gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
21-Thiatetra-p-tolylporphyrin and its copper(II) bicarbonate complex. Structural effects of copper-thiophene binding (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT21-Thiatetra-p-tolylporphyrin and its copper(II) bicarbonate complex. Structural effects of copper-thiophene bindingLechoslaw Latos-Grazynski, Jerzy Lisowski, Marilyn M. Olmstead, and Alan L. BalchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 14, 4428–4429Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00248a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00248a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views558Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Querying annotated speech corpora (2004)

This paper is concerned with querying annotated speech corpora. A growing number of such corpora is currently being created worldwide; however, their usefulness for a wider research community is restricted by the lack of standard tools for creating, editing, annotating, storing and querying them. Two solutions for these problems are presented here: the XML-based data format TASX for corpus creation and data format exchange and the NXT search tool for querying corpora. Both tools have been applied to the multi-level annotated LeaP corpus of non-native speech.
Interpass rolling of Ti-6Al-4V wire + arc additively manufactured features for microstructural refinement (2018)

In-process deformation methods such as rolling can be used to refine the large columnar grains that form when wire + arc additively manufacturing (WAAM) titanium alloys. Due to the laterally restrained geometry, application to thick walls and intersecting features required the development of a new ‘inverted profile’ roller. A larger radii roller increased the extent of the recrystallised area, providing a more uniform grain size, and higher loads increased the amount of refinement. Electron backscatter diffraction showed that the majority of the strain is generated toward the edges of the rolled groove, up to 3 mm below the rolled surface. These results will help facilitate future optimisation of the rolling process and industrialisation of WAAM for large-scale titanium components.
Variation of blaze of concave diffraction gratings (1981)

The change in blaze wavelength as a function of position on a blazed concave diffraction grating surface is discussed. An experimental study of ruled and interferometric blazed concave gratings showed that the change in blaze across the grating surface is much less for an interferometric grating than for a ruled grating. Thus interferometric gratings can be expected to have a more uniform distribution of efficiency across their surfaces.
Water treeing in thermally preoxidized cross-linked polyethene cable insulation (2002)

The authors report results of water treeing tests on the insulation of unaged, cross-linked polyethene cable which had been thermally preoxidized to levels typical of those measured in field-aged cable insulations after several years of service. The tests showed that moderate levels of oxidation present in the insulation prior to voltage aging have no significant effect on initiation and growth of vented water trees. However, preoxidized specimens grew fewer and shorter bow-tie trees than nonpreoxidized specimens. Insulation tested at a lower electric stress exhibited larger retention of the initial breakdown strength after aging than the insulation tested at a higher stress even though the lengths of the water trees were comparable for both insulations. For all preoxidation conditions water treeing caused some depletion of the antioxidant from the insulation. Nonpreoxidized specimens did not show any excess of oxidation with time of electrical aging even after development of very heavy treeing. However, preoxidized samples did show increasing oxidation inside water treed regions as compared with electrically unaged specimens.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Probabilistic techniques for constraint satisfaction problems (2009)

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are at the core of many tasks with direct practical relevance, such as hardware and software verification, planning, and scheduling to name a few. The two main solution paradigms for solving such problems are based on backtrack-style search and local search. However, recently, a new powerful technique, called survey propagation (SP), was introduced. SP can solve certain classes of problem instances with millions of variables and constraints. This discovery raised a question of whether the traditional techniques are the best one can do when tackling large and important constraint satisfaction problems. 
This dissertation discusses non-traditional approaches to solving CSPs. The techniques we use include probabilistic inference, statistical tools and a combination of systematic and local search. We provide a new derivation of SP based on purely combinatorial insights. Our method also enables us to derive SP-style procedures for a diverse range of constraint satisfaction problems, and provides insights into structure of solution spaces. The second part of the dissertation describes approaches to counting number of solutions of a CSP with the help of Belief Propagation and statistics. We also provide a novel hybrid algorithm for minimizing the number of violated constraints, which employs both systematic and local search, harnessing their complementary strengths. These methods are the most scalable algorithms for certain hard to solve classes of Boolean satisfiability (SAT), model counting (#SAT), and maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) problems.
Role of Innate Immunity in Triggering and Tuning of Autoimmune Diabetes (2009)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease resulting from the specific destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells, culminating in a state of hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Pathogenesis of T1D comprises complex series of events from the initial sensitization of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to beta-cell antigens to almost total insulin deficiency due to islet destruction. Although it is established that the interaction of environmental factors with genetic traits plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T1D, in most cases, the exact trigger of anti-islet autoimmunity and how genetic and environmental factors regulate its progression, ultimately leading to the development of T1D remain elusive. In this review, based on the recent advances in understanding the role of innate immunity in development of autoimmune diseases, we focus on the possibility that aberrant regulation of the innate immune system frequently observed in animal models and patients with T1D, induces T1D by triggering anti-islet autoimmunity in the context of the autoimmune-prone environment; this information might provide an insight into possibilities for therapeutic intervention modulating innate immunity to mitigate or prevent T1D.
Effect of differentiation on the expression of a nucleolar antigen with a molecular weight of 145,000 in HL-60 cells. (1987)

Mr 145,000 nucleolar protein antigen (p145) is associated with growing cells (R. L. Ochs et al., J. Cell Biol., 101: 211a, 1985) and has been found in a broad range of human cancers (J. W. Freeman et al., Cancer Res., 46: 3593-3598, 1986). In this study the presence of nucleolar antigen p145 was examined in the human promyelocytic tumor cell line HL-60 which was induced to differentiate by retinoic acid. Differentiation was monitored by morphological changes, [3H]thymidine accumulation, the ability of cells to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, and cell number. The monoclonal antibody to nucleolar antigen p145 produced bright immunofluorescence in all cycling interphase HL-60 cells; during mitosis only diffuse staining was detected. Nucleolar antigen p145 in HL-60 cells was undetectable after 132 h of treatment with retinoic acid. The absence of nucleolar antigen p145 was associated with an 81% decline in thymidine accumulation and apparent inactivation of ribosomal and nonribosomal DNA transcription as observed by electron microscopy. The loss in expression of the antigen also correlated with increased nitroblue tetrazolium-positive cells, appearance of morphologically distinct myeloid cells, and termination of cell proliferation. These data indicate that the expression of nucleolar antigen p145 occurred in cycling HL-60 cells but not in terminally differentiated noncycling HL-60 cells.
Shape and Feature Size Control of Colloidal Crystal-Based Patterns Using Stretched Polydimethylsiloxane Replica Molds (2009)

In this work, we fabricated various patterns using colloidal crystals as master molds via the soft lithography method. Even though colloidal crystals consist of spherical colloidal particles, nonspherical shaped patterns such as rectangular or elongated hexagonal shaped patterns can be fabricated using a stretched polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replica mold. The pattern shape and feature size can be easily controlled by changing the stretching axis and ratio of the PDMS replica mold. The deformations of the PDMS mold were simulated using the finite element method, and they are consistent with experimental results. The elongated patterns were used as templates to offer new types of colloidal crystal superlattice structures. A proposed pattern-control method will significantly expand the usefulness and diversity of micro/nanopatterning technology.
Hyperpolarized129Xe NMR as a probe for blood oxygenation (2000)

Optically enhanced NMR with (129)Xe and (3)He is emerging as a novel and promising technique for medical imaging of lungs and other tissues. Here it is shown that hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR provides a powerful means of measuring blood oxygenation quantitatively and noninvasively. The interaction of xenon with hemoglobin is responsible for an oxygen-dependent NMR shift of (129)Xe in red blood cells, in sharp contrast to the current model of xenon-hemoglobin binding. This effect could be exploited in brain functional studies, and in the assessment of conditions and diseases affected by blood oxygenation.
The discovery and development of the CRISPR system in applications in genome manipulation (2016)

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) associated 9 (Cas9) system is a microbial adaptive immune system that has been recently developed for genomic engineering. From the moment the CRISPR system was discovered in Escherichia coli, the drive to understand the mechanism prevailed, leading to rapid advancement in the knowledge and applications of the CRISPR system. With the ability to characterize and understand the function of the Cas9 endonuclease came the ability to adapt the CRISPR-Cas9 system for use in a variety of applications and disciplines ranging from agriculture to biomedicine. This review will provide a brief overview of the discovery and development of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in applications such as genome regulation and epigenome engineering, as well as the challenges faced.
REVIEWS (1973)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access MIDDLE EAST LIBRARIES COMMITTIEE, Middle East and Islam: a Bibliographical Introduction, ed. D. HOPWOOD and D. Grimwood-Jones (Bibliotheca Asiatica 9). 1972. Pp. [V]+viii+368. ( zug, Inter Documentation Co. Price: £6.70.) D. BRADY D. BRADY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume XVIII, Issue 2, AUTUMN 1973, Pages 314–317, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/XVIII.2.314 Published: 01 October 1973
Lyssavirus Matrix Protein Induces Apoptosis by a TRAIL-Dependent Mechanism Involving Caspase-8 Activation (2004)

Lyssaviruses, which are members of the Rhabdoviridae family, induce apoptosis, which plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of rabies. However, the mechanisms by which these viruses mediate neuronal apoptosis have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that the early induction of apoptosis in a model of lyssavirus-infected neuroblastoma cells involves a TRAIL-dependent pathway requiring the activation of caspase-8 but not of caspase-9 or caspase-10. The activation of caspase-8 results in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6, as shown by an increase in the cleavage of the specific caspase substrate in lyssavirus-infected cells. However, neither caspase-1 nor caspase-2 activity was detected during the early phase of infection. Lyssavirus-mediated cell death involves an interaction between TRAIL receptors and TRAIL, as demonstrated by experiments using neutralizing antibodies and soluble decoy TRAIL-R1/R2 receptors. We also demonstrated that the decapsidation and replication of lyssavirus are essential for inducing apoptosis, as supported by UV inactivation, cycloheximide treatment, and the use of bafilomycin A1 to inhibit endosomal acidification. Transfection of cells with the matrix protein induced apoptosis using pathways similar to those described in the context of viral infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that the matrix protein of lyssaviruses plays a major role in the early induction of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by the release of a soluble, active form of TRAIL. In our model, Fas ligand (CD95L) appears to play a limited role in lyssavirus-mediated neuroblastoma cell death. Similarly, tumor necrosis factor alpha does not appear to play an important role.
BINAURAL SIMULATIONS USING AUDIO RATE FDTD SCHEMES AND CUDA (2012)

Three dimensional ﬁnite difference time domain schemes can be used as an approach to spatial audio simulation. By embedding a model of the human head in a 3D computational space, such simulations can emulate binaural sound localisation. This approach normally relies on using high sample rates to give ﬁnely detailed models, and is computationally intensive.<br/>This paper examines the use of head models within audio rate FDTD schemes, ranging from 176.4 down to 44.1 kHz. Using GPU computing with Nvidia’s CUDA architecture, simulations can be accelerated many times over a serial computation in C. This allows efﬁcient, dynamic simulations to be produced where sounds can be moved around during the runtime. Sound examples have been generated by placing a personalised head model inside an anechoic cube. At the lowest sample rate, 44.1 kHz, localisation is clear in the horizontal plane but much less so in the other dimensions. At 176.4, there is far greater three dimensional depth, with perceptible front to back, and some vertical movement.
Identification of Glypican as a Dual Modulator of the Biological Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factors (1997)

Heparan sulfate moieties of cell-surface proteoglycans modulate the biological responses to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). We have reported previously that cell-associated heparan sulfates inhibit the binding of the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), but enhance the binding of acidic FGF to the KGF receptor, both in keratinocytes, which naturally express this receptor, and in rat myoblasts, which ectopically express it (Reich-Slotky, R., Bonneh-Barkay, D., Shaoul, E., Berman, B., Svahn, C. M., and Ron, D. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 32279-32285). The proteoglycan bearing these modulatory heparan sulfates was purified to homogeneity from salt extracts of rat myoblasts by anion-exchange and FGF affinity chromatography and was identified as rat glypican. Affinity-purified glypican augmented the binding of acidic FGF and basic FGF to human FGF receptor-1 in a cell-free system. This effect was abolished following digestion of glypican by heparinase. Addition of purified soluble glypican effectively replaced heparin in supporting basic FGF-induced cellular proliferation of heparan sulfate-negative cells expressing recombinant FGF receptor-1. In keratinocytes, glypican strongly inhibited the mitogenic response to KGF while enhancing the response to acidic FGF. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that glypican plays an important role in regulating the biological activity of fibroblast growth factors and that, for different growth factors, glypican can either enhance or suppress cellular responsiveness.
Addressing the challenge of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. (2009)

During the last decade, community-acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, and in particular Escherichia coli producing ESBLs of the CTX-M-type, have spread worldwide. These organisms are most often isolated from the urinary tract, but have also been isolated from bacteria in the blood. Cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-containing treatments are the two most common risk factors identified in patients with ESBL producers. In addition, associated resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents are often observed in CTX-M producers, limiting the availability of therapeutic options. Carbapenems should be considered as the drug of choice for treating serious systemic infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria, but preventing the spread of and appropriately managing these infections remains difficult.
A Splice Variant of Estrogen Receptor   Missing Exon 3 Displays Altered Subnuclear Localization and Capacity for Transcriptional Activation (2001)

