gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolvement-based genetic algorithm for molecular docking (2011)

Species dynamics model is introduced into the genetic algorithm to reflect the true state of evolution.An evolvement-based genetic algorithm is developed.In the algorithm,an adaptive strategy is used to overcome the difficulty of confirming the crossover and mutation probabilities.Small population strategy and optimal strategy ensure the diversity of the populations and improve the efficiency of the algorithm.Based on the genetic algorithm,a new molecular docking program is developed.Docking results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the molecular docking problem.
Sensitive bioaffinity assays with individual microparticles and time-resolved fluorometry (1997)

Future immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization assays will be performed in miniaturized formats that utilize microchips or microparticles. This will require a sensitive detection technology that allows spatial resolution. By using fluorescent europium chelates and time-resolved microfluorometry, one can detect 11,000 europium molecules on individual microparticles. In a miniaturized noncompetitive immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), we quantitatively detected 5 ng/L (0.05 amol per particle) of the analyte on an individual microparticle with excellent precision over the whole measurement range (CV <10%). Using a hybridization assay, we also could detect the deltaF508 mutation for cystic fibrosis on individual microparticles. Consequently, fluorescent lanthanide chelate labels and time-resolved microfluorometry qualify as the next generation of technology in this field.
Automatically Providing Action Plans Helps People Complete Tasks (2012)

People complete tasks more quickly when they have con-crete plans, especially for open-ended, creative tasks. How-ever, people often fail to create such action plans. (How) can systems provide people with these concrete steps auto-matically? To scalably provide personalized action plans, this paper introduces and evaluates crowdsourcing and peer approaches for creating plans, and NLP techniques for reus-ing them. We evaluated the effects of action plans on differ-ent types of tasks. A between-subjects experiment found that people who received crowd-created plans completed more tasks than people asked to self-create plans and than a control group without action plans. We found that crowd-created action plans are especially effective for lingering and high-level tasks. A second experiment found that peer-provided plans led to more completed tasks than no plans. A third experiment found that participants who received re-used action plans also completed more tasks than a control group without action plans. We have incorporated these principles into TaskGenies: a crowd-powered task manage-ment system.
Parameter preserving model order reduction for MEMS applications (2011)

Model order reduction techniques are known to work reliably for finite element-type simulations of micro-electro-mechanical systems devices. These techniques can tremendously shorten computational times for transient and harmonic analyses. However, standard model reduction techniques cannot be applied if the equation system incorporates time-varying matrices or parameters that are to be preserved for the reduced model. However, design cycles often involve parameter modification, which should remain possible also in the reduced model. In this article we demonstrate a novel parameterization method to numerically construct highly accurate parametric ordinary differential equation systems based on a small number of systems with different parameter settings. This method is demonstrated to parameterize the geometry of a model of a micro-gyroscope, where the relative error introduced by the parameterization lies in the region of . We also present recent developments on semi-automatic order reduction methods that can preserve scalar parameters or functions during the reduction process. The first approach is based on a multivariate Padé-type expansion. The second approach is a coupling of the balanced truncation method for model order reduction of (deterministic) linear, time-invariant systems with interpolation. The approach is quite flexible in allowing the use of numerous interpolation techniques like polynomial, Hermite, rational, sinc and spline interpolation. As technical examples we investigate a micro anemometer as well as the gyroscope. Speed-up factors of 20–80 could be achieved, while retaining up to six parameters and keeping typical relative errors below 1%.
Cross-level behavioral analysis for robust early intrusion detection (2010)

We anticipate future attacks would evolve to become more sophisticated to outwit existing intrusion detection techniques. Existing anomaly analysis techniques and signature-based detection practices can no longer effective. We believe intrusion detection systems (IDSs) of the future will need to be capable to detect or infer attacks based on more valuable information from the network-related properties and characteristics. We observed that even though the signatures or traffic patterns of future stealthy attacks can be modified to outwit current IDSs, certain behavioral aspects of an attack are invariant. We propose a novel approach that jointly monitors network activities at three different levels: transport layer protocols, (vulnerable) network services, and invariant anomaly behaviors (called attack symptoms). Our system, SecMon, captures the network behaviors by simultaneously performing cross-level state correlation for effective detection of anomaly behaviors. For the most part, the invariant anomaly behavior has not been fully exploited in the past. A probabilistic attack inference model is also proposed for attack assessment by correlating the observed attack symptoms to achieve the low false alarm rate. The evaluations demonstrate our prototype system is efficient and effective for sophisticated attacks, including polymorphism, stealthy, and unknown attack.
Increased Severity of Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B–Deficient Mice (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VegfB) is an angiogenic protein related to VegfA, although it acts on a different set of tyrosine kinase receptors. Like VegfA, VegfB is expressed in the brain and is induced at sites of brain injury. VegfA has neuroprotective and angiogenic effects, but VegfA-knockout mice die in utero, so the effect of endogenous VegfA signaling in neuropathologic states, such as cerebral ischemia, cannot be tested directly. In contrast, VegfB-knockout mice survive to adulthood with little abnormality in the absence of pathologic stresses. To determine if VegfB regulates the severity of cerebral ischemia, the middle cerebral artery was occluded in VegfB-knockout, heterozygous, and wild-type mice, and the volume of the resulting cerebral infarcts and associated impairment of neurologic function were measured. Infarct volume was increased by approximately 40% and neurologic impairment was more severe in VegfB-knockout mice, implying that endogenous VegfB acts to protect the brain from ischemic injury. VegfB also protected cultured cerebral cortical neurons from hypoxic injury, suggesting that its protective action is mediated at least in part through a direct effect on neurons.
Room-temperature fiber laser at 392  μm (2018)

Rare-earth-doped fiber lasers are promising contenders in the development of spectroscopy, free-space communications, and countermeasure applications in the 3–5 μm spectral region. However, given the limited transparency of the commonly used fluorozirconate glass fiber, these systems have only achieved wavelength coverage up to 3.8 μm, hence fueling the development of more suitable fiber glass compositions. To this extent, we propose in this Letter a novel heavily holmium-doped fluoroindate fiber, providing extended transparency up to 5 μm, to demonstrate the longest wavelength room-temperature fiber laser at 3.92 μm. Achieving ∼200  mW of output power when cladding pumped by a commercial 888 nm laser diode, this demonstration paves the way for powerful mid-infrared fiber lasers emitting at and beyond 4 μm.
Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange in Fused Silica (1960)

Infrared studies of hydrogen-deuterium exchange in bulk fused silica indicate that the rate of exchange steadily increases with temperature from 600 to 1000°C. The exchange takes place on isolated OH groups and occurs in either direction.
O-Glycosylation of the Mucin Type (2001)

While only about ten percent of the databank entries are defined as glycoproteins, it has been estimated recently that more than half of all proteins are glycoproteins. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a widespread post-translational modification of proteins found in the entire animal kingdom, but also in higher plants. The structural complexity of the chains initiated by O-linked GalNAc exceeds that of N-linked chains by far. The process during which serine and threonine residues of proteins become modified is confined to the cis to trans Golgi compartments. The initiation of this process by peptidyl GalNAc-transferases is ruled by the sequence context of putative O-glycosylation sites, but also by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, which can be mediated by enzyme competition. The cellular repertoir of glycosyltransferases with their distinct donor sugar and acceptor sugar specificities, their sequential action at highly-ordered surfaces, and their localizations in subcompartments of the Golgi finally determine the cell-specific O-glycosylation profile. Dramatic alterations of the glycosylation machinery are observed in cancer cells, resulting in aberrantly O-glycosylated proteins that expose previously masked peptide motifs and new antigenic targets. The functional aspects of O-linked glycans, which comprise among many others their potential role in sorting and secretion of glycoproteins, their influence on protein conformation, and their multifarious involvement in cell adhesion and immunological processes, appear as complex as their structures.
Interactive Policy Learning through Confidence-Based Autonomy (2009)

We present Confidence-Based Autonomy (CBA), an interactive algorithm for policy learning from demonstration. The CBA algorithm consists of two components which take advantage of the complimentary abilities of humans and computer agents. The first component, Confident Execution, enables the agent to identify states in which demonstration is required, to request a demonstration from the human teacher and to learn a policy based on the acquired data. The algorithm selects demonstrations based on a measure of action selection confidence, and our results show that using Confident Execution the agent requires fewer demonstrations to learn the policy than when demonstrations are selected by a human teacher. The second algorithmic component, Corrective Demonstration, enables the teacher to correct any mistakes made by the agent through additional demonstrations in order to improve the policy and future task performance. CBA and its individual components are compared and evaluated in a complex simulated driving domain. The complete CBA algorithm results in the best overall learning performance, successfully reproducing the behavior of the teacher while balancing the tradeoff between number of demonstrations and number of incorrect actions during learning.
Generalized Two-Dimensional Correlation Method Applicable to Infrared, Raman, and other Types of Spectroscopy (1993)

A two-dimensional (2D) correlation method generally applicable to various types of spectroscopy, including IR and Raman spectroscopy, is introduced. In the proposed 2D correlation scheme, an external perturbation is applied to a system while being monitored by an electromagnetic probe. With the application of a correlation analysis to spectral intensity fluctuations induced by the perturbation, new types of spectra defined by two independent spectral variable axes are obtained. Such two-dimensional correlation spectra emphasize spectral features not readily observable in conventional one-dimensional spectra. While a similar 2D correlation formalism has already been developed in the past for analysis of simple sinusoidally varying IR signals, the newly proposed formalism is designed to handle signals fluctuating as an arbitrary function of time, or any other physical variable. This development makes the 2D correlation approach a universal spectroscopic tool, generally applicable to a very wide range of applications. The basic property of 2D correlation spectra obtained by the new method is described first, and several spectral data sets are analyzed by the proposed scheme to demonstrate the utility of generalized 2D correlation spectra. Potential applications of this 2D correlation approach are then explored.
Chelometric Titrations. Fisher Award Address. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelometric Titrations. Fisher Award Address.C. N. ReilleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 11, 1298–1303Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60230a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60230a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lifted Neural Networks (2018)

We describe a novel family of models of multi- layer feedforward neural networks in which the activation functions are encoded via penalties in the training problem. Our approach is based on representing a non-decreasing activation function as the argmin of an appropriate convex optimiza- tion problem. The new framework allows for algo- rithms such as block-coordinate descent methods to be applied, in which each step is composed of a simple (no hidden layer) supervised learning problem that is parallelizable across data points and/or layers. Experiments indicate that the pro- posed models provide excellent initial guesses for weights for standard neural networks. In addi- tion, the model provides avenues for interesting extensions, such as robustness against noisy in- puts and optimizing over parameters in activation functions.
Role of serum S100B as an early predictor of high intracranial pressure and mortality in brain injury: A pilot study (2002)

Serum S100B is a sensitive biomarker for early prediction of the development of high intracranial pressure and fatal outcome following acute brain injury. Monitoring S100B concentrations could contribute to early detection of patients at risk of secondary increases in intracranial pressure and subsequent mortality. This would allow earlier targeting of therapy in selected patients.
THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT AS FUEL QUALITY DECLINES (1979)

The declining quality of residual oil fuels, with the prospect of these fuels having over 500 ppm vanadium, over 100 ppm sodium, and over 5% sulphur, and having specific gravities close to that of water, is a matter of concern to the manufacturers of engines, boilers, separators, and other equipment. From the user's viewpoint, the problems can be divided into those affecting handling and those affecting combustion. Residuals form various sources of crude can be characterised by their properties. Some significant properties are: specific gravity; carbon residue; sulphur, vanadium, nickel, and iron contents; wax content (which is becoming increasingly troublesome with crudes from the Far East); pour point; and viscosity. However, the ship's engineer will often not know the source of the fuel bunkered. After a brief general consideration of these problems, the Author, of Drew Chemical Corp., examines them further and briefly discusses some chemical treatments for their alleviation, under the headings: Sludge; Wax; Stratification; Combustion Problems in Boilers; Combustion Problems in Two-Stroke Diesel Engines; Combustion Problems in Four-Stroke Diesel Engines.
Kinetics of lead zirconate titanate sol aging (2001)

Abstract The growth of polymeric particles during the hydrolysis and condensation of PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT 30/70) precursor solutions has been studied. At the beginning, particles grow by reaction between monomers and particles. As the particle number-density increases, particle-particle aggregation characterised by an exponential growth law becomes the predominant mechanism. When particles grow larger, toward gel formation, the aggregation changes to diffusion limited. Mathematical models derived according to the above mechanisms agreed well with measured particle growth profiles.
Monotherapy with Anti-LFA-1 Monoclonal Antibody Promotes Long-Term Survival of Rat Islet Xenografts (2008)

Previously we demonstrated that anti-LFA-1 monoclonal (mAb) could promote long-term survival of discordant porcine islet xenografts in mice. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine whether a shortterm administration of anti-LFA-1 mAb would promote long-term survival of concordant rat islet xenografts in mice, and whether combining short-term administration of anti-LFA-1 mAb therapy with an immunosuppressive drug, rapamycin, would facilitate islet xenograft survival. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic BALB/c mice were transplanted with 500 Wistar-Furth rat islets under the kidney capsule and were either left untreated or treated with short-term administration of rapamycin (0.2 mg/kg) alone, anti-LFA-1 mAb (0.2 mg/ dose) alone, or a combination of rapamycin and anti-LFA-1 mAb using the same doses. All untreated mice rejected their grafts by 24 days posttransplantation with a mean graft survival time of 18.8 +/- 2.5 days posttransplantation (n = 5). All mice treated with rapamycin alone had prolonged islet graft survival but eventually rejected their islet grafts by 81 days posttransplantation. In contrast, the majority of the mice (27/ 28) treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb alone maintained long-term normoglycemia (>100 days). Rapamycin in combination with anti-LFA-1 mAb proved equally effective with 29 of 30 mice maintaining normoglycemia for more than 100 days posttransplantation. Low levels of mouse anti-rat antibodies, as well as a decrease in the degree of mononuclear cell infiltration of the islet graft, closely correlated with long-term islet xenograft survival. These results demonstrate that monotherapy with anti-LFA-1 mAb is highly effective in promoting long-term survival of rat islet xenografts and that combination of anti-LFA-1 mAb with rapamycin does not facilitate nor abrogate the induction of long-term xenograft survival by anti-LFA-1 mAb therapy in BALB/c mice. Our study indicates that immunomodulation through mAb therapy could form a significant component of future antirejection therapies in clinical islet xenotransplantation.
A comparative analysis of routing techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. These sensor networks interconnect a several other nodes when established in large and this opens up several technical challenges and immense application possibilities. These wireless sensor networks communicate using multi-hop wireless communications, regular ad hoc routing techniques cannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain due to the limited processing power and the finite power available to each sensor nodes hence recent advances in wireless sensor networks have developed many protocols depending on the application and network architecture and are specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. This paper surveys recent routing protocols for sensor networks and compares the routing protocols that are presently of increasing importance. Here three main categories of protocols, flat based, hierarchical and location based protocols are distinguished based on the way the next hop is selected on the route of a message and briefly describes the operation of a representative member from each group. Each routing protocol is described and discussed under the appropriate category. We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of each routing technique. The paper concludes with possible future research areas.
Computing Resonances Of Waveguide-To-Microstrip Transitions (1989)

Simplified mathematical model used to predict resonant frequencies of antipodal-finline waveguide-to-microstrip transitions. Makes it possible to place undesired resonances outside desired frequency band during design process; eliminates much of iteration in design process and thereby reduces both time and cost of design.
Gamma-Guided Stereotactic Breast Biopsy System (2006)

A gamma-ray imaging system has been developed for acquiring stereo images of the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in breast tissue. The system consists of a small field-of-view gamma-ray camera mounted to a stereotactic biopsy table. The camera is mounted on a rotational arm such that it can be used to image the breast from two 15deg stereo views. These stereo images can be used to determine the three dimensional spatial location of a region of focal uptake. Once the location of this region is determined, this information can be used as a guide for stereotactic core needle biopsy. The accuracy that the spatial location of a source can be determined was investigated by moving a point source within the field of view. A center-of gravity calculation was used to localize the centroid of the image of the source and this was used to determine the spatial location. Measurements indicate that the source can be localized to within 1 mm. A comparison of the operation of the gamma imaging system and an x-ray imaging system has been done using a dual modality phantom. These measurements indicated that the spatial location of an isolated source can be determined by the gamma imaging system to within approximately the same performance criteria as required for the X-ray system (1 mm). Collimators were tested to determine the spatial resolution in the transverse dimension and the impact of this transverse resolution on the axial resolution was investigated. The performance of this gamma-guided stereotactic biopsy system will be presented