gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metazoan Scc4 Homologs Link Sister Chromatid Cohesion to Cell and Axon Migration Guidance (2006)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Scc2 binds Scc4 to form an essential complex that loads cohesin onto chromosomes. The prevalence of Scc2 orthologs in eukaryotes emphasizes a conserved role in regulating sister chromatid cohesion, but homologs of Scc4 have not hitherto been identified outside certain fungi. Some metazoan orthologs of Scc2 were initially identified as developmental gene regulators, such as Drosophila Nipped-B, a regulator of cut and Ultrabithorax, and delangin, a protein mutant in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. We show that delangin and Nipped-B bind previously unstudied human and fly orthologs of Caenorhabditis elegans MAU-2, a non-axis-specific guidance factor for migrating cells and axons. PSI-BLAST shows that Scc4 is evolutionarily related to metazoan MAU-2 sequences, with the greatest homology evident in a short N-terminal domain, and protein-protein interaction studies map the site of interaction between delangin and human MAU-2 to the N-terminal regions of both proteins. Short interfering RNA knockdown of human MAU-2 in HeLa cells resulted in precocious sister chromatid separation and in impaired loading of cohesin onto chromatin, indicating that it is functionally related to Scc4, and RNAi analyses show that MAU-2 regulates chromosome segregation in C. elegans embryos. Using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides to knock down Xenopus tropicalis delangin or MAU-2 in early embryos produced similar patterns of retarded growth and developmental defects. Our data show that sister chromatid cohesion in metazoans involves the formation of a complex similar to the Scc2-Scc4 interaction in the budding yeast. The very high degree of sequence conservation between Scc4 homologs in complex metazoans is consistent with increased selection pressure to conserve additional essential functions, such as regulation of cell and axon migration during development.
Pneumatically controlled bipolar cutting instrument. (1993)

A multifunctional instrument for transanal endoscopic microsurgery is presented. This instrument combines the functions of cutting, coagulation, suction and/or rinsing. The automatically effected pneumatic control of the functional elements of such an instrument can improve its serviceability not only with regard to safety but also to its ergonomic features. This example also serves to point out the advantages such an instrument can offer for the logical linkage between various functions and for the devices needed for this purpose. The aim in developing such instruments is to provide the surgeon with instruments enabling him to control even technically demanding operations.
Some Characteristics of Machupo Virus, Causative Agent of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (1967)

SummaryCertain properties of Machupo virus are reported. These include presence of RNA, pH stability in the range of 6.0 to 9.0, rapid thermal inactivation at temperatures of 25°C and higher, and more effective stabilization of infectivity titers after prolonged storage (1 year) at -70°C in media containing protein supplements.Parenteral inoculation of infant hamsters and mice with Machupo virus resulted in observable illness and death, or both, the LD50 and ID50 being roughly comparable. Inapparent infection in adult animals was detected by the presence of CF and N antibody. A variety of domestic and wild animals proved to be either resistant to the virus or susceptible only in a clinically inapparent manner. The Central American marmoset, Saguinus geoffroyi, was found to be a clinically susceptible animal. Illness and death occurred after administration of virus subcutaneously or by scarification.
LIDAR-Based Lane Marking Detection For Vehicle Positioning in an HD Map (2018)

Accurate self-vehicle localization is an important task for autonomous driving and ADAS. Current GNSS-based solutions do not provide better than 2-3 m in open-sky environments [1]. Moreover, map-based localization using HD maps became an interesting source of information for intelligent vehicles. In this paper, a Map-based localization using a multi-layer LIDAR is proposed. Our method mainly relies on road lane markings and an HD map to achieve lane-level accuracy. At first, road points are segmented by analysing the geometric structure of each returned layer points. Secondly, thanks to LIDAR reflectivity data, road marking points are projected onto a 2D image and then detected using Hough Transform. Detected lane markings are then matched to our HD map using Particle Filter (PF) framework. Experiments are conducted on a Highway-like test track using GPS/INS with RTK correction as ground truth. Our method is capable of providing a lane-level localization with a 22 cm cross-track accuracy.
The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases (2004)

Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and it has been calculated that 80% of the susceptibility to develop Graves' disease is attributable to genes. The concordance rate for AITD among monozygotic twins is, however, well below 1 and environmental factors thus must play an important role. We have attempted to carry out a comprehensive review of all the environmental and hormonal risk factors thought to bring about AITD in genetically predisposed individuals. Low birth weight, iodine excess and deficiency, selenium deficiency, parity, oral contraceptive use, reproductive span, fetal microchimerism, stress, seasonal variation, allergy, smoking, radiation damage to the thyroid gland, viral and bacterial infections all play a role in the development of autoimmune thyroid disorders. The use of certain drugs (lithium, interferon-alpha, Campath-1H) also increases the risk of the development of autoimmunity against the thyroid gland. Further research is warranted into the importance of fetal microchimerism and of viral infections capable of mounting an endogenous interferon-alpha response.
Model Decomposition and Constraints to Parametrically Partition Design Space in a Collaborative CAx Environment (2011)

An industry survey was conducted to collect information on current collaboration methods and project management and communication structures. The results, along with other design collaboration philosophies, were used to develop a method of coordinating users in a multi-user design space. These thesis methods will regulate collaboration and avoid user collisions in the same model space, either by cooperative interaction or by spatial decomposition with regional blocking. The method partitions the design space by integrating a graphical user interface tool into the engineering application used to define and assign the necessary tasks of the project. A simple implementation of this method proved that it is usable by multiple users, is faster to setup than simple written instructions, and helps to coordinate users to work together efficiently. To enable some of the key capabilities of the method, modern Computer-Aided application (CAx) architecture would need to be revised with multiple users in mind. One constraint example would be to partition the design space geometrically with visible boundaries between user-assigned areas. Current CAx architectures have some selection filtering capability that can be based on mathematical constraint boundaries, but are not designed to globally filter selection and are not very useful in their limited form. A simple solution to working around this limitation has not been found.
Adaptive Task Assignment for Crowdsourced Classification (2013)

Crowdsourcing markets have gained popularity as a tool for inexpensively collecting data from diverse populations of workers. Classification tasks, in which workers provide labels (such as “offensive ” or “not offensive”) for instances (such as “websites”), are among the most common tasks posted, but due to human error and the prevalence of spam, the labels collected are often noisy. This problem is typically addressed by collecting labels for eachinstancefrommultipleworkersandcombining them in a clever way, but the question ofhowtochoosewhichtaskstoassigntoeach worker is often overlooked. We investigate the problem of task assignment and label inference for heterogeneous classification tasks. By applying online primal-dual techniques, we derive a provably near-optimal adaptive assignment algorithm. We show that adaptively assigning workers to tasks can lead to more accurate predictions at a lower cost when the available workers are diverse. 1.
The Effect of Production Planning and Budgeting on Organizational Productivity (2010)

Improved productivity and proper organizational structure are desired by most manufacturing outfits within the highly turbulent business environment of Nigeria. With various contributing factors, scientific basis for decision making that will lead to enhanced policies for organizational operations is stronlgy established. Five statistical hypotheses which are influence of education, government policies, planning and organizational output, and production planning/budgeting and technological advancement, propounded in this work were investigated to establish a valid decision basis on a confidence level assumed to be 0.05. The work finally examined the impact of the hypotheses on productivity.
Extraction and processing for the treatment and minimization of wastes: 1994 (1993)

This volume contains 78 papers presented at the International Symposium on Extraction and Processing for the Treatment and Minimization of Wastes. The symposium was held in conjunction with the 1994 Annual Meeting of The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society in San Francisco, California, February 27--March 3, 1994. The symposium was organized by the Extraction and Processing Division (EPD) of TMS with the co-sponsorship of the 16 groups shown on the Title Page. Over a third of the papers have been contributed by authors from outside the United States. The papers are arranged under these topics: treatment of heavy metal waste; liquid effluent treatment; treatment of contaminated soils; treatment of steel industry waste; treatment of aluminum industry waste; mining waste; pyro-process waste; radioactive waste; thermal processing systems; and waste characterization. Each of the 78 papers has been prepared individually for inclusion to the appropriate data bases.
The fermentation of sucrose by <i>Aerobacter aerogenes</i> (1947)

The production of 2:3-butylene glycol as a bacterial metabolic product from carbohydrate was first observed by Harden & Walpole (1906) and Walpole (1911), but received comparatively little further attention until the second world war when the formation of this product as an intermediate for butadiene, synthetic rubber and other purposes was investigated in considerable detail. Recent work in
Antibody-based Proteomics for Human Tissue Profiling (2005)

Here, we describe the use of antibody-based proteomics involving the generation of protein-specific antibodies to functionally explore the human proteome. The antibodies can be used for analysis of corresponding proteins in a wide range of assay platforms, including i) immunohistochemistry for detailed tissue profiling, ii) specific affinity reagents for various functional protein assays, and iii) capture ("pull-down") reagents for purification of specific proteins and their associated complexes for structural and biochemical analyses. In this review, the use of antibodies for such analysis will be discussed with focus on the possibility to create a descriptive and comprehensive protein atlas for tissue distribution and subcellular localization of human proteins in both normal and disease tissues.
Data Offloading Techniques in Cellular Networks: A Survey (2014)

