gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between T lymphocyte levels and lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and alloantigens in lung and breast cancer patients (1978)

Abstract Lung and breast cancer patients were studied for relationships between lymphocyte function, as measured by lymphoproliferative (LP) 3 assays, and levels of circulating thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T lymphocytes) measured by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). LP responses to the T lymphocyte mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin‐A (Con‐A) and to alloan‐tigens in one‐way mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) were assessed in a microculture assay. Total T lymphocyte levels were determined using an E rosette assay performed at 4°C and a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with high affinity receptors for E rosettes was measured in a 29°C assay. Using the relative proliferation index (RPI) which compares patient reactivity to normal reactivity, we found that one‐third to one‐half of the lung and breast cancer patients had depressed LP responses to at least one of the stimulants. In contrast, only 21% of the breast and 25% of the lung cancer patients had low levels of total E‐rosette‐forming cells (E‐RFC) as measured by the 4°C E rosette assay. Using the 29°C E rosette assay, we found that a significantly higher proportion of the patients demonstrated decreased levels of this subpopulation of lymphocytes and in both patient groups the depression noted in functional assays was closely paralleled by the percentage of patients with abnormal levels of high‐affinity T lymphocytes. To further examine this apparent relationship between high‐affinity E‐RFC levels and LP results, the correlation between these measures in individual patients was examined. Regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between mitogen and alloantigen responses in both patient groups as well as between total T lymphocyte and high‐affinity T lymphocyte levels. However, there was no significant correlation between LP responses and T lymphocyte levels. Studies in which MLC and PHA reactivities, 4°C and 29°C E rosette levels were determined on the same peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) sample demonstrated that a number of lung and breast cancer patients with abnormal LP responses had normal total and high‐affinity T lymphocyte levels. Patients with a decrease in high‐affinity E‐RFC but normal levels of total T lymphocytes had a high incidence of depression to PHA (56 and 82% in breast and lung cancer patients respectively) but fewer had depressed MLC reactivity (33 and 71% in breast and lung cancer patients, respectively). In patients with low levels of total and high‐affinity T lymphocytes, there was a high incidence of depression in responses to both PHA and MLC. The results of this study indicate that some cancer patients may have depressed LP responses in association with depressed levels of T lymphocytes, but that other patients may have depressed functional reactivity despite normal levels of E‐RFC.
Nutritional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in salmon tissues (1993)

In salmonids, nutritional insufficiency leads to retarded growth and reduced hepatic GH receptors, but increased circulating GH levels. To understand the endocrine mechanism underlying the retarded growth in starved fish better, we investigated the effect of food deprivation and refeeding on circulating levels of GH and insulin, as well as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA expression in different tissues of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Deprivation of food for 2-4 weeks resulted in cessation of growth and a significant decrease in condition factor (an indicator of fish body shape). No difference in circulating insulin or glucose levels were found between starved and fed fish, whereas starvation increased the plasma GH levels. After 4 weeks of starvation, the plasma GH level rose to 9 ng/ml, which was four times as high as that of the fed fish. In spite of elevated circulating GH, hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels were significantly reduced after 4 weeks of starvation. No significant difference in IGF-I mRNA levels of fed and starved fish was found in other tissues, including kidney, spleen, ovary, gill filament and gut. Two weeks of refeeding significantly increased hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels and growth and reduced plasma GH levels. These results suggest that food deprivation primarily reduces IGF-I mRNA expression in the liver which results, most probably, in a decline in systemic IGF-I levels and consequently leads to the retarded growth of salmon.
A Dual Role for <i>Hox</i> Genes in Limb Anterior-Posterior Asymmetry (2004)

Anterior-to-posterior patterning, the process whereby our digits are differently shaped, is a key aspect of limb development. It depends on the localized expression in posterior limb bud of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the morphogenetic potential of its diffusing product. By using an inversion of and a large deficiency in the mouse HoxD cluster, we found that a perturbation in the early collinear expression of Hoxd11, Hoxd12, and Hoxd13 in limb buds led to a loss of asymmetry. Ectopic Hox gene expression triggered abnormal Shh transcription, which in turn induced symmetrical expression of Hox genes in digits, thereby generating double posterior limbs. We conclude that early posterior restriction of Hox gene products sets up an anterior-posterior prepattern, which determines the localized activation of Shh. This signal is subsequently translated into digit morphological asymmetry by promoting the late expression of Hoxd genes, two collinear processes relying on opposite genomic topographies, upstream and downstream Shh signaling.
Receive diversity for mobile OFDM systems (2002)

