gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of peroxisomal proteins and organelle proliferation by multiple carbon sources in the methylotrophic yeast,Candida boidinii (1998)

A methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii, was grown on various combinations of peroxisome-inducing carbon source(s) (PIC(s)), i.e. methanol, oleate and D-alanine, and the regulation of peroxisomal proteins (both matrix and membrane ones) and organelle proliferation were studied. This regulation was followed (1) at the protein or enzyme level by means of the peroxisomal enzyme activity and Western analysis; (2) at the mRNA level by Northern analysis; and (3) at the organelle level by direct observation of peroxisomes under a fluorescent microscope. Peroxisomal proliferation was followed in vivo by using a C. boidinii strain producing a green fluorescent protein having peroxisomal targeting signal 1. When multiple PICs were used for cell growth, C. boidinii induced specific peroxisomal proteins characteristic of all PIC(s) present in the medium, responding to all PIC(s) simultaneously. Thus, these PICs were considered to induce peroxisomal proliferation independently and not to repress peroxisomes induced by other PICs. Next, the sensitivity of the peroxisomal induction to glucose repression was studied. While the peroxisomal induction by methanol or oleate was completely repressed by glucose, the D-alanine-induced activities of D-amino acid oxidase and catalase, Pmp47, and the organelle proliferation were not. These results indicate that peroxisomal proliferation in yeasts is not necessarily sensitive to glucose repression. Lastly, this regulation was shown to occur at the mRNA level.
Macular carotenoids: lutein and zeaxanthin. (2004)

The yellow color of the macula lutea is due to the presence of the carotenoid pigments lutein and zeaxanthin. In contrast to human blood and tissues, no other major carotenoids including Beta-carotene or lycopene are found in this tissue. The macular carotenoids are suggested to play a role in the protection of the retina against light-induced damage. Epidemiological studies provide some evidence that an increased consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin with the diet is associated with a lowered risk for age-related macular degeneration, a disease with increasing incidence in the elderly. Protecting ocular tissue against photooxidative damage carotenoids may act in two ways: first as filters for damaging blue light, and second as antioxidants quenching excited triplet state molecules or singlet molecular oxygen and scavenge further reactive oxygen species like lipid peroxides or the superoxide radical anion.
Hydrodynamic Tweezers:  1. Noncontact Trapping of Single Cells Using Steady Streaming Microeddies (2006)

A key need for dynamic single-cell measurements is the ability to gently position cells for repeated measurements without perturbing their behavior. We describe a new method that uses a gentle secondary flow to trap and suspend single cells, including motile cells, at predictable locations in 3-D. Trapped cells can be more dense or less dense than the surrounding medium. The cells are suspended without surface contact in one of four steady streaming eddies created by audible-frequency fluid oscillation (< or =1000 Hz) in a microchannel containing a single fixed cylinder (radius = 125 microm). Comparison of measured trap locations to computations of the eddy flow show that each trap is located near the eddy center, and the location is controlled via the oscillation frequency. We use the motile phytoplankton cell (Prorocentrum micans) to experimentally measure the trapping force, which is controlled via the oscillation amplitude. Trapping forces up to 30 pN are generated while exerting moderate shear stresses (shear stresses < or = 1.5 N/m2) on the trapped cell. The magnitude of this trapping force is comparable to that of optical tweezers or dielectrophoretic traps, without requiring an external field outside the physiological range for cells (the shear stresses are comparable to those found in arterial blood flow). The unique combination of predictable 3-D positioning, insensitivity to cell and medium properties, strong adjustable trapping forces, and a gentle fluid environment makes hydrodynamic tweezers a promising new option for noncontact trapping of single cells in suspension.
Inhibition of carcinogenesis by minor dietary constituents. (1992)

A major foundation of the field of cancer chemoprevention has resided in an impressive number of animal studies showing that cancer can be prevented by a variety of chemical compounds. In the search for increasingly effective inhibitors, both synthetic and naturally occurring compounds are being investigated. One group of naturally occurring compounds of particular interest consists of minor dietary nonnutrients. Foods of plant origin frequently contain as much as several per cent of these compounds. In recent years there has been a growing awareness that they may have important effects on the consequences of exposure to carcinogenic agents. This information comes from studies of whole diets; individual dietary constituents, particularly those from plants; and finally from investigations of pure compounds. The nonnutrient inhibitors of carcinogenesis have several different mechanisms of action. Some are blocking agents; i.e., they prevent carcinogens from reaching or reacting with critical target sites. Others are suppressing agents; i.e., they prevent evolution of the neoplastic process in cells that otherwise would become malignant. Occasionally, one compound will show both mechanisms. The nonnutrient compounds have the important attribute of there being data on their consumption by humans. Thus, it may be possible to evaluate their impact on cancer risk. Ultimately, information pertaining to these compounds may be useful in terms of diet selection or their use as dietary supplements.
A Novel Low-Temperature Microcap Packaging using SU-8 Bonding (2007)

In this paper, we report a new technology for lightweight, low temperature bonding process with thin film polymer microcap. Polymer (SU-8) was used both for the intermediate adhesive layer and as a cap structure. Silicon oxide thin film was deposited using furnace to separate the microcap from the carrier wafer. The measured tensile strength of the package is in the range of 7-17 MPa. This thin-film polymer microcap on the host wafer was successfully demonstrated through low-temperature bonding and bulk micromachining. The experimental result shows that relatively high bonding strength at low bonding temperature can be achieved.
Biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings on Polyactive® 1000/70/30 (2001)

Abstract Precalcification of Polyactive® 1000/70/30 with a biomimetic calcium phosphate coating is expected to enhance the bioactivity of this biodegradable polymer for the application as bone filler or scaffold of bone tissue engineering. This study presents a 1‐day one‐step incubation method to obtain either amorphous or bone‐like apatitic calcium phosphate coating on Polyactive® 1000/70/30. Either dense plates or three‐dimensional porous blocks of the polymer were incubated in a simplified but concentrated simulated body fluid‐derived solution at 37°C. By bubbling CO 2 gas, a solution was prepared with calcium and phosphate ion concentrations five times of that of regular simulated body fluid. With controlled stirring, the CO 2 was released out of the solution and exchanged by air. The pH of the solution increased to induce coating formation. Adjusting stirring rate and CO 2 /air exchange rate controlled the process kinetics. The reaction kinetics had little influence on the crystallographic structure of the final coating mineral for a given solution composition as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. However, the interface structure between the coating and substrate was kinetics‐dependent. A fast precipitation condition resulted in a uniform but superficial calcification pattern at the surface of polymer. A slow process by selecting either a slow stirring or a slow CO 2 /air exchange, on the contrary, induced a localized but deep inside calcification pattern. A tensile test showed no statistically significant difference in the mechanical properties among uncoated and coated polymers. The cracking behavior of coatings from different kinetics, however, exhibited different manners, as can be attributed to different interface structures and interfacial strengths. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 535–546, 2002
High efficiency monolithic gallium nitride distributed amplifier (2000)

The first gallium-nitride monolithic distributed amplifier is demonstrated. A nonuniform design allows the removal of the drain line dummy load with a concomitant increase in efficiency, An optimized nonuniform design shows a 10% increase in efficiency over an optimized uniform design having the dummy termination.
A Framework for Robot Control Software Development and Debugging Using a Real-Time Capable Physics Simulation (2016)

This work outlines an architecture for developing and testing control programs requiring real-time feedback from the environment based on a plausible physics simulation with highly detailed geometric models, hardware in the loop control and integration of trajectory planning systems.
Reduction of anticoccidial drug resistance by massive introduction of drug-sensitive coccidia. (1977)

Massive introduction of a drug-sensitive attenuated strain of Eimeria tenella in a floor-pen heavily contaminated with a drug-resistant strain produced a marked reduction in the proportion of drug-resistant oocytsts in the litter. This provides a useful adjunct to planned immunization programs since the procedure protects the birds against subsequent challenge through immunity imparted by the introduced strain while restoring the effectiveness of the anticoccidial drug which was previously ineffective because of the predominance of drug-resistant coccidia.
Combined block-turbo coding and RBF-based equalization with decision feedback (2004)

The combination of the radial basis function (RBF) based-equalizer with decision feedback and block turbo decoder is studied. In block turbo coding (BTC) which is based on iterative decoding of a product code, the RBF-based equalizer enters the iteration loop. There is some improvement in performance of this new scheme compared with the case that they are used individually, and also the system of the decision feedback equalizer and block turbo decoder.
Fluorinated Heterocyclic Derivatives of Sulfur, Selenium, and Phosphorus<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorinated Heterocyclic Derivatives of Sulfur, Selenium, and Phosphorus1C. G. Krespan and C. M. LangkammererCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3584–3587Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early detection of bearing faults by the Hilbert-Huang transform (2016)

The operation of bearings usually results in a dynamic behavior generating stationary and non-stationary vibration signals mixed with an amount of background noise. Therefore, the condition monitoring of bearings becomes difficult since the purpose is to extract health indicators able to detect the appearance of faults, track their evolution and predict the bearings' remaining useful life. The aim of this paper is the introduction of a new approach for the health monitoring of bearings. This approach is based on health indicators extracted from raw vibration signals filtered by the Hilbert-Huang transform. The proposed approach is composed of three steps. The first step uses the empirical mode decomposition to separate each vibration signal into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), where each IMF is located within a specific frequency band. The second step extracts instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies for each mode in order to identify its frequency band. Finally, the third step selects the interesting IMFs according to the characteristic frequencies of the bearing failures. The Hilbert marginal spectrum of the selected intrinsic mode functions are then considered as health indicators. The proposed approach is validated by real data taken from the PRONOSTIA experimental platform.
A broadband virtual path SONET/ATM self-healing ring architecture and its economic feasibility study (2003)

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path (VP) ring architecture using point-to-point VPs and its economic viability, as compared to present SONET/synchronous transfer mode (STM) ring architectures, are discussed. The ATM VP ring architecture can use existing SONET standard self-healing schemes and protocols for its service protection. A case study indicated that the ATM VP ring architecture may be a cost-effective option for implementing the distributed ring grooming system at the DS1 level, and the cost savings may be significant (up to 26-39% in the case study) when the distributed ring grooming scheme lowers the ring capacity requirement to some transmission line rate breaking point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive Cruise Control with Safety Guarantees for Autonomous Vehicles (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of following a vehicle with varying acceleration in a comfortable and safe manner. Our architecture consists of a nominal controller (here: model predictive control) and a safety controller. Although model predictive control attempts to keep a safe distance, it cannot formally guarantee it, due to the assumptions on the behavior of the leading vehicle. We address this problem by holding a formally verified safety controller available. Our novel mechanism gradually engages the safety maneuver since most critical situations resolve quickly. The overall approach is evaluated against real traffic data. The results show good position and velocity tracking performance, while safety and comfort are guaranteed.
Microstructure and Adhesion of Au Deposited on Parylene-c Substrate With Surface Modification for Potential Immunoassay Application (2004)

Improvement of recrystallization and adhesion of gold (Au) deposited on parylene-c (Pa-c) substrate with heat treatment and surface modification using physical and chemical treatment was investigated. Annealing of Au on Pa-c was performed to observe microstructure enhancement due to heat treatment from 100 to 250/spl deg/C. From the peak intensity and full-width at half-maximum of Au(111), its crystallinity appeared to improve as the annealing temperature increased, which can provide the surface with proper creation of monolayers. Several physical and chemical methods of surface modifications were employed to analyze surface energy and adhesion promotion, such as oxygen plasma, atmospheric plasma, ion beam, and Bovine serum albumin. These results exhibit excellent adhesion properties by exploiting oxygen plasma and ion-beam treatment, which induce carbonyl groups via the mechanical interlocking.
Phase-modulated stored waveform inverse Fourier transform excitation for trapped ion mass spectrometry (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase-modulated stored waveform inverse Fourier transform excitation for trapped ion mass spectrometryLing. Chen, Tao Chin Lin. Wang, Tom L. Ricca, and Alan G. MarshallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 3, 449–454Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00130a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00130a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views650Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation—50 Years of Evolution and Future Perspectives (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a highly specialized and unique medical procedure. Autologous transplantation allows the administration of high-dose chemotherapy without prolonged bone marrow aplasia. In allogeneic transplantation, donor-derived stem cells provide alloimmunity that enables a graft-versus-tumor effect to eradicate residual disease and prevent relapse. The first allogeneic transplantation was performed by E. Donnall Thomas in 1957. Since then the field has evolved and expanded worldwide. New indications beside acute leukemia and aplastic anemia have been constantly explored and now include congenital disorders of the hematopoietic system, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune disease. The use of matched unrelated donors, umbilical cord blood units, and partially matched related donors has dramatically extended the availability of allogeneic transplantation. Transplant-related mortality has decreased due to improved supportive care, including better strategies to prevent severe infections and with the incorporation of reduced-intensity conditioning protocols that lowered the toxicity and allowed for transplantation in older patients. However, disease relapse and graft-versus-host disease remain the two major causes of mortality with unsatisfactory progress. Intense research aiming to improve adoptive immunotherapy and increase graft-versus-leukemia response while decreasing graft-versus-host response might bring the next breakthrough in allogeneic transplantation. Strategies of graft manipulation, tumor-associated antigen vaccinations, monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy have already proved clinically efficient. In the following years, allogeneic transplantation is likely to become more complex, more individualized, and more efficient.
Genetic analysis of feline panleukopenia viruses from cats with gastroenteritis (2008)

Thirty-nine parvovirus strains contained in faecal samples collected in Italy (n=34) and UK (n=5) from cats with feline panleukopenia were characterized at the molecular level. All viruses were proven to be true feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) strains by a minor groove binder probe assay, which is able to discriminate between FPLV and the closely related canine parvovirus type 2. By using sequence analysis of the VP2 gene, it was found that the FPLV strains detected in Italy and UK were highly related to each other, with a nucleotide identity of 99.1-100 and 99.4-99.8% among Italian and British strains, respectively, whereas the similarities between all the sequences analysed were 98.6-100%. Eighty-eight variable positions were detected in the VP2 gene of the field and reference FPLV strains, most of which were singletons. Synonymous substitutions (n=57) predominated over non-synonymous substitutions (n=31), and the ratio between synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) was 0.10, thus confirming that evolution of FPLV is driven by random genetic drift rather than by positive selection pressure. Some amino acid mutations in the VP2 protein affected sites that are thought to be responsible for antigenic and biological properties of the virus, but no clear patterns of segregation and genetic markers, were identified, confirming that FPLV is in evolutionary stasis.
Three-dimensional coupled heat, moisture, and air transfer in a deformable unsaturated soil (1999)

A three-dimensional numerical model is presented for three-phase flow (moisture, air, and heat) in a deformable partly saturated soil with deformation calculated via a non-linear elastic theory. The present work is an extension of a two-dimensional analysis presented by Thomas and He. The objective of this work is the solution of problems of greater geometric complexity. The mathematical formulation of this coupled problem consists of four governing equations, developed from the principles of mass and energy conservations as well as the stress equilibrium equation. Darcy's flow law is used to describe the motion of liquid and air in the porous medium, and a Philip and de Vries type vapour flow approach is employed in the formulation. A Galerkin finite element method coupled with a finite difference recurrence relationship is used to obtain simultaneous solutions to the governing equations where pore liquid, pore air pressures, temperature and displacements are the primary variables. The method allows the non-linear nature of the soil parameters to be modelled. Three-dimensional 20-noded isoparametric elements are used to simulate different types of cases for the verification of the work. Results are presented of the application of the new model to four problems, two of which are isothermal and two heating simulations. The three-dimensional nature of the results achieved is highlighted. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oil Production by High-Pressure Thermal Treatment of Black Liquors (1988)

Liquid-phase treatment of black liquors, from alkaline pulping, at 300 - 350 °C in a reducing atmosphere results in the formation of an oil-like product, which separates out from an aqueous phase containing the inorganic constituents. The process has several potential forms of application. This study was conducted in support of the development of one such application: a new recovery system for the kraft pulping process. Thermal treatment experiments were performed using different reactant gases with the main objective of elucidating the interactions between the gaseous-phase and aqueous-phase components. This information was used to advantage in the compilation of a process scheme for the recovery of the cooking chemicals from the aqueous phase.