gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of sickle cell hemoglobin (1975)

High-resoluiton proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 250 MHz has been used to investigate sickle cell hemoglobin. The hyperfine shifted, the ring-current shifted, and the exchangeable proton resonances suggest that the heme environment and the subunit interfaces of the sickle cell hemoglobin molecule are normal. These results suggest that the low oxygen affinity in sickle cell blood is not due to conformational alterations in the heme environment or the subunit interfaces. The C-2 proton resonances of certain histidyl residues can serve as structural probes for the surface conformation of the hemoglobin molecule. Several sharp resonances in sickle cell hemoglobin are shifted upfield from their positions in normal adult hemoglobin. These upfield shifts, which are observed in both oxy and deoxy forms of the molecule under various experimental conditions, suggest that some of the surface residues of sickle cell hemoglobin are altered and they may be in a more hydrophobic environment as compared with that of normal human adult hemoglobin. These differences in surface conformation are pH and ionic strength specific. In particular, upon the addition of organic phosphates to normal and sickle cell hemoglobin samples, the differences in their aromatic proton resonances diminish. These changes in the surface conformation may, in part, be responsible for the abnormal properties of sickle cell hemoglobin.
Serotonin and Acute Ischemic Heart Disease (1991)

Over the past 10 to 15 years, we have gained considerable insight into the pathophysiology of acute ischemic heart disease, and as a result our therapeutic approach has changed substantially. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Prinzmetal's variant angina, an uncommon entity, was shown to result from transient reductions in myocardial oxygen supply, which were due to vasospasm (often superimposed on a fixed stenosis) of an epicardial coronary artery.1 In contrast, the more common forms of acute ischemic heart disease, such as unstable angina and myocardial infarction, were thought to result from excessive myocardial oxygen demand in the setting of . . .
Interstitial Cystitis (1987)

No AccessJournal of UrologyEditorial1 Sep 1987Interstitial Cystitis Philip M. Hanno and Alan J. Wein Philip M. HannoPhilip M. Hanno More articles by this author and Alan J. WeinAlan J. Wein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)43268-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Interstitial Cystitis." The Journal of Urology, 138(3), pp. 595–596 © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 138Issue 3September 1987Page: 595-596 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Philip M. Hanno More articles by this author Alan J. Wein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
What determines skin sensitization potency: Myths, maybes and realities. The 500 molecular weight cut‐off: An updated analysis (2016)

It is widely accepted that substances must have a molecular weight (MW) < 500 to penetrate effectively through the skin to induce sensitization. Roberts et al. (2012. Contact Dermatitis 68: 32-41) evaluated a data set of 699 substances taken from the TIMES-SS expert system and identified that of the 13 substances with a MW > 500, five were sensitizers. This provided good evidence to refute such a MW 500 threshold. While Roberts et al. (2012) made a convincing case that the MW > 500 cut-off was not a true requirement for sensitization, the number of counter examples identified were too few to draw any statistical conclusions. This updated analysis systematically interrogated a large repository of sensitization information collected under the EU REACH regulation. A data set of 2904 substances that had been tested for skin sensitization, using guinea pigs and/or mice were collected. The data set contained 197 substances with a MW > 500; 33 of these were skin sensitizers. Metal containing complexes, reaction products and mixtures were excluded from further consideration. The final set of 14 sensitizers substantiated the original findings. The study also assessed whether the same reaction chemistry principles established for low MW sensitizers applied to chemicals with a MW > 500. The existing reaction chemistry considerations were found appropriate to rationalize the sensitization behaviour of the 14 sensitizers with a MW > 500. The existence of the MW 500 threshold, based on the widespread misconception that the ability to penetrate efficiently the stratum corneum is a key determinant of skin sensitization potential and potency, was refuted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the rat myosin light-chain 2 gene in transgenic mice: stage specificity, developmental regulation, and interrelation with the endogenous gene. (1988)

The expression of the rat skeletal myosin light-chain 2 gene in two transgenic strains was tissue specific and stage specific. However, the temporal regulation during development of the transgene was different from that of the endogenous gene. Surprisingly, in one strain, the expression of the transgene was associated with a significant down-regulation of the endogenous gene. The possible mechanisms to account for the suppression of the endogenous gene and the potential implications of this suppression are discussed.
A multi-functional plasmonic biosensor (2010)

