gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Action of Halogens on α,β-Unsaturated Ureides (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Halogens on α,β-Unsaturated UreidesChester J. Cavallito and Clayton S. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 4, 995–998Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01849a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01849a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanomechanical Heterogeneity in the Gap and Overlap Regions of Type I Collagen Fibrils with Implications for Bone Heterogeneity (2009)

The microstructure of type I collagen, consisting of alternating gap and overlap regions with a characteristic D period of approximately 67 nm, enables multifunctionalities of collagen fibrils in different tissues. Implementing near-surface dynamic and static nanoindentation techniques with atomic force microscope, we reveal mechanical heterogeneity along the axial direction of a single isolated collagen fibril from tendon and show that, within the D period, the gap and overlap regions have significantly different elastic and energy dissipation properties, correlating the significantly different molecular structures in these two regions. We further show that such subfibrillar heterogeneity holds in collagen fibrils inside bone and might be intrinsically related to the excellent energy dissipation performance of bone.
Characterization and antimicrobial activity of natural isolate Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGSM1-19 (2007)

The strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGSM1-19, isolated from traditionally homemade white cheese, produces two bacteriocins: lactococcin B-like bacteriocin named bacteriocin BacSMa and bacteriocin BacSMb which have shown similarity with lacticin RM. Plasmid curing resulted in a low yield (0.33%) of BacSMa- BacSMas and BacSMa- BacSMas, BacSMb-, BacSMbs derivatives. The bacteriocin biosynthesis was observed in the logarithmic phase of growth and the production plateau was reached after 8 h of incubation at 30oC, when the culture entered the early stationary phase. Biochemical characterization showed that strain BGSM1-19 retained antimicrobial activity within the pH range of 1 to 12 or after treatment at 100oC for 15 min. However, bacteriocin activity was completely lost after treatment with different proteolytic enzymes. The strain BGSM1-19 contains five plasmids. Plasmid curing indicated that genes coding for bacteriocins synthesis and immunity seem to be located on plasmids. BGSM1-19 exhibited antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella paratyphi, Micrococcus flavus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Perifusion culture system for bovine embryos: improvement of embryo development by use of bovine oviduct epithelial cells, an antioxidant and polyvinyl alcohol (1997)

Three experiments were conducted in an attempt to improve a continuous flow-perifusion system capable of maintaining embryo development for long periods of time. Bovine embryos (8-16 cells) obtained from static co-culture with cumulus cells in a serum-free medium were perifused in an ACUSYST-S cell culture incubator. Culture chambers of the incubator consisted of a 0.2-mL unit (Chamber 1) connected to a 1.5-mL unit (Chamber 2), with the outflow from Chamber 1 routed to the inlet to Chamber 2. A bovine embryo culture medium supplemented with 3 mg mL-1 bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 25 mM HEPES was used as a perifusion culture medium (PCM). Embryos were perifused in Chamber 2 for 24, 48 and 72 h and further co-cultured in a static system up to 216 h after insemination. In Experiment 1, conditioning PCM with frozen-thawed bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) placed in Chamber 1 enhanced (P < 0.05) blastocyst formation of embryos in Chamber 2, after 24, 48 and 72 h of perifusion culture. The proportion of blastocysts was not further increased by placing BOEC in Chamber 2 along with the embryos. In Experiment 2, embryos were perifused with PCM conditioned with BOEC in Chamber 1 for 48 h or 72 h. A higher proportion of perifused embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after addition of 25 U mL-1 or 50 U mL-1 of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to PCM than in its absence. However, blastocyst formation of embryos perifused for 72 h was not increased after addition of 50 U mL-1 SOD compared with its absence. In Experiment 3, the proportions of morulae and blastocysts were not decreased by replacement of 3 mg mL-1 BSA with 1 mg mL-1 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a BOEC-conditioned medium containing 50 U mL-1 SOD after perifusion for 48 h. In conclusion, PCM conditioning with BOEC and addition of an antioxidant to the perifusion medium improved the developmental capacity of perifused embryos. PVA is an adequate replacement for BSA in the perifusion medium.
Enzymatic activities of the human AGPAT isoform 3 and isoform 5: localization of AGPAT5 to mitochondria (2010)

