gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Year Scale Inhibition from a Solid Inhibitor Applied during Stimulation (2008)

Abstract Multi-year scale inhibition is the desired outcome from placing a scale inhibitor composite in a formation during the fracturing process. Traditionally liquid inhibitors applied through a squeeze have provided inhibition for up to one year. Deepwater operators, especially, desire longer inhibition periods. This paper reports on the twenty-four wells that have been treated for at least sixteen months. It also details the inhibition for two deep water wells that have been on line for about one year. At the time of the publication of the paper over five hundred wells have been treated with the solid inhibitor. The longest documented treatment has been in the ground for over three years. Placing a scale inhibitor composite into the formation via the fracturing process requires a product that is compatible with the fracturing fluid, does not adversely affect the conductivity of the proppant pack and provides multi-year inhibition through the controlled release of the inhibitor into the produced water. The solid inhibitor is added to the fracturing proppant. Primarily this is a mass-balance process by which a finite amount of inhibitor desorbs over time. The goal is to maximize the inhibitor loading without negatively impacting the stimulation effectiveness. Mineral scale deposition in the treated wells has not occurred in the time since the initial stimulation and inhibitor placement. In all wells, but especially for deep water wells where subsequent intervention represents a significant cost, this technology has financial benefit compared to traditional treatments. All treated wells continue to show scale mitigation, as measured by inhibitor residual in the produced water. Mineral scale deposition in wells means costly well remediation. This means decreased production and workover costs. It has an adverse impact on lifting costs. This chemical technology advancement extends the period between remedial workovers well beyond traditional expectations. It will save operators money and may encourage the development of fields that might otherwise be viewed unprofitable or marginal.
Multiple Regression Model for Forecasting Quantity of Supply of Off-season Longan (2014)

ing model based on multiple regression techniques, with enter, forward, back- ward, and stepwise selection methods were adopted, and these methods yielded mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 18.39%, 25.63%, 21.21%, and 25.63%, respectively. These results demonstrate that multiple regression with the enter selection method is practical to predict the quantity of supply of off-season longan.
Using individual differences to test the role of temporal and place cues in coding frequency modulation (2015)

The question of how frequency is coded in the peripheral auditory system remains unresolved. Previous research has suggested that slow rates of frequency modulation (FM) of a low carrier frequency may be coded via phase-locked temporal information in the auditory nerve, whereas FM at higher rates and/or high carrier frequencies may be coded via a rate-place (tonotopic) code. This hypothesis was tested in a cohort of 100 young normal-hearing listeners by comparing individual sensitivity to slow-rate (1-Hz) and fast-rate (20-Hz) FM at a carrier frequency of 500 Hz with independent measures of phase-locking (using dynamic interaural time difference, ITD, discrimination), level coding (using amplitude modulation, AM, detection), and frequency selectivity (using forward-masking patterns). All FM and AM thresholds were highly correlated with each other. However, no evidence was obtained for stronger correlations between measures thought to reflect phase-locking (e.g., slow-rate FM and ITD sensitivity), or between measures thought to reflect tonotopic coding (fast-rate FM and forward-masking patterns). The results suggest that either psychoacoustic performance in young normal-hearing listeners is not limited by peripheral coding, or that similar peripheral mechanisms limit both high- and low-rate FM coding.
Erratum: ‘‘Temperature dependence of thermophysical properties of GaAs/AlAs periodic structure’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>67</b>, 3554 (1995)] (1996)

Detection of oxygen incorporated in molecular
I Confess. By Benjamin Gitlow. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1939. 611 pp. $3.75 and The Red Dacada. By Eugene Lyons. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1941. 423 pp. $3.00 (1941)

I Confess. By Benjamin Gitlow. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1939. 611 pp. $3.75 and The Red Dacada. By Eugene Lyons. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1941. 423 pp. $3.00 Get access Lee M. Brooks Lee M. Brooks University of North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 20, Issue 2, December 1941, Pages 290–291, https://doi.org/10.2307/2571365 Published: 01 December 1941
The Long-Term Effects of Price Promotions on Category Incidence, Brand Choice, and Purchase Quantity (2002)

