gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time soft shadow for displacement mapped surfaces (2009)

For effectively rendering surface details, many texture-based methods such as normal mapping and displacement mapping were used to model detailed structures on a surface. Although self-shadow can be achieved by those techniques, most of them support hard shadow or ad-hoc approximation of soft-shadow for the self-shadow effects. In this paper, we present a simple method to render soft shadow casted by area lights on displacement mapped surfaces in real-time rendering applications such as 3D game engines. Our method first computes a visibility cone map, which stores the average visible ratio of each texel toward a certain direction. Then, during the rendering, the intensity of each pixel on the texture mapped surfaces can be calculated from the overlap between the projected lighting area and the projected visible cone.
Texture analysis of CT images (1995)

The present study has shown some promise in the use of texture for the extraction of diagnostic information from CT images. A number of features are obtained from abdominal CT scans of the liver using the spatial domain statistical texture analysis methods: SGLDM, GLRLM, and GLDM. This study investigated whether (a) the texture could be used to discriminate among the various tissue types that are inaccessible to human perception and, (b) if so, then what are the most useful feature parameters for such an application? The efficacies of the different methods were evaluated from the consistency of the computed values within a class and from their differences with other classes. The study has demonstrated the use of texture for tissue characterization of CT images. In particular, we have been successful in identifying the onset of disease in liver tissue, which can not be recognized even by trained human observers. Three useful features, namely entropy (H), local homogeneity (L) and grey level distribution (GLD), have been found effective for pattern recognition. The performance of these features has been compared on the basis of statistical significance. The results show that, except for L, (Direction 0/spl deg/) all feature parameters perform equally well and detect early malignancy with a confidence level of above 99%-a finding that will not only help in automation, but more importantly, in early detection of malignancy in the liver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of polyalcohols via Ziegler-Natta polymerization (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polyalcohols via Ziegler-Natta polymerizationT. C. ChungCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 4, 865–869Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00182a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00182a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secure Web Services for Low-Cost Devices (2005)

This paper describes how to use XML Web services and public key cryptography on small devices in consumer settings to achieve a high level of interoperation and security. This is done while maintaining the strict performance requirements that are expected from low-cost devices operating with limited energy and other resources.
The Formation of ACC and Competition Between Polyamines and Ethylene for SAM (2012)

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) acts both as a precursor for the production of ethylene and as a substrate in the biosynthesis of polyamines. The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a key regulatory step in the biosynthesis of ethylene and is catalyzed by the enzyme ACC synthase (ACS), which is encoded by a multi-gene family in plants. The various ACS isoforms have diverse properties, both in terms of biochemical characteristics and regulated turnover in vivo.Here, the characteristics of the ACS gene families and the encoded proteins in various plant species, as well as the synthesis and role of polyamines and the flow of SAM into these two pathways, are discussed.
A Secure Data Classification Model in Cloud Computing Using Machine Learning Approach (2016)

Cloud computing offers numerous benefits including scalability, availability and many services. But with its wide acceptance all over the globe, new risks and vulnerabilities have appeared too. Cloud computing provides facility of storing and accessing information and programs over the web without bothering the storage space on system. Storing the data on cloud eliminates one's worries about space considerations, buying new storage equipment or managing their data, rather they are able to access their data any time from any place provided they have internet access. But the rising security problems have resisted the organizations from connecting with cloud computing completely. Hence security risks have appeared as the main disadvantage of cloud computing. This paper involves the efforts to analyze the security issues and then proposes a framework to address these security issues at the authentication and storage level in cloud computing. While addressing the security issues the first and the foremost thing is to classify what data needs security and what data needn't bother with security and hence data gets classified into two classes sensitive and non-sensitive. To achieve data classification, a data classification approach based on the confidentiality of data is proposed in this paper. Following that an efficient security mechanism has to be deployed by means of encryption, authentication, and authorization or by some other method to ensure the privacy of consumer's data on cloud storage.
A SOIL MODEL FOR A HYDRAULIC SIMULATOR EXCAVATOR BASED ON REAL-TIME MULTIBODY DYNAMICS (2010)

