gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CARBON-FILTER COMPOSITES: A LIGHT-WEIGHT ALTERNATIVE (1985)

This article reviews the development of carbon fiber composites. Carbon fibers have been produced from rayon (Union Carbide Corp, Thornel 25), from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (tensile strength 235,000 to 475,000 psi, tensile moduli 30.5 x 1,000,000 to 116 x 1,000,000 psi), from pitch (Union Carbide Corp, Thornel P-100) with tensile strength of 165,000 psi, tensile modulus of 62 x 1,000,000 psi. Because of the high costs of processing rayon, PAN and pitch are the only precursors currently used in the commercial production of high-modulus carbon fibers. Of these, PAN-based carbon fibers are produced in the largest quantities. PAN precursors are converted into carbon fiber in 5 steps: spinning, heat shrinking, carbonization, graphitization (when high tensile modulus is more important than tensile strength), and forming into textile fibers. For fabrication into structural components, the fibers must be bonded to form a composite. Thermoplastic matrix materials of polyamide resin are E. I. du Pont de Nemour's K-polymers, Amoco Chemicals Corp's Torlon, and PMR-15 of NASA's Lewis Research Center.
An Obstacle Avoidance Method of Soccer Robot Based on Evolutionary Artificial Potential Field (2012)

In order to solve the problems that local minimum, path planning in obstacles, and optimizing global obstacle avoidance path, the paper proposed a new obstacle avoidance method. In this method, used the grid method to describe the information of obstacles environment, utilized the evolutionary artificial potential field method to optimize obstacle avoidance path. The simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
Taxi Automation Using Real Time Adaptive Scheduling (2014)

the taxi dispatch problem involves assigning taxis to requester waiting at different locations. A dispatch system currently in use by a major cab service provider divides the city (in which the system operate s) into regional dispatch areas. Each area has fixed assigned adjacent areas hand - coded by human experts. When a local area does not have bare cabs, the system chooses an adjacent area to search. However, such fixed, hand - coded adjacency of areas cannot be a prudent indicator because it does not take into consideration frequent changes in traffic patterns and road structure. This causes dispatch officials to limit the system by manually enforcing movement on taxis. The proposed system dynamically modifies t he adjacency of dispatch areas . The proposed technique will decrease the total waiting time, is less in comparison with the present system and increases taxi utilization in comparison with results of the simulation without self - organization. Interestingly, research work also discovers that human intervention (by either the taxi - dispatch officials or the taxi drivers), to manually overcome the drawbacks of the existing dispatch system can be counterproductive when used with a self - organizing system.
A method for spectral transposition of speech signal applicable in profound hearing loss (2002)

Experiments that have been carried out by the authors so far point out that locating the essential components of the speech signal in a low frequency band can improve the speech intelligibility of some hearing impaired people. It is caused by the fact that such persons can maintain their hearing ability in this range of frequencies. The experiments were performed with the use of an electronic device operating in real-time with an algorithm for lowering the audio signals frequency. The satisfactory results of these tests encouraged them to run a research project that involves designing a new digital speech processor and elaborating an advanced algorithm for the spectral transposition of speech. The paper presents a new concept of a hearing aid employing the spectral transposition method. It presents the general scheme of the vocoder-based transposition of speech signals and gives a brief description of the new speech processor implementing this method.
Manganese(III)-Based Oxidative Free-Radical Cyclizations (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManganese(III)-Based Oxidative Free-Radical CyclizationsBarry B. SniderView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1, 339–364Publication Date (Web):February 1, 1996Publication History Received26 June 1995Revised27 September 1995Published online1 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950026mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950026mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15483Altmetric-Citations783LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Oxidation,Oxidative cyclization Get e-Alerts
Hydrogenation of Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber Catalyzed by Ru(CHCHPh)Cl(CO)(PCy<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2004)

Abstract Summary: The hydrogenation of a copolymer of styrene and butadiene (SBR) catalyzed by Ru(CHCHPh)Cl(CO)(PCy 3 ) 2 was experimentally investigated within the temperature range of 120–160 °C, at P of 300–1 200 psi, and a catalyst concentration of 10–78 × 10 −6 M . Special attention was paid to minimizing the catalyst metal residue and crosslinking in the product. The results indicated that high‐quality hydrogenated SBR was achieved without crosslinking and the metal residue was less than 7 ppm without a post‐treatment. IR spectra of the styrene–butadiene rubber before (a) and after (b) hydrogenation with the Ru(CHCHPh)Cl(CO)(PCy 3 ) 2 catalyst were observed as reported here. The disappearance of all characteristic absorbencies of CC (724, 910, 967, and 994 cm −1 ) suggests nearly quantitative hydrogenation of the CC bonds. image IR spectra of the styrene–butadiene rubber before (a) and after (b) hydrogenation with the Ru(CHCHPh)Cl(CO)(PCy 3 ) 2 catalyst were observed as reported here. The disappearance of all characteristic absorbencies of CC (724, 910, 967, and 994 cm −1 ) suggests nearly quantitative hydrogenation of the CC bonds.
Analysis of Expression of Human Mammary Epithelial Antigens in Normal and Malignant Breast Cells at the Single Cell Level by Flow Cytofluorimetry (1981)

