gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Air Revitalization System for space station (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In closed environments such as space stations, it is necessary to eliminate CO<sub>2</sub> produced by the metabolisms of crew members, for their life support, and to regenerate the air by supplying O<sub>2</sub> to make up for the deficiency. If humans are to be in space only a short time, it is in general advantageous to adsorb CO<sub>2</sub> with lithium hydroxide, and to supply O<sub>2</sub> from tanks. But when the stay in space is long, it is essential to establish a highly reliable and energy-efficient system to recover CO<sub>2</sub> in high concentrations and regenerate O<sub>2</sub> from this recovered CO<sub>2</sub> <span class="xref">Fig. 1</span> shows the system presently conceived, which is roughly divided into the following processes: A process that removes and concentrates CO<sub>2</sub> from the air; a CO<sub>2</sub> reduction process that separates carbon from CO<sub>2</sub> and obtains water; and a water electrolysis process that decomposes water electrically and recovers O<sub>2</sub>. The process deemed most promising both in terms of low energy consumption and reliability for removing and concentrating CO<sub>2</sub>. In this process, solid amine removes CO<sub>2</sub> produced by human metabolisms, desorbs it, then separates and concentrates CO<sub>2</sub> of high purity.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Bosch reaction, which proceeds at comparatively low temperatures, is thought to be advantageous for the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction process, and using a solid electrolyte is advantageous for the water electrolysis process.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This research involved several tests, and simulated analysis for these processes to examine the optimum conditions for the effective operation of the system.</div>
Genome-Scale Genotype-Phenotype Matching of Two <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Isolates from Plants Identifies Mechanisms of Adaptation to the Plant Niche (2007)

Lactococcus lactis is a primary constituent of many starter cultures used for the manufacturing of fermented dairy products, but the species also occurs in various nondairy niches such as (fermented) plant material. Three genome sequences of L. lactis dairy strains (IL-1403, SK11, and MG1363) are publicly available. An extensive molecular and phenotypic diversity analysis was now performed on two L. lactis plant isolates. Diagnostic sequencing of their genomes resulted in over 2.5 Mb of sequence for each strain. A high synteny was found with the genome of L. lactis IL-1403, which was used as a template for contig mapping and locating deletions and insertions in the plant L. lactis genomes. Numerous genes were identified that do not have homologs in the published genome sequences of dairy L. lactis strains. Adaptation to growth on substrates derived from plant cell walls is evident from the presence of gene sets for the degradation of complex plant polymers such as xylan, arabinan, glucans, and fructans but also for the uptake and conversion of typical plant cell wall degradation products such as alpha-galactosides, beta-glucosides, arabinose, xylose, galacturonate, glucuronate, and gluconate. Further niche-specific differences are found in genes for defense (nisin biosynthesis), stress response (nonribosomal peptide synthesis and various transporters), and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as the expected differences in various mobile elements such as prophages, plasmids, restriction-modification systems, and insertion sequence elements. Many of these genes were identified for the first time in Lactococcus lactis. In most cases good correspondence was found with the phenotypic characteristics of these two strains.
Real-Time Decoding of Auditory Attention from EEG via Bayesian Filtering (2018)

In a complex auditory scene comprising multiple sound sources, humans are able to target and track a single speaker. Recent studies have provided promising algorithms to decode the attentional state of a listener in a competing-speaker environment from non-invasive brain recordings sun exhibit poor performance at temporal resolutions suitable for real-time implementation, which hinders their utilization in emerging applications such as smart hearich as electroencephalography (EEG). These algorithms require substantial training datasets and ofteng aids. In this work, we propose a real-time attention decoding framework by integrating techniques from Bayesian filtering, $\ell_{1}$-regularization, state-space modeling, and Expectation Maximization, which is capable of producing robust and statistically interpretable measures of auditory attention at high temporal resolution. Application of our proposed algorithm to synthetic and real EEG data yields a performance close to the state-of-the-art offline methods, while operating in near real-time with a minimal amount of training data.
D.E.E.P. learning: Promoting informal STEM learning through ocean research videogames (2013)

Serious games are increasingly being recognized as effective tools for STEM learning in both formal and informal education settings. We have developed a serious game based on the popular Microsoft Xbox360 gaming platform, that engages Informal Science Education Institution (ISEI) visitors in the exploration and understanding of the deep-sea environment and advances in ocean sampling technologies. The game, based on NSF research initiatives (Ocean Observatories Initiative; Ridge 2000 Program), provides highly visual, interactive interfaces that allow visitors to explore STEM content and concepts in the context of a compelling and otherwise inaccessible environment. Results of these efforts provide new intellectual insights into the role of serious games in motivating STEM learning and conceptual understanding in informal education environments.
Determining atom‐centered monopoles from molecular electrostatic potentials. The need for high sampling density in formamide conformational analysis (1990)

Abstract An improved method for computing potential‐derived charges is described which is based upon the CHELP program available from QCPE. 1 This approach (CHELPG) is shown to be considerably less dependent upon molecular orientation than the original CHELP program. In the second part of this work, the CHELPG point selection algorithm was used to analyze the changes in the potential‐derived charges in formamide during rotation about the CN bond. In order to achieve a level of rotational invariance less than 10% of the magnitude of the electronic effects studied, an equally‐spaced array of points 0.3 Å apart was required. Points found to be greater than 2.8 Å from any nucleus were eliminated, along with all points contained within the defined VDW distances from each of the atoms. The results are compared to those obtained by using CHELP. Even when large numbers of points (ca. 3000) were sampled using the CHELP selection routine, the results did not indicate a satisfactory level of rotatational invariance. On the basis of these results, the original CHELP program was found to be inadequate for analyzing internal rotations.
Functionalizable Nanoporous Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks (2018)

We have synthsized new two dimensional nitrogen containing covalent organic framework (COF) materials with conductive backbones that may be ideal candidates for many electrochemical applications. The materials are "bottom up" synthesized rather than top down as in modifification of graphene or graphene oxide. We can produce materials with various sized ordered nanopores that can be functionalized with virtually any functional group. For electrochemical membrane applications we focus on lining the pores with charged carboxylate, quaternary nitrogens and sulfonate groups. Prelimary studies indicate that, depending on the dimension of the COF backbone, we can put as many as 6 to 12 carboxylate groups in each nanopore and have demonstrated selective ion conductivity to both size and charge with membranes fabricated with these materials.
Drug Carriers for the Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides (2014)

Peptides take on an increasingly important role as therapeutics in areas including diabetes, oncology, and metabolic, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. In addition, many peptides such as insulin have been employed for many years. A challenge in the administration of peptide drugs is their often low hydrolytic stability, as well as other problems that are common to any drug treatment such as systemic distribution. There is a significant attention in the literature of protein drugs and their delivery strategies, but not many overviews are specifically dedicated to peptides. In this review, the different approaches to deliver peptides have been summarized where the focus is only on drug carriers based on organic materials. Initial discussion is on different methods of polymer-peptide conjugation before being followed by physical encapsulation techniques, which is divided into surfactant-based techniques and polymer carriers. Surfactant-based techniques are dominated by liposome, microemulsions and solid-lipid nanoparticles. The field widens further in the polymer field. The delivery of peptides has been enhanced using polymer-decorated liposomes, solid microspheres, polyelectrolyte complex, emulsions, hydrogels, and injectable polymers. The aim of this article is to give the reader an overview over the different types of carriers.
SENSATION: A new environment for automatic circuit optimization and statistical analysis (2002)

A new environment, SENSATION for circuit optimization and statistical analysis has been developed. It provides real-time optimization and includes automatic algorithms to assist for reaching optimal points. A statistical analysis environment is presented, which aids in Monte Carlo analysis, worst case corner analysis, and sensitivity analysis. This capability facilitates the characterization of the effects of several operating conditions and manufacturing process parameters on the design performances. Experimental results illustrating the advantages of the proposed methods are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of uterine stromal-epithelial crosstalk in embryo implantation (2014)

Embryo implantation is a crucial step for successful pregnancy. Prior to implantation, the luminal epithelium undergoes steroid hormone-induced structural and functional changes that render it competent for embryo attachment. Subsequent invasion of the embryo into the maternal tissue triggers differentiation of the underlying stromal cells to form the decidua, a transient tissue which supports the developing embryo. Many molecular cues of both stromal and epithelial origin have been identified that are critical mediators of this process. An important aspect of uterine biology is the elaborate crosstalk that occurs between these tissue compartments during early pregnancy through expression of paracrine factors regulated by the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. Aberrant expression of these factors often leads to implantation failure and infertility. Genetically-engineered mouse models have been instrumental in elucidating what these paracrine factors are, what drives their expression, and what their effects are on neighboring cells. This review provides an overview of several well-characterized signaling pathways that span both epithelial and stromal compartments and their function during implantation in the mouse.
Direct Dense Pose Estimation (2021)

Dense human pose estimation is the problem of learning dense correspondences between RGB images and the surfaces of human bodies, which finds various applications, such as human body reconstruction, human pose transfer, and human action recognition. Prior dense pose estimation methods are all based on Mask R-CNN framework and operate in a top-down manner of first attempting to identify a bounding box for each person and matching dense correspondences in each bounding box. Consequently, these methods lack robustness due to their critical dependence on the Mask R-CNN detection, and the runtime increases drastically as the number of persons in the image increases. We therefore propose a novel alternative method for solving the dense pose estimation problem, called Direct Dense Pose (DDP). DDP first predicts the instance mask and global IUV representation separately and then combines them together. We also propose a simple yet effective 2D temporal-smoothing scheme to alleviate the temporal jitters when dealing with video data. Experiments demonstrate that DDP overcomes the limitations of previous top-down baseline methods and achieves competitive accuracy. In addition, DDP is computationally more efficient than previous dense pose estimation methods, and it reduces jitters when applied to a video sequence, which is a problem plaguing the previous methods.
BindingDB Entry 50042075: Biliary excretion of pravastatin in rats: contribution of the excretion pathway mediated by canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter. (2013)

The biliary excretion of pravastatin in normal rats and Eisai hyperbiliruminemic rats (EHBRs) was examined in vivo and in vitro using bile canalicular membrane vesicles (CMVs). In vivo, the total body clearances at steady-state (CLtot) for both rat strains decreased as the infusion rate increased. At the lowest infusion rate, CLtot for normal rats was 1.6 times higher than that for EHBRs. Under this set of conditions, the biliary excretion clearance (CLbile), defined as the biliary excretion rate at steady-state divided by the concentration in the liver (Cliver), for normal rats was 3-fold higher than that for EHBRs. The CLbile fell markedly with increasing Cliver for normal rats and the Michaelis constant (KM) for Cliver was 180 microM; in contrast, the degree of saturation was slight if any in EHBRs. In vitro, the uptake of pravastatin by CMVs prepared from normal rats exhibited clear ATP-dependence, whereas only a minimal effect of ATP was observed on the uptake by CMVs from EHBRs. Transport kinetic studies were performed over a wide range of pravastatin concentration (0.2-10,000 microM) with a tracer tritium-labeled pravastatin. Saturation was observed both in the ATP-dependent (KM: 220 microM) and ATP-independent (KM: 480 microM) uptake by CMVs prepared from normal rats. ATP-dependent uptake of 2, 4-dinitrophenyl glutathione, a typical substrate for the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), was inhibited by pravastatin in a concentration-dependent manner and the resultant inhibitory constant of pravastatin (170 microM) was comparable with the KM value of ATP-dependent pravastatin uptake itself. In conclusion, biliary excretion of pravastatin is mediated mainly by cMOAT in normal rats. This can explain the decrease in the biliary excretion of pravastatin in EHBRs.
TOWARDS A GENERAL MODEL OF TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING (2012)

Psychological models of temporal discounting have now successfully displaced classical economic theory due to the simple fact that many common behavior patterns, such as impulsivity, were unexplainable with classic models. However, the now dominant hyperbolic model of discounting is itself becoming increasingly strained. Numerous factors have arisen that alter discount rates with no means to incorporate the different influences into standard hyperbolic models. Furthermore, disparate literatures are emerging that propose theoretical constructs that are seemingly independent of hyperbolic discounting. We argue that, although hyperbolic discounting provides an eminently useful quantitative measure of discounting, it fails as a descriptive psychological model of the cognitive processes that produce intertemporal preferences. Instead, we propose that recent contributions from cognitive neuroscience indicate a path for developing a general model of time discounting. New data suggest a means by which neuroscience-based theory may both integrate the diverse empirical data on time preferences and merge seemingly disparate theoretical models that impinge on time preferences.
Trichoderma: biology and applications (2013)

Three asexual reproduction strategies have been described for Trichoderma: conidiation, microcycle conidiation and chlamydosporogenesis. The vast majority of Trichoderma biocontrol preparations consist of conidia generated in bulk and, as such, much research has been undertaken into conidiation, establishing Trichoderma as a model for asexual reproduction in fungi (Steyaert et al., 2010b). In this chapter we will discuss what is known of the key factors involved in the induction and regulation of conidiation. At the end of the chapter we will provide an overview of the less well understood processes of microcycle conidiation and chlamydosporogenesis.
„Off-Axis“-Verhalten der Laminatschichten (1989)

