gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S<sub>1</sub>′ and S<sub>2</sub>′ subsite specificities of human plasma kallikrein and tissue kallikrein 1 for the hydrolysis of peptides derived from the bradykinin domain of human kininogen (2008)

The S(1)' and S(2)' subsite specificities of human tissue kallikrein 1 (KLK1) and human plasma kallikrein (HPK) were examined with the peptide series Abz-GFSPFRXSRIQ-EDDnp and Abz-GFSPFRSXRIQ-EDDnp [X=natural amino acids or S(PO(3)H(2))]. KLK1 efficiently hydrolyzed most of the peptides except those containing negatively charged amino acids at P(1)' and P(2)' positions. Abz-GFSPFRSSRIQ-EDDnp, as in human kininogen, is the best substrate for KLK1 and exclusively cleaved the R-S bond. All other peptides were cleaved also at the F-R bond. The synthetic human kininogen segment Abz-MISLMKRPPGFSPFRS(390)S(391)RI-NH(2) was hydrolyzed by KLK1 first at R-S and then at M-K bonds, releasing Lys-bradykinin. In the S(390) and S(391) phosphorylated analogs, this order of hydrolysis was inverted due to the higher resistance of the R-S bond. Abz-MISLMKRPPG-FSPFRSS(PO(3)H(2))(391)RI-NH(2) was hydrolyzed by KLK1 at M-K and mainly at the F-R bond, releasing des-(Arg(9))-Lys-Bk which is a B1 receptor agonist. HPK cleaved all the peptides at R and showed restricted specificity for S in the S(1)' subsite, with lower specificity for the S(2)' subsite. Abz-MISLMKRPPGFSPFRSSRI-NH(2) was efficiently hydrolyzed by HPK under bradykinin release, while the analogs containing S(PO(3)H(2)) were poorly hydrolyzed. In conclusion, S(1)' and S(2)' subsite specificities of KLK1 and HPK showed peculiarities that were observed with substrates containing the amino acid sequence of human kininogen.
Electrochemical Capture and Release of Carbon Dioxide (2017)

Understanding the chemistry of carbon dioxide is key to affecting changes in atmospheric concentrations. One area of intense interest is CO<sub>2</sub> capture in chemically reversible cycles relevant to carbon capture technologies. Most CO<sub>2</sub> capture methods involve thermal cycles in which a nucleophilic agent captures CO<sub>2</sub> from impure gas streams (e.g., flue gas), followed by a thermal process in which pure CO<sub>2</sub> is released. Several reviews have detailed progress in these approaches. A less explored strategy uses electrochemical cycles to capture CO<sub>2</sub> and release it in pure form. These cycles typically rely on electrochemical generation of nucleophiles that attack CO<sub>2</sub> at the electrophilic carbon atom, forming a CO<sub>2</sub> adduct. Then, CO<sub>2</sub> is released in pure form via a subsequent electrochemical step. In this Perspective, we describe electrochemical cycles for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and release, emphasizing electrogenerated nucleophiles. As a result, we also discuss some advantages and disadvantages inherent in this general approach.
Stress degradation of Lisinopril as per ICH Guidelines & Characterisation (2014)

Lisinopril an antihypertensive drug was subjected to stress degradation, since the drug is photosensitive undergo hydrolysis and oxidized in presence of oxygen. Hence the objective of the study was to stress degrade Lisinopril & to find out the pathway for stress degradation of Lisinopril. Stress testing methods are screening methods to be used to understand the degradation chemistry of a drug. Lisinopril was subjected to stress degradation under different conditions recommended by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The chromatographic separation of Lisinopril & its degradation products was done on C18 column & mobile phase was mixture of Methanol & Water in ratio 80:20, pH 3.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1ml/min using UV detector with ?max 220nm. The quantification & characterizations of degraded products were carried out by UV, IR spectroscopy & HPLC. The mechanism of degradation was confirmed by GC-MS fragmentation pattern.
Some analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone with substituents in position 10 (1981)

As part of our studies on the design of agonists of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), we have synthesized the [des-Gly-NH2(10)]-LH-RH N-methylhydrazide (1), the corresponding thiosemicarbazide (2), and the N-formyl- (3) N-acetyl- (4) and N-(trifluoroacetyl)hydrazide (5). Analogue 1 may be regarded as isosteric with [des-Gly-NH2(10)]-LH-RH N-alkylamides which are, in general, potent agonists. Analogues 2-5 may be regarded as isosteric with [aza-Gly-NH2(10)]-OH-RH, which is equipotent with the hormone. The required protected intermediates were prepared by solid-phase synthesis, and the free peptides were prepared from them by deprotection with HF, followed by purification on Sephadex G-25. Bioassay of these analogues with rat hemipituitaries in vitro showed the following values as percentages of the hormonal values for the release of LH and FSH respectively: N-methylhydrazide (1), 17 and 11%; semithiocarbazide (2), 6.5 and 4.6%; N-formylhydrazide (3), 15.3 and 10%; N-acetylhydrazide (4), 1.2 and 0.6%; N-(trifluoroacetyl)hydrazide (5), 1.0 and 0.9%. Thus, these types of isosteric substitutions are inimical to the preservation of the high biological activity of LH-RH.
Concurrent search structure algorithms (1988)

A dictionary is an abstract data type supporting the actions member, insert, and delete. A search structure is a data structure used to implement a dictionary. Examples include B trees, hash structures, and unordered lists. Concurrent algorithms on search structures can achieve more parallelism than standard concurrency control methods would suggest, by exploiting the fact that many different search structure states represent one dictionary state. We present a framework for verifying such algorithms and for inventing new ones. We give several examples, one of which exploits the structure of Banyan family interconnection networks. We also discuss the interaction between concurrency control and recovery as applied to search structures.
Polarisation insensitive deep-ridge vertical-grooveDFB waveguide for all-optical switching (2001)

A deep-ridge vertical-groove distributed feedback (DFB) waveguide has been fabricated. Structural birefringence of the fabricated device was completely eliminated by controlling waveguide width. Additionally, polarisation independence of the grating coupling coefficient was accomplished by adjusting grating depth.
Interleukin 9 promotes influx and local maturation of eosinophils (2001)

The interleukin 9 (IL-9) pathway has recently been associated with the asthmatic phenotype including an eosinophilic tissue inflammation. The mechanism by which IL-9 affects eosinophils (eos) is not known. To investigate whether this cytokine has a direct activity on the development of eos and eosinophilic inflammation, a model of thioglycolate-induced peritoneal inflammation was used in IL-9 transgenic (TG5) and background strain (FVB) mice. In this model, a transient eosinophilic infiltration in the peritoneal cavity was observed in FVB mice 12 to 24 hours after thioglycolate injection that coincided with peak IL-5 and IL-9 release. In contrast, TG5 mice developed a massive eosinophilia that persisted at high levels (81% of total cells) even 72 hours after thioglycolate injection. Release of eosinophilic major basic protein (MBP), IL-4, and IL-5 to the peritoneal cavity of these mice was significantly increased when compared with the control FVB strain. To study the mechanism by which IL-9 exerts its effect on eos, bone marrow or peritoneal cells were cultured in the presence of IL-5, IL-9, or their combination in vitro. IL-5 alone was able to generate significant numbers of eos in TG5 but not FVB mice, whereas a combination of IL-5 and IL-9 induced marked eosinophilia in both strains indicating a synergism between these 2 cytokines. These data suggest that IL-9 may promote and sustain eosinophilic inflammation via IL-5-driven eos maturation of precursors.
Catalytic, Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐<i>anti</i>‐Diols by Asymmetric Ring‐Opening/Cross‐Metathesis (2014)

An enantioselective method for the synthesis of 1,2-anti-diols has been developed. A cyclometalated chiral-at-ruthenium complex catalyzes the asymmetric ring-opening/cross-metathesis of dioxygenated cyclobutenes, thus resulting in functionally rich synthetic building blocks. Syntheses of the insect pheromone (+)-endo-brevicomin and monosaccharide ribose demonstrate the synthetic utility of the 1,2-anti-diol fragments generated in the title reaction.
Vitiligo Antibodies Are Not Directed to Tyrosinase (1999)

These results indicate that while antibodies to an antigen(s) that comigrates with tyrosinase are common in patients with or without vitiligo, vitiligo antibodies are not directed to tyrosinase.
Contact irritant dermatitis and anti-pruritic agents: the need to address the itch. (2003)

Contact irritant dermatitis can be defined by four interrelated elements: skin barrier disruption, epidermal skin changes, cytokine release, and nerve ending changes. The predominant symptom of eczema relates to the fourth constituent, which produces pruritic symptoms that are often neglected when using pre-formulated topical steroids and immunomodulators. Although the induction of pruritus with proteinases and cytokines demonstrates the close connections between immune and neurotrophic factors in the pathophysiology of pruritus, agents that specifically affect the cutaneous nerve endings are often beneficial for use in patients affected by dermatitis. Besides avoiding triggering factors, agents such as pramoxine, phenol, camphor, and menthol are extremely valuable in allaying patients' symptoms of pruritus. Indeed, therapeutic remedies, which incorporate anti-pruritic agents in their formulation, may be advantageous for the bulk of patients with contact irritant dermatitis.
Fabrication of CIGS Absorber Layers Using a Two-Step Process for Thin Film Solar Cell Applications (2004)

Copper Indium Gallium DiSelenide absorber layers are fabricated using a two step manufacturing-friendly process. The first step involves the sequential deposition of Copper and Gallium and codeposition of Indium and Selenium, not necessarily in that order, at 275o C. This is followed by the second stage, where the substrate is annealed in the presence of Selenium and a thin layer of Copper is deposited to neutralize the excess Indium and Gallium on the surface to form the Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide absorber layer. Elimination of the need for high degree of control and elimination of toxic gases like hydrogen selenide aid in the easy scalability of this process to industry.\nThe performance of CuInGaSe2/CdS/ZnO solar cells thus fabricated was characterized using techniques such as I-V, C-V, Spectral Response and EDS/SEM. Cells with open circuit voltages of 450-475 mV, short circuit current densities of 30-40 mA/cm², fill factors of 60-68% and efficiencies of 8-12% were routinely fabricated. Gallium in small amounts seems to improve the open circuit voltages by 50-100 mV without significantly affecting the short circuit currents and the band gap in Type I precursors. Gallium also improves the adhesion of the CIS layer to the molybdenum back contact.\nEfforts are also being aimed at improving the short circuit current densities in our high bandgap devices. It is believed that improperly bonded Ga is hurting the electronic properties of the CIGS films. A part of this work involves the reduction of the detrimental effect of Ga on the Jsc's by modifying the base process, so as to improve the homogeneity of the film. The modifications include lowering the Ga level as well as fine-tuning the annealing step. Ar annealing of the samples has also been incorporated. The short circuit current densities have been improved significantly by the above mentioned modifications. At present, the best Jsc's are in the 33-35 mA/cm² range. The Voc's have also been improved by splitting the Ga into two layers and replacing the top Cu layer by a Ga layer. Light soaking studies of the absorber have also been carried out.\nThe baseline Type I process has also been adapted to a new load-locked in-line evaporator system. Device performance dependence on Ga and In thickness as well as the top selenization temperature has been determined in this research. The effect of moisture on the quality of the films has been studied. Bandgap variations due to the presence/absence of Se during the Cu deposition has been investigated. The impact of substrate cleaning/Moly deposition conditions on the device performance has been explored. Insitu Ar annealing studies of CIGS absorbers have been carried out. Alternate buffer layers have been pursued. Devices with Voc's as high as 480 mV, Jsc's as high as 40.7 mA/cm² and fill factors of 66% have been fabricated.
Sequence analysis and functional characterization of the violacein biosynthetic pathway from Chromobacterium violaceum. (2000)

Violacein is a purple-colored, broad-spectrum antibacterial pigment that has a dimeric structure composed of 5-hydroxyindole, oxindole and 2-pyyrolidone subunits formed by the condensation of two modified tryptophan molecules. The violacein biosynthetic gene cluster from Chromobacterium violaceum was characterized by DNA sequencing, transposon mutagenesis, and chemical analysis of the pathway intermediates produced heterologously in Escherichia. coli. The violacein biosynthetic gene cluster spans eight kilobases and is comprised of the four genes, vioABCD, that are necessary for violacein production. Sequence analysis suggests that the products of vioA, vioC and vioD are nucleotide-dependent monooxygenases. Disruption of vioA or vioB completely abrogates the biosynthesis of violacein intermediates, while disruption of the vioC or vioD genes results in the production of violacein precursors.
Interfacial Reaction‐Directed Synthesis of Ce–Mn Binary Oxide Nanotubes and Their Applications in CO Oxidation and Water Treatment (2012)

Abstract Interfacial oxidation–reduction reaction is herein developed to prepare hollow binary oxide nanostructures. Ce–Mn nanotubes are fabricated by treating Ce(OH)CO 3 templates with KMnO 4 aqueous solution, where MnO 4 − is reduced to manganese oxide and the Ce 3+ in Ce(OH)CO 3 is simultaneously oxidized to form cerium oxide, followed by selective wash with HNO 3 . The resulting Ce–Mn binary oxide nanotubes exhibit high catalytic activity towards CO oxidation and show significant adsorption capacity of Congo red. Moreover, guided by the same interfacial‐reaction principle, binary oxide hollow nanostructures with different shapes and compositions are synthesized. Specifically, hollow Ce–Mn binary oxide cubes, and Co‐Mn and Ce‐Fe binary oxide hollow nanostructures are achieved by changing the shape of the Ce(OH)CO 3 templates from rods to cubes, by changing the tempates from Ce(OH)CO 3 nanorods to Co(CO 3 ) 0.35 Cl 0.20 (OH) 1.10 nanowires, and by replacing the oxidant of KMnO 4 with another strong one, K 2 FeO 4 , respectively. This work is expected to open a new, simple avenue for the general synthesis of hollow binary oxide nanostructures.
Preparation of aldehydocelluloses from completely allylated methylcellulose, allylated ethylcellulose, and tri‐<i>O</i>‐allylcellulose by ozonization (1988)

Abstract In order to prepare aldehydocelluloses which are more stable than periodate‐oxidized cellulose, completely allylated methylcellulose, allylated ethylcellulose, and tri‐ O ‐allylcellulose were subjected to ozonization followed by reduction with dimethylsulfide. The aldehydocelluloses thus prepared without any degradation showed the presence of many free aldehyde groups by IR and 13 C‐NMR spectrometries, as well as the presence of hydroxyl groups which were produced by deallylation. The degree of substitution (DS) by aldehyde group was 0.6 for the products from both completely allylated methylcellulose and tri‐ O ‐allylcellulose, and 0.02 for that from allylated ethylcellulose.
The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health (2015)

“Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from Ap
Introduction to Evolutionary Operation (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntroduction to Evolutionary OperationE. Harvey BarnettCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 6, 500–503Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50606a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50606a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fabrication Methods and Performance of Low-Permeability Microfluidic Components for a Miniaturized Wearable Drug Delivery System (2009)

In this paper, we describe low-permeability components of a microfluidic drug delivery system fabricated with versatile micromilling and lamination techniques. The fabrication process uses laminate sheets which are machined using XY milling tables commonly used in the printed-circuit industry. This adaptable platform for polymer microfluidics readily accommodates integration with silicon-based sensors, printed-circuit, and surface-mount technologies. We have used these methods to build components used in a wearable liquid-drug delivery system for in vivo studies. The design, fabrication, and performance of membrane-based fluidic capacitors and manual screw valves provide detailed examples of the capability and limitations of the fabrication method. We demonstrate fluidic capacitances ranging from 0.015 to 0.15 μL/kPa, screw valves with on/off flow ratios greater than 38 000, and a 45× reduction in the aqueous fluid loss rate to the ambient due to permeation through a silicone diaphragm layer.
The Gradient Magneto-Telluric Method at the Sea Floor (1981)

