gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of communication networks for distributed computing (2002)

We present performance results for several high-speed networks in distributed computing environments. These networks are: HiPPI, ATM, Fibre Channel, IBM Allnode switch, FDDI, and Ethernet. These networks are parts of two testbeds: DaVinci-a cluster of 16 SGI R8000 workstations at NASA Ames-and LACE-a cluster of 96 IBM RS6000 workstations at NASA Lewis. Also, an IBM SP2 machine is considered for comparison. Several communication tests are performed and the results are presented for two programming levels: BSD socket programming interface using the program ttcp and PVM message passing library. These results show that the emerging network technologies can achieve reasonable performance under certain conditions. However, the achievable performance is still far behind the theoretical peak rates.
Comparison of model predictions with full-scale utility boiler data (1994)

Many aspects of boiler operation may be affected by a low-NO{sub x} combustion system including combustion efficiency, heat transfer and corrosion potential. Mathematical modeling provides the means to evaluate the impact of low-NO{sub x} combustion systems on boiler combustion efficiency, heat transfer performance and life. Babcock and Wilcox`s mathematical flow, combustion and heat transfer models were used during a Clean Coal Technology Demonstration project to assist the application of a novel pulverized coal burner technology. The models were used extensively in the development of the burner and to evaluate the impact on furnace performance during the full-scale demonstration. The objective of the modeling task was to provide a validated tool that could be used to assist the commercialization of the new technology. To validate the models, the predictions with the original cell burners and the new Low-NO{sub x} Cell{trademark} burners were compared with measurements taken during the baseline and post-retrofit tests. Probing was conducted through observation ports at the furnace exit and at a plane 12 m (40 ft) above the burners. Velocity, temperature, and gas species measurements were made at two boiler loads. The comparison between the predictions and the data is presented and discussed.
Endogenous <i>Jmjd6</i> gene product is expressed at the cell surface and regulates phagocytosis in immature monocyte‐like activated THP‐1 cells (2009)

A jumonji domain containing gene 6 (Jmjd6), previously referred to as phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) gene, plays an important role in cell differentiation and development of multiple organs, although mechanisms of its action are not known. The Jmjd6 gene product was initially identified as a membrane protein that participates in phagocytosis. However, the later findings that recombinant Jmjd6 in expression systems was targeted to the nucleus challenged the role of Jmjd6 as a membrane receptor. Using immunocytochemistry approach we studied the subcellular distribution of endogenous Jmjd6 protein in THP-1 cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA). We found that treatment with PMA stimulated Jmjd6 expression in the cytosol of activated cells. Furthermore, Jmjd6 initially appeared at the cell surface of immature phagocytes (1-2 days after activation) but then translocated into the nucleus of differentiated macrophage-like cells (5-9 days after activation). Anti-Jmjd6 antibodies suppressed the engulfment of dead cell corpses by THP-1 cells expressing the Jmjd6 at the cell surface. These data indicate that Jmjd6 serves as a membrane-associated receptor that regulates phagocytosis in immature macrophages but is dispensable for phagocytosis and has other functions when it is expressed in the cytosol and nucleus of mature macrophage-like cells.
Tiny Directory: Efficient Shared Memory in Many-Core Systems with Ultra-Low-Overhead Coherence Tracking (2017)

The sparse directory has emerged as a critical component for supporting the shared memory abstraction in multiand many-core chip-multiprocessors. Recent research efforts have explored ways to reduce the number of entries in the sparse directory. These include tracking coherence of private regions at a coarse grain, not tracking blocks that belong to pages identified as private by the operating system (OS), and not tracking a subset of blocks that are speculated to be private by the hardware. These techniques require support for multi-grain coherence, assistance of OS, or broadcast-based recovery on sharing an untracked block that is wrongly speculated as private. In this paper, we design a robust minimally-sized sparse directory that can offer adequate performance while enjoying the simplicity, scalability, and OS-independence of traditional broadcast-free block-grain coherence. We begin our exploration with a naïve design that does not have a sparse directory and the location/sharers of a block are tracked by borrowing a portion of the block's lastlevel cache (LLC) data way. Such a design, however, lengthens the critical path from two transactions to three transactions (two hops to three hops) for the blocks that experience frequent shared read accesses. We address this problem by architecting a tiny sparse directory that dynamically identifies and tracks a selected subset of the blocks that experience a large volume of shared accesses. We augment the tiny directory proposal with an option of selectively spilling into the LLC space for tracking the coherence of the critical shared blocks that the tiny directory fails to accommodate. Detailed simulation-based study on a 128-core system with a large set of multi-threaded applications spanning scientific, general-purpose, and commercial computing shows that our coherence tracking proposal operating with1/32 × to 1/256 × sparse directories offers performance within a percentage of a traditional 2× sparse directory.
In situ phosphorus-doped polysilicon emitter technology for very high-speed, small emitter bipolar transistors (1996)

In situ phosphorus-doped polysilicon emitter (IDP) technology for very high-speed, small-emitter bipolar transistors is studied. The device characteristics of IDP transistors are evaluated and compared with those of conventional ion-implanted polysilicon emitter transistors. IDP technology is used to fabricate double polysilicon self-aligned bipolar transistors and the I-V characteristics, current gain, transconductance, emitter resistance, and cut-off frequency are measured. In conventional transistors, these device characteristics degrade when the emitter is small because of the emitter-peripheral-thick-polysilicon effect. In IDP transistors, the peripheral effect is completely suppressed and large-grain, high-mobility polysilicon can be used. The device characteristics, therefore, are not degraded in sub-0.2-/spl mu/m emitter transistors. In addition, large-grain, high-mobility, and high phosphorus concentration IDP films increase current gain and lower emitter resistance. The use of IDP technology to build very small emitter transistors is evaluated and discussed.
Collusion-Resistant Domain-Specific Pseudonymous Signatures ⋆⋆⋆ (2013)

Abstract. At ISC 2012, Bender et al. introduced the notion of domainspecific pseudonymous signatures for ID documents. With this primitive, a user can sign with domain-specific pseudonyms, that cannot be linked across domains but that are linkable in a given domain. However, their security model assumes non-collusion of malicious users, which is a strong assumption. We therefore propose improvements to their construction. Our main contribution is a new pseudonymous signature scheme based on group signatures that is collusion-resistant. 1
Rubella virus antigens: localization of epitopes involved in hemagglutination and neutralization by using monoclonal antibodies (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the rubella virion were used to locate epitopes involved in hemagglutination and neutralization. The MAbs exhibiting high-level hemagglutination-inhibiting activity were shown by Western blot analysis to be specific for the E1 polypeptide; this is consistent with the presence of the hemagglutinin on the E1 polypeptide. Some of the E1-specific MAbs also neutralized viral infectivity. However, hemagglutination-inhibiting activity and neutralizing activity did not always correlate. Three distinct functional epitopes were identified on the E1 polypeptide by competition analyses: one which reacted with MAbs with high-level hemagglutination-inhibiting activity and with neutralizing activity, one which reacted with MAbs with low-level hemagglutination-inhibiting activity and with neutralizing activity, and one which reacted with MAbs with only hemagglutination-inhibiting activity. A MAb specific for the E2 polypeptide exhibited neutralizing activity. This E2-specific MAb and two E1-specific MAbs with neutralizing activity were capable of precipitating intact virus which indicates that at least three epitopes involved in neutralization are accessible on the surface of the virion.
A NEW STAINING TECHNIQUE FOR THE CANAL OF SCHLEMM AND ITS EMISSARIES (1961)

THE canal of Schlemm and its emissary vessels have been studied extensively by various methods. Injection of dyes (
Risk Filtering, Ranking, and Management Framework Using Hierarchical Holographic Modeling (2002)

This paper contributes a methodological framework to identify, prioritize, assess, and manage risk scenarios of a large-scale system. Qualitative screening of scenarios and classes of scenarios is appropriate initially, while quantitative assessments may be applied once the set of all scenarios (hundreds) has been prioritized in several phases. The eight-phase methodology is described in detail and is applied to operations other than war. The eight phases are as follows: Phase I, Scenario Identification-A hierarchical holographic model (HHM) is developed to describe the system's "as planned" or "success" scenario. Phase II, Scenario Filtering-The risk scenarios identified in Phase I are filtered according to the responsibilities and interests of the current system user. Phase III, Bi-Criteria Filtering and Ranking. Phase IV, Multi-Criteria Evaluation. Phase V, Quantitative Ranking-We continue to filter and rank scenarios based on quantitative and qualitative matrix scales of likelihood and consequence; and ordinal response to system resiliency, robustness, redundancy. Phase VI, Risk Management is performed, involving identification of management options for dealing with the filtered scenarios, and estimating the cost, performance benefits, and risk reduction of each. Phase VII, Safeguarding Against Missing Critical Items--We examine the performance of the options selected in Phase VI against the scenarios previously filtered out during Phases II to V. Phase VIII, Operational Feedback-We use the experience and information gained during application to refine the scenario filtering and decision processes in earlier phases. These eight phases reflect a philosophical approach rather than a mechanical methodology. In this philosophy, the filtering and ranking of discrete scenarios is viewed as a precursor to, rather than a substitute for, consideration of the totality of all risk scenarios.
Gaussian Process Motion planning (2016)

Motion planning is a fundamental tool in robotics, used to generate collision-free, smooth, trajectories, while satisfying task-dependent constraints. In this paper, we present a novel approach to motion planning using Gaussian processes. In contrast to most existing trajectory optimization algorithms, which rely on a discrete state parameterization in practice, we represent the continuous-time trajectory as a sample from a Gaussian process (GP) generated by a linear time-varying stochastic differential equation. We then provide a gradient-based optimization technique that optimizes continuous-time trajectories with respect to a cost functional. By exploiting GP interpolation, we develop the Gaussian Process Motion Planner (GPMP), that finds optimal trajectories parameterized by a small number of states. We benchmark our algorithm against recent trajectory optimization algorithms by solving 7-DOF robotic arm planning problems in simulation and validate our approach on a real 7-DOF WAM arm.
The Emerging Role of microRNAs in Adult Stem Cells (2011)

Since their discovery nearly two decades ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found in a variety of organisms including plants, fish, and mammals and been shown to have an enormous impact on development and disease. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis of miRNAs, their mechanisms of action, and their specific role in regulating self-renewal and lineage specification of embryonic and adult stem cells. In the latter case, emphasis is placed on the miRNA regulatory networks that mediate cellular differentiation. Their role in regulating cellular responses to stress and in various neurologic diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer are also described. Finally, a brief overview of methods used to analyze the function of miRNAs and identify their targets in vivo is provided.
The Molecular Mechanism of Stabilization of Proteins by TMAO and Its Ability to Counteract the Effects of Urea (2002)

Trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) is a naturally occurring osmolyte that stabilizes proteins and offsets the destabilizing effects of urea. To investigate the molecular mechanism of these effects, we have studied the thermodynamics of interaction between TMAO and protein functional groups. The solubilities of a homologous series of cyclic dipeptides were measured by differential refractive index and the dissolution heats were determined calorimetrically as a function of TMAO concentration at 25 degrees C. The transfer free energy of the amide unit (-CONH-) from water to 1 M TMAO is large and positive, indicating an unfavorable interaction between the TMAO solution and the amide unit. This unfavorable interaction is enthalpic in origin. The interaction between TMAO and apolar groups is slightly favorable. The transfer free energy of apolar groups from water to TMAO consists of favorable enthalpic and unfavorable entropic contributions. This is in contrast to the contributions for the interaction between urea and apolar groups. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide a structural framework for the interpretation of these results. The simulations show enhancement of water structure by TMAO in the form of a slight increase in the number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule, stronger water hydrogen bonds, and long-range spatial ordering of the solvent. These findings suggest that TMAO stabilizes proteins via enhancement of water structure, such that interactions with the amide unit are discouraged.
Moment-to-moment flight manoeuvres of the female yellow fever mosquito (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>L.) in response to plumes of carbon dioxide and human skin odour (2011)

