gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hardware Architecture of a Counter-Based Entropy Coder (2012)

This paper describes a hardware architectural design of a real-time counter based entropy coder at a register transfer level (RTL) computing model. The architecture is based on a lossless compression algorithm called Rice coding, which is optimal for an entropy range of 5 . 2 5 . 1 H bits per sample. The architecture incorporates a word-splitting scheme to extend the entropy coverage into a range of 5 . 7 5 . 1 H
Isolated DC-DC UPS based in a forward-forward converter analysis and design (2008)

This paper presents the analysis, design and simulation from a simple DC-UPS converter with integrated back-up and automatic transition. This converter makes automatic transition between the main AC and the battery when a failure occurs, and it delivers uninterrupted DC power to the load through two independent power sources of commercial input power and battery power. The converter has the following characteristics: automatic transition between the main and the battery, no additional control to detect failure in the main, single structure, galvanic isolation, multi output voltages capability and only one switch control for two operation modes normal and back-up. The analysis, design, simulation and experimental results for this converter are presented.
Navigation Analysis Tool based on the Correlation be- tween Contents Distribution and Access Patterns (2000)

This paper proposes a tool to assist web site publishers in improving their web site design. The tool uses an analysis technique that discovers the gap between web site publisher expectations and user behavior. The former are extracted by measuring the inter-page conceptual relevance and/or link connectivity. On the other hand, the latter is extracted by measuring the inter-page access co-occurrence. By evaluating the correlation between them, the tool discovers pages which should be improved in terms of web site design. It further uses a visualization technique using polar coordinate system to assist publishers in inspecting user access patterns in these pages. This technique will assist in finding clues for improving discovered gaps. The effectiveness of the tool is validated by case studies.
Chip-planning, placement, and global routing of macro/custom cell integrated circuits using simulated annealing (1988)

The algorithms and the implementation of a new macro/custom cell chip-planning, placement, and global routing package are presented. The simulated-annealing-based placement algorithm proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, the interconnect area around the individual cells is determined using a new dynamic interconnect area estimator. The second stage consists of: (1) a channel definition step, using a new channel definition algorithm, (2) a global routing step, using a new global router algorithm, and (3) a placement refinement step. This strategy has produced placements which require very little placement modification during detailed routing. Total interconnect length savings of 8 to 49 percent were achieved in experiments on 9 industrial circuits. Furthermore, circuit-area reductions ranged from 4 to 56 percent versus a variety of other placement methods.
Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description) (2004)

Sphaerobacter thermophilus was originally classified as the deepest branching member of the phylum Actinobacteria (high-G+C, Gram-positive bacteria) based on 16S rRNA gene comparative analysis. However, the analysis lacked suitable outgroups, and additional 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that it is most closely related to Thermomicrobium roseum, which it also resembles phenotypically. Furthermore, both species are reproducibly affiliated with the phylum Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria), despite T. roseum currently being classified in its own phylum, the Thermomicrobia. Transfer of Sphaerobacter to the class Thermomicrobia, and transfer of the class Thermomicrobia to the phylum Chloroflexi, are proposed. Descriptions for the phylum Chloroflexi and the class Thermomicrobia are emended to reflect the proposed changes in classification.
Electrical impedance cardiogram in derivation of systolic time intervals. (1978)

The reliability and use of the differentiated electrical impedance cardiogram (dZ/dt) in calculating systolic time intervals were assessed in 185 subjects under varying conditions. In the first phase, simultaneous recording of carotid pulse, dZ/dt, electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram (PCG) was obtained in 50 normal volunteers under controlled conditions. In the second phase dZ/dt, electro- cardiogram and phonocardiogram were obtained initially, and carotid pulses, electrocardiograms, and phonocardiograms were recorded immediately afterwards. Serial recordings were obtained in 35 subjects at sea-level, and at 3658 m altitude after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 days of induction. The subjects returned to sea-level and daily studies were carried out days 2 and 3. It was found that the impedance ventricular ejection time (LVET.) and the ventricular ejection time derived from the carotid pulse (LVETc) were within 10 ms of each other in all recordings and a close correlation was obtained between the two (R = 0.976). The impedance pre-ejection period (PEPZ) obtained by direct measurement (from the onset of the Q wave of the electrocardiogram to the onset of dZ/dt wave form) also had an excellent correlation with carotid pre-ejection period (PEP,) obtained by the formula QS2 -LVETc (R = 0.91), where QS2 represents electromechanical systole.
Dried blood spot self-sampling at home is a feasible technique for hepatitis C RNA detection (2020)

To facilitate HCV diagnosis, we developed an HCV-RNA testing service, which involved home-sampled dried blood spots (DBS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of self-sampling at home. Furthermore, to optimise the processing of DBS samples for RNA detection, we evaluated two elution buffers: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and L6-buffer. 27 HCV-RNA and 12 HIV-1 RNA positive patients were included. Laboratory spotted DBS (LabDBS) were made by a technician from blood samples drawn at inclusion. Patients received a DBS home-sampling kit and were requested to return their self-sampled DBS (ssDBS) by mail. We compared the RNA load of PBS and L6-eluted labDBS, and of L6-eluted ssDBS, L6-eluted labDBS and plasma. LabDBS load measurements were repeated after 7-13 and 14-21 days to evaluate RNA stability. All 39 plasma samples provided quantifiable RNA loads. In 1/39 labDBS sample, RNA could not be detected (plasma HCV load: 2.98 log10 IU/ml). L6-eluted samples gave a 0.7 log10 and 0.6 log10 higher viral load for HCV and HIV-1 respectively, compared to PBS-eluted samples. Strong correlations were found between labDBS and ssDBS HCV RNA (r = 0.833; mean difference 0.3 log10 IU/mL) and HIV-1 RNA results (r = 0.857; mean difference 0.1 log10 copies/mL). Correlations between labDBS and plasma values were high for HCV (r = 0.958) and HIV-1 (r = 0.844). RNA loads in DBS remained stable over 21 days. Our study demonstrates that self-sampling dried blood spots at home is a feasible strategy for the detection of HCV and HIV-1 RNA. This could facilitate one-step diagnostics and treatment monitoring in communities with high HCV prevalence.
A Secure Information Flow Architecture for Web Services (2008)

Current Web service platforms (WSPs) often perform all Web services-related processing, including security-sensitive information handling, in the same protection domain. Consequently, the entire WSP may have access to security-sensitive information such as credit card numbers, forcing us to trust a large and complex piece of software. To address this problem, we propose ISO-WSP, a new information flow architecture that decomposes current WSPs into two parts executing in separate protection domains: (1) a small trusted T-WSP to handle security-sensitive data, and (2) a large, legacy untrusted U-WSP that provides the normal WSP functionality, but uses the T-WSP for security-sensitive data handling. By restricting security-sensitive data access to T-WSP, ISO-WSP reduces the software complexity of trusted code, thereby improving the testability of ISO-WSP. Using a prototype implementation based on the Apache Axis2 WSP, we show that ISO-WSP reduces software complexity of trusted components by a factor of five, while incurring a modest performance overhead of few milliseconds per request.
Measurements of stable isotope ratios(<sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>/<sup>12</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>; <sup>12</sup>CH<sub>3</sub>D/<sup>12</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>) in landfill methane using a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (1995)

Variations in the isotopic composition (δ 13 C, δD) of methane produced within a landfill site near Mainz, Germany, were studied using a newly developed tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) method. Additional data on the mixing ratios of CO 2 , O 2 , N 2 , CH 4 itself and δ 13 C of the CO 2 in the landfill gas were also acquired. Samples taken from several branches of the landfill biogas collection system had methane isotopic compositions in the range δ 13 C = −62.3 to −55.3‰ VPDB ( n = 23) and δD = −327 to −287‰ VSMOW ( n = 23). Although the variability of the stable isotope ratios is small, several significant correlations were found between these and the other measured parameters, which provide insight into the microbiological processes occurring within the landfill. Several samples showed evidence of admixture of atmospheric air which occurs when the pumping rate in the collection branch exceeds the local methane production rate. A fraction of the atmospheric oxygen is consumed during the passage through the landfill and CO 2 is produced in addition to the CO 2 associated with methanogenesis. The consumption of oxygen is correlated with the δ 13 C and δD of CH 4 and the δ 13 C of CO 2 . The correlation is consistent with partial bacterial oxidation of CH 4 resulting in the progressive enrichment of the remaining CH 4 (α(δ 13 C) = 1.008 ± 0.003 and α(δD) = 1.044 ± 0.020) and in the formation of very depleted CO 2 . For samples showing no evidence of oxidation, there was a negative correlation between δD and δ 13 C(CH 4 )( r = −0.86, n = 14) and between δ 13 C(CO 2 ) and δ 13 C(CH 4 ) ( r = −0.95, n = 14), which we interpret as originating from slightly varying contributions from the two methanogenic pathways CO 2 reduction and acetate fermentation.
Accelerating data-driven discovery with scientific asset management (2016)

The overhead and burden of managing data in complex discovery processes involving experimental protocols with numerous data-producing and computational steps has become the gating factor that determines the pace of discovery. The lack of comprehensive systems to capture, manage, organize and retrieve data throughout the discovery life cycle leads to significant overheads on scientists' time and effort, reduced productivity, lack of reproducibility, and an absence of data sharing. In “creative fields” like digital photography and music, digital asset management (DAM) systems for capturing, managing, curating and consuming digital assets like photos and audio recordings, have fundamentally transformed how these data are used. While asset management has not taken hold in eScience applications, we believe that transformation similar to that observed in the creative space could be achieved in scientific domains if appropriate ecosystems of asset management tools existed to capture, manage, and curate data throughout the scientific discovery process. In this paper, we introduce DERIVA, a framework and infrastructure for asset management in eScience and present initial results from its usage in active research use cases.
The human hematopoietic stem cell compartment is heterogeneous for CXCR4 expression (2000)

The chemokine stromal derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) has been implicated recently in the chemotaxis of primitive human hematopoietic cells, suggesting that pluripotent human stem cells express the SDF-1alpha receptor, CXCR4. By using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we have identified and isolated primitive subsets of human CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(-) cells. Distinctions in the progenitor content and response to SDF-1alpha in vitro indicate that CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(-) cells represent discrete populations of primitive blood cells. The i.v. transplantation of these subfractions into immune-deficient mice established that both possess comparable engraftment capacity in vivo. Human myeloid, lymphoid, and primitive CD34(+) CXCR4(+) cells were present in chimeric animals transplanted with either subset, indicating that CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(-) stem cells have equivalent proliferative and differentiative abilities. Our study indicates that the human stem cell compartment is heterogeneous for CXCR4 expression, suggesting that the relationship between CXCR4 expression and stem cell repopulating function is not obligatory.
Resistance to aspirin and clopidogrel therapy (2010)

Data from ongoing and future studies are awaited to better understand this entity and to highlight the most appropriate treatment strategies.
High intrinsic coercivities in iron-rare earth-carbon-boron alloys through the carbide or boro-carbide Fe14R2X (X=B<i>x</i>C1−<i>x</i>) (1987)

In the phase Fe14R2X, where R is a lanthanide and X is either boron or carbon, or a mixture of the two, the extent of stability of the carbides and their miscibility with the borides is traced for the lighter rare-earth metals. Like the borides, the carbides are magnetically hard, but unlike them, they do not normally crystallize from the melt, and this property is exploited to produce intrinsic coercivities above 12 kOe in cast materials without the added special processing step of sintering or melt spinning. The high coercivity is related to a cellular microstructure of Fe14R2X in which the cell size is approximately 1 μm. The cell structure, which originates in a peritectoidlike transformation from primary Fe17R2, is quite stable and does not change during prolonged annealing. The coercivity is sensitive to variations in composition.
Technical considerations in powered instrumentation. (1997)

This article reviews some of the technical engineering aspects of the soft-tissue shavers and bone-cutting drills. An improved understanding of these principles may allow the practicing surgeon to optimize the desired aggressiveness and precision of the instrument in his or her hands. Powered instrumentation has found extended uses beyond sinus disease, such as submental lipectomy (soft-tissue shaver) and modifying the bony nasal dorsum (bone cutting bur). Changes in drill design to address these and other surgical situations are discussed.
Small-Particle Aerosols of Antiviral Compounds in Treatment of Type A Influenza Pneumonia in Mice (1976)

Journal Article Small-Particle Aerosols of Antiviral Compounds in Treatment of Type A Influenza Pneumonia in Mice Get access Jerry S. Walker, Jerry S. Walker U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Jerry S. Walker, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21701. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Stephen, Edward L. Stephen U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard O. Spertzel Richard O. Spertzel U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 133, Issue Supplement_2, June 1976, Pages A140–A144, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/133.Supplement_2.A140 Published: 01 June 1976
Phase separation technique for liquid dispersions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase separation technique for liquid dispersionsPradeep M. Bapat and Lawrence L. TavlaridesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1984, 23, 1, 120–123Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/i100013a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (502 KB) Get e-Alerts
Predicting Subcutaneous Glucose Concentration in Humans: Data-Driven Glucose Modeling (2008)

The combination of predictive data-driven models with frequent glucose measurements may provide for an early warning of impending glucose excursions and proactive regulatory interventions for diabetes patients. However, from a modeling perspective, before the benefits of such a strategy can be attained, we must first be able to quantitatively characterize the behavior of the model coefficients as well as the model predictions as a function of prediction horizon. We need to determine if the model coefficients reflect viable physiologic dependencies of the individual glycemic measurements and whether the model is stable with respect to small changes in noise levels, leading to accurate near-future predictions with negligible time lag. We assessed the behavior of linear autoregressive data-driven models developed under three possible modeling scenarios, using continuous glucose measurements of nine subjects collected on a minute-by-minute basis for approximately 5 days. Simulation results indicated that stable and accurate models for near-future glycemic predictions (< 60 min) with clinically acceptable time lags are attained only when the raw glucose measurements are smoothed and the model coefficients are regularized. This study provides a starting point for further needed investigations before real-time deployment can be considered.
Early Childhood Development (2013)

Abstract This introductory chapter has been designed to provide a broad definition of early childhood development (ECD) and a detailed description of the conceptual organizing framework of the volume. The definition of ECD is both comprehensive and multidisciplinary, in keeping with the tone and contributions to the volume. The framework has been designed with consideration of the global implications for ECD programs and policies. This introductory chapter provides a brief overview and description of every chapter in the book by section, including the commentaries.
[Cholecystokinins and their receptors. Functional aspects]. (1992)

The term cholecystokinin (CCK) refers to a family of related peptides whose members play hormonal roles in the gastro-intestinal tract. The sulfated octapeptide CCK-8 [Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2] is also abundant throughout the central nervous system where it satisfies the criteria for a neurotransmitter. CCK interacts with at least two types of receptor called CCK-A and CCK-B receptors. These binding sites can be distinguished on the basis of their affinities for different molecular forms of CCK. Moreover, selective nonpeptide antagonists have been developed for CCK-A and CCK-B receptors. CCK-A receptors occur predominantly at the peripheral level where they are responsible for the digestive effects of CCK: intestinal and biliary smooth muscle contraction, pancreatic enzyme secretion, trophic effects on gastric and intestinal mucosa and regulation of feeding. Some brain CCK-receptors belong to the A-type, but the majority of them are CCK-B receptors. High densities of brain CCK-B receptors are present in cortical and limbic areas such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. At the peripheral level, CCK-B receptor antagonists are active on gastrin receptors, and these two receptors are similar if not identical. Experimental evidence suggests involvement of brain CCK processes in 4 domains: modulation of dopaminergic function, control of pain sensation, anxiety and memory formation. Thus, CCK-B antagonists may be useful to treat certain neuropathological conditions associated with CCK dysfunction.
Kinetic Study of Flavonoid Reactions with Stable Radicals (2004)

The antiradical activities of some flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, robinetin, quercetagetin, and myricetin), flavones (apigenin, baicalein, and luteolin), flavanones (naringenin and dihydroquercetin), and flavanols [(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin] were determined by measuring the reaction kinetics with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and alpha,gamma-bisdiphenylene-beta-phenylallyl (BDPA) radicals. The reactions, which follow the mixed second-order rate law, were investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions by use of a large excess of flavonoids, and their stoichiometry was determined by spectrophotometric titration. The results confirm stoichiometric factors of 1, 2, and 3 for flavonoids with one, two, and three hydroxyl groups in the B-ring, respectively, excluding kaempferol, which, despite a single OH group in the B-ring, has a factor of 2, which is explained by the 3-OH group supporting the reaction with free radicals. Structure-activity considerations indicate for the present series of flavonoids the importance of multiple OH substitutions and conjugation. The logarithms of reaction rate constants with the OH, DPPH, and BDPA radicals correlate well with the reduction potential of the flavonoids.
Achievements of ISP steelmaking technology (2010)

(2010). Achievements of ISP steelmaking technology. Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Vol. 37, European Rolling, pp. 251-256.
Nkx3.1 mutant mice recapitulate early stages of prostate carcinogenesis. (2002)

Recent studies of human cancers and mutant mouse models have implicated the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene as having a key role in prostate carcinogenesis. Consistent with such a role, here we show that Nkx3.1 displays growth-suppressing activities in cell culture, and that aged Nkx3.1 mutant mice display histopathological defects resembling prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), the presumed precursor of human prostate cancer. Using a tissue recombination approach, we found that PIN-like lesions from Nkx3.1 mutants can undergo progressively severe histopathological alterations after serial transplantation in nude mice. Our findings indicate that Nkx3.1 loss-of-function is a critical event in prostate cancer initiation, and that Nkx3.1 mutant mice accurately model early stages of prostate carcinogenesis. More generally, our tissue recombination assay provides an empirical test to examine the relationship of PIN to prostate carcinoma.
Cloud detection in satellite imagery using graphics processing units (2013)

Cloud detection and removal forms an important need for change detection studies. A small amount of cloud cover may misinterpret the crucial information in disaster management applications. Although several cloud detection techniques exist, there is a critical need to apply these techniques in real time and obtain the cloud free images quickly to support real time decisions.