gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport properties of dilute alloys (1999)

The review introduces the reader to a theoretical method describing the transport properties of dilute alloys on an ab initio basis. The calculations start from density or spin density functional theory using a Green function formalism to investigate the underlying electronic structure of the ideal and perturbed system on equal footing. The residual resistivity is calculated solving the quasiclassical Boltzmann equation. The theory is outlined and various methods and approximations developed to solve the transport equation are reviewed and compared with respect to accuracy and validity. It will be demonstrated that the theory is able to quantitatively account. The success and limitations of these calculations are discussed for a large variety of systems, non-magnetic and ferromagnetic, in comparison with experimental results. It will be shown that these calculations confirm empirical rules and concepts, elucidate the microscopic processes behind the trends and can be used to make a theoretical material design.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erbB2 during the development of tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer. (1997)

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or of c-erbB2 in primary breast cancer has been shown to predict for a poor chance of subsequent response of recurrent/metastatic disease to endocrine therapy. To assess the role of these receptors in the development of tamoxifen resistance, we examined their expression immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded sections from breast cancers from 155 patients whose disease was progressing on tamoxifen therapy. Patients were categorized into those who initially responded to therapy (n = 56), those who never responded (n = 39), and those who relapsed while on adjuvant therapy and may or may not have "responded" (n = 60). In 61 cases, pretreatment specimens were also obtained for direct comparison with the resistance specimen for each patient. None of the 18 pretreatment samples from patients who responded to therapy expressed c-erbB2, and 1 of 18 expressed EGFR. Of the nonresponders, 7 of 18 expressed EGFR pretreatment, and 4 of 18 expressed c-erbB2 (1 patient expressed both receptors). Results confirmed previous findings that when considered independently, expression of either receptor pretreatment tended to predict for a poor chance of response (EGFR, P = 0.046; c-erbB2, P = 0.11). Importantly, patients who were either EGFR positive and/or c-erbB2 positive had a much poorer chance of response than "double negatives" (response rates of 1 of 11 and 17 of 25, respectively; P = 0.0039). At the time of disease progression compared to pretreatment, there was no significant change in expression of either receptor, irrespective of initial response. The inverse relationship between EGFR and estrogen receptor was maintained at relapse on tamoxifen. These data argue strongly against the acquired expression of these receptors during treatment playing a major role in the development of tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer.
BOAT—optimistic decision tree construction (1999)

Classification is an important data mining problem. Given a training database of records, each tagged with a class label, the goal of classification is to build a concise model that can be used to predict the class label of future, unlabeled records. A very popular class of classifiers are decision trees. All current algorithms to construct decision trees, including all main-memory algorithms, make one scan over the training database per level of the tree.
Potassium ion channels : Molecular structure, function, and diseases (1999)

Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels. Inward-Rectifying Potassium Channels. G-Protein-Gated Potassium Channels. ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels. Other Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels.
Current monitoring technique for testing embeddedanalogue functions in mixed signal ICs (1996)

The authors demonstrate how M-sequences and current monitoring can be combined to produce a system level technique for testing analogue circuits, much of the test hardware being obtained from reconfigured digital system hardware.
The Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) of ERV-9 Human Endogenous Retrovirus Binds to NF-Y in the Assembly of an Active LTR Enhancer Complex NF-Y/MZF1/GATA-2 (2005)

The solitary ERV-9 long terminal repeat (LTR) located upstream of the HS5 site in the human beta-globin locus control region exhibits prominent enhancer activity in embryonic and erythroid cells. The LTR enhancer contains 14 tandemly repeated subunits with recurrent CCAAT, GTGGGGA, and GATA motifs. Here we showed that in erythroid K562 cells these DNA motifs bound the following three transcription factors: ubiquitous NF-Y and hematopoietic MZF1 and GATA-2. These factors and their target DNA motifs exhibited a hierarchy of DNA/protein and protein/protein binding affinities: NF-Y/CCAAT > NF-Y/GATA-2 > NF-Y/MZF1 > MZF1/GTGGGGA; GATA-2/GATA. Through protein/protein interactions, NF-Y bound at the CCAAT motif recruited MZF1 and GATA-2, but not Sp1 and GATA-1, and stabilized their binding to the neighboring GTGGGGA and GATA sites to assemble a novel LTR enhancer complex, NF-Y/MZF1/GATA-2. In the LTR-HS5-epsilonp-GFP plasmid integrated into K562 cells, mutation of the CCAAT motif in the LTR enhancer to abolish NF-Y binding inactivated the enhancer, closed down the chromatin structure of the epsilon-globin promoter, and silenced transcription of the green fluorescent protein gene. The results indicated that NF-Y bound at the CCAAT motifs assembled a robust LTR enhancer complex, which could act over the intervening DNA to remodel the chromatin structure and to stimulate the transcription of the downstream gene locus.
Signaling Mechanisms That Regulate Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation (2011)

Extensive studies over the last 30 years have demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and phenotypic modulation is controlled by a dynamic array of environmental cues. The identification of the signaling mechanisms by which these environmental cues regulate SMC phenotype has been more difficult because of our incomplete knowledge of the transcription mechanisms that regulate SMC-specific gene expression. However, recent advances in this area have provided significant insight, and the goal of this review is to summarize the signaling mechanisms by which extrinsic cues control SMC differentiation.
Analytical model for depletion-based silicon modulator simulation (2011)

An original method to simulate depletion-based silicon modulators based on an analytical description of the active region is presented. This method is fast and efficient in particular for performance optimization. It is applied for a lateral diode integrated in a rib waveguide, and a comparison is performed with classical 2D numerical simulation. A very good agreement is obtained, showing the accuracy and efficiency of this analytical method.
Tumor Vasculature: a Target for Anticancer Therapies (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Tumor vasculature Impact of tumor microenvironments on cancer management Vascular-targeting therapies Combinations with conventional anticancer therapies Combinations of antiangiogenic and vascular-disrupting agents Conclusions Acknowledgments References
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Flavopiridol Potentiates the Effects of Topoisomerase I Poisons by Suppressing Rad51 Expression in a p53-Dependent Manner (2008)

The results of a phase I clinical trial of the topoisomerase I (Topo I) poison CPT-11 followed by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol in patients with advanced solid tumors indicate that patients whose tumors were wild-type, but not mutant, for p53 obtained the most clinical benefit from this combination therapy. We elected to elucidate the mechanistic basis for this effect in isogenic-paired HCT116 colon cancer cells that were either wild-type (+/+) or null (-/-) for p53. With the combination therapy of SN-38 (the active metabolite of CPT-11) followed by flavopiridol, the induction of apoptosis was 5-fold greater in the p53+/+ cells compared with the p53-/- cells. This sequential treatment induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser(15), which interacted with Rad51, a DNA repair protein involved in homologous recombination. Rad51 bound to p53-Ser(15) within the first 5 hours of combination therapy, and then was transcriptionally suppressed at 24 hours by flavopiridol only in p53+/+ cells. Microarray analysis also revealed suppression of Rad51 in a p53-dependent manner. Depletion of Rad51 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) sensitized both p53+/+ and p53-/- cells to SN-38-induced apoptosis with increase of gamma H2AX, a marker of DNA damage. Conversely, overexpression of Rad51 rescued p53+/+ cells from SN-->F-induced apoptosis. Because flavopiridol inhibits Cdk9, we found that inhibition of Cdk9 by DRB or by siRNA could recapitulate the flavopiridol effects, with suppression of Rad51 and induction of apoptosis only in p53+/+ cells. In conclusion, after DNA damage by Topo I poisons, flavopiridol targets homologous recombination through a p53-dependent down-regulation of Rad51, resulting in enhancement of apoptosis.
Formation of Silicon Nitride Film by HCD Ion Plating Process and its Properties (1983)

Properties of silicon nitride films formed by the HCD (Hollow Cathode Discharge) ion plating process were studied. Defect density of films as a function of film thickness was also measured. Silicon was evaporated in nitrogen gas atmosphere with the HCD plasma electron beam and deposited on p-type (100) oriented silicon substrates. It was found that with increasing nitrogen partial pressure the electrical resistivity, the relative dielectric constant and the hardness of films increased, and that the infrared absorption peak wavelength and the refractive index of films decreased.The HCD ion plating process made it possible to form silicon nitride films at a low substrate temperature (473 K) and a high deposition rate (10 nm/s), and the properties of films deposited were comparable to those formed by the CVD or plasma CVD processes.
Strong Photoluminescence and Low Surface State Densities on Clean and Silicon Deposited (001) Surfaces of GaAs with (4×6) Reconstruction (2002)

In an attempt to determine an optimum initial GaAs surface for application of the silicon interface control layer (Si ICL)-based surface passivation method, properties of the (4×6) reconstructed Ga-rich (001) surface of GaAs were investigated before and after Si deposition. An ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)-based multi-chamber system was used where samples were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UHV photoluminescence (PL), and contactless capacitance–voltage (C–V) methods. For comparison, (2×4) and c(4×4) As-rich surfaces were also prepared. STM observation clarified the microscopic structure of the (4×6) surface. XPS measurements confirmed the Ga-rich nature of the initial surface and detected the reduction of band bending on both initial and Si-deposited (4×6) surfaces. A surprisingly large band-edge PL intensity was obtained on the (4×6) surface, and it further increased after Si deposition, reaching as high as 8.9 times that of the (2×4) surface. UHV contactless C–V measurements indicated low and wide Nss distributions on the initial and Si-deposited (4×6) surfaces. All the results consistently indicate that the (4×6) surface is the most promising surface for application of the Si ICL-based surface passivation process for GaAs.
Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures A World Health Organization Ten-Country Study (1992)

