gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid heating effects by SAW streaming on the piezoelectric substrate (2005)

When a liquid is placed on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation surface, a longitudinal wave is radiated into the liquid, and the liquid begins to vibrate stream, jet, and atomize. This phenomenon is known as SAW streaming. In this paper, we describe experimental results concerning the temperature of a thin liquid layer during SAW generation. The results reveal that the temperature of the liquid is a function of the SAW amplitude, which is determined by the applied voltage. This means that the liquid temperature can be controlled by the applied voltage. We conclude that a novel microliquid heating system can be realized using the SAW device.
Safety and Arming Device Design Principles (1999)

Abstract : This report documents the principles that have been used by fuze designers at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, China Lake, Calif., for over 30 years in the creation of safety devices for warheads in missiles and free fall weapons. The underlying philosophy in implementing safety and arming (SA and (2) the difficulties in determining with adequate confidence what the safety failure rate is for any given system while considering all possible manufacture to target scenarios up to, and including, accidents and combat. This report describes the most sound methodology to approach the design of an S&A device that meets as closely as possible the requirements for safety and reliability.
A recurrent neural network classifier for improved retrievals of areal extent of snow cover (2001)

Accurate detection of areal extent of snow in mountainous regions is important. Areal extent of snow is a useful climatic indicator. Moreover, snow melt is a major source of water supply for many arid regions (e.g., western United States, Morocco) and affects regional ecosystems. Unfortunately, accurate satellite retrievals of areal extent of snow have been difficult to achieve. Two approaches to effectively and accurately detect clear land, cloud, and areal extent of snow in satellite data are developed. A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is used to classify individual images, and a recurrent NN is used to classify sequences of images. The continuous outputs of the NN, combined with a linear mixing model, provide support for mixed-pixel classification. Validation with independent in situ data confirms the classification accuracy (94% for feed-forward NN, 97% for recurrent NN). The combination of rapid temporal sampling (e.g., GOES) and a recurrent NN classifier is recommended (relative to an isolated scene (e.g., AVHRR) and a feed-forward NN classifier).
An impedance matched phase shifter using BaSrTiO/sub 3/ thin film (2006)

We present a distributed phase shifter with an equal ripple return loss at its operation frequency range. The phase shifter is based on a periodic structure and consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line periodically loaded with voltage-variable barium strontium titanate (BST) interdigitated capacitors. Measurements show that its return loss is better than -15dB at frequencies from direct current to 16GHz, and at 9.4GHz, its phase shift is 41/spl deg/ under 120-V applied bias voltage.
The Meaning of Patent Citations: Report on the NBER/Case-Western Reserve Survey of Patentees (2000)

A survey of recent patentees was conducted to elicit their perceptions regarding the importance of their inventions, the extent of their communication with other inventors, and the relationship of both importance and communication to observed patent citations. A cohort of 1993 patentees were asked specifically about 2 patents that they had cited, and a third "placebo" patent that was similar but which they did not cite. One of the two cited inventors was also surveyed. We find that inventors report significant communication, at least some of which is in forms that suggests spillovers from the cited inventor to the citing inventor. The perception of such communication was substantively and statistically significantly greater for the cited patents than for the placebos. There is, however, a large amount of noise in citations data; it appears that something like one-half of all citations do not correspond to any perceived communication, or even necessarily to a perceptible technological relationship between the inventions. We also find a significant correlation between the number of citations a patent received and its importance (both economic and technological) as perceived by the inventor.
Switcherland (1998)

Computer systems have become powerful enough to process continuous data streams such as video or animated graphics. While processing power and communication bandwidth of today's systems typically are sufficient, quality of service (QoS) guarantees as required for handling such data types cannot be provided by these systems in adequate ways.We present Switcherland, a scalable communication architecture based on crossbar switches that provides QoS guarantees for workstation clusters in the form of reserved bandwidth and bounded transmission delays. Similar to the ATM technology Switcherland provides QoS guarantees with the help of service classes, that is, data transfers are characterized as variable bit rate traffic or constant bit rate traffic. However, unlike LAN technologies, Switcherland is optimized for cluster computing in that (i) it serves as a backplane interconnection fabric as well as a LAN, (ii) it extends support for service classes by also covering the end nodes of the network, (iii) it provides low latency in the order of one microsecond per switch, and (iv) it uses a communication model based on a global memory to simplify programming.
Beta-adrenergic receptors of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1981)

125I-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol (IHYP) is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a ligand for the characterization of beta-adrenergic receptors in various cell preparations. Since IHYP may be adsorbed to surfaces such as test tubes and pipet tips, it is necessary to measure the actual free concentration of IHYP in the incubation solution. With this modification, the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in human peripheral PMNs can be determined with greater precision.
DrMP: Mixed Precision-Aware DRAM for High Performance Approximate and Precise Computing (2017)

Recent studies showed that DRAM restore time degrades as technology scales, which imposes large performance and energy overheads. This problem, prolonged restore time (PRT), has been identified by the DRAM industry as one of three major scaling challenges. This paper proposes DrMP, a novel fine-grained precision-aware DRAM restore scheduling approach, to mitigate PRT. The approach exploits process variations (PVs) within and across DRAM rows to save data with mixed precision. The paper describes three variants of the approach: DrMP-A, DrMP-P, and DrMP-U. DrMP-A supports approximate computing by mapping important data bits to fast row segments to reduce restore time for improved performance at a low application error rate. DrMP-P pairs memory rows together to reduce the average restore time for precise computing. DrMP-U combines DrMP-A and DrMP-P to better trade performance, energy consumption, and computation precision. Our experimental results show that, on average, DrMP achieves 20% performance improvement and 15% energy reduction over a precision-oblivious baseline. Further, DrMP achieves an error rate less than 1% at the application level for a suite of benchmarks, including applications that exhibit unacceptable error rates under simple approximation that does not differentiate the importance of different bits.
Representing Agent Contracts with Exceptions using XML Rules, Ontologies, and Process Descriptions. (2002)

SweetDeal is a rule-based approach to representation of business contracts that enables software agents to create, evaluate, negotiate, and execute contracts with substantial automation and modularity. It builds upon the situated courteous logic programs knowledge representation in RuleML, the emerging standard for Semantic Web XML rules. Here, we newly extend the SweetDeal approach by also incorporating process knowledge descriptions whose ontologies are represented in DAML+OIL, thereby enabling more complex contracts with behavioral provisions, especially for handling exception conditions (e.g., late delivery or non-payment) that might arise during the execution of the contract. This provides a foundation for representing and automating deals about services -- in particular, about Web Services, so as to help search, select, and compose them. Our system is also the first to combine emerging Semantic Web standards for knowledge representation of rules (RuleML) with ontologies (DAML+OIL) for a practical e-business application domain, and further to do so with process knowledge. A prototype is running. We intend to make the prototype publicly available.
On packet selection criteria for clock recovery (2009)

Many packet-based clock recovery algorithms use only a subset of timing packet arrivals to discipline the local oscillator. One commonly used selection process is to partition the time into non-overlapping windows and, for each window, select only the one that had the smallest network transit time. This process is a non-linear filter, developed mostly based on intuition and widely accepted by many researchers and developers without much formal analysis. In this paper, we analyze the output statistics of such a filter, provide a closed-form expression for some commonly observed packet delay profiles, and back the results with experimental data. We also point out some network scenarios where usage of the filter is not well justified.
Earth scientists plan a ‘geological Google’ (2019)

China is backing an international effort to meld geoscience databases into a one-stop data shop.
Improving the Spatial Resolution of EBSD (2005)

Extract HTML view is not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button. Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 31--August 4, 2005
Growth of the conchocelis phase of<i>Porphyra columbina</i>(Bangiales, Rhodophyta) at different temperatures and levels of light, nitrogen and phosphorus (1995)

SUMMARY Temperature, light, nitrogen and phosphorus all had significant effects on the growth of conchocelis colonies of Porphyra columbina Montagne when grown in vitro using a shell substrate. High rates of growth were recorded at 15°C and at 8°C under low light levels. These fight and temperature conditions are similar to those found in the subtidal environment of southern New Zealand coastlines. Little growth occured at 22°C. Nitrogen stimulated growth at concentrations far greater than are likely to be found in situ , while at concentrations of 120 μmol/L and above phosphorus had an inhibitory effect on growth, The culture parameters were strongly interactive in their effect on growth, in particular temperature and light. Conchosporangia formed in all treatments 14 days after alteration of the photoperiod to 10 h light: 14 h dark. Optimal conditions for culture of the conchocelis of P. columbina from southern New Zealand are a water temperature of approximately 15°C, light levels between 10 and 50 μmol m −2 s −1 and seawater nitrogen levels maintained above 100 μmol/L.
Continuous intramucosal PCO2 measurement allows the early detection of intestinal malperfusion (1998)

Compromised mesenteric blood flow causes significant metabolic and histologic changes. These local changes could not be detected by arterial or mixed venous lactate concentrations, pH, and PCO2 determinations. Under closed-system conditions, mesenteric CO2 accumulation causes an impairment of the CO2-HCO3- buffer, resulting in an unchanged cHCO3-. With impaired mesenteric perfusion, only intramucosal PCO2 alterations occur and an intramucosal pH calculation based on systemic cHCO3-changes is not necessarily correct. Therefore, the only parameter of importance is the intraluminal measurement of intramucosal PCO2 that can reflect isolated mesenteric changes. Thus, we recommended abolishing the terms "intramucosal pH measurement" and "gastric tonometry" and propose using the definition "intramucosal PCO2 measurement."
On-Line Profits - A Manager's Guide To Electronic Commerce (1998)

Electronic commerce - how fast, how soon? electronic commerce as a competitive necessity the components of electronic commerce electronic data interchange - a foundation block of the well-run business electronic money management - from seashells to gold to coins to bills to bits integrated business logistics the Internet and intranets reach - Tacp/Ip as the base for a new everything in telecommunications range - the genius of browsers ease of use - hypertext as point and go summary - internet-enabled electronic commerce the business management agenda.
4G protocol and architecture for BYOD over Cloud Computing (2015)

The Fourth Generation communication systems have speeds higher than those of 3G and have a more complicated architecture dedicated and defined for handling such voluminous data and to accommodate more users. The architecture also employs a specified protocol stack, software defined network along with their own security issues for wireless applications and remote access. In this paper we are trying to present the protocol stack for the 4G architecture and network, with particular applications directed towards BYOD and Cloud Computing (Virtual Networking).
A new homogeneous polymer support based on syndiotactic polystyrene and its application in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions (2009)

Soluble syndiotactic polystyrene-supported triphenylphosphine (sPS–TPP) was synthesized by reacting borylated syndiotactic polystyrene with (4-bromophenyl)diphenylphosphine. A palladium catalyst, supported on sPS–TPP, effectively catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl halides under homogeneous conditions. The polymer-supported palladium complex was recovered quantitatively by adding an equal volume of poor solvent to the polymer, and coupling products could be easily isolated by evaporating the solvents. The recovered polymer complex was reused several times without significant loss of activity.
A Nonlinear Optimization Procedure for Generalized Gaussian Quadratures (2010)

We present a new nonlinear optimization procedure for the computation of generalized Gaussian quadratures for a broad class of square integrable functions on intervals. While some of the components of this algorithm have been previously published, we present a simple and robust scheme for the determination of a sparse solution to an underdetermined nonlinear optimization problem which replaces the continuation scheme of the previously published works. The new algorithm successfully computes generalized Gaussian quadratures in a number of instances in which the previous algorithms fail. Four applications of our scheme to computational physics are presented: the construction of discrete plane wave expansions for the Helmholtz Green's function, the design of linear array antennae, the computation of a quadrature for the discretization of Laplace boundary integral equations on certain domains with corners, and the construction of quadratures for the discretization of Laplace and Helmholtz boundary integral equations on smooth surfaces.
Development of extended red (1.0- to 1.3-μm) image intensifiers (1995)

We present the development of extended near infrared based image intensifiers with InGaAs semiconductor and multi-alkali based photocathodes having 1.0-1.3 micrometers and 1.0-1.1 micrometers spectral sensitivities, respectively. For the InGaAs based image intensifiers, we study their material characteristics using transmission, photoluminescence, micro-Raman, and scanning Auger spectroscopies. Direct spectral comparison of the InGaAs image intensifiers are made to standard Generation II and III image intensifiers. Then we study the sealed NEA InGaAs image tube performance parameters such as spectral sensitivity, whitelight photoresponse, equivalent background illumination, signal-to-noise, modulation transfer function, and optical system-image intensifier field performance data. For the multi-alkali based image intensifiers, we present a direct spectral comparison of it to our NEA InGaAs and standard super Gen II image tubes. Finally, we examine the advancement of our near infrared devices into the 1.5-2.0 micrometers spectral regime.
A Novel Nanoscale Metal Transistor Fabricated by Conventional Photolithography (1999)

A novel nanoscale transistor, the metal/insulator tunnel transistor (MITT), which consists of a metal source/drain and an insulator channel, is fabricated by conventional photolithography, and its operation is experimentally verified. In the MITT, an insulator channel is sandwiched between the metal source and drain, and upon this insulator channel a gate insulator and a gate electrode are prepared. The Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling currents which flow through the metal/insulator tunnel junction are controlled by changing the gate voltage, through variation of the tunnel barrier thickness. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the MITT can be fabricated by much simpler processes than MOSFET and that the MITT can be operated by optimizing the MITT structure at room temperature. The results indicate the feasibility of using MITT as the future switching device in ultralarge-scale integrated circuits (ULSI).
Effect of urinary kallidinogenase on changes of serum C-reactive protein in patients with acute cerebral infarction (2013)

Objective To research the curative effect of urinary kallidinogenase on the changes of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Sixty cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into treatment group(treated with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection + cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection + aspirin + urinary kallidinogenase)and control group (treated with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection + cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection + aspirin),the changes of neural function and serum level of CRP were compared between the two groups.Results Total effective rate of the two groups were both significantly increased,but the treatment group was better than control group (P ＜ 0.01) ; Serum levels of CRP were reduced,and the treatment group Was significantly lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Urinary kallidinogenase could significantly improve symptoms and signs in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Key words: 
Acute cerebral infarction; Urinary kallidinogenase; C-reactive protein
The Challenges of Securing the Virtualized Environment (2012)

As virtualization has become more popular, concern over the technology's security has grown. Traditional security techniques often don't work well with virtualization, so vendors are trying different approaches.
The Man Question: Gender, Recklessness and Rage (2010)

In the post-New Order gender discourse there has been a much greater focus on men and masculinities, even if it is somewhat of a boutique industry. A number of factors might have led to the new level of interest. These include: an embattled and misogynistic response to the increasing social and economic emancipation of women; feelings of masculine disempowerment in the face of economic trends, such as the Asian economic crisis and, most recently, the global economic crisis; and a continuing renegotiation of nation, gender and hegemonic masculinities in the post-New Order period. There are suggestions that maskulinitas should be taken more into account. Indeed, with the increasing attention given to women and women's roles in Indonesia, there are also many indications that attention to the subject of men and masculine identity in Indonesia is increasingly relevant in a political sense.
Autistic and Dysphasic Children. II: Epilepsy (1991)

In a previously described population of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children, after exclusion of 12 autistic girls with Rett syndrome, 14% (42 of 302) of autistic children and 8% (19 of 237) of dysphasic children had epilepsy (P = .03). The major risk factors for epilepsy were severe mental deficiency and the combination of severe mental deficiency with a motor deficit. In autistic children without severe mental deficiency, motor deficit, associated perinatal or medical disorder, or a positive family history of epilepsy, epilepsy occurred in 6% (10 of 160) which was analogous to the 8% (14 of 168) found in similar dysphasic nonautistic children. The language subtype of verbal auditory agnosia is associated with the highest risk of epilepsy in autistic (41%, 7 of 17) and dysphasic (58%, 7 of 12) children. The higher percentage of epilepsy in autistic girls, 24% (18 of 74) compared with boys 11% (25 of 228) (P = .003), is attributed to the increased prevalence of cognitive and motor deficit in girls. Once the risk attributable to associated cognitive and motor disabilities is taken into account, there is no difference in the risk of epilepsy between autistic and nonautistic dysphasic children.
The <i>Arabidopsis AtNPR1</i> Inversely Modulates Defense Responses Against Fungal, Bacterial, or Viral Pathogens While Conferring Hypersensitivity to Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Rice (2008)

The nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (NPR1) protein plays an important role in mediating defense responses activated by pathogens in Arabidopsis. In rice, a disease-resistance pathway similar to the Arabidopsis NPR1-mediated signaling pathway one has been described. Here, we show that constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis NPR1 (AtNPR1) gene in rice confers resistance against fungal and bacterial pathogens. AtNPR1 exerts its protective effects against fungal pathogens by priming the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-responsive endogenous genes, such as the PR1b, TLP (PR5), PR10, and PBZ1. However, expression of AtNPR1 in rice has negative effects on viral infections. The AtNPR1-expressing rice plants showed a higher susceptibility to infection by the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) which correlated well with a misregulation of RYMV-responsive genes, including expression of the SA-regulated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 gene (OsRDR1). Moreover, AtNPR1 negatively regulates the expression of genes playing a role in the plant response to salt and drought stress (rab21, salT, and dip1), which results in a higher sensitivity of AtNPR1 rice to the two types of abiotic stress. These observations suggest that AtNPR1 has both positive and negative regulatory roles in mediating defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses.
Reactive astrocytes promote the metastatic growth of breast cancer stem‐like cells by activating Notch signalling in brain (2013)

Brain metastasis of breast cancer profoundly affects the cognitive and sensory functions as well as morbidity of patients, and the 1 year survival rate among these patients remains less than 20%. However, the pathological mechanism of brain metastasis is as yet poorly understood. In this report, we found that metastatic breast tumour cells in the brain highly expressed IL-1β which then 'activated' surrounding astrocytes. This activation significantly augmented the expression of JAG1 in the astrocytes, and the direct interaction of the reactivated astrocytes and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) significantly stimulated Notch signalling in CSCs. We also found that the activated Notch signalling in CSCs up-regulated HES5 followed by promoting self-renewal of CSCs. Furthermore, we have shown that the blood-brain barrier permeable Notch inhibitor, Compound E, can significantly suppress the brain metastasis in vivo. These results represent a novel paradigm for the understanding of how metastatic breast CSCs re-establish their niche for their self-renewal in a totally different microenvironment, which opens a new avenue to identify a novel and specific target for the brain metastatic disease.