gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An intensity-based optical fibre sensor for fatigue damage detection in advanced fibre-reinforced composites (1995)

The detection of fatigue-induced damage within fibre-reinforced composite materials is of vital importance in areas where these materials are used for critical load-bearing applications. Embedded fibre-optic sensors are suitable for damage detection in composite materials because they can be easily integrated into the structure with minimal interference with the bulk properties of the composite. In this current study, a novel intensity-based optical fibre sensor was designed and evaluated under tension/tension and tension/compression fatigue loading conditions. This intensity sensor has the ability to monitor rapid strain changes without loss of the reference level. Furthermore, this sensor utilizes relatively simple and inexpensive instrumentation. The fibre-optic strain sensor was embedded within a 16-ply 0/90 carbon/epoxy laminate at the manufacturing stage. The embedded optical fibre sensor was not found to affect the fatigue life of the composite both under tension/tension and tension/compression loading. The feasibility of using the embedded sensor for fatigue damage detection was demonstrated. Excellent correlation was also obtained between the strain data from a surface mounted optical fibre sensor and a surface-mounted extensometer under fatigue loading conditions.
Memory Based Metadata Server for Cluster File Systems (2008)

In high performance computing environment, the metadata servers of distributed file system become critical to impact overall system performance. An approach of memory based metadata server is proposed, instead of the disk based approach. We present a metadata management system with matrix organization, non-overhead reliable mechanism and static scalability method, which is design to efficiently utilize large memory and provide high performance. We examine and demonstrate the performance, overhead of reliability and scalability in a test bed environment of 28 machines. The result shows that the performance of our system is higher than other traditional distributed file system, the reliability can be achieved with little overhead and the metadata servers can be linear scaling.
Silicon-based Raman laser (2009)

Silicon laser remains as the greatest challenge in the realization of silicon photonic echnology due to the inherent low internal quantum efficiency of light emission for silicon. Light amplification and lasing by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides an attractive approach due to its unique wide range of operation, extensive tuning capability and simple fabrication. This research work aims to propose a novel design of silicon Raman laser and investigate its performance analytically.\nIn this research work, we propose and analyze the introduction of bi-directional pumping scheme into the silicon laser for the first time. Fabry-Perot (FB) cavity structure with variable end-facet reflectivity is utilized in our study. In addition to adapting an existing formulation to model silicon Raman laser, we employed a much faster improved Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) Method to solve the differential equation set. Key laser performance indicators such as output Stokes power, intra-cavity power distribution and\nlasing threshold are investigated in our study. Results for both one-way and bi-directional pumping schemes are illustrated under the same total input power to justify the significance of our work.\nOur simulation results show that the use of bi-directional pumping is an effective\nmechanism to reduce losses in silicon Raman laser. Intra-cavity pump power level\ndecreases under bi-directional pumping scheme. This results in the loss reduction to\nsubsequently enhance the pump-to-Stokes conversion efficiency. An output Stokes power\nenhancement of more than 20% can be achieved. We also explore the change of key laser performance indicators at bi-directional pumping when cavity end-facet reflectivity changes. Output power from silicon Raman laser is maximized by a bi-directionally pumped cavity with low end-facet reflectivity. On the other hand, bi-directional pumping is found to have negligible effect on lasing threshold due to the low TPA and FCA losses at low pumping power.\nCoherent anti-Stokes scattering (CARS) is another non-linear process occurring in silicon Raman laser, in addition to the dominant SRS. From our previous analytical model, we extend our investigation by incorporating CARS into our modeling. A novel two-model comparison algorithm is then built from here to analyze the effect of CARS process in the Stokes output. Our simulation shows that enhancement of CARS could effectively reduce losses and enhance Stokes output simultaneously in silicon Raman laser. A loss reduction of more than 3 dB and an output enhancement of more than 100% can be obtained from a phase-matched silicon waveguide cavity.\nThe study on Bi-directionally pumped silicon Raman laser shows encouraging results on\npump-to-Stokes conversion efficiency. With the same total pump power, bi-directional\npumping is able to reduce the peak pump intensity in the cavity and therefore suppress FCA losses to enhance the Stokes power output.
Ionochromic effects in regioregular ether-substituted polythiophenes (1995)

Solutions of, a polythiophene derivative bearing oligo(oxyethylene) side-chains show interesting chromic effects upon the addition of alkali metal ions which may lead to the development of novel ionoselective sensors.
Virtual reality training system for diagnostic ultrasound (2010)

Training is a critical yet costly aspect of effective utilization of diagnostic ultrasound, where ultrasound simulation may come to play a key role. We have developed a low-cost and adaptive interactive ultrasound training system. The cost is minimized by keeping the physical components to a minimum (sham transducer, generic scan surface and a laptop or PC), while the adaptive nature is achieved by using virtual reality concepts to scan a virtual subject, unique to each image volume, with a virtual transducer. The position and orientation of the virtual transducer along with the displayed 2D image are controlled by the movement of the sham transducer on the scan surface.
Resolution of (.+-.)-2-tetradecyloxiranecarboxylic acid. Absolute configuration and chiral synthesis of the hypoglycemic R enantiomer and biological activity of enantiomers (1987)

