gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of the monoclonal antibody B72.3 and its fragments labeled with either 125I or 111In. (1987)

A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of intact B72.3 (a murine monoclonal antibody specific for human breast and colon carcinoma) with F(ab')2 and Fab fragments labeled with 111In and 125I was done in athymic mice bearing target (LS174T) and non-target (HCT-15) tumors. IgG B72.3 labeled with either isotype imaged LS174T. Biodistributions of both labels were similar in all organs except liver. F(ab')2 also imaged the LS174T tumor, while Fab bearing either isotype did not. The blood clearance was Fab greater than F(ab')2 greater than immunoglobulin G B72.3 for both isotopes. 111In-labeled fragments yielded large accumulations in the kidneys which persisted for 2 days. The different patterns of biodistribution for the various forms of B72.3 labeled with the two isotopes suggest that the most desirable combination of fragment and isotope will depend on the intended use.
Tenascin in the injured rat optic nerve and in non‐neuronal cells in vitro: Potential role in neural repair (1994)

The distribution of tenascin was examined in the lesioned adult rat optic nerve and central nervous system (CNS) non-neuronal cells in vitro, by means of a double immunofluorescence technique. Tenascin-like immunoreactivity is localized to the leptomeninges and astrocytes that border the site of optic nerve transection. Anti-tenascin labeling was observed as early as 24 hours after transection, when it appeared as a fine interface between leptomeninges and neural tissue. The anti-tenascin labeling increased in the cells at this border zone during the next 2 weeks, and disappeared 18-21 days after transection. In vitro studies further confirmed that both astrocytes and leptomeningeal cells express tenascin as detected by immunofluorescence labeling with anti-tenascin antibodies. However, the pattern of immunolabeling associated with the two cell types differed. Astrocytes showed exclusively punctate labeling of the cell surface, while leptomeningeal cells showed mainly coarse, fibrillary, matrix-like deposits. Astrocytes and leptomeningeal cells remained segregated when cocultured. In these cultures, an increased amount of the fibrillary, matrix-like deposits of tenascin was also observed in the region of the interface between astrocytes and leptomeningeal cells when these two cell types contact each other. Given the antiadhesive and antispreading properties of tenascin, these in vivo and in vitro results suggest that tenascin might play a role in the initial segregation of leptomeningeal cells from neural tissue at the site of CNS trauma during the first 2 weeks after injury, i.e., prior to the formation of a fully differentiated glia limitans. Therefore, tenascin may influence the early stages in the formation of the glia limitans, and thus prevent the indiscriminate migration of leptomeningeal cells into CNS tissue after injury.
The VirB type IV secretion system of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> mediates invasion, proinflammatory activation and antiapoptotic protection of endothelial cells (2004)

Bartonella henselae is an arthropod-borne zoonotic pathogen causing intraerythrocytic bacteraemia in the feline reservoir host and a broad range of clinical manifestations in incidentally infected humans. Remarkably, B. henselae can specifically colonize the human vascular endothelium, resulting in inflammation and the formation of vasoproliferative lesions known as bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis. Cultured human endothelial cells provide an in vitro system to study this intimate interaction of B. henselae with the vascular endothelium. However, little is known about the bacterial virulence factors required for this pathogenic process. Recently, we identified the type IV secretion system (T4SS) VirB as an essential pathogenicity factor in Bartonella, required to establish intraerythrocytic infection in the mammalian reservoir. Here, we demonstrate that the VirB T4SS also mediates most of the virulence attributes associated with the interaction of B. henselae during the interaction with human endothelial cells. These include: (i) massive rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, resulting in the formation of bacterial aggregates and their internalization by the invasome structure; (ii) nuclear factor kappaB-dependent proinflammatory activation, leading to cell adhesion molecule expression and chemokine secretion, and (iii) inhibition of apoptotic cell death, resulting in enhanced endothelial cell survival. Moreover, we show that the VirB system mediates cytostatic and cytotoxic effects at high bacterial titres, which interfere with a potent VirB-independent mitogenic activity. We conclude that the VirB T4SS is a major virulence determinant of B. henselae, required for targeting multiple endothelial cell functions exploited by this vasculotropic pathogen.
Analysis of multicarrier PWM methods for a single-phase five level inverter (2002)

This paper investigates and analyses different multicarrier PWM methods for a single phase five level cascaded inverter. Carrier disposition methods, phase shifted and a hybrid method are discussed with respect to resulting switching frequencies, complexity of implementation, spectrum of the output waveform, and the use of inverter state redundancies to perform additional application specific control tasks, such as power flow control from each DC source. A concept of separating the waveshaping function from the switch selection is explored and selected experimental results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Induced Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide for the Direct Ketonization of Methylenic Carbon (c‐C6H12 → c‐C6H10(O)) and the Dioxygenation of Acetylenes and Arylolefins. (1990)

