gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel block copolymer templates for tuning mesopore connectivity in cage-type mesoporous silica films (2012)

Mesoporous silica films with large spherical mesopores are synthesized using new laboratory-made polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene based triblock copolymers in which the polystyrene block is functionalized with hydrophilic sulfonic groups. When the relative weight of the copolymer to silica source is in the range from 10 to 70 mass%, spherical mesopores with uniform sizes can be formed in the films. In addition, when the ratio is lower than 20 mass%, spherical mesopores are separated by thick silica walls in the films. Nevertheless, owing to the presence of small-sized mesopores in the silica walls, all the spherical mesopores are accessible from the outside. With the gradual increase of the chosen copolymer/silica ratios, the distance between neighboring mesopores is reduced without a significant change of the original mesopore size, which has not been observed in previous reports using other block copolymers as templates.
PI3K/AKT/MTOR and ERK1/2-MAPK signaling pathways are involved in autophagy stimulation induced by caloric restriction or caloric restriction mimetics in cortical neurons (2021)

Caloric restriction has been shown to robustly ameliorate age-related diseases and to prolong lifespan in several model organisms, and these beneficial effects are dependent on the stimulation of autophagy. Autophagy dysfunction contributes to the accumulation of altered macromolecules, and is a key mechanism of promoting aging and age-related disorders, as neurodegenerative ones. We have previously shown that caloric restriction (CR), and CR mimetics Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ghrelin, stimulate autophagy in rat cortical neurons, however by unknown molecular mechanisms. Overall, we show that CR, NPY, and ghrelin stimulate autophagy through PI3K/AKT/MTOR inhibition and ERK1/2-MAPK activation. The knowledge of these kinases in autophagy regulation and the contribution to the understanding of molecular mechanism facilitates the discovery of more targeted therapeutic strategies to stimulate autophagy, which is relevant in the context of age-related disorders.
On diagnosis of pattern-dependent delay faults (2000)

We propose a method of modeling pattern-dependence as part of the existing delay fault models without incurring the complexity of considering physical effects that cause pattern-dependence. Using this model, we define the conditions under which two faults can be said to be distinguished by a given test set. We provide experimental results to demonstrate the diagnostic resolutions obtained under the proposed model.
THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1971)

(1971). THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 791-793.
Substituted C60 molecules: a study in symmetry reduction (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted C60 molecules: a study in symmetry reductionBruce Chase and Paul J. FaganCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2252–2256Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00032a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feasibility study of deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to generate mammography images (2018)

We conducted a feasibility study to generate mammography images using a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN), which directly produces realistic images without 3-D model passing through any complex rendering algorithm, such as ray tracing. We trained DCGAN with breast 2D mammography images, which were generated from anatomical noise. The generated X-ray mammography images were successful in that the image preserves reasonable quality and retains the visual patterns similar to training images. Especially, generated images share the distinctive structure of training images. For the quantitative evaluation, we used the mean and variance of beta values of generated images and observed that they are very similar to those of training images. Although the general distribution of generated images matches well with those of training images, there are several limitations of the DCGAN. First, checkboard pattern like artifacts are found in generated images, which is a well-known issue of deconvolution algorithm. Moreover, training GAN is often unstable so to require manual fine-tunes. To overcome such limitations, we plan to extend our idea to conditional GAN approach for improving training stability, and employ an auto-encoder for handling artifacts. To validate our idea on real data, we will apply clinical images to train the network. We believe that our framework can be easily extended to generate other medical images.
Achieving a balanced low-cost architecture for mass storage management through multiple fast Ethernet channels on the Beowulf parallel workstation (2002)

A network of workstations (NOW) seeks to leverage commercial workstation technology to produce high-performance computing systems at costs appreciably lower than parallel computers specifically designed for that purpose. The capabilities of technologies emerging from the PC commodity mass market are rapidly evolving to converge with those of workstations while at significantly lower cost. A new operating point in the price-performance design space of parallel system architecture may be derived through parallelism of PC subsystems. The "Pile-of-PCs" (PopC) approach is being explored through the Beowulf parallel workstation, developed to provide order-of-magnitude increases in disk capacity and bandwidth for a single-user environment at costs commensurate with conventional high-end workstations. This paper explores a critical aspect of the architecture trade-off space for Beowulf associated with the balance of parallel disk throughput and internal network bandwidth. The findings presented demonstrate that the parallel channels of a commodity 100 Mbps Ethernet are both necessary and sufficient to support the data rates of multiple concurrent file transfers on a 16-processor Beowulf parallel workstation.
A calpain-10 gene polymorphism is associated with reduced muscle mRNA levels and insulin resistance (2000)

Previous linkage studies in Mexican-Americans localized a major susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes, NIDDM1, to chromosome 2q. This evidence for linkage to type 2 diabetes was recently found to be associated with a common G-->A polymorphism (UCSNP-43) within the CAPN10 gene. The at-risk genotype was homozygous for the UCSNP-43 G allele. In the present study among Pima Indians, the UCSNP-43 G/G genotype was not associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, Pima Indians with normal glucose tolerance, who have a G/G genotype at UCSNP-43, were found to have decreased rates of postabsorptive and insulin-stimulated glucose turnover that appear to result from decreased rates of glucose oxidation. In addition, G/G homozygotes were found to have reduced CAPN10 mRNA expression in their skeletal muscle. A decreased rate of insulin-mediated glucose turnover, or insulin resistance, is one mechanism by which the polymorphism in CAPN10 may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in older persons.
Linearity and efficiency enhancement techniques in microwave transmitters (2011)

In microwave power amplifier (PA) design, high linearity is required in order to maintain the integrity of the amplified, modulated signals. High spectral efficiency in a communication signal can be achieved by the use of non-constant envelope modulations, which place particularly high demands on the PA linearity. High power efficiency is also increasingly important, given the drive to control CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions and reduce energy consumption. Simple measures to improve linearity, such as operating a Class A amplifier well backed off from saturation, result in very poor efficiency. The trade-off between linearity and efficiency can be improved by adopting a more complex amplifier topology or incorporating the amplifier into a more complex transmitter architecture. This paper presents a review of existing and recently developed techniques for the enhancement of PA linearity and efficiency. It explains the basic principles behind the techniques, provides comparisons of their relative advantages and disadvantages and discusses possible future directions.
What Do We Know about Social Democracy? (1993)

Social democracy is an assertion of citizens' rights: the entitlement of all citizens, by reason of citizenship, to share equally in the standards of living which a particular society is technically capable of generating. Existing literature from political economy, political science and class theory can be marshalled in defence of this conception. Reconstruction of a coherent theory of social democracy is necessary in order to specify a contemporary political problem that is only incompletely understood: the propensity of social democratic regimes, parties and politicians to retreat, sometimes spectacularly, from past commitments. The paper identifies five requirements of such a theory. In each case there is evidence and interpretation available which not only affirms the viability of social democratic political and economic ambitions but also elaborates the role of labour in contemporary policy-making.
Intraocular Pressure and Outflow Facility (1970)

Continuous treatment with mestranol, 0.1 mg/ day, in normal women, caused a small gradually growing intraocular pressure decrease of 2.0 ± 0.45 mm Hg and an outflow facility increase of 0.085μl ± 0.015μl (min mm Hg)<sup>-1</sup>at six months. Treatment of another group of 15 normal women with mestranol + ethynodiol diacetate in doses of 0.1 mg and 1.0 mg per day, respectively, gave similar results. The decrease in intraocular pressure was 1.8 ± 0.38 mm Hg at six months, and the increase in outflow facility was 0.056μl ± 0.01μl (min mm Hg)<sup>-1</sup>at six months. In both groups, the effect of the drugs on intraocular pressure and outflow facility was highly significant (<i>P</i>< 0.001). However, the differences between the two groups were not significant. Reasons are presented for the belief that the drugs act on the trabecular meshwork.
Dendron-Mediated Engineering of Interparticle Separation and Self-Assembly in Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles Superlattices (2015)

Self-assembly of nanoparticles into designed structures with controlled interparticle separations is of crucial importance for the engineering of new materials with tunable functions and for the subsequent bottom-up fabrication of functional devices. In this study, a series of lipophilic, highly flexible, disulfide dendritic wedges (generations 0-4), based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, was designed to bind Au nanoparticles with a thiolate bond. By controlling the solvent evaporation rate, the corresponding dendron-capped Au hybrids were found to self-organize into hexagonal close-packed (hcp) superlattices. The interparticular spacing was progressively varied from 2.2 to 6.3 nm with increasing dendritic generation, covering a range that is intermediate between commercial ligands and DNA-based ligand shells. Dual mixtures made from some of these dendronized hybrids (i.e., same inner core size but different dendritic covering) yielded binary superlattice structures of unprecedented single inorganic components, which are isostructural with NaZn13 and CaCu5 crystals.
Operating system exploitation of the POWER5 system (2005)

