gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed low-power 0.5-V 28-nm FD-SOI 5T-cell SRAMs (2016)

The goal of the thesis is to achieve 0.5-V high-speed low-power SRAMs. To do so, state-of-the-art SRAM cells, arrays, and bus-architectures are reviewed. The challenging issues are then clarified as 1) reduction of the minimum operating voltage VDD (Vmin) of the cell, 2) reducing bitline (BL)-active power, and 3) achieving low-power bus architecture. To meet the requirements, a static boosted-power-supply 5T cell, combined with boosted-WL and mid-point-sensing, and an open-BL multi-divided-array are proposed and evaluated. Layout and post-layout simulation with a 28-nm fully-depleted planar-logic SOI MOSFET reveal that a 0.5-V 5T-cell 4-kb array in a 128-kb SRAM core is able to achieve x2-3 faster cycle time and x11 lower power than the counterpart 6T-cell array, suggesting a possibility of a 730-ps cycle time at 0.5 V.To further speed up the write operation, a selectively-boosted-power-supply 5T-cell 4-kb array is proposed and evaluated by simulation, showing that the 4-kb array operates at 350-ps cycle with x6 faster cycle time and x13 lower power than the 6T-cell array, while maintaining a small leakage current. We find out that the mid-point-sensing with half-VDD BL-precharging is more stable during read than the conventional full-VDD precharging. Furthermore, to achieve a 0.5-V low-power high-speed robust bus, a dynamic bus architecture with a dummy bus, which consists of a dynamic driver and a dynamic receiver, is proposed. In particular, the dynamic driver enables high speed even at 0.5 V with increased gate-over-drive by changing the power lines from VDD/2 in the standby mode to VDD in the active mode. It further speeds up with the help of the dummy bus that generates a pulse to track the bus-voltage detecting point for reducing the bus swing. Then, a 0.5-V 28-nm-FD-SOI 32-bit bus architecture using the proposal is evaluated by simulation. It turns out that the architecture has a potential to operate a 1-pF bus at about 50-mV swing, 1.2 GHz, and a standby current of 1.1 µA, with x3-5 faster and more than two-order lower standby current than the conventional static architecture. Based on the results, further challenges to 0.5-V and sub-0.5-V SRAMs are described.
Nitric oxide inhibition induces early activation of type I collagen gene in renal resistance vessels and glomeruli in transgenic mice. Role of endothelin. (1998)

Hypertension is often associated with the development of nephroangio- and glomerulo-sclerosis. This pathophysiological process is due to increased extracellular matrix protein, particularly type I collagen, accumulation. This study investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is involved in the mechanism(s) regulating activation of the collagen I gene in afferent arterioles and glomeruli. Experiments were performed on transgenic mice harboring the luciferase gene under the control of the collagen I-alpha2 chain promoter [procolalpha2(I)]. Measurements of luciferase activity provide highly sensitive estimates of collagen I gene activation. NO synthesis was inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (20 mg/kg per day) for a period of up to 14 wk. Systolic blood pressure was increased after 6 wk of treatment (117+/-2 versus 129+/-2 mmHg, P < 0.01) and reached a plateau after 10 wk (around 160 mmHg). Luciferase activity was increased in freshly isolated afferent arterioles and glomeruli as early as week 4 of L-NAME treatment (150 and 200% of baseline, P < 0.01, respectively). The activation of procolalpha2(I) became more pronounced with time, and at 14 wk increased four- and tenfold compared with controls in afferent arterioles and glomeruli, respectively (P < 0.001). In contrast, luciferase activity remained unchanged in aorta and heart up to 8 wk and was increased thereafter. Increased histochemical staining for extracellular matrix deposition, and particularly of collagen I, was detected in afferent arterioles and glomeruli after 10 wk of L-NAME treatment. This fibrogenic process was accompanied by an increased urinary excretion rate of endothelin. In separate experiments, the stimulatory effect of L-NAME on collagen I gene activation was abolished when animals were treated with bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist. Similarly, bosentan reduced the increased extracellular matrix deposition in afferent arterioles and glomeruli during NO inhibition. Interestingly, bosentan had no effect on the L-NAME- induced increase of systolic pressure. These data indicate that NO inhibition induces an early activation of the collagen I gene in afferent arterioles and glomeruli. This activation in the kidney precedes the increase in blood pressure and the procolalpha2(I) activation in heart and aorta, suggesting a specific renal effect of NO blockade on collagen I gene expression that is independent of increased blood pressure and, at least partly, mediated through stimulation of the endothelin receptor. Use of procolalpha2(I) transgenic mice provides a novel and efficient model to study the pathophysiological mechanism(s) regulating renal fibrosis.
Semi-Autonomous Avatars in Virtual Game Worlds (2010)

