gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insertional mutagenesis and characterization of a polyketide synthase gene () required for melanin biosynthesis in (2004)

A polyketide synthase gene named PKS1, involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway of the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris oryzae, was isolated using restriction enzyme-mediated integration. Sequence analysis showed that the PKS1 encodes a putative protein that has 2155 amino acids and significant similarity to other fungal polyketide synthases. Targeted disruption of the PKS1 gene showed that it is necessary for melanin biosynthesis in B. oryzae. Northern blot analysis showed that PKS1 transcripts were specifically enhanced by near-ultraviolet radiation (300-400 nm) and that its temporal transcriptional patterns were similar to those of THR1 and SCD1 genes involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway of B. oryzae.
Pepzyme Dynamics and Conformation: A Molecular Dynamics Study in Water (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPepzyme Dynamics and Conformation: A Molecular Dynamics Study in WaterTami J. Marrone and J. Andrew McCammonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6987–6988Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
JC-1: a very sensitive fluorescent probe to test Pgp activity in adult acute myeloid leukemia (2001)

One of the best-characterized resistance mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the drug extrusion mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Recently the results of workshops organized by several groups concluded that accurate measurement of low activity of Pgp is a difficult goal in clinical samples. Therefore, highly sensitive and specific assays were developed to assess the functionality of Pgp using JC-1, a fluorescent molecule with the different emission wavelength (green and red fluorescence) according to its concentration in 129 AML samples. It was shown that JC-1 (green and red bands) may define 3 groups of patients: resistant (R) (29% of patients), intermediate (I) (36%), and sensitive (S) (35%). In contrast, rhodamine 123 assay detected only the R group defined by JC-1. Nevertheless, the I group has an intermediate expression of Pgp (0.39, 0.29, and 0.19 for the R, I, and S groups, respectively, P =.002), an intermediate biologic profile (percentage of CD34, 95%, 67%, and 44%, respectively, P <.0001; in vitro resistance to daunorubicin, 94 microM, 20 microM, and 12 microM, respectively, P =. 02), and an intermediate prognosis (achievement of complete remission, 55%, 65%, and 87%, P =.006; 3-year disease-free survival, 11%, 16%, and 36%, respectively, P =.005; and 3-year overall survival, 0%, 20%, and 51%, respectively, P <.0001). Therefore, JC-1 appeared to be a more convenient and simple way to detect a functional Pgp in clinical AML samples than rhodamine 123. (Blood. 2001;97:502-508)
Real-Time 3D Sonar Modeling And Visualization (1998)

Virtual world simulations are realistic when each individual component is simulated in a manner that reflects reality. For an underwater virtual world that simulates acoustic detection, a physically based sonar propagation model is required if ranges in excess of tens of meters are expected. This thesis creates an application programming interface (API) for real-time 3D computation and visualization of acoustic energy propagation. The API provides features for generating complex physically based sonar information at interaction rates, and then visualizing that acoustic information. The simulation is programmed in Java and runs either as a stand-alone program or as a script in a web browser. This program generates Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML 97) compliant code that can be viewed from any VRML-capable browser. This approach allows the characteristics of the energy propagation to be calculated with high precision and observed in 3D. As sonar system information bandwidth becomes larger, more intuitive ways of presenting information to a user will be required. Higher information density in a more intuitive format can free the user from integrating the data himself and allow quicker reaction times. This thesis and the API provide the foundation for fundamental advances in sonar modeling and visualization.
Improved TEM samples of semiconductors prepared by a small‐angle cleavage technique (1993)

A small-angle cleavage technique has been developed that produces superior transmission electron microscope (TEM) samples of semiconductors and related materials. The technique involves back-thinning the sample to approximately 100 microns, then scribing a groove on this back face at a specified small angle to a standard cleavage plane. The sample is cleaved along this scribe line followed by cleaving along the standard cleavage plane to produce a thin wedged sample. Samples prepared by this method are characterized and compared with conventional and low-angle ion milled samples. The technique is illustrated, and the characteristic geometry of the cleaved sample is explained in terms of a simplified cleavage model.
A Novel Random Access for Fixed-Location Machine-to-Machine Communications in OFDMA Based Systems (2012)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications typically exhibit features such as a large number of devices, low data-rates, small-sized packets, and low or no mobility, while human-to-human (H2H) communications typically support a small number of users, high data-rates, large-sized packets, and high mobility. To support M2M communications in future cellular systems, one of the most challenging problems is to resolve a collision problem in random access because of access attempts from a large number of devices. For a large class of fixed-location M2M services such as smart metering and remote sensing, each machine device has fixed uplink timing alignment (TA) due to a fixed distance between the machine device and its eNodeB. We propose a novel random access scheme based on its fixed TA information for M2M communications at a large number of fixed-location machine devices in future orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based cellular systems like Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. The proposed random access scheme yields significantly lower collision probability, shorter access delay, and higher energy-efficiency, compared with the conventional random access scheme.
Micro/nanotechnology for the satellite world (2003)

The evolution of ever-smaller microfabrication techniques, driven by market demand, has lead to multi-million transistor devices as a single piece part. Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) nanoelectronics will be mass-produced by the year 2004 when lateral structures smaller than 100-nm will become common. Beyond the next ten years the future is less certain, but other technologies such as nanometer-scale single electron transistors provide an idea of what may be possible in 20-to-25 years. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which bring "eyes, ears, noses, and muscles" (sensing and actuation) to electronic systems, are fabricated using similar processes and will benefit from decreasing minimum feature size over time. Nanoelectronics and nanoelectromechanical systems will evolve over the next decade to provide ever-higher levels of functional density per unit area. The continuing increase in functional density will enable decreased spacecraft system size, and ultra-small spacecraft. Examples of prototype microengineered attitude determination and propulsion systems are given.
Dispersed CuO Nanoparticles on a Silicon Nanowire for Improved Performance of Nonenzymatic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Detection (2014)

A finely dispersed CuO nanoparticle electrocatalyst on a silicon nanowire (SiNW) was achieved via a designed, precursor-mediated strategy by combining metal-assisted chemical etching, electroless deposition, and thermal oxidation. The CuO assembled on silicon nanowires (CuO-SiNWs) showed a competent sensitivity of 22.27 μA/mM, a wider linear range from 0.01 to 13.18 mM, and a comparable detection limit of 1.6 μM (3S/N) for nonenzymatic H2O2 detection. The archetype sensor also demonstrated eligible selectivity against common interfering species. By the introduction of the SiNW carrier, which led to mitigated conglomeration of the electrocatalyst and a favorable microstructure of the electrocatalyst-carrier system, improved signal-concentration linearity and higher electrocatalyst utilization efficiency were obtained with CuO-SiNWs. These results demonstrated the feasibility of the synthetic strategy and the potential of the nanocomposite as a promising candidate for H2O2 sensing.
Clinical Significance of Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Various Liver Diseases (2003)

We investigated the clinical significance of telomerase activity and telomere length in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and chronic liver diseases. Telomerase activity was assessed quantitatively using 'Stretch PCR' assay and telomere length by Southern blotting in 24 HCCs, 2 focal nodular hyperplasia, 8 liver cirrhosis, 10 chronic hepatitis and 8 histologically normal livers. The latter were obtained from normal sections of resected specimens of cholangiocellular carcinoma, metastatic liver tumor or hemangioma. The relative titers of telomerase activity (RTA) were significantly higher in HCCs (average, 54 units) than in chronic liver diseases (average, 0.6 units) (P<0.001). In comparison, RTA was less than 2 units in non-malignant liver tissues. Telomere length in cirrhotic liver tissues was significantly shorter than in normal livers and tended to be shorter than those in chronic hepatitis. Telomere length and RTA correlated with the grading of tissue derangement in chronic liver diseases. Our results suggest that RTA estimated by Stretch PCR assay might be clinically useful for accurate diagnosis of liver diseases, particularly HCCs. In addition, telomere length seems to having a possibility as a useful predictor for risk of hepatocarcinogenesis.
A Formal Foundation for Secure Remote Execution of Enclaves (2017)

Recent proposals for trusted hardware platforms, such as Intel SGX and the MIT Sanctum processor, offer compelling security features but lack formal guarantees. We introduce a verification methodology based on a trusted abstract platform (TAP), a formalization of idealized enclave platforms along with a parameterized adversary. We also formalize the notion of secure remote execution and present machine-checked proofs showing that the TAP satisfies the three key security properties that entail secure remote execution: integrity, confidentiality and secure measurement. We then present machine-checked proofs showing that SGX and Sanctum are refinements of the TAP under certain parameterizations of the adversary, demonstrating that these systems implement secure enclaves for the stated adversary models.
Mixing in Process Vessels Used in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing (2000)

The use of nonbaffled vessels for mixing applications is becoming common in the biopharmaceutical industry but is not sufficiently well studied. Orientation of the impellers off-centered and/or at an angle is necessary to enhance mixing and eliminate swirling that would result without a baffle in a standard tank. This study focuses on characterizing mixing in vessels with the hydrofoil axial flow impellers mounted off-center at 10 degrees to the vertical. Geometrically similar vessels ranging from 100 to 5000 L working volume were used in this study. Mixing performance was successfully correlated to vessel geometric factors.
Facile syntheses of the enantiomers of sulcatol (1979)

The synthesis of R-(−)- and S-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol (sulcatol) from commercially available ethyl S-(−)-lactate via chiral methyloxiranes is reported. Both substances have crystalline intermediates in their synthetic routes insuring high optical purity. The necessity for a simple route to S-(+)-sulcatol results from the identification of this chiral substance in the pheromone complement of Gnathotricusretusus, a northwestern American timber pest.
Unobtrusive health monitoring system using video-based physiological information and activity measurements (2015)

The progressive aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases are some of the major challenges of current society. This paper aims to illustrate an innovative approach to pervasive health monitoring based on state of the art technology. The proposed solution is based on two main agents: a non-contact health monitoring system embedded in a mirror-like device and a non-invasive and automatic activity monitoring system embedded in a watch-like device. Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) are extracted from the user;s face by the mirror-like device. Physical Activity (PA) is extracted from the user;s activity by the wearable watch-like device. The health monitoring system proposed in this paper works in an unobtrusive way tracking the user;s health status without interaction.
Nonspecific activation of murine lymphocytes. I. Proliferation and polyclonal activation induced by 2-mercaptoethanol and alpha-thioglycerol. (1977)

The effect of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and alpha-thioglycerol (alpha TG) on proliferation and polyclonal activation of lymphocytes was studied in cultures of spleen cells from C3H mice. Inclusion in serum-free or serum-containing medium of the optimal concentration (5 x 10(-5) M) of either 2-ME or alpha TG resulted in highly significant uptake and incorporation of tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) into DNA and in morphological blast transformation. These phenomena were dose-dependent, with both lower and higher doses causing less marked effects. The kinetic peak of these responses was found to occur at day 3 of culture. Improved cellular viability could not explain these results, because by day 3 there was no significant difference in viability between cells cultured in the presence or absence of 2-ME. 2-ME evoked a proliferative response in cultures of congenitally athymic (nu/nu) spleen cells that exhibited a similar but lower dose-response profile compared with that of heterozygous (nu/+) littermates. Cultures of bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, generated by treatment of spleen cells with rabbit antithymocyte serum and complement, incorporated [3H]TdR to a degree at least equal to that of normal spleen cell cultures. Thymus-dependent (T) cells did not support significant 2-ME, alpha TG, or Concanavalin A responses in the absence of serum. However, when cultured in 5% fetal calf serum, definite T-cell responses occurred, though always of a lower magnitude than B-cell responses in this system. When the enriched B-cell and T-cell preparations were co-cultured, a synergistic response was noted. Macrophage dependency of the 2-ME and alpha TG effect was shown to be minimal. It is likely that the greater effectiveness of alpha TG relative to 2-ME is due to differences in the chemical structure of these two thiol compounds. The advantages of utilizing 2-ME and alpha TG as probes in the study of lymphocyte activation are evaluated and their possible mechanisms of action are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Generation of Alkyl, Aminyl, and Alkoxy Radicals from Se‐Phenyl Benzoselenohydroximate Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Channel estimation using DPSS based frames (2008)

Accurate and sparse representation of a moderately fast fading channel using bases functions is achievable when both channel and bases bands align. If a mismatch exists, usually a larger number of bases functions is needed to achieve the same accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for channel estimation based on frames, which preserves sparsity and improves estimation accuracy. Members of the frame are formed by modulating and varying the band-width of discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSS) in order to reflect various scattering scenarios. To achieve the sparsity of the proposed representation, a matching pursuit approach is employed. The estimation accuracy of the scheme is evaluated and compared with the accuracy of a Slepian basis expansion estimator based on DPSS for a variety of mobile channel parameters. The results clearly indicate that for the same number of atoms, a significantly higher estimation accuracy is achievable with the proposed scheme when compared to the DPSS estimator.
Quantized-state control: a method for discrete event control of continuous systems (2003)

Abstract — This paper introduces a new method for the digital implementation of con-trollers designed in continuous time. Through the quantization of its state and input variables the original continuous controller is mapped into a discrete event model within the DEVS formalism framework that can be implemented in a digital device. Under certain conditions on the original continuous control system (CCS), this implementation guarantees regional con-vergence in finite time of system trajectories to arbitrarily small regions around the equilib-rium points even in the presence of A/D and D/A quantization effects. The convergence of the new scheme to the CCS is demonstrated when the quantization width goes to zero. Fur-ther, a design algorithm for the digital con-troller is given, which fulfills specifications of admissible final error and convergence speed. Also discussed is the computational efficiency of the scheme, along practical implementation issues. Two numerical examples are provided illustrating some benefits of the new method.
Micromagnetic studies of inhomogeneous CoPtCr bicrystal thin-film media (1996)

The effects of medium inhomogeneities in microstructure and exchange configuration are studied by using micromagnetic simulation. Two types of media are studied: one has a uniform bicrystal structure and another has a partial bicrystal structure with 20% random nonbicrystal sites. The comparison of magnetic (M-H loops) and recording properties (transition profiles and noise) for these two types of media are made under two cases with homogeneous or inhomogeneous intergranular exchange coupling. It is found that the introduction of random nonbicrystal sites reduces the medium noise in the case with homogeneous intergranular exchange, while medium noise is barely affected in the case with inhomogeneous intergranular exchange.
Restraining Infarct Expansion Preserves Left Ventricular Geometry and Function After Acute Anteroapical Infarction (1999)

Background —Expansion of an acute myocardial infarction predicts progressive left ventricular (LV) dilatation, functional deterioration, and early death. This study tests the hypothesis that restraining expansion of an acute infarction preserves LV geometry and resting function. Methods and Results —In 23 sheep, snares were placed around the distal left anterior descending and second diagonal coronary arteries. In 12 sheep, infarct deformation was prevented by Marlex mesh placed over the anticipated myocardial infarct. Snared arteries were occluded 10 to 14 days later. Serial hemodynamic measurements and transdiaphragmatic quantitative echocardiograms were obtained up to 8 weeks after anteroapical infarction of 0.23 of LV mass. In sheep with mesh, circulatory hemodynamics, stroke work, and end-systolic elastance return to preinfarction values 1 week after infarction and do not change subsequently. Ventricular volumes and ejection fraction do not change after the first week postinfarction. Control animals develop large anteroapical ventricular aneurysms, increasing LV dilatation, and progressive deterioration in circulatory hemodynamics and ventricular function. At week 8, differences in LV end-diastolic pressure, cardiac output, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, stroke work, and end-systolic elastance are significant ( P <0.01) between groups. Conclusions —Preventing expansion of acute myocardial infarctions preserves LV geometry and function.
Organ Culture of Fetal Mouse and Fetal Human Pancreatic Islets for Allografting (1982)

In organ culture of fetal human and fetal murine pancreas under "conventional" conditions (10% CO2 in air), the islet cells of both species survive, proliferate and function but the acinar tissue rapidly degenerates. Fetal mouse islet cells also survive in 90% O2 and 10% CO2 but nonendocrine cells, including fibroblasts and macrophages, degenerate. Fetal mouse islets grown in 90% O2 show diminished immunogenicity when transplanted into recipients differing across the entire MHC, but a reduced allograft response by the host is frequently still present in the absence of immunosuppression. Fetal human islets, grown in 10% CO2 in air, produce insulin in vitro for prolonged periods, and as xenografts, differentiate under the kidney capsule of athymic mice, suggesting that under appropriate conditions both in vitro and in vivo, the fetal human islets can survive. However, fetal human pancreatic cells of all types are highly susceptible to high oxygen concentrations and are rapidly killed. Because of the susceptibility of fetal human pancreas to oxygen, conditions for the culture of fetal human islets for allotransplantation may need to be modified from those tolerated by fetal mouse islets. Fetal human islets may be a useful source of transplant material in human insulin-dependent diabetes, but it is likely that tissue matching and immunosuppression may be required in addition to modification of islet immunogenicity by prior organ culture.
Clinical laboratory applications of monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology is well recognized as a significant development for producing specific serologic reagents to a wide variety of antigens in unlimited amounts. These reagents have provided the means for developing a number of highly specific and reproducible immunological assays for rapid and accurate diagnosis of an extensive list of diseases, including infectious diseases. The impact that MAbs have had in characterizing infectious disease pathogens, as well as their current and future applications for use in clinical microbiology laboratories, is reviewed. In addition, the advantages (and disadvantages) of the use of MAbs in a number of immunoassays, such as particle agglutination, radioimmunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunofluorescent-antibody assays, and immunohistology, are explored, including the use of these reagents in novel test system assays. Also, nucleic acid probe technology is compared with the use of MAbs from the perspective of their respective applications in the diagnosis of infectious disease agents. There is no question that hybridoma technology has the potential to alter significantly the methods currently used in most clinical microbiology laboratories.