gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New fluorescent analogs of cAMP and cGMP available as substrates for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. (1982)

The synthesis of fluorescent derivatives of cAMP and cGMP, by reaction with isatoic anhydride in aqueous solution at mild pH and temperature, yielding 2'-O-anthraniloyl derivatives of cyclic nucleotides, is here described. 2'-O-(N-Methylanthraniloyl) derivatives were also synthesized by reaction with N-methylisatoic anhydride. Upon excitation at 330-350 nm, these derivatives exhibited maximum fluorescence emission at 430-445 nm in aqueous solution with quantum yields of 0.11-0.26. Their fluorescence was sensitive to the polarity of solvent; in N,N-dimethylformamide quantum yields of 0.8-0.95. The major differences between the two fluorophores were the longer wavelength of the emission maximum of the N-methylanthraniloyl group and its greater quantum yield. The derivatives were substrates for beef heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, 15-24% as effective as the natural substrate cAMP. When combined with thin layer chromatography techniques, two apparent Km values (3-4 microM and 36-76 microM) for the cAMP derivatives and one value (10-18 microM) for the cGMP derivatives were obtained. The results indicate that these 2'-hydroxyl-modified cAMP and cGMP can be useful fluorescent substrate analogs for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
FUZZY OPTIMUM DESIGN OF THE TANKER MIDSHIP SECTION WITH STATIC AND DYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS (1989)

In ship construction, steel casts are primarily dependent upon the design of the midship section. This paper presents the Bound Search Method, based on fuzzy decision making, as a way of solving fuzzy optimization problems for such ship structures. As an example, a tanker midship section is designed using the method. It is thereby shown that the Bound Search Method is convenient to use and can save steel material. The application of fuzzy set theory to structural optimization may therefore be a useful contribution to the design philosophy of ship structures.
Rapid hybrid interpolation methods (2004)

We propose rapid hybrid interpolation methods that employ more than one interpolation algorithm, and choose the most appropriate interpolation algorithm that provides high-quality images with a minimum number of operations. Although a complex interpolation algorithm generally outperforms a simple interpolation algorithm, the differences are negligible for most pixels, with major differences occurring around edges. Thus, in the proposed algorithm, we first apply a test to predict which interpolation is most appropriate for a given pixel in terms of complexity and performance. Then, a simple interpolation algorithm is used for pixels for which the simple interpolation algorithm provides acceptable performances, and a complex interpolation algorithm is used for pixels for which the complex interpolation algorithm significantly outperforms the simple interpolation algorithm. Consequently, it is possible to obtain high-quality images without significantly increasing the number of operations.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor SU9516 enhances sensitivity to methotrexate in human T‐cell leukemia Jurkat cells (2009)

Methotrexate (MTX) has been used to treat various hematological malignancies. Since MTX prevents tumor cells from proliferating by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), DHFR expression is a key determinant of resistance to MTX in malignant hematological tumor cells. The antiproliferative effect of MTX was significantly enhanced by the knockdown of DHFR expression by siRNA in Jurkat cells. Therefore, a novel strategy down-regulating DHFR expression seems promising for enhancing sensitivity to MTX. We found that SU9516, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, reduced the expression of both DHFR mRNA and protein. Moreover, we found that DHFR promoter activity was attenuated by SU9516 dependent on the E2F site. Finally, pretreatment with SU9516 significantly enhanced sensitivity to MTX in a colony formation assay. We conclude that a combination of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and MTX may be useful for overcoming resistance to MTX.
Precursor Acquisition Independent From Ion Count: How to Dive Deeper into the Proteomics Ocean (2009)

