gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α-Thienyl Substituted Aminoesters with Analgetic and Spasmolytic Properties (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-Thienyl Substituted Aminoesters with Analgetic and Spasmolytic PropertiesFrederick Leonard and Irving EhrenthalCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2216–2218Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a085RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (429 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Powered By Grease: The Case for Straight Vegetable Oil in the New Fuel Economy (2007)

The world is running out of oil.'It took centuries for the planet's oil reserves to naturally form; 2 but, at the world's current rate of consumption, oil reserves will be exhausted in less than 100 years. 3 The United States is the world's leading consumer of oil, 4 annually burning approximately one-quarter of the world's oil supply despite accounting for only 5% of the global population.Nonetheless, the United States has come to rely on imported oil more than ever. 61.
Efficient preparation of D-aspartic acid .BETA.-methyl ester as a aspoxicillin material by optical resolution, epimerization, and asymmetric transformation. (1989)

A practical preparation of D-aspartic acid β-methyl ester [D-Asp(OMe)], a raw material for the antibiotic aspoxicillin, has been developed by the use of a second-order asymmetric transformation. The diastereomeric resolution of DL-Asp(OMe) with (-)-1-phenylethanesulfonic acid (PES) resulted in salt formation of less soluble D-·(-) and more soluble L-·(-) in acetonitrile. The soluble L-·(-) was easily epimerized into DL-·(-) by heating it in acetonitrile in the presence of catalysts. Attempted fractional crystallization of DL-·(-) or L-·(-) under such epimerizing conditions led to the desired D-·(-) in 90% yield via equilibrium asymmetric transformation in a solid-liquid heterogeneous system. Details of optimum techniques for the asymmetric transformation are presented.From these results, unique preparation processes of both D-Asp(OMe) and D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine, important intermediate materials for aspoxicillin, have been achieved by asymmetric transformation using chiral PES as the resolving agent.
<scp>JAK</scp> inhibition induces silencing of T Helper cytokine secretion and a profound reduction in T regulatory cells (2015)

CD4(+) T cells maintain cancer surveillance and immune tolerance. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as a driver of clonal evolution in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), suggesting that T cells play an important role in their pathogenesis. Treatment with JAK inhibitors (JAKi) results in improvements in MPN-associated constitutional symptoms as well as reductions in splenomegaly. However, effects of JAKi on T cells in MPN are not well established and the baseline immune signature remains unclear. We investigated the frequency and function of CD4(+) T cell subsets in 50 MPN patients at baseline as well as during treatment with either ruxolitinib or fedratinib in a subset. We show that CD4(+) CD127(low) CD25(high) FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells are reduced in MPN patients compared to healthy controls and that this decrease is even more pronounced following JAKi therapy. Moreover, we show that after 6 months of treatment the number of T helper (Th)-17 cells increased. We also describe a functional 'silencing' of T helper cells both in vivo and in vitro and a blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines from these cells. This profound effect of JAKi on T cell function may underlay augmented rates of atypical infections that have been reported with use of these drugs.
Salicylic Acid Ointment Peeling of the Hands and Forearms: Effective Nonsurgical Removal of Pigmented Lesions and Actinic Damage (1992)

A methyl salicylate-buffered, croton oil-containing 50% salicylic acid ointment peel, following pretreatment with topical tretinoin and localized 20% trichloroacetic acid, is extremely effective for removal of lentigines, pigmented keratoses, and actinically damaged skin from the dorsum of the hands and forearms. The ease of application, uniform results, decreased risk of scarring, and one-time application of this peel, in comparison with other methods used for treatment of these aging-skin changes, warrants consideration by the dermatologic surgeon.
The photographic emulsion; the silver ion-gelatin equilibrium (1931)

Electro metric determination of silver ion activity in silver nitrate-gelatin solutions showed strong selective combination of silver ion with gelatin. This decreases with increasing hydrogen ion concentration, but does not vanish on the a,cid side of the isoelectric point. Similar measurements in silver bromide- immonia-gelatin solutions detected no combination of gelatin with the silver- immonia ion. The hydrolysis of silver bromide and chloride in thoroughly washed emulsions was calculated from the electrometric data and verified by direct experiment.
Quick Setting Property and Hydration of Portland Cement with Accelerating Agent Based on Calcium Aluminate. (2000)

The hydration of cement containing quick setting agents, where the setting agents were based on calcium aluminate, was investigated to discuss the relationship between quick setting properties and hydration characteristics of calcium aluminates. The calcium aluminate with different crystallinity and different CaO/Al2O3 molar ratio of 1.74 and 2.53 were synthesized by means of air quenching method. The following results were obtained.(1) A mixture of cement and calcium aluminate without additives did not have quick setting properties.(2) when a quick setter composed as a mixture of calcium aluminate with suitable amount of NaAlO2, Al(OH)3, CaO, Na2CO3 and CaSO4, the addition of 7% of the quick setter for cement mixture with W/C ratio of 0.6 resulted to set the paste within 30s to 2min. A mortar with W/C ratio of 0.6 and SO3/CaO ratio of 0.33 set within 10min.(3) Non-crystallinity and high CaO/Al2O3 molar ratio were very important for quick setter based on calcium aluminate.(4) A cement paste with 7% of quick setter evolved a large amount of heat of initial stage of hydration, which corresponded to the amount of ettringite formed. The larger the heat of hydration, the faster the setting time. In a paste having a good quick setting property, ettringite with 5 to 10μm in size were formed and these hydration products were well connected each other.
Photoreversible Resists for UV Nanoimprint Lithography (UV-NIL) (2010)

We designed a novel photoreversible resist for UV-NIL that comprises a photoreversible cross-linker (2-[(4-methyl-2-oxo-2 h-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy] ethyl ester, AHEMC). Under exposure of 365 nm UV light, this photoreversible resist can form a cross-linked network via radical polymerization of acrylate groups and photodimerization of coumarin moieties. The formed polymer networks containing coumarin dimer moieties could be degraded via illumination of point light source (254 nm). The reversibility of cross-linked system was helpful to refresh mold easily and release the adhered curing resist at room temperature.
Physical mechanisms of self-organization and formation of current patterns in gas discharges of the Townsend and glow types (2013)

The paper discusses current filamentation and formation of current structures (in particular, hexagonal current patterns) in discharges of the Townsend and glow types. The aim of the paper, which is in part a review, is to reveal basic reasons for formation of current patterns in different cases, namely, in dielectric barrier discharge, discharge with semiconductor cathode, and micro-discharge between metallic electrodes. Pursuing this goal, we give a very brief review of observations and discuss only those theoretical, computational, and experimental papers that shed light on the physical mechanisms involved. The mechanisms are under weak currents—the thermal expansion of the gas as a result of Joule heating; under enhanced currents—the electric field and ionization rate redistribution induced by space charge. Both mechanisms lead to instability of the homogeneous discharges. In addition, we present new results of numerical simulations of observed short-living current filaments which are chaotic in space and time.
Examination of recombinant truncated mature human fibroblast collagenase by mass spectrometry: Identification of differences with the published sequence and determination of stable isotope incorporation (1995)

Abstract Human fibroblast collagenase belongs to a family of matrix metalloproteinases which have been implicated in a number of connective tissue disorders ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to tumor invasion. To examine the active site of this enzyme by biophysical studies, a 19 kDa recombinant truncated mature collagenase (mCL‐t) was prepared. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry have been utilized for the characterization of mCL‐t. The molecular weights measured by these techniques identified the presence of two closely related protein components separated by approximately 100 Da. Edman sequence analysis demonstrated that the two protein components differ from each other by an amino terminal valine, consistent with the mass spectrometric data. In addition, the molecular weight of mCL‐t determined by mass spectrometry did not agree with that calculated from the reported sequence. To identify the origin of this discrepancy, the DNA sequence of the mCL‐t clone was examined. Several differences were noted between the DNA sequence of mCL‐t and the published collagenase gene sequence. When these differences were taken into account, the measured molecular weights were found to be in good agreement with that calculated for the modified sequence. In separate experiments, both ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry have been used to determine molecular weights of mCL‐t samples enriched with stable isotopes 15 N and ( 15 N+ 13 C). The measured molecular weights demonstrated a 97% ( 15 N) and 99% ( 15 N+ 13 C) incorporation of labeled isotopes in the two samples.
MultiCode-PLx System for Multiplexed Detection of Seventeen Respiratory Viruses (2007)

The MultiCode-PLx system (EraGen Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI) for the detection of respiratory viruses uses an expanded genetic alphabet, multiplex PCR chemistry, and microsphere flow cytometry to rapidly detect and specifically identify 17 different respiratory viruses directly in clinical specimens. The MultiCode-PLx system was tested in parallel with direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) staining and rapid shell vial culture (R-mix cells; Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc. Athens, OH) with 354 respiratory specimens from adult patients that were submitted to the clinical virology laboratory at the Emory University Hospital. Single-target PCRs were performed with retained samples to confirm the positive results obtained with the MultiCode-PLx system for viruses not covered by DFA and R-mix culture (metapneumovirus, coronaviruses [CoV], parainfluenza viruses 4a and 4b, and rhinoviruses) and to resolve any discrepancies between the DFA and R-mix culture and the MultiCode-PLx results for viruses common to both systems. Respiratory viruses were detected in 77 (21.8%) and 116 (32.7%) specimens by DFA and R-mix culture and with the MultiCode-PLx system, respectively. Among the viruses common to both systems, the MultiCode-PLx system detected significantly more influenza A viruses (P = 0.0026). An additional increased diagnostic yield with the MultiCode-PLx system resulted from the detection of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in 9 specimens, human CoV (HCoV) in 3 specimens, and human rhinovirus (HRV) in 16 specimens. Also, two mixed viral infections were detected by the MultiCode-PLx system (HCoV OC43 and HRV infections and HMPV and HRV infections), but none were detected by DFA and R-mix culture. Single-target PCRs verified the results obtained with the MultiCode-PLx system for 73 of 81 (90.1%) specimens that had discordant results or that were not covered by DFA and R-mix culture. The MultiCode-PLx system provides clinical laboratories with a practical, rapid, and sensitive means for the massively multiplexed molecular detection of common respiratory viruses.
Liapunov exponents from time series (1986)

We analyze in detail an algorithm for computing Liapunov exponents from an experimental time series. As an application, a hydrodynamic experiment is investigated.Received 24 April 1986DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.34.4971©1986 American Physical Society
Manufacturing Methods and Technology for Processing Cobalt-Samarium Magnets (1971)

Alternative manufacturing methods, processes, and techniques for fabrication of cobalt-samarium magnets were evaluated. A pre-production pilot line capable of producing cobalt-samarium magnets was established. The properties of magnets produced on this pre-production pilot line exceed: (BH) sub max 15 MGOe, B sub r 8.2 kG, H sub c -6.5 kOe, H sub d (at B/H = -1/2) -5.0 kOe, and irreversible the loss (at B/H = -1/2) on exposure to 150C less than 10%. The cost of magnets produced on this pre-production pilot line was approximately one fourth the cost the same size magnet would be if fabricated from cobalt-platinum. Magnets produced on this pilot line were used to successfully fabricate five traveling wave tubes. The performance of these tubes indicates that cobalt-samarium magnets are suitable for fabrication of traveling waves tubes; and, in fact, that they will allow further advances in the state- of-the-art in the design of such tubes.
Cytochrome P4501B1 mediates induction of bone marrow cytotoxicity and preleukemia cells in mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. (2000)

Humans are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through many environmental pollutants, especially cigarette smoke. These chemicals cause a variety of tumors and immunotoxic effects, as a consequence of bioactivation by P-450 cytochromes to dihydrodiol epoxides. The recently identified cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) bioactivates PAHs but is also a physiological regulator, as evidenced by linkage of CYP1B1 deficiency to congenital human glaucoma. This investigation demonstrates that CYP1B1 null mice are almost completely protected from the acute bone marrow cytotoxic and preleukemic effects of the prototypic PAH 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). CYP1B1 null mice did not produce the appreciable amounts of bone marrow DMBA dihydrodiol epoxide DNA adducts present in wild-type mice, despite comparable hepatic inductions of the prominent PAH-metabolizing P-450 cytochrome, CYP1A1. Wild-type mice constitutively expressed low levels of bone marrow CYP1B1. These findings suggest that CYP1B1 is responsible for the formation of DMBA dihydrodiol epoxides in the bone marrow. Furthermore, this study substantiates the importance of DMBA dihydrodiol epoxide generation at the site of cancer initiation and suggests that tissue-specific constitutive CYP1B1 expression may contribute to cancer susceptibility in the human population.
Synthesis and phase behaviour of new carbazole containing liquid crystal side chain polysiloxanes (1996)

Abstract A series of chiral mesogenic side chain polymers containing a carbazole unit have been synthesized and investigated with regard to their liquid crystal (1c) phase behaviour. The carbazole units are linked either via the 2‐position with a 1‐oxycarbonyl‐4‐alkoxylphenyl moiety (end‐on) or via the 9‐position with an alkyl chain (side‐on) to polymethylsiloxane. Only end‐on polymers with long spacers or a ratio bigger one of spacer length and the free lateral alkyl chain length exhibit stable or metastable smectic phases. The side‐on polymers are only isotropic or crystalline.
Performance analysis of the photon-counting image acquisition system (1985)

We have developed a photon-counting image acquisition system (PIAS), which can detect a two-dimensional object in a very low-light-level condition. The improvement of the system performance has been accomplished in an image distortion and gain drift owing to the improvement of the silicon PSD (position sensitive detector). The geometric shape of the electrode on the PSD has been redesigned, resulting in the small image distortion of less than 3%. The gain degradation of the electron-bombarded silicon PSD had been a biggest problem in the stable operation of the system. It has been successfully overcome by irradiating the electrons from back side of the PSD instead of front side as formerly. The spatial resolution of the system has been measured to be better than 16 1p/mm typically at the center. Its maximum data is 18 1p/mm or better. Experiments and a theoretical analysis has also been carried out to clarify the limiting parts of the spatial resolution. We have exprimented on system applications in astronomy, spectroscopes and microscopes. In astronomical observation, several kind of stars and galaxies were observed. And also using PIAS combined with the spectroscopy, we measured three spectrums nearby 365nm of Hg-lamp. Further in microscope application, we observed the fibroblast cell of rat by fluorescent microscope using PIAS.
Identification and Quantitation of Usnic Acid from the Lichen Usnea Species of Anatolia and Antimicrobial Activity (2006)

Six species of lichens, such as Usnea florida, Usnea barbata, Usnea longissima, Usnea rigida, Usnea hirta and Usnea subflorida, were collected from different areas of Anatolia (district of Antalya, Karabük, Qankiri, Giresun and Trabzon) in Turkey. Their usnic acid amounts in acetone extracts were determined by HPLC. In addition, antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Enterococcus faecalis (RSKK 508), Proteus mirabilis (Pasteur Ens. 235), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. It was shown that with increasing amount of usnic acid, the antimicrobial activity increased. Usnic acid contents of Usnea species varied between 0.22-6.49% of dry weight.
Numerical simulations of interference effects in photon-assisted electron energy-loss spectroscopy (2013)

