gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SHOOT BRANCHING (2005)

All plant shoots can be described as a series of developmental modules termed phytomers, which are produced from shoot apical meristems. A phytomer generally consists of a leaf, a stem segment, and a secondary shoot meristem. The fate and activity adopted by these secondary, axillary shoot meristems is the major source of evolutionary and environmental diversity in shoot system architecture. Axillary meristem fate and activity are regulated by the interplay of genetic programs with the environment. Recent results show that these inputs are channeled through interacting hormonal and transcription factor regulatory networks. Comparison of the factors involved in regulating the function of diverse axillary meristem types both within and between species is gradually revealing a pattern in which a common basic program has been modified to produce a range of axillary meristem types.
Microstructure and Properties of Biomorphic SiSiC Ceramics Derived from Pyrolysed Wooden Templates (2001)

In this paper wooden preforms derived from raw materials and binding agents and their processing have been investigated. In order to achieve dense biomorphic SiSiC ceramics the pressing is followed by pyrolysis and final infiltration with pure silicon melt. In these studies commercial wooden preforms composed of veneers, chips and fibers were used as raw materials. Uniaxial warm pressing experiments were conducted with different fiber and chip sizes as well as microcrystalline cellulose as a binding agent. The samples were converted into carbon preforms and siliconized through a modified LSI-process [6]. The manufacturing was done in order to produce homogeneous and dense biomorphic SiC ceramics with a high strength.
Using natural language processing to classify suicide notes (2008)

We hypothesize that machine-learning algorithms (MLA) can classify completer and simulated suicide notes as well as mental health professionals (MHP). Five MHPs classified 66 simulated or completer notes; MLAs were used for the same task. Results: MHPs were accurate 71% of the time; using the sequential minimization optimization algorithm (SMO) MLAs were accurate 78% of the time. There was no significant difference between the MLA and MPH classifiers. This is an important first step in developing an evidence based suicide predictor for emergency department use.
Introduction (2009)

Antiurbanism has received scant attention in the social scientific and historical literature. As a theme in political, cultural, and social history as well as a political and sociological phenomenon, antiurbanism has been sadly understudied and undertheorized.1 Generally it is seen as a product of the fear of cities and their anomic consequences on moral life. Conservative reaction to modernity also included an antiurban impulse since it was in cities that the impact of technological progress could be seen in the ways that workers and families disintegrated and the traditional morality of the past was called into question both in theory and in practice. In these instances, antiurbanism was seen as a means toward the regeneration of traditional life and values. All of this makes sense, but the deeper valences of this problem have not been adequately addressed. The urbanization of consciousness has given rise, historically as well as today, to an antiurbanized consciousness; a sense that cities and urban life more broadly are to be uniformly feared. In this respect, although antiurbanism has largely been studied as a historical reality—one confined to the reaction to the rise of modernity and industrialism—it has by no means subsided in postindustrial societies. In this respect, understanding the ways that antiurbanism has manifested itself in thought and practice is crucial, but it is also important to go a step further: to probe the deeper dimensions of antiurban sentiment in consciousness, in institutional logics, and broader patterns of cultural production. This is the aim of the present volume.KeywordsCultural ProductionInstitutional LogicUrban LifeTraditional MoralityMoral FabricThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Real-time implementation of a high fidelity MDCT-based codec (2002)

This paper discusses the real-time implementation of a high-quality audio codec at a bit rate below 150 kbit/s per monophonic channel on a 24-bit fixed-point DSP (Motorola DSP56002) based hardware. The algorithm is an adaptive modified discrete cosine transform coding technique. Known human hearing characteristics are exploited in the adaptive bit allocation scheme. Both the hardware and software configurations are described, along with measured execution times and program and data memory usages. A high fidelity quality suitable for consumer applications has been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pediatric Resident Training in Telephone Management: A Survey of Training Programs in the United States (1986)

Although practicing pediatricians spend a major portion of each day in the management of acute illness via telephone, information concerning instructional programs in telephone management is scanty. A 34-item questionnaire was mailed to the 242 program directors of US training programs to obtain information on how telephone calls are handled in pediatric training programs and how pediatric house officers are trained in telephone management. Fifty-five percent of programs have a formalized system for handling telephone calls. One half of programs have a policy on who can answer telephone calls; 11% stated that only physicians are permitted to handle calls. Residents handle an average of 19 calls per day (39% of the total calls received). Only 51% of programs document any telephone calls and only 19% document all calls. Despite the volume of calls handled by pediatric residents, only 45% of training programs offer specific training in telephone management. The most common instructional method is lecturing. Less than one third of programs have a review system or periodically audit telephone calls. Programs that offer resident training in telephone management are significantly more likely to have a system for handling calls, to document calls, and to have a review system.
High Level Synthesis (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Transformations for High Level Synthesis High Level Synthesis Techniques for Design Debugging Considering Testability in High Level Synthesis High Level Synthesis for Low Power Conclusion
A fully differential IR-UWB front-end for noncoherent communication and localization (2011)

This paper presents a 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband transmitter/receiver chipset for non-coherent communication and localization applications. Its fully differential topology fits promising balanced UWB antennas, and eases packaging. The transmitter uses a cross-coupled oscillator core transiently turned on by a current spike. It consumes 6 mW at 100 MHz impulse repetion rate, including the on-chip pulse shaping circuitry. The energy-detecting receiver front-end combines a fully differential low noise amplifier (LNA), a differential squaring circuit, low pass filters and buffers. The complete receiver IC dissipates 108 mW, almost independent of the applied impulse rate. Transmit and receive ICs are mounted chip-on-board at the feedpoints of dipole fed circular slot antennas. The measurement results suggest communication speeds up to 700 MBaud using on-off keying.
Suppression of the parasitic bipolar effect in ultra-thin-film nMOSFETs/SIMOX by Ar ion implantation into source/drain regions (2002)

A new technique is described that can effectively suppress the parasitic bipolar action in ultra-thin-film nMOSFETs/SIMOX without body contacts. Recombination centers are created in the source and drain regions by deep Ar/sup +/ implantation and these centers increase the hole current flowing from the body into the source, thereby reducing the emitter efficiency of parasitic bipolar transistors. An Ar-implanted 0.25-/spl mu/m-gate nMOSFET/SIMOX exhibited excellent improvements in characteristics: reduction in off-leakage current of over two orders of magnitude and increase in drain-to-source breakdown voltage beyond 0.6 V.
Haplessly Hoping: Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Made Easy (2013)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products control the repertoire of T cell responses that an individual may create against pathogens and foreign tissues. This text will review the current understanding of MHC genetics in nonhuman primates, with a focus on Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and Indian-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). These closely related macaque species provide important experimental models for studies of infectious disease pathogenesis, vaccine development, and transplantation research. Recent advances resulting from the application of several cost effective, high-throughput approaches, with deep sequencing technologies have revolutionized our ability to perform MHC genotyping of large macaque cohorts. Pyrosequencing of cDNA amplicons with a Roche/454 GS Junior instrument, provides excellent resolution of MHC class I allelic variants with semi-quantitative estimates of relative levels of transcript abundance. Introduction of the Illumina MiSeq platform significantly increased the sample throughput, since the sample loading workflow is considerably less labor intensive, and each instrument run yields approximately 100-fold more sequence data. Extension of these sequencing methods from cDNA to genomic DNA amplicons further streamlines the experimental workflow and opened opportunities for retrospective MHC genotyping of banked DNA samples. To facilitate the reporting of MHC genotypes, and comparisons between groups of macaques, this text also introduces an intuitive series of abbreviated rhesus MHC haplotype designations based on a major Mamu-A or Mamu-B transcript characteristic for ancestral allele combinations. The authors believe that the use of MHC-defined macaques promises to improve the reproducibility, and predictability of results from pre-clinical studies for translation to humans.
Bacteriophage lytic patterns for identification of salmonellae, shigellae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae (1992)

A series of bacteriophages specific for Escherichia coli (E-1, E-2, E-3, and E-4), Citrobacter freundii (phi I, phi II, and phi III), Enterobacter cloacae (Ent), and Shigella spp. (Sh) have been isolated from hospital sewage. These bacteriophages, in combination with Felix Salmonella phage O-I, were used as a diagnostic phage typing set which included seven phage preparations: O-I, C (phi I and phi III), Sh, E (E-1 and E-2), CE (phi II and E-3), E-4, and Ent. After 20,280 cultures of 27 species and 9 biogroups of 15 genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae and 276 cultures of 8 species of 6 genera outside the Enterobacteriaceae were tested, it was shown that most strains of salmonellae, E. coli, C. freundii, and E. cloacae can be identified accurately. The sensitivities of identification were 83.6% for E. cloacae, 88.8% for C. freundii, 90.3% for E. coli, and 95.76% for salmonellae. The specificities were 99.78% for salmonellae, 99.84% for E. cloacae, 99.89% for E. coli, and 99.97% for C. freundii. The results of bacteriophage lytic patterns were highly correlated with Shigella serotypes. Therefore, such a phage typing set may be used routinely in public hygiene and clinical laboratories.
<i>Francisella tularensis</i>Induces Cytopathogenicity and Apoptosis in Murine Macrophages via a Mechanism That Requires Intracellular Bacterial Multiplication (2001)

The murine macrophage-like cell line J774.A1 ingests and allows intracellular growth of Francisella tularensis. We demonstrate that, after 24 h of infection, a pronounced cytopathogenicity resulted and the J774 cells were undergoing apoptosis. Despite this host cell apoptosis, no decrease in bacterial numbers was observed. When internalization of bacteria was prevented or intracellularly located F. tularensis bacteria were eradicated within 12 h, the progression of host cell cytopathogenicity and apoptosis was prevented.
Sites of arrestin action during the quench phenomenon in retinal rods (1988)

The target proteins for arrestin (48 kDa protein) action during the quench of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activation in retinal rod disk membranes were identified by the use of a cross-linking reagent. A heterobifunctional, cleavable, photo-activatable cross-linker (sulfo-SADP) was coupled to purified arrestin. Under precise weak visible light bleach and nucleotide conditions of quench, the cross-linker was UV flash-activated at a time when quench was well established. The target proteins covalently linked to arrestin by cross-linker activation were identified by immunoblotting. In the presence of ATP arrestin cross-linked to both PDE and rhodopsin during the quench phenomenon. Removal of ATP from the reaction mixture essentially abolished the cross-link with PDE, just as ATP omission abolishes quench, but significantly increased the cross-link to rhodopsin. The absence of a cross-link to the plentiful beta-subunit of transductin, as well as the results of competition studies employing arrestin without attached cross-linker, suggest that the observed cross-links are specific and reflect true binding interactions of arrestin during quench. The data are consistent with a model of quench in which photolyzed rhodopsin (R*) catalyzes the formation of an activated form of arrestin, which dissociates from R* in the presence of ATP, and binds to PDEs, thereby deactivating them.
Which One of These Is Not Like the Others? An inter-hospital Study of the Viscosity of Thickened Fluids (2000)

This investigation examined the rheological (viscosity and yield stress) and material property (density) characteristics of the thickened meal-time and videofluorscopy fluids provided by 10 major metropolitan hospitals. Differences in the thickness of thickened fluids were considered as a source of variability and potential hazard for inter-hospital transfers of dysphagic patients. The results indicated considerable differences in the viscosity, density, and yield stress of both meal-time and videofluoroscopy fluids. In theory, the results suggest that dysphagic patients transferred between hospitals could be placed on inappropriate levels of fluid thickness because of inherent differences in the rheology and material property characteristics of the fluids provided by different hospitals. Slowed improvement or medical complications are potential worst-case scenarios for dysphagic patients if the difference between the thick fluids offered by 2 hospitals are extreme. The investigation outlines the most appropriate way to assess the rheological and material property characteristics of thickened fluids. In addition, it suggests a plan of quality improvement to reduce the variability of the thickness of fluids offered at different hospitals.
On the Bioisosteric Potential of Diazines:  Diazine Analogues of the Combined Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonist and Synthetase Inhibitor Ridogrel (1996)

In this SAR study the bioisosteric potential of diazines in the field of combined antithrombotic thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitors and receptor antagonists was investigated. In this context, two series of (E)- and (Z)-omega-[[(aryldiazinylmethylene)amino]oxy]alkanoic acids were synthesized of which pentanoic acid derivatives with a 2-pyrazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, or 5-pyrimidinyl group were found to exhibit this dual activity, while 4-pyrimidinyl as well as 3-pyridazinyl analogues showed only receptor antagonistic activity and 2-pyrimidinyl congeners were inactive. In the series of diazine analogues of Ridogrel (1), replacement of the 3-pyridyl group by a 2-pyrazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, or 5-pyrimidinyl moiety led to compounds that inhibit thromboxane A2 synthetase in gel-filtered human platelets comparable to 1 (IC50 of 0.006, 0.016, and 0.039 microM, respectively, versus 0.007 microM). Radioligand-binding studies with [3H]SQ 29,548 in washed human platelets revealed that these diazine analogues block the thromboxane A2 receptor with an IC50 of 11, 6.0, and 1.5 microM, respectively. This compares well with the IC50 = 1.7 microM of 1. Finally, testing of inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma with 2-pyrazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, or 5-pyrimidinyl congeners of Ridogrel indicated that these heteroaromatic moieties may serve as bioisosteric substitutes of a 3-pyridyl group in dual-acting antiplatelet agents.
Axial Length/Corneal Radius Ratio: Association with Refractive State and Role on Myopia Detection Combined with Visual Acuity in Chinese Schoolchildren (2015)

The AL/CR ratio was found to explain the total variance in SE better than AL alone. The effectiveness of the AL/CR ratio was statistically significantly better than UCVA for detecting myopia in children, and combining the two produced increased sensitivity without significantly decreasing specificity.
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid modification of crosslinked chitosan designed for a novel metal‐ion adsorbent (2004)

Abstract Novel chitosan‐based adsorbent materials were synthesized with a higher fatty diacid diglycidyl as a crosslinking agent, and the adsorption ability of the resulting polymers for several metal ions was evaluated. Selective adsorption for Cu 2+ in comparison with other divalent metal ions, such as Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ca 2+ , was observed with the crosslinked chitosan sorbent at pH 6; however, the adsorption power decreased abruptly as the pH value of the solution decreased. The addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) residues to crosslinked chitosan significantly enhanced the adsorption power for metal ions, especially for Ca 2+ . The adsorptivity of Ca 2+ was dramatically improved with the introduction of EDTA residues, and the value was greater than that obtained with a commercial chelate resin (CR11). Although the adsorption power of the EDTA‐derivatized sorbent for other metal ions was just comparable to that of the CR11 material, the newly synthesized adsorbent could be used for the recovery of metal ions from industrial waste solutions with a relatively wide range of pHs, from 4.0 to 6.0. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2758–2764, 2004
Fault-Tolerant Ethernet-Based Vehicle On-Board Networks (2006)

Automotive industry is in continuous evolution. Luxury as well as comfort is important. Safety measures are the most important in designing a moving vehicle. Safety can be studied from a mechanical point of view as well as from an electrical point of view. This paper presents a simulation study for fault-tolerant sensor networks for cars' on-board control. On-board communication and control networks are built using gigabit Ethernet. OPNET simulations showed feasibility and success of the proposed model with mixed traffic for real-time and non-real-time applications
A VLSI circuit extractor with a parallel algorithm (2002)

