gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discussion: Reporting and Calibration of Post-Bomb <sup>14</sup>C Data (2004)

The definitive paper by Stuiver and Polach (1977) established the conventions for reporting of radiocarbon data for chronological and geophysical studies based on the radioactive decay of 14 C in the sample since the year of sample death or formation. Several ways of reporting 14 C activity levels relative to a standard were also established, but no specific instructions were given for reporting nuclear weapons-testing (post-bomb) 14 C levels in samples. Because the use of post-bomb 14 C is becoming more prevalent in forensics, biology, and geosciences, a convention needs to be adopted. We advocate the use of fraction modern with a new symbol F 14 C to prevent confusion with the previously used Fm, which may or may not have been fractionation-corrected. We also discuss the calibration of post-bomb 14 C samples and the available data sets and compilations, but do not give a recommendation for a particular data set.
Photonic crystal fiber modal interferometers for accurate refractometry (2009)

We report on compact and simple refractive index sensors suitable for measuring indexes in the 1.320-1.432 range with high resolution. The devices are based on modal interference and consist of a stub of large-mode area photonic crystal fiber spliced to standard single mode fiber. In the splice regions the voids of the holey fiber are fully collapsed which allows the coupling and recombination of core and cladding modes. The devices are robust and highly stable over time. The interference patterns are observed in a broad wavelengths range. The devices operate in both reflection or in transmission mode.
swap test and Hong-Ou-Mandel effect are equivalent (2013)

We show that the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect from quantum optics is equivalent to the swap test, a quantum information primitive which compares two arbitrary states. We first derive a destructive swap test that does not need the ancillary qubit that appears in the usual quantum circuit. Then we study the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect for two photons meeting at a beam splitter and prove it is, in fact, an optical implementation of the destructive swap test. This result offers both an interesting simple realization of a powerful quantum information primitive and an alternative way to understand and analyze the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect.
Picosecond relaxation measurements by polarization spectroscopy in condensed phases (1978)

A frequency domain technique is demonstrated which permits the determination of the homogeneous linewidth and relaxation rates of inhomogeneously broadened transitions in crystals, liquids, and glasses. The density-matrix formalism is employed to explain the origins of the intensity-dependent dichroism and birefringence observed in these experiments and to extract the relevant relaxation times. The samples initially studied were liquid solutions of the organic dyes malachite green and 1,3\ensuremath{'} -diethyl-2,2\ensuremath{'} quinolylthiacarbocyanine iodide. The ground-state recovery times were found to be 1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 and 3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 ps, respectively, for the two dyes in water solution. The transverse relaxation times were estimated to be less than 0.02 ps. The present technique is compared to resonant Rayleigh-type three-wave mixing and to time-resolved spectroscopic techniques.
Antibodies against Progesterone Receptor from Chick Oviduct. Cross-Reactivity with Mammalian Progesterone Receptors (1982)

The highly purified, molybdate-stabilized '8-9-S' form of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor complexed with [3H]progesterone (Specific activity approximately equal to 10-12 nmol bound steroid/mg protein) was prepared according to the three-step method [Renoir et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 127,71-79] and 50-90 micrograms samples were injected into a goat and a rabbit. Specific antibodies were observed as early as 2 weeks following the first booster injection and increased considerably 12 weeks later after further booster injections. Results were similar in the two animals, with higher titers observed in the goat. Antibodies cross-reacted with the 'transformed' 4-S form of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor. They also cross-reacted with molybdate-stabilized 8-9-S progesterone receptors of mammalian species (obtained from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and from rabbit and mouse uteri), suggesting some evolutionary conservation of steroid hormone receptors. No cross-reaction was observed with chick oviduct oestradiol receptor and with chick plasma transcortin (a non-receptor progesterone-binding protein).
Relationship Between the Ribonucleic Acid-Synthesizing Capacity of Ultraviolet-Irradiated Newcastle Disease Virus and Its Ability to Induce Interferon (1971)

Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated Newcastle disease virus which has lost its infectivity but has the capacity to induce interferon also has the capacity to induce ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis both in vitro and early in infection in vivo. With large doses of UV irradiation, RNA-synthesizing capacity and interferon-inducing capacity are lost in parallel. Limited amounts of base-paired RNA associated with a transcriptive intermediate are involved in this RNA synthesis. These findings suggest the possibility that the single-stranded RNA of the UV-irradiated virus induces interferon by serving as a template for the synthesis of base-paired RNA. UV irradiation of the virus breaks down viral RNA but at a rate which is too slow to be a major cause of the loss of RNA-synthesizing capacity. Evidence is presented which suggests that less of the template RNA of the UV-irradiated virus is copied and that the product which is synthesized is smaller than that synthesized by nonirradiated virus.
The Adverse Effects of Ammonia on Chickens Including Resistance to Infection with Newcastle Disease Virus (1964)

Ammonia is a colorless, highly irritant gas with a specific gravity of 0.597. It is one of the products of bacterial deamination or reduction of nitrogenous substances. Recent changes in poultry management, such as winter rearing in confinement, reuse of litter, and an absence of roosts, have led to conditions favoring the continual release of ammonia from the litter into the air of the birds' environment. Anderson et al. (2) reported that reduced ventilation during winter months led to concentrations of ammonia as high as 50-100 parts per million (ppm) in the atmosphere of some commercial poultry houses in the North Central states. Bullis et al. (5) reported a keratoconjunctivitis of chickens observed in the diagnostic laboratory of the University of Massachusetts in 1943. The birds showed corneal lesions, a marked photophobia, rubbing of the eyes, and slight lacrimation. Reports from the flock owners on conditions associated with the outbreaks, together with the fact that no infectious agent could be demonstrated, suggested that the cause was environmental, particularly the ammonia in the houses. Faddoul and Ringrose (8) reproduced experimentally an ocular disorder clinically resembling, if not identical with, naturally occurring keratoconjunctivitis by exposing chickens for 5 weeks to a concentration of ammonia of 0.2%/o by volume (2000 ppm). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning in rabbits and cats was studied by Boyd et al. (4). They found that the naso-buccopharynx acted as a partial filter of ammonia, protecting the
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection usually responds well to antiretroviral treatment. (2005)

The primary objective of this retrospective study was to determine how many patients in routine practice who were treated with combination antiretroviral treatment reached HIV-1 RNA levels below 50-400 copies/ml in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Seventy-four antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients from five different centres in Germany, Italy, Sweden and the USA were included. Thirty-nine percent of the patients had a HIV-1-associated neurological disease and 53% of the patients had AIDS. HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma were quantified before and after approximately 3 months of treatment. At baseline, the median value of HIV-1 RNA in CSF was 4.12 log copies/ml (interquartile range (IQR): 3.28-4.85) and it decreased to < 1.70 log copies/ml (IQR: < 1.70-2.48; P < 0.001) after in median 3 months of treatment. Seventy-six percent of the patients had HIV-1 RNA levels below the limits of detection in CSF at follow-up, and 85% reached below 400 copies/ml. In plasma, 45% of the patients had levels of HIV-1 RNA below the limits of detection at follow-up and 80% reached below 400 copies/ml. The group of patients with a neurological disease had a significantly higher CSF viral load both at baseline and at follow-up compared with the neurologically asymptomatic patients. We conclude that the central nervous system (CNS) is usually not a 'sanctuary site', difficult to reach with combination antiretroviral treatment.
GAZE ESTIMATION USING SCLERA AND IRIS EXTRACTION (2011)

Tracking gaze of an individual provides important information in understanding the behavior of that person. Gaze tracking has been widely used in a variety of applications from tracking consumers gaze fixation on advertisements, controlling human-computer devices, to understanding behaviors of patients with various types of visual and/or neurological disorders such as autism. Gaze pattern can be identified using different methods but most of them require the use of specialized equipments which can be prohibitively expensive for some applications. In this dissertation, we investigate the possibility of using sclera and iris regions captured in a webcam sequence to estimate gaze pattern. The sclera and iris regions in the video frame are first extracted by using an adaptive thresholding technique. The gaze pattern is then determined based on areas of different sclera and iris regions and distances between tracked points along the irises. The technique is novel as sclera regions are often ignored in eye tracking literature while we have demonstrated that they can be easily extracted from images captured by low-cost camera and are useful in determining the gaze pattern. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated by experiments with human subjects.
Software data spreading (2010)

Single thread performance remains an important consideration even for multicore, multiprocessor systems. As a result, techniques for improving single thread performance using multiple cores have received considerable attention. This work describes a technique, software data spreading, that leverages the cache capacity of extra cores and extra sockets rather than their computational resources. Software data spreading is a software-only technique that uses compiler-directed thread migration to aggregate cache capacity across cores and chips and improve performance. This paper describes an automated scheme that applies data spreading to various types of loops. Experiments with a set of SPEC2000, SPEC2006, NAS, and microbenchmark workloads show that data spreading can provide speedup of over 2, averaging 17% for the SPEC and NAS applications on two systems. In addition, despite using more cores for the same computation, data spreading actually saves power since it reduces access to DRAM.
A Sequential Two-Step Algorithm for Fast Generation of Vehicle Racing Trajectories (2016)

The problem of maneuvering a vehicle through a race course in minimum time requires computation of both longitudinal (brake and throttle) and lateral (steering wheel) control inputs. Unfortunately, solving the resulting nonlinear optimal control problem is typically computationally expensive and infeasible for real-time trajectory planning. This paper presents an iterative algorithm that divides the path generation task into two sequential subproblems that are significantly easier to solve. Given an initial path through the race track, the algorithm runs a forward–backward integration scheme to determine the minimum-time longitudinal speed profile, subject to tire friction constraints. With this fixed speed profile, the algorithm updates the vehicle's path by solving a convex optimization problem that minimizes the resulting path curvature while staying within track boundaries and obeying affine, time-varying vehicle dynamics constraints. This two-step process is repeated iteratively until the predicted lap time no longer improves. While providing no guarantees of convergence or a globally optimal solution, the approach performs very well when validated on the Thunderhill Raceway course in Willows, CA. The predicted lap time converges after four to five iterations, with each iteration over the full 4.5 km race course requiring only 30 s of computation time on a laptop computer. The resulting trajectory is experimentally driven at the race circuit with an autonomous Audi TTS test vehicle, and the resulting lap time and racing line are comparable to both a nonlinear gradient descent solution and a trajectory recorded from a professional racecar driver. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is a viable option for online trajectory planning in the near future.
Toxicogenomics of nanoparticulate delivery of etoposide: potential impact on nanotechnology in retinoblastoma therapy (2010)

To develop a suitable formulation with high entrapment efficiency, etoposide-loaded poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) were formulated by single emulsion-solvent evaporation method by changing different formulation parameters such as drug loading, choice of organic solvent and percentage of emulsifier polyvinyl alcohol. The NPs showed higher entrapment efficiency, ~86% (with 15% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) drug loading). The physicochemical parameters revealed smooth topology with size range (240-320 nm), a negative zeta potential (~19 mV) and in vitro sustained-release activity (~60% drug release in 40 days). Greater anti-proliferative activity ~100 times was observed with NPs (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.002 μg/ml) than that of native etoposide (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.2 μg/ml) in retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79). These NPs demonstrated greater (G1/S) blocking and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential as measured by flow cytometry. There was upregulation of apoptotic gene activity in NPs than native etoposide, as revealed through microarray analysis. However, this is the first ever report demonstrating the intricate modulation of genetic network affected by NPs. Collectively, these results suggest that etoposide-loaded NPs could be potentially useful as a novel drug delivery system for retinoblastoma in the future. FigureNanoparticle-mediated etoposide delivery promotes apoptosis through upregulating several apoptotic inducer genes.
A digital chip with adaptive equalizer for PRML detection in hard-disk drives (2002)

Partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) detector chips are used in magnetic hard-disk drives. This paper describes the digital chip in a two-chip, 64 Mb/s PRML detector for magnetic hard-disk drives that use multi-zoned, variable-data-rate recording and embedded servo information. This PRML detector is incorporated in a high-capacity disk drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-area compatible fabrication and encapsulation of inkjet-printed humidity sensors on flexible foils with integrated thermal compensation (2013)

This work presents the simultaneous fabrication of ambient relative humidity (RH) and temperature sensors arrays, inkjet-printed on flexible substrates and subsequently encapsulated at foil level. These sensors are based on planar interdigitated capacitors with an inkjet-printed sensing layer and meander-shaped resistors. Their combination allows the compensation of the RH signals variations at different temperatures. The whole fabrication of the system is carried out at foil level and involves the utilization of additive methods such as inkjet-printing and electrodeposition. Electrodeposition of the printed lines resulted in an improvement of the thermoresistors. The sensors have been characterized and their performances analyzed. The encapsulation layer does not modify the performances of the sensors in terms of sensitivity or response time. This work demonstrates the potential of inkjet-printing in the large-area fabrication of light-weight and cost-efficient gas sensors on flexible substrates.
Error bounded regular algebraic spline curves (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Error bounded regular algebraic spline curves Authors: Chandrajit L. Bajaj Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, Austin, TXView Profile , Guoliang Xu State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, ICMSEC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, ICMSEC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingView Profile Authors Info & Claims SCG '99: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual symposium on Computational geometryJune 1999 Pages 332–340https://doi.org/10.1145/304893.304987Online:13 June 1999Publication History 0citation256DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads256Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Preparation of Substituted 1-Picryl-2,2-diphenylhydrazyl Free Radicals<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Substituted 1-Picryl-2,2-diphenylhydrazyl Free Radicals1MABEL M. CHEN, AMEDEO F. D'ADAMO Jr., and ROBERT I. WALTERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2721–2727Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01066a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anti-patterns in search-based program repair (2016)

Search-based program repair automatically searches for a program fix within a given repair space. This may be accomplished by retrofitting a generic search algorithm for program repair as evidenced by the GenProg tool, or by building a customized search algorithm for program repair as in SPR. Unfortunately, automated program repair approaches may produce patches that may be rejected by programmers, because of which past works have suggested using human-written patches to produce templates to guide program repair. In this work, we take the position that we will not provide templates to guide the repair search because that may unduly restrict the repair space and attempt to overfit the repairs into one of the provided templates. Instead, we suggest the use of a set of anti-patterns --- a set of generic forbidden transformations that can be enforced on top of any search-based repair tool. We show that by enforcing our anti-patterns, we obtain repairs that localize the correct lines or functions, involve less deletion of program functionality, and are mostly obtained more efficiently. Since our set of anti-patterns are generic, we have integrated them into existing search based repair tools, including GenProg and SPR, thereby allowing us to obtain higher quality program patches with minimal effort.
Trialkylpyrrolidinetriones (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrialkylpyrrolidinetrionesGlenn S. Skinner and James F. Perkins Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 12, 5569–5573Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01168a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01168a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrodeposition of magnetic materials for thin-film heads (1990)

Electrodeposition processes have been extensively used in thin-film head fabrication. Extremely fine features can be produced using photolithographic pattern definition followed by electroplating. Permalloy has been exclusively used for the pole material. Some critical aspects, such as film composition, magnetostriction, and stress level, were found to have a significant effect on head performance. Attempts were made to produce single-domain pole structures by lamination to eliminate output instability caused by nonrepeatable domain wall motions. Alternative improvements were brought about by increasing H/sub k/ and thus reducing the size of the closure domains. Electroplated CoFe and CoFe ternary alloy thin films were found to have very high saturation magnetization ( approximately 1.9 T). The CoFe ternary alloy has rotatable anisotropy. Higher permeability can be obtained by electroplating under an alternatingly switched field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>