gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Referring Expressions: Making Referents Easy to Identify (2007)

It is often desirable that referring expressions be chosen in such a way that their referents are easy to identify. This article focuses on referring expressions in hierarchically structured domains, exploring the hypothesis that referring expressions can be improved by including logically redundant information in them if this leads to a significant reduction in the amount of search that is needed to identify the referent. Generation algorithms are presented that implement this idea by including logically redundant information into the generated expression, in certain well-circumscribed situations. To test our hypotheses, and to assess the performance of our algorithms, two controlled experiments with human subjects were conducted. The first experiment confirms that human judges have a preference for logically redundant expressions in the cases where our model predicts this to be the case. The second experiment suggests that readers benefit from the kind of logical redundancy that our algorithms produce, as measured in terms of the effort needed to identify the referent of the expression.
Abnormal Thermoregulatory Responses in Adolescents With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Relation to Clinical Symptoms (2007)

Adolescent patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have abnormal catecholaminergic-dependent thermoregulatory responses both at rest and during local skin cooling, supporting a hypothesis of sympathetic dysfunction and possibly explaining important clinical symptoms.
A high performance 3.97 μm/sup 2/ CMOS SRAM technology using self-aligned local interconnect and copper interconnect metallization (2002)

In this work a 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T CMOS SRAM bitcell technology has been developed using a logic based platform incorporating a self-aligned local interconnect and copper metallization. This 0.20 /spl mu/m process technology is suitable for stand-alone SRAM applications as well as embedded applications such as digital signal processors. A stable bitcell operation has been demonstrated for power supply (Vdd) of 1.8 V. In this technology, the minimum transistor is (0.27 /spl mu/m/spl times/0.15 /spl mu/m) with a gate pitch of 0.54 /spl mu/m and minimum metal pitch of 0.65 /spl mu/m.
Functional analysis and growth factor regulation of the human vimentin promoter. (1987)

Vimentin is a growth-regulated gene whose mRNA levels increase severalfold after stimulation of quiescent cells. We have isolated and sequenced a genomic fragment of human DNA containing the vimentin 5'-flanking sequence and untranslated region. S1 nuclease analysis was used to determine the transcription initiation site. Deletion mutants of the promoter region were constructed, linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, and analyzed for transient expression by transfection into BALB/c 3T3 cells. These experiments revealed the presence in the human vimentin promoter region of a negative-regulatory element, flanked by positive elements. The most 5' of the positive elements is able to overcome the effects of the negative element. Analysis of these deletion constructs in stable cell lines confirmed the results of the transient assays. Using these stable cell lines, we can also demonstrate that the vimentin promoter region can confer platelet-derived growth factor inducibility to a linked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and that the sequences required for this inducibility reside between positions -241 and +73.
Inter-laboratory Evaluation Studies for Development of Notified ELISA Methods for Allergic Substances (Wheat) (2004)

Extracts of sausage, sauce, pasta sauce, fish paste and cereal spiked with wheat standard protein at a level of 5-20 ng/mL as sample solutions were analyzed in replicate in 10 laboratories. Coefficients of variation (CVs) of both ELISA methods using a Wheat Protein ELISA Kit (Gliadin kit) and a FASTKIT Wheat ELISA Kit (Wheat ELISA kit) were mostly below 10%. Mean recoveries of the wheat standard protein from the food extracts were over 40% in the two ELISA methods except those from cereal extract determined using the Wheat ELISA kit. Repeatability relative standard deviations of wheat standard protein in the five food extracts were in the ranges of 16-26.9% and 3.7-36.2% for the Gliadin kit and the Wheat ELISA kit, respectively. Reproducibility relative standard deviations of wheat standard protein in the five food extracts were 21.6-38.5%, 29.7-53.8% for the Gliadin kit and the Wheat ELISA kit, respectively. The recoveries of wheat standard protein from the cereal extract were improved by the increasing the amount of antibody coated on the plate in the Wheat ELISA kit. The detection limits of both ELISA methods were 1 ng/mL in sample solutions. These results suggested that the notified ELISA methods are reliable and reproducible for the inspection of wheat protein levels in extracts of sausage, sauce, pasta sauce, fish paste and cereal.
Global Optimization with Polynomials and the Problem of Moments (2001)

We consider the problem of finding the unconstrained global minimum of a real-valued polynomial p(x): {\mathbb{R}}^n\to {\mathbb{R}}$, as well as the global minimum of p(x), in a compact set K defined by polynomial inequalities. It is shown that this problem reduces to solving an (often finite) sequence of convex linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. A notion of Karush--Kuhn--Tucker polynomials is introduced in a global optimality condition. Some illustrative examples are provided.
Purification of Different Amphiphilic Forms of a Microvillus Aminopeptidase from Pig Small Intestine Using Immunoadsorbent Chromatography (1978)

1 A detergent-solubilized pig intestinal microvillus aminopeptidase (microsomal aminopeptidase, EC 3.4.11.2) was purified approximately 150 times with a yield of about 20% by a rapid and simple immunoadsorbent technique. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulphate. Furthermore it was essentially free from other known peptidases and disaccharidases. 2 By charge-shift crossed immunoelectrophoresis it was demonstrated that the hydrophilic form was continuously generated both during a more time-consuming purification procedure and during storage. The development of a rapid purification procedure allowed the preparation of an amphiphilic form free from the hydrophilic one, which could be stabilized by 0.5 mM HgCl2. 3 Intestinal aminopeptidase isolated from a pig having the pancreatic duct ligated three days before sacrifice migrated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulphate as a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 162000. In contrast, the enzyme from a pig with intact pancreatic duct when purified even in the presence of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor consisted of three polypeptide chains (molecular weights 162000, 123000 and 61000). Trypsin treatment in vitro converted the large polypeptide chain into the two smaller ones. It is suggested that the membrane-bound enzyme after biosynthesis is modified by trypsin and/or chymotrypsin. 4 The conversion of the amphiphilic form to the hydrophilic one and the hydrolysis of the large polypeptide chain into the two smaller ones represented different reactions.
Ranking Radically Influential Web Forum Users (2015)

The growing popularity of online social media is leading to its widespread use among the online community for various purposes. In the recent past, it has been found that the web is also being used as a tool by radical or extremist groups and users to practice several kinds of mischievous acts with concealed agendas and promote ideologies in a sophisticated manner. Some of the web forums are predominantly being used for open discussions on critical issues influenced by radical thoughts. The influential users dominate and influence the newly joined innocent users through their radical thoughts. This paper presents an application of collocation theory to identify radically influential users in web forums. The radicalness of a user is captured by a measure based on the degree of match of the commented posts with a threat list. Eleven different collocation metrics are formulated to identify the association among users, and they are finally embedded in a customized PageRank algorithm to generate a ranked list of radically influential users. The experiments are conducted on a standard data set provided for a challenge at ISI-KDD’12 workshop to find radical and infectious threads, members, postings, ideas, and ideologies. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms the existing UserRank algorithm. We also found that the collocation theory is more effective to deal with such ranking problem than the textual and temporal similarity-based measures studied earlier.
Preexisting Neutralizing Antibodies to Adeno-Associated Virus Capsids in Large Animals Other Than Monkeys May Confound <i>In Vivo</i> Gene Therapy Studies (2015)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are currently being tested not only in small animal models such as mice but also in large animal models, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Natural exposure to AAV occurs in most of the species used in these studies and potentially elicits a neutralizing humoral immune response to AAV. In this study, we show the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to several AAV serotypes in these large animals as measured by an in vitro NAb assay and the ability of these NAbs to block AAV transduction in an in vivo mouse model of NAb passive transfer assay. The results of this study clearly show the importance of evaluating large animal models for the presence of AAV NAbs before enrolling them in AAV-mediated gene therapy studies.
Exact and Approximate Solutions of the Perspective-Three-Point Problem (1992)

Model-based pose estimation techniques that match image and model triangles rquire large numbers of matching operations in realworld applications. We show that by using approximations to perspective, 2-D lookup tables can be built for each of the triangles of the models. An approximation called &quot;weak perspective&quot; has been applied previously to this problem; we consider two other perspective approximations: paraperspective and orthoperspective. These approximations produce lower errors for off-center image features than weak perspective.
Class-based cache management for dynamic Web content (2002)

Caching dynamic pages at a server site is beneficial in reducing server resource demands and it also helps dynamic page caching at proxy sites. Previous work has used fine-grain dependence graphs among individual dynamic pages and underlying data sets to enforce result consistency. This paper proposes a complementary solution for applications that require coarse-grain cache management. The key idea is to partition dynamic pages into classes based on URL patterns so that an application can specify page identification and data dependence, and invoke invalidation for a class of dynamic pages. To make this scheme time-efficient with small space requirement, lazy invalidation is used to minimize slow disk accesses when IDs of dynamic pages are stored in memory with a digest format. Selective precomputing is further proposed to refresh stale pages and smoothen load peaks. A data structure is developed for efficient URL class searching during lazy or eager invalidation. This paper also presents design and implementation of a caching system called Cachuma which integrates the above techniques, runs in tandem with standard Web servers, and allows Web sites to add dynamic page caching capability with minimal changes. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques are effective in supporting coarse-grain cache management and reducing server response times for tested applications.
Recent advances of siRNA delivery by nanoparticles (2011)

Non-viral carrier systems, especially nanoparticles, have been investigated extensively for siRNA delivery, and may be utilized in clinical applications in the future. So far, a few preliminary clinical trials of nanoparticles have produced promising results. However, further research is still required to pave the way to successful clinical applications. The most important issues that need to be focused on include encapsulation efficiency, formulation stability of siRNA, degradation in circulation, endosomal escape and delivery efficiency, targeting, toxicity and off-target effects. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies also present another great challenge for nanoparticle delivery systems, owing to the unique nature of siRNA oligonucleotides compared with small molecules.
Analysis and engineering of a voice/data packet multiplexer (1993)

This paper investigates performance and engineering issues concerning a multiplexer scheme that has been implemented in AT&T's Integrated Access Terminal (IAT) to transport packetized voice and data traffic on shared facilities. The multiplexer serves voice and data traffic according to a dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme in order to simultaneously meet their performance requirements. A bit-dropping procedure is employed for voice packets to provide a graceful degradation of voice quality under overload conditions. An analytical model is developed for the multiplexer service scheme that estimates performance parameters given the voice and data offered loads. The model is used to demonstrate the capacity advantages of dynamic bandwidth allocation, and to generate load-service curves that illustrate the tradeoffs of carrying different combinations of voice and data traffic on the multiplexer. Sensitivity of voice and data performance to the multiplexer time-slice parameters is also investigated. The model is readily embedded in a design approach that determines the bandwidth required to carry the voice and data traffic demands while satisfying all desired performance objectives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Room-Temperature Continuous Wave Operation of InGaN Laser Diodes with Vertical Conducting Structure on SiC Substrate (1998)

We demonstrated for the first time room-temperature continuous wave operation of InGaN laser diodes with a vertical conducting structure fabricated on a SiC substrate. The threshold current and voltage were 84 mA and 12 V, respectiely, under pulsed operation. The threshold current corresponds to a threshold current density of 5.6 kA/cm 2 , which is the lowest ever reported with InGaN laser diodes on a SiC substrate. Under continuous wave operation, the threshold current and voltage were 115 mA and 10.5 V, respectiely. The peak lasing wavelength was 408.2 nm. Longitudinal modes of the optical cavity were clearly obsered. The laser oscillation was obsered up to 40°C under CW operation.
<title>Efficient image retrieval approaches for different similarity requirements</title> (1999)

The amount of pictorial data grows enormously with the expansion of the WWW. From the large number of images, it is very important for users to retrieve desired images via an efficient and effective mechanism. In this paper we prose two efficient approaches to facilitate image retrieval by using a simple method to represent the image content. Each image is partitioned into m X n equal-sized sub-images. A color that has enough number of pixels in a block is extracted to represent its content. In the first approach, the image content is represented by the extracted colors of the blocks. The spatial information of images is considered in image retrieval. In the second approach, the colors of the blocks in an image are used to extract objects. A block- level process is process is proposed to perform the region extraction. The spatial information of regions is considered unimportant in image retrieval. Our experiments show that these two block-based approaches can speed up the image retrieval. Moreover, the two approaches are effective for different requirements of image similarity. Users can choose a proper approach to process their queries based on their similarity requirements.
Ceramics and Nanostructures from Molecular Precursors (2000)

The elaboration of solids from the molecular scale by a kinetically controlled methodology is one of the main challenges of molecular chemistry. In the long term, this should permit the design of solids with desired properties. Here, some examples are given which show a few methods that have been used for the preparation of solids from molecular precursors. The one-pot synthesis of rheologically controlled SiC is described. Access to a new kind of ceramic is obtained by the same methodology using molecular precursors. Mixed ceramics with interpenetrating networks are not accessible by the chemical thermodynamic route. The chemistry of hybrid materials obtained from molecular precursors through inorganic polymerization is presented. This class of materials offers wide perspectives because of 1) the large possibilities opened by the organic unit, 2) the kinetic control, which permits any kind of texture for the solid, and 3) the aptitude of these solids to become nanostructured.
Use of Radioiodinated Fatty Acid for Photoscans of the Heart (1965)

Radioiodinated fatty acid bound to albumin (RIFA) was given by intravenous injection to dogs and moribund human subjects in order to label heart muscle. Photoscans of the thorax of dogs given RIFA revealed concentration of radioactivity in the ventricular region of the heart due to incorporation of the labeled fatty acid into myocardial triglyceride and phospholipid. Photoscans of the thorax following intravenous injection of radioiodinated serum albumin or NaI 131 showed a different density pattern in the region of the heart due to radioactivity in blood within the cardiac chambers. Areas of myocardial infarction were detected in photoscans of the thorax in 11 of 14 dogs in which one coronary artery was ligated. At necropsy the concentration of radioactivity was much higher in healthy myocardium than in infarcted muscle. The same distribution of radioactivity was observed in hearts from three human subjects with myocardial infarction given RIFA shortly before death. It is proposed that areas of myocardial infarction might be demonstrated during life by photoscans of the thorax following intravenous injection of RIFA.
Agricultural Limestones, Surface Area and Reactivity of Typical Limestones (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAgricultural Limestones, Surface Area and Reactivity of Typical LimestonesK. S. Love and C. W. WhittakerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1954, 2, 25, 1268–1272Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60045a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60045a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An evaluation of PCTE as a portable tool platform (2002)

PCTE has been called the "open respository" because it aims to provide a common environment for portable tools. If a technological base for system development environments (SDEs) is to be truly open, then portability of tools from one base to another is an important requirement, and a good test of how much of an "open system" that base really is. Tool portability has two aspects in relation to PCTE-based environments; porting tools to PCTE from conventional operating systems and porting tools from one PCTE implementation to another. This paper reports on investigations into the degree to which PCTE makes both of the above possible. It discusses the features of PCTE that were found to be of particular benefit as well as some that were not and some portability problems that persist despite the facilities offered by PCTE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antioxidant vitamins in chronic renal failure (2009)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in pathogenesis of chronic renal failure (CRF) , leading to damage to protein, lipid and DNA.. The present paper focuses on the extent of free radical damage on lipid (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA) and effect on antioxidant defense mechanism (measured as vitamin E and vitamin C in the serum of CRF patients predialytically. The study was done at M.S.Ramaiah Medical Teaching Hospital, Bangalore, between October 2005 to june 2006.40 cases and 40 controls between age group of 25 - 60 were taken. Lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of MDA and antioxidant were measured as vitamin E and Vitamin C in serum of CRF patients before dialysis. The level of MDA, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen was significantly increased, antioxidant vitamin levels were decreased in CRF patients as compared to normal subjects. The elevation of ROS can lead to lipid peroxidation with progressive renal failure and also promote the complication of CRF. These patients can be supplemented with antioxidant vitamins for preventing lipid peroxidation and occurance of complica-tion.So, supplemention with antioxidant vitamins serves as a method of preventing oxidative stress among patients with renal disease
Automatic generation of script font ligatures based on curve smoothness optimization (1994)

The idea of type as a fixed geometrical object is shown to be inadequate to script types. The method presented creates ligatures between script font glyphs on-the-fly, i.e. as a part of the glyth rasterization process. This is done by manipulation of an existing font. So the process described here allows to give existing fonts the intelligence to join characters correctly when being interpreted by a standard font rasterizer or print server. Of vital importance to the method is the natural appearance of the curve serving as the 'ligature backbone'. In this article, a new smoothness criterion for curves is developed. Then, a method is presented that creates a curve connecting two given curves in a natural looking way - this is done by optimizing a parametric curve by means of the new criterion. With this algorithm being integrated into on-the-fly generation of script font ligatures, these ligatures get the required level of quality.
On some new species and two new genera of Coccidae (Homoptera) from Southern Rhodesia (1941)

Ten short papers dealing with the Coccidae of Southern Rhodesia have been published at intervals during the past thirteen years* in the course of which 171 species have either been descriptionbed or recorded. New species and species not previously recorded from this Colony continue to be collected from time to time and the present short paper deals with ten such species for two of which new genera are erected.