gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La radiographie des peintures de chevalet (1995)

Traditional X-ray methods remain one of the key elements of the scientific examination of paintings. Their most recent contributions, however, lie more in the interpretation of the images obtained than in technical improvements in the way of obtaining them. Some examples illustrate the interest of establishing this precise semiology. Future trends are towards the computerised management of indexed key words. At the same time, new fields of research using radiation (emission radiography, micro-source radiography, autoradiography, neutron radiography, etc.) must be experimented with in order to define their role in the scientific exploration of works of art.
Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Brain Damage: Mechanisms of Cell Death and Potential Molecular Targets for Neuroprotection (2010)

Significant amounts of oxygen free radicals (oxidants) are generated during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and oxidative stress plays an important role in brain damage after stroke. In addition to oxidizing macromolecules, leading to cell injury, oxidants are also involved in cell death/survival signal pathways and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Experimental data from laboratory animals that either overexpress (transgenic) or are deficient in (knock-out) antioxidant proteins, mainly superoxide dismutase, have provided strong evidence of the role of oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage. In addition to mitochondria, recent reports demonstrate that NADPH oxidase (NOX), an important pro-oxidant enzyme, is also involved in the generation of oxidants in the brain after stroke. Inhibition of NOX is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia. We propose that superoxide dismutase and NOX activity in the brain is a major determinant for ischemic damage/repair and that these major anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes are potential endogenous molecular targets for stroke therapy.
MPEG-2 video compression tutorial (1995)

MPEG-2 is a generic coding and multiplexing specification for video, audio and associated data. It is intended to serve a range of applications, bit-rates, qualities and services. The MPEG-2 video specification defines the syntax of the coded representation of the video, known as the video elementary bit stream, and the decoding process required to reconstruct a component video sequence. This paper introduces the principles used in MPEG-2 video compression systems, outlines the general structure of a coder and decoder, and describes defined subsets of the specification known as profiles. (8 pages)
Unsupervised Semantic Role Induction with Global Role Ordering (2012)

We propose a probabilistic generative model for unsupervised semantic role induction, which integrates local role assignment decisions and a global role ordering decision in a unified model. The role sequence is divided into intervals based on the notion of primary roles, and each interval generates a sequence of secondary roles and syntactic constituents using local features. The global role ordering consists of the sequence of primary roles only, thus making it a partial ordering. 1
Protein networks in diseases (2009)

Protein interactions and their specificity play important roles in protein structure and functions. Identification and characterization of protein interfaces is thus important for the study. Adhesive interactions can be considered as one of the key features of many interactions. Computational approach can be applied to great extent in identifying disease specific genes. For instance, Nfat and tat proteins have specific roles related to diseases whose roles can be studied. Apoptosis is considered as a crucial part of many cellular activities and is shown to be related to proteolysis, inflammatory responses, in cancer perturbed protein interaction and mitochondrial dynamics. Keywords- Protein interactions, apoptotic proteins, autophagy proteins, misfolding, inflammatory therapies
Sequence of cDNA for rat cystathionine <i>γ</i>-lyase and comparison of deduced amino acid sequence with related <i>Escherichia coli</i> enzymes (1990)

A cDNA clone for cystathionine gamma-lyase was isolated from a rat cDNA library in lambda gt11 by screening with a monospecific antiserum. The identity of this clone, containing 600 bp proximal to the 3'-end of the gene, was confirmed by positive hybridization selection. Northern-blot hybridization showed the expected higher abundance of the corresponding mRNA in liver than in brain. Two further cDNA clones from a plasmid pcD library were isolated by colony hybridization with the first clone and were found to contain inserts of 1600 and 1850 bp. One of these was confirmed as encoding cystathionine gamma-lyase by hybridization with two independent pools of oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to partial amino acid sequence information for cystathionine gamma-lyase. The other clone (estimated to represent all but 8% of the 5'-end of the mRNA) was sequenced and its deduced amino acid sequence showed similarity to those of the Escherichia coli enzymes cystathionine beta-lyase and cystathionine gamma-synthase throughout its length, especially to that of the latter.
Effects of RNA Interference on CD70 in Dendritic Cells of Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia (2016)

Abstract Objective: This study aims to assess the biological properties and functions of CD70 costimulatory molecule on dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: DCs were generated from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood, the immunophenotype markers were detected by flow cytometry. Chemically synthesized siRNA was then transferred into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000 to choose the most effective siRNA to block CD70 expression in three candidates. The mRNA expression and protein synthesis were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with DCs to assess the suppression capacity of DCs in the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and the production of IL-10 and IFN-γ by CD4+ T cells. The CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with DCs to assess the ability of DCs in the induction of Regulatory T cells (Tregs). Results: Dendritic cells were transfected with FITC-labelled scrambled siRNA for 4-6h. The transfection efficiency was average 60%. After transfection (48 h), the results of real-time RT-PCR analysis showed strong and specific downregulation of CD70 mRNA levels in transfected cells (p=0.046, siRNA1\2\3 Inhibition rates (74.5±6.1) %, (78.1±8.0) %, (90.1±2.5) % respectively, but not in negative control or in the absence of siRNA(p=0.157). The CD70-3 siRNA was extraordinarily effective in repressing the expression of CD70. The expression of CD70 on the DCs with siRNA3 was also significantly lower(p=0.043), but showed no difference in negative control (p=0.157). DCs from transfected group could inhibit the proliferation of PHA-activated CD4+ T cells than the negative control in ITP patients(p=0.008), but showed no difference in group of normal control (p=0.08). In chronic ITP patients and normal controls, the DCs from transfected group could inhibit the expression of IFN-γ compared with the group of negative control (p=0.018, p=0.043) and increase the expression of IL-10 (p=0.012, p=0.043). In chronic ITP patients and normal controls, the DCs from transfected group were defective in inducing the CD4+ T cell differentiating to CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs compared to the negative control (p=0.012, p=0.043). Conclusions: In our study, siRNA is capable of inducing RNAi in DCs, it can knock down the CD70 gene expression specifically and effectively. The DCs from transfected group could inhibit the CD4+ T cells and induce the CD4+ T cells differentiating to Tregs. This approach is a useful tool by which costimulatory molecules of DC can be studied as well as a potential therapeutic option for autoimmune disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Biology, diagnosis and management (1992)

Part One: Genetics and Immunology. Familial ovarian cancer. Hereditary ovarian cancer. Cytogenetic changes in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Molecular genetics of ovarian cancer. Molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Molecular structure and clinical applications of a cancer-associated mucin. Part Two: Oncogenes, growth factors and cytokines. Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, HER-2 neu and p53 in ovarian cancer. Factors regulating the growth of normal and malignant ovarian epithelium. Inhibition of breast and ovarian tumour cell growth by antibodies and immunotoxins reactive with distinct epitopes on the extracellular domain of HER-2 neu (c-erbB2). Cloning of genes encoding ovarian carcinoma-specific antigens. Cytokines and ovarian cancer. Characterization of cytokines produced by ovarian cancer cells. Role of interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer. CSF-1 and its receptor in ovarian and other gynaecological neoplasms. Regulation of growth of human ovarian cancer cells. Part Three: Drug resistance and experimental therapeutics. Signal transduction pathway regulation of cisplatin sensitivity. Immunotoxin therapy in ovarian cancer. Effects of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in cyclophosphamide- and carboplatin-treated patients. Mitochondrial poisons and ovarian cancer. TNFalpha mediated lysis in gynaecological malignancies. Chemo-immunotherapy with a combination of low-dose cisplatin and recombinant interleukin 2. Part Four: Pathology, early detection and prognosis. Early ovarian cancer. New techniques in the pathological assessment of ovarian cancer. Flow cytometry in ovarian cancer. Ultrasound for early cancer screening. Role of colour Doppler in an ultrasound-based screening programme. Transvaginal colour Doppler in the differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses. Role of CA-125 in screening for ovarian cancer. Advantages and disadvantages of randomized controlled trials of ovarian cancer screening. Part Five: Management. Intraperitoneal therapy in the management of ovarian cancer. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and interferon- alpha in persistent epithelial ovarian cancer: summary of phase I-II trials. Overview of randomized chemotherapy trials for advanced ovarian cancer. Meta-analysis of treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. Impact of maximal cytoreductive surgery on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Management and outcome of stage III epithelial ovarian cancer. The role of surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer. Debulking surgery at second-look laparotomy. Evaluation of debulking surgery at second-look laparotomy. Second-look laparotomy in the routine management of ovarian cancer.
Response of monkeys to vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus which coexpress HIV gpl60 and human interleukin‐2 (1990)

