gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilizing a high fundamental frequency quartz crystal resonator as a biosensor in a digital microfluidic platform (2011)

We demonstrate the operation of a digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip system utilizing Electro Wetting on Dielectrics (EWOD) as the actuation principle and a High Fundamental Frequency (HFF; 50 MHz) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator as a mass-sensitive sensor. In a first experiment we have tested the reversible formation of a phosphor-lipid monolayer of phospholipid vesicles out of an aqueous buffer suspension onto a bio-functionalized integrated QCM sensor. A binding of bio-molecules results in an altered mass load of the resonant sensor and a shift of the resonance frequency can be measured. In the second part of the experiment, the formation of a protein multilayer composed of the biomolecule streptavidin and biotinylated immunoglobulin G was monitored. Additionally, the macroscopic contact angle was optically measured in order to verify the bio-specific binding and to test the implications onto the balance of the surface tensions. Using these sample applications, we were able to demonstrate and to verify the feasibility of integrating a mass-sensitive QCM sensor into a digital microfluidic chip.
Initial position estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motors based on variation behavior of winding inductances (2015)

An estimation method of initial rotor position is a difficult research branch in permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSM), it is also an important research branch in sensorless technique. In PMSM with a saliency pole structured rotor, influenced by saliency effects, the self-inductance and mutual-inductance present periodicity variation, Starting from this feature, Firstly, the method of injecting high frequency low voltage pulses is utilized for identifying the line inductance and then the influence of winding current to line inductance are thorough analyzed by Fourier series decomposition. Secondly, using the rotational coordinate transformation, the fundamental harmonic and third harmonic can be eliminated to some extent, and then the inductance can be presented by a sine function, then the position vs. inductance characteristics are modeled for estimating the rotor position. The experimental results show that the proposed method estimates the initial rotor position reliably and efficiently.
Barriers built on claudins (2004)

The fundamental functions of epithelia and endothelia in multicellular organisms are to separate compositionally distinct compartments and regulate the exchange of small solutes and other substances between them. Tight junctions (TJs) between adjacent cells constitute the barrier to the passage of ions and molecules through the paracellular pathway and function as a `fence' within the plasma membrane to create and maintain apical and basolateral membrane domains. How TJs achieve this is only beginning to be understood. Recently identified components of TJs include the claudins, a family of four-transmembrane-span proteins that are prime candidates for molecules that function in TJ permeability. Their identification and characterization have provided new insight into the diversity of different TJs and heterogeneity of barrier functions in different epithelia and endothelia.
재발성 하부 위장관 출혈상을 보인 소장의 Mantle Cell Lymphoma 1 예 (2000)

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is difficult to localize despite advanced diagnostic procedures such as colonoscopy, small bowel series, mesenteric angiography and radionuclide scan. We had experienced a case of mantle cell lymphoma of small bowel. In this case, the cause of recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain was not defined despite extensive preoperative evaluation. We diagnosed this case as mantle cell lymphoma after exploratory laparotomy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20:294-298)
Radiofrequency Energy-Induced Heating During MR Procedures: A Review (2000)

During an MR procedure, most of the transmitted RF power is transformed into heat within the patient's tissue as a result of resistive losses. Not surprisingly, the primary bioeffects associated with the RF radiation used for MR procedures are directly related to the thermogenic qualities of this electromagnetic field. This review article discusses the characteristics of RF energy-induced heating associated with MR procedures, with an emphasis on thermal and other physiologic responses observed in human subjects.
Perspective: The Stage‐Gate<sup>®</sup> Idea‐to‐Launch Process—Update, What's New, and NexGen Systems<sup>*</sup> (2008)

