gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of antianginal agents on arteriolar diameter in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. (1984)

The effect of antianginal agents on the cutaneous arteriolar diameter in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits was investigated. The change in the potency of trapidil to dilate arterioles in cholesterol-fed rabbits was relatively minor when compared with normal rabbits. On the other hand, the potencies of other agents decreased markedly in cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared with normal rabbits. For example, in arterioles of 45-50 micron in diameter, the effective doses of tapidil and dilazep at which the agents dilated the vessel by 20% (ED20) were 1.0 and 0.07 mg/kg i.v., respectively, in normal rabbits, and 2.3 and 2.0 mg/kg i.v., respectively, in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The other agents, such as dipyridamole, diltiazem and nifedipine, virtually did not show any dilating effects on arterioles of cholesterol-fed rabbits at the doses which were effective in normal rabbits. The maximum changes in systemic blood pressure and carotid blood flow induced by the administration of trapidil, dilazep or dipyridamole did not decrease in cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared with normal rabbits. These results suggest that it is more desirable to evaluate the therapeutic potency of antianginal agents in cholesterol-fed rabbits than in normal rabbits, and that the action of antianginal agents on arterioles is not dependent on its action on systemic hemodynamics.
Plan for Safe Laser Beam Propagation from the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (2002)

JPL is building a state-of-the-art Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) to perform research and development of laser beam propagation and signal detection technologies to meet NASA’s future needs for high-bandwidth communications from Earth-orbiting and deep-space probes. Laser beam propagation between ground and space is regulated by several government agencies—regulation that is significant when propagating high-brightness, Q-switched laser beams that will be used for uplinking commands to deep-space probes and as an acquisition, pointing, and tracking beacon for downlink optical communication. To ensure safe laser operation and beam propagation from the OCTL, JPL has identified a fourtier safety system. The safety system starts with safe beam propagation within the OCTL, extends to safe beam propagation through the air and into space, and is designed to meet the requirements of State (California Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and Federal agencies (Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. Space Command’s Laser Clearinghouse).
Proteoglycans Synthesized by Canine Intervertebral Disc Cells Grown in a Type I Collagen–Glycosaminoglycan Matrix (2002)

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of proteoglycans synthesized by canine annulus fibrosus cells expanded in number in monolayer culture through passage 4 and subsequently grown in a type I collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix to be employed for tissue engineering. Newly synthesized [35S]sulfate-labeled proteoglycans were analyzed by gel chromatography, including sequential digestion with enzymes and nitrous acid. After 1 week in culture, the percentage of cell-associated, aggregated proteoglycans synthesized in type I collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices was 52% compared with 38% by the cells in monolayer. The percentage of aggregated proteoglycan in each group increased only slightly with the addition of exogenous hyaluronic acid, but remained significantly different from each other. There were at least three different hydrodynamic sizes of proteoglycans both in the collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix and in monolayer; the average size was larger in the collagen matrices and the glycosaminoglycan chains were longer. The proteoglycans contained chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. The results provide a foundation for future investigations of collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices for intervertebral disc tissue engineering.
Enhancing antibiotic activity: a strategy to control Acinetobacter infections (2009)

Susceptibility of MDR A. baumannii to a variety of antibiotics was enhanced in the presence of ellagic and tannic acids. The use of such plant compounds might provide effective treatments for resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Expendable Doppler Penetrometer: A Performance Evaluation (1977)

Abstract : An expendable penetrometer using the Doppler principle has been developed expediently test seafloor soils to a depth of 9m (30 ft) at water depths to 6,000m (20,000 ft). The velocity of the penetrometer is measured as it penetrates seafloor soils. From the velocity record, soil penetrability and an estimate of the undrained shear strength profile can be calculated. The penetrometer has a mass of 173 kg (12 slugs), is 2.9m (9.5 ft) long, is 90mm (3. 5 in.) in diameter, and is easily deployed from a ship. This report presents data from 11 tests at four locations off the southern California coast. Undrained shear strength profiles determined from penetrometer data are compared to other types of in-situ data and core data. It is concluded that the expendable Doppler penetrometer is reliable and simple to use and that reasonable estimates (+ or - 30% of actual values) of undrained shear strength profiles can be obtained even though the analyzed phenomenon is complex. This tool will be of particular value in surveying potential embedment anchor or foundation locations and can, for some cases, provide information sufficient for design purposes.
Rake Reception With Channel Estimation Error (2006)

Several digital cellular systems employ coherent RAKE reception, wherein channel estimates are used to combine despread values. In this paper, a maximum likelihood (ML) approach to RAKE combining that accounts for channel estimation error, including error correlation across despread values, is examined. Fading and noise correlation are also considered. The performance of the ML approach is compared to traditional RAKE combining as well as approximate ML-based approaches. Results show that when the channel estimation error and noise are of the same order, ML-based approaches can provide gains on the order of 1 dB over traditional RAKE reception
A Method for Preparing New Elongated-Shaped Silica Sols (1991)

Abstract An active silicic acid sol was added to a mixture of a Ca(NO3)2 aqueous solution and a NaOH aqueous solution, then the mixture was heated for several hours under stirring at 100–150°C to obtain a silica sol. The silica sol consisted of elongated-shaped colloidal particles desirable for film formation.
GM1 reduces injury-induced metabolic deficits and degeneration in the rat optic nerve. (1992)

This study demonstrates the earliest reported effects of GM1 treatment on crush-injured axons of the mammalian optic nerve. GM1, administered intraperitoneally immediately after injury, was found to reduce the injury-induced metabolic deficit in nerve activity within 2 hr of injury, as measured by changes in the nicotine-amine adenine dinucleotide redox state. After 4 wk, transmission electron microscopy 1 mm distal to the site of injury revealed a sevenfold increase in axonal survival in GM1-treated compared to untreated injured nerves. These results emphasize the beneficial effect of GM1 on injured optic nerves as well as the correlation between immediate and long-term consequences of the injury. Thus, these results have implications for treating damaged optic nerves.
Securing IPv6's Neighbour Discovery, using Locally Authentication Process (2012)

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), in IPv6, allowed nodes to Autoconfigure using neighbour discovery protocol. Neighbour Discovery (ND) and Address auto- configuration mechanisms may be protected with IPSec Authentication Header (AH). Protecting all traffic will include Address Resolution Protocol. To protect this, IPSec will need agreed Key. For Key setup, UDP packet is sent, which requires IPSec for secure communication. So IPSec requires Agreed Key and for Key setup IPSec is needed, this creates a loop. To solve this problem Locally Authentication Process is presented in this paper. This process will provide a certificate of ownership of IP address on network Interface card and Public key to provide authorization. On the other hand, it will also reduce the network load.
α-L-iduronidase mutations (Q70X and P533R) associate with a severe Hurler phenotype (1992)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a deficiency of the glycosidase alpha-L-iduronidase which is required for the lysosomal degradation of the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Patients with MPS-I store forms of these partially degraded glycosaminoglycans in their lysosomes. MPS-I patients present with a wide range of clinical phenotypes, which makes prognostic predictions and genetic counselling difficult, therefore impeding the selection and evaluation of patients undergoing experimental therapy, such as bone marrow transplantation. We report the presence of two mutations, one that introduces a stop codon at position 70 (Q70X), and the other that alters the proline at position 533 to an arginine (P533R) in the 653 amino acid alpha-L-iduronidase protein. These mutations were originally detected by chemical cleavage and then by direct PCR sequencing. Allele specific oligonucleotides were used to detect the mutations in a group of 73 MPS-I patients and Q70X was found to account for 15% of all MPS-I alleles and P533R for 3% of MPS-I alleles. Both mutations are associated with an extremely severe clinical phenotype in homozygotes. MPS-I patients heterozygous for either mutation may have a wide range of clinical phenotypes. We have now described three mutations, W402X (Scott et al., 1992c), Q70X, and P533R totalling 53% of MPS-I alleles which together define 28% of MPS-I genotypes.
An LCD for multitrace oscilloscopes (1986)

Proceedings of the SID international symposium: Digest of technical papers, p128, SID, 1986.
A low-cost compact multimode/singlemode WWDM transceiver module for 10 Gb/s applications (2002)

Data communications, telecommunications, and computer interconnects are converging on the need for a very low cost 10 Gb/s interconnect. We present results on a long-wavelength wide-wavelength-division multiplexed transceiver module for both multimode and singlemode applications.
CLASSIFICATION WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES: APPLICATION TO OIL FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA (2007)

ABSTRACT: This paper reports on oil classification with fluorescence spectroscopy. The investigations are part of the development of a laser-based remote sensor (laser fluorosensor) to be used for the detection and classification of oil spills on water surfaces. The polychromator of the fluorosensor has six channels for measuring signals that represent the fluorescence spectral signature of the detected oil in the UV/VIS wavelength range following excitation at 355 nm. The investigation of the oil classification is based on the shape of the signature of the oil detected by these channels. The investigation uses three methods to examine crude oils, heavy refined oils, and sludge oils: the channels relationships method (CRM); artificial neural networks (ANN); and support vector machines (SVM). This was done based on a laboratory database of oil fluorescence spectra. The database and the input fluorescence signature of the oils play a very important role in the efficiency of the classification method. If the input fluorescence of the oil does not fit into one of the classes already included in the database or if it is a completely new and previously not considered signature, then the classification method must
Determination of the genetic basis of seed oil composition and melting point—adaptive quantitative traits—and their fitness effects in Arabidopsis thaliana (2013)

with the FAD2 line increasing melting point by 9.6C relative to wild-type and the FATB knockout causing a 3C decrease.Using methods that did not control for population structure, I identified several additional genes that encode products with a clear mechanism for alteration of seed oil melting point.Our results suggest selection can act to alter quantitative trait variation in response to local environmental conditions through a small set of genes.
Energy Transduction by Anaerobic Ferric Iron Respiration in <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> (1991)

Formate-grown cells of the obligately chemolithoautotrophic acidophile Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were capable of formate- and elemental sulfur-dependent reduction of ferric iron under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, both oxygen and ferric iron could be simultaneously used as electron acceptors. To investigate whether anaerobic ferric iron respiration by T. ferrooxidans is an energy-transducing process, uptake of amino acids was studied. Glycine uptake by starved cells did not occur in the absence of an electron donor, neither under aerobic conditions nor under anaerobic conditions. Uptake of glycine could be driven by formate- and ferrous iron-dependent oxygen uptake. Under anaerobic conditions, ferric iron respiration with the electron donors formate and elemental sulfur could energize glycine uptake. Glycine uptake was inhibited by the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results indicate that anaerobic ferric iron respiration can contribute to the energy budget of T. ferrooxidans.
Synergy among Nuclear Receptor Coactivators: Selective Requirement for Protein Methyltransferase and Acetyltransferase Activities (2002)

Hormone-activated nuclear receptors (NR) bind to specific regulatory DNA elements associated with their target genes and recruit coactivator proteins to remodel chromatin structure, recruit RNA polymerase, and activate transcription. The p160 coactivators (e.g., SRC-1, GRIP1, and ACTR) bind directly to activated NR and can recruit a variety of secondary coactivators. We have established a transient-transfection assay system under which the activity of various NR is highly or completely dependent on synergistic cooperation among three classes of coactivators: a p160 coactivator, the protein methyltransferase CARM1, and any of the three protein acetyltransferases, p300, CBP, or p/CAF. The three-coactivator functional synergy was only observed when low levels of NR were expressed and was highly or completely dependent on the methyltransferase activity of CARM1 and the acetyltransferase activity of p/CAF, but not the acetyltransferase activity of p300. Other members of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, which methylate different protein substrates than CARM1, could not substitute for CARM1 to act synergistically with p300 or p/CAF. A ternary complex of GRIP1, CARM1, and p300 or CBP was demonstrated in cultured mammalian cells, supporting a physiological role for the observed synergy. The transfection assay described here is a valuable new tool for investigating the mechanism of coactivator function and demonstrates the importance of multiple coactivators, including CARM1 and its specific protein methyltransferase activity, in transcriptional activation.
Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy (2012)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of two per 100, 000 individuals per year, and they account for 0.5% of all human malignancies. Other than surgery for the minority of patients who present with localized disease, there is little or no survival benefit of systemic therapy. Therefore, there is a great need to better understand the biology of NETs, and in particular define new therapeutic targets for patients with nonresectable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. 3D cell culture is becoming a popular method for drug screening due to its relevance in modeling the in vivo tumor tissue organization and microenvironment. The 3D multicellular spheroids could provide valuable information in a more timely and less expensive manner than directly proceeding from 2D cell culture experiments to animal (murine) models. To facilitate the discovery of new therapeutics for NET patients, we have developed an in vitro 3D multicellular spheroids model using the human NET cell lines. The NET cells are plated in a non-adhesive agarose-coated 24-well plate and incubated under physiological conditions (5% CO2, 37 °C) with a very slow agitation for 16-24 hr after plating. The cells form multicellular spheroids starting on the 3(rd) or 4(th) day. The spheroids become more spherical by the 6(th) day, at which point the drug treatments are initiated. The efficacy of the drug treatments on the NET spheroids is monitored based on the morphology, shape and size of the spheroids with a phase-contrast light microscope. The size of the spheroids is estimated automatically using a custom-developed MATLAB program based on an active contour algorithm. Further, we demonstrate a simple method to process the HistoGel embedding on these 3D spheroids, allowing the use of standard histological and immunohistochemical techniques. This is the first report on generating 3D spheroids using NET cell lines to examine the effect of therapeutic drugs. We have also performed histology on these 3D spheroids, and displayed an example of a single drug's effect on growth and proliferation of the NET spheroids. Our results support that the NET spheroids are valuable for further studies of NET biology and drug development.
Selective sensitivity of chronic myelogenous leukemia cell populations to alkyl-lysophospholipids (1979)

In order to evaluate the specificity of alkyl-lysophospholipid-induced cell destruction, peripheral blood leukocytes from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase of the disease as well as in blastic crisis have been separated by density centrifugation. These subpopulations, enriched for the different maturation stages, were tested for their sensitivity to alkyl-lysophospholipids. It is shown that myelocytes in chronic phase CML are resistant, but blast cells from both clinical stages as well as maturational defective myelocytes from blastic crisis CML are highly sensitive to these antimetabolites. In contrast to chronic phase CML myelocytes, these sensitive cells show a high lysophospholipid adsorption rate and lack an O-alkyl-cleavage enzyme.
Local potential and polarization screening on ferroelectric surfaces (2001)

Electrostatic force microscopy and scanning surface potential microscopy are applied to study force gradient and surface potential on ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}(100)$ surface. Surface potential evolution during a ferroelectric/paraelectric phase transition and the potential distribution near moving domain walls allow the relationship between potential polarity and polarization orientation. Results indicate that polarization bound charge is completely screened on this surface and domain potential is reverse to that expected from domain polarity. Surface potential is attributed to the formation of double layer due to the complete screening of polarization charge. The absolute value of the measured potential difference between domains of opposite polarity suggests that surface adsorbates play a governing role in potential formation mechanism, though intrinsic screening by free carriers is not completely excluded.
Sodium Valproate in The Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine: A Double-Blind Study Versus Placebo (1992)

The efficacy of sodium valproate (Depalept) versus placebo in the treatment of migraine was evaluated in a double-blind randomized cross-over study in twenty-nine patients. The patients were divided into two groups each of which was alternately given 400 mg of sodium valproate B.I.d or placebo for eight weeks and then crossed over for an additional eight weeks. Our results show that in 86.2% of the patients sodium valproate was effective in preventing migraine or reducing the frequency, severity and duration of the attacks. In general, the drug was well tolerated and proved to be an effective treatment in migraine.
Numerical Simulation in Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Introduction (1997)

Notation 1. Numerical simulation - a key technology of the future 2. The mathematical description of flows 3. The numerical treatment of the Navier-Stokes equations 4. Visualization techniques 5. Example applications 6. Free boundary value problems 7. Example applications for free boundary value problems 8. Parallelization 9. Energy transport 10. Turbulence 11. Extension to Three dimensions 12. Concluding remarks Appendix A Appendix B Bibliography Index.
Comparison of minority-carrier diffusion length measurements in silicon by the photoconductive decay and surface photovoltage methods (1988)

Diffusion lengths of minority carriers in the range 50–1200 μm were measured in n- and p-type silicon single crystals with a wide range of resistivities by the surface photovoltage (SPV) and photoconductive decay (PCD) methods. Previously published values for the optical absorption coefficient of Si differed sufficiently to result in a substantial uncertainty in the minority-carrier diffusion length determined by the SPV method. In order to minimize the uncertainty in diffusion length values obtained by the SPV method, the optical absorption coefficient of Si was measured in the wavelength interval 0.8≤λ≤1.16 μm [M. Saritas and H. D. McKell, J. Appl. Phys. 61, 4923 (1987)]. When our absorption coefficient data were used, the diffusion lengths measured by the SPV and PCD methods were found to be in agreement.
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Akt/PKB transduces insulin receptor-like signals from AGE-1 PI3 kinase to the DAF-16 transcription factor (1998)

A neurosecretory pathway regulates a reversible developmental arrest and metabolic shift at the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larval stage. Defects in an insulin-like signaling pathway cause arrest at the dauer stage. We show here that two C. elegans Akt/PKB homologs, akt-1 and akt-2, transduce insulin receptor-like signals that inhibit dauer arrest and that AKT-1 and AKT-2 signaling are indispensable for insulin receptor-like signaling in C. elegans. A loss-of-function mutation in the Fork head transcription factor DAF-16 relieves the requirement for Akt/PKB signaling, which indicates that AKT-1 and AKT-2 function primarily to antagonize DAF-16. This is the first evidence that the major target of Akt/PKB signaling is a transcription factor. An activating mutation in akt-1, revealed by a genetic screen, as well as increased dosage of wild-type akt-1 relieves the requirement for signaling from AGE-1 PI3K, which acts downstream of the DAF-2 insulin/IGF-1 receptor homolog. This demonstrates that Akt/PKB activity is not necessarily dependent on AGE-1 PI3K activity. akt-1 and akt-2 are expressed in overlapping patterns in the nervous system and in tissues that are remodeled during dauer formation.
Computer assistance to formulate, order and evaluate parenteral nutrition solutions (2005)

We evaluated the efficiency of using a computer system to order parenteral nutrition solutions for intensive care nursery patients. The computer significantly decreased the time required to prepare orders when compared to the time required for the same procedure done without computer assistance. There were no errors nor omissions in ten sets of orders written with computer assistance, but four of ten sets written without computer assistance did have errors or omissions.