gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic approach to the measurement of chemical oxygen demand with an automated micro batch analyzer (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic approach to the measurement of chemical oxygen demand with an automated micro batch analyzerPurnendu K. Dasgupta and Kaj. PetersenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 4, 395–402Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00203a016Request reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulations of Multi Combustion Modes Hydrogen Engines for Heavy Duty Trucks (2012)

The paper presents the numerical study of a diesel direct injection heavy duty truck engine converted to\nhydrogen. The engine has a power turbine connected through a clutch and a continuously variable transmission to\nthe crankshaft. The power turbine may be disconnected and by-passed when it is inefficient or inconvenient to use.\nThe conversion is obtained by replacing the Diesel injector with a hydrogen injector and the glow plug with a jet\nignition device. The hydrogen engine operates different modes of combustion depending on the relative phasing of\nthe main injection and the jet ignition. The engine generally operates mostly in Diesel-like mode, with the most part\nof the main injection following the suitable creation in cylinder conditions by jet ignition. For medium-low loads,\nbetter efficienciy is obtained with the gasoline-like mode jet igniting the premixed homogeneous mixture at top dead\ncentre. It’s permitted at higher loads or at very low loads for the excessive peak pressure or the mixture too lean to\nburn rapidly. The hydrogen engine has better efficiency than Diesel outputs and fuel conversion. Thanks to the larger\nrate of heat release, it has the opportunity to run closer to stoichiometry and the multi mode capabilities. The critical\narea for this engine development is found in the design of a hydrogen injector delivering the amount of fuel needed\nto the large volume cylinder within a Diesel-like injection time.
Ring opening in lactam polymers (1955)

Abstract Apparent first‐order rate constants and activation energies for the alkaline hydrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyactam, vinylpyrrolidone‐maleic acid copolymer, N ‐isopropyl‐γ‐valerolactam, butyrolactam, and pyrrolidone‐ N ‐acetic acid were determined in order to study the influence of structure on the stability of the lactam ring. It was found that the behavior toward alkaline hydrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone closely resembles that of its low molecular analogue N ‐isopropyl‐γ‐valerolactam. It has been shown that a carboxyl function substituted near the lactam ring has a favorable influence on the ease of hydrolysis. Alkyl substitution on the lactam nitrogen, however, makes the lactam more resistant against hydrolysis.
Thermodynamic and structural consequences of flexible loop deletion by circular permutation in the streptavidin‐biotin system (1998)

A circularly permuted streptavidin (CP51/46) has been designed to remove the flexible polypeptide loop that undergoes an open to closed conformational change when biotin is bound. The original termini have been joined by a tetrapeptide linker, and four loop residues have been removed, resulting in the creation of new N- and C-termini. Isothermal titration calorimetric studies show that the association constant has been reduced approximately six orders of magnitude below that of wild-type streptavidin to 10(7) M(-1). The deltaH degrees of biotin association for CP51/46 is reduced by 11.1 kcal/mol. Crystal structures of CP51/46 and its biotin complex show no significant alterations in the binding site upon removal of the loop. A hydrogen bond between Ser45 and Ser52 found in the absence of biotin is broken in the closed conformation as the side-chain hydroxyl of Ser45 moves to hydrogen bond to a ureido nitrogen of biotin. This is true in both the wild-type and CP51/46 forms of the protein, and the hydrogen bonding interaction might thus help nucleate closure of the loop. The reduced entropic cost of binding biotin to CP51/46 is consistent with the removal of this loop and a reduction in entropic costs associated with loop closure and immobilization. The reduced enthalpic contribution to the free energy of binding is not readily explainable in terms of the molecular structure, as the binding contacts are nearly entirely conserved, and only small differences in solvent accessible surfaces are observed relative to wild-type streptavidin.
Detergents as selective inhibitors and inactivators of enzymes. (1985)

In order to study the detergent-enzyme interaction and to clarify whether such an interaction produces specific or non-specific effects, we investigated the action of natural and synthetic detergents on enzymatic systems of different levels of complexity (crystalline enzymes, crude homogenates, organ preparations, organisms in toto i.e. rats and germinating seeds). The enzyme-detergent interaction was examined both as a time-independent phenomenon (inhibition) and as a time-dependent phenomenon (inactivation). In in vitro experiments a clear inhibition of pyridine-dependent dehydrogenases by long-chain anionic detergents was found. Cationic detergents have their greatest effect on lipase, LDH, MDH and ICDH from rat liver homogenates. At low concentrations SDS inactivates all the dehydrogenase enzymes studied. With high concentrations (10 mM) of SDS and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12), there was a sharp and non-specific decrease of enzymatic activities. In the in vivo studies, rats were given detergents to drink; the cationic detergent (C12) was far more effective than SDS with enzymes from both intestine and liver homogenates. SDS and C12 do not seem to interfere with enzyme activities at the beginning of the germination of Pinus pinea and Triticum durum seeds. However a marked reduction of activities does occur at the respective maximum germination times of these seeds. The nonionic detergent is ineffective both as inhibitor and as inactivator.
Antibodies to Loop 6 of the P2 Porin Protein of Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Are Bactericidal against Multiple Strains (2001)

The P2 porin protein is the most abundant protein in the outer membrane of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI). Analysis of sequences of P2 from different strains reveals the presence of both heterogeneous and conserved surface-exposed loops of the P2 molecule among strains. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that antibodies to a conserved surface-exposed loop are bactericidal for multiple strains of NTHI and could thus form the basis of vaccines to prevent infection due to NTHI. Polyclonal antiserum to a peptide corresponding to loop 6 was raised and was immunopurified over a loop 6 peptide column. Analysis of the antibodies to whole organisms and peptides corresponding to each of the eight loops of P2 by immunoassays revealed that the antibodies were highly specific for loop 6 of P2. The immunopurified antibodies bound to P2 of 14 of 15 strains in immunoblot assays. These antibodies to loop 6 demonstrated complement-mediated bactericidal killing of 8 of 15 strains. These results support the concept of using conserved regions of the P2 protein as a vaccine antigen.
The Use of<i>Garcinia</i>Extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials (2010)

The aim of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy of Garcinia extract, hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as a weight reduction agent, using data from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Electronic and nonelectronic searches were conducted to identify relevant articles, with no restrictions in language or time. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Twenty-three eligible trials were identified and twelve were included. Nine trials provided data suitable for statistical pooling. The meta-analysis revealed a small, statistically significant difference in weight loss favouring HCA over placebo (MD: -0.88 kg; 95% CI: -1.75, -0.00). Gastrointestinal adverse events were twice as common in the HCA group compared with placebo in one included study. It is concluded that the RCTs suggest that Garcinia extracts/HCA can cause short-term weight loss. The magnitude of the effect is small, and the clinical relevance is uncertain. Future trials should be more rigorous and better reported.
Automatic breast ultrasound: state of the art and future perspectives (2020)

The three-dimensional automated breast ultrasound system (3D ABUS) is a new device which represents a huge innovation in the breast ultrasound field, with several application scenarios of great interest. ABUS's aim is to solve some of the main defects of traditional ultrasound, such as lack of standardization, high level of skill non-reproducibility, small field of view and high commitment of physician time. ABUS has proven to be an excellent non-ionising alternative to other supplemental screening options for women with dense breast tissue; also, it has appeared to be very promising in daily clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of current applications of ABUS, focusing on clinical applications and future perspectives as ABUS is particularly promising for studies involving artificial intelligence, radiomics and evaluation of breast molecular subtypes.
Large Scale 3D Printing of Complex Geometric Shapes in Construction (2016)

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has become an established technology in many industry sectors for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) objects. The layered production of scaled prototypes and smaller series typically use automated computer controlled systems that rely on a-priori designed digital 3D models. General principles for 3D modeling, printing, and finishing exist utilizing the cutting, melting, or softening of paper, polymer, or metal materials.
Decontamination processes for waste glass canisters (1981)

The process which will be used to decontaminate waste glass canisters at the Savannah River Plant consists of: decontamination (slurry blasting); rinse (high-pressure water); and spot decontamination (high-pressure water plus slurry). No additional waste will be produced by this process because glass frit used in decontamination will be mixed with the radioactive waste and fed into the glass melter. Decontamination of waste glass canisters with chemical and abrasive blasting techniques was investigated. The ability of a chemical technique with HNO/sub 3/-HF and H/sub 2/C/sub 2/O/sub 4/ to remove baked-on contamination was demonstrated. A correlation between oxide removal and decontamination was observed. Oxide removal and, thus, decontamination by abrasive blasting techniques with glass frit as the abrasive was proposed and demonstrated.
Molecular basis for disruption of E-cadherin adhesion by botulinum neurotoxin A complex (2014)

How botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cross the host intestinal epithelial barrier in foodborne botulism is poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of a clostridial hemagglutinin (HA) complex of serotype BoNT/A bound to the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin at 2.4 angstroms. The HA complex recognizes E-cadherin with high specificity involving extensive intermolecular interactions and also binds to carbohydrates on the cell surface. Binding of the HA complex sequesters E-cadherin in the monomeric state, compromising the E-cadherin-mediated intercellular barrier and facilitating paracellular absorption of BoNT/A. We reconstituted the complete 14-subunit BoNT/A complex using recombinantly produced components and demonstrated that abolishing either E-cadherin- or carbohydrate-binding of the HA complex drastically reduces oral toxicity of BoNT/A complex in vivo. Together, these studies establish the molecular mechanism of how HAs contribute to the oral toxicity of BoNT/A.
Heterocyclic studies. Part XIX. Some 6-(substituted phenyl)-uracil and -thiouracil derivatives (1971)

Ten β-(m- and p-substituted phenyl)-β-oxopropionates (I and II; X = F, Cl, Br, Me, or OMe) were synthesised and condensed with thiourea to yield the corresponding 6-(m- and p-substituted phenyl)thiouracils [(V) and (VI)], which were converted into the analogous uracils [(VII) and (VIII)] by treatment with chloroacetic acid. Nitration of 6-(p-substituted phenyl)uracil derivatives gave 5-nitro- or m,5-dinitro-compounds according to reaction conditions. 1H N.m.r. spectra of most of the compounds are recorded.
BUITRES DE ODONTOLOGIA, NUEVO NOMBRE PARA LA TEMPORADA 93 (1993)

AL ENTREGAR LOS JERSEYS DEL EQUIPO REPRESENTATIVO DE LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA (FO) EL DIRECTOR DE ESTA, DOCTOR JAVIER PORTILLA ROBERTSON INDICO QUE EL NUEVO NOMBRE QUE LLEVARA ESTE EQUIPO SERA: INTERMEDIA DE LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA EN SUSTITUCION DEL DE BUITRES.
Production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid by the fungus Pythium ultimum (1991)

Several strains of species of the fungal genus Pythium, and of Phytophthora cinnamomi, were screened for content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The aim of the investigation was to establish alternative sources of these PUFAs, which are of importance in human nutrition. As a relatively prolific producer of EPA and AA, P. ultimum strain #144 was selected for a study of conditions that enhance their production over baseline levels that are present in the fungus when cultured for 6 d at 25 degrees C with rotary shaking (120 r.p.m.) in Vogel's medium containing sucrose as the carbon substrate. The levels of AA and EPA under these conditions were 133 +/- 27 and 138 +/- 25 mg l-1 (n = 5), respectively. Maximal production of these fatty acids was accomplished by the following sequence of steps. (1) Incubate the cultures for 6 d after inoculation under the conditions described above. Then (2) add glucose to the cultures (2%, w/v, final concentration) and incubate for a further 6 d at 13 degrees C. Under these conditions, the AA content of the mycelium was 205% higher than baseline levels and the EPA content was 198% higher. (3) Allow the cultures to remain stationary for 10 d which increases the AA content to 253% above baseline levels and the EPA content by 236%. Using such a procedure, 322 mg AA l-1 and 383 mg EPA 1-1 were produced.
Heparin-Binding EGF-Like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) Decreases Oxygen Free Radical Production <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2002)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has been shown to protect intestinal epithelial cells from anoxia/reoxygenation in vitro, and to protect the intestines from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the cytoprotective effects of HB-EGF were due, in part, to its ability to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Human whole blood, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and monocytes, as well as rat intestinal epithelial cells, were exposed to stimuli designed to produce an oxidative burst in these cells. Treatment of the cells with HB-EGF led to a significant decrease in oxidative burst production. In vivo, total midgut I/R injury in rats led to increased ROS production, which was markedly decreased by HB-EGF treatment. Histochemically, I/R injury led to increased ROS production, which was significantly decreased with HB-EGF treatment. HB-EGF cytoprotection is due, in part, to its ability to decrease ROS production. Future studies will determine the mechanisms by which HB-EGF exerts these effects.
Integrated Anaerobic-Aerobic Biodegradation of Multiple Contaminants Including Chlorinated Ethylenes, Benzene, Toluene, and Dichloromethane (2016)

Complete bioremediation of soils containing multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains a challenge. To explore the possibility of complete bioremediation through integrated anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation, laboratory feasibility tests followed by alternate anaerobic-aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic biodegradation tests were performed. Chlorinated ethylenes, including tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), <i>cis</i>-dichloroethylene (<i>cis</i>-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC), and dichloromethane (DCM) were used for anaerobic biodegradation, whereas benzene, toluene, and DCM were used for aerobic biodegradation tests. Microbial communities involved in the biodegradation tests were analyzed to characterize the major bacteria that may contribute to biodegradation. The results demonstrated that integrated anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation was capable of completely degrading the seven VOCs with initial concentration of each VOC less than 30 mg/L. Benzene and toluene were degraded within 8 days, and DCM was degraded within 20 to 27 days under aerobic conditions when initial oxygen concentrations in the headspaces of test bottles were set to 5.3% and 21.0%. <i>Dehalococcoides</i> sp., generally considered sensitive to oxygen, survived aerobic conditions for 28 days and was activated during the subsequent anaerobic biodegradation. However, degradation of <i>cis</i>-DCE was suppressed after oxygen exposure for more than 201 days, suggesting the loss of viability of <i>Dehalococcoides</i> sp., as they are the only known anaerobic bacteria that can completely biodegrade chlorinated ethylenes to ethylene. Anaerobic degradation of DCM following previous aerobic degradation was complete, and yet-unknown microbes may be involved in the process. The findings may provide a scientific and practical basis for the complete bioremediation of multiple contaminants in situ and a subject for further exploration.
Management of acute asthma. (2001)

Hospitalization due to acute severe asthma represents a failure in the preventive, long-term as well as home care of asthma. Recognition of danger signs and prompt treatment can prevent the risk of morbidity and mortality of an acute asthma episode. The principle pharmacological management is use of inhaled beta2 sympathomemetrics and systemic steroids given with monitoring of respiratory status with the help of clinical parameters and pulmonary function tests. In patients non responsive to routine management, there is a role of inhaled cholinergic compounds, intravenous magnesium sulphate, and beta2 sympathomemetic infusion. Patients in respiratory failure need intensive care. Carefully managed prognosis of an acute attack of asthma is good.
Comparative Advantage Analysis of the Main Grain Crops in Henan Province (2010)

Based on the summarization of the status quo of the research both at home and abroad, the changing trend of the production of the main grain crops, covering the planting structure, seed structure and the trend of the per unit yields of garlic are analyzed. According to the comparative advantage theory, the comprehensive comparative advantages indices, which have been revised, can be used as the main research methods. By using the relevant data from 2000 to 2006, the scale comparative advantage, the efficient comparative advantage and the comprehensive comparative advantages of the main grain crops (wheat, millet, corn, soybean, rice and tuber crops) in each city of Henan Province are measured. The results show that among the main grain crops in Henan Province, only the wheat and the corn have comparative advantages; rice, corn, soybean and potatoes all do not have the scale advantages; the wheat, millet and the potatoes have obvious efficiency advantages while rice, corn and soybean have relatively weak efficiency advantages; wheat and corn have comprehensive comparative advantages, while rich, millet, soy bean and potatoes do not have the comprehensive comparative advantages. Combining with the current specific situation of Henan Province, the general situation faced by the production of main grain crops in Henan Province is analyzed specifically. In the end, suggestions on adjusting the structure of the main grain crops are put forward.
C. Weyergraf-Serra and M. Buskirk (eds.) The Destruction of ‘Tilted Arc’: Documents, (1991) Cambridge, Mass. and London: The MIT Press287 pp. (1993)

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Dynamically Tunable Broadband Infrared Anomalous Refraction Based on Graphene Metasurfaces (2015)

Metasurfaces, which are capable of generating structure and wavelength dependent phase shift, have emerged as promising means for controlling the wavefront of electromagnetic waves. Finding new ways to realize broadband frequency response as well as maintaining high conversion efficiency still requires research efforts. For the design of plasmonic metasurfaces, graphene represents an attractive alternative to metals due to its strong field confinement and versatile tunability. Here, a novel metasurface based on graphene is proposed to control the wavefront of light. Dynamically tunable anomalous refraction composed of periodically patterned graphene nanocrosses for circularly polarized waves is achieved in the infrared regime. Broadband properties of anomalous refraction are demonstrated by investigating different frequencies and incident angles. Moreover, the anomalous conversion efficiency can be dynamically tuned and remain as high in a broadband frequency range by varying the Fermi energy without reoptimizing the nanostructures. This work may offer a further step in the development of a tunable wavefront controlling device.
Lost landscapes and failed economies: the search for a value of place (1997)

In Lost Landscapes and Failed Economies, economist Thomas Michael Power argues that the quality of the natural landscape is an essential part of a community's permanent economic base and should not be sacrificed in short-term efforts to maintain employment levels in industries that are ultimately not sustainable. He provides numerous case studies of the ranching, mining, and timber industries in a critical analysis of the role played by industry in our communities. He also looks at areas where environmental protection measures have been enacted and examines the impact of protected landscapes on local economies. Power exposes the fundamental flaws in the widely accepted view of the local economy built around the extractive model, a model that overemphasizes the importance of industries and assumes that people don't care where they live and that businesses don't care about the available labor supply. By revealing the inadequacies of the model, he lays to rest the fear that environmental protection will cause an imminent collapse of the community, and puts economic tools in the hands of those working to protect their communities.