gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune signature of metastatic breast cancer: Identifying predictive markers of immunotherapy response (2017)

In breast cancer (BC), up to 10-20% patients were known to have clinical benefit with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and biomarkers are needed for optimal use of this multi-potential therapeutic strategy. Accordingly, we conducted an experiment to identify expression of genes associated with immune checkpoints that represent potential targets of cancer immunotherapy. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing using 37 refractory BC specimens. In the immune pathway gene set expression analysis, we found that HER2 expression and previous taxane treatment were positively correlated with high expression of immune gene set expression (p = 0.070 and 0.008, respectively). The nine genes associated with immune checkpoints - PDCD1(PD-1), CD274(PD-L1), CD276(B7-H3), CTLA-4, IDO1, LAG3, VTCN1, HAVCR2, and TNFRSF4(OX40) - interacted with each other. In addition, HER2 expression also affected the expression levels of these genes (p = 0.044). Lastly, expression of immune checkpoint genes and tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes were positively correlated in metastatic BCs (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we suggest that HER2 expression and previous taxane treatment are potential surrogate markers for high expression of immune checkpoint genes and immune pathway gene sets. Further study of the BC immune signature with large-scale, translational data sets is warranted.
Theory T — theory L (1971)

managing the human resource To the probably chagrin of many Scots the name McGregor will, for lots of us, be associated, not with a Scottish clan, but with a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who, in 1960, published a book entitled THE HUMAN SIDE OF ENTERPRISE. In it he set out to substantiate a thesis he had put forward three years earlier in an article carrying the same title. His thesis was that the theoretical assumptions management holds about controlling its human resources determine the whole character of the enterprise.
Generation of few-cycle pulses directly from a MHz-NOPA (2006)

We demonstrate the generation of 10-fs-pulses from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). The NOPA is driven by microjoule pulses from a directly diode pumped Yb:KYW oscillator with cavity-dumping.
Practical security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with reduced optical attenuation (2019)

In a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system, the optical attenuator can adjust the Gaussian-modulated coherent states and the local oscillator signal to an optimal value for guaranteeing the security of the system and optimizing the performance of the system. However, the performance of the optical attenuator may deteriorate due to the intentional and unintentional damage of the device. In this paper, we investigate the practical security of a CVQKD system with reduced optical attenuation. We find that the secret key rate of the system may be overestimated based on the investigation of parameter estimation under the effects of reduced optical attenuation. This opens a security loophole for Eve to successfully perform an intercept-resend attack in a practical CVQKD system. To close this loophole, we add an optical fuse at Alice's output port and design a scheme to monitor the level of optical attenuation in real time, which can make the secret key rate of the system evaluated precisely. The analysis shows that these countermeasures can effectively resist this potential attack.
High meningioma 1 (MN1) expression as a predictor for poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics (2006)

The translocation t(12;22) involves MN1 and TEL and is rarely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, it has been shown in a mouse model that the fusion protein MN1-TEL can promote growth of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and, in cooperation with HOXA9, induce AML. We quantified MN1 expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 142 adult patients with AML with normal cytogenetics treated uniformly in trial AML-SHG 01/99. AML samples were dichotomized at the median MN1 expression. High MN1 expression was significantly correlated with unmutated NPM1 (P < .001), poor response to the first course of induction treatment (P = .02), a higher relapse rate (P = .03), and shorter relapse-free (P = .002) and overall survivals (P = .03). In multivariate analysis, MN1 expression was an independent prognostic marker (P = .02) in addition to age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. Excluding patients with NPM1(mutated)/FLT3ITD(negative), high MN1 expression was associated with shorter relapse-free survival (P = .057). MN1 was highly expressed in some patients with acute lymphoblastic but not chronic lymphocytic or myeloid leukemia. MN1 was highly expressed in HPCs compared with differentiated cells and was down-regulated during in vitro differentiation of CD34(+) cells, suggesting a functional role in HPCs. In conclusion, our data suggest MN1 overexpression as a new prognostic marker in AML with normal cytogenetics.
Human gamma globulin enhances the survival of renal allografts. (1979)

Ninety seven transplant recipients participated in a controlled, clinical trial measuring the graft-enhancing property of a human gamma globulin preparation. The latter was prepared from the blood of pregnant women (RPGG) and contained antibodies with specificities for HLA locus products. Data analysis indicated that RPGG treated recipients had enhanced survival rates of their grafts if they had received one or more blood transfusions prior to transplantation.
A ceramic mini system for the detection of hydrocarbon radicals (2008)

