gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoclay and Modified Nanoclay as Sorbents for Anionic, Cationic and Nonionic Dyes (2005)

The nanoclay, montmorillonite, and some modified nanoclays were used as sorbents for nonionic, anionic and cationic dyes. From the sorption differences among the different dye and clay structures, both chemical and morphological, the sorption forces that played important roles were identified. The nanoclay could easily have a sorption capacity of more than 600 mg sorbate per gram of sorbent at a liquor-to-sorbent ratio of 100 to 1. Furthermore, it could have a sorption of 90% at an initial dye concentration of 6 g/L, or 60% based on the weight of the sorbent, indicating an extremely high dye affinity. This study showed that with certain modifications the nanoclay, montmorillonite, could easily become an excellent sorbent for anionic, cationic and nonionic dyes.
Building Emotional Machines: Recognizing Image Emotions Through Deep Neural Networks (2018)

An image is a very effective tool for conveying emotions. Many researchers have investigated emotions in images by using various features extracted from images. In this paper, we focus on two high-level features, the object and the background, and assume that the semantic information in images is a good cue for predicting emotions. An object is one of the most important elements that define an image, and we discover through experiments that there is a high correlation between the objects and emotions in images in most cases. Even with the same object, there may be slight differences in emotion due to different backgrounds, and we use the semantic information of the background to improve the prediction performance. By combining the different levels of features, we build an emotion-based feedforward deep neural network that produces the emotion values of a given image. The output emotion values in our framework are continuous values in two-dimensional space (valence and arousal), which are more effective than using a small number of emotion categories to describe emotions. Experiments confirm the effectiveness of our network in predicting the emotions of images.
Hardware monitoring of a multiprocessor system (1989)

The Testbed for Distributed Processing, or Ted, consists of Intel Corp.'s iSBC 8086 single board computers (SBCs) organized into groups or clusters. Each cluster consists of several SBCs that communicate via a shared memory. Intercluster communication occurs through an Ethernet interface. A hardware monitor designed and implemented to handle the monitoring activities within a cluster in the Ted system is described. By using specified patterns and don't-care masks, the system can detect accesses to selected data, addresses, or blocks of addresses. This function helps monitor events such as the access or usage of a memory location or a group of mailbox addresses. It also determines the amount of time consumed by the performance of specific operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors 1α and 2α Regulate Trophoblast Differentiation (2005)

Placental development initially occurs in a low-oxygen (O2) or hypoxic environment. In this report we show that two hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha, are essential for determining murine placental cell fates. HIF is a heterodimer composed of HIFalpha and HIFbeta (ARNT) subunits. Placentas from Arnt-/- and Hif1alpha-/- Hif2alpha-/- embryos exhibit defective placental vascularization and aberrant cell fate adoption. HIF regulation of Mash2 promotes spongiotrophoblast differentiation, a prerequisite for trophoblast giant cell differentiation. In the absence of Arnt or Hifalpha, trophoblast stem cells fail to generate these cell types and become labyrinthine trophoblasts instead. Therefore, HIF mediates placental morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell fate decisions, demonstrating that O2 tension is a critical regulator of trophoblast lineage determination. This novel genetic approach provides new insights into the role of O2 tension in the development of life-threatening pregnancy-related diseases such as preeclampsia.
Internet protocol traffic analysis with applications for ATM switch design (1993)

Knowledge of data traffic behavior is fundamental to the efficient design and implementation of a virtual circuit packet switch and its supporting policies and mechanisms. In this paper, we examine the behavior of local and wide area Internet Protocol (IP) networks, study connection and connectionless protocols, and use our results to estimate the behavior of a virtual circuit network replacement for these networks.
Metallocarboxypeptidases: Stability Constants and Enzymatic Characteristics (1961)

In a previous communication (l), we have described some of the enzymatic and physicochemical properties of a series of metallocarboxypeptidases prepared from the metal-free apoenzyme of bovine carboxypeptidase A. This paper presents the stability constants and enzymatic activities of a series of metallocarboxypeptidases produced when 1 g atom of zinc in the native enzyme is replaced by 1 g atom of manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium, or mercury.Significantly, the substitution of the various metals for zinc in carboxypeptidase induces marked changes in relative activities and specificity of the enzyme.The order and magnitude of the stability constants of this series of metallocarboxypeptidases are in accord with the hypothesis that a sulfur and a nitrogen atom of the apoenzyme bind these metal ions to constitute the active center (2-4).The release of two Hi-ions when a metal atom is bound to apocarboxypeptidase constitutes further experimental support for this hypothesis, since the apparent p/c values of the ionizing groups are consistent with those to be expected of a sulfhydryl and a nitrogenous group of amino acid residues (5). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREBeef Pancreas Carboxypeptiduse [(CPD)Znll-Four times recrystallized zinc carboxypeptidase was prepared from beef pancreas acetone powder2 by the method of Allan et aZ.3The solution of the final crystals in 1.0 M NaCl-0.1 M Tris buffer, pH 7.5, was homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and by moving boundary electrophoresis when examined in 0.3 ionic strength LiCl buffers of pH 6.6 to 10.5.The proteolytic coefficient, C, of this preparation was 25 to 30 at pH 7.5, 25", and 6 to 7 at pH 7.5, 0".The esterase activity, expressed as a zero order rate constant, k (see below), was 1.15 X lo3 pM H+ per minute per mg of N at pH 7.5, 25".The zinc to protein ratio was 1950 pg per g of protein or 1.03 g atom per mole, assuming a molecular weight of 34,300 for the protein (6, 7).
Reflection wave analysis based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (2013)

In recent studies, the reflection waveform analysis (RWA) in arterial blood pressure (ABP) is the important method for cardiovascular system assessment. But conventional RWA contains some limitations during several clinical experiments, such as the unrecognizable reflection waveform morphology during Valsalva maneuver (VM). This study proposed a new RWA based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), which extracted the intrinsic feature of ABP waveform, including reflection wave and trend of ABP. Furthermore, the reflection time (Tr) was computed by EEMD-based RWA and the results of agreement test showed that Tr can be estimated with unrecognizable reflection waveform. It helps for the cardiovascular system assessment during specific physiological challenges, such as VM. Moreover, it helps for cardiovascular auto-regulation studies for reflection wave monitoring by VM study.
Enhanced simplified control algorithm for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with sinusoidal excitation (2004)

In this paper it is proposed an enhanced simplified control system with good dynamical performances for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with sinusoidal current control (BLAC), in that to determine the rotor position respectively the speed are used two Hall sensors. The concept of the proposed control system is a speed closed loop. The motor speed is controlled by the voltage amplitude and advance angle of the voltage relative to the vector of rotor permanent magnet flux, while the voltage frequency matches the actual speed of the motor. The voltage amplitude and the advance angle of the voltage are implemented using two tables and taking into account the dq model in rotor coordinates of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with sinusoidal current control (BLAC).
On the Optimum Utilization of Water Hammer (1988)

The computerized method of characteristics was used to analyse, for a single pipeline discharging into the atmosphere, the effects of valve-closure schedule and pipe length on optimum water-hammer strength. It was found that the criteria of optimum water-hammer utilization are a non-linear inherent valve schedule in which the bulk of the pressure surge occurs near the beginning or towards the end of valve closure, together with as small a value of dimensionless valve-closure time and as high a value of wide-open valve area as is consistent with cavitation-free operation. Also, a comparison of the results with hydraulic ram test data suggests that optimum drive pipe length may be based solely on optimum water-hammer strength, in the light of the relative effects of pipe friction and dimensionless valve-closure time. In general, optimum pipe length is not highly sensitive to inherent valve-closure schedule, water-hammer strength, pipe size or reservoir head.
Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to weak acids (2003)

The susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis to a range of weak acids and acid pH was investigated. M. tuberculosis was found to be more susceptible to acid pH and weak acids than M. smegmatis. The weak acids were more active against M. tuberculosis at acid pH than at neutral pH. M. tuberculosis was found to be less able to maintain its internal pH and membrane potential at acid pH than M. smegmatis. The antituberculous activity of weak acids correlated with their ability to disrupt the membrane potential but not the internal pH. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to M. tuberculosis physiology and development of new antituberculous agents.
Size-selective immunofluorescence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells by capillary- and viscous forces (2010)

Rapid, low cost screening of tuberculosis requires an effective enrichment method of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) cells. Currently, microfiltration and centrifugation steps are frequently used for sample preparation, which are cumbersome and time-consuming. In this study, the size-selective capturing mechanism of a microtip-sensor is presented to directly enrich MTB cells from a sample mixture. When a microtip is withdrawn from a spherical suspension in the radial direction, the cells that are concentrated by AC electroosmosis are selectively enriched to the tip due to capillary- and viscous forces. The size-selectivity is characterized by using polystyrene microspheres, which is then applied to size-selective capture of MTB from a sample mixture. Our approach yields a detection limit of 800 cells mL(-1), one of the highest-sensitivity immunosensors to date.
GENETIC CONTROL OF RESTRICTION AND MODIFICATION IN <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1964)

Boyer, Herbert (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.). Genetic control of restriction and modification in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 88:1652-1660. 1964.-Bacterial crosses with K-12 strains of Escherichia coli as Hfr donors (Hfr Hayes, Hfr Cavalli, and Hfr P4X-6) and B/r strains of E. coli as F(-) recipients were found to differ from crosses between K-12 Hfr donors and K-12 F(-) recipients in two ways: (i) recombinants (leu, pro, lac, and gal) did not appear at discrete time intervals but did appear simultaneously 30 min after matings were initiated, and (ii) the linkage of unselected markers to selected markers was reduced. Integration of a genetic region linked to the threonine locus of K-12 into the B/r genome resulted in a hybrid which no longer gave anomalous results in conjugation experiments. A similar region of the B strain was introduced into the K-12 strain, which then behaved as a typical B F(-) recipient. These observations are interpreted as the manifestation of host-controlled modification and restriction on the E. coli chromosome. This was verified by experiments on the restriction and modification of the bacteriophage lambda, F-lac, F-gal, and sex-factor, F(1). It was found that the genetic region that controlled the mating responses of the K-12 and B/r strains also controlled the modification and restriction properties of these two strains. The genes responsible for the restricting and modifying properties of the K-12 and B strains of E. coli were found to be allelic, linked to each other, and linked to the threonine locus.
A Novel Intronic <i>cis</i> Element, ISE/ISS-3, Regulates Rat Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Splicing through Activation of an Upstream Exon and Repression of a Downstream Exon Containing a Noncanonical Branch Point Sequence (2004)

Mutually exclusive splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) exons IIIb and IIIc yields two receptor isoforms, FGFR2-IIIb and -IIIc, with distinctly different ligand binding properties. Several RNA cis elements in the intron (intron 8) separating these exons have been described that are required for splicing regulation. Using a heterologous splicing reporter, we have identified a new regulatory element in this intron that confers cell-type-specific inclusion of an unrelated exon that mirrors its ability to promote cell-type-specific inclusion of exon IIIb. This element promoted inclusion of exon IIIb while at the same time silencing exon IIIc inclusion in cells expressing FGFR2-IIIb; hence, we have termed this element ISE/ISS-3 (for "intronic splicing enhancer-intronic splicing silencer 3"). Silencing of exon IIIc splicing by ISE/ISS-3 was shown to require a branch point sequence (BPS) using G as the primary branch nucleotide. Replacing a consensus BPS with A as the primary branch nucleotide resulted in constitutive splicing of exon IIIc. Our results suggest that the branch point sequence constitutes an important component that can contribute to the efficiency of exon definition of alternatively spliced cassette exons. Noncanonical branch points may thus facilitate cell-type-specific silencing of regulated exons by flanking cis elements.
Opportunistic band sharing for point-to-point link connection of cognitive radios (2009)

Cognitive radios are typically known to exploit vacant spectrum resources yet not interfering with primary communication systems. However, cognitive radios may not be able to secure a clear spectrum band, i.e., white hole, in certain environments. Underlay spectrum sharing provides a way to cope with such a spectrum sharing problem in a bustling spectrum band; cognitive radios share the spectrum band with the spectrum licensees, i.e., primary users, by adjusting signal transmit power so as not to severely deteriorate the performance of the primary users. In this paper, we propose an underlay spectrum sharing policy for cognitive radios. Primary users are assumed to form a cellular network, and a point-to-point link of cognitive radio leverages uplink spectrum resource of the primary network. We formulate the transmit power constraints of the cognitive radio transmitter and propose a practical uplink band sharing framework. We also demonstrate that such an uplink band sharing can enhance the throughput performance of point- to-point link, while the interference to the primary users can be regulated under the allowed level decided by the primary users.
Cryosurgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer. (1992)

Locally recurrent rectal cancer is, in most cases, unresectable and incurable. Palliative treatment is warranted in many cases because of the presence of severe distressing symptoms. In recurrent disease, intraluminal cryotherapy is an option for palliation. Twenty patients with local recurrence after anterior resection were treated palliatively with cryosurgery for their local symptoms. Six patients had previously had a colostomy before they were referred for palliative treatment. Thirteen patients had more than one symptom. Distant metastases were present in ten cases. The beneficial effect of cryosurgery was evident after two to three sessions. In nine patients cryotherapy achieved complete relief of local symptoms. In these patients the symptom free interval varied from 1 to 24 months (median 11 months); five patients died of disease without local symptoms. Three of these nine patients underwent a bowel diversion at a later stage because of complete stenosis. The number of treatment sessions in this group of patients varied from three to 14. The palliative index varied from 37 to 100% (mean 78%). In nine patients cryotherapy of the local recurrence gave no relief at all. Our results show that in almost half of the patients cryosurgery can palliate local complaints resulting from recurrent tumor growth after anterior resection.
On the chemical markers of pyroxenite contributions in continental basalts in Eastern China: Implications for source lithology and the origin of basalts (2016)

Although it is widely recognized that mantle peridotite is compositionally heterogeneous, primitive mantle-like peridotite is commonly considered the potential peridotite source when identifying the source lithology of oceanic and continental basalts. Here, a simple equation that compatible with thermodynamic result (Ol (wt%) = 144.27ln((Fe + Mg + Ca + 2Na) / Si), mol ratio) is introduced to distinguish peridotitic and pyroxenitic rocks. Meanwhile, the basic assumptions, alternative interpretations and uncertainties of many of the literature markers for pyroxenite contributions in basalts are briefly summarized, and some detailed comments on these markers are presented using literature data on olivines and basalts from Eastern China. Both high-CaO (> 0.1 wt%) and low-CaO (< 0.1 wt%) olivines in these continental basalts are likely generated by a xenocryst diffusive re-equilibration process, suggesting that the olivine chemistry method may not be suitable for the source lithology identification of the basalts. For the Cenozoic and Mesozoic continental basalts in Eastern China, nearly all of the markers for pyroxenite sources based on whole-rock major and/or trace elements might be compromised by refertilized/metasomatized peridotite sources. These uncertainties also exist for many other oceanic and continental basalts. However, the FC3MS (FeOT/CaO-3 ∗ MgO/SiO2, all in wt%) value, combined with those of Na2O + K2O, Mg#, MgO and La/Yb, suggests that Cenozoic OIB-type basalts in Eastern China are mostly primary pyroxenite-derived products, and caution should be paid when interpreting the petrological and geological implications of these basalts, particularly that of the low-MgO pyroxenite-derived basalts. At the normal mantle potential temperature (~ 1350–1400 °C), the pyroxenite source can produce melts that explain all of the compositional characteristics of the Cenozoic basalts, suggesting that the origin temperature and pressure of the Cenozoic basalts determined by the traditional peridotite model are overestimated. For the Mesozoic basalts, compositionally diverse peridotite sources can account for their petrogenesis, but the pyroxenite source cannot be excluded. We acknowledge that the pyroxenite source may represent crustal materials (continental or oceanic crust) recycling and/or mantle metasomatism, which have important geodynamic implications, but further work is needed to determine the origin of the pyroxenite.
Electrophilic behaviour of nitrosyls: preparation and reactions of six-co-ordinate ruthenium tetra(pyridine) nitrosyl complexes (1982)

Reaction of NO2– with [RuCl2(py)4] gave [Ru(NO2)2(py)4] which on treatment with HCl gave [RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+, isolated as ClO4– or PF6– salts. Use of HBr or HClO4, instead of HCl gave [RuBr(py)4(NO)]2+ or [Ru(OH)(py)4(NO)]2+ respectively. The nitrosyl ligand in [RuX(py)4(NO)]2+ behaved as an electrophile [ν(NO) was 1 910 cm–1 for X = Cl, 1 901 cm–1 for X = Br, and 1 868 cm–1 for X = OH]. With OH–[RuX(NO2)(py)4] was formed reversibly. With an excess of N3– and [RuCl(py)4(NO)][ClO4]2 a mixture of [RuCl(N3)(py)4] and [RuCl(H2O)(py)4]+ was formed, N2 and N2O being evolved. The less soluble [RuCl(py)4(NO)][PF6]2 reacted with an equimolar amount of N3– to give [RuCl(N2)(py)4]PF6, which was unstable with respect to N2 loss in solution, and was contaminated with a small quantity of a reduced nitrosyl complex, believed to be [Ru(H2O)(py)4(NO)][PF6]2 or [Ru(py)4(NO)][PF6]2·H2O. The formation of [RuCl(N2)(py)4]+ indicates that the reaction between [RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+ and N3– proceeds via a cyclic [graphic omitted] intermediate, as was confirmed by labelling experiments. Electrochemical one-electron reduction of [RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+ gave [Ru(H2O)(py)4(NO)]2+, isolated as the PF6– salt; it is not known how strongly the H2O molecule is attached to the ruthenium, if at all. Electrochemical six-electron reduction of [RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+ gave [RuCl(NH3)(py)4]+; this same product could be isolated as the PF6– salt from zinc amalgam reduction of [RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+. Polarographic, coulometric, and cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that [RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+ is reduced in two successive reversible one-electron steps followed by an irreversible four-electron reduction.
A new interpretation of the fault detection filter Part 1: Closed-form algorithm (1994)

Abstract A novel interpretation is presented of the detection filter in the context of an eigenstructure assignment problem. The detection filter is shown to be equivalent to the combination of two decoupled observers, with the advantage that theories already developed for conventional observers can be utilized as design aids. Detection space and detection order are re-defined accordingly, and it is shown that of the two observers that constitute a detection filter, the one associated with the detection space is a single-output system. This fact is important since it explains important properties of the fault detection filter in a very uncomplicated fashion, leading to a clear interpretation of the freedom available in designing the filter; in particular, it is proven that the detection filter gains are unique, given the eigenvalues of the detection space. Further, the formulation leads to a closed-form expression for the detection filter, and is therefore well-suited to the development of simple design algorithms.
Comparison of silicon dioxide layers grown from three polymethylsiloxane precursors in a high-density oxygen plasma (2003)

We have compared the elemental composition, growth rates, and hardness of silicon dioxide layers grown from hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS), and tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) in a high-density electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma. Hard colorless coatings could be grown from each precursor; coating composition, growth rates, and hardness depended strongly on the ratio of oxygen to precursor flow. At the highest O2/precursor flow ratios (4:1 for HMDSO and 8:1 for OMCTS and TMCTS), the coatings were SiO2-like with oxygen-to-silicon ratios close to 2:1 and carbon percentages as low as 12% for HMDSO, 3.4% for OMCTS, and 1.4% for TMCTS. Growth rates were 0.7–1.1 μm/min, initially increasing with the O2/precursor flow ratio; final coating thicknesses after 5 min were 3.5 μm to 5.5 μm. Coating hardness values generally increased with increasing O2/precursor flow ratio, attaining 6 GPa, 7.4 GPa, and 8.7 GPa for HMDSO, OMCTS, and TMCTS, respectively.