Stage‐Gate has become a popular system for driving new products to market, and the benefits of using such a robust idea‐to‐launch system have been well documented. However, there are many misconceptions and challenges in using Stage‐Gate. First, Stage‐Gate is briefly outlined, noting how the system should work and the structure of both stages and gates. Next, some of the misconceptions about Stage‐Gate—it is not a linear process, nor is it a rigid system—are debunked, and explanations of what Stage‐Gate is and is not are provided. The challenges faced in employing Stage‐Gate are identified, including governance issues, overbureaucratizing the process, and misapplying cost‐cutting systems such as Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing to product innovation. Solutions are offered, including better governance methods such as “gates with teeth,” clearly defined gatekeepers, and gatekeeper rules of engagement, as well as ways to deal with bureaucracy, including leaner gates. Next‐generation versions of Stage‐Gate are introduced, notably a scalable system (to handle many different types and sizes of projects), as well as even more flexible and adaptable versions of Stage‐Gate achieved via spiral development and simultaneous execution. Additionally, Stage‐Gate now incorporates better decision‐making practices including scorecards, success criteria, self‐managed gates, electronic and virtual gates, and integration with portfolio management. Improved accountability and continuous improvement are now built into Stage‐Gate via a rigorous postlaunch review. Finally, progressive companies are reinventing Stage‐Gate for use with “open innovation,” whereas others are applying the principles of value stream analysis to yield a leaner version of Stage‐Gate.
Challenge of the 90's: testing CoreWare/sup (TM/) based ASICs (2002)

Testing of CoreWare based ASICs is emerging as the most challenging problem of the 1990s. The testing challenge is two fold: first, how to test the embedded cores; and second, how to integrate the test-set of a core with other blocks into ASIC level test-set. Each of these problems is further compounded by the Intellectual Property (IP) protection issue.
Use of Recombinant Cellulose-Binding Domains of <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> Cellulase as a Selective Immunocytochemical Marker for Cellulose in Protozoa (2002)

Some unicellular organisms are able to encyst as a protective response to a harmful environment. The cyst wall usually contains chitin as its main structural constituent, but in some cases, as in Acanthamoeba, it consists of cellulose instead. Specific cytochemical differentiation between cellulose and chitin by microscopy has not been possible, due to the similarity of their constituent beta-1,4-linked hexose backbones. Thus, various fluorescent brightening agents and lectins bind to both cellulose and chitin. We have used a recombinant cellulose-binding protein consisting of two cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) from Trichoderma reesei cellulases linked together in combination with monoclonal anticellulase antibodies and anti-mouse immunoglobulin fluorescein conjugate to specifically stain cellulose in the cysts of Acanthamoeba strains for fluorescence microscopy imaging. Staining was observed in ruptured cysts and frozen sections of cysts but not in intact mature cysts. No staining reaction was observed with the chitin-containing cyst walls of Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba dispar, or Pneumocystis carinii. Thus, the recombinant CBD can be used as a marker to distinguish between cellulose and chitin. Thirteen of 25 environmental or clinical isolates of amoebae reacted in the CBD binding assay. All 13 isolates were identified as Acanthamoeba spp. Five isolates of Hartmannella and seven isolates of Naegleria tested negative in the CBD binding assay. Whether cyst wall cellulose really is a unique property of Acanthamoeba spp. among free-living amoebae, as suggested by our findings, remains to be shown in more extensive studies.
Effect of fabric structure and polymer matrix on flexural strength, interlaminar shear stress, and energy dissipation of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites (2015)

We report the effect of glass fiber structure and the epoxy polymer system on the flexural strength, interlaminar shear stress (ILSS), and energy absorption properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. Four different GFRP composites were fabricated from two glass fiber textiles of different fabric count and strand density and two resin systems, a cycloaliphatic and a linear aliphatic system. These composites were fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer method. The flexural stress and ILSS data were obtained using a three-point bending test following ASTM 790-10 and ASTM D2344/D2344M standards. The GFRP composite sheet fabricated using a larger fabric count showed weak flexural strength as well as poor ILSS properties. However, it showed an average increase in energy dissipation of 95% and 7%, for resins SC780 and SC15, respectively, after five compression cycles over the measured range of compression strain. In comparison with the SC15 resin, the SC780 resin proved to have better flexural and ILSS properties but decreased energy dissipation. The results of this investigation help with the design of textile-reinforced composites for applications where bending strength, ILSS, and energy absorption are important.
In vitro anticancer activity of extracts of Mentha Spp. against human cancer cells. (2014)

In vitro anticancer potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of whole plants of Mentha arvensis, M. longifolia, M. spicata and M. viridis at concentration of 100 μg/ml was evaluated against eight human cancer cell lines--A-549, COLO-205, HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI-H322, PC-3, THP-1 and U-87MG from six different origins (breast, colon, glioblastoma, lung, leukemia and prostate) using sulphorhodamine blue (SRB) assay. Methanolic extracts of above-mentioned Mentha Spp. displayed anti-proliferative effect in the range of 70-97% against four human cancer cell lines, namely COLO-205, MCF-7, NCI-H322 and THP-1; however, aqueous extracts were found to be active against HCT-116 and PC-3. The results indicate that Mentha Spp. contain certain constituents with cytotoxic properties which may find use in developing anticancer agents.
Manganese behavior in the sediments of diverse Scottish freshwater lochs (1997)

Mn concentrations were determined in sediments and pore waters of five freshwater lochs in Scotland. The aim was to establish whether the geochemical behavior of Mn differed in a range of limnological conditions: oligotrophic/mesotrophic Loch Lomond; eutrophic unstratified Loch Leven; seasonally stratified eutrophic Balgavies Loch; oligotrophic, acidified Round Loch of Glenhead; and oligotrophic, acid‐sensitive Loch Coire nan Arr. Although redox‐driven diagenesis of Mn was evident in all lochs, the diversity of conditions in the lochs resulted in some cases in modifications to behavior predicted by conceptual models for transport of Mn at a redox boundary. These differences were reflected in the chemical associations and trends in concentration of Mn. A classic example of Mn redox cycling in the sediments of Loch Lomond provided a basis for comparison with other systems. Higher inventories of Mn in sediment collected from eutrophic Loch Leven during the summer, compared with sediment from autunm and winter sampling, were explained by the effects of enhanced primary productivity (high pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations) during a summer algal bloom. In Balgavies Loch, where the bottom water was hypoxic, at the time of sampling, previous diagenetic enrichment of Mn in the surface sediment was subject to modification by dissolution and release from the solid phase to pore water, which was elevated in Mn. The increase in solid‐phase Mn concentration with depth and lack of significant surface enhancement of Mn in Round Loch contrasted markedly with results from other lochs. This was attributed mainly to acidification, producing a pH‐related decrease in Mn sedimentation. Mn partitioning and porewater data for Loch Coire nan Arr were in some respects similar to those at Round Loch, with both lochs having peaty sediment. However, Mn concentration patterns attributed to acidification effects at Round Loch were not found in Loch Coire nan Arr.
Merging Geospatial Technologies with Cross Reality in the context of smart manufacturing systems (2020)

It is widely acknowledged that geospatial information has immense applicability across a vast spectrum of human endeavors. Examples include oil and gas exploration, energy management, smart city engineering, weather forecasting, tracking, aviation, satellite ground systems, environmental planning, disaster management, public administration, civil planning and engineering, and science. All such activities entail gathering a significant amount of data and other critical information stored, accessed, managed, manipulated, analyzed, and visualized. This variety of applications requires novel methodologies and technologies capable of delivering both interactive visualization and intelligent complexity reduction.The main focus of this workshop report is the detailed dissection of these technologies, their relationship to one another, and their unique abilities to realize cross-reality capabilities and design principles in a multimodal immersive, and intelligent geographical environment. The goal is to enumerate (and prioritize) critical research and standards opportunities for merging geospatial technologies with smart manufacturing systems.
Aluminum <i>ansa</i>-Indenyl Compounds. Synthesis, Structures, Dynamic Properties, and Application in the Synthesis of Group 4 <i>ansa</i>-Metallocenes (1999)

