gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Inhibition of Src and GSK3 Maintains Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Whose Differentiation Is Mechanically Regulated by Src Signaling (2012)

Recent studies reveal that the mechanical environment influences the behavior and function of various types of cells, including stem cells. However, signaling pathways involved in the mechanical regulation of stem cell properties remain largely unknown. Using polyacrylamide gels with varying Young's moduli as substrates, we demonstrate that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are induced to differentiate on substrates with defined elasticity, involving the Src-ShcA-MAP kinase pathway. While the dual inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), termed "2i," was reported to sustain the pluripotency of mESCs, we find it to be substrate elasticity dependent. In contrast, Src inhibition in addition to 2i allows mESCs to retain their pluripotency independent of substrate elasticity. The alternative dual inhibition of Src and GSK3 ("alternative 2i") retains the pluripotency and self-renewal of mESCs in vitro and is instrumental in efficiently deriving mESCs from preimplantation mouse embryos. In addition, the transplantation of mESCs, maintained under the alternative 2i condition, to immunodeficient mice leads to the formation of teratomas that include differentiation into three germ layers. Furthermore, mESCs established with alternative 2i contributed to chimeric mice production and transmitted to the germline. These results reveal a role for Src-ShcA-MAP kinase signaling in the mechanical regulation of mESC properties and indicate that alternative 2i is a versatile tool for the maintenance of mESCs in serum-free conditions as well as for the derivation of mESCs.
Fecundity Estimates for Rainbow Darters, Etheostoma caeruleum, in Southwestern Michigan (1998)

Author Institution: Michigan State University, Department of Zoology, Kellogg Biological Station
A New Metric for Evaluating Semantic Segmentation: Leveraging Global and Contour Accuracy (2018)

Semantic segmentation of images is an important issue for intelligent vehicles and mobile robotics because it offers basic information which can be used for complex reasoning and safe navigation. Different solutions have been proposed for this problem along the last two decades, where recent deep neural networks approaches have shown very promising results in the context of urban navigation. One of the main problems when comparing different semantic segmentation solutions is how to select an appropriate metric to evaluate their accuracy. On the one hand, classic metrics do not measure properly the accuracy on the object contours, which is important in urban driving to differentiate road from sidewalk for instance. On the other hand, contour-based metrics [1] disregard the information far from class contours. This paper explores the problem multi-modal image segmentation, and presents a new metric to leverage global and contour accuracy in a simple formulation. This metric is validated with the evaluation of several semantic segmentation solutions that exploit RGB-D images to rank these solutions taking into account the quality of the segmented contours. We also present a comparative analysis of several commonly used metrics together with a statistical analysis of their correlation.
High-dose dexamethasone shifts the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory Fcγ receptors on monocytes in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (2010)

The human Fcγ receptor (FcγR) system is composed of 2 opposing families, the activating FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIII) and the inhibitory FcγR (FcγRIIb). The disturbed balance of the activating and inhibitory FcγRs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this study, the expression of FcγRs on monocytes was determined in 23 patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) before and after high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) treatment. The FcγRI expression was significantly higher in ITP patients and decreased after HD-DXM treatment. The ratio of FcγRIIa/IIb mRNA expression on monocytes was significantly higher in untreated patients than in healthy controls. After HD-DXM therapy, the ratio decreased and the increased expression of FcγRIIb mRNA and protein coincided with a remarkable decrease in the expression of FcγRIIa, FcγRI, and monocyte phagocytic capacity. There was no significant difference in FcγRIII expression on monocytes between patients and controls. In vitro cell-culture experiments showed that DXM could induce FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb expression in monocytes from ITP patients, with FcγRIIb at higher amplitudes. These findings suggested that the disturbed FcγR balance might play a role in the pathogenesis of ITP, and that HD-DXM therapy could shift monocyte FcγR balance toward the inhibitory FcγRIIb in patients with ITP.
Highly Efficient 1.8-GHz Amplifier With 120-MHz Class-G Supply Modulation (2017)

A broadband and highly efficient class-G supply modulated power amplifier (PA) system with 120-MHz instantaneous modulation bandwidth operating in the 1.8-GHz band is presented in this paper. The core element is the fast class-G supply modulator which switches the supply voltage of the RF PA between three discrete levels with a minimum pulse duration of 2.5 ns. Two designs for the drain bias interface between PA and modulator are evaluated where the best results are achieved for an implementation based on a λ/4-wavelength RF-choke. Measurement results are presented for a 120-MHz contiguous carrier aggregated signal using eleven subcarriers with modulation bandwidths ranging from 5 to 20 MHz for each subcarrier. In combination with digital predistortion, the system achieves 38.5% PAE with -40-dB EVM and -46-dB ACLR for the 120-MHz multicarrier signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 10 dB at the PA output and 39-dBm average output power. The total efficiency enhancement achieved by the class-G modulation is 13% points.
An experimental study of steady state multiplicity in a loop reactor (1969)

Abstract Steady state multiplicity in an adiabatic loop reactor was studied in experiments employing the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. The steady state characteristics of the loop reactor were predicted by a method which utilized batch reactor data of temperature vs. time directly. The method was based on the assumption of plug flow with negligible axial dispersion and on a single‐step chemical kinetic model. Experimental results verify the existence of multiple steady states on ranges of feed flow rates and recycle ratios and demonstrate the capability of the simple model for predicting the qualitative and quantitative features of the reactor steady state. Some observations were made of the effect of large disturbances on the stability of the reactor while operating in a multiple state region. Results for such cases illustrate reactor instability in the sense that a transition to a new steady state takes place provided the disturbance is sufficiently large.
Photooxidation of neptunium in nitric acid solutions (1986)

The authors establish that photolysis of a 0.5 M nitric acid solution leads to an increase in the content of neptunium (V). At a nitric acid concentration greater than 1 M, there is an increase in the proportion of neptunium (V) only during the first 10 min after which it is oxidized to the state 6+. The photolysis products of nitric acid are responsible for the change in the ratio of the valence forms of neptunium. Irradiation of nitric acid solutions of neptunium containing hydrazine does not change its valence forms. The presence of urea in the solutions stabilizes the neptunium (VI) formed during photolysis. It was shown that the uranyl ion has a sensitizing affect on the photolysis of the nitrate ion, increasing the yield of nepunium (V).
Packet forwarding along an explicit route using the unused address pool on a packet switching network (2007)

Abstract This paper considers a connectionless (CL) packet switching network, such as IP, and proposes a method in which unused addresses are used as labels for packet flows with various granularities, which are transferred along explicitly specified routes. Generally, in CL packet‐switched networks, the next packet is selected and relayed to arrive at the destination host on the basis of the destination address attached to the packet. Consequently, it is impossible to transfer packets which have the same destination address but different requirements along separate routes. One technique for performing such a transfer is multi‐protocol label switching (MPLS) and is based on a different transfer paradigm. The cost of this method is high because the transfer schemes of each participating router must be modified. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for flow‐based explicit route transfer. In the proposed method, a particular packet flow is allocated to an unused address so that an explicit route is composed from the unused address and the destination address of the packet is translated. In this method, the transfer scheme is kept essentially the same and explicit route transfer is realized only through a simple extension to the router. Depending on the mode of application, it is unnecessary to modify internal routers; the method can easily be applied to existing networks. In this paper, an application of the method to IP, as a typical CL packet switching network, is described, and the features of the proposed method are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(9): 78–89, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20308
Polarisation-independent modulators with Ti:LiNbO <sub>3</sub> strip waveguides (1984)

In the letter we demonstrate experimentally the operation of a polarisation-independent amplitude modulator based on the evolution of the electro-optical modulation efficiency against the position of the mode with respect to the electrode system. For a 20 mm-long Mach-Zehnder interferometer command voltages of 5 V have been obtained at the polarisation-insensitive configuration.
Evaluating Data Reliability: An Evidential Answer with Application to a Web-Enabled Data Warehouse (2011)

There are many available methods to integrate information source reliability in an uncertainty representation, but there are only a few works focusing on the problem of evaluating this reliability. However, data reliability and confidence are essential components of a data warehousing system, as they influence subsequent retrieval and analysis. In this paper, we propose a generic method to assess data reliability from a set of criteria using the theory of belief functions. Customizable criteria and insightful decisions are provided. The chosen illustrative example comes from real-world data issued from the Sym'Previus predictive microbiology oriented data warehouse.
Organocatalytic Approaches to Enantioenriched β‐Amino Acids (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Characterization of Copolyamides Synthesized via the Facile Blending of Polyamides (2004)

Ny6-Ny6,10 and Ny6-Ny4,6 copolyamides prepared by a facile melt mixing at 290−310 °C of carboxyl terminated Nylon6 (Ny6-COOH) with Ny6,10 or Ny4,6, were characterized by MALDI, 13C NMR, and DSC analysis. The results, from one side show how facile is the high yield synthesis of random copolyamides via the melt mixing of the corresponding polyamides. What makes the synthesis so facile is the use of a carboxyl terminated polyamide (Ny6-COOH) to attack the other polyamide (Ny4,6 or Ny6,10), as described herewith. The DSC data acquired provide a clear picture of the process. The second relevant point is about the sequence analysis of the copolyamides, made using their 13C NMR spectra. The sequence has been derived directly from chain statistics principles, avoiding the use of inadequate procedures. To our knowledge, this is the first time as far as condensation copolymers are concerned. Interesting, the sequence analysis of our copolyamides has been also performed independently, by extracting pertinent information from their MALDI spectra. The results have been found in excellent agreement with those from 13C NMR data.
The differential expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts is an indicator of the metabolic state of these disease cells. (2008)

OPG and RANKL levels, and consequently the OPG/RANKL ratio, differed according to human OA subchondral bone osteoblast classification; it is decreased in L and increased in H OA. These findings, in addition to those showing that L OA osteoblasts have a reduced subchondral bone mass and induce a higher level of osteoclast differentiation, strongly suggest that the metabolic state of the L OA osteoblasts favours bone resorption.
Multicolor light-emitting diodes with double junction structure (1975)

A GaAs:Si-GaAsP heterostructure chip coated with NaYF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> :Yb,Er phosphor has been fabricated to demonstrate multicolor operation. The one-chip light-emitting diodes (LED's) with double junctions showed a centrosymmetrical distribution of green-and red-light intensities. An intermediate hue between green and red was achieved by adjusting the thickness of the phosphor. The luminance of each color was more than 100 fL at a current density of 30 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the power efficiency was 2-3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> for green. The luminance of the green light was less than 250 fL at 20 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for a single GaAs:Si LED because of the refraction of infrared light in the GaAsP layer.
Dissolution of Human Cholesterol Gallstones in Bile Salt/Lecithin Mixtures: Effect of Bile Salt Hydrophobicity and Various pHs (1995)

In vitro, the litholytic potency of bile salts on cholesterol gallstones primarily depends on their hydrophobicity. THDC is a new potential gallstone-dissolving agent, deserving in vivo studies.
Boolean division and factorization using binary decision diagrams (1994)

A method for performing Boolean division and factorization using a new cofactor operation, the interval cofactor, is proposed. This method Is efficiently implemented using BDD's and allows for the use of external and internal don't care sets. As well as generating a normal factored form, the method also generates an extended factored form that allows for the use of the exclusive-OR function in the expression. Using this extended form, much better factorizations may sometimes be found. The method was implemented in Catamount, a logic synthesis system currently under development. The method compares favorably to existing algebraic methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Power of Product Platforms (1997)

A 24-year-old man had repeated episodes of meningococcal meningitis. Selective deficiency of the eighth component of complement (C8) was demonstrated in the patient, his twin brother, and in one of five siblings. As the parents were first cousins of normal phenotype, this pattern is suggestive of an autosomal recessive heredity. The present report brings the total number of patients given the diagnosis of C8 deficiency to 14, and calls attention to the existence of this condition in Jews of Sephardic (Mediterranean) origin.
HTS Flux Pump for Cryogen-Free HTS Magnets (2005)

A reliable method for persistent-current mode operation of HTS magnets is still not available. As an alternative solution to external high-current power supplies we have developed a cryogen-free operating transformer-rectifier type HTS flux pump. Using this device only small ac currents have to be supplied into the cryogenic system. Both thermally triggered HTS thin film switches as well as cryogenic MOSFET switches have been used to operate a conduction-cooled 0.5 T HTS magnet coil. This paper presents results of experimental test and modeling of the flux pump operation.
A 12-ns ECL I/O 256 K*1-bit SRAM using a 1- mu m BiCMOS technology (1988)

An ECL (emitter-coupled-logic) I/O 256K*1-bit SRAM (static random-access memory) has been developed using a 1- mu m BiCMOS technology. The double-level-poly, double-level-metal process produces 0.8- mu m CMOS effective gate lengths and polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors. A zero-DC-power ECL-to-CMOS translation scheme has been implemented to interface the ECL periphery circuits to the CMOS decode and NMOS matrix. Low-impedance bit-line loads were used to minimize read access time. Minimization of bit-line recovery time after a write cycle is achieved through the use of a bipolar/CMOS write recovery method. Full-die simulations were performed using HSPICE on a CRAY-1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endogenous pulsing and stimulated release of growth hormone in dairy calves of high and low genetic merit (1993)

Abstract Fifty-five calves aged 105 days of age, of both sexes, belonging to two genetic groups (H, high or L, low) differing in their predicted breeding value (PBV) by 78 kg for fat plus protein yield, were individually penned for 3 weeks with the final 2 weeks on a diet designed to provide energy close to their maintenance requirements. The calves were then cannulated in the jugular vein and blood was sampled every 15 min for 25 h. Following this a growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) preparation was administered on up to four occasions, being one of (per kg live weight) either 0·2 or 0·4 μg GRF (treatments SGRF or DGRF respectively) or 0·2 μg thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). On each occasion blood samples were taken at −15, 4, 8,12,16, 20 and 45 min relative to the time of administration and up to four further occasions, one prior to and three within 32 min of administration. Samples were assayed for growth hormone (GH). GH concentration of troughs prior to an episode of GH release was 1·19-fold greater in H compared with L calves with concentrations decreasing to 0·9 of their previous values each h. Trough and peak concentrations had repeatabilities of 0·21 and 0·26 respectively (both P < 0·05). There was no association between PBV and either peak concentrations, number of pulses (4·84 per 25 h) or mean GH concentration (13·3 μg/l). GH released was only 1·11-fold greater after DGRF than SGRF. The difference in the regression coefficients for PBV between SGRF and DGRF was small, as it was for the difference between coefficients for the two sexes. The pooled coefficient was 0·00342 log e units per kg (s.e. 0·00157; P< 0·05) indicating a 1·31-fold greater response in H than in L calves. The correlation between responses to SGRF and DGRF was 0·482 and the repeatability of SGRF was 0·338; a pooled repeatability was estimated as 0·362( P < 0·01). The regression of GH release on PBV for TRH was 0·00345 (s.e. 0·00330). For all secretagogues, response depended on prior concentrations. It was concluded that GH release following GRF administration was positively related to PBV in dairy calves and response was moderately repeatable; furthermore, although aspects of endogenous secretion may be related to PBV they suffer from measurement difficulties.
Open-source benchmarking for learned reaching motion generation in robotics (2015)

Abstract This paper introduces a benchmark framework to evaluate the performance of reaching motion generation approaches that learn from demonstrated examples. The system implements ten different performance measures for typical generalization tasks in robotics using open source MATLAB software. Systematic comparisons are based on a default training data set of human motions, which specify the respective ground truth. In technical terms, an evaluated motion generation method needs to compute velocities, given a state provided by the simulation system. This however is agnostic to how this is done by the method or how the methods learns from the provided demonstrations. The framework focuses on robustness, which is tested statistically by sampling from a set of perturbation scenarios. These perturbations interfere with motion generation and challenge its generalization ability. The benchmark thus helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of competing approaches, while allowing the user the opportunity to configure the weightings between different measures.
The N Terminus of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 3 Interacts with 18 S rRNA and 80 S Ribosomes (1998)

Elongation factor-3 (EF-3) is an essential fungal-specific translation factor which exhibits a strong ribosome-dependent ATPase activity and has sequence homologies that may predict domains critical for its role in protein synthesis, including a domain at the N terminus, which exhibits sequence homology with Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S5. A portion of the N terminus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EF-3 (spanning the S5 homology region) has been cloned, expressed, and purified from E. coli. UV cross-linking experiments revealed that the N-terminal EF-3 protein (N-term EF-3) can be specifically cross-linked to 18 S rRNA. Filter-binding assays confirmed these data, and also established that the interaction has a Kd approximately 238 nM. Additional evidence shows that N-term EF-3 is able to associate with yeast ribosomes and inhibit the ribosome-dependent ATPase activity of native EF-3. These data taken together suggest that at least one of the ribosome-binding sites of EF-3 is located at the N terminus.
B and N ion implantation into carbon nanotubes: Insight from atomistic simulations (2005)

By employing atomistic computer simulations with empirical potential and density functional force models, we study $\mathrm{B}∕\mathrm{N}$ ion implantation onto carbon nanotubes. We simulate irradiation of single-walled nanotubes with B and N ions and show that up to 40% of the impinging ions can occupy directly the $s{p}^{2}$ positions in the nanotube atomic network. We further estimate the optimum ion energies for direct substitution. Ab initio simulations are used to get more insight into the structure of the typical atomic configurations which appear under the impacts of the ions. As annealing should further increase the number of $s{p}^{2}$ impurities due to dopant atom migration and annihilation with vacancies, we also study migration of impurity atoms over the tube surface. Our results indicate that irradiation-mediated doping of nanotubes is a promising way to control the nanotube electronic and even mechanical properties due to impurity-stimulated crosslinking of nanotubes.
Capabilities Of The Inspex EX2000 Patterned Wafer Inspection System (1987)

This paper describes the effects of grazing angle illumination on the particle sensitivity for small particles resting on bare silicon wafers and on patterned wafers. A mathematical model of particle illumination is used to support data gathered from the Inspex EX2000 Patterned Wafer Inspection System. A methodology is given for setting up the instrument in order to achieve maximum particle sensitivity on patterned wafers.