gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MOS implementation of winner-take-all network with application to content-addressable memory (1991)

Implementation of a winner-take-all (WTA) network suitable for implementing a nearest-match content-addressable memory (CAM) is presented. The resolution of the network in differentiating between words with large bit mismatches is presented. A measure of the time performance of the network is also given. A fully functional 16 word by 12 bit chip has been fabricated through MOSIS using 2 μm double-metal CMOS technology.
The alignment of the axis of asymmetry in regenerating protoplasts of the moss, <i>Ceratodon purpureus</i>, is determined independently of axis polarity (1996)

Ceratodon protoplasts regenerate by polar outgrowth to form cell filaments. The kinetics of regeneration show that some cellular event has to be completed before regeneration can be initiated. The development of the regeneration axis is strongly influenced by light, with axis alignment and axis polarity being fixed independently. We define axis alignment as the relationship of the regeneration axis to the incident light, independent of polarity. Thus protoplasts regenerating directly towards, or directly away from the light source are defined as being similarly aligned but with opposite polarity. Protoplasts that regenerate in unidirectional red light form axes that are aligned parallel to the light direction, with about 70% being polarised towards the light and about 30% away. In unidirectional blue or white light, almost all protoplasts regenerate towards the light but axis alignment is determined less stringently. Re-orientation of protoplasts regenerating in unidirectional light shows that axis alignment is fixed between 8 and 9 hours before protoplasts regenerate and that axis polarity is fixed later. When protoplasts are removed from directional light to either non-directional light or to darkness, regeneration axes continue to be aligned by the earlier directional stimulus for at least 24 hours. Thus although axis alignment is fixed only about 8 hours before regeneration, in the absence of contradictory information about directionality in the light environment, protoplasts retain a memory of light direction for much longer. However, both reorientation and removal from a directional light field have profound effects on axis polarity; the pattern observed in undisturbed protoplasts being lost. To account for these observations, we propose that separate gradients are established independently to determine the alignment and polarity of the regeneration axis respectively. The alignment gradient is established rapidly and is steeper in red than in blue or white light, the polarity gradient is established slowly and is steeper in white or blue light than in red. These studies will now allow a genetic dissection of these processes in moss.
The crucial role of neutrophil granulocytes in bone fracture healing (2016)

Delayed bone fracture healing and the formation of non-unions represent an important clinical problem, particularly in polytrauma patients who suffer from posttraumatic systemic inflammation. However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain unclear. Neutrophil granulocytes are crucial effector cells in the systemic immune response and represent the most abundant immune cell population in the early fracture haematoma. Here we investigated the role of neutrophils in a mouse model of uncomplicated fracture healing and compromised fracture healing induced by an additional thoracic trauma. Twenty four hours before injury, 50 % of the mice were systemically treated with an anti-Ly-6G-antibody to reduce neutrophil numbers. In the isolated fracture model, Ly-6G-Ab treatment significantly increased the concentration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, and chemokines, for example, C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), in the fracture haematoma. Monocyte/macrophage recruitment was also significantly enhanced. After 21 d, bone regeneration was considerably impaired as demonstrated by significantly diminished bone content and impaired mechanical properties of the fracture callus. These results indicate that undisturbed neutrophil recruitment and function in the inflammatory phase after fracture is crucial to initiate downstream responses leading to bone regeneration. In the combined trauma model, the reduction of neutrophil numbers ameliorated pulmonary inflammation but did not provoke any significant effect on bone regeneration, suggesting that neutrophils may not play a crucial pathomechanistic role in compromised fracture healing induced by an additional thoracic trauma.
HUBUNGAN KETERLIBATAN AYAH DENGAN HARGA DIRI REMAJA WANITA (2018)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan keterlibatan ayah dengan harga diri remaja wanita. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 270 remaja wanita di Pekanbaru dan teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan sampling kuota. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala keterlibatan ayah (32 aitem) dan skala harga diri (23 aitem). Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,456 dengan signifikansi (p) sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05). Dengan demikian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima sebagai kesimpulan penelitian, yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan arah hubungan positif antara keterlibatan ayah dengan harga diri remaja wanita. Keterlibatan ayah memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 20,8% pada harga diri remaja wanita.
Mercury-selenium compounds and their toxicological significance: Toward a molecular understanding of the mercury-selenium antagonism (2009)

The interaction between mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) is one of the best known examples of biological antagonism, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This review focuses on the possible pathways leading to the Hg-Se antagonism, with an emphasis on the potential Hg-Se compounds that are responsible for the antagonism at the molecular level (i.e., bis[methylmercuric]selenide, methylmercury selenocysteinate, selenoprotein P-bound HgSe clusters, and the biominerals HgSe(x)S(1-x)). The presence of these compounds in biological systems has been suggested by direct or indirect evidence, and their chemical properties support their potentially key roles in alleviating the toxicity of Hg and Se (at high Hg and Se exposures, respectively) and deficiency of Se (at low Se exposures). Direct analytical evidences are needed, however, to confirm their in vivo presence and metabolic pathways, as well as to identify the roles of other potential Hg-Se compounds. Further studies are also warranted for the determination of thermodynamic properties of these compounds under physiological conditions toward a better understanding of the Hg-Se antagonism in biota, particularly under real world exposure scenarios.
Tetrathiomolybdate Causes Formation of Hepatic Copper−Molybdenum Clusters in an Animal Model of Wilson's Disease (2003)

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive human illness in which large quantities of copper accumulate in various organs, including the brain and the liver. If left untreated, it results in hepatitis, neurological complications, and death. Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats have a homologous mutation to Wilson's disease and thus provide an animal model. Liver lysosomes from tetrathiomolybdate-treated LEC rats were isolated and analyzed by Cu and Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The lysosomes contained a Cu-Mo-S cluster in which the Mo is coordinated by four sulfurs at 2.24 A with approximately three copper neighbors at 2.70 A. Each Cu is coordinated to 3-4 sulfurs at 2.28 A with approximately one Mo neighbor at 2.70 A. These results indicate the formation of a biologically novel molybdenum-copper-sulfur cluster.
Skeletal muscle-specific T-tubule protein STAC3 mediates voltage-induced Ca <sup>2+</sup> release and contractility (2013)

Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling comprises events in muscle that convert electrical signals to Ca(2+) transients, which then trigger contraction of the sarcomere. Defects in these processes cause a spectrum of muscle diseases. We report that STAC3, a skeletal muscle-specific protein that localizes to T tubules, is essential for coupling membrane depolarization to Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Consequently, homozygous deletion of src homology 3 and cysteine rich domain 3 (Stac3) in mice results in complete paralysis and perinatal lethality with a range of musculoskeletal defects that reflect a blockade of EC coupling. Muscle contractility and Ca(2+) release from the SR of cultured myotubes from Stac3 mutant mice could be restored by application of 4-chloro-m-cresol, a ryanodine receptor agonist, indicating that the sarcomeres, SR Ca(2+) store, and ryanodine receptors are functional in Stac3 mutant skeletal muscle. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized, but required, component of the EC coupling machinery of skeletal muscle and introduce a candidate for consideration in myopathic disorders.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of cells and its prevention by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. (1986)

H2O2, in concentrations achieved in the proximity of stimulated leukocytes, induces injury and lysis of target cells. This may be an important aspect of inflammatory injury of tissues. Cell lysis in two target cells, the murine macrophage-like tumor cell line P388D1 and human peripheral lymphocytes, was found to be associated with activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (EC 2.4.2.30), a nuclear enzyme. This enzyme is activated under various conditions of DNA damage. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as substrate and has been previously shown to consume NAD during exposure of cells to oxidants that was associated with inhibition of glycolysis, a decrease in cellular ATP, and cell death. In the current studies, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by 3-aminobenzamide, nicotinamide, or theophylline in cells exposed to lethal concentrations of H2O2 prevented the sequence of events that eventually led to cell lysis--i.e., the decrease in NAD, followed by depletion of ATP, influx of extracellular Ca2+, actin polymerization and, finally, cell death. DNA damage, the initial stimulus for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation, occurred despite the inhibition of this enzyme. Cells exposed to oxidant in the presence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide failed to demonstrate repair of DNA strand breaks.
Heinz Bodies, Methemoglobinemia, and Hemolytic Anemia Induced in Rats by 3-Amino-1-[<i>m</i>-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (1984)

Heinz Bodies, Methemoglobinemia, and Hemolytic Anemia Induced in Rats by 3-Amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline. FORT, F. L., PRATT, M. C., CARTER, G. W., LEWKOWSKI, J. P., HEYMAN, I. A., CUSICK, P. K., AND KESTERSON, J. W. (1984). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 4, 216–220. Sprague-Dawley CD strain rats were given 18, 35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day of 3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline by gavage for 2 weeks. Heinz bodies were seen in the erythrocytes of rats given 140 mg/kg/day. Dose-related increases in methemoglobin were found at 35 mg/kg/day or more. Hemolytic anemia was characterized by dose-related decreases in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and total erythrocyte count. Reticulocytosis, decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, increased serum total bilirubin, and icterus were also observed. This compound was found to oxidize oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin in vitro, suggesting that the parent compound is capable of causing the hematological changes observed in vivo without conversion to active metabolites.
Production of staphylococcal enterotoxins C1 and C2 and thermonuclease throughout the growth cycle (1990)

Synthesis of enterotoxins C1 and C2 and thermonuclease throughout the growth cycle was investigated with Staphylococcus aureus type strains FRI137 and FRI361 and S. aureus isolates M5 (C1) and L2 (C2) of animal origin. Both enterotoxins were produced during the exponential growth phase or at the beginning of the stationary phase. The minimal incubation time (7 to 12 h) and the lowest population (10(7) to 2 x 10(9) CFU/ml) associated with detectable enterotoxin (1 to 6.5 ng/ml) were related to the total amount of toxin produced after 24 h. Thermonuclease was detected in all samples whenever enterotoxins were detected. Furthermore, strain FRI137 produced thermonuclease earlier and at lower cell populations than it did enterotoxin C1. Patterns of enterotoxin and thermonuclease synthesis did not correlate. The concentration of toxins increased throughout the growth cycle, while the concentration of thermonuclease remained constant during the last hours of the growth cycle.
Windows Filtering Platform, engine for local security (2010)

The goal of this paper is to analyze the functionality and usability of the Windows Filtering Platform introduced by Microsoft Corporation as set of API functions that are controlling the network stack of the Windows operating systems. The applications build on it are intended to be used as the windows firewall replacement, with additional functionality in terms of the logic of packet filtering. Some examples demonstrating the usage of the platform will be described. In order to check the durability and exploitability of the systems built on this platform we will use the QualysGuard infrastructure by Qualys, specialized for vulnerability and open ports scanning. The results provided by the tests are analyzed and some conclusions are given.
Quantitative Trait Locus for Reading Disability on Chromosome 6 (1994)

Interval mapping of data from two independent samples of sib pairs, at least one member of whom was reading disabled, revealed evidence for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 6. Results obtained from analyses of reading performance from 114 sib pairs genotyped for DNA markers localized the QTL to 6p21.3. Analyses of corresponding data from an independent sample of 50 dizygotic twin pairs provided evidence for linkage to the same region. In combination, the replicate samples yielded a chi 2 value of 16.73 (P = 0.0002). Examination of twin and kindred siblings with more extreme deficits in reading performance yielded even stronger evidence for a QTL (chi 2 = 27.35, P < 0.00001). The position of the QTL was narrowly defined with a 100:1 confidence interval to a 2-centimorgan region within the human leukocyte antigen complex.
Radiographic evidence of bone regeneration using oxidized cellulose mesh as a bioabsorbable membrane: some case studies. (1996)

Guided tissue regeneration has been described as a technique to enhance the regrowth of the periodontal tissues after surgical therapy. Originally, nondegradable materials were used for this purpose, but more recently, degradable materials have been advocated for this purpose. Utilizing an adapted technique in which the material was used as an infill material and barrier membrane, this small study in human subjects has demonstrated radiographically that the defects are filled with a bone-like material over a protracted period. Regeneration of tissues, with bone deposition in infrabony defects, may not be complete as long as 12 months after surgery.
Influence of Bovine Growth Hormone and L-Thyroxine on Growth, Muscle Composition, and Histological Structure of the Gonads, Thyroid, Pancreas, and Pituitary of Coho Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) (1976)

Groups of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were acclimated to 10 C well water and a photoperiod of 12 h L:12 h D. Excess ration (Oregon Moist Pellet) was presented daily. Doses of bovine growth hormone (5, 10, 20, 30, or 90 μg bGH/g body wt) and L-thyroxine (0.5, 5, or 30 μg T 4 /g) were administered over a period of 84 days (phase I) either by injection (via dorsal musculature or peritoneal cavity) or by hormone cholesterol implants into the muscle. Administration frequency of bGH and T 4 was such (range 2 times/wk-1 time/3 wk) that fish theoretically received either 10 or 30 μg bGH/g per wk or 1 or 10 μg T 4 /g per wk. Control fish received either alkaline saline (pH 9.5) or a cholesterol pellet. After cessation of treatment the fish were observed for an additional 84 days (phase II). During phase I, growth rates (weight) for bGH fish (2.0–2.4% per day) and for T 4 fish (0.97–1.1% per day) were significantly higher than those of control fish (0.42–0.59% per day). Among bGH fish, dorsal musculature injection (2 times/wk) was significantly more effective than intraperitoneal injection (1 time/2 wk).Increases in weight above control for bGH fish at 84 days ranged from 220 to 369%. Those for T 4 fish extended from 47 to 78%. In phase II, control fish growth rates were higher (0.61–0.67% per day) than those for bGH fish (0.47–0.57% per day) and T 4 fish (0.32–0.44% per day). Administration of bGH and T 4 (high dose) caused a progressive decline in condition factor of fish from the control range. This trend was stopped and reversed in phase II.At 84 days, generally no significant differences were detected among groups for percentages of muscle water. However, some groups had significantly higher (bGH) and others lower (T 4 ) percentages of muscle protein relative to those of control fish. Also, significant increases (T 4 ) and decreases (bGH) in muscle lipid percentages were found. Hormone treatment altered the histological structure of the ovary, thyroid, exocrine (T 4 ) and endocrine (bGH) pancreas, and somatotrop cells (T 4 ) of the pituitary. A poor growth response was noted for two groups of coho administered bGH after acclimation to sea water.
Reviews on the U.S. Patents Regarding Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries (2016)

U.S. patents filed on the topic of nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries have been reviewed, starting from active materials, to electrode fabrication, cell assembly, multi-cell construction, system integration, application, and finally recovering and recycling. In each category, a general description about the principle and direction of development is given. Both the metal hydride (MH) alloy and nickel hydroxide as active materials in negative and positive electrodes, respectively, are reviewed extensively. Both thermal and battery management systems (BMSs) are also discussed.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, results in women older than 39, according to age and the number of embryos replaced in selective or non- selective transfers (1998)

The aim of this study was to assess the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in a large cohort of women older than 39 according to age and to embryo transfer policy. In all, 736 ICSI cycles were analysed retrospectively. In 576 (78.3%) cycles an embryo transfer was carried out. The embryo transfer was defined as non-selective when all the available embryos were transferred, and as selective when fewer than the available number of embryos were replaced. A statistically significant gradual decrease in the number of embryos available for transfer, the number of good or excellent quality embryos available for transfer, the pregnancy rates, the clinical pregnancy rates, the implantation rates and the viable pregnancy rates was found with advancing age. No viable pregnancies ensued in women from 45 years old onwards. There was a statistically significant gradual increase in the pregnancy rates, the clinical pregnancy rates, the implantation rates and the viable pregnancy rates from non-selective to selective transfers. The results were similar in women with five or more embryos available, irrespective of the embryo transfer policy. It seems, therefore, that the ovarian reserve and the chances for a successful pregnancy decrease gradually with advancing age, and it is pointless to treat women from 45 years old onwards. A subgroup of patients with better ovarian response and more embryos available for transfer have higher chances of conception. Conception and implantation rates depend mainly on the quality of the transferred embryos. However, the implantation capacity of the embryos is generally lower irrespective of their good morphology.
Deformable kernel networks for guided depth map upsampling (2019)

We address the problem of upsampling a low-resolution (LR) depth map using a registered high-resolution (HR) color image of the same scene. Previous methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) combine nonlinear activations of spatially-invariant kernels to estimate structural details from LR depth and HR color images, and regress upsampling results directly from the networks. In this paper, we revisit the weighted averaging process that has been widely used to transfer structural details from hand-crafted visual features to LR depth maps. We instead learn explicitly sparse and spatially-variant kernels for this task. To this end, we propose a CNN architecture and its efficient implementation, called the deformable kernel network (DKN), that outputs sparse sets of neighbors and the corresponding weights adaptively for each pixel. We also propose a fast version of DKN (FDKN) that runs about 17 times faster (0.01 seconds for a HR image of size 640 x 480). Experimental results on standard benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. In particular, we show that the weighted averaging process with 3 x 3 kernels (i.e., aggregating 9 samples sparsely chosen) outperforms the state of the art by a significant margin.
Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) Toxins of <i>Vibrios</i> (2015)

Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins are a heterogeneous group of toxins found in a number of Vibrio species and other Gram-negative bacteria. The toxins are composed of conserved repeat regions and an autoprocessing protease domain that together function as a delivery platform for transfer of cytotoxic and cytopathic domains into target eukaryotic cell cytosol. Within the cells, the effectors can alter biological processes such as signaling or cytoskeletal structure, presumably to the benefit of the bacterium. Ten effector domains are found in the various Vibrio MARTX toxins, although any one toxin carries only two to five effector domains. The specific toxin variant expressed by a species can be modified by homologous recombination to acquire or lose effector domains, such that different strains within the same species can express distinct variants of the toxins. This review examines the conserved structural elements of the MARTX toxins and details the different toxin arrangements carried by Vibrio species and strains. The catalytic function of domains and how the toxins are linked to pathogenesis of human and animals is described.