gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power consumption and efficiency of cooling in a Data Center (2010)

Cooling power occupies large portion of power consumption in a Data Center. Improving efficiency of cooling is one of the most efficient ways to reduce power consumption in a Data Center. However it is not obvious how we can find out sufficient but not too much operation of cooling facility. In this paper, we measure temperature of racks, servers and processors and power consumption of IT equipment and CRAC under several different conditions. From these investigations, we find out the following. It is possible to reduce cooling power by leading cool air to rack directly. Monitoring processor temperature and controlling number of CRAC and volume of air are useful methods to adjust the capability of CRAC.
A New Supramolecular Hole Injection/Transport Material on Conducting Polymer for Application in Light‐Emitting Diodes (2012)

A new DNA-mimetic π-conjugated polymer poly(triphenylamine-carbazole) (PTC-U) has been prepared which exhibits high thermal stability, non-corrosion, excellent hole injection and electron-blocking abilities in the solid state owing to the uracil induced physical cross-linking. In addition, a trilayer device with PTC-U as a hole injection/transport layer is approximately 1.6 times higher than that of the commercial product PEDOT:PSS-based devices.
Glycosylation of recombinant protein therapeutics: control and functional implications (1991)

The discovery, development, production and clinical application of recombinant glycoproteins for therapeutic administration in humans has been, and continues to be, an area of intensive scientific and medical effort. This effort has engendered considerable interest in the biological and therapeutic implications of post-translational modifications, particularly the most elaborated and sophisticated of these, protein glycosylation. As a result, numerous studies have appeared in the literature, especially within the past few years, which have greatly expanded our understanding of the biology of protein glycosylation. This review seeks to summarize these studies, illustrating that protein glycosylation, by modulating numerous biological attributes, is of central import in defining the utility of recombinant therapeutics.
ROLE OF MICROSTRUCTURAL SOFTENING EVENTS IN METAL CUTTING (2002)

Oxley's model for predicting equilibrium shear angle turns out to be the most comprehensive approach that incorporates both the mechanics of metal cutting and dynamic behavior of metal during metal cutting. Oxley's prediction of equilibrium shear angle for flow chip morphology is validated in metal cutting at low cutting speeds. However, the domain of flow chip is limited by major microstructural softening events that occur at high cutting speeds particularly if the matrix is hardened by heat treatment or there is a large volume fraction of second phase particles. Dynamic recrystallisation and phase transformation are identified as major microstructural softening events occurring in the hardened matrix that cause shear localisation. Incompatibility of deformation between the matrix and second phase particles causes shear localisation due to geometric softening. Quantitative modeling to predict the critical speed for the onset of shear localised chip morphology requires quantitative database on the dynamic flow stress behavior of materials that duly incorporates the microstructural softening events, which is the critical path. Quantitative analysis of phenomenological database in model alloys has shown that shear localisation can be suppressed by engineering glassy oxide inclusions that lubricate in-situ the tool-chip interface. This concept underlies the development of self-lubricating steel designed to suppress chemical wear in high speed machining.
Enhanced interaction strength for a square plasmon resonator embedded in a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (2015)

The deployment of nanocavities may efficiently enhance the light-matter interaction for photonic components on chip. Three nanoscale cavity designs are investigated, including the one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal (PhC) nanobeam cavity, inline waveguide-integrated plasmon cavity, and square plasmon resonator embedded in the 1-D PhC nanobeam cavity (i.e., Combo cavity). The cavity performance, such as quality and Purcell factor, mode volume, and light-matter interaction strength, are evaluated for each structure for comparison. A deep subwavelength mode volume of 0.18 (λ/2n)3 is observed in the Combo cavity, which exhibits an improved Purcell factor up to 428 and a 44 times enhanced interaction strength due to the compressed mode volume compared to the inline plasmon cavity. Thus, the Combo cavity shows promise of becoming a potential building block for active components of next-generation on-chip photonic circuits.
Development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for neurodegeneration and neuropathic pain (2014)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in the human body, playing a crucial role in cell and neuronal communication, regulation of blood pressure, and in immune activation. However, overproduction of NO by the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is one of the fundamental causes underlying neurodegenerative disorders and neuropathic pain. Therefore, developing small molecules for selective inhibition of nNOS over related isoforms (eNOS and iNOS) is therapeutically desirable. The aims of this review focus on the regulation and dysregulation of NO signaling, the role of NO in neurodegeneration and pain, the structure and mechanism of nNOS, and the use of this information to design selective inhibitors of this enzyme. Structure-based drug design, the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of these inhibitors, and extensive target validation through animal studies are addressed.
Numerical Characterisation of Electronic Packaging Solutions based on Hidden Dies (2006)

Innovative electronic portable products can be characterised by increasing signal frequencies and the demand on higher density of functions, which requires more space, for active components as well as for passives. One way to meet these requirements is a three-dimensional integration of components. The authors follow a so-called “chip in polymer” approach, which allows an extremely dense integration and very short interconnects. Thinned Si-components are embedded directly into the printed circuit boards, and the interconnects are realised by laser drilling and galvanic metallisation. In order to achieve high functionality and reliability and to minimise the number of later redesign loops, thermal and thermo-mechanical reliability aspects are taken into account already from the initial design phase. For this purpose, numerical studies by means of finite element (FE) analyses are very efficient to check the desired properties. The authors’ approach for a package design, containing different types of test structures and ICs, is outlined. First, FE calculations were carried out in order to study the thermal performance. The number, positions, and dimensions of thermal vias were investigated in detail, and their influence on leading heat off could be evaluated. Beside this, the fraction of copper in the top metallisation layer of the package was taken into account. In order to reduce the number of necessary real parts and the effort for the test procedures, a special test board was designed with different versions of interconnects between the hidden dies and the ambient.
Aminopterin (a Folic Acid Antagonist) in the Treatment of Leukemia (1949)

Journal Article Aminopterin (a Folic Acid Antagonist) in the Treatment of Leukemia Get access Leo M. Meyer, M.D., Leo M. Meyer, M.D. From the Medical Service, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, and Department of Therapeutics, New York University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harold Fink, M.D., Harold Fink, M.D. From the Medical Service, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, and Department of Therapeutics, New York University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Arthur Sawitsky, M.D., Arthur Sawitsky, M.D. From the Medical Service, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, and Department of Therapeutics, New York University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Manuel Rowen, M.D., Manuel Rowen, M.D. From the Medical Service, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, and Department of Therapeutics, New York University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Norton D. Ritz, M.D. Norton D. Ritz, M.D. From the Medical Service, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, and Department of Therapeutics, New York University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 19, Issue 2, 1 February 1949, Pages 119–126, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/19.2.119 Published: 01 February 1949 Article history Received: 12 November 1948 Published: 01 February 1949
Optical properties of single-crystal rutile Ru<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Ir<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>in the range 0.5 to 9.5 eV (1981)

We have measured the near-normal incidence reflectivity of single-crystal rutile Ru${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and Ir${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}\ensuremath{\parallel}c$ axis and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}\ensuremath{\perp}c$ axis at room temperature in the photon energy range 0.5-9.5 eV. From a Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectivity we have obtained the spectral dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$, respectively) and refractive index ($n$ and $k$, respectively) for each material. Comparison with recent band-structure and density-of-states calculations and past experimental studies of related solids has enabled us to gain further insight into the nature of the oxygen $p$ electrons and metal $d$ electrons in these materials.
Molecular features of the CAG repeats and clinical manifestation of Machado--Joseph disease (1995)

Machado--Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration mapped to chromosome 14q32.1. The CAG expansions of the MJD1 gene was identified as the cause of the disease. We have analyzed 90 MJD individuals from 62 independent MJD families and found that the MJD1 repeat length is inversely correlated with the age of onset (r = -0.87). The MJD chromosomes contained 61-84 repeat units, whereas normal chromosomes displayed 14-34 repeats. In the normal chromosomes, 14 repeat units were the most common and the shortest. In association with the clinical anticipation of the disease, a parent--child analysis showed the unidirectional expansion of CAG repeats and no case of diminution in the affected family. The differences in CAG repeat length between parent and child and between siblings are greater in paternal transmission than in maternal transmission. Detailed analysis revealed that a large degree of expansion was associated with a shorter length of MJD1 gene in paternal transmission. On the other hand, the increments of increase were similar for shorter and longer expansion in maternal transmission. Among the three clinical subtypes, type I of MJD, with dystonia, showed a larger degree of expansion in CAG repeats of the gene and younger ages of onset than the other types.
Arsenic cluster engineering for excitonic electro-optics (1993)

An unexpectedly large room-temperature electro-optic effect has been observed in Al0.25Ga0.75As containing As clusters. The room-temperature band-edge absorption of this metal–semiconductor composite exhibits a clearly defined excitonic edge. This band-edge absorption can be strongly affected by electric fields due to exciton life-time broadening; almost a 60% differential transmission was obtained for a 1 μm thick Al0.25Ga0.75As epilayer containing As clusters. This is comparable to values obtained using GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures. The excitonic absorption is a strong function of the average As cluster spacing that is controlled with the cluster coarsening anneal temperature. This enhancement of the excitonic optical properties by embedded metallic clusters represents a fundamental departure from traditional quantum well engineering.
Mining social network from spatio-temporal events (2005)

Knowing patterns of relationship in a social network is very useful for law enforcement agencies to investigate collaborations among criminals, for businesses to exploit relationships to sell products, or for individuals who wish to network with others. After all, it is not just what you know, but also whom you know, that matters. However, finding out who is related to whom on a large scale is a complex problem. Asking every single individual would be impractical, given the huge number of individuals and the changing dynamics of relationships. Recent advancement in technology has allowed more data about activities of individuals to be collected. Such data may be mined to reveal associations between these individuals. Specifically, we focus on data having space and time elements, such as logs of people’s movement over various locations or of their Internet activities at various cyber locations. Reasoning that individuals who are frequently found together are likely to be associated with each other, we mine from the data instances where several actors co-occur in space and time, presumably due to an underlying interaction. We call these spatio-temporal co-occurrences events, which we use to establish relationships between pairs of individuals. In this paper, we propose a model for constructing a social network from events, and provide an algorithm that mines these events from the data. Experiments on a real-life data tracking people’s accesses to cyber locations have also yielded encouraging results.
Air Proportional Counters (1948)

Some properties of proportional counters using air at atmospheric pressure are described. It is shown that a variety of counter designs may be developed which are stable both with and without thin windows. A few counter designs which have applications in the detection of alpha-radioactive contamination are discussed in detail.
The <i>Drosophila</i> Brahma complex is an essential coactivator for the <i>trithorax</i> group protein Zeste (2000)

The trithorax group (trxG) of activators and Polycomb group (PcG) of repressors are believed to control the expression of several key developmental regulators by changing the structure of chromatin. Here, we have sought to dissect the requirements for transcriptional activation by the Drosophila trxG protein Zeste, a DNA-binding activator of homeotic genes. Reconstituted transcription reactions established that the Brahma (BRM) chromatin-remodeling complex is essential for Zeste-directed activation on nucleosomal templates. Because it is not required for Zeste to bind to chromatin, the BRM complex appears to act after promoter binding by the activator. Purification of the Drosophila BRM complex revealed a number of novel subunits. We found that Zeste tethers the BRM complex via direct binding to specific subunits, including trxG proteins Moira (MOR) and OSA. The leucine zipper of Zeste mediates binding to MOR. Interestingly, although the Imitation Switch (ISWI) remodelers are potent nucleosome spacing factors, they are dispensable for transcriptional activation by Zeste. Thus, there is a distinction between general chromatin restructuring and transcriptional coactivation by remodelers. These results establish that different chromatin remodeling factors display distinct functional properties and provide novel insights into the mechanism of their targeting.
Morse Decompositions for Coverage Tasks (2002)

Exact cellular decompositions represent a robot's free space by dividing it into regions with simple structure such that the sum of the regions fills the free space. These decompositions have been widely used for path planning between two points, but can be used for mapping and coverage of free spaces. In this paper, we define exact cellular decompositions where critical points of Morse functions indicate the location of cell boundaries. Morse functions are those whose critical points are non-degenerate. Between critical points, the structure of a space is effectively the same, so simple control strategies to achieve tasks, such as coverage, are feasible within each cell. This allows us to introduce a general framework for coverage tasks because varying the Morse function has the effect of changing the pattern by which a robot covers its free space. In this paper, we give examples of different Morse functions and comment on their corresponding tasks. In a companion paper, we describe the sensor-based algorithm that constructs the decomposition.
Shift Work and Inter‐Individual Differences in Sleep and Sleepiness (2006)

Inter-individual differences in tolerance for shift work have been studied primarily in terms of external factors affecting alertness on the job or the ability to rest and sleep while at home. However, there is increasing evidence that neurobiological factors play a role as well, particularly the major processes involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. These include a sleep homeostatic process seeking to balance wakefulness and sleep and a circadian process seeking to promote wakefulness during the day and sleep during the night. Shift work is associated with a temporal misalignment of these two endogenous processes. During nightwork, this misalignment makes it difficult to stay awake during the nightshift and sleep during the day. However, inter-individual variability in the processes involved in sleep/wake regulation is substantial. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of inter-individual differences in vulnerability to cognitive deficits from sleep loss. Moreover, these inter-individual differences were shown to constitute a trait. Interestingly, self-evaluations of sleepiness did not correspond well with the trait inter-individual variability in objective levels of performance impairment during sleep deprivation. Perhaps because of this discrepancy, in operational settings, the inter-individual differences in vulnerability to sleep loss do not appear to be limited due to self-selection mechanisms. Indeed, even among a highly select group of active-duty jet fighter pilots flying a series of simulated night missions, systematic inter-individual differences in performance impairment from sleep loss were still observed. There are significant personal and economic consequences to human error and accidents caused by performance deficits due to sleep loss. It is important, therefore, to study the inter-individual differences in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the work environment so that cognitive impairment during shift work may be better anticipated and prevented.
Intra-abdominal patterns of disease dissemination in colorectal cancer identified using radioimmunoguided surgery (1996)

RIGS detected more tissue involved in disease process for all sites in both primary and recurrent disease except liver metastases. Areas with highest proportion of RIGS-positive tissue, the gastrohepatic ligament and celiac nodes, are rarely resected and are not pathologically examined. Positive RIGS localization of tumor antigen in these areas suggests more extensive dissemination of disease process.
Detection of High Titers of Antibody against <i>Helicobacter</i> Cysteine-Rich Proteins A, B, C, and E in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> -Infected Individuals (2003)

The family of Helicobacter cysteine-rich proteins (Hcp) constitutes one of the largest protein families that are specific for proteobacteria from the delta/epsilon subgroup. Most of the proteins belonging to this family have so far only been recognized on the genome level. To investigate the expression of Hcp proteins in vivo we analyzed titers of antibody against HcpA (HP0211), HcpB (HP0336), HcpC (HP1098), and HcpE (HP0235) in sera from 30 Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals and in a control group of six H. pylori-negative individuals. Significantly higher titers of antibody were observed for H. pylori-positive individuals (P < 0.00005). The highest and lowest titers were observed for HcpC (Delta mean = 1.06) and HcpB (Delta mean = 0.333), respectively. There is a clear correlation among anti-HcpA, -HcpC, and -HcpE immunoglobulin G titers in H. pylori-positive individuals (correlation > 0.7), but there is only a weak correlation for HcpB (correlation < 0.4). These results confirm that Hcp proteins are expressed by H. pylori under natural environmental conditions and that these proteins are recognized by the immune system of the host. The observed correlations are in agreement with the expected distribution of Hcp proteins among H. pylori strains. HcpA, HcpC, and HcpE are present in the genomes of strains 26695 and J99, whereas HcpB is absent from most strains. Since Hcp proteins are specific for H. pylori, immunological assays including Hcp proteins might be of value to detect H. pylori infection and perhaps to distinguish among different groups of H. pylori-positive patients.
Vascular Gene Transfer of Phosphomimetic Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (S1177D) Using Ultrasound-Enhanced Destruction of Plasmid-Loaded Microbubbles Improves Vasoreactivity (2002)

Ultrasound-mediated destruction of eNOS S1177D DNA-loaded albumin microbubbles is a feasible and efficient method for vascular gene transfection. Transfection resulted in significant protein expression and enhanced NO-mediated relaxation of bradykinin-stimulated porcine coronary arteries.
Evidence for emergence of diverse polioviruses from C-cluster coxsackie A viruses and implications for global poliovirus eradication (2007)

The poliovirus (PV) eradication campaign is conducted on the premise that this virus, because of the lack of a zoonotic reservoir, will not reemerge once eradicated. This report examines the origin of PV using theoretical and experimental approaches. Our rooted phylogenetic analysis suggests a speciation of PV from a C-cluster coxsackie A virus (C-CAV) ancestor through mutation of the capsid that caused a receptor switch from intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to CD155, leading to a change of pathogenicity. This hypothesis is supported experimentally with chimeras generated from three different pairs of PV and C-CAV. Those carrying the PV capsid and the replication proteins of C-CAVs replicated well, whereas their reciprocal counterparts were either debilitated or dead. This phenomenon of asymmetry is observed also in recombinants between PV1 and C-CAV20, selected in tissue culture cells using a previously undescribed protocol. The recombinants are generated at frequencies of 10(-6) typical for PV interserotype recombination. Strikingly, they resemble genetically and phenotypically, including neurovirulence in CD155 transgenic mice, the large majority of circulating vaccine-derived PVs that have caused poliomyelitis outbreaks in different parts of the world. These data provide experimental evidence for C-CAVs being partners to PVs in generating diverse PV progeny by homologous recombination. They support speciation of a novel human pathogen (PV) from a pool of different human pathogens (C-CAVs). In a PV-free world without PV neutralizing antibodies, contemporary C-CAV, like their ancestor(s), could be fertile ground for a PV-like agent to emerge by mutation.