gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threonine Overproduction in Yeast Strains Carrying the <i>HOM3-R2</i> Mutant Allele under the Control of Different Inducible Promoters (1999)

The HOM3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for aspartate kinase, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of the metabolic flux that leads to threonine biosynthesis. With the aim of obtaining yeast strains able to overproduce threonine in a controlled way, we have placed the HOM3-R2 mutant allele, which causes expression of a feedback-insensitive enzyme, under the control of four distinctive regulatable yeast promoters, namely, PGAL1, PCHA1, PCYC1-HSE2, and PGPH1. The amino acid contents of strains bearing the different constructs were analyzed both under repression and induction conditions. Although some differences in overall threonine production were found, a maximum of around 400 nmol/mg (dry weight) was observed. Other factors, such as excretion to the medium and activity of the catabolic threonine/serine deaminase, also affect threonine accumulation. Thus, improvement of threonine productivity by yeast cells would probably require manipulation of these and other factors.
Characterization of several leukemia‐associated antigens inducing humoral immune responses in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (2003)

To design a specific immunotherapy for leukemia patients, the identification of leukemia-associated antigens (LAAs) is a pivotal step. Antileukemic effects after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation for myeloid leukemias are observed and might be related to the recognition of LAAs. Using the serological screening of an expression library (SEREX) of K562 cells, we identified 16 different clones encoding LAAs eliciting a humoral immune response, among them the heat shock proteins HSJ2 and HSP70, the M-phase phosphoprotein 11 (MPP11), the BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP), the Jkappa recombination binding protein (RBPJkappa) and the receptor for hyaluronic acid mediated motility (RHAMM). Serological responses to MPP11 were observed in 7/19 (37%) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 6/16 (38%) of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but not in healthy volunteers (0/20). IgG antibodies directed against MPP11 were also detected in 25-50% of the sera of patients with solid tumors such as melanoma, renal cell, ovarian and breast carcinoma. mRNA expression of MPP11 was detected in 20/20 AML patients and 7/10 patients with CML. In normal tissues, strong mRNA expression of MPP11 was only detected in testis. By real-time PCR, we detected upregulation of MPP11 in leukemic blasts. Simultaneous humoral immune responses to 2 or more of the 16 LAAs identified here was observed, suggesting the feasibility of a polyvalent vaccination as an option for immunotherapies in leukemia patients.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 38.5-kilobase-pair region of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 encoding human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene homologs and transactivating functions (1994)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is prevalent in the human population, with primary infection occurring early in life. Its predominant CD4+ T-lymphocyte tropism, its ability to activate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in vitro, and its upregulation of CD4 expression has led to speculation that HHV-6 may act as a positive cofactor in the progression of HIV infection to AIDS in individuals infected with both viruses. Previous sequencing studies of restricted regions of the 161.5-kbp genome of HHV-6 have demonstrated unequivocally that it is a member of the betaherpesvirus subgroup and have indicated that the HHV-6 genome is generally collinear with the unique long (UL) component of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In the work described in this report we have extended these sequencing studies by determining the primary structure of 38.5-kbp of the HHV-6 genome (genomic position 21.0 to 59.5 kbp). Within the sequenced region lie 31 open reading frames, 20 of which are homologous to positional counterparts in HCMV. Of particular significance is the identification of homologs of the HCMV UL36-38 and US22-type genes, which have been shown to encode transactivating proteins. We show that DNA sequences encoding these HHV-6 homologs were able to transactivate HIV-1 long terminal repeat-directed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in cotransfection assays, thus demonstrating functional as well as structural conservation of these betaherpesvirus-specific gene products. Our data therefore confirm the close relationship between HHV-6 and HCMV and identify putative immediate-early regulatory genes of HHV-6 likely to play key roles in lytic replication and possibly also in the interactions between HHV-6 and HIV in dually infected cells.
The use of a representation agent as a solution to wireless drawbacks: application in the context of smart cards (2002)

All data related to individuals are most of the time personal and consequently sensitive especially in information systems. Ensuring a strong level of security by protecting this data is a major concern. One solution is the use of smart cards. Access to data stored in chip cards are controlled by a small microprocessor embedded in the card. The overall amount of information contained in smart cards defines a large and specific distributed information system. One the characteristics of this typical system is that the data contained in the card is not always reachable as the card is not often connected to an on-line network. Accessing the data and services provided by smart cards remains a serious issue in smart card based systems. This paper presents the main advantages of using smart cards and also examines a number of drawbacks. A distributed architecture is then proposed. Finally, security and fault-tolerant strategies to ensure the correct working of the system are described.
Spatial regularization of the electrocardiographic inverse problem and its application to endocardial mapping (2000)

Numeric regularization methods for solving the inverse problem of electrocardiography in realistic volume conductor models have been mostly limited to uniform regularization in the spatial domain. A method of spatial regularization (SR) was developed and tested in canine, where each spatial spectral component of the volume conductor model was considered separately, and a SR operator was selected based on explicit a posteriori criterion at each time instant through the heartbeat. The inverse problem was solved in the left ventricle by reconstructing endocardial surface electrograms based on cavitary electrograms measured with the use of a noncontact, multielectrode probe. The results were validated based on electrograms measured in situ at the same endocardial locations using an integrated, multielectrode basket-catheter. A probe-endocardium three-dimensional model was determined from multiplane fluoroscopic images. The boundary element method was applied to solve the boundary value problem and derive the relationship between endocardial and probe potentials. Endocardial electrograms were reconstructed during both normal and paced rhythms using SR as well as standard, uniform, zeroth-order Tikhonov (ZOT) regularization. Compared to endocardial electrograms measured by the basket, electrograms reconstructed using SR [relative error (RE) = 0.32, correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.97, activation error = 3.3 ms] were superior to electrograms reconstructed using ZOT regularization (RE = 0.59, CC = 0.79, activation error = 4.9 ms). Therefore, regularization based on spatial spectral components of the model improves the solution of the inverse problem of electrocardiography compared to uniform regularization.
Beamforming a bent array (2004)

A good choice of reference axis was described for beamforming a bent towed array when the number of beams and their steering angles were optimized for the linear geometry. It was found that in such a system, the signal processing algorithms and display layouts must be designed to handle the changing array shape without human intervention. Issues such as defining the number of beams and their steering angles as well as their reference line from which the angles were measured was also described. The results show that the use of an appropriate reference axis could reduce the loss in detection coverage that results from scalloping.
SIR estimation in CDMA cellular systems using subspace tracking (2002)

Several radio resource management algorithms such as power control and handoff use the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) as a control parameter. We address the problem on how to obtain fast and accurate measurements of this quantity in the context of a time varying channel. We develop, a subspace based SIR tracking algorithm for CDMA cellular systems. Analysis and simulation results for an IS-95 like system show that the SIR can be estimated to within 80 percent of the actual SIR after less than 7 frames, or within 90 percent of the actual SIR after less than 15 frames.
A survey of speech-hand gesture recognition for the development of multimodal interfaces in computer games (2010)

Hand gestures and speech constitute one of the most important modalities in human-to-human communication. The investigation of this phenomenon has been the focus of research about multimodal interfaces for speech and hand gesture recognition in human computer interaction(HCI). Computer games, as one of the most popular application areas of HCI, are likely to make use of this technology. Integration of speech and gesture in computer games make game play more enjoyable. This article does not intend to cover exhaustively all the issues related to multimodal interface creation in computer games. We primarily discuss some of the key issues related to multimodal interfaces for speech and hand gesture recognition and present a survey of current approaches to overcome the problems faced in this area.
Your role in endovascular surgical neuroradiology (2009)

In Brief Surgery meets radiology in this technique that can be used to treat brain and spinal cord diseases and tumors.
Movies from music (1979)

A theory of music visualization proposed by Nancy Herman postulates an association between colors and pitches of musical scales. A color raster graphics display is used to generate images of notes, chords, and chord progressions based on this theory. Temporal adjacency of notes or chords is mapped to spatial adjacency of colors, usually in a concentric pattern of squares or circles. By varying certain image parameters, different “brush stroke” effects may be obtained. Illustrations of several computer generated “musical paintings” are included, along with some original paintings for comparison.
Steep-fronted switching voltage transients and their distribution in motor windings. Part 2: Distribution of steep-fronted switching voltage transients in motor windings (1982)

Severe interturn insulation stresses may be produced in motor windings by steep-fronted switching voltage transients. To evaluate the severity of such stresses, transient-voltage distribution tests must be carried out under conditions closely simulating those obtained in service. In a complementary paper, system tests were described which were carried out to determine the characteristics of the transients produced by circuit-breaker closure operations. The steepness and magnitude of the transients were determined and the system parameters defining them evaluated. Based on this information, a series of interturn voltage distribution tests were carried out on a motor winding under conditions closely simulating practical system conditions. From these tests, the magnitude of the interturn voltages in the winding, produced by normal switching operations, were estimated and shown to be severe. The effect that system parameters, external to the motor winding, and also the use of series inductors or shunt capacitors used as surge-protection devices, have on the voltage distribution are also studied. Impulse voltage tests to breakdown were undertaken on a number of the motor coils and the breakdown levels shown to be only marginally above the transient levels produced by normal switching operations. The impulse voltage wave used for these tests was closely correlated to that which might be produced by steep-fronted switching transients.
Expanded use of a battery-powered two-electrode emitter cell for electrospray mass spectrometry (2006)

A battery-powered, controlled-current, two-electrode electrochemical cell containing a porous flow-through working electrode with high surface area and multiple auxiliary electrodes with small total surface area was incorporated into the electrospray emitter circuit to control the electrochemical reactions of analytes in the electrospray emitter. This cell system provided the ability to control the extent of analyte oxidation in positive ion mode in the electrospray emitter by simply setting the magnitude and polarity of the current at the working electrode. In addition, this cell provided the ability to effectively reduce analytes in positive ion mode and oxidize analytes in negative ion mode. The small size, economics, and ease of use of such a battery-powered controlled-current emitter cell was demonstrated by powering a single resistor and switch circuit with a small-size, 3 V watch battery, all of which might be incorporated on the emitter cell.
An Erythromycin Derivative Produced by Targeted Gene Disruption in <i>Saccharopolyspora erythraea</i> (1991)

Derivatives of erythromycin with modifications at their C-6 position are generally sought for their increased stability at acid pH, which in turn may confer improved pharmacological properties. A recombinant mutant of the erythromycin-producing bacterium, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, produced an erythromycin derivative, 6-deoxyerythromycin A, that could not be obtained readily by chemical synthesis. This product resulted from targeted disruption of the gene, designated eryF (systematic nomenclature, CYP107), that apparently codes for the cytochrome P450, 6-deoxyerythronolide B (DEB) hydroxylase, which converts DEB to erythronolide B (EB). Enzymes normally acting on EB can process the alternative substrate DEB to form the biologically active erythromycin derivative lacking the C-6 hydroxyl group.
Context-dependent signal integration by the GLI code: The oncogenic load, pathways, modifiers and implications for cancer therapy (2014)

Canonical Hedgehog (HH) signaling leads to the regulation of the GLI code: the sum of all positive and negative functions of all GLI proteins. In humans, the three GLI factors encode context-dependent activities with GLI1 being mostly an activator and GLI3 often a repressor. Modulation of GLI activity occurs at multiple levels, including by co-factors and by direct modification of GLI structure. Surprisingly, the GLI proteins, and thus the GLI code, is also regulated by multiple inputs beyond HH signaling. In normal development and homeostasis these include a multitude of signaling pathways that regulate proto-oncogenes, which boost positive GLI function, as well as tumor suppressors, which restrict positive GLI activity. In cancer, the acquisition of oncogenic mutations and the loss of tumor suppressors - the oncogenic load - regulates the GLI code toward progressively more activating states. The fine and reversible balance of GLI activating GLI(A) and GLI repressing GLI(R) states is lost in cancer. Here, the acquisition of GLI(A) levels above a given threshold is predicted to lead to advanced malignant stages. In this review we highlight the concepts of the GLI code, the oncogenic load, the context-dependency of GLI action, and different modes of signaling integration such as that of HH and EGF. Targeting the GLI code directly or indirectly promises therapeutic benefits beyond the direct blockade of individual pathways.
Does medical treatment of lymphedema act by increasing lymph flow? (1989)

The lymphatic origin of chronic edema of the lower limbs was identified by lymphoscintigraphic exploration. Patients underwent therapy involving 8 days of manual lymph drainage combined with elevation of the limbs during rest periods and double compression bandaging. Manual drainage increased lymph flow in 16 limbs, implying that the edema resulted from a functional lymphatic anomaly. In contrast, manual drainage did not increase lymph flow in 9 limbs, suggesting a structural anomaly of the lymphatics. Hence, the same clinical picture corresponded to two different lymphatic anomalies, distinguished by lymphoscintigraphy. However, the therapeutic results were independent of the lymphoscintigraphic results. Increased lymph flow is therefore not the only explanation for the decrease in edema during therapy.
[Investigation of the in vitro antioxidant effect of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A. W. Hill]. (1998)

Free radical reactions have excited excessive research in the past two decades. Since then it has been proven that these mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of certain diseases and aging. Many synthetic antioxidant components have shown toxic and/or mutagenic effects, which have directed most of the attention on the naturally occurring antioxidants. Their use has mainly centered around prevention, and the maintenance of health. Parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A. W. Hill belonging to the Apiaceae family, is a well-known spice and vegetable. Its herb and root are widely known for their effects on digestion, stomach, kidney, blood, and liver. The essential oil obtained from the fruit has also strong action on the central nervous system. Characteristic constituents are: flavonoids (apiin, luteolin-, apigenin-glycosides), essential oil (apiol, miriszticin), cumarines, (bergapten, imperatorin) and vitamin C. In our experimental work, various extracts prepared from different vegetative organs of parsley have been investigated. The chemical composition of the extracts and fractions were analyzed by chromatographic (GC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (UV, UV-VIS) techniques. We intended to provide evidence for the antioxidant activity of vegetable drugs and also studied the free radical scavenger activities by means of spectrophotometry (H-donor activity, reducing capability, chelat formation) and chemiluminometry. To prove the free radical scavenging effect of the extracts, the reduced intensity of the H2O2/.OH-isoluminol, microperoxidase system was studied in vitro. The highest correlation was found between the chemical property and the antioxidant effect of the flavonoid rich samples. At the same time it was also observed that the essential oil plays a significant role in the scavenging effect as well. More experiments are in progress to study the most promising compounds in the vegetative and generative organs of parsley.
Biosynthesis and surface expression of T8 by peripheral blood T4+ cells in vitro. (1986)

Biosynthetic labeling with 35S-methionine and 35S-cysteine of isolated T4+ cells from Con A-activated T cells demonstrated that the T8 antigen was synthesized by activated T4+ cells. Two-color fluorescence analysis of the activated T cell population from which the T4+ fraction was obtained showed that both T4+T8- and T4+T8+ cells were present. The T8 antigen that was immunoprecipitated by monoclonal anti-T8 from activated T4+ cells migrated with an electrophoretic mobility corresponding to an m.w. of approximately 33,000, a previously reported m.w. value for T8 antigen. Con A activation of highly purified peripheral T4+T8- and T8+T4- subsets indicated that both T4+T8- and T8+T4- cells can give rise to T4+T8+ cells. However, substantial T4, T8 coexpression by T4+T8- cells required a signal from T8+T4- cells which could be supplied by incubating T4+T8- cells with irradiated T8+ cells or the supernatant from Con A-activated T8+T4- cells. The generation of T4+T8+ cells from a subset of T4+T8- T cells may be an important mechanism in immune activation and/or the further differentiation of peripheral T4+ cells.
A complementary heterostructure field effect transistor technology based on InAs/AlSb/GaSb (1990)

A complementary heterojunction field effect transistor technology based on the InAs/AlSb/GaSb system is proposed. The structure is formed by the vertical integration of InAs n-channel and GaSb p-channel HFET devices. The superior transport properties of electrons in InAs and holes in GaSb and their band offsets to AlSb or AlSbAs yield devices with transconductances much greater than AlGaAs/GaAs n- and p-channel HFETs. It is shown that a complementary circuit fabricated from these devices could provide room-temperature performance up to six times greater than that predicted for AlGaAs/GaAs complementary circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The analysis of digital integrators for test response compaction (1992)

The compaction properties of integrators that could be used in the built-in self-test (BIST) environment instead of linear finite-state-machine-based comparators are studied. Markov chain models are used to provide a quantitative characterization of the compaction scheme in terms of its steady-state behavior as well as its transient properties. It is demonstrated that the asymptotic fault coverage drop depends on the fault injection site, the fault injection probability, and the gain factor. A simple modification of the standard integrator is also proposed in order to improve the quality of compaction. The proposed scheme introduces very small hardware overhead. It is compatible with the width of the data path, and the test can be applied at the normal mode speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorescence and Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Polyphenylene Dendrimers (2003)

The fluorescence of polyphenylene dendrimers and the intramolecular energy transfer in polyphenylene dendrimers containing a perylenediimide core have been investigated in this paper. Polyphenylene dendrimers composed of tens or hundreds of out-of-plane twisted phenyl units exhibit strong fluorescence, with quantum yields ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 depending on the dendrimer generation and its degree of functionality. The fluorescence of polyphenylene dendrimers can be efficiently quenched by the incorporated perylenediimide core, and consequently, a predominant emission from the core has been observed, indicating a very efficient intramolecular energy transfer.