gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erkekten Kadına Primer Transseksüalizm Değerlendirme ve Tedavi Metodlarının Gözden Geçirilmesi (2000)

Transseksüelizm kişinin kendi biyolojik cinsiyeti ile, psikolojik cisiyet kimliği ve toplumdki cinsiyet rolü arasında uyumsuzluk olarak tanımlanır. Transseksüeller ısrarlı olarak cinsiyet değiştirmenin çaresini ararlar. Transseksüalitenin günümüzdeki tedavisi olan Cinsiyet Değiştirme Ameliyatları (CDA) pekçok etik ve yasal konular yaratmaktadır, ve ülkemizde bu konunun çok daha fazla araştırılmasına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda erkekten-kadına olan transseksüalizmin (erkek transseksüalitesi) psikiyatrik, endokrinolojik ve cerrahi açıdan değerlendirme ve tedavisi, ve konunun Türkiye&#039;deki yasal boyutları gözden geçirilmiştir. Ayrıca, sınırlı sayıda hastada CDA ile olan tecrübemiz sunulmuştur.
A genetic algorithm for the single machine total weighted tardiness problem (2003)

Scheduling problems are important NP-hard problems. Genetic algorithms can provide good solutions for such optimization problems. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm to solve the single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem, which is a strong NP-hard problem. The algorithm uses the natural permutation representation of a chromosome, heuristic dispatching rules combined with random method to create the initial population, position-based crossover and order-based mutation operators, and the best members of the population during generations. The computational results of problem examples with 10 and 25 jobs and general problems with 50, 100, 200 and 500 jobs show the good performance and the efficiency of the developed algorithm.
Connectionist model for object recognition (1992)

An application of neural networks is the recognition of objects under translation, rotation, and scale change. Most existing networks for invariant object recognition require a huge number of connections and/or processing units. In this paper, we propose a new connectionist model for invariant object recognition for binary images with a reasonable network size. The network consists of five stages. The first stage shifts the object so that the centroid of the object coincides with the center of the image plane. The second stage is a variation of the polar- coordinate transformation used to obtain two N-dimensional representations of the input object. In this stage, the 0 axis is represented by the positions of the output units; therefore, any rotation of the original object becomes a cyclic shift of the output values of this stage. The third stage is a variation of the rapid transform, which provides invariant representations of cyclic-shift inputs. The next stage normalizes the outputs of the rapid transform to obtain scale invariance. The final stage is a nearest neighbor classifier. We tested the performance of the network for character recognition and good results were obtained with only one pattern per class in training.
Electrochemistry of Prussian Blue Modified Electrodes: An Electrochemical Preparation Method (1982)

A new type of Prussian blue modified electrode is described. The Prussian blue modified electrode is electrochemically prepared in a solution of ferric‐ferricyanide. The amount of Prussian blue on electrodes such as platinum, glassy carbon, and is easily controlled by changing the current density, the electrode potential, and the time of the electrolysis. The waves observed at +0.2 and +1.0V vs. SCE are due to the reduction and the oxidation of the ferric part and of the ferrous part in the Prussian blue crystal, or , respectively. This electrode exhibits excellent stability in aqueous solution. A spectroelectrochemical property of the modified electrode is also described.
Review of current developments in exploration geophysics (1956)

Abstract During the past year, exploration geophysics has made its greatest progress in the application to prospecting of instruments and techniques which were until recently only in the development stage. The most notable examples are magnetic recording and velocity logging, both of which are already being offered as commercial services. The use of magnetic recording permits greater flexibility in seismic interpretation; automatic time correction, facilitating compositing as well as preparation of record sections; and the ready storage of seismic data in a form suitable for any processing procedures that may be developed in the future. Interval velocity logs have given geophysicists a better understanding of the origin of reflections from a complexly layered section. This understanding should lead to a more realistic interpretation of reflection data, and may eventually make it possible to map stratigraphic as well as structural features. Other noteworthy developments in seismic prospecting during 1955 include new methods for generating seismic energy, novel approaches to the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio, and the application of high frequency techniques in oil exploration.Although current research in petroleum geophysics is concentrated more than ever on seismic techniques, there have been important developments in the application of other geophysical methods to petroleum prospecting, mining exploration, and engineering problems. The gamma-gamma logger now gives density data which are sufficiently reliable for gravity interpretation; an induced polarization method has been successful in finding ground water; and airborne electromagnetic methods have been widely used in the search for base metals in Canada. A new type of airborne magnetometer based on nuclear magnetic resonance has gone into service in prospecting for iron ore in the western United States. This device is particularly adapted for use in light aircraft.The rapidity of current technological improvement in exploration geophysics is attributed to the acceleration of geophysical research activity in the oil industry after World War II, to productive fundamental research, and to a widespread attitude among geophysicists of dissatisfaction with existing techniques.
On the Mode Splitting of Degenerate Mechanical Systems Containing Cracks (1993)

This paper presents sufficient conditions governing mode splitting in a two-dimensional, degenerate, mechanical system whose eigensolutions satisfy the Helmholtz equation. When cracks are introduced into such systems, a pair of repeated vibration modes may remain repeated or become distinct (termed split modes) depending on the location and geometry of the cracks. Two types of split modes can occur. Split modes of the first kind are a pair of split modes in which one mode undergoes a frequency shift but the other does not. In contrast, split modes of the second kind are a pair of split modes in which both modes undergo frequency shifts. A sufficient condition for split modes of the first kind is derived through an orthogonal transformation of repeated eigenmodes of the perfect system. Sufficient conditions for repeated modes and split modes of the second kind are derived through an asymptotic analysis. Numerical examples on square and circular domains illustrate the analytical predictions on mode splitting.
Nasal challenge with cold, dry air results in release of inflammatory mediators. Possible mast cell involvement. (1985)

The purpose of our study was to assess the effect of cold, dry air (CDA) on the nasal mucosa of selected individuals in relation to the release of inflammatory mediators associated with mast cells. 12 subjects with a history of nasal symptoms of rhinorrhea and congestion upon cold or dry environmental exposure were challenged by nasal breathing of CDA and warm, moist air (WMA). Each subject was tested on two occasions with the order of the challenges reversed. Symptom scores were recorded, and the levels of histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2, kinins, and [3H]-N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity in nasal lavage fluids were measured. CDA caused a significant increase in mediator levels and in symptom scores as compared to baseline or to WMA. No significant increase in symptom scores or mediators was noted after WMA challenge, with the exception of a marginal increase in kinins. The response to CDA was similar, regardless of challenge order. Changes in mediators correlated with one another, and symptom scores correlated significantly with the levels of histamine, kinins, and PGD2. Five subjects without a history of nasal symptoms on cold air exposure had no change in mediators or symptom scores after CDA or WMA challenge. We conclude that CDA causes the release of inflammatory mediators possibly associated with mast cells and speculate that such a mechanism may be involved in the bronchospasm induced by CDA in asthmatics.
Symmetrical crossed rectangular horn for a circularly polarized multiple-beam reflector antenna (1983)

Radiation characteristics of a symmetrical crossed rectangular horn using a solution of an integral eigenvalue equation given by Lin is described. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> - and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> -plane pattern symmetry and two-dimensional radiation patterns for circular polarization are studied comparing with those of a square horn, with specific emphasis on cross-polarization levels. Using a symmetrical crossed rectangular horn as a circularly polarized primary feed gain and cross-polarization characteristics of offset paraboloidal reflector antennas with circular and elliptical apertures have been investigated. A practical example of a circularly polarized multiple-beam antenna with contoured pattern using three symmetrical-crossed rectangular horns is shown.
La arquitectura colonial a través de las portadas de los edificios civiles (1989)

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Techniques for characterising the wetting, coating and spreading of adhesives on surface. (2005)

In bonding operations it is vital that the adhesive coating is applied in the correct locations and spreads over roughened surfaces sufficiently to bond. Incorrectly applied adhesive can weaken the bond. Hardening of the adhesive, whether due to cooling, drying or cure reactions before bond formation, overspreading or over-absorption into permeable materials can weaken the subsequent joint.
This report describes techniques for characterising the properties of surfaces that influence the interactions between the substrate and adhesive during the bonding process. It describes methods for assessing substrate wettability and surface energy, surface absorbency, surface receptivity and application and spreading monitoring. Good wettability of a surface is a prerequisite for ensuring good adhesive bonding. Methods for measuring the contact angle of hot melt adhesives have been developed and compared with water drop contact angle measurements. Improvements to the Dennison wax test are also described.
Rate constant for the reaction H + NO2 from 195 to 400 K with FP-RF and DF-RF techniques (1979)

Measurements are made of the rate constant for the reaction H + NO2 yielding OH + NO over significant temperature ranges with the flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence (FP-RF) technique and also with the discharge flow-resonance fluorescence (DF-RF) technique. Since it is important to study chemical reactions with more than one technique, the above reaction is investigated with the FP-RF technique over the temperature range 230-400 K. The results reported do not agree with earlier determinations. Accordingly, a separate set of measurements is made with the DF-RF technique over the temperature range 195-368 K; the results are also reported. The reaction is also considered theoretically, especially with regard to the question of temperature dependence and absolute magnitude of the rate constant.
Mammalian Bax triggers apoptotic changes in yeast (1998)

Apoptosis is co-regulated by the conserved family of Bcl-2-related proteins, which includes both its agonists (Bax) and antagonists (Bcl-X(L)). A mutant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to express all morphological signs of apoptosis. Overexpression of Bax is lethal in S. cerevisiae, whereas simultaneous overexpression of Bcl-X(L) rescues the cells. We report that overexpression of mammalian Bax in a S. cerevisiae wild type strain triggers morphological changes similar to those of apoptotic metazoan cells: the loss of asymmetric distribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine, plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and margination, and DNA fragmentation. Simultaneous overexpression of Bcl-X(L) prevents these changes. We demonstrate that Bax triggers phenotypic alterations in yeast strongly resembling those it causes in metazoan apoptotic cells.
Expression of Epstein–Barr virus replicative proteins in aids‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma cells (1991)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in lymphoproliferative lesions has been assumed to be strictly latent. In order to investigate the possible occurrence of EBV replication in AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) cells, we studied 13 cases by immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies to the EBV-encoded switch-protein BZLF1, early antigens (EAs), late replicative proteins [virus capsid antigens (VCAs) and membrane antigens (MAs)], and to the latent proteins EB nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA 2) and latent membrane protein (LMP). EBV genomes were detected by in situ hybridization. EBV genomes and/or gene products were demonstrated in ten cases, including all immunoblast-rich lymphomas, two Burkitts lymphomas, and a T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. The BZLF1 protein, which disrupts latency in B cells, was identified in six (60 per cent), and EAs in four (40 per cent) of the EBV-positive ARL. Only one lymphoma (10 per cent) expressed VCAs and MAs. EBNA 2 and LMP were detected in three (30 per cent) and eight (80 per cent) of EBV-positive cases, respectively. EBV DNA was detected in lymphoma cells in 7 of 12 (58 per cent) cases. The most important finding of this study was frequent spontaneous activation of latent EBV in ARL. Production of complete virus, however, was either aborted, or tumour cells expressing late productive cycle proteins (VCA, MA) were rapidly cleared from tissues. It is suggested that host factors that normally inhibit replication of EBV are deficient in AIDS patients.
Fractal Holey Metal Microlenses with Significantly Suppressed Side Lobes and High‐Order Diffractions in Focusing (2014)

