gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles into Microwire Networks Induced by Drying Liquid Bridges (2009)

Large interconnected gold wire structures ( approximately cm;{2}) of different topologies have been made by the drying of a gold nanoparticle suspension that has formed a connected network of liquid bridges in the interstices between a 2D crystalline layer of latex particles and a substrate. Slow evaporation of the suspending medium assembles the nanoparticles into a periodic or disordered conducting network of micrometer thick gold wires on the substrate. The presence of surfactants in the suspension is critical to maintaining the stability of the liquid bridge network during the evaporation process.
Hegang City pledges to double graphite production in 2017 (2017)

The city-level prefecture plans to push local graphite production to over 3m tonnes, after taking over a 1.21bn tonne mining reserve having these type of expansions triggered some negative comments within the industry in the past. Moreover, Chinese exports dipped throughout June according to Chinese Customs.

The Chinese city-level prefecture of Hegang plans to double its graphite ore mining production to over 3m tonnes this year, according to a statement made of 5 August.

The municipal government expects to add new production worth over Chinese renmimbi (Rmb) 6m ($892,794).

At the start of 2017, the Hegang municipal government together with the government of Luobei county, which falls under the city's jurisdiction, established the Heming Yunshan Mining Co. to take over a 210m tonne graphite mining permit from China Railway Resource Group.

It also expanded the proven reserve from 636m tonnes to 1.21bn tonnes, leading to a claim that it owned a third of the total high-quality graphite ores in China.

In H1, local graphite production in the prefecture reached Rmb 298m by value, up 72% year-on-year, industrial added value Rmb 51.01m, up 24% y-o-y.

Progress on other projects

The government also announced updates on several graphite related projects, such as the SICT Mobile Communication Company which started the first phase of its project in June 2017, aiming at annual capacity of 7.5m mobile phones, 9m phone batteries, and 5.5m dynamic batteries. The site expects to be in production in H1 2018.
Association between<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>Reduction and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature (2014)

Background. Laboratory data suggests a reduction of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is confirmed both in fecal samples in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Numerous observational studies have suspected dysbiosis, an imbalance between protective and harmful bacteria to be relevant to the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD. Methods. Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed, and others. were searched by 2 independent reviewers. Of 48 abstracts reviewed, 11 studies met our inclusion criteria (subject N = 1180). Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.2. Results. The bacterial count of F. prausnitzii in IBD patients was significantly lower (6.7888 ± 1.8875) log10 CFU/g feces than healthy controls (7.5791 ± 1.5812) log10 CFU/g feces; P < 0.0001. The Standardization Mean Difference of F. prausnitzii in IBD patients was -0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.07--0.80). Subgroup analyses revealed a trend toward a greater effect for CD (SMD: -1.13, 95% CI: -1.32--0.94) when compared to UC (SMD: -0.78, 95% CI: -0.97--0.60). Conclusions. The abundance of F. prausnitzii was decreased in IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the reduction of F. prausnitzii and misbalance of the intestinal microbiota are particularly higher in CD patients with ileal involvement.
User Policies in a Network Implementing Congestion Pricing (1999)

In this paper we consider a network implementing congestion pricing. For general user utility functions, and in a regime where user peak rates are small compared to network link capacities, we establish optimality of the considered pricing scheme. The corresponding optimal user policies are perhaps contrary to what one would expect: le transfers must either be done at maximal speed, or have access denied, whereas real time applications will display elasticity in their choice of sending rates. We also discuss how the optimality property is aected by price encoding mechanisms implemented in the network, and the resulting eect on user policies. 1 Introduction The problem of quality of service provision in the Internet has attracted a great deal of attention for some time. IntServ, the rst approach proposed by the IETF, relied on the reservation protocol RSVP, which enabled users to make bandwidth and buer reservations along a path, upon connection. However, questions were raised abo...
Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for the Oxidation of Alcohols and Their Application to Complex Molecule Synthesis (2004)

Abstract Hypervalent iodine(V) derivatives such as 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and Dess–Martin periodinane [DMP; 1,1,1‐tris(acetyloxy)‐1,1‐dihydro‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3‐(1 H )‐one] have been used widely for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones during the last decade because of their high chemoselectivity, mild reactivity, and high yielding process. This review focuses on the recent progress in the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds using IBX, DMP, and other hypervalent iodine reagents, and their application to total syntheses of a variety of complex natural products.
Broadband mode-group mixing via spatial phase masks printed on fiber facet (2017)

We introduce a novel, low loss and compact mode scrambler, printed directly on fiber-tip. The device is optimized to achieve a desired inter-mode-group mixing level at minimum loss for achieving strong mixing in FMF links.
Effects of a combined supercritical extraction/thermal cycle on binder removal cycle time, yield, residual carbon, and defect formation in multilayer ceramic capacitors (2010)

