gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dialysis Membranes Today (2002)

In recent years, hemodialytic therapies have evolved from the simple, diffusion-dependent removal of small molecular weight substances from blood to advanced therapy modalities involving the convective removal of larger uremic sloutes. The clinical benefits of removal of substances such as beta2-microglobulin (beta2-m) have been reported by several authors: elimination of large-molecular weight "uremic toxins" is now widely accepted as being beneficial to the overall quality of life of patients. This trend would not have been possible without parallel technical developments, especially that of new membranes having more open pore structures resulting in higher sieving coefficients and increased hydraulic permeability. Not all polymer types are suitable for the manufacture of high-flux membranes required for convective therapies in which large fluid volumes are exchanged. Amongst the more important criteria are: the selected polymer must be able to undergo steam sterilisation, have high endotoxin retention capabilities, be versatile for the fabrication of a range of hydraulic permeabilities and, of course, have high blood compatibility. The aim of this paper is, firstly, to review the major membrane development phases over the last quarter of a century. Secondly, the suitability of current membrane materials to meet the aforementioned requirements will be examined. Thirdly, in view of the recent, rapid proliferation of polysulfone-based membranes, dialysis membranes of the polysulfone 'family' are placed under scrutiny; membranes of this class represent a significant portion of the product portfolio of dialyser manufacturers today, yet, few end-users are able to distinguish between the salient features of the respective products because of a combination of confusing membrane nomenclature, classification, tradenames and product claims.
A Force-Isotropic Underactuated Finger (2006)

This paper presents the design of a new underactuated finger. The main characteristic of this two-degree-of-freedom / one-actuator finger is to be force-isotropic. This means that the intensity of the forces exerted at the center of each phalanx, on the grasped object, are identical. Until now, this characteristic was observed on some underactuated fingers for some very specific configurations only (mainly when the phalanxes were lined up). With the proposed finger, this characteristic remains true whatever the configuration of the phalanxes is.
Planar slot antenna with circular and vertical polarization diversity (2017)

Abstract This article proposes an easily manufacturable multifunction two‐port planar slot antenna, radiating omnidirectional linearly polarized and broadside circularly polarized radiation patterns through a common slot in an overlapping frequency bandwidth at 5.9 GHz of 2.56%, with inter‐port coupling below −45 dB.
Polarization studies in multiphoton absorption spectroscopy (1981)

Using the principles of quantum electrodynamics, the theory of two-, three-, and four-photon absorption in polyatomic gases and liquids is developed. Expressions are derived for the rates of single-frequency absorption from plane polarized, circularly polarized, and unpolarized light. It is shown that for n-photon absorption with n?3, the rate for unpolarized radiation is in each case expressible as a linear combination of the rates for plane polarized and circularly polarized light; no such relationship exists for four-photon absorption. For each multiphoton process, it is demonstrated how the fullest information about the symmetry properties of excited states can be derived by a simple linear processing of the results from experiments with different polarizations. A detailed examination of the selection rules is made, based on a reduction of the molecular transition tensor into irreducible components, and a new classification scheme is introduced to assist with the interpretation of experimental results. Finally, it is shown that the theory may also be applied to resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy.
The glass transition in novolac phenolic molding compounds and the kinetics of its development during cure and postcure. II (1987)

Abstract The change in onset temperature of the glass transition in a novolac phenolic molding compound was related to the time and temperature of cure. A mathematical model consisting of a single function of time and temperature fit glass transition onset temperature ranging from 87 to 242°C. These glass transition temperatures had developed during molding at temperatures from 132 to 218°C at times of 10–1800 s. The same model predicted the glass transition and onset temperature of samples postcured to a glass transition temperature of 287°C. The mathematical model resulted from a kinetic rate law treatment. This treatment, however, did not include a secondary reaction which causes a small exotherm above 210°C in DSC testing. The resulting rate law still appears to provide a useful approximation of the development of the T g and the cure rate in novolac phenolic molding compounds over practical molding and postcure conditions.
Giant Spin Splitting through Surface Alloying (2007)

The long-range ordered surface alloy Bi/Ag(111) is found to exhibit a giant spin splitting of its surface electronic structure due to spin-orbit coupling, as is determined by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. First-principles electronic structure calculations fully confirm the experimental findings. The effect is brought about by a strong in-plane gradient of the crystal potential in the surface layer, in interplay with the structural asymmetry due to the surface-potential barrier. As a result, the spin polarization of the surface states is considerably rotated out of the surface plane.
Alternative Mechanism by which IFN-γ Enhances Tumor Recognition: Active Release of Heat Shock Protein 72 (2005)

