gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandins are powerful inducers of NGF and BDNF production in mouse astrocyte cultures (2004)

We found that prostaglandin (PG) D(2) and PGE(2), which are major PGs in the brain of mammals, powerfully induced the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) from cultured mouse astrocytes; PGE(2) or PGD(2) induced an approximately 12- or 19-fold increase in NGF secretion after a 24-h incubation, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the sequential metabolites of PGD(2), PGJ(2), Delta(12)-PGJ(2), and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2), induced the NGF secretion to the culture medium strikingly (60-98-fold of the control after a 24-h incubation). NGF secretion induced by the J(2) series of PGs was accompanied by the increased expression of NGF mRNA. These PGs also stimulated the secretion/synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our findings suggest that PGs play a neuroprotective role by inducing NGF and BDNF production in the central nervous system.
Susceptibility of ganglioside GM<sub>1</sub> to a new bacterial neuraminidase (1978)

In this paper we compare four recently proposed procedures for the identification of Piece Wise AutoRegressive eXogenous (PWARX) and switched ARX models. We consider the clustering-based procedure, the bounded-error procedure, and the Bayesian procedure which all identify PWARX models. We also study the algebraic procedure, which identifies switched linear models. We introduce quantitative measures for assessing the quality of the obtained models. Specific behaviors of the procedures are pointed out, using suitably constructed one dimensional examples. The methods are also applied to the experimental identification of the electronic component placement process in pick-and-place machines. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.
Noise-tolerant learning, the parity problem, and the statistical query model (2003)

We describe a slightly subexponential time algorithm for learning parity functions in the presence of random classification noise, a problem closely related to several cryptographic and coding problems. Our algorithm runs in polynomial time for the case of parity functions that depend on only the first O (log n log log n ) bits of input, which provides the first known instance of an efficient noise-tolerant algorithm for a concept class that is not learnable in the Statistical Query model of Kearns [1998]. Thus, we demonstrate that the set of problems learnable in the statistical query model is a strict subset of those problems learnable in the presence of noise in the PAC model.In coding-theory terms, what we give is a poly( n )-time algorithm for decoding linear k × n codes in the presence of random noise for the case of k = c log n log log n for some c > 0. (The case of k = O (log n ) is trivial since one can just individually check each of the 2 k possible messages and choose the one that yields the closest codeword.)A natural extension of the statistical query model is to allow queries about statistical properties that involve t -tuples of examples, as opposed to just single examples. The second result of this article is to show that any class of functions learnable (strongly or weakly) with t -wise queries for t = O (log n ) is also weakly learnable with standard unary queries. Hence, this natural extension to the statistical query model does not increase the set of weakly learnable functions.
Como crear una rama de epifitas para el terrario (2003)

In this paper, we have carried out an experimental study to investigate the effects of different anesthetics on perioperative organ protection and postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass. To realize this idea, a total of 90 patients with single valve replacement under general anesthesia and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2020 to October 2021 were enrolled. These patients were assigned into three groups, with 30 cases in each group by the digital table method. Group A was anesthetized with sufentanil combined with dexmedetomidine. Group B was anesthetized with sufentanil combined with etomidate. Group C was anesthetized with sufentanil combined with propofol. Perioperative organ protection and postoperative cognitive function of the three groups were compared. At <i>T</i> <sub>0</sub> time point, there was no significant difference in blood WBC, blood <i>N</i>, and CRP among groups A, B, and C (<i>P</i> > 0.05); At <i>T</i> <sub>4</sub> and <i>T</i> <sub>5</sub> time points, the indexes of blood WBC, blood <i>N</i>, and CRP in groups A, B, and C were higher compared to the <i>T</i> <sub>0</sub> time point. At <i>T</i> <sub>4</sub> and <i>T</i> <sub>5</sub> time points, the indexes of blood WBC, blood <i>N,</i> and CRP in group A were significantly lower compared to group B and group C. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in ALT and AST among groups A, B, and C (<i>P</i> > 0.05). After treatment, the indexes of ALT and AST in group A were significantly lower compared to group B and group C at <i>T</i> <sub>4</sub> and <i>T</i> <sub>5</sub> time points (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in urea and creatinine among groups A, B, and C (<i>P</i> > 0.05). After treatment, the urea and creatinine indexes of group A were significantly lower compared to group B and group C at <i>T</i> <sub>4</sub> and <i>T</i> <sub>5</sub> time points (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in CK-MB and CTnl among groups A, B, and C (<i>P</i> > 0.05); After treatment, the indexes of CK-MB and CTnl in group A were significantly lower compared to group B and group C at <i>T</i> <sub>4</sub> and <i>T</i> <sub>5</sub> time points (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in MOCA scores among groups A, B, and C (<i>P</i> > 0.05). After treatment, the MOCA scores of group A were significantly higher compared to group B and group C at <i>T</i> <sub>5</sub> and <i>T</i> <sub>6</sub> time points (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Sufentanil combined with dexmedetomidine for heart valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce the dosage of anesthetics during the operation and have a certain perioperative protective effect on important organs such as the heart, lung, liver, and kidney, which may be related to reducing intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations and inhibiting inflammatory stress response.
Feature selection for high-dimensional data: a fast correlation-based filter solution (2003)

Feature selection, as a preprocessing step to machine learning, has been effective in reducing dimensionality, removing irrelevant data, increasing learning accuracy, and improving comprehensibility. However, the recent increase of dimensionality of data poses a severe challenge to many existing feature selection methods with respect to efficiency and effectiveness. In this work, we introduce a novel concept, predominant correlation, and propose a fast filter method which can identify relevant features as well as redundancy among relevant features without pairwise correlation analysis. The efficiency and effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through extensive comparisons with other methods using real-world data of high dimensionality. 1.
Nonparametric Estimation of State‐Price Densities Implicit in Financial Asset Prices (1998)

ABSTRACT Implicit in the prices of traded financial assets are Arrow–Debreu prices or, with continuous states, the state‐price density (SPD). We construct a nonparametric estimator for the SPD implicit in option prices and we derive its asymptotic sampling theory. This estimator provides an arbitrage‐free method of pricing new, complex, or illiquid securities while capturing those features of the data that are most relevant from an asset‐pricing perspective, for example, negative skewness and excess kurtosis for asset returns, and volatility “smiles” for option prices. We perform Monte Carlo experiments and extract the SPD from actual S&P 500 option prices.
The effect of vitamin E deficiency on some platelet membrane properties. (1982)

The effects of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) deficiency on membrane properties of platelets were studied to determine if vitamin E has a measureable stabilizing role in biological membranes. Three groups of rats and three of mice were studied: two groups consisted of Fisher strain rats and one of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a Draper corn oil diet with and without high levels of supplementary vitamin E. The mice were two groups of BALB/c animals maintained on an 8% hydrogenated coconut oil diet, and one group of CBA/J mice on an 8% lard diet, in each case either deficient in or supplemented with vitamin E. The relative content of fatty acids obtained from both rat platelets and erythrocytes was unchanged by vitamin E deficiency. Depletion of vitamin E had no effect on the degree of fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5,-hexatriene-labeled rat platelets. No changes in hematocrit values were seen in any of the studies. The platelet count of only the vitamin E-deficient Sprague-Dawley rats was elevated with respect to vitamin E-supplemented counterparts; the others remained constant. Platelet reactivities, as measured by ADP-and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and by the thrombin-induced changes in platelet transmembrane potential, were unaffected by vitamin E deficiency in all three groups of rats. Our results indicate that a membrane stabilizing effect of vitamin E on rat platelet or erythrocyte membrane fatty acids or on platelet response to external stimuli could not be demonstrated, nor was elevation in platelet count a general phenomenon associated with vitamin E deficiency.-Whitin, J. C., R. K. Gordon, L. M. Corwin, and E. R. Simons. The effect of vitamin E deficiency on some platelet membrane properties.
A Mobile Phone-Based, Community Health Worker Program for Referral, Follow-Up, and Service Outreach in Rural Zambia: Outcomes and Overview (2014)

CHWs completed all planned aspects of surveillance and outreach, demonstrating feasibility. Components of this pilot project may aid clinical care in rural settings and have potential for epidemiologic and health system applications. Thus, m-health has the potential to improve service outreach, guide activities, and facilitate data collection in Zambia.
Highly Selective and Sensitive Phosphane Sulfide Derivative for the Detection of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in an Organoaqueous Medium (2007)

A new fluorescent molecular sensor for Hg2+ based on the phosphane sulfide derivative exhibits a very low detection limit in an aqueous medium (3.8 nM) with a very high selectivity over other interfering cations. The reversibility of the complexation process was also examined and was found to be successful. [structure: see text]
Targeting PDK1 in Cancer (2011)

Abnormal activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling is very common in cancer, leading to deregulation of several intracellular processes normally controlled by this enzyme, including cell survival, growth, proliferation and migration. Mutations in the gene encoding the tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), which leads to uncontrolled activation of the PI3K pathway, are reported in different cancers. Among the downstream effectors of PI3Ks, 3- phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt have a key role in several cancer types. More recent data indicate that alteration of PDK1 is a critical component of oncogenic PI3K signalling in breast cancer, suggesting that inhibition of PDK1 can inhibit breast cancer progression. PDK1 has an essential role in regulating cell migration especially in the context of PTEN deficiency. Downregulation of PDK1 levels inhibits migration and experimental metastasis of human breast cancer cells. PDK1 activates a large number of proteins, including Akt, some PKC isoforms, S6K and SGK. Data also reveal that PDK1 is oncogenic and this is dependent on PI3K pathway. Therefore, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PDK1 is a valid therapeutic target and suggests that PDK1 inhibitors may be useful to prevent cancer progression and abnormal tissue dissemination. This review will focus on published data on the role of PDK1 in cancer and approaches used to inhibit PDK1.
Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network Classifier for Intrusion Detection (2016)

Due to the advance of information and communication techniques, sharing information through online has been increased. And this leads to creating the new added value. As a result, various online services were created. However, as increasing connection points to the internet, the threats of cyber security have also been increasing. Intrusion detection system(IDS) is one of the important security issues today. In this paper, we construct an IDS model with deep learning approach. We apply Long Short Term Memory(LSTM) architecture to a Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) and train the IDS model using KDD Cup 1999 dataset. Through the performance test, we confirm that the deep learning approach is effective for IDS.
Shrinking lakes of the Arctic: Spatial relationships and trajectory of change (2011)

[1] Over the past 3 decades the Arctic has seen substantial warming. Previous local to regional scale studies have shown a considerable reduction in the size of lakes in this region. The subsequent exposure of carbon- and methane-rich sediments and the direct changes in surface albedo feed back into the drivers of regional and global climate change. Understanding and quantifying changes in the Arctic is a critical component of climate modeling due to the cooling effect of the Arctic on the global climate. The current work utilizes global satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) instrument to investigate changes in lakes across Canada between 2000 and 2009. The results show a net reduction of more than 6,700 km2 in the surface area of water in lakes across Canada. Modest gains in the southern regions are offset by larger losses in surface area farther north. Additionally, spatial analysis shows that the lakes showing change are clustered in groups. This suggests that local variability may play a role in the observed changes. Further work is needed to extend the analysis to the circumpolar Arctic.
A process technology for 1 giga-bit DRAM (2002)

In this paper, we present a giga bit density DRAM technology based on the state-of-the-art technologies. A DRAM with 1 giga bit density design rule is fabricated featuring Shallow Trench Isolation (STI), TiSi/sub x/ gate, Self-Aligned Contact (SAG), and simple stack capacitor cell using (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ (BST) as a dielectric material. A reliable and highly manufacturable process is established which satisfies the stringent requirement for the next generation memory devices such as 1 Gbit DRAM and beyond.
Myocardial perfusion imaging with an ultra-fast cardiac SPECT camera - a phantom study (2008)

Myocardial perfusion imaging is currently the most frequently used nuclear medicine test. Recently, several alternative approaches to myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging have been evaluated. In this study, we compare imaging capabilities of the new ultra-fast cardiac (UFC) system developed by GE Healthcare to a conventional cardiac SPECT camera (Ventri, GE Healthcare). The UFC system uses an array of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) pixilated detectors simultaneously imaging all cardiac views with no moving parts during acquisition. High system sensitivity together with high intrinsic resolution of the CZT detectors allow acquiring high quality SPECT studies within short time. Image data were acquired experimentally using a Data Spectrum anthropomorphic torso phantom and simulating realistic male and female anatomy, uptake distribution and perfusion defect variations typical for rest and stress Tc99m imaging. Post-reconstruction, estimated count values on the mid-myocardial surface were assessed to calculate the normalized standard deviation (NSD) for the uniform (healthy) myocardium and the normalized contrast (NC) for known defect volumes. Segmental uptake for a 17-segment heart model was used to calculate agreement between reconstructed distributions obtained with the novel and conventional systems.
Developing a Synthetic Biology Toolkit for <i>Comamonas testosteroni</i>, an Emerging Cellular Chassis for Bioremediation (2018)

Synthetic biology is rapidly evolving into a new phase that emphasizes real-world applications such as environmental remediation. Recently, Comamonas testosteroni has become a promising chassis for bioremediation due to its natural pollutant-degrading capacity; however, its application is hindered by the lack of fundamental gene expression tools. Here, we present a synthetic biology toolkit that enables rapid creation of functional gene circuits in C. testosteroni. We first built a shuttle system that allows efficient circuit construction in E. coli and necessary phenotypic testing in C. testosteroni. Then, we tested a set of wildtype inducible promoters, and further used a hybrid strategy to create engineered promoters to expand expression strength and dynamics. Additionally, we tested the T7 RNA Polymerase-PT7 promoter system and reduced its leaky expression through promoter mutation for gene expression. By coupling random library construction with FACS screening, we further developed a synthetic T7 promoter library to confer a wider range of expression strength and dynamic characteristics. This study provides a set of valuable tools to engineer gene circuits in C. testosteroni, facilitating the establishment of the organism as a useful microbial chassis for bioremediation purposes.
Soluble membrane antigens of human malignant melanoma cells (1974)

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to soluble components of the cell membranes of autologous and allogeneic tumors were elicited in a series of patients with malignant melanoma. Two skin reactive antigens were prepared using stepwise low frequency sonication of cell membranes, chromatography of membrane sonicates on Sephadex G-200, and separation by polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (PAGE). One group of antigens, in Sephadex fraction II, PAGE region a, appears to be melanoma-associated antigen. Sephadex fraction II, and further separated Sephadex fraction II PAGE region a, produced no reactions in 21 of 22 tests in patients with cancers other than melanoma; positive reactions were seen in 17 of 22 patients with early stage melanoma and in 7 of 19 patients with late stage melanoma. The other antigen, from Sephadex fraction III, PAGE region b, was also reactive in 5 of 6 early stage breast cancer patients. Comparable separated proteins from Sephadex fraction III, and Sephadex fraction III PAGE region b, of normal black skin cell membrane sonicates were reactive in 4 of 9 early stage melanoma patients but were negative in 7 late stage melanoma patients. Sephadex fraction III and Sephadex fraction III PAGE region b produced no reactions in patients with renal, cervical, colonic, and head and neck cancer; 9 of 21 patients with early stage melanomas were skin test positive; positive reactions were seen in 13 of 18 patients with late stage melanoma.
Cloning, expression and modulation of a mouse NMDA receptor subunit (1992)

The primary structure and presence of two forms of the mouse N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel subunit zeta 1 have been disclosed by cloning and sequencing the cDNAs. The zeta 1 subunit shows approximately 20% amino acid sequence identities with the rodent alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)- or kainate-selective GluR subunits and has structural features common to neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. Functional homomeric zeta 1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of the subunit-specific mRNA exhibit current responses characteristic for the NMDA receptor channel such as activation by glycine, Ca2+ permeability, blocking by Mg2+ and activation by polyamine. It has been found that the zeta 1 channel activity is positively modulated by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA).
Deciphering the Cross-Talk of Implantation: Advances and Challenges (2002)

Implantation involves a series of steps leading to an effective reciprocal signaling between the blastocyst and the uterus. Except for a restricted period when ovarian hormones induce a uterine receptive phase, the uterus is an unfavorable environment for blastocyst implantation. Because species-specific variations in implantation strategies exist, these differences preclude the formulation of a unifying theme for the molecular basis of this event. However, an increased understanding of mammalian implantation has been gained through the use of the mouse model. This review summarizes recognized signaling cascades and new research in mammalian implantation, based primarily on available genetic and molecular evidence from implantation studies in the mouse. Although the identification of new molecules associated with implantation in various species provides valuable insight, important questions remain regarding the common molecular mechanisms that govern this process. Understanding the mechanisms of implantation promises to help alleviate infertility, enhance fetal health, and improve contraceptive design. The success of any species depends on its reproductive efficiency. For sexual reproduction, an egg and sperm must overcome many obstacles to fuse and co-mingle their genetic material at fertilization. The zygote develops into a blastocyst with two cell lineages (the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm), migrates within the reproductive tract, and ultimately implants into a transiently permissive host tissue, the uterus. However, the molecular basis of the road map connecting the blastocyst with the endometrium across species is diverse (1) and not fully understood. Recent advances have identified numerous molecules involved in implantation (1-4), yet new discoveries have not yielded a unifying scheme for the mechanisms of implantation.
Cellular MRI contrast via coexpression of transferrin receptor and ferritin (2006)

Recently there has been growing interest in the development and use of iron-based contrast agents for cellular imaging with MRI. In this study we investigated coexpression of the transferrin receptor and ferritin genes to induce cellular contrast in a biological system. Expression of transgenic human transferrin receptor and human ferritin H-subunit was induced in a stably transfected mouse neural stem cell line. When grown in iron-rich medium, the transgenic cells accumulated significantly more iron than control cells, with a trend toward an increase in reactive oxygen species, but no detrimental effects on cell viability. This cellular iron significantly increased the transverse relaxivities, R2 and R2*, at 1.5 T and 7 T. By comparing measurements in the same cell samples at 1.5 T and 7 T, we confirmed the expected increase in relaxivity with increasing field strength. Finally, supplemented transgenic cells transplanted into mouse brain demonstrated increased contrast with surrounding neural tissue on T2*-weighted MR brain images compared to controls. These results indicate that dual expression of proteins at different critical points in the iron metabolism pathway may improve cellular contrast without compromising cell viability.
A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing (1999)

An improvement of a new technique for modelling cracks in the finite element framework is presented. A standard displacement-based approximation is enriched near a crack by incorporating both discontinuous fields and the near tip asymptotic fields through a partition of unity method. A methodology that constructs the enriched approximation from the interaction of the crack geometry with the mesh is developed. This technique allows the entire crack to be represented independently of the mesh, and so remeshing is not necessary to model crack growth. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the utility and robustness of the proposed technique. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.