gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Super-Resolution Video from Low Resolution Video Sequences: A Novel Approach (2007)

The term "super-resolution" refers to the process of obtaining higher-resolution images from several lower-resolution ones, i.e. resolution enhancement. The quality improvement is caused by sub-pixel shifted from each other between images. Each low resolution image contains new information about the scene and super-resolution aims at combining these to give a higher resolution image. Super-resolution allows us in overcoming the limitations of the imaging system (resolving limit of the sensors) without the need for additional hardware. This paper deals with high resolution video reconstruction from low resolution video. An algorithm for enhancing the resolution of video through histogram based segmentation and frequency domain registration is proposed. Segmentation of the video is done using Histogram method and frequency domain approach is used for registration of images. Bi-cubic interpolation is applied to this video to generate the super-resolution (SR) video. Based on the requirements additional brightness and temporal resolution can be added to the SR video. It is tested on indoor/outdoor real video data, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach, and then results are presented. Qualitative analysis is presented to analyze the quality of reconstructed Super resolution video comparing to input Low Resolution video. The results of this work can be used for object tracking and identification. Keywords: SR( Super Resolution); HR (High Resolution); LR(Low Resolution);Temporal Video Segmentation.
Transplantation of cultured progenitor cells to the mammalian retina (2006)

Multipotent progenitor cells have now been isolated from the brain and retina, expanded in culture, and transplanted to the central nervous system (CNS). Work in rodent models has shown that progenitor cells derived from the CNS readily engraft in the diseased retina of mature recipients, where they develop morphologies appropriate to the local microenvironment and express mature markers, including the photoreceptor protein rhodopsin. There is also evidence for graft-associated rescue of host photoreceptors and preservation of light sensitivity in the degenerating retina. Graft survival does not necessarily require immune suppression, as CNS progenitors can behave as an immunoprivileged cell type. The use of biodegradable polymers results in an organised implant and further improves graft survival. Efforts are underway at present to extend this work to the pig, with initial results showing engraftment in both the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
Carbon Nanotubes in Biology and Medicine: in vitro and in vivo Detection, Imaging and Drug Delivery (2009)

Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the main results of our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behaviors of carbon nanotubes in biological systems. Ultra-sensitive detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of bio-molecules on the hydrophobic nanotube surface. Electrical nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological detections. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of CNT opens up a method of protein microarray with down to 1 fM detection sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that well water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible, non-toxic and potentially useful for biomedical applications. In vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also sizes of nanotubes, with a tendency of accumulation in the reticuloendothelial systems, including the liver and spleen, after intravenous administration. If well functionalized, nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in feces. Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promises in various in vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery pf small interfering RNA, paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Moreover, SWNTs with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminance, Raman and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and animals. Further multidisciplinary explorations in this field are promising and may bring new opportunities to the realm of biomedicine.
Rhizobium meliloti fixGHI sequence predicts involvement of a specific cation pump in symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1989)

We present genetic and structural analyses of a fix operon conserved among rhizobia, fixGHI from Rhizobium meliloti. The nucleotide sequence of the operon suggests it may contain a fourth gene, fixS. Adjacent open reading frames of this operon showed an overlap between TGA stop codons and ATG start codons in the form of an ATGA motif suggestive of translational coupling. All four predicted gene products contained probable transmembrane sequences. FixG contained two cysteine clusters typical of iron-sulfur centers and is predicted to be involved in a redox process. FixI was found to be homologous with P-type ATPases, particularly with K+ pumps from Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis but also with eucaryotic Ca2+, Na+/K+, H+/K+, and H+ pumps, which implies that FixI is a pump of a specific cation involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Since prototrophic growth of fixI mutants appeared to be unimpaired, the predicted FixI cation pump probably has a specifically symbiotic function. We suggest that the four proteins FixG, FixH, FixI, and FixS may participate in a membrane-bound complex coupling the FixI cation pump with a redox process catalyzed by FixG.
Mutant GDF5 enhances ameloblast differentiation via accelerated BMP2-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation (2016)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate hard tissue formation, including bone and tooth. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), a known BMP, is expressed in cartilage and regulates chondrogenesis, and mutations have been shown to cause osteoarthritis. Notably, GDF5 is also expressed in periodontal ligament tissue; however, its role during tooth development is unclear. Here, we used cell culture and in vivo analyses to determine the role of GDF5 during tooth development. GDF5 and its associated BMP receptors are expressed at the protein and mRNA levels during postnatal tooth development, particularly at a stage associated with enamel formation. Furthermore, whereas BMP2 was observed to induce evidently the differentiation of enamel-forming ameloblasts, excess GDF5 induce mildly this differentiation. A mouse model harbouring a mutation in GDF5 (W408R) showed enhanced enamel formation in both the incisors and molars, but not in the tooth roots. Overexpression of the W408R GDF5 mutant protein was shown to induce BMP2-mediated mRNA expression of enamel matrix proteins and downstream phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. These results suggest that mutant GDF5 enhances ameloblast differentiation via accelerated BMP2-signalling.
Electrostatic Precipitator Maintenance Survey (1976)

In the latter part of 1974, the TC-1 Committee of the APCA undertook a survey of four (4) major user industries of electrostatic pre-cipitators. The purpose of the survey was to establish the users’ degree of satisfaction with this equipment from an operational and a maintenance viewpoint. Specific areas of maintenance requirements were investigated as well as the nature of difficulty experienced. The 174 responses received covered user experience with 243 precipi-tators of various manufacturers. This paper reports on the results of this survey and gives the statistics derived. The conclusions reached should be beneficial to the user and the manufacturer in the areas of product improvement and maintenance. This is the first of this type of survey handled by the TC-1 Committee, and it will be followed by Fabric Filter and Scrubber information gathering questionnaires. Problem areas so defined will be enlarged upon in future seminars planned under APCA auspices.
Evaluation of the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway in ALS patients and effect of modulating NAD+ levels in hSOD1-linked ALS mouse models (2020)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Astrocytes from diverse ALS models induce motor neuron death in co-culture. Enhancing NAD<sup>+</sup> availability, or increasing the expression of the NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent deacylases SIRT3 and SIRT6, abrogates their neurotoxicity in cell culture models. To determine the effect of increasing NAD<sup>+</sup> availability in ALS mouse models we used two strategies, ablation of a NAD<sup>+</sup>-consuming enzyme (CD38) and supplementation with a bioavailable NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor (nicotinamide riboside, NR). Deletion of CD38 had no effect in the survival of two hSOD1-linked ALS mouse models. On the other hand, NR-supplementation delayed motor neuron degeneration, decreased markers of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord, appeared to modify muscle metabolism and modestly increased the survival of hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice. In addition, we found altered expression of enzymes involved in NAD<sup>+</sup> synthesis (NAMPT and NMNAT2) and decreased SIRT6 expression in the spinal cord of ALS patients, suggesting deficits of this neuroprotective pathway in the human pathology. Our data denotes the therapeutic potential of increasing NAD<sup>+</sup> levels in ALS. Moreover, the results indicate that the approach used to enhance NAD<sup>+</sup> levels critically defines the biological outcome in ALS models, suggesting that boosting NAD<sup>+</sup> levels with the use of bioavailable precursors would be the preferred therapeutic strategy for ALS.
Antioxidant Activity in Common Beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) (2002)

Beans were pearled to evaluate the feasibility of increasing antioxidant activity and phenolic antioxidants. Phenolics were concentrated mostly in the hull fraction at about 56 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of sample. The methanolic extracts of the pearled bean samples were screened for antioxidant potential using the beta-carotene-linoleate and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro model systems. The pearled material, also referred to as milled samples, exhibited antioxidant activity that correlated with phenolic content and inhibited DPPH significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Phenolics and antioxidant activities were also examined in chromatographic fractions of methanolic extracts of manually obtained hulls that represented a model used previously to ascertain antimutagenic activity. Fractions extracted with ethyl acetate/acetone and acetone displayed antioxidant activity, which implies potent free radical scavenging activity with antimutagenic activity.
Radar warning receiver (RWR) time-coincident pulse data extraction and processing (2012)

This paper will present an approach for implementing an airborne radar warning receiver (RWR) pulse data extraction (PDE) and processing technique capable of handling multiple time-coincident radio-frequency (RF) pulse input threat emitter signals received in a dense threat radar signal environment. The pulse data extraction technique is specifically developed to accommodate the RF to video response of current commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) or militarized COTS (MOTS) extended-range detector logarithmic video amplifiers (ERDLVAs), including extracting signal information in the presence of device noise. The approach uses a combination of time-domain filtering, adjustable thresholds, and edge detection techniques combined with a four-quadrant data comparison to extract individual pulse data from overlapped multi-source and uncorrelated noisy pulse inputs, and the processed data output can be used as part of the presented PDE algorithm and also may provide pre-processing for currently used pulse deinterleaving and sorting methods. The developed technique has the potential to provide system response that is optimized for various threat environments via pre-deployment programming or continuous-time dynamic variations in the PDE.
Destruction of Chlorinated Phenols by Dioxygen Activation under Aqueous Room Temperature and Pressure Conditions (2003)

The complete destruction of separate mixtures of 1.1 mM 4-chlorophenol (aqueous) and 0.61 mM pentachlorophenol (aqueous slurry) take place in the presence of 0.5 g of iron particles in 10 mL of 0.32 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under ambient air under room temperature conditions. Under this reaction condition, the time required to reach complete disappearance to the detection limit of GC-FID for each compound was 4 h for 4-chlorophenol and 70 h for pentachlorophenol. Electrospray ionization mass spectral (ESI-MS) analysis of the 4-chlorophenol reaction mixture after its complete disappearance indicated non-chlorinated, primarily low molecular weight products; however, Cl- from 4-chlorophenol was not detected due to adsorption onto the iron or its corrosion products. Radical trap and control experiments suggest that the mechanism for destruction initiates with dioxygen activation, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately ring opening of the phenolic compounds. This is the first example of an abiotic system capable of the complete destruction of an organic pollutant under room temperature and pressure conditions through dioxygen activation chemistry.
Synthesis and Upconversion Spectroscopy of Yb Er Doped M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S (M = La, Gd, Y) Phosphors (2012)

Yb and Er doped M2O2S (M = Y, Gd, La) phosphor was synthesized by solid state flux fusion method and their up conversion spectral properties were studied as a function different Yb concentrations. The solid state flux fusion results in well crystallized hexagonal shaped phosphor particles of average size 4–6 μm. Upconversion spectral studies shows that all the compositions are stronger in green emission with the green emission intensity 1.7 times than the red in composition Gd2O2S:Yb(8)Er(1), Y2O2S:Yb(9)Er(1), La2O2S:Yb(3)Er(7) (All mol%). The internal upconversion efficiency for the green emission bands was calculated to be 74, 62, 100% respectively in Gd2O2S:Yb(8)Er(1), Y2O2S:Yb(8)Er(1), La2O2S:Yb(8)Er(1). Mechanisms of up conversion by two photon and energy transfer processes are interpreted and explained. The x, y color coordinates are measured and the color tunability was analyzed as a function of the 980 nm excitation power. Results shows that all phosphor offers power dependent color tuning properties where the emission color can be tuned from 490 nm to 550 nm by simply changing the 980 nm excitation power from 10–50 mW.
The Correlation of Clinical Course and Magnetic Resonance Image Findings of Radiation Myelopathy:A casereport (2003)

We described a case of radiation myelopathy (RM). The correlations of evolutional changes in magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings in three years with clinical symptoms and treatment responses in different stages of the disease were discussed. We also describe some special rehabilitative consideration for RM patients. Cord enlargement with contrast-enhancement showed in MRI findings corresponding to rapid neurological deterioration. Some neurological improvement after anti-coagulation and I steroid therapy was observed in this stage. Cord atrophy without contrast-enhancement was showed in following MRI. The neurological deficits still progressed slowly in this stage and almost did not response to the treatment. We conclude that MRI is a powerful diagnostic tool for RM and may predict the treatment responses.
Realization of a nonlinear interferometer with parametric amplifiers (2011)

We construct an interferometer with parametric amplifiers as beam splitters. Because of the gain in the parametric amplifiers, the maximum output intensity of the interferometer can be much bigger than the input intensity as well as the intensity inside the interferometer (the phase sensing intensity). We find that the fringe intensity depends quadratically on the intensity of the phase sensing field at high gain. This type of nonlinear interferometer has better sensitivity than the traditional linear interferometer made of beam splitters with the same phase sensing intensity.
Critical rendering path optimizations to reduce the web page loading time (2017)

In recent times, the websites have become complex. They are made up of a lot of content like videos, images, Javascript, Cascading Style Sheets(CSS). Because of too much content, the website gets heavy and takes more time to load. On the other hand, users prefer faster loading websites. Slower websites means unhappy users, who in turn abandon the sites in preference to faster sites. To overcome this, the websites should be optimized. Research shows that the complexity of websites is characterized at two levels - content and service. The focus of this work is to optimize the content level complexity. It is observed that reduction in critical rendering path length of a page results in less page load times. Critical rendering path is the set of processing steps a browser goes through for completely rendering a page. So, the idea of the project is to optimize the parameters impacting the critical rendering path length. The parameters under consideration are images, CSS and Javascript. These optimizations are tested on a website having images and text both in proportion.
BI-RADS MRI Enhancement Characteristics of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (2007)

To identify the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent breast MRI for newly diagnosed breast carcinoma prior to surgery was conducted. This yielded 381 lesions in 361 patients with pathologic confirmation of either DCIS alone, invasive carcinoma alone, or mixed invasive and in-situ disease. Presence or absence of a MRI lesion at the site of the documented carcinoma was recorded, and for all identified MRI lesions the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System morphology patterns were recorded. MRI features of the different malignancy types were compared utilizing Fisher's exact tests; 64/381 (16.8%) lesions had DCIS, 101/381 (26.5%) had invasive carcinoma, and 216/381 (56.7%) had mixed invasive/in situ carcinoma. A MRI lesion corresponding to the known cancer was identified in 55/64 (85.9%) cases of DCIS, 98/101 (97.0%) cases of invasive carcinoma, and 212/216 (98.1%) cases of mixed invasive and in-situ carcinoma. For pure DCIS lesions, 38/64 (59.4%) exhibited nonmass-like enhancement (NMLE), 9/64 (14.1%) were masses, and 8/64 (12.5%) were a focus. For pure invasive carcinomas 79/101(78.2%) were masses, 16/101 (15.8%) were NMLE, and 3/101 (3.0%) were a focus. For mixed lesions 163/216 (75.5%) were masses, 44/216 (20.4%) demonstrated NMLE, and 5/216 (2.3%) were a focus. The most common NMLE patterns of pure DCIS were segmental distribution and clumped internal enhancement. Although there is overlap in the MRI morphology and enhancement pattern of in situ and invasive breast carcinoma, DCIS more frequently manifests as NMLE than does invasive carcinoma.
Universal reaction-limited colloid aggregation (1990)

We study slow, or reaction-limited, colloid aggregation (RLCA) with both static and dynamic light scattering and develop a self-consistent interpretation of the results. Static light scattering is used to determine the fractal dimension of the clusters and the cutoff mass of the power-law cluster-mass distribution. Using this same cutoff cluster mass, we can predict the shape of the temporal autocorrelation function measured by dynamic light scattering. Good agreement with experiments is obtained provided the effects of rotational diffusion are included. In addition, we determine the ratio of the hydrodynamic radius to the radius of gyration of individual RLCA clusters and find \ensuremath{\beta}=1.0. A scaling method is used for the q-dependent first cumulants of the temporal autocorrelation functions to obtain a single master curve for data obtained at different times in the aggregation process. The shape of this master curve is very sensitive to several key features of the process of reaction-limited colloid aggregation. It allows us to unambiguously determine the exponent for the power-law cluster-mass distribution, \ensuremath{\tau}=1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. Furthermore, we show that the master curves for three completely different colloids, gold, silica, and polystyrene, are indistinguishable. In addition, the fractal dimensions of their RLCA clusters, as measured by static light scattering, are all ${d}_{f}$=2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05, while the aggregation kinetics for each colloid are exponential. This demonstrates that reaction-limited colloid aggregation is universal, independent of the detailed chemical nature of the colloid system.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL FUNCTIONAL GROUP TRANSFORMATIONS INVOLVING ALKYL PHENYL SELENONES (1985)

Abstract Das Phenylselenon (I) wird gemäß Formelschema in eine Reihe von Substitutionsprodukten übergeführt.
Fabrication and characterization of protein arrays for stem cell patterning (2009)

Microarrays of fibronectin and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were fabricated on plasma-deposited poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO-like) film coated glass slides to study adhesion of stem cells. The arrays were generated by using a non-contact printing technology. The stability and the quality of the spots of fibronectin, used as protein model, were assessed by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that saturation with a mass density of 112 ± 4 ng/cm2 is reached when protein solutions at concentrations higher than 84 µg/ml are spotted. Fibronectin on the surface form a uniform sub-monolayer with a surface coverage that depends on the spotting solution concentration, as qualitatively demonstrated by AFM measurements. The active conformation of the spotted fibronectin was verified by performing an immunoassay with antibodies specific for the fibronectin RGD sequence by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging. An immunorecognition efficiency of up to 22% was found for a spot with 3% coverage as estimated by ellipsometry. Human umbilical cord blood neural stem cells (HUCB-NSCs) were cultured on different ECM proteins (fibronectin, laminin, collagen I, collagen III and collagen V) arrays and showed protein concentration dependent adhesion on the micro-spots. The cell nuclei were stained for cell counting and preliminary specific cell staining was performed to evaluate the differentiation stage of HUCB-NSCs on such spots. The array platform developed in this study provides a promising approach to investigate in high throughput manner how surfaces patterned with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins influence stem cell adhesion and development.