gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patterned Resonance Plasmonic Microarrays for High-Performance SPR Imaging (2011)

We report a novel optical platform based on SPR generation and confinement inside a defined three-dimensional microwell geometry that leads to background resonance-free SPR images. The array shows an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 80) for imaging analysis and subnanometric thickness resolution. An angular sensitivity of 1°/0.01 RIU has been achieved and the signal to background ratio (S/B) improves to 20, 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the best literature results. The design proves effective for probing-supported lipid membrane arrays in real time with a thickness resolution of 0.24 nm and allows for imaging analysis of microfluidic circuits where resonant spots are separated by only one pixel (∼7 μm). The high image quality and unique chip geometry open up new avenues for array screening and biomicrofluidics using SPRi detection.
Synthesis of Dodecatrienyl Acetate and Its Isomers. Part II (1971)

2,7-オクタジエニルアセタート〔1〕とブタジエンの反応において,ロジウム触媒の活性を増大させて酢酸ドデカトリエニルをより有利に合成することを目的として種々の検討を行なった。まずロジウム触媒におよぼす塩酸の効果を検討し,Rh1グラム原子あたり少なくともCl2グラム原子が必要であることがわかった。また反応の進行とともに触媒活性が低下していく原因のーつは2,6-オクタジエニルアセタート〔5〕および反応生成物〔2〕,〔3〕(いずれも前報に述べたn=2の非共役ジエン)による被毒であろうと推論した。さらに,反応系に四塩化炭素を存在させると触媒活性がいちじるしく増大することを見いだした(四塩化炭素は他のオレフィンとジエンのロジウム触媒反応にも有効であった)。このほかエチルアルミニウムクロリド類,およびトリメチルクロルシランもいちじるしい添加効果があった。四塩化炭素系で水素を共存させるとさらに好結果が得られた。
Improved Molecular Rectification from Self-Assembled Monolayers of a Sterically Hindered Dye (2005)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed from the reaction of 1-(10-acetylsulfanyldecyl)-4-[2-(4-dimethylaminonaphthalen-1-yl)-vinyl]-quinolinium iodide (1a) and gold-coated substrates exhibit asymmetric current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with a rectification ratio of 50-150 at +/-1 V. It is the highest to date for a molecular diode, and the improved behavior may be assigned in part to the controlled alignment of the donor-(pi-bridge)-acceptor moieties and in part to steric hindrance, which imposes a nonplanar structure and effectively isolates the molecular orbitals of the donor and acceptor end groups. The molecular origin of the rectification is verified by its suppression upon exposure to HCl vapor, which protonates the dimethylamino group and inhibits the electron-donating properties, with restoration upon exposure to NH3. It is also established by a reduced rectification ratio of ca. 2 at +/-1 V when the cationic D-pi-A+ moieties adopt an antiparallel arrangement in self-assembled films of the derivative, bis-[1-(10-decyl)-4-[2-(4-dimethylaminonaphthalen-1-yl)-vinyl]-quinolinium]-disulfide diiodide (1b), which adsorbs via one of its terminal donors without rupture of the sulfur-sulfur bond: Au/D-pi-A+-C10H20-S-S-C10H20-+A-pi-D (I-)2.
The OXO Reaction of Camphene. Structure of the Aldehyde and Derivatives (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe OXO Reaction of Camphene. Structure of the Aldehyde and DerivativesJ. C. LoCicero and R. T. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 8, 2094–2097Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01128a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01128a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scaling behavior of 1/<i>f</i> noise in high-temperature superconductor Josephson junctions (1997)

Extensive studies of the low frequency 1/f noise in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson junctions of various types and materials have been performed for a wide range of operating parameters. The origin of the measured voltage fluctuations can be traced back to the trapping and release of charge carriers in trapping centers in an insulating barrier, giving rise to correlated fluctuations of the junction critical current Ic and normal-state resistance Rn. We observed a linear dependence of the normalized critical current and resistance fluctuations on Rn, which suggests a constant density of trapping centers for the HTS Josephson junctions. The scaling of the normalized fluctuations is in good agreement with the previously found scaling relation IcRn∝1/Rn and supports a junction model assuming a leaky tunnel barrier.
Evaluation of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer for point-of-care blood testing in the intensive care units of a university children's hospital. (2002)

We evaluated the analytical performance of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer (PCA), a point-of-care testing system consisting of a hand-held analyzer and single-use cartridges that measure different panels of electrolytes, metabolites, blood gases, and hematocrit in 65-100 microl of blood. Our objective was to determine whether PCA measurements at the bedside of patients in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of the MUSC Children's Hospital would be as reliable as those performed by the clinical laboratory's primary methods (Radiometer ABL 725 blood gas analyzer; Vitros 750 chemistry analyzer; and Coulter STKS hematology analyzer). Four cartridge types: (a) EC8+ (sodium; potassium; chloride; urea; glucose; pH; blood gases [PO2; pCO2]), (b) EC6+ (sodium; potassium; ionized calcium; glucose; hematocrit; pH), (c) G3+ (pH; PO2; pCO2), and (d) creatinine, were assessed for reproducibility, linearity, and method comparisons using aqueous samples, blood samples supplemented with several analytes, and -225 blood samples from patients. Reproducibility (CV) was good (< 2%) for electrolytes, glucose, urea, and pH, satisfactory (< 6.5%) for blood gases and creatinine, but poor (21%) for hematocrit. Linearity concentrations spanning the clinically relevant ranges were verified for all analytes. Method comparison studies with samples separated into 2 subgroups by patient age (> or < 3 mo) showed that agreement between the PCA and the primary methods was clinically acceptable. After the PCA was implemented for clinical testing, the observation of discrepant results of creatinine concentrations in neonatal blood samples that would have affected clinical management led to a second creatinine comparison study (59 additional samples) and to our eventual discontinuation of the PCA creatinine assay. This problem notwithstanding, the successful implementation of the PCA is attributed to careful analytical evaluations and ongoing communication with the clinical staff.
The N‐terminal segment of antithrombin acts as a steric gate for the binding of heparin (1998)

The binding of heparin causes a conformational change in antithrombin to give an increased heparin binding affinity and activate the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa. The areas of antithrombin involved in binding heparin and stabilizing the interaction in the high-affinity form have been partially resolved through the study of both recombinant and natural variants. The role of a section of the N-terminal segment of antithrombin, residues 22-46 (segment 22-46), in heparin binding was investigated using rapid kinetic analysis of the protein cleaved at residues 29-30 by limited proteolysis with thermolysin. The cleaved antithrombin had 5.5-fold lowered affinity for heparin pentasaccharide and 1.8-fold for full-length, high-affinity heparin. It was shown that, although the initial binding of heparin is slightly enhanced by the cleavage, it dissociates much faster from the cleaved form, giving rise to the overall decrease in heparin affinity. This implies that the segment constituting residues 22-46 in the N terminus of antithrombin hinders access to the binding site for heparin, hence the increased initial binding for the cleaved form, whereas, when heparin is bound, segment 22-46 is involved in the stabilization of the binding interaction, as indicated by the increased dissociation constant. When the heparin pentasaccharide is bound to antithrombin prior to incubation with thermolysin, it protects the N-terminal cleavage site, implying that segment 22-46 moves to interact with heparin in the conformational change and thus stabilizes the complex.
Windows NT Event Logging (1998)

