gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel silicon array designed for intraoperative charged particle imaging (2002)

A novel Si-PIN imaging array is under investigation for a charged particle (beta, positron, or alpha) sensitive intraoperative camera to be used for (residual) tumor identification during surgery. This class of collimator-less nuclear imaging device has a higher signal response for direct interactions than its scintillator-optical detector-based counterparts. Monte Carlo simulations with 635 keV betas were performed, yielding maximum and projected ranges of 1.64 and 0.55 mm in Si. Up to 90% of these betas were completely absorbed in the first 0.30 mm. Based on these results, 300 microm thick prototype Si detector arrays were designed in a 16 x 16 crossed-grid arrangement with 0.8 mm wide orthogonal strips on 1.0 mm pitch. A NIM- and CAMAC-based high-density data acquisition and processing system was used to collect the list mode data. The system was calibrated by comparisons of measured spectra to energy deposition simulations or by direct measurement of various >100 keV conversion electron or beta emitters. Mean electronic noise per strip was <3.6 keV FWHM at room temperature. When detecting positrons, which have an accompanying 511 keV annihilation background, the flood irradiated beta/gamma ratio was approximately 40, indicating that beta images could be made without the use of background rejection techniques. The intrinsic spatial resolution corresponds to the 1 x 1 mm2 pixel size, and measurements of beta emitting point and line sources yielded FWHM resolutions of 1.5 (lateral) and 2.5 mm (diagonal), respectively, with the larger widths due to particle range blurting effects. Deconvolution of the finite source size yielded intrinsic resolutions that corresponded to the image pixel size. Transmission images of circle and line phantoms with various hole sizes and pitch were resolved with either pure beta or positron irradiation without a background correction. This novel semiconductor imaging device facilitates high charged particle and low gamma sensitivity, high signal/noise ratio, and allows for compact design to potentially aid surgical guidance by providing in situ images of clinical relevance.
Symmetric Pixel-Group Based Stereo Matching for Occlusion Handling (2006)

In this paper, we propose a symmetric pixel-group stereo model for handling occlusion in a segment-based style. Firstly, both images are segmented based on color, disparity, and the segments of the other image sequencely. Then the uniqueness constraint is embodied in pixel-group level. Finally, a symmetric belief propagation (BP) optimization framework is used to find correspondence and occlusions simultaneously. Results obtained for benchmark indicate that the proposed method is able to compete with the state-of-the-art-algorithms
Defect and error tolerance in the presence of massive numbers of defects (2004)

As scaling approaches the physical limits of devices, we will continue to see increasing levels of process variations, noise, and defect densities. Many applications today can tolerate certain levels of errors resulting from such factors. We introduce a new approach for error tolerance resulting in chips containing only error acceptable for such applications.
Convolutional Codes and Their Performance in Communication Systems (1971)

This tutorial paper begins with an elementary presentation of the fundamental properties and structure of convolutional codes and proceeds with the development of the maximum likelihood decoder. The powerful tool of generating function analysis is demonstrated to yield for arbitrary codes both the distance properties and upper bounds on the bit error probability for communication over any memoryless channel. Previous results on code ensemble average error probabilities are also derived and extended by these techniques. Finally, practical considerations concerning finite decoding memory, metric representation, and synchronization are discussed.
PORTABLE CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIERS: STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (1980)

Types of portable concrete median barriers (CMBs) in use in the United States are described primarily in terms of structural details and the load-bearing characteristics of their end connections. Twelve end-connection designs are analyzed to produce estimates of their resistance to loads in four test conditions: simple tension, shear, yaw moment, and torsion. Rotational connection slack is estimated from the geometric properties of the different end connections. Nine crash tests conducted by four research agencies are examined. These tests cover a range of barrier lengths from 3.81 to 9.14 m (12.5-30 ft) and a range of connection details that vary from low to significant load capacity. The crash tests vary in intensity from a 7 deg test at 104.6 km/h (65 miles/h) to a 25 deg test at 99.8 km/h (62 miles/h). Analysis of these tests yields specific conclusions on the performance of CMBs. An energy analysis of portable CMBs during vehicle impacts is presented. Estimates of barrier deflection derived from this analysis check closely with deflections observed during crash tests. A parametric study of the influence of various barrier characteristics, including barrier length and mass, connection slack and strength, and support media static and sliding friction, is also presented. Based on this analysis, portable CMBs can now be designed to provide specific performance characteristics. (Authors)
Conformational dynamics control ubiquitin-deubiquitinase interactions and influence in vivo signaling (2013)