Data-dependent precursor ion selection is widely used in shotgun proteomics to profile the protein components of complex samples. Although very popular, this bottom-up method presents major drawbacks in terms of detectable dynamic range. Here, we demonstrate the superior performance of a data-independent method we term precursor acquisition independent from ion count (PAcIFIC). Our results show that almost the entire, predicted, soluble bacterial proteome can be thoroughly analyzed by PAcIFIC without the need for any sample fractionation other than the C18-based liquid chromatograph used to introduce the peptide mixture into the mass spectrometer. Importantly, we also show that PAcIFIC provides unique performance for analysis of human plasma in terms of the number of proteins identified (746 at FDR < or = 0.5%) and achieved dynamic range (8 orders of magnitude at FDR < or = 0.5%), without any fractionation other than immuno-depletion of the seven most abundant proteins.
Microbiological evaluation of the intraruminal in sacculus digestion technique (1986)

The influence of nature of the feed sample, feeding frequency and pore size on the influx of bacteria and protozoa into synthetic fiber bags suspended in the rumens of sheep fed different diets was studied. Counts of total culturable bacteria in bags with a pore size of 10 microns were less than 30% of the ruminal counts for animals that were fed the lucerne hay and high-roughage diets. The maximum count (62 and 82% of the ruminal count) for these specific diets was obtained by using bags with a pore size of 53 microns. Protozoal counts in bags with pore sizes of 30 and 53 microns were equal to or higher than the ruminal counts for the lucerne hay and high-roughage diets but less than half of the ruminal count for the low-roughage diet. An interaction between incubation time, feeding frequency of the host animals, and the microbial populations developing inside the bags was also demonstrated. The results clearly show that the microbial population inside the bag differed from that of the surrounding ruminal ingesta and that caution must be taken in interpreting results on feed evaluation and especially on rates of degradation when using the in sacculus technique. Factors influencing the influx of bacteria and protozoa into bags with different pore sizes and containing a variety of substrates are discussed together with suggestions for the use of this technique.
[Congenital hemiplegia. A disease with manifold problems]. (2007)

Congenital hemiplegia, defined as unilateral motor disability, is the hemiplegic type of cerebral palsy. The prevalence of congenital hemiplegia is estimated to be about 0.41-0.79/1000 live births. We examined 223 children (122 boys and 101 girls) suffering from congenital hemiplegia at the age of 3 months to 12 years. Mild hemiplegia was found in 31%, a moderate form in 48%, and a severe form in 21%. The upper limb was affected in more than half of the patients, only the lower extremity in one third, and both upper and lower limbs in 20%. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were found in 75.8% of the patients. The most frequent type of epilepsy was complex partial seizures (33%). Severity of the motor handicap, grade of EEG abnormalities, and the prevalence of epilepsy showed a significant correlation. The magnitude of the lesions in neuroimaging directly correlated with these three clinical variables, particularly in children with cortical and subcortical defects (84.2%). Strabismus was the most common visual impairment (17%), while hearing impairment was found in 8% of the patients. Of them, 38.3% showed no cognitive deficits, while those with severe congenital hemiplegia were found to have a lower intelligence quotient.
5-Amino-4-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1,6-naphthyridine-8-carbonitrile (2001)

In the title compound, C29H30N6O, the naphthyridine moiety is planar with a dihedral angle between the fused rings of 1.9 (1) degrees. The phenol ring is nearly coplanar, while the diethylaminophenyl substituent is orthogonal to the central naphthyridine ring and the pyrrolidine ring makes an angle of 11.2 (1) degrees with it. The O atom of the hydroxy substituent is coplanar with the phenyl ring to which it is attached. The molecular structure is stabilized by a C-H...N-type intramolecular hydrogen bond and the packing is stabilized by intermolecular C-H...pi, O-H...N and N-H...O hydrogen bonds.
Transdermal delivery of a ~13 kDa protein—an<i>in vivo</i>comparison of physical enhancement methods (2010)

