gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus–transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells without pretransplant irradiation conditioning (2003)

Infusion of transduced hematopoietic stem cells into nonmyeloablated hosts results in ineffective in vivo levels of transduced cells. To increase the proportion of transduced cells in vivo, selection based on P140K O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT[P140K]) gene transduction and O(6)-benzylguanine/1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BG/BCNU) treatment has been devised. In this study, we transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) with MGMT(P140K) using a lentiviral vector and infused them into BG/BCNU–conditioned NOD/SCID mice before rounds of BG/BCNU treatment as a model for in vivo selection. Engraftment was not observed until the second round of BG/BCNU treatment, at which time human cells emerged to compose up to 20% of the bone marrow. Furthermore, 99% of human CFCs derived from NOD/SCID mice were positive for provirus as measured by PCR, compared with 35% before transplant and 11% in untreated irradiation-preconditioned mice, demonstrating selection. Bone marrow showed BG-resistant O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT) activity, and CFUs were stained intensely for AGT protein, indicating high transgene expression. Real-time PCR estimates of the number of proviral insertions in individual CFUs ranged from 3 to 22. Selection resulted in expansion of one or more SRC clones containing similar numbers of proviral copies per mouse. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence of potent in vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus–transduced human SRCs following BG/BCNU treatment.
Whole-Genome Amplification by Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed PCR (DOP-PCR) (2008)

INTRODUCTIONPCR-based whole-genome amplification (WGA) has the goal of generating microgram quantities of genome-representative DNA from picogram or nanogram amounts of starting material. This amplification should introduce little, or ideally no, representational bias. Unlike other techniques for WGA, PCR-based methods are generally less affected by DNA quality and are more applicable to DNA extracted from various sources (fixed and fresh tissues). The degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) method described here allows complete genome coverage in a single reaction. In contrast to the pairs of target-specific primer sequences used in traditional PCR, only a single primer, which has defined sequences at its 5'-end (containing an XhoI restriction site) and 3'-end and a random hexamer sequence between them, is used here. DOP-PCR comprises two different cycling stages. In stage 1 (low stringency), low-temperature annealing and extension in the first five to eight cycles occurs at many binding sites in the genome. The 3'-end of the primer binds at sites in the genome complementary to the 6-bp well-defined sequence at the 3'-end of the primer (~10(6) sites in the human genome). The adjacent random hexamer sequence (displaying all possible combinations of the nucleotides A, G, C, and T) can then anneal and tags these sequences with the DOP primer. In stage 2 (high stringency; >25 cycles), the PCR annealing temperature is raised, which increases priming specificity during amplification of the tagged sequence. DOP-PCR generates a smear of DNA fragments (200-1000 bp) that are visible on an agarose gel.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue diseases (2010)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an important complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD) and especially seen in systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). In systemic sclerosis, PAH is isolated or accompanied by interstitial lung disease and currently, a major cause of mortality. It has been shown to be developed in approximately 10% of cases and annual screening with echocardiography has been recommended. Right heart catheterization is required for definite diagnosis. Limited skin involvement, late onset, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, telangiectasias, diminished nail fold capillaries, anti-U3RNP and anticentromere antibodies are known as risk factors for PAH development in systemic sclerosis. Following diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) levels can be helpful for evaluating PAH development. PAH in SLE linked to antiphospholipid antibodies and Raynaud's phenomenon in some studies. MCTD is an overlap syndrome with features of systemic sclerosis, SLE, polymyositis and positive anti-U1RNP antibodies. PAH develops in 9-27% of the patients and the leading cause of mortality in patients with MCTD. Endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogs and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are being used in patients with systemic sclerosis. In SLE/MCTD patients with early diagnosis immunosuppressive treatments may be effective.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Bisoprolol Enantiomers in Humans (1998)

The plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of bisoprolol enantiomers in four Japanese male healthy volunteers after a single oral administration of 20 mg of racemic bisoprolol were evaluated. The AUC(infinity) and elimination half-life of (S)-(-)-bisoprolol were slightly larger than those of (R)-(+)-bisoprolol in all subjects. The metabolic clearance of (R)-(+)-bisoprolol was significantly (P < 0.05) larger than that of (S)-(-)-bisoprolol (S/R ratio: 0.79+/-0.03), although the difference was small. In contrast, no stereoselective in vitro protein binding of bisoprolol in human plasma was found. An in vitro metabolic study using recombinant human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms indicated that oxidation of both bisoprolol enantiomers was catalyzed by the two isoforms, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. CYP2D6 metabolized bisoprolol stereoselectively (R > S), whereas the metabolism of bisoprolol by CYP3A4 was not stereoselective. The S/R ratio of the mean clearance due to renal tubular secretion was 0.68, indicating a moderate degree of stereoselective renal tubular secretion. These findings taken together suggest that the small differences in the pharmacokinetics between (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-bisoprolol are mainly due to the stereoselectivity in the intrinsic metabolic clearance by CYP2D6 and renal tubular secretion.
Action of YAE on the digestion enzymes of Abraxas Miranda and Pieris rapae (2000)

