gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post traumatic rupture of right hemidiaphragm: a delayed presentation (2011)

Post traumatic rupture diaphragm is a very rare phenomenon. Its incidence is about 0.8% to 5.8% as mentioned in various series of blunt trauma.
It is always challenging to diagnose such cases due to its rarity and this delay in diagnosis results in increased morbidity and sometimes results in fatal outcome. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose such cases.
Hypericin-induced apoptosis of human malignant glioma cells is light-dependent, independent of bcl-2 expression, and does not require wild-type p53 (1997)

Hypericin and tamoxifen are experimental agents for the adjuvant chemotherapy of malignant glioma. We report that hypericin and tamoxifen induce apoptosis of 7 human malignant glioma cell lines in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Illumination is essential for the cytotoxicity of hypericin but not tamoxifen. Apoptosis is unaffected by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis or free radical scavengers, does not require wild-type p53 activity, and occurs in glioma cells expressing high levels of bcl-2. There is no correlation between hypericin and tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity and inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Ectopic expression of a murine bcl-2 transgene provides modest protection from tamoxifen but does not affect hypericin toxicity. Hypericin and tamoxifen do not modulate glioma cell killing induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or CD95 ligand. Both drugs augment the acute cytotoxicity of various cancer chemotherapy drugs but fail to shift their EC50 values in modified colony formation assays. These data do not provide further supportive evidence how to enhance the limited efficacy of tamoxifen treatment for human malignant glioma. However, hypericin is a promising agent for the treatment of malignant glioma if local photodynamic activation of hypericin in the glioma tissue can be achieved.
Macular colour contrast sensitivity in ocular hypertension and glaucoma: evidence for two types of defect. (1991)

Colour contrast sensitivity (CCS) of a large cohort of glaucomatous patients, ocular hypertensive patients (OH), and normal persons was measured at six-month intervals during a two-year period. The OHs were graded into high, medium, and low risk groups. 69% of glaucomatous patients and 32% of all OHs had CCS thresholds greater than the mean plus 2 SDs of the controls. Satisfactory specificity and sensitivity could not be obtained by adjusting the criterion of threshold. In abnormal eyes, progressive small increases of threshold occurred during the study, but glaucomatous eyes with normal thresholds on the first visit retained normal thresholds in the subsequent visits. Although our system is very sensitive and precise, the proportion of abnormalities detected is no greater than with other techniques. In some glaucomatous patients there is a true preservation of colour vision which does not merely reflect the limitations of the test employed.
Novel mixed polyanions lithium-ion battery cathode materials predicted by high-throughput ab initio computations (2011)

The discovery of new chemistries outperforming current lithium intercalation cathodes is of major technological importance. In this context, polyanionic systems with the potential to exchange multiple electrons per transition metal are particularly interesting because they could combine the safety of polyanion systems with higher specific energy. In this paper, we report on a series of new mixed polyanions compounds of formula AxM(YO3)(XO4) (with A = Na, Li; X = Si, As, P; Y = C, B; M = a redox active metal; and x = 0 to 3) identified by high-throughput ab initio computing. The computed stability of both lithium and sodium-based compounds is analyzed along with the voltage, specific energy and energy density of the lithium-based compounds. This analysis suggests several novel carbonophosphates and carbonosilicates as potential high capacity (>200 mAh/g) and specific energy (>700 Wh/kg) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Fish Furunculosis 1952–1966 (1968)

A review is made of the furunculosis literature based on a bibliography of papers published from 1952–1966. It is noted that furunculosis is still a serious problem. Rapid diagnostic procedures have been developed. New therapeutic drugs have been introduced for treatment of sulfa resistant strains of A. salmonicida. Genetic resistance to and oral immunization against furunculosis show promise but require further study.
Chemical degradation of polyurethanes: Degradation of flexible polyester polyurethane foam by phosphonic acid dialkyl esters (2000)

Flexible polyurethane foam based on toluene diisocyanate and polyester polyol has been liquefied by treatment with either dimethyl phosphonate (CH3O)2P(O)H or diethyl phosphonate (C2H5O)2P(O)H at 160°C. The product degraded has been studies by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The likely reaction mechanism is presented. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2565–2573, 2000
Development and Evaluation of a Computer Ordering System for TDM. (2002)

We developed a computer ordering system for TDM in August 1998. This is a constituent of the total computer systems in our hospital, and comprises of two parts of practice, one part for the physician's ordering TDM and the role of pharmacist's in TDM. The system for pharmacists has predominantly five functions, including the check of objects to be examined, an acceptance of the objects, input of examined results, reference to the patient's TDM history, and dosage planning to be offered to physicians. Most of the 28 pharmacists contacted by questionnaire in our hospital pharmacy considered this system to be useful for improving the performance of TDM treatments, but found some incomplete information on patients, which was attributable to physician's incorrect ordering procedure in the database for dosage planning. This was due to the fact that physicians can easily input an order without accurate or the latest patient information. Therefore, the present ordering system for TDM was shown to still need improvement.
Diastereoselection in an aqueous Diels–Alder reaction: a formal total synthesis of the Inhoffen–Lythgoe diol (1988)

A formal synthesis of the Inhoffen–Lythgoe diol (1) featuring a novel intermolecular Diels–Alder strategy wherein an intact C(20) stereocentre as part of a diene unit is used to elaborate directly the stereocentres at C(13) and C(17) of the hydrindan ring system of (1), is reported.
Use of RNA interference to investigate gene function in the (2003)

We describe the successful use of the reverse genetic technique RNA interference (RNAi) to investigate gene function in the human filarial nematode parasite Brugia malayi. We used fluorescently labelled double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to demonstrate that 300 bp molecules are able to enter adult females in culture while they remain excluded from microfilariae (mf). We have developed an optimised microvolume culture system to allow the exposure of parasites to high concentrations of dsRNA for extended periods. Culturing of adult female parasites in this system for 24 h does not significantly reduce parasite lifespan or mf release in culture. Three B. malayi genes, -tubulin (Bm-tub-1), RNA polymerase II large subunit (Bm-ama-1) and B. malayimf sheath protein 1/mf22 (Bm-shp-1) were targeted by soaking adult female B. malayi in dsRNA complementary to these transcripts in the optimised culture system. Targeting of the two housekeeping genes Bm-tub-1 and Bm-ama-1led to a reduction in the levels of their transcripts, as assessed by reverse transcriptase coupled PCR (RT-PCR), and resulted in parasite death in culture. In contrast, targeting of the Bm-shp-1 gene was not lethal to adult females in culture. A marked reduction in mf release was observed for shp-1 RNAi parasites compared to controls and in addition 50% of mf released did not have fully elongated sheaths. This “short” phenotype correlated with the loss of the stockpiled shp-1 transcript from developing mf in treated adult female gonads. From these data we conclude that RNAi may be a useful method for assessment of drug target potential of genes identified in filarial gene discovery projects. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 © 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. 22
Vasoconstrictor effects of various neuropeptide Y analogues on the rat tail artery in the presence of phenylephrine (1993)

1. The increase in perfusion pressure induced by neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and related peptides were compared in the perfused rat tail artery precontracted by a submaximal concentration (1 microM) of the vasoconstrictor, phenylephrine. 2. NPY, PYY, [Leu31,Pro34]NPY, [Glu16,Ser18,Ala22,Leu28,31]NPY (ESALL-NPY) and the centrally truncated and stabilized analogues [D-Cys5,8-aminooctanoic acid7-20, Cys24]-NPY (D-Cys5-NPY) and [D-Cys7, 8-aminooctanoic acid8-17,Cys20]-NPY (D-Cys7-NPY) produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of the vasoconstrictor response induced by 1 microM phenylephrine. PYY was two times more potent than NPY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY while ESALL-NPY, D-Cys7-NPY and D-Cys5-NPY were approximately 3, 5 and 16 times less potent than NPY respectively. NPY, D-Cys5-NPY and D-Cys7-NPY gave similar maximal responses whereas those observed for PYY, [Leu31,Pro34]NPY and ESALL-NPY were much greater than that of NPY. 3. NPY 13-36 and [des-Ser3,Lys4,Cys2,8-aminooctanoic acid3-24, D-Cys27]-NPY ([es-Ser3,Lys4]Cys2-NPY) were practically inactive at concentrations up to 3 microM, whereas [des-Ser3,Lys4,D-Cys2,8-aminooctanoic acid3-24,Cys27]-NPY ([des-Ser3,Lys4]D-Cys2-NPY), which differs from [des-Ser3,Lys4]Cys2-NPY in the disulphide bridge (a D-Cys in position 2 for [des-Ser3,Lys4]D-Cys2-NPY instead of an L-CYs for [des-Ser3,Lys4]Cys2-NPY) was a weak agonist the maximal effect of which could not be ascertained. 4. The contractile effects of [des-Ser3,Lys4]D-Cys2-NPY were additive with those of NPY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY demonstrating that it is not a partial agonist but may simply not interact competitively with the receptor binding site for NPY. NPY and PYY interacted in a manner expected of agonists competing for the same binding site.5. PYY, NPY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY were equipotent in displacing the I125-labelled PYY from binding sites on membranes from Y1-receptor expressing SK-N-MC cells, while the centrally truncated analogues were much less potent. The rank order of potencies for displacement of the I125-PYY binding by these peptides in SK-N-MC cells correlated with their activity in enhancing the vasoconstrictor response of phenylephrine in the tail artery. For the [des-Ser3,Lys4]D-Cys2-NPY analogue, the displacement pattern was more complex in that the displacement analysis revealed the presence of two binding sites.6. In conclusion, these data provide no evidence for other than postjunctional Y1-receptors mediating the enhancement of the contractile response elicited by phenylephrine in the perfused rat tail artery. The effects of [des-Ser3,Lys4]D-Cys2-NPY indicate that the Y1-receptor may possess an allosteric binding site.
Preparing Low-Surface-Energy Polymer Materials by Minimizing Intermolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions (2009)

In this study, we found that poly(vinyl phenol)/polybenzoxazine (PVPh/PBZ) copolymers feature low surface energies when they possess a minimal number of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. For example, PVPh/PBZ = 30/70 exhibits an extremely low surface energy of 16.8 mJ/m2 after thermal curing—even lower than that of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (22.0 mJ/m2)—based on calculations performed using a two-liquid geometric method. Infrared spectroscopic analyses indicated that a decrease in the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the PVPh/PBZ copolymers resulted in a lower surface free energy. An increase in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding did, however, enhance the thermal properties, namely, the glass-transition temperature, the thermal decomposition temperature, and the char yield. The manipulation of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions is a unique and simple approach toward preparing low-surface-energy materials without the need to employ fluoropolymers or silicones.
Incorporating String Search in a Hypertext System: User Interface and Signature File Design Issues (1990)

Hypertext systems provide an appealing mechanism for informally browsing databases by traversing selectable links. However, in many fact finding situations string search is an effective complement to browsing. This paper describes the application of the signature file method to achieve rapid and convenient string search in small personal computer hypertext environments. The method has been implemented in a prototype, as well as in a commercial product. Performance data for search times and storage space are presented from a commercial hypertext database. User interface issues are then discussed. Experience with the string search interface indicates that it was used successfully by novice users.
Paper 8: Ring Lasers: Principles and Applications (1968)

The use of a circulatory ring resonator in a laser produces a device which can detect very small rotations and mass flows. The basic operation of ring lasers is discussed, together with their limitations and practical realization. A review is given of present-day progress in gyroscopes and contactless flowmeters.
Disposition of fosinopril sodium in healthy subjects. (1988)

1 Fosinopril sodium is the first phosphorus-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to be studied clinically as an antihypertensive agent. It is an ester prodrug that is hydrolysed in vivo to the active diacid ACE inhibitor, SQ 27, 519. 2 In a three-way crossover study, nine healthy male subjects (age range 20-34 years) each received an intravenous 7.5 mg dose of SQ 27, 519-[14C] and two oral 10 mg doses of [14C]-fosinopril sodium, administered as a capsule and in solution. 3 After the intravenous dose of SQ 27, 519, the 0 to 96 h recovery of radioactivity averaged 44 and 46% of the dose in urine and faeces, respectively, indicating substantial biliary secretion. Only intact SQ 27, 519 was detected in the plasma, urine, and faeces following the intravenous dose of SQ 27, 519. 4 After oral doses of fosinopril sodium, about 75% of the radioactivity in plasma and urine was present as SQ 27, 519; the remainder corresponded mainly to a beta-glucuronide conjugate of SQ 27, 519 (15-20%), and a monohydroxylated analogue of SQ 27, 519 (about 5%). Negligible amounts of fosinopril sodium were present, indicating complete hydrolysis of the prodrug. 5 For the solution and capsule doses, respectively, the oral absorption of fosinopril sodium averaged 32% and 36% and the oral bioavailability of SQ 27, 519 averaged 25% and 29%. 6 The average values for clearance (39 ml min-1), renal clearance (17 ml min-1), Vss (10 1), and plasma protein binding (approximately 95%), indicated that SQ 27, 519 was slowly cleared from the body and not distributed extensively into extravascular sites.
Ridge alterations following implant placement in fresh extraction sockets: an experimental study in the dog (2005)

Marked dimensional alterations had occurred in the edentulous ridge after 3 months of healing following the extraction of the distal root of mandibular pre-molars. The placement of an implant in the fresh extraction site obviously failed to prevent the re-modelling that occurred in the walls of the socket. The resulting height of the buccal and lingual walls at 3 months was similar at implants and edentulous sites and vertical bone loss was more pronounced at the buccal than at the lingual aspect of the ridge. It is suggested that the resorption of the socket walls that occurs following tooth removal must be considered in conjunction with implant placement in fresh extraction sockets.
Untethered Trailer Tracking Control System Final Report (2005)

The security of truck operations is a major component of a secure national transportation system. Commercial motor vehicles are not only potential targets of attack, but they can also be used as a means of transferring destructive materials within the country and as weapons to attack other targets. The House of Representatives Report 107-722, Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2003, stated that further development of existing trailer tracking systems was essential. As a result, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) conducted a pilot test of an untethered trailer tracking (UTT) system with the expanded functions specified in the congressional report. For this project, FMCSA worked in partnership with a review team comprised of governmental and industry participants for expert opinions and review for this project. The purpose of this pilot test was to test a UTT system that meets specific functional requirements and improves the safety and security of trailers and shipments at each phase of its movement. The UTT system included: near real-time trailer identification; accurate time of connection and disconnection activities; location and mapping of trailers; geo-fencing to identify a risk area or unscheduled trailer movement; remote sensing of a loaded or empty trailer; and security of the cargo door. The pilot test was conducted using three operational scenarios. Scenario 1 involved national truckload delivery of standard dry van deliveries. Scenario 2 involved a national truckload delivery of high value retail clothing and electronics. Scenario 3 included the regional truckload of Class 1.1 – 1.6 Explosives. Each scenario included 25 trailers, with various combinations of UTT system components installed on the trailers. Following a period of specification, systems design, and prototype testing, the UTT technologies were then installed and tested on the trailers over a 3-month period per scenario from October 2004 through January 2005. Data from field testing, staged tests, and expert opinions were collected to determine the functionality of the UTT system and potential improvements in security, safety and efficiency through the use of the UTT system.
Resistance to <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> is associated with interferon‐γ and interleukin‐2 cytokines in infected mice (2001)

The understanding of the immunopathology of infections caused by microsporidia has pinpointed the importance of T cell-mediated immunity. The immunopathology caused by the interesting protozoan parasite Encephalitozoon intestinalis, a microsporidium pathogenic in man, is not clearly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that a specific cellular immune response is implicated in the control of microsporidiosis infection in mice. Interferon (IFN)-gamma receptor knockout mice (IFN-gamma R(o/o)) developed a chronic infection with E. intestinalis, whereas a transient infection developed in wild-type mice. Encephalitozoon intestinalis proteins induced proliferation of murine spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells collected from infected mice. The host response to microsporidia infection was regulated by a specific pattern of cytokine protection. Spleen cells derived from resistant 129 Sv/Ev mice inoculated with E. intestinalis secreted significant levels of gamma-interferon and interleukin-2 but cells from highly susceptible IFN-gamma R knockout mice secreted high levels of interleukin-4 (mostly between 2 and 4 weeks post infection). This is the first report in which a specific cellular immune response against E. intestinalis infection is presented.
Inventory Fluctuations and Price Discrimination: The Determinants of Price Variation in Car Retailing (2005)

We show that variation in prices for new cars are in part the result of scarcity rents.Consistent with theoretical predictions, a dealership moving from a situation of shortage to one of ample inventory lowers transaction prices by about 1% ceteris paribus, or $230 on the average car.Shorter resupply times also decrease transaction prices for cars in excess demand.Transaction prices for cars in excess supply are more responsive to inventory variables at the end of the model year.Consumers pay lower prices when dealers' total inventory is high and when inventory of the purchased car at neighboring dealers is relatively high.For traditional dealerships, inventory explains 21% of the combined inventory and demographic components of the predicted price.For so-called "no-haggle" dealerships, the percentage explained by inventory increases to 51% (for Autonation dealers) and 65% (for Saturn dealer).
Discriminating lymphomas and reactive lymphadenopathy in lymph node biopsies by gene expression profiling (2011)

This study highlights the ability of gene expression profiling to distinguish lymphoma from reactive conditions and classify the major subtypes of lymphoma in a diagnostic setting. A cost-effective single platform "mini-chip" assay could, in principle, be developed to aid the quick diagnosis of lymph node biopsies with the potential to incorporate other pathological entities into such an assay.
Detection of photothermal effect by laser speckle strain gauge (1997)

A new method for simple and sensitive detection of photothermal strain caused by laser irradiation of plastic plates has been proposed. In-plane strain of the surface is detected directly by optoelectronic detection of speckle displacements at two symmetrical positions about a probe beam. The initial bending of the plate owing to the temperature gradient along the plate thickness is measured and shows good agreement with one-dimensional calculations.
Bacterial detoxification of Hg(II) and organomercurials (1999)

The most common bacterial mechanism for resistance to mercuric-ion species involves intracellular reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0). Key proteins of the pathway typically include: MerR, which regulates pathway expression; MerP, which protects the external environment; MerT or MerC, which transport Hg(II) species across the inner membrane; MerA, which catalyses reduction of Hg(II); and sometimes MerB, which catalyses cleavage of C-Hg bonds in organomercurials. Cysteine residues of varying number are arranged in each of the key proteins to optimize their unique roles in sensing (high affinity), transporting (exchangeability), and reducing (redox accessibility) Hg(II). Nature's regulator of this pathway, MerR, is an exquisitely sensitive, Hg(II)-binding, DNA-binding protein that holds the system primed for immediate transcription at the slightest influx of Hg(II).
The Impact of Music Activities in a Multi-Sensory Room for Children with Multiple Disabilities on Developing Positive Emotions: a Case Study (2016)

The idea of a multi-sensory environment (MSE) is not only to provide stimulation for users with disabilities, but also to be calming. Through many studies by the research team, the results had proven the effectiveness of using music activities in multisensory environments for children with various types of disabilities. The purpose of the study was to duplicate the use of the multisensory environment teaching approach with music activities on developing positive emotions and other areas of development for a child with multiple disabilities. A 3 year-old boy with multiple disabilities was selected by purposive sampling to participate in the study. This was a 12-week study, with 50-minute sessions once per week in a group setting. Prior to the formal teaching, 4 observations were taken to determine the participant’s current condition. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assess the results. The results showed the positive impact of using music activities on increasing positive emotions for the participant in the multisensory environment. Furthermore, the finding for the participant’s communication skills, social interaction with peers and level of intelligence were improved when the research sessions were assessed.