gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the radiation therapy oncology group and american joint committee on cancer staging systems among patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving hyperfractionated radiation therapy. A report of the radiation therapy oncology group protocol 83-11 (1991)

Since 1973, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) has staged and stratified patients in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) protocols according to the RTOG staging system. In 1985, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) revised its lung cancer staging system, with the principle differences from the RTOG system being the staging of involvement of the chest wall and of contralateral mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. To determine if the AJCC system discriminated outcome differently than the RTOG system in a nonoperative series, all 850 evaluable patients treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy (RT) on the RTOG protocol 83-11 were restaged by the AJCC system. There was 67% agreement in patient distribution between the following comparable stages in each system: RTOG Stage II/AJCC Stage II; RTOG Stage III/AJCC Stage IIIA; and RTOG Stage IV/AJCC Stage IIIB. Both systems successfully predicted for survival (P less than 0.001), although the RTOG staging was more discriminating (relative risk ratios, 1.59 versus 1.38). Among the 507 favorable patients (those with less than or equal to 5% weight loss and Karnofsky performance status [KPS] of 70 to 100), the RTOG staging was also more predictive (P = 0.004 versus P = 0.01). When RTOG Stage III (462 patients) was divided into those without contralateral mediastinal or hilar adenopathy (AJCC Stage II/IIIA) and those with (AJCC Stage IIIB), a significant survival (P = 0.0001) was noted with 2-year survival rates of 26% versus 4%, respectively. When AJCC Stage IIIA (348 patients) was divided into the patients without chest wall invasion (RTOG Stage II/III) and those with (RTOG Stage IV), a difference in 2-year survival of 22% versus 10% was observed (P = 0.002). Although both staging systems independently predict for survival, a fusion of both staging systems is the most discriminating of outcome. Future nonoperative studies in locally advanced NSCLC should stratify for contralateral nodal involvement (per AJCC staging) and chest wall invasion (per RTOG staging).
Fast Regularized Reconstruction of Non-Uniformly Subsampled Parallel MRI Data (2006)

Parallel MR imaging is an effective approach to reduce MR image acquisition time. Non-uniform subsampling allows one to tailor the subsampling scheme for improved image quality at high acceleration factors. However, non-uniform subsampling precludes fast reconstruction schemes such as SENSE, and is more likely to require a regularized solution than reconstruction of uniformly subsampled data demands. This means that one needs to choose a good regularization parameter, typically requiring multiple expensive system solves. Here, we present an efficient LSQR-Hybrid algorithm which simultaneously addresses the need for rapid regularization parameter selection and fast reconstruction. This algorithm can reconstruct non-uniformly subsampled parallel MRI data, with automatic regularization and good image quality, in a time competitive with Cartesian SENSE.
Localization of MHC Class II/Human Cartilage Glycoprotein-39 Complexes in Synovia of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Using Complex-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (2003)

Recently human cartilage gp-39 (HC gp-39) was identified as a candidate autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further investigate the relevance of this Ag in RA, we have generated a set of five mAbs to a combination epitope of complexes of HC gp-39(263-275) and the RA-associated DR alpha beta 1*0401 HLA class II molecules. FACS studies revealed that these mAb recognize specific complexes on homozygous DR alpha beta 1*0401-positive B lymphoblastoid cells pulsed with HC gp-39(263-275). The best mAb, 12A, was further characterized using a set of irrelevant DR alpha beta 1*0401-binding peptides and truncated/elongated versions of HC gp-39(263-275) itself. The minimal epitope recognized in combination with DR alpha beta 1*0401 was HC gp-39(263-273). Peptides not encompassing HC gp-39(263-273) were not recognized. Three of five mAb were able to inhibit (up to 90%) the response of HC gp-39(263-275)-specific DR alpha beta 1*0401-restricted T cell hybridomas to peptide-pulsed APC or purified complexes. Using mAb 12A, we have been able to identify and localize dendritic cells that present DR alpha beta 1*0401/HC gp-39(263-275) complexes in synovial tissue of DR alpha beta 1*0401-positive RA patients, indicating local presentation of the HC gp-39(263-275) epitope in the inflamed target tissue by professional APC. These data support a role of HC gp-39 in the local autoimmune response that leads to chronic inflammation and joint destruction.
Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance and magnetic switching properties of a single spin valve with a synthetic antiferromagnet as a free layer (2003)

We study the current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) and magnetic switching behavior of single spin-valve (SV) films with two different free layers---one is a single ferromagnet (FM) layer, while the other is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SyAF) consisting of ${\mathrm{Co}}_{90}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}/{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}}_{90}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}.$ When the interlayer Cu thickness is 2.5 nm, the SyAF as a free layer greatly enhances the CPP-GMR of SVs from 0.8% to 3.6%. The GMR enhancement effect decreases with increasing interlayer Cu thickness. We argue that the MR enhancement by the SyAF is probably because of strong reflection of the majority spins by the interface between ${\mathrm{Co}}_{90}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$ and ruthenium. Experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetic switching behavior show that the SVs with SyAF have a much better tendency to form a single magnetic domain than the conventional ones. The single domain structure results in a size-independent magnetic switching field of the SVs with SyAF at the low aspect ratio 1.
Abstract TP54: Machine-Learned Characterization of Acute Ischemic Stroke Clots Reveals a Correlation Between Clot Composition and Density on CT (2018)

Introduction: The composition of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) blood clots can impact their successful removal via endovascular therapy. Identification of the clot composition prior to endovascular treatment may influence the optimal treatment strategy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the Hounsfield Unit intensity on CT and machine-learned characterization of clot composition. Methods: Prior to endovascular treatment, each patient had a non-contrast CT performed. Histopathological analysis of the clots was performed and clot composition was quantified via standard thresholding techniques using Adobe Photoshop. In addition, following representative cell labeling by an expert pathologist, image segmentation algorithms (Orbital Image Analysis, Actelion Ltd.) were trained on each case to quantify composition by cell type. The clots were categorized into 3 groups: red blood cell (RBC) dominant (>50%), RBC proportion equal to fibrin and fibrin dominant (>50%). Correlations between clot composition and Hounsfield Units (HU) density on CT were assessed. A positive Hyperdense Artery Sign was defined as ≥50 HU. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study. There was a significant correlation between clots quantified using Adobe Photoshop Image-Pro and Orbit image analysis ( ρ = 0.837, p < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between clot composition and the presence of a HAS sign, ( X 2 (2) = 6.496, p = 0.039). There is a significant positive correlation between percentage of RBC in the clot and the presence of a HAS sign ( ρ = 0.632, p = 0.002**). There is also a significant positive correlation between the presence of fibrin-rich and the absence of a HAS sign ( ρ = 0.600, p = 0.004**). Conclusion: Machine learning software can accurately quantify AIS clot composition. The Hounsfield unit density of an AIS clot on a non-contrast CT correlates with the composition of the clot. Measuring the HU of the clot on CT prior to endovascular intervention may inform the clinician of the clot type and help to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy for that clot.
Efficient additive kernels via explicit feature maps (2010)

Maji and Berg have recently introduced an explicit feature map approximating the intersection kernel. This enables efficient learning methods for linear kernels to be applied to the non-linear intersection kernel, expanding the applicability of this model to much larger problems. In this paper we generalize this idea, and analyse a large family of additive kernels, called homogeneous, in a unified framework. The family includes the intersection, Hellinger's, and χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> kernels commonly employed in computer vision. Using the framework we are able to: (i) provide explicit feature maps for all homogeneous additive kernels along with closed form expression for all common kernels; (ii) derive corresponding approximate finite-dimensional feature maps based on the Fourier sampling theorem; and (iii) quantify the extent of the approximation. We demonstrate that the approximations have indistinguishable performance from the full kernel on a number of standard datasets, yet greatly reduce the train/test times of SVM implementations. We show that the χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> kernel, which has been found to yield the best performance in most applications, also has the most compact feature representation. Given these train/test advantages we are able to obtain a significant performance improvement over current state of the art results based on the intersection kernel.
Coupling application design and user interface design (1992)

Building an interactive application involves the design of both a data model and a graphical user interface (GUI) to present that model to the user. These two design activities are typically approached as separate tasks and are frequently undertaken by different individuals or groups. Our apporach eliminated redundant specification work by generating an interface directly from the data model itself. An inference engine using style rules for selecting and placing GUI controls (i.e., widgets) is integrated with an interface design tool to generate a user interface definition. This approach allows a single data model to be mapped onto multiple GUI's by substituting the appropriate rule set and thus represents a step toward a GUI-independent run-time layout facility.
The Search for the Diodorean Modal System (1967)

Abstract This chapter covers the following topics: the tense-logical basis of Diodorean modal logic, a matrix for Diodorean modality, modal systems between S4 and S5, Kripke's ‘branching time’ matrix, and Dummett's formula in D but not S4.3 and its presupposition of discreteness.
Timing analysis in high-level synthesis (1992)

This paper presents a comprehensive timing model for behaviorablevel specifications and algorithms for timing analysis in high-level synthesis. It is based on a timing network which models the data flow as well as the control flow in the behavioral input specification. The delay values for the network modules are created by invoking the same logic synthesis procedure applied after behavioral synthesis. The timing network is built only once for a given behavioral description. Several parameters are used to ezplore different scheduling possibilities as well as different optimization modes (area, delay), without changing the network. The use of the timing model in conjunction with a path-based scheduling algorithm is presented. Results for several benchmarks attested the accuracy of this approach.
Isolation and identification of the sulphate-reducing bacteria strain H1 and its function for hydrolysed polyacrylamide degradation (2008)

The sulphate-reducing bacteria strain H1 with the function for Hydrolysed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) degradation was isolated from a curing pot in the HPAM distribution station of Daqing Oil Field using the Hungate Anaerobic Technique. The isolates were characterised morphologically, physiologically, biochemically and molecularly. The pictures of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) have shown that this is a short bacillus with width 0.30?0.39 ?m and length 0.72-1.63 ?m, with flagellum and spores, and is gram negative and strictly anaerobic bacteria, which can reduce sulphate to H2S. Alignment of 16S Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and 16S?23S rDNA intergenic spacer sequences suggests that this isolate was closely related to the Clostridium. Fatty acids were distributed at C12.0-C20,0, mostly at C14.0, C16.0 and C19:11ω12c, the content being 9.10%, 40.01% and 7.11%, respectively, i.e. 56.22% of all fatty acids. The isolate was identified as a new species belonging to fusobacterium, temporarily named Clostridium bifermentans H1. Analysis results of Infrared (IR) spectroscopy showed that the bacteria can use HPAM as the only carbon source, hydrolysing the amide to carboxyl group by the molecule chain amide hydrolysis, degrading the side chain and changing some function group, resulting in obviously decreased viscosity. Using GC-MS determined HPAM-degraded products of low molecular weight compounds were polyacrylamide fragments with duplet bonds, epoxy as well as carbonyl group, but most of them were acrylamide oligomer derivatives. The removing efficiency for HPAM reached 30.8%.
PLGA‐(<scp>L</scp>‐Asp‐<i>alt</i>‐diol)<sub><i>x</i></sub>‐PLGAs with Different Contents of Pendant Amino Groups: Synthesis and Characterization (2005)

A series of novel biodegradable multi-block copolymers PLGA-(L-Asp-alt-diol)(x)-PLGA with pendant amino groups was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide/glycolide(D,L-LA/GA) (75/25) using poly(N-Cbz-L-Asp-alt-diol)s as macroinitiator and stannous octoate as catalyst, in which the N-Cbz-L-Asp represents N-carbobenzyloxy-L-aspartic acid and diols are ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, PEG200, and PEG600, respectively. Their structures and properties were characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, DSC, GPC, and elemental analysis (EA). The contents of the L-Asp unit in the copolymers were increased from 12.9 to 79.3 mmol.g(-1) with decreasing the chain length of the diol, while the glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were decreased from 27.1 to 11.7 degrees C with increasing the chain length of the diol. Thus, the results in this study provide a way to prepare biomaterials with different L-Asp unit densities or different number of bioactive sites as well as different properties through adjusting the chain length of the diol. Synthesis of PLGA-(N-Cbz-L-Asp-alt-diol)(x)-PLGA copolymers.
Measuring behavioral trust in social networks (2010)

