gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: The detection of aquatic animal species using environmental DNA – a review of eDNA as a survey tool in ecology (2014)

Summary Knowledge of species distribution is critical to ecological management and conservation biology. Effective management requires the detection of populations, which can sometimes be at low densities and is usually based on visual detection and counting. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the detection of short species‐specific environmental DNA (e DNA ) fragments to allow aquatic species monitoring within different environments due to the potential of greater sensitivity over traditional survey methods which can be time‐consuming and costly. Environmental DNA analysis is increasingly being used in the detection of rare or invasive species and has also been applied to e DNA persistence studies and estimations of species biomass and distribution. When combined with next‐generation sequencing methods, it has been demonstrated that entire faunas can be identified. Different environments require different sampling methodologies, but there remain areas where laboratory methodologies could be standardized to allow results to be compared across studies. Synthesis and applications . We review recently published studies that use e DNA to monitor aquatic populations, discuss the methodologies used and the application of e DNA analysis as a survey tool in ecology. We include innovative ideas for how e DNA can be used for conservation and management citing test cases, for instance, the potential for on‐site analyses, including the application of e DNA analysis to carbon nanotube platforms or laser transmission spectroscopy to facilitate rapid on‐site detections. The use of e DNA monitoring is already being adopted in the UK for ecological surveys.
Economics, Historiography, and Sociology (1991)

Abstract This chapter begins by discussing how in the decades following 1871, the critique of classical political economy as an economic theory brought about its demise as an ideology. This ideological decline resulted in a crisis of intellectual authority. It then talks about nineteenth-century British historiography and how it is generally accepted that it is dominated by the Whiggish principle of gradualism. It notes that in the 1870s and 1880s, there has been a gradual acceptance of German historiography by British historians. Next, it notes that in British sociology, the epistemological challenge was posed by the systematizing tendency of Comtean thought. It then describes the conflict between British empirical historiography on one hand, and Comtean and Spencerian sociology on the other.
Open Aircraft Performance Modeling: Based on an Analysis of Aircraft Surveillance Data (2019)

A large number of stakeholders exist in the modern air traffic management ecosystem. Air transportation studies benefit from collaboration and the sharing of knowledge and findings between these different players. However, not all parties have equal access to information. Due to the lack of open-source tools and models, it is not always possible to undertake comparative studies and to repeat experiments. The barriers to accessing proprietary tools and models create major limitations in the field of air traffic management research. This dissertation investigates the methods necessary to construct an aircraft performance model based on open data, which can be used freely and redistributed without restrictions. The primary data source presented in this dissertation is aircraft surveillance data that can be intercepted openly with little to no restriction in most regions of the world. The eleven chapters in this dissertation follow the sequence of open data, open models, and performance estimations. This order corresponds to the three main parts of the dissertation. In the first part of the dissertation, open surveillance data is explored. Methods are developed to decode and process this data. Extraction of information is also made possible thanks to machine learning algorithms. The second part of the dissertation examines the main components of the open aircraft performance model. Models related to kinematics, thrust, drag polar, fuel flow, and weather are investigated. The third part of the dissertation looks into the possibility of using surveillance data to estimate aircraft performance parameters, for example, aircraft turn performance, aircraft mass, and thrust settings, for individual flights. With the goal of making future air traffic management studies more transparent, comparable, and reproducible, the models and tools proposed in this dissertation are fully open. The final aircraft performance model, OpenAP, proposed in this dissertation has proven to be an efficient open alternative to current closed-source models.
Cache performance of vector processors (1988)

An instruction-level simulator for IBM 3090 with VF (vector facility) has been developed for studying the performance of vector processors and their memory hierarchies. Initial use of the simulator is to understand the program locality of real vectorized applications. Observation on several large scientific applications indicates that the program locality of vector execution can be significantly different from that of the scalar execution of the same application. Although these large applications generally do not exhibit a locality as strong as that of the conventional mainframe applications, their cache hit ratios are high enough to take advantage of a cache. The cache performance of these applications with respect to various cache parameters is also presented.
A study on PVDF-HFP gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (2017)

In this paper, poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) gel polymer electrolyte was fabricated via solvent casting method in order to improve the performance of the lithium-ion batteries. By comparing the physical and electrochemical properties of PVDF-HFP gel polymer electrolyte with three different proportions, the optimization of the PVDF-HFP gel polymer electrolyte was obtained: 10wt% PVDF-HFP - 80wt% tetrahydrofuran (THF) / acetone - 10wt% 1mol L-1 lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) in elthylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). The optimized PVDF-HFP gel polymer electrolyte displayed a high conductivity of 1.06×10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature, a high lithium transference number of 0.36 and a good thermal stability within 100°C. Moreover, the discharge specific capacity was 135.1 mAh g-1, and the charge / discharge efficiency was 99.1% at 0.1C rate. Therefore, the fabricated PVDF-HFP gel polymer electrolyte was an effective gel polymer electrolyte to be applied on lithium-ion batteries.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Prediction of Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: A Technique using Hippocampus Extracted from MRI (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of AD and its identification is very crucial for early treatment. MCI to AD conversion is of imperative concern in current Alzheimer's research. In this study, we have investigated the conversion from MCI to AD using different types of features. The impact of structural changes in entire brain tissues captured through MRI, genetics, neuropsychological assessment scores and their combination are investigated. Computational cost can be significantly reduced by examining only the hippocampi region, atrophy of which is visible in the earliest stages of the disease. We proposed a CNN based deep learning approach for the prediction of conversion from MCI to AD using above mentioned features. Highest accuracy is achieved when left hippocampus is used as a region of interest (ROI). The proposed technique outperforms the other state of the art methods, while maintaining a low computational cost. The main contribution of the research lies in the fact that only a single slice based small region of MRI is used resulting in an outstanding performance. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity achieved are 94%, 92% and 96% respectively.
The structure/physical property relationships of a model water‐dispersible granule (1990)

Abstract The particles constituting a water‐dispersible granule are arranged in a structure which determines the physical properties of that formulation. To examine the importance of such structures, four examples were prepared which were significantly different in terms of bonding and porosity. Examination by electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry indicated that granule strength and dispersion properties were determined by a combination of structure and bonding. A compact granule with weak bonds proved to be a suitable structure for fast dispersion and high solid strength.
Blood Transfusion (1942)

Medical School, Hammersmith Transfusion in Acute CasesThe acute group may be roughly divided into three types:(1) patients with haemorrhage so severe as to result in anox- ae,mia; (2) patients suffering from shock rather than blood loss; and (3) patients with severe multiple injuries and considerable haemorrhage without obvious shock.
Facing Real-Time Identification in Mobile Apps & Wearable Computers (2013)

The use of face recognition technology in mobile apps and wearable computers challenges individuals’ ability to remain anonymous in public places. These apps can also link individuals’ offline activities to their online profiles, generating a digital paper trail of their every move. The ability to go off the radar allows for quiet reflection and daring experimentation—processes that are essential to a productive and democratic society. Given what we stand to lose, we ought to be cautious with groundbreaking technological progress. It does not mean that we have to move any slower, but we should think about potential consequences of the steps that we take. This article maps out the recently launched face recognition apps and some emerging regulatory responses to offer initial policy considerations. With respect to current apps, app developers should consider how the relevant individuals could be put on notice given that the apps will not only be using information about their users, but also about the persons being identified. They should also consider how the apps could minimize their data collection and retention and keep the data secure. Today’s face recognition apps mostly use photos from social networks. They therefore call for regulatory responses that consider the context in which users originally shared the photos. Most importantly, the article highlights that the Federal Trade Commission’s first policy response to consumer applications that use face recognition did not follow the well-established principle of technology neutrality. The article argues that any regulation with respect to identification in real time should be technology neutral and narrowly address harmful uses of computer vision without hampering the development of useful applications.
Modulation of cAMP-Specific PDE without Emetogenic Activity: New Sulfide-Like PDE7 Inhibitors (2014)

A forward chemical genetic approach was followed to discover new targets and lead compounds for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. By analysis of the cell protection produced by some small molecules, a diphenyl sulfide compound was revealed to be a new phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitor and identified as a new hit. This result allows us to confirm the utility of PDE7 inhibitors as a potential pharmacological treatment of PD. On the basis of these data, a diverse family of diphenyl sulfides has been developed and pharmacologically evaluated in the present work. Moreover, to gain insight into the safety of PDE7 inhibitors for human chronic treatment, we evaluated the new compounds in a surrogate emesis model, showing nonemetic effects.
Cation exchange separation of thorium from rare earths and other elements in methanol-nitric acid medium containing trioctylphosphine oxide (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation exchange separation of thorium from rare earths and other elements in methanol-nitric acid medium containing trioctylphosphine oxideJohann. Korkisch and K. A. OrlandiniCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 13, 1952–1955Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60269a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60269a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strong π-acceptor sulfonated phosphines in biphasic rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of polar alkenes (2015)

Trifluoromethylated and sulfonated triarylphosphines are remarkably resistant toward oxidation and very active for the biphasic hydroformylation of polar alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of C‐Glycosylbarbiturates. (1984)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Aminoglucose (I) mit den Barbitursäuren (II) entstehen die C‐Glykoside (III), die zu (IV) cyclisiert und acetyliert werden.
EFFECT OF LOW‐VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON ANGIOGENIC GROWTH FACTORS IN ISCHAEMIC RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE (2006)

1. Low-voltage electrical stimulation (LVES) in skeletal muscle at a level far below the threshold of muscle contraction has been reported to promote local angiogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the promotion of local angiogenesis by LVES has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated whether angiogenic factors, such as vascular endotherial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), as well as other disadvantageous factors, such as inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6) and hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha), contribute to the local angiogenesis produced by LVES. 2. We completely excised bilateral femoral arteries of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After the operation, electrodes were implanted onto the centre of the fascia of the bilateral tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, tunnelled subcutaneously and exteriorized at the level of the scapulae. The right TA muscles of rats were stimulated continuously at a stimulus frequency of 50 Hz, with a 0.1 V stimulus strength and no interval, for 5 days. The left TA muscles served as controls. 3. We found that both VEGF and HGF protein were significantly increased by LVES in stimulated muscles compared with control. The VEGF level of the LVES group was 89.10 +/- 17.19 ng/g, whereas that of the control group was 65.07 +/- 12.88 ng/g, as determined by ELISA (P < 0.05). The HGF level of the LVES and control groups was 8.52 +/- 1.96 and 5.80 +/- 2.14 ng/g, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in FGF, IL-6 and HIF-1alpha between the LVES and control groups. 4. These results suggest that LVES in a hindlimb ischaemia model of rats increases not only VEGF, but also HGF, production, which may be the main mechanism responsible for the angiogenesis produced by LVES.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibits Collagen Synthesis and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Independently of Its Effect on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Osteoblast-Enriched Bone Cell Cultures* (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), a product of activated monocytes, induces tissue wasting in certain solid tumors in vivo and in in vitro model systems. Recent studies indicate that TNF alpha also regulates cell replication and expression of differentiated function in a variety of nonneoplastic cell systems. Since monocyte products could accumulate in bone with trauma, inflammation, or other disease states, bone cell activity might be altered by the presence of these pathophysiological molecules. Using cells obtained by sequential enzyme release from fetal rat parietal bone, we find that TNF alpha has acute stimulatory and inhibitory effects on bone cell macromolecular synthesis. Within 24 h of exposure, recombinant human TNF alpha at 0.3-100 nM progressively increases the rate of DNA synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cell cultures up to 3- to 4-fold, and 3-100 nM TNF alpha reduces collagen production and alkaline phosphatase activity by 20-30%. These decreases are not altered by 1 mM hydroxyurea, which blocks the mitogenic effect of TNF alpha by 85-90%. In addition, hydroxyproline levels in the culture medium do not increase relative to the control value after TNF alpha treatment, suggesting that decreased collagen production results from less synthesis rather than increased collagen degradation. Hybridization studies with cDNA encoding the alpha 1-chain of rat type I collagen show that TNF alpha increases type I collagen mRNA to an extent similar to its effect on cell replication. Therefore, TNF alpha appears to inhibit collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblast-enriched cell cultures by mechanisms that are not related to its effects on cell replication.
A comparison study: image-based vs signal-based retrospective gating on microCT (2017)

