gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A GPU-based convolutional neural network approach for image classification (2017)

Deep learning obtains successful results in solving many machine learning problems. In this study, image classification process is performed by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which is the most used architecture of deep learning. Image classification is used in a lot of basic field like medicine, education and security. Conditions that correct classification has vital importance may be especially in medicine field. Therefore, improved methods are needed in this issue. Although several algorithms for image classification have been developed over the years, they have not been used with the discovery of Convolutional Neural Networks. Convolutional Neural Networks provide better results than existing methods in the literature due to advantages such as processing by extracting hidden features, allowing parallel processing thanks to parallel structure, and real time operation. Furthermore, we use Convolutional Neural Networks in the proposed method. In this study, the image classification process is performed by using like a LeNet network model. The caffe library, which is often used for deep learning, is utilized. Our method is trained and tested with images of cats and dogs taken from the kaggle dataset. 10.000 tagged data is used for training and 5.000 unlabeled data is used for testing. Owing to Convolutional Neural Networks allow parallel processing, GPU technology has been used. In our method is used GPU technology and classification is evaluated with acceptable accuracy rate and speed performance.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of MNT (2014)

The machining allowance and chip thickness can be reduced to less than approximately 1 μm in ultraprecision manufacturing such as single point diamond turning (SPDT). Metal surfaces can be finished under precisely controlled machine and environmental conditions. Accuracies of, respectively, 10 and 1 nm have been attained in practice and under experimental conditions (aided by advanced control techniques). Under the highly precise motion of such a machine tool, the primary factor affecting machining accuracy is the controllability or repeatability of the thickness of cut, that is, the undeformed chip thickness effectively removed at the cutting edge. Experiments with a specially prepared fine diamond cutting tool used on such a machine tool have confirmed that very fine chips, of undeformed thickness as small as 1 nm, can be removed in the turning of some highly machineable work materials. However, the accuracy attainable, and mechanisms such as chip formation and surface generation in microcutting are still not well understood, owing to the limitations in availability of experimental and measurement techniques, and in analytic methods for studying such machining conditions. Micro & nanocutting that occurs in a small region which contains only a few layers of molecules can consequently be atomistic, or discrete in nature, rather than continuous, as is assumed in conventional continuum mechanics. In studies of such atomistic processes, which are difficult to investigate experimentally, computer simulation by molecular techniques is useful. Further advancements in the machining technology can be aided through a theoretical understanding of micro & nanomachining. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, like other simulation techniques can play a significant role in addressing a number of machining problems at the atomic scale. It may be noted that atomic simulations are providing new data and exciting insights into various phenomenon in micro & nanomanufacturing processes that cannot be obtained readily by any other theory or experiment. The diversity of these processes renders difficult of using a generalized theoretical analysis of micro & nanomachining, however, the methods of molecular dynamics are becoming increasingly attractive for studies of micromachining, especially as the technology advances toward the shaping of parts in the nanometric range. The foundations of molecular dynamics that are needed for theoretical treatments of micromachining therefore form the basis of MNT. Several such analyzing of micro & nanomachining have been developed. In this chapter, the principle of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on micro & nanomachining and the procedures used to determine the accuracies attainable are described. As noted above, the case of diamond machining and chemical mechanical polishing are used to illustrate the technique, although molecular dynamics is now being increasingly used in studies of many other methods of micro & nanomachining.
miR-155 and its star-form partner miR-155* cooperatively regulate type I interferon production by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2010)

The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has revealed a new layer of gene expression regulation, affecting the immune system. Here, we identify their roles in regulating human plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) activation. miRNA profiling showed the significantly differential expression of 19 miRNAs in PDCs after Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) stimulation, among which miR-155* and miR-155 were the most highly induced. Although they were processed from a single precursor and were both induced by TLR7 through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, miR-155* and miR-155 had opposite effects on the regulation of type I interferon production by PDC. Further study indicated that miR-155* augmented interferon-α/β expression by suppressing IRAKM, whereas miR-155 inhibited their expression by targeting TAB2. Kinetic analysis of miR-155* and miR-155 induction revealed that miR-155* was mainly induced in the early stage of stimulation, and that miR-155 was mainly induced in the later stage, suggesting their cooperative involvement in PDC activation. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-155* and miR-155 were inversely regulated by autocrine/paracrine type I interferon and TLR7-activated KHSRP at the posttranscriptional level, which led to their different dynamic induction by TLR7. Thus, our study identified and validated novel miRNA-protein networks involved in regulating PDC activation.
Inorganic—Protein Interactions in the Synthesis of a Ferrimagnetic Nanocomposite (1995)

The iron-storage protein ferritin provides a spatially constrained reaction environment within a catalytically active bio-polymer. These properties have facilitated the synthesis of a ferrimagnetic iron oxide-protein composite, formed by tailoring conditions for the synthesis of magnetite. The controlled partial oxidation of Fe(II), at high pH and elevated temperature, in the presence of apo-ferritin resulted in the formation of a colloidal composite with a narrow particle size distribution. This material combines characteristics of both the protein and the inorganic phase. Direct magnetic measurements indicated 13,100 Bohr magnetons per particle. Electron and x-ray diffraction data indicated the presence of a cubic iron oxide mineral phase but could not distinguish between magnetite and maghemite. Data from Mössbauer spectroscopy, measured both in the presence and absence of an applied field as well as at low temperature, suggested that the predominant mineral phase was maghemite rather than magnetite
Fibrinopeptide A: a marker of acute coronary thrombosis. (1985)

To determine whether coronary thrombosis in vivo is reflected by elevations in levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in plasma, we sequentially characterized plasma FPA levels associated with evolving infarction in patients admitted to the cardiac care unit early after the onset of symptoms, in patients with transmural infarction admitted later, and in patients with nontransmural infarction. Studies were also performed in patients in whom the diagnosis of infarction was suspected but subsequently excluded. FPA values were significantly higher in patients with transmural infarction (42.3 +/- 11.2 ng/ml [mean +/- SEM], n = 53) compared with those in patients with nontransmural infarction (4.8 +/- 1.6 ng/ml, n = 17) or with those in patients in whom infarction was subsequently excluded as a diagnosis (3.5 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, n = 17, p less than .01 for both). Elevations in FPA level were greatest in patients with transmural infarction from whom samples were obtained soon after the onset of symptoms. Thus, in 39 patients from samples were obtained within 10 hr after the onset of symptoms, FPA levels were significantly higher than in 14 patients from whom samples were obtained initially more than 10 hr after the onset of symptoms (55.5 +/- 14.7 vs 4.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, p less than .01). In 30 of the 39 patients with evolving transmural infarction from whom samples were obtained within the first 10 hr after the onset of symptoms, the level of FPA was greater than 8 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pharmacogenetic, pharmacogenomics and translational medicine (2020)

The endorsement of modern medications has moderated altogether over the past years. In arrange to quicken the improvement of unused compounds, novel approaches in sedate improvement are required. Translational pharmaceutical or investigate, an developing teach on the wilderness of fundamental science and therapeutic hone, has the potential to upgrade the speed and productivity of the medicate advancement handle through the utilization of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
College Goals Studies By Special Committee (2010)

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: News
Cyclic guanidines. VI. Synthesis of hypoglycemic tricyclic guanidines. (1979)

Synthesis of linear and angular tricyclic guanidine derivatives, imidazo- or pyrimido-[2, 1-b]- or [1, 2-a] quinazoline derivatives, is described. Cyclization of 2-(ω-chloroalkyl)-4-phenyl-3, 4-dihydroquinazolines (9) gave two isomers and their isolation was troublesome. 2-Aminobenzhydrylaminoalkanols (10) obtained from 2-aminobenzophenone (5) were converted to linear tricyclic guanidine derivatives (3, 12, 13, 14, 15), and other tricyclic compounds (22 and 24) containing an oxygen or a sulfur atom. Reaction of 2-benzoylaminoalkanols (26) obtaired from (5) also gave angular products. Most of the tricyclic guanidine derivatives showed a hypoglycemic activity.
Metabolic response to MMS-mediated DNA damage in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>is dependent on the glucose concentration in the medium (2009)

Maintenance and adaptation of energy metabolism could play an important role in the cellular ability to respond to DNA damage. A large number of studies suggest that the sensitivity of cells to oxidants and oxidative stress depends on the activity of cellular metabolism and is dependent on the glucose concentration. In fact, yeast cells that utilize fermentative carbon sources and hence rely mainly on glycolysis for energy appear to be more sensitive to oxidative stress. Here we show that treatment of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing on a glucose-rich medium with the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) triggers a rapid inhibition of respiration and enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is accompanied by a strong suppression of glycolysis. Further, diminished activity of pyruvate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase upon MMS treatment leads to a diversion of glucose carbon to glycerol, trehalose and glycogen accumulation and an increased flux through the pentose-phosphate pathway. Such conditions finally result in a significant decline in the ATP level and energy charge. These effects are dependent on the glucose concentration in the medium. Our results clearly demonstrate that calorie restriction reduces MMS toxicity through increased respiration and reduced ROS accumulation, enhancing the survival and recovery of cells.
Molecular Determinants of Neutrophil Adhesion (1990)

"Molecular Determinants of Neutrophil Adhesion." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 2(6), pp. 487–489
A review of electrical impedance techniques for breast cancer detection (2003)

Some evidence has been found that malignant breast tumors have lower electrical impedance than surrounding normal tissues. Although the separation of malignant tumors from benign lesions based on impedance measurements needs further investigation, electrical impedance could be used as an indicator for breast cancer detection. In this paper, we provide a systematic technical review of the existing electrical impedance techniques proposed for breast cancer detection, with an emphasis on noninvasive impedance imaging techniques. The electrical impedance of human breast tissue is first introduced, with tabulation of previous in vitro impedance measurement results on cancerous and normal breast tissues, and a brief description on the limited in vivo impedance measurements completed with invasive, or noninvasive, non-imaging techniques. A detailed review on noninvasive impedance imaging techniques for breast cancer detection, such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and electrical impedance mapping (EIM), is then presented. We suggest that for better breast cancer detection, an invasive impedance technique may be enhanced by combination with other cancer indicators. 3D EIT should be improved through collective efforts. EIM using a pair of electrode arrays is a viable method with great potential. Magnetic induction tomography and other magnetic induction based impedance imaging for breast cancer detection are promising and merit further exploration as well.
Shared buffer memory switch for an ATM exchange (1993)

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch architecture called a shared buffer memory switch whose output cell buffers are shared among all the output ports of the switch is proposed. Experimental measurements and a discussion about the traffic characteristics of the switch architecture are carried out to determine how much buffer memory will be reduced through buffer sharing under various traffic conditions and to roughly estimate how many buffers are needed for the switch to meet certain requirements. The resultant estimate shows that buffer sharing reduces the necessary buffer memory to less than 1/5 of what would otherwise be required, and the required buffer size is about 128 cells/output for a 32*32 switch when considering bursty traffic conditions. LSI implementation is also discussed to show that a 32*32 switch can be composed of about 12 chips mounted on one printed board.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical Features, Prognosis and Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (2007)

Follicular lymphoma constitutes the most frequent indolent lymphoma, well characterized by its clinical presentation related to nodal involvement and its morphologic and biologic features. Some rare locations of extranodal involvement, such as the gastrointestinal tract or skin, were recently further refined. The description of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) represents an important step in identifying patient subgroups with predictable outcome and comparing the results of clinical trials, although its use in clinical practice remains to be established. Analyses of gene expression profiles or constitutive gene variations may also provide additional insights for prognostication in the near future. Furthermore, these data underline the complex interactions between the tumor cells and their microenvironment; recent attempts to translate these findings with immunohistochemical studies remain unable to robustly predict patient outcome. The therapeutic strategies in follicular lymphoma have been transformed by monoclonal antibodies, used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Treatment options should be adapted to the clinical features at diagnosis and appear to be able to modify the overall survival of some subgroups of patients. Further efforts may focus on strategies that can alter the natural history of this disease.
Emerging targets for the treatment of depressive disorder (2001)

New agents offering novel mechanisms of action are required in the treatment of depressive disorder. Established agents targeting monoamine systems are unsatisfactory because of full and partial treatment resistance, delay in the onset of their effect and the occurrence of side effects. The monoamine hypothesis of depression is now recognised to provide an incomplete explanation of the pathophysiology of depression. New theories have recently developed and new targets for treatment have emerged. We briefly review some important candidate systems and therapeutic targets in depression: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and the glucocorticoid and corticotrophin-releasing factor receptors, synaptic plasticity and neurotrophins and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The putative role of the neuropeptides substance P and neuropeptide Y, the nicotinic system and the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids are also reviewed. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation, serendipitous advances in treatment, are discussed briefly.
Supplementation with Evelle® improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with 62 women (2004)

Evelle can potentially improve visible signs of cutaneous ageing.
Intensive care unit management in liver transplant recipients: beneficial effect on survival and preservation of quality of life* (1997)

Determinants of outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and quality of life in survivors was prospectively assessed in 50 consecutive liver transplant recipients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. Variables assessed included demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, measures of severity of illness (Child-Pugh, Apache II, and organ system failure scores) and quality of life measures (physical functioning, perceived quality of life, stress, depression, and adaptive coping). Overall ICU survival was 82% (41/50). Nonsurvivors had significantly higher acute physiology scores (p = 0.03). Apache II score (p = 0.03), Karnofsky score (p = 0.01) and serum bilirubin (p = 0.05) on admission than survivors. Nonalert mental status (p = 0.0002), hypothermia (p = 0.035) and hypotension (p = 0.027) on admission were significantly associated with mortality. During the ICU stay, requirement of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.02), duration of ventilation (p = 0.01), requirement of dialysis (p = 0.0005), development of pulmonary infiltrates (p = 0.0001) and infections in the ICU (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with mortality. Requirement of mechanical ventilation was an independently significant predictor of mortality (with mechanical ventilation, dialysis and infections in the logistic regression analysis model). There was no difference in post-discharge quality of life (as assessed by the perceived quality of life, stress, depression, and coping scores) in survivors of ICU stay as compared with patients who never required ICU care. Our study suggests that the ICU management can have a positive impact on outcome for liver transplant recipients. If they survive (and 82% did in this study), their quality of life is unaffected and as good as those whose postoperative course was not complicated by a critical illness requiring ICU care.
Sand Stresses Around a Wellbore (1982)

Abstract We have studied theoretically the stresses in a poorly consolidated sand around a cylindrical well, assuming axial symmetry. Applying theories of elasticity and plasticity on this three-dimensional (3D) model, analytical solutions for all three stress components have been worked out. The existence of a plastic zone around an uncased wellbore is confirmed, and the size of the zone is determined. When allowing an incompressible fluid to flow radially into the wellbore, a stability criterion describing the failure of the sand is found to exist. This criterion relates fluid flow forces to rock strength properties. Consideration also has been given to the stress distribution around a cased hole. It is shown that a decrease in the size of the plastic zone relative to an uncased hole occurs.
Optical crossover phenomenon due to a central 90°-twist defect in a chiral sculptured thin film or chiral liquid crystal (2005)

We present a theoretical analysis of a remarkable phenomenon evinced by a periodic structurally chiral material—for example, a chiral sculptured thin film (STF) or a chiral liquid crystal—with a central 90°-twist defect illuminated with normally incident, circularly polarized light. Based on the coupled-wave theory (CWT), an approximate but closed-form solution of the relevant boundary-value problem is obtained in terms of a 4 × 4 CWT transmission matrix. The CWT transmission matrix is decomposed into two terms. The first term favours total transmission in the central part of the Bragg regime of the axially excited, structurally chiral material, while the second term favours total reflection in the whole Bragg regime. When the thickness of the structurally chiral material is relatively small, the second term is dominated by the first, which gives rise to a co-handed transmittance peak in the centre of the Bragg regime. As the thickness increases, the second term becomes significant and interferes with the first term such that the transmission matrix is isomorphic to that of a defect-free structurally chiral material—except in a tiny wavelength-regime wherein the L ∞ -norms of the two terms become identical to engender the total-reflection feature. Hence, the co-handed transmittance peak diminishes (and eventually vanishes) as the thickness increases and is replaced by a cross-handed reflectance peak. The bandwidths of the two peaks depend, in different ways, on the local birefringence of the structurally chiral material.
Monitoring blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. (2000)

T he overall aim of the NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme is to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and work in the NHS. Research is undertaken in those areas where the evidence will lead to the greatest benefits to patients, either through improved patient outcomes or the most efficient use of NHS resources.
The Trifunctional Sulfate-activating Complex (SAC) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

The sulfate activation pathway is essential for the assimilation of sulfate and, in many bacteria, is comprised of three reactions: the synthesis of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), the hydrolysis of GTP, and the 3'-phosphorylation of APS to produce 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), whose sulfuryl group is reduced or transferred to other metabolites. The entire sulfate activation pathway is organized into a single complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although present in many bacteria, these tripartite complexes have not been studied in detail. Initial rate characterization of the mycobacterial system reveals that it is poised for extremely efficient throughput: at saturating ATP, PAPS synthesis is 5800 times more efficient than APS synthesis. The APS kinase domain of the complex does not appear to form the covalent E.P intermediate observed in the closely related APS kinase from Escherichia coli. The stoichiometry of GTP hydrolysis and APS synthesis is 1:1, and the APS synthesis reaction is driven 1.1 x 10(6)-fold further during GTP hydrolysis; the system harnesses the full chemical potential of the hydrolysis reaction to the synthesis of APS. A key energy-coupling step in the mechanism is a ligand-induced isomerization that enhances the affinity of GTP and commits APS synthesis and GTP hydrolysis to the completion of the catalytic cycle. Ligand-induced increases in guanine nucleotide affinity observed in the mycobacterial system suggest that it too undergoes the energy-coupling isomerization.