gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Microvesicles Released from Human Red Blood Cells (2016)

An increase of intracellular Ca2+ or an activation of protein kinase C leads to the formation and release of MVs in human RBCs.
Central nervous system active compounds. XIV. On the cyclization of N-Acyl-N'-arylureas (1984)

The cyclization of N-acyl-N'-arylureas in polyphosphoric acid has been reinvestigated. The product is not only the 4-substituted quinazolin-2(1H)-one as reported, but also contains the 2-acylaniline in major proportions. Two minor products have also been isolated. At 80º, an intermediate has been detected, the properties of which are consistent with it being the corresponding 2-acylphenyl- urea. Acyl ureas with strongly electron-withdrawing acyl groups form major amounts of the corresponding anilide by the formal loss of cyanic acid. The application of this reaction to the synthesis of quinazolinylphthalides has been investigated.
Mathematical treatment of context effects in phoneme and word recognition (1988)

Percent recognition of phonemes and whole syllables, measured in both consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words and CVC nonsense syllables, is reported for normal young adults listening at four signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. Similar data are reported for the recognition of words and whole sentences in three types of sentence: high predictability (HP) sentences, with both semantic and syntactic constraints; low predictability (LP) sentences, with primarily syntactic constraints; and zero predictability (ZP) sentences, with neither semantic nor syntactic constraints. The probability of recognition of speech units in context (pc) is shown to be related to the probability of recognition without context (pi) by the equation pc = 1 - (1-pi)k, where k is a constant. The factor k is interpreted as the amount by which the channels of statistically independent information are effectively multiplied when contextual constraints are added. Empirical values of k are approximately 1.3 and 2.7 for word and sentence context, respectively. In a second analysis, the probability of recognition of wholes (pw) is shown to be related to the probability of recognition of the constituent parts (pp) by the equation pw = pjp, where j represents the effective number of statistically independent parts within a whole. The empirically determined mean values of j for nonsense materials are not significantly different from the number of parts in a whole, as predicted by the underlying theory. In CVC words, the value of j is constant at approximately 2.5. In the four-word HP sentences, it falls from approximately 2.5 to approximately 1.6 as the inherent recognition probability for words falls from 100% to 0%, demonstrating an increasing tendency to perceive HP sentences either as wholes, or not at all, as S/N ratio deteriorates.
Metabolism of choline in the rhizosphere and its possible influence on plant growth (1973)

Abstract The addition of choline chloride (1 m M ) to the rooting medium of Zea mays seedlings as well as enhancing salt tolerance, caused the pH of the medium to drop rapidly by 1.5 to 2.0 pH units in 24 h. This compares with a drop of 0.2 to 0.3 pH units in the presence of NH 4 + under equivalent conditions. In pot experiments choline treatment promoted the growth of maize and other species under alkaline conditions more effectively than NH 4 + . The acidification of the root medium was due to choline catabolism by bacteria, characterised as a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens , introduced into the medium by the seedling roots. Choline is probably metabolised by the organism via betaine aldehyde and betaine to sarcosine. The acidification step is associated with the oxidation of betaine aldehyde to betaine. The possible role of rhizosphere pH changes and the modification of plant metabolism by chemicals found in the soil are discussed in relation to plant growth under natural conditions.
Very high dielectric strength for dielectric elastomer actuators in liquid dielectric immersion (2013)

This letter reported that a dielectric elastomer actuator (3M VHB), which is immersed in a liquid dielectric bath, is enhanced tremendously in dielectric strength up to 800 MV/m, as compared to 450 MV/m for the actuator operated in air. The bath consists of silicone oil (Dow Corning Fluid 200 50cSt), which is 6.5 times more thermally conductive than air, and it is found able to maintain the actuator at a stable temperature. As a result, the oil-immersed dielectric elastomer actuator is prevented from local thermal runaway, which causes loss of electrical insulation, and consequently avoids the damage by electromechanical instability.
Autocomplete Element Fields (2020)

