gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Goodness of Link Tests for Generalized Linear Models (1980)

SUMMARY Data analytic procedures are proposed to examine the adequacy of the hypothesized link used in fitting a generalized linear model. Through model expansion and linearization, tests and estimation techniques are provided. These procedures, along with the release of GLIM3, enable the user to examine routinely and objectively the fit of an hypothesized model. Examples are presented to illustrate the testing and fitting procedure.
Functionalization and Dispersion of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h‐BN) Nanosheets Treated with Inorganic Reagents (2012)

A mixture of bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with hydrazine, 30% H(2)O(2), HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4), or oleum was heated in an autoclave at 100 °C to produce functionalized h-BN. The product formed stable colloid solutions in water (0.26-0.32 g L(-1)) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.34-0.52 g L(-1)) upon mild ultrasonication. The yield of "soluble" h-BN reached about 70 wt%. The dispersions contained few-layered h-BN nanosheets with lateral dimensions in the order of several hundred nanometers. The functionalized dispersible h-BN was characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is shown that h-BN preserves its hexagonal structure throughout the functionalization procedure. Its exfoliation into thin platelets upon contact with solvents is probably owing to the attachment of hydrophilic functionalities.
Enhanced Attachment and Growth of Human Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Veins on Ammonia Plasma Modified Surfaces of Ptfe and EPTFE Synthetic Vascular Graft Biomaterials (1993)

Ammonia plasma generated by electrical discharge at low pressure was employed for the surface modification of PTFE and ePTFE. A new chemistry at the plasma treated surfaces is reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed the incorporation of C-N, C-O, C = O etc functional groups on the plasma treated surfaces. Human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins (HUEC) were used to seed the plasma treated PTFE and ePTFE surfaces to assess the attachment and growth. Enhanced attachment and growth of HUEC was observed on the plasma treated surfaces. In addition, the performance of these surfaces in this respect was found to be considerably superior to human collagen or human fibronectin or collagen-fibronectin coated PTFE. HUEC attachment and growth on these plasma treated surfaces was further enhanced by immobilizing collagen or fibronectin or collagen-fibronectin. Ammonia plasma treated and untreated ePTFE vascular graft samples were seeded with 3.6 X 10(4) cells/sample. At 24 hrs after seeding, HUEC cell attachment was studied. Although, HUEC attachment on collagen or fibronectin coated ePTFE was improved, but there was no significant difference between the number of cells attached to these surfaces when compared with those adhered to plasma treated ePTFE without collagen or fibronectin coating. Collagen or fibronectin coated plasma treated surfaces showed better performance over their respective controls.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYCLIC MECHANISM IN THE CLEAVAGE OF BENZILS WITH ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (1980)

Abstract Die Bildung von Gemischen des Esters (II) mit den Säuren (III) bei der Spaltung der Benzile (I) mit H 2 O 2 in wäßrig‐methanolischem NaOH verläuft offenbar nach einem acyclischen Mechanismus: Bei der (Ia)‐Spaltung z.B. geht das Primärprodukt (IV) unter Acylverschiebung (Umlagerung vom Baeyer‐Villiger‐Typ) in das Anhydrid‐ Intermediäre (V) über.
Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack in Maintaining Mating Behavior of Sexually Experienced Castrated Male Rats (1999)

