gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact LTCC-based Ku-band transmitter module (2002)

Presents design, implementation, and measurement of a three-dimensional (3-D)-deployed RF front-end system-on-package (SOP) in a standard multi-layer low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. A compact 14 GHz GaAs MESFET-based transmitter module integrated with an embedded bandpass filter was built on LTCC 951AT tapes. The up-converter MMIC integrated with a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) exhibits a measured up-conversion gain of 15 dB and an IIP3 of 15 dBm, while the power amplifier (PA) MMIC shows a measured gain of 31 dB and a 1-dB compression output power of 26 dBm at 14 GHz. Both MMICs were integrated on a compact LTCC module where an embedded front-end band pass filter (BPF) with a measured insertion loss of 3 dB at 14.25 GHz was integrated. The transmitter module is compact in size (400 /spl times/ 310 /spl times/ 35.2 mil/sup 3/), however it demonstrated an overall up-conversion gain of 41 dB, and available data rate of 32 Mbps with adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of 42 dB. These results suggest the feasibility of building highly SOP integrated RF front ends for microwave and millimeter wave applications.
Structure and function of the phosphorylated residues of casein (1986)

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Observation of Synchrotron Radiation from Electrons Accelerated in a Petawatt-Laser-Generated Plasma Cavity (2008)

The dynamics of plasma electrons in the focus of a petawatt laser beam are studied via measurements of their x-ray synchrotron radiation. With increasing laser intensity, a forward directed beam of x rays extending to 50 keV is observed. The measured x rays are well described in the synchrotron asymptotic limit of electrons oscillating in a plasma channel. The critical energy of the measured synchrotron spectrum is found to scale as the Maxwellian temperature of the simultaneously measured electron spectra. At low laser intensity transverse oscillations are negligible as the electrons are predominantly accelerated axially by the laser generated wakefield. At high laser intensity, electrons are directly accelerated by the laser and enter a highly radiative regime with up to 5% of their energy converted into x rays.
Lilly Lecture: Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance: Lessons From Patients With Mutations in the Insulin-Receptor Gene (1992)

Insulin resistance contributes to the pathogenesis of NIDDM. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in patients with genetic syndromes caused by mutations in the insulin-receptor gene. In general, patients with two mutant alleles of the insulin-receptor gene are more severely insulin-resistant than are patients who are heterozygous for a single mutant allele. These mutations can be put into five classes, depending upon the mechanisms by which they impair receptor function. Some mutations lead to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. For example, some mutations decrease the level of insulin receptor mRNA or impair receptor biosynthesis by introducing a premature chain termination codon (class 1). Class 2 mutations impair the transport of receptors through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Mutations that accelerate the rate of receptor degradation (class 5) also decrease the number of receptors on the cell surface. Other mutations cause insulin resistance by impairing receptor function--either by decreasing the affinity to bind insulin (class 3) or by impairing receptor tyrosine kinase activity (class 4). The prevalence of mutations in the insulin receptor gene is not known. However, theoretical calculations suggest that approximately 0.1-1% of the general population are heterozygous for a mutation in the insulin-receptor gene; the prevalence is likely to be higher among people with NIDDM. Accordingly, it is likely that mutations in the insulin-receptor gene may be a contributory cause of insulin resistance in a subpopulation with NIDDM.
T-Cell Adoptive Therapy of Tumors: Mechanisms of Improved Therapeutic Performance (2001)

The T cells of many cancer patients are naturally sensitized to tumor-associated antigens (Ag), or they can readily be sensitized with vaccine maneuvers. In melanoma patients, the adoptive transfer of such T cells can often be causally linked to the objective regression of established tumors. So far, few patients have shown sustained clinical benefit from such therapy, but preclinical mouse studies have now clearly delineated the hurdles that must be overcome to render T-cell-based antitumor therapy effective. Contrary to earlier expectations, it is now established that remarkably potent CD4+ and CD8+ pre-effector T cells are naturally sensitized even in mice bearing progressive, weakly immunogenic tumors. However, such T cells often display signal transduction impairments as a consequence of the tumor environment, which limit their acquisition of optimal effector function. Extracorporealization and culture of these tumor-sensitized T cells with appropriate activation stimuli not only restores normal signal transduction, but also confers resolute effector activity that can often sustain tumor rejection upon reinfusion. In mouse studies, the L-selectin(low) fraction of T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) constitutes the potent pre-effector population and comprises both CD4+ and helper-independent CD8+ T cells. Appropriate in vitro activation confers an apparently unrestricted trafficking capacity to this fraction, and even the ability to proliferate within the tumor bed, leading to unprecedented tumor rejection at anatomic sites (e.g., subcutaneous and intracranial) that were historically refractory to such treatment. Such results underscore the surprising capacity of appropriately activated effector T cells to withstand the immunosuppressive, tolerogenic, and apoptotic influences of the typical tumor environment. Given the increasingly appreciated and critical communications between T cells and host Ag-presenting cells (APC), which cross-present tumor Ag, it is likely that dendritic cell-based vaccine maneuvers that promote sensitization of T1-committed L-selectin(low) antitumor T cells will play an increasingly important role in adoptive therapy strategies.
Dynamic eigenstates of polarization (2001)

We propose the concept of a dynamic eigenstate of polarization (DES) to describe the sensitivity of the output polarization of an optical component relative to the change of a key parameter characterizing its birefringent characteristics. The concept is a generalization of the concept of principal states developed for polarization mode dispersion to generalized parameters such as temperature, pressure, voltage, angular adjustment, etc. We discuss the application of the DES concept in some detail for polarization control and polarization sensitivity relative to temperature.
Real-Time Contouring Of Toothimprints (1985)

Based upon a fluorescent coating and contouring technique, a video signal processing has been designed for real-time contouring with enlarged depth of field. Microscopic images with 5μm contour interval have been obtained.
40 GHz monolithic grid amplifier (2002)

Summary form only given. A 36-element monolithic grid amplifier has been fabricated. The peak gain is 4 dB at 40 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 800 MHz. We discuss the design and measurements for the monolithic grid amplifier. The grid includes base stabilizing capacitors which result in a highly stable grid. This is the first report of a successful monolithic grid amplifier.
Disaggregation of microparticle clusters by induced magnetic dipole–dipole repulsion near a surface (2013)

Ensembles of magnetic particles are known to align and aggregate into multi-particle clusters in an applied magnetic field, and the physical laws governing these processes are well described in literature. However, it has been elusive how to achieve the opposite process, i.e. the disaggregation of particle clusters in a magnetic field. We report a novel method to disaggregate clusters of superparamagnetic microparticles using time-dependent magnetic fields. The disaggregating field is designed to generate repulsive dipole-dipole forces between the particles and to stabilize the disaggregated particles on a physical surface. We demonstrate the disaggregation of large clusters of several tens of particles, within about one minute, using fields generated by a multipole electromagnet. After the disaggregation process the particles are uniformly distributed over the surface and ready for further lab-on-chip processing. Our results represent a novel methodology to disaggregate magnetic particle clusters and thereby improve the effectiveness and reproducibility of biological assays based on magnetic microparticles.
Tocopherols in foods and fats (1971)

Abstract Methods are now available for the determination of all the specific tocopherol forms found in nature. Although the greatest interest centers on alpha‐tocopherol, much information has been gathered on the amounts of individual tocopherols in foods and fats contributing to the human diet. This paper summarizes and discusses the recent literature on the tocopherols in natural, processed and prepared foods. Alpha‐tocopherol, although the most widely distributed, is in many instances not the predominant form. In a number of important tocopherol sources, e.g., soybean oil, much larger amounts of gamma‐tocopherol are found. The levels of tocopherols are variable, but the evidence suggests that the identities of the specific forms are characteristic of the source. In cereal grains the further observation may be made that the related tocol‐tocotrienol pairs tend to be found together. Processing and preparation almost invariably reduce the tocopherol content, sometimes to insignificant levels.
State Assignment for Detecting Erroneous Transitions in Finite State Machines (2006)

