gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Code and data outlining (2005)

In this dissertation we investigate compiler techniques to address the performance problems caused by heterogeneous execution frequency of code in the same function and heterogeneous access pattern of fields in the same data structure. These heterogeneous characteristics are bad for performance. On one hand, it is frequent that instructions in the same function have very different execution frequencies. There is often infrequently referenced cold code, such as exception handlers, intertwined in frequently invoked hot functions. Cold code in hot functions not only degrades instruction cache efficiency but also makes host functions too large to be inlined. On the other hand, programmers organize their data layout in a semantically meaningful way that often does not match the runtime access pattern well. This data organization causes inefficient data cache utilization. 
We use compiler outlining techniques to address these performance problems that are difficult to handle by programmers. For programs with heterogeneous execution frequency, we use function outlining to split cold code out of the host function. Function outlining makes the host function smaller and more amenable for inlining optimization because the compiler is then able to do partial inlining, i.e., inline only the hot parts of a callee. To address the heterogeneous data pattern issue, we use data outlining or reshaping, which splits large data structures into smaller ones, to improve the efficiency of data cache. 
We describe in detail the necessary analysis and transformations needed to preserve correct program behavior in code and data outlining. In both function outlining and data outlining, we conduct a study of possible strategies. Our study shows that, although function outlining can be used to reduce function sizes (by up to 97%) and partial inlining improves performance by up to 5.75%, partial inlining has very limited effect on enabling more aggressive inlining for SPEC2000 benchmarks. The major benefits of partial inlining are actually the benefits of function outlining, which become more pronouncing when inlining is enabled. We also found that data reshaping could improve performance dramatically: one of the benchmarks studied achieves 2.1 times speedup with proper reshaping strategy. Detailed analysis explains these performance results.
Towards High‐Energy‐Density Pseudocapacitive Flowable Electrodes by the Incorporation of Hydroquinone (2015)

This study reports an investigation of hydroquinone (HQ) as a multielectron organic redox molecule to enhance the performance of flowable electrodes. Two different methods to produce high-performance pseudocapacitive flowable electrodes were investigated for electrochemical flow capacitors. First, HQ molecules were deposited on carbon spheres (CSs) by a self-assembly approach using various HQ loadings. In the second approach, HQ was used as a redox-mediating agent in the electrolyte. Flowable electrodes composed of HQ showed a capacitance of 342 F g(-1), which is >200 % higher than that of flowable electrodes based on nontreated CSs (160 F g(-1)), and outperformed (in gravimetric performance) many reported film electrodes. A similar trend in capacitance was observed if HQ was used as a redox agent in the electrolyte; however, its poor cycle life restricted further consideration. In addition, a twofold increase in capacitance was observed under flow conditions compared to that of previous studies.
Baja Drive Line Test Development (2010)

This paper discusses the development and setup of a test facility to model the performance of the Briggs and Stratton Model 20 engine, used in the SAE Baja competition. The test platform is integrated with sensors to measure various engine parameters including horsepower, torque, RPM, an assortment of temperatures, intake air flow rate, fuel flow rate, cylinder pressure, and air/fuel ratio measurements. The system employs a DC motor as the dynamometer, a dynamometer controller to provide controlled load to the engine, sensors, and data acquisition hardware. All measured parameters were within range of expected results and theoretical estimates. A repeatability and reliability assessment of the system was not conducted due to time constraints and limited availability of the test facility; however all sensors were tested and validated. Certain physical design requirements included the ability to adapt the engine to the DC motor via a drive system, ability to tilt the engine, robustness, and safety. All design requirements were met. Limitations in the drive system observed during testing were partly resolved through the design and development phases.
Fast H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Transcoding Using Power-Spectrum Based Rate-Distortion Optimization (2008)

Since variable block-size motion compensation (MC) and rate-distortion optimization (RDO) techniques are adopted in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, modes and motion vectors (MVs) in input stream can no longer be reused equivalently efficient over a wide range of bit rate in transcoded streams. This paper proposes a new RDO model to maintain good coding efficiency and greatly reduce computation of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC transcoding, in which the distortion caused by motion and mode changes is not calculated directly from the sum of absolute difference (SAD) or the sum of square difference (SSD) between source signals and interpolated prediction signals. Instead, distortion is directly estimated from MV variation and the power spectrum (PS) of the prediction signal generated from input stream. The proposed RDO model can be applied to both the pixel-domain transcoding and the transform-domain transcoding even when coded signals are not reconstructed at all. Furthermore, the techniques as to derive the Lagrangian multiplier in the proposed model are developed in respective pixel- and transform-domains. Additionally, we propose an H.264/MPEG-4 transcoding scheme that demonstrates the advantage of the proposed RDO model in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and transcoding speed, in which P-pictures are transcoded in the pixel domain for achieving reconstructed high quality and B-pictures are transcoded in the transform domain for high-transcoding speed.
Linearity of the Frank-Starling relationship in the intact heart: the concept of preload recruitable stroke work. (1985)

The Frank-Starling relationship generally has been examined with filling pressure as the index of preload, resulting in a curvilinear function that plateaus at higher filling pressures. To investigate this relationship further in the intact heart, 32 dogs were chronically instrumented with left ventricular and pleural micromanometers and with regional (10 dogs) or global (22 dogs) ultrasonic dimension transducers. Seven days after implantation, left ventricular pressure and regional or global dimensions were recorded in the conscious state. After autonomic blockade, preload was varied by vena caval occlusion. Myocardial function was assessed by calculating regional or global stroke work, and preload was measured as end-diastolic segment length or chamber volume. The relationship between stroke work and either end-diastolic segment length or chamber volume (termed the preload recruitable stroke work relationship) was highly linear in every study (mean r = .97) and could be quantified by a slope (MW) and x-intercept (LW). Previous nonlinear relationships between stroke work and filling pressure seemed to reflect the exponential diastolic pressure-volume curve. Over the physiologic range of systolic arterial pressures produced by infusion of nitroprusside or phenylephrine, no significant change was observed in MW or LW in the normal dog. Calcium infusion increased both regional and global MW by 71 +/- 19% and 65 +/- 9%, respectively (p less than .02), with no significant change in LW. To normalize for ventricular geometry and heart rate, stroke work was computed from circumferential stress-strain data and converted to myocardial power output, which was then plotted against end-diastolic circumferential strain. This relationship also was highly linear, and the slope, Mmp (mW/cm3 of myocardium), is proposed as a potential measure of intrinsic myocardial performance independent of loading, geometry, and heart rate.
Diastolische Herzgeräusche (1984)

Diese unterteilen sich, aus hämodynamischen und klinischen Gründen zwingend und sinnvoll, in Geräusche, die
Fuel Cell Condition Monitoring Using Optimized Broadband Impedance Spectroscopy (2015)

Determining the state of health of fuel cell systems is essential to improving its performance and life expectancy. This paper presents the development of a new rapid online condition monitoring system using optimized broadband impedance spectroscopy (OBIS). The hardware was specifically designed to be low cost and scalable to meet the needs of single cell and stack level testing. It is shown how classic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is limited when testing under extreme nonlinear conditions. The design process of the broadband signal is tailored for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell diagnostics in order to minimize measurement time and system disturbance while maximizing accuracy. The long measurement time of standard EIS makes it impractical to use for rapid fault diagnosis, and it is shown how the OBIS system is able to deliver impedance measurements under conditions where EIS cannot be applied. The proposed system is tested for an array of possible operational phenomena and faults and the results compared with that obtained from a commercial frequency response analyzer to demonstrate performance.
Proteomic Analysis of the Yeast Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Reveals Accumulation of a Subclass of Preproteins (2006)

Mitochondria consist of four compartments-outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, and matrix--with crucial but distinct functions for numerous cellular processes. A comprehensive characterization of the proteome of an individual mitochondrial compartment has not been reported so far. We used a eukaryotic model organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to determine the proteome of highly purified mitochondrial outer membranes. We obtained a coverage of approximately 85% based on the known outer membrane proteins. The proteome represents a rich source for the analysis of new functions of the outer membrane, including the yeast homologue (Hfd1/Ymr110c) of the human protein causing Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Surprisingly, a subclass of proteins known to reside in internal mitochondrial compartments were found in the outer membrane proteome. These seemingly mislocalized proteins included most top scorers of a recent genome-wide analysis for mRNAs that were targeted to mitochondria and coded for proteins of prokaryotic origin. Together with the enrichment of the precursor form of a matrix protein in the outer membrane, we conclude that the mitochondrial outer membrane not only contains resident proteins but also accumulates a conserved subclass of preproteins destined for internal mitochondrial compartments.
Monolithic integrated circuits for mm-wave instrumentation (2002)

The GaAs sampling head IC fabricated makes use of a monolithic nonlinear transmission line (NLTL). This is accomplished by using the voltage-dependent capacitance of GaAs varactors distributed periodically along a coplanar transmission line to cause shock-wave formation when driven by a large, approximately 10-V signal. A two-diode sampling bridge is integrated with the NLTL as the strobe pulse generator to achieve a sampling bandwidth of over 290 GHz. Also integrated are two samplers with a resistive directional bridge to form an S-parameter test-set on a chip. Greater than 10-dB directivity is demonstrated to 60 GHz. The speed of the sampler is evaluated by using the onboard NLTL test signal generator. With the test NLTL driven at 10 GHz+100 Hz and the strobe NLTL driven at 5 GHz, the sample output showed a 160- mu s 90% to 10% falltime which corresponds to 1.6 ps in real-time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tabulation of Methods for the Numerical Solution of the Hollow Waveguide Problem (Short Papers) (1974)

A comparison of methods for the numerical solution of the hollow waveguide problem is presented in tabular form. Another table lists waveguide shapes and their cutoff characteristics that have been presented in the literature. These tables and the bibliography afford an aid towards the selection of a method.
Replay for concurrent non-deterministic shared-memory applications (1996)

Replay of shared-memory program execution is desirable in many domains including cyclic debugging, fault tolerance and performance monitoring. Past approaches to repeatable execution have focused on the problem of re-executing the shared-memory access patterns in parallel programs. With the proliferation of operating system supported threads and shared memory for uniprocessor programs, there is a clear need for efficient replay of concurrent applications. The solutions for parallel systems can be performance prohibitive when applied to the uniprocessor case. We present an algorithm, called the repeatable scheduling algorithm, combining scheduling and instruction counts to provide an invariant for efficient, language independent replay of concurrent shared-memory applications. The approach is shown to have trace overheads that are independent of the amount of sharing that takes place. An implementation for cyclic debugging on Mach 3.0 is evaluated and benchmarks show typical performance overheads of around 10%. The algorithm implemented is compared with optimal event-based tracing and shown to do better with respect to the number of events monitored or number of events logged, in most cases by several orders of magnitude.
Peri-operative hypothermia in patients with endovascular stent- graft implantation for aortic aneurysm (2000)

With the development of new technologies and alternative surgical techniques, abdominal aortic aneurysms can now be repaired by implantation of an endovascular stent-graft into the aorta through a femoral arteriotomy under fluoroscopic guidance in the angiography suite. As this is a new procedure for the angiography unit, staff are often unfamiliar in handling long cases under general anaesthesia. Patients therefore were found to be in mild hypothermia when arrived in the recovery room. A study was therefore conducted to assess the degree of hypothermia during the procedure. (non-author abstract)
Formation and Decomposition of Metastable α′′‐Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub> from in situ Powder Neutron Diffraction and Thermal Analysis (2013)

Abstract In order to gain more information on the formation and decomposition behavior of metastable α′′‐Fe 16 N 2 from different starting materials in situ neutron diffraction and thermal analysis in different gas atmospheres and heating rates were carried out. Under inert conditions a direct conversion of α′′‐Fe 16 N 2 in α‐Fe and N 2 was observed using higher heating rates, while with lower heating rates the decomposition occurs via the formation of γ′‐Fe 4 N y . The changes in c / a ratio of the α′′‐phase are related to a subsequent transformation into martensitic α′‐Fe 8 N during the decomposition. In situ neutron diffraction data were collected in high quality, due to an optimized experimental setup with a time resolution of two minutes on D20 (Institut Laue‐Langevin, ILL) allowing for detailed Rietveld analyses. Thermal analyses support the proposed metastable nature of α′′‐Fe 16 N 2 . For all phase transition temperatures within the investigated system a strong dependency from heating rate, thermal history of the sample, gas flow conditions, and particle size exists. Particularly, for bulk α′′‐Fe 16 N 2 the synthesis conditions from reaction of in situ produced fine iron particles and ammonia were improved and a high purity sample [93(2) wt %] was achieved.
Bacterial <i>IMPDH</i> Gene Used for the Selection of Mammalian Cell Transfectants (2003)

Stable cell transfection is used for the expression of exogenous genes or cDNAs in eukaryotic cells. Selection of these transfectants requires a dominant selectable marker. A variety of such markers has been identified and is currently in use. However, many of these are not suitable for all cell types or require unique conditions. Here we describe a simple and versatile dominant selectable marker that involves bacterial IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme essential for the replication of mammalian and bacterial cells. Although IMPDH is evolutionarily conserved, the bacterial enzyme is orders of magnitude more resistant to the toxic effect of the drug mycophenolic acid, which is an IMPDH inhibitor. We have demonstrated that transfection of human, monkey or Chinese hamster cell lines with an expression vector containing bacterial IMPDH and mycophenolic acid treatment resulted in the selection of colonies with a strikingly increased resistance to mycophenolic acid toxicity. Analysis of cells derived from these colonies indicated that the acquisition of this resistance was associated with bacterial IMPDH protein expression. As a proof of principle, we showed that mammalian cell transfection with a bicistronic IMPDH/GFP expression vector and mycophenolic acid treatment can be used to successfully select transfectants that express the fluorescent protein. These results indicate that bacterial IMPDH is a practical dominant selectable marker that can be used for the selection of transfectants that express exogenous genes or cDNAs in mammalian cells.
Recombinant integrin CD11b A‐domain blocks polymorphonuclear cells recruitment and protects against skeletal muscle inflammatory injury in the rat (2006)

