gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
广西来宾瓜达鲁普统—乐平统界线地层的牙形类化石——一个独立验证报告 (2001)

王成源(Wang，2000)和金玉开(Jin，2000)提出了关于乐平统底界定义的不同论点。为了对此进行独立的验证，卡尔加里大学微体古生物实验室对采自华南广西来宾地区瓜达鲁普统-乐平统界线地层的牙形类化石大块样品进行了处理。结果如下：1.Jinogondolella和Clarkina在样品中没有共生；2.由Jinogondolella granti演化为Clarkina postbitteri的变化发生在层115-6i;3. C. postbitteri的首次出现层位(FAD)在蓬莱滩剖面位于层115-6i上部；4.这个变化标志着一个显著的生物信号和一个重要的点断演化事件。Jinogondolella granti演化为Clarkinapostbitteri的事件很可能是受瓜达鲁普统与乐平统之交的海平面降至最低水位所触发和控制。层115-6i下部为较浅水相颗粒灰岩，代表瓜达鲁普统末期层序高位域之顶或上覆层序低位域之底部。作为Clarkina属的第一个代表，Clarkina postbitteri是界线地层中最易识别的种之一，而Clarkina postbitteri带的识别较容易和稳定一致。Clarkina postbitteri和Clarkina dukouensis可以通过基于锯齿型式，居群和个体发育的分类体系来加以稳定地区分。Clarkina postbitteri和Clarkina dukouensis之间的过渡是渐变的，其间的分界点只能人为地确定。如果采用这样一个人为确定的点来定义全球界线层型(GSSP)，将难以稳定一致地对其加以识别。来自层114.6-6k的被Wang(2000)鉴定为Clarkina dukouensis的标本应当是C. postbitteri，或精确地说可能是C. postbitteri的一个新亚种。没有争议的Clarkina dukouensis在蓬莱滩剖面最早出现于层114-7e。从生物演化和层序地层的角度看，C. postbitteri的首次出现层位(FAD)是瓜达鲁普统和乐平统界线的最清楚的侯选位置。
Compaction technique universal pin electronics (1984)

Universal Pin Electronics represents a radical departure from normal tester architecture. It uses common electronics to create analog, parametric digital and functional digital stimulus and measurement capability in each tester channel. Key parameters include 100 MHz functional digital repetition rate, vector storage over one million bits, and analog/parametric digital stimulus/measurement capability to 20 MHz. For functional digital testing the UPE architecture results in advancements in overall tester throughput in addition to maximum repetition rate and vector (array) size. Key to these advancements is the architecture in general and the compaction/decompaction technique in particular. The discussion to follow will center on this unique process.
Near Earth asteroid rendezvous spacecraft overview (2002)

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is under contract from NASA to design and launch a spacecraft that will rendezvous and orbit the near Earth asteroid, 433 Eros. The spacecraft is the first under NASA's Discovery Program, which is a new series of low cost solar system missions. The mission plan is to launch in February 1996, fly by the main belt asteroid 253 Mathilde in June 1997, and arrive at 433 Eros in February 1999. While in orbit around Eros the spacecraft will measure the bulk, surface, and internal properties of the asteroid for a period of 12 months. This paper describes the near Earth asteroid rendezvous mission with a focus on the spacecraft design. The system level spacecraft architecture employs a design approach that takes advantage of mission geometry to enable exciting, first-rate science return with low cost, quick turnaround, and low technical risk.
Virtual switch human-machine interface using fingernail touch sensors (2003)

A novel human-machine interface using wearable sensors is presented. Fingernail sensors that detect touch forces at the fingertip are used as a means to acquire human intentions of pressing buttons and switches. The sensor is worn on the fingernail (and looks like an ornamental fingernail). Combined with a magnetic tracker detecting the position of the human hand, it identifies which switch the human wishes to push and when the switch has been pushed. This allows traditional physical switches, embedded in a wall, control panel, etc., to be replaced by "virtual switches" that contain no electrical circuits or mechanical parts, but are merely pictures showing the location of the switch. In the virtual switch system, the location and functionality of switches are determined by software and can thereby be changed flexibly depending on the progress of task performance, environmental conditions, and context. The virtual switch method is combined with a "hyper manual" that stores task-procedure and operational information on a computer. Monitoring the human task performance allows the digital hyper manual to better guide the human, detect errors, and provide a safer environment.
Inhibition of Ras extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) mediated signaling promotes ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expression in Schwann cells (2001)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) can prevent injury-induced motor neuron death. However, it is also evident that expression of CNTF in Schwann cells is suppressed during nerve regeneration. In this report, we have addressed the mechanism underlying the down-regulation of CNTF expression in injured nerves using a mouse Schwann cell line IMS32 and mouse sciatic nerve. In IMS32 cells, activation of the Ras extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway by adenoviral vector-mediated expression of dominant active MEK1 did not alter a basal level of CNTF expression, whereas inhibition of the Ras-ERK pathway by using adenoviral vectors resulted in a marked increase in CNTF expression. This inverse relation between before and after axotomy was also observed in mouse sciatic nerve. In the axotomized sciatic nerve, the phosphorylated ERK was markedly increased; in contrast, the expression of CNTF was markedly decreased. These findings suggest that an inactive state of ERK is crucial for the CNTF expression in Schwann cells, and that activation of ERK following nerve injury critically influences the expression of CNTF. This might well explain why CNTF is highly expressed in quiescent Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, and also why CNTF is not abundant in axotomized nerves or cultured Schwann cells in which the proliferation signal is obviously active.
Arphamenines A and B,new inhibitors of aminopeptidase B,produced by bacteria. (1983)

Description de la production des arphamenines par la bacterie Chromobacterium violaceum, description de l'isolement, de la purification et de la caracterisation de ces inhibiteurs specifiques de l'aminopeptidase B
Ma, Is a Fool as Aloof as I am? (2002)

A variant of the well-known Ma is a nun, as I am and Ma is a selfless as I am, this palindrome appears to be new.
Phylogenetic and structural analyses of the mating-type loci in<i>Clavicipitaceae</i> (2006)

Entomopathogens and other econutritional fungi belonging to Clavicipitaceae were phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of the 18S rRNA gene and mating-type genes (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1). The phylogenies of the mating-type genes yielded better resolutions than that of 18S rRNA gene. Entomopathogens (Cordyceps bassiana, Cordyceps brongniartii, Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps sinclairii, Cordyceps takaomontana, Isaria cateniannulata, Isaria farinosa, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria javanica, Lecanicillium muscarium and Torrubiella flava) were considered as a phylogenetically defined group, and were closely related to mycopathogens (Lecanicillium psalliotae and Verticillium fungicola). They located at more descendant positions in the mating-type trees than other fungi, and lacked the mating-type gene MAT1-1-3. The deletion of MAT1-1-3 was supposed to have occurred once in Clavicipitaceae, and a good indication for the evolution of Clavicipitaceae. Other entomopathogens (Cordyceps cylindrica, Cordyceps subsessilis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Nomuraea rileyi) and pathogens of plants, nematodes and slime molds, were relatively related to each other, and possessed MAT1-1-3, but were supposed to be heterogeneous. Root-associated fungi did not form any clade with other species.
Localization with Wi-fi fingerprinting: Towards indoor navigation on smartphones (2012)

Due to the fluctuating nature of Wi-Fi signals, exact pinpointing of a location is challenging. However, many researches have attempted to improve exact positioning with the fundamentals of Wi-Fi fingerprinting, including the applications of various filters (Chiou et al., 2009; Jan et al, 2010; Yim et al., 2010). Commercial systems utilizes existing Wi-Fi networks, i.e. the Ekahau Real Time Location System (Ekahau, 2012).
Studies on Antiinflammatory Activity among a Series of Substituted lndan Acids. Part-III (1985)

Medicinal Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmacy, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032<br> <em>Manuscript received 20 February 1985, accepted 11 September 1985</em> Significant antiinflammatory activity observed among indan-1-acids coupled with their low toxicity prompted synthesis of some newer analogues with longer aliphatic chain or even branched chain structure to impart greater lipophilicity and better trans­port facility through biomembrane. Among the long chain compounds so synthesised, indan acetic acids and propionic acids showed better activity profile and maximum activity was observed in methoxy substituted acids.
Piperine inhibits cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2012)

Piperine, an amide isolated from Piper species (Piperaceae), has been reported to exhibit central nervous system depression, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity. Immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activity of piperine has been demonstrated in mouse carcinomas. However, there is little information available concerning the effect of piperine on humans. We evaluated the immunopharmacological activity of this compound in human immune cells. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to piperine, and cell proliferation was determined by the MTS assay. Piperine significantly inhibited phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human PBMC proliferation after exposure for 72 h. This compound inhibited PBMC activity, with an IC(50) of 100.73 ± 11.16 μg/mL. Production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was measured using an ELISA assay and RT-PCR. Piperine inhibited IL-2 and IFN-γ production in the PBMCs. RT-PCR data indicated that IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in PBMCs is suppressed by piperine. This compound significantly inhibited the production of these two cytokines by activated PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, piperine appears to have potential as an immunomodulatory agent for immune system suppression.
Immunochemical heterogeneity of human plasma apolipoprotein B. I. Apolipoprotein B binding of mouse hybridoma antibodies. (1982)

Apolipoprotein B obtained from each of the major density classes of human plasma lipoproteins was investigated immunochemically. Eleven different mouse hybridoma cell lines were generated and selected on the basis of their ability to secrete antibodies that were bound by either very low density or intermediate density lipoproteins. Two of these antibodies appeared to be specific for complex epitopes on apoprotein B, since they were bound by all apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, but not by apoprotein B after it had been delipidated and electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The remaining nine hybridoma antibodies were capable of binding to apoprotein B; and appeared to be specific for relatively simple epitopes that were expressed by denatured apoprotein B. The ability of these nine hybridoma antibodies to bind to the denatured apoprotein B species of plasma chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins was compared. The apoprotein B species were separated on the basis of their relative mobility in low percentage sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to nitrocellulose paper for reaction with antibody. These binding studies suggest that plasma apoprotein B represents a complex family of immunochemically heterogeneous but related apoprotein species. A schematic summary of the apoprotein B species distribution of epitopes identified by these hybridoma antibodies is presented.
Meat fat formulation (1985)

Abstract Edible usage of meat fats has somewhat declined over the past years. This can be attributed to several factors. First, the advancement of hydrogenation technology has led to the development of highly functional vegetable oil products. Second, there has been an increased emphasis on Kosher products. Third, various questions relating cholesterol to risks of heart disease have generated some marketing concerns over meat fat usage. Meat fats are still a factor in the edible oils market. U.S. consumption of meat fats in 1976 was 4.1 billion pounds, approximately one billion pounds for edible usage. Because of their trigly ceride profiles, they are excellent sources of highly functional products for bakery applications. They have tended to be the “Cadillac” around which hydrogenated vegetable oil products have been developed. In addition, the economics of these products have generated significant savings for end users. Flavor attributes of meat fats have, in other cases, been the reason for their sole usage in certain specific products. In shortening formulation, meat fats are merely one of many triglyceride sources. They can be blended with any vegetable oil source. They can be subjected to the same processing as other oils in order to modify physical chemical properties such as SFI, melting point, consistency and oxidative stability. This paper will discuss specific applications where lard and tallow contribute unique functionality. It will then discuss various modifications which can be employed to insure more consistent performance or to customize products to specific applications.
Alexis de Tocqueville, the modern democratic nation-state, and its competitors (2018)

This paper draws on Tocqueville’s Democracy in America to distinguish three different types of modern democracy—(i) the democratic nation-state, (ii) the post sovereign, multinational democracy, and (iii) the populist national democracy. The paper argues that all three have characteristic deficits—respectively, a security deficit, a democratic deficit, and a liberal deficit. The paper discusses the likely impact of Brexit and Trump on these forms of democracy in modern Europe. The paper concludes that while Trump—and more especially, “Trumpism”—poses a challenge to the European Union, Brexit presents an opportunity to demonstrate to its own citizens the benefits of this type of polity.
Cord blood IgE determination for allergy prediction--a follow-up to seven years of age in 1,651 children. (1984)

Among 1,651 children, 80.2% of those with high cord blood IgE concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.9 kU/l) developed atopic disease before six years of age. Only 3.5% of children with no atopic disease showed high neonatal IgE concentrations. Of children with early-developing and long-lasting symptoms, 93.7% showed high cord blood IgE concentrations.
Solution Processable Colloidal Nanoplates as Building Blocks for High-Performance Electronic Thin Films on Flexible Substrates (2014)

Low-temperature solution-processed electronic materials on plastic substrates are of considerable interest for flexible electronics. Solution dispersible inorganic nanostructures (e.g., zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots or one-dimensional (1D) nanowires) have emerged as interesting ink materials for low-temperature solution processing of electronic thin films on flexible substrates, but usually with limited performance due to the large number of grain boundaries (0D) or incomplete surface coverage (1D). Here, we report two-dimensional (2D) colloidal nanoplates of layered materials as a new ink material for solution assembly of high-performance electronic thin films. The 2D colloidal nanoplates exhibit few dangling bonds and represent an ideal geometry for the assembly of highly uniform continuous thin films with greatly reduced grain boundaries dictated by large-area conformal plane-plane contact with atomically flat/clean interfaces. It can therefore promise efficient charge transport across neighboring nanoplates and throughout the entire thin film to enable unprecedented electronic performance. We show that Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 nanoplates can be synthesized with well-controlled thickness (6-15 nm) and lateral dimension (0.5-3 μm) and can be used for the assembly of highly uniform continuous thin films with a full surface coverage and an excellent room temperature carrier mobility >100 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1), approaching that of chemical vapor deposition grown materials. Our study demonstrates a general strategy to using 2D nanoplates as a unique building block for the construction of high-performance electronic thin films on plastic substrates for future flexible electronics and optoelectronics.
Complementary MOS-bipolar structure (1968)

Medium and large scale integrated arrays employing complementary MOS transistors, are capable of driving low capacitive loads only. An n-p-n bipolar transistor with an isolated collector is needed when an integrated circuit is required to drive large capacitive loads without deterioration in the maximum operating frequency.
14-3-3 (Bmh) Proteins Regulate Combinatorial Transcription following RNA Polymerase II Recruitment by Binding at Adr1-Dependent Promoters in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2012)

Adr1 and Cat8 are nutrient-regulated transcription factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that coactivate genes necessary for growth in the absence of a fermentable carbon source. Transcriptional activation by Adr1 is dependent on the AMP-activated protein kinase Snf1 and is inhibited by binding of Bmh, yeast 14-3-3 proteins, to the phosphorylated Adr1 regulatory domain. We show here that Bmh inhibits transcription by binding to Adr1 at promoters that contain a preinitiation complex, demonstrating that Bmh-mediated inhibition is not due to nuclear exclusion, inhibition of DNA binding, or RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment. Adr1-dependent mRNA levels under repressing growth conditions are synergistically enhanced in a mutant lacking Bmh and the two major histone deacetylases (HDACs), suggesting that Bmh and HDACs inhibit gene expression independently. The synergism requires Snf1 and Adr1 but not Cat8. Inactivating Bmh or preventing it from binding to Adr1 suppresses the normal requirement for Cat8 at codependent promoters, suggesting that Bmh modulates combinatorial control of gene expression in addition to having an inhibitory role in transcription. Activating Snf1 by deleting Reg1, a Glc7 protein phosphatase regulatory subunit, is lethal in combination with defective Bmh in strain W303, suggesting that Bmh and Snf1 have opposing roles in an essential cellular process.
Mass Spectrometry for Chemists and Biochemists (1996)

This book describes the full range of mass spectrometry techniques and applications. This versatile technique is in ubiquitous use in universities and industry laboratories because of its ability to identify and quantify materials quickly and, if necessary, in minute amounts, and solve analytical problems in a huge variety of fields. The authors adopt an instructional approach and make use of recent examples to illustrate important points. This second edition includes new methods and applications that have developed in the last ten years. Powerful methods combining mass spectrometry with newer separation techniques, the increased use of computers, and analysis of once difficult polar and large-mass compounds such as proteins using new ionisation methods are all discussed. Requiring no previous knowledge of mass spectrometry, this is an ideal teaching text at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, and will also be of considerable interest to research workers.
Xenobiotic Metabolism: An Overview (2001)

The human body is continuously and unavoidably exposed to a myriad of structurally diverse chemicals, both natural and synthetic. It cannot exploit these beneficially, and recognises them as being foreign and potentially deleterious; the immediate response is to eliminate them. Due to the lipophilic character of these chemicals, excretion is inefficient and thus the body must render them hydrophilic. Consequently, it has developed a number of enzyme systems adept at metabolically converting lipophilic chemicals to hydrophilic metabolites, a process that occurs in two phases. It is unlikely that the human body could withstand the constant onslaught of chemicals, which would otherwise accumulate, if these enzyme systems were unavailable to ensure their elimination. A paradox is that xenobiotic metabolism may also generate intracellularly reactive metabolites that readily and irreversibly interact with vital macromolecules to provoke various types of toxicity; thus, in this case, metabolism confers to the chemical adverse biological activity.
Nanoimprint Mold for 2.5 Tbit/in.<sup>2</sup> Directed Self-Assembly Bit Patterned Media with Phase Servo Pattern (2012)

We demonstrate the mold fabrication and replication process for the production of 0.8 and 2.5 Tbit/in. 2 directed self-assembly bit patterned media (DSA-BPM). These devices are fabricated with 33 and 17 nm dot pitch patterns using the microphase segregation structure of polystyrene–poly(dimethylsiloxane) as an etching mask template. The self-assembled dot arrays are simultaneously ordered on both the circular tracks for the data area and the arbitrary marks for the servo area by DSA using groove guides. We fabricated the Si mold with dot pillars of 19.3 nm height for the 2.5 Tbit/in. 2 DSA-BPM from the poly(dimethylsiloxane) dot mask. We also demonstrated the nickel mold replication of the 0.8 Tbit/in. 2 DSA-BPM by electroforming from the Si mold.
Multichannel nonnegative tensor factorization with structured constraints for user-guided audio source separation (2011)

Separating multiple tracks from professionally produced music recordings (PPMRs) is still a challenging problem. We address this task with a user-guided approach in which the separation system is provided segmental information indicating the time activations of the particular instruments to separate. This information may typically be retrieved from manual annotation. We use a so-called multichannel nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) model, in which the original sources are observed through a multichannel convolutive mixture and in which the source power spectrograms are jointly modeled by a 3-valence (time/frequency/source) tensor. Our user-guided separation method produced competitive results at the 2010 Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign, with sufficient quality for real-world music editing applications.
Access Authentication to IMS Systems in Next Generation Networks (2007)

IP multimedia system (IMS) access authentication over fixed networks faces some challenges in the process of converging fixed and mobile networks. Authentication in 3GPP IMS system is bound to lower layer authentication mechanisms, hence the used protocols can not be used directly for the NGN fixed network environment. Therefore different mechanisms were proposed in standardization, we will outline the approaches and their integration into the 3GPP IMS system.
Recent MTI experiments using ARL's synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) radar (2008)

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently developed the ground-based synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) radar - a low-frequency radar capable of exploiting both a real antenna array and along-track integration techniques to increase the quality of processed imagery. We have already demonstrated the system's utility by imaging static scenes. In this paper we address the moving target indication (MTI) problem, and we demonstrate the impulse-based system's ability to both detect and locate slowly moving targets. We begin by briefly describing the SIRE system itself as well as the system configuration utilized in collecting the MTI data. Next we discuss the signal processing techniques employed to create the final MTI image. Finally, we present processed imagery illustrating the utility of the proposed method.