gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvedin vitro gene transfer mediated by fluorinated lipoplexes in the presence of a bile salt surfactant (2001)

The present work shows improved stability of, and higher lipofection levels with, fluorinated lipoplexes in the presence of surfactants. The results confirm the very promising potential of fluorinated lipoplexes as gene transfer vectors. These compounds constitute a very attractive alternative to their more conventional homologs. The correlation found between the degree of fluorination of the lipoplexes, their stability and their lipofection levels suggests that enhanced lipophobic and hydrophobic properties protect them against disintegration and, consequently, prevents DNA from being degraded and from interacting with lipophilic and hydrophilic biocompounds responsible for lipofection inhibition.
Evidence for Bioadhesive Effects of Polysaccharides and Polysaccharide-Containing Herbs in an ex vivo Bioadhesion Assay on Buccal Membranes (2000)

Aqueous extracts of polysaccharide-containing plants are widely used in therapy for irritated mucus membranes in the pharynx region. In order to prove the existence of mucilaginous effects of polysaccharide hydrocolloids on epithelia an ex vivo system based on porcine buccal membranes was established. The tissue culture was stable and there was no indication of cytolytic processes during the 5 hour incubation period. This was confirmed through histological studies and the respective LDH values as toxicity marker. The test system was shown to discriminate the adhesive effects of different raw polysaccharides, obtained from a variety of medicinal plants. While polysaccharides from Altheae officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Malva moschata, or Tilia cordata showed only moderate bioadhesion to epithelial tissue, strong adhesive processes were observed with polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus and Calendula officinalis. The adhesive effects were concentration-dependent. Histological studies of membranes, incubated with a fluorescence-labelled rhamnogalacturonan, indicated the presence of distinct polysaccharide layers on the apical membrane surface. With these results, adsorption effects of certain polysaccharides on mucus membranes were shown for the first time. Such effects suggest that this may account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effects of mucilage-containing plants in the treatment of irritated buccal membranes.
Codelivery of VEGF siRNA and Gemcitabine Monophosphate in a Single Nanoparticle Formulation for Effective Treatment of NSCLC (2013)

There is an urgent need for new therapeutics for the treatment of aggressive and metastatic refractory human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Antiangiogenesis therapy and chemotherapy are the two major treatment options. Unfortunately, both types of therapies when used individually have their disadvantages. Integrating antiangiogenesis therapy with chemotherapy is expected to target the tumor's vascular endothelial cells and the tumor cells simultaneously. In this study, we coformulated Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) siRNA targeting VEGFs and gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP) into a single cell-specific, targeted lipid/calcium/phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle formulation. Antitumor effect of the combination therapy using LCP loaded with both VEGF siRNA and GMP was evaluated in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models of NSCLC with systemic administration. The improved therapeutic response, as compared with either VEGF siRNA or GMP therapy alone, was supported by the observation of 30-40% induction of tumor cell apoptosis, eightfold reduction of tumor cell proliferation and significant decrease of tumor microvessel density (MVD). The combination therapy led to dramatic inhibition of tumor growth, with little in vivo toxicity. In addition, the current studies demonstrated the possibility of incorporating multiple nucleic acid molecules and phosphorylated small-molecule drugs, targeting to different pathways, into a single nanoparticle formulation for profound therapeutic effect.
Complexation Study of Alkali Metal Ions by Crown Ether Derivatives in Nonaqueous Solvents by Potentiometric Methods (2002)

The formation and stability of alkali metal complexes with crown ethers containing an anthraquinone unit has been investigated in methanol and acetonitrile solutions by potentiometric methods. Complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry were observed for all the studied systems; 2:1 complexes were only detected for the larger alkali cations (Rb + and Cs + ) and with the ligand with the larger macrocyclic cavity (AQ21C7). The 1:1 complexes with the highest stability are formed by K + ion with the AQ18C6 ligand and by Cs + ion with the AQ21C7 ligand. In the alkali cation group and in both solvents, the stability of the 1:1 complexes was found to vary in the following order, Li + < Na + < K + > Rb + > Cs + with AQ18C6 ligand and Li + < Na + < K + < Rb + < Cs + with AQ21C7 ligand. The stability of the complexes of AQ21C7 is smaller than those of their AQ18C6 analogues. The stability of the silver complexes of AQ18C6 and AQ21C7 was found to be smaller than that of the alkali metal complexes of comparable size. The incorporation of an anthraquinone unit in crown ethers induces some loss of complexation stability for all cations, but the cation selectivity is not changed. The results obtained are analysed and discussed regarding the effects of the relative sizes of the cations and macrocyclic cavity of the ligands, solvating ability of the solvents towards the cation and influence of the anthraquinone unit.
Higher Biomass Productivity of Microalgae in an Attached Growth System, Using Wastewater (2014)

Although most algae cultivation systems are operated in suspended culture, an attached growth system can offer several advantages over suspended systems. Algal cultivation becomes light-limited as the microalgal concentration increases in the suspended system; on the other hand, sunlight penetrates deeper and stronger in attached systems owing to the more transparent water. Such higher availability of sunlight makes it possible to operate a raceway pond deeper than usual, resulting in a higher areal productivity. The attached system achieved 2.8-times higher biomass productivity and total lipid productivity of 9.1 g m(-2) day(-1) and 1.9 g m(-2) day(-1), respectively, than the suspended system. Biomass productivity can be further increased by optimization of the culture conditions. Moreover, algal biomass harvesting and dewatering were made simpler and cheaper in attached systems, because mesh-type substrates with attached microalgae were easily removed from the culture and the remaining treated wastewater could be discharged directly. When the algal biomass was dewatered using natural sunlight, the palmitic acid (C16:0) content increased by 16% compared with the freeze-drying method. There was no great difference in other fatty acid composition. Therefore, the attached system for algal cultivation is a promising cultivation system for mass biodiesel production.
A Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Battery Management IC With Embedded Diagnostics for Series-Stacked Li–Ion Arrays (2017)

This paper presents a small form factor dc–dc converter that can be used in a ladder architecture to provide state-of-charge equalization for large-scale lithium-ion arrays. A resonant switched-capacitor converter is implemented in a 180-nm bulk CMOS process that uses a merged-interleaving architecture to affect two-phase interleaving with only a single inductor. The approach has the advantage of reducing passive component volume for a given efficiency and voltage ripple constraint. A bidirectional current-mode control scheme is outlined that uses regulated zero-current switching and partial zero-voltage switching. The design also supports electrochemical diagnostic functions through a fully digital spectroscopic perturbation of cell current. Cell voltage and current are digitized through 10-b SAR analog to digital converters (ADCs), filtered and decimated for off-chip impedance extraction. The converter achieves 94.8% conversion efficiency in 1:1 balancing mode with a total board area less than 1 cm2, and supports bidirectional power transfer >3.7 W.
Integration of road network logics into virtual environments (2014)

Underlying semantics are important to facilitate traffic simulations in virtual environments. The work presented here introduces an universal and extensible model for the representation of road network logics. Additionally, setup processes of road network logics following the model are described, and the integration of different traffic simulation approaches is discussed. For evaluation, scenes according to different scenarios were created and semantics were integrated. Results indicate significant time savings from automatic generation of road network logics.
Discovery-based edit assistance for spreadsheets (2009)

Spreadsheets can be viewed as a highly flexible end-users programming environment which enjoys wide-spread adoption. But spreadsheets lack many of the structured programming concepts of regular programming paradigms. In particular, the lack of data structures in spreadsheets may lead spreadsheet users to cause redundancy, loss, or corruption of data during edit actions. In this paper, we demonstrate how implicit structural properties of spreadsheet data can be exploited to offer edit assistance to spreadsheet users. Our approach is based on the discovery of functional dependencies among data items which allow automatic reconstruction of a relational database schema. From this schema, new formulas and visual objects are embedded into the spreadsheet to offer features for auto-completion, guarded deletion, and controlled insertion. Schema discovery and spreadsheet enhancement are carried out automatically in the background and do not disturb normal user experience.
The transformation of finance in Europe: introduction and overview (2003)

This paper introduces the topic of Europe's changing financial landscape and highlights the findings of the contributions to this volume of the EIB Papers. Key points emerging from this overview include: (i) a variety of factors are reshaping Europe's finance, notably the Single Market, EMU, demographic trends, increasing wealth, technological progress, and financial innovation; (ii) further integrating Europe's financial systems, across borders and segments, should significantly increase economic welfare; (iii) although the functions that financial systems perform are being reallocated - implying a move towards the Anglo-Saxon paradigm - banks will remain important and should maintain their comparative advantage in financing small and medium-sized enterprises; (iv) the economic case in favour of a move towards funded pension systems - which would boost capital markets - is not as compelling as often assumed.
Involvement of a Pertussis Toxin-sensitive G Protein in the Mitogenic Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (1995)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a sphingolipid metabolite, was previously reported to increase DNA synthesis in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and to induce transient increases in intracellular free calcium (Zhang, H., Desai, N. N., Olivera, A., Seki, T., Brooker, G., and Spiegel, S. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 114, 155-167). In the present study, pretreatment of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with pertussis toxin reduced sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced DNA synthesis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate decreased cellular cAMP levels and also caused a drastic decrease in isoproterenol- and forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Pertussis toxin treatment prevented the inhibitory effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate on cAMP accumulation, suggesting that a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi or Gi-like protein may be involved in sphingosine 1-phosphate-mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation. Mitogenic concentrations of sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulated production of inositol phosphates which was inhibited by pertussis toxin, while the response to bradykinin was not affected. Furthermore, calcium release induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate, but not by bradykinin, was also attenuated by pertussis toxin treatment. However, sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced phosphatidic acid accumulation was unaffected by pertussis toxin. The increase in specific DNA binding activity of activator protein-1, which was induced by treatment of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with sphingosine 1-phosphate, was also inhibited by pertussis toxin. These results suggest that some of the sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced signaling pathways are mediated by G proteins that are substrates for pertussis toxin.
Mining free-text medical records. (2001)

Text mining projects can be characterized along four parameters: 1) the demands of the market in terms of target domain and specificity and depth of queries; 2) the volume and quality of text in the target domain; 3) the text mining process requirements; and 4) the quality assurance process that validates the extracted data. In this paper, we provide lessons learned and results from a large-scale commercial project using Natural Language Processing (NLP) for mining the transcriptions of dictated clinical records in a variety of medical specialties. We conclude that the current state-of-the-art in NLP is suitable for mining information of moderate content depth across a diverse collection of medical settings and specialties.
MnGa-based fully perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with ultrathin Co2MnSi interlayers (2017)

Because tetragonal structured MnGa alloy has intrinsic (not interface induced) giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), ultra-low damping constant and high spin polarization, it is predicted to be a kind of suitable magnetic electrode candidate in the perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) for high density spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) applications. However, p-MTJs with both bottom and top MnGa electrodes have not been achieved yet, since high quality perpendicular magnetic MnGa films can hardly be obtained on the MgO barrier due to large lattice mismatch and surface energy difference between them. Here, a MnGa-based fully p-MTJ with the structure of MnGa/Co<sub>2</sub>MnSi/MgO/Co<sub>2</sub>MnSi/MnGa is investigated. As a result, the multilayer is with high crystalline quality, and both the top and bottom MnGa electrodes show well PMA. Meanwhile, a distinct tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 65% at 10 K is achieved. Ultrathin Co<sub>2</sub>MnSi films are used to optimize the interface quality between MnGa and MgO barrier. A strong antiferromagnetic coupling in MnGa/Co<sub>2</sub>MnSi bilayer is confirmed with the interfacial exchange coupling constant of -5erg/cm<sup>2</sup>. This work proposes a novel p-MTJ structure for the future STT-MRAM progress.
A Two-Stage of Relevance Feedback for Content-Based Image Retrieval (2011)

