gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Benign Synthesis of H‐Phosphinic Acids Using a Water‐Tolerant, Recyclable Polymer‐Supported Catalyst. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Antixenosis and Antibiosis in Medicago Species (1986)

Selected clones from three perennial glandular-haired Medicago species—M. glandulosa David, M. glutinosa Marschall von Bieberstein, and M. prostrata Jacquin, Hort. Vindob.—and one nonglandular hay-type, M. sativa L., were tested under controlled conditions in a growth chamber to determine their resistance to adult potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), feeding and oviposition. One clone each from glandular-haired M. glandulosa, M. glutinosa, and M. prostrata exhibited antixenosis in free-choice tests under two temperature regimes. Clones were delineated better at 13–18°C than at 18–24°C. The antixenotic M. glutinosa and M. prostrata clones showed no damage symptoms; in a no-choice situation they exhibited antibiosis or extreme antixenosis (100% mortality) to adults. In ovipositiontests, eggs were rare in stems of clones with high antibiosis but were frequently laid in glandular-haired M. glandulosa. Clones resistant to oviposition had a tough vascular cylinder surrounding the pith. A nonglandular control clone with tolerance to yellowing in the field showed little antixenosis or antibiosis in growth chamber tests.
Pyrimidine nucleotides containing a (S)-methanocarba ring as P2Y<sub>6</sub> receptor agonists (2017)

Both agonists and antagonists of the UDP-activated P2Y<sub>6</sub> receptor (P2Y<sub>6</sub>R) have been proposed for therapeutic use, in conditions such as cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Uracil nucleotides containing a South-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ((S)-methanocarba) ring system in place of the ribose ring were synthesized and shown to be potent P2Y<sub>6</sub>R agonists in a calcium mobilization assay. The (S)-methanocarba modification was compatible with either a 5-iodo or 4-methoxyimino group on the pyrimidine, but not with a α,β-methylene 5´-diphosphate. (S)-Methanocarba dinucleotide potency was compatible with a N<sup>4</sup>-methoxy modification on the proximal nucleoside that is assumed to bind at the P2Y<sub>6</sub>R similarly to UDP; (N)-methanocarba was preferred on the distal nucleoside moiety. This suggests that the distal dinucleotide P2Y<sub>6</sub>R binding site prefers a ribose-like group that can attain a (N) conformation, rather than (S). Dinucleotide binding was modeled by homology modeling, docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which suggested the same ribose conformational preferences found empirically.
CXCR7 is an active component of SDF-1 signalling in astrocytes and Schwann cells (2010)

The alternative SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor-1) receptor, CXCR7, has been suggested to act as either a scavenger of extracellular SDF-1 or a modulator of the primary SDF-1 receptor, CXCR4. CXCR7, however, also directly affects the function of various tumor-cell types. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR7 is an active component of SDF-1 signalling in astrocytes and Schwann cells. Cultured cortical astrocytes and peripheral nerve Schwann cells exhibit comparable total and cell-surface levels of expression of both SDF-1 receptors. Stimulation of astrocytes with SDF-1 resulted in the temporary activation of Erk1/2, Akt and PKCzeta/lambda, but not p38 and PKCalpha/beta. Schwann cells showed SDF-1-induced activation of Erk1/2, Akt and p38, but not PKCalpha/beta and PKCzeta/lambda. The respective signalling pattern remained fully inducible in astrocytes from CXCR4-deficient mice, but was abrogated following depletion of astrocytic CXCR7 by RNAi. In Schwann cells, RNAi-mediated depletion of either CXCR4 or CXCR7 silenced SDF-1 signalling. The findings of the astrocytic receptor-depletion experiments were reproduced by CXCR7 antagonist CCX754, but not by CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, both of which abolished astrocytic SDF-1 signalling. Further underlining the functional importance of CXCR7 signalling in glial cells, we show that the mitogenic effects of SDF-1 on both glial cell types are impaired upon depleting CXCR7.
Growth versus Function in the Three‐Dimensional Culture of Single and Aggregated Hepatocytes within Collagen Gels (1993)

Hepatocytes require cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions to survive and function. Furthermore, cell proliferation and differentiated function are often reciprocally related activities, both of which are highly regulated in the liver microenvironment. To mimic the physiological organization of hepatocytes into multicellular plates, small hepatocyte aggregates containing an average of 4-6 cells were formed. The aggregates were suspended within three-dimensional collagen gels and compared to both single hepatocytes (suspended within collagen gels) and hepatocyte monolayers (on tissue culture polystyrene) over 6 and 10 days in culture. The comparison of aggregates with single cells represents a novel in vitro system for the study of hepatocyte cell-cell interactions. All hepatocyte-populated gels displayed almost identical patterns of cell behavior: hyperplastic or hypertrophic growth (indicated by DNA or protein concentration) coincided with the decline of phenotypic function (assessed by uric acid and albumin production), while functional recovery often accompanied the cessation of growth. However, aggregate cultures maintained an average of 2-fold higher concentrations of functional parameters than singlet cultures when cells were not involved in growth activities. Much higher concentrations of all cell parameters were sustained by gel-dispersed hepatocytes than by hepatocyte monolayers.
Marital satisfaction and topographical assessment of marital interaction: A longitudinal analysis of newlywed couples (1999)

Abstract Despite numerous tests of social learning hypotheses relating to marriage, important questions remain concerning how best to quantify behavior displayed in marital interaction. In the present study, 60 newlywed couples reported their marital satisfaction, engaged in a 15‐minute problem‐solving discussion, and reported their marital satisfaction again 6 and 12 months later. The interactions were microanalytically coded, the codes were assigned a numeric value, and each spouse's cumulative point totals were plotted as a function of time in the interaction. This was done separately for all 60 couples. Graphs were divided into groups based on the topography of the graphically represented interactions. These groups differed cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in their level of marital satisfaction. Couples tended to have lower satisfaction scores when their initial interactions were characterized with behavioral parity between the spouses at the beginning of a discussion, changing to asymmetrical patterns of behavior later in the conversation. This method was found to be more predictive of marital satisfaction than were standard methods of assessing dyadic interaction (i.e., base rates of behavior and sequential analysis). Implications of these data for understanding how interactions relate to the course of newlywed marriage are discussed.
Method for High Precision Clock Synchronization in Wireless Systems with Application to Radio Navigation (2007)

In this paper we present a novel approach for high precision clock synchronization in wireless systems. A concept similar to the standard FMCW (frequency-modulated continuous wave) radar principle is used to estimate the offset in time and in frequency between two wireless communication units. The novel approach allows for a synchronization of both offsets significantly below 100 ps and 10 Hz, respectively. This highly accurate synchronization is used in a prototype system to measure the distance between wireless units similar to a secondary radar. The prototype works within the 5.8 GHz ISM-band and uses a bandwidth of 150 MHz. With the setup presented we can measure the distance between two radio units with a standard deviation of 4 to 5 cm over a range of 200 m. This distance deviation implies a clock and center frequency synchronization of both communication modules significantly below 100 ps and 1 ppb, respectively. The broadband measurement principle is robust towards multi-path interference. It can be extended to other frequency bands and is well-suited for direct integration into communication channels and novel modulation principles such as OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) or SC/FDE (single carrier transmission with frequency domain equalization), e.g. for locatable WLAN (wireless local area network) devices or wireless sensor networks
Polymerization of <i>N</i>-Carboxy Anhydrides of L- and DL- Valine, and L- and DL- Phenylalanine in the Solid State (1996)

Abstract Polymerization of N -carboxy anhydrides (NCAs) of L-valine and DL-valine in the solid state in hexane was compared with their polymerization in the anisole solution, and the results were explained with reference to their crystal structures. Both of L-valine NCA and DL-valine NCA were less reactive in the solid state than in the solution, but the molecular weight of the polymer of L-valine NCA obtained in the solid state was much higher than that in the solution. The molecular weight of the polymer obtained in the solid state polymerization of DL-Valine NCA increased with the increase in conversion, while that in the solution decreased with the conversion. Electron microscopy, X-ray analysis and IR spectroscopy suggested that the polymerization of L-valine NCA and DL-valine NCA took place in the layer normal to the b axis in the crystal, which was suggested by their crystal structures. In addition, it was found that L-phenylalanine NCA and DL-phenylalanine NCA were very reactive in the solid state, while they were inactive in the solution.
Effect of lead frame material on plastic-encapsulated IC package cracking under temperature cycling (1989)

In temperature cycling tests of plastic-encapsulated ICs, cracks in the encapsulant often originate from the lower edges of the chip pads. For Alloy 42 lead frame packages, it has been shown that cracking is caused by the thermal expansion mismatch between the chip pad and the encapsulant. However, cracking in copper lead frame packages cannot be explained in the same way. In the present work, differences in the package cracking mechanisms with lead frame materials are studied both by analysis and experiment. The results of thermal stress analysis indicate that encapsulant stress in the Alloy 42 lead frame package is increased by delamination of the chip pad's bottom surface. Conversely, stress in the copper lead frame package is mainly determined by delamination of the die bonding layer. The estimated mechanisms for both packages are experimentally verified by ultrasonic inspection of the chip pad's bottom surfaces and thermal deformation observation of package cross sections. The effect on cracking of each packaging material is also studied to find ways to prevent cracking. Recommendations are made for lead frame, encapsulant, and die bonding materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<sup>3</sup>H‐Histamine Release from Human Leukocytes (1979)

A rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for large scale screening of patients suspected of type I allergy has been developed. The method is based on in vitro incorporation of 3H-histamine in the leukocytes of the patient, whereafter release of labelled histamine is measured after provocation of the cells with the suspected allergen. The new method was compared with the conventional basophil histamine release technique by in vitro provocation of six asthmatic patients under suspicion of type I allergy against animal dander, house dust, and mite, and an almost identical release of histamine was observed in both assays.
EPS: An Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Service Searching Scheme for Smart Community (2013)

Smart community leverages information and communications technology to improve the quality of life in terms of education, health care, and government services. In smart community, residents manage their home appliances to cooperate on stabilizing renewable power supply, energy saving, and information communications. In this paper, we propose an efficient and privacy-preserving service searching scheme (EPS) for smart community to enable residents to receive some Internet bandwidth from cooperative nearby homes so as to obtain pervasive Internet access at the cheap cost. Specifically, the EPS enables a resident to send a service request to nearby homes, and the latter responds the request with either uploading data via Internet connection or forwarding data to other homes via WiFi. As the Internet and WiFi bandwidth for homes is limited, the homes assign residents with different priorities and prefer to serve residents with high priorities. The priority is determined by a proximity score between residents and home owners, and the identity information is not disclosed in the calculation process. Moreover, the EPS preserves the location privacy of residents by adopting the multiple pseudonym techniques. Detailed privacy analyses in terms of the identity privacy and the location privacy are provided. In addition, the communication efficiency is validated through extensive simulations.
Helicobacter pylori catalase (1991)

Helicobacter pylori is the major aetiological agent of gastroduodenitis in humans. Due to the potential importance of catalase in the growth and survival of Helicobacter pylori on the surface of inflamed mucosae, we have characterized catalase from H. pylori as a prelude to further studies on the function of the enzyme in vivo. The catalase activity of H. pylori was significantly affected by the presence of blood, serum or erythrocytes in the growth medium: the greatest activity was expressed when the bacterium was grown on medium containing serum. H. pylori catalase is a tetramer with a subunit Mr of 50,000. The enzyme had a pI of 9.0-9.3, was active over a broad pH range and was stable at 56 degrees C. It was non-competitively inhibited by sodium azide, and had no detectable peroxidase activity. The Km for the purified catalase was measured as 43 +/- 3 mM-H2O2 and the V as 60 +/- 3 mmol H2O2 min-1 (mg protein)-1. The native catalase has absorption maxima at 280 nm and 405 nm with further minor shoulders or peaks at 510 nm, 535 nm and 625 nm, consistent with the presence of an iron-porphyrin prosthetic group.
Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure and Ultrahigh-Rate Growth of Single-Crystalline 3C-SiC on Si Substrate by ULP-CVD Using Organosilane (2010)

Temperature dependence of the growth rate of 3C-SiC(001) films on Si(001) substrates during ultralow-pressure (ULP: ~10-1 Pa) CVD using monomethylsilane has been investigated in detail by using pyrometric interferometry. A novel behavior, i.e. a sharp division of the growth mode into two regimes depending on the growth temperature, has been found to exist. Based on this finding, we have developed a two-step process, which realizes a low-temperature (900 °C), high-rate growth of single-crystalline 3C-SiC film on Si substrates, whose rate of 3 m/h is extremely high for this ULP process.
Redox Regulation of DNA Repair: Implications for Human Health and Cancer Therapeutic Development (2009)

Redox reactions are known to regulate many important cellular processes. In this review, we focus on the role of redox regulation in DNA repair both in direct regulation of specific DNA repair proteins as well as indirect transcriptional regulation. A key player in the redox regulation of DNA repair is the base excision repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in its role as a redox factor. APE1 is reduced by the general redox factor thioredoxin, and in turn reduces several important transcription factors that regulate expression of DNA repair proteins. Finally, we consider the potential for chemotherapeutic development through the modulation of APE1's redox activity and its impact on DNA repair.
A Common Desktop Environment for Platforms Based on the UNIX ) (1996)

Until the early 1980s most users interacted with their computers via character-mode interfaces—they typed in commands. What happened to change all this was the arrival of proprietary window systems. HP’s first window system was embedded in the Integral Personal Computer.1 By 1988 the X Window System had been adopted as a standard for machines running the UNIX operating system. However, available user interface toolkits, such as HP’s CXI widgets, were proprietary. These toolkits provided items such as scroll bars and pop-up menus, and they allowed software developers to create applications that had a consistent look and feel. By 1990 two stable toolkits had emerged, OSF/Motif and OpenLook.† The stage was now set for proprietary user environments. A user environment is a collection of programs used by the end user to manage files, invoke applications, and perform routine tasks such as edit text files and send and receive email. HP delivered its first version of HP VUE (Visual User Environment) 2 in 1990 with subsequent upgrades continuing to this day.
Polymer-supported salen complexes for heterogeneous asymmetric synthesis: Stability and selectivity (1999)

This paper details the enantioselective performance of styrene/divinylbenzene-supported Mn- and Cr-based salen complexes for the epoxidation of olefins and the ring-opening of epoxides to azido-silyl ethers. The Mn catalyst produced the epoxides of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene, styrene, and cis-β-methylstyrene with enantiomeric excesses (ee's) of 46, 9, and 79%, respectively. For the Cr catalyst, the enantioselective ring-opening of epoxyhexane, propylene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide with trimethylsilyl azide proceeded with ee's of 34, 36, and 6%, respectively. Upon recycle of these heterogeneous catalysts, a degradation process was noted for the Mn-catalyst under the conditions for epoxidation that resulted in oxidation and decomposition of the ligand. This process also affects the homogeneous catalyst, thereby limiting the recyclability of both the homogeneous Mn catalyst and its heterogenized version for this reaction. The Cr-catalyzed reaction to ring-open epoxides employs milder conditions and allowed reuse of the heterogeneous catalyst without loss of activity or enantioselectivity through three runs with epoxyhexane. During reaction, the leaching of Cr from the heterogeneous catalyst is less than 0.1%, suggesting possible reuse of the catalyst over hundreds of cycles before reloading the polymer-supported salen ligand with metal would be necessary. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3888–3898, 1999
vESP: A Video-Enabled Enterprise Search Platform (2010)

In this paper, we present how to provide a novel and potentially disruptive multimedia service by modifying a widely deployed commercial enterprise search engine. The idea is to transparently integrate rich multimedia data with traditional textual-oriented query results. This includes that the search engine automatically discovers and extracts relevant scenes from a large knowledge repository of existing videos and produces a new, customized video of events matching the user query. To evaluate our prototype, we have performed experiments using a data set from a knowledge repository in Microsoft consisting of PowerPoint presentations with corresponding videos. Our initial results demonstrate that such integration can be implemented efficiently, and that potential users prefer to have the opportunity to enrich the search results with corresponding video.
Single-Grain Quartz OSL Characteristics: Testing for Correlations within and between Sites in Asia, Europe and Africa (2019)

We studied the characteristics of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal of single-grain quartz from three sites in China, Italy, and Libya, including the brightness, decay curve and dose response curve (DRC) shapes, recuperation, and reproducibility. We demonstrate the large variation in OSL behaviors for individual quartz grains of different samples from different regions, and show that recuperation, sensitivity change, and reproducibility are independent of the brightness and decay curve shape of the OSL signals. The single-grain DRCs can be divided into at least eight groups with different characteristic saturation doses (D<sub>0</sub>), and a standardized growth curve (SGC) can be established for each of the DRC groups. There is no distinctive difference in the shape of OSL decay curves among different DRC groups, but samples from different regions have a difference in the OSL sensitivities and decay shapes for different groups. Many of the quartz grains have low D<sub>0</sub> values (30-50 Gy), and more than 99% of the grains have D<sub>0</sub> values of <200 Gy. Our results raise caution against the dating of samples with equivalent dose values higher than 100 Gy, if there are many low-D<sub>0</sub> and 'saturated' grains.
Higher-order electromechanical response of thin films by contact resonance piezoresponse force microscopy (2006)

Piezoresponse scanning force microscopy (PFM) has turned into an established technique for imaging ferroelectric domains in ferroelectric thin films. At least for soft cantilevers, the piezoresponse signal is not only dependent on the elastic properties of the material under investigation but also on the elastic properties of the cantilever. Due to this dependency, the cantilever response and, therefore, the measured properties depend on the frequency of the small alternating current (AC) testing voltage. At the contact resonance, the cantilever response is maximum, and this increased sensitivity can be used to detect very small signals or to decrease the voltage applied to the sample. We have shown that by using the hysteretic ferroelectric switching, it is possible to separate the signal into its components (viz. electromechanical and electrostatic contributions). Additionally, the measurement frequency can be tuned such that the second and third harmonics of the electromechanical response can be detected at the cantilever resonance, providing information about the higher-order electromechanical coefficients. We assume that this nonlinear behavior seen in local and macroscopic measurements is rooted in the nonlinearity of the dielectric permittivity. Our results are of crucial importance for the study of ferroelectric and electromechanical properties of nanostructures.