gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximating a finite metric by a small number of tree metrics (2002)

Y. Bartal (1996, 1998) gave a randomized polynomial time algorithm that given any n point metric G, constructs a tree T such that the expected stretch (distortion) of any edge is at most O (log n log log n). His result has found several applications and in particular has resulted in approximation algorithms for many graph optimization problems. However approximation algorithms based on his result are inherently randomized. In this paper we derandomize the use of Bartal's algorithm in the design of approximation algorithms. We give an efficient polynomial time algorithm that given a finite n point metric G, constructs O(n log n) trees and a probability distribution /spl mu/ on them such that the expected stretch of any edge of G in a tree chosen according to /spl mu/ is at most O(log n log log n). Our result establishes that finite metrics can be probabilistically approximated by a small number of tree metrics. We obtain the first deterministic approximation algorithms for buy-at-bulk network design and vehicle routing; in addition we subsume results from our earlier work on derandomization. Our main result is obtained by a novel view of probabilistic approximation of metric spaces as a deterministic optimization problem via linear programming.
[The state of regional hemodynamics after performance of operations of the portogastroesophageal blood flow disconnection in liver cirrhosis]. (2000)

There were examined 112 patients, to whom the various kinds of separating operations were done. After the gastroesophageal junction suturing performance the even venous pressure raising in all parts of the stomach was noted. After performance of the original intervention, directed on the hemorrhage from varicose gastroesophageal veins elimination, the pressure in the high gastric portion had lowered and hyperdynamical state of blood circulation in this zone had normalized. The operation performance for separation of gastroesophageal venous system from the v. porta system had promoted the pressure lowering in upper portion of stomach veins and in v. gastroepiploica. After performance of the operations, directed on separation of portoesophageal blood flow, the pressure and volumetric speed of the blood flow in v. porta had raised.
Organization of cytoskeletal structures in 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones of different metastatic potentials. (1987)

The correlation between metastatic potential and the organization of microtubules and microfilaments in nine cell lines and clones derived from the 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma was investigated using immunofluorescence techniques. Cell sizes and morphologies of cell clones isolated from the locally growing 13762NF tumor were heterogeneous; those derived from spontaneous metastases were more homogeneous. The organization of microtubules was similar in cells of various 13762NF lines and clones, and differences could not be detected with the techniques employed. The organization of microfilaments was very heterogeneous within some clones but homogeneous within others. Correlations between microfilament organization and origin of a cell line or clone or its metastatic potential were not found in this tumor system.
Summary [January 1978] (1978)

This brief provides a summary of the world, UK and Scottish economic outlook. The upward movement in the Scotland/UK unemployment relative over the past few quarters is unlikely to portend a return to the poor relative performance of the Scottish economy which occurred in the early nineteen sixties. Nevertheless the outlook for the Scottish economy in 1978 is not very encouraging.
Enolase-alpha is frequently down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer and predicts aggressive biological behavior. (2003)

Our results indicate down-regulation of enolase-alpha is common in NSCLC and may play an important role in lung tumorigenesis.
Molecular cloning, characterization, and tissue distribution of rat lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Evidence for extrahepatic expression. (1994)

LPS binding protein (LBP) is a glycoprotein present in normal serum that becomes markedly elevated during acute phase responses. LBP has been reported to greatly potentiate host responses to endotoxin or LPS. Therefore, LBP may play a critical role in the body's response to injury and infection. Little is known about the factors regulating production of LBP. To investigate the regulation of LBP expression, we have cloned the full-length cDNA for rat LBP. The deduced amino acid sequence of rat LBP was highly homologous with that reported for rabbit and human LBP. The sequence of rat LBP further refines the conserved regions found within the family of proteins that bind LPS; this family is comprised of bactericidal permeability-increasing protein and LBP from multiple species. Use of the rat LBP cDNA clone for Northern blot analysis reveals that LBP mRNA levels are markedly up-regulated in liver during acute phase responses. However, in contrast to previous reports, we also find evidence of extrahepatic expression of LBP under these induced conditions. The presence of LBP mRNA in activated tissues other than liver suggests that LBP may play a larger role in local tissue responses to LPS than previously appreciated.
Investigations of Protonated and Deprotonated Water Clusters Using a Low-Temperature 22-Pole Ion Trap (2003)

