gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoupling capacitors for multi-voltage power distribution systems (2006)

Multiple power supply voltages are often used in modern high-performance ICs, such as microprocessors, to decrease power consumption without affecting circuit speed. To maintain the impedance of a power distribution system below a specified level, multiple decoupling capacitors are placed at different levels of the power grid hierarchy. The system of decoupling capacitors used in power distribution systems with multiple power supplies is described in this paper. The noise at one power supply can propagate to the other power supply, causing power and signal integrity problems in the overall system. With the introduction of a second power supply, therefore, the interaction between the two power distribution networks should be considered. The dependence of the impedance and magnitude of the voltage transfer function on the parameters of the power distribution system is investigated. An antiresonance phenomenon is intuitively explained in this paper. It is shown that the magnitude of the voltage transfer function is strongly dependent on the parasitic inductance of the decoupling capacitors, decreasing with smaller inductance. Design techniques to cancel and shift antiresonant spikes out of range of the operating frequencies are presented. It is also shown that it is highly desirable to maintain the effective series inductance of the decoupling capacitors as low as possible to decrease the overshoots of the response of the dual-voltage power distribution system over a wide range of operating frequencies. A criterion for an overshoot-free voltage response is presented in this paper. It is noted that the frequency range of the overshoot-free voltage response can be traded off with the magnitude of the response.
Practical extension of Fiat-Shamir scheme (1988)

The letter proposes an extension of the Fiat-Shamir identification scheme which is based on the difficulty of extracting Lth roots mod n. A typical implementation of our extension is more efficient than that of the original Fiat-Shamir scheme from the standpoint of transmitted information size and memory size.
Novel Family of Thermogelling Materials via C−C Bonding between Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(ethylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(propylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) (1998)

Pluronic poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) block copolymers are copolymerized with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) by a one-step free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid with the chain transfer to the Pluronic dissolved in the acrylic acid. Exponential increase of branching and cross-linking in the resulting Pluronic−PAA copolymers is observed at high degrees of conversion of acrylic acid. The solutions show reversible gelation within a narrow temperature range, with a gelled state resembling that of permanently cross-linked gels. Onset of thermogelation in Pluronic−PAA solution coincides with augmentation of light-scattering intensity of large scatterers and approaches the critical micellization temperature of the parent Pluronic. Effects of the overall PEO content and the length of the PPO segment in the parent Pluronic on the properties of copolymers are revealed.
Compressing address trace data for cache simulations (1997)

Summary form only given. Our new approach of storing address traces, the RPS format (recovered program structure), is based on two ideas: first, the structure of the underlying program is reconstructed from the address trace, and second, the output is decomposed in multiple files such that gzip can take advantage of repeated input patterns. In the first step, the control flow of the program is determined by identifying the basic blocks, i.e., the straight segments of code with no jumps in and out. Then, the invocation sequence of basic blocks is written to a file, which can be compressed by a factor of more than 35, since gzip can easily detect patterns in it. The basic block data contains information on the length of a basic block and on the position of load and store instructions among all instructions. Their addresses are stored in separate files. In the second step, the load and store references are partitioned in global, local and unassigned variable classes. Global variables have the same value for all invocations of a basic block, local variables can be represented as base + offset, where offset is a constant and base only changes between invocations of a basic block. All other variables are "unassigned" and their addresses are stored in separate files as a difference to the previous value.
A novel speaker adaptation algorithm and its implementation on a RISC microprocessor (2002)

We have developed speech recognition middleware on a RISC microprocessor. The speech recognition function is required in many applications of RISC microprocessors, such as ear navigation systems and handheld PCs. The speech recognition middleware provides a fundamental library for developers to make those applications. Speaker adaptation is one of the most important functions to realize robust recognition performance. As part of the speech recognition middleware, we have developed a new speaker adaptation algorithm, in which the relationships among HMM (hidden Markov model) transfer vectors are provided as a set of pre-trained interpolation coefficients. Experimental evaluations showed promising results that 28% of recognition errors are reduced using 10 words for adaptation and 52% are reduced using 50 words.
Bit error rate measurement of 2.5 Gbit/s data modulated solitons generated by InGaAsP EA modulator using a circulating loop (1992)

The bit error rate and waveform of transform-limited optical solitons generated by a sinusoidally modulated electro-absorption modulator using a circulating loop are characterised. Less than 10-9 BER was achieved at 2.5 Gbit/s over 6400 km. The results show the promising future of simple and stable optical pulse generation using electroabsorption modulators.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) receptor expression on resting and mitogen‐activated T cells (1989)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a potent autocrine growth inhibitor of lymphocytes. In this study, the expression of TGF-beta 1 binding proteins was characterized on murine splenic T cells. With an affinity cross-linking method and by neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta 1, [125I] TGF-beta 1 was found to bind to three cell surface-binding proteins (280-200 kD, 95-85 kD, 65 kD) that were differentially expressed on resting and mitogen-stimulated T cells. Freshly prepared (resting) T cells were found to constitutively express the 95-85-kD form of these binding proteins, whereas mitogenic stimulation by either concanavalin-A (Con-A), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), or 12-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 12-72 h induced the appearance of all forms of the TGF-beta 1 binding proteins (280-200 kD, 95-85 kD, and 65 kD). Furthermore, antibodies that neutralized the biologic action of TGF-beta 1 also blocked the binding of [125I] TGF-beta 1 to all three binding proteins, suggesting that these binding proteins are involved with signal transduction. These results suggest that the expression of the TGF-beta 1 receptor on T cells is regulated by T cell mitogenic signals and that a regulatory relationship may exist between T cell growth-promoting cytokines (IL-1 and IL-2) and the T cell growth inhibitor, TGF-beta 1.
The Geometric Design and Fabrication of Actuating Cellular Structures (2015)

A geometric method is presented to design cellular structures that actuate upon inflation. Through finite element simulations, it is demonstrated that these structures can undergo large directed expansions upon inflation and efficiently convert an input pressure into an output force. This design concept is validated through the controlled swelling of tangible prototypes fabricated using multi­material 3D printing. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ozone Inactivation Of Biologically-Risky Wastewaters (1995)

Abstract Total inactivation of ten microorganisms inoculated in a model wastewater was achieved by ozone treatment at laboratory scale. Microorganisms selected included four viruses, three non-sporulated bacteria, two sporulated bacteria and one fungus, employed in vaccine preparation for animals. Viruses resulted in the most readily-inactivated microorganisms and sporulated bacteria the most resistant strains, although Salmonella typhimurium, a non-sporulated bacterium, showed an unusually high resistance. Inactivations followed a second-order kinetic law, depending on both ozone and microorganism concentrations. In each case, kinetic parameters which characterize the inactivation process were measured experimentally.
A New, Pluronic-based, Bone Hemostatic Agent That Does Not Impair Osteogenesis (2001)

The Pluronic blend exhibits handling properties similar to those of bone wax, readily achieves hemostasis, and does not inhibit bone regrowth. Pluronic compounds may serve as effective absorbable hemostatic agents for the treatment of bone bleeding in sites where fusion is critical. In addition, this copolymer blend may find use as a vehicle for the short-term release of pharmacological agents, which may further reduce the incidence of infections, reduce inflammation, and improve fusion rates.
The Grand Tour: constructing the English gentleman<sup>1</sup>in eighteenth‐century France (1992)

1In this paper, I use the term ‘gentleman’ to refer primarily to the nobleman, after the manner of Swift and Chesterfield. (For example, Jonathan Swift, ‘An Essay on Modern Education’, in T. Roscoe, ed., The Works of Jonathan Swift (London, 1880), II, 291; Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, Letters to his Son 1737‐1768 ([1774], London 1890), CCXIV, 18 January 1750). In the eighteenth century, however, the increasingly wider application of the term gentleman caused Chesterfield to complain that the term was ‘misapplied’, (The World 6 December 1753). J. Barrell discusses the problems of identifying the ‘true’ gentleman in his English Literature in History 1730‐80: An Equal Wide Survey (London, 1983), 36. J. A. Sharpe apologizes for the ‘imprecision’ in his promiscuous use of the terms ‘nobility’, ‘gentry’, ‘gentleman’ and even ‘aristocrat’, but, he adds, this imprecision was ‘shared by most early modern writers’. (Early Modern England: A Social History 1550‐1760 (London, 1987), Chapter 6 ‘The Lan...
Estudio de la demandas de coordinación de los equipos de orientación educativa de la Comunidad Andaluza (Huelva) = Demands for coordination of educational guidance teams study in Andalusia community (Huelva) (2014)

This article discusses the information on a wider investigation on the situation of the Educational Guidance Teams in the region of Huelva. It analyzes the coordination and the relationships established with other services and institutions, in the field of education, as well as health and social services. The Ministry of Education, within their priority areas for action, encourages and facilitates meetings of coordination between institutions involved in the educational process itself. Such coordination is hampered by the duplication of functions that these teams develop, trying to cover the zonal aspect that characterizes them, but at the same time, having to remain present at the centers for the whole working day. On the other hand, the European Higher Education opens opportunities to participate in courses, mobility, and joint research with foreign entities that incorporate innovative aspects guiding the work, which can be incorporated into their practice. After analyzing their opinions - through a questionnaire and a discussion group as instruments of data collection we found that although the coordination between different services is highly valued by team members, supported and endorsed by policy-level, Administration is still insufficient. With these data we can get closer to the reality that surrounds these support services to the guidance in the schools and make proposals for improvement.
Inhibition of Dihydrofolate Reductase and Cell Growth by Antifolates in a Methotrexate-Resistant Cell Line (1984)

The structural features and lipid solubility of four different classes of antifolate compounds were compared for their inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and growth in a normal and methotrexate (MTX)-resistant 3T6 mouse cell line. All of the compounds have been shown previously to have antifolate activity. The resistant cell line has a 7-fold increase in DHFR activity with normal transport, but an altered affinity for MTX. All the antifolates were equally effective in inhibiting DHFR and growth in the parent cell line. Inhibition of partially purified DHFR from the resistant cells increased with changes in lipid solubility and structure of the compounds, compared to the parent DHFR. These data demonstrate that the resistant cells may be more sensitive to the structurally dissimilar antifolates than to MTX and lend importance to further development of this type of antifolate. These results suggest that these compounds may be useful in circumventing antifolate resistance due to alterations in target enzyme concentration and drug-enzyme affinity, as well as drug transport.
The MasPar MP-1 architecture (2002)

The MasPar MP-1 architecture is described. It is a massively parallel SIMD machine with the following key characteristics: scalable architecture in terms of the number of processing elements, system memory, and system communication bandwidth; reduced-instruction-set-computer-like instruction set design which leverages optimizing compiler technology; adherence to industry-standard floating point formats, specifically VAX and IEEE floating point; and an architectural design amenable to a VLSI implementation. The architecture provides not only high computational capability, but also a mesh and global interconnect style of communication. The computational model and subsystems of the MP-1, including the interconnection mechanisms, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracellular calcium oscillations in a T‐cell line after exposure to extremely‐low‐frequency magnetic fields with variable frequencies and flux densities (1995)

Abstract Low‐frequency magnetic fields (MF) can increase the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in lymphocytes in the same manner as a physiological stimulus such as antibodies directed towards the CD3 complex. In this study, MF with various frequencies and flux densities were used, while [Ca 2+ ] i changes were recorded using microfluorometry with fura‐2 as a probe. The applied sinusoidal MF induced oscillatory changes of [Ca 2+ ], in the leukemic cell line Jurkat in a manner similar to that seen with stimulation by antibodies. The response at 0.15 mT was over a frequency range from 5 to 100 Hz, with a fairly broad peak having its maximum at 50 Hz. The result of testing increasing flux densities at 50 Hz was a threshold response with no effect below 0.04 mT and a plateau at 0.15 mT. On the basis of the characteristic calcium pattern resulting from an applied MF, we suggest that MF influence molecular events in regular signal transduction pathways of T cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small Wind Turbine Blade Sensor for Condition Based Maintenance (2011)

Wind Energy is a fast growing industry. However, wind turbines are expensive to build, so they need proper maintenance to prolong service life. Since blades are the most important components in the wind turbine, this project prototyped a low cost sensing system to monitor blades' health. The sensor board uses Atmel microcontrollers to monitor the blade's vibration frequency by sampling a data set of 128 acceleration measurements. An integer version of Fast Fourier Transform is used to process those data. The result is then sent via radio wirelessly to a receiver for future processing. Through calculation with collected data, theoretically, the system can run for 30+ years with lithium batteries if the accelerometer on the microcontroller board is replaced. The system has been tested on a vibration shaker, and it is also tested in single disturbance with wood and aluminum beam.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL REACTION OF PYRIDINIUM 3,3‐DIACYL‐1‐BENZOYL‐ALLYLIDES (3,3‐DIACYL‐1‐BENZOYL‐1‐(1‐PYRIDINIO)PROP‐2‐ENIDES), FORMATION OF INDOLIZINE DERIVATIVES (1974)

Abstract Die durch Behandlung des Ionenaustauschers Amberlit IRA‐410 mit einer äthanolischen Lösung der Pyridiniumbromide (I) erzeugten Phenacylide (II) werden mit dem Dion (III) in Äthanol umgesetzt.
Regional expression and chromosomal localization of the delta opiate receptor gene. (1993)

