gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic algorithm configuration based on local search (2007)

The determination of appropriate values for free algorithm parameters is a challenging and tedious task in the design of effective algorithms for hard problems. Such parameters include categorical choices (e.g., neighborhood structure in local search or variable/value ordering heuristics in tree search), as well as numerical parameters (e.g., noise or restart timing). In practice, tuning of these parameters is largely carried out manually by applying rules of thumb and crude heuristics, while more principled approaches are only rarely used. In this paper, we present a local search approach for algorithm configuration and prove its convergence to the globally optimal parameter configuration. Our approach is very versatile: it can, e.g., be used for minimising run-time in decision problems or for maximising solution quality in optimisation problems. It further applies to arbitrary algorithms, including heuristic tree search and local search algorithms, with no limitation on the number of parameters. Experiments in four algorithm configuration scenarios demonstrate that our automatically determined parameter settings always outperform the algorithm defaults, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. Our approach also shows better performance and greater flexibility than the recent CALIBRA system. Our ParamILS code, along with instructions on how to use it for tuning your own algorithms, is available on-line at
Proton-conducting polymer electrolytes and their applications in solid supercapacitors: a review (2014)

Research on solid supercapacitors over the last few years has aimed to provide high performing and safely operating energy storage solutions for the fast growing application areas of consumer and micro-electronics, providing printable, flexible and wearable devices.
Discrimination of time: comparison of foveal and peripheral sensitivity (1984)

Temporal processing is different in the periphery than in the fovea. Two measures of temporal sensitivity, increment thresholds for onset asynchrony and temporal modulation thresholds (flicker), were studied in the fovea and at 20 deg in the lower visual field. The ability to detect incremental changes in the time between the onsets of two vertical lines was generally more precise in the fovea than at the peripheral locus, at least for asynchronies ranging from 10 to 80 msec. Flicker thresholds were measured from 1 to 40 Hz with a vertical-line target used for the asynchrony thresholds. The peripheral flicker function peaks at a higher temporal frequency (15-20 Hz) than the foveal function (8-10 Hz); this suggests that the peripheral temporal impulse response follows a faster time course than the foveal impulse response. Asynchrony discrimination would potentially provide a simple estimate of the temporal sensitivity underlying velocity discrimination. We find that asynchrony discrimination is not a good predictor of velocity thresholds; it fails at the high velocities at which velocity discrimination is most precise.
Changes of Adiponectin Oligomer Composition by Moderate Weight Reduction (2005)

Adiponectin affects lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, adiponectin circulates in three different oligomers that may also have distinct biological functions. We aimed to analyze the role of these oligomers in obesity and lipid metabolism after weight reduction. A total of 17 obese volunteers (15 women and 2 men) participated in a weight reduction program. Individuals were characterized before and after 6 months of a balanced diet. Adiponectin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and oligomers were detected by nondenaturating Western blot. BMI decreased (35.1 +/- 1.2 to 32.8 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2), P < 0.001), which was associated with an improved metabolite profile. Total adiponectin increased from 5.3 +/- 0.5 to 6.1 +/- 0.6 microg/ml (P = 0.076). High (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) adiponectin oligomers significantly increased during weight reduction (HMW: 0.37 +/- 0.07 to 0.4 +/- 0.08 microg/ml, P = 0.042; MMW: 2.3 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.3 microg/ml, P = 0.007), while low molecular weight (LMW) did not significantly change. Body weight inversely correlated with HMW (r = -0.695, P = 0.002) and positively with LMW (r = 0.579, P = 0.015). Interestingly, HDL cholesterol and HMW were strongly correlated (r = 0.665, P = 0.007). Indeed, HMW and free fatty acids before weight reduction predicted approximately 60% of HDL changes during intervention. In conclusion, weight reduction results in a relative increase of HMW/MMW adiponectin and a reduction of LMW adiponectin. Total adiponectin and especially HMW adiponectin are related to circulating HDL cholesterol.
Microsatellite instability in sporadic gastric cancer: its prognostic role and guidance for 5‐FU based chemotherapy after R0 resection (2011)

This study investigated whether MSI status can be used as a prognostic biomarker and whether it is helpful for predicting which patients will benefit from 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy. Between 2005 and 2008, an MSI status examination was performed in 1,990 gastric cancer patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. MSI was analyzed by PCR amplification with fluorescent dye-labeled primers of mononucleotide markers (BAT25 and BAT26) and dinucleotide markers (D5S346, D2S123 and D17S250) specific to the microsatellite loci. Patients with MSI-H tumors accounted for 8.5% (n = 170) of the total study population. They tended to be older and female and to have distal tumor location, lower tumor stage, intestinal type of Lauren classification and differentiated histological type. The disease-free survival curves showed no significant differences between MSS/MSI-L and MSI-H patients at each stage of I, II, III and IV. In gastric cancer patients with stage II and III, 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy showed better disease-free survival in the MSS/MSI-L group, but showed no benefits in the MSI-H group. By multivariate analysis, patients with MSS/MSI-L tumors benefited from 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of tumor disease-free survival. MSI status in gastric cancer is not itself a prognostic indicator. However, it appears to be a possible guidance for the use of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in stage II and III gastric cancers after R0 resection.
Finding organized structures in 3-D ladar data (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of finding organized thin structures in three-dimensional (3-D) data. Linear and planar structures segmentation received much attention but thin structures organized in complex patterns remain a challenge for segmentation algorithms. We are interested especially in the problems posed by repetitive and symmetric structures acquired with a laser range finder. The method relies on 3-D data projections along specific directions and 2-D histograms comparison. The sensitivity of the classification algorithm to the parameter settings is evaluated and a segmentation method proposed. We illustrate our approach with data from a concertina wire in terrain with vegetation.
Implementation of Pyrolysate Analysis of Materials Employing Tagging Compounds to Locate an Overheated Area in a Generator (1981)

The ion chamber particle detector (such as the Generator Core Monitor) discloses the existence, but not the nature nor the location, of overheating in an electric machine.
Radiologic and nuclear events: contingency planning for hematologists/oncologists (2008)

Untoward events involving radioactive material, either accidental or intentional, are potentially devastating. Hematologists and oncologists are uniquely suited to help manage radiation victims, as myelosuppression is a frequent complication of radiation exposure. In the aftermath of a large event, such as a nuclear detonation, there may be a national call for surge capacity that involves hematologists/oncologists across the country in the disaster response. In preparation, the National Marrow Donor Program and American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation have established the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN), a voluntary consortium of transplant centers, donor centers, and umbilical cord blood banks. RITN is partnered with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response in the United States Department of Health and Human Services to develop treatment guidelines, educate healthcare professionals, coordinate situation response, and provide comprehensive evaluation and care for radiation injury victims. We outline the current plans for event response and describe scenarios, including catastrophic events that would require extensive support from hematologists/oncologists across the country. In addition, we highlight important reference resources and discuss current efforts to develop medical countermeasures against radiation toxicity. Practitioners and institutions across the country are encouraged to become involved and participate in the planning.
Palmitate-induced Apoptosis Can Occur through a Ceramide-independent Pathway (2001)

Cytotoxic accumulation of long chain fatty acids has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and heart disease. To explore the mechanism of cellular lipotoxicity, we cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence of media supplemented with fatty acid. The saturated fatty acid palmitate, but not the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate, induced programmed cell death as determined by annexin V positivity, caspase 3 activity, and DNA laddering. De novo ceramide synthesis increased 2.4-fold with palmitate supplementation; however, this was not required for palmitate-induced apoptosis. Neither biochemical nor genetic inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis arrested apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells in response to palmitate supplementation. Rather, our data suggest that palmitate-induced apoptosis occurs through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Fluorescence of an oxidant-sensitive probe was increased 3.5-fold with palmitate supplementation indicating that production of reactive intermediates increased. In addition, palmitate-induced apoptosis was blocked by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulfonic acid, two compounds that scavenge reactive intermediates. These studies suggest that generation of reactive oxygen species, independent of ceramide synthesis, is important for the lipotoxic response and may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases involving intracellular lipid accumulation.
4D Seismic Wave-equation Depth Migration Velocity Inversion (2012)