IFN-gamma exhibits differential effects depending on the target and can induce cellular activation and enhance survival or mediate cell death via activation of apoptotic pathways. In this study, we demonstrate an alternative mechanism by which IFN-gamma enhances tumor recognition, mediated by the active release of Hsp72. We demonstrate that stimulation of 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cells and K562 erythroleukemic cells with IFN-gamma triggers the cellular stress response, which results in the enhanced expression of total Hsp72 expression without a significant increase in cell death. Intracellular expression of Hsp72 was abrogated in cells stably transfected with a mutant hsf-1 gene. IFN-gamma-induced Hsp72 expression correlated with enhanced surface expression and consequent release of Hsp72 into the culture medium. Pretreatment of tumors with compounds known to the block the classical protein transport pathway, including monensin, brefeldin A, tunicamycin, and thapsigargin, did not significantly block Hsp72 release. However, pretreatment with intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM or disruption of lipid rafts using methyl beta-cyclodextrin completely abrogated IFN-gamma-induced Hsp72 release. Biochemical characterization revealed that Hsp72 is released within exosomes and has the ability to up-regulate CD83 expression and stimulate IL-12 release by naive dendritic cells. Pretreatment with neutralizing mAb or depletion of Hsp72 completely abrogated its chaperokine function. Taken together, these findings are indicative of an additional previously unknown mechanism by which IFN-gamma promotes tumor surveillance and furthers our understanding of the central role of extracellular Hsp72 as an endogenous adjuvant and danger signal.
Microencapsulation of UV-Curable Self-healing Agent for Smart Anticorrosive Coating (2014)

UV-curable polyurethane prepolymer and photoinitiator 1173 were facilely encapsulated in a poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell, which was in situ formed by the polymerization of formaldehyde and urea in an oil-in-water emulsion. The diameters of the microcapsules ranged from 118 µm to 663 µm depending on agitation speed, and were obtained via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The encapsulation percent and the yield of microcapsules prepared at the agitation speed of 600 r/min can reach 97.52wt% and 65.23wt%, respectively. When the water-borne polyurethane (WPU) coating embedded with the prepared microcapsules were scratched, the healing agent could be released from ruptured microcapsules and filled the scribed region. The excellent anticorrosion properties of the WPU coating embedded with the prepared microcapsules were confirmed by the results obtained from both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel curves.
The Preparation of 1,2-Propylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and its Resolution through the Cobalt(III) Complex (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of 1,2-Propylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and its Resolution through the Cobalt(III) ComplexFrancis P. Dwyer and Francis L. GarvanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 12, 2955–2957Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01521a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (444 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Chemical Approach for Cell-Specific Targeting of Nanomaterials: Small-Molecule-Initiated Misfolding of Nanoparticle Corona Proteins (2012)

A major challenge in nanomaterial science is to develop approaches that ensure that when administered in vivo, nanoparticles can be targeted to their requisite site of action. Herein we report the first approach that allows for cell-specific uptake of nanomaterials by a process involving reprogramming of the behavior of the ubiquitous protein corona of nanomaterials. Specifically, judicious surface modification of quantum dots with a small molecule that induces a protein-misfolding event in a component of the nanoparticle-associated protein corona renders the associated nanomaterials susceptible to cell-specific, receptor-mediated endocytosis. We see this chemical approach as a new and general method for exploiting the inescapable protein corona to target nanomaterials to specific cells.
[The treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with vaccina oncolysates (author's transl)]. (1979)

Ten patients with recurrent stage II or III malignant melanoma received a live vaccinia virus augmented malignant melanoma cell vaccine. No patient had adverse reactions. The 3 patients surviving (10, 18 and 19 months) had: positive skin reactions to the vaccine (as they had previous positive skin reactions to common recall antigens), elevated vaccinia antibody titers, and they showed lack of progression of the disease with immunotherapy.
A Multiple Priority Queueing Genetic Algorithm for Task Scheduling on Heterogeneous Computing Systems (2012)

On the distributed or parallel heterogeneous computing systems, an application is usually decomposed into several independent and/or interdependent sets of cooperating subtasks and assigned to a set of available processors for execution. Heuristic-based task scheduling algorithms consist of the two typical phases of task prioritization and processor selection. However, heuristic-based task scheduling algorithms produce a different makespan (completion time /schedule length) using the different task prioritization on a distributed or parallel heterogeneous computing systems. Therefore, the role of a good scheduling algorithm is to efficiently assign each subtask to a priority depending on the resources needed to minimize makespan. In this paper, a multiple priority queueing genetic algorithm (MPQGA) for task scheduling on heterogeneous computing systems is proposed. The basic idea of our approach is to exploit the advantages of both evolutionary and heuristic based algorithms while avoiding their drawbacks. Our algorithm incorporates a genetic algorithm (GA) approach to assign priority for each subtask while using a heuristic based heterogeneous earliest finish time (HEFT) approach to search for a solution for mapping subtasks to processors. The software simulation results, over a large set of randomly generated graphs as well as graphs for real-world problems with various characteristics, show that the makespan is increased when the number of nodes or communication to computation ratios (CCR) increased and decreased with the increasing parallelism or number of available processors. The proposed MPQGA algorithm significantly outperforms several related algorithms in terms of the schedule quality. The average makespan reduction is about 5.3 %.
L‐6: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Achromatic Diffraction Using Reactive Mesogen Polarization Gratings (2007)

Abstract We propose and experimentally demonstrate an achromatic polarization grating, with ∼100% diffraction efficiency over nearly the entire visible spectral range. This five‐fold enhancement (∼34.3% versus ∼6.8%) is produced by two chiral liquid crystal layers with modest twist angle and opposite twist sense. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations support the experimental phenomena.
Pfeiffer syndrome caused by haploinsufficient mutation of FGFR2. (2000)

Mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) cause several dominantly inherited congenital skeletal disorders and syndromes. Recently, these mutations have been suggested to cause either ligand-independent activation of the receptor or a dominant negative inactivation. The analysis of two Japanese patients with Pfeiffer syndrome and postaxial polydactyly of the hand now shows that both carried the same 1119-2A-to-G transition of the FGFR2 gene and this nonsense mutation caused skipping of exon 9(B) and haploinsufficiency of FGFR2.
Acoustic detection of buried objects in 3-D fluid saturated porous media: numerical modeling (2001)

Acoustic waves can be a viable tool for the detection and identification of land mines, unexplored ordnance (UXO), and other buried objects. Design of acoustic instruments and interpretation and processing of acoustic measurements call for accurate numerical models to simulate acoustic wave propagation in a heterogeneous soil with buried objects. Compared with the traditional seismic exploration, high attenuation is unfortunately ubiquitous for shallow surface acoustic measurements because of the loose soil and the fluid in its pore space. To adequately model such acoustic attenuation, we propose a comprehensive multidimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model to simulate the acoustic wave interactions with land mines and soils based on the Biot theory for poroelastic media. For the truncation of the computational domain, we use the perfectly matched layer (PML). The method is validated by comparison with analytical solutions. Unlike the pure elastic wave model, this efficient PML-FDTD model for poroelastic media incorporates the interactions of waves and the fluid-saturated pore space. Several typical land mine detection measurements are simulated to illustrate the application.
Immunoblot analysis of horseradish peroxidase conjugates of wheat germ agglutinin before and after retrograde transport in the rat peripheral nervous system (1985)

Immunoblot studies were performed on tissue extracts of rats injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) using anti-HRP and anti-WGA antisera. Immunoblots of uninjected, purified conjugates (WGA-HRP) demonstrated a 62-kilodalton (kd) conjugate (monomeric WGA conjugated to HRP). Other prominent immunobands included HRP (40 kd), monomeric WGA (22 kd), and 15- to 30-kd HRP breakdown products. Following injections of WGA-HRP into the submandibular gland of rats which survived 16 hr to 8 days, immunoblots were performed on homogenates of injected submandibular glands and of superior cervical ganglia containing neurons retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP. The anti-HRP antiserum detected unconjugated, 40-kd HRP and a 62-kd immunoband corresponding to WGA-HRP in the superior cervical ganglia and submandibular glands. No immunobands were detected with the antiserum to WGA in superior cervical ganglia homogenates. Blots of submandibular gland homogenates harvested 24 hr after a WGA-HRP injection, but not at later time points, contained an immunoband reactive with the anti-WGA antiserum; it corresponded to monomeric WGA. These studies analyze for the first time the molecular composition of WGA-HRP conjugates before and after retrograde transport; they provide a novel approach for probing the intraneuronal transport and degradation of proteins. We conclude that morphologically defined endocytic pathways using protein markers reflect the endocytosis and transport of immunochemically altered and unaltered forms of the markers.
Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging and Tractography: Exploring Brain Microstructure and Connectivity (2007)

Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is evolving into a potent tool in the examination of the central nervous system. Although it is often used for the detection of acute ischemia, evaluation of directionality in a diffusion measurement can be useful in white matter, which demonstrates strong diffusion anisotropy. Techniques such as diffusion-tensor imaging offer a glimpse into brain microstructure at a scale that is not easily accessible with other modalities, in some cases improving the detection and characterization of white matter abnormalities. Diffusion MR tractography offers an overall view of brain anatomy, including the degree of connectivity between different regions of the brain. However, optimal utilization of the wide range of data provided with directional diffusion MR measurements requires careful attention to acquisition and postprocessing. This article will review the principles of diffusion contrast and anisotropy, as well as clinical applications in psychiatric, developmental, neurodegenerative, neoplastic, demyelinating, and other types of disease.
The Role of IRE1α in the Degradation of Insulin mRNA in Pancreatic β-Cells (2008)

These results reveal a role of IRE1alpha in insulin mRNA expression under ER stress conditions caused by chronic high glucose. The rapid degradation of insulin mRNA could provide immediate relief for the ER and free up the translocation machinery. Thus, this mechanism would preserve ER homeostasis and help ensure that the insulin already inside the ER can be properly folded and secreted. This adaptation may be crucial for the maintenance of beta-cell homeostasis and may explain why the beta-cells of type 2 diabetic patients with chronic hyperglycemia stop producing insulin in the absence of apoptosis. This mechanism may also be involved in suppression of the autoimmune type 1 diabetes by reducing the amount of misfolded insulin, which could be a source of "neo-autoantigens."
The plasminogen activator and inhibitor system in bone remodelling. (1993)

The neutral protease, plasmin, is generated by plasminogen activators, and is ascribed an important role in several physiological and pathological circumstances characterized by tissue remodelling and cell motility. The two types of plasminogen activator, tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA), are produced by osteoblasts, as is the specific PA inhibitor, PAI-1. Some hormones which activate bone resorption increase PA activity produced by osteoblasts, by decreasing the production of PAI-1. The increased PA activity has been suggested to facilitate bone resorption by activating latent collagenase, thus preparing the bone surface for osteoclastic resorption. Targeted and regulated production of plasmin might also contribute to the coupling of bone formation to resorption, by activating latent TGF beta in bone, and activating IGF-1 by freeing it from association with inhibitory binding protein. TGF beta itself is a powerful inhibitor of PA activity, an effect achieved by enhancing mRNA and protein for PAI-1. Thus the PA system is a potentially important regulatory system in bone remodelling, whose local activity is controlled through concerted actions of hormones and locally generated growth factors and cytokines.
Integrin-mediated platelet adhesion (1998)

Adhesion of platelets to the damaged subendothelium is a prerequisite reaction for the initiation of hemostasis in vivo. Platelet membranes contain high concentrations of integrins and other glycoproteins (GPs) that are involved in the platelet adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In the present review, we focus on two platelet integrins, integrin alphaIIb beta3 (GPIIb/IIIa) and integrin alpha2 beta1 (GPIa/IIa) because these integrins are major components of the platelet membrane proteins and are known to contribute to platelet adhesion to fibrin(ogen) and collagen surfaces, respectively. These integrins bind soluble ligands (fibrinogen or collagen) after platelets are activated but only have low affinity towards these ligands when platelets are in the resting state. We describe the binding properties of these integrins and discuss the mechanism for the activation of these integrins. Platelets can adhere to fibrin(ogen) or collagen immobilized on a surface. When platelets adhere to a collagen- or fibrin-coated surface, they become activated and form aggregates; this is especially prominent under flow conditions. We discuss the contribution of these integrins and non-integrin proteins, GPIb and GPVI, to the platelet adhesion on to the collagen surface, especially under flow conditions, a system that most closely approximates platelet adhesion in vivo.
Intracoronary versus Intravenous Adenosine-Induced Maximal Coronary Hyperemia for Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements (2014)

Background Maximal hyperemia is the critical prerequisite for fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment. Despite intravenous (IV) adenosine currently being the recommended approach, intracoronary (IC) administration of adenosine constitutes a valuable alternative in everyday practice. However, it is surprisingly unclear which IC strategy allows the achievement of FFR values that are comparable to IV adenosine. Objectives This study sought to compare increasing doses of IC adenosine versus IV adenosine for FFR. Methods 30 intermediate coronary stenoses undergoing FFR measurement were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Hyperemia was sequentially induced by bolus of IC adenosine (ADN; 150 μg) followed by IV adenosine (IVADN) infusion over 3 minutes at dose of (140 μg/kg/min). FFR values, symptoms, and development of atrioventricular block were recorded. Results 150 μg doses of IC adenosine were well tolerated and associated with fewer symptoms than IV adenosine. Intracoronary adenosine doses induced a significant decrease of FFR compared with baseline levels ( P < 0.01). Among the 6 patients with FFR values less than 0.80 identified by IVADN, 4 were correctly identified also by 150 μg bolus IC adenosine. Larger randomized studies with cross-over design are necessary to verify the results. Conclusions This small pilot study suggests that IC adenosine might be an alternative to IV adenosine. Larger randomized studies with a cross-over design are necessary.