gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galvanostatic studies of the kinetics of deposition and dissolution in the copper + copper sulphate system (1959)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Phase II Trial of PS-341 in Patients With Renal Cell Cancer: A University of Chicago Phase II Consortium Study (2003)

Evidence is lacking for clinically significant activity of PS-341 in metastatic renal cell cancer. Insufficient biopsy and whole blood sample numbers preclude conclusions regarding proteasome inhibition within tumor. Further evaluation in this disease setting is not recommended.
INDONESIA: Empowering Rural Producers Organization (2003)

This report intends to provide first, a more detailed assessment of the opportunities and constraints for the empowerment of rural producers organizations (RPOs) in Indonesia and second, to identify a possible pattern of actions that could lead to genuine process of empowerment. The first chapter draws from worldwide knowledge and experience to highlight the rationale for promoting active farmer organizations and some basic principles linked to the success of these organizations. This chapter sets a benchmark to which the analysis of the current opportunities and constraints to RPOs empowerment in Indonesia can be referred. This assessment of opportunities and constraints is presented in chapter 2. It is essentially built from direct interviews with key stakeholders (RPOs, NGOs - Non-governmental Organizations, government services, and private sector enterprises) and the review of relevant documents. The first section of this chapter synthesizes the results of more than thirty direct discussions with various stakeholders ranging from local farmer groups to internationally supported programs, local government officials, private sector businessmen, etc. More details can be found in the Annex part of the report. Then, section.2 highlights opportunities for empowerment of farmers' organizations, while section 3 stresses the constraints. Finally section 4 presents additional principles to add to those presented in Chapter 1. These principles guide the orientations proposal developed in Chapter 3 and discussed in Chapter In its second section, chapter 3 presents a rather ambitious vision of what RPOs empowerment would be desirable to lead to in Indonesia, a vision based on the results of the fieldwork and consistent with the lessons learned from other countries. It details also some preliminary conditions needed associated with this vision. Then, chapter 4 focus on a strategy to make this vision come true, identifying first the tools and means to achieve the conditions required and then proposing some concrete steps to initiate a process of RPOs empowerment that is consistent with the principles identified in chapter 1.
Highly Crystallized Na<sub>2</sub>CoFe(CN)<sub>6</sub> with Suppressed Lattice Defects as Superior Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2016)

Prussian blue and its analogues have received particular attention as superior cathodes for Na-ion batteries due to their potential 2-Na storage capacity (∼170 mAh g(-1)) and low cost. However, most of the Prussian blue compounds obtained from the conventional synthetic routes contain large amounts of Fe(CN)6 vacancies and coordinated water molecules, which leads to the collapse of cyano-bridged framework and serious deterioration of their Na-storage ability. Herein, we propose a facile citrate-assisted controlled crystallization method to obtain low-defect Prussian blue lattice with greatly improved Na-storage capacity and cycling stability. As an example, the as-prepared Na2CoFe(CN)6 nanocrystals demonstrate a reversible 2-Na storage reaction with a high specific capacity of 150 mAh g(-1) and a ∼ 90% capacity retention over 200 cycles, possibly serving as a low cost and high performance cathode for Na-ion batteries. In particular, the synthetic strategy described in this work may be extended to other coordination-framework materials for a wide range of energy conversion and storage applications.
Tumor cell-specific gene transfer with retroviral vectors displaying single-chain antibody. (2002)

These results imply that insertion of Scfv into the retroviral envelope can specifically deliver the interested gene into specific antigen-producing cancer cells.
Anti-tumor activity of triterpenoid-rich extract from bamboo shavings (Caulis bamfusae in Taeniam) (2010)

Bamboo shavings are a kind of Chinese traditional medicine, which have been certificated as a material of functional food by the Ministry of Health in China. The anti-tumor activities of a triterpenoid-rich extract of bamboo shavings (EBS) and its main component, friedelin were evaluated in the present study. It was proved that EBS could inhibit the growth of P388 and A549 cancer cell lines effectively by SRB and MTT assay. Meanwhile, EBS had notable inhibitory effect on the sarcoma-loaded mice S180 model, which led to a depressed trend of tumor weight, compared to cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity of friedelin monomer, a main triterpenoid separated from EBS, was tested by MTT assay and results showed that friedelin displayed rather strong anti-tumor activities on the proliferation of four cancer lines, A375, L929, Hela and THP-1, with a time-dose relationship compared to de-methylcantharidin, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that EBS has a great potential to be applied in functional food for its anti-tumor activity, in which friedelin was one of the most important active factors.
Uncatalyzed esterification of biomass-derived carboxylic acids (2011)

To shift from a petroleum-based to a biomass-based economy will require the development not only of biofuels, but also of biorenewable replacements for petroleumderived chemicals. In this regard, environmentally friendly biomass-derived esters may serve as alternatives to fossil-derived chemicals such as toxic halogenated solvents and glycol ethers. Therefore, esterification of various carboxylic acids that find significant applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, food, and cosmetic industries has been initiated by the chemical industry. At atmospheric condition, esterification is a reversible reaction limited by the low equilibrium conversion and slow reaction rate, and has recently been performed with excess alcohol to shift the equilibrium conversion. Heterogeneous or homogeneous acid catalysts are used to achieve acceptable reaction rates. The conventional acid-catalyzed process has been extensively developed; but it suffers from problems associated with the generation of side reactions, corrosion of equipment, expensive purification procedures, long reaction times and discharge of acidic wastes. Various attempts on esterification of carboxylic acids with ethanol have previously addressed important issues concerning product distribution, catalyst activity, and kinetics of acid-catalyzed esterification at lower reaction temperatures, but kinetics of uncatalyzed esterification at elevated reaction temperatures are still very limited. It is thus of great interest from a practical viewpoint that more information such as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are required to develop a possible esterification process without using any catalyst. In this work, therefore, a fundamental study on the uncatalyzed esterification of different aliphatic carboxylic acids with stoichiometric amounts of ethanol was
An empirical exploration of CTC acoustic models (2016)

The connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss function has several interesting properties relevant for automatic speech recognition (ASR): applied on top of deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs), CTC learns the alignments between speech frames and label sequences automatically, which removes the need for pre-generated frame-level labels. CTC systems also do not require context decision trees for good performance, using context-independent (CI) phonemes or characters as targets. This paper presents an extensive exploration of CTC-based acoustic models applied to a variety of ASR tasks, including an empirical study of the optimal configuration and architectural variants for CTC. We observe that on large amounts of training data, CTC models tend to outperform state-of-the-art hybrid approach. Further experiments reveal that CTC can be readily ported to syllable-based languages, and can be enhanced by employing improved feature front-ends.
Purification and characterization of Ak.1 protease, a thermostable subtilisin with a disulphide bond in the substrate-binding cleft (2000)

Ak.1 protease, a thermostable subtilisin isolated originally from Bacillus st. Ak.1, was purified to homogeneity from the Escherichia coli clone PB5517. It is active against substrates containing neutral or hydrophobic branched-chain amino acids at the P(1) site, such as valine, alanine or phenylalanine. The K(m) and k(cat) of the enzyme decrease with decreasing temperature, though not to the same degree with all substrates, suggesting that specificity changes with temperature. The protease is markedly stabilized by Ca(2+) ions. At 70 degrees C, a 10-fold increase in Ca(2+) concentration increases the half-life by three orders of magnitude. Ak.1 protease is stabilized by Ca(2+) to a greater extent than is thermitase. This may be due, in part, to the presence of an extra Ca(2+)-binding site in Ak.1 protease. Other metal ions, such as Sr(2+), increase the thermostability of the enzyme, but to a significantly lower degree than does Ca(2+). The structure of the protease showed the presence of a disulphide bond located within the active-site cleft. This bond influences both enzyme activity and thermostability. The disulphide bond appears to have a dual role: maintaining the integrity of the substrate-binding cleft and increasing the thermostability of the protease. The protease was originally investigated to determine its usefulness in the clean-up of DNA at high temperatures. However, it was found that this protease has a limited substrate specificity, so this application was not explored further.
Electric Field Induced, Superhydrophobic to Superhydrophilic Switching in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Papers (2008)

Superhydrophobic multiwalled carbon nanotube bucky paper, fabricated after ozonolysis, shows fascinating electrowetting behavior, which could be remarkably tuned by changing key solution variables like the ionic strength, the nature of the electrolyte, and the pH of the water droplet. More significantly, the droplet behavior can be reversibly switched between superhydrophobic, Cassie-Baxter state to hydrophilic, Wenzel state by the application of an electric field, especially below a threshold value.
H‐Y Antigen Expression Patterns in Human X‐ and Y‐Chromosome‐Bearing Spermatozoa (1998)

The expression of H-Y antigen has a slightly higher frequency in human sperm containing the Y-chromosome, but its expression among X-chromosome-bearing sperm also is considerable. Current immunologic techniques relying on this antigen are unlikely to effect the sex selection of human sperm.
Effects of anti‐C5a monoclonal antibodies on oxygen use in a porcine model of severe sgifis (1998)

Methods We analysed the effects of complement depletion and of C5a inhibition on haemodynamic parameters, oxygen delivery ( D O 2 ), oxygen consumption ( V O 2 ), oxygen extraction ratio (OER) and blood lactate levels after live bacteria infusion in pigs. Results In the first series of experiments, animals were decomplemented by cobra venom factor (CVF, 125 μg kg −1 ) and challenged with 1.3 × 10 9 Escherichia coli kg −1 . In a second series, animals were treated with neutralizing anti‐C5a monoclonal antibodies (mAb) T13/9 before infusion of an increased E. coli dosage (1 × 10 10 E. coli kg −1 ). Administration of Gram‐negative bacteria resulted in hypotension, tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension and decreased cardiac output typical for severe sgifis. These alterations were more pronounced in animals challenged with a higher bacteria concentration (1 × 10 10 E. coli kg −1 , n = 5) than with a lower dosage (1.3 × 10 9 E. coli kg −1 , n = 4). Complement depletion by CVF injection 24 h before E. coli infusion ( n = 4), or anti‐C5a mAb T13/9 administration ( n = 4) had no effect on the changes in haemodynamic parameters and in D O 2 associated with E. coli challenge. Application of either 1.3 × 10 9 or 1 × 10 10 E. coli kg −1 resulted in a marked decrease in V O 2 and an increase in blood lactate levels, whereas the OER did not change throughout the experiment. In contrast, pretreatment with CVF 24 h before low‐dose E. coli (1.3 × 10 9 kg −1 ) administration resulted in a significant increase in V O 2 ( P < 0.05) and in OER ( P < 0.05) compared with untreated septic animals ( n = 4). No hyperlactaemia occurred in complement‐depleted septic animals compared with complement‐sufficient animals ( P < 0.05). Animals challenged with a high E. coli dose (1 × 10 1 kg −1 ) and treated with anti‐C5a mAbs showed a pronounced increase in V O 2 and OER ( P < 0.05) accompanied by an attenuated increase in lactate levels ( P < 0.05) compared with untreated septic animals. Conclusion The results demonstrate an improved oxygen use after complement depletion in this model of severe Gram‐negative sgifis. Furthermore, a similar effect was seen after specifically neutralizing C5a by mAbs, indicating a role of C5a in the underlying mechanism.
Expression and regulation of the yeast MEL1 gene (1986)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. uvarum MEL1 gene, conferring production of α-galactosidase, has been cloned to study its expression. Increasing amounts of α-galactosidase protein and activity closely followed the induction of functional MEL1 transcripts (1.65 kb). The initial appearance of the transcript occurred within 3–6 min and the corresponding α-galactosidase activity within 8–10 min of galactose addition. Therefore, regulation of α-galactosidase synthesis operates primarily at the level of MEL1 transcription. No transcription is detectable in glucose-grown cultures. α-Galactosidase activity is found in the periplasmic space and in the extracellular medium. Enzyme from either location exhibited a molecular size of 76 kDa, which was reduced to 53 kDa after deglycosylation with endoglycosidase H. The N-terminal sequence of purified α-galactosidase reveals cleavage of putative 18-amino-acid signal sequence for secretion.
Isolation and Characterization of Some Phytochemicals from Indian Traditional Plants (2012)

The present study was designed to evaluate relative contribution of different polyphenols (total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols) and their antioxidants activities in aqueous extracts of different parts of some plants; Argemone mexicana, Datura metel, Calotropis procera, Thevetia peruviana, and Cannabis sativa. The antioxidants (total phenolics, flavonoids, flavones) were determined by chemical methods. The antioxidant capacities of these extracts were evaluated by FRAP assay. The results demonstrated that phenolic content was maximally present in leaves of T. peruviana. This plant exhibited minimum phenolic content in its flower as compared to other plants. The flower of D. metel contained maximum phenolic content. The flavonoids were present in highest quantity in leaves of C. procera while T. peruviana flowers showed maximum flavonoid content. The fruits of C. sativa contained maximum quantity of flavonoid as compared to other plants tested. The flower extract of C. sativa possessed highest FRAP value followed by A. mexicana and fruit of C. procera. The values of ratios of different polyphenolic compounds present in plant extracts indicated that flower of D. metel contained maximum total flavonoids and minimum phenolics. These results suggested that levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and their FRAP indices exhibited specificity to different plants and their parts.
Perception-driven rendering : techniques for the efficient visualization of 3D scenes including view- and gaze-contingent approaches (2019)