This paper describes a parallel algorithm of an automated CMOS circuit extraction that transforms an IC layout into a circuit netlist suitable for circuit simulations. Using reconfigurable parallel machine architecture, the newly developed algorithm achieved a circuit extraction performance which is a constant time complexity. The layout of a CMOS inverter used successfully to demonstrate an efficiency of the newly developed algorithm.
Clinical experience with a new hemodiafiltration (HDF) system. (1989)

Purity of reinfusion fluid and dialysate is mandatory in high flux, high efficiency substitutive treatments for chronic uremia, particularly when using bicarbonate concentrates. Bags of sterile and pyrogen free substitution fluid are in part responsible for the high costs of these treatments. In order to overcome these problems, the authors tested a new monitoring system (MPS-10, Gambro) for high efficiency hemodiafiltration (HDF) in which the reinfusion fluid was prepared from bicarbonate dialysate by filtration. During 5 months time, 96 on-line HDF treatments were performed in five chronic uremic patients. We found the infusion fluid and dialysate containing bicarbonate free from bacteria and endotoxins, with a correct weight balance obtained by the monitoring system. The authors believe that MPS-10 is a safe and adequate system for the production of sterile, pyrogen free dialysate and reinfusion fluid for on-line HDF, hemodialysis (HD), and hemofiltration (HF).
Adaptation of a Psychosomatic Medicine Computer Record System for Multi-Language Support: Making Psychiatric Computer Software Regionally Functional in Spanish- Speaking Countries* (2006)

"Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are becoming a standard for patient care, but are difficult to customize for local, regional, or international use. Particularly in the case of psychosomatic medicine, where diverse sociological, economical, cultural, and political influences may contribute to a patients disease state, EMRs have difficulty in being economically implemented. Careful, flexible computer program design, special editing systems to customize graphic user interfaces, and identifying localregional physician experts to assist in translation are keys to making a working application. We discuss the Micro-Cares CISCL Clinical Information System and the programming and customization decisions which have gone into adapting it for multi-language support. Discussed are the EMR design, adaptation for multiple hardware platforms (desktop, laptop and tablet computers, and on hand-held PDA systems), multi-tiered data storage, and customizable language manager, and questionnaire designer. Concepts of flexibly scaling CISCL to support the single user, or multiple user, or extensive department/ division personnel are discussed. Experience with regional testing and use are described, including modifications to the CISCL program that have been extensively user-guided. Finally, we examine standards of approach to multi-language support that have arisen from adapting CISCL to non-Romance-based languages, e.g., Mandarin. Our current experiences are summarized with description of on-going research efforts."
The Hydrogen Reduction Kinetics of Chromic Oxide Pellet (1986)

Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) pellets with different pore structures were reduced with hydrogen in the temperature range from 1423 to 1623 K. The pore-radius distributions of unreduced and partially reduced pellets were measured by the mercury penetration method, and fractures of partially reduced pellets were observed by the use of SEM.Since it was observed that the reduction proceeded topochemically under the formation of a relatively clear interface between a reduced sheel and a not reacting core, the reduction rate was analysed on the basis of a not reacting core model, in which the diffusion through the gaseous film around pellet, the intraparticle diffusion and the chemical reaction were taken into account.The rate constant of chemical reaction was increased with the decrease of grain size of Cr2O3 in pellet, while the activation energy was 148∼166 kJ/mol and almost unchanged with the grain size. The intraparticle diffusivity and the labyrinth factor were highly influenced by the pore size, and their temperature-dependence was considerably greater than that in the reduction of iron oxide pellet with hydrogen. In the reduction of pellet composed of fine-grain Cr2O3, pore-shrinkage resulting from sintering occurred in the reduced layer so that the resistance of intraparticle diffusion was larger.