gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-Robust-ADMM-Net: Joint ADMM Framework and DNN for Robust Sparse Composite Regularization (2018)

Symmetric α-stable (SαS) noise is a typical form of impulsive noise often generated in signal measurement and transmission systems. The problem of reconstructing an image from a small number of under-sampled data corrupted by impulsive noise is called robust compressive sensing (CS). In this paper, to effectively suppress the outliers and accurately reconstruct the image from compressive measured data in the presence of SαS noise, a novel composite robust alternating direction method of multiplier network-based CS algorithm is proposed. Specifically, we first employ the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm as the estimator to depress the influence of SαS noise, and then the ADMM framework is employed to address the resulting optimization problem. Moreover, a smoothing strategy is adopted to address the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm based non-smooth optimization problem. To exploit more prior knowledge and image features, a robust composite regularization model is proposed for training by the deep neural network (DNN). In the training phase, the DNN can be utilized to train the samples for the optimal parameters, the optimal shrinkage function and the optimal transform domain, which can be reserved as the network. In the reconstruction process, the obtained network can be employed for improving the reconstruction performance. Experiments show that our proposed algorithm can obtain higher reconstruction Peak signal-to-noise ratio than the existing state-of-the-art robust CS methods.
Flow improvers in NGL pipelines (1986)

Initial testing and commercial applications of flow improver technology in natural gas liquids pipeline systems have been accomplished, and pipeline tests have demonstrated the positive performance of these polymers under varying pipeline sizes and conditions. Product testing has shown that product quality is unaffected at effective concentration levels. Application of flow improvers (i.e., any chemical addition to pipelines that reduce the frictional pressure loss of the flowing fluid) can now be considered along with the normally more expensive mechanical options of pumps, pump stations, or line looping when throughput problems arise in pipeline systems that carry liquefied petroleum gases, such as ethane-propane, propane, and propane-butane plus heavies. CDR flow improvers have been used commercially in crude oil pipelines since 1979. These drag reducers-flow improvers are injected into pipelines and subsequently cause a reduction in the frictional pressure loss of the system. By reducing these losses, capacity of the system is increased, often dramatically. This technology has also been introduced into product pipelines within the last few years. This was made possible by the ever-increasing performance of these chemicals. As the required concentrations were reduced to the low parts-per-million level, the effect on petroleum product quality of gasolines and diesels withmore » regard to product specification and overall performance was eliminated at effective concentration levels.« less
Flow induced slider vibration in a functional HDDI: Influence of air shroud (2009)

An air shroud is designed and placed within a commercially available hard disk drive operating at 15000 rpm. Turbulent air flow characteristics resulting from both the models, with and without air shroud, are compared and discussed. The wind blowing on the surfaces of the head gimbals assembly is converted into aerodynamic forces and the resulting positioning error due to off-track and out-of-plane displacements of various sliders are investigated. It is inferred the disk drive model with air shroud resulted in 21% and 40% less off-track and out-of-plane displacements respectively.
A computer program to analyze x-ray diffraction films (1993)

We have developed a Macintosh computer program to analyze Debye–Scherrer x-ray powder diffraction films digitized with a conventional scanner. The program uses a fast derivatives-free procedure to fit distorted ellipses corresponding to the diffraction rings on the film. These ellipses are collapsed into a one-dimensional plot of intensity versus scattering angle, from which one can extract information about the diffraction pattern that would have been lost in visual reading. Moreover, uncertainties are decreased by a factor of ∼30 over visual reading, and the analysis of diffraction films is reduced to a matter of minutes.
High resolution dynamic WDM equalizer using Opto-VLSI beam processing (2003)

We demonstrate an efficient wavelength-division- multiplexed (WDM) equalizer structure that uses a reconfigurable opto-very large scale integrated processor to steer/reshape many optical beams simultaneously, thus, achieving channel-by-channel equalization. More than 30-dB dynamic range is demonstrated with a proof-of-principle three-WDM-channel equalizer.
ADAM9 disintegrin domain activates human neutrophils through an autocrine circuit involving integrins and CXCR2 (2015)

ADAM9 is a member of the ADAM family whose expression positively correlates with tumor progression. Besides the metalloprotease activity, ADAM9D interacts with different integrins, modulating cell-adhesion events. Previous studies pointed to an important role for neutrophils in tumor development, as the inhibition of neutrophil migration or depletion of this immune cell impairs tumor growth. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, as well as the main key players acting on neutrophils, is very limited. Here, we investigated the possible modulatory effects of ADAM9D on human neutrophil functions. Our results show that ADAM9D promotes neutrophil activation and chemotaxis in a process that depends on the engagement of <i>α</i><sub>v</sub><i>β</i><sub>3</sub> and <i>α</i><sub>9</sub><i>β</i><sub>1</sub> integrins and on the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathway. ADAM9D impairs migration of neutrophils toward fMLP, LTB<sub>4</sub>, and IL-8 as classic chemoattractants. This effect is blocked by PTX, a G(i)PCR inhibitor. Furthermore, CXCR2 antagonists RPTX and SB225002 also impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in response to ADAM9D, suggesting a hierarchical cross-talk of integrins with CXCR2. Our results indicate that ADAM9D activates neutrophil functions and may be implicated in the inflammatory events associated with cancer and other disorders.
Empirical Methods to Calculate an Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Dose Conversion Ratio in Nondialyzed Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2009)

