gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Quantitative Blood Cultures in the Diagnosis of Catheter‐Related Sepsis in Intensive Care Units (1997)

The aim of this prospective study was to compare differential blood cultures and quantitative catheter tip cultures for the diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis. Over a period of 2 years, 283 central venous catheters were inserted in 190 adult patients. Catheters were removed when they were no longer needed or when infection was suspected. Immediately before removal of the central venous catheters, blood cultures were performed, with blood drawn simultaneously from the catheter and the peripheral vein. After removal, quantitative catheter culture was performed according to the Brun-Buisson modified Cleri technique. Fifty-five quantitative catheter cultures were positive. They were classified as contaminated (n = 18), colonized (n = 23), or infected (n = 14). Differential blood cultures correctly identified 13 infections. With a catheter/peripheral cfu ratio of 8, differential blood cultures had a sensitivity of 92.8% and a specificity of 98.8%. When the catheters were removed because of suspected infection, differential blood cultures had a sensitivity of 92.8% and a specificity of 100%. Differential blood culture, a technique that does not necessitate catheter removal, seems effective in the diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis in patients in the intensive care unit.
Thermally stable ZnO films deposited on GaAs substrates with a SiO2 thin buffer layer (1992)

SiO2 thin films (1000-Å thick) were sputter deposited on GaAs substrates as a buffer layer in order to alleviate a thermal mismatching problem between ZnO films and GaAs substrates. Thermal stability of sputter-deposited ZnO films (0.5–2.0 μm thick) was tested on such a buffered GaAs substrate with a postdeposition heat treatment at 430 °C for 10 min, which is similar to a standard ohmic contact alloying condition. The films sustained the heat treatment well, not showing any crumbling, which has usually been a problem when a ZnO film is deposited directly on a GaAs substrate. The postdeposition anneal treatment also dramatically enhances c-axis orientation of the ZnO films and relieves intrinsic stress almost completely. These improvements are attributed to a reduction of grain boundaries and voids with the anneal treatment as supported by the scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction measurement results.
A probabilistic model for natural language understanding (1993)

Article Free Access Share on A probabilistic model for natural language understanding Authors: Michael Atherton Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville Univ. of Tennessee, KnoxvilleView Profile , Debra A. Lelewer California State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona California State Polytechnic Univ., PomonaView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '93: Proceedings of the 1993 ACM/SIGAPP symposium on Applied computing: states of the art and practiceMarch 1993Pages 586–592https://doi.org/10.1145/162754.168688Published:01 March 1993Publication History 1citation294DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads294Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Alteration of cystatin C in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis (2006)

The protein profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid of 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 10 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 8 inflammatory disease control patients, and 4 noninflammatory disease control patients were screened by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Peaks of 12.5 kDa were significantly lower in multiple sclerosis, NMO, and inflammatory disease control patients than in noninflammatory disease control patients, and 13.4 kDa peaks were higher in NMO than in inflammatory disease control patients. Further analyses demonstrated that both peaks were cystatin C. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the cystatin C levels tended to be lower in multiple sclerosis and NMO. Alterations of cystatin C may relate to the pathogeneses of demyelinating diseases.
Revisiting Milgram and Kishino's Reality-Virtuality Continuum (2021)

Since its introduction in 1994, Milgram and Kishino's reality-virtuality (RV) continuum has been used to frame virtual and augmented reality research and development. While originally, the RV continuum and the three dimensions of the supporting taxonomy (extent of world knowledge, reproduction fidelity, and extent of presence metaphor) were intended to characterize the capabilities of visual display technology, researchers have embraced the RV continuum while largely ignoring the taxonomy. Considering the leaps in technology made over the last 25 years, revisiting the RV continuum and taxonomy is timely. In reexamining Milgram and Kishino's ideas, we realized, first, that the RV continuum is actually discontinuous; perfect virtual reality cannot be reached. Secondly, mixed reality is broader than previously believed, and, in fact, encompasses conventional virtual reality experiences. Finally, our revised taxonomy adds coherence, accounting for the role of users, which is critical to assessing modern mixed reality experiences. The 3D space created by our taxonomy incorporates familiar constructs such as presence and immersion, and also proposes new constructs that may be important as mixed reality technology matures.
Evidence of nitric oxide, a flow-dependent factor, being a trigger of liver regeneration in rats (1998)

The hypothesis tested was that the hemodynamic consequence of partial hepatectomy (PHX) triggers the cascade of events that leads to liver regeneration. After PHX, all the portal flow must go through the remaining vascular bed, thus producing increased shear stress and release of nitric oxide (NO), which then initiates the next stages of the regeneration process. As an index of triggering of the regeneration cascade, we used an in vitro bioassay detecting the appearance of proliferating factors (PFs; various growth factors, cytokines, and hormones) in plasma 4 h after two-thirds PHX in rats. PF levels, assessed using proliferation of cultured hepatocytes, were elevated in two-thirds PHX rats, fully blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and restored by L-arginine. L-NAME inhibited liver weight restoration at 48 h but resulted in high mortality. L-NAME lacked toxic effects in non-PHX rats. NO was directly antiproliferative on cultured cells, suggesting that the proliferative effect of NO in vivo was secondary to the activation of other proliferative stimuli. The data support the hypothesis that vascular shear stress induced release of NO following PHX serves as a primary trigger to initiate the regeneration process.Key words: shear stress, portal blood flow, hyperplasia, hepatic partial hepatectomy.
A Simple Word Trigger Method for Social Tag Suggestion (2011)

It is popular for users in Web 2.0 era to freely annotate online resources with tags. To ease the annotation process, it has been great interest in automatic tag suggestion. We propose a method to suggest tags according to the text description of a resource. By considering both the description and tags of a given resource as summaries to the resource written in two languages, we adopt word alignment models in statistical machine translation to bridge their vocabulary gap. Based on the translation probabilities between the words in descriptions and the tags estimated on a large set of description-tags pairs, we build a word trigger method (WTM) to suggest tags according to the words in a resource description. Experiments on real world datasets show that WTM is effective and robust compared with other methods. Moreover, WTM is relatively simple and efficient, which is practical for Web applications. 1
X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited) (2001)

X-ray backlighting is a powerful tool for diagnosing a large variety of high-density phenomena. Traditional area backlighting techniques used at Nova and Omega cannot be extended efficiently to National Ignition Facility scale. New, more efficient backlighting sources and techniques are required and have begun to show promising results. These include a backlit-pinhole point-projection technique, pinhole and slit arrays, distributed polychromatic sources, and picket-fence backlighters. In parallel, there have been developments in improving the data signal-to-noise and, hence, quality by switching from film to charge-coupled-device-based recording media and by removing the fixed-pattern noise of microchannel-plate-based cameras.
Current practice of urinary bladder cytology. (1977)

Summary Six years of experience with the cytological diagnosis of carcinoma of the urinary tract are reviewed. This includes 2 years of participation in the National Bladder Cancer Project. With increasing experience of the cytopathologist and cytotechnologist, attention to detail of specimen collection and preparation, the increasing use of bladder washing and cystoscopic urine specimen, and the interest and cooperation of the urologist, the false-positive rate of diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract has decreased. Papillomas and low-grade papillary, noninvasive transitional cell carcinomas have proven impossible to diagnose by cytology alone but may be diagnosed rarely from cell block material prepared from the bladder washings. A residual of cases of chronic cystitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, renal calculi, chemotherapy effects, and cancer-associated atypias provide the cytopathologist with diagnostic problems, since they remain nearly inseparable from transitional cell carcinoma on the basis of cytology alone. Cytology has proven sensitive to the detection of recurrent and persistent transitional cell carcinoma following treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. In such cases the abnormal area of epithelium in the bladder may be extremely difficult for the urologist to find by biopsy. He should not be lulled by a normal-appearing bladder and negative biopsies in these cases into believing that the cytology report is incorrect.
Some Extremal Markov Chains (1982)

Using a Markov chain model for the motion of a particle through a V-node network, we consider the quantities nij, which are the average number of steps taken by the particle in traveling from an originating node, i, to a destination node, j. A figure-of-merit, N, for the entire network is introduced by averaging nij over i and j. We investigate which networks minimize or maximize N, either when no restriction is placed on the Markov chain, or when we restrict it so that it corresponds to random routing. By the latter we mean that at each node the particle “selects at random” lines from an undirected network graph. We show that for random routing, the complete graph has N = (V − 1) and is the minimizing graph. The maximizing graph is unknown, but we establish that the worst behavior of N increases at least with the cube of the number of vertices, but no worse than the 3.5 power. Properties of the class of graphs known as barbells are useful here. The minimizing unrestricted chain corresponds to placing the nodes on a circle and proceeding unidirectionally from one node to the next. Here, N = V/2.
A Dual Half-Bridge <i>LLC</i> Resonant Converter With Magnetic Control for Battery Charger Application (2019)

In this paper, a dual half-bridge <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter with magnetic control is proposed for the battery charger application. The primary switches are shared by two <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant networks, and their outputs are connected in series. One of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converters is designed to operate at the series resonant frequency, which is also the highest efficiency operating point, and the constant output voltage characteristic is achieved at this operating point. The second <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter adopts magnetic control to regulate the total output current and voltage during both constant current charge mode and constant voltage charge mode. Meanwhile, the function decoupling idea is adopted to further improve the system efficiency. The significant amount of the power is handled by the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter operating at the series resonant frequency, whereas the second <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter fulfills the responsibility to achieve closed-loop control. By carefully designing the resonant networks, the zero-voltage switching for primary switches and zero-current switching for secondary diodes can be achieved for whole operation range. A 320-W experimental prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis, and the maximum efficiency is measured about 95.5%.
Three-Dimensional Pattern Drafting (1988)

Drafting systems currently in use do not adequately model the physical process of fitting a garment. A theoretical frame work for draftingindividually fitted patterns based upon modeling the physical process of fitting a garment by draping is presented. The present state-of-the-art and existing theoretical frameworks are reviewed. The idea is developed that mapping, or projection procedures, in the mathematical sense of the terms can be used to model the process of fitting a garment. Approaches to identifying functional relationships for each part of the framework are suggested.
Evaluation of the effects of supplementation with Pycnogenol® on fitness in normal subjects with the Army Physical Fitness Test and in performances of athletes in the 100-minute triathlon. (2013)

The aim of this registry study was to evaluate the effects of Pycnogenol® (French pine bark extract) on improving physical fitness (PF) in normal individuals using the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). The study evaluated the efficacy of Pycnogenol, used as a supplement, in improving training, exercise, recovery and oxidative stress.The study was divided into 2 parts. In PART 1 (Pycnogenol 100 mg/day), the APFT was used to assess an improvement in PF during an 8-week preparation and training program. In PART 2 (Pycnogenol 150 mg/day), the study evaluated the effects of Pycnogenol supplementation in athletes in training for a triathlon.PART 1. There was a significant improvement in both males and females in the 2-mile running time within both groups, but the group using Pycnogenol (74 subjects) performed statistically better than controls (73 subjects). The number of push-ups was improved, with Pycnogenol subjects performing better. Sit-ups also improved in the Pycnogenol group. Oxidative stress decreased with exercise in all subjects; in Pycnogenol subjects the results were significantly better. PART 2. In the Pycnogenol group 32 males (37.9; SD 4.4 years) were compliant with the training plan at 4 weeks. In controls there were 22 subjects (37.2;3.5) completing the training plans. The swimming, biking and running scores in both groups improved with training. The Pycnogenol group had more benefits in comparison with controls. The total triathlon time was 89 min 44 s in Pycnogenol subjects versus 96 min 5 s in controls. Controls improved their performing time on average 4.6 minutes in comparison with an improvement of 10.8 minutes in Pycnogenol subjects. A significant decrease in cramps and running and post-running pain was seen in the Pycnogenol group; there were no significant differences in controls. There was an important, significant post-triathlon decrease of PFR one hour after the end of the triathlon with an average of -26.7, whereas PFR in controls increased. In Pycnogenol subjects there was a lower increase on oxidative stress with a faster recovery to almost normal levels (<330 for these subjects). These variations in PFR values were interpreted as a faster metabolic recovery in subjects using Pycnogenol.This study opens an interesting new application of the natural supplementation with Pycnogenol that, with proper hydration, good training and nutritional attention may improve training and performances both in normal subjects and in semi-professional athletes performing at high levels in difficult, high-stress sports such as the triathlon.
Anomaly Detection Algorithms for the Sleeping Cell Detection in LTE Networks (2015)

The Sleeping Cell problem is a particular type of cell degradation in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks. In practice such cell outage leads to the lack of network service and sometimes it can be revealed only after multiple user complains by an operator. In this study a cell becomes sleeping because of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure, which may happen due to software or hardware problems. For the detection of malfunctioning cells, we introduce a data mining based framework. In its core is the analysis of event sequences reported by a User Equipment (UE) to a serving Base Station (BS). The crucial element of the developed framework is an anomaly detection algorithm. We compare performances of distance, centroid distance and probabilistic based methods, using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Precision-Recall curves. Moreover, the theoretical comparison of the methods' computational efficiencies is provided. The sleeping cell detection framework is verified by means of a dynamic LTE system simulator, using Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT) functionality. It is shown that the sleeping cell can be pinpointed.
Mechanisms of ER stress‐induced apoptosis in endothelial cells (2006)

Intrinsic apoptotic mechanisms arising from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been recently described. Short‐term disruption of ER homeostasis by the N‐glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (TM) has been shown to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) in proliferating endothelial cells. But prolonged dysfunction of the ER machinery results in the induction of apoptosis. Quantitative immunoblot, flow cytometry and enzymatic analyses were used to propose a signal transduction pathway that describes apoptotic induction by ER stress in endothelial cells. Results showed that short‐term exposure to TM (<24 hrs) induced the UPR and an early activation of caspase‐12, caspase‐7 and a biphasic activation of caspase‐9. After prolonged ER‐stress (>24 hrs), activation of the executioner caspase‐3 and irreversible apoptotic induction were evidenced by Annexin‐V binding and DNA “laddering” assay. Early activation of caspase‐7 resulted from caspase‐9 cleavage. Early Ca 2+ release from ER into the cytoplasm was detected after 16 hours by FURA‐2 binding assay. Increased expression of AIF, SMAC/Diablo and Bcl‐2 was detected after 24 hours. These results suggest that activation of caspase‐12 and Ca 2+ release from ER initiate the ER‐stress signaling events. Caspase‐12 activation results in early (cytochrome‐c independent) caspase‐9 activation and subsequent caspase‐7 activation. ER‐stress signals to mitochondria via Ca 2+ activates the mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis machinery after 24 hours. If TM was removed before 24 hours, cells would show ER stress but no apoptosis. These results suggest that the ER stress‐induced apoptosis signaling mechanisms depend on the activation of the mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis pathway. Supported by MBRS‐RISE, NIH (USA): 1 R25 GM066250‐01A1.
A cloned renal epithelial Na+ channel protein displays stretch activation in planar lipid bilayers (1995)

We have previously cloned a bovine renal epithelial channel homologue (alpha-bENaC) belonging to the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) family. With the use of a rabbit nuclease-treated in vitro translation system, mRNA coding for alpha-bENaC was translated and the polypeptide products were reconstituted into liposomes. On incorporation into planar lipid bilayers, in vitro-translated alpha-bENaC protein 1) displayed voltage-independent Na+ channel activity with a single-channel conductance of 40 pS, 2) was mechanosensitive in that the single-channel open probability was maximally activated with a hydrostatic pressure gradient of 0.26 mmHg across the bilayer, 3) was blocked by low concentrations of amiloride [apparent inhibitory constant of amiloride (K(i)amil approximately 150 nM], and 4) was cation selective with a Li+:Na+:K+ permselectivity of 2:1:0.14 under nonstretched conditions. These pharmacological and selectivity characteristics were altered to a lower amiloride affinity (K(i)amil > 25 microM) and a lack of monovalent cation selectivity in the presence of a hydrostatic pressure gradient. This observation of stretch activation (SA) of alpha-bENaC was confirmed in dual electrode recordings of heterologously expressed alpha-bENaC whole cell currents in Xenopus oocytes swelled by the injection of 15 nl of a 100 mM KCl solution. We conclude that alpha-bENaC, and by analogy other ENaCs, represent a novel family of cloned SA channels.
GraX-an interchange format for reengineering tools (2003)

Current research in software reengineering offers a great amount of tools specialized on certain reengineering tasks. The definition of a powerful common interchange format is a key issue to provide interoperability between these tools. This paper discusses aspects of data interchange formats for exchanging reengineering related data. It proposes a graph-based format to exchange both application specific concepts and data by XML documents.
Multiple myeloma and related disorders. Lessons from an animal model. (1999)

This short review of our own work presents two aspects of the studies on multiple myeloma (MM) in an animal model--the aging C57BL/KaLwRij mouse: 1. the immunological/biological aspect of the development of monoclonal B-cell proliferative disorders, the so-called monoclonal gammopathies (MG), and 2. the use of the mouse myeloma of the 5TMM lines for studies on the etiology/pathogenesis of MM and for developing new ways of treatment of this disease. Our research revealed that there are at least four major mechanisms in the development of MG. Many of the results were confirmed in clinical studies and lead to a new classification of MG according to their biology and possible pathogenesis. Most of MG can be classified into one of the following categories: 1. B-cell malignancies, 2. B-cell benign neoplasia, 3. MG due to an immunodeficiency with T/B cell imbalance, and 4. Antigen driven MG.
Non-linear Metric Learning (2012)

In this paper, we introduce two novel metric learning algorithms, χ2-LMNN and GB-LMNN, which are explicitly designed to be non-linear and easy-to-use. The two approaches achieve this goal in fundamentally different ways: χ2-LMNN inherits the computational benefits of a linear mapping from linear metric learn-ing, but uses a non-linear χ2-distance to explicitly capture similarities within his-togram data sets; GB-LMNN applies gradient-boosting to learn non-linear map-pings directly in function space and takes advantage of this approach’s robust-ness, speed, parallelizability and insensitivity towards the single additional hyper-parameter. On various benchmark data sets, we demonstrate these methods not only match the current state-of-the-art in terms of kNN classification error, but in the case of χ2-LMNN, obtain best results in 19 out of 20 learning settings. 1