gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of human glucocerebrosidase following retroviral vector-mediated transduction of murine hematopoietic stem cells. (1991)

The human glucocerebrosidase (GC) gene has been expressed in the progeny of murine hematopoietic stem cells following transduction of marrow with a retroviral vector (G2) containing the human GC cDNA. Murine marrow was transduced via co-cultivation following prestimulation in the presence or absence of recombinant IL-3 and IL-6. A high rate of gene transfer and expression (95%) was demonstrated in primary day 12 CFU-S foci following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of G2-transduced marrow into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipient mice. Immunoreactive human GC protein was also documented in the CFU-S foci. Primary recipient mice were examined 4-6 months following BMT. A higher rate of gene transfer (87%) was seen in hematopoietic organs of recipients of prestimulated donor marrow compared with organs from initially unstimulated marrow (25%). A high rate of expression of human GC was also documented in the prestimulated organs (50%) when compared with the unstimulated group (25%). Secondary BMT was performed using marrow from the long-lived primary recipients. The human GC gene was present in 88% of secondary day 12 CFU-S foci examined in the prestimulated group versus 23% in the unstimulated group. Expression of the human GC gene was documented in secondary day 12 CFU-S foci, providing strong evidence of initial hematopoietic stem cell transduction.
Sexual Behavior, Seminal pH and Accessory Sex Gland Weights in Geldings Administered Testosterone and(or) Estradiol-17β1 (1980)

Sixteen stallions were castrated and 30 days later assigned to one of four treatments: (1) testosterone propionate (175 microgram/kg body weight), (2) 17 beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (44 micrograms/kg body weight), (3) a combination of both steroids or, (4) vehicle only. These dosage were administered every other day for 18 days. The dosages were then doubled and continued for 20 days. Concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in serum decreased rapidly after castration and stabilized within about 6 hours. Mean concentrations of testosterone and estradiol maintained by the steroids were 1.4 and 90 pg/ml, respectively, during treatment at the lower dosage, and 2.6 and 186 pg/ml during treatment at the higher dosage. Libido and the ability to ejaculate were gradually lost after castration. Testosterone restored both aspects of sexual behavior within 2 weeks. Estradiol effectively restored libido at the higher dosage, but was less effective in restoring the ability to ejaculate. The pH of gel-free semen increased after castration and was subsequently decreased by treatment with testosterone or the combination of both steroids. Estradiol had no effect on seminal pH. Weights of the seminal vesicles, ampullae and prostate were greater in geldings treated with testosterone or with both steroids than in estradiol-treated or control geldings. Since estradiol alone was able to restore libido in geldings, it is possible that the maintenance of libido in intact stallions involves either estradiol secreted directly by the testes or estradiol arising from aromatization in peripheral tissues. Treatment with estradiol at either concentration, did not appear to affect the size or function of sex glands in geldings.
Molecular Human Reproduction: Evidence for γ-aminobutyric acid specific binding sites on human spermatozoa (1995)

The possible presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) specific binding sites on human spermatozoa was investigated. Swim-up preparations of human spermatozoa were incubated with radiolabelled GABA in the presence of unlabelled GABA, alternatively displacers of GABAA/B receptors and GABA transport proteins. The results indicate that GABA specific binding sites are present on the surface of human spermatozoa, and that these binding sites possibly indicate the presence of GABA transport proteins. Furthermore, GABA at different concentrations was added to swim-up preparations of human spermatozoa. Possible effects of GABA on sperm motility, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction were explored. No significant differences were observed between treated groups and controls concerning motility parameters and hyperactivation. Incubation with GABA did not cause any increase in spontaneous acrosome reaction. However, spermatozoa treated with the calcium ionophore A-23187 showed a small but significantly increased ability to undergo the acrosome reaction following preincubation in 10(-4) M GABA (P < 0.05).
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPERBRANCHED POLY(ESTER-AMIDE)S BASED ON GALLIC ACID AND DL -2-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (2003)

A novel AB(3)-type monomer was prepared from gallic acid and DL-2-aminobutyric acid, and used for the synthesis of the biocompatible hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s by self-polycondensation. The polymers were characterized via FTIR and NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis, and the average degree of branching of the polymers was estimated to be 0.75. The polymers with abundant acetyl end groups were found to be amorphous with lower intrinsic viscosity, better thermal stability and excellent solubility.
Relationships between in vivo and in vitro measurements of metabolism in young and old human calf muscles (1993)

This study compared in vivo measurements of muscle metabolism in humans with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and in vitro analysis of biopsies. Healthy subjects [4 young males, 28.2 +/- 6.8 (SD) yr, and 6 older subjects (5 males, 1 female), 66 +/- 6.0 yr] performed a maximal cycle ergometer test, and MRS measurements of the calf muscles and needle biopsies of the lateral gastrocnemius were performed. Biopsies were analyzed for fiber type and citrate synthase (CS) activity. MRS measurements of inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, and pH were made using a 1.8-T 78-cm clear-bore magnet-and-spectrometer system. Two or three 5-min bouts of plantar flexion were performed against variable resistance to deplete PCr levels to 50% of resting values (mean end pH 6.99). PCr values during recovery were fit to an exponential curve, and the rate constant (PCrrate) was calculated. PCrrate was used as an index of oxidative metabolism. Older subjects had lower peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) values (19.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 49.5 +/- 8.1 ml O2.min-1 x kg-1), CS activities (16 +/- 2.8 vs. 25 +/- 2.6 mmol.kg wet wt-1 x min-1), and PCrrate values (25.3 +/- 8. vs. 37.5 +/- 5.3 mmol PCr.kg wet wt-1.min-1) than young subjects. PCrrate correlated with CS activity, and both PCrrate and CS activity correlated with VO2 peak (P < 0.05). No correlations were found between percent fiber type and PCrrate, CS activity, and VO2 peak. These results support studies that showed decreases in muscle metabolism with age in healthy humans and show a good correlation between in vivo and in vitro measurements of oxidative metabolism.
Commentary: Big Data and the Internet of Things (2017)

Catt's commentary on Snapp's big data article addresses his main concerns about Blue Ridge's assertions but also explores areas where he thinks big data has "the potential to improve supply-chain planning and execution with a focus on supporting demand forecasting." Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2017
Micro-flex mirror and instability actuation technique (2002)

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a surface micromachined mirror system which is capable of producing the required moments to rotate a mirror structure out of the plane of fabrication. The planar structures created by surface micromachining present difficulties with developing a sufficient moment to move structures out of the x-y plane when actuated by those same planar structures. This is due to the short moment arms (in thickness direction z) that can be created in the fabrication process. The instability actuation technique reported here has general application to moving 2-dimensional structures up and out of the plane of their original fabrication. This technique can be applied to "build" truly 3-dimensional structures from a nearly 2-dimensional fabrication process. Surface micromachining can now be considered a 3-dimensional process where 3-dimensional structures are built by raising up structures by the instability actuation technique and making appropriate mechanical interconnections.
A coherent Ising machine with quantum measurement and feedback control (2015)

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative approach to solve these problems by a specialized physical computing system. To evaluate its potential performance, computational experiments are performed on maximum cut (MAX-CUT) problems against traditional algorithms such as semidefinite programming relaxation of Goemans-Williamson and simulated annealing by Kirkpatrick, et al. The numerical results empirically suggest that the almost constant computation time is required to obtain the reasonably accurate solutions of MAX-CUT problems on a CIM with the number of vertices up to $2 \times 10^4$ and the number of edges up to $10^8$.
Real-time experiments of ANC systems for infant incubators (2012)

This paper presents real-time experiments of applying active noise control (ANC) algorithms for infant incubators to reduce recorded neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) noise. Research shows that 10�15% of newborns spend time in NICU and high noise levels in the infant incubator result in numerous adverse health effects. The ANC system has potential benefits of generating quiet environment for newborns inside the incubators and decreasing the risk of health impairment and disability. Real-time experiments of single-channel and multiple-channel ANC structures were conducted using real recorded NICU noise samples. An average reduction of 13 dB and 17 dB are obtained by using single-channel and multiple-channel ANC systems.
The human type I collagen mutation database (1997)

Type I collagen is the most abundant and ubiquitously distributed of the collagen family of proteins. It is a heterotrimer comprising two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain which are encoded by the unlinked loci COL1A1 and COL1A2 respectively. Mutations at these loci result primarily in the connective tissue disorders osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome types VIIA and VIIB. Two instances of osteoporosis and a single instance of Marfan syndrome are also the result of mutations at these loci. The mutation data are accessible on the world wide web at http://www.le.ac.uk/depts/ge/collagen/collagen.html
Light therapy for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (2004)

Although there is some evidence for influence of light therapy on sleep and circadian activity rhythmicity, it is not possible to draw any conclusion about efficacy of light therapy for BPSD, or about practicability in clinical settings and safety. There are still too few well designed studies. Suggestions for further research are presented.
Semiconductor-electrolyte interface devices for solar energy conversion (1974)

A new application of the well known semiconductor-electrolyte interface is reported in this letter. The space-charge layer necessary for photovoltaic processes is simply created in the semiconductor-electrolyte interface by the charge transfer process. Application of this interface for solar energy conversion is quite interesting. These cells avoid the costly and elaborate p-n junction fabrication and allow the use of polycrystalline and amorphous semiconductors for photovoltaic conversion.
Two differing precursor genes for the salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone exist in salmonids (1995)

Salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) is considered to have an important role in the control of reproduction in salmonid fish. As a basis for understanding the physiological functioning of sGnRH at the molecular level, we characterized the nucleotide sequences of two types of cDNAs encoding the precursors of sGnRH in sockeye salmon (ss), Oncorhynchus nerka, by a cloning strategy based on reverse transcription-PCR. The two types of cDNAs are referred to as ss-pro-sGnRH-I and -II, and consisted of 435 and 481 bases respectively. Both precursors are predicted to contain a signal peptide, the hormone and a GnRH-associated peptide that is attached to the hormone via a Gly-Lys-Arg sequence. The presence of two types of mRNAs hybridizing with either cDNA was confirmed by Northern blot analysis of brain RNA from sockeye salmon, masu salmon, O. masou, and rainbow trout, O. mykiss. The ss-pro-sGnRH-I cDNA had 97.2% and 82.8% overall identity with sGnRH cDNA from masu salmon and putative sGnRH cDNA deduced from the gene of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar respectively, whereas the ss-pro-sGnRH-II cDNA had 80.0% and 91.2% overall identity with the former and the latter respectively. The nucleotide sequences of ss-sGnRH-I and -II cDNAs showed less similarity (79.3%). These results indicated that each salmonid species possesses two differing sGnRH genes. The results of Southern blot analysis using genomic DNA extracted from individuals support this evidence in sockeye salmon, masu salmon and rainbow trout.
Responsabilidad patrimonial por daño ambiental: propuestas de reforma legal (2005)

La proteccion del medio ambiente cristaliza en el mundo del Derecho en un conjunto de tecnicas y figuras tanto de caracter preventivo como represivo-retributivo. Destaca con fuerza especial el instrumentario destinado a restablecer y restituir el equilibrio ecologico alterado por la mano del hombre, que en la sociedad compleja y tecnificada de nuestros dias alcanza una potencialidad destructiva sin precedentes. El nudo gordiano de ese sistema consiste en hacer recaer sobre los hombros del agresor o contaminador las consecuencias de su actuacion. La existencia de una regulacion progresista de la por danos al medio ambiente es, pues, una pieza esencial de cualquier ordenamiento protector del entorno, y se proyecta tanto al plano privado-civil, como en el administrativo y penal. En Espana, el regimen legal de la patrimonial por danos ambientales se encuentra en una situacion insatisfactoria. Tradicionalmente, se ha desarrollado en el marco de la legislacion civil, hasta el punto de que se la designa habitualmente como responsabilidad civil por danos al medio ambiente. Sin embargo, este regimen no puede satisfacer plenamente las exigencias modernas de la proteccion ambiental, dado el caracter difuso o dominial de los valores y bienes tutelados, la etiologia y escala habitual de los danos ambientales, asi como el regimen procesal que inspira la legislacion civil. Es, por lo tanto, necesario desplazar el centro de gravedad de nuestro regimen legal de la por danos al medio ambiente, pasando a caracterizarla como una patrimonial, desvinculada de lo civil, regulada por el derecho publico, y activada y gestionada por la Administracion publica, garante social de la proteccion ambiental. Nuestro ordenamiento ya contempla, en ciertos casos, la posibilidad de que la Administracion exija a los infractores que lesionen el medio ambiente la obligacion de restituir los danos que se infieran a elementos concretos del entorno, que no son susceptibles de apropiacion privada debido a su caracter dominial (aguas, costas, etc.), o incluso de que persiga a aquellos que simplemente alteren el equilibrio ecologico considerado in abstracto.
Logic optimization by an improved sequential redundancy addition and removal technique (2002)

Logic optimization methods using automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) techniques such as redundancy addition and removal have recently been proposed. We generalize this approach for synchronous sequential circuits. We proposed several new sequential transformations which can be efficiently identified and used for optimizing large designs. One of the new transformations involves adding redundancies across time frames in a sequential circuit. We also suggest a new transformation which involves adding redundancies to block initialization of other wires. We use efficient sequential ATPG techniques to identify more sequential redundancies for either addition or removal. We have implemented a sequential logic optimization system based upon this approach. We show experimental results to demonstrate that this approach is both CPU time efficient and memory efficient and can optimize large sequential designs significantly.
Direct generation of broadband chaos by a monolithic integrated semiconductor laser chip (2013)

A solitary monolithic integrated semiconductor laser (MISL) chip with a size of 780 micrometer is designed and fabricated for broadband chaos generation. Such a MISL chip consists of a DFB section, a phase section and an amplification section. Test results indicate that under suitable operation conditions, this laser chip can be driven into broadband chaos. The generated chaos covers an RF frequency range, limited by our measurement device, of 26.5GHz, and possesses significant dimension and complexity. Moreover, the routes into and out of chaos are also characterized through extracting variety dynamical states of temporal waveforms, phase portraits, RF spectra and statistical indicators.
Studies on Phenazines. XX. Antibacterial Activity of Phenazine Derivatives against Mycobacterium smegmatis and the Effect of Copper. (1958)

Inhibitory activity of 14 kinds of phenazine derivatives on the growth of Mycobaeterium smegmatis and effect of copper on this activity were examined by shake culture. It was thereby found that the activity of compounds was affected by copper when a hydroxyl was present in 1-position of the phenazine ring and this was considered to be due to formation of a copper chelate. The growth inhibitory activity of the phenazine derivatives themselves and their copper chelates was found to be different from the slope of straight line in concentration-inhibition curves. From the LD50 of phenazine derivatives, the strongest inhibitory activity was found in compounds having no ability to form a chelate, like 1-and 2-methoxyphenazine.
Review and Analysis of Optical Recording Media (1976)

Optical data storage systems employing large varieties of different recording materials have been investigated in great detail over the last few years. In this paper, we present a review of most of the known classes of optical recording media and describe a procedure for identifying materials with potential interest for specific applications. To provide a context for demonstrating this point, we pick as an example an optical disc recording and playback system. We feel the most useful application of this type of analysis is to help eliminate those materials from consideration which are unlikely to meet system requirements.
High resolution positron emission tomography with a prototype camera based on solid state scintillation detectors (1990)

The prototype of a high-resolution PET (positron emission tomography) camera consisting of two opposite arrays of detectors with independent solid-state readout was built and tested. The basic detector unit is the RCA C30994 detector module consisting of two 3-mm*5-mm*20-mm BGO scintillators, each coupled to one silicon avalanche photodiode. The two-dimensional stacking capability of the module allows a high-resolution multiring detection system to be assembled without crystal coding. The prototype was used to simulate a 31-cm-diameter dual ring tomograph suitable for animal studies. Coincident detector pair resolution was measured, and the contributions to resolution loss were estimated using a platinum-sheathed 0.75 mm /sup 68/Ge line source. The intrinsic resolution is 1.9 mm FWHM (full width at half maximum), 3.5 mm FWTM at the center of the field. The reconstructed point spread function resolution in a stationary mode is 2.3 mm FWHM at the center and 3.1 mm FWHM (tangential), 3.9 mm FWHM (radial) 5 cm from the center. The axial resolution is less than 3.5 mm FWHM throughout the field. The ring sensitivity for an animal system is 67 kcps/mCi in air for an axial line source and 3.3 kcps/ mu Ci/ml for a 10-cm-diameter cylinder of /sup 22/Na solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo uptake of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase. Morphological evidence for preferential endocytosis and accumulation by sinusoidal liver cells. (1996)

Bovine Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), conjugated to colloidal gold, was intravenously administered to rats and its distribution studied by electron microscopy. Liver was the preferential site of accumulation of gold-labelled SOD. Among liver cells types, Kupffer and endothelial cells showed the presence of the protein earlier than hepatocytes. Uptake by kidney showed slower kinetics than liver. No uptake by heart could be detected. The gold-labelled SOD was localized inside coated pits, coated vesicles and other non-coated endocytic compartments. Absence of binding by BSA-gold complexes and competition between free SOD and the gold-labelled one demonstrated the specificity of the uptake process. Our morphological evidences suggest that in vivo internalization of SOD occurs most likely through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
MSE Performance Evaluation of Zero-Padded CAZAC Sequence for Reasonable Utilization (2007)

The classical 4-phase constant-amplitude zero-autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence with the length of 16 has been used for multifarious purposes such as channel estimation and frequency/timing synchronizations since it presents good performance even in low signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions. However, as multiple transmit antennas are employed, its properties are easily destroyed by the effect of multipath. In this letter, we propose a technique which ensures that the conventional CAZAC sequence is reliable in a multi-antenna system by inserting nulls. The performance of the modified sequence is verified through the mean s quare error (MSE) performance with the least squares (LS) method.
Disagreement in Inflation Forecasts and Inflation Risk Premia in Brazil (2017)

The aim of this study is to investigate the link between the inflation uncertainty and the inflation risk premia implied by the term structures of nominal and real interest rates in Brazil. We gauge the latter by the difference between the breakeven inflation rate and agents’ inflation median expectations in the Focus Survey published by the Central Bank of Brazil. To proxy for inflation uncertainty, we employ the standard deviation of the 12-month inflation expectations in the Focus Survey. We first estimate the impact of inflation uncertainty on the inflation risk premia across different horizons using a VAR approach. We find that shocks in inflation uncertainty significantly affect the 9-, 12-, 24- and 36-month inflation risk premia. The impact is positive, increasing with maturity at least up to 12 months. We then estimate an alternative VAR specification that summarizes the term structure of inflarion risk premia by means of level, slope and curvature factors. It turns out that shocks in inflation uncertainty do not affect the slope and curvature factors, resulting only in parallel shifts in the inflation premium term structure. This is in line with the fact that the higher the inflation uncertainty, the higher is the compensation that investors will require to hold fixed rate bonds.
Effect of smoking on the incidence of localized osteitis following mandibular third molar surgery. (1978)

Two portrait engravings of Theodore Roosevelt and Charles Fairbanks enclosed in an envelope from the United States Senate addressed to Quentin Roosevelt.