gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new spectral test for nonrandomness and the DES (1990)

A test for detecting the nonrandomness of finite binary strings is proposed. This test, based on an evaluation of the power spectrum of a finite string, extends and quantifies a similar test proposed by J. Gait (see ibid., vol.3, no.5, p.359-63, 1977). As an empirical measure of the sensitivity of the test, it was compared with a chi-square test for uniformity of distribution, which also measures nonrandomness. This comparison was performed by applying each of these tests to binary strings produced using short-round versions of the data encryption standard (DES) in output-feedback mode. By varying the number of DES rounds from 1 to 16, it was possible to gradually vary the degree of randomness of the resulting strings. The degree of randomness of the DES, including the 15 short-round versions, was also assessed. Only ensembles generated by one and two round versions were rejected as random.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spallation of Uranium and Thorium Nuclei with Bev-Energy Protons (1961)

Cross section have been measured for the production of isotopes of uranium, protactinium, thorium, and actinium in the irradiation of ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$, ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$, and ${\mathrm{Th}}^{232}$ with 0.68- and 1.8-Bev protons. In addition, some yields were determined at other bombarding energies ranging up to 6.2 Bev. Calculations of the cross sections at 1.8-Bev bombarding energy were made, based on recent Monte Carlo calculations of the knock-on phase of the interaction, combined with published systematics of nuclear evaporation, and several assumptions as to fission-evaporation competition. Even without fission competition the calculated yields are considerably lower than the experimental ones, indicating a failure of the model for the knock-on phase of the reaction to predict sufficient probability for simple processes with low deposition energy. In view of the better agreement with experiment that previous workers have obtained with this type of calculation for 0.34-Bev protons on uranium, it is suggested that the present discrepancy may be due to an overemphasis of meson processes in the proliferation of the knock-on cascade in the calculation.
Projectile attitude and position determination using magnetometer sensor only (2005)

A priori information given by the complete modelling of the ballistic behavior (trajectory, attitude) of the projectile is simplified to give a pertinent reduced evolution model. An algorithm based on extended Kalman filters is designed to determinate: • position: x,y,z references in earth frame. • value and direction of the velocity vector; its direction is given by 2 angles (η and θ). • attitude around velocity vector given by 3 angles: roll angle in the range [0, 2π], angle of attack α and side-slip angle β in the range of few milliradians. The estimation is based on the measures of the magnetic field of the earth given by a three-axis magnetometer sensor embedded on the projectile. The algorithm also needs the knowledge of the direction of the earth magnetic fields in the earth frame and aerodynamics coefficients of the projectile. The algorithm has been tested on simulation, using real evolution of attitude data for a shot with a 155 mm rotating projectile over a distance of 16 km, with wind and measurement noise. The results show that we can estimate milliradians with non-linear equations and approximations, with good precision.
Two different Escherichia coli proP promoters respond to osmotic and growth phase signals (1995)

proP of Escherichia coli encodes an active transport system for proline and glycine betaine which is activated by both hyperosmolarity and amino acid-limited growth. proP DNA sequences far upstream from the translational start site are strongly homologous to the promoter of proU, an operon that specifies another osmoregulated glycine betaine transport system. Mutation and deletion analysis of proP and primer extension experiments established that this promoter, P1, was responsible for proP's strong expression in minimal medium and its response to osmotic signals. When cells were grown in complex medium, expression from a proP-lacZ fusion was induced three- to fourfold as growth slowed and cells entered stationary phase. Stationary-phase induction was dependent on rpoS, which encodes a stationary-phase sigma factor. Deletion of 158 bp of the untranslated leader sequence between P1 and the proP structural gene abolished rpoS-dependent stationary-phase regulation. Transcription initiation detected by primer extension within this region was absent in an rpoS mutant. proP is therefore a member of the growing class of sigma S-dependent genes which respond to both stationary-phase and hyperosmolarity signals.
Uncovering Two Competing Switching Mechanisms for Epitaxial and Ultrathin Strontium Titanate-Based Resistive Switching Bits (2015)

