gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iron Chelators in Medicinal Applications - Chemical Equilibrium Considerations in Pharmaceutical Activity (2009)

Iron chelators are being examined as a potential class of pharmaceutical agents to battle different types of cancer as well as iron overload diseases. In recent studies, iron binding species such as desferrioxamine, triapine, tachpyridine, Dp44Mt, and PIH have been tested in cell line tests and clinical trials. Using published chemical equilibrium values (stability constants, equilibrium constants), it is argued that an iron chelator cannot competitively remove iron from a heme-containing biomolecule (i.e. hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin) causing a cancerous cell to die. This type of reaction (DFO(aq) + [Fe(2+,3+)-Hb] --> [Fe(2+,3+)-DFO] + Hb) has been proposed in a number of published studies using circumstantial evidence. It is argued that iron chelators can potentially interact with iron from ferritin or iron that has precipitated or flocculated as oxyhydroxide under physiological pH's. It is argued that chelators can interfere with various physiological processes by binding cations such as Ca(2+), Zn(2+) or K(+). A number of siderophores and natural products that have the ability to bind Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) as well as other cations are discussed in terms of their potential pharmaceutical activity as chelators. Chemical equilibria between cations and pharmaceutical agents, which are rarely quantitated in explaining medicinal mechanisms, are used to show that chelators can bind and remove iron and other cations from physiologically important systems required for cell survival and propagation.
Entropy Estimation for ADC Sampling-Based True Random Number Generators (2019)

True random number generators (TRNGs) are widely used in cryptographic systems, and their security is the base of many cryptographic algorithms and protocols. At present, entropy estimation based on a stochastic model is a well-recommended approach to evaluate the security of a specific TRNG structure. Besides, the generation speed is also an important property for TRNGs. For this purpose, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be employed to sample the noisy signal to achieve high bit rate. However, no research focuses on the entropy estimation on the basis of the stochastic model toward ADC sampling. In this paper, we propose an entropy estimation for the ADC sampling-based TRNG through extending an existing model. In particular, we present an equivalent model to estimate the entropy of any single bit in the converted sample obtained by the ADC sampling. Furthermore, we propose a method of the entropy estimation for the multi-bit ADC output, which provides the lower bound of the entropy. By conducting simulations and hardware experiments on this type of TRNG, we confirm the correctness of the proposed entropy estimation theory. The prototype chip is fabricated in the SMIC 65-nm process, and the consumed power is 34 mW. The random bit sequences compatible with the AIS 31 standard are generated at a speed of 132.3 Mb/s. The sequences are able to pass the rigorous statistical test suites, including NIST SP 800-22, Diehard, and TestU01 (containing the Big Crush test), after simple post-processing at a bit rate of around 33 Mb/s.
Quantum pseudorandomness from cluster-state quantum computation (2008)

We show how to efficiently generate pseudorandom states suitable for quantum information processing via cluster-state quantum computation. By reformulating pseudorandom algorithms in the cluster-state picture, we identify a strategy for optimizing pseudorandom circuits by properly choosing single-qubit rotations. A Markov chain analysis provides the tool for analyzing convergence rates to the Haar measure and finding the optimal single-qubit gate distribution. Our results may be viewed as an alternative construction of approximate unitary $2$-designs.
Wireless parallel operation of high voltage DC power supply using steady-state estimation (2005)

This paper presents an improved droop method, which minimizes the voltage droop of a parallel-connected power supply. Conventionally, the droop method has been used to achieve a simple structure and no-interconnections among power sources. However, it has a trade-off between output voltage regulation and load sharing accuracy. In this paper, the droop is minimized with a current and droop gain control using steady-state estimation. The proposed method can achieve both good voltage regulation and good load sharing. A design example of two 10 kV, 100 mA parallel modules are made and tested to verify the proposed current sharing method.
Wrapping WWW information sources (2002)

As information over the World-Wide Web (WWW) is proliferating rapidly and the demand to access it is also escalating, the need to efficiently and effectively make use of the various knowledge resources is highly imperative. Research to extract maximum benefit from the Internet is still in its infancy. Different research areas like data mining, information retrieval, machine learning and knowledge discovery, are giving the problem due attention and all seem to converge onto a common theme-wrappers. Wrappers provide access to heterogeneous information sources by converting or translating queries into source specific queries or commands. We discuss improvements on a distinctive approach, wrapper conduction, to automatically generate a wrapper once an information source has been identified. We will show how different information filtering systems we developed employ numerous Internet information sources in an attempt to exploit this knowledge base by automatically wrapping the source to safeguard the evolvability of the same system once new sources become available on the WWW. We examine and compare the performance these systems achieved when employing wrapper-conducted queries in contrast to tailored hand-coded ones; comparative results are presented.
Characterization of the Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1α-Heparin Complex (2001)

The binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycans is thought to play a crucial role in chemokine functions. It has recently been shown that stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), a CXC chemokine with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, binds to heparan sulfate through a typical consensus sequence for heparin recognition (BBXB, where B is a basic residue KHLK, amino acids 24-27). Calculation of the accessible surface, together with the electrostatic potential of the SDF-1alpha dimer, revealed that other amino acids (Arg-41 and Lys-43) are found in the same surface area and contribute to the creation of a positively charged crevice, located at the dimer interface. GRID calculations confirmed that this binding site will be the most energetically favored area for the interaction with sulfate groups. Site-directed mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance-based binding assays were used to investigate the structural basis for SDF-1alpha binding to heparin. Among the residues clustered in this basic surface area, Lys-24 and Lys-27 have dominant roles and are essential for interaction with heparin. Amino acids Arg-41 and Lys-43 participate in the binding but are not strictly required for the interaction to take place. Direct binding assays and competition analysis with monoclonal antibodies also permitted us to show that the N-terminal residue (Lys-1), an amino acid critical for receptor activation, is involved in complex formation. Binding studies with selectively desulfated heparin, heparin oligosaccharides, and heparitinase-resistant heparan sulfate fragments showed that a minimum size of 12-14 monosaccharide units is required for efficient binding and that 2-O- and N-sulfate groups have a dominant role in the interaction. Finally, the heparin-binding site was identified on the crystal structure of SDF-1alpha, and a docking study was undertaken. During the energy minimization process, heparin lost its perfect ribbon shape and fitted the protein surface perfectly. In the model, Lys-1, Lys-24, Lys-27, and Arg-41 were found to have the major role in binding a polysaccharide fragment consisting of 13 monosaccharide units.
Theory-Guided Design and Synthesis of Multichromophore Dendrimers:  An Analysis of the Electro-optic Effect (2007)

Extensive experimental and theoretical study suggests that interchromophore electrostatic interactions are among the most severe impediments to the induction and stability of large electro-optic coefficients in electric-field-poled organic materials. In this report, multichromophore-containing dendritic materials have been investigated as a means to minimize unwanted attenuation of nonlinear optical (electro-optic) activity at high chromophore loading. The dendritic molecular architectures employed were designed to provide optimized molecular scaffolding for electric-field-induced molecular reorientation. Design parameters were based upon past experimental results in conjunction with statistical and quantum mechanical modeling. The electro-optic behavior of these materials was evaluated through experimental and theoretical analysis. Experimental data collected from the dendrimer structures depict a reasonably linear relationship between chromophore number density (N) and electro-optic activity (r(33)) demonstrating a deviation from the dipolar frustration that typically limits r(33) in conventional chromophore/polymer composite materials. The observed linear dependence holds at higher chromophore densities than those that have been found to be practical in systems of organic NLO chromophores dispersed in polymer hosts. Theoretical analysis of these results using Monte Carlo modeling reproduces the experimentally observed trends confirming linear dependence of electro-optic activity on N in the dendrimer materials. These results provide new insight into the ordering behavior of EO dendrimers and demonstrate that the frequently observed asymptotic dependence of electro-optic activity on chromophore number density may be overcome through rational design.
Fluid simulation using Laplacian eigenfunctions (2012)

We present an algorithm for the simulation of incompressible fluid phenomena that is computationally efficient and leads to visually convincing simulations with far fewer degrees of freedom than existing approaches. Rather than using an Eulerian grid or Lagrangian elements, we represent vorticity and velocity using a basis of global functions defined over the entire simulation domain. We show that choosing Laplacian eigenfunctions for this basis provides benefits, including correspondence with spatial scales of vorticity and precise energy control at each scale. We perform Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations to derive a time evolution equation in the space of basis coefficients. Our method admits closed-form solutions on simple domains but can also be implemented efficiently on arbitrary meshes.
Suppressor Adherent Cells in Human Tuberculosis (1978)

Abstract Patients with newly diagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into high and low responder groups on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNC) induced by tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD). The group of patients with low tuberculin responses was characterized by anergy to tuberculin skin testing and larger numbers of circulating monocytes than the high responders. The groups were comparable in the extent of pulmonary tuberculosis and other clinical parameters. PB MNC from tuberculin low responders had normal phytohemagglutinin (PHA) but depressed streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD), Candida antigen, and tetanus toxoid-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation. Depletion of adherent cells resulted in a mean 24.4-fold enhancement of T lymphocyte responses to PPD in the low responders as compared to a 2.9-fold increase in the high responders. The low response of PB MNC from low responders to nonmycobacterial antigens was not similarly augmented by adherent cell depletion. Adding back graded numbers of adherent cells to purified T lymphocyte populations resulted in greater depression of the PPD-induced proliferative response to the tuberculin low responders when compared to the high responders. These studies provide evidence for circulating suppressor adherent cells in tuberculosis patients with diminished responsiveness to PPD in vitro. This immunosuppression is not mediated by adherent cell supernatant products, nor does it involve T lymphocyte labile during culture. However, complex cellular interactions, possibly involving suppressor T cells, are implicated by the restriction of this phenomenon to PPD-induced lymphocyte activation and the depression of the PB MNC responses to nonmycobacterial antigens. The suppressor adherent cells defined in these studies may be relevant as a cause or consequence of infection in a subset of patients with tuberculosis.
ChemInform Abstract: BACTERIAL CAROTENOIDS. XLVIII. TOTAL SYNTHESES OF CAROTENES OF THE 1,2‐DIHYDRO SERIES (1976)

Abstract Das aus Methylheptenon (I) erhältliche Phosphoniumsalz (II) wird als Ylid der Wittig‐Kondensation mit dem Dialdehyd (III) unterworfen.
The Effects of Mechanical Degradation and Viscoelastic Behavior on Injectivity of Polyacrylamide Solutions (1983)

Abstract Results of recent experiments that clarify the effects of mechanical degradation and viscoelastic behavior on the flow of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions through porous media are presented. From these results, a simple model that may be used to predict injectivity of polyacrylamide solutions is developed. Injection pressures for linear corefloods are shown to be separable into two components: (1) an initial pressure drop associated with the entrance of polymer into the sandstone and (2) a constant pressure gradient throughout the remainder of the core. Entrance pressure drop is zero until the polymer solution flux increases to the rate where mechanical degradation takes place. Thereafter, entrance pressure drop and the degree of polymer mechanical degradation increase with increasing flux. In addition, polymer solutions that undergo a large entrance pressure drop and a high degree of mechanical degradation when first injected into a core show no entrance pressure drop and no further degradation after reinjection into the same core at the same flux. These observations suggest that the entrance pressure drop is associated closely with the process of polymer mechanical degradation. A new correlation is developed that may be used to determine entrance pressure drop and the level of mechanical degradation directly as a function of sand-face flux, permeability, and porosity. This correlation is more convenient to apply and less dependent on flow geometry than previous correlations. Based on these observations, a model is developed that may be used to estimate injectivity of polyacrylamide solutions in linear or radial flow geometries. This model takes into account the entrance pressure drop and the dilatant nature of the polymer near the wellbore. Predictions made with this model are compared with experimental results.
Sensor ontologies: from shallow to deep models (2005)

This paper presents a practical approach to developing comprehensive sensor ontologies based upon deep knowledge models rather than capturing only superficial sensor attributes. It is proposed that the representation and utilization of deep sensor ontologies would enable a variety of sensor information system applications including sensor parts compatibility determination, dynamic sensor selection and tasking, and reasoning about systems of sensors in which data must be fused and queried from a variety of sensor types within a myriad of environments.
Supramolecular Controlled Pseudo-LCST Effects of Cyclodextrin-Complexed Poly(ionic liquids) (2008)

We investigated the complexation of monomeric 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bvim][Tf2N]) with different cyclodextrins (CDs) in water. Furthermore, we discovered that the poly([bvim][Tf2N]) 1 showed a pseudo-LCST (lower critical solution temperature) effect in the presence of CD. It was shown that the CD ring complexates only the polymer anion and slips off at higher temperature where the poly(ionic liquid) becomes insoluble in water. We were encouraged to prove this effect by turbidity measurements, microcalorimetric titrations, dynamic light scattering, and enzymatic scission of the CD.
Using longitudinal data to improve the experiences and engagement of first‐year students (2010)

Abstract This chapter describes how campuses can use longitudinal data to investigate and improve the experiences and engagement patterns of their first‐year students.
Observation of surface cracks with scanning acoustic microscope (1982)

Surface cracks introduced in soda lime glass and MgO single crystal have been examined with a 200- and 420-MHz scanning acoustic microscope. A fringe pattern was observed around the cracking line on the surface which could not be observed with an optical microscope. A simplified model is proposed in which fringe formation is due to the interference between the leaky surface wave reflected by the crack and the specularly reflected wave at the surface or the leaky surface wave that did not reach the crack. By monitoring these fringes, a Hertzian crack in soda lime glass with a depth as small as 25 μm was detected. The direction of crack orientation relative to the surface normal was also obtained from the asymmetrical contrast distribution of the fringes.
Uwięzieni we wnętrzu - "Motyl i skafander" Juliana Schnabela i "Tajemniczy płomień królowej Loany" Umberto Eco (2012)

Sonia FrontTrapped in the Interiors:Julian Schnabel’s The Diving-Bell and the Butterflyand Umberto Eco’s The Mysterious Flame of Queen LoanaBoth Jean-Dominique Baube, the protagonist of The Diving-Bell and the Butterfly (2007), and Yambo, the protagonist of Umberto Eco’s The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana (2004), have become imprisoned in their bodies as a result of accidents. What a viewer and the reader are presented with is the view from the interiors of the subjects suspended from their sensory-motor continuity. Both attempting to put their past in order, they experience a kind of immeasurable subjective time; a perpetual present. The paper explores the significance of the dislocation from the linear continuity of spatialized time to the characters and its influence on their selves by means of Gilles Deleuze’s theory of time-image.
Greener PCs for the Enterprise (2009)

PC energy use is a growing cost to enterprises, with most machines remaining fully powered on, even while idle, for most of the time. The Network Connectivity Proxy maintains network presence for PCs but lets them sleep while idle, thus saving energy and reducing total cost of ownership.
Three-Dimensional Model of the Human Eye-Head Saccadic System (1997)

Current theories of eye-head gaze shifts deal only with one-dimensional motion, and do not touch on three-dimensional (3-D) issues such as curvature and Donders' laws. I show that recent 3-D data can be explained by a model based on ideas that are well established from one-dimensional studies, with just one new assumption: that the eye is driven toward a 3-D orientation in space that has been chosen so that Listing's law of the eye in head will hold when the eye-head movement is complete. As in previous, one-dimensional models, the eye and head are feedback-guided and the commands specifying desired eye position eye pass through a neural "saturation" so as to stay within the effective oculomotor range. The model correctly predicts the complex, 3-D trajectories of the head, eye in space, and eye in head in a variety of saccade tasks. And when it moves repeatedly to the same target, varying the contributions of eye and head, the model lands in different eye-in-space positions, but these positions differ only in their cyclotorsion about the line of sight, so they all point that line at the target-a behavior also seen in real eye-head saccades. Between movements the model obeys Listing's law of the eye in head and Donders' law of the head on torso, but during certain gaze shifts involving large torsional head movements, it shows marked, 8 degrees deviations from Listing's law. These deviations are the most important untested predictions of the theory. Their experimental refutation would sink the model, whereas confirmation would strongly support its central claim that the eye moves toward a 3-D position in space chosen to obey Listing's law and, therefore, that a Listing operator exists upstream from the eye pulse generator.
Coffee Abundant in Chlorogenic Acids Reduces Abdominal Fat in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial (2019)

The components of roasted or green coffee beans that promote abdominal fat reduction are not clear. We investigated the effects of daily consumption of coffee enriched in chlorogenic acids (CGA) on abdominal fat area in a randomized, double-blind, parallel controlled trial. Healthy, overweight men and women (<i>n</i> = 150, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 to <30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly allocated to high-CGA (369 mg CGA/serving) or control (35 mg CGA/serving) coffee groups. Instant coffee was consumed once daily for 12 weeks, with four-week pre- and post-observation periods. Abdominal fat area and anthropometric measurements were analyzed at baseline and at four, eight, and 12 weeks, and 142 subjects completed the trial. Visceral fat area (VFA), total abdominal fat area (TFA), body weight, and waist circumference significantly decreased in the CGA group compared with the control group, with a group × time interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.025, and <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively). Changes in VFA and TFA from baseline to 12 weeks were significantly greater in the CGA group than in the control group (-9.0 ± 13.9 cm<sup>2</sup> vs. -1.0 ± 14.3 cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001; -13.8 ± 22.9 cm<sup>2</sup> vs. -2.0 ± 16.2 cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No severe adverse events occurred. Consumption of high-CGA coffee for 12 weeks by overweight adults might lower VFA, TFA, BMI, and waist circumference.
Yeast‐prepro‐alpha‐factor‐leader‐region‐directed synthesis and secretion of truncated human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in the silkworm Bombyx mori (1995)

Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) cDNA joined to the leader region of the precursor of the yeast mating pheromone alpha-factor (MF alpha L) was expressed at high levels in BmN cells and in silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae, using recombinant Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, as a vector. The biological activity of rhM-CSF detected in the haemolymph was 1 x 10(6) colony-formation units/ml, approximately half of the expression level directed by the native signal peptide of hM-CSF in silkworm larvae. The secreted rhM-CSF was purified to homogeneity. N-terminal analysis showed that the signal peptide had been removed, indicating that insect cells possess the enzymic activity necessary to cleave the pro-alpha-factor leader region from the fusion protein at the carboxy side of Lys-Arg dibasic residues, which is the cleavage site recognized by KEX2 endopeptidase in yeast cells.
A SMART BIOMETRIC ANSWER FOR AIRLINE SAFETY (1999)

Drivers delivering cargo to Chicago O'Hare International Airport are identifying themselves with smart cards and biometric fingerprint technology. Administrators believe the safety program could become a model for other airports