gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endosonografi ile submukozal lezyonların ayırıcı tanısı (2011)

Giris ve Amac: Bu calismada, ust gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisinde saptanan submukozal kitleleri endoskopik ultrasonografi ile degerlendirerek etyolojik nedenlerini saptamayi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontem: Calismamiz, Izmir Ataturk Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Gastroenteroloji Klinigi&'nde Aralik 2008-Mayis 2010 tarihleri arasinda prospektif olarak yapildi. Calismaya endoskopide submukozal lezyon saptanan 87 olgu dahil edildi. Olgular radial endoskopik ultrasonografi ile incelendi. Gereken olgulara Lineer endoskopik ultrasonografi ile biyopsi yapildi. Lezyonlar intramural, ekstramural, benign ve malign olarak siniflandirildi. Bulgular: Hastalarin 39'unda (%44,8) intramural, 28'inde (%32,1) ekstramural lezyon izlendi. Yirmi (%22,9) olguda endosongrafide lezyon gorulmedi. Intramural lezyonlarin 14'u, ekstramural lezyonlarin 7'si malign iken, intramural lezyonlarin 25'i, ekstramural lezyonlarin 21'i benign karekterde lezyondu. 13 olguya lineer endosongrafi ile ince igne aspirasyon sitolojisi yapilarak tani konuldu. Sonuc: Endoskopik olarak izlenen submukozal lezyonlar, yuksek olasilikla altta yatan malignbenign bir patolojiyi gostermektedir. Submukozal lezyonlarin goruntulenmesinde ve tanisinin konmasinda, etkin minimal invaziv bir yontem olarak endosonografi ilk akla gelmesi gereken degerlendirme yontemi olmalidir.
Spatial filtering for zero-order and twin-image elimination in digital off-axis holography (2000)

Off-axis holograms recorded with a CCD camera are numerically reconstructed with a calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation. We show that the zero order of diffraction and the twin image can be digitally eliminated by means of filtering their associated spatial frequencies in the computed Fourier transform of the hologram. We show that this operation enhances the contrast of the reconstructed images and reduces the noise produced by parasitic reflections reaching the hologram plane with an incidence angle other than that of the object wave.
A High Throughput Packet-Switching Network with Neural Network Controlled Bypass Queueing and Multiplexing (1994)

This paper proposes a high throughput packet switching network with bypass queues based on a MIN. We improve the switch throughput by partitioning the input buffers into disjoint buffer sets and multiplexing several sets of nonblocking packets within a time slot. A neural network model is presented as a controller for packet scheduling and multiplexing in the switch.
Decolorization of colored poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle flakes using hydrogen peroxide (2007)

Abstract A novel process for the oxidative decolorization of green and blue colored poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle flakes, using an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) has been developed. A strong dependence of H 2 O 2 concentration and temperature on decolorization rate has been found. The decolorized flakes were characterized for color and intrinsic viscosity (IV) values; decolorized flakes exhibit color values similar to those of colorless recycled PET. The IV of peroxide bleached PET flakes indicated a decrease in PET molecular weight, which correlated with the severity of decolorization conditions. Despite decreases in PET IV values, the bleached flake still exhibited useful PET molecular weights. The consumption of H 2 O 2 during the bleaching process was quantified titrating residual peroxide with a standardized potassium permanganate solution. H 2 O 2 consumption rates of 0.3–0.9 g per gram of green PET flake were measured, depending on the specific bleaching conditions used. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JAppl Polym Sci, 2008
Providing haptic feedback using the kinect (2011)

Interpreting surroundings through the senses often relies on visual channels for a full interpretation of the environment. Our approach substitutes this use of vision by integrating haptic feedback with the sensory data from the depth camera system packaged within the Microsoft Kinect.
Thermostable Protease from Thermophilic Bacteria (1967)

