gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrofit of waste-to-energy facilities equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Volume I: Report (1996)

To help lower the cost of compliance for waste-to-energy facilities, a retrofit technology using water spray temperature reduction combined with dry acid gas control reagent and powdered activated carbon [PAC] injection was tested in November, 1995 as part of an American Society of Mechanical Engineers' [ASME] Center for Research and Technology Development [CRTD] effort supported in part by the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory [NREL] and directed by the ASME Research Committee on Industrial and Municipal Waste. 2,000 mg/dsm{sup 3} @ 7% O{sub 2} (150 lb/hr) of trona (a natural sodium sesquicarbonate ore) injected through a rapid dispersion lance successfully controlled more than 50 percent of the acid gases. This should let facilities under 250 TPD meet the small plant guidelines for acid gas control. Various levels of PAC were injected along with the trona. 300 mg/dsm{sup 3} 7% O{sub 2} of PAC provides a comfortable margin between the emissions limitations achieved and both large and small plant regulatory guidelines for tetra- through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans [PCDD/F] and mercury when the ESP is operated below 350 F. Bi-fluid nozzles were used to spray finely atomized water between the economizer outlet and ESP inlet to maintain temperatures in the desired 300-350 F range. Particulate and metals emissions limitations were met by this 400 ft{sup 2}/1,000 acft{sup 2} specific collector area [SCA], 3-field ESP. Both the water sprays and PAC improved ESP performance. The demonstration was successful. With dry PAC, acid gas reagent injection, and temperature reduction, MWC emissions guidelines for facilities smaller than 250 TPD can be reliably met. Everything except the large facilities SO{sub 2} and HCl guideline emissions limitations was achieved. Better acid gas control should be achievable with more reagent addition if the ESP is efficient enough to avoid violating particulate limits.
Smaller samples, more sensitivity for NMR (1996)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSmaller samples, more sensitivity for NMRRON DAGANICite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 1, 8–9Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v074n001.p008ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n001.p008anewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Efficient primal heuristic updates for the blocking job shop problem (2021)

The blocking job shop problem is a variant of the classical job shop problem, where a job continues to block a machine after being serviced, until the downstream machine needed by the job becomes available. Many real world problems have been modeled as blocking job shop problems, and local search heuristics have been shown to produce good quality solutions. Existing literature shows that the computational complexity of these local search algorithms is very high, severely limiting their practical performance. In this work, we present new theoretical results for blocking job shop and show how these results can be used to significantly improve the computational efficiency of existing local search procedures. We empirically evaluate the proposed algorithm updates on existing benchmarks. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the current state-of-the-art, by consistently matching or improving previous best known results, usually within a fraction of the time reported for blocking job shop benchmarks. Due to the efficiency in neighborhood computations, our approach scales up to larger size problems than have been considered in prior studies. In particular, for the first time for blocking job shop, we show results for the 100 x 20 instances in Taillard’s benchmark.
Simulation of the Intake and Compression Strokes of a Motored 4-Valve Si Engine with a Finite Element Code (1999)

A CFD code, using a mixed finite volumes - finite elements method on tetraedrons, is now available for engine simulations. The code takes into account the displacement of moving walls such as piston and valves in a full automatic way: a single mesh is used for a full computation and no intervention of the user is necessary. A fourth order implicit spatial scheme and a first order implicit temporal scheme are used. The work presented in this paper is part of a larger program for the validation of this new numerical tool for engine applications. Here, comparisons between computation and experiments of the intake and compression strokes of a four-valve engine were carried out. The experimental investigations are conducted on a single cylinder four valve optical research engine. The turbulence intensity, mean velocity components, tumble and swirl ratios in the combustion chamber are deduced from the LDV measurements. The comparisons between computations and experiments are made on the mean velocity flow field at different locations inside the chamber and for different crank angles. We also present some global comparisons (swirl and tumble ratios). The simulation shows excellent agreement between computations and experiments.
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (2016)

Viruses continue to evolve a new strategy to take advantage of every aspect of host cells in order to maximize their survival. Due to their central roles in transducing a variety of transmembrane signals, GPCRs seem to be a prime target for viruses to pirate for their own use. Incorporation of GPCR functionality into the genome of herpesviruses has been demonstrated to be essential for pathogenesis of many herpesviruses-induced diseases. Here, we introduce US28 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as the beststudied example of virally-encoded GPCRs to manipulate host GPCR signaling. In this review, we wish to summarize a number of US28-related topics including its regulation of host signaling pathways, its constitutive internalization, its structural and functional analysis, its roles in HCMV biology and pathogenesis, its proliferative activities and role in oncogenesis, and pharmacological modulation of its biological activities. This review will aid in our understanding of how pathogenic viruses usurp the host GPCR signaling for successful viral infection. This kind of knowledge will enable us to build a better strategy to control viral infection by normalizing the virally-dysregulated host GPCR signaling.
Targeting selectins and selectin ligands in inflammation and cancer (2007)

Inflammation and cancer metastasis are associated with extravasation of leukocytes or tumor cells from blood into tissue. Such movement is believed to follow a coordinated and sequential molecular cascade initiated, in part, by the three members of the selectin family of carbohydrate-binding proteins: E-selectin (CD62E), L-selectin (CD62L) and P-selectin (CD62P). E-selectin is particularly noteworthy in disease by virtue of its expression on activated endothelium and on bone-skin microvascular linings and for its role in cell rolling, cell signaling and chemotaxis. E-selectin, along with L- or P-selectin, mediates cell tethering and rolling interactions through the recognition of sialo-fucosylated Lewis carbohydrates expressed on structurally diverse protein-lipid ligands on circulating leukocytes or tumor cells. Major advances in understanding the role of E-selectin in inflammation and cancer have been advanced by experiments assaying E-selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes and tumor cells under hydrodynamic shear flow, by clinical models of E-selectin-dependent inflammation, by mice deficient in E-selectin and by mice deficient in glycosyltransferases that regulate the binding activity of E-selectin ligands. Here, the authors elaborate on how E-selectin and its ligands may facilitate leukocyte or tumor cell recruitment in inflammatory and metastatic settings. Antagonists that target cellular interactions with E-selectin and other members of the selectin family, including neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, competitive ligand inhibitors or metabolic carbohydrate mimetics, exemplify a growing arsenal of potentially effective therapeutics in controlling inflammation and the metastatic behavior of cancer.
Evidence of the role of defects near the injecting interface in determining SiO2 breakdown (1987)

Experimental results on oxide breakdown in thin insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor structures are presented to show that at a microscopic level breakdown is related to defects located near the injecting interface. In addition, breakdown is found to be almost independent of electron fluence.
COUPLED MAGNETIC FIELD AND VISCOELASTICITY OF FERROGEL (2011)

Composed of a soft polymer matrix and magnetic filler particles, ferrogel is a smart material responsive to magnetic fields. Due to the viscoelasticity of the matrix, the behaviors of ferrogel are usually rate-dependent. Very few models with coupled magnetic field and viscoelasticity exist in the literature, and even fewer are capable of reliable predictions. Based on the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, a field theory is developed to describe the magneto-viscoelastic property of ferrogel. The theory provides a guideline for experimental characterizations and structural designs of ferrogel-based devices. A specific material model is then selected and the theory is implemented in a finite element code. Through numerical examples, the responses of a ferrogel in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields are analyzed. The dynamic response of a ferrogel to cyclic magnetic fields is also studied, and the prediction agrees with our experimental results. In the reversible limit, our theory recovers existing models for elastic ferrogel, and is capable of capturing some instability phenomena.
Elevated oxidase and esterase levels associated with permethrin tolerance in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> from Kenyan villages using permethrin‐impregnated nets (1999)

The permethrin tolerance (PT) of a population of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) increased following the introduction of permethrin-impregnated nets for malaria control in certain villages near Kisumu, western Kenya. Using a biochemical test that indirectly measures oxidases associated with permethrin resistance, we found that this population had higher oxidase levels than a comparison population from villages without impregnated nets. Mosquitoes from a colony of An. gambiae selected for PT, the RSP (reduced susceptibility to permethrin) strain, were exposed to permethrin with or without the oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PB). Significantly higher mortality rates occurred when permethrin was synergized by PB, presumably by suppression of oxidases responsible for PT. An unselected (UNS) colony of An. gambiae that was more susceptible than RSP in a permethrin-susceptibility bioassay (i.e. LT50 22 min for UNS, vs. 42min for RSP) was compared with the RSP colony for levels of oxidases and esterases. The levels of both enzymes were very significantly higher in the RSP strain (P<0.0001). We speculate that use of impregnated nets selected for higher oxidase and esterase levels in An. gambiae to metabolize permethrin acquired from the nets. Both oxidase and esterase mechanisms could confer cross-resistance to other pyrethroids.
Do intelligent configuration search techniques outperform random search for large molecules? (1992)

Abstract We compare three global configuration search methods on a scalable model problem to measure relative performance over a range of molecule sizes. Our model problem is a 2‐D polymer composed of atoms connected by rigid rods in which all pairs of atoms interact via Lennard–Jones potentials. The global minimum energy can be calculated analytically. The search methods are all hybrids combining a global sampling algorithm with a local refinement technique. The sampling methods are simulated annealing ( SA ), genetic algorithms ( GA ), and random search. Each of these uses a conjugate gradient ( CG ) routine to perform the local refinement. Both GA and SA perform progressively better relative to random search as the molecule size increases. We also test two other local refinement techniques in addition to CG , coupled to random search as the global method. These are simplex followed by CG and simplex followed by block‐truncated Newton. For small problems, the addition of the intermediate simplex step improved the performance of the overall hybrid method. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pharmacology of adapalene (1998)

Adapalene, a synthetic retinoid, is a new drug proposed for the treatment of acne patients. Studies on the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of adapalene have shown that it is very active on cell and tissue proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, adapalene has anti-inflammatory potential as determined by its anti-AP1 activity. Adapalene interacts selectively with the nuclear receptors RAR beta and RAR gamma, and its activity on proliferation and differentiation can be blocked by a RAR beta-gamma antagonist. Because RAR beta is not expressed in human keratinocytes, the effect of adapalene on the major cell type of the epidermis is certainly mediated by its interaction with RAR gamma. The unique pharmacological properties of adapalene may explain why, when compared to tretinoin, it has an improved therapeutic ratio due to its better tolerance.
Enantioselective Halogenative Semi‐Pinacol Rearrangement: Extension of Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Investigations (2015)

The present Full Paper article discloses a survey of our recent results obtained in the context of the enantioselective halogenation-initiated semi-pinacol rearrangement. Commencing with the fluorination/semi-pinacol reaction first and moving to the heavier halogens (bromine and iodine) second, the scope and limitations of the halogenative phase-transfer methodology will be discussed and compared. An extension of the fluorination/semi-pinacol reaction to the ring-expansion of five-membered allylic cyclopentanols will be also described, as well as some preliminary results on substrates prone to desymmetrization will be given. Finally, the present manuscript will culminate with a detailed mechanistic investigation of the canonical fluorination/semi-pinacol reaction. Our mechanistic discussion will be based on in situ reaction progress monitoring, complemented with substituent effect, kinetic isotopic effect and non-linear behaviour studies.
IL23R Arg381Gln is associated with childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease in Scotland (2007)

The discovery of NOD2/CARD15 as the first susceptibility gene in Crohn’s disease has contributed significantly to a fundamental change in the direction of basic research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), triggering renewed interest in the integrity of the innate immune response in IBD and appropriate orchestration of a subsequent adaptive immune response.1,2 More widely, in all complex diseases this finding in 2001 provided a much welcomed and needed proof of principle for non-parametric linkage analysis.

Another study with major implications for the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease as well as for investigation of all complex disorders has recently been published.3 The North American consortium performed an association study testing 308 332 markers spanning the entire genome in 567 patients with ileal Crohn’s disease and 571 controls of non-Jewish European ancestry. Of the three markers reported to retain significance after stringent Bonferroni correction, two were located in the NOD2/CARD15 gene. The third marker (rs11209026) was a non-synonymous variant in the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) gene on chromosome 1p31. Replication was obtained in the index paper in a Jewish ancestry case-control analysis of patients with Crohn’s disease by transmission disequilibrium testing in 883 families with offspring affected by IBD and in a combined case-control analysis …
Dependence in probabilistic modeling, Dempster-Shafer theory, and probability bounds analysis. (2004)

This report summarizes methods to incorporate information (or lack of information) about inter-variable dependence into risk assessments that use Dempster-Shafer theory or probability bounds analysis to address epistemic and aleatory uncertainty. The report reviews techniques for simulating correlated variates for a given correlation measure and dependence model, computation of bounds on distribution functions under a specified dependence model, formulation of parametric and empirical dependence models, and bounding approaches that can be used when information about the intervariable dependence is incomplete. The report also reviews several of the most pervasive and dangerous myths among risk analysts about dependence in probabilistic models.
A new catheter for angioplasty of the right coronary artery and aorto‐coronary bypass grafts (1985)

We have developed a new guiding catheter for angioplasty of the right coronary artery (RCA) and venous bypass grafts (VG). This catheter is easy to manipulate, provides a good "backup", and is unusually helpful in angioplasty of the RCA with a usual as well as a complex course. The catheter is equally successful in angioplasty of bypass grafts. We have used this guiding catheter for angioplasty of the RCA and VG in 27 consecutive cases. In 22 patients (81%), successful dilatation was achieved. Inadequate "backup" was responsible for two of the five unsuccessful angioplasties; therefore, the catheter provided a good "backup" in 25/27 (93%) cases. No major complication occurred in this group of patients.
Nature of active species of (VO)<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>for selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (1989)

TEM, EXAFS, FTIR, temporal analysis of products (TAP), stopped-flow desorption (SFD) and catalytic measurements of (VO)2P2O7 are reported. The reduced interaction between (020) planes of (VO)2P2O7 in samples prepared in an organic medium induces a charge localization on the V atoms of the coupled trans-vanadyl present in this plane, enhancing their catalytic reactivity in butane oxidation. Contiguous surface Brønsted sites (P—OH) also participate in the mechanism of selective oxidation. C-containing residues are present in relevant amount on the surface during catalytic experiments and give rise to a specific fouling of the active sites, but their possible role as co-catalysts in the transfer mechanisms of single activated species is also discussed.
Mass spectrometry: a textbook (2004)

Hyphenated Methods) deserve my deep gratitude.Many manufacturers of mass spectrometers and mass spectrometry supply are gratefully acknowledged for sending large collections of schemes and photographs for use in this book.
SOFTCBIR: Object Searching in Videos Combining Keypoint Matching and Graduated Assignment (2006)

This paper proposes a new approach to object searching in video databases, SoftCBIR, which combines a keypoint matching algorithm and a graduated assignment algorithm based on softassign. Compared with previous approaches, SoftCBIR is an innovative combination of two powerful techniques: 1) An energy minimization algorithm is applied to match two groups of keypoints while accounting for both their similarity in descriptor space and the consistency of their geometric configuration. The algorithm computes correspondence and pose transformation between two groups of keypoints iteratively and alternately toward an optimal result. The objective energy function combines normalized distance errors in descriptor space and in the spatial domain. 2) Initial individual keypoint matching relies on Approximate K-Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search. ANN achieves much more accurate initial keypoint matching results in the descriptor space than K-means labeling. Experiments prove the e! ectiveness of our approach, and demonstrate the performance improvements rising from the combination of the two proposed techniques in the SoftCBIR algorithm.
Unidirectional dominance of cytoplasmic inheritance in two genetic crosses of Plasmodium falciparum. (1993)

Malarial parasites have two highly conserved cytoplasmic DNA molecules: a 6-kb tandemly arrayed DNA that has characteristics of a mitochondrial genome, and a 35-kb circular DNA that encodes functions commonly found in chloroplasts. We examined the inheritance pattern of these elements in two genetic crosses of Plasmodium falciparum clones. Parent-specific oligonucleotide probes and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis identified single nucleotide changes that distinguished the parental 6- and 35-kb DNA molecules in the progeny. In all 16 independent recombinant progeny of a cross between a Central American clone, HB3, and a Southeast Asian clone, Dd2, the 6- and 35-kb DNAs were inherited from the Dd2 parent. In all nine independent recombinant progeny of a cross between clone HB3 and a likely African clone, 3D7, the 6-kb DNA was inherited from the 3D7 parent. Inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes of the Dd2 and 3D7 parents was, therefore, dominant over that of the HB3 parent. Cytoplasmic DNA molecules were found almost exclusively in the female gametes of malarial parasites; hence, clone HB3 did not appear to have served as a maternal parent for the progeny of two crosses. Defective differentiation into male gametes by clone Dd2 is likely to be a reason for the cytoplasmic inheritance pattern seen in the HB3 x Dd2 cross. However, incompetence of male or female gametes is unlikely to explain the uniparental dominance in recombinant progeny of the HB3 x 3D7 cross, since both parents readily self-fertilized and completed the malaria life cycle on their own. Instead, the data suggest unidirectional parental incompatibility in cross-fertilization of these malarial parasites, where a usually cosexual parental clone can participate only as a male or as a female. Such an incompatibility may be speculated as indicating an early phase of reproductive isolation of P. falciparum clones from different geographical regions.