gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Lewis acid complexes of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl and nitrile compounds. A nuclear magnetic resonance study (1982)

1:1 Complexes of a range of Lewis acids with crotonaldehyde (1) have been systematically investigated by 1 H and 13 C nmr spectroscopy. Lewis acids employed were: BF 3 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 , SnCl 4 , TiCl 4 , SbCl 5 , AlCl 3 , EtAlCl 2 , Et 2 AlCl, Et 3 Al 2 Cl 3 , and Et 3 Al. Chemical shift changes in 1 H nuclei remote from the Lewis acid group were found to be remarkably regular and consistent. The study has been extended to tiglaldehyde (2), pent-3-en-2-one (3), cyclohexenone (4), methyl crotonate (5), and crotonitrile (6) and the relationships between the chemical shift differences associated with complexation of these have been explored.
The expression of bovine microsomal cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and a study of the solution structure and stability of variant proteins (1993)

The DNA sequence of bovine microsomal cytochrome b5 has been amplified from a liver cDNA library using a polymerase chain reaction. The amplified cDNA when cloned into plasmids that support the high-level production of cytochrome b5 in E.coli leads to protein overexpression and results in cell colonies bearing a strong red colouration. Using cassette mutagenesis, truncated versions of the cytochrome b5 cDNA have been made that encode the first 90 amino acid residues (Ala1-Lys90), the first 104 amino acids (Ala1-Ser104) and the complete protein (Ala1-Asn133). The location of the overexpressed cytochrome b5 within prokaryotic cells is dependent on the overall length of the protein. Expression of the Ala-Lys90 and Ala1-Ser104 variants leads to a location in the cytoplasmic phase of the bacteria whereas the whole protein, Ala1-Asn133, is found within the bacterial membrane fraction. The last 30 residues of cytochrome b5 therefore contain all of the necessary information to insert the protein into E.coli membranes. The solubility of the Ala1-Ser104 variant permits the solution structure and stability of this protein to be measured using 1- and 2-D 1H-NMR methods and electronic spectroscopy. 1-D NMR studies show that the chemical shifts of the haem and haem ligand resonances of the Ala1-Ser104 variant exhibit only very slight perturbations to their magnetic microenvironments when compared with the tryptic fragment of ferricytochrome b5. These results indicate an arrangement of residues in the haem pocket that is very similar in both the Ala1-Ser104 variant and the tryptic fragment and by 2-D NMR it is shown that this similarity extends to the conformations of the polypeptide backbone and side chains. Electronic spectroscopy of this variant shows absorbance maxima for the Soret peaks at 423 nm (reduced) and 413 nm (oxidized). From absorbance spectra the relative thermal stabilities of the Ala1-Ser104 variant and the tryptic fragment were measured. In the oxidized state the Ala1-Ser104 variant denatures in a single cooperative transition with a midpoint temperature (Tm) of 73 degrees C that is significantly higher than that of 'tryptic' ferricytochrome b5. The reduced form of the protein shows increased transition temperatures (Tm approximately 78 degrees C) reflected in the values of delta Hm, delta Sm and delta(delta G) of 420 kJ/mol, 1096 J/mol/K and 12.38 kJ/mol respectively, estimated for this variant. The increased stability of the Ala1-Ser104 variant and other recombinant forms of cytochrome b5 is correlated with the presence of additional residues at the N- and C-termini.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Application of sound source separation methods to advanced spatial audio systems. (2009)

This thesis is related to the field of Sound Source Separation (SSS). It addresses the development and evaluation of these techniques for their application in the resynthesis of high-realism sound scenes by means of Wave Field Synthesis (WFS). Because the vast majority of audio recordings are preserved in two-channel stereo format, special up-converters are required to use advanced spatial audio reproduction formats, such as WFS. This is due to the fact that WFS needs the original source signals to be available, in order to accurately synthesize the acoustic field inside an extended listening area. Thus, an object-based mixing is required.
Purification and point-mutation analysis of human interleukin-2 (Ser-125). (1992)

A new type of IL-2(Ser-125) was purified by semi-preparative RP-HPLC, and its purity was analyzed with microbore HPLC, IEF, SDS-PAGE and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The N-terminal sequencing indicated the microheterogeneity of the N-terminus, i.e., N-Met(2/3) and N-Ala(1/3), which was identified with the results of CE and IEF. The amino acid sequence of the point mutated peptide confirmed the replacement of Cys-125 with Ser.
Selected two-color operation of a CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;laser (1980)

Two-color length measurement schemes have recently been proposed which require a multiwavelength laser source having means of laser frequency stabilization. A simple CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser can be adjusted and operated such that these requirements may be addressed. It is shown that through certain simple incremental length adjustments a specified two-color pair may be obtained. Other colors may be caused to appear in selectable sequence through further adjustment. An experimental laser is described in which these characteristics have been observed.
THREE CAST TECHNIQUES FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXTRA-ARTICULAR METACARPAL FRACTURES (2005)

Background: Most extra-articular metacarpal fractures can be managed nonoperatively. While the conventional wisdom is that the metacarpophalangeal joint should be immobilized in a position of flexion, alternative methods for cast immobilization have been described. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate three methods of closed treatment; specifically, we investigated whether the position of immobilization of the metacarpophalangeal joint or the absence of a range of motion of the interphalangeal joints affected the short-term outcome or fracture alignment. Methods: Between November 2000 and April 2004, extra-articular metacarpal fractures were immobilized for five weeks in one of three ways: with the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion and full interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 1); with the metacarpophalangeal joints in extension and full interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 2); and with the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion, the interphalangeal joints in extension, and no interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 3). Radiographs and the range of motion were evaluated at five weeks after application of the cast, and the range of motion and grip strength were assessed at nine weeks. Results: Two hundred and sixty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. At five weeks, there was no difference among the treatment methods with regard to the range of motion or the maintenance of fracture reduction. At nine weeks, there was no significant difference with regard to the range of motion or grip strength. Conclusions: When immobilization was discontinued by five weeks, the position of the metacarpophalangeal joints and the absence or presence of interphalangeal joint motion during the immobilization had little effect on motion, grip strength, or fracture alignment. This finding contradicts the conventional teaching that the metacarpophalangeal joint must be immobilized in flexion to prevent long-term loss of joint extension. Patient comfort, ease of application, and the surgeon's familiarity with the technique should influence the choice of immobilization. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Studies on the reaction between strontium carbonate and iron(III) oxide (1971)

The reaction between strontium carbonate and iron(III) oxide has been studied in a system open to the atmosphere and in a vacuum. The extent of reaction was calculated from the analysis of the solid products by X-ray diffraction and, in the case of the experiments in vacuum, from the amount of carbon dioxide evolved from the system also. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In vacuum, the monoferrite SrFe2O4 results from the direct reaction of strontium carbonate and iron(III) oxide at comparatively low temperatures, while the hexaferrite SrFe12O19 is formed by the reaction of Sr2Fe2O4 with iron(III) oxide at higher temperatures. The formation of the ferrite Sr2Fe2O5 depends upon the prevailing atmosphere, since this compound was present only as an intermediate phase when the experiments were carried out in air and not in vacuum. Only three compounds of strontium, iron, and oxygen were found, namely the ferrites SrFe2O4, Sr2Fe2O5, and SrFe12O19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The observataions appear to be explicable in terms of Tammann temperatures.
Rubber‐modified epoxies. I. Influence of carboxyl‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile random copolymers (CTBN) on the polymerization and phase separation processes (1990)

Abstract A bisphenol‐A diglycidylether (DGEBA) based epoxy was cured with a cycloaliphatic diamine (4,4′‐diamino‐3,3′‐dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, 3DCM), in the presence of an epoxy terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile random copolymer (ETBN). Results showed that vitrification is slightly delayed with the rubber addition. With ETBN the auto‐catalytic mechanism by [OH] 0 is predominant at the beginning of the reaction, and on the contrary dilution is the dominant factor after x = 0.15. Phase separation takes place completely, well before gelation and vitrification; the conversion at the onset of phase separation decreases with the rubber amount but does not depend significantly on the temperature. The maximum T g of the rubber‐modified matrix does not depend on the cure temperature but decreases with the initial rubber concentration. This implies that a significant amount of rubber remains in solution in the continuous phase. This explains the delay in vitrification.
Spatially distinct and functionally independent mechanisms of axonal degeneration in a model of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (2006)

