gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cineangiography of the heart in a single breath hold with a segmented turboFLASH sequence. (1991)

Six healthy volunteers and three patients with cardiac anomalies were studied in a comparison of segmented turboFLASH (fast low-angle shot) cine, a method of magnetic resonance imaging that permits an entire series of high-resolution cine images to be obtained in one breath hold, with standard cine. Segmented turboFLASH uses a gradient-echo sequence designed for short imaging times in combination with a segmented data acquisition method. Presaturation pulses were applied to eliminate the blood pool signal; the signal-to-noise ratio was assessed with a phantom. Standard hardware and image reconstruction methods were used. The breath-hold images consistently showed reduced ghosting and blurring from respiration. Because a very short echo time was used, segmented turboFLASH was relatively insensitive to dephasing caused by local field disturbances or flow. The authors conclude that, by reducing imaging times and eliminating respiratory artifact, segmented turboFLASH can be useful for performing cine studies of the heart and great vessels.
Single‐end time‐domain transient electrical signals based protection principle and its efficient setting calculation method for LCC‐HVDC lines (2017)

In view of the facts that existing line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC‐HVDC) line protection cannot realise satisfactory selectivity, speed, sensitivity, reliability and practicability simultaneously, and that the work of setting calculation for line protection is very onerous and time‐consuming due to extremely large amounts of electromagnetic transient simulations, a novel single‐end time‐domain transient electrical signals based protection principle incorporating all these satisfactory features and its efficient setting calculation method are proposed. For the proposed protection principle, the DC line current change criterion is employed as a directional element, which can identify faults in the positive direction of line protection, while the rate of voltage change criterion is used as a boundary element, through which the opposite internal and external faults can be distinguished. Moreover, an efficient setting calculation method is proposed based on a so‐called ‘setting calculation preparation quantity’ concept, through which the setting calculation values can be determined efficiently based on only several simulations by systematically analysing the impact of various operating conditions on the post‐fault transient electrical signals of LCC‐HVDC systems. Finally, the simulation result based on a ±800 kV ultra‐HVDC practical model verifies the validity of the proposed protection principle and its efficient setting calculation method.
Precursor Powders for Sulfide Ceramics Prepared by Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions (1983)

Precursor oxide powders for the synthesis of ternary sulfide ceramics can be prepared by the evaporative decomposition of nitrate solutions. The oxides can be sulfidized inflowing H,S at 1000 C with little grain growth. Ceramics prepared by direct sintering of these powders in flowing H0S have a much lower porosity than ceramics prepared from conventionally fired powders and sintered under identical conditions. Particle sizes are in the micrometer size range, in agreement with calculation .
Enhancement in Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Purity via Hydrocarbon Solvent Injection to a TEG + Water System in a Batch Distillation Column (2011)

Triethylene glycol (TEG) is one of the most important liquid desiccants in the natural gas dehydration industry. In enhanced TEG regeneration processes, liquid hydrocarbons such as toluene and isooctane are added to the stripping column of natural gas dehydration unit in order to boost water volatility and regenerate TEG to higher purity. In this study, isooctane and toluene were selected as liquid hydrocarbon solvents and the effect of these two solvents on TEG purity and the outlet water concentration from the reboiler of tray column were experimentally investigated and mathematically modeled. The vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations were performed using the NRTL activity coefficient model and ideal gas equation of state to represent the liquid and vapor phases, respectively. Moreover, a comprehensive model was used to determine the liquid molar flow rate on each tray where it changed with time and tray by tray. The impact of various concentrations of solvents and different operating conditions (total and no reflux) on the performance of the tray column was investigated. The modeling results were validated with the experimental data, and good agreement was observed between them. Results showed that the least water concentration in the reboiler and the highest TEG purity were achieved by adding 0.15 wt % isooctane under total reflux conditions. The achieved results can provide an initial insight into designing equipments in enhanced TEG regeneration processes with hydrocarbon solvent injection.
Analysis of Multiconductor Coupled-Line Marchand Baluns for Miniature MMIC Design (2007)

The analysis and systematic design procedure for multiconductor coupled-line Marchand baluns are presented in this paper. A simple two-conductor coupled-line model is used to analyze the Marchand balun and simplify the analysis significantly. Two monolithic balanced frequency doublers with miniature Marchand baluns are implemented to verify the design procedure. Both the chips achieve the smallest chip sizes at their operating frequencies with comparable performance.
[Impact of patients with tuberculosis in the penitentiary system on the infection and morbidity rates of the population]. (2004)

The paper shows infection and morbidity rates in children in the flat and territorial foci of bacterial isolates released from confinement institutions and in the socially favorable foci, as well as infection rates in children in the areas when correctional facilities are located. Patients with tuberculosis who are in the correctional facilities have been found to have a negative impact on the infection rates in children living in the areas when correctional facilities are located. So have those released from penitentiary facilities on the infection and morbidity rates in children in the flat and territorial foci.
H3K4me1 marks DNA regions hypomethylated during aging in human stem and differentiated cells (2014)

In differentiated cells, aging is associated with hypermethylation of DNA regions enriched in repressive histone post-translational modifications. However, the chromatin marks associated with changes in DNA methylation in adult stem cells during lifetime are still largely unknown. Here, DNA methylation profiling of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from individuals aged 2 to 92 yr identified 18,735 hypermethylated and 45,407 hypomethylated CpG sites associated with aging. As in differentiated cells, hypermethylated sequences were enriched in chromatin repressive marks. Most importantly, hypomethylated CpG sites were strongly enriched in the active chromatin mark H3K4me1 in stem and differentiated cells, suggesting this is a cell type-independent chromatin signature of DNA hypomethylation during aging. Analysis of scedasticity showed that interindividual variability of DNA methylation increased during aging in MSCs and differentiated cells, providing a new avenue for the identification of DNA methylation changes over time. DNA methylation profiling of genetically identical individuals showed that both the tendency of DNA methylation changes and scedasticity depended on nongenetic as well as genetic factors. Our results indicate that the dynamics of DNA methylation during aging depend on a complex mixture of factors that include the DNA sequence, cell type, and chromatin context involved and that, depending on the locus, the changes can be modulated by genetic and/or external factors.
Vibratory stimulation for the alleviation of chronic pain. (1983)

The pain relieving effect of vibratory stimulation was studied in 731 patients suffering from acute pain (135 patients) or chronic pain (596 patients). Most of the patients had previously undergone treatments of various kinds without sufficient pain relief. The effect of vibratory stimulation was assessed before, during and after stimulation using different rating scales. About 70% of the patients reported reduction of pain during vibratory stimulation. In many patients there was a clear relation between the degree of reduction of pain and the intensity of pain before the beginning of stimulation. In general, relief of pain by more than 50% during stimulation was obtained in the patients who reported light, light to moderate, or moderate pain. The patients with moderate to severe, or severe pain before stimulation generally reported a reduction of pain of 50% or less. The best pain reducing site was found to be either the area of pain or close to it, the antagonistic muscle or a trigger point near the painful area. In most patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain the best pain reducing effect was obtained when the vibratory stimulation was applied with moderate pressure (at which contact was achieved with underlying bone) at a frequency of 50-150 Hz. To obtain a maximal duration of pain relief the stimulation had to be applied for 30-45 minutes. Many of the patients experienced pain relief lasting for more than 3 hours. It may be noticed that in many patients the pain relief lasted for 12 hours or more. There was a good correlation between the degree of pain relief and its duration. In the patients who experienced a pain reduction of 50% or less the pain relief generally lasted for less than 6 hours while in the patients who experienced pain relief of more than 50% it lasted for more than 6 hours. In comparison with high or low frequency TENS, vibratory stimulation was found to be as effective and in some patients even more effective in reducing chronic musculoskeletal or orofacial pain. The effect of 20 Hz, 100 Hz and 200 Hz vibratory stimulation, high frequency TENS, low frequency TENS and "placebo" vibratory stimulation was examined in various chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. 82% of the patients experienced a relief of pain with any of the above mentioned methods; 47% of the patients experienced a reduction of pain with vibratory stimulation or TENS stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) for tumor markers in breast cancer. SOR Working Group]. (2000)

The main recommendations are: 1) CA 15.3 and CEA are the serum tumour markers most often used in breast cancer (standard). 2) If the CA 15.3 is raised at presentation, there is no place for the measurement of other tumour markers (standard, expert agreement). 3) All analyses for each patient must be performed in the same laboratory, using the same technique (standard, expert agreement). 4) CA 15.3 should not be used for screening or diagnosis. 5) The level of CA 15.3 before treatment is a recognised prognostic factor, the independent value of which has not been proven (standard, level of evidence C). 6) If the initial value of CA 15.3 is greater than 50 kU.L(-1), disseminated disease should be actively sought before any treatment decisions are made (standard, expert agreement). 7) An initial elevation of CA 15.3 that does not return to normal, reflects a lack of response to treatment and is a strong adverse prognostic factor (standard, level of evidence C). 8) The accuracy of tumours markers (especially CA 15.3) as early indicators of metastatic disease is well recognised (standard) but the clinical benefit has not been established. 9) There is a correlation between tumour markers and clinical response in the treatment of metastatic disease (level of evidence C). The level of CA 15.3 in metastatic disease does not predict response to treatment.
Automatic picking of seismic arrivals in local earthquake data using an artificial neural network (1995)

A preliminary study is performed to test the ability of an artificial neural network (ANN) to detect and pick seismic arrivals from local earthquake data. This is achieved using three-component recordings by utilizing the vector modulus of these seismic records as the network input. A discriminant function, F(t), determined from the output of the trained ANN, is then employed to define the arrival onset. 877 pre-triggered recordings from two stations in a local earthquake network are analysed by an ANN trained with only nine P waves and nine noise segments. The data have a range of magnitudes (ML) from -0.3 to 1.0, and signal-to-noise ratios from 1 to 200. Comparing the results with manual picks, the ANN can accurately detect 93.9 per cent of the P waves and also 90.3 per cent of the S waves with a F(t) threshold set at 0.6 (maximum is 1.0). These statistics do not include false alarms due to other non-seismic signals or unusable records due to excessive noise. In 17.2 per cent of the cases the ANN detected false alarms prior to the event. Determining the onset times by using the local maximum of F(t), we find that 75.4 per cent of the P-wave estimates and 66.7 per cent of the S-wave estimates are within one sample increment (10 ms) of the reference data picked manually. Only 7.7 per cent of the P-wave estimates and 11.8 per cent of the S-wave estimates are inaccurate by more than five sample increments (50 ms). The majority of these records have distinct local P and S waves. The ANN also works for seismograms with low signal-to-noise ratios, where visual examination is difficult. The examples show the adaptive nature of the ANN, and that its ability to pick may be improved by adding or adjusting the training data. The ANN has potential as a tool to pick arrivals automatically. This algorithm has been adopted as a component in the early stages of our development of an automated subsystem to analyse local earthquake data. Further potential applications for the neural network include editing of poor traces (before present algorithm) and rejection of false alarms (after this present algorithm).
Museu e interatividade: o exploratorium e uma entrevista com Paul Doherty (2012)

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Lung Cancer: Potential and Challenges (2021)

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has exhibited a substantial clinical response in hematological malignancies, including B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Therefore, the feasibility of using CAR-T cells to treat solid tumors is actively evaluated. Currently, multiple basic research projects and clinical trials are being conducted to treat lung cancer with CAR-T cell therapy. Although numerous advances in CAR-T cell therapy have been made in hematological tumors, the technology still entails considerable challenges in treating lung cancer, such as on-target, of-tumor toxicity, paucity of tumor-specific antigen targets, T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment, and low infiltration level of immune cells into solid tumor niches, which are even more complicated than their application in hematological tumors. Thus, progress in the scientific understanding of tumor immunology and improvements in the manufacture of cell products are advancing the clinical translation of these important cellular immunotherapies. This review focused on the latest research progress of CAR-T cell therapy in lung cancer treatment and for the first time, demonstrated the underlying challenges and future engineering strategies for the clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy against lung cancer.
A novel thin-overcladding spot-size converter for efficient silicon-wire optical interconnections and waveguide circuits (2008)

We present a novel inverse-taper spot-size converter with submicron-thick overcladding for silicon-based optical interconnections and waveguide circuits. Utilizing this structure, a flying-junction underpass silicon-wire cross-connect on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is demonstrated.
Charting the Right Manifold: Manifold Mixup for Few-shot Learning (2020)

Few-shot learning algorithms aim to learn model parameters capable of adapting to unseen classes with the help of only a few labeled examples. A recent regularization technique - Manifold Mixup focuses on learning a general-purpose representation, robust to small changes in the data distribution. Since the goal of few-shot learning is closely linked to robust representation learning, we study Manifold Mixup in this problem setting. Self-supervised learning is another technique that learns semantically meaningful features, using only the inherent structure of the data. This work investigates the role of learning relevant feature manifold for few-shot tasks using self-supervision and regularization techniques. We observe that regularizing the feature manifold, enriched via self-supervised techniques, with Manifold Mixup significantly improves few-shot learning performance. We show that our proposed method S2M2 beats the current state-of-the-art accuracy on standard few-shot learning datasets like CIFAR-FS, CUB, mini-ImageNet and tiered-ImageNet by 3 - 8%. Through extensive experimentation, we show that the features learned using our approach generalize to complex few-shot evaluation tasks, cross-domain scenarios and are robust against slight changes to data distribution.
Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of muscle differentiation and atrophy in ALS (2015)

Muscle mass regulators are particularly down-expressed in bulbar ALS, suggesting a more rapid and diffuse atrophic process. These biomarkers may be considered as useful biochemical and molecular indicators involved both in neuromuscular junction maintenance and reinnervation process.
High performance deeply-recessed GaN power HEMTs without surface passivation (2006)

An improved deeply-recessed GaN-based HEMT was demonstrated and shown to produce high microwave power without SiNx passivation. The introduction of a thick graded AlGaN cap layer decreased the gate leakage current and increased the breakdown voltage. An output power density of 15.2 W/mm with a PAE of 45% at 4 GHz (VDS=70 V) was achieved on a SiC substrate with no SiNx passivation.
Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing an Antiseptic Agent Obtained by Controlled Nanoprecipitation onto Water‐in‐Oil Miniemulsion Droplets (2005)

The modified nanoprecipitation of polymers onto stable nanodroplets has been successfully applied to prepare well-defined nanocapsules whose core is composing of an antiseptic agent, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution. The stable nanodroplets were obtained by inverse miniemulsions with an aqueous antiseptic solution dispersed in an organic medium of solvent/nonsolvent mixture containing an oil-soluble surfactant and the polymer for the shell formation. The change of gradient of the solvent/nonsolvent mixture of dichloromethane/cyclohexane, obtained by heating at 50 degrees C, led to the precipitation of the polymer in the organic continuous phase and deposition onto the large interface of the aqueous miniemulsion droplets. The monodisperse polymer nanocapsules with the size range of 240-80 nm were achieved as a function of the amount of surfactant. Using various polymer contents, molecular weights and types, an encapsulation efficiency of 20-100% was obtained as detected by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) measurements. The nanocapsules could be easily transferred into water as continuous phase resulting in aqueous dispersions with nanocapsules containing an aqueous core with the antiseptic agent. The encapsulated amount of the antiseptic agent was evaluated to indicate the durability of the nanocapsule's wall. In addition, the use of different types of polymers having glass transition temperatures (T(g)) ranging from 10 to 100 degrees C in this process has been also successful.
Estimating two-dimensional frequencies by matrix enhancement and matrix pencil (1991)

A method for estimating 2D frequencies, called matrix enhancement and matrix pencil (MEMP), is presented. The MEMP method first constructs an enhanced matrix from the data samples, and then uses the matrix pencil approach to extract the 2D sinusoids from the principal eigenvectors of the enhanced matrix. The method yields the estimates of the 2D frequencies efficiently without solving the roots of a 2D polynomial or searching in a 2D space. Simulation results are provided to show that the accuracy of the MEMP method can be very close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Syntactic classification of radar measurements of commercial aircraft (2003)

A syntactic pattern recognition system for applications to radar signal identification is designed, and the performance of the resulting classification system is evaluated. Two different techniques for generating symbolic patterns from radar backscatter signals are considered. The classification utility of the symbolic patterns is assessed in terms of the performance of maximum-likelihood classification of the observed symbol strings. A syntax analysis algorithm that makes use of symbolic patterns derived from radar backscatter measurements is developed from the likelihood function classifier. Performance results obtained from simulated classification experiments for both maximum-likelihood and language-theoretic classifiers are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beam Steering, Beam Shaping, and Intensity Modulation Based on VCSEL Photonics (2013)

A beam-steering device has been a key element for various sensing and imaging applications. We proposed a beam-steering device based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based waveguide structure. We show a giant steering angle and ultrahigh steering resolution at the same time by increasing the length of a device. In this paper, we present our high-resolution beam-steering concept based on VCSEL photonics. A steering angle of over 60° and a number of resolution points over 1000 are demonstrated for millimeter-scale devices, which is the highest in nonmechanical beam-steering devices. We also demonstrate the on-chip integration of a beam-steering function with a VCSEL. In addition, we demonstrate additional functionalities including the creation of vortex beams and low-voltage amplitude modulation with beam steering.
Costs and Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Using Advanced Therapies in the United States: Analysis of a Retrospective Claims Database (2020)

Switching to combination therapy with SCSs and TCSs was common within 6 months of initiating advanced therapy in patients with AD. Patients also incurred significant pharmacy and outpatient costs. These results highlight the difficulty of managing AD with these existing treatment options.