gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of acetazolamide in patients with the sleep apnoea syndrome. (1988)

There is as yet no convincing evidence that acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is effective in obstructive sleep apnoea. A study was therefore designed to examine the effect of acetazolamide (250 mg/day) on sleep events and ventilatory control during wakefulness in nine patients with the sleep apnoea syndrome. In eight of the nine patients the apnoea index and the total duration of apnoea were reduced by acetazolamide, and the mean (SEM) apnoea index of all patients changed from 25.0 (6.7) to 18.1 (5.8) episodes an hour. Furthermore, the total time of arterial oxygen desaturation (SaO2)--more than 4% depression in SaO2 from the baseline sleeping level--divided by total sleep time was also significantly decreased and its mean (SEM) value improved from 24.1 (7.9) to 13.6 (4.8)% of total sleep time. Five of the seven patients with varying degrees of daytime hypersomnolence had their symptoms obviously improved. There was no patient whose predominant type of apnoea was converted from the obstructive to the central type, or vice versa. In the studies of wakefulness, metabolic acidosis, an increase of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and a decrease of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) were observed. The slopes of the occlusion pressure response and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide increased, and the carbon dioxide ventilatory response line shifted to the left. It is suggested that acetazolamide cannot remove apnoea completely but has a beneficial effect in mild cases of obstructive sleep apnoea through an augmentation of central (CO2, H+) drive and a stabilising effect on ventilatory control.
Lithium–Iron Fluoride Battery with In Situ Surface Protection (2016)

Lithium–metal fluoride (MF) batteries offer the highest theoretical energy density, exceeding that of the sulfur–lithium cells. However, conversion‐type MF cathodes suffer from high resistance, small capacity utilization at room temperature, irreversible structural changes, and rapid capacity fading with cycling. In this study, the successful application of the approach to overcome such limitations and dramatically enhance electrochemical performance of Li–MF cells is reported. By using iron fluoride (FeF 2 ) as an example, Li–MF cells capable of achieving near‐theoretical capacity utilization are shown when MF is infiltrated into the carbon mesopores. Most importantly, the ability of electrolytes based on the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt is presented to successfully prevent the cathode dissolution and leaching via in situ formation of a Li ion permeable protective surface layer. This layer forms as a result of electrolyte reduction/oxidation reactions during the first cycle of the conversion reaction, thus minimizing the capacity losses during cycling. Postmortem analysis shows the absence of Li dendrites, which is important for safer use of Li metal anodes. As a result, Li–FeF 2 cells demonstrate over 1000 stable cycles. Quantum chemistry calculations and postmortem analysis provide insights into the mechanisms of the passivation layer formation and the performance boost.
Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood: Best Available Evidence (2003)

The physician treating children with inflammatory bowel disease is confronted with a number of specific problems, one of them being the lack of randomized, controlled drug trials in children. In this review, the role of nutritional therapy is discussed with a focus on primary treatment, especially for children with Crohn's disease. Then, the available medical therapies are highlighted, reviewing the evidence of effectiveness and side effects in children, as compared with what is known in adults. Nutritional therapy has proven to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease while promoting linear growth. Conventional treatment consists of aminosalicylates and corticosteroids, whereas the early introduction of immunosuppressives (such as azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine) is advocated as maintenance treatment. If these drugs are not tolerated or are ineffective, methotrexate may serve as an alternative in Crohn's disease. Cyclosporine is an effective rescue therapy in severe ulcerative colitis, but only will postpone surgery. A novel strategy to treat Crohn's disease is offered by infliximab, a monoclonal antibody to the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Based on the best-available evidence, suggested usage is provided for separate drugs with respect to dosage and monitoring of side effects in children.
Fiber optical parametric oscillator for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2013)

We present a synchronously pumped fiber optical parametric oscillator for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Pulses from a 1 μm Yb-doped fiber laser are amplified and frequency converted to 779-808 nm through normal dispersion four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber. The idler frequency is resonant in the oscillator cavity, and we find that bandpass filtering the feedback is essential for stable, narrow-bandwidth output. Experimental results agree quite well with numerical simulations of the device. Transform-limited 2 ps pulses with energy up to 4 nJ can be generated at the signal wavelength. The average power is 180 mW, and the relative-intensity noise is much lower than that of a similar parametric amplifier. High-quality coherent Raman images of mouse tissues recorded with this source are presented.
Jack Mardin, 12 Years Old (1968)

New York, 14, 12--hike!"Jack Mardin took two steps toward his opponent, cut sharply to the right, and was running upfield in the clear.His long legs, well developed for his age, easily outdistanced the opposition."Here, Benny, here!" he shouted frantically over his right shoulder.The worn, leather football arced uncertainly from Benny Butler's fingertips, wobbled in midnight, and fell harmlessly short."Gol-I-l-y, Benny," Jack scolded after he had joined his four teammates in he huddle."J was wide open.Can't ya ever throw a ball right?"Benny Butler spit at the ground and wiped his face with his torn, sweaty T-shirt."Man, they were all over me.""Ya goUa run outta the pocket," Jack insisted."Let me run the next play."The players agreed.They knew he was the best quarterback Livingston's seventh grade class had produced since Reed Mardin."Terry, Jimmy--ya guys take six steps an' crisscross.Benny, ya lay back an' block.""New York, 12, 18, 14,. .."Jack Mardin eyed the defender expertly.Larry Pierce, the pudgy redhead covering Terry, was slow.Terry could beat him easily."Hike->!"The ball flip-flopped hack into Jack's hands.He gripped the smooth leather tightly with his right hand, and stepped back quickly, as he has seen his brother do many times.Ronnie Duncan was rushing in.Jack waited to the last possible moment, and then, copying his hrother's well-known style, cut to the left suddenly, leaving Ronnie Duncan sprawled on the sunhurned-yellow grass.Terry had left Larry Pierce safely behind him and was streaking for Mr. Lipkins' backyard.Jack set his right foot
MONET: Multiview Semi-Supervised Keypoint Detection via Epipolar Divergence (2019)

This paper presents MONET-an end-to-end semi-supervised learning frameworkfor a keypoint detector using multiview image streams. In particular, we consider general subjects such as non-human species where attaining a large scale annotated dataset is challenging. While multiview geometry can be used to self-supervise the unlabeled data, integrating the geometry into learning a keypoint detector is challenging due to representation mismatch. We address this mismatch by formulating a new differentiable representation of the epipolar constraint called epipolar divergence-a generalized distance from the epipolar lines to the corresponding keypoint distribution. Epipolar divergence characterizes when two view keypoint distributions produce zero reprojection error. We design a twin network that minimizes the epipolar divergence through stereo rectification that can significantly alleviate computational complexity and sampling aliasing in training. We demonstrate that our framework can localize customized keypoints of diverse species, e.g., humans, dogs, and monkeys.
A transparent session migration and transparent fail-over protocol for PPPoE server cluster (2004)

Recently, many LAN sockets service are provided in various areas. We presented the implementation and its evaluation of the authorized LAN socket system with PPPoE in previous works. Since most PCs have 100Mbps Ethernet port, one PPPoE server can only serve small number of clients because ordinary server has at most 1Gbps Ethernet port. To cope with this limitation, we adopt the clustering technology for the PPPoE server, but PPPoE protocol lacks the features for a reliable cluster such as dynamic load balancing and transparent fail-over. We propose a PPPoE client migration scheme that works without modifying the client PPPoE module. We also implemented a sample server to show the scheme is capable of constructing PPPoE cluster with transparent session migration and transparent fail-over. The key issues are using "per session MAC address" for each client session and sharing the client informations among all server components. Our experimental system shows only one second stall during migration, this is enough to the Internet applications such as Web browser and streaming real-video.
An application towards the combination of augment reality and mobile guidance (2013)

In recent years, as the capabilities of smart phones increase, such as equipped with more powerful processors, a higher resolution camera, and sensors that are capable of tracking location and orientation, the implementation of augmented reality (AR) is becoming easier and applicable. Compared with navigation guidance, mobile guidance has more potential usability in it. In this paper, as an attempt towards the combination of augmented reality, navigation and guidance on modern smart phones, a prototype of AR guidance system is built in NTCU to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Bending Stiffness of Multiwall Sandwich (1983)

An analytical and experimental study was carried out to understand the extensional and flexural behavior of multiwall sandwich, a metallic insulation composed of alternate layers of flat and dimpled foil. The multiwall sandwich was structurally analyzed by using several simplifying assumptions combined with a finite element analysis. The simplifying assumptions made in this analysis were evaluated by bending and tensile tests. Test results validate the assumption that flat sheets in compression do not significantly contribute to the flexural stiffness of multiwall sandwich for the multiwall geometry tested. However, calculations show that thicker flat sheets may contribute significantly to bending stiffness and cannot be ignored. Results of this analytical approach compare well with test data; both show that the extensional stiffness of the dimpled sheet in he 0 deg direction is about 30 percent of that for a flat sheet, and that in the 45 deg direction, it is about 10 percent. The analytical and experimental multiwall bending stiffness showed good agreement for the particular geometry tested.
A new route to 2′ (3′)-O-alkyl purine nucleosides (1978)

The key intermediate, O6-ethylguanosine, was prepared via diazoethane alkylation of guanosine, and isolated in crystalline form in one step. In the presence of SnCl2, the compound reacts with diazomethane to give the 2′(3′)-O-methyl-O6-ethylguanosines in high yield. These are readily fractionated on a Dekker column. Subsequent removal of the O6-ethyl group in hot alkali gives the 2′(3′)-O-methyl guanosines. Other modifications of the heterocyclic base are described, including a new route to isoguanosine.
Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Cellulose:  An Interlaboratory Comparison (1998)

Oxygen isotope analysis of tree ring cellulose is hindered by the lack of a fast and reliable technique to measure δ<sup>18</sup>O at natural abundance levels. Most of the existing off-line techniques are not conducive to rapid generation of oxygen isotope data. Further, a comparison between oxygen isotope values of a cellulose sample measured using the different off-line techniques resulted in a discrepancy of 1.3‰. This discrepancy is a result of inconsistencies inherent to these techniques and the lack of a reliable cellulose oxygen isotope standard. We addressed these problems by analyzing a number of cellulose samples by three different analytical procedures. These include two relatively well established off-line methods (pyrolysis in nickel tubes and decomposition using mercury(II) chloride) and a recently proposed on-line method based on pyrolysis in the presence of glassy carbon in an elemental analyzer and the subsequent isotope analysis of carbon monoxide. We were successful in improving the reproducibility of the on-line method (σ<sub>n-1</sub> ≈0.2‰) to the extent that natural variations can be resolved and found a good agreement between the on-line and off-line methods, although the cellulose samples extracted from tree rings are subject to more scatter than the commercial cellulose samples. The on-line method may even allow determination of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O of a cellulose sample in a single run (from 29/28 and 30/28 ratios of CO).
The Synthesis of New Cubic Conductive Cu<sub>7-x</sub>O<sub>8-y</sub>MX (M=In, Sc, X=NO<sub>3</sub>, Cl) Compounds (1990)

New cubic conductive Cu 6 O 8- y MX (M=In, Sc, X=NO 3 , Cl) compounds were synthesized for the first time. These compounds were prepared in the thermal decomposition process of a mixed copper and metal-element nitrate and chloride solution. The decomposition temperatures of the Cu 6 O 8- y MNO 3 were raised by replacing the NO 3 - ion by the Cl - ion. The lattice constant of the cubic compound was related to the value of the ion radius of M and X.
Electrical and Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Filled Conductive Adhesive (2006)

Electronic assemblies rely heavily on soldering to attach components to the interconnect wiring on printed circuit boards and other types of substrates. In response to environmental legislation, the lead-tin alloys commonly used for soldering are being replaced with lead-free alloys and electrically conductive adhesives. Isotropic conductive adhesives (ICA) filled with metal particles are an alternative to solder reflow processing. ICA materials, however, require up to 80 wt% metal filler to achieve minimum electrical resistivity and the high loading content substantially degrades the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a new material based on C60 fullerenes (Bucky Balls) and graphite rolls have many novel properties. Replacing the metal particles with carbon nanotubes in ICA compositions has the potential benefits of being lead free, low process temperature, corrosion resistant, high electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength and lightweight. In this paper, new conductive adhesives were formulated by adding multiwall nanotubes (MWNT) as filler to epoxy. Different loadings of CNTs and mixing methods were used to make the new conductive adhesives. Contact resistance, volume resistivity, high frequency performance, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties were measured and compared with metal filled ICA and traditional solder paste
Development of packaging technologies for microsystems (2003)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited cardiovascular disorder of great genetic heterogeneity and has a prevalence of 0.1 - 0.2 % in the general population. Several hundred mutations in more than 27 genes, most of which encode sarcomeric structures, are associated with the HCM phenotype. Then, HCM is an extremely heterogeneous disease and several phenotypes have been described over the years. Originally only two phenotypes were considered, a more common, obstructive type (HOCM, 70 %) and a less common, non-obstructive type (HNCM, 30 %) (Maron BJ, et al. Am J Cardiol 48:418 -28, 1981). Wigle et al. (Circ 92:1680-92, 1995) considered three types of functional phenotypes: subaortic obstruction, midventricular obstruction and cavity obliteration. A leader american working group suggested that HCM should be defined genetically and not morphologically (Maron BJ, et al. Circ 113:1807-16, 2006). The European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases recommended otherwise a morphological classification (Elliott P, et al. Eur Heart J 29:270-6, 2008). Echocardiography is still the principal tool for the diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management of HCM. It is well known that the echocardiographic picture may have a clinical and prognostic impact. For this reason, in this article, we summarize the state of the art regarding the echocardiographic pattern of the HCM phenotypes and its impact on clinical course and prognosis.
The Unintended Consequences of Household Phosphate Bans (2015)

