gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Assessment of Vasoreactivity Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound and Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Subjects (1994)

Blood flow velocities in both middle cerebral arteries and regional cerebral blood flow in their perfusion territories were measured simultaneously in 36 healthy subjects. In 20 subjects, the measurements were first performed under basal conditions and then repeated 15-20 min after an intravenous injection of 1 g of acetazolamide. Reproducibility of simultaneous blood flow and velocity measurements was tested by examining 16 subjects on two occasions under basal conditions with an interval of 20 min. Relatively good reproducibility was found for repeated measurements of velocity and blood flow, being best when side-to-side asymmetry was assessed. The increase in blood flow velocities after acetazolamide was symmetrical (right side, 34.2%; and left side, 35.5%), and the velocity increase was significantly correlated with basal values. The increase in cerebral blood flow was also symmetrical (right side, 29.8%; left side, 30.1%) but not correlated with basal flow values. No significant relationship was found between velocity increase and increase in regional cerebral blood flow. This finding is probably not only due to methodological inaccuracies but may suggest that acetazolamide has an effect on the diameter of the middle cerebral artery or on the magnitude of this artery's perfusion territory. This study supports the use of acetazolamide for assessing cerebral vasoreactivity following the definition of lower limits for velocity and flow increase and for asymmetry of the response.
The reaction pathway for the growth of alumina on high surface area alumina and in ultrahigh vacuum by a reaction between trimethyl aluminum and water (1991)

It is demonstrated that it is possible to grow thin alumina films on an alumina substrate by the sequential adsorption of water and trimethyl aluminum (TMA) both on high-surface-area alumina and in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) at room temperature. The presence of the resulting layer is demonstrated on high surface-area substrates using infrared spectroscopy and in UHV using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The correspondence between the reaction on high surface-area alumina and in UHV allow the surface species to be identified using infrared spectroscopy on the high surface-area sample, and the kinetics to be measured in UHV. A film formation reaction mechanism is proposed that is consistent with the experimental results. It is suggested that TMA can react with hydroxylated alumina to form an adsorbed dimethyl aluminum species and evolve methane. This can further react with water to evolve further methane and leave adsorbed methyl groups. These react rather slowly with water resulting finally in the formation of a hydroxylated alumina surface.
Mssage from the President: A Time of Transition (1979)

"Mssage from the President: A Time of Transition." The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 4(3), pp. 115–116
Amplified-reflection plasmon instabilities in grating-gate plasmonic crystals (2017)

We identify a possible mechanism of the plasmon instabilities in periodically gated two-dimensional electron systems with a modulated electron density (plasmonic crystals) under direct current. The instability occurs due to the amplified reflection of the small density perturbations from the gated/ungated boundaries under the proper phase-matching conditions between the crystal unit cells. Based on the transfer-matrix formalism, we derive the generic dispersion equation for the traveling plasmons in these structures. Its solution in the hydrodynamic limit shows that the threshold drift velocity for the instability can be tuned below the plasmon phase and carrier saturation velocities, and the plasmon growth rate can exceed the collisional damping rate typical of III--V semiconductors and graphene at room temperature.
[Antibodies to Forssman antigen in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and breast]. (1986)

Blood sera of 103 normal persons, 104 patients with malignant and 33 patients with benign tumors of different sites, 28 patients with inflammatory diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract and female sexual organs were examined to demonstrate antibodies to Forssman's antigen (FA) by means of the microhemagglutination test with sheep red blood cells. It was established that reduction in the amount of antibodies to FA was the most characteristic for gastro-intestinal carcinomas and to a lesser degree for breast cancers and that it was sporadically encountered in normal persons with non-cancerous pathology. The number of patients with low titres of antibodies to FA increased as the cancerous process progressed.
Model Confirmation of the MS-Related Symptom Checklist (1989)

Data from a 26-item self-administered MS-Related Symptom Checklist (MS-RS), designed for persons diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), were factored for the purpose of (a) providing further validity for the MS-RS Checklist, (b) determining structural relationships between and within MS symptom clusters, and (c) determining conceptual similarities between symptoms contained within the MS-RS model and those associated with eight neurological functional systems. Data analyses were based on 491 MS subjects. Principal component analysis and Varimax-rotated factor analysis were used to achieve scale parsimony. The resultant 22-item scale consisting of five factors was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to determine relationships among factors, observed variables, and residual variance within the factor model. Modification of the initial factor model resulted in the inclusion of one additional relationship between an observed variable and a second factor and six paired relations among the residual variances. The modified factor model had a satisfactory GFI of .910. Signs and symptoms contained within the five-factor solution compared favorably with signs and symptoms assigned to the neurological functional systems which are used clinically in classifying MS disease impairment.
In-Situ Polarization-Dependent Total-Reflection Fluorescence XAFS Studies on the Structure Transformation of Pt Clusters on α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(0001) (1997)

Structures of Pt species derived from Pt4(μ-CH3COO)8 on an α-Al2O3(0001) single-crystal surface were studied by means of in-situ polarization-dependent total reflection fluorescence XAFS (EXAFS and XANES) techniques. The Pt4 cluster framework was destroyed upon the deposition of Pt4(μ-CH3COO)8 by the reaction on the α-Al2O3 surface at room temperature. The isolated Pt species were converted to one-atomic layer thick Pt rafts with the Pt−Pt distance of 0.273 nm when the cluster was treated with H2 at 373 K. The raftlike Pt clusters were stabilized by the formation of direct Pt−O−Al bonding with the α-Al2O3 surface. The raftlike Pt clusters were redispersed to isolated oxidized Pt species by the reaction with NO. They were also transferred to three-dimensional Pt particles by reduction with H2 at 773 K.
Embedded color error diffusion (2002)

We present an algorithm for image browsing systems that embeds a color halftone into another color halftone of a higher bit depth, as well as embedding a grayscale or binary halftone into a grayscale or color halftone. The benefit of this algorithm is that a low bit-depth halftone can be directly obtained from a higher bit-depth halftone for printing of progressive transmission simply by masking one or more bits off of the color halftone. The embedding can be done in any bit of the output depending on the organization of the image palettes, although the most significant or the least significant bits are most convenient. The embedding algorithm that we describe requires the use of scalar quantizers and ordered vector quantizers. We present several methods for color palette organization, or binary index assignment, to be used in conjunction with the embedded color error diffusion algorithm.
A test sequence generation scheme satisfying the completeness criteria (2002)

We present a problem of commonly used characterization sequences and propose a new test sequence to resolve the problem. The proposed test sequence could decide whether the output fault arises in the edge being tested or one of edges in the UIO sequence. Additionally, the fault coverage is much wider than other test sequence generation methods. To achieve the goal, we introduce k-strong FSM, and show that it can be constructed from a characterization sequence. Also, we illustrate our technique on a specific example.
Finite-precision effects (2012)

In practice, a digital signal processing system is implemented by software on a digital computer, either using a general-purpose digital signal processor, or using dedicated hardware for the given application. In either case, quantization errors are inherent due to the finite-precision arithmetic. These errors are of the following types:
The complex technology on products of German chamomile. (2003)

The German chamomile is an old herbal medicine, which is widely used in medical practice. The water and ethanol extracts of matricaria flowers are mainly used for their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and spasmolytic properties. It is possible to prepare tea of pulverized matricaria flowers with 0.2 mm sized particles packed in tea bags. The investigation of anatomical diagnostical identification, qualitative and quantitative indices showed that matricaria top got after gathering flowers can be recommend as a herb for medical use. The thin-layer chromatographic research showed that matricaria top contains 9 flavonoids (2 more than flowers) and it's essential oil--10 components (one more than flowers). The technological study of practical use of matricaria top approved the possibility to prepare the fluid extract of matricaria top for external use. The results of investigations showed the possibility of complex use of Matricaria recutita cultivated in Latvia.
Detection of micrometastases in colorectal cancer patients by K19 and K20 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. (1996)

Tumor stage in bowel and breast cancer is the chief determinant of prognosis and the need for adjuvant therapy. The intermediate filament protein keratin 19 (K19) is expressed by epithelia and corresponding malignancies. Recently, the detection of K19 gene expression by RT-PCR has been reported as a sensitive tool for detecting occult metastasis to the lymph nodes and bone marrow of patients with primary epithelial tumors. Doubt has arisen, however, about the tissue specificity of K19 gene expression. In this study, we report a comparison of RT-PCR for K19 with another keratin, K20, in the lymph nodes and bone marrow of 15 patients with colorectal cancer, eight control patients who underwent bowel resection for benign disease, and four other control patients. K19 and K20 gene expression was detected in 84 and 26 of 109 lymph nodes and in 6 and 0 of 15 bone marrow aspirates, respectively, from colorectal cancer patients. K19 gene expression was also detected in 34 of 40 lymph nodes and in 5 of 12 bone marrow aspirates from control patients, whereas K20 gene expression was undetectable in any control sample. In conclusion, K19 RT-PCR lacks specificity as a marker of occult lymph node and bone marrow metastasis. In contrast, K20 RT-PCR was specific and should be evaluated further in future studies.
Rainbow Trout Sleeping Disease Virus Is an Atypical Alphavirus (2000)

Sleeping disease (SD) is currently a matter of concern for salmonid fish farmers in most parts of the world. A viral etiology of SD has recently been suspected, since virus-like particles have been observed in infected rainbow trout cells. In salmonid-derived cell lines, the maximal rate of virus production was observed at 10°C, while little virus was produced at 14°C. Through biochemical, physicochemical, and morphological studies, SD virus (SDV) was shown to be an enveloped virus of roughly 60 nm in diameter. The genome consists of 12 kb of RNA, with the appearance of a 26S subgenomic RNA during the time course of SDV replication. The screening of a random-primed cDNA library constructed from the genomic RNA of semipurified virions facilitated the identification of a specific SDV cDNA clone having an open reading frame related to the alphavirus E2 glycoproteins. To extend the comparison between SDV structural proteins and the alphavirus protein counterparts, the nucleotide sequence of the total 4.1-kb subgenomic RNA has been determined. The 26S RNA encodes a 1,324-amino-acid polyprotein exhibiting typical alphavirus structural protein organization. SDV structural proteins showed several remarkable features compared to other alphaviruses: (i) unusually large individual proteins, (ii) very low homology (ranging from 30 to 34%) (iii) an unglycosylated E3 protein, and (iv) and E1 fusion domain sharing mutations implicated in the pH threshold. Although phylogenetically related to the Semliki Forest virus group of alphaviruses, SDV should be considered an atypical member, able to naturally replicate in lower vertebrates.
Convenient Synthesis of<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-Tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)-α,ω-alkanediamines Using a Phase-Transfer Catalyst (1992)

Alkylation of α,ω-alkanediamines and their N,N′-disubstituted derivatives with 2-(chloromethyl)pyridinium chloride in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride as a phase-transfer catalyst gave conveniently the corresponding N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)-α,ω-alkanediamines in good yields. N,N′-Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N,N′-bis (2-thienylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine was similarly obtained.
Ultrafast Optical Waveform Characterization New Trend Of Ultrafast Streak Camera Technology (1989)

Waveform measurement of ultrafast optical signals is discussed as a promising application field of the streak camera technology. The key techniques for such measurement are elliptical scan and electron sampling. The optical oscilloscopes, which we have recently developed to perform the measurement mentioned above, are discussed on its operation and results of practical measurement. The results have showed excellent performances such as the time resolution of = 10 ps, the wide dynamic range of > 1:10 3, and distortionless, which features are far exceeding the limits of measurement by ordinary technique.
Abstraction in perceptual symbol systems (2003)

After reviewing six senses of abstraction, this article focuses on abstractions that take the form of summary representations. Three central properties of these abstractions are established: ( i ) type-token interpretation; (ii) structured representation; and (iii) dynamic realization. Traditional theories of representation handle interpretation and structure well but are not sufficiently dynamical. Conversely, connectionist theories are exquisitely dynamic but have problems with structure. Perceptual symbol systems offer an approach that implements all three properties naturally. Within this framework, a loose collection of property and relation simulators develops to represent abstractions. Type-token interpretation results from binding a property simulator to a region of a perceived or simulated category member. Structured representation results from binding a configuration of property and relation simulators to multiple regions in an integrated manner. Dynamic realization results from applying different subsets of property and relation simulators to category members on different occasions. From this standpoint, there are no permanent or complete abstractions of a category in memory. Instead, abstraction is the skill to construct temporary online interpretations of a category's members. Although an infinite number of abstractions are possible, attractors develop for habitual approaches to interpretation. This approach provides new ways of thinking about abstraction phenomena in categorization, inference, background knowledge and learning.
Broad bandwidth transformer coupled differential amplifiers for high dynamic range (1999)

Broad bandwidth amplifiers are typically limited in their spurious free dynamic range by second-order products. We have demonstrated more than 30 dB reduction in second-order products for amplifiers with 1-2 octaves of bandwidth utilizing a novel circuit approach. Improved planar baluns (180/spl deg/ transformers) are combined with differential amplifiers fabricated from 0.25-/spl mu/m GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors to implement 4-16-GHz and 3-6-GHz small-signal amplifiers. Measured values of OIP2 exceed 60 dBm with a 1-dB compression level of approximately 5 dBm. These unprecedented levels enable miniaturized, low-power front ends for broad bandwidth microwave systems.
Revitalizing Brownfields Using Law and Policy: Lessons in Process from Baraboo, Wisconsin (2020)

This case study focuses on laws and policies used in Baraboo, Wisconsin land redevelopment projects, including the state laws that regulate cleanup of environmentally contaminated properties, the authorizing laws behind the projects, and the policies incorporated into the projects. It does this by highlighting two successful land reuse projects in the City of Baraboo, Wisconsin: the Veolia Property and the Alliant Property. During the redevelopment of these brownfield sites, Baraboo sought remedy to environmental contamination and maintain the community’s health. Two grant programs assisted Baraboo in achieving these goals: the Wisconsin Department of Commerce Grant and the Environmental Protection Agency Brownfields Grant. The Brownfields Grant provided Baraboo the ability to conduct health monitoring with assistance from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. These redevelopment projects in Baraboo demonstrate successful interagency and interdisciplinary collaboration, as well as the role of law and policy in removing environmental hazards to reuse properties and promote human health by reducing exposure to environmental contaminants. Baraboo used these laws and policies to revitalize brownfields and account for community health in the process. Other localities and states can use Baraboo’s experience as a model to redevelop their own contaminated properties and promote environmental health through the use of their jurisdiction’s laws and policies.
Detection of ALL-1/AF4 fusion transcript by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and monitoring of acute leukemias with the t(4;11) translocation (1993)

The chromosomal breakpoints of t(4;11) translocation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been recently identified at molecular level and shown to involve the AF4 (FEL) gene on chromosome 4 and the ALL-1 (MLL, Hrx) gene on chromosome 11. The ALL-1/AF4 fusion gene is transcribed into a chimeric mRNA. Using primer sets derived from ALL-1 and AF4 cDNAs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR), we were able to amplify the breakpoint sites of the fusion transcript of all 15 ALL cases with karyotypic or molecular evidence of the t(4;11). DNA fragments of different size were obtained as the consequence of different breakpoints on chromosome 11 and the presence of alternative splicing of ALL-1 exon 8. The feasibility of monitoring the residual cells carrying the t(4;11) in 2 ALL patients with different clinical outcome was evaluated. Overall, the presented results provide evidence that RT-PCR can be used as a rapid method for detecting this chromosomal abnormality and following the patient's response to therapy.
Wireless Data Center Management: Sensor Network Applications and Challenges (2014)

The modern data centers (DCs) are essential to fulfilling ever-evolving computational demands around cloud computing, big data, and IT infrastructure. These DCs are facilities (Figure 1) that house computer systems and associated components such as networking and storage systems. To operate a DC, power supplies, network connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, humidity), and security infrastructure are needed. Technology and business challenges such as virtualization, load consolidation, real-time troubleshooting, and service-level guarantees require a robust and adaptive server management plan for enterprise. The majority of DC issues are related to overutilization of resources, application failures, data security, power usage effectiveness (PUE), and infrastructure costs. This requires proactive solutions that are business intelligent and built over a network of sense points that are guaranteed to deliver reliable trends and measurements in a reliable and timely fashion. Since it is expensive to build new DCs, the best option is to improve usage of an existing facility through lower infrastructure overhead to deliver better resource management. An optimal sensor network would perform real-time sensor-data collection and deliver a) improved server rack utilization, b) improved DC cooling, and c) improved loadbalancing through dynamic capping of thermally constrained systems.
The cellular basis of allograft rejection in vivo. II. The nature of memory cells mediating second set heart graft rejection. (1978)

An adoptive transfer system was used to study the cellular basis of memory in animals immunized by grafting with major histocompatibility complex incompatible tissue. Memory was characterised by a large (greater than 100 fold) increase in the potency of lymphocytes to precure graft rejection. This increase in potency endured for at least 1 yr after sensitization. The memory cells were shown to be Ig-- small lymphocytes which were long lived and which did not recirculate from blood to lymph in normal recipients although they did home to lymphoid tissue from which they could be recovered several months later. The thymus was not required either for the generation of memory cells or their maintenance. Cells carrying memory for alloantibody synthesis did recirculate normally but alloantibody synthesis was shown not to be required for rejection.
Vertical motions of the neutral thermosphere at midlatitude (1982)

Determination of vertical motions in the upper thermosphere at midlatitudes from high time resolution Doppler shift measurements of the [OI]³P ‐ ¹D transition emission at night show that there exist oscillations with ∼ 40 min periodicity and large magnitude (ca. 50 m/s). The behavior of these oscillations is ascribed to the passage of gravity waves through that region of the atmosphere. The results also show that individual (high time resolution) zenith measurements of the neutral thermosphere emissions can not be used as (zero) reference winds with any degree of certainty.
Improved Vt Stability of SNOS FETs by Oxygen Annealing (1973)

The threshold voltage stability of p- and n-channel silicon gate FETs is improved by annealing the gate silicon nitride in oxygen or steam prior to deposition of the silicon gate. Annealing shifts the threshold voltage negatively by 100-200mV, and lowers the normalized transconductance slightly. Field effect mobility, fast surface state density and junction leakage are not affected by the anneal. Formation of a thin layer of SiO2 plus SiOXNy during annealing increases nitride resistivity and reduces the threshold voltage shift due to charge storage at the oxide-nitride interface.