The synthesis, structures, dynamic properties, and indenyl transfer reactions of aluminum ansa-bis(indenyl) compounds are described. The reaction of 2 equiv of AlMe2Cl with 1 equiv of Li2[(1-indenyl)2SiMe2], Li2[(2-Me-1-indenyl)2SiMe2], Li2[(2-Me-4,5-benz-1-indenyl)2SiMe2]·Et2O, Li2[(2-Me-4-Ph-1-indenyl)2SiMe2]·Et2O, or Li2[1,2-(3-indenyl)2-C2H4] in Et2O followed by treatment with the appropriate Lewis base (L) affords {AlMe2(THF)(indenyl)}2SiMe2 (1), [{1-AlMe2(1,4-dioxane)0.5-2-Me-1-indenyl}2SiMe2]n (2a), {1-AlMe2(Et2O)-2-Me-4,5-benz-1-indenyl}2SiMe2 (3), {1-AlMe2(Et2O)-2-Me-4-Ph-1-indenyl}2SiMe2 (4a), {1-AlMe2(THF)-2-Me-4-Ph-1-indenyl}2SiMe2 (4b), or 1,2-{3-AlMe2(THF)-1-indenyl}2-C2H4 (5), respectively, as colorless to pale yellow solids in 41−70% isolated yields. Compounds 2a and 4b are isolated as the rac isomers, whereas 1 and 3 are isolated as rac/meso mixtures from which the rac isomer can be separated by recrystallization. Compound 5 was isolated as a single diastereomer of 1,2-{3-AlMe2(THF)-1-indenyl}2-C2H4. The molecular structures of rac-2a and rac-3 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Low-temperature NMR studies establish that, in toluene-d8, rac-1 exists as a 2/1 mixture of two isomers, ({1-AlMe2(THF)-1-indenyl}{1-AlMe2(THF)-3-indenyl})SiMe2 (rac-1a) and {1-AlMe2(THF)-1-indenyl}2SiMe2 (rac-1b), which interconvert rapidly on the NMR time scale at room temperature. In contrast, similar studies establish that rac-2b (in THF-d8) and rac-3 and rac-4b (in toluene-d8) exist as the rac-{1-AlMe2L-1-indenyl}2SiMe2 isomers; in these cases no other isomers are detected. rac-1, rac-3, and rac-4b isomerize to rac/meso mixtures slowly (days) at ambient temperature and more rapidly (minutes) at 70 °C. Compounds 1 and 5 undergo slow partial disproportionation by ligand redistribution (e.g. 1: 28% conversion, 2 days, 23 °C, benzene); the more highly substituted indenyl compounds 3 and 4b are more resistant to this process. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 5 react with Zr(NMe2)4 and Hf(NMe2)4 in benzene or toluene under mild conditions to yield the corresponding ansa-metallocenes {(1-indenyl)2SiMe2}M(NMe2)2 (6, M = Zr, rac/meso = 4/1; 7, M = Hf, rac/meso = 10/1), {(2-Me-1-indenyl)2SiMe2}Zr(NMe2)2 (8, rac/meso = 3/4), {(2-Me-4,5-benz-1-indenyl)2SiMe2}Zr(NMe2)2 (9, rac/meso = 9/10), {(2-Me-4-Ph-1-indenyl)2SiMe2}Zr(NMe2)2 (10, rac/meso = 2/3) and {1,2-(3-indenyl)2-C2H4}M(NMe2)2 (11, M = Zr, rac/meso = 7.3/1; 12, M = Hf, rac/meso = 7/1) in 70−90% NMR yields.
Design of a retractable intramedullary nail for the humerus. (2003)

This paper describes the design of a retractable intramedullary nail for the humerus that does not require inter-locking screws. The developed nail has a series of fins which open out from the casing to grip the medullary canal of the bone, thus securing it in position. Prototypes of the nail have been mechanically tested using static compression, dynamic compression and static torsion tests. During the compression tests no nails were found to fail. Statically a mean force of 809 N was withstood. During dynamic testing all the nails survived 1 million cycles, with a maximum applied load of 400 N. In torsion the two nails failed at 1.0 and 2.2 N m. Based on the mechanical testing, the retractable intramedullary nail would appear strong enough to withstand the expected loading conditions in the human body.
Changing the functionality of cocoa butter (2011)

