gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The<i>Xenopus</i>receptor tyrosine kinase Xror2 modulates morphogenetic movements of the axial mesoderm and neuroectoderm via Wnt signaling (2002)

The Spemann organizer plays a central role in neural induction, patterning of the neuroectoderm and mesoderm, and morphogenetic movements during early embryogenesis. By seeking genes whose expression is activated by the organizer-specific LIM homeobox gene Xlim-1 in Xenopus animal caps, we isolated the receptor tyrosine kinase Xror2. Xror2 is expressed initially in the dorsal marginal zone, then in the notochord and the neuroectoderm posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. mRNA injection experiments revealed that overexpression of Xror2 inhibits convergent extension of the dorsal mesoderm and neuroectoderm in whole embryos, as well as the elongation of animal caps treated with activin, whereas it does not appear to affect cell differentiation of neural tissue and notochord. Interestingly, mutant constructs in which the kinase domain was point-mutated or deleted (named Xror2-TM) also inhibited convergent extension, and did not counteract the wild-type, suggesting that the ectodomain of Xror2 per se has activities that may be modulated by the intracellular domain. In relation to Wnt signaling for planar cell polarity, we observed: (1) the Frizzled-like domain in the ectodomain is required for the activity of wild-type Xror2 and Xror2-TM; (2) co-expression of Xror2 with Xwnt11, Xfz7, or both, synergistically inhibits convergent extension in embryos; (3) inhibition of elongation by Xror2 in activin-treated animal caps is reversed by co-expression of a dominant negative form of Cdc42 that has been suggested to mediate the planar cell polarity pathway of Wnt; and (4) the ectodomain of Xror2 interacts with Xwnts in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. These results suggest that Xror2 cooperates with Wnts to regulate convergent extension of the axial mesoderm and neuroectoderm by modulating the planar cell polarity pathway of Wnt.
A pre-computation scheme for speeding up public-key cryptosystems (1998)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
Chikungunya virus–associated encephalitis (2015)

In the context of a large outbreak, CHIKV is a significant cause of CNS disease. As with other etiologies, CHIKV-associated encephalitis case distribution by age follows a U-shaped parabolic curve.
Case 40-2003 (2003)

Presentation of CaseA 14-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent abdominal distention, vomiting, and diarrhea.The boy had been born at another hospital at 34 weeks' gestation and weighed 2.56 kg at birth. He had been admitted to the newborn intensive care unit for three days, during which time he received antibiotics and had an unremarkable course. He was bottle-fed and tube-fed on his first day of life but was breast-fed beginning on the second day.His mother had had ulcerative colitis for 22 years (since the age of 20 years); it was controlled with hydrocortisone . . .
The North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory deep-water acoustic propagation experiments in the Philippine Sea (2013)

A series of experiments conducted in the Philippine Sea during 2009-2011 investigated deep-water acoustic propagation and ambient noise in this oceanographically and geologically complex region: (i) the 2009 North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) Pilot Study/Engineering Test, (ii) the 2010-2011 NPAL Philippine Sea Experiment, and (iii) the Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation of the 2010-2011 NPAL Philippine Sea Experiment. The experimental goals included (a) understanding the impacts of fronts, eddies, and internal tides on acoustic propagation, (b) determining whether acoustic methods, together with other measurements and ocean modeling, can yield estimates of the time-evolving ocean state useful for making improved acoustic predictions, (c) improving our understanding of the physics of scattering by internal waves and spice, (d) characterizing the depth dependence and temporal variability of ambient noise, and (e) understanding the relationship between the acoustic field in the water column and the seismic field in the seafloor. In these experiments, moored and ship-suspended low-frequency acoustic sources transmitted to a newly developed distributed vertical line array receiver capable of spanning the water column in the deep ocean. The acoustic transmissions and ambient noise were also recorded by a towed hydrophone array, by acoustic Seagliders, and by ocean bottom seismometers.
Engineering Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Studies of Cell Maturation (2013)

Abstract Using cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC‐CMs), it is now possible to develop models of human cardiac diseases and to screen novel pharmaceutical agents on human cardiac cells and tissues. However, since hPSC‐CMs display an immature phenotype, significant focus has turned to cardiac tissue engineering to deliver a means to mature these cells. In this review we discuss the maturation state of currently available hPSC‐CMs and provide an overview of the processes involved in cardiomyocyte maturation. We then explore the differences between pathological and physiological hypertrophy and discuss how tissue engineering techniques that rely on the combined use of biomaterials and bioreactors can be utilized to enhance and study the hypertrophic response.
Dropped Edges and Faces' Size in Gabriel and Relative Neighborhood Graphs (2006)

We have developed a mathematical model for calculation of expected value of share of edges being dropped while constructing a Gabriel or a relative neighborhood graph starting from a random geometrical graph created by a homogeneous Poisson point process on a plane. The expressions for the expected values of number of faces and face size are derived as well. All expressions are given as functions of deployment configuration. The results are verified through detailed comparison with extensive simulation results. Since Gabriel and relative neighborhood graphs are used for various applications in ad hoc networking we believe that our model simplifies theoretical analysis of functionality and performance of such networks
Mel-cepstral distance measure for objective speech quality assessment (2002)

The author proposes a perceptually motivated modification to the cepstral distance measure (CD) based on the mel frequency scale and critical-band filtering. The new objective parameter is referred to as the mel cepstral distance (MCD). The author measures and compares the performance of the CD and MCD algorithms by applying them to a dataset representing low-bit-rate code-excited linear prediction (CELP)-coded speech with simulated channel conditions. The improvement in correlation with subjective DAM scores indicates that critical band filtering (and frequency warping) allows better modeling of perceived quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
“One pot” and selective synthesis of monoglycerides over homogeneous and heterogeneous guanidine catalysts (2004)

The selective synthesis of monoglycerides was carried out in one step starting from an equimolar mixture of unprotected glycerol and fatty methyl esters. This reaction was catalyzed at low temperature by supported guanidine catalysts either in a solvent or without. Whereas most alkaline hydroxides or carbonate catalysts lead to monoglycerides in a limited purity and an excessive corrosive waste production, we showed that supported guanidine derivatives afforded monoglycerides in high yield according to an environmentally friendly process. Moreover, at the end of the reaction, the solid catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused several times without notable change of reactivity.
Red blood cell preservation in protein-poor media. 2. Studies of changes in red cell shape during storage. (1980)

Red cells stored for up to 35 days have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Formation of spicules occurred under all storage conditions in CPD and CPD-adenine whole blood, CPD-adenine red cell concentrate, and saline-adenine-glucose red cell concentrate. The number of cells with normal or near normal shape was larger if the blood was stored as a moderately concentrated suspension in saline-adenine-glucose medium or in autologous plasma as compared to the storage as whole blood. The occurrence of echinocytes during storage at +4 degrees C was not correlated to red cell ATP. It was shown that a drastic reduction of ATP leads to an increased formation of both spherocytes and echinocytes. The change of red cell shape during storage at +4 degrees C thus can be due to two processes, one unrelated to ATP and another related to ATP. Why storage as red cell concentrate is superior is not fully understood.
Effect of Artificial Oxygen Carrier with Chemotherapy on Tumor Hypoxia and Neovascularization (2008)

PEG-Hb in high concentration can notably improve tumor tissue oxygenation and normalize neovasculature; it may be a potential adjuvant to chemotherapy in cancer.
NEW SYNTHESIS OF ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS, THALIFOLINE, CORYPALLINE, AND CHERYLLINE (1980)

Abstract Isoquinoline alkaloids, thalifoline, corypalline, and cherylline, were synthesised by application of the cyclisation reaction of β-phenylethyl isocyanate to N-methylisoquinoline lactam with Magic Methyl and the regioselective cleavage reaction of aromatic methoxyl groups with methionine and methanesulphonic acid.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Structure, Dynamics, and Thermostability of the RNA Hairpins uCACGg and cUUCGg (2007)

Classical replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study structure, dynamics and thermostability of the 14-mer RNA hairpins uCACGg and cUUCGg. Despite of the different sequence and closing base pair of the two systems, recent NMR studies have shown that the tetraloop CACG is strikingly similar in overall geometry and hydrogen bonding to the canonical UUCG tetraloop. On the other hand, the two systems differ significantly in their functionality and thermostability. The simulations confirm the structural similarities of the two RNA hairpins at room temperature but also reveal that the UUCG loop is more flexible than the CACG loop. Concerning the functionality, the CACG loop shows a stronger attitude to donate hydrogens than the UUCG loop, although their global solvent accessible surface is quite similar. The simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimentally found difference in melting temperatures (20 K). In the case of the uCACGg hairpin, the thermal unfolding occurs cooperatively in an all-or-none fashion, while the cUUCGg hairpin shows less cooperativity but exhibits intermediate states during the unfolding process.
A brief history of 'pixel' (2006)

The term <i>pixel</i>, for <i>picture element</i>, was first published in two different SPIE Proceedings in 1965, in articles by Fred C. Billingsley of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The alternative <i>pel</i> was published by William F. Schreiber of MIT in the <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i> in 1967. Both <i>pixel</i> and <i>pel</i> were propagated within the image processing and video coding field for more than a decade before they appeared in textbooks in the late 1970s. Subsequently, <i>pixel</i> has become ubiquitous in the fields of computer graphics, displays, printers, scanners, cameras, and related technologies, with a variety of sometimes conflicting meanings.
A multicast inter-task communication protocol for embedded multiprocessor systems (2005)

Recently, a new programming model and platform interface for MPSoC design and integration called TTL (Task Transaction Level) has been developed and advocated as a standard. In this paper, a specific implementation of the TTL interface named ITCP (Inter-Task Communication Protocol) is presented. ITCP is well suited for both hardware and software implementations and supports features such as multitasking and multicast communication. A configurable SystemC model of the ITCP protocol and its integration in a system-level design methodology is disclosed in this work. Moreover, details of a multi-task ITCP software shell implementation for an ARM9 with eCos RTOS are also given in the paper.
A comparison of face‐to‐face and virtual software development teams (2002)

Looks at new communications technologies, such as videoconferencing systems, which have enabled the creation of “virtual organizations” and “virtual teams”. Investigates the hypotheses that both “social presence” and “media richness” associated with a communication medium used to support geographically‐dispersed software development teams, will have a significant impact on team productivity, perceived interaction quality, and group process satisfaction. Results supported the predicted superiority of the face‐to‐face setting over the videoconferencing setting with regard to team productivity. They also indicated that a communication medium characterized as high in both “media richness” and “social presence” can engender a greater sense of interaction quality. There were no significant differences between the face‐to‐face and videoconferencing settings for group process satisfaction.
The evolution of user behavior in a computerized conferencing system (1981)

Data from 18-month operational trials of the EIES system indicate that the range of features considered valuable in a computer-based communication system increases with the amount of experience gained by using this medium of communication. Simple message systems alone are not likely to satisfy the communications needs of long term, regular users of computerized communications systems. Among the capabilities which long term, regular users find valuable are group conferences, notebooks for text composition, and self-defined commands.
Consumer acceptability of a synbiotic version of the maize beverage mageu (2010)

This study examined the possibility of converting mageu, a fermented maize beverage popular throughout southern Africa, into a health-promoting and affordable alternative to probiotic dairy products. A range of probiotic Lactobacillus species was compared with a control species traditionally used to prepare mageu. Prebiotic oligosaccharide (soluble fibre), which enhances the growth of beneficial bacteria, was also included. The resulting beverages were compared in two ways: sensory attributes were determined by a trained panel using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), and consumer acceptability was assessed by 53 untrained volunteers. The QDA results suggest that mageu fermented by Lb. acidophilus or Lb. rhamnosus was most similar to the control mageu, while Lb. paracasei mageu and Lb. casei mageu were least similar. The consumer acceptability data confirmed that Lb. acidophilus or Lb. rhamnosus mageu did not differ significantly from the control, suggesting that either of these is suitable for commercial production of probiotic mageu.
Privacy-Preserving Outsourced Speech Recognition for Smart IoT Devices (2019)

Most of the current intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) products take neural network-based speech recognition as the standard human–machine interaction interface. However, the traditional speech recognition frameworks for smart IoT devices always collect and transmit voice information in the form of plaintext, which may cause the disclosure of user privacy. Due to the wide utilization of speech features as biometric authentication, the privacy leakage can cause immeasurable losses to personal property and privacy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an outsourced privacy-preserving speech recognition framework (OPSR) for smart IoT devices in the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and edge computing. In the framework, a series of additive secret sharing-based interactive protocols between two edge servers are designed to achieve lightweight outsourced computation. And based on the protocols, we implement the neural network training process of LSTM for intelligent IoT device voice control. Finally, combined with the universal composability theory and experiment results, we theoretically prove the correctness and security of our framework.
Peripheral Administration of an Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Antagonist Decreases the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Isolation Stress (2001)

Angiotensin II, which stimulates AT(1) receptors, is a brain and peripheral stress hormone. We pretreated rats with the AT(1) receptor antagonist candesartan for 13 d via sc-implanted osmotic minipumps, followed by 24-h isolation in individual metabolic cages. We measured angiotensin II receptor-type binding and mRNAs and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA by quantitative autoradiography and in situ hybridization, catecholamines by HPLC, and hormones by RIA. Isolation increased AT(1) receptor binding in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as well as anterior pituitary ACTH, and decreased posterior pituitary AVP. Isolation stress also increased AT(1) receptor binding and AT(1B) mRNA in zona glomerulosa and AT(2) binding in adrenal medulla, adrenal catecholamines, tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA, aldosterone, and corticosterone. Candesartan blocked AT(1) binding in paraventricular nucleus and adrenal gland; prevented the isolation-induced alterations in pituitary ACTH and AVP and in adrenal corticosterone, aldosterone, and catecholamines; abolished the increase in AT(2) binding in adrenal medulla; and substantially decreased urinary AVP, corticosterone, aldosterone, and catecholamines during isolation. Peripheral pretreatment with an AT(1) receptor antagonist blocks brain and peripheral AT(1) receptors and inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress, suggesting a physiological role for peripheral and brain AT(1) receptors during stress and a possible beneficial effect of AT(1) antagonism in stress-related disorders.
Imides from Asparagine and Glutamine. II. α-Aminoglutarimide<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImides from Asparagine and Glutamine. II. α-Aminoglutarimide1Ernest Sondheimer and Robert W. HolleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 14, 3767–3770Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01571a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01571a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Invited: Elastic scattering spectroscopy for diagnosis of tissue pathologies (2006)

Spectral analysis of sub-surface elasticscattered light, over a broad range of wavelengths, can be used as a method of noninvasive optical, real-time diagnosis for a variety of tissue pathologies.
Characterization of F107 fimbriae of Escherichia coli 107/86, which causes edema disease in pigs, and nucleotide sequence of the F107 major fimbrial subunit gene, fedA (1992)

F107 fimbriae were isolated and purified from edema disease strain 107/86 of Escherichia coli. Plasmid pIH120 was constructed, which contains the gene cluster that codes for adhesive F107 fimbriae. The major fimbrial subunit gene, fedA, was sequenced. An open reading frame that codes for a protein with 170 amino acids, including a 21-amino-acid signal peptide, was found. The protein without the signal sequence has a calculated molecular mass of 15,099 Da. Construction of a nonsense mutation in the open reading frame of fedA abolished both fimbrial expression and the capacity to adhere to isolated porcine intestinal villi. In a screening of 28 reference edema disease strains and isolates from clinically ill piglets, fedA was detected in 24 cases (85.7%). In 20 (83.3%) of these 24 strains, fedA was found in association with Shiga-like toxin II variant genes, coding for the toxin that is characteristic for edema disease strains of E. coli. The fimbrial subunit gene was not detected in enterotoxigenic E. coli strains. Because of the capacity of E. coli HB101(pIH120) transformants to adhere to isolated porcine intestinal villi, the high prevalence of fedA in edema disease strains, and the high correlation with the Shiga-like toxin II variant toxin-encoding genes, we suggest that F107 fimbriae are an important virulence factor in edema disease strains of E. coli.
Natural rubber from sunflower (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNatural rubber from sunflowerRobert D. Stipanovic, Daniel H. O'Brien, Charlie E. Rogers, and Kevin D. HanlonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 6, 1322–1323Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60232a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60232a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual Features for Content-based Medical Image Retrieval. (2004)

We describe our experiments for the Image CLEF medical retrieval task. Our efforts were focused on the initial visual search. A content based approach was followed using global features that would perform well with the medical image collection. We used structure, texture, localisation and colour features that have been proven by previous experiments. The retrieval results showed that this simple approach was successful.
On the Relationship Between Inventory Costs and Variety Benefits in Retail Assortments (1999)

Consider a category of product variants distinguished by some attribute such as color or flavor. A retailer must construct an assortment for the category, i.e., select a subset variants to stock and determine purchase quantities for each offered variant. We analyze this problem using a multinomial logit model to describe the consumer choice process and a newsboy model to represent the retailer's inventory cost. We show that the optimal assortment has a simple structure and provide insights on how various factors affect the optimal level of assortment variety. We also develop a formal definition of the level of fashion in a category using the theory of majorization and examine its implications for category profits.