Time-lapse analysis of 4D seismic data acquired at different stages of hydrocarbon production or fluid/gas injection has been very successful at capturing detailed reservoir changes (e.g., pressure, saturation, fluid flow). Conventional 4D seismic analysis is performed in the time-migrated image domain and assumes a fixed migration velocity model; however, this assumption is violated when the subsurface velocity is significantly altered by production/injection effects, resulting in large time-shift anomalies and complex 4D scattered wavefield coda. We argue that these situations require a more robust 4D analysis procedure that involves iterative wave-equation prestack depth migration (PSDM) and time-lapse velocity analysis. Herein, we adapt a 3D image-space wave-equation migration velocity analysis (WEMVA) approach that backprojects discrepancies (residuals) in 3D/4D migrated images to form 3D/4D velocity model updates. We discuss the differences between 3D and 4D WEMVA inversion goals, and how we localize 4D WEMVA perturbation estimates to around the reservoir zone to generate high-resolution velocity model updates. We demonstrate the benefits of 4D WEMVA analysis in a synthetic CO2 geosequestration experiment by successfully inverting for a velocity model perturbation corresponding to a thin layer (< 20m) of injected CO2 in a North Sea analogue reservoir.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot One‐Reagent Preparation of 3,6‐Symmetrically Substituted 1,2,4‐ Trioxanes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Site-specific conjugation of antifreeze proteins onto polymer-stabilized nanoparticles (2019)

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have many potential applications, ranging from cryobiology to aerospace, if they can be incorporated into materials. Here, a range of engineered AFP mutants were prepared and site-specifically conjugated onto RAFT polymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles to generate new hybrid multivalent ice growth inhibitors. Only the SNAP-tagged AFPs lead to potent 'antifreeze' active nanomaterials with His-Tag capture resulting in no activity, showing the mode of conjugation is essential. This versatile strategy will enable the development of multivalent AFPs for translational and fundamental studies.
Barbiturates depress vagal motor pathway to ferret trachea at ganglia (1982)

To determine which site in the vagal motor pathway to airway smooth muscle is most sensitive to depression by barbiturates, we recorded isometric muscle tension in vitro and stimulated the vagal motor pathway at four different sites before and after exposure to barbiturates. In isolated tracheal rings from ferrets, we stimulated muscarinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction by exogenous acetylcholine, postganglionic nerve fibers by electrical fluid stimulation, and the postsynaptic membrane in ganglia by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP). We also developed a tracheal nerve-muscle preparation to stimulate preganglionic fibers in the vagus nerve electrically. Activation of ganglia by DMPP or by vagus nerve stimulation was depressed by barbiturates at 10-fold lower concentrations than those depressing the activation of postganglionic nerves or the neuromuscular junction. These findings suggest that the postsynaptic membrane in parasympathetic ganglia is the site in the vagal motor pathway most sensitive to depression by barbiturates.
A New Class of Aromatic Dianhydrides for Thermostable Polyimides (2001)

A method to prepare a new class of dianhydrides is outlined. A representative polyimide, PPI, has been prepared by a two-stage condensation reaction between polyphenylated dianhydride and 3,6-diamino-9-hexylcarbazole. The PPI is readily soluble in common organic solvents, and shows only 10 wt % loss at 555 °C.
Robust computation of path constrained time optimal motions (2002)

An algorithm is presented for the computation of path-constrained time-optimal motions of robotic manipulators exploring the nature of so-called critical points and critical arcs. At critical points the reflected inertia at one of the joints is zero, and the feasible acceleration range at the velocity limit is not unique. Time-optimal motions along critical arcs may be singular in the sense that the acceleration is neither maximum nor minimum. This is in contrast to existing motion optimization methods along specified paths which assume maximum acceleration or deceleration at all times. The consideration of critical arcs makes this algorithm robust near the switching points, which are potential points of failure in the other methods. Critical points can be anticipated along the path by mapping the locus of critical arcs to the position space. Examples are presented to demonstrate the algorithm and the existence of singular critical arcs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neighboring Carbon and Hydrogen. XXIX. ρ-σ Analysis of Acetolysis of Substituted Neophyl Arylsulfonates (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeighboring Carbon and Hydrogen. XXIX. ρ-σ Analysis of Acetolysis of Substituted Neophyl ArylsulfonatesR. Heck and S. WinsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 13, 3432–3438Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01570a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01570a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Study of Large-Dimension Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (2014)