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in maintaining mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats after dosing them with 500 mg/kg daily of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and later continued for two weeks where the rats were then castrated. The similar dosage was then continued for 12 weeks post-castration. However, of testosterone was administered subcutaneously on the day of castration and lasted for 6 weeks post-castration but later raised to until 12 week post-castration. Tests were conducted weekly from 2-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks post-castration. Results showed that all the experimental male rats exhibited mating behavior before castration. Further results also indicated that E. longifolia Jack successfully maintained mating behavior but less than precastration level from 2-6 weeks and later increased from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Similarly, of testosterone was effective in maintaining mating behavior from 2-6 weeks post-castration. However, of testosterone managed to return the male rats to the precastration level with all male rats exhibited mating behavior from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Further results also indicated that testosterone significantly increased the penis weights (p
Intracellular pH (pHi) of Red Cells Stored in Acid Citrate Dextrose Medium (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Resin-ionomer and hybrid-ionomer cements: Part I. Comparison of three materials for the treatment of subgingival root lesions. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of three different restorative materials for the treatment of subgingival root lesions. Eighteen recently extracted teeth were used to test the depth of cure and the surface characteristics of these products. Although none of the materials tested exhibited all of the author's ideal characteristics for a subgingival restoration, one restorative material displayed the most favorable result.
Antigenic heterogeneity of a human melanoma tumor detected by autologous CTL clones (1988)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a melanoma patient were stimulated with autologous melanoma cells in mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures (MLTC). After three restimulations, the lytic activity of the responder cells directed against the autologous melanoma cells was higher than that against K-562 and autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line (EBV-B) cells. From these MLTC-responder cells, we derived specific cytolytic T cell (CTL) clones that lysed the autologous melanoma cells and did not lyse K-562 or autologous EBV-B cells. Autologous melanoma clones were found that were resistant to some or all of these CTL clones. The autologous CTL clones recognized at least two different antigens (A, B) on the melanoma cells and three types of melanoma clones could be distinguished (A+B+, A+B-, A-B-). This antigenic heterogeneity of melanoma clones was confirmed by testing the CTL clones in cold target competition and also in antigen-dependent CTL proliferation assays performed with very small numbers of stimulator cells. The data further indicated an instability of the expression of a melanoma-associated antigen in the course of a long culture period. Among the melanoma clones that expressed antigen A, one was found to stimulate the proliferation of anti-A CTL clones much more effectively than the others. This represents a new type of heterogeneity among tumor cells which may be of significance for the elicitation of an autologous anti-tumoral immune response.
The SWISS-PROT protein sequence data bank (1992)

SWISS-PROT is an annotated protein sequence database established in 1986 and maintained collaboratively, since 1988, by the Department of Medical Biochemistry of the University of Geneva and the EMBL Data Library
Interaction of amorphous MoNi<i>x</i> alloys with silicon (1990)

The interaction of amorphous MoNix alloys with silicon has been investigated by glancing-angle x-ray diffraction, Auger-electron spectroscopy, and sheet-resistance measurements in the temperature range 500–700 °C. Mo-rich alloys (Mo80Ni20 and Mo65Ni35) were found to react with silicon at ∼550 °C while nickel-rich alloys (Mo32Ni68) react at ∼500 °C to form silicides. In Mo-rich alloys, the initial reaction occurs due to out-diffusion of nickel from the alloy and in-diffusion of silicon into the alloy, while in nickel-rich alloys the initial reaction occurs due to out-diffusion of nickel only. In the initial phase of the reaction, a mixture of several crystalline phases of molybdenum and molybdenum and nickel silicides is observed. At higher temperature, however, a two-layer structure MoSi2 +NiSi(NiSi2)/ NiSi(NiSi2)/ Si(100) is formed in both cases.
Preparation of Fine Ammonium Perchlorate by Freeze-Drying. (1997)

高燃焼速度の過塩素酸アンモニウム (過安) 系コンポジット推進薬を得るためには微粒過安, 特に10×10-6m以下の過安が必要である.本実験では, 次のような凍結乾燥法により安全に球状の10×10-6m以下の微粒過安を調製する方法を開発した.この方法とは, 水や過安をほとんど溶解しない有機溶剤を過安水溶液中に分散させてO/W型エマルションを生成し, それを液体窒素に注ぎ凍結させ, その凍結物を凍結乾燥するものである.調製された過安の平均粒径 (Dav [m]) は, 過安水溶液と有機溶剤の界面張力 (σ [N・m-1]) によって決まり, 0.5×10-2N・m-1≦σ≦4.9×10-2N・m-1の範囲内で, Dav= 0.186 ×10-6で表された.なお, 界面活性剤の添加は, σの低下に有効であったが, トルエン以外の有機溶剤では, 調製過程中に泡沫が発生したために, Davは上述の関係式からはずれて大きくなり, 球状以外の粒子が大半を占めた.
Influence of the parameters of a pulsed electron beam on the removal of nitrogen oxides from flue gases (1998)

Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the oxidation of small quantities of nitrogen oxides in air irradiated by a pulsed electron beam. It is shown that the impurity removal process is strongly influenced by the pulse length and current density of the electron beam. It is noted that an adequate model is needed to describe the plasma-chemical oxidation processes of nitrogen oxides involving charged and excited particles.
Value object (2006)

Implement datatypes as immutable classes so that their instances can be handled similar to built-in values.
On the Effect of Variations in paper composition on print quality (2009)

During the last few years, digital printing technology has begun to play a significant role in the printing industry due to the quest for short runs and variable data printing. Digital printing using inkjet technology makes heavy demands on the paper's ability to rapidly absorb liquid and thereby increases the need to understand what parameters that affect the dynamics and interactions between paper and ink and how print quality is affected by these parameters. In this paper, the print quality for nine pilot papers with varying composition and eight different commercial papers has been studied. The printouts have been made with two small office/Home office printers; the print quality measurements for this study have been line quality-measurements and color -gamut volume measurements. The line quality and the color gamut volume for the commercial papers and the pilot papers are discussed.
Vaccinia Virus Expression Vector: Coexpression of β-Galactosidase Provides Visual Screening of Recombinant Virus Plaques (1985)

We constructed a plasmid coexpression vector that directs the insertion of a foreign gene of interest together with the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta gal) gene into the thymidine kinase (TK) locus of the vaccinia virus genome. Tissue culture cells that had been infected with vaccinia virus were transfected with a plasmid vector containing a foreign gene. TK- recombinants could be selected by a plaque assay on TK- cells in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and distinguished from spontaneous TK- mutants by the addition of a beta-gal indicator to the agarose overlay. Plaques that expressed beta-gal stained dark blue within several hours at 37 degrees C. Alternatively, TK- selection could be eliminated, and recombinant plaques could be readily identified solely by their blue color. The reverse procedure, in which the starting virus expresses beta-gal (i.e., forms blue plaques) and the desired recombinant has deleted the entire beta-gal gene (i.e., forms white plaques), is another alternative. Each protocol was tested by constructing vaccinia virus recombinants that express hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
Leptin Activation of Corticosterone Production in Hepatocytes May Contribute to the Reversal of Obesity and Hyperglycemia in Leptin-Deficient <i>ob</i>/<i>ob</i> Mice (2003)

Glucocorticoids have been implicated as pathophysiological mediators of obesity and insulin resistance and are regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). This enzyme regenerates active corticosterone from inactive 11-keto forms. To assess the role of 11beta-HSD1-mediated synthesis of active corticosterone in leptin-related obesity and diabetes, we examined the peripheral effect of leptin on 11beta-HSD1 activity and gene expression in vivo and in vitro in hepatocytes from ob/ob mice and in liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated ob/ob mice. We observed an inverse relationship between hepatic 11beta-HSD1 expression and body weight in ob/ob mice and lean littermates. Leptin treatment of ob/ob mice markedly increased hepatic 11beta-HSD1 activity and mRNA expression. This induction of 11beta-HSD1 expression corresponded to reduced levels of circulating corticosterone and weight loss in ob/ob mice treated with leptin, indicating that impaired hepatic 11beta-HSD1 expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity in ob/ob mice. In addition, leptin treatment of STZ-treated ob/ob mice caused marked increases in hepatic 11beta-HSD1 levels associated with decreased body weight and a significant reduction in hyperglycemia due to pancreatic beta-cell damage. Addition of leptin to ob/ob mouse primary hepatocytes led to a dose-dependent increase in 11beta-HSD1 mRNA expression. In contrast, leptin did not influence 11beta-HSD1 expression in primary hepatocytes from db/db mice, indicating that leptin regulation of 11beta-HSD1 expression is probably mediated by the functional leptin receptor. Thus, leptin appears to be an important metabolic signal that directly activates intrahepatic corticosterone production. These findings suggest that the liver-specific interaction of leptin with 11beta-HSD1 is involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice.
Gradient-Based Optimization of Hyperparameters (2000)

Many machine learning algorithms can be formulated as the minimization of a training criterion that involves a hyperparameter. This hyperparameter is usually chosen by trial and error with a model selection criterion. In this article we present a methodology to optimize several hyperparameters, based on the computation of the gradient of a model selection criterion with respect to the hyperparameters. In the case of a quadratic training criterion, the gradient of the selection criterion with respect to the hyperparameters is efficiently computed by backpropagating through a Cholesky decomposition. In the more general case, we show that the implicit function theorem can be used to derive a formula for the hyperparameter gradient involving second derivatives of the training criterion.
E.S.R. studies of some polycyclic semiquinones and derived radicals (1975)

Oxidation of various 2,2?-dihydroxybiphenyls and binaphthyls gave ex. spectra which revealed no evidence of equal sharing of the unpaired electron between the two halves of the molecule. By contrast reduction of 3,3?- and 4,4?-di-t-butyl-2,5,2?,5?-diphenoquinones and of 2,2?-di- 1,4-naphthoquinone gave symmetrical spectra indicating rapid spin exchange between the rings. The species responsible are radical monoanions. Secondary radicals formed from naphthoquinones indicated the occurrence of hydroxylation. The formation of a substituted furan was also observed. The absence of splitting by one of the aromatic ring hydrogens in 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthosemiquinones was noted and examination of a series of bromo-2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1,4-naphthoquinones showed that splitting decreased in the order aH(6) &gt; aH(8) &gt; aH(5) &gt; aH(7) with aH(7), like aH(3) in the semiquinones without a phenyl substituent at this position, usually being too small to be resolved.
Regulation of phosphatidylinositol:ceramide phosphoinositol transferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)

Maximal phosphatidylinositol:ceramide phosphoinositol transferase activity was measured in yeast cells harvested during the exponential phase of growth. The addition of inositol to the growth medium resulted in a twofold increase in IPC synthase activity in cells grown in the presence or absence of exogenous choline. Enzyme activity was not regulated in yeast inositol biosynthesis regulatory mutants by the addition of inositol to the growth medium.
An epigenetic view of plant cells cultured in vitro: somaclonal variation and beyond (2011)

Epigenetic mechanisms are highly dynamic events that modulate gene expression. As more accurate and powerful tools for epigenetic analysis become available for application in a broader range of plant species, analysis of the epigenetic landscape of plant cell cultures may turn out to be crucial for understanding variant phenotypes. In vitro plant cell and tissue culture methodologies are important for many ongoing plant propagation and breeding programmes as well as for cutting-edge research in several plant model species. Although it has long been known that in vitro conditions induce variation at several levels, most studies using such conditions rely on the assumption that in vitro cultured plant cells/tissues mostly conform genotypically and phenotypically. However, when large-scale clonal propagation is the aim, there has been a concern in confirming true-to-typeness using molecular markers for evaluating stability. While in most reports genetic variation has been found to occur at relatively modest frequencies, variation in DNA methylation patterns seems to be much more frequent and in some cases it has been directly implicated in phenotypic variation. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have uncovered highly dynamic mechanisms of chromatin remodelling occurring during cell dedifferentiation and differentiation processes on which in vitro adventitious plant regeneration systems are based. Here, an overview of recent findings related to developmental switches occurring during in vitro culture is presented. Additionally, an update on the detection of epigenetic variation in plant cell cultures will be provided and discussed in the light of recent progress in the plant epigenetics field.
Detection of distorted q.a.m. signals (1977)

