gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Theobroma cacao</i>L., “The Food of the Gods”: Quality Determinants of Commercial Cocoa Beans, with Particular Reference to the Impact of Fermentation (2011)

The quality of commercial cocoa beans, the principal raw material for chocolate production, relies on the combination of factors that include the type of planting material, the agricultural practices, and the post-harvest processing. Among these, the fermentation of the cocoa beans is still the most relevant since it is the process whereby the precursors of the cocoa flavor arise. The formation of these precursors depends on the activity of different microbial groups on the beans pulp. A comparison of fermentations in different countries showed that a well-defined microbial succession does not always take place and that the role of Bacillus spp. in this process remains unclear. Considering the overriding importance of the fermentation to achieve high quality commercial cocoa beans, we discuss the need of addressing the impact of the farming system, the ripeness state of the pods, and the role of microbial interactions on the fermentation in future research. In addition, the problem of high acidification cocoa beans, aspects dealing with the volatile fraction of the flavor, and the cocoa butter properties, all were identified as critical aspects that need further investigation. The standardization of the microbiological methods and the application of metagenomic approaches would magnify the knowledge in this domain.
Electrochemical Evaluation and Enhancement via Heterogeneous Exchange of the Passivating Properties and Stability of Self-Assembled Monolayers Derived from the Rigid Rod Arenethiols, X−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>−C⋮C−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>−C⋮C−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>−SH (X = H and F) (1997)

The passivating properties of self-assembled monolayers derived from the chemisorption of the rigid rod arenethiols 1a−b on Au(111) have been probed by electrochemical techniques in an aqueous electrolyte. These studies suggest that the pure monolayers of 1a−b possess a high density of unfilled defect sites, potentially as a result of the solvent required for their preparation. However, a heterogeneous “patching” process, which involves both addition of hexadecanethiol at defect sites and exchange with the original monolayer, provides mixed monolayers that have superior passivating properties and which X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing-angle IR reveal to be still predominantly composed of 1a−b. The ability to reproducibly obtain these highly blocking mixed monolayers in which 1a−b is the primary component now provides a means by which to investigate, at the next level of study, electron transfer/tunneling through these novel interfacial barriers.
Context-Aware Server Framework for Network-based Service Robots (2006)

URC (ubiquitous robotic companion) is a new concept for a network-based service robot system. In this paper, we introduce CAMUS (context-aware middleware for URC systems) which is a server framework to support context-aware services for network-based robots. We discuss two major components of CAMUS: CAMUS main server and service agent manager. The communication framework is also proposed to support the communication between robots and CAMUS. We expect that CAMUS will be utilized to develop ubiquitous computing applications for network based service robot, the smart space and the personal assistant software
Ghrelin and a Novel Preproghrelin Isoform Are Highly Expressed in Prostate Cancer and Ghrelin Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Prostate Cancer (2005)

Abstract Purpose: There is evidence that the hormone ghrelin stimulates proliferation in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line although the underlying mechanism(s) remain to be determined. A novel, exon 3–deleted preproghrelin isoform has previously been detected in breast and prostate cancer cells; however, its characterization, expression, and potential function in prostate cancer tissues are unknown. Experimental Design: Expression of ghrelin and exon 3–deleted preproghrelin was investigated in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were done in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line to determine if ghrelin stimulates proliferation and/or cell survival. Stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation by ghrelin was determined in PC3 and LNCaP cells by immunoblotting with antibodies specific for phosphorylated MAPKs. Results: Prostate cancer tissues display greater immunoreactivity for ghrelin and exon 3–deleted preproghrelin than normal prostate tissues, and prostate cancer cell lines secrete mature ghrelin into conditioned medium. Treatment with ghrelin (10 nmol/L), but not the unique COOH-terminal peptide derived from exon 3–deleted preproghrelin, stimulates proliferation in the LNCaP cells (45.0 ± 1.7% above control, P &lt; 0.01) and rapidly activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 MAPK pathway in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. Ghrelin, however, does not protect prostate cancer cells from apoptosis induced by actinomycin D (1 μg/mL). The MAPK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 blocked ghrelin-induced MAPK activation, as well as proliferation, in both cell lines. Conclusions: These data suggest that these components of the ghrelin axis may have potential as novel biomarkers and/or adjunctive therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
Protective effects of HGF‐MSP chimer (metron factor‐1) on liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rat model (2010)

MF-1 could protect the liver from I/R injury, which might involve the reduction of oxygen free radicals and the increase of NO synthesis in an injured liver.
Relation between Solution Properties and Degree of Acetylation of Chitosan:  Role of Aging (2002)

Aging of solutions of chitosan varying in degree of acetylation (DA) and degree of dissociation (alpha) was studied using two techniques. The first concerned potentiometric experiments performed during 3 days on solutions having the same concentration of amino groups (5.2% < DA < 70.6% and 0 < alpha < 1.1). The presence of aggregates at low alpha certainly depends on electrostatic interactions for low DA values and on hydrophobic interactions and H-bondings for high values. When alpha increases, the role of the cationicity of the amine groups, which depends on DA, seems to play a more important role on the behavior of the polymer chains. The second regarded capillary viscometric experiments performed during 5 days on solutions of the same polymer concentration (5.2% < DA < 70.6% and 0 < alpha < 0.30). The observations mentioned above and the results obtained in a previous paper (Biomacromolecules 2001, 2 (3), 765) are confirmed, and the influence of the electroviscous effects is discussed.
Capillary zone electrophoresis study of cyclodextrin – lipoic acid host‐guest interaction (2002)

Lipoic acid is a naturally occurring compound which is being widely investigated for its therapeutic effects in the treatment or prevention of a variety of diseases associated with oxidative injury, particularly diabetes. The diversity of therapeutic applications of lipoic acid requires an appropriate formulation to control its bioavailability, site-targeting delivery and to overcome its inherent chemical instability. In this regard, cyclodextrins (CDs) are ideally suitable due to their well-documented ability to include in their cavity proper guest molecules and protect them from physical or chemical damages. Lipoic acid forms 1:1 inclusion complexes with betaCD as shown in a previous report of an extended investigation that also indicated the suitability of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for the study of such host-guest interactions. In view of these possible applications, we extended the CZE analysis to determine the strength of binding, in a pH 9 phosphate buffer, of lipoic acid with other CD derivatives such as alphaCD, gammaCD and the alkylated derivatives of betaCD, namely (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-CD (HPbetaCD), and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD (TMbetaCD). Once established that the easily available betaCD is the most suitable receptor for lipoic acid, we set up and here describe a simple and reliable procedure for the quantitative determination of lipoic acid in commercial dietary supplement tablets containing also other active substances and excipients.
Ferrocenylazobenzenes. Resonance Interaction of Ferrocene with Substrates (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerrocenylazobenzenes. Resonance Interaction of Ferrocene with SubstratesWILLIAM F. LITTLE and ALLEN K. CLARKCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 11, 1979–1982Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01081a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views384Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (454 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Heterocyclen als Bausteine neuer optischer Aufheller (1975)

Optische Aufheller werden in Waschmitteln und Textilien sowie in Papier, Kunststoffen und Lacken angewendet. Die meisten optischen Aufheller enthalten Heterocyclen, z. B. Cumarine, 2-Pyrazoline, Naphthalimide, Pyrazole, Triazole, Oxadiazole und Triazine. In diesem Aufsatz werden Synthesen, Eigenschaften und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten neuer optischer Aufheller anhand der Patentliteratur besprochen.
Regulation of extracellular plasminogen activator by human fibroblasts. The role of protease nexin. (1983)

When the plasminogen activator urokinase was radioiodinated and incubated at 40 ng/ml in medium conditioned by human foreskin (HF) cells, within 30 min over 80% of the added plasminogen activator was complexed to cell-released protease nexin (PN). The urokinase complexed to PN had little if any activity. Incubation of purified PN with urokinase confirmed that PN is an inhibitor of this plasminogen activator. However, a widely used plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis assay for plasminogen activator indicated that abundant endogenous plasminogen activator activity co-existed with PN in HF cell-conditioned medium. The source of this activity was electrophoretically and immunologically indistinguishable from urokinase. Furthermore, gel exclusion chromatography showed that about 90% of the urokinase antigen detected in conditioned medium had a molecular weight similar to that of free active urokinase. These paradoxical findings are resolved by evidence that this "PN-resistant urokinase-like" plasminogen activator is actually urokinase proenzyme that is activated by plasmin or conditions in the fibrinolysis assay for plasminogen activator. It is shown that the activated form of HF cell plasminogen activator is sensitive to inhibition by PN. PN may thus be an important component in the cellular regulation of endogenous plasminogen activator activity.
The hepatitis C virus replicon system and its application to molecular studies. (2001)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified as the major causative agent of post-transfusion and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Approximately 170 million individuals worldwide are afflicted with this infection that in most cases becomes persistent. The clinical outcomes are varied, ranging from an apparently healthy carrier state to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus far, no vaccine is available and antiviral treatment is insufficient with only approximately 40% of patients developing a long-term sustained response. These deficits underscore the need for more effective therapies but their development has been severely hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system. This impediment has recently been overcome by the development of subgenomic HCV RNA molecules that replicate autonomously in transfected cells. The high level of replication of this system opens new avenues for molecular studies of various aspects of the HCV life-cycle as well as for the development of antiviral drugs.
Appropriate Wrapping Width of Expansive Soil Embankment Built by Enveloping Method (2009)

In two sections of expansive soil trial embankments of Guangxi Ningming area, four monitoring profiles were set and series of testing elements were buried for field monitoring to find out the appropriate wrapping width. The statistical analysis of the monitoring data of water content, horizontal displacement changed with drying-wetting cycle of seasons in several monitored slopes was carried out. The results shows that, when the horizontal distance to the slope surface in trial embankments is larger than three meters, the variation of soil water content and horizontal displacement are small, the wrapping depth of trial embankments is suitable; the obtained optimum seasons for expansive soil embankment construction in Guangxi are from January to April, and the prominent effect depth of expansive soil in the condition of wetting-drying cycle is 1.49 m; furthermore, the appropriate wrapping width of expansive soil embankment built by the enveloping and wrapping technique in Nan-you Expressway is determined to be 3 m. On the basis of the research, the method of determining the appropriate wrapping width of expansive soil embankment built by the enveloping and wrapping method was put forward.
Relativistic Magnetic Self-Channeling of Light in Near-Critical Plasma: Three-Dimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulation (1996)

We present 3D particle-in-cell simulations for laser pulses with relativistic intensity propagating in slightly underdense plasma. We observe strong flows of relativistic electrons, axially comoving with the pulse. They generate magnetic fields up to 100 MG and strongly influence light propagation. After a phase of filamentation, a single light channel with a width of 1--2 wavelengths is formed by magnetic interaction. A representative case is discussed in which the intensity on axis increases from initially $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}$ to $2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}$ W/c${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. Ion acceleration and plasma cavitation are also discussed.
15.3: <i>Invited Paper:</i> A LC Display for the TV Application (2004)

Abstract Super IPS (S‐IPS) technology has intrinsic superiority in several aspects required for the TV application. Particularly, the wide view property and fast gray to gray response time of S‐IPS LCD are the most necessary requirements for TV, not only for the family use but also even for the personal use of it. High performance S‐IPS LCD TV has been developed by LG.Philips LCD and its status in the market is now competitive to that of PDP and the other mode of LCD TV, not to mention the CRT. Why the S‐IPS LCD is the best choice for the TV application will be addressed.
Integrated-optic spectrum analyzer: current status (1981)

An rf spectrum analyzer based upon an integrated optical version of an acoustooptic Bragg cell receiver was proposed by Hamilton et al.1 Conceptual designs of at least three variants of such a device have been described,2,4 and an operating integrated optical spectrum analyzer (IOSA) has recently been demonstrated we believe for the first time in our laboratory.5 This device has an instantaneous rf bandwidth of 400 MHz, a center frequency of 600 MHz, and a complete cycle time of 2 μsec.
Reducing TLB power requirements (1997)

look-aside buffers (TLBs) are small caches to speed-up address translation in processors with virtual memory. This paper considers two issues: (1) a comparison of the power consumption of fully-associative, set-associative, and direct mapped TLBs for the same miss rate and (2) the proposal of modifications of the basic cells and of the structure of set-associative TLBs to reduce the power. The power evaluation is done using a model and the miss rates are obtained from simulations of the SPEC92 benchmark. With respect to (1) we conclude that for small TLBs (high miss rates) fully-associative TLBs consume less power but for larger TLBs (low miss rates) set-associative TLBs are better.
Wnt10b induces chemotaxis of osteosarcoma and correlates with reduced survival (2008)

These results further supports a possible autocrine or paracrine Wnt pathway in metastatic potential of OS.
Formylation Domain:  An Essential Modifying Enzyme for the Nonribosomal Biosynthesis of Linear Gramicidin (2006)

Formylation is an important part of ribosomal peptide synthesis of prokaryotes. In nonribosomal peptide synthesis, however, N-formylation is rather unusual and therefore so far unexplored. In this work, the first module of the linear gramicidin nonribosomal peptide synthetase, LgrA1, consisting of a hypothetical formylation domain, an adenylation, and a peptidyl carrier protein domain was tested for formyltransferase activity in vitro. We demonstrate here that the putative formylation domain does indeed transfer the formyl group of formyltetrahydrofolate (fH4F) onto the first amino acid valine using both cofactors N10- and N5-fH4F, respectively. Most important, the necessity of the formylated starter unit formyl-valine for the initiation of the gramicidin biosynthesis was tested by elongation assays with the bimodular system from LgrA. By omitting the formyl group donor, no condensation product of valine with the subsequent building block glycine was detected, whereas the dipeptide formyl-valyl-glycine was found when assayed in the presence of either formyl donor. The proven formylation activity of the first domain of LgrA represents a novel tailoring enzyme in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
Alkylene-bridged silsesquioxane sol-gel synthesis and xerogel characterization. Molecular requirements for porosity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylene-bridged silsesquioxane sol-gel synthesis and xerogel characterization. Molecular requirements for porosityHenry W. Oviatt, Jr., Kenneth J. Shea, and James H. SmallCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 7, 943–950Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00031a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00031a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views972Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clostridioides difficile Colonization Is Differentially Associated With Gut Microbiome Profiles by Infant Feeding Modality at 3–4 Months of Age (2019)

Colonization with <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> occurs in up to half of infants under the age of 3 months, is strongly influenced by feeding modality and is largely asymptomatic. In spite of this, <i>C. difficile</i>'s presence has been associated with susceptibility to chronic disease later in childhood, perhaps by promoting or benefiting from changes in infant gut microbiome development, including colonization with pathogenic bacteria and disrupted production of microbial bioactive metabolites and proteins. In this study, the microbiomes of 1554 infants from the CHILD Cohort Study were described according to <i>C. difficile</i> colonization status and feeding mode at 3-4 months of age. <i>C. difficile</i> colonization was associated with a different gut microbiome profile in exclusively breastfed (EBF) vs. exclusively formula fed (EFF) infants. EBF infants colonized with <i>C. difficile</i> had an increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, greater microbiota alpha-diversity, greater detectable fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and lower detectable fecal secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) than those not colonized. Similar but less pronounced differences were seen among partially breastfed infants (PBF) but EFF infants did not possess these differences in the gut microbiome according to colonization status. Thus, breastfed infants colonized with <i>C. difficile</i> appear to possess a gut microbiome that differs from non-colonized infants and resembles that of EFF infants, but the driving force and direction of this association remains unknown. Understanding these compositional differences as drivers of <i>C. difficile</i> colonization may be important to ensure future childhood health.
Nucleic Acid and Protein Quantitation in the Microplate Format (2001)

The quantitation of nucleic acids and protein are measurements common to many applications in basic science and clinical research. Several different assays for either total protein or nucleic acids that can be performed in microplates are described. In addition, the fundamental differences between conventional tube-based instrumentation and microplate readers and how these differences relate to the assays are discussed.
Calculation of coefficients of perturbative nonlinear pre-compensation for Nyquist pulses (2014)

We present an alternative derivation of analytical expressions for the coefficients of the perturbative nonlinear pre-compensation algorithm in dispersion-unmanaged regime for arbitrary pulse shapes. We specialize to Nyquist pulse-shapes and show the usefuleness of new formulae through simulations and experiments.
Importance of shear in prosthetic valve closure dynamics. (2011)

The study results implicate that RBV transients at or near mechanical valve closure, and not the forward or closed flow phase, as being primary to the shear-induced activation of the coagulation cascade. Results obtained in vitro for an experimental trileaflet mechanical valve (Triflo) were tested only in the aortic site similar to those obtained with tissue valves.