The availability of several enhancement techniques has made it possible to study delivery of macromolecules through skin. This study was conducted to evaluate the transdermal delivery of a ~13 kDa protein using iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and microneedles alone or in combination. In vivo delivery experiments were carried out using hairless rats with daniplestim (DP) as the model protein (molecular weight: 12.760 kDa; isoelectric point, 6.2). Delivery enhancement abilities of the above techniques were evaluated at two different drug concentrations in the patch: 2 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL. At a drug loading concentration of 2 mg/mL maximum delivery was seen with the combination of microneedles and iontophoresis. At 5 mg/mL, sonophoresis alone gave a C(max) of 8.22 +/- 5.9 ng/mL and a combination of sonophoresis and iontophoresis gave a C(max) of 4.9 +/- 1.8 ng/mL. The results of this study suggest that combination of microneedles and iontophoresis was the most effective approach in delivering a 13 kDa protein through the skin.
[Characteristics of the clinical course, pathogenesis and treatment of torsion dystonia in childhood]. (1989)

A total of 150 patients, predominantly children, with torsion dystonia++ (TD) were investigated. Their clinical syndromes, pathogenesis and results of treatment were analyzed. Prominent features were interfamilial (true heterogeneity) and intrafamilial clinical polymorphism of the disease. Autosome-dominant++ type of inheritance was found in 15 families and the autosome-recessive in 10. With respect to the clinical syndrome, 2 forms of TD were singled out: dystonic-hyperkinetic++ and rigid. These were different in the neurotransmitter metabolism. Long-term follow-up of the patients (2 to 20 years) proved a high efficiency of treatment with low doses of DOPA-containing drugs in rigid forms of TD.
EXTRACTION OF BUILDING BOUNDARY LINES FROM AIRBORNELIDAR POINT CLOUDS (2016)

Abstract. Building boundary lines are important spatial features that characterize the topographic maps and three-dimensional (3D) city models. Airborne LiDAR Point clouds provide adequate 3D spatial information for building boundary mapping. However, information of boundary features contained in point clouds is implicit. This study focuses on developing an automatic algorithm of building boundary line extraction from airborne LiDAR data. In an airborne LiDAR dataset, top surfaces of buildings, such as roofs, tend to have densely distributed points, but vertical surfaces, such as walls, usually have sparsely distributed points or even no points. The intersection lines of roof and wall planes are, therefore, not clearly defined in point clouds. This paper proposes a novel method to extract those boundary lines of building edges. The extracted line features can be used as fundamental data to generate topographic maps of 3D city model for an urban area. The proposed method includes two major process steps. The first step is to extract building boundary points from point clouds. Then the second step is followed to form building boundary line features based on the extracted boundary points. In this step, a line fitting algorithm is developed to improve the edge extraction from LiDAR data. Eight test objects, including 4 simple low buildings and 4 complicated tall buildings, were selected from the buildings in NCKU campus. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in extracting complicate building boundary lines. Some results which are not as good as expected suggest the need of further improvement of the method.
<i>In Situ</i> Formation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals Embedded in Laser-Induced Graphene (2015)

Hybrid materials incorporating the advantages of graphene and nanoparticles have been widely studied. Here we develop an improved cost-effective approach for preparation of porous graphene embedded with various types of nanoparticles. Direct laser scribing on metal-complex-containing polyimide film leads to in situ formation of nanoparticles embedded in porous graphene. These materials are highly active in electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions, converting O2 into OH(-), with a low metal loading of less than 1 at. %. In addition, the nanoparticles can vary from metal oxide to metal dichalcogenides through lateral doping, making the composite active in other electrocatalytic reactions such as hydrogen evolution.
The Antidiabetic Activity of Aloes: Preliminary Clinical and Experimental Observations (1986)