Sensory polyneuropathies are the most frequent neurological complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP), associated with HIV infection, is characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of sensory fibres. In rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures, HIV viral envelope protein gp120 results in neurotoxicity and axonal degeneration. Since it is unknown whether the axonal degeneration is a consequence of neuronal death or whether it is due to a direct toxic effect on axons, we investigated gp120-induced axonal toxicity using compartmentalized cultures of sensory neurons. Our results show that gp120 causes neuronal apoptosis and axonal degeneration through two, independent and spatially separated mechanisms of action: (i) an indirect insult to cell bodies, requiring the presence of Schwann cells, results in neuronal apoptotic death and subsequent axonal degeneration; (ii) a direct, local toxicity exerted on axons through activation of mitochondrial caspase pathway that is independent of cell body. This local axonal toxicity is mediated through binding of gp120 to axonal chemokine receptors and can be prevented by chemokine receptor blockers. In conclusion, we propose a novel pathway of axonal degeneration mediated by gp120 that is dependent on local activation of caspases in the axon. This observation suggests that axonal protection is a relevant therapeutic target for HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Furthermore, chemokine receptor inhibitors, which are currently being developed as HIV entry inhibitor drugs, may also have a therapeutic role in HIV-associated peripheral neuropathies by preventing axonal degeneration.
Elastic memory composite technology for thin, lightweight, space- and ground-based deployable mirrors (2003)

A novel shape memory composite material for the fabrication of thin, lightweight deployable mirrors is presented. The material has been evaluated for shape memory performance and dimensional stability. In addition, preliminary efforts have been directed toward the fabrication of lab-scale, replica mirrors. The concept combines a shape memory composite substrate with an electroplated metal reflective surface to provide a thin mirror with the ability to be deformed for packaging with good shape-recovery on deployment and reasonable post-deployed compliance that facilitates active shape control. The shape memory composite substrates are composed of Elastic Memory Composite (EMC) materials with appropriate reinforcements (i.e. fibers, particulates, or nanoreinforcements). The reflective surfaces are composed primarily of electroplated nickel with a variety of surface preparations to promote good adhesion to the composite substrate and provide optical-quality reflectance. Thin (i.e. less than 508 μm or 20 mils), EMC-composite mirrors have been prepared with adhered, electroplated nickel metal surfaces, which are less than 25.4 μm (i.e. 1 mil) thick. A single method of fabrication has been examined; electroplated thin metal deposition on a mandrel followed by subsequent adhesion to an EMC laminate. Investigative results of material fabrication, packaging and deployment testing, and preliminary optical-performance testing are presented.
Role of oils and other factors in microemulsion design (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of oils and other factors in microemulsion designB. W. Ninham, S. J. Chen, and D. Fennell EvansCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 24, 5855–5857Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150668a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j150668a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Development of telemetric techniques for use in studies of the electrical activity of the brain. (1976)

A telemetry system has been designed to transmit two channels of wideband activity (0.2 Hz-2.5 KHz) recorded from high-impedance microelectrodes in the brains of free-moving cats. Thus, both unit activity and slow-wave field activity are accessible without disruption of the animals' behavior. In addition, circuitry is described that conditions the receiver signals, that dicriminates valid subcarrier signals from receiver noise and that automatically aborts data output in the absence of discriminable subcarrier. This receiver signal processing circuitry thus assures the fidelity of the decoded subcarrier, greatly facilitates further machine processing of the data and frees the experimenter from having to continuously monitor the receiver signals to subjectively edit out noisy data.
A fuse for magnetic resonance imaging probes (1989)

In a research environment, a magnetic resonance imaging system's manufacturer-supplied protection against excessive rf power deposition in the sample is often compromised. This paper presents a widely applicable scheme, based on a commonly available fuse, that simply and effectively limits the average rf power into a magnetic resonance imaging probe.
Optical Digital Rubic (Rapid Unbiased Bipolar Incoherent Calculator) Cube Processor (1984)

Presented in this paper is a review of an electro-optical engagement-array architecture capable of performing a variety of matrix operations. The matrix information may be encoded and processed using either conventional optical analog techniques or the twos complement binary representation.
DBA/2J mouse model for experimental glaucoma: pitfalls and problems (2017)

The DBA/2J experimental glaucoma model shows variability in expression, and its pathological changes cause major difficulties in assessing disease progression. From our experience, the model presents significant challenges for drug studies in glaucoma, as there are many confounding factors: difficulty with accurate intraocular pressure measurement, in vivo imaging, and electrophysiology recording and a high dropout rate. In addition, there may be an underlying neurodegenerative process independent of intraocular pressure.
EnergyLife (2010)

We present Energy Life a system utilizing wireless sensors, mobile and ambient interfaces that turn energy consumers into active players. Energy Life participants play through different levels collecting scores in savings and through advice tip reading and quizzes. We describe principles, logic of the game, implementation and user interfaces providing rationale for design choices. Key principles embodied in Energy Life are: situated and combined feedback including knowledge and consumption information, intuitiveness and non-intrusiveness by utilizing an always at hand solution on a touch enabled smart phone and lighting as an ambient interface, sustained interaction and engagement by using a applied game that connects players within and between households.
Delayed melatonin administration promotes neuronal survival, neurogenesis and motor recovery, and attenuates hyperactivity and anxiety after mild focal cerebral ischemia in mice (2008)

Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with neuroprotective activity in animal models of ischemic stroke, which based on its lack of serious toxicity has raised hopes that it might be used for human stroke treatment in the future. This study investigated how subacute delivery of melatonin, starting at 24 hr after stroke onset, and continuing for 29 days (4 mg/kg/day; via drinking water), influences neuronal survival, endogenous neurogenesis, motor recovery and locomotor activity in C57Bl6/j mice submitted to 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Histologic studies showed that melatonin improved neuronal survival and enhanced neurogenesis, even when applied 1 day after stroke. Cell survival was associated with a long-lasting improvement of motor and coordination deficits, evaluated by the grip strength and RotaRod tests, as well as with attenuation of hyperactivity and anxiety of the animals as revealed in open field tests. The robust functional neurologic improvements encourage proof-of-concept studies with melatonin in human stroke patients.
Microelectrometric titration measurement of the pKa's and partition and drug distribution coefficients of narcotics and narcotic antagonists and their pH and temperature dependence (1975)

The pKa's, partition coefficients, and drug distribution coefficients (apparent partition coefficients) have been investigated for a number of narcotics and, where possible, for their congener narcotic antagonists. These studies were carried out by a microelectrometric titration technique as a function of temperature and pH. This method enables one to determine not only the dissociation constants to deconvolute overlapping pKa's, but also to determine the solubilities of oil-water distribution of these various drugs. The drug distribution coefficients displayed marked sensitivity to pH at values which span the range of attainable human physiological pH values. This has significant pharmacological implications for proper choice and scaling of drug dosages under various clinical situations. The partition coefficients and drug distribution coefficients were noticeably different at 20 degrees (where such measurements are customarily made) than at 37 degrees (body temperature). Furthermore, various drugs exhibit very nonequivalent increases in drug distribution coefficients with increasing temperature, ranginf from 21% for morephine to 200% for naltrexone. This nonregularity indicates that it will not be valid to extrapolate by any constant factor the measurements made at lower temperatures. Even the true partition coefficients increase with temperature from 20 degrees to 37 degrees. There is more of a difference in the drug distribution coefficients for naloxone and naltrexone than might have been expected from the similarities in their structures with naltrexone being significantly less lipophilic than naloxone. This would imply that this would lead to naloxone having a more rapid onset for antagonist activity and likewise a shorter duration of action than naltrexone.
Using Multi-Task Learning For Large-Scale Document Classification (2013)

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) involves learning of multiple tasks, jointly. It seeks to improve the generalization performance of each task by leveraging the relationships among the different tasks. It is an advanced concept of Single-Task Learning (STL), most widely used in classification. In STL, each task is considered to be independent and learnt independently whereas in MTL, multiple tasks are learnt simultaneously by utilizing task relatedness. The main intuition is that the training signal present in related tasks can help each of the tasks learn better models. It also allows for learning of better models with fewer labeled examples. In this thesis our focus is on improving the classification performance for a database categorized as a hierarchy and archiving large number of documents. We focus on improving the classification performance of this database (source) by developing a MTL based model. In this model we use an external database to facilitate the classification process for the source database. We have used the logistic regression model for multiple classification tasks and k-nearest neighbor approach for finding the similarities between the classes in two hierarchical databases. The kNN allows us to de fine task relationships. Experiment on sampled DMOZ dataset has been done to evaluate the performance of MTL with STL, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) and Transfer Learning (TL). We have also used random projections for achieving better runtime performance at a minimal effect on classification accuracy.
System tests for Enterprise JavaBeans and Java based Applications with TTCN-3 (2006)

17 S.
Slicing embryos gently with laser light sheets (2012)

Light sheet microscopy is an easy to implement and extremely powerful alternative to established fluorescence imaging techniques such as laser scanning confocal, multi-photon and spinning disk microscopy. By illuminating the sample only with a thin slice of light, photo-bleaching is reduced to a minimum, making light sheet microscopy ideal for non-destructive imaging of fragile samples over extended periods of time. Millimeter-sized samples can be imaged rapidly with high resolution and high depth penetration. A large variety of instruments have been developed and optimized for a number of different samples: Bessel beams form thin light sheets for single cells, and selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) offers multi-view acquisition to image entire embryos with isotropic resolution. This review explains how light sheet microscopy involves a conceptually new microscope design and how it changes modern imaging in biology.