gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on canonical transient receptor potential expression in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (2013)

To clarify the possible mechanism of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary hypertension and furthermore provide effective targets for prevention and treatment, the effects of chronic CS on rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle in vivo and nicotine treatment on rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in vitro were investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that chronic CS exposure led to rat weight loss, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. A fluorescence microscope was used to measure intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in rat distal PASMCs. Results showed that basal [Ca(2+)]i and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) levels in PASMCs from 3- and 6-mo CS-exposed rats were markedly higher than those in cells from the unexposed control animals (the increases in 6-mo CS group were more significant than that in 3-mo group), accompanied with increased canonical transient receptor potential 1 (TRPC1) and TRPC6 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in isolated distal PA. Simultaneously, in vitro study showed that nicotine treatment (10 nM) significantly increased basal [Ca(2+)]i and SOCE and upregulated TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in cultured rat distal PASMCs. TRPC siRNA knockdown strategies revealed that the elevations of basal [Ca(2+)]i and SOCE induced by nicotine in PASMCs were TRPC1 and TRPC6 dependent. These results suggested that chronic CS-induced changes in vascular tone and structure in PA and the development of pulmonary hypertension might be largely due to upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in PASMCs, in which nicotine played an important role.
Engineering of a Xylose Metabolic Pathway in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2006)

The aerobic microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum was metabolically engineered to broaden its substrate utilization range to include the pentose sugar xylose, which is commonly found in agricultural residues and other lignocellulosic biomass. We demonstrated the functionality of the corynebacterial xylB gene encoding xylulokinase and constructed two recombinant C. glutamicum strains capable of utilizing xylose by cloning the Escherichia coli gene xylA encoding xylose isomerase, either alone (strain CRX1) or in combination with the E. coli gene xylB (strain CRX2). These genes were provided on a high-copy-number plasmid and were under the control of the constitutive promoter trc derived from plasmid pTrc99A. Both recombinant strains were able to grow in mineral medium containing xylose as the sole carbon source, but strain CRX2 grew faster on xylose than strain CRX1. We previously reported the use of oxygen deprivation conditions to arrest cell replication in C. glutamicum and divert carbon source utilization towards product production rather than towards vegetative functions (M. Inui, S. Murakami, S. Okino, H. Kawaguchi, A. A. Vertès, and H. Yukawa, J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 7:182-196, 2004). Under these conditions, strain CRX2 efficiently consumed xylose and produced predominantly lactic and succinic acids without growth. Moreover, in mineral medium containing a sugar mixture of 5% glucose and 2.5% xylose, oxygen-deprived strain CRX2 cells simultaneously consumed both sugars, demonstrating the absence of diauxic phenomena relative to the new xylA-xylB construct, albeit glucose-mediated regulation still exerted a measurable influence on xylose consumption kinetics.
The folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid elicits induced resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus and Xanthomonas axonopodis (2013)

The present study is the first to demonstrate the effective elicitation of SAR by a folate precursor under field conditions.
Optical MIMO-OFDM with Generalized LED Index Modulation (2017)

Visible light communications (VLC) is a promising and uncharted new technology for the next generation of wireless communication systems. This paper proposes a novel generalized light emitting diode (LED) index modulation method for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based VLC systems. The proposed scheme avoids the typical spectrum efficiency losses incurred by time- and frequency-domain shaping in OFDM signals. This is achieved by exploiting spatial multiplexing along with LED index modulation. Accordingly, real and imaginary components of the complex time-domain OFDM signals are separated first, then resulting bipolar signals are transmitted over a VLC channel by encoding sign information in LED indexes. As a benchmark, we demonstrate the performance analysis of our proposed system for both analytical and physical channel models. Furthermore, two novel receiver designs are proposed. Each one is suitable for frequency-flat or selective channel scenarios. It has been shown via extensive computer simulations that the proposed scheme achieves considerably better bit error ratio versus signal-to-noise-ratio performance than the existing VLC-MIMO-OFDM systems that use the same number of transmit and receive units [LEDs and photo diodes (PDs)]. Compared with the single-input single-output (SISO) DC biased optical (DCO)-OFDM system, both spectral efficiency and DC bias can be doubled and removed respectively simply by exploiting a MIMO configuration.
<i>Drosophila</i> glycoprotein 93 is an ortholog of mammalian heat shock protein glycoprotein 96 and retains chaperone function for both Toll-like receptors and integrins (134.82) (2009)

Abstract Mammalian heat shock protein (HSP) glycoprotein 96 (gp96) is an obligate chaperone for multiple integrins and Toll-like receptors (TLR). A database search revealed glycoprotein 93 (gp93) in Drosophila with high sequence homology to gp96, with unknown function. To determine if gp93 and gp96 are functionally conserved, we expressed gp93 in gp96 deficient mouse cells. We found that gp93 is able to chaperone multiple gp96 clients including α4, αL, β2 integrins and TLR2. Whereas gp96 undergoes intermolecular disulfide bond formation, gp93 is unable to do so due to absence of a critical cysteine residue at the N-terminus. However, site-directed mutagenesis of both gp96 and gp93 demonstrated that intermolecular disulfide bond formation is not critical for chaperone function. We conclude that gp93 is the Drosophila ortholog of gp96 and that its chaperone function is conserved. Further study of gp96 from an evolutionary angle should be informative to uncover the detailed mechanism of this understudied HSP90 paralogue in its chaperone function. Z.L. is supported by NIH grant R01AI070603. C.M. is supported by a NIH predoctoral training grant 08-TA1007080F.
Genomic alterations identified by array comparative genomic hybridization as prognostic markers in tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (2006)

Our array CGH analysis with BAC clones could detect various genomic alterations in ER-positive breast cancers, and Recurrence group samples showed a significantly different pattern of DNA copy number changes than did Non-recurrence group samples.
Hybrid recommender systems: A systematic literature review (2017)

Recommender systems are software tools used to generate and provide suggestions for items and other entities to the users by exploiting various strategies. Hybrid recommender systems combine two or more recommendation strategies in different ways to
Structural Analysis and Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Isolated from Fermented Beverage of Plant Extract (2008)

Fermented beverage of plant extract was prepared from about fifty kinds of fruits and vegetables. Natural fermentation was conducted by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc spp.) and yeast (Zygosaccharomyces spp. and Pichia spp.). Fourteen kinds of oligosaccharides have been isolated from this beverage; their structures were confirmed by methylation analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR measurements. In these saccharides, five novel oligosaccharides have been found to be constructed by fructose residue of pyranose form, and fructosyl residues of sucrose bond with the β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose. The characteristics of one of the novel saccharides, O-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose (Fp2-6G) were investigated, and included non-cariogenicity and low digestibility. Furthermore, the unfavorable bacteria, Clostridum perfringens, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, that produce mutagenic substances did not use the saccharide. The Fp2-6G synthesis activity of crude enzyme of the 5 yeast strains isolated from plant extract was examined using the ABEE-converting method. Fp2-6G synthetic activity was observed only in a reaction mixture using crude enzyme from the Y-1 strain. The Y-1 strain was identified as Pichia spp.
Documentation parser to extract software test conditions (1992)

This project concerns building a document parser that can be used as a software engineering tool. A software tester's task frequently involves comparing the behavior of a running system with a document describing the behavior of the system. If a problem is found, it may indicate an update is required to the document, the software system, or both. A tool to generate tests automatically based on documents would be very useful to software engineers, but it requires a document parser which can identify and extract testable conditions in the text.
Towards a high-throughput and low power reconfigurable architecture of advanced OFDM modulator for software-defined radio systems (2007)

OFDM modulation is widely used in several communications systems. An advanced modulation scheme, called OFDM/OQAM with IOTA pulse shaping has been identified as one potential method to enhance the performance of these systems. Nevertheless, the IOTA filtering increases the architecture complexity especially for high-throughput communication of the order of about of hundreds of MHz. In this paper, we propose a coarse-grained configurable architecture of advanced OFDM modulator/demodulator using parallel architecture and combined with pipelined strategy suitable for software defined radio. This solution offers a good tradeoff between scalability, performance and low power.
The Use of Phosphazenes as Fire Resistant Materials (1993)

A survey of the use of cyclo- and poly(phosphazenes) in fire resis tant applications is presented. Where appropriate, synthesis and commercial availability will be indicated. Two fundamentally different approaches, phosphazenes as additives or as intrinsically flame resistant materials, will be discussed. While the former category is limited to cyclophosphazenes, the lat ter involves linear poly(phosphazenes), cyclolinear and cyclomatrix materials and carbon chain polymers with cyclophosphazenes as substituents.
Fruit and vegetable fiber fermentation by gut microflora from canines. (2001)

The objective of this study was to assess fermentability by canine gut microflora to include shortchain fatty acid (SCFA) production, organic matter (OM) disappearance, and gas production of vegetable and fruit fiber sources compared to fiber standards (psyllium, citrus pectin, and Solka Floc). Fiber sources included apple pomace, carrot pomace, flaxseed, fruit blend (mixture of peach, almond, nectarine, and plum), grape pomace, pea hulls, pistachio, and tomato pomace. Substrates were fermented in vitro for 4, 12, and 24 h with fecal flora obtained from three healthy dogs. Citrus pectin had the highest OM disappearance, SCFA production, and gas production at all times of fermentation; psyllium was intermediate and Solka Floc was lowest. A wide variation in fermentability was noted among the vegetable and fruit fiber sources. Apple pomace, carrot pomace, and flaxseed had the greatest fermentability as assessed by OM disappearance. Pea hulls and tomato pomace had intermediate OM disappearances, and fruit blend, grape pomace, and pistachio were poorly fermented. Carrot pomace produced the largest amounts of gas and SCFA. Apple pomace produced high concentrations of gas but intermediate concentrations of SCFA. Pea hulls and tomato pomace produced intermediate concentrations of gas and SCFA, whereas flaxseed, fruit blend, grape pomace, and pistachio produced low amounts of these fermentation products. For all substrates collectively, OM disappearance was highly correlated with both gas production (r2 = 0.782 and 0.723 for 12- and 24-h values, respectively) and SCFA production (r2 = 0.737 and 0.738 for 12- and 24-h values, respectively). In general, OM disappearance, gas production, and SCFA production were related to the insoluble:soluble fiber ratio in the samples; as the insoluble:soluble ratio decreased (increased soluble fiber), the OM disappearance, gas production, and SCFA production increased.
13 Utilization of Bison in the Great Plains (1972)

The Olsen-Chubbuck Site is a bison kill. Therefore, it is pertinent to review some of the characteristics of the quarry, for if the archaeologist is to understand the nature and meaning of such kills, he must first understand something about the nature and habits of the bison, particularly the characteristics which made these great beasts susceptible to the techniques of mass slaughter employed by the Indians who hunted them. Moreover, he must understand the methods which the Indians used to kill and butcher the bison, in order to extract the maximum amount of information from his excavations. If the archaeologist is dealing with prehistoric kills, he must assume that the habits of prehistoric and historic bison were essentially the same, and that the methods of hunting and utilizing them were similar. There can be no doubt that acculturation of the Indian to the use of gun and horse changed, in some cases drastically, the hunting methods of the historic Indians. Yet, the techniques observed by the earliest explorers of interior North America must have remained essentially unchanged over thousands of years. If these assumptions are valid, then we are in a position to comprehend and interpret the evidence recovered in our excavations of bison kills.
EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE OF AN AL-ZN-MG-CU ALLOY (AL-7055) (2003)

ABSTRACTEFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE OF AN AL-ZN-MG-CU ALLOY (AL-7055)Lynn Eugene Oswald, MSUniversity of Pittsburgh, 2003The study of fatigue in aluminum alloys is an area that has been studied for many years. Although proposed processes and mechanisms for fatigue initiation have been reported in various studies, there still exist areas that require improved understanding. The current study examines the role that microstructural features can play with regard to fatigue crack initiation.Alloy 7055 has found wide acceptance by commercial aircraft manufacturers in the use of upper wing skins. This product displays a unique combination of compressive yield strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance which are required for use in compression-dominated upper wing structures. Fatigue crack initiation is used by aircraft designers to determine the initial inspection intervals an aircraft must adhere to. By increasing the fatigue initiation resistance of an aluminum alloy, an aircraft can endure additional flights prior to initial inspection. This has an obvious impact on the financial and safety performance of the structure.Constituent particles (Mg2Si and Al7Cu2Fe) play a primary role in the fatigue crack initiation resistance of 7055 alloy. In the current study Mg2Si was determined to be a particularly damaging feature in the microstructure in terms of fatigue crack initiation resistance, as compared to Al7Cu2Fe. The elastic and plastic behavior of these particles, as determined with an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with a nanoindenter, revealed that the Fe-bearing particles were more resistant to fracture and exhibit increased plasticity, as compared to the Si-bearing particle.
Treatment of Xerophthalmia With Retinol, Tretinoin, and Etretinate (1984)

Topical retinol, tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) and etretinate (a synthetic retinoid) were used in rabbits to treat experimental xerophthalmia due to vitamin A deficiency. Both 0.2% retinol and 0.1% and 0.2% tretinoin effectively reversed abnormal corneal epithelial keratinization within one to two days and restored corneal clarity within two to four days following topical application three times per day. Etretinate was ineffective in the concentration used (0.2%). In addition, application of tretinoin to one eye effectively reversed xerophthalmic changes in the other eye. Retinol did not have an effect on the other eye.
Controlled Autocatalytic Nitration of Phenol in a Microreactor (2005)

Scaled-down approach: The nitration of phenol is an autocatalytic, strongly exothermic reaction and is thus difficult to handle on an industrial scale. Continuous nitration in a microreactor (see picture) affords higher yields and enhanced process safety, thanks to good heat exchange and mixing properties, as well as rapid radical propagation under sufficiently harsh conditions.
Detection of bacterial vaginosis-related organisms by real-time PCR for Lactobacilli,<i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>and<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> (2002)

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of detecting bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related organisms in stored genital tract specimens using real-time PCR. Frozen cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples from 21 women were analyzed by real-time PCR for the numbers of Mycoplasma hominis, Gardnerella vaginalis and lactobacilli. Lactobacilli organisms were detected in all CVL samples, G. vaginalis was detected in all but one sample, while M. hominis was detected in only six samples. Using the Amsel criteria to define BV, the samples from women with BV had significantly higher numbers of G. vaginalis organisms than samples from women without BV (P=0.004). In contrast, the number of lactobacilli organisms in BV samples was significantly lower (P=0.013). The number of M. hominis organisms was not significantly different between BV-positive and BV-negative samples. A striking relationship was observed where most of the samples contained high numbers of either lactobacilli or G. vaginalis but not both. These results show that it is possible to determine the presence of BV-related organisms in stored genital tract samples by PCR, suggesting that this could be developed into an objective method that could be useful for certain applications.
Ab Interno and Ab Externo Filtering Operations by Laser Contact Surgery (1987)

A new method to create filtering tracts ab interno or ab externo which may eventually prove useful in eyes with poorly controlled glaucoma is described. Fiberoptics of 200 microns diameter, with either cleaved or 500 microns ball lens tips, were coupled to the output of an argon gas laser emitting a number of radiation lines in the ultraviolet (333 to 363 nm) wavelengths. This system was used to perforate the corneoscleral limbal tissue of enucleated bovine eyes with a small number of laser applications to create a filtering fistula. Corneoscleral limbal perforation with a 200 microns cleaved fiber required 0.6 to 1.1 J total energy, delivered with a laser power of 0.5 W, or greater, for 0.1 second. With a 500 microns ball lens fiber tip a tract of nearly 0.5 mm diameter was created, requiring 5.1 to 10.4 J total energy, delivered with a laser power of 2.0 W, or greater, for at least 0.1 second. The energy required for perforation from the external surface to the anterior chamber was the same as the energy required for ab interno perforation.
High-temperature superconductivity in ultrathin films of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> (1989)

We have grown ultrathin films of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x in situ on (001) SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. The zero resistance transition temperature (Tc0) is &gt;90 K for films &gt;300 Å thick. The critical current density (Jc at 77 K) is 0.8×106 A/cm2 for a 300 Å film and 4–5×106 A/cm2 for a 1000 Å film. The Tc0 and Jc deteriorate rapidly below 300 Å, reaching values of 82 K and 300 A/cm2 at 77 K, respectively, for a 100 Å film. Films only 50 Å thick exhibit metallic behavior and possible evidence of superconductivity without showing zero resistance to 10 K. These results are understood on the basis of the defects formed at the film-substrate interface, the density of which rapidly decreases over a thickness of 100 Å. We have studied these defects by ion channeling measurements and cross-section transmission electron microscopy. Our results suggest that the superconducting transport in these films is likely to be two dimensional in nature, consistent with the short coherence length along the c axis of the crystals.
My First Day of School (2001)

Dr. Martha Hall shares the reflections of a five year old girl regarding her first day of school. The details tell the reader that the first day of school for the girl happened in the distant past: Sawdust on the floors, new feed sack dress, etc. Perhaps the girl's observations can be understood by students of every generation.
Artificial intelligence in medicine : proceedings of the 4th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe, 3-6 Octoer 1993, Munich (1993)

The European Society on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine was established in 1986 to foster fundamental and applied research in artificial intelligence and symbolic informaiton processing techniques for medical care and medical research. AIME also assists industry in identifying high quality medical products which exploit these techniques. The papers presented at the Munich conference show the maturity of this special field of medical informatics. They cover subject areas such as knowledge representation and acquisition, neural networks, uncertainty in medical knowledge, and natural language understanding knowledge-based image interpretation.
A systematic approach to intelligent building design (1993)

The Future Intelligent System and Engineering Service for Buildings (FINEBIL) concept, which integrates intelligent building marketing, engineering and construction is reviewed. The integration of facilities management, building automation, data communication, and office automation systems, called for in the FINEBIL-System Development Engineering Methodology (SDEM) is summarized. It consists of standard techniques for engineering intelligent building systems. Several technologies for the next generation of intelligent buildings are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FPGA acceleration of reference-based compression for genomic data (2015)

One of the key challenges facing genomics today is efficiently storing the massive amounts of data generated by next-generation sequencing platforms. Reference-based compression is a popular strategy for reducing the size of genomic data, whereby sequence information is encoded as a mapping to a known reference sequence. Determining the mapping is a computationally intensive problem, and is the bottleneck of most reference-based compression tools currently available. This paper presents the first FPGA acceleration of reference-based compression for genomic data. We develop a new mapping algorithm based on the FM-index search operation which includes optimisations targeting the compression ratio and speed. Our hardware design is implemented on a Maxeler MPC-X2000 node comprising 8 Altera Stratix V FPGAs. When evaluated against compression tools currently available, our tool achieves a superior compression ratio, compression time, and energy consumption for both FASTA and FASTQ formats. For example, our tool achieves a 30% higher compression ratio and is 71.9 times faster than the fastqz tool.