gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of deoxycoformycin in mice. II. Differences between the drug sensitivities and purine metabolizing enzymes of transplantable lymphomas of varying immunologic phenotypes. (1984)

Transplantable BALB/c and AKR lymphomas of different cell surface immunologic phenotypes have distinctive patterns of response to the ADA inhibitor DCF in vivo and in vitro. BAL 9, a lymphoma of the Lyt-1+,2+ T cell phenotype, was the most sensitive to DCF in vivo, and its DNA synthesis was inhibited more than 95% when cultured in the presence of dAr and DCF in vitro. This was correlated with a 10-fold increase in dATP content. The ADA and AMPDA activities were both high. Two lymphomas of the Lyt-1-,2+ T cell phenotype, BAL 5 and AKTB - lt , as well as two B cell phenotype lymphomas, A20 .3 and AKTB -lb, were all moderately inhibited in their in vivo growth if enough DCF was administered. However, their DNA synthesis in vitro was only inhibited 8 to 24% by dAr and DCF, there was only a twofold increase in the accumulation of dATP, and ADA and AMPDA activities were both low in the two BALB/c lymphomas tested. BAL 13, the only lymphoma of the Lyt-1+,2- phenotype examined, was completely resistant to DCF in vivo and in vitro. When cultured in the presence of dAr and DCF there was a transient increase in dATP content, followed by an abrupt decline. AMPDA activity was five to seven times greater than in the other lymphomas tested. ADA activity was moderate. The activities of 5' nucleotidase and of adenosine kinase were low and approximately equal in all the BALB/c lymphomas. These results suggest that the response to DCF by lymphomas of various immunologic phenotypes can be correlated with their nucleoside metabolism. The sensitivity of BAL 9 and the resistance of BAL 13 to DCF are correlated with their tendency to accumulate dATP and with their AMPDA and ADA activity ratios. The moderate sensitivity to DCF in vivo of the other T and B cell lymphomas, however, could not be clearly explained by any of the in vitro parameters thus far investigated, and this suggests that mechanisms inhibiting lymphoma proliferation other than dATP accumulation may be operating.
Utilization of Fine Coal Tailings by Flotation Using Ionic Reagents (2004)

Fatty acid type ionic collectors were used as an alternative to conventional oily collectors, kerosene, and pine oil mixture in the flotation of coal tailing with 46.1% ash. The conventional collectors could not reduce the ash content of the concentrate below 22%. On the other hand, ionic collectors were found to be significantly better at reducing the ash content down to 13%. It was concluded that despite their lower flotation yield and higher consumptions, certain ionic collectors could be used successfully in coal flotation where cleaner concentrates are required from coal fines with high ash content.
Selective depolarization of transmembrane potential alters muscle patterning and muscle cell localization in Xenopus laevis embryos (2015)

The correct anatomical placement and precise determination of specific cell types is required for the establishment of normal embryonic patterning. Understanding these processes is also important for progress in regenerative medicine and cancer biology. Transmembrane voltage gradients across embryonic tissues can mediate cellular communication to regulate the processes of proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Our past work showed that selective depolarization of an endogenous instructor cell population in Xenopus laevis in vivo induced a melanoma-like phenotype in the absence of genetic damage. Here, we use a hypersensitive glycine-gated chloride channel (GlyR) under control of tissue-specific promoters to show that instructor cells resident within muscle are more effective at triggering the metastatic conversion of ectodermal melanocytes than those similar cells within the nervous system. Moreover, depolarization of muscle cells results in aberrant muscle patterning and the appearance of cells expressing muscle markers within the neural tube, which impacts but does not abolish the animals' ability to learn in an associative conditioning assay. Taken together, our data reveal new details of long-range (non-cell-autonomous) reprogramming of cell behavior via alteration of the resting potential of specific embryonic subpopulations.
Universal Perturbation Attack Against Image Retrieval (2019)

Universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs), a.k.a. input-agnostic perturbations, has been proved to exist and be able to fool cutting-edge deep learning models on most of the data samples. Existing UAP methods mainly focus on attacking image classification models. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to attacking image retrieval systems. In this paper, we make the first attempt in attacking image retrieval systems. Concretely, image retrieval attack is to make the retrieval system return irrelevant images to the query at the top ranking list. It plays an important role to corrupt the neighbourhood relationships among features in image retrieval attack. To this end, we propose a novel method to generate retrieval-against UAP to break the neighbourhood relationships of image features via degrading the corresponding ranking metric. To expand the attack method to scenarios with varying input sizes or untouchable network parameters, a multi-scale random resizing scheme and a ranking distillation strategy are proposed. We evaluate the proposed method on four widely-used image retrieval datasets, and report a significant performance drop in terms of different metrics, such as mAP and mP@10. Finally, we test our attack methods on the real-world visual search engine, i.e., Google Images, which demonstrates the practical potentials of our methods.
Fiber-optic magnetic-field imaging (2014)

We demonstrate a scanning fiber-optic probe for magnetic-field imaging where nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are coupled to an optical fiber integrated with a two-wire microwave transmission line. The electron spin of NV centers in a diamond microcrystal attached to the tip of the fiber probe is manipulated by a frequency-modulated microwave field and is initialized by laser radiation transmitted through the optical tract of the fiber probe. The two-dimensional profile of the magnetic field is imaged with a high speed and high sensitivity using the photoluminescence spin-readout return from NV centers, captured and delivered by the same optical fiber.
Multi-layered photonic network design considering incremental traffic growth and different service contract terms (2005)

We propose a quasi-dynamic multi-layered photonic network design that achieves cost-effective incremental expansion to accommodate future broadband services. With several design examples, we give an organized perspective of such a design to optimize the network cost. (4 pages)
500 Mbyte/sec data-rate 512 Kbits*9 DRAM using a novel I/O interface (2003)

A novel 512-kb*9 DRAM with a 500-Mbyte/s data transfer rate has been designed. This high data-rate has been achieved by coupling a very high internal column bandwidth DRAM core with a very high internal column bandwidth, and coupling this core with a block oriented, small-swing, synchronous interface that uses skew canceling clocks. The DRAM has a 1-kbyte*2 line sense amplifier cache. This DRAM is assembled in a 32-pin vertical surface mount type plastic package.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyester Arterial Grafts Impregnated with Cross-Linked Albumin: The Rate of Degradation of the Coating in vivo (1988)

One of the techniques used to avoid preclotting a porous textile arterial prosthesis is to coat the graft with a layer of a bioerodible polymer. The efficacy of this treatment is dependent in part on the rate at which the polymer degrades after implantation. The focus of this study was therefore to investigate the rate of in vivo degradation of albumin-coated polyester (Dacron)-knitted vascular prostheses. Two types of cross-linked albumin were included: one using glutaraldehyde, the other using carbodiimide as the cross-linking agent. Radioactively labeled albumin-coated prostheses were implanted in the thoracic aorta and peritoneal cavity of dogs, and their rates of biodegradation in vivo were monitored over a 4-week period. The rate of biodegradation was found to depend upon the site of implantation. It occurred more rapidly in the peritoneal cavity where less than 20% of the albumin coating remained after 4 weeks in vivo in comparison to the approximately 30% in the thoracic aorta. The nature and intensity of the cellular response appeared to be related to the cytotoxic potential of the cross-linking agent. Glutaraldehyde induced an inflammatory response and a delay in healing, whereas carbodiimide caused only a mild tissue reaction.
The Surface Free Energy of Human Dental Enamel (1984)

