gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of ARMA predictors in the differential encoding of images (1988)

Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) has long been a popular method of data compression for speech. It has not been as popular for images, partly because of its poor edge performance. This is true even for adaptive DPCM (ADPCM). A paper by J.D. Gibson (IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol.ASSP-33, p.1166 (1985)) provides a clue to the reason for this shortcoming. His analysis is used to motivate the design of backward adaptive ARMA (autoregressive moving-average) predictors for use in differential encoding of images. Simulations using these predictors validate the approach as these systems show significant objective gains as well as noticeable subjective improvements in the edge performance. An added advantage to using this approach is the improvement in noisy-channel performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Properties of C3′-Epimeric Lesions of 2′-Deoxyribonucleosides in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cells (2017)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting from endogenous metabolism and/or environmental exposure, can induce damage to the 2-deoxyribose moiety in DNA. Specifically, a hydrogen atom from each of the five carbon atoms in 2-deoxyribose can be abstracted by hydroxyl radical, and improper chemical repair of the ensuing radicals formed at the C1', C3', and C4' positions can lead to the stereochemical inversion at these sites to yield epimeric 2-deoxyribose lesions. Although ROS-induced single-nucleobase lesions have been well studied, the biological consequences of the C3'-epimeric lesions of 2'-deoxynucleosides, i.e., 2'-deoxyxylonucleosides (dxN), have not been comprehensively investigated. Herein, we assessed the impact of dxN lesions on the efficiency and fidelity of DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells by conducting a competitive replication and adduct bypass assay with single-stranded M13 phage containing a site-specifically incorporated dxN. Our results revealed that, of the four dxN lesions, only dxG constituted a strong impediment to DNA replication, and intriguingly, dxT and dxC conferred replication bypass efficiencies higher than those of the unmodified counterparts. In addition, the three SOS-induced DNA polymerases (Pol II, Pol IV, and Pol V) did not play any appreciable role in bypassing these lesions. Among the four dxNs, only dxA directed a moderate frequency of dCMP misincorporation. These results provided important insights into the impact of the C3'-epimeric lesions on DNA replication in E. coli cells.
Producing the High Achiever: Hobbes and Power (1998)

It does sound strange to say that the most powerful understanding of human power is that we are ‘master neither of time nor the future’ (Gadamer, 1975: 320). According to Gadamer, this is an insight into power which brought forth tragedy as an art form, the art form which makes the experience (of finiteness) of the most powerful both available to and exemplary for all humanity. This insight acknowledges or recognizes the essential finiteness of human power and knowledge, but (by virtue of the Socratic tradition) sees the need for a sense of potency developed through the interrelation between the human capacity for self-understanding (in relation to limits) and the life of moral action (‘seeing particular situations in their true light in line with a general grasp of what it is to be a complete human being, and to live a proper human life’). This understanding therefore combines the recognition of essential limits with an ambitious sense of developing the capacity of seeing/understanding a collective and collecting good. It is an understanding which, in the terms of Plato’s Republic, sees power and the love of wisdom as realizing themselves in relation to each other.
Estimating the Public Health Impact of Setting Targets at the European Level for the Reduction of Zoonotic Salmonella in Certain Poultry Populations (2013)

In the European Union (EU), targets are being set for the reduction of certain zoonotic Salmonella serovars in different animal populations, including poultry populations, within the framework of Regulation (EC) No. 2160/2003 on the control of zoonoses. For a three-year transitional period, the EU targets were to cover only Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium (and in addition S. Hadar, S. Infantis and S. Virchow for breeding flocks of Gallus gallus). Before the end of that transitional period, the revision of the EU targets was to be considered, including the potentially addition of other serovars with public health significance to the permanent EU targets. This review article aims at providing an overview of the assessments carried out by the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards of the European Food Safety Authority in the field of setting targets for Salmonella in poultry populations (breeding flocks of Gallus gallus, laying flocks of Gallus gallus, broiler flocks of Gallus gallus and flocks of breeding and fattening turkeys) and their impact in subsequent changes in EU legislation.
Hermitamides A and B, Toxic Malyngamide-Type Natural Products from the Marine Cyanobacterium <i>Lyngbya majuscula</i> (2000)

A Papua New Guinea collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula yielded two new and toxic natural products, hermitamides A (1) and B (2). The hermitamides were isolated using a brine shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity assay. Planar chemical structures of 1 and 2 were established through 1D and 2D NMR, as well as FABMS data. Semisyntheses of hermitamides A (1) and B (2) were achieved by coupling the acid chloride derivative of 7(S)-methoxytetradec-4(E)-enoic acid (4), obtained from the same cyanobacterium collection, and the respective free amines, phenethylamine and tryptamine. Hermitamides A (1) and B (2) exhibited LD(50) values of 5 microM and 18 microM in the brine shrimp bioassay, and an IC(50) values of 2.2 microM and 5.5 microM to Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture, respectively. Hermitamide A was mildly ichthyotoxic to goldfish, with an LD(50) value of 19 microM, while hermitamide B was inactive at 25 microM.
Memory CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells are gatekeepers of the lymph node draining the site of viral infection (2007)

It is uncertain how immunity protects against systemic viral diseases. Here, we demonstrate that in the absence of persistent virus, not only antibodies but also recall responses by long-lived memory CD8(+) T cells prevent mousepox, a disease caused by ectromelia virus, a close relative of the virus of human smallpox. Moreover, we show that to protect, recall CD8(+) T cells directly kill targets in the lymph node draining the primary site of infection thus curbing systemic viral spread. Therefore, our work provides the basis for a model where lymph nodes are not just organs where lymphocytes become activated and proliferate but also the sites where a major fight against virus spread takes place.
Smoking in the Workplace (1989)

As the health risks of tobacco use have become better known, smoking in the workplace has become a policy issue Employers need to be informed about recent developments and what actions may be taken to restrict smoking in the workplace This article discusses legislative and administrative restrictions on smoking in the workplace, the rights of nonsmokers in the workplace, and the rights and responsibilities of employers
Amino group protection in peptide synthesis. 4,5-Diphenyl-4-oxazolin-2-one group (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino group protection in peptide synthesis. 4,5-Diphenyl-4-oxazolin-2-one groupJohn C. Sheehan and Frank S. Guziec Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 17, 3034–3040Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00957a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00957a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Results of a comparative study of low energy direct current with radiofrequency ablation in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. (1993)

Both new power sources successfully ablated accessory pathways, (overall success rate 94% (113/120 patients)). Radiofrequency ablation, however, did not require general anaesthesia and was associated with a significantly lower rate of recurrence of accessory pathway conduction. Therefore radiofrequency should be used initially for ablation. Low energy direct current may be most useful as a back-up in patients in whom radiofrequency ablation fails.
Chromatin Higher-order Structure and Dynamics (2010)

The primary role of the nucleus as an information storage, retrieval, and replication site requires the physical organization and compaction of meters of DNA. Although it has been clear for many years that nucleosomes constitute the first level of chromatin compaction, this contributes a relatively small fraction of the condensation needed to fit the typical genome into an interphase nucleus or set of metaphase chromosomes, indicating that there are additional "higher order" levels of chromatin condensation. Identifying these levels, their interrelationships, and the principles that govern their occurrence has been a challenging and much discussed problem. In this article, we focus on recent experimental advances and the emerging evidence indicating that structural plasticity and chromatin dynamics play dominant roles in genome organization. We also discuss novel approaches likely to yield important insights in the near future, and suggest research areas that merit further study.
A software defect report and tracking system in an intranet (1999)

Describes a case study where SofTrack (a software defect reporting and tracking system) was implemented using Internet technology in a geographically distributed organization. Four medium- to large-sized information systems with different levels of maturity are being analysed within the scope of this project. They belong to the Portuguese Navy's Information Systems Infrastructure and were developed using a typical legacy systems technology: COBOL with embedded SQL for queries in a relational database environment. This empirical software engineering pilot project has allowed the development of several techniques to help software managers to better understand, control and ultimately improve the software process. Among them are: the introduction of automatic system documentation, module complexity assessment, and effort estimation for software maintenance activities in the organization.
Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3) Noncoding Ribonucleic Acid: Isoform Structure, Expression, and Functions (2009)

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is an imprinted gene highly expressed in the human pituitary. However, MEG3 expression is lost in human gonadotroph-derived pituitary adenomas and most human tumor cell lines. Expression of MEG3 in tumor cells results in growth suppression, p53 protein increase, and activation of p53 downstream targets. The MEG3 gene encodes a noncoding RNA of approximately 1700 nucleotides. There are 12 different MEG3 gene transcripts, generated by alternative splicing. They contain the common exons 1-3 and exons 8-10, but each uses one or more exons 4-7 in a different combination in the middle. MEG3 isoform expression patterns are tissue and cell type specific. Functionally, each isoform stimulates p53-mediated transactivation and suppresses tumor cell growth. We analyzed the secondary RNA folding structure of each MEG3 isoform, using the computer program mfold. All MEG3 RNA isoforms contain three distinct secondary folding motifs M1, M2, and M3. Deletion analysis showed that motifs M2 and M3 are important for p53 activation. Furthermore, a hybrid MEG3 RNA, containing a piece of artificially synthesized sequence different from the wild type but folding into a similar secondary structure, retained the functions of both p53 activation and growth suppression. These results support the hypothesis that a proper folding structure of the MEG3 RNA molecule is critical for its biological functions. This study establishes for the first time the structure-function relationship of a large noncoding RNA and provides a first look into the molecular mechanisms of the biological functions of a large noncoding RNA.
Memory (1941)

SECTION 3, Part i, Of the ideas of memory and imagination, has to be read along with Section 5, Part iii, Of the impressions of the senses and memory. ‘ Force and liveliness ’, ‘ force and vivacity ’ are employed as in the opening Section of the Treatise; and Hume accordingly is again at his game of hide and seek with his readers.
Fabrication of porous alumina on quartz crystal microbalances (2007)

Nanoporous alumina structures were fabricated on quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) by electrochemically anodizing aluminum electrodes which had a typical thickness of 13μm. By varying the temperature and voltage of anodization, the diameter of the cylindrical pores could be controlled in the range of 12–40nm. Properties of the porous films were determined from scanning electron microscopy images and by analyzing isotherms of nitrogen, propane, and water. The isotherms showed signatures of capillary condensation and hysteresis. The mass sensitivity of the QCMs with porous alumina electrodes was increased by a factor of up to 120 compared to conventional QCMs with flat electrodes. Measurements at atmospheric pressure and room temperature in which the relative humidity was varied showed that QCMs with porous alumina electrodes are very sensitive to the partial pressure of water, and can be used as humidity sensors.
[Direct and indirect recognition in pig-to-man xenotransplantation]. (1999)

The results suggest that the degree of MHC matching still affect the rejection in xenotransplantation, but the present serum assay of MHC matching is not fit for pig.
Ge profile from the growth of SiGe buried layers by molecular beam epitaxy (1992)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were obtained and interpreted by a kinetic simulation to determine the germanium concentration profile of thin Si/SiGe heterostructures grown at 500 °C using elemental source molecular beam epitaxy. The primary finding is that there are significant segregation effects in these commonly grown structures which affect both the ‘‘leading’’ and ‘‘trailing’’ interfaces. Upon opening of the germanium shutter, the surface monolayer must be built up to a germanium composition of greater than 96% before the composition of the deposited alloy layer is equal to the flux composition for a Ge ratio of 0.3. This buildup causes the germanium depletion at the leading interface. Upon termination of the germanium flux, the incorporation of the germanium rich monolayer into the growing silicon cap layer causes a corresponding degradation of the trailing interface.
Relative contribution of CD2 and LFA-1 to murine T and natural killer cell functions. (1990)

We have examined the functional property of murine CD2 as an intercellular adhesion molecule by using five anti-murine CD2 mAb which were classified into two groups according to their mutual competition in binding to cell surface CD2. Hamster fibroblasts transfected with murine CD2 cDNA exhibited increased conjugate formation with a murine mastocytoma P815 which expresses the putative murine LFA-3 mRNA detected by cross-hybridization with human LFA-3 cDNA under conditions of low stringency. This increase in conjugate formation was abrogated by both groups of anti-CD2 mAb, although some differences in the extent of inhibition were observed at lower concentrations of the mAb. We then examined the involvement of CD2 in several murine T cell responses by using these mAb to abrogate CD2-mediated cellular interactions. Anti-CD2 mAb significantly inhibited mitogenic T cell responses induced by suboptimal doses of Con A and PHA. In the allogenic MLR response and in the Ag response of two KLH/I-Ak-specific Th cell clones, the inhibitory effect of anti-CD2 mAb was also greatest under suboptimal conditions, i.e., with lesser doses of the Ag. These results indicate that the contribution of CD2 as an accessory molecule is variable, depending on the Ag dose used for stimulation, and they suggest that CD2 is involved in the Ag response of murine T cells under the physiologic conditions where only a limited amount of Ag is available. We next examined the contribution of CD2 to MHC-restricted cytotoxicity by CTL and to MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity by NK and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Only a marginal inhibition by anti-CD2 mAb alone was observed. Anti-lymphocyte function-associated Ag (LFA)-1 mAb alone exhibited greater inhibitory effects than anti-CD2 mAb in all of the cases tested. In most cases, however, substantial levels of cytotoxicity remained, even in the presence of both anti-CD2 and anti-LFA-1 mAb. These results indicate a minor contribution of CD2, as compared with LFA-1, to cytotoxicity by murine CTL, NK cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells, and they reveal the presence of undefined cellular interaction pathways other than those mediated by CD2 and LFA-1.
Vision-controlled robotic tracking and acquisition (2002)

A vision-controlled robot conveyor tracking system is presented here. The vision system utilizes a constant in-time sensing field. In its normal mode of operation, this system takes a picture, analyses the image, recognises the object, extracts position information from it. Utilising this information along with the velocity information from the conveyor belt, the robot maneuvers to track and grasp the recognised object.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND) (2007)

Riluzole 100 mg daily is reasonably safe and probably prolongs median survival by about two to three months in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Diversity and censoring of landscape phage libraries (2008)

Libraries of random peptides displayed on the surface of filamentous phages are a valuable source for biospecific ligands. However, their successful use can be hindered by a disproportionate representation of different phage clones and fluctuation of their composition that arises during phage reproduction, which have potential to affect efficiency of selection of clones with an optimal binding. Therefore, there is a need to develop phage display libraries with extended and varied repertoires of displayed peptides. In this work, we compared the complexity, evolution and representation of two phage display libraries displaying foreign octamers and nonamers in 4000 copies as the N-terminal part of the major coat protein pVIII of phage fd-tet (landscape libraries). They were obtained by replacement of amino acids 2-4 and 2-5 of pVIII with random octa- and nonamers, respectively. Statistical analysis of the libraries revealed their dramatic censoring and evolution during amplification. Further, a survey of both libraries for clones that bind common selectors revealed the presence of different non-overlapping families of target-specific clones in each library justifying the concept that different landscape libraries cover different areas of a sequence space.
[Clinical and immunological features of the course of tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection]. (2005)

The clinical and immunological features of the course of tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection were studied in 109 patients. Thirty-eight patients were found to have active tuberculosis to HIV infection; 22 patients were diagnosed to have HIV infection and tuberculosis, and 49 patients developed tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection. The most acute course of the disease with severe infection-toxic and asthenovegetative syndromes was observed in patients with simultaneous detection of HIV infection and tuberculosis, and, when tuberculosis joins as a secondary disease in the presence of HIV infection, the bronchopulmonary syndrome, body weight loss, lymphoadenopathy, and skin lesion were pronounced at most. The most severe clinical forms of tuberculosis were observed in a group where tuberculosis manifested itself as an opportunistic disease in the presence of moderate and severe immunodeficiency.
The complete primary structure of type XII collagen shows a chimeric molecule with reiterated fibronectin type III motifs, von Willebrand factor A motifs, a domain homologous to a noncollagenous region of type IX collagen, and short collagenous domains with an Arg-Gly-Asp site. (1991)

Extracellular matrix molecules are generally categorized as collagens, elastin, proteoglycans, or other noncollagenous structural/cell interaction proteins. Many of these extracellular proteins contain distinctive repetitive modules, which can sometimes be found in other proteins. We describe the complete primary structure of an alpha 1 chain of type XII collagen from chick embryonic fibroblasts. This large, structurally chimeric molecule identified by cDNA analysis combines previously unrelated molecular domains into a single large protein 3,124 residues long (approximately 340 kD). The deduced chicken type XII collagen sequence starts at the amino terminus with one unit of the type III motif of fibronectin, which is followed by one unit homologous to the von Willebrand factor A domain, then one more fibronectin type III module, a second A domain from von Willebrand factor, 6 units of type III motif and a third A domain, 10 consecutive units of type III motif and a fourth A domain, a domain homologous to the NC4 domain peptide of type IX collagen, and finally two short collagenous regions previously described as part of the partially sequenced collagen type XII molecule; an Arg-Gly-Asp potential cell adhesive recognition sequence is present in a hydrophilic region at the terminus of one collagenous domain. Antibodies raised to type XII collagen synthesized in a bacterial expression system recognized not only previously reported bands (220 kD et cetera) in tendons, but also bands with apparently different molecular sizes in fibroblasts and 4-d embryos. The antibodies stained a wide variety of extracellular matrices in embryos in patterns distinct from those of fibronectin or interstitial collagens. They prominently stained extracellular matrix associated with certain neuronal tissues, such as axons from dorsal root ganglia and neural tube. These studies identify a novel chimeric type of molecule that contains both adhesion molecule and collagen motifs in one protein. Its structure blurs current classification schemes for extracellular proteins and underscores the potentially large diversity possible in these molecules.