gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained Saturation in a Free-Electron Laser Oscillator at Perfect Synchronism of an Optical Cavity (2001)

The first observation of sustained saturation in a free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator at perfect synchronism of an optical cavity is presented. A simultaneous measurement of FEL power and absolute detuning length of the optical cavity ( deltaL) has clearly shown that the FEL efficiency becomes maximum at deltaL = 0.0+/-1 microm, although it has been considered that only a transient state exists at deltaL = 0 due to the well-known laser lethargy effect. The observed efficiency detuning curve is well reproduced by our numerical simulation including a small shot-noise effect.
The interaction between bovine serum albumin and surfactants (1975)

1. Potassium n-decyl phosphate binds exothermically to bovine serum albumin at pH 7.0 to form a specific complex containing approx. 60 phosphate anions. 2. The formation of the complex is accompanied by changes in the u.v. difference spectrum of the protein. 3. At higher phosphate concentrations (above 0.4mM) surfactant molecules continue to be bound, and the protein undergoes a gross change in conformation. 4. n-Dodecyltri-methylammonium bromide binds endothermically to bovine serum albumin at pH7.0 but the extent of binding for a given free surfactant concentration is less than for the phosphate surfactant. 5. Binding is accompanied by a small change in the specific viscosity and by changes in the u.v. difference spectrum of the protein. 6. It is suggested that over the surfactant concentration ranges studied n-decyl phosphate ions first bind to the C-terminal part of the protein and then to the more compact N-terminal part whereas n-dodecyltrimethylammonium ions bind only to the C-terminal part of bovine serum albumin.
Hyperforin Analogues from St. John's Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>) (2000)

Three oxygenated analogues of the prenylated phloroglucinol hyperforin (3-5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
An experimental study of synthesized speech intelligibility using text created by telecommunication device for the deaf (TDD) users (2002)

An experiment that was conducted to assess the feasibility of using automatic text-to-speech translation in a message relay service for the deaf is described. Five conditions manipulated telecommunication device for the deaf (TDD) text to create improvements that could be implemented automatically. The manipulations included preprocessing changes such as expanding abbreviations, use of an automatic spelling corrector, and providing rules to users about how to generate more comprehensible text. The results show that, overall, subjects understood the symbolic speech messages very well and that the text manipulations resulted in improved performance. It is shown that a combined condition, which uses the preprocessing changes, the spelling corrections, and the rules to users, resulted in the best performance. These results indicate that speech synthesis can be a viable alternative to relay operator translation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Disinfection of deionised water usingAC high voltage (2000)

A new type of water purification device that uses a high-magnitude electric field to kill micro-organisms has been developed (Johnstone and Bodger, 1997). This device uses a 6000 V, 50 Hz high-voltage supply applied directly across a flow of deionised water. The area of high-magnitude electric field causes disruption of cellular membranes and leads to a loss of cell viability and infectiveness. This disinfection process required some technical changes to enable its commercial development. A new prototype model of a domestic drinking water device has been constructed with these changes in mind. The initial electrode system and power supply were redesigned to enable them to be easily manufactured. The redesigned system uses a different electrode shape, material and dimensions, although the critical parameters of electric field strength and flow rate remain unchanged. To verify that the electrical and biological performances were still valid, tests were undertaken on the new design. It is shown that the new electrode system is more electrically robust, is easily and cheaply manufactured, and provides a similar disinfection performance. The device was tested on a common bacteria Serratia marcescens and proved close to a three log reduction in viability. The device was also tested on a parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia. No viable Giardia cysts were detected following treatment.
A CQI Feedback Reduction Scheme for Multi-User MIMO/OFDMA Systems (2007)

An opportunistic scheduling is adopted to improve the capacity of the system by exploiting the multiuser diversity of multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO)systems. However, it requires a large amount of feedback carrying the channel quality information (CQI) of each user to the transmitter. The considered per user unitary and rate control (PU <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> RC) needs to feedback the preferred precoding index and its CQIs, and it has a defect in scheduling the streams for the grouped user. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a novel feedback reduction scheme is proposed and is modified for OFDMA systems in this paper. It employs transmitter controlled precoding and opportunistic feedback (TCP-OFB) in conjunction with frequency scheduling. The simulation results demonstrate that TCP-OFB/OFDMA shows comparable performance to PU <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> RC while it only requires far reduced feedback load.
Electron microprobe analysis of human labial gland secretory granules in cystic fibrosis. (1985)