The beta2 integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3) is a major adhesion receptor of neutrophils, normally utilized to fend off infections. This receptor contributes, however, to multiple forms of non-infectious inflammatory injury when dysregulated as shown in gene knock-outs and through the use of blocking monoclonal antibodies. The major ligand recognition site of CR3 has been mapped to the A-domain in the CD11b subunit (CD11bA). The recombinant form of this domain exhibits a ligand binding profile similar to that of the holoreceptor. To assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of CD11bA as a competitive antagonist of CR3 in vivo, we assessed its effects on a developed animal model of traumatic skeletal muscle injury in the rat. Recombinant soluble rat CD11bA-domain fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was administered intravenously in a single dose at 1 mg/kg to nine groups of Wistar rats, five in each group, 30 min before inducing traumatic skeletal muscle injury. Control animals received either a function-blocking anti-CD11b/CD18 monoclonal antibody (1 mg/kg), non-functional mutant forms of the CD11bA (D140GS/AGA, T209/A, D242/A), recombinant GST or buffer alone. In control animals, the wounded muscle showed oedema, erythrocyte extravasation and myonecrosis both within and outside the immediate wounded area (5-10 mm zone) and influx of neutrophils was detected 30 min post-wound, followed by a second wave 3 hr later. Wild-type CD11bA- or anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (mAb)-treated rats showed a comparable and significant decrease in the number of infiltrating PMN (78 + 4%, n = 70 and 86 +/- 2%, n = 50, respectively) and preservation of the muscular fibres outside the immediate zone of necrosis (75 + 4%, n = 70, 84 +/- 1%, n = 50, respectively), compared to controls. These data demonstrate that CD11bA can be an effective tissue-preserving agent in acute inflammatory muscular injury.
Cox-2 deletion in myeloid and endothelial cells, but not in epithelial cells, exacerbates murine colitis. (2010)

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases are at increased risk for colorectal cancer. Pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) function exacerbates symptoms in colitis patients. Animal models of colitis using Cox-2-knockout mice and COX inhibitors also indicate that COX-2 has a protective role against colon inflammation. However, because conventional Cox-2 deletion and COX-2 inhibitors eliminate COX-2 function in all cells, it has not been possible to analyze the role(s) of COX-2 in different cell types. Here, we use a Cox-2(flox) conditional knockout mouse to analyze the role of COX-2 expression in distinct cell types in the colon in response to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We generated Cox-2 conditional knockouts in myeloid cells with LysMCre knock-in mice, in endothelial cells with VECadCreERT2 transgenic mice and in epithelial cells with VillinCre transgenic mice. When treated with DSS to induce colitis, both myeloid cell-specific and endothelial cell-specific Cox-2-knockout mice exhibited greater weight loss, increased clinical scores and decreased epithelial cell proliferation after DSS injury when compared with littermate controls. In contrast, epithelial-specific Cox-2 knockouts and control littermates did not differ in response to DSS. These results suggest that COX-2 expression in myeloid cells and endothelial cells, but not epithelial cells, is important for protection of epithelial cells in this murine colitis model.
A comparative study on the sign-language communication systems between Korea and Japan through 2D and 3D character models on the Internet (2003)

The sign language can be used as a communication means between ordinary people who have no common language. In order to get over the linguistic barrier, we had developed a 2D model-based sign-language communication system between Korea and Japan on the Internet. From the study, we discovered that there are some problems to be solved for natural animation and real-time transmission in the communication system. In this paper, we employ a 3D character model for the stereoscopic gestures of the sign-language animation, where we utilize CG-animation techniques in order to generate unartificial gestures. For real-time communication, we make use of an intelligent communication method on the client-server architecture. Using the 2D and 3D models, we implement the communication system with Visual C++ 5.0 and Open Inventor on the Windows platforms and experiment on the comparison of their availabilities. Experimental results show that both systems have some properties in their own ways and could be used for non-verbal communication between different languages beyond the linguistic barrier.
Activity of HDV ribozymes to trans-cleave HCV RNA (2002)

HDV ribozymes are able to trans-cleave specifically HCV RNA at certain sites under appropriate conditions, and combination of several ribozymes aiming at different target sites can trans-cleave the substrate more efficiently than using only one of them.