In this thesis, a fundamental framework for reconfigurable cable-driven parallel robots (CDPR) is developed. It consists of three main parts:
1. Propositions of general architectures of large-dimension reconfigurable CDPRs which can be used to replace conventional means of handling large and heavy parts across a wide workspace, e.g., in a factory workshop or in an airplane maintenance workshop.
2. Analysis tools that can aid the design and control of a general (reconfigurable) CDPR. Various issues are addressed including kinematic, dynamic and elastostatic modeling, collision detections and cable modeling.
3. Methods and tools to solve the CDPR reconfiguration problem efficiently. This problem is considered as a general nonlinear optimization problem. The thesis focuses on methods to formulate this optimization problem into standard forms which can be solved by using available (suitable) optimization software in order to obtain optimal CDPR reconfigurations.
REVIEWS (1959)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access J.B. PRITCHARD, Archaeology and the Old Testament. 1958. Pp. xvi+264, inc. 77 figs. ( Princeton University Press and Oxford University Press. Price: $5.00, or 30s. 0d.) H. H. ROWLEY H. H. ROWLEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 4, Issue 3, July 1959, Pages 278–279, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/4.3.278 Published: 01 July 1959
Sample size in qualitative research (1995)

A common misconception about sampling in qualitative research is that numbers are unimportant in ensuring the adequacy of a sampling strategy. Yet, simple sizes may be too small to support claims of having achieved either informational redundancy or theoretical saturation, or too large to permit the deep, case-oriented analysis that is the raison-d'être of qualitative inquiry. Determining adequate sample size in qualitative research is ultimately a matter of judgment and experience in evaluating the quality of the information collected against the uses to which it will be put, the particular research method and purposeful sampling strategy employed, and the research product intended.
Deconstructing the molecular portraits of breast cancer (2010)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of histology, therapeutic response, dissemination patterns to distant sites, and patient outcomes. Global gene expression analyses using high-throughput technologies have helped to explain much of this heterogeneity and provided important new classifications of cancer patients. In the last decade, genomic studies have established five breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, Claudin-low, Basal-like) and a Normal Breast-like group. In this review, we dissect the most recent data on this genomic classification of breast cancer with a special focus on the Claudin-low subtype, which appears enriched for mesenchymal and stem cell features. In addition, we discuss how the combination of standard clinical-pathological markers with the information provided by these genomic entities might help further understand the biological complexity of this disease, increase the efficacy of current and novel therapies, and ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.
The Effect of Additives on the Radiation-Induced Coloration of Photochromic Dithienylethene Derivatives (2002)

Abstract The effect of the addition of metal complexes and aromatic compounds on the radiation-induced coloration of polystyrene films containing 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene was examined to develop a sensitive reusable color plastic dosimeter. By the addition of metal complexes, the radiation sensitivity increased along with an increase in the atomic numbers. When aromatic compounds, such as naphthalene, biphenyl, and acenaphthene, were added to the polymer film, the coloration sensitivity increased, while the addition of anthracene and pyrene decreased the sensitivity. Excitation energy transfer from the sensitizers to the dithienylethene is considered to play an important role in the radiation-induced coloration in polystyrene films containing the additives.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Grapevine Nanostructure Consisting of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Covalently Attached [60]Fullerene Balls (2008)

A grapevine nanostructure based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) covalently functionalized with [60]fullerene (C60) has been synthesized and characterized in detail. Investigations into the ball-on-tube carbon nanostructure by ESR spectroscopy indicate a tendency for ground-state electron transfer from the SWNT to the C60 moieties. The cyclic-voltammetric response of the nanostructure film exhibits reversible multiple-step electrochemical reactions of the dispersed C60, which are strikingly similar to those of the C60 derivatives in solution, but with consistent negative shifts in the redox potential. This results from the covalent linkage of C60 to the surfaces of the SWNTs in the form of monomers and manifests the electronic interaction between the C60 and SWNT moieties.
Temporary tattoos: a novel OSCE assessment tool (2013)

Transfer tattoo technology facilitates a realistic dermatology OSCE station encounter. Temporary tattoos, alongside trained SPs, provide an authentic, standardised and reliable experience, allowing the assessment of integrated dermatology clinical skills.