gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epinefrino (adrenalino) perdozavimo pasekmės (2006)

Epinefrinas – adrenerginis agonistas, vartojamas broncho spazmui, anafilaksijai, bradikardijai, širdies sustojimui, hipotenzijai gydyti. Jo toksiškumą paprastai sąlygoja tik jatrogeninės klaidos. Epinefrino perdozavimui būdinga staigi sudirginimo, hipertenzijos, tachikardijos ir aritmijų pradžia. Apžvalginiame straipsnyje analizuojamos epinefrino perdo¬zavimo priežastys, klinika, gydymas ir prognozė.
Neurotrauma in Pakistan (2001)

The incidence of head and spinal injury is on the rise in developing countries. The number of deaths and burden of disability may be reduced, if not completely stopped, through preventive measures after an epidemiological survey on trauma. The goal can be achieved to a significant extent through the use of guidelines from the countries that have achieved a reduction in the incidence of neurotrauma. To determine the incidence and outcome of neurotrauma in developing countries, a study was necessary using standardized assessment parameters for global interpretation. Such a study was conducted to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of patients with head and spinal injury admitted to various neurosurgical centers in Pakistan from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1999. A total of 260,000 patients were admitted with head injury over a 4-year period. The majority of patients presented during second decade (i.e., 33.2%) followed by first and third decade. There were 195,000 (75%) males, and 65,000 (25%) females with a ratio of 3:1. Road traffic accident was the commonest cause of head trauma. Mild, moderate, and severe head injury was observed in 135,200 (52%), 78,000 (30%), and 46,800 (18%) patients, respectively. Conservative management was carried out in 176,800 (68%) patients. Surgery was required in 83,200 (32%), 50% of which had depressed skull fracture, simple or compound. Follow-up period varied from 2 months to 2 years with a mean of 11 months. Patient's outcome was assessed according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Good outcome was observed in 174,200 (67%). The total mortality was 46,800 (18%). In this study, 2654 patients ranging in age from 5 to 70 years had spinal injuries. There were 1922 males (72%) and 732 (28%) females. British Medical Research Council Scale was used for assessment of motor power of patients with spinal trauma. Of these, 780 patients (29%) had complete spinal cord injury. Surgical intervention was performed in 1800 patients (68%) and the rest were managed conservatively.
Inhibition of thrombin generation by protein S at low procoagulant stimuli: implications for maintenance of the hemostatic balance (2004)

The activated protein C (APC)-independent anticoagulant activity of protein S on tissue factor-induced thrombin generation was quantified in plasma. In absence of APC, protein S significantly decreased the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in a concentration-dependent manner. The APC-independent anticoagulant activity of protein S in plasma was not affected by phospholipid concentrations but strongly depended on tissue factor concentrations: protein S inhibited the ETP from 6% at 140 pM tissue factor to 74% at 1.4 pM tissue factor. Plasma with both 60% protein S and 140% prothrombin showed an ETP of 240% compared to normal plasma, suggesting an APC-independent protective role of protein S in the development of thrombosis as a result of protein S deficiency and the prothrombin-G20210A mutation. At high tissue-factor concentrations, protein S hardly expressed APC-independent anticoagulant activity but exerted potent APC-cofactor activity when thrombomodulin or APC were added to plasma. Neutralization of protein S under these conditions resulted in a 20-fold reduction of the anticoagulant activity of APC. The present study shows that protein S effectively regulates coagulation at 2 levels: at low procoagulant stimuli, protein S maintains the hemostatic balance by directly inhibiting thrombin formation, and at high procoagulant stimuli, protein S restores the hemostatic balance via its APC-cofactor activity.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Unactivated γ‐Methylene C(sp<sup>3</sup>)H and δ‐CH Bonds with an Oxazoline‐Carboxylate Auxiliary (2015)

