gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of the glucose transporter of the blood-brain barrier by cytochalasin B binding and immunological reactivity. (1984)

[3H]Cytochalasin B was used as a ligand to identify and characterize the glucose transporter in cerebral microvessels of the rat and the pig. Specific cytochalasin B binding, defined as that fraction of the total binding that is stereospecifically displaced by excess (500 mM) D-glucose, is saturable. Kinetic studies of this specific binding to cerebral microvessel preparations showed a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.65-0.88 microM and a maximal binding (Bmax) of 60-80 pmol/mg of protein. In comparison, the Bmax of particulate fractions of the cerebral cortex was about one-tenth that of cerebral microvessels. The ability of various hexoses to displace specific cytochalasin B binding to cerebral microvessels in vitro correlated well with the capability of these hexoses to cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo. Irreversible photoaffinity labeling of the glucose transporter of cerebral microvessels with cytochalasin B followed by solubilization and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis labeled a polypeptide(s) with a molecular weight of about 53,000. Antibodies prepared against the glucose transporter of human erythrocytes also reacted with a polypeptide(s) with a molecular weight of about 53,000 on electrophoresed preparations of cerebral microvessels. These results indicate that cerebral microvessels are richly endowed with a glucose transporter moiety of similar molecular weight and antigenic characteristics as the glucose transporter of human erythrocytes and other mammalian tissues.
Measurement and modeling of neutral, radical, and ion densities in H2-N2-Ar plasmas (2015)

A comprehensive experimental investigation of absolute ion and neutral species densities in an inductively coupled H2-N2-Ar plasma was carried out. Additionally, the radical and ion densities were calculated using a zero-dimensional rate equation model. The H2-N2-Ar plasma was studied at a pressure of 1.5 Pa and an rf power of 200 W. The N2 partial pressure fraction was varied between fN2=0% and 56% by a simultaneous reduction of the H2 partial pressure fraction. The Ar partial pressure fraction was held constant at about 1%. NH3 was found to be produced almost exclusively on the surfaces of the chamber wall. NH3 contributes up to 12% to the background gas. To calculate the radical densities with the rate equation model, it is necessary to know the corresponding wall loss times twrad of the radicals. twrad was determined by the temporal decay of radical densities in the afterglow with ionization threshold mass spectrometry during pulsed operation and based on these experimental data the absolute densities of the radical species were calculated and compared to measurement results. Ion densities were determined using a plasma monitor (mass and energy resolved mass spectrometer). H3+ is the dominant ion in the range of 0.0≤fN2&lt;3.4%. For 3.4&lt;fN2&lt;40%, NH3+ and NH4+ are the most abundant ions and agree with each other within the experimental uncertainty. For fN2=56%, N2H+ is the dominant ion, while NH3+ and NH4+ have only a slightly lower density. Ion species with densities in the range between 0.5% and 10% of ni,tot are H2+, ArH+, and NH2+. Ion species with densities less than 0.5% of ni,tot are H+, Ar+, N+, and NH+. Our model describes the measured ion densities of the H2-N2-Ar plasma reasonably well. The ion chemistry, i.e., the production and loss processes of the ions and radicals, is discussed in detail. The main features, i.e., the qualitative abundance of the ion species and the ion density dependence on the N2 partial pressure fraction, are well reproduced by the model.
The chemistry of pyrazine and its derivatives. IX The pyrazylethylation of amines (1964)

Abstract A series of pyrazylethylated derivatives of the type C 4 H 3 N 2 CH 2 CH 2 N= has been prepared in high yields by the reactions of vinylpyrazine with amines using methanolic acetic acid or metallic sodium as the catalyst.
ADDITION OF SULFONYL CHLORIDES TO OLEFINS IN THE PRESENCE OF CATALYTIC AMOUNTS OF DICHLOROTRIS-(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM(II) (1984)

Abstract Reactions of sulfonyl chlorides with olefins catalyzed by dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) have been studied. Methanesulfonyl and arenesulfonyl chlorides added to 1-alkenes to give 1:1 adducts in high yields. Telomer formation is not observed, therefore the present reaction provides a general and convenient method for synthesis of β-chlorosulfones. A radical-chain mechanism is proposed for the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Vicinal Diamines (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of tumor‐specific cytotoxic drug activity <i>IN VITRO</i> using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay and primary cultures of tumor cells from patients (1994)

The semi-automated fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA), based on the measurement of fluorescence generated from cellular hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) by viable cells, was employed for cytotoxic drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells from patients with hematological or solid tumors. In total, 390 samples from 20 diagnoses were tested with up to 12 standard cytotoxic drugs. The technical success rate for different tumor types ranged from 67 to 95%. Fluorescence was linearly related to cell number but variably steep depending on tumor type. Samples from most solid tumors thus showed higher signal-to-noise ratios than hematological samples. A wide spectrum of in vitro drug activity was obtained, with acute leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas being sensitive to almost all tested drugs, whereas renal and adrenocortical carcinomas were essentially totally resistant. Between these extremes were samples of breast and ovarian carcinomas and sarcomas. When in vitro response was compared with known clinical response patterns, a good correspondence was observed. The results indicate that the FMCA is a rapid and efficient method for in vitro measurement of tumor-specific drug activity both in hematological and in solid tumors. The assay may be suitable for new drug development and direction of phase-2 trials to suitable patients.
畢業作品集 《祭塔》《長阪坡》 (2005)

本畢業作品集含有兩個京劇劇本：《祭塔》與《長阪坡》。《祭塔》是接續傳統民間白蛇故事，做垂直性（承接原有故事）的劇本創作，由白素貞之子許仕林祭塔始，一見母面，驚覺母親竟是豆蔻年華，容貌不曾衰老，加之白素貞誤將許仕林看做許仙，繾綣凝視，勾動許仕林潛藏多年的戀母情懷，至二人殉情於峨嵋山終。《長阪坡》直接取材自史書《三國志》，對舊有三國故事做平行性（對原有故事做不同解讀）的劇本創作，敷演一段發生於東漢建安年間的愛情故事，始於小沛甘氏嫁與劉備為妾，十四年間卻與常山趙雲互生慕情，終於劉備為曹操追及於當陽長阪，棄妻子南走，趙雲重回亂軍之中，將甘氏救出，甘氏卻抑鬱而亡止。兩個劇本有異有同，差別在於題材與背景，相同之處則是皆有強烈的個人人格貫穿角色，亦即乃是有意識的分別以「自身性格」鎔鑄與塑造角色。基於個人主體意識，將《祭塔》與《長阪坡》收於同一劇本集之中。
Gene expression during tellurium-induced primary demyelination. (1994)

A compound may be "developmentally neurotoxic" because it interferes with a metabolic step exclusively or preferentially expressed during development in a particular class of neural cells. The initial metabolic specificity is often complicated by: (1) secondary responses in the affected cells, (2) involvement of other functionally-related cell types, and (3) the presence of compensatory and/or regenerative responses. In this context we study tellurium, which systemically blocks cholesterol biosynthesis at the squalene epoxidase step. Because of the high demand in developing peripheral nerves for newly synthesized cholesterol required for myelin assembly, this metabolic block leads to demyelination of the sciatic nerve. This insult is confounded by the fact that the myelin-forming Schwann cells do not upregulate their cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This is contrary to expectations; liver (the main source of cholesterol for many tissues outside the nervous system) upregulates synthesis of cholesterol and overcomes the metabolic block. The shortage of cholesterol in Schwann cells results in an immediate secondary response down-regulation of steady-state mRNA levels for specific myelin proteins. Remyelination occurs after cessation of tellurium exposure. This model of primary demyelination allows study of Schwann-cell specific responses during the processes of myelin breakdown and subsequent steps leading to remyelination, without the complications of axonal degeneration and regeneration. Because tellurium specifically blocks the synthesis of a major required membrane component, it is also well suited for examining the coordinate control of membrane synthesis and assembly at the genomic level.
PM-20, a novel inhibitor of Cdc25A, induces extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2006)

We have synthesized several new phenyl maleimide compounds, which are potent growth inhibitors of several human tumor cell lines. Among these, PM-20 was the most potent with an IC50 of 700 nmol/L for Hep3B human hepatoma cell growth. Two other derivatives, PM-26 and PM-38, did not inhibit Hep3B cell growth even at 100 micromol/L. Interestingly, under identical experimental conditions, PM-20 inhibited DNA synthesis of primary cultures of normal hepatocytes at a 10-fold higher concentration than that needed to inhibit the DNA synthesis of the Hep3B hepatoma cells. PM-20 affected two cellular signaling pathways in Hep3B cells: Cdc25 phosphatase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. It competitively inhibited the activity of Cdc25 (preferentially Cdc25A) by binding to the active site, likely through the catalytic cysteine, but did not inhibit PTP1B, CD45, or MKP-1 phosphatases. As a result of its action, tyrosine phosphorylation of the cellular Cdc25A substrates Cdk2 and Cdk4 was induced. It also induced strong and persistent phosphorylation of the Cdc25A substrate ERK1/2. Hep3B cell lysates were found to contain ERK2 phosphatase(s) activity, which was inhibited by the actions of PM-20. However, activity of exogenous dual-specificity ERK2 phosphatase MKP1 was not inhibited. Induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation correlated with the potency of growth inhibition in tumor cell lines and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 or overexpression of the cdc25A gene in Hep3B cells antagonized the growth inhibitory actions of PM-20. Growth of transplantable rat hepatoma cells in vivo was also inhibited by PM-20 action with a concomitant induction of pERK in the tumors. The mechanism(s) of growth inhibition of Hep3B hepatoma cells by the phenyl maleimide PM-20 involves prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation, likely resulting from inhibition of the ERK phosphatase Cdc25A. PM-20 thus represents a novel class of tumor growth inhibitor that inhibits mainly Cdc25A, is dependent on ERK activation, and has a considerable margin of selectivity for tumor cells compared with normal cells.
A Legume Ethylene-Insensitive Mutant Hyperinfected by Its Rhizobial Symbiont (1997)

Development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is controlled by the host plant, although the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. A mutant in the annual legume Medicago truncatula exhibits an increase of more than an order of magnitude in the number of persistent rhizobial infections. Physiological and genetic analyses indicate that this same mutation confers insensitivity to the plant hormone ethylene for multiple aspects of plant development, including nodulation. These data support the hypothesis that ethylene is a component of the signaling pathway controlling rhizobial infection of legumes.
Update on room-temperature stability of drug products labeled for refrigerated storage (1990)

Journal Article Update on room-temperature stability of drug products labeled for refrigerated storage Get access Mazie F. Dalton-Bunnow, Mazie F. Dalton-Bunnow Clinical Pharmacist Deaconess Hospital, St. Louis, MO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fred J. Halvachs, M.A. Fred J. Halvachs, M.A. Director of Pharmacy Deaconess Hospital, St. Louis, MO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 47, Issue 11, 1 November 1990, Pages 2522–2524, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/47.11.2522 Published: 01 November 1990
Four-year clinical follow-up of the ABSORB everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold in patients with de novo coronary artery disease: the ABSORB trial (2012)

Four-year clinical results demonstrate a sustained low MACE rate (3.4%) without any late complications such as stent thrombosis.
Recent advances on polyoxometalate-based molecular and composite materials (2012)

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a subset of metal oxides with unique physical and chemical properties, which can be reliably modified through various techniques and methods to develop sophisticated materials and devices. In parallel with the large number of new crystal structures reported in the literature, the application of these POMs towards multifunctional materials has attracted considerable attention. This critical review summarizes recent progress on POM-based molecular and composite materials, and particularly highlights the emerging areas that are closely related to surface, electronic, energy, environment, life science, etc. (171 references).
Effect of Layer Charge on the Intercalation of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Layered Silicates:  Implications on Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes (2000)

The effect of layer charge on the intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was investigated using a series of reduced-charge montmorillonites and smectites with varying layer charge. The amount of intercalated polymer initially increases with layer charge but then decreases. In contrast, the amount of water present continuously increases. This water is mostly coordinated with the gallery cations. When PEO is intercalated, it replaces water molecules filling the space between the hydrated exchangeable cations. Molecular simulations confirm the experiments and show that the polymer oxygen atoms do not directly associate with the exchangeable cations, which are mostly coordinated to water molecules and surface oxygen atoms.
Quantification of<sup><i>14</i></sup>C-Labeled Amino Acids by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1989)

Abstract This study provided the first evidence indicating that o-phthalaldehyde-amino acid-derivatives are unstable during high performance liquid chromatographic separation on a reverse-phase C18 column. Instability of these derivatives on the column resulted in the formation of 14C-labeled degradation products, and caused excessive 14C-fronting of amino acid peaks. The column halflives of glutamate, arginine, and ornithine were 16, 40, and 54 minutes, respectively. Derivative break-down during derivatization also gave rise to these degradation products in the 14C-distribution profile. Thus, if OPA-derivatization is used to quantify the 14C-distribution in an unknown mixture of amino acids it is necessary to determine correction factors for each amino acid of interest. A method which uses stable phenylthiocarbamate-derivatives did not exhibit these problems and is therefore more suitable for the quantification of 14C-amino acids.
Mechanism of Inhibition of Ebola Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir (2019)

Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a 1'-cyano-substituted adenosine nucleotide analogue prodrug that shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. This compound is currently under clinical development for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). While antiviral effects have been demonstrated in cell culture and in non-human primates, the mechanism of action of Ebola virus (EBOV) inhibition for remdesivir remains to be fully elucidated. The EBOV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex was recently expressed and purified, enabling biochemical studies with the relevant triphosphate (TP) form of remdesivir and its presumptive target. In this study, we confirmed that remdesivir-TP is able to compete for incorporation with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Enzyme kinetics revealed that EBOV RdRp and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RdRp incorporate ATP and remdesivir-TP with similar efficiencies. The selectivity of ATP against remdesivir-TP is ~4 for EBOV RdRp and ~3 for RSV RdRp. In contrast, purified human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRNAP) effectively discriminates against remdesivir-TP with a selectivity value of ~500-fold. For EBOV RdRp, the incorporated inhibitor at position i does not affect the ensuing nucleotide incorporation event at position i+1. For RSV RdRp, we measured a ~6-fold inhibition at position i+1 although RNA synthesis was not terminated. Chain termination was in both cases delayed and was seen predominantly at position i+5. This pattern is specific to remdesivir-TP and its 1'-cyano modification. Compounds with modifications at the 2'-position show different patterns of inhibition. While 2'-C-methyl-ATP is not incorporated, ara-ATP acts as a non-obligate chain terminator and prevents nucleotide incorporation at position i+1. Taken together, our biochemical data indicate that the major contribution to EBOV RNA synthesis inhibition by remdesivir can be ascribed to delayed chain termination. The long distance of five residues between the incorporated nucleotide analogue and its inhibitory effect warrant further investigation.
Controlling TCP ACK transmission: Impact of discard ratio on performance in LTE-Advanced Pro (2017)

Recent research interest in cellular communication systems focuses on the design of the radio access networks (RAN) considering Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) behavior. However, less attention has been paid to the specific transmission method of TCP ACK. The authors have been studying methods including TCP ACK filtering that can well work with the link layer protocols in LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro), where the TCP ACKs can be intentionally discarded. Basic methods of TCP ACK filtering have been investigated and it has been clarified that there is a method that can accomplish good TCP throughput with a reduced number of TCP ACKs. In this paper, we further study TCP ACK filtering and develop new methods, which are generalized methods of TCP ACK filtering. The novel feature of our new method is that the TCP ACK filtering can be controlled by a “discard ratio” parameter. The performance is evaluated by computer simulations. It is observed that the TCP throughput remains good even when the discard ratio is set to large values. In addition, it is found that there exists a value of the “discard ratio which can minimize the number of TCP ACKs while maintaining good TCP throughput.
Stochastic Averaging of Strongly Nonlinear Oscillators Under Combined Harmonic and Wide-Band Noise Excitations (2008)

Physical and engineering systems are often subjected to combined harmonic and random excitations. The random excitation is often modeled as Gaussian white noise for mathematical tractability. However, in practice, the random excitation is nonwhite. This paper investigates the stationary response probability density of strongly nonlinear oscillators under combined harmonic and wide-band noise excitations. By using generalized harmonic functions, a new stochastic averaging procedure for estimating stationary response probability density of strongly nonlinear oscillators under combined harmonic and wide-band noise excitations is developed. The damping can be linear and (or) nonlinear and the excitations can be external and (or) parametric. After stochastic averaging, the system state is represented by two-dimensional time-homogeneous diffusive Markov processes. The method of reduced Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation is used to investigate the stationary response of the vibration system. A nonlinearly damped Duffing oscillator is taken as an example to show the application and validity of the method. In the case of primary external resonance, based on the stationary joint probability density of amplitude and phase difference, the stochastic jump of the Duffing oscillator and P-bifurcation as the system parameters change are examined for the first time. The agreement between the analytical results and those from Monte Carlo simulation of original system shows that the proposed procedure works quite well.
Conversion of Glycerol to Poly(3-Hydroxypropionate) in Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2009)

We have developed the conversion of glycerol into thermoplastic poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)]. For this, the genes for glycerol dehydratase (dhaB1) of Clostridium butyricum, propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (pduP) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (phaC1) of Ralstonia eutropha were expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli. Poly(3HP) was accumulated up to 11.98% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]) in a two-step, fed-batch fermentation. The present study shows an interesting application to engineer a poly(3HP) synthesis pathway in bacteria.
Recent developments in the medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (1998)

The cause or causes of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease remain obscure, but advances in the understanding of inflammation and its mediators have now translated into practical applications. There is increasing evidence that intestinal mucosal inflammation is mediated by cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators that affect the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Standard medical therapy for inflammatory bowel disease uses drugs with a variety of anti-inflammatory effects and poorly defined molecular targets. These advances in understanding of the mechanisms of mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease have provided a means for the development of specific immuno-modifying treatments based on anti-cytokine strategies. The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease may be equally large in ulcerative colitis and in Crohn's disease, but therapeutic interventions are most vital in Crohn's disease, where surgical cure is never certain. A better understanding of the role of cytokines in these diseases will also help explain the mechanism behind successful traditional treatments. Although some therapies are used in both conditions, we will organize our discussion on advances in medical therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in 1997 largely by disease.
Lactic acid fermentation of pasteurized and powdered milk and optimizing the factors affecting the fermentation process (2013)

A Thesis submitted to BRAC University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelors degree in Microbiology
Mechanics of elastic networks (2014)

We consider a periodic lattice structure in <i>d</i>=2 or 3 dimensions with unit cell comprising <i>Z</i> thin elastic members emanating from a similarly situated central node. A general theoretical approach provides an algebraic formula for the effective elasticity of such frameworks. The method yields the effective cubic elastic constants for three-dimensional space-filling lattices with <i>Z</i>=4, 6, 8, 12 and 14, the last being the 'stiffest' lattice proposed by Gurtner & Durand (Gurtner & Durand 2014 <i>Proc. R. Soc. A</i><b>470</b>, 20130611. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0611)). The analytical expressions provide explicit formulae for the effective properties of pentamode materials, both isotropic and anisotropic, obtained from the general formulation in the stretch-dominated limit for <i>Z</i>=<i>d</i>+1.