gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of configuration and conformation in the binding of 2,3‐benzodiazepines to human serum albumin (1989)

2,3-Benzodiazepines containing a centre of asymmetry at C-5 possess both central and helical chiralities, and the solution of their racemates contains four molecular species. The binding of these compounds to human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by affinity chromatography. The binding strength depended both on the steric orientation of the 5-ethyl substituent and on the conformation of the diazepine ring. Conformation P (defined by the positive sign of C-1-N-2-N-3-C-4 torsion angle) is favoured, while the quasiaxial orientation of the 5-ethyl substituent is not favoured by the albumin molecule.
Site specific constraints on shell selection behavior in the hermit crab,<i>Clibanarius vittatus</i> (1992)

Site‐specific constraints on shell selection behavior in the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus were studied with both laboratory and field experiments at two sites along the Louisiana coast. At both sites, crabs selected larger Stramonita haemastoma shells in field experiments. Although discarded shells were often no smaller than selected shells, they did show heavy damage by predators. Crabs in both populations inhabited shells that were on average larger than those of living 5. haemastoma as well as those discarded in experiments. Although these results suggest that larger, undamaged shells may be a limiting resource, crabs collected from a site with few intermediate sized 5. haemastoma actually selected smaller shells in the laboratory. Clibanarius vittatus also selected the stronger, higher spired shell of S. haemastoma over Polinices duplicatus in both laboratory and field experiments, suggesting predation risk plays a role in shell choice. Although crabs in P. duplicatus shells were no more vulnerable in laboratory experiments to the stone crab, Menippe adina, they may be more vulnerable to other, less effective predators, or prone to dessication stress. Taken together, these results suggest that site‐specific constraints on shell selection behavior exist. Size preferences may depend on the size distributions and dynamics of gastropods, or the predators that produce empty gastropod shells. Sites with higher abundances of crabs may also have a higher fraction of individuals forced to occupy less preferred shells like P. duplicatus. These site‐specific constraints may be just as important as differences in shell architecture in explaining shell use patterns.
Locus-specific Changes in Cell Wall Composition Characteristic of Osmotic Mutants of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1969)

The osmotic phenotype of Neurospora crassa is characterized by inhibition of growth at high osmolalities of growth medium. Mutations at six osmotic loci of linkage group I were examined to assess the biochemical and physiological effects of these mutants. Isolated cell walls from 23 osmotic strains were compared with the wild type with regard to quantitative levels of the following components: percentage of total dry weight, total glucose, alkali-soluble glucose, nonglucose carbohydrates, amino acids, glucosamine, galactosamine, and a compound tentatively identified as quinovosamine. The last component has not previously been observed in N. crassa cell walls. Although the cell wall dry weight content of osmotic mutants was not altered, walls isolated from all of the osmotic strains had less alkali-insoluble glucose than those from the wild type. In addition, all of the loci except cut exhibited other consistent differences from the wild type. The os-1, os-3, and os-5 mutants had low levels of alkali-soluble glucose. The os-3 and os-5 mutants had high levels of nonglucose carbohydrates, and flm-2 had a low level of nonglucose carbohydrates. The os-4 mutants had low levels of galactosamine and amino acids and high levels alkali-soluble glucose. An os-1 mutant, B135, produced less of the whole alkali-soluble fraction of the cell wall.
Comparison of BrdU and cyclin A as markers of the S‐phase in oral precancerous lesions (2000)

A study comparing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and cyclin A as markers of cells in the S-phase in oral precancerous lesions was performed. These were also compared with the growth fraction (GF) as assessed by Ki-67. Biopsies of 15 lesions were obtained, presenting clinically as leukoplakia or erythroplakia of the lateral tongue or floor of mouth. Half of each biopsy was incubated in BrdU and routinely fixed and processed. Sequential sections from each block were cut and stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against the following proteins: BrdU, Ki-67 and cyclin A. Stained sections were quantified and the labelling indices (LI) expressed per 100 of the total nucleated cell population (%) and per millimetre basement length (/mm). The mean LI% for BrdU was 11.24% (SD 2.83), for cyclin A it was 12.76% (SD 3.88) and the GF% was 29.25% (SD 11.88). The mean LI/mm for BrdU was 40.93/mm (SD 11.88), for cyclin A it was 47.59/mm (SD 18.28) and the GF/mm was 110.72/mm (SD 49.30). The BrdU and cyclin A indices were significantly correlated with each other. In the more dysplastic cases, the cyclin A LI was quantitatively much larger than that for BrdU, suggesting that the protein was being overexpressed. It was concluded that as a tool to study the kinetic aspects of the cell cycle in dysplastic lesions cyclin A was limited by the fact that it is overexpressed. In minimally dysplastic lesions and normal epithelia, however, cyclin A may be a viable alternative to BrdU for the study of the S-phase.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME NOVEL LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PERHYDRO‐6‐CYCLOHEXYL‐2‐NAPHTHALENOL DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Die optisch aktiven Cyclohexyldekaline (VI) werden ausgehend vom Enamin (I) auf dem angegebenen Weg hergestellt.
Immunocytochemical Diagnosis of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (2015)

Clinical examination can lead to misdiagnosis of LSCD. Immunocytochemical detection of K7/K13 on corneal ECs collected by IC is reproducible, noninvasive, and highly effective in this indication, but without any quantification of the degree of the disease. This time-consuming technique requires skilled technicians and laboratory facilities, reserving it for planned limbal reconstruction.
Concurrent Object Recognition and Segmentation by Graph Partitioning (2002)

Segmentation and recognition have long been treated as two separate processes. We propose a mechanism based on spectral graph partitioning that readily combine the two processes into one. A part-based recognition system detects object patches, supplies their partial segmentations and knowledge about the spatial configurations of the object. The goal of patch grouping is to find a set of patches that conform best to the object configuration. This process is integrated with the pixel grouping based on low-level feature similarity, through pixel-patch interactions and patch competition that is encoded as constraints in the solution space. The globally optimal partition is obtained by solving a constrained eigenvalue problem. We demonstrate that the resulting object segmentation eliminates local false positives at the high level of part detection, while overcoming occlusion and weak contours at the low level of edge detection.
Direct approach to measuring the Franck-Condon barrier to electron transfer between metal ions (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect approach to measuring the Franck-Condon barrier to electron transfer between metal ionsCarol Creutz and Henry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 14, 3988–3989Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01042a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01042a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3423Altmetric-Citations735LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>KrF excimer laser with repetition rates of 1 kHz for DUV lithography</title> (1995)

Advanced DUV lithography tools are adapting scanning methods in order to match the increasing demands on throughput, field size, and resolution. The demands on the laser source are changing for both the reflective and the refractive Step&Scan tools. The cost-effective operation of such lithography tool requires 248 nm excimer laser with high power and repetition rates of >= 1 kHz. Precise dose control of the exposure demands not only high repetition rates but also excellent stability of the laser output energy. The combination of the new NovaTube technology laser tube design with the LITHO line narrowing optics design allows 1 kHz operation of the excimer laser with high stability.
Rolling Shutter Camera Synchronization with Sub-millisecond Accuracy (2017)

A simple method for synchronization of video streams with a precision better than one millisecond is proposed. The method is applicable to any number of rolling shutter cameras and when a few photographic flashes or other abrupt lighting changes are present in the video. The approach exploits the rolling shutter sensor property that every sensor row starts its exposure with a small delay after the onset of the previous row. The cameras may have different frame rates and resolutions, and need not have overlapping fields of view. The method was validated on five minutes of four streams from an ice hockey match. The found transformation maps events visible in all cameras to a reference time with a standard deviation of the temporal error in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 milliseconds. The quality of the synchronization is demonstrated on temporally and spatially overlapping images of a fast moving puck observed in two cameras.
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses (2005)

Learn how to master the latest digital theories and expert practices in the art and science of computer graphics. In quick tutorials, half-day sessions, and full-day courses, academic and industry specialists teach topics that deepen understanding, encourage exploration, and immediately enhance real-world skills.
Peripheral Nociception Associated With Surgical Incision Elicits Remote Nonischemic Cardioprotection Via Neurogenic Activation of Protein Kinase C Signaling (2009)

Nontraumatic nociceptive preconditioning represents a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection with great potential clinical utility.
Complexity-effective superscalar processors (1997)

This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
Adeno-Associated Viral Vector-Mediated Hypoxia-Inducible Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice (2006)

Exogenous expression of VEGF through AAVH9-VEGF gene transfer 5 days before the onset of ischemia provides neuroprotection. Hypoxia-responsive element is a viable strategy of restricting VEGF expression to areas of ischemia to minimize adverse effects of therapy on adjacent normal parenchyma.
Proteases in <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i> Pathogenesis: Potential as Drug Targets (2013)

TB is still a major global health problem causing over 1 million deaths per year. An increasing problem of drug resistance in the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as problems with the current lengthy and complex treatment regimens, lends urgency to the need to develop new antitubercular agents. Proteases have been targeted for therapy in other infections, most notably these have been successful as antiviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection. M. tuberculosis has a number of proteases with good potential as novel drug targets and developing drugs against these should result in agents that are effective against drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains. In this review, the authors summarize the current status of proteases with potential as drug targets in this pathogen, particularly focusing on proteases involved in protein secretion (signal peptidases LepB and LspA), protein degradation and turnover (ClpP and the proteasome) and virulence (mycosins and HtrA).
Dual-energy X-ray imaging: benefits and limits (2007)

Both in radiographic and tomographic mode, conventional X-ray imaging provides information about the examined object which is not sufficient to characterise it precisely. The dual-energy X-ray technique, which works by combining two radiographs acquired at two distinct energies, permits to obtain both density and atomic number, thus information about material composition. Available systems usually perform energetic separation at the source level, but separation at the detector level is also possible for linear detectors, especially those devoted to translating objects control. Dual-energy equations can be easily written and solved for monochromatic energy spectra and perfect detectors, but become complex when considering realistic spectra, detector sensitivity, and system non-linearity. The decomposition onto a material basis, using experimental dual-material calibration, allows an approximated system to be solved, while eliminating the effects of disturbances such as beam hardening. More generally, we analyse the various problems to be solved before benefiting from the dual-energy approach, and propose available solutions. We evaluate the influence of noise on the accuracy of results, which strongly influences the capability to distinguish materials. We review the aspects to be optimised when considering a specific industrial problem. Numerical simulation is an efficient tool for optimal system design. Various industrial applications are considered.
Cover Picture: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 20/2002 (2002)

The cover picture shows a series of 19F NMR spectra taken every hour during the monitoring of a time-course experiment after addition of 5′-fluoro-5′-deoxyadenosine (5′-FDA) to a cell-free extract of Streptomyces cattleya. This bacterium has the unusual capacity to biosynthesise organofluorine compounds from inorganic fluoride. The 19F NMR spectra illustrate that 5′-FDA is a true intermediate in the biosynthesis of fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine. Other intermediates such as fluoroacetaldehyde are also observed for the first time. In a separate experiment, inorganic fluoride was converted into fluoroacetate, thus indicating that all of the enzymes involved in the fluoroacetate biosynthesis pathway are active in the cell-free extract. These experiments report the first cell-free biotransformations of inorganic fluoride into fluoroacetate, the most ubiquitous organic fluorine natural product, and pave the way for a biotechnological approach to organofluorine synthesis. Full details are described by O'Hagan and co-workers on p. 3913 ff.
Thin-Film Formation by Spin Coating: Characteristics of a Positive Photoresist (1995)

Thin-film formation of a positive photoresist was investigated experimentally in terms of weight loss and temperature shift of the photoresist solution on a glass wafer during the spinning process. The former is analyzed by gravimetry and the latter by thermometry. The results show that weight loss of the photoresist solution is dominated mainly by outflow and is influenced only slightly by the evaporation of the solvent during the spinning process. Furthermore, film uniformity has been improved by a large quantity of radial flow, during which the solution behaved as a Newtonian fluid, at the middle stages of the spinning process. Film uniformity is degraded by non-Newtonian flow and the temperature difference in the glass wafer at the later stages of the spinning process. Consequently, a most suitable spinning time (minimum thickness deviation) exists for each spin velocity.
Binary arithmetic coding with key-based interval splitting (2006)

Binary arithmetic coding involves recursive partitioning the range [0,1) in accordance with the relative probabilities of occurrence of the two input symbols. We describe a modification of this approach in which the overall length within the range [0,1) allocated to each symbol is preserved, but the traditional assumption that a single contiguous interval is used for each symbol is removed. A key known to both the encoder and decoder is used to describe where the intervals are "split" prior to encoding each new symbol. The repeated splitting has the effect of both scrambling the intervals and altering their lengths, thereby allowing both encryption and compression to be obtained simultaneously.
A study of the relation between surface alignment of polymers and liquid‐crystal pretilt angle (1995)

Abstract— Liquid‐crystal molecules on a rubbed‐polymer alignment layer are oriented at a polar angle tilted away from the surface, but the physical reason for this pretilt is not clearly understood. We have developed a new method to determine the three‐dimensionally tilted direction of the polymer by precise measurement of the optical retardation. By using this method, we determined the inclination angle of the polymer molecules near the surface of the polymer as a function of rubbing strength. Three kinds of polymers were investigated, including one main‐chain type (low pretilt) and two side‐chain types (high‐pretilt and homeotropic alignment). The mechanism of pretilt generation is determined by comparing the relation between the inclination angle of the polymers and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystals.
Orientation‐Dependent Arrangement of Antisite Defects in Lithium Iron(II) Phosphate Crystals (2008)

Aggregated antisite cations of iron (see picture, red) in the lithium sites of doped lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) are arranged preferentially along the b axis. To probe the peculiar array of the defects, Z-contrast STEM with a spherical-aberration correction is utilized. The images obtained using Z-contrast STEM suggest that the distribution of antisite defects in LiFePO4 can be adjusted for improved lithium ion transport. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE EFFLUENT USING TREATED BAGASSE (2016)

This research work is aimed at the investigation of the reduction of concentration of heavy metals from industrial Effluent water using sulphuric and acetic acid treated Bagasse. This was achieved by varying the concentration of the acids between 0.3M - 0.6M. This report discusses the treatment of Bagasse and the methodology of treating the industrial effluent water using the treated Bagasse as an adsorbent. The treated water samples were analysed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the concentration of heavy metals present after treatment. The results obtained shows that 0.3M-0.6M sulphuric and acetic treated Bagasse were successful in the reduction of the concentration of heavy metals, with 0.4M-0.5M sulphuric and acetic acid treated Bagasse been the most effective because it has the lowest concentration of heavy metals after treatment and this implies that more active sites were opened for adsorption at this concentration. This research work has proved that treated Bagasse is an effective adsorbent in the reduction of the concentration of heavy metals in industrial effluent water.
The synthesis of diarylnitrones (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of diarylnitronesPaul R. West and Gary C. DavisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 21, 5176–5180Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00282a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00282a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts