gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intuitive, Online, Simultaneous, and Proportional Myoelectric Control Over Two Degrees-of-Freedom in Upper Limb Amputees (2013)

We propose an approach for online simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the wrist, using surface electromyographic signals. The method is based on the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) of the wrist muscle activation to extract low-dimensional control signals translated by the user into kinematic variables. This procedure does not need a training set of signals for which the kinematics is known (labeled dataset) and is thus unsupervised (although it requires an initial calibration without labeled signals). The estimated control signals using NMF are used to directly control two DoFs of wrist. The method was tested on seven subjects with upper limb deficiency and on seven able-bodied subjects. The subjects performed online control of a virtual object with two DoFs to achieve goal-oriented tasks. The performance of the two subject groups, measured as the task completion rate, task completion time, and execution efficiency, was not statistically different. The approach was compared, and demonstrated to be superior to the online control by the industrial state-of-the-art approach. These results show that this new approach, which has several advantages over the previous myoelectric prosthetic control systems, has the potential of providing intuitive and dexterous control of artificial limbs for amputees.
Mediatorless, Reversible Optical Nanosensor Enabled through Enzymatic Pocket Doping (2017)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence that benefits from indefinite photostability and tissue transparency, offering a promising basis for in vivo biosensing. Existing SWCNT optical sensors that rely on charge transfer for signal transduction often require exogenous mediators that compromise the stability and biocompatibility of the sensors. This study presents a reversible, mediatorless, near-infrared glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase-wrapped SWCNTs (GOx-SWCNTs). GOx-SWCNTs undergo a selective fluorescence increase in the presence of aldohexoses, with the strongest response toward glucose. When incorporated into a custom-built membrane device, the sensor demonstrates a monotonic increase in initial response rates with increasing glucose concentrations between 3 × 10<sup>-3</sup> and 30 × 10<sup>-3</sup> m and an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of K<sub>M</sub> (app) ≈ 13.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup> m. A combination of fluorescence, absorption, and Raman spectroscopy measurements suggests a fluorescence enhancement mechanism based on localized enzymatic doping of SWCNT defect sites that does not rely on added mediators. Removal of glucose reverses the doping effects, resulting in full recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The cyclic addition and removal of glucose is shown to successively enhance and recover fluorescence, demonstrating reversibility that serves as a prerequisite for continuous glucose monitoring.
Flow Cytometric Methods for Detection and Quantifi cation of Apoptosis (2003)

The accumulation of cells characteristic of neoplastic disease results from the combination of unrestrained cell growth and diminished cell death. One form of programmed cell death, apoptosis (a Greek neologism meaning “dropping off” that conjures images of leaves falling from a tree in autumn), is an important mechanism of normal cellular population control (1). Cells that are physiologically unwanted (e.g., auto-reactive lymphocytes) and cells that have suffered irreversible DNA-damaging injury (e.g., from ultraviolet light or irradiation) may be eliminated via apoptosis. Cytoreductive antineoplastic therapy operates in part by triggering apoptosis of susceptible cells (2,3).
Characterization of a Candidate <i>bcl-1</i> Gene (1991)

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation has been associated with human B-lymphocytic malignancy. Several examples of this translocation have been cloned, documenting that this abnormality joins the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene to the bcl-1 locus on chromosome 11. However, the identification of the bcl-1 gene, a putative dominant oncogene, has been elusive. In this work, we have isolated genomic clones covering 120 kb of the bcl-1 locus. Probes from the region of an HpaII-tiny-fragment island identified a candidate bcl-1 gene. cDNAs representing the bcl-1 mRNA were cloned from three cell lines, two with the translocation. The deduced amino acid sequence from these clones showed bcl-1 to be a member of the cyclin gene family. In addition, our analysis of expression of bcl-1 in an extensive panel of human cell lines showed it to be widely expressed except in lymphoid or myeloid lineages. This observation may provide a molecular basis for distinct modes of cell cycle control in different mammalian tissues. Activation of the bcl-1 gene may be oncogenic by directly altering progression through the cell cycle.
Experiences of software quality management using metrics through the life-cycle (1996)

Many software quality metrics to objectively grasp software products and process have been proposed in the past decades. In actual projects, quality metrics has been widely applied to manage software quality. However, there are still several problems with providing effective feedback to intermediate software products and the software development process. We have proposed a software quality management using quality metrics which are easily and automatically measured. The purpose of this proposal is to establish a method for building in software quality by regularly measuring and reviewing. The paper outlines a model for building in software quality using quality metrics, and describes examples of its application to actual projects and its results. As the results, it was found that quality metrics can be used to detect and remove problems with process and products in each phase. Regular technical reviews using quality metrics and information on the change of the regularly measured results was also found to have a positive influence on the structure and module size of programs. Further, in the test phase, it was found that with the proposed model, the progress of corrective action could be quickly and accurately grasped.
Thermoreversibal anesthetic gel for periodontal intrapocket delivery of mepivacaine hydrochloride (2012)

Objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate thermoreversible in situ gelling drug delivery system for periodontal anasthesia. This system improves patient compliance by giving anesthesia at a site without distress of needle insertion. Thermoreversible gels were prepared by combining different concentration of pluronics F127 and F68. Formulations were evaluated in terms of their viscosity, gel strength, gelation temperature, stability and in vitro drug release. The formulations were stored at different temperature and humidity. The formulation has amide group anesthetic agent for delivery into periodontal pocket containing mepivacaine hydrochloride as a model drug. The prepared formulations are biocompatible and give effective release of anasthetic agent. The result for this study suggests that mepivacaine hydrochloride thermoreversible gel may offer an alternative to injection anasthesia.
Investigation of Depth of Interaction Encoding for a Pixelated LSO Array With a Single Multi-Channel PMT (2009)

A new approach to depth of interaction (DOI) encoding for a pixelated LSO array using a single multi-channel PMT was investigated. In this method the DOI information was estimated by taking advantage of optical crosstalk between LSO elements and examining the standard deviation (spread) of signals on all channels of the PMT. Unpolished and polished 6×6 LSO arrays with a crystal size of 1.3×1.3×20 mm(3) were evaluated on a Hamamatsu H7546 64-channel PMT. The arrays were placed on the center of the PMT and the central 16 channels of the PMT were individually read out and digitized. For the unpolished array, all crystals were resolved in the flood histogram. An average DOI resolution of 8 mm was obtained. The energy resolution was ∼25% after the signal amplitude was corrected using the measured DOI information. For the polished array, the flood histogram was superior to the unpolished array, however no DOI information could be measured. Using unpolished crystals, this method could be a practical way to achieve limited DOI information in PET detectors. The standard deviation of all PMT channels can be readily obtained using a resistor network. Only five signals (four signals to determine the x-y position and one signal measuring the standard deviation) need to be digitized, and this method only requires a single photon detector to read out the array. Unlike phoswich detectors, the method does not require segmenting the scintillator array into layers. The measured DOI resolution was much worse than that obtained with the dual-ended readout method, however, it was similar to that obtained with a two-layer phoswich detector.
Lithium incorporation by vanadium pentoxide (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium incorporation by vanadium pentoxideD. W. Murphy, P. A. Christian, F. J. DiSalvo, and J. V. WaszczakCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 10, 2800–2803Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50200a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50200a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1340Altmetric-Citations276LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of Azoic Coupling Components (2‐Hydroxy‐3‐naphthanilides) in Cellulose (1957)

Though several authors have previously studied the equilibrium sorption properties of the anilides of 2‐hydroxy‐3‐naphthoic acid, no measurements of the diffusion coefficients of these molecules in cellulose have been made. A suitable apparatus is described for measuring the rapid rates of dyeing which occur, using thick cellulose model filaments. Diffusion coefficients and energies of activation for diffusion of six coupling components have been evaluated.
Palladium‐Catalysed Cyclisation of <i>N</i>‐Alkynyl Aminomalonates (2010)

Go around in (hetero)cycles! The palladium-catalysed tandem cyclisation/coupling reaction of alkynyl- and alkenyl-substituted aminomalonates leads to highly functionalised pyrrolidines and piperidines in good yield (see scheme). The reaction allows efficient access to a broad range of synthetically valuable building blocks. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Characterization of a potato starch-digesting bacterium and its production of amylase. (1982)

A bacterium which can utilize potato starch granules as sole carbon source was isolated and identified as Bacillus circulans from its physiological and biochemical properties. Scanning electron microscopic observation of potato starch granules recovered from the culture broth revealed that granules were degraded gradually from their surface resulting in elongated granules with layered structures on their surface. This bacterium produced extracellular amylase which can digest potato starch granules in vitro. The amylase has a unique property in that it produces only maltohexaose from gelatinized starch in the early stage of the reaction. For the production of this amylase potato starch was found to be most effective while soluble sugars including gelatinized starch and maltose had little effect.
Job stress, coping and health perceptions of Hong Kong primary care nurses (2003)

Few empirical studies have investigated job stress, coping and health perceptions of nurses working in primary care settings. One thousand self-report questionnaires, which consisted of the modified Nursing Stress Scale, Coping with Work Stress Checklist and Health Perceptions Questionnaire, were distributed randomly to a group of Hong Kong nurses working in primary care settings, to examine issues related to job stress. Three hundred and sixty-two nurses responded. Findings indicated that nurses in these settings experienced low-to-moderate frequency of stress, adopted direct coping strategies, and perceived themselves as rather healthy. There were also statistically significant links between job stress, coping and perceived health status. The findings of this study suggest that job stress, coping and health perception of nurses working in primary care settings were distinct from their colleagues working in acute care settings.
Simplified and accurate CT-guided needle biopsy of central nervous system lesions (1982)

✓ Computerized tomography-directed needle biopsy of intracranial lesions, when correctly performed, offers a high diagnostic yield for both benign and malignant lesions, with relative safety. The simple method described stresses how careful positioning of the patient simplifies the mechanics of the procedure. This non-stereotaxic approach has wide application.
Data-controlled automation of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptide mixtures (1996)

The structural characterization of proteins and peptides isolated in minute quantities requires the most efficient use of available sample. A mass spectrometer data system was programmed to continuously evaluate incoming liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data against a user-defined array of information. The resulting conclusions were used to automatically set and modify acquisition parameters in real time to collect collision-induced dissociation spectra for selected ions (tandem mass spectrometry). This approach has provided a mechanism to target specific subsets of masses in a complex mixture and/or to discriminate selectively against masses that are known or not of interest. Masses of contaminants or peptide masses derived from known proteins can be automatically recorded and removed from further consideration for collision-induced dissociation analysis. Once recorded, these "libraries" of masses can be used across multiple analyses. This technique directs the mass spectrometer data system to focus on the analysis of masses significant to the user, even if their signal intensities are well below the intensities of contaminating masses. When combined with a database search program to correlate tandem mass spectra to known protein sequences, the identity of the protein can be established unequivocally by using less than 100 fmol of sample.
Identification of replication factor C from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a component of the leading-strand DNA replication complex. (1992)

A number of proteins have been isolated from human cells on the basis of their ability to support DNA replication in vitro of the simian virus 40 (SV40) origin of DNA replication. One such protein, replication factor C (RFC), functions with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), replication protein A (RPA), and DNA polymerase delta to synthesize the leading strand at a replication fork. To determine whether these proteins perform similar roles during replication of DNA from origins in cellular chromosomes, we have begun to characterize functionally homologous proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RFC from S. cerevisiae was purified by its ability to stimulate yeast DNA polymerase delta on a primed single-stranded DNA template in the presence of yeast PCNA and RPA. Like its human-cell counterpart, RFC from S. cerevisiae (scRFC) has an associated DNA-activated ATPase activity as well as a primer-template, structure-specific DNA binding activity. By analogy with the phage T4 and SV40 DNA replication in vitro systems, the yeast RFC, PCNA, RPA, and DNA polymerase delta activities function together as a leading-strand DNA replication complex. Now that RFC from S. cerevisiae has been purified, all seven cellular factors previously shown to be required for SV40 DNA replication in vitro have been identified in S. cerevisiae.
The 5′-flanking regions of three pea legumia genes: comparison of the DNA sequences (1985)

Approximately 1200 nucleotides of sequence data from the promoter and 5'-flanking regions of each of three pea (Pisum sativum L.) legumin genes (legA, legB and legC) are presented. The promoter regions of all three genes were found to be identical including the "TATA box", and "CAAT box', and sequences showing homology to the SV40 enhancers. The legA sequence begins to diverge from the others about 300bp from the start codon, whereas the other two genes remain identical for another 550bp. The regions of partial homology exhibit deletions or insertions and some short, comparatively well conserved sequences. The significance of these features is discussed in terms of evolutionary mechanisms and their possible functional roles. The legC gene contains a region that may potentially form either of two mutually exclusive stem-loop structures, one of which has a stem 42bp long, which suggests that it could be fairly stable. We suggest that a mechanism of switching between such alternative structures may play some role in gene control or may represent the insertion of a transposable element.
Mussel-inspired polydopamine for bio-surface functionalization (2016)

Surface functionalization via molecular design has been a key approach to incorporate new functionalities into existing biomaterials for biomedical application. Mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) has aroused great interest as a new route to the functionalization of biomaterials, due to its simplicity and material independency in deposition, favorable interactions with cells, and strong reactivity for secondary functionalization. Herein, this review attempts to highlight the recent findings and progress of PDA in bio-surface functionalization for biomedical applications. The efforts made to elucidate the polymerization mechanism, PDA structure, and the preparation parameters have been discussed. Interactions between PDA coatings and the various cell types involved in different biomedical applications including general cell adhesion, bone regeneration, blood compatibility, and antimicrobial activity have also been highlighted. A brief discussion of post-functionalization of PDA and nanostructured PDA is also provided.
A transputer-based shuffle-shift machine for image processing and reconstruction (2002)

A message-passing multicomputer is presented, and its application to image processing and reconstruction is outlined. The multicomputer may be seen as a one-dimensional array of computing nodes with bidirectional shuffle and shift connections. The resulting shuffle-shift machine is well suited for tasks like image processing and image reconstruction. A sample shuffle-shift machine has been built using transputers. The hardware and software aspects of this implementation are described, and benchmark results obtained with a number of image-oriented algorithms are included. The shuffle-shift machine is compared with related parallel computer architectures, and a two-dimensional generalization is indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Specific heparan sulfate structures involved in retinal axon targeting (2002)

Heparan sulfate (HS), a structurally diverse molecule comprising distinct sequences of sulfated disaccharide units, is abundant in the developing brain and binds to axon guidance molecules. Addition of HS to the developing Xenopus optic pathway causes severe targeting errors yet it is not known how the structural diversity of this molecule relates to its role in axon guidance. We have used an in vivo brain assay to identify the structural characteristics of HS that induce aberrant axon targeting. Inhibiting sulfation of endogenous HS with chlorate causes axons to bypass their target, the tectum, and treatment with chemically modified heparins reveals that 2-O- and 6-O-sulfate groups have potent bypass-inducing activity. Experiments with purified heparin saccharides show that bypass-inducing activity correlates with distinct structures, particularly those containing a combination of 2-O- and 6-O-sulfate groups. Taken together the results indicate that specific sequences, rather than gross structural composition, are critical for activity. In situ hybridisation revealed that HS 6-O-sulfotransferase is regionally expressed along the border of the dorsal optic tract whereas 2-O-sulfotransferase is expressed broadly. Our results demonstrate that specific HS sequences are essential for regulating retinotectal axon targeting and suggest that regionalised biosynthesis of specific HS structures is important for guiding axons into the tectum.
Discovery of Modulators of Protein-Protein Interactions: Current Approaches and Limitations (2010)

Protein-protein interactions are involved in most of the essential processes that occur in living organisms from cell motility to DNA replication, which makes them interesting targets for drug discovery. However, due to the lack of deep pockets, and the large contact surfaces involved in these interactions, they are considered challenging targets and have been often times dismissed as "undruggable". Nonetheless, significant efforts in pharmaceutical and academic laboratories have been devoted to finding ways to exploit protein-protein interactions as drug targets. This article provides an overview of the principles underlying the main general strategies for discovering small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions, namely: high-throughput screening, fragment-based drug discovery, peptide-based drug discovery, protein secondary structure mimetics, and computer-aided drug discovery. In addition, examples of successful discovery of modulators of protein-protein interactions are discussed for each of those strategies.