Preface Chapter 1--Using Windows NT The Start Menu Workstation vs. Server Security The Registry Managing Remote NT systems Multiprotocol Networking Multiuser Network OS The GUI vs. Command Line Scripting Chapter 2--The Control Panel Add/Remove Programs Console CSNW Devices Dial-Up Monitor Display FPNW GSNW Internet Licensing MacFile Modems Multimedia Network Network Monitor Agent ODBC PC Card (PCMCIA) Ports Printers Regional Settings SCSI Adapters Server Services System Tape Devices Telephony UPS Chapter 3--Administrative Tools Backup DHCP Manager Disk Administrator DNS Manager Event Viewer File Manager Internet Service Manager License Manager Migration Tool for NetWare Network Client Administrator Network Monitor Performance Monitor Remote Access Admin Rdisk Regedit Regedt32 Remoteboot Manager Server Manager System Policy Editor Task Manager User Manager Windows NT Diagnostics Windows NT Explorer WINS Manager Chapter 4--Accessories Calculator Dial-Up Networking HyperTerminal Telnet Chapter 5--RAS and DUN RAS Protocols PPTP RAS Components Installing RAS Overview of a RAS session Configuring the Network Debugging PPP Writing Scripts Windows 95 SCP Scripts PPTP MODEM.INF RASPHONE.PBK PAD.INF Chapter 6--Using the Command Line net Commands TCP/IP Commands System Administration Commands RAS Commands Miscellaneous Commands Chapter 7--Uncommon Sense Installing and Maintaining Software Troubleshooting NT Account Creation Debugging Network Problems NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) Browsing Installing Hardware Using NT as a System Administration Tool Registry Using NT as a Multiprocotol Print Server Appendix A--NetBIOS Appendix B--TCP/IP Appendix C--Server Versus Workstation Appendix D--NT Resources Glossary Task Index
Solidification behavior of austenitic stainless steel filler metals (1980)

Thermal analysis and interrupted solidification experiments on selected austenitic stainless steel filler metals provided an understanding of the solidification behavior of austenitic stainless steel welds. The sequences of phase separations found were for type 308 stainless steel filler metal, L + L + delta + L + delta + ..gamma.. ..-->.. ..gamma.. + delta, and for type 310 stainless steel filler metal, L ..-->.. L + ..gamma.. ..-->.. ..gamma... In type 308 stainless steel filler metal, ferrite at room temperature was identified as either the untransformed primary delta-ferrite formed during the initial stages of solidification or the residual ferrite after Widmanstaetten austenite precipitation. Microprobe and scanning transmission electron microscope microanalyses revealed that solute extensively redistributes during the transformation of primary delta-ferrite to austenite, leading to enrichment and stabilization of ferrite by chromium. The type 310 stainless steel filler metal investigated solidifies by the primary crystallization of austenite, with the transformation going to completion at the solidus temperature. In our samples residual ferrite resulting from solute segregation was absent at the intercellular or interdendritic regions.
The Future of Hurricane Prediction (2011)

Future hurricane prediction systems will use high-resolution inner-core observations to perform cloud-resolving analysis and forecasting in massively parallelized high-performance computing facilities.
Bedside Ultrasound of the Neck Confirms Endotracheal Tube Position in Emergency Intubations (2014)

In this emergency setting, ultrasound determined ETT locations rapidly with 100 % accuracy and independently of the CL-category.
The Role of Deep Learning in Breast Screening (2019)

To review research on deep learning models and their potential application within breast screening. The greatest issue in breast screening is a workforce crisis across the UK, much of Europe and even Japan. Traditional computer-aided detection (CAD) for mammography decision-support could not reach the level of an independent reader. Deep learning (DL) outperforms CAD and is close to surpassing human performance. DL is already capable of decision support and density assessment for 2D full-field digital mammography (FFDM), and is on the cusp of providing consistent, accurate and interpretable mammography reading as an independent reader. A bold vision for the future of breast cancer screening is required if programmes are to maintain double reading standards. DL provides the potential for single reading programmes, such as in the USA, to reach EU double reading accuracy, as well as providing practical support for adoption of the emerging modality of digital breast tomosynthesis.
The Use of an Automated, Portable Glucose Control System for Overnight Glucose Control in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

These results suggest that the PGCS, an automated closed-loop device, is safe and effective in achieving overnight glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Cathode-Coupled Wide-Band Amplifiers (1945)

A general analysis indicates that, in wide-band amplifiers, stable operation is possible with triodes in circuits using the cathode as a signal terminal. The amplification, however, is approximately equal only to the square root of that available with grounded-cathode amplifier, and therefore twice as many tube units are required to obtain the same amplification. In certain applications, however, the utility of such circuits outweighs the loss of gain. A simple radio-frequency amplifier was designed for television receivers, using a cathode-input circuit. By combining a cathodeoutput and a cathode-input stage using one single twin-triode tube, a circuit was devised which compares favorably with pentode stages with respect to gain, stability, and economy, while it has far superior noise characteristics. The new circuit, called the "cathode-coupled twin-triode" amplifier, provides greater flexibility than conventional amplifier circuits, and can be used for radio-frequency, intermediatefrequency, video, converter, or detector services. Since the same tube type can also be used for synchronizing and deflection circuits, the number of tube types can be materially reduced, and greater standardization with further economical advantages may be obtained. An interesting application of the new circuit is a novel bidirectional amplifier.
Evolution of corundum-structured III-oxide semiconductors: Growth, properties, and devices (2016)

Abstract The recent progress and development of corundum-structured III-oxide semiconductors are reviewed. They allow bandgap engineering from 3.7 to ∼9 eV and function engineering, leading to highly durable electronic devices and deep ultraviolet optical devices as well as multifunctional devices. Mist chemical vapor deposition can be a simple and safe growth technology and is advantageous for reducing energy and cost for the growth. This is favorable for the wide commercial use of devices at low cost. The III-oxide semiconductors are promising candidates for new devices contributing to sustainable social, economic, and technological development for the future.
Hemodynamic flow improves rat hepatocyte morphology, function, and metabolic activity in vitro (2013)

In vitro primary hepatocyte systems typically elicit drug induction and toxicity responses at concentrations much higher than corresponding in vivo or clinical plasma C(max) levels, contributing to poor in vitro-in vivo correlations. This may be partly due to the absence of physiological parameters that maintain metabolic phenotype in vivo. We hypothesized that restoring hemodynamics and media transport would improve hepatocyte architecture and metabolic function in vitro compared with nonflow cultures. Rat hepatocytes were cultured for 2 wk either in nonflow collagen gel sandwiches with 48-h media changes or under controlled hemodynamics mimicking sinusoidal circulation within a perfused Transwell device. Phenotypic, functional, and metabolic parameters were assessed at multiple times. Hepatocytes in the devices exhibited polarized morphology, retention of differentiation markers [E-cadherin and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α)], the canalicular transporter [multidrug-resistant protein-2 (Mrp-2)], and significantly higher levels of liver function compared with nonflow cultures over 2 wk (albumin ~4-fold and urea ~5-fold). Gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was significantly higher (fold increase over nonflow: CYP1A1: 53.5 ± 10.3; CYP1A2: 64.0 ± 15.1; CYP2B1: 15.2 ± 2.9; CYP2B2: 2.7 ± 0.8; CYP3A2: 4.0 ± 1.4) and translated to significantly higher basal enzyme activity (device vs. nonflow: CYP1A: 6.26 ± 2.41 vs. 0.42 ± 0.015; CYP1B: 3.47 ± 1.66 vs. 0.4 ± 0.09; CYP3A: 11.65 ± 4.70 vs. 2.43 ± 0.56) while retaining inducibility by 3-methylcholanthrene and dexamethasone (fold increase over DMSO: CYP1A = 27.33 and CYP3A = 4.94). These responses were observed at concentrations closer to plasma levels documented in vivo in rats. The retention of in vivo-like hepatocyte phenotype and metabolic function coupled with drug response at more physiological concentrations emphasizes the importance of restoring in vivo physiological transport parameters in vitro.
An O<sub>2</sub> Self‐Supplementing and Reactive‐Oxygen‐Species‐Circulating Amplified Nanoplatform via H<sub>2</sub>O/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Splitting for Tumor Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2017)

Abstract Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) has limited applications in clinical cancer therapy due to the insufficient O 2 supply, inefficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and low penetration depth of light. In this work, a multifunctional nanoplatform, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)@TiO 2 @MnO 2 core/shell/sheet nanocomposites (UTMs), is designed and constructed to overcome these drawbacks by generating O 2 in situ, amplifying the content of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) via water‐splitting, and utilizing 980 nm near‐infrared (NIR) light to increase penetration depth. Once UTMs are accumulated at tumor site, intracellular H 2 O 2 is catalyzed by MnO 2 nanosheets to generate O 2 for improving oxygen‐dependent PDT. Simultaneously, with the decomposition of MnO 2 nanosheets and 980 nm NIR irradiation, UCNPs can efficiently convert NIR to ultraviolet light to activate TiO 2 and generate toxic ROS for deep tumor therapy. In addition, UCNPs and decomposed Mn 2+ can be used for further upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging in tumor site. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that this nanoplatform can significantly improve PDT efficiency with tumor imaging capability, which will find great potential in the fight against tumor.
From Walden Two to Twin Oaks (1973)

(1973). From Walden Two to Twin Oaks. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 21-23.
Load Testing and Load Distribution Response of Missouri Bridges Retrofitted with Various FRP Systems Using a Non-Contact Optical Measurement System (2006)

Strengthening structures with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite systems has been growing in popularity over recent years for the many benefits that the technology offers. A project entitled Preservation of Missouri Infrastructure: Validation of FRP Composite Technology through Field Testing was undertaken in Missouri which was designed to push forward composite strengthening schemes for use on real structures. Using five deficient bridge structures demanded that the strengthened structures be monitored for performance to verify that the composites were working and that they were not degrading over time. Monitoring the structures meant scheduling load tests for all five bridges. Difficulties in using traditional monitoring equipment due to site constraints, like Linear Variable Displacement Transducer (LVDT) systems, on these structures required the search for a better monitoring system. This paper presents high-precision Surveying Equipment as a new serviceability monitoring system for load testing; the materials, procedures, and data analysis techniques are discussed. This paper also presents the results of the load testing and the load distribution. All five strengthened bridges are compared in terms of serviceability before and after strengthening results to show that the FRP strengthening systems are performing acceptably. FEM modeling is performed to compare analytical predictions to measured values.
Biosimilars in ophthalmology: &ldquo;Is there a big change on the horizon?&rdquo; (2018)

Retinal disease management has witnessed remarkable advances in posterior segment pharmacotherapy with the development of anti-VEGF molecules such as Lucentis<sup>®</sup> (ranibizumab), Eylea<sup>®</sup> (aflibercept), and off-label bevacizumab (Avastin). The US patents for ranibizumab and aflibercept will expire in 2020 (though Regeneron has indicated that it might attempt to extend its US patent to June 2023 with additional patent claims), and their European patents will expire in 2022 and 2025. Aflibercept comes off patent in 2022 in People's Republic of China and Japan. As soon as each patent expires, biosimilar molecules could potentially come in the mainstream clinical practice as a more cost-efficient choice in the form of generic biosimilars. It is difficult to predict how significant this shift would be in terms of more cost-effective clinical management and how it will impact the care in developed and developing world. It is important for clinicians to have a clear understanding about ophthalmic biosimilars before the industry brings these molecules to the mainstream clinical use globally.
Design space exploration using the genetic algorithm (1996)

A typical VLSI layout problem involves the simultaneous optimization of a number of competing criteria. Rather than generating a single compromise solution, some recent approaches explicitly explores the design space and outputs a set of alternative solutions, thereby providing explicit information on the possible tradeoffs. This paper discuss the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for design space exploration and propose a solution set quality measure needed to evaluate the performance of set-generating algorithms. A GA for building-block placement is evaluated using the proposed measure and promising results are obtained.