gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential distributed amplifier and oscillator in SiGe BiCMOS using close-packed interleaved on-chip transmission lines (2004)

A monolithic differential distributed amplifier using close-packed, shielded, meandered transmission lines and a delay-matched rotationally symmetric amplifier cell is implemented using a SiGe BiCMOS process with an f/sub T/ of 120 GHz. A broadband differential power gain of 7.5 dB is achieved with a bandwidth of 25 GHz, while consuming 30 mA from a 3.3 V supply. The amplifier can also be configured as a differential oscillator by connecting the input and output pads with wire bonds. This results in an oscillation frequency of 9.2 GHz with a phase noise of -103 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset and single-ended output power of -6 dBm.
The wolf in the cello (1973)

The occurrence of the wolfnote in the cello is shown by direct tonal analysis to be caused by the beating of two equally forced oscillations. The fundamental sinusoidal component of vibration of the string is shown to split at the wolfnote into a pair of oscillations separated by a frequency interval equal to that of the stuttering frequency of the wolfnote. In one of the two cellos investigated, higher partials up to the third are also split into pairs, their separation being the multiple of the harmonic number and the separation of the fundamental pair. Further evidence is obtained to support the interpretation of the wolf as beating between two equal forced vibrations from a frequency analysis of the bowed-string vibration for different stopped string lengths. The frequencies of vibration of the string bear a close resemblance to those obtained in coupled electrical resonant circuits.
Hardware support for memory protection (1982)

This paper is intended to stimulate discussion on the present state of hardware supported capability systems. Interest in such systems grew up in the mid-1960's and since that time information has been published on several different versions. In the opinion of some observers, the software complexity of these systems outweighs the advantage gained. The paper surveys the situation, and endeavors to set out the general features that a hardware supported capability system should possess. An attempt is made to identify the causes of the complexity and to make recommendations for removing them. The arguments for and against the tagging of capabilities are discussed and attention is drawn to a system of semi-tagging previously proposed by the author.
Aging analysis at gate and macro cell level (2010)

Aging, which can be regarded as a time-dependent variability, has until recently not received much attention in the field of electronic design automation. This is changing because increasing reliability costs threaten the continued scaling of ICs. We investigate the impact of aging effects on single combinatorial gates and present methods that help to reduce the reliability costs by accurately analyzing the performance degradation of aged circuits at gate and macro cell level.
Reverberation rejection with a dual-line towed array (1996)

Low-frequency bottom reverberation from explosive sources was measured with a dual-line horizontal towed array during a 1991 system engineering trial. The receiver's parallel line arrays were processed coherently in order to unambiguously resolve the reverberation field in azimuth. Initial beamforming that assumed a straight-and-parallel array configuration led to poor or erroneous ambiguity resolution, suggesting the system was deformed significantly from the assumed shape. In the absence of reliable shape measurement data, the array shape was deduced acoustically using tow ship signals and the direct blast of an explosive source. The estimated shape was then used in a shape-compensated beamformer to produce azimuthally unambiguous estimates of the reverberation field. Backlobe rejection of more than 20 dB was attained for both direct blast and distant reverberation energy.
Phospho‐ΔNp63α regulates <i>AQP3, ALOX12B, CASP14</i> and <i>CLDN1</i> expression through transcription and microRNA modulation (2013)

Cisplatin-induced and ATM-phosphorylated (p)-ΔNp63α regulates the expression of epidermal differentiation and skin barrier regulators (AQP3, CASP14, ALOX12B, and CLDN1) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells by dual transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We found that p-ΔNp63α bound to target gene promoters, and regulated the activity of the tested promoters in vitro. P-ΔNp63α was shown to upregulate miR-185-5p and downregulate let7-5p, which subsequently modulated AQP3, CASP14, ALOX12B and CLDN1 through their respective 3'-untranslated regions. The introduction of miR-185-5p into resistant SCC-11M cells, which are unable to phosphorylate ΔNp63α, render these cells more sensitive to cisplatin treatment. Further studies of the AQP3, CASP14, ALOX12B, and CLDN1 contributions to chemoresistance may assist in developing novel microRNA-based therapies for human SCC.
Introduction to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (2007)

Therapeutic drug monitoring is defined as measuring serum concentrations of a drug in a single or multiple time points in a biological matrix after a dosage. The purpose of therapeutic drug monitoring is to individualize the dosage to achieve maximum efficacy of a drug and at the same time minimize adverse drug reactions. Therapeutic drug monitoring has clinical importance for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, such as various anticonvulsants, cardioactive drugs, theophylline, immunosuppressants, tricyclic antidepressants, antiretroviral drugs, certain antibiotics, and neoplastic drugs. Altered pharmacokinetic parameters are observed for many drugs in disease states including hepatic and renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, and cystic fibrosis. Altered drug disposition also occurs in pregnant women. Therapeutic drug monitoring helps to identify such altered drug disposition, and dosage adjustment can be made for proper management of the patient to avoid adverse reactions. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring is cost effective in heath care.
Sine squared shaping of sync and drive pulses (1990)