We investigate receive diversity for OFDM-based broadband communication systems. We consider the use of multiple antennas to combat time-selective fading and OFDM transmission in combination with an appropriate guard interval to suppress intersymbol interference. The receive diversity scheme is located in the frequency-domain and we derive different linear estimators, hereafter referred to as diversity equalizers. We show that the carrier-based solution for the optimum linear MMSE estimator-which is the least complex solution that maximizes the overall SNR is the well known maximum ratio combiner (MRC). Furthermore, we present a performance analysis for the proposed diversity equalizers and compare theoretical results to a simulated system which uses channel state information for MRC.
Physical origin of dynamic ion transport features through single conical nanopores at different bias frequencies (2013)

Ionic transport through nanometer scale channels or interfaces is the physical origin of the detection signals in stochastic single molecular sensing, DNA sequencing and nano-structured electrodes. Dynamic transport regulated by systematically varying the bias frequency has not been explored. In this report, ion transport through single conical nanopore platforms is studied by applying an alternating electrical field at a wide range of scan rates. Rich frequency-dependent features of the measured transport current are discovered. The complete transition of characteristic transport features from low to high scan rates or bias frequencies is demonstrated experimentally. Key dynamic features include: multiple hysteresis loops separated by one or two non-zero cross points in the I–V curves, shifts in cross point potentials at different scan rates, and growth and diminishment in the hysteresis loops with normal and negative phase shifts. Combined theoretical and experimental studies reveal different processes contributing to and dominating the total current responses on different time scales. The respective contributions of each type of transport process to the overall measured current signals are quantitatively separated based on the fundamental insights gained. Although these exciting experimental observations are successfully simulated using an optimized model by solving PNP equations, the experimental studies at this nanoscale dimension suggest substantial deviations from a continuum regime. Inputs from molecular theory are needed to further validate the proposed physical mechanism.
Meander-Folded Coupled Lines (1978)

The quarter wave meander-folded coupler is a compact device useful for frequencies up to a few gigahertz. The folding is shown to shorten the electric length of the coupler and a theory is presented for the calculation of this shortening effect. The theory shows that the even-mode circuit is shortened to a higher extent than the odd-mode circuit which in stripline causes a degradation of performance. A conformal mapping technique is presented for determining the characteristic impedances of some stripline structures necessary for the theory. The theory is verified by experimental meander-folded stripline couplers. It is also experimentally shown that the meander-folded microstsip coupler can be designed to equalize the even- and the odd-mode lengths.
Spectral, Acid−Base, and Laser Characteristics of 1,4-Bis[β-(2-quinolyl)vinyl]benzene (BQVB) (1996)

The diolefinic dye BQVB is an efficient fluorescer with φf values as high as 0.82 in n-heptane. The dye exhibits low values of the excited state lifetimes of ca. 0.4 ns. Both electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra are sensitive to medium acidity, and in acidic media a strong fluorescence is obtained at 500 nm. The laser activity of BQVB has been investigated. The dye solution in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) gives laser emission around 450 nm upon excitation by 337.1 nm nitrogen laser pulse. The excited state absorption S2 ← S1 of BQVB has been measured using laser flash photolysis, and in DMF the S2 ← S1 absorption occurs at ca. 762 nm. Energy transfer from BQVB to rhodamine 6G and to molecular oxygen has been studied. The quantum yields for the trans−cis photoisomerization (φc) of BQVB in different organic solvents are also reported.
A Fuzzy Logic-Based System for Indoor Localization Using WiFi in Ambient Intelligent Environments (2012)

Ambient intelligence is a new information paradigm, where people are empowered through a digital environment that is “aware” of their presence and context and is sensitive, adaptive, and responsive to their needs. Hence, one of the important requirements for ambient intelligent environments (AIEs) is the ability to localize the whereabouts of the user in the AIE to address her/his needs. In order to protect user privacy, the use of cameras is not desirable in AIEs, and hence, there is a need to rely on nonintrusive sensors. There are various localization means that are available for outdoor spaces such as those which rely on satellite signals triangulation. However, these outdoor localization means cannot be used in indoor environments. The majority of nonintrusive and noncamera-based indoor localization systems require the installation of extra hardware such as ultrasound emitters/antennas, radio-frequency identification (RFID) antennas, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel indoor localization system that is based on WiFi signals which are free to receive, and they are available in abundance in the majority of domestic spaces. However, free WiFi signals are noisy and uncertain, and their strengths and availability are continuously changing. Hence, we present a fuzzy logic-based system which employs free available WiFi signals to localize a given user in AIEs. The proposed system receives WiFi signals from a large number of existing WiFi access points (up to 170 access points), where no prior knowledge of the access points locations and the environment is required. The system employs an incremental lifelong learning approach to adjust its behavior to the varying and changing WiFi signals to provide a zero-cost localization system which can provide high accuracy in real-world living spaces. We have compared our system in both simulated and real environments with other relevant techniques in the literature, and we have found that our system outperforms the other systems in the offline learning process, whereas our system was the only system which is capable of performing online learning and adaptation. The proposed system was tested in real-world spaces from a living lab intelligent apartment (iSpace) to a town center apartment to a block of offices. In all these experiments, our system has been highly accurate in detecting the user in the given AIEs, and the system was able to adapt its behavior to changes in the AIE or the WiFi signals. We envisage that the proposed system will play an important role in AIEs, especially for privacy concerned situations like elderly care scenarios.
E-278 - ORDENS RÉGIAS 1681-1809. Um códice do Arquivo da Cúria Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (2015)

Este trabalho é um instrumento de pesquisa que apresenta o livro ou códice E-278 - Ordens Régias 1681-1809, localizado no Arquivo da Cúria Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Contém um índice de ordens, alvarás e cartas reunidas sob a rubrica "ordens régias", expedidas em nome do soberano e transmitidas ao bispado do Rio de Janeiro entre 1681 e 1809. Acompanha o índice uma introdução sobre a documentação e um panorama dos assuntos tratados. O trabalho é um dos resultados da pesquisa Irmandades, Capelas e Rituais no Rio de Janeiro do século XVIII, desenvolvida na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A publicação do referido códice, entre três que a pesquisa selecionou, é importante para a história do Rio de Janeiro no Antigo Regime e sua inserção no império português.
Induced abortion at Mulago Hospital Kampala, 1983 - 1987: a case for contraception and abortion laws' reform. (1992)

In Uganda, university students interviewed 1180 abortion cases admitted to the gynecological emergency ward at New Mulago Hospital in Kampala during 1983-1987 to examine the magnitude of induced abortion at this referral/teaching hospital. Obvious induced abortions, probable induced abortions, and spontaneous abortions comprised 25.4% (300), 40.7% (480), and 33.9% (400), respectively. Further analysis was only conducted on the 300 induced abortion cases. All but 4% (12) of induced abortion cases were younger than 25. Adolescents comprised 67.7% of all induced abortion cases. No one over 34 had an induced abortion. Most induced abortion cases (79%) had never been married. Induced abortion was most common among students (49.7%) and single working women (30.3%) and least common among full-time housewives (5.7%). Induced abortion had a positive association with education (no schooling = 1.3%, primary = 2%, secondary = 53.7%, and university = 23.7%). Christians were more likely to undergo induced abortion than Moslems (43.3% for Protestants and 46.3% for Catholics vs. 10.3% for Moslems). Most of the induced abortion cases had been pregnant with their first pregnancy (57.3%). The main method of pregnancy termination was dilatation and curettage (53.3%). Physicians (91%) performed most of the induced, albeit illegal, abortions. 56.6% of induced abortion patients stayed in the hospital for no more than 13 days. Patients who stayed for more than two days had serious complications, including hemorrhage (39.7%), sepsis (21%), and genital perforation (15.3%). The main reasons the women sought an induced abortion were desire for more education (48.7%) and fear of parents (25.7%). The induced abortion related mortality rate was 3.3%. These induced abortion cases were probably faced with an unwanted pregnancy. Most knew about family planning, but had not used any of family planning methods. Liberalization of contraception and reform of the abortion law should occur to provide women family planning and legal, inexpensive, and safe abortion services.
The Variation of Lattice Parameter with Carbon Content of Niobium Carbide (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Variation of Lattice Parameter with Carbon Content of Niobium CarbideE. K. Storms and N. H. KrikorianCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 10, 1747–1749Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150580a042https://doi.org/10.1021/j150580a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Directional variation of visual range due to anisotropic atmospheric brightness (2005)

The meteorological optical range (MOR) is the greatest distance at which a nonluminous object is barely discernible. Koschmieder related the optical atmospheric extinction coefficient to the contrast between the object and its background. His law assumes a uniform atmosphere and yields an isotropic value of the MOR. The model presented here incorporates the effect of anisotropic atmospheric brightness on contrast (and thus on the MOR). The Koschmieder MOR is then decreased by a factor according to the brightness prevailing in the direction of assessment. Manual assessments of the MOR made in arbitrary directions are shown to agree satisfactorily with the derated MOR. Minor modifications to existing instruments at airports would enable the instruments to register true values of the MOR and the runway visual range in directions relevant to the pilot, i.e., along the runway.
PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodes in Costas loop (1990)

5-Gb/s optical PSK (phase-shift keying) homodyne detection experiments are discussed. In these experiments, the optical carrier is recovered by a Costas optical phase-locked loop using a multielectrode local oscillator (DFB) laser diode at 1.55 mu m with a flat FM response. Although the beat linewidth of 80 kHz is broad compared to the loops in other phase-locked loop (PLL) experiments, phase locking with Costas loop is confirmed at 5 Gb/s by increasing the loop natural frequency. The receiver sensitivity is -42.2 dBm or 93 photon/bit for a 2/sup 7/-1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) in front of a 90 degrees hydride.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories (1989)

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the recently developed Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure on traumatic memory symptomatology. Twenty‐two subjects suffering from symptoms related to traumatic memories were used in the study. All had been victims of traumatic incidents concerning the Vietnam War, childhood sexual molestation, sexual or physical assault, or emotional abuse. Memories of the traumatic incident were pivotal to the presenting complaints which included intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, sleep disturbances, low self‐esteem, and relationship problems. Dependent variables were (1) anxiety level, (2) validity of a positive self‐statement/assessment of the traumatic incident, and (3) presenting complaints. These measures were obtained at the initial session and at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up sessions. The results of the study indicated that a single session of the EMD procedure successfully desensitized the subjects' traumatic memories and dramatically altered their cognitive assessments of the situation, effects that were maintained through the 3‐month follow‐up check. This therapeutic benefit was accompanied by behavioral shifts which included the alleviation of the subjects' primary presenting complaints.
Constituent Parsing with Incremental Sigmoid Belief Networks (2007)

We introduce a framework for syntactic parsing with latent variables based on a form of dynamic Sigmoid Belief Networks called Incremental Sigmoid Belief Networks. We demonstrate that a previous feed-forward neural network parsing model can be viewed as a coarse approximation to inference with this class of graphical model. By constructing a more accurate but still tractable approximation, we significantly improve parsing accuracy, suggesting that ISBNs provide a good idealization for parsing. This generative model of parsing achieves state-of-theart results on WSJ text and 8% error reduction over the baseline neural network parser.
Water and oil repellency of polysiloxanes with highly fluorinated alkyl side chains (2002)

Abstract A series of fluorinated polysiloxanes (FLSs) with the 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6‐nonafluorohexyl group (C 4 F 9 C 2 H 4 ), 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11‐heptadecafluoroundecyl group (C 8 F 17 C 3 H 6 ), 3‐(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9‐heptadecafluorononanamido) propyl group [HDFNAG; C 8 F 17 (CO)NHC 3 H 6 ], and 3‐( N ‐methyl‐2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9‐heptadecafluorononanamido) propyl group [C 8 F 17 (CO)N(CH 3 )C 3 H 6 ] were synthesized. Their homopolymers (homo‐FLSs) and copolymers with dimethylsiloxane (co‐FLSs) were included. The polyester fabrics were treated with these FLSs, and their water and oil repellency was evaluated. These fabrics showed a moderate to good level of water repellency but a poor to zero level of oil repellency, except for those fabrics treated with homo‐FLSs with HDFNAG. The characterization of the surface chemical composition by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the concentration of fluorine at the surface was not particularly high for poly(ethylene terephthalate) films treated with homo‐FLSs with HDFNAG. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of these FLSs revealed that only homo‐FLSs with HDFNAG had a high melting temperature of 75.7°C. These two measurements suggested that the reason the fabrics treated with homo‐FLSs with HDFNAG showed good oil repellency was not because the concentration of fluorine at the surface was much higher than for the others but because the reorientation of HDFNAG did not take place for its packing after contact with oil. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1085–1091, 2003
A normalized approach to the design of low-loss optical waveguide bends (1993)

A normalized approach for optimal design of abrupt junctions between straight and curved waveguides operating in the whispering gallery mode regime is presented. The optimization includes the widths of both the straight and the curved waveguides, the lateral offset between them, and the bending radius of the curved waveguide. With this approach, optimum bend design is possible from a simple set of formulas or normalized graphs. Predicted transmission losses for optimally designed junctions are well below 0.1 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>