gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Multiplexing with Time-Resolved and Spectral Discrimination Using a Near-IR Detector (2003)

We report on the design and performance of a two-color, time-resolved detector for the acquisition of both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence data acquired in real time during the capillary gel electrophoresis separation of DNA sequencing fragments. The detector consisted of a pair of pulsed laser diodes operating at 680 and 780 nm. The diode heads were coupled directly to single-mode fibers, which were terminated into a single fiber mounted via a FC/PC connector to the detector body. The detector contained a dichroic filter, which directed the dual-laser beams to an objective. The objective focused the laser light into a capillary gel column and also collected the resulting fluorescence emission. The dual-color emission was transmitted through the dichroic and focused onto a multimode fiber (core diameter 50 microm), which carried the luminescence to a pair of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The emission was sorted spectrally using a second dichroic onto one of two SPADs and isolated using appropriate interference filters (710- or 810-nm channel). The dual-color detector demonstrated a time response of 450 and 510 ps (fwhm) for the 710- and 810-nm channels, respectively. The mass detection limits for two near-IR dye-labeled sequencing primers electrophoresed in a capillary gel column were found to be 7.1 x 10(-21) and 3.2 x 10(-20) mol (SNR = 3) for the 710- and 810-nm detector channels, respectively. In addition, no leakage of luminescence excited at 680 nm was observed in the 810-nm channel or 780-nm excited luminescence into the 710-nm channel. An M13mp18 template was sequenced in a single capillary gel column using a two-color, two-lifetime format. The read length was found to be 650 base pairs for the test template at a calling accuracy of 95.1% using a linear poly(dimethylacrylamide) (POP6) gel column, with the read length determined primarily by the electrophoretic resolution produced by the sieving gel.
Parallel Attention Mechanisms in Neural Machine Translation (2018)

Recent papers in neural machine translation have proposed the strict use of attention mechanisms over previous standards such as recurrent and convolutional neural networks (RNNs and CNNs). We propose that by running traditionally? stacked encoding branches from encoder-decoder attention-focused architectures in parallel, that even more sequential operations can be removed from the model and thereby decrease training time. In particular, we modify the recently published attention-based architecture called Transformer by Google, by replacing sequential attention modules with parallel ones, reducing the amount of training time and substantially improving BLEU scores at the same time. Experiments over the English to German and English to French translation tasks show that our model establishes a new state of the art.
Overview of Linac Applications at Future Radioactive Beam Facilities (1996)

There is considerable interest worldwide in the research which could be done at a next generation, advanced radioactive beam facility. To generate high quality, intense beams of accelerated radionuclides via the {open_quotes}isotope separator on-line{close_quotes} (ISOL) method requires two major accelerator components: a high power (100 kW) driver device to produce radionuclides in a production target/ion source complex, and a secondary beam accelerator to produce beams of radioactive ions up to energies on the order of 10 MeV per nucleon over a broad mass range. In reviewing the technological challenges of such a facility, several types of modem linear accelerators appear well suited. This paper reviews the properties of the linacs currently under construction and those proposed for future facilities for use either as the driver device or the radioactive beam post-accelerator. Other choices of accelerators, such as cyclotrons, for either the driver or secondary beam devices of a radioactive beam complex will also be compared. Issues to be addressed for the production accelerator include the choice of ion beam types to be used for cost-effective production of radionuclides. For the post-accelerator the choice of ion source technology is critical and dictates the charge-to-mass requirements at the injection stage.
Counter Hack : A Step-by-Step Guide to Computer Attacks and Effective Defenses (2001)

This easy-to-use, step-by-step guide will empower network and system administrators to defend their information and computing assets---whether or not they have security experience. In Counter Hack, leading network security expert Edward Skoudis presents comprehensive, insider's explanations of today's most destructive hacker tools and tactics---and specific, proven countermeasures for both UNIX and Windows environments. Whatever your role in protecting network infrastructure and data, Counter Hack delivers proven solutions you can implement right now---and long-term strategies that will improve security for years to come.
LPP EUV source readiness for NXE 3300B (2014)

Laser produced plasma (LPP) light sources have been developed as the primary approach for EUV scanner imaging of circuit features in sub-20nm devices in high volume manufacturing (HVM). This paper provides a review of development progress and readiness status for the LPP extreme-ultra-violet (EUV) source. We present the latest performance results from second generation sources, including Prepulse operation for high power, collector protection for long lifetime and low cost of ownership, and dose stability for high yield. Increased EUV power is provided by a more powerful drive laser and the use of Prepulse operation for higher conversion efficiciency. Advanced automation and controls have been developed to provide the power and energy stability performance required during production fab operation. We will also discuss lifetesting of the collector in Prepulse mode and show the ability of the debris mitigation systems to keep the collector multi-layer coating free from damage and maintain high reflectivity.
Expression of mammalian tyrosine aminotransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

Rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase has been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. In yeast, the extent of production is 20-fold higher than that in rat liver after induction by dexamethasone, and reaches 250-fold higher in an E. coli strain carrying the T7 RNA polymerase transcription system. About 250 mg pure and homogeneous enzyme was obtained from 50 g transformed E. coli cells. Determination of Mr and pI, as well as analysis of N- and C-terminal amino acids, suggest that the isolated protein is native. The catalytic properties, similar to those of the enzyme from rat liver, confirm that it is fully active and that post-translational modifications in the mammalian cells are not essential for activity. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate strongly protects the enzyme against thermal inactivation. After denaturation, 10 thiol groups, out of 16 in the polypeptide chain, react with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) whereas only five or six are accessible under native conditions. Two thiols are rapidly modified with concomitant inactivation of the apoenzyme, but pyridoxal 5'-phosphate partially protects them in the holoenzyme. The results are interpreted in the light of the structure/function relationship in this enzyme.
Multichannel Mueller matrix ellipsometer for real-time spectroscopy of anisotropic surfaces and films (2000)

A multichannel ellipsometer in the dual-rotating-compensator configuration has been developed for potential applications in real-time Mueller matrix spectroscopy of anisotropic surfaces and films. This instrument provides spectra (1.7-5.3 eV) in all 16 elements of the unnormalized Mueller matrix M of a film-substrate system with a minimum overall data acquisition time of t(a) = 0.25 s. We have applied this instrument first for high-precision determination of spectra in M with t(a) = 2.5 s for a microscopically sculptured film.
Engineering of baker's yeasts, <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> hosts for the production of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Lipase A (2002)

Lipases are versatile biocatalists showing multiple applications in a wide range of biotechnological processes. The gene lipA coding for Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis was isolated by PCR amplification, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis strains, using pBR322, YEplac112 and pUB110-derived vectors, respectively. Lipase activity analysis of the recombinant strains showed that the gene can be properly expressed in all hosts assayed, this being the first time a lipase from bacterial origin can be expressed in baker's S. cerevisiae strains. An important increase of lipase production was obtained in heterologous hosts with respect to that of parental strains, indicating that the described systems can represent a useful tool to enhance productivity of the enzyme for biotechnological applications, including the use of the lipase in bread making, or as a technological additive.
Increased monolayer domain size and patterned growth of tungsten disulfide through controlling surface energy of substrates (2016)

We report a surface energy-controlled low-pressure chemical vapor deposition growth of WS2 monolayers on SiO2 using pre-growth oxygen plasma treatment of substrates, facilitating increased monolayer surface coverage and patterned growth without lithography. Oxygen plasma treatment of the substrate caused an increase in the average domain size of WS2 monolayers by 78% ± 2% while having a slight reduction in nucleation density, which translates to increased monolayer surface coverage. This substrate effect on growth was exploited to grow patterned WS2 monolayers by patterned plasma treatment on patterned substrates and by patterned source material with resolutions less than 10 µm. Contact angle-based surface energy measurements revealed a dramatic increase in polar surface energy. A growth model was proposed with lowered activation energies for growth and increased surface diffusion length consistent with the range of results observed. WS2 samples grown with and without oxygen plasma were similar high quality monolayers verified through transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence measurements. This technique enables the production of large-grain size, patterned WS2 without a post-growth lithography process, thereby providing clean surfaces for device applications.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of 2‐Vinylindoles with In Situ Generated 2‐Methide‐2<i>H</i>‐indoles: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>a</i>]indoles (2016)

Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles are privileged structural elements of many natural products and pharmaceuticals. An efficient one-step process for their highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis, comprising a direct [3+2]-cycloaddition, has been developed. A chiral BINOL-derived phosphoric acid catalyzes the reaction of in situ-generated 2-methide-2H-indoles with 2-vinylindoles, furnishing the target products incorporating three contiguous stereogenic centers as single diastereoisomers and with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Face recognition under varying pose (1994)

Researchers in computer vision and pattern recognition have worked on automatic techniques for recognizing human faces for the last 20 years. While some systems, especially template-based ones, have been quite successful on expressionless, frontal views of faces with controlled lighting, not much work has taken face recognizers beyond these narrow imaging conditions. Our goal is to build a face recognizer that works under varying pose, the difficult part of which is to handle face relations in depth. Building on successful template-based systems, our basic approach is to represent faces with templates from multiple model views that cover different poses from the viewing sphere. To recognize a novel view, the recognizer locates the eyes and nose features, uses these locations to geometrically register the input with model views, and then uses correlation on model templates to find the best match in the data base of people. Our system has achieved a recognition rate of 98% on a data base of 62 people containing 10 testing and 15 modeling views per person.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Ameliorates Cytokine Up‐Regulated Shigatoxin‐1 Toxicity in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2005)

Brain injury in hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may be enhanced by inflammatory cytokine up-regulation of endothelial cell sensitivity to shigatoxin (Stx). The present study investigated whether inflammatory cytokine up-regulation of Stx toxicity could be ameliorated by inhibiting candidate signal transduction pathways. Exposure of human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) greatly increased Stx-1 and Stx-2 cytotoxicity; this was reduced by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not c-Jun kinase. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, reduced TNF-stimulated Stx cytotoxicity in HBECs, TNF-stimulated (125)Stx-1 binding to intact HBECs, the cellular content of Gb3 (galactose alpha 1,4, galactose ss 1,4, glucose-ceramide) (the Stx receptor), and TNF-stimulated Gb3 synthase and glucosylceramide synthase activities but did not affect lactosylceramide synthase activities or mRNA content. Thus, inhibition of p38 MAPK substantially reduces inflammatory cytokine up-regulation of Stx-receptor synthesis and cell-surface expression, thereby decreasing Stx cytotoxicity. Inhibition of p38 MAPK may be of therapeutic benefit in HUS.
Supercritical Methanol Depolymerization and Hydrodeoxygenation of Maple Wood and Biomass-Derived Oxygenates into Renewable Alcohols in a Continuous Flow Reactor (2019)

Supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SCM-DHDO) of biomass is a technology to produce C2–C9 alcohols in a single reaction step. Previous research has shown that this technology is effective in batch reactors but produces large amounts of undesired CO and H2 gas from the reforming of the methanol that make the process economically infeasible. In this work, we show that methanol reforming can be minimized to provide the stoichiometric amount of H2 required for hydrodeoxygenation by recycling the product gases. We also show that methanol can be synthesized during the SCM-DHDO process with a sufficient cofeed of CO and H2. In addition, we demonstrate that the catalyst is stable for more than 100 h time on stream in a continuous packed bed reactor using glycerol as a model feedstock. The alcohol yields from glycerol in the fixed bed exceeded yields from batch reactions. In a single pass system, the conversion of cellulose and maple wood to alcohols was obtained by first solubilizing in methanol and then converting to monoalcohols over a fixed bed of catalyst.
New Elastomers are More Resistant to Many Automotive Fluids (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Two new elastomers (a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene and a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, propylene, and vinylidene fluoride) demonstrate better chemical resistance to a wide variety of new automotive fluids compared to presently used FKM (FPM) types of fluoroelastomers. The fluids include engine oils, coolants, transmission fluids and extreme pressure (EP) gear lubricants. In addition, one of these new elastomers has shown very little sensitivity to the various additive packages that different manufacturers can use in these fluids.</div>
ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT, 1 JULY 1960 TO 30 JUNE 1961 (1961)

Contents: Traumatic surgery and shock Acute renal failure Physiology and treatment of trauma Radiation and thermal burns Biochemical and physiologic alterations in burns Metabolic responses to burns Infection and immunologic studies in burns Clinical management of burns Pathology of burns
Increased toxicity and lack of efficacy of Rofecoxib in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II study (2003)

Preclinical and clinical models have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic colorectal tumors. In preclinical models, there appears to be additive or synergistic effects when combining 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) for the treatment of colorectal neoplasms. This data raised the question as to whether adding a COX-2 inhibitor to 5-FU-based regimens would increase the response rates with an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with metastatic colon cancer. In the current study, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, who were either untreated or previously treated (more than 1 year ago) with adjuvant 5-FU and Leucovorin (LV) received 5-FU and LV (Mayo regimen) in addition to Rofecoxib. Tumor samples from all patients exhibited evidence of moderate COX-2 over-expression. 4 patients entered on the study developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding (grade III). Other toxicities included grade II stomatitis (3 patients), grade II thrombocytopenia (1 patient), grade II diarrhea (2 patients) and grade I nausea (1 patient). There were no partial or complete responses in the first 10 patients entered on the study so the study was terminated (probability of success < 0.3 with type 1 error of 0.05 and power of 0.8). Thus, Rofecoxib did not appear to increase antitumor activity and resulted in increased gastrointestinal toxicity when combined with 5-FU/LV. Future studies will need to consider the added gastrointestinal toxicity of Rofecoxib when combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.
A Security Model for Detecting Suspicious Patterns in Physical Environment (2007)

In the view of escalating global threat in security, it is imperative to have an automated detection system that can pick up suspicious patterns of human movement in physical environments. It can give a forewarning before a planned attack happens or an ultimate security is breached. In the past, significant research on the intrusion detection was established, but limited to virtual environments like computer networks and operating systems. In this paper, we proposed a general security model for detecting suspicious patterns in physical environment. Suspicious patterns are subtle and we showed that they can be detected via an experiment.
Discovery of potential negative allosteric modulators of mGluR5 from natural products using pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies (2015)

mGluR5, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, is believed to be associated with many human diseases, such as a wide range of neurological disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and cancer. Comparing with compounds that target on the orthosteric binding site, significant roles have been established for mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) due to their higher subtype selectivity and more suitable pharmacokinetic profiles. Nevertheless, to date, none of them have come to market for various reasons. In this study, a 3D quantitative pharmacophore model was generated by using the HypoGen module in Discovery Studio 4.0. With several validation methods ultilized, the optimal pharmacophore model Hypo2 was selected to discover potential mGluR5 NAMs from natural products. Two hundred and seventeen potential NAMs were obtained after being filtered by Lipinski’s rule (≥4). Then, molecular docking was used to refine the pharmacophore-based screening results and analyze the binding mode of NAMs and mGluR5. Three compounds, aglaiduline, 5-O-ethyl-hirsutanonol, and yakuchinone A, with good ADMET properties, acceptable Fit value and estimated value, and high docking score, were reserved for a molecular dynamics simulation study. All of them have stability of ligand binding. From our computational results, there might exhibit drug-like negative allosteric moderating effects on mGluR5 in these natural products. This work provides a reliable method for discovering mGluR5 NAMs from natural products.
The polymerization of pyromellitic dianhydride with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (1969)

Abstract A novel polyimide forming reaction is reported. Pyromellitic dianhydride undergoes a condensation polymerization with diphenylmethane diisocyanate in solution or under melt‐fusion conditions to give polydiphenylmethanepyromellitimide (II) and carbon dioxide. Polymer II was characterized by inherent viscosity, infrared spectrum, and thermogravimetric analysis. An intermediate Polymer I was isolated which appeared to contain seven‐membered rings in the backbone. It is postulated that these rings eliminate carbon dioxide to form polyimide II.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von 1‐ und 10‐Amino‐11H‐5,6‐dihydrodibenz[b,e]azepin‐6,11‐dionen (1979)

Abstract Für das bei der Schmidt‐Reaktion von 1‐Amino‐anthrachinon ( 2 ) entstehende Gemisch der Dihydro‐dibenz[b,e]azepin‐dione 1 und 3 wird eine präparative Trennmethode angegeben. 1 und 3 sowie die daraus gebildeten Enamine 14a , 14b und 19 lassen sich zu den Alkoholen 7b , 11 , 17a und 17b reduzieren, die in die Lactone 9a und 9c , 12 und 16a sowie das Oxazin‐Derivat 18 übergeführt werden können.
Overexpression in transgenic tobacco reveals different roles for the rice homeodomain gene OsBIHD1 in biotic and abiotic stress responses (2005)

The rice OsBIHD1 gene encodes a transcriptional factor belonging to the homeodomain class. It had previously been shown to be activated by treatment with benzothiadiazole, a chemical inducer of disease resistance, and in an incompatible interaction between rice and the blast fungus. To allow a better understanding of the function of OsBIHD1 in plant disease resistance response, the OsBIHD1 gene in tobacco was overexpressed by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation with a construct containing the OsBIHD1 ORF under control of the 35S promoter. Overexpression of the rice OsBIHD1 gene in some of the transgenic tobacco lines led to some morphological abnormalities in the top buds and roots. The transgenic tobacco plants showed an elevated level of defence-related PR-1 gene expression and enhanced disease resistance against infection by tomato mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. However, the transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing OsBIHD1 showed enhanced sensitivity to salt and oxidative stress as compared with the wild-type plants. The results suggested that the OsBIHD1 protein may be positively involved in activating expression of the defence-related genes in disease resistance responses, and is also important in rice development and abiotic stress tolerance.