In 2010, seventeen US states implemented mandatory bans on the sale of phosphates in automatic dishwasher detergent, due to concern over the adverse effects that arise from excess phosphorus loads to our lakes, rivers, and streams.1 Excess phosphorus can lead to harmful algal blooms, excessive aquatic plant growth, and alterations to the composition of aquatic species, among other changes. Accordingly, the US EPA considers nutrient pollution to be one of the most important environmental challenges we face in the twenty-first century (USEPA 2009). Effectively and efficiently addressing this challenge requires a sound understanding of phosphorus control policies. We find that the effectiveness of these bans to reduce phosphorus pollution is highly dependent upon regulations that are in place at wastewater treatment facilities and that pre-existing regulations at certain wastewater treatment facilities render these bans ineffective precisely in the areas in which phosphorus pollution is most problematic.
Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice after Mucosal Immunization with Group B Streptococcus Type III Capsular Polysaccharide-Cholera Toxin B Subunit Conjugate Vaccine (2000)

Group B streptococci (GBS) colonize the female genital and rectal tracts and can cause invasive infection in susceptible newborns. An optimally effective GBS vaccine should induce mucosal and systemic immunity. In this study, we investigate the local and systemic immune responses to GBS type III capsular polysaccharide (CPS) after mucosal vaccination of mice via intranasal, peroral, rectal, and vaginal routes, with GBS type III CPS conjugated with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (GBS III CPS-rCTB). Cholera toxin (CT) was added as an adjuvant. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies to the CPS were tested in serum, lungs, and intestinal, rectal, and vaginal extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The conjugated CPS administered by intranasal, peroral, rectal, and vaginal routes was much more effective at inducing both mucosal and systemic antibody responses to GBS III CPS than was unconjugated CPS. The CPS-specific immune responses in various organs were dependent on the route of immunization. Generally, the highest levels of IgA and IgG were generated in the regions or sites of the conjugate exposure. Thus, intranasal vaccination elicited the highest anti-CPS IgA and IgG antibody levels in the lungs, whereas peroral administration in the intestinal site and vaginal vaccination elicited the highest antibody levels in the vagina. Rectal vaccination was superior to the other routes in inducing high antibody levels in the rectum. The four routes of mucosal vaccination also induced distant antibody responses to CPS. Rectal vaccination induced high specific IgA levels in the vagina and intestine, and oral administration induced high specific IgA levels in the lungs and rectum. All four routes of vaccination with the conjugate elicited similarly high levels of anti-CPS IgG in serum. Intranasal vaccination with different doses of the conjugate (10, 30, and 80 microg of CPS) did not have a significant influence on the anti-CPS specific antibody responses. Intranasal immunization induced better antibody responses when one dose of the conjugate was divided and given on three consecutive days compared to administration of the full dose on one occasion. In conclusion, rectal and vaginal vaccination may be the best way of stimulating anti-CPS immune responses in the rectal and vaginal tracts, while high levels of anti-CPS antibodies in the lungs can be achieved after intranasal administration. The vaccination regimen thus might influence the mucosal immune response to CPS. This conjugate may serve as an effective mucosal vaccine for preventing mucosal colonization and invasive infection caused by GBS.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Dihydrogen Cleavage by High‐Valent Metal Oxo Compounds: Experimental and Computational Studies. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Isolation and Characterization of Subunits of Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase Isozyme III and Reconstitution of the Holoenzyme (1996)

The separately cloned large and small subunits of AHAS isozyme III from Escherichia coli have been isolated and purified. The essentially pure small subunit (17 kDa ilvH product) was obtained by a procedure exploiting its low solubility. The large, catalytic subunit (62 kDa ilvI product) was isolated by standard techniques, to > or = 95% purity. The large subunit has low catalytic activity relative to holoenzyme (approximately 5%) but shows similar substrate specificity and qualitatively similar cofactor dependence and inhibition by a sulfonylurea herbicide. Its activity is insensitive to valine, and the protein does not bind valine. The small subunit binds valine with Kd = 0.2 mM. Reconstitution of the holoenzyme from its subunits leads to a complex with the properties of the native protein, including valine inhibition of activity with Ki = 12 microM. Reconstitution titrations confirm the 1:1 stoichiometry of subunit assembly and a tendency to dissociation (about 50% dissociation near 0.1 microM subunit). Size exclusion HPLC indicates that either subunit alone is largely monomeric, and that assembly of the holoenzyme (two large + two small subunits, 150-160 kDa) requires FAD. On the basis of its homology with pyruvate oxidase and pyruvate decarboxylase, we suggest that the active sites of AHAS III are located at the interface of a dimer of catalytic subunits. Our experiments suggest that such a dimer is not stable except in the presence of the small subunits. The association of valine with sites on the regulatory subunits presumably influences the active sites by an allosteric conformational effect.