gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of RNA polymerase IV in plant small RNA metabolism (2007)

In addition to the three RNA polymerases (RNAP I-III) shared by all eukaryotic organisms, plant genomes encode a fourth RNAP (RNAP IV) that appears to be specialized in the production of siRNAs. Available data support a model in which dsRNAs are generated by RNAP IV and RNA-dependent RNAP 2 (RDR2) and processed by DICER (DCL) enzymes into 21- to 24-nt siRNAs, which are associated with different ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins for transcriptional or posttranscriptional gene silencing. However, it is not yet clear what fraction of genomic siRNA production is RNAP IV-dependent, and to what extent these siRNAs are preferentially processed by certain DCL(s) or associated with specific AGOs for distinct downstream functions. To address these questions on a genome-wide scale, we sequenced approximately 335,000 siRNAs from wild-type and RNAP IV mutant Arabidopsis plants by using 454 technology. The results show that RNAP IV is required for the production of >90% of all siRNAs, which are faithfully produced from a discrete set of genomic loci. Comparisons of these siRNAs with those accumulated in rdr2 and dcl2 dcl3 dcl4 and those associated with AGO1 and AGO4 provide important information regarding the processing, channeling, and functions of plant siRNAs. We also describe a class of RNAP IV-independent siRNAs produced from endogenous single-stranded hairpin RNA precursors.
Controlling Network–Brush Interactions to Achieve Switchable Adhesion (2007)

Make up and break up: A pH-responsive system that displays switchable adhesion in situ is described. Polyacid gels and polybases grafted to a substrate (brushes) strongly adhere in water, but in an acidic environment, the gel and brush dissociate. Adhesion can be controlled by environmental acidity and the process can be repeated several times. Such adhesion may be used in actuators, microfluidics, drug delivery, or personal-care products.
Torsional modes in piezo helical springs (1999)

Piezo springs have been studied for their advantages in receiver applications at low frequencies. In this paper, piezo helical springs shaped from curved unimorphs are proposed for actuator designs in which the torsional modes are used to obtain electroelastic conversion. In comparison with the use of bimorphs as low frequency actuators, the helices show advantages of large strain capabilities and high compliance. These advantages are confirmed by numerical calculations.
Purification of NAD-dependent 1,2-propanediol dehydrogenating enzyme from Microcyclus eburneus. (1980)

In the previous paper,1) we reported the presence of NAD-dependent 1,2-propanediol dehydrogenating en zyme in the cells of Microcyclus eburneus grown on 1,2 propanediol under aerobic conditions, and also reported that the enzyme activity was separated into two fractions , namely enzyme I and II on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography. This paper deals with further purification of the enzyme
Playing nice. Noncompete terms in physician employment agreements. (2005)

Medical groups often include a noncompete clause in their employment contracts with physicians to protect themselves if physicians leave and seek to open competing medical offices. Noncompete agreements can perform a valuable function by allowing medical groups to employ, train and financially support new professionals without fear that they are creating competitors, but the agreements' enforceability depends on state law.
Chapter 9. Inorganic and organometallic polymers (1993)

I. Manners, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem., 1993, 90, 103 DOI: 10.1039/IC9939000103
<i>Caltha palustris</i> L. Seed Oil. A source of four fatty acids with<i>cis</i>‐5‐unsaturation (1968)

