gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EAP-based Authentication with EAP Method Selection Mechanism: Simulation Design (2007)

Wireless networks have grown rapidly and more becoming part of our life, due to its advantages over the wired network, such as convenience, mobility, and flexibility. However the security concerns in wireless networks might have prevented its further widespread adoption. One of the solutions to overcome the wireless network security concerns is the IEEE 802.1X specification, a mechanism for port-based network access control, which is based on extensible authentication protocol (EAP), an authentication framework that can support multiple authentication methods. This paper proposed a design for an extension to the EAP framework for EAP authentication method selection purpose. The design then can be used to develop a simulation model of the EAP method selection mechanism.
Insomnia and Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Veterans (2012)

Women will account for 10% of the Veteran population by 2020, yet there has been little focus on sleep issues among women Veterans. In a descriptive study of 107 women Veterans with insomnia (mean age = 49 years, 44% non-Hispanic white), 55% had probable post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (total score ≥33). Probable PTSD was related to more severe self-reported sleep disruption and greater psychological distress. In a regression model, higher PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) total score was a significant independent predictor of worse insomnia severity index score while other factors were not. Women Veterans preferred behavioral treatments over pharmacotherapy in general, and efforts to increase the availability of such treatments should be undertaken. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between insomnia and PTSD among women Veterans.
Research Progress on Cornus wilsoniana Wanger (2009)

The research status of characteristics,artificial cultivation,exploitation and utilization of Cornus wilsoniana Wanger were summarized to provide the beneficial to the artificial cultivation and oil research.
A Differential Two-Pin Crystal Oscillator&#8212;Concept, Analysis, and Implementation (2006)

This brief presents the concept, analysis, design, and measurement results of a differential integrated crystal oscillator (XTO). The XTO requires only two package pins and is connected parallel to the crystal and to the load capacitor, but the amount of negative oscillator resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> is defined as the negative real part of the impedance (Z2 in Fig. 1) seen by the series resonance circuit inside the crystal: R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> =-Re(Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). is similar to that of three-pin XTOs such as Pierce or Colpitts. The basic idea is to use three small integrated capacitors and two differential transconductance stages to construct an impedance similar to that of Pierce or Colpitts XTOs
A Glycolipid Antigen Associated with Burkitt Lymphoma Defined by a Monoclonal Antibody (1983)

The antigen defined by a rat monoclonal antibody directed to a Burkitt lymphoma cell line was identified as globotriaosylceramide [Gal alpha (1 leads to 4)-Gal beta (1 leads to 4)-Glc beta (1 leads to 1)-ceramide]. The antibody demonstrated a strict steric specificity since it did not react with globoisotriaosylceramide [Gal alpha (1 leads to 3)-Gal beta (1 leads to 4)-Glc beta (1 leads to 1)-ceramide], the positional isomer of the antigen associated with the Burkitt lymphoma. Chemical analysis of various Burkitt lymphoma cell lines revealed that the Burkitt lymphoma cells contained more than 100 times as much of the glycolipid antigen as was found in other human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines.
Exponential Heating in Drug Stability Experiment and Statistical Evaluation of Nonisothermal and Isothermal Prediction (1997)

A new nonisothermal heating model (exponential heating model) for drug stability experiments, based on a theoretical study of simulated nonisothermal data, is presented. In the model, the heating rate dT/dt is increased by 2-4 times at every increase of 10 degrees C in temperature: dT/dt = a(T-T0)/10.(dT/dt)0 where a is the times by which the heating rate is increased at every increase of 10 degrees C. A computation method with optimization and Simpson integration for the experiment was also introduced. The estimates for the shelf-life and activation energy obtained by the exponential and other nonisothermal heating models were statistically evaluated and were compared with those obtained by the isothermal method under various conditions. The results indicated that under the same experimental conditions, the estimates obtained by the exponential heating model were significantly more accurate and precise than those obtained by the linear, reciprocal, and logarithmic heating models. The accuracy and precision of the estimates were independent of the shelf-life of drugs and experimental period. The estimates obtained by the isothermal method were somewhat more accurate and precise than those obtained by the exponential heating model. However, the experimental period needed by the isothermal method was about five times longer than that needed by the exponential heating model. The results also showed that in each of the heating models, the estimates are more accurate and precise by increasing the extent of drug degradation, changing temperature range or sampling frequency, or by having the mean temperature closer to room temperature. To demonstrate its applicability, the exponential heating model was used to study the stability of vitamin C tablets and predict their shelf-life.
A model for stimulus generalization in Pavlovian conditioning. (1987)

A selective review of experiments that can be said to demonstrate the effects of generalization decrement in Pavlovian condition is presented, and it is argued that an adequate theoretical explanation for them is currently not available. This article then develops a theoretical account for the processes of generalization and generalization decrement in Pavlovian conditioning. It assumes that animals represent their environment by a stimulus array in a buffer and that this array in its entirety constitutes the conditioned stimulus. Generalization is then held to occur whenever at least some of the stimuli represented in the array on a test trial are the same as at least some of those represented in the array during training. Specifically, the magnitude of generalization is determined by the proportion of the array occupied by these common stimuli during training compared to the proportion of the array they occupy during testing. By adding to this principle rules concerning excitatory and inhibitory learning, it is proposed, the model can explain all the results that were difficult for its predecessors to account for. A fundamental property of conditioned responding is that it may occur in circumstances that differ from those prevailing during acquisition. This phenomenon is referred to as generalization, and the term generalization decrement is used when this transfer is less than complete. These effects have been revealed with both Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, using a variety of species and a wide range of conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US). As iar as instrumental conditioning is concerned, a considerable number of studies have been directed at examining the factors that influence the magnitude of generalization from one situation to another (for reviews see Honig & Urcuioli, 1981; Mackintosh, 1974). These results also have been the focus of considerable theoretical analysis. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to the role of generalization in Pavlovian conditioning. Only a few studies have been concerned specifically with demonstrating the generalization decrement of a Pavlovian conditioned response (CR) as a result of modifying the properties of the CS (Hofiman & Fleshier, 1961; Hovland, 1937; Moore, 1972; Pavlov, 1927; Siegel, Hearst, George, & O'Neal, 1968). Furthermore, only a few theorists have been specifically concerned with the analysis of these and related effects (Hull, 1943; Pavlov, 1927). An alternative approach has been to show how a particular theoretical analysis of the Pavlovian learning process can be extended to account for generalization and generalization decrement (cf. Rescorla, 1976). The argument presented in this article is based on the premise that an adequate account for the effects of generalization must lie at the core of
The infectivity of gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum from patients treated with artemisinin. (1994)

Twenty-seven patients with gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum (PF) were divided into groups A, B, and C. A daily dose of 1200 mg artemisinin was given for 5 days to group A, a state dose of 750 mg of mefloquine to group B and a single dose of 750 mg mefloquine combined with 45 mg primaquine to group C. After treatment, the gametocyte count was taken daily, and infectivity of the gametocytes to Anopheles dirus via membrane feeding was also studied. Results showed that in group A, the density of gametocyte and infectivity were significantly reduced on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 after treatment; In group B, the gametocytes were significantly reduced on days 7, 14 and 21 and infectivity was significantly cut down on days 14 and 21 after medication. In group C, gametocytes disappeared in 5 out of 9 patients with failure of infecting mosquitoes in all 9 patients on day 4 after treatment. These indicate that artemisinin can effectively influence the infectivity of gametocytes of PF. Artemisinin is much better in blocking the transmission of PF malaria than mefloquine.
Syntheses of Novel Cyclotriveratrylenophane Capsules and Their Supramolecular Complexes of Fullerenes (1999)

Abstract Cyclotriveratrylenophanes were synthesized and their inclusion abilities for fullerenes were examined by UV spectroscopy. From the spectra, the association constants were determined using Rose and Drago method. Cyclotriveratrylene hosts showed shape-selective properties and large association constants up to 19400 ± 110 dm3mol−1 for C60 and 26500 ± 260 dm3mol−1 for C70
Terahertz Multi-User Massive MIMO With Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Beam Training and Hybrid Beamforming (2021)

Terahertz (THz) communications open a new frontier for the wireless network thanks to their dramatically wider available bandwidth compared to the current micro-wave and forthcoming millimeter-wave communications. However, due to the short length of THz waves, they also suffer from severe path attenuation and poor diffraction. To compensate for the THz-induced propagation loss, this paper proposes to combine two promising techniques, viz., massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), in THz multi-user communications, considering their significant beamforming and aperture gains. Nonetheless, channel estimation and low-cost beamforming turn out to be two main obstacles to realizing this combination, due to the passivity of IRS for sending/receiving pilot signals and the large-scale use of expensive RF chains in massive MIMO. In view of these limitations, this paper first develops a cooperative beam training scheme to facilitate the channel estimation with IRS. In particular, we design two different hierarchical codebooks for the proposed training procedure, which are able to balance between the robustness against noise and searching complexity. Based on the training results, we further propose two cost-efficient hybrid beamforming (HB) designs for both single-user and multi-user scenarios, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed joint beam training and HB scheme is able to achieve close performance to the optimal fully digital beamforming which is implemented even under perfect channel state information (CSI).
Refractive Surgery, Optical Aberrations, and Visual Performance (1997)

Visual optics is taking on new clinical significance. Given that current refractive procedures can and do induce large amounts of higher order ocular aberration that often affects the patient's daily visual function and quality of life, we can no longer relegate the considerations of ocular aberrations to academic discussions. Instead, we need to move toward minimizing (not increasing) the eye's aberrations at the same time we are correcting the eye's spherical and cylindrical refractive error. These are exciting times in refractive surgery, which need to be tempered by the fact that after all the research, clinical, and marketing dust settles, the level to which we improve the quality of the retinal image will be guided by the trade-off between cost and the improvement in the quality of life that refractive surgery offers.
On the benefits of ball milling within the field of rechargeable Li-based batteries (2005)

A staggering development over the last few years within the field of electrode materials, whatever battery technology considered, has been the use of mechanochemistry to optimize materials’ electroactivity. This low temperature physical synthesis technique, which does not require solvent, is critical not only to control powder morphology, crystallinity and state of division, but also to enable the stabilization of metastable phases that cannot be achieved at high temperature. Another positive attribute of ball milling has been its use as both surface-treatment and coating techniques to control particle surfaces, and therefore to trigger materials’ electrochemical activity.
Measurement of brain glutamate and glutamine by spectrally‐selective refocusing at 3 tesla (2006)

A new single-voxel proton NMR spectrally-selective refocusing method for measuring glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) in the human brain in vivo at 3T is reported. Triple-resonance selective 180 degrees RF pulses with a bandwidth of 12 Hz were implemented within point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) for selective detection of Glu or Gln, and simultaneous acquisition of creatine singlets for use as a reference in phase correction. The carriers of the spectrally-selective 180 degrees pulses and the echo times (TEs) were optimized with both numerical and experimental analyses of the filtering performance, which enabled measurements of the target metabolites with negligible contamination from N-acetylaspartate and glutathione. The concentrations of Glu and Gln in the prefrontal cortex were estimated to be 9.7+/-0.5 and 3.0+/-0.7 mM (mean+/-SD, N=7), with reference to Cr at 8 mM.
In Praise of Connoisseurship (2003)

In Praise of Connoisseurship "One might say, I have invented Poussin. I frequently think this is the chief function of the art historian, to synthesise, to concentrate, to fix his subject, to pull together into a unity all the disparate strands of character and inspiration and achievement that make up this singular being. . . . After me, Poussin is not, cannot be, what he was before me."
Water Purification, Microbiological Control, Sterilization and Organic Waste Decomposition Using an Electrochemical Advanced Ozonation Process (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Electrochemical oxidant generation has been combined with UV photolysis to provide a highly effective means of water purification, decomposition of bacterial organic substances, microbiological control and sterilization. Ozone is an oxidant with many unique features that make it a valuable tool for biomedical applications. It is an excellent bactericidal, virucidal and sporicidal agent making it ideal for use as a sterilant. Combining O<sub>3</sub> with UV radiation stimulates formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH·) which accelerates a wide range of organic oxidations. While in some instances maintenance of an oxidant residual is necessary, the residual can be rapidly removed by UV light at the point of use (i.e., Water For Injection). Test results on pyrogen decomposition, bacterial organic decomposition, microbiological sterilization, residual removal and water purification as a final step for producing pharmaceutical grade water are discussed.</div>
The Effect of Different Methods of Cationisation on the Starch Granule and Its Gelatinisation Product (1990)

Abstract The effect on the form and structure of starch granules caused by cationisation using a solvent, by dry cationisation and by cationisation in a water slurry has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By means of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA) and electron spectroscopy (ESCA) analyses have been made of the chemical elements in the surface layer and inner part of the cationised granules and in gelatinised products prepared from the cationised granules. Cationisation does not change the form of the granules. In granules cationised in a water slurry a slight swelling can be observed. Cationisation gives the starch granules a thin shell‐like outer surface. In the case of solvent‐cationised and especially of dry‐cationised granules there are abundant quantities of small particles in the surface of the granules. These are the remains of chemicals added during cationisation. The ESCA analyses show that the amount of N in the surface layer of solvent‐cationised, dry cationised and water‐cationised granules studied is 3.1, 0.71 and 0.37% (w/w), respectively. In the gelatinised samples prepared from the cationised granules the amount of N in solvent‐ and water‐cationised granules is the same but in dry‐cationised granules it is only half as much, i.e. 0.35% (w/w). The amount of Cl in the surface layer is for solvent‐, dry‐ and water‐cationised granules 88, 47 and 21% of the N content, respectively. The Cl content in the gelatinised products of solvent‐ and water‐cationised granules is approximately the same as before gelatinisation but in the dry‐cationised product it is 50% less. Judging from the analyses it would seem that the cationic amino groups are evenly distributed throughout the granule in the case of solvent‐ and water‐cationised granules. In dry‐cationised granules, however, these groups are concentrated to starch molecules in the outer part of the granule. The significance from the paper‐manufacturing viewpoint of even distribution of the cationic groups throughout the granule, of a low Cl content and of the existence of remains of chemicals in cationic starch is briefly addressed.
Absorption of H<sub>2</sub>S in NaOCl caustic aqueous solution (2001)

Abstract Pilot plant experimental data were collected to study the feasibility of H 2 S removal from air streams utilizing aqueous solutions. Solutions of NaOCl/NaOH were tested in a packed bed scrubber and found to be effective. An efficiency of 99.2% H 2 S removal was achieved at a gas flow rate of 790 lb/f 2 ‐hr and liquid‐gas ratio of 5.06. Sodium hydroxide was found to be the active ingredient in the absorption process. A minimum alkalinity of pH 11 in the scrubbing solution was required for the H 2 S to be efficiently absorbed in the packed bed scrubber. For gas flow rates up to 2,100 lb/f 2 hr, the height of a transfer unit (HTU) varied from 1.8 ft to 2 ft with different proportions of NaOCl and NaOH in the solution.
One-Pot Oxidation/Isomerization of <i>Z</i>-Allylic Alcohols with Oxygen as Stoichiometric Oxidant (2012)

A method for generating (E)-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes from Z-allylic alcohols or E/Z-mixtures is described. The one-pot procedure involves a Cu-catalyzed oxidation followed by an organocatalytic Z/E-isomerization with N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP).
Specifying resource allocation and time-tabling problems using a rule-based language (2002)

A general language called the resource allocation problem specification (RAPS) language, for specifying resource allocation and timetabling problems is presented. The language is based on the expert-system paradigm which enables the solution of resource allocation problems by using experts' knowledge and heuristics. The language enables the specification of a problem in terms of resources, activities, allocation rules and constraints. The language syntax is powerful and allows the specification of rules and constraints which are very difficult to formulate with the more traditional approaches. The language is independent of the inference engine that performs the allocation and can therefore be used to evaluate different allocation strategies. RAPS and the expert system for resource allocation (ESRA) shell were used to solve several resource allocation problems, which include staff allocation for air force missions and class scheduling in a university.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and age. (1967)

Because of the wide range of plasma factor VIII concentrations found in normal donors, and the inaccuracy of assays on concentrated material, the best basis on which to calculate the appropriate dose of concentrate for a given situation is the factor VIII concentration of the original plasma from which the cryoprecipitate was prepared. If this is known the dose can be calculated without waiting for the result of an assay performed on the reconstituted material, applying a correction factor to account for the expected recovery, as described above. In practice, however, it may not always be possible to assay the original plasma, and in such a case the following formula may be used as a rough guide:
Neutrophil-specific antigen HNA-2a, NB1 glycoprotein, and CD177 (2007)

The expression of CD177 is an important biomarker of myeloproliferative diseases, NB1 glycoprotein is a ligand for PECAM-1 and it may have a role in Wegener's granulomatosis, and antibodies to HNA-2a frequently cause pulmonary transfusion reactions.
WASP모형을 이용한 부하량 삭감에 따른 평택호 수질변화 예측 (2010)

대안별 부하량 삭감에 따른 평택호 수질개선 효과를 분석하기 위하여 WASP 모형을 이용하였다. 2011년 경우, 대안 0, 대안 1, 대안 2, 대안 3, 대안 4, 대안 5, 대안 6, 대안 7에 대하여 호소 내 평균 BOD 농도는 각각 6.93, 6.86, 6.80, 6.73, 6.67, 6.11, 6.05, 6.42mg/L로 예측되었으며, T-N 농도는 각각 7.18, 6.67, 6.51, 6.35, 6.23, 4.91, 3.75, 4.63mg/L로 예측되었으며, T-P 농도는 각각 0.30, 0.29, 0.28, 0.26, 0.26, 0.21, 0.24, 0.28mg/L로 예측되었다. 이상의 결과 대안 6이 호소의 수질농도를 낮추는 데 가장 크게 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.
A torque sensing technique for robots with harmonic drives (1993)

The authors propose a joint torque sensing technique making use of the existing structural elasticity of robots. The technique provides joint torque sensing without reducing the stiffness of the robot or changing the mechanical structure of the joints. The elasticity of the flexsplines of the harmonic drives is utilized to measure the joint torque. The flexsplines are flexible thin cups, made from steel, in the harmonic drives that are driven by the wave generators. A finite-element analysis of the flexsplines shows that a special configuration of strain gauges, mounted on the flexspline, has to be employed to eliminate errors in sensor information due to rotation of the wave generator. Characteristics of the torque sensor are examined experimentally. The linearity and the dynamic response are almost the same as those of a conventional sensing technique. For a one-link robot arm, both theoretical and experimental investigations support the validity of the sensing technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>