There are two separate estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. The ERβ gene is variably spliced, and in some cases variant expression is high. Besides the full-length ERβ (equivalent to ERβ1), splice variants can encode proteins bearing an insert within the ligand-binding domain (β2), a deletion of exon 3 (ERβ1δ3) disrupting the DNA-binding domain, or both (ERβ2δ3). Here we examine the intracellular localization and transcriptional properties of each of the ERβ splice variants heterologously expressed in cultured cells. In accordance with ERα, ERβ1 and ERβ2 are both distributed in a reticular pattern within the nucleus after exposure to ligand. In contrast, ERβ1δ3 and ERβ2δ3 localize to discrete spots within the nucleus in the presence of ER agonists. In the presence of ER antagonists, the δ3 variants are distributed diffusely within the nucleus. We also show that the spots are stable nuclear structures to which the δ3 variants localize in a ligand-dependent manner. Coactivator proteins of ER colocalize with δ3 variants in the spots in the presence of agonists. The δ3 variants of ERβ can activate luciferase reporter constructs containing an activator protein complex-1 site, but not an estrogen response element (ERE). These data suggest that without an intact DNA-binding domain, ERβ is functionally altered, allowing localization to discrete nuclear spots and activation from activator protein-1-containing reporter genes.
APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM DECONVOLUTION METHOD TO COPPER FLUORIDE ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION EFFICIENCY DATA (1983)

Deconvolution is a technique used in many fields. In spectroscopy, deconvolution is used to unfold the broaden effect caused by the measuring instruments. Consequently, the resolution of the spectra will enhance. In electron impact (EI) ionization, deconvolution is used to totally or partially remove the Boltzmann type thermal electron energy spreading of the EI data. In this study five deconvolution methods were investigated. They were serial division method, inverse convolver method, electron energy distribution difference method, iterative deconvolution method, and Fourier transform deconvolution method. An EAI QUAD 250 mass spectrometer was used to collect the EI data of calibrant gases and the high temperature copper fluorides. A PDP8/e minicomputer was interfaced to the mass spectrometer for data acquisition and signal averaging. The signal averaging data was then deconvoluted using a Sigma-9 computer. Prior to the application of deconvolution to an experimental data, a synthetic data was used to study the iterative deconvolution method and the Fourier transform method. The effect of several parameters on the deconvolution result was identified. In the study of experimental data, Fourier transform deconvolution and iterative method of data smoothing were used. The electron energy spreading, called the instrument function (IF), was obtained from the second derivative of helium ionization efficiency (IE) data. Th IF obtained from this mass spectrometer was different from the Boltzmann type of energy distribution. The unfolded spectra were obtained by deconvoluting the signal averaging EI data with the instrument function. From the unfolded spectra, the high temperature ionization potential and appearance potential of copper monofluoride were determined.
Rectification, Photoconductivity, and Photovoltaic Effect in Semiconducting Diamond (1958)

Studies of the rectification between a metal point and $p$-type semiconducting diamond show that the formation of the potential barrier is essentially independent of the work function of the metal. The rectifying barrier apparently is formed by the establishment of equilibrium between charges in surface and interior states as proposed by Bardeen for the case of silicon. The semiconducting diamonds are photoconducting in the ultraviolet and visible regions with the maxima occurring at 224, 228, 640, and 890 m\ensuremath{\mu}. Generally, diamonds have not been observed to be photoconducting in the visible region; however, it has been observed that in some cases an enhancement of conductivity induced by ultraviolet radiation results upon simultaneous irradiation with red light. There is agreement between the spectral response of photoconductivity and photovoltages developed at metal contacts with the exception that photovoltages developed near 440 m\ensuremath{\mu} were not obtained in photoconductivity.
Super-Capacitor Stacks Management System With Dynamic Equalization Techniques (2006)

Super capacitor has the advantage of quick charge, large power density, and long cycle life. The shortage is the lower energy density compared with electrochemistry batteries. These features make it suitable for a short-distance electric bus used in the city. Because of the capacitance difference between the capacitor cells, after a number of deep discharging/charging cycles, the voltage difference between cells will be enlarged. This will accelerate the aging of the weak super capacitors and affect the output power. So, a management system with an equalization function is essential. In this paper, a practical super-capacitor stacks management system with dynamic equalization techniques is proposed. The function of the management system includes: monitoring the current, voltage, and temperature of the stacks, control of charge, and discharge with equalization online. A switched-capacitor equalization approach is adopted showing a low-cost way to meet the accuracy requirements. The dynamic equalized charging and discharging circuit is described. The algorithm to increase the operation speed and the precision is analyzed. By dynamically redistributing the current, the equalization procedure can be quicker and more efficient. This approach has been verified by experiments