gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar Probe Coaxial-Waveguide Power Combiner/Divider (2009)

A novel axially symmetric oversized coaxial waveguide power combiner/divider, which utilizes a planar probe array to transform multiway input to a central oversized coaxial waveguide, is presented in this paper. The use of a coaxial waveguide allows standard transverse electromagnetic design theory to be used, and the characteristics of the coaxial taper transition and the planar probe array are analyzed in detail. A design procedure is also established for the structure. A ten-way planar probe coaxial-waveguide power combiner/divider over the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ku</i> -band is designed and measured. The measured results show a reasonable agreement with the simulated results. The measured 15-dB return-loss bandwidth is approximately 4.3 GHz, and a maximum amplitude imbalance of plusmn 1 dB and a phase imbalance of plusmn5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> are observed in the 11.5-16-GHz band. Furthermore, the isolation between the peripheral ports is also discussed.
Precise Determination of TSH Receptor Antibody Activity in Serum Containing Bovine TSH (bTSH) Binding Antibody by Absorption Using Denatured bTSH or Sheep FSH (1996)

A previous report demonstrated that sera with bovine TSH (bTSH) binding antibody showed abnormally negative TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) activity in the standard TRAb assay method. The corrected TRAb activity calculated by the determination of the nonspecific binding of the labeled bTSH for each test serum [NSB(T)] resulted in positive TRAb activity. However, the precise calculation was difficult because NSB(T) level was significantly higher than the nonspecific binding in normal pool serum [NSB(N)] level. In the present experiment the determination of the TRAb activity was performed after absorption of bTSH binding antibodies by the heat-denatured bTSH to obtain more precise TRAb activity. In addition, absorption by sheep FSH (sFSH) was performed because almost all bTSH binding antibodies showed specific binding to the alpha-subunit of mammalian pituitary glycoprotein hormones in our previous study. Three days absorption of test serum using 1 mU of the heat-denatured bTSH (100 degrees C for 1 h) or 5 mU of sFSH was chosen as optimal because NSB(T) decreased remarkably to NSB(N) levels. The corrected TRAb determined after these absorptions decreased significantly compared to the corrected TRAb activity without the absorption. When the complete absorption of bTSH binding antibody was performed by the decrease of the NSB(T) level to the NSB(N) level, the TRAb activity determined by these two different absorptions was almost similar (difference was less than 10%). However, it was difficult to obtain the precise TRAb activity in the cases with extremely high bTSH binding antibody, because the NSB(T) level was higher than the NSB(N) level by the incomplete absorption of bTSH binding antibody.
Exploring Multi-Device Task Management with the Collaboration Annex (2006)

Users are increasingly limited in their use of multiple computing devices by the difficulty of managing information and tasks across those devices. We extend previous research on supporting task management and on interaction across devices by providing support for managing tasks across devices. As initial steps we identify dimensions for transforming the spatial context of tasks across devices and present a prototype exploring possible points in the design space.
Dispersion of Nitrogen* (1966)

The refractivity of nitrogen gas has been measured, with high relative precision, at vacuum wavelengths from 4679 Å to 20 586 Å. The absolute value of refractivity for 5462 Å, reduced to one atmosphere at 0°C., is 2.991×10−4. A dispersion formula fitting the data well at 15°C. is 108 (n−1)= 6497.378+3 073 864.9/(144-σ2), where σ is wave number in reciprocal microns. This is compared to Svensson’s dispersion formula for air. Alternative dispersion formulas are discussed. Quantities related to dispersion are deduced: mean absorption frequency, effective total oscillator strength., dielectric constant, Verdet constant, and Rayleigh scattering coefficient.
Optimistic fair exchange (2000)

