gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of phosphorylated 422(aP2) protein as pp15, the 15-kilodalton target of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (1988)

[32P]pp15, the [32P]phosphorylated form of a specific cytosolic substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, was purified to homogeneity from mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with 32Pi. Evidence presented here and previously indicates that pp15 contains a single phosphotyrosine residue. Alkylated [32P]pp15 was subjected to limited digestion with trypsin, after which three incompletely digested tryptic [32P]phosphopeptides were purified for analysis. Amino acid and radiochemical sequence analysis of the [32P]phosphopeptides revealed that pp15 is the phosphorylation product of 422(aP2) protein, a 15-kDa adipocyte protein previously sequenced in this laboratory from the corresponding cDNA.
Digital factory: simulation enhancing the product and production engineering process (2006)

The digital factory concept offers an integrated approach to enhance the product and production engineering processes and simulation is a key technology within this concept. Different types of simulation, such as discrete event or 3D-motion simulation can be applied in virtual models on various planning levels and stages to improve the product and process planning on all levels. The focus and key factor is the integration of the various planning and simulation processes. In an advanced stage simulation technology can be applied in the digital factory concept to enhance the operative production planning and control as an integrated process from the top level to the factory floor control.
Services and trial test of CMMB system (2009)

This paper presents the experimental services and trial test of China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting (CMMB) system. Combined with the comparison with another popular mobile TV standard DVB-H, the system infrastructure and key techniques of CMMB are introduced. We describe the coverage deployment of CMMB based on the existing trial test reports. Some aspects of its services in China are depicted. It is mentioned that due to the fast commercial operation deployment, CMMB has become the approachable handheld TV standard in China. It will try to expand its network coverage and set up mature commercial pattern in the near future although it is facing some shackles including the payment mode at present.
Hypertensive Rat Lungs Retain Hallmarks of Vascular Disease upon Decellularization but Support the Growth of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2013)

There are an insufficient number of donor organs available to meet the demand for lung transplantation. This issue could be addressed by regenerating functional tissue from diseased or damaged lungs that would otherwise be deemed unsuitable for transplant. Detergent-mediated whole-lung decellularization produces a three-dimensional natural scaffold that can be repopulated with various cell types. In this study, we investigated the decellularization and initial recellularization of diseased lungs using a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PHT). Decellularization of control and MCT-PHT Sprague-Dawley rat lungs was accomplished by treating the lungs with a combination of Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate, NaCl, and DNase. The resulting acellular matrices were characterized by DNA quantification, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and proteomic analyses revealing that decellularization was able to remove cells while leaving the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and lung ultrastructure intact. Decellularization significantly reduced DNA content (∼30-fold in MCT-PHT lungs and ∼50-fold in the control lungs) and enriched ECM components (>60-fold in both the control and MCT-PHT lungs) while depleting cellular proteins. MicroCT visualization of MCT-PHT rat lungs indicated that the vasculature was narrowed as a result of MCT treatment, and this characteristic was unchanged by decellularization. Mean arterial vessel diameter of representative decellularized MCT-PHT and control scaffolds was estimated to be 0.152±0.134 mm and 0.247±0.160 mm, respectively. Decellularized MCT-PHT lung scaffolds supported attachment and survival of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs), seeded into the airspace or the vasculature, for at least 2 weeks. The cells seeded in MCT-PHT lung scaffolds proliferated and underwent apoptosis similar to control scaffolds; however, the initial percentage of apoptotic cells was slightly higher in MCT-PHT lungs (2.79±2.03% vs. 1.05±1.02% of airway-seeded rASCs, and 4.47±1.21% vs. 2.66±0.10% of vascular seeded rASCs). The ECM of cell-seeded scaffolds showed no signs of degradation by the cells after 14 days in culture. These data suggest that diseased hypertensive lungs can be efficiently decellularized similar to control lungs and have the potential to be recellularized with mesenchymal stem cells with the ultimate goal of generating healthy, functional pulmonary tissue.
Learning Traffic Signal Control from Demonstrations (2019)

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently become a promising approach in various decision-making tasks. Among them, traffic signal control is the one where RL makes a great breakthrough. However, these methods always suffer from the prominent exploration problem and even fail to converge. To resolve this issue, we make an analogy between agents and humans. Agents can learn from demonstrations generated by traditional traffic signal control methods, in the similar way as people master a skill from expert knowledge. Therefore, we propose DemoLight, for the first time, to leverage demonstrations collected from classic methods to accelerate learning. Based on the state-of-the-art deep RL method Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C), training with demos are carried out for both the actor and the critic and reinforcement learning is followed for further improvement. Results under real-world datasets show that DemoLight enables a more efficient exploration and outperforms existing baselines with faster convergence and better performance.
Plasmon-Enhanced Emission in Gold Nanoparticle Aggregates (2008)