1. The effect of temperature on the conformation of the protease from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus was examined. 2. The thermostable enzyme is stable at room temperature against such denaturing reagents as urea, alcohol, and detergent. 3. However, these reagents accelerate the denaturation of the enzyme by heat. 4. The effect of pH on the stability of the enzyme was examined, and it is suggested that the abnormally ionizing tyrosine residues contribute to the maintenance of the enzyme structure. 5. It is deduced from the physicochemical properties of the heated enzyme that the abnormal ionization and the Cotton effect of the tyrosine residues are due primarily to the hydrogen bonding of the phenol group.
A current-mode sense amplifier for low voltage non-volatile memories (2002)

The market demand for high speed and low voltage non-volatile memories asks for much more efficient sense amplifiers. Actually a good sense amplifier works with 5 V power supply and is able to detect the cell content in less than 20 ns but in the future these constraints will become 3 V for power supply and less than 10 ns for sensing time. In this paper a 3 V power supply with 9 ns sensing time current mode sense amplifier is presented. It has been designed for a very small EPROM array and integrated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m technology (0.6 /spl mu/m in the matrix). Experimental result shows the overall sensing time to be lower than 10 ns even with 2.7 V power supply.
DWDM reach extension of a GPON to 135 km (2006)

We report the operation of a gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON, 2.488 Gb/s downstream and 1.244 Gb/s upstream) over 135 km giving performance that is consistent with the standards of International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Advanced dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) equipment is used to extend the physical reach and to provide fiber gain.
Estradiol suppresses mesangial cell type I collagen synthesis via activation of the MAP kinase cascade (1999)

We have previously shown that estradiol suppresses the synthesis of type I collagen by murine mesangial cells grown in the presence of serum via activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). We hypothesized that estradiol upregulates AP-1 via activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, a signal transduction pathway that regulates AP-1 activity. Estradiol (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) upregulated the MAP kinase pathway in murine mesangial cells grown in the presence of serum in a dose-dependent manner. Activation was evident by 1 min, peaked at 10 min, and was completely dissipated by 2 h. In contrast, estradiol had no significant effect on total (phosphorylated + unphosphorylated) p44 extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK) or p42 ERK. Nuclear extracts isolated from mesangial cells treated with estradiol showed increased binding to a consensus sequence AP-1 binding oligonucleotide in gel shift assays. In contrast, nuclear extracts from cells exposed to PD-98059, a highly selective inhibitor of MAP kinase-ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2, showed reduced binding. In addition, PD-98059 antagonizes the enhanced binding induced by estradiol. Estradiol (10(-9) M) suppressed mesangial cell type I collagen synthesis (37.8 +/- 2.4%, expressed as a percentage of control values, P < 0.001 vs. control). In contrast, PD-98059 increased type I collagen synthesis (344.6 +/- 98.8, P < 0.01) and reversed the suppression of type I collagen synthesis induced by estradiol. The effects of estradiol, PD-98059, and PD-98059 plus estradiol on type I collagen protein synthesis were closely paralleled by their effects on steady-state levels of mRNA for the alpha(1) chain of type I collagen. These data suggest that estradiol suppresses type I collagen synthesis via upregulation of the MAP kinase cascade, leading to stimulation of AP-1 activity.
Responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimulation of dentine and pulp (1982)

In the present work responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimuli that induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules as well as to direct mechanical irritation of the exposed pulp were studied on 9 young adult beagle dogs. Under pentobarbitone anesthesia 31 single functional intradental fibre units were dissected from the mandibular nerve. Stimuli were applied to the lower left canine tooth. Exposed dentine surface was irritated by scraping, air blasts and dry absorbent paper and the pulp mechanically with a von Frey hair. Ten fibre units responded to stimulation of dentine. Six of them were also tested with mechanical irritation of the pulp and were all responsive. Fifteen of twenty fibres responded to mechanical stimulation of the pulp. The mechanosensitive nerve fibres were all A-type according to conduction velocities (mean 25.6 +/- 8.1 (SD) m/s). It is concluded that there exist mechanosensitive intradental A-nerve fibres in the dog which are activated by stimuli that induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules. Nerve fibres of this type could be responsible for dentine sensitivity in man. Consequently, the present study gives support to the hydrodynamic hypothesis of dentine sensitivity. Moreover, mechanosensitive nerve fibres could also be responsible for the pain symptoms of pulpal inflammation, because pulpitis may also create suitable circumstances for their activation.
Thermodynamic limit to light trapping in thin planar structures (1997)

We calculate the degree to which absorption can be enhanced by light trapping in a material whose thickness is on the order of a wavelength of light. The calculation makes use of an extension of the radiance theorem in the wave domain and represents the ultimate upper limit as determined by the laws of thermodynamics. It is a general upper limit, based solely on considerations of the modal structure of the device and independent of the technique used to couple light into the material. We assume only that the coupling mechanism is isotropic. An important parameter in our result is the density of guided modes within the planar structure, which we calculate. We find that even for structures supporting only a small number of guided modes, significant enhancements in absorption are possible.
A classified and comparative study of edge detection algorithms (2005)

Since edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. This paper introduces a new classification of most important and commonly used edge detection algorithms, namely ISEF, Canny, Marr-Hildreth, Sobel, Kirsch, Lapla1 and Lapla2. Five categories are included in our classification, and then advantages and disadvantages of some available algorithms within this category are discussed. A representative group containing the above seven algorithms are the implemented in C++ and compared subjectively, using 30 images out of 100 images. Two sets of images resulting from the application of those algorithms are then presented. It is shown that under noisy conditions, ISEF, Canny, Marr-Hildreth, Kirsch, Sobel, Lapla2, Lapla1 exhibit better performance, respectively.
A very low cost, 3-axis, MEMS accelerometer for consumer applications (2009)

We report here on a novel 3-axis MEMS accelerometer intended to meet the requirements of a high volume, very low cost sensor in consumer gaming and hand-held applications. In order to balance the performance and cost requirements of such applications, this device achieves 3-axis sensing with a single proof-mass. This accomplishment required significant process, device, and test design novelty. Because of the extreme cost constraints in these markets, this design reexamines the core system trade-offs between single-chip integrated and 2-chip MEMS solutions. A 2-chip solution was chosen in this case. Minimizing package costs lead to the use of chip stacking in an over-molded plastic package. Finally, a sophisticated method of probing the sensor-only die was developed, which allowed the further development of a “no-shake” sensitivity trim algorithm which does not require mechanical stimulation of the device. Based on the design methodologies described here, a very low cost sensor with superior performance was achieved. The acceleration sensitivity achieved is 300mV/g with a noise limited resolution of 150 µg/√Hz. The offset voltage temperature coefficient is less than 0.3mV/degC.
Distributed active catalogs and meta-data caching in descriptive name services (2002)

Today's global internetworks challenge the ability of name services and other information services to locate data quickly. The authors introduce distributed active catalog and meta-data caching for optimizing queries in this environment. The active catalog constrains the search space for a query by returning a list of data repositories where the answer to the query is likely to be found. Meta-data caching improves performance by keeping frequently used characterizations of the search space close to the user, and eliminating active catalog communication and processing costs. When searching for query responses, the techniques contact only the small percentage of the data repositories with actual responses, resulting in search times of a few seconds. A distributed active catalog and meta-data caching method was implemented in a prototype descriptive name service called Nomenclator. Performance results for Nomenclator in a search space of 1000 data repositories are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems (1998)

Wendel W Government Lawyers in the Trump Administration, SSRN Electronic Journal, 10.2139/ssrn.2906422
Universal nucleation length for slip‐weakening rupture instability under nonuniform fault loading (2003)

We consider the nucleation of instability on a slip‐weakening fault subjected to a heterogeneous, locally peaked “loading” stress. That stress is assumed not only to gradually increase due to tectonic loading but also to retain its peaked character. The case of a linear stress versus slip law is considered in the framework of two‐dimensional quasi‐static elasticity for a planar fault. Slip initiates when the peak of the loading stress first reaches the strength level of the fault to start slip weakening. Then the size of the slipping region grows under increased loading stress until finally a critical nucleation length is reached, at which no further quasi‐static solution exists for additional increase of the loading. That marks the onset of a dynamically controlled instability. We prove that the nucleation length is independent of the shape of the loading stress distribution. Its universal value is proportional to an elastic modulus and inversely proportional to the slip‐weakening rate, and it is given by the solution to an eigenvalue problem. That is the same eigenvalue problem introduced by Campillo, Ionescu, and collaborators for dynamic slip nucleation under spatially uniform prestress on a fault segment of fixed length; the critical length that we derive is the same as in their case. To illustrate the nucleation process, and its universal feature, in specific examples, we consider cases for which the loading stress is peaked symmetrically or nonsymmetrically, and we employ a numerical approach based on a Chebyshev polynomial representation. Laboratory‐derived and earthquake‐inferred data are used to evaluate the nucleation size.
Knoppix hacks, 2nd edition (2007)

If you think Knoppix is just a Linux demo disk, think again. Klaus Knopper created an entire Linux distribution on a bootable CD (and now a DVD) so he could use his favorite open source tools on any computer. This book includes a collection of tips and techniques for using the enormous amount of software Knoppix offers-not just to work and play, but also to troubleshoot, repair, upgrade, and disinfect your system without having to install a thing. Knoppix Hacks is just like the distribution it covers: a veritable Swiss Army knife packed full of tools. Scores of industrial-strength hacks-many of them new to this second edition-cover both the standard Knoppix CD and the feature-rich DVD Maxi distribution, which is included with this book. Discover how to use Knoppix to its full potential as your desktop, rescue CD, or as a launching point for your own live CD. With Knoppix Hacks, you can: Investigate features of the KDE desktop and its Internet applications Save your settings and data between reboots with persistent storage Employ Knoppix as a system administration multitool to replace failed servers and more Use the CD/DVD as a rescue disc to repair filesystems or a system that won't boot Rescue Windows systems with Knoppix to back up files and settings, hack the registry, and more Explore other live CDs based on Knoppix that could augment your system Easily install the popular Debian GNU/Linux distribution with all of your hardware detected and configured Remaster Knoppix to include your favorite software and custom branding Whether you're a new Linux user, power user, or system administer, this book helps you take advantage of Knoppix and customize it to your needs. You may just find ways to use Knoppix that you never considered.
Test Cell for a Novel Planar MEMS Loop Heat Pipe Based on Coherent Porous Silicon (2003)

Work towards the development of an innovative, potentially high power density, MEMS loop heat pipe is in progress at the Center for Microelectronic Sensors and M E M S at the University of Cincinnati. The design of the loop heat pipe is based upon the very unique coherent porous silicon technology, a technique in which vast arrays of micrometer ‐ sized through ‐ holes are photo ‐ electrochemically etched into a silicon wafer perpendicular to the (100) surface. The initial mathematical model, the design, fabrication and characterization of the device in the open loop configuration were previously reported at this conference, STAIF 2002. This paper begins with a very brief explanation of the device and its theory of operation. The design of the device components and their production utilizing the various techniques of microelectronic and microelectromechanical fabrication are presented. The modifications made to the photon ‐ induced, electrochemical etch process, which significantly increase the etch rate of the pores, are explained. Attention is given to the mathematical model of the planar, MEMS, loop heat pipe with respect to the generation of the dimensions of the components through a summary of the recent advances. The emphasis of this paper is upon the design, construction and the characterization of the evacuated closed loop test cell structure.
The abolition of serfdom (2015)

On March 30, 1856, Emperor Alexander II, newly ascended to the Russian throne, addressed the Marshalls of the Nobility of Moscow Province with a set of remarks that sent shock waves through the Russian elite. “Rumors have been circulating,” the tsar noted, “that I wish to give the peasants their freedom. This is unjust, and you can say this to everyone from right to left. But hostile feelings and unhappiness between peasants and their landowners persist … I am convinced that sooner or later we will have to take this step. It would be much better if this happens from above than from below.”
Predictive Group Handover Scheme with Channel Borrowing for Mobile Relay Systems (2008)