A fractal holey metal microlens based on finite areas of two‐dimensional arrays of circular nanoholes is reported. Both experimental and simulation results confirm that the fractal holey metal microlens can significantly suppress both the side lobes and high‐order diffractions. The ultra‐thin, planar, and compact design of the fractal holey metal microlenses with excellent focusing performance will benefit many applications such as bioimaging, optical trapping, and integrated optics.
Spin Pinning at Ferrite-Organic Interfaces (1975)

Ultrafine particles of Ni${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ coated with organic molecules show a behavior consistent with extremely strong pinning of the ferrite surface spins. The low-temperature magnetization is only \ensuremath{\sim}75% saturated in fields of 200 kOe, and M\"ossbauer spectra show that the spins remain at large angles with respect to the direction of an applied field of 68.5 kOe. Uncoated ultrafine Ni${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ particles do not show this behavior.
Mutations in the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Gene Encoding S-adenosylmethionine Suppress Position-Effect Variegation (1996)

In Drosophila melanogaster, the study of trans-acting modifier mutations of position-effect variegation and Polycomb group (Pc-G) genes have been useful tools to investigate genes involved in chromatin structure. We have cloned a modifier gene, Suppressor of zeste 5 (Su(z)5), which encodes S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and we present here molecular results and data concerning its expression in mutants and genetic interactions. The mutant alleles Su(z)5, l(2)R23 and l(2)M6 show suppression of wm4 and also of two white mutants induced by roo element insertions in the regulatory region i.e., wis (in combination with z1) and wsp1. Two of the Su(z)5 alleles, as well as a deletion of the gene, also act as enhancers of Polycomb by increasing the size of sex combs on midleg. The results suggest that Su(z)5 is connected with regulation of chromatin structure. The enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthetase is involved in the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl group donor and also, after decarboxylation, a propylamino group donor in the bio-synthesis of polyamines. Our results from HPLC analysis show that in ovaries from heterozygous Su(z)5 mutants the content of spermine is significantly reduced. Results presented here suggest that polyamines are an important molecule class in the regulation of chromatin structure.
Facilitation of long-term potentiation by prior activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (1996)

1. The influence of prior metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation on subsequent long-term potentiation (LTP) induction was investigated with the use of the mGluR agonist 1-amino-cyclopentane-1S,3R-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD, 20 microM). Field potential recordings were made in the stratum radiatum of CA1 slices taken from young adult male rats and from which CA3 was routinely dissected. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) just above threshold was used to induce LTP. 2. A 10-min bath application of ACPD begun 30 min before the TBS facilitated the induction of LTP in a dose-dependent manner and resulted in an enhanced magnitude and stability of LTP. 3. ACPD did not enhance the degree of LTP induced by strong TBS, suggesting that it acts to lower the threshold for LTP induction but does not raise the ceiling on the amount of inducible LTP. 4. This priming effect by ACPD was stereo specific and lasted between 1 and 3 h. Synaptic stimulation during the ACPD application was not necessary for the enhancement of LTP. Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during ACPD application also failed to affect the enhancement of LTP. 5. ACPD-induced priming of LTP was antagonized by L-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid, suggesting an involvement of group I mGluRs. 6. ACPD-induced enhancement of LTP was not secondary to long-lasting changes in NMDAR activation or GABAAergic inhibition, because it was unaffected by the addition of picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, and isolated NMDAR-mediated responses did not show a long-lasting enhancement in response to ACPD application. 7. These data demonstrate that activation of mGluRs can initiate persistent yet covert changes in synaptic function that facilitate the stable induction of LTP.
Piliation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Promotes Adhesion, Phagocytosis, and Cytokine Modulation in Macrophages (2015)

Recently, spaCBA-encoded pili on the cell surface of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were identified to be key molecules for binding to human intestinal mucus and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the role of the SpaCBA pilus of L. rhamnosus GG in the interaction with macrophages in vitro by comparing the wild type with surface mutants. Our results show that SpaCBA pili play a significant role in the capacity for adhesion to macrophages and also promote bacterial uptake by these phagocytic cells. Interestingly, our data suggest that SpaCBA pili also mediate anti-inflammatory effects by induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and reduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA in a murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. These pili appear to mediate these effects indirectly by promoting close contact with the macrophages, facilitating the exertion of anti-inflammatory effects by other surface molecules via yet unknown mechanisms. Blockage of complement receptor 3 (CR3), previously identified to be a receptor for streptococcal pili, significantly decreased the uptake of pilus-expressing strains in RAW 264.7 cells, while the expression of IL-10 and IL-6 mRNA by these macrophages was not affected by this blocking. On the other hand, blockage of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 mRNA irrespective of the presence of pili.
Semantic Labeling of Aerial and Satellite Imagery (2016)

Inspired by the recent success of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and feature aggregation in the field of computer vision and machine learning, we propose an effective approach to semantic pixel labeling of aerial and satellite imagery using both CNN features and hand-crafted features. Both CNN and hand-crafted features are applied to dense image patches to produce per-pixel class probabilities. Conditional random fields (CRFs) are applied as a postprocessing step. The CRF infers a labeling that smooths regions while respecting the edges present in the imagery. The combination of these factors leads to a semantic labeling framework which outperforms all existing algorithms on the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) two-dimensional Semantic Labeling Challenge dataset. We advance state-of-the-art results by improving the overall accuracy to 88% on the ISPRS Semantic Labeling Contest. In this paper, we also explore the possibility of applying the proposed framework to other types of data. Our experimental results demonstrate the generalization capability of our approach and its ability to produce accurate results.
Design and construction of a PVDF Fresnel lens (2002)

The design, construction, and performance of an experimental broadband polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Fresnel lens are discussed. The potential application of a lens of this type in medical imaging, particularly for shallow features such as the carotid artery, is addressed. A model for the lens is proposed. A general pressure transfer function which is used to obtain theoretical on-axis and focal plane beam profiles is derived. The construction of a seven-zone, 15-mm PVDF zone plate is discussed, and experimental self-convolution results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Haptoglobin preserves the CD163 hemoglobin scavenger pathway by shielding hemoglobin from peroxidative modification (2009)

Detoxification and clearance of extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) have been attributed to its removal by the CD163 scavenger receptor pathway. However, even low-level hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) exposure irreversibly modifies Hb and severely impairs Hb endocytosis by CD163. We show here that when Hb is bound to the high-affinity Hb scavenger protein haptoglobin (Hp), the complex protects Hb from structural modification by preventing alpha-globin cross-links and oxidations of amino acids in critical regions of the beta-globin chain (eg, Trp15, Cys93, and Cys112). As a result of this structural stabilization, H(2)O(2)-exposed Hb-Hp binds to CD163 with the same affinity as nonoxidized complex. Endocytosis and lysosomal translocation of oxidized Hb-Hp by CD163-expressing cells were found to be as efficient as with nonoxidized complex. Hp complex formation did not alter Hb's ability to consume added H(2)O(2) by redox cycling, suggesting that within the complex the oxidative radical burden is shifted to Hp. We provide structural and functional evidence that Hp protects Hb when oxidatively challenged with H(2)O(2) preserving CD163-mediated Hb clearance under oxidative stress conditions. In addition, our data provide in vivo evidence that unbound Hb is oxidatively modified within extravascular compartments consistent with our in vitro findings.
Interactions of COOH-terminal fragments of cholecystokinin with receptors on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. (1982)

The abbreviations used are: CCK, cholecystokinin; BtZcGMP, N2,02'-dibutyryl guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate; CCK-4, COOH-terminal tetrapeptide of CCK; CCK-5, COOH-terminal pentapeptide of CCK; [~~SSO:~H]CCK"I, unsulfated COOH-terminal heptapeptide of CCK, CCK-6, COOH-terminal