gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct functions and requirements for the Cys-His boxes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein during RNA encapsidation and replication (1997)

The process of retroviral RNA encapsidation involves interaction between trans-acting viral proteins and cis-acting RNA elements. The encapsidation signal on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA is a multipartite structure composed of functional stem-loop structures. The nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the Gag polyprotein precursor contains two copies of a Cys-His box motif that have been demonstrated to be important in RNA encapsidation. To further characterize the role of the Cys-His boxes of the HIV-1 NC protein in RNA encapsidation, the relative efficiency of RNA encapsidation for virus particles that contained mutations within the Cys-His boxes was measured. Mutations that disrupted the first Cys-His box of the NC protein resulted in virus particles that encapsidated genomic RNA less efficiently and subgenomic RNA more efficiently than did wild-type virus. Mutations within the second Cys-His box did not significantly affect RNA encapsidation. In addition, a full complement of wild-type NC protein in virus particles is not required for efficient RNA encapsidation or virus replication. Finally, both Cys-His boxes of the NC protein play additional roles in virus replication.
Determinacy problem in relaxation method‐analysis of asynchronous parallel processing (1986)

Abstract In image pattern understanding, global and unspecific processing are required. Thus it is important to develop an asynchronous processing algorithm with high efficiency and MIMD type. This paper formulates and analyzes the determinacy problem on the newly introduced transformation model, as a basic theory for the asynchronous parallel processing algorithm for the pattern information processing. The major results are as follows: (i) a transformation model is introduced which can describe and analyze the mathematically parallel processing algorithm, into the content of the processing; (ii) the determinacy problem is formulated, arriving at a convergence theorem representing a sufficient condition; (iii) a discussion is made from the viewpoint of the determinacy problem on the possibility of asynchronous parallel processing of the relaxation method, which is already applied to the image processing. It is concluded that the asynchronous parallel processing is possible in the discrete and fuzzy relaxations, but is impossible in the linear and nonlinear stochastic relaxations.
DRIM : A Low Power Dynamically Reconfigurable Instruction Memory Hierarchy for Embedded Systems (2007)

Power consumption is of crucial importance to embedded systems. In such systems, the instruction memory hierarchy consumes a large portion of the total energy consumption. A well designed instruction memory hierarchy can greatly decrease the energy consumption and increase performance. The performance of the instruction memory hierarchy is largely determined by the specific application. Different applications achieve better energy-performance with different configurations of the instruction memory hierarchy. Moreover, applications often exhibit different phases during execution, each exacting different demands on the processor and in particular the instruction memory hierarchy. For a given hardware resource budget, an even better energy-performance may be achievable if the memory hierarchy can be reconfigured before each of these phases. This paper proposed a new dynamically reconfigurable instruction memory hierarchy to take advantage of these two characteristics so as to achieve significant energy-performance improvement. The proposed instruction memory hierarchy, which is called DRIM, consists of four banks of on-chip instruction buffers. Each of these can be configured to function as a cache or as a scratchpad memory (SPM) according to the needs of an application and its execution phases. The experimental results using six benchmarks from the MediaBench and the MiBench suites show that DRIM can achieve significant energy reduction
Stick–Slip Instability (2004)

Among the class of polymer extrusion instabilities, collectively known asmelt fracture (1), the stick-slip instability is the only one that is associated with pressure and extrudate flow rate oscillations, observedwhile the throughput is controlled. These oscillations result in extrudates that are characterized by alternating rough and relatively smooth regions.
Orange juice <i>vs</i> vitamin C: effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells (2007)

The intake of fruits rich in vitamin C seems to increase the antioxidant defence of the organism. However, it is still not clear whether vitamin C alone is responsible for this effect. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the intake of a single portion of blood orange juice (BOJ, 300 ml, providing 150 mg vitamin C) on mononuclear blood cell (MNBC) DNA damage, compared with a drink supplemented with the same amount of vitamin C (C-drink) or sugars (S-drink). Seven young healthy subjects were randomised in a repeated-measures design in which they received each drink on different occasions, 2 weeks apart. Blood samples were collected at baseline, every hour for 8 h, and at 24 h after the intake of each drink. Vitamin C was analysed at each time point by HPLC, whereas H2O2-induced MNBC DNA damage was evaluated at 0, 3 and 24 h by means of the comet assay. Plasma vitamin C concentration increased similarly following BOJ or C-drink intake and was not affected by the S-drink. DNA damage significantly decreased 3 h after BOJ intake (about 18 %; P < 0.01) and remained constant at 24 h (about 16 %; P < 0.01). No effect of the C-drink and S-drink was observed. In conclusion, the intake of a single portion of BOJ provided an early protection of MNBC against oxidative DNA damage; however, the protective effect of BOJ was not explained by vitamin C alone, thus other phytochemicals could be involved.
Poxviral vectors for cancer immunotherapy (2012)

Preclinical and early clinical studies employing poxviral-vector vaccines have shown promising results with this novel immunologic approach, both alone and combined with other therapies. The challenges of translating the science of immunotherapy to clinical practice include clinical trial design that includes appropriate patient selection, appropriate end points and identification of meaningful surrogate biomarkers.
ATTACK DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE FOR COLLABORATED ALERTS-USINGXML AND UML (2011)

Statistics of Internet usage are increasing enormously. In harmony, the attacks are also escalating. In the recent era, IDS have gained more popularity in connection to network security. IDS deployed in the network will scan the hosts and the network. It will try to sense misuse detection or anomaly detection. Whenever there is any suspicious activity, IDS will immediately raise alarm. It would be apt to capture the complete description of the new attack as soon as alarm rises. This information to be collected may be heterogeneous because it may be from multiple users, process or hosts. Hence there is a need for common standard language that will work across various domains and platforms. XML is one such language.Writing an XML schema directly would be difficult and inconvenient. The best way to write XML schemas is to useUML models. Hence in this paper, we propose alert collbaration modeling architecture and attack description language using XML notion, which uses UML modeling.
Desmin transgene expression in mouse somites requires the presence of the neural tube (1995)

Transgenic mice were used to study the effect of the neural tube on somite myogenesis. These mice express a transgene in which the 1 kb DNA 5' regulatory sequence of the desmin gene is linked to a reporter gene which codes for E. coli beta-galactosidase. In order to determine whether the developmental fate of cells, specifically the prospective myogenic population, in newly developed somites was pre-determined, newly formed somites were isolated from the caudal region of day 9.5 transgenic embryos and transplanted into 8.5 day non-transgenic host embryos. Even though the implanted somites were not oriented in the host embryos, all the specimens examined developed normally at the graft site forming a dermatome, myotome and sclerotome in the correct anatomical positions. The myotome even expressed the desmin transgene. In addition, we isolated the 3 most caudal somites, that is, the most recently developed somites, from day 9.5 transgenic embryos and maintained them on gelatin-coated coverslips in culture for up to 4 days. While these somite explants did not develop myoblasts, it was possible to induce myogenesis by introducing pieces of neural tube into the explant cultures. These results suggest that the developmental fate of cells within the newly formed somite is not predetermined, but is dependent on the microenvironment surrounding the developing somite.
Unification of disjunctive feature descriptions (1988)

The paper describes a new implementation of feature structures containing disjunctive values, which can be characterized by the following main points: Local representation of embedded disjunctions, avoidance of expansion to disjunctive normal form and of repeated test-unifications for checking consistence. The method is based on a modification of Kasper and Rounds' calculus of feature descriptions and its correctness therefore is easy to see. It can handle cyclic structures and has been incorporated successfully into an environment for grammar development.
Highly compact 1T-1R architecture (4F<sup>2</sup> footprint) involving fully CMOS compatible vertical GAA nano-pillar transistors and oxide-based RRAM cells exhibiting excellent NVM properties and ultra-low power operation (2012)

For the first time, nano-meter-scaled 1T-1R non-volatile memory (NVM) architecture comprising of RRAM cells built on vertical GAA nano-pillar transistors, either junction-less or junction-based, is systematically investigated. Transistors are fabricated using fully CMOS compatible technology and RRAM cells are stacked onto the tip of the nano-pillars (with a diameter down to ~37nm) to achieve a compact 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> footprint. In addition, through this platform, different RRAM stacks comprising CMOS friendly materials are studied, and it is found that TiN/Ni/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /n+-Si RRAM cells show excellent switching properties in either bipolar or unipolar mode, including (1) ultra-low switching current/power: SET ~20nA/85nW and RESET ~200pA/700pW, (2) multi-level switchability, (3) good endurance, >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> , (4) satisfactory retention, 10 years at 85 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C; and (5) fast switching speed ~50ns. Moreover, this vertical (gate-all-around) GAA nano-pillar based 1T-1R architecture provides a more direct and flexible test vehicle to verify the scalability and functionality of RRAM candidates with a dimension close to actual application.
Analytical Pyrolysis of Hardwood and Softwood Lignins and Its use in Lignin-Type Determination of Hardwood Vessel Elements (1983)

Abstract Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on milled wood lignins (MWLs) and wood samples. Among the major pyrolysis products identified from loblolly pine lignin were guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, vanillin, coniferal-dehyde, and coniferyl alcohol. White oak lignin pyrolysis products also included guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, and vanillin and additionally 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, syringaldehyde, and sinapaldehyde. By identification of these pyrolysis products from either wood or MWL it is possible to classify lignins as either guaiacyl-type or syringyl/guaiacyl-type. Pyrolysis of isolated vessel elements from white oak, white birch, and American elm indicated that vessel lignin is of the syringyl/ guaiacyl-type.
Magnetophotonic crystals—a novel magneto-optic material with artificial periodic structures (2005)

When the constitutive materials of photonic crystals (PCs) are magnetic, or even only a defect in PCs is magnetic, the resultant PCs exhibit very unique optical and magneto-optical (MO) properties. They are called magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs) providing the spin-dependent nature in PCs. The strong photon confinement in the vicinity of magnetic defects results in large enhancement in linear and nonlinear magneto-optical responses of the media. Novel functions, such as band Faraday effect, magnetic super-prism effect and non-reciprocal or magnetically controllable photonic band structure, are predicted to occur theoretically. In this paper, preparations of 1D, 2D, and 3D MPCs and their fundamental properties are described based upon our recent investigations.
Phase 1 study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of AMG 510, a novel small molecule <i>KRAS<sup>G12C</sup></i> inhibitor, in advanced solid tumors. (2019)

3003 Background: The KRAS G12C mutation is found in approximately 13% of lung adenocarcinomas and 1–3% of other solid tumors, but there is no approved therapy that targets this mutation. AMG 510 is a novel small molecule that specifically and irreversibly inhibits KRAS G12C by locking it in an inactive GDP-bound state. Methods: This phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, multicenter study (NCT03600883) is evaluating the safety, tolerability, PK, and efficacy of AMG 510 in adult patients (pts) with locally-advanced or metastatic KRAS G12C mutant solid tumors. The primary endpoint is safety; key secondary endpoints include PK, ORR (assessed every 6 weeks [wks]), DOR, and PFS. Key inclusion criteria: KRAS G12C mutation identified through DNA sequencing, measurable or evaluable disease, ECOG PS ≤2, life expectancy >3 months (mo). Key exclusion criteria: active brain metastases, myocardial infarction within 6 mo. A dose exploration will determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). A dose expansion will enroll pts with NSCLC, CRC, and other advanced solid tumors carrying the KRAS G12C mutation. AMG 510 will be given PO until disease progression, intolerance, or withdrawal of consent. Results: 22 pts (8 men, 14 women; median age 55.5 y) were enrolled in the first 3 dose cohorts. Tumor types: 6 NSCLC, 15 CRC, 1 other. Most pts (n=17) had ≥3 prior lines of treatment (tx). Median tx duration was 28 d (range: 8–134). 5 pts reported 10 treatment-related AEs (grade 1, n=9; grade 2, n=1); there were no DLTs. Tumor response was evaluated in 9 pts (4 with ≥2 assessments); 13 pts have not reached their first assessment.1 pt had a PR (NSCLC at wks 6 and 12, tx ongoing), 6 pts had SD (4 CRC and 2 NSCLC; median tx duration 9.7 wks [range: 6.3–19.1], tx ongoing), 2 pts had PD. 20 pts are continuing to receive AMG 510. A second PR (NSCLC at wk 6, tx ongoing) was reported after data cutoff. Conclusions: AMG 510 has been well tolerated at the dose levels tested and has shown antitumor activity when administered as monotherapy to patients with advanced KRAS G12C mutant solid tumors. MTD has not been determined, and enrollment into the dose exploration is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03600883.
Psychosocial and psychological interventions for prevention of postnatal depression: systematic review (2005)

Diverse psychosocial or psychological interventions do not significantly reduce the number of women who develop postnatal depression. The most promising intervention is the provision of intensive, professionally based postpartum support.
A strategic plan for molecular electronics (1992)

Abstract This paper describes the background of microelectronics science and technology that influenced the development of molecular electronics ( ME ) and includes a description of some thoughts on the development of molecular circuit elements. Three basic principles are proposed and exemplified by a particular example of a suitable molecule. It is pointed out that as the size of electronic devices approaches molecular dimensions, ME promises to have distinct advantages over other technologies because the component function can be an outcome of the electronic structure of the molecule. A plan that can lead to the development of the ME concept with the scientific and technological knowledge of the present day is proposed.
Partial Primary Deficiency of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Activity Associated with<i>IGF1</i>Mutation Demonstrates Its Critical Role in Growth and Brain Development (2009)

This first report of mild deficiency of IGF-I activity demonstrates that the integrity of IGF-I signaling is important for normal growth and brain development. Molecular defects leading to partial loss of IGF-I activity may not be uncommon in patients born small for gestational age. The characterization of this complex phenotype and identification of such molecular defects have therapeutic implications, particularly now that, in addition to GH, recombinant IGF-I is available for clinical use.
Application of stochastic analysis to ultrasonic echoes—Estimation of attenuation and tissue heterogeneity from peaks of echo envelope (1986)

A study of the statistics of ultrasound speckle indicates that the noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) of the echo envelope peaks (EEP) in a B scan is monotonically related to the variance of the mean power of the backscattered echoes. If it is assumed that the backscattered echoes all have the same mean power, the NSR of the EEP's in a B scan will be expected to reach a theoretical minimum value NSR0 (0.40 approximately 0.42). In practical situations, the variance of the mean power of the echoes is increased due to the presence of both attenuation (including beam spreading) and the spatial variation in the backscattering cross section (BCS) of the tissue. Accordingly, the measured value of the NSR of the EEP's is expected to be greater than the NSR0. In principle, the effects of beam pattern and the attenuation can be compensated for by system calibration and a depth-related gain function, respectively. The attenuation coefficient of the tissue may then be obtained by adjusting the gain function to minimize the NSR of the EEP's. Due to the random nature of the heterogeneity of diseased tissue, the effect of the variation in the BCS, however, cannot be compensated for by the depth-related gain function. Therefore, the minimum value of the NSR indicates the spatial variation in the BCS and may finally correlate to the disease state of the tissue.
<title>Focal-plane processing algorithm and architecture for laser speckle interferometry</title> (1991)

A focal-plane processing array for laser speckle interferometry is described. The imager consists of a 32 X 32 array of analog processing elements which determine the average phase shift of a holographic fringe pattern. The phase computation algorithm requires only the addition, subtraction and rectification (absolute value) of signals from adjacent pixels in the imager. Charge-coupled device structures are used to implement these operations in parallel and eliminate the need to read the pixel data off the array. This allows imager frame rates in excess of 104 frames/sec to be achieved. The imager sensitivity is currently limited by a 20% fill factor and non ideal performance of the rectifier. A higher resolution array is currently being designed which utilizes amorphous silicon photodiodes to improve the fill factor. This design also includes an integrated amplifier at each pixel to obtain photon shot noise limited sensitivity.
Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2014)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common chronic liver disease, and the prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the severe form of NAFLD, can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although noninvasive clinical scores and image-based diagnosis for NAFLD have improved, histopathological evaluation of biopsy specimens remains the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD/NASH. Steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning are all necessary components for the diagnosis of NASH; fibrosis is also typically observed. Other histopathological abnormalities commonly observed in NASH include hepatocellular glycogenated nuclei, lipogranulomas, and acidophil bodies. The characteristics of pediatric NAFLD/NASH differ from adult NAFLD/NASH. Specifically, steatosis and portal inflammation are more severe in pediatric NAFLD, while intralobular inflammation and perisinusoidal fibrosis are milder. Although interobserver agreement for evaluating the extent of steatosis and fibrosis is high, agreement is low for intralobular and portal inflammation. A recently reported histological variant of HCC, steatohepatitic HCC (SH-HCC), shows features that resemble non-neoplastic steatohepatitis, and is thought to be strongly associated with underlying NASH. In this report, we review the histopathological features of NAFLD/NASH.
The Systematic Approach to Buying (1988)

Industrial buyers must help keep prices down while securing better services: to buy more for less requires considerable discipline but may be a hedge against competition. A systematic approach is increasingly attractive.
Deep wet etching of borosilicate glass using an anodically bonded silicon substrate as mask (1998)

Deep wet etching of borosilicate glass using an anodically bonded silicon substrate as mask is presented. Depths of m or more can be achieved very easily. The structured glass wafer can be bonded anodically on the same side to another silicon wafer, after having removed the bonded silicon mask. A lateral underetching 1.5 times larger than the depth was measured. An application using this masking technique is also presented. It consists of using the anodically bonded frame of a resonant silicon structure as a mask for deep glass etching to increase the gap between the glass wall and the resonator, thus yielding a high Q-factor.
Live code update for IoT devices in energy harvesting environments (2016)

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is exhibiting explosive growth. These devices are often closely coupled to the physical world, and may harvest energy as a power source, which imposes particularly stringent operating constraints. Like any programmable system, IoT devices may need software updates to fix bugs, add functionality, or improve computational capability. This paper proposes novel strategies to update deployed code for IoT energy-harvesting devices based on in-place code updating and code trampolines, which effectively eliminate system down time and minimize resource demands for updates. We show that our schemes, on average, reduce the number of nonvolatile memory writes by 99% and code transmission cost by 78%.