We have investigated the influence of the plasmon resonances of individual, spatially isolated gold nanoparticle aggregates on their emission properties using combined optical confocal and dark field scattering microscopy and spectroscopy. The emission intensity of the same aggregate is enhanced by up to 1 order of magnitude if the emission wavelengths overlap with the plasmon resonance in the corresponding white light scattering spectrum. Regardless of the specific geometry of an individual aggregate, the in situ measurement of the plasmon characteristics delivers unique information about its potential as a substrate for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and allows its characterization as a nanoscatterer, nanoemitter, or local heater.
Chip and PIN is Broken (2010)

EMV is the dominant protocol used for smart card payments worldwide, with over 730 million cards in circulation. Known to bank customers as “Chip and PIN”, it is used in Europe; it is being introduced in Canada; and there is pressure from banks to introduce it in the USA too. EMV secures credit and debit card transactions by authenticating both the card and the customer presenting it through a combination of cryptographic authentication codes, digital signatures, and the entry of a PIN. In this paper we describe and demonstrate a protocol flaw which allows criminals to use a genuine card to make a payment without knowing the card's PIN, and to remain undetected even when the merchant has an online connection to the banking network. The fraudster performs a man-in-the-middle attack to trick the terminal into believing the PIN verified correctly, while telling the card that no PIN was entered at all. The paper considers how the flaws arose, why they remained unknown despite EMV's wide deployment for the best part of a decade, and how they might be fixed. Because we have found and validated a practical attack against the core functionality of EMV, we conclude that the protocol is broken. This failure is significant in the field of protocol design, and also has important public policy implications, in light of growing reports of fraud on stolen EMV cards. Frequently, banks deny such fraud victims a refund, asserting that a card cannot be used without the correct PIN, and concluding that the customer must be grossly negligent or lying. Our attack can explain a number of these cases, and exposes the need for further research to bridge the gap between the theoretical and practical security of bank payment systems. It also demonstrates the need for the next version of EMV to be engineered properly.
Synchronization control of interacting oscillatory ensembles by mixed nonlinear delayed feedback (2010)

We propose a method for the control of synchronization in two oscillator populations interacting according to a drive-response coupling scheme. The response ensemble of oscillators, which gets synchronized because of a strong forcing by the intrinsically synchronized driving ensemble, is controlled by mixed nonlinear delayed feedback. The stimulation signal is constructed from the mixed macroscopic activities of both ensembles. We show that the suggested method can effectively decouple the interacting ensembles from each other, where the natural desynchronous dynamics can be recovered in a demand-controlled way either in the stimulated ensemble, or, intriguingly, in both stimulated and not stimulated populations. We discuss possible therapeutic applications in the context of the control of abnormal brain synchrony in loops of affected neuronal populations.
Alias analysis for exceptions in Java (2002)

We propose a flow-sensitive alias analysis algorithm that computes safe and efficient alias sets in Java. For that, we propose a references-set representation of aliased elements, its type table, and its propagation rules. Also, for an exception construct, we consider try/catch/finally blocks as well as potential exception statement nodes while building a control flow graph. Finally, for the safe alias computation on a control flow graph, we present a structural order traverse of each block and node.
HIV Drug Resistance (1993)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic process with persistent, high rates of replication. The virus exhibits high rates of mutation over time within the same individual. It is thus not surprising that drug-resis­ tant mutants of HIV emerge under the selective pressure of prolonged chemotherapy, especially with the knowledge of the clinical emergence of drug-resistant mutants of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cyto­ megalovirus, influenza A virus, and rhinovirus (1).
Early Stages of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease (1989)

In order to study protein metabolism, plasma levels of 22 amino acids were measured with high pressure chromatography in old patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) of late onset andin early stages of development. Derangements were observed in protein metabolism in 16 non-treated patients when compared with 7 age matched healthy controls. There were increased fasting levels of plasma cystine and decreased fasting levels of plasma tyrosine and plasma tryptophan. The ratio of fasting levels of plasma tryptophan to the sum of plasma phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine and valine was significantly decreased, and the ratio of fasting levels of plasma tyrosine to the sum of tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine and valine was low but was not significantly decreased when compared to controls. Normal fasting levels were observed for plasma taurine, threonine, serine, aspargine+glutamate, glutamine, glycine, alanine, citrulline, alpha-aminobutyrate, valine, metionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, 1-M-histidine, histidine, arginine and proline. Since tryptophan and tyrosine are precursors of dopamine/norepinephrine and serotonine, respectively, these monaminergic activities in the central nervous system (CNS) might be reduced in early stages of late onset AD. These observations made us think that there was need for a trial with precursor loading to reduce the tryptophan and tyrosine deficiencies, possibly, thereby increasing mental capacity and performance (see this study and study III). Urine excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was increased in untreated late onset AD patients. An increased tryptophan metabolism may thus be a part of the explanation for the reduced serum levels. The patients were given L-tryptophan (4.1 ± 0.30 mmol per 24 h, mean ± SEM) for eight weeks in a double-blind trial. As expected the tryptophan administration further increased urine excretion of 5-HIAA. However, this treatment regimen did not increase fasting plasma level of tryptophan nor the ratio of tryptophan to the sum of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine. However, with the dose given the treatment did not significantly improve mental function, or performance. These observations in mild to early moderate stages of late onset AD are in agreement with previous reports. The derangement in cystine production as indicated by increased plasma levels of cystine is a new observation in AD.
A Lawsone–DAMN based colorimetric chemosensor for rapid naked-eye detection of mercury(<scp>ii</scp>) (2016)

A highly sensitive and selective chemosensor<bold>L</bold>exhibited well-defined naked-eye visible color changes from yellow to pink, which was used for Hg<sup>2+</sup>detection in acetonitrile. For the selective recognition of Hg<sup>2+</sup>ions, it forms a 1 : 1 stoichiometric complex involving naphthoquinone hydroxyl and diaminomaleonitrile nitrogen functionalities.
Finite element analysis modeling and experimental verification of reflected wave phenomena in variable speed machine drive cables (2017)

Modern variable frequency drives (VFDs) are employed in various industry applications. The machine windings may be subject to large overvoltage, called reflected wave phenomena (RWP), if long cables are used or fast voltage rise times are implemented in the VFD system. The overvoltage places high electrical stress on the machine terminal windings, in the long term resulting in the winding insulation degradation and eventually a complete insulation breakdown. Several methods were proposed to model the RWP overvoltage based on the transmission line theory to study how various factors affect the RWP. The accurate acquisition of the electrical characteristics of the cable for the RWP models however proved to be difficult. This work proposes to use a 2D finite element analysis (FEA) model to simulate the electrical characteristics of the power cable under test. The characteristics are then used to construct a two-port network in a circuit simulation of RWP. The accuracy of the modeling technique is experimentally verified by measuring the voltage overshoots using cables of different lengths and under different switching frequencies and duty cycles. The simulation results are found to closely match the experimental findings after adopting a compensation method.
Fabrication of a Biological Visual Perception System Using a Microlens Array in a Hybrid Pattern Recognition System (1992)

The authors have proposed a concept and a system based on a biological perception system using optical components and a microcomputer. In this paper, we describe a breakthrough in the solution of the problem of the interconnection between the optical and digital processing parts. The breakthrough has been derived from the technique of separation of the peak signal from noise. Reduction of reflection noise, the effective aperture size of the microlens and the recognition algorithm are also discussed for the complete recognition system. Experimental results show good feasibility of the proposed system.
Characterization of a nanogland for the autotransplantation of human pancreatic islets (2013)

Despite the clinical success of pancreatic islet transplantation, graft function is frequently lost over time due to islet dispersion, lack of neovascularization, and loss of physiological architecture. To address these problems, islet encapsulation strategies including scaffolds and devices have been developed, which produced encouraging results in preclinical models. However, islet loss from such architectures could represent a significant limitation to clinical use. Here, we developed and characterized a novel islet encapsulation silicon device, the NanoGland, to overcome islet loss, while providing a physiological-like environment for long-term islet viability and revascularization. NanoGlands, microfabricated with a channel size ranging from 3.6 nm to 60 μm, were mathematically modeled to predict the kinetics of the response of encapsulated islets to glucose stimuli, based on different channel sizes, and to rationally select membranes for further testing. The model was validated in vitro using static and perifusion testing, during which insulin secretion and functionality were demonstrated for over 30-days. In vitro testing also showed 70-83% enhanced islet retention as compared to porous scaffolds, here simulated through a 200 μm channel membrane. Finally, evidence of in vivo viability of human islets subcutaneously transplanted within NanoGlands was shown in mice for over 120 days. In this context, mouse endothelial cell infiltration suggesting neovascularization from the host were identified in the retrieved grafts. The NanoGland represents a novel, promising approach for the autotransplantation of human islets.
Lignans, neolignans and related compounds (1997)

R. S. Ward, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1997, 14, 43 DOI: 10.1039/NP9971400043
Radio Map Filter for Sensor Network Indoor Localization Systems (2007)

Sensor Network Indoor Localization Systems (SNILS) gain a significant attention these years, due to their ease of deployment and inexpensiveness. Ranging methods play basic role in the localization system, in which the RSSI (received signal strength indicator)-based ranging technique attracts the most attention. But the accuracy of the RSSI-based localization method remains a big challenge, because of the severe fading effects in the indoor environment. In this paper, a radio map method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the RSSI-based SNILS. This method contains two phases. The first phase is the radio map setting up phase. The radio maps are a set of probability density functions (pdf) indicating the radio fading pattern in the concerned environment, which are setup by a cooperative target. The second phase is the target tracking phase. Position probability matrixes (PPM) are used to indicate the positions of the targets, which are calculated by refering the stored radio maps according to the real-time RSSI values. To improve the localization accuracy, a radio map based Bayesian filter is proposed to iteratively calculate the PPM to speed up the convergence of the variance. Fully distributed algorithms of the localization method and the filter are designed and are implemented in the MICA2 system. The experimental accuracy is shown to be less than 1 meter with 80% probability, much better than current RSSI-based SNILS.
Toxin receptors and their pathogenetic significance. (1984)

The pathogenetic significance of toxin receptor interaction in disease is examplified by infectious diarrhoea. The world-wide problem of infectious diarrhoea is presented with regard to epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Enterotoxigenic diarrhoea is examined in the light of recent knowledge on toxin receptor interaction, which has greatly contributed to new vaccine as well as drug development in this disease condition.
Galápagos and Californian sea lions are separate species: Genetic analysis of the genus Zalophus and its implications for conservation management (2007)

Based on molecular evidence we build a case for classifying the Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki), the Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) as true species. As morphological characters do not necessarily fully reflect the rapid divergence on the molecular level, the study can be considered as a test case for deriving species status from molecular evidence. We further use the results to discuss the role of genetics in conservation policy for an organism that already is under the general protection of the habitat it lives in.
Processing of Genome 5′ Termini as a Strategy of Negative-Strand RNA Viruses to Avoid RIG-I-Dependent Interferon Induction (2008)

Innate immunity is critically dependent on the rapid production of interferon in response to intruding viruses. The intracellular pathogen recognition receptors RIG-I and MDA5 are essential for interferon induction by viral RNAs containing 5' triphosphates or double-stranded structures, respectively. Viruses with a negative-stranded RNA genome are an important group of pathogens causing emerging and re-emerging diseases. We investigated the ability of genomic RNAs from substantial representatives of this virus group to induce interferon via RIG-I or MDA5. RNAs isolated from particles of Ebola virus, Nipah virus, Lassa virus, and Rift Valley fever virus strongly activated the interferon-beta promoter. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that interferon induction depended on RIG-I, but not MDA5, and phosphatase treatment revealed a requirement for the RNA 5' triphosphate group. In contrast, genomic RNAs of Hantaan virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Borna disease virus did not trigger interferon induction. Sensitivity of these RNAs to a 5' monophosphate-specific exonuclease indicates that the RIG-I-activating 5' triphosphate group was removed post-transcriptionally by a viral function. Consequently, RIG-I is unable to bind the RNAs of Hantaan virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Borna disease virus. These results establish RIG-I as a major intracellular recognition receptor for the genome of most negative-strand RNA viruses and define the cleavage of triphosphates at the RNA 5' end as a strategy of viruses to evade the innate immune response.
A male accessory gland peptide with protease inhibitory activity in Drosophila funebris (1989)

Male accessory glands of Drosophila funebris synthesize and secrete a peptide that shows a protease-inhibiting activity. Amino acid sequencing of the purified peptide revealed that the peptide consists of 63 amino acid residues. It is a serine protease inhibitor belonging to the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family. The inhibitory function and the kinetic characteristics of the inhibition have been examined with various substrates. The peptide possibly plays a role as an acrosin inhibitor involved in Drosophila reproduction.
Susceptibility of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I‐infected cells to humanized anti‐CD30 monoclonal antibodies <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2009)

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of activated CD4(+) T cells associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection. No conventional chemotherapy regimen has appeared successful in patients with ATL, thus establishing effective therapy is urgently required. In some cases, ATL tumor cells express CD30 on the cell surface, therefore, a therapy with mAb against CD30 would be beneficial. To investigate the effect of CD30-mediated therapy on ATL, we assessed SGN-30, a chimeric anti-CD30 mAb, and SGN-35, a monomethyl auristatin E-conjugated anti-CD30 mAb, in vitro and in vivo. Three HTLV-I-infected cell lines were co-cultured with SGN-30 or SGN-35, and the growth-inhibitory effects on the HTLV-I-infected cells were evaluated using an in vitro cell proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. SGN-30 and SGN-35 showed growth-inhibitory activity against the HTLV-I-infected cell lines by apoptosis and/or cell growth arrest in vitro. To further investigate the effects of SGN-30 and SGN-35 on HTLV-I-infected cells in vivo, we used NOD/SCID mice subcutaneously engrafted with HTLV-I-infected cells. Both mAbs significantly inhibited the growth of HTLV-I-infected cell tumors in the NOD/SCID murine xenograft models. These data suggest that CD30-mediated therapy with SGN-30 or SGN-35 would be useful for patients with ATL.