gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Time Series Clinical Data Processing for Classification with Merging Algorithm and Statistical Measures (2014)

A description of patient conditions should consist of the changes in and combination of clinical measures. Traditional data-processing method and classification algorithms might cause clinical information to disappear and reduce prediction performance. To improve the accuracy of clinical-outcome prediction by using multiple measurements, a new multiple-time-series data-processing algorithm with period merging is proposed. Clinical data from 83 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were used in this research. Their clinical reports from a defined period were merged using the proposed merging algorithm, and statistical measures were also calculated. After data processing, multiple measurements support vector machine (MMSVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernels was used as a classification method to predict HCC recurrence. A multiple measurements random forest regression (MMRF) was also used as an additional evaluation/classification method. To evaluate the data-merging algorithm, the performance of prediction using processed multiple measurements was compared to prediction using single measurements. The results of recurrence prediction by MMSVM with RBF using multiple measurements and a period of 120 days (accuracy 0.771, balanced accuracy 0.603) were optimal, and their superiority to the results obtained using single measurements was statistically significant (accuracy 0.626, balanced accuracy 0.459, P < 0.01). In the cases of MMRF, the prediction results obtained after applying the proposed merging algorithm were also better than single-measurement results (P < 0.05). The results show that the performance of HCC-recurrence prediction was significantly improved when the proposed data-processing algorithm was used, and that multiple measurements could be of greater value than single.
Quadruple H-Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes (2018)

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-1-3) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-2 was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m<sup>2</sup>), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics.
Synthesis of Tetrapodlike Zinc Oxide Nanostructures by Inductive Heating (2009)

The inductive heating method is used to synthesize regular tetrapodlike zinc oxide nanostructures on a glass substrate. The morphology of tetrapodlike ZnO nanostructures is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the tetrapodlike ZnO structure fabricated by inductive heating is smaller than that fabricated by PVD. Therefore, more emission sites can be generated with the tetrapodlike ZnO structures obtained by inductive heating. The field-emission characteristics of ZnO nanostructures are also measured in this letter. The measurement results show that the tetrapodlike ZnO nanostructures obtained by the inductive heating method have low turn-on electric field and high emission current. Its field-emission performance is better than that of the tetrapod ZnO emitters obtained by PVD due to its good morphology and adhesion on substrate. Because ZnO nanostructures can grow directly on a glass substrate with the inductive heating method, it is very useful for the application in the field-emission display panel.
DEVELOPMENT OF A THREE BAND RADAR SYSTEM FOR DETECING TRAPPED ALIVE HUMANS UNDER BUILDING RUINS (2004)

This paper shows the ability to use a continuous wave (CW) radar as an instrument to search for trapped alive persons in demolished buildings and ruins. The utilized operation principle is the detection of the Doppler frequency shift of the E/M wave when it is reflected by a slightly moving part of a living human body. The presented system has gone through several prototype development phases. Many parameters and alternative implementations have been tested in both real and simulated sites. A system analysis is carried out and presented followed by a presentation of the signal processing techniques. The inherent difficulties for the realization and practical exploitation of such a system are discussed. Results from tests of the system are also presented.
A programmer performance measure based on programmer state transitions in testing and debugging process (1994)

To organize and manage software development teams, it as important to evaluate the capability of each programmer based on reliable and easily collected data. We present a system which automatically monitors programmer activities, and propose a programmer debugging performance measure based on data monitored by the system. The system automatically categorizes programmer activity in real time into three types (compilation, program execution, and program modification) by monitoring and analyzing key strokes of a programmer. The resulting outputs are the time sequences of monitored activities. The measure we propose is the average length of debugging time per fault, D, estimated from the data sequences monitored by the system. To estimate the debugging time per fault, we introduce a testing and debugging process model. The process model has parameters associated with the average length of a program modification, d, and the probability of a fault being fixed completely by a program modification, r. By taking account of r as well as d, the debugging time per fault can be estimated with high accuracy. The model parameters, such as d and r, are computed from the monitored data sequences by using a maximum likelihood estimation method. >
A digital controller for satellite medium power DC/DC converters (2013)

A digital controller for satellite medium power DC/DC converters is presented. The power converter composes of a digital compensator implemented in the FPGA, peripherals that interference the digital part with the analog ones and a power stage. The presented controller can be used in two topologies: buck and half-bridge. The mathematical models of the power stages, quantizers and the controller are given. Practical verification is done based on 1kW buck and 350W half-bridge converters. The theoretical results were in good agreement with the measured Bode plots.
Murine models for systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögrenʼs syndrome (1991)

Of the types of defects that have been observed in autoimmune mice, two are common to most strains and appear to be of critical importance in the development of autoimmune disease. The first of these is a deficiency in the maintenance of self-tolerance by B or T lymphocytes. This is an intrinsic defect due to genetic abnormalities that presumably affect an early developmental signaling mechanism. The disruption of early B- and T-cell development leads to the appearance of lymphocytes that are predisposed to loss of tolerance. In certain strains of autoimmune mice, it also leads to overproduction of Ly1+ (CD5+) B cells or CD4-CD8-B220+ T cells, which apparently do not contribute to autoimmunity. The second type of defect is a strain-specific, antigen-driven autoimmune disease syndrome. This defect is limited by the affinities of the available T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin variable regions and the efficiency of antigen presentation. Current evidence suggests that the major histocompatibility complex molecules play the most important role in determining which autoantigens lead to a pathogenic antigen-driven immune response. For example, the type and magnitude of the autoimmune response may be directed by the production of specific cytokines. The type of antigen and the context of its presentation can bias the production of cytokines that favor the production of the Th2 subset of CD4+ T helper cells. These cells secrete predominantly interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10, and may contribute to a chronic response and autoimmune disease.
Esa cosa llamada datos (2014)

En el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre el proceso de producción de datos, tanto de carácter cualitativo como cuantitativo. La cuestión de los datos conlleva a recordar algunas posturas acerca de qué es medir en Ciencias Sociales, y cómo hacemos para que nuestras mediciones sean correctas. Varias preguntas emergen en la vida cotidiana que implican una postura sobre los datos que aquí se cuestionan. Cuántas veces hemos escuchado, y quizá verbalizado, la expresión “los datos de la realidad”, aludiendo a una realidad portadora de datos. Transformar hechos sociales en datos es un proceso basado en decisiones teóricas y metodológicas; decisiones acerca de cuál es la estrategia más adecuada –¿cualitativa, cuantitativa o su combinación? –, decisiones acerca de cuáles serán las variables y cuáles no, entre otras. Y dichas decisiones están presentes tanto en los datos primarios como en las estadísticas oficiales, nacionales o internacionales.
The consistency of starch‐milk puddings. I.—Preparation of puddings and measurement of consistency (1958)

Abstract A standardized procedure for the preparation of starch‐milk puddings is evolved and a study is made of various types of apparatus for the determination of the viscosity and consistency of the products. The limitations and applications of the instruments are discussed.
Simple model for fundamental intermodulation analysisof RF amplifiers and links (1996)

In modern low cost RF amplifiers or fibre optic links, it is essential to know the limit of the third order intercept point definition to make accurate intermodulation predictions. The authors present a simple formula to calculate this limit from the data sheet parameters' third order intercept point and 1dB compression point.
Shape design of cerium oxide nanoparticles for enhancement of enzyme mimetic activity in therapeutic applications (2016)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), widely used in catalytic applications owing to their robust redox reaction, are now being considered in therapeutic applications based on their enzyme mimetic properties such as catalase and super oxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activities. In therapeutic applications, the emerging demand for CONPs with low cytotoxicity, high cost efficiency, and high enzyme mimetic capability necessitates the exploration of alternative synthesis and effective material design. This study presents a room temperature aqueous synthesis for low-cost production of shape-selective CONPs without potentially harmful organic substances, and additionally, investigates cell viability and catalase and SOD mimetic activities. This synthesis, at room temperature, produced CONPs with particular planes: {111}/{100} nanopolyhedra, {100} nano/submicron cubes, and {111}/{100} nanorods that grew in [110] longitudinal direction. Enzymatic activity assays indicated that nanopolyhedra with a high concentration of Ce4+ ions promoted catalase mimetic activity, while nanocubes and nanorods with high Ce3+ ion concentrations enhanced SOD mimetic activity. This is the first study indicating that shape and facet configuration design of CONPs, coupled with the retention of dominant, specific Ce valence states, potentiates enzyme mimetic activities. These findings may be utilized for CONP design aimed at enhancing enzyme mimetic activities in therapeutic applications.
Identification of <i>Phytophthora</i> species on the basis of restriction enzyme fragment analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal RNA* (2000)