Networks for generating or shaping sine-squared synchronizing pulses utilized in television systems are discussed and the reasons for their use are explained. Some tests of a simple shaping network which demonstrate the usefulness of sine-squared shaping are described. The network considered utilizes a delay line, or clocked shift register to allow generation of multiple delay versions of the sync pulse, with weighted summing of the delayed signals to produce the desired shaping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Internalization and rapid recycling of macrophage Fc receptors tagged with monovalent antireceptor antibody: possible role of a prelysosomal compartment. (1984)

Binding and pinocytosis of polyvalent IgG-containing immune complexes by mouse macrophages leads to the selective removal of Fc receptors (FcR) from the cell surface and to the rapid delivery of receptor and ligand to lysosomes, where both are degraded (I. Mellman and H. Plutner, 1984, Journal of Cell Biology, 98:1170-1177). In this paper, we have studied the internalization of FcR tagged with a monovalent probe that, unlike IgG-complexes, cannot cross-link adjacent receptors. We have used an Fab fragment of high affinity anti-FcR monoclonal antibody whose binding was completely sensitive to low pH (4.0) at 4 degrees C. Thus, surface-bound (acid-releasable) and intracellular (acid-resistant) 125I-Fab could be readily distinguished. Incubation of J774 macrophages with 125I-Fab at 37 degrees C did not lead to the accumulation of large amounts of the antibody in the acid-resistant compartment. After 3 h, only 20% of the total cell-associated radiolabel was intracellular. The internalized 125I-Fab was also shown by Percoll gradient centrifugation to be associated primarily with low density endosomes, as opposed to lysosomes. Significantly, most of the labeled antibody returned rapidly to the plasma membrane, still bound to FcR. This recycling was complete within 10 min, was unaffected by NH4Cl, and was only slightly inhibited by the Na+-H+ ionophore monensin. These results indicate that monovalent Fab-FcR complexes are internalized, delivered to endosomes, and rapidly returned to the cell surface. Since the internalization of polyvalent IgG-complexes removed the FcR from this recycling pathway and caused its transport to lysosomes, we suggest that the state of receptor aggregation in the endosome membrane helps determine its intracellular fate.
Primary cilia are highly oriented with respect to collagen direction and long axis of extensor tendon (2009)

Skeletal tissues adapt to their mechanical environments by modulating gene expression, cell metabolism, and extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture; however, the mechanosensory mechanisms for these processes are incompletely understood. Primary cilia have emerged as critical components of the cellular mechanosensory apparatus and have been hypothesized to participate in establishment of cellular and ECM orientation, but their function in skeletal tissues is just beginning to be examined. Here we focused on tendon, a tissue with an oriented matrix that is ideal for analysis of spatial relationships between primary cilia and the ECM. The objective of this study was to characterize the incidence and orientation of tenocyte primary cilia in their native ECM. Primary cilia, nuclei, and collagen were analyzed three-dimensionally in immunofluorescently labeled rat extensor tendon using multiphoton microscopy and semiautomated morphometry. Primary cilia were observed in 64% of tenocytes. The cilia were highly oriented with respect to the ECM: cilia were aligned parallel to the collagen fibers and the long axis of the tendon. This study represents the first quantification of the in situ incidence and orientation of primary cilia in tendon.
A Luminescent Microporous Metal−Organic Framework for the Recognition and Sensing of Anions (2008)

A luminescent microporous metal-organic framework Tb(BTC)G has been developed for the recognition and sensing of anions, exhibiting a high-sensitivity sensing function with respect to fluoride.
DTV Reception Quality Field Tests for Portable Outdoor Reception in a Single Frequency Network (2004)

This paper presents a field measurement campaign developed to study the influence of the special features of a Single Frequency Network (SFN) reception in the C/N thresholds applicable to portable DTV reception. The measurements presented here were performed inside coverage areas of the nationwide SFN which broadcasts DTV (COFDM 8 K mode) services in Spain. The aim of this paper is to present some network planning reference values for portable reception in urban environments where both multipath and multiple transmitter reception have to be taken into account to ensure a good quality of service.
Differences in psychic performance with guanfacine and clonidine in normotensive subjects. (1980)

1. Doses of clonidine 0.15 mg or guanfacine 1.0 mg, respectively, and 2 h later additional doses of clonidine 0.3 mg or guanfacine 2.0 mg, respectively, were given to 24 healthy students. 2. Blood pressure was reduced by the same amount by both drugs. 3. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations decreased with both drugs, but the reduction was significantly greater following the administration of clonidine. 4. Mental activity in the EEG was less suppressed in the guanfacine group than in the clonidine group. The differences were statistically significant. 5. Self-estimations for well-being and mood showed only small changes due to guanfacine but significant changes due to clonidine. 6. The decrease of information processing and the increase in reaction time, measured by performance in different psychometric tests, were significantly more pronounced after clonidine treatment than guanfacine. 7. A dose-response relationship could only be observed in vigilosomnograms, in the tests of self-estimation related to well-being and mood and in the decrease in plasma noradrenaline in the clonidine group. 8. It was concluded that guanfacine had a lesser CNS depressant action than clonidine, when administered in equipotent hypotensive doses.
Quantitative uranium determinations from gamma-ray logs by application of digital time series analysis (1978)

Abstract The desired output from a gamma-ray logging system in mining applications is an accurate log of the quantitative distribution of radioelements with depth along the borehole. However, the measured log is not the desired output, but it may be visualized as the desired output modified by a series of low-pass filters of various characteristics. These filters can be related to the distance interval over which each count is made (or the analog ratemeter time constant), the detector length, and the 'geologic impulse response' (the response of a point detector to an infinitesimally thin layer of ore of a known grade). In effect, this means that the response due to thin beds is lower than expected, and the resolution will be reduced. An understanding of the nature and properties of these filters will aid in the proper evaluation of the log.To optimize the accuracy and resolution of quantitative uranium (or other radioelement) determinations, especially in thin beds and complex sequences, it is necessary to keep the counting interval short, and to compensate for the effect of the geologic impulse response. Although the effect of the geologic impulse response may be removed in any of several ways, the use of a simple inverse convolution operator as described here allows the data to be processed on-line, essentially in real time, using a microprocessor or portable minicomputer.
CD36 Deficiency Leads to Choroidal Involution via COX2 Down-Regulation in Rodents (2008)

CD36 deficiency leads to choroidal involution via COX2 down-regulation in the RPE. These results show a novel molecular mechanism of choroidal degeneration, a key feature of dry AMD. These findings unveil a pathogenic process, to our knowledge previously undescribed, with important implications for the development of new therapies.
Speech Recognition as a Function of Channel Capacity in a Discrete Set of Channels (1968)

There have been many attempts to perform a frequency analysis of speech and to use the outputs of this analysis to provide cutaneous stimulation. The results of these tests have left in doubt the issue of whether or not cutaneous recognition of speech is actually possible. In addition to other difficulties, an optimum frequency analysis has never been achieved. Instead, filtering configurations have been chosen essentially arbitrarily. The systems considered may well have had insufficient channel capacity for speech recognition even in the event that the tactile stimulators were arranged in an optimum manner. In this paper, several sets of finite frequency band to discrete channels filters were considered. The frequency of each discrete channel was constrained to the fixed center frequency of the corresponding band so as to be directly translatable to the position of a tactile stimulator. Tests were conducted to measure the auditory recognition rate of speech, resynthesized as the sum of these discrete channel signals. From these measurements with different numbers of channels, a representation of recognition rate as a function channel capacity was obtained. It is anticipated that these results will be helpful in the choice of the optimum filtering configuration for test in actual tactile recognition.
Tribological properties of CrN coatings deposited by nitro-chromizing treatment on AISI D2 steel (2015)

In this work, the wear test of uncoated and chromium nitride coated AISI D2 cold work tool steel against alumina ball realized at 0.1 m/s sliding speeds and under the loads of 2.5N, 5N and 10N. Steel samples were nitrided at 575°C for 8 h in the first step of the coating process, and then chromium nitride coating was performed thermo-reactive deposition technique (TRD) in a powder mixture consisting of ferro-chromium, ammonium chloride and alumina at 1000°C for 2 h. Nitro-chromized samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-hardness and ball on disk wear tests. The coating layer formed on the AISI D2 steel was compact and homogeneous. X-ray studies showed that the phase formed in the coated layer is Cr2N. The depth of the layer was 8.15 µm. The average hardness of the layer was 2160±15 HV0.025. For uncoated and chromium nitride materials, wear rate increased with increasing load. The results of friction coefficient and wear rate of the tested materials showed that the CrN coating presents the lowest results.
Book Notes (1996)

The Ecology of the Chernobyl Catastrophe: Scientific Outlines of an International Programme of Collaboration by Vladimir K. Savchenko. £48/$85. Paris: UNESCO and New York: The Parthenon Publishing Group, ISBN 92 3 103161 9 and 1 85070 656 5. Nuclear Neighbourhoods: Community Responses to Reactor Siting by L. Richard Eiser, Joop van der Pligt and Russell Spears, University of Exeter Press, 1995. Pp.xi + 221; indexes. £40 (hardback); £19.50 (paperback). ISBN 0 85989 455 X and 456 8 Ecology and Equity: The Use and Abuse of Nature in Contemporary India by Madhave Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha. London and New York: Routledge, 1995. Pp.xi + 203; index. £12.99 (paperback). ISBN 0 415 12524 3
Distributed interference alignment with limited feedback for cellular networks (2013)

In theory, coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP) promises vast gains in spectral efficiency. However, industrial field trials show rather disappointing throughput gains, whereby the major limiting factor is properly sharing channel state information. This so-called limited feedback problem has been considered in many recent papers in context of CoMP under the assumptions: 1) infinite SNR regime, 2) no user selection and 3) ideal link adaption; rendering the analysis overly optimistic. In this paper we make a step forward towards a more realistic assessment of the limited feedback problem by introducing an improved metric for the performance evaluation, which better captures the throughput degradation. We obtain the relevant scaling laws (lower and upper bounds) and show that they are, at finite SNR, fundamentally different from existing ones. Moreover we provide a robust iterative interference alignment algorithm and corresponding feedback strategies achieving the optimal scaling laws. The main idea is that instead of sending the complete channel matrix to each base station each user fixes a receive filter in each iteration and feeds back a quantized version of the effective channel. Finally we underline the findings with simulations for the proposed system.
Intrinsic Fluorescence Cure Sensor for Reaction Monitoring in Polyurethane (1994)

Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorption were used as main tools to monitor the reaction of methylene diphenyl-4-4'-diisocyanate (MDI) with 1- butanol, poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and diethyl toluene diamine, (DETDA) using the curing agent MDI as a chemical and spectroscopic sensor. The MDI virtually has no fluorescence, but shows strong fluorescence emission at about 310 nm after changing into urethane. The emission of DETDA appears at 343 nm which is about the same wavelength as that of the urea formed. However, the urea shows higher fluorescence quantum yield. The fluorescence intensity changes were applied to monitor the polymerization process. FTIR was used to obtain the extent of reaction by following the disappearance of the isocyanate group. Correlation curves between the fluorescence intensity changes and IR results were derived making the fluorescence changes applicable in the estimation of the extent of reaction. Intrinsic fluorescence, Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI), Polyurea, polyurethane, Butane diol, Diethyl toluene diamine.
Improved photoluminescence of GaAs in ZnSe/GaAs heterojunctions grown by organometallic epitaxy (1988)

Zinc selenide layers, grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on gallium arsenide, are shown to improve the photoluminescence intensity of the gallium arsenide. The improvement in the room-temperature photoluminescence intensity is found to be as high as 190, for n-type GaAs covered with an 1100 Å ZnSe layer. An improvement of 145 was observed for p-type GaAs covered by a ZnSe layer of the same thickness. No such improvement is seen for ZnSe thicknesses exceeding 1500 Å, the calculated critical thickness for this heterojunction. The effective recombination velocity is estimated to be approximately 1×103 cm/s for the GaAs-ZnSe interface, with thin ZnSe layers. Different epitaxial structures were used to check the consistency of the calculations, and the results match reasonably well. Our findings suggest that the behavior of the ZnSe/GaAs heterojunction is similar to the AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction. This presents the possibility of its use in GaAs device, where it should offer some advantages over the existing structures using AlGaAs.
Field emission characteristics of a tungsten microelectromechanical system device (2005)

We have investigated the field emission properties of free-hanging tungsten microelectromechanical system structures. These tungsten structures are designed to serve as electrodes in a Paul ion trap. Since the outer edges of the trap end cap electrodes are adjacent to the inner edges of the trap ring electrode and approximately 0.5μm apart, field emission may occur between these two edges when hundreds of volts are applied, thereby defining an edge field emitter. The arrays were tested under vacuum (10−5Torr) and at atmospheric pressure (625 Torr) to understand the field emission behavior. Vacuum tests show turn-on voltages of about 200 V for the 1 and 1.5μm radius traps and currents of ∼80nA for both sizes of trap with the largest array (106) at 6 MV/cm. The atmospheric tests showed lower turn-on voltages of approximately 150 V for both the 1 and 1.5μm radius traps. Currents up to a few μA were achieved at 6 MV/cm for smaller trap size (1μm) in the largest array indicating a gas ionization contribution. The measured current-voltage responses fitted the Fowler–Nordheim characteristics well, confirming that the current increase in vacuum was due to field emission. A stable emission current of 2.03 nA was obtained at 10 MV/cm for 11 min.