gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Extracellular Matrix in Adaptation of Tendon and Skeletal Muscle to Mechanical Loading (2004)

The extracellular matrix (ECM), and especially the connective tissue with its collagen, links tissues of the body together and plays an important role in the force transmission and tissue structure maintenance especially in tendons, ligaments, bone, and muscle. The ECM turnover is influenced by physical activity, and both collagen synthesis and degrading metalloprotease enzymes increase with mechanical loading. Both transcription and posttranslational modifications, as well as local and systemic release of growth factors, are enhanced following exercise. For tendons, metabolic activity, circulatory responses, and collagen turnover are demonstrated to be more pronounced in humans than hitherto thought. Conversely, inactivity markedly decreases collagen turnover in both tendon and muscle. Chronic loading in the form of physical training leads both to increased collagen turnover as well as, dependent on the type of collagen in question, some degree of net collagen synthesis. These changes will modify the mechanical properties and the viscoelastic characteristics of the tissue, decrease its stress, and likely make it more load resistant. Cross-linking in connective tissue involves an intimate, enzymatical interplay between collagen synthesis and ECM proteoglycan components during growth and maturation and influences the collagen-derived functional properties of the tissue. With aging, glycation contributes to additional cross-linking which modifies tissue stiffness. Physiological signaling pathways from mechanical loading to changes in ECM most likely involve feedback signaling that results in rapid alterations in the mechanical properties of the ECM. In developing skeletal muscle, an important interplay between muscle cells and the ECM is present, and some evidence from adult human muscle suggests common signaling pathways to stimulate contractile and ECM components. Unaccostumed overloading responses suggest an important role of ECM in the adaptation of myofibrillar structures in adult muscle. Development of overuse injury in tendons involve morphological and biochemical changes including altered collagen typing and fibril size, hypervascularization zones, accumulation of nociceptive substances, and impaired collagen degradation activity. Counteracting these phenomena requires adjusted loading rather than absence of loading in the form of immobilization. Full understanding of these physiological processes will provide the physiological basis for understanding of tissue overloading and injury seen in both tendons and muscle with repetitive work and leisure time physical activity.
Efficient design of digital filters for 2-D and 3-D depth migration (1997)

Two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) depth migration can be performed using 1-D and 2-D extrapolation digital filters, respectively. The depth extrapolation is done, one frequency at a time, by convolving the seismic wavefield with a complex-valued, frequency- and velocity-dependent, digital filter. This process requires the design of a complete set of extrapolation filters: one filter for each possible frequency-velocity pair. Instead of independently designing the frequency- and velocity-dependent filters, an efficient procedure is introduced for designing a complete set of 1-D and 2-D extrapolation filters using transformations. The problem of designing a desired set of migration filters is thus reduced to the design of a single 1-D filter, which is then mapped to produce all the desired 1-D or 2-D migration filters. The new design procedure has the additional advantage that both the 1-D and 2-D migration filters can be realized efficiently and need not have their coefficients precomputed or tabulated.
Recent Innovations in Peptide Based Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells (2016)

Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and diagnostic agents conjugated to carrier ligands has made significant progress in recent years, both in regards to the structural design of the conjugates and their biological effectiveness. The goal of targeting specific cell surface receptors through structural compatibility has encouraged the use of peptides as highly specific carriers as short peptides are usually non-antigenic, are structurally simple and synthetically diverse. Recent years have seen many developments in the field of peptide based drug conjugates (PDCs), particularly for cancer therapy, as their use aims to bypass off-target side-effects, reducing the morbidity common to conventional chemotherapy. However, no PDCs have as yet obtained regulatory approval. In this review, we describe the evolution of the peptide-based strategy for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and discuss recent innovations in the arena that should lead in the near future to their clinical application.
WLAN traffic graphing application using simple network management protocol (2005)

As today's world is making transition from being wired to becoming wireless, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are gaining importance. Like the wired networks, WLANs also need to be managed. One of the key things in managing a WLAN is to monitor the bandwidth usage. This is possible by monitoring the network traffic at the wired and wireless interfaces of an access point, a device that acts as a bridge between the wireless and wired networks. In this work, we present a Web-based graphing application that can be used to monitor, collect, maintain, and visualize traffic data of the access points deployed in a network. The application uses the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to communicate with the access points in a network. This application can be used by network administrator to determine idle or underutilized access points as well as congested or overloaded access points in a network. This information can be used by the administrator for relocating the idle access points or deploying additional access points at the overloaded segments of a network for better load sharing. The application can also be used for educational purposes in a computer networking course.
Studies on dry‐jet‐wet spun polyurethane fibers. II. Effect of polyurethane shore hardness on spinnability and fiber properties (2009)

Abstract This article reports a study on the spinnability of three different ester type thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with shore hardness 75A, 85A, 92A using the dry‐jet‐wet spinning method. The three grades have been analyzed by FTIR, GPC, and 1 H‐NMR to establish the difference among them. FTIR indicated that all the three grades were chemically similar and GPC suggests that molecular weight increased with increase in shore hardness. Compositional analysis indicates that the hard segment content increases with increase in shore hardness. Shear viscosity of TPU dope solution increases with increase in shore hardness. Of the three different grades of TPUs studied, only the grades with shore hardness of 85A and 92A are spinnable under the experimental conditions. The fiber properties of three different grades have been compared. Fibers spun with the shore hardness of 85A have good elastomeric properties compared with the other two grades. Lab spun fibers have also been compared with the commercial spandex fibers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Radiative cooling with MgO and/or LiF layers (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Paul Berdahl, "Radiative cooling with MgO and/or LiF layers," Appl. Opt. 23, 370-372 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
StarFire: A Global SBAS for Sub-Decimeter Precise Point Positioning (2006)

The StarFire™ Global Satellite Based Augmentation System was developed by Deere and Company to provide a global Precise Point Positioning (PPP) capability for Precision Agriculture. With two USA based processing and distribution centers, StarFire has been commercially operational since 1999 and has expanded into the additional market segments of Land Survey, Construction, Military, Aerial Mapping and Hydrographic Positioning. Recent system modifications as presented in this paper have improved absolute positioning accuracies from the decimeter level to sub-decimeter. The paper provides an evolutionary synopsis and detailed overview of the current system architecture, including the reference network, communication infrastructure, data handling, network hub processing, operational redundancy, distribution mechanism, receiver hardware and real-time monitoring. A global common satellite visibility tool has been used to determine the level of observational redundancy within the reference network and the benefit provided by recent reference station additions. The communication network infrastructure improvements establish a new benchmark for reliability and robustness with real-time monitoring now at the system component level. The central processing hubs are based upon a version of the Real Time GIPSY (RTG) suite, originally developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for precise real time orbit and clock determination of GNSS. This has been refined to optimize positioning accuracy of NavCom developed GNSS hardware. Distribution of the StarFire orbit and clock parameters is via a highly optimized data stream to minimize bandwidth requirements, reduce the L-Band satellite transmission cost and ensure sufficient signal strength across the L-Band satellite footprint. Static precise point positioning performance is compared long term against International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) absolute coordinates for the global StarFire monitoring network. A kinematic dataset for an aerial platform illustrates dynamic StarFire performance with respect to ITRF based Post Processed Kinematic. Using NavCom GNSS hardware, additional comparisons in the position domain are made between StarFire, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS). StarFire real-time orbit and clock parameters compared to International GNSS Service Final post-processed orbit and clock parameters show agreement at the decimeter level. Combined GNSS and L-Band receiver hardware plus algorithm developments are presented with emphasis on tropospheric modeling, tidal models, integration of inertial sensors and reducing the convergence time for the precise point positioning algorithm to reach optimal accuracy. The paper also discusses RTK Extend™, the simultaneous use of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and StarFire orbits and clocks to extend RTK positioning accuracies when the RTK base station data link is lost. The paper concludes with a summary of the current StarFire Global SBAS PPP performance with suggestions for further research and enhancement.
A New Insight Into Correlation Between DC And AC Hot-carrier Degradation Of MOS Devices (1993)

Experimental comparison of DC and AC hot-carrier stress results suggest no indication of AC enhancement in digital circuits. Hot-carrier degradation behaviors of low and high-trap density oxides are compared to show that steep frequency degradation can be associated with high-trap density oxides. DC saturation drain current change can adequately explain such steep frequency degradation and is a better monitor for hot-carrier lifetime.
Formulation of epichlorohydrin cross-linked starch microspheres (2001)

The present work describes a water/oil emulsion technique for the production of microspheres by cross-linking soluble starch with epichlorohyrin, which is a very efficient divalent cross-linking agent for starch. Because they are important features for potential applications, such as pulmonary administration, special attention has been paid to control the mean particle size and size distribution. Microspheres ranging from 0.3-250 µm with narrow size distributions could be obtained. Due to the strongly basic nature of the aqueous phase, no stable emulsions could be obtained in the water/oil emulsion domains. In this context, the stirring rate during the emulsification step was crucial for controlling the particle size. Additionally, a high organic-to-aqueous phase ratio and the presence of a surfactant agent helped to prevent the coalescence of the droplets during the formation of the microspheres. The process was not sensitive to modifications of the chemical conditions, such as the cross-linking ratio, which allows variation of the chemical nature of the polymer forming the core of the microspheres without modifying their morphological characteristics.
Aging of Silica and Alumina Gels (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAging of Silica and Alumina GelsW. G. Schlaffer, C. R. Adams, and J. N. WilsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 5, 1530–1536Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100889a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100889a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of activation of hepatic branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase by a muscle factor. (1983)

We recently reported that a skeletal muscle factor specifically activates the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid (BCKA) dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria (Paul, H. S., and Adibi, S. A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12581-12588). The evidence suggested that the muscle factor may be a phosphatase or may stimulate the phosphatase in liver mitochondria, thus converting the inactive BCKA dehydrogenase into an active form. In the present study we have investigated these possibilities. The muscle factor did not increase the activity of BCKA dehydrogenase which was previously activated in vitro by preincubation of mitochondria or by the addition of Triton or Ca2+ to the incubation medium. The muscle factor had little or no stimulatory effect on BCKA dehydrogenase when this enzyme was activated in vivo by treatment of rats with streptozotocin or clofibrate. The addition of NaF (an inhibitor of phosphatase) to the incubation medium entirely abolished the stimulatory effect of the muscle factor on BCKA dehydrogenase. Elimination of phosphatase by partial purification of BCKA dehydrogenase resulted in loss of stimulation of the dehydrogenase by the muscle factor. These results suggest that the muscle factor activates the BCKA dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria by stimulating its associated phosphatase.
Modified (NaK)NbO<sub>3</sub>ceramics for transducer applications (1990)

Abstract Solid solutions of Na x K x−3y Pr y NbO3 where x = 0.5 and y = 0.05 and 0.1 were prepared by conventional ceramic technique. Two phase transitions were observed in dielectric studies. Curie temperature decreases as the concentration of rare-earth ion increases. The monoclinic lattice parameters are calculated from X-ray studies. Mechanical quality factor and frequency constant increases with Pr3+ addition.
Transgenic animals as tools for investigating hepatocyte gene regulation and liver disease. (1993)

Transgenic technology has been extensively used for studying regulation of expression of genes in the liver and for creating mouse models of liver diseases. The number and diversity of these studies is consistent with the myriad functions of the liver itself. Genes expressed in liver have been used to generate a variety of models for genetic engineering, with further promise for the future. Because of its size, diversity and extent of gene expression, and function as both an endocrine and exocrine tissue, the liver remains a focus of attention for transgenic experiments. Thus, although this tissue has already played a major role in the development and refinement of transgenic technology, it almost certainly will continue to be a tissue of major interest for gene transfer experiments. Because the liver is also a convenient target for somatic gene therapy vectors, transgenic mice will probably play an increasingly important role as tools for screening candidate vectors for somatic gene therapy, both for the efficiency of expression of the vectors and for the physiological consequences of such expression.
Particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulation of the hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation process (1999)

Hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation into a 200-mm-diam silicon wafer placed on top of a cylindrical stage has been numerically simulated by the particle-in-cell (PIC) and transport-and-mixing-from-ion-irradiation (TAMIX) methods. The PIC simulation is conducted based on the plasma comprising three hydrogen species H+, H2+, and H3+ in a ratio determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The local sputtering losses and retained doses are calculated by the Monte Carlo code TAMIX. The combined effect of the three species results in a maximum retained dose variation of 11.6% along the radial direction of the wafer, although the implanted dose variation derived by PIC is higher at 21.5%. Our results suggest that the retained dose variations due to off-normal incident ions can partially compensate for variations in incident dose dictated by plasma sheath conditions. The depth profile becomes shallower toward the edge of the wafer. Our results indicate that it is about 34% shallower at the edge, but within a radius of 6.375 cm, the depth of the peak only varies by about 5%. For plasma implantation process design, a combination of PIC and TAMIX is better than the traditional practice of using PIC alone.
Effect of tissue preservation on imaging using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (2005)

Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality that enables noninvasive imaging of tissue with 1- to 3-microm resolutions. Initial OCT studies have typically been performed using harvested tissue specimens (ex vivo). No reports have investigated postexcision tissue degradation on OCT image quality. We investigate the effects of formalin fixation and commonly used cell culture media on tissue optical scattering characteristics in OCT images at different times postexcision compared to in vivo conditions. OCT imaging at 800-nm wavelength with 1.5-mum axial resolution is used to image the hamster cheek pouch in vivo, followed by excision and imaging during preservation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media (DMEM), and 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Imaging is performed in vivo and at sequential time points postexcision from 15 min to 10 to 18 h. Formalin fixation results in increases in scattering intensity from the muscle layers, as well as shrinkage of the epithelium, muscle, and connective tissue of approximately 50%. PBS preservation shows loss of optical contrast within two hours, occurring predominantly in deep muscle and connective tissue. DMEM maintains tissue structure and optical scattering characteristics close to in vivo conditions up to 4 to 6 h after excision and best preserved tissue optical properties when compared to in vivo imaging.
New directions for macrolide antibiotics: pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy (1989)

Erythromycin and related macrolide antibiotics have recently enjoyed a resurgence of clinical interest. This is a result of activity against organisms which are becoming more prevalent, particularly in immunocompromised hosts and, in addition, better understanding of the unique tissue penetration properties and potential immunomodulating properties of macrolides. Other features of clinical interest possessed by certain of the newer macrolides include the potential for once-daily dosing, resistance to acid degradation in the stomach without enteric coating, and possibly reduced gastrointestinal side effects. The new macrolides are expected to retain the clinical indications of erythromycin, which include upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, and genital tract infections caused by erythromycin-susceptible organisms. In addition, enhanced activity has been demonstrated in animal models and in vitro against toxoplasma, Legionella, Haemophilus, and Campylobacter spp. New macrolide derivatives also show promise to expand the antimicrobial spectrum of erythromycin to include Mycobacterium and Borrelia spp.
Monotonic convergence of distributed interference pricing in wireless networks (2009)

We study distributed algorithms for allocating powers and/or adjusting beamforming vectors in a peer-to-peer wireless network which may have multiple-input-single-output (MISO) links. The objective is to maximize the total utility summed over all users, where each user's utility is a function of the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Each user (receiver) announces an interference price, representing the marginal cost of interference from other users. A particular user (transmitter) then updates its power and beamforming vector to maximize its utility minus the interference cost to other users, which is determined from their announced interference prices. We show that if each transmitter update is based on a current set of interference prices and the utility functions satisfy certain concavity conditions, then the total utility is non-decreasing with each update. The proof is based on the convexity of the utility functions with respect to received interference, and applies to rate utility functions, and an arbitrary number of interfering MISO links. The extension to multi-carrier links is discussed as well as algorithmic variations in which the prices are not immediately updated after power or beam updates.
Constrained adaptive filtering algorithms: asymptotic convergence properties for dependent data (1989)

The convergence properties of constrained adaptive filtering algorithms are established. The constraint is in the form of a bounded set in which the filter's coefficients must lie. A recursive procedure that converges to the deterministic solution of the constrained linear mean-square estimation problem is obtained, using an appropriate contraction mapping. The recursion is used to derive the adaptive algorithm for the filter coefficients. Bounds on the mean-square error of the coefficients. Bounds on the mean-square error of the estimates of the filter coefficients and on the excess error of the input signal estimate are derived for processes that are either strong mixing or asymptotically uncorrelated. The algorithms use a moving window of size n on the data from one adaptation step to the next. However, tighter bounds can be obtained when a skipped sampling mechanism is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>