This paper presents two components of a ceramic analytical system—a capillary column and a flame ionization detector designed and produced using photoimageable thick-film dielectric Fodel QM44F combined with a low temperature cofired ceramic tape. The microfluidic components are integrated onto a single piece of alumina substrate, dimensions 65 × 50 mm2, and have incorporated into them thick-film platinum heaters which ensure temperature control. The ceramic analytical minisystem is intended to detect—on the basis of ion current measurements—the presence of hydrocarbons in the analyte being passed through the capillary column and burned in the combustion cavity of the flame ionization detector. Ionic current in the range of nA was detected after introducing the analytes into the separation column.
Targeting Breast Tumors with pH (Low) Insertion Peptides (2014)

Extracellular acidity is associated with tumor progression. Elevated glycolysis and acidosis promote the appearance of aggressive malignant cells with enhanced multidrug resistance. Thus, targeting of tumor acidity can open new avenues in diagnosis and treatment of aggressive tumors and targeting metastatic cancers cells within a tumor. pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) belong to the class of pH-sensitive agents capable of delivering imaging and/or therapeutic agents to cancer cells within tumors. Here, we investigated targeting of highly metastatic 4T1 mammary tumors and spontaneous breast tumors in FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyMT)634Mul transgenic mice with three fluorescently labeled pHLIP variants including well-characterized WT-pHLIP and, recently introduced, Var3- and Var7-pHLIPs. The Var3- and Var7-pHLIPs constructs have faster blood clearance than the parent WT-pHLIP. All pHLIPs demonstrated excellent targeting of the above breast tumor models with tumor accumulation increasing over 4 h postinjection. Staining of nonmalignant stromal tissues in transgenic mice was minimal. The pHLIPs distribution in tumors showed colocalization with 2-deoxyglucose and the hypoxia marker, Pimonidazole. The highest degree of colocalization of fluorescent pHLIPs was shown to be with lactate dehydrogenase A, which is related to lactate production and acidification of tumors. In sum, the pHLIP-based targeting of breast cancer presents an opportunity to monitor metabolic changes, and to selectively deliver imaging and therapeutic agents to tumors.
Hollow glass waveguides with three-layer dielectric coating fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (1997)

Hollow glass waveguides with three dielectric layers are fabricated with a chemical vapor deposition technique. The waveguides have an inner three-layer stack of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide, with the thickness optimized for the 3-μm wavelength of a Er:YAG laser. The measured attenuation spectra of the waveguides in the mid-infrared region show interference peaks that are due to the multiple dielectric layers and also exhibit a low-loss region at the design wavelength of 3 μm. The theoretical evaluation of the waveguide loss, including the inner surface roughness of the guide, shows that the roughness strongly affects the transmission losses of the multilayer-coated waveguides.
Laser Dew-Point Hygrometer (1995)

A rough-surface-type automatic dew-point hygrometer was developed using a laser diode and an optical fiber cable. A gold plate with 0.8 µ m average surface roughness was used as a surface for deposition of dew to facilitate dew deposition and prevent supersaturation of water vapor at the dew point. It was shown experimentally that the quantity of dew deposited can be controlled to be constant at any predetermined level, and is independent of the dew point to be measured. The dew points were measured in the range from -15° C to 54° C in which the temperature ranged from 0° C to 60° C. The measurement error of the dew point was ±0.5° C which was equal to below ±2% in relative humidity in the above dew-point range.
Evolution of Haptoglobin Concentration in Serum during the Early Phase of Acute Myocardial Infarction (1997)

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a haemoglobin-binding acute phase protein with three genetic types: Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, Hp 2-2. We investigated 45 patients during the first 48 hours of acute myocardial infarction, and studied determinant factors and clinical correlates. Upon hospital admission, serum haptoglobin concentration was increased (1.95 +/- 0.94 g/l, mean +/- SD, P < 0.001) versus the reference population (0.97 +/- 0.46 g/l, n = 107), independent of haptoglobin type: 1.84 +/- 0.64 g/l (Hp 1-1, n = 11) (P < 0.01), 1.98 +/- 0.79 g/l (Hp 2-1, n = 25) (P < 0.001), 1.98 +/- 1.58 g/l (Hp 2-2, n = 9) (P < 0.001). Moreover, during the first hours of hospitalization, a temporal lowering of haptoglobin was observed suggesting acute haemolysis, independent of the haptoglobin type. Minimal serum haptoglobin was reached 9.6 +/- 5.8 hours after admission. The amplitude of the haptoglobin decrease correlated with initial serum haptoglobin (r = 0.78) and was more pronounced (P < 0.05) in men (0.53 +/- 0.57 g/l) than in women (0.18 +/- 0.17 g/l). Decrease of serum haptoglobin did not correlate with infarct size (based on creatine kinase-MB release). Out of the other acute phase proteins measured upon admission, only C-reactive protein was significantly increased (P < 0.05). During the next 36 hours, haptoglobin increased as a result of the acute phase response to myocardial injury. Our findings suggest that acute myocardial infarction is also preceded by an acute phase response, characterized by an initial high haptoglobin and followed by a temporal haptoglobin decrease due to haemolysis.
Propagation of Stress Gradient Through an Inclusion—Part 1 (1973)

This is the first of a two-part study on the propagation of stress gradient in composite materials. Both the plane-strain and axisymmetric motions are considered. In this paper, the reflection and transmission coefficients are derived for the stress, the stress gradient, and the higher-order derivatives of stress at an interface between two elastic media. It is shown that while the reflection and transmission of the stress do not depend on the geometries of the incident wave front and the interface boundary, the reflection and transmission of the stress gradient, and the higher-order derivatives of stress do depend on these geometries. Explicit expressions are derived for the reflection and transmission of the stress gradient in terms of the radii of curvatures of the incident wave front and the interface boundary.
Mutations in PTEN are frequent in endometrial carcinoma but rare in other common gynecological malignancies. (1997)

Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 10q has been reported in approximately 40% of endometrial carcinomas. PTEN, a candidate tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 10q23.3, was recently identified and found to be homozygously deleted or mutated in several different types of human tumors. To determine if PTEN is a target of 10q loss of heterozygosity in carcinomas of the endometrium, we examined 32 primary endometrial carcinomas for mutations in PTEN. The tumors included the two major histopathological types of endometrial carcinoma: endometrioid (n = 26; 14 microsatellite instability (MI)-positive and 12 MI-negative) and serous (n = 6). Overall, mutations were detected in 50% of the endometrial carcinomas we analyzed. Mutations were present in 12 of 14 (86%) MI-positive and 4 of 12 (33%) MI-negative endometrioid tumors. Furthermore, mutations were found in all three histological grades of MI-positive endometrioid carcinoma. All six serous endometrial carcinomas lacked detectable mutations. To evaluate the role of PTEN in other common malignancies of the female genital tract, 12 serous ovarian carcinomas and 10 squamous cervical carcinomas were analyzed and were negative for mutations. Our results support PTEN as a tumor suppressor gene and suggest that mutations in PTEN play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma.
A fault tolerant multiprocessor architecture for real-time control applications (1973)

This paper presents a fault tolerant multiprocessor architecture suitable for real time control applications requiring an extremely high degree of reliability. The architecture satisfies the following requirements: l) Ability to deal with software as well as hardware faults: The proposed architecture is based on the assignment of distinct but redundant software modules to each task. 2) Efficient use of resources: The proposed architecture is a multiprocessor using time redundancy for fault correction. Thus, redundancy (beyond that needed for fault detection) is invoked only when a fault is detected. In normal operation, this extra capacity is available as an additional computing resource. 3) No hard core: In addition to the usual replication of system components, a partitioned system executive and a unique communication facility is defined which insures that the available redundancy will not be lost through a “domino” effect. 4) Interaction of computing units with sensors and effectors: The manner in which system architecture must be responsive to the amount and type of redundancy provided by the sensors and effectors is shown. 5) Use of current technology: The proposed architecture is based on the use of currently available hardware for the major system components. After a detailed description of the architecture and the method of system operation, the system is related to existing fault tolerant systems, and unique characteristics of the present design are indicated.
Ismene: Provisioning and Policy Reconciliation in Secure Group Communication (2000)

Group communication systems increasingly provide security services. However, in practice, the use of such systems is complicated by the divergent requirements and abilities of group members. In this paper, we define a policy language called Ismene that directs the provisioning of security-related resources at member sites. The communication service is defined through a reconciliation of a group policy and member&apos;s local policies into a security configuration. Group authorization and access control appropriate for the operating conditions and session configuration are also defined within the policy. The use of Ismene policies to define security is illustrated through an extended example of a group application built on the prototype Ismene framework. 1 Introduction Recent advances have addressed many of the difficult problems in secure group communication [36, 29]. However, a critical, but as yet largely unaddressed, problem is the reconciliation of the differing security requir...
Large-scale Invasion Percolation with Trapping for Upscaling Capillary-Controlled Darcy-scale Flow (2017)

We apply steady-state capillary-controlled upscaling in heterogeneous environments. A phase may fail to form a connected path across a given domain at capillary equilibrium. Moreover, even if a continuous saturation path exists, some regions of the domain may produce disconnected clusters that do not contribute to the overall connectivity of the system. In such cases, conventional upscaling processes might not be accurate since identification and removal of these isolated clusters are extremely important to the global connectivity of the system and the stability of the numerical solvers. In this study, we address the impact of percolation during capillary-controlled displacements in heterogeneous porous media and present a comprehensive investigation using random absolute permeability fields, for water-wet, oil-wet and mixed-wet systems, where J-function scaling is used to relate capillary pressure, porosity and absolute permeabilities in each grid cell. Important information is revealed about the average connectivity of the phases and trapping at the Darcy scale due to capillary forces. We show that in oil-wet and mixed-wet media, large-scale trapping of oil controlled by variations in local capillary pressure may be more significant than the local trapping, controlled by pore-scale displacement.
Development of a new carbon nanotube&ndash;alginate&ndash;hydroxyapatite tricomponent composite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering (2015)

