gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel electrophilic methoxylation (with a little help from fluorine) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel electrophilic methoxylation (with a little help from fluorine)Shlomo Rozen, Eyal Mishani, and Moshe KolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 20, 7643–7645Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00046a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00046a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views979Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel congestion control mechanism on tfrc for streaming applications over wired-wireless networks (2011)

TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) has been widely adopted for advanced streaming applications over wired-wireless networks. TFRC applies an equation-based rate control scheme to provide smooth sending rate and perceptual quality in streaming applications. However, TFRC tends to malfunction in wireless environment if packet lost event was introduced by poor channel quality but network congestion. Therefore, TFRC cannot provide high quality-of-service for streaming applications over wired-wireless networks. In this paper, we proposed a novel one-way delay jitter based TFRC with end-to-end semantic over wired-wireless networks. This scheme not only provide smooth sending rate and TCP-friendly characteristics like standard TFRC, but also considerable increase the throughput by accurately estimating the available bandwidth in wired-wireless networks with bursty nature of background traffic. Simulation results show that our scheme conducts performance improvement without intrusiveness issue and even if background traffic is bursty over wired-wireless networks.
The relationship between lean body weight and muscular strength in college football players (1990)

The purpose of the investigation was to examine the relationship between lean body weight (LBW) and muscular strength in collegiate football players.\n[This is an excerpt from the abstract. For the complete abstract, please see the document.]
Characterisation of QTL-linked and genome-wide restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) markers in farmed Atlantic salmon (2012)

We used RAD-Seq to successfully identify and characterise high-density genetic markers in pedigreed aquaculture Atlantic salmon. These results underline the effectiveness of RAD-Seq as a tool for rapid and efficient generation of QTL-targeted and genome-wide marker data in a large complex genome, and its possible utility in farmed animal selection programs.
Terrain database interoperability issues in training with distributed interactive simulation (1997)

In Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS), each participating node is responsible for maintaining its own model of the synthetic environment. Problems may arise if significant inconsistencies are allowed to exist between these separate world views, resulting in unrealistic simulation results or negative training, and a corresponding degradation of interoperability in a DIS simulation exercise. In the DIS community, this is known as the simulator terrain database (TDB) correlation problem. This is part of the larger synthetic environment correlation problem in DIS, which includes atmosphere, ocean, space, and a wide variety of dynamic effects, behaviors and models. In this article, we investigate the terrain database correlation problem and the resultant effects on interoperability in DIS systems. The fundamental elements of terrain databases designed for real-time distributed simulation are introduced. A generic data pipeline for terrain database generation systems is developed for the purpose of illustrating causes of the correlation problem and issues of terrain database fidelity. Implications of the problem are discussed, and testing methodologies are recommended for its mitigation. Several statistical methods have been developed to analyze consistency between various elements of the synthetic environment across DIS platforms. Correlation metrics have been formulated for terrain elevations and features. Comparisons and consistency of final rendered images have been addressed. Finally, a suite of software tools that has been developed for interoperability investigations and visual comparison of terrain databases is presented.
A Highly Reliable Metadata Service for Large-Scale Distributed File Systems (2019)

Many massive data processing applications nowadays often need long, continuous, and uninterrupted data accesses. Distributed file systems are used as the back-end storage to provide the global namespace management and reliability guarantee. Due to increasing hardware failures and software issues with the growing system scale, metadata service reliability has become a critical issue as it has a direct impact on file and directory operations. Existing metadata management mechanisms can provide fault tolerance capability to some level but are inadequate. They often have limitations in system availability, state consistence, and performance overhead and lack an effective mechanism to offer metadata reliability. This paper introduces a novel highly reliable metadata service to address these issues in large-scale file systems. Different from traditional strategies, this proposed reliable metadata service adopts a new active-standby architecture for fault tolerance and uses a holistic approach to improve file system availability. A new shared storage pool (SSP) is designed for transparent metadata synchronization and replication between active and standby servers. Based on the SSP, a new policy called multiple actives multiple standbys (MAMS) is presented to perform metadata service recovery in case of failures. A new global state recovery strategy and a smart client fault tolerance mechanism are achieved to maintain the continuity of metadata service. We have implemented such highly reliable metadata service in a prototype file system CFS (Clover file system) and conducted extensive tests to evaluate it. Experimental results confirm that it can significantly improve file system reliability with fast failover under different failure scenarios while having negligible influence on performance. Compared with typical reliability designs in Hadoop Avatar, Hadoop HA, and Boom-FS file systems, the mean-time-to-recovery (MTTR) with the highly reliable metadata service was reduced by 80.23, 65.46 and 28.13 percent, respectively.
The antibacterial mechanism of carvacrol and thymol against<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

