gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of hydrolytic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam (1979)

Abstract A method to determine the concentration of ϵ‐aminocaproic acid (ACA) in poly‐ϵ‐caprolactam by high‐pressure liquid chromatography is established. The polymerizations for initial water concentrations of 0.42, 0.82, and 1.18 mol/kg and temperatures of 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, and 280°C were performed and concentration‐versus‐time curves were obtained for ACA, ϵ‐caprolactam (CL), and endgroups (EG). Each curve for ACA and EG has a maximum which increases monotonically in its value and shifts from right to left in position with increasing either the temperature or the initial water concentration. The reaction rates of CL, EG, and ACA were also evaluated numerically from the concentration data. The observed kinetic data were compared with those obtained by the numerical solution of the rate equations with Reimschuessel's kinetic constants. Good agreement is found in CL and EG concentrations but discrepancies in ACA concentration and rates are considerable, particularly in the early stage of the polymerization.
The Action Potential in the Smooth Muscle of the Guinea Pig Taenia Coli and Ureter Studied by the Double Sucrose-Gap Method (1970)

The configuration of the electrotonic potential and the action potential observed by the double sucrose-gap method was similar to that observed with a microelectrode inserted into a cell in the center pool between the gaps. In the taenia and the ureter, the evoked spike was larger in low Na or in Na-free (sucrose substitute) solution than in normal solution. However, the plateau component in the ureter was suppressed in the absence of Na. In Ca-free solution containing Mg (3-5 mM) and Na (137 mM), the membrane potential and membrane resistance were normal, but no spike could be elicited in both the taenia and ureter. Replacement of Ca with Sr did not affect the spike in the taenia, nor the spike component of the ureter but prolonged the plateau component. The prolonged plateau disappeared on removal of Na, while repetitive spikes could still be evoked. It was concluded that the spike activity in the taenia and in the ureter of the guinea pig is due to Ca entry, that the plateau component in the ureter is due to an increase in the Na conductance of the membrane, and that both mechanisms, for the spike and for the plateau, are separately controlled by Ca bound in the membrane.
Scaling Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators with a Small Orbit Excursion (2009)

A novel scaling type of fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator is proposed that solves the major problems of conventional scaling and nonscaling types. This scaling FFAG accelerator can achieve a much smaller orbit excursion by taking a larger field index k. A triplet focusing structure makes it possible to set the operating point in the second stability region of Hill's equation with a reasonable sensitivity to various errors. The orbit excursion is about 5 times smaller than in a conventional scaling FFAG accelerator and the beam size growth due to typical errors is at most 10%.
Enhancement of the evanescent coupling between III-V/Si hybrid microring laser and bus waveguide by using a bending coupler (2009)

A bending directional coupler is presented to enhance the evanescent coupling between a compact deeply-etched III-V/Si hybrid microring laser and its small Si bus waveguide. With the present design, one could realize a sufficient evanescent coupling between the III-V/Si hybrid microring even when the gap between the microring and the bus waveguide is relatively large gap (~ 400nm). This makes the fabrication easier.
Identification of Novel GDNF Isoforms and cis-Antisense GDNFOS Gene and Their Regulation in Human Middle Temporal Gyrus of Alzheimer Disease (2011)

Primate-specific genes and isoforms could provide insight into human brain diseases. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed that there are possibly five isoforms of human GDNF gene with different pre- and pro-regions by inter- and intra-exon splicing. By using TaqMan primer probe sets, designed between exons, we verified the expression of all isoforms. Furthermore, a novel GDNFOS gene was found to be transcribed from the opposite strand of GDNF gene. GDNFOS gene has four exons that are spliced into different isoforms. GDNFOS1 and GDNFOS2 are long noncoding RNAs, and GDNFOS3 encodes a protein of 105 amino acids. To study human GDNF and GDNFOS regulation in neurodegenerative diseases, the protein and mRNA levels were measured by Western blot and RT-quantitative PCR, respectively, in postmortem middle temporal gyrus (MTG) of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Huntington disease (HD) patients in comparison with those of normal controls. In the MTG of AD patients, the mature GDNF peptide was down-regulated; however, the transcript of GDNF isoform from human exon 2 was up-regulated, whereas that of the conserved isoform from exon 1 remained unchanged in comparison with those of normal controls. In contrast, the mature GDNF peptide and the isoform mRNA levels were not changed in the MTG of HD. The findings of novel GDNF and GDNFOS isoforms and differences in tissue expression patterns dysregulated in AD brains may further reveal the role of endogenous GDNF in human brain diseases.
Preparation and Validation of Carrier Human Erythrocytes Loaded by Bovine Serum Albumin as a Model Antigen/Protein (2007)