The actuation of hydraulic excavators is a complex and non-intuitive task which requires long and costly training periods, since the qualification of the operator has a significant impact in productivity and safety. Simulation-based training combined with virtual reality, is becoming a competitive alternative to traditional training to reduce costs and risks in the instruction of excavator operators. Several excavator training simulators have been developed, but none of them features a dynamic model of the machine complete enough to simulate all the maneuvers performed in the daily work of real excavators. The authors have applied real-time simulation techniques from multibody system dynamics to develop a full 3D physics-based excavator simulator made up of 14 rigid bodies with 17 degrees of freedom. The simulation engine includes a custom collision detection algorithm and detailed tire force and contact force models. Terrain excavation and bucket loading and unloading are also simulated. The resulting model delivers realistic real-time behavior and can simulate common events in real excavators: slipping on slope terrains, stabilizing the machine with the blade or the outriggers, using the arm for support or impulsion to avoid obstacles, etc. This paper explains several issues related to the development of a simulator of a hydraulic excavator. Excavation and earth loading are the most common tasks for excavators, and therefore they shall be included in the capabilities of a training simulator. The detailed simulation of bucket filling requires models to predict the material flow, a simplified bucket filling model has been developed for real-time purposes. During the excavation process, the bucket penetrates the removable terrain mesh originating viscous contact forces. A ray-casting method is used to compute the intersection area between the bucket admission and the mesh representing the terrain surface; this area is integrated using the velocity component of the bucket normal to the area, in order to compute the volume and weight of earth loaded by the bucket in each time step. In addition, the algorithm diminishes the z-coordinates of the points from the removable terrain mesh that have entered inside the bucket. The algorithm provides a reasonable estimation of the loaded weight and a realistic visualization of the process. The unloading process is simulated in a similar way: when the front of the bucket surpasses a predefined critical angle, a flow of material is cast from it; the location where this flow contacts the terrain mesh or other object (e.g. a truck) is calculated. If this location does not belong to the terrain mesh, a generic flat mesh is created at that position. The flow of material is used to modify the height field of the mesh, increasing its z-coordinates using a Gaussian distribution to distribute the material randomly around the intersection point.
Potential applications of the boron cluster compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential applications of the boron cluster compoundsJaromir PlesekCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 2, 269–278Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00010a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00010a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2813Altmetric-Citations549LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intratumoral oxygen pressure in malignant brain tumor (1991)

✓ Oxygen pressure (pO 2 ) in brain tumors, pO 2 in brain cortex surrounding the tumors, and PaO 2 were measured simultaneously during total resection in 16 patients with previously untreated brain tumors in order to detect hypoxic regions within the tumors. When the inhaled O 2 :N 2 O ratio was 1:3 under enflurane anesthesia, mean PaO 2 was 109.2 ± 5.8 mm Hg, a rather high value when compared with that obtained when air is inhaled under atmospheric pressure. The simultaneously measured intratumoral pO 2 and pO 2 in brain cortex surrounding the tumor were 15.3 ± 2.3 and 59.8 ± 6.5 mm Hg, respectively. Each intratumoral pO 2 value was significantly lower than that of pO 2 in brain cortex surrounding the tumor (mean < 30 mm Hg, Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.005) and influenced the oxygen effects on radiation. These results appear to confirm that there are hypoxic regions within human brain tumors. A comparison between intratumoral pO 2 and either the angiographic or contrast-enhanced computerized tomography scans of the tumor vasculature disclosed no correlation.
Effects of ECM Proteins and Cationic Polymers on the Adhesion and Proliferation of Rat Islet Cells (2008)

The effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cationic polymers on the adhesion and proliferation of rat islet cells, RIN-5F cells, were investigated.ECM proteins of laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, type I collagen, type II collagen, and type IV collagen, and cationic polyelectrolytes of poly(L-lysine) and poly(allylamine) were coated on the wells of polystyrene cell culture plates.Their effects on the adhesion and proliferation of RIN-5F in serum-free and serum mediums were compared.The cell number on the laminin-coated surface was the highest among the coated surfaces.Laminin promoted cell adhesion more strongly than did the other ECM proteins and cationic polyelectrolytes.Vitronectin, type IV collagen, and poly(L-lysine) showed moderate effects, but type I collagen and type II collagen did not have any effects on adhesion and proliferation compared with the uncoated polystyrene cell culture plate.Fibronectin promoted cell adhesion but not cell proliferation.Cationic poly(allylamine) had an inhibitory effect in serum-free medium and for longterm culture in serum medium.The ECM proteins of laminin, vitronectin, and type IV collagen, and cationic poly(Llysine) will be useful for the surface modification and construction of biomaterials and scaffolds for islet cell culture and tissue engineering.
IEEE 802.17 resilient packet ring tutorial (2004)

