gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of graphene nanoplatelets against Streptococcus mutans (2015)

In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the strong cytotoxicity toward bacteria of graphene-based materials, suggesting their use as antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, the principal microbiological agent in the etiology of dental caries, of two types of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), characterized by different thickness and lateral dimensions of the flakes. The antimicrobial properties of GNPs were valued on some plaque and saliva samples extracted from children with dental caries. Our results show that the killing effect of GNPs on S. mutans cells is both lateral size and thickness dependent. In fact, lower thickness and smaller size GNPs exhibit stronger antibacterial activity than larger and thicker ones. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that GNPs interact strongly with cells. This study suggests that GNPs may be highly effective against S. mutans and therefore caries.
SURFACE IMPULSE PROPULSION: A REVIEW AND COMMENT ON FUTURE POTENTIAL (1973)

The Surface Impulse Propulsion concept is described, noting inclusion of the partially submerged propeller, the paddlewheel and Rollercraft as propulsion types within the concept. Paddlewheel background is briefly reviewed. Data derived from SIP model tests and references are presented, showing the effects of various parameters on performance. Available data is insufficient to determine the feasibility of paddlewheel-type SIP for large high speed craft: however, data does support applications which result in versatile high-performance small amphibians. It is concluded that the general feasibility of SIP is proven but that additional research is needed.
Mast cells and angiogenesis (2002)

Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Secreting mast cells are able to induce and enhance angiogenesis via multiple in part interacting pathways. They include mast cell-derived (i) potent pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF, bFGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and IL-8, (ii) proteinases and heparin, that release heparin-binding pro-angiogenic factors lodged on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix (ECM), (iii) histamine, VEGF, and certain lipid-derived mediators that induce microvascular hyperpermeability having pro-angiogenic effects, (iv) chemotactic recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes that are able to contribute with angiogenesis-modulating molecules, (v) activation of platelets that release pro-angiogenic factors, (vi) activation of neighboring stationary non-mast cells, which secrete pro-angiogenic factors, ECM-degrading proteinases and stem cell factor which attracts, mitogenically stimulates and activates mast cells, (vii) auto- and paracrine stimulation of mast cells by stem cell factor, (viii) recruitment of mast cells by pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF, bFGF and TGF-beta. As a result of ECM-degradation and changes in the microenvironment following initial mast cell secretion, the mast cell populations may change significantly in number, phenotype and function. In tumor models, mast cells have been shown to play a decisive role in inducing the angiogenic switch which precedes malignant transformation. There is, moreover, strong evidence that mast cells significantly influence angiogenesis and thus growth and progression in human cancers.
Purification and characterization of dihydrofolate reductase from methotrexate-resistant human lymphoblastoid cells (1983)

Dihydrofolate reductase has been isolated from methotrexate-resistant WIL2 human lymphoblastoid cells. This subline produces ca. 150 times more enzyme than the parental drug-sensitive line. The reductase has been purified to homogeneity by methotrexate affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative isoelectric focusing in a yield of 65%. The enzyme has a pI = 7.7 and a molecular weight of ca. 22000. The amino-terminal 27 amino acid residues have been determined, revealing the location of the single cysteine residue at position 6. Reaction of this cysteine with p-(hydroxy-mercuri)benzoate in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) results in a 5-fold increase in enzyme activity. Other agents including KCl, urea, and thiourea also cause enzyme activation. The Km values for NADPH and dihydrofolate are 0.25 and 0.036 microM, respectively. Mercurial activation of the enzyme results in a 27-fold increase in the Km for NADPH and a 35-fold increase in the Km for dihydrofolate.
Score-informed Networks for Music Performance Assessment (2020)

The assessment of music performances in most cases takes into account the underlying musical score being performed. While there have been several automatic approaches for objective music performance assessment (MPA) based on extracted features from both the performance audio and the score, deep neural network-based methods incorporating score information into MPA models have not yet been investigated. In this paper, we introduce three different models capable of score-informed performance assessment. These are (i) a convolutional neural network that utilizes a simple time-series input comprising of aligned pitch contours and score, (ii) a joint embedding model which learns a joint latent space for pitch contours and scores, and (iii) a distance matrix-based convolutional neural network which utilizes patterns in the distance matrix between pitch contours and musical score to predict assessment ratings. Our results provide insights into the suitability of different architectures and input representations and demonstrate the benefits of score-informed models as compared to score-independent models.
Local Challenge on Oral Mucosa With An α-Gliadin Related Synthetic Peptide in Patients With Celiac Disease (2000)

The results show that in the celiac disease patients after the peptide challenge the oral mucosal lamina propria responds with a nonproliferative increase of lymphocytes. Thus, submucosal challenge with the peptide 31-49 can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of celiac disease. However, further studies with optimized methodology, including various concentrations of the peptide, adjuvants, other peptides, etc., are warranted, especially because the oral mucosa provides the easiest access to an in vivo peptide challenge in celiac disease.
Dynamics of cytoplasmic organelles in the cell cycle of the fission yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>: three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections (1989)

Changes in the ultrastructure of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe during the cell division cycle were analyzed by three-dimensional reconstruction of serial section electron micrographs of freeze-substituted cells. Cytoplasmic vesicles were found at the cell ends during interphase and at the equatorial zone of cells undergoing cytokinesis. Filasomes behaved in a similar but temporally retarded way to vesicles. Microfilament(mf)-associated granules were found attached to the plasma membrane at the growing ends. Microfilaments were identified against the plasma membrane and adjacent to developing septa. From these observations it is suggested that mf-associated structures such as filasomes constitute dense knots of actin network that function in localized cell wall growth by controlling the deposition of cytoplasmic vesicles. Dictyosomes occur as tubular and fenestrated cisternae with associated cytoplasmic vesicles. They were distributed uniformly in the cytoplasm and did not change significantly during the cell cycle. Changes in the three-dimensional localization of cytoplasmic microtubules and mitochondria are also described.
The role of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI in cholesterol metabolism (2000)

The HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which mediates selective HDL cholesterol uptake, plays a role in murine HDL metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport and whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. SR-BI is found in the liver, where its expression is regulated by estrogen, dietary cholesterol and fat, and controls murine plasma HDL cholesterol levels and bile cholesterol secretion. SR-BI is also highly expressed in rodent steroidogenic cells, where it facilitates cholesterol uptake for storage or steroid hormone synthesis and where its expression is regulated by trophic hormones. The detailed mechanism(s) underlying SR-BI-mediated selective cholesterol uptake have not yet been elucidated. Further analysis of the molecular and cellular bases of SR-BI regulation and function should provide new insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of cholesterol metabolism.
A distributed P2P network based on increasing reliability and scalability for internet applications (2006)

In this paper, we propose an efficient, distributed, reliable P2P networks for this purpose, which is called hand-in-hand (HIH) P2P network. First, HIH adopts distributed index servers with unique individual ID as logical ring nodes for storing and managing the file sharing information. Second, HIH adopts a consistent hashing to hash the sharing filename as a seed and maps the seed to a corresponding index server. The consistent hashing achieves some advantages including, scalable, providing a fast, unique file hashing, and load balancing among all index servers. Finally, the data synchronization with backup mechanism and a logical ring structure are proposed for increasing node reliability and data integrity when some index servers may fail abnormally or leave suddenly in such a distributed P2P network. Numerical results indicate that the proposed distributed P2P network, HIH, outperforms other approaches in average number of lost seeds under various failure rates of index server and different number of index servers, and routing information overhead. Furthermore, HIH yields very competitive reliability overhead as comparing with other approaches. Finally, the optimal number of preceding nodes for each index server in HIH is also analyzed and induced it to three.
Viable Alternative to N719 for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

A new synthetically facile heteroleptic ruthenium(II) sensitizer (NBu(4))[Ru(4,7-dpp)(dcbpyH)(NCS)(2)], coded as YS5, where NBu(4) is tetrabutylammonium, 4,7-dpp is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and dcbpyH is the singly deprotonated surface anchoring derivative of 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (dcbpyH(2)), was designed, synthesized, and incorporated into regenerative mesoscopic titania-based dye-sensitized solar cells. The sensitizer has characteristic broad, high extinction coefficient MLCT bands spanning the visible spectrum. The compound was fully characterized by 1D and 2D (1)H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, UV-vis, photoluminescence, Raman, IR, and electrochemistry. YS5 exhibits strong visible absorption properties with a molar extinction coefficient of 1.71 x 10(4) M(-1) cm(-1) at its 522 nm maximum. In operational liquid junction-based DSSCs under simulated AM 1.5G one-sun excitation (100 mW/cm(2)), the photovoltaic performance of YS5 compares almost equally against the current benchmark sensitizer N719 in side-by-side comparisons, producing a power conversion efficiency of 6.05% with a maximum IPCE of 65% at 540 nm. The data presented in this manuscript strongly suggest that YS5 is indeed a viable sensitizer for nanocrystalline TiO(2)-based DSSCs, seemingly poised for widespread adaptation.
Complications of Port-Access Cardiac Surgery (1999)