The expression of cell-type specific antigens on the surface of human mammary epithelial cells (HME antigens) is analyzed at the single cell level by flow cytofluorimetry. Methods are described to deal with two technical difficulties that have hampered the quantitation of surface antigens on cells from primary cultures by flow cytofluorimetry, namely, cell clumping and the presence of several cell types. By staining the cells simultaneously with two different fluorescent markers: the cell surface HME antigens with fluorescein-tagged antibodies (green fluorescence) and the cell DNA with propidium iodide (red fluorescence), it was possible to determine the expression of HME antigens per unit DNA, analyze their expression on breast cells in mixed populations, and analyze their expression in different phases of the cell cycle. The HME antigens were diminished in malignant breast epithelial cells as compared to their normal counterpart.
Some of the Early Story: The Beginnings of the Association for Christians in Student Development (2012)

A reasonable critique of American student affairs is that the profession does not utilize its heritage and history. The profession leans heavily on the praxis of its responsibilities to the detriment that it has a long history and those who worked diligently in years past have made what happens today possible. The Association for Christians in Student Development has a significant history. Some of it parallels contemporary culture, while some of it is unique. However, the current association reflects the vision of early "pioneers." This article seeks to begin filling the gap, provide a sense of how the association arose and honor those who had a vision and pursued it.
Theory of Particle Formation and Growth in Oxide Synthesis Flames (1971)

Abstract This work discusses those factors which determine ultimate particle size in the synthesis of pyrogenic silica. Pyrogenic or fumed silicas are produced commercially through the combustion of a premixed stream of silicon tetrachloride, hydrogen and air. Because of their minute size, silica particles assume translational velocities and collision frequencies characteristic of large gas molecules. When chemical reaction and nucleation times are short relative to the total formation period; growth, theoretically, approaches a rate which is independent of the early history of the system and is determined solely by the frequency of Brownian collisions. Under these conditions, the logarithm of particle size is directly proportional to the logarithm of growth time. In commercial flames, secondary air is inducted into the flame jet, causing particles to cool below their fusion temperature. Under such circumstances, the growth time and thus the ultimate particle size is a strong function of initial flame temperature. Theoretical disappearance rates have been formulated using a Brownian collision-coalescence model and are compared with results obtained from a commercial burner operating at a variety of flame temperatures and concentrations. Inspection of the literature suggests that the collision-coalescence mechanism of growth applies to numerous other oxide and carbon forming flames where reactions are fast relative to quench times, supersaturation ratios are high and particles are small relative to mean-free molecular paths.
Mutations in a Gene Encoding the α Subunit of a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> G Protein Indicate a Role in Mating Pheromone Signaling (1988)

Mutations which allowed conjugation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking a mating pheromone receptor gene were selected. One of the genes defined by such mutations was isolated from a yeast genomic library by complementation of a temperature-sensitive mutation and is identical to the gene GPA1 (also known as SCG1), recently shown to be highly homologous to genes encoding the alpha subunits of mammalian G proteins. Physiological analysis of temperature-sensitive gpa1 mutations suggests that the encoded G protein is involved in signaling in response to mating pheromones. Mutational disruption of G-protein activity causes cell-cycle arrest in G1, deposition of mating-specific cell surface agglutinins, and induction of pheromone-specific mRNAs, all of which are responses to pheromone in wild-type cells. In addition, mutants can conjugate without the benefit of mating pheromone or pheromone receptor. A model is presented where the activated G protein has a negative impact on a constitutive signal which normally keeps the pheromone response repressed.
Study on curing kinetics of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin/microencapsulated curing agent system (2012)

A modified imidazole curing agent, EMI-g-BGE, was encapsulated for one-package of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin system. Polyetherimide (PEI) was used as the wall material, and the emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to form the microcapsules. The morphology and particle size distribution of microcapsules were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mastersizer analyzer. Microcapsules exhibited spherical shapes and the mean particle size was about 745 nm. The curing kinetic of DGEBA/microcapsules curing agent was studied by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique at different heating rates. Dynamic DSC scans indicated the microcapsule was an effective curing agent of epoxy resin. The apparent activation energy E a was 88.03 kJ/mol calculated through Kissinger method, more than DGEBA/EMI-g-BGE system. This microcapsule of EMI-g-BGE exhibited a long shelf life, and the curing did not occur in this epoxy-microcapsule resin system for more than 3months at room temperature. The kinetic parameters were determined by Málek method and a two-parameter ( m, n) autocatalytic model (Šesták–Berggren equation) was found to be the most adequate selected kinetic model, which showed the encapsulation of the curing agent EMI-g-BGE did not change the cure reaction mechanism of the epoxy resin system. From the experimental data, the nonisothermal DSC curves show the results being in accordant with those theoretically calculated.
Reactor physics behavior of transuranic-bearing TRISO-particle fuel in a pressurized water reactor (2012)

Calculations have been performed to assess the neutronic behavior of pins of Fully-Ceramic Micro-encapsulated (FCM) fuel in otherwise-conventional Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel pins. The FCM fuel contains transuranic (TRU)-only oxide fuel in tri-isotropic (TRISO) particles with the TRU loading coming from the spent fuel of a conventional LWR after 5 years of cooling. Use of the TRISO particle fuel would provide an additional barrier to fission product release in the event of cladding failure. Depletion calculations were performed to evaluate reactivity-limited burnup of the TRU-only FCM fuel. These calculations showed that due to relatively little space available for fuel, the achievable burnup with these pins alone is quite small. Various reactivity parameters were also evaluated at each burnup step including moderator temperature coefficient (MTC), Doppler, and soluble boron worth. These were compared to reference UO{sub 2} and MOX unit cells. The TRU-only FCM fuel exhibits degraded MTC and Doppler coefficients relative to UO{sub 2} and MOX. Also, the reactivity effects of coolant voiding suggest that the behavior of this fuel would be similar to a MOX fuel of very high plutonium fraction, which are known to have positive void reactivity. In general, loading of TRU-only FCM fuel into an assembly without significant quantities of uranium presents challenges to the reactor design. However, if such FCM fuel pins are included in a heterogeneous assembly alongside LEU fuel pins, the overall reactivity behavior would be dominated by the uranium pins while attractive TRU destruction performance levels in the TRU-only FCM fuel pins is. From this work, it is concluded that use of heterogeneous assemblies such as these appears feasible from a preliminary reactor physics standpoint.
An evaluation of keyword extraction from online communication for the\n characterisation of social relations (2014)

The set of interpersonal relationships on a social network service or a\nsimilar online community is usually highly heterogenous. The concept of tie\nstrength captures only one aspect of this heterogeneity. Since the unstructured\ntext content of online communication artefacts is a salient source of\ninformation about a social relationship, we investigate the utility of keywords\nextracted from the message body as a representation of the relationship's\ncharacteristics as reflected by the conversation topics. Keyword extraction is\nperformed using standard natural language processing methods. Communication\ndata and human assessments of the extracted keywords are obtained from Facebook\nusers via a custom application. The overall positive quality assessment\nprovides evidence that the keywords indeed convey relevant information about\nthe relationship.\n
Engine Air-Brakes for Quiet Air Transport (2007)

A key operational aspect of future aircraft may be a slow and steep, “clean-airframe” approach trajectory, both to reduce source noise and to increase propagation attenuation on approach. In previous work, we have demonstrated that a ram air driven device that provides swirling outflow from a duct, a so-called swirl tube, offers the potential for quiet drag to enable such trajectories. The idea is that a steady streamwise vortex at the duct outlet is relatively quiet and is supported by a radial pressure gradient that results in pressure drag. The noise-drag relationship of the swirl tube may be contrasted with conventional high-drag devices such as flaps, slats, and landing gear, that are suggested to have a strong correlation between drag and noise. The present paper provides a quantification of the benefits and a description of the challenges associated with implementation and integration of such devices into an airframe/propulsion system. A comparison between the ram air driven swirl tube and an upstream fan stage driven swirl tube, a so-called engine air-brake, suggests that the increased mass flow ingested by a pumping fan stage upstream of a set of ducted swirl vanes increases effective drag capability. A full-scale ram air driven swirl tube is found to have a noise signature well below other sources on a typical airframe/propulsion system. Fan stage pumping is expected to increase the engine air-brake noise to a level that must be quantified in future experiments and compared to the existing sources on the aircraft to assess system level feasibility. Simple scaling law estimates suggest that such devices may still maintain noise signatures below other airframe/propulsion system sources when integrated into ultra-high bypass ratio turbofans with low approach idle pressure ratios. We envision deployable swirl vanes located in the bypass or mixer section of such engines that create effective drag coefficients of about 3 based on throughflow area- enough to steepen a conventional three degree approach glideslope to about six degrees, with a 6 dB potential overall noise reduction. This device concept may be compatible with a thrust reverser system, whereby the deployed vanes can completely close on landing to serve as blocker doors.
Hybrid DWT-DCT algorithm for biomedical image and video compression applications (2010)

Digital image and video in their raw form require an enormous amount of storage capacity. Considering the important role played by digital imaging and video in medical and health science, it is necessary to develop a system that produces high degree of compression while preserving critical image/video information. In this paper, we present a hybrid algorithm that performs the discrete cosine transform on the discrete wavelet transform coefficients. Simulation has been carried out on several medical and endoscopic images and videos. The results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm performs much better in term of peak-signal-to-noise-ratio with a higher compression ratio compared to standalone DCT and DWT algorithms. The scheme is intended to be used as the image/video compressor engine in medical imaging and video applications, such as, telemedicine and wireless capsule endoscopy.
MP0250, a VEGF and HGF neutralizing DARPin® molecule shows high anti-tumor efficacy in mouse xenograft and patient-derived tumor models (2017)

// Ulrike Fiedler 1 , Savira Ekawardhani 1 , Andreas Cornelius 1 , Pat Gilboy 1, 2 , Talitha R. Bakker 1, 3 , Ignacio Dolado 1, 4 , Michael T. Stumpp 1 and Keith M. Dawson 1 1 Molecular Partners AG, Schlieren, Switzerland 2 Horizon Pharma, Dublin, Ireland 3 Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland 4 Roche, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence to: Keith M. Dawson, email: info@molecularpartners.com Keywords: VEGF, HGF, serum albumin, DARPin ® , patient-derived xenograft Received: July 13, 2017      Accepted: September 21, 2017      Published: October 11, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: The VEGF/VEGFR and the HGF/cMET pathways are key mediators of the interplay of tumor cells and their microenvironment. However, inhibition of VEGF has been shown to produce only limited clinical benefit and inhibition of the activation of cMET by HGF has not translated into clinical benefit in pivotal trials. MP0250, a DARPin ® molecule that specifically inhibits both VEGF and HGF has been developed to explore the clinical potential of dual inhibition of these pathways. Results: MP0250 binding to VEGF and HGF inhibited downstream signalling through VEGFR2 and cMET resulting in inhibition of proliferation of VEGF- and HGF-dependent cells. Antitumor activity was demonstrated in VEGF- and HGF-dependent xenograft and syngeneic models with activity superior to that of individual VEGF- and HGF-blocking DARPin ® molecules. Combination therapy studies showed potentiation of the antitumor activity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy agents, including an anti-PD1 antibody. Materials and Methods: Potency of MP0250 was assessed in cellular models and in a variety of xenograft models as monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care drugs. Conclusions: Dual inhibition of VEGF and HGF by MP0250 produced powerful single agent and combination antitumor activity. This, together with increasing understanding of the role of the HGF/cMET pathway in resistance to VEGF (and other agents), supports testing of MP0250 in the clinic.
Coordination of opposite-polarity microtubule motors (2002)

Many cargoes move bidirectionally, frequently reversing course between plus- and minus-end microtubule travel. For such cargoes, the extent and importance of interactions between the opposite-polarity motors is unknown. In this paper we test whether opposite-polarity motors on lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos are coordinated and avoid interfering with each other's activity, or whether they engage in a tug of war. To this end we impaired the minus-end transport machinery using dynein and dynactin mutations, and then investigated whether plus-end motion was improved or disrupted. We observe a surprisingly severe impairment of plus-end motion due to these alterations of minus-end motor activity. These observations are consistent with a coordination hypothesis, but cannot be easily explained with a tug of war model. Our measurements indicate that dynactin plays a crucial role in the coordination of plus- and minus-end-directed motors. Specifically, we propose that dynactin enables dynein to participate efficiently in bidirectional transport, increasing its ability to stay "on" during minus-end motion and keeping it "off" during plus-end motion.
Substrate integrated waveguide elliptic filter with transmission line inserted inverter (2005)

A planar waveguide elliptic filter with a transmission line inserted inverter is proposed. This inline filter based on a substrate integrated waveguide is fabricated by the standard PCB process. Simulated results are compared with measured data and good agreement is reported.