gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic tuning of an accurate position controller for pneumatic actuators (2002)

The high power-to-weight ratio and low cost of pneumatic actuators makes them attractive for robotics applications, however achieving fast, accurate position control with them is difficult. Furthermore, tuning the controller (and/or obtaining process models) requires extensive expertise and time. In this paper, a novel automatic tuning methodology for the accurate position control of pneumatic actuators is described. The methodology combines off-line model based analysis with online iteration. Experiments performed on three actuators with distinct open-loop dynamics verified the auto-tuner's effectiveness. The auto-tuning required 1/50 of the time needed for manual tuning and only nonexpert supervision. The performance of the auto-tuned actuators is comparable to that achieved by other researchers using more complex and expensive hardware.
An evaluation of the role of internal cues in the pathogenesis of parkinsonian hypokinesia (1993)

Our animal studies suggest that the basal ganglia provide an internal non-specific cue to trigger movement and imply that Parkinson's disease involves a deficiency in this cueing mechanism. Indeed parkinsonian patients typically rely upon external visual cues. To assess the effects of such non-specific cueing mechanisms on movement, we examined patients' utilization of a variety of auditory cues. Ten patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, and their matched controls, pressed buttons at a series of two-way choice points sequentially down a pathway, both when the latter remained illuminated throughout its length, and when it had to be followed from memory alone. In other experimental conditions, auditory cues were also provided, either contingent upon the previous response, at its initiation (a medium level of advance information) or at its completion (a low level of advance information), or as a series of regularly paced (non-contingent) auditory cues (from a metronome). In addition to error data, we recorded down time (DT, time to initiate each next response) and movement time (MT, time to execute each next response). However, both DT and MT measurements showed that parkinsonian patients were enormously disadvantaged by the absence of external cues. While contingent auditory cues were of some help, the performance of patients with Parkinson's disease was dramatically improved by the provision of non-contingent auditory information. Moreover, parkinsonian patients, unlike controls, were greatly affected by the length of individual sub-movements, especially in the absence of external cues. When the pathway to be followed remained illuminated, sub-movement length had little effect. We conclude that for well-learnt, predictable sequences the basal ganglia provide a non-specific internal cue that is necessary for switching between one movement and the next in a movement sequence, and also for development of preparatory activity for each sub-movement in the sequence.
Peaks and persistence (2011)

A microblogged stream is delivered over time, providing an ongoing commentary of topics, trends, and issues. In this article, we present two methods of finding temporal topics within these Twitter streams. Using a normalized term frequency, we demonstrate how an effective table of contents can be extracted by finding localized "peaky topics". Second, we find "persistent conversations" which have a lower general salience but sustain and persist over the tweet corpus, in effect the whispering conversation that lingers in the background. These methods are demonstrated on a Twitter corpus of 53,000 tweets and a second Twitter corpus of 1.1 million tweets; the methods are generalizable to apply to any normalized scoring metric across a temporal corpus. We propose our method's implications on social media research and systems from a textual and social network analysis perpective.
Stem cells. -letter- (2007)

The author expresses her concern over Professor Bernard Tuch's concluding remarks in his update on stem cells. Professor Tuch quotes a 2005 survey from Biotechnology Australia to maintain there is widespread community support for embryonic stem cell research (ESCR). By not clearly differentiating findings relating to IVF embryos and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (clones) he directs us to misleading conclusions. Professor Tuch provides a response. (non- author abstract)
Heuristic layout algorithms for network management presentation services (1988)

It has been shown that the general activity of managing a complex network can be made more tractable by providing the operator with a rich, user-friendly set of presentation services. The problem of converting the logical description of a large computer network to a pictorial representation, assuming that computer networks in general can be represented by undirected graphs, translates to finding algorithms that will be able to process a suitable description of a general graph structure and produce a reasonable picture of it on a presentation medium. An approach is presented that uses the divide-and-conquer principle: a preprocessing step called heuristic clustering is used to partition a large network into logical groups, and a multiphase placement algorithm is used to produce coordinates for the nodes. The algorithms used for clustering and node placement are described, with emphasis on the heuristics that have been used in each step.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vom Lanosterin abgeleitete B‐Ring‐Diosphenole, I (1972)

Abstract Nach oxydativem Abbau von Lanosterin werden mittels der Barton‐Methode die Diosphenole 6a und b, 8, 10 sowie 11a, b, c gewonnen. Ihre mögliche Verwendung in der Krebs‐Chemotherapie wird geprüft.
Quantitative and Ultrastructural Analysis of Inflammatory Infiltrates in Male Pattern Alopecia (1999)

In order to determine whether lymphocytic inflammation around the lower infundibula in male pattern alopecia is incidental or a general phenomenon, we performed morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of inflammatory infiltrates in the transitional zones of the vertex and occipital hairy scalps of 19 patients with male pattern alopecia. Six normal subjects served as controls. The number of inflammatory infiltrates around the follicular infundibula of the alopecic vertices and non-alopecic occiputs of male pattern alopecia patients was significantly greater than the corresponding control value. The number of mast cells in the widened fibrous tracts in the vertices of male pattern alopecia patients was significantly greater than those in the adventitial fibrotic sheaths of control subjects and the non-alopecic occiputs of male pattern alopecia patients. These data support the idea that the inflammatory process may be, at least in part, responsible for the development of male pattern alopecia.
Ga733/EpCAM as a Target for Passive and Active Specific Immunotherapy in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma (2000)

GA733/EpCAM is an oncofetal antigen abundantly expressed in colorectal carcinoma. This antigen can spontaneously induce a humoral and cellular antitumor immunity and may therefore be a suitable target structure for immunotherapy. Patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma have been treated with monoclonal antibodies (MAb17-1A) against this structure. The data indicate that the chimeric variant was not superior to the original mouse MAb. Addition of cytokines and chemotherapeutics may improve the therapeutic effect of the MAb. A particularly interesting regimen is a combination of MAb17-1A/GM-CSF/alpha-IFN/5-Fu. The GA733 protein antigen can also be used as a vaccine. Patients with colorectal carcinoma stages B and C were vaccinated with this protein antigen in combination with GM-CSF as an adjuvant cytokine. A strong type I T cell response was induced that seemed to be MHC class I as well as class II restricted. No systemic side effects were noted.
Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis Strain GDL-1 (2012)

Mycoplasma hyorhinis impacts swine health and production in many countries, either as a primary pathogen or as a component of a polymicrobial infection. Isolates of this species are also common contaminants of tissue culture lines. The genome sequence of the cell culture isolate M. hyorhinis GDL-1 is presented herein.
Glutathione-Coated Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles: A Surface Ligand for Minimizing Serum Protein Adsorption (2014)

Ultrasmall glutathione-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles (GS-AuNPs) are known for their high resistance to serum protein adsorption. Our studies show that these NPs can serve as surface ligands to significantly enhance the physiological stability and lower the serum protein adsorption of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in addition to rendering the NPs the luminescence property. After the incorporation of GS-AuNPs onto the surface of SPIONs to form the hybrid nanoparticles (HBNPs), these SPIONs' protein adsorption was about 10-fold lower than those of the pure glutathione-coated SPIONs suggesting that GS-AuNPs are capable of providing a stealth effect against serum proteins.
Ball SAW device for hydrogen gas sensor (2004)

We propose a novel gas sensor using surface acoustic waves (SAW) on a sphere, with a typical velocity change of 10 ppm, and sensitivity of 10 ppb. In the first implementation for hydrogen sensor, a long propagation path of 1.3 m at 41th turns of 45 MHz SAW around a 10-mm-/spl phi/ quartz ball realized the propagation time as long as 403 /spl mu/s. Consequently, a sampling period of 25 ps realized relative temporal resolution of 0.06 ppm. By virtue of this high resolution, when sensing film was as thin as 20 nm, 7 ppm velocity change when exposed to 3% hydrogen in Ar gas was precisely measured. The response time was 60s, shortest among reported SAW hydrogen sensors, due to the small Pd film thickness. We also found a SAW attenuation increase which may be used to enhance the gas selectivity.
Identification of the First Inhibitor of the GBP1:PIM1 Interaction. Implications for the Development of a New Class of Anticancer Agents against Paclitaxel Resistant Cancer Cells (2014)

Class III β-tubulin plays a prominent role in the development of drug resistance to paclitaxel by allowing the incorporation of the GBP1 GTPase into microtubules. Once in the cytoskeleton, GBP1 binds to prosurvival kinases such as PIM1 and initiates a signaling pathway that induces resistance to paclitaxel. Therefore, the inhibition of the GBP1:PIM1 interaction could potentially revert resistance to paclitaxel. A panel of 44 4-azapodophyllotoxin derivatives was screened in the NCI-60 cell panel. The result is that 31 are active and the comparative analysis demonstrated specific activity in paclitaxel-resistant cells. Using surface plasmon resonance, we were able to prove that NSC756093 is a potent in vitro inhibitor of the GBP1:PIM1 interaction and that this property is maintained in vivo in ovarian cancer cells resistant to paclitaxel. Through bioinformatics, molecular modeling, and mutagenesis studies, we identified the putative NSC756093 binding site at the interface between the helical and the LG domain of GBP1. According to our results by binding to this site, the NSC756093 compound is able to stabilize a conformation of GBP1 not suitable for binding to PIM1.
Clutter rejection for Doppler weather radars which use staggered pulses (1991)