The dried sap of the aloe plant (aloes) is one of several traditional remedies used for diabetes in the Arabian peninsula. Its ability to lower the blood glucose was studied in 5 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and in Swiss albino mice made diabetic using alloxan. During the ingestion of aloes, half a teaspoonful daily for 4–14 weeks, the fasting serum glucose level fell in every patient from a mean of 273 ± 25 (SE) to 151 ± 23 mg/dl (p < 0.05) with no change in body weight. In normal mice, both glibenclamide (10 mg/kg twice daily) and aloes (500 mg/kg twice daily) induced hypoglycaemia after 5 days, 71 ± 6.2 and 91 ± 7.6 mg/dl, respectively, versus 130 ± 7 mg/dl in control animals (p < 0.01); only glibenclamide was effective after 3 days. In the diabetic mice, fasting plasma glucose was significantly reduced by glibenclamide and aloes after 3 days. Thereafter only aloes was effective and by day 7 the plasma glucose was 394 ± 22.0 versus 646 ± 35.9 mg/dl, in the controls and 726 ± 30.9 mg/dl in the glibenclamide treated group (p < 0.01). We conclude that aloes contains a hypoglycaemic agent which lowers the blood glucose by as yet unknown mechanisms.
Superconductivity in hydrogen-charged copper-implanted palladium. Final report (1981)

Histamine regulates a variety of physiological processes including inflammation, gastric acid secretion, and neurotransmission. The cellular response to histamine is subject to dynamic control, and exaggerated histamine reactivity in response to cysteinyl leukotrienes and other stimuli is important in a variety of different pathological conditions. The molecular mechanisms controlling histamine responsiveness are still unresolved. In investigating histamine responses in embryonic stem (ES5) and F9 embryonic carcinoma cells, we encountered a novel mechanism controlling the cellular reaction to histamine. Unstimulated cells displayed neither [3H]pyrilamine binding nor histamine-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Pretreatment of these cells, however, with leukotriene D4, leukotriene E4, serotonin, or fetal calf serum induced an immediate and transient ability of these cells to respond to histamine with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. This effect could be inhibited by pertussis toxin and was mimicked by GTP analogues. Importantly, the latter compounds also provoked immediate high affinity [3H]pyrilamine binding. We conclude that in these cells histamine responsiveness is directly controlled by pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors, whose activation enables the H1 receptor to bind its ligand. These findings define a novel mechanism for regulating histamine H1 receptor activity and provide for the first time molecular insight into the mechanism by which cysteinyl leukotrienes and other external stimuli can increase histamine responsiveness.
Positively Charged Residues Are the Major Determinants of Ribosomal Velocity (2013)

Both for understanding mechanisms of disease and for the design of transgenes, it is important to understand the determinants of ribosome velocity, as changes in the rate of translation are important for protein folding, error attenuation, and localization. While there is great variation in ribosomal occupancy along even a single transcript, what determines a ribosome's occupancy is unclear. We examine this issue using data from a ribosomal footprinting assay in yeast. While codon usage is classically considered a major determinant, we find no evidence for this. By contrast, we find that positively charged amino acids greatly retard ribosomes downstream from where they are encoded, consistent with the suggestion that positively charged residues interact with the negatively charged ribosomal exit tunnel. Such slowing is independent of and greater than the average effect owing to mRNA folding. The effect of charged amino acids is additive, with ribosomal occupancy well-predicted by a linear fit to the density of positively charged residues. We thus expect that a translated poly-A tail, encoding for positively charged lysines regardless of the reading frame, would act as a sandtrap for the ribosome, consistent with experimental data.
Pulmonary transplantation of macrophage progenitors as effective and long-lasting therapy for hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (2014)

Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP) is a rare lung disease caused by mutations in the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor genes, resulting in disturbed alveolar macrophage differentiation, massive alveolar proteinosis, and life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. So far, the only effective treatment for herPAP is repetitive whole-lung lavage, a merely symptomatic and highly invasive procedure. We introduce pulmonary transplantation of macrophage progenitors as effective and long-lasting therapy for herPAP. In a murine disease model, intrapulmonary transplanted macrophage progenitors displayed selective, long-term pulmonary engraftment and differentiation into functional alveolar macrophages. A single transplantation ameliorated the herPAP phenotype for at least 9 months, resulting in significantly reduced alveolar proteinosis, normalized lung densities in chest computed tomography, and improved lung function. A significant and sustained disease resolution was also observed in a second, humanized herPAP model after intrapulmonary transplantation of human macrophage progenitors. The therapeutic effect was mediated by long-lived, lung-resident macrophages, which displayed functional and phenotypical characteristics of primary human alveolar macrophages. Our findings present the concept of organotopic transplantation of macrophage progenitors as an effective and long-lasting therapy of herPAP and may also serve as a proof of principle for other diseases, expanding current stem cell-based strategies toward potent concepts using the transplantation of differentiated cells.
Ultrasonic Detection of Damage in CFRPs (1995)

