gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical electrophysiology : electrotherapy and electrophysiologic testing (1995)

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts in Electricity and Contemporary Terminology in Eletrotherapy Chapter 2 Instrumentation for Electrotherapy Chapter 3 Physiology of Muscle and Nerve Chapter 4 The Neurobiology of Pain and Foundations for Electrical Stimulation for Pain Control Chapter 5 Electrical Stimulation for Pain Modulation Chapter 6 Electrical Stimulation of Muscle:Techniques and Applications Chapter 7 Electrical Stimulation for Control of Movement and Posture Chapter 8 Electrical Stimulation to Augment Healing of Chronic Wounds Chapter 9 Electrical Stimulation and Biofeedback for Genitourinary Dysfunction Chapter 10 Electrical Stimulation for the Delivery of Medication: Iontophoresis Chapter 11 Electromyographic Biofeedback for Improvement of Voluntary Motor Control Chapter 12 Clinical Electrophysiologic Examination and Evaluation: Principles, Procedures, and Interpretation of Findings Appendix A: Neuroanatomy of Upper and Lower Extremities Appendix B: Answers to Self Study Questions Index
A simulation study of the ω-k SAR algorithm for the highly squinted case with application to runway imaging (2002)

The wavenumber-domain SAR algorithm is studied for the case of a high squint angle with particular application to runway imaging from an approaching aircraft. The feasibility of using the algorithm for this application is shown by point target simulations which indicate that aberrations due to the high squint angle can be eliminated with finer interpolation in the processing.
Rapid Screen for Bacteria Degrading Water-Insoluble, Solid Hydrocarbons on Agar Plates (1982)

A rapid procedure was devised for detecting on solid media bacteria able to degrade water-insoluble, solid hydrocarbons such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons phenanthrene, anthracene, and biphenyl. After Alcaligenes faecalis AFK2 was inoculated on a plate containing mineral salts agar, an ethereal solution of phenanthrene (about 10%, wt/vol) was sprayed on the surface of the plate, and the plate was incubated at 30 degrees C for 2 to 3 days. Colonies showing degradation were surrounded with clear zones on the opaque plate. A similar clear zone also was formed around colonies which had been grown on a succinate-mineral salts agar or nutrient agar, followed by spraying of the ethereal solution of phenanthrene and further incubating for 1 day. Other phenanthrene-assimilating bacteria, including Beijerinckia Bwt and Pseudomonas SPM64, also formed clear zones on phenanthrene-covered agar plates. This method was applicable to detection of bacteria able to assimilate anthracene, naphthalene, and biphenyl.
Impact of intravenous immunoglobulin on the dopaminergic system and immune response in the acute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (2012)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood-derived product, used for the treatment of immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Since a range of immunotherapies have recently been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD), we investigated the effects of an IVIg treatment in a neurotoxin-induced animal model of PD. Mice received four injections of MPTP (15 mg/kg) at 2-hour intervals followed by a 14-day IVIg treatment, which induced key immune-related changes such as increased regulatory T-cell population and decreased CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio. The MPTP treatment induced significant 80% and 84% decreases of striatal dopamine concentrations (P < 0.01), as well as 33% and 40% reductions in the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons (P < 0.001) in controls and IVIg-treated mice, respectively. Two-way analyses of variance further revealed lower striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels, striatal homovanillic acid concentrations and nigral dopaminergic neurons (P < 0.05) in IVIg-treated animals. Collectively, our results fail to support a neurorestorative effect of IVIg on the nigrostriatal system in the MPTP-treated mice and even suggest a trend toward a detrimental effect of IVIg on the dopaminergic system. These preclinical data underscore the need to proceed with caution before initiating clinical trials of IVIg in PD patients.
Options, Futures, and Other Derivative Securities. (1990)

1. Introduction. 2. Futures Markets. 3. Forward and Futures Prices. 4. Interest Rate Futures. 5. Swaps. 6. Options Markets. 7. Properties of Stock Option Prices. 8. Trading Strategies Involving Options. 9. A Model of the Behavior of Stock Prices. 10. The Black-Scholes Analysis. 11. Options on Stock Indices, Currencies and Futures Contracts. 12. A General Approach to Pricing Derivative Securities. 13. Hedging Positions in Options and Other Derivative Securities. 14. Numerical Procedures. 15. Interest Rate Derivative Securities. 16. Alternatives to Black-Scholes for Option Pricing. 17. Credit Risk. 18. Exotic Options. 19. Review of Key Concepts.
Regulated and Constitutive Activity by CDC25 <sup>Mm</sup> (GRF), a Ras-Specific Exchange Factor (1993)

