gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of Minimally Processed Apple Slices from Selected Cultivars (1993)

ABSTRACT Twelve cultivars were prepared as slices and stored 12 days at 2°C. Changes in respiration and quality factors were compared. Initial respiration rates among cultivars varied from 3.5 mL CO 2 /kg/hr in Delicious to 7.6 mL CO 2 /kg/hr in Monroe and decreased rapidly during the first 3 days. Idared, McIntosh, Delicious, and Rome showed relatively low respiration throughout storage. Firmness of slices during storage decreased gradually for 7 days and more rapidly thereafter. Empire, Golden Delicious, and Idared apples showed minimum changes in firmness. Change in color of slices was rapid during the first 3 days. Cortland. Emuire. Golden Delicious. New York 674. and Delicious showed least browning. Titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and weight changes during storage were small and varied by cultivar. NY674, Cortland, Golden Delicious, Empire, and Delicious showed more desirable attributes for minimal processing.
Discovery of 2‐(2‐Benzoxazoyl amino)‐4‐Aryl‐5‐Cyanopyrimidine as Negative Allosteric Modulators (NAMs) of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGlu<sub>5</sub>): From an Artificial Neural Network Virtual Screen to an In Vivo Tool Compound (2012)

From ANNs to NAMs! Data from an experimental metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) high-throughput screen (HTS) were employed to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on 345 confirmed negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) and 155 774 inactive compounds. This effort identified two potent mGlu5 NAMs with a unique chemotype. Optimization afforded a tool compound (shown), active in mouse models of anxiety and addiction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mechanical and Biological Behaviour of PCL and PCL/PLA Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications (2013)

A new biomanufacturing system allowing to produce three-dimensional matrices (scaffolds) with well defined internal geometries, uniform pore distribution and good adhesion among different adjacent layers. Polymers selected are Poly e-caprolactone (PCL) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), both these polymers are used in medical applications. These two polymers are interesting biomaterials because they are complementary on their physical properties and biodegradability. This work aims to assess the temperature evaluation during the extrusion process and the influences of the temperatures on the PCL and PCL/PLA scaffolds with lay down pattern 90° and pore size 350µm. The results demonstrated that extrusion process not modified the thermal properties of the scaffolds and these structures are able to sustain MG-63cells.
Program transformation techniques applied to languages used in high performance computing (2013)

Meta-programming has shown much promise for improving the quality of software. A system that supports meta-programming is able to generate or manipulate other programs to extend their behaviour. Thus far, the power of meta-programming has not been explored deeply in the area of High Performance Computing (HPC). We propose to bring the power of meta-programming to languages that may be used in HPC to help to solve various problems in HPC software related to efficiency, scalability, and adaptation. In our initial efforts we have implemented a meta-programming framework called OpenFortran to build arbitrary source-to-source program transformation libraries for Fortran programs. The design focus of OpenFortran is to enable program transformation in a manner that is transparent to application programmers. Similarly, we have also built a framework for C called OpenC. In this doctoral symposium summary, we present the idea of building a generalized meta-programming framework suitable for extending an arbitrary programming language, which would allow source-to-source program trans-formation. We also describe the possibility of solving problems emerging in HPC software via program trans-formation.
Antibodies to type IV collagen in rheumatic diseases. (1986)

Rheumatic disease sera were examined by a sensitive and specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to native and to denatured type IV collagen from basement membranes of bovine anterior lens capsules or human placenta. The frequency of antitype IV collagen antibodies depended on the antigen and the disease studied. No controls had human type IV collagen antibodies and only 5.6% had antibody to bovine type IV collagen. Antibody to one or more of our 4 antigens was seen in 20% of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 35% of patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), 40% of those with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), 52% of adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 56% of patients with scleroderma and 60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antibodies to native human type IV collagen were rare (0-10%) except in SLE (45%). Antibodies to denatured human type IV collagen were commoner in RA, scleroderma and SLE. Antibodies to native bovine type IV collagen occurred in 8-20% of patient sera, and to denatured antigen in 25-26% of scleroderma, MCTD and DM patients. Antibovine type IV collagen activity measured by ELISA could be absorbed from positive sera by preincubation of the sera with bovine type IV collagen but not bovine type I collagen or native human placental type IV collagen, indicating that the antibodies were specific for bovine type IV collagen.
Research and development of designing HARQ in LTE system (2012)

Because reliability of data transmission is crucial and there are noises or interference in Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, the process of HARQ are becoming complicated and important. In this paper, firstly we study and introduce HARQ. Then the central work is research of HARQ which the protocol didn't refer to and need giving attention to; through analyzing details of the questions, proposed a development of HARQ in SPS and cooperation between HARQ and ARQ. Finally, we proved feasibility of the way and it enhances security of transmission with theoretic analysis.
Control of Higher Order Leaky Modes in Deep-Ridge Waveguides and Application to Low-Crosstalk Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (2004)

In a lightwave circuit using a strongly confined waveguide, higher order leaky modes must be suppressed to obtain ideal characteristics, especially in arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). Propagation loss for higher order leaky modes in InP-based deep-ridge waveguides was investigated by simulation and experiment. A highly sensitive loss measurement method based on optical low-coherence reflectometry was used to determine the loss, and the relationship between the loss for the higher order mode and AWG crosstalk was investigated. Optimizing the deep-ridge waveguide parameters, especially the core thickness, the refractive index of the core, and the etch depth under the core, significantly reduced the propagation loss for the higher order leaky mode. The effective elimination of the higher order modes will enable fabrication of low-crosstalk AWG routers.
Determination of the number of sinusoidal signals in AR spectral estimation (1992)

Abstract In carrying out the AR spectral estimation of observed signals consisting of the sum of sinusoidal signal and white noise, since at low SNR many more false peaks occur than the number of sinusoids, a method which uses the eigenvalue decomposition of the correlation matrix to adopt only as many eigenvalues as the number of sinusoids, discarding the rest, is very effective. However, if the number of signals is unknown, how the discarding of eigenvalues should be determined becomes an important problem. In this paper, to select an appropriate number of eigenvalues of the correlation matrix of the observed data, a multiple number of adjustable parameters is introduced to square the prediction error and, by determining them optimally, determine the number of eigenvalues. Two new methods are proposed. The first method decides the truncation number of eigenvalues so that the Bayes information criterion with a priori distribution is minimized. The decision criterion is derived and its properties are investigated. The second method determines the number of sinusoids by computing adjustable parameters so that the AR spectrum of a given rank is the closest to the true AR model representing the sinusoidal signal model approximately, that is, the MSE criterion is minimum. Finally, the effectiveness of the authors' methods are investigated through numerical examples.
Bioanalysis of the novel peptide anticancer drug kahalalide F in human plasma by h.p.l.c. under basic conditions coupled with positive turbo‐ionspray tandem mass spectrometry (2002)

Kahalalide F (KF) is a cyclic depsipeptide derived from the marine mollusc Elysia rufescens . Anti‐cancer activity of KF was observed both in vitro and in vivo especially against prostate cancer cell lines [ 1 ]. In order to support the Phase I study a method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of KF in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) coupled with positive turbo‐ionspray tandem mass spectrometry ((h.p.l.c.)‐TISP‐MS/MS). Miniaturized LC combined with mass spectrometric detection was essential to obtain the required selectivity and sensitivity. The use of trifluoroacetic acid, conventionally used in the mobile phase in the LC analysis of peptides, was omitted due to its signal suppressing effects on electrospray ionization. An alternative approach was followed employing a basic mobile phase using a stationary phase that is stable under basic conditions. KF remained positively charged under these conditions while the mobile phase background remained low. The method involves a solid phase extraction (SPE) on C18 columns as sample pre‐treatment followed by LC‐MS/MS analysis. The LC separation was performed on a Zorbax Extend C18 column (150×2.1 mm i.d., particle size 5 µm) with acetonitrile‐10 m m ammonium acetate in water (85 : 15, v/v) as the mobile phase, pumped at a flow‐rate of 0.20 ml min −1 . A butyric acid analogue of KF was used as the internal standard. A lower limit of quantitation (LLQ) of 1 ng ml −1 was obtained using a 500 µl sample volume with a linear dynamic range up to 1000 ng ml −1 . Accuracies were within 15.1% for the LLQ and within 9.0% for other quality control samples. Precisions did not exceed 9.9%. The drug was found to be stable in the biomatrix for at least 9 months at −20° C and for at least 24 h at ambient temperatures. The results demonstrate that an accurate, selective and sensitive bioanalytical method has been developed for KF analysis in human plasma. The method was successfully applied in a Phase I clinical study of KF. At the starting dose of 20 µg m −2 a C max of 1.75 ng ml −1 was obtained.
Influence of Heat Pretreatments of Oat Grain on the Viscosity of Flour Slurries (1997)

Heat treatment of oat grain had significant effects on the viscosity of flour slurries. Steamed oats produced highly viscous flour slurries, whose viscosity increased with time, whereas the viscosity of flour slurries produced from raw or roasted (104°C for 120 min) oats was much lower and degraded rapidly. Slurry viscosity was correlated with (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucan concentration in the flours and treatment of slurries with lichinase lowered viscosity significantly. Effects of steaming were partially reversed by roasting treatment and vice versa. Mixtures of equal amounts of raw and steamed flour resulted in slurries more viscous than either flour alone, but that viscosity degraded after 3 h to less than the mean viscosity of the steamed and raw controls. Water-soluble extracts from steamed flour had about twice the viscosity of raw or roasted flour extracts, but contained only 80% of the (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucan present in those extracts. Molecular weight analysis of soluble carbohydrates from raw, roasted and steamed soluble extracts indicated the molecular weight of β-glucans in these extracts was similar. However, if extracts were made from slurries that had incubated for 3 h, extensive degradation of β-glucans was evident in raw and roasted samples. It is likely that enzymic degradation of (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucans is responsible for much of the decreased raw and roasted flour slurry viscosity over extended time periods, but different heat treatments appear to also affect (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucan polymer interaction. © 1997 SCI.
Specific Magnetic Bead–Based Capture of Genomic DNA from Clinical Samples: Application to the Detection of Group B Streptococci in Vaginal/Anal Swabs (2007)

Oligonucleotide-functionalized superparamagnetic microbeads efficiently capture GBS gDNA from both bacterial cultures and vaginal/anal samples with added GBS. Efficiency of gDNA capture increases with oligonucleotide length. This technology could be combined with sample preparation and detection technologies in a microfluidic system to allow point-of-care testing for GBS.
Processor reconfiguration through instruction-set metamorphosis (1993)

The processor reconfiguration through instruction-set metamorphosis (PRISM) general-purpose architecture, which speeds up computationally intensive tasks by augmenting the core processor's functionality with new operations, is described. The PRISM approach adapts the configuration and fundamental operations of a core processing system to the computationally intensive portions of a targeted application. PRISM-1, an initial prototype system, is described, and experimental results that demonstrate the benefits of the PRISM concept are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protein‐Engineered Injectable Hydrogel to Improve Retention of Transplanted Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells (2012)

Improved retention of transplanted stem cells is achieved through minimally invasive delivery in MITCH, a mixing-induced two-component hydrogel that was engineered to possess shear-thinning and self-healing thixotropic properties. MITCH, an ideal injectable cell-delivery vehicle, supports 3D stem-cell culture, resulting in high cell viability and physiologically relevant cell morphology.
A New User Authentication Protocol for Mobile Terminals in Wireless Network (2006)

For constructing a ubiquitous network, the highspeed wireless LAN (WLAN) attracts attention as an infrastructure for global access. However, some issues are impeding further adoption of the technology, in particular, security problems including user authentication, message compromising, password theft, connection hijacking, etc. In this paper, we discuss a fast authentication method of mobile ubiquitous terminals in WLAN. To achieve an efficient access control between Access Points (APs) and mobile terminals and sharing of a session key between terminals, we propose a new user secure authentication method and a session key distribution protocol based on service ticket issuing system.
Zinc suppresses the iron-accumulation phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the yeast frataxin homologue (Yfh1) (2003)

Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell transcriptome revealed that iron deprivation/supplementation affects genes other than those of the iron regulon (controlled by Aft proteins). Several genes regulated by zinc (induced by zinc deprivation) were induced by iron. Cells lacking the yeast frataxin homologue Yfh1 accumulate large amounts of iron in their mitochondria. We have shown that the zinc metabolism of these cells is also impaired: zinc uptake and zinc accumulation were both much lower in Delta yfh1 cells than in wild-type cells. Excess zinc in the growth medium also influenced the phenotypes of Delta yfh1 cells. It prevented the accumulation of iron in the mitochondria of Delta yfh1 cells and increased the growth rate of these cells and their resistance to oxidative stress. However, zinc did not restore the deficiency of Fe-S and haem proteins of Delta yfh1 cells. Zinc inhibited mitochondrial respiration and protected Yah1p, the mitochondrial ferredoxin. These results suggest that zinc nutrition may be important in the aetiology of Friedreich's ataxia.
Improved critical current densities in B<sub>4</sub>C doped MgB<sub>2</sub>based wires (2006)

An improvement of the transport critical current density, Jc, of MgB2 wires was obtained after addition of 10 wt.% B4C powders, after reaction at 800 C: Jc values of 1.10^4 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 9T were obtained for wires of 1.11 mm diameter in a Fe matrix. The starting mixture of Mg and B was doped with sub-micrometric B4C, the ratio being Mg : B : B4C = 1: 2 : 0.08, corresponding to 10 wt.% B4C. For T > 800 C, a decrease of Jc was found, due to the reaction with the Fe sheath. In order to investigate the origin of the improvement of the transport properties for heat treatments up to 800 C, X-ray diffraction measurements were performed. A decrease of the lattice constant a from 0.30854 nm to 0.30797 nm was found, thus suggesting an effect of the substitution of Carbon on the properties of the wires. A comparison with the literature data shows that the addition of B4C powders leads to the second highest improvement of Jc reported so far after SiC, thus constituting an alternative for future applications.
Classification of medical data with a robust multi-level combination scheme (2005)

Computer aided diagnosis is based on classification of medical data by intelligent classifiers. Especially for medical purposes, the classification must be very efficient, as diagnosis demands a high rate of reliability. Under most circumstances, single classifiers, such as neural networks, support vector machines and decision trees, exhibit worse performance than ensemble combinations of them such as bagging and boosting. In order to further enhance performance, we propose here a combination of these combination methods in a multi-level combination scheme. After experimentation by using four medical diagnosis problems, the proposed approach seems to be efficient in decreasing the error, compared to the best combining method standalone.
A Variable Speed Induction Motor Using Thyristors in the Secondary Circuit (1971)

This paper describes a closed-loop control system for an ordinary wound-rotor induction motor, which makes use of thyristors on the secondary side as phase-controlled ac switches operating at slip-frequency. It is shown that such phase-controlled thyristors allow the torque of the machine to be varied from zero to values bounded by the normal torque/speed characteristic of the basic motor, and when overall speed control is applied the motor can be given shunt-type torque/speed characteristics.
Cost Estimates of Liquid-Scrubbing Processes for Removing of Sulfur Dioxide from Flue Gases (1957)

(1957). Cost Estimates of Liquid-Scrubbing Processes for Removing of Sulfur Dioxide from Flue Gases. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 109-115.
Antiinflammatory Therapy in Clinical Care: The CANTOS Trial and Beyond (2018)