A new tandem mass spectrometer, containing a temperature-variable 22-pole ion trap, has been constructed. It is applied, as a first application, to kinetic and spectroscopic investigation of charged water clusters produced from a supersonic expansion. Using low-pressure He or H2 as buffer gas for collisional thermalization, refrigeration of the ion trap allows a good control of the cluster temperature over the range 77−350 K. It provides an accurate means of determining the dissociation energies of both protonated and deprotonated water cluster ions [H+(H2O)n and OH-(H2O)m] by measuring the dissociation rates at various temperatures along with their internal energies calculated from vibrational frequencies provided by density functional theory calculations. In this report, results of the thermochemical measurements for H+(H2O)4-10 and OH-(H2O)3-7 at well-defined cluster temperatures are presented. The feasibility of using this ion trap to acquire temperature-dependent infrared spectra of charged water clusters is also demonstrated with H+(H2O)6.
Adaptive feature-based motion analysis and its application to interframe coding (1995)

Contemporary methods of interframe coding use motion estimation and compensation as a means of reducing the prediction error in algorithms which provide a large reduction in data rate. These methods can broadly be divided into two categories, pel recursive and block matching algorithms. Further work has investigated model-based coding, using the displacement and deformation of image objects as the criteria for interframe coding. Consideration of a typical audio-visual scene indicates that a motion search of the entire image is unnecessary, since motion is mainly concentrated in the detailed area around the subject's face. The technique described can be considered as a step between the simple full-search block matching method and the more involved approach of model-based coding. It is demonstrated that, using a low-resolution image, objects can be segmented into features of consistent texture, small enough to provide interframe detail and large enough to provide the basis of an algorithm of low complexity and real-time processing potential.
The attachment of a DNA‐binding Sso7d‐like protein improves processivity and resistance to inhibitors of M‐MuLV reverse transcriptase (2020)

Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are a standard tool in both fundamental studies and diagnostics. RTs should possess elevated temperature optimum, high thermal stability, processivity and tolerance to contaminants. Here, we constructed a set of chimeric RTs, based on the combination of the Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) RT and either of two DNA-binding domains: the DNA-binding domain of the DNA ligase from Pyrococcus abyssi or the DNA-binding Sto7d protein from Sulfolobus tokodaii. The processivity and efficiency of cDNA synthesis of the chimeric RT with Sto7d at the C-end are increased several fold. The attachment of Sto7d enhances the tolerance of M-MuLV RT to the most common amplification inhibitors: NaCl, urea, guanidinium chloride, formamide, components of human whole blood and human blood plasma. Thus, fusing M-MuLV RT with an additional domain results in more robust and efficient RTs.
A low-power switched-capacitor passive sigma-delta modulator (2015)

A passive 2nd-order sigma-delta modulator using switched-capacitor based filters was designed, fabricated, and tested. A novel 2nd-order single feedback path topology is used. All circuitry is optimized for low power operation through the use of minimum size MOSFETs, component reduction and topology choice. The modulator was fabricated in On Semiconductor's C5 500-nm process. The implementation achieves a typical SNDR of above 50 dB for tested frequencies of 10 Hz to 3 kHz and has a peak SNDR of 57.8 dB, which corresponds to an ENOB of 9.3 bits. With a 2.5 V supply, the power consumption of the sigma-delta modulator is 6.75 μW. The modulator achieves a FOM of 1.78 pJ/step.
Phased Fiber Growth in a Peptide Conjugate:  Aggregation and Disaggregation Studies (2007)

A glycine-rich, short pentapeptide conjugate 6, derived from the highly conserved copper-binding octarepeat region of the prion protein, exhibits a tendency to self-aggregate in a time-dependent fashion. Aging of 6 afforded an insight into the phased growth of spherical prefibrillar structures to fibers of long persistence length, as observed by a combination of microscopic techniques. Interestingly, growth of these fibers was inhibited by colchicine, a known inhibitor of microtubule polymerization in a concentration dependent fashion. This study offers an intriguing insight into the occurrence of prefibrillar intermediates on the path to the formation of full length peptide fibers. It is also envisaged that constructs such as 6 may also serve as simple models to study chemical intervention of protein aggregation.
Circulating D‐dimer levels are better predictors of overall survival and disease progression than carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (2004)

The current study indicates that fibrin remodeling is an important prognostic feature in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. D-dimer levels should be incorporated into prognostic models, and D-dimer may represent a useful biomarker for patients treated with antiangiogenic agents.
Human Motion Tracking Using 3D Camera (2010)

The interest in video surveillance has increased in recent years. Cameras are now installed in e.g. stores, arenas and prisons. The video data is analyzed to detect abnormal or undesirable events such as thefts, fights and escapes. At the Informatics Unit at the division of Information Systems, FOI in Linköping, algorithms are developed for automatic detection and tracking of humans in video data. This thesis deals with the target tracking problem when a 3D camera is used. A 3D camera creates images whose pixels represent the ranges to the scene. In recent years, new camera systems have emerged where the range images are delivered at up to video rate (30 Hz). One goal of the thesis is to determine how range data affects the frequency with which the measurement update part of the tracking algorithm must be performed. Performance of the 2D tracker and the 3D tracker are evaluated with both simulated data and measured data from a 3D camera. It is concluded that the errors in the estimated image coordinates are independent of whether range data is available or not. The small angle and the relatively large distance to the target explains the good performance of the 2D tracker. The 3D tracker however shows superior tracking ability (much smaller tracking error) if the comparison is made in the world coordinates.
Transcription factor Sp1 is expressed by three different developmentally regulated messenger ribonucleic acids in mouse spermatogenic cells (1996)

Gene expression during spermatogenesis is highly cell- and stage-specific and involves the complex interplay of multiple developmentally regulated transcription factors. Recent evidence suggests that the DNA-binding protein Sp1 functions as an important trans-activator during cell development and differentiation. In the present study, the developmental expression of Sp1 was characterized during mouse spermatogenesis. Three distinct Sp1 transcripts were detected in mouse spermatogenic cells, each with a distinct developmental pattern; an 8.2-kilobase (kb) messenger RNA (mRNA) identical in size to the somatic mRNA expressed in spermatogonial cells, a larger mRNA approximately 8.8 kb in size present in meiotic cells, and a 2.4 kb mRNA in meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells. The 8.8- and 2.4-kb Sp1 transcripts were not observed in somatic cells and, thus, are male germ cell specific. Northern, ribonuclease protection, and RT-PCR assays revealed that the 2.4-kb Sp1 transcript is truncated in both the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions relative to the somatic mRNA and lacks a short segment of the N-terminal coding region. Polysome analysis further indicated that these germ cell-specific Sp1 mRNAs are translated, albeit with a lower efficiency than the somatic transcript. Consistent with these results, spermatogenic cells were shown to contain approximately 9-fold lower concentrations of Sp1 proteins that are approximately the same size as the somatic form. Of particular interest, the apparent affinity of Sp1 DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts from mouse germ cells was 5-fold greater than that in extracts from mouse somatic tissues. This may reflect the existence of mechanisms within mouse spermatogenic cells that compensate for the lower nuclear concentrations of Sp1 protein. These results suggest that cell- and stage-specific regulation of Sp1 gene expression and activity may be an important component of the mouse spermatogenic cell developmental program.
Innovation through Supply Chain Reconfiguration (2004)

