gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time 2D analog motion detector VLSI circuit (2003)

An analog VLSI implementation of real-time motion detection in early vision using a hybrid of the Reichardt and Ullman-Marr models has been fabricated. It has a 5*5 array of photoreceptors, with a receptor fill factor of 0.42. The majority of this circuit operates in strong inversion. The photosensors have squared logarithmic and linear responses for low and high intensity illumination, respectively. A linear passive resistive grid is used to implement the desired difference of Gaussian impulse response transfer function of the edge detection circuit whose dynamic range is 3 V. These outputs are used to determine the velocities of the translating objects. Velocities up to 2 m/s on chip corresponding to 6 m/s in space have been measured in 2D. The array has been fabricated in a 2 mu m n-well CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Do carboximide–carboxylic acid combinations form co-crystals? The role of hydroxyl substitution on the formation of co-crystals and eutectics (2015)

Carboxylic acids, amides and imides are key organic systems which provide understanding of molecular recognition and binding phenomena important in biological and pharmaceutical settings. In this context, studies of their mutual interactions and compatibility through co-crystallization may pave the way for greater understanding and new applications of their combinations. Extensive co-crystallization studies are available for carboxylic acid/amide combinations, but only a few examples of carboxylic acid/imide co-crystals are currently observed in the literature. The non-formation of co-crystals for carboxylic acid/imide combinations has previously been rationalized, based on steric and computed stability factors. In the light of the growing awareness of eutectic mixtures as an alternative outcome in co-crystallization experiments, the nature of various benzoic acid/cyclic imide combinations is established in this paper. Since an additional functional group can provide sites for new intermolecular inter-actions and, potentially, promote supramolecular growth into a co-crystal, benzoic acids decorated with one or more hydroxyl groups have been systematically screened for co-crystallization with one unsaturated and two saturated cyclic imides. The facile formation of an abundant number of hydroxybenzoic acid/cyclic carboximide co-crystals is reported, including polymorphic and variable stoichiometry co-crystals. In the cases where co-crystals did not form, the combinations are shown invariably to result in eutectics. The presence or absence and geometric disposition of hydroxyl functionality on benzoic acid is thus found to drive the formation of co-crystals or eutectics for the studied carboxylic acid/imide combinations.
Landsat-based analysis of mega dam flooding impacts in the Amazon compared to associated environmental impact assessments: Upper Madeira River example 2006–2015 (2017)

Hundreds of dams are currently under construction or have been built in the Brazilian Amazon with the purpose of fueling social development via hydroelectric power and the transport of goods along rivers. However, many times the environmental impact assessments used to approve these projects have omitted or grossly underestimated the impacts of these dams, leading to severe and often irreparable damage. As such we conducted a case study of the Santo Antônio and Jirau mega dams on the Madeira River in Rondônia, Brazil and used Landsat TM and OLI data to determine area covered by water along a 539 km stretch of the Madeira River from 2006 to 2015 (covering before and after the dams' construction). The classification method used in this study was modified based off of previous methods and provided a highly accurate water classification suggesting it to be a valuable way of accurately classifying water along with other land cover classes. We compared the water areas calculated from Landsat land cover maps to the environmental impact assessment estimations used to approve the dams' construction. This analysis showed the reservoirs to be at least 341 km2 (64.5%) larger than predicted with an additional 102 km2 of unpredicted flooding outside of the planned reservoir areas and 160 km2 more natural forest flooded than expected.
A new type of fuzzy controller based upon a fuzzy expert system shell FLOPS (2003)

The authors propose a type of fuzzy controller which is not based on existing fuzzy control theory. Instead, it is based on the general-purpose parallel rule-firing fuzzy logic production system shell, FLOPS. Several different process models are controlled by this fuzzy controller to evaluate its control performances. The performance of the proposed fuzzy controller is compared to that of a fine-tuned proportional-integral controller by using a first-order linear model. Theoretical aspects of the proposed fuzzy controller are studied using different kinds of fuzzy logic for evaluating the fuzzy control rules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION (1945)

Absorption tests indicated that the protective antibody (Type I) in four antimeningococcal horse sera corresponded closely to one of the components of the polysaccharide preparation previously isolated by the authors from Type I meningococci. This antibody was, however, a minor fraction in the three therapeutic sera tested, being secondary in amount to non-protective antibody corresponding to another component of the polysaccharide preparation, plus antibody corresponding to agar. In one case, removal of the agar-antibody diminished the protective titer by 30 per cent.
Fluorescence Properties of Carba Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide for Glucose Sensing (2012)

Carba nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (cNAD) may serve as a stable cofactor for the enzyme-based detection of glucose. Many characteristics of cNAD and its reduced form cNADH resemble those of NAD and NADH, respectively. The fluorescence lifetimes of cNADH are determined to be 0.32(2) ns and 0.66(3) ns compared to 0.28(2) ns and 0.60(3) ns for NADH, and the temperature dependence of these lifetimes hints towards identical processes for quenching. The maximum emission occurs at 464 nm for both cNADH and NADH and absorbance maxima are found at 360 nm and 340 nm, respectively. In contrast to previous suggestions the respective maximum extinction coefficient of cNADH equals that of NADH and amounts to 6.2(2) mM(-1) cm(-1). When changing from NADH to cNADH we observe a ~50% increase in quantum efficiency, which--together with the larger excitation wavelength and the higher stability--should make cNAD a well suited alternative as coenzyme for robust glucose detection.
Reaction of dithiazolium cations with sodium azide (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of dithiazolium cations with sodium azideJames E. OliverCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 22, 3465–3467Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00821a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00821a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, and ADMET Properties of 3‐Aminocyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones as Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) Antagonists (2018)

Herein we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-aminocyclohex-2-en-1-one derivatives as novel chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) antagonists. Thirteen out of 44 derivatives were found to inhibit CXCR2 downstream signaling in a Tango assay specific for CXCR2, with IC<sub>50</sub> values less than 10 μm. In silico ADMET prediction suggests that all active compounds possess drug-like properties. None of these compounds show significant cytotoxicity, suggesting their potential application in inflammatory mediated diseases. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) map has been generated to gain better understanding of their binding mechanism to guide further optimization of these new CXCR2 antagonists.
Fast Characterization Method for Modeling Battery Relaxation Voltage (2016)

After the end of a charging or discharging sequence, the battery voltage keeps evolving towards a finite value, during hours or even days, although no current is exchanged with the battery. This corresponds to the battery relaxation. In the context of electric vehicles (EV), a good measurement of the voltage at rest allows an accurate estimation of the battery state of charge (SoC). The characterization of the battery voltage at different levels of SoC after the full relaxation would be very time consuming. In this paper, a fast method to extrapolate long relaxation voltage is proposed. It needs only one complete measurement of relaxation at one given SoC and could give accurate voltage estimation at other states of charge from short and partial measurement. This generic method was validated on three different cells and could be easily extended to any type of battery.
Microsoft Project 2000 for Dummies (1997)

From the Publisher:
Includes sample project files and more on CD-ROM 
Packed with savvy tips on project management 
Make the most of Microsoft Project  and make every project a success Microsoft Project is a powerful tool for planning and managing projects  including really complicated projects. But where do you begin? Filled with plain-English explanations and tips on the latest program features, this friendly guide shows you how to put Project to work right away  and deliver results on time and under budget. all this on the bonus CD-ROM Author-created sample project files Trial versions of Visual Staff Scheduler Pro 4.0 and Project KickStart 2.05 Evaluation version of Paint Shop Pro PC running Windows 98, Windows NT 4 or later; CD-ROM drive; Microsoft Project 2000. See the CD Appendix for details and complete system requirements. Plus leading Internet tools 
Discover how to: Build a powerful project plan Report your project status using e-mail Map complex projects with confidence Create a budget and monitor costs Manage people and time efficiently 
Get smart!
Synthesis and Purification of 6-Ethoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-[1,5]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic Acid Benzylamide (2003)

The synthesis of 6-ethoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-[1,5]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide (1) on multikilogram scale is described. The major challenge for the synthesis of this quinolone GABA partial agonist was in the isolation of product of acceptable purity for clinical studies due to the insolubility of this compound. Also described are efforts to circumvent a high-temperature cyclization required for the synthesis of the quinolone ring system.
Lipid-modifying efficacy and tolerability of extended-release niacin/laropiprant in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia (2008)

Extended-release niacin/LRPT 2 g produced significant, durable improvements in multiple lipid/lipoprotein parameters. The improved tolerability of ERN/LRPT supports a simplified 1 g-->2 g dosing regimen of niacin, a therapy proven to reduce cardiovascular risk.
A comparative study of signal representations and classification techniques for speech recognition (1993)

