gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Electron-Beam Triggered Spark Gap (1980)

The triggering of a high-voltage gas-insulated spark gap by an electron (e) beam has been investigated. Rise times of approximately 2.5 ns with subnanosecond jitter (~0.2 ns) have been obtained for 3-cm gaps charged at voltages as low as 50 percent of the self-breakdown voltage (varied up to 0.5 MV). The switch delay (including the e-beam diode) was 52 ns. The triggering e-beam pulse has a duration of 15 ns and a 0-50 percent rise time of 1.5 ns. The e-beam current is 0.5 kA, and the electron energy can be varied in the range from 80 to 145 keV. The working media were N2, mixtures of N2 and A, and N2 and SF6 at pressures of 1-3 atm. Voltage, current, and jitter measurements have been made for a wide range of gap conditions and e-beam parameters. Variations in the character of the discharge have been inferred using streak and open shutter photography. The photographs show that the discharge has a broad cross section and that its character varies for differing polarites and voltages. The effects of varying the e-beam width and the beam energy are discussed.
Myocardial Production of Aldosterone and Corticosterone in the Rat (1998)

Increasing evidence suggests that mineralo- and glucocorticoids modulate cardiovascular homeostasis via the effects of circulating components generated within the adrenals but also through local synthesis. The aim of this study was to assess the existence of such a steroidogenic system in heart. Using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, the terminal enzymes of corticosterone and aldosterone synthesis (11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase, respectively) were detected in the rat heart. This pathway was shown to be physiologically active, since production of aldosterone, corticosterone, and their precursor, deoxycorticosterone, was detected in both the homogenate and perfusate of isolated rat hearts using radioimmunoassay after Celite column chromatography. Perfusion of angiotensin II or adrenocorticotropin for 3 h increased aldosterone and corticosterone production and decreased deoxycorticosterone, suggesting that aldosterone and corticosterone are formed within the isolated heart from a locally present substrate. Chronic regulation of this intracardiac system was then examined. As in adrenals cardiac 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone-synthase mRNAs were independently regulated by 1 week's treatment with either low sodium and high potassium diet (which increased aldosterone synthase mRNA level only), angiotensin II (which raised level of both mRNAs), or adrenocorticotropin (which stimulated the 11beta-hydroxylase gene exclusively). Changes in cardiac steroid levels during treatment were not directly related to their plasma levels suggesting independent regulating mechanisms. This study, therefore, provides the first evidence for the existence of an endocrine cardiac steroidogenic system in rat heart and emphasizes its potential physiological and pathological relevance.
Old and New Drug Targets in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Biochemical Changes to Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (2005)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and is a leading cause of blindness in western countries. DR has been considered a microvascular disease, and the blood-retinal barrier breakdown is a hallmark of this disease. The available treatments are scarce and not very effective. Despite the attempts to control blood glucose levels and blood pressure, many diabetic patients are affected by DR, which progresses to more severe forms of disease, where laser photocoagulation therapy is needed. DR has a huge psychological impact in patients and tremendous economic and social costs. Taking this into account, the scientific community is committed to find a treatment to DR. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DR will facilitate the development of strategies to prevent, or at least to delay the progression of the disease. The involvement of the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end products, protein kinase C and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DR is well-documented, and several clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of various drugs. More recent findings also demonstrate that DR has characteristics of chronic inflammatory disease and neurodegenerative disease, which increases the opportunity of intervention at the pharmacological level. This review presents past and recent evidences demonstrating the involvement of different molecules and processes in DR, and how different approaches and pharmacological tools have been used to prevent retinal cell dysfunction.
Improved Representation Learning for Question Answer Matching (2016)

Passage-level question answer matching is a challenging task since it requires effective representations that capture the complex semantic relations between questions and answers. In this work, we propose a series of deep learning models to address passage answer selection. To match passage answers to questions accommodating their complex semantic relations, unlike most previous work that utilizes a single deep learning structure, we develop hybrid models that process the text using both convolutional and recurrent neural networks, combining the merits on extracting linguistic information from both structures. Additionally, we also develop a simple but effective attention mechanism for the purpose of constructing better answer representations according to the input question, which is imperative for better modeling long answer sequences. The results on two public benchmark datasets, InsuranceQA and TREC-QA, show that our proposed models outperform a variety of strong baselines.
Factors governing the formation of lithiophorite at atmospheric pressure (2009)

Abstract Lithiophorite is a naturally occurring Mn oxide mineral commonly found in soils and sediments. The usual method of synthesizing lithiophorite is via a hydrothermal process in an autoclave at relatively high temperature and pressure. In the present study, an alternative, reflux method, at atmospheric pressure, for synthesis of lithiophorite was developed successfully. The influence of reaction duration, temperature, type of precursor birnessite (H-birnessite, Na-birnessite, aged Na-birnessite), and pH on the formation of lithiophorite were investigated by reflux treatment of lithium-aluminum hydroxide complex ion ( )-exchanged birnessite. The results show that the degree of conversion of lithiophorite decreases with decreasing reaction temperature. Lithiophorite can be obtained at pH values from 5.0 to 9.0, but a circumneutral pH is more favorable for formation at atmospheric pressure. Conversion of Na-birnessite (Bir-OH) to lithiophorite is more favored than aged Na-birnessite (Bir-OH-A). Lithiophorite was not obtained by refluxing the ion-exchanged H-birnessite (Bir-H) sample. The rate of conversion of lithiophorite increases with increasing reflux time. Lithiophorite synthesized by a reflux process has pseudo-hexagonal crystals of 0.1–0.5 µm with a chemical composition of Li 0.24 Al 0.46 MnO 2.67 (H 2 O) 1.25 . The results have important implications for the origin and underlying mechanism of lithiophorite formation in the environment.
The pathway regulating GADD153 induction in response to DNA damage is independent of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases. (1994)

Treatment of cells with agents that damage DNA leads to the induction of numerous genes. Recent studies aimed at understanding the events preceding the transcriptional activation of some of these DNA damage-inducible genes in mammalian cells have demonstrated that various extranuclear protein kinases are involved in the signaling cascades. The mammalian GADD153 gene, a member of the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein family of transcription factors, is highly induced by a variety of DNA-damaging agents as well as by certain growth arrest conditions and oxidative stresses. We have examined the effects of numerous protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors on the DNA damage-induced expression of GADD153, to identify the signal transduction components involved in its transcriptional regulation. In contrast to the transcriptional activation of c-jun and collagenase in response to DNA damage, GADD153 induction involves neither protein kinase C nor tyrosine kinases but does appear to require an unidentified serine-threonine-kinase. Elevation of intracellular glutathione levels by treatment with N-acetylcysteine did not affect the methyl methanesulfonate-induced expression of the GADD153 gene, although it did diminish cadmium chloride-induced expression. These findings suggest that oxidative stress and DNA damage regulate GADD153 transcription through different pathways. Based on our findings and those of others with respect to other DNA damage-inducible genes, we propose a model depicting the complex pathways which appear to be involved in the regulation of mammalian genes in response to genotoxic stress and in which the DNA damage-induced expression of GADD153 represents a unique pathway independent of either protein kinase C or tyrosine kinase.
Computer discrimination of ectocervical cells: assessment of the value of spectral information. (1981)

The recording of spectral images in two or three spectral bands brings a significant improvement in the rate of correct recognition of ectocervical cellular material. The results from discriminant analyses relying solely on spectral features and analyses where color features were excluded are compared against analyses where all features were made available.
Efficient and QoS Guaranteed Data Transport in Heterogeneous Wireless Mobile Networks (2006)

The objective of this research is to investigate and develop an efficient and seamless data transport protocol for a heterogeneous wireless mobile network.\nIn next-generation network, most of heterogeneous wireless mobile networks will be combined and complementarily constitute a hierarchical network. To integrate different networks, many challenging issues should be solved. In this thesis, an efficient and seamless data transport mechanisms are explored. \n\nWe investigate the problems that the current transport control protocol (TCP) will experience within the heterogeneous mobile network. In a heterogeneous network, a mobile host experiences drastic changes in network condition during a session. Traditional TCP struggles with abrupt network changes by intersystem handoff and cannot work efficiently in this environment. We propose a TCP scheme to be tailored to the heterogeneous mobile network to support seamless data transport. In the proposed scheme, a TCP is informed the impending handoff events and works differently based on a handoff type. Simulation results present the proposed algorithm improves throughput, stabilizes data transmission rapidly, and provides a seamless data transfer.\n\nWe also propose an adaptive resource management scheme within a 3G cellular network based on a users priority level to reduce the call dropping and blocking rates. In a heterogeneous network, a network that provides smaller bandwidth may struggle with handed-off calls being served with a higher bandwidth. Therefore, a resource management algorithm should be defined so that an ongoing call is not dropped by a handoff and provides seamless data transfer. We propose an adaptive resource management scheme based on downgrading the quality of some existing services in a 3G cellular network. We analyze the system capacity, call blocking rate and call dropping rate of the proposed algorithm, and simulate the performance variation of the downgraded traffic. The results show that the proposed scheme increases system capacity, and decreases the call dropping rate at the cost of small delay of the downgraded data traffic.
Potent Inhibition of Replication of Primary HIV Type 1 Isolates in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Negatively Charged Human Serum Albumins (1997)

We previously reported the antiviral capacity of human serum albumin (HSA), which was modified by the introduction of a single (Suc-HSA) or two carboxylic groups (Aco-HSA) per lysine residue, yielding strongly negatively charged polypeptides. Here we report the antiviral effect of these modified HSAs on replication of primary HIV-1 isolates that differed with respect to syncytium-inducing (SI) capacity and cell tropism. Both Suc-HSA and Aco-HSA potently inhibited replication of primary HIV-1 variants, independent of the SI capacity of the HIV-1 variant, with IC50 values in the range of 50 to 187 microg/ml. The inhibition of the formation of syncytia and the absence of proviral DNA products in cells inoculated with HIV-1 in the presence of Suc-HSA or Aco-HSA pointed to interference at an early level in the virus replication cycle. The inhibitory capacity of Suc-HSA and Aco-HSA on primary HIV-1 variants suggests that these agents are potential candidates for use in antiviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals.
Structural Color Patterns on Paper Fabricated by Inkjet Printer and Their Application in Anticounterfeiting (2017)

Inkjet-printed structural color patterns have attracted great attention in recent years because of their broadly promising applications. However, the patterns are usually fabricated on pretreated plastic substrates. Herein a convenient inkjet printing method was developed to fabricate large-scale computer-designed structural color patterns on photo paper without any treatment using inks containing monodisperse CdS spheres. By this strategy, not only were the single-color and multicolor structural color patterns on paper successfully obtained, but also invisible photonic anticounterfeiting was achieved without any external stimuli. The key point of this anticounterfeiting technique is printing patterns and the background with inks containing uniformed CdS spheres with different diameters but similar intrinsic colors, so that the invisible patterns can be observed clearly by simply changing the viewing angle. The invisible and visible can be realized without the change of intrinsic structure, and the patterns are all solids. The patterns will have long lifetime and good durability, which is beneficial for their practical usage.
ReHLS: Resource-Aware Program Transformation Workflow for High-Level Synthesis (2017)

Despite considerable improvements in existing HLS tools, they still require designer interventions to provide efficient synthesis results. This manual design space exploration and code rewriting and optimization takes significant time and negates the HLS design productivity gains. To overcome this challenge, this paper uses compiler frontend as an independent preprocessing step to explore the design space and adds an automated sourceto- source transformation step before HLS. In particular, it shows how inherent regularity in applications can be used to construct a workflow that analyzes the program, explores the design space for resource optimization opportunity, and transforms the program accordingly. When the transformed program is synthesized using the HLS tool, it uses less hardware resources with similar latency comparing to the original design. The synthesis results on a modern Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA for a diverse set of applications show that our automated transformation can reduce the design area by an average of 15.4% with less than 1% performance overhead compared to the state-of-the-art Xilinx HLS tool solutions. This automated tool reduces the design time and especially can be useful for non-expert FPGA designers.
Immunochemical study on mannans of genus Candida. I. Structural investigation of antigenic factors 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 13b and 34. (1997)

Since the late 1960s, we have been conducting a series of immunochemical studies on the mannans of the genus Candida with emphasis on the structural determination of antigenic factors composing of the antigenic formula of medically relevant Candida species proposed by Tsuchiya and his colleagues. This review is a chronological account of the structural studies on 10 antigenic factors conducted by two groups of workers: Fukazawa, the senior student of Tsuchiya, and Suzuki.
Automatic coronary artery tree labeling in coronary computed tomographic angiography datasets (2011)

In this paper, an automatic coronary tree labeling algorithm is developed for labeling the extracted branches with their anatomical names for CCTA datasets. A two-step matching algorithm is implemented by means of a statistical coronary tree model. The main branches are first identified in a registration step. Then all the segments including proximal, middle and distal parts of the main branches and all side-branches in the coronary tree are labeled. Additional clinical criteria are used to generate the final result. Fifty-eight CCTA datasets with right-dominant coronary trees were used for the evaluation. Compared with manually corrected results by an expert, 37 labels (4.76%) in the automatic results were needed to be changed or removed. For the remaining 741 labels obtained by the automatic method, the average overlap measurement between the expert reference and automatic results was 91.41%.
Laser-frequency mixing using the scanning tunneling microscope (1988)

Frequency mixing of infrared laser radiation in the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was investigated. The dependence of the mixing signal on the tunneling current, the bias voltage, the power and polarization of the laser radiation, and on the difference frequency was studied using a W–Au STM junction. From the frequency dependence of the signals observed up to 90 MHz, the difference frequency generation is attributed to a thermal process. In addition, the generation of harmonics of the beat signal and mixing with a radio frequency signal is reported. The mixing experiments demonstrate a considerable extension of the frequency range accessible with the STM.
Breast Reduction Utilizing the Maximally Vascularized Central Breast Pedicle (1985)

Experience using a maximally vascularized central breast pedicle to nourish the nipple-areola is presented. The pedicle is designed to incorporate vascular contributions from the lateral thoracic artery, intercostal perforators, internal mammary perforators, and thoracoacromial artery by means of the pectoralis major muscle. The basic technique is as follows: First, the areola is incised and 2-cm-thick skin and subcutaneous flaps are dissected medially, laterally, and superiorly, freeing the entire central breast mound. Second, the breast is reduced in a "Christmas tree" manner, being careful not to narrow the base of the pedicle. Third, excess skin and subcutaneous tissue is excised inferomedially and laterally and the nipple is inset into proper locations. The advantages of this technique are (1) large and small reductions can be done, (2) pedicle length does not appear to be a problem, and (3) the central mound gives the forward projection needed for good contour and good aesthetic results. Sixty-five patients with follow-up to 4 years are presented.
Marking of Document Images with Code Words to Deter Illicit Dissemination (1994)

No abstract available.
Valoració de les pràxies bucofacials i la percepció auditiva en infants d'educació infantil i primària (2008)

El material interactivo Valoracio de les Praxies Bucofacials i la Percepcio Auditiva en Infants d’Educacio Infantil i Primaria, coordinado por la profesora Ma Carmen Busto, continua y completa el material que ya presentamos en el volumen 1 de la Biblioteca Phonica, Avaluacio del desenvolupament fonologic en nens catalanoparlants de 3, 4 i 5 anys d’edat. Ambos trabajos fueron realizados con la ayuda de sendos proyectos de innovacion docente (Millora a la Innovacio Docent) de la Universitat de Barcelona. Junto con el articulo Valoracion del habla en ninos de educacion infantil y primaria, que presentamos tambien en este numero 4 de la revista Phonica, estos materiales estan dirigidos al conjunto de educadores y terapeutas del habla de nuestra comunidad educativa y estan llamados a ser una referencia clave en la valoracion del desarrollo fonologico en las primeras edades.
Structures of Homoleptic Benzyl Derviatives of Zirconium (1998)

Crystals of Zr( p -CH 2 C 6 H 4 CMe 3 ) 4 , tetra(4- tert -butylbenzyl)zirconium (1), have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the tetragonal system, space group I 4¯, with a = 16.481 (2), c = 7.131 (4) Å, so that chemically equivalent ligands are also structurally equivalent, unlike other known homoleptic M (CH 2 C 6 H 5 ) 4 compounds. Zr—CH 2 —C ipso bond angles of 90.0 (2)° suggest that ligands are η 2 -bonded. The structure is discussed along with that of Zr(CH 2 C 6 H 5 ) 4 , tetrabenzylzirconium (2) (redetermined), which is crystallographically unsymmetrical but also of approximate S 4 symmetry. The distortion of (2) from tetragonal symmetry (the four Zr—CH 2 —C ipso bond angles being rather different) is discussed along with crystal packing.
A Customizable Behavior Model for Temporal Prediction of Web User Sequences (2010)

Abstract. One of the important Internet challenges in coming years will be the introduction of intelligent services and the creation of a more personalized environment for users. A key prerequisite for such services is the modeling of user behavior and a natural starting place for this are Web logs. In this paper we propose a model for predicting sequences of user accesses which is distinguished by two elements: it is customizable and it reflects sequentiality. Customizable, in this context, means that the proposed model can be adapted to the characteristics of the server to more accurately capture its behavior. The concept of sequentiality in our model consists of three elements: (1) preservation of the sequence of the click stream in the antecedent, (2) preservation of the sequence of the click stream in the consequent and (3) a measure of the gap between the antecedent and the consequent in terms of the number of user clicks. 1
Fungal contamination of bedding (2005)

We have examined pillows for fungal contamination, and show that the typical used pillow contains a substantial load of many species of fungi, particularly A. fumigatus. Given the time spent sleeping, and the proximity of the pillow to the airway, synthetic and feather pillows could be the primary source of fungi and fungal products. This has important implications for patients with respiratory disease, and especially asthma and sinusitis.