gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel method to characterize CYP21A2 in Florida patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and commercially available cell lines (2014)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder and affects approximately 1 in 15,000 births in the United States. CAH is one of the disorders included on the Newborn Screening (NBS) Recommended Uniform Screening Panel. The commonly used immunological NBS test is associated with a high false positive rate and there is interest in developing second-tier assays to increase screening specificity. Approximately 90% of the classic forms of CAH, salt-wasting and simple virilizing, are due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. These include single nucleotide changes, insertions, deletions, as well as chimeric genes involving CYP21A2 and its highly homologous pseudogene CYP21A1P. A novel loci-specific PCR approach was developed to individually amplify the CYP21A2 gene, the nearby CYP21A1P pseudogene, as well as any 30 kb deletion and gene conversion mutations, if present, as single separate amplicons. Using commercially available CAH positive specimens and 14 families with an affected CAH proband, the single long-range amplicon approach demonstrated higher specificity as compared to previously published methods.
Neuroprotection possibilities in epileptic children. (2005)

Important and difficult problem of neuroprotective therapy in childhood epilepsy require further experimental and clinical investigations.
A bioresorbable barrier in the treatment of gingival recession: description of a new resorbable dome device. (2001)

The biologic principle of guided tissue regeneration has been expanded to mucogingival surgery, using resorbable barrier membranes for the treatment of gingival recessions. Space provision is one of the main problems in non-space making defects, considering the softness of resorbable membranes. In this study, we tested the possibility to create and maintain a secluded space using a slow, long-lasting resorbable suture so that a resorbable dome device could support the barrier and immediately become a space-making device. Ten purely mucogingival recessions in ten patients were treated. At 12 months, the results were evaluated. In five subjects the gingival margin was within 1 mm of the cementoenamel junction, in four patients it was within 2 mm, and in one case a residual gingival recession was present (where the membrane became exposed). The mean root coverage obtained was 70.4%, while the mean gain of clinical attachment was 3.3 mm.
Enhanced radiosensitization of human glioma cells by combining inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (2009)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common primary brain tumor and are resistant to standard therapies. The nondividing nature of normal brain provides an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic ratio by combining radiation with inhibitors of replication-specific DNA repair pathways. Based on our previous findings that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) increases radiosensitivity of human glioma cells in a replication-dependent manner and generates excess DNA breaks that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR), we hypothesized that inhibition of HR would amplify the replication-specific radiosensitizing effects of PARP inhibition. Specific inhibitors of HR are not available, but the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) has been reported to inhibit HR function. The radiosensitizing effects of 17-AAG and the PARP inhibitor olaparib were assessed, and the underlying mechanisms explored. 17-AAG down-regulated Rad51 and BRCA2 protein levels, abrogated induction of Rad51 foci by radiation, and inhibited HR measured by the I-Sce1 assay. Individually, 17-AAG and olaparib had modest, replication-dependent radiosensitizing effects on T98G glioma cells. Additive radiosensitization was observed with combination treatment, mirrored by increases in gammaH2AX foci in G(2)-phase cells. Unlike olaparib, 17-AAG did not increase radiation sensitivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells, indicating tumor specificity. However, 17-AAG also enhanced radiosensitivity in HR-deficient cells, indicating that its effects were only partially mediated by HR inhibition. Additional mechanisms are likely to include destabilization of oncoproteins that are up-regulated in GBM. 17-AAG is therefore a tumor-specific, replication-dependent radiosensitizer that enhances the effects of PARP inhibition. This combination has therapeutic potential in the management of GBM.
Phase transition of an exciton system in GaAs coupled quantum wells (1990)

We have observed a sharp reduction of the photoluminescence linewidth from a two-dimensional exciton system (coupled GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells), at a certain critical temperature (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$) and under the influence of an electric field. We attribute this narrowing to a phase transition of the exciton system into an ordered state. The experiments suggest that a coherence length long enough to wash out the effect of the fluctuations, which cause the line broadening, is introduced below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$.
Highly Flexible and All-Solid-State Paperlike Polymer Supercapacitors (2010)

In recent years, much effort have been dedicated to achieve thin, lightweight and even flexible energy-storage devices for wearable electronics. Here we demonstrate a novel kind of ultrathin all-solid-state supercapacitor configuration with an extremely simple process using two slightly separated polyaniline-based electrodes well solidified in the H(2)SO(4)-polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte. The thickness of the entire device is much comparable to that of a piece of commercial standard A4 print paper. Under its highly flexible (twisting) state, the integrate device shows a high specific capacitance of 350 F/g for the electrode materials, well cycle stability after 1000 cycles and a leakage current of as small as 17.2 μA. Furthermore, due to its polymer-based component structure, it has a specific capacitance of as high as 31.4 F/g for the entire device, which is more than 6 times that of current high-level commercial supercapacitor products. These highly flexible and all-solid-state paperlike polymer supercapacitors may bring new design opportunities of device configuration for energy-storage devices in the future wearable electronic area.
Fluidic technology (1976)

