gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Injection‐induced De‐doping in a Conducting Polymer during Device Operation: Asymmetry in the Hole Injection and Extraction Rates (2007)

A mechanism is described that can alter the doping level of conducting polymers during normal electrical injection, which arises from differential charge extraction/ injection into transport sites, and which is likely to be an intrinsic feature of the hopping transport itself. This and not Joule heating is the cause of the conductance decay in PEDT:PSS at strong electrical injection, in which the polyelectrolyte counter-ion also plays a key role. Neutral (non-acidic) PEDT:PSS is more stable in this regard. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0086_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Scalable Nonparametric Multiway Data Analysis (2015)

Multiway data analysis deals with multiway arrays, i.e., tensors, and the goal is twofold: predicting missing entries by modeling the interactions between array elements and discovering hidden patterns, such as clusters or communities in each mode. Despite the success of existing tensor factorization approaches, they are either unable to capture nonlinear interactions, or computationally expensive to handle massive data. In addition, most of the existing methods lack a principled way to discover latent clusters, which is important for better understanding of the data. To address these issues, we propose a scalable nonparametric tensor decomposition model. It employs Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) prior to model the latent clusters; it uses local Gaussian processes (GPs) to capture nonlinear relationships and to improve scalability. An efficient online variational Bayes Expectation-Maximization algorithm is proposed to learn the model. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data show that the proposed model is able to discover latent clusters with higher prediction accuracy than competitive methods. Furthermore, the proposed model obtains significantly better predictive performance than the state-of-the-art large scale tensor decomposition algorithm, GigaTensor, on two large datasets with billions of entries.
On runlength codes (1988)

Several results on binary (d, k) codes are given. First, a novel derivation for the capacity of these codes based on information-theoretic principles is given. Based on this result the spectrum of a (d, k) code is computed. Finally, the problem of computing the capacity of the binary symmetric channel under the condition that the input sequences satisfy the (d, k) constraint is considered. Lower bounds on the capacity of such a channel are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deletion of phospholipase C β4 in thalamocortical relay nucleus leads to absence seizures (2009)

Absence seizures are characterized by cortical spike-wave discharges (SWDs) on electroencephalography, often accompanied by a shift in the firing pattern of thalamocortical (TC) neurons from tonic to burst firing driven by T-type Ca(2+) currents. We recently demonstrated that the phospholipase C beta4 (PLCbeta4) pathway tunes the firing mode of TC neurons via the simultaneous regulation of T- and L-type Ca(2+) currents, which prompted us to investigate the contribution of TC firing modes to absence seizures. PLCbeta4-deficient TC neurons were readily shifted to the oscillatory burst firing mode after a slight hyperpolarization of membrane potential. TC-limited knockdown as well as whole-animal knockout of PLCbeta4 induced spontaneous SWDs with simultaneous behavioral arrests and increased the susceptibility to drug-induced SWDs, indicating that the deletion of thalamic PLCbeta4 leads to the genesis of absence seizures. The SWDs were effectively suppressed by thalamic infusion of a T-type, but not an L-type, Ca(2+) channel blocker. These results reveal a primary role of TC neurons in the genesis of absence seizures and provide strong evidence that an alteration of the firing property of TC neurons is sufficient to generate absence seizures. Our study presents PLCbeta4-deficient mice as a potential animal model for absence seizures.
Probiotic viability – does it matter? (2012)

Probiotics are viable by definition, and viability of probiotics is often considered to be a prerequisite for the health benefits. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of clinical studies in the field have been performed with viable probiotics. However, it has also been speculated that some of the mechanisms behind the probiotic health effects may not be dependent on the viability of the cells and, therefore, is also possible that also non-viable probiotics could have some health benefits. The efficacy of non-viable probiotics has been assessed in a limited number of studies, with varying success. While it is clear that viable probiotics are more effective than non-viable probiotics and that, in many cases, viability is indeed a prerequisite for the health benefit, there are also some cases where it appears that non-viable probiotics could also have beneficial effects on human health.
Transcriptional Regulation of <i>xyn1</i> , Encoding Xylanase I, in <i>Hypocrea jecorina</i> (2006)

Two major xylanases (XYN I and XYN II) of the filamentous fungus Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) are simultaneously expressed during growth on xylan but respond differently to low-molecular-weight inducers. In vivo footprinting analysis of the xylanase1 (xyn1) promoter revealed three different nucleotide sequences (5'-GGCTAAATGCGACATCTTAGCC-3' [an inverted repeat of GGCTAA spaced by 10 bp], 5'-CCAAT-3', and 5'-GGGGTCTAGACCCC-3' [equivalent to a double Cre1 site]) used to bind proteins. Binding to the Cre1 site is only observed under repressed conditions, whereas binding to the two other motifs is constitutive. Applying heterologously expressed components of the H. jecorina cellulase regulators Ace1 and Ace2 and the xylanase regulator Xyr1 suggests that Ace1 and Xyr1 but not Ace2 contact both GGCTAA motifs. H. jecorina transformants containing mutated versions of the xyn1 promoter, leading to elimination of protein binding to the left or the right GGCTAA box revealed either strongly reduced or completely eliminated induction of transcription. Elimination of Cre1 binding to its target released the basal transcriptional level from glucose repression but did not influence the inducibility of xyn1 expression. Mutation of the CCAAT box prevents binding of the Hap2/3/5 complex in vitro and is partially compensating for the loss of transcription caused by the mutation of the right GGCTAA box. Finally, evidence for a competition of Ace1 and Xyr1 for the right GGCTAA box is given. These data prompted us to hypothesize that xyn1 regulation is based on the interplay of Cre1 and Ace1 as a general and specific repressor with Xyr1 as transactivator.
Activation of the ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle of cachectic rats bearing a hepatoma (1995)

Rats implanted with Yoshida ascites hepatoma (YAH) show a rapid and selective loss of muscle protein due mainly to a marked increase (63-95%) in the rate of protein degradation (compared with rates in muscles of pair-fed controls). To define which proteolytic pathways contribute to this increase, epitrochlearis muscles from YAH-bearing and control rats were incubated under conditions that modify different proteolytic systems. Overall proteolysis in either group of rats was not affected by removal of Ca2+ or by blocking the Ca(2+)-dependent proteolytic system. Inhibition of lysosomal function with methylamine reduced proteolysis (-12%) in muscles from YAH-bearing rats, but not in muscles of pair-fed rats. When ATP production was also inhibited, the remaining accelerated proteolysis in muscles of tumor-bearing rats fell to control levels. Muscles of YAH-bearing rats showed increased levels of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and a 27-kDa proteasome subunit in Western blot analysis. Levels of mRNA encoding components of proteolytic systems were quantitated using Northern hybridization analysis. Although their total RNA content decreased 20-38%, pale muscles of YAH-bearing rats showed increased levels of ubiquitin mRNA (590-880%) and mRNA for multiple subunits of the proteasome (100-215%). Liver, kidney, heart, and brain showed no weight loss and no change in these mRNA species. Muscles of YAH-bearing rats also showed small increases (30-40%) in mRNA for cathepsins B and D, but not for calpain I or heat shock protein 70. Our findings suggest that accelerated muscle proteolysis and muscle wasting in tumor-bearing rats result primarily from activation of the ATP-dependent pathway involving ubiquitin and the proteasome.
Daisy: A scalable all-optical packet network with multifiber ring topology (1998)

This paper presents Daisy, a scalable all-optical packet network where each node is equipped with one wavelength-tunable transmitter and one fixed-wavelength receiver. Network scalability is obtained with a novel multifiber ring topology that allows spatial reuse of wavelengths and requires an optical transmitted power proportional typically to the square root of the number of nodes. The scalability of the proposed topology is analytically evaluated by taking into account the characteristics of state-of-the-art optical components. The topology of Daisy provides one logical channel per destination node. Each channel is shared in statistical time division by all nodes transmitting to a given destination. A channel inspection capability at each node allows the implementation of efficient slotted ordered access protocols. As an example, a simple and efficient Z. protocol named SRR Synchronous Round Robin is described, and its performance is assessed by means of simulation. q 1998 Elsevier ...
Correlation Among Insulin Binding, Degradation, and Biological Activity in Human Breast Cancer Cells in Long-Term Tissue Culture (1978)

