gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive Distillation in a Dividing Wall Column:  Rate-Based Modeling and Simulation (2007)

In this paper, a novel rate-based description of nonreactive and reactive dividing wall columns is presented. These highly integrated units promise advantages in the context of process intensification. Until now, published studies have been focused on the nonreactive columns, based on equilibrium stage models, whereas the modeling of both dividing wall columns and reactive dividing wall columns, using the rate-based approach, has not been done yet. In the presented model, special attention is given to phenomena that have not been considered in previous publications (e.g., heat transfer through the dividing wall). The model has been applied to a nonreactive, ternary alcohol mixture and successfully validated. The transesterification of carbonates has been identified as an interesting system for the reactive dividing wall column. This reaction system is equilibrium limited and characterized by high conversion, yet low selectivity. Initial simulation studies demonstrate that the selectivity can be significantly increased by means of the reactive dividing wall column. Besides, this highly integrated unit enables a more efficient separation of products and nonconverted reactants, resulting in a reduction in the separation unit number.
Design and Synthesis of a Series of 6-Substituted-2-pyridinylmethylamine Derivatives as Novel, High-Affinity, Selective Agonists at 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>Receptors (1998)

A search for novel, selective agonists with high intrinsic activity at the 5-HT1A subtype of serotonin (5-HT) receptors was undertaken. Mechanistic and thermodynamic considerations led to the design of 6-substituted-2-pyridinylmethylamine as a potential 5-HT1A pharmacophore. Various adducts derived from the 6-substituted-2-pyridinylmethylamine moiety were tested for their affinity at 5-HT1A, alpha1-adrenergic, and D2-dopaminergic receptors. Compounds with high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors (pKi >/= 8) were examined for agonist properties by measuring their ability to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in HA7 cells (i.e., HeLa cells permanently transfected with the h5-HT1A receptor gene and expressing the h5-HT1A receptor protein). Several compounds of the type aryl¿4-[(6-substituted-pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl]piperidin -1-yl¿ methanone had nanomolar affinity for 5-HT1A binding sites and were more than 500-fold selective with respect to alpha1 and D2 sites. Importantly, their 5-HT1A agonist properties were demonstrated in HA7 cells where they behaved as potent inhibitors of cAMP accumulation. In particular, (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)¿4-[(6-oxazol-5-ylpyridin-2-ylmethylamin o)methyl]pip eridin-1-yl¿methanone (70) and (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)¿4-[(6-azetidinopyridin-2-ylmethylamino)met hyl]piper idin-1-yl¿methanone (36) appeared to be more potent than, and at least as efficacious as, the prototypical 5-HT1A agonist (+/-)-8-OH-DPAT. SAR studies revealed that the pyridine nitrogen atom and the nature and the position of the substituents on the pyridine ring were critically involved in the ability of the compounds to recognize and activate 5-HT1A receptors. Structural modifications of the nonpharmacophoric part of the molecule showed, however, that the entire structure was required for affinity at 5-HT1A binding sites.
Solid-state Raman lasers (1996)

Summary form only given. In summary, topics discussed included: intracavity Raman beam cleanup, temporal dynamics; coupled-cavity mode-matching, power-scaling techniques, thermally stationary cavity design, aberration compensation, Raman gain and output coupling control, and multimode buildup dynamics.
Efflux Unbalance in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients (2009)

Retrospective analysis of 189 nonredundant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequentially recovered from the sputum samples of 46 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients over a 10-year period (1998 to 2007) revealed that 53 out of 189 (28%) samples were hypersusceptible to the beta-lactam antibiotic ticarcillin (MIC < or = 4 microg/ml) (phenotype dubbed Tic(hs)). As evidenced by trans-complementation and gene inactivation experiments, the mutational upregulation of the efflux system MexXY was responsible for various degrees of resistance to aminoglycosides in a selection of 11 genotypically distinct strains (gentamicin MICs from 2 to 64 microg/ml). By demonstrating for the first time that the MexXY pump may evolve in CF strains, we found that a mutation leading to an F1018L change in the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter MexY was able to increase pump-promoted resistance to aminoglycosides, cefepime, and fluoroquinolones twofold. The inactivation of the mexB gene (which codes for the RND transporter MexB) in the 11 selected strains showed that the Tic(hs) phenotype was due to a mutational or functional loss of function of MexAB-OprM, the multidrug efflux system known to contribute to the natural resistance of P. aeruginosa to beta-lactams (e.g., ticarcillin and aztreonam), fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and novobiocin. Two of the selected strains synthesized abnormally low amounts of the MexB protein, and 3 of 11 strains expressed truncated MexB (n = 2) or MexA (n = 1) polypeptide as a result of mutations in the corresponding genes, while 7 of 11 strains produced wild-type though nonfunctional MexAB-OprM pumps at levels similar to or even higher than that of reference strain PAO1. Overall, our data indicate that while MexXY is necessary for P. aeruginosa to adapt to the hostile environment of the CF lung, the MexAB-OprM pump is dispensable and tends to be lost or inactivated in subpopulations of P. aeruginosa.
Automated optical assembly (1995)

Automation and polymer science represent fundamental new technologies which can be directed toward realizing the goal of establishing a domestic, world-class, commercial optics business. Use of innovative optical designs using precision polymer optics will enable the US to play a vital role in the next generation of commercial optical products. The increased cost savings inherent in the utilization of optical-grade polymers outweighs almost every advantage of using glass for high volume situations. Optical designers must gain experience with combined refractive/diffractive designs and broaden their knowledge base regarding polymer technology beyond a cursory intellectual exercise. Implementation of a fully automated assembly system, combined with utilization of polymer optics, constitutes the type of integrated manufacturing process which will enable the US to successfully compete with the low-cost labor employed in the Far East, as well as to produce an equivalent product.
Pharmacological Abrogation of S-Phase Checkpoint Enhances the Anti-Tumor Activity of Gemcitabine In Vivo (2007)

Chk1 and Chk2 kinases are critically involved in modulating DNA damage checkpoints. In particular, Chk1, a key activator of the S-phase DNA damage response, may be involved in resistance to genotoxic therapies that target DNA synthesis. We studied the in vitro and in vivo effects of EXEL-9844 (XL844), a potent, orally available, and specific inhibitor of Chk1 and Chk2, in combination with gemcitabine. In clonogenic assays using multiple cell lines in vitro, EXEL-9844 had only minor effects as a single agent but substantially enhanced gemcitabine-induced cell killing. Correspondingly, in PANC-1 cells, EXEL-9844 increased gemcitabine-induced H2AX phosphorylation, blocked Cdc25A phosphorylation, and induced premature mitotic entry. In a PANC-1 xenograft model, EXEL-9844 significantly enhanced gemcitabine antitumor activity but had limited effect as a single agent. Together, these data show that cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors may have significant clinical utility in potentiating the activity of gemcitabine.
Insight into Rett syndrome: MeCP2 levels display tissue- and cell-specific differences and correlate with neuronal maturation (2002)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Previous data have shown that MECP2 RNA is present in all mouse and human tissues tested, but the timing of expression and regional distribution have not been explored. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of the MeCP2 protein during mouse and human development. We found that in the adult mouse, MeCP2 is high in the brain, lung and spleen, lower in heart and kidney, and barely detectable in liver, stomach and small intestine. There was no obvious correlation between protein levels and RNA levels, suggesting that translation may be post-transcriptionally regulated by tissue-specific factors. The timing of MeCP2 expression in mouse and human correlated with the maturation of the central nervous system, with the ontogenetically older structures such as the spinal cord and brainstem becoming positive before newer structures such as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the cortex, MeCP2 first appeared in the Cajal-Retzius cells, then in the neurons of the deeper, more mature cortical layers, and finally in the neurons of the more superficial layers. The MeCP2 protein was eventually present in a majority of neurons but was absent from glial cells. Our data suggest that MeCP2 may become abundant only once a neuron has reached a certain degree of maturity, and that this may explain some aspects of the RTT phenotype.
Bubble Razor: Eliminating Timing Margins in an ARM Cortex-M3 Processor in 45 nm CMOS Using Architecturally Independent Error Detection and Correction (2012)

We propose Bubble Razor, an architecturally independent approach to timing error detection and correction that avoids hold-time issues and enables large timing speculation windows. A local stalling technique that can be automatically inserted into any design allows the system to scale to larger processors. We implemented Bubble Razor on an ARM Cortex-M3 microprocessor in 45 nm CMOS without detailed knowledge of its internal architecture to demonstrate the technique's automated capability. The flip-flop based design was converted to two-phase latch timing using commercial retiming tools; Bubble Razor was then inserted using automatic scripts. This system marks the first published implementation of a Razor-style scheme on a complete, commercial processor. It provides an energy efficiency improvement of 60% or a throughput gain of up to 100% compared to operating with worst case timing margins.
Compressed Sensing: Ultra-Wideband Channel Estimation Based on FIR Filtering Matrix (2012)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication (Win & Scholtz, 1998; Yang & Giannakis, 2004a) is a fast emerging technology since the Federal Communication Commission released a spectral mask in the spring of 2002. The major reason for UWB technology to receive much attention is its promising ability to provide low-power consumption, high bit rate and multipath resolution, and coexist with the narrow-band system by trading bandwidth for a reduced transmits power. In the impulse radio UWB (IR-UWB) systems, the duration of pulse is ultra-short, typically on the order of nanoseconds. On one hand, the ultra-short impulses make it possible to resolve and combine signal echoes with path length differential down to 1 ft exploiting the diversity inherent in the multipath channel and improving the position accuracy. On the other hand, the new technical (Witrisal et al., 2009) challenges are posed: (1) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) working at the Nyquist rate are in general very expansive and power demanding; (2) the synchronization which is accomplished at the scale of sub nanosecond duration is extremely complex; (3) capture a sufficient amount of the rich multipath diversity need accuracy channel estimation. Compare to the transmitter easily implement, the IR-UWB receiver are too complex.
Enhanced Antibody Production at Slowed Growth Rates: Experimental Demonstration and a Simple Structured Model (1990)

A simple structured model for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production kinetics was formulated by combining the cell cycle theory with the estimated number of MAb-coded messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules per cell: it is assumed that the rate-controlling step is first order in this mRNA and that the growth rate variation does not alter the MAb synthesis rate within any cycle phase but only changes the relative time length of the individual phases. The model predicted "negatively growth associated" MAb production kinetics and thus an enhanced MAb production rate to be achieved by slowing the cell growth. Experiments consistent with these assumptions provided support for the model. Hybridoma cultures where growth was slowed by either a DNA synthesis inhibitor (thymidine or hydroxyurea) or by a selective inhibitor of initiation of nonantibody protein (potassium acetate) exhibited 50-130% MAb production rate enhancement for growth slowed up to 50%; however, further decreases in the growth rate also decreased the MAb production rate. Experiments inconsistent with these assumptions showed other behavior: general inhibition of protein chain elongation (by cycloheximide) or inhibition of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis (by actinomycin D) each slowed both growth and the specific MAb production rate, leading to net "positive" growth associated MAb production rates. Thus, a need for models with greater structure is also demonstrated.
Integrin-type signaling has a distinct influence on NMDA-induced cytoskeletal disassembly (2000)

