gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3,4-Bis(tributylstannyl)furan: a versatile building block for the regiospecific synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted furans (1992)

By utilising an oxazole–alkyne Diels–Alder reaction, 3,4-bis(tributylstannyl)furan is prepared and its synthetic potential assessed by its conversion into several 3,4-disubstituted furans via Stille-type palladium-catalysed reactions.
Die genetiese manipulasie van die gis <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<i/> vir die moontlike omskakeling van polisakkariedryke landbougewasse en nywerheidsafval na enkelselproteien en brandstofetanol (1994)

The world’s problem with overpopulation and environmental pollution has created an urgent demand for alternative protein and energy sources. One way of addressing these burning issues is to produce single-cell protein (for food and animal feed supplements) and fuel ethanol from polysaccharide-rich agricultural crops and industrial waste by using baker’s yeast.
Uncovering Transcriptional Regulatory Networks by Sparse Bayesian Factor Model (2010)

The problem of uncovering transcriptional regulation by transcription factors (TFs) based on microarray data is considered. A novel Bayesian sparse correlated rectified factor model (BSCRFM) is proposed that models the unknown TF protein level activity, the correlated regulations between TFs, and the sparse nature of TF-regulated genes. The model admits prior knowledge from existing database regarding TF-regulated target genes based on a sparse prior and through a developed Gibbs sampling algorithm, a context-specific transcriptional regulatory network specific to the experimental condition of the microarray data can be obtained. The proposed model and the Gibbs sampling algorithm were evaluated on the simulated systems, and results demonstrated the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed model was then applied to the breast cancer microarray data of patients with Estrogen Receptor positive ( ) status and Estrogen Receptor negative ( ) status, respectively.
The Moral Decision. Right and Wrong in the Light of American Law. By Edmond Cahn. [London: Stevens & Sons, Ltd.1959. x and 342 pp. 25s. net.] (1960)

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CD200 Receptor Family Members Represent Novel DAP12-associated Activating Receptors on Basophils and Mast Cells (2004)

Modulation by balancing activating and inhibitory receptors constitutes an important mechanism for regulating lymphocyte and myeloid cell effector responses. Using a microarray screen during parasitic helminth infection, we identified CD200 receptor-like 3 as a transcript highly expressed in basophils. Novel splice variants were present that generated proteins that differed in surface expression. The second immunoglobulin-like domain, encoded by exon 4, was required for cell surface expression and recruitment of DAP12 to the cell surface. Splice variants also generated unique cytoplasmic domains, which contributed to efficient pairing with DAP12. Despite expression on basophils and mast cells, which are integral components of allergic immunity, the absence of DAP12 did not alter effector cell recruitment or the host response elicited by helminth infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
俄苏的《蒙古秘史》研究 (1989)

1866年,《元朝秘史》第一次为俄国、欧洲学者所了解,当时,俄国东正教驻北京传道团团长、大主教帕拉基·卡法罗夫在使团的《俄国北京传教会教士著作集》第四卷中,发表了《元朝秘史》(即十五卷本总译部分——译者)的俄文译本。译文的导言部分介绍了《秘史》在中国的起源和转译情况,注释部分对特殊的汉字作了说明和注解。那时,卡法罗夫虽然只看
Accumulation mechanisms and heavy metal tolerance of a nickel hyperaccumulator (1991)

Abstract Alyssum bertoionii Desv., a crucifer which grows only in Tuscany on serpentine soil, is characterized by high Ni concentration in its leaves and a high tolerance to this element. In this research, the Co and Zn tolerance of A. bertolonii has been tested and compared with that of Ni. Although the Zn concentration in the serpentine soil on which the plant grows is lower than that of Co, root growth showed no significant difference for these two elements. In excised roots, on the other hand, Co and Zn compete with Ni uptake and accumulation. Seedlings do not show any inhibition in the translocation of these three elements. They are all rapidly carried to and accumulate in the shoots, but the uptake and traslocation of Zn does not show the saturation trend found for Ni and Co. The same gel filtration fractions contain the three elements in association with malic acid, involved in Ni tolerance.
FTIR spectral study of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist S-145 and related compounds. Part 2 (1990)

The FTIR spectra of thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists, a S-145 analogue (1),‡ ONO-3708 (2), a 13-APA analogue (3), SQ-29548 (4), and EP-045 (5), and related compounds have been measured in dilute CCl4 and CHCl3 solutions. The spectra were subjected to curve analysis in order to separate overlapping absorption bands. For (1)–(5), intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving twelve-, fourteen-, twelve-, thirteen-, and thirteen-membered rings are found between a carboxy group of the α-side chain and a functional group of the ω-side chain, respectively. In (3)–(5), these hydrogen bonds are also found to be of a zwitterion form. The formation ratio (ρ) of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in CCl4 solution show high values of 85 for (1), 78 for (2), 75 for (3), 89 for (4), and 96% for (5). On the basis of these findings on the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the conformations of (1)–(5) have been identified and are found to be similar.
Tunable Fluorescent Dendron‐Cyclodextrin Nanotubes for Hybridization with Metal Nanoparticles and Their Biosensory Function (2008)

Take the tube: A systematic approach was used to construct a series of functional nanotubes by cooperative self-assembly of dendrons and cyclodextrins and their nanotube–nanoparticle hybrids (see picture). The nanotubes are also capable of sensing proteins by inducing specific binding of proteins on the tube surface. The “nanotube toolkit” has a great potential for the construction of functional nanomaterials. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of Preoperative Single Doses of Diclofenac and Methylprednisolone on Wound Healing (1994)

Anti-inflammatory drugs should impair wound healing, which may explain why they have been used to only a limited extent to relieve pain. If they are to have maximal effect they must be started before the operation. In the present study, single doses of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent diclofenac or of diclofenac and the corticosteroid methylprednisolone were given before operation, and the effects on wound healing after operative extraction of third molars were recorded. Patients developed 18 postoperative complications (5%), the most common of which was alveolar osteitis (n = 14), followed by bleeding (n = 3) and infection (n = 1). Pretreatment with diclofenac alone or in combination with methylprednisolone did not result in a notable increase in the incidence of complications as compared to placebo.
Silence in the EHR: infrequent documentation of aphonia in the electronic health record (2014)

Patients' communication abilities were infrequently documented in the EHR. When providers did document a patient's communication disability or method, they used inconsistent descriptions, suggesting a lack of standardized language. Further work is needed to determine how to consistently and accurately document patients' communication abilities so staff and providers can quickly recognize how best to communicate with patients with communication disabilities.
Treatment of Idiopathic Bronchiectasis With Aerosolized Recombinant Human DNase I (1998)

rhDNase was ineffective and potentially harmful in this group of adult outpatients in stable condition with idiopathic bronchiectasis. This contrasts with previously published results that demonstrated efficacy of rhDNase in patients with cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
Optical touch screen based on waveguide sensing (2011)

We disclose a simple, optical touch screen technique based on a planar injection molded polymer waveguide, a single laser, and a small linear detector array. The solution significantly reduces the complexity and cost as compared to existing optical touch technologies. Force detection of a touching finger is also demonstrated.
Chemical and morphological changes during olivine carbonation for CO2 storage in the presence of NaCl and NaHCO3 (2013)

The increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are attributed to the rising consumption of fossil fuels for energy generation around the world. One of the most stable and environmentally benign methods of reducing atmospheric CO2 is by storing it as thermodynamically stable carbonate minerals. Olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4) is an abundant mineral that reacts with CO2 to form Mg-carbonate. The carbonation of olivine can be enhanced by injecting solutions containing CO2 at high partial pressure into olivine-rich formations at high temperatures, or by performing ex situ mineral carbonation in a reactor system with temperature and pressure control. In this study, the effects of NaHCO3 and NaCl, whose roles in enhanced mineral carbonation have been debated, were investigated in detail along with the effects of temperature, CO2 partial pressure and reaction time for determining the extent of olivine carbonation and its associated chemical and morphological changes. At high temperature and high CO2 pressure conditions, more than 70% olivine carbonation was achieved in 3 hours in the presence of 0.64 M NaHCO3. In contrast, NaCl did not significantly affect olivine carbonation. As olivine was dissolved and carbonated, its pore volume, surface area and particle size were significantly changed and these changes influenced subsequent reactivity of olivine. Thus, for both long-term simulation of olivine carbonation in geologic formations and the ex situ reactor design, the morphological changes of olivine during its reaction with CO2 should be carefully considered in order to accurately estimate the CO2 storage capacity and understand the mechanisms for CO2 trapping by olivine.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (2017)

The presence of CHIP in peripheral-blood cells was associated with nearly a doubling in the risk of coronary heart disease in humans and with accelerated atherosclerosis in mice. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
<title>Stereo image quality: effects of spatio-temporal resolution</title> (1999)

We explored the response of the human visual system to mixed-resolution stereo video sequences in which one eye view was spatially or temporally low-pass filtered. It was expected that perceived quality, stereo depth, and perceived sharpness of sequences would be relatively unaffected by low-pass filtering, compared to the case where both eyes viewed a filtered image. Subjects viewed two 10-second stereo video-sequences, in which the right-eye frames were filtered vertically and horizontally (H) at 1/2H, 1/2V, 1/4H, 1/4V, 1/2H1/2V, 1/2H1/2V, 1/4H1/2V, and 1/4H1/4V resolution. Temporal filtering was implemented for a subset of these conditions at 1/2 temporal resolution, or with dropped-and-repeated frames. Subjects rates the overall quality, sharpness, and overall sensation of depth. It was found that spatial filtering produced acceptable results: the overall sensation of depth was unaffected by low-pass filtering, while ratings of quality and of sharpness were biased towards the eye with the greater spatial resolution. By comparison, temporal filtering produced unacceptable result: Field averaging and dropped-and-repeated frame conditions yielded images with poor quality and sharpness, even though perceived depth was relatively unaffected. We conclude that spatial filtering of one channel of a stereo video-stereo may be an effective means of reducing transmission bandwidth.
Display Integrity Assurance for SMS Transaction Authorization (2012)

Secure online transactions with human users normally require visual display for verifying the correctness of central elements of the transaction before it is submitted. When commodity computer platforms get exposed to the Internet, even for a short period, there is a real and substantial risk that they become infected with malware that can modify anything on the computer, including what is displayed to the user and what is being sent over the Internet. This threat makes visual verification of transaction data unreliable and undermines other security mechanisms used to protect online transactions. This paper proposes a secure optical inspection technique for verifying the integrity of transaction data in online transactions. This technique provides protection against the highly advanced threat of a malware that manipulates transaction data as well as displayed data on the visual display of the client platform.
Effect of electrode offset on the CMRR of the current balancing instrumentation amplifiers (2005)

This paper describes the effect of the electrode-offset voltage on the CMRR of the current balancing instrumentation amplifiers (CBIA). Calculated CMRR behavior of the implemented instrumentation amplifier (IA) in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is compared with the simulated and measured results. Finally, a technique for improving the CMRR of IA under electrode-offset is proposed.
Using the NETCONF Configuration Protocol over Secure SHell (SSH) (2006)

track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Stimulation of noradrenaline release in human cerebral cortex mediated by N‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate (NMDA) and non‐NMDA receptors (1992)

1. Human brain cortical slices from patients undergoing neurosurgery for treatment of epilepsy resistant to antiepileptic drugs were used to identify and characterize N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors mediating stimulation of noradrenaline release. The slices preincubated with [3H]-noradrenaline were superfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution with or without Mg2+ (1.2 mmol l-1) and were stimulated by 2-min exposure to NMDA, kainic acid or (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). 2. In slices superfused without Mg2+, NMDA induced a concentration-dependent tritium overflow. 3. The NMDA-evoked tritium overflow was almost abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), Mg2+ or by omission of Ca2+ from the superfusion fluid. 2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5; a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) or dizocilpine (formerly MK-801; an antagonist at the phencyclidine receptor within the NMDA-gated ion channel) inhibited the NMDA-evoked tritium overflow. The stimulatory effect of NMDA was not significantly enhanced by glycine added to the superfusion fluid but was reduced by 7-chlorokynurenic acid (an antagonist at the glycine site coupled to the NMDA receptor). 4. In slices superfused with solution containing Mg2+, kainic acid or AMPA induced a concentration-dependent tritium overflow which was susceptible to blockade by TTX. 5. The kainic acid-evoked tritium overflow was not affected by DL-(E)-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentanoic acid (CGP37849; a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist), but was inhibited by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; an antagonist at glutamate receptors of the non-NMDA type). 6. The AMPA-evoked tritium overflow was also inhibited by CNQX.2ń
Light Scattering from Binary Solutions (1969)

The spectrum of the light scattered by a binary solution is calculated from thermodynamic fluctuation theory and the linearized hydrodynamic equations appropriate to a two-component fluid. The spectrum consists of three peaks. Expressions are obtained for the positions and widths of the two-side, Brillouin peaks. In general the central, unshifted Rayleigh peak is found to consist of a superposition of two Lorentzians that involve the combined dynamical effects of heat conduction and diffusion. The condition is stated under which it is possible to separate the central peak simply into two contributions, one arising from diffusion and one from thermal conduction. For many binary systems this separation is justified. In these cases measurement of the spectrum of the scattered light should prove to be an attractive alternative means of measuring the diffusion coefficient of binary solutions.
In Search of New Methodologies for Efficient Insect Pest Control: “The RNAi “Movement” (2017)

The development of insecticide formulations with new mechanisms of action (modes of action, MOAs) is a huge priority for pesticide industry. This priority has become apparent during the last few years after (a) the observed increase in insect resistance for the most widely used active substances and (b) the harmful effects of the excessive use of pesticides on human health, environment, beneficial insects and fish. Silencing of genes by RNAi (RNA interference) technology provides an alternative, selective to species level, environmentally friendly strategy to combat insect pests. Double-stranded RNA molecules (double-stranded RNAs, dsRNAs) targeting important developmental genes are taken up by the digestive tract of the targeted insect speciesand induce RNAi, which results in inhibition of growth, development and reproduction of the targeted insect species. After the rapid development of RNAi technology in the past 10 years, biotech industry is seeking for new applications aimed at producing environmentally friendly genetic insecticides or genetically modified plants (GMPs) that induce environmental RNAi in the targeted insect species. These technologies are expected on the market at the end of this decade. In this chapter, we exploit established methods involving recent initiatives of RNAi technology with respect to the development of new bio-insecticidal formulations.
Transamination of methionine in humans (1989)

1. This study was designed to investigate the transamination pathway of methionine in humans. 2. Evidence is provided that methanethiol and its metabolites are formed via transamination of methionine. 3. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to measure serum and urinary transamination metabolites of methionine: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, 3-methylthiopropionate and methanethiol, and the metabolites of methanethiol, dimethylsulphide, protein-S-S-CH3 (a mixed disulphide of blood proteins and methanethiol) and X-S-S-CH3 (a mixed disulphide of methanethiol and another thiol with an unknown component X). 4. Methionine and the transamination intermediates were measured in 10 normal subjects, in six normal subjects after L-methionine loading (0.1 g/kg body weight) and in a male patient with hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6) deficiency. 5. In the patient with methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency, at least 20% of methionine was degraded via transamination. In normal subjects transamination of methionine did exist but was quantitatively not important in methionine catabolism, not even after methionine loading. 6. The results of this study might be of importance for future studies on the role of methanethiol in hepatic encephalopathy.
Physical Analyses of E. coli Heteroduplex Recombination Products In Vivo: On the Prevalence of 5′ and 3′ Patches (2007)

These results indicate that orf and rap did not contribute to the presence of patches, and imply that patches occurring in both DNA strands reflects the molecular mechanism of recombination in E. coli. Most importantly, the lack of a requirement for RuvC implies that endonucleolytic resolution of Holliday junctions is not necessary for heteroduplex-patch formation, contrary to predictions of all of the major previous models. This implies that patches are not an alternative resolution of the same intermediate that produces splices, and do not bear on models for splice formation. We consider two mechanisms that use DNA replication instead of endonucleolytic resolution for formation of heteroduplex patches in either DNA strand: synthesis-dependent-strand annealing and a strand-assimilation mechanism.
Osmolarity and Volatile Fatty Acid Content of Feces from Horses with Chronic Diarrhea (1980)

The concentrations of acetate (C2), propionate (C3), isobutyrate (iC4), butyrate (nC4), isovalerate (iC5), and valerate (nC5) were measured in the feces of 16 clinically normal horses and 44 horses with chronic diarrhea of at least 1-month's duration. The diarrheal horses were categorized diagnostically as: (1) no discernible clinical abnormalities other than diarrhea and in some cases, weight loss (open); (2) clinical evidence of strongyle larval migrans; and (3) Salmonella organisms recovered from the feces. Osmolarity of the feces of 14 of the normal and 15 of the sick horses also was measured. The mean concentration of C2 was significantly less (P < 0.05) in feces from horses of all diagnostic categories, whereas there was a significantly increased isobutyrate concentration (P < 0.01) in feces from horses in the open category. When individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) were expressed as percentage of total, only isobutyrate in feces from horses in the open category was significantly different (P < 0.01) from normal and was increased. Some horses were monitored sequentially for a number of weeks. Fecal VFA concentrations showed considerable variability, and a transient decrease of isobutyrate concentration was not necessarily coincidental with cessation of diarrhea. Horses responding to empirical therapy had a more stable reestablishment of a normal fecal VFA distribution. Correlation between total fecal VFA concentration and osmolarity was significant (P < 0.05) for diarrheal horses, but was not significant for normal horses.
Development of a novel image intensifier of an amplified metal-oxide semiconductor imager overlaid with electron-bombarded amorphous silicon (1998)

We developed a novel image intensifier (II) of an amplified metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) imager (AMI) overlaid with electron-bombarded (EB) amorphous silicon (a-Si). The electron bombardment gain (EB gain) was 1500 at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Since the multiplication process was free from a phosphorescent screen and a coupling fiber plate as in the conventional II, the resolution was high and the picture quality was good and free from granularity noises, white spots, lag and sticking. As for fatigue of X-ray irradiation, the contrasts of a vertical stripe (Smear) are not detectable and damaged areas in AMI are weak whereas both of those in charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are strong.