gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical and Reciprocal Regulation of KLF4 and SLUG in Transforming Growth Factor β-Initiated Prostate Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2011)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in various pathological processes within the prostate, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer progression. However, an ordered sequence of signaling events initiating carcinoma-associated EMT has not been established. In a model of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced prostatic EMT, SLUG is the dominant regulator of EMT initiation in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by the inhibition of EMT following Slug depletion. In contrast, SNAIL depletion was significantly less rate limiting. TGFβ-stimulated KLF4 degradation is required for SLUG induction. Expression of a degradation-resistant KLF4 mutant inhibited EMT, and furthermore, depletion of Klf4 was sufficient to initiate SLUG-dependent EMT. We show that KLF4 and another epithelial determinant, FOXA1, are direct transcriptional inhibitors of SLUG expression in mouse and human prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, self-reinforcing regulatory loops for SLUG-KLF4 and SLUG-FOXA1 lead to SLUG-dependent binding of polycomb repressive complexes to the Klf4 and Foxa1 promoters, silencing transcription and consolidating mesenchymal commitment. Analysis of tissue arrays demonstrated decreased KLF4 and increased SLUG expression in advanced-stage primary prostate cancer, substantiating the involvement of the EMT signaling events described in model systems.
Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Diverse 1,5-Benzodiazepin-2-ones (2007)

A practical and efficient parallel method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones with a large variety of substituents at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, and 8-positions using 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the starting material. All the reactions involved here are highly effective in giving the desired products under mild conditions.
Development of a Solid State Radio Transmitter with MOS/FET (1980)

This paper presents a new type of radio transmitter using power MOS-FETs. This new version employs power MOS-FETs in its RF power amplifier and modulator. An RF power amplifier of push-pull or dual SEPP configuration with a power gain of 20dB easily generates high power in the order of kilo-watts. The new RF power amplifier, having output power of 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0kW, features a drain efficiency of 90% because of favorable MOS-FET characteristics as wide-ASO, negative aID/aT* coefficient, no current hogging, and no carrier storage. The modulator consisting of power MOS-FETs has an efficiency of approximately 90% at 100kHz. (*Variation of the drain current with temperature)
Cost and health implications of cholesterol lowering. (1992)

High priority should be given to research that could validate these cost-effectiveness projections as well as to further studies of the elderly and women, in whom direct data on the precise costs, risks, and benefits of interventions to lower cholesterol remain sparse.
Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in Advanced <i>ALK</i> -Positive Lung Cancer (2013)

Crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy in patients with previously treated, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement. (Funded by Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00932893.).
Compiler Assisted Instruction Relocation for Performance Improvement of Cache Hit Rate and System Reliability (2014)

Because the spatial and temporal locality of program codes, compiler could use heuristics and profile guided prediction to relocate the output of program codes to reduce the cache confliction. In this paper, for improving the average accessing time of memory subsystem by raising the cache hit rate, hybrid compiler assisted prediction and relocation techniques are proposed. Different with the traditional scheme that provide the fixed heuristics predication for various kinds of programs, the more elaborate scheme with command line direction and the markov based heuristics algorithm with different parameters is adopted for program prediction in this paper. As a result, the sequential instructions layout based on the executing probability and frequency ensures the benefit to cache hit rate and the fetch unit of processor, meanwhile in favour of the system reliability.
Geometrical optimization of helical flow in grooved micromixers (2007)

Owing to the enhancement of surface effects at the micro-scale, patterned grooves on a micro-channel floor remain a powerful method to induce helical flows within a pressure driven system. Although there have been a number of numerical studies on geometrical effects concerning fluid mixing within the staggered herringbone mixer, all have focused mainly on the groove angle and depth, two factors that contribute greatly to the magnitude of helical flow. Here we present a new geometrical factor that significantly affects the generation of helical flow over patterned grooves. By varying the ratio of the length of the grooves to the neighboring ridges, helical flow can be optimized for a given groove depth and channel aspect ratio, with up to 50% increases in transverse flow possible. A thorough numerical study of over 700 cases details the magnitude of helical flow over unsymmetrical patterned grooves in a slanted groove micro-mixer, where the optimized parameters for the slanted groove mixer can be translated to the staggered herringbone mixer. The optimized groove geometries are shown to have a large dependence on the channel aspect ratio, the groove depth ratio, and the ridge length.
Response of renin, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone to furosemide and furosemide-triamterene combination. (1980)

Plasma renin activity (PRA), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urinary aldosterone excretion (U-Aldo) and electrolyte excretions were studied in a randomized study after furosemide (80 mg) (F), furosemide + triamterence (80 + 100 mg) (F + T), and after placebo were administered to seven healthy volunteers. F + T preparation showed a slower absorption of furosemide, a slower natriuresis and a slower excretion of potassium as compared to F-präparation. After application of the diuretics, PRA reached the maximal level in four hours, three times higher than the control level after F and four times higher after F + T. At 24 hrs after drug intake PRA did not differe from the control level. No significant difference could be found between F and F + T. U-Aldo of 24 hrs increased 1.9-fold after F and 2.2-fold after F + T, as compared with placebo. Between the individual natriuretic and hormonal responses no correlation could be found. After F + T, U-Aldo and U-K showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05). ADH did not change after diuretics from the pretreatment fasting level. The results show a fast but transient response of the renin-aldosterone system after furosemide and the furosemide-triamterene combination which could not be correlated with the natriuretic effects. The result differs from that found earlier with hydrochlorothiazide.
Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in behavioural effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 in male rats (2004)

We have studied the possible interaction between the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 (1 and 50 microg/kg) and the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg) in the modulation of plus-maze and holeboard activity in Wistar adult male rats. In the plus-maze, the higher dose of CP 55,940 induced an anxiogenic-like effect, whereas the lower dose induced anxiolytic-like responses. The 5-HT1A antagonist, which was silent in this test, attenuated the anxiogenic, but not the anxiolytic, effect of CP 55,940. In the holeboard, the higher dose of CP 55,940 significantly decreased head-dipping duration, and WAY 100635, which did not affect exploratory head-dipping when administered alone, antagonized this effect. The administration of WAY 100635 significantly increased grooming behaviour, and this effect was inhibited by the two doses of CP 55,940, which did not exert any effect, per se, on this parameter. We provide the first evidence implicating 5-HT1A receptors in anxiety-related behavioural responses to a cannabinoid agonist.
Stereospecific Induction of Apoptosis in U937 Cells by N‐Octanoyl‐Sphingosine Stereoisomers and N‐Octyl‐Sphingosine (1996)

We investigated the ability of N-octanoyl-sphingosine (C8-Cer) stereoisomers, N-octanoyl-DL-erythro-dihydrosphingosine (DL-e-DHC8-Cer), and a new ceramide derivative, N-octyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (D-e-C8-Ceramine), to induce apoptosis in U937 cells. We found the C8-Cer stereoisomers to be stereospecific with the D- and L-threo stereoisomers being severalfold more potent than the erythro in inducing nucleosomal fragmentation. The order of potency was: D-t-C8-Cer = L-t-C8-Cer > L-e-C8-Cer > D-e-C8-Cer > DL-e-DHC8-Cer. The importance of the carbonyl group in apoptosis was investigated by using a new ceramide derivative, D-e-C8-Ceramine, in which the carbonyl group was replaced by a methylene group. The carbonyl group was not necessary for triggering apoptosis. In fact, replacement of the carbonyl group decreased substantially the time required for cells to die, with maximum DNA fragmentation occurring at 6 h as opposed to the 18 h required by D-e-C8-Cer. To explore possible mechanisms by which these compounds trigger the apoptotic pathway, we tested their ability to increase the endogenous levels of cellular ceramide and to differentially activate a ceramide-activated protein kinase (CAPK). While the potent DNA fragmentation-inducing compounds D-e-C8-Ceramine and L-t-C8-Cer failed to increase the cellular ceramide levels, D-e-C8-Cer, D-t-C8-Cer and D-e-C8-Ceramine activated the CAPK equally. These studies suggest that the DNA fragmentation-inducing ability of the threo stereoisomers and D-e-C8-Ceramine cannot be attributed either to an increase in the activity of CAPK, or, as illustrated by D-e-C8-Ceramine and L-t-C8-Cer, to the differential elevation of endogenous ceramide. The phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid failed to protect U937 cells from apoptosis induced by D-e-C8-Cer.
Practical and experimental consideration of sun protection in dermatology (2003)