Aggregate elements are ubiquitous in natural and man-made objects. Interactively authoring these elements with varying anisotropy and deformability can require high artistic skills and manual labor. To reduce input workload and enhance output quality, we present an autocomplete system that can help users distribute and align such elements over different domains. Through a brushing interface, users can place and mix a few elements, and let our system automatically populate more elements for the remaining output. Furthermore, aggregate elements often require proper direction/scalar fields for proper arrangements, but fully specifying such fields across entire domains can be difficult or inconvenient for ordinary users. To address this usability challenge, we formulate element fields that can smoothly orient all the elements based on partial user specifications without requiring full input fields in any step. We validate our prototype system with a pilot user study and show applications in design, collage, and modeling.
[Protein transduction domain peptide mediates delivery to the brain via the blood-brain barrier in Drosophila]. (2009)

Protein transduction domain (PTD)-peptides greatly facilitate the delivery of high molecular weight macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This BBB-transport function is highly desirable and helps to enable the development of new therapeutics for treatment of brain disorders. However, the drug discovery process is limited by the generation of a simple and reliable BBB model that is amenable to testing of large number of samples and simultaneously, reproduces the physiological and functional characteristics of the human BBB. To address these challenges, we have studied whether the PTD-peptide penetratin, derived from a Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain protein, is capable of crossing the BBB in Drosophila while carrying a cargo into the fly brain. An initial in vivo experiment in Drosophila showed that abdominal injection of biotin-tagged penetratin permeated the BBB. The same effect was observed for biotin-tagged penetratin fused with apoE mimetic peptide with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.
Description of a PCR-based technique for DNA splicing and mutagenesis by producing 5' overhangs with run through stop DNA synthesis utilizing Ara-C (2005)

We have demonstrated the utility of a new PCR-based method for carrying out DNA splicing and mutagenesis by incorporating Ara-C into the PCR primers.
Electrospun biodegradable nanofibers scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2015)

ABSTRACT Many polymeric materials have been developed and introduced for bone regeneration. Especially, their nanofibrous forms are mostly applied for artificial extracellular matrices. Polymeric materials in their nanofibrous form show some potent properties such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, tunable porosity, and ease of surface functionalization. Benefiting from the properties of their main polymer and additives, they can provide new opportunities for cell seeding, proliferation, and new 3D‐tissue formation. This article focuses on most cited polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning and recent achievements. They were divided into two main categories: natural (collagen, silk, keratin, gelatin, chitosan, and alginate) and synthetic (e.g., polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and polyglycolic acid) polymers. The role of several additives like hydroxyapatite, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), tricalcium phosphate, and collagen type I in improving the adhesion, differentiation, and tissue formation of stem cells were discussed. Finally, the osteogenic capacity and ability of nanofibrous scaffolds to support the growth of clinically relevant bone tissue were briefly studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42883.
A Descriptive Model for the Kinetics of a Homogeneous Fluorometric Immunoassay (1997)

A descriptive mathematical model was chosen to fit the antigen-antibody association kinetics of a new homogeneous immunometric assay for prolactin, involving time-resolved fluorescence detection (TRACE technology, Time Resolved Amplified Cryptate Emission). We paid special attention to the methodology and criteria applied, to yield a convenient and statistically valid model, designed to allow potential exploitation of kinetic information in the data processing of the assay. We compared specific parameterizations of an hyperbolic model, the Gompertz, and the monomolecular models on the basis of morphological considerations, a statistical analysis of fit, and an assessment of the parameters estimation quality, over a wide range of antigen concentrations. The monomolecular model gave the best fit, and the most precise and stable estimation of its parameters. The study of parameter properties confirmed this choice.
Variations of Protein Levels in Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells CD117/2 Over Passages 5−25 (2009)

Stability of cell lines is the prerequisite for all in vitro research, but literature on the stability of protein expression over passages is limited. Determination of specific stability markers, karyotyping, and morphology may not provide full information on this subject. It was the aim of the study to test protein level fluctuations in a human amniotic fluid stem cell line from passages 5, 7, 11, and 25. While karyotype, cell cycle, apoptosis rate, and 10 markers for characterization of the cell line remained unchanged (carried out at passages 5 and 25), cell volume was increased at passage 25. Significant protein fluctuations were observed for signaling, antioxidant, guidance cue, proteasomal, connective tissue, cytoskeleton proteins, chaperones, a chloride channel, and prothymosin at passages 5, 7, 11, and 25. Herein, the use of this gel-based proteomic screen, checking protein stability for the characterization of cell lines in addition to corresponding published markers, is proposed, in particular when experiments are run over several passages.
A Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus with a Large Deletion in <i>UL97</i> Has a Severe Replication Deficiency (1999)

Human cytomegalovirus encodes a protein kinase (UL97) that confers sensitivity to ganciclovir by phosphorylating it to the monophosphate. The function of this unusual kinase in viral replication is unknown. We constructed two independent isolates of a recombinant virus, RCDelta97, that contain large deletions in this gene and carry a 4.8-kb insertion containing a selectable genetic marker. These mutant viruses were isolated by using a population of primary cells (HEL97) that express this gene from integrated copies of a defective retroviral vector. The recombinant viruses were severely impaired in their ability to replicate in primary fibroblasts, attaining virus titers that were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those produced by the parent virus. Despite the severe replication deficit, both of these viruses retained the ability to form small, slowly growing plaques in primary fibroblasts, demonstrating that UL97 is not absolutely essential for replication in cell culture. The replication deficit was relieved when UL97 was provided in trans in the complementing cell line, showing that the phenotype was due to a deficiency in UL97. Thus, the UL97 gene product plays a very important role in viral replication in tissue culture and may be a good target for antiviral chemotherapy.
Characterization of Silica Sand Due to The Influence of Calcination Temperature (2018)

The characterization of natural silica from Tanah Datar region has been done due to variation of calcination temperature. Characterization is done using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the XRF test show that the content of silica content is 88.957%. Based on XRD test it is found that temperature increase causes structural changes in natural silica. At a temperature of 26 ° C the silica has a quartz phase and in the temperature range of 800 ° C to 1000 ° C there is a new phase, cristobalite. As for the temperature of 1100 °C appears a tridymite phase. Furthermore, the higher the given temperature causes of the crystal size of the crystal be small. In addition to phase and crystal size, there is also a change of lattice parameters.
Subthreshold circuits: Design, implementation and application (2008)

Digital circuits operating in the subthreshold region of the transistor are being used as an ideal option for ultra low power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) design. The use of subthreshold circuit design in cryptographic systems is gaining importance as a counter measure to power analysis attacks. A power analysis attack is a non-invasive side channel attack in which the power consumption of the cryptographic system can be analyzed to retrieve the encrypted data. A number of techniques to increase the resistance to power attacks have been proposed at algorithmic and hardware levels, but these techniques suffer from large area and power overheads. The main aim of this research is to understand the viability of implementing subthreshold systems for cryptographic applications. Standard cell libraries in subthreshold are designed and a methodology to identify the minimum energy point, aspect ratio, frequency range and operating voltage for CMOS standard cells is defined. As scalar multiplication is the fundamental operation in elliptic curve cryptographic systems, a digit-level gaussian normal basis (GNB) multiplier is implemented using the aforementioned standard cells. A similar standard-cell library is designed for the multiplier to operate in the superthreshold regime. The subthreshold and superthreshold multipliers are then subjected to a differential power analysis attack. Power performance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of both these systems are compared to evaluate the usefulness of the subthreshold design. The power consumption of the subthreshold multiplier is 4.554 uW, the speed of the multiplier is 65.1 KHz and the SNR is 40 dB. The superthreshold multiplier has a power consumption of 4.005 mW, the speed of the multiplier is 330 MHz and the SNR is 200 dB. Reduced power consumption, hence reduced SNR, increases the resistance of the subthreshold multiplier against power analysis attacks. (Refer to PDF for exact formulas).
Improved single- and multi-contact life-time testing of dental restorative materials using key characteristics of the human masticatory system and a force/position-controlled robotic dental wear simulator (2011)

This paper presents a new in vitro wear simulator based on spatial parallel kinematics and a biologically inspired implicit force/position hybrid controller to replicate chewing movements and dental wear formations on dental components, such as crowns, bridges or a full set of teeth. The human mandible, guided by passive structures such as posterior teeth and the two temporomandibular joints, moves with up to 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) in Cartesian space. The currently available wear simulators lack the ability to perform these chewing movements. In many cases, their lack of sufficient DOF enables them only to replicate the sliding motion of a single occlusal contact point by neglecting rotational movements and the motion along one Cartesian axis. The motion and forces of more than one occlusal contact points cannot accurately be replicated by these instruments. Furthermore, the majority of wear simulators are unable to control simultaneously the main wear-affecting parameters, considering abrasive mechanical wear, which are the occlusal sliding motion and bite forces in the constraint contact phase of the human chewing cycle. It has been shown that such discrepancies between the true in vivo and the simulated in vitro condition influence the outcome and the quality of wear studies. This can be improved by implementing biological features of the human masticatory system such as tooth compliance realized through the passive action of the periodontal ligament and active bite force control realized though the central nervous system using feedback from periodontal preceptors. The simulator described in this paper can be used for single- and multi-occlusal contact testing due to its kinematics and ability to exactly replicate human translational and rotational mandibular movements with up to 6 DOF without neglecting movements along or around the three Cartesian axes. Recorded human mandibular motion and occlusal force data are the reference inputs of the simulator. Experimental studies of wear using this simulator demonstrate that integrating the biological feature of combined force/position hybrid control in dental material testing improves the linearity and reduces the variability of results. In addition, it has been shown that present biaxially operated dental wear simulators are likely to provide misleading results in comparative in vitro/in vivo one-contact studies due to neglecting the occlusal sliding motion in one plane which could introduce an error of up to 49% since occlusal sliding motion D and volumetric wear loss Vloss are proportional. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Evidence for an Inhibitor of Extrathyroidal Conversion of Thyroxine to 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine in Sera of Patients with Nonthyroidal Illnesses* (1985)

To determine whether an inhibitor of extrathy-roidal conversion(IEC) of T4to T3 ispresent in sera of patients with nonthyroidal illness (NTI), we incubated ratliver homogenate (∼4mg protein) with T4 (2.5 μM) and dithiothreitol (5 DIM) in the presence of evaporated diethyl ether extracts of (normal or NTI sera. The T3 producedwas quantified by RIA. Extracts of NTI sera caused dose-dependent inhibition in the (conversion ofT4 to T3. T3 produced in the presence of 20 NTI sera (1.0 mleqaliquots) was 76 ± 5.5% (mean ± SE; range, 18–116) that of normal sera (100 ± 4.1% n = 10; P ¼ 0.01); it was more than 2 SD below the normal mean ineight patients. Inhibition of T3 production by NTI sera was correlated highlysignificantly with the activity of a thyroid hormone-binding inhibitor (THBI) also present in ether extracts of these sera (r = 0.82; n = 20; P ¼ 0.001). Since THBI may be a lipid, we studied the effect of lipids on hepatic (conversion of T4 to T3. Several fatty acids were potent inhibitors of the conversion in vitro. Doses (in micromoles) causing50%inhibition in different experiments varied between 0.2–0.52 for arachidonic acid,0.3–0.56 for linolenic acid, 0.38–0.40 for linoleic acid, and 0.8–0.9 for oleic acid.Other lipids had less or no inhibitory activity. The inhibition of hepatic T4 5'-monodeiodination by arachidonic acid was competitive in nature (Ki, ∼0.11 mM). Pretreatment of ratliver with phospholipase A2 for 10–60 min led to a progressive reduction in the conversion of T4 toT3 Moreover, the evaporated ether extract{(of phospholipase A2-treated rat liver homogenate reduced T4 toT3conversion by untreated rat liver homogenate. There was a significant correlation between serum concentrations of free fatty acids andIEC activity in NTI sera (r = 0.74; n = 10; P ¼¼ 0.02). The various data suggest that 1) many NTI sera contain a potent IEC; 2) somefatty acids are potent IECs; 3) like THBI, IEC may be a lipid moiety; and 4) activation of tissue phospholipases may contribute importantly to reduced extrathyroidal T3 production in NTI,presumably by releasing inhibitory fatty acids that act locally first and more generally after their release into the circulation.
High-gain 1310 nm semiconductor optical amplifier modules with a built-in amplified signal monitor for optical gain control (1997)

A compact high-gain 1310-nm semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) module incorporating two photodiodes to detect radiation emitted from the two opposite facets of the amplifier chip is reported. By subtracting their signals, a measure of the amplified signal is obtained without the need for optical filtering, Using this, amplified signals can be stabilized within 0.5 dB over a 25-dB range of input signals.
Envelope-Induced Cell Transformation by Ovine Betaretroviruses (2002)

Ovine betaretroviruses include Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV). JSRV and ENTV represent a unique class of oncogenic retroviruses that induce tumors of the respiratory tract. JSRV and ENTV are highly related but induce different diseases. Expression of the JSRV envelope (Env) induces transformation of rodent fibroblasts in vitro and phosphorylation of Akt, a central player in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt signal transduction pathway. However, little information is available on the molecular biology of ENTV. In this study, we initially assessed whether the ENTV Env has the same properties as the homologous JSRV protein. We performed entry and interference assays using retroviral vectors pseudotyped with either the JSRV or the ENTV Env and sheep choroid plexus cells, choroid plexus cells stably expressing the JSRV Env protein, human 293T cells, mouse NIH 3T3 cells, or NIH 3T3 cells expressing human hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2), the cellular receptor for JSRV. The results obtained indicated that ENTV and JSRV share the same receptor in sheep cells and that they can use human HYAL2 as a cellular receptor in mouse cells. The ENTV Env induces transformation of rodent fibroblasts in vitro. As with the JSRV Env, the tyrosine at position 590 is critical for ENTV Env-induced cell transformation, and Akt is phosphorylated in ENTV Env-transformed cells but not in the parental cell lines. Thus, ovine betaretroviruses share a common mechanism of cell transformation. We further investigated the relevance of Akt activation in cells transformed by ovine betaretroviruses. A PI-3K inhibitor blocked Akt phosphorylation in JSRV Env-transformed cells, suggesting a possible involvement of PI-3K in JSRV and ENTV Env-induced cell transformation. In addition, phosphorylated Akt was detected in a cell line derived from a lung tumor of a sheep with naturally occurring ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
An internetwork message structure (1979)

The focus of this paper is the provision of computer-aided message services between users of computers in a multinetwork environment. An assembly of interconnected networks is called an internetwork. The task at hand is to provide an internetwork computer message service.
Calculating molecular electric and magnetic properties from time-dependent density functional response theory (2002)

Simple working equations are presented which allow for the treatment of time-dependent first-order electric and magnetic properties based on the linear response of the Kohn–Sham density matrix. They are generally applicable to existing nonrelativistic molecular density functional code implementations. This extends the formulas for frequency-dependent polarizabilities previously reported by other authors to include the cases of frequency-dependent optical rotation parameters and magnetic susceptibilities. An expression for the magnetic transition dipole moment is extracted from the results. Existing codes for excitation energies and polarizabilities can be easily extended to compute the optical rotation parameter and rotatory strengths. We further discuss possible extensions towards time-dependent current-density response.