gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New and Practical Synthetic Method for the Synthesis of 6-O-Methyl-scutellarein: One Metabolite of Scutellarin in Vivo (2015)

Scutellarin (1) has been used for the treatment of angina pectoris, cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease with a large market share in China. Pharmacokinetic studies on scutellarin showed that scutellarin (1) is readily converted into its metabolites in vivo. In this paper, a new and practical synthetic method for the synthesis of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) (one metabolite of scutellarin in vivo) is reported. The benzyl bromide was firstly used to selectively replace the acetyl group at C-7 in 7, and was then used to protect the hydroxy groups at C-4' in 10, 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) is obtained in high yield through these methods.
C++ neural networks and fuzzy logic (1994)

The extensively revised and updated edition provides a logical and easy-to-follow progression through C++ programming for two of the most popular technologies for artificial intelligence--neural and fuzzy programming. The authors cover theory as well as practical examples, giving programmers a solid foundation as well as working examples with reusable code.
Targeting the mycobacterial envelope for tuberculosis drug development (2012)

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses a rather unique outer membrane composed largely of lipids that possess long-chain and branched fatty acids, called mycolic acids. These lipids form a permeability barrier that prevents entry of many environmental solutes, thereby making these bacteria acid-fast and able to survive extremely hostile surroundings. Antitubercular drugs must penetrate this layer to reach their target. This review highlights drug development efforts that have added to the slowly growing tuberculosis drug pipeline, identified new enzyme activities to target with drugs and increased the understanding of important biosynthetic pathways for mycobacterial outer membrane and cell wall core assembly. In addition, a portion of this review looks at discovery efforts aimed at weakening this barrier to decrease mycobacterial virulence, decrease fitness in the host or enhance the efficacy of the current drug repertoire by disrupting the permeability barrier.
Cell type-specific role of Raftlin in the regulation of endosomal TLR signaling (2016)

Clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway is crucial for cell entry of extracellular pathogens and their components. The innate immune system utilizes this pathway to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within endosomes. In the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, cargo selection depends on AP-2 adaptor and its accessory proteins, but the molecular mechanism of PAMP selection to be internalized is largely unknown. The endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8, and 9 recognize viral or bacterial nucleic acids, as well as host-derived nucleic acids incorporated into the endosomal compartments, where type I interferon (IFN)-producing signals are arisen. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor TLR4 transmits signals to produce IFN-b from endosomes after the clathrin-dependent endocytosis of LPS-TLR4. The cytosolic protein Raftlin that possesses membrane-anchoring motif mediates cellular uptake of TLR3/4 ligands in human cells through association with clathrin-AP-2 complex. Raftlin was first identified as a major raft protein in B cells that modulates B-cell or T-cell receptor-mediated signaling. In this review, we will focus on the Raftlin function in innate immunity and discuss the molecular mechanisms of cellular uptake and delivery of TLR ligands.
Part II: Textile Properties of Fabric Modified by Reaction with Phenyl Isocyanate (1962)

Cotton print cloth modified by reaction with phenyl isocyanate in either pyridine or N,N-dimethylformamide has slightly enhanced breaking strength and elongation. The treated fabrics show good rot resistance but poor resistance to degradation by outdoor weathering. The isocyanate treatment gives a fabric of lower moisture regain and good stability to home laundering. For a given reaction, solvent degradation of the treated fabrics by chlorine bleaching and scorching bears an inverse relation to the nitrogen content of the fabrics in the range studied.
Structural and functional evolution of chitinase‐like proteins from plants (2015)

The plant genome contains a large number of sequences that encode catalytically inactive chitinases referred to as chitinase-like proteins (CLPs). Although CLPs share high sequence and structural homology with chitinases of glycosyl hydrolase 18 (TIM barrel domain) and 19 families, they may lack the binding/catalytic activity. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that gene duplication events followed by mutation in the existing chitinase gene have resulted in the loss of activity. The evidences show that adaptive functional diversification of the CLPs has been achieved through alterations in the flexible regions than in the rigid structural elements. The CLPs plays an important role in the defense response against pathogenic attack, biotic and abiotic stress. They are also involved in the growth and developmental processes of plants. Since the physiological roles of CLPs are similar to chitinase, such mutations have led to plurifunctional enzymes. The biochemical and structural characterization of the CLPs is essential for understanding their roles and to develop potential utility in biotechnological industries. This review sheds light on the structure-function evolution of CLPs from chitinases.
Angular intensity of a gas-phase field ionization source (1979)

Angular intensities of 1 μA sr−1 have been measured for a gas-phase field ionization source in an optical column under practical operating conditions. The source, which was differentially pumped and cooled to 77 K, utilized a 〈110〉-oriented iridium emitter and precooled hydrogen gas at 10−2 Torr. The ion beam was collimated with an electrostatic lens and detected below an aperture subtending 0.164 msr. A transmitted current of ∼10−10 A was measured at voltages corresponding to a field of ?2.2 V/Å at the emitter.
On the Impact of Channel and Channel Quality Estimation on Adaptive Modulation (2002)

The rapid growth in wireless communications has given rise to an increasing demand for channel capacity using limited bandwidth. Wireless channels vary over time due to fading and changing interference conditions. Typical wireless systems are designed by choosing a modulation scheme to meet worst case conditions and thus rely on power control to adapt to changing channel conditions. Adaptive modulation, however, exploits these channel variations to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communications by intelligently changing the modulation scheme based on channel conditions. Necessarily, among the modulation schemes used are spectrally efficient modulation schemes such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) techniques. QAM yields the high spectral efficiency due to its use of amplitude as well as phase modulation and therefore is an effective technique for achieving high channel capacity. The main drawbacks of QAM modulation are its reduced energy efficiency (as compared to standard QPSK) and its sensitivity to channel amplitude variations. Adaptive modulation attempts to address the first drawback by using more energy efficient schemes in low SNR conditions are reserving the use of QAM for high SNR conditions. The second drawback leads to a requirement of high quality channel estimation. Many researchers have studied pilot symbol assisted modulation for compensating the effects of fading at the receiver. A main contribution of this thesis is the investigation of different channel estimation techniques (along with the effect of pilot symbol spacing and Doppler spread) on the performance of adaptive modulation. Another important parameter affecting adaptive modulation is the signal-to-noise ratio. In order to adapt modulation efficiently, it is essential to have accurate knowledge of the channel signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of adaptive modulation depends directly on how well the channel SNR is estimated. The more accurate the estimation of the channel SNR is, the better the choice of modulation scheme becomes, and the better the ability to exploit the variations in the wireless channel is. The second main contribution of this thesis is the investigation of the impact of SNR estimation techniques on the performance and spectral efficiency of adaptive modulation. Further, we investigate the impact of various channel conditions on SNR estimation and the resulting impact on the performance of adaptive modulation. Finally, we investigate long term SNR estimation, its use in adaptive modulation and present a comparison between the two approaches
Isotropic texturing of multicrystalline silicon wafers with acidic texturing solutions (1997)

The limitations associated with the most widely used anisotropic etching techniques in industrial multicrystalline solar cell processes can be reduced by using acidic etching solutions. Optimised etching conditions were found which lower the reflectance from multi-c wafers below levels obtained by anisotropic texturing with NaOH solutions. The surfaces of acidic textured wafers show a very homogeneous distribution of the reflected light. Solar cells produced on acidic textured wafers show higher performance than in the case of alkaline texturing.
TOPLESS Mediates Auxin-Dependent Transcriptional Repression During <i>Arabidopsis</i> Embryogenesis (2008)

The transcriptional response to auxin is critical for root and vascular development during Arabidopsis embryogenesis. Auxin induces the degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors, freeing their binding partners, the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins, which can activate transcription of auxin response genes. We show that TOPLESS (TPL) can physically interact with IAA12/BODENLOS (IAA12/BDL) through an ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF)-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif. TPL can repress transcription in vivo and is required for IAA12/BDL repressive activity. In addition, tpl-1 can suppress the patterning defects of the bdl-1 mutant. Direct interaction between TPL and ARF5/MONOPTEROS, which is regulated by IAA12/BDL, results in a loss-of-function arf5/mp phenotype. These observations show that TPL is a transcriptional co-repressor and further our understanding of how auxin regulates transcription during plant development.
The influence of bulk composition on the diffusivity of carbon dioxide in Na aluminosilicate melts (2002)

The bulk diffusivity of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2 and CO32-) in NaAlSi3O8 + nNa2O (n = 0- 6.87 wt%) and in NaAlSi3O8 + nH2O (n = 0-2 wt%) melts was investigated at 1523 K and 0.5 GPa using the diffusion couple technique. CO2 contents of the starting glass pairs varied between 0 and 0.2 wt%. Symmetrical concentration-distance profiles of bulk CO2 were determined by infrared spectroscopy. An error function was fitted to the profiles to obtain apparent chemical diffusion coefficients of bulk CO2. In the investigated compositional range, the diffusivity of bulk CO2 increases exponentially with Na2O and H2O content and thus exponentially with the ratio of nonbridging oxygen atoms per tetrahedral cations (NBO/ T). The bulk CO2 diffusivity increases from logDCO₂ = -11.38 (DCO₂ in m2/s) in NaAlSi3O8 melt to logDCO₂ = -10.92 in NaAlSi3O8 melts containing 6.87 wt% Na2O excess, and to logDCO₂ = -10.91 in NaAlSi3O8 melts containing 2 wt% H2O. These data imply that either: (1) the diffusivities of the CO2 species (molecular CO2 and CO32-) are very similar, or (2) the speciation of CO2 in the quenched glasses is very different from the speciation in the melt.
Touch as a communicative sense: Introduction (1985)

A brief survey is made of some of the threads of research and theory that have converged upon the problems of application of the touch sense to the task of substituting for the hearing process.
Highly efficient dehalogenation using hydroxyapatite-supported palladium nanocluster catalyst with molecular hydrogen (2004)

A hydroxyapatite-supported Pd nanocluster (PdHAP) efficiently catalysed the dehalogenation of various organic halides in the presence of atmospheric molecular hydrogen; chlorobenzene gave benzene in an excellent TON of 10 000 for 10 h. Moreover, the dehalogenation of halophenols in aqueous conditions was also achieved.
Structural Brain Abnormalities in Bipolar Affective Disorder (1990)

Structural brain abnormalities were examined in a sample of 48 patients with bipolar affective disorder who were compared with 54 schizophrenic patients and 47 normal controls. As in our previous work using computed tomographic scanning, lateral ventricular enlargement was due to a diagnostic effect. In this study, the effect was more prominent in the schizophrenic men, while a trend was seen in the bipolar men. Women in both groups did not differ significantly from normal subjects. This finding is possibly consistent with the fact that men have a higher frequency of birth anomalies such as hydrocephalus. Since one cause of such birth anomalies might be periventricular hemorrhage or infarction, we also evaluated all scans for the presence of small focal regions of signal hyperintensity. A significant increase in the number of focal signal hyperintensities was noted in the bipolar patients, in comparison with normal subjects, but not in the schizophrenics. The bipolar patients with focal signal hyperintensities had a trend toward larger ventricular size than those without. The pathophysiological significance of these findings is unclear.
Attitudes towards implementation of surveillance‐based parasite control on <scp>K</scp> entucky <scp>T</scp> horoughbred farms – Current strategies, awareness and willingness‐to‐pay (2014)

Traditional approaches for equine parasite control are still widely used in the Kentucky Thoroughbred industry. The data suggest that respondents were only willing to make these changes if they could be given assurance that the surveillance-based approach would prevent anthelmintic resistance and decrease health risks significantly for the horses.
Analysis of a Modified Sierpinski Gasket Monopole Antenna Printed on Dual Band Wireless Devices (2004)

The traditional Sierpinski gasket monopole antenna is well known for its multiband behavior, but it cannot be printed on the circuit board of a portable wireless device due to the limited space availability. In this paper a modified Sierpinski gasket monopole antenna is presented that possesses a small physical size, high efficiency and the ability to allocate both the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical bands without the need of a matching network. The modified element respects the multiband behavior of the gasket since the input impedance characteristics of the upper bands maintain their symmetry. Several modification techniques are proposed making the monopole very flexible in terms of band allocation and fine-tuning. The dimensions of the ground plane are also proven to play a significant role on the operational bandwidth of the antenna system.
Treatment-Specific Composition of the Gut Microbiota Is Associated With Disease Remission in a Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Cohort (2019)

MET and MET+AZ antibiotic regimens in pediatric CD lead to distinct gut microbiota structures at remission. It may be possible to classify and predict remission based in part on microbiota profiles, but larger cohorts will be needed to realize this goal.
Template-based memory access engine for accelerators in SoCs (2011)

With the rapid progress in semiconductor technologies, more and more accelerators can be integrated onto a single SoC chip. In SoCs, accelerators often require deterministic data access. However, as more and more applications are running simultaneous, latency can vary significantly due to contention. To address this problem, we propose a template-based memory access engine (MAE) for accelerators in SoCs. The proposed MAE can handle several common memory access patterns observed for near-future accelerators. Our evaluation results show that the proposed MAE can significantly reduce memory access latency and jitter, thus very effective for accelerators in SoCs.
Step-modulated decay cavity ring-down detection for double resonance spectroscopy (2018)

A method of measuring double resonant two-photon signal and background from a single cavity ring-down decay is introduced. This is achieved by modulating the double resonance loss via one of the light sources exciting the transition. The noise performance of the method is characterized theoretically and experimentally. The addition of a new parameter to the fitting function introduces a minor noise increase due to parameter correlation. However, the concurrent recording of the background can extend the stable measurement time. Alternatively, the method allows a faster measurement speed, while still recording the background, which is often advantageous in double resonance measurements. Finally, the method is insensitive to changes in the cavity decay rate at short timescales and can lead to improved performance if they have significant contribution to the final noise level compared to the detector noise.
Isolation and Structural Proof of the Large Diamond Molecule, Cyclohexamantane (C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>30</sub>) (2003)

Ace of diamonds: Cyclohexamantane (C26H30), a large diamond-like molecule containing six peri-fused adamantane cages was identified in petroleum and its structure proven by X-ray crystallography (see picture). Never synthesized because of severe mechanistic difficulties, the structure of cyclohexamantane has appeared in theoretical molecular-simulation studies related to diamond; its experimentally determined properties are now discussed.
Processing of Inert SiC Matrix with TRISO Coated Fuel by Liquid Phase Sintering (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Disscussions Summary
Multilevel surgery in patients with rapid eye movement–related obstructive sleep apnea (2009)

REM OSA patients had milder obstructive sleep apnea, and multilevel surgery might be more effective in REM OSA patients.
Properties of thermoplastic composites based on wheat‐straw lignocellulosic fillers (2004)

Abstract Lignocellulosic fractions from wheat straw were used as natural fillers in composites of a polyolefin (a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene) and a biodegradable polyester [poly(butylene adipate‐ co ‐terephthalate)]. The mechanical properties of these injected composites were investigated with tensile and impact testing. A reinforcing effect of wheat‐straw residues was found for both types of composites. Compared with the polyester‐based composites, the polyolefin composites were more brittle. The addition of compatibilizing agents (γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, maleic anhydride modified polypropylene, and stearic acid) did not improve the properties of the polyolefin composites. The surface properties were studied with contact‐angle measurements, and poor interfacial adhesion was found between the hydrophilic lignocellulosic filler and the hydrophobic polyolefin matrix. Thermal characterization revealed the formation of low intermolecular bonds between the polyester matrix and the lignocellulosic filler, in agreement with the surface tensions results and scanning electron microscopy observations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 428–436, 2004
Secure Data Processing over Hybrid Clouds. (2012)

A hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability [1]. The emergence of the hybrid cloud paradigm has allowed end-users to seamlessly integrate their in-house computing resources with public cloud services and construct potent, secure and economical data processing solutions. An end-user may be required to consider a variety of factors, which include several hybrid cloud deployment models and numerous application design criteria, during the development of their hybrid cloud solutions. Although a multitude of applications could be developed through a combination of the aforementioned deployment models and design criteria, the common denominator among these applications is that they partition an application’s workload over a hybrid cloud. Currently, there does not exist a framework that can model this workload partitioning problem such that all the previously mentioned factors are considered. Therefore, in this paper we present our vision for the formalization of the workload partitioning problem such that an end-user’s requirements of performance, data security and monetary costs are satisfied. Furthermore, to demonstrate the flexibility of our formalization, we show how existing systems such as [2] [3] can be derived from our general workload partitioning framework through an instantiation of the appropriate criteria. 1
Possible solution to the problem of high built-up stresses in diamond-like carbon films (1999)

The various issues relating to the nature of high built-up stresses in diamond like carbon (DLC) films are presented and analyzed and the utility of pulse plasma technique in growing low residual stress DLC films is emphasized. Subsequently, sufficiently thick (2.2 μm) and hard (2000 kg/mm2) DLC films of significantly low stress (≈0.1 GPa) were deposited by the pulse plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. Stress values were found to be less than 0.5 GPa even with wide variation in pulse parameters (power density 0.4–2.0 W/cm2, dwell time 10–150 ms and duty cycle 10%–70%). A possible growth mechanism operating during pulse plasma discharge of such low residual stress and hard DLC films appears to involve the three phenomena: (i) relaxation of adions/adatoms, (ii) control of the substrate temperature, and (iii) creation of a hard/soft multilayer structure. To examine the role of substrate heating during the pulse plasma discharge, films were also deposited on deliberately heated substrates, using pulse plasma discharge, by using methane, acetylene, and benzene as hydrocarbon sources. An observation of direct correlation of the residual stresses and the degree of order of the film network has been made. Nitrogen dilution of the feedstock was also investigated, and further stress reduction has been observed, but not to the extent that occurs in continuous wave (cw) discharge grown films. This may be because constituent atoms in the film already approach close to a critical coordination number set by the fully constrained network (FCN) model. Other film properties like optical band gap (Eg), refractive index, and room temperature electrical conductivity (σRT) have also been estimated.