gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Research: The Personal Element (1937)

EVERYONE nowadays has some more or less intellectual pursuit dear to his heart. Dr. Watson tells us that Mr. Sherlock Holmes had investigated, purely for his own satisfaction, the Polyphonic Motets of Lassus and had published thereon: a topic of infinitely less value than his famous study of the different varieties of tobacco ash. Similarly, it would not be hard to find other examples of a love of learning for learning's sake, nor, unfortunately, of a sedulous application to things academic merely for the sake of fame or notoriety. In the modern world the merry business of “getting into print” has seized on the imaginations of the most unlikely people. The popular press keeps us informed of the mental activities of film‐stars and professional boxers, while the “remainder” catalogue tells a sorry tale of public indifference to days and nights laboriously spent. Leaving aside, however, the commercial and utilitarian aspects, the question suggests itself: How best to tackle the subject of one's choice?
Disruption of γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase results in absolute glutathione auxotrophy and apoptosis in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2003)

Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol and a major source of reducing equivalents in eukaryotes. We examined the role of glutathione in Candida albicans by the disruption of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS1), an essential enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. The gcs1/gcs1 null mutants exhibited glutathione auxotrophy, which could be rescued by supplementing with reduced and oxidized glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine. When the mutants were depleted of glutathione, they showed typical markers of apoptosis. These results suggest that glutathione itself is an essential metabolite and C. albicans lacking GCS1 undergoes apoptosis.
True single phase clock dynamic CMOS circuit technique (2003)

Some CMOS circuit techniques, based on a true single-phase clock, where the clock is never inverted, are described. Single-phase dynamic logic and single-phase precharge logic circuits are considered. The advantage of this approach is simple and compact clock distribution and high speed. The high-speed possibility was demonstrated with a binary divider. A clock frequency of 160 MHz was achieved when only standard transistors in a 3- mu m CMOS process were used. The single-phase clock is relatively insensitive to clock rise time, clock fall time, and clock skew.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segmentation-based progressive image coding (2002)

The authors present, as an image pyramid, an adaptive, tree-structured segmentation to facilitate progressive transmission. The new image pyramid is semantically more powerful than regular tessellations while syntactically simpler than free segmentation. This good compromise between adaptability and complexity is a key to the high compression ratios achieved by the proposed image coder. The performance is further enhanced by exploiting the statistical dependency between layers of the image pyramid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact-ionization induced instabilities in high-speed bipolar transistors and their influence on the maximum usable output voltage (2003)

Analytical relations for the onset of impact-ionization induced instabilities in bipolar transistors are derived and verified by both 3D simulations and measurements. They allow the designer to calculate the maximum usable DC output voltage for different driving conditions.
Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation (Other Titles in Applied Mathematics) (2008)

The only book devoted exclusively to matrix functions, this research monograph gives a thorough treatment of the theory of matrix functions and numerical methods for computing them. The author s elegant presentation focuses on the equivalent definitions of f(A) via the Jordan canonical form, polynomial interpolation, and the Cauchy integral formula, and features an emphasis on results of practical interest and an extensive collection of problems and solutions. Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation is more than just a monograph on matrix functions; its wide-ranging content including an overview of applications, historical references, and miscellaneous results, tricks, and techniques with an f(A) connection makes it useful as a general reference in numerical linear algebra. Other key features of the book include development of the theory of conditioning and properties of the Frchet derivative; an emphasis on the Schur decomposition, the block Parlett recurrence, and judicious use of Pad approximants; the inclusion of new, unpublished research results and improved algorithms; a chapter devoted to the f(A)b problem; and a MATLAB toolbox providing implementations of the key algorithms. Audience: This book is for specialists in numerical analysis and applied linear algebra as well as anyone wishing to learn about the theory of matrix functions and state of the art methods for computing them. It can be used for a graduate-level course on functions of matrices and is a suitable reference for an advanced course on applied or numerical linear algebra. It is also particularly well suited for self-study. Contents: List of Figures; List of Tables; Preface; Chapter 1: Theory of Matrix Functions; Chapter 2: Applications; Chapter 3: Conditioning; Chapter 4: Techniques for General Functions; Chapter 5: Matrix Sign Function; Chapter 6: Matrix Square Root; Chapter 7: Matrix pth Root; Chapter 8: The Polar Decomposition; Chapter 9: Schur-Parlett Algorithm; Chapter 10: Matrix Exponential; Chapter 11: Matrix Logarithm; Chapter 12: Matrix Cosine and Sine; Chapter 13: Function of Matrix Times Vector: f(A)b; Chapter 14: Miscellany; Appendix A: Notation; Appendix B: Background: Definitions and Useful Facts; Appendix C: Operation Counts; Appendix D: Matrix Function Toolbox; Appendix E: Solutions to Problems; Bibliography; Index.
Modulation of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Induces Cardiogenesis of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Enrichment of Pacemaker-Like Cells (2010)

SKCa activation drives the fate of pluripotent cells toward mesoderm commitment and cardiomyocyte specification, preferentially into nodal-like cardiomyocytes. This provides a novel strategy for the enrichment of cardiomyocytes and in particular, the generation of a specific subtype of cardiomyocytes, pacemaker-like cells, without genetic modification.
Novel MIMO HARQ Schemes Jointly Utilizing Chase Combining (2006)

In this paper we propose several novel HARQ schemes for MIMO system which jointly utilize bit-wise soft- information (BWSI) chase combining. Retransmission mechanisms to obtain ARQ diversity are developed. We present the detection algorithm and how to jointly utilize the BWSI derived from former retransmission to improve BER performance. Finally we propose a new retrans scheme using channel codes based on BWSI feedback, which can achieve better performance compared to normal HARQ with acceptable complexity.
Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase Activates Cloned BKCa Channels Expressed in Mammalian Cells by Direct Phosphorylation at Serine 1072 (1999)

NO-induced activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) increases the open probability of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and results in smooth muscle relaxation. However, the molecular mechanism of channel regulation by the NO-PKG pathway has not been determined on cloned channels. The present study was designed to clarify PKG-mediated modulation of channels at the molecular level. The cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, cslo-alpha, was expressed in HEK293 cells. Whole cell and single channel characteristics of cslo-alpha exhibited functional features of native large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in smooth muscle cells. The NO-donor sodium nitroprusside increased outward current 2.3-fold in whole cell recordings. In cell-attached patches, sodium nitroprusside increased the channel open probability (NPo) of cslo-alpha channels 3.3-fold without affecting unitary conductance. The stimulatory effect of sodium nitroprusside was inhibited by the PKG-inhibitor KT5823. Direct application of PKG-Ialpha to the cytosolic surface of inside-out patches increased NPo 3.2-fold only in the presence of ATP and cGMP without affecting unitary conductance. A point mutation of cslo-alpha in which Ser-1072 (the only optimal consensus sequence for PKG phosphorylation) was replaced by Ala abolished the PKG effect on NPo in inside-out patches and the effect of SNP in cell attached patches. These results indicate that PKG activates cslo-alpha by direct phosphorylation at serine 1072.
New Lupane Glycosides from Pulsatilla chinensis (2002)

Two new lupane glycosides along with five known triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis (Ranunculaceae). The structures of the new glycosides were determined to be 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-23-hydroxybetulinic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (pulsatilloside D, 6) and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)][alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-23-hydroxybetulinic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (pulsatilloside E, 7) by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against K-562 human leukemia and HeLa cells.
Specific and Nonspecific Interaction Forces Between <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Silicon Nitride, Determined by Poisson Statistical Analysis (2006)

The nature of the physical interactions between Escherichia coli JM109 and a model surface (silicon nitride) was investigated in water via atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM force measurements on bacteria can represent the combined effects of van der Waals and electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, steric interactions, and perhaps ligand-receptor type bonds. It can be difficult to decouple these forces into their individual components since both specific (chemical or short-range forces such as hydrogen bonding) and nonspecific (long-range colloidal) forces may be present in the overall profiles. An analysis is presented based on the application of Poisson statistics to AFM adhesion data, to decouple the specific and nonspecific interactions. Comparisons with classical DLVO theory and a modified form of a van der Waals expression for rough surfaces were made in order to help explain the nature of the interactions. The only specific forces in the system were due to hydrogen bonding, which from the Poisson analysis were found to be -0.125 nN. The nonspecific forces of 0.155 nN represent an overall repulsive interaction. These nonspecific forces are comparable to the forces calculated from DLVO theory, in which electrostatic-double layer interactions are added to van der Waals attractions calculated at the distance of closest approach, as long as the van der Waals model for "rough" spherical surfaces is used. Calculated electrostatic-double layer and van der Waals interactions summed to 0.116 nN. In contrast, if the classic (i.e., smooth) sphere-sphere model was used to predict the van der Waals forces, the sum of electrostatic and van der Waals forces was -7.11 nN, which appears to be a large overprediction. The Poisson statistical analysis of adhesion forces may be very useful in applications of bacterial adhesion, because it represents an easy way to determine the magnitude of hydrogen bonding in a given system and it allows the fundamental forces to be easily broken into their components.
Wall extensibility: its nature, measurement and relationship to plant cell growth (1993)

Expansive growth of plant cells is controlled principally by processes that loosen the wall and enable it to expand irreversibly. The central role of wall relaxation for cell expansion is reviewed. The most common methods for assessing the extension properties of plant cell walls ( wall extensibility') are described, categorized and assessed critically. What emerges are three fundamentally different approaches which test growing cells for their ability (a) to enlarge at different values of turgor, (b) to induce wall relaxation, and (c) to deform elastically or plastically in response to an applied tensile force. Analogous methods with isolated walls are similarly reviewed. The results of these different assays are related to the nature of plant cell growth and pertinent biophysical theory. I argue that the extensibilities' measured by these assays are fundamentally different from one another and that some are more pertinent to growth than others.
Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Stoichiometric Mullite (1985)

Stoichiometric mullite powder (3Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) prepared by spray pyrolysis and sintered at 1650°C attained 95% of theoretical density. The flexural strength was 360 MPa at room temperature and decreased slightly at 1400°C. A fairly high K Ic value (2.8 MN/m 3/2 ) was obtained. These mechanical properties can be attributed to the highly homogeneous stoichiometric composition of the raw powder.
Functionalized Hydrogel on Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Noninvasive Glucose Sensing (2015)

Plasmonic nanostructures are intensely investigated as sensors due to their high sensitivity to changes in their nearest dielectric environment. However, additional steps have to be taken to provide specificity for a particular analyte. Here, gold nanoantennas are coated with a thin layer of a boronic acid functionalized hydrogel, which reversibly swells in the presence of glucose. This process is especially sensitive to low glucose concentrations and allows for measurement of values in the physiological millimolar range. The boronic acid is highly specific to glucose, and large molecules, such as proteins, which could cause possible disturbances to the measurements, are successfully blocked from the plasmonic sensing volume by the hydrogel film. Our concept is thus suited to detect physiological glucose levels in the tear liquid under the presence of ambient proteins using functionalized plasmonic sensors on contact lenses at eyesafe wavelengths for optical readout.
Ventricular and Atrial Defibrillation Using New Transvenous Tripolar and Bipolar Leads with 5 French Electrodes and 8 French Subcutaneous Catheters (1991)

This study evaluated the use of new small transvenous atrial and ventricular leads for converting atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 10 adult male mongrel dogs. Five dogs (group A) received a right atrial "J" (AJ) and right ventricular (RV) active fixation tripolar lead, each consisting of a platinized platinum pacing tip, anode band, and braided defibrillation electrode. The remaining five dogs (group B) received one bipolar RV lead and one tripolar AJ lead. The RV leads were implanted in the right ventricular apex (RVA) and the AJ leads were placed in the atrial appendage. Additionally all dogs received two 8 French subcutaneous defibrillation catheters in the fifth and seventh intercostal spaces. Twenty asymmetric biphasic shocks consisting of five randomized voltage levels were used to convert VF in groups A and B. The bipolar RV lead (group B) had a significantly higher probability of success in converting VF than the tripolar RV lead (group A). In group A defibrillation thresholds for converting AF were obtained using two electrode configurations. No significant difference was observed between the two electrode configurations used to convert AF. Pacing and sensing thresholds were satisfactory for bipolar and tripolar lead configuration.
The Research and Implementation of Double Entities TCP Proxy Base on Asynchronous I/O Model (2008)

General single entitie TCP proxy can't satisfy the requirements for high performance in some special applications.By analyzing the implementation mechanism of TCP proxy , we research and implement two entities TCP proxy structure model base on asynchronous I/O model by referring to Finite State Machine of TCP connection management.It has been applied to a secure gateway project successfully.
A Lightweight Tool for Detecting Web Server Attacks. (2000)

We present an intrusion-detection tool focused on web server attacks, and describe why such a tool is needed. Several interesting features will be presented, such as the ability to run in real time and to keep track of suspicious hosts, which simplifies the learning of new attacks. The design is flexible and the signatures used to detect malicious behavior are not limited to simple pattern matching of dangerous cgi scripts, but also considers a history of different types of attacks on a host basis to allow detection of a wide variety of malicious behavior. The tool includes mechanisms for reducing the rate of false alarms. We conclude with a discussion of the information gained from deploying the tool at various sites. 1 1
OCB : An object/class browser for Java (1997)

This paper describes an interactive browser used for exploring the structure of Java objects and their classes. It is implemented in Java and uses JDK 1.1 core reflection classes to discover details of the objects passed to it. The initial motivation for development arose from the need to browse persistent Java stores; the browser may also be useful as part of a symbolic debugging or visualisation tool. 1 Introduction The provision of orthogonal persistence for Java, e.g. [ADJ+96, DHF96, GN96, MCK+96], allows the programmer to create potentially large persistent stores of Java objects. There are a number of ways of discovering the contents of these stores, including interactive browsing, writing programs which navigate inter-object references, and the use of a query language. All of these, and others, will probably be required in practice. This paper describes a visualisation tool called OCB (Object/Class Browser) which addresses the first requirement, supporting the interactive disp...
Correction: S100A8 and S100A9 Are Associated with Colorectal Carcinoma Progression and Contribute to Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Survival and Migration via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway (2013)

Background and Objective: S100A8 and S100A9, two members of the S100 protein family, have been reported in association with the tumor cell differentiation and tumor progression. Previous study has showed that their expression in stromal cells of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is associated with tumor size. Here, we investigated the clinical significances of S100A8 and S100A9 in tumor cells of CRC and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
Predicting usefulness of Yelp reviews with localized linear regression models (2016)

Many websites such as Yelp provide platform for users to write reviews about places they have visited. But not all reviews are equally useful. However, it generally takes from several weeks to months to receive feedback about “usefulness” of review from online community. So there is a need to automatically predict the “usefulness” of review. In this paper, we are trying to solve the specific question “How many ‘useful’ votes a Yelp review will receive?” by using bag-of-words, linguistic, geographical, statistical, popularity and other qualitative features extracted from user, business and review information provided by Yelp. We use state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for regression to predict required numeric value of ‘usefulness’ of review. We further gained performance improvement by introducing a batch mode localized weighted regression model. This localized regression approach resulted into RMSLE of 0.47769, which is better than traditional methods.
Capacitive Creatinine Sensor Based on a Photografted Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (2002)

The first reversible chemosensor to creatinine based on artificial chemoreceptors is described. The receptor layer was prepared by molecularly imprinted photopolymerization of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid and methylenediacrylamide. The polymer layer was grafted onto the surface of gold electrodes coated with an alkanethiol monolayer. Creatinine binding was detected by a decrease in the electrode capacitance. The sensor response is reversible and highly selective: no response to addition of sodium chloride, creatine, urea or glucose were observed. The detection limit for creatinine is 10 μM which is optimal for medical applications.
Primary structure of a molluscan egg-specific NADase, a second-messenger enzyme. (1991)

An egg-specific NADase has been purified from the ovotestis of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. The enzyme converts NAD to cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), which is a potent mobilizer of Ca2+. It is likely that the NADase serves to raise Ca2+ levels in the ova at appropriate times. A 1.2-kb cDNA clone containing the complete coding sequence of the native NADase protein was isolated from an unamplified ovotestis cDNA library and represents the first cloning of an NADase that generates cADPR. In vitro translation studies indicate that the protein initially has a signal sequence that may help to target it to discrete vesicles of the ova in which it is found. There are 12 cysteines in the open reading frame, two of these being in the signal sequence. No part of the sequence has significant similarity to other proteins or known nucleotide binding site consensus sequences. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ selected ovotestis RNA has identified an NADase mRNA of 1.85 kb. In situ hybridization analysis of cryostat sections from ovotestis has shown that the NADase mRNA is restricted to the immature ova, although the NADase protein is present in both immature and mature eggs.
Establishment of a Human Lacrimal Gland Epithelial Culture System with in Vivo Mimicry and its Substrate Modulation (2000)

Culture substrates modulate LG epithelial cell morphology, proliferative rate, and production of the tear protein lactoferrin. Matrigel promotes acinar differentiation to a greater extent than collagen gel and plastic. Incorporation of fibroblasts in substrates promotes ductal differentiation.
Light Sheet Microscopy in Cell Biology (2012)

Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is emerging as a powerful imaging technique for the life sciences. LSFM provides an exceptionally high imaging speed, high signal-to-noise ratio, low level of photo-bleaching, and good optical penetration depth. This unique combination of capabilities makes light sheet-based microscopes highly suitable for live imaging applications. Here, we provide an overview of light sheet-based microscopy assays for in vitro and in vivo imaging of biological samples, including cell extracts, soft gels, and large multicellular organisms. We furthermore describe computational tools for basic image processing and data inspection.
Surveillance mechanism linking Bub1 loss to the p53 pathway (2007)

Bub1 is a kinase believed to function primarily in the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Mutation or aberrant Bub1 expression is associated with chromosomal instability, aneuploidy, and human cancer. We now find that targeting Bub1 by RNAi or simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen in normal human diploid fibroblasts results in premature senescence. Interestingly, cells undergoing replicative senescence were also low in Bub1 expression, although ectopic Bub1 expression in presenescent cells was insufficient to extend lifespan. Premature senescence caused by lower Bub1 levels depends on p53. Senescence induction was blocked by dominant negative p53 expression or depletion of p21(CIP1), a p53 target. Importantly, cells with lower Bub1 levels and inactivated p53 became highly aneuploid. Taken together, our data highlight a role for p53 in monitoring Bub1 function, which may be part of a more general spindle checkpoint surveillance mechanism. Our data support the hypothesis that Bub1 compromise triggers p53-dependent senescence, which limits the production of aneuploid and potentially cancerous cells.