gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Work area recovery planning: the key to corporate survival (1995)

Describes the need for business continuity planning and explains the strategic importance of protecting critical business functions from disruption. Outlines the evolution of the disaster recovery industry, from simple provision of alternative mainframe computers to relocation of key personnel with restoration of sophisticated data/voice networks. Explains the essential phases of continuity plan creation and maintenance. Defines work area recovery planning and describes a model solution. Substantiates the work area thesis with an overview of the contingency arrangements of a key international division of a major bank. Includes findings of and conclusions from an independently conducted survey of over 100 UK organizations interviewed on their current business continuity arrangements.
A study on novel biological activities of pro-IGF-I E-peptides in human neuroblastoma cells (2001)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptides that play important roles in development, growth and differentiation in vertebrates. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are initially translated as pre-pro-peptides that require further processing, removing the signal peptide and the E-domain peptide, to result in the mature peptide hormones. Multiple forms of pro-IGF-I, displaying developmental regulation and tissue specificity, have been identified in various species from fish to mammals with differences only in the carboxyl-terminal E-domains. However, the biological significance of the diversity of E-domain and its differential expression has been unclear. ^ The primary goal of this thesis is to characterize the biological activities of pro IGF-I E-peptides using a human neuroblastom(SK-N-F1)a cell line (SK-N-F1) as a model system. In this study, we demonstrate that Ea-4-peptide of rainbow trout (rtEa-4) and hEb-peptide of human pro-IGF-I hEb-elicits unique biological activities in inducing morphological differentiation and inhibiting anchorage-independent growth in human neuroblastoma cells. Identical nature and range of biological activities displayed by E-peptides of rainbow trout and humans suggest existence of functional conservation of these E-peptides over a wide evolutionary scale. Not only have we demonstrated that E-peptides of pro-IGF-I are biologically active, but these peptides also exhibit distinct or contrast activities from those of the mature IGF-I. Thus, the notion that E-peptides, as part of pro-IGF peptides, are only involved in the biosynthesis of the mature IGFs and otherwise biologically inert has been seriously challenged. Furthermore, our binding studies demonstrated that hEb-peptide and rtEa-4-peptide bind to two distinct binding sites or two affinity states on SK-N-F1 cells. The second binding site (IC50 of 4.8 ± 2.6 × 10−6 M for hEb-peptide and 2.1 ± 0.6 × 10−6 M for rtEa-4-peptide, respectively) is in good agreement with the in vitro effective concentration of E-peptides. In addition, we demonstrated that hEb-peptide and rtEa-4-peptide share common binding sites, distinct from those of mature IGF-I and insulin. These results support the hypothesis that pro-IGF-I E-peptides interact with specific cell surface receptors that are conserved from fish to humans. This work sets a foundation for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of E-peptide actions. ^
Resolution enhancement through optical proximity correction and stepper parameter optimization for 0.12-μm mask pattern (1999)

As the design rule of semiconductor microchips gets smaller, the distortion of a patterned image due to the optical proximity effect (OPE) becomes the limiting factor in the mass production. We developed an optical proximity correction (OPC) program that can be applied to a strong or attenuated phase shift mask as well as to a binary mask. The OPC program named OPERA is based on a stochastic approach as other rule-free OPC programs, but it has tow remarkable points. Firstly, proper cost function and optimization strategy enable us to achieve very closely clustered mask pattern that could be manufactured at a reasonable cost. Secondly, OPERA can carry out the optimization of illumination parameters for any modified illumination methods, such as, annular or quadrupole using the critical dimensions information of mask patterns.
Inhibition by <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine of carcinogen-DNA adducts in the tracheal epithelium of rats exposed to cigarette smoke (1995)

The ability of the aminothiol N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to prevent the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts in tracheal epithelial cells was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed whole-body to mainstream cigarette smoke for either 40 or 100 consecutive days. 32P-Postlabelling analyses showed the occurrence of DNA adducts (12.49 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) after 40 days of exposure, with a trend to formation of characteristic diagonal radioactive zones. Total adduct levels were not further enhanced after 100 days of exposure to smoke, although significant changes occurred in the amounts of individual adducts. NAC, given by gavage in the 40 day study and in drinking water in the 100 day study, significantly inhibited the formation of smoke-related carcinogen-DNA adducts in the tracheal epithelium, to such an extent that adduct levels were not significantly higher than those detected in sham-exposed control rats. Together with a variety of other molecular, clastogenicity, metabolic, cytological and histopathological end-points investigated in rodents and with the preliminary evidence arising from a study in humans, these results document the considerable efficacy of oral NAC in inhibiting smoke-related carcinogen-DNA adducts.
In Vivo Proton MR Three-dimensional T1ρ Mapping of Human Articular Cartilage: Initial Experience (2003)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of computing three-dimensional relaxation maps of spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1rho) from in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human patellofemoral joint. T1rho was measured by applying a three-dimensional gradient-echo pulse sequence in six healthy subjects and one symptomatic subject by using a 1.5-T MR imager and a 15-cm-diameter transmit-receive quadrature birdcage radiofrequency coil. Average T1rho measured in healthy patellar cartilage was 49.7 msec +/- 3.2 (mean +/- SD). Two-dimensional T1rho-weighted images were obtained with a fast spin-echo pulse sequence for comparison. There was good correlation between two-dimensional and three-dimensional T1rho values for the six healthy subjects (R2 = 0.88, slope = 1.16).
Using bivariate signal analysis to characterize the epileptic focus: The benefit of surrogates (2011)

The disease epilepsy is related to hypersynchronous activity of networks of neurons. While acute epileptic seizures are the most extreme manifestation of this hypersynchronous activity, an elevated level of interdependence of neuronal dynamics is thought to persist also during the seizure-free interval. In multichannel recordings from brain areas involved in the epileptic process, this interdependence can be reflected in an increased linear cross correlation but also in signal properties of higher order. Bivariate time series analysis comprises a variety of approaches, each with different degrees of sensitivity and specificity for interdependencies reflected in lower- or higher-order properties of pairs of simultaneously recorded signals. Here we investigate which approach is best suited to detect putatively elevated interdependence levels in signals recorded from brain areas involved in the epileptic process. For this purpose, we use the linear cross correlation that is sensitive to lower-order signatures of interdependence, a nonlinear interdependence measure that integrates both lower- and higher-order properties, and a surrogate-corrected nonlinear interdependence measure that aims to specifically characterize higher-order properties. We analyze intracranial electroencephalographic recordings of the seizure-free interval from 29 patients with an epileptic focus located in the medial temporal lobe. Our results show that all three approaches detect higher levels of interdependence for signals recorded from the brain hemisphere containing the epileptic focus as compared to signals recorded from the opposite hemisphere. For the linear cross correlation, however, these differences are not significant. For the nonlinear interdependence measure, results are significant but only of moderate accuracy with regard to the discriminative power for the focal and nonfocal hemispheres. The highest significance and accuracy is obtained for the surrogate-corrected nonlinear interdependence measure.
The sugar, biomass and biofuel potential of temperate by tropical maize hybrids (2012)

Abstract The demand for biofuels has created a market for feedstocks to meet future energy requirements. Temperate × tropical maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids, which combine high biomass and fermentable stalk sugars, have yet to be considered as a biomass feedstock. Our objective was to evaluate biological potential, genetic variability and impact of nitrogen ( N ) on biomass, stalk sugar, and biofuel potential of temperate × tropical maize ( TTM ) hybrids. Twelve TTM hybrids, two grain and silage hybrids were grown in 2008, followed in 2009 by seven earshoot‐bagged TTM hybrids. In both years, they were grown with and without supplemental N (202 kg ha −1 ) in Champaign, IL . Plants were sampled for total and partitioned biomass, and analyzed for concentration and content of sugar. The TTM hybrids were 40% taller, exhibited later reproductive maturity, greater flowering asynchrony, and remained green longer. All hybrids responded to supplemental N by producing more biomass and grain, a lower percent of biomass partitioned to stalk and leaf, whereas TTM also had a decreased concentration of sugar. Total average biomass yields were 24 Mg ha −1 for both the TTM and grain hybrids. However, TTM partitioned 50% more biomass to the stalk and produced 50% more sugar, and had less than half the grain of the commercial hybrids, indicating grain production and sugar accumulation are inversely related. When grain formation was prevented by earshoot bagging, TTM hybrids produced, without supplemental N fertilizer, an average of 4024 kg ha −1 of sugar, which was three‐ to four‐fold greater than the non earshoot‐bagged TTM and ear removed hybrid. Calculated estimates for ethanol production, considering the potential from sugar, stover and grain, indicate TTM can yield nearly the amount of ethanol per hectare as modern grain hybrids, but with a decreased requirement for supplemental fertilizer N .
Coordinate Frames in Robotic Teleoperation (2006)

An important mode of human-robot interaction is teleoperation, in which a human operator directly controls a robot via hardware such as a joystick or mouse. Such control is not always easy, however, as the viewpoint of the human, the alignment of the input device, and the local coordinate frame of the robot are rarely all aligned. These discrepancies force the user to reconcile the involved coordinate frames during teleoperation. Therefore, the choice of coordinate frames is critical since an unintuitive coordinate frame mapping will likely lead to higher mental workload and reduced efficiency. We discuss this concern, describe the various difficulties involved with natural remote teleoperation of a robot, and report experiments that demonstrate the effects of using different frames of reference on task performance and user mental workload
A Sumatriptan Iontophoretic Transdermal System for the Acute Treatment of Migraine (2012)

Objective.— Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, occur almost universally at one time or another in patients during a migraine attack. One third of patients who experience migraine‐related nausea report that this symptom interferes with their ability to take oral medications. The sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system (NuPathe Inc., Conshohocken, PA, USA) uses proprietary technology to circumvent the gastrointestinal tract while delivering triptan therapy. This phase III randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of this system for the acute treatment of migraine. Methods.— Patients were randomized to treat a single moderate‐to‐severe migraine attack with the sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system or placebo. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who were headache pain‐free 2 hours after patch activation. Other end points included the proportions of patients who reported headache pain relief, and freedom from nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia; rescue medication use; and tolerability. Results.— Four hundred sixty‐nine patients were treated. Significantly more patients treated with the sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system compared with placebo experienced freedom from headache pain, nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia 2 hours after patch activation, experienced rapid and sustained headache pain relief, and used less rescue medication. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported by 50% and 44% of patients treated with the sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system and placebo, respectively. Most events were transient mild‐to‐moderate application‐site reactions. Conclusions.— The sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system is effective and well tolerated, and may be particularly useful in patients with migraine‐related gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea.
Involvement of Laser Photo‐CIDNP(Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization)‐Reactive Amino Acid Side Chains in Ligand Binding by Galactoside‐Specific Lectins in Solution (1997)

For proteins in solution the validity of certain crystallographic parameters can be ascertained by a combination of molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations and NMR spectroscopy. Using the laser photo-CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) technique as a measure for surface accessibility of histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan, the spectra of bovine galectin-1 and Erythrina corallodendron lectin (EcorL) are readily reconcilable with the crystallographic data for these two proteins. The results emphasise the role of Trp68/Trp69 for carbohydrate binding in bovine galectin-1/chicken galectins and of Trp194 in murine galectin-3. This feature derived from the crystal structure of bovine galectin-1 is maintained in solution for the prototype human homologue, two avian galectins and the chimera-type murine galectin-3, as the spectra corroborate the CIDNP-inferable spatial parameters of the four calculated models for binding-site architecture. In EcorL, Tyr106/Tyr108 are constituents of the extended combining pocket, which can be shielded in solution by ligand presence. Discrepancies between results from modelling and CIDNP measurements concern primarily the lack of reactivity of histidine residues for human and avian prototype galectins and of Tyr82/Tyr229 of the plant lectin. Site-directed mutagenesis of EcorL is assumed to provide information on the role of a certain residue for functional aspects. When single-site mutants of EcorL ([Ala106]EcorL, [Ala108]EcorL, [Ala229]EcorL) were subjected to molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, the apparent surface accessibilities even of spatially separated amino acid side chains could non-uniformly be affected. This conclusion is supported by the assessment of the spectra for the mutant proteins. On the basis of these CIDNP-results modelling of the binding-site architecture of the lectin indicates the occurrence of notable alterations in the orientation of Tyr106/Tyr108 phenyl rings. The implied potential effect of single-site mutations on conformational features of a protein will deserve attention for the interpretation of studies comparing wild-type and mutant proteins.
Wearables in the wet lab (2015)

Wet Laboratories are highly dynamic, shared environments full of tubes, racks, compounds, and dedicated machinery. The recording of experiments, despite the fact that several ubiquitous computing systems have been suggested in the past decades, still relies predominantly on hand-written notes. Similarly, the information retrieval capabilities inside a laboratory are limited to traditional computing interfaces, which due to safety regulations are sometimes not usable at all. In this paper, Google Glass is combined with a wrist-worn gesture sensor to support Wetlab experimenters. Taking "in-situ" documentation while an experiment is performed, as well as contextualizing the protocol at hand can be implemented on top of the proposed system. After an analysis of current practices and needs through a series of explorative deployments in wet labs, we motivate the need for a wearable hands-free system, and introduce our specific design to guide experimenters. Finally, using a study with 22 participants evaluating the system on a benchmark DNA extraction experiment, we explore the use of gesture recognition for enabling the system to track where the user might be in the experiment.
Wolbachia pipientis: Bacterial Density and Unidirectional Cytoplasmic Incompatibility between Infected Populations of Aedes albopictus (1995)

Unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility is seen when certain Wolbachia-infected insect populations are crossed. Two hypotheses might explain this phenomenon: superinfections with mutually incompatible strains of Wolbachia producing incompatibility when crossed to individuals infected with only a single bacterial strain or, alternatively, a bacterial dosage model, with differences in Wolbachia densities responsible for the incompatibility. A quantitative PCR assay was set up as a general method to compare Wolbachia densities between populations. Using this assay in unidirectionally incompatible stocks of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, we have determined that densities are significantly higher in Houston than in the Mauritius and Koh Samui stocks. This is consistent with a dosage model for the observed crossing patterns, but does not rule out the possibility that superinfection is the primary cause of the incompatibility.
Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson’s disease (2015)

Electromagnetic therapy is a non-invasive and safe approach for the management of several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology caused by abnormal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta in the midbrain resulting in damage to the basal ganglia. Electromagnetic therapy has been extensively used in the clinical setting in the form of transcranial magnetic stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy which can also be used in the domestic setting. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy to alleviate motor and non-motor deficits that characterize Parkinson's disease.
CYCLOSPORINE INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF THE CYCLIN INHIBITOR p21 (1999)

These data support the hypothesis that at least one component of CsA's antiproliferative effects may occur through the induction of p21 and that this induction is dependent on TGF-beta. Should p21 induction be a viable immunosuppressive strategy, inducing this molecule independent from the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta might reduce the toxicity associated with current immunosuppression.
The Resolution of Signals in White, Gaussian Noise (1955)

The resolution of two signals of known shapes F1(t) and F2(t) in white Gaussian noise is treated as a problem in statistical decision theory. The observer must decide which of the signals is present with a minimum probability of error. The optimum system for this decision is specified in terms of filters matched to the two signals, the outputs of which are compared. The error probability is exhibited as a function of the cross-correlation of the two signals and of the signal-to-noise ratio. If the phases of the two signals are unknown, as in radar, and if the signals are of equal strength and equal a priori probability, the optimum system consists of filters matched to each of the signals, each followed by a detector. The observer then bases his decision upon which of the detectors has the larger output. The probability of error is computed for this case also.
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates Collected in 2005 and 2006 from Patients with Invasive Disease: a Population-Based Analysis (2009)

This study characterizes 1,984 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected in 2005 and 2006 from normally sterile sites in patients with invasive MRSA infection. These isolates represent a convenience sample of all invasive MRSA cases reported as part of the Active Bacterial Core surveillance system in eight states in the United States. The majority of isolates were from blood (83.8%), joints (4.1%), and bone (4.2%). Isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); SCCmec typing; susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents; and PCR analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to SEH, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Thirteen established PFGE types were recognized among these isolates, although USA100 and USA300 predominated, accounting for 53.2% and 31.4% of the isolates, respectively. As expected, isolates from hospital onset cases were predominantly USA100, whereas those from community-associated cases were predominantly USA300. USA100 isolates were diverse (Simpson's discriminatory index [DI] = 0.924); generally positive only for enterotoxin D (74.5%); and resistant to clindamycin (98.6%), erythromycin (99.0%), and levofloxacin (99.6%), in addition to beta-lactam agents. USA300 isolates were less diverse (DI = 0.566), positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (96.3%), and resistant to erythromycin (94.1%) and, less commonly, levofloxacin (54.6%), in addition to beta-lactam agents. This collection provides a reference collection of MRSA isolates associated with invasive disease, collected in 2005 and 2006 in the United States, for future comparison and ongoing studies.