gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Resuscitation in the Delivery Room (2006)

In 1996, Rennie wrote that outcome after full cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following delivery of a very preterm infant was “appalling.”(48) Her justifications for this conclusion were reports published in the early 1990s. In one, from Manchester, England, three of five babies born less than 28 weeks' gestation, who received full CPR, including adrenaline, died and the survivors were handicapped.(49) In a report from Oklahoma, there were no survivors of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who required more than one resuscitative attempt.(50) In similar circumstances there were only two normal survivors, during the years 1989–1993, reported in a study from Cambridge, England, and all six infants given full CPR in Ottawa, Canada, with birth weights less than 750g, during 1989–1992, died.(51) In sharp contrast to these reports are later ones that suggest that condition at birth of an EPTI may not be a good indicator of viability or later outcome.(52) Jankov, Asztalos, and Skidmore evaluated whether vigorous resuscitation of ELBW infants at birth improved survival or increased the chances of major neurodevelopmental disability. They reported the outcome of a group of infants born weighing 750g or less who received CPR (positive pressure ventilation, cardiac compression, +/− adrenaline) in the delivery room. About 57% survived, and 88% were free of major neurodevelopmental disability at follow-up.(53) Similar findings have been published by several other authors(54–56) and it does appear that CPR in the delivery room for the EPTI does not necessarily lead to a large decrease in survival or an increase in major neurologic sequelae compared to those who survived following only intubation and positive pressure ventilation.
신체놀이 활동이 유아의 일상적 스트레스와 문제행동에 미치는 효과 (2011)

본 연구는 신체놀이 활동이 유아들의 일상적 스트레스와 문제행동에 어떠한 효과를 미치는가를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 서울특별시 Y구 G 교육기관 유아만 4세아 2학급 40명이었다. 이들 중 한 학급을 실험집단으로 하였으며 다른 학급을 비교집단으로 배치하였다. 실험절차는 예비실험, 사전검사, 실험처치, 사후검사 순으로 진행되었으며 실험 처치로 실험집단에게는 본 연구를 위해 구성한 신체놀이 활동 프로그램이 실시되었으며, 비교집단에게는 정규적인 생활주제 수업이 실시되어졌다. 측정도구로서는 엄현경(1998)의 ``한국판 유아 일상적 스트레스 척도(Korean Preschool Daily Stress Scale: KPDSS)``와 Behar와 Stringfield(1974)가 개발한 유아 행동에 관한 질문지를 김자숙(2000)이 수정·번안한 문제행동 척도가 그대로 사용되었다. 자료 분석을 위해 주요 변수의 평균과 표준편차를 각각 산출하였고, 집단간 차이검정을 위해 독립 t-test와 쌍체 t-test를 실시하였다. 주요결과로는, 신체놀이 활동을 실시한 실험집단 유아의 일상적 스트레스와 문제행동이 비교집단의 것들보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 신체놀이 활동은 유아의 일상적 스트레스 감소와 문제행동 감소에 긍정적 효과가 있다고 볼 수 있어, 이후 유아의 발달과 흥미에 적합한 신체활동 프로그램이 필요하고, 교육현장에서 적극 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.
Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Therapeutic Consequences for Immune-Mediated Disorders (2009)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a population of nonhematopoietic cells, which play a crucial role in supporting hematopoiesis and can differentiate into various cell types such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. Due to their differentiation capability, MSCs emerge as promising candidates for therapeutic applications in tissue engineering. In addition, they display immunomodulatory properties that have prompted consideration of their potential use for treatment modalities aimed at the inhibition of immune responses. In this context, MSCs efficiently inhibit maturation, cytokine production, and T-cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells (DCs). They also markedly impair proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxic potential of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, MSCs are able to inhibit the proliferation of B cells and their capacity to produce antibodies. Various animal models confirm the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. Thus, administered MSCs prolong the survival of skin and cardiac allografts and ameliorate acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as well as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clinical studies enrolling patients with severe acute GVHD reveal that the administration of MSCs results in significant clinical responses. Due to their immunomodulatory capability and their low immunogenicity, MSCs represent promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
<i>In Situ</i> TEM Study of Lithiation Behavior of Silicon Nanoparticles Attached to and Embedded in a Carbon Matrix (2012)

Rational design of silicon and carbon nanocomposite with a special topological feature has been demonstrated to be a feasible way for mitigating the capacity fading associated with the large volume change of silicon anode in lithium ion batteries. Although the lithiation behavior of silicon and carbon as individual components has been well understood, lithium ion transport behavior across a network of silicon and carbon is still lacking. In this paper, we probe the lithiation behavior of silicon nanoparticles attached to and embedded in a carbon nanofiber using in situ TEM and continuum mechanical calculation. We found that aggregated silicon nanoparticles show contact flattening upon initial lithiation, which is characteristically analogous to the classic sintering of powder particles by a neck-growth mechanism. As compared with the surface-attached silicon particles, particles embedded in the carbon matrix show delayed lithiation. Depending on the strength of the carbon matrix, lithiation of the embedded silicon nanoparticles can lead to the fracture of the carbon fiber. These observations provide insights on lithium ion transport in the network-structured composite of silicon and carbon and ultimately provide fundamental guidance for mitigating the failure of batteries due to the large volume change of silicon anodes.
A Comparative Study of the Cellular Uptake and Photodynamic Efficacy of Three Novel Zinc Phthalocyanines of Differing Charge (1999)

Three novel substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (one anionic, one cationic and one neutral) were compared to two clinically used photosensitizers, 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) and polyhematoporphyrin (PHP), as potential agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using the RIF-1 cell line, photodynamic efficacy was shown to be related to cellular uptake. The cationic phthalocyanine (PPC, pyridinium zinc [II] phthalocyanine) had improved activity over the other two phthalocyanines and slightly improved activity over PHP and m-THPC. The initial subcellular localization of each photosensitizer was dependent upon the hydrophobicity and plasma protein binding. The phthalocyanines had a punctate distribution indicative of lysosomes, whereas m-THPC and PHP had a more diffuse cytoplasmic localization. A relocalization of phthalocyanine fluorescence was observed in some cases following low-level light exposure, and this was charge dependent. The anionic phthalocyanine (TGly, tetraglycine zinc [II] phthalocyanine) relocalized to the nuclear area, the localization of the hydrophobic phthalocyanine (TDOPc, tetradioctylamine zinc [II] phthalocyanine) was unchanged, whereas the distribution of the cationic phthalocyanine (PPC) became more cytoplasmic. This suggests that relocalization following low-level irradiation is a critical factor governing efficacy, and a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution may be a determinant of good photodynamic activity.
Design of run-time configuration manager for a multimedia network environment (2002)

Networks supporting multimedia applications allow connections to be established and released. Various network resources are required when connections are established and become available when connections are released. In order to make effective use of these resources and to reduce end-to-end delays, run-time configuration management is essentially required in such an environment. In this paper, we discuss run-time configuration problems and provide high-level solutions for them. We then propose a framework for run-time configuration management and present the design of run-time configuration manager.
Inactivation of focal adhesion kinase in cardiomyocytes promotes eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice (2005)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that plays a major role in integrin signaling pathways. Although cardiovascular defects were observed in FAK total KO mice, the embryonic lethality prevented investigation of FAK function in the hearts of adult animals. To circumvent these problems, we created mice in which FAK is selectively inactivated in cardiomyocytes (CFKO mice). We found that CFKO mice develop eccentric cardiac hypertrophy (normal LV wall thickness and increased left chamber dimension) upon stimulation with angiotensin II or pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction as measured by echocardiography. We also found increased heart/body weight ratios, elevated markers of cardiac hypertrophy, multifocal interstitial fibrosis, and increased collagen I and VI expression in CFKO mice compared with control littermates. Spontaneous cardiac chamber dilation and increased expression of hypertrophy markers were found in the older CFKO mice. Analysis of cardiomyocytes isolated from CFKO mice showed increased length but not width. The myocardium of CFKO mice exhibited disorganized myofibrils with increased nonmyofibrillar space filled with swelled mitochondria. Last, decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK substrates p130Cas and paxillin were observed in CFKO mice compared with the control littermates. Together, these results provide strong evidence for a role of FAK in the regulation of heart hypertrophy in vivo.
AVATAR: A Variable-Retention-Time (VRT) Aware Refresh for DRAM Systems (2015)

Multirate refresh techniques exploit the non-uniformity in retention times of DRAM cells to reduce the DRAM refresh overheads. Such techniques rely on accurate profiling of retention times of cells, and perform faster refresh only for a few rows which have cells with low retention times. Unfortunately, retention times of some cells can change at runtime due to Variable Retention Time (VRT), which makes it impractical to reliably deploy multirate refresh. Based on experimental data from 24 DRAM chips, we develop architecture-level models for analyzing the impact of VRT. We show that simply relying on ECC DIMMs to correct VRT failures is unusable as it causes a data error once every few months. We propose AVATAR, a VRT-aware multirate refresh scheme that adaptively changes the refresh rate for different rows at runtime based on current VRT failures. AVATAR provides a time to failure in the regime of several tens of years while reducing refresh operations by 62%-72%.
Bio-functional, lanthanide-labeled polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization and their characterization by novel ICP-MS detection (2009)

We present the synthesis and characterization of monodisperse, sub-micron poly(styrene) (PS) particles loaded with up to and including 10(7) lanthanide (Ln) ions per particle. These particles have been synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with a mixture of monomer and a pre-formed Ln complex, and analyzed on a particle-by-particle basis by a unique inductively coupled plasma mass cytometer. Seed particles were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) to obtain large particle sizes in aqueous media. Extensive surface acid functionality was introduced using the acid-functional initiator ACVA, either during seed latex synthesis or in the second stage of polymerization. The loading of particles with three different Ln ions (Eu, Tb, and Ho) has proven to be close to 100 % efficient on an individual and combined basis. Covalent attachment of metal-tagged peptides and proteins such as Neutravidin to the particle surface was shown to be successful and the number of bound species can be readily determined. We believe these particles can serve as precursors for multiplexed, bead-based bio-assays utilizing mass cytometric detection.
Application of Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy to Determine The Pro-oxidant Effects of Physical Exercise in Man (2001)

Capsule filling is frequently accomplished via the dosator process. Controlling the main quality attributes, i.e., the fill weight and the fill weight variability, requires excellent process understanding. For the investigation of critical process parameters of low-dose capsule filling, DEM simulations were used. Two contact models (Hertz model and Luding model) were calibrated and validated to represent the lactose powder Lactohale 100. Both models gave good results, yet the Luding model resulted in better predictions. Since the dosator process is a volume-based approach, the dosator geometry is an important factor. We provide evidence that not only the volume, but also the proportions of the dosator affect the capsule fill weight. Slim nozzle chambers cause lower mass due to increased wall friction impact. The process is not volumetric, as a fill weight to volume correlation does not exist. Furthermore, the fill weight increases with higher powder beds and smaller gaps between the nozzle tip and the container bottom due to higher densification of the powder. Fill weight variations due to bed inhomogeneity were investigated by varying the bulk density of the initial powder bed.
Chemical Modification Modulates Estrogenic Activity, Oxidative Reactivity, and Metabolic Stability in 4‘F-DMA, a New Benzothiophene Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (2006)

The benzothiophene selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), raloxifene and arzoxifene, in the clinic or clinical trials for treatment of breast cancer and postmenopausal symptoms, are highly susceptible to oxidative metabolism and formation of electrophilic metabolites. 4'F-DMA, fluoro-substituted desmethyl arzoxifene (DMA), showed attenuated oxidation to quinoids in incubation with rat hepatocytes as well as in rat and human liver microsomes. Incubations of 4'F-DMA with hepatocytes yielded only one glucuronide conjugate and no GSH conjugates, whereas DMA underwent greater metabolism giving two glucuronide conjugates, one sulfate conjugate, and two GSH conjugates. Phase I and phase II metabolism were further evaluated in human small intestine microsomes and in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. In comparison to DMA, 4'F-DMA formed significantly less glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The formation of quinoids was further explored in hepatocytes in which DMA was observed to give concentration- and time-dependent depletion of GSH accompanied by damage to DNA, which showed inverse dependence on GSH; in contrast, GSH depletion and DNA damage were almost completely abrogated in incubations with 4'F-DMA. 4'F-DMA shows ligand binding affinity to estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and ERbeta with similarity to both raloxifene and to DMA. ER-mediated biological activity was measured with the ERE-luciferase reporter system in transfected MCF-7 cells and Ishikawa cells, and in MCF-7 cells, proliferation was measured. In all systems, 4'F-DMA exhibited anitestrogenic activity of comparable potency to raloxifene but did not manifest estrogenic properties, mirroring previous results on inhibition of estradiol-mediated induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in Ishikawa cells. These results suggest that 4'F-DMA might be an improved benzothiophene SERM with similar antiestrogenic activity to raloxifene but improved metabolic stability and attenuated toxicity, showing that simple chemical modification can abrogate oxidative bioactivation to potentially toxic metabolites without loss of activity.
An efficient code update solution for wireless sensor network reprogramming (2013)

We present an incremental code update strategy used to efficiently reprogram wireless sensor nodes. We adapt a linear space and quadratic time algorithm (Hirschberg's algorithm) for computing maximal common subsequences to build an edit map specifying an edit sequence, required to transform the code running in a sensor network to a new code image. We then present a heuristic-based optimization strategy for efficient edit script encoding to reduce the edit map size. Finally, we present experimental results to demonstrate the reduction in data size to reprogram a network using this mechanism. The approach achieves reductions of 99.987% for simple changes, and between 86.95% and 94.58% for more complex changes, compared to full image transmissions --- leading to significantly lower energy costs for wireless sensor network reprogramming. We compare the results with reductions achieved by other incremental update strategies described in prior work.
QoS-aware middleware for Web services composition (2004)

The paradigmatic shift from a Web of manual interactions to a Web of programmatic interactions driven by Web services is creating unprecedented opportunities for the formation of online business-to-business (B2B) collaborations. In particular, the creation of value-added services by composition of existing ones is gaining a significant momentum. Since many available Web services provide overlapping or identical functionality, albeit with different quality of service (QoS), a choice needs to be made to determine which services are to participate in a given composite service. This paper presents a middleware platform which addresses the issue of selecting Web services for the purpose of their composition in a way that maximizes user satisfaction expressed as utility functions over QoS attributes, while satisfying the constraints set by the user and by the structure of the composite service. Two selection approaches are described and compared: one based on local (task-level) selection of services and the other based on global allocation of tasks to services using integer programming.
Burgess Reagent: From Oblivionto Renaissance in Organic Synthesis (2009)

Corrected by: Burgess Reagent: From Oblivion to Renaissance in Organic SynthesisSynlett 2009; 2009(05): 852-852DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088204
Development of a Novel Drug Release System, Time-Controlled Explosion System(TES). III. Relation between Lag Time and Membrane Thickness. (1994)

To describe lag time of Time-Controlled Explosion System (TES), the system's water absorption kinetics was investigated. Study of water absorption in TES with EC membrane revealed the following relations : (i) the square of water-uptake linearly increased with time in accordance with the Washburn equation, (ii) the water permeation rate correlated with the reciprocal of membrane thickness, (iii) the amount of water-uptake necessary for membrane destruction was directly proportional to the thickness of the membrane. These results suggest that lag time of TES is regulated by the function of membrane thickness. Indeed, the observed lag time was confirmed to fit with the curve expected by the above relations. When talc was included in the EC membrane in an equal weight ratio as a membrane-filler, lag time related directly to the membrane thickness. Compared with TES consisting of EC membrane only, the membrane was destroyed by a smaller amount of uptaken water owing to the weakening of membrane strength by the talc addition.
A minimum-mean-square-error noise reduction algorithm on Mel-frequency cepstra for robust speech recognition (2008)

We present a non-linear feature-domain noise reduction algorithm based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion on Mel-frequency cepstra (MFCC) for environment-robust speech recognition. Distinguishing from the MMSE enhancement in log spectral amplitude proposed by Ephraim and Malah (E&M) [7], the new algorithm presented in this paper develops the suppression rule that applies to power spectral magnitude of the filter-banks’ outputs and to MFCC directly, making it demonstrably more effective in noise-robust speech recognition. The noise variance in the new algorithm contains a significant term resulting from instantaneous phase asynchrony between clean speech and mixing noise, missing in the E&M algorithm. Speech recognition experiments on the standard Aurora-3 task demonstrate a reduction of word error rate by 48% against the ICSLP02 baseline, by 26% against the cepstral mean normalization baseline, and by 13% against the conventional E&M log-MMSE noise suppressor. The new algorithm is also much more efficient than E&M noise suppressor since the number of the channels in the Mel-frequency filter bank is much smaller (23 in our case) than the number of bins in the FFT domain (256). The results also show that our algorithm performs slightly better than the ETSI AFE on the well-matched and mid-mismatched settings.
Development of SiC Super-Junction (SJ) Devices by Multi-Epitaxial Growth (2014)

Super-junction (SJ) devices have been developed to improve the trade-off relationship between the blocking voltage (V BD ) and specific on-resistance in unipolar power devices. This SJ structure effect is expected in SiC unipolar devices. Multi-epitaxial growth is a known fabrication method for SJ structures where epitaxial growth and ion implantation are repeated alternately until a certain drift-layer thickness is achieved. In this study, we fabricated two types of test elemental groups with an SJ structure to evaluate the breakdown voltage (V BD ) and specific resistivity of the drift layer (R drift ). Experimental results show that V BD exceeded the theoretical limit of the 4H-SiC by 300V, and R drift agreed well with the estimated value from the device simulation. The beneficial effects of the SJ structure in the SiC material on V BD and R drift were confirmed for the first time.
Database of all THz signatures measured on solids and liquids in the range 100 GHz to 10 THz (2011)

A catalog of resonant absorption signatures measured on solids and liquids, by transmission and reflection, in the range of 100 GHz to 10 THz, has become a necessity for researchers in the THz field. In this work a THz database has been complied with 205 signatures of various chemical and biological materials. The database includes all published characteristic of the materials such as sample preparation, signature center frequency, signature frequency width, absorbance and attenuation coefficient at frequency center, complex refractive index (where provided), and the measurement techniques used. This is the first database of its kind and has the largest collection of THz signatures that has ever been recorded. All the signatures reported are experimental, and is conveniently accessed using a GUI-based search engine running in MATLAB.
Targeted Disruption of the <i>SUCNR1</i> Metabolic Receptor Leads to Dichotomous Effects on Obesity (2014)

A number of metabolites have signaling properties by acting through G-protein-coupled receptors. Succinate, a Krebs cycle intermediate, increases after dysregulated energy metabolism and can bind to its cognate receptor succinate receptor 1 (Sucnr1, or GPR91) to activate downstream signaling pathways. We show that Sucnr1 is highly expressed in the white adipose tissue (WAT) compartment of mice and regulates adipose mass and glucose homeostasis. Sucnr1(-/-) mice were generated, and weight gain was monitored under basal and nutritional stress (high-fat diet [HFD]) conditions. On chow diet, Sucnr1(-/-) mice had increased energy expenditure, were lean with a smaller WAT compartment, and had improved glucose buffering. Lipolysis measurements revealed that Sucnr1(-/-) mice were released from succinate-induced inhibition of lipolysis, demonstrating a function of Sucnr1 in adipose tissue. Sucnr1 deletion also protected mice from obesity on HFD, but only during the initial period; at later stages, body weight of HFD-fed Sucnr1(-/-) mice was almost comparable with wild-type (WT) mice, but WAT content was greater. Also, these mice became progressively hyperglycemic and failed to secrete insulin, although pancreas architecture was similar to WT mice. These findings suggest that Sucnr1 is a sensor for dietary energy and raise the interesting possibility that protocols to modulate Sucnr1 might have therapeutic utility in the setting of obesity.