gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Inter-Satellite Communication: the Alphasat and Sentinel-1A in-orbit experience (2016)

Since late 2013, the Inmarsat operated Alphasat GEO communication satellite has been providing a reliable platform for the experimental activities of its 4 hosted Technical Demonstration Payloads (TDPs), procured and operated by ESA. TDP1 was developed by TESAT Spacecom for DLR, with the objective to demonstrate and characterise a LEO to GEO optical communications link. TDP1 is able to receive observation data from a lower orbit (LEO) spacecraft thanks to its Laser Communication Terminal, and route the data to ground via a Ka-band RF link performed by its own Ka-band System. In the absence of a counter-terminal aloft, the activities concentrated initially on characterising and optimising the terminal performances using the ESA Optical Ground Station in Tenerife. With the launch in April 2014 of Sentinel-1A in its sun-synchronous orbit, an in-flight companion for the ASA terminal was made available. Operated by ESA on behalf of the European Commission as part of the Copernicus program, S1A performs its earth observation mission thanks to a Synthetic Aperture Radar, and carries on board an Optical Communication Payload, based on another TESAT Laser Communication Terminal. As a proof of concept for the upcoming European Data Relay Satellites system (EDRS), an Optical Inter-Satellite Link demonstration campaign started in September 2014. Using an incremental approach that led to the first data transmission from Sentinel 1A in November 2014, the campaign was completed in December 2014, with results well beyond expectation in terms of link performances. A subsequent “Experimentation Phase” aiming at the characterisation of the paired terminal performances over its operational envelope has been going on since the beginning of 2015. In the meanwhile, the launch of Sentinel 2A provided the second LEO counter-terminal for TDP1. Beyond the technological complexity of the laser communication terminal and the outstanding results obtained, the exercise presented some remarkable operational challenges. Planning, scheduling and executing a link implies coordination of the activities of the two missions engineering and operations systems and teams, with the necessary involvement of the laser terminal provider team expertise. In addition to providing the ultimate demonstration of the technology underlying the EDRS, the Alphasat and Sentinel 1A experiences have thus provided an important opportunity to test the system operations in a realistic scenario, and gain valuable experience to be put to fruition for the EDRS GS and operations segment.
Fluorescence Imaging Enabled Biodegradable Photostable Polymeric Micelles (2013)

Amphiphilic biodegradable photoluminescent polymers (ABPLPs) composed of a biodegradable fluorescent polymer and methoxy poly (ethyleneglycol) demonstrate intrinsic bright, tunable, and stable fluorescence emission. ABPLP micelles elicit minor cellular toxicity and can be used for cell and tissue imaging both in vitro and in vivo.
Optimal load shedding methodologies in power systems (2003)

The current status of research on load shedding techniques is reviewed and the importance of relay setting is discussed. Alternatives for the future are also proposed. Future schemes should be able to precisely identify overload on a system and shed the necessary amount of load. The number of load-shedding steps and the amount of load shed each step should be computed online in the future; it will, therefore, be necessary to estimate, online, the average rate of frequency change and the system inertia, as well as a prediction of the frequency characteristic after each step. These suggestions should be useful in reducing overshooting phenomena of the normal 60-Hz operating frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growing Rod Techniques in Early-Onset Scoliosis (2007)

The current expandable spinal implant systems appear effective in controlling progressive EOS, allowing for spinal growth and improving lung development. All have a moderate complication rate, especially rod breakage and hook displacement.
VEGF levels and the angiogenic potential of the microenvironment can affect surgical strategy for colorectal liver metastasis (2012)

The hypotheses emerging from basic research on colorectal liver metastases must be tested in clinical situations for the adaptation of current treatment strategies. Pre-metastatic niches have been shown to exist in human colorectal synchronous metastases, with the liver parenchyma adjacent to the synchronous liver metastases providing a favorable, angiogenic environment for metastatic tumor growth. The role of the VEGF signaling pathway in liver regeneration and tumor growth remains unclear, but the use of antiangiogenic agents in combination with surgical treatment is almost certainly beneficial.
The antitumor effects of tetrodotoxin and/or doxorubicin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing female mice (2012)

The study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and/or doxorubicin (DOX) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice through the investigated biochemical parameters. TTX and/or DOX with or without N-acetylcystiene were administrated after 10 days into EAC-female mice for a period of 2 weeks in six equal doses. Treatment with TTX or DOX caused a significant decrease in the mean tumor weight and an increase in the cumulative mean survival time when compared with EAC group. All the treatments reduced the elevated liver tumor markers and increased liver antioxidant enzymes under investigation in comparison with EAC. Hepatic cells, suffered severely from degeneration and karriolysis in EAC group, revealed some improvement as appearance of healthy hepatocytes by TTX treatment. The present results suggested that TTX had a more powerful inhibitor effect on EAC growth than DOX and TTX plus DOX treatments reflected by antitumor biochemical and histological studies.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐5‐substituted‐pyrrolo(2,3‐d)pyrimidines as Nonclassical Antifolate Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review (2006)

Discordance between animal and human studies may be due to bias or to the failure of animal models to mimic clinical disease adequately.
A novel 1-gram insect based device measuring visual motion along 5 optical directions (2011)

Autopilots for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) with a maximum permissible avionic payload of only a few grams need lightweight, low-power sensors to be able to navigate safely when flying through unknown environments. To meet these demanding specifications, we developed a simple functional model for an Elementary Motion Detector (EMD) circuit based on the common housefly's visual system. During the last two decades, several insect-based visual motion sensors have been designed and implemented on various robots, and considerable improvements have been made in terms of their mass, size and power consumption. The new lightweight visual motion sensor presented here generates 5 simultaneous neighboring measurements of the 1-D angular speed of a natural scene within a measurement range of more than one decade [25°/s; 350°/s]. Using a new sensory fusion method consisting in computing the median value of the 5 local motion units, we ended up with a more robust, more accurate and more frequently refreshed measurement of the 1-D angular speed.
Hydrolysis and Crystallization of Cellulose (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis and Crystallization of CelluloseO. A. BattistaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 3, 502–507Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50483a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50483a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1751Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The apoptotic suppressor P35 is required early during baculovirus replication and is targeted to the cytosol of infected cells (1994)

The p35 gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) is required to block virus-induced apoptosis. The trans-dominant activity of p35 suppresses premature cell death and facilitates AcMNPV replication in a cell line- and host-specific manner. To characterize the p35 gene product (P35), a specific polyclonal antiserum was raised. As revealed by immunoblot analyses of wild-type AcMNPV-infected cells, P35 appeared early (8 to 12 h) and accumulated through the late stages of infection (24 to 36 h). Biochemical fractionation of cells both early and late in infection and indirect immunochemical staining demonstrated that P35 localized predominantly to the cytosol (150,000 x g supernatant); comparatively minor quantities of P35 were associated with intracellular membranes. The cytoplasmic localization of P35 was independent of virus infection. The functional significance of the early and late synthesis of P35 was examined by constructing recombinant viruses in which the timing and level of p35 expression were altered. Delaying P35 synthesis by placing p35 under exclusive control of a strong, very late promoter failed to suppress intracellular DNA fragmentation and apoptotic blebbing in most cells. Thus, earlier expression of p35 was required to block virus-induced apoptosis. Site-specific mutagenesis of the p35 promoter demonstrated that low levels of P35 were sufficient to block apoptosis, whereas higher levels were required to maintain wild-type virus gene expression. Consistent with an early role in infection, P35 was also detected in the budded form of AcMNPV. Because of the lack of sequence similarity and its cytosolic targeting, P35 may function in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from other apoptotic regulators, including Bcl-2 and the adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein.
Update: Ongoing Zika Virus Transmission — Puerto Rico, November 1, 2015–April 14, 2016 (2016)

Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes species mosquitoes, and symptoms of infection can include rash, fever, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis (1).* Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe brain defects (2). Infection has also been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (3). In December 2015, Puerto Rico became the first U.S. jurisdiction to report local transmission of Zika virus, with the index patient reporting symptom onset on November 23, 2015 (4). This report provides an update to the epidemiology of and public health response to ongoing Zika virus transmission in Puerto Rico. During November 1, 2015-April 14, 2016, a total of 6,157 specimens from suspected Zika virus-infected patients were evaluated by the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDH) and CDC Dengue Branch (which is located in San Juan, Puerto Rico), and 683 (11%) had laboratory evidence of current or recent Zika virus infection by one or more tests: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Zika virus-infected patients resided in 50 (64%) of 78 municipalities in Puerto Rico. Median age was 34 years (range = 35 days-89 years). The most frequently reported signs and symptoms were rash (74%), myalgia (68%), headache (63%), fever (63%), and arthralgia (63%). There were 65 (10%) symptomatic pregnant women who tested positive by RT-PCR or IgM ELISA. A total of 17 (2%) patients required hospitalization, including 5 (1%) patients with suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome. One (<1%) patient died after developing severe thrombocytopenia. The public health response to the outbreak has included increased laboratory capacity to test for Zika virus infection (including blood donor screening), implementation of enhanced surveillance systems, and prevention activities focused on pregnant women. Vector control activities include indoor and outdoor residual spraying and reduction of mosquito breeding environments focused around pregnant women's homes. Residents of and travelers to Puerto Rico should continue to employ mosquito bite avoidance behaviors, take precautions to reduce the risk for sexual transmission (5), and seek medical care for any acute illness with rash or fever.
Quantitative Organic Microanalysis (1952)

Journal Article Quantitative Organic Microanalysis Get access Quantitative Organic Microanalysis. By Ah STEYERMARK (Microchemist, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.). The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 387 pages. Price $7.00. C L Ogg C L Ogg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 35, Issue 2, 1 May 1952, Pages 507–508, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/35.2.507a Published: 08 February 2020
Improving pairwise learning for item recommendation from implicit feedback (2014)

Pairwise algorithms are popular for learning recommender systems from implicit feedback. For each user, or more generally context, they try to discriminate between a small set of selected items and the large set of remaining (irrelevant) items. Learning is typically based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with uniformly drawn pairs. In this work, we show that convergence of such SGD learning algorithms slows down considerably if the item popularity has a tailed distribution. We propose a non-uniform item sampler to overcome this problem. The proposed sampler is context-dependent and oversamples informative pairs to speed up convergence. An efficient implementation with constant amortized runtime costs is developed. Furthermore, it is shown how the proposed learning algorithm can be applied to a large class of recommender models. The properties of the new learning algorithm are studied empirically on two real-world recommender system problems. The experiments indicate that the proposed adaptive sampler improves the state-of-the art learning algorithm largely in convergence without negative effects on prediction quality or iteration runtime.
FMCW radar for life-sign detection (2009)

In this paper we investigate the use of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars for detecting life-sign of people, i.e. breathing and heartbeat. An optimum frequency has been selected to observe life-sign, taking into consideration also design factors, such as bandwidth availability and interference with other systems. A new compact X-band FMCW radar has been built at TNO laboratories and experimental results are presented here, which demonstrate the ability of this new system to detect life-sign.
Current-Induced Transverse Spin-Wave Instability in a Thin Nanomagnet (2004)

We show that an unpolarized electric current incident perpendicular to the plane of a thin ferromagnet can excite a spin-wave instability transverse to the current direction if source and drain contacts are not symmetric. The instability, which is driven by the current-induced "spin-transfer torque," exists for one current direction only.
Propagation of Partial Discharge and Noise Pulses in Turbine Generators (1986)

Changes with time in the partial discharge (PD) activity originating in a generator stator's insulation system provide information about the electrical integrity of the stator winding. It is desirable to measure PD during normal service to minimize costs. To do this successfully, the influence of electrical interference must be reduced. Tests are reported which characterize the nature of discharge and noise pulses when using capacitive couplers mounted on each of the phase leads and an RF current transformer mounted on the neutral lead for signal detection. Significant differences between PD and electrical noise have been observed.
Evernimicin (SCH27899) Inhibits a Novel Ribosome Target Site: Analysis of 23S Ribosomal DNA Mutants (2000)

