gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-electrostatic factors govern the hydrodynamic properties of articular cartilage proteoglycan (1993)

The hydrodynamic frictional resistance to water flow exerted by articular cartilage proteoglycan is shown to be similar to that of proteoglycan isolated from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma, and independent of the state of aggregation of the proteoglycan. Frictional resistance is dependent, however, on the chain segments of the constituent chondroitin-sulphate and keratan-sulphate chains of the proteoglycan. Frictional resistance offered by chondroitin sulphate was independent of pH over the range 3.2-8.7. This confirms previous studies, associated with varying ionic strength and chemical modification of ionic groups of chondroitin sulphate, which showed that the frictional resistance offered by this molecule is independent of electrostatic factors. Water-structure-breaking and hydrogen-bond-breaking solvents were also without major effects on the flow resistance offered by chondroitin sulphate. An overall secondary structure of chondroitin sulphate was not evident, as it showed no significant difference to dextran in terms of its temperature dependence of relative viscosity. Local regions of rigid secondary structure, as manifested through inter-residue hydrogen bonding between sugar residues, is likely to control flow resistance as periodate-oxidized chondroitin sulphate and periodate-oxidized and reduced preparations showed a significant decrease in their frictional resistance to water.
Inhibition of venom phospholipases A2 by manoalide and manoalogue. Stoichiometry of incorporation. (1991)

We have previously described the irreversible inhibition of cobra venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) by the marine natural product manoalide (MLD) (Lombardo, D., and Dennis, E. A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7234-7240) and by its synthetic analog, manoalogue (MLG) (Reynolds L. J., Morgan, B. P., Hite, G. A., Mihelich, E. D., and Dennis, E. A. (1988) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 5172-5177). We have now made a direct comparison of the action of these two inhibitors on PLA2 from cobra, bee, and rattlesnake venoms and have found that MLG behaves kinetically similarly to MLD in all cases with only minor differences. The time courses of inactivation differ significantly between the three enzymes, however, with the inactivation of bee and rattlesnake PLAs2, occurring much faster than does the inactivation of the cobra venom enzyme. The enzymes also differ in their sensitivity to the presence of Ca2+ during the inactivation. Of the three enzymes, the most Ca(2+)-sensitive is the rattlesnake enzyme, which shows a much faster rate of inactivation in the presence of Ca2+ than in the presence of EGTA. However, the same rate of inactivation was also observed when the inhibitor Ba2+ was substituted for Ca2+, indicating that catalytic activity is not required for inactivation of the enzyme. To probe the mechanism of inactivation and to determine the stoichiometry of incorporation, we have synthesized 3H-labeled MLG and have found that inactivation of cobra PLA2 is accompanied by an incorporation of 3.8 mol of [3H]MLG/mol of enzyme. The same amount of 3H incorporation was observed when p-bromophenacyl bromide-inactivated PLA2 was incubated with [3H]MLG, again indicating that catalytic activity is not required for the reaction of PLA2 with MLG. All together, these results suggest that MLD and MLG are not suicide inhibitors of PLA2. A portion of the incorporated radioactivity was acid-labile, and dialysis of the radiolabeled PLA2 under acidic conditions resulted in a loss of about one-third of the enzyme-associated radioactivity, leaving 2.4 mol of [3H]MLG/mol of PLA2. In previous studies, amino acid analysis, which also included acid treatment, indicated that MLG-modified cobra phospholipase A2 contained 2.8 mol of Lys less than the native enzyme. Thus, 1 mol of [3H]MLG is incorporated per mol of Lys lost. The implications of this 1:1 stoichiometry of MLG to Lys on the mechanism of reaction of these inhibitors is discussed.
Rationally designed inhibitor targeting antigen-trimming aminopeptidases enhances antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell responses (2013)

Intracellular aminopeptidases endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2), and as well as insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) process antigenic epitope precursors for loading onto MHC class I molecules and regulate the adaptive immune response. Their activity greatly affects the antigenic peptide repertoire presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes and as a result can regulate cytotoxic cellular responses contributing to autoimmunity or immune evasion by viruses and cancer cells. Therefore, pharmacological regulation of their activity is a promising avenue for modulating the adaptive immune response with possible applications in controlling autoimmunity, in boosting immune responses to pathogens, and in cancer immunotherapy. In this study we exploited recent structural and biochemical analysis of ERAP1 and ERAP2 to design and develop phosphinic pseudopeptide transition state analogs that can inhibit this family of enzymes with nM affinity. X-ray crystallographic analysis of one such inhibitor in complex with ERAP2 validated our design, revealing a canonical mode of binding in the active site of the enzyme, and highlighted the importance of the S2' pocket for achieving inhibitor potency. Antigen processing and presentation assays in HeLa and murine colon carcinoma (CT26) cells showed that these inhibitors induce increased cell-surface antigen presentation of transfected and endogenous antigens and enhance cytotoxic T-cell responses, indicating that these enzymes primarily destroy epitopes in those systems. This class of inhibitors constitutes a promising tool for controlling the cellular adaptive immune response in humans by modulating the antigen processing and presentation pathway.
Di-Grignard-Verbindungen und Metallacyclen (1987)

Entsprechend der berühmten Grignard-Reaktion, d. h. der Synthese von Organomagnesiumhalogeniden (Grignard-Verbindungen) aus organischen Halogeniden, kann man aus organischen Dihalogeniden unter gewissen Voraussetzungen Di-Grignard-Verbindungen erhalten. Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich vor allem, wenn die beiden Halogenfunktionen nur durch eine kurze Kohlenstoffkette voneinander getrennt sind, nämlich durch ein, zwei oder drei Kohlenstoffatome; in solchen Fällen überwiegen unerwünschte Reaktionen. In letzter Zeit ist es jedoch gelungen, auch solche „kurzen”︁ Di-Grignard-Verbindungen in präparativ brauchbarem Maßstab darzustellen. Dadurch eröffnen sich neue Perspektiven zur Synthese von metallacyclischen Verbindungen anderer Hauptgruppen- und Übergangsmetalle, insbesondere von Metallacyclobutanen.
Multiscale methods for the segmentation and reconstruction of signals and images (2000)

This paper addresses the problem of both segmenting and reconstructing a noisy signal or image. The work is motivated by large problems arising in certain scientific applications, such as medical imaging. Two objectives for a segmentation and denoising algorithm are laid out: it should be computationally efficient and capable of generating statistics for the errors in the reconstruction and estimates of the boundary locations. The starting point for the development of a suitable algorithm is a variational approach to segmentation (Shah 1992). This paper then develops a precise statistical interpretation of a one dimensional (1-D) version of this variational approach to segmentation. The 1-D algorithm that arises as a result of this analysis is computationally efficient and capable of generating error statistics. A straightforward extension of this algorithm to two dimensions would incorporate recursive procedures for computing estimates of inhomogeneous Gaussian Markov random fields. Such procedures require an unacceptably large number of operations. To meet the objective of developing a computationally efficient algorithm, the use of previously developed multiscale statistical methods is investigated. This results in the development of an algorithm for segmenting and denoising which is not only computationally efficient but also capable of generating error statistics, as desired.
Reduction of Dental Plaque Deposition in Humans by Oolong Tea Extract (1994)

The inhibitory effect of oolong tea extract (OTE) containing polymerized polyphenols on plaque deposition was examined in 35 human volunteers. Thirty-five human volunteers, aged 18-29 years, who received extensive oral prophylactic procedures were requested to refrain from all oral hygiene procedures for 4 days, and to rinse their mouth with 0.5 mg/ml OTE solution in 0.2% ethanol before and after every intake of food and before sleeping at night. No restriction regarding meals was given during the test period, except to refrain from teas or coffee. Plaque deposition was evaluated after disclosing the teeth with Erythrocin at the termination of this experiment. The study was repeated 1 week after the first trial, but only 0.2% ethanol without OTE was used for mouthrinsing in the second trial. OTE was found to significantly inhibit plaque deposition in volunteers, although mouthrinsing with OTE solution had no significant effect on the number of mutans streptococci in unstimulated whole saliva.
Synthesis of C−C-Bridged Bis<i>-</i>Isoflavones (2000)

Unique C-C-bridged bis-isoflavones 5, 8, and 9 were obtained by reaction of 2-bromomethyl-7,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone 4 with ethyl cyanoacetate anion or tetraethylammonium cyanide or by Pd-catalyzed ethoxycarbonylation, respectively. The phenolic carboxylic acid 7 is available from 5 in two steps.
The kinetics and mechanism of electrophilic substitution of heteroaromatic compounds. Part XV. Hydrogen exchange of 3,5-dimethylphenol and heterocyclic analogues (1968)

Acid-catalysed hydrogen exchange in the 3- and 5-positions is shown to occur on the free-base species of the 2,6-dimethyl derivatives of 4-pyridone, 1-hydroxy-4-pyridone, 4-pyrone, and 4-thiapyrone. At higher acidities, the mechanism changes for the first two compounds which then undergo exchange on the conjugate acids, and in addition 1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridone reacts at low acidities as its conjugate base. The mechanism of simultaneous methyl-group exchange in the pyrone and thiapyrone is elucidated. The kinetic data are used to determine the quantitative effect of the hetero-groups NH+–, N+(OH)–, N+(O–)–, O+–, and S+– on the rates; σm+ values are derived and discussed.
Thermal Contact Resistance of Metal Roller to Plastic Web Interfaces (1999)

Under the supervision of Professors William Beckman and John Mitchell; 139pp.
High-performance current-sensorless drive for PMSM and synRM with only low-resolution position sensor (2003)

This paper proposes the current-sensorless drive system with only low-resolution position sensor in order to simplify the synchronous motor drive system. The high-performance current vector control can be achieved in the proposed drive system, where the current sensors are eliminated but the simulated currents based on motor model are used for current control. The low-resolution position sensor, which has a resolution of only 60 electrical degrees, is used instead of a conventional high-resolution position sensor, and the position information with higher resolution is estimated. The steady-state performance and dynamic performance are examined by several drive tests with respect to the interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor and the synchronous reluctance motor. The effectiveness of the proposed drive system is clarified from several experimental results.
Sex Ratio in the Social Spider Diaea socialis (Araneae: Thomisidae) (1992)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Doped LaGaO3 Perovskite Type Oxide as a New Oxide Ionic Conductor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDoped LaGaO3 Perovskite Type Oxide as a New Oxide Ionic ConductorTatsumi Ishihara, Hideaki Matsuda, and Yusaku TakitaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9, 3801–3803Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00088a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6405Altmetric-Citations1294LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Normalization of Insulin Sensitivity With Lithium in Diabetic Rats (1989)

Lithium salts are commonly used in psychiatric patients and have been shown to have an insulinlike action in vitro. To define the impact of lithium ion on in vivo glucose metabolism, the effect of 2 wk of lithium treatment on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis in normal and diabetic rats was examined. Our results demonstrated the ability of lithium ions to completely restore insulin sensitivity to normal in diabetic rats. The insulin-mimetic activity of the cation seems to be highly specific for the glycogenic pathway in skeletal muscle. These results raise the possibility that lithium ion may prove effective in reversing the defect in glycogen storage that characterizes non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans.
Asymmetric Amination of α‐Chiral Aliphatic Aldehydes <i>via</i> Dynamic Kinetic Resolution to Access Stereocomplementary Brivaracetam and Pregabalin Precursors (2017)

Abstract Over the last decades biocatalysis has emerged as an indispensable and versatile tool for the asymmetric synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In this context, especially transaminases (TAs) have been successfully used for the preparation of numerous α‐chiral, optically pure amines, serving as important building blocks for APIs. Here we elaborate on the development of transaminases recognizing the α‐chiral centre adjacent to an aldehyde moiety with aliphatic residues, opening up concepts for novel synthetic routes to the antiepileptic drugs Brivaracetam and Pregabalin. The transformation proceeded via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) based on the bio‐induced racemisation of the aldehyde enantiomers, enabling the amination of the racemic substrates with quantitative conversions. Medium, substrate as well as enzyme engineering gave access to both ( R )‐ and ( S )‐enantiomers of the amine precursors of the stereocomplementary drugs in high optical purity, representing a short route to mentioned APIs. magnified image
Targeting BTK through microRNA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2016)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical mediator of survival in B-cell neoplasms. Although BTK inhibitors have transformed therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients with high-risk genetics are at risk for relapse and have a poor prognosis. Identification of novel therapeutic strategies for this group of patients is an urgent unmet clinical need, and therapies that target BTK via alternative mechanisms may fill this niche. Herein, we identify a set of microRNAs (miRs) that target BTK in primary CLL cells and show that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) repressor complex is recruited to these miR promoters to silence their expression. Targeting the HDACs by using either RNA interference against HDAC1 in CLL or a small molecule inhibitor (HDACi) in CLL and mantle cell lymphoma restored the expression of the BTK-targeting miRs with loss of BTK protein and downstream signaling and consequent cell death. We have also made the novel and clinically relevant discovery that inhibition of HDAC induces the BTK-targeting miRs in ibrutinib-sensitive and resistant CLL to effectively reduce both wild-type and C481S-mutant BTK. This finding identifies a novel strategy that may be promising as a therapeutic modality to eliminate the C481S-mutant BTK clone that drives resistance to ibrutinib and provides the rationale for a combination strategy that includes ibrutinib to dually target BTK to suppress its prosurvival signaling.
Spectrum 101: An Introduction to Spectrum Management (2004)

In the past, the availability of spectrum was a minor issue for the Department of Defense (DoD), as there was ample spectrum access to meet its needs. However, today, new technologies, the needs of other users, and the proliferation of wireless technologies worldwide have made maintaining even current spectrum allocations difficult. New, exciting wireless communication products are creating a large demand for spectrum. Wireless subscriber services are growing rapidly worldwide. Emerging countries are choosing to deploy wireless infrastructure in lieu of wired infrastructure since it costs less. All of these factors make a more competitive environment for worldwide spectrum access. As the recent operations in Afghanistan and Iraq can attest, the DoD achieves much of its military capability from exploiting technology, especially information technology. Military capability is dependent on spectrum availability and the current military transformation will make it more dependent in the future. Unless the DoD manages spectrum smartly it will forfeit its potential capability. This paper has been written to provide an introduction to Spectrum Management with a DoD perspective. It assumes an audience that is unfamiliar with radio communications theory, with the current allocation and use of spectrum, and with the processes involved in managing spectrum. It begins by providing an introduction to basic concepts in radio communications theory to build the novice's intuition so that he/she might subsequently understand the rationale for the current allocations and the methods for managing spectrum. It attempts to give a historical record of how these processes and allocations came to be. It describes the current spectrum management process to include the major players and the procedures they use to make decisions. Finally, it gives a brief introduction to some new technologies that are being introduced and their ramifications on the spectrum management process.
A new mobile police spatial information service grid computing model based on mobile agent (2010)

A new methodology of mobile police spatial information service grid model is studied based on spatial grid computing environment. Key technologies are presented in the model, including spatial grid computing, mobile agent (MA) distributed computing, mobile geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), video monitoring, transfer control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), and user datagram protocol (UDP). In order to deal with the narrow bandwidth and instability of the wireless internet, distributed organization of tremendous police spatial information, limited processing speed and low memory of mobile devices, a new mobile agent based mobile police spatial information service grid (MPSISG) architecture is further proposed that has good load balance, high processing efficiency, less network communication and thus suitable for mobile police real-time distributed and spatial grid computing environment. It can provide applications of police spatial information grid computing and mobile service. The theories and technologies architecture of MPSISG are built originally from the base, including police spatial information mobile agent model, distributed grid GIS server model, mobile agent server model and police mobile GIS client model. An application system for MPSISG is therefore developed authorship by visual c++ and embedded visual c++. A field test is carried out through this system in Beijing, and the results show that the proposed model and methods are feasible and adaptable for mobile police information service and police monitoring.
Separation and Characterization of an IgG2 Antibody Containing a Cyclic Imide in CDR1 of Light Chain by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was used to separate populations of recombinant IgG2 antibody that were created as a result of prolonged incubation at 40 degrees C. Antibody was separated by HIC into three major and seven minor fractions. All but one fraction was composed of antibody with distinct chemical modifications that resulted from exposure to elevated temperature. The results of intact and reduced mass analysis as well as peptide map data derived from the three major HIC fractions indicated that the antibody was being chromatographically separated into populations containing a succinimidyl intermediate in complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) on zero, one, and two light chain arms. Lower level species purified by HIC were analyzed by intact and reduced mass analysis and laser-induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (CE-LIF) and consisted of an antibody that was clipped in four different places in the heavy chain as well as misfolded and aggregated antibody. The potency of the recombinant antibody containing a succinimidyl intermediate on zero, one, and two light chain arms was analyzed by LANCE binding assay and a cell based in vitro bioassay, and the occurrence of this modification on one or both light chain arms was associated with a reduction in the binding affinity of the molecule to the target by approximately 10%. We show that HIC has the unique ability as a first step purification method to separate populations of antibody which are covalently modified under stability programs. The method conditions that have been developed for the HIC assay are ideal for purifying antibodies with labile modifications for the purpose of further characterization.
Artificial urethral sphincter for incontinence in adults (2001)

The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been in use for more than 2 decades. This review describes the history, evolution and use of the AUS in adults. Current rates of success and mechanical reliability are reviewed. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Navigation Using Deep Learning (2020)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a hot topic around the world. They are used in military applications as well as in private industry. UAV navigation is one of the most important areas in UAV development. Object detection and tracking, autonomous landing and obstacle avoidance have been researched for many years. Thanks to the development of deep learning, researchers are able to utilize such tools to improve their navigation algorithms. This chapter will briefly demonstrate several applications of deep learning in UAV navigation.
Taxonomy of Yeasts (1951)

fol' llllblielltion Ma~' Hi, Hl()O.
UNITED STATES (1951)

UNITED STATES: New York Get access HENRY COWELL HENRY COWELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume XXXVII, Issue 1, January 1951, Pages 76–89, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/XXXVII.1.76 Published: 01 January 1951