Inflammation is a critical pathway in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation, are associated with cardiovascular disease independent of traditional risk factors. Randomized trial data have also shown that statins reduce not only hsCRP but also cardiovascular event rates independent of their effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. More recently, the CANTOS trial showed that directly reducing inflammation with canakinumab, an interleukin (IL)-1β neutralizing monoclonal antibody, could also reduce cardiovascular event rates. These mark the first phase 3 trial results validating inflammation as a viable target for preventing cardiovascular disease. In this review, we recap the role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease and highlight previous trial data showing its modulation with statins and other agents. We also detail the CANTOS trial results and discuss its implications for clinicians as well as future directions for anti-inflammatory therapy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Design of a diamond-crystal monochromator for the LCLS hard x-ray self-seeding project (2013)

As the result of collaborations between the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, and the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, we have designed and constructed a diamond crystal monochromator for the LCLS hard x-ray self-seeding project. The novel monochromator is ultrahigh-vacuum compatible to meet the LCLS linear accelerator vacuum environmental requirement. A special graphite holder was designed for strain-free mount of the 110-μm thin synthetic diamond crystal plate provided by Technological Institute for Super-hard and Novel Carbon Materials of Russia (TISNCM). An in-vacuum multi-axis precision positioning mechanism is designed to manipulate the thin-film diamond holder with resolutions and stabilities required by the hard x-ray self-seeding physics. Optical encoders, limit switches, and hardware stops are established in the mechanism to ensure system reliability and to meet the accelerator personal and equipment safety interlock requirements. Molybdenum shields are installed in the monochromator to protect the encoders and associated electronics from radiation damage. Mechanical specifications, designs, and preliminary test results of the diamond monochromator are presented in this paper.
HIV — Steckbrief eines Erregers (1987)

Vom humanen Immunschwächevirus sind derzeit zwei Varianten — HIV-1 und HIV-2 — bekannt, die in einem hohen Prozentsatz der infizierten Patienten zu AIDS führen. Beide Retroviren unterscheiden sich in den Proteinen, die die Hülle aufbauen, nicht jedoch in ihrem Infektionsmodus. Die Pathogenität von HIV-2 scheint milder zu sein.
The Superstructures of Iron Selenide Fe<sub>7</sub>Se<sub>8</sub> (1961)

Iron vacancies in Fe 7 Se 8 are confined to the alternate iron layers parallel to the c plane of the fundamental lattice with the NiAs structure. The origin of the ferrimagnetisni of Fe 7 Se 8 ( T c =187°C) may be attributed to this ordered arrangement similarly to the case of Fe 7 Se 8 . There are two types of the superstructure: low- and high-temperature ones. The unit cell dimensions and the lattice symmetries of these structures are as follows:
Identification and Characterization of the Human Ortholog of Rat STXBP1, a Protein Implicated in Vesicle Trafficking and Neurotransmitter Release (1998)

In a screen designed to identify genes expressed preferentially in retina, we identified a cDNA encoding the human ortholog of rat STXBP1 (n-Sec1, Munc-18-1, rbSec1), a protein implicated in vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release. This protein also has similarity to Drosophila Rop (65% aa identity) and Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-18 (58% aa identity). The major human cDNA encodes a protein of 594 amino acids which has 100 % amino acid identity with its rat and murine counterparts. Additionally, there is an alternative splice form in humans, arising from the inclusion of an additional exon, which encodes a protein of 603 amino acids and is also 100% identical to the corresponding rat isoform. We found expression of the shorter cDNA in all tissues and cell lines we examined with highest levels in retina and cerebellum. By RT-PCR analysis, we found expression of the longer cDNA in neural tissues only. We mapped the structural gene to 9q34.1, a region without obvious candidate phenotypes. However, due to its evolutionary conservation and abundant expression in retina and brain, STXBP1 should be considered a candidate gene for retinal and/or neural disorders mapping to 9q34.1.