gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure-tuned InGaAsSb∕AlGaAsSb diode laser with 700nm tuning range (2004)

In Ga As Sb ∕ Al Ga As Sb type-I midinfrared diode lasers emitting continuous wave at 2.4μm at room temperature have been studied under high hydrostatic pressure. When the pressure was increased up to 19kbar, the threshold current varied from 240to400A∕cm2, showing a minimum of 200A∕cm2 close to 8kbar, and the emission spectra shifted to shorter wavelengths by up to 700nm (i.e., from 2.4μmto1.7μm). This exceptional tuning range could be very useful in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.
Serum-free Culture of Human Hepatoma Hep G2 Cells with Egg Yolk Low Density Lipoprotein (1993)

We prepared serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors, hormones, nutrients, and egg yolk low density lipoprotein (LDL), and examined the growth-promoting activities of growth factors and culture conditions on human hepatoma Hep G2 cells. Collagen type I was appropriate for precoating tissue culture vessels in which Hep G2 cells were cultured in serum-free medium. William's medium E and a mixture of Dulbecco and Vogt's modification of Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 (1:1) were used as basal medium. LDL was the most effective growth promoter of Hep G2 cells among the supplemented factors. High density lipoprotein (HDL) prepared from human serum showed 10 times more growth promoting activity than LDL, but HDL is more expensive. Therefore, the serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors, hormones, nutrients, and egg yolk LDL was suitable for Hep G2 cell culture.
Cloning and structure of the<i>Bep</i>I modification methylase (1989)

The gene coding for a CGCG specific DNA methylase has been cloned in E. coli from Brevibacterium epidermidis. The enzyme, named BepI methylase, is probably the cognate methylase of the FnuDII isoschizomer BepI endonuclease isolated from this strain. The expression of BepI methylase in E. coli is dependent on the orientation of the cloned fragment suggesting that the gene is transcribed from a promoter on the plasmid vector. No BepI endonuclease could be detected in the clones producing BepI methylase. The nucleotide sequence of the BepI methylase gene has been determined, it predicts a protein of 403 amino acids (MR: 45,447). Analysis of the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence revealed similarities between the BepI methylase and other cytosine methylases. M. BepI methylates the external cytosine in its recognition sequence.
The relationship between urban environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2012)

A positive association between urban environment and both CD and UC was found. Heterogeneity may be explained by differences in study design and quality factors.
Therapeutic Time Window for Edaravone Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice (2013)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young people. No effective therapy is available to ameliorate its damaging effects. Our aim was to investigate the optimal therapeutic time window of edaravone, a free radical scavenger which is currently used in Japan. We also determined the temporal profile of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to a controlled cortical impact (CCI). Edaravone (3.0 mg/kg), or vehicle, was administered intravenously at 0, 3, or 6 hours following CCI. The production of superoxide radicals (O2 (∙-)) as a marker of ROS, of nitrotyrosine (NT) as an indicator of oxidative stress, and neuronal death were measured for 24 hours following CCI. Superoxide radical production was clearly evident 3 hours after CCI, with oxidative stress and neuronal cell death becoming apparent after 6 hours. Edaravone administration after CCI resulted in a significant reduction in the injury volume and oxidative stress, particularly at the 3-hour time point. Moreover, the greatest decrease in O2 (∙-) levels was observed when edaravone was administered 3 hours following CCI. These findings suggest that edaravone could prove clinically useful to ameliorate the devastating effects of TBI.
Tigecycline Is Modified by the Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase TetX (2005)

The clinical use of tetracycline antibiotics has decreased due to the emergence of efflux and ribosomal protection-based resistance mechanisms. Currently in phase III clinical trials, the glycylcycline derivative tigecycline (GAR-936) containing a 9-tert-butylglycylamido group is part of a new generation of tetracycline antibiotics developed during the 1990s. Tigecycline displays a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and circumvents the efflux and ribosomal protection resistance mechanisms. The TetX protein is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase that modifies first and second generation tetracyclines and requires NADPH, Mg(2+), and O(2) for activity. We report that tigecycline is a substrate for TetX and that bacterial strains containing the tet(X) gene are resistant to tigecycline. The resistance is due to the modification of tigecycline by TetX to form 11a-hydroxytigecycline, which we have shown has a weakened ability to inhibit protein translation compared with tigecycline. We have explored the basis of this decreased ability to block translation and found that hydroxylation occurs in the region of the molecule important for coordinating magnesium. 11a-Hydroxytigecycline forms a weaker complex with magnesium than tigecycline; the crystal structure of tetracycline in complex with the ribosome has shown that magnesium coordination is critical for binding tetracycline. Although tet(X) has not been isolated from any clinically resistant strains, our report demonstrates the first enzymatic resistance mechanism to tigecycline and provides an alert for the surveillance of resistant strains that may contain tet(X).
The Eye Sensation Scale: An Ophthalmic Pain Severity Measure (2007)

A five-category scale was chosen for assessing the severity of ophthalmic sensations: the Eye Sensation Scale. The scale involves rating the severity of the ophthalmic sensation that is most important to the patient and provides the opportunity to describe other attributes or effects of the sensation. Evaluation indicated the adequacy of the final instrument.
A selective reaction-based fluorescent probe for detecting cobalt in living cells (2012)

A reaction-based strategy exploiting cobalt-mediated oxidative C-O bond cleavage affords a selective turn-on fluorescent probe for paramagnetic Co(2+) in water and in living cells.
Experimental application-driven architecture analysis of an SIMD/MIMD parallel processing system (1990)

An experimental analysis of the architecture of an SIMD/MIMD parallel processing system is presented. Detailed implementations of parallel fast Fourier transform (FFT) programs were used to examine the performance of the prototype of the PASM (Partitionable SIMD/MIMD) parallel processing system. Detailed execution-time measurements using specialized timing hardware were made for the complete FFT and for components of SIMD, MIMD, and barrier-synchronized MIMD implementations. The component measurements isolated the effects of floating-point arithmetic operations, interconnection network transfer operations, and program control overhead. The measurements allow an accurate extrapolation of the execution time, speedup, and efficiency of the MIMD, SIMD, and barrier-synchronized MIMD programs to a full 1024-processor PASM system. This constitutes one of the first results of this kind, in which controlled experiments on fixed hardware were used to make comparisons of these fundamental modes of computing. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate the value of mixed-mode SIMD/MIMD computing and its suitability for computational intensive algorithms such as the FET.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequence of active site peptides from the penicillin-sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidase of Bacillus subtilis. Mechanism of penicillin action and sequence homology to beta-lactamases. (1980)

It has been proposed that penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics are substrate analogs which inactivate certain essential enzymes of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by acylating a catalytic site amino acid residue (Tipper, D.J., and Strominger, J.L. (1965) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 1133-1141). A key prediction of this hypothesis, that the penicilloyl moiety and an acyl moiety derived from substrate both bind to the same active site residue, has been examined. D-Alanine carboxypeptidase, a penicillin-sensitive membrane enzyme, was purified from Bacillus subtilis and labeled covalently at the antibiotic binding site with [14C]penicillin G or with the cephalosporin [14C]cefoxitin. Alternatively, an acyl moiety derived from the depsipeptide substrate [14C]diacetyl L-Lys-D-Ala-D-lactate was trapped at the catalytic site in near-stoichiometric amounts by rapid denaturation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Radiolabeled peptides were purified from a pepsin digest of each of the 14C-labeled D-alanine carboxypeptidases and their amino acid sequences determined. Antibiotic- and substrate-labeled peptic peptides had the same sequence: Tyr-Ser-Lys-Asn-Ala-Asp-Lys-Arg-Leu-Pro-Ile-Ala-Ser-Met. Acyl moieties derived from antibiotic and from substrate were shown to be bound covalently in ester linkage to the identical amino acid residue, a serine at the penultimate position of the peptic peptide. These studies establish that beta-lactam antibiotics are indeed active site-directed acylating agents. Additional amino acid sequence data were obtained by isolating and sequencing [14C]penicilloyl peptides after digestion of [14C]penicilloyl D-alanine carboxypeptidase with either trypsin or cyanogen bromide and by NH2-terminal sequencing of the uncleaved protein. The sequence of the NH2-terminal 64 amino acids was thus determined and the active site serine then identified as residue 36. A computer search for homologous proteins indicated significant sequence homology between the active site of D-alanine carboxypeptidase and the NH2-terminal portion of beta-lactamases. Maximum homology was obtained when the active site serine of D-alanine carboxypeptidase was aligned correctly with a serine likely to be involved in beta-lactamase catalysis. These findings provide strong evidence that penicillin-sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidases and penicillin-inactivating beta-lactamases are related evolutionarily.
Interference suppression in spread spectrum systems (2002)

The interference immunity of a spread spectrum digital communication system corrupted by interference can be significantly enhanced by excising the interference prior to cross correlation of the received signal with the possible transmitted reference signals. In this paper we treat methods for excising narrowband (partial band) and broadband (impulsive) interference in direct-sequence and frequency-hopped spread spectrum systems. Excision methods based on linear prediction and nonlinear filtering algorithms are shown to be particularly effective for direct-sequence spread spectrum systems corrupted by narrowband interference. We also consider nonlinear excision methods for frequency-hopped spread spectrum systems corrupted by narrowband interference and direct-sequence spread spectrum systems corrupted by broadband (impulsive) interference.
The Blood-Brain Barrier: Clinical Implications for Drug Delivery to the Brain (1994)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) determines whether or not a given drug can reach the central nervous system (CNS), either by passive diffusion or through carrier or receptor systems. Initial work focused on the structural and physico-chemical requirements favouring transport across the BBB as related to anatomical and physiological features. Such studies have had a significant effect on the design of CNS-active drugs with improved permeability across the BBB. Progress in pharmacology and neurosciences resulted in greater knowledge of CNS diseases and of potential therapies, but also created the need to develop new strategies to improve drug delivery to the brain. For a long time the BBB was considered to be a physical barrier, mainly represented by the cerebrovascular endothelium; however, transport of drugs to the brain may be limited by the metabolic activity of the BBB. The BBB should be regarded as a dynamic rather than a rigid barrier; it can be influenced by astrocytes and probably also by neuronal and hormonal stimuli, and its properties are also affected by diseases of the CNS. This may offer new strategies for targeting drugs to the brain.
Interplay between Innate Immunity and Negative-Strand RNA Viruses: towards a Rational Model (2011)

The discovery of a new class of cytosolic receptors recognizing viral RNA, called the RIG-like receptors (RLRs), has revolutionized our understanding of the interplay between viruses and host cells. A tremendous amount of work has been accumulating to decipher the RNA moieties required for an RLR agonist, the signal transduction pathway leading to activation of the innate immunity orchestrated by type I interferon (IFN), the cellular and viral regulators of this pathway, and the viral inhibitors of the innate immune response. Previous reviews have focused on the RLR signaling pathway and on the negative regulation of the interferon response by viral proteins. The focus of this review is to put this knowledge in the context of the virus replication cycle within a cell. Likewise, there has been an expansion of knowledge about the role of innate immunity in the pathophysiology of viral infection. As a consequence, some discrepancies have arisen between the current models of cell-intrinsic innate immunity and current knowledge of virus biology. This holds particularly true for the nonsegmented negative-strand viruses (Mononegavirales), which paradoxically have been largely used to build presently available models. The aim of this review is to bridge the gap between the virology and innate immunity to favor the rational building of a relevant model(s) describing the interplay between Mononegavirales and the innate immune system.
Portable worst-case execution time analysis using Java Byte Code (2002)

Addresses the problem of performing worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis of Java Byte Code (JBC), which may be generated from different compilers and from different source languages. The motivation for the framework presented is to provide WCET analysis which is portable and therefore more likely to be used in an industrial context. Two issues are addressed in this paper: how to extract data flow and control flow information from JBC programs, and how to provide a compiler-/language-independent mechanism to introduce WCET annotations in the source code. We show that an annotation mechanism based on calls to a static class with empty methods result in similar code when generated by Java or Ada compilers.
Performance Analysis of Algebraic Soft-Decision Decoding of Reed–Solomon Codes (2008)

We investigate the decoding region for algebraic soft-decision decoding (ASD) of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes in a discrete, memoryless, additive-noise channel. An expression is derived for the error correction radius within which the soft-decision decoder produces a list that contains the transmitted codeword. The error radius for ASD is shown to be larger than that of Guruswami-Sudan (GS) hard-decision decoding for a subset of low and medium-rate codes. These results are also extended to multivariable interpolation in the sense of Parvaresh and Vardy.
The Prediction of Total Revenue of V2G System Considering Battery Wear Cost (2015)

Recently, research on the smart grid that combines ICT(Information & Communication technology) to the power system has been actively progressed. If the occupancy of the EV(Electric vehicle) is increased. the V2G(Vehicle to grid) system is available which constitutes the micro-grid through battery of EV. V2G system performs load leveling and efficient energy consumption by battery operation considering load condition. But, if the battery is used only depending on the electricity rates, it doses not consider the life of the battery. The ACC(Achievable cycle) and the total transferable energy of battery varies corresponding to the selected DOD(Depth of discharge). In this paper, the optimal DOD selection method of V2G system considering battery wear cost and average driving distance of EV. Also, the total revenue prediction of various nation is presented considering the actual electricity costs per hour.
Visual curb localization for autonomous navigation (2004)

Percept-referenced commanding is an attractive paradigm for autonomous navigation over long distances. Rather than relying on precise prior environment maps and self-localization, this approach uses high-level primitives that refer to environmental features. The assumption is that the sensing and processing system onboard the robot should be able to extract such features reliably. In this context, we present an algorithm for the visual-based localization of curbs in an urban scenario. This represents a basic sensing capability that would enable behaviors such as "follow this road keeping at a certain distance from its edge". Our approach to curb localization relies on both photometry and range information (as obtained by stereopsis). Candidate image points are first selected using a combination of cues, and then input to a weighted Hough transform, which determines the line (or lines) that are most likely to belong to the curb's edge. Our experimental results show that, as long as the range data has acceptable quality, our system performs very robustly in real-world situations.
Targeted Therapy of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Present and Future (2016)

Cancer immunotherapy using a patient’s own T cells redirected to recognize and kill tumor cells has achieved promising results in metastatic melanoma and leukemia. This technique involves harnessing a patient’s T cells and then delivering a gene that encodes a new T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that allow the cells to recognize specific cancer antigens. The prospect of using engineered T cell therapy for persistent viral infections like hepatitis B virus (HBV) and their associated malignancies is promising. We recently tested in a first-in-man clinical trial, the ability of HBV-specific TCR-redirected T cells to target HBsAg-productive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and demonstrated that these redirected T cells recognized HCC cells with HBV–DNA integration [1] We discuss here the possibility to use HBV-specific TCR-redirected T cells targeting hepatitis B viral antigens as a tumor specific antigen in patients with HBV-related HCC, and the potential challenges facing the development of this new immunotherapeutic strategy.
Notes. A Novel Preparation of Isonitriles (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes. A Novel Preparation of IsonitrilesW Hertler and E CoreyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 8, 1221–1222Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online3 July 2003Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01102a612https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01102a612research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Brassica vegetable juice on the induction of apoptosis and aberrant crypt foci in rat colonic mucosal crypts in vivo (2003)

Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing glycosides found in the Brassica vegetables. Their breakdown products include isothiocyanates, which are produced following exposure to the endogenous plant enzyme myrosinase. Isothiocyanates are pungent, biologically active compounds that suppress carcinogenesis in vivo, and induce apoptosis in vitro. We have shown previously that oral administration of the isolated glucosinolate sinigrin induces apoptosis, and suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the colonic mucosa of rats treated previously with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). In this study we explored the effects of both raw and thermally processed Brussels sprout tissue on the modulation of crypt cell apoptosis and mitosis, and the frequency of aberrant crypt foci in the colon. Freeze-dried raw and microwave-cooked Brussels sprouts contained high levels of intact glucosinolates, but they were absent from freshly prepared sprout juice. Oral administration of uncooked Brussels sprouts, whether as a juice, or as a freeze-dried powder, was associated with significantly enhanced levels of apoptosis and reduced mitosis in the colonic crypts. However, this effect was confined to rats previously injected (48 h) with DMH, in which levels of apoptosis and mitosis following DNA damage were already high. There was no effect of treatment in control animals. There was also little evidence of these effects when intact glucosinolates were administered in blanched sprout tissue, which lacked active myrosinase. We conclude that glucosinolate breakdown products derived from Brassica vegetables can exert a profound effect on the balance of colorectal cell proliferation and death in an animal model of colorectal neoplasia.
A boost for the immune system. (1997)

A 15-member medical research team at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, has developed a compound which halted, and even reversed, the progression of HIV disease in human clinical trial subjects. The compound is a mixture of sterols and sterolins, which are found in all plants, yet identified through the more than $10 million of medical research and clinical trial funding provided by Essential Sterolin Products, a small, family-owned South African pharmaceutical company which has recently acquired a world patent for the compound. The compound does not affect viral replication, but instead helps the patient's natural immune system fight off HIV. 300 volunteers with HIV were involved in the double-blind placebo clinical trials launched in 1993. The compound's therapeutic power became clear after 6 months, so the trial was ended on ethical grounds. Administration of the compound has halted patients' physical deterioration, T-cell counts have increased by several hundred percent in some patients, HIV loads are decreasing, there have been no apparent side effects, and patients report both weight gain and a reduction in skin irritations. The compound is taken in pill form three times per day before meals at the current cost of approximately 40 US cents per day. The head of Essential Sterolin Products wants to keep the compound's price low so that people with HIV can afford it. The company is currently negotiating with two international drug corporations to market the compound worldwide as therapy for HIV patients. The capsules are already on the market in South Africa as a food supplement in health nutrition stores.