X-ray microanalysis of freeze-dried labial gland cryosections revealed that Na concentration was doubled and the Ca/S concentration ratio was decreased in secretory granules of labial glands from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) when compared with glands from normal subjects. Other results suggested that the decrease in the Ca/S concentration ratio resulted from an increase in S concentration. These findings imply that mucous granules in labial saliva showed a CF-related increase in Na and S content, and such changes would be expected to affect the rheology of the mucus after exocytosis. In contrast with a previous study in human parotid glands, no evidence was found for CF-related changes in cytoplasmic or nuclear Na, K, and Ca concentrations. Significant elemental differences were found between secretory granules and nuclei and cytoplasm of control cells.
Alternative Splicing of the <b> <i>Multidrug Resistance Protein 1/ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Subfamily</i> </b> Gene in Ovarian Cancer Creates Functional Splice Variants and Is Associated with Increased Expression of the Splicing Factors PTB and SRp20 (2004)

The MRP1 gene undergoes alternative splicing at a higher frequency in ovarian tumors than in matched normal tissues. Some of these splice variants confer resistance to doxorubicin. Expression of splicing factors PTB and SRp20 is strongly associated with the alternative splicing of the MRP1 gene.
Structures of genes for two cathelin‐associated antimicrobial peptides: prophenin‐2 and PR‐39 (1995)

We characterized genes for prophenin (PF)-2 and PR-39, two cathelin-associated antimicrobial peptides found in porcine leukocytes. Both contained 4 exons and 3 introns and were compact, contiguous and highly homologous. Exons I-III encoded most of their cathelin domains. Exon IV specified the final few cathelin residues, including its conserved C-terminal valine, followed by the mature PR-39 peptide or a PF-2 precursor. The highly conserved 5' flanking sequences of this gene family contained NF-kappa B, IL-6, GM-CSF and NF-1 binding motifs and the introns were unusually conserved. These data suggest that the panoply of porcine cathelin-associated antimicrobial peptides arose relatively recently via gene reduplications and exon shuffling, and that in vivo expression of cathelin-associated antimicrobial peptides may respond to mediators generated early during infection.
Coronary segmentation based motion corrected cardiac CT reconstruction (2010)

A method to obtain motion artifact-free reconstructed images of the coronary arteries is proposed and evaluated. The method relies on the integration of coronary motion estimation in an iterative computed tomography reconstruction technique. Coronary motion fields are derived from a set of coronary centerlines extracted at multiple cardiac phases within the R-R interval. Start and end points are provided by the user in one time-frame only. Corresponding centerline positions are used to determine the motion fields from phase to phase. Finally, dense motion fields are achieved by thin-plate-spline interpolation and are used to perform a motion-corrected iterative reconstruction of a selected region of interest, which results in an effective improvement of the reconstructed image quality.
Interaction between Fibrillin Genotype and Blood Pressure and the Development of Aneurysmal Diseasea (1996)

Debate as to whether abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are caused by atherosclerosis or whether they have a strong genetic etiology continues. We have investigated the hypothesis that risk factors are likely to be strongest in patients with generalized aneurysmal disease. We screened 232 consecutive AAA patients for popliteal aneurysm and investigated cardiovascular and genetic risk factors in these patients. Ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a popliteal aneurysm in 24 of 232 (10%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified four independent factors associated with popliteal aneurysm: age (p = 0.013), height (p = 0.017), triglyceride concentration (p = 0.009), and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.037). In the AAA patients a significant association of fibrillin-1 genotype was present, determined by a tandem repeat polymorphism, with both systolic and pulse pressure. The genotypes associated with the highest pressures were significantly more common among the patients with popliteal aneurysm, p = 0.03. Following these findings we investigated whether there was an association between fibrillin-1 genotype and blood pressure in a healthy population, 245 men aged 50-61 years. Again we found a significant association between fibrillin genotype and pulse pressure, p = 0.003. We suggest that a strong interaction occurs between fibrillin genotype and blood pressure which contributes to the development of aneurysmal disease.
Dynamically reconfigurable hybrid cache: an energy-efficient last-level cache design (2012)

The recent development of non-volatile memory (NVM), such as spin-torque transfer magnetoresistive RAM (STT-RAM) and phase-change RAM (PRAM), with the advantage of low leakage and high density, provides an energy-efficient alternative to traditional SRAM in cache systems. We propose a novel reconfigurable hybrid cache architecture (RHC), in which NVM is incorporated in the last-level cache together with SRAM. RHC can be reconfigured by powering on/off SRAM/NVM arrays in a way-based manner. In this work, we discuss both the architecture and circuit design issues for RHC. Furthermore, we provide hardware-based mechanisms to dynamically reconfigure RHC on-the-fly based on the cache demand. Experimental results on a wide range of benchmarks show that the proposed RHC achieves an average 63%, 48% and 25% energy saving over non-reconfigurable SRAM-based cache, non-reconfigurable hybrid cache, and reconfigurable SRAM-based cache, while maintaining the system performance (at most 4% performance overhead).
Experimental Studies on Four Stroke Diesel Engine Fuelled with Tamarind Seed Oil as Potential Alternate Fuel for Sustainable Green Environment (2018)

The main objective of this present novel work is to investigate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from the tamarind seed through the transesterification process as potential alternative feedstock for the diesel engine. The physio-chemical properties of tamarind seed methyl ester (TSME) were evaluated experimentally and compared with the base fuel. Test fuels were prepared in 3 concentrations such as B10 (10% tamarind seed oil and 90% diesel), B20 and B30.Experiments were conducted at a constant speed, the injection timing of 23° crank angle and compression ratio 17.5:1 with varying load conditions to investigate the diesel engine characteristics. TSME 20 shown better thermal efficiency (34.41%) over diesel which is 1.17 % higher and also it produces lower emissions of CO, HC, and smoke opacity. N-Amyl alcohol (NAA) is used as a fuel additive for the optimum blend of TSME20; added in 5% and 10% concentration on the volume basis. From the analysis of experimental data, the use of fuel additives significantly reduces the smoke opacity by 29.49 % for TSME20 NAA 10% blend in addition to the reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons emissions; however, the specific fuel consumption and the oxides of nitrogen were marginally increased.
Flexible dosing schemes for recombinant human erythropoietin--lessons from our daily practice (2001)

The availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Epo) has revolutionized the treatment of renal anaemia. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of rh-Epo offers significant advantages over the intravenous (i.v.) route, and numerous studies have demonstrated its efficacy and tolerability when administered two or three times weekly. Most of these studies showed a significant reduction in rh-Epo dosage requirements with s.c. administration compared with the i.v. route, offering clear benefits in terms of reduced costs. In addition, s.c. administration is more convenient and flexible than i.v. administration, and is recommended by European and US guidelines. Dosing frequency of rh-Epo is also an important issue in clinical practice, particularly when customizing therapy to meet individual patient needs. A few small-scale studies have shown comparable efficacy and tolerability of different s.c. dosing frequencies. Recently, a comprehensive randomized controlled trial has shown that once weekly s.c. epoetin beta effectively manages anaemia in haemodialysis patients, even in patients requiring a high dose. Once weekly dosing of s.c. epoetin beta adds greater flexibility and an improved capacity to tailor dosing frequency to patient needs. This reduces clinic time for patients who do not self-administer and, together with improved convenience of new formulations and delivery systems, has the potential to improve compliance and encourages self-administration.
FINGER: A novel erasure coding scheme using fine granularity blocks to improve Hadoop write and update performance (2015)

With the explosive increase of the data by volume in various fields of science, engineering, information services, etc., data-intensive computing has gained significant interest in recent years. Various challenges ranging from efficient peta-scale data management to the adoption of highly scalable cloud computing have become a norm for data center administrators. Highly scalable architectures such as Hadoop, BlobSeer and MapR are used in large data centers for efficient data management, and employ 3-way replication for fault tolerance or data availability. One means of reducing storage overhead of replication in data-centers is erasure coding. However, HDFS-RAID (erasure-coded Hadoop) uses large block sizes and does not support update operations. Therefore, changing any file-block content requires recreating the whole file, which effectively reduces the overall write and update performance of the system. We propose FINe Grained ERasure coding scheme (FINGER) for the erasure-coded Hadoop FileSystem, which improves both write and update performance without sacrificing the read performance. The main idea is to chunk the large block size (64 or 128 MB) into smaller chunks; the chunk layout is designed to mitigate extra reads when performing erasure coding on a large block update and maintains the same metdata size as HDFS-RAID. We implement the update operation in Hadoop and conduct testbed experiments to demonstrate that FINGER improves the write and update performance by 38.20% and 8.6% w.r.t. 3-way replication and by 8.08% and up to 5.68×w.r.t HDFS-RAID respectively.
The C information abstraction system (1990)

A system for analyzing program structures is described. The system extracts relational information from C programs according to a conceptual model and stores the information in a database. It is shown how several interesting software tasks can be performed by using the relational views. These tasks include generation of graphical views, subsystem extraction, program layering, dead code elimination and binding analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Thermodynamic Linkage Between Protein Structure, Stability, and Function (2003)

For many years, the ability to predict protein stability or protein function from structure has been considered a major scientific goal with significant practical implications in protein engineering. The Human Genome Project has accelerated the need to achieve that goal. With nearly 100,000 protein-coding genes, fast computer algorithms will be required for structural determination as well as for physical and functional analysis. With more than 10,000 structures already in the protein database, structure alone is clearly not sufficient for a comprehensive understanding of function and regulation. Human intervention in medicine and biotechnology—either by genetic manipulation aimed at introducing specific protein mutations that modify stability or functionality, or by designing new drugs that regulate or modify protein function—requires a clear understanding of the relationships between structure and function. These relationships are mediated by energetics. Proteins are closely packed macromolecules exhibiting a large number of noncovalent atomic interactions that define not only their three-dimensional structure and stability, but also their functional properties. While the relationships between energetics, folding, and stability have been explored by many researchers, the relationships between protein stability and functional cooperativity remain largely unknown. It is well-known that many proteins undergo conformational changes during function or that conformational flexibility is critical to biological activity. These functional properties are dictated by the same interactions that define stability. Thus, functional properties of proteins (e.g., the transmission of binding effects, cooperative interactions, molecular signaling, and allosterism) are defined by energetics, and more precisely by the specific way in which stabilizing interactions are distributed throughout the protein structure. These interactions not only define the overall structure and stability of a protein, but the presence and location of regions with different propensities to undergo conformational rearrangements. Stability and function are linked to each other, and the elucidation of the specific ways in which they are related is a major goal in the postgenomic era.
Low sulfate seawater mitigates barite scale (1996)

Low-sulfate seawater (LSSW) technology provides operational and economic benefits for desulfating seawater to control barium sulfate (BaSO{sub 4}) and strontium sulfate (SrSO{sub 4}) scale. This concluding article in a three part series describes, from a scale control perspective, the membrane technology deployed in the North Sea Brae fields.
High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in Dialysis Patients: Failure of Commercially Available Antibody Tests to Identify a Significant Number of Patients with HCV Infection (1993)

Results of serologic tests were correlated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia, determined by a cDNA polymerase chain reaction assay to detect HCV RNA, in 340 Danish dialysis patients; of these, 28 (8.2%) were positive for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) with second-generation ELI-SAs. HCV RNA was found in sera from 27 of these 28 anti-HCV-positive patients. However, 8 dialysis patients had detectable levels of HCV RNA but were anti-HCV-negative with second-generation ELISAs. Among the 35 HCV-infected dialysis patients 16 were positive, 7 indeterminate, and 12 negative with the second-generation RIBA. More than 60% of patients with evidence of ongoing liver disease had HCV infection. Thus, current commercially available antibody tests did not accurately reflect the HCV status in dialysis patients. A relatively high prevalence (> 10%) of HCV RNA, closely associated with liver disease, was found among dialysis patients in a low-prevalence area of the world.
Biomedical Hypothesis Generation and Testing by Evolutionary Computation. (2006)

Abstract- Filtering the immense amount of data available electronically over the World Wide Web is an important task of search engines in data mining applications. Users when performing search often formulate hypotheses that they want to find supporting data for. The initial hypothesis reflects their preliminary knowledge of the subject. The final hypotheses at the end of the search reflect what they learned about a given subject and reflect the supporting information they found during search. We propose an evolutionary computation-based method that automatically generates queries and retrieves information to prove or disprove a given hypothesis. In case there is no supporting data, the system evolves another hypothesis for which it can find supporting data. We show preliminary results obtained for hypotheses related to plague where the data used is the Entrez PubMed data set.
The breakdown of apoptotic mechanism in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma. (2004)

These results indicate that Fas may play an important role, not only in development but also progression, and that FasL is not always required for both development and progression in colorectal carcinomas.
Clearing the air (1989)

Sheila Roy defends regional nursing officers against the accusation that they may be looking to undermine the district advisers’ future
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma tumor growth without morphological evidence of neo-angiogenesis. (1997)

Neoplastic growth is usually dependent on blood supply, and it is commonly accepted that this is provided by the formation of new vessels. However, tumors may be able to grow without neovascularization if they find a suitable vascular bed available. We have investigated the pattern of vascularization in a series of 500 primary stage I non-small-cell lung carcinomas. Immunostaining of endothelial cells has highlighted four distinct patterns of vascularization. Three patterns (which we called basal, papillary, and diffuse) have in common the destruction of normal lung and the production of newly formed vessels and stroma. The fourth pattern, which we called alveolar or putative nonangiogenic, was observed in 16% (80/500) of the cases and is characterized by lack of parenchymal destruction and absence of both tumor associated stroma and new vessels. The only vessels present were the ones in the alveolar septa, and their presence highlighted, through the whole tumor, the lung alveoli filled up by the neoplastic cells. This observation suggests that, if an appropriate vascular bed is available, a tumor can exploit it and grows without inducing neo-angiogenesis. This could have implications for strategies aimed at inhibiting tumor growth by vascular targeting or inhibition of angiogenesis.