We present a coupler-free, multi-mode refractive index sensor based on nanostructured split ring resonators (SRRs). The fabricated SRR structures exhibit multiple reflectance peaks, whose spectral positions are sensitive to local dielectric environment and can be quantitatively described by our standing-wave plasmonic resonance model, providing a design rule for this multi-mode refractive-index (MMRI) sensor. We further manifest that the lower-order modes possess greater sensitivity associated with stronger localized electromagnetic field leading to shorter detection lengths within five hundreds nanometers, while the higher-order modes present mediate sensitivity with micron-scale detection lengths to allow intracellular bio-events detection. These unique merits enable the SRR-based sensor a multi-functional biosensor and a potential label-free imaging device.
Behavior of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) in ethanol–water systems (2008)

Abstract The behavior of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) membranes in ethanol–water systems was studied for possible application in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Polymer membranes with different degrees of sulfonation were tested by means of uptake, swelling, and ethanol transport with dynamic measurements (liquid–liquid and liquid–gas systems). Ethanol permeability was determined in an liquid–liquid diffusion cell. For membranes with an ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) between 1.15 and 1.75 mmol/g, the ethanol permeability varied between 5 × 10 −8 and 1 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s, being dependent on the measuring temperature. Ethanol and water transport in liquid–gas systems was tested with pervaporation as a function of IEC and temperature. Higher IEC accounted for higher fluxes and lower water/ethanol selectivity. The temperature had a large effect on the fluxes, but the selectivity remained constant. Furthermore, the membranes were characterized with proton conductivity measurements. The proton diffusion coefficient was calculated, and a transition in the proton transfer mechanism was found at a water number of 12. Membranes with high IEC (>1.6 mmol/g) exhibited larger proton diffusion coefficients in ethanol–water systems than in water systems. The membrane with the lowest IEC exhibited the best proton transport to ethanol permeability selectivity. The use of sPEEK membranes in DEFC systems depends on possible modifications to stabilize the membranes in the higher conductive region rather than on modifications to increase the proton conductivity in the stable region. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Growth Mechanism of Nanocrystals in Solution: ZnO, a Case Study (2007)

We investigate the mechanism of growth of nanocrystals from solution using the case of ZnO. Spanning a wide range of values of the parameters, such as the temperature and the reactant concentration that control the growth, our results establish a qualitative departure from the widely accepted diffusion controlled coarsening (Ostwald ripening) process quantified in terms of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. Further, we show that these experimental observations can be qualitatively and quantitatively understood within a growth mechanism that is intermediate between the two well-defined limits of diffusion control and kinetic control.
Visual user interface for PDAs (2004)

The need for visualisation applications developed for small handheld devices such as PDAs and intelligent mobiles are growing. A visual user interface VUI model based on zooming user interface techniques (ZUI), to adapt two complete different visualisation application areas; online brand shopping and flood warning system for PDAs, is presented. The online brand shopping was evaluated in a benchmark usability study comparing it to traditional PC-based eNet shopping. We also give a blueprint to inform researchers and software engineers about our experience in developing visualisation applications for PDAs with existing development platforms.
I-Domain-Antigen Conjugate (IDAC) for Delivering Antigenic Peptides to APC: Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vivo EAE Suppression (2012)

The objectives of this work are to characterize the identity of I-domain-antigen conjugate (IDAC) and to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of IDAC in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mouse model. The hypothesis is that the I-domain delivers PLP(139-151) peptides to antigen-presenting cells (APC) and alters the immune system by simultaneously binding to ICAM-1 and MHC-II, blocking immunological synapse formation. IDAC was synthesized by derivatizing the lysine residues with maleimide groups followed by conjugation with PLP-Cys-OH peptide. Conjugation with PLP peptide does not alter the secondary structure of the protein as determined by CD. IDAC suppresses the progression of EAE, while I-domain and GMB-I-domain could only delay the onset of EAE. As a positive control, Ac-PLP-BPI-NH(2)-2 can effectively suppress the progress of EAE. The number of conjugation sites and the sites of conjugations in IDAC were determined using tryptic digest followed by LC-MS analysis. In conclusion, conjugation of I-domain with an antigenic peptide (PLP) resulted in an active molecule to suppress EAE in vivo.
Current and Kinetic Helicity of Long-Lived Activity Complexes (2014)

We study long-lived activity complexes and their current helicity at the solar surface and their kinetic helicity below the surface. The current helicity has been determined from synoptic vector magnetograms from the NSO/SOLIS facility, and the kinetic helicity of subsurface flows has been determined with ring-diagram analysis applied to full-disk Dopplergrams from NSO/GONG and SDO/HMI. Current and kinetic helicity of activity complexes follow the hemispheric helicity rule with mainly positive values (78%; 78%, respectively, with a 95% confidence level of 31%) in the southern hemisphere and negative ones (80%; 93%, respectively, with a 95% confidence level of 22% and 14%, respectively) in the northern hemisphere. The locations with the dominant sign of kinetic helicity derived from Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) and SDO/HMI data are more organized than those of the secondary sign even if they are not part of an activity complex, while locations with the secondary sign are more fragmented. This is the case for both hemispheres even for the northern one where it is not as obvious visually due to the large amount of magnetic activity present as compared to the southern hemisphere. The current helicity shows a similar behavior. The dominant sign of current helicity is the same as that of kinetic helicity for the majority of the activity complexes (83% with a 95% confidence level of 15%). During the 24 Carrington rotations analyzed here, there is at least one longitude in each hemisphere where activity complexes occur repeatedly throughout the epoch. These active longitudes are identifiable as locations of strong current and kinetic helicity of the same sign.
Does Gene Therapy Call for “STAT” Immunity and Inflammation at the Epithelial Barrier? (1995)

"Does gene therapy call for "STAT" immunity and inflammation at the epithelial barrier?." American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 12(2), pp. 127–129
A W-band dielectric-lens-based integrated monopulse radar receiver (1998)

An integrated monopulse radar receiver has been developed for tracking applications at W-band frequencies. The receiver is based on dielectric-lens-supported, coplanar-waveguide-fed slot-ring antennas integrated with /spl times/2 uniplanar subharmonic mixers. The slot-ring antenna is capable of supporting two orthogonal modes offering the possibility of dual/multiple receive polarizations. The design center frequency is 94 GHz and the IF bandwidth is 2-4 GHz. The measured DSB conversion losses of the individual receiver channels range from 14.4 to 14.7 dB at an LO frequency of 45.0 GHz and an IF of 1.4 GHz. This includes the lens reflection and absorption losses, backside radiation, RF feedline loss, mixer conversion loss, and IF distribution loss. Excellent monopulse patterns are achieved with better than 45 dB difference pattern nulls using IF monopulse processing. This translates to submilliradian angular accuracy for a 24 mm aperture. Better than 25 dB nulls are possible over a 600 MHz bandwidth. The receiver is robust with respect to RF frequency.
Xanthan Precipitation from Solutions and Fermentation Broths (1993)

Abstract Precipitation of xanthan from solutions and fermentation broths is studied. The effects of different precipitating agents, initial xanthan concentrations, and salt additions on xanthan solutions are examined. The effect of sodium and calcium chloride concentrations added to isopropanol (IPA) is studied for xanthan solutions. Xanthan precipitation from fermentation broths has been carried out, and the effect of salt addition to IPA is considered.
Packing of Clathrin into Coats (1982)

Clathrin is involved in the formation of coated vesicles, by budding, from cellular membranes of most eukaryotic cells. Coated membrane in pits and vesicles has long been recognized by the remarkable protein lattice present on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane (see, e.g., Roth and Porter 1964). On shallow-coated pits the protein network is essentially a lattice of hexagonal units. As pentagons are introduced, the pit becomes more concave and the coat deforms inwards, until finally a vesicle is enclosed by a complete polyhedral coat (Kanaseki and Kadota 1969). Images of stages in the process of budding of vesicles from the cytoplasmic surface of fibroblast plasma membranes have recently been captured by rapid freezing and deep etching (Heuser 1980). After a vesicle has been pinched off inside the cell, the coat comes off, the vesicle is released for fusion with another cellular membrane, and the coat components are believed to...
Free Radical Functionalization of Organic Compounds Catalyzed by <i>N-</i>Hydroxyphthalimide (2007)

This review gives a general overview of the reactions\ncatalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide and related compounds.\nIt focuses on processes ranging from commercial production of \nchemicals, such as adipic and terephthalic acid, to fine\nchemicals such as those discussed in the sections on C-N\nand C-C bond formation.\nThe synthetic and reaction mechanisms aspects are critically rewieved, as well \na great consideration is given to the thermodynamic and kinetic issues\nconcerning the nitroxyl radicals involved in the catalytic procesess.
Biomicroscopy of the Eye: Slit Lamp Microscopy of the Living Eye (1944)

This book on slit lamp microscopy of the living eye is the first written in English by an American on this subject. The first two chapters, consisting of 110 pages, are devoted to a thorough description of the various types of slit lamps in general use, including the latest by Comberg and Poser, and include the mechanics and physics of the illuminating systems. The second chapter describes the technic of biomicroscopy and should be invaluable to the ophthalmologist using the slit lamp. There are six chapters devoted to the conjunctiva, eyelids and sclera. The various lesions of the cornea are covered in the next six chapters. One chapter is devoted to the anterior chamber. The last chapter, consisting of 59 pages, deals with gonioscopy and was written by Dr. H. Saul Sugar. It is the most comprehensive thesis on this subject in English to date. The illustrations are clear and
Short communication: Quantification of carbohydrates in whey permeate products using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (2015)

A method was developed for the characterization and quantification of the disaccharide lactose and 3 major bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) in dairy streams. Based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD), this method is advantageous because it requires minimal sample preparation and achieves good chromatographic separation of oligosaccharide isomers within 30min. The linear dynamic range and limit of detection were 0.1 to 10mg/L and 0.03 to 0.22mg/L, respectively. Mean recoveries of the BMO were excellent and ranged from 98.4 to 100.4%. Without complicated sample preparation procedures, this HPAE-PAD method measured BMO [3'-sialyllactose (3'SL), 6'-sialyllactose (6'SL), and 6'-sialyllactosamine (6'SLN)] and lactose using a single instrument, therefore increasing the accuracy of the measurement and applicability for the dairy industry. In colostrum whey permeate, 3'SL, 6'SL, and 6'SLN were 94, 29, and 46mg/L, respectively. This work is the first to demonstrate that some commercial products, currently marketed for supporting a healthy immune system, contain significant amounts of bioactive BMO and therefore, carry additional bioactivities.
Shackling the Imagination: Education for Virtue in Plato and Rousseau (2009)

For most of human history, parents had the primary responsibility for educating their own children, usually with help from an extended family or members of a small community.Today, governments have assumed much of the task, compelling education, and in some cases compelling attendance only at government-operated schools.Constitutional democracies recognize private schools and homeschooling as legitimate ways to meet the requirements of compulsory education laws, but the record is not always perfect.^Moreover, even the most liberal democracies regulate private education.To the extent that they do so, elected representatives and bureaucrats decide how to educate other people's children.This decision to compel and regulate education has the honorable purpose of producing law-abiding and productive citizens or, in old-fashioned terms, virtuous citizens.When individuals disagree on how to achieve such a goal, however, public efforts to control education can create havoc.This is especially true when a government imposes educational reforms that abandon fundamental and
Complete polarization analysis of extreme ultraviolet radiation with a broadband phase retarder and analyzer (2007)

The polarization state of the BESSY UE56/1-PGM beamline radiation in the broad wavelength range of 12.7–15.5nm was measured using a molybdenum/silicon transmission phase retarder and a reflection analyzer with aperiodic multilayer interference structures, which can broaden the spectral response of these optical elements. The characteristics of the circular polarized undulator radiation, as well as the polarization properties of the two polarizing elements, were determined by a complete polarization analysis. Furthermore, the polarization of the radiation as a function of the undulator shift setting was also measured at the wavelength of 13.1nm by use of the broadband phase retarder-analyzer pair.
Zero Voltage Switching Technique for Bidirectional DC/DC Converters (2013)

This paper proposes a zero voltage switching (ZVS) technique for bidirectional dc/dc converters. The dc/dc unit considered consists of two distinct bidirectional dc/dc cells paralleled at both input and output and whose two input bridges are coupled by means of passive inductive branches. A multiangle phase-shift modulation method is proposed which simultaneously achieves bidirectional power control, power sharing, and ZVS of all the electronic devices over the full power range without the need for auxiliary switches. Simulation and experimental results are reported for a 2.4 kW dc/dc unit consisting of two paralleled 1.2 kW bidirectional dual-bridge series resonant converter cells.
THE SODIUM-DIBORANE REACTION (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SODIUM-DIBORANE REACTIONWilliam V. Hough, Lawrence J. Edwards, and Albert D. McElroyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 3, 689Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01584a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01584a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts