gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Achievable Rate Region for Interference Channels with One Cooperating Transmitter (2007)

A previously established inner bound on the capacity region of two-sender, two-receiver interference channels where one transmitter knows both messages is evaluated for Gaussian channels. The inner bound is based on strategies that generalize prior work, and include rate-splitting, Gel'fand-Pinsker coding and cooperative transmission. The bound is shown to outperform existing schemes. In this context, coding against the interference known at the transmitter is also discussed. It is shown that, when the interference is a codebook, superposition coding can outperform Gel'fand-Pinsker binning.
A typology of online child pornography offending (2004)

The internet has increased the range, volume and accessibility of sexually abusive imagery, including child pornography. Child pornography depicts the sexual or sexualised physical abuse of children under 16 years of age. Australia has joined many other nations in an international effort to combat this multi-faceted global menace that combines both heavily networked and highly individualised criminal behaviour. This paper outlines the legal definition of child pornography and Australian laws relating to this, and presents a typology of online child pornography offending. Implications for law enforcement responses are also discussed. This work is a result of a collaborative program between the Australian Institute of Criminology and the Australian High Tech Crime Centre.
Annealing of Electron Bombardment Damage in Silicon Crystals (1957)

Silicon crystals were bombarded at room temperature with electrons of 700 kev from a Van de Graaff accelerator. The annealing of the bombardment damage was studied between 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C by observing the recovery of the minority-carrier lifetime. The annealing was found to proceed with an activation energy of 1.3 ev. This is interpreted as being the activation energy associated with the lattice jump frequency.The kinetics of the annealing are identical in most $p$-type and $n$-type crystals. A second-order process has been identified toward the end of the annealing. Evidence is given that crystalline defects can influence the annealing kinetics.
Arterial input function measurement without blood sampling using a beta-microprobe in rats. (2004)

Although direct quantification proved difficult, the microprobe allowed accurate measurement of arterial input function with a high temporal resolution and no blood loss. The technique, because offering adequate sensitivity and temporal resolution for kinetic measurements of radiotracers in the blood compartment, should facilitate quantitative modeling for radiotracer studies in small animals.
Novel Technology Replaces Perforating and Improves Efficiency During Multiple Layer Fracturing Operations (2007)

Abstract A new method of completing multiple layer wells has been successfully tested in the Piceance basin for Petrogulf Corporation. This new method placed sliding sleeve valves in the casing string and completed the well with normal cementing operations. The sliding sleeves were opened one at a time to fracture layers independently without perforating. The valves have a unique design feature which allows an unlimited number of valves to be placed in a single well without incremental reductions to the ID, thus allowing normal cementing operations. A control line is connected to sequential valves. When the bottom valve opens, the control line becomes pressurized and transfers this pressure to a piston in the valve immediately above. This piston squeezes a C-ring and makes the ID smaller. At the end of the fracture treatment to the lower valve, a dart is dropped during the flushing operation. This dart lands on the C-ring and seals the bore inside the sliding sleeve. Pressure is then increased until the next valve is pumped open. When this valve opens, the next control line is pressurized, squeezing the next C-ring. The main feasibility issue with this cemented sliding sleeve concept was the possibility of high fracture initiation pressure through the cement and into the formation without perforated holes. Significant laboratory testing was conducted that predicted fracture initiation pressure to be near openhole fracture initiation pressure. To confirm the laboratory testing, Petrogulf agreed to place two of these casing valves in a well in the Piceance basin to measure the fracture initiation pressure and test the functionality of the valves.
Imbalance of Neocortical Excitation and Inhibition and Altered UP States Reflect Network Hyperexcitability in the Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome (2008)

Despite the pronounced neurological deficits associated with mental retardation and autism, it is unknown if altered neocortical circuit function occurs in these prevalent disorders. Here we demonstrate specific alterations in local synaptic connections, membrane excitability, and circuit activity of defined neuron types in sensory neocortex of the mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome-the Fmr1 knockout (KO). Overall, these alterations result in hyperexcitability of neocortical circuits in the Fmr1 KO. Specifically, we observe a substantial deficit in local excitatory drive ( approximately 50%) targeting fast-spiking (FS) inhibitory neurons in layer 4 of somatosensory, barrel cortex. This persists until at least 4 wk of age suggesting it may be permanent. In contrast, monosynaptic GABAergic synaptic transmission was unaffected. Overall, these changes indicate that local feedback inhibition in neocortical layer 4 is severely impaired in the Fmr1 KO mouse. An increase in the intrinsic membrane excitability of excitatory neurons may further contribute to hyperexcitability of cortical networks. In support of this idea, persistent neocortical circuit activity, or UP states, elicited by thalamic stimulation was longer in duration in the Fmr1 KO mouse. In addition, network inhibition during the UP state was less synchronous, including a 14% decrease in synchrony in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz). These circuit changes may be involved in sensory stimulus hypersensitivity, epilepsy, and cognitive impairment associated with Fragile X and autism.
The effect of silica‐containing calcium‐phosphate particles on human osteoblasts <i>in vitro</i> (2003)

There is an ongoing need for more effective and less costly bone substitutes. It has previously been proposed that silica-containing bioactive glass would be more effective as a bone repair material because of its physiochemical properties. Three newly synthesized silica-containing bioactive glass formulations, HA-31 (25%), HA-11 (50%), and HA-13 (75%), were tested as biocompatible substrates for the continued proliferation and phenotype expression of human bone cells in vitro. Two currently available bioactive glasses (BioGlass(R), Hydroxyapatite) served as comparisons. The biocompatibility of these bioglasses, as well as their osteoconductive properties, was assessed by employing primary cultures of human osteoblasts and human synoviocytes for 4 days. The results obtained demonstrated that the three new bioglasses enhanced the proliferative response of osteoblasts compared with osteoblasts cultured alone. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that osteoblasts retained their phenotypic expression by continued expression of collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase. The newly synthesized preparations of silica-containing bioactive glass did not induce stimulation of proinflammatory markers iNOS and IL-1beta in synoviocytes. In conclusion, the newly synthesized silica-containing bioactive glasses are biocompatible substrate for bone-forming osteoblasts. However, the formulations tested did not show significant advantage over the currently available bioactive glasses in vitro.
Modification to the JPC79 Colour–difference Formula (1984)

The JPC79 colour–difference formula has represented a substantial improvement over earlier formulae and is being applied successfully in industrial shade passing. Modifications are described which overcome certain problems and, to some extent, simplify the formula. With available experimental data, the modified version performed even better than the original formula. Perceptibility data are fitted better by increasing the JPC79 lightness weighting by a factor of two. The new formula, designated CMC (: c), has the best overall performance of any formula so far published.
Directive couplers in wave guides (1946)

Different modes of coupling two wave guides, in particular their directive properties, are investigated. An r.f. unit using a directive coupler is described. Directive couplers are also used in standing-wave measuring equipment, power monitoring, etc.In the first part of the paper formulae derived by H. A. Bethe are applied to different wave-guide configurations, such as two parallel or crossed wave guides, using circular holes or linear slots as coupling elements. Formulae giving the directivity and the attenuation between guides are derived, and numerical examples are worked out, for all the cases considered.In the second part broad-banding of directive couplers by multiplication of coupling elements (holes, slots, etc.) is considered. The formulae can be applied to end-fire or broadside arrays.The third and last part is devoted to a discussion on the experimental results obtained with directive couplings. The importance of the accuracy of mechanical work, perfect matching of the excited waveguide and the effect of the finite size of the coupling elements are discussed.
Determination of In-Situ Stress From Anelastic Strain Recovery Measurements of Oriented Core (1983)

ABSTRACT A reliable method for determining the in situ stress state in deep formations is of great importance to the gas industry in designing massive hydraulic fracture treatments of low permeability reservoirs. Knowledge of the horizontal in situ stress directions and magnitudes would allow prediction of fracture azimuth and height. In this paper a method using anelastic strain recovery measurements of oriented core will be presented as a reliable and practical tool for determining both the directions and magnitudes of the principal horizontal in situ stresses in deep formations. The principal horizontal stress directions are determined directly from the principal horizontal strain recovery directions. The principal horizontal stress magnitudes are calculated from the principal strain recovery magnitudes, overburden stress, and Poisson's ratio of the rock using a viscoelastic model by Blanton. In addition, petrophysical measurements of the core parallel to the principal directions of strain recovery, at atmospheric pressure and at elevated confining pressure, suggest that the strain recovery process is a consequence of microcrack formation and expansion.
Achieving a Patient-Centered, Value-Based System of Diabetes Care in the United States: Report on a National Stakeholder Summit (2017)

