gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensors and crabbing for an in-pipe magnetic-wheeled robot (2002)

Summary form only given. This paper describes an adhesion status detection sensor as well as crabbing for an in-pipe magnetic-wheeled robot. The robot targeted in this study can travel in any position within a pipe via magnetic-wheel adhesion, and can easily negotiate bends in pipe elbows and T-pieces. Moreover, the dual structure of the wheels ensures superior travel performance even over gaps like those commonly found in gas and other pipelines. However with no sensor in the robot for accurately judging its own adhesion status, we had a significant problem because the robot had to be attached to the pipe in order to travel. Steps also had to be taken because it looked like the adhesion status of the robot might well deteriorate under certain conditions, such as when traveling over weld lines or when reacting to avoid obstacles. To that end, we used a Hall element to accurately detect adhesion status, and then set about confirming the efficacy of the element using an actual robot. We found with the Hall element output that inner magnetic-wheel rotation generated periodic vibration, so we eliminated this vibration as well. We also propose a new means of travel related to crabbing, which is the magnetic car-type robot's unique motion for mobility, and we set about confirming the efficacy of this means of travel using an actual robot.
Acids as Poultry Meat Preservatives (1965)

PRESERVATION of poultry carcasses by the use of edible acids has been demonstrated by several workers. Among the acids which have been investigated are sorbic, hydrochloric, lactic, and citric acids. Three groups have reported on the use of sorbic acid. Meyer et al., (1959) in work with edible coatings reported that when sorbic acid was combined with agar, gelcarin or lipid coatings, shelf life was increased. Two years later, Kaloyereas et al., (1961) reported that flake ice containing glycol diformate and sorbic acid had some effect on extending the shelf life of poultry meat. Perry et al., (1964) developed a method in which carcasses were first immersed in a slush ice solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate for 2 hours to lower the surface pH below 5.5. Then after draining, the parts were sprayed with a 71°C. solution of 7.5% sorbic acid dissolved in a 70% propylene glycol, 20% water, 10%…
Design Strategy for Transformative Electronic System toward Rapid, Bidirectional Stiffness Tuning using Graphene and Flexible Thermoelectric Device Interfaces (2021)

Electronics with tunable shape and stiffness can be applied in broad range of applications because their tunability allows their use in either rigid handheld form or soft wearable form, depending on needs. Previous research has enabled such reconfigurable electronics by integrating a thermally tunable gallium-based platform with flexible/stretchable electronics. However, supercooling phenomenon caused in the freezing process of gallium impedes reliable and rapid bidirectional rigid-soft conversion, limiting the full potential of this type of "transformative" electronics. Here, materials and electronics design strategies are reported to develop a transformative system with a gallium platform capable of fast reversible mechanical switching. In this electronic system, graphene is used as a catalyst to accelerate the heterogeneous nucleation of gallium to mitigate the degree of supercooling. Additionally, a flexible thermoelectric device is integrated as a means to provide active temperature control to further reduce the time for the solid-liquid transition of gallium. Analytical and experimental results establish the fundamentals for the design and optimized operation of transformative electronics for accelerated bidirectional transformation. Proof-of-concept demonstration of a reconfigurable system, which can convert between rigid handheld electronics and a flexible wearable biosensor, demonstrates the potential of this design approach for highly versatile electronics that can support multiple applications.
Coaggregation of human oral bacteria: potential role in the accretion of dental plaque (1993)

Journal Article Coaggregation of human oral bacteria: potential role in the accretion of dental plaque Get access P.E. Kolenbrander P.E. Kolenbrander Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Building 30, Room 310, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Volume 74, Issue S22, 1 June 1993, Pages 79S–86S, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb04344.x Published: 01 June 1993
An interpretation of the structure of the cnidarian <i>Pelagohydra mirabilis</i> (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa) (1970)

On the morphological evidence of three specimens Pelagohydra mirabilis Dendy is a floating tubularian hydroid of the subfamily Pelagohydrinae; its regional morphology is interpreted as homologous with the aboral and oral regions of the hydranths of genera such as Tubularia and Corymorpha , rather than with the hydrocaulus; the development of the aboral region into a fluid‐filled float has been brought about by the enormous development of the diaphragm and its parenchymatous cushion, a process resulting also in the scattering of the aboral whorl of tentacles and the blastostyles to positions all over the float; buoyancy and movement of the hydroid is probably attained through density changes in the coelenteric fluid in the float.
Automated detection and containment of stealth attacks on the operating system kernel (2009)

The operating system kernel serves as the root of trust for all applications running on the computer system. A compromised system can be exploited by remote attackers stealthily, such as exfiltration of sensitive information, wasteful usage of the system's resources, or involving the system in malicious activities without the user's knowledge or permission. The lack of appropriate detection tools allows such systems to stealthily lie within the attackers realm for indefinite periods of time. Stealth attacks on the kernel are carried out by malware commonly known as rootkits. The goal of the rootkit is to conceal the presence of the attacker on the victim system. Conventionally, kernel rootkits modified the kernel to achieve stealth, while most functionality was provided by accompanying user space programs. The newer kernel rootkits achieve the malice and stealth solely by modifying kernel data. This dissertation explores the threat posed by both types of kernel rootkits and proposes novel automated techniques for their detection and containment. Our first contribution is an automated containment technique built using the virtualization architecture. This technique counters the ongoing damage done to the system by the conventional kernel rootkits. It is well suited for attacks that employ kernel or user mode stealth but provide most of the malicious functionality as user space programs. Our second contribution is to identify a new class of stealth attacks on the kernel, which do not exhibit explicit hiding behavior but are stealthy by design. They achieve their malicious objectives by solely modifying data within the kernel. These attacks demonstrate that the threat posed to kernel data is systemic requiring comprehensive protection.Our final contribution is a novel automated technique that can be used for detection of such stealth data-centric attacks. The key idea behind this technique is to automatically identify and extract invariants exhibited by kernel data structures during a training phase. These invariants are used as specifications of data structure integrity and are enforced during runtime. Our technique could successfully detect all rootkits that were publicly available. It could also detect more recent stealth attacks developed by us or proposed byother recent research literature.
A four-pole dual mode elliptic filter realized in circular cavity without screws (1996)

A four-pole dual mode elliptic filter is realized in circular cavity without screws. The desired coupling and tuning actions are achieved by using a novel arrangement consisting in the insertion of a short section of inclined rectangular waveguide in the middle of the cavity body. In this way we realize dual-mode filters by using only junctions of waveguides with rectangular and circular cross sections, thus enabling a very efficient CAD of such filters. This arrangement also proves particularly convenient from the manufacturing viewpoint. Measured response of a breadboard channel filter operating at Ku-Band shows good agreement with theoretical simulations; a sensitivity analysis confirms the validity of the proposed design.
The Effect of Antenna Match on Microwave Radiometric Thermal Patterns (2005)

Microwave thermographic profiles of the breast region of healthy female volunteers were obtained using a 4.7 GHz radiometer. Apparent temperature elevations of about 0.4°C were seen in the areolar (nipple) region compared to the other areas of the breast. At least half of this apparent areolar temperature elevation may be attributed to improved antenna match at that site. The importance of antenna match in the proper evaluation of microwave thermographic studies is emphasized.
Effects of keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) on wound healing in an ischaemia-impaired rabbit ear model and on scar formation (1999)

Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), also described as fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10), is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. KGF-2 shares 57 per cent sequence homology to previously reported KGF-1 (FGF-7). In skin, both growth factors are expressed in the dermal compartment. KGF-1 and KGF-2 bind to the same receptor with high affinity, the KGFR isoform of FGFR2, which is exclusively expressed by epithelial cells. This study examines the in vivo function of topically applied KGF-2 on wound healing using an ischaemia-impaired rabbit dermal ulcer model, in young and aged animals. Histological analysis of the wounds showed that KGF-2 significantly promoted re-epithelialization in both young and old animals. Similar results have been observed with KGF-1 in this model. In addition, KGF-2 enhanced granulation tissue formation in both young and old rabbits, a biological effect not found with KGF-1, suggesting a possible indirect mechanism which enhances neo-granulation tissue formation. Immunohistological staining of day 7 wounds with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody demonstrated a significant increase of dermal cell proliferation in KGF-2-treated wounds compared with placebo wounds. These results suggest a mesenchymal-epithelial interaction that is mediated by a paracrine feedback loop of KGF-2. Because of the wound healing impairment observed with ageing, the wound healing response to KGF-2 was also studied in ischaemic wounds of aged animals. Administration of KGF-2 led to significant stimulation of epithelial growth and granulation tissue formation. The effects seen in the old animals were delayed compared with the young animals. Lastly, the effect of KGF-2 was examined in a rabbit model of scar formation. Quantification of scar elevation index showed no significant differences in scar formation when KGF-2 was compared with buffer placebo. Compared with other growth factors, including KGF-1 and TGF-beta which have previously been examined in these models, KGF-2 is the most effective and causes no obvious scarring.
Spam and scams:China’s netizens wallow in junk mail But producers of spam could soon face the government’s wrath (2004)

Email has revolutionised communication. It’s also becoming an increasingly effective channel for targeted marketing by companies with something to sell. But junk emails - more commonly known as
Carl Rogers, Religion, and the Role of Psychology in American Culture (1982)

Humanistic psychology is often caricatured as having both aided and abetted the rise of modern narcissism. This charge is, however, a seriously misguided one as becomes evident through a closer reading of one of the movement's preeminent spokespersons—Carl Rogers. This article explores the ontological framework underlying Rogers' thought and in so doing demonstrates the important sense in which his writings have given psychological embodiment to the religious and ethical assumptions that have shaped the successive articulation of a peculiarly American spirituality.
Structural Dynamics and Processing of Nucleic Acids Revealed by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy (2004)

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful method to observe real time movements of individual biological molecules while they are functioning without the need for synchronization. Dynamic characteristics of nucleic acids can now be easily and reliably studied, and new applications are emerging in which their recognition and processing by proteins and enzymes are being understood with unprecedented detail. The most recent examples are discussed, including the hairpin ribozyme, Holliday junction, G-quadruplex, Rep helicase, reverse transcriptase, and combination with mechanical manipulation.
Potential DNA bis‐intercalating agents: Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel, conformationally restricted bis(9‐aminoacridines) (1987)

Abstract A series of bis(9‐aminoacridines) bridged by conformationally restricted tethers was synthesized and evaluated against L1210 in vitro. Several of these compounds were found to be highly active in this test system, with ID 50 values below 10 −7 M. CPK molecular models suggest that this antitumor activity can be correlated to the ability of these bis(9‐aminoacridines) to form bis‐intercalative complexes with DNA.
Gravity gradient study (1971)

The results of the noise and drift test, and the comparison of the experimental simulation tests with the theoretical predictions, confirm that the rotating gravity gradiometer is capable of extracting information about mascon distributions from lunar orbit, and that the sensitivity of the sensor is adequate for lunar orbital selenodesy. The experimental work also verified analytical and computer models for the directional and time response of the sensor.
Selective Inhibition of the Oxidation of Ferrous Iron or Sulfur in <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> (2000)

ABSTRACT The oxidation of either ferrous iron or sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was selectively inhibited or controlled by various anions, inhibitors, and osmotic pressure. Iron oxidation was more sensitive than sulfur oxidation to inhibition by chloride, phosphate, and nitrate at low concentrations (below 0.1 M) and also to inhibition by azide and cyanide. Sulfur oxidation was more sensitive than iron oxidation to the inhibitory effect of high osmotic pressure. These differences were evident not only between iron oxidation by iron-grown cells and sulfur oxidation by sulfur-grown cells but also between the iron and sulfur oxidation activities of the same iron-grown cells. Growth experiments with ferrous iron or sulfur as an oxidizable substrate confirmed the higher sensitivity of iron oxidation to inhibition by phosphate, chloride, azide, and cyanide. Sulfur oxidation was actually stimulated by 50 mM phosphate or chloride. Leaching of Fe and Zn from pyrite (FeS 2 ) and sphalerite (ZnS) by T. ferrooxidans was differentially affected by phosphate and chloride, which inhibited the solubilization of Fe without significantly affecting the solubilization of Zn.
A genetic signature of relapse in stage II colorectal cancer derived from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) tissue using a unique disease specific colorectal array (2006)

3519 Background: We have developed the first disease specific microarray for colorectal cancer using a transcriptome-based approach. This unique tool has been specially designed and optimised for analysis of gene expression profiles from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues (FFPE). To evaluate this tool we are conducting a study in patients with Dukes B (stage II) colorectal cancer (CRC) using FFPE tissues to determine a prognostic genetic signature predicting disease recurrence. Methods: The colorectal array was developed using a high-throughput transcriptome-based approach and encodes over 52,500 transcripts expressed in normal and diseased colorectal tissue. To date, tumours from 32 patients have been selected (mean FFPE tissue block age - 10.4 years) from the stage II CRC cohort of a phase III randomized trial comparing 5-FU/Leucovorin versus no adjuvant treatment (NI240). The patients were from the observation alone arm;19 of whom were disease-free for 5 years post-randomisation, while 13 suffered relapse prior to 3 years. Results: RNA was extracted from all 32 FFPE tissue samples, amplified, labelled and hybridised to the colorectal cancer disease specific array. Raw data was normalised using scalar, median-polish and z-score strategies and scalar was selected as the best strategy in relation to predictive error. Within this data set genes selected by correlation using ANOVA performed best in both KNN and support vector machine algorithms (supervised). Using this approach a gene signature containing 48 genes demonstrated 100% accuracy in the prediction of relapse in stage II CRC (p<0.001). This signature was also able to separate samples at the meta-node level using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Conclusion: We have developed the first colorectal cancer disease specific microarray and demonstrated its use using FFPE tissues. Using this approach we have derived a gene signature that predicts for a high likelihood of early relapse in stage II CRC. [Table: see text]
After-the-Fact Regulatory Review: Balancing Competing Concerns (1992)

In their article, Blackmon and Zeckhauser (B&Z) describe the problems associated with fragile regulatory commitments and their effect on utility investment. When utilities invest in capital-intensive plants which have long lead-times and little alternative use, these investments become sunk: utilities will leave them in place as long as recovery of their relatively low marginal operating costs is possible. Under certain conditions, this provides pro-consumer regulators with the opportunity to appropriate the benefits associated with the utility's investment for consumers.
Advanced VRM Incorporated with 3D DCB Package for Computor Power Management Applications (2012)

This paper proposed a voltage regulator module (VRM) integrated with 3D Direct Copper Bonded (DCB) packaging technology for advanced computation applications. Technical analysis has been undertaken to investigate the multifaceted features of existing technologies in a computer system. Addressing on the technology challenges, i.e. parasitic effect and overheating issues, a 3D DCB packaged VRM is developed in this work. Its configuration is designated to improve the effectiveness in mitigating both issues, and the results are subsequently evaluated by multiphysics simulation. The results show the internal parasitic inductance of VRM has been reduced to 0.19nH in contrast to the 10nH of conventional approaches, and the 3D package leads to improved cooling efficiency for computer power management applications.
Synthesis of hybrid nanowire arrays and their application as high power supercapacitor electrodes (2008)

Arrays of multi-segmented hybrid nanostructures of carbon nanotube and gold nanowires have been synthesized using a combination of chemical vapour deposition and electrodeposition methods and we further demonstrate that ultra-high power electrochemical double layer capacitors can be engineered using these hybrid nanowires, resulting in very high power densities.
Synthesis and Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of 2-Methylene-7-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxaspiro[4.4]nonane (1996)

Synthesis of the asymmetrically substituted 2-methylene-7-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxaspiro[4.4]nonane monomer in four steps and its polymerization are described. The spiromonomer is liquid at room temperature. Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of 2-methylene-7-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxaspiro[4.4]nonane at ambient temperature in bulk was investigated, using a cationic photoinitiator system based on (η5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)[1,2,3,4,5,6-η](1-(methylethyl)benzene)iron(I) hexafluorophosphate (Irgacure 261). Upon irradiation, within 10 min quantitative double ring-opening polymerization to a structurally well-defined poly(alkylene−carbonate−ketone) with molecular weight average Mw of 27.000 (GPC) occurred. No elimination, vinylidene polymerization, or single ring-opening polymerization was detected, as commonly observed in the case of free-radical initiation of similar spiroorthocarbonates, spiroorthoesters, or methylenedioxolanes were detected. Despite quantitative double ring opening, no volume expansion occurred during polymerization. A volume shrinkage of 4.1% was found. General structural prerequisites for expanding and pseudoexpanding monomer systems are discussed.
THE DESIGN OF A DATA RECORDER TO TEST THE EFFECTS OF COLOR CONTRAST ON 'THIS SIDE UP' PICTORIAL MARKINGS ON PACKAGE ORIENTATION WITHIN UPS GROUND (2008)

A data recorder was built and qualified to record package orientation over time. The device was then used to observe the effects on package orientation during UPS ground shipping of current and modified ASTM D5445-03 'This Side Up' symbols. Modified symbols on packages demonstrated the effects of contrasting color relationships on symbol noticeability and human compliance. Shipping trials were conducted through UPS distribution centers for cube-shaped packages equipped with custom designed tri-axial accelerometers. Data recorded on 112 shipments provide comparisons of four ASTM D5445-03 'This Side Up' symbols: unmodified, modified blue, modified 'black and white', and control (no symbol). Data analysis revealed package orientation changes did not differ between any of the samples for changes in orientations lasting between 1 and 3 seconds. These changes were attributed to non-human impacts, vibrations, and drops. Orientation changes lasting from 3-20, 20-3600 and greater than 3600 seconds did not differ significantly between the ASTM standard and the control. It was found that the modified blue and modified 'back and white' symbols reduced the number of orientation changes from 20-3600 seconds. Statistical analysis showed that the modified 'black and white symbol' significantly reduced total orientation changes when compared to the other symbols tested. Human compliance towards the modified symbols is analyzed in light of the 1924 Hawthorne experiments. The thesis describes the accelerometer construction, experimental design, and detailed results of the study.