A palladium-catalyzed arylation of unactivated γ-methylene C(sp(3) )H and remote δ-CH bonds by using an oxazoline-carboxylate directing group has been developed. Arylation occurs with a broad substrate scope and high tolerance of functional groups (i.e., halogen, nitro, cyano, ether, trifluoromethyl, amine, and ester). The oxazoline-type auxiliary can be removed under acidic conditions.
Experimental Study of Beam Steering in 980-nm InGaP Cladding Lasers (1996)

The beam steering phenomenon was directly observed by means of backplane electroluminescence in 980 nm InGaP cladding power lasers. The electroluminescence of the lasers which showed lateral beam steering had a periodic pattern along the active region, which was assumed to be due to spatial hole burning. The period of this pattern was roughly estimated using the effective refractive index method. A laser satisfying the cut-off condition for higher lateral modes did not exhibit a periodic pattern of electroluminescence.
Binding Properties of 2‐Pentyl Pyridine to Soy Protein as Measured by Solid Phase Microextraction (2002)

ABSTRACT: The binding properties of 2‐pentyl pyridine (2‐pp) were investigated for soybean protein isolates (SPI) and the beta‐conglycinin and glycinin soy protein fractions. The glycinin fraction had the highest binding affinities for 2‐pp, followed by beta‐conglycinin fraction, and then SPI. More 2‐pp was bound by SPI and beta‐conglycinin or glycinin fractions under alkaline conditions than under neutral conditions, which exhibited more binding than acidic conditions. More 2‐pp was also bound at high temperature (74 °C) than at 25 °C, but greater binding affinity of 2‐pp was observed at 4 °C than at 25 °C. With increased NaCl concentrations, the binding affinity of 2‐pp decreased. Exposure to UV light increased binding of 2‐pp to all types of soy protein.
A rapid TLC bioautographic method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in plants (2002)

A simple and rapid bioautographic enzyme assay on TLC plates has been developed for the screening of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by plant extracts. Enzyme activity was detected by the conversion of naphthyl acetate into naphthol and the formation of the corresponding purple-coloured diazonium dye with Fast Blue B salt. Inhibitors of cholinesterases produced white spots on the dye-coloured background of the TLC plates. The alkaloids galanthamine and physostigmine, which are known inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, were used to determine the sensitivity of the assay. Various plant extracts were tested using the bioassay.
Outdiffusion of impurity atoms from silicon crystals and its dependence upon the annealing atmosphere (1996)

The outdiffusion of boron, antimony, and phosphorus from the bare silicon wafer at 1200 °C, especially its dependence upon the annealing atmosphere, has been studied with spreading resistance and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). It is found that the boron outdiffusion proceeds when the crystal is annealed in hydrogen, but is completely suppressed in argon even if the doping concentration is as high as 3×1018 cm−3 and the annealing time is as long as 2 h. The dramatic dependence upon the atmosphere has not been observed for the other impurities and is temporarily related with the desorption process of boron atoms from the surface.
Absolute radiometric and photometric measurements of near‐eye displays (2017)

Abstract The arrival of near‐eye displays has challenged the traditional methods that have been used to measure the optical properties of displays. Near‐eye displays typically create virtual images and are designed for the relatively small entrance pupil of the human eye. These two attributes result in optical measurement requirements that are substantially different from traditional flat panel displays. This paper discusses the optical system requirements needed to make absolute radiometric and photometric measurements of near‐eye displays. These guidelines are contrasted with the performance of current optical measurement instruments. An initial study was conducted using traditional and modified instruments and exhibited a significant variance in the results with different near‐eye display designs. The study demonstrated that some traditional optical instruments can yield erroneous results when used to measure near‐eye displays. Generic optical system design concepts were used to interpret the experimental results and helped to identify how current commercial designs could be modified to properly measure near‐eye displays.
Anti-NGF Treatment Reduces Bone Resorption in Periodontitis (2010)

Periodontitis is characterized by periodontal tissue destruction, including the alveolar bone. One of its critical components is the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings innervating the periodontium. Since nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to up-regulate neuropeptides in sensory neurons, we hypothesized that it would be increased in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, and that systemic NGF neutralization would reduce the periodontitis-associated alveolar bone resorption. Real-time PCR analysis disclosed a statistically significant time-dependent up-regulation of NGF mRNA in gingiva during 2 weeks of periodontitis. Interestingly, NGF up-regulation was also detected in the contralateral gingiva. In addition, immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the gingivomucosa demonstrated increased expression of TrkA receptor for NGF. Systemic anti-NGF treatment during periodontitis significantly reduced interleukin-1beta expression in gingiva and bilateral alveolar bone resorption. This suggests that NGF promotes periodontal inflammation and implicates a possible use of anti-NGF treatment in periodontitis.
Contact genomics: scaffolding and phasing (meta)genomes using chromosome 3D physical signatures (2015)

High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies are fuelling an accelerating trend to assemble de novo or resequence the genomes of numerous species as well as to complete unfinished assemblies. While current DNA sequencing technologies remain limited to reading stretches of a few hundreds or thousands of base pairs, experimental and computational methods are continuously improving with the goal of assembling entire genomes from large numbers of short DNA sequences. However, the algorithms that piece together DNA strands face important limitations due, notably, to the presence of repeated sequences or of multiple haplotypes within one genome, thus leaving many assemblies incomplete. Recently, the realization that the physical contacts experienced by a portion of a DNA molecule could be used as a robust and quantitative assay to determine its genomic position has led to the emerging field of contact genomics, which promises to revolutionize current genome assembly approaches by exploiting the flexible polymer properties of chromosomes. Here we review the current applications of contact genomics to genome scaffolding, haplotyping and metagenomic assembly, then outline the future developments we envision.
NOx Emissions From a Diesel Engine Fueled With Natural Gas (1995)

The performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine fueled with direct injection of natural gas entrained with pilot diesel ignition enhancer have been measured. The thermal efficiency of the optimum gas-diesel operation was shown to exceed that of the conventional diesel at full load, but to be less at part load where the ignition delay was excessive. At high load, where the NOx emission problem is most serious, substantial reduction in NOx emission rate was obtained with delay of injection timing and also with use of exhaust gas recirculation. Measured cylinder pressures were used with a three-zone combustion model to determine ignition delay and the temperatures of the burned gas. The predicted NOx emissions based on equilibrium concentration of NO at the maximum burned gas temperature were found to correlate closely with exhaust pipe measurements of NOx.
Differential Regulation of Prostaglandin E2 and Thromboxane A2 Production in Human Monocytes: Implications for the Use of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (2000)

There is an autocrine relationship between eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis, with the ratio of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/thromboxane A2 (TXA2) being one of the determinants of the level of cytokine synthesis. In monocytes, cyclooxygenase type 1 (COX-1) activity appears to favor TXA2 production and COX-2 activity appears to favor PGE2 production. This has led to speculation regarding possible linkage of COX isozymes with PGE and TXA synthase. We have studied the kinetics of PGE2 and TXA2 synthesis under conditions that rely on COX-1 or -2 activity. With small amounts of endogenously generated prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), TXA2 synthesis was greater than PGE2. With greater amounts of endogenously generated PGH2, PGE2 synthesis was greater than TXA2. Also, TXA synthase was saturated at lower substrate concentrations than PGE synthase. This pattern was observed irrespective of whether PGH2 was produced by COX-1 or COX-2 or whether it was added directly. Furthermore, the inhibition of eicosanoid production by the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or by the prevention of COX-2 induction with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SKF86002 was greater for PGE2 than for TXA2. It is proposed that different kinetics of PGE synthase and TXA synthase account for the patterns of production of these eicosanoids in monocytes under a variety of experimental conditions. These properties provide an alternative explanation to notional linkage or compartmentalization of COX-1 or -2 with the respective terminal synthases and that therapeutically induced changes in eicosanoid ratios toward predominance of TXA2 may have unwanted effects in long-term anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic therapy.
Minireview: Modulation of Hormone Receptor Signaling by Dietary Anticancer Indoles (2009)

Indole-3-carbinol and its diindole condensation product 3-3'-diindolylmethane are dietary phytochemicals that have striking anticarcinogenic properties in human cancer cells. Molecular, cellular, physiological, and clinical studies have documented that both indole-3-carbinol and 3-3'-diindolylmethane have potent endocrine modulating activities through a myriad of mechanisms. The focus of this review is to discuss the evidence that directly links the anticancer actions of these two indole compounds to the control of steroid receptor and growth factor receptor signaling.
Effect of phorbol ester and calcium ionophore on chloride secretion in canine tracheal epithelium (1987)

The control of Cl- secretion was examined by two of the terminal events in the phosphoinositide regulatory pathway: activation of protein kinase C and an increase in cell Ca2+. The phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates protein kinase C, stimulated Cl- secretion in both native and cultured monolayers of tracheal epithelium. Approximately 1.5 nM of mucosal PMA was required for half-maximal stimulation. Stimulation was not dependent on prostaglandin production nor was it accompanied by an increase in cellular levels of cAMP. Although the maximal rate of PMA-induced Cl- secretion was less than that induced by cAMP, there was a synergistic effect between PMA and forskolin, an agent that activates adenylate cyclase. The response to PMA was at least partly transient and PMA may also attenuate Cl- secretion under some circumstances. Thus the response to PMA, and presumably protein kinase C activation, may be complex. An increase in cell Ca2+ produced by addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 also stimulated Cl- secretion. However, the effect was at least partly indirect. A23187 enhanced prostaglandin E2 production and the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, blocked A23187-induced secretion in native epithelia and attenuated the effect of A23187 in cultured monolayers. These results indicate the presence of a non-cAMP-dependent regulatory pathway capable of controlling Cl- secretion in tracheal epithelium. Activation of protein kinase C may stimulate secretion directly or modulate the response to cAMP. An increase in cell Ca2+ may stimulate secretion at least partly by stimulating endogenous prostaglandin production.
Isolation and culture of human hepatocytes from resected liver tissue. (1994)

手術時切除肝を用いてヒト肝細胞の分離培養を行い,単離肝細胞の収量,viability,培養肝細胞機能が入手肝組織の温阻血時間といかなる関係にあるかを検討した.肝細胞の分散はコラゲナーゼとディスパーゼの混合液を灌流することにより行い,分散された肝細胞を10日間培養し,糖新生能,尿素合成能,DNA量を測定した.入手肝組織の温阻血時間は,0-300分であった.その結果,単離肝細胞のviabilityは肝温阻血時間と関係がなく87.9%であったが,収量との間には有意の相関関係を認めた(p<0.05).温阻血時間が120分以内における収量は180分以上と比較し有意に高かった(p<0.05).培養肝細胞機能は10日間維持され,機能は温阻血の影響を受けなかった.以上から,肝細胞の分離培養で肝組織の温阻血時間が長くなると単離肝細胞の収量は減少するが,120分までは,収量およびviabilityともに良好である.また,温阻血障害を受けた肝細胞を培養することによりその機能が完全に回復するものと考えられた.
Use of Apically Based Periosteal Flaps as Globe Tethers in Severe Paretic Strabismus (2000)

The vascularized periosteal flap technique provides an excellent tether for the globe. Early and late stability has been favorable.
[Chimeric hepatitis B core antigen particles as a presentation system of foreign protein epitopes]. (1998)

The paper presents data available in the literature and the author's own experimental findings as to the construction of chimeric hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particles. The problems associated with the design of hybrid HBcAg particles and the ways of solving arising problems are considered. Data from studies of the antigen and immunogenic properties of hybrid HBcAg particles.
The synthesis, structure, and characterization of α″-Fe16N2 (invited) (1994)

Controversy about the magnetic properties of α″-Fe16N2 thin films makes it desirable to examine bulk material. In the original preparation and crystal structure determination of α″ in 1951, N-austenite (γ) prepared by nitriding α-iron powder at 700–750 °C was quenched to give N-martensite (α′) which then gave α+α″ on long tempering at 120 °C. The final product was a mixture of either α+α″ or α+α″+γ with less than 50%α″. Recent repetitions of this preparative method in three different laboratories have given mixtures with varying amounts of α″, again never greater than 50%, and with magnetic moments of α″—assessed from measurements made on the mixtures—that show considerable variation. Studies of α′ tempering by XRD, and of α″ precipitation from supersaturated N ferrite (α) by high-resolution TEM, both show that slow ordering of N atoms to produce α″ occurs only after localized regions of α′ and α reach the Fe8N composition by a clustering process. Thus α′-Fe8N can be obtained with a tetragonality c/a equal to that of α″, but without the complete N ordering that is characteristic of Fe16N2. This might explain some of the variability in magnetic properties. The inhibiting effect of oxygen and other impurities on the nitriding of iron is emphasized, the existence of the α″-carbonitride Fe16(C,N)2 is noted, and possible methods for 100% production of bulk α″ are suggested.
Structural and functional stability of IncP plasmids during stepwise transmission by tranks-kingdom mating: promiscuous conjugation of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

In order to establish a gene transfer system for yeast by promiscuous conjugation, we constructed plasmid pAY101 which contained an oriT sequence derived from RK2 (IncP) and the yeast TRP1 and ARS1 genes. A conjugation mixture consisted of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli harboring pAY101, and E. coli carrying a helper plasmid with mob and tra. In the conjugation mixture a tryptophan-requiring yeast mutant (trp1) was converted to be prototrophic for tryptophan at a frequency of about 10(-5) to 10(-3) per recipient cell. This E. coli-yeast conjugation system required the mob, tra, oriT, TRP1 and ARS1 genes. The mob and tra genes were trans-acting elements as in an E. coli conjugation system. The mobilization was inhibited by nalidixic acid as in a typical bacterial conjugation. DNA analysis indicated that the plasmid pAY101 was transferred from E. coli to S. cerevisiae, and retained its original structure and function in yeast host cells.
A Method for Modeling Directional Behaviour of Bottomhole Assemblies with Downhole Motors (2002)

Well path control is one of the most important and very complex drilling phase while drilling deviated or horizontal well. Many authors have put tremendous amount of effort to developed sophisticated computer programs that would enable engineers to understand various mechanisms and variables that affect BHA's behaviour. These include: weight-on-bit, rotary speed, penetration rate, hole inclination and direction, geology and bits. Vast majority of developed programs are based upon finite element methods due to their suitability for computer use. Programs based on finite element methods calculate BHA position and the forces exerted by the BHA on the wellbore. Bit side force and the bit tilt angle with respect to the wellbore centerline are two key parameters for predicting directional response of BHA. One simplification that is being made in all current models is that contacts of BHA with wellbore are being made in stabilizers. Analytical method for calculating side forces as well as contact points is being proposed in this paper. Proposed method is based upon solving statically single or multiple undefined beam depending on number of contact points between drill string and wellbore wall. The proposed method provides the capability to evaluate and to adjust the actual well profile in an interactive, real time mode thus enabling wellpath steering.
Vapor deposition of molybdenum oxide using bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum and water (2016)

Three molybdenum precursors—bis(acetylacetonate) dioxomolybdenum, molybdenum isopropoxide, and bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum—were tested for molybdenum oxide vapor deposition. Quartz crystal microbalance studies were performed to monitor growth. Molybdenum isopropoxide and bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum achieved linear growth rates 0.01 and 0.08 Å/cycle, respectively, using atomic layer deposition techniques. Negligible MoOx growth was observed on alumina powder using molybdenum isopropoxide, as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum achieved loadings of 0.5, 1.1, and 1.9 Mo/nm2 on alumina powder after one, two, and five cycles, respectively, using atomic layer deposition techniques. The growth window for bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum is 135–150 °C. An alternative pulsing strategy was also developed for bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum that results in higher growth rates in less time compared to atomic layer deposition techniques. The outlined process serves as a methodology for depositing molybdenum oxide for catalytic applications. All as-deposited materials undergo further calcination prior to characterization and testing.