gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isocoumarins. Developments Since 1950 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsocoumarins. Developments Since 1950Roger D. BarryCite this: Chem. Rev. 1964, 64, 3, 229–260Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60229a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60229a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1203Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The occurrence of <i>Pampus argenteus</i> (Euphrasen, 1788), (Osteichthyes, Perciformes, Stromateoidei, Stromateidae) in the North Sea (1985)

The occurrence in the North Sea of a specimen of the white pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788), a mesopelagic fish which is native to the Indian Ocean and particularly South‐east Asia and the East China Sea, is described. Other anomalous distribution records for the same species are examined and some possible explanations investigated.
Highly sensitive heavy metal analysis on platinum‐ and gold‐ultramicroelectrode arrays (1997)

Abstract The use of platinum‐and gold‐ultramicroelectrode arrays for heavy metal analysis is described. The noble metal microelectrodes are structured with standard silicon technologies. The geometry of the electrode array is varied and optimized in regard to the microelectrode characteristic. Mercury film formation and–dissolution on platinum microelectrode arrays is characterized and compared with iridium electrodes of the same geometry. Gold microelectrode arrays are shown to be useful for mercury detection. The repeated use of the sensors has been studied. Optimizing the electrode gemoetry and the stripping procedure results in detection limits down to the ng/L range.
Simple Synthesis of MoS2 and WS2 Nanotubes (2001)

Trisulfide molybdenum complexes have been employed to produce nanotubes by simple heating in a stream of hydrogen. Bamboo-like stacking (see Figure) was observed, suggesting that the stimulus for the growth of MoS2 nanotubes is similar to that of their carbon equivalents. The wide experience gained with trisulfide complexes directs this technique towards the preparation of other layered sulfide nanotubes, although other precursors are also shown to be successful.
The Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service (2000)

This tutorial presents an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service from the viewpoint of implementing new telematic services. The SMS offers the users of GSM networks the ability to exchange alphanumeric messages up to the limit of 160 characters. The tutorial is motivated by an acute absence of research publications in this field. The information gathered in the tutorial was required considering the increasing potential SMS offers for integration with existing messaging services and its ability to offer a successful replacement for the transmission control and Internet protocols as far as low-bandwidth-demanding applications are concerned. Initially, the tutorial gives an overview of the building blocks of GSM networks-the mobile station, base station, and network subsystem-and then emphasizes the SMS network and protocol architecture. The most widely used protocols for message submission are then introduced (text-based, SMS2000, ETSI 0705, TAP) and compared in terms of features provided and flexibility to handle extended alphabets or two-way messaging. Finally the tutorial outlines a summary of current and future issues for further development and research in the light of novel features for submission protocols and telematic services.
A Potent, Imaging Adenoviral Vector Driven by the Cancer-selective Mucin-1 Promoter That Targets Breast Cancer Metastasis (2009)

Collectively, we showed that the amplified mucin-1 promoter-driven vector is able to deliver to and selectively express a desirable transgene in metastatic lesions of breast tumors. This work has strong clinical relevance to current diagnostic staging approaches, and could add to targeted therapeutic strategies to advance the fight against breast cancer.
Switch of PMCA4 Splice Variants in Bovine Epididymis Results in Altered Isoform Expression during Functional Sperm Maturation (2010)

Ca(2+) and Ca(2+)-dependent signals are essential for sperm maturation and fertilization. In mouse sperm the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) isoform 4 plays a crucial role in Ca(2+) transport. The two major splice variants of PMCA4 are PMCA4a and PMCA4b. PMCA4a differs from PMCA4b in the mechanism of calmodulin binding and activation. PMCA4a shows a much higher basal activity and is more effective than PMCA4b in returning Ca(2+) to resting levels. Knock-out mice carrying a PMCA4-null mutation are infertile because their sperm cannot achieve a hyperactivated state of motility. As sperm reach functional maturity during their transit through the epididymis, the expression of PMCA4a and 4b was assessed in bull testis and epididymis. Quantitative PCR revealed that PMCA4b is the major splice variant in testis, caput, and corpus epididymidis. In contrast, PMCA4a is the major splice variant in cauda epididymidis, whereas sperm are transcriptionally silent. Immunohistochemical staining using a new antibody against bovine PMCA4a located the PMCA4a to the apical membrane of the epithelium of cauda epididymidis, whereas testis, caput, and corpus epididymidis were negative. Western blotting of testis, epididymis, and sperm isolated from caput and cauda epididymidis showed a much higher level of PMCA4a in cauda epididymidis and sperm from cauda epididymidis compared with testis membranes and sperm from caput epididymidis. These findings suggest that PMCA4a is transferred to bovine sperm membranes in cauda epididymidis. This isoform switch may facilitate a higher calcium turnover in sperm necessary to traverse the female genital tract.
Translational Mini-Review Series on Th17 Cells: Induction of interleukin-17 production by regulatory T cells (2009)

Uncommitted (naive) CD4(+) T helper cells (Thp) can be induced to differentiate to specific lineages according to the local cytokine milieu, towards T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (T(reg)) phenotypes in a mutually exclusive manner. Each phenotype is characterized by unique signalling pathways and expression of specific transcription factors, notably T-bet for Th1, GATA-3 for Th2, forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) for T(regs) and receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR)alpha and RORgammat for Th17 cells. T(regs) and Th17 cells have been demonstrated to arise from common precursors in a reciprocal manner based on exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta or TGF-beta plus interleukin (IL)-6 and carry out diametrically opposing functions, namely suppression or propagation of inflammation, respectively. However, while epigenetic modifications in Th1 and Th2 differentiated cells prevents their conversion to other phenotypes, Th17 cells generated in vitro using TGF-beta and IL-6 are unstable and can convert to other phenotypes, especially Th1, both in vitro and in vivo. T(regs) are generated from naive precursors both in the thymus (natural, nT(regs)) and in the periphery (induced, iT(regs)). The highly suppressive function of T(regs) enables them to control many inflammatory diseases in animals and makes them particularly attractive candidates for immunotherapy in humans. The stability of the T(reg) phenotype is therefore of paramount importance in this context. Recent descriptions of T(reg) biology have suggested that components of pathogens or inflammatory mediators may subvert the suppressive function of T(regs) in order to allow propagation of adequate immune responses. Unexpectedly, however, a number of groups have now described conversion of T(regs) to the Th17 phenotype induced by appropriate inflammatory stimuli. These observations are particularly relevant in the context of cell therapy but may also explain some of the dysregulation seen in autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we review T(reg) to Th17 conversion and propose some potential mechanisms for this phenomenon.
Inappropriate major histocompatibility complex class II expression by thyroid follicular cells in thyroid autoimmune disease and by pancreatic beta cells in type I diabetes. (1986)

"Inappropriate" expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by target cells has been found in all organ-specific autoimmune diseases so far examined for the presence of this phenomenon. These glycoproteins may have a functional role as class II+ thyrocytes are able to present both small fragments of foreign antigens and autoantigens to helper T cells. Interferon gamma is a likely modulator of MHC class II expression in the thyroid but other signals like thyroid-stimulating hormone seem to influence its action. By contrast, it appears that lymphokines are not involved in inducing the inappropriate MHC class II expression observed in situ in the pancreatic beta cells of diabetics. These data suggest that regulation of MHC class II expression is different in thyroid follicular cells from pancreatic beta cells, and that similar differences may be found in other cell types involved in autoimmune disease, thus reinforcing the concept of heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune disorders.
A Collision Detection and Response Scheme for Simplified Physically Based Animation (2005)

In this paper we describe a system for physical animation of rigid and deformable objects. These are represented as groups of particles linked by linear constraints, while a Verlet integrator is used for motion computation. Unlike traditional approaches, we accomplish physical simulation without explicitly computing orientation matrices, torques or inertia tensors. The main contribution of our work is related to the way collisions are handled by the system, which employs different approaches for deformable and rigid bodies. In particular, we show how collision detection using the GJK algorithm [9] and bounding sphere hierarchies can be combined with the projection based collision response technique described by Jakobsen [14].
Synergy between the pharmacological chaperone 1‐deoxygalactonojirimycin and the human recombinant alpha‐galactosidase A in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Fabry disease (2011)

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited disease due to alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) deficiency and characterized by lysosomal storage of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and related neutral glycosphingolipids. Storage of these substrates results in multisystem manifestations, including renal failure, cardiomyopathy, premature myocardial infarctions, stroke, chronic neuronopathic pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and skin angiokeratoma. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A (rh-alpha-Gal A) is now available for the treatment of FD and in most patients results in clinical improvement or stabilization. However, ERT efficacy may vary in different tissues and its long-term effects remain to be defined. As a strategy to improve the efficacy of ERT, we tested the combination of rh-alpha-Gal A with the chaperone molecule 1-deoxynojirimycin (DGJ) in cultured FD fibroblasts with negligible residual enzyme activity. Compared to the effects of rh-alpha-Gal A alone, co-administration of DGJ and rh-alpha-Gal A resulted in better correction (4.8 to 16.9-fold) of intracellular alpha-Gal A activity, and increased amounts of the enzyme within the lysosomal compartment. The clearance of lyso-Gb3, one of the substrates stored in FD and a potent inhibitor of alpha-Gal A, was also significantly improved with the co-administration of DGJ and rh-alpha-Gal A. This study provides additional evidence for a synergistic effect between ERT and pharmacological chaperone therapy and supports the idea that the efficacy of combination protocols may be superior to ERT alone.
Neuronal adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells on hybrid scaffolds made of xanthan and magnetite nanoparticles (2015)

Hybrid scaffolds made of xanthan and magnetite nanoparticles (XCA/mag) were prepared by dipping xanthan membranes (XCA) into dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles for different periods of time. The resulting hybrid scaffolds presented magnetization values ranging from 0.25 emu g(-1) to 1.80 emu g(-1) at 70 kOe and corresponding iron contents ranging from 0.25% to 2.3%, respectively. They were applied as matrices for in vitro embryoid body adhesion and neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells; for comparison, neat XCA and commercial plastic plates were also used. Adhesion rates were more pronounced when cells were seeded on XCA/mag than on neat XCA or plastic dishes; however, proliferation levels were independent from those of the scaffold type. Embryonic stem cells showed similar differentiation rates on XCA/mag scaffolds with magnetization of 0.25 and 0.60 emu g(-1), but did not survive on scaffolds with 1.80 emu g(-1). Differentiation rates, expressed as the number of neurons obtained on the chosen scaffolds, were the largest on neat XCA, which has a high density of negative charge, and were smallest on the commercial plastic dishes. The local magnetic field inherent of magnetite particles present on the surface of XCA/mag facilitates synapse formation, because synaptophysin expression and electrical transmission were increased when compared to the other scaffolds used. We conclude that XCA/mag and XCA hydrogels are scaffolds with distinguishable performance for adhesion and differentiation of ESCs into neurons.
GaAs and GaAlAs Reactive Ion Etching in BCl<sub>3</sub>-Cl<sub>2</sub> Mixture (1984)

The reactive ion etching of GaAs and GaAlAs in BCl 3 –Cl 2 mixture has been investigated. Under anisotropic etching conditions, clean etch profiles have been obtained with etch rates as high as 0.6 µm/min for GaAs and 0.4 µm/min for Ga 0.55 Al 0.45 As. No lag time has been observed between ignition of the gas plasma and subsequent etching. The variation in etch rates from run to run is less than±10%. The etch rates for the organic resist (AZ-1350) are so slow that deeply etched features (4–5 µm) with vertical side-walls have been obtained using a layer of the resist thin enough to maintain its high resolution.
Isoprenoid and Dicarboxylic Acids Isolated from Colorado Green River Shale (Eocene) (1967)

Isolation of the C(9) and C(10) isoprenoid carboxylic acids, the C(12) to C(18)alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids, and the 2-methyl 1,n-dicarboxylic acids (n is 13, 15, and 16) from organic extract of the Colorado Green River shale (Eocene) is reported. Separation was achieved by column and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques and structural identification of individual components, by mass spectrometry.
A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectral colours (1929)

Using a new trichromatic colorimeter a series of colour matches through the spectrum has been made by ten observers. The results have been averaged and a mean set of trichromatic coefficients for the spectral colours derived. These results are compared with previous determinations made by König and Abney. The variations in the coefficients that have been found amongst the ten observers must, as a consequence of a new method of basing the trichromatic units, be attributed to variations in the process of reception, but their magnitude appears to be of a small order. On the other hand, there are big differences in the amount of the macular pigment in different eyes and probably some variation in its dominant hue. These variations have been investigated by matches on a standard white, results for 36 observers being given in the paper and a mean value determined. This value, combined with the mean spectral coefficients, has been used to compute an average locus for the spectral colours in the colour triangle, with white at the centre.
Monomer–Dimer solution equilibria of 2,4,6-trialkylnitrosobenzenes and 2,4,6-trialkylnitrosobenzene/nitrosobenzene mixtures. A study using one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques (1990)

2,4,6-Trimethylnitrosobenzene in CDCI3 exists as a mixture of monomer and Z- and E-azodioxy dimers. The dissociation kinetics of both dimers were measured by one-dimensional time-dependent NMR spectroscopy on non-equilibrium solutions, and by two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy (2D-EXSY) on equilibrium solutions. 2,4,6-Tri-t-butylnitrosobenzene is entirely monomeric in CDCl3 but forms mixed azodioxy dimers in the presence of nitrosobenzene. The dissociation kinetics of the mixed E-dimer were followed by NMR techniques. The activation energy parameters for these dissociation equilibria were compared with previous data on related nitrosobenzene and dimethylnitrosobenzene systems.
Faulting Induced by Forced Fluid Injection and Fluid Flow Forced by Faulting: An Interpretation of Hydraulic-Fracture Microseismicity, Carthage Cotton Valley Gas Field, Texas (2004)

We analyzed precisely located microearthquake data detected during five hydraulic fracture treatments in the Carthage gas field of east Texas. The treat- ments were conducted in two adjacent boreholes within interbedded sands and shales of the Upper Cotton Valley formation. The microearthquakes were induced within narrow horizontal bands that correspond to the targeted sandstone layers. Events throughout all the treatments show strike-slip faulting occurring uniformly along vertical fractures trending close to maximum horizontal stress direction. These events are consistent with the reservoir's prevalent natural fractures, known to be isolated within the sands and trending subparallel to the expected hydraulic fracture orien- tation. When this uniform fracture system was activated exclusively, the detected shear deformation, measured as the moment release per unit volume of fluid injected, was constant, independent of various fluid viscosities and flow rates used. Within the base of the Upper Cotton Valley formation, anomalous event counts and moment release occurred within dense clusters that delineate bends or jogs in the fracture zones. The mechanisms are also strike-slip, but the fault planes are more favorably oriented for failure. The dense clusters show location patterns diverging in time, suggesting the expulsion of fluids from compressive fault jogs. Fluid flow forced by the adjacent slip-induced loading appears to initially extend the treatments, but the loading also tends to lock up and concentrate stress at the jogs, as evident by fewer but larger events populating the structures as treatments progress. As a result, effec- tive drainage lengths from the boreholes may be shorter than would be inferred from the seismicity extending past the jogs. These high-moment asperities are similar to dense patches of seismicity observed along creeping sections of the San Andreas fault, where they have been attributed to localized zones of strength or stress con- centration, surrounded by larger regions undergoing stable, aseismic slip. This sim- ilarity, plus large moment deficits in terms of volume injected, suggests a large component of aseismic slip is induced by the Cotton Valley treatments.
Braking Scheme for Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives Equipped With Diode Rectifier Without Braking Resistor (2006)

This paper deals with sensorless vector control of pulsewidth-modulated inverter-fed induction motor drives equipped with a three-phase diode rectifier. An electronically controlled braking resistor across the dc link is not used. Instead, the power regenerated during braking is dissipated in the motor while a dc-link overvoltage controller limits the braking torque. Losses in the motor are increased by an optimum flux-braking controller, maximizing either the stator voltage or the stator current depending on the speed. Below the rated speed, the braking times are comparable to those achieved using a braking resistor. The proposed braking scheme is very simple and causes no additional torque ripple. Experimental results obtained using a 2.2-kW induction motor drive show that the proposed scheme works well
A simple charge regenerator for use with charge-coupled and bucket-brigade shift registers and the design of functional logic arrays (1971)

A charge-inversion regenerator for use with charge-coupled and bucket-brigade shift registers has been developed. The configuration of this regenerator and its use in functional self-regenerating memory, logic arrays, shift address and control systems will be described.
Synthesis of Conjugated Oligomers Having Aromatic and Enediyne Units Alternately in the Backbone that Show Intense Fluorescence Emission (2004)

[structure: see text] Synthesis and fluorescence properties of pi-conjugated compounds having alternately an aromatic ring such as benzene, pyridine, and thiophene and an enediyne unit in the backbone are described.
Cardiovascular Signal Decomposition and Estimation with the Extended Kalman Smoother (2006)

Cardiovascular signals such as arterial blood pressure (ABP), pulse oximetry (SpO2) and central venous pressure (CVP) contain useful information such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and pulse pressure variation (PPV). We present a statistical state-space model of cardiovascular signals that can be used with the extended Kalman filter or smoother to simultaneously estimate and track many cardiovascular parameters of interest. We demonstrate the algorithm's tracking capabilities with a real ABP signal.