Computer graphics research strives to synthesize images of a high visual realism that are indistinguishable from real visual experiences. While modern image synthesis approaches enable to create digital images of astonishing complexity and beauty, processing resources remain a limiting factor. Here, rendering efficiency is a central challenge involving a trade-off between visual fidelity and interactivity. For that reason, there is still a fundamental difference between the perception of the physical world and computer-generated imagery. At the same time, advances in display technologies drive the development of novel display devices. The dynamic range, the pixel densities, and refresh rates are constantly increasing. Display systems enable a larger visual field to be addressed by covering a wider field-of-view, due to either their size or in the form of head-mounted devices. Currently, research prototypes are ranging from stereo and multi-view systems, head-mounted devices with adaptable lenses, up to retinal projection, and lightfield/holographic displays. Computer graphics has to keep step with, as driving these devices presents us with immense challenges, most of which are currently unsolved. Fortunately, the human visual system has certain limitations, which means that providing the highest possible visual quality is not always necessary. Visual input passes through the eye’s optics, is filtered, and is processed at higher level structures in the brain. Knowledge of these processes helps to design novel rendering approaches that allow the creation of images at a higher quality and within a reduced time-frame. This thesis presents the state-of-the-art research and models that exploit the limitations of perception in order to increase visual quality but also to reduce workload alike - a concept we call perception-driven rendering. This research results in several practical rendering approaches that allow some of the fundamental challenges of computer graphics to be tackled. By using different tracking hardware, display systems, and head-mounted devices, we show the potential of each of the presented systems. The capturing of specific processes of the human visual system can be improved by combining multiple measurements using machine learning techniques. Different sampling, filtering, and reconstruction techniques aid the visual quality of the synthesized images. An in-depth evaluation of the presented systems including benchmarks, comparative examination with image metrics as well as user studies and experiments demonstrated that the methods introduced are visually superior or on the same qualitative level as ground truth, whilst having a significantly reduced computational complexity.
Electrochemical potential window of battery electrolytes: the HOMO–LUMO misconception (2018)

Electrolyte stability is governed by its oxidation and reduction potentials, not by the energy levels of its HOMO and LUMO.
Large‐Scale, Ultrapliable, and Free‐Standing Nanomembranes (2013)

The creation and characterization of large-area ultrathin highly pliable free-standing PDMS membranes and their application to the study of cellular epithelia is described. The ultra-thin membranes permitted the straight forward calculation of cell monolayer moduli, derived from measured stress-strain curves. These measurements allowed the unprecedented detection of cellular-level injury in the epithelia caused by the rupture of cell-cell tight junctions in response to stretching.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Guilty As Charged: All Available Evidence Implicates Complement’s Role in Fetal Demise (2008)

Appropriate complement inhibition is an absolute requirement for normal pregancy. Uncontrolled complement activation in the maternal-fetal interface leads to fetal death. Here we show that complement activation is a crucial and early mediator of pregnancy loss in two different mouse models of pregnancy loss. Using a mouse model of fetal loss and growth restriction (IUGR) induced by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), we examined the role of complement activation in fetal loss and IUGR. We found that C5a-C5aR interaction and neutrophils are key mediators of fetal injury. Treatment with heparin, the standard therapy for pregnant patients with aPL, prevents complement activation and protects mice from pregnancy complications induced by aPL, and anticoagulants that do not inhibit complement do not protect pregnancies. In an antibody-independent mouse model of spontaneous miscarriage and IUGR (CBA/JxDBA/2) we also identified C5a as an essential mediator. Complement activation caused dysregulation of the angiogenic factors required for normal placental development. In CBA/JxDBA/2 mice, we observed inflammatory infiltrates in placentas, functional deficiency of free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), elevated levels of soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1, also known as sFlt-1; a potent anti-angiogenic molecule), and defective placental development. Inhibition of complement activation blocked the increase in sVEGFR-1 and rescued pregnancies. Our studies in antibody-dependent and antibody-independent models of pregnancy complications identified complement activation as the key mediator of damage and will allow development of new interventions to prevent pregnancy loss and IUGR.
Regulators of Glucose Metabolism in CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2015)

Much like cancer cells, activated T cells undergo various metabolic changes that allow them to grow and proliferate rapidly. By adopting aerobic glycolysis upon activation, T cells effectively prioritize efficiency in biosynthesis over energy generation. There are distinct differences in the way CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells process activation signals. CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells are less dependent on Glut1 and oxygen levels compared to their CD4<sup>+</sup> counterparts. Similarly the downstream signaling by TCR also differs in both effector T cell types. Recent studies have explored PI3K/Akt, mTORC, HIF1α, p70S6K and Bcl-6 signaling in depth providing definition of the crucial roles of these regulators in glucose metabolism. These new insights may allow improved therapeutic manipulation against inflammatory conditions that are associated with dysfunctional T-cell metabolism such as autoimmune disorders, metabolic syndrome, HIV, and cancers.