Broadband wireless communication systems should be able to support users moving at high speeds. Groups of users in large vehicles moving along approximate straight ways usually need to perform handovers more frequently, and this drastically increases system overhead. Conventional handover methods cannot promise a good enough handover success rate for multiservice group mobility. The different service connections with group mobility require an adequate handover scheme to guarantee the quality of service. In this paper, we present a new handover scheme called predictive group handover with channel borrowing for groups of user using a mobile relay station installed in large vehicle such as a bus or light rail. The proposed scheme makes use of location and direction information to predict the target base station and pre-notify this base station about the user connection information in order to reduce the connection blocking probability and handover dropping probability efficaciously. The simulation results closely match the results of the system analysis.
Overcoming CD4 deficiency to induce long-lived memory CD8+ CTL (2006)

One critical hurdle for therapeutic HIV vaccines is the deficiency of CD4+ T cell help during HIV infection. CD4+ T cell help has been shown to be necessary for induction of long-lived memory CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and when CD8+ T cells are primed in its absence, they are susceptible to TRAIL-mediated death during secondary stimulation. We have found that IL-15 expression by a vaccine vector allowed induction of longer-lived, higher avidity memory CTL. We also observed that CD40L, a molecule by which helper T cells mediate help, induces dendritic cells to secrete IL-15. We therefore hypothesized that one mechanism by which CD4+ T helper cells induce longer-lived memory CTL may be to stimulate IL-15 production by the dendritic cell presenting antigen, and that therefore, IL-15 might overcome the need for CD4+ T cell help. We have now tested this hypothesis by demonstrating that immunization of CD4-depleted mice with a recombinant vaccinia-HIV vaccine vector expressing IL-15 induced long-lived memory CTL, whereas immunization of the depleted mice with a recombinant vaccinia-HIV vector not expressing IL-15 resulted in short-lived CTL that disappeared within two months. Further, CTL induced with the IL-15-expressing vaccine were resistant to TRAIL-mediated death on secondary stimulation, whereas those induced without IL-15 underwent apoptosis. Resistance was associated with upregulation by IL-15 of anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL and downregulation of Bax, a downstream transducer of the TRAIL death signal. These findings help explain the role of helper T cells in inducing long-lived memory CTL and provide a practical approach to overcome the deficiency of CD4+ T cell help during HIV infection for induction of CTL with a therapeutic vaccine for HIV, or with a vaccine for other opportunistic infections.
Abstract: Nucleation of 1-μm bubbles via charged walls (1979)

This paper describes a novel bubble nucleator utilizing charged walls to provide a portion of the nucleation field and substantially reduce the nucleation current level. Compared to nucleators without charged wall assistance, the reduction in current level attributable to the charged wall is approximately 30–40%. (AIP)
Studies of Water Uptake from Multiple Sources (1983)

Water uptake in systems consisting of a potted plant and two embedded reservoirs, which had been fitted with microporous bottoms, were monitored daily over test intervals that ranged from 1 to 3 years. When both reservoirs contained aqueous solutions of the same chemical composition, plants took water from the alternate sources without bias, but when one reservoir contained tap water and the other a strong aqueous nutrient solution, an initially fluctuating bias developed. Eventually the system re-stabilized at an equilibrium state in which total uptake of water (in 1 day−1) to nutrient salt (in g day−1) was about 16 to 1 independent of the concentration in the nutrient solution. This equilibrium ratio was altered sharply whenever the plant was damaged severely, or whenever the quality of the water in one of the reservoirs was impaired by addition of a toxicant. The equilibrium state was re-established within 6 months following plant damage, and within a few weeks following elimination of the toxicant. The above results demonstrate that multireservoir systems, which can be assembled easily from inexpensive components, provide a reliable means for studying water uptake by a single plant from two or more independent sources, and that these systems are very sensitive to changes that affect the physiology of the plant.