A fair exchange guarantees that a participant only reveals its items (such as signatures, payments, or data) if it receives the expected items in exchange. Efficient fair exchange requires a so-called third party, which is assumed to be correct. Optimistic fair exchange involves this third party only if needed, i.e., if the participants cheat or disagree. \nIn Part I, we prove lower bounds on the message and time complexity of two particular instances of fair exchange in varying models, namely contract signing (fair exchange of two signatures under a contract) and certified mail (fair exchange of data for a receipt). We show that all given bounds are tight by describing provably time- and message-optimal protocols for all considered models and instances. \nIn Part II, we have a closer look at formalizing the security of fair exchange. We introduce a new formal notion of security (including secrecy) for reactive distributed systems. We illustrate this new formalism by a specification of certified mail as an alternative to the traditional specification given in Part I. \nIn Part III, we describe protocols for generic and optimistic fair exchange of arbitrary items. These protocols are embedded into the SEMPER Fair Exchange Layer, which is a central part of the SEMPER Framework for Secure Electronic Commerce.
Interferon-induced proteins and their mechanisms of action. (1994)

Interferons modulate a number of biological functions including cell growth and differentiation, the immune response, and virus replication. The antiviral activity of interferons (IFNs), the property that led to their discovery, is mediated by multiple cellular proteins. Among the IFN-induced cellular proteins with antiviral activity are the protein kinase PKR, the enzymes of the 2', 5'-oligoadenylate pathway, and the Mx proteins. The antiviral activities of these proteins differ significantly against viruses of the myxoviridae, rhabdoviridae, and picornaviridae virus families.
Production Aspects of a Beef Cow-Calf Operation on Grass Pastures (1963)

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.
Stabilization of the Unliganded Glucocorticoid Receptor by TSG101 (2005)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been shown to undergo hormone-dependent down-regulation via transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and posttranslational mechanisms. However, the mechanisms involved in modulating GR levels in the absence of hormone remain enigmatic. Here we demonstrate that TSG101, a previously identified GR-interacting protein, stabilizes the hypophosphorylated form of GR in the absence of ligand. We found that a non-phosphorylated version of GR (S203A/S211A) showed enhanced interaction with TSG101 as compared with the wild type GR, suggesting that TSG101 interacts more favorably with GR when it is not phosphorylated. A significant accumulation of GR S203A/S211A protein is detected in the absence of ligand when TSG101 is overexpressed, whereas no increase in the wild type phosphorylated GR or phosphomimetic GR S203E/S211E was observed in mammalian cells. In contrast, down-regulation of TSG101 expression by siRNA renders the hypophosphorylated form of GR unstable. We further show that TSG101 stabilizes GR by impeding its degradation by the proteasome and extending receptor half-life. Thus, in absence of a ligand, TSG101 binds GR and protects the non-phosphorylated receptor from degradation.
Inferring neural signalling directionality from undirected structural connectomes (2019)

Neural information flow is inherently directional. To date, investigation of directional communication in the human structural connectome has been precluded by the inability of non-invasive neuroimaging methods to resolve axonal directionality. Here, we demonstrate that decentralized measures of network communication, applied to the undirected topology and geometry of brain networks, can infer putative directions of large-scale neural signalling. We propose the concept of send-receive communication asymmetry to characterize cortical regions as senders, receivers or neutral, based on differences between their incoming and outgoing communication efficiencies. Our results reveal a send-receive cortical hierarchy that recapitulates established organizational gradients differentiating sensory-motor and multimodal areas. We find that send-receive asymmetries are significantly associated with the directionality of effective connectivity derived from spectral dynamic causal modeling. Finally, using fruit fly, mouse and macaque connectomes, we provide further evidence suggesting that directionality of neural signalling is significantly encoded in the undirected architecture of nervous systems.
HLA-DPB1 and Chronic Beryllium Disease: A HuGE Review (2003)

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is a series of genes located on chromosome 6 that are important in normal immune function. Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease, a granulomatous lung disease that appears in workers exposed to beryllium, is modified by genetic variants of the HLA-DP subregion. Evaluation of HLA-DPB1 sequence motifs in current and former beryllium workers implicated a glutamic acid residue at position 69 (HLA-DPB1(Glu69)) in chronic beryllium disease. This finding has since been extended to specific HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles. Specific job tasks have also been implicated in degree of risk, and in this paper the authors explore gene-environment interaction. The utility of this genetic information for prospective, current, and former beryllium workers must be weighed against the potential for employment and insurance discrimination. Continued research in the beryllium-exposed population will be important for improving personal risk assessment and identifying high-risk genes associated with disease progression.
Studies on the effect of humidity on the hatchability of hens' eggs II. A comparison of hatchability, weight loss and embryonic growth in eggs incubated at 40 and 70% R.H. (1961)

Eggs from Light Sussex hens were weighed before incubation started and on the 19th day of incubation to determine weight loss when incubated at 40% B.H. compared with 70% R.H. They were allowed to hatch and the day-old chicks were weighed. Although the eggs incubated in the drier atmosphere lost more weight, their hatchability was no less than the eggs incubated in the wetter atmosphere. The hatched live weight of the chicks from the respective groups did not differ significantly. The comparatively good hatch obtained here and in part I at the 40% R.H. is suggested as being an indication that for optimum hatchability large eggs may require lower humidity than small eggs.
Measurement of plasma clotting time using ultrasonic shear waves (1994)

This work presents a method that employs ultrasonic shear waves in the determination of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), two plasma tests, during the coagulation process. Two AT-cut quartz crystal transducers are used as transmitter and receiver, with a frequency of 2.0 MHz. During the coagulation process there are random fluctuations in the amplitude of the wave transmitted through the sample of plasma that cease once the clot is formed. The time interval during which these fluctuations occur is used to indicate the coagulation time for the plasma. The method, repeated 35 times over the same plasma sample, provided for the mean of PT and APTT 12.7 s and 23.4 s with standard deviations of 0.8 s and 2.1 s, respectively. These results are in accordance with those obtained for normal plasma by means of other clinical tests.
Silver Nitrate: Antimicrobial Activity Related to Cytotoxicity in Cultured Human Fibroblasts (1998)

The aims of this study were to ascertain whether silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentrations below those used in clinical practice inhibit bacterial growth, and in parallel study the cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. The cytoprotective effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) were also evaluated. The cytotoxic effects of eight different silver nitrate concentrations were determined by assessing mitochondrial activity of viable cells capable of cleaving tetrazolium salts. Antimicrobial activity of AgNO3, range: 7-550 x 10(-5)%, was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Silver nitrate concentrations exerting antimicrobial effects were: S. aureus, >70 x 10(-5)%; P. aeruginosa, >/=270 x 10(-5)%, and C. freundii, >/=550 x 10(-5)%. With 2% FCS, the lowest AgNO3 concentration studied (7 x 10(-5)%) showed cytotoxic effects (cell survival 71 +/- 19%) at only 2 h of incubation. Under these conditions AgNO3 cytotoxicity was time- and concentration-dependent in all exposure periods. Cytotoxicity was greatly enhanced causing 76% fibroblast growth inhibition at concentrations of 14 x 10(-5)% and contact time of 2 h. The AgNO3 concentration of 7 x 10(-5)% was also cytotoxic with 5% FCS in the media compared with controls, although cell survival was higher than with 2% FCS. The cytoprotective action of FCS was clearly shown at the concentration of 10% at which AgNO3 cytotoxicity of 7 x 10(-5)% to 28 x 10(-5)% was partially or completely inhibited. Our results show that AgNO3 at concentrations 100-700 times more diluted than that normally used in clinical practice retained effective inhibitory activity against some of the above-mentioned microorganisms. However, even these concentrations are cytotoxic for cultured fibroblasts. Thus, silver nitrate concentrations up to 100 times more diluted can be used, since they possess bacterial growth-inhibiting power, are less cytotoxic and therefore favour wound healing.
Dynamic rule-ordering optimization for high-speed firewall filtering (2006)

Packet filtering plays a critical role in many of the current high speed network technologies such as firewalls and IPSec devices. The optimization of firewall policies is critically important to provide high performance packet filtering particularly for high speed network security. Current packet filtering techniques exploit the characteristics of the filtering policies, but they do not consider the traffic behavior in optimizing their search data structures. This results in impractically high space complexity, which undermines the performance gain offered by these techniques. Also, these techniques offer upper bounds for the worst case search times; nevertheless, average case scenarios are not necessarily optimized. Moreover, the types of packet filtering fields used in most of these techniques are limited to IP header fields and cannot be generalized to cover transport and application layer filtering.In this paper, we present a novel technique that utilizes Internet traffic characteristics to optimize firewall filtering policies. The proposed technique timely adapts to the traffic conditions using actively calculated statistics to dynamically optimize the ordering of packet filtering rules. The rule importance in traffic matching as well as its dependency on other rules are both considered in our optimization algorithm. Through extensive evaluation experiments using simulated and real Internet traffic traces, the proposed mechanism is shown to be efficient and easy to deploy in practical firewall implementations.
The Hematocrit-Corrected Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Can Be Useful in Diagnosing Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients (2001)

Increased Westergren ESR in HD patients is associated with activated acute-phase response, anemia, and aging. The Hct-corrected ESR values of 23 and 59 mm/h precisely select the HD patients with severe inflammation from those without.
NEW OPTICALLY-PUMPED ALKALI METAL DIATOMIC LASERS (1983)

Author Institution: Iowa Laser Facility, University of Iowa; Iowa Laser Facility, 3B-611A, Bell Telephone Laboratory; MHD Energy Center, Mississippi State University; Department of Chemistry, Drexel University Philadelphia
Surface Roughness of Water Measured by X-Ray Reflectivity (1985)

The roughness of the liquid-vapor interface for pure water was measured by a technique of x-ray reflectivity. With synchrotron radiation ($\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5$ \AA{}A), the angular dependence of the x-ray reflectivity was measured from grazing incidence (\ensuremath{\sim}0.0021 rad), where the reflectivity was greater than 0.96, to an incident angle of \ensuremath{\sim}0.05 rad, where the reflectivity was \ensuremath{\sim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$. A fit to the data by a theory with only one adjustable parameter obtains 3.2 \AA{}A for the root-mean-square roughness of the water surface.
Stereo disparity analysis using phase correlation (1994)

The determination of disparity in a stereo pair of images is a key factor in obtaining three-dimensional information about a scene. The authors describe how phase correlation can be used to aid stereo disparity analysis. An algorithm has been developed that identifies high-confidence candidate disparity vectors which are evaluated blockwise over the image. The vectors can be used as input to a subsequent area-matching process applied element by element.
High Voltage Vertical GaN p-n Diodes With Hydrogen-Plasma Based Guard Rings (2019)

This letter demonstrates novel hydrogen-plasma based guard rings (GRs) for high voltage vertical GaN p-n diodes grown on bulk GaN substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The GR structure can significantly improve breakdown voltages (BV) and critical electric fields (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of the devices. Not having field plates or passivation, the p-n diodes with a 9 μm drift layer and 10 GRs showed BV/on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ) of 1.70 kV/0.65 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which are close to the GaN theoretical limit. Moreover, the device also exhibited good rectifying behaviors with an on-current of ~ 2.6 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , an on/off ratio of ~ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> , and a turn-on voltage of 3.56 V. This work represents one of the first effective GR techniques for high performance kV-class GaN p-n diodes.
Finding the <i>n</i> Most Vital Nodes in a Flow Network (1974)

The n most vital nodes in a network are those n nodes whose removal, along with all arcs incident with them, would cause the greatest decrease in maximum flow between a specified node pair. Results are established for this problem that lead to a procedure for determining the n most vital nodes.
MSTAR: a submicrometer absolute metrology system (2003)

The Modulation Sideband Technology for Absolute Ranging (MSTAR) sensor permits absolute distance measurement with subnanometer accuracy, an improvement of 4 orders of magnitude over current techniques. The system uses fast phase modulators to resolve the integer cycle ambiguity of standard interferometers. The concept is described and demonstrated over target distances up to 1 m. The design can be extended to kilometer-scale separations.
Prospective Study of the Association of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia III and Invasive Cervical Cancer (2010)

Epidemiologic studies indicate that elevated levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a key enzyme of glutathione metabolism, might be associated with increased cancer risk. Furthermore, preclinical studies support a role for GGT in tumor invasion and progression. However, the relationship between GGT and risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN-III) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) have not been evaluated. We investigated the association of enzymatically determined GGT in blood serum with subsequent incidence of CIN-III and ICC in a prospective population-based cohort of 92,843 women ages 18 to 95, of whom 79% had at least one gynecologic examination including Pap smear testing during follow-up. Cox regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals for the association of GGT with CIN-III and ICC. During median follow-up of 13.8 years, 702 CIN-III and 117 ICC diagnoses were observed. Compared with normal low GGT (<17.99 units/L), risk of ICC was significantly elevated for all other baseline GGT categories, with adjusted HRs of 2.31 (1.49-3.59) for normal high GGT (18.00-35.99 units/L), 2.76 (1.52-5.02) for elevated GGT (36.00-71.99 units/L), and 3.38 (1.63-7.00) for highly elevated GGT [>72.00 units/L; P trend < 0.0001, HR log unit increase 3.45 (1.92-6.19)]. In contrast, associations between GGT serum levels and CIN-III risk were not statistically significant in the main analysis. Exclusion of the first 2 or 5 years of follow-up did not change the results. Effects did not differ by age, body mass index, or socioeconomic status. Our findings implicate GGT in the progression of premalignant cervical lesions to invasive cancer.
Characterization of the gene encoding the glutamic-acid-specific protease of Streptomyces griseus (1993)

The complete gene sequence (sprE) for the glutamic-acid-specific serine protease (SGPE) of the gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces griseus is reported. The sprE gene encodes a 355 amino acid pre-pro-mature enzyme. The presence of a glutamic acid residue at the junction of the pro and mature segments of the protein suggests that the enzyme is self-processing. SGPE was found to have extensive homology with the S. griseus proteases A and B. However, there is an additional segment to the pro region of SGPE, lacking in proteases A and B, which has significant homology to the pro region of the alpha-lytic protease of the gram-negative bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes. Expression of recombinant SGPE in Bacillus subtilis is also reported, and the enzyme is shown to be self-processing.
The role of peroxide in haem degradation. A study of the oxidation of ferrihaems by hydrogen peroxide (1978)

The oxidation of ferrihaems by H2O2 was studied as a model for haem catabolism. Rates of ferrihaem oxidation were evaluated by using a new computer-based method that measures the loss in catalytic activity of the ferrihaem during oxidation. For protoferrihaem, deuteroferrihaem, coproferrihaem and mesoferrihaem, oxidation proceeded via the monomeric species and no dimer contribution was detectable. The pH-dependence of oxidation was studied in the range 6.5–11. Within experimental error, the data were compatible with an inverse linear dependence on [H+]. This was interpreted in terms of attack by HO2- on monomeric ferrihaem. The specific second-order rate constants for oxidation of monomeric species by HO2- were of the same order of magnitude for all the ferrihaems, and were in the sequence coproferrihaem greater than protoferrihaem greater than mesoferrihaem congruent to deuteroferrihaem. A model is suggested involving formation of a ferrihaem monomerperoxide complex, which may either dissociate with the formation of a peroxidatic intermediate or be involved in an intramolecular oxidation of the ferrihaem. Haem catabolism may occur via the same or a similar intermediate.