One of the most engaging challenges for mobile operators today is how to manage the exponential data traffic increase. Mobile data offloading stands out as a promising and low-cost solution to reduce the burden on the cellular network. To make this possible, we need a new hybrid network paradigm that leverages the existence of multiple alternative communication channels. This entails significant modifications in the way data are handled, affecting also the behavior of network protocols. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of data offloading techniques in cellular networks and extract the main requirements needed to integrate data offloading capabilities into today's mobile networks. We classify existing strategies into two main categories, according to their requirements in terms of content delivery guarantees: delayed and nondelayed offloading. We overview the technical aspects and discuss the state of the art in each category. Finally, we describe in detail the novel functionalities needed to implement mobile data offloading in the access network, as well as current and future research challenges in the field, with an eye toward the design of hybrid architectures.
Synaptic Plasticity Enables Adaptive Self-Tuning Critical Networks (2015)

During rest, the mammalian cortex displays spontaneous neural activity. Spiking of single neurons during rest has been described as irregular and asynchronous. In contrast, recent in vivo and in vitro population measures of spontaneous activity, using the LFP, EEG, MEG or fMRI suggest that the default state of the cortex is critical, manifested by spontaneous, scale-invariant, cascades of activity known as neuronal avalanches. Criticality keeps a network poised for optimal information processing, but this view seems to be difficult to reconcile with apparently irregular single neuron spiking. Here, we simulate a 10,000 neuron, deterministic, plastic network of spiking neurons. We show that a combination of short- and long-term synaptic plasticity enables these networks to exhibit criticality in the face of intrinsic, i.e. self-sustained, asynchronous spiking. Brief external perturbations lead to adaptive, long-term modification of intrinsic network connectivity through long-term excitatory plasticity, whereas long-term inhibitory plasticity enables rapid self-tuning of the network back to a critical state. The critical state is characterized by a branching parameter oscillating around unity, a critical exponent close to -3/2 and a long tail distribution of a self-similarity parameter between 0.5 and 1.
RETNA: from requirements to testing in a natural way (2004)

Most problems in building and refining a system can be traced back to errors in requirements. Poorly organized requirements, most often in natural language are among the major causes of failures of software projects. In this paper, we present a requirements analysis tool called RETNA and the technology behind it. RETNA accepts natural language requirements, classifies them, interacts with the user to refine them, automatically translates natural language requirements to a logical format so that they can be validated and finally generates test cases from the requirements.
Studies on Nucleosides and Nucleotides. VI. A Facile Cleavage of the Anhydro Bond of 2′,3′-<i>O</i>-Isopropylidene-<i>O</i>2,5′-cycloiiridine with the Use of Proton Acid or Lewis Acid (1978)

Abstract When 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-O2,5′-cyclouridine (1) was allowed to react with methanol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid at room temperature, 5′-O-methyl-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine was obtained in good yield. Similarly, with the use of boron trifluoride etherate, 1 reacted smoothly with diphenyl phosphate to give the corresponding 5′-phosphorylated product.
Mustard Oil Glucosides: Feeding Stimulants for Adult Cabbage Flea Beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)1 (1974)

Journal Article Mustard Oil Glucosides: Feeding Stimulants for Adult Cabbage Flea Beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Get access Karen L. Hicks Karen L. Hicks 2 Department of Entomology and Limnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850. 2Present address: Sec. Neurobiol. and Behavior, Cornell Uni., Ithaca, NY 14850. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 67, Issue 2, 15 March 1974, Pages 261–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/67.2.261 Published: 15 March 1974 Article history Received: 18 May 1973 Published: 15 March 1974
Epidemic Listeriosis Associated with Mexican-Style Cheese (1988)

In Los Angeles County, California, 142 cases of human listeriosis were reported from January 1 through August 15, 1985. Ninety-three cases (65.5 percent) occurred in pregnant women or their offspring, and 49 (34.5 percent) in nonpregnant adults. There were 48 deaths: 20 fetuses, 10 neonates, and 18 nonpregnant adults. Of the nonpregnant adults, 98 percent (48 of 49) had a known predisposing condition. Eighty-seven percent (81 of 93) of the maternal/neonatal cases were Hispanic. Of the Listeria monocytogenes isolates available for study, 82 percent (86 of 105) were serotype 4b, of which 63 of 86 (73 percent) were the same phage type. A case-control study implicated Mexican-style soft cheese (odds ratio, 5.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 24.8) as the vehicle of infection; a second case-control study showed an association with one brand (Brand A) of Mexican-style soft cheese (odds ratio, 8.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 26.2). Laboratory study confirmed the presence of L. monocytogenes serogroup 4b of the epidemic phage type in Brand A Mexican-style cheese. In mid-June, all Brand A cheese was recalled and the factory was closed. An investigation of the cheese plant suggested that the cheese was commonly contaminated with unpasteurized milk. We conclude that the epidemic of listeriosis was caused by ingestion of Brand A cheese contaminated by one phage type of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b.
Cdh1-APC Controls Axonal Growth and Patterning in the Mammalian Brain (2004)