A new concurrent error detection scheme for detecting faulty transitions in finite state machines is presented. Instead of assigning codewords to states, codewords are assigned to transitions by an appropriate state assignment. For the detection of one erroneous bit, it is possible in certain cases to find such an assignment without adding extra state bits. The resulting area overhead is determined for some benchmark examples. Finally, a system paradigm is sketched which uses error detection for soft error correction and reliability management
Synthesis of Alaninyl and <i>N</i>‐(2‐Aminoethyl)glycinyl Amino Acid Derivatives Containing the Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore in Their Side Chains for Incorporation into Peptides and Peptide Nucleic Acids (2006)

Abstract Artificial amino acids carrying either the chromophore of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or a modification as their side chains have been synthesized: Boc‐protected alaninyl derivatives and Fmoc‐protected N ‐(2‐aminoethyl)glycine‐functionalized amino acids were obtained and could be applied in solid‐phase peptide synthesis. The incorporation of the GFP chromophore into N ‐(2‐aminoethyl)glycine‐PNA was achieved and fluorescence was studied as a function of hybridization with complementary DNA. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical smears. A comparison of in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and cytopathology. (1987)

A comparison of different methods for the detection of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was made on patients attending the cervical dysplasia clinic. Cytomorphology, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were compared for their ability to detect HPV. Separate cervicovaginal smears from 50 patients were tested for HPV types 6/11, 16 and 18 by in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled DNA probes. Duplicate smears from the same patients were Papanicolaou stained and evaluated for evidence of condylomatous and dysplastic changes. Twenty-five matching cervical biopsies were immunostained for HPV capsid antigen and tested by in situ hybridization for HPV DNA. The cytologic smears of 20 patients (40%) were positive for HPV DNA. Six patients had HPV 6/11, ten had HPV 16, three had HPV 18, and one had both HPV 6/11 and HPV 16. There was a high correlation between condylomatous cytopathology and antigen and DNA detection. One-third of the specimens with condylomatous changes were DNA negative by the tested probes, suggesting the presence of other HPV types in the genital tract.
Elimination of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and appearance of neutralizing antibodies in chronically infected patients without viral clearance (2010)

Seroconversion from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) usually indicates resolution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, two HBV-infected patients with seroconversion to anti-HBs were found to be persistently positive for HBeAg and HBV DNA. Immunohistology of liver biopsies confirmed the expression of HBV proteins in the liver of one patient. The neutralizing ability of anti-HBs in patient sera was demonstrated by blocking HBV infection of primary tupaia hepatocytes. Analysis of the HBsAg-encoding region of HBV isolates from patients indicated the coexistence of heterogeneous HBV genomes in patients. The majority of recombinant variant HBsAg was reactive in HBsAg assays and was able to bind to anti-HBs. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) of HBsAg in patient sera could be detected by polyethylene glycol precipitation and trypsin digestion. Thus, neutralizing anti-HBs may appear in chronic HBV carriers for long periods but does not necessarily lead to complete viral clearance.
Data Mining in Genome Wide Association Studies (2009)

The genetic basis for some human diseases, in which one or a few genome regions increase the probability of acquiring the disease, is fairly well understood. For example, the risk for cystic fibrosis is linked to particular genomic regions. Identifying the genetic basis of more common diseases such as diabetes has proven to be more difficult, because many genome regions apparently are involved, and genetic effects are thought to depend in unknown ways on other factors, called covariates, such as diet and other environmental factors (Goldstein and Cavalleri, 2005). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aim to discover the genetic basis for a given disease. The main goal in a GWAS is to identify genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in particular, that show association with the phenotype, such as “disease present” or “disease absent” either because they are causal, or more likely, because they are statistically correlated with an unobserved causal variant (Goldstein and Cavalleri, 2005). A GWAS can analyze “by DNA site” or “by multiple DNA sites. ” In either case, data mining tools (Tachmazidou, Verzilli, and De Lorio, 2007) are proving to be quite useful for understanding the genetic causes for common diseases.
Compressing polygon mesh geometry with parallelogram prediction (2002)

In this paper we present a generalization of the geometry coder by Touma and Gotsman [34] to polygon meshes. We let the polygon information dictate where to apply the parallelogram rule that they use to predict vertex positions. Since polygons tend to be fairly planar and fairly convex, it is beneficial to make predictions within a polygon rather than across polygons. This, for example, avoids poor predictions due to a crease angle between polygons. Up to 90 percent of the vertices can be predicted this way. Our strategy improves geometry compression by 10 to 40 percent depending on (a) how polygonal the mesh is and (b) on the quality (planarity/convexity) of the polygons.
2D axial moving table acquisitions with dynamic slice adaptation (2006)

A method for axial multi-slice imaging during continuous table motion has been developed and implemented on a clinical scanner. Multiple axial slice packages are acquired consecutively and combined to cover an extended longitudinal FOV. To account for the table motion during the acquisition, the RF pulse frequencies are continuously updated according to the actual table velocity and slice position. Different strategies for the spatial-temporal acquisition sequence with extended FOV are proposed. They cover different regimes of scan requirements regarding table velocity, used scan range, and slice resolution. The method is easy to implement and compatible with most kinds of sequences. The robustness of the proposed approach has been tested in phantom studies and healthy volunteers using T1-, T2-, and STIR-weighted multi-slice techniques that are based on gradient and turbo spin echo sequences and compared to a stationary approach usually used in clinical routine. The method provides artifact free gradient echo based images during continuous table motion, while for turbo spin echo sequences limitations in choosing table translations occur due to gradient non-linearity effects.
Functional tests for scan chain latches (2002)

New digital designs often include scan chains; high quality economical test is the reason. While many techniques exist for testing combinational circuitry, little attention has been paid to testing the sequential elements (latches and flip-flops). This paper presents techniques for testing latches included in either shift registers or scan chains. We show that a test that applies all transitions to a latch-based shift register is an exhaustive functional test of all of the latches in the register. A more complex test is required for a scan chain. We present a procedure for deriving an exhaustive functional test of the latches in a scan chain. The shift register and scan chain tests presented do not depend on the latch implementation; they detect all detectable combinational defects (those that do not introduce additional states into a latch). We assume that only one latch is defective.
In-situ microparticles for drug delivery (2010)

The objective of this project is to determine the effect of formulation parameters on the in vitro drug release of a hydrophilic model drug (metoclopramide hydrochloride) from ISM-systems. A solution of metoclopramide hydrochloride and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) – PDLLA or PDLG 5002 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolideone (NMP) was emulsified into an external oil phase using an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer. After injection into a buffer medium, diffusion of NMP led to polymer precipitation and microparticles formation in situ. UV spectroscopy (UV), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and pH test were performed to relate the drug release of ISM-systems to the surface properties, particle size and polymer degradation/erosion. ISM-systems prepared with 30% PDLLA (polymer/oil phase ratio of 1:1 and 5% drug loading) showed a high initial release of 86.3%. The initial release could be reduced by increasing the polymer concentration, decreasing polymer/oil phase, and drug loading. Under the same formulation conditions, ISM-systems prepared with PDLG 5002 had a much lower initial release (approximately 39.4%) compared to that from PDLLA. In addition, a second solvent – triacetin was added to both ISM-systems to aid in lowering the initial drug release. Since triacetin is partially soluble in water, it has lower affinity for water. This results in slower exchange rate between water and solvent, which was correlated to a slower and lower initial drug release. Hence, from this project, it could be noticed that varying formulation and processing parameters of ISM-systems could affect the initial release.
Profiles of Galaxy Clusters in Cosmological Scenarios (1987)

We have studied the properties of rich clusters of galaxies in various cosmological scenarios by comparing high resolution N-body simulations with observations of Abell clusters. The clusters have been simulated in two steps. First, protoclusters are identified in large-scale simulations which represent a wide range of cosmological scenarios (hierarchical clustering, pancake scenarios, and hybrids of the two, spanning a range of power spectra). Then the region around each protocluster is simulated with high resolution, the particles representing L * galaxies. The protoclusters have no spatial symmetry built into them initially. The final clusters are still dynamically young, and of moderate densities, which should be representative of Abell clusters of richness classes 1 and 2.
Regulation of the NF-κB-Mediated Transcription of Inflammatory Genes (2014)

The NF-κB family of transcription factors plays a central role in the inducible expression of inflammatory genes during the immune response, and the proper regulation of these genes is a critical factor in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The chromatin environment at stimulus-responsive NF-κB sites is a major determinant in transcription factor binding, and dynamic alteration of the chromatin state to facilitate transcription factor binding is a key regulatory mechanism. NF-κB is in turn able to influence the chromatin state through a variety of mechanisms, including the recruitment of chromatin modifying co-activator complexes such as p300, the competitive eviction of negative chromatin modifications, and the recruitment of components of the general transcriptional machinery. Frequently, the selective interaction with these co-activators is dependent on specific post-translational modification of NF-κB subunits. Finally, the mechanisms of inducible NF-κB activity in different immune cell types seem to be largely conserved. The diversity of cell-specific NF-κB-mediated transcriptional programs is established at the chromatin level during cell differentiation by lineage-defining transcription factors. These factors generate and maintain a cell-specific chromatin landscape that is accessible to NF-κB, thus restricting the inducible transcriptional response to a cell-appropriate output.
BIOREACTOR FOR A LARGER SCALE HEPATOCYTE IN VITRO PERFUSION (1994)

A bioreactor construction for hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is described. The reactor is based on capillaries for hepatocyte immobilization. Four discrete capillary membrane systems, each serving different purposes, are woven to create a three-dimensional framework for decentralized cell perfusion with low metabolite gradients and decentralized oxygenation and CO2 removal. The biochemical performance of reactors initially seeded with 2.5 x 10(9) hepatocytes were evaluated over 3 weeks. On day 21, pig albumin synthesis was 4.7 mg/day, lidocaine metabolism was 813.7 +/- 23 micrograms/hr, galactose elimination was 210.1 +/- 3 mg/hr, and midazolam metabolism was 37.1 +/- 2 micrograms/hr. The specific construction of the reactor enables scale-up to hybrid liver support systems as extracorporeal bridging devices for liver transplantation.
Reconfigurable Folded Reflectarray Antenna Based Upon Liquid Crystal Technology (2014)

A reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal technology is presented in this paper. The antenna comprises a planar lower reflector with an incorporated feed at its center and a polarizing grid on top as an upper reflector. The lower reflector is utilized to collimate the beam and to twist the polarization. The polarizing grid selects the polarization for the transmission and reflects the orthogonally polarized waves toward the lower reflector. Combining reflector elements with a polarizing grid allows performing additional phase adjustment on the upper reflector for beam steering. Reconfigurability is maintained by the upper reflector, in which a liquid crystal mixture is used as a tunable substrate. The liquid crystal layer is tuned with a bias voltage configuration to obtain an appropriate phase adjustment for the beam steering. As a proof of concept, the beam steering capability of the antenna is demonstrated by steering the main beam to -6°, 0 °, and 6 ° at 78 GHz. The measured gain at 78 GHz is 25.1 dB. The proposed antenna configuration is a promising candidate for reconfigurable, high-gain, low-profile, and low-cost antennas.