gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Concluding Specification of the Dimensions of the Active Site Model of Pig Liver Esterase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Concluding Specification of the Dimensions of the Active Site Model of Pig Liver EsteraseLouis Provencher and J. Bryan JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2729–2732Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00089a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of anode and insulator materials on plasma focus sheath (pinch) current (1997)

Plasma sheath (pinch) current in a low energy (2.2 kJ) plasma focus device was measured fur different anode and insulator materials. Among the anode materials, the highest sheath current was observed with tungsten and the lowest with aluminum. Among the ceramic insulators the maximum plasma sheath current was obtained with quartz and the minimum with alumina. The computed high Z (atomic number) impurities in plasma sheath, however, were least in the plasma focus with alumina insulator. None of the nonceramic (plastic) insulators produced neutrons, as the plasma sheath was nonuniform and was highly contaminated with impurities.
Automated Emergency Landing System for Drones: SafeEYE Project (2020)

Automated emergency response systems have been the focus for development of more reliable and robust safety systems, from simpler ones to the most complex. For drones, such systems can be designed to allow compliance standards, track safe places for landing and provide an easier development for operational process. Although many works have acknowledged a need for automated response to deal with the increasing drone safety concerns, the literature is still scarce on research incorporating drone operations. Given this outlook, this paper presents the SafeEYE project, which was initiated to develop and commercialise an automated emergency landing system for larger (> 7 kg) drones. The system consists of a small embedded computer, mounted on a drone, that keeps track of safe places to land, or even crash, as well as the health state of the drone. When there is a failure condition, the device can monitor and detect issues using vibration data, select potential landing zones via a convolutional neural network framework and terminate the flight with the least probability of fatalities. This means a significantly reduced risk for automated, typically Beyond Visual Line of Sight, operations. Therefore, SafeEYE has the potential to become a safety enabler for many applications, including farming, inspection, transportation, search and rescue. With the risk mitigation ability, the project aims at achieving formal approval of the Danish authorities and abroad. SafeEYE is planned to be manufactured as a standalone unit, provided first through drone technology suppliers and later to service providers and manufacturers of autopilots.
Self-Organizing and Stochastic Behaviors During the Regeneration of Hair Stem Cells (2011)

Stem cells cycle through active and quiescent states. Large populations of stem cells in an organ may cycle randomly or in a coordinated manner. Although stem cell cycling within single hair follicles has been studied, less is known about regenerative behavior in a hair follicle population. By combining predictive mathematical modeling with in vivo studies in mice and rabbits, we show that a follicle progresses through cycling stages by continuous integration of inputs from intrinsic follicular and extrinsic environmental signals based on universal patterning principles. Signaling from the WNT/bone morphogenetic protein activator/inhibitor pair is coopted to mediate interactions among follicles in the population. This regenerative strategy is robust and versatile because relative activator/inhibitor strengths can be modulated easily, adapting the organism to different physiological and evolutionary needs.
A preliminary investigation of “albert 285” (HWA 285) on psychomotor performance, mood, and memory (1985)

Abstract Eight healthy female volunteers received 150, 300, and 450 mg of HWA 285 and placebo according to a randomized, double‐blind crossover design. The subjects completed a battery of psychological tests including critical flicker fusion (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT), subjective ratings of drug effects (LARS), and a Sternberg memory scanning test (SMST) 1 and 2 hr following treatment. No statistically significant changes from placebo were observed on CFF, CRT, or subjective ratings of drug effects. However, memory as assessed using the Sternberg technique was significantly improved with respect to placebo 1 hr following treatment with HWA 285 at 150, 300, and 450 mg dose levels. The action of the drug was found to be specific in its effects on the central serial comparison stage of the information processing model.
Enkephalinergic Markers in Substantia Nigra and Caudate Nucleus from Parkinsonian Subjects (1984)

Marked reductions in opiate receptor binding (-42%), "enkephalinase" activity (-39%), and Met5-enkephalin levels (-72%) accompanied the well-established dopamine depletion in the substantia nigra pars compacta of Parkinsonian subjects. In contrast, enkephalinergic markers were not significantly modified in caudate nucleus.
Hepatitis A virus detection in food: current and future prospects (2007)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is responsible for around half of the total number of hepatitis infections diagnosed worldwide. HAV infection is mainly propagated via the faecal-oral route and as a consequence of globalisation, transnational outbreaks of foodborne infections are reported with increasing frequency. Molecular procedures are now available and should be employed for the direct surveillance of HAV in food and environmental samples.
Discriminative spatial saliency for image classification (2012)

In many visual classification tasks the spatial distribution of discriminative information is (i) non uniform e.g. person `reading' can be distinguished from `taking a photo' based on the area around the arms i.e. ignoring the legs and (ii) has intra class variations e.g. different readers may hold the books differently. Motivated by these observations, we propose to learn the discriminative spatial saliency of images while simultaneously learning a max margin classifier for a given visual classification task. Using the saliency maps to weight the corresponding visual features improves the discriminative power of the image representation. We treat the saliency maps as latent variables and allow them to adapt to the image content to maximize the classification score, while regularizing the change in the saliency maps. Our experimental results on three challenging datasets, for (i) human action classification, (ii) fine grained classification and (iii) scene classification, demonstrate the effectiveness and wide applicability of the method.
Nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of two satellite RNAs associated with chicory yellow mottle virus (1990)

The two satellite RNAs associated with CYMV infections were sequenced. The larger (sCYMV-L1) has only linear molecules 1145 nucleotides long, a poly(A) tail, a long open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of Mr 39,636 resembling in composition those of other large nepovirus satellite RNAs, a 5' leader sequence of 16 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 40 nucleotides. In vitro translation of sCYMV-L1 yielded a protein product with a size that corresponded to that predicted from the sequence. The smaller satellite (sCYMV-S1) is 457 nucleotides long, has no ORF of significant length and no in vitro messenger activity. Both linear and circular forms of this satellite RNA were detected in infected tissues. Comparison of the sCYMV-S1 primary structure with the sequences of other small nepoviral satellites reveals large regions of homology. Analysis of the secondary structures derived from the sequences of the plus and minus strands suggests possible consensus sequences for their self-cleavage.
Equilibrium versus Compartmental Analysis for Assessment of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Using (+)-α-[<sup>11</sup>C]Dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) and Positron Emission Tomography (1997)

This work compares equilibrium to kinetic analysis of positron emission tomography data for the assessment of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) binding density using (+)-alpha-[11C]dihydrotetrabenazine ((+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ). Studies were performed for 80 minutes after intravenous administration of 18 +/- 1 mCi (+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ on 9 young control subjects, 20 to 45 years of age. A 9-mCi bolus was injected over the first minute of the study, whereas the remaining 9 mCi were infused at a constant rate over the following 79 minutes. Steady-state was reached in both blood and brain by approximately 30 minutes after initiation of the study. Nonlinear least-squares analysis using two- and three-compartment models, weighted integral analysis using a two-compartment configuration, and Logan plot analysis all yielded kinetic estimates of the total tissue distribution volume, DVtot(kin). These results were compared with equilibrium distribution volume estimates, DVtot(eq), calculated from the tissue to metabolite corrected arterial plasma concentration ratio after 30 minutes. Kinetic modeling results from this study were in close agreement with prior bolus-injection (+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ studies. In the current study, coefficients of variation in DVtot(kin) (19% to 23% across regions) and DVtot(eq) (18% to 22%) were nearly identical. Equilibrium estimates of DVtot were slightly lower than kinetic estimates, averaging 5% +/- 9% lower (P = 0.04, paired t test) in regions of high binding density (caudate and putamen), but only 2% +/- 6% (P = 0.09) in lower binding density regions (cortex, thalamus, cerebellum). DVtot(eq) estimates, however, still correlated highly with DVtot(kin) estimates (r = 0.977-0.989). Steady-state conditions can be achieved in both tissue and blood by 30 minutes, and the tissue-to-blood ratios of (+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ at equilibrium yield DVtot(eq) measures that are in close agreement with DVtot(kin) estimates. Thus, a simple, easily tolerated protocol using a loading bolus followed by continuous infusion can provide excellent measures of VMAT2 binding.
Actor based parallel VHDL simulation using time warp (1996)

One of the methods used to reduce the time spent simulating VHDL designs is by parallelizing the simulation. In this paper, we describe the implementation of an object-oriented Time Warp simulator for VHDL on an actor based environment. The actor model of computation allows the exploitation of fine grained parallelism in a truly asynchronous manner and allows for the overlap of computation with communication. Some preliminary results obtained by simulating a set of multipliers and some ISCAS benchmark circuits are provided. In addition, the importance of placing processes based on circuit partitioning techniques for improving runtimes and scalability is demonstrated. Results are reported on a Sun SPARCServer 1000 and an Intel Paragon.
Analysis of a Frequency Acquisition Technique With a Stochastic Reference Clock Generator (2012)

This brief presents a theoretical analysis of the stochastic reference clock generator (SRCG), which creates a clock like periodic signal from a random nonreturn-to-zero data sequence. The output of the SRCG can be utilized as a reference clock for frequency acquisition in dual-loop clock-and-data recovery circuits. A frequency-locked loop (FLL) subsequent to the SRCG guides the voltage-controlled oscillator frequency into the pull-in range of the phase-locked loop while suppressing the high-frequency phase noise of the SRCG. The phase noise and frequency offset of the SRCG-FLL pair are analyzed. The validity of the theoretical analysis is supported by results taken from a test chip.
Novel QRM-MLD algorithm for V-BLAST systems with permuted channel matrix (2009)

The maximum likelihood detection with QR decomposition and M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) has been proposed as a near-optimal multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection scheme which can achieve near maximum likelihood (ML) performance with complexity greatly reduced. However, the performance of the QRM-MLD algorithm will deteriorate with the increasing of the number of transmit antennas, as well as the decreasing of the number of the selected nodes in each stage due to the abandoning of some hypotheses in each step of the tree search. To solve this problem, we modify the QR decomposition method through rearranging the channel columns based on the post-detection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes the process of the abandoning more reliable. Simulation results show that the new proposed algorithms achieve better performance compared with the conventional QRM-MLD algorithm, especially when the number of transmit antennas is large. Additionally, the increase of the complexity is negligible compared with that of the conventional QRM-MLD algorithm.
Enhancement of directional sensitivity of magnetostrictive phased array sensor using a circular comb-shaped nickel patch (2017)

In this paper, we present a magnetostrictive phased array sensor (MPAS) with a polycrystalline nickel patch of a circular comb shape in order for the use of the ultrasonic guided Lamb wave inspection technique. The MPAS was comprised of two main components of the surface-mounted nickel patch and a mobile magnetic circuit device enclosing six sensing coils and center-positioned cylindrical biasing magnets. The magnetic circuit device detects the magnetic property change induced by the elastic wave propagation through the magnetostrictive nickel patch bonded to a thin aluminum plate. The individual sensing coils were configured to have directional preferences specified along the perpendicular direction of the coil winding, and they were arranged in a hexagon with a radius of 0.5” to form a compact-sized phased array sensor. Although the magnetic circuit device contains only six physical sensing coils, the MPAS enables to increase the total numbers of sensing positions by altering the orientation of the magnetic circuit device. The enhanced directional sensing capability of the presented MPAS was achieved as a result of the combined effect on the high magnetic shape anisotropy feature along the individual comb finger directions of the nickel patch and the directional sensitivity of the hexagon magnetic circuit device itself.
Sulfur-Functionalized Graphenes as Macro-Chain-Transfer and RAFT Agents for Producing Graphene Polymer Brushes and Polystyrene Nanocomposites (2012)

Novel families of polystyrene carbon nanocomposites and graphene brushes were prepared by means of free radical styrene grafting using sulfur-functionalized graphene (S-FG) as macro-chain-transfer agent. Two strategies were examined for growing polystyrene chains onto graphite oxide (GO), stearylamine-modified GO (Stearyl-GO), and thermally reduced GO (TRGO): (i) chain transfer with novel thiol-functionalized graphenes and (ii) RAFT-mediated polymerization using dithiourethane-, dithioester- and dithiocarbonate-functionalized graphenes. Novel thiol-functionalized graphenes were obtained from FG either by esterification with 3-mercaptopropionic acid or by reaction with propylene sulfide. The styrene graft polymerization was initiated either with AIBN at 65 °C or by thermal styrene self-initiation at 130 °C. The graphene content, varying between 0 and 5.2 wt %, was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Upon hydrolytic cleavage of the dithiocarbonate linker, the stability of the S-FG dispersion in polystyrene was lost, and the nonbonded S-FG was separated quantitatively from polystyrene by solvent extraction. During melt processing the graphene brushes self-assembled to produce nanoribbons and skeleton-like carbon superstructures, as determined by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both grafting effectiveness and superstructure formation were monitored by means of melt rheology.
Vineyard variability in Marlborough, New Zealand: characterising spatial and temporal changes in fruit composition and juice quality in the vineyard (2011)

Background and Aims: Previous work has demonstrated that vineyards are spatially variable and that this variability can be understood in terms of the underlying characteristics of the land (soils, topography) supporting the vineyard. Selectively harvesting blocks in response to such variability may be highly profitable. While it has also been shown that crop maturation is spatially variable, there may also be temporal variations in the rate of maturation. Integrating knowledge of how spatial variation in fruit composition may be moderated in time has not previously been attempted and is the key objective in this work. Methods and Results: We used a proximal sensor to map vine vigour at high spatial resolution in a 5.9-ha Marlborough vineyard planted with Sauvignon Blanc. Vigour measurements were also related to fruit-soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and pH – key indices of crop maturity. Knowledge of crop phenology and maturation was used to predict how these indices changed with time. The pooled opinions of over 50 Marlborough winemakers on the optimum juice SS, pH and TA at harvest to produce a ‘typical Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc’ were used to develop a juice index (JI), which in turn was mapped in space and time at the study site. The JI showed marked spatial and temporal variation. Conclusions: In addition to being spatially variable, grape quality in vineyards also changed with time. Thus, the optimisation of decisions about harvest timing requires knowledge of spatial variability. Conversely, strategies such as selective harvesting cannot be properly optimized without knowledge of crop phenology, the maturation of fruit and their implications for fruit quality – which are all also spatially variable. In this study, we have shown that, by integrating knowledge of crop phenology with an understanding of vineyard variability and winemaker objectives through the construction of a JI, it is possible for the optimum harvest decision to be made such that fruit destined for a particular end use are harvested at the right time and from the right place. Significance of the Study: This is the first study in which knowledge of both spatial and temporal vineyard variation has been integrated. It demonstrates that in order to be optimal, strategies such as selective harvesting need to incorporate knowledge of crop phenology rather than rely on knowledge of spatial variation alone.
Faraday's Instability for Viscous Fluids (1997)

We derive an exact equation which is nonlocal in time for the linear evolution of the surface of a viscous fluid, and show that this equation becomes local and of second order in an interesting limit. We use our local equation to study Faraday's instability in a strongly dissipative regime and find a new scenario which is the analog of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Analytic and numerical calculations are presented for the threshold of the forcing and for the most unstable mode with impressive agreement with experiments and numerical work on the exact Navier-Stokes equations.
New thermomechanical strategy for production of high strength low alloyed multiphase steel showing transformation induced plasticity effect (1999)

In the past few years a lot of research was carried out on the development of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) assisted multiphase steels. Two principal ways were proposed: (i) controlled cooling during the hot rolling process to obtain hot rolled TRIP assisted multiphase steels and (ii) the combination of intercritical annealing and isothermal holding at bainite formation temperatures during continuous annealing resulting in cold rolled TRIP assisted steel products. Unfortunately, both thermomechanical methods proposed require a high silicon level to inhibit cementite precipitation to avoid a loss of stability for the metastable retained austenite. In addition, due to high silicon levels, red scale surface defects appear and only moderate hot dip galvanisability is possible. In this paper a new thermomechanical strategy for the production of high strength low alloyed TRIP assisted multiphase steels with good hot dip galvanisability and without red scale defects will be presented.
Predictive coding of intra prediction modes for high efficiency video coding (2012)

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standardization process currently underway includes many tools for the coding of intra pictures. HEVC allows for many more intra prediction modes or directions as compared to previous standards. Efficient coding of these modes is therefore important because the modes consume a non-negligible portion of the total bit-stream used for coding intra pictures. In this paper, a predictive coding method is proposed to reduce the number of bits needed for signaling the intra prediction modes, where the spatial angular correlation between the intra prediction mode of the current Prediction Unit (PU) and the neighboring PUs is computed using a few modulo-N arithmetic operations that do not impact encoder or decoder run-times. The proposed method provides similar or greater improvements in compression efficiency as compared to competing tools, while requiring no changes to the existing bit-stream syntax.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue: A Review (2015)

Dengue is an arthropod borne disease that has become important worldwide. There is still no specific drug available for treatment and also no protective vaccine that can be used. As such, specific diagnosis is essential to enable good management and prevention of large outbreaks. Diagnosis today in many countries is still based on serology though the detection of NS1 has slowly become incorporated. Diagnosis is critical for early intervention with specific preventive health measures to prevent fatalities and also to curtail spread and reduce economic losses. Serological assays mainly detect IgM which now as a single test is invalid unless a second sample is taken to confirm. As such to effectively diagnose dengue at all stages of infection, assays with two or more markers are required or two samples taken a few days apart. Other commonly used tests include NS1 detection, nucleic acid amplification and IgG detection. However the sensitivities of the current commercial kits vary quite considerably and have to be interpreted with caution. Hence knowledge of this disease is essential when conducting diagnostics for dengue.