gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE DETECTION OF HAPLOIDS IN MAIZE (1964)

Journal Article THE DETECTION OF HAPLOIDS IN MAIZE Get access E. H. COE, JR., E. H. COE, JR. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. R. SARKAR K. R. SARKAR *Geneticist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture and Assistant, Field Crops Department, University of MissouriColumbia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 55, Issue 5, September 1964, Pages 231–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107340 Published: 01 September 1964
The Strength of Snow in Compression (1956)

Abstract The hardness observations taken in the Canadian Snow Survey are analysed and found to depend on snow density, temperature, and crystal size. This strength property of the snow is found to be highly variable and the variability is attributed to unstable bonding between individual snow grains.
Steady-state security in distribution networks with large wind farms (2014)

Aging network assets, forced and unforced outages, and the way the networks are operated in a deregulated market are of significant concerns to integrate large wind farms in a distribution network. In many cases, the constrained network capacity is a potential barrier to the large-scale integration of wind power. This paper probabilistically assesses the steady-state security in a distribution network in the presence of large wind farms. The approach incorporates active distribution network operating conditions, including intermittent power outputs, random outages, demand fluctuations, and dynamic interactions and exchanges, and then assesses the steady state security using Monte Carlo simulation. A case study is performed by integrating large wind farms into a distribution network. The results suggest that intermittent outputs of large wind farms in a distribution network can impact the steady-state security considerably. However, the level of impact of wind farms does not necessarily correlate with the installed capacity of them.
Expression cloning of a reserpine-sensitive vesicular monoamine transporter. (1992)

A cDNA for a rat vesicular monoamine transporter, designated MAT, was isolated by expression cloning in a mammalian cell line (CV-1). The cDNA sequence predicts a protein of 515 amino acids with 12 putative membrane-spanning domains. The characteristics of [3H]serotonin accumulation by CV-1 cells expressing the cDNA clone suggested sequestration by an intracellular compartment. In cells permeabilized with digitonin, uptake was ATP dependent with an apparent Km of 1.3 microM. Uptake was abolished by the proton-translocating ionophore carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and with tri-(n-butyl)tin, an inhibitor of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. The rank order of potency to inhibit uptake was reserpine > tetrabenazine > serotonin > dopamine > norepinephrine > epinephrine. Direct comparison of [3H]monoamine uptake indicated that serotonin was the preferred substrate. Photolabeling of membranes prepared from CV-1 cells expressing MAT with 7-azido-8-[125I]iodoketanserin revealed a predominant tetrabenazine-sensitive photolabeled glycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 75 kDa. The mRNA that encodes MAT was present specifically in monoamine-containing cells of the locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, and raphe nucleus of rat brain, each of which expresses a unique plasma membrane reuptake transporter. The MAT cDNA clone defines a vesicular monoamine transporter representing a distinct class of neurotransmitter transport molecules.
Electron Diffraction of Wet Retina Rod Disc Membranes (1973)

Electron diffraction is extremely useful in studying membrane preparations in microscopic quantities. Although certain biological membranes, especially those occured in natural lemella form, have been subject to X-ray diffraction studies, so far no electron diffraction study of wet membranes had been reported, apart from a preliminary attempt made in this laboratory.! The reasons had been: 1) The inability to keep the specimen in its natural state during observation, and 2) The naturally occured lemella of membranes such as nerve myelin, retina rod and chloroplast are usually too thick for the electron beam to penetrate. We report here our preliminary results on an electron diffraction study of the disc membranes of whole wet retina rod outer segments, using the 1 Mev electron microscope at the U.S. Steel Research Center at Monroeville, Pa., with a hydration stage built by this laboratory for that microscope.
Replication-Competent Infectious Hepatitis B Virus Vectors Carrying Substantially Sized Transgenes by Redesigned Viral Polymerase Translation (2013)

Viral vectors are engineered virus variants able to deliver nonviral genetic information into cells, usually by the same routes as the parental viruses. For several virus families, replication-competent vectors carrying reporter genes have become invaluable tools for easy and quantitative monitoring of replication and infection, and thus also for identifying antivirals and virus susceptible cells. For hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small enveloped DNA virus causing B-type hepatitis, such vectors are not available because insertions into its tiny 3.2 kb genome almost inevitably affect essential replication elements. HBV replicates by reverse transcription of the pregenomic (pg) RNA which is also required as bicistronic mRNA for the capsid (core) protein and the reverse transcriptase (Pol); their open reading frames (ORFs) overlap by some 150 basepairs. Translation of the downstream Pol ORF does not involve a conventional internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We reasoned that duplicating the overlap region and providing artificial IRES control for translation of both Pol and an in-between inserted transgene might yield a functional tricistronic pgRNA, without interfering with envelope protein expression. As IRESs we used a 22 nucleotide element termed Rbm3 IRES to minimize genome size increase. Model plasmids confirmed its activity even in tricistronic arrangements. Analogous plasmids for complete HBV genomes carrying 399 bp and 720 bp transgenes for blasticidin resistance (BsdR) and humanized Renilla green fluorescent protein (hrGFP) produced core and envelope proteins like wild-type HBV; while the hrGFP vector replicated poorly, the BsdR vector generated around 40% as much replicative DNA as wild-type HBV. Both vectors, however, formed enveloped virions which were infectious for HBV-susceptible HepaRG cells. Because numerous reporter and effector genes with sizes of around 500 bp or less are available, the new HBV vectors should become highly useful tools to better understand, and combat, this important pathogen.
Cerenkov Ring Imaging (1981)

Results are reported from an analysis of the aberrations of the Cerenkov ring image. Particular attention has been given to optical aberrations and the condition for improved image quality is formulated. The energy resolution Δγ/γ for two different detector systems, one having a liquid neon radiator and the other a gaseous Argon radiator, has been calculated to illustrate the importance of the different sources of aberration.
DEPRESSION OF THE PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN WOMEN TREATED WITH SYNTHETIC GESTAGENS AFTER OVULATION (1971)

ABSTRACT Norethisterone1), norgestrel, chlormadinone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate was given orally from the third day after ovulation or later for various numbers of days to healthy young women. The day of ovulation was calculated from the urinary excretion of oestrogens and the plasma levels of progesterone. The daily plasma levels of progesterone and the length of the luteal phase was used to evaluate the effect of treatment during 32 cycles. All four tested gestagens produced a significant depression of the plasma levels of progesterone. The dose required varied with the gestagen used. The lowest total dose used to produce this decrease in the progesterone levels was for norethisterone 30 mg, for dl-norgestrel 12 mg, for chlormadinone acetate 300 mg and for medroxyprogesterone acetate 360 mg. Apart from the total dose the duration of treatment seemed to influence the result. As expected the onset of menstrual bleeding was delayed despite plasma levels of progesterone below 1 ng per ml when the treatment was prolonged. Chlormadinone acetate delayed menstrual bleeding more than medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethisterone or norgestrel. The depression of progesterone production is probably mediated through an inhibition of enzyme systems in the corpus luteum. No true luteolytic effect could be assigned to the compounds tested, as injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin caused an increase in the plasma levels of progesterone, indicating the capacity of the corpus luteum to produce progesterone despite the inhibition caused by the gestagens.
Compact Robotically Steerable Image-Guided Instrument for Multi-Adjacent-Point (MAP) Targeting (2014)

Accurately targeting multi-adjacent points (MAPs) during image-guided percutaneous procedures is challenging due to needle deflection and misalignment. The associated errors can result in inadequate treatment of cancer in the case of prostate brachytherapy, or inaccurate diagnosis during biopsy, while repeated insertions increase procedure time, radiation dose, and complications. To address these challenges, we present an image-guided robotic system capable of MAP targeting of irregularly shaped volumes after a single insertion of a percutaneous instrument. The design of the compact CT-compatible drive mechanism is based on a nested screw and screw-spline combination that actuates a straight outer cannula and a curved inner stylet that can be repeatedly straightened when retracted inside the cannula. The stylet translation and cannula rotation/translation enable a 3-D workspace to be reached with the stylet's tip. A closed-form inverse kinematics and image-to-robot registration are implemented in an image-guided system including a point-and-click user interface. The complete system is successfully evaluated with a phantom under a Siemens Definition Flash CT scanner. We demonstrate that the system is capable of MAP targeting for a 2-D shape of the letter “H” and a 3-D helical pattern with an average targeting error of 2.41 mm. These results highlight the benefit and efficacy of the proposed robotic system in seed placement during image-guided brachytherapy.
Measurements in the millimeter to micron range (1967)

Measurement techniques and measuring instruments in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength range are described. Included are discussions of devices in dominant (TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> )-mode rectangular waveguide such as a bolometer which possesses an efficiency of 95 percent, a gas absorption wattmeter with an accuracy of 5 percent and a sensitivity of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> watts, and isolators and variable attenuators. Components in circular TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> -mode waveguide are described, including a standing-wave indicator with a residual VSWR of 1.02 and an adjustable attenuator with 30 dB of attenuation and a VSWR of 1.08. Devices for use in free space include a pair of dielectric prisms for use as an adjustable directional coupler, a hybrid junction, and an adjustable attenuator. Attenuation is readily adjustable from zero to 30 dB with directivity in excess of 15 dB. Also described are dielectric slab filters and calorimetric power meters with accuracies of 0.5 percent in the power range 1-50 mW. Interferometers for use as wavemeters with accuracy as good as 0.04 percent and for use as cavities with Q as high as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> are described. They can be used in the measurement of dielectric constant with accuracies of 2 percent. Measurements of the characteristics, attenuation, field distribution, and loss per iteration of beam waveguides and reflecting beam guides have been made which yield good confirmation of theoretical predictions. Measurements of focal length, aberrations, and other characteristics of gas lenses for use in free-space waveguides are described. Measurements are carried out using the lateral shear interferometer, and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Automatic grape bunch detection in vineyards for precise yield estimation (2015)

Precise yield estimation using image processing techniques has been demonstrated conceptually on a small scale. Expanding these solutions to larger scale applications requires significant computational power, which need to analyze the entirety of all captured image data. However, many images captured for yield estimation in these processes only contain small areas of useful features for analysis. This paper introduces an image processing algorithm combining color and texture information, and the use of a support vector machine, to accelerate fruit detection by isolating useful features in images. Experiments carried out on two varieties of red grapes (Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon) demonstrate an accuracy of 87% and recall of 90%. This method is also shown to remove the restriction on the field of view and background, which limited existing methods and is a first step towards precise and reliable yield estimation on a large scale.
Effects of Environmental Temperature and Dietary Ascorbic Acid on the Diurnal Feeding Pattern of Broilers (2000)

The present study was carried out to determine the diurnal feeding patterns of broiler chickens given a choice between ascorbic acid (AA) supplemented and unsupplemented feeds under heated or unheated conditions. Broiler chickens were offered supplemented (with 200 mg AA/kg feed) and unsupplemented feeds, and the feeding behaviour for each feed was monitored by continuous recording of the weight of the feed container for 4 days under unheated (UH) and the next 4 days under heated (H) conditions. The weight and timing of each meal was used to calculate cumulative feed intake, AA intake, number of meals, mean meal size and length, intermeal interval, interval length, eating time and consumption rate. The results showed that heating had a significant (P
Solution‐Controlled Dissolution of Supplementary Cementitious Material Glasses at pH 13: The Effect of Solution Composition on Glass Dissolution Rates (2013)

Supplementary cementitious materials ( SCM s) are widely used to partially replace portland clinker in blended cements. Reducing clinker contents further without compromising the development of early strength necessitates a better assessment and enhancement of the reactivity of the available SCM s. To this purpose, the reactivity of synthesized calcium aluminosilicate glasses covering a compositional range from blast‐furnace slags (BFS) over fly ashes to silica fume was analyzed by dissolution experiments. Initial glass dissolution rates were measured at 20°C and pH 13, and with varying initial concentrations of aqueous Al , Ca , and Si . At pH 13, glass dissolution rates were observed to scale linearly with the glass Ca /( Al + Si ) molar ratio. Ca ‐rich blast‐furnace type glass dissolution was shown to be up to one order of magnitude faster than tectosilicate fly ash and silica fume type glass dissolution, supporting different pathways to dissolution. In solutions that are strongly undersaturated with respect to hydrous glass and hydration products, glass dissolution rates are independent of changes in solution undersaturation and aqueous Si activity. In contrast, dissolution rates decrease with aqueous Ca concentration for all glasses and with aqueous Al concentration for tectosilicate‐type glasses. The insights gained are instrumental in finding ways to enhance SCM reactivity.
Preparation of Methylenebisamides<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Methylenebisamides1Charles W. Sauer and Robert J. BruniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 9, 2559–2560Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01614a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01614a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collision avoidance planning of a robot manipulator by using genetic algorithm. A consideration for the problem in which moving obstacles and/or several robots are included in the workspace (2002)