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Accounting for boundary effects in nearest neighbor searching (1995)

Given n data points in d-dimensional space, nearest neighbor searching involves determining the nearest of these data points to a given query point. Most averagecase analyses of nearest neighbor searching algorithms are made under the simplifying assumption that d is xed and that n is so large relative to d that boundary eects can be ignored. This means that for any query point the statistical distribution of the data points surrounding it is independent of the location of the query point. However, in many applications of nearest neighbor searching (such as data compression by vector quantization) this assumption is not met, since the number of data points n grows roughly as 2 d . Largely for this reason, the actual performances of many nearest neighbor algorithms tend to be much better than their theoretical analyses would suggest. We present evidence of why this is the case. We provide an accurate analysis of the number of cells visited in nearest neighbor searching by the bucketing and k-d tree algorithms. We assume m d points uniformly distributed in dimension d, where m is a xed integer 2. Further, we assume that distances are measured in the L1 metric. Our analysis is tight in the limit as d approaches innity. Empirical evidence is presented showing that the analysis applies even in low dimensions.
1.3 Evolution of 5G mobile technology toward 1 2020 and beyond (2016)

Recently, LTE has become the mainstream of mobile technologies, and global expectations for 5G toward 2020 and beyond are rapidly growing. It is expected that 5G will cover a wide variety of use cases and a wide range of frequency bands. Today, some promising technologies are emerging, especially those using new technology combinations. Through such combinations, things which were considered impossible today will be achieved in the 5G era. Together, let us envision a new world: Wider coverage cellular systems even at higher frequencies, and single-RAT 5G system which covers all 5G use cases and spectrum bands.
Clinical Correlations With Lewy Body Pathology in<i>LRRK2</i>-Related Parkinson Disease (2014)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinicopathological correlations in a series of LRRK2-related PD cases. Findings from this selected group of patients with PD demonstrated that parkinsonian motor features can occur in the absence of LBs. However, LB pathology in LRRK2-related PD may be a marker for a broader parkinsonian symptom complex including cognitive impairment.
Rhodium Complex-Catalyzed Reaction of Isonitriles with Carbonyl Compounds:  Catalytic Synthesis of Pyrroles (2001)

[figure: see text] Low-valent rhodium complexes are efficient catalysts for the activation of alpha-C-H bond of isonitriles. Addition of isonitriles to carbonyl compounds proceeds under mild and neutral conditions to give the corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated formamides. Catalytic synthesis of pyrroles can be performed by cyclocondensation of isonitriles with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Tosylhydrazones. VIII. Preparation of conjugated dienes from tosylhydrazones of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones and alkyllithium reagents (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTosylhydrazones. VIII. Preparation of conjugated dienes from tosylhydrazones of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones and alkyllithium reagentsWilliam G. Dauben, Milton E. Lorber, Noel D. Vietmeyer, Robert H. Shapiro, J. H. Duncan, and K. TomerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 17, 4762–4763Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01019a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01019a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perivascular Microapplication of Endothelin-1: A New Model of Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Rat (1993)

In the present study, we describe the effects of perivascular microapplication of the potent vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1; (120 pmol in 3 microliters), delivered via a guide cannula stereotaxically positioned above the left cerebral artery (MCA) of the conscious male Sprague-Dawley rat. Ten minutes after the administration of Et-1, mean arterial blood pressure had increased by 20% and profound reductions in local cerebral blood flow (up to 93%) were observed within those brain areas supplied by the MCA. In addition, significant increases in local cerebral blood flow were observed within the globus pallidus (100%), substantia nigra pars reticulata (48%), ventrolateral thalamus (65%), and dorsal hippocampus (74%) ipsilateral to the insult. Twenty-four hours following the insult, the pattern of ischaemic damage was similar to that reported previously following permanent occlusion of the rat MCA. It is suggested that perivascular microapplication of Et-1 may provide a useful model for the study of the functional disturbances associated with focal cerebral ischaemia in the conscious rat.
Pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: Recent Insight from Genetic Studies (2012)

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple susceptibility loci for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis, implicating independent defects in adaptive immunity (three loci on chromosome 6p21 in the MHC region), innate immunity (8p23 DEFA locus, 17p23 TNFSF13 locus, 22q12 HORMAD2 locus), and the alternative complement pathway (1q32 CFH/CFHR locus). In geospatial analysis of 85 populations, a genetic risk score based on the replicated GWAS loci is highest in Asians, intermediate in Europeans, and lowest in Africans, capturing the known difference in prevalence among world populations. The genetic risk score also uncovered a previously unsuspected increased prevalence of IgAN-attributable kidney failure in Northern Europe. The IgAN risk alleles have opposing effects on many immune-mediated diseases, suggesting that selection has contributed to variation in risk allele frequencies among different populations. Incorporating genetic, immunologic, and biochemical data, we present a multistep pathogenesis model that provides testable hypotheses for dissecting the mechanisms of disease.
Olaparib maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed serous ovarian cancer (SOC) and a BRCA mutation (BRCAm). (2013)