The seed oil ofCaltha palustris L. yields two unusual polyunsaturated components, all-cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (23%) and all-cis-5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (1%). The C(18) monoene fraction (26%) is a mixture ofcis-5- andcis-9-octadecenoic acids (2ratio1). The C(20) monoene fraction (12%) is a mixture ofcis-11- andcis-5-isomers (3ratio1).
Altered expression of leucocyte sialoglycoprotein in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is associated with a specific defect in <i>O</i>-glycosylation (1989)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immune deficiency disorder characterized clinically by both lymphocyte and platelet dysfunction. Studies of WAS T lymphocytes have revealed deficient or defective cell surface expression of the highly O-glycosylated leucocyte sialoglycoprotein CD43. To further elucidate the basis for, and functional relevance of, CD43 modifications on WAS lymphocytes, we have studied lymphocytes from two WAS patients with regard to membrane glycoprotein profile and mitogen-induced proliferative responses. CD43 was found to be either absent or altered in size on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lectin-stimulated T cells from both patients. Compared with control cells, the WAS lymphocytes displayed reduced, but measurable proliferative responses to lectins and neuraminidase/galactose oxidase, and virtually no response to periodate, a mitogenic agent which targets sialic acid residues on membrane glycoproteins such as CD43. Analysis of activities of three glycosyltransferases involved in O-glycosylation revealed marked reduction in the level of activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-R beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-1,6-GlcNAc) transferase in one WAS patient and no detectable activity of this enzyme in a second. beta-1,6-GlcNAc transferase activity has recently been shown to increase during T cell activation coincident with changes in the O-linked glycans on CD43. A selective reduction of this glycosyltransferase in WAS lymphocytes suggests that O-linked oligosaccharides may be important to the structure of membrane glycoproteins involved in lymphocyte activation.
An approach for normalization and quality control for NanoString RNA expression data (2020)

The NanoString RNA counting assay for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples is unique in its sensitivity, technical reproducibility and robustness for analysis of clinical and archival samples. While commercial normalization methods are provided by NanoString, they are not optimal for all settings, particularly when samples exhibit strong technical or biological variation or where housekeeping genes have variable performance across the cohort. Here, we develop and evaluate a more comprehensive normalization procedure for NanoString data with steps for quality control, selection of housekeeping targets, normalization and iterative data visualization and biological validation. The approach was evaluated using a large cohort ($N=\kern0.5em 1649$) from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, two cohorts of moderate sample size ($N=359$ and$130$) and a small published dataset ($N=12$). The iterative process developed here eliminates technical variation (e.g. from different study phases or sites) more reliably than the three other methods, including NanoString's commercial package, without diminishing biological variation, especially in long-term longitudinal multiphase or multisite cohorts. We also find that probe sets validated for nCounter, such as the PAM50 gene signature, are impervious to batch issues. This work emphasizes that systematic quality control, normalization and visualization of NanoString nCounter data are an imperative component of study design that influences results in downstream analyses.
36. Hydrothermal chemistry of the silicates. Part VIII. Low-temperature crystal growth of aluminosilicates, and of some gallium and germanium analogues (1959)

R. M. Barrer, J. W. Baynham, F. W. Bultitude and W. M. Meier, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 195 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000195
Heterochain polymers based on natural amino acids. Synthesis and enzymatic hydrolysis of regular poly(ester amide)s based on bis(<scp>L</scp>‐phenylalanine) α,ω‐alkylene diesters and adipic acid (1994)

Abstract Novel biodegradable regular poly(ester amide)s were synthesized by polycondensation of p ‐toluenesulfonic acid salts of bis(phenylalanine) α,ω‐alkylene diesters ( 1 ) with bis( p ‐nitrophenyl) adipate under mild conditions in organic solvents in the presence of triethyl amine as acid acceptor. Enzymatic hydrolysis (α‐chymotrypsinolysis) of the starting salts 1 , the model bis(ester acetamide)s 2 and the obtained poly(ester amide)s 3 was investigated at 37°C and pH 8 using potentiometric titration. It was established that the hydrolysis rate increased with elongation of the α,ω‐alkylene chain. A strong noncovalent immobilization of the enzyme on the polymeric surface was observed.
Animal study on lung injury caused by simulant segmented shock waves. (2001)

It suggests that lung injury under shock waves probably occurs during the DP primarily. It probably does not cause direct obvious lung injury during the RP, but significantly influences the capability of causing lung injury during the DP.
Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction disruption by altered expression and localization of occludin in a murine graft versus host disease model (2011)

