gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knock‐down of amphiregulin inhibits cellular invasion in inflammatory breast cancer (2011)

We have previously shown that SUM-149 human breast cancer cells require an amphiregulin (AREG) autocrine loop for cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that AREG can increase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stability and promote EGFR localization to the plasma membrane. In the present studies we successfully knocked-down AREG expression in SUM-149 cells by lentiviral infection of AREG shRNA. In the absence of AREG expression, SUM-149 cell growth was slowed, but not completely inhibited. Furthermore, cells infected with AREG shRNA constructs showed an increase in EGFR protein expression by Western blot. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy showed that following AREG knock-down, EGFR continued to localize to the cell surface. Soft agar assays demonstrated that AREG knock-down cells retain anchorage-independent growth capacity. Additionally mammosphere forming assays and Adefluor staining analysis showed that knock-down of AREG expression did not affect the expression of stem cell phenotypes. However, following AREG knock-down, SUM-149 cells demonstrated a dramatic decrease in their ability to invade a Matrigel matrix. Consistent with this observation, microarray analysis comparing cells infected with a non-silencing vector to the AREG knock-down cells, identified genes associated with the invasive phenotype such as RHOB and DKK1, and networks associated with cell motility such as integrin-linked kinase signaling, and focal adhesion kinase signaling. AREG was also found to modulate WNT and Notch signaling in these cells. Thus, AREG functions in regulating the invasive phenotype, and we propose that this regulation may be through altered signaling that occurs when AREG activates plasma membrane localized EGFR.
Myricetin as the Active Principle of<i>Abelmoschus moschatus</i>to Lower Plasma Glucose in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2005)

The antihyperglycemic action of myricetin, purified from the aerial part of Abelmoschus moschatus (Malvaceae), was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats). Bolus intravenous injection of myricetin decreased the plasma glucose concentrations in a dose-dependent manner in STZ-diabetic rats. Myricetin at the effective dose (1.0 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the increase of plasma glucose induced by an intravenous glucose challenge test in normal rats. A stimulatory effect of myricetin on glucose uptake of the soleus muscles isolated from STZ-diabetic rats was obtained in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.01 to 10.0 micromol/L. The increase of glucose utilization by myricetin was further characterized using the enhancement of glycogen synthesis in isolated hepatocytes of STZ-diabetic rats. These results suggest that myricetin has an ability to enhance glucose utilization to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats lacking insulin.
Comparison of Francisella tularensis genomes reveals evolutionary events associated with the emergence of human pathogenic strains (2007)

The chronology of events suggests a substantial role for genetic drift in the formation of pseudogenes in Francisella genomes. Mutations that occurred early in the evolution, however, might have been fixed in the population either because of evolutionary bottlenecks or because they were pathoadaptive (beneficial in the context of infection). Because the structure of Francisella genomes is similar to that of the genomes of other emerging or highly pathogenic bacteria, this evolutionary scenario may be shared by pathogens from other species.
Working toward high-power GaN/InGaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (2013)

III-nitride (III-N) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are a less-explored electronic device technology due to the myriad research issues in material growth, device design and fabrication associated with these devices. For III-N HBTs, npn-GaN/InGaN heterostructures provide the benefits of mitigating the poor base electrical conductivity of p-type GaN and the problematic magnesium incorporation issues. Consequently, InGaN-base III-N HBTs are promising for next-generation high-power RF III-N systems. This paper will describe the current development status of npn GaN/InGaN HBTs grown either on sapphire or free-standing (FS) GaN substrates using optimized metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and refined HBT processing techniques. Recombination current paths in GaN/InGaN HBTs are studied and small-signal equivalent circuits are developed. The extracted device model indicates that, with further device fabrication technique development, Johnson's figure of merit (JFOM) of GaN/InGaN HBTs can be as high as 5 THz V.
Photovoltaic operation up to 270 K of a strain-compensated AlAs∕In0.84Ga0.16As∕AlAs∕InAlAs quantum well infrared photodetector (2005)

We report operation up to 270 K of a strain-compensated AlAs∕In0.84Ga0.16As∕AlAs∕In0.52Al0.48As double barrier quantum well infrared photodetector, grown on an InP substrate. The n=1 to n=2 intersubband transition gives a peak detection wavelength of 2.09μm at 77 K which is in good agreement with the calculated value for a 3 nm quantum well. The conduction band discontinuity between In0.52Al0.48As and In0.84Ga0.16As is calculated to be 0.675 eV, which offers the possibility of room temperature operation for optimized detectors.
Autonomous surveillance by multiple cooperative UAVs (2005)

With the recent advent of moderate-cost unmanned (or uninhabited) aerial vehicles (UAV) and their success in surveillance, it is natural to consider the cooperative management of groups of UAVs. The problem considered in this paper is the optimization of the information obtained by a group of UAVs carrying out surveillance -- search and tracking -- over a large region which includes a number of targets. The goal is to track detected targets as well as search for the undetected ones. The UAVs are assumed to be equipped with Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radars, which measure the locations of moving ground targets as well as their radial velocities (Doppler). In this paper, a decentralized cooperative control algorithm is proposed, according to which the UAVs exchange current scan and detection information and each UAV decides its path separately based on an information based objective function that incorporates target state information as well as target detection probability and survival probability for sensors corresponding to hostile fire by targets and collision with other UAVs. The proposed algorithm requires limited communication and modest computation and it can handle failure in communication and loss of UAVs.
The Use of a Multipath Cell as a CO_2–N Gas Laser Amplifier and Oscillator (1967)

A multipath cell using a modified White mirror system has been operated as an amplifier and as an oscillator at the 10.6-micro CO(2) transition of the CO(2)-N(2) gas laser. An oscillator tube efficiency of 33% and an amplifier power gain of 8.7 have been obtained. With a specific gas mixture, the amplifier saturated output power is approximately one-half that of the maximum oscillator output.
A practical method to estimate the acetoclastic methanogenic biomass in anaerobic sludges (1983)

Test de mesure de l'activite methanogenique, utile pour le controle des digesteurs anaerobies
Adaptive lane finding in road traffic image analysis (1994)

The application of image processing and computer vision techniques to the analysis of video sequences of traffic flow offers considerable improvements over the existing methods of traffic data collection. The key to the development of a road monitoring system based upon IA is adaptability. An adaptive system would ease installation of the equipment by aiding with its own initialisation. Such auto-initialisation is considered in this paper. Specifically the automatic location of road lanes. This task has benefits not just in the installation stage but throughout the operating period of the unit, as the ability to automatically locate lanes allows the system to re-calibrate itself in response to changing circumstances without the need for human intervention.
Bottom melting of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica (1969)

An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
A fundamental study on the ion exchange separation of lithium, nitrogen and uranium isotopes (1963)

Fundamental equations for the ion exchange separation factor of the isotopes A and B are derived :
Selective suppression by bunazosin of alpha-adrenergic agonist evoked elevation of intraocular pressure in sympathectomized rabbit eyes. (1993)

These results suggest that the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors that regulate IOP and pupillary diameter are different from one another in the rabbit.
Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions (2016)

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and in-situ single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) analysis under ambient conditions are two emerging fields with great potential for the detailed mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of biomolecules from biological samples. The single-probe, a miniaturized device with integrated sampling and ionization capabilities, is capable of performing both ambient MSI and in-situ SCMS analysis. For ambient MSI, the single-probe uses surface micro-extraction to continually conduct MS analysis of the sample, and this technique allows the creation of MS images with high spatial resolution (8.5 µm) from biological samples such as mouse brain and kidney sections. Ambient MSI has the advantage that little to no sample preparation is needed before the analysis, which reduces the amount of potential artifacts present in data acquisition and allows a more representative analysis of the sample to be acquired. For in-situ SCMS, the single-probe tip can be directly inserted into live eukaryotic cells such as HeLa cells, due to the small sampling tip size (< 10 µm), and this technique is capable of detecting a wide range of metabolites inside individual cells at near real-time. SCMS enables a greater sensitivity and accuracy of chemical information to be acquired at the single cell level, which could improve our understanding of biological processes at a more fundamental level than previously possible. The single-probe device can be potentially coupled with a variety of mass spectrometers for broad ranges of MSI and SCMS studies.
Room-temperature epitaxial growth of GaN on conductive substrates (2003)

We have grown GaN films on (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 (111) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition at room temperature and investigated their structural properties using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectivity, and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD). We have found that GaN (0001) grows epitaxially even at room temperature. The room-temperature growth of GaN starts with the two-dimensional mode followed by the three-dimensional mode, which indicates that the precursors of GaN have large energy enough to migrate on the surface. GIXD measurements showed that the in-plane epitaxial relationship is GaN [11-20] // (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 [01-1] and approximately 90% of the lattice mismatch is released at the interface. These results indicate that the present technique solves one of the two major problems with epitaxial growth of GaN (mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients) and alleviates the other problem (mismatch in the lattice constants).
A Reordering for the PageRank Problem (2006)

We describe a reordering particularly suited to the PageRank problem, which reduces the computation of the PageRank vector to that of solving a much smaller system and then using forward substitution to get the full solution vector. We compare the theoretical rates of convergence of the original PageRank algorithm to that of the new reordered PageRank algorithm, showing that the new algorithm can do no worse than the original algorithm. We present results of an experimental comparison on five datasets, which demonstrate that the reordered PageRank algorithm can provide a speedup of as much as a factor of 6. We also note potential additional benefits that result from the proposed reordering.
Synthesis of new ethynylene‐containing aromatic polyamides by palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation of aromatic diiodides with aromatic diethynyl compounds having amide units (1995)

Abstract New ethynylene‐containing aromatic polymides were synthesized by the carbon–carbon crosscoupling polycondensation of aromatic diiodides with aromatic amide‐bearing diethynyl compounds in the presence of a palladium catalyst, cuprous iodide, and an organic base. The polymers having sulfone linkages were soluble in various organic solvents and their weight average molecular weights were in the range of 12,500 and 26,500. The polymers with the highest inherent viscosity were obtained, when the monomer ratio of a diethynyl compound to a diiodide was 1.01. The polymers showed no detectable glass transition temperature and no weight loss up to around 300° C in nitrogen. The thermal crosslinking of the polymers occurred at 280°C through the existing internal ethynylene group. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bipolar Electrode Focusing: Faradaic Ion Concentration Polarization (2011)

Bipolar electrode (BPE) focusing locally enriches charged analytes in a microchannel along an electric field gradient that opposes a counter-flow. This electric field gradient forms at the boundary of an ion depletion zone generated by the BPE. Here, we demonstrate concentration enrichment of a fluorescent tracer by up to 500,000-fold. The use of a dual-channel microfluidic configuration, composed of two microchannels electrochemically connected by a BPE, enhances the rate of enrichment (up to 71-fold/s). Faradaic reactions at the ends of the BPE generate ion depletion and enrichment zones in the two, separated channels. This type of device is equivalent to previously reported micro/nanochannel junction arrangements used for ion concentration polarization, but it is experimentally more flexible and much simpler to construct.
Content analysis of uterine cervix images: initial steps towards content based indexing and retrieval of cervigrams (2006)

This work is motivated by the need for visual information extraction and management in the growing field of medical image archives. In particular the work focuses on a unique medical repository of digital cervicographic images ("Cervigrams") collected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in a longitudinal multi-year study carried out in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. NCI together with the National Library of Medicine (NLM) is developing a unique Web-based database of the digitized cervix images to study the evolution of lesions related to cervical cancer. Such a database requires specific tools that can analyze the cervigram content and represent it in a way that can be efficiently searched and compared. We present a multi-step scheme for segmenting and labeling regions of medical and anatomical interest within the cervigram, utilizing statistical tools and adequate features. The multi-step structure is motivated by the large diversity of the images within the database. The algorithm identifies the cervix region within the image. It than separates the cervix region into three main tissue types: the columnar epithelium (CE), the squamous epithelium (SE), and the acetowhite (AW), which is visible for a short time following the application of acetic acid. The algorithm is developed and tested on a subset of 120 cervigrams that were manually labeled by NCI experts. Initial segmentation results are presented and evaluated.
New Proton‐Sponge‐Like Macrocyclic Compound: Synergistic Hydrogen Bonds of Aminopyridine (2006)

Abstract N , N′ , N″ ‐Tris( p ‐tolyl)azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine ( 1 ) that shows a high proton affinity (p K BH+ = 23.1 in CD 3 CN) has been classified as a new type of proton‐sponge‐like compound. X‐ray crystallography reveals that 1 is ideal for accommodating a single proton in its cavity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Isolation of a foot-and-mouth disease polyuridylic acid polymerase and its inhibition by antibody (1980)

A template-dependent polyuridylic acid [poly(U)] polymerase has been isolated from BHK cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Enzyme activity in a 20,000 x g supernatant of a cytoplasmic extract was concentrated by precipitation with 30 to 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. The poly(U) polymerase was freed of membranes by sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane extraction, and RNA was removed by precipitation with 2 M LiCl. The solubilized poly(U) polymerase required polyadenylic acid as template complexed to an oligouridylic acid primer and Mg2+ for activity, but was inhibited by Mn2+. Antisera from animals infected with FMDV had previously been shown to inhibit the activity of FMDV RNA replicase complexed to the endogenous RNA template. The same antisera also inhibited the activity of poly(U) polymerase. Antisera depleted of antibody by absorption with the virus infection-associated antigen of FMDV no longer inhibited replicase and polymerase activities. The evidence suggests that FMDV RNA replicase, poly(U) polymerase, and the virus infection-associated antigen share a common protein.
SiGe W-CDMA transmitter for mobile terminal application (2003)

This paper presents the design considerations and experimental results of a transmitter integrated circuit (IC) for wide-band code division multiple access (W-CDMA) mobile terminal application based on a superheterodyne architecture. Implemented by utilizing IBM's 0.5-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology, the transmitter IC consumes approximately 270 mW with a 3.0-V power supply. The radio-frequency IC features a third-order output intercept point (OIP3) of +25.0 dBm, a 95-dB dynamic range, and 6.3% error vector magnitude.
Isolated attosecond pulse generation using multicycle pulses directly from a laser amplifier (2010)

Using a generalized version of double optical gating, we produced single isolated attosecond pulses with 2-mJ, 25-fs driving lasers. Temporal characterization revealed that the 160-as pulses are accompanied with very weak pre- and postpulses. The dependence of the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum on the carrier-envelope phase of the 25-fs laser exhibited a unique $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ periodicity, indicating the robustness of the subcycle gating.
Serum and Salivary Cea and Gica Levels in Oral Cavity Tumours (1988)

The gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen (GICA) is recognised by a monoclonal antibody in both serum and tissues of patients with neoplasm of the GI tract. This study compared the serum and saliva values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and GICA in 19 healthy subjects, 43 patients with benign oral cavity lesions and 26 with histologically confirmed squamous-cell carcinomas. Serum CEA levels were much the same in all three groups, whereas salivary values were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in both patient groups than in the controls. Serum GICA gave the opposite result: lower in carcinoma than in controls (p less than 0.001) and benign lesions (N.S.), while salivary GICA was significantly lower in carcinoma than in both the other two groups (p less than 0.001). The meaning of this difference between the values for the two antigens is discussed.
A Novel Route to Certain 2-Pyrrolecarboxylic Esters and Nitriles<sup>1,2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Route to Certain 2-Pyrrolecarboxylic Esters and Nitriles1,2George G. KleinspehnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1546–1548Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01611a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views584Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characteristics and diagnosis of <scp>NAFLD</scp>/<scp>NASH</scp> (2013)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD has become an important public health issue because of its high prevalence. NAFLD consists of two clinicopathological entities: simple steatosis, which generally follows a benign non-progressive clinical course, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis of NAFLD is based on the following three criteria: non-alcoholic, detection of steatosis either by imaging or by histology, and appropriate exclusion of other liver diseases. Alcoholic liver disease can occur when daily alcohol consumption exceeds 20 g in women or 30 g in men. Thus, non-alcoholic indicates lower levels of these alcohol consumptions. However, there is still no clear consensus regarding the threshold alcohol consumption for defining non-alcoholic liver disease. Then, there is the strong recommendation for a change in the nomenclature, such as use of the term metabolic fatty liver and metabolic steatohepatitis. NASH has emerged as a clinicopathological entity, and even now, a liver biopsy remains the gold standard for making a definitive diagnosis. However, liver biopsy has several drawbacks. In general practice, NAFLD is a convenient-to-use term for the diagnosis and management of these patients, and serum biomarkers that indicate the severity of fibrosis serve as clinically useful tools for the identification of NAFLD in patients with bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. In the future, improved understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH and new technologies may contribute to the diagnostic process and provide reliable, non-invasive alternatives to liver biopsy.
Frequency control (1963)

The subject of frequency control is closely bound up with that of timekeeping where the primary requirement is for a device or system to play the part of a pendulum. At the lower end of the frequency spectrum in the audio range up to several hundred megacycles, the “pendulum” consists most often of a mechanical resonance structure such as a tuning fork or quartz crystal vibrator whose frequency is determined from the classical theory of elasticity. The other major division of the frequency-control field is occupied by devices that utilize quantum-mechanical principles for their operation, where the “pendulum” is identified with an atomic or molecular resonance, and where the frequency, consequently, is in the gigacycle range.