Trust is an important yet complex and little understood aspect of the dyadic relationship between two entities. Trust plays an important role in the formation of coalitions in social networks and in determining how high value of information flows through the network. We present algorithmically quantifiable measures of trust based on communication behavior. We propose that trust results in likely communication behaviors which are statistically different from random communications; detecting these trust-like behaviors allows us to develop a quantitative measure of who trusts whom in the network. We develop algorithms to efficiently compute such behavioral trust and validate these measures on the Twitter network.
Dynamic properties of AFM cantilevers and the calibration of their spring constants (2006)

A hybrid method is introduced for the calibration of the spring constants of atomic force microscopy cantilevers. It is based on the minimization of the difference between the modelled and experimentally determined full-field displacement maps of the surface of the cantilever in motion at several resonant frequencies. The dynamic mechanical response of the cantilever to periodic motion is measured in a vacuum by means of a scanning vibrometer. Given the dimensions of the cantilever, the obtained surface displacements together with analytical or numerical models are used to resolve the physical unknowns of the probe. These are the elastic properties of the cantilever, and the residual stress state built up during the deposition of the reflective coating on the backside of the cantilever. The scanning vibrometry experiment allows the precise determination of the first ten resonant frequencies and the modes associated. After optimization of the elastic properties and the surface stress, the relative agreement between all resonant frequencies is better than 1% with the finite element model and 2% with the Timoshenko beam equation. The agreement between surface displacements is also excellent when the damping constant of the system has been determined, except for the first lateral mode, which exhibits strong coupling to a reflection of the first torsional mode. Because all the displacements at resonance are known, it is possible to decouple these modes, and the result is shown to compare well with the model. The cantilever being fully characterized (geometry, materials, residual stress state and boundary conditions), it is straightforward to deduce all its spring constants, in the linear and nonlinear elastic regimes.
Chitin Stimulates Expression of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase and Eotaxin-3 by Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells <i>in Vitro</i> (2009)

The abundant biopolymer chitin appears to be recognized by a yet uncharacterized receptor on sinonasal epithelial cells. Chitin stimulates production of AMCase and eotaxin-3, two pro-Th2 effector proteins. This finding suggests the existence of a novel innate immune pathway for local defense against chitin-containing organisms in the sinonasal tract. Dysregulation of this function could precipitate or exacerbate Th2 inflammation, potentially acting as an underlying factor in recalcitrant CRSwNP.
The Organization of the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1204–1261: Social and Administrative Consequences of the Latin Conquest (1948)

Ecclesiastical problems naturally loom large in any investigation of relations between Greeks and Latins after the conquest of Constantinople in 1204. The story of the negotiations between the Popes and the Patriarchs at Nicaea-the diplomacy and debate with regard to a union of the Churches-has been well told by Walter Norden; except for materials discovered by Schillmann and Heisenberg, little important information has become available since he wrote. I have therefore not re-examined this range of problems here. The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to investigate within the Empire itself certain of the local ecclesiastical relationships between Greeks and Latins; and, second, to discover the modifications in ecclesiastical organization brought about by the Roman Church in the newly-conquered Byzantine territories which, from 1204 on, formed part of the Latin patriarchate. It is, then, the social and administrative rather than the theological and diplomatic aspects of the subject which engage our attention here.
Oligonucleotide hybridization used to detect short non-contiguous sequences. (1992)

We describe the use of an oligonucleotide construction as a hybridization probe to detect short noncontiguous regions of sequence identity. Oligonucleotides complementary to various portions of the conserved heptamer and nonamer sequences flanking immunoglobulin variable region genes at the 3' end were used in this model system. We show that short oligonucleotides alone (7 bp or 9 bp) cannot be used as hybridization probes, but a construction containing both conserved sequences linked by a bridge will hybridize. The bridge is formed by degenerate bases (any base potentially at each position) and serves to maintain the spacing originally present between heptamer and nonamer. We show that such a bridging oligonucleotide probe can be used for hybridization analysis both on Southern blots and in bacterial screening.
P‐71: Simulation and Experimental Study on Light Leakage in ADS Mode LCDs (2014)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss about the light leakage mechanism in the dark state of ADS mode LCDs. Based on the stress‐optic law, we analyzed the phenomenon through several experiments and simulations. We have concluded that the main reason of the light leakage is the combined effect of the retardations from the stressed glass and the liquid crystal layer.
DEPRESSÃO PÓS-PARTO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA ENFERMAGEM BRASILEIRA: REVISÃO NARRATIVA (2016)

Objetivos: Identificar a producao cientifica da enfermagem brasileira na tematica depressao pos-parto (DPP) e classificar as tendencias e naturezas dessas producoes cientificas. Metodo: Revisao narrativa. Das 577 producoes cientificas encontradas na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS), apos estabelecimento dos criterios de inclusao, restaram quatro artigos que foram submetidos a analise tematica. Resultados: Foi consenso a multifatorialidade na etiologia da DPP, o que dificulta sua identificacao pelos enfermeiros. Na determinacao das tendencias e naturezas identificou-se predominio do preventivo e do sociocultural, respectivamente. Conclusoes: Compreendeu-se a complexidade da DPP e sua alta prevalencia, o que configura um problema de saude publica a ser enfrentado. Recomendam-se investimentos na qualificacao permanente em saude de enfermeiros para o balizamento de informacoes sobre a DPP de modo a subsidiar o redirecionamento das praticas de cuidado, com enfase na sua prevencao. Salienta-se que ha escassez de pesquisas originais com enfase na DPP.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Ibandronate Treatment on Bone Turnover in Paget Disease of Bone (2000)

Most markers of bone turnover show similar long-term changes after treatment of active PD with ibandronate. With regard to cost-effectiveness and assay performance, TAP remains the marker of choice in therapeutic monitoring of PD. However, more specific markers may improve the biochemical assessment of PD in certain situations.
Hydrolysestabile fettchemische Polyole für Polyurethananwendungen (1993)

Abstract Ausgehend von ungesättigten Fettstoffen lassen sich unter Nutzung der für Fettalkohole etablierten Hydrier‐Technologie auf verschiedenen Wegen anwendungstechnisch interessante polyfunktionelle Alkohole gewinnen. Mögliche Herstellwege zweier Verbindungsklassen werden diskutiert: die Herstellung von C 20 ‐Epoxidfolgeprodukten mit zwei primären und einer sekundären OH‐Gruppe und die Herstellung von C 36 ‐Dimerfettalkoholen, die sich von den Dimerfettsäuren ableiten. Durch die Wahl geeigneter Dimerfettsäuren als Rohstoff können hierbei hochmolekulare Diole mit zwei primären OH‐Gruppen erhalten werden, die speziellen Anforderungen wie hoher Difunktionalität gerecht werden. Die esterfreien, hydrophoben Polyole bieten Vorteile bei der Herstellung von verseifungsresistenten Polyurethanen.
Genetic validation of a therapeutic target in a mouse model of ALS (2014)

Neurons produced from stem cells have emerged as a tool to identify new therapeutic targets for neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it remains unclear to what extent these new mechanistic insights will translate to animal models, an important step in the validation of new targets. Previously, we found that glia from mice carrying the SOD1G93A mutation, a model of ALS, were toxic to stem cell-derived human motor neurons. We use pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the prostanoid receptor DP1 mediates this glial toxicity. Furthermore, we validate the importance of this mechanism for neural degeneration in vivo. Genetic ablation of DP1 in SOD1G93A mice extended life span, decreased microglial activation, and reduced motor neuron loss. Our findings suggest that blocking DP1 may be a therapeutic strategy in ALS and demonstrate that discoveries from stem cell models of disease can be corroborated in vivo.