Immunization of two macaque monkeys with recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the env gene of HIV-1 (VV-gp160) resulted in demonstrable levels of gp160, gp120 and gp41-specific immunoglobulins in both animals. The virus used to immunize one of the monkeys additionally expressed the human IL-2 gene, which encoded human IL-2 (VV-gp160-IL-2). No toxic side-effects of vaccine-delivered IL-2 were observed. Despite marked attenuation of virulence by the coexpressed lymphokine, the levels of vector-specific antibodies in both animals were similar. Some differences in the HIV-specific reactivity patterns were detected. Serum reactivity of monkey #A56 (VV-gp160) was directed against gp41, whereas monkey #B58 (VV-gp160-IL-2) showed a wider range of recognition, with higher antibody titres against the HIV lysate preparation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the capacity to boost antibody responses to the vector and coexpressed HIV antigens in primates which are already immune.
A Two-Stage Correlation Method for Stereoscopic Depth Estimation (2010)

The computation of stereoscopic depth is an important field of computer vision. Although a large variety of algorithms has been developed, the traditional correlation-based versions of these algorithms are prevalent. This is mainly due to easy implementation and handling but also to the linear computational complexity, as compared to more elaborated algorithms based on diffusion processes, graph-cut or bilateral filtering. In this paper, we introduce a new two-stage matching cost for the traditional approach: the summed normalized cross-correlation (SNCC). This new cost function performs a normalized cross-correlation in the first stage and aggregates the correlation values in a second stage. We show that this new measure can be implemented efficiently and that it leads to a substantial improvement of the performance of the traditional stereo approach because it is less sensitive to high contrast outliers.
Clostridium difficile Toxin CDT Induces Formation of Microtubule-Based Protrusions and Increases Adherence of Bacteria (2009)

Clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis by production of the Rho GTPase-glucosylating toxins A and B. Recently emerging hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains additionally produce the binary ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin CDT (Clostridium difficile transferase), which ADP-ribosylates actin and inhibits actin polymerization. Thus far, the role of CDT as a virulence factor is not understood. Here we report by using time-lapse- and immunofluorescence microscopy that CDT and other binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins, including Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, induce redistribution of microtubules and formation of long (up to >150 microm) microtubule-based protrusions at the surface of intestinal epithelial cells. The toxins increase the length of decoration of microtubule plus-ends by EB1/3, CLIP-170 and CLIP-115 proteins and cause redistribution of the capture proteins CLASP2 and ACF7 from microtubules at the cell cortex into the cell interior. The CDT-induced microtubule protrusions form a dense meshwork at the cell surface, which wrap and embed bacterial cells, thereby largely increasing the adherence of Clostridia. The study describes a novel type of microtubule structure caused by less efficient microtubule capture and offers a new perspective for the pathogenetic role of CDT and other binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins in host-pathogen interactions.
Effectiveness and Duration of Protection of One Dose of a Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2017)

