gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel isoforms of synexin in <i>Xenopus laevis</i>: multiple tandem PGQM repeats distinguish mRNAs in specific adult tissues and embryonic stages (1996)

Synexin (annexin VII) is a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding and membrane fusion protein in the annexin gene family, which forms calcium channels and may play a role in exocytotic secretion. We report here the cloning and characterization of five novel isoforms of cDNAs encoding Xenopus synexin from brain, oocyte and stage 24 cDNA libraries. The most prevalent Xenopus synexin has 1976 bp of cDNA sequence, which contains a 1539 bp open reading frame of 512 amino acids encoding a 54 kDa protein. This Xenopus protein is 6 kDa larger than the previously reported human and mouse synexins with which it shares approx. 73% identity in the C-terminal region and approx. 44% identity in the N-terminal region. Further studies with PCR revealed the molecular basis of the substantial divergence in the Xenopus synexin's N-terminal domain. The domain equivalent to the mammalian tissue-specific cassette exon occurs at a different position and is variable in size and sequence. The most interesting observation relates to the occurrence of different forms of synexin due to the varying numbers of tandem PGQM repeats that are expressed differently in different adult tissues and embryonic stages. For these reasons we have labelled this set of unique isoforms annexin VIIb, referring to mammalian forms, which lack the PGQM tandem repeats, as annexin VIIa. In spite of these differences from annexin VIIa, the form of recombinant annexin VIIb with three PGQM repeats was found to be catalytically active. We interpret these results to indicate that the actual calcium and phospholipid binding sites are conserved in Xenopus, and that the variations observed between members of the synexin gene family in the regulatory domain clearly point towards the tissue- and stage-specific roles of individual members, possibly involving the exocytotic process.
Field Efficacy of Sweet Corn Hybrids Expressing a <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Toxin for Management of <I>Ostrinia nubilalis</I> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and <I>Helicoverpa zea</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2001)

Field studies were done in 1995-1996 to assess the efficacy of three sweet corn hybrids that express the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, CrylAb, against two lepidopteran pests, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The Bt hybrids tested were developed by Novartis Seeds, using the event BT-11, which expresses Bt toxin in green tissue as well as reproductive tissues including the tassel, silk, and kernel. Bt hybrids were compared with a standard non-Bt control or the non-Bt isoline for each hybrid; none of the hybrids were treated with insecticides during the study. Hybrid efficacy was based on larval control of each pest, as well as plant or ear damage associated with each pest. In both years, control of O. nubilalis larvae in primary ears of all Bt hybrids was 99-100% compared with the appropriate non-Bt check. Plant damage was also significantly reduced in all Bt hybrids. In 1996, control of H. zea in Bt hybrids ranged from 85 to 88% when compared with the appropriate non-Bt control. In 1996, a University of Minnesota experimental non-Bt hybrid (MN2 x MN3) performed as well as the Bt hybrids for control of O. nubilalis. Also, in 1996, two additional University of Minnesota experimental non-Bt hybrids (A684su X MN94 and MN2 X MN3) performed as well as Bt hybrids for percent marketable ears (ears with no damage or larvae). In addition, compared with the non-Bt hybrids, percent marketable ears were significantly higher for all Bt hybrids and in most cases ranged from 98 to 100%. By comparison, percent marketable ears for the non-Bt hybrids averaged 45.5 and 37.4% in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Results from the 2-yr study strongly suggest that Bt sweet corn hybrids will provide high levels of larval control for growers in both fresh and processing markets. Specifically, Bt sweet corn hybrids, in the absence of conventional insecticide use, provided excellent control of O. nubilalis, and very good control of H. zea. However, depending on location of specific production regions, and the associated insect pests of sweet corn in each area, some insecticide applications may still be necessary.
Sousveillance: Inventing and Using Wearable Computing Devices for Data Collection in Surveillance Environments. (2002)

This paper describes using wearable computing devices to perform "sousveillance" (inverse surveillance) as a counter to organizational surveillance. A variety of wearable computing devices generated different kinds of responses, and allowed for the collection of data in different situations. Visible sousveillance often evoked counter-performances by front-line surveillance workers. The juxtaposition of sousveillance with surveillance generates new kinds of information in a social surveillance situation.
The influence of operating conditions on the dense gas precipitation of model proteins (2000)

Dense gas techniques provide a suite of clean technology options for the processing of pharmaceuticals. Monodisperse, micron-sized particles can be produced at mild operating temperatures and with negligible solvent residue. In this study, protein was precipitated from organic solutions using dense carbon dioxide as antisolvent. The gas antisolvent precipitation process (GAS) was used to produce biologically active lysozyme, insulin, and myoglobin powders. The effects of operating temperature, solute concentration and the rate of antisolvent addition on the morphology, size, activity and residual solvent concentration of lysozyme and insulin precipitates have been examined. The powders produced consisted of uniformly sized non-aggregated spherical particles. Precipitate size was controlled between 0.05 µm and 2.0 µm by changes to the solvent and antisolvent compositions. In general the concentration of residual organic solvent was found to be dependent on the mass of antisolvent used during the washing cycle. Residual concentrations as low as 300 ppm were easily achievable in a single step. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
General expressions of average molecular weights in condensation polymerisation of polyfunctional monomers (1979)

Abstract A new method, using the propagation expectation defined by Case, is presented to compute directly and simply the general expressions of average molecular weights for condensation polymerisation of polyfunctional monomers. In particular, the weight average molecular weight in systems composed of monomers endowed with both A and B coreactive functional groups is derived.
STUDY ON SEMI-CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE BY FLOATING CATALYST METHOD (2000)

Semi continuous preparation of carbon nanotubes by floating catalyst method (FCM) was studied. All samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the grow mechanism of carbon nanotubes, a systemic discussion about the effect of three technical parameters on forms, yield and distribution of external diameter of products was carried out. At last, the optimal technical parameters were obtained under the condition of the carbon source C 6H 14 . Carbon nanotubes with diameter of 30 nm～60 nm can be obtained by using FCM.
Increased Antenna Effect of the Lanthanide Complexes by Control of a Number of Terdentate N-Donor Pyridine Ligands (2012)

Three europium complexes with the terdentate N-donor ligand 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (L) have been synthesized, and their crystal structures have been determined. The ligand/metal ratios in these complexes are 3, 2, and 1. The photophysical properties of the complexes indicate more efficient ligand sensitization of europium emission for the homoleptic complex.
Development of molecular dynamics programs for proteins with a parallelized Barnes-Hut tree code (2000)

We describe the design and the MPI-implementation of two parallel tree code molecular dynamics programs called MolTreC and Treecode AMBER, respectively. Both programs were developed using the parallel Barnes-Hut tree code for calculating Coulomb interactions which have been developed in earlier work. The parallel programs can rapidly calculate the Coulomb interactions of proteins in water without any cutoff approximations. They showed good speedups on distributed-memory multiprocessors and on PC clusters. MolTreC showed 111-fold speedup on SR2201 with 256 processors for the prowat benchmark of 11585 atoms. It was only 1.7-times slower than AMBER with 12A cutoff approximation.
Competitive access time via dynamic storage rearrangement (2002)

We model the problem of storing items in some warehouse (modeled as an undirected graph) where a server has to visit items over time, with the goal of minimizing the total distance traversed by the server. Special cases of this problem include the management of a real industrial stacker crane warehouse, automatic robot run warehouses, disk track optimization to minimize access time, managing two dimensional memory (bubble memory and mass storage systems), doubly linked list management, and the process migration problem. The static version of this problem assumes some known probability distribution on the access patterns. We initiate the study of the dynamic version of the problem, where the robot may rearrange the warehouse to deal efficiently with future events. We require no statistical assumptions on the access pattern, and give competitive algorithms that rearrange the warehouse over time to deal efficiently with the true access patterns. We give non-trivial upper bounds for the general problem, along with some interesting lower bounds. In addition, we model realistic data access patterns on disk storage by considering two practically significant scenarios: access to some database via dynamically changing alternative indices and access patterns derived from root to leaf traversals of some (unknown) tree structure. In both cases we give greatly improved competitive ratios.
Spectral and polarization responses of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures on metals (2008)

We study, for the first time, the spectral responsivity of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (FLIPSSs) in the UV, vis, and IR wavelength ranges. We find that FLIPSSs are an effective technique for controlling the optical properties of metals in the UV, vis, and near-IR spectral regions. In contrast to previous studies of FLIPSSs produced over an area of only a single irradiation spot on metals, we demonstrate that FLIPSSs can be produced over an extended area by scanning laser beam. This FLIPSS technique has potential applications in photonics, plasmonics, optoelectronics, thermal radiation sources, and bio-optical devices.
Effects of Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) on C3H mammary carcinoma<i>in vivo</i> (1997)

Magnetic fluids (MF) have a potential for hyperthermia due to their good power absorption capabilities. Recent in vitro experiments with the so-called 'Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH)' have shown that human tumours cells are homogeneously inactivated after AC magnetic field excitation of extracellular MF. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of a high dose MFH on intramuscularly implanted mammary carcinoma of the mouse. The tumours originated from initial in vivo passages of a spontaneous parent tumour. Because of larger variations of tumour growth in this rather primary model, logistic regression of non-averaged volumes was performed for each treatment modality. All growing tumours were randomized 30 days after transplantation (day of treatment) with an overall size distribution between 120-400 mm3. An intratumoural steady state temperature of 47 +/- 1.0 degrees C was maintained for 30 minutes with whole-body AC magnetic fields of 6-12.5 kA/m at 520 kHz. The magnetic fluid was #P6, which is a high biocompatible dextran magnetite. #P6 was given intratumourally (1.5 x 10(-2) mg ferrite/mm3) 20-30 minutes before excitation and was combined with magnetic targeting (50 mT), which yielded a 2.5-fold enhancement of the intratumoural iron concentration. Histological examinations of tumour tissue after intralesional ferrofluid administration alone indicated deep infiltration of the fluid into the carcinoma tissue, but no evidence of tissue damage as compared with untreated controls. In contrast, widespread tumour necrosis was observed after MFH. After application of either dextran or ferrofluid alone (no difference, p = 0.665), tumour growth was slightly delayed in comparison with untreated controls (p < 0.001). In contrast to the good fit of the controls (R = 0.92-0.87), tumour growth after MFH was much more heterogeneous; some tumours showed no evidence for regrowth at 50 days whereas others had grown quite readily. This most probably reflected the critical problem of homogeneity of the intratumoural MF distribution, which was also confirmed qualitatively by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), heterogeneous pigmentation of MFH treated tumours, and up to 1 degree C differences between temperature probes in the same tumour during AC magnetic field application. However, a quantitative comparison between intratumoural MF-heterogeneity and tumour response could not be performed in this study. Despite these current limitations, the regression analysis of the MFH data yielded a smaller tumour volume of about 1000 mm3 at 50 days growth time in contrast to all three controls. In conclusion, encouraging results have been obtained, which show, that one single high dose MFH is already able to induce local tumour control in many cases within 30 days after treatment. To overcome the uncertainties of intratumoural MF heterogeneity, advanced intralesional application methods are currently under development.
A Historical Perspective of Australia (2012)

This article presents a brief overview of Australian history. First, it stresses the time-old presence of the Aborigines so as to recall that the history of the continent-island did not start with the arrival of Captain Cook in 1770. Then, it considers the formation, in the 19th century, of a British settlers’ colony and its transformation, in the 20th century, into an English-speaking nation state. It also criticizes a certain historiographical trend that tends to relegate the Aborigine people to the pre-colonial past.
Antioxidant state and mortality from coronary heart disease in lithuanian and swedish men: concomitant cross sectional study of men aged 50 (1997)

Abstract Objective: To investigate possible risk factors and mechanisms behind the four times higher and diverging mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuanian compared with Swedish middle aged men. Design: Concomitant cross sectional comparison of randomly selected 50 year old men without serious acute or chronic disease. Methods and equipment were identical or highly standardised between the centres. Setting: LinkÖping (Sweden) and Vilnius (Lithuania). Subjects: 101 and 109 men aged 50 in LinkÖping and Vilnius respectively. Main outcome measures: Anthropometric data, blood pressure, smoking, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation, and plasma concentrations of fat soluble antioxidant vitamins. Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher (141 v 133 mm Hg, P<0.01), smoking habits were similar, and plasma total cholesterol (5.10 v 5.49 mmol/l, P<0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.30 v 3.68 mmol/l, P<0.01) lower in men from Vilnius compared with those from LinkÖping. Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations did not differ between the two groups. The resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation was lower in the men from Vilnius; lag phase was 67.6 v 79.5 minutes (P<0.001). Also lower in the men from Vilnius were mean plasma concentrations of lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins (ß carotene 377 v 510 nmol/l, P<0.01; lycopene 327 v 615 nmol/l, P<0.001; and lipid adjusted tocopherol 0.25 v 0.46 µmol/mmol, P<0.001. Tocopherol concentration did not differ). Regression analysis showed that the lag phase was still significantly shorter by 10 minutes in men from Vilnius when the influence of other known factors was taken into account. Conclusions: The high mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuania is not caused by traditional risk factors alone. Mechanisms related to antioxidant state may be important. Key messages Mortality from coronary heart disease in 50-54 year old men is four times higher in Lithuania than in Sweden Differences in traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease in 50 year old men in LinkÖping (Sweden) and Vilnius (Lithuania) were small–systolic blood pressure was higher in men from Vilnius, but total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were lower and smoking habits similar The resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation was lower in men from Vilnius and remained after adjustment for antioxidant vitamin concentrations Plasma concentrations of the antioxidant vitamins, ß carotene, lycopene, and lipid adjusted tocopherol were lower in men from Vilnius; tocopherol did not differ Mechanisms related to antioxidant state may be important in explaining the much higher mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuanian compared with Swedish middle aged men
Iterative correction of Hi-C data reveals hallmarks of chromosome organization (2012)

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The use of GPS for precise time tagging of power system disturbances and in overhead line fault location (1994)