IEEE Working Group 802.17 is standardizing a new ring topology network architecture, called the resilient packet ring, to be used mainly in metropolitan and wide area networks. This article presents a technology background, gives an overview, and explains some of the design choices behind RPR. Some major architectural features are illustrated and compared by showing performance evaluation results using the RPR simulator developed at Simula Research Laboratory using the OPNET modeler simulation environment.
Fatty acid flux suppresses fatty acid synthesis in hamster intestine independently of SREBP-1 expression (2003)

Hamsters were fed a control diet or diets containing palm, olive, safflower, or fish oil for 2 weeks. In villus cell populations from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, rates of intestinal fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis were estimated, as were sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1a, SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, HMG-CoA synthase, fatty acid synthase, ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA levels, and SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 mass. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglcerol levels were increased in animals ingesting palm oil and decreased in animals ingesting fish oil. Fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid synthase activity were decreased in the proximal intestine of animals ingesting all the fat-containing diets. Intestinal cholesterol synthesis was unaltered. In animals fed fat, SREBP-1c gene expression was modestly increased in the duodenum of hamsters fed palm oil or olive oil, and decreased in animals ingesting safflower oil or fish oil. Fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP citrate lyase, SREBP-2, and HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels were not altered, nor were SREBP-1 or SREBP-2 mass. In the intestine, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress SREBP-1c mRNA without altering expression of its target genes, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, or ATP citrate lyase. Fatty acid influx decreases intestinal fatty acid synthesis by a posttranscriptional mechanism independent of the SREBP pathway.
Insulin stimulates haptotactic migration of human epidermal keratinocytes through activation of NF-κB transcription factor (1997)

ABSTRACT Insulin-mediated cell motility as well as the role of transcription factors in insulin-activated intracellular signal events have not been extensively studied. In this report we have examined whether insulin could mediate haptotactic migration of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes through activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Insulin caused a dose-dependent stimulation of keratinocyte migration that maximally reached 2-fold at 2×10−7 M hormone. This phenomenon was independent of the nature of the extracellular matrix component (collagen I or laminin5/nicein) on which the cells migrated, indicating that a specific integrin-ligand complex is not required. A 10−7 M insulin treatment of keratinocytes resulted in activation of a major κB DNA binding complex within 15 to 30 minutes, which was identified as the p65/p50 NF-κB heterodimer by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The activation induced nuclear translocation of cytosolic pools of NF-κB factor. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and N-acetylleucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal H (two compounds that differentially inhibit IκBα degradation and, thus, NF-κB activation) reversed the insulin-stimulated keratinocyte haptotactic migration without affecting insulin receptor activation. These compounds inhibited the insulin-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB as detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Taken together our experiments demonstrate that insulin stimulates haptotactic migration of human epidermal keratinocytes through activation of NF-κB transcription factor. They emphasize the ability of insulin to stimulate keratinocyte movement and provide a first clue to the mechanism of insulin-induced haptotactic signaling.
ArF Single Layer Resist Composed of Alicyclic Main Chain Containing Maleic Anhydride. (1997)

ArF excimer laser(λ=193nm) lithography is emerging following KrF DUV lithography(λ=248nm ). 193nm lithography has proven its potential for feature sizes down to 0.15μmlines/spaces patterns using high NA(O.6) because of resolution improvement. However, in practical use of ArF technology, there are problems involved in the properties of photoresist. To solve these problems, we synthesized ArF polymer resin, poly(2- (2-hydroxyethyl) carboxylate-5-norbornene / 2-t-butylcarboxylate-5-norbornene/2-carboxylic acid-5-norbomene/Maleic anhydride), all of the main chains are composed of alicyclic unit. 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl) carboxylate-5-norbornene was found as a very suitable adhesion promoter. Using this resist, 0.15μm L/S pattern was obtained at 14mJ/cm2 doses, using an ArF stepper on the developer, 2.38wt% tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution.
Data Encoding Techniques for Reducing Energy Consumption in Network-on-Chip (2013)

As technology shrinks, the power dissipated by the links of a network-on-chip (NoC) starts to compete with the power dissipated by the other elements of the communication subsystem, namely, the routers and the network interfaces (NIs). In this paper, we present a set of data encoding schemes aimed at reducing the power dissipated by the links of an NoC. The proposed schemes are general and transparent with respect to the underlying NoC fabric (i.e., their application does not require any modification of the routers and link architecture). Experiments carried out on both synthetic and real traffic scenarios show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, which allow to save up to 51% of power dissipation and 14% of energy consumption without any significant performance degradation and with less than 15% area overhead in the NI.
The Study of<i>APOA1</i>,<i>APOC3</i>and<i>APOA4</i>Variability in Healthy Ageing People Reveals Another Paradox   in the Oldest Old Subjects (2003)

The genes coding for apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) are tandemly organised within a short region on chromosome 11q23-q24. Polymorphisms of these genes have been extensively investigated in lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular diseases, but poorly investigated in healthy ageing. The aim of this study was to describe possible modifications of the APOA1, APOC3, and APOA4 gene pool by cross-sectional studies carried out in a healthy ageing population whose ages ranged from 18 to 109 years (800 subjects, 327 males and 473 females, free of clinically manifested disease, and with emato-chemical parameters in the norm). APOA1-MspI-RFLP (-75 nt from the transcription starting site), APOC3-SstI-RFLP (3'UTR, 3238 nt), and APOA4-HincII-RFLP (Asp127/Ser127) were analysed according to age and sex. A significant age-related variation of the APOA1 gene pool was observed in males. An analysis of the allele average effect exerted by APOA1-MspI-RFLP A/P alleles (Absence/Presence of the restriction site) on lipidemic parameters in 46-80 year old males showed that allele A decreased, while allele P significantly increased, serum LDL-cholesterol. Unexpectedly, the P allele was over-represented in the group of the oldest old subjects, thus giving evidence of another "genetic paradox of centenarians".
Toxicity of Lactobacillus casei (1965)

With the possible exception of Lactobacillus acidophilus, most of the oral lactobacilli are generally considered harmless saprophytes.1 In view of the virulence-enhancing effect of some bacterial capsules, the finding of a heavily encapsulated strain of Lactobacillus casei2 suggested the possibility of another pathogenic lactobacillus. Preliminary serologic studies showed that when whole encapsulated cells of this organism were injected into the marginal ear veins of rabbits, large, indurated, and erythematous lesions developed at the site of injection and became progressively worse. This report describes the toxic property of the organism and its role in the production of both local and systemic lesions using whole cells and several subcellular fractions.
The Epidemiology of Hematogenous Candidiasis Caused by Different Candida Species (1997)

The medical records of patients with hematogenous candidiasis at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) between 1988 and 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 491 episodes of infection (6 per 1,000 admissions), 79% of which occurred outside the intensive care unit setting. A significant decrease in incidence was observed among patients with leukemia over the study period, together with a relative decrease in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis infections and an increase in Candida krusei and possibly Candida glabrata infections. In the multivariate analysis, fluconazole prophylaxis provided strong protection against the development of C. tropicalis infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08) and C. albicans infection (OR = 0.15), in comparison with protection against infections due to other species, but it was the single most important determinant for the relative increase in C. krusei (OR = 27.07) and C. glabrata (OR = 5.08) infections. In conclusion, there has been a substantial shift in the epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida species in recent years. Fluconazole appears to be playing a major role in this observed shift.
Recognition and Transport of Adenine Derivatives with Synthetic Receptors (1988)

Several new synthetic agents show high affinity for binding adenine derivatives. The structures feature complementary hydrogen bonds that cause the molecular chelation of the purine nucleus. The high lipophilicity of the new agents permits the transport of adenosine and deoxyadenosine across organic liquid membranes. The use of synthetic receptors for small biological targets may have application in drug delivery.
The Chemical Polishing and Etch Pitting of Sapphire (1971)

Three dislocation etchants, , , and , and two chemical polishes, and have been investigated as to their effective temperature and orientation ranges on sapphire. In addition the etchants are compared for effectiveness of dislocation pitting. It is found that the best pitting is obtained with on the plane, and on the (0001) plane.