MenACWY-D was effective in the first year after vaccination but effectiveness waned 3 to <8 years postvaccination. The estimates of VE from this evaluation informed the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in its decision to add a booster dose of MenACWY.
Overexpression of D-Xylose Reductase (<i>xyl</i>1) Gene and Antisense Inhibition of D-Xylulokinase (<i>xyiH</i>) Gene Increase Xylitol Production in<i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (2014)

T. reesei is an efficient cellulase producer and biomass degrader. To improve xylitol production in Trichoderma reesei strains by genetic engineering, two approaches were used in this study. First, the presumptive D-xylulokinase gene in T. reesei (xyiH), which has high homology to known fungi D-xylulokinase genes, was silenced by transformation of T. reesei QM9414 strain with an antisense construct to create strain S6-2-2. The expression of the xyiH gene in the transformed strain S6-2-2 decreased at the mRNA level, and D-xylulokinase activity decreased after 48 h of incubation. This led to an increase in xylitol production from undetectable levels in wild-type T. reesei QM9414 to 8.6 mM in S6-2-2. The T. reesei Δxdh is a xylose dehydrogenase knockout strain with increased xylitol production compared to the wild-type T. reesei QM9414 (22.8 mM versus undetectable). The copy number of the xylose reductase gene (xyl1) in T. reesei Δxdh strain was increased by genetic engineering to create a new strain Δ9-5-1. The Δ9-5-1 strain showed a higher xyl1 expression and a higher yield of xylose reductase, and xylitol production was increased from 22.8 mM to 24.8 mM. Two novel strains S6-2-2 and Δ9-5-1 are capable of producing higher yields of xylitol. T. reesei has great potential in the industrial production of xylitol.
Two-Component Vortex Flow Studies of the Colloid Core Nuclear Rocket (1972)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Transforming growth factor‐β and Smad signalling in kidney diseases (2005)

Extensive studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in the progression of renal diseases. TGF-beta exerts its biological functions mainly through its downstream signalling molecules, Smad2 and Smad3. It is now clear that Smad3 is critical for TGF-beta's pro-fibrotic effect, whereas the functions of Smad2 in fibrosis in response to TGF-beta still need to be determined. Our recent studies have demonstrated that Smad signalling is also a critical pathway for renal fibrosis induced by other pro-fibrotic factors, such as angiotensin II and advanced glycation end products (AGE). These pro-fibrotic factors can activate Smads directly and independently of TGF-beta. They can also cause renal fibrosis via the ERK/p38 MAP kinase-Smad signalling cross-talk pathway. In contrast, blockade of Smad2/3 activation by overexpression of an inhibitory Smad7 prevents collagen matrix production induced by TGF-beta, angiotensin II, high glucose and AGE and attenuates renal fibrosis in various animal models including rat obstructive kidney, remnant kidney and diabetic kidney diseases. Results from these studies indicate that Smad signalling is a key and final common pathway of renal fibrosis. In addition, TGF-beta has anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties. Our most recent studies demonstrated that TGF-beta transgenic mice are protected against renal inflammation in mouse obstructive and diabetic models. Upregulation of renal Smad7, thereby blocking NF.kappaB activation via induction of IkappaBalpha, is a central mechanism by which TGF-beta inhibits renal inflammation. In conclusion, TGF-beta signals through Smad2/3 to mediate renal fibrosis, whereas induction of Smad7 inhibits renal fibrosis and inflammation. Thus, targeting Smad signalling by overexpression of Smad7 may have great therapeutic potential for kidney diseases.
Microwave system for the detection of trapped human beings (2002)

When a human body is illuminated by an electromagnetic wave, the backscattered wave is modulated by the periodical body (thoracic) movements due to heartbeat and breathing of the human target. With proper processing of this backscattered wave, it is possible to extract useful information for the heart and breathing signals that modulate it. The aim of this research project is the design and development of an X-band microwave life detection system for detecting humans trapped behind rubble or obstacles.
Lactation Defect with Impaired Secretory Activation in AEBP1-Null Mice (2011)

Adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) is a multifunctional protein that negatively regulates the tumor suppressor PTEN and IκBα, the inhibitor of NF-κB, through protein-protein interaction, thereby promoting cell survival and inflammation. Mice homozygous for a disrupted AEBP1 gene developed to term but showed defects in growth after birth. AEBP1(-/-) females display lactation defect, which results in the death of 100% of the litters nursed by AEBP1(-/-) dams. Mammary gland development during pregnancy appears normal in AEBP1(-/-) dams; however these mice exhibit expansion of the luminal space and the appearance of large cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in the mammary epithelial cells at late pregnancy and parturition, which is a clear sign of failed secretory activation, and accumulation of milk proteins in the mammary gland, presumably reflecting milk stasis following failed secretory activation. Eventually, AEBP1(-/-) mammary gland rapidly undergoes involution at postpartum. Stromal restoration of AEBP1 expression by transplanting wild-type bone marrow (BM) cells is sufficient to rescue the mammary gland defect. Our studies suggest that AEBP1 is critical in the maintenance of normal tissue architecture and function of the mammary gland tissue and controls stromal-epithelial crosstalk in mammary gland development.
Formulation and Evaluation of microsphere of Rebiprazole Sodium (2016)

Microspheres include microparticles and microcapsules (having a core of the drug) of 1-1000?m in diameter and consisting either entirely of a bioadhesive polymer or having an outer coating of it.In this work, an effort was made to formulate microsphere of Rabeprazole sodium by using different polymers. Prepared formulations are evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, percent mucoadhesion, Percent compressibility, Hausner's ration, percentage yield, size and surface morphology, interaction study by Differential scanning calorimeter and in vitro drug release. Formulation which passed all the evaluation parameters were considered as best formulation of Rabeprazole sodium.
Acetonitrile shortage: Use of isopropanol as an alternative elution system for ultra/high performance liquid chromatography (2010)

Acetonitrile is a choice of solvent for almost all chromatographic separations. In recent years, researchers around the globe have faced an acetonitrile shortage that affected routine analytical operations. Researchers have tried to counter this shortage by applying many innovative solutions, including using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) columns that are shorter and smaller in diameter than traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns, thus significantly decreasing the volume of eluent required. Although utilizing UPLC in place of HPLC can alleviate the solvent demand to some extent, acetonitrile is generally thought of as the solvent of choice due to its versatility. In the following communication, we describe an alternative eluent system that uses isopropanol in place of acetonitrile as an organic modifier for routine chromatographic separations. We report here the development of an isopropanol based UPLC protocol for G5 PAMAM dendrimer based conjugates that was transferred to semi-preparative applications.
Identification and regulation of renin in human cultured mesangial cells (1987)

Renin activity was measured in the incubation medium, and the cellular extract of human mesangial cells, which had been cultured in the presence of renin-free human plasma (three kidneys; 4-7 passages). Active renin and total renin obtained after trypsin treatment was estimated by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I using renin-free human plasma as a substrate. Mesangial cell renin had characteristics similar to those of standard human renin; optimum enzymatic activity at pH 5.8, marked inhibition in the presence of two (monoclonal and polyclonal) human renin-specific antibodies and of SR 42128, a new potent statine-containing renin inhibitory peptide. The synthetic capability of the mesangial cells varied markedly with the original kidney (1-49 and 0.3-0.9 ng X h-1 X mg-1 for total renin in the medium and the cellular extract respectively). Renin was secreted mainly as inactive renin. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and carba-prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) (a stable analogue) produced a dose-dependent (0.1-1.10 microM) increase in renin activity in both the cellular extract and the culture medium. Isoproterenol (200 microM) increased renin activity only in the medium. The effects of these agonists were more marked on inactive than on active renin. These results demonstrate that cultured human mesangial cells synthesize and release renin in a stable manner over a long period of culture, thus providing a useful tool for the in vitro study of renin secretion and its control.