This analysis in a murine model of GvHD of the small intestine demonstrates serious impairment of intestinal barrier function in the jejunum, with an increased permeability and morphological changes through downregulation and localization shift of the tight junction protein occludin.
Human Autoantibodies and Monoclonal Antibody KHRI‐3 Bind to a Phylogenetically Conserved Inner‐ear‐supporting Cell Antigen<sup>a</sup> (1997)

Autoimmunity is thought to be one cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Sera from patients with rapidly progressive hearing loss have been shown to contain antibodies to a 68-kD protein in heterologous inner-ear tissue. Using guinea pig inner-ear tissue as the antigenic substrate and either Western blot or immunofluorescence (IF) or both, we tested sera from 74 patients suspected to have autoimmune hearing loss for inner-ear antibodies. Sera from 73 patients were tested by Western blot, and sera from 36 were tested by IF. Thirty-seven of 73 (51%) had antibody to a 68-70-kD protein by Western blot. Sera positive by IF stained supporting cells with a staining pattern like that previously observed with the KHRI-3 monoclonal antibody. There was concordance between Western blot and IF assays. Of 36 patients tested by both assays, 29/31 (94%) that were positive in Western blot were also positive by IF, three were negative by both tests, and two each were positive by one assay but negative by the other. Absorption of patient sera with human inner-ear tissue removed antibody reactivity to the guinea pig supporting cells, indicating that the antigen detected by the autoantibody is also present in the human inner ear. Absorption with an equal volume of white or red blood cells from the tissue donor did not remove the antibody reactivity to inner ear, showing that the absorption by inner-ear tissue is specific. Sera from three patients positive in both assays also stained a 68-70-kD inner-ear protein immunoprecipitated by the KHRI-3 monoclonal antibody, indicating that the monoclonal and human antibodies recognize the same antigen. The results support the hypothesis that patients with autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss produce autoantibodies to an inner-ear supporting cell antigen that is phylogenetically conserved and defined by the murine monoclonal antibody KHRI-3. Since KHRI-3 can induce hearing loss after infusion into the inner ear, it is likely that autoantibodies with the same antigenic target are also pathogenic in humans.
Review—Research Progress on Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries (2021)

The proportion of new energy power generation gets higher and higher, due to the depletion of fossil energy resources. However, new energy power is generally unstable, so that it is necessary to use energy storage batteries to balance the power peak and valley. Although lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various fields, in particular for large-scale energy storage, the low abundance of lithium in the earth crust makes it untenable to meet the ever-intense future demand. Sodium ion batteries, which have similar energy storage mechanism to lithium-ion batteries, have attracted significant attentions due to their abundant raw material resources, low cost, and fairly high energy densities. Layered transition metal oxides are a class of the most promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries, owing to their high theoretical specific capacities, good conductivity, and fast diffusion kinetics. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the electrochemical performance, structural characteristics, performance shortcomings and modification technologies about the O3- and P2-type layered transition metal oxide cathode materials. The application potentials of layered materials are summarized and analyzed, which provides a reference for the industry to select the most promising and practical layered cathode material for sodium ion batteries.
Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp with ketoconazole shampoo. A double-blind study. (1990)

Thirty-six patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp and culture positive for Pityrosporum ovale were treated in a double-blind placebo controlled study with ketoconazole shampoo twice weekly for 4 weeks. In the ketoconazole group, 16 of 18 patients (89%) became free of lesions or improved, compared with only 8 of 18 (p less than 0.01) in the placebo group. The patients found the shampoo effective, easy to use and cosmetically attractive.
Thermal and Structural Analysis of Functionally Graded NiCrAlY/YSZ/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coated Piston (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Functionally Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings (FG-TBC) increases the performance of high temperature components in gasoline engines by decreasing the thermal conductivity and increasing the unburned charge oxidation in the flame quenching area with the increase in temperature near the entrance of the crevice volume between the piston and the liner during the compression and the early part of the expansion strokes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, a 3-D finite element steady state thermal and structural analysis are carried out on both uncoated and functionally graded NiCrAlY/YSZ/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coated gasoline engine piston using a commercial code, namely ANSYS. The effects of coating on the thermo mechanical behaviours of the piston are investigated. It has been shown that the maximum surface temperature of the ceramic coated piston is improved approximately by 7% for the Al-Si alloy. The application of TBC enhances the Von Mises stress withstanding capacity approximately by 15% than the uncoated piston due to maximum temperature difference and difference in thermal expansion coefficients within the ceramic layers.</div></div>
The Investigation of Nano Silica in the Cement Hydration Process (2009)