The Internet has enabled companies to integrate and synchronize their inter- and intra-corporate processes. Seamless integration and tight synchronization have in turn allowed companies to configure their industry structure and value chain to their advantage by providing unique and customized products and services. Because it is more difficult to replicate integrated and synchronous processes than individual ones, tightly-coupled, customer-centric value chains are likely to yield sustainable competitive advantage. This paper examines how a no-name Hong Kong-based apparel manufacturer, TAL Apparel Limited, has used IT strategically to gain competitive advantage in the cut-throat global apparel industry. We show how the company has developed a sophisticated information management system to manage the supply chain of its major retailer customers while at the same time providing backward integration into its own production and material sourcing networks. The initiative carries significant strategic implications for industry practitioners, highlighting the way a traditionally weak member in a global industry can use IT to step up the value chain. Lessons are drawn to show how companies can achieve sustainable competitive advantage through process integration and synchronization.
Topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people. The TOIB study (2008)

Advice to use either oral or topical preparations has an equivalent effect on knee pain, but oral NSAIDs appear to produce more minor adverse effects than topical NSAIDs. Generally, these results support advising older people with knee pain to use topical rather than oral NSAIDS. However, for patients who prefer oral NSAID preparations rather than a topical NSAID, particularly those with more widespread or severe pain, the oral route is a reasonable treatment option, provided that patients are aware of the risks of potentially serious adverse effects from oral medication. Further research is needed into strategies to change prescribing behaviour and ensure that older patients are aware of the potential risks and benefits of using NSAIDs. Observational studies are needed to estimate rates of different predefined minor adverse effects associated with the use of oral NSAIDs in older people as are long-term studies of topical NSAIDs in those for whom oral NSAIDs are not appropriate.
Clusterin Has Chaperone-like Activity Similar to That of Small Heat Shock Proteins (1999)

Clusterin is a highly conserved protein which is expressed at increased levels by many cell types in response to a broad variety of stress conditions. A genuine physiological function for clusterin has not yet been established. The results presented here demonstrate for the first time that clusterin has chaperone-like activity. At physiological concentrations, clusterin potently protected glutathione S-transferase and catalase from heat-induced precipitation and alpha-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin from precipitation induced by reduction with dithiothreitol. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data showed that clusterin bound preferentially to heat-stressed glutathione S-transferase and to dithiothreitol-treated bovine serum albumin and alpha-lactalbumin. Size exclusion chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses showed that clusterin formed high molecular weight complexes (HMW) with all four proteins tested. Small heat shock proteins (sHSP) also act in this way to prevent protein precipitation and protect cells from heat and other stresses. The stoichiometric subunit molar ratios of clusterin:stressed protein during formation of HMW complexes (which for the four proteins tested ranged from 1.0:1.3 to 1.0:11) is less than the reported ratios for sHSP-mediated formation of HMW complexes (1.0:1.0 or greater), indicating that clusterin is a very efficient chaperone. Our results suggest that clusterin may play a sHSP-like role in cytoprotection.
Development of Sorbers for the Recovery of Uranium from Seawater. Part 2. The Accumulation of Uranium from Seawater by Resins Containing Amidoxime and Imidoxime Functional Groups (1983)

Abstract Hydroxylamine derivatives of cross-linked poly(acrylonitriles), so-called poly(acrylamidoxime) resins, are suitable for the accumulation of uranium from natural seawater of pH = 8.1–8.3. Depending on the method of manufacture, these sorbers yield excellent uranium loadings up to some thousand ppm which roughly equals the average uranium content of actually explored uranium ores. The rate of uranium uptake, which is 5-30 ppm/d at room temperature, increases with increasing temperature of seawater. Uranium can be eluted by 1 M HCl with an elution efficiency of more than 90%. Owing to a certain instability of the uranium binding groups in acid eluants, the uranium uptake decreases with increasing number of sorption-elution cycles. Hydroxylamine derivatives of poly(acrylonitrile) are shown to contain simultaneously at least two kinds of functional groups: open-chain amidoxime groups which are stable and cyclic imidoxime groups which are unstable in 1 M HCl. Experimental evidence is presented that the uptake of uranium from natural seawater is closely related to the presence of cyclic imidoxime configurations in the poly acrylic lattice. Polystyrene and poly(glycidylmethacrylate)-based amidoxime and imide dioxime resins are less effective in extracting uranium from natural seawater.
An Absorbable Anastomotic Device for Microvascular Surgery (1984)

