gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total synthesis of L-659,699, a novel inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of L-659,699, a novel inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesisYuan Ching P. Chiang, Shu Shu Yang, James V. Heck, John C. Chabala, and Michael N. ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 24, 5708–5712Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00285a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00285a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of an auxin-regulated gene cDNA expressed during the transition from G0 to S phase in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. (1989)

A cDNA clone for an auxin-regulated gene was isolated from a tobacco mesophyll protoplast cDNA library by differential screening. Nucleotide, sequence analysis showed that the deduced product of the gene, which we have designated par, is hydrophilic and is composed of 220 amino acids. No significant homology to other known proteins was detected. The mRNA of the par gene is approximately 900 bases long and its accumulation was detected in cultured mesophyll protoplasts as early as 30 min after the addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to the culture medium. The par mRNA was not detected in leaves or freshly prepared protoplasts or in protoplasts in the absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Expression of the par gene was detected at a low level in actively dividing BY-2 tobacco suspension culture cells. The conspicuous accumulation of par mRNA before the initiation of DNA synthesis in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts suggests that the par gene product could play a role in the initiation of meristematic activity in differentiated mesophyll cells.
Static characteristics of 2.3-nm gate-oxide MOSFETs (1988)

The static characteristics of experimentally fabricated 2.3-nm gate-oxide MOSFETs were reasonably fitted from the subthreshold to postthreshold region by a Pao-Sah double-integral MOSFET model modified with field-dependent mobility. Gate leakage current was negligibly small compared to drain current at the threshold voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA Microarray-Based Identification of Genes Controlled by Autoinducer 2-Stimulated Quorum Sensing in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

Bacterial cell-to-cell communication facilitates coordinated expression of specific genes in a growth rate-II and cell density-dependent manner, a process known as quorum sensing. While the discovery of a diffusible Escherichia coli signaling pheromone, termed autoinducer 2 (AI-2), has been made along with several quorum sensing genes, the overall number and coordination of genes controlled by quorum sensing through the AI-2 signal has not been studied systematically. We investigated global changes in mRNA abundance elicited by the AI-2 signaling molecule through the use of a luxS mutant that was unable to synthesize AI-2. Remarkably, 242 genes, comprising ca. 5.6% of the E. coli genome, exhibited significant transcriptional changes (either induction or repression) in response to a 300-fold AI-2 signaling differential, with many of the identified genes displaying high induction levels (more than fivefold). Significant induction of ygeV, a putative sigma(54)-dependent transcriptional activator, and yhbH, a sigma(54) modulating protein, suggests sigma(54) may be involved in E. coli quorum sensing.
Preparation of ZnO Films with Preferential Orientation by Sol-Gel Method (1996)

ZnO films were prepared on silica glass substrates by the sol-gel method from Zn(CH3COO)2⋅2H2O-2-methoxyethanol solutions containing monoethanolamine (MEA) or diethanolamine (DEA). Smooth and transparent ZnO films were obtained by heating at temperatures from 200 to 500°C for 10min after each coating and finally at the same temperatures for 1h. The films prepared from coating solutions containing MEA were strongly oriented along the (002) plane. The effects of heating temperature and ethanolamines on the film morphology, grain size distribution and crystallographic orientation are discussed based on X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Pressure casting technique for transtibial prosthetic socket fit in developing countries (2014)

This study investigated a low-cost and low-skill dependent pressure casting technique (PCAST) to fabricate and fit transtibial (TT) prosthetic sockets in a developing country. Thirteen adult volunteers (average age 47 yr) with unilateral TT amputation participated. After fitting, five participants were lost to follow-up (four rejected the prosthesis and one died). The eight remaining participants used the prosthesis for an average of 167 +/- 1 d and indicated regular use throughout this period. Success was evaluated by measures of satisfaction (Satisfaction with Prosthesis Questionnaire [SATPRO]), physical function, and gait recorded after fitting and following the usage period. SATPRO results showed high levels of satisfaction on both occasions. After the usage period, the timed up-and-go and six-minute walk performances increased by 1.7 +/- 2.0 s and 60 +/- 29 m (p = 0.001), respectively, whereas gait speed, cadence, step and stride length, support base, and percent gait cycle times remained unchanged. The results show that a TT PCAST socket (with some minor modifications) was successfully fitted to eight of the participants (success rate of 62%). It is reasonable to conclude that this technique may assist people with TT amputation in a developing country where there is a lack of trained personnel. Importantly, this technique may reduce TT prosthetic costs and increase fitting opportunity in a developing country.
Production of 3-hydroxypropionate from biomass (2007)

Biorenewable technology is a developing field of science that researches alternative sources for petroleum products like fuels, plastics, paints, etc. The DoE biomass program has identified the 12 top chemicals that can be produced from biomass and further processed to replace many petroleum products; 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) is a top 12 chemical that can be used to produce plastics, paints, tires, and other consumer products. This thesis describes the attempts to produce 3HP from glucose in E. coli and from syngas in R. rubrum. Malonyl CoA reductase from C. aurantiacus and R. castenholzii was cloned and expressed in E. coli and R. rubrum respectively. This enzyme converts malonyl-CoA (a central metabolic intermediate) to 3-HP. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed recombinant E. coli and R. rubrum produced 3HP in low levels. The quantity of 3-HP produced is not economical for commercial production so further studies were conducted to increase 3HP production.
Decentralized Beam Pair Selection in Multi-Beam Millimeter-Wave Networks (2018)

Multi-beam concurrent transmission is one of promising solutions for a millimeter-wave (mmWave) network to provide seamless handover, robustness to blockage, and continuous connectivity. Nevertheless, one of the major obstacles in multi-beam concurrent transmissions is the optimization of beam pair selection, which is essential to improve the mmWave network performance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel heterogeneous multi-beam cloud radio access network (HMBCRAN) architecture which provides seamless mobility and coverage for mmWave networks. We also design a novel acquirement method for candidate beam pair links (BPLs) in HMBCRANs architecture, which reduces user power consumption, signaling overhead, and overall time consumption. Based on HMBCRANs architecture and the resulted candidate BPLs for each user equipment, a beam pair selection optimization problem aiming at maximizing network sum rate is formulated. To find the solution efficiently, the considered problem is reformulated as a non-operative game with local interaction, which only needs local information exchanging among players. A decentralized algorithm based on HMBCRANs architecture and binary log-linear learning is proposed to obtain the optimal pure strategy Nash equilibrium of the proposed game, in which a concurrent multi-player selection scheme and an information exchanging protocol among players are developed to reduce the complexity and signal overheads. The stability, optimality, and complexity of the proposed algorithm are analyzed via theoretical and simulation method. The results prove that the proposed scheme has better convergence speed and sum rate against the state-of-the-art schemes.
Application of higher order statistics/spectra in biomedical signals—A review (2010)

For many decades correlation and power spectrum have been primary tools for digital signal processing applications in the biomedical area. The information contained in the power spectrum is essentially that of the autocorrelation sequence; which is sufficient for complete statistical descriptions of Gaussian signals of known means. However, there are practical situations where one needs to look beyond autocorrelation of a signal to extract information regarding deviation from Gaussianity and the presence of phase relations. Higher order spectra, also known as polyspectra, are spectral representations of higher order statistics, i.e. moments and cumulants of third order and beyond. HOS (higher order statistics or higher order spectra) can detect deviations from linearity, stationarity or Gaussianity in the signal. Most of the biomedical signals are non-linear, non-stationary and non-Gaussian in nature and therefore it can be more advantageous to analyze them with HOS compared to the use of second-order correlations and power spectra. In this paper we have discussed the application of HOS for different bio-signals. HOS methods of analysis are explained using a typical heart rate variability (HRV) signal and applications to other signals are reviewed.
Fetoscopic Open Neural Tube Defect Repair (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02230072.
Sebacinales are common mycorrhizal associates of Ericaceae (2007)

Previous reports of sequences of Sebacinales (basal Hymenomycetes) from ericoid mycorrhizas raised the question as to whether Sebacinales are common mycorrhizal associates of Ericaceae, which are usually considered to associate with ascomycetes. Here, we sampled 239 mycorrhizas from 36 ericoid mycorrhizal species across the world (Vaccinioideae and Ericoideae) and 361 mycorrhizas from four species of basal Ericaceae lineages (Arbutoideae and Monotropoideae) that do not form ericoid mycorrhizas, but ectendomycorrhizas. Sebacinales were detected using sebacinoid-specific primers for nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA, and some samples were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diverging Sebacinales sequences were recovered from 76 ericoid mycorrhizas, all belonging to Sebacinales clade B. Indeed, some intracellular hyphal coils had ultrastructural TEM features expected for Sebacinales, and occurred in living cells. Sebacinales belonging to clade A were found on 13 investigated roots of the basal Ericaceae, and TEM revealed typical ectendomycorrhizal structures. Basal Ericaceae lineages thus form ectendomycorrhizas with clade A Sebacinales, a clade that also harbours ectomycorrhizal fungi. This further supports the proposition that Ericaceae ectendomycorrhizas involve ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa. When ericoid mycorrhizas evolved secondarily in Ericaceae, a shift of mycobionts occurred to ascomycetes and clade B Sebacinales, hitherto not described as ericoid mycorrhizal fungi.
Preferred experimental conditions for trace analysis by modern liquid chromatography (1974)

Modern (high-pressure) liquid chromatography (LC) is uniquely suited to the trace analysis of a wide variety of non-volatile or labile materials, both organic and inorganic in composition. In addition to the gentle conditions of separation in LC, accurate analyses can be made as a result of the high resolution afforded by the unique interactions in liquid systems with the four LC methods liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, ion exchange and exclusion. Sensitive LC detectors are now available which also permit highly selective measurements, some of them not obtainable by other chromatographic techniques. The sensitivity and accuracy of trace LC analyses are affected by the chromatographic sampling technique, calibration procedure, sample pretreatment and column resolution. For instance, experiments show that the sensitivity of methods based on both peak height and peak area measurements is influenced by the efficiency of the column, the velocity of the mobile phase, and the value of the capacity factor(k′) for the solute. Detection sensitivity can also be influenced by the type of pumping system used in the LC apparatus. Based on these considerations, preferred conditions for the analysis of trace components by LC can now be established.
A Study of the Test-retest Reliability of Ten Olfactory Tests (1995)

Ten tests of olfactory function (including tests of odor identification, detection, discrimination, memory, and suprathreshold odor intensity and pleasantness perception) were administered on two test occasions to 57 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 83 years. The stability of the average test scores was determined across the two test sessions for 14 measures derived from these 10 tests and for subcomponents of the Japanese T&T olfactometer threshold test. In addition, the test-retest reliability (Pearson r) of each test measure was established. With the exception of a response bias measure, the average test scores did not differ significantly across the two test sessions. Statistically, the reliability coefficients of the primary test measures fell into three general classes bound by the following r values: 0.43-0.53; 0.67-0.71; 0.76-0.90. Detection threshold values were more reliable than recognition threshold values; those based upon a single ascending presentation series were much less reliable than those based upon a staircase procedure. The relationship between test length and reliability was examined for several of the tests and mathematically modeled. For example, within the staircase series incorporating the odorant phenyl ethyl alcohol, reliability was related (R2 = 0.984) to the number of reversals included in the threshold estimate by a function derived from the Spearman-Brown formula; namely, reliability = 0.455* # reversals/[1 + 0.455 (# reversals - 1)]. Reversal location, per se, had little influence on reliability. Overall, this study suggests that (i) considerable variation is present in the reliability of olfactory tests, (ii) reliability is a function of test length, and (iii) caution is warranted in comparing results from nominally different olfactory tests in applied settings since the findings may, in some instances, simply reflect the differential reliability of the tests.
Molecular basis for Lewis alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency (FUT3) found in Lewis-negative Indonesian pedigrees. (1994)

The Le(a) and Le(b) human blood group antigens are synthesized in tissues producing exocrine secretions; they also circulate in plasma, where they are adsorbed by erythrocytes. They are synthesized by two fucosyltransferases, encoded by Lewis (FUT3) and secretor (FUT2) loci. This genetic model has been challenged because some erythrocyte Lewis-negative individuals express Lewis antigens in saliva. To define the molecular basis of this apparent discrepancy, we sequenced FUT3 in Lewis-negative individuals. We identified two single base pair changes. One, termed L1, yields a Leu-20-->Arg substitution in the enzyme's transmembrane domain. When expressed in COS-7 cells, enzyme substrate affinities are essentially identical to those of wild type. However, the mutant enzyme is found at substantially reduced levels in transfected cells. This suggests that the L1 mutation may alter the Golgi membrane anchoring of the enzyme. It was found alone in double dose in 10 of 30 erythrocyte Lewis-negative individuals, nine of whom express Lewis antigens in saliva. Therefore, L1 can account for erythrocyte/saliva-discrepant Lewis typing results. The L2 mutation creates an Ile-356-->Lys change in the enzyme's catalytic domain and inactivates the enzyme. It was found in double dose in 18 of 19 individuals bearing the double erythrocyte and salivary Lewis deficiency and can account for this phenotype.
ck2-Dependent Phosphorylation of Progesterone Receptors (PR) on Ser81 Regulates PR-B Isoform-Specific Target Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

Progesterone receptors (PR) are critical mediators of mammary gland development and contribute to breast cancer progression. Progestin-induced rapid activation of cytoplasmic protein kinases leads to selective regulation of growth-promoting genes by phospho-PR species. Herein, we show that phosphorylation of PR Ser81 is ck2 dependent and progestin regulated in intact cells but also occurs in the absence of PR ligands when cells enter the G(1)/S phase of the cell cycle. T47D breast cancer cells stably expressing a PR-B mutant receptor that cannot be phosphorylated at Ser79/81 (S79/81A) formed fewer soft agar colonies. Regulation of selected genes by PR-B, but not PR-A, also required Ser79/81 phosphorylation for basal and/or progestin-regulated (BIRC3, HSD11β2, and HbEGF) expression. Additionally, wild-type (wt) PR-B, but not S79/81A mutant PR, was robustly recruited to a progesterone response element (PRE)-containing transcriptional enhancer region of BIRC3; abundant ck2 also associated with this region in cells expressing wt but not S79/81A PR. We conclude that phospho-Ser81 PR provides a platform for ck2 recruitment and regulation of selected PR-B target genes. Understanding how ligand-independent PRs function in the context of high levels of kinase activities characteristic of breast cancer is critical to understanding the basis of tumor-specific changes in gene expression and will speed the development of highly selective treatments.
Potent Glucosidase Inhibitors: De-<i>O</i>-sulfonated Ponkoranol and Its Stereoisomer (2010)

Ponkoranol, a glucosidase inhibitor isolated from the plant Salacia reticulata, comprises a sulfonium ion with an internal sulfate counterion. An efficient synthetic route to de-O-sulfonated ponkoranol and its 5'-stereoisomer is reported, and it is shown that these compounds are potent glucosidase inhibitors that inhibit a key intestinal human glucosidase, the N-terminal catalytic domain of maltase glucoamylase, with K(i) values of 43 +/- 3 and 15 +/- 1 nM, respectively.
Copper and the autoxidation of hemoglobin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper and the autoxidation of hemoglobinJoseph M. RifkindCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 12, 2475–2481Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00709a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (843 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi‐step DNA cleavage in rat liver nuclei is inhibited by thiol reactive agents (1995)

DNA fragmentation in isolated rat liver nuclei is a Mg(2+)-dependent, multi-step process which is potentiated by Ca2+ and cleaves the DNA into > or = 700, 200-300 and 30-50 kilobase pair (kbp) fragments, prior to internucleosomal cleavage by Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease(s). We now show that Cd2+, Hg2+, dichloroisocoumarin (DCI, a serine protease inhibitor) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) block both Mg2+ and Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent processes. Inhibition of DNA cleavage produced an increase in the size of the DNA fragments, from mono-/oligonucleosomes to 30-50, 200-300, > or = 700 kbp and finally to intact DNA. NEM and DCI inhibition was blocked by dithiothreitol, and it is proposed that a critical thiol(s) is involved in the DNA cleavage reactions which are a feature of the apoptotic process.
MDL denoising (2000)

'The so-called denoising problem, relative to normal models for noise, is formalized such that "noise" is defined as the incompressible part in the data while the compressible part defines the meaningful information-bearing signal. Such a decomposition is effected by minimization of the ideal code length, called for by the minimum description length (MDL) principle, and obtained by an application of the normalized maximum-likelihood technique to the primary parameters, their range, and their number. For any orthonormal regression matrix, such as defined by wavelet transforms, the minimization can be done with a threshold for the squared coefficients resulting from the expansion of the data sequence in the basis vectors defined by the matrix.
Dancing to another tune (1988)

Anthony Byrne, chief executive of the independent hospitals association, on the implications for the independent sector of the conservative party conference health speech
Current status and possibilities of wafer-bonding-based SOI technology in 45nm or below CMOS LSIs (2008)

The current status of SOI technology using wafer bonding is reviewed and its technological positioning in CMOS scaling is discussed. While bulk CMOS technology is encountering various kinds of critical issues, SOI technology using wafer bonding provides unique solutions by virtue of its flexible material design. Mobility enhancement through strained-SOI (sSOI) or optimization of crystal orientation (HOT, DSB), dynamic threshold voltage control by back-biasing (UT-BOX SOI), capacitor-less DRAM, etc., are promising options that can bring a breakthrough and continue proper scaling. Also, circuit layer transfer technology applied to back-side illumination of CMOS imager is presented, as a technology giving linkage with future 3D-integration of LSI system.