Abstract In pyridine/acetic acid solvent complexes such as (I) and its μ‐oxo dimer (II) catalyze hydrogen peroxide for the selective ketonization of methylenic carbons and the dioxygenation of acetylenes to α‐diketones and arylolefins to aldehydes; e.g. cyclohexane is transformed with 72% efficiency to give 95% cyclohexanone and 5% cyclohexanol.
DeepSentiBank: Visual Sentiment Concept Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2014)

This paper introduces a visual sentiment concept classification method based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The visual sentiment concepts are adjective noun pairs (ANPs) automatically discovered from the tags of web photos, and can be utilized as effective statistical cues for detecting emotions depicted in the images. Nearly one million Flickr images tagged with these ANPs are downloaded to train the classifiers of the concepts. We adopt the popular model of deep convolutional neural networks which recently shows great performance improvement on classifying large-scale web-based image dataset such as ImageNet. Our deep CNNs model is trained based on Caffe, a newly developed deep learning framework. To deal with the biased training data which only contains images with strong sentiment and to prevent overfitting, we initialize the model with the model weights trained from ImageNet. Performance evaluation shows the newly trained deep CNNs model SentiBank 2.0 (or called DeepSentiBank) is significantly improved in both annotation accuracy and retrieval performance, compared to its predecessors which mainly use binary SVM classification models.
A vision from the future: beyond 3G TDD (2005)

This article introduces the visions and developments of Beyond 3G mobile communications in the China TDD Special Work Group. System structure, radio transmission design, radio resource management, and demonstration system implementation are covered. In system structure, the concept of group cell and the architecture of distributed antennas are introduced. The radio link transmission design presented in this article includes the radio frame structure, multiple access scheme, and promising key techniques. Link-level simulations prove the advantages of the design. The radio resource management strategies are introduced to optimize the system performance. The B3G TDD demonstration system being built by the TDD Special Work Group is also shown finally.
The use of PCR to Probe Calcium Channel Diversity (1991)

Voltage-dependent calcium channels are a diverse set of proteins that can be classified into at least 3 classes based on their electrophysiological and pharmacological behavior. Our studies have focused on the dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type class, which has two isoforms that have been cloned and expressed. In this report we describe the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR, Cetus) to probe for the expression of L-type calcium channel isoforms. We describe the optimization of the PCR reaction in terms of the following: methods for producing the template cDNA, concentration of primers, and magnesium concentration. In addition, we discuss our efforts to understand the factors involved in the design of oligonucleotides for PCR primers. These studies led to the following conclusions: 1) that primers should be less than 30 base pairs in length, 2) that the addition of extraneous polylinker sequences on the 5' end of the primer has no effect, 3) that the primer should not be located in regions where secondary structure may exist, and 4) that non-degenerate primers can be used to amplify homologous gene family members. We also present methods for subcloning PCR fragments, which allow the product of a single reaction to be subcloned and sequenced. We illustrate the use of all these techniques with RNA from mouse ovary, where we have discovered the expression of the cardiac isoform of the dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channel, and the expression of a novel sequence that we postulate to be an isoform of L-type calcium channels.
Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death (1984)

The pathophysiology of hypoxic neuronal death, which is difficult to study in vivo, was further defined in vitro by placing dispersed cultures of rat hippocampal neurons into an anoxic atmosphere. Previous experiments had demonstrated that the addition of high concentrations of magnesium, which blocks transmitter release, protected anoxic neurons. These more recent experiments have shown that gamma-D-glutamylglycine (DGG), a postsynaptic blocker of excitatory amino acids, was highly effective in preventing anoxic neuronal death. DGG also completely protected the cultured neurons from the toxicity of exogenous glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP). In parallel physiology experiments, DGG blocked the depolarization produced by GLU and ASP, and dramatically reduced EPSPs in synaptically coupled pairs of neurons. These results provide convincing evidence that the synaptic release of excitatory transmitter, most likely GLU or ASP, mediates the death of anoxic neurons. This result has far-reaching implications regarding the interpretation of the existing literature on cerebral hypoxia. Furthermore, it suggests new strategies that may be effective in preventing the devastating insults produced by cerebral hypoxia and ischemia in man.
Voice signalling in the telephone network (1983)

Signalling between a telephone user and the automatic network by means of dialled digits and coded tones offers little more than basic service. A wider range of services is possible by adopting the more natural medium of speech. A historical perspective illustrates developments from the speaking clock to voice guidance and improved information services. The way ahead lies in exploiting the new technologies of automatic speech generation and recognition. While these are still in their infancy there is an opportunity to ensure that they are incorporated into networks in the most satisfactory way for both administrations and customers. This will entail research into speech algorithms, hardware technologies, systems and human factors, with increasing future emphasis upon the last two.
불교 동화의 유아교육적 적용과 유아들의 반응에 관한 연구 (2009)

