gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Mercury by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2007)

Abstract The aim of this work is the development of a procedure for the determination of aqueous Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry at a gold nanoparticle‐modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNPs‐GCE). The signal of aqueous Hg(II) was measured in the square wave mode; the effect of potential scan parameters, deposition potential and deposition time on the analytical signal was examined. The supporting electrolyte was 0.06 M HCl. The repeatability, the linearity, the accuracy, the detection limit of the procedure and the interferences of other cations and of anions were evaluated. The performance of the AuNPs‐GCE was compared with those of a solid (SGE) and a film (FGE) gold electrode: the AuNPs‐GCE showed to provide lower detection limits and higher repeatability. The renewable surface permits to eliminate memory effects, to maintain a stable baseline and response, and to avoid frequent mechanical cleaning steps. The applicability of the AuNPs‐GCE for Hg(II) determination in drinking waters, sediments and pharmaceuticals was demonstrated.
Secure bootstrapping and routing in an IPv6-based ad hoc network (2004)

The mobile ad hoc network (MANET), which is characterized by an infrastructureless architecture and multi-hop communication, has attracted a lot of attention recently. In the evolution of IP networks to version 6, adopting the same protocol would guarantee the success and portability of MANETs. In this paper, we propose a secure bootstrapping and routing protocol for MANETs. Mobile hosts can autoconfigure and even change their IP addresses based on the concept of CGA (cryptographically generated address), but they can not hide their identities easily. The protocol is modified from DSR (dynamic source routing) to support secure routing. The neighbor discovery and domain name registration in IPv6 are incorporated and enhanced with security functions. The protocol is characterized by the following features: (i) it is designed based on IPv6, (ii) relying on a DNS server, it allows bootstrapping a MANET with little pre-configuration overhead, so network formation is light-weight, and (iii) it is able to resist a variety of security attacks.
Investigation of the solution structure of the human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) by proton NMR spectroscopy, distance geometry, and molecular dynamics calculations (1991)

The structure of human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) in a solvent mixture of water and trifluoroethanol has been determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a combination of distance geometry and molecular dynamic simulations. After complete assignment of the 1H signals, the nuclear Overhauser enhancement data imply the existence of two alpha-helices, comprising residues 3-9 and 17-28, joined by a nonstructured region. The absence of any long-range NOEs and the relative magnitudes of the sequential NOEs and the 3J(HNH alpha) values reflect an inherent flexibility within the entire fragment. The final structures refined by molecular dynamics further support the above results and allow discussion of structural-activity relationships.
Macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease (2009)

Macrocyclization has proved to be an effective tool for depeptidization of peptidic inhibitors with improved binding and pharmacokinetic properties.
The voltage-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange in sea urchin spermatozoa flagellar membrane vesicles studied with an entrapped pH probe. (1985)

Flagellar plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from sea urchin sperm using osmotic lysis. A membrane impermeant fluorescence pH indicator, pyranine, was incorporated into the vesicles as they resealed after lysis and was used to measure the intravesicular pH (pHi). Addition of Na+ rapidly alkalinized the pHi of vesicles prepared with an internal acidic pH gradient. The pHi increase showed ionic selectivity in the order of Na+ greater than Li+ much greater than K+ approximately equal to Cs+ approximately equal to O. Complete removal of monovalent anions such as Cl- and HCO3- did not affect the exchange, thus ruling out the participation of an anion carrier in the process. The optimal operation of the exchanger, however, required the presence of a transmembrane potential, which could be generated by the diffusion potential of either K+, a naturally permeant ion, or Cs+ which was artificially made permeant by the ionophore valinomycin. Depolarization inhibited the exchange in both the forward and the reverse directions, which is consistent with the voltage-gated electroneutral exchange mechanism proposed previously for this exchanger (Lee, H. C. J. Biol. Chem. (1984) 259, 15315-15319). The voltage sensitivity of the Na+/H+ exchanger was found to be modulated by the presence of Mg2+. A model involving the screening of the internal surface potential was proposed to account for the Mg2+ effect. The vesicle preparation used in this study allows complete control of the internal contents and represents a major simplification of the system as compared with the intact sperm and the isolated flagella used previously.
An Embeddable SOI Radiation Sensor (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The feasibility of developing an embeddable silicon-on-insulator (SOI) buried oxide MOS dosimeter (RadFET) has been demonstrated. This dosimeter takes advantage of the inherent properties for radiation-induced charge buildup in the buried oxides of commercial SOI wafers. Discrete SOI buried oxide RadFETs and fully-functional read-out circuitry have been fabricated in Sandia's CMOS7 radiation-hardened SOI technology. Discrete RadFETs have been irradiated under various radiation conditions and subjected to post-irradiation anneals. Data show only a small dose rate dependence and less than a 10% annealing or fade of the dosimeters output characteristics when irradiated with all pins shorted. These results show less fade than dual-dielectric RadFETs irradiated under the same bias conditions and support the use of SOI buried oxide RadFETs for low dose rate applications. Read-out circuitry has also been designed and fabricated to monitor changes in the “off” state leakage current induced by radiation-induced charge buildup in the buried oxide dosimeter. The analog-to-digital output from the read-out circuit changes linearly with the “off” state leakage current. Preliminary radiation characterizations of the read-out circuitry show no spurious effects of radiation-induced charge buildup in the read-out circuitry on the dosimeter output. These results indicate it is feasible to develop an embeddable SOI buried oxide RadFET as an attractive choice for many low power, low dose rate applications requiring real-time knowledge of total ionizing dose radiation levels. </para>
A Comparison of the Quantitative Methods for the Analysis of the Platinum-Containing Anticancer Drug {<i>cis</i>-[Amminedichloro(2-methylpyridine)]- platinum(II)} (ZD0473) by HPLC Coupled to Either a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer or an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (2003)

The use of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS) as means for the quantitative determination of ZD0473, a platinum anticancer drug, and its related biologically active "aqua" compounds in biofluid samples is described. The performance of the resulting HPLC-ICPMS method was compared with that of a conventional HPLC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer-based (HPLC-MS/MS) system for properties such as limit of detection, linearity, and reproducibility using spiked samples. The methods were then applied to the determination of plasma ultrafitrate concentrations of ZD0473 in dog plasma samples obtained following intravenous and oral administration at 0.5 and 6 mg/kg, respectively. These experiments showed that both methods were capable of providing accurate and precise results but that the HPLC-ICPMS method had advantages of extended linear range and superior sensitivity, providing a limit of quantification of 0.1 ng/mL for ZD0473, as compared to 5 ng/mL using the current HPLC-MS/MS method. In addition, by using a single combined HPLC-ICPMS/MS/MS system, it was possible to determine the relative MS/MS response of the aqua compounds for the first time.
FDA approves first drug formulated for children with rare brain tumor. (2013)

FDA has approved everolimus tablets for oral suspension (Afinitor Disperz, Novartis), a new pediatric dosage form of the anti-cancer drug everolimus (Afinitor, Novartis) used to treat a rare brain tumor called subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
Anisotropic wave propagation through finite-difference grids (1995)

Abstract An algorithm is presented to solve the elastic-wave equation by replacing the partial differentials with finite differences. It enables wave propagation to be simulated in three dimensions through generally anisotropic and heterogeneous models. The space derivatives are calculated using discrete convolution sums, while the time derivatives are replaced by a truncated Taylor expansion. A centered finite difference scheme in cartesian coordinates is used for the space derivatives leading to staggered grids. The use of finite difference approximations to the partial derivatives results in a frequency-dependent error in the group and phase velocities of waves. For anisotropic media, the use of staggered grids implies that some of the elements of the stress and strain tensors must be interpolated to calculate the Hook sum. This interpolation induces an additional error in the wave properties. The overall error depends on the precision of the derivative and interpolation operators, the anisotropic symmetry system, its orientation and the degree of anisotropy. The dispersion relation for the homogeneous case was derived for the proposed scheme. Since we use a general description of convolution sums to describe the finite difference operators, the numerical wave properties can be calculated for any space operator and an arbitrary homogeneous elastic model. In particular, phase and group velocities of the three wave types can be determined in any direction. We demonstrate that waves can be modeled accurately even through models with strong anisotropy when the operators are properly designed.
0．9％盐水既不正常也不生理 (2016)

本文旨在客观评价0．9％氯化钠溶液（盐水）的生物化学和病理生理学特性，并深入探讨静脉输注该盐水对机体酸碱平衡和肾脏血流动力学的影响。研究表明多数临床医生对电解质平衡的认识有限，对静脉输注盐水所引起的血浆电解质变化认识不足。而错误地应用盐水会增加患者的患病率和死亡率。健康成人大剂量（〉2L）输注盐水会导致高氯血症并进而引起代谢性酸中毒、高钾血症和负氮平衡。总之，盐水是一种高度酸化的液体，用于治疗呕吐或上消化道减压引起的低氯性代谢性碱中毒和容量不足较为合适。临床上不加区分地应用盐水对患者特别是对重症患者可能导致不必要的并发症，应注意避免。临床医生对于盐水相关作用和电解质管理的认识亟需增强。
Potentiation of the cytocidal effect of human immune interferon by different synthetic double-stranded RNAs in the refractory human colon carcinoma cell line BE. (1986)

A human cell line BE, derived from an undifferentiated carcinoma of the colon, was studied for its response to the cytocidal effects of human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) alone and in combination with various double-standard RNAs (dsRNAs). BE cells were moderately refractory to 3-day treatment with IFN-gamma (10 to 300 units/ml) where only 5 to 30% reduction in colony formation occurred. A similar exposure interval to polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I).poly(C)] (100 micrograms/ml) had no detectable effect on colony formation. In contrast, the lethal effect of the combination of IFN-gamma and poly(I).poly(C) was synergistic and this regimen produced a 40 to 80% reduction in colony formation. The cytocidal effects of the combination of IFN-gamma with varying concentrations of the dsRNAs poly(I).poly(C), polyriboadenylic.polyribouridylic acid [poly(A).poly(U)], polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine in carboxymethylcellulose [poly(ICLC)], and mismatched dsRNA [rIn.r(C13,U)n] were also examined. The concentration of the dsRNAs producing a 50% decrease in cell viability in combination with IFN-gamma (100 units/ml) was 6 micrograms/ml for poly(I).poly(C), 1 microgram/ml for poly(A).poly(U), 3 ng/ml for poly(ICLC), and 16 micrograms/ml for rIn.r(C13,U)n. DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in IFN-gamma and poly(I).poly(C)-treated cells were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. However, there were no changes in either (2',5')oligoadenylate concentrations or in ribosomal RNA transcription following treatment with IFN-gamma and poly(I).poly(C). Thus, the synergism resulting from the combination of IFN-gamma and dsRNA appears to be mediated via another, as yet unknown, mechanism.
High-speed polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography scan engine based on Fourier domain mode locked laser: erratum (2013)

We recently reported on a new swept source polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography system and its application to skin imaging [Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 2987 (2012)]. In some of the tomographic images, two skin layers were labeled wrongly (interchanged). We present figures with corrected labeling.
Patch dynamics in grazed arid ecosystems (2015)

Spatially heterogeneous, or patchy, vegetation patterns are widely distributed in arid and semiarid ecosystems and their water-redistributing role is of great ecological interests. Studies have shown effects of rain and wind, vegetation interactions, and disturbances on patch pattern formation and dynamics. In the absence of a synthesis, I have undertaken a review to systematically understand effects of these interacting factors in patch pattern formation and dynamics for two types of spotted and banded patterns. These two patterns are widely distributed and have distinctive, yet complementary features that encompass most of the patch pattern characteristics. I found that: 1) wind is as important as rain in patch pattern formation; 2) shrubs have a facilitation effect on the surrounding vegetation via several mechanisms, and 3) grazing disturbances that include foraging, excretion, and trampling have different effects on vegetation dynamics depending on the patch type and amount of annual precipitation (e.g. wet or dry years).
Theodicy in Islamic Thought: The Dispute over al-Ghazālī’s “Best of All Possible Worlds,” by Eric L. Ormsby. 308 pages. Princeton University Press, Princeton1984. $30.00. (1985)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A framework for synchronous web-based professional development: Measuring the impact of webinar instruction (2011)

Through the evolution and proliferation of the Internet, distance and online education have become more prevalent in modern society. Synchronous web-based professional development continues to gain popularity. Although online education has grown in popularity and breadth, there has been a lack of research about the impact of synchronous web-based professional development. By using Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick's (2006) Four Levels of Evaluation, this study examined the impact of webinar professional development at a National Science Foundation Advanced Technology Center. Findings indicate that although the factors that contribute to learning in a web-based environment were present, there was a lack of evidence about the actual outcomes of participation in a synchronous web-based professional development. To address the lack of evidence, a new model of Comprehensive Synchronous Web-based Professional Development evaluation and implementation is proposed in the discussion.
Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Brain Synaptic Membrane Glutamate‐Binding Protein (1983)

A glutamate-binding protein from rat brain synaptic plasma membranes has been purified to apparent homogeneity. This protein has a Mr of 14,300 based on amino acid and carbohydrate analyses. The protein is enriched with tryptophan residues, which contribute substantially to its hydrophobic nature. It also has a relatively high content of acidic amino acids, which determine is low isoelectric point (4.82). The protein exhibits either a single, high-affinity class of sites for L-[3H]glutamate binding (KD = 0.13 microM) when binding is measured at low protein concentrations, or two classes of sites with high (KD = 0.17 microM) and low affinities (KD = 0.8 microM) when binding is measured at high protein concentrations. These observations suggest preferential binding of L-glutamate to a self-associating form of the protein. The displacement of protein-bound L-[3H]glutamic acid by other neuroactive amino acids has characteristics similar to those observed for displacement of L-glutamate from membrane binding sites. Chemical modification of the cysteine and arginine residues results in an inhibition of glutamate binding activity. The possible function of this protein in the physiologic glutamate receptor complex of neuronal membranes is discussed.
A 600 GHz dielectric rod antenna (2009)

Dielectric rod antennas have advantages as elements of focal plane arrays for imaging applications at terahertz frequencies. As well as good directivity and moderate bandwidth they are readily integrated with diode detectors. To demonstrate these attributes we describe the fabrication of a prototype antenna by laser ablation. Theoretical and measured results are presented for a dielectric rod antenna operating at 600 GHz.
A quantitative genotype algorithm reflecting H5N1 Avian influenza niches (2007)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Experimental verification of the use of metal filled via hole fences for crosstalk control of microstrip lines in LTCC packages (2001)

Coupling between microstrip lines in dense RF packages is a common problem that degrades circuit performance. Prior three-dimensional-finite element method (3-D-FEM) electromagnetic simulations have shown that metal filled via hole fences between two adjacent microstrip lines actually increases coupling between the lines; however, if the top of the via posts are connected by a metal strip, coupling is reduced. In this paper, experimental verification of the 3-D-FEM simulations is demonstrated for commercially fabricated low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) packages. In addition, measured attenuation of microstrip lines surrounded by the shielding structures is presented and shows that shielding structures do not change the attenuation characteristics of the line.
Antitumor activities of extracts from selected desert plants against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2013)

The aqueous extracts from aerial parts of O. dayi and O. baccatus possess antitumor effects against human liver cancer cells. These desert plants represent valuable resources for the development of potential anticancer agents.
The FTG+PM framework for multi-paradigm modelling (2012)

In recent years, many new concepts, methodologies, and tools have emerged, which have made Model Driven Engineering (MDE) more usable, precise and automated. We have earlier proposed a conceptual framework, FTG+PM, that acts as a guide for carrying out model transformations, and as a basis for unifying key MDE practices, namely multi-paradigm modelling, meta-modelling, and model transformation. The FTG+PM consists of the Formalism Transformation Graph (FTG) and its complement, the Process Model (PM), and charts activities in the MDE lifecycle such as requirements development, domain-specific design, verification, simulation, analysis, calibration, deployment, code generation, execution, etc. In this paper, we apply the FTG+PM approach to a case study of a power window in the automotive domain. We present a FTG+PM model for the automotive domain, and describe the MDE process we applied based on our experiences with the power window system.
the Vets Corner: SICK BIRD, DEAD BIRD WHAT CAN YOU DO? (1975)

Until recently, there were essentially three options open to the average bird fancier: 1. Take it in stride as simply bad luck. 2. Try to identify the problem with the help of experience, reading and friendly advice. 3. If the bird was sufficiently valuable either monetarily or sentimentally, you might present it to your local veterinarian, if you could find one who was interested in birds and had enough experience to help you. If the bird died, he might make a postmortem examination, applying those diagnostic techniques which were available to him.
e-비즈니스 일반 : 온라인 게임 이용자의 전환행동에 영향을 미치는 요인 (2011)

본 연구는 온라인 게임 이용자들이 특정한 게임을 이용하는 과정에서 형성된 습관과 해당 게임의 명성이 대안의 매력, 사용성, 전환비용 그리고 신뢰를 각각 경유하여 타 게임으로의 전환행동(의도를 이용하여 측정함)에 미치는 영향력 과정을 구조적으로 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 정보기술 이용에 있어 잠재의식적 행위와 정보기술 이용을 살펴본 여러 선행연구에 기초를 두어 연구모형을 설정하고, 온라인 게임을 이용하고 있는 20대 대학생들을 중심으로 하여 설문조사를 실시, 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 연구가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 온라인 게임 이용습관이 사용성, 전환비용, 신뢰 등에 유의적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였으며, 해당 게임에 대한 명성은 대안의 매력, 사용성, 전환비용 그리고 신뢰 모두에게 유의적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 본연구의 결과는 추후 온라인 게임을 개발하거나 이를 서비스하는 온라인 기업들에게 게임 이용자들의 습관과 명성을 높이는 전략이 게임 이용자들을 유지함과 동시에 보다 충성도 높은 고객으로 만드는 전략이라는 점을 제시하는 등의 많은 실무적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 향후 온라인 게임을 서비스할 경우, 습관과 명성이 중요한 전환장벽 선행요인이라는 점을 충분히 고려하여 운영전략을 수립하여야 할 것이다.
A Technique for Avoiding Connection Errors in Computerized Impedance-Measuring Systems (1971)

The technique described uses a series of impedance measurements with different lead combinations and a calculation to determine the impedance of an unknown in the presence of lead and loading impedances. In general, a four-terminal ac or dc measurement requires four leads, four switches, and a series of five two-terminal measurements. However, an ac bridge is shown that requires only two switches and three measurements. The impedance of the swithces used to select the lead combinations has no effect on the measurement if it is constant and changes in switch resistance between closures can be avoided by choosing a measurement sequence that closes each switch only once. Most guarded four-terminal bridges are subject to errors caused by impedance to guard at the unknown end of the leads. A series of seven three-terminal measurements corrects for this type of error, which is particularly important for in situ measurements or for high-precision measurements on three-terminal standards. The technique is particularly applicable to an automatic computerized devide because two-terminal automatic bridges are substantially simpler than four-terminal bridges and because the speed of such a system and its computer can easily overcome the main disadvantages of the method???the necessity for several measurements and the calculation (which includes square roots). However, three two-terminal measurements and a simple calculation will measure a four-terminal impedance with a residual error that can be very small if the lead impedances are approximately equal. Thus the method may be practical for manual measurements as well.