gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general, extracorporeal immunoadsorption method to increase the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy. (1993)

The aim of this study was to investigate a new extracorporeal immunoadsorption method to improve tumor-to-normal tissue ratios in radioimmunoimaging (RII) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT). We have developed and investigated a general method using biotinylated antibodies and an agarose-avidin column for extracorporeal immunoadsorption. The studies were made in an animal model and extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) was performed 24 or 48 hr after the injection of 125I-labeled biotinylated antibodies. In athymic rats, heterotransplanted with human malignant melanoma, 90%-95% of the circulating activity was removed with ECIA. The tumor-to-normal tissue ratios at 24 hr was increased 4 times (from 1.2 to 5.1) in the liver, 2.5 times (0.7 to 1.8) in the lung, 4 times (1 to 4) in the kidneys and 4 times (1.4 to 5) in the bone marrow. Whole body activity was reduced by 40%-50%. Tumor-to-organ ratios at 48 hr were increased 3.5 times (from 1.5 to 5.2) in the liver, 2 times (0.9 to 1.7) in the lung, 3 times (1.3 to 3.8) in the kidneys and 4 times (1.4 to 5.5) in the bone marrow. Whole body activity was reduced by 35% when ECIA was performed 48 hr after injection. This study proves that an important reduction in background activity, and thereby an improvement in the tumor-to-background ratio, can be achieved by using this generally applicable, biotin-avidin ECIA method. For RII, the improved ratio increases the possibilities of detecting tumors and metastases in blood-rich organs. For RIT, the procedure may lead to a decreased absorbed dose to bone marrow and other critical organs.
An open-label, phase 1b, dose-escalation study (CA180-373) of dasatinib plus nivolumab, an investigational anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody, in patients (pts) with previously treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). (2014)

TPS7119 Background: CML has become a chronic disease for many pts treated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, new approaches are needed to increase the prevalence of deep responses suitable for treatment discontinuation and to treat resistant/recurrent CML. Immune cell–mediated approaches (eg, stem cell transplantation, interferon-α) can be effective. PD-1 ligation provides a negative costimulatory signal governing the balance between T-cell activation and tolerance. The potent second-generation TKI dasatinib may have synergy with nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody. Nivolumab has shown encouraging clinical activity against several solid tumors. PD-1 is upregulated on CD8+ T cells in CML pts (Christiansson PLoS ONE 2013;8:e55818) and blocking the PD-1/ligand interaction prolonged survival in a murine model (Mumprecht Blood 2009;114:1528-36). The study will assess safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of dasatinib + nivolumab in previously treated CML in chronic or accelerated phase (CP/AP). Methods: In this open-label, phase 1b dose-escalation study, pts must be aged ≥18 years (y) and have Philadelphia chromosome–positive CML-CP/AP, ECOG performance status ≤1, and no known dasatinib-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutations. Pts must have received ≥2 prior TKIs, be progressing, or have had resistance, intolerance, or suboptimal response to the most recent therapy. Treatment in the dose-escalation phase is dasatinib 100 mg (CP) or 140 mg (AP) once daily with nivolumab 0.3 mg/kg (dose level [DL] –1), 1 mg/kg (DL 1), or 3 mg/kg (DL 2) by intravenous injection every 2 weeks for ≤2 y, followed by ≤1 y of dasatinib only. Treatment in the expansion phase will be dasatinib (same doses) + nivolumab (dose based on safety). The primary objective is to determine safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints are major molecular response (MMR) and molecular response (MR)4.5 rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months and time to and duration of MMR and MR4.5 up to 36 months. Estimated completion: August 2018. Clinical trial information: NCT02011945.
Minimizing power consumption in digital CMOS circuits (1995)

An approach is presented for minimizing power consumption for digital systems implemented in CMOS which involves optimization at all levels of the design. This optimization includes the technology used to implement the digital circuits, the circuit style and topology, the architecture for implementing the circuits and at the highest level the algorithms that are being implemented. The most important technology consideration is the threshold voltage and its control which allows the reduction of supply voltage without significant impact on logic speed. Even further supply reductions can be made by the use of an architecture-based voltage scaling strategy, which uses parallelism and pipelining, to tradeoff silicon area and power reduction. Since energy is only consumed when capacitance is being switched power can be reduced by minimizing this capacitance through operation reduction choice of number representation, exploitation of signal correlations, resynchronization to minimize glitching, logic design, circuit design, and physical design. The low-power techniques that are presented have been applied to the design of a chipset for a portable multimedia terminal that supports pen input, speech I/O and full-motion video. The entire chipset that performs protocol conversion, synchronization, error correction, packetization, buffering, video decompression and D/A conversion operates from a 1.1 V supply and consumes less than 5 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling inertial sensors errors using Allan variance (2004)

