gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Heart and Pulmonary Circulation at High Altitudes (2007)

More than 140 million people worldwide live >2500 m above sea level. Of them, 80 million live in Asia, and 35 million live in the Andean mountains. This latter region has its major population density living above 3500 m. The primary objective of the present study is to review the physiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of the heart and pulmonary circulation in healthy highlanders and patients with chronic mountain sickness. A systematic review of worldwide literature was undertaken, beginning with the pioneering work done in the Andes several decades ago. Original articles were analyzed in most cases and English abstracts or translations of articles written in Chinese were reviewed. Pulmonary hypertension in healthy highlanders is related to a delayed postnatal remodeling of the distal pulmonary arterial branches. The magnitude of pulmonary hypertension increases with the altitude level and the degree of exercise. There is reversal of pulmonary hypertension after prolonged residence at sea level. Chronic mountain sickness develops when the capacity for altitude adaptation is lost. These patients have moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension with accentuated hypoxemia and exaggerated polycythemia. The clinical picture of chronic mountain sickness differs from subacute mountain sickness and resembles other chronic altitude diseases described in China and Kyrgyzstan. The heart and pulmonary circulation in healthy highlanders have distinct features in comparison with residents at sea level. Chronic mountain sickness is a public health problem in the Andean mountains and other mountainous regions around the world. Therefore, dissemination of preventive and therapeutic measures is essential.
Transient Kinetic Analysis of USP2-Catalyzed Deubiquitination Reveals a Conformational Rearrangement in the K48-Linked Diubiquitin Substrate (2012)

Deubiquitination has emerged as an essential regulatory mechanism of a number of cellular processes. An in-depth understanding of deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) catalysis, particularly the mode of ubiquitin binding and the individual steps in the DUB catalytic turnover, is imperative for exploiting DUBs for therapeutic intervention. In this work, we present a transient kinetic study of USP2 in hydrolyzing a model substrate Ub-AMC and a physiological substrate K48-linked diubiquitin. We conducted stopped-flow fluorescence analyses of the binding of mono- and diubiquitin to an inactive USP2 mutant and unveiled interesting differences in the binding kinetics between the two substrates. While a simple one-step binding of monoubiquitin to USP2 was observed, a biphasic binding was evident for diubiquitin. We further followed the deubiquitination reaction of Ub-AMC and K48-linked IQF-diubiquitin by USP2 using stopped-flow florescence under a single-turnover condition. Global fitting of the reaction traces revealed differences in the microscopic rate constants between Ub-AMC and the physiological diubiquitin substrate. Our binding and single-turnover data support a conformational rearrangement of the diubiquitin substrate in USP2-catalyzed deubiquitination. This finding is significant given the recent finding that the K48-linked diubiquitin is dynamic in its conformation. Our results provide useful insights into the mechanism of how USP recognizes ubiquitin moieties in a chain structure, which is important for understanding USP catalysis and developing inhibitors against USPs.
<i>In Vivo</i> Structural Studies of the Hippocampus in Normal Aging and in Incipient Alzheimer's Diseasea (1996)

Population trends indicate that in the near future the size of the elderly population will increase. This will result in a large increment in the numbers of persons suffering mild to severe levels of cognitive impairment. While considerable efforts continue to be made to explain brain changes associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), little is known of the brain changes in aging without dementia or so-called normal aging. Pathologic studies suggest that the medial temporal lobe is informative in the examination of the early brain changes related to AD. However, pathologic studies only offer a single observation and considerable uncertainty exists regarding the likelihood of progression of disease and the development of dementia. Several structural neuroimaging studies have recently investigated this anatomy and recent reports are encouraging for a medial temporal lobe based diagnosis for age-related cognitive impairments. We will present our findings on the MRI anatomy of the hippocampal formation as well as data bearing on the use of hippocampal formation imaging in the diagnosis of AD and as a predictive marker for future dementia. Our findings suggest an anatomically specific relationship between hippocampal volume and secondary memory performance. Because these observations apply to nondemented and normal elderly subjects, we are encouraged that the anatomy of age-related cognitive impairments can be reliably recognized and possibly put to use in therapeutic studies.
Inhibition of Lead and Zinc Sulphide Scale Deposits Formed during Production from High Temperature Oil and Condensate Reservoirs. (2000)

Abstract Carbonate and sulphate scales are the most common types of mineral deposit associated with the recovery and processing of hydrocarbon and associated produced water. In three high temperature fields (&gt;140C) within the North Sea more usual scale types have been observed namely zinc and lead sulphide. Conventional inhibitors cannot control these scale types and their removal by chemical means can result in the generation of toxic gas (H2S). The conditions for the formation of these unusual scale types is described and well as the economic impact these deposit had on hydrocarbon production of these fields. In this paper the development of a novel scale inhibitor package and its successful application in these fields is described. Field evaluation of the inhibitor types used to control sulphide scale is described in this paper as well as the details on how the field trials were planned, carried out and evaluated. Mechanical and chemical removal are also discussed as an alternative to inhibition. The finding of this paper significantly increase the industries understanding of sulphide scale deposits in terms of mode of formation and mechanism of inhibition. The paper stresses the critical factors to be evaluated within produced water at the early stage of field appraisal/development that can aid in the assessment of the risk of sulphide scale deposition. The development of a novel zinc and lead sulphide inhibitor gives a cost effective, environment friendly alternative to chemical or mechanical removal of such deposits.
Model predictive control of CD profiles in sheet forming processes using full profile disturbance models identified by adaptive PCA (1997)

In this paper a method to control full cross-direction (CD) profile variations in sheet forming processes is presented. The Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion, a particular principal components analysis (PCA) technique, is used to construct a disturbance profile model from full CD profile measurements. It is shown how to build a time-varying disturbance state-space model using the KL expansion and low order autoregressive processes. This disturbance predictor is then incorporated in a state-space model predictive control algorithm which includes constraints on the actuators. Several paper machine closed loop simulations are presented to show how the method works for different types of actuator constraints.
Sampling designs for stereology* (1981)

The purpose of this paper is to propose the necessary sampling techniques for estimating a global parameter defined in a solid opaque specimen (e.g. the total volume of mitochondria in a given liver, the total capillary surface area in a given lung, etc). The geometry of the specimen often suggests a multi-level or cascade sampling design at different magnifications, whereby the object phase at one level becomes the reference phase in the next level. The final parameter is then estimated as the product of the intermediate ratios with the volume of the specimen, which is estimated independently. Each level can be regarded as an independent sampling design; a given stereological project may be planned in terms of one or more of these designs. Our development is a blend of practical experience and recent theoretical advances on sampling for stereology with well-known sampling techniques previously developed with different purposes in mind.
The Development of the Current Limiting Protector (CLP) (1981)

The development, the theory and the testing of the "Current Limiting Protector" (CLP) and a compatible current level sensing and trigger circuit are described. The CLP consists of a current carrying main conductor and a parallel fuse. In response to a short circuit, a series of gaps are formed in the main path by pyrotechnic cutting. The gap arc voltages commutate the current to the parallel fusible element, which then interrupts the current in a current limiting mode. High power tests in 4 to 15 kV circuits limited prospective short circuit currents of 40 kA (rms) to less than l5kA. The CLP offers single shot current limiting protection with low let-through i2t.
Some Factors Affecting the Reliability of Surface Electromyography (1966)

The use of surface electrodes for measuring the action potentials accompanying muscle contraction requires high-gain amplifiers having flat frequency response and high input impedance. Some polygraphs currently in use in "muscle tension" experiments fail to fulfill these requirements, having at high gain, output voltages which are a function of the frequency of the signal source at constant input voltage. A number of studies suggests that under certain circumstances this could be a significant source of error; further study of frequency variations of muscle potentials is required. Methods of measuring suitably amplified signals and the relationship of these measurements to muscle contraction are considered. The studies reviewed indicate the need for caution in comparing observations made on individual subjects and among different muscle groups.
Influenza A virus binding to human neutrophils and cross-linking requirements for activation (1992)

Although neutrophils are not viewed as a principal defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection, their interactions are both complex and clinically relevant. Activation of the neutrophil is distinctive from that described for chemoattractants. To more fully characterize the pathway by which IAV stimulates the human neutrophil, we have examined its binding characteristics. First, inhibition studies with various sialic acid-containing and sialic-free sugars showed that IAV binds to sialic acid residues and activates receptors distinct from those used by Concanavalin-A (Con-A) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and that overlap those bound by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). That viral hemagglutinin (HA) mediates viral binding and activation was shown by preincubating neutrophils with purified monovalent bromelain-released HA (BHA) and showing that IAV-induced membrane depolarization and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were inhibited approximately 95%. However, binding inhibition required significantly higher concentrations of purified HA, suggesting that binding and cell activation have different interactive requirements. Desialation of the neutrophil surface membrane by neuraminidase treatment resulted in a 90.6% +/- 4.4% and 53.1% +/- 8.7% inhibition of IAV activation of neutrophils and viral binding, respectively. Resialation with ganglioside GT1b totally restored viral binding, but did not reverse the inhibition of activation. Thus, although HA was shown to mediate binding and neutrophil activation, viral binding per se was insufficient to stimulate the cell. Having demonstrated the functional role of HA, we sought to establish the mechanism of stimulation. HA in three different forms (BHA, HA-rosettes, and HA-liposomes) failed to activate the cell, although H2O2 production evoked by IAV stimulation was reduced in competitive inhibition studies with each preparation. Upon cross-linking with a monoclonal antibody to HA, activation comparable to that of intact virus was observed. The requirement for cross-linking of functional receptors, as opposed to activation through the neutrophil Fc receptor, was confirmed in experiments using staphylococcal A protein. These studies have shown the chemical specificity of IAV binding to the human neutrophil, the character of the receptor(s) stimulated to activate the IAV-evoked response, and the activation requirement for cross-linking those receptors responsible for stimulating functional responses.
Design and analysis of long absorption-length traveling-wave photodetectors (2000)

Long-absorption-length traveling-wave-photodetectors (TWPDs) are requisite for high-power and high-speed applications. In the long absorption length regime, some previously negligible bandwidth limitation factors, such as microwave loss and boundary reflection, become critical. In this paper, we calculate each limiting factor for long-absorption-length TWPDs using a photo-distributed-current model, which can be easily modified to include different effects comparing with the previous model. The simulated device structures are low-temperature-grown GaAs (LTG-GaAs)-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) and n-i-n TWPDs for telecommunication wavelength applications. Our simulation results indicate that the carrier trapping time is not the dominant bandwidth limitation factor as in the short device length regime. The device bandwidth is, on the other hand, strongly affected by velocity mismatch, frequency-dependent microwave loss, and boundary reflection. By properly choosing the geometric size of the transmission line in the MSM TWPD structure, the effect of impedance mismatch can be eliminated. Also due to the enhanced microwave velocity and a lower microwave loss, a better bandwidth performance can be found in the MSM TWPD structure. With a longer carrier trapping time and a higher electrical wave velocity, high bandwidth-efficiency product can be expected for LTG-GaAs-based long-absorption length photodetectors.
Comparison of Two Swine <i>Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae</i> Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Antibodies from Vaccinated Pigs and Field Serum Samples (2005)

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) causes mycoplasmal pneumonia, an economically important disease of swine. Serodiagnosis of Mhyo is based on the current available commercial enzyme immunoassays for detection of swine antibodies against Mhyo, which are the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the blocking ELISA (B-ELISA). Because of the limited information available for these ELISAs, these 2 assays were compared by testing 347 serum samples collected from vaccinated pigs at 0, 13, 28, 43, and 62 days postimmunization (DPI), 50 samples from nonvaccinated pigs, and 1,013 field serum samples. The results of comparison study showed that the specificity for both ELISAs was 99.2% generated from 139 non-vaccinated negative samples. The sensitivities for indirect ELISA generated from samples collected from animals that received the vaccine at DPI 13, 28, 43, and 62 were 0%, 95.7%, 88.4%, and 92.6%, respectively, whereas the sensitivities for B-ELISA were 0%, 98%, 100%, and 97%, respectively. The overall agreement of 96.7% and 80.3% was generated between 2 ELISAs from negative and vaccinated pigs and from field samples, respectively.
Evaluation of collagenase gold plus BP protease in isolating islets from human pancreata (2018)

Selection of enzymes for optimal pancreas digestion is essential for successful human islet isolations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of using Collagenase Gold plus BP protease (VitaCyte) (n = 8) by comparing it to two commercially available enzymes, Liberase MTF C/T (Roche) (n = 48) and Collagenase NB1/NP (Serva) (n = 15). The isolation outcomes were assessed by islet counting, viability, glucose-stimulated oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and successful graft-rate following transplantation in diabetic NOD scid mice. The pancreas donor characteristics were not significantly different between the tested enzyme groups regarding their BMI, pancreas weight, cold ischemia time (CIT) and HbA1c. The results show that digested tissue volume was not statistically significant between the VitaCyte enzyme (34.25 ± 5.4 mL) and the Roche enzyme (55.25 ± 3.42 mL, p = 0.073), however, this was significant with Serva enzyme (64.07 ± 7.95 mL, p = 0.020). Interestingly, the islet yields were not statistically different between all enzyme groups. Moreover, when islets were transplanted into NOD scid mice, the reversal rate of diabetes for the VitaCyte enzyme group was similar to all enzyme groups. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Collagenase Gold plus BP protease is comparable to the MTF C/T and the Collagenase NB1/NP enzymes; the low cost could facilitate the use of more pancreata for islet isolations.
Enhanced power ramping scheme for UMTS random access channel (2003)

In this paper, we propose an enhanced power ramping scheme via multi-threshold detection for a UMTS random access channel. Our proposed scheme allows the mobile station to use different power increments for different scenarios. Via simulations, we compare two random access channel transmission schemes, namely, the power ramping scheme with and without the multi-threshold detection algorithm. Our simulation results indicate that the access channel throughput increases when the multi-threshold detection algorithm is used together with the power ramping method. The interference caused by the random access channel is largely reduced. In addition, the multi-threshold algorithm allows the base station to send a faster acknowledgement back to the mobile. The access delay is greatly reduced. In conclusion, our proposed enhanced power ramping scheme via multi-threshold detection algorithm greatly improves the performance of the UMTS random access channel.
The <i>in vitro</i> activity of apramycin, a new aminocyditol antibiotic (1977)

Apramycin, a new aminocyclitol antibiotic, was tested for antibacterial activity, particularly in comparison with neomycin and streptomycin against potentially sensitive animal pathogens. Of the strains tested 99% were sensitive to apramycin, 93% to neomycin and 48% to streptomycin. Apramycin resistance development in vitro was shown to be gradual.
Optical pattern recognition system based on a winner-take-all model of a neural network (1993)

A three-layer neural network implemented by optical and electronic techniques for pattern recognition is described. The principle, the architecture, and the experimental results of the hardware system for pattern recognition are presented. A multiplex hologram is used as the interconnections between neurons of the input layer and the middle layer. The winner-take-all (WTA) operation of the intermediate layer is performed by an electronic circuit. The interconnection between neurons of the middle layer and the output layer is simply implemented with an optical transparency. By changing the patterns on the transparency, this system can be used for both auto- or heteroassociative memories. In addition to noise and partial hindrance tolerances, it also has illuminance invariance because of the WTA layer of the system.
Technical Support Document for Version 3.9.1 of the COM<em>check</em> Software (2012)

COMcheck provides an optional way to demonstrate compliance with commercial and high-rise residential building energy codes. Commercial buildings include all use groups except single family and multifamily not over three stories in height. COMcheck was originally based on ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989) requirements and is intended for use with various codes based on Standard 90.1, including the Codification of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (90.1-1989 Code) (ASHRAE 1989a, 1993b) and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 (Standard 90.1-1999). This includes jurisdictions that have adopted the 90.1-1989 Code, Standard 90.1-1989, Standard 90.1-1999, or their own code based on one of these. We view Standard 90.1-1989 and the 90.1-1989 Code as having equivalent technical content and have used both as source documents in developing COMcheck. This technical support document (TSD) is designed to explain the technical basis for the COMcheck software as originally developed based on the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989). Documentation for other national model codes and standards and specific state energy codes supported in COMcheck has been added to this report as appendices. These appendices are intended to provide technical documentation for features specific to the supported codes and for any changes made for state-specific codes that differ from the standard features that support compliance with the national model codes and standards. Beginning with COMcheck version 3.8.0, support for 90.1-1989, 90.1-1999, and the 1998 IECC and version 3.9.0 support for 2000 and 2001 IECC are no longer included, but those sections remain in this document for reference purposes.
Integrity protection in a smart grid environment for wireless access of smart meters (2014)

To meet future challenges of energy grids, secure communication between involved control systems is necessary. Therefore the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) has published security standards concerning a central communication unit for energy grids called Smart Meter Gateway (SMGW). The present security concept of the SPIDER project takes these standards into consideration but extends their level of information security by integrating elements from the Trusted Computing approach. Additionally, a tamper resistant grid is integrated with chosen hardware modules and a trustworthy boot process is applied. To continually measure the SMGW and smart meter (SM) integrity the approach Trusted Network Connect (TNC) from the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is used. Hereby a Trusted Core Network (TCN) can be established to protect the smart grid components against IT based attacks. That is necessary, especially by the use of wireless connections between the SMGW and smart meter components.
The state of midline closure of the abdominal wall (2015)

A neglected subject
Use of microelectrodes for the rapid determination of the number of electrons involved in an electrode reaction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of microelectrodes for the rapid determination of the number of electrons involved in an electrode reactionA. S. Baranski, W. R. Fawcett, and C. M. GilbertCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 1, 166–170Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00279a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00279a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views652Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts