gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-taper CMOS buffers (1991)

A variable-taper (VT) approach to buffer design in which the taper from one inverter stage to the next is a function of the position of the inverter within the buffer chain is proposed. Though the minimum delay obtained by using a VT buffer is about 15% more than the minimum delay obtained from conventional fixed-taper (FT) buffers, a small modification to the initial stages of the VT buffer reduces this difference to less than 2%. For similar delays, a VT buffer usually takes less area and consumes less power than an FT buffer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of a Neuro-Fuzzy Observer for Speed-Sensorless Control of DC Servo Motor (2007)

This paper deals with speed-sensorless control of DC servo motor using Neuro-Fuzzy Observer. DC servo motor has very low rotor inertia and excellent response characteristic and it is very useful to control torque and speed. It is easy to detect the voltage and current and resolver or encoder is used to measure a rotor speed. But it has a limit as a driving speed to detect speed precisely. So it is problem to improve the performance of the driving system. To solve this problem, it is studied to detect a speed of DC servo motor without sensor. In particular, study on the method to estimate the speed using the observer is performed a lot. In this paper, the gain of the observer is properly set up using the Neuro-Fuzzy control and Neuro-Fuzzy Observer that have a superior transient characteristic and is easy to implement compared the existing method is designed. It calculates the differentiation of the rotor current directly using the rotor current measured in the DC servo motor and estimates the speed of the rotor using the differentiation. Proposed speed sensorless control method is performed using the estimated speed. Also, it is proved feasibility of the proposed observer from the comparison tested a case with a speed sensor and a case without a speed sensor which used a highly efficient drive and 200[w] DC servo motor starting system.
Interleukin‐12‐ and interferon‐γ‐mediated natural killer cell activation by <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill (2007)

Dried fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) and its extracts have generally used as complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). Here, we report that the oral administration of A. blazei augmented cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/c mice. Augmented cytotoxicity was demonstrated by purified NK cells from treated wild-type (WT) and RAG-2-deficient mice, but not from interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) deficient mice. NK cell activation and IFN-gamma production was also observed in vitro when dendritic cell (DC)-rich splenocytes of WT mice were coincubation with an extract of A. blazei. Both parameters were largely inhibited by neutralizing anti-interleukin-12 (IL-12) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and completely inhibited when anti-IL-12 mAb and anti-IL-18 mAb were used in combination. An aqueous extract of the hemicellulase-digested compound of A. blazei particle; (ABPC) induced IFN-gamma production more effectively, and this was completely inhibited by anti-IL-12 mAb alone. NK cell cytotoxicty was augmented with the same extracts, again in an IL-12 and IFN-gamma-dependent manner. These results clearly demonstrated that A. blazei and ABPC augmented NK cell activation through IL-12-mediated IFN-gamma production.
Randomized double-blind trial of intravenous prochlorperazine for the treatment of acute headache (1989)

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, intravenous prochlorperazine edisylate (Compazine Edisylate) was compared with a placebo in the treatment of severe headaches. Eighty-two adult patients with vascular or tension-type headaches were identified at the time of presentation to one of three participating emergency departments. After the patient gave informed consent, a 2-mL intravenous injection of sterile saline solution or prochlorperazine edisylate (10 mg) was given to each patient at the time of randomization. The treatment groups were similar with regard to age, sex, and type and duration of headache. Within 60 minutes after injection, 74% (31/42) of those who received prochlorperazine had complete relief; 14% (6/42) of the patients had partial relief. Overall, there was complete or partial relief of pain in 88% (37/42) of the drug group and in 45% (18/40) of the placebo group. This difference was statistically significant using χ<sup>2</sup>analysis. Adverse effects were minimal; one patient experienced asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension. These results suggest that intravenous prochlorperazine is an effective treatment for patients with severe vascular or tension headaches who present to the emergency department. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:1174-1176)
Electrically Conducting Poly(Vinyl Acetate) (1984)

Abstract : Electrically conducting polymers have recently been the subject of intense interest. Polyacetylene has been widely studied as an electronic conductor. Ionic conductors include poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide) and poly(ethylene succinate). In the present note, the observation of electrically conducting poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) is reported. Ionic conduction is inferred from the date. (Author)
Global Warming Will Bring New Fungal Diseases for Mammals (2010)

Fungi are major pathogens of plants, other fungi, rotifers, insects, and amphibians, but relatively few cause disease in mammals. Fungi became important human pathogens only in the late 20th century, primarily in hosts with impaired immunity as a consequence of medical interventions or HIV infection. The relatively high resistance of mammals has been attributed to a combination of a complex immune system and endothermy. Mammals maintain high body temperatures relative to environmental temperatures, creating a thermally restrictive ambient for the majority of fungi. According to this view, protection given by endothermy requires a temperature gradient between those of mammals and the environment. We hypothesize that global warming will increase the prevalence of fungal diseases in mammals by two mechanisms: (i) increasing the geographic range of currently pathogenic species and (ii) selecting for adaptive thermotolerance for species with significant pathogenic potential but currently not pathogenic by virtue of being restricted by mammalian temperatures.
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of a Right Hemisphere Bias for the Influence of Negative Emotion on Higher Cognition (2005)

We examined how responses to aversive pictures affected performance and stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during a demanding cognitive task. Numeric Stroop stimuli were brief ly presented to either left or right visual hemifield (LVF and RVF, respectively) after a centrally presented aversive or neutral picture from the International Affective Picture System. Subjects indicated whether a quantity value from each Stroop stimulus matched the preceding Stroop stimulus while passively viewing the pictures. After aversive pictures, responses were more accurate for LVF Stroops and less accurate for RVF Stroops. Early-latency extrastriate attention-dependent visual ERPs were enhanced for LVF Stroops. The N2 ERP was enhanced for LVF Stroops over the right frontal and parietal scalp sites. Slow potentials (300-800 msec) recorded over the frontal and parietal regions showed enhanced picture related modulation and amplitude for LVF Stroops. These results suggest that emotional responses to aversive pictures selectively facilitated right hemisphere processing during higher cognitive task performance.
A method for quantitative measurement of lumbar intervertebral disc structures: an intra- and inter-rater agreement and reliability study (2013)

Length measurements and calculated CSAs of disc morphology and dural sac diameter from MRIs showed acceptable intra- and inter-rater agreement and reliability. However, caution should be taken when measuring very small structures and defining anatomical landmarks.
Catalytic Applications of Zeolites in Chemical Industry (2009)

New materials are prerequisite for major breakthrough applications influencing our daily life, and therefore are pivotal for the chemical industry. Nanoporous materials constitute an important class of heterogeneous catalysts as they not only offer higher surface areas and enhanced activity, but also provide shape/size selectivity. As a well-established family of nanoporous materials, zeolites are of paramount importance for the chemical industry as heterogeneous catalysts with shape/size-selective character in various reactions. Zeolites can also play an active role in the quest for raw material change as catalysts providing the required selectivity towards base chemicals. In this contribution, an overview of the current and potential applications of zeolites as catalysts in chemical industry is presented.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Version 3.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (2017)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia among adults and accounts for the largest number of annual deaths due to leukemias in the United States. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines for AML focuses on management and provides recommendations on the workup, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options for younger (age <60 years) and older (age ≥60 years) adult patients.
Treatment of Chronic Dysfunction of Transplantation Kidney in Rats By Tanshinone, Lysimachiae Combined with Mycophenolate Mofetil or Cyclosporine Alone (2000)

Kidney transplantation has become an extensively accepted therapy for the terminal-stage of kidney diseases. Yet the high incidence of the chronic dysfunction remains a major clinical problem; long-term survival of patient is reduced by graft dysfunction after kidney transplantation.(1-3) However, the precise mechanisms of chronic dysfunction are not yet known. Moreover, current therapies are still suboptimal. In this study, our research goal was to determine whether microcirculatory disturbance is a major contributing factor for the chronic dysfunction development.
Fault Tolerant Design and Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Circuits Affixed on DNA Origami Tiles (2015)

Due to its programmable nature, DNA nanotechnology is currently one of the most advanced and most reliable self-assembly-based methodologies for constructing molecular-scale structures and devices. This makes DNA nanotechnology a highly promising candidate for generating radically new manufacturing technologies. Our specific interest is in the use of DNA as a template and scaffold for the self-assembly of carbon-nanotube field effect transistor (CNFET) circuits. In this paper, we introduced a novel high-level design framework for self-assembling CNFET circuits. According to this methodology, the elements of the circuits, i.e., CNFETs and the connecting carbon nanotube wires, are affixed on different rectangular DNA scaffolds, called tiles, and self-assemble into the desired circuit. The introduced methodology presents several advantages, both at the design level, and for analyzing the reliability of these systems. We make use of these advantages and introduce a new fault-tolerant architecture for CNFET circuits. Then, we analyze its reliability both by computer simulations and by analytical methods.
Stall Control (1960)

Compressor stall has had an increasing effect through the years upon gas turbine controls. The general problem was reasonably well known in the first decade of jet engine history after the “Whittle Engine”. The scheduling approach to the control of compressor stall established during this time has become rooted throughout the industry. On the other hand, an idealized approach based on sensing incipient stall remains an intriguing challenge.
Manipulation of nanoneedle and nanosphere apatite/poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposites (2005)

Colloidal apatitic nanosphere of 2-5 nm in diameter was synthesized in the presence of poly(acrylic acid), PAA. PAA, which has long been recognized as an inhibitor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite, is used as a structure-directing agent for the synthesis of calcium-deficient apatite (CDHA) in this study. Experimental observation suggests a critical amount of the low-molecular-weight PAA, above which morphological evolution of CDHA nanoparticles from needle to sphere was observed. This reveals that the PAA acts as an inhibitor for the growth of CDHA crystals. Further incorporation of PAA of high molecular weight formed a highly optically transparent nanocomposite, even with the nanospherical apatite loading up to 35 wt %, suggesting no agglomeration. This was further justified through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where the CDHA nanospheres were uniformly distributed in the PAA-CDHA nanocomposites. No interfacial crevices were visually observed, indicating a highly compatible interface between the inorganic CDHA and organic PAA phase.
Object Oriented Software modeling Using NLP based Knowledge Extraction (2009)

This paper presents a natural language processing based automated system for NL text to OO modeling the user requirements and generating code in multi-languages. A new rule-based model is presented for analyzing the natural languages (NL) and extracting the relative and required information from the given software requirement notes by the user. User writes the requirements in simple English in a few paragraphs and the designed system incorporates NLP methods to analyze the given script. First the NL text is semantically analyzed to extract classes, objects and their respective, attributes, methods and associations. Then UML diagrams are generated on the bases of previously extracted information. The designed system also provides with the respective code automatically of the already generated diagrams. The designed system provides a quick and reliable way to generate UML diagrams to save the time and budget of both the user and system analyst.
Assessing Blockchain Consensus and Security Mechanisms against the 51% Attack (2019)

The 51% attack is a technique which intends to fork a blockchain in order to conduct double-spending. Adversaries controlling more than half of the total hashing power of a network can perform this attack. In a similar way, n confirmation and selfish mining are two attack techniques that comprise a similar strategy to the 51% attack. Due to the immense attacking cost to perform the 51% attack, it was considered very unlikely for a long period. However, in recent times, the attack has befallen at a frequent pace, costing millions of dollars to various cryptocurrencies. The 51% attack strategy varies based upon the adopted consensus mechanism by a particular cryptocurrency, and it enables attackers to double-spend the same crypto-coin, restrict transactions, cancel blocks, and even have full control over the price of a cryptocurrency. A crypto-coin with a low hashing power is always jeopardized by the 51% attack due to the easily attainable hashing. In this paper, we analyze the real impact of the 51% attack, revealing serious weaknesses in consensus protocols that made this attack possible. We discuss the five most advanced protection techniques to prevent this attack and their main limitations. We conclude that in most cases, security techniques fail to provide real protection against the 51% attack because the weaknesses are inherited from the consensus protocols.
Separating heart and brain: on the reduction of physiological noise from multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals (2014)

The present study investigates the application of different signal processing approaches to reduce the influences of physiological rhythms on the hemodynamic responses. In addition to the identification of the best signal processing method, we also show the importance of noise reduction in fNIRS data.
Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles on Contact Line Stick−Slip Behavior of Volatile Drops (2009)

We describe an experimental investigation of the concomitant evaporation and (de)wetting behavior of sessile drops of ethanol, either pure, or containing small amounts of titanium oxide nanoparticles. Pure ethanol behaved in a more or less “ideal” manner, with constantly decreasing contact radius, at essentially constant contact angle. However, distinct “stick−slip” pinning behavior of the triple line occurred when nanoparticles were added to the base liquid. Increased nanoparticle concentration enhanced the “stick−slip” behavior. The observed behavior is attributed to the effects of particle accumulation near the contact line, caused by the now-established advective flow during evaporation. “Slip” behavior can be explained by hysteretic energy barriers, somewhat akin to line tension. The “stick” behavior was not complete: some triple line drift occurred (“pseudo-pinning”). It is postulated that this may be due to small-scale pinning of the triple line by deposited particles, or to increased effective viscosity due to high, local nanoparticle concentrations.
Cobalt Cardiomyopathy (2016)

Cobalt can cause a distinctive, rapidly progressive and reversible depression of cardiac systolic function, which is readily distinguished from other causes of cardiomyopathy. Patients present with the subacute onset of severe heart failure, which is accompanied by hypotension and cyanosis, pericardial effusion, low voltage on the electrocardiogram, marked elevation of serum enzymes, and lactic acidosis. They typically have a history of lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss in the months preceding the illness and exhibit other evidence of cobalt's effects on the body (eg, polycythemia and goiter). The course of cobalt-related cardiomyopathy may be progressive and fatal, but those who survive and cease exposure generally demonstrate complete resolution of symptoms and recovery of cardiac function. Patients presenting with rapid onset of cardiomyopathy, who also exhibit polycythemia, pericardial effusion, or goiter should be evaluated for cobalt exposure. Exposure can be confirmed by the measurement of cobalt in the serum, but serum levels of the ion are not reliably predictive of clinical cardiotoxicity. The clinical emergence of cobalt cardiomyopathy seems to require the coexistence of one or more cofactors, particularly a low-protein diet, thiamine deficiency, alcoholism, and hypothyroidism. As the medicinal use of cobalt has waned and measures to reduce industrial exposure have been implemented, subacute cobalt-related cardiomyopathy had become rare. However, reports describing classical features of the disease have recently surged among patients with a malfunctioning cobalt-alloy hip prosthesis.
Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in an endemic community in south-eastern Nigeria. (1995)