Cocoa butter is an essential ingredient in chocolate as it forms the continuous phase of chocolate. It’s therefore responsible for the gloss, texture and typical melting behaviour of ‘irresistible’ chocolate. The aim of this research was to change the functionality of cocoa butter by two different methods. In the first part, cocoa butter was modified by physical refining by using packed column steam refining with or without silica pretreatment. The physicochemical properties of the refined cocoa butters were determined and in the next step they were applied in a milk chocolate formulation. The produced milk chocolates were then evaluated for different quality characteristics. It was clear that the free fatty acids played a predominant role but the exact mechanism remained unclear. \nIn the second part of this research, cocoa butter was changed more drastically as it was submitted to an enzymatic modification process, aiming to produce diacylglycerols. Diacylglycerols have distinct physicochemical properties compared to triacylglycerols due to the presence of a free hydroxyl group. An enzymatic glycerolysis reaction was optimized and a highly purified diacylglycerol fraction was obtained by short path distillation. The produced diacylglycerols were physicochemically characterized and blended with cocoa butter to screen their applicability in confectionary products. A multi-methodological approach was used to study the isothermal crystallization of cocoa butter at 20°C. In the last part of the research, the cocoa butter based diacylglycerols were applied in a dark chocolate formulation and the functional properties were derived by determining the melting and rheological behaviour and texture. As migration fat bloom remains one of the major quality issues in composed chocolate products, it was investigated whether cocoa butter based diacylglycerols could delay or prevent this phenomenon.
Glioblastoma genetics: in rapid flux. (2010)

Glioblastoma is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor. While small progress has been made in treating this cancer in recent years, glioblastoma remains largely resistant to all existing therapies. It has been hoped that dissection of the genetics of this cancer would lead to more targeted and effective treatments, and new advances may finally be bringing this closer to fruition. Within the last few years, high-throughput efforts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and a massive sequencing project have yielded novel insights and classifications of this dreaded cancer. The likely impact on care delivery in the clinic may only be a few years away. The rapid and exciting pace of advances in glioblastoma genetics has prompted this up-to-date review.
Guided exploration of physically valid shapes for furniture design (2012)

Geometric modeling and the physical validity of shapes are traditionally considered independently. This makes creating aesthetically pleasing yet physically valid models challenging. We propose an interactive design framework for efficient and intuitive exploration of geometrically and physically valid shapes. During any geometric editing operation, the proposed system continuously visualizes the valid range of the parameter being edited. When one or more constraints are violated after an operation, the system generates multiple suggestions involving both discrete and continuous changes to restore validity. Each suggestion also comes with an editing mode that simultaneously adjusts multiple parameters in a coordinated way to maintain validity. Thus, while the user focuses on the aesthetic aspects of the design, our computational design framework helps to achieve physical realizability by providing active guidance to the user. We demonstrate our framework on plank-based furniture design with nail-joint and frictional constraints. We use our system to design a range of examples, conduct a user study, and also fabricate a physical prototype to test the validity and usefulness of the system.
Antioxidant Potential of Peel Extracts of Banana Varieties (&lt;i&gt;Musa sapientum&lt;/i&gt;) (2011)

The study has been aimed to evaluate and compare phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity in peel extracts of nine local varieties of banana, i.e. Musa sapientum species. Ethanolic extract of peels of these varieties were subjected to in vitro free radical scavenging assays like DPPH, ABTS and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay. Total antioxidant capacity assay to confirm the antioxidant potential and phytochemical content such as total phenols, flavonoids were also determined. The results obtained were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and DMRT analysis. The peel ex- tracts of all the nine varieties of banana exhibited significant antioxidant and phytochemical activities with Musa spp – Blueggoe (Monthan) - AAB and Musa spp – Rasthali – AAB showing highest free radical scavenging activity and Musa spp – Karpooravalli – ABB, Musa spp – Rasthali – AAB, Musa spp - Ney Poovan (Kadali) – AB and Musa spp – Mysore (Poovan) – AAB having highest phytochemical content. The study suggests that peel extracts of these banana varieties could be useful to combat free radical mediated diseases.
An Automated Recommender System for Course Selection (2016)

Most of electronic commerce and knowledge management` systems use recommender systems as the underling tools for identifying a set of items that will be of interest to a certain user. Collaborative recommender systems recommend items based on similarities and dissimilarities among users’ preferences. This paper presents a collaborative recommender system that recommends university elective courses to students by exploiting courses that other similar students had taken. The proposed system employs an association rules mining algorithm as an underlying technique to discover patterns between courses. Experiments were conducted with real datasets to assess the overall performance of the proposed approach.