gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong acid chemistry. 3. Alkene-alkane alkylations in hydrofluoric acid-tantalum pentafluoride. Evidence for the presence of ethyl(1+) ion in solution (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrong acid chemistry. 3. Alkene-alkane alkylations in hydrofluoric acid-tantalum pentafluoride. Evidence for the presence of ethyl(1+) ion in solutionMichael SiskinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 17, 5413–5414Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00433a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00433a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An automated tissue classification pipeline for magnetic resonance images of infant brains using age-specific atlases and level set segmentation (2016)

<p>Quantifying tissue volumes in pediatric brains from magnetic resonance (MR) images can provide insight into etiology and onset of neurological disease. Unbiased volumetric analysis can be applied to large population studies when automated image processing is possible. Standard segmentation strategies using adult atlases fail to account for varying tissue contrasts and types associated with the rapid growth and maturational changes seen in early neurodevelopment. The goal of this project was to develop an automated pipeline and two age-specific atlases capable of providing accurate tissue classification despite these challenges.</p> <p>The automated pipeline consisted of a stepwise initial atlas-to-subject registration, expectation maximization (EM) atlas based segmentation, and a post-processing level set segmentation for improved white/gray matter separation. This level set segmentation is a 3D and multiphase adaptation of a 2D method intended for use on images with the types of intensity Inhomogeneities found in MR images.</p> <p>The initial tissue maps required to determine spatial priors for the one-year-old atlas were created by manually cleaning the results of an adult atlas and the automated pipeline. Additional tissue maps were incrementally added until the spatial priors were sufficiently representative. The neonate atlas was similarly created, starting with the one-year-old atlas.</p>
Identification of a Single Binding Protein for Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-3 in Bovine Cerebellum Membranes (1991)

Competition binding experiments of [125I]endothelin-3 ([125I]ET-3) to bovine cerebellum membrane preparations in the presence of either ET-3 or ET-1 have indicated the presence of a single class of high affinity binding sites for these two peptides in the brain. Cross-linking of [125I]ET-3 to cerebellum membrane preparations with dissuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) resulted in the labeling of two bands with apparent mol wt of 52 and 30 kDa. Under these conditions the labeling intensities of these two bands were similar. However, addition of 5 mM EDTA to the protease inhibitor mixture during membrane preparations as well as the binding and cross-linking reaction increased the labeling of the 52-kDa protein while reducing the labeling of the 30-kDa protein. Peptide map comparisons of the 52- and 30-kDa protein bands using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and papain revealed that the 30-kDa band is a proteolytic degradation product of the 52-kDa protein. These results suggest that the 52-kDa protein represents the specific binding protein of ET-3, and thus, the apparent mol wt of the ET receptor is 50 kDa, subtracting the mol wt of the iodinated ET. Since cross-linking of [125I]ET-1 to cerebellum membrane preparations revealed the same two bands of 52 and 30 kDa, peptide mapping of the 52-kDa proteins, cross-linked with either [125I]ET-1 or ET-3, was conducted. Under these experimental conditions, identical peptide fragments were generated by both Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and papain. These results suggest that ET-1 and ET-3 bind to a common brain binding protein with an apparent mol wt of 50 kDa.
Pseudo-sugars. 4. A Facile Synthesis of <scp>Dl</scp>-Validamine and Its Derivative (1979)

Abstract Penta-N,O-acetyl-Dl-validamine was prepared from readily available endo-2, exo-3-diacetoxy-endo-6-acetoxymethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane in three steps in an overall yield of 36%.
On hardware Trojan design and implementation at register-transfer level (2013)

There have been a number of hardware Trojan (HT) designs at register-transfer level (RTL) in the literature, which mainly describe their malicious behaviors and trigger mechanisms. Generally speaking, the stealthiness of the HTs is shown with extremely low sensitization probability of the trigger events. In practice, however, based on the fact that HTs are not sensitized with verification test cases (otherwise their malicious behaviors would have manifested themselves), designers could focus on verification corners for HT detection. Consequently, a stealthy HT not only requires to be hard to trigger, but also needs to be able to evade those hardware trust verification techniques based on “unused circuit identification (UCI)”. In this paper, we present new HT design and implementation techniques that are able to achieve the above objectives. In addition, attackers would like to be able to control their HTs easily, which is also considered in the proposed HT design methodology. Experimental results demonstrate that HTs constructed with the proposed technique are both hard to be detected and easy to be controlled when compared to existing HTs shown in the literature.
Methods for determining numbers of cells and synapses: A case for more uniform standards of review (1996)

Neuron and synapse numbers are important assays in neuroscience. These numbers are estimated by one of four methods: 1) profile counts, 2) assumption-based methods, 3) serial reconstructions, and 4) stereological methods. The criteria for these methods are diverse. This creates a disparity in that some reviewers accept estimates from any of these methods, while others accept only specific methods. An equally important issue is the diversity of sampling strategies, since unbiased estimates of neuronal or synaptic numbers are contingent upon both counting and sampling techniques. The purpose of this commentary is to institute a dialog that will lead to a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the above methods, and to propose guidelines that should lead to more uniform and thus fairer judging of the studies that provide estimates of neuron or synapse numbers. In addition, adoption of more uniform standards for obtaining unbiased numerical estimates should result in the generation of an unbiased database that will be of considerable use in future studies.
A segment-based speaker adaptation neural network applied to continuous speech recognition (1992)

The authors describe a speaker adaptation technique using segment-based neural-mapping applied to continuous speech recognition. The adaptation neural network has a time-shifted subconnection architecture to maintain the temporal structure in the acoustic segment and to decrease the amount of speech data for training. The effectiveness of this network has been reported for phoneme recognition. The speaker adaptation network is combined with a TDNN-LR continuous speech recognizer, and is evaluated in word and phrase recognition experiments with several speakers. The results of 500-word recognition experiments show that the recognition rate by segment-based adaptation is 92.2%, 28.8% higher than the rate without adaptation. The results of 278 phrase recognition experiments show that the recognition rate by segment-based adaptation is 57.4%, 27.7% higher than the rate without adaptation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laparoscopic optical biopsies: In vivo robotized mosaicing with probe-based confocal endomicroscopy (2011)

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is a promising technology for performing minimally-invasive optical biopsies. With the help of mosaicing algorithms, several studies reported successful results in endoluminal surgery. In this paper, we present a prototype for making robotized optical biopsies on a variety of organs inside the abdominal cavity. We chose a macro-micro association, with a macropositioner, a micropositioner and a passive mechanical compensation of physiological motion. The probe is actuated by three hydraulic micro-balloons and can be moved on the surface of an organ to generate a mosaic. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a first in vivo trial on a porcine model.
Dependence of Macroscopic Wetting on Nanoscopic Surface Textures (2009)

The hydrophobicity of a surface can be enhanced by physical textures. However, no existing theories of surface wetting can provide guidance to pinpoint the texture size requirement to achieve super/ultrahydrophobicity. Here, we show that the three-phase contact line tension, tau, is an important link to understand the dependence of macroscopic wetting on physical texture size in an ideal Cassie regime. Specifically, we show that texture size is the dominant parameter in determining surface hydrophobicity when the size approaches a limiting physical length scale, as defined by tau and the surface tension of the liquid.
Development of a Fluorescent Indicator for the Bioimaging of Nitric Oxide. (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to play various roles as a signal transmitter. However, detailed functions of NO have yet to be clarified. We have developed a fluorescent indicator for NO imaging in living cells. The N-nitrosation of newly designed and synthesized 4-((3-amino-2-naphthyl)aminomethyl)benzoic acid (DAN-1) by NO yielded the highly fluorescent triazole-form. The membrane permeable ester derivative of DAN-1 (DAN-1 EE) was applied to the imaging of NO produced in activated rat aortic smooth muscle cells. After DAN-1 EE has been loaded into cells, the ester bond is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterase, yielding original DAN-1 with less permeability. The fluorescence intensity of the cells loaded with DAN-1 EE increased according to NO production. The imaging method with fluorescent indicators will be significant for the functional clarification of NO in vivo.
Currents and Eddies in the English Romantic Generation (1920)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Expression and secretion of human serum albumin in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

In order to maximize the secretory expression of human serum albumin (HSA) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a series of HSA expression vectors were constructed with a combination of different promoters, 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR), and secretion signal sequences. The expression vector composed of the galactose-inducible promoter GAL10, the natural 5'UTR, and the natural signal sequence of HSA directed the most efficient expression and secretion of HSA among the constructed vectors when introduced into several S. cerevisiae strains. Although the major form of HSA expressed and secreted in the yeast transformants was the mature form of 66 kDa, the truncated form of 45 kDa was also detected both in the cell extract and in the culture supernatant. The level of the intact HSA protein in the culture supernatant reached up to 30 mg/l at 24 h of cultivation in a shake-flask culture but began to decrease afterwards, indicating that the secreted HSA protein was unstable in a prolonged culture of yeast.
Evolution of the Monterey Bay Sea-Breeze Layer As Observed by Pulsed Doppler Lidar (1993)

As part of the Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX) to study the sea breeze at Monterey Bay, the pulsed Doppler lidar of the NOAA/ERL Wave Propagation Laboratory performed vertical and nearly horizontal scans of the developing sea breeze on 12 days. Analyses of Doppler velocity data from these scans revealed details on the growth of the sea-breeze layer and on the horizontal variability of the sea breeze resulting from inland topography. Two days were selected for study when the ambient flow was offshore, because the onshore flow of the sea breeze was easy to discern from the background flow. Sequences of vertical cross sections taken perpendicular to the coast showed the beginnings of the sea breeze beneath the land breeze at the coast and the subsequent growth of the sea-breeze layer horizontally and vertically. On one of the days a transient precursor—a “minor sea breeze”—appeared and disappeared before the main sea breeze began in midmorning. Other issues that the lidar was well suited to study were the compensating return flow, the Coriolis effect, the effects of topography, and the growth of the dimensions of the sea-breeze layer. No return flow above the sea breeze and no Coriolis turning of the sea-breeze flow were found even through the late afternoon hours. Terrain effects included an asymmetry in the development of the sea breeze over water as opposed to over land and the persistence into the late morning hours of southeasterly flow from the Salinas River valley toward the vicinity of the lidar. Vertical and horizontal dimensions of the sea-breeze layer were determined from lidar vertical cross sections. From these, length-to-width aspect ratios were calculated, which were then compared with aspect ratios derived from recent analytical models. The theoretical values compared poorly with the observed values, most likely because the complicating effects of topography and stability were not accounted for in the theoretical models.
Advances in Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 6 (1973)

"Advances in Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 6." Nuclear Science and Engineering, 50(3), pp. 308–309 Additional informationNotes on contributorsMelvin TobiasAbout the Reviewer: Melvin Tobias is a member of the staff of the Reactor Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory with broad interests in nuclear reactors, especially the neutronics of fusion reactors. Dr. Tobias did his undergraduate work at the College of the City of New York and completed his graduate studies in chemical engineering at Minnesota.
Rheological properties and thermal transitions in millable polyurethane fluoroelastomers (2004)

Abstract A series of segmented polyurethane fluoroelastomers based on dimethylol‐terminated perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), aliphatic diisocyanates and allyl functionality is presented. Depending on the type of diisocyanate monomer used, it was found that quite different prepolymer molecular weights were achieved. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed formation of polyphasic copolymers, either amorphous or semi‐crystalline depending on the monomer structure. Rheological measurements showed that much higher zero‐shear viscosity, a shorter Newtonian plateau and more marked shear thinning behaviour were achieved with polyurethanes based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or H 12 ‐MDI monomers. Isothermal viscosity curves were fitted with either three‐ or two‐parameter empirical models, and relaxation times of the structures were estimated at the temperature of 120 °C. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Open‐path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of SO<sub>2</sub>: An empirical error budget analysis, with implications for volcano monitoring (2001)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is increasingly used as a tool for volcano monitoring, allowing measurement of a range of gases including SO 2 , HCl, and HF. Retrievals are complicated, since the open‐path spectra are typically pressure broadened and contaminated hy atmospheric H 2 O, CO 2 , etc., and the field instruments employed have low spectral resolution (∼0.5 cm −1 ). We present a detailed analysis of 0.5 cm −1 resolution infrared spectra of certified SO 2 mixtures in order to assess the sensitivity of such instruments and the retrieval procedures used for field spectra. We investigate the effects on retrievals of the SO 2 V 1 +v 3 band (centered at 2499.87 cm −1 ) of varying the retrieval spectral window and background fit, and of errors in the instrument line shape (ILS), temperature, and pressure. Largest deviations in retrieved amounts result from errors in the ILS (1.5–2.1%) and temperature (2.9–3.0% for a 10 K change). The total error estimate associated with these factors is similar to the uncertainty in line parameter data. Overall, the retrieval accuracy was better than 5%, except for the lowest concentration spectra. Errors calculated in the retrieval algorithm were conservative enough to cover these accuracy limits. We estimate that in field spectra, SO 2 concentrations above 2.5 × 10 17 molecules cm −2 (100 ppm m at room temperature and pressure) should be measurable with high accuracy. These results are encouraging in the context of deployment of open‐path FTIR spectrometers for surveillance of active volcanoes, and the findings are equally applicable to other open‐path measurements of SO 2 , for example from anthropogenic sources.
Identification of two novel nonsense mutations in the transglutaminase 1 gene in a Hungarian patient with congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (2003)

Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) belongs together with lamellar ichthyosis (LI) to the group of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI). Mutations in the transglutaminase (TGase) 1 gene (TGM1) have been identified in several families with LI and in some families with CIE. We report a case of CIE with two new nonsense mutations: a C7780G transversion in exon 11 resulting in a premature stop codon at aminoacid residue Y503X and a C8533G transversion in exon 13 leading to a nonsense mutation at S669X. These mutations were also identified in a heterozygous pattern in the unaffected parents. These two termination-codons result in the translation of a truncated protein at the C-terminal end domain of the TGM 1 molecule. B.C1 monoclonal antibody failed to detect TGase 1 in the patient's skin sample, and TGase activity measured by monodansyl cadaverine-incorporation showed the reduced TGase activity at the distribution of TGase 1 in the epidermis.
Dendrite-specific remodeling of <i>Drosophila</i> sensory neurons requires matrix metalloproteases, ubiquitin-proteasome, and ecdysone signaling (2005)

During neuronal maturation, dendrites develop from immature neurites into mature arbors. In response to changes in the environment, dendrites from certain mature neurons can undergo large-scale morphologic remodeling. Here, we show a group of Drosophila peripheral sensory neurons, the class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) neurons, that completely degrade and regrow their elaborate dendrites. Larval dendrites of C4da neurons are first severed from the soma and subsequently degraded during metamorphosis. This process is controlled by both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms: The ecdysone pathway and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are cell-intrinsic signals that initiate dendrite breakage, and extracellular matrix metalloproteases are required to degrade the severed dendrites. Surprisingly, C4da neurons retain their axonal projections during concurrent dendrite degradation, despite activated ecdysone and UPS pathways. These results demonstrate that, in response to environmental changes, certain neurons have cell-intrinsic abilities to completely lose their dendrites but keep their axons and subsequently regrow their dendritic arbors.
Graph-Based Iterative Gaussian Detection with Soft Channel Estimation for MIMO Systems (2011)

Conventionally, the uncertainties of channel coefficients are neglected, that is the estimated values of channel coefficients are taken as the true values in the stage of data detection. In the communications community, it is still an open question how to take into account the channel uncertainty for data detection/decoding, especially in a low-complexity manner. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity receiver algorithm which utilizes soft channel information. Channel coefficients are treated as variables and estimated in an element-wise manner. Their uncertainties are represented by the variances. Instead of performing channel estimation and data detection in a separate manner, this algorithm does everything in one stage, i.e., channel estimation and data detection/decoding are carried out simultaneously over a general factor graph. The feasibility of this algorithm is verified by means of Monte-Carlo simulations both in bit error ratio (BER) and channel estimation mean squared error (MSE). 1
Cognitive pilot channel: A radio enabler for spectrum awareness and optimized radio resource management (2009)

Today's wireless communications landscape is characterized by the coexistence of a plethora of disparate radio access technologies (RATs), which exhibit varying features in terms of capacity and coverage capabilities, mobility support etc. and also offer a great number of applications and services to different types of devices. In such a miscellaneous environment, mobile terminals are provided with a great set of options while setting up the parameters of their operation including among others the RAT, carrier frequency, and must also take into account the latest trend towards a flexible spectrum framework in heterogeneous radio access networks (RANs). As a result, in order to implement the optimal action, a mobile terminal needs to be enabled to acquire knowledge of its environment and established policies. Apart from mobilizing a rather time- and power-consuming operation such as spectrum sensing, the Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) concept has been proposed as a solution for providing the terminal with the necessary radio awareness at a given time and place, in a possible flexible spectrum management context. Framed within the above, this paper, developed within the E 3 project, aims at describing the CPC concept by showcasing its twofold role. First, as an enabler of the switch-on process for assisting the mobile terminal to camp onto the network side and second, as an enabler of an efficient decentralized and network-assisted radio resource management during the on-going communication phase.