gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing Extremal Quasiconformal Maps (2012)

Abstract Conformal maps are widely used in geometry processing applications. They are smooth, preserve angles, and are locally injective by construction. However, conformal maps do not allow for boundary positions to be prescribed. A natural extension to the space of conformal maps is the richer space of quasiconformal maps of bounded conformal distortion. Extremal quasiconformal maps, that is, maps minimizing the maximal conformal distortion, have a number of appealing properties making them a suitable candidate for geometry processing tasks. Similarly to conformal maps, they are guaranteed to be locally bijective; unlike conformal maps however, extremal quasiconformal maps have sufficient flexibility to allow for solution of boundary value problems. Moreover, in practically relevant cases, these solutions are guaranteed to exist, are unique and have an explicit characterization. We present an algorithm for computing piecewise linear approximations of extremal quasiconformal maps for genus‐zero surfaces with boundaries, based on Teichmüller's characterization of the dilatation of extremal maps using holomorphic quadratic differentials. We demonstrate that the algorithm closely approximates the maps when an explicit solution is available and exhibits good convergence properties for a variety of boundary conditions.
Asymmetric hydroxylation by a chiral iron porphyrin (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric hydroxylation by a chiral iron porphyrinJohn T. Groves and Peter ViskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 22, 8537–8538Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00204a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00204a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2268Altmetric-Citations202LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multidrug resistance-associated protein gene overexpression and reduced drug sensitivity of topoisomerase II in a human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell line selected for etoposide resistance. (1994)

A human breast cancer cell line (MCF7/WT) was selected for resistance to etoposide (VP-16) by stepwise exposure to 2-fold increasing concentrations of this agent. The resulting cell line (MCF7/VP) was 28-, 21-, and 9-fold resistant to VP-16, VM-26, and doxorubicin, respectively. MCF7/VP cells also exhibited low-level cross-resistance to 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide, mitoxantrone, and vincristine and no cross-resistance to genistein and camptothecin. Furthermore, these cells were collaterally sensitive to the alkylating agents melphalan and chlorambucil. DNA topoisomerase II levels were similar in both wild-type MCF7/WT and drug-resistant MCF7/VP cells. In contrast, topoisomerase II from MCF7/VP cells appeared to be 7-fold less sensitive to drug-induced cleavable complex formation in whole cells and 3-fold less sensitive in nuclear extracts than topoisomerase II from MCF7/WT cells. Although this suggested that the resistant cells may contain a qualitatively altered topoisomerase II, no mutations were detected in either the ATP-binding nor the putative breakage/resealing regions of either DNA topoisomerase II alpha or II beta. In addition, the steady-state intracellular VP-16 concentration was reduced by 2-fold in the resistant cells, in the absence of detectable mdr1/P-gp expression and without any change in drug efflux. In contrast, expression of the gene encoding the MRP was increased at least 10-fold in resistant MCF7/VP cells as compared to sensitive MCF7/WT cells. These results suggest that resistance to epipodophyllotoxins in MCF7/VP cells is multifactorial, involving a reduction in intracellular drug concentration, possibly as a consequence of MRP overexpression, and an altered DNA topoisomerase II drug sensitivity.
Fabrication of High-Performance LDDFET's with Oxide Sidewall-Spacer Technology (1982)

A fabrication process for the Lightly Doped Drain/Source Field-Effect Transistor, LDDFET, that utilizes RIE produced SiO/sub 2/ sidewall spacers is described. The process is compatible with most conventional polysilicon-gated FET processes and needs no additional photo-masking steps. Excellent control and reproducibility of the n/sup -/ region of the LDD device are obtained. Measurements from dynamic clock generators have shown that LDDFET's have as much as 1.9x performance advantage over conventional devices.
The Origin and Dispersal of the Domesticated Chinese Oak Silkworm,<i>Antheraea pernyi</i>, in China: A Reconstruction Based on Ancient Texts (2010)

Sericulture is one of the great inventions of the ancient Chinese. Besides the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori), Chinese farmers developed rearing of the Chinese oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) about 400 years ago. In this paper, the historic records of the origins and dispersal of the domesticated Chinese oak silkworm in China are summarized. The first document with clearly recorded oak silkworm artificial rearing appeared in 1651, although Chinese oak silkworm was documented in about 270 AD. All of the evidence in the available historic records suggests that the domesticated Chinese oak silkworm originated in central and southern areas of Shandong Province in China around the 16th century, and then was introduced directly and indirectly by human commerce into the present habitations in China after the late 17th century. The results strongly support the hypothesis that only one geographically distinct event occurred in domestication of the modern Chinese oak silkworm.
Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in Parkinson disease. (1996)

There is growing evidence that oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory failure with attendant decrease in energy output are implicated in nigral neuronal death in Parkinson disease (PD). It is not known, however, which cellular elements (neurons or glial cells) are major targets of oxygen-mediated damage. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) was shown earlier to react with proteins to form stable adducts that can be used as markers of oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. We report here results of immunochemical studies using polyclonal antibodies directed against HNE-protein conjugates to label the site of oxidative damage in control subjects (ages 18-99 years) and seven patients that died of PD (ages 57-78 years). All the nigral melanized neurons in one of the midbrain sections were counted and classified into three groups according to the intensity of immunostaining for HNE-modified proteins--i.e., no staining, weak staining, and intensely positive staining. On average, 58% of nigral neurons were positively stained for HNE-modified proteins in PD; in contrast only 9% of nigral neurons were positive in the control subjects; the difference was statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test; P < 0.01). In contrast to the substantia nigra, the oculomotor neurons in the same midbrain sections showed no or only weak staining for HNE-modified proteins in both PD and control subjects; young control subjects did not show any immunostaining; however, aged control subjects showed weak staining in the oculomotor nucleus, suggesting age-related accumulation of HNE-modified proteins in the neuron. Our results indicate the presence of oxidative stress within nigral neurons in PD, and this oxidative stress may contribute to nigral cell death.
PUMPKIN (1974)

This paper provides a source level description of a compiled microprogramming language for the Microprogrammed Control Unit (MCU) of the Signal Processing Element (AN/UYK-17), currently under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. Its present form is strictly that of a "paper" language; current research at Brown is directed toward the problems encountered in optimizing microcode for this (horizontal) machine. The structure and syntax of PUMPKIN is closely related to that of LSD - a Language for Systems Development which has been implemented at Brown [BE71, BE72, MA74]. The level (power, expressibility, distance from hardware capabilities) of PUMPKIN provides some hope that we may be able to generate usable code for the MCU - no machine independence goals exist for PUMPKIN. Some aspects of the design philosophy behind the language are contained in the paper "Design Considerations for Microprogramming Languages" [LL74], to be published in the 1974 NCC Proceedings.
Diseases of pepper in Serbia and results of breeding for resistance (2005)

Pepper is one of the major vegetable crops grown in Serbia. According to the total area planted with pepper for fresh market, Serbia is among leading countries in Europe. However, pepper diseases, causing significant yield losses, are one of the limiting factors of successful production. A pepper breeding program in Serbia resulted in several breeding lines tolerant to Verticillium albo-atrum, where the most promising is line L-25. By breeding pepper for resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus TMV, strain P0, genotypes carrying genes of resistance L L, registered as commercial cultivars were selected. Pepper genotypes carrying LL genes for resistance to TMV isolates were selected as well. By crossing breeding lines Mirjana Mijatovic, Bogoljub Zecevic, Miroslav Ivanovic, Aleksa Obradovic 54 selected for tolerance to Cucumber mosaic virus CMV and lines with incorporated genetic sterility (gene ms3) hybrids of pepper tolerant to this virus were created. Breeding pepper for resistance to complex infections (CMV, TMV, V. albo-atrum) as well as breeding for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, races P7 and P8 is under way.
Compressed domain processing for stereoscopic tile based panorama streaming using MV-HEVC (2015)

Efficient transport schemes for panoramic video delivery were proposed and demonstrated within the past decade. With the recent advances of head mounted displays however, consumers may soon have immersive and sufficiently convenient end devices at reach which could lead to an increasing demand for stereoscopic panoramic video experiences. This paper extents recent compressed domain techniques for efficient panoramic streaming to the domain of stereoscopic panorama video. The proposed technique is capable of reducing peak streaming bitrate, e.g. during changes of the region of interest of a user, which is crucial for allowing a truly immersive and low latency video experience.
Selected Articles and Documents on Political Theory (1952)

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Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling<i>in vivo</i>by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity (2014)

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is involved in certain human cancers, and the feasibility of directly targeting the IGF receptor has been actively investigated. However, recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that this approach can be problematic. We have developed an alternative strategy to indirectly inhibit the IGF signaling by targeting the metalloproteinase, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). PAPP-A associated with the cell surface cleaves IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), when IGF is bound to IGFBP-4, and thereby increases IGF bioavailability for receptor activation in an autocrine/paracrine manner. We hypothesized that inhibition of PAPP-A would suppress excessive local IGF signaling in tissues where this is caused by increased PAPP-A proteolytic activity. To test this hypothesis, we developed an inhibitory monoclonal antibody, mAb 1/41, which targets a unique substrate-binding exosite of PAPP-A. This inhibitor selectively and specifically inhibits proteolytic cleavage of IGFBP-4 with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 135 pM. In addition, it inhibited intracellular signaling of the IGF receptor (AKT phosphorylation) in monolayers of A549 cells, an IGF-responsive lung cancer-derived cell line found to express high levels of PAPP-A. We further showed that mAb 1/41 is effective towards PAPP-A bound to cell surfaces, and that it is capable of inhibiting PAPP-A activity in vivo. Using a murine xenograft model of A549 cells, we demonstrated that mAb 1/41 administered intraperitoneally significantly inhibited tumor growth. Analysis of xenograft tumor tissue recovered from treated mice showed penetration of mAb 1/41, reduced IGFBP-4 proteolysis, and reduced AKT phosphorylation. Our study provides proof of concept that IGF signaling can be selectively reduced by targeting a regulatory proteinase that functions extracellularly, upstream of the IGF receptor. PAPP-A targeting thus represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for inhibiting IGF receptor signaling.
Variable rate speech coding with online segmentation and fast algebraic codes (2002)

In several speech coding applications the constraint of fixed bit rate and frame size is not imposed. For such a situation, a speech coding system performing speech segmentation and segment coding, both with reasonable complexity, is proposed. Speech is segmented according to its statistical properties. Each class of segment is encoded by a specific algorithm using algebraic excitation codebooks. An average bit rate between 5 and 6 kb/s yields a small degradation over a 9.6-kb/s fixed rate coder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Video face replacement system using a modified Poisson blending technique (2014)

In this paper, we present a system for video face replacement that requires only two videos of a source actor and a target actor using only a single digital camera. Existing video face replacement techniques usually need special equipment or 3D models; the proposed system achieves a realistic replacement of faces without using 3D models or special equipment. There are many applications of the proposed system that are presented in this paper using only two footages of actors. We can replace a frontal face with another one; this gives the possibility to change the appearance of actors without makeup or any prior settings. We introduce a new technique for face blending that is based on a gradient domain method called Modified Poisson Blending (MPB) to reduce the bleeding problem of Poisson image editing, and achieve realistic results of face replacement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system using MPB technique produces more realistic results than the results of other cloning techniques.
Audible noise reduction method in IPMSM position sensorless control based on high-frequency current injection (2014)

Methods for sensorless control involving the injection of a high-frequency signal in the low-speed range of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) have been proposed. However, audible noise is a concern in these methods. We propose a method to reduce the audible noise due to a high-frequency current by minimizing the injection signal amplitude suitable for IPMSM driving states.
Thermal stability of thin PtSi films on silicon substrates (1972)

The thermal stability of PtSi is an important parameter in large-scale integration processing schemes which involve postmetallization high-temperature operations. For this reason, the effect of annealing on various properties of PtSi has been studied over the temperature range 800–900°C, for 200- and 900-Å-thick PtSi films on single-crystal silicon substrates. The as-prepared films, produced by backsputter cleaning of Si surface followed by sputtering of Pt, in situ sintering at 700°C for 10 min, and etching to dissolve any unreacted Pt, were found to be single-phase PtSi. The 200-Å-thick PtSi films on (111) Si possess a strong degree of preferred orientation with grains which are triply positioned with (100) PtSi ∥ (111) Si and [010] PtSi ∥ 〈110〉 Si; the orientation remains unchanged upon further annealing. On going to higher thickness (900 Å), the preferred orientation of PtSi changes to (010) type and then to a partial (111) type on annealing at 900°C. Rapid grain growth is observed on annealing in the range 800–900°C; the grain size increases from 0.01–0.25 μ in the as-deposited film to several μ at 850°C. The grain growth is followed at 900°C by agglomeration, i.e., a changeover from continuous film to island-type microstructure. The final stage of agglomeration, which has been observed in 200-Å PtSi at 900°C, is associated with a drastic increase in resistivity. The resistivity of as-prepared PtSi films is estimated to be 15 (±5) μΩ cm. Partial agglomeration of 900-Å PtSi occurs at 900°C; it produces only a 10% increase in resistivity. It is concluded that for PtSi films 200–900 Å thick, 800°C is a safe upper-limit (and 850°C, absolute-limit) temperature below which there is no agglomeration, no change in crystallographic orientation, and grain growth is not excessive.
Specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (2000)

This chapter is intended as a convenience to those readers actively engaged in the investigation of high Tc superconductors by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A future possible application of the newly discovered high Tc superconductors is their use in electronic devices. The electrical properties of a device strongly depend on their microstructure, since grain boundaries in these materials can behave as weak links as reported by Dimos et al. [4.1]. Therefore, TEM is an important tool in the study of the relationship between the microstructure and the electrical properties.
Metathesis Transformations of Natural Products: Cross-Metathesis of Natural Rubber and Mandarin Oil by Ru-Alkylidene Catalysts (2012)