It is well known that Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) can provide high accuracy information on the position, velocity, and attitude over a short time period. However, their accuracy degrades rapidly with time. The requirements for accurate estimation of navigation information necessitate the modeling of the sensors' noise components. Several methods have been devised for stochastic modeling of inertial sensors noise. Each of them is useful but each has its own disadvantage. The Adaptive Kalman filter is one of the mostly used methods to estimate inertial sensor noise, but the form of the model needs to be known first. Frequency domain approaching uses the power spectral density to estimate transfer functions. It is straightforward but it is difficult for non­system analysts to understand. In the time domain methods, the correlation function approach is very model sensitive. Variance techniques are basically very similar, and primarily differ only in that various signal processing, by way of weighting functions, window functions, etc., are incorporated into the analysis algorithms in order to achieve a particular desired result for improving the model characterizations. The simplest technique is the Allan variance method. Allan variance is a method of representing root mean square (RMS) random drift error as a function of average time. It is simple to compute and relatively simple to interpret and understand. Allan variance method can be used to determine the character of the underlying random processes that give rise to the data noise. This technique can be used to characterize various types of noise terms in the inertial sensor data by performing certain operations on the entire length of data. In this thesis, the Allan variance technique is used in noise analysis of different grade Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), which include: • Navigation grade IMU: The Honeywell Commercial IMU (CIMU); • Tactical grade IMU: The Honeywell HG 1700; and ■ Consumer grade MEMS based IMU: The Systron Donner MotionPak II-3g By performing a simple operation on the entire length of data, a characteristic curve is obtained whose inspection provides a systematic characterization of various random errors contained in the inertial sensor output data. Being a directly measurable quantity, Allan variance can provide information on the types and magnitude of various noise terms. The research work will cover both the theoretical basis for Allan Variance for modeling inertial sensors noise terms, and its implementation in modeling different noise terms existing in the different grade inertial sensors. Simple implementation and ease of interpretation make the Allan variance method suitable in inertial sensor noise identification and stochastic modeling.
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Softwoods (1999)

Whole tree chips obtained from softwood forest thinnings were converted to ethanol via a two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis followed by yeast fermentation. The chips were first impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid, then pretreated in a steam explosion reactor to hydrolyze more than 90% of the hemicellulose and approx 10% of the cellulose. The hydrolysate was filtered and washed with water to recover the sugars. The washed fibers were then subjected to a second acid impregnation and hydrolysis to hydrolyze as much as 45% of the remaining cellulose. The liquors from both hydrolysates were combined and fermented to ethanol by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast that had been adapted to the inhibitors. Based on available hexose sugars, ethanol yields varied from 74 to 89% of theoretical. Oligosaccharide contents higher than about 10% of the total available sugar appear to have a negative impact on ethanol yield.
A Semianalytical Spectral Element Method for the Analysis of 3-D Layered Structures (2010)

A semianalytical spectral element method (SEM) is proposed for electromagnetic simulations of 3-D layered structures. 2-D spectral elements are employed to discretize the cross section of a layered structure, and the Legendre transformation is then used to cast the semidiscretized problem from the Lagrangian system into the Hamiltonian system. A Riccati equation-based high precision integration method is utilized to perform integration along the longitudinal direction, which is the undiscretized direction, to generate the stiffness matrix of the whole layered structure. The final system of equations by the semianalytical SEM will take the form of a set of linear equations with a block tri-diagonal matrix, which can be solved efficiently by the block Thomas algorithm. Numerical examples demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Derivatives of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid. V. Synthesis of 6-Aminopenicillanyl Alcohol and Certain Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid. V. Synthesis of 6-Aminopenicillanyl Alcohol and Certain Derivatives1Y. G. Perron, L. B. Crast, J. M. Essery, R. R. Fraser, J. C. Godfrey, C. T. Holdrege, W. F. Minor, M. E. Neubert, R. A. Partyka, and L. C. CheneyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 4, 483–487Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00334a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00334a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer arithmetic implemented with QCA: A progress report (2010)

This paper presents a review of designs for performing arithmetic operations with Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). An overview of implementations of adders, multipliers and dividers is provided. Ripple carry, carry lookahead and conditional sum adder designs are compared. The rather surprising result is that with a carefully tailored full adder, ripple carry adders are faster in QCA than carry lookahead and conditional sum adders. Array and “fast” (Wallace and Dadda) multipliers are compared. Finally a Goldschmidt divider is implemented. All of the designs have been simulated with QCA Designer, a simulator that simplifies the estimation of area and delay.
Electric-Acoustic Stimulation of the Auditory System (1999)

Various devices have been developed to overcome the widespread phenomenon of different degrees of hearing deficits between mild and profound hearing loss. Basically, we differentiate between acoustic stimulation (hearing aids), restricted to cases with a partially functioning cochlear receptor, and electrical stimulation (cochlear implants), stimulating the auditory nerve directly in cases with profound or total hearing loss. For the first time, animal data have been collected that indicate the possibility of nearly interference-free use of both stimulation types simultaneously. In addition, we have gathered the first clinical patient experience, which confirms the encouraging results. Future implications for patients with severe high-frequency hearing loss are discussed.
Towards accountable management of identity and privacy: sticky policies and enforceable tracing services (2004)

Digital identities and profiles are precious assets. On one hand they enable users to engage in transactions and interactions on the Internet. On the other hand, abuses and leakages of this information could violate the privacy of their owners, sometimes with serious consequences. Nowadays most of the people have limited understanding of security and privacy policies when applied to their confidential information and little control over the destiny of this information since it has been disclosed to third parties. In most cases this is a matter of trust. This document describes an innovative approach and related mechanisms to enforce users' privacy by putting users in control and making organizations more accountable. As part of our ongoing research activity, we introduce a technical solution based on sticky policies and tracing services that leverages identity-based encryption (IBE) and TCPA technologies. Work is in progress to build a full working prototype and deploy it in a real-life environment.
A Comprehensive Model of Determinants of Property Tax Assessment Quality: Evidence in New York State (2008)

This study proposes and examines a comprehensive model for the determinants of property tax assessment quality. In addition to providing evidence in support of reform of property tax administration by institutionalizing the full market value standard, a specific revaluation cycle, and county or statewide assessment functions, this study examines the impact of the monitoring pressure of residents on the quality of assessment. The empirical results reveal that the median tax share, the median property value as a share of median income, the ratio of state aid to total expenditures, and the share of adults with college or higher education have significant impacts on the quality of property tax assessment.
Dominant Gating Governing Transient GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor Activity: A First Latency and<i>P</i><sub>o/o</sub>Analysis (2001)

Steady-state, single-channel gating of GABA(A) receptors (GABARs ) is complex. Simpler gating may dominate when triggered by rapid GABA transients present during fast inhibitory synaptic transmission and is critical to understanding the time course of fast IPSCs. We studied the single-channel activity of expressed alpha1beta1gamma2 GABARs in outside-out patches from human embryonic kidney 293 cells triggered by rapidly applied GABA (10-2000 microm) pulses (2-300 msec). Activation was analyzed with the time to first channel opening after GABA presentation, or first latency (FL). FL distributions are monoexponential at low GABA concentrations and biexponential above 30 microm GABA. The fast rate increases supralinearly to a plateau of approximately 1100 sec(-1), the apparent activation rate. The slow rate and amplitude are insensitive to GABA concentration. The results argue that doubly liganded receptors can rapidly desensitize before opening. Gating after the first opening was quantified with analysis of open probability conditioned on the first opening (P(o/o)). P(o/o) functions are biexponential, dominated by a fast component, and insensitive to GABA concentration. This suggests that open channels convert primarily to fast but also to slow desensitized states. Furthermore, dual modes of fast desensitization may influence IPSC amplitude and thereby synaptic efficacy. The findings provided for the construction of a mathematical gating model that accounts for FL and P(o/o) functions. In addition, the model predicts the time course of macroscopic current responses thought to mimic IPSCs. The results provide new insights into dominant gating that is likely operational during fast GABAergic synaptic transmission.
Optimization of Polydopamine Coatings (2015)

Polydopamine coatings were fabricated onto the surfaces of glass slides, silicon wafers, and Teflon pieces. A method to change surface properties was optimized, providing a new way of using substrates by means of make-over surface properties. The technology has a wide range of potential approaches including high performance coatings and biomedical surfaces. The experiments can be conducted with various types of surface modifications to make surfaces hydrophilic, hydrophobic, conductive, or magnetic. The changes of film thickness and surface energy as functions of incubation time were quantified by means of ellipsometry, profilometry, and contact angle measurements. The use of primer polydopamine serves as a starting point for additional exterior layer fabrication including PEG and silver particles. Polydopamine coatings can be applied to many different materials which gives it a great potential for expansion in the future. Testing a new, simpler method of creating these coatings is expected to be a significant contribution for many biomedical applications such as wound healing and tissue engineering. Surface modification will be able to be done with greater ease and be applied to many types of material with complex shape and multiple uses at lower costs. Glass slides, silicon wafers, and Teflon pieces were soaked in a polydopamine solution to determine the optimum incubation time, when the thickness on the substrate plateaus. The glass and silicon have very similar surfaces properties and both result in an optimum incubation time of 24 hours with a coating of about 40 nm. The optimum incubation time for Teflon is also about 24 hours and results in a polydopamine coating of 16 nm. The methods are described below for cleaning and dip-coating the substrates to provide uniform and stable coatings.
Shape-controlled growth of one-dimensional Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>nanomaterials (2004)

This paper describes a simple surfactant-assisted solvothermal approach to the large-scale synthesis of one-dimensional Sb2O3 nanorods, needle-like fibres, nanobelts and nanotubes. The shape of Sb2O3 nanomaterials can be controlled by the concentration of the reactants and CTAB. The growth mechanism and the factors that affect the shapes of 1D Sb2O3 nanomaterials are briefly discussed.
Differential distribution of lymphocytes and accessory cells in mouse Peyer's patches (1986)

The aim of this immunohistologic study was to determine how lymphocytes and accessory cells associated with antigen processing are distributed in the domes of Peyer's patches. Monoclonal antibodies against mouse B cells (anti-B220), T cells (anti-Thy-1.2), T helper cells (anti-L3T4), T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (anti-Lyt-2), macrophages (anti-Mac-1), and Ia+ cells (anti-I-Ad) were applied to cryostat sections of mouse Peyer's patches and visualized with peroxidase-conjugated avidin-biotin complexes (ABC). The subepithelial dome, the dome epithelium, and the follicle crypt epithelium were ech surveyed for cells labeled with these antibodies. Each region had a characteristic and nonrandom distribution of labeled cells. In the subepithelial dome, B cells, T helper cells, macrophages, and Ia+ accessory cells formed a cellular meshwork between follicle and the dome epithelium. T cytotoxic/suppressor cells were sparse beneath the epithelium. In the dome epithelium, solitary and paired lymphocytes occurred both above and below the level of epithelial cell nuclei. B cells predominated, and both T helper cells and T cytotoxic/suppressor cells were present. B cells sometimes aggregated in small clusters. Macrophages were rarely observed in the epithelium. The distribution of cells in the dome epithelium was distinctly different from non-Peyer's patch intestine where T cytotoxic/suppressor cells predominated and B cells were few in number. Although lymphocytes were usually absent in crypts outside Peyer's patches, in follicle crypts B cells and T cells were seen but not Ia+ accessory cells or macrophages. Most of the T cells in the crypt epithelium were T cytotoxic/suppressor cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel monoclonal antibody L2A5 specifically targeting sialyl-Tn and short glycans terminated by alpha-2–6 sialic acids (2018)

Incomplete O-glycosylation is a feature associated with malignancy resulting in the expression of truncated glycans such as the sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen. Despite all the progress in the development of potential anti-cancer antibodies, their application is frequently hindered by low specificities and cross-reactivity. In this study, a novel anti-STn monoclonal antibody named L2A5 was developed by hybridoma technology. Flow cytometry analysis showed that L2A5 specifically binds to sialylated structures on the cell surface of STn-expressing breast and bladder cancer cell lines. Moreover, immunoblotting assays demonstrated reactivity to tumour-associated O-glycosylated proteins, such as MUC1. Tumour recognition was further observed using immunohistochemistry assays, which demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity of L2A5 mAb towards cancer tissue, using bladder and colorectal cancer tissues. L2A5 staining was exclusively tumoural, with a remarkable reactivity in invasive and metastasis sites, not detectable by other anti-STn mAbs. Additionally, it stained 20% of cases of triple-negative breast cancers, suggesting application in diseases with unmet clinical needs. Finally, the fine specificity was assessed using glycan microarrays, demonstrating a highly specific binding of L2A5 to core STn antigens and additional ability to bind 2-6-linked sialyl core-1 probes. In conclusion, this study describes a novel anti-STn antibody with a unique binding specificity that can be applied for cancer diagnostic and future development of new antibody-based therapeutic applications.
Temporal Distribution and Parasite Load Kinetics in Blood and Tissues during <i>Neospora caninum</i> Infection in Mice (2006)

The kinetics of Neospora caninum loads in mice inoculated with NC-Liv or NC-1 isolates were studied. The acute phase was characterized by parasitemia and the detection of parasite DNA in several organs, whereas during the chronic phase, the parasite was detected mainly in the brain. Mice infected with NC-Liv developed clinical signs, showing higher brain parasite burdens than NC-1-infected mice.