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein that interacts with a diverse set of partners to act as a cellular signaling hub. Ubiquitin's conformational flexibility has been postulated to underlie its multifaceted recognition. Here we use computational and library-based means to interrogate core mutations that modulate the conformational dynamics of human ubiquitin. These ubiquitin variants exhibit increased affinity for the USP14 deubiquitinase, with concomitantly reduced affinity for other deubiquitinases. Strikingly, the kinetics of conformational motion are dramatically slowed in these variants without a detectable change in either the ground state fold or excited state population. These variants can be ligated into substrate-linked chains in vitro and in vivo but cannot solely support growth in eukaryotic cells. Proteomic analyses reveal nearly identical interaction profiles between WT ubiquitin and the variants but identify a small subset of altered interactions. Taken together, these results show that conformational dynamics are critical for ubiquitin-deubiquitinase interactions and imply that the fine tuning of motion has played a key role in the evolution of ubiquitin as a signaling hub.
Current State of Interferon Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C (1994)

The current status of interferon (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C is presented, focusing on the results of studies in Japan. Depending on the IFN treatment regimen used in chronic hepatitis C, it is possible to eradicate HCV in a relatively high percentage of patients (about 40%) and to achieve a cure for chronic hepatitis C. The objective of treatment should therefore be the eradication of HCV. The efficacy of IFN in chronic hepatitis C is dependent on the dosage of IFN, duration of treatment, liver histology findings, serum HCV-RNA levels, and HCV genotype. Besides a flu-like syndrome, many adverse reactions are associated with high-dose, long-term IFN treatment. However, as a rule, full recovery or improvement follows prompt withdrawal of IFN. By modification of the IFN, it will be possible to reduce adverse reactions and to create a more effective IFN to further enhance the effect of IFN in chronic hepatitis C.
Characterization of the Inflammatory Response to a Highly Selective PDE4 Inhibitor in the Rat and the Identification of Biomarkers that Correlate with Toxicity (2006)

The primary toxicity associated with repeated oral administration of the PDE4 inhibitor IC542 to the rat is an inflammatory response leading to tissue damage primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery. Although necrotizing vasculitis is frequently seen with other PDE4 inhibitors, blood vessel injury was rare following IC542 administration and was always associated with inflammation in the surrounding tissue. The incidence and severity of the histologic changes in these studies correlated with elevated peripheral blood leukocytes, serum IL-6, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen, and with decreased serum albumin. By monitoring haptoglobin, fibrinogen and serum albumin changes in IC542-treated rats, it was possible to identify rats with early histologic changes that were reversible. Since PDE4 inhibition is generally associated with anti-inflammatory activity, extensive inflammation in multiple tissues was unexpected with IC542. Co-administration of dexamethasone completely blocked IC542-induced clinical and histologic changes in the rat, confirming the toxicity resulted from inflammatory response. In addition, IC542 augmented release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in LPS-activated whole blood from rats but not monkeys or humans. The effect of IC542 on IL-6 release from rat leukocytes in vitro is consistent with the proinflammatory response observed in vivo and demonstrates species differences to PDE4 inhibition.
Laser marking of thin organic films (1992)

The threshold marking response of a laser-irradiated dye-polymer thin film is described by a simple, thermally thresholding model. The apparent loss of thermal reciprocity is related to active reflectance changes during mark formation. It is shown that incorporation of measured differences between physical and optically detected mark lengths are required for the model to accurately replicate the subsequent marking response. A theoretical expression is derived that permits the estimation of media thermal diffusivity from the measured marking response.
Comparison of irreversible deformation and yielding in microlayers of polycarbonate with poly(methylmethacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (2000)

Microlayers of polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) were processed with varying layer thicknesses. Adhesion between PC and PMMA was found to be an order of magnitude higher than between PC and SAN, as determined with the T-peel method. To probe the effect of the adhesion difference on yielding and deformation of PC/PMMA and PC/SAN microlayers, the macroscopic stress–strain behavior was examined as a function of layer thickness and strain rate, and the results were interpreted in terms of the microdeformation behavior. During yielding, crazes in thick SAN layers opened up into cracks; however, PC layers drew easily because local delamination relieved constraint at the PC/SAN interface. Adhesion of PC/PMMA was too strong for delamination at the interface when PMMA crazes opened up into cracks at low strain rates. Instead, PMMA cracks tore into neighboring PC layers and initiated fracture. At higher strain rates, good adhesion produced yielding of thick PMMA layers, a phenomenon not observed with thick SAN layers. The change in microdeformation mechanism of PMMA with increasing strain rate produced a transition in the yield stress of PC/PMMA microlayers. Microlayers of both PC/SAN and PC/PMMA with thinner layers (individual layers 0.3–0.6 μm thick) exhibited improved ballistic performance compared to microlayers with thicker layers (individual layers 10–20 μm thick), which was due to cooperative yielding of both components. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1545–1557, 2000
Change in synthesis rates of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains in rabbit heart after treatment with thyroid hormone. (1983)

The ventricles of rabbit heart contain three isomyosins (V1, V2, and V3) whose proportions change during development, and after treatment with thyroid hormone. The V1 isomyosin accumulates rapidly after administration of thyroid hormone and we have shown that this results from marked change in the synthesis rates of the heavy chains of both V1 (HC alpha) and V3 (HC beta). The fractional rates of synthesis were calculated from the specific radioactivities of leucine in plasma and in HC alpha and HC beta after continuous infusion with [3H] leucine for 1 h. The V1 and V3 isomyosins were separated by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies and the heavy chains were then isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis. In 32- to 35-day-old euthyroid rabbits, the fractional rates of synthesis of the two heavy chains were not significantly different with a combined mean rate of 0.14 day-1. Administration of 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (200 micrograms/kg/day) caused a 3-fold increase in the synthesis rate of HC alpha and a comparable decrease in that of HC beta. The fractional synthesis rate of atrial myosin heavy chain also changed when 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine was administered, increasing from 0.15 day-1 to an average of 0.20 day-1 after 1 day of treatment. This was not accompanied by any change in the heavy chain type as determined by radioimmunoassay.
Evaluation of transcriptional fusions with green fluorescent protein versus luciferase as reporters in bacterial mutagenicity tests (1999)

A bacterial plasmid was constructed on which the regulatory region of the umuC gene of Escherichia coli was fused to the coding sequence of the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Escherichia coli AB1157 strains carrying the plasmid emitted fluorescence in the presence of mutagens that induce the SOS DNA repair system. Data on tests with nitrosoguanidine, methylmethane sulphonate and UV radiation (254 nm) are presented. Although fluorescent detection using this system was not as rapid or sensitive as a similar luminescent equivalent (umuC-luxAB), the gfp reporter system was more robust. Escherichia coli umu gene induction was also analysed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 cells following plasmid transfer and exposure to the same range of mutagens. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between the two species. These preliminary results will provide the basis for development of mutagenicity test systems useful in the testing of complex mixtures, such as environmental samples, and the investigation of physiological parameters influencing spontaneous mutagenesis in bacteria.
Differential NF-κB pathways induction by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance (2009)

How do we acquire immune tolerance against food microorganisms and commensal bacteria that constitute the intestinal microbiota? We investigated this by stimulating the immune system of adults with commensal Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. We studied the in vivo human responses to L. plantarum in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Healthy adults ingested preparations of living and heat-killed L. plantarum bacteria. Biopsies were taken from the intestinal duodenal mucosa and altered expression profiles were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays and by biological pathway reconstructions. Expression profiles of human mucosa displayed striking differences in modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent pathways, notably after consumption of living L. plantarum bacteria in different growth phases. Our in vivo study identified mucosal gene expression patterns and cellular pathways that correlated with the establishment of immune tolerance in healthy adults.
Chip cards-the application revolution (2002)

Chip card ICs are facing an exciting future: the most progressive semiconductor technologies are allowing the manufacture of increasingly smaller chips of higher performance and, together with innovative production concepts, providing the prerequisite for applications on chip cards that have previously been undreamed of. The future will lead us from the present 'chip on card' to the 'system on card', a highly secure pocket-size computer with up to 64 Mbytes of memory that will feature diverse interfaces such as a display, a keyboard, a loudspeaker, a solar cell, as well as biometric sensors. Chip cards will play a central role in the global information and service society of the future.
A CONSTRUÇÃO SOCIAL DOS PROBLEMAS AMBIENTAIS: O CASO DO ICMS ECOLÓGICO NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ (2011)

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma discussao teorica acerca da construcao social dos problemas ambientais na perspectiva de John A. Hannigan (1995), e como tais problemas podem transformar-se em politicas publicas ambientais. Para este estudo, em especial, destaca-se a Lei complementar no 59 do ICMS Ecologico no Estado do Parana. Esta lei contribui para que um problema ambiental, interferente na vida coletiva, tenha tanto respaldo politico quanto cientifico, social e ainda, com subsidios para diminuicao dos impactos.
Alkenylbiphenyls. I. o-Substituted (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkenylbiphenyls. I. o-SubstitutedJ. R. Dice, T. E. Watkins, and H. L. SchumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4, 1738–1740Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01160a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of substrate and transition-state analog complexes in crystals of phosphoglucomutase after removing the crystallization salt (1991)

Crystals of phosphoglucomutase, grown in 2.1 M ammonium sulfate, "desalted", and suspended in a 30% polyoxyethylene-8000/1 M glycine solution as described in the accompanying paper [Ray, W. J., Jr., Puvathingal, J. M., Bolin, J. T., Minor, W., Liu, Y., & Muchmore, S. W. (1991) Biochemistry 30 (preceding paper in this issue)], were treated with glucose phosphates to form an equilibrium mixture of the catalytically active substrate/product complexes. However, this treatment extensively fractured the crystals, even when very dilute solutions of glucose phosphates were used. But formation of the desired complexes was achieved, without fracturing, by introducing the glucose phosphates at high salt concentration, where they do not bind significantly to the enzyme, and maintaining their presence during subsequent sulfate-removal steps, in order to obtain essentially uniform binding throughout the crystal at all times. Although this procedure produced unfractured crystals of the catalytically active complexes, an adjustment in water activity was required to prevent the crystals from slowly liquefying in the presence of the added glucose phosphates. After this adjustment, the quality of diffraction-grade crystals subjected to this treatment was not significantly altered. An even larger adjustment in water activity was required to stabilize crystals that had been largely converted into a mixture of vanadate-based transition-state analogue complexes [cf. Ray, W. J., Jr., & Puvathingal, J. M. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 2790-2801] by means of an analogous procedure. The rationale for, and the implications of, this adjustment of water activity are discussed. The phenomenon of lattice-based binding cooperativity also is discussed together with a possible role for such cooperativity in the fracturing of protein crystals during formation of ligand complexes and possible ways to circumvent such fracturing based on the annealing of crystals at fractional saturation. An assay for quantifying the extent of formation of the vanadate-based transition-state analogue complexes in crystals of phosphoglucomutase is described. A solution to problems associated with producing and maintaining a steady-state in treated crystals is discussed within the context of maximizing the fraction of the crystalline enzyme present as a complex with one such inhibitor, glucose alpha-1-phosphate-6-vanadate. One of these problems, achieving a substantial reduction in sulfate concentration, could not be successfully addressed by employing the desalting procedure used to produce the substrate/product complexes, because of reduced diffusional rates in the final solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Genetic <i>ACE</i> I/D Polymorphism and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation (2013)

Left atrial enlargement and the ACE DD polymorphism are predictors for AF recurrence after catheter ablation. The association between the ACE DD polymorphism and AF recidivism supports the use of genetic data for predicting response to AF therapies and highlights the role of fibrosis in AF development.
Polymers for high technology: Electronics and photonics; Proceedings of the Symposium, Anaheim, CA, Sept. 7-12, 1986 (1987)

Topics discussed in this volume include the radiation chemistry of polymers, resist materials for electron and X-ray lithography, resist materials and processing for optical lithography, etch resistance of polymers in plasma environments, polymers in photonic applications and developments, high-temperature polymers for dielectric applications, polymers for electronics packaging and interconnection, and conducting polymers. Papers are presented on the primary action of ionizing radiation on condensed systems, phenolic resin-based negative electron-beam resists, soluble polysilanes in photolithography, a simulation of resist profiles for 0.5-micron photolithography at 248 nm, and the oxygen ion etching resistance of organosilicon polymers. Consideration is also given to polymer materials for optical fiber coating, polyimides in microelectronics, stress analysis of the silicon chip-plastic encapsulant interface, and band-structure calculations on polymeric chains.
What is a "compomer"? (1999)

"Compomers" are recently introduced products marketed as a new class of dental materials. These materials are said to provide the combined benefits of composites (the "comp" in their name) and glass ionomers ("omer"). Based on a critical review of the literature, the author argues that "compomers" do not represent a new class of dental materials but are merely a marketing name given to a dental composite.