This study reports on the degradation of natural rubber (NR) via crossmetathesis with mandarin oil and d-limonene, an abundant compound in essential oils; that were used as chain transfer agents (CTAs) and green solvents. Reactions were performed in the presence of the ruthenium-alkylidene catalysts (PCy₃)₂(Cl)₂Ru=CHPh (I) and (1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) (PCy₃)Cl₂Ru=CHPh (II), respectively. Catalyst II bears an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC) bounded to the ruthenium atom, which has a strong basic character; therefore it is more active toward trisubstituted olefins in comparison with catalyst I. In both cases, isolated monoterpene-terminated isoprene oligomers were obtained as products of the cross-metathesis degradation of NR. In the presence of catalyst II molecular weight values around M(n) × 10² and yields of 80% were obtained; whereas with catalyst I, the molecular weights of products were about M(n) × 10⁴ with yields ranging 70 to 74%. The composition and yield of NR degradation products were determined by GC/MS (EI) analysis and it was found that the oligomers obtained have primarily one vinyl group and one terpene-monocyclic group at the chain end, with isoprene units A(m) = 2, 3 y 4.
Use of monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of novel DNA-binding proteins recognized by human autoimmune sera. (1985)

Autoantibodies to a DNA-binding heterodimer consisting of 70,000 and 80,000 dalton subunits were identified in 30-50% of human autoimmune sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and scleroderma. Three murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the heterodimer were produced in BALB/c mice by immunizing with isolated human B cell nuclei. By immunofluorescence, the mAb and autoimmune sera demonstrated both speckled nucleoplasmic staining and diffuse nucleolar staining in all human cell types examined. The nucleoplasmic staining was sensitive to DNase but not RNase pretreatment, while the nucleolar staining was sensitive to RNase but not DNase pretreatment. Biochemical characterization of the 70,000 and 80,000 dalton proteins using the mAb indicated that two forms of the antigen, with different mobilities on sucrose gradients, are present in human B cells. A 10 S form consists of the physically associated 70,000 and 80,000 dalton proteins, while a larger, 10-20 S form probably represents the same two proteins bound to DNA. Binding of the proteins to nucleolar RNA could not be confirmed in biochemical studies. These studies indicate that non-histone, DNA-binding proteins may be more frequently recognized by autoantibodies in SLE, MCTD, and scleroderma than has been previously recognized. Along with previous studies on RNA-binding proteins such as Sm, RNP, Ro, and La, the present findings suggest that nucleic acid-binding proteins, as a class, may be particularly frequent targets of autoimmunity in SLE and related disorders.
Designing the default privacy settings for facebook applications (2014)

We frame privacy from the perspective of contextual integrity. Through an online experiment, we explore how the alignment of default privacy settings with the context of an information request would impact a user's information disclosure behavior and privacy perceptions. The field experiment is designed as a between-subject experiment with four conditions of the apps' default settings, in the context of installing a third-party application that creates a birthday calendar on Facebook. Our preliminary findings suggest that default privacy settings that are context-relevant may help users make better informed privacy decisions, increase their likelihood of engaging with an app, and improve their privacy perceptions of the app.
Genetic alterations in primary bladder cancers and their metastases. (1998)

Bladder cancer progression is thought to be associated with sequential genetic events. To search for the specific genetic changes associated with the metastatic process, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 22 primary tumors and 24 metastases (10 distant and 14 nodal metastases) from 17 patients with stage pT2-4 bladder cancer. There was a striking similarity between the genetic alterations present in the primary and metastatic tumor samples from the same patient. The mean number of genetic changes/tumor was 12.2 for primary tumors and 11.7 for metastases. There was a strong concordance in the specific aberrations present in each patient's primary and metastatic lesions (mean, 75%). Concordance was also high among multiple sites from an individual primary tumor (mean, 96%) and multiple metastases from the same patient (mean, 75%). There were no specific genetic changes overrepresented in the metastases compared with their primary tumors. Genetic alterations present in more than 40% of tumors included gains on 6p, 8q, 10q, and 17q and losses involving 8p, 10q, and Y. Two regions of high-level amplification were common: (a) 10q22.1-q23.1 (32.6%); and (b) 17q11-21.3 (23.9%; the locus of erbB-2). A summary statistic was developed to quantitate the degree of clonal relationships between biopsies from the same patient. These data support a model in which minimal clonal evolution occurs in the metastatic tumor cell population after the metastatic event. When comparing primary cancers from patients with and without metastases, however, several unique genetic changes were identified in those cancers with metastases, suggesting that these loci may harbor genes important to the metastatic process.