gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of a Multi-Day Haze in the Winter of Shijiazhuang Using a Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SPAMS)]. (2015)

A multi-day haze episode occurred in Shijiazhuang during November 18-26, 2014. The characteristics were studied based on the data collected by the single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) located in the automatic monitoring station (20 meters) of Shijiazhuang. In accordance with the source spectral library of atmospheric pollutant emissions in Shijiazhuang, the main sources were distinguished and analyzed. The mass concentration of particulate matters and meteorological conditions being taken in account, the causes of haze in winter were also studied. It turned out that fine particulate matters in the Shijiazhuang air were mainly from 7 different sources: the tracer ion of coal source was Al; the tracer ions of industry sources were OC, Fe, and Pb; the tracer ion of motor vehicle tail gas source was EC; the tracer ions of dust source were Al, Ca and Si; the tracer ions of biomass burning source were K and levoglucosan; the tracer ions of pure secondary inorganic source were SO4-, NO2-, and NO3-, and the tracer ion of dining source was HOC. Of the above mentioned, OC, HOC, EC, HEC, ECOC, rich potassium particles minerals and heavy metals were 8 dominant polluting groups in hazy days. OC and ECOC particles were the majority, which accounted for more than 50% and 20% of the overall measured particles. OC particles were mainly discharged from coal combustion and industrial processes, and ECOC particles were mainly from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emissions. When haze occurred in Shijiazhuang the proportion of pollutant particles of NH4+, SO4- , NO2- and NO3- increased, of which NH4+ was the most sharply increased. The mixed degree between EC, OC and NH4+, So4-, NO3- in the haze was higher than usual, of which NH4+ was the most sharply increased. In the static and stable weather gaseous (SO2, NO(x), NH3, VOCs) pollutants and particles were difficult to spread and accumulated rapidly, which were discharged from coal combustion, the process of the medical industry and the automobile exhaust. The gaseous pollutants tended to react for the second time and formed the ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate particles. Secondary particles were formed by collision and mixed with each other adequately or mildly, which caused the reduction of atmospheric visibility. This was the main cause for the haze during the winter in Shijiazhuang.
Monitoring a populated environment using single-row laser range scanners from a mobile platform (2007)

In this research, we proposed a system of detecting and monitoring pedestrians' motion trajectories at a populated and wide environment, such as exhibition hall, supermarket etc., using the horizontally profiling single-row laser range scanners on a mobile platform. A simplified walking model is defined to track the rhythmic swing feet at the ground level. Pedestrians are recognized by detecting the braided styles, which is a typical appearance that could discriminate the data of moving feet with other mobile and motionless objects. Two experiments are conducted. One is at the laboratory environment, the purpose of which is to examine the algorithm in details. Another is at an exhibition hall, a populated and wide environment, the purpose is to examine whether the system could be applied for practical needs. It is a big challenge, while the system did well. Pedestrians in the exhibition hall at the moment of measurement are detected. Their motion trajectories are extracted, and associated to the background map, which is made of the motionless objects, and covers the whole exhibition hall.
Codage de la parole à très bas débit par indexation d'unités de taille variable (2003)

Ce papier presente un schema de codage de la parole par indexation utilisant des techniques de reconnaissance et de synthese par corpus. Cette methode a permis d’atteindre des debits inferieurs aux codeurs bases sur des modeles parametriques de la parole. Au cours de cette presentation, les ameliorations necessaires pour une utilisation pratique de ce type d’approche seront abordees.
A generalization of the Minkowski distance and a new definition of the ellipse (2019)

In this paper, we generalize the Minkowski distance by defining a new distance function in n-dimensional space, and we show that this function determines also a metric family as the Minkowski distance. Then, we consider three special cases of this family, which generalize the taxicab, Euclidean and maximum metrics respectively, and finally we determine circles of them with their some properties in the real plane. While we determine some properties of circles of the generalized Minkowski distance, we also discover a new definition for the ellipse.
Highly Potent, Selective, and Low Cost Bis-tetrahydroaminacrine Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase (1996)

We report highly potent, selective, and low cost bifunctional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors developed by our two-step prototype optimization strategy utilizing computer modeling of ligand docking with target proteins: 1) identify low affinity sites normally missed by x-ray crystallography; and 2) design bifunctional analogs capable of simultaneous binding at the computer-determined low affinity site and the x-ray-identified high affinity site. Applying this strategy to 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA), a drug for Alzheimer's disease, we obtained alkylene linked bis-THA analogs. These analogs were up to 10,000-fold more selective and 1,000-fold more potent than THA in inhibiting rat AChE and yet required one simple reaction to synthesize. Additionally, alkylene linked benzyl-THA analogs were developed to examine the specificity of the docking-derived low affinity THA peripheral site in AChE. The present work and our previous computational studies strongly suggest that a low affinity THA peripheral site exists in AChE. This peripheral site provides a structural basis for design of improved cholinesterase ligands for treating Alzheimer's disease and for other health-related purposes.
Work function and spectroscopic studies of interactions between conducting polymers and organic vapors (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleWork function and spectroscopic studies of interactions between conducting polymers and organic vaporsDaniel Blackwood and Mira JosowiczCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 1, 493–502Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100154a086https://doi.org/10.1021/j100154a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Retardation of thermal and urea induced inactivation of alpha- chymotrypsin by modification with carbohydrate polymers (1998)

Modification of enzymes by means of covalent coupling using soluble polymers results in enzymes which retain high biological activity and display resistance to denaturants, high temperature and chaotropic agents. Alpha-chymotrypsin, which has a potential for use in industrial applications, was covalently modified by reductive alkylation using polymeric sucrose (OSP, molecular weight 70 and 400 kDa), dextran (73 and 250 kDa) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, approximately 12 kDa). The derivatives retained around 50-80% activity depending on the polymer used and the extent of modification. At the same time, they displayed better thermotolerance than their native counterpart with 4-14 degrees C higher T50 values. During thermal inactivation, both the native and modified enzymes showed biphasic inactivation kinetics. Half-life of modified enzymes were 2-66-fold greater for the first phase and 5-250-fold greater than the native for the second phase of inactivation. The activation free energy of inactivation of alpha-chymotrypsin coupled to polymeric sucrose (400 kDa) was 112.85 kJ/mol for the first phase and 114.71 kJ/mol for the second phase, whereas in the case of the native enzyme, the value for the first phase was 101.55 kJ/mol and 103.42 kJ/mol for the second phase. The activation free energy of inactivation (deltaG*), as well as the activation enthalpy values (deltaH*) of all the modified enzymes were greater than those of the native enzyme, which is an indication of stabilization of the protein and a retardation of inactivation that is usually accompanied by unfolding under thermal and chemical stress. The stability of modified alpha-chymotrypsin is in the following order: OSP 400-C > OSP 70-C > CMC-C > Dextran 73-C = Dextran 250-C.
White Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Are Defective in Phytoene SynthaseSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY604700, <i>PSY</i> (137c) cDNA; AY604701, <i>PSY</i> (137c) genomic DNA; AY604702, <i>PSY</i> (S1D2) genomic DNA; and AY604703, <i>PDS</i> (137c) cDNA. (2004)

Carotenoids play an integral and essential role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants and algae. A collection of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants lacking carotenoids was characterized for pigment and tocopherol (vitamin E) composition, growth phenotypes under different light conditions, and the molecular basis of their mutant phenotype. The carotenoid-less mutants, or "white" mutants, were also deficient in chlorophylls but had approximately twice the tocopherol content of the wild type. White mutants grew in the dark but were unable to survive in the light, even under very low light conditions on acetate-containing medium. Genetic crosses and recombination tests revealed that all individual white mutants in the collection are alleles of a single gene, lts1, and the white phenotype was closely linked to a marker located in the phytoene synthase gene. DNA sequencing of the phytoene synthase gene from each of the mutants revealed nonsense, missense, frameshift, and splice site mutations. Transformation with a wild-type copy of the phytoene synthase gene was able to complement the lts1-210 mutation. Together, these results show that all the white mutants examined in this work are affected in the phytoene synthase gene.
Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (2000)

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass diverse clinicopathological disease entities ranging from idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) to interstitial pneumonia accompanied by collagen vascular diseases and diseases related to smoking, drug reactions, occupational environments, infections, and malignancies. Our focus is on the smoking-related interstitial lung diseases. Specifically, we focus on reports suggesting that chronic smoking is deeply involved in the disease pathogenesis and on reports suggesting that chronic smoking may influence the clinical course in terms of either disease severity or progression. Pulmonary Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (PLCG), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), respiratory bronchiolitis with interstitial lung diseases (RB-ILD), interstitial pneumonia associated with rheumatoid arthritis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are covered.
A retrospective analysis comparing clinical staging with magnetic resonance imaging staging in patients with cervical cancer (2013)

This single-institution retrospective study compares the accuracy of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging of cervical cancer. For patients who underwent surgery, MRI and clinical staging were compared to final pathological stage. Pathological stage was utilised as the reference standard.One hundred and twenty-eight patients underwent MRI and 45 proceeded to surgery. There was concurrence between MRI staging and pathological stage in only 29.3% of patients. MRI overestimated staging in 53.6% of the patients, and underestimated staging in 17.1%. The comparison between clinical staging and pathological stage indicated concurrences in 43.9% of the patients. Stage was overestimated in 19.5% and was underestimated in 36.6%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two staging options.
Sentiment analysis on Twitter posts: An analysis of positive or negative opinion on GoJek (2017)

Online transportation, such as GoJek, is preferred by many users especially in areas where public transport is difficult to access or when there is a traffic jam. Twitter is a popular social networking site in Indonesia that can generate information from users' tweets. In this study, we proposed a system that detect public sentiments based on Twitter post about online transportation services especially GoJek. The system will collect tweets, analyze the tweets sentiments using SVM, and group them into positive and negative sentiment.
Naked-Eye and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Hydrazine and Its Applications in In Vitro and In Vivo Bioimaging (2015)

Hydrazine has been applied diffusely in most of the chemical industry; however, it is a hazardous environmental pollutant and highly toxic to organisms. Selective, rapid, and sensitive detection of hydrazine thus becomes absolutely necessary in both biological and environmental sciences. Accordingly, fluorescence probes for hydrazine have been paid great attention in recent years. Disclosed here is the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe with a turn-on fluorescent probe CyJ based on the structure-emission property relationships of the NIR dyes containing an acetyl group as the recognizing moiety. This new probe not only can be readily prepared, but also shows excellent sensing properties. First and most important of all, CyJ is highly selective for N2H4 over various anions, cations, and other amino compounds and has a low limit of detection (LOD) of hydrazine (5.4 ppb as fluorescence sensor and 6.1 ppb as UV sensor). Besides, CyJ exhibited a dramatic increase in fluorescence at λmax = 706 nm in the presence of N2H4, and it offers a rapid, colorimetric and vapor sensing detection process for N2H4 in both aqueous solution and diluted human serum. Furthermore, CyJ has good cell-membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity. In addition, we have successfully applied the CyJ to visualize N2H4 in live mouse and, for the first time, in tissues such as the liver, lung, kidney, heart, and spleen.
Artificial carbohydrate antigens: the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> O antigen (1979)

The synthesis of a tetrasaccharide glycoside, 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl O-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, representing the repeating unit of the Shigella flexneri serogroup Y O antigen is reported, together with that of a component trisaccharide. Both oligosaccharide glycosides are functionalised to permit covalent attachment to immunogenic carriers and solid matrices. A key intermediate used to establish α-1,2-rhamnopyranoside linkages was 2-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl chloride (1), which was obtained in quantitative yield from 3,4-di-O-benzyl-1,2-O-(methoxyethylidene)-β-L-rhamnopyranose. Thus 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) prepared from the rhamnopyranosyl chloride 1 was used in a second Koenigs–Knorr reaction to provide an α-1,2-linked disaccharide. The disaccharide is in turn glycosylated at the C-2′ position with tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-D-glucopyranosyl bromide to provide the trisaccharide glycoside, 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl O-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside. Application of the same reaction sequence to a rhamnopyranoside selectively blocked with benzoate esters at C-2 and C-4 gave the S. flexneri tetrasaccharide repeating unit. The success of this strategy was dependent upon the ability to use selective transesterification conditions, which permit removal of O acetate groups whilst leaving benzoate esters intact.
Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Extractor (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCountercurrent Liquid-Liquid ExtractorHarley Wilhelm and Raymond FoosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 5, 633–636Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50593a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50593a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fullerenes catalyze the graphite-diamond phase transition (2001)

The effect of fullerenes on the graphite-diamond phase transition was experimentally studied. Adding a catalytic amount of fullerenes to graphite during the diamond synthesis at relatively low pressures (4.5–5.5 GPa) and temperatures (about 1200°C) increases the percentage graphite to diamond conversion by a factor of 1.8 as compared to the case of an initial charge containing only graphite or fullerene. Adding fullerene to graphite allows the pressure and temperature of the synthesis to be decreased.
Differentiation and Distribution of Colistin- and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Tolerant Cells in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms (2006)

During Pseudomonas aeruginosa flow cell biofilm development, the cell population differentiates into a nonmotile subpopulation which forms microcolonies and a migrating subpopulation which eventually colonizes the top of the microcolonies, resulting in the development of mushroom-shaped multicellular structures. The cap-forming subpopulation was found to develop tolerance to membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents, such as the cyclic cationic peptide colistin and the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate. The stalk-forming subpopulation, on the other hand, was sensitive to the membrane-targeting antibacterial agents. All biofilm-associated cells were sensitive to the antibacterial agents when tested in standard plate assays. A mutation eliminating the production of type IV pili, and hence surface-associated motility, prevented the formation of regular mushroom-shaped structures in the flow cell biofilms, and the development of tolerance to the antimicrobial agents was found to be affected as well. Mutations in genes interfering with lipopolysaccharide modification (pmr) eliminated the biofilm-associated colistin tolerance phenotype. Experiments with a PAO1 strain harboring a pmr-gfp fusion showed that only the cap-forming subpopulation in biofilms treated with colistin expresses the pmr operon. These results suggest that increased antibiotic tolerance in biofilms may be a consequence of differentiation into distinct subpopulations with different phenotypic properties.
Classification of diaper dermatitis: an overview. (1987)

Several types of diaper dermatitis are discussed: generic diaper dermatitis is most common and involves a simple erythema and mild scaling of the gluteal crease, buttocks, thighs, and lower abdomen. Candidal diaper dermatitis involves clinically significant infection with Candida albicans and presents as a sharply marginated area of erythema with significant involvement of the anterior thighs, genital creases, abdomen, and genitalia. Noduloulcerative diaper dermatitis may develop in a small percentage of patients who have chronic diaper dermatitis, as large, raised erosions with rolled margins. The lesions are most noticeable on the prominent body parts-genitalia, abdomen, thighs, and buttocks. Infantile seborrheic dermatitis involves a distinctive pattern of inflammation that usually begins beneath the diaper as a sharply marginated area of erythema with satellite lesions. Within 1-2 weeks, lesions develop on the scalp, cheeks, arms, legs, and intertriginous parts of the body. Impetigo is common in the diaper area, particularly in the first 6 months of life and during the warmer summer season. The lesions are usually bullous and represent infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Folliculitis appears as small, perifollicular erythematous papules and pustules, usually on the buttocks, thigh and lower abdomen. It is common in the warm summer months and is usually caused by bacteria such as S. aureus. Intertrigo categorizes disease that does not fit into the above categories. Often the patient presents with simple erythema of the folds without pustules or induration. This probably represents irritation and low-grade infection. It is important for the clinician to be aware that many other diseases can have manifestations in the diaper area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The dynamic spore (2003)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Dynamic Power Management on LDPC Decoders (2010)

This paper presents a dynamic power management strategy for the iterative decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We propose an online algorithm for adjusting the operation of a power manageable decoder. Decision making is based upon the monitoring of a convergence metric independent from the message computation kernel. Furthermore we analyze the feasibility of a VLSI implementation for such algorithm. Up to 54% savings in energy were achieved with a relatively low loss on error-correcting performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidative Flavonoids from Cleistocalyx operculatus Buds. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.