Um das Scherkopplungsphänomen und den „Off-Axis“-Modul sowie die „Off-Axis“-Festigkeit für Laminatschichten (Modul und Festigkeit von Laminatschichten, deren Faserorientierung nicht parallel oder senkrecht zur Belastungsrichtung ist) zu charakterisieren, wird das Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten von „Off-Axis“-Proben unter uniaxialem Zug beobachtet. Diese Proben bestehen aus einer unidirektional verstärkten Probe mit einer Faserrichtung, die in einem Winkel α zur Belastungsrichtung orientiert ist (Fig. 9.1). Typische Abmessungen der „Off-Axis“-Proben sind in Tab. 9.1 gegeben.
Frequency and degree of milk removal and the short‐term control of human milk synthesis (1996)

The effect of the temporal spacing and degree of milk removal by either expression or breastfeed on short-term (hour to hour) rates of milk synthesis was investigated. For four expressing mothers (three of whom had given birth prematurely), the relationship between milk produced at an expression and the time since the last expression showed that proportionally less milk is produced after intervals of 6-18 h than after intervals of less than 6 h (P < 0.0002). For five breastfeeding and four expressing mothers (three of whom had given birth prematurely), rates of milk synthesis (ranging from 0 to 56 ml/h) were linear between breastfeeds and expressions (intervals ranging from < 1 h to 6 h). Changes in rate of milk synthesis were not directly associated with the frequency of breastfeeds but rather with the degree of emptying of the breast (P < 0.05). These results indicate the importance of degree, rather than frequency, of breast emptying in the short-term control of human milk synthesis.
High urea and NaCl carbonylate proteins in renal cells in culture and<i>in vivo</i>, and high urea causes 8-oxoguanine lesions in their DNA (2004)

(i) Oxidative stress, associated with high urea, causes 8-oxoguanine DNA lesions in mIMCD3 cell DNA. (ii) High urea or NaCl carbonylates proteins in mIMCD3 cells and in renal inner medullary cells in vivo. (iii) In mIMCD3 cells a normal plasma concentration of urea causes carbonylation, and carbonylation increases over the uremic range of urea concentration, indicating that urea can contribute directly to the carbonylation found in uremia.
PET: An eye-tracking dataset for animal-centric Pascal object classes (2015)

We present PET- the Pascal animal classes Eye Tracking database. Our database comprises eye movement recordings compiled from forty users for the bird, cat, cow, dog, horse and sheep trainval sets from the VOC 2012 image set. Different from recent eye-tracking databases such as [1, 2], a salient aspect of PET is that it contains eye movements recorded for both the free-viewing and visual search task conditions. While some differences in terms of overall gaze behavior and scanning patterns are observed between the two conditions, a very similar number of fixations are observed on target objects for both conditions. As a utility application, we show how feature pooling around fixated locations enables enhanced (animal) object classification accuracy.
Lathyrane Diterpenoids from the Roots of <i>Euphorbia micractina</i> and Their Biological Activities (2011)

Seventeen new lathyrane diterpenoids (1-17) and two known analogues have been isolated from an ethanolic extract of Euphorbia micractina roots. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compound 10 showed activity against HIV-1 replication in vitro, with an IC50 value of 8.2 μM. Compounds 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, and 18, at 10(-6) M, showed significant vascular-relaxing activities against phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction with relaxation rates of 48%, 41%, 42%, 48%, 50%, and 53%, respectively.
Basicity of isoperthiocyanic acid (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBasicity of isoperthiocyanic acidRaymond Seltzer and William J. ConsidineCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1665–1666Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a087https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Review of UWB MAC Protocols (2010)

In this paper, we review several ultra-wideband (UWB) medium access control (MAC) protocols that have been proposed to date. This review then considers the possibility of developing an optimal MAC layer for high data rate UWB transmission systems that transmit very little power especially in application to mobile devices. MAC in UWB wireless networks is necessary to coordinate channel access among competing devices. Unique UWB characteristics offer great challenges and opportunities in effective UWB MAC design. We first present the background of UWB and the concept of MAC protocols for UWB. Secondly, we summarize four UWB MAC protocols that have been proposed by other researchers and finally, a conclusion with a view to the planned future work. The main contribution of this paper is that it presents a summarised version of several MAC protocols applicable to UWB systems. This will hopefully initiate further research and developments in UWB MAC protocol design.