In this paper, an effective relevance feedback (RF) approach is proposed in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). In the first stage, according to the user’s marked images, we get theirs predictive probabilities based-on Bayesian methodology which yields the posteriori of the images in the database; second via justify the weight of elements in each feature extracted of images, we refine features by logistic regression with positive features which get from the first stage. Then we rank the images according to the probability of the images in the database. The retrieval system is repeating until the user is satisfied with the feedback results or the target image has been found. Experimental results are shown to evaluate the method on a large image database in terms of precision and recall.
Combined treatment with CBP and BET inhibitors reverses inadvertent activation of detrimental super enhancer programs in DIPG cells (2020)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are the most aggressive brain tumors in children with 5-year survival rates of only 2%. About 85% of all DIPG are characterized by a lysine-to-methionine substitution in histone 3, which leads to global H3K27 hypomethylation accompanied by H3K27 hyperacetylation. Hyperacetylation in DIPG favors the action of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) protein BRD4, and leads to the reprogramming of the enhancer landscape contributing to the activation of DIPG super enhancer-driven oncogenes. The activity of the acetyltransferase CREB-binding protein (CBP) is enhanced by BRD4 and associated with acetylation of nucleosomes at super enhancers (SE). In addition, CBP contributes to transcriptional activation through its function as a scaffold and protein bridge. Monotherapy with either a CBP (ICG-001) or BET inhibitor (JQ1) led to the reduction of tumor-related characteristics. Interestingly, combined treatment induced strong cytotoxic effects in H3.3K27M-mutated DIPG cell lines. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that these effects were caused by the inactivation of DIPG SE-controlled tumor-related genes. However, single treatment with ICG-001 or JQ1, respectively, led to activation of a subgroup of detrimental super enhancers. Combinatorial treatment reversed the inadvertent activation of these super enhancers and rescued the effect of ICG-001 and JQ1 single treatment on enhancer-driven oncogenes in H3K27M-mutated DIPG, but not in H3 wild-type pedHGG cells. In conclusion, combinatorial treatment with CBP and BET inhibitors is highly efficient in H3K27M-mutant DIPG due to reversal of inadvertent activation of detrimental SE programs in comparison with monotherapy.
Oxygen partial pressure influence on internal oxidation of SIMOX wafers (2002)

Internal oxidation (ITOX) of the buried oxide (BOX) of low dose SIMOX wafers has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years for its beneficial effect on the electrical and structural properties of the BOX. Models have been proposed to explain the ITOX process in terms of atomic oxygen diffusing through the silicon device layer to the BOX where it reacts with the bottom silicon interface to produce new silicon dioxide. Using the models with fitted parameters has shown good agreement with experimental data. However, the details regarding the dissociation of oxygen molecules before entering the device layer as well as the reaction of atomic oxygen with the back device layer surface were left unattended. The results presented suggest that these two processes could have a significant impact on the oxidation results and thus need to be studied to arrive at a valid model for the ITOX process.
Systematic study of Si-based GeSn photodiodes with 26 µm detector cutoff for short-wave infrared detection (2016)

Normal-incidence Ge<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub> photodiode detectors with Sn compositions of 7 and 10% have been demonstrated. Such detectors were based on Ge/Ge<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub>/Ge double heterostructures grown directly on a Si substrate via a chemical vapor deposition system. A temperature-dependence study of these detectors was conducted using both electrical and optical characterizations from 300 to 77 K. Spectral response up to 2.6 µm was achieved for a 10% Sn device at room temperature. The peak responsivity and specific detectivity (D*) were measured to be 0.3 A/W and 4 × 10<sup>9</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>W<sup>-1</sup> at 1.55 µm, respectively. The spectral D* of a 7% Sn device at 77 K was only one order-of-magnitude lower than that of an extended-InGaAs photodiode operating in the same wavelength range, indicating the promising future of GeSn-based photodetectors.
Waste Treatment Technologies. Decomposition of Epoxy Resin and Recycling of CFRP with Sub- and Supercritical Water. (2002)

亜臨界から超臨界領域の水を用いてエポキシ樹脂の分解を行った．その結果，350–380℃，25MPaの条件で樹脂は完全に分解し，約90%がフェノールやイソプロピルフェノールなどの単環フェノール類や，比較的分子量の小さな生成物である水+メタノール可溶分として回収された．一方，380℃における熱分解では分子量の大きな残渣やTHF可溶分が生成物の約半分を占めていることから，反応場に水が存在することで樹脂の炭化が抑制され，低分子化が進行することを確認した．また超臨界メタノールを用いた場合には，エポキシ樹脂の分解は起こるものの，同様の条件の超臨界水分解に比べて軽質化はあまり進まなかった．当該技術の応用の一例として，エポキシ樹脂をマトリクス樹脂として使用した炭素繊維強化プラスチック（CFRP）の分解・炭素繊維の回収を試みたところ，380℃，25MPaの超臨界水を用いると樹脂分は低分子化して炭素繊維からはがれ，付着物のない炭素繊維を回収することができた．
Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in injured cat spinal cord before and after a single large intravenous dose of methylprednisolone (1983)

The lactate content and the lactate/pyruvate ratio of the acutely traumatized cat spinal cord have been studied and were found to rise rapidly following a 400 gm-cm injury. Lactate levels rose nearly twofold within 5 minutes after injury, peaked at 2 hours after injury, and remained significantly elevated for at least 8 hours compared to an adjacent uninjured segment of traumatized cord. Pyruvate levels, on the other hand, fell acutely in the injured section of cord during the 1st hour after injury then rose slowly over an 8-hour period. The changes in tissue lactate and pyruvate metabolism in the spinal cord following injury are consistent with a marked injury-induced reduction in blood flow. The elevation in lactate and the fall in pyruvate levels observed at 1 hour after injury were completely prevented by the intravenous administration of a single 30-mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate at 30 minutes after injury. Lower or higher doses of methylprednisolone were far less effective. The effects of the 30-mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone on tissue lactate content were associated with high tissue levels of the glucocorticoid and were short-lived, paralleling the accumulation and elimination pattern of steroid from the injured tissue. The results suggest that, in addition to other reported beneficial actions of large intravenous doses (30 mg/kg) of methylprednisolone on the injured cord, the glucocorticoid may also improve blood flow to the injured segment as has been suggested by others. The use of high glucocorticoid doses, early therapy initiation, and rigorous maintenance dosing is discussed.
Spin–Orbit Torques in NbSe<sub>2</sub>/Permalloy Bilayers (2018)

We present measurements of current-induced spin-orbit torques generated by NbSe<sub>2</sub>, a fully metallic transition-metal dichalcogenide material, made using the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) technique with NbSe<sub>2</sub>/Permalloy bilayers. In addition to the out-of-plane Oersted torque expected from current flow in the metallic NbSe<sub>2</sub> layer, we also observe an in-plane antidamping torque with torque conductivity σ<sub>S</sub> ≈ 10<sup>3</sup> (ℏ/2e)(Ωm)<sup>-1</sup> and indications of a weak field-like contribution to the out-of-plane torque oriented opposite to the Oersted torque. Furthermore, in some samples we also measure an in-plane field-like torque with the form m̂ × ẑ, where m̂ is the Permalloy magnetization direction and ẑ is perpendicular to the sample plane. The size of this component varies strongly between samples and is not correlated with the NbSe<sub>2</sub> thickness. A torque of this form is not allowed by the bulk symmetries of NbSe<sub>2</sub> but is consistent with symmetry breaking by a uniaxial strain that might result during device fabrication.