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Infections Related to Medical Devices (1978)

Medical devices have become an integral part of hospital-based care but also predispose patients to more than 850 000 device-related infections annually. Devices predispose to infection by damaging or invading epithelial and mucosal barriers to infection, by supporting growth of microorganisms and thus serving as reservoirs, by impeding host defense mechanisms, and, when contaminated, by directly infecting patients. Epidemics of device-related infections appear to have increased in frequency since 1965, have been due mainly to gram-negative bacilli, usually have resulted from in-hospital contamination of devices, and most often have been linked to urinary catheters, intravenous infusion devices, hemodialysis, and respiratory therapy equipment. Endemic device-related infections include those traced to these same commonly used medical devices as well as infections that follow use of specialized devices such as prostheses. Urinary catheters and intravenous infusion devices represent major sources of nosocomial septicemia. In most instances, measures currently recommended to control device-related infections have not be assessed with respect to either efficacy or practicality, and further study of the pathogenesis and prevention of these infections is needed.
Use of autologous fibrin glue in the treatment of splenic trauma: an experimental study. (1992)

There is little doubt that preserving the spleen will contribute to a much more favourable outcome in patients undergoing splenic surgery, as a result of avoiding the well known risks of splenectomy. Among many operative methods described for splenic salvage, application of autologous fibrin glue (AFG) is particularly promising because of its unique characteristics. The use of AFG has been evaluated and its efficacy and tissue compatibility assessed in the treatment of splenic trauma in 15 partially splenectomized New Zealand White rabbits. The application of the AFG to the resected splenic surface achieved complete haemostasis in all animals. The animals were divided into four groups and were killed at varying intervals ranging from 24 h to 10 weeks. During re-exploration there was no evidence of recurrent bleeding and histopathological examination revealed progressive absorption of the AFG with a minimal inflammatory response. It is concluded that AFG is an effective haemostatic agent with good systemic and local compatibility and can be used in splenic salvage, which thereby avoids the use of non-autologous products with their risks of disease transmission.
Three-dimensional edge-preserving image enhancement for computed tomography (2003)

Computed tomography (CT) images exhibit a variable amount of noise and blur, depending on the physical characteristics of the apparatus and the selected reconstruction method. Standard algorithms tend to favor reconstruction speed over resolution, thereby jeopardizing applications where accuracy is critical. In this paper, we propose to enhance CT images by applying half-quadratic edge-preserving image restoration (or deconvolution) to them. This approach may be used with virtually any CT scanner, provided the overall point-spread function can be roughly estimated. In image restoration, Markov random fields (MRFs) have proven to be very flexible a priori models and to yield impressive results with edge-preserving penalization, but their implementation in clinical routine is limited because they are often viewed as complex and time consuming. For these practical reasons, we focused on numerical efficiency and developed a fast implementation based on a simple three-dimensional MRF model with convex edge-preserving potentials. The resulting restoration method provides good recovery of sharp discontinuities while using convex duality principles yields fairly simple implementation of the optimization. Further reduction of the computational load can be achieved if the point-spread function is assumed to be separable. Synthetic and real data experiments indicate that the method provides significant improvements over standard reconstruction techniques and compares well with convex-potential Markov-based reconstruction, while being more flexible and numerically efficient.
Crafting chiral space. The synthesis of C2-symmetric diphosphine ligands for an outer-sphere catalytic reaction (1997)

