gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downlink dynamic resource allocation for multi-cell OFDMA system (2004)

This paper presents an OFDMA radio resource control (RRC) scheme where dynamic resource allocation is realized at both a radio network controller (RNC) and base stations (BTSs). The scheme is semi-distributed in the sense that the RNC coordinates the mutual interference (inter-cell) at a super-frame level, whereas each BTS makes faster frame-level channel assignment decision based on the resources' utility value to the users. Another contribution of the paper is a set of computationally efficient (linear-time) algorithms that perform dynamic channel allocation at the RNC and BTSs. Simulations show that the algorithm yields excellent performance for both real-time and non real-time services, even under very fast fading.
Fundamental Cooling Limits for High Power Density Gallium Nitride Electronics (2015)

The peak power density of GaN high-electron-mobility transistor technology is limited by a hierarchy of thermal resistances from the junction to the ambient. Here, we explore the ultimate or fundamental cooling limits for junction-to fluid cooling, which are enabled by advanced thermal management technologies, including GaN-diamond composites and nanoengineered heat sinks. Through continued attention to near-junction resistances and extreme flux convection heat sinks, heat fluxes beyond 300 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> from individual 2-μm gates and 10 kW/cm2 from the transistor footprint will be feasible. The cooling technologies under discussion here are also applicable to thermal management of 2.5-D and 3-D logic circuits at lower heat fluxes.
Salt regulation of transcript levels for the c subunit of a leaf vacuolar H<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase in the halophyte <i>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum</i> (1996)

The halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is an inducible crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant native to seasonally arid coastal environments that has been widely used to study plant responses to environmental stress. On exposure of plants to salt, the activities of both the tonoplast (vacuolar) H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) and Na+/H+ antiporter increase in leaf cells, thereby energizing vacuolar salt accumulation. To investigate the molecular basis of this response, a cDNA (Vmac1) encoding the H(+)-conducting c subunit (16.6 kDa) of an M. crystallinum V-ATPase has been cloned. Northern analysis of RNA from leaves of plants treated with NaCl or with isoosmotic mannitol solutions demonstrated (i) that NaCl increased steady-state transcript levels for the V-ATPase c subunit, and (ii) that this effect was caused by the ionic rather than the osmotic component of salt stress. Southern analysis of genomic DNA suggested the probable existence of more than one gene for this subunit of the V-ATPase in M. crystallinum. Expression studies using the 3'-untranslated region of the Vmac1 cDNa as a probe showed that the corresponding salt-inducible transcript was preferentially expressed in leaves. Induction by salt was also observed in juvenile plants in addition to adult ones. These findings, as well as the inability of mannitol to upregulate mRNA levels for this gene, clearly differentiate between the induction of transcript for the V-ATPase c subunit and for genes involved in the CAM pathway in M. crystallinum. Further, the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) was able to mimic the effect of salt on transcript levels for the V-ATPase c subunit, suggesting the possible involvement of ABA in a distinct signal-transduction pathway linked to vacuolar salt accumulation in this highly salt-tolerant species.
Spectrum sensing with active cognitive systems (2010)

Spectrum sensing is critical for cognitive systems to locate spectrum holes. In the IEEE 802.22 proposal, short quiet periods are arranged inside frames to perform a coarse intra-frame sensing as a pre-alarm for fine inter-frame sensing. However, the limited sample size of the quiet periods may not guarantee a satisfying performance and an additional burden of quiet-period synchronization is required. To improve the sensing performance, we first propose a quiet-active sensing scheme in which inactive customer-provided equipments (CPEs) will sense the channels in both the quiet and active periods. To avoid quiet-period synchronization, we further propose to utilize (optimized) active sensing, in which the quiet periods are replaced by 'quiet samples' in other domains, such as quiet sub-carriers in OFDMA systems. By doing so, we not only save the need for synchronization, but also achieve selection diversity by choosing quiet sub-carriers based on channel conditions. The proposed active sensing scheme is also promising for spectrum sharing applications where both the cognitive and primary systems can be active simultaneously.
Engineering crystallinity of atomic layer deposited gate stacks containing ultrathin HfO2 and a Ti-based metal gate: Effects of postmetal gate anneal and integration schemes (2014)

In this study, the authors examined the effects of different annealing schemes on crystallinity in atomic layer deposition (ALD) grown Ti-containing metal gates and ultrathin ALD HfO2 high-k dielectric layers, and corresponding electrical results in metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) devices. The authors investigated the effect of a postmetal deposition anneal (PMA) on the underlying HfO2, which was deposited using either a standard ALD process or a process which utilized a cyclical deposition and annealing scheme (termed DADA). The effect of the starting substrate surface, either chemically grown SiO2 or H-terminated Si, on HfO2 crystallinity was also studied. For 40 cycle ALD HfO2 (∼32 Å) with a TiN overlayer, a transition from an amorphous state to a cubic phase was observed with the application of a PMA treatment. Evidence of the orthorhombic phase of HfO2 with some level of texturing was observed for 40 cycle DADA processed films annealed with a TiN cap. Concomitantly a cubic (111) texture was observed for TiN deposited on DADA processed HfO2 and subjected to a PMA. Suppression of crystallinity for HfO2 deposited on H-terminated Si and annealed with a TiN layer was observed which illustrates the need for an adequate nucleation layer for uniform grain growth and increased atomic ordering. The authors also investigated metal gate stacks with a bilayer of TiN overlying Ti which showed reflections from both cubic TiN and hexagonal TiN0.3 in the as-deposited state and after annealing clear evidence of silicidation (TiSix) was observed. In MOSCAP structures with 40 cycle ALD HfO2 and a TiN overlayer subjected to a PMA, although the cubic phase of HfO2 was stabilized, there was no associated improvement in device scaling. This study highlights the importance of the initial crystalline state and nucleation of HfO2 as well as the thermal stability of the capping metal layer material when engineering dielectric layer crystallinity by means of a postmetal cap anneal. For ultrathin HfO2 integrated in advanced metal oxide semiconductor structures, the benefits of the stabilization of a higher-k phase through postmetal gate anneal may not be fully realized due to increased leakage along grain boundaries or decrease in effective k due to changes in the lower-k interfacial layer.
An Improved Synthesis of YC-1 (1998)

A concise synthesis of YC-1 has been achieved in ten-fold enhanced yield over the previously reported method. This new, flexible strategy should readily allow the automated parallel synthesis of analogues.
Genomic analyses of Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveal an association of the gonococcal genetic island with antimicrobial resistance (2016)

Evolution of the gonococcal genome occurs in response to antimicrobial selective pressure resulting in the formation of distinct N. gonorrhoeae populations evidenced by the wgMLST clusters seen here. Genomic islands offer selective advantages to host bacteria and possession of the GGI may, not only facilitate the spread of AMR in gonococcal populations, but may also confer fitness advantages.
New Approach to a High-Power GTO PWM Inverter for AC Motor Drives (1987)

A control method for GTO PWM inverter parallel-set operation and a new protection system for prevention of short-circuit faults caused by turn-off failure, both to realize a high-power drive system are described. Timing control of GTO gate pulse command provided by a feedback loop, and a reactor at the output of the inverter can minimize the cross current flowing between inverters and can balance the output current of each inverter in inverter parallel-set operation. This method eliminates the necessity of selecting GTO's of equal characteristics, and can apply to parallel-set operation of three or more inverters. The new protection system judges the on and off states of the GTO from the GTO gate-cathode voltage and detects turn-off failure of the GTO. This method positively stops the inverter system safely and reliably upon turn-off failure of the GTO. Experiments are carried out on a 30-kVA inverter and two sets of 450-kVA GTO inverters.
Analysis of blocking probability for distributed lightpath establishment in WDM optical networks (2005)

In this paper, we analyze the blocking probability of distributed lightpath establishment in wavelength-routed WDM networks by studying the two basic methods: destination-initiated reservation (DIR) and source-initiated reservation (SIR). We discuss three basic types of connection blocking: 1) blocking due to insufficient network capacity; 2) blocking due to outdated information; and 3) blocking due to over-reservation. It is shown that the proposed models are highly accurate for both the DIR and the SIR methods, in both the regular and irregular network topologies, under the whole range of traffic loads.
Both Max and TFE3 Cooperate with Smad Proteins to Bind the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promoter, but They Have Opposite Effects on Transcriptional Activity (2003)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta regulates gene expression in large part through combinatorial interactions between members of the Smad family and other transcription factors. The basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZIP) protein TFE3 and Smad3 synergistically activate transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as other genes. We investigated interactions among different bHLHZIP and Smad family proteins. TFE3, TFEB, and Max associated with Smad3 and Smad4 in the absence of DNA and at the PE2.1 element of the PAI-1 promoter. These interactions were mediated by the leucine zipper and MH1 regions of the respective proteins. No interactions were observed with the E47 bHLH family protein. Chimeric proteins, in which leucine zippers from bHLHZIP or bZIP proteins were fused to heterologous bHLH domains, associated with Smad proteins both in the absence of DNA and at the PE2.1 element. The kinetics of bHLHZIP and Smad protein binding at the PE2.1 element were examined using surface plasmon resonance analysis. TFE3 exhibited cooperative DNA binding with Smad proteins, whereas no cooperativity was observed between E47 and Smads. Max inhibited transcription activation by Smad3 and TGF-beta at the PAI-1 promoter, whereas TFE3 and TFEB stimulated transcription activation. These results suggest that Smad family proteins can interact with several bHLHZIP proteins, resulting in different transcriptional outcomes.
Expression patterns of E‐cadherin, involucrin, and connexin gap junction proteins in the lining epithelia of inflamed gingiva (2000)

The structural integrity and functional differentiation of the lining epithelium were studied in relation to inflammatory changes associated with destructive periodontitis. In the different regions of lining epithelia from clinically healthy gingiva and periodontitis, comparisons were made of the expression patterns of E-cadherin, which is critical in intercellular adhesion; of proteins associated with gap junction communication channels; and of involucrin, which is a key marker of differentiation in stratified epithelia. Filamentous actin (F-actin), which is important in cell structural integrity, attachment, and migration, was also examined. Semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in both clinically healthy gingiva and lesions of advanced periodontitis, expression patterns of E-cadherin, involucrin, and connexins 26 and 43 were similar, with a statistically significant reduction in staining intensity from the external oral epithelium, through the gingival sulcus, to the junctional epithelium or pocket epithelium, respectively. Furthermore, there was a striking reduction in staining for E-cadherin, involucrin, and both connexins in the pathological lining epithelium of the periodontal pocket. These changes were associated with marked alterations of filamentous actin expression, collectively indicating profound perturbation of the epithelial structure. The data reported support the concept that the ability of the pathological lining epithelium to function as an effective barrier against the ingress of microbial products into the tissues is severely compromised. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of oil phase concentration on droplet size distribution and stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions (2012)

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oil phase concentration, at different emulsification conditions concerning homogenization time and emulsifier content, on droplet size distribution and stability of corn oil‐in‐water emulsions. Emulsions were prepared with 3, 5, 10, and 20% w/w triethanolamine oleate (calculated on oil amount), 0.53% w/w carboxymethylcellulose (calculated on water amount), and 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40% w/w oil, and homogenized 5, 10, 20, and 60 min. It was found that increase in oil phase concentration led to decrease in specific surface area and increase in polydispersity of emulsion at lower emulsifier concentration and less intense homogenization. At emulsifier concentrations ≤10% and homogenization time ranges of 20–60 min the non‐monotonous variation in droplet size parameters with oil concentration was observed, as a result of the interaction between triethanolamine oleate and carboxymethylcellulose, which were confirmed by viscosity measurements. However, at emulsifier concentration of 20% an increase in specific surface area and decrease in polydispersity with the increase in oil concentration occurred due to an increase in equilibrium concentration of emulsifier in the continuous phase. Further, influence of oil concentration on emulsion creaming stability was found to be independent on emulsifier concentration and homogenization time. Therefore, a decrease in creaming with increase in oil concentration was observed in all the examined triethanolamine oleate (TEAO) concentration and homogenization time ranges. Practical applications: Emulsions are colloidal systems which can be encountered in different industrial sectors, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, oil industry, etc. Determination of the droplet size of emulsion is probably the most important way of their characterization, since it influences the properties of emulsion such as rheology, texture, shelf life stability, appearance, taste, etc. The size of the droplets depends on a wide range of parameters. One of them is certainly the concentration of the oil phase. However, since the impact of one parameter is often influenced with the intensity of the other variable involved in the emulsion generation, the aim of the present work was to examine the effect of corn oil concentration on droplet size parameters and stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions at different emulsification conditions. Therefore a step toward creation of emulsions with desired final properties was made.
Structure-Guided Optimization of Estrogen Receptor Binding Affinity and Antagonist Potency of Pyrazolopyrimidines with Basic Side Chains (2006)

2,3-Diarylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists of modest potency that we have described previously. Guided by the crystal structure of an ER-ligand complex that we have obtained with one of these compounds, we prepared analogs that contain a basic side chain at the 2- or 3-aryl group and quickly found one that, according to the structure-based prediction, shows an increase in binding affinity and antagonist potency and a loss of residual agonist activity.
Jointly Learning Word Embeddings and Latent Topics (2017)

Word embedding models such as Skip-gram learn a vector-space representation for each word, based on the local word collocation patterns that are observed in a text corpus. Latent topic models, on the other hand, take a more global view, looking at the word distributions across the corpus to assign a topic to each word occurrence. These two paradigms are complementary in how they represent the meaning of word occurrences. While some previous works have already looked at using word embeddings for improving the quality of latent topics, and conversely, at using latent topics for improving word embeddings, such "two-step'' methods cannot capture the mutual interaction between the two paradigms. In this paper, we propose STE, a framework which can learn word embeddings and latent topics in a unified manner. STE naturally obtains topic-specific word embeddings, and thus addresses the issue of polysemy. At the same time, it also learns the term distributions of the topics, and the topic distributions of the documents. Our experimental results demonstrate that the STE model can indeed generate useful topic-specific word embeddings and coherent latent topics in an effective and efficient way.
Measurement of CO 2 using refractometric fiber optic sensors (2010)

An indicator free optical fiber sensor for determination of carbon dioxide is presented. The sensing layer is based on the acid-basic equilibrium of phenol and of its derivative p-nitro-phenol that, in the presence of CO2, are prone to protonation introducing refractive index changes. The new sensitive layer is characterized and tested in different refractometric fiber optic sensor configurations. Using a fiber based interferometric setup, a CO2 dependent refractive index change of ∼0.05 RIU is observed, in the 10%-90% CO2 concentration range, demonstrating the membrane viability. Preliminary results are presented for an all-fiber LPG-based carbon dioxide sensor.
DQIT: μ-synthesis without D-scale fitting (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new approach for synthesizing robust H/sub /spl infin// controllers that can avoid the difficulties of D-scale fitting in D-K iteration, and possibly reduce the conservatism due to simplified uncertain models. First, all nominal stabilizing controllers are parameterized by Q-parameters. Each synthesis iteration includes a D-step and a Q-step. In the D-step, optimal D-scaling at each frequency grid point is found as the standard D-K iteration. However, there is no need to fit a parameterized model for D. In the Q-step, the scaled H/sub /spl infin// problem is approximated by a finite-dimensional optimization problem in the frequency domain, using the D-scaling data directly from the D-step. Numerical examples show significant improvement over the existing approach in certain cases.
Hybrid modeling with ray tracing and finite difference (1996)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996Hybrid modeling with ray tracing and finite differenceAuthors: Isabelle LecomteIsabelle LecomteNFR/NORSARhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826745 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826745FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySeismic modelling for reservoir studies: a comparison between convolutional and full‐waveform methods for a deep‐water turbidite sandstone reservoir4 March 2020 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 68, No. 5Accuracy required in seismic modeling to detect production‐induced time‐lapse signaturesAlireza Shahin, Paul L. Stoffa, Robert H. Tatham, and Roustam Seif25 May 2012Hybrid wavefield estimation using asymptotic ray theory and finite difference methodBUTSURI-TANSA(Geophysical Exploration), Vol. 62, No. 3Seismic ray method: Recent developmentsAnalysis of the resolution function in seismic prestack depth imaging28 August 2002 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 50, No. 5Three-dimensional finite difference method and hybrid modeling of earthquake ground motionJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, No. B8 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Isabelle Lecomte, (1996), "Hybrid modeling with ray tracing and finite difference," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 699-702. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826745 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intraspecific Genetic Variations, Fitness Cost and Benefit of <i>RPW8</i>, A Disease Resistance Locus in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2007)

The RPW8 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew pathogens. In many A. thaliana accessions, this locus contains two homologous genes, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2. In some susceptible accessions, however, these two genes are replaced by HR4, a homolog of RPW8.1. Here, we show that RPW8.2 from A. lyrata conferred powdery mildew resistance in A. thaliana, suggesting that RPW8.2 might have gained the resistance function before the speciation of A. thaliana and A. lyrata. To investigate how RPW8 has been maintained in A. thaliana, we examined the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in RPW8 from 51 A. thaliana accessions, related disease reaction phenotypes to the evolutionary history of RPW8.1 and RPW8.2, and identified mutations that confer phenotypic variations. The average nucleotide diversities were high at RPW8.1 and RPW8.2, showing no sign of selective sweep. Moreover, we found that expression of RPW8 incurs fitness benefits and costs on A. thaliana in the presence and absence of the pathogens, respectively. Our results suggest that polymorphisms at the RPW8 locus in A. thaliana may have been maintained by complex selective forces, including those from the fitness benefits and costs both associated with RPW8.
IP-10 Can Be Measured in Dried Plasma Spots in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (2012)

The chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10) is a candidate marker for hepatitis C virus (HCV) fibrosis monitoring. The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to assess if IP-10 measurements from dried plasma spots (DPS) are accurate in HCV-infected patients with either minimal or significant fibrosis. We measured IP-10 levels in plasma and DPS of 21 HCV-infected patients with cirrhosis and 19 patients with no/little fibrosis (determined with FibroScan). Cirrhotic patients had significantly higher levels of IP-10 compared to patients with minimal fibrosis. DPS and plasma measurements of IP-10 are comparable and the correlation was excellent (r(2) = 0.97, p<0.0001). The DPS based method for IP-10 detection performs well in HCV-infected patients with either minimal or significant fibrosis.
Defence and security—a European perspective (1995)

The ongoing debate about the future shape of Europe is one which brings out strong feelings in many members of the European Union. The question as to when and to what extent the Union should merge into a single unit, politically and on security and defence issues is now dominating the agenda. Here Dr Peter Schmidt analyses the differing models for development from the European perspective, in particular the structural elements limiting growth towards centralisation and ways in which the EU could deal with the diversities and differences that characterise it. He pleads finally for compromise and balance to create solutions rather than problems for the enterprise of European unity.