The paper considers various iterative detection processes that are suitable for use in a synchronous serial data-transmission system in which a q.a.m. signal is fed over a telephone circuit or h.f. radio link at a transmission rate of up to 20 000 bits/s. Reasons are first given for the study of q.a.m. systems. The methods of operation of the different detection processes are then described, and, finally, the results of computer simulation tests are presented, comparing the tolerances of the detection processes to additive white Gaussiannoise with the tolerance of a nonlinear equaliser of optimum design. Several different time-invariant channels are used in the tests. It is shown that a relatively simple detection process can achieve a useful improvement in tolerance to noise over the nonlinear equaliser.
Inhibition of Subtilisin BPN′ by Reaction Site P1 Mutants of Streptomyces Subtilisin Inhibitor1 (1991)

It has been shown that the P1 site (the center of the reactive site) of protease inhibitors corresponds to the specificity of the cognate protease, and consequently specificity of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) can be altered by substitution of a single amino acid at the P1 site. In this paper, to investigate whether similar correlation between inhibitory activity of mutated SSI and substrate preference of protease is observed for subtilisin BPN', which has broad substrate specificity, a complete set of mutants of SSI at the reaction site P1 (position 73) was constructed by cassette and site-directed mutagenesis and their inhibitory activities toward subtilisin BPN' were measured. Mutated SSIs which have a polar (Ser, Thr, Gln, Asn), basic (Lys, Arg), or aromatic amino acid (Tyr, Phe, Trp, His), or Ala or Leu, at the P1 site showed almost the same strong inhibitory activity toward subtilisin as the wild type (Met) SSI. However, the inhibitory activity of SSI variants with an acidic (Glu, Asp), or a beta-branched aliphatic amino acid (Val, Ile), or Gly or Pro, at P1 was decreased. The values of the inhibitor constant (Ki) of mutated SSIs toward subtilisin BPN' were consistent with the substrate preference of subtilisin BPN'. A linear correlation was observed between log(1/Ki) of mutated SSIs and log(1/Km) of synthetic substrates. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory activities of P1 site mutants of SSI are linearly related to the substrate preference of subtilisin BPN', and indicate that the binding mode of the inhibitors with the protease may be similar to that of substrates, as in the case of trypsin and chymotrypsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Behaviour of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-Benzo[D]Imidazole-2-Thione towards Amines under Mannich-Type Condition (2000)

2,3-Dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thione (1) was subjected to a Mannich reaction with either dimethylamine, urotropine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, (±) 3,3,5 trimethylhexahydroazepine, piperazine or p-bromoaniline and formalin in different molar ratios to afford the Mannich bases. The reactivity of the Mannich base 5a towards indole was also investigated. In addition the condensation of hydroxymethyl derivative 10 with morpholine, benzimidazole, p-bromoaniline, tryptamine and aminiothiazole was achieved.
Combinations of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine) and phosphonoformate (foscarnet) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro (1989)

Combinations of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and phosphonoformate produced a moderate synergistic inhibitory effect against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro at concentrations that are easily achieved in humans. The synergistic effect was more pronounced with increasing concentrations and was not secondary to toxic effects of the drugs. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine neither inhibited the replication of human cytomegalovirus in human embryonic lung fibroblasts nor interfered with the anticytomegalovirus effect of phosphonoformate. By using partially purified reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase, various combinations of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate and phosphonoformate produced strong indications of additive interactions. The synergistic interactions in infected cells and the additive effects observed at the reverse transcriptase level indicate that mechanisms other than the reverse transcriptase may be of importance for the inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by these two compounds. A concomitant treatment of cytomegalovirus infections, such as cytomegalovirus retinitis, with phosphonoformate in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome receiving 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine may be appropriate, and this combination may also be useful in controlling human immunodeficiency virus infection.