The surface free energy is a definite factor in the adhesion of micro-organisms to host surfaces, such as tooth surfaces. The surface free energy gamma s can experimentally be determined by means of a series of contact angle measurements with various liquids. Employing the concept of polar and dispersion components, it was found, that gamma s of ground and polished human enamel is 88 +/- 9 erg.cm-2. This value is of the same order of magnitude as obtained for hydroxyapatite (the main mineral component of enamel) and fluorapatite. Fluoride applications on human enamel, frequently employed in dentistry, greatly influence the surface free energy. Application of various fluorides gave different results: Aminfluorides reduced gamma s to 62 +/- 5 erg.cm-2; APF raised gamma s to 107 +/- 11 erg.cm-2; NaF hardly influenced gamma s X gamma s remained 87 +/- 9 erg.cm-2. Adsorption of salivary proteins (pellicle formation) influences these differences. In vivo pellicle formation on FEP (gamma s = 17 erg.cm-2) increased gamma s to 41 erg.cm-2, Diacryl (gamma s = 76 erg.cm-2) increased gamma s to 117 erg.cm-2, while on sintered hydroxyapatite (gamma s = 80 erg.cm-2) gamma s increased to 118 erg.cm-2.
Varactor Tuned Gunn Oscillators with Wide Tuning Range for the 25 to 75 GHz Frequency Band (2005)

Wideband electronic tuning (to 13 GHz) has been achieved at millimeter wavelengths with varactor tuned Gunn oscillators (VCO's) by use of a simple, lumped element circuit. The VCO's operate as fundamental oscillators in the 25 to 40 GHz band and as second harmonic oscillators in the 50 to 75 GHz band.
Si Bridging Epitaxy from Si Windows onto SiO<sub>2</sub>by<i>Q</i>-Switched Ruby Laser Pulse Annealing (1980)

Single crystal Si films have been epitaxially grown from chemical vapor-deposited poly-Si films from 2000 to 6000 Å thick on (100) Si substrates by Q-switched ruby laser pulse irradiation of 25 ns duration at power densities above 2.0 J/cm2. When a poly-Si film deposited on the thermally grown SiO2 comes in contact with the substrate at the oxide window area, epitaxial growth first occurs at the window area. It then propagates in the lateral direction over the SiO2 up to a distance of 1.2 µm from the oxide edge. In Si films grown on SiO2, dislocations and stacking faults lying nearly in the <311> directions remain.
Offset-dependent geometrical spreading in a layered medium (1990)

Abstract The geometrical spreading for a point source in a horizontally layered medium has been computed by Ursin (1978) and Hubral (1978) as a Taylor series in the offset coordinate. The coefficients in the Taylor series depend on the thicknesses and the velocities of the layers. Here, I start with the exact expression for geometrical spreading and show that it can be expressed as a function of the velocity in the first layer, the offset, and the first- and second-order traveltime derivatives. A shifted hyperbolic traveltime approximation (Castle, 1988) and the usual hyperbolic traveltime approximation are used to derive approximate expressions for geometrical spreading. These expressions can also be derived from a truncated Taylor series by making additional approximations, but this procedure is not so obvious.
Characterization of a mature bile duct antigen expressed on a subpopulation of biliary ductular cells but absent from oval cells (1993)

Hybridomas were produced with immune spleen cells generated by immunization of Balb/c mice with oval cell antigen (OC.2)-positive 17-day fetal liver cells isolated on antibody-coated magnetic beads. A primary screen by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of fetal and adult liver identified several hybridomas secreting antibodies reactive with bile ducts and oval cells. One of these recognized an epitope, designated BD1, which was expressed on intrahepatic bile ducts in 16-day fetal and adult rat liver and in liver from rats fed a choline-deficient diet containing ethionine and rats treated with 2-acetylaminofluorine, but was absent from morphologically defined oval cells induced by a choline-deficient diet containing ethionine or by 2-acetylaminofluorine. Double-labeling immunofluorescence analysis with monoclonal antibody BD1 and OV6, a monoclonal antibody that reacts uniformly with all bile ducts and oval cells, revealed that BD1 expression on the intrahepatic bile ductular cells of normal adult rat liver was heterogeneous with a major ductal cell population (60% to 70%) expressing high levels of BD1 and a minor ductal cell population (30% to 40%) displaying undetectable or low levels of BD1 expression. Analysis of fetal liver demonstrated the presence of BD1-positive cells at day 16 of gestation on duct-like structures in contact with portal mesenchyme, an observation suggesting that expression of BD1 was associated with commitment of hepatoblasts to a ductular lineage. Taken together, our findings suggest that oval cells may be derived from an antigenically distinct subpopulation of bile ductal cells.
Intent, perception, and out-of-core visualization applied to terrain (1998)

This paper considers how out-of-core visualization applies to terrain datasets, which are among the largest now presented for interactive visualization and can range to sizes of 20 GB and more. It is found that a combination of out-of-core visualization, which tends to focus on 3D data, and visual simulation, which places an emphasis on visual perception and real-time display of multiresolution data, results in interactive terrain visualization with significantly improved data access and quality of presentation. Further, the visual simulation approach provides qualities that are useful for general data, not just terrain.
Blocking Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells‐1‐Positive Tumor‐Associated Macrophages Induced by Hypoxia Reverses Immunosuppression and Anti‐Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Resistance in Liver Cancer (2019)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recognized as antitumor suppressors, but how TAMs behave in the hypoxic environment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxia inducible factor 1α induced increased expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in TAMs, resulting in immunosuppression. Specifically, TREM-1-positive (TREM-1<sup>+</sup> ) TAMs abundant at advanced stages of HCC progression indirectly impaired the cytotoxic functions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells apoptosis. Biological and functional assays showed that TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAMs had higher expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) under hypoxic environment. However, TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAMs could abrogate spontaneous and PD-L1-blockade-mediated antitumor effects in vivo, suggesting that TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAM-induced immunosuppression was dependent on a pathway separate from PD-L1/programmed cell death 1 axis. Moreover, TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAM-associated regulatory T cells (Tregs) were crucial for HCC resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Mechanistically, TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAMs elevated chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 expression through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/NF-κβ pathway in response to hypoxia and tumor metabolites leading to CCR6<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg accumulation. Blocking the TREM-1 pathway could significantly inhibit tumor progression, reduce CCR6<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg recruitment, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade. Thus, these data demonstrated that CCR6<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg recruitment was crucial for TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAM-mediated anti-PD-L1 resistance and immunosuppression in hypoxic tumor environment. Conclusion: This study highlighted that the hypoxic environment initiated the onset of tumor immunosuppression through TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAMs attracting CCR6<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Tregs, and TREM-1<sup>+</sup> TAMs endowed HCC with anti-PD-L1 therapy resistance.
Design and realization of an all <i>d</i>-wave dc π-superconducting quantum interference device (2000)

The predominantly dx2−y2-pairing symmetry in most high-Tc superconductors provides the opportunity to fabricate Josephson junction circuits in which part of the junctions are biased by a phase difference of the superconducting order parameter of π. We present fabrication and measurements of an all high-Tc dc superconducting quantum interference device (dc SQUID) realized with thin-film technology, of which the Josephson junctions consist of one standard junction and one junction with a π-phase shift. The characteristics of the π-SQUID are compared with the properties of a standard high-Tc SQUID.
Acoustic microscope lens modeling and its application in determining biological cell properties from single- and multi-layered cell models (2006)

The acoustic microscopy technique provides some extraordinary advantages for determining mechanical properties of living cells. It is relatively fast, of excellent spatial resolution, and of minimal invasiveness. Sound velocity is a measure of the cell stiffness. Attenuation of cytoplasm is a measure of supramolecular interactions. These parameters are of crucial interest for studying cell motility and volume regulations and to establish the functional role of the various elements of the cytoskeleton. Using a scanning acoustic microscope, longitudinal wave speed, attenuation and thickness profile of a biological cell were measured earlier by Kundu et al. [Biophys. J. 78, 2270-2279 (2000)]. In that study it was assumed that the cell properties did not change through the cell thickness but could vary in the lateral direction. In that effort the acoustic-microscope-generated signal was modeled as a plane wave striking the cell at normal incidence. Such assumptions ignored the effect of cell inhomogenity and the surface skimming Rayleigh waves. In this paper a rigorous lens model, based on the DPSM (distributed point source method), is adopted. For the first time in the literature the cell is modeled here as a multi-layered material and the effect of some external drug stimuli on a living cell is studied.
New hope for the treatment of epilepsy (2015)

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Targeting pharmacoresistant epilepsy and epileptogenesis with a dual-purpose antiepileptic drug’ by Doeser et al. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awu339). 

Compared to many other chronic neurological diseases, epilepsy can be regarded as relatively amenable to treatment, given that about two-thirds of patients become seizure-free with available medications. However, there are two major problems with current treatment using antiepileptic drugs. First, about one-third of patients with epilepsy are resistant to the available antiepileptic drugs, and second, the treatment is purely ‘symptomatic’, i.e. when the drugs are stopped, epileptic seizures usually recur, as the underlying cause of the seizures is still present. Epileptogenesis describes the process of development of epilepsy after an initial brain insult, such as trauma or a prolonged febrile seizure (Fig. 1) (Pitkanen and Lukasiuk, 2011). However, there are currently no treatments that target the process of epileptogenesis in an effort to prevent or at least modify the disease. There is only one possibility to cure epilepsy, namely epilepsy surgery, a treatment that can only be applied to selected patients in whom the epileptic focus can be surgically removed. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In this issue of Brain , Doeser et al. (2014 a ) report that an existing AED, eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), has unexpected effects with the potential to address both pharmacoresistance and epileptogenesis. 



Figure 1 
Schematic of epileptogenesis. After an initial insult (such as status epilepticus, trauma or stroke), chronic epilepsy develops during a latent period without seizures. This process is called epileptogenesis. It is induced and maintained by many factors, some as yet unidentified, including inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms. The goal of anti-epileptogenic treatment is to intervene as early as possible to stop or at least attenuate the process of epileptogenesis. This is in contrast to currently available anti-epileptic drugs, which only suppress …
Human Resource Management in Ireland (1992)

Considers the nature of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Republic of Ireland. Identifies four variants of HRM in Ireland: “soft” HRM; neo‐pluralism; “hard” HRM; and traditional industrial relations. Then considers key areas of HRM policy choice and reviews alternative approaches to HRM practice in Irish organizations. Analyses the role of the specialist HRM function in Ireland using a HRM typology. Evaluates the evidence of change in HRM practice with a particular focus on key dimensions of change such as developments in employment forms and flexibility, the role of trade unions and the emergence of proactive approaches to HRM at establishment level.
Bortezomib Congeners Induce Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via CIP2A Inhibition (2013)

CIP2A is an oncoprotein that upregulates p-Akt and promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been shown to reduce CIP2A and lead to cell apoptosis. Here; we modified the functional group of bortezomib to generate a series of novel compounds and conducted a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. The results showed that compound 1 was able to repress CIP2A expression and cell apoptosis in the same manner as bortezomib, but with less potency in inhibition of proteasome activity. This finding provides a new direction for the design of CIP2A inhibitors.
A Distributed Hardware Mechanism for Process Synchronization on Shared-Bus Multiprocessors (1994)

Several techniques have been used to reduce the performance impact of process synchronization in fine-grained multiprocessor systems. These existing techniques tend to have long synchronization times or high shared-bus use, or they require complex and expensive hardware. A new technique is presented that uses distributed hardware locking queues to reduce both contention and latency to the minimum values that can be obtained using a shared-bus. This technique is shown to require at most two shared-bus transactions, with one transaction being typical. The latency for process continuation after obtaining a lock is reduced to near zero. Barrier synchronization using this distributed mechanism requires only one shared-bus transaction per processor involved in the barrier. This new technique is scalable and applicable to both new architectures and to existing systems, and is less complex than other hardware solutions.