gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of heterozygosity in human ductal breast tumors indicates a recessive mutation on chromosome 13. (1987)

The genotypes at chromosomal loci defined by recombinant DNA probes revealing restriction fragment length polymorphisms were determined in constitutional and tumor tissue from 10 cases of ductal breast cancer: eight premenopausal females and two males. Somatic loss of constitutional heterozygosity was observed at loci on chromosome 13 in primary tumor tissue from three females and one male. In two cases, specific loss of heterozygosity at three distinct genetic loci along the length of the chromosome was observed. In another case, concurrent loss of alleles at loci on chromosomes 2, 13, 14, and 20 was detected, whereas a fourth case showed loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 5 and 13. In each instance, the data were consistent with loss of one of the homologous chromosomes by mitotic nondisjunction. Analysis of loci on several other chromosomes showed retention of constitutional heterozygosity suggesting the relative specificity of the events. In contrast, similar analyses of other breast cancers, including comedocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and juvenile secretory carcinoma, showed no loss of alleles at loci on chromosome 13. These data indicate that the pathogenesis of ductal breast cancer may, in a substantial proportion of cases, involve unmasking of a recessive locus on chromosome 13 and suggest the involvement of such a locus in heritable forms of this disease.
Phosphorylation of nucleic acid by an enzyme from T4 bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay detection of a soluble form of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in vivo. (1995)

The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA-R, CD87) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored 50 to 65 kD glycoprotein that, by regulating membrane-associated plasmin activity, may facilitate the invasion of inflammatory and malignant cells. Certain other GPI-anchored glycoproteins are shed from the cell membrane and exist as soluble products in vitro and in vivo. To determine if uPA-R undergoes a similar phenomenon, we have developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) (using a rabbit antiserum as both capture and detection reagents) to measure the quantity of soluble uPA-R (suPA-R) in tissue culture supernatants and biologic fluids. Using this ELISA, we have detected suPA-R in the culture supernatants of U-937 cells and human monocytes stimulated in vitro by certain soluble inflammatory mediators (Sitrin et al, Blood 84:1268, 1994; Mizukami et al., Clin Res 42:115A, 1994). To determine if suPA-R exists in vivo, we have screened the plasma of 20 normal volunteers (mean +/- SD, 3 +/- 3 ng/mL; median, 2 ng/mL; range, 1 to 11 ng/mL [serum values slightly higher]); the plasma of 13 ICU patients with clinical sepsis syndrome (mean +/- SD, 30 +/- 11 ng/mL; median, 11 ng/mL; range, 4 to 221 ng/mL); and the extravascular fluids (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal) of 84 individuals with presumed inflammatory or malignant conditions (mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 39 ng/mL; median, 10 ng/mL; range, 2 to 253 ng/mL). Among the latter specimens, most were inflammatory exudates (only six were malignant by positive cytology) with the highest quantities of suPA-R associated with neutrophilic exudates. The solubility of suPA-R contained within these fluids was confirmed by reanalysis after ultracentrifugation to remove particulate material. When tested in a uPA ligand capture ELISA, representative specimens of extravascular body fluids and sepsis plasma contained suPA-R capable of binding uPA ligand (generally representing a small fraction of the immunoreactive material). We conclude from these data that suPA-R is immunologically detectable in vitro and in vivo with high concentrations of receptor found under conditions of inflammatory stimulation. The possibility of suPA-R's biologic activity is suggested by its partial retention of ligand binding capacity.
Core-shell CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots assembled on short ZnO nanowires with enhanced photo-conversion efficiency (2009)

A novel quantum-dot-based solar cell assembly consisting of core-shell Zn-doped CuInS2@ZnS (Zn-CIS@ZnS) quantum dots associated with short ZnO (5 μm in length) nanowires was developed and systematically investigated in terms of its nanostructure and optical properties, associated with corresponding solar cell parameters, i.e., VOC, JSC, fill factor (FF). In this investigation, the photo-conversion efficiency of the Zn-CIS-based solar cells without the presence of the ZnS shell can be readily tuned by controlling the Zn/Cu ratio. Furthermore, the efficiency was significantly improved upon the deposition of a thin ZnS shell on these Zn-CIS QDs, where a significant enhancement in short-circuit current density (JSC) by 88% was observed because the ZnS coating is able to effectively eliminate excited electron recombination and enhance the charge transfer efficiency from Zn-CIS QDs to ZnO nanowires. Power-conversion efficiency as high as 0.71% can be attained, which is improved more than 2–3 times compared with that without ZnS coating. Such a unique nanoarchitecture through coupling with both core-shell QDs and short ZnO nanowires suggests a promising design for a quantum dot-based solar cell with considerably improved power-conversion efficiency.
Keap1-Nrf2 signaling activation by Bardoxolone-methyl ameliorates high glucose-induced oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2020)

In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) high glucose (HG) stimulation will lead to significant cell death. Bardoxolone-methyl (BARD) is a NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonist. In this study we show that BARD, at only nM concentrations, activated Nrf2 signaling in HUVECs. BARD induced Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation, increasing expression of antioxidant response element (ARE) genes. BARD pretreatment in HUVECs inhibited HG-induced reactive oxygen species production, oxidative injury and cell apoptosis. Nrf2 shRNA or knockout (using a CRISPR/Cas9 construct) reversed BARD-induced cytoprotection in HG-stimulated HUVECs. Conversely, forced activation of Nrf2 cascade by Keap1 shRNA mimicked BARD's activity and protected HUVECs from HG. Importantly, BARD failed to offer further cytoprotection against HG in the Keap1-silened HUVECs. Taken together, Keap1-Nrf2 cascade activation by BARD protects HUVECs from HG-induced oxidative injury.
Platelet Aggregation in Platelet-Rich Plasma and Whole Blood in 120 Patients with Myeloproliferative Disorders (1991)

In vitro platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and in whole blood (WB) was assessed in 31 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis, 32 with essential thrombocytosis, 23 with polycythemia vera, and 34 with chronic myelogenous leukemia. In PRP most subjects showed normal or reduced platelet aggregation, whereas in WB the majority of patients showed increased platelet function. Spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was observed frequently in WB, whereas it was seldom observed in PRP. SPA in WB was inhibited by in vitro addition of aspirin and apyrase, and SPA was only partially dependent on high platelet count because it also occurred in samples with normal platelet content (at variance with 13 subjects with reactive thrombocytosis, in which SPA was observed only in samples with high platelet concentration). Platelets from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis had the highest tendency to undergo SPA.
Metabolism of Some Polyols by<i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> (1970)

The utilization of d-mannitol, d-arabitol, and d-sorbitol by Rhizobium meliloti was studied in extracts from mannitol-grown cells. Two different polyol dehydrogenases were induced by any of these polyols: (i) a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-arabitol dehydrogenase and (ii) a NAD-sorbitol dehydrogenase, whereas polyol phosphate dehydrogenases were absent. d-Arabitol dehydrogenase was observed to act on both d-arabitol and d-mannitol, but d-sorbitol dehydrogenase acted specifically on d-sorbitol. d-Arabitol was oxidized to d-xylulose, d-mannitol and d-sorbitol were oxidized to d-fructose. An adenosine triphosphate-linked hexokinase which acts on d-fructose and absence of hexose isomerase were also detected in this organism.
Chapter 16. Copper (1995)

D. W. Smith, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem., 1995, 92, 227 DOI: 10.1039/IC9959200227
Hydroboration. 71. Hydroboration of representative heterocyclic olefins with borane-methyl sulfide, 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, dicyclohexylborane, and disiamylborane. Synthesis of heterocyclic alcohols (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroboration. 71. Hydroboration of representative heterocyclic olefins with borane-methyl sulfide, 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, dicyclohexylborane, and disiamylborane. Synthesis of heterocyclic alcoholsHerbert C. Brown, J. V. N. Vara Prasad, and Sheng Hsu ZeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 10, 1582–1589Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00210a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00210a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1618Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interaction of Proteins with Lipid Rafts Through Glycolipid-Binding Domains:Biochemical Background and Potential Therapeutic Applications (2007)

The wide biochemical diversity of glycolipids in membranes explains why these molecules are often selected by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, prions) as primary sites of interactions with the cell surface. Moreover, glycolipids concentrate into cholesterol/glycolipid-rich microdomains where they can reach high local concentrations consistent with the multivalent attachment of pathogens on the cell surface. Finally, recent studies have shown that glycolipids could also modulate protein conformation. This chaperone activity of glycolipids has been associated with various pathogenic processes including HIV infection, prion propagation, and amyloid aggregation in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob's diseases. Despite the potential interest for drugs mimicking glycolipid structure and function, the physicochemical properties of authentic glycolipids suggested that it might be difficult to obtain synthetic glycolipid analogues able to neutralise those pathogens before they could reach the cell surface. Recent data obtained with mono-, di-, and tri-hexosylceramide (GalCer, LacCer and Gb(3)) have proven that this was absolutely not the case and that highly active inhibitors could be designed through slight modifications of glycolipid structure. Biochemical studies of glycolipid-protein interactions have highlighted the importance of CH-pi stacking interactions between galactosyl head groups of the glycolipid and aromatic amino acids of the protein. The discovery of this unique mechanism of interaction may allow a rational strategy for the design and synthesis of glycolipid-based molecules as new anti-infectious and/or anti-amyloidogenesis compounds. This strategy, which takes into account the hierarchical organisation of glycolipids into discrete membrane microdomains as well as their association with cholesterol, is discussed in the present review.
Cu(II) adsorption mechanism on pyrite: an XAFS and XPS study (2000)

The surface of a <38 µm ground fraction of pyrite was analysed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps), x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES) prior to and after Cu(II) adsorption under different pH and Cu(II) concentration conditions. Under all conditions copper is found to be coordinated to sulphur on the surface of pyrite with an average bond length of 2.27±0.02 Å. A Cu–O bond with a length of 2.00 Å due to Cu(OH)2 precipitation was also observed for a sample with copper adsorbed at pH 8.5 from a solution initially containing 2.84 × 10−4 mol m−2 Cu (all concentrations given are normalized against the surface area of pyrite in solution). The Cu 2p XPS signals for the samples with adsorbed copper show the presence of Cu(I) ions on the pyrite surfaces in all cases. For the 2.84 × 10−4 mol m−2 Cu solution at pH 8.5 the pyrite was observed to have both a Cu(I) and a Cu(II) XPS component. The ground pyrite surfaces showed increases in the oxidized S22− (Eb = 163.5 eV) signal on copper adsorption with minor increases in Fe(III) oxy- or hydroxy-species observed on pyrite surfaces exposed to long periods of adsorption. It is proposed that the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) on the surface of the pyrite is accompanied by the oxidation of the S22− species present in the pyrite surface. Solution analysis in conjunction with surface analysis has indicated that a 1 : 1 exchange of Fe(II) ions for Cu(II) ions did not occur during copper adsorption and thus an ion-exchange mechanism is ruled out. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal annealing of magneto-optical (Cd,Mn)Te waveguide for wider operation wavelength range of optical isolator (2005)

Several Cd/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/Te (x = 0.225) core waveguides with graded-refractive-index (x = 0.225 - 0.26) layers are grown at 300/spl deg/C by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and annealed in the MBE chamber at different temperatures between 400/spl deg/C and 450/spl deg/C for 5 min. The post-growth annealing results in a wider wavelength range (between 710 nm and 735 nm) of the complete mode conversion ratio of the waveguides. The low optical propagation loss, high magneto-optical figure of merit and an isolation effect of annealed waveguides are also examined. The results of this experiment demonstrate the feasibility of (Cd,Mn)Te waveguide for the practical waveguide optical isolator.
Domain tip propagation logic (1966)

A new thin film technique is described which has implications for use in a network of all-magnetic logic. The technique, called domain tip propagation logic (DTPL), makes use of the controlled growth of domains within low coercive force channels imbedded in a film element of generally high coercive force. Information is stored within regions of the low coercive force channels in the form of domains of reversed magnetization and propagated through the channels under the influence of an applied field by expansion of the domains at the domain tips. The direction of domain tip propagation can be controlled and the mutual interaction between domain tips within channels brought into proximity of each other. The direction of domain tip propagation is sensitive to the magnitude and direction of the applied field. This has made it possible to design new types of thin film shift registers which are of essentially unlimited length and high storage density and speed. Experimental DTPL shift registers with linear bit densities of 100 bits per inch have been constructed and operated with 300-ns clock pulses. As a result of these tests, it appears that the construction of multimegacycle DTPL shift registers with storage densities of the order of several thousands of bits per square inch is feasible. Magnetostatic interactions between channeled domain tips make any combinational operation possible and lead quite naturally to the construction of all the usual logic elements in a variety of ways. Information transfer is possible with what is essentially unlimited fan-out so that there is no need for regeneration in building up large complexes of logic. The restriction of reversal of the magnetization to small regions of film permits a high density of memory and logic elements. The principles of operation of various devices utilizing DTPL are described, as well as the techniques of device fabrication. Some of the static and dynamic properties of channeled domain tips which are pertinent to the operation of the devices presented will be discussed.
DICHLORO-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATO)TITANIUM(IV) AS AN EFFECTIVE PROMOTER IN THE CLAISEN ESTER CONDENSATION (1984)

Abstract Inter- and intra-molecular condensation (the Claisen and the Dieckmann condensations) between ester functions have been effected by the combined use of dichloro-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)titanium(IV) and tertiary amine under mild conditions.
Localization of blood proteins thrombospondin1 and ADAMTS13 to cerebral corpora amylacea (2009)

Corpora amylacea (CA) have long been described in aging brains and in patients with neurodegenerative conditions, but their origins have been debated. It has been proposed that CA represent collections of nervous system breakdown products that accumulate within astrocytic cytoplasm. In support of this, studies have shown that CA include glycosylated material, ubiquitin, and an assortment of proteins derived from neuronal cytoplasm. On the other hand, many of these proteins are not specifically localized to neurons or astrocytes; some components of CA, such as complement proteins, are most abundantly expressed outside the central nervous system. The characteristic predilection for CA to accumulate near vessels and ependyma suggests that proteins extravasated from blood or transudated from CSF may form a component of these structures. In this study, we report the immunohistochemical localization of blood and platelet proteins thrombospondin1 and ADAMTS13 in CA from aged individuals and patients with vascular dementia. Thrombospondin1 localized to neurons, but was most prominently localized to CA. An independent serum and platelet expressed protein, ADAMTS13, was found in CA in the same brain regions. In vitro analysis shows that thrombospondin1 and ADAMTS13 form complexes together in cells and in direct protein binding assays. We speculate that CA could result from a conglomeration of interacting proteins from degenerating neurons and from extravasated blood elements released after transient breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.
Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration (2013)

This document describes the minimal set of rules to operate a
[IEEE802154e] Timeslotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) network. This minimal
mode of operation can be used during network bootstrap, as a fallback
mode of operation when no dynamic scheduling solution is available or
functioning, or during early interoperability testing and development.
An efficient and convenient synthesis of 5‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐<sup>14</sup>C‐1‐triazeno)‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide (1979)

Abstract Reaction of dimethylamine‐ 14 C with a four‐fold molar excess of 5‐doazoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide in methanol followed by column chromatography of the product on basic alumina afforded 5‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐ 14 C‐1‐triazeno)imidazole‐4‐carboxamide in 70–75% yield and greater than 99.9% radiochemical purity. The preparation is suitable for chemical and biological mechanistic studies.
Efficient blocking of planar defects by prismatic stacking faults in semipolar (112¯2)-GaN layers on m-sapphire by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2011)

For the next-generation solid state lighting, the production of high quality semipolar (112¯2) GaN layers on sapphire obtained using asymmetric epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) method has been investigated. This type of ELO leads to efficient blocking of the basal stacking faults (BSFs) in the bulk, and enables the formation of nondefective layers at the surface. The BSFs terminate due to generation of prismatic stacking faults along a well defined boundary. The corresponding intensity of GaN band edge photoluminescence emission is increased by more than four orders of magnitude in comparison to that from semipolar templates.
H-shaped Vertical Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor on Insulator (2009)

We introduce a new design of vertical fully depleted type of the polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) on insulator thin film transistor (TFT). This new structure fabricated based on polysilicon is characterized by vertical channels, an H-shaped geometry and also a technology similar to classical silicon on insulator (SOI) one. In practice, the design corresponding to a FinFET one is close to multigate SOI MOSFET and thus requires less area than planar design. It allows increasing easily the channel width simultaneously to better control and reduction of channel length, leading to an increase of the average driven current and device densities. This paper describes the low temperature fabrication process of this new structure that is compatible with SOI or glass substrates. A first run involving simple plastics masks allowed electrical characterizations of the transistors, mainly output and transfer characteristics that are discussed, confirming the potentiality of such a structure.
LX.—Thiophosphoryl fluoride (1888)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
A Colour Atlas of Cucurbit Diseases: Observation, Identification and Control (1995)

Diagnosis of parasitic and non-parasitic diseases Irregularities and changes in leaves Deformations on leaves Discoloration of leaves Spots on leaves Wilted leaves Dessicated leaves Irregularities and changes in roots External/internal irregularities and changes in the stem Irregularities and changes in flowers and fruits Main characteristics of pathogenic agents Control methods Bacteria Fungi: Fungi affecting the leaves, Fungi responsible for fruit rot, Fungi and nematodes attacking principally the roots, collar and stem, Vascular fungi Viruses transmitted by fungi, Viruses transmitted by aphids, Viruses transitted by white-flies, Other viruses Appendices
Thermal conductivity of GaN crystals grown by high pressure method (2003)

Abstract Results of measurements of thermal conductivity κ of bulk GaN crystals in the temperature interval4.2–300 K are reported. Experiments were performed on three types of GaN material: (i) single, high‐pressure grown GaN crystals showing highly n‐type conductivity, (ii) on bulk Mg doped GaN crystals with slightly p‐type conductivity, (iii) on homoepitaxial GaN layer grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) on bulk GaN crystal. For the n‐GaN crystals, the record thermal conductivity value κ max is equal to 1600 W/m × K at T max = 45 K, and κ ≅ 230 W/m K at 300 K. It is suggested that for this crystal and for T ≥ T max the contribution of Umklapp phonon scattering processes dominate in the heat transport processes. A heavily Mg doped crystal and HVPE GaN layer on bulk GaN show much lower thermal conductivity in the whole applied temperature region. The temperature dependence of κ shows the importance of point defects (impurities, vacancies) in determination of the thermal resistance of GaN bulk crystals. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)