본 연구는 유아 동화로서의 내용과 구조를 갖추고 있는 불전 설화를 유아 교육 현장에 적용하여 보고, 불전 설화가 어떤 교육적 가치와 의미를 가지고 있는가를 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 불전 설화가 동화로서 어떤 성격을 가지는지 또한 유아교육에 어떤 기여를 할 수 있는지에 관하여 이론적 탐색을 하였다. 그리고, 불교 동화로 재화하는 작업을 수행한 불전 설화를 유아교육 현장에 적용하고 유아를 대상으로 설문조사한 결과를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 불전 설화에 대한 이론적 탐색과 현장 적용 결과를 토대로, 불전 설화의 현장 적용 방법과 유아교육적 의미에 대하여 종합적으로 논의하였다. 그 결과, 유아들이 동화의 주제를 이해하고, 실생활과 연관 지어 사고하고 행동할 수 있다는 것, 그리고 유아기에도 종교성이 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과가 유아의 문학 경험의 범위를 넓히고, 상상력과 더불어 도덕성과 지혜를 포함한 유아의 전반적인 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 나아가 현대 유아교육에 불교의 가르침을 적용·통합하는 데에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.
Introduction to Maple (2001)

Maple is a symbolic calculation program, capable of dealing with both numeric and symbolic quantities. When properly harnessed, it can be a great help in understanding differential equations as well as many other areas of mathematics. Maple as distributed actually contains a large number of “cookbook” routines, both numerical and symbolic, that with suitable coaxing will produce “answers” to various standard problems.
Thermal performance evaluation and optimal design of buildings with integrated air-based photovoltaic thermal collectors and phase change materials using the Hooke-Jeeves pattern search method (2016)

Over the last several decades, many low energy technologies have been developed and deployed to reduce building energy consumption. Among various solutions, solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors and phase change materials (PCMs) are among the most promising methods receiving increasing attention. This paper presents a thermal performance evaluation and optimal design of buildings integrated with air-based solar PVT collectors and PCMs embedded in the building envelope by using The Hooke-Jeeves pattern search method. The Hooke-Jeeves generalized pattern search is used to search for optimal solutions of the optimization problem. The variables optimized include the PVT air flow rate, additional wall insulation and PCM layer thickness. The optimal values identified by using the Hooke-Jeeves pattern search method for the PVT air flow rate, additional wall insulation and PCM layer thickness were 1359.4 kg/h, 3.0 m2·K/W and 0.03 m, respectively. The Coefficient of Thermal Performance Enhancement (CTPE) of the house reached 72.6% when the optimal design values identified were used.
A synthetic small molecule, ONO-1301, enhances endogenous growth factor expression and augments angiogenesis in the ischaemic heart (2007)

It has been shown previously that administration of angiogenic growth factors as genes or proteins can augment collateral growth in ischaemic tissues. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ONO-1301, a synthetic prostacyclin agonist with thromboxane-synthase-inhibitory activity, on expression of endogenous growth factors and angiogenesis. ONO-1301 induced secretion of HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) from cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Dibutyryl cAMP, an analogue of cAMP, and forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, mimicked the effect of ONO-1301. Conversely, Rp-cAMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate), an inhibitor of cAMP, partially inhibited the effect of ONO-1301, suggesting that cAMP mediated the effect of ONO-1301 in up-regulating the expression of HGF and VEGF, at least in part. ONO-1301 promoted tube-like formation by HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) when co-cultured with fibroblasts, and the angiogenic effect of ONO-1301 was abrogated by administration of a neutralizing antibody against HGF or VEGF. To generate a slow-releasing form of ONO-1301, ONO-1301 was mixed with poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid). The slow-releasing form of ONO-1301 was injected directly into the ischaemic myocardium of mice immediately after ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The slow-releasing form of ONO-1301 up-regulated HGF and VEGF expression and increased capillary density in the border zone (342.7+/-29.7 capillaries/mm(2) in controls compared with 557.2+/-26.7 capillaries/mm(2) in treated animals; P<0.01) at 7 days. The slow-releasing form of ONO-1301 ameliorated left ventricular enlargement after 28 days and improved survival rate. In conclusion, our results indicate that ONO-1301 up-regulated endogenous growth factors and promoted angiogenesis in response to acute ischaemia. Therefore ONO-1301 might have a therapeutic potential in treating ischaemic diseases.
A Physicochemical and Mutational Analysis of Intersubunit Interactions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Ferritin A (2015)