To what extent do price promotions have a long-term effect on the components of brand sales, namely, category incidence, brand choice, and purchase quantity? The authors answer this question by using persistence modeling on weekly sales data of a perishable and a storable product derived from a scanner panel. Their analysis reveals, first, that permanent promotion effects are virtually absent for each sales component. Next, the authors develop and apply an impulse response approach to estimate the promotional adjustment period and the total dynamic effects of a price promotion. Specifically, they calculate the long-term equivalent of Gupta's (1988) 14/84/2 breakdown of promotional effects. Because of positive adjustment effects for incidence but negative adjustment effects for choice, the authors find a reversal of the importance of category incidence and brand choice: 66/11/23 for the storable product and 58/39/3 for the perishable product. The authors discuss the implications of the findings and suggest some areas for further research.
Quantum Decoherence Reduction by Increasing the Thermal Bath Temperature (2008)

The well-known increase of the decoherence rate with the temperature, for a quantum system coupled to a linear thermal bath, no longer holds for a different bath dynamics. This is shown by means of a simple classical nonlinear bath, as well as a quantum spin-boson model. The anomalous effect is due to the temperature dependence of the bath spectral profile. In the case of the second model, a link with the quantum Zeno effect is provided. The decoherence reduction via the temperature increase can be relevant for the design of quantum computers.
Embracing Diversity: Enhanced DSP Blocks for Low-Precision Deep Learning on FPGAs (2018)

Use of reduced precisions in Deep Learning (DL) inference tasks has recently been shown to significantly improve accelerator performance and greatly reduce both model memory footprint and the required external memory bandwidth. With appropriate network retuning, reduced precision networks can achieve accuracy close or equal to that of full-precision floating-point models. Given the wide spectrum of precisions used in DL inference, FPGAs' ability to create custom bit-width datapaths gives them an advantage over other acceleration platforms in this domain. However, the embedded DSP blocks in the latest Intel and Xilinx FPGAs do not natively support precisions below 18-bit and thus can not efficiently pack low-precision multiplications, leaving the DSP blocks under-utilized. In this work, we present an enhanced DSP block that can efficiently pack 2× as many 9-bit and 4× as many 4-bit multiplications compared to the baseline Arria-10-like DSP block at the cost of 12% block area overhead which leads to only 0.6% total FPGA core area increase. We quantify the performance gains of using this enhanced DSP block in two state-of-the-art convolutional neural network accelerators on three different models: AlexNet, VGG-16, and ResNet-50. On average, the new DSP block enhanced the computational performance of the 8-bit and 4-bit accelerators by 1.32× and 1.6× and at the same time reduced the utilized chip area by 15% and 30% respectively.
Synthesis of chemically bonded CNT–graphene heterostructure arrays (2012)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene constitute the two most exotic classes of functional carbon materials representing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures. With an intention of combining them together in to a single structure, in this communication, we report on vertically aligned, interconnected graphene arrays grown on arrays of CNTs.
Complementary DNA – 25S ribosomal RNA hybridization: an improved method for phylogenetic studies (1983)

In a new combination of techniques for ribosomal RNA hybridization, complementary DNA is synthesized on 25S ribosomal RNA fragments generated by mild alkali treatment, by the enzymatic addition of polyadenylic acid tails, hybridization of these tails with oligo deoxyribosylthymine, and reverse transcription in the presence of tritiated TTP. Hybridization reactions are performed in solution. Heteroduplexes are collected on diethylaminoethylcellulose filter discs after treatment with S1 nuclease. The problems presented by secondary rRNA structure are avoided by denaturation before reverse transcription and before hybridization. The high percentage of duplex formation (78-87%), the low standard deviation of relative binding (averaging +/- 1.30% relative binding), and small differences in reciprocal hybridizations (1.71-5.18% relative binding), as well as the elimination of complications resulting from differences in the number of rRNA cistrons in nuclear DNA, make this method preferable to the membrane-filter technique commonly used in phylogenetic classifications based on the homology of large rRNAs.
Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Ni<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>OOH (0 < <i>x</i> < 0.27) Oxygen Evolving Catalyst: Kinetics of the “fast” Iron Sites (2015)

Nickel-iron mixed metal oxyhydroxides have attracted significant attention as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst for solar fuel renewable energy applications. Here, we performed surface-selective and time-dependent redox titrations to directly measure the surface OER kinetics of Ni(IV) and Fe(IV) in NiOOH, FeOOH, and Ni(1-x)Fe(x)OOH (0 < x < 0.27) electrodes. Most importantly, two types of surface sites exhibiting "fast" and "slow" kinetics were found, where the fraction of "fast" sites in Ni(1-x)Fe(x)OOH matched the iron atom content in the film. This finding provides experimental support to the theory-proposed model of active sites in Ni(1-x)Fe(x)OOH. The OER rate constant of the "fast" site was 1.70 s(-1) per atom.
Variations in Sacral Morphology and Implications for Iliosacral Screw Fixation (2012)

Posterior pelvic percutaneous fixation following either closed or open reduction is a popular procedure. Knowledge of the posterior pelvic anatomy, its variations, and related imaging is critical to performing reproducibly safe surgery. The dysmorphic sacrum has several key characteristics. The upper portion of the sacrum is relatively colinear with the iliac crests on the outlet radiographic view. Other characteristics include the presence of mammillary bodies (ie, underdeveloped transverse processes) at the sacral mid-alar area, anterior upper sacral foramina that are not circular, residual upper sacral disks, an acute alar slope oriented from cranial-posterior-central to caudal-anterior-lateral on the outlet and lateral views of the sacrum, a tongue-in-groove sacroiliac joint surface visualized on CT, and cortical indentation of the anterior ala on the inlet radiographic view. The surgeon must be knowledgeable about individual patient anatomy to ensure safe iliosacral screw placement.
Dalbavancin (BI-387) for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infection (2015)

In the era of increasing antibiotic resistance, development of new agents that could provide therapeutic options for difficult to treat pathogens is vital. Dalbavancin is a new lipoglycopeptide recently approved by the US FDA for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. A derivative of the older glycopeptide class, chemical structure alterations resulted in a molecule with a similar mechanism of action, however, with a comparatively increased activity as reflected by organism MICs. These modifications also resulted in an antibiotic with distinctive properties that allow for once-weekly dosing in the treatment of Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and drug resistant Streptococcus spp. As the first of these long acting compounds, understanding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of agents like dalbavancin is essential for determining a place in therapy.
A pervasive keyboard - separating input from display (2003)

A novel text input for public displays and palmtop computers is presented that separates the input from the display of the edited text. While the public display shows both the edited text and a character generation interface. palmtop computers are used for input in a blind way, i.e. without the need to look at the palmtop's small screen. This allows for art effective text input with multiple users interacting simultaneously on the public display. Advanced features such as a dictionary-based word completion can run directly on the public display's computer instead of the palmtop with its limited resources.
Relationship of prostatic acid phosphatase localization in human prostate by a monoclonal antibody with the gleason grading system (1988)

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was localized in human prostate with a monoclonal antibody prepared against PAP isoenzyme II to determine patterns of its expression in normal, hyperplastic (BPH), and cancerous glands. The monoclonal antibody reacted with both isoenzymes II and IV in immunoblot studies. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was used from patients who had not been treated with hormones or chemotherapy. In normal glands and BPH, there was marked variation in the intensity of PAP staining in morphologically otherwise similar epithelial cells. There was similar heterogeneity of staining in the adenocarcinomas. Rough quantification of the intensity patterns in the clinical groups indicated a slight shift to more intense staining in BPH and well-differentiated carcinomas but a progressive decline in the PAP staining in the moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. This decrease in intracellular staining with decreasing differentiation is not inconsistent with the clinical observation that serum levels of acid phosphatase generally increase with higher grade and disseminated tumors, since the enzyme is simply more accessible to the circulatory system in those cases. The same decrease may explain the few disseminated tumors that are not associated with elevated serum levels.
Carbon Coating for Improved Hydrothermal Stability of Silica Supports (2011)

A large number of industrial chemicals produced today come from petroleum-based feedstocks. With these feedstocks dwindling, it is necessary to develop alternative ways to produce these chemicals from biorenewable feedstocks. The move from the current petroleum-based chemical industry to a biorenewable chemical industry will build on a current platform chemical approach, where a small number of key chemical intermediates produced from biorenewable sources will serve as the platform to produce a broad range of chemical products. Since carbon is necessary to produce these chemicals, biomass, with its short formation time, must become the feedstock for the chemical industry. Since the new feedstock is in aqueous phase the catalyst supports used currently in the petroleum-based chemical industry, such as silica and alumina, will not work because they are not hydrothermally stable. Silica and alumina are used as catalyst supports because they are mechanically stable, have large surface areas, and synthesis methods are well established but they tend to react with water and lose their integrity during aqueous phase reactions at elevated temperatures. Mesoporous carbons are an attractive alternative to mesoporous oxides because they are thermally and chemically stable except in the presence of oxygen. The problem with these mesoporous carbons is they lack mechanical strength and their pore structure cannot be as easily tailored as that of the oxide supports. The central objective of this work was to integrate the benefits of both the mesoporous oxides (mechanical stability) and the mesoporous carbons (thermal and chemical stability) to produce hydrothermally stable catalyst supports. The approach used to combine the benefits of these supports was to deposit a thin layer of carbon within the pores of a mesoporous silica. By doing this, the mechanical stability of the mesoporous silica was retained and the support became thermally and chemically stable due to the thin layer of carbon on the silica support. The characterization techniques used to analyze the carbon-coated silica supports were FTIR, DRIFT, TGA, TEM, STEM, EFTEM, HRTEM, nitrogen adsorption surface area analysis, and hydrothermal treatments. This study successfully showed carbon from different precursors could be bound to the surface of Stober spheres, a model silica support, and to the surface and within the pores of SBA-15, a mesoporous silica.
Redox initiation of bulk thiol–ene polymerizations (2012)

The unique formation-structure-property attributes and reaction behavior of the thiol-ene "click" reaction have been explored extensively for photochemically and thermally initiated reactions but have been much less explored for redox initiation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to characterize fully the impact of the initiation system, monomer structure, degree of functionalization, and inhibitor level on the redox-mediated thiol-ene polymerization rate and behavior. Moreover, this study confirms the ability of redox initiation to achieve full conversion of desired thiol-ene "click" products for small molecules in solution. For the multifunctional thiol-ene systems, polymerization rate was shown to be comparable to photo- and thermally initiated systems, but with the additional advantages of unlimited depth of cure and mild reaction conditions. Additionally, the network properties of the redox-initiated thiol-ene systems were on par with a photocured material formulated with identical monomers and radical initiating potential. Lastly, control over the polymerization rate and preceding induction period was garnered from the concentration of inhibitor included in the reaction mixture. The mechanism of action of quinone inhibition in redox-mediated thiol-ene polymerizations is shown to depend on both the presence of an aniline reducing agent and the concentration of inhibitor, with quinone concentrations in great excess of oxidizing agent concentrations actually leading to heightened polymerization rates when aniline is present.
Improved Patient Outcomes in 3 Years with a System of Cure for Diabetes (2012)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated complications are increasing in the United States, with prevalence up 40 percent from 2002 to 2010. [1] Randomized controlled studies have shown reductions in the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with diabetes when glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure are better controlled and there are standards of care for improving patient […]
Fatigue Tests of Piping Components (1952)

Abstract This paper presents a compilation of available fatigue-test data on piping components and derives therefrom stress-intensification factors relative to straight pipe. These factors are strictly applicable only to the limited range of sizes for which fatigue tests were made. In view of the importance of proper consideration of stress intensifications in cyclically stressed piping and the lack of theoretical developments which would serve to evaluate their magnitude for all shapes involved, the author has taken it upon himself to suggest empirical correlations by which the application of the available data can be expanded to a wider range of sizes and conditions.
Protein kinase regulation of muscarinic receptor signalling in colonic smooth muscle (1993)

1. We have previously demonstrated that M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors coexist in the circular smooth muscle of canine proximal colon. Activation of receptors of the M2 subtype leads to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity through the GTP-binding protein, Gi, while M3 receptors are coupled to a pertussis toxin-insensitive GTP-binding protein and mediate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. 2. In the present study, the interactions between these second messenger systems were examined. Activation of either protein kinase C or adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase attenuated carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis without affecting basal activity. Activation of both protein kinases produced greater attenuation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation than activation of either kinase alone. 3. In contrast to its inhibitory effect on phosphoinositide hydrolysis, activation of protein kinase C had no effect on adenylyl cyclase activity. 4. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol ester treatment resulted in the sequestration of M3 muscarinic receptors from the cell surface without effecting the M2 muscarinic receptor population. Sequestered M3 muscarinic receptors were not rapidly degraded. 5. In contrast, elevation of cellular cyclic AMP decreased the affinity of cell surface muscarinic receptors for an antagonist radioligand without affecting their density. 6. Muscarinic agonist binding was not affected by either activation of protein kinase C or elevation of cellular cyclic AMP. 7. These data support the notion of negative feedback by protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase on phosphoinositide hydrolysis. In canine colonic circular smooth muscle this negative feedback regulation of inositol phosphate generation by muscarinic receptor stimulation does not appear to involve the guanine nucleotide binding protein:receptor interaction.
Exact surface impedance for a spherical conductor (1980)

A spherically concentric model of the earth is employed to obtain expressions for the surface impedance matrix at the surface. It is shown the surface impedance is a function of both the earth's electrical parameter and the source field configuration. In some cases the latter dependence is of minor consequence.