Spontaneous mutants of susceptible clinical and laboratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibiting reduced susceptibility to evernimicin (SCH27899; MIC, 0.5 to 4.0 mg/liter) were selected on plates containing evernimicin. Four isolates that did not harbor mutations in rplP (which encodes ribosomal protein L16) were further analyzed. Whole chromosomal DNA or PCR products of the 23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operons from these mutants could be used to transform the susceptible S. pneumoniae strain R6 to resistance at frequencies of 10(-5) and 10(-4), respectively, rates 10- to 100-fold lower than that for a single-allele chromosomal marker. The transformants appeared slowly (48 to 72 h) on selective medium, and primary transformants passaged on nonselective medium produced single colonies that displayed heterogeneous susceptibilities to evernimicin. A single passage on selective medium of colonies derived from a single primary transformant homogenized the resistance phenotype. Sequence analysis of the 23S rDNA and rRNA from the resistant mutants revealed single, unique mutations in each isolate at the equivalent Escherichia coli positions 2469 (A --> C), 2480 (C --> T), 2535 (G --> A), and 2536 (G --> C). The mutations map within two different stems of the peptidyltransferase region of domain V. Because multiple copies of rDNA are present in the chromosome, gene conversion between mutant and wild-type 23S rDNA alleles may be necessary for stable resistance. Additionally, none of the characterized mutants showed cross-resistance to any of a spectrum of protein synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that the target site of evernimicin may be unique.
Alternative 3′-end processing of U5 snRNA by RNase III (1997)

The cellular components required to form the 3' ends of small nuclear RNAs are unknown. U5 snRNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is found in two forms that differ in length at their 3' ends (U5L and U5S). When added to a yeast cell free extract, synthetic pre-U5 RNA bearing downstream genomic sequences is processed efficiently and accurately to generate both mature forms of U5. The two forms of U5 are produced in vitro by alternative 3'-end processing. A temperature-sensitive mutation in the RNT1 gene encoding RNase III blocks accumulation of U5L in vivo. In vitro, alternative cleavage of the U5 precursor by RNase III determines the choice between the two multistep pathways that lead to U5L and U5S, one of which (U5L) is strictly dependent on RNase III. These results identify RNase III as a trans-acting factor involved in 3'-end formation of snRNA and show how RNase III might regulate alternative RNA processing pathways.
Variable Compression Pistons (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper traces the historical development of the BICERI variable compression ratio piston and its use in a number of engines. In early petrol experiments a variable compression piston covering the range from 6.5:1 to 16.5:1 showed significant efficiency improvements on 70 octane petrol. In the diesel engine field, Teledyne Continental increased the power of a V12 direct injection tank engine from 550 hp (30 hp per litre) to 1475hp (80 hp per litre) retaining the original crankcase and structure. At BICERI the output of a supercharged research engine was increased to 40 bar bmep with a peak cylinder pressure of only 165 bar.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Military application lapsed with the preference for gas turbine engines, but the time is now right to explore the capabilities of variable compression within the wider automotive scene. Volkswagen have been working on a variable compression engine and have shown fuel consumption improvements up to 13% together with lower emissions. Mercedes have also been working with Mahle, and in a recent SAE paper showed 9% improvement in fuel consumption together with lower emissions particularly during the start-up phase.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper concludes by looking at the long-term potential and verbal presentation will be made of possible future development trends.</div>
Renewing Mature Shale Wells Through Refracturing (2014)

Refracturing opportunities In what may become Act Two for the North American “shale revolution,” some operators are returning to their mature shale wells to refracture, or restimulate, the rock to accelerate the rate of production and enhance the ultimate recovery of trapped hydrocarbons. Refracturing is not a new technique and has been applied for many years in tight rock and vertical wells. But now producers want to apply refracturing to a large inventory of unconventional wells suffering from low production because of ineffective initial completions. Refracturing could also serve as a countermeasure against the characteristically steep decline rates of shale wells. A few years after coming on-stream, most horizontal shale wells produce at a fraction of their initial rate, yet large volumes of oil and gas remain in the rock that could be produced through refracturing. Those involved expect shale well refracturing activity in the United States and Canada to increase steadily as companies figure out how to optimize the mechanics of the operation. Their optimism is based on some early success stories, and the sheer number of possible refracturing opportunities that exist. “Over these next 2 years, the industry will be sharpening their pencils on how and where they are going to (refracture), and then they are going to do it because the potential is tremendous,” said Ibrahim Abou- Sayed, founder of a Houston-based company called i-Stimulation Solutions that offers upstream engineering and consulting services. However, some companies are sitting it out until newer technology overcomes some of the challenges involved with refracturing to make it an easier operation to carry out. Tim Leshchyshyn, founder of a Calgary-based company called FracKnowledge that maintains a database of fracturing information, characterizes refracturing as a “large, complicated topic” that needs more research and development to become a reliable technique. “For many of the candidates that need to be refractured, the industry is short on technology to do so,” he said. “I think there are some tools out there that help, but there is still a lot of room for technology development to make it easy and highly successful.”