gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Current Strategies and Future Directions (2012)

Recent discoveries in the spectrum of care for patients with DLBCL have prompted a renaissance for personalized cancer medicine and molecularly targeted therapy. Potential targets and novel drug combinations are undergoing continued study in the hope of achieving successful and personalized care of this disease.
Reliability analysis of a wireless transmission as a repairable system (2014)

Reliability of wireless transmission has been identified as an instrumental property in future 5G wireless systems due to the service expansion of 3GPP networks into domains such as Automotive and Industry. Apriori indication of the availability of the transmission link would enable opportunistic scheduling of safety critical services/applications when the link conditions are fair enough. Traditional reliability engineering methods such as Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD'S), life distributions and fault trees etc. can be used to predict the link availability. However, these methods can only be applied to binary states (up and down) and are more suitable for non-repairable systems only. This paper introduces the reliability analysis of the wireless transmission by considering the wireless transmission as a renewal process with arbitrary failure(A) and repair(/i) rates. Reliable service composition (graceful degradation of the service's reliability requirements) has also been introduced by employing multi-state markov chains. To this end, this paper also introduces two new Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) - Point Availability (PA) and Reliability Function R(t) for the reliability analysis of the transmission.
Synthetic aperture tomographic (SAT) imaging for microwave diagnostics (1982)

The theory and practice of microwave tomography using a multiview/CW/holographic mode (SAT) are presented. It is shown that this process, based on image assembly in image space using an inverse diffraction technique and convolution, is analogous to the convolution back-projection process used in X-ray CAT. The duality with the Fourier domain approach and the difference in the practical implementation of image assembly in the two domains are shown. Experimental results for objects composed of either metal scatterers or dielectric material are given.
IRES‐dependent translational control of <i>Cbfa1/Runx2</i> expression (2003)

The P1 and P2 promoters of the Cbfa1/Runx2 gene produce Type I and II mRNAs with distinct complex 5'-untranslated regions, respectively designated UTR1 and UTR2. To evaluate whether the 5'-UTRs impart different translational efficiencies to the two isoforms, we created SV40 promoter-UTR-luciferase reporter (luc) constructs in which the translational potential of the 5'-UTR regions was assessed indirectly by measurement of luciferase activity in transfected cell lines in vitro. In MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, UTR2 was translated approximately twice as efficiently as the splice variants of UTR1, whereas translation of unspliced UTR1 was repressed. To determine if the UTRs conferred internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation, we tested bicistronic SV40 promoter-Rluc-UTR-Fluc constructs in which Fluc is expressed only if the intercistronic UTR permits IRES-mediated translation. Transfection of bicistronic constructs into MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts demonstrated that both UTR2 and the spliced forms of UTR1 possess IRES activity. Similar to other cellular IRESs, activity increased with genotoxic stress induced by mitomycin C. In addition, we observed an osteoblastic maturation-dependent increase in IRES-mediated translation of both UTR2 and the spliced forms of UTR1. These findings suggest that Cbfa1 UTRs have IRES-dependent translational activities that may permit continued Cbfa1 expression under conditions that are not optimal for cap-dependent translation.
A Practical Synthesis of the F-Ring of Halichondrin B via Ozonolytic Desymmetrization of a<i> C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Dihydroxycyclohexene (2002)

C(2)-symmetric dihydroxycyclohexene 1 was desymmetrized via a one-pot Criegee ozonolysis/acylation protocol to afford acetal-lactone 2. Installation of the allyl side chain on the convex face of the bicyclic system and subsequent reduction provided the desired tetrahydrofuran 4 with the correct relative and absolute stereochemistries. Simple functional group manipulations led to the desired F-ring module 3 of halichondrin B.
Comparison of Different Boosting Strategies for Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines - A Modeling Study (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Boosted Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has been modeled and has demonstrated the potential to extend the engine's upper load limit. A commercially available engine simulation software (GT-PowerÖ) coupled to the University of Michigan HCCI combustion and heat transfer correlations was used to model a 4-cylinder boosted HCCI engine with three different boosting configurations: turbocharging, supercharging and series turbocharging. The scope of this study is to identify the best boosting approach in order to extend the HCCI engine's operating range. The results of this study are consistent with the literature: Boosting helps increase the HCCI upper load limit, but matching of turbochargers is a problem. In addition, the low exhaust gas enthalpy resulting from HCCI combustion leads to high pressures in the exhaust manifold increasing pumping work. The series turbocharging strategy appears to provide the largest load range extension. Single turbocharging is the most efficient but is limited by increased mass flow rates at increased engine speeds. Supercharging helps avoid the backpressure problem but the mechanical work of the supercharger reduces useful work affecting overall brake efficiency.</div></div>
MiRNA-Mediated Control of HLA-G Expression and Function (2012)

HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class-Ib molecule expressed mainly by the extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT) of the placenta. The expression of HLA-G on these fetal cells protects the EVT cells from immune rejection and is therefore important for a healthy pregnancy. The mechanisms controlling HLA-G expression are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miR-148a and miR-152 down-regulate HLA-G expression by binding its 3'UTR and that this down-regulation of HLA-G affects LILRB1 recognition and consequently, abolishes the LILRB1-mediated inhibition of NK cell killing. We further demonstrate that the C/G polymorphism at position +3142 of HLA-G 3'UTR has no effect on the miRNA targeting of HLA-G. We show that in the placenta both miR-148a and miR-152 miRNAs are expressed at relatively low levels, compared to other healthy tissues, and that the mRNA levels of HLA-G are particularly high and we therefore suggest that this might enable the tissue specific expression of HLA-G.
Optineurin is an autophagy receptor for damaged mitochondria in parkin-mediated mitophagy that is disrupted by an ALS-linked mutation (2014)

Mitophagy is a cellular quality control pathway in which the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin targets damaged mitochondria for degradation by autophagosomes. We examined the role of optineurin in mitophagy, as mutations in optineurin are causative for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and glaucoma, diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated. Using live cell imaging, we demonstrate the parkin-dependent recruitment of optineurin to mitochondria damaged by depolarization or reactive oxygen species. Parkin's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is required to ubiquitinate outer mitochondrial membrane proteins, allowing optineurin to stably associate with ubiquitinated mitochondria via its ubiquitin binding domain; in the absence of parkin, optineurin transiently localizes to damaged mitochondrial tips. Following optineurin recruitment, the omegasome protein double FYVE-containing protein 1 (DFCP1) transiently localizes to damaged mitochondria to initialize autophagosome formation and the recruitment of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3). Optineurin then induces autophagosome formation around damaged mitochondria via its LC3 interaction region (LIR) domain. Depletion of endogenous optineurin inhibits LC3 recruitment to mitochondria and inhibits mitochondrial degradation. These defects are rescued by expression of siRNA-resistant wild-type optineurin, but not by an ALS-associated mutant in the ubiquitin binding domain (E478G), or by optineurin with a mutation in the LIR domain. Optineurin and p62/SQSTM1 are independently recruited to separate domains on damaged mitochondria, and p62 is not required for the recruitment of either optineurin or LC3 to damaged mitochondria. Thus, our study establishes an important role for optineurin as an autophagy receptor in parkin-mediated mitophagy and demonstrates that defects in a single pathway can lead to neurodegenerative diseases with distinct pathologies.
Isolation in culture of a type C virus from a Japanese monkey seropositive to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens. (1983)

Co-cultivation of lymphocytes from two Japanese monkeys, one of which was seropositive to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigens (ATLA), gave rise to a lymphoid cell line derived from the anti-ATLA negative monkey. This cell line harbors ATLA and type C virus particles identical in morphology to ATL virus.
Technology Education in the United States of America ―Organization and Structure― (1997)

Over the past 15 years Technology Education has experienced a dramatic evolution within the educational community in the United States. To frame this evolution it is critical to address two fundamental issues that helped shape Technology Education in the United States. First, is the historical perspective. This is the lens from which we interpret change and implement its resulting effects. The second is philosophical perspective. This is what Duncan and Biddle (1974) identified as presage variables. Presage variables are all that educators bring to the institutions, programs, and classrooms they serve. Presage variables include such teacher characteristics as prior background, experience, education, and related factors that affect how they view and interpret events or actions that surround them. The factors of historical under pinning and educator presage variables, are critical to how Technology Education is conceptualized and implemented across the United States.
Dithiocarbamate‐incorporated monodisperse polystyrene microspheres as specific sorbents: Adsorption of cadmium ions (1996)

In this study, adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by using dithiocarbamate-incorporated monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene (PS)-based sorbents was investigated. Monodisperse PS microspheres with a diameter of 2 μm were produced by dispersion polymerization of styrene in isopropyl alcohol/water by using polyvinylpyrrolidone and azobisisobutyronitrile as stabilizer and initiator, respectively. These microspheres were then crosslinked by using divinylbenzene. In order to incorporate dithiocarbamate functional groups on the PS microsphere, first benzylamine was physically absorbed, then the amine groups were transformed into dithiocarbamate groups by interacting these microspheres with carbon disulphide. These PS-based sorbents carrying physically entrapped benzyl dithiocarbamate were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Adsorption of cadmium ions on the PS-based sorbents were investigated in the batch equilibrium experiments by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Adsorption rates were very fast. Adsorption equilibria were achieved within 5-60 min. The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 154.1 mg cadmium/g sorbent. The most suitable pH was 6.0. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Soil-Water Potential: Direct Measurement by a New Technique (1966)

Current methods of measuring the potential of water in soil are inadequate. It is proposed to depress the reference free energy of water by a predetermined amount from the standard level of pure free water at atmospheric pressure by use of a solute. The specific free-energy difference of soil water from the depressed reference can be measured as a pressure.
A Compact High-Speed Parallel Multiplication Scheme (1977)

This paper discusses a compact, fast, parallel multiplication scheme of the generation-reduction type using generalized Dadda-type pseudoadders for reduction and m X m multipliers for generation. The implications of present and future LSI are considered, a partitioning algorithm is presented, and the results obtained for a 24 X 24-bit implementation are discussed.
The intramyocardial pressure: a parameter of heart contractility. (1985)

A method of monitoring was developed to directly measure the intramyocardial pressure and to objectively assess the viability and contractility of a heart allograft before it is harvested, during its period of preservation and following its implantation. Intramyocardial pressure was measured in the subendocardial and subepicardial regions using implantable solid state sensors. The data demonstrated that a normally contracting in situ heart exhibits a transmural intramyocardial pressure gradient, the systolic subendocardial pressure being consistently greater than the left ventricle and subepicardial pressures. Subendocardial pressure markedly changes during inotropic stimulation or myocardial ischemia. In three canine allografts and in an isolated, perfused and vented beating heart similar responses were observed during pharmacologic and hemodynamic testing. The intramyocardial pressure measurement proved to be relatively insensitive to preload and afterload changes provided coronary perfusion remained unaltered. Ventricular fibrillation produced an elevated and oscillating intramyocardial pressure while cardioplegic arrest reduced it to near zero. Diastolic pressure measurements were most sensitive to detect myocardial contracture ("stone" heart) during which intramyocardial pressure increased significantly. The "stone" heart exhibited persistent mechanical activity despite no visible contraction. The edematous heart's response to inotropic stimulation was reduced. Ischemia induced by inadequate perfusion was detected by a rapid drop in systolic intramyocardial pressure, preferentially affecting the endocardial region. This study establishes that the change in diastolic intramyocardial pressures in response in inotropic stimulus is a reliable indicator of myocardial contractility and viability and could be used during the procurement and preservation of the heart for transplantation.
Effect of 250 and 1000 ppm fluoride dentifrice on caries. A three-year clinical study. (1982)

In a 3-year clinical trial, the caries prophylactic effect of two dentifrices containing 1000 ppm F and one containing 250 ppm F was compared. 541 twelve and thirteen-year-old children took part in the study. The children were randomly divided into three groups. Each group of children and their families used one of the dentifrices daily at home. The children were examined for caries at the start of the study and again after an interval of one year. The caries increment was equal in the three groups during the experimental period. This indicates that a 250 ppm F dentifrice has the same caries preventive effect as a 1000 ppm F dentifrice.
Photosensitizing Hollow Nanocapsules for Combination Cancer Therapy (2011)

Many layers make light work: Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of a dendritic porphyrin (red; see picture) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (blue) on polystyrene nanoparticles followed by removal of the polystyrene core produces multifunctional hollow nanocapsules. These species can be both loaded with anticancer drugs and used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and therefore have potential in combined cancer therapy.
Louis E. Favre. — Le Rhône de sa source à la mer et le lac Léman. Guides du canoéiste, n°XXIV. Troisième édition revue et mise à jour (1937)

Allix André. Louis E. Favre. — Le Rhône de sa source à la mer et le lac Léman. Guides du canoéiste, n°XXIV. Troisième édition revue et mise à jour. In: Les Études rhodaniennes, vol. 13, n°2, 1937. p. 145.
Ginsenoside Rh2 promotes nonamyloidgenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein via a cholesterol-dependent pathway (2014)

Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a ginseng derivative used in Chinese traditional medicine. We investigated whether Rh2 can help prevent Alzheimer's disease symptoms and examined underlying mechanisms. We injected Rh2 into tg2576 Alzheimer's disease model mice and looked for behavioral improvement and senile plaque reduction in brain slices. We measured amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism species changes, amyloid beta40 and 42 levels and β, γ secretase activity in primary hippocampal neurons. By living cell staining, we detected surface and endocytosed APP. We also measured cholesterol and lipid rafts in primary neurons. Rh2 treatment significantly improved learning and memory performance at 14 months of age; it also reduced brain senile plaques at this age. Based on in vitro experiments, we found that Rh2 treatment increased soluble APPα (sAPPα) levels, increased CTFα/β ratios, and reduced amyloid beta 40 and 42 concentrations. Surface APP levels dramatically increased. Based on living cell staining, we found that Rh2 inhibited APP endocytosis. Based on lipid removal and reload experiments, we found that Rh2 can modulate APP by reducing cholesterol and lipid raft levels. We concluded that Rh2 improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease model mice, and that this improvement is accomplished by reducing amyloid beta secretion and APP endocytosis, which in turn is achieved by reducing cholesterol and lipid raft concentrations.
Dioxygen and the Vitamin K-Dependent Synthesis of Prothrombin (2008)

It has been shown that bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase inhibits the gamma-carboxylation of glutamyl residues in the precursor of prothrombin and in a related synthetic peptide by a vitamin K-dependent rat liver microsomal carboxylase. In the same conditions a simple copper(II) tyrosinyl complex also inhibits the carobxylation. The formation of the vitamin K epoxide by the same systems is inhibited by both superoxide dismutase and catalase. It is suggested that the formation of the epoxide is a process distinct from carboxylation, representing perhaps a protective mechanism against the superoxide ion, or species derived therefrom, generated by the reaction of reduced vitamin K with dioxygen. Furthermore, the possibility that the carboxylating species is formed by the reaction of the superoxide ion, or species derived therefrom, with carbon dioxide, is proposed.
Adaptive Sub-Threshold Test Circuit (2009)

Emerging ubiquitous systems such as distributed sensor networks require ultra-low power consumption. The energy minimum and thus, the lowest possible power consumption of CMOS logic, is achieved in the sub-threshold region. The exponential dependence of the drain current on threshold voltage variations leads to increased overdesign if sub-threshold circuits are to be robust. Adaptive systems are required to address variability robustness. One approach to achieve adaptivity is timing error detection (TED) within the circuit. Presented here is a TED latch capable of sub-threshold operation. It was designed in 65 nm technology, has an operating voltage range of 0.25 V through 1.2 V, and a minimum energy point (MEP) of 0.4 V. At the MEP, the average power consumption for one clock period and an activity factor of alpha=0.5 is 0.43 nW. The area of the TED latch is 101-um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A sub-threshold CORDIC implementation is presented to demonstrate the TED latch at a system level.
Oxazolone, II. Über die saure Hydrolyse von <i>N‐tert</i>‐Butyl‐2‐oxo‐4,5‐diphenyl‐4‐oxazolin‐3‐carboxamid (1976)

Abstract N‐ tert ‐Butyl‐2‐ oxo ‐4,5‐diphenyl‐4‐oxazolin‐3‐carboxamid (2) reagiert mit einer Mischung aus Eisessig und 63 proz. Bromwasserstoffsäure zu (±)‐(α‐Benzoylbenzyl)ammoniumbromid (4·HBr) und 4,5‐Diphenyl‐4‐imidazolin‐2‐on (7). 4. HBr entsteht durch Hydrolyse des intermediär auftretenden 4,5‐Diphenyl‐4‐oxazolin‐2‐ons (l), 7 wahrscheinlich über (±)‐ N ‐(cr‐Benzoylbenzyl)‐N′‐ tert ‐butylharnstoff (5) und 1 ‐tert‐Butyl‐4,5‐diphenyl‐4‐imidazolin‐2‐on (6). Aus den Untersuchungen resultieren neue Darstellungsverfahren für die Verbindungen 1, 4 und 7.
Light treatment of seasonal affective disorder in Switzerland (1986)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) has been characterised by two or more depressive episodes in autumn or winter (with remission the following spring or summer), decreased energy, increased sleep, increased appetite, weight gain and carbohydrate craving. SAD patients were identified in a Swiss-German population; 22 participated in a light-therapy protocol (1 week bright white light 2,500 lux or dim yellow light 250 lux, from 06-08 h and 18-20 h). Both observer and self-ratings indicated a significant diminution of depressive symptoms with both lights. One week after withdrawal from yellow light, depression ratings relapsed to previous values; remission lasted longer after bright white light. Global VAS self-rating scales for "mood" and "well-being" however, and the Hamilton scale for atypical SAD symptoms, differentiated clearly between bright and dim light: only bright light showed an improvement that persisted after withdrawal. These results suggest that even though a placebo effect cannot be excluded, 4 h explicit light exposure/day may not be a negligible quantity. Light treatment promises to be a useful non-pharmacological intervention in certain forms of depressive illness.
Dose-Response Relation Between Physical Activity and Fitness (2007)

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Synthesis of dye/fluorescent functionalized dendrons based on cyclotriphosphazene (2011)

Functionalized phenols based on tyramine were synthesized in order to be selectively grafted on to hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, affording a variety of functionalized dendrons of type AB(5). The B functions comprised fluorescent groups (dansyl) or dyes (dabsyl), whereas the A function was provided by either an aldehyde or an amine. The characterization of these dendrons is reported. An unexpected behaviour of a fluorescent and water-soluble dendron based on dansyl groups in mixtures of dioxane/water was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINES. LIV. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐OXOBENZO(F)QUINAZOLINES (1976)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Naphthylamins (I) mit Benzalbisharnstoff (Molverhältnis 1:2) in siedendem Eisessig liefert ein Gemisch der Benzochinazolin‐Derivate (II) und (III).