levels of phosphate, anthocyanins and carbohydrates during combined P deficiency and light stress. The stressed mutant also has strongly decreased photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiency, and shows degradation of the core units of PSII demonstrating extensive irreversible photodamage. We conclude that PHR1 is needed for the metabolic balance, for retaining P(i) levels and for inducing anthocyanin production, and during P deficiency PHR1 is vital for adaptations to avoid permanent damage to photosystems during high-light conditions.
Germline, hematopoietic, mosaic, and somatic variation: interplay between inherited and acquired genetic alterations in disease assessment (2016)

Advances in genetic analysis have revealed new complexities in the interpretation of genetic variants. Correct assessment of a genetic variant relies on the clinical context and knowledge of the underlying biology. We outline four scenarios encountered in genetic testing where careful consideration of the origin of genetic variation is required for variant interpretation.
Growth of alveoli during postnatal development in humans based on stereological estimation (2014)

Alveolarization in humans and nonhuman primates begins during prenatal development. Advances in stereological counting techniques allow accurate assessment of alveolar number; however, these techniques have not been applied to the developing human lung. Based on the recent American Thoracic Society guidelines for stereology, lungs from human autopsies, ages 2 mo to 15 yr, were fractionated and isometric uniform randomly sampled to count the number of alveoli. The number of alveoli was compared with age, weight, and height as well as growth between right and left lungs. The number of alveoli in the human lung increased exponentially during the first 2 yr of life but continued to increase albeit at a reduced rate through adolescence. Alveolar numbers also correlated with the indirect radial alveolar count technique. Growth curves for human alveolarization were compared using historical data of nonhuman primates and rats. The alveolar growth rate in nonhuman primates was nearly identical to the human growth curve. Rats were significantly different, showing a more pronounced exponential growth during the first 20 days of life. This evidence indicates that the human lung may be more plastic than originally thought, with alveolarization occurring well into adolescence. The first 20 days of life in rats implies a growth curve that may relate more to prenatal growth in humans. The data suggest that nonhuman primates are a better laboratory model for studies of human postnatal lung growth than rats.
A convenient preparation of 1-CB11H12- and its C-amino derivatives (1984)

Treatment of 7-(CH 3 ) 3 N-7-CB 10 H 12 with triethylamineborane(3) at 180-200 °C proceeds under splitting off one methyl group and inserting one boron vertex to obtain 1-(CH 3 ) 2 NH-1-CB 11 H 11 . Methylation of the latter compound produces 1-(CH 3 ) 3 N-1-CB 11 H 11 which can be reduced to the parent 1-CB 11 H 12 - anion with sodium in liquid ammonia. The constitution of all compounds was established by NMR and mass spectroscopy.
The Mouse <i>Clock</i> Locus: Sequence and Comparative Analysis of 204 Kb from Mouse Chromosome 5 (2000)

The Clock gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)–PAS transcription factor that regulates circadian rhythms in mice. We previously cloned Clock in mouse and human using a battery of behavioral and molecular techniques, including shotgun sequencing of two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Here we report the finished sequence of a 204-kb region from mouse chromosome 5. This region contains the complete loci for the Clock and Tpardl ( pFT27 ) genes, as well as the 3′ partial locus of the Neuromedin U gene; sequence analysis also suggests the presence of two previously unidentified genes. In addition, we provide a comparative genomic sequence analysis with the syntenic region from human chromosome 4. Finally, a new BAC transgenic line indicates that the genomic region that is sufficient for rescue of the Clock mutant phenotype is no greater than 120 kb and tightly flanks the 3′ end of the Clock gene. [The sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession no. AF146793 .]
Destruction and Inhibition of Bacterial Spores by High Voltage Pulsed Electric Field (1997)

ABSTRACT Electric field strengths (E) from 20 to 50 kV/cm with pulse numbers ranging from 15 to 50 were applied to Bacillus spore suspensions in 0.10 to 0.15% NaCl solution. The lowest count of viable spores, expressed as the logarithmic ratio of initial count before treatment to surviving spores (log(No/N) 3.425 and 5 at 25°C) was obtained at 50 kV/cm with 30 and 50 pulses for B. subtilis and B. cereus , respectively. The log(No/N) increased with increased treatment temperature or increased time gap between pulses. Spores were unable to repair damage even after 1 mo.
Origins of Low Quantum Efficiencies in Quantum Dot LEDs (2013)

Abstract The promise for next generation light‐emitting device (LED) technologies is a major driver for research on nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). The low efficiencies of current QD‐LEDs are often attributed to luminescence quenching of charged QDs through Auger‐processes. Although new QD chemistries successfully suppress Auger recombination, high performance QD‐LEDs with these materials have yet to be demonstrated. Here, QD‐LED performance is shown to be significantly limited by the electric field. Experimental field‐dependent photoluminescence decay studies and tight‐binding simulations are used to show that independent of charging, the electric field can strongly quench the luminescence of QD solids by reducing the electron and hole wavefunction overlap, thereby lowering the radiative recombination rate. Quantifying this effect for a series of CdSe/CdS QD solids reveals a strong dependence on the QD band structure, which enables the outline of clear design strategies for QD materials and device architectures to improve QD‐LED performance.
RAD50 targeting impairs DNA damage response and sensitizes human breast cancer cells to cisplatin therapy (2014)

In tumor cells the effectiveness of anti-neoplastic agents that cause cell death by induction of DNA damage is influenced by DNA repair activity. RAD50 protein plays key roles in DNA double strand breaks repair (DSBs), which is crucial to safeguard genome integrity and sustain tumor suppression. However, its role as a potential therapeutic target has not been addressed in breast cancer. Our aim in the present study was to analyze the expression of RAD50 protein in breast tumors, and evaluate the effects of RAD50-targeted inhibition on the cytotoxicity exerted by cisplatin and anthracycline and taxane-based therapies in breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry assays on tissue microarrays indicate that the strong staining intensity of RAD50 was reduced in 14% of breast carcinomas in comparison with normal tissues. Remarkably, RAD50 silencing by RNA interference significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Combinations of cisplatin with doxorubicin and paclitaxel drugs induced synergistic effects in early cell death of RAD50-deficient MCF-7, SKBR3, and T47D breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we found an increase in the number of DSBs, and delayed phosphorylation of histone H2AX after cisplatin treatment in RAD50-silenced cells. These cellular events were associated to a dramatical increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and a decrease of cell number in metaphase. In conclusion, our data showed that RAD50 abrogation impairs DNA damage response and sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin-combined therapies. We propose that the development and use of inhibitors to manipulate RAD50 levels might represent a promising strategy to sensitize breast cancer cells to DNA damaging agents.
The Mechanism by Which Epinastine Stops an Adenosine Analog from Contracting BDE Rat Airways (1998)

Epinastine is an antihistamine and antiallergic drug. The object of this work was to use a rat model of noncholinergic bronchospasm to identify novel nonantihistamine mechanisms that might contribute to the efficacy of this drug in asthma. Oral epinastine blocked bronchospasm (increase in RL) in BDE rats induced by the adenosine A3 receptor agonist N6-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyladenosine with an ED50 of only 0.47 mg/kg. An intravenous dose of 10 microg/kg epinastine was also effective. In vitro, epinastine bound 5-HT2a, 5-HT7, and 5-HT3 receptors (Ki values, respectively, 21, 33, and 159 nM). In the in vivo rat model, 5-HT2a antagonist ketanserin, 5-HT7 agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine, and (to a limited extent) 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron could all, like epinastine, block bronchospasm, but the "classic" antihistamine chlorpheniramine was ineffective. Epinastine could not block bronchospasm in the presence of 1 mg/kg NK2 receptor antagonist L 659877 or 20 microg/kg potassium channel blocker iberiotoxin, suggesting the epinastine was acting on a neurokinin- and potassium channel-mediated mechanism. Epinastine has other modes of action apart from its antihistamine activity that may be relevant to its use in asthma.
Integrated In <sub>0.53</sub> Ga <sub>0.47</sub> As <i>p-i-n</i> f.e.t. photoreceiver (1980)

The first operation of an integrated p-i-n-photodiode/f.e.t.-amplifier on a single wafer of In0.53Ga0.47As grown lattice matched to an InP substrate is reported.
Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol using potassium bicarbonate as catalyst in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Abstract The improved one-pot synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol from propylene oxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, and methanol with potassium bicarbonate as the catalyst has been reported in this paper. As far as we know, it is the first time to use potassium bicarbonate only as the catalyst in the production process which is simple and cheap. Satisfactory conversion rate of propylene oxide and yield of the products could be achieved at the optimized conditions with quite a small amount of by-products. Our new method offers an attractive choice for the production of dimethyl carbonate in large-scale industry efficiently and environmental friendly.
Periselective intramolecular cycloaddition of allenyl thioethers and allenyl sulfones (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeriselective intramolecular cycloaddition of allenyl thioethers and allenyl sulfonesSin-Koo Yeo, Motoo Shiro, and Ken KanematsuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 7, 1621–1632Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00086a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00086a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Analysis of Diamine-Catalyzed RNA Hydrolysis (1997)

The catalysis of various amines for the hydrolysis of RNA has been kinetically investigated, and the catalytic rate constants for each of the ionic states of these amines are determined. Ethylenediamine and 1,3-propanediamine are highly active under the physiological conditions, mainly because they preferentially take the catalytically active monocationic forms. The catalysis of these diamines is further promoted by the intramolecular acid-base cooperation of the neutral amine and the ammonium ion. In contrast, monoamines overwhelmingly exist at pH 7 as the inactive cations. Potential application of the catalysis by the diamines and the related oligoamines is discussed.
Complications of ureteroscopy. (1989)

L'ureteropyeloscopie permet de visualiser l'arbre urinaire dans sa totalite; elle necessite un operateur entraine. Les phases delicates sont au nombre de 4: canulation de l'uretere, avec utilisation de guides, dilatation de l'uretere intramural, manipulations dans l'uretere, manipulations de calculs. Les complications, de l'abrasion muqueuse a l'avulsion total de l'uretere, se produisent dans 9 a 20% des cas si l'on y inclut la fievre et la douleur. Des complications majeures surviennent dans 2% des cas. Il est necessaire de maintenir une surveillance apres la realisation de l'ureteroscopie, car les complications peuvent se reveler dans un second temps
Service Interaction Modeling: Bridging Global and Local Views (2006)

In a service-oriented architecture (SOA), a system is viewed as a collection of independent units (services) that interact with one another through message exchanges. Established languages such as the Web services description language and the business process execution language allow developers to capture the interactions in which an individual service can engage, both from a structural and from a behavioral perspective. However, in large service-oriented systems, stakeholders may require a global picture of the way services interact with each other, rather than multiple small pictures focusing on individual services. Such "global models" are especially useful when a set of services interact in such a way that none of them sees all messages being exchanged, yet interactions taking place between some services affect the way other services interact. An issue that arises when dealing with global models of service interactions is that these models may capture behavioral constraints that can not be enforced locally. In other words, some global models may not be translatable into a collection of local models such that the sum of the local models equals the original global model. Starting from a previously proposed language for global modeling of service interactions, this paper defines an algorithm for determining if a global model is locally enforceable and an algorithm for generating local models from global ones
Inference of Plant Diseases from Leaf Images through Deep Learning (2016)

Crop diseases are a major threat to food security, but their rapid identification remains difficult in many parts of the world due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure. The combination of increasing global smartphone penetration and recent advances in computer vision made possible by deep learning has paved the way for smartphone-assisted disease diagnosis. Using a public dataset of 54,306 images of diseased and healthy plant leaves collected under controlled conditions, we train a deep convolutional neural network to identify 14 crop species and 26 diseases (or absence thereof). The trained model achieves an accuracy of 99.35% on a held-out test set, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. When testing the model on a set of images collected from trusted online sources - i.e. taken under conditions different from the images used for training - the model still achieves an accuracy of 31.4%. While this accuracy is much higher than the one based on random selection (2.6%), a more diverse set of training data is needed to improve the general accuracy. Overall, the approach of training deep learning models on increasingly large and publicly available image datasets presents a clear path towards smartphone-assisted crop disease diagnosis on a massive global scale.