Chronic instability in the health care environment has raised concerns among providers and patients, especially those who treat and cope with chronic conditions. Changes to existing health care laws are unlikely to alter what have become the primary goals of the US health care system: cost-effectiveness and patient-centricity. To that end, it is vital that patient and physician voices be incorporated in policy decisions and, importantly, that access to care and patient-reported outcomes are considered when calculating "value." Following a discussion of perceived pressures on patient access to information and appropriate treatment for diabetes, a panel of engaged stakeholders in the diabetes community outlined and committed to a collaborative effort aimed at effecting necessary policy changes and ensuring that a patient-centered, value-based system of diabetes care is achieved. The overarching themes that emerged included: (1) patients and physicians must have a stronger voice and a place at the table; (2) a collaborative of multiple organizations is necessary to seize improvement opportunities; and (3) the diabetes community must advocate for population health initiatives around diabetes.
LPD properties of adaptive frequency hopping systems for HF communications (1994)

Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) has been proposed as a technique to combat slow multipath fading and the severe interference problems in HF-links. In such a system, link quality measurements are f ...
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in <i>Tyk2</i> Controls Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (2009)

Genes controlling immunopathologic diseases of differing etiopathology may also influence susceptibility to autoimmune disease. B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ mice with a 2538 G-->A missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase-2 gene (Tyk2) are susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii yet resistant to autoimmune arthritis, unlike the wild-type B10.Q/Ai substrain. To understand whether Tyk2 is also important in a second autoimmune model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ (Tyk2(A)) and B10.Q/Ai (Tyk2(G)) mice with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 79-96. B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ mice were resistant to EAE whereas B10.Q/Ai mice were susceptible, and a single copy of the Tyk2(G) allele conferred EAE susceptibility in F(1) hybrids. Furthermore, EAE resistance in B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ mice was overridden when pertussis toxin (PTX) was used to mimic the effects of environmental factors derived from infectious agents. Numerous cytokines and chemokines were increased when PTX was included in the immunization protocol. However, only RANTES, IL-6, and IFN-gamma increased significantly with both genetic compensation and PTX treatment. These data indicate that Tyk2 is a shared autoimmune disease susceptibility gene whose genetic contribution to disease susceptibility can be modified by environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms like the one that distinguishes Tyk2 alleles are of considerable significance given the potential role of gene-by-environment interactions in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
HRTF Individualization: A Survey (2020)

The individuality of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is a key issue for binaural synthesis. While, over the years, a lot of work has been accomplished to propose end-user-friendly solutions to HRTF personalization, it remains a challenge. In this article we establish a state-of-the-art of that work. We classify the various proposed methods, review their respective advantages and disadvantages, and, above all, methodically check if and how the perceptual validity of the resulting HRTFs was assessed.
Adaptive curvilinear coordinates in a plane-wave solution of Maxwell’s equations in photonic crystals (2005)

A method is described to compute the modes propagating at a given frequency in dielectric systems that are periodic in two dimensions and uniform in the third dimension, using a plane-wave basis expressed in a system of generalized curvilinear coordinates. The coordinates are adapted to the structure under consideration by increasing the effective plane-wave cutoff in the vicinity of the interfaces between dielectrics, where the electromagnetic fields vary most rapidly. The favorable efficiency and convergence properties of the method are shown by comparison with the conventional plane-wave formulation of Maxwell's equations. Although the method is developed to study propagation in photonic crystal fibers, it is also applicable more generally to plane-wave modal solutions of structured dielectrics.
Real-Space Approach to Calculation of Electric Polarization and Dielectric Constants (1994)

We describe a real-space approach to the calculation of the properties of an insulating crystal in an applied electric field, based on the iterative determination of the Wannier functions (WF's) of the occupied bands. It has been recently shown that a knowledge of the occupied WF's allows the calculation of the spontaneous (zero-field) electronic polarization. Building on these ideas, we describe a method for calculating the electronic polarization and dielectric constants of a material in nonzero field. The method is demonstrated for a one-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian.
<title>Automated segmentation of anatomic regions in chest radiographs using an adaptive-sized hybrid neural network</title> (1997)

The purposes of this research are to investigate the effectiveness of our novel image features for segmentation of anatomic regions such as the lungs and the mediastinum in chest radiographs and to develop an automatic computerized method for image processing. A total of 85 screening chest radiographs from Johns Hopkins University Hospital were digitized to 2K by 2.5K pixels with 12-bit gray scale. To reduce the amount of information, the images were smoothed and subsampled to 256 by 310 pixels with 8-bit. The determination approach consists of classifying each pixel into two anatomic classes (lung and others) on the basis of several image features: (1) relative pixel address (Rx, Ry) based on lung edges extracted through image processing using profile, (2) density nonnalized from lungs and mediastinum density, and (3) histogram equalized entropy. The combinations of image features were evaluated using an adaptive-sized hybrid neural network (ASH-NN) consisting of an input, a hidden and an output layer. Fourteen images were used for the training of the neural network and the remaining 71 images for testing. Using four features of relative address (Rx,Ry), normalized density, and histogram equalized entropy, the neural networks classified lungs at 92% accuracy against test images following the same rules as for the training images. Key Words: Chest Radiograph, Anatomic Region, Segmentation, Image Feature, Neural Network, Self-Organization
The atypical antidepressant and neurorestorative agent tianeptine is a μ-opioid receptor agonist (2014)

Current pharmacological treatments of depression and related disorders suffer from major problems, such as a low rate of response, slow onset of therapeutic effects, loss of efficacy over time and serious side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic approaches that address these issues. Interestingly, the atypical antidepressant tianeptine already meets in part these clinical goals. However, in spite of three decades of basic and clinical investigations, the molecular target of tianeptine, as well as its mechanism of action, remains elusive. Herein, we report the characterization of tianeptine as a μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist. Using radioligand binding and cell-based functional assays, including bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assays for G-protein activation and cAMP accumulation, we identified tianeptine as an efficacious MOR agonist (K(i Human) of 383±183 nM and EC(50 Human) of 194±70 nM and EC(50 Mouse) of 641±120 nM for G-protein activation). Tianeptine was also a full δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist, although with much lower potency (EC(50 Human) of 37.4±11.2 μM and EC(50 Mouse) of 14.5±6.6 μM for G-protein activation). In contrast, tianeptine was inactive at the κ-opioid receptor (KOR, both human and rat). On the basis of these pharmacological data, we propose that activation of MOR (or dual activation of MOR and DOR) could be the initial molecular event responsible for triggering many of the known acute and chronic effects of this agent, including its antidepressant and anxiolytic actions.
GaAs/AlAs coupled multilayer cavity structures for terahertz emission devices (2009)

GaAs/AlAs coupled multilayer cavity structures are proposed as terahertz emission devices. Two cavity modes with an optical frequency difference in the terahertz region can be realized when two cavity layers are coupled by an intermediate distributed Bragg reflector multilayer. Interference between the enhanced light fields of the cavity modes has been demonstrated by the simultaneous injection of two cavity-mode lights using an ultrashort pulse laser. Such coupled multilayer cavity structures are promising for use as compact and room temperature operable terahertz emission devices based on difference frequency generation by the cavity-mode lights.
Laser-pulse shaping using inducible absorption with controlled Q-switch time behavior (1970)

The behavior of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched laser-pulse shapes caused by various optical nonlinearities within the optical resonator is treated with an extended version of the Statz-de Mars equations. The importance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switch time behavior together with optical nonlinearity is shown by means of waveforms calculated at selected values of essential parameters, and good qualitative correspondence with a wide variety of relevant experimental observations is reported. A method of estimating some of the qualitative effects of parameter variations is described, providing an alternative to computer calculations when full details are not required.
Impact of Unplanned Extubation and Reintubation after Weaning on Nosocomial Pneumonia Risk in the Intensive Care Unit (2002)

Accidental extubation but not self-extubation or reintubation after weaning increased the risk of nosocomial pneumonia. These 3 events may deserve evaluation as an indicator for quality-of-care studies.
The Stereochemistry of α-Haloketones. V. Prediction of the Stereochemistry of α-Brominated Ketosteroids (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stereochemistry of α-Haloketones. V. Prediction of the Stereochemistry of α-Brominated KetosteroidsElias J. CoreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 175–179Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views634Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Personal nuclear accident dosimetry at Sandia National Laboratories (1996)

DOE installations possessing sufficient quantities of fissile material to potentially constitute a critical mass, such that the excessive exposure of personnel to radiation from a nuclear accident is possible, are required to provide nuclear accident dosimetry services. This document describes the personal nuclear accident dosimeter (PNAD) used by SNL and prescribes methodologies to initially screen, and to process PNAD results. In addition, this report describes PNAD dosimetry results obtained during the Nuclear Accident Dosimeter Intercomparison Study (NAD23), held during 12-16 June 1995, at Los Alamos National Laboratories. Biases for reported neutron doses ranged from -6% to +36% with an average bias of +12%.