The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA). In this study, we show enzymatic properties, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of human AGPAT3 and AGPAT5. In cells overexpressing these isoforms, the proteins were detected in the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum. AGPAT5-GFP fusion protein was localized in the mitochondria of both Chinese hamster ovary and human epithelial cervical cancer cells. Using lysates of AD293 cells infected with AGPAT3 and AGPAT5 recombinant adenovirus, we show that AGPAT3 and AGPAT5 proteins have AGPAT activity. Both the isoforms have similar apparent V(max) of 6.35 and 2.42 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for similar LPA. The difference between the two isoforms is in their use of additional lysophospholipids. AGPAT3 shows significant esterification of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) in the presence of C20:4 fatty acid, whereas AGPAT5 demonstrates significant acyltransferase activity toward lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in the presence of C18:1 fatty acid. The AGPAT3 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues with several-fold differences in the expression pattern compared with the closely related AGPAT4. In summary, we show that in the presence of different fatty acids, AGPAT3 and AGPAT5 prefer different lysophospholipids as acyl acceptors. More importantly, localization of overexpressed AGPAT5 (this study) as well as GPAT1 and 2 (previous studies) in mitochondria supports the idea that the mitochondria might be capable of synthesizing some of their own glycerophospholipids.
Muramyl dipeptide and carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats: involvement of plasma membrane and calcium homeostasis in protective effect. (1986)

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of single and multiple doses of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, and hence some of the mechanisms involved. MDP (8.26 mumol/kg i.v.) was administered to rats according to different protocols followed by a single dose of CCl4 (5.2 mmol/kg i.p.), and either the hepatocytes were subsequently isolated and tested for viability and lipid peroxides formation or the level of serum aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) was measured. The results clearly indicate that MDP pretreatment in a single dose reduced CCl4 hepatotoxicity as judged from viability tests as well as reduction of elevated lipid peroxides induced by CCl4 administration. The level of lactate dehydrogenase was also brought to normal value by single MDP administration. MDP also decreased significantly the CCl4-elevated Ca2+ content of isolated hepatocytes and postmicrosomal supernatant Ca2+. 14C-palmitic acid incorporation was increased significantly for neutral lipids and/or phospholipids in hepatocytes and certain subcellular fractions under MDP treatment in vivo. A different effect was seen after multiple MDP administration which further increased CCl4-induced elevation of aminotransferases. Even the repeated administration of MDP without CCl4 increased the level of the latter enzymes. It may be concluded that a single administration of MDP can protect liver cells from CCl4 injury by a mechanism affecting the plasma membrane.
A grasp planning approach for visual servo controlled robot manipulators (2002)

Robotic visual servoing holds a great promise for providing flexible robotic systems. This paper introduces a grasp planning approach for visual servo controlled robots with a single camera mounted at the end-effector. Sensory-control, mechanical, and geometrical issues in the design of such an automatic grasp planner are discussed and the corresponding constraints are highlighted. Also some quality measures are introduced to rate the candidate grasps. The grasp planning strategy and its implementation are described. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the approach in dealing with dynamic situations, e.g. grasping a moving object.
Review: pathogenesis of gallstones (2000)

The aim of this article is to review selected aspects of the pathogenesis of cholesterol-rich, gall-bladder stones (GBS)--with emphasis on recent developments in biliary cholesterol saturation, cholesterol microcrystal nucleation, statis within the gall-bladder and, particularly, on the roles of intestinal transit and altered deoxycholic acid (DCA) metabolism, in GBS development. In biliary cholesterol secretion, transport and saturation, recent developments include evidence in humans and animals, that bile lipid secretion is under genetic control. Thus in mice the md-2 gene, and in humans the MDR-3 gene, encodes for a canalicular protein that acts as a 'flippase' transporting phospholipids from the inner to the outer hemi-leaflet of the canalicular membrane. In the absence of this gene, there is virtually no phospholipid or cholesterol secretion into bile. Furthermore, when inbred strains of mice that have 'lith genes' are fed a lithogenic diet, they become susceptible to high rates of GBS formation. The precipitation/nucleation of cholesterol microcrystals from supersaturated bile remains a critical step in gallstone formation. methods of studying this phenomenon have now been refined from the original 'nucleation time' to measurement of cholesterol appearance/detection times, and crystal growth assays. Furthermore, the results of recent studies indicate that, in addition to classical Rhomboid-shape monohydrate crystals, cholesterol can also crystallize, transiently, as needle-, spiral- and tubule-shaped crystals of anhydrous cholesterol. A lengthy list of promoters, and a shorter list of inhibitors, has now been defined. There are many situations where GB stasis in humans is associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation--including iatrogenic stone formation in acromegalic patients treated chronically with octreotide (OT). As well as GB stasis, however, OT-treated patients all have 'bad' bile which is supersaturated with cholesterol, has excess cholesterol in vesicles, rapid microcrystal mulceation times and a two-fold increase in the percentage DCA in bile. This increase in the proportion of DCA seems to be due to OT-induced prolongation of large bowel transit time (LBTT). Thus LBTT is linearly related to (i) the percentage of DCA in serum; (ii) the DCA pool size; and (III) the DCA input or 'synthesis' rate. Furthermore, the intestinal prokinetic, cisapride, counters the adverse effects of OT on intestinal transit, and 'normalizes' the percentage of DCA in serum/bile. Patients with spontaneous gallstone disease also have prolonged LBTTs, more colonic gram-positive anaerobes, increased bile acid metabolizing enzymes and higher intracolonic pH values, than stone-free controls. Together, these changes lead to increased DCA formation, solubilization and absorption, Thus, in addition to the 'lithogenic liver' and 'guilty gall-bladder' one must now add the 'indolent intestine' to the list of culprits in cholesterol gallstone formation.
Citrate Anticoagulation for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill (2010)

During critical illness, regional anticoagulation with citrate for CRRT seems superior to heparin anticoagulation concerning tolerance and safety, mainly due to less bleeding. Whether circuit survival is better depends on the modality. In addition, citrate seems to improve patient and kidney survival. This finding needs to be confirmed. Citrate seems to confer a specific benefit in severe organ failure and sepsis. To what extent citrate protects or heparin does harm in the setting of multiple organ failure needs to be unraveled.
Flexible and scalable query access planning using an AI planner (2002)

Planning by rewriting (PBR) is a new paradigm for efficient high-quality planning that exploits plan rewriting rules and efficient local search techniques to transform an easy-to-generate, but possibly suboptimal, initial plan into a low-cost plan. In this paper, we show in detail the application of the general framework to query planning in distributed environments. As a result, we obtain an scalable and flexible query planner for use in an information mediator.
Synthesis of Ti-beta Zeolite with High Oxidation Activity by a Dry-gel Conversion Technique (1997)

Abstract A new method of synthesizing zeolite Ti-beta has been developed based on a dry-gel conversion technique. The obtained Ti-beta samples exhibited high activity for oxidation of cyclohexene with H2O2, irrespective of the presence of sodium.
On the solution of beltrami's equation by complex planar splines (1990)

Beltrami's equation is a complex differential equation of the form where μ has to be measurable and ‖μ‖, > 1 (see e.g. the books of 0. Lehto [4] and W.L. Wendland [13]). In this paper we present a method for the numerical solution of this equation without splitting it into real and imaginarv part; we make use of the concept of complex planar splines, which were introduced in Opfer and Puri [5] and further investigated in Opfer and Schoher [6], Opfer [7] and Dikshit and Ojha [2]. Furthermore we show that the resulting approximations to the solution f can be improved considerably by applying linear extrapolation procedures ("Richardson extrapolation"). Numerical examples are included.
Sonoporation Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Restores p53 Expression in Transformed Cervical Keratinocytes (2012)

High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), such as HPV16, have been found in nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Therapies targeted at blocking the HPV16 E6 protein and its deleterious effects on the tumour suppressor pathways of the cell can reverse the malignant phenotype of affected keratinocytes while sparing uninfected cells. Through a strong interdisciplinary collaboration between engineering and biology, a novel, non-invasive intracellular delivery method for the HPV16 E6 antibody, F127-6G6, was developed. The method employs high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in combination with microbubbles, in a process known as sonoporation. In this proof of principle study, it was first demonstrated that sonoporation antibody delivery into the HPV16 positive cervical carcinoma derived cell lines CaSki and SiHa was possible, using chemical transfection as a baseline for comparison. Delivery of the E6 antibody using sonoporation significantly restored p53 expression in these cells, indicating the antibody is able to enter the cells and remains active. This delivery method is targeted, non-cytotoxic, and non-invasive, making it more easily translatable for in vivo experiments than other transfection methods.
A High-Molecular Mass Derivative of Trypsin-Kallikrein Inhibitor for Potential Medical Use, II<sup>[1]</sup>. Study of Inhibitory Activity (1982)

Three derivatives of poly[alpha-N beta-(2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-asparagine, beta-N alpha-(2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-asparagine] were used as soluble carrier polymers for binding the trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor (TKI). In addition to the parent polymer an anionic derivative with 19.2 mol of carboxyl groups/100 mol of residues and a hydrophobized derivative with 18.0 mol of butyl groups/100 mol of residues were also used. All carriers contained 6.6 mol of 2-(4-aminobenzamido)ethyl residues/100 mol which were used for the binding after diazotation. All derivatives retained a high inhibitory activity toward trypsin and chymotrypsin whereas the effect on kallikrein was substantially reduced. The kinetic constants were estimated under the simplifying assumption, that classical kinetic equations for the enzyme-inhibitor interaction may be applied. The equilibrium dissociation constants (5 X 10(-9) mol/l) and association rate constants (1 X 10(5) l X mol-1 X s-1) with respect to trypsin are unaffected by the two chemical modifications of the carrier. The increase in the equilibrium dissociation constant (compared to native TKI) is probably a result of the decreasing strength of the enzyme-inhibitor complex rather than a manifestation of reduced rate of diffusion of the enzyme to the active center of the polymer-bound inhibitor.
Cariostatic Activity of Calcium Glycerophosphate in Hamsters: Topical Vs Dietary Administration (1976)

Two experiments were conducted to determine if calcium glycerophosphate administered continuously in a diet or intermittently as a single daily topical application to teeth had an anticaries potential in young hamsters that were fed a cariogenic diet. The hamsters were inoculated with a caries-conductive streptococcal strain. Within the 60-day experimental period, results of these evaluations indicated calcium glycerophosphate significantly reduces caries when fed in the diet at levels of 1% and higher, and significantly reduces caries when applied topically at levels of 2% and higher. There were no observable differences in plaque formation among treatments.
Single-Neuron Labeling in the Cat Auditory Nerve (1982)

Single auditory nerve fibers in the cat were labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase. The sample of fibers was selected to represent different response types over a wide range of characteristic frequencies. All 56 labeled neurons were found to be radial fibers innervating inner hair cells, suggesting that none of the single-unit data reported to date has been from the outer hair cell innervation. Differences in rates of spontaneous discharge and thresholds to tones among these labeled neurons were closely correlated with morphological differences in the caliber and location of their unmyelinated terminals on the body of the inner hair cell.
Interfacial tension of polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate with various compatibilizing agents (1996)

The effect of 12 different potential compatibilizing agents on the interfacial tension of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is described. A wide range of compatibilizing agents based upon ethylene and a second comonomer were devised and used. They were divided into three categories. The first category (I) includes block polymers. The second category (II) includes random copolymers. The third category (III) includes reactive copolymers that should form graft copolymers during mixing with PET. The addition of various potential compatibilizing agents to the PE/PET binary system results in lowered interfacial tension. The efficiency of the different compatibilizing agents in reducing the interfacial tension is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rubber-Vulcanizing Properties of Colloidal Carbons (1939)

Abstract 1. Experiments with rubber-sulfur mixings showed that colloidal carbons accelerated vulcanization instead, as generally stated in the literature, of retarding. The fact that this acceleration was found to be independent of the p H value of the carbon suggests that the carbon rubber reinforcement “reaction” and (physical) vulcanization may be related phenomena. 2. When colloidal carbon is used, as in tire treads, in conjunction with other accelerators, disturbances occur due to the selective adsorption properties of the carbon colloid. These disturbances, which are greatest with basic organic accelerators, less with acidic organic accelerators, and least with inorganic accelerators such as litharge, have led to the description of colloidal carbons as quick-or-slow-vulcanizing. 3. The best guide to this “rate of vulcanization” characteristic of rubber carbons is their p H value. 4. Adsorption data are given for cobalt, manganese, lead and zinc soaps, and vary widely for different colloidal carbons. This variation as to the zinc requirements was confirmed by a rubber compounding series. Thus each carbon, depending on its p H and particle size, presents an individual problem in adsorptive requirements, involving fat acid, zinc oxide and accelerator, which should be adjusted in this order. 5. For use with basic accelerators, e.g. , D.P.G., colloidal carbons of maximum surface (which involves high fat acid additions with resultant interference with the accelerator) or carbons with low p H (which requires high soluble zinc and therefore high fat acid) are not recommended. Low p H carbons tend to disturb the alkalinity essential to best results, and to adsorb the accelerator. 6. With acid accelerators, e.g. , mercaptobenzthiazole, the finer colloidal carbons of moderate to low pH may safely be used. The higher fat acid dosage (soluble zinc) which these carbons require can be freely supplied, since it does not deactivate the accelerator.
Session management of relay-based overlay multicast for managed group applications (2009)

In spite of the capability to provide efficient delivery of service, IP multicast has not been used widely because of technical limitations as well as management-related issues [1]. Overlay multicast is introduced to overcome these problems which make it difficult to deploy various services requiring group communications. The multiple end-user hosts organize multicast delivery path forming a group. Therefore, overlay multicast needs group management, a.k.a., session and membership management to provide robust and resilient group services. This paper proposes session and membership management method for overlay multicast. This paper describes the required session and membership management functions, and presents how those functions are processed. This paper will be helpful to service provider who needs to provide overlay multicast based service or for those who needs to enhance multicast-based service management.
INDUCTION BY MUTAGENS OF TANDEM GENE DUPLICATIONS IN THE <i>glyS</i> REGION OF THE <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> CHROMOSOME (1974)

Four mutagens (ultraviolet light, nitrous acid, the acridine half mustard ICR 372, and niridazole) have been found to increase the frequency of tandem gene duplications in the glyS region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. This result was obtained by quantitating the spontaneous and mutagen-induced reversion frequency of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glyS) mutant. Following mutagenesis, as many as 0.2% of the survivors were observed to contain duplications in the glyS region. In addition, several classes of stable revertants of the glyS mutant have been identified.