gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Root System Development of Cassava and Sweetpotato during Early Growth Stage as Affected by High Root Zone Temperature (1999)

Root zone temperature (RZT) is an important factor that affects the establishment of crops in the field. This study was conducted to determine the effect of high RZT on the root system development of cassava and sweetpotato and to assess the response of each root system component of cassava and sweetpotato to high RZTs. Cassava and sweetpotato are widely grown crops in soils that are prone to reach a high temperature especially during the dry season. The plant root system was the primary object of investigation in this study. Cassava and sweetpotato cuttings were grown in pots for 20 days in a growth chamber where two different soil temperature regimes were maintained : 40°C (high RZT) and 25°C (normal). High RZT significantly decreased the total length of the adventitious roots (ARs) and the number and total length of the first order lateral roots (LRs) in both cassava and sweetpotato. Reduction in these root growth parameters was greater in the latter than in the former. High RZT caused a marked increase in the number of the second order LRs in sweetpotato and tended to enhance the formation of the third order LRs. Under high RZT, in cassava, a higher proportion of the total number of ARs and the first order LRs, and thus, a greater fraction of the total root length came from the lower nodes of the cuttings that were buried deep in the soil at planting. In sweetpotato, a greater proportion of the total number and total length of the ARs and the first order LRs was observed in the nodes of the cuttings that were buried closer to the soil surface than those buried deeper. An opposite trend was evident in both cassava and sweetpotato grown under a normal RZT. In the screenhouse experiment where plants were grown for 12 days, root growth of cassava was significantly reduced by the high RZT that prevailed when the soil was not covered with mulch materials. The root development in the mulched soil was similar to that under normal RZT in the growth chamber.
Enzymatic Basis of Ribosomal Peptide Prenylation in Cyanobacteria (2011)

The enzymatic basis of ribosomal peptide natural product prenylation has not been reported. Here, we characterize a prenyltransferase, LynF, from the TruF enzyme family. LynF is the first characterized representative of the TruF protein family, which is responsible for both reverse- and forward-O-prenylation of tyrosine, serine, and threonine in cyclic peptides known as cyanobactins. We show that LynF reverse O-prenylates tyrosine in macrocyclic peptides. Based upon these results, we propose that the TruF family prenylates mature cyclic peptides, from which the leader sequence and other enzyme recognition elements have been excised. This differs from the common model of ribosomal peptide biosynthesis, in which a leader sequence is required to direct post-translational modifications. In addition, we find that reverse O-prenylated tyrosine derivatives undergo a facile Claisen rearrangement at 'physiological' temperature in aqueous buffers, leading to forward C-prenylated products. Although the Claisen rearrangement route to natural products has been chemically anticipated for at least 40 years, it has not been demonstrated as a route to prenylated natural products. Here, we show that the Claisen rearrangement drives phenolic C-prenylation in at least one case, suggesting that this route should be reconsidered as a mechanism for the biosynthesis of prenylated phenolic compounds.
Selenium, selenoproteins and human health: a review (2001)

Selenium is of fundamental importance to human health. It is an essential component of several major metabolic pathways, including thyroid hormone metabolism, antioxidant defence systems, and immune function. The decline in blood selenium concentration in the UK and other European Union countries has therefore several potential public health implications, particularly in relation to the chronic disease prevalence of the Western world such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Ten years have elapsed since recommended dietary intakes of selenium were introduced on the basis of blood glutathione peroxidase activity. Since then 30 new selenoproteins have been identified, of which 15 have been purified to allow characterisation of their biological function. The long term health implications in relation to declining selenium intakes have not yet been thoroughly examined, yet the implicit importance of selenium to human health is recognised universally. Selenium is incorporated as selenocysteine at the active site of a wide range of selenoproteins. The four glutathione peroxidase enzymes (classical GPx1, gastrointestinal GPx2, plasma GPx3, phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx4)) which represent a major class of functionally important selenoproteins, were the first to be characterised. Thioredoxin reductase (TR) is a recently identified seleno-cysteine containing enzyme which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of thioredoxin and therefore plays a regulatory role in its metabolic activity. Approximately 60% of Se in plasma is incorporated in selenoprotein P which contains 10 Se atoms per molecule as selenocysteine, and may serve as a transport protein for Se. However, selenoprotein-P is also expressed in many tissues which suggests that although it may facilitate whole body Se distribution, this may not be its sole function. A second major class of selenoproteins are the iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes which catalyse the 5'5-mono-deiodination of the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the active thyroid hormone 3,3'5-triiodothyronine (T3). Sperm capsule selenoprotein is localised in the mid-peice portion of spermatozoa where it stabilises the integrity of the sperm flagella. Se intake effects tissue concentrations of selenoprotein W which is reported to be necessary for muscle metabolism. It is of great concern that the health implications of the decline in Se status in the UK over the past two decades have not been systematically investigated. It is well recognised that dietary selenium is important for a healthy immune response. There is also evidence that Se has a protective effect against some forms of cancer; that it may enhance male fertility; decrease cardiovascular disease mortality, and regulate the inflammatory mediators in asthma. The potential influence of Se on these chronic diseases within the European population are important considerations when assessing Se requirement.
Adaptive prediction for speech encoding (1984)

An overview of adaptive prediction in differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) systems used for speech encoding at 16 to 32 kilobits/sec.(kbps) is presented. Features of the paper include a discussion of both infinite impulse response and finite impulse response predictors and a development of the various predictor implementation structures, such as the direct or transversal form, the lattice form, and the cascade of second order sections form. Differences between forward and backward adaptation are described, and comparative performances results of several backward adaptive algorithms and predictor structures are discussed.
Novel method for centre wavelength tuning of silica waveguide type Mach-Zehnder multi/demultiplexers (1990)

A novel method for tuning the centre wavelength of silica waveguide type Mach-Zehnder multi/demultiplexers (MUX/DEMUXs) has been devised. This tuning is achieved by irradiating a CO2 laser beam onto either arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In a MUX/DEMUX for channel spacing of 20nm, the centre wavelength is tuned about 3nm and the results closely agree with the calculation.
Relationship between guaranteed rate server and latency rate server (2003)

To analyze scheduling algorithms in high-speed packet switching networks, two models have been proposed and widely used in the literature, namely the guaranteed rate (GR) server model and the latency rate (LR) server mode. While a lot scheduling algorithms have been proved to belong to GR or LR or both, it is not clear what is the relationship between them. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this relationship. We prove that if a scheduling algorithm that belongs to GR, it also belongs to LR and vice versa. In addition, we review several other models that are also used for analysis of scheduling algorithms and discuss their relationship with LR model and GR model.
A 1Mb EPROM (1984)

A 1Mb fully static EPROM utilizing a 1.2μm design rule technology will be discussed. The chip features typical access time of 200ns, a programming voltage of approximately 13V, and can be used either as 64K × 16 or 128K × 8 organization.
Novel phytoalexins (oryzalexins A, B and C) isolated from rice blast leaves infected with Pyricularia oryzae. Part II: Structural studies of oryzalexins. (1985)

Oryzalexins A, B and C, isolated from rice leaves infected with P. oryzae as a group of novel phytoalexins, were confirmed to be (+)-sandaracopimaradiene derivatives by chemical and spectroscopic studies, i.e. A: 3-oxy-7-oxo- (I); B: 3-oxo-7-oxy- (II) and C: 3, 7-dioxo-(+)-sandaracopimaradiene (III).
Low temperature melting of copper nanorod arrays (2006)

We report the melting of nanorod arrays of copper at temperatures much lower than its bulk melting point (1083°C). The Cu nanorods were produced by an oblique angle sputter deposition technique through a physical self-assembly mechanism due to the shadowing effect. The as-deposited nanorods were ∼2300nm in length, ∼100nm in diameter, and separated from each other with gaps varying between ∼10 and ∼30nm. The melting process was investigated through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction measurements. Start of premelting (or surface melting) has been observed to occur at annealing temperature ∼400°C under vacuum (10−6Torr). As the temperature was raised the arrays of Cu nanorods started to coalesce and formed a dense continuous film with a (111) texture at ∼550°C. The results of this work may be useful for low temperature soldering applications.
[Small intestinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review]. (2005)

We report a case of small intestinal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a 57-year-old female. The patient had undergone partial nephrectomy for a right RCC (pT1aN0M0) in June 1997. She later developed multiple metastases, in the lungs, brain, and bone, and was admitted with nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss in April 2003. She presented with melaena a few weeks after her admission and a computed tomographic scan revealed a small bowel mass that was not definitively diagnosed. We removed the mass surgically, and the histological features confirmed the diagnosis as metastatic RCC. The patient recovered and could consume, but died of brain metastases 102 days after the surgery. Metastasis of RCC in the small bowel is a rare entity clinically. To our knowledge, this is only the 20th case of small intestinal metastasis from RCC reported in the Japanese and English literature.
Energy transfer between thulium and holmium in laser hosts (1993)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1993.
Mass privatization in Ukraine (1994)

Ukraine has so far been unable to activate ita mass privatization program. However, in early March 1994, a multidonor mission to Ukraine signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on mass privatization with the government. If this MOU and the 1994 State Privatization Program approved by Parliament in early 1994 are both implemented, the Ukraine mass privatization program could become one of the largest in the world. The author reviews the developments since Ukraine's independence, including the main provisions of the 1994 State Privatization Program and the MOU.
Measurement of the energy penetration depth into solid targets irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses (2000)

The energy penetration depth of a short (100 fs) Ti-sapphire laser pulse (0.8 &mgr;m) of intensity 3x10(16) W/cm(2), in solid density materials has been measured. High-Z (BaF2) and low-Z (MgF2) solid layers targets were used. The penetration depth was determined from the measurement of the x-ray emission spectra, as a function of the target thickness. The investigation of these spectra showed that in the low-Z case, solid density material to a depth of 50 nm was heated to a peak electron temperature of approximately 150 eV. For the high-Z material, the penetration depth corresponding to this temperature exceeded 100 nm. This is evidence of a larger heat penetration depth in a high-Z material in comparison to a low-Z material. A model based on electron heat conduction is used to estimate the energy penetration depth. It is suggested that the larger heat penetration in high-Z material is due to heating of the material, caused by the radiation flux, generated by the electron heat conduction.
A spread spectrum communication system without a reference signal for a frequency‐selective fading channel (1995)

Abstract In a spread spectrum communication system (SS), RAKE reception is effective as a measure against frequency‐selective fading. Channel impulse response should be known for RAKE reception. In a conventional system where a reference signal is added to a transmission signal to obtain an impulse response, a decrease in transmission efficiency occurs under fast fading. This paper proposes a scheme that does not use the reference signal by allocating different codes to information signals. In addition, a channel‐estimation scheme that alleviates effects of undesired autocorrelation values or cross‐correlation values of spreading codes is proposed. This scheme subtracts cross‐correlation values or excess autocorrelation values from a matched filter (MF) in measuring a channel impulse response and eliminates responses lower than a given threshold. Computer simulations under two‐path fading were performed. the error characteristics were improved with the proposed channel‐estimation scheme. It is shown that the proposed scheme is better than the scheme using a reference signal.
A Fast and Robust Approach to Lane Marking Detection and Lane Tracking (2008)

We present a lane detection algorithm that robustly detects and tracks various lane markings in real-time. The first part is a feature detection algorithm that transforms several input images into a top view perspective and analyzes local histograms. For this part we make use of state-of-the-art graphics hardware. The second part fits a very simple and flexible lane model to these lane marking features. The algorithm was thoroughly tested on an autonomous vehicle that was one of the finalists in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. In combination with other sensors, i.e. a lidar, radar and vision based obstacle detection and surface classification, the autonomous vehicle is able to drive in an urban scenario at up to 15 mp/h.
The Effect of Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents on Health-Related Quality of Life in Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease (2016)

KRESCENT and Manitoba Health Research Council Establishment.
Phase Mode Analysis of Radio Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (2016)

We present a full analysis of radio beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) generated by a circular array. The vector potential of the array is decomposed into a series of phase modes, which are orthogonal to each other. These phase modes are used to analyze the OAM modes of the generated beam, which reveals the fundamental physics behind the phenomenon of why pure OAM modes can only be realized in the main lobe of the antenna array and why the design condition is set to be |l| <; N/2. Furthermore, to verify the phase mode analysis, an optimized circular array is simulated and analysed.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Magnetite:  Implications for the Primordial Synthesis of Organic Molecules (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTReduction of Carbon Dioxide by Magnetite: Implications for the Primordial Synthesis of Organic MoleculesQ. W. Chen and Detlef W. BahnemannView Author Information Structure Research Laboratory University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026, Peoples Republic of China Kahlen Berg 9, D-30826 Garbsen, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 5, 970–971Publication Date (Web):January 20, 2000Publication History Received21 April 1999Revised9 December 1999Published online20 January 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja991278yCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views928Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (26 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Organic acids,Organic compounds,Oxides,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Robotics Industry Forum – 2006 (2007)

Purpose To review the Robotics Industry Forum, held in November 2006 in Orlando, Florida. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews some highlights of the forum. Findings The format of the event provides for various presentations on a range of topics from robotics in the automotive industry to advances in the development of robot technology, analysis of economic trends and their influences on the robot industry to the opportunities and challenges of new markets such as China. Originality/value Provides information of value to all those involved with robotics in manufacturing.
Juvenile Atlantic and Shortnose Sturgeons (Family: Acipenseridae) Have Different Hematological Responses to Acute Environmental Hypoxia (2005)

Experiments were conducted to determine the behavioral and physiological responses to acute hypoxic challenges in Atlantic (Acipenser oxyrinchus) and shortnose (Acipenser brevirostrum) sturgeons. We measured the ventilatory rate following a 45-mmHg hypoxic challenge, as well as a variety of hematological parameters, including O2 transport and hormonal, ionic, and metabolic variables, following a 1-h exposure to either 75- or 30-mmHg hypoxic challenges. Compared to fish in normoxic conditions (Pwo2 150 mmHg), juveniles of both species increased their ventilatory rate by approximately 40% when exposed to a 1-h challenge at 45 mmHg Pwo2. Hematological variables (e.g., hematocrit, hemoglobin, and Na+ and Cl- levels) did not change substantially following a 1-h challenge at 75 mmHg Pwo2. Conversely, a severe hypoxic challenge of 30 mmHg caused changes in several hematological variables (e.g., whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol and lactate levels). Most of these hematological parameters returned to prehypoxic levels within 2 h. Severe environmental hypoxia elicited the same basic pattern of response in both species; however, maximal plasma lactate levels were higher in Atlantic sturgeons, and maximal cortisol levels were higher in shortnose sturgeons. Whether these species differences are related to dissimilar hypoxia-tolerance, ecological, and/or endocrinological characteristics between these two species is not entirely clear.
Fully Digitalized Color Picture in Picture Television System (1979)

One can keep an eye on a television program while watching another program on a screen. This Picture in Picture (P in P) TV system can be provided by putting a small, inset-monitor picture (subpicture) along with the standard picture (main picture).
p66ShcA and Oxidative Stress Modulate Myogenic Differentiation and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration after Hind Limb Ischemia (2007)

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in ischemic injury, and p66(ShcA)ko mice exhibit both lower oxidative stress and decreased tissue damage following hind limb ischemia. Thus, it was investigated whether tissue regeneration following acute hind limb ischemia was altered in p66(ShcA)ko mice. Upon femoral artery dissection, muscle regeneration started earlier and was completed faster than in wild-type (WT) control. Moreover, faster regeneration was associated with decreased oxidative stress. Unlike ischemia, cardiotoxin injury induced similar skeletal muscle damage in both genotypes. However, p66(ShcA)ko mice regenerated faster, in agreement with the regenerative advantage upon ischemia. Since no difference between p66(ShcA)wt and knock-out (ko) mice was found in blood perfusion recovery after ischemia, satellite cells (SCs), a resident population of myogenic progenitors, were examined. Similar SCs numbers were present in WT and ko mice. However, in vitro cultured p66(ShcA)ko SCs displayed lower oxidative stress levels and higher proliferation rate and differentiated faster than WT. Furthermore, when exposed to sublethal H(2)O(2) doses, p66(ShcA)ko SCs were resistant to H(2)O(2)-induced inhibition of differentiation. Finally, myogenic conversion induced by MyoD overexpression was more efficient in p66(ShcA)ko fibroblasts compared with WT. The present work demonstrates that oxidative stress and p66(ShcA) play a crucial role in the regenerative pathways activated by acute ischemia.
Feasibility study on through-wafer interconnecting method for hybrid wafer-scale-integration (2002)

A novel soldering technique for connecting input/output (I/O) pins on the back side of the wafer is described. After the preforms between the through-holes etched into the silicon wafer and the I/O pins are melted in vacuum (about 1 torr), the vacuum is released to make the solder flow into the through-hole area, soldering the I/O pins to the metallization layer on the active devices. This process provides reliable and highly conductive metal interconnection through the wafer because a virtually voidless solder layer is formed without the use of flux. The percentage of void-free through-holes is 95%, and the resistance of each through-hole is 10-15 m/spl Omega/. It is demonstrated that this method provides ideal interconnections for hybrid wafer-scale integration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasma anti-pneumococcal antibody activity of the IgG class and subclasses in otitis prone children. (1984)

Plasma anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody activity (serotypes 3, 6a and 23) was determined in samples from 15 otitis prone children, at 30 months of age, and compared with age matched control children and adults. A recently developed enzyme immunoassay, using IgG subclass specific monoclonal antibodies for analysis of pneumococcal antibody activity of different IgG subclasses was employed. Adult sera always contained the highest antibody concentrations, almost exclusively of the IgG2 subclass. Children, on the other hand, had higher amounts of IgG1, significantly exceeding those of the adults, healthy children having higher IgG1, as well as IgG2 values than otitis prone children. The most significant differences were seen with type 6a, less so with type 23 antibodies. No differences in IgG1 anti-type 3 pneumococcal activity were observed between the children and the adults. These findings support the concept that pneumococcal antibody activity is confined to IgG2 and, in addition, it was found that sera from children contain antibodies of both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses.