gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GEOMETRIC ALGORITHMS FOR STATIC LEAF SEQUENCING PROBLEMS IN RADIATION THERAPY (2004)

The static leaf sequencing (SLS) problem arises in radiation therapy for cancer treatments, aiming to accomplish the delivery of a radiation prescription to a target tumor in the minimum amount of delivery time. Geometrically, the SLS problem can be formulated as a 3-D partition problem for which the 2-D problem of partitioning a polygonal domain (possibly with holes) into a minimum set of monotone polygons is a special case. In this paper, we present new geometric algorithms for a basic case of the 3-D SLS problem (which is also of clinical value) and for the general 3-D SLS problem. Our basic 3-D SLS algorithm, based on new geometric observations, produces guaranteed optimal quality solutions using O(1) Steiner points in polynomial time; the previously best known basic 3-D SLS algorithm gives optimal outputs only for the case without considering any Steiner points, and its time bound involves a multiplicative factor of a factorial function of the input. Our general 3-D SLS algorithm is based on our basic 3-D SLS algorithm and a polynomial time algorithm for partitioning a polygonal domain (possibly with holes) into a minimum set of x-monotone polygons, and has a fast running time. Experiments of our SLS algorithms and software in clinical settings have shown substantial improvements over the current most popular commercial treatment planning system and the most well-known SLS algorithm in medical literature. The radiotherapy plans produced by our software not only take significantly shorter delivery times, but also have a much better treatment quality. This proves the feasibility of our software and has led to its clinical applications at the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Some of our techniques and geometric procedures (e.g., for partitioning a polygonal domain into a minimum set of x-monotone polygons) are interesting in their own right.
Electron-beam processing of deep-UV resist (1997)

To advance production processing well beyond 0.30 micrometer design rules, it is considered necessary to introduce deep-UV photolithography. Currently, most deep-UV photoresist systems are based on poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) resins, which have good thermal properties. When combined with photo-acid generators (PAG) and dissolution inhibitors, the thermal properties of the resulting resists are severely reduced. Since the Tg of these types of advanced resists are in the 100 to 120 degree Celsius region, it is necessary to apply a stabilization process to the resists prior to processing at high temperatures. This study investigates the application of electron beam stabilization processing to deep-UV resist materials. A PHS based deep-UV resist, and a solution of the PHS resin material, have been evaluated to determine the nature of the reactions induced by electron beam exposure. Chemical changes induced in the resist, or resin, are evaluated via FTIR analysis. Changes in optical properties are evaluated using UV/visible reflectance as well as changes in index of refraction. Film shrinkage is determined for all processing conditions. Thermal properties are evaluated by DSC and TGA techniques. The Tg of the processed resist is presented as a function of electron beam exposure. Thermal flow properties are evaluated via SEM cross sections of resist features exposed to high temperatures after electron beam stabilization. Electron beam stabilized films are demonstrated to withstand temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Celsius. The resist or resin materials properties are evaluated as a function of electron beam dose level and stabilization process temperature. Trends in materials properties are evaluated and optimized process conditions are presented for a range of production processing applications.
A Practical Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Hydrobenzoins via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Benzils (1999)

Asymmetric reduction of benzil with RuCl[(S,S)-Tsdpen)(η6-p-cymene) in a mixture of formic acid and triethylamine proceeds with a substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 1000−2000 to give (R,R)-hydrobenzoin quantitatively with high diastereomeric (97% de) and enantiomeric purities (>99% ee), in which the benzoin intermediate with a chirally labile stereogenic center is converted to one major stereoisomer, (R,R)-product, via dynamic kinetic resolution.
Human SWI/SNF-Associated PRMT5 Methylates Histone H3 Arginine 8 and Negatively Regulates Expression of <i>ST7</i> and <i>NM23</i> Tumor Suppressor Genes (2004)

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been implicated in transcriptional activation and repression, but their role in controlling cell growth and proliferation remains obscure. We have recently shown that PRMT5 can interact with flag-tagged BRG1- and hBRM-based hSWI/SNF chromatin remodelers and that both complexes can specifically methylate histones H3 and H4. Here we report that PRMT5 can be found in association with endogenous hSWI/SNF complexes, which can methylate H3 and H4 N-terminal tails, and show that H3 arginine 8 and H4 arginine 3 are preferred sites of methylation by recombinant and hSWI/SNF-associated PRMT5. To elucidate the role played by PRMT5 in gene regulation, we have established a PRMT5 antisense cell line and determined by microarray analysis that more genes are derepressed when PRMT5 levels are reduced. Among the affected genes, we show that suppressor of tumorigenicity 7 (ST7) and nonmetastatic 23 (NM23) are direct targets of PRMT5-containing BRG1 and hBRM complexes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of ST7 and NM23 is reduced in a cell line that overexpresses PRMT5 and that this decrease in expression correlates with H3R8 methylation, H3K9 deacetylation, and increased transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. These findings suggest that the BRG1- and hBRM-associated PRMT5 regulates cell growth and proliferation by controlling expression of genes involved in tumor suppression.
Therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis in diabetic Chinese (2004)

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatment on diabetic Chinese withchronic periodontitis. Methods Moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis ( CP) was studied in 36 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients classified as 20 with high and fluctuating blood glucose level (DM-H) and 16 with relatively low and stable blood glucose level (DM-L). 28 non-DM CP patients acted as controls (Non-DM). Plaque index (PlI) , gingival index (GI) , bleeding on probing (BOP) , probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL) of all patients were recorded at 6 sites on each tooth at the baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after oral hygiene instruction (OHI), scaling and root planing. Results It was found that the short-term effect of non-surgical periodon-tal procedure had resulted in significant resolution of gingival inflammation and pronounced reduction in pocket depth and gain of attachment loss in both DM and Non-DM CP patients. Conclusion The pilot study suggested that non-surgical periodontal treatment allowed for favorable treatment responses in a group of Chinese diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis and that their various profiles of blood glucose did not influence the short-term healing response to OHI, scaling and root planning.
Improvement of resistive switching characteristics in TiO2 thin films with embedded Pt nanocrystals (2009)

We have fabricated TiO2 thin films with embedded Pt nanocrystals (Pt-NCs) and investigated the resistive switching characteristics for nonvolatile memory application. Reversible and steady bistable resistance switching behavior was observed for the Pt/TiO2/Pt capacitors with Pt-NCs embedded in the TiO2 films. Moreover, an improvement in the stability of resistance switching and retention properties was also achieved from the embedding of uniform and fine Pt-NCs.
Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Codelivery of STING and TLR7/8 Agonists (2018)

Vaccines are the most effective tool for preventing infectious diseases; however, subunit vaccines, considered the safest type, suffer from poor immunogenicity and require adjuvants to create a strong and sustained immune response. As adjuvants, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) offer potent immunostimulatory properties and defined mechanisms of action through their cognate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Their activity can be further enhanced through combining two or more PAMPs, particularly those that activate multiple immune signaling pathways. However, the cytosolic localization of many PRRs requires intracellular delivery of PAMPs for optimal biological activity, which is particularly true of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) PRR. Using acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) encapsulating STING agonist 3'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) combined with soluble PAMPS, we screened the effect of codelivery of adjuvants using primary mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). We identified that codelivery of cGAMP MPs and soluble Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) elicited the broadest cytokine response. cGAMP and R848 were then coencapsulated within Ace-DEX MPs via electrospray. Using the model antigen ovalbumin, we observed that Ace-DEX MPs coencapsulating cGAMP and R848 (cGAMP/R848 Ace-DEX MPs) induced antigen-specific cellular immunity, and a balanced Th1/Th2 humoral response that was greater than cGAMP Ace-DEX MPs alone and PAMPs delivered in separate MPs. These data indicate that polymeric Ace-DEX MPs loaded with STING and TLR7/8 agonists represent a potent cellular and humoral vaccine adjuvant.
Array calibration in the presence of multipath (2000)

We present an algorithm for the calibration of sensor arrays in the presence of multipath. The algorithm is based on two sets of calibration data obtained from two angularly separated transmitting points. We show the similarity between the calibration problem and blind identification of SIMO systems and analyze the identifiability of the problem. Simulation results demonstrating the performance of the algorithm are included.
Comparison of the FemoStop device and manual pressure in reducing groin puncture site complications following coronary angioplasty and coronary stent placement (2001)

This study compared two techniques, the FemoStop device (RADI Medical Systems, Uppsala, Sweden) and manual pressure, currently used by nurses to achieve haemostasis at the groin puncture site following removal of femoral arterial sheaths in patients following coronary angioplasty and coronary stent placement. Participants were randomly allocated the FemoStop device or manual pressure. Participants' groins were observed for evidence of complications including haemorrhage, haematoma formation and pseudoaneurysm following removal of the femoral arterial sheath and the following day. Of the 274 participants recruited into the study, 5.5% (n = 15) were unable to be included as a result of the absence of data on the Angioplasty Record of Care Form (n = 5) or excessive bleeding at the groin puncture site (n = 10). This left 259 eligible participants. Of these, 18.1% (n = 47) did not have their groin puncture site inspected by a post-procedural observer, thereby reducing the number of participants eligible to complete all stages of the study to 212. The results showed that the presence of a haematoma on removal of the femoral arterial sheath had a significant relationship with the type of treatment used, with those participants in the FemoStop device group showing a greater incidence of haematoma development at the time of sheath removal than those in the manual pressure group. No significant difference was detected in haematoma formation or bleeding between the two groups as a result of the risk factors identified in the literature, including participant anxiety, weight or anticoagulant therapy. There was not any significant difference between the two groups in reported pain during removal of the femoral arterial sheath; however, there was a significant distinction in the amount of time taken to achieve haemostasis. The results showed that haemostasis was achieved more quickly in those participants in the manual pressure group than those in the FemoStop group. The results of this research study indicate that although manual pressure achieved haemostasis more quickly than the FemoStop device, both methods are as effective in reducing groin complications in patients following removal of the femoral arterial sheath following coronary angioplasty and stent placement.
Fluorine in Bioorganic Chemistry (1991)

Amino acids fluorinated amines fluorinated acids and ethers fluorinated alcohols fluorinated phosphonic acids and derivatives fluorinated ketones fluorinated sugars fluorinated prostaglandins fluorinated steroids fluorinated purines and pyrmidines fluorinated aromatics.
Performance of WDM transport networks (1998)

Wavelength division multiplexed point-to-point transport is becoming commonplace in wide area networks. With the expectation that the next step is end-to-end networking of wavelengths (in the optical domain without conversion to electronics), there is a need for new design techniques, a new understanding of the performance issues, and a new performance evaluation methodology in such networks. This paper describes approaches to that end, summarizes research results, and points to open problems.
Personalization in advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles: A review (2017)

The field of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) has matured towards more and more complex assistance functions, applied with wider scope and a strongly increasing number of possible users due to wider market penetration. To deal with such a large variety of use conditions and usage patterns, personalization methods have been developed to ensure optimal user experience and supplied system function. In this paper we review personalization approaches for ADAS systems that target an adaptation to the drivers' preferences, driving styles, skills and driving patterns. We discuss the general assumptions on which personalization in the automotive context is based, the general design of personalized ADAS, the current approaches, and their practical realization and point out open issues in the design and implementation of a personalized driving experience.
Current and Future Concepts in Hepatitis C Therapy (2005)

The goal of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy is permanent viral eradication. This requires the use of drug combinations with multiple modes of action. Steady-state HCV replication kinetics can be disrupted by drugs that inhibit virus production (antiviral molecules), inhibit de novo cell infection, and/or accelerate the clearance of infected cells. Pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin combine all of these mechanisms of action when used together, yet fail to clear HCV from a significant number of patients. New therapeutic approaches are needed. The next generation of anti-HCV therapeutic agents will fall into four main categories: new interferons and interferon inducers, alternatives to ribavirin, specific HCV inhibitors, and immune therapies. Ideally, these new treatments will increase the rate of sustained viral eradication and improve tolerability and acceptability. Drug combinations will be tailored to the individual patient, based on baseline parameters and viral kinetics during therapy.
Movement of a semipermeable vesicle through an osmotic gradient (1983)

A theory is presented for the movement of a vesicle in response to a gradient in concentration of an impermeable molecular solute. The vesicle is a fluid sphere bounded by a rigid semipermeable membrane which prevents solute from crossing it. The external solute gradient acts as an osmotic driving force for solvent exchange across the membrane; thus, the membrane converts the solute gradient into mechanical stresses which propel the vesicle toward regions of lower solute concentration. The speed of the vesicle is essentially independent of the fluid viscosity, only weakly dependent on the vesicle size, and directly proportional to the solute concentration gradient in the external fluid.
NCAM and lung cancer (1994)

The presence of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is indicative for a poor prognosis in lung-cancer patients. Using MAb 735, we have investigated the expression of polysialic acid, PSA, on NCAM in a spectrum of neuro-endocrine lung tumors, ranging from the slowly growing typical carcinoids via the atypical carcinoids with clinically unpredictable behavior to the highly aggressive small-cell lung carcinomas. Our immunohistochemical findings indicate a significant association between the presence of PSA on the tumor cells and an aggressive and immature sub-type of the tumor. This might be related to impairment of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by the presence of PSA, as we demonstrated in vitro, since detachment is one of the first steps in the metastatic process. The NCAM-MAb 123C3 used in these studies appeared extremely useful in immunoscintigraphy and immunotherapy of SCLC xenografts in nude mice, and for immunoscintigraphy of a SCLC patient. This may be explained by internalization of the 123C3 antibody, which we demonstrated in vitro. 123C3 is the only Cluster-I SCLC MAb studied thus far that becomes internalized.
Synthesis and characterization of alkaline-earth-metal .beta.-diketonate complexes used as precursors for chemical vapor deposition of thin film superconductors (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of alkaline-earth-metal .beta.-diketonate complexes used as precursors for chemical vapor deposition of thin film superconductorsS. B. Turnipseed, R. M. Barkley, and R. E. SieversCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 6, 1164–1170Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00006a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00006a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A practical secure physical random bit generator (1998)

We sugg=t a practical and economical way to generate random bits using a computer disk drive * a source of randomn-.
Multichannel phase-shifted interferometer (1984)

A new real-time interferometer based on diffraction phenomena is discussed. It consists of a point-diffraction interferometer fabricated on a transmission grating. The real-time data-analysis capability is achieved by simultaneously introducing a phase shift (piston) on the three separate channels of diffracted interferograms. Mathematical analysis and preliminary observational results are included.
Highly Linear 0.18-<tex>$mu$</tex>m CMOS Power Amplifier With Deep n-Well Structure (2006)

The linearity of a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS power amplifier (PA) is improved by adopting a deep n-well (DNW). To find the reason for the improvement, bias dependent nonlinear parameters of the test devices are extracted from a small-signal model and a Volterra series analysis for an optimized nMOS PA with a proper matching circuit is carried out. From the analysis, it is revealed that the DNW of the nMOS lowers the harmonic distortion generated from the intrinsic gate-source capacitance (C/sub gs/), which is the dominant nonlinear source, and partially from drain junction capacitance (C/sub jd/). Single-ended and differential PAs for 2.45-GHz WLAN are designed and fabricated using a 0.18-/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The single-ended PA with the DNW improves IMD3 and IMD5 about 5 dB with identical power performances, i.e., 20 dBm of P/sub out/, 18.7 dB of power gain and 31% of power-added efficiency (PAE) at P/sub 1dB/. The IMD3 and IMD5 are below -40 dBc and -47dBc, respectively. The differential PA with the DNW also shows about 7 dB improvements of IMD3 and IMD5 with 20.2 dBm of P/sub out/, 18.9 dB of power gain and 35% of PAE at P/sub 1dB/. The IMD3 and IMD5 are below -45 dB and -57 dBc, respectively. These performances of the linear PAs are state-of-the-art results.
<i>In vitro</i>mutagenesis of the putative replicase genes of tobacco mosaic virus (1986)

We have established an in vitro transcription system to produce infectious tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA from a cloned cDNA copy. Using this system, several TMV mutants were transcribed in vitro from cDNA clones mutagenized at or near the leaky amber termination codon of the 130K protein gene, and their infectivity was assayed on tobacco plants. Three (two frame-shift and one non-sense) mutants with an intact 130K but a defective 180K protein gene were not infectious, while two mutants with a one-amino-acid insertion in the 180K protein gene were infectious. When the amber codon of the 130K protein gene was deleted, infectivity was lost. However, when the amber termination codon was replaced with ochre or tyrosine codon, infectivity was retained. Sequence analyses revealed that introduced mutations were retained in progeny viral sequences except in the progeny of the amber-to-tyrosine mutant, which was a mixture of the parental mutagenized virus and a pseudo-revertant with ochre codon.
One or Two-Step Bohlmann-Rahtz Heteroannulation of 6-Aminouracil Derivatives for the Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (2002)

The Michael addition-cyclodehydration of a 6-aminouracil and alkynone proceeds to give 5-deazapterin derivatives with total control of regiochemistry. This simple and facile cyclocondensation process is catalyzed by zinc(II) bromide or ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate at 110 °C, providing the heteroannulated products in up to 94% yield.