The POWER5™ system incorporates several features designed to improve performance by eliminating bottlenecks and accelerating common functions used in operating systems. This paper discusses how two of the supported operating systems for POWER5—AIX® and Linux™—make use of these features to deliver improved system scalability and performance. In particular, the overheads for synchronizing translation-lookaside buffer (TLB) invalidations between processors, and for ensuring that the instruction cache is kept coherent by software, have been removed. The POWER5 simultaneous multithreading (SMT) implementation has features which allow operating systems to optimize the system for the kinds of applications being executed. We discuss how the operating systems approach the problems of scheduling tasks across the system, of determining when to switch processors between single-threaded (ST) and SMT mode, and of accounting accurately for CPU usage when in the SMT mode.
Tissue response to surface‐treated tantalum implants: Preliminary observations in primates (1979)

Abstract Samples of capacitor grade tantalum were surface‐treated by a variety of methods. These surface treatments allowed testing of the same basic material which was millfinished, metallurgically polished, electrochemically oxidized, sintered with a porous surface, and glow‐discharged. Surface characterization was accomplished by contact angle measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy‐dispensed x‐ray analysis, and internal reflection spectroscopy. Subsequent to characterization, the material was surgically implanted in the subperiosteal region of the mandible, the buccal mucosa, and the subcutaneous paravertebral region of the back of Macaca speciosa (stumptail monkey). The tissue reaction at intervals of up to three weeks was evaluated morphologically and ultrastructurally. Significant differences in tissue response were noted at the interfaces with glow‐discharge‐treated versus lower surface energy samples. Adjacent to the glow‐discharge‐treated implants, two distinct tissue zones were identified. Zone #1, nearest the implant, exhibited an increased cellularity. This consisted of 4–5 layers of highly active mesenchymal cells or fibroblast‐like cells with spindle‐shaped nuclei and prominent cytoplasmic features. At various foci along the interface, hyperchromatic nuclear forms were noted to project into the space left by removal of the implant. These observations, coupled with a predominance of intercellular ground‐substance material and less collagen at the interface, may indicate some form of bioadhesion. The deeper Zone #2 was 2–3 times as thick and consisted of typical fibroblastic cells with a lamellar configuration, bordered by an occasional delicate‐lined space. Independent of implantation site or surface texture, all other implants showed occasional multinucleated giant cells and a decrease in the cellular character of Zone #1. Both zones were reduced in thickness and composed of more mature fibroblasts. Some specimens exhibited intracytoplasmic vacuolization. It may be concluded, therefore, that surface‐free energy of the implanted specimens played a significant role in inducing differential tissue response to otherwise similar pure metal samples.
Some Do’s and Don’ts in Establishing Your Electronic Journal (2000)

The purpose of this article is to provide you with informative tips and things to think about that may help you get your new electronic journal off on the right screen. This new communication medium can seem overwhelming at first, but the goal is the same as always communicate/disseminate/learn soon it should seem like an old friend. Described herein are some quick do s and don ts, tips and pointers, and questions that should help you get a jump-start and help make establishing an electronic journal an enjoyable and exciting venture, while keeping the technological downside to a minimum.
Melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide vs melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide (ECOG E1A06) in untreated multiple myeloma (2015)

This phase 3 trial (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] E1A06) compared melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide (MPT-T) with melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide (mPR-R) in patients with untreated multiple myeloma (MM). A noninferiority design was used, and inferiority was defined as a progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR) of MPT-T/mPR-R ≤0.82. A total of 306 patients enrolled, with a median age of 75.7 years. Median follow-up was 40.7 months. Median time on therapy was 12.1 months and 23.1 months for the 46.6% of treated patients who received maintenance, with no differences by arm. Median PFS was 21 months on MPT-T and 18.7 months on mPR-R (HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-1.09). Overall survival was 52.6 months (MPT-T) vs 47.7 months (mPR-R) (P = .476). Per-protocol response rates were 63.6% (MPT-T) and 59.9% (mPR-R) (P = .557). Grade ≥3 nonhematologic toxicity was 59.5% for MPT-T vs 40.0% for mPR-R (P = .001). Second malignancies were observed in 18 MPT-T patients vs 14 mPR-R patients. Quality-of-life analysis favored mPR-R by induction end (P = .007). Use of MPT-T or mPR-R in elderly patients with untreated MM demonstrates no statistical or clinically relevant differences in response rates, PFS, and OS; however, quality of life at end of induction was improved and lower toxicity reported with mPR-R. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00602641.
Looking for slope in all the wrong places (2010)

Edited by Ron Lancaster and Brigitte Bentele. Students analyze a photograph to solve mathematical questions related to the images captured in the photograph. This month the photographs focus on slopes of roadways and trigonometry.

Extra material, images:

http://www.nctm.org/eresources/images/MathLens1-0810.jpg
http://www.nctm.org/eresources/images/MathLens2-0810.jpg
http://www.nctm.org/eresources/images/MathLens3-0810.jpg
Fusion algorithm for poultry skin tumor detection using hyperspectral data (2007)

We consider a feature selection method to detect skin tumors on chicken carcasses using hyperspectral (HS) reflectance data. Detection of chicken tumors is difficult because the tumors vary in size and shape; some tumors are small, early-stage tumor spots. We make use of the fact that a chicken skin tumor consists of a lesion region surrounded by a region of thickened skin and that the spectral responses of the lesion and the thickened-skin regions of tumors are considerably different and train our feature selection algorithm to separately detect lesion regions and thickened-skin regions; we then fuse the two HS detection results to reduce false alarms. To the best of our knowledge, these techniques are new. Our forward selection and modified branch and bound algorithm is used to select a small number of lambda spectral features that are useful for discrimination. Initial results show that our method offers promise for a good tumor detection rate and a low false alarm rate.
Growth, Efficiency, and Livability of Newly Hatched Broilers as Influenced by Hydration and Intake of Sucrose (1976)

Water or water that contained 10 percent sucrose was fed to newly hatched chicks for 12 hours prior to the placement of feed. At the end of eight weeks, both groups of birds exhibited significantly heavier body weights and numerically lower feed conversion ratios than their respective hatch-mates that received water and feed or a 10 percent sucrose solution and feed simultaneously. Additionally, the birds that received sucrose prior to the placement of feed exhibited numerically greater body weights and lower feed conversion ratios than the chicks that received only water prior to feed. These data suggest that hydration and hydration accompanied by a readily available energy substrate favor metabolism that results in growth.
Rotator cuff healing using demineralized cancellous bone matrix sponge interposition compared to standard repair in a preclinical canine model (2017)

Based on reported failure rates for repair of large, retracted rotator cuff tears, improving tendon-to-bone healing is critical. Use of DBM combined with PRP shows potential for addressing this critical clinical need. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:906-912, 2018.
Filtering multiplicative noise in images using adaptive region-based statistics (1998)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
연구발표 논문 : 메타분석에 대한 탐색적 접근 (1997)

메타분석은 전통적인 문헌 연구와 달리 기존의 실증적 연구 결과들을 정량적인 방법을 통해 체계적으로 조명할 수 있게 한다. 그러나 다양한 분석기법에도 불구하고 메타분석의 결과는 분석을 위한 데이터가 가지고 있는 특성에 따라 크게 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 메타분석을 적용한 기존의 마케팅 연구들에 있어서 수집한 자료가 가지고 있는 문제점들에 초점을 두고 자료분석을 의한 탐색적 접근방법을 메타분석에 적용코자 한다. 탐색적 접근법은 연구 목적에 접합한 연구디자인에 따라 귀중한 자료를 수집한 경우, 연구자들로 하여금 자료분석의 기본적인 목적을 충실히 유지하면서 신뢰성 있는 연구결과를 끌어낼 수 있게 하는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제로 게재되었던 메타분석 연구논문의 자료를 가지고 탐색 접근법을 적용해 봄으로써, 자료가 가지는 제한점을 어떻게 최소화하느냐에 따라 그 결과가 달라질 수 있다는 것을 예를 통해 보여주고 있다. 이는 비단 메타분석 뿐만 아니라 다른 실증적 연구에도 탐색접근법이 유용함을 의미한다.
Background Subtraction for Freely Moving Cameras (2009)

Background subtraction algorithms define the background as parts of a scene that are at rest. Traditionally, these algorithms assume a stationary camera, and identify moving objects by detecting areas in a video that change over time. In this paper, we extend the concept of `subtracting' areas at rest to apply to video captured from a freely moving camera. We do not assume that the background is well-approximated by a plane or that the camera center remains stationary during motion. The method operates entirely using 2D image measurements without requiring an explicit 3D reconstruction of the scene. A sparse model of background is built by robustly estimating a compact trajectory basis from trajectories of salient features across the video, and the background is `subtracted' by removing trajectories that lie within the space spanned by the basis. Foreground and background appearance models are then built, and an optimal pixel-wise foreground/background labeling is obtained by efficiently maximizing a posterior function.