gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stream fusion (2007)

This paper presents an automatic deforestation system, stream fusion, based on equational transformations, that fuses a wider range of functions than existing short-cut fusion systems. In particular, stream fusion is able to fuse zips, left folds and functions over nested lists, including list comprehensions. A distinguishing feature of the framework is its simplicity: by transforming list functions to expose their structure, intermediate values are eliminated by general purpose compiler optimisations.We have reimplemented the Haskell standard List library on top of our framework, providing stream fusion for Haskell lists. By allowing a wider range of functions to fuse, we see an increase in the number of occurrences of fusion in typical Haskell programs. We present benchmarks documenting time and space improvements.
Translational Control of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Storage by eIF2α (2006)

Both long-lasting changes in synaptic function and long-term memory require gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms by which gene expression is turned on are not fully understood. In this review, we highlight the role of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2alpha) signalling pathway in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory.
A Survey of Simple Geometric Primitives Detection Methods for Captured 3D Data (2018)

Abstract The amount of captured 3D data is continuously increasing, with the democratization of consumer depth cameras, the development of modern multi‐view stereo capture setups and the rise of single‐view 3D capture based on machine learning. The analysis and representation of this ever growing volume of 3D data, often corrupted with acquisition noise and reconstruction artefacts, is a serious challenge at the frontier between computer graphics and computer vision. To that end, segmentation and optimization are crucial analysis components of the shape abstraction process, which can themselves be greatly simplified when performed on lightened geometric formats. In this survey, we review the algorithms which extract simple geometric primitives from raw dense 3D data. After giving an introduction to these techniques, from the acquisition modality to the underlying theoretical concepts, we propose an application‐oriented characterization, designed to help select an appropriate method based on one's application needs and compare recent approaches. We conclude by giving hints for how to evaluate these methods and a set of research challenges to be explored.
Analysis of least congested path routing in WDM lightwave networks (2002)

Analyzes an adaptive routing rule in a WDM lightwave network. Each switching node in the network may have a number of wavelength converters which can be used to resolve wavelength conflicts in multi-hop paths. The authors found that without any wavelength converters, the wavelength conflict possesses an inherent blocking to alternate route traffic and that the use of wavelength converter to resolve wavelength conflicts does not give any significant reduction of blocking probability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell based ultra high vacuum scanning probe microscope with an external scanning unit having gas or liquid processing capabilities (2008)

A scanning probe microscope (SPM), providing an ultra high vacuum (UHV), gas or liquid environment, is presented. It is intended for nanoscale processing and surface research, such as electron controlled chemical lithography (ECCL). The SPM device is mounted on the preparation chamber of a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) UHV system. Tips and samples can be transferred under vacuum, to and from a small-volume UHV compatible SPM cell which has electrical feedthroughs and gas/liquid inlets and is closable from the MBE system. The air-side of the SPM cell is deformable with three (x,y,z) external piezoelectric actuators, controlling the tip-sample distance, and the (x,y) scanning. Piezoelectric actuators, capacitive displacement sensors and coarse-approach unit are all in a single scanning-unit in air, which is removed for the vacuum system bakeout procedure. Characterization measurements are presented of imaging capabilities in atomic resolution.
Growth and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in lambs grazing either lucerne (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) or sulla (<i>Hedysarum coronarium</i>) which contains condensed tannins (1995)

SUMMARY Two grazing experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of sulla ( Hedysarum coronarium ) which contains condensed tannins (CT) and lucerne ( Medicago sativa ), which does not contain CT, on the performance of parasitized and non-parasitized lambs. The work was carried out near Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1992 and 1993. Experiment 1 used lambs which were either genetically ‘conventional’ or ‘resistant’ to gastrointestinal nematodes and which had a naturally acquired heavy parasite burden (faecal egg count (FEC) 1300–2500 eggs per gram faeces (epg)). They were either drenched to remove all the parasites or remained undrenched when allocated to pure swards of either sulla or lucerne for the 28-day experimental period. Liveweight gains of drenched lambs were higher with sulla (mean 302 g/day) than with lucerne (mean 245 g/day; P < 0·02) and rates of gain were not reduced ( P = 0·10) by genetic resistance to nematodes. Undrenched lambs had mean faecal egg counts of 1090–2220 epg after 28 days, with higher counts in lambs grazing lucerne than in those grazing sulla ( P < 0·05). Lambs grazing lucerne also had a much lower average daily gain (ADG) (mean 50 g/day) than those grazing sulla (mean 206 g/day; P < 0·0001). Resistant lambs had reduced ( P = 0·07) ADG in the sulla treatment only. In Expt 2, lambs with a relatively low worm burden (average FEC 250 epg) were either drenched to remove all worms or dosed with 20 000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae and grazed on pure sulla or lucerne swards for 42 days. Drenched lambs had a similar liveweight gain (mean 190 g/day) and wool growth when grazing either sulla or lucerne. Undrenched lambs grazing sulla had a greater ADG (mean 129 g/day) than those grazing lucerne (mean −39 g/day; P < 0·0001) and a higher rate of wool growth from mid-side patches ( P < 0·009) and larger wool fibre diameter ( P < 0·05) than those grazing lucerne. Undrenched lambs grazing sulla had lower FECs ( P < 0·05) on days 14, 21, 35 and 42 than those grazing lucerne and lower ( P < 0·05) Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm burdens at slaughter. Undrenched lambs had less perineal faecal contamination when grazing sulla rather than lucerne. Parasite-induced anorexia was evident in the lambs grazing lucerne but not in those grazing sulla. These findings demonstrate that the performance of lambs infected with nematode parasites can vary substantially when given feeds of a similar chemical composition. The superior performance of lambs grazing sulla was probably caused by condensed tannins, which decrease protein degradation in the rumen and can increase post-ruminal protein availability.
Synthesis and Moessbauer and vibrational spectra of some new tin(IV)-fluorine compounds (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Moessbauer and vibrational spectra of some new tin(IV)-fluorine compoundsL. E. Levchuk, J. R. Sams, and F. AubkeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 1, 43–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50107a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50107a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inkjet printing - the physics of manipulating liquid jets and drops (2008)

Over the last 30 years inkjet printing technology has been developed for many applications including: product date codes, mailing shots, desktop printing, large-area graphics and, most recently, the direct writing of materials to form electronic, biological, polymeric and metallic devices. The new non-graphical applications require higher print rates, better resolution and higher reliability while printing more complex, non-Newtonian and heavily solids-loaded liquids. This makes the understanding of the physics involved in the precise manipulation of liquid jets and drops ever more important. The proper understanding and control of jet formation and subsequent motion of the jetted materials requires physical studies into material properties at very high shear rates, acoustic modes in print heads, instabilities of jets, drop formation, drop motion, stretching of fluid ligaments, the role of polymers in jet break up, electrical charging of drops and the aerodynamic and electrostatic interaction of jets and drops in flight. Techniques for observation, measurement and analysis are evolving to assist these studies. This paper presents some examples of the application of physics to understanding and implementing inkjet printing, including recent work at the Cambridge Inkjet Research Centre.
Immunising children a practical guideImmunishing children a practical guide Mayon-White A Richard Moreton Judith Radcliffe medical press ltd £9.95, 78pps1 85775 154185775154 (1997)

The authors, a consultant in communicable disease control and a health visitor district Immunisation co-ordinator, describe this book as an update to immunising children published in 1989 and as a practical guide for parents and professionals alike.
Differential protein expression analysis using stable isotope labeling and PQD linear ion trap MS technology (2009)

An isotope tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for differential protein expression profiling in complex cellular extracts. The estrogen positive MCF-7 cell line, cultured in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (Tam), was used as a model system. MS analysis was performed with a linear trap quadrupole (LTQ) instrument operated by using pulsed Q dissociation (PQD) detection. Optimization experiments were conducted to maximize the iTRAQ labeling efficiency and the number of quantified proteins. MS data filtering criteria were chosen to result in a false positive identification rate of <4%. The reproducibility of protein identifications was approximately 60%-67% between duplicate, and approximately 50% among triplicate LC-MS/MS runs, respectively. The run-to-run reproducibility, in terms of relative standard deviations (RSD) of global mean iTRAQ ratios, was better than 10%. The quantitation accuracy improved with the number of peptides used for protein identification. From a total of 530 identified proteins (P < 0.001) in the E2/Tam treated MCF-7 cells, a list of 255 proteins (quantified by at least two peptides) was generated for differential expression analysis. A method was developed for the selection, normalization, and statistical evaluation of such datasets. An approximate approximately 2-fold change in protein expression levels was necessary for a protein to be selected as a biomarker candidate. According to this data processing strategy, approximately 16 proteins involved in biological processes such as apoptosis, RNA processing/metabolism, DNA replication/transcription/repair, cell proliferation and metastasis, were found to be up- or down-regulated.
Recombination in the B chromosome of maize to produce A-B-A chromosomes. (1990)

The translocations between the supernumerary B chromosomes and the normal A chromosomes of maize provide a valuable tool for gene localizations, dosage studies and characterization of mutants as null, leaky or gain-of-function. A procedure is described, that relies on recombination in the B chromosome, for marking each of the various B-A translocations with a single dominant marker that will allow dosage classifications of individuals at the mature kernel stage. This marker is R-scm3, which conditions anthocyanin pigment in the aleurone of the endosperm and the scutellum of the embryo. A test for recombination in the B chromosome was conducted by crossing together two translocations, that were broken on opposite sides of the B centromere, and in different A chromosome arms, namely TB-1La and TB-10L18. An example was recovered that linked genetic markers on 1L and 10L to the B centromere. Cytological examination at pachytene of meiosis confirmed the new chromosomal linkage. The use of this procedure to produce a comprehensive set of uniformly marked B-A translocations is discussed.
Pharmaceutical Excipients: A review (2012)

Excipients play an important role in formulating a dosage form. These are the ingredients which along with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients make up the dosage forms. Excipients act as protective agents, bulking agents and can also be used to improve bioavailability of drugs in some instances, the following review discusses the various types and sources of excipients along with their uses, and these can be used for different activities. Specific excipients are best suited for a particular dosage form; the selection criterion for excipients and various interactions that an excipient can undergo during its course of stay in formulation has been discussed in this review. Some excipient interactions can be detrimental and need to be avoided. This has been detailed out in the interaction section. Excipients as like other active pharmaceutical ingredients need to be stabilized and standardized; the following review gives brief information about standardization and stabilization process alongwith the safety evaluation parameters of the excipients.
Immunodetection of Glycosylated NT-proBNP Circulating in Human Blood (2008)

The central part of endogenous NT-proBNP is glycosylated, making it almost "invisible" for the antibodies specific to the mid-fragment of the molecule. Thus sandwich assays using even one antibody (poly- or monoclonal) specific to the central part of the molecule could underestimate the real concentration of endogenous NT-proBNP. MAbs specific to the N- and C-terminal parts of NT-proBNP (epitopes 13-24 and 63-76) are the best candidates to be used in an assay for optimal NT-proBNP immunodetection.
Query-based debugging of object-oriented programs (1997)

Object relationships in modem software systems are becoming increasingly numerous and complex. Programmers who try to find violations of such relationships need new tools that allow them to explore objects in a large system more efficiently. Many existing debuggers present only a low-level, one-object-at-a-time view of objects and their relationships. We propose a new solution to overcome these problems: query-based debugging. The implementation of the query-based debugger described here offers programmers an effective query tool that allows efficient searching of large object spaces and quick verification of complex relationships. Even for programs that have large numbers of objects, the debugger achieves interactive response times for common queries by using a combination of fast searching primitives, query optimization, and incremental result delivery.
Generative Models of Cortical Oscillations: Neurobiological Implications of the Kuramoto Model (2010)

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing fluctuating oscillations in large-scale cortical circuits is a crucial prelude to a proper knowledge of their role in both adaptive and pathological cortical processes. Neuroscience research in this area has much to gain from understanding the Kuramoto model, a mathematical model that speaks to the very nature of coupled oscillating processes, and which has elucidated the core mechanisms of a range of biological and physical phenomena. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to the Kuramoto model in its original, rather abstract, form and then focus on modifications that increase its neurobiological plausibility by incorporating topological properties of local cortical connectivity. The extended model elicits elaborate spatial patterns of synchronous oscillations that exhibit persistent dynamical instabilities reminiscent of cortical activity. We review how the Kuramoto model may be recast from an ordinary differential equation to a population level description using the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. We argue that such formulations are able to provide a mechanistic and unifying explanation of oscillatory phenomena in the human cortex, such as fluctuating beta oscillations, and their relationship to basic computational processes including multistability, criticality, and information capacity.
The Research on Legal Regulation about the Risk of Electronic Contract Error (2018)

Recently, there are ongoing legal issues about the electronic contract mistake. Due to the lack of relative law, it is difficult for judges to make the decision. According to the current legal practice around the world, judges are prone to change the traditional way to make the decision. They require enterprises to take the responsibility caused by the electronic contract mistake. This paper will discuss how to manage the risk of electronic contract mistake under the theory of risk management. In the first part we will discuss why we should use the theory of risk management to discuss this problem. In the second part, we will discuss the loophole in the current management of electronic contract. In the third part, we will discuss how to use the theory of risk management to manage the risk of electronic contract mistake.
Opportunities and challenges in application-tuned circuits and architectures based on nanodevices (2004)

Nanoelectronics research has primarily focused on devices. By contrast, not much has been published on innovations at higher layers: we know little about how to construct circuits or architectures out of such devices. In this paper, we focus on the currently most promising nanodevice technologies, such as arrays of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) and arrays of crossed carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In contrast to general-purpose programmable fabrics (such as PLAs), we investigate nano-fabrics that, while also programmable and hierarchical, are more tuned towards an application domain (in this sense they resemble ASIC). Our goal is to achieve denser designs with better fabric utilization, efficient cascading of circuits, and routing of signals. We demonstrate detailed designs of several circuits and processor data-paths, and highlight associated challenges and opportunities for optimization.
Potentiation of serum response factor activity by a family of myocardin-related transcription factors (2002)

Myocardin is a SAP (SAF-A/B, Acinus, PIAS) domain transcription factor that associates with serum response factor (SRF) to potently enhance SRF-dependent transcription. Here we describe two myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs), A and B, that also interact with SRF and stimulate its transcriptional activity. Whereas myocardin is expressed specifically in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, MRTF-A and -B are expressed in numerous embryonic and adult tissues. In SRF-deficient embryonic stem cells, myocardin and MRTFs are unable to activate SRF-dependent reporter genes, confirming their dependence on SRF. Myocardin and MRTFs comprise a previously uncharacterized family of SRF cofactors with the potential to modulate SRF target genes in a wide range of tissues.
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Stroke Prevention and Other Disorders (2018)

troke is the fifth-most common cause of death and the leading cause of preventable adult disability in the United States. 1 In 2013, there were 6.5 million stroke-related deaths worldwide accounting for 11.8% of total deaths. 2Strokes cost $34 billion each year in the United States. 1 This estimate includes the cost of health care, medications, and missed workdays.Cryptogenic stroke is defined as brain infarction that is not attributed to definite large-vessel atherosclerosis, small-artery disease, or embolism despite extensive vascular, serological, and cardiac evaluation. 3Approximately one-third of all ischemic strokes are considered cryptogenic. 4The causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cryptogenic stroke has historically been controversial.Approximately 25% of the adult population has a PFO, and the condition by itself has not been shown to increase the risk of ischemic stroke. 5,6Yet, the prevalence of PFO is significantly higher in patients with cryptogenic stroke; up to 40% of ischemic strokes without an identifiable cause have a PFO. 7 This suggests that paradoxical embolism through a PFO may be implicated in a proportion of cryptogenic strokes.The association of PFO with stroke was first described in 1877 by Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, a German pathologist and prot eg e of Virchow.He performed a necropsy on a 35-yearold woman who had a fatal stroke and found a long thrombus in the lower extremity and as well as a "very large" foramen ovale, through which he could pass 3 fingers with ease.Cohnheim then hypothesized that a torn-off piece of thrombus arising from the lower extremity traveled to the right atrium into the left atrium and to the frontal lobe.
The Dissociation Constant of Cresol Red in Sea Water (1935)

The Dissociation Constant of Cresol Red in Sea Water Get access Philip H. Mitchell, Philip H. Mitchell the Biological Laboratory of Brown University, Providence, R. I., and the Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ivon R. Taylor Ivon R. Taylor the Biological Laboratory of Brown University, Providence, R. I., and the Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 10, Issue 2, August 1935, Pages 169–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/10.2.169 Published: 01 August 1935
A new THz passive radial polarizer (2008)

A new THz radial polarizer suitable to convert the usual linearly polarized signal from a millimeter or sub-millimeter source is described. It is based on mode-filtering within a cylindrical waveguide combined with two tapers and a discontinuous phase element. An experimental demonstration is given at ap 100 GHz and transposition to higher THz frequencies by scaling is straightforward.