A new absorbable anastomotic device is presented. Over 200 anastomoses were done in the rabbit's carotid artery and posterior facial vein with an overall patency rate of 96 percent. Follow-up extended to 1 year in certain series. Its advantages over other devices include a consistently high patency rate, complete absorption by 70 days, lack of intraluminal foreign body, and simple instrumentation. Its principle advantage over suture anastomosis is a shortened insertion time (5 minutes). However, it does require additional vessel length for eversion and a skilled assistant. It can accommodate only limited vessel size discrepancies and has no capability for end-to-side anastomoses.
High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis-Pure Creatine Monohydrate Reduces Blood Lipids in Men and Women (1996)

1. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial utilizing creatine as a potential lipid-lowering agent was conducted to determine plasma lipid, lipoprotein, glucose, urea nitrogen and creatinine profiles in men and women ranging in age from 32 to 70 years. 2. Thirty-four subjects (18 men and 16 women) with total cholesterol concentrations exceeding 200 mg/dl received either a creatine supplement (5 g of creatine plus 1 g of glucose) or a glucose placebo (6 g of glucose) for 56 days. Creatine and placebo were taken orally four times a day for 5 days and then twice a day for 51 days. Plasma analyses were measured at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, and at 4 weeks after cessation of treatment (week 12). 3. Significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and very-low-density lipoprotein-C occurred within the creatine monohydrate group. Minor reductions in plasma total cholesterol from baseline (233 +/- 9 mg/dl) of 6% and 5% occurred at weeks 4 and 8, respectively, before returning to baseline at week 12. Baseline triacylglycerols (194 +/- 21 mg/dl) and very-low-density lipoprotein-C (39 +/- 4 mg/dl) were reduced by 23% and 22% at weeks 4 and 8, respectively, and remained attenuated by 26% at week 12. These results remained consistent when data were separated and analysed by gender. Finally, a small, but statistically significant increase in urea nitrogen was observed in women between baseline (11.8 +/- 0.7 mg/dl) and week 8 (13.8 +/- 0.7 mg/dl, P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted for low-density lipoprotein-C, high-density lipoprotein-C, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, glucose, creatinine, body mass, body mass index or physical activity within or between the experimental and placebo groups. However, a trend towards reduced blood glucose levels was present in males given creatine monohydrate (P = 0.051). 4. These preliminary data suggest that creatine monohydrate may modulate lipid metabolism in certain individuals. These observations may demonstrate practical efficacy to the hyperlipidaemic patient as well as providing possible new mechanistic insights into the cellular regulation of blood lipid concentrations.
Design of Centrifugal Spray Nozzles for Outputs Up to 1,800 Gallons Per Hour (1947)

Work previously carried out on spray nozzle design† provided data from which spray nozzles of defined characteristics could be constructed having an output range of from 4 to 200 gal. per hour. This proved inadequate for several plant installations, so work has now been completed extending the range up to 1,800 gal. per hour with spray cone angles up to 150 deg. Section I deals with the design of the nozzle and the calibration results at various working pressures; section II gives the methods used for determining the volume distribution in the spray cone, the spray cone angle and the particle size distribution with some typical results; and in section III, nomograms relating the critical dimensions of the spray nozzle with output, pressure, and spray cone angle are given, with details of the use of these nomograms. As a result of the previous work and this present work, it is possible to give the exact dimensions necessary for a nozzle to deliver any quantity of water from 4 to 1,800 gal. per hour in the pressure range of 20 to 100 lb. per sq. in. Further, by the correct selection of the number, shape, and size of the channels in the distributing washers and the exit orifice diameter, a spray cone angle of any value up to 150 deg. can be obtained.