24~48 hours after the larva have eaten leaves contaminated with Yuanhua (Daphne genkwa) alchohol crude extract (YAE), the activities of digestion enzymes (Amylaes, Esterases, lnvertase. Proteinase) and GSTs are enhanced; thereafter the activities decline to or become lower than the level of control. Electron microscope pictures show that the number of micro-protein-paticles on RER is increased and mitochondria becomes larger in the period; after then the inner ridges of mitochondria become indistinct, and the inner contents of mitochondria are depleted. These phenomena explain the dynamics of the digestion enzymes, GSTs and the lost weight of insects in the posterior period.
Engineering wafers for the nanotechnology era (2005)

Nanotechnology starts at the substrate level. Engineered substrates are one of the most important innovations of the nanotechnology era driven by the vanishing boundary between substrate design and device architecture. SOI substrates, the first engineered substrate of its kind, have made possible an efficient optimization of MOSFET current drive while minimizing the leakage and reducing parasitic elements, thus enhancing the overall IC performance. Strained silicon, hybrid orientation SOI, and germanium on insulator have all added new handles to traditional scaling to further improve device and IC performance. An overview of the advances in Smart Cut engineered substrates and the impact on device performance is given.
An In Depth View of Saliency (2013)

Visual saliency is a computational process that identifies important locations and structure in the visual field. Most current methods for saliency rely on cues such as color and texture while ignoring depth information, which is known to be an important saliency cue in the human cognitive system. We propose a novel computational model of visual saliency which incorporates depth information. We compare our approach to several state of the art visual saliency methods and we introduce a method for saliency based segmentation of generic objects. We demonstrate that by explicitly constructing 3D layout and shape features from depth measurements, we can obtain better performance than methods which treat the depth map as just another image channel. Our method requires no learning and can operate on scenes for which the system has no previous knowledge. We conduct object segmentation experiments on a new dataset of registered RGB-D images captured on a mobile-manipulator robot.
A Review of 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving of Electric Vehicles (2021)

In recent years, electric vehicles have achieved rapid development. Intelligence is one of the important trends to promote the development of electric vehicles. As a result, autonomous driving system is becoming one of the core systems of electric vehicles. Considering that environmental perception is the basis of intelligent planning and safe decision-making for intelligent vehicles, this paper presents a survey of the existing perceptual methods in vehicles, especially 3D object detection, which guarantees the reliability and safety of vehicles. In this review, we first introduce the role of perceptual module in autonomous driving system and a relationship with other modules. Then, we classify and analyze the corresponding perception methods based on the different sensors. Finally, we compare the performance of the surveyed works on public datasets and discuss the possible future research interests.
Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury During Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment (2009)

A 71-year-old woman with Sjogren’s syndrome and giant cell arteritis was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (6 g protein/250 ml, stabilized with sucrose 10 g/flacon, NaCl 0.02 g/g protein) for peripheral sensory motor neuropathy — an unlabeled use of the drug1,2.

The dose of IVIG was 400 mg/kg/day for 5 days. During administration of the third flacon of IVIG (12 grams had been already infused over 4 hours …
Scheduling and routing algorithms for AGVs: A survey (2002)

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are now becoming popular in automated materials handling systems, flexible manufacturing systems and even container handling applications. In the past few decades, much research has been devoted to the technology of AGV systems and rapid progress has been witnessed. As one of the enabling technologies, scheduling and routing of AGVs have attracted considerable attention. Many algorithms for the scheduling and routing of AGVs have been proposed. However, most of the existing results are applicable to systems with a small number of AGVs, offering a low degree of concurrency. With a drastically increased number of AGVs in recent applications (e.g. in the order of a hundred in a container handling system), efficient algorithms are needed to resolve the increased contention of resources (e.g. path, loading and unloading buffers) among AGVs. This survey paper first gives an account of the emergence of the problem of AGV scheduling and routing. It then differentiates it from several related problems and classifies major existing algorithms for the problem. Finally, the paper points out fertile areas for future study of AGV scheduling and routing.
Theoretical Investigations on THz and Optical Superconductive Surface Plasmon Interface (2009)

Surface plasmonic regime is investigated at the flat interface of a superconductor and nonmagnetic dielectric. Using the two-fluid model and the BCS theory, the complex dielectric constant of a superconductor is examined for the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Emphasizing the plasmonic regime in the superconducting state, it is shown how the THz and optical surface waves with transverse magnetic (TM) modes can be coupled to the collective excitation of Cooper pairs at the superconductor/dielectric interface. The propagation characteristics of such surface waves are discussed followed by some numerical simulations.
Platelet-activating factor and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>impair esophageal ACh release in experimental esophagitis (2005)

ACh is a neurotransmitter in cat esophageal circular muscle, as atropine nearly abolishes contraction of in vitro circular muscle strips in response to electric field stimulation (EFS) (5, 12). Experimental esophagitis reduced EFS- but not ACh-induced contraction of esophageal circular muscle, suggesting that esophagitis impairs neurotransmitter release. Because IL-1beta and IL-6 are produced in esophagitis and reproduce these changes in normal esophageal muscle (12), we examined the role of IL-1beta and IL-6 in this motor dysfunction. IL-1beta, IL-6 (12), H2O2, PGE2, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were elevated in esophagitis specimens. Normal muscle incubated (2 h) in IL-1beta and IL-6 had increases in H2O2, PGE2, and PAF levels. H2O2 contributed to increased PGE2 and PAF, as the increase was partially (60-80%) reversed by the H2O2 scavenger catalase. EFS-induced [3H]ACh release from muscle strips significantly (42%) decreased in esophagitis and after 2 h incubation in PGE2 and in PAF C-16. Similarly, EFS-induced but not ACh-induced muscle contraction decreased in esophagitis and after incubation in PGE2 and PAF C-16. Finally, in normal muscle strips treated with IL-1beta electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction was partially restored by indomethacin or by the PAF antagonist CV3988 and was completely restored by the combination of CV3988 and indomethacin, whereas in strips treated with IL-6, EFS-induced contraction was partially restored by the PAF antagonist CV3988 and not affected by indomethacin. We conclude that IL-1beta-induced production of H2O2 causes formation of PGE2 and PAF that inhibit ACh release from esophageal cholinergic neurons without affecting ACh-induced contraction of esophageal circular muscle. IL-6 causes production of H2O2, PAF, and other unidentified inflammatory mediators.
Suppressor cell function in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with clinical disease activity (1979)

Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated suppressor cell activity was determined in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who had been assigned to one of three subgroups, those with active disease, those recovering from a flare-up, and those with stable disease. The level of suppression induced by the Con A-activated suppressor cells on the mitogenic response of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes was reduced in patients with active disease (3 +/- 8%) compared with stable patients (30 +/- 8%), patients recovering from a flare-up (62 +/- 5%), and controls (40 +/- 5%). As a measure of the actual amounts of suppressor factors released, the effect of supernatants from the Con A-activated cells on the proliferative activity of a dividing cell line (L cells) was determined concurrently. The inhibitory effect of supernatants from activated cells was reduced in active and stable MS patients (7 +/- 3%) compared to controls (21 +/- 4%). Three of 4 with active MS showed mildly elevated immune complex levels as measured by the Raji cell technique; each of these patients had low suppressor activity. Levamisole (1 microgram per milliliter) failed to alter suppressor cell activity in our in vitro system.
Personalized PageRank Estimation and Search: A Bidirectional Approach (2015)

We present new algorithms for Personalized PageRank estimation and Personalized PageRank search. First, for the problem of estimating Personalized PageRank (PPR) from a source distribution to a target node, we present a new bidirectional estimator with simple yet strong guarantees on correctness and performance, and 3x to 8x speedup over existing estimators in experiments on a diverse set of networks. Moreover, it has a clean algebraic structure which enables it to be used as a primitive for the Personalized PageRank Search problem: Given a network like Facebook, a query like "people named John", and a searching user, return the top nodes in the network ranked by PPR from the perspective of the searching user. Previous solutions either score all nodes or score candidate nodes one at a time, which is prohibitively slow for large candidate sets. We develop a new algorithm based on our bidirectional PPR estimator which identifies the most relevant results by sampling candidates based on their PPR; this is the first solution to PPR search that can find the best results without iterating through the set of all candidate results. Finally, by combining PPR sampling with sequential PPR estimation and Monte Carlo, we develop practical algorithms for PPR search, and we show via experiments that our algorithms are efficient on networks with billions of edges.
Sulforaphane Protects Cells against Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammation in Murine Macrophages (2019)

Inflammation is an essential part for the general or innate immune defenses to defend against tissue damage and accelerate the curing process by providing protection against pathogens. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural isothiocyanate that has potential properties against inflammation, along with other protective functions. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism of its protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Here, we compared LPS-challenged macrophages with or without SFN pretreatment. Macrophages were pre-incubated for 6 h with a wide range of concentrations of SFN (0 to 50 µM), and then treated with LPS for 24 h. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration and gene expression of different inflammatory mediators, i.e., interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β, were measured. SFN neither directly reacted with cytokines, nor with NO. To understand the mechanisms, we performed analyses of the expression of regulatory enzyme inducible nitic oxide synthase (iNOS), the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its enzyme heme-oxygenase (HO)-1. Our results revealed that LPS increased significantly the expression of inflammatory cytokines and concentration of NO in non-treated cells. SFN was able to prevent the expression of NO and cytokines through regulating inflammatory enzyme iNOS and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction pathway.
Mechanisms of the Gastric Antiulcerogenic Activity of Anacardium humile St. Hil on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats (2010)

Leaves and bark infusions Anacardium humile St. Hil. (Anacardiaceae), known as in Brazil as "cajuzinho do cerrado", have been used in folk medicine as an alternative treatment for ulcers and gastritis. This study evaluated the gastroprotective activity of an ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A. humile (AcF) and the mechanism involved in this gastroprotection. Pretreatment concentrations (50, 100, 200 mg x kg⁻¹) were administered by gavage. Following a 60 min. period, all the rats were orally administered 1 mL of absolute ethanol. One hour after the administration of ethanol, all groups were sacrificed, and the gastric ulcer index was calculated. Prostaglandin PGE₂ concentration, gastric adherent mucous, and the participation of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl compounds in the gastroprotection process were also analyzed using the most effective tested dose (50 mg x kg⁻¹). A histological study of the glandular stomach for the evaluation of the epithelial damage and mucus content was also performed. AcF significantly reduced the gastric damage produced by ethanol. This effect was statistically significant for the 50 mg x kg⁻¹ group compared to control. Also, it significantly increased the PGE₂ (by 10-fold) and mucous production, while pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) completely abolished the gastroprotection. AcF has a protective effect against ethanol, and this effect, might be due to the augmentation of the protective mechanisms of mucosa.
Spindle waves are propagating synchronized oscillations in the ferret LGNd in vitro (1995)

1. The cellular features of propagation of spindle waves and a bicuculline-induced slow oscillation through sagittal slices of the ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) maintained in vitro were examined with simultaneous extracellular and intracellular recordings from up to eight sites. Spindle waves typically propagated along the long axis (dorsal-ventral) of the sagittal slice at a speed of 0.3-1.5 mm/s and were synchronized along the line of projection between the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) and the A, A1, and C laminae. 2. Spindle waves can be initiated with local electrical stimulation or can occur spontaneously in any part of the LGNd/PGN. On initiation of a spindle wave, spindle waves propagate away from the site of initiation. Spindle waves may propagate only locally or may collide with other spindle waves. Collision of spindle waves is associated with synchronization of the two network oscillations, and the spindle waves do not propagate past one another. 3. Repetitive electrical stimulation reveals that spindle wave generation and propagation exhibit a relative refractory period of between 7 and 14 s in vitro. Stimulation at rates of less than the refractory period results in the generation of abbreviated local spindle waves at the stimulation site, but not in the propagation of this spindle wave into adjacent regions of the slice. 4. Local block of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) excitatory amino acid receptors in the PGN with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) prevents the propagation of spindle waves across the point of application, indicating that the excitation of PGN neurons by thalamocortical cells is essential to the propagation of these oscillations. The local antagonism of non-NMDA receptors in the PGN results in the dorsal and ventral aspects of the LGNd slice behaving as independent spindle wave generators, even if before application of CNQX they were not. 5. Activation of a burst discharge in a single PGN neuron can result in the generation of a full spindle wave and the propagation of this spindle wave both dorsally and ventrally through the slice away from the activated PGN neuron. The ability of a burst of action potentials in a PGN neuron to generate a spindle wave is suppressed immediately after the generation of a spindle wave, but slowly returns over a 7- to 14-s period corresponding to the relative spindle wave refractory period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mouse potency assay for Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterins (1977)

A potency assay for Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterins has been developed using mice. The immunogenicities of three bacterins, B, C, and D, were evaluated for ability to prevent death in mice as compared with a reference standard bacterin (RSB-A). Bacterins RSB-A, B, and C were evaluated for ability to prevent death in mice as compared with a reference standard bacterin (RSB-A). Bacterins RSB-A, B, and C were evaluated in swine for efficacy against nasal turbinate atrophy. Swine immunized with RSB-A demonstrated 25% gross nasal turbinate atrophy (GNTA), whereas nonimmunized swine had 85% GNTA. Swine vaccinated with bacterins B and C demonstrated 0 and 100% GNTA, respectively, whereas the nonimmunized groups had 64 and 75% GNTA, respectively. RSB-A and bacterins B, C, and D provided average mouse survivals of 94, 88, 49, and 32%, respectively when the mice were given 1/10,000 of a recommended swine-immunizing dose, whereas an average of 88% of the unvaccinated mice died.