gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure of Firefighters to Particulates and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2014)

Firefighting continues to be among the most hazardous yet least studied occupations in terms of exposures and their relationship to occupational disease. Exposures are complex, involving mixtures of particles and chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Adverse health effects associated with these agents include elevated incidences of coronary heart disease and several cancers. PAHs have been detected at fire scenes, and in the firehouse rest area and kitchen, routinely adjoining the truck bay, and where firefighters spend a major part of each shift. An academic-community partnership was developed with the Cincinnati Fire Department with the goal of understanding active firefighters' airborne and dermal PAH exposure. PAHs were measured in air and particulates, and number and mass concentrations, respectively, of submicron (0.02-1 μm) and PM2.5 (2.5 μm diameter and less) particles during overhaul events in two firehouses and a University of Cincinnati administrative facility as a comparison location. During overhaul firefighters evaluate partially combusted materials for re-ignition after fire extinguishment and commonly remove Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Face and neck wipes were also collected at a domestic fire scene. Overhaul air samples had higher mean concentrations of PM2.5 and submicron particles than those collected in the firehouse, principally in the truck bay and kitchen. Among the 17 PAHs analyzed, only naphthalene and acenaphthylene were generally detectable. Naphthalene was present in 7 out of 8 overhaul activities, in 2 out of 3 firehouse (kitchen and truck bay) samples, and in none collected from the control site. In firefighter face and neck wipes a greater number of PAHs were found, several of which have carcinogenic activity, such as benzofluoranthene, an agent also found in overhaul air samples. Although the concentration for naphthalene, and all other individual PAHs, was very low, the potential simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals even in small quantities in combination with high ultrafine particle exposure deserves further study. It is recommended that personal respiratory and skin protection be worn throughout the overhaul process.
Optical Pumping System Design for Large Production of Hyperpolarized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Xe</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>129</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math> (2006)

We present a design for a spin-exchange optical pumping system to produce large quantities of highly polarized 129Xe. Low xenon concentrations in the flowing gas mixture allow the laser to maintain high Rb polarization. The large spin-exchange rate between Rb and 129Xe through the long-lived van der Waals molecules at low pressure, combined with a high flow rate, results in large production rates of hyperpolarized xenon. We report a maximum polarization of 64% achieved for a 0.3 l/h Xe flow rate, and maximum magnetization output of 6 l/h at 22% polarization. Our findings regarding the polarization dependence on temperature, nitrogen partial pressure, and gas mixture flow velocity are also reported.
Influence of Temperature Variation on Optical Receiver Sensitivity and its Compensation (2007)

In the paper, the influence of temperature variation on the sensitivity of an avalanche-photodiode-based optical receiver applied in the free space optical communication link is discussed. Communication systems of this type are exposed to a wide range of operating temperatures, which markedly affect many photodiode and preamplifier parameters. The paper presents a receiver sensitivity calculation, taking into consideration the temperature dependence of avalanche photodiode gain, excess noise factor, dark current and thermal noise of preamplifier resistances, and describes the compensation of temperature effects on photodiode gain based on a corresponding change in the reverse voltage applied to the diode. The calculations are demonstrated on the connection of a small-area silicon APD operating in the wavelength range from 820 to 1150 nm with a transimpedance preamplifier using a bipolar junction transistor.
Fluidic actuation of an elastomeric grating (2012)

A fluidic chamber with an elastomeric grating membrane is fabricated. Grating groove spacing is modified through membrane deformation via fluid injection. Tunable diffraction output is demonstrated. At normal incidence, the diffraction angle changes by 14.2° and 9.8° for incident wavelengths 632.8 and 488 nm, respectively, with an injected fluid volume of 1 ml.
Impact of Variation in the <i>FTO</i> Gene on Whole Body Fat Distribution, Ectopic Fat, and Weight Loss (2008)

Polymorphisms in the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been identified to be associated with obesity and diabetes in large genome-wide association studies. We hypothesized that variation in the FTO gene has an impact on whole body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity, and influences weight change during lifestyle intervention. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped 1,466 German subjects, with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, for single-nucleotide polymorphism rs8050136 in the FTO gene and estimated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Distribution of fat depots was quantified using whole body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy in 298 subjects. Two-hundred and four subjects participated in a lifestyle intervention program and were examined after a follow-up of 9 months. In the cross-sectional analysis, the A allele of rs8050136 in FTO was associated with a higher BMI, body fat, and lean body mass (all P < 0.001). There was a significant effect of variation in the FTO gene on subcutaneous fat (P < or = 0.05) and a trend for liver fat content, nonvisceral adipose tissue, and visceral fat (all P < or = 0.1). However, the single-nucleotide polymorphism was not associated with insulin sensitivity or secretion independent of BMI (all P > 0.05). During lifestyle intervention, there was also no influence of the FTO polymorphism on changes in body weight or fat distribution. In conclusion, despite an association with BMI and whole body fat distribution, variation in the FTO locus has no effect on the success of a lifestyle intervention program.
A nonintrusive partial discharge measurement system based on RF technology (2004)

Conventional electrical measurements of PD are performed with detectors connected to the plant. This paper describes research conducted in conjunction with the National Grid Company and the radiocommunications agency for the radiometric detection of partial discharge sources via a novel noncontact digital method. The equipment uses an antenna sensor and reference voltage inputs which are directly sampled at 2.5 GHz. Results for hv laboratory tests involving air, SF6 and oil discharges are presented. The results include the waveform, average frequency spectrum and pulse count distribution. A proposal is made for the characterisation of the recorded impulses from these different breakdown effects based on analysis of the spectra and pulse count distributions.
The influence of tibial slope on maximal flexion after total knee arthroplasty (2004)

Many surgeons believe that increasing the tibial slope in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is beneficial with regard to maximal postoperative flexion. Review of the clinical literature, however, does not confirm this hypothesis, neither does it give an answer to the question of how much flexion gain can be expected per degree extra tibial slope. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate and quantify the influence of tibial slope on maximal postoperative flexion in contemporary posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-retaining TKA. Twenty-one cadaver simulations of a standard PCL-retaining TKA were studied while reproducing identical deep flexion femorotibial kinematics as documented by three-dimensional computer-aided videofluoroscopy from patients with well-functioning TKAs of the same design. In each knee the tibial component was consecutively implanted with 0 degrees posterior slope, 4 degrees posterior slope, and 7 degrees posterior slope. Maximal flexion was recorded for each configuration. Average maximal flexion at 0 degrees tibial slope was 104 degrees, and increased significantly to 112 degrees when the same knees were implanted with 4 degrees tibial slope. Increasing the slope further to 7 degrees again significantly improved average maximal flexion to 120 degrees. When postoperative radiographic tibial slope was compared to maximal flexion, an average gain of 1.7 degrees flexion for every degree extra tibial slope was noted. Increasing the tibial slope in PCL-retaining TKA does indeed improve maximal flexion before tibial insert impingement occurs against the femoral bone. The surgeon can expect an average gain of 1.7 degrees flexion for every degree extra tibial slope.
EFFECTS OF GREEN COFFEE BEAN EXTRACT IN SOME BIOMARKERS OF ADULT BRAZILIAN SUBJECTS (2009)

<p align="justify"> The purpose of the present study was to analyze the acute effects of the green coffee extracts consumption in some biomarkers of adult Brazilian subjects. Twenty healthy adult subjects between 18 and 35 years old of different sex and ethnic groups took part in the present study. All participants were submitted a 12 hours overnight fast before experiments. Plasma and serum biochemical parameters were measured in distinct intervals after a breakfast standard ingestion and 0.6 L of green coffee been extract consumption. No statistically differences (Wilcoxon test) on serum lipid profi le and plasmatic homocysteine concentration were noted after green coffee beverage intake. Caffeine has been associated with increase of the glycaemia in roasted coffee consumers. In the present study, a signifi cant increase (p= 0.03) in glycaemia was observed thirty minutes after the green coffee beverage ingestion and, then, there was a tendency of glycaemia maintenance. The low amount of free caffeine found in green coffee matrix could explain the quick stabilization of the glycaemia. The ingestion of green coffee beverage also signifi cantly reduced uricaemia (p= 0.03) (Wilcoxon test). It is possible that the polyphenols, present in high amounts in this beverage, could act inhibiting the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Therefore, the consumption of green coffee has to stabilize blood glucose 30 minutes after ingestion of test meal, and reduction of uricaemia.
Complete Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Genome of Herpes B Virus ( <i>Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1</i> ) from a Rhesus Monkey (2003)

The complete DNA sequence of herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) strain E2490, isolated from a rhesus macaque, was determined. The total genome length is 156,789 bp, with 74.5% G+C composition and overall genome organization characteristic of alphaherpesviruses. The first and last residues of the genome were defined by sequencing the cloned genomic termini. There were six origins of DNA replication in the genome due to tandem duplication of both oriL and oriS regions. Seventy-four genes were identified, and sequence homology to proteins known in herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) was observed in all cases but one. The degree of amino acid identity between B virus and HSV proteins ranged from 26.6% (US5) to 87.7% (US15). Unexpectedly, B virus lacked a homolog of the HSV gamma(1)34.5 gene, which encodes a neurovirulence factor. Absence of this gene was verified in two low-passage clinical isolates derived from a rhesus macaque and a zoonotically infected human. This finding suggests that B virus most likely utilizes mechanisms distinct from those of HSV to sustain efficient replication in neuronal cells. Despite the considerable differences in G+C content of the macaque and B virus genes (51% and 74.2%, respectively), codons used by B virus are optimal for the tRNA population of macaque cells. Complete sequence of the B virus genome will certainly facilitate identification of the genetic basis and possible molecular mechanisms of enhanced B virus neurovirulence in humans, which results in an 80% mortality rate following zoonotic infection.
A power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for distribution systems (1998)

In this paper, a power line conditioner using a cascade multilevel inverter is presented for voltage regulation, reactive power (VAr) compensation, and harmonic filtering. The cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 H bridges, in which each bridge has its own separate DC source. This new inverter can: (1) generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per line cycle; (2) eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in the conventional static VAr compensators; and (3) make possible direct connection to the 13.8 kV power distribution system in parallel and series without any transformer. In other words, the power line conditioner is much more efficient and more suitable to VAr compensation and harmonic filtering of distribution systems than traditional multipulse and pulsewidth modulation inverters. It has been shown that the new inverter is especially suited for VAr compensation. This paper focuses on feasibility and control schemes of the cascade inverter for voltage regulation and harmonic filtering in distribution systems. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results show the superiority of the new power line conditioner.
Butyrate modulates bacterial adherence on LS174T human colorectal cells by stimulating mucin secretion and MAPK signaling pathway (2015)

Based on our results, butyrate is an effective regulator of modulation of mucin protein production at the transcriptional and translational levels, resulting in changes in the adherence of gut microflora. Butyrate potentially stimulates the MAPK signaling pathway in intestinal cells, which is positively correlated with gut defense.
Study of myoblast differentiation using multi-dimensional scaffolds consisting of nano and micropatterns (2017)

We studied more favorable environments that induce cell alignment and elongation for myogenesis by combining nano- and micro-scale patterns. The fabricated system can serve as a novel multi-dimensional platform to study in vitro cell behaviors.
Low cost, integrated 4-element laser arrays withpassive fibre alignment for optical data communications links (1997)

The design, fabrication and characterisation of 4-element laser arrays operating at 1300 nm for use in low cost data communication links is described. The design of the chip and package incorporated flip-chip solder bonding to achieve passive alignment of the laser elements to optical fibre. Individual elements exhibited lasing threshold currents of <20 mA with output powers > 30 mW at a drive current of 100 mA. Coupling efficiencies of up to 10% into singlemode optical fibre were achieved by laser modules fabricated using passive alignment techniques. At a drive current of 70 mA, the small signal 3 dB bandwidth of the devices was 5 GHz.
Diffused Emitter and Base Silicon Transistors* (1956)

Silicon n-p-n transistors have been made in which the base and emitter regions were produced by diffusing impurities from the vapor phase. Transistors with base layers 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> -cm thick have been made. The diffusion techniques and the processes for making electrical contact to the structures are described. The electrical characteristics of a transistor with a maximum alpha of 0.97 and an alpha-cutoff of 120 mc/sec are presented. The manner in which some of the electrical parameters are determined by the distribution of the doping impurities is discussed. Design data for the diffused emitter, diffused base structure is calculated and compared with the measured characteristics.
Angiotensin II receptors. (1999)

This review examines the recent progress in the field of angiotensin receptors. Multiplicity of these receptors was demonstrated initially on the basis of pharmacologic differences and then confirmed by expression cloning. AT1 receptors are predominant in the adult. They are widely distributed and mediate all of the known biologic effects of angiotensin II (AngII) through a variety of signal transduction systems, including activation of phospholipases C and A2, inhibition of adenylate cyclase, opening of calcium channels, and activation of tyrosine kinases. AT2 receptors are predominant in the fetus, but also present in adult tissues such as the adrenals, ovaries, uterus, and brain. AngII via these receptors exerts effects often opposed to those mediated by the AT1 receptors. Signal transduction implicates protein tyrosine phosphatase stimulation. AT1 and AT2 receptor expressions are regulated differently, and regulation is also tissue-specific. AT1 and AT2 receptors have been demonstrated in endothelial cells. Activation of AT1 receptors results in production of vasodilatory agents, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin (PGI2), which counteract the direct vasoconstrictor effects of Ang II on the adjacent smooth muscle cells. AT1 receptors on mesangial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts are involved in cell growth and fibrosis, the latter being due both to an increase in the synthesis and a decrease in the degradation of the main components of the extracellular matrix. These AT1 receptor-dependent effects are for the most part indirect and mediated by growth factors, cytokines, and other peptides, including endothelin, transforming growth factor-beta1, and platelet-derived growth factor. AngII is metabolized into active fragments by deletion of the terminal amino acids on both ends. AngIII and AngIV are formed by successive deletions of aspartic acid and arginine at the N terminus. AngII (1-7) is obtained by deletion of phenylalanine at the C terminus. AngIII shares the same receptors and exerts the same effects as AngII. AngIV and AngII (1-7) recognize the AT1 and AT2 receptors with a lesser affinity than AngII and, in addition, possess their own receptors that mediate effects often opposed to those of AngII.
Gold Nanoplate‐Enhanced Chemiluminescence and Macromolecular Shielding for Rapid Microbial Diagnostics (2018)

With the global rise of antimicrobial resistance, rapid screening and identification of low concentrations of microorganisms in less than 1 h becomes an urgent technological need for evidence-based antibiotic therapy. Although many commercially available techniques are labeled for rapid microbial detection, they often require 24-48 h of cell enrichment to reach detectable levels. Here, it is shown that the widely used reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) can also act as a powerful oxidant on gold nanoplates and subsequently lead to a strong catalysis of luminol chemiluminescence. The catalytic reaction results in up to 100-fold signal enhancement and unprecedented stable luminescence for up to 10 min. However, when TCEP is exposed to microorganisms, it is oxidized by the microbial surface proteins and loses its catalytic properties, leading to a decrease in chemiluminescence. The competitive interaction of TCEP with Au nanoplates and microorganisms is used to introduce a homogenous rapid detection method that allows microbial screening in less than 10 min with a limit of detection down to 100 cfu mL<sup>-1</sup> . Furthermore, the concept of microbial macromolecular shielding using antibody-conjugated polymers is introduced. The combination of TCEP redox activity and macromolecular shielding enables specific microbial identification within 1 h, without preconcentration, cell enrichment, or heavy equipment other than a hand-held luminometer. The technique is demonstrated by specific detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in environmental and urine samples containing a mixture of microorganisms.
Sialic acid contents in chicken eggs and tissues (1994)

Sialic acid contents were determined as potential commercial sources in egg fractions (yolk, white, chalaza, yolk membrane and shell membrane), oviduct, and rooster comb and wattle tissues by the periodate–thiobarbituric acid method with a partial modification. In egg fractions, the concentration of sialic acid was highest (P < 0.05) in yolk membrane (13.7 ± 0.5 μg mg −1 ), higher (P < 0.05) in chalaza (5.1 ± 0.2 μg mg −1 ) and yolk (5.2 ± 0.4 μg mg −1 ) than in white (2.2 ± 0.3 μg mg −1 ), and lowest (P < 0.05) in shell membrane (0.6 ± 0.1 μg mg −1 ). In oviduct, the concentration of sialic acid was lower (P < 0.05) in magnum (3.7 ± 0.6 μg mg −1 ) than in the remaining regions, among which the concentration was similar (5.6 ± 0.3 μg mg −1 ). The sialic acid concentration was similar in comb and wattle tissues (2.6 ± 0.4 μg mg −1 ). Sialic acid containing glycopeptide fractions were isolated from yolk, white, and comb and wattle tissues by papain proteolysis and gel chromatography. Key words: Sialic acid, egg, oviduct, comb, wattle
Long Lasting Modifications to Vortex Shedding Using a Short Plasma Excitation (2009)

A unique phenomenon in flow control is described, where the lift and drag on a circular cylinder could be modified for over eight vortex shedding cycles by a short pulse of dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma. This is equivalent to flow control for over 150 times the pulse duration, which seems to be due to a secondary vortex initiated by plasma that interacts with the von Kármán vortex formation and temporarily amplifies or suppresses the vortex street. Depending on the pulse timing, the drag and lift fluctuations could be increased by 22% and 50% or reduced by 8% and 40%, respectively, with a power saving ratio over 1000.