gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naphthyridine chemistry. XIV. Meisenheimer reaction of the 1,X-naphthyridine 1-oxides (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNaphthyridine chemistry. XIV. Meisenheimer reaction of the 1,X-naphthyridine 1-oxidesDavid J. Pokorny and William W. PaudlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 20, 3101–3105Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00985a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00985a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mobilized peripheral blood SSC<sup>lo</sup>ALDH<sup>br</sup> cells have the phenotypic and functional properties of primitive haematopoietic cells and their number correlates with engraftment following autologous transplantation (2003)

We have developed an approach for identifying primitive mobilized peripheral blood cells (PBSC) that express high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). PBSC were stained with a fluorescent ALDH substrate, termed BODIPY trade mark -aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA), and then analysed using flow cytometry. A population of cells with a low side scatter (SSC) and a high level of BAAA staining, termed the SSCloALDHbr population, was readily discriminated and comprised a mean of 3 +/- 5% of leukapheresis samples. A mean of 73 +/- 11% of the SSCloALDHbr population expressed CD34 and 56 +/- 25% of all the mobilized CD34+ cells resided within the SSCloALDHbr population. The SSCloALDHbr population was largely depleted of cells with mature phenotypes and enriched for cells with immature phenotypes. Sorted SSCloALDHbr and SSCloALDHbr CD34+ PBSC were enriched for progenitors with the ability to (1) generate colony-forming units (CFU) and long-term culture (LTC)-derived CFU, (2) expand in primary and secondary LTC, and (3) generate multiple cell lineages. In 21 cancer patients who had undergone autologous PBSC transplantation, the number of infused SSCloALDHbr cells/kg highly correlated with the time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment (P < 0.015 and P < 0.003 respectively). In summary, peripheral blood SSCloALDHbr cells have the phenotypic and functional properties of primitive haematopoietic cells and their number correlates with engraftment following autologous transplantation.
Preparation and rearrangement of trans-3-(allyloxy)acrylic acids: a Claisen sequence that avoids mercury catalysis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and rearrangement of trans-3-(allyloxy)acrylic acids: a Claisen sequence that avoids mercury catalysisGeorge Buechi and Dennis E. VogelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 26, 5406–5408Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00174a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00174a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views618Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (1996)

Production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is widespread among bacteria that inhabit the rhizosphere of plants. Several different IAA biosynthesis pathways are used by these bacteria, with a single bacterial strain sometimes containing more than one pathway. The level of expression of IAA depends on the biosynthesis pathway; the location of the genes involved, either on chromosomal or plasmid DNA, and their regulatory sequences; and the presence of enzymes that can convert active, free IAA into an inactive, conjugated form. The role of bacterial IAA in the stimulation of plant growth and phytopathogenesis is considered.
An Algorithm for Matching of Distorted Waveforms Using a Scale-Based Description. (1988)

ARSTRACT This paper proposes a matching algorithm for two In the process of visually matching two mutually-distorted waveforms, each having partial mutuallyaistorted waveforms, we first try to detect major differences in the hierarchical structure of its scale-space. corresponding points between them by observing their &apos;I&apos;his algorithm is applied to matching of two-dimensional roc,gh outlines, Then, we look for,nore detailed shapes and to pattern-width measurement of semiconductor corresponding points from every division of the waveforms chip patterns obtained from a scanning electron microscope between the major points. This suggests that the human (SEM). observer usually matches corresponding portions of the waveforms by observing them a t different resolutionsor BASIC CONCEPT viewscales. The matching algorithm orowsed in this oaoer models this human matching p;ocbss for disioried waveforms, by using a scale-based description. The algorithm is composed of two main parts; one is the method of matching each characteristic point of two waveforms a t a certain scale factor, and the other is the methodof controlling the matching, by which each waveformis divided into smaller portions a t decreasing scale factors until the matching succeeds. The algorithm is also applied to matching of two-dimensional distorted shapes and to pattern-width measurement of semiconductor chip patterns obtained from a scanning electron microscope. The generality and practicability of this algorithm are confirmed through these experiments.
Single-step electrochemical machining of complex nanostructures with ultrashort voltage pulses (2003)

We show that complex patterns including three-dimensional structures, lines, curved features, and arrays can be machined in substrates in single-step processing without the need for rastering. High-aspect-ratio nanometer accurate features were machined in nickel using ultrashort voltage pulse electrochemical machining. Experiments were conducted with two different tool shapes. The first was a combination of rectangles, squares, and a half circle; the second was a 2×2 array. The effect of pulse duration and electrolyte concentration on feature resolution was studied. Structures with 90 nm widths were made by applying 2 ns voltage pulses.
Au Growth on Semiconductor Nanorods: Photoinduced versus Thermal Growth Mechanisms (2009)

Gold growth on CdS nanorods and on seeded CdSe/CdS nanorods with and without illumination at different temperatures was studied. Two competing mechanisms were identified: thermal and light-induced growth. The thermal mechanism leads to growth of small gold particles at defects along the rod body and can be suppressed at lower temperatures. This control is attributed to a phase transition of the alkyl chains of the surface amine ligands to a static phase at lower temperatures, blocking the Au precursor's access to the nanorod surfaces. While a long-chain (C18) amine shows effective blocking at 293 K, a shorter chain (C12) amine shows the same result only at 273 K; however, in the case of a bulky trialkylamine, defect growth was observed even at 273 K. Light-induced growth leads to selective deposition of gold on one end of the rods. The tip was shown to grow on sulfur-rich facets of the nanorod, producing end-on and angled tip orientations. Growth under illumination with decreased temperature provides a highly selective synthesis of hybrid semiconductor nanorods with a single gold tip. Such anisotropic semiconductor-metal hybrids are of interest for self-assembly and photocatalysis and as building blocks in optoelectronic devices.
Carbon Dioxide Separation through Polymeric Membrane Systems for Flue Gas Applications (2010)

The capture and storage of carbon dioxide has been identified as one potential solution to greenhouse gas driven climate change. Efficient separation technologies are required for removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams to allow this solution to be widely implemented. A developing technology is membrane gas separation, which is more compact, energy efficient and possibly more economical than mature technologies, such as solvent absorption. This review examines the recent patented developments in polymeric based membranes designed for carbon dioxide separation from mixed-gas systems. Initially, the background to polymeric membrane separation is provided, with an overview of past polymeric designs. This is followed by a discussion on the current state of the art; in particular developments in mixed matrix polymeric membranes and facilitated transport polymeric membranes for improved carbon dioxide permeation and selectivity. Recent developments in other membrane types, carbon and inorganic, are reviewed for comparison purposes with polymeric developments. Finally, a brief comment on the future directions of polymeric membrane gas separation technologies is provided.
Synthetic CT: Simulating low dose single and dual energy protocols from a dual energy scan (2011)

This work describes and validates the synthetic CT theory and algorithm by comparing its results to actual scans. Synthetic CT is a powerful new tool that allows users to realistically see how protocol selection affects CT images and enables radiologists to retrospectively identify the lowest dose protocol achievable that provides diagnostic quality images on real patients.
Correlation of effects of inhaled versus intratracheally injected males on susceptibility to respiratory infection in mice. (1981)

Effects of intratracheally administered air pollutant chemicals on susceptibility of mice to infection by aerosolized bacteria were compared with effects of the same chemical previously studied by the inhalation route. Out of 22 compounds previously studied by inhalation, the same 3 (CdSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4) that caused significantly increased mortality because of infection after a 3-h exposure to 1 to 2 mg/m3 showed large (greater than or equal to 40% over sham injected) mortality increases when administered by intratracheal injection at lung concentrations calculated to be equivalent to those achieved during inhalation exposures (0.6 to 1.2 microgram). Dose-effect curves of these compounds were similar by the 2 routes. Five of the compounds caused a moderate (20 to 30%) enhancement in the mean excess mortality at concentrations of 2 to 3 microgram/animal. The remaining compounds, which showed no significant effect by inhalation, also showed no effect when given by intratracheal injection. Thus, similar effects on susceptibility to lung bacterial infection were seen whether chemicals were deposited in te lung by inhalation or by intratracheal injection.
Alcohol Consumption and Intimate Partner Violence by Alcoholic Men: Comparing Violent and Nonviolent Conflicts. (2005)

Alcoholic men and their relationship partners were interviewed about a conflict in which physical assault occurred and 1 in which psychological aggression occurred without physical assault. The interview assessed the quantity of alcohol consumed prior to each conflict, other drug use, and the topics, location, timing, duration, and speed of escalation for each conflict. The number of standard drinks consumed by the husband in the previous 12 hr was significantly higher prior to violent versus nonviolent conflicts for both self- and collateral reports, as was blood alcohol concentration estimated from self-report. Other drug use was not significantly different. Greater drinking by wives prior to violent conflicts was found in some analyses. These within-subject comparisons help to rule out individual difference explanations for the alcohol-violence association and indicate that alcohol consumption is a proximal risk factor for partner violence in alcoholic men.
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Large Open‐Circuit Voltage: Electron Transfer with Small Donor‐Acceptor Energy Offset (2011)

Photoinduced electron transfer is observed in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells with very small interfacial energy offset. The results imply that open circuit voltage values close to the band gap of the semiconducting polymer should be possible for polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells just as for inorganic solar cells.
Endothelial Lipase Concentrations Are Increased in Metabolic Syndrome and Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis (2005)

We report, to our knowledge for the first time, that human plasma EL concentrations, in both post-heparin and routine pre-heparin plasma, are significantly associated with metabolic syndrome features and with subclinical atherosclerosis. EL may be a pro-atherogenic factor in humans, especially in overweight individuals and those with metabolic syndrome.
Action and Intention Recognition of Pedestrians in Urban Traffic (2018)

Action and intention recognition of pedestrians in urban settings are challenging problems for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems as well as future autonomous vehicles to maintain smooth and safe traffic. This work investigates a number of feature extraction methods in combination with several machine learning algorithms to build knowledge on how to automatically detect the action and intention of pedestrians in urban traffic. We focus on the motion and head orientation to predict whether the pedestrian is about to cross the street or not. The work is based on the Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving (JAAD) dataset, which contains 346 videoclips of various traffic scenarios captured with cameras mounted in the windshield of a car. An accuracy of 72% for head orientation estimation and 85% for motion detection is obtained in our experiments.
Single-mode high-power lasers emitting at 980 nm (1995)

The fabrication and performance characteristics of InGaAs/GaAsInGaP strained quantum well lasers are described. Lasers with low threshold current, high output power and excellent reliability have been fabricated. In<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.8</SUB>As/GaAs lasers emitting near 1 micrometers are useful as pump sources for erbium doped optical fiber amplifiers.
Passive Optical Network Approach to Gigahertz-Clocked Multiuser Quantum Key Distribution (2007)

We present the application of quantum key distribution (QKD) technologies to fiber-based broad-band passive optical access networks. This application is based on our 850-nm wavelength gigahertz clock-rate single-receiver system, is compatible with existing telecommunications fiber and exploits a wavelength band not currently utilized in access networks. The developed QKD networks are capable of transmitting over distances consistent with the span of access links for metropolitan networks (10 km), at clock frequencies ranging up to 3 GHz
Increased circulating pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with cirrhosis: relation to cardiovascular dysfunction and severity of disease (2003)

Elevated circulating levels of proBNP and BNP in patients with cirrhosis most likely reflects increased cardiac ventricular generation of these peptides and thus indicates the presence of cardiac dysfunction, rather than being caused by the hyperdynamic circulatory changes found in these patients.
TGF-β synergizes with defects in the Hippo pathway to stimulate human malignant mesothelioma growth (2012)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an incurable malignancy that is caused by exposure to asbestos and is accompanied by severe fibrosis. Because MM is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and clinical identification of early lesions is difficult, its molecular pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. Nearly 75% of MM cases have inactivating mutations in the NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2; Merlin) gene or in downstream signaling molecules of the Hippo signaling cascade, which negatively regulates the transcription factor Yes-associated protein (YAP). In this study, we demonstrate a functional interaction between the Hippo and TGF-β pathways in regulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Expression of CTGF in MM cells was induced by the formation of a YAP-TEAD4-Smad3-p300 complex on the CTGF promoter. Knocking down CTGF expression in MM cells prolonged the survival of xenografted mice, and a significant association was seen between CTGF expression and extracellular matrix deposition in MM xenografts and in patient tissue specimens. We further suggest that CTGF may influence the malignancy of mesothelioma because of the different histological expression patterns observed in human MM tissues. These data suggest that CTGF is an important modulator of MM growth and pathology and represents a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
Pushing the EL envelope (2005)

Recently, it has been shown that the small description logic (DL) EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions, has better algorithmic properties than its counterpart FL0, which allows for conjunction and value restrictions. Whereas the subsumption problem in FL0 becomes already intractable in the presence of acyclic TBoxes, it remains tractable in EL even with general concept inclusion axioms (GCIs). On the one hand, we extend the positive result for EL by identifying a set of expressive means that can be added to EL without sacrificing tractability. On the other hand, we show that basically all other additions of typical DL constructors to EL with GCIs make subsumption intractable, and in most cases even EXPTIMEcomplete. In addition, we show that subsumption in FL0 with GCIs is EXPTIME-complete.
College has found strong demand for training programmes (1996)

EDITOR,—As Chris Bulstrode and Gareth Holsgrove emphasise, consultant surgeons need to be educated in the principles and methods of teaching while undertaking clinical work.1 Indeed, it is important that they are educated in these principles and methods so that they can apply them to any educational opportunity and thereby maximise the efficiency of their teaching.

At the Royal College of Surgeons of England we have been running a …
A 45 ns fully static 16K MOS ROM (1981)

Describes a fully static high speed 16 384 bit read only memory (ROM), designed and fabricated by using scaled MOS processing and innovative circuit techniques. Specially designed decoder structures and sense amplifiers enable address accessing in less than 45 ns typically. Extensive use of small signal amplification and 0 volt threshold devices reduce active power to a mere 70 mA, and when the power down option is chosen standby currents reduce to only 15 mA typically. Together with quick turnaround (contact mask programmability), and small die size (20.3K mil/SUP 2/), this ROM provides a low power, low cost alternative to bipolar PROMs.
Activin enhances skin tumourigenesis and malignant progression by inducing a pro-tumourigenic immune cell response (2011)

Activin is an important orchestrator of wound repair, but its potential role in skin carcinogenesis has not been addressed. Here we show using different types of genetically modified mice that enhanced levels of activin in the skin promote skin tumour formation and their malignant progression through induction of a pro-tumourigenic microenvironment. This includes accumulation of tumour-promoting Langerhans cells and regulatory T cells in the epidermis. Furthermore, activin inhibits proliferation of tumour-suppressive epidermal γδ T cells, resulting in their progressive loss during tumour promotion. An increase in activin expression was also found in human cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas when compared with control tissue. These findings highlight the parallels between wound healing and cancer, and suggest inhibition of activin action as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers overexpressing this factor.
Genomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis OH 131.1 and co-culturing with Cryptococcus flavescens for control of Fusarium head blight (2015)

Bacillus subtilis OH 131.1 is a bacterial antagonist of Fusarium graminearum, a plant pathogen which causes Fusarium head blight in wheat. The genome of B. subtilis OH 131.1 was sequenced, annotated and analyzed to understand its potential to produce bioactive metabolites. The analysis identified 6 synthetic clusters for metabolites that could impact biocontrol efficacy. Five of the clusters were confirmed functional with HPLC–MS/MS of the culture supernatant. The analysis also provided the data to determine the phylogeny of the subject strain. The phylogeny results characterize the strain as B. subtilis subsp. subtilis. Comparative genomics was used to compare the genome of B. subtilis OH 131.1 with closely related strains. Previously, the culture supernatant of B. subtilis OH 131.1 showed no antifungal activity, which suggested that it may be a suitable candidate to combine with a yeast antagonist (Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9) of Fusarium head blight for possible enhanced biocontrol efficacy. Co-cultures of B. subtilis OH 131.1 and C. flavescens OH 182.9 were produced with varying ratios of the starting inoculum of the two strains. The strains alone and the various ratios were evaluated for biocontrol activity in greenhouse assays. Co-cultures of B. subtilis OH 131.1 and C. flavescens OH 182.9 initially inoculated at a ratio of 1:100 or 1:10, respectively, were the most effective in reducing disease symptoms compared to the control. The most effective co-cultures were not statistically more efficacious than individual strains. This study reports the first co-culturing of bacterial and yeast biocontrol antagonists and their efficacy in greenhouse assays.