gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in low-power RAM circuit technologies (2002)

Trends in low-power RAM circuit technologies are reviewed. The following provide major contribution to power reduction: lowering operating voltage by lowering the external supply voltage, half-V/sub DD/ data-line precharging and on-chip voltage down converting; reducing charging capacitance through partial activation of multi-divided array, and CMOS NAND decoder; reducing DC current through partial activation of multi-divided word line and pulsed operations of periphery using address transition detection. These contributions have made possible a DRAM active power reduction of as much as 2 to 3 orders of magnitude over the last decade. Moreover, MOS transistor subthreshold current reduction circuits such as source-gate backbiasing scheme, which are essential in an ultra-low voltage era, might reduce an active current of a 1-V 16Gb DRAM from 1.2 A down to 22 mA.
Rheological investigations of the effect of addition of free polymer to concentrated sterically stabilised polystyrene latex dispersions (1983)

The effect of addition of free non-absorbing polymer [poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) with MW= 20 000, 35 000 and 90 000] on the stability of concentrated (40% w/w) sterically stabilised polystyrene latex dispersions has been investigated using rheological measurements. Steady-shear, creep-compliance and elastic-modulus measurements were carried out to obtain the following rheological parameters: plastic viscosity ηPL, extrapolated yield value τβ, residual viscosity η0 and shear modulus G0. With the exception of ηPL all the other parameters showed and increase above a certain critical PEO concentration, which decreased with increase of MW of the added polymer. This critical concentration was lower than the flocculation concentration obtained using a dilute dispersion. However, at higher PEO concentrations there was some indication of a reduction in η0 values, indicating reduction in the extent of flocculation. Experiments whereby the PEO concentration was reduced by adding more latex indicated some irreversibility of the flocculation process. Three theories were used to calculate the depth of the minimum in the interaction-free-energy–particle-separation curves in the presence of the free polymer. The value for the free-energy minimum has been used to calculate the yield value and comparison was made with the experimental results.
The regulatory protein PhoP controls susceptibility to the host inflammatory response in Shigella flexneri (2000)

The PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system controls transcription of several key virulence genes essential for Salmonella survival in the host cell phagosome. Here, we determine that the PhoP/PhoQ system also regulates virulence in the aetiological agent of bacillary dysentery, Shigella flexneri, even though this pathogen escapes from the phagosome into the cytoplasm of the host cell. A phoP mutant of Shigella established infections and induced an acute inflammatory response in two different animal models. However, infections with phoP mutant bacteria were resolved more rapidly than infections with wild-type Shigella. Moreover, the Shigella phoP mutant was more sensitive than the wild-type strain to killing by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), cationic polypeptides extracted from PMNs and other animal-derived antimicrobial peptides. The phoP mutant, however, invaded epithelial cells, spread intercellularly, induced apoptosis in macrophages and tolerated extreme acid pH as efficiently as the wild-type strain. PhoP appears to regulate Shigella susceptibility to PMNs and antimicrobial molecules that are important for the late stages of infection with this enteric bacterium.
Communication among Oral Bacteria (2002)

Human oral bacteria interact with their environment by attaching to surfaces and establishing mixed-species communities. As each bacterial cell attaches, it forms a new surface to which other cells can adhere. Adherence and community development are spatiotemporal; such order requires communication. The discovery of soluble signals, such as autoinducer-2, that may be exchanged within multispecies communities to convey information between organisms has emerged as a new research direction. Direct-contact signals, such as adhesins and receptors, that elicit changes in gene expression after cell-cell contact and biofilm growth are also an active research area. Considering that the majority of oral bacteria are organized in dense three-dimensional biofilms on teeth, confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled probes provide valuable approaches for investigating the architecture of these organized communities in situ. Oral biofilms are readily accessible to microbiologists and are excellent model systems for studies of microbial communication. One attractive model system is a saliva-coated flowcell with oral bacterial biofilms growing on saliva as the sole nutrient source; an intergeneric mutualism is discussed. Several oral bacterial species are amenable to genetic manipulation for molecular characterization of communication both among bacteria and between bacteria and the host. A successful search for genes critical for mixed-species community organization will be accomplished only when it is conducted with mixed-species communities.
A Composite Heterogeneous Model of Brand Choice and Purchase Timing Behavior (1977)

A stochastic model of purchase behavior is developed to aid marketing managers analyze and predict consumer purchase behavior. The model is based upon a composite structure, that is, it integrates several submodel components (e.g., brand choice and purchase incidence behavior) within its structure. Although the overall model is founded upon individual consumer behavior assumptions, it provides measures of market behavior by aggregating individual behavior parameters over a heterogeneous population of consumers. Thus, the model is developed from assumptions of relevant probability laws that relate to individual consumer's probability of brand choice and the time between product class purchases; as well as the distributions of brand choice probability and the average product class purchase rate of individuals over the population of consumers. The model provides aggregate market behavior measures including brand market share, expected brand sales and the distribution of brand purchase probability over the consumer population through time. Other measures of market behavior of potential use to marketing managers, such as the cumulative penetration, trial and repeat purchase ratio for a given brand, are also derived from the brand's aggregate theoretical purchase distribution.
Re-creating the creature: Visions of Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' (2015)

A classic work of literature, 'Frankenstein' has mutated into countless texts across all forms of media, each with its own unique take on the tale, as well as spawning one of the most iconic horror characters of all time. Sarah Ward surveys some of the most prominent screen incarnations, and considers what each says about the era in which it came alive.
Mastering seeds for genomic size nucleotide BLAST searches (2003)

One of the most common activities in bioinformatics is the search for similar sequences. These searches are usually carried out with the help of programs from the NCBI BLAST family. As the majority of searches are routinely performed with default parameters, a question that should be addressed is how reliable the results obtained using the default parameter values are, i.e. what fraction of potential matches have been retrieved by these searches. Our primary focus is on the initial hit parameter, also known as the seed or word, used by the NCBI BLASTn, MegaBLAST and other similar programs in searches for similar nucleotide sequences. We show that the use of default values for the initial hit parameter can have a big negative impact on the proportion of potentially similar sequences that are retrieved. We also show how the hit probability of different seeds varies with the minimum length and similarity of sequences desired to be retrieved and describe methods that help in determining appropriate seeds. The experimental results described in this paper illustrate situations in which these methods are most applicable and also show the relationship between the various BLAST parameters.
Thymus dysfunction and chronic inflammatory disease in gp39 transgenic mice (1997)

Expression of gp39 on activated T cells provides a co-stimulatory signal in peripheral lymphoid tissue that regulates humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The function of gp39 and its receptor CD40 in thymus remains uncertain. Here we report that overexpression of gp39 in transgenic mouse thymus caused a dose-dependent decline in thymocyte numbers (> 500 fold), loss of cortical epithelium and expansion of CD40+ medullary cells. Transplantation of transgenic bone marrow into normal mice indicated that gp39 significantly diminished thymocyte viability in the context of a 'normal' thymic environment. The peripheral tissues of transgenic mice also accumulated abnormalities in a transgene dose-dependent manner that involved inflammation and lymphoid tissue hypertrophy. Animals with the highest transgene copy numbers acquired a lethal inflammatory bowel disease marked by the infiltration of gp39+ T cells and CD40+ cells into diseased tissues. Examination of cells overexpressing gp39 suggested that these defects were caused, in part, by the saturation of a mechanism that sequesters gp39 inside non-activated cells and thus protects the immune system from inappropriate gp39-CD40 interaction. These results establish a regulatory role for gp39 in thymus function and a causal relationship in mediating chronic inflammatory disease.
Privacy-Preserving Multivariate Statistical Analysis: Linear Regression and Classification (2004)

Multivariate statistical analysis is an important data analysis technique that has found applications in various areas. In this paper, we study some multivariate statistical analysis methods in Secure 2-party Computation (S2C) framework illustrated by the following scenario: two parties, each having a secret data set, want to conduct the statistical analysis on their joint data, but neither party is willing to disclose its private data to the other party or any third party. The current statistical analysis techniques cannot be used directly to support this kind of computation because they require all parties to send the necessary data to a central place. In this paper, We define two Secure 2-party multivariate statistical analysis problems: Secure 2-party Multivariate Linear Regression problem and Secure 2-party Multivariate Classification problem. We have developed a practical security model, based on which we have developed a number of building blocks for solving these two problems.
Polarization characteristics of Spectralon illuminated by coherent light (1999)

The Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer makes use of an onboard calibration system that includes two Spectralon panels that are used to reflect sunlight into the cameras. During preflight testing, these panels were quantified in terms of their bidirectional reflectance distribution function, which was measured as a function of the source-incident and detector view angles and at laser wavelengths of 442.0, 632.8, and 859.9 nm. Principal plane measurements are presented in which polarizations of the source and detector are analyzed. These data are unique and valuable in modeling Spectralon reflectance properties and for experiments in which polarization sensitivities are important.
Autoimmune Reactivity in Meniere'S Disease: A Preliminary Report (1983)

Autoimmune inner ear disease was first described by McCabe in 1979. The diagnosis is supported by cell mediated immune responses to inner ear membrane antigen stimulation. Meniere's disease consists of episodic vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and often aural pressure. Although most clinicians feel that Meniere's disease has no known cause, recently several researchers have suggested that some cases of Meniere's disease may be autoimmune in origin. In the present study, 10 patients with bilateral Meniere's disease were studied prospectively for autoimmune inner ear disease using both cellular and humoral immune tests. Results were compared with normal control subjects. One additional patient with Meniere's disease was identified retrospectively to have positive autoimmune test results. Preliminary conclusions suggest that at least some cases of presumed idiopathic Meniere's disease are autoimmune in origin. Therapeutic implications are significant: the addition of steroids, cytotoxic drugs and/or apheresis to conventional treatment may help prevent total deafness which otherwise might be inevitable.
Tracking-dependent and interactive video projection (2009)

Gestures’ expressivity, as perceived by humans, may be related to the amount of attention they attract. In this paper, we present three experiments that quantify behavior saliency by the rarity of selected motion and gestural features in a given context. The first two ones deal with the current quantity of motion of a person’s silhouette compared to a brief history of his quantity of motion values and with the current speed compared to a brief history of the person’s speed. The third one focuses on the motion speed of a person compared to the motion speed of other persons around him. Considering both features (speed and quantity of motion) and contexts (space and time), we compute an attention index providing cues on the behavior novelty. This can be considered as a preliminary step to an expressive gesture analysis based on behavioral. In order to achieve accurate tracking, a fusion between color and IR camera streams is achieved. This fusion let us have a robust tracking system with respect to illumination and partial occlusions issues.
Compartmentalization of mammalian proteins produced in Escherichia coli. (1990)

We have examined the patterns of compartmentalization of several mammalian proteins in Escherichia coli which do not have signal peptides or functional signal peptide equivalents. These proteins include (i) human proapolipoprotein A-I (proapoA-I), a 249-residue protein which contains a hexapeptide NH2-terminal prosegment plus a mature domain of 243 residues comprised of tandemly arrayed, docosapeptide repeats with predicted amphipathic alpha-helical structure; (ii) the mature apoA-I molecule without its prosegment; (iii) mouse interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), a 17-kDa protein which is composed of 12 beta strands that form a tetrahedral structure; and (iv) the 31-kDa precursor of IL-1 beta, proIL-1 beta. Efficient expression of these proteins in E. coli was achieved using a plasmid that contains the nalidixic acid-inducible recA promoter and ribosome binding site from the gene 10 leader of bacteriophage T7. In induced cultures the mammalian proteins represented up to 20% of the total bacterial protein mass. Surprisingly, cell fractionation using cold (osmotic) shock indicated that proapoA-I, apoA-I, and IL-1 beta, but not its 31-kDa precursor, were segregated into the periplasmic space with high efficiency: the ratio of periplasmic space/spheroplast distribution ranged from 0.6 to 1.1 in cells harvested 60-180 min after nalidixic acid induction. Not only was this compartmentalization efficient but it was also selective: analysis of the osmotic shock fractions revealed that the periplasmic space preparations were not contaminated with cytoplasmic proteins (e.g. phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase). Sequential Edman degradation showed that these proteins had not undergone any NH2-terminal proteolytic processing. The mammalian proteins did not affect the export of a prototypic bacterial preprotein, beta-lactamase. Together the data suggest that osmotic shock fractionation of E. coli may facilitate the purification of functional foreign proteins produced in this prokaryote. They also raise the possibility that structural elements in these proteins other than conventional signal peptides may effect periplasmic targeting in E. coli.
Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,6-dione and bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,7-diene-2,6-dione (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,6-dione and bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,7-diene-2,6-dioneAlfred A. Hagedorn III and Donald G. FarnumCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 23, 3765–3767Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00443a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00443a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of a Discrete Network Synchronization Algorithm (2006)

Mobile communication systems benefit from synchronous networks. This is especially important if the system also offers positioning services that are often asked nowadays. In this work we analyze a discrete terrestrial network synchronization algorithm. It is analytically shown that the algorithm provides synchronism in its different modes. In the mutual synchronization mode the time varies around the theoretical mean value with an increasing variance, i.e., the system's time intervals vary with time. In the master based mode variations are limited if the master clock has a high quality. However, if the times are compared to a time of a selected reference node, the covariance remains limited which affirms usability of the algorithm. In the simulations the convergence speed of the algorithm is studied for various system parameter values. In addition, also the effects of non-idealities are studied showing, e.g., that the algorithm tends to limit the effects of clock frequency error and drift
A role for macroautophagy in protection against 4-hydroxytamoxifen–induced cell death and the development of antiestrogen resistance (2008)

This study identifies macroautophagy as a key mechanism of cell survival in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells undergoing treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). This selective ER modifier is an active metabolite of tamoxifen commonly used for the treatment of breast cancer. Our study provides the following key findings: (a) only 20% to 25% of breast cancer cells treated with 4-OHT in vitro die via caspase-dependent cell death; more typically, the antiestrogen-treated ER+ breast cancer cells express increased levels of macroautophagy and are viable; (b) 4-OHT-induced cell death, but not 4-OHT-induced macroautophagy, can be blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, providing strong evidence that these two outcomes of antiestrogen treatment are not linked in an obligatory manner; (c) 4-OHT-resistant cells selected from ER+ breast cancer cells show an increased ability to undergo antiestrogen-induced macroautophagy without induction of caspase-dependent cell death; and (d) 4-OHT, when used in combination with inhibitors of autophagosome function, induces robust, caspase-dependent apoptosis of ER+, 4-OHT-resistant breast cancer cells. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first evidence that macroautophagy plays a critical role in the development of antiestrogen resistance. We propose that targeting autophagosome function will improve the efficacy of hormonal treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
Coloring with Words: Guiding Image Colorization Through Text-based Palette Generation (2018)

This paper proposes a novel approach to generate multiple color palettes that reflect the semantics of input text and then colorize a given grayscale image according to the generated color palette. In contrast to existing approaches, our model can understand rich text, whether it is a single word, a phrase, or a sentence, and generate multiple possible palettes from it. For this task, we introduce our manually curated dataset called Palette-and-Text (PAT). Our proposed model called Text2Colors consists of two conditional generative adversarial networks: the text-to-palette generation networks and the palette-based colorization networks. The former captures the semantics of the text input and produce relevant color palettes. The latter colorizes a grayscale image using the generated color palette. Our evaluation results show that people preferred our generated palettes over ground truth palettes and that our model can effectively reflect the given palette when colorizing an image.
Reduced moisture-induced degradation of YBaCuO superconducting films by silver and high deposition temperatures (1988)

Moisture-induced degradation of the YBaCuO superconducting films is studied using layer structures deposited at low temperatures with and without a silver covering layer, and using films deposited at high temperatures with a silver barrier layer. For the former, Ag/Cu/BaO/Y2O3/YSZ and Cu/BaO/Y2O3/YSZ are compared, where YSZ stands for yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate. Superconducting films with zero resistance between 80 and 87 K are obtained, depending on the annealing temperatures. Upon removing the samples from liquid nitrogen and warming in flowing nitrogen, a large rise in film resistivity is observed for the structures without silver, resulting in reduced temperatures for zero resistance and reduced critical current density at 77 K. Much less degradation is observed, however, with the samples containing a silver layer. For the samples deposited at high temperatures, no degradation is observed from similar moisture exposures.
The R1 Subunit of Herpes Simplex Virus Ribonucleotide Reductase Is a Good Substrate for Host Cell Protein Kinases but Is Not Itself a Protein Kinase (1998)

The N terminus of the R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase is believed to be a protein kinase domain mainly because the R1 protein was phosphorylated in a protein kinase assay on blot. Using Escherichia coli and adenovirus expression vectors to produce R1, we found that, whereas the reductase activity of both recombinant proteins was similar, efficient phosphorylation of R1 and casein in the presence of Mg2+ was obtained only with the R1 purified from eukaryotic cells. Phosphorylation of this R1, in solution or on blot, results mainly from the activity of casein kinase II (CKII), a co-purifying protein kinase. Labeling on blot occurs from CKII leakage off the membrane and its subsequent high affinity binding to in vivo CKII-phosphorylated R1. CKII target sites were mapped to an acidic serine-rich segment of the R1 N terminus. Improvement in purification of the R1 expressed in eukaryotic cells nearly completely abolished its phosphorylation potential. An extremely low level of phosphorylation observed in the presence of Mn2+ with the R1 produced in E. coli was probably due to an unidentified prokaryotic protein kinase. These results provide evidence that the herpes simplex virus type 2 R1 does not possess an intrinsic protein kinase activity.
COMPUTING “ELO RATINGS” OF MOVE PATTERNS IN THE GAME OF GO1 (2007)

Move patterns are an essential method to incorporate domain knowledge into Go-playing programs. This article presents a new Bayesian technique for supervised learning of such patterns from game records. The technique is based on a generalization of E