Several methods for canceling ground clutter in Doppler weather radars which operate with staggered pulse repetition times (PRTs) are investigated. A scheme is developed which consists of two filters that operate sequentially, so that the overall filter is time-varying, with periodically changing coefficients. This filter is analyzed theoretically and through simulations for a stagger ratio of 3/2, which extends the unambiguous velocity interval. The amplitude characteristic of the filter over this interval is very good, but the phase characteristic, which is nonlinear in a small part of the interval, requires that a special decision logic be used for velocity estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitroxide–fluorophore double probes: a potential tool for studying membrane heterogeneity by ESR and fluorescence (2011)

A serious drawback of ESR, particularly in its application to cells, is the lack of information on the location of spin probes in the system. In order to realize real time tracking, a spin probe was combined with a fluorophore in a new kind of nitroxide-fluorophore double probe which, in addition to information about lipid dynamics, enables visualization by fluorescence microscopy. The two sets of probes synthesized are based on an amino-alkyne-functionalized sugar that serves as a central polar group and as a linker between the 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) fluorophore and the derivative of the spin labelled fatty acid. In this setting, the location of the fluorophore is restricted to the water-lipid interface, while the nitroxide is located deep in the lipid bilayer. Preliminary tests on cells show preferential localization of both probes in the plasma membrane, with a relatively slow redistribution to other membranes of the cell. We believe that such double probes would be particularly useful for studies of plasma membrane heterogeneity and associated cellular processes.
The subcellular localization of apomucin and nonreducing terminal N-acetylgalactosamine in porcine submaxillary glands. (1988)

Antibodies prepared against enzymatically deglycosylated porcine submaxillary gland mucin (apomucin), which were unreactive with native mucin and its partially deglycosylated derivatives, were used to immunolocalize apomucin in situ. Electron microscopy of sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue reacted successively with antibodies and protein A-gold complexes showed apomucin exclusively in mucous cells within the rough endoplasmic reticulum, transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, and vesicles at the cis side of the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus, forming mucous droplets, and mucous droplets contained no apomucin. Although the rough endoplasmic reticulum contained most of the apomucin in mucous cells, some cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope were devoid of apomucin. Examination of tissue sections treated with the glycosidases used to prepare apomucin revealed immunolabel for apomucin throughout the secretory pathway. Colloidal gold coated with Helix pomatia lectin was used to detect nonreducing N-acetylgalactosamine residues. In mucin-producing cells lectin-gold was found in the mucous droplets, the forming mucous droplets, and throughout the Golgi apparatus but mostly in the cis portion of this organelle. In tissue sections reacted successively with lectin-gold and anti-apomucin/protein A-gold, both types of gold complex could be found in the cis side of the Golgi apparatus. These data indicate that the O-glycosylation of mucin is a posttranslational event that occurs in the Golgi apparatus and begins in the cis side of the Golgi apparatus.
Ethnobotanical treatments of diabetes in Baja California Norte (1989)

This paper provides a brief review of the current biomedical knowledge on some of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Baja California Norte. In general there is very little biochemical knowledge of the specific modes of action in the treatment of diabetes, but most of the plants have been found to contain substances (e.g., glucosides, alkaloids) frequently implicated as having anti-diabetic effects. Furthermore, clinical studies with animals indicate that most of these plants do have hypoglycemic properties. This paper calls attention to the need for further biochemical investigations into the plant constituents and invites collaboration in the development of clinical field studies to assess the efficacy of herbalists' use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes in Baja California Norte or other U.S.-Mexico border areas. Such research can make an important contribution to the World Health Organization's plan of "Health for All by the Year 2000" through establishing a scientific basis for traditional medicine.
EFFECTS OF 2‐DEOXY‐<scp>d</scp>‐GLUCOSE ON THE GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF <i>PROTOTHECA ZOPFII</i> KRÜGER (1974)

S ummary Some effects of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) on the growth and metabolism of Prototheca zopfii Krüger are described. 2‐DG inhibits the rate of growth of the alga in medium containing glucose as carbon source and inhibition is more marked when fructose replaces glucose. Growth in medium containing acetate is not affected by the presence of 2‐DG. The addition of 2‐DG to carbohydrate starved cells, in addition to glucose, fructose or acetate, causes a marked increase in oxygen uptake; this is attributed to assimilation of 2‐DG. 2‐DG‐6‐phosphate inhibits the in vitro activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (E.G. 1.1.1.49) and experiments with radioactive glucose suggest that 2‐DG inhibits the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism in intact cells. Other effects of 2‐DG include inhibitions of glycogen‐UDP glucosyltransferase activity in vitro and of fermentation in vivo.
Hierarchically Ordered Macro-/Mesoporous Silica Monolith: Tuning Macropore Entrance Size for Size-Selective Adsorption of Proteins (2011)

In this paper, hierarchically ordered macro-/meso porous silica monoliths with 3D fcc packed macropores and 2D hexagonally arranged mesopores are synthesized by using polymer colloidal crystals as the hard template and block copolymer Pluronic P123 as a soft template. Through the impregnation of the colloidal crystal hard template with an acidic ethanol solution containing silica source and P123, the entrance size of macropores can be tailored by controlling the synthesis conditions. As the acid concentration increases, the resulting mesopore sizes tend to decrease slightly in the range of 4.7−3.6 nm, meanwhile, the macropore entrance size increase gradually from 0 to ca. 200 nm. These highly ordered macro-/mesoporous silica monoliths have a macropore of about 1.0 μm with tunable window size (0−200 nm), high surface area (ca. 330 m2/g) and large pore volume (∼ 0.36 cm3/g). Biomacromolecule adsorption results show that the porous silica monolith with the macropore entrance of about 50 nm has absorption capacity of ∼16.6 mg/g for bovine serum albumin (BSA, ∼10 nm in size), much higher than that (∼3.4 mg/g) of the porous silica materials without macropore entrance, and the porous materials with or without macropore entrances exhibit similar a adsorption capacity for cytochrome c (Cyt.c, dimension: ∼ 3 nm) (∼36.8 mg/g), suggesting that the large guest molecules can be excluded by the porous silica monoliths without the macopore entrances. These results indicate that, through engineering the pore connection and multimodal pore system, porous materials with hierarchically pores and tailorable window sizes can be created for size-selective applications, such as enrichment, nanofiltration, and drug delivery.
The NLRP3 inflammasome in pathogenic particle and fibre-associated lung inflammation and diseases (2015)

The concept of the inflammasome, a macromolecular complex sensing cell stress or danger signals and initiating inflammation, was first introduced approximately a decade ago. Priming and activation of these intracellular protein platforms trigger the maturation of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, to promulgate innate immune defenses. Although classically studied in models of gout, Type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the importance and mechanisms of action of inflammasome priming and activation have recently been elucidated in cells of the respiratory tract where they modulate the responses to a number of inhaled pathogenic particles and fibres. Most notably, inflammasome activation appears to regulate the balance between tissue repair and inflammation after inhalation of pathogenic pollutants such as asbestos, crystalline silica (CS), and airborne particulate matter (PM). Different types of fibres and particles may have distinct mechanisms of inflammasome interaction and outcome. This review summarizes the structure and function of inflammasomes, the interplay between various chemokines and cytokines and cell types of the lung and pleura after inflammasome activation, and the events leading to the development of non-malignant (allergic airway disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asbestosis, silicosis) and malignant (mesothelioma, lung cancer) diseases by pathogenic particulates. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of communication between cells of the immune system, target cells of these diseases, and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulation of inflammasome-mediated events.
Composite Materials Strength Determination Within the Current Certification Methodology for Aircraft Structures (2009)

Although several composite failure criteria have been proposed over the years to predict the static strength of polymer composites, including micromechanical and first-ply failure theories, none of them has demonstrated an ability to predict the onset of damage across the wide range of load conditions and structural configurations. For that reason, current aerospace practice uses empirically derived laminate-based allowables to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements for static strength. Some examples of certification by analysis supported by test evidence as well as certification by test are given, and the fundamental differences are highlighted in the context of the building block philosophy. The lack of accepted failure criteria and general material-degradation models for the prediction of damage initiation and propagation provides the background for the current methodology, which relies either on testing alone or on analysis supported by extensive test evidence.
MOCVD grown Si-doped n/sup +/ InP layers for the subcollector region in HBTs (2002)

Subcollector layers in emitter-up HBTs are used to make ohmic contacts to the collector region grown immediately above it. Ideally the n/sup +/ subcollector layer should have low electrical resistivity, good morphology and an abrupt high/low doping transition between it and the adjacent undoped collector region. Carrier concentrations in excess of 1/spl times/10/sup 19cm/sup 3/ are desirable for low resistance contacts to the subcollector layers. Doping above 1/spl times/10/sup 19cm/sup 3/ is reported for Sn, S, Se and Te dopants, but memory effects (i.e., continuing of the dopant incorporation into subsequently grown undoped layers) limit their usefulness. Si-doping of InP shows no memory problem, however maximum carrier concentrations seem to be limited to <1/spl times/10/sup 19cm/sup 3/, similar to Si-doped GaAs, above which degraded morphology occurs. Prospects for higher Si dopant saturation levels are seen from a few citations of carrier concentrations up to /spl sim/2/spl times/10/sup 19cm/sup 3/ and some of these results suggest that lower growth temperature may be the key to achieving higher Si-doping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A cell surface interaction network of neural leucine-rich repeat receptors (2009)

This integrated interaction and expression network provides a rich source of novel neural recognition pathways and highlights the importance of quantitative systematic extracellular protein interaction screens to mechanistically explain neural wiring patterns.