gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing and Mining Traffic Patterns of IoT Devices in Edge Networks (2020)

As connected Internet-of-things (IoT) devices in smart homes, smart cities, and smart industries continue to grow in size and complexity, managing and securing them in distributed edge networks have become daunting but crucial tasks. The recent spate of cyber attacks exploiting the vulnerabilities and insufficient security management of IoT devices have highlighted the urgency and challenges for securing billions of IoT devices and applications. As a first step towards understanding and mitigating diverse security threats of IoT devices, this paper develops an IoT traffic measurement framework on programmable and intelligent edge routers to automatically collect incoming, outgoing, and internal network traffic of IoT devices in edge networks, and to build multidimensional behavioral profiles which characterize who, when, what, and why on the behavioral patterns of IoT devices based on continuously collected traffic data. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first effort to shed light on the IP-spatial, temporal, entropy, and cloud service patterns of IoT devices in edge networks, and to explore these multidimensional behavioral fingerprints for IoT device classification, anomaly traffic detection, and network security monitoring for vulnerable and resource-constrained IoT devices on the Internet.
Identification of proteins undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation during mouse sperm capacitation (2008)

Mammalian sperm are not able to fertilize immediately upon ejaculation; they become fertilization-competent after undergoing changes in the female reproductive tract collectively termed capacitation. Although it has been established that capacitation is associated with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, little is known about the role of this event in sperm function. In this work we used a combination of two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that undergo tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation. Some of the identified proteins are the mouse orthologues of human sperm proteins known to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation. Among them we identified VDAC, tubulin, PDH E1 beta chain, glutathione S-transferase, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6, acrosin binding protein precursor (sp32), proteasome subunit alpha type 6b and cytochrome b-c1 complex. In addition to previously described proteins, we identified two testis-specific aldolases as substrates for tyrosine phosphorylation. Genomic and EST analyses suggest that these aldolases are retroposons expressed exclusively in the testis, as has been reported elsewhere. Because of the importance of glycolysis for sperm function, we hypothesize that tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins can play a role in the regulation of glycolysis during capacitation. However, neither the Km nor the Vmax of aldolase changed as a function of capacitation when its enzymatic activity was assayed in vitro, suggesting other levels of regulation for aldolase function.
Injectorless quantum cascade lasers (2011)

This review focuses on recent progress on injectorless quantum cascade lasers, an increasingly attractive approach in comparison to the “classical” injectorbased concepts. This particularly holds for the wavelength range between 7 and 12 μm, where fundamental vibrational modes of many important molecules exist, so that sensor systems for medical, industrial and military applications highly benefit from these laser sources. The atmospheric transmission window between 8 and 12 μm, with very low damping, also enables free space applications like communication, military countermeasures, and environmental sensors. Injectorless devices operate closer to the original design principle for intersubband lasers as suggested by Suris and Kazarinov [Sov. Phys. Semicond. 5, 707 (1971)]. Therefore, a short description of their features is given in comparison to injectorbased devices. Within recent years, injectorless devices have seen rapid improvement in performance. Best injectorless devices reach threshold current densities of 450 A/cm2 at 300 K, a factor of 1.6 smaller than that for the best injectorbased devices. Their output efficiency has also increased from 2% to more than 7% within the last 2 years, reaching comparable levels and making the injectorless device concept competitive and very attractive for applications.
Use of the plasma CTX for assessing the bone activity of the mandible among osteopenic and osteoporotic patients (2010)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the plasma CTX bone remodeling marker is useful for indicating the bone metabolic activity level of the mandible. Thirty-six patients were selected; all were postmenopausal and aged 50 years or over. In accordance with the WHO criteria for osteoporosis, a control group was set up (n = 10) in which the T-score was greater than -1 and a diseased group with T-score less than -1. Using MDP-(99m)Tc samples, the radioisotope uptake in the femoral neck (R(2)) and mandibular body (R(1)) was analyzed. A third examination was performed using the plasma CTX biochemical bone-modeling marker. The inferential results for the diseased group showed that Ln(R(1)) presented a statistically significant linear relationship with Ln(CTx) (p = 0.067) and with the T-score (p = 0.018). The plasma CTX bone remodeling marker is useful for monitoring the bone metabolic activity of the mandible.
Next Basket Prediction using Recurring Sequential Patterns (2017)

Nowadays, a hot challenge for supermarket chains is to offer personalized services for their customers. Next basket prediction, i.e., supplying the customer a shopping list for the next purchase according to her current needs, is one of these services. Current approaches are not capable to capture at the same time the different factors influencing the customer's decision process: co-occurrency, sequentuality, periodicity and recurrency of the purchased items. To this aim, we define a pattern Temporal Annotated Recurring Sequence (TARS) able to capture simultaneously and adaptively all these factors. We define the method to extract TARS and develop a predictor for next basket named TBP (TARS Based Predictor) that, on top of TARS, is able to to understand the level of the customer's stocks and recommend the set of most necessary items. By adopting the TBP the supermarket chains could crop tailored suggestions for each individual customer which in turn could effectively speed up their shopping sessions. A deep experimentation shows that TARS are able to explain the customer purchase behavior, and that TBP outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors.
A β-Galactosidase Expression Vector for Promoter Analysis (1994)

An expression vector plasmid, designated pMCS beta gal, was constructed to contain a multiple cloning site for insertion of gene fragments with potential regulatory function. This plasmid was designed to test promoter activity in transgenic mice, since digestion with Pst I will release all vector sequences, which could inhibit transgene expression in vivo (Jaenisch, 1988). When this vector, containing the amelogenin promoter, was used to make transgenic mice, expression was tissue specific and developmentally regulated similar to the endogenous gene (Chen et al., 1994). In addition, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (TK) minimal promoter was inserted into pMCS beta gal to produce pTK beta gal, leaving an Sph I upstream site available for insertion of gene fragments with potential enhancer or silencer function, which can be assayed following transfection into cultured cells.
Manufacture of powder compacts (1991)

The quality of a powder compact depends on the uniformity of the particle size distribution throughout its volume and the retaining of a refined microstructure during the final consolidation process. This paper deals with the creation of uniform green compacts from powders and the dynamic consolidation process. An overview of basic issues and problems concerning the behaviour and handling of granular materials is presented, emphasising recent results on particle size segregation induced through vibrations and occurring in granular flows. The implications of segregation on the production of green compacts are introduced followed by a discussion of their formation via ultrasonic vibrations. The dynamic (shock) consolidation process to form dense compacts with metastable or refined microstructures from green compacts is described. A critical review and discussion of the kinetics and energetics in the shock consolidation process, including particle bonding and shock energy distribution, is presented.
Repurposing as a means to increase the activity of amphotericin B and caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms (2013)

Our data demonstrate an in vitro and in vivo enhancement of the antibiofilm activity of caspofungin by toremifene citrate. Furthermore, our results pave the way for implant-related applications of the identified enhancers.
Short wavelength emission properties of highly doped Dy <sup>3+</sup> :YAG/YAG planar waveguides (2007)

In the paper, we investigate on the visible emission of highly doped Dy:YAG/YAG planar waveguides. The disposed set of unique samples has been prepared by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method. The concentration-dependent absorption and emission spectra as well as fluorescence dynamics profiles have been recorded under direct and up-conversion excitation giving a starting point for further considerations focused on main fluorescence quenching mechanisms, as well as possible up-conversion pathways.
Development of a Multi Camera System for Flap Gap Observation in Flight Test (2006)

A dedicated multi camera system was developed by DLR with the objective of flap gap observation within the EC funded project AWIATOR of the 5th frame work programme of the European Commission. Cameras mounted in the aircraft cabin of the Airbus A340 MSN1 were focused on targets on the spoiler trailing edge and on the flap. The special flight test requirements set the conditions, which the system had to fulfill. Hence a multi camera system was set up which can operate up to 4 cameras simultaneously all controlled by one\nPC. The hardware and software was designed for an automatic image acquisition procedure activated by a simple remote start button, which was placed on the test engineer’s desk. In the 1st Flight Test campaign each of the 4 cameras had its own field of view, which limited the possibilities of the evaluation and analysis of gap width changes. In the 2nd Flight Test\ncampaign the 4 cameras were used as two stereoscopic systems. The evaluation worked well in spite of the small angle between the optical axes of the stereo cameras of only 9°. The stereo set up enables the determination of the 3D position of the targets. With that information absolute distances between spoiler and flap have been measured. Additionally, the translation\nand rotation of the flap with respect to the spoiler due to different wing loads can be calculated easily. Also the hardware was improved for the 2nd flight test campaign by adapting the system for the usage of advanced cameras with a higher resolution and sensibility. The improvements of the hardware as well as the application of a stereo system enabled measurements of considerably improved quality.\n
Synthesis and Characterization of Constrained Peptidomimetic Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors:  Amino-Lactam boroAlanines (2007)

We describe here the epimerization-free synthesis and characterization of a new class of conformationally constrained lactam aminoboronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; E.C. 3.4.14.5). These compounds have the advantage that they cannot undergo the pH-dependent cyclization prevalent in most dipeptidyl boronic acids that attenuates their potency at physiological pH. For example, D-3-amino-1-[L-1-boronic-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-2-one (amino-D-lactam-L-boroAla), one of the best lactam inhibitors of DPP IV, is several orders of magnitude less potent than L-Ala-L-boroPro, as measured by Ki values (2.3 nM vs 30 pM, respectively). At physiological pH, however, it is actually more potent than L-Ala-L-boroPro, as measured by IC50 values (4.2 nM vs 1400 nM), owing to the absence of the potency-attenuating cyclization. In an interesting and at first sight surprising reversal of the relationship between stereochemistry and potency observed with the conformationally unrestrained Xaa-boroPro class of inhibitors, the L-L diastereomers of the lactams are orders of magnitude less effective than the D-L lactams. However, this interesting reversal and the unexpected potency of the D-L lactams as DPP IV inhibitors can be understood in structural terms, which is explained and discussed here.
Chapter 2. Building a Knowledge Base (2016)

Chapter 2 of Library Technology Reports (vol. 52, no. 6), “The Knowledge Base at the Center of the Universe” Examines the process of creating and maintaining a knowledge base. It covers the flow of data across the supply chain, including key players such as content providers, systems vendors, and libraries. The discussion is informed by interviews with knowledge base providers and librarians.
Antitumor Activity of Clomiphene Analogs<i>in Vitro</i>: Relationship to Affinity for the Estrogen Receptor and Another High Affinity Antiestrogen-Binding Site (1983)

The antitumor activity of three enclomiphene (trans-1- (p-beta-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)1,2-diphenyl-2-chloroethylene) analogs and the cis isomer zuclomiphene was investigated in MCF 7 human mammary carcinoma cells in culture. Relative antitumor activity was compared with relative binding affinities (RBAs) for the nuclear estrogen receptor (RE; estradiol = 100%) and a microsomal antiestrogen-binding site (AEBS; tamoxifen = 100%) measured in cell-free extracts from MCF 7 cells. Modifications in the structure of the diethylaminoethoxy side chain influenced affinity of both RE and AEBS. Deethylation of the side chain (9599) reduced affinity for both sites by 65-70%, while a diethylaminoproproxy side chain (6866) resulted in a 3-fold increase in affinity for RE (enclomiphene = 2%; 6866 = 6%), but reduced the RBA for AEBS by 66% (enclomiphene = 140%; 6866 = 45%). Conversion of the ether linkage to an amine (10222) increased affinity for RE (10222 = 5%), but markedly reduced affinity for the AEBS (10222 = 15%). All five compounds inhibited the growth of MCF 7 cells in culture, but with markedly different potencies. At low doses (0.25-1.0 microM), where the growth-inhibitory effects were reversed by estradiol (except in the case of zuclomiphene), the relative antitumor activity (6866 greater than 10222 greater than enclomiphene greater than 9599 greater than zuclomiphene) was in the same order as RBA for RE. At higher doses (greater than 2.5 microM), where the growth-inhibitory effects were unaffected or partially reversed by estradiol, the relative potencies of these compounds as antitumor agents changed. Zuclomiphene became the most active, while the potency of enclomiphene increased relative to 6866 and 10222 (zuclomiphene greater than enclomiphene greater than 6866 greater than 10222 greater than 9599). At these doses, estrogen-irreversible antitumor activity was unrelated to affinity for RE, but showed some correlation with affinity for AEBS. It is concluded that the major effect of these compounds on mammary carcinoma growth in vitro is an estrogen-reversible growth-inhibitory effect, the magnitude of which is correlated with affinity for RE. However, studies with zuclomiphene and estrogen-irreversible doses of enclomiphene and 6866 indicate that these antiestrogens also influence cell proliferation in vitro by mechanisms that probably do not involve RE.
Bright red-emitting electrophosphorescent device using osmium complex as a triplet emitter (2003)

A series of efficient and bright double-layer light-emitting devices have been fabricated using the osmium (Os) complex as the triplet emissive dopant in both a blue-emitting polyfluorene derivative (PF–TPA–OXD) containing hole-transporting triphenylamine (TPA) and electron-transporting oxadiazole (OXD) as side chains and a blend of 2-(4-t-butylphenyl)-5(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadizole (PBD) in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). Due to a balanced charge injection and transport in PF–TPA–OXD and very efficient energy transfer from this polymer to the Os complex, the resulting device (indium tin oxide/HTL/OsCF3:PF–TPA–OXD/Ca/Ag) reaches a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.1% with a peak brightness of 2920 cd/m2. These results are significantly higher than those obtained from the commonly used host, PVK:PBD (0.49% and 1270 cd/m2).
A correlation model on plant water consumption and vegetation index in Mu Us Desert, in China (2012)

In arid and semiarid regions, development of vegetation is highly limited by scare of water. As a result, the vegetation cover fraction of high water consumption plants is less than that of low water consumption plants. Models in accounting for the relationship between consumption of water and vegetation index can yield basic information in assessment the water balance behavior in arid and semiarid regions. As a case study in Mu Us Desert, in China, leaf transpiration rates of several typical species and leaf area index (LAI) are measured by potometer and LAI Plant Canopy Analyzer respectively. The data is used to analyze the characteristics and controls of desert vegetation transpiration. A statistical model of vegetation water consumption is proposed based on the correlation between leaf area index and leaf transpiration rates. According to the patterns of time varying consumption of water for different plants, an annual transpiration model with average maximum LAI is developed.
Pathogenesis of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. (1999)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the appearance of progressive joint damage that may be identified only months after the onset of symptoms. Early cartilage and bone erosion is associated with the accumulation of several cell populations in the synovial membrane (SM) and the formation of a proliferating pannus. The synovial sublining layer contains several cell populations including macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The lining layer contains large numbers of macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. The interface between pannus and cartilage is occupied predominantly by activated macrophage populations and synoviocytes capable of secreting destructive proteases in abundance. We have observed that macrophages aggregate preferentially adjacent to the cartilage-pannus junction (CPJ) and express differentiation phenotypes that are absent from the lining layer macrophages of more remote SM. Moreover, in a prospective study, the number of SM macrophages correlated with the degree of joint damage occurring over one year. Similar results were obtained when SM biopsy samples were analyzed and correlated with clinical and radiological changes occurring over 6 years. Macrophages and synoviocytes at the CPJ express matrix metalloproteinase and cathepsin mRNA from the earliest stage of RA. The mechanisms involved in the secretion of tissue degrading enzymes by macrophages and synoviocytes are undergoing further investigation and preliminary results suggest that different regulation pathways may exist.
Efficient maximum-likelihood decoding of spherical lattice space-time codes (2006)

This paper develops a framework for the efficient maximum-likelihood decoding of lattice codes. Specifically we apply it to the spherical Lattice Space-Time (LAST) codes recently put forward by El Gamal et al. that have been proven to achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of MIMO channels. Our solution addresses the so-called boundary control problem within the same search tree structure as existing suboptimal LAST decoders. We demonstrate its performance and complexity by applying two of the most efficient tree-based ML detectors currently reported in the literature to the spherical LAST code proposed for the 2 × 2 MIMO channel of block length 2. Our optimal decoders exhibit improved performance over the naive lattice decoder with MMSE-GDFE pre-processing at a comparable complexity.
Signaling via CD7 molecules on human NK cells. Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and <i>beta</i> 1 integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin. (1994)

We have previously reported that CD7 expressed on resting human NK cells is a signal-transducing molecule, which upon ligation with mAb induces a rapid increase in cytoplasmic free calcium, secretion of IFN-gamma, and augmented NK activity against K562 targets. We now demonstrate that Ab-mediated clustering of CD7 molecules on NK cells results in enhanced phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of intracellular proteins of 60, 70, 80, 97, and 120 kDa. In the presence of genistein, a specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, the enhanced level of tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked, indicating that CD7 may induce signaling via activation of tyrosine kinases. Cross-linking of CD7 or CD16 molecules with primary and secondary Abs, as well as stimulation of NK cells with phorbol ester (PMA) or with calcium ionophore A23187 also induced beta 1 integrin-mediated adhesion of these cells to fibronectin (FN)-coated plastic surfaces. In contrast, cross-linking of CD2 expressed on the surface of NK cells had no significant effect on NK cell adhesion to FN. This adhesion was not associated with up-regulation of expression of alpha 4 beta 1 or alpha 5 beta 1 FN receptors on NK cells, but it required an intact cytoskeleton. The CD7-induced adhesion to FN was mediated by alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins, as it was partially blocked by FN connective segment-1 peptide (EILDVPST), the alpha 4 beta 1-binding domain, as well as by RGD-containing peptides, the alpha 5 beta 1-binding domain, but not by EILEVPST or RGE control peptides. NK cell binding to FN was also partially inhibited by mAb to alpha 4, alpha 5, and beta 1 integrins. The mechanism by which cross-linking of CD7 or CD16 on NK cells induced adhesion to FN appeared to involve both protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C, because this adhesion was blocked in the presence of either genistein or a protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporin. Our data demonstrate that signals transduced via triggering of either CD7 or CD16 molecules are involved in the regulation of the functional activity of beta 1 integrins on NK cells.
Quinolone antibacterials: synthesis and biological activity of carbon isosteres of the 1-piperazinyl and 3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl side chains (1993)

A series of 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline- and 1,8-naphthyridinecarboxylic acids, substituted at the 7-position with carbon-linked side chains, was synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity and DNA-gyrase inhibition. Structural modifications focused on replacement of the heterocyclic nitrogen of the frequently found 1-piperazinyl and 3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl side chains by an sp2- or an sp3-hybridized carbon. All new compounds displayed high in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. Potency relative to the standard nitrogenated agents was dependent on ring size and hybridization of the linking carbon atom of the side chain. Compounds with a 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl substituent at C-7 were equipotent with their 1-piperazinyl analogs, whereas those having a 4-piperidinyl or a 3-amino-1-cyclopentenyl ring at C-7 were less active than the 1-piperazinyl or 3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl substituted agents, respectively. This relative difference in antibacterial potency did not correlate with the observed activity against gyrase, where the majority of the new compounds were equally or more potent than their nitrogenated counterparts.