In this work, a combined cycle consisting of a supercritical extraction cycle (SCE) followed by a thermal cycle (TC), was used to remove binder from green multilayer ceramic capacitors. The dielectric was barium titanate and the binder consisted of poly(vinyl butyral) plasticized with phthalates. Supercritical extraction of approximately one-third of the binder leads to an increase in the porosity and gas permeability of samples and to a decrease in the adhesion strength between layers. The partial removal of the binder also resulted in a decrease in cycle time and defects following the combined SCE/TC. Samples subjected to the combined SCE/TC also had 25-30% less residual carbon as compared to samples subjected to a thermal cycle alone. This work also presents the binder removal efficiencies from tape cast films fabricated with titanate-based dielectrics. The organic systems evaluated were plasticized acrylic, poly(propylene carbonate), and poly(vinyl butyral) binders. The effect of temperature on binder removal and defect formation are assessed.
Purification of an active opioid-binding protein from bovine striatum. (1985)

We report the purification to apparent homogeneity of an active opioid-binding protein solubilized from bovine striatal membranes. The purification was accomplished in two steps: affinity chromatography on beta-naltrexylethylenediamine (NED)-CH-Sepharose 4B followed by lectin affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose. The ligand affinity-purified fraction exhibits stereospecific and saturable binding of opiates and is heat-sensitive. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate of the NED-purified material gave 6-8 bands by silver staining or autoradiography of radioiodinated material. Under nondenaturing conditions, the NED-purified material elutes in a molecular mass range between 300 and 350 kDa from gel exclusion chromatography on Ultrogel AcA-34. The specific activity of the affinity-purified fraction (800-1500 pmol/mg protein) is enriched 4000 to 7000-fold over that of the membrane-bound or unpurified soluble receptor. Further purification (10-20-fold) is achieved by chromatography of the NED eluate on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose. The eluted fraction shows a single protein (65 kDa) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified material is an acidic glycoprotein with a pI of 6.0-6.3 and binds opiates with a specific activity (12,000-15,000 pmol/mg) that is 65,000 to 75,000-fold greater (theoretical, 77,000-fold) than that of the membrane-bound or crude soluble receptors.
The influence of particle size distribution and operating conditions on the adsorption performance in fluidized beds (1997)

The influence of matrix properties and operating conditions on the performance in fluidized-bed adsorption has been studied using Streamline diethyl-aminoethyl (DEAE), an ion exchange matrix based on quartz-weighted agarose, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Three different particle size fractions (120-160 microm, 120-300 microm, and 250-300 microm) were investigated. Dispersion in the liquid phase was reduced when particles with a wide size distribution were fluidized compared to narrow particle size distributions. When the mean particle diameter was reduced, the breakthrough capacities during frontal adsorption were enlarged due to a shorter diffusion path length within the matrix. At small particle diameters the effect of film mass transfer became more relevant to the adsorption performance in comparison to larger particles. Therefore matrices designed for fluidized-bed adsorption should have small particle diameter and increased mean particle density to ensure small diffusion path length in the particle and a high interstitial velocity to improve film mass transfer. Studies on the influence of sedimented matrix height on axial mixing showed an increased Bodenstein number with increasing bed length. Higher breakthrough capacities were also found for longer adsorbent beds due to reduced dispersion and improved fluid and particle side mass transfer. With increasing bed height the influence of flow rate on breakthrough capacity was reduced. For a settled bed height of 50 cm breakthrough capacities of 80% of the equilibrium capacity for flow rates varying from 3 to 9 cm/min could be achieved.
Social behavior profile in young males with fragile X syndrome: Characteristics and specificity (2004)

The present study characterizes distinctive and specific features of social behavior impairment, termed social behavior profile (SBP), in young males with fragile X syndrome (FraX). Fourteen males with FraX and autism (FraX+Aut), ages 3-8 years, were compared with either 41 FraX boys without autism (Aut), 7 age-matched males with developmental language delay and autism (DLD+Aut), or with 11 boys with non-selected (for language delay) idiopathic autism (IA), on several standardized instruments assessing social behavior and autistic features (i.e., autism diagnostic interview-revised, ADI-R). We found that FraX+Aut subjects displayed more impairment in overall cognition, problem/aberrant behavior, and adaptive behavior than the rest of the FraX cohort, even when individuals with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) were included in the latter. Compared to both DLD+Aut and IA, FraX+Aut males were less impaired in ADI-R reciprocal social interaction (RECS) domain. However, boys with FraX+Aut were in general comparable to DLD+Aut subjects in problem/aberrant and adaptive behaviors. Based on the contrast between FraX+Aut and non-autistic FraX and DLD+Aut, we were able to identify measures (e.g., child behavior checklist (CBCL) withdrawn subscale) that better define social interaction impairment in FraX. Comparisons with DLD+Aut and IA led to the conclusion that communication impairment (COMM) and stereotypic behavior contribute relatively more to the diagnosis of autism in FraX+Aut. In agreement with recent studies, our data suggest that FraX+Aut, and more generally SBP, is a distinctive subphenotype among boys with FraX, which may share some pathophysiological mechanisms with IA.
Sub-wavelength grating mode transformers in silicon slab waveguides (2009)

We report on several new types of sub-wavelength grating (SWG) gradient index structures for efficient mode coupling in high index contrast slab waveguides. Using a SWG, an adiabatic transition is achieved at the interface between silicon-on-insulator waveguides of different geometries. The SWG transition region minimizes both fundamental mode mismatch loss and coupling to higher order modes. By creating the gradient effective index region in the direction of propagation, we demonstrate that efficient vertical mode transformation can be achieved between slab waveguides of different core thickness. The structures which we propose can be fabricated by a single etch step. Using 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations we study the loss, polarization dependence and the higher order mode excitation for two types (triangular and triangular-transverse) of SWG transition regions between silicon-on-insulator slab waveguides of different core thicknesses. We demonstrate two solutions to reduce the polarization dependent loss of these structures. Finally, we propose an implementation of SWG structures to reduce loss and higher order mode excitation between a slab waveguide and a phase array of an array waveguide grating (AWG). Compared to a conventional AWG, the loss is reduced from -1.4 dB to < -0.2 dB at the slab-array interface.
Dynamic calibration and zero configuration positioning system for WSN (2008)

Indoor localization is of key importance in many areas of application and market sectors. There are many approaches to solve the problem, based on optical, ultrasound or radiofrequency measurements. RF has been increasingly used with the deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on standards like WiFi, Bluetooth or Zigbee, so that additional hardware is not required for localization. A desirable characteristic in these systems are the zero configuration and dynamic calibration features. Based in these two characteristics, some methods have already been developed for WiFi and Bluetooth standards. In this paper a dynamic calibration localization system for WSN is presented, focused on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Quite robust experimental results have been obtained from a prototype developed on Tmote Sky devices.
The cavitation collapse on a sub-ns time scale (1999)

A single sonoluminescing air bubble trapped in the pressure maximum of a resonant sound field in water is an ideal model system to investigate the end phase of the cavitation collapse. The dynamics of these single bubbles can be characterized with Mie-scattering. In earlier experiments, the scattered light was detected with photomultiplier tubes (PMT) where the time resolution is limited by the response of the PMT and no spatial resolution is possible. Using a streak camera, the scattered light can be recorded with high spatial and temporal resolution. The streak images show that at the minimum radius the scattered light intensity is not only a function of R(t) anymore, and the changes in the refractive indices inside the bubble and in the highly compressed water surrounding the bubble have to be considered. Together with the width and intensity of the emitted light pulses, the results represent a complete data set for the end phase of the bubble collapse.
Manganese-Catalyzed Borylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides (2016)

The use of low-cost manganese(II) bromide (MnBr2) and tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) catalyzes the cross coupling of (bis)pinacolatodiboron with a wide range of alkyl halides, demonstrating the first manganese-catalyzed coupling with alkyl electrophiles. This method allows access to primary, secondary, and tertiary boronic esters from the parent chlorides, which were previously inaccessible as coupling partners. The reaction proceeds in high yield with as little as 1000 ppm catalyst loading, while 5 mol % can provide high yields in as little as 30 min. Finally, radical-clock experiments revealed that at 0 °C direct borylation outcompetes alternative radical processes, thereby providing synthetically useful, temperature-controlled reaction outcomes.
Pulsed Current Gas Metal Arc Welding under Different Shielding and Pulse Parameters; Part 1: Arc Characteristics (2009)

The variation of arc characteristics with respect to its profile under Ar+2%CO2, Ar+18%CO2 and argon gas shielding and the stability of gas shielding with variation in pulse parameters have been studied by video-graphy of arc environment during P-GMA weld deposition using mild steel filler wire. The effect of pulse parameters has been studied by considering their hypothetically proposed summarized influence defined by a dimensionless factor, φ=[(Ib/Ip)ftb], mean current and arc voltage. The measured root diameter, projected diameter and length have been measured and correlated to the P-GMA welding parameters under different gas shielding. It has been observed that the arc characteristics with respect to its shape and spreading over the weld significantly vary with φ, mean current and arc voltage giving due consideration to the shielding environment. The use of Ar+2%CO2 gas shielding appreciably reduces the DR but enhances the DP and L with respect to that observed under Ar+18%CO2 and argon gas shielding.
Full Wave Characterization Analysis of Entire Vias in High Speed Printed Circuit Board (2009)

