gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Ti/BDD Electrodes for Pollutant Oxidation (2003)

Deposition of stable boron-doped diamond (BDD) films on Ti substrates is believed to be very difficult. In the present study, the stability of Ti/BDD electrodes has been significantly improved by using an organic additive, CH2(OCH3)2. The improved electrodes had service lives of 175-264 h under accelerated life test conditions, which are 2.3-3.0 times longer than the service lives of electrodes prepared with the conventional H2 + CH4 mixture. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations demonstrated thatthe films had well-defined diamond features. The current efficiency (CE) obtained on Ti/BDD was 46.9-78.5% in oxidizing acetic acid, maleic acid, phenol, and dyes, which is 1.6-4.3-fold higher than that obtained on the typical Ti/ Sb2O5-SnO2 electrode. We used a Ti/BDD electrode prepared with H2 + CH4 + CH2(OCH3)2 for over 300 h; its activity remained superior. The successful development of stable and active Ti/BDD electrodes significantly increases the feasibility of industrial applications of anodic oxidation in wastewater treatment.
Modulation by Progesterone of Interleukin‐6 Production by Gingival Fibroblasts (1995)

The gingivitis associated with pregnancy has been attributed to increased concentrations of circulating estrogen and/or progesterone. However, the mechanism by which these steroids increase gingival inflammation is not known. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by many cell types including human gingival fibroblasts (hGF), is secreted in response to inflammatory challenges such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 (IL-1). This study tested the hypothesis that progesterone could modulate the local production of IL-6 by hGF. The effects of progesterone on IL-6 production were measured in vitro in serum-free, phenol red-free medium to eliminate possible effects of such medium additives. The concentration of IL-6 secreted into supernatant medium after a 24 hour challenge with IL-1 beta was estimated by radioimmunoassay. Total RNA from steroid-treated hGF was probed for IL-6 mRNA. In serum-free medium, progesterone dose-dependently and significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited IL-6 production by hGF, as did the glucocorticoids hydrocortisone (HC) and dexamethasone. At progesterone concentrations common in late pregnancy, IL-6 production was reduced to levels 40 to 50% of control. In addition, mRNA was significantly down-regulated by progesterone and HC, at both basal levels and after IL-1 beta challenge. These results suggest that high levels of progesterone during pregnancy affect the development of localized inflammation by down-regulation of IL-6 production, rendering the gingiva less efficient at resisting the inflammatory challenges produced by bacteria.
Simulating CSF Flow Dynamics in the Normal and the Chiari I Subarachnoid Space during Rest and Exertion (2012)

Raising the cycle rate from 80 to 120 cpm increased superior-inferior average pressure gradients and the range of synchronous bidirectional flow velocities in the normal and Chiari I models.
Intracellular mRNA cleavage by 3' tRNase under the direction of 2'-O-methyl RNA heptamers (2003)

Mammalian tRNA 3' processing endoribonuclease (3'-tRNase) can cleave any RNA at any site under the direction of small guide RNA (sgRNA) in vitro. sgRNAs can be as short as heptamers, which are much smaller than small interfering RNAs of approximately 21 nt. Together with such flexibility in substrate recognition, the ubiquity and the constitutive expression of 3'-tRNase have suggested that this enzyme can be utilized for specific cleavage of cellular RNAs by introducing appropriate sgRNAs into living cells. Here we demonstrated that the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase can be downregulated by an appropriate sgRNA which is introduced into Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells as an expression plasmid or a synthetic 2'-O-methyl RNA. We also showed that 2'-O-methyl RNA heptamers can attack luciferase mRNAs with a high specificity and induce 3'-tRNase-mediated knock-down of the mRNAs in 293 cells. Furthermore, the MTT cell viability assay suggested that an RNA heptamer can downregulate the endogenous Bcl-2 mRNA in Sarcoma 180 cells. This novel sgRNA/3'-tRNase strategy for destroying specific cellular RNAs may be utilized for therapeutic applications.
Vision-Based Guidance Line Detection in Row Crop Fields (2010)

A new method of vision-based guidance line detection is developed to find guidance line in row crop fields for agricultural machinery, which uses the mathematical morphology to process images and segment crops in images and to extract target crops. The guidance line is fit with the least-square method according to the centroids of individual target crops or/and the central points of several pixel rows of crops with a continuous region in image. The guidance line could be found easily in three kinds of row crop fields, such as individual crop plants with spacing in image, plants with continuous region in image, and plants with both features above. Then experiments were implemented by an agricultural robot in a vegetable field, and results showed that the algorithm enabled the robot to drive along crop row with a high accuracy ±29.5 mm, and had an expected speed of image processing between 0.7s and 1.3s, which meets the needs of agricultural production. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has a good performance in accuracy and speed of image processing, and has robust performance for different crops.
La expresión de desacuerdo en japonés coloquial: una aproximación socio-pragmática y analítico- conversacional (2016)

espanolDiversos estudios recientes han demostrado que los japoneses son capaces de disentir con mas frecuencia de lo que hubieramos podido suponer (Honda 2002 , Saft 1999 , 2004 , Sugimoto 2003 ), en contra de la imagen extendida de una sociedad donde prima la armonia y el consenso (Watanabe 1993 , Maynard 1997 ). El presente estudio aporta mas evidencias de lo primero mediante el analisis de actos de desacuerdo en conversaciones informales entre estudiantes universitarios japoneses, usando como marco la pragmatica social y el analisis de la conversacion. Los resultados evidencian que la incidencia del desacuerdo no es insignificante en el contexto analizado, y que, ademas, se pueden realizar de forma abierta y directa, lo que viene a confirmar que, en los contextos de interaccion adecuados, los japoneses pueden ser tan francos en sus opiniones como en otras culturas y paises. EnglishRecent studies have demonstrated that Japanese people may disagree more often than one might have expected (Honda 2002 , Saft 1999 , 2004 , Sugimoto 2003 ), contrasting with the extended image of a society in which consensus and rapport is the norm (Watanabe 1993 , Maynard 1997 ). This paper provides further evidence of the former aspect via the analysis of acts of disagreement in informal conversations among Japanese college students using social-pragmatic and conversation-analytic approaches. Results show that the production of disagreement is not negligible within the context analyzed. Moreover, they can be rendered in an open and direct manner, which seems to confirm that, depending on the context, the Japanese natives can be as honest and open as in any other culture when expressing their opinions
Detection of sperm-coating antigens immunologically related to a seminal protein in rat. (1988)

We report in this paper that proteins from the surface of ejaculated spermatozoa contain antigenic determinants cross-reacting with a rabbit antiserum raised against native CFS, a protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle and composed of two subunits, namely RSV IV and RSV V. Conversely, no such proteins could be extracted from cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The cross-reacting proteins derived from the ejaculated spermatozoa were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. An electrophoretic pattern different than that expected for native CFS in denaturing conditions was found. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that labeled native CFS is able to bind cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The CFS protein recovered from the sperm surface was examined and alterations of its structure were also noted. The sperm-coating abilities of CFS and of its RSV IV subunit are discussed.
Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization following PD‐1 blockade: Cytokine release syndrome after transplantation managed with ascorbic acid (2019)

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is effective in the treatment of relapsed classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Here, we report a patient with relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma who received nivolumab prior to autologous stem cell mobilization. She went on to develop cytokine storm shortly following transplantation, with marked T-cell proliferation coincident with myeloid engraftment. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage developed despite corticosteroid therapy. There was rapid and complete resolution of these complications with parenteral ascorbic acid infusion. Our case illustrates the risk of cytokine release syndrome following infusion of stem cells mobilized after checkpoint inhibitor therapy and the role of ascorbic acid in its management.
Evidence of Nanocrystalline Semiconducting Graphene Monoxide during Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Vacuum (2011)

As silicon-based electronics are reaching the nanosize limits of the semiconductor roadmap, carbon-based nanoelectronics has become a rapidly growing field, with great interest in tuning the properties of carbon-based materials. Chemical functionalization is a proposed route, but syntheses of graphene oxide (G-O) produce disordered, nonstoichiometric materials with poor electronic properties. We report synthesis of an ordered, stoichiometric, solid-state carbon oxide that has never been observed in nature and coexists with graphene. Formation of this material, graphene monoxide (GMO), is achieved by annealing multilayered G-O. Our results indicate that the resulting thermally reduced G-O (TRG-O) consists of a two-dimensional nanocrystalline phase segregation: unoxidized graphitic regions are separated from highly oxidized regions of GMO. GMO has a quasi-hexagonal unit cell, an unusually high 1:1 O:C ratio, and a calculated direct band gap of ∼0.9 eV.
Phyloproteomic classification of unsequenced organisms by top‐down identification of bacterial proteins using capLC‐MS/MS on an Orbitrap (2010)

Currently, most MS-based proteomic studies of bacteria and archea match experimental data to known amino acid sequences from the target organism. Top-down studies use a protein's molecular weight along with data gathered from MS/MS experiments to identify proteins by database matching. For Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter cloacae, studied here, the necessary protein sequences are not available in protein sequence repositories. We apply top-down protein fragmentation, but match the experimental data with homologous proteins from related organisms with sequenced genomes, demonstrating considerable shared protein sequence between closely related bacteria. Using this homology-based approach, we are not only able to identify representative proteins, but are also able to place the two target bacteria in their correct phylogeny. Furthermore, we show that the unexpected mass delta between the experimental precursor and matched protein sequence can often be localized and characterized using accurate-mass precursor and fragment ion measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that proteins identified by top-down workflows provide strong experimental evidence for correct, missing, and misannotated bacterial protein sequences, not only in the analyzed organism, but also for homologous proteins in closely related species.
Behavior of low energy fast plasma focus devices as D-D fusion neutron sources (2012)

The behavior and optimization of a fast low energy plasma focus in repetitive mode as a neutron source are studied. The methodology for measurement of the neutron yield is revised, and definitions of equivalent quantities to the neutron intensity for the case of pulsed sources are discussed. The shot-to-shot distribution associated to the neutron production is modeled theoretically, these models are compared with experimental results.
Effectiveness of self- or partner-administration of an extended-release aqueous-gel formulation of lanreotide in lanreotide-naïve patients with acromegaly (2009)

Surgical resection is often not curative in patients with acromegaly and long-acting somatostatin analogues (lanreotide or octreotide) are often needed. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of self- or partner-administration of lanreotide in patients with acromegaly. This was a six-month, single-arm, open-label study conducted at 13 endocrinology clinics. Fifty-nine patients received deep subcutaneous lanreotide injections every 28 days. Twelve patients started on 120 mg lanreotide and forty-seven started on 90 mg lanreotide. At week 16, the dose was adjusted to 60, 90 or 120 mg based on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels at week 12. Fifty-nine patients with acromegaly either switched from long-acting octreotide (switch; n = 33) or were somatostatin analogue treatment-naïve or not currently taking long-acting octreotide ("other"; n = 26). The key endpoints included the percentage of patients/partners able to self- or partner-inject lanreotide and those with normal IGF-1 or growth hormone (GH) levels at week 24/early termination. 100% of patients/partners correctly self- (n = 41) or partner-injected (n = 18) lanreotide by week 4. By week 24/early termination, IGF-1 levels were controlled in 93.7% of switch and 46.2% of "other" patients, while GH levels were controlled in 76.9% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Both IGF-1 and GH were controlled in 73.1% of switch and 30.4% of "other" patients. Most switch patients (81%) reported they preferred lanreotide over long-acting octreotide for future use (P = 0.0001). Self- or partner-administration of lanreotide is generally well tolerated and associated with IGF-1 and GH control in many lanreotide-naïve patients with acromegaly.
Perception and modulation of pain in waking and hypnosis: functional significance of phase-ordered gamma oscillations (2004)

Somatosensory event-related phase-ordered gamma oscillations (40-Hz) to electric painful standard stimuli under an odd-ball paradigm were analyzed in 13 high, 13 medium, and 12 low hypnotizable subjects during waking, hypnosis, and post-hypnosis conditions. During these conditions, subjects received a suggestion of Focused Analgesia to produce an obstructive hallucination of stimulus perception; a No-Analgesia treatment served as a control. After hypnosis, a post-hypnotic suggestion was given to draw waking subjects into a deep hypnosis with opened eyes. High hypnotizables, compared to medium and low ones, experienced significant pain and distress reductions for Focused Analgesia during hypnosis and, to a greater extent, during post-hypnosis condition. Correlational analysis of EEG sweeps of each individual revealed brief intervals of phase ordering of gamma patterns, preceding and following stimulus onset, lasting approximately six periods. High and medium hypnotizable subjects showed significant reductions in phase-ordered gamma patterns for Focused Analgesia during hypnosis and post-hypnosis conditions; this effect was found, however, more pronounced in high hypnotizable subjects. Phase-ordered gamma scores over central scalp site predicted subject pain ratings across Waking-Pain and Waking-Analgesia conditions, while phase-ordered gamma scores over frontal scalp site predicted pain ratings during post-hypnosis analgesia condition. During waking conditions, this relationship was present in high, low and medium hypnotizable subjects and was independent of stimulus intensity measures. This relationship was unchanged by hypnosis induction in the low hypnotizable subjects, but not present in the high and medium ones during hypnosis, suggesting that hypnosis interferes with phase-ordered gamma and pain relationship.
The Second Galanin Receptor GalR2 Plays a Key Role in Neurite Outgrowth from Adult Sensory Neurons (2003)

Expression of the neuropeptide galanin is markedly upregulated within the adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. We demonstrated previously that the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration is reduced in galanin knock-out mice, with similar deficits observed in neurite outgrowth from cultured mutant DRG neurons. Here, we show that the addition of galanin peptide significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth from wild-type sensory neurons and fully rescued the observed deficits in mutant cultures. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth in wild-type cultures was reduced to levels observed in the mutants by the addition of the galanin antagonist M35 [galanin(1-13)bradykinin(2-9)]. Study of the first galanin receptor (GalR1) knock-out animals demonstrated no differences in neurite outgrowth compared with wild-type animals. Similarly, use of a GalR1-specific antagonist had no effect on neuritogenesis. In contrast, use of a GalR2-specific agonist had equipotent effects on neuritogenesis to galanin peptide, and inhibition of PKC reduced neurite outgrowth from wild-type sensory neurons to that observed in galanin knock-out cultures. These results demonstrate that adult sensory neurons are dependent, in part, on galanin for neurite extension and that this crucial physiological process is mediated by activation of the GalR2 receptor in a PKC-dependent manner.
An image-directed robotic system for precise orthopaedic surgery (1994)

The authors have developed an image-directed robotic system to augment the performance of human surgeons in precise bone machining procedures in orthopaedic surgery, initially targeted at cementless total hip replacement surgery. The total system consists of an interactive CT-based presurgical planning component and a surgical system consisting of a robot, redundant motion monitoring, and man-machine interface components. In vitro experiments conducted with this system have demonstrated an order-of-magnitude improvement in implant fit and placement accuracy, compared to standard manual preparation techniques. The first generation system described in this paper was used in a successful veterinary clinical trial on 26 dogs needing hip replacement surgery. It was the basis for subsequent development of a second-generation system that is now in human clinical trials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surface Dynamics of Bacteriorhodopsin as Revealed by 13C NMR Studies on [13C]Ala-Labeled Proteins: Detection of Millisecond or Microsecond Motions in Interhelical Loops and C-Terminal  -Helix (2001)

We have recorded (13)C NMR spectra of [2-(13)C]-, [1-(13)C]-, [3-(13)C],- and [1,2,3-(13)C(3)]Ala-labeled bacteriorhodopsin (bR), and its mutants, A196G, A160G, and A103C, by means of cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) and dipolar decoupled-magic angle spinning (DD-MAS) techniques, to reveal the conformation and dynamics of bR, with emphasis on the loop and C-terminus structures. The (13)C NMR signals of the loop (C-D, E-F, and F-G) regions were almost completely suppressed from [2-(13)C]-, [1-(13)C]Ala-, and [1-(13)C]Gly-labeled bR, due to the presence of conformational fluctuation with correlation times of 10(-4) s that interfered with the peak-narrowing by magic angle spinning. The observation of such suppressed peaks for specific residues provides a unique means of detecting intermediate frequency motions on the time scale of ms or micros in the surface loops of membrane proteins. Instead, the three well-resolved (13)C CP-MAS NMR signals of [2-(13)C]Ala-bR, at 50.38, 49.90, and 47.96 ppm, were ascribed to the C-terminal alpha-helix previously proposed from the data for [3-(13)C]Ala-bR: the former two peaks were assigned to Ala 232 and 238, in view of the results of successive proteolysis experiments, while the highest-field peak was ascribed to Ala 235 prior to Pro 236. Even such (13)C NMR signals were substantially broadened when (13)C NMR spectra of fully labeled [1,2,3-(13)C]Ala-bR were recorded, because the broadening and splitting of peaks due to the accelerated transverse relaxation rate caused by the increased number of relaxation pathways through a number of (13)C-(13)C homo-nuclear dipolar interactions and scalar J couplings, respectively, are dominant among (13)C-labeled nuclei. In addition, approximate correlation times for local conformational fluctuations of different domains, including the C-terminal tail, C-terminal alpha-helix, loops, and transmembrane alpha-helices, were estimated by measurement of the spin-lattice relaxation times in the laboratory frame and spin-spin relaxation times under the conditions of cross-polarization-magic angle spinning, and comparative study of suppressed specific peaks between the CP-MAS and DD-MAS experiments.
In Silico mutagenesis and Docking studies of active site residues suggest altered substrate specificity and possible physiological role of Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase 1 (Ll-CCRH1) (2013)

Ll-CCRH1 - Leucaena leucocephala cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1, OPLS - Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations, RMSD - Root Mean Square Deviation.
Human Cockayne syndrome B protein reciprocally communicates with mitochondrial proteins and promotes transcriptional elongation (2012)

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare human disorder characterized by pathologies of premature aging, neurological abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss and cachectic dwarfism. With recent data identifying CS proteins as physical components of mitochondria, we sought to identify protein partners and roles for Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein in this organelle. CSB was found to physically interact with and modulate the DNA-binding activity of the major mitochondrial nucleoid, DNA replication and transcription protein TFAM. Components of the mitochondrial transcription apparatus (mitochondrial RNA polymerase, transcription factor 2B and TFAM) all functionally interacted with CSB and stimulated its double-stranded DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity. Moreover, we found that patient-derived CSB-deficient cells exhibited a defect in efficient mitochondrial transcript production and that CSB specifically promoted elongation by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase in vitro. These observations provide strong evidence for the importance of CSB in maintaining mitochondrial function and argue that the pathologies associated with CS are in part, a direct result of the roles that CSB plays in mitochondria.
Polymerization of styrene to isotactic polymer with MAO‐Ni(acac)<sub>2</sub>. Examination of the factors that influence activity and stereospecificity (1997)

Abstract The soluble catalyst system methylaluminoxane (MAO)‐Ni(acac), (acac: acetylacetonate) gives polystyrene consisting of an amorphous (aPS) and a crystalline isotactic (ips) fraction. Al(CH 3 ) 3 , which is always present in commercial samples of MAO, decreases both polymer yield and stereospecificity. The polymer yield increases with increasing the MAO/Ni ratio but, at the same time, the iPS/aPS ratio decreases. Addition of N(C 2 H 5 ) 3 (mole ratio N/Ni = 1) increases the proportion of the isotactic fraction, while it decreases the polymer yield. A tentative interpretation of the stereospecificity is reported.