In recent times, tricomponent scaffolds prepared from naturally occurring polysaccharides, hydroxyapatite, and reinforcing materials have been gaining increased attention in the field of bone tissue engineering. In the current work, a tricomponent scaffold with an oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube (fMWCNT)-alginate-hydroxyapatite with the required porosity was prepared for the first time by a freeze-drying method and characterized using analytical techniques. The hydroxyapatite for the scaffold was isolated from chicken bones by thermal calcination at 800°C. The Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction data confirmed ionic interactions and formation of the fMWCNT-alginate-hydroxyapatite scaffold. Interconnected porosity with a pore size of 130-170 µm was evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy. The total porosity calculated using the liquid displacement method was found to be 93.85%. In vitro biocompatibility and cell proliferation on the scaffold was checked using an MG-63 cell line by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell attachment by Hoechst stain assay. In vitro studies showed better cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell attachment on the prepared scaffold. These results indicate that this scaffold could be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Extended one-shot decorrelating detector for asynchronous DS/CDMA systems in multipath fading channels (2002)

We propose an extended one-shot decorrelating detector (EOS-DD) for asynchronous systems DS/CDMA systems in frequency selective fading environments. The EOS-DD extends a processing window to several symbol duration. The received signal over an extended window is utilized for the decorrelator in the EOS-DD. The effects of the window size on the BER performance are investigated by numerical analysis. Analysis and simulation show that the EOS-DD is superior to the one-shot decorrelating detector (OS-DD) and finite memory length truncated decorrelating detector (FIR-DD) in terms of noise enhancement and near-far resistance.
C‐21 dicarboxylic acids in soap and detergent applications (1992)

A unique polycarboxylic acid, 5(6)‐carboxy‐4‐hexyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐octanoic acid, has been available commercially for over 15 years. A new high‐purity (>97%), light‐color version of the C‐21 dicarboxylic acid has been developed recently. Soaps of the C‐21 dicarboxylic acid can be used as hydrotropes to increase the solubility of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solutions containing builders and/or anionic surfactants. Since these soaps are anionic fatty acid derivatives, they reduce the surface tensions of formulations, thus improving detergency. The nontoxic and biodegradable nature of this dicarboxylic acid makes it an attractive formulation component. This paper outlines application evaluations of the soaps prepared from the C‐21 dicarboxylic acids. These evaluations demonstrate how the soaps interact with nonionic surfactants or pine oil to provide clear formulations, how they wet cotton skeins in neutral to highly alkaline solutions, and how they inhibit gel formation when preparing high‐solids fatty acid soap solutions. Furthermore, the preparation and characterization of the soaps of the C‐21 dicarboxylic acid products are discussed. Mass‐balance equations describe the preparation of aqueous soap solutions at any given concentration. Characterization of the resulting soap solutions includes acid number, pH, color, color stability, foam stability, surface tension as a function of concentration, and hard‐water compatibility.
Thermal characteristics of a four-chip magnetic bubble package (1977)

A thermal study was made of a magnetic bubble mass memory dual in-line package, which contains four bubble chips with a total memory capacity of 1/4 Mbits. The package consists of a number of component parts; and there are two groups of heat sources in the package distributed in the chips and in the driving coils. To determine the thermal characteristics of the bubble package, experiments were conducted to measure the transient and steady state temperature distribution of the package under certain natural convection conditions. It was found that the maximum steady state chip temperature rise over the magnet and the shield can may be expressed in terms of the total chip power, Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">chips</inf> and the total coil power, Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">coils</inf> , as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\DeltaT_{i} = R_{ai} Q_{chips} + R_{bi}, Q_{coils}, i = 1,2</tex> , where R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ai</inf> and R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bi</inf> have the dimension of thermal resistance and have been experimentally determined. The transient temperature distribution was measured from initial package temperatures of -50°C, 20°C and 90°C. Also, experiments were conducted to measure the transient temperature change from a steady state when the package was suddenly cooled by directed air jets. In all these cases the maximum temperature difference between the chips and the magnets at all times was determined, from which the deviation of the bias magnetic field from a desired value can be calculated from the temperature coefficient of the magnets and the garnet chips. This deviation is one of the factors that has to be taken into account in determining the minimum common margin between the high and low limits in which the bubble package can operate satisfactorily in the temperature range specified.