Etant donne que le mecanisme de l'alkylation allylique implique la coupure et la formation de liaisons a l'exterieur de la sphere de coordination du palladium, une des approches envisagees pour le controle de l'enantioselectivite de cette reaction est la creation d'une poche chirale. Une strategie pour la synthese de tels recepteurs chiraux est developpee ici. La construction d'un ligand modulable est basee sur l'utilisation du trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane comme squelette chiral, induisant la chiralite conformationnelle du groupe 2-(diarylphosphino)benzoyle qui lui est attache. Le bis(3,5-dibromophenyl)phosphinobenzoate de methyle a ete prepare par une nouvelle reaction de couplage croise et represente un substrat approprie pour l'introduction d'une variete de substituants, via des reactions de couplage croise.
Effect of inulin and Dairy-Lo® as fat replacers on the quality of set type yogurt (2005)

Due to a lack of taste and texture low calorie dairy foods are not appreciated by consumers. Physical, chemical, textural and sensory properties of low-fat set style yogurts using Dairy-Lo® (DL), inulin (IN) and a combination of the two were investigated. During a 14 d storage period they were compared with whole-fat and low-fat yogurts. Whey separation of yogurts varied from 44 to 52% at day 1, and there was no significant change during storage. The low-fat yogurts had the lowest gel strength (p < 0.05), whereas at the end of the storage that of DL-yogurts was slightly higher than that of the other types of yogurts. Sensory properties were positively affected with the use of fat replacers. Use of DL in yogurts gave very promising sensory results. DL-, IN-, DL+IN-yogurts were presented smooth texture and good flavour. Even though the pH values of DL-yogurts declined, excessive sourness was not detected by the panellists at the end of the storage. The use of a blend of inulin and Dairy-Lo would result in an increased consumption of low fat yogurts with protein and fiber content of high nutritional value.
Computer-aided analysis and classification of heart sounds based on neural networks and time analysis (2002)

This paper describes a computer-aided heart sound analysis and classification system (CHACS) based on neural networks and time analysis. In this system, two subsystems in both time and frequency domains are proposed. In the first subsystem, a multilayer perceptron neural network is adopted to classify heart sound patterns. In the second subsystem, a set of heuristic rules is used to characterize heart sounds. The individual classification results of these two subsystems are combined to give the final suggestion. Using this system, heart sounds can be selectively stored, retrieved, enhanced, and replayed. Besides, the CHACS provides an online display of the heart beat rate and allows an objective and reliable classification of heart sounds. Experimental results show that a classification rate of 95.6% is obtained.
Alumina-Supported Pt-Rh Catalysts (1995)

Analytical electron microscopy was used in the preceding paper to determine the composition distribution of individual catalytically active particles on several supported Pt-Ph bimetallic catalysts. The kinetic performance of these catalysts for the reduction of NO with H2 and the reduction of NO with CO between 25 and 300°C is presented here. The performance of one catalyst that contained alloy particles with compositions centered at approximately 10 wt% Pt and 90 wt% Pt was intermediate to that observed for Pt and Rh monometallic catalysts. Additional catalysts were prepared to separately test the kinetic performance of Pt-rich and Rh-rich alloy particles. One catalyst that was prepared at a 95/5 weight ratio of Pt to Rh contained Pt-rich alloy particles in the composition range of 80 wt% Pt-100 wt% Pt. Another catalyst was prepared at a 17/83 weight ratio of Pt to Rh and contained mostly Rh-rich alloy particles in the composition range of 70 wt% Rh-100 wt% Ph. For both the NO-H2 and NO-CO reactions, the 95/5 catalyst displayed an activity greater than that expected from the sum of the alloy components. It is therefore concluded that for the Pt-rich alloy particles of the 95/5 catalyst, a synergistic effect due to particle alloying is present. The kinetic performance of the Rh-rich particles in the 17/83 catalyst was less favorable, and less than that expected from the sum of the alloy components for the NO-CO reaction.