The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is highly expressed in postmitotic neurons, but its function in the nervous system was previously unknown. We report that the inhibition of Cdh1-APC in primary neurons specifically enhanced axonal growth. Cdh1 knockdown in cerebellar slice overlay assays and in the developing rat cerebellum in vivo revealed cell-autonomous abnormalities in layer-specific growth of granule neuron axons and parallel fiber patterning. Cdh1 RNA interference in neurons was also found to override the inhibitory influence of myelin on axonal growth. Thus, Cdh1-APC appears to play a role in regulating axonal growth and patterning in the developing brain that may also limit the growth of injured axons in the adult brain.
Electrolyte series (2018)

In Brief Sodium and chloride are primarily responsible for fluid movement across the compartments of the body. Neurologic, hormonal, and renal factors combine to regulate sodium levels and preserve fluid volume homeostasis. This article covers the causes, signs and symptoms, and available treatments for the following sodium and chloride imbalances associated with morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients: hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, and hypochloremia. The latest installment in our Electrolyte Series explores sodium and chloride. Learn the causes, signs and symptoms, and available treatments for the following imbalances: hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperchloremia, and hypochloremia.
A cryptographic approach to prevent a spoof attack for secure information retrieval in a biometrie system (2012)

Biometric technologies' have become the basis for highly secure identification and personnel verification in authentication and identification systems, based on the physical identifiable details or behavioral characteristics which cannot be imposter easily. Hence, the system has been treated to be the tough security measures to identify the user being genuine by avoiding the third party attack. But these systems are unable to judge whether the user who is providing the required authentication details is an impostor or genuine. To eliminate this flaw in biometric based security systems, the model proposed in this paper can be embedded in existing security systems to prevent the spoof attack. The proposed model comprises of two independent models namely Cryptographic based authentication system (model 1) and Text prompted authentication system (model 2). Model 1 has been designed by the most efficient cryptographic algorithm RSA which generates a secret key by using a pseudo-random number given by user for secure system access. In model 2, the user is made interactive with the system by prompting a question from a set of 15 questions, and authenticating the user with the help of correct answer provided by user. To provide higher level of security, MD5 (Message Digest 5) algorithm is integrated with RSA. The developed models provide promising level of security along with a biometric trait.
A Bayesian approach to parameter estimation in HIV dynamical models (2002)

In the context of a mathematical model describing HIV infection, we discuss a Bayesian modelling approach to a non-linear random effects estimation problem. The model and the data exhibit a number of features that make the use of an ordinary non-linear mixed effects model intractable: (i) the data are from two compartments fitted simultaneously against the implicit numerical solution of a system of ordinary differential equations; (ii) data from one compartment are subject to censoring; (iii) random effects for one variable are assumed to be from a beta distribution. We show how the Bayesian framework can be exploited by incorporating prior knowledge on some of the parameters, and by combining the posterior distributions of the parameters to obtain estimates of quantities of interest that follow from the postulated model.
Stripes all around us (2013)

When you look, stripes are everywhere in a huge variety of sizes, colours and patterns. Hilary White shows just how many learning activities you can develop from a simple idea once you start exploring.
NETWORK PROTOCOL FOR MULTI-MEDIA AD HOC DATA COMMUNICATIONS (2005)

This article presents a network protocol that allows the use of low-cost microcontrollers in the role of activecommunications repeaters for efficient multi-media communication. This is achieved using a network protocol with ultra-lowoverhead, which is optimized for distributed control in the agricultural environment. The protocol uses 5 bytes of the networkpacket for data routing and control while processor memory requirements and execution time are sufficiently small to allowthe use of low cost microcontrollers.<br><br>The network protocol implements a type of ad hoc communications similar to cellular phones but with greatercommunication data efficiency. The network message contains the routing data that permits peer-to-peer communicationsbased upon low-complexity algorithms. Performance analysis demonstrates the protocol requires a small percentage of thetotal processor memory resources. This protocol has been successfully implemented on several irrigation systems over thepast three years.
Cellular Lipids of a <i>Nocardia</i> Grown on Propane and <i>n</i> -Butane (1964)

Lipid fractions of propane- and n-butane-grown nocardial cells each contain a chloroform-soluble, ether-insoluble polymer not observed previously in liquid n-alkane-grown cells. The polymer in propane-grown cells is poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The polymer in n-butane-grown cells apparently contains unsaturation in the molecule, and is identified tentatively as a co-polymer of beta-hydroxybutyric and beta-hydroxybutenoic (specifically 3-hydroxy 2-butenoic) acids. The other major component of the lipid fraction consists of triglycerides containing principally palmitic and stearic acids. There seems to be little qualitative distinction in the glycerides of propane- or n-butane-grown cells. Oxidative assimilation of n-butane is described.