gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared Refractive Index of Thin YBa2Cu307 Superconducting Films (1992)

This work investigates whether thin-film optics with a constant refractive index can be applied to high-Tc superconducting thin films. The reflectance and transmittance of YBa2Cu3O7 films on LaAlO3 substrates are measured using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer at wavelengths from 1 to 100 μm at room temperature. The reflectance of these superconducting films at 10 K in the wavelength region from 2.5 to 25 μm is measured using a cryogenic reflectance accessory. The film thickness varies from 10 to 200 nm. By modeling the frequency-dependent complex conductivity in the normal and superconducting states and applying electromagnetic-wave theory, the complex refractive index of YBa2Cu3O7 films is obtained with a fitting technique. It is found that a thickness-independent refractive index can be applied even to a 25 nm film, and average values of the spectral refractive index for film thicknesses between 25 and 200 nm are recommended for engineering applications.
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling reveals novel epigenetically regulated genes and non-coding RNAs in human testicular cancer (2010)

This report is the first application of MeDIP-chip for identifying epigenetically regulated genes and ncRNAs in TGCT. We also demonstrated the function of intergenic and intronic DMRs in the regulation of ncRNAs.
Biocompatibility and Bone Tissue Compatibility of Alumina Ceramics Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

Owing to proven good biocompatibility and bone tissue compatibility, the application of CNT/alumina composites as biomaterials that contact bone, such as prostheses in arthroplasty and devices for bone repair, are expected.
Effect of the Volute on Performance of a Centrifugal-Pump Impeller (1957)

Abstract An experimental study of volute influence on radial flow-impeller performance was conducted by operating a single impeller with three different sets of volute vanes. In each case, over-all performance was measured and an internal-flow study within the volute was made. The results show that at their respective design flow rates the influence of the volutes is least and the deviation of performance from the free-impeller operation is small. At off-design flow rates there are major changes in the impeller performance resulting from the presence of the volutes. Large real fluid effects, coupled with a nonuniform velocity pattern at the impeller exit, result in a flow through the volute that does not resemble a potential flow. Even so, the fluid losses through the volute are comparatively small.
Accelerometer-Based Combustion Metrics Reconstruction With Radial Basis Function Neural Network for a 9 L Diesel Engine (2013)

Accelerometer-based combustion sensing in diesel engines has the potential of providing feedback for combustion control to reduce fuel consumption and engine emissions at a lower cost than in-cylinder pressure sensors. In this work, triaxial block-mounted accelerometers were used to measure the engine vibration, and pressure transducers were installed to measure the in-cylinder pressure. The in-cylinder pressure can be further utilized to compute combustion metrics, including the apparent heat release rate (AHR). Engine tests were conducted for various speeds, torques, and start of injections, on a 9 L in-line six-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common rail high pressure injection system. The relationship between engine block acceleration and AHR was modeled using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). By inputting the accelerometer signal to the fixed network, AHR and other combustion metrics were estimated. As the primary concern for radial basis network training is the hidden layer weight vector selection, two algorithms for weight vector selection (modified Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization and principal component analysis) were evaluated by examining the robustness of the resulting network. One-third of the conducted tests were utilized to train the network. The network was then applied to estimate the AHR for the remaining validation tests which were not used to train the network. Comparisons were made based on the combustion metrics estimation results and the selection efficiency among the two weight vector selection methods and the random selection method. Moreover, the capability concerning the network's tolerance for additive noise was also investigated. Results confirmed that the modified Gram–Schmidt method achieved much more accurately estimated combustion metrics with the highest efficiency. On the basis of this study, a real-time closed-loop control strategy was proposed with the feedback provided based on the application of the trained RBFNN.
The role of SNPs in the α-chain of the IL-7R gene in CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected African patients receiving suppressive cART (2011)

