gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smoothing of Scatterplots (1982)

Abstract : A variable span scatterplot smoother based on local linear fits is described. Local cross-validation is used to estimate the optimal span as a function of abscissa value. A rejection rule is suggested to make the smoother resistant against outliers. Computationally efficient algorithms making use of updating formulas and corresponding FORTRAN subroutines are presented.
Augmentation of Blood Circulation to the Fingers through Wrist Warming to Enhance Finger Comfort during Long-Duration EVA (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This pilot study explored the effectiveness of local wrist warming as a potential countermeasure for providing finger comfort during extended duration EVA. Four subjects (3 males and 1 female) were evaluated in three different experimental conditions. Two additional body surface and wrist thermal conditions were evaluated on a smaller number of subjects. Wrist warming significantly increased finger temperature in ambient temperature. A clear positive effect to the fingers was evident when total body heat deficit was 30% of basal metabolic heat production in resting conditions. These initial findings indicate that wrist warming has considerable potential for increasing astronaut comfort during EVA while decreasing power requirements.</div></div>
Control of electric field at the surface of P-N junctions (1964)

Both degradation resulting from ion migration and surface breakdown of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-n</tex> junctions depend strongly on electric field. These problems can be minimized or avoided by designing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-n</tex> junction devices so that the electric field at the surface is substantially lower than that within the body of the device. The shape, surface doping, and dielectric constant at the junction-surface interface have an appreciable influence on the electric field of the adjoining space charge layer. Using relaxation methods, solutions of Poisson's equation in two dimensions have been found which permit predictions of the surface fields as a function of surface geometry and dielectric coatings. Measurements of the surface field by probing the junctions are in good agreement with calculated values. This approach has led to the design of very high voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-n</tex> junction devices which exhibit body breakdown only. With the breakdown confined to the body of the device, the reverse power dissipation capability is not only predictable but significantly greater (typically 30 a at 1200 v for a 100 µsec pulse applied to a large area device) than that achievable with surface limited devices.
Coiled configuration for flow inversion and its effect on residence time distribution (1984)

Abstract Flatter velocity profiles and more uniform thermal environents are extremely desirous factors for improved performance in flow reactors and heat exchangers. One means of achieving this in laminar flow systems is to use mixers and flow inverters. These improve performance but at higher initial and operating costs. This paper introduces a new and more effective device for flow inversion which is achieved by changing the direction of centrifugal force in helically‐coiled tubes. Transient response experiments carried out under the conditions of both negligible and significant molecular diffusion reveal drastic narrowing of the residence time distribution (RTD). The effectiveness of the present device can be assessed by the fact that even at a Dean number of 3 the value of dispersion number as low as 0.0013 is obtained under the condition of significant diffusion, and in the case of negligible diffusion the value of dimensionless time at which the first element of tracer appears at the outlet is as high as 0.85.
Image‐based spectral reflectance reconstruction using the matrix R method (2007)

Abstract The ultimate goal of spectral imaging is to achieve high spectral accuracy, so that the spectral information can be used to calculate colorimetrically accurate images for any combination of illuminant and observer. A new spectral reconstruction method, called the matrix R method, was developed to reconstruct spectral reflectance factor accurately while simultaneously achieving high colorimetric performance for a defined illuminant and observer. The method combines the benefits of both colorimetric and spectral transformations. Tristimulus values were predicted by a colorimetric transformation from multi‐channel camera signals, while spectral reflectance factor was estimated by a spectral transformation from the same signals. The method reconstructed reflectance factor by combining the fundamental stimulus from the predicted tristimulus values with the metameric black from the estimated spectral reflectance, based on the Wyszecki hypothesis. The experimental results verified the new method as a promising technique for building a spectral image database. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 343–351, 2007
The "Le" interface: performance evaluation of 2-tier and 3-tier 3GPP compliant realizations (2005)

Location-based services (LBS) constitute one of the most attractive services' categories for cellular networks. 3GPP defines the "Le" interface for external LBS provision and access to the core network of mobile operators. Multiple proprietary and commercial protocols and APIs can be used to implement this interface. The paper examines the realization of "Le" interface according to the proposed 3GPP standards, namely the mobile location protocol (MLP) over HTTP and the mobility API of OSA/Parlay using middleware technologies. The performance of both approaches is evaluated. Furthermore, with respect to the mobility API of OSA/Parlay, three implementations, based on respective middleware technologies (CORBA, RMI and Web Services over SOAP), are examined, for evaluating the performance of each OSA/Parlay gateway. The results of the experiments provide useful performance indicators concerning the efficiency of the internal architecture of each implementation as well as the anticipated speed of the user-service interaction.
EFFECT OF RARE EARTHS ON PROPERTIES OF BNBRE RAIL STEEL (2003)

The development and properties of BNbRE rail steel and the effect of RE on rail steel are discussed in this paper. The results indicate that the properties of rail steel are improved by adding RE and niobium while adjusting the content of C, Si and Mn in steel, while the abrasion resistance, contact fatigue and fatigue property of BNbRE remain excellent. The results also show that RE in rail steel purifies steel, modifies inclusion and micro-alloy action effect. The quality of molten steel is enhanced by the improved steel making process. Even with a low RE content, excellent properties of BNbRE rail can be achieved.
Leuchtgasfabrikation (1928)

Gasgemische zur Beleuchtung werden durch Zersetzungsdestillation verschiedener Substanzen erhalten. Besonders benützt man Steinkohlen, Holz, verschiedene Öle, Fette und Harze. Man spricht daher von Steinkohlen-, Holz-, Öl-, Fetteis.
INVESTIGATION OF PENCIL-LEAD BREAKS AS ACOUSTIC EMISSION SOURCES (2011)

Pencil-lead breaks are widely used as a reproducible source for test signals in acoustic emission (AE) applications. Experimental and numerical studies are presented that focus on the differences in surface displacements obtained from pencil-lead breaks under different angles and free lead lengths. Experimentally, a setup for measurement of rupture forces during pencil-lead breaks was designed. The experiments were carried out with different lead diameters, different free lead lengths and under various angles with respect to an aluminum block. The measured forces were used as parameters for validation of finite element modeling of pencil-lead breakage. The model for the pencil-lead break source was developed using multi-scale modeling and dynamic boundary conditions. Various experimental conditions were simulated, and the resulting surface displacement and forces at the contact between lead and aluminum block were evaluated to obtain numerical source functions for pencil-lead breaks. A comparison is made between source functions of finite element simulation and analytical source functions as proposed in literature. The obtained source functions elucidate the difference in signal magnitudes for the various angles and lead lengths and yield insight in the microscopic processes during lead fracture. 1.
Repurposing the aldose reductase inhibitor and diabetic neuropathy drug epalrestat for the congenital disorder of glycosylation PMM2-CDG (2019)

Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency, or PMM2-CDG, is the most common congenital disorder of glycosylation and affects over 1000 patients globally. There are no approved drugs that treat the symptoms or root cause of PMM2-CDG. To identify clinically actionable compounds that boost human PMM2 enzyme function, we performed a multispecies drug repurposing screen using a novel worm model of PMM2-CDG, followed by PMM2 enzyme functional studies in PMM2-CDG patient fibroblasts. Drug repurposing candidates from this study, and drug repurposing candidates from a previously published study using yeast models of PMM2-CDG, were tested for their effect on human PMM2 enzyme activity in PMM2-CDG fibroblasts. Of the 20 repurposing candidates discovered in the worm-based phenotypic screen, 12 were plant-based polyphenols. Insights from structure-activity relationships revealed epalrestat, the only antidiabetic aldose reductase inhibitor approved for use in humans, as a first-in-class PMM2 enzyme activator. Epalrestat increased PMM2 enzymatic activity in four PMM2-CDG patient fibroblast lines with genotypes R141H/F119L, R141H/E139K, R141H/N216I and R141H/F183S. PMM2 enzyme activity gains ranged from 30% to 400% over baseline, depending on genotype. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase by epalrestat may shunt glucose from the polyol pathway to glucose-1,6-bisphosphate, which is an endogenous stabilizer and coactivator of PMM2 homodimerization. Epalrestat is a safe, oral and brain penetrant drug that was approved 27 years ago in Japan to treat diabetic neuropathy in geriatric populations. We demonstrate that epalrestat is the first small molecule activator of PMM2 enzyme activity with the potential to treat peripheral neuropathy and correct the underlying enzyme deficiency in a majority of pediatric and adult PMM2-CDG patients.
Conservation and Heterogeneity of <i>vlsE</i> among Human and Tick Isolates of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2000)

The vls (variable major protein [VMP]-like sequence) locus of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes an antigenic variation system that closely resembles the VMP system of relapsing fever borreliae. To determine whether vls sequences are present consistently in low-passage, infectious isolates of B. burgdorferi, 22 blood and erythema migrans biopsy isolates from Lyme disease patients in Westchester County, New York, were examined by Southern blot and PCR analysis. Each of the strains contained a single plasmid varying in size from 21 to 38 kb that hybridized strongly with a vlsE probe based on the B. burgdorferi B31 sequence. In contrast, PCR products were obtained with only 10 of the 22 strains when primers corresponding to the 5' and 3' regions of the B31 vlsE sequence outside the variable cassette region were used. Only 2 of 16 B. burgdorferi-infected tick specimens yielded detectable PCR product. Eight of 10 strains that yielded a PCR product under these conditions were type 1 (a genotype with a high rate of dissemination), according to PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of intergenic rDNA sequences, whereas the isolates that did not yield vlsE PCR products were either type 2 or type 3. Comparison of the sequences of cloned PCR products from the patient isolates indicated a high degree of identity to the B31 sequence, with most of the differences restricted to the hypervariable regions known to undergo sequence variation. Taken together, these results both reinforce previous evidence that vls sequences are present consistently in low-passage Lyme disease spirochetes and indicate that both highly conserved and heterogeneous subgroups exist with regard to vlsE sequences.
Stimulated Photorefractive Optical Neural Networks (1992)

