gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated-Electron Photodetachment Dissociation for the Structural Characterization of Protein Polyanions (2009)

Multiply deprotonated anions [M - nH](n-) of large peptide mellitin, ubiquitin, and beta-casein proteins were subjected to laser irradiation at 260 nm in a quadrupole ion trap. For all compounds, the predominant event consecutive to laser irradiation was the detachment of an electron. The subsequent isolation and collisional activation of the oxidized [M - nH]((n-1)-*) resulted in extensive fragmentation of the peptide backbone. For mellitin peptide, nearly a complete series of c(*), z, and a(*), x product ions were observed. Applied to proteins, this technique, coined as activated-electron photodetachment dissociation (activated-EPD), achieved much more extensive sequence coverage than regular collision activated dissociation (CAD) on the even-electron components. Furthermore, the activated-EPD spectrum of beta-casein displayed phosphorylated fragment ions which suggest that the method is able to preserve part of the labile bonds of post-translational modifications. Activated-EPD is, therefore, a promising complementary technique to other dissociation techniques governed by radicals, i.e., electron capture dissociation (ECD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), for the structural characterization of large peptides and small proteins.
Molecular Recognition of Paired Receptors in the Immune System (2012)

Cell surface receptors are responsible for regulating cellular function on the front line, the cell membrane. Interestingly, accumulating evidence clearly reveals that the members of cell surface receptor families have very similar extracellular ligand-binding regions but opposite signaling systems, either inhibitory or stimulatory. These receptors are designated as paired receptors. Paired receptors often recognize not only physiological ligands but also non-self ligands, such as viral and bacterial products, to fight infections. In this review, we introduce several representative examples of paired receptors, focusing on two major structural superfamilies, the immunoglobulin-like and the C-type lectin-like receptors, and explain how these receptors distinguish self and non-self ligands to maintain homeostasis in the immune system. We further discuss the evolutionary aspects of these receptors as well as the potential drug targets for regulating diseases.
A physical and scalable I-V model in BSIM3v3 for analog/digital circuit simulation (1997)

A new physical and continuous BSIM (Berkeley Short-Channel IGFET Model) I-V model in BSIM3v3 is presented for circuit simulation. Including the major physical effects in state-of-the art MOS devices, the model describes current characteristics from subthreshold to strong inversion as well as from the linear to the saturation operating regions with a single I-V expression, and guarantees the continuities of I/sub ds/, conductances and their derivatives throughout all V/sub gs/, V/sub ds/, and T/sub bs/, bias conditions. Compared with the previous BSIM models, the improved model continuity enhances the convergence property of the circuit simulators. Furthermore, the model accuracy has also been enhanced by including the dependencies of geometry and bias of parasitic series resistances, narrow width, bulk charge, and DIBL effects. The new model has the extensive built-in dependencies of important dimensional and processing parameters (e.g., channel length, width, gate oxide thickness, junction depth, substrate doping concentration, etc.). It allows users to accurately describe the MOSFET characteristics over a wide range of channel lengths and widths for various technologies, and is attractive for statistical modeling. The model has been implemented in the circuit simulators such as Spectre, Hspice, SmartSpice, Spice3e2, and so on.
Utilization of d-ribose through d-xylose transporter (1998)

An Escherichia coli mutant defective in high-affinity D-ribose transport is able to utilize the sugar as a sole carbon source, suggesting that other transport systems for D-ribose exist. In order to search for such transporters, transposon mutagenesis was carried out in an rbsB-negative strain containing ribokinase (rbsK) for sugar phosphorylation. Insertions showing an enhanced ribose growth were isolated and mapped in xylA and its promoter region. The mutations increased not only the ribose uptake but also the expression of xylFGH encoding an ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type transporter for D-xylose. Secondary mutations abolishing the ribose-utilizing phenotype were obtained both in the xylFG genes coding for the xylose high-affinity transporter and in xylR that is required for the xyl gene expression. Ribose uptake was also reduced by the secondary mutations. An overexpression of xylFGH under Ptrc promoter supported enhanced growth on ribose. These results indicate that D-ribose can be transported through the XylFGH transporter.
24% efficient silicon solar cells (2002)

