gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Degraders of Coexisting Dichloromethane, Benzene, and Toluene, Identified by Stable-Isotope Probing (2017)

Most bioremediation studies on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have focused on a single contaminant or its derived compounds and degraders have been identified under single contaminant conditions. Bioremediation of multiple contaminants remains a challenging issue. To identify a bacterial consortium that degrades multiple VOCs (dichloromethane (DCM), benzene, and toluene), we applied DNA-stable isotope probing. For individual tests, we combined a <sup>13</sup>C-labeled VOC with other two unlabeled VOCs, and prepared three unlabeled VOCs as a reference. Over 11 days, DNA was periodically extracted from the consortia, and the bacterial community was evaluated by next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Density gradient fractions of the DNA extracts were amplified by universal bacterial primers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the amplicons were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) using restriction enzymes: <i>Hha</i>I and <i>Msp</i>I. The T-RFLP fragments were identified by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Under all test conditions, the consortia were dominated by <i>Rhodanobacter</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>/<i>Afipia</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i>, and <i>Hyphomicrobium</i>. DNA derived from <i>Hyphomicrobium</i> and <i>Propioniferax</i> shifted toward heavier fractions under the condition added with <sup>13</sup>C-DCM and <sup>13</sup>C-benzene, respectively, compared with the reference, but no shifts were induced by <sup>13</sup>C-toluene addition. This implies that <i>Hyphomicrobium</i> and <i>Propioniferax</i> were the main DCM and benzene degraders, respectively, under the coexisting condition. The known benzene degrader <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. was present but not actively involved in the degradation.
Penetration depth as a DInSAR observable and proxy for soil moisture (2003)

We use prior theory and experimental results to construct a quantitative relationship between soil moisture and the penetration depth of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) microwaves at L-, C-, and X-bands. This relationship is nonlinear and indicates that a change of 5% volumetric water content (VWC) can cause between 1 and 50 mm of change in C-band penetration depth depending on initial VWC. Because these depths are within the range of differential interferogram SAR (DInSAR) measurement capability, penetration depth may be a viable proxy for measuring soil moisture. DInSAR is unlikely to detect a measurable change in penetration depth above 30% VWC, though certain clay rich soils may continue to cause surface deformation above that level. The possibility of using clay swelling as a proxy for soil moisture was found to be less feasible than penetration depth. Soil moisture may also be a significant, and previously unrecognized, source of noise in the measurement of subtle deformation signals or the creation of digital elevation models using repeat-pass DInSAR.
Formation of γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Isolated Nanoparticles in a Silica Matrix (1997)

Isolated nanometric particles (D < 30 nm) of γ-Fe2O3 in a silica matrix have been prepared by heating at 400 °C the gel formed in the hydrolysis of an ethanol solution of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). However, when FeCl3·6H2O was used as precursor, well-developed hematite particles were obtained in the final composite. This different behavior was already manifest in the initial gels. Thus, the gel obtained from iron nitrate salt shows a compact appearance as a result of its higher degree of network connectivity (polymeric gel) whereas the one from the iron chloride appears more loose and highly hygroscopic (colloidal gel). In addition, small superparamagnetic nuclei are formed during the hydrolysis and condensation of the gel obtained from the iron nitrate salt. The γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle formation takes place through a reduction−oxidation reaction which occurs during the burning of the organic species trapped inside the gel pore. The growth mechanism of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the silica network has been studied as well as the optimum conditions for their preparation. Thus, γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites with different particle sizes and distributions can be prepared by adequate modification of the initial gel microstructure through different gelation times, salt concentrations, and mechanical treatment. Superparamagnetic behavior has been found in all nanocomposites at room temperature, meanwhile at 70 K, a transition from superparamagnetic to ferrimagnetic behavior is observed as the particle size increases. In all cases, the variation in particle size observed by X-ray diffraction corresponds well with changes in the saturation magnetization for the γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. Similar size effects are also found via the coercivity values at 70 and 5 K.
OX40-Mediated Differentiation to Effector Function Requires IL-2 Receptor Signaling but Not CD28, CD40, IL-12Rβ2, or T-bet (2007)

Ag-specific CD4 T cells transferred into unirradiated Ag-bearing recipients proliferate, but survival and accumulation of proliferating cells is not extensive and the donor cells do not acquire effector functions. We previously showed that a single costimulatory signal delivered by an agonist Ab to OX40 (CD134) promotes accumulation of proliferating cells and promotes differentiation to effector CD4 T cells capable of secreting IFN-gamma. In this study, we determined whether OX40 costimulation requires supporting costimulatory or differentiation signals to drive acquisition of effector T cell function. We report that OX40 engagement drives effector T cell differentiation in the absence of CD28 and CD40 signals. Two important regulators of Th1 differentiation, IL-12R and T-bet, also are not required for acquisition of effector function in CD4 T cells responsive to OX40 stimulation. Finally, we show that CD25-deficient CD4 T cells produce little IFN-gamma in the presence of OX40 costimulation compared with wild type, suggesting that IL-2R signaling is required for efficient OX40-mediated differentiation to IFN-gamma secretion.
Evaluation of the brain-specific delivery of radioiodinated (Iodophenyl) alkyl-substituted amines coupled to a dihydropyridine carrier (1985)

To evaluate the potential usefulness of radioiodinated phenylamines attached to dihydropyridine carriers as a means of brain-specific delivery of radiopharmaceuticals, 1-methyl-3-[N-[beta- (4-[125I]iodophenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine ([125I]-9) and 1-methyl-3-[N-(4-[125I]iodophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine ([125I]-13) have been prepared by dithionite reduction of the corresponding pyridinium precursors, [125I]-8 and [125I]-12, respectively. Formation of 8 involved coupling of (p-aminophenyl)ethylamine with N-succinimidyl (1-methyl-3-pyridinio)formate iodide (4) followed by transformation to the corresponding N-piperidinyl- (6) or (diethylamino)- (7) triazines that were converted to 8 by treatment with HI. Alternatively, 12 was prepared by initial conversion of (4-amino-phenyl)mercuric acetate (10) to 4-iodoaniline (11) by treatment with I2 and then coupling with 4. The radioiodinated quaternary products, 8 and 12, showed low brain uptake and low brain to blood ratios, whereas the dihydropyridine analogues, 9 and 13, showed comparatively good brain uptake and good brain to blood ratios in rats. These data demonstrate that dihydropyridine-coupled radiopharmaceuticals can cross the blood-brain barrier and the technique may be useful for the measurement of cerebral blood perfusion.
Remote laboratory experiments in electrical engineering education (2003)

A remote or online laboratory is a laboratory where one can access experiments and instruments or other equipment from outside over the Internet. Laboratories for undergraduate education or vocational training in basic electrical engineering are easy to control remotely. One cannot see or hear the electrical current, so there is no need for sound or video transmission. Computer-based instruments do not have any control buttons or displays on the front panel. They have virtual front panels on the host computer only and those panels can be moved to a remote computer screen. However, the manual forming of circuits and connecting of test probes cannot be transferred. These actions must be performed in another way in a remote laboratory. Remotely controllable switch matrices must be used. In the remote laboratory at BTH (Blekinge Institute of Technology) a client/server architecture is used. The student makes all the settings wanted on the client computer and then sends them to a lab server. The server makes measurements requested and returns the data obtained. The whole procedure takes only a second or two. A number of clients can access the experiments simultaneously. The laboratory is used in ordinary courses for on-campus students. They access the laboratory from a computer hall or from elsewhere outside the university. Due to the low number of bytes transferred, a 56 kbit modem is sufficient.
Playability and player experience research (2009)

As the game industry matures and games become more and more complex, there is an increasing need to develop scientific methodologies for analyzing and measuring player experience, in order to develop a better understanding of the relationship and interactions between players and games. This panel gathers distinguished European playability and user experience experts to discuss current findings and methodological advancements within player experience and playability research. Author Keywords Playability, game experience, user experience, techniques,
Determination of Modulation Indexes and Design of Two-Channel Coherent Communication Systems (1967)

This paper presents an approach to the determination of modulation indexes for 2-channel, phase coherent communication systems (of the Mariner type). The method is based upon a mean-squared error criterion and can be used to apportion the total transmitter power between the carrier signal, the modulated data subcarrier, and the modulated sync subcarrier. Further, a method is given which enables the communications engineer to determine the system data rate which will yield a predetermined bit-error probability. The method takes into consideration errors due to radio-frequency carrier phase jitter, subcarrier reference phase jitter, and jitter about the instants in time with which the modulation may change states. The results are useful for designing coherent communication systems for space applications.
La incidencia de la privatización del agua y la falta de protección jurídica del usuario, en la mala prestación del servicio que ofrecen los servidores en el Municipio de Soyapango (2003)

Evolucion historica de la situacion del servicio publico de agua potable en el pais -- Factores politicos, economicos y juridicos que influyen en el Incumplimiento de los derechos de los usuarios por parte de Los operadores del servicio del agua -- Procedimiento administrativo idoneo que garantice la proteccion de derechos de los usuarios del servicio de agua potable -- El impacto negativo en la salud de los usuarios por incumplimiento en la calidad del agua y la ineficiencia del servicio prestado por los Servidores -- Regimen regulatorio que garantice los derechos de los usuarios del servicio publico del agua en El Salvador
Preamble-less non-decision-aided (NDA) techniques for 16-QAM carrier phase recovery and gain error correction, for burst transmissions (2002)

Two new preamble-less feedforward non-decision-aided (NDA) techniques for carrier phase correction and amplitude gain control for TDMA 16-QAM transmission are proposed. The preamble-less feature allows minimum burst length and hence, minimum bandwidth transmission. The NDA techniques isolate the detection process from the synchronization, resulting in a robust and reduced complexity system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Über die Hydrierung von Halogenverbindungen der 5. Hauptgruppe (1957)

Die beiden Phenyl-arsen (III) -chloride PhAsCl 2 und Ph 2 AsCl reagieren in ätherischer Lösung bei —60° C mit Lithiumboranat gemäß der Gleichung Ph n AsCl 3-n + (3—n) LiH · BH 3 → Ph n AsH 3-n + (3—n) BH 3 +(3—n) LiCl (n = 1 oder 2) unter Bildung der Phenylarsine PhAsH 2 (Schmp. —47° C) und Ph 2 AsH (Schmp. —17° C), der Arsen-Homologen des Anilins PhNH 2 und Diphenylamins Ph 2 NH. Die auf diese Weise leicht zugänglichen Phenylarsine unterscheiden sich von den Stickstoff-Homologen erwartungsgemäß durch ihre wesentlich leichtere Oxydierbarkeit. Weniger gut als Lithiumboranat eignet sich Lithiumalanat zur Gewinnung der Phenylarsine aus den zugehörigen Chloriden, da die Ph n AsH 3-n - Ausbeuten hier merklich schlechter sind.
The <i>Pseudomonas</i> Quinolone Signal Regulates <i>rhl</i> Quorum Sensing in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses intercellular signals to control the density-dependent expression of many virulence factors. The las and rhl quorum-sensing systems function, respectively, through the autoinducers N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C(4)-HSL), which are known to positively regulate the transcription of the elastase-encoding gene, lasB. Recently, we reported that a second type of intercellular signal is involved in lasB induction. This signal was identified as 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone and designated the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). PQS was determined to be part of the quorum-sensing hierarchy since its production and bioactivity depended on the las and rhl quorum-sensing systems, respectively. In order to define the role of PQS in the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing cascade, lacZ gene fusions were used to determine the effect of PQS on the transcription of the quorum-sensing system genes lasR, lasI, rhlR, and rhlI. We found that in P. aeruginosa, PQS caused a major induction of rhlI'-lacZ and had lesser effects on the transcription of lasR'-lacZ and rhlR'-lacZ. We also observed that the transcription of both rhlI'-lacZ and lasB'-lacZ was cooperatively effected by C(4)-HSL and PQS. Additionally, we present data indicating that PQS was not produced maximally until cultures reached the late stationary phase of growth. Taken together, our results imply that PQS acts as a link between the las and rhl quorum-sensing systems and that this signal is not involved in sensing cell density.
D. L. Snellgrove : Four Lamas of Dolpo, autobiographies of four Tibetan lamas (15th-18th centuries) (1972)