The methodology used in estimating the DCR accounts for the nonproportional dose relationship between epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa and may represent an advance over the methods used in previous research. The mean maintenance DCR between the 2 ESAs exceeds a threshold of 300 U:1 micrograms, which is greater than previously reported DRs. This methodology provides payers the means to compare ESA doses in CKD patients not receiving dialysis.
NFS‐based secure file sharing over multiple administrative domains with minimal administration (2002)

Abstract Although several schemes of file sharing for Unixes have been proposed so far, file sharing by these schemes between different administrative domains is difficult and imposes enormous burden on the administrators even if file sharing is possible since the user information differs by such computers in general. In this paper, the file system PNFS (Proxy/Private Network File System), which makes file sharing based on NFS easy between different administrative domains, is proposed. With PNFS, a user can share files of a server that has his account without intervention of its administrator. Although, in general, a decrease in security occurs when intervention of an administrator is omitted, security is enhanced by encryption and the like by the PNFS. In addition, the efficacy of the proposed system has been verified by performance evaluation of a prototype system, which shows a practically sufficient throughput even with simultaneous accesses from a multiple number of clients. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 50–58, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10027
Simultaneous multi-cancer detection and tissue of origin (TOO) localization using targeted bisulfite sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). (2019)

44 Background: A noninvasive cfDNA blood test detecting multiple cancers at earlier stages could decrease cancer mortality. In earlier discovery work, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing outperformed whole-genome and targeted sequencing approaches for multi-cancer detection across stages at high specificity. Here, multi-cancer detection and TOO localization using bisulfite sequencing of plasma cfDNA to identify methylomic signatures was evaluated in preparation for clinical validation, utility, and implementation studies. Methods: 2301 analyzable participants (1422 cancer [ > 20 tumor types, all stages], 879 non-cancer) were included in this prespecified substudy from the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) (NCT02889978) study - a prospective, multi-center, observational, case-control study with longitudinal follow-up. Plasma cfDNA was subjected to a targeted methylation sequencing assay using high-efficiency methylation chemistry to enrich for methylation targets, and a machine learning classifier determined cancer status and tissue of origin (TOO). Observed methylation fragments characteristic of cancer and TOO were combined across targeted regions and assigned a relative probability of cancer and of a specific TOO. Results: Performance is reported at 99% specificity (ie, a combined false positive rate across all cancer types of 1%), a level required for population-level screening. Across cancer types, sensitivity ranged from 59 to 86%. Combined cancer detection (sensitivity [95% CI]) was 34% (27-43%) in stage I (n = 151), 77% (70-83%) in stage II (n = 171), 84% (79-89%) in stage III (n = 204), and 92% (88-95%) in stage IV (n = 281). TOO was provided for 94% of all cancers detected; of these, TOO was correct in > 90% of cases. Conclusions: Detection of multiple deadly cancers across stages using methylation signatures in plasma cfDNA was achieved with a single, fixed, low false positive rate, and simultaneously provided accurate TOO localization. This targeted methylation assay is undergoing validation in preparation for prospective clinical investigation as a cancer detection diagnostic. Clinical trial information: NCT02889978.
Mechanisms of shock-induced arrhythmogenesis during acute global ischemia (2002)

Little is known about the mechanisms of vulnerability and defibrillation under ischemic conditions. We investigated these mechanisms in 18 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts during 75% reduced-flow ischemia. Electrical activity was optically mapped from the anterior epicardium during right ventricular shocks applied at various phases of the cardiac cycle while the excitation-contraction decoupler 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM; 15 mM) was used to suppress motion artifacts caused by contraction of the heart. During ischemia, vulnerable window width increased [from 30-90% of the action potential duration (APD) in the control to -10 to 100% of the APD in ischemia]. Moreover, arrhythmia severity increased along with the reduction of APD (176 +/- 9 ms in control and 129 +/- 26 ms in ischemia, P < 0.01) and increased dispersion of repolarization (45 +/- 17 ms in control and 73 +/- 28 ms in ischemia, P < 0.01). Shock-induced virtual electrode polarization was preserved. Depolarizing (contrary to hyperpolarizing) response time constants increased. Virtual electrode-induced wavefronts of excitation had much more tortuous pathways leading to wavefront fractionation. Defibrillation failure at all shock strengths was observed in four hearts. Optical mapping revealed that the shock extinguished the arrhythmia; however, the arrhythmia self-originated after an isoelectric window of 339 +/- 189 ms. In conclusion, in most cases, virtual electrode-induced phase singularity (VEIPS) was responsible for shock-induced arrhythmogenesis during acute global ischemia. Enhancement of arrhythmogenesis was associated with an increased dispersion of repolarization and altered deexcitation. In four hearts, arrhythmogenesis could not be explained by VEIPS.
Inhaled therapy for acute adult asthma (2003)