The entire via is decomposed into exterior structure and interior structure.Then the exterior structure is decomposed into short circuit and wire antenna problems,and the interior structure is decomposed into several single-layer vertical vias.Different full wave analyses are used in different decomposed parts separately.Full wave charaterization analysis of the entire via is completed when all decomposed parts are related by continuity of corresponding electric currents.The scattering matrix and loss comparison of three different vias are given.The produced reason of loss is also analyzed.
Optimized Microcavity and Photonic Crystal Parameters of GaN-Based Ultrathin-Film Light-Emitting Diodes for Highly Directional Beam Profiles (2010)

This study experimentally investigates the highly directional far-field emission distributions of GaN ultrathin-film light-emitting diodes (uTFLEDs) with optimized microcavity thickness and photonic crystal (PhC) parameters. Results show that directionality depends on guided mode extraction behaviors and strong microcavity effects. The proposed GaN PhC uTFLED exhibited an output power extraction efficiency enhancement of 278% ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}3.78\times$</tex></formula> ) compared to GaN non-PhC uTFLED, and produced a directional far-field emission pattern at half intensity near <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm}$</tex></formula> 17 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> .
Design and Synthesis of Highly Reactive Dienophiles for the Tetrazine– <i>trans-</i> Cyclooctene Ligation (2011)

Computation was used to design a trans-cyclooctene derivative that displays enhanced reactivity in the tetrazine-trans-cycloctene ligation. The optimized derivative is an (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-ene with a cis-ring fusion, in which the eight-membered ring is forced to adopt a highly strained 'half-chair' conformation. Toward 3,6-dipyridyl-s-tetrazine in MeOH at 25 °C, the strained derivative is 19 and 27 times more reactive than the parent trans-cyclooctene and 4E-cyclooct-4-enol, respectively. Toward 3,6-diphenyl-s-tetrazine in MeOH at 25 °C, the strained derivative is 160 times more reactive than the parent trans-cyclooctene.
CELL-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION IN PLANTS (1990)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
4-Oxo Retinoic Acid for Refractory Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Children with All-Trans Retinoic Acid Therapy. (1995)

Therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) achieves complete remission in a high proportion of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the efficacy is reported to relate to plasma ATRA level after oral administration. The pharmacokinetics of ATRA and 4-oxo all-trans retinoic acid (4-oxo ATRA), a metabolite of ATRA, were studied in four children with APL at the time of initial oral administration. After administration of ATRA at a dose of 30 mg/m2, the peak plasma ATRA level was 20-741 ng/ml and was reached at 60-120 min. The patient with the lowest peak plasma level did not achieve complete remission and had a very high 4-oxo ATRA level compared to the patients with complete remission. These findings suggest that accelerated metabolism of ATRA plays a role in the failure of this agent in the patients without remission.
Addressing COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on Civil Aviation Operations [August 17, 2020] (2020)

From the Document: COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has had a large impact on civil aviation, particularly commercial passenger airline operations The combination of travel restrictions;state and local mandates to stay at home, shelter-in-place, and self-quarantine after travel from certain areas;and public concerns over the risk of contracting COVID-19 from travel-related activities has resulted in a significant decrease in air travel demand since March 2020 Passenger air travel is not expected to return to 2019 levels until 2023 at the earliest
The hopelessness theory of depression: Attributional aspects (1988)

In this article, we clarify, expand and revise the basic postulates of the hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson, Alloy & Metalsky, 1988a; Abramson, Metalsky & Alloy, 1987, 1988b; previously referred to as the reformulated helplessness theory of depression: Abramson, Seligman & Teasdale, 1978) and place the theory more explicitly in the context of work in descriptive psychiatry about the heterogeneity among the depressive disorders. We suggest that the hopelessness theory hypothesizes the existence in nature of an, as yet, unidentified subtype of depression--'hopelessness depression'--defined, in part, by its cause. We then give a critique of work conducted to test the hopelessness theory and explicate the limitations in research strategy associated with this line of work. Our critique includes a logical analysis that deduces the conceptual and methodological inadequacies of the research strategies used to test the theory. Finally, we suggest more adequate research strategies for testing the hopelessness theory and discuss conceptual and assessment issues that will arise in conducting such tests with special emphasis on attributional styles.
Macroglobulin from Human Plasma Which Forms an Enzymatically Active Compound with Trypsin (1964)

The protein from human plasma which forms an enzymatically active complex with trypsin and is able to protect trypsin from inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor has been shown to be an alpha(2)-macroglobulin. It was obtained from the lipid-poor euglobulin of Cohn Fraction III-0, and appears to be closely related to the 19S-glycoprotein or alpha(2)macroglobulin