gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TIME REVERSAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE MICROWAVE RANGE: DESCRIPTION OF THE RADAR AND RESULTS (2010)

We present a new RADAR system able to perform Phase Conjugation experiments over the ultrawideband [2-4] GHz. The system is equipped with a transmit/receive linear array made of eight antennas connected to a 2-port Vector Network Analyzer through eight independent couples of digitally-controlled RF attenuators and phase shifters. Thus, each channel can selectively transmit or receive and can as well attenuate and phase shift the RF signal. For each frequency, either the Phase Conjugation or the Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator (DORT) is applied to the received signal and the appropriate amplitude and phase law is coded into the prototype; the focusing wave is then experimentally re-emitted by the array. The quality of the achieved backpropagation is evaluated both in frequency and time domain: In this sense we can speak of Time Reversal. The excellent agreement between measured and theoretical results validates the potential of our system.
Terahertz dielectric waveguides (2013)

Several classes of non-planar metallic and dielectric waveguides have been proposed in the literature for guidance of terahertz (THz) or T-ray radiation. In this review, we focus on the development of dielectric waveguides, in the THz regime, with reduced loss and dispersion. First, we examine different THz spectroscopy configurations and fundamental equations employed for characterization of THz waveguides. Then we divide THz dielectric waveguides into three classes: solid-core, hollow-core, and porous-core waveguides. The guiding mechanism, fabrication steps, measured loss, and dispersion are presented for the waveguides in each class in chronological order. The goal of this review is to compare and contrast the current solutions for guiding THz radiation. © 2013 Optical Society of America.
Speed of ion-trap quantum-information processors (2000)

We investigate theoretically the speed limit of quantum gate operations for ion trap quantum information processors. The proposed methods use laser pulses for quantum gates that entangle the electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom of the trapped ions. Two of these methods are studied in detail and for both of them the speed is limited by a combination of the recoil frequency of the relevant electronic transition, and the vibrational frequency in the trap. We have experimentally studied the gate operations below and above this speed limit. In the latter case, the fidelity is reduced, in agreement with our theoretical findings.
Hexahedrally Based Crystals in Human Tooth Enamel (1992)

Mg-containing calcium phosphate crystals including pseudocuboidal, rhombohedral shapes and groupings of quadrangular blades cubically arranged were found in human tooth enamel by scanning electron microscopy and by electron probe microanalysis. In caries-free old enamel, these hexahedrally based crystals measuring 0.5-2.5 microns in length were observed in some crevices of tufts and lamellae. The crystals were rarely seen in the inner crevices of caries-free exfoliated deciduous enamel and none could be seen in sound young enamel. In brown-coloured old enamel possessing arrested caries with lamellae, some of the lamellae contained crystals measuring 0.1-1.5 mu in length adjacent to half-dissolved prisms. These crystals, identified as Mg-containing whitlockite, will grow during a long period after eruption of the tooth or during the enamel caries process.
Effect of Body Position on Pulmonary Function (1985)

Pulmonary physical therapy has focused largely on improving ventilation. Bronchial drainage techniques have incorporated body positioning to effect gravity-assisted mucous clearance and to enhance air entry. Body position directly affects ventilation and perfusion matching and arterial oxygen levels. This article briefly describes the role of body positioning on lung function and the clinical implications of this as a treatment priority. The effect of body position on arterial oxygen levels and lung function is discussed for the following positions: erect, lean forward, supine, lateral, prone, head-down tilt, hands and knees, and upside down. The implications of these positions are discussed for both the patient who has lung dysfunction and for the individual who may be at risk for developing pulmonary complications. Research is needed to investigate the principles of therapeutic positioning for optimal gas exchange and lung function. Such work may help to refine pulmonary physical therapy procedures and to identify the role of judicious positioning in a therapeutic exercise regimen.
A Model For Representing Statistical Objects (1991)

In this paper the structure and the semantic properties of the entities stored in databases, whose data are only aggregate-type data, are defined and discussed. This choice is justified by the wide spread use of aggregate data without the corresponding raw data (i.e. micro-data, such as census data). Aggregate data are often derived by applying statistical aggregation (e.g. sum, count) and statistical analysis functions over micro-data, so that the relative databases are called &quot;statistical databases&quot;. For this reason in this paper the above entities are called statistical object and a new representation model based on a graph representation is proposed. Finally representational problems in current models are identified and some solutions are proposed.
Increased Rates of Genomic Deletions Generated by Mutations in the Yeast Gene Encoding DNA Polymerase δ or by Decreases in the Cellular Levels of DNA Polymerase δ (2000)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, POL3 encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. While yeast POL3 mutant strains that lack the proofreading exonuclease activity of the polymerase have a strong mutator phenotype, little is known regarding the role of other Pol3p domains in mutation avoidance. We identified a number of pol3 mutations in regions outside of the exonuclease domain that have a mutator phenotype, substantially elevating the frequency of deletions. These deletions appear to reflect an increased frequency of DNA polymerase slippage. In addition, we demonstrate that reduction in the level of wild-type DNA polymerase results in a similar mutator phenotype. Lowered levels of DNA polymerase also result in increased sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methane sulfonate. We conclude that both the quantity and the quality of DNA polymerase delta is important in ensuring genome stability.
Comparative studies on the biology of <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> leukotoxin in primates (1987)

These studies concern the biological properties of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in different primates. We compared the sensitivity of primate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the leukotoxin and determined whether animals had toxin‐neutralizing antibodies in serum. In addition, subgingival plaques from representative non‐human primates were analysed for leukotoxin‐producing A. actinomycetemcomitans. PMNs from different primates varied significantly in sensitivity to leukotoxic extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Neutrophils from humans, the Great Apes and most Old World Monkeys were destroyed upon in vitro exposure to the toxin. By contrast, PMNs from Prosimii, New World Monkeys and the Lesser Apes were not sensitive to the leukotoxin. Human PMNs were more sensitive when compared to PMNs of non‐human primates. Chimpanzee PMNs were closest to human PMNs in terms of sensitivity to the toxin. The data indicate that the leukotoxin has unique specificites for primate PMNs and is especially potent against human leukocytes. Sera from the vast majority of adult primates were capable of neutralizing the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin, including animals whose PMNs were resistant to the toxin. This suggests that most non‐human primates have been exposed to toxin‐producing strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans , and this was confirmed in representative species where leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans could be isolated from subgingival plaque samples. By contrast, less than 20% of sera from normal humans neutralized the leukotoxin whereas over 90% of sera from juvenile periodontitis patients had relatively high toxin‐neutralizing antibody liters. It appears that the majority of adult primates harbor A. actinomycetemcomitans and produce antibodies against the leukotoxin of this organism. In humans, on the other hand, these phenomena are usually associated with destructive periodontal disease. Differences between man and non‐human primates in terms of their sensitivity to and/ or in the dynamics of the immune response against the leukotoxin, may be important determinants in explaining why this organism seems to belong to the normal indigenous oral microflora in some primates but acts as a periodontal pathogen in man.
Spinal 2-Chloroprocaine: A Comparison with Lidocaine in Volunteers (2004)

The spinal anesthetic profile of chloroprocaine (40 mg) compares favorably with the same dose of spinal lidocaine. Reliable sensory and motor blockade with predictable duration and minimal side effects and without signs of transient neurological symptoms make chloroprocaine an attractive choice for outpatient spinal anesthesia.
Changing the enzalutamide form from a capsule to a tablet improves the adherence of medicine intake: A case of a significant decrease in the prostate‐specific antigen level and improvement in radiographic findings (2019)

