gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Global” cell replacement is feasible via neural stem cell transplantation: Evidence from the dysmyelinated <i>shiverer</i> mouse brain (1999)

Many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly those of genetic, metabolic, or infectious/inflammatory etiology, are characterized by "global" neural degeneration or dysfunction. Therapy might require widespread neural cell replacement, a challenge not regarded conventionally as amenable to neural transplantation. Mouse mutants characterized by CNS-wide white matter disease provide ideal models for testing the hypothesis that neural stem cell transplantation might compensate for defective neural cell types in neuropathologies requiring cell replacement throughout the brain. The oligodendrocytes of the dysmyelinated shiverer (shi) mouse are "globally" dysfunctional because they lack myelin basic protein (MBP) essential for effective myelination. Therapy, therefore, requires widespread replacement with MBP-expressing oligodendrocytes. Clonal neural stem cells transplanted at birth-using a simple intracerebroventricular implantation technique-resulted in widespread engraftment throughout the shi brain with repletion of MBP. Accordingly, of the many donor cells that differentiated into oligodendroglia-there appeared to be a shift in the fate of these multipotent cells toward an oligodendroglial fate-a subgroup myelinated up to 52% (mean = approximately 40%) of host neuronal processes with better compacted myelin of a thickness and periodicity more closely approximating normal. A number of recipient animals evinced decrement in their symptomatic tremor. Therefore, "global" neural cell replacement seems feasible for some CNS pathologies if cells with stem-like features are used.
Epidermal Notch signalling: differentiation, cancer and adhesion (2008)

The Notch pathway plays an important role in regulating epidermal differentiation. Notch ligands, receptors and effectors are expressed in a complex and dynamic pattern in embryonic and adult skin. Genetic ablation or activation of the pathway reveals that Notch signalling promotes differentiation of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermal lineages and that Notch acts as an epidermal tumour suppressor. Notch signalling interacts with a range of other pathways to fulfil these functions and acts via RBP-Jkappa dependent and independent mechanisms. The effects on differentiation can be cell autonomous and non-autonomous, and Notch contributes to stem cell clustering via modulation of cell adhesion.
The phase center of horn antennas (1970)

The calculation of phase centers for rectangular and diagonal horns is presented. The calculation is based on a vector approach, by deriving the phase center from the expressions for the far field. Different expressions are derived for the phase center of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> planes. The phase center for an arbitrary plane is calculated from the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E-</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> -plane phase centers. Graphs are presented showing the dependence of the phase centers on horn dimensions.
A Comparison of Hip Fracture Incidence among Native Japanese, Japanese Americans, and American Caucasians (1991)

Hip fracture incidence rates among men and women of Japanese ancestry living on Oahu, Hawaii, from 1979 to 1981 were compared with rates for Japanese living on Okinawa, Japan, from 1984 to 1985. Both rates were further compared with those for various American Caucasian populations, including that of Rochester, Minnesota, from 1978 to 1982. Age-specific and cumulative (age 50-84 years) hip fracture rates among persons of Japanese ancestry were approximately half that of Caucasians for both sexes. Although diet and other cultural attributes of the Oahu group have become more westernized than the Okinawan population, there were no detectable differences in hip fracture rates between Oahu and Okinawa Japanese. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the observed differences in fracture rates between Caucasians and Japanese might be related to differences in bone mass, body size, frequency of falls, or other factors.
Type-B Response Regulators Display Overlapping Expression Patterns in Arabidopsis (2020)

Two-component signaling systems, involving His kinases, His-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators, have been implicated in plant responses to hormones and environmental factors. Genomic analysis of Arabidopsis supports the existence of 22 response regulators (ARRs) that can be divided into at least two distinct groups designated type-A and type-B. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the type-B family is composed of one major and two minor subfamilies. The expression of the type-B ARRs was examined by using both reverse transcription-PCR and β-glucuronidase fusion constructs. The major subfamily of type-B ARRs showed particularly high expression in regions where cytokinins play a significant role, including cells in the apical meristem region and in young leaves that would be undergoing cell division. Multiple members within this same subfamily of type-B ARRs were expressed near the root tip with highest expression in the root elongation zone. β-Glucuronidase-fusions to full-length ARR2, ARR12, and ARR19 were nuclear localized, consistent with a role in transcriptional regulation. These data suggest that differing expression levels of the type-B ARRs may play a role in modulating the cellular responses to cytokinin.
Methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibition: antiangiogenesis and tumour therapy (2004)

Methionine, used to initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotes, is largely recovered as a co-translational hydrolysis event catalysed by two related enzymes, methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP)1 and 2. One of these, MetAP2, is covalently modified, and thus catalytically inactivated, by a class of drugs related to the fungal polyene antibiotic, fumagillin. This irreversible inhibition results in cell cycle arrest in endothelial cells (as well as a number of other cells) and prevents vascular growth. TNP-470, a member of this group, has been examined in clinical trials. Thus, these and other inhibitors of MetAP2, are a part of the growing class of antiangiogenic drugs with potential for treating cancer and other diseases related to neovascularisation. A large class of non-peptidic reversible inhibitors, as well as antisense and dominant-negative inhibitors, have been developed toward this end.
A Novel Translational Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Model for Human Lung Cancer (2019)

<i>In vitro</i> cell line and <i>in vivo</i> murine models have historically dominated pre-clinical cancer research. These models can be expensive and time consuming and lead to only a small percentage of anti-cancer drugs gaining a license for human use. Large animal models that reflect human disease have high translational value; these can be used to overcome current pre-clinical research limitations through the integration of drug development techniques with surgical procedures and anesthetic protocols, along with emerging fields such as implantable medical devices. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally-occurring lung cancer that is caused by the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The disease has similar histological classification and oncogenic pathway activation to that of human lung adenocarcinomas making it a valuable model for studying human lung cancer. Developing OPA models to include techniques used in the treatment of human lung cancer would enhance its translational potential, making it an excellent research tool in assessing cancer therapeutics. In this study we developed a novel OPA model to validate the ability of miniaturized implantable O<sub>2</sub> and pH sensors to monitor the tumor microenvironment. Naturally-occurring pre-clinical OPA cases were obtained through an on-farm ultrasound screening programme. Sensors were implanted into OPA tumors of anesthetized sheep using a CT-guided trans-thoracic percutaneous implantation procedure. This study reports the findings from 9 sheep that received sensor implantations. Time taken from initial CT scans to the placement of a single sensor into an OPA tumor was 45 ± 5 min, with all implantations resulting in the successful delivery of sensors into tumors. Immediate post-implantation mild pneumothoraces occurred in 4 sheep, which was successfully managed in all cases. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of the use of naturally-occurring OPA cases as a pre-clinical surgical model. Through the integration of techniques used in the treatment of human lung cancer patients, including ultrasound, general anesthesia, CT and surgery into the OPA model, we have demonstrated its translational potential. Although our research was tailored specifically for the implantation of sensors into lung tumors, we believe the model could also be developed for other pre-clinical applications.
Energie- und Datenübertragung über Lichtwellenleiter bei intelligenten Sensoren/ Power and data transmission for smart sensors using fibre optics (1989)

Article Energie- und Datenübertragung über Lichtwellenleiter bei intelligenten Sensoren/ Power and data transmission for smart sensors using fibre optics was published on December 1, 1989 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 56, issue JG).
EFFECTS OF TAMPON MATERIALS ON THE IN-VITRO PHYSIOLOGY OF A TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (1985)

Seven materials used in the manufacture of tampons-four rayon, one modified rayon, one cotton and one carboxy-methyl cellulose (a modified cotton)-were compared for their effects in vitro on the physiology of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a patient with Toxic Shock Syndrome. Experiments were performed in broth culture and, with the exception of two rayon samples, all of the materials tested reduced growth rate and cell yield compared with control values. Exocellular acid phosphatase, lipase, proteinase, hyaluronate lyase and haemolysin in culture filtrates were measured and the lethality of filtrates was determined in mice. The tampon materials had different effects on the levels of exocellular products. Cotton and carboxy-methyl cellulose cotton materials reduced the levels of all of the activities tested. The activities of the other enzymes were reduced or increased, depending on which material was present. All materials reduced both haemolytic activity and lethality of the culture filtrates. The in-vitro data suggest an extremely complex interaction between tampon materials and S. aureus.
Microemulsions as Liquid Media for Material Separation. (1996)

The functions of the microstructures in water-in-oil microemulsion are elucidated. The electrostatic interation in the water-pools of the microstructures plays a key role in the solubilization of ionic solutes. A large internal interface of microemulsion contributes to the solubilization of less polar solutes. The curvature of the microstructures affects the local environment of less polar solutes entrapped in the internal interface. For polar macromolecules such as proteins, the microstructures have a function to recognize the size of solutes. The solubilization dynamics was also studied. These knowledge permits tailoring microemulsion for solubilization of solutes and chemical reactions in the microstructure
Fast density estimation using CF-kernel for very large databases (1999)

This paper presents the CF-kernel method to estimate density functions from large datasets in a "best-efforts under the given resources" manner. By integrating the advantages of both the kernel method [WJ95] and the dynamical and incremental CF tree structure[ZRL96],
Oxidation of<i>α</i>-Tocopherol during the Peroxidation of Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine in Liposomes (1996)

Liposomal suspensions of dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) containing alpha-tocopherol (0.1 mol%, based on DLPC were oxidized at 37 degrees C. The oxidation was initiated by a lipid-soluble or water-soluble free radical initiator, or by the addition of CuSO4 and fructose. In all the oxidation systems, alpha-tocopherol suppressed the formation of DLPC hydroperoxides until all the alpha-tocopherol had been depleted. The oxidation products of alpha-tocopherol were 8a-alkyldioxy-alpha-tocopherones, 5,6-epoxy-alpha-tocopherylquinone, 2,3-epoxy-alpha-tocopherylquinone, and alpha-tocopherylquinone. The 8a-alkyldioxy-alpha-tocopherones were decomposed in the liposomes primarily by being hydrolyzed to produce alpha-tocopherylquinone. The results indicate that alpha-tocopherol can trap peroxyl radical to form 8a-alkyldioxy-alpha-tocopherones which are hydrolyzed to alpha-tocopherylquinone in phospholipid bilayers. In another oxidation pathway, alpha-tocopherol may be oxidized by peroxyl radicals to form isomeric epoxy-alpha-tocopherylquinones.
A compact dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna for 900/1800-MHz cellular systems (2003)

A novel compact design for achieving dual-band dual-polarized radiation suitable for applications in the 900/1800-MHz cellular systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular ring patch (for the 900-MHz operation) and a notched rectangular patch (for the 1800-MHz operation), which are printed on the same layer, and each patch is aperture-coupled by two H-shaped coupling slots to generate two orthogonal linearly polarized waves. By further incorporating a properly designed feed network, the proposed antenna shows good port decoupling of less than -39 dB and -34 dB for dual linear polarizations in the 900- and 1800-MHz bands, respectively. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented.
A regular path recognition method and prediction of user movements in wireless networks (2002)

Mobile positioning supported control of wireless networks will play an important role in future network optimisation with upcoming location services. We developed a method to predict user movements based on user profiles that have been generated based on measurement reports. The algorithm exploits regular human behaviour in terms of periodic daily activities, such as travelling to work, which results in probability that can be allocated to used paths. The developed scheme can be applied for location and handover support in future wireless networks.
Selecting optimal oligonucleotide primers for multiplex PCR. (1997)

We investigate the problem of designing efficient multiplex PCR for medical applications. We show that the problem is NP-complete by transformation to the Multiple Choice Matching problem and give an efficient approximation algorithm. We developed this algorithm in a computer program that predicts which genomic regions may be simultaneously amplified by PCR. Practical use of the software shows that the method can treat 250 non-polymorphic loci with less than 5 simultaneous experiments.
Nutritional Manipulation of Primate Retinas, III: Effects of Lutein or Zeaxanthin Supplementation on Adipose Tissue and Retina of Xanthophyll-Free Monkeys (2005)

L is the precursor of RSZ, a major component of macular pigment. Xanthophyll-free monkeys can accumulate retinal xanthophylls and provide a valuable model for examining their uptake and conversion.
DNA vaccination as an anti-inflammatory strategy (2000)

Vaccination has become a paradigm of preventative medicine, as it is both efficacious and cost-effective. The ability of vaccines to elicit specific immune responses is the key to their efficacy. There are two methods by which vaccines elicit immune responses. The first vaccines developed consisted of live attenuated pathogens which infect the host and stimulate a protective immune response. This includes the smallpox vaccine and the Sabin polio vaccine. The second method of vaccination was the development of killed pathogens or subunits. This includes the Salk polio vaccine (killed polio virus) and the hepatitis vaccine (recombinant surface antigen glycoprotein). These killed and subunit preparations have been also of great utility.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pd@Pt–Ni Core–Shell Octahedra with High Activity toward Oxygen Reduction (2014)

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell requires the use of a catalyst based on Pt, one of the most expensive metals on the earth. A number of strategies, including optimization of shape or facet, formation of alloys with other metals, and incorporation of a different metal into the core, have been investigated to enhance the activity of a Pt-based catalyst and thus reduce the loading of Pt. This article reports the synthesis and characterization of Pd@Pt-Ni core-shell octahedra with high activity toward ORR. The octahedra with an edge length of 8 nm were obtained by directly depositing thin, conformal shells of a Pt-Ni alloy on Pd octahedra of 6 nm in edge length. The key to the success of this synthesis is the use of an amphiphilic solvent to ensure good compatibility between the solvents typically used for the syntheses of Pd and Pt-Ni nanocrystals. The core-shell structure was confirmed by a number of techniques, including scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, in situ X-ray diffraction under H2 and He, and electrochemical measurements. Relative to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst, the Pd@Pt-Ni/C catalyst showed mass and specific ORR activities enhanced by 12.5- and 14-fold, respectively. The formation of a core-shell structure helped increase the electroactive surface area in terms of Pt and thus the mass activity. During an accelerated durability test, the mass activity of the Pd@Pt-Ni/C catalyst only dropped by 1.7% after 10,000 cycles.
The Use of Attack and Protection Trees to Analyze Security for an Online Banking System (2007)

Online banking has become increasingly important to the profitability of financial institutions as well as adding convenience for their customers. As the number of customers using online banking increases, online banking systems are becoming more desirable targets for criminals to attack. To maintain their customers' trust and confidence in the security of their online bank accounts, financial institutions must identify how attackers compromise accounts and develop methods to protect them. Attack trees and protection trees are a cost effective way to do this. Attack trees highlight the weaknesses in a system and protection trees provide a methodical means of mitigating these weaknesses. In this paper, a notional online banking system is analyzed and protection solutions are proposed for varying budgets
Oxidation of Monomeric and Polymeric Sulfhydryl Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Monomeric and Polymeric Sulfhydryl Compounds1C. G. Overberger and J. J. FerraroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3539–3545Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time global localization with a pre-built visual landmark database (2008)

In this paper, we study how to build a vision-based system for global localization with accuracies within 10cm. for robots and humans operating both indoors and outdoors over wide areas covering many square kilometers. In particular, we study the parameters of building a landmark database rapidly and utilizing that database online for real-time accurate global localization. Although the accuracy of traditional short-term motion based visual odometry systems has improved significantly in recent years, these systems alone cannot solve the drift problem over large areas. Landmark based localization combined with visual odometry is a viable solution to the large scale localization problem. However, a systematic study of the specification and use of such a landmark database has not been undertaken. We propose techniques to build and optimize a landmark database systematically and efficiently using visual odometry. First, topology inference is utilized to find overlapping images in the database. Second, bundle adjustment is used to refine the accuracy of each 3D landmark. Finally, the database is optimized to balance the size of the database with achievable accuracy. Once the landmark database is obtained, a new real-time global localization methodology that works both indoors and outdoors is proposed. We present results of our study on both synthetic and real datasets that help us determine critical design parameters for the landmark database and the achievable accuracies of our proposed system.
Mobile stations location in future TDMA mobile communication systems (2005)

This paper describes results of mobile station location simulations in a TDMA cellular network of next generation. The positioning method, as well as algorithms and models at the basis of the simulator, are described. The location accuracy in different environmental conditions is assessed and compared with previous similar results obtained in a GSM network.
Enhancement of human basophil histamine release by interleukin 5. (1990)

Substantial evidence indicates a close relationship between eosinophils and basophils. We examined whether interleukin 5 (IL-5), known to be eosinophilopoietic and capable of selectively regulating eosinophil functions, has an affect on basophil functions. IL-5 enhanced basophil histamine release evoked by anti-IgE, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, or ionophore A23187 at picomolar concentrations. Direct action of IL-5 on human basophils was confirmed using highly purified basophil populations. These observations reveal the novel fact that IL-5 is able to modulate basophil functions as well as eosinophil functions, and suggest that normal human basophils possess functional receptors for IL-5.
Comparison of an Amide and Amine Salt as Friction Modifiers for a Magnetic Thin Film Medium© (1994)

The frictional properties of a novel lubricant on a thin film magnetic medium are presented. The novel carboxylic amine salt has better frictional characteristics than the corresponding amide. The microscopic coverage of the lubricant film on the magnetic medium also is investigated by means of FTIR. Coverage does not change during reciprocating motion for the amine salt, which tightly anchors to the surface, since the friction coefficient is low and steady. The friction coefficient of the amine salt decreases with increasing lubricant on the surfaces. In contrast for the amide, the rubbing contact process breaks the lubricant film and results in high friction coefficient, since the amide has weak interaction with the surfaces. The friction coefficient is almost independent of the amount of the lubricant for the amide.