gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A magnetoelastic metallic glass low-frequency magnetometer (1992)

A complete theoretical analysis is presented of the operation of a magnetoelastic amorphous metal low-frequency magnetic field sensor. This directional magnetometer is a hybrid device consisting of a piezoelectric plate, a field-annealed amorphous metal ribbon, and a viscous fluid, and it exhibits a low-frequency magnetic field detection level of 8.0 pT/ square root Hz at 1.0 Hz. The sensor may also be configured as a first- and second-order gradiometer. The device analysis focuses on the influence of the constituent materials on the magnetometer performance, identifying potential noise sources and optimal design parameters. This analysis may be applied to a variety of magnetoelastic amorphous metal sensors, e.g. stress, strain, and torque sensors, and is also useful in research concerning fundamental aspects of magnetoelasticity. Experimental data are presented demonstrating the performance of magnetometers constructed with amorphous metal ribbons exhibiting striped and closure domain structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of anticoagulant proteins from cobra venom (Naja nigricollis). Identity with phospholipases A2. (1980)

Three anticoagulant proteins were isolated from the venom of Naja nigricollis (spitting cobra). The peaks of anticoagulant activity co-chromatographed with phospholipase A2 activities. The three proteins were homogeneous by the criteria of electrophoresis in two acidic polyacrylamide gel systems. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate also yielded single protein bands with molecular weights of about 15,000. The amino acid compositions of the three anticoagulant proteins are reported. All three proteins have only one amino acid replacement in the first 25 to 30 amino acids of their NH2-terminal sequences, compared to the sequence of the basic phospholipase from N. nigricollis venom. Removal of Ca2+ from the crude venom caused loss of both anticoagulant and phospholipase activities, and restoration of Ca2+ caused partial recovery of both activities. Both activities were lost in parallel when the venom was heated between pH 6.0 and 8.5. The association of the anticoagulant effect with phospholipase activity contradicts the previous conclusion that phospholipase is not responsible for the anticoagulant action of cobra venom. The previous results might be explained by independence of the anticoagulant and phospholipase effects within the same protein molecule, or by different activity levels of monomer and dimer forms of the enzyme.
LDA system for in-flight local velocity measurements on airplane wings (2003)

The development of laminar wing technology requires wind tunnel studies with numerical flow simulations and in-flight measurements. A strategy for in-flight flow measurements is outlined. It is shown that laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) is well suited for providing the desired local velocity information, but must be specifically adapted for the various spatial, geometrical, and power constraints imposed by the test aircraft. This program yielded two optical units suitable for in-flight velocity measurements on airplane wings. Laboratory and free flight measurements studying boundary layer transition on an airplane wing downstream of an excitation source were successfully carried out and a summary of results is presented. Finally, suggestions for further advancements of LDA systems are proposed.
Conformationally Rigid Diamide Complexes of Zirconium:  Electron Deficient Analogues of Cp<sub>2</sub>Zr (1996)

Zirconium complexes bearing a pyridine−diamide ligand [2,6-(RNCH2)2NC5H3]2- (R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl (BDEP), 2,6-dimethylphenyl) have been synthesized. The mixed amide complexes [2,6-(RNCH2)2NC5H3]Zr(NMe2)2 are prepared in high yield from [2,6-(RHNCH2)2NC5H3] and Zr(NMe2)4. The mixed amides react with excess ClSiMe3 to afford the dichlorides [2,6-(RNCH2)2NC5H3]ZrCl2 in nearly quantitative yield. Dimethyl complexes are prepared from [2,6-(RNCH2)2NC5H3]ZrCl2 and 2 equiv of MeMgBr. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of (BDEP)ZrMe2 revealed a distorted trigonal bipyramid structure with the amides occupying the axial positions. The frontier orbitals of a model of the fragment (BDEP)Zr are very similar the those of Cp2Zr, suggesting that complexes bearing the pyridine−diamide ligand may behave as sources of Cp2Zr.
Brain delivery of biotinylated NGF bounded to an avidin-transferrin conjugate. (2000)

Recent study showed that transferrin receptors were concentrated on the plasma membrane of brain endothelia cells and mediated transcytosis of transferrin (Tf) through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This property allows the transferrin to act as the brain drug transporter vector. The present investigation examined the pharmacokinetic behavior of nerve growth factor (NGF), which was conjugated to transferrin by the avidin/biotin technology, especially its brain-uptake efficiency. The area under the plasma concentration curve and the mean residence time were not significantly different for either bio-NGF or bio-NGF/AV-Tf. At the first hour after single intravenous injection, the BBB permeability surface area product of bio-NGF/AV-Tf was 0.77 microliter/min/g; it was about 8-fold higher than that of bio-NGF, and equal to that of AV-OX26. The delivery of bio-NGF/AV-Tf to brain was 0.075% of injected dose per gram brain, and it was 5-fold higher than that of bio-NGF, and 2-fold higher than that of AV-OX26. In summary, these studies demonstrated that the use of Tf as brain drug delivery vector was as effective in transporting biotinylated therapeutics as OX26, and avoided the disadvantages of its antigenicity.
Clock drift estimation and compensation for asynchronous impulse response measurements (2017)

The impulse response (IR) of an acoustic environment or audio device can be measured by recording its response to a known test signal. Ideally, the same digital clock should be used for playback and recording to ensure synchronous digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion. When measuring the acoustic performance of a hardware device, be it for audio input to a device microphone or audio output from a device speaker, it is often difficult to access the device's audio signal path electronically. Therefore, the device-under-test (DUT) has to act either as a playback or recording device for the IR measurement. However, it may be impossible to synchronise the internal clock of the DUT with the reference clock of the measurement system. As a result, the recorded DUT response may be subject to unknown clock drift which may lead to undesired artefacts in the measured IR. Here, a method is proposed for estimating the drift between a playback and recording clock directly from the recorded response to obtain a drift-compensated IR. Experimental results from IR measurements of a DUT subject to clock drift indicate that the proposed method successfully estimates the drift rate and yields an accurate IR estimate in magnitude and phase.
B Cell Depletion with Anti-CD79 mAbs Ameliorates Autoimmune Disease in MRL/ <i>lpr</i> Mice (2008)

MRL/lpr mice develop a spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune syndrome due to a dysfunctional Fas receptor, with contributions from other less well-defined genetic loci. The removal of B cells by genetic manipulation not only prevents autoantibody formation, but it also results in substantially reduced T cell activation and kidney inflammation. To determine whether B cell depletion by administration of Abs is effective in lupus mice with an intact immune system and established disease, we screened several B cell-specific mAbs and found that a combination of anti-CD79alpha and anti-CD79beta Abs was most effective at depleting B cells in vivo. Anti-CD79 therapy started at 4-5 mo of age in MRL/lpr mice significantly decreased B cells (B220(+)CD19(+)) in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleens. Treated mice also had a significant increase in the number of both double-negative T cells and naive CD4(+) T cells, and a decreased relative abundance of CD4(+) memory cells. Serum anti-chromatin IgG levels were significantly decreased compared with controls, whereas serum anti-dsDNA IgG, total IgG, or total IgM were unaffected. Overall, survival was improved with lower mean skin scores and significantly fewer focal inflammatory infiltrates in submandibular salivary glands and kidneys. Anti-CD79 mAbs show promise as a potential treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus and as a model for B cell depletion in vivo.
Structure of nanocrystalline materials using atomic pair distribution function analysis: Study of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">LiMoS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2002)

The structure of ${\mathrm{LiMoS}}_{2}$ has been experimentally determined. The approach of atomic pair distribution function analysis was used because of the lack of well-defined Bragg peaks due to the short structural coherence (\ensuremath{\sim}50 \AA{}) in this intercalation compound. The reduction of Mo by Li results in Mo-Mo bonding with the formation of chains of distorted $\mathrm{Mo}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ octahedra. Using refined structural parameters the electronic band structure for this material has been calculated and is in good agreement with observed material properties.
Binding of C3 and C3dg to the CR2 complement receptor induces growth of an Epstein-Barr virus-positive human B cell line. (1988)

Abstract The effect of ligand interactions with the C3d/C3dg complement receptor (CR2) on proliferation of human B lymphoblastoid cells was investigated by using cell cultures performed at low density (1 to 1.5 x 10(3) cells/ml) in a serum-free defined medium to which only transferrin had been added. This medium does not allow proliferation of Raji cells which die within 48 hr with formation of polykaryons. Addition of purified human C3 to the cultures resulted in a dose-dependent proliferation of the cells. A steady growth of Raji cells with a doubling time of 36 hr was observed in cultures containing 10 micrograms/ml of C3. A growth rate similar to that observed in the presence of native C3 was found in the presence of equimolar concentrations of purified C3dg but not of C3c. F(ab')2 anti-C3d but not F(ab')2 anti-C3c antibodies inhibited the mitogenic effect of C3. Preincubation of Raji cells with monoclonal antibody OKB7 which directly inhibits the binding of C3dg to CR2, totally suppressed C3-induced growth of the cells. C3 did not enhance growth of the T lymphoma-derived cell line JM and monocytic cell line U937 which do not express CR2. These results provide direct evidence that the interaction between CR2 and C3 fragments stimulates proliferation of human cells of the B lineage. Because CR2 also acts as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus on B cells, our results may pertain to the B cell mitogenic properties of the virus.
Effect of relaying on capacity improvement in wireless local area networks (2005)

Wireless relay nodes can improve the capacity of wireless networks. In this work, we integrate wireless relay nodes into the infrastructure of a wireless local area network (WLAN). In particular, we investigate the effect of different relay strategies and optimal utilization of a fixed number of immobile relay nodes, which maximizes the expected throughput capacity of the network. We study how the number of relay nodes, the range of users, transmission power, path loss exponent, and traffic characteristics affect the optimal relay node placement and expected throughput capacity of the network. Our results show that a time-division relay strategy can far outperform a receive-and-retransmit relay strategy. Furthermore, for a wide range of system parameters, optimally placed relay nodes can significantly increase the network expected throughput capacity.
Design of a circularly polarised radio-frequency identification reader antenna with high return loss (2011)

A circularly polarised (CP), radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna with high return loss (RL) is presented. The antenna consists of a dual-polarised microstrip patch with high isolation and a Wilkinson power divider with a 90° phase shift between its two outputs. A novel analytical approach is developed for improving the RL of the dual-feed CP antenna and verified experimentally by fabricating and measuring a prototype antenna. The experimental results show that the RL of the prototype antenna is more than 30 dB over the frequency range of 866–936 MHz, which fully covers the bandwidth of North America (902–928 MHz) as well as South Korea (917–923.5 MHz) for a passive ultra-high-frequency RFID system. The peak antenna gain is above 8.1 dBic and the axial ratio is below 0.7 dB over the frequency range of 902–928 MHz.
A Stable High-Index Surface of Silicon: Si(5 5 12) (1995)

A stable high-index surface of silicon, Si(5 5 12), is described. This surface forms a 2 x 1 reconstruction with one of the largest unit cells ever observed, 7.7 angstroms by 53.5 angstroms. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals that the 68 surface atoms per 2 x 1 unit cell are reconstructed only on a local scale. A complete structural model for the surface is proposed, incorporating a variety of features known to exist on other stable silicon surfaces. Simulated STM images based on this model have been computed by first-principles electronic-structure methods and show excellent agreement with experiment.
The association between mortality and abdominal aortic calcification and relation between its progression and serum calcium concentration in chronic hemodialysis patients (2014)

