gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Some Properties of Alcohol Acetyltransferase from Sake Yeast (1990)

Isoamyl acetate, one of the major characteristic aroma compounds of sake, was synthesized by the condensation of acetyl-CoA and isoamyl alcohol under the action of alcohol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.84) of yeast. The enzyme, which was associated with the cell membrane, was purified about 800-fold. The purified enzyme was very labile at temperatures higher than 10°C and pHs lower than 5.5 but was stable at pH 6.0–7.5. The enzyme was most active at 30°C and pH 7.0. The isoelectric point of this enzyme was 5.5. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 50,000 by gel filtration and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Development of Computer Systems for Planning and Management of Reactor Decommissioning. (2001)

The computer systems for planning and management of reactor decommissioning were developed for effective implementation of a decommissioning project. The systems are intended to be applied to construction of work breakdown structures and estimation of manpower needs, worker doses, etc. based on the unit productivity and work difficulty factors, which were developed by analyzing the actual data on the JPDR dismantling activities. In addition, information necessary for project planning can be effectively integrated as a graphical form on a computer screen by transferring the data produced by subprograms such as radioactive inventory and dose rate calculation routines among the systems. Expert systems were adopted for modeling a new decommissioning project using production rules by reconstructing work breakdown structures and work specifications. As the results, the systems were characterized by effective modeling of a decommissioning project, project management data estimation based on feedback of past experience, and information integration through the graphical user interface. On the other hands, the systems were validated by comparing the calculated results with the actual manpower needs of the JPDR dismantling activities; it is expected that the systems will be applicable to planning and evaluation of other decommissioning projects.
Therapeutic angiogenesis using naked DNA expressing two isoforms of the hepatocyte growth factor in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model☆ (2008)

Intramyocardial injection of pCK-HGF-X7 induced significant angiogenesis at infarct-border zone, and increased the left ventricular stroke volume probably caused by reverse remodeling process.
Inband scattering from arrays with series feed networks (1995)

Approximate equations are presented for the radar cross section (RCS) of a phased array antenna with a series feed beamforming network. The incident radar wave is assumed to be at the same frequency as the antenna operating frequency. In deriving the RCS formulas, multiple reflections are neglected, and like devices in the feed are assumed to have identical transmission and reflection coefficients. The approximate results are shown to be in excellent agreement with results obtained using a scattering matrix approach. The behavior of the RCS as a function of several feed design parameters is also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CONCUSSION IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL (2009)

A concussion model was developed to simulate the high velocity of impact and rapid head DeltaV of concussions in National Football League players. The new procedure can be used to evaluate immediate and latent effects of concussion and more severe injury with greater impact mass.
Low-density parity-check coded modulation using multiple signal maps and symbol decoding (2004)

This paper introduces a multiple signal mapped LDPC-BICM that enhances performance by combining coding and modulation similar to trellis coded modulations. Furthermore, a symbol decoding of LDPC-BICM is introduced, which directly uses the symbol metric. With the symbol decoding, an LDPC-BICM system can take the advantage of non-Gray constellation mappings. Simulation results are presented to show that the mixed non-Gray and Gray mapped LDPC-BICM with symbol decoding outperforms the conventional single Gray mapped LDPC-BICM with bit decoding by at least 0.2 dB.
Regulation of neurotoxin and protease formation in Clostridium botulinum Okra B and Hall A by arginine (1989)

Supplementation of a minimal medium with high levels of arginine (20 g/liter) markedly decreased neurotoxin titers and protease activities in cultures of Clostridium botulinum Okra B and Hall A. Nitrogenous nutrients that are known to be derived from arginine, including proline, glutamate, and ammonia, also decreased protease and toxin but less so than did arginine. Proteases synthesized during growth were rapidly inactivated after growth stopped in media containing high levels of arginine. Separation of extracellular proteins by electrophoresis and immunoblots with antibodies to toxin showed that the decrease in toxin titers in media containing high levels of arginine was caused by both reduced synthesis of protoxin and impaired proteolytic activation. In contrast, certain other nutritional conditions stimulated protease and toxin formation in C. botulinum and counteracted the repression by arginine. Supplementation of the minimal medium with casein or casein hydrolysates increased protease activities and toxin titers. Casein supplementation of a medium containing high levels of arginine prevented protease inactivation. High levels of glucose (50 g/liter) also delayed the inactivation of proteases in both the minimal medium and a medium containing high levels of arginine. These observations suggest that the availability of nitrogen and energy sources, particularly arginine, affects the production and proteolytic processing of toxins and proteases in C. botulinum.
Expression and function of normal and LNCaP androgen receptors in androgen-insensitive human prostatic cancer cells. Altered hormone and antihormone specificity in gene transactivation. (1991)

The gene for the androgen receptor (AR) in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP has a single-base mutation that produces a threonine to alanine change in the androgen-binding domain. Androgen-insensitive prostatic cancer (PC-3) cells were cotransfected with an expression vector encoding normal, LNCaP, or chimeric normal/LNCaP AR and a vector carrying a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene linked to the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. CAT activity was specifically induced by androgens in PC-3 cells expressing normal AR. In PC-3 cells expressing LNCaP AR, however, CAT activity was also induced by progestins and the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide, which had little activity in cells expressing normal AR. Steroid-binding competition assays using in vitro synthesized ARs showed that LNCaP AR had a higher affinity than normal AR for progestins, 17 beta-estradiol, and hydroxyflutamide. The antiprogestin and antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 induced CAT activity in PC-3 cells expressing normal AR but not LNCaP AR. These studies indicate that AR mutations may be very important in determining the appropriate method of treatment with steroid hormones or their antagonists.
Nonreciprocal Pseudotyping: Murine Leukemia Virus Proteins Cannot Efficiently Package Spleen Necrosis Virus-Based Vector RNA (1998)

It has been documented that spleen necrosis virus (SNV) can package murine leukemia virus (MLV) RNA efficiently and propagate MLV vectors to the same titers as it propagates SNV-based vectors. Although the SNV packaging signal (E) and MLV packaging signal (Psi) have little sequence homology, similar double-hairpin RNA structures were predicted and supported by experimental evidence. To test whether SNV RNA can be packaged by MLV proteins, we modified an SNV vector to be expressed in an MLV-based murine helper cell line. Surprisingly, we found that MLV proteins could not support the replication of SNV vectors. The decrease in titer was approximately 2,000- to 20,000-fold in one round of retroviral replication. RNA analysis revealed that SNV RNA was not efficiently packaged by MLV proteins. RNA hybridization of the cellular and viral RNAs indicated that SNV RNA was packaged at least 25-fold less efficiently than MLV RNA, which was the sensitivity limit of the hybridization assay. The contrast between the MLV and SNV packaging specificity is striking. SNV proteins can recognize both SNV E and MLV Psi, but MLV can recognize only MLV Psi. This is the first demonstration of two retroviruses with nonreciprocal packaging specificities.
Ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion control for circular photonic crystal fibers (2011)

A simple design procedure is utilized for achieving circular photonic crystal fibers with ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion. This procedure only requires four parameters (three air-hole diameters and one concentric spacing). The influence of the diameter of each air-hole ring on the circular PCF is investigated by simulations. The results show that the influence of air-hole size of each ring on the dispersion weakens from the inside ring to the outside. Based on the simulation results, an optimization procedure is utilized to control dispersion of the circular PCF. Through the reasonable set of concentric spacing and air-hole diameters of the inner three rings, a five-ring circular PCF with a flattened dispersion of 0 ± 0.5 ps km − 1 nm − 1 within the wavelength range of 1.215–2.02 µm is achieved. A low confinement loss of 3.2 × 10 − 3 dB km − 1 at 1.55 µm wavelength is simultaneously obtained. The influence of manufacturing imperfections of parameters on dispersion is also discussed to verify the robustness of our design.
Rapid Acquisition for Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications Using Parallel SAW Convolvers (1985)

In this paper, a technique is described which uses multiple surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in parallel to reduce the acquisition time of a direct sequence spread-spectrum communication system. Analysis of system performance in both the search and lock modes is presented, and key quantities such as probability of false alarm, probability of correct detection, mean dwell time, and mean time to lose lock are derived.
Dimerization of Nitric Oxide-sensitive Guanylyl Cyclase Requires the α1 N Terminus (2005)

The enzyme nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase is an obligate heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta subunit. Whereas the C-terminal parts of the subunits have been shown to be sufficient for catalysis, regulation was assigned to the N termini. The central domains have been postulated to be responsible for the formation of alphabeta heterodimers. Here, we have analyzed dimerization by precipitation of various N- and C-terminally truncated alpha(1) mutants with beta(1) wild type or deletion mutants thereof after coexpression in the baculovirus/Sf9 system. In contrast to the current hypothesis, our analysis revealed that an N-terminal region of the alpha(1) subunit (amino acids 61-128) is mandatory for quantitative dimerization. The central domain (amino acids 367-462) contributes but is not sufficient to mediate robust alphabeta interaction. Wild type-like binding of the identified minimum dimerization region of alpha(1) (amino acids 61-462) requires the N-terminal and central region of beta(1) (amino acids 1-385). Furthermore, we observed an unequal stability of the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunit. Whereas beta(1) forms heme containing homodimers and is stable, alpha(1) appears to be prone to misfolding and degradation when heterodimerization is impaired by deletion of important sequences.
Optimization of variable axis immersion lens for resolution and normal landing (1990)

This paper describes a variable axis immersion lens system capable of better than 0.1-μm resolution at 25 A/cm2 over a 10-mm2 deflection field with perpendicular landing for both electrostatic (high speed) and magnetic deflections. Computer predictions of spot acuity and landing angles are compared to actual measurements for various degrees of field compensation accuracy.
“Sponge” Nanoparticle Dispersions in Aqueous Mixtures of Diglycerol Monooleate, Glycerol Dioleate, and Polysorbate 80 (2006)

Lipid nanoparticles of nonlamellar lyotropic phases have a wide solubilizing and encapsulating spectrum for a range of substances thanks to their nanostructured interior featuring both lipophilic and hydrophilic domains. As a consequence, these systems have emerged as promising drug delivery systems in various pharmaceutical and diagnostic applications. Here we present the phase behavior and dispersion properties of a novel three-component lipid system composed of diglycerol monooleate (DGMO), glycerol dioleate (GDO), and polysorbate 80 (P80) which shows several advantageous features relating to drug delivery applications including: spontaneous dispersion formation with a narrow size distribution and tunable particle phase-structure. The obtained phase diagram shows the presence of lamellar (L(alpha)), hexagonal (H(2)), and reverse bicontinuous cubic (V(2)) liquid crystalline phases and an inverse micellar (L(2)) solution. A particularly interesting observation is the presence of a phase region where two liquid phases coexist, most likely the L(2) and L(3) ("sponge phase"). These two phase structures appear also to coexist in the submicron particles formed in the dilute water region, where the L(3) element appears to stabilize nanoparticles with inner L(2) structure. Increasing the fraction of the dispersing P80 component results in the growth of the more water rich L(3) "surface phase" at the expense of the size of the inner L(2) core.
Drosophila syndecan: conservation of a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. (1994)

In mammals, cell-surface heparan sulfate is required for the action of basic fibroblast growth factor, fibronectin, antithrombin III, as well as other effectors. The syndecans, a gene family of four transmembrane proteoglycans that participates in these interactions, are the major source of this heparan sulfate. Based on the conserved transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the mammalian syndecans, a single syndecan-like gene was detected and localized in the Drosophila genome. As in mammals, Drosophila syndecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed at the cell surface that can be shed from cultured cells. The single Drosophila syndecan is expressed in embryonic tissues that correspond with those tissues in mammals that express distinct members of the syndecan family predominantly. Conservation of this class of molecules suggests that Drosophila, like mammals, uses cell-surface heparan sulfate as a receptor or coreceptor for extracellular effector molecules.
The safety and efficacy of B‐domain deleted recombinant factor VIII concentrate in patients with severe haemophilia A (2003)

The results of these clinical studies indicate that BBDrFVIII is safe and effective and has haemostatic activity similar to that of full-length FVIII concentrates.
NAP and D-SAL: neuroprotection against the β amyloid peptide (1–42) (2008)

These findings, together with those of previous in vivo studies conducted in relevant Alzheimer's disease models, pave the path to drug development. Bioavailability studies indicated that NAP penetrates cells and crosses the blood-brain barrier after nasal or systemic administration. Phase II clinical trials of NAP are currently in progress by Allon Therapeutics Inc.
Drawing on drawing games. Part three (2010)

The examined, rare CCID variants in GCM2 were enriched in our cohort of patients and appear to confer a moderately increased risk of developing sporadic solitary parathyroid adenoma compared with the general population. However, penetrance of these variants is low, suggesting that the large majority of individuals with such variants will not develop a sporadic parathyroid adenoma.
reparation and Characterization of an Improved β-COOH-Terminal Immunogen for Generation of Specific and Sensitive Antisera to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin* (1982)

Antisera raised against the entire β-subunit of hCG usually cross-react to some extent with human LH. While this degree of cross-reaction in serum assays can be relatively minor, human LH becomes a greater source of error when urine specimens are concentrated for measurement of very low levels of hCG secretion. To circumvent this problem, peptides from the unique β-COOH-terminal region can be employed as immunogens to elicit antisera of greater specificity for hCG, but, to date, the synthetic and desialylated peptides from this region have failed to produce antibodies with sufficient affinities for clinical application. Since the presence of sialic acid on these peptides could influence their conformation in native hCG, we have undertaken to study the immunochemistry of sialic acid-containing βCOOH-terminal peptides. These peptides were produced by tryptic digestion of the β-subunit and separated from the disulfide-rich core by gel filtration. After reduction and carboxymethylation to destroy any contaminants possessing conformational epitopes, further purification was accomplished by gel filtration. A peptide containing residues 115–145 of the β-subunit and possessing 5.7 mol sialic acid/mol peptide was isolated and conjugated to thyroglobulin. The conjugate was used as an immunogen to produce antisera in rabbits. Six of eight rabbits responded with detectable antibodies, and four produced affinities ranging from 6.5 × 109 to 1.35 × 1010. liters/M. Rabbits immunized with the peptide preparation that had not been subjected to the conjugation procedure did not respond with measurable antibody titers. All of the antisera bound a peptide containing residues 123–145 as well as the peptide used for immunization, but had significantly reduced affinity for a peptide of residues 115–141, showing that the binding site was near the COOH-terminus. These data indicate that this form of immunogen can give rise to affinities equal to or greater than those elicited by synthetic or desialylated forms of the hCG β- COOH-terminal region. The sensitivity and specificity of these antibodies for native hCG make them potentially useful for the measurement of hormone in urine concentrates.
Bidentate ligands formed by self-assemblyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: ligand synthesis and detailed experimental data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b306683e/ (2003)

A novel supramolecular strategy to prepare bidentate ligands via the assembly of functionalised monomeric ligands on a dimeric zinc(II) porphyrin template is presented; the assembled bidentate ligands show chelating behaviour and their rhodium complexes display enhanced selectivity in the hydroformylation compared to the non-template analogue.
An algorithm for finding optimal descent trees in genealogies conditional on the observed data (2010)

There are many diseases caused by genes such as cystic fibrosis, hereditary spherocytosis and duchenne muscular dystrophy. Identifying the actual disease-causing genes is important since it may help prevent or avoid genetic disorder. Finding out which genes contribute to diseases is also helpful for understanding why some individuals are more inclined to have physical diseases than others. To do this, we should determine regions of chromosomes that are likely to contain the particular genes responsible for a given human disease. Genetic linkage analysis is developed as a statistical method that allows us to determine these regions of chromosomes. -- Geneticists use pedigrees because they offer many advantages for genetic mapping regardless of the incidence of the genetic disease. One of this advantages is that study of pedigrees is quite powerful if the disease is rare, nevertheless there are many other aspects, like genetic homogeneity, the patterns of transmission, etc. These advantages make the study of pedigrees attractive. However, utilizing such pedigrees in genetic analysis is a computationally challenging task. Time complexity of some algorithms for genetic analysis is exponential in the size of the pedigree. Therefore, it is desirable to find a potentially optimal subpedigree that connects the individuals with the disorder. The aim of this thesis is to study the methods of finding optimal subpedigrees conditional on the observed data in a large pedigree. -- In chapter 1, we first provide background of finding optimal subpedigrees in a large original pedigree problem, in particular, one method to find such subpedigrees that uses graph theory techniques. Then, we introduce some terminologies in graph theory related to the Steiner tree problem. At the end of this chapter, some basic ideas about statistical genetics are provided. -- Chapter 2 concentrates on the description of constructing subpedigrees in a large pedigree based on the Steiner tree problem in graph theory. Two pieces of software, PedHunter and Miniped, that use the Steiner tree algorithm in constructing optimal subpedigrees are introduced. The study in this chapter also enables us to consider the most likely descent trees conditional on the observed data. -- Chapter 3 is devoted to the study of algorithms for finding the most likely descent trees. We first present an algorithm to find the probability of every edge in all possible descent trees, and then reformulate this problem into a directed Steiner tree problem in graph theory. Furthermore, we provide an approximation algorithm to solve this directed Steiner tree problem. -- The final chapter summarizes the results in this thesis and points out some problems for future study.
An innovative EMI reduction design technique in power converters (1996)

The present paper deals with the problem of reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) of switched-mode power converters using gate controlled devices such as IGBTs and power MOSFETs. In order to reduce power losses, these systems rely on fast on/off time pulses, thus producing emissions due to the high-frequency spectral content of pulses. An original design method for switched-mode power supplies is developed allowing to obtain an acceptable compromise between power losses and EMI. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the commutation cell of the switching static converter in order to demonstrate that it is possible to control the emissions of the device by handling the parameters of the driver circuit. Theoretical analysis is discussed and compared with experimental results of the investigation on the spectrum amplitude of the emissions.
Synthesis of some pyrazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>][1,3]benzoxazines and a new 5<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3,2]benzoxazaphosphorine ring system (2005)

Condensations of 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazoline 3a with 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, glyoxylic acid and N,N-carbonyldiimidazole leading to pyrazolobenzoxazine derivatives were studied. The observed diastere-oselectivity is discussed. Reaction of 3a with Lawesson reagent gave rise to a new 5H-pyrazolo[1,5-c]-[1,3,2]benzoxazaphosphorine heterocyclic system.