gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide, <scp>CN</scp>‐105, improves outcomes in ischemic stroke (2017)

CN-105 improves functional and histological outcomes in a murine model of ischemic stroke via modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Recent clinical trial of this compound has demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, suggesting that CN-105 represents an attractive candidate for clinical translation.
Common path scanning heterodyne optical profilometer for absolute phase measurement (1989)

A scanning optical profilometer is described which overcomes some of the limitations of existing interferometric profilometers. Two laser beams are incident on the sample ensuring common path operation. One beam forms a tightly focused sample probe spot and the other remains collimated, acting as a large-area, common path reference beam. Our configuration allows the relative size of the two beams to be varied both arbitrarily and independently, thus guaranteeing an accurate absolute phase measurement. Preliminary results demonstrating the operation of the system are presented.
Effect of insulin fragments on biological activity of insulin and desoctapeptide insulin. II. Enhanced binding and mechanism studies. (1981)

Derivatives of the pentapeptide Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr, which corresponds to the amino acids 22 to 26 in the COOH-terminal portion of the B-chain of insulin,
A New Intelligent Tire Pressure Monitoring System (2011)

This paper first introduces current development situation of intelligent tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), and then introduces a self-design and implementation of tire pressure monitoring system based Motorola's Intelligent Sensor MPXY8020A. The system includes pressure acquisition, launch and pressure receiver, pressure showing subsystems. After introducing the system structure of the whole system, the specific design and implementation of hardware and software are described.
Data association in stochastic mapping using the joint compatibility test (2001)

In this paper, we address the problem of robust data association for simultaneous vehicle localization and map building. We show that the classical gated nearest neighbor approach, which considers each matching between sensor observations and features independently, ignores the fact that measurement prediction errors are correlated. This leads to easily accepting incorrect matchings when clutter or vehicle errors increase. We propose a new measurement of the joint compatibility of a set of pairings that successfully rejects spurious matchings. We show experimentally that this restrictive criterion can be used to efficiently search for the best solution to data association. Unlike the nearest neighbor, this method provides a robust solution in complex situations, such as cluttered environments or when revisiting previously mapped regions.
The pyrimidine biosynthesis operon of the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus includes genes for uracil phosphoribosyltransferase and uracil permease (1994)

A 3-kb DNA segment of the Bacillus caldolyticus genome including the 5' end end of the pyr cluster has been cloned and sequenced. The sequence revealed the presence of two open reading frames, pyrR and pyrP, located immediately upstream of the previously sequenced pyrB gene encoding the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase. The pyrR and pyrP genes encoded polypeptides with calculated molecular masses of 19.9 and 45.2 kDa, respectively. Expression of these ORFs was confirmed by analysis of plasmid-encoded polypeptides in minicells. Sequence alignment and complementation analyses identified the pyrR gene product as a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase and the pyrP gene product as a membrane-bound uracil permease. By using promoter expression vectors, a 650-bp EcoRI-HincII fragment, including the 5' end of pyrR and its upstream region, was found to contain the pyr operon promoter. The transcriptional start point was located by primer extension at a position 153 bp upstream of the pyrR translation initiation codon, 7 bp 3' of a sequence resembling a sigma A-dependent Bacillus subtilis promoter. This established the following organization of the ten cistrons within the pyr operon: promoter-pyrR-pyrP-pyrB-pyrC-pyrAa-pyrA b-orf2-pyrD-pyrF-pyrE. The nucleotide sequences of the region upstream of pyrR and of the pyrR-pyrP and pyrP-pyrB intercistronic regions indicated that the transcript may form two mutually exclusive secondary structures within each of these regions. One of these structures resembled a rho-independent transcriptional terminator. The possible implication of these structures for pyrimidine regulation of the operon is discussed.
Optimization of H2 thermal annealing process for the fabrication of ultra-low loss sub-micron silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides (2018)

The superior confinement of light provided by the high refractive index contrast in Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> waveguides allows the use of sub-micron photonic waveguides. However, when downscaling waveguides to sub-micron dimensions, propagation losses become dominated by sidewall roughness scattering. In a previous study, we have shown that hydrogen annealing after waveguide patterning yielded smooth silicon sidewalls. Our optimized silicon patterning process flow allowed us to reduce the sidewall roughness down to 0.25 nm (1σ) while maintaining rectangular Strip waveguides. As a result, record low optical losses of less than 1 dB/cm were measured at telecom wavelengths for waveguides with dimensions larger than 350 nm. With Rib waveguides, losses are expected to be even lower. However, in this case the Si reflow during the H<sub>2</sub> anneal leads to the formation of a foot at the bottom of the structure and to a rounding of its top. A compromise is thus to be found between low losses and conservation of the rectangular shape of the Rib waveguide. This work proposes to investigate the impact of temperature and duration of the H<sub>2</sub> anneal on the Rib profile, sidewalls roughness and optical performances. The impact of a Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface is also studied. The introduction of H<sub>2</sub> thermal annealing allows to obtain very low losses of 0.5 dB/cm at 1310 nm wavelength for waveguide dimensions of 300-400 nm, but it comes along an increase of the pattern bottom width of 41%, with a final bottom width of 502 nm.
Surface and Frictional Properties of Two-Component Alkylsilane Monolayers and Hydroxyl-Terminated Monolayers on Silicon (2009)

To investigate the effect of chain mobility and functional group exposure on friction, the tribological properties of one-component (pure) and two-component (mixed) alkylsilane monolayers on silicon, with variance in the ratios of long- and short-chain molecules, are presented. The tribological properties of these monolayers were measured with a ball-on-flat tribometer at 9.8 mN load and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The molecular precursors investigated were n-hexyltrichlorosilane (C6), n-dodecyltrichlorosilane (C12), n-hexadecyltrichlorosilane (C16), n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18), and n-docosyltrichlorosilane (C22). Created from these molecules were the following four mixed monolayers: C6/C18, C12/C18, C16/C18, and C12/C22 in which the ratio of long- and short-chain molecules was varied in order to create different levels of mobility and average chain cant in the upper liquidlike region of the film. For the two-component monolayers, once a critical thickness is reached, the tribological properties were indistinguishable from the pure monolayers although the oleophilicity was much higher for the mixed films. Altering the terminal group of the monolayer to a hydroxyl, however, resulted in an increased coefficient of friction and significant adhesive forces between the monolayer and the stainless steel probe of the microtribometer. This tribological behavior can be explained by the low surface energies of the methyl and methylene groups and the increased adhesion that occurs with hydroxyl-terminated monolayers due to stronger interfacial interactions. Collectively, the results indicate that monolayer thickness and surface energy greatly affect the tribological properties of a monolayer but that molecular mobility within the film and interfacial oleophilicity are less important at these loads and speeds.
Rationale For Advancing Laquinimod For Progressive MS: Evidence From Large Clinical Trials In RRMS (S4.001) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To assess laquinimod’s potential to treat progressive forms of MS (PMS) based on RRMS clinical trial data. BACKGROUND: Currently there is no effective treatment for PMS (i.e., PPMS or SPMS), and all tested disease-modifying therapies currently used in RRMS have failed to show efficacy. Based on its neuroprotective preclinical profile and the clinical effect of slowing disability progression, and reducing brain volume loss and black hole evolution, the large clinical trial data set from RRMS cohorts was further analyzed for the effects of laquinimod on various aspects of the disease that may contribute to its effect on slowing of disability progression. DESIGN/METHODS: In post hoc analyses, laquinimod effect versus placebo on confirmed disability progression (CDP) was evaluated in patient subgroups based on relapse rate during the study, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) z-score quartiles. The correlation between relapse rate and EDSS worsening with laquinimod was assessed using the Sormani meta-analysis. RESULTS: In pooled ALLEGRO/BRAVO data (laquinimod n=984, placebo n=1006), compared with placebo, laquinimod reduced CDP by 38.9% (P=.036) in patients who were relapse-free throughout the studies, by 34.6% (P=.12) in patients with baseline EDSS scores 蠅4, and by 38.6% (P=.023) in the 25% quartile of MSFC z-score (denoting patients with the least favorable changes in MSFC). Per the Sormani model, the predicted reduction in 3-month CDP with laquinimod, given the observed effect on relapse rate, should be only 5% (RR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00), whereas the observed reduction in 3-month CDP using the relative risk was 29% (RR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.91; P=.007). This pronounced dissociation indicates the effect of laquinimod on disability is disproportionally large relative to its effect on relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Several analyses of laquinimod effects noted in RRMS clinical studies suggest it may benefit people with PMS. Study Supported by: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tiqva, Israel.
Relapse of Major Depression During Pregnancy in Women Who Maintain or Discontinue Antidepressant Treatment (2006)

Pregnancy is not "protective" with respect to risk of relapse of major depression. Women with histories of depression who are euthymic in the context of ongoing antidepressant therapy should be aware of the association of depressive relapse during pregnancy with antidepressant discontinuation.
Noninvasive measurement of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose using standardized input function. (1999)

The proposed method is noninvasive and accurate, and therefore is clinically acceptable for measuring CMRGlc in patients in fasting states.
Neural mechanisms generating respiratory pattern in mammalian brain stem-spinal cord in vitro. I. Spatiotemporal patterns of motor and medullary neuron activity (1990)

1. An analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of activity of neurons of the respiratory motor-pattern generation system in an in vitro neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation is presented. Impulse discharge patterns of spinal and cranial moto-neurons as well as respiratory neurons in the medulla were analyzed. Patterns of motoneuronal discharge were characterized at the population level from recordings of motor-nerve discharge and at the single-cell level from intracellular recordings. These patterns were compared to patterns generated in the neonatal rat and adult mammal in vivo to establish the correspondence between in vitro and in vivo states. 2. The in vitro system generated a complex spatiotemporal pattern of spinal and cranial motoneuron activity during inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) phases of the respiratory cycle. The respiratory cycle consisted of three distinct phases of neuronal activity (I, early E, and late E phase) similar to the temporal organization of the cycle in the intact mammal. The spike discharge pattern of motoneurons during the I phase consisted of a rapidly peaking-slowly decrementing discharge envelope with a high degree of synchronization on a time scale of 25-50 ms (approximately 20-40 Hz). A similar pattern was generated in the neonate in vivo under conditions comparable with the in vitro state (i.e., nervous system isolated from mechanosensory afferent inputs). However, the I-phase-motoneuron discharge pattern and cycle-phase durations differed from those characteristic of the intact neonatal or adult systems in vivo. This difference could be accounted for primarily by removal of vagal mechanosensory afferent inputs. 3. The synaptic drive potentials of spinal motoneurons during the I phase in vitro consisted of a rapidly peaking-slowly decrementing potential envelope similar in shape to the spike-frequency histogram of single motoneurons and the envelope of the motoneuron-population discharge. The drive potentials had prominent high-frequency amplitude fluctuations superimposed on the slower drive-potential envelope that were temporally correlated with the generation of motoneuron action potentials. The dominant frequency components of these fast-membrane-potential oscillations (20-35 Hz) were similar to the frequency components of the amplitude fluctuations in the motoneuron-population discharge. One class of medullary neurons with I-phase discharge also exhibited a rapidly peaking-slowly decrementing pattern of impulse discharge and synaptic drive potential with similar high-frequency components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Autonomic control of heart rate in the neonatal rhesus monkey. (1985)

Autonomic control of resting heart rate was assessed using atropine and propranolol in 20 neonatal (2 to 3 weeks old) male Rhesus monkeys. After release from restraint for placement of a venous catheter, the average heart rate significantly decreased from 220 +/- 7 beats/min to 181 +/- 6 beats/min within 15 minutes and remained stable for the 2 hours. Autonomic control of resting heart rate is mediated through both divisions of the autonomic nervous system with the sympathetic system having a dominant influence. This is in contrast to the adult Rhesus, where the parasympathetic nervous system controls resting heart rate.
미세전류 전침이 스트레스 관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향 (2003)

Objectives : Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation(MENS) has been used for accelerating healing wounds and relieving musculoskeletal pain, but it`s bio-engineering mechanism has been many questionable about clinical usefulness. In this study, I tried to examine the hypothesis that MENS theraphy is effective in changing the stress-related hormones. So, I investigated it`s relationship of mind-body medicine and oriental medicine. Methods : 36 healthy students in university were divied into four groups; the first was MENS treatment in meridian point (Kyun-Jung, G21) after stress management, the second was MENS treatment in non-meridian point after stress management, the third was MENS treatment in meridian point with no stress management, the fourth was MENS treatment in non-meridian point with no stress management(all group`s n=9). We applied MENS in the form of electroacupuncture and stress two groups were restricted sleeping during 1 day and babel exercise using trapezius muscle for 1 hour. Blood sampling on the antecubital vein were performed and measured the ACTH, cortisol, beta-endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine by the time. Result : ① Plasma ACTH concentrations markedly increased after stress in stress-meridian and nonmeridian groups(p<.01), and markedly decreased after MENS treatment in both groups(p<.05). ②β-endorphin was not significant, but decreased tendency after MENS treatment in stress two groups. ③Plasma cortisol markedly increased after stress (p<.01, p<.05) in stress-meridian and nonmeridian groups, and markedly decreased after MENS treatment in stress-meridian and no-stress-nonmeridian group(p<.05). ④Norepinephrine was decreased in all groups after MENS treatment(p<.01, p<.05 in stress-nonmeridian group). ⑤Epinephrine was markedly increased after stress in stress-nonmeridian group(p<.05), and significantly decreased after MENS treatment in stress-nonmeridian group(p<.05). Conclusions:MENS therapy was effective against stress with affecting HPA feedback system and inhibiting adrenocortical hormones, cathecholamins. Perhaps, it`s affective effect of hippocampus. Also, Selective effect of MENS related with mind-body connection inoriental medicine was certificated.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mononuclear and dinuclear bis(bipy)ruthenium(ii) complexes containing dimethoxyphenyl(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole ligands (2002)

The ligands HL1 and H2L2 and the complexes [Ru(bipy)2L1]PF6·2H2O 1, [(Ru(bipy)2)2L2](PF6)2·7H2O 2, {where HL1 = 3-(2′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-2″-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, H2L2 = 1,4-bis(5′-(pyridin-2″-yl)-1′H-1′,2′,4′-triazol-3′-yl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene and bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl}, have been prepared and characterised, by NMR, UV–vis and emission spectroscopies and by electrochemical measurements. X-Ray crystal structures of ligands HL1, H2L2 and of the complex 1 are also reported. The dinuclear complex (2) exhibits a weak electronic interaction between the metal centres, which is modulated by the protonation state of the 1,2,4-triazole rings. The extent of the metal–metal interaction in these systems is compared with that observed in other pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole based dinuclear compounds of differing metal–metal distances.
Advances in Aqueous Extraction Processing of Soybeans (2010)

Abstract Aqueous extraction processing technologies, having advanced in recent years, may be a viable alternative to hexane extraction to separate oil and protein from soybeans. Different extraction strategies incorporating various modes of comminution, extraction buffers, and enzymes allow production of a range of oil and protein products, but also create different processing challenges. Processes capable of achieving high free oil yields often result in a soluble protein fraction difficult to isolate and dilute oil emulsions difficult to break. Other processes can achieve high yields and purities of native soy protein, but with reduced free oil yield or require a high osmotic and ionic strength extraction buffer. This review article discusses these various advanced processes and their relative advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the current understanding of the underlying fundamental concepts of aqueous extraction is discussed in order to help direct future investigations to improve these technologies.
Multi-format transmitters for coherent optical M-PSK and M-QAM transmission (2005)

Coherent optical transmission returns into the focus of research. One significant advantage is the preservation of all the information of the optical field during detection, leading to enhanced possibilities for optical multi-level modulation. This paper investigates the generation of optical multi-level modulation signals. Several possible structures of optical M-PSK and M-QAM transmitters are shown and theoretically analyzed. Differences in the optical transmitter configuration and the electrical driving lead to different properties of the optical multi-level modulation signals. This is shown by deriving general expressions applicable to every M-PSK and M-QAM modulation format and exemplarily clarified for square-16-QAM modulation.
Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Contributes to Survival in Activated Macrophages That Are Generating an Oxidative Burst (2001)

Macrophages produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species that have potent antimicrobial activity. Resistance to killing by macrophages is critical to the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis has two genes encoding superoxide dismutase proteins, sodA and sodC. SodC is a Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase responsible for only a minor portion of the superoxide dismutase activity of M. tuberculosis. However, SodC has a lipoprotein binding motif, which suggests that it may be anchored in the membrane to protect M. tuberculosis from reactive oxygen intermediates at the bacterial surface. To examine the role of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in protecting M. tuberculosis from the toxic effects of exogenously generated reactive oxygen species, we constructed a null mutation in the sodC gene. In this report, we show that the M. tuberculosis sodC mutant is readily killed by superoxide generated externally, while the isogenic parental M. tuberculosis is unaffected under these conditions. Furthermore, the sodC mutant has enhanced susceptibility to killing by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated murine peritoneal macrophages producing oxidative burst products but is unaffected by macrophages not activated by IFN-gamma or by macrophages from respiratory burst-deficient mice. These observations establish that the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase contributes to the resistance of M. tuberculosis against oxidative burst products generated by activated macrophages.
Chronicler (2016)

Exploring source code history is an important task for software maintenance. Traditionally, source code history is navigated on the granularity of individual files. This is not fine-grained enough to support users in exploring the evolution of individual code elements. We suggest to consider the history of individual elements within the tree structure inherent to source code. A history graph created from these trees then enables new ways to explore events of interest defined by structural changes in the source code. We present Tree Flow, a visualization of these structural changes designed to enable users to choose the appropriate level of detail for the task at hand. In a user study, we show that both Chronicler and the history aware timeline, two prototype systems combining history graph navigation with a traditional source code view, outperform the more traditional history navigation on a file basis and users strongly prefer Chronicler for the exploration of source code.
Antibody recognition of peptide sequences from the cell-cell adhesion proteins: N- and E-cadherins. (1997)

Intercellular junctions present a formidable challenge for the paracellular delivery of drugs. Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules, which are responsible for the formation and regulation of these junctions. Anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody can bind to E-cadherin (uvomorulin) and inhibit cell-cell adhesion through the inhibition of cadherin-cadherin interactions. The objective of this study was to utilize this monoclonal anti-E-cadherin antibody to map the extracellular domains of E- and N-cadherin. This was accomplished by using two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), a regular indirect ELISA and an immobilized-peptide ELISA. Two peptides from each extracellular domain were recognized by this anti-E-cadherin antibody. By mapping the extracellular domains of cadherins, peptides that have discrete roles in cell-cell adhesion can be identified. This will aid in the design of synthetic peptides that can modulate intercellular junctions to improve drug delivery.