gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Stereoscopic Image Editing Tool using Image-Based Modeling. (2006)

In recent years, techniques have shown an increased interest in research and development related to stereoscopic imaging. However, unlike 2D image, stereoscopic image is generated by generally 3D geometric information. Therefore, the lack of 3D geometric information sometimes imposes restrictions or makes editing more tedious. In this work, we overcome some of these limitations and present a new unsupervised technique aimed to generate stereoscopic image which is estimated depth-map information using image-based modeling from a single input image. Our approach, which is image-based modeling and depth-map based generation of stereoscopic image, has two components. The first component is an easy-to-use depth-map generation module which facilitates the recovery of a basic geometric model of the photographed scene. Our depth-map generation module is effective, convenient, and intuitive because it exploits the user-specified modification tool and template shape based object modification tool. The second component is an interactive stereoscopic image generation module which able to determine stereoscopic view of high quality and making binocular fusion rapid and more comfortable. This system is architected as the Adobe Photoshop plug-in which provides function that uses easily each layer with image data information.
Beyond Blacklisting: Cyberdefense in the Era of Advanced Persistent Threats (2014)

Signature-based detection is no longer an effective way to detect and block malware; whitelisting is much more effective. Whitelisting can vastly reduce an organization's attack surface, letting defenders focus on more advanced threats. It also can force attackers to use expensive exploits to execute code remotely and can make it difficult for attackers to maintain persistence. Many organizations already own tools to implement whitelisting, so the only cost is the time and effort to properly implement them.
Sugar esters (1957)

Summary Improvements in the method of manufacture of the sugar esters are described. The use of a turbulent‐film evaporator for removal of product methanol reduces reaction time in batch operation from 15 to 3 hrs. The presence of trace quantities of water inhibits diester formation and permits recovery of better than 90% monoester without extensive purification.
Use of Flutemetamol F 18–Labeled Positron Emission Tomography and Other Biomarkers to Assess Risk of Clinical Progression in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may progress to clinical Alzheimer disease (AD), remain stable, or revert to normal. Earlier progression to AD among patients who were β-amyloid positive vs those who were β-amyloid negative has been previously observed. Current research now accepts that a combination of biomarkers could provide greater refinement in the assessment of risk for clinical progression. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the ability of flutemetamol F 18 and other biomarkers to assess the risk of progression from aMCI to probable AD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this multicenter cohort study, from November 11, 2009, to January 16, 2014, patients with aMCI underwent positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline followed by local clinical assessments every 6 months for up to 3 years. Patients with aMCI (365 screened; 232 were eligible) were recruited from 28 clinical centers in Europe and the United States. Physicians remained strictly blinded to the results of PET, and the standard of truth was an independent clinical adjudication committee that confirmed or refuted local assessments. Flutemetamol F 18–labeled PET scans were read centrally as either negative or positive by 5 blinded readers with no knowledge of clinical status. Statistical analysis was conducted from February 19, 2014, to January 26, 2018. <h3>Interventions</h3> Flutemetamol F 18–labeled PET at baseline followed by up to 6 clinical visits every 6 months, as well as magnetic resonance imaging and multiple cognitive measures. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Time from PET to probable AD or last follow-up was plotted as a Kaplan-Meier survival curve; PET scan results, age, hippocampal volume, and aMCI stage were entered into Cox proportional hazards logistic regression analyses to identify variables associated with progression to probable AD. <h3>Results</h3> Of 232 patients with aMCI (118 women and 114 men; mean [SD] age, 71.1 [8.6] years), 98 (42.2%) had positive results detected on PET scan. By 36 months, the rates of progression to probable AD were 36.2% overall (81 of 224 patients), 53.6% (52 of 97) for patients with positive results detected on PET scan, and 22.8% (29 of 127) for patients with negative results detected on PET scan. Hazard ratios for association with progression were 2.51 (95% CI, 1.57-3.99;<i>P</i> < .001) for a positive β-amyloid scan alone (primary outcome measure), 5.60 (95% CI, 3.14-9.98;<i>P</i> < .001) with additional low hippocampal volume, and 8.45 (95% CI, 4.40-16.24;<i>P</i> < .001) when poorer cognitive status was added to the model. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A combination of positive results of flutemetamol F 18–labeled PET, low hippocampal volume, and cognitive status corresponded with a high probability of risk of progression from aMCI to probable AD within 36 months.
Self-replicating robots for lunar development (2002)

In this paper, the concept of self-replicating robots (SRRs) is reviewed, and the feasibility of a particular kind of minimalistic SRR is analyzed in the context of lunar resource development. The key issue that will determine the feasibility of this approach is whether or not an autonomous robotic factory can be devised such that it is light enough to be transported to the moon, yet complete in its ability to self-replicate with no other inputs than those resources available on the lunar surface. Self-replication leads to exponential growth, and would allow as few as one initial factory to spawn lunar production of materials and energy on a massive scale. Such capacity would dramatically impact man's ability to explore and colonize space and collect solar energy for terrestrial applications. Our concept of a self-replicating robotic factory consists of four subsystems: 1) multifunctional robots for digging and transportation of materials, and assembly of components during the replication process; 2) materials refining and casting facility; 3) solar energy conversion, storage and transmission; and 4) electromagnetic rail guns for long-distance transportation (for example, for sending materials to low-earth orbit (LEO), or transporting replicated factories to distal points on the moon). Each of these subsystems is described in the context of current technologies, with an emphasis on 1). We build on previous concepts for self-replicating systems, present a simple prototype that demonstrates active mechanical replication, and develop an analytical model of how the proliferation of such systems on the lunar surface would occur.
Production of a New Acidic Polysaccharide, Succinoglucan by<i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i>var.<i>myxogenes</i> (1965)

A slimy non-spore-forming bacterium strain 10C3 isolated from soil was motile with peritrichous flagella and named Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes. Studies were made on the conditions necessary for maximal production of a new acidic succinoglucan polysaccharide by this strain in shaken cultures. Much production was observed with sucrose, glucose, xylose, galactose, cellobiose, maltose, fructose, mannose and rhamnose. The yield was greatest with sucrose and decreased in order with the above sugars from about 36 to 23 per cent. The most suitable medium contained 4 per cent sugar, 0.5 per cent yeast extract and one per cent calcium carbonate in tap water. The optimum temperature was 28°C.
Bluetooth 2.1 based Emergency Data Delivery System in HealthNet (2008)

The interests in health care have considerably increased these days as the aging population becomes larger. Health care has grown to the one of most active research areas especially in the area of wireless, mobile health monitoring systems. The wireless network technologies have advanced to the point where they can enable and help deploy a very broad gamut of systems suitable for medical applications. Several researches have proposed to replace the wired connections among medical devices with wireless connections. Wireless network technologies interwork with sensor equipped BodyLANs. Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are well positioned to support health care applications in limited geographic areas. In particular, the characteristics of Bluetooth and its popularity make it the preferred network infrastructure for HealthNet environments. However, Bluetooth has the "bad reputation" of long connection delays, which may be disastrous in some health applications. In this paper we address the connection delay and propose a new data transfer protocol based on Bluetooth version 2.1. The 2.1 version was published very recently and offers new features that are interest to our application. Among the new features we leverage extended inquiry response (EIR) and secure simple pairing (SSP) to solve the delay problem. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed system significantly improves data delivery as well as power consumption. It solves a well known problem in Bluetooth based wireless networks. Using our proposed scheme, Bluetooth devices are now adequate to support sophisticated scenarios such as emergencies and urgent data dissemination requirements.
Worldwide Distribution of HIV Type 1 Epitopes Recognized by Human Anti-V3 Monoclonal Antibodies (2009)

Epitopes, also known as antigenic determinants, are small clusters of specific atoms within macromolecules that are recognized by the immune system. Such epitopes can be targeted with vaccines designed to protect against specific pathogens. The third variable loop (V3 loop) of the HIV-1 pathogen's gp120 surface envelope glycoprotein can be a highly sensitive neutralization target. We derived sequence motifs for the V3 loop epitopes recognized by the human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 447-52D and 2219. Searching the HIV database for the occurrence of each epitope motif in worldwide viruses and correcting the results based on published WHO epidemiology reveal that the 447-52D epitope we defined occurs in 13% of viruses infecting patients worldwide: 79% of subtype B viruses, 1% of subtype C viruses, and 7% of subtype A/AG sequences. In contrast, the epitope we characterized for human anti-V3 mAb 2219 is present in 30% of worldwide isolates but is evenly distributed across the known HIV-1 subtypes: 48% of subtype B strains, 40% of subtype C, and 18% of subtype A/AG. Various assays confirmed that the epitopes corresponding to these motifs, when expressed in the SF162 Env backbone, were sensitively and specifically neutralized by the respective mAbs. The method described here is capable of accurately determining the worldwide occurrence and subtype distribution of any crystallographically resolved HIV-1 epitope recognized by a neutralizing antibody, which could be useful for multivalent vaccine design. More importantly, these calculations demonstrate that globally relevant, structurally conserved epitopes are present in the sequence variable V3 loop.
Role of endocannabinoids in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in bile duct‐ligated rats (2005)

Cardiac contractility in cirrhosis is normal at baseline but hyporesponsive to stimuli, a phenomenon known as 'cirrhotic cardiomyopathy'. The pathogenesis remains unclear. Endocannabinoids are vasoactive, but have not previously been examined in the cirrhotic heart. We therefore aimed to systematically clarify a possible role of endocannabinoids in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Cirrhosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by bile duct ligation; controls underwent a sham operation. At 4 weeks after operation, isolated left ventricular papillary muscle contractility was studied. Dose-response curve for a beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was constructed in the presence and absence of a CB-1 antagonist AM251 (1 microM). Cirrhotic muscles had a blunted response to isoproterenol, which was completely restored by AM251. Dose-response curves to anandamide, and CB-1 and CB-2 protein and mRNA expression in Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments were not significantly different between cirrhotic and sham muscles. Force-frequency relationship studies were performed in cirrhotic and normal muscles. At higher frequencies, anandamide reuptake blockers (VDM11 and AM404) significantly enhanced muscle relaxation in cirrhotic muscles, but not in controls. This effect was completely blocked by AM251 and pertussis toxin, whereas tetrodotoxin partially reversed it. Taken together, these results indicate a pathogenic role for increased local (neuronal) production of endocannabinoids, mediated by a G(i)-protein-dependent CB-1-responsive pathway in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. The increased tachycardia-stress-induced release of endocannabinoids may help explain why contractility is normal at baseline but attenuated with stress.
A Multicore-Aware Runtime Architecture for Scalable Service Composition (2010)

Middleware for web service orchestration, such as runtime engines for executing business processes, workflows, or web service compositions, can easily become performance bottlenecks when the number of concurrent service requests increases. Many existing process execution engines have been designed to address scalability with distribution and replication techniques. However, the advent of modern multicore machines, comprising several chip multi-processors each offering multiple cores and often featuring a large shared cache, offers the opportunity to redesign the architecture of process execution engines in order to take full advantage of the underlying hardware resources. In this paper we present an innovative process execution engine architecture. Its design takes into account the specific constraints of multicore machines and scales well on different processor architectures, as shown by our extensive performance evaluation. A key feature of the design is self-configuration at startup according to the type and number of available CPUs. We show that our design makes efficient use of the available resources and can scale to run thousands of concurrent business process instances per second, highlighting the potential and the benefits for multicore-awareness in the design of scalable process execution engines.
HIV-1 Disease Association with HLA-DQ Antigens in African Americans and Caucasians (1996)

Previously, we have shown that CD4 levels in African Americans infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) were lower than those in Caucasians. To determine whether or not HLA type is associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, we demonstrated serologically that HLA-DQ6(1) and HLA-DQ7(3) were associated with HIV-1 infection in both African Americans and Caucasians. The present investigation was designed to demonstrate whether or not HLA-DQB1 alleles were associated with HIV-1 infection or protection from infection within these two ethnic groups. Oligonucleotide typing was employed and results were analyzed by χ2 with Fisher’s exact test to compare HLA-DQ marker frequencies in the regional control population (98 African Americans, 143 Caucasians) to the disease population (n = 52; 30 African Americans and 22 Caucasians). We found a statistically significant increased risk of HIV infection associated with HLA-DQB 1*0605 in African Americans, and with HLA-DQB 1*0602 in Caucasians. By contrast, HLA-DQB 1*0603 was associated with protection in Caucasians.
Catalytic photochemical dehydrogenation of organic substrates by polyoxometalates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic photochemical dehydrogenation of organic substrates by polyoxometalatesCraig L. Hill and Donald A. BouchardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 18, 5148–5157Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00304a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00304a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1779Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased ability of peripheral blood B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to produce interleukin 1 in vitro. (1990)

Twenty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 normal controls were examined for the ability of their peripheral blood B cells to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). B cells were purified from peripheral blood by negative selection methods (i.e., removal of adherent cells and sheep red blood cell rosette-forming cells, followed by treatment with monoclonal antibodies (OKT3 and OKM1) and complement). The amount of IL-1 in B cell culture supernatants (SN) was measured by thymocyte and fibroblast proliferation assays and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-1 alpha and beta. As a group, cultured B cells from patients with RA, both spontaneously and when stimulated with LPS, produced higher levels of IL-1 than those from normal controls. IL-1 production by RA B cells with LPS had a weak but positive correlation with disease activity. Moreover, RA B cell culture SN with elevated levels of IL-1 had a synergistic effect on the growth of anti-human IgM (anti-mu) stimulated B cells. In separate experiments, the growth of RA B cells was significantly promoted by IL-1 beta both with and without anti-mu stimulation. These results suggest that B cell-derived IL-1 may be involved in the B cell clonal expansion of RA through its own activity as a B cell stimulatory factor.
Study of temperature-growth interactions of entomopathogenic fungi with potential for control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Mesostigmata) using a nonlinear model of poikilotherm development (2003)

