gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network element management architecture for the 7 R/E™ Trunk Access Gateway (2002)

The rapid growth and complexity of integrated broadband networks has engendered a broad repertoire of sophisticated network management systems. Network management is the process of initializing, configuring, monitoring, and modifying the operations of complex service provider and enterprise networks to maximize their efficiency and productivity. Element management, a part of network management, focuses on proper operation of individual network elements or a collection of network elements. Due to the element management system's close association with individual network elements, its design, functionality, and architecture are heavily influenced by underlying networking technologies. Lucent Technologies' 7 R/E™ Trunk Access Gateway (TAG), previously known as the PacketStar™ Voice Gateway, integrates the functionality and features of traditional circuit switching with advanced packet switching techniques to provide end-to-end converged multimedia solutions. Accordingly, the TAG Element Management System (EMS) must satisfy the operational requirements of both voice and data service providers. This paper discusses the various functional requirements and standardized technologies and the implementation architecture of element management, focusing on the 7 R/E TAG EMS. It describes the challenges of managing an integrated gateway element and explains how the flexibility and efficiency of the TAG EMS help to support service provider operations.
Sindbis Virus Vectors Designed To Express a Foreign Protein as a Cleavable Component of the Viral Structural Polyprotein (2003)

Alphavirus-based expression vectors commonly use a duplicated 26S promoter to drive expression of a foreign gene. Here we describe an expression strategy in which the foreign sequences are linked to the gene encoding the 2A protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus and then inserted in frame between the capsid and E3 genes of Sindbis virus. During replication, the 2A fusion protein is synthesized as a component of the viral structural polyprotein that is then released by intramolecular cleavages mediated by the capsid and 2A proteases. Recombinant Sindbis viruses that expressed fusion proteins composed of 2A linked to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and to the VP7 protein of bluetongue virus were constructed. Viruses engineered to express GFP and VP7 from a duplicate 26S promoter were also constructed. All four viruses expressed the transgene and grew to similar titers in cultured cells. However, the GFP/2A- and VP7/2A-expressing viruses displayed greater expression stability and were less attenuated in newborn mice than the cognate double-subgenomic promoter-based viruses. By combining the two expression strategies, we constructed bivalent viruses that incorporated and expressed both transgenes. The bivalent viruses grew to lower titers in cultured cells and were essentially avirulent in newborn mice. Groups of mice were vaccinated with each VP7- and VP7/2A-expressing virus, and antibody responses to native VP7 were measured in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Despite their genetic and phenotypic differences, all viruses induced similarly high titers of VP7-specific antibodies. These results demonstrate that 2A fusion protein-expressing alphaviruses may be particularly well suited for applications that require enduring expression of a single protein or coexpression of two alternative proteins.
Antigen presentation by the BCL1 murine B cell line: <i>in vitro</i> stimulation by LPS. (1984)

We examined the antigen-presenting capacity of BCL1 tumor cells, which are capable of differentiating in vitro with respect to immunoglobulin synthesis/secretion under the influence of LPS. In vivo passaged BCL1 cells depleted of host cell contamination either by positive selection employing panning with anti-lambda reagents, or by elimination of latex-ingesting adherent cells, are capable of MHC-restricted antigen presentation to a GAT-immune T cell line. The BCL1 cells act as antigen-presenting cells when freshly explanted, but gradual loss of this function occurs, and cells cultured for 3.5 days cannot present antigen unless LPS is included during the culture period. BCL1 cells are equivalently Ia+ after the culture period with or without LPS stimulation. Other B cell lines capable of antigen presentation appear to express this trait constitutively, and the in vivo passaged BCL1 line is therefore unique among B cell lines in having antigen-presenting cell function that can be modulated. The data suggest that freshly explanted or LPS-cultured BCL1 cells are heterogeneous with respect to antigen-presenting capacity, and the basis for this heterogeneity is being sought. BCL1 offers an opportunity to study requirements for antigen presentation by B cells.
Multiview panoramic cameras using mirror pyramids (2004)

A mirror pyramid consists of a set of planar mirror faces arranged around an axis of symmetry and inclined to form a pyramid. By strategically positioning a number of conventional cameras around a mirror pyramid, the viewpoints of the cameras' mirror images can be located at a single point within the pyramid and their optical axes pointed in different directions to effectively form a virtual camera with a panoramic field of view. Mirror pyramid-based panoramic cameras have a number of attractive properties, including single-viewpoint imaging, high resolution, and video rate capture. It is also possible to place multiple viewpoints within a single mirror pyramid, yielding compact designs for simultaneous multiview panoramic video rate imaging. Nalwa [4] first described some of the basic ideas behind mirror pyramid cameras. In this paper, we analyze the general class of multiview panoramic cameras, provide a method for designing these cameras, and present experimental results using a prototype we have developed to validate single-pyramid multiview designs. We first give a description of mirror pyramid cameras, including the imaging geometry, and investigate the relationship between the placement of viewpoints within the pyramid and the cameras' field of view (FOV), using simulations to illustrate the concepts. A method for maximizing sensor utilization in a mirror pyramid-based multiview panoramic camera is also presented. Images acquired using the experimental prototype for two viewpoints are shown.
A Role for TLR4 in Clostridium difficile Infection and the Recognition of Surface Layer Proteins (2011)

Clostridium difficile is the etiological agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis in humans. The role of the surface layer proteins (SLPs) in this disease has not yet been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate a role for SLPs in the recognition of C. difficile and the subsequent activation of the immune system. Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) exposed to SLPs were assessed for production of inflammatory cytokines, expression of cell surface markers and their ability to generate T helper (Th) cell responses. DCs isolated from C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice were used in order to examine whether SLPs are recognised by TLR4. The role of TLR4 in infection was examined in TLR4-deficient mice. SLPs induced maturation of DCs characterised by production of IL-12, TNFα and IL-10 and expression of MHC class II, CD40, CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, SLP-activated DCs generated Th cells producing IFNγ and IL-17. SLPs were unable to activate DCs isolated from TLR4-mutant C3H/HeJ mice and failed to induce a subsequent Th cell response. TLR4⁻/⁻ and Myd88⁻/⁻, but not TRIF⁻/⁻ mice were more susceptible than wild-type mice to C. difficile infection. Furthermore, SLPs activated NFκB, but not IRF3, downstream of TLR4. Our results indicate that SLPs isolated from C. difficile can activate innate and adaptive immunity and that these effects are mediated by TLR4, with TLR4 having a functional role in experimental C. difficile infection. This suggests an important role for SLPs in the recognition of C. difficile by the immune system.
Combining Kalman filtering and mean shift for real time eye tracking under active IR illumination (2003)

Most eye trackers based on active IR illumination require distinctive bright pupil effect to work well. In this paper, we present a new real time eye tracking methodology that works under variable and realistic lighting conditions and various face orientations. By combining the conventional appearance based object recognition method (SVM) and object tracking method (mean shift) with Kalman filtering based on active IR illumination, our technique is able to benefit from the strengths of different techniques and overcome their respective limitations. Experimental study shows significant improvement of our technique over the existing techniques.
Reactive Ion-Beam Etching of Silicon Carbide (1981)

A reactive ion-beam etching technique using freon gas is developed for microfabrication in SiC. The enhancement of the etching rate of SiC is apparent by admixing O 2 gas in CF 4 gas. The etching rate of SiC for CF 4 +O 2 (40%) gas is about 2 times larger than that for Ar gas. This technique appears to be very useful for producing various devices of SiC.
Far-Field Spectral Analysis of a Space Shuttle Vernier Reaction Control System Firing (2006)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Neurite Outgrowth and Protein Phosphorylation in Chick Embryonic Sensory Ganglia Induced by a Brief Exposure to 12‐<i>O</i>‐Tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐Acetate (1993)

An exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) at 20 nM for as short as 30 min was sufficient to elicit neurite outgrowth from explanted chick embryonic sensory ganglia. Attachment of the ganglia to the collagen-coated substratum during exposure to TPA was essential for subsequent neurite outgrowth. Pulse-labeling with [35S]-methionine indicated no significant difference in protein synthesis between control and TPA-treated ganglia. In vitro phosphorylation assay revealed a prominent protein kinase C substrate with an apparent molecular mass of 66,000 dalton (66 kDa) in chick embryo ganglia extracts. Treatment of intact ganglia with TPA for 30 min also specifically stimulated the phosphorylation of the same protein. When staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, was present during TPA treatment, both neurite outgrowth and the phosphorylation of the 66-kDa protein were blocked. Biochemical analysis of the phosphorylated 66-kDa protein indicated that (1) phosphorylation was only in serine residue, (2) the pI value was 4.5, (3) after V8 protease digestion, two phosphorylated peptide fragments, 6.0 and 7.5 kDa in size, were produced, and (4) it cross-reacted with an antiserum raised against a 66-kDa neurofilament subunit from rat spinal cord. These results suggest that early activation of protein kinase C and the phosphorylation of the 66-kDa protein may be involved in neuritogenesis.
STUDIES OF ASYMMETRY IN THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF LOBSTER D-GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (1975)

An improved electron density map of lobster holo-D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been computed to 2.9 A resolution based on two heavy atom isomorphous derivatives. This has been averaged only over the Q molecular 2-fold axis, which is known to be exact in the human holoenzyme. The map showed possible asymmetry between the subunits in which the active centers are closely related across the R axis (that is, between the red and green or between the yellow and blue subunits). A difference map between the electron density of citrate and sulfate-soaked crystals gave further evidence for possible asymmetry. The major differences of electron density between R axis-related subunits appear around the active center and suggest the following interpretations. 1. The conformation of the adenine about the glycosidic bond is the more frequently observed anti with a C-2' endo conformation for the ribose ring in the red and yellow subunits, but is probably syn with a C-3' endo conformation in the green and blue subunits.2. The adenine ribose has its 3'-hydroxyl group hydrogen-bonded to a main chain carbonyl group in the red and yellow subunits but not in the green and blue subunits, as a consequence of the differing ribose conformations. 3. Cysteine-149 is more closely associated with histidine-176 in the green and blue subunits, and appears nearer the nicotinamide in the red and yellow subunits.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation, Vinylation, and Allenylation of <i>tert</i>-Cyclobutanols via Enantioselective C−C Bond Cleavage (2003)

