gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt ligand expression in malignant melanoma: pilot study indicating correlation with histopathological features (2003)

The expression pattern of Wnt ligands in malignant melanoma correlates with histopathological features and may provide a basis for the molecular classification of this disease.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: An update and review (2016)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life threatening condition characterized by severe hypoxemia due to pulmonary gas exchange failure and was first recognized in 1960s.Since its first description, it has undergone intensive research in the past few decades to understand its pathogenesis and therapies. Despite this, the recommended therapies to decrease mortality in ARDS remain limited and include low-tidal volume mechanical ventilation, prone ventilation and recently, the ECMO rescue therapy in extreme cases. This review article will summarize the key features of ARDS with a brief overview of the therapeutic options in the management of ARDS.
Biologically Active Metabolites from Xenorhabdus Spp., Part 2. Benzopyran-1-one Derivatives with Gastroprotective Activity (1991)

Two novel antibiotic compounds, named xenocoumacins 1 [2] and 2 [3], with potent antiulcer activity were isolated from cultures of Xenorhabdus spp. Both compounds exhibit antibacterial activity and potent antiulcer activity against stress-induced ulcers when dosed orally. In addition, 2 has antifungal activity. Their chemical structures were determined by extensive 1H-nmr, 13C-nmr, and mass spectral studies to be 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one derivatives.
Where on-line meets on the streets (2003)

We describe two games in which online participants collaborated with mobile participants on the city streets. In the first, the players were online and professional performers were on the streets. The second reversed this relationship. Analysis of these experiences yields new insights into the nature of context. We show how context is more socially than technically constructed. We show how players exploited (and resolved conflicts between) multiple indications of context including GPS, GPS error, audio talk, ambient audio, timing, local knowledge and trust. We recommend not overly relying on GPS, extensively using audio, and extending interfaces to represent GPS error.
Regulation of the Apelinergic System and Its Potential in Cardiovascular Disease: Peptides and Small Molecules as Tools for Discovery (2015)

Apelin peptides and the apelin receptor represent a relatively new therapeutic axis for the potential treatment of cardiovascular disease. Several reports suggest apelin receptor activation with apelin peptides results in cardioprotection as noted through positive ionotropy, angiogenesis, reduction of mean arterial blood pressure, and apoptosis. Considering the potential therapeutic benefit attainable through modulation of the apelinergic system, research is expanding to develop novel therapies that limit the inherent rapid degradation of endogenous apelin peptides and produce metabolically stable small molecule agonists and antagonists to more rigorously interrogate the apelin receptor system. This review details the structure-activity relationships for chemically modified apelin peptides and recent disclosures of small molecule agonists and antagonists and summarizes the peer reviewed and patented literature. Development of metabolically stable ligands of apelin receptor and their effects in various models over the coming years will hopefully lead to establishment of this receptor as a validated target for cardiovascular indications.
Influence of the Deposition Temperature on the c-Si Surface Passivation by Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] Films Synthesized by ALD and PECVD (2010)

The material properties and c-Si surface passivation have been investigated for Al 2 O 3 films deposited using thermal and plasma atomic layer deposition ALD and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVD for temperatures T dep between 25 and 400C. Optimal surface passivation by ALD Al 2 O 3 was achieved at T dep = 150-250C with S eff 3 cm/s for 2 cm p-type c-Si. PECVD Al 2 O 3 provided a comparable high level of passivation for T dep = 150-300C and contained a high fixed negative charge density of 6 10 12 cm -2 . Outstanding surface passivation performance was therefore obtained for thermal ALD, plasma ALD, and PECVD for a relatively wide range of Al 2 O 3 material properties.
Load/Price Forecasting and Managing Demand Response for Smart Grids: Methodologies and Challenges (2012)

With the promises of smart grids, power can be more efficiently and reliably generated, transmitted, and consumed over conventional electricity systems. Through the two-way flow of information between suppliers and consumers, the grids can also adapt more readily to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources and encourage users' participation in energy savings and cooperation through the demand-response (DR) mechanism. An important issue in smart grids is therefore how to manage DR to reduce peak electricity load and hence future investment in thermal generations and transmission networks, and better utilize renewable energies to reduce our dependence on hydrocarbon. Effective DR depends critically on demand management and price/load/renewable energy forecasting, which call for sophisticated signal processing and optimization techniques. The objectives of this article are to: 1) introduce to the signal processing community the concept of smart grids, especially on the problems of price/load forecasting and DR management (DRM) and optimization, 2) highlight related signal processing applications and state-of-the-art methodologies, and 3) share the authors' research experience through concrete examples on price predictions and DRM and optimization, with emphasis on recursive online solutions and future challenges.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (2016)