According to the latest evidence, the goals of treatment may be summarized as follows: maintenance of adequate arterial oxygen saturation with supplemental oxygen, relief of airflow obstruction by administration of inhaled beta-agonists and anticholinergics, and reduction of airway inflammation and prevention of future relapses by using early administration of systemic corticosteroids.
Use of Advanced Mud Gas Chromatography for Reservoir Quality Prediction While Drilling (2016)

Abstract While drilling through a reservoir, a lot of valuable information can be obtained from mud logging to support formation evaluation. Field data will help wellsite geologists, petrophysicist and reservoir engineers to predict reservoir quality, fluid contacts and reservoir permeability based on formation gases detected while drilling. This study discusses some examples from exploratory wells that have recently been drilled in Kuwait. Gas readings were recorded while drilling through deep Jurassic formations to evaluate hydrocarbon content using Advanced Gas Chromatography. The primary components of the system utilized are: a constant volume gas extractor, a gas sample flow control system, and a high resolution chromatographic system. To interpret the findings Gas readings are monitored by a complex system which provides real-time continuous measurements of the concentration of formation gases from very light components such as methane, to heavy components such as C6, C7 and C8 hydrocarbon species, comprising n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, benzene and toluene. Formation gas is considered as the first indication of a reservoir's fluid characterization and reflects the extent of the productivity of the well. Geochemical ratios and equations can enhance the interpretation of field data and give the first indication of zones of interest that need further evaluation. Dedicated flowmeter sensors (Coriolis) utilized to evaluate formation fractures while drilling. The Delta Flow trend versus time is characteristic of the type of losses and consequently of the downhole fractures. Geochemical ratios are plotted against depth and lithology to determine fluid type, contacts, fractures and dolomitization. For this purpose Well-Site Geochemical Package services, including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) workflow at rig site was also applied in of the wells. The analysis is based on measuring major and minor chemical mineralogy and elements of the drilled cuttings. This has helped in better quantitative assessment of different facies such as limestone, dolomite, shale etc., and providing a better control on geological model update while drilling the well. To take advantage of the field data, advanced mudlogging data are plotted on a depth log, which can be easily integrated with other data (post well data).
A compact B-tree (2002)

In this paper we describe a Patricia tree-based B-tree variant suitable for OLTP. In this variant, each page of the B-tree contains a local Patricia tree instead of the usual sorted array of keys. It has been implemented in iAnywhere ASA Version 8.0. Preliminary experience has shown that these indexes can provide significant space and performance benefits over existing ASA indexes.
Immigrant Incorporation in the Garment Industry of Los Angeles (1999)

Stressing the network's facilitation of immigrants’ searches for jobs and housing, migration network theory has conceptually overlooked the manner in which immigrants’ social networks also expand the supply of jobs and housing in target destinations by means of the ethnic economy. An expanded migration network theory takes into account the ethnic economy's role in creating new resources in the destination economy. However, the power of this objection wanes in the context of working-class immigrations that generate few entrepreneurs. Introduced here, the concept of immigrant economy responds to this contingency. Unlike ethnic economies, in which co-ethnics hire co-ethnics, immigrant economies arise when immigrants hire non-co-ethnic fellow immigrants. This situation usually arises when very entrepreneurial immigrant groups coexist in a labor market with working-class immigrant groups that generate few entrepreneurs of their own. Using evidence from the garment industry of Los Angeles, this paper estimates that only a third of immigrant employees found their jobs in a conventional ethnic economy. Half owed their employment to the immigrant economy in which, for the most part, Asian entrepreneurs employed Latino workers.
Bacteriophage Adsorption Rate and Optimal Lysis Time (2008)

The first step of bacteriophage (phage) infection is the attachment of the phage virion onto a susceptible host cell. This adsorption process is usually described by mass-action kinetics, which implicitly assume an equal influence of host density and adsorption rate on the adsorption process. Therefore, an environment with high host density can be considered as equivalent to a phage endowed with a high adsorption rate, and vice versa. On the basis of this assumption, the effect of adsorption rate on the evolution of phage optimal lysis time can be reinterpreted from previous optimality models on the evolution of optimal lysis time. That is, phage strains with a higher adsorption rate would have a shorter optimal lysis time and vice versa. Isogenic phage lambda-strains with different combinations of six different lysis times (ranging from 29.3 to 68 min), two adsorption rates (9.9 x 10(-9) and 1.3 x 10(-9) phage(-1) cell(-1) ml(-1) min(-1)), and two markers (resulting in "blue" or "white" plaques) were constructed. Various pairwise competitions among these strains were conducted to test the model prediction. As predicted by the reinterpreted model, the results showed that the optimal lysis time is shorter for phage strains with a high adsorption rate and vice versa. Competition between high- and low-adsorption strains also showed that, under current conditions and phenotype configurations, the adsorption rate has a much larger impact on phage relative fitness than the lysis time.
Reduction of metallothioneins promotes the disease expression of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice in a dose‐dependent manner (2001)

We previously reported that abnormal copper release from mutated Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) proteins might be a common toxic gain-of-function in the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) [Ogawa et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 241, 251-257.]. In the present study, we first examined metallothioneins (MTs), known to bind copper ions and decrease oxidative toxicity, and found a twofold increase in MTs in the spinal cord of the SOD1 transgenic mice with a FALS-linked mutation (G93A), but not in the spinal cord of wild-type SOD1 transgenic mice. We then investigated whether the clinical course of FALS mice could be modified by the reduced expression of MTs, by crossing the FALS mice with MT-I- and MT-II-deficient mice. FALS mice clearly reached the onset of clinical signs and death significantly earlier in response to the reduction of protein expression. These results indicated that the copper-mediated free radical generation derived from mutant SOD1 might be related to the degeneration of motor neurons in FALS and that MTs might play a protective role against the expression of the disease.
Positive and Negative Sequence based Sensorless Control for Stand-Alone Slip-Ring Generator (2006)

A stand alone power generation system with doubly fed induction generator and its control method is presented in the paper. A slip-ring induction generator is equipped with the stator connected capacitances for filtering the switching frequency harmonics produced by the rotor connected power electronics converter. The proposed direct voltage control method, based on the stator voltage vector reference, provides fixed frequency and amplitude of the generated stator voltage operation. Different types of load (linear nonlinear) can be supplied keeping high quality voltage. A star connected stator provides the four wires system, supplying a single phase or unbalanced load. However the high load asymmetry produces the unbalanced stator voltage and in this case the additional part of the voltage control method is necessary for voltage asymmetry correction. As the main part of the control method bases of the positive sequence component of the stator voltage vector, the asymmetry correction algorithm bases on the negative sequence components. To extract both positive and negative sequence components of the stator voltage vector, two independent rotating frames are used. The coordinates systems rotates in opposite directions with synchronous and counter to synchronous angular speed. A PSIM software is used for control method design and prototyping. A proposed stand alone power generation system was build and tested. The developed stator voltage control with voltage asymmetry algorithm is proved by simulations and by oscillograms from laboratory tests
Coffee induces autophagy in vivo (2014)

Epidemiological studies and clinical trials revealed that chronic consumption coffee is associated with the inhibition of several metabolic diseases as well as reduction in overall and cause-specific mortality. We show that both natural and decaffeinated brands of coffee similarly rapidly trigger autophagy in mice. One to 4 h after coffee consumption, we observed an increase in autophagic flux in all investigated organs (liver, muscle, heart) in vivo, as indicated by the increased lipidation of LC3B and the reduction of the abundance of the autophagic substrate sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1). These changes were accompanied by the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), leading to the reduced phosphorylation of p70(S6K), as well as by the global deacetylation of cellular proteins detectable by immunoblot. Immunohistochemical analyses of transgenic mice expressing a GFP-LC3B fusion protein confirmed the coffee-induced relocation of LC3B to autophagosomes, as well as general protein deacetylation. Altogether, these results indicate that coffee triggers 2 phenomena that are also induced by nutrient depletion, namely a reduction of protein acetylation coupled to an increase in autophagy. We speculate that polyphenols contained in coffee promote health by stimulating autophagy.
Influence of preparation conditions on the physical properties of zein films (2002)

Abstract Zein is a hydrophobic protein produced from maize. Biodegradable zein films without additional reagents were prepared using various controlled drying conditions. The zein films were transparent. Mechanical properties (tensile strength and puncture strength), gas permeability, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the zein films were measured. The tensile strengths of the zein films were between 7 and 30 MPa and the puncture strengths between 37 and 191 MPa. The zein films had higher oxygen permeability than carbon dioxide permeability. The lowest WVP of the zein film was 0.012×10 −9 g·m/m 2 ·s·Pa. We found differences in the WVP between the sides of the zein films; i.e., the air side of the zein film had a higher WVP than the basal side of the zein film when the films were exposed to high humidity during testing. This indicates a relationship between the WVP of the zein film and the contact angle of the zein film. The mechanical properties of the zein film depended on the drying conditions during preparation. Zein films with various useful physical mechanical properties were produced.