This study showed the potential use of flow cytometry as a suitable method to investigate the mode of antibacterial action of essential oil components.
An Algorithm for Designing Survivable Networks (1989)

In this paper, we consider the design of telecommunications networks using high-capacity transport facilities that can survive under a single-link failure scenario. The model considers three priority levels for circuits: high, normal, and low. Each high-priority circuit is assigned a primary path and a link-disjoint alternate path. The model ensures that all high-priority circuits can be rerouted in case of a link failure by preempting low-priority circuits if necessary. The problem is formulated as an integer program solved by a heuristic Lagrangean-relaxation technique and a partial branch-and-bound approach.
Plant cytochrome P450s from moss to poplar (2006)

This review represents the first attempt to define the origins of the major P450-containing pathways in plants. Comparative genomics with five complete P450 gene sets from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with 39 sequences, Physcomitrella patens (moss) with 71 sequences, rice with 356 sequences, Arabidopsis with 246 sequences and Populus with 312 sequences is used to estimate how old each gene family is and to identify the most ancient P450s and their pathways. The pathways included are the phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways, the gibberellin pathway, the oxylipin/jasmonate pathway, the basic flavonoid pathway, the brassinosteroid pathway, the abscisic acid pathway and the cutin synthesis pathway. An effort is made to identify at least some examples of P450s that have emerged at many different levels of the evolutionary bush, from the base to the tips.
HAPPE: Human and Application-Driven Frequency Scaling for Processor Power Efficiency (2012)

Conventional dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques use high CPU utilization as a predictor for user dissatisfaction, to which they react by increasing CPU frequency. In this paper, we demonstrate that for many interactive applications, perceived performance is highly dependent upon the particular user and application, and is not linearly related to CPU utilization. This observation reveals an opportunity for reducing power consumption. We propose Human and Application driven frequency scaling for Processor Power Efficiency (HAPPE), an adaptive user-and-application-aware dynamic CPU frequency scaling technique. HAPPE continuously adapts processor frequency and voltage to the learned performance requirement of the current user and application. Adaptation to user requirements is quick and requires minimal effort from the user (typically a handful of key strokes). Once the system has adapted to the user's performance requirements, the user is not required to provide continued feedback but is permitted to provide additional feedback to adjust the control policy to changes in preferences. HAPPE was implemented on a Linux-based laptop and evaluated in 22 hours of controlled user studies. Compared to the default Linux CPU frequency controller, HAPPE reduces the measured system-wide power consumption of CPU-intensive interactive applications by 25 percent on average while maintaining user satisfaction.
A common TCR V-D-J sequence in V beta 13.1 T cells recognizing an immunodominant peptide of myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis. (1999)

T cell responses to the immunodominant peptide (residues 83-99) of myelin basic protein are potentially associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study was undertaken to examine whether a common sequence motif(s) exists within the TCR complementarity-determining region (CDR)-3 of T cells recognizing the MBP83-99 peptide. Twenty MBP83-99-reactive T cell clones derived from patients with MS were analyzed for CDR3 sequences, which revealed several shared motifs. Some V beta 13.1 T cell clones derived from different patients with MS were found to contain an identical CDR3 motif, V beta 13.1-LGRAGLTY. Oligonucleotides complementary to the shared CDR3 motifs were used as specific probes to detect identical target CDR3 sequences in a large panel of T cell lines reactive to MBP83-99 and unprimed PBMC. The results revealed that, in contrast to other CDR3 motifs examined, the LGRAGLTY motif was common to T cells recognizing the MBP83-99 peptide, as evident by its expression in the majority of MBP83-99-reactive T cell lines (36/44) and PBMC specimens (15/48) obtained from randomly selected MS patients. The motif was also detected in lower expression in some PBMC specimens from healthy individuals, suggesting the presence of low precursor frequency of T cells expressing this motif in healthy individuals. This study provides new evidence indicating that the identified LGRAGLTY motif is preferentially expressed in MBP83-99-reactive T cells. The findings have important implications in monitoring and targeting MBP83-99-reactive T cells in MS.
Ribose Utilization with an Excess of Mutarotase Causes Cell Death Due to Accumulation of Methylglyoxal (2004)