Although the electromagnetic resonances of individual nanostructures can be studied by electron or photon interactions alone, exciting new possibilities open up through the simultaneous use of both. In photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM), for example, single nanostructures are optically excited by short, intense pulses and concurrently imaged with high spatial resolution by fast electrons, which act as negligible probes of electric fields. Controlling their relative arrival time provides access to the dynamics of the electromagnetic response in the near field by recording images of the electron energy loss (or gain) spectra. In this paper, we investigate the transition from optically dominated PINEM to conventional, electron-dominated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). During the systematic reduction of optical excitation intensity to zero, a novel electro-optical interference effect emerges. It reveals itself at those optical field strengths that lead to prominently visible constructive and destructive interference patterns of the optical and electron radiation fields which are scattered by a nanostructure. The interference patterns reported here allow one to achieve higher temporal, energy and spatial resolutions of the modal dynamics in electron microscopy.
Advertising in a stream (2014)

One of the most important innovations of social networking websites is the notion of a "feed", a sequence of news items presented to the user as a stream that expands as the user scrolls down. The common method for monetizing such streams is to insert ads in between news items. In this paper, we model this setting, and observe that allocation and pricing of ad insertions in a stream poses interesting algorithmic and mechanism design challenges. In particular, we formulate an optimization problem that captures a typical stream ad placement setting. We give an approximation algorithm for this problem that provably achieves a value close to the optimal, and show how this algorithm can be turned into an incentive compatible mechanism. Finally, we conclude with a simple practical algorithm that makes the allocation decisions in an online fashion. We prove this algorithm to be approximately welfare-maximizing and show that it also has good incentive properties.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITORS OF POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS. V‐ IN VIVO EFFECTS OF α‐METHYL‐(.+‐.)‐ORNITHINE AND α‐METHYL‐(.+‐.)‐ORNITHINE TERT‐BUTYL ESTER (1978)

Abstract Die Wirkung der Titelverbindungen auf die Lebensdauer und den Polyamidspiegel von Mäusen, die mit L‐1 210 lxmgh ‐ tischen Leukämie‐Zellen behandelt worden sind, wird untersucht.
Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production-distribution systems (1993)

A conflict often arises between production and marketing or distribution in many firms. Production management would like batch sizes to be large and production smoothed so that additional set-up costs and work force change costs are minimized. Distribution management, on the other hand, would like batch sizes to be small, with frequent changeovers, so that production responds quickly to the changing picture of market demand. It is our purpose in this paper to analyze the management of materials in an integrated supply chain operation. We present a model of a simple integrated production-distribution system and examine its performance characteristics. We present an algorithm for obtaining near-optimal solutions. We limit our examination to a basic single-product, three-location network which consists of a single-station model of a factory, a finished goods stockpile, and a single retailer. This basic network serves to illustrate the key tradeoffs of interest.
Molecular Structure and Adsorption of Dimethyl Sulfoxide at the Surface of Aqueous Solutions (1999)

Surface vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy complemented with surface tension measurements has been utilized to probe the air/ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interface as a function of DMSO concentration in water. For the neat DMSO surface, the DMSO methyl groups extend away from the liquid phase and VSFG polarization studies show that the methyl transition dipole moments of pure DMSO are on average oriented a maximum of 55° from the surface normal. A blue shift of the methyl symmetric stretch is observed with decreasing DMSO concentration and attributed to an electronic interaction between the sulfur and the methyl groups of DMSO. From surface tension data of the aqueous DMSO system, it is shown that DMSO number densities are higher at the surface of DMSO−water solutions relative to bulk DMSO concentrations revealing surface partitioning effects. Structural changes of surface DMSO are discussed in terms of monomers, dimers, and clusters which could account for the large differences in VSFG intensities and surface number densities. From surface tension measurements and utilizing DMSO activities, ΔG0ads is calculated to be −19.8 (±0.4) kJ/mol.