The magneto-telluric method is a technique used to estimate earth resistivity profiles and can theoretically be implemented either by measuring electric and magnetic field components or by measuring magnetic gradients and magnetic field components. The gradient method, although theoretically possible, is impractical at the atmosphere-earth interface because the magnetic gradients associated with the naturally occurring ULF magnetic field fluctuations are very weak (on the order of 10-10 pT/m). In this paper, the gradient method is analyzed at the sea-seafloor interface and is shown it is practical because the vertical gradients are much stronger (on the order of 10 pT/m) so they can be detected with sensitive magnetic gradiometers such as superconducting gradiometers. If successfully developed, this technique will provide a practical approach to the determination of seafloor resistivity with compact, i.e., local field sensing, instrument packages.
The kinetics of iron uptake in vitro by human duodenal mucosa: studies in normal subjects. (1979)

1. A method for determining initial rates of unidirectional radio-Fe uptake from a ferric chelate of nitrilotriacetic acid by human duodenal biopsy specimens in vitro has been devised. [57Co]cyanocobalamin was used as an extracellular fluid marker, and was shown to give results in close agreement with other markers. 2. Uptake was linear for up to 20 min and exhibited saturation kinetics over the concentration range 18--450 mumole/1. 3. In the presence of 2:4 dinitrophenol and fluoride, uptake was reduced by approxi-50%, indicating dependence on metabolic energy. 4. Uptake of Fe was markedly diminished at reduced incubation temperatures, demonstrating a high activation energy for the uptake process. 5. Many of the criteria for the demonstration that the initial uptake of Fe depends on an active transport mechanism have been fulfilled. 6. The apparent distribution volume of 14C-labelled nitrilotriacetate chelate did not exceed the extracellular fluid space, suggesting that Fe is transferred to specific receptors on the enterocyte. The findings are discussed in relation to the possibility that uptake may be a rate-controlling step for the regulation of net intestinal absorption of Fe in man.
In-line X-ray fluorescence analysis of special nuclear materials in dissolver solution: Materials development, laboratory simulation and parameterization (1985)

An automated x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis apparatus and sampling system have been used for a proof-of-principle test of on-line x-ray fluorescence assay of special nuclear materials (SNM) in dissolver solutions. A ''total sampling'' technique gives total mass assays with no need for solution density or tank volume measurements. Error propagation equations control the accumulation of high-precision data, and are also used for calculating parameters of x-ray fluorescence analysis equipment that will meet specified requirements. Short dwell times at each spectrometer setting significantly compensate for long-term instrumental drift. Sample cells that have survived prolonged exposure to dissolver solution are described.
Titanium for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Systems: Testing and Evaluation (1986)

Titanium is now beginning to be seriously considered as a material of construction for power plant flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber systems. Corrosion problems have limited the effectiveness of even super-stainless and high nickel alloys, widely used in the last few years for FGD scrubber construction, while initial testing of titanium has shown it to be highly resistant to corrosion in the acidic chloride conditions of FGD systems. This paper reviews the results of in-situ testing of titanium stainless, and nickel alloys in FGD scrubber systems, providing a basis for comparing relative alloy performance. The results are correlated with the findings of other in-situ tests as well as laboratory tests simulating the FGD scrubber environment.
Elastic Anisotropy of Source Rocks: Implications for Hydrocarbon Generation and Primary Migration (1996)

We combined acoustic velocities and anisotropy measurements with x-ray diffraction mineralogy, Rock-Eval organic geochemical analyses, vitrinite reflectance, and scanning electron microscope observations on 69 cores of hydrocarbon source rocks collected from eight sedimentary basins. The velocity data indicate the lamellar distribution of solid organic matter (kerogen) in compacted black shales and show a strong correlation between their elastic anisotropy and organic richness. The experimental results are consistent with the two-component anisotropic model of black shales with a continuous kerogen network in both bedding-parallel and bedding-normal directions beginning from relatively low TOC values. The strong elastic anisotropy of tight, thermally mature source rocks i further enhanced by overpressure-induced bedding-subparallel microcrack development during the main stage of hydrocarbon (HC) generation and primary migration at R0 greater than 0.75%. In agreement with published petrographic observations, these microcracks significantly aid primary HC migration, particularly horizontally. Elastic anisotropy of medium- to high-porosity illite/smectite shales is weaker than in lower porosity, predominantly illite shales; however, the overall positive trend of elastic anisotropy with kerogen content remains unchanged.