There are approximately 60 described species in the genus Phytophthora. Despite the economic and ecological damage they cause worldwide, the genus is poorly understood. A major difficulty, with implications for scientific communication as well as phytosanitary regulations, is species identification. With a paucity of stable morphological characters, even specialists can have difficulty in identification beyond the genus level. Appropriate molecular methods offer an objective alternative. In this paper, the utility of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the subunit which encodes ribosomal RNA will be discussed. At the Scottish Crop Research Institute, an examination of the ITS restriction digest patterns of over 450 Phytophthora isolates representing almost all known taxa has allowed an evaluation of the method. Sophisticated band‐matching software has been used to compare new isolates rapidly with those in the database. Limitations of such methods are also discussed. In some cases (e.g. closely related taxa with identical ITS regions, or where discrimination at the intraspecific level is needed), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is necessary. The database of AFLP fingerprints developed in Plant Research International is discussed in this context.
Potential Explosion Hazards Associated with the Autocatalytic Thermal Decomposition of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Its Mixtures (2020)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent for chemical reactions, as a cosolvent for crop protection formulations, and in medicines for topical administration of drugs. The potential explosion hazards associated with thermal decomposition of DMSO have been well-documented, with early reports dating back to the late 1950s. However, these explosion hazards are still underappreciated and inadequately communicated, as indicated by the fact that numerous severe accidents have occurred on both laboratory and industrial scales over the years. Differential scanning calorimetry studies show that decomposition of pure DMSO is detected at ca. 278 °C, while accelerating rate calorimetry analysis indicates that thermal decomposition of DMSO occurs at temperatures around its boiling point of 189 °C. Studies also show that the presence of certain substances can significantly lower the onset temperature of DMSO decomposition and also potentially increase the severity of the decomposition reaction through autocatalytic behavior. Further analysis of literature information indicates that there is a wide range of substances that exacerbate the thermal decomposition of DMSO, including acids, bases, halides, metals, electrophiles, oxidants, and reductants. This comprehensive review of explosion hazards associated with the thermal decomposition of DMSO and its mixtures will serve as an educational resource to alert researchers about the need to mitigate these hazards and to incentivize research toward its replacement with safer and greener solvents in the broader chemistry community.
Polymorphic optical zoom with MEMS DMs (2011)

A prototype optical system for compact, high-speed zooming is described. The system is enabled by a pair of MEMS deformable mirrors (DMs), and is capable of high-speed optical zoom without translation of components. We describe experiments conducted with the zoom system integrated with an optical microscope, demonstrating 2.5× zoom capability. Zoom is achieved by simultaneously adjusting focal lengths of the two DMs, which are inserted between an infinity-corrected microscope objective and a tube lens. In addition to zoom, the test system is demonstrated to be capable of automated fine focus control and adaptive aberration compensation. Image quality is measured using contrast modulation, and performance of the system is quantified.
Cisplatin resistance and regulation of DNA repair in cAMP-dependent protein kinase mutants. (1996)

Drug resistance in cancer poses a major problem to the success of chemotherapy. Increased resistance to the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin may be associated with a variety of factors including decreased drug accumulation, increased intracellular levels of thiols, and increased DNA repair. We have found that mutants of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and the mouse adrenocortical carcinoma Y1 cells harboring a defective regulatory subunit (RI) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) exhibited increased resistance to cisplatin. These mutants are cross-resistant to other DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, including bleomycin and melphalan. In addition, wild-type CHO cells transfected with and overexpressing the yeast phosphodiesterase gene or a dominant mutant Rl alpha subunit gene also displayed similar increased resistance to cisplatin. However, mutants with altered catalytic (C) subunits showed a sensitivity to cisplatin similar to the wild-type cells. Further analysis by gel shift assay using cisplatin-damaged DNA as probes and nuclear extracts derived from the Rl subunit mutants showed increased binding of nuclear factor(s) to the damaged DNA. In addition, a host cell reactivation assay of DNA repair, using a cisplatin-damaged reporter plasmid, detected enhanced capacity for repair of DNA lesions in the PKA mutants. These results suggest that DNA repair may be increased in the PKA mutants. We speculate that functional inactivation of PKA may result in increased DNA repair and the acquisition of resistance to DNA-damaging anticancer drugs in cancer.
Peptide nucleic acids and their structural modifications. (1999)

Peptide (polyamide) analogues of nucleic acids (PNAs) make very promising groups of natural nucleic acid (NA) ligands and show many other interesting properties. Two types of these analogues may be highlighted as particularly interesting: the first, containing a polyamide with alternating peptide/pseudopeptide bonds as its backbone, consisting of N-(aminoalkyl)amino-acid units (type I), with nucleobases attached to the backbone nitrogen with the carboxyalkyl linker; and the second, containing a backbone consisting of amino-acid residues carrying the nucleobases in their side chains (type II). So far, these two groups have been studied most intensively. The paper describes main groups of peptide nucleic acids, as well as various other amino acid-derived nucleobase monomers or their oligomers, which were either studied in order to determine their hybridisation to nucleic acids, or only discussed with respect to their potential usefulness in the oligomerisation and nucleic acids binding.
Intranasal Lidocaine for Treatment of Migraine (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The suggested use of intranasal lidocaine 4% for the acute treatment of migraine is an interesting proposition that may offer hope as a useful analgesic option. However, the article by Dr Maizels and colleagues<sup>1</sup>did not clearly address the use and dosage of this medication. In high doses, lidocaine can cause significant morbidity, resulting in confusion, agitation, seizures, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Intranasal lidocaine can be absorbed systemically and could be potentially toxic if the patient uses the agent excessively. The risk for toxicity due to frequent use is underscored by the brief duration of action of lidocaine and the high recurrence rate of acute migraine. Also, the authors note the high relapse rate for headache early after treatment. Further studies are essential to determine safe and judicious prescription labeling of lidocaine for treatment of acute migraine.
Patent citation analysis of new chemical entities claimed as pharmaceuticals (1998)

Patent references are of particular interest for technology analysis because they offer a measure of patent importance and a method of identifying links between patents. Citation analysis was performed on the set of all US patents issued during the years 1993 through late 1997 that cover new chemical entities (NCEs) claimed as pharmaceuticals. Merck & Co. heads the list, with 577 patents, almost 5% of the total, Hoechst Marion Roussel is second with 499 patents, about 4% of the total, and Eli Lilly is third with 337 patents, about 3% of all patents. However, Allergan, ranked 30th by its number of patents, is the top cited company, with 975 citations, almost all coming from subsequent Allergan patents. Merck is second with 779 citations. High levels of self-citation seem to predominate in NCE pharmaceuticals, perhaps reflecting the incentives to develop proprietary niches of in-depth knowledge and capability in the industry. Thus, looking at a company’s most highly cited patents may provide insight into the fields that it believes are most important. All 25 of Allergan’s highly cited patents are for NCEs having ‘retinoid like activity’ that are clearly related to Allergan’s development of retinoid medications for skin disorders. Similarly, all seven of American Home Products’ highly cited patents deal with one topic: rapamycin, an immunosuppressant. In the NCE pharmaceutical area, patent citations, and particularly self-citations, provide additional information beyond simple patent counts about the importance of particular lines of investigation to particular companies.
Effect of Tax Exemption and Tax Refunding Provisions on the Negotiability of Corporate Bonds (1930)

The Connecticut court in a series of recent cases has cast considerable doubt on the negotiability of bonds containing provisions for payment without deduction for taxes and for refunding of personal property taxes paid by the holder on account of the instrument. In Mechanic's Bank v. Johnson it held a promissory note containing a promise to pay taxes assessed against the instrument non-negotiable on the ground that the amount was uncertain. In Mazurkiewicz v. Dowholonek it held unconstitutional an act, passed after the earlier decision, establishing the negotiability of such instruments already in circulation, on the ground that it impaired the obligations of a contract. If these holdings are applicable to bonds they are in serious conflict with business practice, as it has been the almost invariable custom for some years to include such provisions in corporate securities, instruments which are designed to be negotiable and are currently treated as negotiable." The decisions indicate not only that they are not negotiable, but also that those now in circulation can not be made negotiable by statute.
Mechanical Stability of Pixel-Isolated Liquid Crystal Mode with Plastic Substrates (2005)

We have fabricated a plastic liquid crystal display using the pixel-isolated liquid crystal (PILC) mode and characterized the mechanical stability of the sample against mechanical pressure and bending. Since the liquid crystal molecules are fully isolated in the pixels by the phase-separated polymer walls in the PILC mode, the electrooptic properties of the sample show good mechanical stability. In addition, a polymer layer formed on the upper substrate enhances the adhesion between two plastic substrates.