For many years it has been recognised that the power system data captured by disturbance recorders (DRs), sequence of event recorders (SERs) and SCADA systems could be far more valuable if they all used a common time standard to 'time tag' their measurements or recordings. Common time standards, based on local 'master clocks' have been used within individual sites, e.g. generating stations, substations and large industrial installations for many years. More recently, the time code signal transmitted by MSF-Rugby has been used for time synchronisation between multiple sites. Reception of the MSF signal is very variable and subject to interference when the receiver antenna is situated near to high voltage electrical plant. Following the recent changes in the organisation of the electricity supply industry it has become more important for DRs, SERs and SCADA to use a reliable common time standard across the whole of the UK to differentiate between cause and effect of, and hence of liability for, disturbances on the power system.
A 100 Mbit/s tracked optical wireless telepoint (2002)

This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a demonstration 100 Mbit/s tracked optical wireless telepoint system. The prototype uses switched linear laser and detector arrays, each imaged onto a small part of the total area, to allow wide coverage at high data rates. A separate tracking system monitors the relative mobility of nodes and switches the transceiver elements to maintain communication. A combination of operation at 1500 nm and a large number of switched laser elements (16) result in Class 1, eye safe, operation.
Fibrin suspension as a substrate fop plasmin: determination and kinetics. (1979)

Fibrin polymers formed from fibrinogen with thrombin in the presence of EDTA were suspended in a medium containing glucose, arabic gum and imidazole-HCl buffer and were sonicated at 20 kHz for 20 min to make a suspension containing fibrin particles of small size. The fibrin suspension was used as a substrate of plasmin for determining the enzymic activity of plasmin and plasminogen activated with urokinase. The kinetic study on the reaction of the fibrin particles with plasmin in the presence and the absence of fibrinogen revealed that Km value of fibrin for plasmin is 4.2 x 10(-7) M and the Ki value of fibrinogen is 1.2 x 10(-5) M.
Defending against Whitebox Adversarial Attacks via Randomized Discretization (2019)

Adversarial perturbations dramatically decrease the accuracy of state-of-the-art image classifiers. In this paper, we propose and analyze a simple and computationally efficient defense strategy: inject random Gaussian noise, discretize each pixel, and then feed the result into any pre-trained classifier. Theoretically, we show that our randomized discretization strategy reduces the KL divergence between original and adversarial inputs, leading to a lower bound on the classification accuracy of any classifier against any (potentially whitebox) $\ell_\infty$-bounded adversarial attack. Empirically, we evaluate our defense on adversarial examples generated by a strong iterative PGD attack. On ImageNet, our defense is more robust than adversarially-trained networks and the winning defenses of the NIPS 2017 Adversarial Attacks & Defenses competition.
Synthesis of a Functionalized Insoluble Polystyrene-bound Zinc (II) Phthalocyanine and the Metal Free Resin (2001)

In this paper, the synthesis of two interesting resins based on phthalocyanines, for further photophysical studies, have been described. At first, the synthesis of a cesium salt of Zn (II) tetra-substituted carboxy-phthalocyanine from conventional routes, starting from trimellitic anhydride, urea, zine acetate and ammonium molybdate, has been described. This salt was then covalently attached to an insoluble functionalized polystyrene matrix, with a known functionality, to produce a new resin, the functionality of which has been calculated. The polystyrene matrix carries a nitro group at the o-position of the methyl group on the benzene ring, which makes the photophysical properties of the synthesized resins interesting for production of singlet molecular oxygen. The synthesized resin with a new functionality, has then gone under metal removal reaction, using aqueous hydrochloric acid in dichloromethane. The anchored phttralocyanine chromophores have been detached successfully from the polymeric backbone to produce the free metal tetra-substituted phthalo-cyanine molecules and the functionalized polystyrene resin. Key Words: synthesis, functionalized insoluble matrix, zinc (II) phthalocyanine, metal removal
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Drainage System: Case Report and Literature Review (1998)

The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this kind of rare tumors has to be planned carefully. Radiographic examination of all masses arising in the medial canthus is essential. Dacryocystography allows the identification of space-occupying tumors in the lacrimal sac. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide the most useful information about the extent of the neoplasm and its relationship with surrounding bone structures and soft tissues. Histological examination of a biopsy sample obtained by standard dacryocystectomy is essential to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is primarily surgical, consisting of complete resection with long-term follow-up. A number of surgical procedures have been described, which are more or less aggressive depending on the extension of the tumor. Radiotherapy is indicated when bone or lymphatic invasion is evident, and when neoplastic cells are present in the resection margins. Radiotherapy alone is not considered a treatment of choice, but only a palliative option in selected cases. The follow-up data available in the literature are incomplete. In most of the literature reports, relapse occurs in 50% of patients within 5 years.