Studies were carried out on urinary schistosomiasis among school children aged 6 to 21 in Abia State, Nigeria. Of the total 1,165 children examined for eggs of S. haematobium in their urine, 245 (21.03%) were infected. Male children had significantly (P < 0.05) higher infection (64.08%) than their female counterparts (35.92%). Age-related infection rate showed significant difference (P < 0.05) with the highest infection rate (46.94%) recorded among children between the ages of 12 and 14 years. As with infection rate, the intensity of infection was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in males (35.50 eggs/10 ml urine) then in females (28.73 eggs/10 ml urine). 4 (1.63%) of the infected individuals had heavy infection (400 eggs/10 ml urine). There was a gradual increase of mean egg count with age up to 12-14 years after which there was a decrease. Viability test showed that of the 245 children infected 151 (61.63%) had viable eggs in their urine sample. The number of males with viable eggs (62.25%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the females (37.74%). Also in the number of infected individuals with viable eggs a significant difference among age groups was observed. It was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among the age group 12-14 years than in any other group. Among the infected children 38 (15.51%) had haematuria (which represents 95% of the 41 individuals with trace of blood in their urine). There was a significant association (P < 0.05) between haematuria and infection rate/intensity.
Software testing trends in Australia and beyond (2013)

This presentation looks at trends in software testing within the Australian context and compares them to broader global software testing practices by means of case studies from within global software development firms. Using the 2012 Australian Software Testing Industry Benchmark to provide a thorough analysis of current and emerging testing approaches and investigate general perceptions of the role of software testing, the presentation examines practices from research and development (R&D) companies as a point of comparison. The benchmark survey is structured to allow organisations to: - Compare themselves with the benchmarks achieved by other organisations in their sector. - Identify areas of strength and weakness. - Use this information to drive decisions regarding resource and budget allocation. - Compare how their efforts in testing are contributing to project success.
Loading acetoxymethyl ester fluorescent dyes into the cytoplasm of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>Commelina</i> guard cells (2002)

• Cytosolic calcium and pH changes are integral components of guard cell signal transduction. Acetoxymethyl (AM) ester-linked Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitive dyes are usually degraded before loading by extracellular esterases or partitioned into plant vacuoles using standard techniques, thereby preventing cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging. • Here a method is described for improved loading of the calcium sensitive fluorescent dyes Calcium Green-1 and Fura-2 AM ester into the cytoplasm of Commelina and Arabidopsis guard cells in epidermal strips, allowing fluorescence from several guard cells in an epidermal strip to be imaged and measured simultaneously. • Calcium Green-1 based imaging, external Ca<sup>2+</sup> buffering and Mn<sup>2+</sup> quenching in Commelina guard cells suggest that abscisic acid stimulates plasma membrane Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx. The Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitive dye Fura-2 was loaded into the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis guard cells, allowing ratiometric analyses of these cells. Data indicated that intact Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis mechanisms were present in Fura-2 AM loaded cells. • Loading of acetoxymethyl ester dyes provides a viable alternative method to cameleon imaging, which will be useful in loading Arabidposis mutants that are difficult to transform. This method may also be applicable to loading other ester linked dyes into the cytoplasm of plant cells.
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Establishes and Broadens Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance Hierarchies (2008)

The action of TdT on mouse TCR genes accounts for approximately 90% of T cell repertoire diversity. We report that in TdT-/- mice, total T(CD8+) responses to influenza and vaccinia viruses are reduced by approximately 30% relative to wild-type mice. We find that T(CD8+) responses to three subdominant influenza virus determinants are reduced to background values in TdT-/- mice while responses to three immunodominant determinants undergo a major reshuffling. A similar reshuffling occurs in T(CD8+) responses to immunodominant vaccinia virus determinants, and is clearly based on broad differences in TCR family usage and CDR3 length between wild-type and TdT-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that TdT plays a critical role in the magnitude and breadth of anti-viral T(CD8+) responses toward individual determinants and suggests that germline TCR repertoire bias toward the most dominant determinants is a major factor in establishing immunodominance hierarchies.