Potential exists for the control of V. destructor with entomopathogenic fungi in honey bee colonies. The methods employed in this study could be utilized in the selection of isolates for microbial control prior to screening for infectivity and could help in predicting the activity of a fungal control agent of V. destructor under fluctuating temperature conditions.
Equipment and Techniques for Nocturnal Wildlife Studies (2006)

Many biologists speculate on the nocturnal behavior of wildlife. Night-vision technologies may provide ways to move beyond speculation to observation of nocturnal activity. Nocturnal activity data collection is often secondary to broader study objectives; consequently, techniques for such studies are poorly understood and infrequently used. We reviewed 53 papers to examine image enhancement (i.e., night vision) and assess trends in nocturnal research techniques. We also conducted a field study on nocturnal behavior of roosting cranes (Grus spp.) to evaluate equipment function and efficacy for wildlife studies. A third-generation night-vision scope greatly outperformed a pair of first-generation night-vision binoculars, and we were able to identify cranes by species and observe and record their behaviors while they were on their nocturnal roost sites. Techniques reported in the literature included use of moonlight or natural ambient light, spotlight or simulated luminosity, remote photography, surveillance radar, infrared thermal imaging, and image enhancement. With the many techniques available, scientists can select the procedure or a combination of strategies explicit to their purpose. We believe night-viewing technologies are an exceptional, nonintrusive, functional tool for wildlife ecology studies. However, even the best equipment will have problems or issues with contrast, inclement weather, and large group size and density. Regardless of the specific method used and the inherent challenges, we believe third-generation, American-manufactured night-vision equipment can provide valuable insight into the complete life history of animals and can promote a more comprehensive approach to wildlife studies.
Studies of the morphology of emulsion‐grade polytetrafluoroethylene (1972)

Abstract Two types of emulsion‐grade polytetrafluoroethylene particles have been studied. We refer to these as ribbons and rods. The ribbons consist of very thin ribbons or lamellae folded upon themselves a number of times. In typical emulsion‐grade material prepared at Allied Chemical, the unraveled ribbon measures about 3.25 μ in length, 0.25 μ in width, and 60Å in thickness. The folded ribbons, which form the particles, are about 0.5 μ long and 0.25 μ wide. Electron diffraction shows that the ribbons are single crystals with the chain axis parallel to the long axis of the ribbons thus forming extended chain crystals. This extended‐chain packing is consistent with the observed cleavage or fibrillation of the ribbons and with the molecular weight. The rods are formed in low–yield polymerizations. Electron diffraction also shows that the rods are single crystals with the chain axis parallel to the long axis of the rods. Striations parallel to the long axis are believed to result from stacking of parallel segments. Considerable bending of the long axis of rods is observed.
A novel finding that<i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i>can produce the antibiotic clavulanic acid using olive oil as a sole carbon source (2008)

This is the first report of oils being used as the sole carbon source by Strep. clavuligerus. Apart from economic benefits, interesting questions are raised about Strep. clavuligerus physiology. Defined culture media allow physiological studies to be performed in the absence of interference by other compounds. Understanding how Strep. clavuligerus catabolises oils may have an economic impact in clavulanic acid production.
Multiarm star block copolymers via Diels‐Alder click reaction (2008)

Abstract Two types of multiarm star block copolymers: (polystyrene) m ‐poly(divinylbenzene)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) n , (PS) m ‐polyDVB‐(PMMA) n and (polystyrene) m ‐poly(divinylbenzene)‐poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) k , (PS) m ‐polyDVB‐(P t BA) k were successfully prepared via a combination of cross‐linking and Diels–Alder click reactions based on “arm‐first” methodology. For this purpose, multiarm star polymer with anthracene functionality as reactive periphery groups was prepared by a cross‐linking reaction of divinyl benzene using α‐anthracene end functionalized polystyrene (PS‐Anth) as a macroinitiator. Thus, obtained multiarm star polymer was then reacted with furan protected maleimide‐end functionalized polymers: PMMA‐MI or P t BA‐MI at reflux temperature of toluene for 48 h resulting in the corresponding multiarm star block copolymers via Diels–Alder click reaction. The multiarm star and multiarm star block copolymers were characterized by using 1 H NMR, SEC, Viscotek triple detection SEC (TD‐SEC) and UV. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 178–187, 2009