There have been proposed various approaches for solving the collision avoidance problem of a robot manipulator. However, unfortunately, almost all of the research in this area has so far only dealt with the collision avoidance problem in which moving obstacles are not included in the workspace of a robot manipulator. In this paper, it is shown that path planning and the collision avoidance planning problem of a robot manipulator whose workspace includes moving obstacles can be solved successfully by using a genetic algorithm. Following a brief explanation of Simple GA, the new concept of pseudo-potential is introduced in order to detect the possibility of collision with moving obstacles in the future steps. This concept is utilized in order to evaluate a fitness function of a chromosome which represents a path connecting the starting point with the goal in the workspace of a robot manipulator and construct an appropriate collision avoidance planning. A computer simulation dealing with the collision avoidance problem of two robot manipulators confirms the effectiveness of our approach. >
Submicron resolution of secondary radiation in LIGA polymethyl-methacrylate resist exposure (2004)

Secondary radiation during LIGA polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resist exposure adversely affects feature definition, sidewall taper, and overall sidewall offset. Additionally, it can degrade the resist adjacent to the substrate, leading to the loss of free-standing features through undercutting during resist development or through mechanical failure of the degraded material. The source of this radiation includes photoelectrons, Auger electrons, fluorescence photons, etc. Sandia's Integrated Tiger Series (ITS), a coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code, is used to compute dose profiles within 1 to 2 µm of the absorber edge and near the interface of the resist with a metallized substrate. The difficulty of submicron resolution requirement was overcome by solving a few local problems, having carefully designed micron-scale geometries. The results for a 10-keV x-ray photons source indicate a 2-µm dose transition region near the absorber edge, resulting from PMMA photoelectrons. This region leads to sidewall offset and to tapered sidewalls following resist development. The results also show a dose boundary layer of around 1 µm near the substrate interface due to electrons emitted from the substrate metallization layer. The maximum dose at the resist bottom under the absorber can be very high and can lead to feature loss during development. This model is also used to investigate resist doses resulting from multilayer substrate.
Molecular recognition of nucleic acid by small molecules. Binding affinity and structural specificity of bis(methidium)spermine (1979)

Nucleic acids are biologically important receptors sufficiently characterized to encourage the syntheses of site specific probes. Molecules capable of binding to nucleic acid templates and interfering with processes in which nucleic acids participate are important in both antibiotic and cancer chemotherapy. Some drugs bind to nucleic acids by intercalation, the insertion of a flat molecule between the base pairs of a double helix. In the absence of unfavorable entropic or steric constraints, an increase in binding affinity and sequence specificity would be expected for polyintercalators which are capable of inserting two or more intercalating units into the nucleic acid double helix.
White Blood Cell and Differential Counts in Acute Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Infections in Children (1993)

White blood cell (WBC) and differential counts were studied in 201 children hospitalized for acute viral or bacterial respiratory infection. The aetiology of infection was studied with a comprehensive set of serological tests. WBC and granulocyte counts were higher in patients with bacterial infection than in those with viral infection. Lymphocyte counts, by contrast, had no such aetiological association. The 95% confidence limits for WBCs and granulocytes distinguished bacterial and pneumococcal cases completely from viral cases with no bacterial involvement. The sensitivity of WBC counts, as well as granulocyte or lymphocytes counts, for distinguishing bacterial from viral cases was low at all cut-off levels. Specificity, in contrast, was 86% and 95% for WBCs at the cut-off levels 15.0 and 20.0 x 10(9)/l, and 84% and 97% for granulocytes at the cut-off levels 10.0 and 15.0 x 10(9)/l, respectively. It is concluded that high WBC and granulocyte counts are clear evidence of the bacterial aetiology of respiratory infection, but low or normal values do not rule it out. Lymphocyte counts are of no value for distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections.
Describing a Knowledge Base (2018)

We aim to automatically generate natural language descriptions about an input structured knowledge base (KB). We build our generation framework based on a pointer network which can copy facts from the input KB, and add two attention mechanisms: (i) slot-aware attention to capture the association between a slot type and its corresponding slot value; and (ii) a new table position self-attention to capture the inter-dependencies among related slots. For evaluation, besides standard metrics including BLEU, METEOR, and ROUGE, we propose a KB reconstruction based metric by extracting a KB from the generation output and comparing it with the input KB. We also create a new data set which includes 106,216 pairs of structured KBs and their corresponding natural language descriptions for two distinct entity types. Experiments show that our approach significantly outperforms stateof-the-art methods. The reconstructed KB achieves 68.8% -72.6% F-score. 1