Ferritin A from Escherichia coli (EcFtnA) is 24-meric protein, which forms spherical cagelike structures called nanocages. The nanocage structure is stabilized by the interface around 4-, 3-, and 2-fold symmetric axes. The subunit structure of EcFtnA comprises a four-helix bundle (helices A-D) and an additional helix E, which forms a 4-fold axis. In this study, we examined the contribution of the interface around three symmetric axes. pH-induced dissociation experiments monitored by analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that the dimer related by 2-fold symmetry is the most stable unit. Mutations located near the 3-fold axis revealed that the contribution of each interaction was small. A mutant lacking helix E at the 4-fold axis formed a nanocage, suggesting that helix E is not essential for nanocage formation. Further truncation of the C-terminus of helix D abrogated the formation of the nanocage, suggesting that a few residues located at the C-terminus of helix D are critical for this process. These properties are similar to those known for mammalian ferritins and seem to be common principles for nanocage formation. The difference between EcFtnA and mammalian ferritins was that helix E-truncated EcFtnA maintained an iron-incorporating ability, whereas mammalian mutants lost it.
Securing Vehicular Networks (2006)

This poster will describe the security problems of the emerging vehicular networks. It will also outline the solution architecture and several of its components.
Immature megakaryocytes in the mouse: physical characteristics, cell cycle status, and in vitro responsiveness to thrombopoietic stimulatory factor (1982)

The heterogeneity among immature megakaryocytes has been examined by physical properties, cell cycle status, and responsiveness to thrombopoietic stimulatory factor. Three types of immature megakaryocytes exist that can be recognized by acetylcholinesterase staining, nuclear shape, high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and small size (8--18 mu) with respect to mature megakaryocytes (greater than 18 mu). These three acetylcholinesterase-containing cell types are distinguished by their nuclear configuration: a round, indented, and lobed nucleus. The lobed cell type was found to overlap with and enhance detection of megakaryoblasts (stage I megakaryocytes). These cells had a sedimentation velocity range of 3.5--19.0 mm hr-1 and a density range of 1.072--1.095 g cm-3. Separation of these three classes of immature megakaryocytes was achieved by equilibrium density centrifugation with modal buoyant densities of 1.079 g cm-3 (round), 1.084 g cm-3 (indented), and 1.089 g cm-3 (lobed). In the presence of thrombopoietic stimulatory factor, the round nucleated cells, but not the indented or lobed nuclei morphology, were observed to develop into large mature megakaryocytes in 60-hr semisolid cell cultures. Development of two cell groups, or colonies of megakaryocytes, was not observed during this in vitro incubation period. In vivo treatment with hydroxyurea indicated that 57.5% +/- 19% of the round nucleus form were actively synthesizing DNA. No reduction in the numbers of indented or lobed nucleus forms were observed following hydroxyurea treatment. The data in this report strongly support the concept that these three types of immature megakaryocytes reflect the early maturation stages occurring in megakaryocyte differentiation.
Genetic Alterations of DNA Methylation Machinery in Human Diseases (2015)

DNA methylation plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression and is involved in a variety of biological processes. The levels and patterns of DNA methylation are regulated by both DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and 'demethylating' proteins, including the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1, TET2 and TET3). The effects of DNA methylation on chromatin and gene expression are largely mediated by methylated DNA 'reader' proteins, including MeCP2. Numerous mutations in DNMTs, TETs and MeCP2 have been identified in cancer and developmental disorders, highlighting the importance of the DNA methylation machinery in human development and physiology. In this review, we describe these mutations and discuss how they may lead to disease phenotypes.
Knowledge and use of contraception. (1991)

>90% of currently married women in 17 of 25 countries where researchers have conducted Demographic and Health Surveys knew at least 1 contraceptive method and in only 1 country did this percentage drop below 70% (Mali 43.2%). About 33% of the countries had a majority of the women know of several methods a good indicator of continued use of family planning. >50% in Colombia and Mexico were familiar with each contraceptive method (9 total) and their respective rates of current use of contraception were indeed high (64.8% and 52.7%). On the other hand many of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa Bolivia and Guatemala had a low percentage of women who knew several methods and correspondingly low current use rates (all but 3 ranged from 1.2-5.5 12.2 and 19 respectively). >50% of the women in 22 of the 25 countries recognized oral contraceptives and female sterilization followed by injection (18/25) IUD (17/25) and condom (15/25). This low rate of recognition of condoms especially in Sub-Saharan Africa suggested that family planning programs and condom promotion campaigns outside of family planning programs did not reach the target audiences. Rates of ever use of contraceptives ranged from 18.8% (Liberia)-86% (Brazil). Current use varied from 1.3% (Mali)-63.6% (Thailand). Overall it was highest in women 25-44 years old and among women with 3-4 children. In countries with low contraceptive prevalence higher education was a strong determinant on contraceptive use and knowledge as was urban residence but less so. The largest differential occurred between women with no education and those with primary school education. As contraceptive prevalence increased 15% total fertility fell by 1 birth.