We previously found an association between faster CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and interleukin-7 receptor-α (IL-7Rα) haplotype-2 in a predominantly Caucasian cohort. This study aims to determine whether this association was also significant in Africans. Patients were recruited from the Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO) cohort (n=352). We used survival analysis and linear mixed modelling (LMM) to determine factors associated with CD4 T-cell recovery. Eight IL-7Rα single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in both Africans and Caucasians (n=57). Soluble (s)IL-7Rα levels were measured by ELISA. In UARTO, IL-7Rα haplotype-2 was associated with slower CD4 T-cell recovery following cART by using survival analysis (P=0.020) and no association was found with LMM (P=0.958). The tagging-SNP for IL-7Rα haplotype-2 (rs6897932) was associated with decreased sIL-7Rα (P<0.001). The haplotypes for the IL-7Rα were significantly different in Africans and Caucasians. Using IL-7Rα genotypes we found slower CD4 T-cell recovery in UARTO patients was still associated with rs6897932 (P=0.009) and rs3194051 was associated with faster CD4 T-cell recovery (P=0.006). Unlike Caucasians, we did not demonstrate a significant association between IL-7Rα haplotype 2 and faster CD4 T-cell recovery in Africans. The IL-7Rα SNPs associated with CD4 T-cell recovery following cART differ in African and Caucasian cohorts.
The Effects of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 on HIV-1 Acquisition and Transmission: A Review of Two Overlapping Epidemics (2004)

Increasing evidence demonstrates a substantial link between the epidemics of sexually transmitted HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 infection. More than 30 epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that prevalent HSV-2 is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition. Per-sexual contact transmission rates among couples from Rakai, Uganda indicate that at all levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA in the source partner, HSV-2-seropositive HIV-1-susceptible persons have a 5-fold greater risk of acquiring HIV-1 compared with HSV-2-negative persons. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that mucosal HIV-1 shedding is more frequent and in greater amounts during mucocutaneous HSV-2 replication, including subclinical mucosal reactivations. Most HIV-1-infected persons are coinfected with HSV-2, and most experience frequent subclinical and clinical reactivations of HSV-2. Subclinical HSV reactivation elevates serum HIV-1 RNA levels, and daily therapy with acyclovir appears to reduce plasma HIV-1 RNA. These data show that greater attention to the diagnosis and treatment of HSV-2 among HIV-1-infected persons is warranted, especially those who continue to be sexually active, those not on antiretroviral therapy, or those whose disease is not well suppressed by antiretrovirals.
A genetic algorithm approach to hot strip mill rolling scheduling problems (2002)

The operation of hot strip mill rolling scheduling (HSMRS) at China Steel Corporation (CSC), Taiwan is an extremely difficult and time consuming process due to the complexity of the problem. The paper explores how this problem can be solved through the use of a genetic algorithm. One of the key aspects of this approach is the use of specially designed representations for such scheduling problems. The representations explicitly encode a schedule by encoding information for building cycles. We have found that this representation cooperates with a stochastic violation directed mutation operator and suitable fitness function and can quickly produce results comparable to human scheduling. The efficient and flexible GA approach presented is potentially widely useful in other similar rolling cycle scheduling applications in large steel companies.
Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

Apoptosis is a key mechanism that regulates tissue composition and homeostasis. Alterations in the apoptosis of synovial cells have been described in residential synoviocytes as well as inflammatory cells and associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. These changes constitute hallmarks of synovial cell activation and contribute to both chronic inflammation and hyperplasia. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts are affected most prominently, and their resistance to apoptosis has been linked closely to the progressive destruction of articular cartilage. Although a detailed understanding of mechanisms that prevent synovial fibroblasts from programmed cell death is lacking, several antiapoptotic molecules have been identified. Among them, downstream modulators of Fas-signaling, such as sentrin-1/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1 and Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin (IL)-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (FLIP), as well as transcriptional regulators such as NFkappaB, Stat3, and p53, have been suggested to regulate apoptosis most prominently. Current efforts are aimed at elucidating the specific role of these molecules in regulating the apoptosis of rheumatoid fibroblasts and at identifying molecular targets to interfere with altered apoptosis.
Efficacy of the Anti‐<i>Candida</i>rAls3p‐N or rAls1p‐N Vaccines against Disseminated and Mucosal Candidiasis (2006)

