gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoinductive and Electroinductive Coupling in Plasmonic Metamaterial Molecules (2008)

Metamaterial molecules are formed by magnetoinductive and electroinductive coupling of two single split-ring resonators (SRRs). Structural symmetry breaking enables inductive coupling between bright and dark “SRR atoms”, represented by white and black spheres. This coupling allows the formation of new hybridized plasmonic modes. The energetic level splitting between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes is shown.
Interactive phone call (2011)

Smartphones provide large amounts of personal data, functionalities, and apps and make a substantial part of our daily communication. But during phone calls the phone cannot be used much beyond voice communication and does not offer support for synchronous collaboration. This is owed to the fact that first, despite the availability of alternatives, the phone is typically held at one's ear; and second that the small mobile screen is less suited to be used with existing collaboration software. This paper presents a novel in-call collaboration system that leverages projector phones as they provide a large display that can be used while holding the phone to the ear to project an interactive interface anytime and anywhere. The system uses a desktop metaphor user interface and provides a private and a shared space, live mirroring of the shared space and user defined access rights to shared content. We evaluated the system in a comparative user study. The results of the user study highlight the general benefits of synchronous in-call collaboration and in particular the advantages of the projected display and our developed concepts. Our findings inform future designers of synchronous remote collaboration software for interactive surfaces.
Fractionalization in Josephson junction arrays hinged by quantum spin Hall edges (2010)

We study a superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor (SC-FM-SC) Josephson array deposited on top of a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator. The Majorana bound state at the interface between SC and FM leads to charge-$e$ tunneling between neighboring superconductor islands, in addition to the usual charge-$2e$ Cooper pair tunneling. Moreover, because Majorana fermions encode the information of charge number parity, an exact ${Z}_{2}$ gauge structure naturally emerges and leads to many new phases, including a deconfined phase where electrons fractionalize into charge-$e$ bosons and topological defects. A deconfined SC-insulator transition has also been found.
Differential regulation of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor protein and mRNA levels by glucocorticoids during 3T3-F442A adipose differentiation. (1990)

The regulation by dexamethasone of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor expression during the adipose differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was investigated at the receptor protein and mRNA level. Preadipocytes were poorly responsive to beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) agonists and expressed few beta-ARs (approximately 3,000 sites/cell) solely of beta 1 subtype. Differentiation increased adrenergic sensitivity and total beta-AR number (approximately 16,000 sites/cell) with a beta 1/beta 2 ratio of approximately 90/10. Long term exposure of either differentiating cells or mature adipocytes to dexamethasone induced down-regulation of (-)-isoproterenol-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity which paralleled a 2- to 3.5-fold decrease in beta-ARs, while the beta 1/beta 2 ratio switched to approximately 20/80. The ratios of beta 1/beta 2 binding sites were always consistent with the rank order of potency of beta-adrenergic agonists in stimulating the adenylate cyclase system. The action of steroid agonists and antagonist suggested a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated mechanism. The beta 1-AR mRNA (3.2 kilobases) was stimulated 3-4.7 times in differentiated cells, as compared with preadipose cells; this beta 1-AR transcript was repressed in dexamethasone-treated cells. The beta 2-AR mRNA species (2.3 kilobases), absent in preadipocytes, was expressed at low levels in untreated adipocytes, but reached 11-fold this level in dexamethasone-exposed cells. The switch in receptor subtype protein and mRNA levels elicited by dexamethasone demonstrates the differential genetic control by glucocorticoids of beta-AR subtype expression in 3T3-F442A cells. We suggest that this regulation of beta-AR gene expression requires interactions of glucocorticoid receptors with specific DNA targets and with one (or several) transcription factor(s) that are cell- and differentiation state-dependent.
The effects of MOSFET output capacitance in high frequency applications (2003)

In high-frequency power converters (those with switching frequencies >200 kHz) losses associated with charging and discharging the MOSFET's output capacitance begin to affect system efficiency. It is noted that knowing these losses improves predictions of the frequency at which zero-voltage-switched resonant topologies become more efficient than zero-current-switched converters or related square-wave devices. Ways to estimate these losses are shown. Emphasis is placed on determining the losses due to C/sub dg/, since they are especially troublesome to calculate. It is observed that the concept of gate charge greatly improved the understanding of the MOSFET's input characteristics, and there is some benefit to applying similar charge concepts to the output capacitances. A quick summary of gate charge concepts lays the foundation for an in-depth look at how gate charge data and losses due to C/sub dg/ are related.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PEST-a tool for implementing pseudo-exhaustive self test (2002)

Pseudo-exhaustive self-test (PEST) is a built-in self-test (BIST) methodology. This methodology guarantees 100% stuck-at fault coverage without fault simulation or test generation. PEST is a software tool developed to implement pseudo-exhaustive self-test. PEST has been used in two chip designs. This work briefly describes the pseudo-exhaustive self-test methodology and its implementation in the PEST software tool. Comparative advantages of pseudo-exhaustive self-test over other BIST methodologies are discussed. Before concluding with a short user guide, some facts about the tool are presented and reference given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor on Androgen Physiology in the Immature Male Rat* (1989)

To provide insight into the role of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in postnatal androgen physiology, we administered the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride to male rats from birth through the onset of puberty. In 4-week-old control rats serum testosterone levels averaged 0.21 ng/ml, and DHT levels averaged 0.64 ng/ml. By 7 weeks of age, testosterone levels increased more than 7-fold to 1.57 ng/ml, while the circulating DHT level declined to 0.26 ng/ml. In both the 4- and 7-week-old inhibitor-treated animals, circulating DHT levels were 25-50% of control values, and circulating testosterone levels were higher than control values. In 7-week-old inhibitor-treated rats, the weights of prostate, penis, seminal vesicles, and epididymal tissues were only 30-50% those of the controls. However, DHT formation is apparently not critical for postnatal development of the preputial glands or the androgen-dependent perineal muscles, since the weights of these tissues were not affected by treatment with inhibitor. Treatment with the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor had no apparent effect on testicular histology or daily sperm production despite the fact that testicular DHT content was lower (70%) and testosterone content was higher (250%) than those in controls. We conclude that DHT formation is important for the normal postnatal growth of the prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, and penis and may be important for normal feedback control of testosterone production in rats, but that its formation is not critical for the onset of spermatogenesis or the development of the preputial glands or the androgen-dependent perineal muscles.
Wall Street words : an A to Z guide to investment terms for today's investor (2003)

More than 100 case studies illustrating real-world investment examples--plus 50 insightful tips from industry professionals--make this new edition the most comprehensive and useful reference for today's investor.
RFID-Based Equipment Monitoring System (2011)

Automated monitoring systems are becoming trends, creating easier method to identify item, tracking, monitoring and add on security values. In places where there are lots of items accessed by many users, the tendency of loss is high due to weakness in items monitoring. Here, we briefly describe our research on the university's laboratory perspectives. The main aim of the research is to work out a generic approach of monitoring items in a place with several rooms. For example, there are laboratories with expensive equipments are available in a university to support teaching and learning session. Conventional approach of checking items for every session is difficult for lab administrator as most libraries are being used by more than 20 students per session.These leads to a challenge for lab administrator to monitor the flow of these items are always in place. Currently, the monitoring of laboratory equipments is performed manually by the lab administrator during each laboratory sessions. For every loan of equipment, a log book needs to be filled up in order to keep track the transaction information.This system was found to have a lot of weaknesses such as misuse of the equipment log records, losses of equipment, no in-out transaction record and misplace of equipments. To automate the process, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is identified as one of the most practical and applicable in real time implementation in-line with the nature where most of the systems are made computerized. In this paper, a solution has been provided for the problem encountered in laboratory equipment monitoring system using RFID technology. Therefore RFID-based monitoring system has been designed and developed to solve the problem associated with the handling of laboratory equipments. This chapter is organised as follows. Section 2 describes related works on RFID-based monitoring system. The architecture of the system is mentioned in section 3. Application scenario and the implementation are briefly explained in section 4 and 5 respectively. Finally, the chapter is concluded in Chapter 6.
Particle Formation by Self-Assembly in Controlled Radical Emulsion Polymerizations (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTParticle Formation by Self-Assembly in Controlled Radical Emulsion PolymerizationsRobert G. GilbertView Author Information Key Centre for Polymer Colloids, School of Chemistry F11, Sydney University, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 12, 4256–4258Publication Date (Web):May 19, 2006Publication History Received9 March 2006Revised22 April 2006Published online19 May 2006Published inissue 1 June 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0605301https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0605301brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Monomers,Polymer particles,Radical polymerization,RAFT polymerization,Self organization Get e-Alerts
Ebert Spectrometer for the Far Infrared (1959)

An Ebert spectrometer is described with regard to its design, construction, and performance. It is intended cover the 500–20 cm−1 region, and has so far been tested between 500 and 150 cm−1, where a resolution of 0.5 cm−1 is uniformly attained. The advantages of the Ebert optics in the long wavelength infrared are that they lead to a compact, simple, and convenient instrument for this difficult region of the spectrum, the performance of which is at least equal to that of the more elaborate instruments.
Silicon fusion bonding and its characterization (1992)

The basic principles of wafer fusion bonding including pretreatment, room temperature mating, and thermal annealing are presented. Techniques for the characterization of the bond quality are reviewed. Results for fusion bonding of other materials such as silicon nitride and polysilicon are discussed with a view to bond quality and application. Examples of fusion processes for power device fabrication show the feasibility of the technique.
Molecular-beam epitaxial growth of In<i>x</i>Al1−<i>x</i>As on GaAs (1994)

The surface reconstruction of InAlAs on GaAs between 490 and 700 °C has been investigated during molecular-beam epitaxial growth. It is found that the surface reconstruction of InAlAs is similar to that of AlGaAs alloy. The (2×1) and (1×1) surfaces occur at a substrate temperature between 490 and 650 °C, while at a temperature above 650 °C, the ordered As-stabilized (3×2 surface appeared during the steady-state growth. InAlAs/GaAs heteroepitaxial layers have been analyzed and reveal that the residual strain in the epilayers is strongly dependent on the composition as well as the thickness of the epilayer. These characteristics are consistent with the InGaAs/GaAs system.
Methods of generating dense relaxed amorphous polymer samples for use in dynamic simulations (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethods of generating dense relaxed amorphous polymer samples for use in dynamic simulationsJonathan I. McKechnie, David Brown, and Julian H. R. ClarkeCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 5, 1562–1567Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00031a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00031a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The orf virus OV20.0L gene product is involved in interferon resistance and inhibits an interferon‐inducible, double‐stranded RNA‐dependent kinase (1998)

The parapoxvirus orf virus was resistant to type 1 (IFN-alpha) and type 2 (IFN-gamma) interferons in cultures of ovine cells. The recently identified orf virus OV20.0L gene exhibits 31% predicted amino acid identity to the vaccinia virus E3L interferon-resistance gene, and is referred to as the (putative) orf virus interferon-resistance gene (OVIFNR). The objective of this study was to determine whether OVIFNR was involved in interferon resistance. Recombinant OVIFNR as a thioredoxin fusion protein (OVIFNR-Tx) inhibited the activation (by autophosphorylation) of an interferon-inducible, double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent kinase (PKR) of sheep, which was shown to bind dsRNA (poly I:C). PKR in other species is involved in the inhibition of protein synthesis as part of the antiviral state in infected cells. Virus-infected cell lysates, but not control lysates, from cells grown in the presence of cytosine arabinoside also contained PKR inhibitory activity, which indicated that the inhibitory activity was associated with early viral gene expression. Significantly, the OVIFNR gene expressed in interferon-treated ovine fibroblasts protected the unrelated Semliki Forest virus from the antiviral effect of both type 1 and type 2 interferons. Taken together, the results indicate that the OVIFNR gene functions as an interferon-resistance gene, the product of which inhibits PKR in a similar way to the vaccinia virus E3L gene product.
Veterinary Public Health (1994)

Exotic animal diseases are proving to be a huge threat to the viability of Australia's livestock industries. They can destroy entire livestock industries and severely interfere with the country's balance of payments. The disposal of such animal carcasses must be thorough to prevent environmental contamination.
Computer viruses: ways of reproduction in MS-DOS (2002)

The methods used by computer viruses to reproduce themselves in IBM PC-compatibles operating under MS-DOS are studied. The results can be of use for classification of viruses and the creation of anti-virus tools. Viruses are examined under the following headings: irritating viruses, viruses that damage files, viruses that damage the file system and viruses that injure the hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cryptosporidiosis among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Factors Related to Symptomatic Infection and Survival (1996)

The authors reviewed the medical records of 194 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients newly diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis and all 3,564 patients with newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at San Francisco General Hospital for the period 1986-1992. The study was designed to address three questions: 1) How do AIDS patients who present with cryptosporidiosis differ from other patients with AIDS? 2) What factors are associated with survival among AIDS patients with newly diagnosed cryptosporidiosis? 3) Does a diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis impact survival after AIDS diagnosis? A total of 194 cases of cryptosporidiosis among HIV-infected patients were identified during the study period. Of the 194 patients, 109 (56%) had no prior diagnosis of AIDS. These 109 patients represented 3.1% of the 3,564 newly diagnosed cases of AIDS in the same period. Among the 134 patients with CD4 T-lymphocyte counts performed within 3 months of Cryptosporidium diagnosis, 34 (25%) had CD4 counts greater than 209 cells/ml. In a multivariate conditional logistic regression model, the incidence of Cryptosporidium was related to ethnicity (for blacks vs. whites, matched odds ratio (OR) = 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.73), CD4 count (for a CD4 count of < or = 53 cells/ml vs. > 53 cells/ml, matched OR = 12.60, 95% CI 4.01-39.61), and age (for a 10-year increase, matched OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.98). Two factors measured at the time of Cryptosporidium diagnosis were identified as being independently associated with survival (p < 0.001) in the proportional hazards model: CD4 count < or = 53 cells/ml versus > 53 cells/ml (relative hazard = 6.18, 95% CI 2.99-12.76) and hematocrit < or 37% versus > 37% (relative hazard = 2.27, 95% CI 1.22-4.22). The median durations of survival in the four subgroups of Cryptosporidium-infected patients defined by these two variables differed significantly from each other (range, 204-1,119 days). Cryptosporidiosis as an initial AIDS-defining diagnosis was associated with an elevated relative hazard of death in comparison with other AIDS-defining diagnoses (relative hazard = 2.01, 95% CI 1.38-2.93). These data identify the groups of HIV-infected individuals at risk for presentation with symptomatic Cryptosporidium infection; the distinct survival patterns among subgroups of those patients already infected with this parasite; and the survival of AIDS patients with newly diagnosed cryptosporidiosis relative to patients with other AIDS-defining conditions. Such information is necessary for the design of prospective studies, the development of prophylactic strategies, the evaluation of candidate therapies, and the provision of prognostic information to patients.
µ<sub>3</sub>-Oxotrimetal acetato-complexes of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, and iridium (1973)

New pyridine- and β-picoline-containing oxo-centred complex ions [M3IIIO(CO2Me)6L3]+, M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, and Ir, L = py and β-pic, were synthesised and their redox behaviour studied electrochemically. There is evidence for reduced species in which the oxo-centred triangular structure is maintained in the case of the Mn, Fe, and Co complexes but these could not be isolated. For iridium, complexes [Ir3III,III,IVO(CO2Me)6L3]+2 in which the metal atom is in the mean oxidation state 3⅓ have also been characterised and shown to undergo reduction to the IrIII species. Attempts to prepare oxo-centred complexes of Cu, Ag, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Mo were unsuccessful. The cobalt complex ion [Co3O(CO2Me)6L3]+ appears to be different from the other oxo-centred ions and a structure with both bridging and chelate acetato-groups is proposed.
A Developmental Switch of AMPA Receptor Subunits in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons (2002)

AMPA receptors mediate most of the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and those lacking the glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit are Ca(2+)-permeable and expressed in cortical structures primarily by inhibitory interneurons. Here we report that synaptic AMPA receptors of excitatory layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the rat neocortex are deficient in GluR2 in early development, approximately before postnatal day 16, as evidenced by their inwardly rectifying current-voltage relationship, blockade of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs by external and internal polyamines, permeability to Ca(2+), and GluR2 immunoreactivity. Overall, these results indicate that neocortical pyramidal neurons undergo a developmental switch in the Ca(2+) permeability of their AMPA receptors through an alteration of their subunit composition. This has important implications for plasticity and neurotoxicity.