gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Language identification using phoneme recognition and phonotactic language modeling (2002)

A language identification technique using multiple single-language phoneme recognizers followed by n-gram language models yielded top performance at the March 1994 NIST language identification evaluation. Since the NIST evaluation, work has been aimed at further improving performance by using the acoustic likelihoods emitted from gender-dependent phoneme recognizers to weight the phonotactic likelihoods output from gender-dependent language models. We have investigated the effect of restricting processing to the most highly discriminating n-grams, and we have also added explicit duration modeling at the phonotactic level. On the OGI Multi-language Telephone Speech Corpus, accuracy on an 11-language, closed-set, language identification task has risen to 89% on 45-s utterances and 79% on 10-s utterances. Two-language classification accuracy is 98% and 95% for the 45-s and 10-s utterances, respectively. Finally, we have started to apply these same techniques to the problem of dialect identifications.
SyStemCell: A Database Populated with Multiple Levels of Experimental Data from Stem Cell Differentiation Research (2012)

Elucidation of the mechanisms of stem cell differentiation is of great scientific interest. Increasing evidence suggests that stem cell differentiation involves changes at multiple levels of biological regulation, which together orchestrate the complex differentiation process; many related studies have been performed to investigate the various levels of regulation. The resulting valuable data, however, remain scattered. Most of the current stem cell-relevant databases focus on a single level of regulation (mRNA expression) from limited stem cell types; thus, a unifying resource would be of great value to compile the multiple levels of research data available. Here we present a database for this purpose, SyStemCell, deposited with multi-level experimental data from stem cell research. The database currently covers seven levels of stem cell differentiation-associated regulatory mechanisms, including DNA CpG 5-hydroxymethylcytosine/methylation, histone modification, transcript products, microRNA-based regulation, protein products, phosphorylation proteins and transcription factor regulation, all of which have been curated from 285 peer-reviewed publications selected from PubMed. The database contains 43,434 genes, recorded as 942,221 gene entries, for four organisms (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Macaca mulatta) and various stem cell sources (e.g., embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells). Data in SyStemCell can be queried by Entrez gene ID, symbol, alias, or browsed by specific stem cell type at each level of genetic regulation. An online analysis tool is integrated to assist researchers to mine potential relationships among different regulations, and the potential usage of the database is demonstrated by three case studies. SyStemCell is the first database to bridge multi-level experimental information of stem cell studies, which can become an important reference resource for stem cell researchers. The database is available at http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/SyStemCell/.
Über die Herstellung mehrkerniger Ketone (1950)

Abstract Ähnlich wie sich 2 Mol Acetessigester und Formaldehyd zum monocyclischen Hagemann 'schen Ester in wässeriger Lösung kondensieren lassen, führt die analoge Umsetzung von Acetessigester, Acetessigsäure bzw. Acetondicarbonsäure und Formaldehyd mit Derivaten cyclischer Mono‐ und Diketone schon in wässeriger bzw. wässerig‐alkoholischer Lösung zur Bildung mehrkerniger cyclischer Ketone.
Head stabilization shows multisensory dependence on spatiotemporal characteristics of visual and inertial passive stimulation (2011)

Sensorimotor coordination relies on fine calibration of the interaction among visual, vestibular, and somatosensory input. Our goal was to investigate how the spatiotemporal properties of passive inertial motion and visual input affect head stabilization. Healthy young adults (n=12) wore a head-mounted display during A/P sinusoidal horizontal translations of the whole body. Visual conditions (VIS) displayed forward (EO), sideways (SW), or backward (BW) visual motion relative to the head, plus an eyes-closed conditions (EC) which were combined with 4 inertial conditions to comprise 16 conditions in total. In SW either near or far DEPTH of field with 180° phase shift was displayed. Subjects were secured in a seat with head free to move. Frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal input included overlapping max acceleration (a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ) or max velocity (v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ). Amplitude and phase of angular velocity was collected with a 3-axis gyro. A main effect of inertial condition on amplitude for all axes of head motion (p<.0000) and a shift (p<.0000) from phase lead to lag of head pitch with increasing freq (121°, 127°, 83°, −32°) were found. A main effect of VIS on head pitch (p<0.01) was due to the absence of vision (EC). An interaction effect between inertial and VIS conditions on head yaw occurred with SW (p<0.05). In SW, a significant interaction of depth of field and inertia on amplitude (p<0.001) and phase (p<0.05) of head yaw occurred, especially during high v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> conditions. Thus, visual flow can organize lateral cervical responses despite being discordant with inertial input.
A self-timed cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in VLSI (2005)

A self-timed approach to implement a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for the application of telecommunications is described. The approach is oriented toward multiple channel communications. The paper presents a new scheme to handle an asynchronous feedback to implement the CRC engine. This feedback scheme can also be applied to many applications like asynchronous pipelines and digital signal processing (DSP), which contains computations combining successive data values including feedback. At transistor level, differential cascade voltage switch logic (DCVSL), combined with using common transistors and grouping the gates, is exploited to obtain an efficient CRC circuit engine. The detailed simulation results of CRC encoding and decoding are performed for the verification at functional level, and the hardware is verified by SPICE simulation.
Real-time, 3D visualization drilling supervision system targets ECD, downhole pressure control (2008)

eDrilling is a new and innovative system for real-time drilling simulation, 3D visualization and control from a remote drilling expert centre. The concept uses all available real-time drilling data (surface and downhole) in combination with real-time modeling to monitor and optimize the drilling process. This information is used to visualize the wellbore in 3D in real time. eDrilling has been implemented in an onshore drilling center in Norway and has been used on several drilling operations. This article focuses on utilization of an advanced flow model for real-time supervision and control of ECD and ECD-related effects.
Frequency Accuracy & Stability Dependencies of Crystal Oscillators (2008)

Quartz crystal based oscillators are used as clock sources in the synchronization and syntonization of distributed systems to a common time or frequency scale. One such system is that of a cellular network in which base station transceivers are operated within a specified time or frequency accuracy with reference to a system reference. The accuracy of the entrainment of the distributed clocks to the reference clock is subject to the design of the servo control system. In the event the servo fails the slave clock accuracy is a function of the local environmental and electrical stimuli applied to the clock. As loss of the servo signal is a practical issue in a real system, this ultimate system entrainment accuracy is dependent on the accuracy with which the free running clocks can be corrected. It is the subject of the current paper to review the fundamental physical properties of crystal oscillators and in so doing determine all significant frequency perturbing stimuli. Identification and quantification of these stimuli in terms of analytical expressions is the first stage in the creation of an accurate clock model suitable for compensation of the clock in the absence of the servo signal from the reference. Thus a fundamental understanding of the parameters affecting the clock drift becomes paramount to determining the overall synchronization accuracy achievable by the system.
Identification of Cross-Country Skiing Movement Patterns Using Micro-Sensors (2012)

This study investigated the potential of micro-sensors for use in the identification of the main movement patterns used in cross-country skiing. Data were collected from four elite international and four Australian athletes in Europe and in Australia using a MinimaxX™ unit containing accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS sensors. Athletes performed four skating techniques and three classical techniques on snow at moderate velocity. Data from a single micro-sensor unit positioned in the centre of the upper back was sufficient to visually identify cyclical movement patterns for each technique. The general patterns for each technique were identified clearly across all athletes while at the same time distinctive characteristics for individual athletes were observed. Differences in speed, snow condition and gradient of terrain were not controlled in this study and these factors could have an effect on the data patterns. Development of algorithms to process the micro-sensor data into kinematic measurements would provide coaches and scientists with a valuable performance analysis tool. Further research is needed to develop such algorithms and to determine whether the patterns are consistent across a range of different speeds, snow conditions and terrain, and for skiers of differing ability.
Static correlated branch prediction (1999)

Recent work in history-based branch prediction uses novel hardware structures to capture branch correlation and increase branch prediction accuracy. Branch correlation occurs when the outcome of a conditional branch can be accurately predicted by observing the outcomes of previously executed branches in the dynamic instruction stream. In this article, we show how to instrument a program so that it is practical to collect run-time statistics that indicate where branch correlation occurs, and we then show how to use these statistics to transform the program so that its static branch prediction accuracy is improved. The run-time information that we gather is called a path profile , and it summarizes how often each executed sequence of program points occurs in the program trace. Our path proles are more general than those previously proposed. The code transformation that we present is called static correlated branch prediction (SCBP). It exhibits better branch prediction accuracy than previously thought possible for static prediction techniques. Furthermore, through the use of an overpruning heuristic, we show that it is possible to determine automatically an appropriate trade-off between code expansion and branch predictability so that our transformation improves the performance of multiple-issue, deeply pipelined microprocessors like those being built today.
Vapour-based processing of hole-conductor-free CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> fullerene planar solar cells (2014)

High quality CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films deposited using a new sequential vapour deposition method enables the all-vapour fabrication of efficient, hole-conductor-free CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> fullerene solar cells.
Polarization-stable oxide-confined VCSELs with enhanced single-mode output power via monolithically integrated inverted grating reliefs (2005)

It has been proven experimentally that the single-mode output power of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be increased significantly with an inverted surface relief and that a reliable polarization control can be achieved by a monolithically integrated surface grating for even highly multimode VCSELs. In this paper, for the first time we report on a combination of these two techniques, namely, an inverted grating relief to realize VCSELs with a stable polarization and an increased single-mode output power. A statistically relevant number of monolithic, oxide-confined 850-nm VCSELs is investigated. All devices with a grating relief have a stable polarization with its orientation defined by the grating grooves. On the other hand, 64% of the reference devices exhibit polarization switches. Concurrently, the maximum single-mode output power is enhanced by more than a factor of three. Within the entire range of implemented grating parameters, the worst grating relief device still delivers higher single-mode output power than the best reference device.
Baseball and tennis video annotation with temporal structure decomposition (2008)

Sport video annotation can help viewers easily browse sport video content and quickly find the hot events and highlights in a game. Although many annotation algorithms have been proposed, they are not suitable for practical implementation since the high complexity and the low precision rates are not acceptable. In this paper, a method of sport video temporal structure decomposition, which decomposes the sport video into many video clips, is proposed. Then score box information and additional semantic information are important clues for event annotation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can successfully and effectively decompose video into clips. The annotation results also have extremely high precision and recall rates for both baseball and tennis videos.
Two-dimensional focus control for liquid crystal lens (2003)

First, a new method of voltage application is proposed. With the new drive method, disclinalion lines do not appear in the cell. Secondly, a liquid crystal lens with focus moveable along and off the axis is reported. The movements of the focus are controlled by the potentials of electrodes and sub-electrodes in the cell.
Motion-Blur-Free High-Speed Video Shooting Using a Resonant Mirror (2017)

This study proposes a novel concept of actuator-driven frame-by-frame intermittent tracking for motion-blur-free video shooting of fast-moving objects. The camera frame and shutter timings are controlled for motion blur reduction in synchronization with a free-vibration-type actuator vibrating with a large amplitude at hundreds of hertz so that motion blur can be significantly reduced in free-viewpoint high-frame-rate video shooting for fast-moving objects by deriving the maximum performance of the actuator. We develop a prototype of a motion-blur-free video shooting system by implementing our frame-by-frame intermittent tracking algorithm on a high-speed video camera system with a resonant mirror vibrating at 750 Hz. It can capture 1024 × 1024 images of fast-moving objects at 750 fps with an exposure time of 0.33 ms without motion blur. Several experimental results for fast-moving objects verify that our proposed method can reduce image degradation from motion blur without decreasing the camera exposure time.
The preparation of aromatic astatine compounds through aromatic mercury compounds part II: Astatination of pyrimidines and steroids (1981)

Abstract Several 211 At‐astatopyrimidines (5‐At‐uracil, 5‐At‐cytosine and their nucleosides and nucleotides including DNA and RNA) have been synthesized in high radiochemical yields by reaction of 211 At/I 2 and the corresponding chloromercury compounds. Also some astato‐steroids (6‐At‐cholesterol and 2‐ and 4‐astatoestradiol) have been prepared by this method. The stability in vitro was determined under different conditions in comparison with the analogous iodo compounds.
THE FERRARA BIBLE (1957)

THE FERRARA BIBLE Get access WILLIAM B. TODD WILLIAM B. TODD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s5-XII, Issue 1, March 1957, Pages 44–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s5-XII.1.44 Published: 01 March 1957
Systemic endopolyploidy in Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae) development (2004)

Systemic variation of cellular endopolyploidy in different tissues during growth and development of Spathoglottis plicata from field-grown plants and in vitro cultures was identified. The implication of the findings was discussed.
A high performance, wide bandwidth, low cost FPGA-based quadrature demodulator (2003)

An implementation approach for wide-bandwidth digital quadrature demodulators intended for high performance radar and electronic warfare applications is presented. An overview of design tradeoffs made to reduce the data processing rate and cost are given, as are architectural considerations specific to FPGA implementation of digital filtering operations. A design example for processing input signals having an intermediate frequency of 160 MHz and a bandwidth of /spl sim/45 MHz is presented. This performance is achieved with a low-cost Xilinx 4000E series FPGA with a -3 speed grade. A very high internal resource utilization of 83% was attained while meeting stringent timing requirements via the use of computationally efficient signal processing algorithms, thorough logic optimization, and careful mapping of signal processing algorithms to hardware. Simulation results obtained for faster FPGA families and speed grades indicate that a doubling in the processing rate could be reached with few design modifications.
Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia: Association with Prostatic Carcinoma (1980)

Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia that remits after resection of a coexisting tumor has been described in 35 patients. Because the associated neoplasms have been of mesenchymal origin, it has been inferred that this tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome is uniquely related to tumours of this derivation. However, in the present investigation we studied subjects with coincident hypophosphatemia and prostatic carcinoma to ascertain whether this endodermal malignancy causes the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome. The hypophosphatemic patients had renal phosphate wasting, gastrointestinal malabsorption of calcium and phosphate, and negative phosphate balance. Moreover, bone biopsies showed histomorphologic changes indicative of osteomalacia. Although widespread metastases precluded establishing the diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia by resection of the tumor, a series of studied excluded alternate causes for the osteomalacia. Further, affected subjects had a normal serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 28.0 +/- 8.3 ng/mL, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were low, 15.0 +/- 1.0 pg/mL, characteristic of the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome. Thus, prostatic carcinoma, although an endodermal malignancy, may cause the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome.
Comparative DNA analysis of breast cancer by flow cytometry and image analysis. (1994)

Measurement of DNA ploidy can be performed either with Flow Cytometry (FCM) and Image-Analysis (IA); both methods provide prognostic information in primary breast cancer. We compared the results of quantitative DNA analysis of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from 62 invasive ductal breast cancers. For FCM nuclear suspensions from disaggregated tumor were stained with Propidium Iodide and analyzed by means of Ortho Cytoron Absolute. For IA nuclear suspensions were stained by the Feulgen method and analyzed by means of Vidas system. We found a good correlation between flow cytometry DNA Index and Histogram Type, according to Auer classification (rs = 0.65, p < 0.001) and between DNA Index and Grading of Malignancy (MG) which had been measured by Bocking's algorithm (rs = 0.38, p < 0.05). Concerning to disease free survival (DFS), flow cytometric DNA Index showed a better correlation (rs = 0.56, p < 0.001). We concluded that the two methods provide comparable results, but offer individual advantages and are complementary for analyzing DNA ploidy in breast cancer.
Association of MDR1 Gene SNPs and Haplotypes with the Tacrolimus Dose Requirements in Han Chinese Liver Transplant Recipients (2011)

Our studies suggest that the genetic polymorphism could be used as a valuable molecular marker for the prediction of tacrolimus C/D ratios of liver transplant recipients.
Higher preoperative serum levels of <scp>PD</scp>‐L1 and B7‐H4 are associated with invasive and metastatic potential and predictable for poor response to <scp>VEGF</scp>‐targeted therapy and unfavorable prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (2016)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic and proangiogenic cancer. Although antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies achieve impressive responses in some patients, many tumors eventually develop resistance to such therapy. The B7 family molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 are pivotal players in immune checkpoints that positively or negatively regulate various immune responses. Recently, immunotherapy based on blocking immune checkpoints with anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 antibodies has been proposed as a potential new approach to the treatment of metastatic RCC. Higher expression of PD-L1 and B7-H4 in the tumors is associated with a poor prognosis in RCCs, however, the clinical impact of serum levels of B7 family molecules has not been elucidated in patients with metastatic RCCs receiving VEGF-targeted agents. We assessed the preoperative serum levels of B7 family molecules, including CD80, CD86, PD-1, PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, and CTLA-4, and CD28 in RCC patients, and determined their relations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Elevated preoperative serum levels of PD-L1 and B7-H4 were correlated with less differentiated tumors, higher invasive and metastatic potential, a worse response to anti-VEGF therapy, and shorter overall survival. These findings suggested that investigating preoperative serum levels of PD-L1 and B7-H4 might not only be useful to assess the biological aggressiveness of RCCs, but also to predict the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy and the eventual prognosis, indicating the future design of clinical trials of therapies targeting immune checkpoint in advanced RCCs.
Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of butylbenzene pyrolysis (1989)

Abstract A chemical kinetic model was constructed for the pyrolysis of butylbenzene. The mechanism was based on free radical reactions. All relevant reactions were considered, and a final selection of 60 reactions involving 29 molecules and free radicals was made. The rate constants and thermodynamic parameters were taken from the literature or estimated using accepted literature methods such as group additivity. The results from the model were compared to experimental rates and product selectivity for butylbenzene pyrolysis over a temperature range of 778 K to 868 K and to an experimental rate at 923 K. The rates agreed within a factor of two and were usually much closer. The experimental and theoretical yields of the major products, styrene, ethane, toluene, and propylene, agreed within two percentage points. The agreement for seven minor products was not quite as good, with the worst case being an overprediction of the yield of allylbenzene by a factor of 2.6.
Use of fibrinolytic agents in the management of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas (1998)

Intrapleural streptokinase probably aids the treatment of pleural infections by improving pleural drainage without causing systemic fibrinolysis or local haemorrhage.