This paper reports significant progress in silicon solar cell performance, taking confirmed efficiency beyond 24% for the first time. This progress has been achieved by a combination of several mechanisms. One is the reduction of recombination at the cell front surface by improved passivation of the silicon/silicon dioxide interface. Resistive losses in the cell have been reduced by a double-plating process which increases the thickness for the coarse cell metallization features. Finally, reflective losses have been reduced by the application of a double layer anti-reflection (DLAR) coating. Another advantage of DLAR coating is that it will give further 3% higher current density than the SiO/sub 2/ single layer antireflection (SLAR) coated cells when encapsulated into modules. The cells display a monochromatic light energy conversion efficiency of 46.3% for 1.04 /spl mu/m wavelength light, also the highest ever for a silicon device.
Cooperative fault detection and isolation in a surveillance sensor network: a case study (2018)

This work focuses on Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) among sensors of a surveillance network. A review of the main characteristics of faults in sensor networks and the associated diagnosis techniques is first proposed. An extensive study has then been performed on the case study of the persistent monitoring of an area by a sensor network which provides binary measurements of the occurrence of events to be detected (intrusions). The performance of a reference FDI method with and without simultaneous intrusions has been quantified through Monte Carlo simulations. The combination of static and mobile sensors has also been considered and shows a significant performance improvement for the detection of faults and intrusions in this context.
Abiogenic synthesis on Mars. (1965)

Atmospheres capable of producing organic compounds under primitive conditions are discussed in the light of recent experimental evidence. The atmosphere of Mars is discussed, in particular, the observations of Sinton of reflection spectra with features at 3.45, 3.58, and 3.69, which are attributes to C-H bands and the presence of organic molecules. Colthup interprets these features as being representative of organic aldehydes and suggests specifically, acetaldehyde. Many works have considered these observations as being indicative of life on Mars. Rea has offered alternative hypotheses. This paper presents experimental evidence of yet another possible explanation; that organic compounds are being produced in the Martian atmosphere, and may be responsible for Sinton's observations. The influence of such syntheses on possible Martian organisms is discussed. Various possible Martian atmospheres have been irradiated with ultraviolet light as well as other possible energy sources and a variety of organic end products have been identified. Martian atmospheres plus acetaldehyde as a starting point have also been used and end products analyzed. Possible abiogenic pathways for Mars are discussed.
Introduction to discrete mathematics (1988)

Algorithms and data structures. Combinatorics. Logic and circuits. Graphs. Graph algorithms. Relations and systems. Answers to odd-numbered exercises.
Ablation of PMMA, PTFE, and Si by soft x-rays emitted from hot dense plasma (2002)

The efficiency and threshold of ablation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and monocrystalline silicon by single pulses of soft x-rays emitted from Z-pinch, plasma-focus, and laser-produced plasmas were investigated. The Z-pinch was driven by the S-300 pulsed-power machine (Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) and the plasma focus was realized in the PF-1000 machine (Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw). Higher temperature plasma than with the discharge plasmas was obtained by focusing the near-infrared beam from the PALS high-power iodine laser system (Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague) on the surface of a metallic slab target. The role of nonthermal processes in x-ray ablation was evaluated. Possible ways to use x-ray ablation for micromachining are discussed.
Porous silicon integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide for biological and chemical sensing (2013)

Optical waveguides comprised of nanoporous materials are uniquely suited for on-chip sensing applications, because they allow for a target chemical or analyte to directly infiltrate the optical material that comprises the core of the waveguide. We describe here the fabrication and characterization of nanoporous waveguides, and demonstrate their usefulness in measuring small changes in refractive index when exposed to a test analyte. We use a process of electrochemical etching and laser oxidation to produce channel waveguides and integrated on-chip Mach-Zehnder structures, and we compare the responsivity and interferometric stability of the integrated sensor to that of a fiber-based interferometer. We quantify the detection capability by selectively applying isopropanol to a 200 μm length waveguide segment in one arm of the interferometer, which produces a phase shift of 9.7 π. The integrated interferometer is shown to provide a more stable response in comparison to a comparable fiber-based implementation.
Development of Electroactive and Elastic Nanofibers that contain Polyaniline and Poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐<i>co</i>‐<i>ε</i>‐caprolactone) for the Control of Cell Adhesion (2008)

In this work, electrically conductive polyaniline (PAni) doped with camphorsulfonic acid (CPSA) is blended with poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL), and then electrospun to prepare uniform nanofibers. The CPSA-PAni/PLCL nanofibers show a smooth fiber structure without coarse lumps or beads and consistent fiber diameters (which range from 100 to 700 nm) even with an increase in the amount of CPSA-PAni (from 0 to 30 wt.-%). However, the elongation at break decreases from 391.54 +/- 9.20% to 207.85 +/- 6.74% when 30% of CPSA-PAni is incorporated. Analysis of the surface of the nanofibers demonstrates the presence of homogeneously blended CPSA-PAni. Most importantly, a four-point probe analysis reveals that electrical properties are maintained in the nanofibers where the conductivity is significantly increased from 0.0015 to 0.0138 S x cm(-1) when the nanofibers are prepared with 30% CPSA-PAni. The cell adhesion tests using human dermal fibroblasts, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, and C2C12 myoblasts demonstrate significantly higher adhesion on the CPSA-PAni/PLCL nanofibers than pure PLCL nanofibers. In addition, the growth of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts is enhanced under the stimulation of various direct current flows. The CPSA-PAni/PLCL nanofibers with electrically conductive properties may potentially be used as a platform substrate to study the effect of electrical signals on cell activities and to direct desirable cell function for tissue engineering applications.
Automatic Potentiometric Titrations (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Potentiometric TitrationsJ. J. LinganeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1948, 20, 4, 285–292Publication Date (Print):April 17, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60016a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60016a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering the Microfabrication of Layer-by-Layer Thin Films (1998)

Layer-by-layer assembly is a simple, yet elegant method for creating a variety of thin-film architectures on surfaces. Many proposed applications for layer-by-layer thin films, such as electro-optical devices or sensors, require the films to be patterned to form micrometer-scale features, and mechanization of this process is a prerequisite. Here the use of a modified commercial slide stainer for the layer-by-layer adsorption process is discussed. Reproducible, uniform patterns over square-centimeter-range surface areas are achieved and the number of layers that may be selectively adsorbed is extended using this approach.
The Design of SMART: A Scheduler for Multimedia Applications (1996)

We have created SMART, a Scheduler for Multimedia And Real-Time applications. SMART supports both real-time and conventional computations and provides flexible and accurate control over the sharing of processor time. SMART is able to satisfy real-time constraints in an optimal manner and provide proportional sharing across all real-time and conventional tasks. Furthermore, when not all real-time constraints can be met, SMART satisfies each real-time task&apos;s proportional share of deadlines, and adjusts its execution rate dynamically. This technique is especially important for multimedia applications that can operate at different rates depending on the loading condition. This paper presents the design of SMART and provides measured performance results of its effectiveness based on a prototype implementation in the Solarisâoperating system. 1 Introduction Processor schedulers for multiprogrammed systems must multiplex shared resources in order to service the resource requests of concurre...
Analogue to information system based on PLL-based frequency synthesizers with fast locking schemes (2010)

Data conversion is the crucial interface between the real world and digital processing systems. Analogue-to-digital converters and digital-to-analogue converters are two key conversion devices and used as the interface. Up to now, the conventional ADCs based on Nyquist sampling theorem are facing a critical challenge: the resolution and the sampling rate must be radically increased when some applications such as radar detection and ultra-wideband communication emerge. The offset of comparators and the setup time of sample-and-hold circuits, however, limit the resulution and clock rate of ADCs. Alternatively, in some applications such as speech, temperature sensor, etc. signals remain possibly unchanged for prolonged periods with brief bursts of significant activity. If trational ADCs are employed in such circumstances a higher bandwidth is required for transmitting the converted samples. On the other hand, sampling signals with an extremely high clock rate are also required for converting the signals with the feature of sparsity in time domain. The level-crossing sampling scheme (LCSS) is one of the data conversions suitable for converting signals with the sparsity feature and brief bursts of signigicant activity. due to the traditional LCSS with a fixed clock rate being limited in applications a novel irregular data conversion scheme called analogue-to-information system (AIS) is proposed in this thesis. The AIS is typically based upon LCSS, but an adjustable clock generator and a real time data compression scheme are applied to it. As the system-level simulations results of AIS show it can be seen that a data transmission saving rate nearly 30% is achieved for different signals. PLLs with fast pull-in and locking schemes are very important when they are applied in TDMA systems and fequency hopping wireless systems. So a novel triple path nonlinear phase frequency detector (TPNPFD) is also proposed in this thesis. Compared to otherPFDs, the pll-in and locking time in TPNPFD is much shorter. A proper transmission data format can make the recreation of the skipped samples and the reconstruction of the original signal more efficient, i.e. they can be achieved in a minimum number of the received data without increasing much more hardware complexity. So the preliminary data format used for transmitting the converted data from AIS is also given in the final chapter of this thesis for future works.
Assessing Chronological Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most studied model organisms for the identification of genes and mechanisms that affect aging. The chronological lifespan (CLS) assay, which monitors the survival of a non-dividing population, is one of the two methods to study aging in yeast. To eliminate potential artifacts and identify genes and signaling pathways that may also affect aging in higher eukaryotes, it is important to determine CLS by multiple methods. Here, we describe these methods as well as the assays to study macromolecular damage during aging in yeast, with a focus on genomic instability.
Cross-protect: implicit service differentiation and admission control (2004)

In this paper we present Cross-protect, a combination of router mechanisms allowing quality of service differentiation while maintaining the simple user-network interface of the best effort Internet. By associating implicit flow level admission control and per-flow fair queuing in a router it is possible to distinguish streaming and elastic flows and meet their respective quality requirements without requiring specific packet marking. We describe the implied mechanisms and justify the claimed performance and scalability properties by means of simulation and analysis.
Complete purification and general characterization of FAD synthetase from rat liver. (1987)

Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase (ATP:FMN adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.2) was purified about 10,000-fold from the high-speed supernatant of rat liver by a sequence of ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex (A-50), chromatofocusing, FMN-agarose affinity, and Sephadex G-200. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 133 units (nanomoles of FAD formed per min at 37 degrees C)/mg of protein. This preparation was free from contaminating FAD pyrophosphatase. The apparent molecular weight was estimated to be 97,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an apparent subunit molecular weight of 53,000. Hence, the enzyme is a dimer of approximately 100,000. The enzyme was found most active at pH 7.1, requires Mg2+, and is essentially irreversible in the direction of FAD formation. Kinetic analysis gave Km values of 9.6 microM for FMN and 53 microM for ATP.
Cyclic Water Injection Improves Oil Production in Carbonate Reservoir (2008)

Abstract The cyclic injection process to improve water flooding in carbonate reservoir was evaluated in laboratory experiments, as well as analytical and numerical simulations. Laboratory cyclic injection experiments were performed on a carbonate rock sample with an artificial horizontal fissure. Live oil was established by in-situ recombination of dead oil with hydrocarbon gas at reservoir temperature and bubble point pressure. The experiments were designed by numerical simulation of the cyclic process. Analytical modelling was done to evaluate cyclic injection sensitivity to critical reservoir and process parameters. The cyclic water injection experiments above oil bubble point pressure increased oil recovery by additional 2.9% of Oil Originally In Place (OOIP) above ordinary water flood. This effect can be attributed to the hasten imbibition of water into the matrix during pressurisation half-cycles and capillary retained water in the fine pores in the matrix resulting in oil counter current flow from matrix to the fracture during de-pressurisation half-cycles. Cyclic injection below bubble point pressure, designed to ensure gas saturation not exceeding the critical level, yielded additional recovery of 5.9% of OOIP. This effect may be credited to the energy of released gas, expelling the matrix oil into the fracture. The experimental results indicate significant potential of cyclic injection to improve micro level displacement efficiency of waterflood in carbonate reservoirs. If cyclic water injection is applied at field scale, sweep efficiency improvement from flow pattern redistribution could make an additional contribution. This has been reported by several field cases in the US, China and Former Soviet Union (FSU).
Bayesian Image Super-resolution, Continued (2007)

This paper develops a multi-frame image super-resolution approach from a Bayesian view-point by marginalizing over the unknown registration parameters relating the set of input low-resolution views. In Tipping and Bishop's Bayesian image super-resolution approach [16], the marginalization was over the super-resolution image, necessitating the use of an unfavorable image prior. By integrating over the registration parameters rather than the high-resolution image, our method allows for more realistic prior distributions, and also reduces the dimension of the integral considerably, removing the main computational bottleneck of the other algorithm. In addition to the motion model used by Tipping and Bishop, illumination components are introduced into the generative model, allowing us to handle changes in lighting as well as motion. We show results on real and synthetic datasets to illustrate the efficacy of this approach.
Motorcycle inertial parameters identification via algorithmic computation of state and design sensitivities (2018)

Recent advanced riding assistance safety systems, such as electronic yaw stability control, adaptive cruise control, and lane-keeping systems, require good approximations of motorcycle inertial properties, such as yaw, roll and pitch moment of inertia, this parameter can vary significantly with the rider's weight and heavy baggage placed on the luggage rack. This paper presents further research on parametric identification of two wheeler vehicles, carried out using a recursive Levenberg-Marquardt parameter identification formulation. This approach needs the use of sensitivity functions to identify acceleration responses in time domain by updating coupled inertial parameters value. The identification algorithm is implemented in MATLAB / Simulink software. Data and prior value are taken from the professional motorcycle simulation software BikeSim (based on high fidelity virtual motorcycle models).