Stein R. A. D. L. Snellgrove : Four Lamas of Dolpo, autobiographies of four Tibetan lamas (15th-18th centuries). In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 59, 1972. pp. 319-322.
Prediction of chemical–protein interactions: multitarget-QSAR <i>versus</i> computational chemogenomic methods (2012)

Elucidation of chemical-protein interactions (CPI) is the basis of target identification and drug discovery. It is time-consuming and costly to determine CPI experimentally, and computational methods will facilitate the determination of CPI. In this study, two methods, multitarget quantitative structure-activity relationship (mt-QSAR) and computational chemogenomics, were developed for CPI prediction. Two comprehensive data sets were collected from the ChEMBL database for method assessment. One data set consisted of 81 689 CPI pairs among 50 924 compounds and 136 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), while the other one contained 43 965 CPI pairs among 23 376 compounds and 176 kinases. The range of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the test sets was 0.95 to 1.0 and 0.82 to 1.0 for 100 GPCR mt-QSAR models and 100 kinase mt-QSAR models, respectively. The AUC of 5-fold cross validation were about 0.92 for both 176 kinases and 136 GPCRs using the chemogenomic method. However, the performance of the chemogenomic method was worse than that of mt-QSAR for the external validation set. Further analysis revealed that there was a high false positive rate for the external validation set when using the chemogenomic method. In addition, we developed a web server named CPI-Predictor, , which is available for free. The methods and tool have potential applications in network pharmacology and drug repositioning.
Rensselaer 3D Integration Processes (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Via-Last 3D Platform Using Adhesive Wafer Bonding and Cu Damascene Inter-Wafer Interconnect Via-Last 3D Platform Feasibility Demonstration: Via-Chain Structure with Key Unit Processes of Alignment, Bonding, Thinning and Inter-wafer Interconnection Via-First 3D Platform with Wafer-Bonding of Damascene-Patterned Metal/Adhesive Redistribution Layers Via-First 3D Platform Feasibility Demonstration: Via-Chain Structure with Cu/BCB Redistribution Layers Unit Process Advancements Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Interconnect Summary References
Therapeutic role of dietary lactobacilli and lactobacillic fermented dairy products (1987)

Lactic acid bacteria present in the human and animal gut are introduced through fermented milk products, food and feed supplements containing viable bacteria. Lactobacillus species, such as L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. lactis along with B. bifidum and Streptococcus faecium constitute an integral part of the healthy gastro-intestinal microecology and are involved in the host metabolism. They impart nutritional and therapeutic benefits to the consumer. The vitamins and enzymes produced by the lactic acid bacteria contribute to host metabolism. The antimicrobial substances produced by these bacteria control the proliferation of undesired pathogens. They also elaborate enzymes that aid host metabolism. This is particularly true in case of lactase nonpersistent individuals. Their anticholesteremic properties assist in lowering serum cholesterol. It has been suggested that the tumor suppression trait of these microbes reduces the incidence of colon cancer.
Iemma's Faith in Nurses (2006)

NSW Premier Morris Iemma discusses his decision to make public hospital nurses government employees. Iemma states that he is proud of his commitment to nursing and to nurses and that NSW is confident about their measures to protect public sector workers, including nurses, which would withstand any challenge from the Howard Government.
Draft Genome Sequence for <i>Caulobacter</i> sp. Strain OR37, a Bacterium Tolerant to Heavy Metals (2013)

Caulobacter sp. strain OR37 belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria and was isolated from subsurface sediments in Oak Ridge, TN. Strain OR37 is noteworthy due to its tolerance to high concentrations of heavy metals, such as uranium, nickel, cobalt, and cadmium, and we present its draft genome sequence here.
Activation of insulin receptor signaling by a single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane domain. (1992)

The insulin receptor is a ligand-activated tyrosine kinase composed of two alpha and two beta subunits. A single transmembrane domain composed of 23 hydrophobic residues is contained in each beta subunit. We examined the role of the transmembrane domain in regulating insulin receptor signaling by inserting a negatively charged amino acid (Asp) for Val938 (V938D). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected with a plasmid containing both the neomycin-resistance gene and either the wild-type or the mutant (V938D) insulin receptor cDNA. Insulin binding increased similarly in CHO cells stably transfected with the wild-type and the V938D-mutant insulin receptor cDNA. Insulin stimulated glucose transport and cell growth in cells expressing the normal insulin receptor. By contrast, in the absence of insulin, glucose transport and cell growth in CHO-V938D cells were as high as in insulin-stimulated control cells and no longer responsive to insulin stimulation. Phosphorylation of the beta subunit of the insulin receptor was also increased in CHO-V938D cells not exposed to insulin. These results support an essential role of the transmembrane domain of the insulin receptor in the transduction of insulin signaling.
Partial D phenotypes and genotypes in the Chinese population (2011)

To date, this study presents the most comprehensive report on partial D in China. The distribution of partial D types in China was found to be complicated and polymorphic, whereas RhD genotyping of DVI-variant samples might give inaccurate results due to a relatively high incidence of RHD(1227G>A) in the Chinese population.
Role of Ion Transport in Control of Apoptotic Cell Death (2012)

Cell shrinkage is a hallmark and contributes to signaling of apoptosis. Apoptotic cell shrinkage requires ion transport across the cell membrane involving K(+) channels, Cl(-) or anion channels, Na(+)/H(+) exchange, Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) cotransport, and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase. Activation of K(+) channels fosters K(+) exit with decrease of cytosolic K(+) concentration, activation of anion channels triggers exit of Cl(-), organic osmolytes, and HCO3(-). Cellular loss of K(+) and organic osmolytes as well as cytosolic acidification favor apoptosis. Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels may result in apoptosis by affecting mitochondrial integrity, stimulating proteinases, inducing cell shrinkage due to activation of Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, and triggering cell-membrane scrambling. Signaling involved in the modification of cell-volume regulatory ion transport during apoptosis include mitogen-activated kinases p38, JNK, ERK1/2, MEKK1, MKK4, the small G proteins Cdc42, and/or Rac and the transcription factor p53. Osmosensing involves integrin receptors, focal adhesion kinases, and tyrosine kinase receptors. Hyperosmotic shock leads to vesicular acidification followed by activation of acid sphingomyelinase, ceramide formation, release of reactive oxygen species, activation of the tyrosine kinase Yes with subsequent stimulation of CD95 trafficking to the cell membrane. Apoptosis is counteracted by mechanisms involved in regulatory volume increase (RVI), by organic osmolytes, by focal adhesion kinase, and by heat-shock proteins. Clearly, our knowledge on the interplay between cell-volume regulatory mechanisms and suicidal cell death is still far from complete and substantial additional experimental effort is needed to elucidate the role of cell-volume regulatory mechanisms in suicidal cell death.
Molecular Alterations in Tumors and Response to Combination Chemotherapy with Gefitinib for Advanced Colorectal Cancer (2005)

p21 expression in colorectal cancer, especially in combination with p53 mutation, is a predictor of resistance to the combination chemotherapy with gefitinib. Activating EGFR mutations are rare in colorectal cancer and do not seem to confer sensitivity to gefitinib and chemotherapy.