Serum stimulates cells to increase their proportion of Ras protein in the active GTP-bound state. We have recently identified four types (I to IV) of apparently full-length cDNAs from a single mammalian gene, called CDC25Mm or GRF, which is homologous to the Ras-specific exchange factor CDC25 of S. cerevisiae. The largest cDNA (type IV) is brain specific, with the other three classes, although they have distinct 5' ends, essentially representing progressive N-terminal deletions of this cDNA. When placed in a retroviral expression vector, all four types of cDNAs induced morphologic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells and an increase in the basal level of GTP.Ras. Serum stimulation of these transformants lead to a further increase in GTP.Ras only in cells expressing the type IV cDNA. Each type of GRF protein was found in cytosolic and membrane fractions, and the protein in each fraction could stimulate guanine nucleotide release from GDP.Ras in vitro. When NIH 3T3 cells and cells expressing the type IV protein were transfected with two versions of a mutant ras gene, one encoding membrane-associated Ras protein and the other encoding a cytosolic Ras protein, the basal levels of GTP bound to both forms of the mutant Ras protein were significantly higher in the cells expressing the type IV protein. However, serum increased the level of GTP bound to the membrane-associated mutant Ras protein in NIH 3T3 cells and in cells expressing the type IV protein but not in cells expressing the cytosolic version of the Ras protein. We conclude that each type of CDC25Mm induces cell transformation via the ability of its C terminus to stimulate guanine nucleotide exchange on Ras, the presence of N-terminal sequences is associated with a serum-dependent change in GTP.Ras, and the serum-dependent increase in GTP.Ras by exogenous CDC25Mm or by endogenous exchange factors probably requires membrane association of both Ras and the exchange factor.
The antioxidant effects of phospholipids on perilla oil (1991)

Antioxidant effect of phospholipids on the oxidation of refined perilla oil (PO; α ‐18:3, 54.5%; 16:0, 7.2%; 18:0, 2.6%; 18:1, 18.6%; 18:2, 15.5%), tocopherol‐free (POF) and tocopherol‐enriched (POR) perilla oil were investigated by measuring weight‐gains and by the oven test at 37°C. The oxidative stability of PO was especially increased by additions of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), but phosphatidylcholine (PC) scarcely showed an antioxidant effect. The oxidative stability of POF was markedly low, and none of the phospholipids (PC, PE, PS) showed an antioxidant effect on the oxidation of POF. The stability of POR was lower than that of PO regardless of its higher tocopherol contents. However, the oxidation of POR was significantly suppressed by additions of PE and PS, as was observed with PO. PC showed a small antioxidant effect on the oxidation of POR. Therefore, it seems that the antioxidant effects of phospholipids, especially of PE and PS, was due to the presence of tocopherols in the perilla oil.
Frequency diversity in breast ultrasound tomography (2008)

The development of ultrasound tomography for the detection of breast cancer could have a major impact on the effectiveness of current diagnostic tools. Here, the potential of ultrasound tomography is investigated by means of a new generation of toroidal ultrasound arrays that can measure both the signals reflected and transmitted through human breast, simultaneously. Experiments performed on phantoms and human breast in vivo are used to compare continuous wave (CW) insonification versus wideband (WB) excitation. It is shown that while transmission diffraction tomography has little benefit from WB excitation, reflection tomography is greatly improved due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of reflection measurements.
G Proteins in Medicine (1995)

The award of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell for the discovery of G (guanine nucleotide–binding) proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction has focused attention on the manifold functions of these ubiquitous molecules and on the ways in which they can become disordered in human diseases. These molecules couple a dizzying array of receptors at the cell surface (including those for neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, hormones, odorants, and photons of light) with a variety of intracellular effectors exposed at the inner surface of the plasma membrane (including enzymes such . . .
Modeling and Control of a Rotary Crane (1985)

In this paper we first derive a dynamical model for the control of a rotary crane, which makes three kinds of motion (rotation, load hoisting, and boom hoisting) simultaneously. The goal is to transfer a load to a desired place in such a way that at the end of transfer the swing of the load decays as quickly as possible. We first apply an open-loop control input to the system such that the state of the system can be transferred to a neighborhood of the equilibrium state. Then we apply a feedback control signal so that the state of the system approaches the equilibrium state as quickly as possible. The results of computer simulation prove that the open-loop plus feedback control scheme works well.
Scalable Multitask Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Policy search reinforcement learning (RL) allows agents to learn autonomously with limited feedback. However, such methods typically require extensive experience for successful behavior due to their tabula rasa nature. Multitask RL is an approach, which aims to reduce data requirements by allowing knowledge transfer between tasks. Although successful, current multitask learning methods suffer from scalability issues when considering large number of tasks. The main reasons behind this limitation is the reliance on centralized solutions. This paper proposes to a novel distributed multitask RL framework, improving the scalability across many different types of tasks. Our framework maps multitask RL to an instance of general consensus and develops an efficient decentralized solver. We justify the correctness of the algorithm both theoretically and empirically: we first proof an improvement of convergence speed to an order of O(1/k) with k being the number of iterations, and then show our algorithm surpassing others on multiple dynamical system benchmarks.
Effects of acetazolamide on insulin release, serum glucose and insulin, glucose tolerance, and alloxan sensitivity of mice. (1980)