Much is known regarding the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the skin. As more epidemiologic and basic research continues to characterize the impact of sun exposure and other sources of UV radiation upon the development of cutaneous neoplasm and a variety of photosensitive dermatoses, it is crucial for the dermatologist to promote sun protection among his/her patients as well as the primary care physician who has a greater reach of the community than the skin specialist. Practical steps to achieve optimal sun protection include avoidance of UV radiation, avoidance of photosensitizing drugs, use of photo-protective clothing, and diligent application of broad-spectrum sunscreens. In recent years, novel agents and experimental modalities with the potential to offer enhanced protective effects against deleterious sequelae of sun exposure have been elucidated, e.g. antioxidants, alpha-MSH, polyphenol in green teas, genistein, NF-kB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides, pTpT vaccination, and IL-12. As these new photo-protective tools are being developed by scientists around the world, greater concerted effort is needed to engage public health officials and the media to promote sun protection awareness throughout the general public.
An Asynchronous Energy-Efficient CNN Accelerator with Reconfigurable Architecture (2018)

In this paper, we introduce an asynchronous energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator with reconfigurable architecture including six computing cores, each of which contains 5x5 processing elements. With the dynamically reconfigurable architecture, the data path, the calculation method, the activation function, and the pooling way and size can be modified according to the configurable information for different CNN models. In the computing cores, the global clock is replaced by the local pulse signals from Click elements. An asynchronous pipeline formed by Click elements enables the circuits to work in pipeline mode without any sacrifice of speed because of the self-timed characteristic of asynchronous circuits. Each computing core has a 5x5 registers array that is fully connected by an asynchronous Mesh network, by which the input data can be fully reused. A novel computing pattern called convolution-and-pooling-integrated computing, which combines convolution and pooling computing together, is proposed to reduce the access to the intermediate data. These yield an 88% decrease of the access to off-chip memory, which significantly reduces energy consumption. A CNN model, LeNet-5, is implemented in our accelerator with the FPGA of Xilinx VC707. The asynchronous computing core has 84% less dynamic power than that of the synchronous core. The efficiency achieves 30.03 GOPS/W, which is 2.1 times better than that of previous works.
Acidity Constants and Thermodynamic Parameters of Barbituric and Diethylbarbituric Acids in Water, (Water + Tetrahydrofuran), and (Water + Triton X-100) Systems (2001)

Using potentiometric measurements, dissociation constants of barbituric and diethylbarbituric acid (BA and DEBA) were determind in water, in a tetrahydrofuran + water mixture, and in a water + Triton X-100 micellar system. Results show that the pKa value of these acids increases as the percentages of the tetrahydrofuran increase. Similar results were obtained upon addition of a neutral surfactant such as Triton X-100 to the solution of these acids. Thermodynamic parameters of these acids were obtained by determination of the acidity constants of barbituric and diethylbarbituric acids in water at five different temperatures ranging from (15.0 to 55.0) °C and at an ionic strength of 0.100 M KCl.
Conceptual Design Study on Fast Reactor Fuel Reprocessing System Using Super-DIREX Process (2004)

A conceptual design study for some alternatives as well as the advanced aqueous reprocessing system has been progressed as a feasibility study on commercialized fast reactor cycle systems. Among these alternatives, the Supercritical fluid Direct Extraction (Super-DIREX) process is expected to minimize the reprocessing cost because the heavy metals (U, Pu, Np, Am and Cm) are directly extracted from the spent fuel powder in a column covering the dissolution, clarification and extraction process of the advanced aqueous process. The conceptual design for the reprocessing plant using Super-DIREX process was conducted considering the flowsheet, mass balance, specification and number of the components and layout of the components. From the result of the evaluation for the reprocessing cost of the plant with the capacity of 50tHM/y, it is found out that about 30% of the reprocessing cost is reduced compared with the advanced aqueous process (the NEXT process). In addition, using the Super-DIREX process, about 30% of wastes generated from the plant are reduced.
Insulin-like Growth Factor II Plays a Central Role in Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model (2002)

Insulin-like growth factor II is a fetal promoter of cell proliferation that is involved in some forms of cancer and overgrowth syndromes in humans. Here, we provide two sources of genetic evidence for a novel, pivotal role of locally produced insulin-like growth factor II in the development of atherosclerosis. First, we show that homozygosity for a disrupted insulin-like growth factor II allele in mice lacking apolipoprotein E, a widely used animal model of atherosclerosis, results in aortic lesions that are approximately 80% smaller and contain approximately 50% less proliferating cells compared with mice lacking only apolipoprotein E. Second, targeted expression of an insulin-like growth factor II transgene in smooth muscle cells, but not the mere elevation of circulating levels of the peptide, causes per se aortic focal intimal thickenings. The insulin-like growth factor II transgenics presented here are the first viable mutant mice spontaneously developing intimal masses. These observations provide the first direct evidence for an atherogenic activity of insulin-like growth factor II in vivo.
V <sub>t</sub> balancing and device sizing towards high yield of sub-threshold static logic gates (2007)

Operating digital circuits in the sub-threshold region is potentially a solution for ultra low-power applications. However, simply reducing supply voltage well below threshold voltage causes functional yield degradation. In this paper, we show that imbalanced VT of pMOS and nMOS transistors and VT mismatch of paired transistors are especially detrimental to sub-threshold functional yield. We propose a variability-driven digital gate design approach which includes balancing process-corner VT shifts of nMOS/pMOS transistors with a low-overhead bulk-bias circuitry and a gate-sizing approach that yields close to minimum size transistor dimensions. Results of Monte-Carlo simulations of a ring oscillator with 31 stages show that our solution can help to achieve a mean frequency speedup of 51.91% and energy/cycle saving of 19.67% on average.
Markerless motion tracking of lung tumors using dual‐energy fluoroscopy (2014)

This work indicates the potential for markerless tumor tracking utilizing DE fluoroscopy. With DE imaging, the algorithm showed improved detectability vs SE fluoroscopy and was able to accurately track the tumor in nearly all cases.
Electroactive thin films from the anodic electropolymerisation of iron(II) and ruthenium(II) tris(N-bipyridylpyrrole) complexes (1985)

J. G. Eaves, H. S. Munro and D. Parker, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 684 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000684
Atrial natriuretic factor can increase renal solute excretion primarily by raising glomerular filtration (1986)

Controversy persists on whether atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) raises renal solute excretion simply by increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or whether it directly inhibits tubular transport (independent of changes in flow rate). Free-flow micropuncture techniques were used in 10 Munich-Wistar rats. ANF caused a significant increase in single-nephron and whole-kidney GFR (41.6 +/- 1.4 to 52.7 +/- 2.3 nl/min and 0.95 +/- 0.05 to 1.24 +/- 0.09 ml/min, respectively). Although absolute proximal sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride reabsorption increased, the increment in reabsorption was less than the increase in load; therefore solute delivery out of the proximal tubule increased by approximately 30-35%. Whole-kidney electrolyte excretion also rose markedly. When single-nephron and whole-kidney GFR were reduced back to a control level by aortic constriction (40.2 +/- 1.8 nl/min and 0.93 +/- 0.05 ml/min, respectively), proximal transport reverted to normal values despite persistent ANF administration. Ninety percent of the ANF-induced natriuresis and chloruresis were simultaneously abolished when GFR was normalized. In conclusion, ANF has no direct effect on reabsorption in the superficial proximal convoluted tubule independent of changes in filtration rate. Although direct effects on more distal or deeper nephron segments are not precluded, the present data suggest that ANF can increase renal solute excretion predominantly by acutely augmenting GFR.
On the structure of luminol sodium salts (2014)

The structures of Tamerit® (A) and Galavit® (B) pharmaceutical preparations have been solved by X-Ray single crystal and powder diffraction. These are luminol sodium salts possessing immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. It is shown that Tamerit® (A) is a hydrated salt, while Galavit® (B) is a mixture of two polymorphic modifications (B1 and B2) of anhydrous salt. Compound A is crystallized in a monoclinic system: a = 8.3429(4) Å, b = 22.0562(11) Å, c = 5.2825(2) Å, β = 99.893(3)°, V = 957.59(8) Å3, and Z = 4; sp. gr. P21/c. Compound B1 is crystallized in a monoclinic system: a = 14.7157(18), b = 3.7029(19), c = 16.0233(15) Å, β = 116.682(13)°, V = 780.1(4) Å3, and Z = 4; sp. gr. P21/c. Compound B2 is crystallized in an orthorhombic system: a = 27.7765(15) Å, b = 3.3980(19) Å, c = 8.1692(19) Å, V = 771.0(5) Å3, and Z = 4; sp. gr. Pna21. The absence of phase transitions between the B1 and B2 polymorphs has been established by differential scanning calorimetry.
Optimization of ARC process in DUV lithography (1998)

Inorganic Anti Reflective Coating (ARC) improves Critical Dimension (CD) uniformity over an exposing field by reducing the reflectivity of the ARC/substrate system in photoresist. A key parameter of the lithographic performance of an inorganic ARC is therefore the reflectivity of the ARC/substrate system in photoresist. But it isn't a directly measurable quantity. In this paper we estimate the reflectivity of the ARC/substrate system in photoresist by measuring the reflectivity swing of the photoresist/ARC/substrate system in air. We also derive a useful relation connecting the reflectivity of the ARC/substrate system in photoresist to that in air. In the case of organic ARC, due to the planarization of the organic ARC on topography, optimization is achieved not by minimizing the reflectivity of the ARC/substrate system in photoresist but by minimizing the variation of the light intensity within the photoresist. The performance of the inorganic and organic ARC for DUV lithography is evaluated, and their differences are investigated.
A Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitor, SU11248, Suppresses Choroidal Neovascularization <i>In Vivo</i> (2006)

Oral administration of this compound is potentially beneficial in treating CNV caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other causal diseases. Considering the tolerance the clinical studies for malignant tumors previously demonstrated, further studies to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the drug for AMD might be indicated.
Methodological Issues in Cross‐Sectional and Panel Estimates of the Human Resource‐Firm Performance Link (1996)

Because companies differ in factors such as management ability that may lead to both high performance work systems and enhanced firm performance, conventional estimates of the effects of human resource (HR) management practices on firm performance may be biased upward. Alternatively, if HR management practices are measured with error, estimates of their effects on firm performance may be biased downward. We find that although longitudinal estimates that avoid the first source of bias are substantially smaller than cross‐sectional estimates, the former are strongly influenced by errors in measuring HR management practices. Based on independent estimates of the measurement error, we calculate a range of estimates that correct for both biases. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in our measure of high performance work systems raises the market value of the corporation by approximately $15,000 per employee.
A Review of Eight Software Packages for Structural Equation Modeling (2012)

This article reviews eight different software packages for linear structural equation modeling. The eight packages—Amos, SAS PROC CALIS, R packages sem, lavaan, OpenMx, LISREL, EQS, and Mplus—can help users estimate parameters for a model where the structure is well specified. Capabilities for handling single group, multiple group, nonnormal variables, and missing data are considered and the eight packages are compared across a variety of criteria from documentation to parameter estimation. The main difference between the packages is the presence of a graphical interface for model specification and presentation of results. Each package differs in terms of strengths, areas of improvement, and unique features that may dictate the choice of selection. Some suggestions on areas of improvement for all software packages are made. This article has supplementary materials online.