Erythrocytes as the most readily available and abundant cells within the body have been studied extensively for their potential application as drug delivery carries. In this study, human erythrocytes were loaded by bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model antigen/protein using hypotonic preswelling method for targeted delivery of this antigen-to antigen-presenting cells. The average loaded amount, efficiency of entrapment, and cell recovery upon loading procedure were 1979.25 +/- 9.4 microg, 30.06 +/- 0.20%, and 87.53 +/- 0.66%, respectively. The total BSA recovery upon loading procedure was 97.20 +/- 4.90%. The apparent mechanism of entrapment was simple concentration-based gradient in/out the cells with some minor limiting factors against protein entry into the cells. We have shown that the intra- and intersubject variations of the method were interestingly low (i.e., less than 5% in all cases).
Reduction of carrageenan- bradykinin- and histamine-induced acute inflammation by experimental eosinophilia in rats. (1982)

An examination was made of the effects of eosinophilia on acute inflammation. Sprague Dawley rats were infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae which resulted in a blood eosinophilia. Groups of rats with the induced eosinophilia, and untreated rats without the eosinophilia, were treated with carrageenan, bradykinin or histamine in the hind paw to induce local inflammation. Paw oedema induced by carrageenan as a measure of the inflammation was much reduced in those rats with an eosinophilia, and slightly but significantly reduced in the site treated with histamine or bradykinin. Though other anti-inflammatory factors may have participated, it is believed that the reduction in inflammation was due to the eosinophils. Pretreatment of the rat paws with an eosinophil chemotactic factor tetrapeptide (ECF-A) caused no chemotaxis and therefore no effect on histamine-induced oedema.
A kinetic study of drying of TEOS-derived gels under nearly isothermal conditions (1999)

The drying of wet Tetraethoxysilane-derived gels was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis as a function of the time, from the instant when the samples were placed into a pre-heated oven, kept at 70, 83 and 100 °C. The precursor sol of the gel was obtained by sono-hydrolysis of the Tetraethoxysilane under acid condition and the final [Water]/[Tetraethoxysilane] molar ratio was adjusted to 30. The wet gels were cylindrical (2.5 cm height and 1.2 cm diameter) after 30 days of aging at 30 °C in a hermetically sealed container. The changes in volume and weight during drying are compatible with a mechanism controlled by evaporation from a flat liquid-vapour interface at the surface of the body and contraction of the gel by capillary forces, together with structural changes induced by polycondensation, which partially account for the irreversible shrinkage of the gel. The employed thermogravimetric method does not permit to unequivocally follow the small and slow final loss of weight associated to the falling rate periods.
Photoactivation of metal oxide surfaces: photocatalyzed oxidation of alcohols by heteropolytungstates (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoactivation of metal oxide surfaces: photocatalyzed oxidation of alcohols by heteropolytungstatesMarye Anne Fox, Raul Cardona, and Elizabeth GaillardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 21, 6347–6354Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00255a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00255a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views787Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical transport through<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><b><i>p-n</i></b>and<b><i>p-p</i></b>heterostructures modulated by bound charges at a ferroelectric surface: Ferroelectric<b><i>p-n</i></b>diode (1999)

Current through ${(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b},\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a})(\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i})\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ferroelectrics on perovskite semiconductors is found to exhibit diode characteristics of which polarity is universally determined by the carrier conduction-type semiconductors. A persisting highly reproducible resistance modulation by a dc voltage, which has a short retention, is observed and is ascribed to a band bending of the ferroelectric by the formation of charged traps. This interpretation is consistent with a large relaxation current observed at a low voltage. On the other hand, a reproducible resistance modulation by a pulse voltage, which has a long retention, is observed in metal/${(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b},\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a})(\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i})\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}:\mathrm{Nb}$ but not in metal/${(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b},\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a})(\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i})\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{(\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and is attributed to a possible band bending due to the spontaneous polarization $(P)$ switching. The observed current voltage $(\mathrm{IV})$ characteristics, the polarity dependence, the relaxation, and the modulation are explicable, if we assume a $p\ensuremath{-}n$ or a $p\ensuremath{-}p$ junction at the ferroelectric semiconductor interface (p: hole conduction type, n: electron conduction type). The analysis suggests that an intrinsically inhomogeneous P $(\ensuremath{\nabla}P)$ near the ferroelectric/metal interface is likely very weak or existing in a very thin layer, when a reaction of the metal with the ferroelectric is eliminated. Additionally, the various aspects of transport through ferroelectrics are explained as a transport in the carrier depleted region.
Interprocedural dependence analysis and parallelization (2004)

The area of dependence analysis has served as grounds for fruitful research as well as practical implementation. Compilers and tools that utilize dependence information can generate code that takes advantage of parallel resources and storage hierarchies on modern architectures. Here, we offer some historical background on the context and thinking that fostered our 1986 paper. We also attempt to summarize the direction research in this area has taken since the paper's appearance.We present a method that combines a deep analysis of program dependences with a broad analysis of the interaction among procedures. The method is more efficient than existing methods: we reduce many tests, performed separately by existing methods, to a single test. The method is more precise than existing methods with respect to references to multi-dimensional arrays and dependence information hidden by procedure calls. The method is more general than existing methods: we accommodate potentially aliased variables and structures of differing shapes that share storage. We accomplish the above through a unified approach that integrates subscript analysis with aliasing and interprocedural information.
Epstein–barr virus vaccines (2015)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and is associated with epithelial cell malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, as well as lymphoid malignancies including Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. EBV vaccines to prevent primary infection or disease, or therapeutic vaccines to treat EBV malignancies have not been licensed. Most efforts to develop prophylactic vaccines have focused on EBV gp350, which is the major target of neutralizing antibody. A single phase 2 trial of an EBV gp350 vaccine has been reported; the vaccine reduced the rate of IM but not virus infection. The observation that infusion of EBV-specific T cells can reduce disease due to Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma provides a proof of principle that a therapeutic vaccine for these and other EBV-associated malignancies might be effective. Most therapeutic vaccines have targeted EBV LMP2 and EBV nuclear antigen-1. As EBV is associated with nearly 200 000 new malignancies each year worldwide, an EBV vaccine to prevent these diseases is needed.
FACILE CONVERSION OF ALCOHOLS INTO N-SUBSTITUTED AMIDES BY MAGNESIUM HYDROGENSULFATE UNDER HETEROGENEOUS CONDITIONS (2001)

Different classes of alcohols react efficiently with nitriles in the presence of magnesium hydrogensulfate, Mg(HSO4)2, to produce amides in high yields.
Between-Ovary Interaction in the Regulation of Follicle Growth, Corpus Luteum Function, and Gonadotropin Secretion in the Primate Ovarian Cycle. I. Effects of Follicle Cautery and Hemiovariectomy during the Follicular Phase in Cynomolgus Monkeys (1979)

To examine the role of between-ovary interaction in the regulation of folliculogenesis in the primate ovarian cycle, the dominant follicle was ablated on day 8, 9, or 10 to interrupt the menstrual cycle, and one ovary was removed concurrently to restrict the locus of new follicle growth. Ablation of the largest visible follicle, alone or along with the ipsi- or contralateral ovary, elicited stereotypical responses; the expected midcycle surges of gonadotropin secretion were abolished and the next preovulatory gonadotropin surges occurred about 2 weeks after follicle ablation. Removal of the contralateral ovary alone had no manifest effect. The findings indicate that 1) in cynomolgus monkeys, as in rhesus, the dominant follicle had been selected by the midfollicular phase and no other follicle was available as a surrogate for a timely midcycle ovulation; 2) the time course of new follicle growth culminating in a single ovulation after follicle ablation was unaffected by the acute removal of one ovary and the concomitant restriction of the locus of new follicle growth; 3) the next follicle destined to ovulate was not selected until after the removal of the dominant follicle; 4) in the presence of the dominant follicle, the contralateral ovary contributes little, if at all, to the regulation of gonadotropin secretion, contralateral follicle growth, or subsequent contralateral corpus luteum function; 5) the hegemony of the dominant follicle is not limited to follicles of the ipsilateral ovary but extends, in some manner, to follicles of the contralateral ovary as well; and 6) unlike bilateral ovulators, a compensatory rise in gonadotropins after unilateral ovariectomy in this primate is conditional on the ovary removed and the surety of the dominant follicle.
Compact Omnidirectional Antenna of Circular Polarization (2012)

A compact omnidirectional antenna of circular polarization (CP) is presented for 2.4-GHz WLAN access-point applications. The antenna consists of four bended monopoles, which are simultaneously excited through an associated feeding network. The radiated horizontal and vertical field components are derived based on an analytical model, and the 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> phase difference between them is shown to be naturally guaranteed. With a size of 0.22λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.22λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.076λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , the antenna exhibits a bandwidth (| <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | ≤ -10 dB and AR ≤ 3 dB) of 3.56% and a left-handed CP average gain of 1.39 dB in the azimuth plane at 2.44 GHz.
The Evolution of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Antibiotics Resistance Over 10 Years in Beijing, China (2010)

The trend of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori increased over time and the resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline was infrequent and stable in Beijing. Clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone should be used with caution for H. pylori eradication treatment.
18F-FDG-PET/CT in Initiation and Progression of Inflammation and Infection (2017)

The results demonstrated that the SUV<sub>max</sub> value for <sup>18</sup>F-FDG can be useful in the early differentiation of sterile and infected abscess. In addition, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET imaging has the advantage of local availability of equipment and labeled agents leading rapid diagnosis of differentiation of infection and inflammation.
MAGNETIC CELL SORTING USING COLLOIDAL PROTEIN—MAGNETITE (1989)

Magnetic filtration of labelled cells as a way of separating leucocyte subpopulations was tested with a very simple and easy filtration device, using colloidal magnetite as the labelling reagent. In order to quantitate cell enrichment, a double label (both fluorescent and magnetic) was used, under conditions which labelled less than 10% of the cells in the initial sample. Up to 20 million cells were simply passed through a small magnetic filter with a hand-held syringe. Depletion of labelled cells in the suspension that passed through was threefold, and enrichment of labelled cells in the wash of the filter after its removal from the magnet was approximately fivefold. Factors which limited the quality of separation are discussed. Other, more preliminary, experiments found enrichments of 15- to 30-fold with the same colloidal magnetite and hand-held apparatus when the cell labelling system was more selective.
Carrier Generation in Multicomponent Wide-Bandgap Oxides: InGaZnO<sub>4</sub> (2013)

To exploit the full potential of multicomponent wide-bandgap oxides, an in-depth understanding of the complex defect chemistry and of the role played by the constituent oxides is required. In this work, thorough theoretical and experimental investigations are combined in order to explain the carrier generation and transport in crystalline InGaZnO4. Using first-principles density functional approach, we calculate the formation energies and transition levels of possible acceptor and donor point defects as well as the implied defect complexes in InGaZnO4 and determine the equilibrium defect and electron densities as a function of growth temperature and oxygen partial pressure. An excellent agreement of the theoretical results with our Brouwer analysis of the bulk electrical measurements for InGaZnO4 establishes the Ga antisite defect, GaZn, as the major electron donor in InGaZnO4. Moreover, we show that the oxygen vacancies, long believed to be the carrier source in this oxide, are scarce. The proposed carrier generation mechanism also explains the observed intriguing behavior of the conductivity in In-rich vs Ga-rich InGaZnO4.
The β-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease increases neuronal CRMP-2 phosphorylation by a Rho-GTP mechanism (2007)

Neuritic abnormalities are a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Accumulation of beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) in the brain causes changes in neuritic processes in individuals with this disease. In this study, we show that Abeta decreases neurite outgrowth from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. To explore molecular pathways by which Abeta alters neurite outgrowth, we examined the activation and localization of RhoA and Rac1 which regulate the level and phosphorylation of the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2). Abeta increased the levels of the GTP-bound (active) form of RhoA in SH-SY5Y cells. This increase in GTP-RhoA correlated with an increase in an alternatively spliced form of CRMP-2 (CRMP-2A) and its threonine phosphorylated form. Both a constitutively active form of Rac1 (CA-Rac1) and the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632, decreased levels of the CRMP-2A variant and decreased threonine phosphorylation caused by Abeta stimulation. The amount of tubulin bound to CRMP-2 was decreased in the presence of Abeta but Y27632 increased the levels of tubulin bound to CRMP-2. Increased levels of both RhoA and CRMP-2 were found in neurons surrounding amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex of the APP(Swe) Tg2576 mice. We found that there was an increase in threonine phosphorylation of CRMP-2 in Tg2576 mice and the increase correlated with a decrease in the ability of CRMP-2 to bind tubulin. The results suggest that Abeta-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition may be initiated through a mechanism in which Abeta causes an increase in Rho GTPase activity which, in turn, phosphorylates CRMP-2 to interfere with tubulin assembly in neurites.