The resolution of the hypoglycemic agent (+/-)-2-tetradecyloxiranecarboxylic acid (3) as its d- and l-ephedrine salts is presented. The active enantiomer (R)-(+)-3 was also synthesized by the Sharpless chiral epoxidation procedure and its methyl ester (R)-(+)-4 was shown to be identical with the corresponding ester from the resolved acid. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of the diastereomeric salt of (+)-3 and (-)-ephedrine allowed assignment of (+)-3 as the R configuration. The effects on fatty acid oxidation and glucose tolerance of the racemic and enantiomeric forms of 3, 4, and the CoA ester of 3 are presented. A postulated mechanism of action for the active enantiomer as an enantioselective, active-site-directed, irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase is suggested.
Synthetic studies in the lysocellin family of polyether antibiotics. The total synthesis of ferensimycin B (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies in the lysocellin family of polyether antibiotics. The total synthesis of ferensimycin BDavid A. Evans, Richard P. Polniaszek, Keith M. DeVries, Denise E. Guinn, and David J. MathreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 20, 7613–7630Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00020a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1801Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hydroxyl Radical Generation Depending on O<sub>2</sub>or H<sub>2</sub>O by a Photocatalyzed Reaction in an Aqueous Suspension of Titanium Dioxide (1998)

Photocatalytic production of the electron (e(-)) and positive hole (h(+)) in an aqueous suspension of TiO2 (anatase form) under illumination by near-UV light (295-390 nm) generated the superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydroxyl radical (•OH), which both proceeded linearly with reaction time, while H2O2 accumulated non-linearly. Under anaerobic conditions (introduced Ar gas), the yields of three active species of oxygen were decreased to 10-20% of those detected in the air-saturated reaction. The electron spin resonance (ESR) signal characteristics of •OH were obtained when a spin trap of 5,5-dimthyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was included in the illuminating mixture. The intensity of the ESR signal was increased by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and decreased under anaerobic conditions, amounting to only 20% of the intensity detected in the aerobic reaction. The addition of H2O2 to the reaction mixture resulted in about an 8-fold increase of •OH production in the anaerobic reaction, but only about 1.5-fold in the aerobic reaction, indicating that e(-) generated by the photocatalytic reaction reduced H2O2 to produce •OH plus OH(-). On the other hand, D2O lowered the yield of •OH generation to 18% under air and 40% under Ar conditions, indicating the oxidation of H2O by h(+). The addition of Fe(III)-EDTA as an electron acceptor effectively increased •OH generation, 2.3-fold in the aerobic reaction and 8.4-fold in the anaerobic reaction, the yield in the latter exceeding that in the air-saturated reaction.
PERIRENAL EXTRAVASATION WITH BLUNT TRAUMA FROM RUPTURE OF A CALYCEAL FORNIX (1993)

Perirenal extravasation of urine with an intact renal parenchyma and with dye visualized in the ureter was seen on an excretory urogram (IVP) and computed tomographic (CT) scan in two patients (bilateral in one) with multiple injuries following blunt trauma. Expectant management with no invasive procedures resulted in disappearance of the extravasation within 3 to 5 days. Traumatic rupture of a calyceal fornix is thought to be the cause of the extravasation similar to the perirenal extravasation seen with renal colic from a ureteral calculus.
Influence of Lithology and Neogene Uplift on Seismic Velocities in Denmark: Implications for Depth Conversion of Maps (1993)

A new velocity parameter, the velocity anomaly (dV), is defined as the deviation between a velocity measurement and a linear velocity-depth function for a formation. The variation of the velocity anomaly of the lowermost Jurassic claystones in northern Denmark is interpreted as the combined effect of three types of uplift movements, and the magnitude of these are estimated. It is concluded that the pre-Quaternary surface in northern Denmark is an erosional surface, created by up to 1000 m of Neogene uplift and subsequent erosion. The Upper Cretaceous Danian Chalk Group and the Tertiary sequence must thus have been deposited far beyond their present extensions. Consequences of Neogene uplift for the source rock potential of the area are discussed. In the Danish Central Trough, North Sea, the velocity anomaly of the Lower Cretaceous is shown to reflect lithological variations related to differential subsidence and to characterize the geological regions better than the interval velocity. Since the primary influence of depth on velocity is removed, the velocity anomaly is an expression of physical factors such as lithology, overpressure, and gas content as well as uplift and erosion. Contoured maps based on well data of the velocity anomaly of a formation may thus be used to estimate the velocity anomaly at arbitrary locations. The velocity anomaly map, the seismic time maps, and the linear velocity parameters for each layer constitute the input for velocity-anomaly depth conversion. This depth-conversion method results in depth maps with perfect well ties and geologically reasonable depth estimates away from wells.
Synergistic Activation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway by Dvl and Casein Kinase Iε (2001)

Although casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon) has been shown to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway positively, its mode of action is not clear. In this study we show that CKIepsilon activates the Wnt signaling pathway in co-operation with Dvl. CKIepsilon and Axin associated with different sites of Dvl, and CKIepsilon and Dvl interacted with distinct regions on Axin. Therefore, these three proteins formed a ternary complex. Either low expression of Dvl or CKIepsilon alone did not accumulate beta-catenin, but their co-expression accumulated greatly. Dvl and CKIepsilon activated the transcriptional activity of T cell factor (Tcf) synergistically. Although the Dvl mutant that binds to Axin but not to CKIepsilon activated Tcf, it did not synergize with CKIepsilon. Another Dvl mutant that does not bind to Axin did not activate Tcf irrespective of the presence of CKIepsilon. Furthermore, Dvl and CKIepsilon co-operatively induced axis duplication of Xenopus embryos. These results indicate that Dvl and CKIepsilon synergistically activated the Wnt signaling pathway and that the binding of the complex of Dvl and CKIepsilon to Axin is necessary for their synergistic action.
Drug-induced expression of the RNA-binding protein HuR attenuates the adaptive response to BRAF inhibition in melanoma (2019)

Strategies that aim to limit the adaptive response to pathway inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma face the inherent limit of signaling redundancy and multiplicity of possible bypass mechanisms. Drug-induced expression of selected RNA-binding proteins, like the ubiquitously expressed HuR, has the potential to differentially stabilize the expression of many genes involved in the compensatory mechanisms of adaptive response. Here, we detect in BRAF-mutated melanoma cell lines having a higher propensity for adaptive response and in non-responding melanoma tumors, a larger proportion of HuR<sup>Low</sup> cells in the expression distribution of HuR. Using knockdown experiments, we demonstrate, through expression profiling and phenotypic assays, that increasing the proportion of HuR<sup>Low</sup> cells favors the adaptive response to BRAF inhibition, provided that the HuR<sup>Low</sup> state stays reversible. The MAPK dependency of melanoma cells appears to be diminished as the proportion of HuR<sup>Low</sup> cells increases. In single-cell assays, we demonstrate that the HuR<sup>Low</sup> cells display plasticity in their growth expression profile. Importantly, the adaptive over-proliferating cells emerge in the subpopulation containing the HuR<sup>Low</sup> cells. Therapeutic concentrations of lithium salts, although they moderately increase the global expression of HuR, are sufficient to suppress the HuR<sup>Low</sup> cells, induce an overall less resistant expression profile and attenuate in a HuR-dependent manner the adaptive response of melanoma cells in ex vivo assays. The therapeutic effectiveness of this approach is also demonstrated in vivo in mice xenografts. This study has immediate clinical relevance for melanoma therapy and opens a new avenue of strategies to prevent the adaptive response to targeted cancer therapy.
Passive athermal-packaged tunable fiber Bragg grating for OADMs (2002)

Wavelength selectivity and temperature insensitivity of fiber Bragg gratings are simultaneously achieved by using a bending bimetal structure with a spring. The Bragg wavelength shift is less than 0.1 nm from -20/spl deg/C to 80/spl deg/C and the switching wavelength range can be 0.8 nm with the switching time less than 8 ms.
Clinical and pathological insights into the dynamic nature of the white matter multiple sclerosis plaque (2015)

Disease duration, clinical course, age, and gender contribute to the dynamic nature of white matter MS pathology. Active MS plaques predominate in acute and early RRMS and are the likely substrate of clinical attacks. Progressive MS transitions to an accumulation of smoldering plaques characterized by microglial activation and slow expansion of pre-existing plaques. Whether current MS therapeutics impact this pathological driver of disease progression remains uncertain.
Characteristics, Determinants, and Clinical Relevance of CD4 T Cell Recovery to <500 Cells/ L in HIV Type 1--Infected Individuals Receiving Potent Antiretroviral Therapy (2005)

Individuals with incomplete CD4 T cell recovery to <500 cells/microL had more advanced HIV-1 infection at baseline. CD4 T cell changes during the first 3-6 months of ART already reflect the capacity of the immune system to replenish depleted CD4 T lymphocytes.
Motionless microscopy with tunable thermal lens (2018)

The ability to modify the lens focal length has an advantage of giving sharp images without moving the lens. This work presents for the first time the use of the thermal lens as a tunable imaging element of the microscope. It shows also that the thermal lens can modify the image of a selected area of the sample, leaving the rest part of the image unaffected. Thus, appropriate tuning of thermal lens can lead to a simultaneously sharp image of two objects lying in different object planes separated by a distance exceeding the depth of field of the imaging optics.
Industrial exploitation of computer vision in logistic automation: autonomous control of an intelligent forklift truck (2002)

The paper describes an application of computer vision in the autonomous guidance of a traditional forklift truck, ROBOLIFT, which is a product of Elsag Bailey Telerobot and FIAT OM. Computer vision represents the main sensory system for both navigation and load recognition. The system is now shifting from the prototype stage to production and commercialization. Field tests have been carried out and results are reported.
Aqueous solubilization of crystalline fullerenes by supramolecular complexation with γ-cyclodextrin and sulfocalix[8]arene under mechanochemical high-speed vibration milling (1999)

The solid-state supramolecular complexation of fullerenes C60 and C70 as well as some derivatives of C60 was attained with γ-cyclodextrin by the use of a mechanochemical high-speed vibration milling technique. Similarly C60 and the fullerene dimer C120 were complexed with sulfocalix[8]arene. The complexes produced were found to be soluble in water, and their solubility was examined by UV-vis spectroscopy.
Elastic turbulence in von Karman swirling flow between two disks (2007)

We discuss the role of elastic stress in the statistical properties of elastic turbulence, realized by the flow of a polymer solution between two disks. The dynamics of the elastic stress are analogous to those of a small-scale fast dynamo in magnetohydrodynamics, and to those of the turbulent advection of a passive scalar in the Batchelor regime. Both systems are theoretically studied in the literature, and this analogy is exploited to explain the statistical properties, the flow structure, and the scaling observed experimentally. The following features of elastic turbulence are confirmed experimentally and presented in this paper: (i) The rms of the vorticity (and that of velocity gradients) saturates in the bulk of the elastic turbulent flow, leading to the saturation of the elastic stress. (ii) The rms of the velocity gradients (and thus the elastic stress) grows linearly with Wi in the boundary layer, near the driving disk. The rms of the velocity gradients in the boundary layer is one to two orders of magnitude larger than in the bulk. (iii) The PDFs of the injected power at either constant angular speed or torque show skewness and exponential tails, which both indicate intermittent statistical behavior. Also the PDFs of the normalized accelerations, which can be related to the statistics of velocity gradients via the Taylor hypothesis, exhibit well-pronounced exponential tails. (iv) A new length scale, i.e., the thickness of the boundary layer, as measured from the profile of the rms of the velocity gradient, is found to be relevant for the boundary layer of the elastic stresses. The velocity boundary layer just reflects some of the features of the boundary layer of the elastic stresses (rms of the velocity gradients). This measured length scale is much smaller than the vessel size. (v) The scaling of the structure functions of the vorticity, velocity gradients, and injected power is found to be the same as that of a passive scalar advected by an elastic turbulent velocity field.
Photoswitchable Particles for On‐Demand Degradation and Triggered Release (2013)

On-demand degradable polymer particles are fabricated via electrospraying of a solution of acetal-protected dextran that further includes 2-(4-methoxystyryl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine as a photoacid generator. The illumination of UV light gives rise to photoacid and activates the catalytic deprotection of hydroxyl groups of dextran, leading to controlled dissolution of the microparticles in water.
A study of safety applications in vehicular networks (2005)

Car crashes claim the lives of more than 100,000 people every year in the US alone. Forming ad-hoc networks among vehicles traveling on a highway can be very helpful to avoid such deadly accidents and pile-ups. In this paper, we define two classes of applications for such networks: safety-related applications and Internet connectivity. We also propose a new model for highway traffic and events that can be used to automatically generate movement files readable by the NS-2.28 simulator. Through simulations of such vehicular networks using flooding and IEEE 802.11 for safety-related applications, we attempt to answer the fundamental question: are highway vehicular networks feasible and efficient for safety purposes
TRAIL-receptor 1 IgM antibodies strongly induce apoptosis in human cancer cells<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2016)

Agonistic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptor-specific antibodies are attractive antitumor therapeutics. Recently, our group has generated several human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to TRAIL-receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) (TR1-IgGs) using ISAAC technology. However, these TR1-IgGs did not demonstrate ideal apoptosis-inducing capacity in the absence of additional antibodies. To overcome this limitation, we class-switched the TR1-IgGs to TRAIL-R1 IgM antibodies (TR1-IgMs); TR1-IgMs might possess high valency and facilitate the crosslinking of the cell surface receptors. We showed that the TR1-IgMs bound TRAIL-R1, activated the caspase signal, and induced strong apoptosis (100-fold higher compared with the IgG form in one case) in human tumor cell lines without any additional crosslinking in vitro. We further demonstrated that these TR1-IgMs dramatically inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model through the caspase activation cascade. These data suggest that TR1-IgMs may become potential immunotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy.