gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Road to Immersive Communication (2012)

Communication has seen enormous advances over the past 100 years including radio, television, mobile phones, video conferencing, and Internet-based voice and video calling. Still, remote communication remains less natural and more fatiguing than face-to-face. The vision of immersive communication is to enable natural experiences and interactions with remote people and environments in ways that suspend disbelief in being there. This paper briefly describes the current state-of-the-art of immersive communication, provides a vision of the future and the associated benefits, and considers the technical challenges in achieving that vision. The attributes of immersive communication are described, together with the frontiers of video and audio for achieving them. We emphasize that the success of these systems must be judged by their impact on the people who use them. Recent high-quality video conferencing systems are beginning to deliver a natural experience-when all participants are in custom-designed studios. Ongoing research aims to extend the experience to a broader range of environments. Augmented reality has the potential to make remote communication even better than being physically present. Future natural and effective immersive experiences will be created by drawing upon intertwined research areas including multimedia signal processing, computer vision, graphics, networking, sensors, displays and sound reproduction systems, haptics, and perceptual modeling and psychophysics.
Application of a Practical Biocatalytic Reduction to an Enantioselective Synthesis of the 5H-2,3-Benzodiazepine LY300164 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of a Practical Biocatalytic Reduction to an Enantioselective Synthesis of the 5H-2,3-Benzodiazepine LY300164Benjamin A. Anderson, Marvin M. Hansen, Allen R. Harkness, Cynthia L. Henry, Jeffrey T. Vicenzi, and Milton J. ZmijewskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 49, 12358–12359Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00154a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00154a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views689Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Validation of Pharmaceutical Potency Determinations by Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (2010)

With the changing development paradigms in the pharmaceutical industry, laboratories are challenged to release materials for clinical studies with rapid turnaround times. To minimize cost demands, many businesses are looking to develop ways of using early Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) materials of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicology studies. To make this happen, the analytical laboratory releases the material by one of three scenarios: (1) holding the GLP release until full GMP testing is ready, (2) issuing a separate lot number for a portion of the GMP material and releasing the material for GLP use, or (3) releasing the lot of material for GLP using alternate (equivalent) method(s) not specified for GMP release testing. Many companies are finding the third scenario to be advantageous in terms of cost and efficiency through the use of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (q-NMR). The use of q-NMR has proved to be a single-point replacement for routine early development testing that previously combined elements of identity testing, chromatographic assay, moisture analysis, residual solvent analysis, and elemental analysis. This study highlights that q-NMR can be validated to meet current regulatory analytical method guidelines for routine pharmaceutical analysis.
Identity Management In Virtual Worlds Based On Biometrics Watermarking (2016)

With the technological development and rise of virtual worlds, these spaces are becoming more and more attractive for cybercriminals, hidden behind avatars and fictitious identities. Since access to these spaces is not restricted or controlled, some impostors take advantage of gaining unauthorized access and practicing cyber criminality. This paper proposes an identity management approach for securing access to virtual worlds. The major purpose of the suggested solution is to install a strong security mechanism to protect virtual identities represented by avatars. Thus, only legitimate users, through their corresponding avatars, are allowed to access the platform resources. Access is controlled by integrating an authentication process based on biometrics. In the request process for registration, a user fingerprint is enrolled and then encrypted into a watermark utilizing a cancelable and non-invertible algorithm for its protection. After a user personalizes their representative character, the biometric mark is embedded into the avatar through a watermarking procedure. The authenticity of the avatar identity is verified when it requests authorization for access. We have evaluated the proposed approach on a dataset of avatars from various virtual worlds, and we have registered promising performance results in terms of authentication accuracy, acceptation and rejection rates.
Cycle count accurate memory modeling in system level design (2009)

In this paper, we propose an effective automatic generation approach for a Cycle-Count Accurate Memory Model (CCAMM) from the Clocked Finite State Machine (CFSM) of the Cycle Accurate Memory Model (CAMM). Since memory accesses are gradually dominating system activities, a correct and efficient memory timing model is essential to system-level simulation. In general, a CCAMM provides sufficient timing accuracy with low simulation overhead, and hence is preferred over the Simple Fixed Delay Model (SFDM), which has low accuracy, or the CAMM, which has low performance. Our proposed approach can systematically generate the CCAMM and guarantee correctness. The experimental results show that the generated model is as accurate as the Register Transfer Level (RTL) model while running 100X faster.
An Insight into Early Reproductive Processes through the<i>in Vivo</i>Model of Ovum Donation (1991)

To gain insight into early reproductive processes we have prospectively designed ovum donation protocols to elucidate several phenomena relating to embryo implantation and pregnancy sustenance. Artificial endometrial cycles with variable follicular phases were induced in 60 recipients by sequential estrogen and progesterone. A total of 964 oocytes were retrieved throughout 43 ovum donation attempts, for an average of 22.4 (range, 16–41) eggs/retrieval. The overall delivery rate per egg retrieval (donors and recipients combined) was 72.1% (31 of 43). The shortest estrogen stimulation (short follicular phase) resulting in ongoing pregnancies was 5 days in duration, while the longest (long follicular phase) was 35 days in duration before progesterone initiation. Utilization of variable length follicular phases, artificially extended the stage of endometrial receptivity to over 4 weeks. To assess the window of implantation, same age embryos were transferred onto endometrium of different maturational stages. Pregnancies were documented with embryo transfers between luteal day 1 (day 15) to luteal day 6 (day 20), extending the window of implantation in the human to at least 6 consecutive days. To evaluate the relative contribution of oocyte quality and endometrial receptivity to pregnancy outcome, common source ova were transferred onto endometrium with variable hormonal exposure. Despite the drastically different follicular ph ase estradiol levels and periods of exposure, similar delivery rates were attained in donor cycles (29.4%) and recipient cycles curing short follicular phases (29.6%). Slightly higher delivery rates (39.4%) were observed with long follicular phases. The comparable pregnancy rates in donors and recipients are attributed to the common source oocytes regardless of endometrial stimulation.
Genetic Disruption of the Multifunctional CD98/LAT1 Complex Demonstrates the Key Role of Essential Amino Acid Transport in the Control of mTORC1 and Tumor Growth (2016)

The CD98/LAT1 complex is overexpressed in aggressive human cancers and is thereby described as a potential therapeutic target. This complex promotes tumorigenesis with CD98 (4F2hc) engaging β-integrin signaling while LAT1 (SLC7A5) imports essential amino acids (EAA) and promotes mTORC1 activity. However, it is unclear as to which member of the heterodimer carries the most prevalent protumoral action. To answer this question, we explored the tumoral potential of each member by gene disruption of CD98, LAT1, or both and by inhibition of LAT1 with the selective inhibitor (JPH203) in six human cancer cell lines from colon, lung, and kidney. Each knockout respectively ablated 90% (CD98 KO: ) and 100% (LAT1 KO: ) of Na(+)-independent leucine transport activity. LAT1 KO: or JPH203-treated cells presented an amino acid stress response with ATF4, GCN2 activation, mTORC1 inhibition, and severe in vitro and in vivo tumor growth arrest. We show that this severe growth phenotype is independent of the level of expression of CD98 in the six tumor cell lines. Surprisingly, CD98 KO: cells with only 10% EAA transport activity displayed a normal growth phenotype, with mTORC1 activity and tumor growth rate undistinguishable from wild-type cells. However, CD98 KO: cells became extremely sensitive to inhibition or genetic disruption of LAT1 (CD98 KO: /LAT1 KO: ). This finding demonstrates that the tumoral potential of CD98 KO: cells is due to residual LAT1 transport activity. Therefore, these findings clearly establish that LAT1 transport activity is the key growth-limiting step of the heterodimer and advocate the pharmacology development of LAT1 transporter inhibitors as a very promising anticancer target. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4481-92. ©2016 AACR.
Memantine protects rat cortical cultured neurons against β‐amyloid‐induced toxicity by attenuating tau phosphorylation (2008)

It has been suggested that accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide triggers neurodegeneration, at least in part, via glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. This is supported by observations that toxicity induced by Abeta peptide in cultured neurons and in adult rat brain is known to be mediated by activation of glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Additionally, recent clinical studies have shown that memantine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, can significantly improve cognitive functions in some AD patients. However, very little is currently known about the potential role of memantine against Abeta-induced toxicity. In the present study, we have shown that Abeta(1-42)-induced toxicity in rat primary cortical cultured neurons is accompanied by increased extracellular and decreased intracellular glutamate levels. We subsequently demonstrated that Abeta toxicity is induced by increased phosphorylation of tau protein and activation of tau kinases, i.e. glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2. Additionally, Abeta treatment induced cleavage of caspase-3 and decreased phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein, which are critical in determining survival of neurons. Memantine treatment significantly protected cultured neurons against Abeta-induced toxicity by attenuating tau-phosphorylation and its associated signaling mechanisms. However, this drug did not alter either conformation or internalization of Abeta(1-42) and it was unable to attenuate Abeta-induced potentiation of extracellular glutamate levels. These results, taken together, provide new insights into the possible neuroprotective action of memantine in AD pathology.
ARIES-RRH: restricted repeating of history in the ARIES transaction recovery method (2002)

A method called ARIES-RRH (algorithm for recovery and isolation exploiting semantics with restricted repeating of history) is presented which is a modified version of the ARIES transaction recovery and concurrency control method implemented to varying degrees in Starburst, QuickSilver, the OS/2 Extended Edition Database Manager, DB2 V2, Workstation Data Save Facility/VM and the Gamma database machine. The repeating history paradigm of ARIES is analyzed to propose a more efficient handling of redos, especially when the smallest granularity of locking is not less than a page, by combining the paradigm of selective redo from DB2 V1. Even with fine-granularity locking, it is not always the case that all the unapplied but logged changes needed to be redone. ARIES-RRH, which incorporates these changes, still retains all the good properties of ARIES-avoiding undo of undos, single-pass media recovery, nested top actions, etc. The fundamentals behind why DB2 V1's selective redo works, in spite of failures during restart recovery, are also explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coprophagy in iron-deficient rats: II. 2 novel methods of prevention (1984)

2 novel methods of coprophagy prevention were used in iron-deficient rats to measure their effect on haemoglobin regeneration during the feeding of ferrous sulphate or several soya proteins. Neck collars produced considerable weight loss and depression in food intake compared to aluminium anal cups which were tolerated well. Both methods of coprophagy prevention reduced iron availability from a range of soya proteins and ferrous sulphate and it is suggested that the practice of coprophagy in iron-deficient and possibly iron-replete rats may overestimate iron (and possibly other mineral) absorption (retention) studies.
Kinetics parameters studies of Co-Fe-B Deposits using multiple regression (2006)

A mathematics model based on multiple linear regression (MLR) for the deposition rate of the electroless Co-Fe-B thin film was established. The plating rate of electroless Co-Fe-B deposits is a function of concentration of sodium tetrahydroborate, pH of the plating bath, plating temperature and the metallic ratio. The correlation of deposition rate and the solution concentration and pH value shown in experimental data was described by residual variance S. The estimated regression coefficient b/sub 0-3/, confidence interval, residual error r and confidence interval r/sub int/ were ascertained by computer program. The best kinetics equation of deposition rate was derived. The optimal composition of the plating bath was obtained according to experimental results and reaction kinetics equation. In this paper, all kinds of complexing agent and linear regression analysis ware adopted so as to optimize experimental project. Meanwhile, the optimal composition of the plating solution and operating conditions ware obtained, and Co-Fe-B alloy thin film of good quality was fully produced.
Radiation‐induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene (1969)

Abstract Studies have been made of the γ‐induced emulsion polymerization of styrene and comparisons made with chemically initiated emulsion polymerization. The polymerization proceeded smoothly to high conversions at 0 and 60°C, the reaction showing a high G (monomer) value. Complete conversions were obtained with total doses of less than 0.05 Mrad. In accordance with the behavior expected of systems having a constant rate of initiation, the molecular weight was found to decrease with decreasing temperature. The molecular weight and particle size distributions were narrower than those obtained in chemically initiated emulsion polymerizations at the same temperature. The radiation‐induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate proceeded smoothly at temperatures in the range 0–50°C to give polymers of much higher molecular weight than these obtained from chemically initiated polymerizations at the same temperature. Complete conversion was attained after a dose of 0.02 Mrad for latices approaching 50% solids. The elimination of ionic endgroups in the poly(vinyl acetate) radicals tends to drive the polymerization from the aqueous phase, resulting in faster rates and higher molecular weights than are obtained from chemically initiated systems. Rates of polymerization were found to be independent of temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer to be independent of dose rate. Latices of poly(vinyl acetate) of high solids content were evaluated for latex and film properties and found to have improvements over commercially available samples in both areas, especially in clarity of film and scrub resistance. A number of acrylate and maleate esters were copolymerized with vinyl acetate in a radiation‐initiated emulsion system. High molecular weight copolymers were produced after low dose.
Genetics and cystic fibrosis: a focus on carrier testing. (1996)

Identification of mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene makes it possible to offer carrier testing for family members of people with CF. However, this may also be used for more controversial purposes such as the carrier testing of minors, inclusion of CF testing in newborn screening, and screening for the CF gene in adults in the general public. Pediatric nurses provide information, advocacy, referral, and psychosocial support for people who want to learn more about the genetic aspects of cystic fibrosis.
Mono-glass for providing distance information for people losing sight in one eye (2012)

We propose mono-glass for providing distance information for people losing sight in one eye. We implemented a pilot system of mono-glass under careful consideration of precision, real-time processing and intuitive presentation. The loss of sight in one eye disables binocular disparity processing and makes short-range activities difficult. The proposed mono-glass is a wearable device with two cameras and one display. The two cameras capture the images on behalf of user's eyes. Depth information is then reconstructed from the captured images and visualized with defocusing for the healthy eye. Experimental results supported that our system could represent depth information in single-channel images.
Eccentric-core glass optical waveguide (1974)

A new form of glass fiber is investigated. The core of the fiber is eccentrically positioned and contacts only a very small part of the inner surface of the outer tube with a lower index of refraction than that of the core. The total loss measured was 10 dB/km at a 0.80-μm wavelength and the pulse broadening measured on a 55-m section was 0.11 ns, which is much smaller than the value expected for the unclad fiber. Thus, it is shown that the part making contact between the core and tube dominates the transmission characteristics.
An ultra-wideband CMOS low noise amplifier for 3-5-GHz UWB system (2005)

An ultra-wideband (UWB) CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) topology that combines a narrowband LNA with a resistive shunt-feedback is proposed. The resistive shunt-feedback provides wideband input matching with small noise figure (NF) degradation by reducing the Q-factor of the narrowband LNA input and flattens the passband gain. The proposed UWB amplifier is implemented in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology for a 3.1-5-GHz UWB system. Measurements show a -3-dB gain bandwidth of 2-4.6GHz, a minimum NF of 2.3 dB, a power gain of 9.8 dB, better than -9 dB of input matching, and an input IP3 of -7dBm, while consuming only 12.6 mW of power.
Asymptomatic colitis induced by low-dose methotrexate (2016)

A woman aged 77 years with a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented with inflammatory colitis confined to her rectum, which was incidentally found by a screening colonoscopy. Histopathological examination of colonic biopsies showed non-specific inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes, the cause of which was unknown. She had been diagnosed with RA 5 years before, and she was receiving methotrexate 6 mg weekly, to which tocilizumab had been added 4 years earlier, which achieved stable control of her disease. She had no gastrointestinal symptoms or other health problems. Tocilizumab-induced colitis was considered likely, and the drug was discontinued. Metronidazole was also prescribed because of possible Clostridium difficile-associated colitis. 3 months later, a repeat colonoscopy showed no improvement of the colitis. The methotrexate was also discontinued, and folinic acid was prescribed daily for 2 weeks, leading to complete resolution of the colitis observed at repeat colonoscopy.
Effect of Retinoic Acid on Proliferation and Polyamine Metabolism in Cultured Bovine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (1998)

Reports regarding the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on the cell growth of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) have been contradictory. The aims of this study are to clarify the in vitro effect of RA on RPE cells and to examine polyamine metabolism after RA stimulation. A 4-day incubation of fetal-calf-serum (FCS)-stimulated RPE cells with 10 or 25 microM RA significantly increased both cell number and [3H]thymidine incorporation. RPE cells grown over an extended period for 8 days also increased in number and reached full confluency. However, if the incubation was further extended to 12 days, no further increase in cell number was detected. RA treatment of FCS-stimulated RPE cells shifted the peak of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity from 16 to 4 h. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activity and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT) activity of RA-treated RPE cells were significantly greater until 8 and 16 h after incubation, respectively. The putrescine content was significantly increased in RA-treated RPE cells up until 24 h, while spermidine, spermine and N1-acetylspermidine contents were significantly increased until 16 h. Our findings suggest that RA treatment increases the intracellular polyamine concentration of RPE cells via activation of ODC, SAMDC and SAT and that this results in the promotion of RPE cell growth until the cells reach full confluency.
A method for determination of frequency-dependent effective scatterer number density (1994)

Previous researchers have shown that for low scatterer concentrations, the scatterer number density in an ultrasound pulse-echo experiment can be obtained from ratios of the fourth to the second moment of the backscattered signal. In this paper a new method is presented for determining an effective scatterer number density, which is the actual number density multiplied by a frequency-dependent factor that depends on the differential scattering cross sections of all scatterers. The method of data reduction goes beyond the work of previous authors in that, in addition to accounting for the possibility that different sets of scatterers may dominate the echo signal at different frequencies, it also explicitly retains both the temporal nature of the data acquisition and the properties of the ultrasound field in the data reduction. Tests of the method in phantoms yielded good agreement between measured values of the effective scatterer number density and number densities calculated using first principles.