Patients with an AAC score of>8 at baseline seem to be at higher risk of mortality during follow-up. Of the serum variables examined, such as corrected calcium, phosphate, and corrected calcium×phosphate, corrected calcium was found to be marginally associated with AAC progression. However, a larger-scale prospective study is required to confirm our findings.
The effect of pressure and clay on the crystallization behavior and kinetics of polyamide‐6 in nanocomposites (2002)

Abstract The crystallization kinetics of polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) and its nanocomposite (PNC) with 2% clay were studied, using a pressure dilatometer (50 MPa to 200 MPa) to follow the volume changes associated with the crystallization process. Isobaric experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of pressure and clay on melting temperature ( T m ) and crystallization temperature ( T a ) of PA‐6. The melting temperatures of PA‐6 in the PNC were very close to those of PA‐6 alone at comparable pressures, but the crystallization temperatures in the PNC were lower than those of PA‐6 alone. The materials exhibited two crystallization zones in isothermal/isobaric experiments. The initial zone involved both the γ‐form and the α‐form of PA‐6, while in the latter zone the γ‐form was dominant. The Avrami equation was used to fit the isothermal/isobaric crystallization data. The Avrami exponent n was between 1.0 and 3.2 for the γ‐form of unfilled PA‐6, between 0.9 and 2.6 for the γ‐form in PNC and for the γ‐form of PA‐6 alone, n was between 1.0 and 2.1 and in PNC between 1.2 and 2.6. The Avrami rate constants ( K ) for PA‐6 and PNC depend on the experimental crystallization temperature as well as pressure. The rate of crystallization under similar conditions was higher for PNC. Infrared studies on compression molded PA‐6 and PNC samples, cooled from melt at different rates, confirm the formation of the γ‐form in the initial stages of crystallization, as well as its transformation into the α‐form at later stages. In the case of PNC, the γ‐form stabilized when the sample was quenched from melt.
Approximate Reasoning in Engineering Decision Analysis (1988)

In this paper, the concept and methods of approximate reasoning are reviewed and discussed. The methodology of combining precise results of exact analysis, approximate solutions of exact or numerical analysis, imprecise data, and expert opinion is introduced and reviewed. In addition, an example relevant to structural safety and reliability is presented.
Thioesterase Activity and Acyl-CoA/Fatty Acid Cross-talk of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α (2005)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) activity is modulated by natural and xenobiotic fatty acid and fatty acyl-CoA ligands as a function of their chain length, unsaturation, and substitutions. The acyl-CoA site of HNF-4alpha is reported here to consist of the E-F domain, to bind long-chain acyl-CoAs but not the respective free acids, and to catalyze the hydrolysis of bound fatty acyl-CoAs. The free acid pocket, previously reported in the x-ray structure of HNF-4alpha E-domain, entraps fatty acids but excludes acyl-CoAs. The acyl-CoA and free acid sites are distinctive and noncongruent. Free fatty acid products of HNF-4alpha thioesterase may exchange with free acids entrapped in the fatty acid pocket of HNF-4alpha. Cross-talk between the acyl-CoA and free fatty acid binding sites is abrogated by high affinity, nonhydrolyzable acyl-CoA ligands of HNF-4alpha that inhibit its thioesterase activity. Hence, HNF-4alpha transcriptional activity is controlled by its two interrelated acyl ligands and two binding sites interphased in tandem by the thioesterase activity. The acyl-CoA/free-acid and receptor/enzyme duality of HNF-4alpha extends the paradigm of nuclear receptors.
Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Production and Tumor Cell Invasion by Four Monoclonal Antibodies Against Different Epitopes of HAb18G/CD147 Extracellular Domain (2006)

HAb18G/CD147, a membrane spanning molecule and highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, was shown to stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the interaction of tumor cells and fibroblasts. Studies on the EMMPRIN/CD147 showed that CD147 extracellular domain is involved in the induction of MMPs. To study the biological molecular function of HAb18G/CD147 extracellular domain (HAb18G/CD147-ED) on production of MMPs following mediated tumor cell invasion, we isolated four novel monoclonal anibodies (MAbs)-1B3, 3B3, HAb18Gedomab1, and HAb18Gedomab2-against HAb18G/CD147-ED by immunization of BALB/c mice with purified HAb18G/CD147-ED fragments, which were efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. Gelatin zymography and Boyden chamber assays were used to identify the production of MMPs in the co-cultured human fibroblast and HCC cells, and to quantify the migrated cells in the presence of the generated MAbs. The results showed that two MAbs (1B3 and 3B3) inhibited [corrected] the secretion of MMP-2 and [corrected] the HCC cell invasion, whereas the other two MAbs (HAb18Gedomab1 and HAb18Gedomab2) had reverse function [corrected] FCM additive assay showed that four MAbs recognized different epitopes of HAb18G/CD147-ED. Taken together, the results suggest that various regions of HAb18G/CD147-ED participated in the regulation of MMP secretion.
<title>Temporal debugging and profiling of multimedia applications</title> (2001)

We present a temporal debugger, capable of examining time flow of applications in general-purpose computer systems. The debugger is attached to a complete system simulator, which models an entire workstation in sufficient detail to run commodity operating systems and workloads. Unlike traditional debuggers, a debugger operating on a simulated system does not disturb the timing of the target program, allowing reproducible experiments and large amounts of instrumentation and monitoring without intrusion. We have implemented the temporal debugger by modifying the GNU debugger to operate on applications in a simulated Linux system. Debugger implementation is difficult because the debugger expects application-related data, whereas the simulator provides low-level data. We introduce a technique, virtual machine translation, for mapping simulator data to the debugger by parsing operating system data structures in the simulated system. The debugger environment allows collection of performance statistics from multiple abstraction levels: hardware, operating system, and application level. We show how this data can be used to profile quality of service performance of a video decoder. The debugger is used to detect display jitter, and by correlating runtime statistics to image rendering time, we expose deviations when the application is unable to render an image in time, thereby locating the cause of the display jitter.
Adaptive gain control for high dynamic range image display (2002)

Realistic display of high dynamic range images without introducing any artifact is a hard problem. In this paper we address this problem using a detail preserving local gain control approach. Unlike many other local gain control methods available in the literature, our method is simple, and does not introduce ugly "halo" artifacts around the high dynamic range edges. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method by showing several examples.
Acidic‐pH‐Activatable Fluorescence Probes for Visualizing Exocytosis Dynamics (2014)

Live imaging of exocytosis dynamics is crucial for a precise spatiotemporal understanding of secretion phenomena, but current approaches have serious limitations. We designed and synthesized small-molecular fluorescent probes that were chemically optimized for sensing acidic intravesicular pH values, and established that they can be used to sensitively and reliably visualize vesicular dynamics following stimulation. This straightforward technique for the visualization of exocytosis as well as endocytosis/reacidification processes with high spatiotemporal precision is expected to be a powerful tool for investigating dynamic cellular phenomena involving changes in the pH value.
Neutron detection with water Cerenkov based detectors (2009)

Legitimate cross border trade involves the transport of an enormous number of cargo containers. Especially following the September 11 attacks, it has become an international priority to verify that these containers are not transporting Special Nuclear Material (SNM) without impeding legitimate trade. Fission events from SNM produce a number of neutrons and MeV-scale gammas correlated in time. The observation of consistent time correlations between neutrons and gammas emitted from a cargo container could, therefore, constitute a robust signature for SNM, since this time coincident signature stands out strongly against the higher rate of uncorrelated gamma-ray backgrounds from the local environment. We are developing a cost effective way to build very large neutron detectors for this purpose. We have recently completed the construction of two new water Cherenkov detectors, a 250 liter prototype and a new 4 ton detector. We present both the results from our prototype detector and an update on the newly commissioned large detector. We will also present pictures from the construction and outline our future detector development plans.