gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density after resumption of menses in amenorrheic athletes (1986)

Amenorrheic athletes have been found to have a lower vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) than matched groups of eumenorrheic athletes. This study reports changes in BMD over a 15.5-month period in athletes who regained menses, athletes who remained amenorrheic, and athletes with regular cycles. The BMD was measured at two sites on the radius and at the lumbar vertebrae (L-1 through L-4), using single- and dual-photon densitometry, respectively. Changes in vertebral BMD were significant for the amenorrheic group (+6.3%), but not for cyclic women (—0.3%). A slight increase in radial density at S-1 and S-2 was not significant for either group. Two athletes who remained amenorrheic during this period continued to lose bone (—3.4%). We conclude that resumption of menses was the primary factor for the significant increase in the vertebral BMD of the formerly amenorrheic athletes. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:380-382)
Mechanism of Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase by 1-(2-Deoxy-β-<sub>d</sub>-ribofuranosyl)-4-acetylimidazolin-2-one (Imidine) (1999)

Abstract Imidine1 (dImd), a structural isomer of thymidine, was designed as a potential anti-HIV agent based on the rationale that the lack of fidelity of HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) may result in misincorporation of the analogue into viral DNA leading to increased unrepaired mispairing and inhibition of viral replication.
Using Pure Protein to Build a Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Assay for Targeted Detection and Quantitation (2013)

Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is an increasingly popular mass spectrometry-based method to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple proteins. MRM is particularly useful for validating biomarkers discovered with a mass spectrometer and any analite discovered by MS can be monitored by MR because an MRM assay can be developed without the need to generate specific antibodies. In this chapter, we present a robust and systematic procedure to rapidly build a high-sensitivity MRM assay using purified protein as the starting material. Theoretical digestion of the protein with trypsin is used to identify mass spectrometry--compatible peptides and to generate preliminary MRM transitions to detect these peptides. Peptides generated by trypsin cleavage of the actual protein are then run on a liquid chromatography column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, which is programmed with the preliminary transitions. Whenever a transition is detected, it triggers dissociation of the corresponding peptide and collection of a full mass range scan of the resulting fragment ions. From this scan, fragment ions yielding the strongest and most reproducible signals are utilized to design empirical MRM transitions. The assay is further refined by optimizing the collision energy and creating a standard curve to measure sensitivity. Once MRM transitions have been established for a particular protein, they can be combined with transitions for other target proteins to create multiplex assays and used to quantify proteins in samples arising from serum, urine, subcellular fractions, or any other specemen of interest.
Using 3D Virtual Environments to Monitor Elderly Patient Activity with Low Cost Sensors (2013)

In this paper we present our method of detecting elderly patient's activities using a low-cost mobile sensor network. The activities are visualized using a 3D virtual environment. The sensor network consists of two wearable accelerometer/gyro sensors and 4-6 proximity sensors. A pattern recognition system detects the activities and a 3D virtual environment platform visualizes 19 actions and the approximate location of the patient, who is represented as a humanoid avatar. We evaluate our system with healthcare professionals using the focus group interview method and present the results as guidelines for using 3D virtual environments with elderly patient monitoring.
Novel highly specific anti‐periostin antibodies uncover the functional importance of the fascilin 1‐1 domain and highlight preferential expression of periostin in aggressive breast cancer (2015)

Periostin (POSTN), a secreted homodimeric protein that binds integrins αvβ3, αvβ5, and α6β4, was originally found to be expressed in fetal tissues and in the adult upon injury particularly bone fractures due to its role in remodelling and repair. Recently it was found to be over-expressed in human breast cancer and a variety of other tumour types including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where its overexpression correlates with increased tumour invasion. Progress in studying its functional role in tumour pathogenesis has been hampered by the paucity of antibodies for its specific and sensitive detection. It has proven very difficult to obtain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against this highly conserved protein but we report here that combining infection of mice with lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV), a B cell activating arterivirus, with conjugation of human POSTN to ovalbumin as an immunogenic carrier, enabled us to develop six mAbs recognizing both human and mouse POSTN and inhibiting its binding to αvβ3 integrin. Two of the mAbs, MPB4B1 and MPC5B4, were tested and found to inhibit POSTN-induced migration of human endothelial colony forming cells. All six mAbs recognized amino acids 136-51 (APSNEAWDNLDSDIRR) within the POSTN fascilin (FAS) 1-1 domain revealing the functional importance of this motif; this was further highlighted by the ability of aa 136-151 peptide to inhibit integrin-mediated cell migration. Immunohistochemistry using MPC5B4, indicated that breast tumour cell POSTN expression was a strong prognostic indicator, along with tumour size, lymph node, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status.
Data management for real-time fully 3-D tomograph parallel processing (2002)

An architecture for the real time parallel processing of data coming from a 3D PET is shown. Also if the adopted reconstruction algorithm is a well-known one, the originality of the paper consists of a suitable data management policy employed in order to allow a real-time parallel processing. Because of both the short time required for an I/O operation (at present 150 ns) and of the simplicity of the computations (parallel additions requiring computing time of the order of the address-encoding), the shown architecture can be added (by the interposition of a FIFO buffer) to an existing tomograph in order to obtain the real time 3D PET data processing and the image reconstruction.
Dissatisfaction after multifocal intraocular lens implantation (2009)

Complaints of blurred vision and photic phenomena after multifocal IOL implantation were effectively managed with appropriate treatment. Few eyes (7%) required IOL exchange. Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy should be delayed until it has been determined that IOL exchange will not be necessary.
Widespread establishment and regulatory impact of Alu exons in human genes (2011)

The Alu element has been a major source of new exons during primate evolution. Thousands of human genes contain spliced exons derived from Alu elements. However, identifying Alu exons that have acquired genuine biological functions remains a major challenge. We investigated the creation and establishment of Alu exons in human genes, using transcriptome profiles of human tissues generated by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) combined with extensive RT-PCR analysis. More than 25% of Alu exons analyzed by RNA-Seq have estimated transcript inclusion levels of at least 50% in the human cerebellum, indicating widespread establishment of Alu exons in human genes. Genes encoding zinc finger transcription factors have significantly higher levels of Alu exonization. Importantly, Alu exons with high splicing activities are strongly enriched in the 5'-UTR, and two-thirds (10/15) of 5'-UTR Alu exons tested by luciferase reporter assays significantly alter mRNA translational efficiency. Mutational analysis reveals the specific molecular mechanisms by which newly created 5'-UTR Alu exons modulate translational efficiency, such as the creation or elongation of upstream ORFs that repress the translation of the primary ORFs. This study presents genomic evidence that a major functional consequence of Alu exonization is the lineage-specific evolution of translational regulation. Moreover, the preferential creation and establishment of Alu exons in zinc finger genes suggest that Alu exonization may have globally affected the evolution of primate and human transcriptomes by regulating the protein production of master transcriptional regulators in specific lineages.
Improved Quasi-Stereophony and “Colorless” Artificial Reverberation (1961)

“Quasi stereophony” is defined as the reproduction over two or more loudspeakers (or binaural earphones) of different sound signals derived from a single audio signal. The purpose of quasi-stereophony is to create (from a single audio signal) an illusion of spatially distributed sound sources. Quasi-stereophonic reproduction does not permit correct localization but does share with true stereophony the properties of “depth” and “ambience” which are important attributes of stereophony (for the casual listener perhaps even more important than correct localization). This paper describes a new filtering method for producing quasi-stereophony. In contrast to earlier proposals, the new filtering method leaves the amplitude spectrum of the sound intact. The same kind of filter has also been used for generating “colorless” artificial reverberation. Experimental results indicate that both quasi-stereophony and artificial reverberation can be achieved without spectral distortion.
7. - Quels ingénieurs pour l'hydraulique des collectivités locales ? (1992)

Bailly Y., Loudière Daniel. 7. - Quels ingénieurs pour l'hydraulique des collectivités locales ?. In: L'avenir de l'eau. Quelques réponses des sciences hydrotechniques à une inquiétude mondiale. Vingt deuxièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Paris, 15-17 septembre 1992. Tome 5, 1992.
Bus access optimization for distributed embedded systems based on schedulability analysis (2002)

We present an approach to bus access optimization and schedulability analysis for the synthesis of hard real-time distribution embedded systems. The communication model is based on a time-triggered protocol. We have developed an analysis for the communication delays proposing four different message scheduling policies over a time-triggered communication channel. Optimization strategies for the bus access scheme are developed, and the four approaches to message scheduling are compared using extensive experiments.
Measurement of nitric oxide with an antimonide diode laser (1997)