Resistive switches based on anionic electronic conducting oxides are promising devices to replace transistor-based memories due to their excellent scalability and low power consumption. In this study, we create a model switching system by manufacturing resistive switches based on ultrathin 5 nm, epitaxial, and grain boundary-free strontium titanate thin films with subnanometer surface roughness. For our model devices, we unveil two competing nonvolatile resistive switching processes being of different polarities: one switching in clockwise and the other in counterclockwise direction. They can be activated selectively with respect to the effective switching voltage and time applied to the device. Combined analysis of both processes with electrical DC-methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the first resistive switching process is filament-based and exhibits counterclockwise bipolar resistive switching. The R(OFF)/R(ON) resistance ratio of this process is extremely stable and can be tuned in the range 5-25 depending on the switching voltage and time. Excitingly, at high electric field strength a second bipolar resistive switching process was found. This process is clockwise and, therefore, reveals the opposite polarity switching direction when compared to the first one. Both processes do not obstruct each other, consequently, stable 1, 2, or even 3 crossover current-voltage (I-V) characteristics can be addressed for the memory bits. Equivalent circuit model analysis and fitting of impedance characteristics unequivocally show for the created grain boundary free switches that the oxide's defects and its carrier distribution close to the electrode interface contribute to the resistive switching mechanism. The addressability of two sets of resistive ON and OFF states in one device through electric field strength and switching time offers exciting new operation schemes for memory devices.
Gefitinib in Patients with Malignant Mesothelioma: A Phase II Study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (2005)

Although 97% of patients with mesothelioma had EGFR overexpression, gefitinib was not active in malignant mesothelioma. EGFR expression does not correlate with failure-free survival.
Liquid acrylate‐endcapped biodegradable poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐<i>co</i>‐trimethylene carbonate). II. Computer‐aided stereolithographic microarchitectural surface photoconstructs (2002)

Advanced micromedical devices may require computer-aided photofabrication, by which microarchitectural surface design and entire macroshaped body design are feasible. Liquid acrylate-endcapped poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate)s, poly(CL/TMC)s, prepared using trimethylene glycol (TMG) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an initiator and an acrylate group for subsequent terminal capping, were used as photocurable copolymers. The stereolithographically microarchitectured photoconstructs were prepared using a custom-designed apparatus with a moving ultraviolet (UV) light pen driven by a computer-assisted design program. The prepared photoconstructs included microneedles, a microcylinder and microbanks on surfaces. In vitro hydrolytic degradation proceeded with surface erosion when hydrophobic TMG-based photocured copolymers were employed, whereas very fast degradation of hydrophilic PEG-based photocured copolymers probably via concerted actions of surface erosion and bulk degradation was observed. In vivo hydrolytic behavior upon subcutaneous implantation in rats indicated that surface erosion proceeded for TMG-based photoconstructs. Anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin) loading into microneedle-structured surfaces minimized inflammatory reactions. The possible biomedical microarchitectural three dimensinal in biomedical application photoconstructs was discussed.
Application of chaotic switched-capacitor circuits for random number generation (1989)

In this paper a digital/analog switched-capacitor circuit is reported that generates a random sequence of digital words. This circuit can be used to replace the traditional digital pseudorandom generators in those cases where a truly-random digital source is required. >
ChemInform Abstract: Incompressibility and Hardness of Solid Solution Transition Metal Diborides: Os<sub>1‐x</sub>Ru<sub>x</sub>B<sub>2</sub>. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
George Lyman Duff memorial lecture. Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Insights from lipid physical biochemistry. (1988)

This review summarizes the evidence that the physical properties of lipids which accumulate in the intima play major roles in the progression and regression of lesions of atherosclerosis. All of the three major classes of lipids that accumulate in lesions (phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters) are water insoluble. Phospholipids and cholesterol esters are almost mutually insoluble, but cholesterol, a crystalline solid at 37 degrees C, has considerable solubility in phospholipid bilayers and cholesterol esters. In normal infant intima, cholesterol is solubilized by phospholipid membranes. During fatty streak development, groups of cells are stimulated to take up more cholesterol than they excrete. The excess cholesterol is biochemically converted to cholesterol ester, which separates as droplets to form foam cells. Some fatty streaks then undergo a transition to an intermediate lesion containing excess cholesterol which is carried in cholesterol-supersaturated membranes and droplets. When nucleation of this excess cholesterol occurs, it precipitates as crystals; their formation coincides with the onset of necrosis and plaque formation. The hallmark of plaque is the presence of inert cholesterol crystals. They appear to form from hydrolysis of the older deposits of cholesterol esters in the base of intermediate lesions. Thus, the lipids in plaques are stratified, with recently deposited cholesterol esters present in the luminal part of the intima and older deposits in the deeper regions. When plasma cholesterol is lowered below about 150 mg/dl, lipids are mobilized from lesions and regression gradually occurs. Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression. After prolonged periods of low plasma cholesterol, cholesterol esters and foam cells disappear and crystalline cholesterol gradually dissolves, leading to true regression.
Precautions in Team Leader's Selection: Impact on Business Success (2009)

Every business organization targets success in terms of minimum cost, maximum profit, and rich reputation etc. For achieving success in all these dimensions various factors are involved and one of them is selection and formation of team of right persons especially for senior management positions. Investigation revealed that many IT software houses collapsed in Pakistan due to inappropriate selection of the human resources at senior cadres of the management. The study considered personality type assessment of the candidate for senior management position as independent variable and effective strategic planning for business as dependent variable. Using random sampling the study selected a sample of 104 IT/Telecom organizations. The study used a self administered questionnaire for data collection. For analysis of data the study employed descriptive statistics, Pearsonpsilas correlations and partial least square (PLS) regression using SPSS and Smart PLS software respectively. The results indicated that 50% of the IT organizations collapsed for inappropriate selection of senior managers. The study contributed a structured approach for making selection of the right person effective especially for leaderpsilas selection.
유아의 기질과 어머니의 심리적 특성이 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향 (2009)

본 연구는 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 유아의 개인적 특성 변인으로 기질을 선정하고, 어머니의 우울, 불안, 양육스트레스 등 어머니의 심리적 특성을 환경적 요인으로 선정하여 이들 변인 중 어떠한 변인이 유아의 내면화, 외현화 문제행동에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 변인인 지 그 상대적 영향력을 살펴보고자 하였다. 조사대상은 서울과 경기지역 유치원과 어린이집에 다니는 만 4, 5세 유아 96명(남아 50명, 여아 46명)과 그들의 어머니 96명이었다. 연구결과 유아의 내면화 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 변인은 유아의 외향적인 기질과 어머니의 우울이었으며, 어머니의 우울이 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유아의 외현화 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 변인은 어머니의 우울로 나타나, 유아의 내면화, 외현화 문제행동에 어머니의 우울이 가장 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인으로 나타났다.
Effect of sleep position on obstructive sleep apnea. (1988)

In order to examine the effect of sleep position on sleep apnea episodes, seven male patients diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without any organic complication of the upper airway were studied while lying in a supine or lateral position during an all-night polysomnographic study. Apnea index, apnea time/total sleep time (%) and the number of episodes per hour in which oxyhemoglobin saturation dropped below 85% decreased significantly from 51.0 +/- 8.6 (mean +/- S.D.) events/hr, 40.4 +/- 5.8% and 36.2 +/- 9.8 episodes/hr during sleep in supine position to 27.6 +/- 9.1 events/hr, 19.4 +/- 6.0% and 12.9 +/- 5.3 episodes/hr during sleep in lateral position, respectively. Lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation increased significantly from 70.7 +/- 2.6% to 78.0 +/- 2.4%. Thus, sleep in the lateral position may be a simple treatment before essential treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Wavelength tuning of surface plasmon resonance by annealing silver-copper nanoparticles (2006)

Utilizing a pulsed laser deposition method, silver-copper (Ag–Cu) nanoparticles have been synthesized by irradiating the laser light of λ=248nm on Ag and Cu plates under the pressure below 1×10−4Pa. The peak absorption attributed to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Ag–Cu nanoparticles appeared at 763nm, which was approximately 200nm higher wavelength than that of Ag nanoparticles. With increase in the annealing temperature from 300to548K, the peak absorption attributed to SPR of the Ag–Cu nanoparticles shifted continuously from 763to437nm. This fact proved that the peak absorption attributed to SPR can be tuned in the whole visible region by changing the annealing temperature only. Moreover, from the results of atomic force microscopy and grazing angle x-ray diffraction, the SPR wavelength tuning is conjectured due not to the change in the surface morphology of the Ag–Cu nanoparticles but to the increase in the electric conductivity of the nanoparticles induced by the precipitation of Cu atoms.
The application of multi-modal MRI in venous thrombolysis therapy for hyperacute cerebral arterial thrombosis (2009)

Objective To investigate the value of MRI in thmmbolytic thempy of hyperacute cerebral arterial thrombosis.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with acute cerebral arterial thrombosis were recruited.plain CT and multi.modal MRI were performed in all patients.Thirty-three patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction were treated bv recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) and followed-up periodically using MRI.Results The 33 patients with thrombolysis selected by MRI demonstrated clinical improvement.90 d moclified Rankin scale scores(mRs)were less than 2 and life quality Barthal indexes(BI)were from 80 to 100.The complication included one asymptomatic parenchymal hematoma(PH1)one weeks after thrombolytic therapy and 4(12.2%)hemorrhagic infarction(HI)6 to 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy.Condusions MRI has significant clinical value for the screening and follow-up of intravenous thrombolytic therapy of hyperacute ischemic stroke.MRI-based thrombolysis is a safe and effective method for hyperacute ischemic stroke.

Key words: 
Cerebmvascular accident; Thrombolytic therapy; Magnetic regonance imaging
DNA sequence of the araC regulatory gene from Escherichia coli B/r (1980)

The DNA sequence of the araC regulatory gene from Escherichia coli B/r has been determined by the base-specific chemical cleavage reactions of Maxam and Gilbert. An open reading frame is found which codes for a protein of 292 amino acids. A nonsense mutation, araC5, is shown to result from a G to A transition at nucleotide 429 converting the tryptophan codon TGG to the amber codon TAG. A deletion which does not recombine with any known point mutation in araC, delta(araCO)719, removes all but the last 22 codons of the gene.
A spreadsheet-based user interface for managing plural relationships in structured data (2011)

A key feature of relational database applications is managing \emph{plural} relationships---one-to-many and many-to-many---between entities. However, since it is often infeasible to adopt or develop a new database application for any given schema at hand, information workers instead turn to spreadsheets, which lend themselves poorly to schemas requiring multiple related entity sets. In this paper, we propose to reduce the cost-usability gap between spreadsheets and tailor-made relational database applications by extending the spreadsheet paradigm to let the user establish relationships between rows in related worksheets as well as view and navigate the hierarchical cell structure that arises as a result. We present Related Worksheets, a spreadsheet-like prototype application, and evaluate it with a screencast-based user study on 36 Mechanical Turk workers. First-time users of our software were able to solve lookup-type query tasks with the same or higher accuracy as subjects using Microsoft Excel, in one case 40% faster on average.
Artificial heterokaryons of animal cells from different species (1966)

ABSTRACT A virus, inactivated by ultraviolet light, was used to fuse together cells from different species of vertebrate, and the resulting heterokaryons were examined by autoradiographic and cytological techniques. Heterokaryons could be made with both differentiated and undifferentiated cells: HeLa and Ehrlich ascites cells were studied as examples of undifferentiated cells; rabbit macrophages, rat lymphocytes and hen erythrocytes as examples of differentiated cells. These last three cells were chosen because in them, in varying degrees, the process of differentiation has resulted in suppression of the synthesis of DNA or of both DNA and RNA. This suppression was in all cases found to be reversible: the dormant nuclei could be induced to resume the synthesis of RNA or DNA or both when the differentiated cells were fused with a cell which normally synthesizes RNA and DNA. Observations on heterokaryons in which differentiated cells were fused with HeLa cells and with each other permitted certain general conclusions to be drawn about the regulation of nucleic acid synthesis in the heterokaryon. It was found that if either one of the parent cells normally synthesized RNA, RNA synthesis took place in both types of nuclei in the heterokaryon. If either of the parent cells normally synthesized DNA, DNA synthesis took place in both types of nuclei in the heterokaryon. If neither of the parent cells synthesized DNA, no DNA synthesis took place in the heterokaryon. In all cases where a cell which synthesized a particular nucleic acid was fused with one which did not, the active cell initiated the synthesis of this nucleic acid in the inactive partner. In no case did the inactive cell suppress synthesis in the active partner. The nuclei of heterokaryons in which DNA synthesis took place underwent mitosis, and those nuclei which entered mitosis synchronously usually fused together. This process resulted in the progressive formation of mononucleate hybrid cells, which might thus contain within a single nucleus chromosomal complements derived from different species. These mononucleate hybrid cells were also capable of RNA and DNA synthesis, and many of them in turn underwent mitosis. At metaphase these cells showed, in various combinations, the chromosomal complements of the two parent cells. Mononucleate hybrid cells formed by the fusion of a large number of single cells did not appear to be capable of continued multiplication; but mononucleate cells containing one chromosomal set from each parent cell were still found to be undergoing mitosis many days after cell fusion.
Contingency Selection Method for On-line Small Signal Stability Monitoring (2002)

To make more use of existing electric power transmission facilities, security assessment utilizing on-line data is thought to be one of the effective measures that can be taken. To realize on-line assessment of post-fault small signal stability for a number of supposed contingencies, it is effective to pick out severe contingencies to be analyzed with precise assessment program, e.g. S-method. We developed contingency selection method that has two indexes for selection. One of the indexes is post-fault eigenvalue estimation based on 2nd approximation of eigenvalue change for system matrix change, which is effective for relatively weak non-linear eigenvalue change. The other one is Non-linearity Index that indicates the strength of non-linearity of eigenvalue change. It is effective to detect the strong non-linear eigenvalue change that can not be estimated correctly by the 2nd approximation estimation. Calculation results with IEEJ Bulk Power System Models show that the proposed method can effectively decrease the number of contingencies that have to be analyzed with precise Small Signal Stability Analysis method.
Inhibition of Ribonuclease P Activity by Retinoids (1998)

The effect of two naturally occurring (retinol and all-trans retinoic acid) and two synthetic (isotretinoin and acitretin) analogs of vitamin A (retinoids) on tRNA biogenesis was investigated employing the RNase P of Dictyostelium discoideum as an in vitro experimental system. RNase P is an ubiquitous and essential enzyme that endonucleolytically cleaves all tRNA precursors to produce the mature 5' end. All retinoids tested revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of RNase P activity, indicating that these compounds may have a direct effect on tRNA biogenesis. Detailed kinetic analysis showed that all retinoids behave as classical competitive inhibitors. The Ki values determined were 1475 microM for retinol, 15 microM for all-trans retinoic acid, 20 microM for isotretinoin, and 8.0 microM for acitretin. On the basis of these values acitretin is a 184, 2.5, and 1.9 times more potent inhibitor, as compared with retinol, isotretinoin, and all-trans retinoic acid, respectively. Taking into account that retinoids share no structural similarities to precursor tRNA, it is suggested that their kinetic behavior reflects allosteric interactions of these compounds with hydrophobic site(s) of D. discoideum RNase P.