gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute Beginner's Guide to Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 (2003)

Microsoft Outlook 2003 is a personal information manager that allows users to communicate throughout the office or over the Internet with e-mail, schedule meetings, create task lists, and keep track of all important appointments.Absolute Beginner's Guide to Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 is a tool that teaches how to use all of these features of Outlook in a quick and easy manner. The book includes all the right information for the Outlook, yet it's clear explanations and straightforward style help experienced users make an easy transition when upgrading to Outlook 2003. Other tasks covered in the book include: Creating task lists. Managing a calendar. Logging important events in the journal. Making notes to remind about important tasks. Scheduling meetings and inviting coworkers. Communicating with others using e-mail. Importing and exporting files.
High Step-Up Soft-Switched Converters Using Voltage Multiplier Cells (2012)

In this paper, a soft-switched dc-dc converter using voltage multiplier cells is proposed for high-step up application. The proposed converter has the following advantages: 1) doubled voltage conversion ratio of the basic configuration ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> = 1) compared to the conventional boost converter; 2) zero voltage switching turn ON of switches and zero current switching turn OFF of diodes; 3) low input current ripple, reduced size of the passive component and current stresses of switches due to interleaved structure, and 4) increased flexibility in device selection by adjusting the number of voltage multiplier cells. The proposed converter is compared to some high step-up converters. Experimental results from a 1-kW prototype are provided to validate the proposed concept.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Cell Performance of Inverse Spinel Electrode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Faster Scaling Algorithm for Minimizing Submodular Functions (2003)

Combinatorial strongly polynomial algorithms for minimizing submodular functions have been developed by Iwata, Fleischer, and Fujishige (IFF) and by Schrijver. The IFF algorithm employs a scaling scheme for submodular functions, whereas Schrijver's algorithm achieves strongly polynomial bound with the aid of distance labeling. Subsequently, Fleischer and Iwata have described a push/relabel version of Schrijver's algorithm to improve its time complexity. This paper combines the scaling scheme with the push/relabel framework to yield a faster combinatorial algorithm for submodular function minimization. The resulting algorithm improves over the previously best known bound by essentially a linear factor in the size of the underlying ground set.
Targeting FcαRI on Polymorphonuclear Cells Induces Tumor Cell Killing through Autophagy (2011)

Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating FcR-expressing WBCs with potent cytotoxic ability. Currently, they are recognized as promising effector cells for Ab-mediated immunotherapy of cancer, because their capacity to kill tumor cells is greatly enhanced by tumor Ag-specific mAbs. The FcαRI represents the most potent FcR on neutrophils for induction of Ab-mediated tumor cell killing. However, the mechanisms of cell death that are induced are poorly understood. Because these mechanisms can be used for modulation of anticancer treatment, we investigated the tumor cell death induced by neutrophil-mediated Ab-dependent killing via FcαRI. Human mammary carcinoma cells were efficiently killed when incubated with human neutrophils and tumor-specific FcαRI bispecific or IgA Abs. Interestingly, we observed characteristics of autophagy such as autophagic structures by electron microscopy and LC3B(+) autophagosomes in different human epithelial carcinoma cells, which resulted in tumor cell death. To a lesser extent, necrotic features, such as cellular membrane breakdown and spillage of intracellular content, were found. By contrast, apoptotic features including fragmented nuclei, Annexin V-positivity, and presence of cleaved caspase-3 were not observed. These findings indicate that neutrophils mainly facilitate autophagy to induce tumor cell death rather than the more commonly recognized apoptotic cell death mechanisms induced by NK cells or cytotoxic T cells. This knowledge not only reveals the type of tumor cell death induced in neutrophil-mediated, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, but importantly opens up additional perspectives for modulation of anticancer therapy in, for example, apoptosis-resistant tumor cells.
Detection of circulating cancer cells with von hippel-lindau gene mutation in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma. (2000)

Mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene have been detected in up to 60% of sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas (RCCs). Even patients with RCCs believed to be curable with radical nephrectomy sometimes develop distant metastasis 5-10 years after surgery, suggesting hematogenous circulation of cancer cells. Useful tumor markers have not yet been established for RCC. To detect patients at high risk of metastasis after surgery, we developed a highly sensitive and specific nested reverse transcription-PCR method using VHL gene mutation to detect circulating cancer cells. We screened 29 sporadic clear cell RCCs from patients for mutations of the VHL gene by direct sequencing. We next examined blood samples from patients with the VHL gene mutation using mutation-specific nested reverse transcription-PCR. Somatic mutations were detected in 20 of 29 (69.0%) sporadic clear cell RCCs. The VHL gene mutations were detected in peripheral and/or renal venous blood from 15 of 20 (75%) patients. The mutations were detected in the peripheral blood in 2 of 17 (11.8%) patients before surgery, 6 of 16 (37.5%) patients within 24 h after surgery, 3 of 16 (18.8%) patients on day 7 after surgery, and 2 of 11 (18.2%) patients on day 30 after surgery. In seven of nine (77.8%) patients, mutations were detected in renal venous blood during surgery. These findings indicate the presence of circulating cancer cells with VHL gene mutation. Although much larger studies are needed to determine the clinical significance, our study shows that this technique is feasible for detecting circulating RCC cells.
Abstract CT159: IFN-γ analysis in blood and tissue as a potential prognostic and/or predictive biomarker (2017)

Abstract Background SUNRISE, a global, double-bind, Phase III trial of docetaxel (D) plus bavituximab (B) or D plus placebo (P) in previously treated non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrated similar overall survival (OS) in both treatment arms. Immune correlate analyses including pre-treatment IFN-γ levels in blood and tumor tissue were used to potentially identify prognostic and/or predictive correlation with clinical outcome. Methods Serum was isolated from all randomized NSCLC patients at screening, periodically during treatment and at disease progression for evaluation of IFN-γ levels using the SimoaTM assay (Myriad RBM, Austin, TX, USA). Available archival tissue was also tested for 91- immune gene activation markers, including IFN-γ by the Fluidigm-based gene-expression platform (Sirona Dx, Lake Oswego, OR, USA). Kaplan-Meier statistical methods and Cox proportion hazards models were utilized to evaluate and contrast the correlation of peripheral and intratumoral IFN-γ levels with OS. Patients were classified paradoxically as IFN-γ "low" with a favorable disease prognosis versus "high" associated with more aggressive disease based on the median. Results Pretreatment serum results were available for 582 out of the 597 randomized patients. Each patient was classified to be pre-treatment IFN-γ high or low (&lt; cut-off) using cut-off 0.093 pg/ml, which is the median IFN-γ value in the D+B group. Median overall survival (mOS) in all patients with IFN-γ low is 11.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.1-13.5) versus 10.4 months (95% CI, 8.4-11.3) in all IFN-γ high; p=0.047. mOS of D+B arm is 11.6 months (95% CI, 10.2-13.9) and 11.1 months (95% CI, 9.1-14.7) in the D group; p=0.982 for IFN-γ low. mOS of D+B arm is 9.0 months (95% CI, 6.7-11.2) and 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.9-13.0) in the D group; p=0.252 for IFN-γ high. With the limited intratumoral IFN-γ gene expression data (n=33), no statistically significant correlation with OS was observed. Conclusions Correlative approaches identified low peripheral low IFN-γ at pretreatment as a biomarker of interest correlating with more favorable clinical outcomes and is consistent with the hypothesis that bavituximab may demonstrate more immunomodulatory effects in patients with “immune cold” tumors. Citation Format: Nikoletta Kallinteris, Leora Horn, Min Tang, Tobias Guennel, Shen Yin, Jennifer Lai, Joseph Shan, Rachel E. Sanborn. IFN-γ analysis in blood and tissue as a potential prognostic and/or predictive biomarker [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT159
Analysis of the Mechanisms Underlying the Age-related Impairment in Long-Term Potentiation in the Rat (1998)

The process of ageing is common to all organisms but despite its universality, understanding of the cellular and molecular changes which accompany ageing is poor. With the increase in the ageing population, the need for systematic study of the process becomes a priority but the development of a systematic approach to the problem requires the development of a testable theory of ageing. While several theories of ageing have been proposed /336/, between which there is at least some overlap, no generally-accepted theory has been identified. In relation to the brain, four interrelated theories of ageing have received significant attention; these are (1) the membrane hypothesis, (2) the free radical hypothesis, (3) the calcium hypothesis and (4) the glucocorticoid theory. The overlap between these hypotheses is such that a causal relationship between them is very likely with age-related changes in membrane composition triggered by changes in free radical production, while changes in membrane composition are likely to account for changes in membrane function including age-related changes in calcium homeostasis. The glucocorticoid theory could equally well be termed the stress hypothesis of ageing, which in the hippocampus at least, might trigger age-related changes in free radical production. This review is not intended to be a balanced appraisal of each theory but emphasizes aspects of the membrane hypothesis of ageing and discusses some relevant aspects of the other hypotheses. Attention is focussed on analysis of the biochemical changes which might underlie age-related changes in hippocampal function, particularly maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP), and these changes are discussed in the context of the four hypotheses of ageing.
Microglia in diseases of the central nervous system (2002)

Microglia (MG) are enigmatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). MG are morphologically, antigenically and functionally flexible, and have the potential for mobility and proliferation. MG are professional antigen-presenting cells and constitute part of the local CNS innate immune system, communicating with other immune cells via chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. MG contain several antigenic and functional markers similar to macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), but also present several differences from DCs. The exact role(s) played by MG in the normal human CNS is the topic of lively debate. MG participate in many reactive processes in the CNS and are therefore an integral part of lesions in a variety of pathologic conditions. It is thought that MG may exacerbate diverse neurological conditions, including viral encephalitis, AIDS, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease. A recurrent theme is the perpetuation by MG of pathological cycles of monocyte recruitment, activation and cytopathic secretions, and/or auto antigen presentation.
Expression and purification of recombinant human coagulation factor VII fused to a histidine tag using Gateway technology. (2009)

As far as we are aware, this is the first report of expression of recombinant FVII fused with a his-tag through Gateway technology. The next steps, including large scale expression, purification, activation and stabilisation, are underway.
SAMICOS-A Sleep Analyzing Microcomputer System (1986)

A microcomputer-based sleep analyzing system capable of real-time waveform detection and storage is presented. A system design methodology necessary to build the real-time, multiobject, multichannel signal detection scheme is described with the crucial steps in algorithm development and implementation. The system performance is comparable to that of a hybrid, older version of a sleep analyzer which was extensively tested with good results.
Catalytic properties of mouse carbonic anhydrase V. (1994)

A cDNA encoding the mouse carbonic anhydrase V gene was isolated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction from BALB/c mouse liver mRNA. Vectors containing the full coding sequence as well as two different NH2-terminal truncated genes expressed enzymatically active protein in Escherichia coli. The carbonic anhydrase V produced by a vector containing the full coding sequence, which includes a possible NH2-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal, was proteolytically processed by E. coli and contained several amino-terminal ends. The two NH2-terminal truncated vectors deleted, respectively, 1) the 29-amino acid putative targeting sequence and 2) 51 amino acids, yielding a protein equivalent to a carbonic anhydrase (CA) V isolated from mouse liver mitochondria; and both vectors produced homogeneous protein fractions. These latter two forms of CA V had identical steady-state constants for the hydration of CO2, with maximal values of kcat/Km at 3 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 and kcat at 3 x 10(5) s-1 with an apparent pKa for catalysis of 7.4 determined from kcat/Km. In catalytic properties, mouse CA V is closest to CA I; however, in inhibition by acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and cyanate, CA V is very similar to CA II. Mouse CA V has a tyrosine at position 64, where the highly active isozyme II has histidine serving as a proton shuttle in the catalytic pathway. Investigation of a site-specific mutant of CA V containing the replacement Tyr64-->His showed that the unique kinetic properties of CA V are not due to the presence of tyrosine at position 64.
Study on Evaluation System of Arousal-Level With Physiological Information (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Quantum Information Processing with Single Photons and Atomic Ensembles in Microwave Coplanar Waveguide Resonators (2008)

We show that pairs of atoms optically excited to the Rydberg states can strongly interact with each other via effective long-range dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions mediated by their nonresonant coupling to a common microwave field mode of a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. These cavity mediated interactions can be employed to generate single photons and to realize in a scalable configuration a universal phase gate between pairs of single photon pulses propagating or stored in atomic ensembles in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency.
Silicon quantum dot formation in SiC/SiOx hetero-superlattice (2011)

All-Silicon tandem solar cells make use of the quantum confinement of silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in silicon oxide, carbide or nitride for the band gap engineering required to achieve efficiencies beyond the Shockley-Queisser-Limit while relying exclusively on abundant and non-toxic materials. A promising approach to the realization of the silicon quantum dot absorbers is the fabrication of superlattice structures with controlled mono-disperse size and spacing of the Si-NCs. Here we introduce the SiC/SiOx hetero-superlattice with near-stoichiometric SiC as barrier layer for the electrical transport and silicon rich SiOx as matrix layer for the quantum dot formation. Due to the competing nature of carrier localization and transport, the choice of different materials for matrix and barrier is indicated. We consider SiOx (x<2) as a promising matrix layer, since the phase separation is thermodynamically favourable, the quantum confinement pronounced and the amorphous matrix phase stable at high temperature. The SiC with low band gap should lead to low band offset between Si and SiC and thus give rise to high tunnel probability and easy carrier transport. In this work we deposited samples with various layer thicknesses and compositions using PECVD, followed by thermal annealing. We show HRTEM, Raman and GIXRD measurements for structural evaluation and present PL and PDS results for optical evaluation. In addition, we carried out electron spin resonance experiments addressing the defect creation during annealing.
The action of natural waters on lead (1922)

J. C. Thresh, Analyst, 1922, 47, 500 DOI: 10.1039/AN9224700500
Dried Plum’s Unique Capacity to Reverse Bone Loss and Alter Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Model (2013)

Interest in dried plum has increased over the past decade due to its promise in restoring bone and preventing bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis. This study compared the effects of dried plum on bone to other dried fruits and further explored the potential mechanisms of action through which dried plum may exert its osteoprotective effects. Adult osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape or mango for 8 weeks. Whole body and spine bone mineral density improved in mice consuming the dried plum, apricot and grape diets compared to the OVX control mice, but dried plum was the only fruit to have an anabolic effect on trabecular bone in the vertebra and prevent bone loss in the tibia. Restoration of biomechanical properties occurred in conjunction with the changes in trabecular bone in the spine. Compared to other dried fruits in this study, dried plum was unique in its ability to down-regulate osteoclast differentiation coincident with up-regulating osteoblast and glutathione (GPx) activity. These alterations in bone metabolism and antioxidant status compared to other dried fruits provide insight into dried plum's unique effects on bone.
Selected Novel Anticancer Treatments Targeting Cell Signaling Proteins (2001)

Empirical approaches to discovery of anticancer drugs and cancer treatment have made limited progress in the cure of cancer in the last several decades. Recent advances in technology and expanded knowledge of the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and metastasis have provided unique opportunities to design novel compounds that rationally target the abnormal molecular and biochemical signals leading to cancer. Several such novel agents have completed advanced stages in clinical development. The excellent clinical results achieved by some of these compounds are creating new paradigms in management of patients with neoplastic diseases. Clinical development of these agents also raises challenges to the traditional methods of drug evaluation and measurement of efficacy.
PRECLINICAL STUDY: FULL ARTICLE: Ghrelin increases intake of rewarding food in rodents (2010)

We investigated whether ghrelin action at the level of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a key node in the mesolimbic reward system, is important for the rewarding and motivational aspects of the consumption of rewarding/palatable food. Mice with a disrupted gene encoding the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) and rats treated peripherally with a GHS-R1A antagonist both show suppressed intake of rewarding food in a free choice (chow/rewarding food) paradigm. Moreover, accumbal dopamine release induced by rewarding food was absent in GHS-R1A knockout mice. Acute bilateral intra-VTA administration of ghrelin increased 1-hour consumption of rewarding food but not standard chow. In comparison with sham rats, VTA-lesioned rats had normal intracerebroventricular ghrelin-induced chow intake, although both intake of and time spent exploring rewarding food was decreased. Finally, the ability of rewarding food to condition a place preference was suppressed by the GHS-R1A antagonist in rats. Our data support the hypothesis that central ghrelin signaling at the level of the VTA is important for the incentive value of rewarding food.
Near-Infrared Reflectance Measurement of Total Sugar Content of Breakfast Cereals (1985)

Two different computerized scanning near-infrared (NIR) reflectance instruments were used to determine the total sugar content of 84 samples of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. One of the instruments was commercially built, the Neotec 6350, and the other was built in the Instrumentation Research Laboratory, HSI, ARS, USDA. The total sugar content of the cereals, as determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), ranged from 0 to 54%. The samples were divided into two sets, one used for calibration of both NIR instruments and the other used for prediction. Various mathematical treatments of the spectral reflectance data were evaluated for optimal prediction of sugar content, and best prediction by both instruments was obtained by a two-term regression equation using ratios of first derivatives of log 1/ R. The correlation between the NIR measurement and the GLC analysis was the same for both instruments. The standard errors of prediction of 2.8% and 2.7% total sugar are only slightly larger than the errors associated with the GLC method with which they are compared. Two different types of spectra were observed in the cereal samples. One was identified as characteristic of crystalline sugar, and the other characteristic of amorphous sugar.
Engineering human megakaryocytic microparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (2018)

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are important target cells for gene therapy applications. Current genetic modifications of HSPCs rely on viral vectors in vivo or electroporation ex vivo. Here, we developed a nonviral system based on megakaryocytic microparticles (MPs) for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small RNAs to HSPCs. We have previously shown that megakaryocytic MPs, the most abundant MPs in blood circulation, target specifically and deliver cargo to HSPCs both in vitro and in vivo. With an optimized electroporation protocol, an average of 4200 plasmid copies per MP were loaded into MP, thus enabling effective delivery of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding pDNA to HSPCs and HSPC nuclei, with up to 81% nuclei containing pDNA. Effective functional small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) delivery were also demonstrated. As patient-specific or generic megakaryocytic MPs can be readily generated and stored frozen, our data suggest that this system has great potential for therapeutic applications targeting HSPCs.