Adhesion responses triggered by integrin-class matrix receptors have been implicated in the synaptic reorganization events necessary for certain types of neuronal plasticity. Hippocampal slice cultures were used to test whether the related structural transformations elicited by NMDA receptor stimulation are regulated by integrin-type signals. Infusing the slices with NMDA for a short period induced the expected disassembly of the cytoskeletal network, measured with antibodies that selectively recognize spectrin cleavage sites targeted by the protease calpain. Marked levels of the 150-kDa breakdown product (BDP) were produced, whereas concentrations of the parent spectrin were not changed. Interestingly, the calpain cleavage events were attenuated by 60% when integrin-type signaling was disrupted with the antagonist Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP). This effect was RGDS-dependent, was largely evident in synapse-dense dendritic areas, particularly in subfield CA1, and was abolished when the NMDA exposure period was >5 min. These findings suggest that only those cytoskeletal alterations associated with brief synaptic activity are regulated by intact contact zones. AMPA-type glutamate receptors also were tested because, like spectrin, they are targets for calpain. Brief NMDA treatment caused a 15% loss of AMPA receptor GluR1 carboxytermini and this modification was augmented to 32% in the presence of GRGDSP. Thus, although blockage of matrix recognition signals decreased spectrin's susceptibility to disassembly, it increased the susceptibility of AMPA receptors to proteolysis. These data indicate that integrin-type signaling complexes are appropriately positioned to govern cytoskeletal reconfiguration while stabilizing the structural nature of AMPA receptors.
Human Survivin Is a Kinetochore-Associated Passenger Protein (2000)

Survivin, a dimeric baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat (BIR) motif protein that is principally expressed in G2 and mitosis, has been associated with protection against apoptosis of cells that exit mitosis aberrantly. Mammalian survivin has been reported to associate with centrosomes and with the mitotic spindle. We have expressed a human hemagglutinin-tagged survivin plasmid to determine its localization, and find instead that it clearly acts as a passenger protein. In HeLa cells, survivin first associates with the kinetochores, and then translocates to the spindle midzone during anaphase and, finally, to the midbody during cell cleavage. Its localization is similar to that of TD-60, a known passenger protein. Both a point mutation in the baculovirus IAP repeat motif (C84A) and a COOH-terminal deletion mutant (Delta106) of survivin fail to localize to either kinetochores or midbodies, but neither interferes with cell cleavage. The interphase localization of survivin is cell cycle regulated since in permanently transfected NIH3T3 cells it is excluded from the nuclei until G2, where it localizes with centromeres. Survivin remains associated with mitotic kinetochores when microtubule assembly is disrupted and its localization is thus independent of microtubules. We conclude that human survivin is positioned to have an important function in the mechanism of cell cleavage.
Electrochromism of Li<sub><i>x</i></sub>FePO<sub>4</sub> Induced by Intervalence Charge Transfer Transition (2012)

The lithium-ion battery is the most advanced energy storage system, which utilizes an electrode reaction involving reversible lithium intercalation into a solid matrix. The structural and transport properties of these battery materials have been extensively studied as a function of lithium content, and structural/electronic phase diagrams have been revealed for a wide variety of lithium intercalation compounds. Here, we focused on the electrochromic response upon lithium intercalation and discovered distinctive color changes of LixFePO4, which is recognized as a promising cathode material for large-scale lithium-ion batteries. The emergence of a broad optical absorption band over the visible spectrum with coloring from pale gray to dark green was observed in accordance with the increase of the Fe3+/Fe2+ mixed-valence state and hence the solid–solution compositional domain in the phase diagram of LixFePO4. The color changes were analyzed using ab initio computational methods and rationalized to the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transition and its kinetic activation energy based on Marcus–Hush theory.
Wideband collocated antennas for radiation pattern diversity applications (2016)

Wideband collocated antennas for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems are presented. The structure is disposed on a single substrate layer and is composed of a disc monopole and a tapered slot antenna in a form of a Vivaldi one, both operating in the band 2.15-3.76 GHz. The two elements exhibit a low mutual coupling since it is around -17 dB over the considered bandwidth. This performance is believed to be due to the fact that the disc monopole has mainly a broadside radiation while the Vivaldi radiates in end-fire directions. With an overall length of about a half guided wavelength, the proposed structure is believed to be suitable for applications needing radiation pattern diversity. A good agreement is observed between simulated and experimental results.
Memory access analysis and optimization approaches on splay trees (2004)

Splay trees, a type of self-adjusting search tree, are introduced and analyzed. Since they have been widely used in search problems, any performance improvements will yield great benefits. First, the paper introduces some background about splay trees and memory hierarchies. Then, it presents two heuristic algorithms, based on research in reference affinity and data regrouping. These algorithms have good locality, reduce memory transfers, and decrease cache miss rates on different architectures. Finally, the paper evaluates the performance gain of these algorithms on random inputs and Spec2K benchmark programs.
Calcitonin stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of fasted rats. (1981)

The effect of calcitonin (CT) on glycogenolysis in the liver was investigated in fasted rats. The fasting produced a marked decrease in the hepatic glycogen content. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) significantly prevented the decline in hepatic glycogen by fasting as compared with sham operation. This prevention by TPTX was clearly relieved by the subcutaneous administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g body weight). The appreciable effect of the hormone was also observed at the dose of 20 and 40 MRC mU CT/100 g body weight. The present results suggest that CT plays a physiological role in the stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis after fasting in rats.
β-<scp>D</scp>-Xylanases of <i>Bacillus circulans</i> WL-12 (1982)

Bacillus circulans WL-12 secretes two endo-β-D-xylanases (A and B, respectively) (EC 3.2.1.8.) and one β-D-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) when cultured in liquid media with xylan as the sole carbon source. Xylanases A and B have been partially characterized with respect to their main physicochemical parameters and β-D-xylosidase to a lesser extent on account of its low stability. Both endo-β-D-xylanase A and β-D-xylosidase were adsorbed on DEAE-Biogel A, had similar molecular weights (approximately 85 000), and had optimum pH values of 5.5–7, but exhibited different isoelectric points (4.5 for β-D-xylanase A and 4.7 for β-D-xylosidase) and different mobilities in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent Michaelis constant for β-D-xylanase A was 8 mg∙mL −1 and the hydrolysis products produced were xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose.The second endo-β-D-xylanase (β-D-xylanase B) bound to CM-Biogel A and exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 15 000 and an optimum pH value in the range of 5.5–7. The isoelectric point was 9.1 and the apparent Michaelis constant was 4 mg∙mL −1 . The hydrolysis products produced by this enzyme were xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose, but never xylose. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8 the enzyme moved towards the negative electrode.
Psoriatic arthritis therapy advances (2005)

There has been a persistent increased focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis as newer and more effective drugs than traditional disease-modifying agents have become available.
Device Driver Isolation within Virtualized Embedded Platforms (2009)

Mobile device manufacturers are facing the challenge, to maintain device drivers across an increasing number of product variants. Isolation of device drivers into a separate domain using virtualization technology offers a way out of the resulting porting dilemma. This paper explains the architecture concept based on the L4/Fiasco microkernel, using an exemplary block device. The paper specifically details challenges and solutions with respect to enabling DMA access and ensuring access protection in the virtualized environment. Benchmark results are given to show the performance impact of the chosen architecture.
Resolution mosaic-based Smart Camera for video surveillance (2009)

Video surveillance is one of the most data intensive applications. A typical video surveillance system consists of one or multiple video cameras, a central storage unit, and a central processing unit. At least two bottlenecks exist: First, the transmission capacity is limited, especially for raw data. Second, the central processing unit has to process the incoming data to give results in real time. Therefore, we propose an FPGA-based embedded camera system which performs all steps of image acquisition, region of interest extraction, generation of a multiresolution image, and image transmission. The proposed pipeline-based architecture allows a real time wavelet-based image segmentation and a detection of moving objects for surveillance purposes. The system is integrated in a single FPGA using external RAM as storage for images and for a Linux operating system which controls the data flow. With the pipeline concept and a Linux device driver it is possible to create a system for streaming the results of an image processing through a GbE interface. A real time processing is achieved. The camera transmits the captured images with 30 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mpixel/s</sup> , but the system is able to process 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mpixel/s</sup> .