The authors investigate the interactions of two important sets of techniques in speech recognition: signal representation and classification. In addition, in order to quantify the effect of the telephone network, experiments are performed on both wideband and telephone-quality speech. The spectral and cepstral signal processing techniques studied fall into a few major categories based on Fourier analyses, linear prediction, and auditory processing. The classification techniques examined are Gaussian, mixture Gaussians, and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). Results indicate that the MLP consistently produces lower error rates than the other two classifiers. When averaged across all three classifiers, the Bark auditory spectral coefficients (BASC) produce the lowest phonetic classification error rates. When evaluated in a stochastic segment framework using the MLP, BASC also produces the lowest word error rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transapical aortic valve implantation with a self-expanding anatomically oriented valve (2010)

This series established the feasibility of implanting a novel self-expanding transapical aortic valve prosthesis predictably into an anatomically correct position. Observed complications led to complete redesign of the delivery system for upcoming clinical studies with the goal of establishing safety and performance.
Participation of the lipoprotein receptor LRP1 in hypoxia-HSP90α autocrine signaling to promote keratinocyte migration (2009)

Hypoxia is a microenvironmental stress in many pathological conditions, including wound healing and tumor invasion. Under hypoxia, the cells are forced to adapt alternative and self-supporting mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to new insights into human disorders. We report here a novel autocrine signaling mechanism by which hypoxia promotes human keratinocyte (HK) migration. First, hypoxia triggers HKs to secrete heat shock protein 90-alpha (HSP90alpha) via a HIF1-dependent pathway. The secreted HSP90alpha in turn promotes migration, but not proliferation, of the cells. Disruption of the secretion or extracellular function of HSP90alpha blocked hypoxia-stimulated HK migration. The ubiquitously expressed surface receptor, LRP1 (LDL-receptor-related protein 1), mediates the HSP90alpha signaling. Inhibition of LRP1 binding to extracellular HSP90alpha by neutralizing antibodies or genetic silencing of the LRP1 receptor by RNAi completely nullified hypoxia-driven HK migration. Finally, re-introducing a RNAi-resistant LRP1 cDNA into LRP1-downregulated HKs rescued the motogenic response of the cells to hypoxia. We propose that the hypoxia-HSP90alpha-LRP1 autocrine loop provides previously unrecognized therapeutic targets for human disorders such as chronic wounds and cancer invasion.
Deployment of IEC 61499 compliant distributed control applications (2007)

The distributed control applications of today are usually assumed to be run on a hardware consisting of heterogeneous processing elements. A standard like IEC 61499 attempts to provide an unanimous software infrastructure for these applications. An important research interest thereof is to find possible deployment of the components of the distributed application on these heterogeneous nodes. Since most of such applications are hard real-time ones the complexity of the problem is further increased by strict temporal restrictions. This paper addresses this issue as algorithms are presented for finding feasible and optimal solutions of such deployment problems. Moreover, the problems are also considered in the context of two different - while conforming to the standard - execution semantics realized in certain implementations of IEC 61499.
The Role of Precedent in Judicial Decision (1957)

IF JOHN MARSHALL could read the current debates about the Supreme Court he would probably conclude that present criticisms are comparatively moderate.His feeling might well be shared by some of the justices of the early Franklin Roosevelt era.The attacks on Marshall were directed at the precedents he was making rather than at anything to do with stare decisis."The Nine Old Men" of the thirties were assailed on account of what many thought was the tyranny of precedent, although in fact even before the significant change in attitude by the Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Hughes, there had been both more independence from precedent, and, where constitutional precedent was followed, a greater degree of agreement in the Court than is generally realized.The present is a period where those who dislike such decisions as the "Segregation Cases" and certain cases involving the relative functions of the state and federal governments as to sedition and other matters are dissatisfied with what seems to them the Court's lack of respect for precedent.Perhaps it may be observed that there is little evidence that this dissent is shared by a majority of either the bar or the public.In any event, apart from the heat of the issues concerned with particular cases, it may be timely to review again that perennial topic: the proper role of precedent in judicial decision. I. INTRODUCTION.Stare decisis or, in its complete form, stare decisis et non quieta movere is usually translated "to stand by (or adhere to) decisions and not to disturb what is settled."The classic English version is by Croke: "They said that those things which have been so often adjudged ought to rest in peace."' Blackstone says: "The doctrine of the law then is this: that precedents and rules be followed, unless flatly absurd
Thermal Stability of Lipoxygenase and Hydroperoxide Lyase from Olive Fruit and Repercussion on Olive Oil Aroma Biosynthesis (2007)

Thermal stabilities of main enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of virgin olive oil (VOO) aroma through the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway were studied in crude enzymatic preparations. Kinetic parameters of thermal inactivation for LOX were determined graphically and were shown to be compatible with the presence of two LOX isoenzymes (LOXlab and LOXres) having different thermal stabilities and displaying relative activities of 88 and 12% each. Data on hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) suggest the existence of just one HPL isoform. Thermal stabilities of LOX and HPL enzymatic activities in crude preparations seem to explain the observed decrease of volatile contents in VOO aroma as a consequence of heat treatments of olive fruit. Moreover, differences in thermal stability of LOXlab and LOXres would justify the distinct pattern of reduction of C6 and C5 compound contents observed in the aroma of these oils.
Emerging therapies and challenges in spinal muscular atrophy (2016)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease with severity ranging from progressive infantile paralysis and premature death (type I) to limited motor neuron loss and normal life expectancy (type IV). Without disease-modifying therapies, the impact is profound for patients and their families. Improved understanding of the molecular basis of SMA, disease pathogenesis, natural history, and recognition of the impact of standardized care on outcomes has yielded progress toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies and are summarized. Therapeutic strategies in the pipeline are appraised, ranging from SMN1 gene replacement to modulation of SMN2 encoded transcripts, to neuroprotection, to an expanding repertoire of peripheral targets, including muscle. With the advent of preliminary trial data, it can be reasonably anticipated that the SMA treatment landscape will transform significantly. Advancement in presymptomatic diagnosis and screening programs will be critical, with pilot newborn screening studies underway to facilitate preclinical diagnosis. The development of disease-modifying therapies will necessitate monitoring programs to determine the long-term impact, careful evaluation of combined treatments, and further acceleration of improvements in supportive care. In advance of upcoming clinical trial results, we consider the challenges and controversies related to the implementation of novel therapies for all patients and set the scene as the field prepares to enter an era of novel therapies. Ann Neurol 2017;81:355-368.
The Utilization of On-Line Monitors at EBR-II for Sodium Purity (1974)

The Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) primary sodium system is equipped with continuous monitors for oxygen and hydrogen impurities in the sodium. The sensors of these monitors have been incorporated into a modularized system that was developed for nuclear reactor applications for sodium temperature and sodium flow-rate conditioning. The oxygen meter calibration is provided by periodic analysis of the oxygen in sodium by the vanadium-equilibration method. The hydrogen meter is a direct reading device and does not require on-line calibration. Typically, the impurity content of the sodium has been shown to be quite stable at 0.6- to 1.0-ppm oxygen and 0.06- to 0.08-ppm hydrogen. On-line carbon monitors are not presently in use at EBR-II. A single determination of the chemical activity carbon in sodium gave a result of 0.002 relative to graphite and is about the same value as measured in other “clean” stainless steel-sodium systems.Plans are being made to equip the EBR-II secondary system with ten hydrogen meters that will be used for detecting the onset of steam-to-sodium leaks such that corrective action can be taken before the leak enlarges and propagates to adjacent tubes.
Functional properties of 8S globulin fractions from 15 mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek) cultivars (2015)

Summary The functional properties including solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming properties and emulsifying properties of 8S globulin fractions from 15 mung bean cultivars were investigated in this study. In addition, the effects of pH on solubility, foaming properties and emulsifying properties were studied. The functional properties of the 8S globulin fractions varied significantly among the different mung bean varieties and exhibited better performance in solubility and emulsion stability compared with soya bean 7S protein. A negative correlation was found between water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity. Remarkable differences in polypeptides constituents were observed in 8S globulin fractions, and the ratio of 11S/8S globulins has a positive effect on water absorption capacity while a negative effect on oil absorption capacity. As a function of pH , the emulsifying activity indexes of the 8S globulin fractions were found to be distinctly dependent on the solubility, while no significant correlation was found between the emulsifying stability and solubility, nor between the foaming properties and solubility. The foaming capacity showed a strong correlation with foam stability.