The principles of fluidic technology are outlined and applied in the description of a fluidic controlled ventilator. The device is compact, easy to operate and practically fail-safe since it has no moving parts. There is a sensor which prevents any increase in airway pressure above the preset level.
Linear and V-Shaped Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Multiple 4<i>H</i>-Pyran-4-ylidene Moieties (2010)

A simple synthesis of dipolar one- and two-dimensional chromophores bearing two or three 4H-pyran-4-ylidene moieties is reported. Whereas the pyranylidene fragments acting as donors are proaromatic, the spacer one is not. In the linear derivatives, chain elongation gives rise to a sharp increase in the second order nonlinear optical responses, but some V-shaped derivatives display first hyperpolarizabilities (β) lower than those of their linear analogues. This uncommon feature lends experimental support to previous theoretical studies on the relative contribution and sign of the β-tensor components.
Pictures versus Pictures (2014)

La rtrospective Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) prsente dans la galerie sud-est du Grand Palais se voulait tre la premire exposition musale consacre en France sa photographie. En insistant sur l'aspect indit d'une prsentation dans les galeries nobles 1 d'un muse, le commissaire, Jrme Neutres, rappelait le traitement gnralement rserv son oeuvre dans les institutions prsentant uniquement les tirages d'exposition produits par la Mapplethorpe Foundation. La slection propose au Grand Palais se voulait exhaustive, la fois du point de vue du type ou du contenu des oeuvres. Ainsi, bien que Mapplethorpe soit connu pour ses images explicitement sexuelles, les expositions qui lui ont t consacres ont eu jusqu'ici tendance mettre en valeur l'aspect formel de sa photographie et exclure les images les plus choquantes 2 . Tout l'enjeu d'une exposition Mapplethorpe en 2014 tait donc bien d'offrir une nouvelle lecture de sa photographie.
Spin-Label EPR for Determining Polarity and Proticity in Biomolecular Assemblies: Transmembrane Profiles (2009)

Hyperfine couplings and g-values of nitroxyl spin labels are sensitive to polarity and hydrogen bonding in the environment probed. The dependences of these electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties on environmental dielectric permittivity and proticity are reviewed. Calibrations are given, in terms of the Block-Walker reaction field and local proton donor concentration, for the nitroxides that are commonly used in spin labeling of lipids and proteins. Applications to studies of the transverse polarity profiles in lipid bilayers, which constitute the permeability barrier of biological membranes, are reviewed. Emphasis is given to parallels with the permeation profiles of oxygen and nitric oxide that are determined from spin-label relaxation enhancements by using nonlinear continuous-wave EPR and saturation recovery EPR, and with permeation profiles of D(2)O that are determined by using (2)H electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy.
The hepatitis B virus-associated <i>delta</i> antigen: isolation from liver, development of solid-phase radioimmunoassays for <i>delta</i> antigen and anti-<i>delta</i> and partial characterization of <i>delta</i> antigen. (1980)

The delta antigen-antibody (delta Ag/anti-delta) system is associated with type B hepatitis in man. The delta Ag was extracted and solubilized by sonication and treatment with 6 M GuHCl from the nuclei of human liver obtained at autopsy of a delta-positive subject. A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed and used for the partial characterization of delta Ag. Equilibrium centrifugation, gel filtration and chemical and enzymatic treatments revealed delta Ag to be a protein of approximately 68,000 m.w. with a buoyant density of 1.28 g/cm3 in CsCl, stable to heat, acid, nucleases, and glycosidases, and inactivated by alkali and proteases. A standard preparation of delta Ag was used to develop a blocking solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-delta.
Comparison of the nutritive value and biological activities of the acetone, methanol and water extracts of the leaves of Bidens pilosa and Chenopodium album. (2011)

A resurgence of interest has developed in wild vegetables for their possible medicinal values in diets. Wild plant species provide minerals, fibre, vitamins and essential fatty acids and enhance taste and color in diets. For this reason, the nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the acetone, methanol and water extracts of the leaves of Bidens pilosa and Chenopodium album were investigated. The proximate analysis showed that the leaves of the plants contained appreciable percentage of moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and carbohydrate. Elemental analysis in mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) indicated that the leaves contained sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and nitrogen. The chemical composition in mg/100 g d.w. showed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, and phytate. The extracts also caused DPPH radical scavenging activities which were comparable to those of ascorbic acid. This was also the same for BHT scavenging activity. With respect to the polyphenols, the extracts of these two plants also contained appreciable levels of these phytochemicals. The extracts of these plants also caused varied inhibition of the bacterial strains used in this study.
Anatomy of GPU Memory System for Multi-Application Execution (2015)

As GPUs make headway in the computing landscape spanning mobile platforms, supercomputers, cloud and virtual desktop platforms, supporting concurrent execution of multiple applications in GPUs becomes essential for unlocking their full potential. However, unlike CPUs, multi-application execution in GPUs is little explored. In this paper, we study the memory system of GPUs in a concurrently executing multi-application environment. We first present an analytical performance model for many-threaded architectures and show that the common use of misses-per-kilo-instruction (MPKI) as a proxy for performance is not accurate without considering the bandwidth usage of applications. We characterize the memory interference of applications and discuss the limitations of existing memory schedulers in mitigating this interference. We extend the analytical model to multiple applications and identify the key metrics to control various performance metrics. We conduct extensive simulations using an enhanced version of GPGPU-Sim targeted for concurrently executing multiple applications, and show that memory scheduling decisions based on MPKI and bandwidth information are more effective in enhancing throughput compared to the traditional FR-FCFS and the recently proposed RR FR-FCFS policies.
Experimental Evaluation of Multiple Antenna Techniques for Remote Sensing of Physiological Motion (2007)

In this paper we present a wireless multiple antenna experimental system that is used for remote sensing of physiological motion. We introduce a novel detection algorithm that exploits multiple antennas. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the received signal power spectrum, where a unique cost is assigned to each spectral component. The assigned cost approximates a probability that the measured spectral component is a result of the target's motion. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluate its performance demonstrating the feasibility of the detection of the breathing signal, and demonstrating significant gains due to the application of multiple transmit and receive antennas.
Autophagy stimulation by rapamycin suppresses lung inflammation and infection by<i>Burkholderia cenocepacia</i>in a model of cystic fibrosis (2011)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited lethal disease of Caucasians which results in multi organ dysfunction. However, 85% of the deaths are due to pulmonary infections. Infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia (B. cepacia) is a particularly lethal threat to CF patients because it causes severe and persistent lung inflammation and is resistant to nearly all available antibiotics. In CFTR ΔF508 mouse macrophages, B. cepacia persists in vacuoles that do not fuse with the lysosomes and mediates increased production of IL-1β. It is believed that intracellular bacterial survival contributes to the persistence of the bacterium. Here we show for the first time that in wild-type macrophages but not in ΔF508 macrophages, many B. cepacia reside in autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes at later stages of infection. Accordingly, association and intracellular survival of B. cepacia are higher in CFTR-ΔF508 (ΔF508) macrophages than in WT macrophages. An autophagosome is a compartment that engulfs non-functional organelles and parts of the cytoplasm then delivers them to the lysosome for degradation to produce nutrients during periods of starvation or stress. Furthermore, we show that B. cepacia downregulates autophagy genes in WT and ΔF508 macrophages. However, autophagy dysfunction is more pronounced in ΔF508 macrophages since they already have compromised autophagy activity. We demonstrate that the autophagy-stimulating agent, rapamycin markedly decreases B. cepacia infection in vitro by enhancing the clearance of B. cepacia via induced autophagy. In vivo, Rapamycin decreases bacterial burden in the lungs of CF mice and drastically reduces signs of lung inflammation. Together, our studies reveal that if efficiently activated, autophagy can control B. cepacia infection and ameliorate the associated inflammation. Therefore, autophagy is a novel target for new drug development for CF patients to control B. cepacia infection and accompanying inflammation.
Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the lowermost stratosphere (2005)

Abstract. With a lidar system that was installed in Lindenberg/Germany, we observed in June 2003 an extended aerosol layer at 13km altitude in the lowermost stratosphere. This layer created an inelastic backscatter signal that we detected with a water vapour Raman channel, but that was not produced by Raman scattering. Also, we find evidence for inelastic scattering from a smoke plume from a forest fire that we observed in the troposphere. We interpret the unexpected properties of these aerosols as fluorescence induced by the laser beam at organic components of the aerosol particles. Fluorescence from ambient aerosol had not yet been considered detectable by lidar systems. However, organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sticking to the aerosol particles, or bioaerosol such as bacteria, spores or pollen fluoresce when excited with UV-radiation in a way that is detectable by our lidar system. Therefore, we conclude that fluorescence from organic material released by biomass burning creates, inelastic backscatter signals that we measured with our instrument and thus demonstrate a new and powerful way to characterize aerosols by a remote sensing technique. The stratospheric aerosol layer that we have observed in Lindenberg for three consecutive days is likely to be a remnant from Siberian forest fire plumes lifted across the tropopause and transported around the globe.
Use of Topical Hemostatic Agents during Liver Resection (2007)

Despite all recent developments in surgical techniques during liver surgery, blood loss is still one of the main causes for postoperative morbidity and mortality. Other complications include bile leakage and fluid accumulation intraperitoneally. Fibrin sealants are able not only to enhance clot formation and wound healing but possibly work as a sealing device for postoperative leakage and fistula formation. In this overview the underlying mechanisms for these agents are discussed and several clinical data concerning liver surgery will be reported.
Development, optimization, and characterization of electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers containing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (2007)

Abstract Electrospinning of poly ( L ‐ D ‐lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated with the addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) for development of a scaffold for tissue engineering. Through this experiment, it was determined that the optimal concentration of PLA with weight average molecular weight ( M w ) 250,000 g/mol is ∼20 wt % as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. This concentration produces fibers with no beading or film formation. The preferred solvent system is a combination of chloroform and dimethyl formamide to alleviate the volatile action of chloroform. The optimum processing parameters for PLA are an electric field of 1 kV/cm which was determined by a surface response plot to minimize fiber diameter based on the applied voltage, working distance, and addition of MWNT. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy has indicated the removal of the solvent system. With the addition of MWNT, the fiber diameter was drastically reduced by 70% to form fibers with a mean diameter of 700 nm. This is believed to be due to an increased surface charge density for the MWNT/polymer solution. Transmission electron microscopy validated the alignment of the MWNT within the fibers. MWNT loading exhibited an increase in the conductance of the scaffold and the tensile modulus at an optimal loading level of 0.25 wt %. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Engineering Zein Films with Controlled Surface Morphology and Hydrophilicity (2009)

A new method to engineer zein films with controlled surface morphology and hydrophilicity has been developed. The resulting surface morphology and surface hydrophilicity have been studied by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TP-AFM) and a combination of water contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Our AFM results revealed that zein films cast from acetic acid showed much smoother surfaces as compared to those cast from ethanol aqueous solutions. Furthermore, zein films of controlled hydrophilicity have been engineered through the use of UV/ozone treatment, which can efficiently decrease the water contact angles of zein films from approximately 80 degrees to less than 10 degrees within 130 s. XPS results suggest that the difference in surface hydrophilicity of zein films is due to the difference in surface elemental composition, and UV/ozone treatment converted some of the surface methyl groups mainly to carbonyl groups, therefore decreasing the water contact angles and increasing the surface hydrophilicity of zein films. This research opens up new opportunities of using zein as barrier materials and delivery vehicles for functional food ingredients, drugs, and dietary supplements.
Design of the common directory interface for DECnet/OSI (1996)

ability to store and retrieve DECnet node information from a variety of directory services. It consists of the CDI library, which enables multiple directory access, and the CDI registration tool set, which creates and maintains node/addressing information in multiple directory services. CDI was developed for the DECnet/ OSI for OpenVMS operating system version 6.0 and for the DECnet/OSI for Digital UNIX operating system version 3.0. This paper begins by presenting the product goals and the background of the CDI design. It then discusses the structure of the CDI components, the CDI library, and the CDI registration tool set.
Experimental evaluation of multilevel caches for shared memory multiprocessors (2002)

Memory subsystem design has become a critical problem in multiprocessor systems. As processor speeds increase, supplying data and instructions at those speeds is crucial in order to obtain any significant performance gains from parallel processing. Multilevel caches have been proposed for multiprocessor systems to reduce traffic on interconnections and main memory. The paper presents experimental results for various cache configurations for two-level caches for multiprocessors. The experimental evaluation is performed by detailed simulations using address traces generated by perfect club benchmark programs as well as other numerical programs executed on multiprocessors. The performance results capture the effects of block size, cache size, ratio of secondary and primary cache size, and, write-through and write-back protocols on hit ratios, access times, relative speedups and bus utilizations. Furthermore, performance of various organizations are studied for both vector and scalar data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<scp>C</scp>aracas (2019)

Abstract Caracas became the political hub of Venezuela during the colonial era. It is currently Venezuela's “primate city.” During the second half of the twentieth century millions of peasants flooded into Caracas. They settled in shantytowns that surround the historic center of the city. Residents of these shantytowns ( ranchos ) challenged the traditional ruling and middle classes for political and economic power. Rancho residents gained unprecedented power and influence after Hugo Chávez came to power in 1999. The Chávez government reduced investment in Caracas. The city's built environment decayed and public services deteriorated. The dynamism of Caracas has been stoked by several petroleum‐fueled economic bonanzas. Sharp declines in the national government's income from petroleum in 2014 and 2015 led to economic crisis. Class conflict intensified. Public services deteriorated. Meaningful improvement in Caracas's conflictual political milieu or urban services in the near future (as of early 2016) appears unlikely.