Abstract Insulin interaction with four human breast cancer cell lines in tissue culture was studied with respect to specific binding to receptors, degradation, and biological responsiveness. All four lines bound and degraded 125I-labeled insulin. Binding and degradation were time, temperature, and pH dependent. Unlabeled insulin competed with 125I-labeled insulin for binding to the breast cells with half-maximal inhibition of binding being observed with less than 0.6 ng/ml for three of the four lines. Other peptides competed for insulin binding in proportion to their biological potency. Scatchard analysis of the insulin binding data revealed curvilinear plots consistent with negative cooperativity, and this was confirmed by kinetic studies of dissociation. Quantitative analysis of insulin degradation revealed a similar Km for all four cell lines (1.0 to 2.2 × 10-7m), whereas maximal velocities varied over a 7-fold range. Bacitracin, a polypeptide antibiotic, inhibited insulin degradation by all four lines. In one cell line, typical competitive binding data and Scatchard plots were obtained only after inhibition of degradation with bacitracin. Insulin stimulated precursor incorporation into macromolecules and fatty acids in only two of the four cell lines; with these, significant stimulation was seen with concentrations as low as 0.6 ng/ml. No correlation was found between the amount of specific binding, receptor concentration, or receptor affinity and the ability of insulin to stimulate the cells, suggesting a defect distal to the hormone-receptor interaction in the two unresponsive lines. The two responsive cell lines showed the most insulin degradation. These human cell lines should provide a useful tool for further study of the complex mechanisms of insulin action and for the study of factors that regulate growth of human breast cancer.
Optimal Design of a 5-MW Double-Stator Single-Rotor PMSG for Offshore Direct Drive Wind Turbines (2019)

This article investigates the optimal design of a double-stator single-rotor permanent magnet synchronous generator (DSSR PMSG) with simulation validation. This scheme of generator is obtained by mechanically combining an interior rotor PMSG and an exterior rotor PMSG. Design of a 5-MW radial flux DSSR surface mounted PMSG is developed with the second generation double layered fractional slot concentrated winding, which reduces large initial investment, size and weight, in contrast to the usual massive direct drive generators for wind turbines. Considering analytically calculated performance of the generator, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to minimize weight and cost of the machine with adequate efficiency. Impact of grade selection of PM is analyzed to optimize cost through GA. Moreover, to show advantages of the proposed strategy, methodically computed magnetic flux density distribution in air gaps, synchronous inductance of windings, electromagnetic torque, copper losses, and core losses are compared with the finite element method (FEM) results, and they reveal satisfactory enhanced solutions. Economy of the optimal DSSR PMSG is assured by comparing its total size, weight, and cost with optimized surface mounted inner rotor PMSG and outer rotor PMSG of comparable rated power and rated speed. Furthermore, issue of high cogging torque of this unique topology is resolved by optimizing the relative positioning of both stators' slots using FEM.
Dynamic response of electromagnetic railgun due to projectile movement (2003)

A model is developed to investigate the dynamic response of an electromagnetic railgun, induced by a moving magnetic pressure during launch of projectiles. As the projectile velocity approaches a critical value, resonance can occur and cause high amplitude stress and strain in the rail at the instant and location of the projectile's passage. In this study, governing equations of a railgun under dynamic loading conditions are derived that illustrate a lower-bound critical velocity in terms of material properties, geometry, and barrel cross section; this represents the worst case or a lower bound solution for the structure under a dynamic loading condition. A study is then performed to show the effect of these parameters on the critical velocity of the barrel. Accordingly, the model that accounts for projectile velocity and gun construction can be used to guide and improve barrel design.
<p>New Delhi metallo-&beta;-lactamase-producing <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates among late-onset VAP patients: multidrug-resistant pathogen and poor outcome</p> (2019)

A worldwide spread of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. expressing carbapenemases represents a significant threat to the medical community. The current study addressed the high prevalence of <i>bla</i>NDM-1-producing <i>Acinetobacter</i> isolates among late-onset VAP patients.
<title>Segmentation of cortical surface and interior brain structures using active-surface/active-volume templates</title> (1997)

Advanced applications such as neurosurgical planning and simulation require both surface and interior anatomical information in order to be truly effective. We are developing a segmentation scheme based on collections of active surface templates embedded within an active volume. This composite system encodes high-level anatomical knowledge of both cortical surface and interior brain structures in a self-assembling model of a reference, or atlas brain. Following initialization of the surface templates in the test brain volume, the cortical surface templates deform to achieve a segmentation of the surface of the brain. The displacements of the cortical surface templates cause an increase in the potential elastic energy of the active volume, and a subsequent minimization of this elastic energy is used to define a volumetric warp between the reference brain and the test data. This warp is used to deform the active surface models of the deep structure in the brain to their approximate final configurations, after which a further energy minimization step achieves a final segmentation of the deep structures. The method uses the results of the surface segmentation step as a-priori information regarding the likely deformation of the deep surface models. Initial tests illustrate the potential of the system in regard to the segmentation of cortical surface and deep brain anatomy. Results are analyzed in terms of improvements that will increase the efficacy of the system.
Structural Approach to the Solvent Power of Water for Hydrocarbons; Urea as a Structure Breaker (1968)

The finding of Wetlaufer et al., that addition of urea to water increases the (mole fraction) solubility of hydrocarbon gases (except methane) while making them dissolve with a smaller evolution of heat, is interpreted as a primarily statistical phenomenon. For this purpose, it is treated in terms of a skeleton model in which not only is water represented as a two-species mixture of dense and bulky constituents but the dissolved hydrocarbon is represented as dissolving separately in these constituents, as if it were distributed between two phases, i.e., between a quasiclathrate solution in the bulky constituent and a quasilattice or “regular” solution in the dense one. Added urea is pictured as being able to enter only one of the solutions, the quasilattice one in the dense water, with the result that it acts as a structure breaker. A statistical-thermodynamic analysis of this model leads to equations for the chemical potentials and the partial molal enthalpies and entropies of the hydrocarbon and the urea solutes, and it is found that very simple assumptions suffice to give calculated values for log γ and L̄ of urea, in binary aqueous solutions, in good agreement with experiment. The choice of parameters to fit the results of the Wetlaufer transfer experiments (of hydrocarbon from water to urea-water) leads to calculated values for the partial molal enthalpies and entropies of the hydrocarbons in their hypothetical binary solutions in the bulky (quasiclathrate solution) and dense (quasilattice solution) waters and comparison of these quantities with properties of appropriate real physical systems makes them appear to be acceptable. One inference from this successful result is that the hypothesis of Frank and Evans, that the “extra” negativeness of the S̄2 for hydrocarbon gases in water arises from a structure shift in the latter, may not be unique, but that a similar effect might also arise from the fact that water received some of the hydrocarbon solute into a different type of environment from what it would find in a “normal” solvent.
Electroencephalography (EEG)-Based Brain–Computer Interface (BCI): A 2-D Virtual Wheelchair Control Based on Event-Related Desynchronization/Synchronization and State Control (2012)

This study aims to propose an effective and practical paradigm for a brain-computer interface (BCI)-based 2-D virtual wheelchair control. The paradigm was based on the multi-class discrimination of spatiotemporally distinguishable phenomenon of event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) in electroencephalogram signals associated with motor execution/imagery of right/left hand movement. Comparing with traditional method using ERD only, where bilateral ERDs appear during left/right hand mental tasks, the 2-D control exhibited high accuracy within a short time, as incorporating ERS into the paradigm hypothetically enhanced the spatiotemoral feature contrast of ERS versus ERD. We also expected users to experience ease of control by including a noncontrol state. In this study, the control command was sent discretely whereas the virtual wheelchair was moving continuously. We tested five healthy subjects in a single visit with two sessions, i.e., motor execution and motor imagery. Each session included a 20 min calibration and two sets of games that were less than 30 min. Average target hit rate was as high as 98.4% with motor imagery. Every subject achieved 100% hit rate in the second set of wheelchair control games. The average time to hit a target 10 m away was about 59 s, with 39 s for the best set. The superior control performance in subjects without intensive BCI training suggested a practical wheelchair control paradigm for BCI users.
Headspace examination of volatile emissions from ripening papaya (Carica papaya L., Solo variety) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeadspace examination of volatile emissions from ripening papaya (Carica papaya L., Solo variety)Robert A. Flath, Douglas M. Light, Eric B. Jang, T. Richard Mon, and Janie O. JohnCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 4, 1060–1063Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00094a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Handling information (2009)

Lok's ears spoke to Lok.”?” But Lok was asleep.William Golding (1911–1993), British author, The Inheritors
The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Economic Growth in Mexico (2019)

The World Bank has stated that mobile communications are important for economic growth. The objective of this research is to perform an analysis the impact of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in terms of mobile phones, computers, the internet, fiber optics and the price of the internet, as well as gross capital formation fixed and the economically active population, to see their relationship in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or economic growth in Mexico and generate recommendations based on ICT. The three-stage least squares method was used to examine a 1990 – 2014 data set. A Cobb-Douglas function was considered with the Solow model. The results show that a positive impact was found for mobile phones, computers, the Internet and fibre optics that favours GDP levels, but the Internet price variable was found to have a negative impact. The principal contribution is that in Mexico the population should be Motivated mobile telephony investment, however the government should provide training on its use, because in some countries like Uganda, China, 22 countries of the Middle East and North Africa and others have presented economic growth with the use of mobile phones.