An antimonide diode laser operating near 2.65 mum was used to measure absorption lines of NO gas in the first overtone band. A blended line pair of NO that is sufficiently free of interference from H(2) O to permit the selective detection of NO under reduced pressure conditions was identified. With wavelength-modulation spectroscopy, a rms noise level equivalent to an absorbance of 3.2 x 10(-5) was achieved at a measurement integration time (for a single spectral data point) of 0.1 s. The corresponding detection sensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio of 2) for NO in air at reduced pressure was ~15 ppm m (ppm is parts in 10(6)). Antimonide diode lasers show substantial promise for gas-sensing applications because they can gain access to relatively strong absorption lines of several gases of environmental interest at operating wavelengths at which cryogenic cooling is not required.
Recent Advances in High-Flux, Two-Phase Thermal Management (2013)

Recent developments in applications such as computer data centers, electric vehicle power electronics, avionics, radars, and lasers have led to alarming increases in heat dissipation rate, which now far exceeds the capability of air cooling schemes and even the most aggressive single-phase liquid cooling schemes. This trend is responsible for a recent transition to two-phase cooling, which capitalizes upon the coolant's latent heat rather than sensible heat alone to achieve several order-of-magnitude increases in heat transfer coefficient. Three two-phase cooling configurations have surfaced as best contenders for the most demanding applications: mini/microchannel, jet, and spray. This study will explore the implementation of these configurations into practical cooling packages, assess available predictive tools, and identify future research needs for each. It is shown that the design and performance assessment of high-flux, two-phase cooling systems are highly dependent on empirical or semiempirical predictive tools and, to a far lesser extent, theoretical mechanistic models. A major challenge in using such tools is the lack of databases for coolants with drastically different thermophysical properties, and which cover broad ranges of such important parameters as flow passage size, mass velocity, quality, and pressure. Recommendations are therefore made for future research to correct any critical knowledge gaps, including the need for robust computer algorithms. Also discussed is a new class of “hybrid” cooling schemes that capitalize upon the merits of multiple cooling configurations. It is shown that these hybrid schemes not only surpass the basic cooling configurations in heat dissipation rate, but they also provide better surface temperature uniformity.
LEGOsheets: a rule-based programming, simulation and manipulation environment for the LEGO Programmable Brick (2002)

The LEGO Programmable Brick gives children the ability to create physical artifacts, such as vehicles and robots, and program them with interesting behaviors. However, programming is difficult to learn, even for adults. Children often lose interest in further exploration of programming through adult learning mechanisms. Environments that support a gradual transition from manual control of the physical artifact to complete programming substantially simplify the process of programming. The combination of LEGOsheets and the Programmable Brick is an educational environment that provides a gentle, enticing introduction to programming and the design of mechanical artifacts. This paper introduces LEGOsheets, a rule-based programming environment that allows children to simulate and manipulate the LEGO Programmable Brick.
Inorganic nanoparticles for transfection of mammalian cells and removal of viruses from aqueous solutions (2007)

Owing to their small size, synthetic nanoparticles show unprecedented biophysical and biochemical properties which may foster novel advances in life-science research. Using flame-spray synthesis technology we have produced non-coated aluminum-, calcium-, cerium-, and zirconium-derived inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles which not only exhibit high affinity for nucleic acids, but can sequester such compounds from aqueous solution. This non-covalent DNA-binding capacity was successfully used to transiently transfect a variety of mammalian cells including human, reaching transfection efficiencies which compared favorably with classic calcium phosphate precipitation (CaP) procedures and lipofection. In this straightforward protocol, transfection was enabled by simply mixing nanoparticles with DNA in solution prior to addition to the target cell population. Transiently transfected cells showed higher production levels of the human secreted glycoprotein SEAP compared to isogenic populations transfected with established technologies. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles also showed a high binding capacity to human-pathogenic viruses including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and were able to clear these pathogens from aqueous solutions. The DNA transfection and viral clearance capacities of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles may provide cost-effective biopharmaceutical manufacturing and water treatment in developing countries.
Congratulations, audiologists! (2002)

On behalf of the Convention 2002 Program Committee, I am delighted to welcome you to Philadelphia—the second largest city on the East Coast; to the Pennsylvania Convention Center, with over 1.3 million square feet of floor space; and, of course, to the best Convention and Expo for audiologists ever! Among the highlights of the 14th Annual Convention & Exposition are excellent Featured Sessions, Instructional Courses, Research Posters and Podiums, and Round Tables, plus an Exhibit Hall with the largest showcase of hearing healthcare technology and services in the world!Figure. PackerBe sure to join us in the “Train Shed” for Wednesday's Opening Night Reception. This unique structure in the Convention Center is more than 100 years old and will host our “History in the Making” themed event. You will also want to be present at Thursday morning's General Assembly as we welcome best-selling author Amy Tan, along with this year's Academy Honorees. Don't miss the International Reception, the University and State Academy Open Houses on Saturday night, our expanded Research Posters area, the fabulous Exhibit Hall, and the Employment Service Center.Figure: Photo © Jim McWilliams; Philadelphia Convention & Tourism Bureau. Philadelphia skyline at night and the Pennsylvania Convention CenterWhile you are in Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, if you have the time, be sure to visit the city's “hot spots,” including the Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Franklin Institute, Italian Market, Longwood Gardens, and the Rodin Museum. We have an action-packed agenda this year, and you are going to have an amazing convention! Congratulations on being part of the largest gathering of audiologists in the world! NOVELIST TO SPEAK Amy Tan, author of The Joy Luck Club, will be a featured speaker at the General Assembly, to be held here Thursday from 10 to 11:30 am. Tan is also the author of The Kitchen God's Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, and The Bonesetter's Daughter, published last year. Other speakers at the General Assembly will include Angela Loavenbruck, EdD, the new President of The Academy, and David Fabry, PhD, whom she succeeded. In addition, Academy Honors will be presented.Figure. TanBarbara Packer, EdD Convention Program Chair
In-band FSK Supervisory Signaling between Adaptive Optical Transceivers Employing Digital Signal Processing (2011)

Digital-domain modulation and demodulation of FSK supervisory signal are demonstrated on 28 Gbaud 16QAM/QPSK adaptive transceivers. Unlike conventional AM pilot-tone approach, it requires no additional hardware and is immune to cross-gain modulation.
Typing illegal information flows as program effects (2012)

Specification of information flow policies is classically based on a security labeling and a lattice of security levels that establishes how information can flow between security levels. We present a type and effect system for determining the least permissive relaxation of a given confidentiality policy that allows to type a program, given a fixed security labeling. To this end, sets of illegal information flows are represented as downward closure operators (here referred to as flow kernels) on a given lattice of security levels. Illegal information flows can then be seen as program effects, and their representation as flow kernels subsumes in granularity previous lattice-oriented representations of information flow policies. Effect soundness, optimality and preservation results are presented for the proposed type and effect system, for programs written in a concurrent higher-order imperative lambda-calculus with reference creation.
Micromachining with femtosecond lasers (1998)

Summary form only given. Two industrial applications of ultrashort-pulse machining process will be presented in this contribution. For the automotive industry, the production of high-aspect-ratio high-quality microholes for injection nozzles is required. We demonstrate a strong dependence of the quality of these holes on the polarization of the laser beam (linear, circular, etc.). The origin of this dependence will be discussed, and special techniques that allow us to improve and optimize the quality of the produced holes will be presented. The advantages of applying diffractive optical elements (DOE) for the beam forming ultrashort laser pulses allow the machining of well-defined structures and high-aspect-ratio holes under atmospheric pressure. The production of metallic and organic stents for the medical industry will be presented as a second industrial application for this novel machining technique.
Activation and promotion of adipose stem cells by tumour necrosis factor‐alpha preconditioning for bone regeneration (2013)

There is a major medical need for developing novel and effective approaches for repairing non-union and critical-sized bone defects. Although the mechanisms remain to be determined, it is known that inflammation plays a crucial role in initiating bone repair and regeneration. This study investigated the effect of short-term (3 days) preconditioning with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on proliferation, mobilization, and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). We demonstrated that TNF-α pre-conditioning increased proliferation, mobilization, and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs and up-regulated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein level. BMP-2 silencing by siRNA partially inhibited osteogenic differentiation of ASCs induced by TNF-α; BMP-2 pre-conditioning also significantly increased osteogenic differentiation of ASCs but the effects were significantly smaller than those observed for TNF-α preconditioning. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment promoted extracellular-signal-regulated kinases(Erk)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, but only Erk1/2 inhibition reduced the BMP-2 levels and osteogenic differentiation induced by TNF-α preconditioning. Together, these results support the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to bone regeneration by promoting proliferation, mobilization, and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs; 3 days of TNF-α preconditioning, mimicking the short boost of inflammation normally occurring after bone injury, might serve as a feasible approach for directing stem cells into osteogenic differentiation.
Gastrointestinal promotility drugs in the critical care setting: A systematic review of the evidence* (2002)

As a class of drugs, promotility agents appear to have a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal motility in critically ill patients. A one-time dose of erythromycin may facilitate small-bowel feeding tube insertion. Administration of metoclopramide appears to increase physiologic indexes of gastrointestinal transit and feeding tolerance. Concerns about safety and lack of effect on clinically important outcomes preclude strong treatment recommendations.