A good knowledge on damage processes in CFRPs can be given by developing non-destructive testing. In order to improve ultrasonic capabilities to detect matrix cracking development, a water tank has been mounted directly on a servo-controlled machine and an automatic scanning by points has been investigated. More accurate testing procedures have been implemented including mechanical improvements, amplitude measurement accuracy, resetting points under loading, comparative evaluation of the attenuation between undamaged and damaged state. A comparison between X-ray and ultrasonic results has been made. Another aim was to control hidden damage due to impact and especially to measure the size and shape of delaminations at each interply location using an improved pulse echo method. Hence, conventional equipment has been modified in order to explore the material by thickness segments. A new procedure has been added to a classical equipment providing in a single scan multiple C-scan images of a coupon with a very limited amount of data. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the methods used and to discuss the original procedures that have been performed. The new capabilities of an improved ultrasonic set-up are going to be examined mainly in relation to crack-density measurement, matrix cracking development under tension and ply by ply delamination sizing and location. With these features, an ultrasonic set-up can find its application in many aeronautical fields: improving composites, moisture influence on damage, detecting of damage resulting from impact, structures lifetime.
ANCD thrombectomy device: in vitro evaluation (2019)

In in vitro three-dimensional models replicating MCA-M1 occlusion, ANCD+SR showed significantly better recanalization rates in fewer passes than other commonly used combinations of devices.
Amyloidosis of heart and liver: comparison of Tc-99m pyrophosphate and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate for detection. (1983)

A prospective, comparative study was made of the efficacy of technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc PYP) and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc MDP) in detecting soft-tissue amyloidosis. Tc PYP and Tc MDP scans were obtained within ten-day intervals in seven patients with histologically proven amyloidosis. Tc PYP was a better scanning agent for soft-tissue amyloidosis in all patients. Cardiac and hepatic involvement were proved by autopsy in one patient. Involvement of the heart was confirmed by echocardiography in five patients. The potential use of Tc PYP scanning as a screening test for soft-tissue amyloidosis is discussed.
Resin-based composite as a direct esthetic restorative material. (2011)

The search for an ideal esthetic material for tooth restoration has resulted in significant improvements in both materials and the techniques for using them. Various resin-based composite (RBC) materials have recently been introduced into the market that offer improved esthetic and physical properties. This article reviews RBCs, including their compositions, advantages, and disadvantages, that are contemporary to today's clinical practice as well as those that are under research consideration and/ or in clinical trial phase.
A Generalized Computational Method to Determine Stability of a Multi-inverter Microgrid (2010)

Microgrid-containing parallel-connected inverters, where each inverter is controlled by decentralized active power/voltage frequency and reactive power/voltage magnitude droop control laws results in flexible and expandable systems. These systems have been known to have stability problems for large values of active power/voltage frequency droop control gain. However, so far the stability analysis of multi-inverter systems has always been performed in a computationally intensive manner by considering the entire microgrid. In a practical microgrid, where the number of inverters may be large or the capacity of the units may differ, it becomes essential to develop a method by which stability can be examined without much computational burden. The system of differential algebraic equations has been simplified using justifiable assumptions to result in a final expression that allows the stability of the microgrid to be examined separately with respect to the droop control laws of each inverter transformed into an equivalent network. Moreover, the procedure allows taking into consideration the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> ratio of the interconnecting cables. Analysis of final expressions validate the stability results reported in literature. Experimental results on hardware show the stable operation of the microgrid.