Isolated pancreatic islets exposed to 100 mM acetazolamide (AZM) and low glucose concentration exhibited increased insulin release, whereas those subjected to AZM and high glucose concentration exhibited decreased secretion of insulin. A slight transient hyperglycaemia was found 24 h after administration of 1.5 g/kg b.wt. of AZM to fed mice, whereas no such response was seen in starved mice. The serum insulin concentration was increased in the 24 h after AZM injection. Pretreatment with AZM caused decreased glucose tolerance and protection against alloxan toxicity. Inhibited carbonic anhydrase activity and ionic alterations might have played a role in the development of these effects of AZM in mice.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Transistor Response of Semiconducting Silole Polymers with Substantial Hole Mobility and Air Stability. Experiment and Theory (2008)

Realizing p-channel semiconducting polymers with good hole mobility, solution processibility, and air stability is an important step forward in the chemical manipulation of charge transport in polymeric solids and in the development of low-cost printed electronics. We report here the synthesis and full characterization of the dithienosilole- and dibenzosilole-based homopolymers, poly(4,4-di-n-hexyldithienosilole) (TS6) and poly(9,9-di-n-octyldibenzosilole) (BS8), and their mono- and bithiophene copolymers, poly(4,4-di-n-hexyldithienosilole-alt-(bi)thiophene) (TS6T1, TS6T2) and poly(9,9-di-n-octyldibenzosilole-alt-(bi)thiophene) (BS8T1, BS8T2), and examine in detail the consequences of introducing dithienosilole and dibenzosilole cores into a thiophene polymer backbone. We demonstrate air-stable thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated under ambient conditions having hole mobilities as large as 0.08 cm(2)/V x s, low turn-on voltages, and current on/off ratios > 10(6). Additionally, unencapsulated TFTs fabricated under ambient conditions are air-stable, an important advance over regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based devices. Density functional theory calculations provide detailed insight into the polymer physicochemical and charge transport characteristics. A direct correlation between the hole injection barrier and both TFT turn-on voltage and TFT polymer hole mobility is identified and discussed, in combination with thin-film morphological characteristics, to explain the observed OTFT performance trends.
Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma in a man with HIV: report with next-generation sequencing analysis and review of the atypical fibroxanthoma/pleomorphic dermal sarcoma spectrum (2019)

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare cutaneous fibrohistiocytic tumor that typically arises on chronically sun-damaged skin, such as the head and neck, as a nondescript ulcerated papule, nodule, or tumor. The clinical prognosis is usually favorable and metastasis is rare. Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), or undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, is a recently introduced diagnostic moniker for AFX-like tumors with more aggressive clinical and histologic features such as necrosis and vascular invasion. The exact relationship between AFX and PDS has been debated. Diagnosis of these tumors is generally based on immunohistochemical staining to exclude other mimics. A wholly specific marker for this tumor does not exist, leading to diagnostic ambiguity in certain cases. Herein, we present a case of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma in a 53-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus that displayed patchy S100 staining concerning for melanoma upon hospital pathology review. Next-generation sequencing analysis confirmed a mutation pattern consistent with published molecular signatures of AFX/PDS. In discussing this case, we review the current understanding of AFX/PDS and discuss diagnostic pitfalls, as well as emphasize on how next-generation sequencing techniques might improve accuracy in the diagnosis of tumors in the spectrum of AFX/PDS.
Palladium- (and nickel-) catalyzed vinylation of aryl halides (2008)

Functionalized styrenes are extremely useful building blocks for organic synthesis and for functional polymers. One of the most general syntheses of styrenes involves the combination of an aryl halide with a vinyl organometallic reagent under catalysis by palladium or nickel complexes. This Feature Article provides the first comprehensive summary of the vinylation methods currently available along with a critical comparison of the efficiency, cost and scope of the methods.
Cross-reactions between Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) and twenty-eight other bacterial species, including other members of the family Legionellaceae (1983)

Cross-reactions between Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 28 other bacterial species were studied by various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. A sonicated L. pneumophila antigen and purified homologous rabbit antibody were used as a reference system. Few antigens (0 to 6) cross-reacted with non-Legionellaceae, but two were found in nearly all gram-negative bacteria tested (antigens no. 1 and 66). Antigen no. 66 of the L. pneumophila reference system was shown to be antigenically similar to the "common antigen" of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reported in many gram-negative bacteria. Greater than 85% of the antigens from L. pneumophila serogroup 1 cross-reacted with the other six serogroups of L. pneumophila. By contrast, Fluoribacter (Legionella) bozemanae, F. (L.) dumoffii, F. (L.) gormanii, and Tatlockia (Legionella) micdadei cross-reacted with only 45, 53, 39, and 43% of the reference system antigens, respectively. The antigenic relatedness of members of the Legionellaceae, expressed as a matching coefficient, is discussed in terms of its taxonomic significance. Serogroup-, genus-, and family-specific antigens are identified in the L. pneumophila reference system.
Vacuum-ultraviolet light emission from xenon directly excited by ballistic output electrons of nanocrystalline silicon planar cathode (2009)

The effect of electron incidence into xenon gas molecules has been investigated by using a nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) planar ballistic emitter. Vacuum-ultraviolet light emission is observed without discharging when the nc-Si device is driven in xenon gas. The emission spectrum of xenon at 10kPa shows peaks at 152 and 172nm which originate from Xe2* radiation. These results strongly suggest that energetic electrons directly excite xenon molecules followed by radiative relaxations. The observed effect is potentially applicable to mercury-free, efficient, and stable flat panel light sources.
Automated Interpretation For Lwd Propagation Resistivity Tools Through Integrated Model Selection (2004)

Petrophysicists often have difficulty interpreting logs from today's multispacing, multifrequency logging-while-drilling (LWD) propagation resistivity tools. Which of the many resistivity curves represents the true formation resistivity? The logs may be affected to varying degrees by Borehole effect, tool eccentering, shoulder-bed effects, fractures, invasion, anisotropy and/or dielectric effects. These effects may occur individually, or multiple effects may be present in the same zone. Identifying these effects and correcting for them is challenging, especially when conclusions are needed quickly. Much of the information required to answer these questions is contained in the array measurements themselves. This paper presents a general automated scheme that can help analysts to identify environmental effects and to select the appropriate environmentally corrected formation resistivity. It answers the key question of how to select the correct model amongst many candidates, based primarily on inversion of the tool response and possibly other additional information. The key idea is to invert different formation models that may apply and select the one most consistent with the measurements of the tool and with auxiliary data from user inputs and/or other logs. When a dominant effect is identified, the correction is applied automatically, the relevant environmentally corrected data are generated, and confidence of interpretation is assigned. When none of the models result in an adequate fit, the data are flagged to indicate that an automatic interpretation could not be made because of more complicated or compounded environmental effects. In addition, petrophysicists can accept or reject certain models and impose petrophysical constraints to improve the interpretation. The program based on this approach has been used to process field logs with diverse formation characteristics, and it has been evaluated by experienced petrophysicists. The program includes borehole, invasion, dielectric, and anisotropy models in its model-base. Results show that the algorithm successfully identifies most environmental effects and highlights zones that need further analysis because of complex or compounded effects. The benefits of such an integrated-interpretation-through-model-selection approach will be demonstrated through four field log examples. Availability of these results at the wellsite is expected to improve both the timeliness and the quality of decisions made based on resistivity data.
ARMOR ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURE (1992)

The Probability and Statistics Branch of the U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory was asked to develop a procedure of acceptance testing for armor packages. Because the available sample sizes were extremely small, standard acceptance plans were inapp..
Significant correlations between atmospheric spectra according to Baumer and the in vitro incorporation of [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine into the nuclear DNA of C6‐glioma cells (1991)

Significant correlations between certain spectra of atmospherics (spherics) according to Baumer (a.t.B), i.e. naturally occurring electro-magnetic impulses in the range of 4-50 kHz, and several diseases or biological parameters have been published earlier. Now we show that there exists a highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.61, P greater than 0.004) between the occurrence of 28 kHz impulses (a.t.B.) and the in vitro incorporation of thymidine into the nuclear DNA of C6-glioma cells. The positive correlation with the 10 kHz impulses (a.t.B) (r = 0.39), however, is statistically not significant (P greater than 0.055).
Two-dimensional Molecular Patterning through Molecular Recognition (1996)

Abstract Molecular images for the mixed monolayers composed of guanidinium (G) and orotate (O) amphiphiles on pure water and on aqueous flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) solution were taken with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM image of G/O mixed monolayer on FAD showed a periodic pattern composed of two kinds of peaks with different heights, whereas that on pure water showed a periodic peak. The molecular pattern is apparently induced by rearrangement of monolayer components based on specific recognition by FAD template molecule.
Effects of prolonged oral supplementation with <scp>l</scp>‐arginine on blood pressure and nitric oxide synthesis in preeclampsia (2005)

We conclude that in women with preeclampsia, prolonged dietary supplementation with l-arginine significantly decreased blood pressure through increased endothelial synthesis and/or bioavailability of NO. It is tempting to speculate that the supplementary treatment with l-arginine may represent a new, safe and efficient strategy to improve the function of the endothelium in preeclampsia.