gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coverage and Rate Analysis for Millimeter-Wave Cellular Networks (2014)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) holds promise as a carrier frequency for fifth generation cellular networks. Because mmWave signals are sensitive to blockage, prior models for cellular networks operated in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band do not apply to analyze mmWave cellular networks directly. Leveraging concepts from stochastic geometry, this paper proposes a general framework to evaluate the coverage and rate performance in mmWave cellular networks. Using a distance-dependent line-of-site (LOS) probability function, the locations of the LOS and non-LOS base stations are modeled as two independent non-homogeneous Poisson point processes, to which different path loss laws are applied. Based on the proposed framework, expressions for the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) and rate coverage probability are derived. The mmWave coverage and rate performance are examined as a function of the antenna geometry and base station density. The case of dense networks is further analyzed by applying a simplified system model, in which the LOS region of a user is approximated as a fixed LOS ball. The results show that dense mmWave networks can achieve comparable coverage and much higher data rates than conventional UHF cellular systems, despite the presence of blockages. The results suggest that the cell size to achieve the optimal SINR scales with the average size of the area that is LOS to a user.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Multimodality Treatment: Long-Term Follow-Up and Investigations of Late Neuropsychologic Effects (1999)

PCI at a moderate dose reduced brain metastases in LAD-NSCLC to a clinically significant extent, comparable to that in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer. Late toxicity to normal brain was acceptable. This study supports the use of PCI within intense protocols for LAD-NSCLC, particularly in patients with favorable prognostic factors.
The effect of aclidinium bromide 400 µg on sleep quality in COPD: A pilot study (2016)

<b>Background:</b> Aclidinium bromide 400 µg (AB) is known to improve lung function and symptoms in moderate to severe COPD; however, sleep disturbances are common in patients with COPD. <b>Aim:</b> This study investigated the effects of AB on symptoms and sleep quality. <b>Methods:</b> This was a Phase IV, 21-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, two-period, crossover pilot study (NCT02153489). Assessments included FEV<sub>1</sub>, symptoms (cough, wheeze, sputum, dyspnoea, chest tightness, congestion), physical activity, polysomnography and adverse events (AEs). <b>Results:</b> Patients (n=30; mean age: 64.4 y; male: 50%; mean pre-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> ±standard deviation: 1.3±0.4 L) received AB or PBO twice daily (BID). Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were excluded. After 21 days, AB improved both trough and peak FEV<sub>1</sub> vs PBO (p<0.05). AB improved evening symptoms (p<0.01) vs PBO and showed numerical improvements in morning (p=0.06) and nighttime (p=0.08) symptoms. AB increased rapid eye movement sleep by 2.53% (p<0.05) and decreased oxygen desaturation index by 2.5 (p<0.05) vs PBO. AB numerically improved total sleep time by 19 min (p=0.11), sleep efficiency by 3.6% (p=0.12), moderate physical activity by 18 min/day (p=0.06) and number of steps by 246 steps/day (p=0.59) vs PBO. AEs were similar across groups; the most frequent were erythema (10.0%), nasopharyngitis (6.7%) and rhinitis (6.7%). <b>Conclusions:</b> In this pilot study, aclidinium 400 µg BID significantly improved lung function. Improvements were also observed in sleep quality, physical activity and symptoms in patients with moderate COPD. These changes may be clinically important and therefore require confirmation in adequately powered studies.
Development and pharmacologic characterization of the rat 6 Hz model of partial seizures (2017)

In a manner similar to the use of the mouse 6 Hz model, development of a rat 6 Hz test will aid in the differentiation of ASDs, as well as in study design and dose selection for chronic rat models of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The limited number of established ASDs with demonstrable efficacy at the higher stimulus intensity suggests that, like the mouse 6 Hz 44 mA model, the rat 6 Hz seizure model may be a useful screening tool for pharmacoresistant seizures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody-.beta.-Lactamase Conjugates (1994)

beta-Lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae (beta L) was conjugated to the Fab'2 fragment of the monoclonal antibody L6 through a thioether linkage. Although L6-Fab'2-beta L was capable of activating the antitumor prodrug, 7-(phenylacetamido)cephalosporin mustard, it was impaired in its ability to bind to antigens on the H2981 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. As a result, studies were undertaken to prepare conjugates with preserved binding activities. L6-Fab'-beta L and a dimeric conjugate consisting of two individual L6-Fab' units linked to a single beta L molecule (dimeric L6-beta L) were prepared by linking L6-Fab'-SH to maleimide-substituted beta L. Analysis of these conjugates by SDS-PAGE indicated that the linkage involved heavy-chain thiol groups on L6 that are most likely in the hinge region and are therefore removed from the antigen binding site of the antibody. Cell binding studies revealed that the monovalent conjugate L6-Fab'-beta L bound as well as L6-Fab'. Dimeric L6-beta L displayed slightly less binding than L6-Fab'2, but bound substantially better than L6-Fab'2-beta L. Lower concentrations of dimeric L6-beta L compared to L6-Fab'2-beta L were required to convert the prodrug 7-(phenylacetamido)-cephalosporin mustard into the cytotoxic drug phenylenediamine mustard. Localization studies were performed in nude mice with H2981 subcutaneous tumor xenografts. At 96 h post conjugate treatment, there was no significant difference in tumor concentration between L6-Fab'2-beta L and dimeric L6-beta L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Detection on Metalized Nanostructured Poly(<i>p</i>‐xylylene) Films (2008)

The development of a SERS substrate with high uniformity and sample-to-sample reproducibility is reported. Nanostructured poly(p-xylylene) films are prepared using an oblique-angle polymerization method, and SERS-active metals are deposited onto the nanostructured polymer by using thermal evaporation (see figure). The use of the substrate for a robust and reagentless detection of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is demonstrated.
Sequential generalized likelihood ratio tests for vaccine safety evaluation (2010)

The evaluation of vaccine safety involves pre-clinical animal studies, pre-licensure randomized clinical trials, and post-licensure safety studies. Sequential design and analysis are of particular interest because they allow early termination of the trial or quick detection that the vaccine exceeds a prescribed bound on the adverse event rate. After a review of the recent developments in this area, we propose a new class of sequential generalized likelihood ratio tests for evaluating adverse event rates in two-armed pre-licensure clinical trials and single-armed post-licensure studies. The proposed approach is illustrated using data from the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial. Simulation studies of the performance of the proposed approach and other methods are also given.
A BDI multi-agent approach for power restoration (2014)

The objective of this paper is to design and develop a Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agent-based approach for power system restoration. We describe a multiple bus electrical power system (multi-bus power system) as a market environment that consists of BDI bus agents representing two different characters, consumer and producer. These bus agents are able to balance the power system between power generation and load consumption while consumers explore the market and trade the power resource with producers. In addition, the power system will be naturally and efficiently split into power branches by the bus agents. When a fault occurs in the system, the bus agents can maximize the capacity of the served loads or minimize the loss of power loads (when load shedding may be the only option) in a timely manner. The proposed BDI multi-agent approach can be applied to any size or structure of the multi-bus power systems. It is shown from our simulation and results comparison that the proposed approach becomes more effective and efficient when the scale of the multi-bus power system expands.
Current Consensus and Update on Psoriasis Therapy: A Perspective from the U.S. (1999)

Psoriasis is one of the more common forms of chronic dermatitis in the world. The latest U.S.-wide epidemiological study conducted by the author revealed a prevalence rate of 2.6% of the population, which translates to over 6 million Americans (1). Psoriasis comes in many different degrees of severity and responsiveness to treatment modalities. Some cases are very mild and quite responsive to treatment, while others are so severe, chronic and recalcitrant that they test the skill and ingenuity of the best clinicians. Fortunately, there are also many different treatment options. Topical therapies include crude coal tar, anthralin, corticosteroids, calcipotriol, and tazarotene. Phototherapy may be a better choice in patients with more extensive psoriasis; UVB or psoralen plus subsequest UVA (PUVA) can be used. There are also a host of systemic therapies (cyclosporine, methotrexate, acitretin), which can be chosen in recalcitrant cases, or when topical or phototherapy is impractical. Importantly, significant increases in efficacy can be obtained by combining multiple therapies (Re-PUVA, topical calcipotriol plus topical halobetasol) and significant decreases in side effects can be obtained by transitioning through or rotating between therapies (cyclosporine transitioning into acitretin).
Texture and Symmetry Relationships in Piezoelectric Materials (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Doped diamond thin film electron sources for thermionic energy conversion (2013)

Thermionic energy conversion is a process that allows direct conversion of heat into electrical energy without mechanically moving components. In a thermionic converter electrons from the emitter traverse a small gap, are collected by a counter-electrode, the collector, and a self generated voltage develops across the gap. We have prepared prepared an ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) based thermionic electron emitter that exhibits a low effective work function of typically 1.4 eV. This was attributed in part to reduced band bending and to the negative electron affinity (NEA) surface. A thermionic energy converter comprised of 2 diamond electrodes were positioned to establish a 25 micron gap and the emitter which was operated at temperatures up to 700 Celsius with a self generated open circuit voltage of 0.35 V. The reduced power output of the device was in part attributed to space charge effects and diamond film resistivity. Utilizing surface ionization effects at the emitter by introducing atomic hydrogen into the converter gap resulted in significant power output increase. With atomic hydrogen in the gap, the converter was operated up to 750 Celsius indicative of efficient surface ionization for charge transfer as well as a stable NEA diamond surface.
Adhesive improvement of the mechanical properties of a dense HA-cemented Ti dental implant (1996)

We have been using dense, pure hydroxyapatite (HA) dental implants for the last 15 years and results have shown that dense HA is a chemically stable material with acceptable mechanical properties. However, due to HA's physical characteristics, particularly its brittleness, there is the risk that the implant will fail if the subsequent bone binding comprises less than one half of the root portion. To ensure greater implant success, a new cementing method has been developed that uses methacrylates for the bonding of the dense HA outer shell to the titanium (Ti) inner cylinder in a two-piece HA-cemented Ti implant. Mechanical property tests were conducted to compare the HA-cemented Ti implant bonded with this new acrylic cement with existing commercially available HA-cemented Ti implants bonded with a triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)-bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BisGMA compound). The vertical and horizontal compressive strength of this improved implant was respectively 3.4 and 6.1 times greater than the commercial implants. This increased strength of new acrylic cement is due to its ability to compensate for shrinkage that affects adhesion during curing, thereby providing stronger bonding.
Inductance calculation and optimal pin assignment for the design of pin-grid-array and chip carrier packages (1990)

A methodology for the calculation of self- and mutual inductance of various electrical paths in a pin-grid array (PGA) or a chip carrier package is described. An N*N inductance matrix is generated for a package, where N is determined by the number of pins, power, and ground planes. Theory, algorithms, and software have been developed to compute the effective inductance of multiply coupled inductors. The software estimates the number of pins for a specified value of inductance and computes the effective inductance for sets of pins chosen for various functions. In this manner, several groups of pin assignments can be evaluated to obtain the smallest effective inductance. The design software computes a 132*132 inductance matrix in about 45 min on an HP 9040 computer. Illustrative examples of pin assignments for power and ground pins in single- and multilayer packages are provided. Good agreement between calculation and experiment was found for packages with pin counts varying from 68 to 289. Design guidelines for pin assignments and placement of power distribution planes in a single- or multilayer package are given for low-inductance package design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Yeast wall protein 1 of Candida albicans (2005)

Yeast wall protein 1 (Ywp1, also called Pga24) of Candida albicans is predicted to be a 533 aa polypeptide with an N-terminal secretion signal, a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor signal and a central region rich in serine and threonine. In yeast cultures, Ywp1p appeared to be linked covalently to glucans of the wall matrix, but, as cultures approached stationary phase, Ywp1p accumulated in the medium and was extractable from cells with disulfide-reducing agents. An 11 kDa propeptide of Ywp1p was also present in these soluble fractions; it possessed the sole N-glycan of Ywp1p and served as a useful marker for Ywp1p. DNA vaccines encoding all or part of Ywp1p generated analytically useful antisera in mice, but did not increase survival times for disseminated candidiasis. Replacement of the coding sequence of YWP1 with the fluorescent reporter GFP revealed that expression of YWP1 is greatest during yeast exponential-phase growth, but downregulated in stationary phase and upon filamentation. Expression was upregulated when the extracellular phosphate concentration was low. Disruption by homologous recombination of both YWP1 alleles resulted in no obvious change in growth, morphology or virulence, but the Ywp1p-deficient blastoconidia exhibited increased adhesiveness and biofilm formation, suggesting that Ywp1p may promote dispersal of yeast forms of C. albicans.
Chiral synthesis via organoboranes. 21. Allyl- and crotylboration of .alpha.-chiral aldehydes with diisopinocampheylboron as the chiral auxiliary (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral synthesis via organoboranes. 21. Allyl- and crotylboration of .alpha.-chiral aldehydes with diisopinocampheylboron as the chiral auxiliaryHerbert C. Brown, Krishna S. Bhat, and Ramnarayan S. RandadCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 7, 1570–1576Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00268a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00268a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2508Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, fabrication and test of miniature plastic panomorph lenses with 180° field of view (2014)

We present two miniature all plastic megapixel panomorph lenses for consumer electronics (total track length (TTL) of 6.56 mm) and mobile devices (TTL of 3.80 mm) showing the unique challenges from specification, design, manufacturing and testing phases of these new generation of miniature 180° FoV wide-angle lenses.
Transmission mode ion/ion proton transfer reactions in a linear ion trap (2007)

A new method is described for effecting ion/ion proton transfer reactions that involves storage of analyte ions while oppositely charged ions are transmitted through the stored ion population. In this approach, the products are captured and stored in the linear ion trap for subsequent mass analysis. Charge reduction of multiply charged protein ions is used as an example to illustrate the analytical usefulness of this method. In another variation of the transmission mode ion/ion reaction approach, two charge inversion experiments, implemented by passing analyte ions through a population of multiply charged reagent ions in a LIT, are also demonstrated. A pulsed dual ion source approach coupled with a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap instrument was used to demonstrate these two methods. The results for ion/ion reactions implemented using these so-called "transmission mode" experiments were comparable to those acquired using the more conventional mutual storage mode, both in terms of efficiency and information content of the spectra. An advantage of transmission mode experiments compared with mutual storage mode experiments is that they do not require any specialized measures to be taken to enable the simultaneous storage of oppositely charged ions.
Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser oscillators (1995)

A complete model to evaluate frequency conversion that is due to highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser oscillators is presented; propagation effects are taken into account. Simplified expressions are obtained in the limit of perfectly reflecting mirrors that permit analytical solutions; they are in good agreement with the results of the numerical analysis. Examples of results exhibit interesting features such as a correction factor for the relaxation frequency peak, good conversion gain up to the terahertz region, and complex behavior of the frequency response near side-mode resonances.
Study of Ethanol-Gasoline Onboard Separation System for Knocking Suppression (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Bio-ethanol is used worldwide in fuel mixtures such as E10 gasoline. In this study, an onboard fuel system employing a pervaporation membrane was investigated to separate E10 into high-octane-number fuel (high-concentration ethanol fuel) and low-octane-number fuel (low-concentration ethanol fuel). The optimal operation conditions and size of the membrane unit for the separation system were determined in consideration of the separation rate and vehicle installation. This system can supply separated ethanol with sufficient speed and quantity to improve engine performance under practical driving conditions. In addition, the study was conducted to confirm that separated fuels have properties sufficient for use in automobiles. This separation rate enabled 5-cycle-mode driving without temporary shortage of permeated fuel.</div></div>
A Naturally Occurring HER2 Carboxy-Terminal Fragment Promotes Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2009)

HER2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor causally involved in cancer. A subgroup of breast cancer patients with particularly poor clinical outcomes expresses a heterogeneous collection of HER2 carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs). However, since the CTFs lack the extracellular domain that drives dimerization and subsequent activation of full-length HER2, they are in principle expected to be inactive. Here we show that at low expression levels one of these fragments, 611-CTF, activated multiple signaling pathways because of its unanticipated ability to constitutively homodimerize. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that 611-CTF specifically controlled the expression of genes that we found to be correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Among the 611-CTF-regulated genes were several that have previously been linked to metastasis, including those for MET, EPHA2, matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 11, angiopoietin-like 4, and different integrins. It is thought that transgenic mice overexpressing HER2 in the mammary glands develop tumors only after acquisition of activating mutations in the transgene. In contrast, we show that expression of 611-CTF led to development of aggressive and invasive mammary tumors without the need for mutations. These results demonstrate that 611-CTF is a potent oncogene capable of promoting mammary tumor progression and metastasis.