This paper is concerned with approaches to semi-autonomous avatars in virtual game worlds, and degrees of autonomy in relation to player-control. Approaches to semi-autonomous avatars can be divided into three groups based on the design goals of using them: relief, expression and impression. Players can be relieved of cognitive and operational load by for example automating the animations of body-language of avatars. Means of expression through body-language, types of actions performed, and reaction tendencies can express the nature of specific avatars to other players in the same world. Character-information available only to avatars' own players and personalised, subjective world-representations create individual impressions of worlds and avatars' parts in them. A shared aim of these approaches is to increase the believability of elements in the game worlds and the sense of presence and immersion for players. In this paper the prototype Pataphysic Institute is used to illustrate how expression and impression can be utilized by consideration of the implementation of possible characterising action potential of avatars.
Antagonistic effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone to an insect growth regulator, buprofezin, in Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (1986)

2-ter-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenylperhydro-l ,3,5-thiadiazin-4-one, Applaud,
Effect of Collectivist Orientation and Ecological Attitude on Actual Environmental Commitment (1997)

Abstract Despite previous research efforts on mapping the demographic profile of a general conserving consumer, a review on the ecological concern literature shows that previous studies had limited success in explaining the social basis of ecological behaviour. An empirical study was carried out to ascertain the role of demographics in determining ecological purchase commitment. It examines the moderating role of consumer demographic characteristics and product involvement on the value-attitude-behaviour relationship in the context of health food consumption. The general pattern of findings supports the primary thesis of the research that the effect of collectivist orientation and ecological attitude on ecological commitment depends on the nature of the targeted consumer group. Essentially, people who are male, those who earn high income, and people who have high involvement in the health food category, engage in more extensive green-product-related information search, and purchase green products more frequently.
Internet-Guided Self-Help with or without Exposure Therapy for Phobic and Panic Disorders (2005)

At the end of treatment, computer-aided CBT self-help at home via the internet plus brief live helpline support was effective with or without exposure instructions, and at 1-month follow-up it was more effective on some measures if exposure instructions had been included. Analysis is needed of how non-exposure CBT produced its shorter-term effect.
Fluoroform, Fluoral, Trifluoroacetic, and Trifluoromethanesulfinic Acids Derivatives as New Reagents for the Introduction of Polyfluorinated Moieties (2005)

Several new classes of stable reagents have been designed for nucleophilic trifluoromethylation, starting from fluoroform, fluoral, trifluoroacetamides or trifluoromethanesulfinamides. Several are stable enough to be considered as laboratory reagents. Trifluoroacetamides or trifluoromethanesulfinamides derived from O-TMS-1,2-aminoalcools constitute the most attractive family. Some of them have delivered promising results for enantioselective trifluoromethylation. Hemiaminals of fluoral are also potent precursors of trifluoromethylated iminiums and difluoroketene aminals, which are wide-scope key-intermediates for the expedient preparation of elaborated compounds, especially nitrogen-containing cycles.
Investigation of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffold Mechanical Properties (2008)

There has been considerable growth and development in electrospun nanofibers for research activities, as well as commercial fabrication over the past decade. These continuous nanofibers are fabricated from solution, driven primarily by an electric field. One key application of interest is the creation of tissue scaffolds via electrospinning. Although numerous studies have been conducted on electrospun fibrous scaffolds, there is still an Edisonian-type process to acquire the desired scaffold orientation and mechanical response that mimics the native tissue behavior. In this study, the electrospun scaffolds are fabricated with different fiber orientation – e.g. aligned and random – over large areas and lengths. The mechanical behavior of the electrospun scaffolds and of the individual fibers (using AFM probe) are investigated. The results obtained from both methods were compared to determine if composite mechanics models can be applied to predict and design the desired fiber orientations to provide sufficient mechanical behavior and cell support for a native tissue.
Anchoring technology for in situ exploration of small bodies (2002)