Odours are crucial cues enabling female mosquitoes to orient to prospective hosts. However, their in-flight manoeuvres to host odours are virtually unknown. Here we analyzed in 3-D the video records of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes flying in a wind tunnel in response to host odour plumes that differed in spatial structure and composition. Following a brief (~0.03 s) encounter with CO(2), mosquitoes surged upwind and, in the absence of further encounters, counterturned without displacing upwind. These patterns resemble moth responses to encounter and loss of a filament of pheromone. Moreover, CO(2) encounters induced a highly regular pattern of counterturning across the windline in the horizontal (crosswind) and vertical planes, causing the mosquito to transect repeatedly the area where CO(2) was previously detected. However, despite the rapid changes across all three axes following an encounter with CO(2), the angular velocities remained remarkably constant. This suggests that during these CO(2)-induced surges mosquitoes stabilize flight through sensors, such as the halteres and Johnston organs, sensitive to Coriolis forces. In contrast to the instantaneous responses of the mosquito CO(2), a brief encounter with a filament of human skin odour did not induce a consistent change in mosquito flight. These differential responses were reflected in further experiments with broad plumes. A broad homogeneous plume of skin odour induced rapid upwind flight and source finding, whereas a broad filamentous plume of skin odour lowered activation rates, kinetic responses and source finding compared with homogeneous plumes. Apparently, yellow fever mosquitoes need longer continuous exposure to complex skin-odour blends to induce activation and source finding.
Array of optical tweezers with individual beam-steering and polarization control (2004)

We report a new method for generating multiple optical tweezers that enables beam-steering functionality and polarization state control for each trapping beam. The method employs a spatial light modulator (SLM) that imparts a two-dimensional (2-D) phase distribution onto a linearly polarized input beam from a CW-laser (λ = 830nm). A microlens array is used to divide the beam resulting in a matrix of point sources that are subsequently imaged onto the sample plane of a microscope as trapping beams. For beam steering, the plane of polarization of the input field is aligned parallel to the slow axis of the SLM, on which an array of phase grating patterns is encoded. The blazed grating parameters dictate the positional deflections of the optical traps. When the input polarization plane makes a 45°-angle with the SLM slow axis, an elliptic polarization state is produced for each optical trap and the degree of ellipticity depends on the phase difference introduced between the extraordinary and ordinary output field components at each SLM sub-aperture. It is known that elliptically polarized light changes its angular momentum when focused to a birefringent particle thereby inducing an axial rotation of the trapped object. We experimentally demonstrate the two modes of operation: (1) controlled lateral deflection of simultaneous trapped polystyrene microspheres and (2) polarization-induced rotation of simultaneously trapped calcite crystals.
Lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brines: opportunities, challenges, and future outlook (2017)

Chinese salt-lake brine is mainly of the magnesium sulfate subtype with a high Mg/Li ratio. To extract high purity lithium chloride from Chinese brine has been a decade-long challenge. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brine.
Radioimmunoassay of a Bovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein in Serum: Its Application for Pregnancy Diagnosis1 (1992)

A sensitive and specific double-antibody RIA for a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG) is described. The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/ml. The assay was specific for bPAG in that pituitary and placental gonadotropic hormones and other placental or serum proteins assayed in serial dilutions did not cross-react. The RIA allowed measurement of bPAG in placental extracts, fetal serum, fetal fluids, and serum or plasma of pregnant cows. About 20% of unbred heifers and nonpregnant cows had detectable levels ranging from 0.30 +/- 0.09 to 0.50 +/- 0.17 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), and 15% of bull sera showed higher concentrations (3.01 +/- 1.73 ng/ml) of bPAG or bPAG-like protein. Variations among animals was observed in fetal serum bPAG concentrations. Bovine PAG was detected in maternal peripheral blood at Day 22 of pregnancy (mean +/- SD, 0.38 +/- 0.13 ng/ml) in some animals and at Day 30 in all pregnant cows. Peripheral serum bPAG levels increased progressively to 3.60 +/- 1.73 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) at Day 30 of pregnancy, to 24.53 +/- 8.81 ng/ml at Day 120, and to 1551.91 +/- 589.68 ng/ml at Day 270. Peak concentration of bPAG was 2462.42 +/- 1017.88 ng/ml and it occurred 1-5 days prior to parturition. After delivery, bPAG concentrations decreased steadily to 499.63 +/- 267.20 ng/ml at Day 14 postpartum (pp), 10.12 +/- 7.84 ng/ml at Day 60 pp, and 1.44 +/- 1.08 ng/ml at Day 90 pp. The undetectable concentration (less than 0.20 ng/ml) was reached by Day 100 +/- 20 pp. An investigation undertaken in Holstein heifers, Holstein cows, and Hereford cows used as recipients for purebred Holstein embryos supplied evidence of the influence of breed of recipient and sex of fetuses on peripheral concentrations of bPAG. A herd of 430 Holstein-Friesian heifers that had received transferred embryos were bled at Day 35 postestrus (pe) for measurement of bPAG. The bPAG was detected in 287 of 430 serum samples analyzed. By rectal palpation performed at Day 45 pe, 267 heifers with detectable levels of bPAG at Day 35 pe were confirmed to be pregnant as were 3 of 143 heifers previously diagnosed as not pregnant by RIA. These results suggest that detection of this placental-specific antigen in the serum could be used as a specific serological method for early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle from 28 days after breeding.
Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic System Using Adaptive Extremum Seeking Control (2012)

In order for photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize their efficiency of power generation, it is crucial to locate the maximum power point (MPP) in real time under realistic illumination conditions. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of PV devices are nonlinear, and the MPP may vary with intrinsic and environmental conditions. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is expected to seek the MPP regardless of the device and ambient changes. This brief presents the application of the adaptive extremum seeking control (AESC) scheme to the PV MPPT problem. A state-space model is derived via averaging method, with the control input being the duty ratio of the pulse-width modulator of the dc-dc buck converter. To address the nonlinear PV characteristics, the radial basis function neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear (I-V) curve. The convergence of the system to an adjustable neighborhood of the optimum is guaranteed by utilizing a Lyapunov-based adaptive control method. The performance of the AESC is verified with simulation.
Ferric-coprogen receptor FhuE of Escherichia coli: processing and sequence common to all TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor proteins (1987)

Iron transport via siderophores requires outer membrane receptor proteins and the TonB protein. The FhuE protein of Escherichia coli functions as the receptor for ferric coprogen and ferric-rhodotorulic acid. A chromosomal DNA fragment bearing the fhuE gene was cloned into pACYC184. The gene was localized by insertion mutagenesis by using the transposon Tn1000. Expression in minicells revealed a FhuE precursor with an apparent molecular weight of 82,000 and a FhuE protein with a molecular weight of 76,000. The transcription polarity of the fhuE gene was deduced from the size of truncated polypeptides derived from Tn1000 insertions, which were mapped by restriction analysis. The processing of truncated precursors that were synthesized by insertion mutants was strongly reduced even when the insertion site was close to the carboxy terminus of the FhuE protein. It is concluded that either the efficient insertion of proFhuE into the cytoplasmic membrane or the rate of cleavage of the signal peptide requires a particular conformation of the proFhuE protein, which is only formed by the complete primary structure. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by gas-phase sequencing of the precursor and the mature form, which were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The precursor contained an unusually long signal peptide of 36 amino acids. The amino-terminal end of the mature form contained the sequence Glu-Thr-Val Ile-Val. A pentapeptide starting with either Glu or Asp, followed by Thr, and two uncharged residues ending with Val were found in all outer membrane receptor proteins that were constituents of TonB-dependent transport systems.