5505 Background: Previously, we reported that maintenance treatment with the oral PARP inhibitor olaparib (400 mg bid) led to a significant PFS improvement vs placebo in patients (pts) with platinum-sensitive relapsed SOC (Ledermann et al NEJM2012). A preplanned subgroup analysis from this randomized, double-blind Phase II trial (NCT00753545) suggested that olaparib may lead to a greater PFS, and an OS, benefit in pts with a known germline BRCAm (gBRCAm). Since gBRCA wild-type (gBRCAwt) pts may develop somatic tumor (t)BRCAm, efficacy analyses were performed for all pts with BRCAm. Methods: gBRCAm status was determined retrospectively for all consenting pts (n = 166) using blood samples taken before randomization. tBRCAm status was determined from archival tumor samples of 196 pts. We analyzed PFS/OS by gBRCAm and total BRCAm status. Preliminary data are reported. Results: gBRCA status was known for 218/265 pts (gBRCAm, 96; gBRCAwt, 122). Including tBRCAm, 136 pts had a BRCAm (BRCAwt, 116). gBRCAm pts had the greatest PFS benefit with olaparib maintenance vs placebo (median: 11.2 vs 4.1 months [m]; HR, 0.17; 95% CI 0.09-0.32; P<0.001) and a significant QoL improvement, as measured with Trial Outcome Index (OR, 4.08; 95% CI 1.11-19.85; p = 0.03). The PFS benefit was consistent when tBRCAm pts were included (median: 11.2 vs 4.3 m; HR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.11-0.32; p <0.0001). In an interim analysis of OS (58% maturity), a comparison of olaparib vs placebo in the overall population led to a HR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.64-1.21) with medians of 29.8 vs 27.8 m, respectively. Although HRs from the gBRCAm and gBRCAwt subgroups were similar (0.85 and 0.84, respectively), 13/37 gBRCAm placebo pts received a subsequent PARP inhibitor, confounding the OS data in this subgroup. The analysis of all BRCAm pts was less confounded and resulted in an OS HR of 0.74 (95% CI 0.46-1.19; median: 34.9 vs 31.9 m). 19 pts have received olaparib for >3 years. Olaparib tolerability was similar in BRCAm pts and the overall population. Conclusions: Olaparib maintenance treatment led to the greatest clinical benefit in pts with a BRCAm. These compelling data warrant confirmation in phase III trials. Clinical trial information: NCT00753545.
Anti-thrombin III activity in cerebrovascular accidents. (1985)

Decrease of antithrombin III in occlusive and increase in haemorrhagic stroke indicates that these changes have at least an additive role in the pathogenesis of stroke.
Synthesis and Structures of Selected Triazapentadienate of Li, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu(I), and Cu(II) using 2,4-<i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>-Disubstituted 1,3,5-Triazapentadienate Anions as Ancillary Ligands: [N(Ar)C(NMe<sub>2</sub>)NC(NMe<sub>2</sub>)N(R)]<sup>−</sup> (Ar = Ph, 2,6-<sup><i>i</i></sup>Pr<sub>2</sub>−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>; R = H, SiMe<sub>3</sub>) (2008)

Addition reaction of ArN(SiMe 3)M (Ar = Ph or 2,6 - (i) Pr 2-C 6H 3 (Dipp); M = Li or Na) to 2 equivalents of alpha-hydrogen-free nitrile RCN (R = dimethylamido) gave the dimeric [M{N(Ar)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(SiMe 3)}] 2 ( 1a, Ar = Ph, M = Li; 1b, Ar = Ph, M = Na; 1c, Ar = Dipp, M = Li). 1d was obtained by hydrolysis of 1c at ambient temperature. Treatment of a double ratio of 1a or 1b with anhydrous MCl 2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) yielded the 1,3,5-triazapentadienato complexes [M{N(Ph)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(SiMe 3)} 2] (M = Mn, 2; Fe, 3; Co, 4) and with NiCl 2.6H 2O gave [M{N(Ph)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(H)} 2] (M = Ni, 5). Treatment of an equiv of 1c with anhydrous CuCl in situ and in air led to complexes [{N(Dipp)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(SiMe 3)}CuPPh 3] 6 and [Cu{N(Dipp)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(H)} 2] 7, respectively. 1c, 1d, and 2- 7 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and microanalysis. 1c, 1d, 5, and 6 were well characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR, 1c by (7)Li, and 6 by (31)P NMR as well. The structural features of these complexes were described in detail.