gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Health Monitoring System based on Wireless Sensor Network (2015)

Firstly, current development of SHM technology and application of WSNs technology in SHM are introduced. Secondly, based on analysis and comparison with routing protocols for WSNs, considering large numbers of nodes, individual nodes with extremely limited resource and data remotely transmission in a WSNs for large structural health monitoring. A highly efficient energy-saving routing protocol named WSPSHM (Wireless Sensor Protocol for Structural Health Monitoring) is developed, and details of routing algorithm are presented. Finally, the network simulation software NS2 is briefly introduced. Test and performance evaluation of routing algorithm with NS2 are discussed. Detailed flow and analyzing results of simulation are presented. Compared with current routing protocols, WSPSHM could effectively reduced radio frequency and ensure that the entire networks have higher throughput and longer life cycle at low level of energy consumption. Feasibility of network organizing technology for WSNs of large structural health monitoring is demonstrated.
Simultaneous Layout Migration and Decomposition for Double Patterning Technology (2011)

Double patterning technology (DPT) and layout migration (LM) are two closely related problems on design for manufacturability in the nanometer era. DPT decomposes a layout into two masks and applies double exposure patterning to increase pitch size and, thus, printability. In this paper, we present the first algorithm in the literature for the simultaneous layout migration and decomposition (SMD) problem. Our algorithm first constructs a potential conflict graph and DPT-aware constraint graphs, and then applies integer linear programming (ILP) corresponding to the graphs to obtain a decomposed and migrated layout. We further present an effective graph-based reduction technique to prune the ILP solution space, which maintains the same DPT conflicts. We also present a new DPT-aware objective for the SMD problem to minimize the difference between the original and migrated layouts while considering the DPT effects. In addition, we present an approach to generate DPT-aware standard cells by considering the DPT effects on the cell boundaries; this technique improves the layout printability and facilitates electronic design automation tools to consider DPT. Experimental results show that our algorithms can effectively generate conflict-free migrated layouts with 11% smaller layout areas and 21% smaller layout changes, compared with the traditional method of layout decomposition followed by LM. In particular, our reduction technique reduces the ILP variables by 45.7%, the ILP constraints by 58.5%, and the DPT edges by 79.9% over the basic ILP formulation, leading to a substantial speedup. For example, it can reduce the runtimes for the test cases from more than one day to only seconds.
<title>Visual fidelity and perceived quality: toward comprehensive metrics</title> (2001)

Traditional visual quality metrics measure fidelity instead of quality, even though fidelity, i.e. the accuracy of the reproduction of the original on the display, is just one of the many factors determining the overall perceived quality. In this paper, the addition of image appeal attributes is investigated in order to bridge this gap. Sharpness and colorfulness are identified among these attributes and are quantified by means of an isotropic local contrast measure and the distribution of chroma, respectively. The benefits of using these attributes are demonstrated with the help of data from subjective experiments.
A Conservative Formulation of the Discrete Transfer Method (1997)

The discrete transfer method, often employed to calculate radiative heat transfer in combustion chambers, is not conservative. The reason for this behavior is examined and a conservative formulation is proposed and evaluated. A simple treatment of isotropic scattering media is also presented. The original and the conservative formulation of the method are applied to two-dimensional and three-dimensional enclosures containing a participating medium. It is shown that the accuracy of the original and the conservative formulation is very similar, but the proposed formulation has the advantage of ensuring energy conservation.
The Use of Automatic Computing Machines for Implant Dosimetry (1958)

Generally the dose produced by implanting radioactive point sources within a patient is calculated by either the Paterson-Parker or the Quimby system. These systems assume a fixed distribution of sources, non-uniform and uniform respectively. Because of mechanical and physiological difficulties, however, these distributions are difficult to obtain. The purpose of this paper is to present a method by which the dose distributions produced by any random arrangement of radioactive sources can be computed and tabulated automatically. All possible positions of the sources are located in a three dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system with interspaces of a.5 em. The X and Yeo-ordinates of each source are expressed in terms of this lattice and this distribution may be extended for 11 em. in each co-ordinate. The Z co-ordinate is distance from the plane under consideration (Fig. 1.). The dose produced by each source is considered to be a function of the inverse-square law only. Such a dose is regarded as insignificantly small beyond 4.5 cm., as it is only 5 per cent of the dose at 1 em. These data are tabulated and transferred to punch cards. The dose contributions at a.5-cm. intervals in the X co-ordinate are tabulated on separate cards. Such cards are coded for each a.5-em. separation in the Y co-ordinate. Thus the data for the X-Yplane through the source is contained on 19 cards, referred to as a planar deck. The complete dose distribution throughout the volume of the sphere of influence of a source is given by 9 planar decks or a volume deck of 147 cards. There are volume decks (19)2 to include all possible source locations. Each deck is coded with the X and Y co-ordinate of the sources. The Z co-ordinate varies for each planar deck. The distribution of the implanted radioactive sources in the patient is determined by stereographic roentgenograms or by a tube-shift method. The sources are located in the Cartesian co-ordinate system to the nearest 2.5 mm. The various planar decks are chosen for each source and are put in order by a sorting machine. The dose to any plane produced by radioactive sources within the implant is calculated by summing the dose from each source to that plane (Fig. 2). The percentage dose rates are then automatically added, tabulated and printed for that particular plane by the accounting machine. The percentages are plotted on a Cartesian grid and the points of equal dose are joined, giving the dose distribution for a complete plane (Fig. 3).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐component cyclizations with heterocyclic iminophosphoranes. Part 4. Synthesis of Zwitterionic Heteropolycyclic Pyrazoles by a Three‐ Component Reaction. Some Mechanistic Considerations. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhancement of IEEE 802.11ah MAC for M2M Communications (2014)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications is expected to be supported in the next-generation wireless LAN, IEEE 802.11ah. One of the most important issues for M2M communications is designing an effective medium access scheme to handle many devices. In this letter, we propose a new medium access control (MAC) enhancement to increase the uplink access efficiency. The proposed algorithm estimates the number of devices for the uplink access from the success probability. In the proposed algorithm, an access point (AP) determines the optimal size of the restricted access window (RAW) considering the relationship between the estimated number of devices and the size of RAW. We show that the success probability for the uplink access is improved by using our proposed algorithm through analysis and simulations.
Enabling Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Stored Video Streaming Service (2007)

We aim to enable a large-scale, high-volume, peer-to-peer, stored-video streaming service over the Internet, such as on-line DVD rentals. This paper addresses the following three technical challenges associated with the distribution of streaming video over the P2P network: 1) allow users with limited transmit bandwidth capacity to become contributing sources; 2) support the advertisement and discovery of time-changing and time-bounded video frame availability; and 3) design the architecture of a streaming network that enables above two functionalities. To meet these requirements, we propose a video distribution network model based on the hybrid architecture between client-server and P2P. In this model, a video is divided into a sequence of small segments and each user retrieves the video segments according to the scheduling algorithm which determines the order, the timing, and the rate of segment retrievals from other users. The model also employs an advertisement and discovery scheme which incorporates parameters of the scheduling algorithm to allow users to share their life-time of video segment availability information in one advertisement and one query. The simulation study shows that the proposed model and associated schemes greatly alleviate the bandwidth requirement of the video distribution server, especially when the number of participating users grows large. As much as 90% of load reduction was observed in some experiments when compared to the traditional client-server based video distribution service
Reduction of mixed co-channel interference in microcellular STDD systems (2002)

STDD (shared time division duplexing) is an attractive candidate for high quality, low delay multiple access in microcellular systems. We show by means of theoretical analysis that STDD is superior to conventional TDMA as well as TDMA with slow speech activity detection (SAD) in terms of capacity. We demonstrate how a type of mixed co-channel interference particular to STDD can be eliminated by means of directional antennas at the base stations for both reception and transmission, combined with appropriate organization of the time burst. Numerical results are given for a frame length of 2 ms. Capacity gains of the order of 100% over TDMA are obtained with 40 speech slots per frame and a packet dropping rate of 0.1%.
200V Super Junction MOSFET Fabricated by High Aspect Ratio Trench Filling (2006)

In this paper, a new filling process using an anisotropic epitaxial growth was proposed as the fabrication method of a Super Junction (SJ) MOSFET. The anisotropic growth controlled with silicon (Si) and chlorine (Cl) source gases was applied to filling of the high-aspect-ratio trenches without voids. Using the process we succeeded in filling trenches with aspect ratio of 18, which is the highest aspect ratio works previously reported, and we fabricated a 200V SJ-MOSFET with a 2.7gm pitch trench gate structure. Consequently, the MOSFET showed electrical characteristics of the lowest on-resistance of 1.5 m-ohm-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a breakdown voltage of 225V.
Steam/CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Methane. Carbon Filament Formation by the Boudouard Reaction and Gasification by CO<sub>2</sub>, by H<sub>2</sub>, and by Steam: Kinetic Study (2002)

A rigorous kinetic model was derived for the formation on a nickel catalyst of filamentous carbon by the Boudouard reaction and for the gasification of filamentous carbon by carbon dioxide, by hydrogen, and by steam. The experimental study was performed in an electrobalance unit. Carbon formation and gasification experiments were performed at temperatures ranging from 773 to 848 K. The partial pressures of the various components were chosen in the ranges encountered in industrial steam reformers. The influence of the carbon formation reaction on the subsequent gasification process was also investigated. The mode of experimentation ensured that the rates of growth or gasification of the carbon filaments were always based on the same number of carbon filaments. The same reaction mechanism was derived from the study both of methane cracking and the Boudouard reaction and of the reverse reactions, gasification by hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Using the results of the parameter estimation, energy diagrams were constructed for the Boudouard reaction and for gasification by carbon dioxide and by hydrogen.
Selective Down-Regulation of the NKG2D Ligand H60 by Mouse Cytomegalovirus m155 Glycoprotein (2005)

Both human and mouse cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) encode proteins that inhibit the activation of NK cells by down-regulating cellular ligands for the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D. Up to now, three ligands for the NKG2D receptor, named RAE-1, H60, and MULT-1, have been identified in mice. The resistance of mouse strains to murine CMV (MCMV) infection is determined by their ability to generate an effective NK cell response. The MCMV gene m152, a member of the m145 gene family, down-regulates the expression of RAE-1 in order to avoid NK cell control in vivo. Here we report that the m155 gene, another member of the m145 gene family, encodes a protein that interferes with the expression of H60 on the surfaces of infected cells. Deletion of the m155 gene leads to an only partial restoration of H60 expression on the cell surface, suggesting the involvement of another, so far unknown, viral inhibitor. In spite of this, an m155 deletion mutant virus shows NK cell-dependent attenuation in vivo. The acquisition of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H resistance and the preserved half-life of H60 in MCMV-infected cells indicate that the m155-mediated effect must take place in a compartment after H60 exits from the ERGIC-cis-Golgi compartment.
Bioactive marine metabolites. Part 35. Cytotoxic metabolites of the marine sponge Mycale adhaerens Lambe (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBioactive marine metabolites. Part 35. Cytotoxic metabolites of the marine sponge Mycale adhaerens LambeNobuhiro Fusetani, Takeo Sugawara, Shigeki Matsunaga, and Hiroshi HirotaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 16, 4971–4974Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00016a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00016a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Disassembly and reassembly of human papillomavirus virus-like particles produces more virion-like antibody reactivity (2012)

D/R treatment of HPV16 L1 VLPs produces more homogeneous VLPs with more virion-like antibody reactivity. These effects can be attributed to a combination of more complete and regular assembly of the VLPs, better folding of L1, reduced non-specific disulfide-mediated aggregation and increased stability of the VLPs. Markedly different antigenicity of HPV16 VLPs was observed upon D/R treatment with a panel of monoclonal antibodies targeting neutralization sensitive epitopes. Multiple epitope-specific assays with a panel of mAbs with different properties and epitopes are required to gain a better understanding of the immunochemical properties of VLPs and to correlate the observed changes at the molecular level. Mapping of known antibody epitopes to the homology model explains the changes in antibody reactivity upon D/R. In particular, the H16.H5 epitope is partially occluded by intercapsomeric interactions involving the L1 C-terminal arm. The homology model allows a more precise mapping of antibody epitopes. This work provides a better understanding of VLPs in current vaccines and could guide the design of improved vaccines or therapeutics.
Novolak Design For High Resolution Positive Photoresists (1987)

The mechanism of resolution improvement in novolak-based positive photoresists was investigated from the stand-point of the image formation process. The image formation process in the novolak-quinonediazide system involves the dissolution inhibition in unexposed parts and the dissolution promotion in exposed parts. The 4-(gamma)-value, which is one of the indexes of resolution capabilities, depends greatly on the difference between the solubility of unexposed parts and that of exposed parts, i.e.-the lower dissolution rate in unexposed parts(Ro) and the higher one in exposed parts(Rp) are desirable to obtain high γvalues.
Semio Activity of Flavor and Fragrance Molecules on Various Insect Species (1993)

An exhaustive screening program on more than 2000 flavor and fragrance molecules and natural products was performed using a newly designed multiport olfactometer and was supported by field trials. The attractancy or repellancy of a number of these materials with respect to several insect species including housefly (Musca domestica), mosquitoes (Aedes egyptae), sandflies (Psychodidae), beetles (Coleoptera), and stored product moths will be discussed.
Evidence that agonist-induced activation of calpain causes the shedding of procoagulant-containing microvesicles from the membrane of aggregating platelets (1991)

One of the responses of platelets to stimulation is activation of intracellular calpain (the Ca(2+)-dependent protease). Previously, we have shown that activation of calpain in platelets is involved in the generation of platelet procoagulant activity. Because procoagulant activity is present on the microvesicles that are shed from activated platelets, in this study we examined whether calpain is involved in the shedding of microvesicles. Platelets were incubated with the physiological agonists collagen or thrombin. The extent of activation of calpain correlated positively with the amount of procoagulant-containing microvesicles that formed, and the shedding of procoagulant-containing microvesicles was inhibited by calpeptin, MDL, and EST (E-64-d), three membrane-penetrating inhibitors of calpain. The protein composition of the microvesicles shed from aggregating platelets was similar to that of microvesicles shed by platelets in which the association of the membrane skeleton with the plasma membrane had been disrupted by incubation of platelets with dibucaine or ionophore A23187. Furthermore, like microvesicles shed from dibucaine- or ionophore A23187-treated platelets, those shed from the aggregating platelets possessed procoagulant activity. These results are consistent with the possibility that activation of calpain in aggregating platelets causes the shedding of procoagulant-containing microvesicles. We suggest that the shedding of microvesicles results from the calpain-induced hydrolysis of the platelet membrane skeleton.
Spontaneous reversion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization-resistant variant HXB2thr582: in vitro selection against cytopathicity highlights gp120-gp41 interactive regions (1995)

Spontaneous revertants of the immune-selected variant HXB2thr582, which resists neutralization by certain conformationally dependent antibodies specific for the CD4-binding site on gp120 (such as F105), appeared after long-term culture in the absence of immune-selecting serum. Molecular analysis showed some of the viruses in the revertant stock contained a simple back mutation, whereas others retained the Thr-582 codon but contained a substitution of serine for phenylalanine in gp41 at position 673. Neutralization sensitivity to the selecting serum and to F105 of infectious clones containing either the back mutation or the compensatory mutation, HXB2thr582ser673, was confirmed. HXB2thr582-infected cells have a greater propensity for syncytium formation and single cell killing than do either the parental HXB2 or the revertant HXB2thr582ser673. This suggests that the revertant arose by selection in vitro for a less cytopathic virus. Our results link three envelope regions shown to influence virus-cell fusion as well as neutralization by antibody: the CD4-binding region, the leucine zipper domain, and a region hidden to antipeptide antibodies upon envelope oligomerization. Taken together they illustrate the functional importance of the gp120-gp41 interaction and emphasize the impact of the interplay between envelope regions on overall conformation and function and on recognition by neutralizing antibodies.
HCCI Operating Range in a Turbo-charged Multi Cylinder Engine with VVT and Spray-Guided DI (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has been identified as a promising way to increase the efficiency of the spark-ignited engine, while maintaining low emissions. The challenge with HCCI combustion is excessive pressure rise rate, quantified here with Ringing Intensity. Turbocharging enables increased dilution of the charge and thus a reduction of the Ringing Intensity. The engine used is an SI four cylinder base with 2.2<i>L</i> displacement and is equipped with a turbocharger. Combustion phasing control is achieved with individual intake/ exhaust cam phasing. Fuel injection with spray guided design is used. Cycle resolved combustion state is monitored and used for controlling the engine either in closed or open loop where balancing of cylinder to cylinder variations has to be done to run the engine at high HCCI load. When load is increased the NOx levels rise, the engine is then run in stoichiometric HCCI mode to be able to use a simple three-way catalyst. The fuel used is 95 RON pump gasoline and injection strategies are evaluated in order to maintain low soot levels and high efficiency. Limitations and benefits on operating range are examined between 1000 and 3000 rpm. This paper investigates how to extend the HCCI range and how to reduce the high pressure rise rate with: increased boost from turbocharging, external EGR and different injection strategies. A higher boost pressure was found to extend the load range. It is shown that the limitation from high RI, NOx or soot is not the same in all engine speed and load points. By turbocharging the engine in HCCI mode there is greater flexibility to increase the range of practical operating points.</div>
The Maid's Song and other poems; Stony Ground; The Trek; Full Circle (1939)

Journal Article The Maid's Song and other poems; Stony Ground; The Trek; Full Circle Get access The Maid's Song and other poems . By Phyllis Hartnoll . Macmillan . 3 s . 6 d . Stony Ground . By Eisdell Tucker . Macmillan . 4 s . 6 d . The Trek . A Poem. By Francis Carey Slater . Macmillan . 4 s . 6 d . Full Circle . Poems by Carla Lanyon Lanyon . Oxford : Shakespeare Head Press . 4 s . 6 d . Ruth Bailey Ruth Bailey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 2, Issue 10, 1939, Pages 251–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/2.10.251 Published: 01 April 1939