gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery of Uterine Fibroids (2006)

Uterine fibroids are a significant cause of morbidity for women of reproductive age. Over the past decade, minimally invasive treatment options are becoming increasingly popular. A new, Food and Drug Administration-approved noninvasive treatment option is magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery, which has the potential to become a treatment of choice for selected patients. We review the technical aspects of the procedure of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for treatment of uterine fibroids, potential difficulties with treatment planning, and clinical trial results to date. We also describe current developments in treatment imaging and treatment optimization.
Borehole Image Tool Design, Value of Information, and Tool Selection (2010)

Borehole imaging is among the fastest and most accurate methods for collecting high resolution subsurface data. Recent breakthroughs in acquisition, tool design, and modeling software provide real-time subsurface images of incredible detail, from the drill bit straight to a workstation. Associated interpretation workflows offer the high level of detail that is needed to make operational decision and to increase the predictability of subsurface models. Many exploration and production companies have acquired a wealth of dipmeter and image log data. The data are readily available and provide, for example the orientation of fractures and fluvial channels in space. Further applications of borehole imaging technology include matrix and fracture characterization, pore-type partitioning, geosteering, and in-situ stress determination. Exciting new applications are found in enhanced oil recovery, carbon dioxide sequestration, and geothermal projects. In addition, borehole image data are paramount to unlocking unconventional plays such as shale gas and coal-bed methane. AAPG Memoir 92 portrays key applications of dipmeter and image log data across the exploration and production life cycle. (Continued)
Incorporation of zinc in an aluminophosphate microporous phase (1985)

A new molecular sieve with formula Zn0.06Al0.96PO4 has been prepared, which has a structure similar to that of the aluminophosphate ALPO–5; considerable difficulty has been encountered in the complete removal of the templating molecule from both ALPO-5 and its zinc containing analogue.
Cross-layer routing in wireless mesh networks (2005)

Routing in wireless network is challenging because of the unpredictable behavior of the medium and the proactive effect of interference. In order to exploit all the advantages that the wireless medium offers, new routing metrics must be explored. These metrics should come from a cross-layer approach in order to make the routing layer aware of the local issues of the underling layers. In the present paper, we explore three primitive physical layer parameters: interference, packet success rate, and data rate. We define the metrics so that the routing level can correctly find paths that offer: low levels of generated interference, reliability in terms of packet success rate, and highest available transmission rate. We prove that for cross-layer based routing, if the metrics are well designed, the problem is NP-complete.
Environmental Education: Academia's Response (1973)

months about higher education has been justifiably critical of the existing patterns and modes of the educational experience. Particular emphasis has been directed to the lack of both interand intrainstitutional diversity. Most of the critics are calling for new directions and approaches. Similar but more piercing calls are coming from the students themselves. Among the responses to these demands are interdisciplinary programs dealing with environmental problems. While some of these programs have been operating for a number of years, most of the more comprehensive developments are of quite recent vintage, largely occurring during the past 2 to 3 years. The literature available on these programs deals to a large extent with the rhetoric of intents and goals. Little has been written of the nuts and bolts of genesis and operation or the nitty-gritty of successes and failures, of problems and their resolution. This type of assessment has been precluded because of the recent start of many programs. Now, however, the needed time perspective is at hand for a first round of self appraisal. Another incentive for initiating such an assessment has come from numerous
[Studies of disinfection of hemodialysis instruments]. (1977)

Fever reactions in dialysis patients may partly be traced back to the transmission of pyrogens from the rinsing solution compartment into the sanguiferous system. The pyrogen concentration increases with the germ contents of the rinsing solution, which, therefore, should be kept as low as possible by suitable desinfection measures. For the artificial kidney Gambro AK 3 a hot water desinfection of 90 minutes at 90 degrees C or a formalin desinfection of 30 minutes, respectively, for the artificial kidney Leuven IIIC the formalin or peracetic acid desinfection of 30 minutes each proved to be sufficient.
Novel Vibrio cholerae O139 genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (1997)

The sequence of part of the rfb region of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 and the physical map of a 35-kb region of the O139 chromosome have been determined. The O139 rfb region presented contains a number of open reading frames which show similarities to other rfb and capsular biosynthesis genes found in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and in V. cholerae O1. The cloned and sequenced region can complement the defects in O139 antigen biosynthesis in transposon insertions within the O139 rfb cluster. Linkage is demonstrated among IS1358 of V. cholerae O139, the rfb region, and the recently reported otnA and otnB genes (E. M. Bik, A. E. Bunschoten, R. D. Gouw, and F. R. Mooi, EMBO J. 14:209-216, 1995). In addition, the whole of this region has been linked to the rfaD gene. Furthermore, determination of the sequence flanking IS1358 has revealed homology to other rfb-like genes. The exact site of insertion with respect to rfaD is defined for the novel DNAs of both the Bengal and the Argentinian O139 isolates.
Foveated video streaming for cloud gaming (2017)

Good user experience with interactive cloud-based multimedia applications, such as cloud gaming and cloud-based VR, requires low end-to-end latency and large amounts of downstream network bandwidth at the same time. In this paper, we present a foveated video streaming system for cloud gaming. The system adapts video stream quality by adjusting the encoding parameters on the fly to match the player's gaze position. We conduct measurements with a prototype that we developed for a cloud gaming system in conjunction with eye tracker hardware. Evaluation results suggest that such foveated streaming can reduce bandwidth requirements by even more than 50% depending on parametrization of the foveated video coding and that it is feasible from the latency perspective.
On the mechanical theory of the vibrations of bowed strings and of musical instruments of the violin family, with experimental verification of the results, Part I. (1918)

Open Access. Scanned from Vol.2 of Scientific Papers of C.V. Raman. Ed. by S. Ramaseshan. Published in 1988 by the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore.
Axial Transmissive <i>f</i>/1.8 Imaging Raman Spectrograph with Volume-Phase Holographic Filter and Grating (1993)

An axial transmissive Raman spectrograph is described. The instrument employs volume-phase holograms as the laser line rejection filter and transmission grating. The on-axis configuration and the use of a high-spatial-frequency transmission grating allows nearly diffraction-limited imaging and pixel-limited resolution at f/1.8. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated for fiber-optic probe and microprobe Raman spectroscopy.
Theoretical model for the realization of quantum gates using interacting endohedral fullerene molecules (2006)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University
Amino Acid Sequence of a Lysozyme (B-Enzyme) from Bacillus subtilis YT-251 (1988)

The amino acid sequence of a lysozyme, (B-enzyme), from Bacillus subtilis YT-25 was determined by conventional methods. B-Enzyme comprised 117 amino acid residues and had a heterogeneous sequence in the amino-terminal region. The amino acid sequence of B-enzyme was different from those of all other lysozymes the sequences of which are known. However, the partial amino acid sequence of Ser(74) to Ser(97) of B-enzyme was homologous with that of the active-site region of hen egg-white lysozyme (Ser(36) to Ser(60], which includes one of the catalytic amino acids, Asp(52). It is interesting that B-enzyme has an amino acid sequence homologous with that of the gag protein p25 of the AIDS virus ARV-2.
Obscuring the Inequalities of Slavery: Identifying Differential Access to Ceramics at Monticello (2010)

From the 1770s to the 1790s Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, resided at Monticello.This paper will focus on the lives of the enslaved African Americans who worked and lived on his estate during that time.Historical documents and archaeological materials are used to investigate the relationship between spatial proximity of slave quarters to Jefferson's mansion.Building on Diana Crader's work on faunal remains from Mulberry Row and William Adams' and Sarah Boling's scholarship on ceramics owned by enslaved African Americans on antebellum Georgian plantations, this paper attempts to unravel the complex patterns of economic consumption within the slave society at Monticello.By utilizing the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS) database this analysis produces original research on how enslaved African Americans obtained expensive ceramic vessels and what this pattern of consumption meant from the perspectives of Jefferson and the enslaved individuals living at Monticello.An analysis of the value and variability between the ceramic assemblages from Mulberry Row, Sites 7 and 8, and the Elizabeth Hemings site reveal that these individuals had differential access to costly ceramic goods.This article asserts that differential access to high-priced ceramics was related to the proximity of the enslaved individuals to Jefferson's mansion, which is consistent with a model wherein Jefferson distributed expensive ceramics to the slaves closest to his mansion in order to obscure the brutal inequalities of slavery from his view and the view of his visitors.
A Practical Guide to Cardiac Pacing (1995)

1. Indications for Pacing 2. Pacemaker Technology 3. Electrophysiology of Pacing 4. Programmability and Specialized Circuits 5. Types of Pacemakers and Hemodynamics of Pacing 6. Dual-Chamber Pacing: Special Considerations 7. Rate-Modulated Pacing 8. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Antitachycardia Pacing 9. Pacemaker Implantation 10. Follow-up of the Patient Who Has Received a Pacemaker Glossary Suggested Reading Appendix I: Conversion Chart Appendix II: Pacing Paradigm
Limited feedback scheme in the presence of feedback delay using Kalman filter (2011)