MCI is an important clinical entity to identify, and while uncertainties persist, clinicians need to be aware of its diagnostic features to enable them to counsel patients. MCI remains an active area of research as numerous randomized controlled trials are being conducted to develop effective treatments.
Fault Tolerance for VLSI Multicomputers (1985)

The performance requirements of future high-end computers will only be met by systems that facilitate the exploitation of the parallelism inherent in the algorithms that they execute. One such system is a multicomputer that consists of hundreds or thousands of VLSI computation nodes interconnected by dedicated links. Some important applications of high-end computers, such as weather forecasting, require continuous correct operation for many hours. This requirement can only be met if the system is fault-tolerant, i.e., can continue to operate correctly despite the failure of some of its components. This dissertation investigates the use of fault tolerance techniques to increase the reliability of VLSI multicomputers. Different techniques are evaluated in the context of the entire system, its implementation technology, and intended applications. A proposed fault tolerance scheme combines hardware that performs error detection and system-level protocols for error recovery and fault treatment. Practical design and implementation tradeoffs are discussed. <p> A fault-tolerant system must identify erroneous information produced by faulty hardware. It is shown that a high probability of error detection can be achieved with self-checking nodes implemented using duplication and comparison. The requirements for detecting errors caused by hardware faults are: (1) the comparator is fault-free, and (2) the functional modules never produce identical incorrect outputs. Requirement (1) is fulfilled with a self-testing comparator that signals its own faults during normal operation. An implementation of such a comparator using MOS PLAs is discussed. Requirement (2) is fulfilled with two modules that are implemented differently so that, although they perform identical functions, they have a low probability of failing simultaneously in exactly the same way. Low-cost techniques for implementing such modules are presented. <p> The detection of an error implies that the state of the system has been corrupted. In order to recover from the error and resume correct operation, a valid system state must be restored. A low-overhead, application-transparent error recovery scheme for multicomputers is presented. It involves periodic checkpointing of the entire system state, using protocols that ensure that the saved states of all the nodes are consistent, and rolling back to the last checkpoint when an error is detected
A combined fuzzy-logic and physics-of-failure approach to reliability prediction (1995)

An original reliability prediction procedure is presented. The physics of failure accounts for the failure mechanisms involved (a lognormal distribution was presumed); the interactions (synergies) between the technology factors depending on the manufacturing techniques are considered. The basis of this methodology (called SYRP=synergetic reliability prediction) is the assessment of failure-risk coefficients (FRC), based on fuzzy logic, for the potential failure mechanisms induced at each manufacturing step. These FRC are corrected at the subsequent steps by considering the synergy of the manufacturing factors, At the end of the manufacturing process, final FRC are obtained for each potential failure mechanism; the parameters of the lognormal distribution are calculated with a simple algorithm. Experimental results for four lots of the same type of semiconductor devices, each lot being manufactured with a slightly different technology, were obtained. SYRP forecasts for these four lots agree well with accelerated life test results. This is a fairly good result, because SYRP was used early, at the design phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum Nearest-Neighbor Algorithms for Machine Learning (2014)

We present several quantum algorithms for performing nearest-neighbor learning. At the core of our algorithms are fast and coherent quantum methods for computing distance metrics such as the inner product and Euclidean distance. We prove upper bounds on the number of queries to the input data required to compute these metrics. In the worst case, our quantum algorithms lead to polynomial reductions in query complexity relative to the corresponding classical algorithm. In certain cases, we show exponential or even super-exponential reductions over the classical analog. We study the performance of our quantum nearest-neighbor algorithms on several real-world binary classification tasks and find that the classification accuracy is competitive with classical methods.
Etching characteristics and mechanism of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films in inductively coupled Cl2∕Ar plasma (2008)

This work reports the investigations of both etch characteristics and mechanisms for the Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films in the Cl2∕Ar inductively coupled plasma. The GST etch rates and etch selectivities over SiO2 were measured as functions of the Cl2∕Ar mixing ratio (43%–86% Ar), gas pressure (4–10mTorr), and source power (400–700W). Langmuir probe diagnostics and zero-dimensional (global) plasma modeling provided the information on plasma parameters and behaviors of plasma active species. From the model-based analysis of surface kinetics, it was found that with variations of the Cl2∕Ar mixing ratio and gas pressure, the GST etch rate follows the changes of Cl atom density and flux but contradicts with those for positive ions. The GST etch mechanism in the Cl2-containing plasmas represents a combination of spontaneous and ion-assisted chemical reactions with no limitation by ion-surface interaction kinetics such as physical sputtering of the main material or the ion-stimulated desorption of low volatile reaction products.
Modern physical metallurgy and materials engineering : science, process, applications (1999)

For many years, various editions of Smallman's Modern Physical Metallurgy have served throughout the world as a standard undergraduate textbook on metals and alloys. In 1995, it was rewritten and enlarged to encompass the related subject of materials science and engineering and appeared under the title Metals & Materials: Science, Processes, Applications offering a comprehensive amount of a much wider range of engineering materials. Coverage ranged from pure elements to superalloys, from glasses to engineering ceramics, and from everyday plastics to in situ composites, Amongst other favourable
High-performance liquid chromatography of quinidine in plasma, with use of a microparticulate silica column. (1978)

We describe a routine method for determining plasma concentrations of quinidine by liquid chromatography. The procedure requires 1.0 ml of plasma (or serum) and involves internal standard addition, extraction with ether, and separation on a column of microparticulate silica. Day-to-day CV (15 days) was less than 5% and no deterioration in column performance has been observed during 12 months. Comparison with a fluorometric procedure gave a correlation coefficient of 0.995.
Preparation of Spray-Dried Wettable Powder Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis-Based Biopesticides (2003)

Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide among many methods available to control insects. To make a saleable product, B. thuringiensis must be substantially concentrated by removal of water and formulated to improve longevity, efficacy, and ease of transport of the product. B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai culture broth as an active ingredient was mixed with various adjuvants and then spray dried. The optimum conditions for spray drying were found to be an outlet temperature of 60-85 degrees C and an inlet temperature of 120-180 degrees C. Various adjuvants had different effects on physical and biological properties of the dried product. Gelatinized tapioca starch and milk powder improved suspensibility but adversely affected wettability of the dried formulated product. Vegetable oil and Tween 20 enhanced wettability but resulted in poor suspensibility. Silica fume was used to enhance flowability because it reduced clumping and caking of the powder resulting from the addition of vegetable oil. Formulation containing 10% wt:wt B. thuringiensis, 10% wt:wt gelatinized tapioca starch, 10% wt:wt sucrose, 38% wt:wt tapioca starch, 20% wt:wt milk powder, 10% wt:wt silica fume, 2% wt:wt polyvinyl alcohol, 5% vol:vol Tween 20, 1% vol:vol refined rice bran oil, and 1% vol:vol antifoam solution was found to be optimum in terms of the physical and biological properties of the dried product. This formulation had 55% suspensibility, 24 s for wetting time, and 5.69 x 10(4) CFU/ml of LC50 value against Spodoptera exigua larvae.
THE PREPARATION AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF THE CARBONATES OF Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, AND Sc (1963)

2} {r arrow}{ital Immm}), and the transition temperature increases with the ordinal number of the rare earth, indicating the higher the stability of the ScFe{sub 6} Ga{sub 6} -type structure, the smaller the radius of the rare-earth element. Accordingly, the ThMn{sub 12} -type structure is stable for the early rare-earth members and no transition was observed as low as 400 {degree}C. From magnetization curves it is shown that for REFe{sub 12{minus}{ital x}} Ga{sub {ital x}} (RE=rare earth, Y) all magnetic sublattices order simultaneously at temperatures above {Tc} {approximately}400 K. For Y, Lu, and light rare-earth-containing alloys collinear or canted ferromagnetism is observed. The vector of magnetization was found to be close to the {ital a},{ital b} plane. Strong hysteresis effects are revealed in all alloys. Energy products are highest for (Pr,Sm)Fe{sub {approximately}6}Ga{sub {approximately}6}. For the compounds with the heavy rare-earth elements a ferrimagnetic behavior is encountered. Both magnetic sublattices, i.e., Fe and RE, couple antiparallel, exhibiting easy plane anisotropy. The crystallographic transformation, tetragonal-orthorhombic, has little effect on the magnetic behavior of these alloys.
Training in dermatology in the United Kingdom (1983)

Journal Article Training in dermatology in the United Kingdom Get access Pauline M. Dowd, Pauline M. Dowd St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. Lovell C.R. Lovell St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 109, Issue 2, 1 August 1983, Pages 235–237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb07088.x Published: 01 August 1983
Analytical Investigation of Plasma and Electrode Potentials in a Diode Type RF Discharge (1986)

Electrical potentials of a plasma and both electrodes in a diode type RF discharge are analytically obtained under the assumptions of quasi-static electric fields in an ion sheath, low gas pressure, charge neutrality of the plasma, and η≪1 (η is the ratio of electrode areas). The dependence of d V pD /d U D ( V pD and U D are the DC part of the plasma potential and the potential difference between the plasma and the RF power electrode, respectively) on η is, then, compared with experimental results. We find the following conclusions: 1. The plasma potential does not necessarily have a simple harmonic form, even if the supplied RF power has that form. 2. The DC parts of the plasma potential and the RF power electrode potential change depending on the waveform of the supplied RF power, even if the RF amplitude and η are kept constant. 3. -d V pD /d U D depends quadratically on η, with a proportionality constant K which depends on the waveform of the supplied RF power.
Neutralization of Zika virus by germline-like human monoclonal antibodies targeting cryptic epitopes on envelope domain III (2017)

The Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has emerged as a global public health concern. Pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies against other flaviviruses could modulate immune responses to ZIKV infection by antibody-dependent enhancement, highlighting the importance of understanding the immunogenicity of the ZIKV envelope protein. In this study, we identified a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target domain III (DIII) of the ZIKV envelope protein from a very large phage-display naive antibody library. These germline-like antibodies, sharing 98%-100% hoLogy with their corresponding germline IGHV genes, bound ZIKV DIII specifically with high affinities. One mAb, m301, broadly neutralized the currently circulating ZIKV strains and showed a synergistic effect with another mAb, m302, in neutralizing ZIKV in vitro and in a mouse model of ZIKV infection. Interestingly, epitope mapping and competitive binding studies suggest that m301 and m302 bind adjacent regions of the DIII C-C' loop, which represents a recently identified cryptic epitope that is intermittently exposed in an uncharacterized virus conformation. This study extended our understanding of antigenic epitopes of ZIKV antibodies and has direct implications for the design of ZIKV vaccines.
TABS, a T cell activation antigen that induces LFA-1-dependent aggregation (1995)

We describe here a mAb, DATK44, which induces homotypic aggregation of TK1 cells (a CD8 lymphoma). The glycoprotein recognized by DATK44 is of approximate m.w. 50 kDa and is expressed by monocytes, neutrophils, and subsets of lymphocytes, as well as on the high endothelial venule in peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes. We named this Ag TABS (T cell activation B cell subset Ag), as TABS appears on T lymphocyte activation and is expressed at low and high levels by B cells. TABS is differentially regulated during T lymphocyte development, CD4+veCD8+ve thymocytes being TABShigh, while single positive CD4+ve and CD8+ve thymocytes are TABSdull CD4-veCD8-ve thymocytes are clearly split into dull and bright populations by the mAb. On exit from the thymus, T lymphocytes cease to express TABS, but T lymphocyte activation results in re-expression of TABS. TABS also shows tight coregulation with heat stable Ag on resting lymphocytes, but coexpression of these two molecules is lost upon lymphocyte activation. DATK44-induced aggregation of TK1 cells is temperature sensitive and blocked by pretreatment of the cells with metabolic inhibitors, genestein, dibutyl cAMP or cytochalasin B, while colchicine, staurosporin, sphingosine, okadaic acid, and W7 are without effect. DATK44-induced TK1 cell aggregation appears to be mediated by the LFA-1 pathway, as aggregation is blocked by anti-LFA-1 and anti-ICAM-1 mAbs but not by Abs capable of blocking CD44 and alpha 4 beta 7-mediated adhesion. Thus, TABS appears to be an adhesion inducer that selectively activates LFA-1-mediated lymphocyte aggregation.
Performance of a ratio-threshold diversity combining scheme in FFH/FSK spread spectrum systems in partial band noise interference (2003)

A diversity combining scheme using the Viterbi ratio-threshold technique is discussed. The performance of the ratio-threshold diversity combiner in fast frequency hop spread spectrum systems with M-ary frequency shift keying modulation (FFH/MFSK) in partial band noise interference and background thermal noise is analyzed. Exact bit error probabilities are computed by using an average computation model. The relationship between the system performance and the system parameters, such as the ratio-threshold, the diversity order, and the thermal noise level, is illustrated. The performance of the combining scheme under worst case interference is compared with that of soft linear combining with perfect side information. One merit of this combiner is that its output can be directly fed to a soft-decision forward error correction decoder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thin ferroelectric films of BaTiO3 on doped silicon (1976)

Abstract Ferroelectric thin films of BaTiO3 of various thicknesses (near 1000 Å) have been fabricated on doped silicon wafers (1–5 ohm-cm) by rf sputtering (13.5 MHz) in pure oxygen. Post-deposition oxidation, annealing, and field stress during deposition improved thin film ferroelectric properties (polarizations, hysteresis loop) which became similar to bulk properties. Electrical characteristics of this structure have been studied in connection with possible use in electrostatic memory devices.
Corner cube array COAT (1982)

A novel coherent optical adaptive system based on the pistonwise control of an array of corner cubes (CCA-COAT) is presented as phase conjugator. Its performance is analytically examined in detail, and it is numerically compared with that of a segmented-mirror COAT, showing that the CCA-COAT can attain typically a several times larger Strehl ratio when the same number of elements is used. Some basic experimental results indicating its effectiveness are also shown.