gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of (–)- <i>cis</i> -chrysanthenyl acetate in <i>Centipeda cunninghamii</i> (1971)

Centipeda cunningharnii (DC.)A.Br. & Aschers (family Compositae) is a native perennial semi-erect herb growing to a height of 30 cm.I t occurs along the banks of dams and rivers, and in local depressions, in temperate regions of Australia.Growth and flowering take place in the warmer months as it is semi-dormant in winter.l,ZThe plant is often referred to as "common sneezeweed" and "scentweed" because of its sternutatory and aromatic properties respectively.Late last century, this species, then grouped with other members of the same genus as Myriogyne minuta, was noted for its ability to relieve ophthalmia3 and was used by aborigines as a medicinal plant .4Steam-distillation of the dried plant material collected near Barry, N.S.W., gave a low yield (0.2%) of a volatile oil.Examination of this material by infrared spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography indicated the presence of one major (45%) ester component, which could be isolated by fractional distillation.Analysis of the ester indicated the formula C,,H,,O,, while the spectral data suggested that it was an acetoxyl derivative of cc-pinene (1 ; X = Y = H) or a closely related system.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum exhibited two three-proton singlets at 6 0.92 and 1 .44,a three-proton quartet (J 2.0 Hz) a t 6 1.68, and a broad one-proton multiplet a t 5.24, which correspond approximately to the signals for the gem-dimethyl, C2 methyl, and C3 vinylic protons respectively of u -~i n e n e .~In support of such a structure, irradiation at 6 5.24 caused the vinylic methyl signal a t 6 1.68 to collapse to a triplet (J 2 .0 Hz, homoallylic coupling).Singlets a t 6 2.08 (three protons) and 4.52 (Whiz 1.10 Hz) (one proton) were assigned to an acetoxyl group and the proton on the carbon bearing this group.Two broad two-proton multiplets at 6 2.15 and 2.33 accounted for the remaining signals.Assuming an u-pinene skeleton, the only position which the acetoxyl group could
Does External Debt Increase Net Private Wealth? The Relative Impact of Domestic versus External Debt on the US Demand for Money (2013)

The paper investigates the effects of domestic vs. external debt on money demand using US data from 1966Q1 to 2011Q1 period. The cointegration analysis reveals that there is no long-term equilibrium between external debt and money demand, suggesting the US government fails to effectively convert the proceeds from public debt into increased perceived private wealth. On the other hand, the existence of a long run positive correction between domestic debt and money demand implies that domestic bondholders view interest income as extra wealth, without fully discount future tax liabilities.
Molecular cloning of cDNA coding for kidney aldose reductase (1989)

Cells generally respond to long-term hyperosmotic stress by accumulating nonperturbing organic osmolytes. Unlike bacteria, in which molecular mechanisms involved in the increased accumulation of osmolytes have been identified, those in multicellular organisms are virtually unknown. In mammals, during antidiuresis, cells of the renal inner medulla are exposed to high and variable extracellular NaCl. Under these conditions, the cells contain a high level of sorbitol and other osmolytes which help balance the high extracellular osmolality. PAP-HT25 is a continuous line of cells derived from rabbit renal inner medulla. When medium osmolality is increased by raising the NaCl concentration, these cells accumulate sorbitol. The sorbitol is synthesized from glucose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. When the medium is made hyperosmotic, aldose reductase activity increases because of a larger increase in the amount of enzyme. This increase is produced by the accelerated rate of synthesis of aldose reductase protein. The purpose of the present studies was to examine the mechanism of this increase in aldose reductase protein by measuring the relative abundance of aldose reductase mRNA. A cDNA clone coding for rabbit kidney aldose reductase was isolated. Antisense RNA probes transcribed from this clone hybridized specifically with a 1.5-1.6 kilobase mRNA in Northern blots. Cells grown chronically in hyperosmotic medium had a relative abundance of this specific mRNA which was six times that of cells grown in isoosmotic medium. When cells grown in isoosmotic medium were switched to hyperosmotic medium, the level of aldose reductase mRNA peaked (18-fold) at 18-24 h. The induction of aldose reductase mRNA by osmotic stress was reversible. Our finding of increased abundance of a specific mRNA in direct response to hyperosmotic stress represents the first report of such an effect in animals.
Exponential Separation of Quantum and Classical One-Way Communication Complexity for a Boolean Function (2006)

We give an exponential separation between one-way quantum and classical communication complexity for a Boolean function. Earlier such a separation was known only for a relation. A very similar result was obtained earlier but independently by Kerenidis and Raz [KR06]. Our version of the result gives an example in the bounded storage model of cryptography, where the key is secure if the adversary has a certain amount of classical storage, but is completely insecure if he has a similar amount of quantum storage.
A new technique for website design using an interactive visualization hypertext tool (1997)

Article A new technique for website design using an interactive visualization hypertext tool Share on Author: Jay M. Lightfoot University of Northern Colorado, Kepner Hall 95B, Greeley, CO University of Northern Colorado, Kepner Hall 95B, Greeley, COView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGCPR '97: Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGCPR conference on Computer personnel researchApril 1997 Pages 14–19https://doi.org/10.1145/268820.268861Online:03 April 1997Publication History 3citation922DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads922Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Physical and biological triggers of ventilator-induced lung injury and its prevention (2003)

Ventilator-induced lung injury is a side-effect of mechanical ventilation. Its prevention or attenuation implies knowledge of the sequence of events that lead from mechanical stress to lung inflammation and stress at rupture. A literature review was undertaken which focused on the link between the mechanical forces in the diseased lung and the resulting inflammation/rupture. The distending force of the lung is the transpulmonary pressure. This applied force, in a homogeneous lung, is shared equally by each fibre of the lung's fibrous skeleton. In a nonhomogeneous lung, the collapsed or consolidated regions do not strain, whereas the neighbouring fibres experience excessive strain. Indeed, if the global applied force is excessive, or the fibres near the diseased regions experience excessive stress/strain, biological activation and/or mechanical rupture are observed. Excessive strain activates macrophages and epithelial cells to produce interleukin-8. This cytokine recruits neutrophils, with consequent full-blown inflammation. In order to prevent initiation of ventilator-induced lung injury, transpulmonary pressure must be kept within the physiological range. The prone position may attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury by increasing the homogeneity of transpulmonary pressure distribution. Positive end-expiratory pressure may prevent ventilator-induced lung injury by keeping open the lung, thus reducing the regional stress/strain maldistribution. If the transpulmonary pressure rather than the tidal volume per kilogram of body weight is taken into account, the contradictory results of the randomised trials dealing with different strategies of mechanical ventilation may be better understood.
When to walk away from a deal. (2004)

Deal making is glamorous; due diligence is not. That simple statement goes a long way toward explaining why so many companies have made so many acquisitions that have produced so little value. The momentum of a transaction is hard to resist once senior management has the target in its sights. Companies contract "deal fever," and due diligence all too often becomes an exercise in verifying the target's financial statements rather than conducting a fair analysis of the deal's strategic logic and the acquirer's ability to realize value from it. Seldom does the process lead managers to kill potential acquisitions, even when the deals are deeply flawed. In a recent Bain & Company survey of 250 international executives with M&A responsibilities, only 30% of them were satisfied with the rigor of their due diligence. And fully a third admitted they hadn't walked away from deals they had nagging doubts about. In this article, the authors, all Bain consultants, emphasize the importance of comprehensive due diligence practices and suggest ways companies can improve their capabilities in this area. They provide rich real-world examples of companies that have had varying levels of success with their due diligence processes, including Safeway, Odeon, American Sea-foods, and Kellogg's. Effective due diligence requires answering four basic questions: What are we really buying? What is the target's stand-alone value? Where are the synergies--and the skeletons? And what's our walk-away price? Each of these questions will prompt an even deeper level of querying that puts the broader, strategic rationale for acquisitions under a microscope. Successful acquirers pay close heed to the results of such in-depth investigations and analyses--to the extent that they are prepared to walk away from a deal, even in the very late stages of negotiations.
Homozygous deletion of CDKN2A (p16INK4a/p14ARF) but not within 1p36 or at other tumor suppressor loci in neuroblastoma. (2001)

Loss of heterozygosity of several specific genomic regions is frequently observed in neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines, but homozygous deletion (HD) is rare, and no neuroblastoma tumor suppressor gene (TSG) has yet been identified. We performed a systematic search for HD, indicative of a disrupted TSG, in a panel of 46 neuroblastoma cell lines. An initial search focused on a well-characterized consensus region of hemizygous deletion at 1p36.3, which occurs in 35% of primary neuroblastomas. Each cell line was screened with 162 1p36 markers, for a resolution of 13 kb within the consensus 1p36.3 deletion region and 350 kb throughout the remainder of 1p36. No HDs were detected. This approach was expanded to survey 21 known TSGs, specifically targeting intragenic regions frequently inactivated in other malignancies. HD was detected only at the CDKN2A (p16INK4a/p14ARF) gene at 9p21 and was observed in 4 of 46 cell lines. The observed region of HD included all exons of both CDKN2A and the closely linked CDKN2B (p15INK4b) gene for cell lines LA-N-6 and CHLA-174, all exons of CDKN2A but none of CDKN2B for CHLA-179, and only 104 bp within CDKN2A exon 2 for CHLA-101. All four deletions are predicted to inactivate the coding regions of both p16INK4a and p14ARF. HD was observed in corresponding primary tumor samples for CHLA-101 and CHLA-174 but was not present in constitutional samples. These results suggest that for neuroblastoma, large HDs do not occur within 1p36, most known TSGs are not homozygously deleted, and biallelic inactivation of CDKN2A may contribute to tumorigenicity in a subset of cases.
Organic By-Product Effects on Soil Chemical Properties And Microbial Communities (1996)

Soil management practices that contribute to increased soil productivity and longterm sustainable agricultural production have been neglected over the last four decades. The need to increase soil productivity led to the evaluation of a system of disposing of large quantities of organic by-products and poultry litter on agricultural land. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of applying noncomposted municipal solid waste (MSW), amended with either poultry litter (PL) or NH4NO3 to adjust C:N ratios in the soil surface in either the spring or fall. Changes in soil chemical properties, bacteria population shifts, changes in species richness and evenness of indigenous soil bacteria, and response by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were evaluated. Soil P, K, Ca, and Mg were increased in the surface 0–15 cm by a factor of three or four times by application of organic by-products. After two annual applications, soil Cu increased slightly, Zn doubled, Co and Cr decreased, while Pb increased by a factor of two. Soil organic matter content increased on average by 89 percent for treatments containing newsprint, yard trimmings, and cotton gin trash. Newsprint plus NH4NO3 resulted in a shift to more Gram positive bacteria, while newsprint plus poultry litter resulted in a shift to more Gram negative bacteria. Both N sources resulted in a reduction in Bacillus sp. Shifts in the bacterial populations and changes in species richness (number of species detected) and evenness (relative abundance of each species) were induced by organic by-product additions. These shifts appear to be the result of increased substrate for C mineralization rather than any properties of biological control. Shifts in the microbial community structure towards Gram negative organisms may benefit plant growth and may be useful as an indicator of soil quality.
Annealing-temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of LPCVD silicon-dioxide layers (1993)

The authors point out that the reliability and performance of electronic circuits are influenced by heat conduction in low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) silicon dioxide layers. Here, the effective thermal conductivity k/sub eff/ for conduction normal to films of LPCVD silicon dioxide layers as a function of annealing temperature, as well as for films of thermal and SIMOX oxides, is measured. The LPCVD oxide thermal conductivity increases by 23% due to annealing at 1150 degrees C. The conductivities k/sub eff/ of LPCVD layers of thicknesses between 0.03 and 0.7 mu m are higher than those reported previously for CVD layers, and vary between 50% and 90% of the conductivities of bulk fused silicon dioxide. The values of SIMOX and thermal oxide layers are within the experimental error of the values for bulk fused silicon dioxide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DOCUMENT+PROGRAM HYBRIDS ON THE INTERNET AND THEIR IMPACT ON INFORMATION TRANSFER (1998)

This contribution looks at some relatively new and recent advanced tools, techniques, methods and standards related to the Internet which form the basis for mixtures of documents and services, which we can call ‘document+program hybrids’. The new Internet systems contribute to an evolution from documents on the one side and computer programs on the other side, neatly separated, apart from each other, without much interaction, so that the static document can also exist without computers and networks, to hybrid systems where the classical distinction between the contents and the container is blurred; where all components are integrated, interwoven and exist in synergy with each other; they can be more dynamic and interactive, in comparison with more classical and static documents, by involving and exploiting the power of computers and networks. A collection is presented of Internet‐based sources (URLs) that can serve as illustrations. Recent methods, techniques, standards and protocols on the Internet that form the basis of the evolution are listed. As professional information intermediaries, the authors also consider the impact in the area of online access to information and knowledge.
Design data management in a CAD framework environment (1990)

The design data management system is a crucial component in an IC CAD framework environment as the design involves large volume of data in diversified formats. This article identifies requirements for such a system and presents the approaches that a design framework utilizes to support these requirements. Several aspects, including a library model, version control, configuration management, access control, and history tracking, are explored and feasible solutions are proposed. The system is currently under development and will be released in the next generation of the Cadence design framework.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease degrades human gamma interferon and inhibits its bioactivity (1988)

This study was performed to determine the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by antigen-stimulated human T-cell clones. Crude bacterial filtrates prepared from certain strains of P. aeruginosa inhibited IFN-gamma production by T cells and reduced the antiviral activity of preformed IFN-gamma. Bacterial filtrates prepared from mutant strains that did not produce the exoenzyme alkaline protease (AP) did not inhibit IFN-gamma activity. The inhibitory activity of bacterial filtrates was heat and trypsin sensitive and was neutralized by an antiserum to AP. Crystalline AP mimicked the effects of the bacterial filtrates, and an inactive filtrate from a protease-deficient mutant strain was reconstituted by the addition of AP. AP-treated recombinant IFN-gamma showed altered migration on Western blots (immunoblots) of polyacrylamide gels, and this modification correlated with a dose-dependent loss of antiviral activity. The ability of recombinant IFN-gamma to elevate the expression of Fc receptors on cells of the U-937 histiocytic cell line was also diminished by AP treatment. These results indicate that the Pseudomonas protease AP can inhibit the antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of IFN-gamma.
Real Time Electrical Impedance Imaging (2005)

We present the design of an electrical impedance tomography system, capable of 25 frame s-l. The main problem which had to be overcome was making the impedance measurements with sufficient accuracy to image lung perfusion. We present invitro results which show that the required specification has been met. and preliminary invivo results have been obtained.
Overview of robotic applications for energized transmission line work — Technologies, field projects and future developments (2010)

The increase in live-line work procedures has stimulated the development and use of robotic devices to minimize risk to field personnel safety and to power system reliability when performing live-line work. This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art and an assessment of the future directions for transmission line robotics and includes automation and robotics technologies for transmission line maintenance, assessment/monitoring, and repair. Furthermore, the focus is on applications, real world experiences and detailed technology descriptions of robots for energized transmission line work. This paper presents partial results from a project performed by Quanta Technology for the Transmission Line Asset Management Group of CEATI International and includes three main phases: robotic technologies, results of utility surveys and results from interviews with utilities and robot service providers.
Adult neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases: A systems biology perspective (2016)

New neurons are generated throughout adulthood in two regions of the brain, the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and are incorporated into the hippocampal network circuitry; disruption of this process has been postulated to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Known modulators of adult neurogenesis include signal transduction pathways, the vascular and immune systems, metabolic factors, and epigenetic regulation. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as neurotrophic factors, transcription factors, and cell cycle regulators control neural stem cell proliferation, maintenance in the adult neurogenic niche, and differentiation into mature neurons; these factors act in networks of signaling molecules that influence each other during construction and maintenance of neural circuits, and in turn contribute to learning and memory. The immune system and vascular system are necessary for neuronal formation and neural stem cell fate determination. Inflammatory cytokines regulate adult neurogenesis in response to immune system activation, whereas the vasculature regulates the neural stem cell niche. Vasculature, immune/support cell populations (microglia/astrocytes), adhesion molecules, growth factors, and the extracellular matrix also provide a homing environment for neural stem cells. Epigenetic changes during hippocampal neurogenesis also impact memory and learning. Some genetic variations in neurogenesis related genes may play important roles in the alteration of neural stem cells differentiation into new born neurons during adult neurogenesis, with important therapeutic implications. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of and interactions between these modulators of adult neurogenesis, as well as implications for neurodegenerative disease and current therapeutic research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospray on magnetic instruments (1989)

Abstract The mass spectra of a number of compounds have been measured using a novel electrospray interface to magnetic sector instruments. The performance of the interface, combined here with both single‐ and double‐focusing spectrometers, is compared with existing interfaces to quadrupole instruments.
Dynamic scan clock control in BIST circuits (2011)

We dynamically monitor per cycle scan activity to speed up the scan clock for low activity cycles without exceeding the specified peak power budget. The activity monitor is implemented as on-chip hardware. Two models, one for test sets with peak activity factor of 1 and the other for test sets with peak activity factor lower than 1, have been proposed. In test sets with peak activity factors of 1, the test time reduction accomplished depends upon an average activity factor of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> . For low α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> , about 50% test time reduction is analytically shown. With moderate activity, α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> = 0.5, simulated test data gives about 25% test time reduction for ITC02 benchmarks. BIST with dynamic clock showed about 19% test time reduction for the largest ISCAS89 circuits in which the hardware activity monitor and scan clock control required about 2-3% hardware overhead. In test sets with peak activity factors lower than 1, the test time reduction depends on an input activity factor of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> and an output activity factor of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> . For low α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> and high α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> , a test time reduction of about 50% is analytically shown.