gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of self-adaptive software (2002)

Embedded applications are constantly being pushed toward achieving autonomy, allowing them to function reliably in all circumstances and under extreme design constraints. Our approach to embedded systems introduces a feedback loop characterizing adaptive systems: the adaptation mechanism monitors system performance and changes the structure accordingly to optimize performance. These self-adaptive systems can be designed and implemented using model-integrated computing. To represent dynamic software architectures, the system is modeled in a generative manner. Here, the components of the architecture are prepared, but their number and connectivity patterns are not fully defined at design time. Instead, an algorithmic description and architectural parameters are provided that specify how the architecture could be generated "on-the-fly". These design-time models are then embedded in the run-time system along with generators that configure/reconfigure the system by changing certain architectural parameters.
[Prevention of risk of cross-infection through the respiratory system during anesthesia]. (2001)

The authors present a modern concept of prevention of cross contamination during forced ventilation of the lungs in the course of total anesthesia and operation. The optimal complex of measures of individual protection of a patient includes hygienic measures, use of sterile respiratory systems (better disposable), obligatory use of respiratory filters between the intubation tube and T-piece of the narcosis and respiration device; hydrophobic folded membrane filters should be preferred. Studies carried out at Anesthesiology Department of Research Center of Surgery of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences indicate that BB 22-15 filters (Pall Corporation) reliably protect patients from cross-contamination realized through respiratory gases and biological fluids (blood, saliva, condensate) and save heat and humor. Hydrophobic folded membrane filter BB 22-15 is highly effective, which recommends it for wide use.
Fertilization of celery: Adequate supply of nitrogen required for best yields (1948)

Proper fertilization is more essential for celery than for any other vegetable crop grown in California, and no other vegetable crop gives as large returns on the investment in fertilizer.
Comparison of Heterogeneous Catalyst Activities in Various Reactor Types and Reaction Conditions (2006)

A comprehensive reactor analysis package is provided that will enable more accurate comparison of catalyst activity in various reactor types and reaction conditions. Conservation of mass was applied to formulate the performance equations for catalytic batch, plug flow, continuous stirred tank, and pulse reactors. The weight hourly space velocity was correlated with the conversion and the reaction rate in many integral forms. The apparent reaction rate constant can be obtained from kinetic data for each reactor type.
The classification of prostaglandin DP‐receptors in platelets and vasculature using BW A868C, a novel, selective and potent competitive antagonist (1989)

1. BW A868C, a novel compound, behaved as a simple competitive antagonist in a human washed platelet aggregation assay. Anti-aggregatory concentration-effect curves to BW 245C were displaced in a parallel manner. The shifts accorded with a Schild plot slope of unity and a pKB of 9.26. 2. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was antagonized with a similar potency, as were the relaxation effects of BW 245C and PGD2 in the rabbit jugular vein. BW A868C can, therefore, be classified as a DP-receptor antagonist. 3. Actions of BW A868C at other prostaglandin receptors (IP, EP1, EP2, TP and FP) were excluded at concentrations up to 1,000 times higher than the DP-receptor affinity. 4. Analyses of BW 245C- and PGD2-mediated effects were complicated by additional agonist receptor interactions which were revealed by BW A868C. In rabbit jugular vein a resistant phase of agonism was detectable, indicating that both agonists exerted effects through another receptor (possibly EP2). Also, PGD2, in addition to its anti-aggregatory effect on platelets, demonstrated a pro-aggregatory action in the presence of BW A868C. 5. The contractile effects of PGD2 in guinea-pig tracheal strips were resistant to 10 microM BW A868C indicating that they were not mediated through DP-receptors. 6. To our knowledge this is the first account of a well-classified competitive antagonist at the DP-receptor. Its potency and selectivity make it an important new tool in prostanoid receptor classification and identification.
<sup>6</sup>Li MAS NMR Studies of the Local Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Cr-doped Lithium Manganese and Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2002)