The delta opiate receptor gene has been cloned from the mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell NG108-15. The clone that we isolated is apparently identical to that reported by Evans et al. [Evans, C. J., Keith, D. E., Jr., Morrison, H., Magendzo, K. & Edwards, R. H. (1992) Science 258, 1952-1955] and essentially identical with that of Kieffer et al. [Kieffer, B. L., Befort, K., Gaveriaux-Ruff, C. & Hirth, C. G. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 12048-12052]. We have found full-length transcripts of the gene in mouse brain but in no other tissues examined. Within the brain the gene is expressed at low levels in many regions but transcripts are found in particularly large amounts in the anterior pituitary and pineal glands. Since these tissues are located outside the blood-brain barrier, opioid peptides easily can reach receptors in these areas from the blood. The gene, which is present as a single copy, has been mapped to the distal region of mouse Chromosome 4.
Oxidative brain damage in Mecp2-mutant murine models of Rett syndrome (2014)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder affecting almost exclusively females, caused in the overwhelming majority of the cases by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2). High circulating levels of oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients suggest the involvement of OS in the RTT pathogenesis. To investigate the occurrence of oxidative brain damage in Mecp2 mutant mouse models, several OS markers were evaluated in whole brains of Mecp2-null (pre-symptomatic, symptomatic, and rescued) and Mecp2-308 mutated (pre-symptomatic and symptomatic) mice, and compared to those of wild type littermates. Selected OS markers included non-protein-bound iron, isoprostanes (F2-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, F2-dihomo-isoprostanes) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts. Our findings indicate that oxidative brain damage 1) occurs in both Mecp2-null (both -/y and stop/y) and Mecp2-308 (both 308/y males and 308/+ females) mouse models of RTT; 2) precedes the onset of symptoms in both Mecp2-null and Mecp2-308 models; and 3) is rescued by Mecp2 brain specific gene reactivation. Our data provide direct evidence of the link between Mecp2 deficiency, oxidative stress and RTT pathology, as demonstrated by the rescue of the brain oxidative homeostasis following brain-specifically Mecp2-reactivated mice. The present study indicates that oxidative brain damage is a previously unrecognized hallmark feature of murine RTT, and suggests that Mecp2 is involved in the protection of the brain from oxidative stress.
Lactams in sulfuric acid. The mechanism of amide hydrolysis in weak to moderately strong aqueous mineral acid media (1998)

Reaction rate constants obtained in moderately concentrated sulfuric acid for the hydrolysis of simple lactams of ring sizes five, six, seven, and eight as a function of acidity and temperature have been analyzed using the excess acidity kinetic method. The basicity constants for these substrates have been recalculated; the 13 C NMR spectra used to obtain these values are very sensitive to medium effects. It was found that the basicities of the lactams at 0.003-0.1 M lactam concentration were over half a pK unit more basic than they were at 0.5 M lactam, presumably because of the medium effect. Apart from this, the rate constant results obtained at different times by different groups using different techniques for monitoring the kinetics are in adequate agreement. The excess acidity analysis showed that the kinetics could be fitted according to the "three-water-molecule followed by one-water-molecule" mechanistic scenario previously found, or could just as well be fitted by a "one-water-molecule followed by unknown mechanism" scenario, with the mechanistic change taking place at 50 wt.% sulfuric acid for all the substrates. Other evidence makes the latter seem the more likely possibility of the two, and activation parameters based upon the "one-water-molecule" process were determined. Sufficient data points to enable the unknown mechanism to be established were not present; possible mechanisms applicable in media more concentrated than 50 wt.% sulfuric acid are discussed. Previously obtained values of the parameter r, the number of water molecules involved with the substrate in A2 processes, are now questionable.Key words: amides, lactams, excess acidity, hydrolysis, mechanism.
Carbon partitioning: within and between organisms. (1992)

The regulation of sucrose synthesis, S.C. Huber et al chloroplasts in animals - photosynthesis and assimilate distribution in chrolorplast symbioses, M.L. Willism and A.H. Cobb pathways and mechanisms of phloem loading, A.J.E. van Bel sucrose and cell water relations, A.D. Tomos et al sugar transport and metabolism in the potato tuber, K.J. Oparka et al syntehesis of storage startch, T. Rees carbon metabolism and transport in a biotrophic fungal association, J.L. Hall et al carbon partitioning and transport in parasitic angiosperms and their hosts, W.E. Seel et al carbon-11 in the study of phloem translocation, P.E.M. Minchin and M.R. Thorpe pathways of phloem loading and unloading - a plea for uniform terminology. K.J. Opartka and A.J.E. van Bel.
La visualización de la belleza. Aproximaciones gráfico-analíticas a modelos de amplia difusión (1900-1930) (2013)

El convenio social con la belleza y sus beneficios es implacable en las formas de interacción social. Es así que el trabajo propone estudiar las imágenes comunicadas en los avisos de productos contra la obesidad, publicadas en revistas de amplia difusión de 1900-1930, para decodificar el régimen escópico dominante y su relación con las representaciones sociales inherentes de cada tiempo. Se puntualiza en el análisis de las proporciones ideales; las relaciones tipológicas y morfológicas; las formas del lenguaje corporal y las prácticas de interacción social.