Port-Access cardiac surgery is a recent technology that is undergoing rapid development. The learning curve associated with this technique is a challenge even for the skilled and experienced cardiac surgeon. Mainly because of femoral cannulation, the use of guidewires, and working through small incisions, Port-Access cardiac surgery contains certain pitfalls that are clearly associated with the technology involved. These pitfalls currently require troubleshooting, but as the technology progresses, this may become less of an issue. Communicating these pitfalls to others is important to help others to avoid or better manage complications and to contribute to improving the technology of Port-Access techniques.
Preclinical efficacy of new investigational drug ONC201 and analogs ONC212 and ONC206 against patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell lines. (2016)

e15752 Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with a 5-yr survival rate of ~6%. The disease remains largely incurable. At diagnosis, most patients already have locally advanced or metastatic disease that is therapy-refractory. Therefore, new effective treatments are urgently needed. ONC201 is a first-in-class small molecule that selectively targets a broad range of tumor types. The compound is currently in phase I/II clinical trials for select advanced solid and hematopoietic tumors. We report efficacy evaluation of ONC201 and analogs ONC212 and ONC206 in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Efficacy of drugs was evaluated on a panel of seven pancreatic cancer cell lines and nine low-passage patient-derived cell lines by measuring cell viability (CellTiterGlo assay). Dose-response curves were generated to calculate GI50 values. Western blot analysis of signaling molecules was performed to compare analogs to ONC201. The expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) was determined in order to assess the potential to combine ONC201 or its analogs with FDA-approved small molecules targeting RTKs. Combination treatments were tested by measuring cell viability. Combination indices were determined using CompuSyn software. Results: Only four out of the sixteen pancreatic cancer cell lines tested showed high sensitivity to ONC201 with GI50s of 1-4 uM. By contrast, all cell lines showed high sensitivity to ONC212 with IC50s of 1-40 uM. ONC206 had no in vitro improvements over ONC201 or ONC212. We found a correlation between high expression levels of RTKs and decreased sensitivity to ONC201. Our preliminary data indicates that c-MET inhibitor, crizotinib, shows synergy with ONC201 and ONC212. Conclusions: ONC212 has therapeutic potential for pancreatic cancer cell lines compared to ONC201. Ongoing experiments are further evaluating the efficacy of ONC212 vs ONC201 using in vivo models for pancreatic cancer. Our goal is to establish the rationale for ONC212 as mono-agent and/or combination treatment strategies with either ONC201/ONC212 for pancreatic cancer patients.
The ScpC Protease of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Affects the Outcome of Sepsis in a Murine Model (2008)

The ScpC protease of Streptococcus pyogenes degrades interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine that mediates neutrophil transmigration and activation. The ability to degrade IL-8 differs dramatically among clinical isolates of S. pyogenes. Bacteria expressing ScpC overcome immune clearance by preventing the recruitment of neutrophils in soft tissue infection of mice. To study the role of ScpC in streptococcal sepsis, we generated an ScpC mutant that did not degrade IL-8 and thus failed to prevent the recruitment of immune cells as well as to cause disease after soft tissue infection. In a murine model of sepsis, challenge with the ScpC mutant resulted in more severe systemic disease with higher bacteremia levels and mortality than did challenge with the wild-type strain. As expected, the blood level of KC, the murine IL-8 homologue, increased in mice infected with the ScpC mutant. However, the elevated KC levels did not influence neutrophil numbers in blood, as it did in soft tissue, indicating that additional factors contributed to neutrophil transmigration in blood. In addition, the absence of ScpC increased tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, and C5a levels in blood, which contributed to disease severity. Thus, the ScpC mutant triggers high neutrophil infiltration but not lethal outcome after soft tissue infection, whereas intravenous infection leads to highly aggressive systemic disease.
Dynamic Traffic Grooming in Optical Networks with Wavelength Conversion (2007)

Traffic grooming in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks refers to routing and aggregating low-rate client traffic onto wavelength granularity lightpaths. When client traffic randomly arrives/departs, it is called dynamic traffic grooming. This paper focuses on dynamic traffic grooming when the optical network has sparse wavelength conversion, and aims to examine the impact of wavelength conversion and converter placement on dynamic traffic grooming. We have developed both an analytical model for performance evaluation, and an adaptive traffic load-based (ATL) heuristic algorithm for converter placement, accompanied with a discussion of various converter placement heuristics. Numerical results indicate that the ATL heuristic can obtain similar performance as the greedy heuristic with lower computation complexity.
Structures of Clean Surfaces of Germanium and Silicon. I (1963)

Low-energy electron diffraction patterns obtained from Ge(100) and Ge(111) clean surfaces are described and analyzed. The Ge(100) surface structure is the same as that observed with Si (100) surfaces. Parameters for the atom sites are reported. Structural units for both Ge and Si (111) clean surfaces are strongly suggested by the data reported for these surfaces. They have an atom defect of about 25% in the top layer. A wide variety of such structures can be proposed and three of them appear to have been observed. The importance of long-range order on the density of semiconductor chemical ``surface states'' is emphasized and surface bands are discussed.
Abnormal Reactivity of Muller Cells after Retinal Detachment in Mice Deficient in GFAP and Vimentin (2008)

Müller cells are subtly different in the GFAP(-/-)vim(-/-) mouse retina before detachment. The end foot region of these cells may be structurally reinforced by the presence of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, and our data suggest a critical role for these proteins in Müller cell reaction to retinal detachment and participation in subretinal gliosis.
Patterning Polymeric Structures with 2 nm Resolution at 3 nm Half Pitch in Ambient Conditions (2007)

The miniaturization limits of electronic and mechanical devices depend on the minimum pattern periodicity that is stable in ambient conditions. Here we demonstrate an atomic force microscopy lithography that enables the patterning of 2 nm organic structures with 6 nm periodicities in air. We also demonstrate that the lithography can be up-scaled for parallel patterning. The method is based on the formation of a nanoscale octane meniscus between a sharp conductive protrusion and a silicon (100) surface. The application of a high electrical field ( approximately 10 V/nm) produces the polymerization and cross-linking of the octane molecules within the meniscus followed by their deposition. The resulting pattern periodicities are very close to the ultimate theoretical limits achievable in air ( approximately 3 nm). The chemical composition of the patterns has been characterized by photoemission spectroscopy.
Orchestrating Digital Micromovies (1993)

The authors describe how computers can be used to build narrative structures that create simple cinematic sequences from a large database of shots. The Digital Micromovie Orchestrator (DMO) does this by allowing the maker to attach sketchy descriptions to video clips in the database and to build narrative abstractions in the form of layered filter structures. These structures orchestrate shot selection in real time to create a flowing video experience on-screen. The DMO suggests a new direction for creating cinematic narratives using digital technology. This paper analyzes in detail the first movie produced using the DMO and discusses the process of making interactive movies using the DMO or a similar digital movie-construction kit.
Designs on the Web: a case study of online learning for design students (2000)

As governments, companies and individuals come to recognize the contribution of learning to economic success and competitiveness, HE institutions are under increasing pressure to increase access to a larger number and a greater variety of students. Today, rapid technological development means that knowledge is soon outdated and employees need to enhance their attractiveness through periodic self-development. In order to remain competitive employers need to update the skills of their workforce, as does the nation state. In recent years many publications have argued the need to replace traditional patterns of education with the more flexible concept of Lifelong Learning (HMSO, 1998; DfEE, 1998a).DOI: 10.1080/0968776000080104
Detection and Characterization of Autoagglutination Activity by <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2000)

In several gram-negative bacterial pathogens, autoagglutination (AAG) activity is a marker for interaction with host cells and virulence. Campylobacter jejuni strains also show AAG, but this property varies considerably among strains. To examine the characteristics of C. jejuni AAG, we developed a quantitative in vitro assay. For strain 81-176, which shows high AAG, activity was optimal for cells grown for < or = 24 h, was independent of growth temperature, and was best measured for cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline at 25 degrees C for 24 h. AAG activity was heat labile and was abolished by pronase or acid-glycine (pH 2.2) treatment but not by lipase, DNase, or sodium metaperiodate. Strain 4182 has low AAG activity, but extraction with water increased AAG, suggesting the loss of an inhibitor. Strain 6960 has weak AAG with no effect due to water extraction. Our study with clinical isolates suggests that C. jejuni strains may be grouped into three AAG phenotypes. A variant derived from strain 81116 that is flagellate but immotile showed the strong AAG exhibited by the parent strain, suggesting that motility per se is not necessary for the AAG activity. AAG correlated with both bacterial hydrophobicity and adherence to INT407 cells. Mutants which lack flagella (flaA, flaB, and flbA) or common cell surface antigen (peb1A) were constructed in strain 81-176 by natural transformation-mediated allelic exchange. Both AAG activity and bacterial hydrophobicity were abolished in the aflagellate mutants but not the peb1A mutant. In total, these findings indicate that C. jejuni AAG is highly associated with flagellar expression.
Effective mode area and its optimization in silicon-nanocrystal waveguides (2012)

We revisit the problem of the optimization of a silicon-nanocrystal (Si-NC) waveguide, aiming to attain the maximum field confinement inside its nonlinear core and to ensure optimal waveguide performance for a given mode power. Using a Si-NC/SiO2 slot waveguide as an example, we show that the common definition of the effective mode area may lead to significant errors in estimation of optical intensity governing the nonlinear optical response and, as a result, to poor strength evaluation of the associated nonlinear effects. A simple and physically meaningful definition of the effective mode area is given to relate the total mode power to the average field intensity inside the nonlinear region and is employed to study the optimal parameters of Si-NC slot waveguides.