6Li magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy has been used to probe the lithium local environments in a series of layered compounds, Cr-doped LiCoO2, Co-doped LiCrO2, Cr-doped LiMnO2, and the Li-rich material Li[Li0.2Cr0.4Mn0.4]O2. A series of resonances are seen for LiCrxCo1-xO2 due to Cr3+ occupancy of the first and second cation coordination sphere surrounding Li. The shifts, which are caused by a transferred hyperfine interaction, differ in size and sign, depending on the Li−O−Cr bond angle. The shift of LiCrO2 cannot be directly extrapolated from those measured in the magnetically dilute Cr3+-doped LiCoO2 compounds, and remains constant with temperature (from room to 283 °C). This behavior is ascribed to the strong antiferromagnetic couplings that exist in LiCrO2. The behavior of Cr3+-doped layered LiMn(III)O2 is qualitatively similar to that of Co3+-doped LiCrO2, both compounds showing additional resonances caused by the dopant cations. Dramatically different NMR spectra are seen for Li[Li0.2Cr0.4Mn0.4]O2. A series of sharper and broader resonances are observed, which are assigned to Li2MnO3-like and Mn4+-doped LiCrO2 regions or domains in the solid, respectively. Lithium is found in the transition metal layers in the Li2MnO3 regions of the solid, the concentration of Li in the layers decreasing substantially in the Cr-rich regions. Electrochemical deintercalation shows that the chromium-rich areas are oxidized initially, lithium local environments containing progressively more Mn4+ being deintercalated as the potential increases. By 4.4 V, only the Li2MnO3 regions in the solid and lithium local environments such as Li(OMn4+)3(OCr)(OLi)2 remain.
Growth of YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> single crystals (1987)

We report a set of conditions for crystal growth of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3Ox. The as-grown single crystals have critical temperatures up to 85 K. Preliminary studies have shown that the transition temperatures can be increased by thermal annealing in oxygen, as in ceramic samples. The crystals are in suitable dimensions for definitive magnetic, optical, and transport measurements.
A search for good convolutional codes to be used in the construction of turbo codes (1998)

Recursive systematic convolutional encoders have been shown to play a crucial role in the design of turbo codes. We recall some properties of binary convolutional encoders and apply them to a search for good constituent convolutional codes of turbo codes. Tables of the "best" recursive systematic convolutional encoders found are presented for various rates, together with the average bit-error probability performances of some turbo codes using them.
Acute Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Acetate in Men (1988)

We studied the potential contribution of acetate to the cardiovascular effects of ethanol in 12 healthy male volunteers. Sodium acetate, or sodium chloride in control experiments, was infused i.v. at the rate of 0.033 mEq/kg/min for 60 min. Left ventricular function was examined by M-mode echocardiography and systolic time intervals during infusion and for 60 min thereafter. Blood acetate rose during infusion from 0.19 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM) to a maximum of 0.99 +/- 0.08 mmol/liter. Changes in serum free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies indicate that acetate inhibited peripheral lipolysis. The volume of urine excreted during the acetate experiment (305 +/- 37 ml) was significantly larger (p less than 0.01) than during the chloride experiment (181 +/- 21 ml). Left ventricular function did not differ between the experiments during the infusions even though at 45 min heart rate was increased by acetate (7%; p less than 0.01, between infusions). After the infusion period, at 75 min the treatment by acetate increased cardiac output from the baseline by 17% (p less than 0.05, between infusions), and decreased peripheral arterial resistance (19%, p less than 0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (10%, p less than 0.01). Circumferential fiber shortening velocity was increased during the acetate experiment maximally by 7% (p less than 0.01) from the baseline at 120 min. These data indicate that acetate is an arterial vasodilator and a mild diuretic and may slightly improve myocardial performance in the concentrations encountered during ethanol metabolism in men.
Some properties of nonbinary error-correcting codes (1958)

An error-correcting code may be thought of as a subset <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S_0</tex> of points belonging to a set <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> in which a metric is defined such that the distance between every pair of distinct points of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S_0</tex> is larger than some given number. In Hamming's original formulation, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> was taken to be the set of all <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^n</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -bit binary numbers and the distance between a pair of binary numbers <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</tex> was taken to be the number of bits of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> which do not agree with the corresponding bits of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</tex> . In this note we shall take <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> to be the set of all <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -tuples in which each coordinate of an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -tuple can assume one of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> integral values: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0, 1, \cdots, k - 1</tex> , with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k \geqq 2</tex> . Properties of these nonbinary codes will be discussed.
Initiation, Establishment, and Maintenance of Heritable MuDR Transposon Silencing in Maize Are Mediated by Distinct Factors (2006)

Paramutation and transposon silencing are two epigenetic phenomena that have intrigued and puzzled geneticists for decades. Each involves heritable changes in gene activity without changes in DNA sequence. Here we report the cloning of a gene whose activity is required for the maintenance of both silenced transposons and paramutated color genes in maize. We show that this gene, Mop1 (Mediator of paramutation1) codes for a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, whose activity is required for the production of small RNAs that correspond to the MuDR transposon sequence. We also demonstrate that although Mop1 is required to maintain MuDR methylation and silencing, it is not required for the initiation of heritable silencing. In contrast, we present evidence that a reduction in the transcript level of a maize homolog of the nucleosome assembly protein 1 histone chaperone can reduce the heritability of MuDR silencing. Together, these data suggest that the establishment and maintenance of MuDR silencing have distinct requirements.
Prioritizing hits from phenotypic high-content screens. (2008)

In the past decade, advances in the field of high-content screening (HCS) have provided researchers with a powerful new screening tool to observe treatment effects on multiple experimental parameters. While extremely useful, HCS has resulted in the collection of large datasets of increased complexity that require intensive analysis. Recently, approaches have been developed to analyze multi-parametric HCS data more completely and, when used in conjunction with RNA interference, target-based biochemistry and structural analysis, these approaches have begun to unlock the potential of this screening format in aiding drug discovery. This review illustrates how the combination of these technologies has been used to successfully drive the drug discovery process.
Stem cells and skin regeneration (2011)

Stem cells represent a great hope for regenerative medicine. In adult life, stem cell deposits are kept in organ niches; the need for tissue or organ regeneration mobilizes stem cells via the SDF-1-CXCR4 regulation axis. Constant regeneration of the skin is achieved due to stem cell differentiation within the epidermis and the hair follicle; thus, skin may serve as an excellent source of stem cells. This is of paramount importance in the treatment of chronic skin wounds and burns.
Smart Multimedia Meeting Information Retrieval for Teaching and Learning Activities (2006)

Abstract: Based on the fact that face-to-face and virtual meetings in organizational units increasingly take place in today’s business processes, it is not surprising that a lot of valuable information is generated during such events. Further, meeting information can be a valuable knowledge source for teaching and learning activities, e.g. it can support trainers and teachers in identifying emerging topics for vocational trainings and for the provision of illustrative real-life examples. Indeed, staff members and learners get access to this helpful information in order to solve problems and improve their skills. However, there is still a gap in order to integrate meeting information into teaching and learning activities. In order to overcome this problem, this paper focuses on smart meeting information retrieval supporting teaching and learning purposes in companies and research institutions.
Generation and Analysis of Novel Plant-Derived Antibody-Based Therapeutic Molecules against West Nile Virus (2014)

Previously, our group engineered a plant-derived monoclonal antibody (MAb) (pHu-E16) that efficiently treated West Nile virus (WNV) infection in mice. In this study, we developed several pHu-E16 variants to improve its efficacy. These variants included a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of pHu-E16 fused to the heavy chain (HC) constant domains (CH(1-3)) of human IgG (pHu-E16scFv-CH(1-3)) and a tetravalent molecule (Tetra pHu-E16) assembled from pHu-E16scFv-CH(1-3) with a second pHu-E16scFv fused to the light chain (LC) constant region. pHu-E16scFv-CH(1-3) and Tetra pHu-E16 were efficiently expressed and assembled in plants. To assess the impact of differences in N-linked glycosylation on pHu-E16 variant assembly and function, we expressed additional pHu-E16 variants with various combinations of HC and LC components. Our study revealed that proper pairing of HC and LC was essential for the complete N-glycan processing of antibodies in both plant and animal cells. Associated with their distinct N-glycoforms, pHu-E16, pHu-E16scFv-CH(1-3) and Tetra pHu-E16 exhibited differential binding to C1q and specific Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Notably, none of the plant-derived Hu-E16 variants showed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity in CD32A+ human cells, suggesting the potential of plant-produced antibodies to minimize the adverse effect of ADE. Importantly, all plant-derived MAb variants exhibited at least equivalent in vitro neutralization and in vivo protection in mice compared to mammalian cell-produced Hu-E16. This study demonstrates the capacity of plants to express and assemble a large, complex and functional IgG-like tetravalent mAb variant and also provides insight into the relationship between MAb N-glycosylation, FcγR and C1q binding, and ADE. These new insights may allow the development of safer and cost effective MAb-based therapeutics for flaviviruses, and possibly other pathogens.
Some relations among stochastic finite state networks used in automatic speech recognition (1990)

In the literature on automatic speech recognition, the popular hidden Markov models (HMMs), left-to-right hidden Markov models (LRHMMs), Markov source models (MSMs), and stochastic regular grammars (SRGs) are often proposed as equivalent models. However, no formal relations seem to have been established among these models to date. A study of these relations within the framework of formal language theory is presented. The main conclusion is that not all of these models are equivalent, except certain types of hidden Markov models with observation probability distribution in the transitions, and stochastic regular grammar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Co-deposited films of rod-like conjugated molecules (2009)

In dieser Arbeit wird die Phasenseparation und Mischung zwischen konjugierten Stäb-chenmolekülen in dünnen Filmen untersucht. Hauptaugenmerk liegt darauf zu ergrün-den welche molekularen Eigenschaften zu Mischung und/ oder Phasenseparation füh-ren. Mit den 5 Molekülen Pentacen (PEN), Quaterthiophen (4T), Sexithiophen (6T), p-Sexiphenylen (6P), alpha,omega-Dihexylsexithiophen (DH6T) werden Materialpaare zusammen gestellt, die sich in den Parametern „optische und elektrische Eigenschaf-ten“, „Länge des konjugierten Kerns“ und Alkylkettensubstitution unterscheiden. Alle Schichten werden mittels organischer Molekularstrahlabscheidung auf die Substrate Siliziumoxid und Mylar, einer PET Folie, simultan von zwei Quellen aufgedampft. Das Mischungsverhältnis wird mittels der individuellen Aufdampfraten eingestellt und eine Gesamtrate von 0.5 nm/min eingehalten. Es wird Phasenseparation für Materialpaare mit ungleicher konjugierter Kernlänge, z.B. [4T/6T], beobachtet. Erstaunlicherweise führt die Co-Verdampfung von Molekülpaaren mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge [4T/PEN] und [6T/6P] zu wohlgeordneten Fil-men, in denen die Moleküle in gemischten Lagen parallel zur Substratoberfläche auf-wachsen und die Längsachse der Moleküle fast senkrecht zur Substratoberfläche orien-tiert ist. Molekülpaare mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge und Alkylsubstitution [6T/DH6T] und [6P/DH6T] zeigten ebenfalls geordneten Schichten, wobei als Besonderheit eine lineare Abhängigkeit des Lagenabstandes vom DH6T-Gehalt zu beobachten ist. Dies wird mit einer Phasenseparation in eine aromatische und eine alkyl Domäne erklärt. Mit abnehmendem DH6T-Gehalt im Film ist die Alkyldomäne weniger dicht gepackt, was auf Grund der Flexibilität der Alkylketten zu einer Abnahme des gesamten Lagenab-standes führt. Die besonders geringe Oberflächenrauhigkeit und die miteinander verbundenen Inseln der [DH6T/6T] Filme prädestinieren sie zur Verwendung in Feldeffekttransistoren. Es wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, die Ladungsträgerdichte im Kanal durch Änderung des Verhältnisses zwischen DH6T und 6T so zu verändern, dass der Transistor im Verar-mungs- oder Anreicherungsregime betrieben werden kann. Dabei bleibt die Ladungsträ-germobilität auf gleich bleibend hohem Niveau. Dies entspricht dem Dotieren eines anorganischen Halbleiters.
Cooperative adaptive cruise control, design and experiments (2010)

The design of a CACC system and corresponding experiments are presented. The design targets string stable system behavior, which is assessed using a frequency-domain-based approach. Following this approach, it is shown that the available wireless information enables small inter-vehicle distances, while maintaining string stable behavior. The theoretical results are validated by experiments with two CACC-equipped vehicles. Measurement results showing string stable as well as string unstable behavior are discussed.
Determination of Naphthenic Acids in Crude Oils Using Nonaqueous Ion Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction (2000)

A method is presented for the routine, rapid, and quantitative analysis of aliphatic and naphthenic acids in crude oils, based on their isolation using nonaqueous ion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. The isolated acid fractions are methylated and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The method is effective on both light and heavy oils and is capable of providing mechanistic information of geochemical significance on the origin of the acids in the oils. Analysis of oils that were solvent extracted from laboratory and field mesocosm marine sediment oil degradation studies indicate that this new method of analyzing the products of hydrocarbon biodegradation may be a useful tool for monitoring the progress of bioremediation of oil spills in the environment.
Type I IFNs Inhibit Human Dendritic Cell IL-12 Production and Th1 Cell Development (1998)

We have investigated the role of type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and -beta) in human T cell differentiation using anti-CD3 mAb and allogeneic, in vitro-derived dendritic cells (DC) as APCs. DC were very efficient activators of naive CD4+ T cells, providing necessary costimulation and soluble factors to support Th1 differentiation and expansion. Addition of IFN-alphabeta to DC/T cell cultures resulted in induction of T cell IL-10 production and inhibition of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and LT secretion. Diminished T cell IFN-gamma production correlated with IFN-alphabeta-mediated inhibition of the p40 chain of the IL-12 heterodimer secreted by DC. Suppression of p40 IL-12 and IFN-gamma was not due to increased levels of IL-10 in these cultures, and production of IFN-gamma could be restored by exogenous IL-12. These data indicate that type I IFNs inhibit DC p40 IL-12 expression, which is required for development of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, when T cells were restimulated without IFN-beta, these cells induced less p40 IL-12 from DC, suggesting that the functional properties of T cells may regulate DC function. Thus, IFN-alphabeta inhibits both IL-12-dependent and independent Th1 cytokine production and provides a mechanism for inhibition of IL-12-mediated immunity in viral infections.