Comets, asteroids and other small bodies found in the solar system do not possess enough gravity to ensure spacecraft contact forces sufficient to allow many types of in situ science, such as core or surface sampling. Some method of providing sufficient contact force must be used for successful in situ exploration. A range of possible anchoring technologies for use with small bodies is discussed and a specific technology developed in greater detail. This anchoring technology is based on a high energy, gas driven telescoping spike that has demonstrated success in anchoring into targets with a wide range of material properties. It is expected to be successful in anchoring to bodies with surface properties that may range in unconfined compressive strengths from 10 kPa to 10 MPa. The physics of the device and the penetration mechanics of the anchoring are discussed. The development of the hardware for NASA's now cancelled ST4/Champollion mission is detailed and finally, results from the test and verification program for the ST4/Champollion spacecraft anchoring mechanism are discussed.
Mathematical models of plant–soil interaction (2008)

In this paper, we set out to illustrate and discuss how mathematical modelling could and should be applied to aid our understanding of plants and, in particular, plant-soil interactions. Our aim is to persuade members of both the biological and mathematical communities of the need to collaborate in developing quantitative mechanistic models. We believe that such models will lead to a more profound understanding of the fundamental science of plants and may help us with managing real-world problems such as food shortages and global warming. We start the paper by reviewing mathematical models that have been developed to describe nutrient and water uptake by a single root. We discuss briefly the mathematical techniques involved in analysing these models and present some of the analytical results of these models. Then, we describe how the information gained from the single-root scale models can be translated to root system and field scales. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different mathematical approaches and make a case that mechanistic rather than phenomenological models will in the end be more trustworthy. We also discuss the need for a considerable amount of effort on the fundamental mathematics of upscaling and homogenization methods specialized for branched networks such as roots. Finally, we discuss different future avenues of research and how we believe these should be approached so that in the long term it will be possible to develop a valid, quantitative whole-plant model.
Phase Transitions of Malonic and Oxalic Acid Aerosols (2003)

Atmospheric aerosol has been shown to contain an organic component that includes a significant fraction of small dicarboxylic acids, particularly in the urban environment. As an initial step toward understanding the phase in which particles may exist, a detailed study into the phase transitions of malonic and oxalic acid aerosols has been carried out. Both the aerosol phase transitions (deliquescence and efflorescence) and bulk solution properties (equilibrium water vapor pressure and the solubility and freezing curves of the aqueous solutions) are reported. An aerosol flow tube-FTIR and a static mode chamber-FTIR have been used to identify particulate phase transitions. In the latter the particles can be observed under ice-supersaturated conditions, allowing investigation of behavior at subeutectic temperatures. We report that both malonic and oxalic acid aerosols sustain a substantial level of solute supersaturation before efflorescence occurs, whereas deliquescence occurs at the thermodynamically predicted relative humidity. At room temperature, malonic acid efflorescence is observed at RH = 6% ± 3% and oxalic acid efflorescence occurs at RH ≤ 5%. Malonic acid particles deliquesce between 69% and 91% RH over the temperature range 293−252 K, and for oxalic acid conditions close to 100% RH are required. We report the first observation of the phase transition of oxalic acid between the anhydrous and dihydrate form and discuss our results in the context of recently published data.
Arithmetic and control techniques in a multiprogram computer (1959)

In the design of a data processor for commercial applications, the designer is very often striving for better machine performance for little or no increase in cost. In the system design of the Honeywell 800 transistorized data processing system, several design concepts were utilized to help achieve this objective. One of these techniques involves the use of a small auxiliary memory to aid in the control of the high speed central processor. A second technique uses a new word organization that results in a faster and less costly arithmetic element.
Keyword-based document clustering (2003)

Document clustering is an aggregation of related documents to a cluster based on the similarity evaluation task between documents and the representatives of clusters. Terms and their discriminating features of terms are the clue to the clustering and the discriminating features are based on the term and document frequencies. Feature selection method on the basis of frequency statistics has a limitation to the enhancement of the clustering algorithm because it does not consider the contents of the cluster objects. In this paper, we adopt a content-based analytic approach to refine the similarity computation and propose a keyword-based clustering algorithm. Experimental results show that content-based keyword weighting outperforms frequency-based weighting method.
University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates IV (1961)