We have shown that vaccination with the recombinant N terminus of Als1p (rAls1p-N) protects mice against disseminated and oropharyngeal candidiasis. We now report that vaccination of mice with a related candidate, rAls3p-N, induces a broader antibody response than rAls1p-N and a similar cell-mediated immune response. The rAls3p-N vaccine was equally as effective as rAls1p-N against disseminated candidiasis but was more effective than rAls1p-N against oropharyngeal or vaginal candidiasis. Antibody titers did not correlate with protection against disseminated candidiasis, but delayed-type hypersensitivity did. The rAls3p-N vaccine is a promising new vaccine candidate for further exploration to prevent systemic and mucosal candidal infections.
Saverio Muratori and the Italian school of planning typology (2002)

This paper outlines the development of the Muratorian school of urban morphology and building typology. Starting from Muratori's experience as a talented architect, deeply rooted in the Roman interpretation of Italian rationalism, the authors describe the growth of Muratori's interest in history as a means of recovering a sense of continuity in architectural practice. Adopting a theoretical approach grounded in architecture and urban design, he started working on a critical framework which could explain the creation and transformation of urban form over the centuries. He had many followers. The resurgence of interest in Muratori's work in the 1990s is described.
Properties and Applications of Low Carbon Martensitic Steel Sheets (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The mechanical properties and microstructures of low carbon alloy-free martensites are discussed as well as engineering aspects such as joining techniques, fatigue, protection from corrosion, and forming practice.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the properties that have been developed, it is shown that the low carbon martensitic steels can compete with high carbon quenched and tempered or austempered steels as well as such high priced materials as aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel. Similarly, the relatively low cost of low carbon martensitic steels, plus their high strength to weight ratio, makes these steels potential substitutes for plastics and fiber glass. Crash bars, welded tubing, fasteners, small spring-type parts, and corrugated panels are discussed as applications and supporting data are presented.</div>
A Miniature Airborne Pictorial Plotter (1955)

The recent use of insulated aircraft wing or fin cap sections for radio antennas has required that consideration be given not only to the protection of radio equipment but to the protection of the insulated aircraft sections as well. Failure of simple spark gap protection used in early installations for aircraft radio equipment has been correlated to the occurrence of long duration lightning strokes, which, because of low current rates of rise, do not build up sufficient voltages across lead or tuning inductances to flash simple protective gaps. In order to provide protection against all types of lightning discharges, an aircraft lightning arrester utilizing a combination gap and series capacitor was proposed by LTRI, and has been developed in a number of commercially available types for various type installations discussed in the paper.
Adaptive beam pointing control of a phased array radar using the AIMM algorithm (1996)

The results of an investigation into the use of the adaptive interactive multiple model (AIMM) algorithm, in which the sampling rate was adaptively selected among a predetermined set, for the benchmark problem of the beam pointing control of a phased array radar for tracking maneuvering targets is presented. The results of the AIMM algorithm where a fixed sampling rate policy was used has also been given for the same problem for comparison purposes. (8 pages)
Characterization of nuclei in <i>in vitro</i> collagen fibril formation (1977)

Abstract Heat precipitation fibril formation in collagen solutions depends upon the prior thermal history of the solution. Collagen solutions were heat precipitated to various extents at 30°C, cooled, and then brought to a second precipitation. Kinetic analysis of the secondary precipitation demonstrated that only the nucleation phase of the precipitation was affected, not the fibril growth phase. Thermal history, or memory, is thus related to the formation of low‐temperature‐stable nuclei. A range of nuclei sizes is evident, supporting the concept of a homogeneous nucleation process. Schiffs base formation and establishment of cross‐linkages play no role in the in vitro nucleation: thiosemicarbazide treated collagen behaves identically to untreated collagen in kinetics of assembly to fibrils. Low‐temperature‐stable nuclei formed at neutral pH are dissociated in the cold in acetic acid at pH 4. Pronase and pepsin susceptible molecular end regions are important in establishing the low‐temperature‐stable nuclei. Pronase treatment completely abolishes the acquisition of memory of prior thermal history in collagen solutions. We speculate that biological control mechanisms for fibril formation in vivo relate to specific interactions between non‐helical, enzyme susceptible regions on collagen molecules.
Nerve growth factor stimulates rapid metabolic responses in PC12 cells (1995)

Research into the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) has involved study of either the signal transduction process or the morphological result of growth factor treatment (cell proliferation and/or differentiation). The Cytosensor Microphysiometer, a silicon-based biosensor system that allows the continuous and real-time monitoring of extracellular acidification rate changes of cells, was used to study the response of PC12 cells to NGF. Stimulation resulted in a rapid increase in the acidification rate of cells in a concentration-dependent fashion (0.1-200 ng/ml NGF; mean effective concentration value of 153 +/- 54 pM). Inhibition of the NGF receptor-linked protein tyrosine kinase by either genistein or K252a attenuated the acidification rate response to NGF. In addition, the acidification response to NGF could be modified by inhibiting Na+/H+ exchange and, separately, glycolysis. This implicates these processes in the metabolic response of PC12 cells to NGF stimulation.
2.3 picoseconds optical gate monolithically integratingphotodiodeandelectroabsorption modulator (2001)

A novel ultra-high-speed optical gate monolithically integrating a uni-travelling-carrier photodiode and a travelling-wave electroabsorption modulator (TW-EAM) is presented. By using the nonlinear extinction characteristics of the EAM, the minimum gate opening time of 2.3 picoseconds with an extinction ratio of 14 dB is achieved.
Security of Internet location management (2003)

In the Mobile IPv6 protocol, the mobile node sends binding updates to its correspondents to inform them about its current location. It is well-known that the origin of this location information must be authenticated. This paper discusses several threats created by location management that go beyond unauthentic location data. In particular, the attacker can redirect data to bomb third parties and induce unnecessary authentication. We introduce and analyze protection mechanisms with focus on ones that work for all Internet nodes and do not need a PKI or other new security infrastructure. Our threat analysis and assessment of the defense mechanisms formed the basis for the design of a secure location management protocol for Mobile IPv6. Many of the same threats should be considered when designing any location management mechanism for open networks.
Naked plasmid-mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle ameliorates diabetes mellitus (1999)

Background The ability of tissues to take up naked plasmid DNA in vivo suggests an approach for reconstituting systemic metabolic deficiencies without the disadvantages of viral vectors and lipid-DNA complexes. Plasmid-mediated gene transfer into skeletal muscle was investigated as a means of providing a therapeutic source of insulin. Methods Four plasmid constructs, each bearing a mouse furin cDNA transgene and rat proinsulin cDNA (modified for processing by furin) driven by four different promoters were injected into the calf muscles of male Balb/c mice. Insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays having minimal crossreactivity for proinsulin and partially processed proinsulin. Results Intramuscular insulin concentrations increased by up to 3.6-fold over controls seven days after single injections of CMV, β-actin, hsp70 and myoglobin promoter constructs. The optimal dose for most constructs was 100 µg plasmid DNA. Intramuscular plasmid injection into streptozotocin-induced diabetic Balb/c mice raised plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and reduced hyperglycaemia. Two injections (100 µg plasmid DNA each) caused higher plasma insulin concentrations and significantly reduced hyperglycemia in diabetic mice than a single injection. Best results were obtained when plasmid injections preceded induction of diabetes by 14 days. Conclusions Skeletal muscle is a potentially useful platform for ectopic secretion of insulin using naked plasmid as a gene transfer vector. Injection at two sites 14 days before the onset of severe hyperglycemia is optimal. This approach could protect Type I diabetics from fatal ketoacidosis and enhance the action of agents that sensitize tissues to insulin in type II diabetes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The NADPH‐linked acetoacetyl‐CoA reductase from <i>Zoogloea ramigera</i> (1988)

The NADPH-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.36), from the bacterium Zoogloea ramigera, involved in the formation of D-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA for poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate) biosynthesis, has been purified from an over-producing Escherichia coli strain. The purification was achieved in two steps, yielding an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme of high specific activity (608 U/mg). The enzyme is an alpha 4 homotetramer of four 25-kDa subunits. It has a Km of 2 microM and a kcat/Km of 1.8 X 10(8) M-1 s-1 for acetoacetyl-CoA; it is inhibited by acetoacetyl-CoA above 10 microM. K is 10(-10) M for the dehydrogenation. Kinetic studies of the back reaction revealed a sequential mechanism involving a ternary complex. The stereospecificity of the hydride-equivalent transfer was demonstrated using NMR techniques to be 4S (B side). Using the fingerprint method proposed by Wierenga et al. [(1986) J. Mol. Biol. 187, 101-107], we identified a 28-residue stretch (residues 3-31) as a possible NADPH fold. Finally the specificity of the reductase was examined using 3-oxo-acyl-CoA analogs and analogs lacking the adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate moiety of CoA. Only the straight-chain C5 analog (3-oxo-propionyl-CoA) was found to be an alternative substrate (40%) for the reductase.
Zero quiescent power VLF mechanical communication receiver (2015)

A first-in-kind all-mechanical communication receiver front-end employing resonant micromechanical switch (i.e., resoswitch) technology has detected and demodulated frequency shift keyed (FSK) signals as low as −60dBm at a VLF frequency of 20kHz suitable for extremely long-range communications, all while consuming zero quiescent power when in standby. The key to attaining high quality signal reception and demodulation with zero quiescent power consumption derives from the use of heavily nonlinear amplification, provided by mechanical impact switching of the resoswitch. This approach would be inconceivable in a conventional receiver due to performance degradation caused by nonlinearity, but becomes plausible here by virtue of the RF channel-selection provided by the resonant behavior of the mechanical circuit.
<i>N,N</i>‐diethyl dithiocarbamato group induced photografting of methyl methacrylate onto polyurethane (2008)

Abstract The N,N ‐diethyl dithiocarbamato group present in a variety of compounds acts as an initiator in the photopolymerization processes. The photolability of this group is due to the cleavage of the CS bond by UV irradiation. N,N ‐Diethyl dithiocarbamato‐(1,2)‐propane diol with a pendent N,N ‐diethyl dithiocarbamato group was prepared from 3‐chloro‐(1,2)‐propane diol and sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate. A polyurethane macrophotoinitiator was then synthesized by a two‐step process, where N,N ‐diethyl dithiocarbamato‐(1,2)‐propane diol was used as the chain extender. Other components used included 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and poly(propylene glycol) (molecular weight = 1000). The polyurethane thus synthesized had pendent N,N ‐diethyl dithiocarbamato groups. This polyurethane macrophotoinitiator was then used to polymerize methyl methacrylate in a photochemical reactor (Compact‐LP‐MP 88) at 254 nm. The resulting graft copolymer, polyurethane‐ g ‐poly(methyl methacrylate), was freed from the homopolymer by a standard procedure. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, solution viscometry, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C(6)-Modified Celastrol Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents (2014)

New six C6-celastrol derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against nine human cancer cell lines (BGC-823, H4, Bel7402, H522, Colo 205, HepG2 and MDA-MB-468). The results showed that most of the compounds displayed potent inhibition against BGC823, H4, and Bel7402, with IC50s of 1.84-0.39 μM. The best compound NST001A was tested in an in vivo antitumor assay on nude mice bearing Colo 205 xenografts, and showed significant inhibition of tumor growth at low concentrations. Therefore, celastrol C-6 derivatives are potential drug candidates for treating cancer.