gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Differentiation Stage of Transplanted Stem Cells Modulates Nerve Regeneration (2017)

Abstract In regenerative medicine applications, the differentiation stage of implanted stem cells must be optimized to control cell fate and enhance therapeutic efficacy. We investigated the therapeutic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells at two differentiation stages on peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) and Schwann cells (NCSC-SCs) derived from iPSCs were used to construct a tissue-engineered nerve conduit that was applied to bridge injured nerves in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Upon nerve conduit implantation, the NCSC group showed significantly higher electrophysiological recovery at 1 month as well as better gastrocnemius muscle recovery at 5 months than the acellular group, but the NCSC-SC group didn’t. Both transplanted NCSCs and NCSC-SCs interacted with newly-growing host axons, while NCSCs showed better survival rate and distribution. The transplanted NCSCs mainly differentiated into Schwann cells with no teratoma formation, and they secreted higher concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor than NCSC-SCs. In conclusion, transplantation of iPSC-NCSCs accelerated functional nerve recovery with the involvement of stem cell differentiation and paracrine signaling. This study unravels the in vivo performance of stem cells during tissue regeneration, and provides a rationale of using appropriate stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Reflectometry as a technique to study the adsorption of human fibrinogen at the silica/solution interface (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReflectometry as a technique to study the adsorption of human fibrinogen at the silica/solution interfaceP. Schaaf, P. Dejardin, and A. SchmittCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 6, 1131–1135Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00078a045https://doi.org/10.1021/la00078a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell Density-Dependent Regulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor on Adult Rat Hepatocytes in Primary Culture1 (1993)

The proliferative potential of hepatocytes in the normal intact liver is highly suppressed, but they proliferate actively after liver injury. In this study, adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture were used to study mechanisms controlling hepatocyte growth in liver regeneration. DNA synthesis in hepatocytes cultured at a low cell density was highly stimulated in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but this stimulatory effect was not so obvious in hepatocytes cultured at a high cell density. In close parallel to the potency of DNA synthesis, the amounts of 125I-HGF specifically bound to hepatocytes cultured at a low cell density were much greater than in high cell density culture. Scatchard plots revealed that change in the specific binding of 125I-HGF was due to change in the number of high-affinity HGF receptors, but without change in the Kd values. Affinity cross-linking of the HGF receptor with 125I-HGF confirmed the higher expression of HGF receptor on hepatocytes cultured at a lower cell density. Since there was no significant change in the expression of c-met mRNA in hepatocytes cultured at different cell densities, the number of cell surface HGF receptors is probably regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms. We also found that the rates of HGF-induced down-regulation and recovery of HGF receptors on hepatocytes cultured at a low cell density were much faster than in cases of a high cell density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creep in protective α-Al2O3 thermally grown on β-NiAl (2007)

The authors report systematic measurements of creep relaxation in α-Al2O3, thermally grown in air on (100) single crystals of stoichiometric β-NiAl, at temperatures between 950 and 1100°C. Creep was monitored using time dependent in situ measurements of strain relaxation in the oxide following imposition of a stress resulting from a sudden temperature change. The in-plane elastic strain was obtained using a sin2ψ x-ray diffraction technique exploiting synchrotron radiation. The authors found that strain relaxation rates were comparable to those observed in fine grained α-Al2O3 ceramics when the latter results were extrapolated to the lower temperatures examined here. Creep rates at stress levels of 100MPa, or less, are proportional to σn, with n⩽2, consistent with a diffusional creep mechanism.
Weak acid adaptation: the stress response that confers yeasts with resistance to organic acid food preservatives (2001)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Lanthanide ion exchange properties of a coordination polymer consisting of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and trivalent metal ions (Ce3+, Fe3+, or Al3+) (2014)

Three kinds of coordination polymers ([M(dehp)3], M = Ce, Fe, or Al) were prepared by mixing the sodium form (Na(dehp)) of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and MCl3 in an ethanol-water binary mixture. They have monoclinic crystalline structure with similar lattice parameters. The lanthanide ion (Ln(3+) = La(3+), Sm(3+), Dy(3+), or Yb(3+)) exchange properties were studied in a 20 : 80 vol% ethanol-water binary mixture containing 2 mM Ln(NO3)3 at room temperature. The rate of Ln(3+) adsorption is relatively slow; it requires over 3 weeks to reach equilibrium. [M(dehp)3] has different Ln(3+) affinities depending on the kind of central metal ions: the affinity order at 3 week adsorption is Yb(3+) < La(3+) < Dy(3+) < Sm(3+) for [Ce(dehp)3], La(3+) < Sm(3+) < Dy(3+) < Yb(3+) for [Fe(dehp)3], and La(3+) < Sm(3+), Dy(3+), Yb(3+) for [Al(dehp)3]. The difference in affinity order can be explained by two factors: the coordination preference and steric strain caused by the polymeric structure. The chemical and structural analyses suggested that the Ln(3+) adsorption progresses first by the central M(3+)/Ln(3+) exchange, followed by a morphological change to a rod-like or fibrous form by a solid phase reaction. In the case of [Fe(dehp)3], the eluted Fe(3+) may be hydrolyzed and precipitated as amorphous iron hydroxide.
Clonal rolling circle amplification for on-chip DNA cluster generation (2017)

Generation of monoclonal DNA clusters on a surface is a useful method for digital nucleic acid detection applications (e.g. microarray or next-generation sequencing). To obtain sufficient copies per cluster for digital detection, the single molecule bound to the surface must be amplified. Here we describe ClonalRCA, a rolling-circle amplification (RCA) method for the generation of monoclonal DNA clusters based on forward and reverse primers immobilized on the surface. No primer in the reaction buffer is needed. Clusters formed by ClonalRCA comprise forward and reverse strands in multiple copies tethered to the surface within a cluster of micrometer size. Single stranded circular molecules are used as a target to create a cluster with about 10 000 forward and reverse strands. The DNA strands are available for oligonucleotide hybridization, primer extension and sequencing.
Simulation of viscous fingering during miscible displacement in nonuniform porous media (1988)

Numerical simulation is used to study the effect of different factors on unstable miscible displacement and to clarify the mechanisms of finger growth and interaction. The two-dimensional equations of miscible displacement in a rectangular slab are dedimensionalized and the factors that affect their solution are combined into dimensionless parameters. These parameters are the viscosity ratio, the aspect ratio (ratio of longitudinal to transverse dimension), Peclet numbers for molecular, longitudinal and transverse dispersion and the gravity number.\nTo study the effect of the structure of the porous medium, simulations are performed on different random permeability fields, generated by a statistical method, so that they have a given coefficient of permeability variation and a given correlation length.\nThe concentration equation is solved by an implicit finite element modified method of characteristics, which performs backward characteristic tracking. A mixed finite element method is used for the solution of the pressure equation.\nThe initial number and locations of fingers are dictated by the permeability distribution near the inflow end. The initial number of fingers is reduced by shielding and merging to a smaller number of "active fingers". Large viscosity ratio, aspect ratio, correlation length and coefficient of permeability variation facilitate merging and reduce the number of active fingers. With these parameters fixed, the latter is largely independent of the specific permeability distribution.\nGrowth of individual fingers is approximately linear in time, provided they do not interact with other fingers. Root mean square (RMS) length also grows linearly. The RMS growth rate increases with increasing viscosity ratio and seems to approach an asymptotic value as the viscosity ratio tends to infinity.\nAs the correlation length increases, RMS growth rate passes through a maximum. Large heterogeneity of the medium results in large RMS growth rate; the effect of heterogeneity increases with increasing correlation length.\nFor large gravity numbers, the displacement is dominated by gravity override. In that case a gravity tongue forms and fingering is suppressed. The tongue breaks through early and recovery efficiency after breakthrough is greatly reduced. The effect of gravity weakens as the aspect ratio increases.
Comparison of beta-glucuronidase-based substrate systems for identification of Escherichia coli (1986)

Methods based on the measurement of beta-glucuronidase have been shown to be specific and inexpensive for the identification of Escherichia coli from bacterial colonies within 1 h. Recently, commercial systems incorporating beta-glucuronidase substrates were introduced. Rapid Identification Method E. coli (Austin Biological Laboratories, Curtin Matheson Scientific, Inc., Houston, Tex.) and Rapid Detect E. coli (Organon Teknika, Morris Plains, N.J.) are single-tube test combinations to simultaneously measure beta-glucuronidase (fluorescence at 366 nm), o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (yellow), and indole (red). To determine the accuracy and utility of these two systems, we used them to test 169 E. coli and 150 non-E. coli and compared them with conventional substrate tests. The Rapid Detect test was more efficient than the Rapid Identification Method in demonstrating beta-glucuronidase activity, but the commercial systems were equal to each other and to the conventional tests for o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and indole. There were no false reactions by either system.
A novel MMIC active filter with lumped and transversal elements (1989)

An active filter structure is described and demonstrated as a monolithic microwave integrated current (MMIC). The filter structure makes use of both lumped elements and active transversal elements. The combination of lumped and transversal elements provides performance superior to that of a filter made of lumped elements alone and is much smaller than a filter made of transversal elements alone. This miniature MMIC filter has a passband of 9.8-11.1 GHz with 2-dB loss, and better than 30 dB rejection 1.1 GHz from either passband edge. This level of performance could not have been achieved on a conventional 4-mil-thick GaAs MMIC with only passive lumped elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grafische Datenverarbeitung mit einem benutzerfreundlichen, geräteneutralen Programmsystem am Großrechner TR440 / Graphical data processing by means of an easily handled, device-independent software system in a TR440 computer environment (1980)

Article Grafische Datenverarbeitung mit einem benutzerfreundlichen, geräteneutralen Programmsystem am Großrechner TR440 / Graphical data processing by means of an easily handled, device-independent software system in a TR440 computer environment was published on December 1, 1980 in the journal it - Information Technology (volume 22, issue 1-6).
The Utility of Entoptic Perimetry as a Screening Test for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis (1999)

Entoptic perimetry may be an effective and inexpensive alternative to fundus photography for CMV retinitis in hospitals and community clinics.
An object oriented model of behavior encoded virtual tools (2002)

We propose a model of attribute laden virtual tools to aid manipulation, interaction and navigation in a virtual manufacturing environment for controlling robots and machines. Fundamental to the concept of using such virtual tools, and other object-oriented virtual entities of this type generally (e.g. virtual obstacles, virtual workpieces, virtual machines etc.), is that each virtual entity represents both the graphical representation, and other physical plus "intellectual" attributes of the real entity. The aim of the virtual tool concept is to create the next generation of interface which will solve problems associated with multiple hierarchies of menu, information and other tasks such as interaction, and manipulation associated with cyberspace.
Study on key technology for 3-D galvanometric scanners (2009)

In order to design a 3-D galvanometric scanner with a large working field,its dynamic response capability,control algorithm and calibration algorithm were studied in detail. After selecting a servo motor with high dynamic response as the executive unit of the scanner,optimizing the scanning path and delay parameters,a 3-D scanner was developed successfully. A precise calibration model was designed to calibrate the scan image. This set of scanner was validated with it running for a long time. The scanner worked stably with repeating location precision of ≤30μm and scanning precision of 100mm ±0.1mm. The results show that the 3-D scanner has important application in large scanning fields.
Catalytic Enantioselective Hydrogenation of <i>N</i>-Alkoxycarbonyl Hydrazones: A Practical Synthesis of Chiral Hydrazines (2009)

An enantioselective hydrogenation of hydrazones catalyzed by Rh complexes (Rh-Josiphos or Rh-Taniaphos) has been developed. The protocol can be applied to hydrazones with three different protective groups (Boc, Cbz, and methoxycarbonyl), allowing for selective deprotection and further elaboration of the hydrazine products in the presence of other functional groups.
How Do Proximal Hydroxy or Methoxy Groups on the Bidentate Ligand Affect [(2,2′;6′,2"‐Terpyridine)Ru(N,N)X] Water‐Oxidation Catalysts? Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity at Acidic and Near‐Neutral pH (2013)

Abstract Water‐oxidation catalysts (WOCs) can potentially be improved by installing pendant electron‐donor groups that may also be proton donors or acceptors. We have modified one of the most well‐studied WOCs with alkoxy or hydroxy substituents on the bidentate bipyridine ligand (N,N), thereby forming [(terpy)Ru II (N,N)X] (X = Cl, H 2 O; terpy = 2,2′;6′,2"‐terpyridine). A combination of NMR spectroscopy (particularly 15 N chemical‐shift data), UV/Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and oxygen evolution data point to interesting and beneficial effects of an oxygenated group proximal to X. A methoxy group on the 2,2′‐bipyridyl (bipy) ring cis to X = Cl is shown to facilitate ionization of the chloride ligand in aqueous acetone, perhaps by acceptance of a hydrogen bond from the aquo ligand. Hydrogen‐bond donation of a proximal hydroxy group to a bound aquo ligand is shown by X‐ray diffraction. Distinct differences in p K a values for the 4,4′‐ and 6,6′‐dihydroxy bipy complexes are seen. In water oxidation driven by ceric ammonium nitrate, the 6,6′‐dimethoxy species is somewhat faster and longer‐lived than the analogue that lacks the oxygenated groups [a turnover number (TON) of 215 instead of 138 in 10 h, and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.36 min –1 instead of 0.23 over the same time period]. Taken together, oxygenated groups near the WOC active site are promising electron or proton donors and/or hydrogen‐bond acceptors, and are the subject of further scrutiny.
Current Understanding of <i>Pneumocystis</i> Immunology (2009)

Pneumocystis jirovecii is the opportunistic fungal organism that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans. Similar to other opportunistic pathogens, Pneumocystis causes disease in individuals who are immunocompromised, particularly those infected with HIV. PCP remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. Incidence has decreased greatly with the advent of HAART. However, an increase in the non-HIV immunocompromised population, noncompliance with current treatments, emergence of drug-resistant strains and rise in HIV(+) cases in developing countries makes Pneumocystis a pathogen of continued interest and a public health threat. A great deal of research interest has addressed therapeutic interventions to boost waning immunity in the host to prevent or treat PCP. This article focuses on research conducted during the previous 5 years regarding the host immune response to Pneumocystis, including innate, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and associated immunotherapies tested against PCP.
Family 19 Chitinase of<i>Streptomyces griseus</i>HUT6037 Increases Plant Resistance to the Fungal Disease (2003)

Chitinase C (ChiC) is the first bacterial family 19 chitinase discovered in Streptomyces griseus HUT6037. In vitro, ChiC clearly inhibited hyphal extension of Trichoderma reesei but a rice family 19 chitinase did not. In order to investigate the effects of ChiC as an increaser of plant resistance to fungal diseases, the chiC gene was introduced into rice plants under the control of the increased CaMV 35S promoter and a signal sequence from the rice chitinase gene. Transgenic plants were morphologically normal. Resistance to leaf blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea was evaluated in R1 and R2 generations using a spray method. Ninety percent of transgenic rice plants expressing ChiC had higher resistance than non-transgenic plants. Disease resistance of sibling plants within the same line was correlated with the ChiC expression levels. ChiC produced in rice plants accumulated intercellularly and had the hydrolyzing activity against glycol chitin.
Communication Optimization Strategies for Distributed Deep Learning: A Survey (2020)

Recent trends in high-performance computing and deep learning lead to a proliferation of studies on large-scale deep neural network (DNN) training. However, the frequent communication requirements among computation nodes drastically slow down the overall training speed, which makes the bottleneck in distributed training, particularly in clusters with limited network bandwidth. To mitigate the drawbacks of distributed communication, researchers have proposed various optimization strategies. In this paper, we give a comprehensive survey of communication strategies from both algorithm and computer network perspectives. Algorithm optimizations focus on reducing the amount of communication in distributed training, while network optimizations focus on speeding up the communication between distributed devices. At the algorithm level, we describe how to reduce the number of communication rounds and transmitted bits per round, besides we shed light on how to overlap computation and communication. At the network level, we discuss the effect caused by network infrastructures, including communication schemes, network protocols, and topology. Finally, we extrapolate potential challenges and research directions for communication acceleration in distributed DNN training.
Reversal agents in sedation and anesthesia: a review. (1988)

This paper reviews the use of prototypic drugs for reversal of the effects produced by anesthetic and sedative agents. Efficacy and toxicity information is presented for naloxone (as used to reverse opioids), physostigmine (as used for reversal of sedatives), and Flumazenil (a new specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist). Naloxone is very useful and specific for reversing adverse and life-threatening respiratory depression caused by narcotic drugs and should be used in these situations. Physostigmime has been advocated in incremental doses for reversing sedative effects in patients who are obtunded or depressed after having received benzodiazepines, droperidol, scopolamine, opioids, and phenothiazines. Flumazenil has been shown to readily antagonize the sedative, respiratory depressant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, amnestic, and anesthetic effects of the benzodiazepines; it appears to have tremendous potential for use in anesthesia, conscious sedation, and emergency medicine when available.
code_swarm: A Design Study in Organic Software Visualization (2009)

In May of 2008, we published online a series of software visualization videos using a method called code_swarm. Shortly thereafter, we made the code open source and its popularity took off. This paper is a study of our code swarm application, comprising its design, results and public response. We share our design methodology, including why we chose the organic information visualization technique, how we designed for both developers and a casual audience, and what lessons we learned from our experiment. We validate the results produced by code_swarm through a qualitative analysis and by gathering online user comments. Furthermore, we successfully released the code as open source, and the software community used it to visualize their own projects and shared their results as well. In the end, we believe code_swarm has positive implications for the future of organic information design and open source information visualization practice.