With one exception, the radiocarbon dates in this list were reported previously by Rainey and Ralph (1959). For discussions of the reliability of the dates, of the materials dated, and of the correspondence of the dates with estimated arctic chronologies, the reader is urged to refer to the original publication. The radiocarbon determinations were made over a period of several years. Those processed before 1956 were dated by the solid-carbon method and are so labeled; others, by the carbon-dioxide method. The age calculations are based on the average of several samples dated archaeologically and by tree-rings, corrected to zero age (Rainey and Ralph, 1959, p. 365). By this means the errors due to atmospheric depletion (Suess effect) and to past changes in radiocarbon concentration (de Vries, 1958; Willis, Tauber, and Münnich, 1960) have been minimized. The b.p. dates are calculated from A.D. 1957 (solid-carbon) and A.D. 1958 (carbon dioxide).
An exact efficient discrete-event model for production lines with buffers (2003)

A hybrid simulation/analytic model is presented for unreliable production lines with buffers and discrete workparts. The system is decomposed into one segment which is tractable by simulation and another one tractable by analysis. The model is exact and much faster than conventional piece-by-piece simulators. It can analyze efficiently and accurately lines of any size during either transient or steady-state periods, by taking into account effectively all transients associated with the function of the line.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Revolutionary advances in distributed power systems (2003)

Rising power demands and increasing number of supply voltages required in modern communications and computing systems are driving advancements in distributed power architectures. Primary-side isolated 48 V power modules have matured with single and dual-outputs (+3.3 V and +5 V) achieving ultra-high density and greater efficiency. Secondary-side PWM controllers have evolved to higher frequency and efficiencies and are giving way to yet another distributed power concept, the quasi-regulated +12 V single-output power module. Several power module manufacturers are now offering this new +12 V brick driven by demands from the system OEMs. In this paper we explore ever changing distributed power architectures, integrated PWM circuitry and new distributed power supply topologies that are enabling new information infrastructure systems.
Synthesis and characterization of dinuclear palladium(I) and mononuclear palladium(II) complexes containing 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dpmMe) and related mixed-ligand complexes containing dpmMe with either bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dpm) or 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine (Ph2Ppy): x-ray crystal structures of PdCl2(dpmMe) and Pd2Cl2(.mu.-dpmMe)2 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of dinuclear palladium(I) and mononuclear palladium(II) complexes containing 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dpmMe) and related mixed-ligand complexes containing dpmMe with either bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dpm) or 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine (Ph2Ppy): x-ray crystal structures of PdCl2(dpmMe) and Pd2Cl2(.mu.-dpmMe)2Chung Li. Lee, Ye Ping. Yang, Steven J. Rettig, Brian R. James, David A. Nelson, and Michael A. LilgaCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 11, 2220–2228Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00142a009https://doi.org/10.1021/om00142a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Role of tryptophan-74 of the recombinant kringle 2 domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator in its .omega.-amino acid binding properties (1992)

The role of W74 in stabilization of the binding of omega-amino acids to the recombinant (r) kringle 2 domain (residues 180-261) of tissue-type plasminogen activator ([K2tPA]) has been assessed by examination of the binding (dissociation) constants (Kd) of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and one of its structural analogues, 7-aminoheptanoic acid (7-AHpA), to variants of r-[K2tPA] generated by site-directed mutagenesis of the wild-type kringle domain. Two nonconservative mutations at W74 of r-[K2tPA] have been constructed, expressed, and purified, resulting in one variant molecule containing a W74L mutation (r-[K2tPA/W74L]) and another containing a W74S mutation (r-[K2tPA/W74S]). In both cases, binding of EACA and 7-AHpA was virtually eliminated in the mutated kringles. Two additional conservative mutations at W74 of r-[K2tPA] have been similarly generated, resulting in r-[K2tPA/W74F] and r-[K2tPA/W74Y]. For these mutants, binding of the same ligands to the variant recombinant kringle domain is retained, although it is significantly weaker in nature. The 1H-NMR spectra of each of the variant kringles demonstrates that all retain the general gross conformations of their wild-type counterpart but that some environmental changes of proton resonances occur at particular aromatic amino acid residues that may be involved in omega-amino acid binding. Differential scanning calorimetric analyses of each of the variant kringles suggest that none of the mutations led to substantial destabilization of their structures, again suggestive of gross conformational similarities in all r-[K2tPA] molecules constructed. We conclude that the aromatic character present at position 74 of wild-type r-[K2tPA] is of great importance to its ability to interact with omega-amino acid ligands, with tryptophan being the most effective amino acid at that position.
Pathophysiologic roles of the fibrinogen gamma chain (2004)

The identification of new interactions with gamma chains has revealed novel targets for the treatment of inflammation and thrombosis. In addition, several exciting studies have shown new functions for the variant gamma chain that may contribute to cardiovascular disease.