This final report describes research in optical neural networks performed under DARPA sponsorship at Hughes Aircraft Company during the period 1989-1992. The objective of demonstrating a programmable optical computer for flexible implementation of multi-layer neural network models was successfully achieved. The advantages of optics for neural network implementations include large storage capacity, high connectivity, and massive parallelism which result in high computation rates. The optical neurocomputer developed on this program is based on a new type of holography, cascaded grating holography (CGH), in which the neural network weights are distributed among angularly- and spatially- multiplexed gratings generated by stimulated processes in photorefractive crystals. This approach reduces crosstalk and improves the utilization of the optical input device. Successfully implemented neural networks include the Perceptron, Bidirectional Associative Memory, and multi-layer backpropagation networks. Up to 104 neurons, 2xl0(7) weights, and processing rates of 2xl0(7) connection updates per second were achieved. Packaging concepts for future versions of the neurocomputer were also studied.
71. Some acyl derivatives of iodine (1941)

J. W. H. Oldham and A. R. Ubbelohde, J. Chem. Soc., 1941, 368 DOI: 10.1039/JR9410000368
The impact of clonal evolution on response to imatinib mesylate (STI571) in accelerated phase CML (2002)

In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the development of chromosomal abnormalities in addition to the Philadelphia chromosome (clonal evolution) is considered by many to be a feature of accelerated phase (AP). Imatinib mesylate (STI571), a selective inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, has significant activity in AP CML. As clonal evolution could allow Bcr-Abl independent proliferation, we analyzed its impact on the outcome of 71 AP patients treated with 600 mg of imatinib mesylate. Fifteen patients had clonal evolution alone (AP-CE), 32 had AP features but no evidence of clonal evolution (HEM-AP), and 24 had AP features plus clonal evolution (HEM-AP + CE). Of the AP-CE patients, 73% had a major cytogenetic response, compared with 31% of the HEM-AP patients (P =.043) and 12.5% of the HEM-AP + CE patients (P =.007). Complete cytogenetic responses were seen in 60% of AP-CE patients, compared with 31% of HEM-AP patients (P =.19) and 8% of HEM-AP + CE patients (P <.001). With mean follow-up of 11.2 months, 35% of all patients failed treatment. The lowest estimated rate of treatment failure at 1 year, 0%, was seen in AP-CE patients, compared with rates of 31% for HEM-AP patients and 69% for HEM-AP + CE patients (P =.0004). After 1 year, 100% of AP-CE patients were still alive, compared with 85% of HEM-AP patients and 67.5% of HEM-AP + CE patients (P =.01). In conclusion, in patients with clonal evolution as the sole criterion of disease acceleration, good responses to imatinib are still possible. Once patients have other signs of acceleration, clonal evolution predicts lower response rates and a shorter time to treatment failure.
DSC study on recrystallization of amorphous cellulose with water (1974)

Abstract The recrystallization of amorphous cellulose at various relative humidities was studied to clarify the relation between the amount of adsorbed water in cellulose and the molecular motion by the DSC method. The initial recrystallization kinetics of amorphous cellulose at various relative humidities were observed on the basis of the exothermic peak between 380° and 470°K in a DSC curve. The recrystallization occurred easily by conditioning at higher than 80% R.H., but hardly by conditioning at lower than 65% R.H. These facts suggest that the conformation of cellulose seems to be easily changeable if cellulose has a moisture regain which is approximately comparable to capillary water. When the Avrami equation was applied to the slope of calorific value versus conditioning time at higher than 80% R. H., it also appeared that the mode of recrystallization growth of amorphous cellulose exposed to water vapor is one‐dimensional.
THE CULTURE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR: FACT OR FICTION (1990)

ABSTRACT Fourteen different cultural concepts which differentiate and help shape the attitudes of the entrepreneur are examined in this paper. The responses represent 173 entrepreneurs and 398 non-entrepreneurs in the country. Analysis suggests that there are significant differences between how entrepreneurs perceive their cultural values relative to the rest of the Canadian population. A comparison of the non-entrepreneurs perception of their different values with those of the entrepreneurs established that entrepreneurs values are indeed valid, and that their cultural self-image may impact on the organizational culture of the embryo enterprise.
Syntheses of isoalloxazines and isoalloxazine 5-oxides. A new synthesis of riboflavin (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of isoalloxazines and isoalloxazine 5-oxides. A new synthesis of riboflavinFumio Yoneda, Yoshiharu Sakuma, Misuzu Ichiba, and Kazuko ShinomuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3, 830–835Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00419a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1168Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (580 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SARS Transmission Pattern in Singapore Reassessed by Viral Sequence Variation Analysis (2005)

This study has further demonstrated the importance of improving clinical and epidemiological studies of pathogen transmission through the use of genetic analysis and has revealed the MS-based analysis to be a sensitive and accurate method for characterizing SARS-CoV genetic variations in clinical samples. We suggest that this approach should be used routinely during outbreaks of a wide variety of agents, in order to allow the most effective control.
Photosensitization of diamond thin films (1990)

Photosensitization of diamond thin films, prepared by the hot-filament technique, has been achieved with thin overcoatings of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. It is observed that injection of electrons, photogenerated in the amorphous silicon, proceeds with efficiencies approaching unity. To reconcile this with the reported electron energy structures of these two materials, the presence of localized, acceptor-like states 2 eV above the valence band of diamond must be invoked. In addition their density must be sufficiently high to account for the inferred lower limit of 10−8 cm2 /V for the electron range.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, in patients with fibromyalgia receiving concomitant medications (2005)

In a subset of patients with fibromyalgia, approximately 50% of whom required narcotic analgesia and/or were disabled, treatment with pramipexole improved scores on assessments of pain, fatigue, function, and global status, and was safe and well-tolerated.
Practical aspects of reflectivity modeling (1987)

Abstract This paper is intended to help those not familiar with the 'lore' of layered earth modeling to avoid some common problems. In the computation of the reflectivity function, an easily incorporated phase-integral approximation is used away from turning points when the velocity gradient is smaller than the frequency. Hanning windows, or segments thereof, work well for both the slowness integral and the frequency integral. For the quadrature of the slowness integral the Filon method of Frazer is easily coded and vectorizes well; Levin's Filon method and the Clenshaw-Curtis-Filon method of Xu and Mal are more difficult to vectorize, but more powerful because they require fewer evaluations of the reflectivity function. A modification of Strick's power law is a convenient way to calculate complex frequency-dependent seismic velocities. The complex frequency technique for avoiding time aliasing is explained by use of the Poisson sum formula. In writing code for vector computers, such as the CRAY, if frequency-independent velocities are used, the frequency loop should be deepest, whereas if frequency-dependent velocities are used, then the p-loops should be deepest.
Estimation of Capital and Levelized Cost for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Application of CM0 resist model to OPC and verification (2006)

We present calibration results for physically-based Compact Model Zero (CM0) used in OPC and OPC Verifications. The model sequentially solves equations for the exposure, baking, and development using 2D meshes and contour movements. CM0 can be used to explore next generation OPC techniques before CD calibration measurements are available, as well as an alternative to empirical compact models in routine OPC flows. Linearization of CM0 suggests modeling forms that are used in the CM1 model. CM1 is easier to calibrate because it is linear by the modeling coefficients and also includes modeling terms to account for long range loading effects.
Dipeptidyl peptidase I is required for the processing and activation of granzymes A and B<i>in vivo</i> (1999)

Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that has been implicated in the processing of granzymes, which are neutral serine proteases exclusively expressed in the granules of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes. In this report, we show that cytotoxic lymphocytes derived from DPPI-/- mice contain normal amounts of granzymes A and B, but these molecules retain their prodipeptide domains and are inactive. Cytotoxic assays with DPPI-/- effector cells reveal severe defects in the induction of target cell apoptosis (as measured by [(125)I]UdR release) at both early and late time points; this defect is comparable to that detected in perforin-/- or granzyme A-/- x B-/- cytotoxic lymphocytes. DPPI therefore plays an essential role in the in vivo processing and activation of granzymes A and B, which are required for cytotoxic lymphocyte granule-mediated apoptosis.
Adaptable, reusable code (1995)

This paper discusses the concept of adaptability as a means for reaping the cost and schedule reduction benefits of reuse. Adaptability strives to implement the variability identified by domain analyses while managing the cost of implementation, extension, and use. The paper discusses a context for understanding different domain-specific reuse approches relative to adaptability and analyzes experience in designing and developing adaptable code. The experience is drawn from the ARPA Software Technology for Adaptable, Reliable Systems (STARS) joint demonstration project with U.S. Navy.