In this paper, a Best-M feedback scheme using Kalman filter is proposed to reduce the uplink feedback overhead in the presence of feedback delay. Best-M feedback scheme is an effective method to reduce the number of the channel quality information (CQI) feedback. However, the CQI feedback after the conventional Best-M decision is inaccurate for base station (BS) scheduling due to the feedback delay and the time varying nature of the channel. A modified limited feedback scheme is proposed to use a Kalman filter to compensate for the performance degradation caused by the feedback delay in Best-M feedback scheme. In the proposed scheme, the user equipment (UE) exploits a Kalman filter to predict the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Then, the UE makes the Best-M decision based on this predicted SINR and sends the corresponding CQI back to the BS. The simulation results show that the Best-M feedback scheme using Kalman filter, which achieves the same feedback reduction as the conventional scheme, improves the system spectral efficiency.
Film Scan System Using a Semiconductor Light Source and Light Detector (1966)

The practicality of using a semiconductor light emitting diode and a semiconductor photo transistor in a film scanning system is proven by implementation. The use of these devices rather than an incandescent lamp and photomultiplier tube leads to a system using no high voltages, requiring no warm-up and having very long life with repeatable operation.
A Test of Validity of Quartz Grain Orientation as a Paleocurrent and Paleoenvironmental Indicator (1971)

ABSTRACT The analysis of quartz grain orientation in a set of 261 thin sections obtained from the Thorold and Grimsby Sandstones (Silurian, S.W. Ontario and New York State) indicates that: (1) The number of measurements needed for a petrographic analysis of grain orientation varies from 50-100 in thin sections cut perpendicular to the depositional surface, to 150-250 in thin sections cut parallel to the depositional surface. (2) Preferred grain imbrications are encountered in the vast majority of the samples examined, regardless of the direction of cut of the vertical thin sections with respect to the vector mean of the grain orientation measured parallel to the depositional surface (H). However, the vertical thin sections cut parallel to the vector mean of the H-grain orientation show a tende cy to Lave an average imbrication value significantly different from zero, hence usable for paleocurrent determinations. (3) Non-significant grain orientation distributions are useful in focusing attention on sedimentological characteristics needed for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. (4) Erroneous results are obtained by considering the principal bedding surface as the reference plane for the grain imbrications of apparently massive beds when these are in fact, cross-bedded units. The grain imbrication populations measured in apparently massive beds are a mixture of grain imbrications and of H-grain orientations. The vector means of such a grain imbrication populations cannot be utilized for paleocurrent determinations. The vector means of the H-grain orientation of the massive beds an, instead, be utilized as valid line of movement data although, in this case, the possibility exists of accepting a non-preferred grain orientation as a significant one.
Accurate remaining range estimation for Electric vehicles (2016)

EVs (Electric vehicle) generally have only around 22% driving ranges compared with ICEVs (Internal combustion engine vehicle) with a similar price range. Running out of the EV battery SoC (State of charge) while driving gives the same inconvenience as a vehicle breakdown. In this paper, we emphasize that an accurate remaining range estimation can efficiently mitigate the range anxiety of EV drivers. Most EV drivers reserve 30% of the on-dash estimated remaining range gauge of their EV because they do not trust the current remaining range estimation accuracy of production EVs. In other words, an accurate remaining range estimation is equivalent to increasing the EV battery capacity up to 30%. Just like the analogous concepts used in the power estimation of digital circuits, a model-based remaining range estimation consists of the two consecutive steps, a driving profile estimation and a power consumption estimation using the power model. In this paper, we focus on increasing the accuracy of the power model. We come up with a hybrid modeling methodology combining a physics equation based model with empirical data. We validate the accuracy of the hybrid model in the remaining range estimation with the target EV. We collect the power consumption, velocity, road inclination, etc. of the EV in every half second with an onboard monitoring system, a perform multivariable linear regression and create an accurate EV power model. The proposed remaining range estimation yields only 2.52% error while the state-of-the-art model-based EV remaining range estimation shows 9.33% error when the same future route and speed estimation are given.
Production of terminally differentiated neuroblastoma cells in culture (1994)

The use of fetal central nervous system (CNS) tissue in neural transplants has ethical, availability and some biological limitations. In order to overcome these problems, homogeneous populations of specific neurons in vitro should be established. Transformed nerve cells such as neuroblastoma cells (NBP2) in culture can serve as one of the sources of donor neurons in neural transplants provided they can be induced to differentiate terminally. This study showed that treatment of murine neuroblastoma (NBP2) cells with 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (R020-1724, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase), and β-carotene for a period of 3 days followed by X-irradiation with 20 Gy or above produced 100% terminally differentiated cells. These differentiated NB cells had long and extensive neurites, contained elevated levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and very low levels of MHC class I and II antigens, and were non-tumorigenic. The viability of differentiated NB cells when determined on the criteria of attachment efficiency, re-extension of neurites and presence of TH after replating was only 9%. This was in contrast to the trypan blue exclusion technique which showed that over 90% of differentiated NB cells in culture were viable.
Using Cloud for Research: A Technical Review (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy in children. Paralysis of respiratory muscles causes a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) from age 12 years, and death occurs between 20 and 25 years old and is usually related to respiratory insufficiency. Uncontrolled studies suggest that early home use of nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in DMD patients free of respiratory failure could limit progression of the restrictive syndrome and therefore improve survival because efficacy of preventive NIPPV has not been demonstrated in a controlled trial, we undertook a randomised multicentre study in which 70 patients with DMD were included. Patients were free of daytime respiratory failure and FVC was between 20 and 50% of predicted values. At least 6 h of nocturnal NIPPV (n = 35) was compared with conventional treatment (n = 35). During a mean follow-up of 52 months, 10 patients died, 8 in the NIPPV group and 2 in the control group (p = 0.05, log-rank test). No differences were observed between the two groups for occurrence of hypercapnia, decrease of FVC below 20% of initial values, or use of necessary mechanical ventilation. Preventive NIPPV did not improve respiratory handicap and reduced survival of DMD patients. Use of NIPPV for preventive purposes should be avoided in patients with FVC between 20 and 50% of predicted values.
Rooms, protocols, and nets: methaphors for computer supported cooperative learning of distributed groups (1998)

We discuss an integrative design for computer supported cooperative learning (CSCL) environments. Three common problems of CSCL are addressed: How to achieve social orientation and group awareness, how to coordinate goal-directed interaction, and how to construct a shared knowledge base. With respect to each problem, we propose a guiding metaphor which links theoretical, technical, and usability requirements. If appropriately implemented, each metaphor resolves one problem: Virtual rooms support social orientation, learning protocols guide interactions aimed at knowledge acquisition, and learning nets represent socially shared knowledge. Theoretically, the metaphor of virtual rooms originates in work on virtual spaces in human computer interaction, learning protocols are related to speech act theory, and learning nets are based on models of knowledge representation. A prototype system implementing the virtual room metaphor is presented. We argue that by further integrating these three metaphors a cognitively and educationally sound CSCLenvironment can be achieved.
Naphthoquinone-Directed C–H Annulation and C<sub>sp<sup>3</sup></sub>–H Bond Cleavage: One-Pot Synthesis of Tetracyclic Naphthoxazoles (2014)

One-pot synthesis of tetracyclic naphthoxazole derivatives from electron-deficient naphthoquinones and alkynes was achieved via Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation and C(sp(3))-H bond cleavage for the first time. This approach proceeds through a tandem cascade process involving substrate tautomerization, C-H activation, oxidative addition, cyclization, and aromatization. In addition, broad substrate scope, simple starting materials, and steric tolerance make this strategy of great practicality.
A new oral renal vasodilator, fenoldopam (1983)

Fenoldopam, a dopamine agonist, was evaluated in renal clearance studies during water diuresis after oral doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg. After the 100-mg dose there was an increase in urine flow rate, paraaminohippurate clearance, free water clearance, and an increase in the fractional excretion of sodium, calcium, and uric acid. These effects were evident within the first hour, peaked during the second hour, and lasted about 3 hr. Doses of 50 and 25 mg induced smaller increases. There was no significant change in inulin clearance at any dose. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the studies were repeated after treatment with a dopamine-receptor antagonist (metoclopramide). Metoclopramide greatly diminished the renal effects of fenoldopam. These findings indicate that fenoldopam is an active renal vasodilator in man and increases urine volume, free water clearance, and fractional excretion of sodium by stimulation of renal dopamine receptors.
The infection processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in cotyledon tissue of a resistant and a susceptible genotype of Brassica napus (2010)

Background and Aims Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can attack .400 plant species worldwide. Very few studies have investigated host -pathogen interactions at the plant surface and cellular level in resistant genotypes of oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus). Methods Infection processes of S. sclerotiorum were examined on two B. napus genotypes, one resistant cultivar 'Charlton' and one susceptible 'RQ001-02M2' by light and scanning electron microscopy from 2 h to 8 d post-inoculation (dpi). Key Results The resistant 'Charlton' impeded fungal growth at 1, 2 and 3 dpi, suppressed formation of appresoria and infection cushions, caused extrusion of protoplast from hyphal cells and produced a hypersensitive reaction. At 8 dpi, whilst in 'Charlton' pathogen invasion was mainly confined to the upper epidermis, in the susceptible 'RQ001-02M2', colonization up to the spongy mesophyll cells was evident. Calcium oxalate crystals were found in the upper epidermis and in palisade cells in susceptible 'RQ001-02M2' at 6 dpi, and throughout leaf tissues at 8 dpi. In resistant 'Charlton', crystals were not observed at 6 dpi, whereas at 8 dpi they were mainly confined to the upper epidermis. Starch deposits were also more prevalent in 'RQ001-02M2'. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time at the cellular level that resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus is a result of retardation of pathogen development, both on the plant surface and within host tissues. The resistance mechanisms identified in this study will be useful for engineering disease-resistant genotypes and for developing markers for screening for resistance against this pathogen.