Retrospective gating on animal studies with microCT has gained popularity in recent years. Previously, we use ECG signals for cardiac gating and breathing airflow or video signals of abdominal motion for respiratory gating. This method is adequate and works well for most applications. However, through the years, researchers have noticed some pitfalls in the method. For example, the additional signal acquisition step may increase failure rate in practice. X-Ray image-based gating, on the other hand, does not require any extra step in the scanning. Therefore we investigate imagebased gating techniques. This paper presents a comparison study of the image-based versus signal-based approach to retrospective gating. The two application areas we have studied are respiratory and cardiac imaging for both rats and mice. Image-based respiratory gating on microCT is relatively straightforward and has been done by several other researchers and groups. This method retrieves an intensity curve of a region of interest (ROI) placed in the lung area on all projections. From scans on our systems based on step-and-shoot scanning mode, we confirm that this method is very effective. A detailed comparison between image-based and signal-based gating methods is given. For cardiac gating, breathing motion is not negligible and has to be dealt with. Another difficulty in cardiac gating is the relatively smaller amplitude of cardiac movements comparing to the respirational movements, and the higher heart rate. Higher heart rate requires high speed image acquisition. We have been working on our systems to improve the acquisition speed. A dual gating technique has been developed to achieve adequate cardiac imaging.
WiFi: what's next? (2002)

WiFi, also known as 802.11b, has become the preferred technology for wireless local area networking in both business and home environments. Even though it was designed primarily for private applications, WiFi is also being deployed in public places to create so-called hotspots, where WiFi-capable users can obtain broadband Internet access. This new domain of application could be the major future market opportunity for WiFi, but in order to take advantage of it, several key challenges, both technical and business-related, must be overcome. We outline these challenges and discuss approaches to solutions.
Purification of the oligosaccharide-cleaving enzymes of <i>Flavobacterium meningosepticum</i> (1991)

Four oligosaccharide chain-cleaving enzymes, including two new endoglycosidases distinct from endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo) F1, have been identified and purified to homogeneity from cultural filtrates of Flavobacterium meningosepticum. FPLC-directed hydrophobic-interaction chromatography in conjunction with high-resolution ion-exchange chromatography provided a more simple, rapid method for the isolation of endoglycosidase F1, F2 and F3, and the amidase, peptide-N4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase (PNGase F), in greater than 50% yield. The specificity of PNGase F and Endo F1 are well established. Endo F2 and Endo F3 represent new distinct endoglycosidases that prefer complex as compared to high-mannose asparagine-linked glycans. Endo F2 cleaved biantennary oligosaccharides, whereas Endo F3 cleaved both bi- and triantennary oligosaccharides.
A Rudimentary Quantum Compiler(2cnd Ed.) (1999)

We present a new algorithm for reducing an arbitrary unitary matrix U into a sequence of elementary operations (operations such as controlled-nots and qubit rotations). Such a sequence of operations can be used to manipulate an array of quantum bits (i.e., a quantum computer). Our algorithm applies recursively a mathematical technique called the CS Decomposition to build a binary tree of matrices whose product, in some order, equals the original matrix U. We show that the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is a special case of our algorithm. We report on a C++ program called "Qubiter" that implements the ideas of this paper. Qubiter(PATENT PENDING) source code is publicly available.
The Human Rh50 Glycoprotein Gene (1998)

The Rh (Rhesus) protein family comprises Rh50 glycoprotein and Rh30 polypeptides, which form a complex essential for Rh antigen expression and erythrocyte membrane integrity. This article describes the structural organization of Rh50 gene and identification of its associated splicing defect causing Rhnull disease. The Rh50 gene, which maps at chromosome 6p11-21.1, has an exon/intron structure nearly identical to Rh30 genes, which map at 1p34-36. Of the 10 exons assigned, conservation of size and sequence is confined mainly to the region from exons 2 to 9, suggesting that RH50 and RH30 were formed as two separate genetic loci from a common ancestor via a transchromosomal insertion event. The available information on the structure of RH50 facilitated search for candidate mutations underlying the Rh deficiency syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mild to moderate chronic hemolytic anemia and spherostomatocytosis. In one patient with the Rhnull disease of regulator type, a shortened Rh50 transcript lacking the sequence of exon 7 was detected, while no abnormality was found in transcripts encoding Rh30 polypeptides and Rh-related CD47 glycoprotein. Amplification and sequencing of the genomic region spanning exon 7 revealed a G-->A transition in the invariant GT motif of the donor splice site in both Rh50 alleles. This splicing mutation caused not only a total skipping of exon 7 but also a frameshift and premature chain termination. Thus, the deduced translation product contained 351 instead of 409 amino acids, with an entirely different C-terminal sequence following Thr315. These results identify the donor splicing defect, for the first time, as a loss-of-function mutation at the RH50 locus and pinpoint the importance of the C-terminal region of Rh50 in Rh complex formation via protein-protein interactions.