Introduction In June 2018, enzalutamide began to be sold in a tablet form in Japan and Germany. We herein report the case of an improvement in prostate cancer progression due to changing enzalutamide dosage form from a capsule to a tablet. Case presentation A 76‐year‐old man was initially referred to our hospital for the further examination of his elevated prostate‐specific antigen level (3664.0 ng/mL). He had developed castration‐resistant prostate cancer 10 months after initial treatment. Treatment with enzalutamide (capsule form) was subsequently initiated. In June 2018, drug form of enzalutamide was changed from a capsule to a tablet. After switching to an enzalutamide tablet, his prostate‐specific antigen level decreased significantly from 493.0 to 26.5 ng/mL. Conclusion While the reason for this prostate‐specific antigen response is unclear, changing the enzalutamide form from a capsule to a tablet may have improved the adherence of drug intake and thereby resulted in castration‐resistant prostate cancer control.
Fabrication of parallel-plate nanomirror arrays for extreme ultraviolet maskless lithography (2001)

A micromirror array for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) maskless lithography was designed and fabricated. The arrays are composed of devices with less than a 350 nm actuation gap and a surface area ranging from 1 μm2 to 20 μm2. The mirror layer is composed of silicon in lieu of the Mo/Si stack used for EUV mirrors in order to debug the process and to simplify the initial fabrication. Germanium was used as a sacrificial material while α-Si acts as a hinge for this parallel-plate design. Silicon migration into germanium was observed, so the thermal budget was restrained to 450 °C for the entire process. Scanning electron microscope images of working devices are provided.
Extraluminale Valvuloplastie bei Stamminsuffizienz der V. saphena magna (2004)

Zusammenfassung Die extraluminale Valvuloplastie der Vena-saphenamagna- Mündungsklappe ist eine venenerhaltende operative Therapie, die bei ausgewählten Patienten mit Stamminsuffizienz der Vena saphena magna angewendet werden kann. Die Operation kann über einen kleinen Leistenschnitt durchgeführt werden. Patienten, Methoden: 50 Patienten (54 Beine), bei denen eine extraluminale Valvuloplastie der V. saphena magna-Mündungsklappe durchgeführt worden war, wurden im Schnitt 54 Monate nach dem Eingriff nachuntersucht. Die subjektiven Symptome, die Zufriedenheit mit dem Eingriff wurden erfragt und die Beine mittels Duplexsonographie und Photoplethysmographie untersucht. Ergebnisse: 85% der Patienten waren mit dem Ergebnis des Eingriffes zufrieden. Die subjektiven Beschwerden waren bei der Nachuntersuchung in allen Symptomkategorien signifikant geringer als präoperativ. Die venöse Wiederauffüllzeit war im Schnitt um 5 s verlängert, der Venendurchmesser im Mittel um 3 mm verringert. Eine inkompetente Valvuloplastie fand sich in 6 Fällen (11,1%), eine behandlungsbedürftige Rezidivvarikosis in 10 Fällen (18,5%). Schlussfolgerung: Die extraluminale Valvuloplastie liefert auch nach 5 Jahren gute Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Patientenzufriedenheit, Vermeidung der varikösen Degeneration sowie der Rate an Rezidiven. Obwohl der Langzeiterfolg dieses Verfahrens noch nicht beurteilt werden kann, könnte es bei ausgewählten Patienten eine venenerhaltende Alternative zur klassischen Strippingoperation sein.
FluidPaint (2009)

This paper presents FluidPaint, a novel digital paint system using real wet brushes. A new interactive canvas, accurately registering brush footprints and paint strokes in high precision has been developed. It is based on the real-time imaging of brushes and other painting instruments as well as the real-time co-located rendering of the painting results. This new painting user interface enhances the user experience and the artist's expressiveness. User tests demonstrate the intuitive nature of FluidPaint, naturally integrating interface elements of traditional painting in a digital paint system.
An Overview of Vertebral Axial Decompression (1996)

running 20 billion dollars or more annually. (4,42) Total payments for a single Workman's Compensation claim may be as high as $100,000. Abenhain and Suissa studied the l-year incidence of work related low back pain in the province of Quebec for the year 1981. (1) Work absence due to back pain has an incidence of 1.4%. Seventy-four percent of work related injuries return to work within l month. 7.4% were out of work for more than 6 months. 75% of the direct total cost was borne by 10% of the absentees. Recurrence rates were 20% at l year and 36% after 3 years. Men had higher recurrence rates than women; drivers and nurses had higher recurrence rates than other occupations. The recovery rate of the Quebec workers is similar to other countries. After l year 4.3% remained absent from work. Incidence rates of compensated back injuries by industrial sector showed that foresters and miners are at the top with 4.9% and 3.3% respectively.
Shorting strap tunable single feed dual-band stacked patch PIFA (2003)

A single feed dual-band stacked patch planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is integrated with an RF switch array at one side of its shorting straps to make a tunable PIFA. The L-band switch yields 0.45 dB insertion loss (IL) and 10 dB isolation bandwidth (BW) of >100% at 1.2 GHz. The tunable PIFA yields >100% frequency tunability BW at the 800 MHz band and /spl sim/5% BW at the 1.9 GHz band. The measured radiation patterns are nearly omni-directional and yield a gain of 2.2 dBi at 800 MHz and 4.5 dBi at 1.9 GHz.
Battery switch station modeling and its economic evaluation in microgrid (2012)

Featured by its flexible and reliable operation microgrid has a great prospect for utilizing renewable resources. Electric vehicles can also help relieve the burden of energy supply and environment. Battery switch station (BSS) is an important solution to supply energy for electric vehicles. In this paper a new business model of microgrid-based BSS is proposed. According to battery and charger constraints, a new optimal dispatching strategy of microgrid containing BSS or energy storage station (ESS), wind generator, photovoltaic system, fuel cell, micro turbine and diesel generator is given. The optimization is solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Test cases are carried out to illustrate that additional benefits can be realized by utilizing the BSS as the storage device of the microgrid instead of traditional ESS.
Effect of Temperature on the Performance of Proportional APD-Based Modules for Gamma Ray Detection in Positron Emission Tomography (2008)

MADPET-II is a small animal PET tomograph that features individual lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal readout from avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The detector signals are preamplified by 16-channel fully integrated ASICs which are placed as close as possible to the detector in order to avoid attenuation of the signal or unwanted stray capacitance. However, the power consumption of the preamplifier (30 mW per channel) can cause heat transfer and, consequently, gain drift to temperature sensitive detectors. Temperature measurements on the front-end electronics of MADPET-II have shown a maximum increase of approximately 30 C in the area around the preamplifier and in the area around the APD-LSO detector with respect to room temperature. In the presence of this temperature gradient, energy spectra have been acquired from which a significant drift of the photopeak (3.4% per C) and a small increase of the mean energy resolution (3% over the whole temperature range studied) with increasing temperature has been observed. The effect of temperature on the time resolution is small in comparison to the effect of walk and jitter introduced by the analog processing electronics. The behavior of two 48 LSO-APD front-end detector arrays in coincidence at temperatures below ambient and at various values of the APD bias voltage in terms of energy and time resolution has also been studied. The total current drawn by the APDs (leakage current and photocurrent) has been monitored at various temperatures and APD bias and was modelled and fitted by a theoretical function demonstrating a and dependence. No significant improvement on time resolution with decreasing temperature has been observed. For temperature stabilization and monitoring, thermoelectric cooling is considered appropriate for mounting in the limited free space of a PET scanner, especially when this is inside an MR scanner for simultaneous PET/MR imaging.
China revises minerals export tariffs in 2017 (2017)

[...]the cancellation is considered to relate to a World Trade Organization (WTO) case in the summer of 2016, when both the US and Europe complained about China's export tax on 11 source materials, including graphite. In August, China responded that the export tax on these products was not only helpful to sustainable development, reasonable use of resources and the environment, but also insisted that it complies with WTO regulations.
Python fiber optic seal (1993)

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a high security fiber optic seal that incorporates tamper resistance features that are not available in commercial fiber optic seals. The Python Seal is a passive fiber optic loop seal designed to give indication of unauthorized entry. The seal includes a fingerprint feature that provides seal identity information in addition to the unique fiber optic pattern created when the seal is installed. The fiber optic cable used for the seal loop is produced with tamper resistant features that increase the difficulty of attacking that component of a seal. A Seal Reader has been developed that will record the seal signature and the fingerprint feature of the seal. A Correlator software program then compares seal images to establish a match or mismatch. SNL is also developing a Polaroid reader to permit hard copies of the seal patterns to be obtained directly from the seal.
Novel therapy for advanced gastric cancer (2015)

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common lethal malignancy. Gastroesophageal junction and gastric cardia tumors are the fastest rising malignancies due to increasing prevalence of obesity and acid reflex in the United States. Traditional chemotherapy remains the main treatment with trastuzumab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive disease. The median overall survival (OS) is less than one year for advanced GC patients; thus, there is an urgent unmet need to develop novel therapy for GC. Although multiple targeted agents were studied, only the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor ramucirumab was approved recently by the United States Food and Drug Administration because of its 1.4 mo OS benefit (5.2 mo vs 3.8 mo, P = 0.047) as a single agent; 2.2 mo improvement of survival (9.6 mo vs 7.4 mo, P = 0.017) when combined with paclitaxel in previously treated advanced GC patients. It is the first single agent approved for previously treated GC and the second biologic agent after trastuzumab. Even with limited success, targeted therapy may be improved by developing new biomarkers. Immune therapy is changing the paradigm of cancer treatment and is presently under active investigation for GC in clinical trials. More evidence supports GC stem cells existence and early stage studies are looking for its potential therapeutic possibilities.
Synthesis and configuration of <i>trans</i>‐1‐amino‐4‐benzyl‐2,6‐dimethylpiperazine as an intermediate of semi‐synthetic rifamycins (1974)

Abstract The synthesis of trans ‐1‐amino‐4‐benzyl‐2,6‐dimethylpiperazine (1b), trans ‐4‐benzyl‐2,6‐dimethylpiperazine (VIIb) and trans ‐2,6‐dimethylpiperazine (IIb) are described, by condensation of N ‐benzyl‐1,2‐propanediamine with α‐bromopropionate and successive thermal cyclization and reduction with lithium aluminum hydride. The assignment of the cis, trans configuration to the isomers was based on a thorough examination of the ring proton nmr signals of the two isomers of 4‐benzyl‐2,6‐dimethylpiperazine (VIIa and VIIb) interpreted in terms of conformational considerations.
<i>Digital Signal Processor</i>: An Overview of the Silicon Very-Large-Scale-Integration Implementation (1981)

A programmable digital signal processor integrated circuit has been designed as a general-purpose building block for a variety of telecommunication applications. The device, known as digital signal processor, is a single-chip integrated circuit fabricated in depletion-load NMOS technology and packaged in a 40-pin DIP. This paper describes the silicon very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) implementation of the digital signal processor with emphasis on the circuit design phase. The specific areas discussed are choice of fabrication technology, layout styles, circuit design procedures, and circuit considerations.
Speech-based cursor control using grids: modelling performance and comparisons with other solutions (2005)

Speech recognition can be a powerful tool for use in human – computer interaction, especially in situations where the user's hands are unavailable or otherwise engaged. Researchers have confirmed that existing mechanisms for speech-based cursor control are both slow and error prone. To address this, we evaluated two variations of a novel grid-based cursor controlled via speech recognition. One provides users with nine cursors that can be used to specify the desired location while the second, more traditional solution, provides a single cursor. Our results confirmed a speed/accuracy trade-off with a nine-cursor variant allowing for faster task completion times while the one-cursor version resulted in reduced error rates. Our solutions eliminated the effect of distance, and dramatically reduced the importance of target size as compared to previous speech-based cursor control mechanisms. The results are explored through a predictive model and comparisons with results from earlier studies.
WIDEBAND RADAR ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING USING FREQUENCY- DOMAIN DERIVATIVE BASED UPDATING (2007)

The ability of the HMS to be an effective alert system that provides a safety layer to the APDS controller has been demonstrated in a clinical setting.