gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the architecture on ADC error modeling (1999)

The influence of the architecture on analog-to-digital converter modeling is investigated for the three most widespread architectures: integrating, successive approximations, and flash. The effects of main error sources are analyzed in terms of integral and differential nonlinearity with the aim of setting up a unified error model. Such a model is useful both to economically generate a look-up table for error correction and to quickly produce diagnosis models for fault detection and isolation. Numerical simulations aimed to show the model effectiveness and experimental tests carried out to validate the model are discussed.
The Art of Repair in Surgical Hair Restoration Part I (2002)

BACKGROUND An increasingly important part of many hair restoration practices is the correction of hair transplants that were performed using older, outdated methods, or the correction of hair transplants that have left disfiguring results. The skill and judgment involved in these repair procedures often exceed those needed to operate on patients who have had no prior surgery. The use of small grafts alone does not protect the patient from poor work. Errors in surgical and aesthetic judgment, performing procedures on noncandidate patients, and the failure to communicate successfully with patients about realistic expectations remain major problems. OBJECTIVE This two-part series presents new insights into repair strategies and expands upon several techniques previously described in the hair restoration literature. The focus is on creative aesthetic solutions to solve the supply/demand limitations inherent in most repairs. This article is written to serve as a guide for surgeons who perform repairs in their daily practices. METHODS The repairs are performed by excision with reimplantation and/or by camouflage. Follicular unit transplantation is used for the restorative aspects of the procedure. RESULTS Using punch or linear excision techniques allows the surgeon to relocate poorly planted grafts to areas that are more appropriate. In special situations, removal of grafts without reimplantation can be accomplished using lasers or electrolysis. The key elements of camouflage include creating a deep zone of follicular units, angling grafts in their natural direction, and using forward and side weighting of grafts to increase the appearance of fullness. The available donor supply is limited by hair density, scalp laxity, and scar placement. CONCLUSION Presented with significant cosmetic problems and severely limited donor reserves, the surgeon performing restorative hair transplantation work faces distinct challenges. Meticulous surgical techniques and optimal utilization of a limited hair supply will enable the surgeon to achieve the best possible cosmetic results for patients requiring repairs.
Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-Fitting in the Loop (2019)

Model-based human pose estimation is currently approached through two different paradigms. Optimization-based methods fit a parametric body model to 2D observations in an iterative manner, leading to accurate image-model alignments, but are often slow and sensitive to the initialization. In contrast, regression-based methods, that use a deep network to directly estimate the model parameters from pixels, tend to provide reasonable, but not pixel accurate, results while requiring huge amounts of supervision. In this work, instead of investigating which approach is better, our key insight is that the two paradigms can form a strong collaboration. A reasonable, directly regressed estimate from the network can initialize the iterative optimization making the fitting faster and more accurate. Similarly, a pixel accurate fit from iterative optimization can act as strong supervision for the network. This is the core of our proposed approach SPIN (SMPL oPtimization IN the loop). The deep network initializes an iterative optimization routine that fits the body model to 2D joints within the training loop, and the fitted estimate is subsequently used to supervise the network. Our approach is self-improving by nature, since better network estimates can lead the optimization to better solutions, while more accurate optimization fits provide better supervision for the network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in different settings, where 3D ground truth is scarce, or not available, and we consistently outperform the state-of-the-art model-based pose estimation approaches by significant margins. The project website with videos, results, and code can be found at https://seas.upenn.edu/~nkolot/projects/spin.
Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase – from biochemistry to role in cardiovascular disease (2009)

Recent research findings from animal and human studies have revealed a potential beneficial role of LCAT in reducing atherosclerosis but additional studies are necessary to better establish the linkage between LCAT and cardiovascular disease.
Reinduction of remission of chronic myeloid leukemia by donor leukocyte transfusion following relapse after bone marrow transplantation: recovery complicated by initial pancytopenia and late dermatomyositis. (1993)

A significant proportion of patients relapse after allogeneic BMT for CML. These relapses have been treated by induction of a graft-versus-leukemia effect by transfusing donor leukocytes. We have treated a 27-year-old woman with interferon and donor leukocyte transfusion and a complete haematological and cytogenetic remission was obtained coincident with the onset of GVHD. Her course was complicated by prolonged and profound pancytopenia which was fully reversed by the administration of rGM-CSF. She remains in CR with mild dermatomyositis due to chronic GVHD 17 months after the procedure.
Effects of weight lifting on bone mineral density in premenopausal women (1990)

A group of 68 premenopausal women participated in a controlled 12 month exercise program. Two groups were matched according to age, body size (body mass index), and typical activity level. Data collection included bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine with dual-photon absorptiometry and of the os calcis with single-photon absorptiometry, lean body mass, urinary calcium/creatinine, and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). Subjects were given a daily 500 mg supplement of elemental calcium. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of diet, in urinary calcium/creatinine or Gla, or in lean body mass. The weight lifting group had a nonsignificant increase in mean lumbar BMD of 0.81% and the control group exhibited a nonsignificant decrease of 0.5%. However, a paired t-test revealed a significant change in the means in either group or as matched pairs. The relatively small change seen as a result of this modified Nautilus exercise program may prevent moderate weight lifting from being a practical answer for osteoporosis, even in a highly motivated population.
A fast content-dependent interpolation approach via adaptive filtering (2008)

Improving the subjective quality and reducing the computational complexity of interpolation algorithms are important issues in video and network signal processing. To this end, we propose a fast adaptive image interpolation algorithm that classifies pixels and uses different linear interpolation kernels that are adaptive to the class of a pixel. Pixels are classified into regions relevant to the perception of an image, either in a texture region, an edge region, or a smooth region. Image interpolation is performed with Neville filters, which can be efficiently implemented by a lifting scheme. Since linear interpolation tends to over-smooth pixels in edge regions and texture regions, we apply the Laplacian operator to enhance the pixels in those regions. The results of simulations show that the proposed algorithm not only reduces the computational complexity of the process, but also improves the visual quality of the interpolated images.
Retinoid Receptors and Therapeutic Applications of RAR/RXR Modulators (2012)

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are ligand-controlled transcription factors that function as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) to regulate cell growth, differentiation, survival and death. Due to their regulatory potential, these nuclear receptors (NRs) are major drug targets for a variety of pathologies, including cancer and metabolic diseases. A large amount of RAR- and RXR-selective ligands, ranging from (partial) agonists to antagonists and inverse agonists, have been designed and the corresponding structural and functional analyses have provided deep insight into the molecular basis of ligand action. Ligands regulate, via allosteric conformational changes, the ability of these NRs to interact with different sets of coregulators, which in turn recruit enzymatically active complexes/machineries. Here, we describe strategies in the design of selective RXR and RAR modulators and review the structural mechanisms by which the diverse pharmacological classes of compounds modulate receptor functions. Finally, we discuss the perspectives for retinoid- and rexinoid-based therapies. Keywords: Retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors, agonists and antagonists action, ligand design, selective ligands, structure-function relationship, thee-dimensional structure, therapeutic potential, antagonists rexinoid apoptosis, retinoid- and rexinoid-based therapies
Application of the magnetic resonance sounding method to the investigation of aquifers in the presence of magnetic materials (2010)

Abstract It has been previously reported that the magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method does not produce reliable data in areas where magnetic rocks perturb the geomagnetic field. The applicability of the MRS can be extended by using the spin echo (SE) measuring technique instead of the commonly used measuring scheme based on recordings of the free induction decay (FID) signal. Modifications to the MRS method are presented for measuring and interpreting SE signals. Field results obtained in Cyprus (1999), Canada (2008), and India (2008) reveal that in test sites MRS measurements in the SE mode make it possible to apply the MRS method where the subsurface is composed of sand and gravel that contain magnetite or basalt and in aquifers composed of nonmagnetic sand overlying a magnetic basement. Con-sidering the widespread occurrence of magnetic rocks, this development increases the area where MRS can be applied. However, experience shows that it is more time consuming to measure the SE and more complicated to interpret the field data than it is to work with FID measurements. Numerical results show that the MRS method in the SE mode is less efficient than the FID technique because of the smaller amplitude and wider band of the SE signal. Due to instrumental limitations and unknown distribution of the magnetic fields within the investigated volume, accuracy of the presented MRS-SE approach is site dependent. In a general case, MRS-SE in its current implementation is not able to provide robust estimates of the initial amplitude, which renders MRS estimate of the water content qualitative. For accurate estimate of the water content, more sophisticated approaches need to be developed.
Apply two pass aggregation to real-time stereo matching (2010)

The stereo-matching algorithm based on adaptive-weight can produce disparity map of high precision. However it is not suitable for real-time application due to high computational complexity. Wang etc apply one pass aggregation to adaptive-weight algorithm and can achieve real-time performance but with a much lower precision. This paper presents a new real-time adaptive weight stereo matching algorithm based on two-pass aggregation: Matching costs are aggregated by row and array in order to reduce the computational complexity, some measures are taken to reduce the accuracy lost; then a fast dynamic programming combined greedy strategy and disparity smoothness constraint is adopted to select disparity. Evaluation results in MiddleBury platform show that the algorithm ranked No.2 among all real-time algorithms in this platform and the average error rate is the smallest. Also this algorithm achieves a good real-time performance.
Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014)

This review found little evidence to support the use of desipramine to treat neuropathic pain. There was very low quality evidence of benefit and harm, but this came from studies that were methodologically flawed and potentially subject to major bias. Effective medicines with much greater supportive evidence are available. There may be a role for desipramine in patients who have not obtained pain relief from other treatments.
Predicting how ontologies for the semantic web will evolve (2002)

The first phase in the evolution of the semantic Web may be the development of decentralized, adaptive ontologies for software specification.
Super-resolution microscopy for biological specimens: lensless phase retrieval in noisy conditions (2018)

The paper is devoted to a computational super-resolution microscopy. A complex-valued wavefront of a transparent biological cellular specimen is restored from multiple intensity diffraction patterns registered with noise. For this problem, the recently developed lensless super-resolution phase retrieval algorithm [Optica, 4(7), 786 (2017)] is modified and tuned. This algorithm is based on a random phase coding of the wavefront and on a sparse complex-domain approximation of the specimen. It is demonstrated in experiments, that the reliable phase and amplitude imaging of the specimen is achieved for the low signal-to-noise ratio provided a low dynamic range of observations. The filterings in the observation domain and specimen variables are specific features of the applied algorithm. If these filterings are omitted the algorithm becomes a super-resolution version of the standard iterative phase retrieval algorithms. In comparison with this simplified algorithm with no filterings, our algorithm shows a valuable improvement in imaging with much smaller number of observations and shorter exposure time. In this way, presented algorithm demonstrates ability to work in a low radiation photon-limited mode.
The MIDI Companion (1994)

From the Publisher:
This book is a guide for the musician, performer, producer, composer, recording engineer, computer enthusiast, student or anyone wanting to acquire a good understanding of how to work with MIDI!
A flywheel energy storage system test on the International Space Station (2002)

This paper describes how a flywheel demonstration unit will be placed on the International Space Station (ISS) in early 2000. Operation on ISS at this early date will allow adequate time to evaluate flywheel performance prior to the time the selection is made for replacing degraded batteries. If the flywheel performance is good, then the degraded batteries can be replaced with flywheels and the benefits of such a technology can be realized. If the performance is not good, then technology advancements must be made before flywheel energy storage technology is applied to some future space vehicle.
The Physiology of Sperm Recovered from the Human Cervix: Acrosomal Status and Response to Inducers of the Acrosome Reaction1 (1989)

Cervical mucus was collected from 35 women after artificial insemination. Mucus collections were performed at 1 h, 1 day, 2 days, or 3 days following insemination. Sperm viability was greater than 80% at all recovery times as assessed by exclusion of the supravital dye Hoechst 33258. Virtually 100% of the viable sperm were acrosome-intact at all times as assessed with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated pea lectin. Sperm were recovered from the mucus after migration into the Biggers, Whittin, and Whittingham medium in vitro. Sperm did not undergo the acrosome reaction in response to human follicular fluid immediately after migration from the mucus but did respond to this agonist after 6 h of incubation in vitro. Sperm recovered at all times after insemination had the same pattern of response to follicular fluid. Sperm that penetrated a column of cervical mucus in vitro also responded to follicular fluid with an increase in acrosome reactions after migration from the mucus and incubation for 6 h in vitro. Unlike the sperm that migrated from cervical mucus, sperm that were separated from semen by Percoll density centrifugation did not undergo the acrosome reaction when challenged with follicular fluid after 6 h but did respond after 24 h incubation. Sperm that migrated from cervical mucus had a similar increase in acrosome reactions after 6 h incubation, regardless of whether the acrosome reaction agonist was follicular fluid or disaggregated human zona pellucida.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Shikimate Pathway and Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Plants (2012)

L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrosine are aromatic amino acids (AAAs) that are used for the synthesis of proteins and that in plants also serve as precursors of numerous natural products, such as pigments, alkaloids, hormones, and cell wall components. All three AAAs are derived from the shikimate pathway, to which ≥30% of photosynthetically fixed carbon is directed in vascular plants. Because their biosynthetic pathways have been lost in animal lineages, the AAAs are essential components of the diets of humans, and the enzymes required for their synthesis have been targeted for the development of herbicides. This review highlights recent molecular identification of enzymes of the pathway and summarizes the pathway organization and the transcriptional/posttranscriptional regulation of the AAA biosynthetic network. It also identifies the current limited knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization and the metabolite transport involved in the plant AAA pathways and discusses metabolic engineering efforts aimed at improving production of the AAA-derived plant natural products.
Natural killer cell development and function precede alpha beta T cell differentiation in mouse fetal thymic ontogeny. (1998)

Natural killer (NK) cells mediate MHC-unrestricted cytolysis of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. In the adult mouse, NK cells are bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that mature predominantly in extrathymic locations but have also been suggested to share a common intrathymic progenitor with T lymphocytes. However, mature NK cells are thought to be absent in mouse fetal ontogeny. We report the existence of thymocytes with a mature NK cell phenotype (NK1.1+/CD117-) as early as day 13 of gestation, approximately 3 days before the appearance of CD4+/CD8+ cells in T lymphocyte development. These mature fetal thymic NK cells express genes associated with NK cell effector function and, when freshly isolated, display MHC-unrestricted cytolytic activity in vitro. Moreover, the capacity of fetal thymic NK cells for sustained growth both in vitro and in vivo, in addition to their close phenotypic resemblance to early precursor thymocytes, confounds previous assessments of NK lineage precursor function. Thus, mature NK cells may have been inadvertently included in previous attempts to identify multipotent and bipotent precursor thymocytes. These results provide the first evidence of functional NK lymphocytes in mouse fetal ontogeny and demonstrate that NK cell maturation precedes alpha beta T cell development in the fetal thymus.
An in Vitro Fluorescence Assay for the Detection of Drug-Induced Cytoplasmic Lamellar Bodies (1991)

An in vitro fluorescence approach to assessing lamellar body formation was investigated. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) were incubated with a fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analog, 1-acyl-2-(12[(7-nitro-2–1–3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]dodecanoyl)phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC), in the presence or absence of gentamicin, trospectomycin, or amiodarone (known to induce phospho-lipidosis in vivo), or amikacin (which does not induce phospholipidosis). Observations were made by fluorescence microscopy, spectrofluorometry, and electron microscopy. When control cells were labeled with NBD-PC at 2°C and then warmed to 37°C, fluorescence was observed diffusely throughout the cell and within occasional punctate inclusions. Incubation for 24 h in the presence or absence of amikacin gave similar results. Incubation with gentamicin routed the fluorescent label to numerous distinct cytoplasmic inclusions within 1.5 h. Similar results were obtained in 24 h incubations with gentamicin, trospectomycin, or amiodarone. The inclusions were interpreted to be lamellar bodies based on transmission electron microscopy. The lamellar bodies were not quickly removed, as fluorescence could still be observed after a 24 h incubation in the absence of drug or additional fluorescent label. Spectrofluorometry did not indicate an unequivocal increase in total fluorescence, indicating fluorescence microscopy to be the more sensitive means of evaluation. Our results suggest that drug-induced phospholipid accumulation may result from altered membrane traffic rather than altered phospholipid catabolism. The methods described here have potential application in drug development and biological mechanism studies.
Antimicrobial potential of four Lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk (2006)

These results suggest that lactobacilli from breast milk could contribute to an anti-infective protection in neonates and would be excellent candidates for the development of infant probiotic products.
Stability and Failure of Sand Arches (1981)

Abstract When producing from an unconsolidated sand, sand arches may form behind the perforation opening. On the basis of a theoretical model, we have analyzed the stresses in the sand. The effect of flowing fluids has been studied, and criteria describing the stability and failure of the sand are given. The arching phenomenon was studied in the laboratory. The experiments qualitatively reproduced the theoretical results. To the extent that comparison was possible, the quantitative agreement between theory and experiments was fairly good.
Neural Stain-Style Transfer Learning using GAN for Histopathological Images (2017)

Performance of data-driven network for tumor classification varies with stain-style of histopathological images. This article proposes the stain-style transfer (SST) model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) which is to learn not only the certain color distribution but also the corresponding histopathological pattern. Our model considers feature-preserving loss in addition to well-known GAN loss. Consequently our model does not only transfers initial stain-styles to the desired one but also prevent the degradation of tumor classifier on transferred images. The model is examined using the CAMELYON16 dataset.
High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers (2012)

Chireix. Doherty. Kahn. These names are widely heard throughout the power amplifier (PA) industry today when the discussion turns to high-power, high-efficiency amplifiers. When one hears “the Doherty PA is operating at 6 dB output power backoff (OBO) with a 6.5 dB peak to average power ratio,” most PA design engineers are interested in these and other important performance specifications, but what about the names behind the amplifiers themselves. Who were these engineers who have widely used communications amplifiers named after them? This article will attempt to shed a little light on the history behind these engineers and to provide an historical context behind their discoveries.
<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens soxR</i> Is Involved in Superoxide Stress Protection and Also Directly Regulates Superoxide-Inducible Expression of Itself and a Target Gene (2006)

Inactivation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens soxR increases sensitivity to superoxide generators. soxR expression is highly induced by superoxide stress and is autoregulated. SoxR also directly regulates the superoxide-inducible expression of atu5152. Taken together, the physiological role of soxR and the mechanism by which it regulates expression of target genes make the A. tumefaciens SoxR system different from other bacterial systems.