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive metabolic intermediate, presumably accumulated during uncontrolled carbohydrate metabolism. The major source of MG is dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which is catalyzed by MG synthase (the mgs product) in bacteria. We observed Escherichia coli cell death when the ribose transport system, consisting of the RbsDACBK proteins, was overproduced on multicopy plasmids. Almost 100% of cell death occurs a few hours after ribose addition (>10 mM), due to an accumulation of extracellular MG as detected by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR). Under lethal conditions, the concentration of MG produced in the medium reached approximately 1 mM after 4 h of ribose addition as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. An excess of the protein RbsD, recently characterized as a mutarotase that catalyzes the conversion between the beta-pyran and beta-furan forms of ribose, was critical in accumulating the lethal level of MG, which was also shown to require ribokinase (RbsK). The intracellular level of ribose 5-phosphate increased with the presence of the protein RbsD, as determined by (31)P-NMR. As expected, a mutation in the methylglyoxal synthase gene (mgs) abolished the production of MG. These results indicate that the enhanced ribose uptake and incorporation lead to an accumulation of MG, perhaps occurring via the pentose-phosphate pathway and via glycolysis with the intermediates fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It was also demonstrated that a small amount of MG is synthesized by monoamine oxidase.
Abstract 3712: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Conjugate Nicotine Vaccine (NicVAX®) in Smokers Who Want to Quit: 12 Month Results (2007)

Background: Cigarette smoking triples the risk of dying from heart disease among middle-aged men and women. A nicotine vaccine (NicVAX®) has been developed to produce nicotine-specific antibodies as a means of reducing entry of nicotine into the brain as an aid to smoking cessation. Objective: To assess 12-month safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of NicVAX in smokers who want to quit. Method: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial with 2 dose levels of NicVAX (200μg & 400μg) and 2 schedules. Generally healthy adults who smoked ≥ 15 cigarettes/day were recruited. Subjects were randomized 2:1, active:placebo, at 9 sites in the US. The primary endpoint was self reported continuous abstinence for weeks 19 – 26 confirmed by expired CO levels of ≤ 8 ppm. Secondary endpoints include point prevalence abstinence at 12 months. Results: 301 subjects (52% female) with a mean age of 48, smoking on average 24 cigarettes/day were enrolled. A pre-defined analysis of antibody levels for subjects receiving NicVAX were reviewed and divided into low and high responder groups, with the top 30 th percentile representing the high responder group. Analysis for the primary endpoint demonstrated that 15/61 (24.6%) of subjects having the highest antibody titers achieved an 8 week period of continuous abstinence between weeks 19 –26, compared to 13/100 (13.0%) for the subjects who received placebo (p=0.04). In contrast, the quit rate for those subjects that did not achieve a high antibody titer was not significantly different from placebo (14/140, 10%). There was a significant relationship between anti-nicotine antibody levels and continuous abstinence from smoking (p=0.0001). NicVAX was well-tolerated and showed no differences in adverse events or in local/systemic reactions between placebo and each active vaccine group. Conclusion: Proof-of-concept has been established by the strong correlation of high antibody titers with smoking abstinence. Interim data (6 months post vaccination) demonstrate that generating antibodies to nicotine may be a useful approach for aiding smoking cessation. This study will be completed in Sept 2007. Immunogenicity, sustained smoking cessation and relapse rates at 12 months after vaccination will be presented.
p53 protein oxidation in cultured cells in response to pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate: a novel method for relating the amount of p53 oxidation in vivo to the regulation of p53-responsive genes (2000)

A novel method was developed to determine the oxidation status of proteins in cultured cells. Methoxy-polyethylene glycol-maleimide MW 2000 (MAL-PEG) was used to covalently tag p53 protein that was oxidized at cysteine residues in cultured cells. Treatment of MCF7 breast cancer cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a metal chelator, resulted in a minimum of 25% oxidation of p53. The oxidized p53 had an average of one cysteine residue oxidized per p53 protein molecule. The effect of PDTC treatment on downstream components of the p53 signal-transduction pathway was tested. PDTC treatment prevented actinomycin D-mediated up-regulation of two p53 effector gene products, murine double minute clone 2 oncoprotein and p21WAF1/CIP1 (where WAF1 corresponds to wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 and CIP1 corresponds to cyclin-dependent kinase-interacting protein 1). Actinomycin D treatment led to accumulation of p53 protein in the nucleus. However, when cells were simultaneously treated with PDTC and actinomycin D, p53 accumulated in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The data indicate that an average of one cysteine residue per p53 protein molecule is highly sensitive to oxidation and that p53 can be efficiently oxidized by PDTC in cultured cells. PDTC-mediated oxidation of p53 correlates with altered p53 subcellular localization and reduced activation of p53 downstream effector genes. The novel method for detecting protein oxidation detailed in the present study may be used to determine the oxidation status of specific proteins in cells.
An exploratory and mechanistic study of the defluorination of an (aminofluorophenyl)oxazolidinone: SN1(Ar*) vs. SR+N1(Ar*) mechanism (2008)

The morpholinofluorophenyloxazolidinone 1 (the antibacterial drug linezolid) is found to undergo reductive defluorination upon irradiation in water (Phi 0.33), in some of the products accompanied by the simultaneous oxidative degradation of the morpholine side chain. In the presence of chloride, iodide and pyrrole, the fluorine is substituted by these groups (with pyrrole, in position 2). The defluorination is less efficient in methanol and mainly leads to reduction (Phi 0.053). These data can be accommodated through two different mechanisms, viz. either C-F bond heterolysis to give a phenyl cation [S(N)1(Ar*)], or ionization to give a radical cation [S(R(+)N)1(Ar*)]. Steady-state and time resolved data have been gathered for clarifying this issue. It is found that, indeed, ionization of 1 is efficient and proceeds from the singlet, but leads to no irreversible change. On the contrary, triplet (3)1 (lifetime 0.5 micros in MeOH, <0.1 micros in water) fragments and gives the corresponding triplet phenyl cation. The last intermediate explains well the observed hydrogen abstraction both inter- (from the solvent, when this is reducing) and intramolecularly (from the morpholine group), as well as addition to a charged anion or to a neutral pi nucleophile such as pyrrole. The rationalization is supported by the study of some related molecules. Thus, the only photochemical reaction from the non fluorinated analogue of linezolid (that ionizes just as 1) is an inefficient degradation of the morpholine chain (Phi 0.001), while a simple model such as N-(2-fluorophenyl)morpholine undergoes photosolvolysis in water and is not trapped by pyrrole.
Low-temperature electrical-transport properties of single-crystal bismuth films under pressure (1996)

We report an investigation of the low-temperature electrical transport properties of bismuth films under applied hydrostatic pressure. Films with their trigonal axis perpendicular to the film plane and thicknesses of 30, 50, and 500 nm were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$ substrates. At 500 nm thickness the behavior resembles that of bulk Bi. From the observed Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations we find a pressure-induced decrease in extremal Fermi cross section. For the 30-nm film, we obtain the low-temperature carrier densities for electrons and holes together with the corresponding mobilities from magnetoconductance data at pressures up to 20 kbar. We find that pressure strongly reduces the surface-induced excess hole concentration, clearly revealing a finite electron concentration at high pressures. We discuss our results within the context of a possible semimetal-semiconductor transition in thin Bi films. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Electrocatalytic Reduction Using Raney Nickel (1983)

Abstract The Raney nickel catalyst was employed as a catalytic electrode in the electrohydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds, including ketones, aromatic aldehydes, Schiff’s bases, oximes, nitriles, aromatic nitro compounds, olefins, and acetylenes. The hydrogen generated electrochemically was adsorbed and activated at the surface of the catalyst; it effectively hydrogenated these compounds, affording products which are very similar to those obtained in a normal catalytic hydrogenation with Raney nickel.
Proximity-Based Service beyond 4G Network: Peer-Aware Discovery and Communication Using E-UTRAN and WLAN (2013)

The arising proximity-based applications and services represent a recent and enormous socio-technological trend that has been generating innovative business models for the mobile networks. This paper proposes a WLAN-based beyond 4G (B4G) network architecture for proximity-based service (ProSe) where WLAN serves as the direct communication radio access technology between user equipment. The peer-aware discovery and communication are supported by an integrated long-term evolution (LTE) evolved packet system (EPS) and WLAN. Regarding the realization of ProSe in B4G network, the main advantages of the proposed solutions are twofold: 1) faster time-to-market and 2) utilizing unlicensed spectrums for proximity-based services in B4G network.
Experiments in Isolated Digit Recognition Using the Multi-Layer Perceptron, (1987)

The multi-layer perceptron is investigated as a new approach to the automatic recognition of spoken isolated digits. The choice of the parameters for the multi-layer perceptron is discussed and experimental results are reported. A comparison is made with established techniques such as dynamic time-warping and hidden Markov modelling applied to the same data. The results, for this particular task, show that the recognition accuracy obtained using the multi-layer perceptron is comparable with that from using hidden Markov modelling.
Parallel Algorithms for Solving Partial Differential Equations (1994)

This paper describes the use of a parallel computer system in applying a finite difference method to solve various types of partial differential equations.A sequential implementation of this method was made parallel by essentially spatially decomposing the problem domain into pieces that could be separately analyzed and assigning each piece to a processor in a large, multi-processor system.Although this approach is attractive in theory, it suffers in practice because of inter-processor interactions.Thus, particular emphasis was placed on developing efficient methods for the sharing of information among the processors.Initially, a simple two-dimensional board game, life, was implemented and used to develop inter-processor communication techniques.These techniques were then applied to parallel solutions of the one-dimensional wave equation and of the two-dimensional Laplace's equation.Different initial conditions were used to illustrate the feasibility of this approach.