A novel enantioselective C-C bond cleavage has been achieved using palladium catalysts and chiral N,P-bidentate ligands in the asymmetric arylation, vinylation, and allenylation of tert-cyclobutanols. In these reactions, the enantioselective beta-carbon elimination of Pd(II) alcoholate formed in situ is the key step. Treatment of tert-cyclobutanols with arylating reagents in toluene in the presence of Pd(OAc)(2), a chiral ferrocene-containing N,P-bidentate ligand, and Cs(2)CO(3) affords optically active gamma-arylated ketones in excellent yields with high enantioselectivity (up to 95% ee). When vinylating reagents are used in place of arylating ones, the asymmetric vinylation also proceeds to afford optically active gamma-vinylated ketones in high yields with good to high enantioselectivity. When propargylic acetates are used, which are known to generate (sigma-allenyl)palladium complexes with Pd(0) species, asymmetric allenylation occurs to afford optically active gamma-allenylated ketones in moderate to good yields with moderate to high enantioselectivity.
Use of light in seed potato storage (1987)

Use of light in seed potato storage , Use of light in seed potato storage , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
ChemInform Abstract: Powerful Claisen Condensation and Claisen—Aldol Tandem Reaction of α,α‐Dialkylated Esters Promoted by ZrCl<sub>4</sub>—iPr<sub>2</sub>NEt. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The IL-15-based superagonist ALT-803 promotes the antigen-independent conversion of memory CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells into innate-like effector cells with antitumor activity (2013)

ALT-803, an interleukin-15-based superagonist, induces memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to proliferate, upregulate receptors involved in innate immunity, secrete interferon γ and acquire the ability to kill malignant cells in the absence of antigenic stimulation. Thus, ALT-803 can promote the expansion and activation of memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells while converting them into innate immune effector cells that exhibit robust antineoplastic activity.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy (2009)

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy (TIRFM) is an elegant optical technique that provides for the excitation of fluorophores in an extremely thin axial region ("optical section"). The method is based on the principle that when excitation light is totally internally reflected in a transparent solid (e.g., coverglass) at its interface with liquid, an electromagnetic field, called the evanescent wave, is generated in the liquid at the solid-liquid interface and is the same frequency as the excitation light. Since the intensity of the evanescent wave exponentially decays with distance from the surface of the solid, only fluorescent molecules within a few hundred nanometers of the solid are efficiently excited. This unit will briefly review the history, optical theory, and different hardware configurations used in TIRFM. In addition, it will provide experimental details and methodological considerations for studying receptors at the plasma membrane in neurons.
PAM4 vs Coherent for DCI Applications (2017)

We explain data center interconnect (DCI) use cases and analyze coherent and direct detect transponder technologies to address current and future data center operator needs. Recent research results and standardization activities will be discussed.
STEMI Patients—The More You Bleed, the More You Die: A Comparison Between Classifications (2011)

In STEMI patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention and receive dual antiplatelet therapy, TIMI is more capable than ACUITY in identifying patients with major bleeding at higher risk for early mortality. The presence of renal failure represents an independent predictor for major bleeding.
Abundant Respirable Ergot Alkaloids from the Common Airborne Fungus <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2005)

Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins that interact with several monoamine receptors, negatively affecting cardiovascular, nervous, reproductive, and immune systems of exposed humans and animals. Aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus and opportunistic human pathogen, can produce ergot alkaloids in broth culture. The objectives of this study were to determine if A. fumigatus accumulates ergot alkaloids in a respirable form in or on its conidia, to quantify ergot alkaloids associated with conidia produced on several different substrates, and to measure relevant physical properties of the conidia. We found at least four ergot alkaloids, fumigaclavine C, festuclavine, fumigaclavine A, and fumigaclavine B (in order of abundance), associated with conidia of A. fumigatus. Under environmentally relevant conditions, the total mass of ergot alkaloids often constituted >1% of the mass of the conidium. Ergot alkaloids were extracted from conidia produced on all media tested, and the greatest quantities were observed when the fungus was cultured on latex paint or cultured maize seedlings. The values for physical properties of conidia likely to affect their respirability (i.e., diameter, mass, and specific gravity) were significantly lower for A. fumigatus than for Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Stachybotrys chartarum. The demonstration of relatively high concentrations of ergot alkaloids associated with conidia of A. fumigatus presents opportunities for investigations of potential contributions of the toxins to adverse health effects associated with the fungus and to aspects of the biology of the fungus that contribute to its success.
Corporate reputation: seeking a definition (2001)

This article reviews different viewpoints in the marketing literature in an attempt to clearly define the concept of corporate reputation and identify its relationship with corporate image. Definitions offered for the term corporate reputation by marketing academics and practitioners are therefore merged into two dominant schools of thought. These include the analogous school of thought, which views corporate reputation as synonymous with corporate image, and the differentiated school of thought, which considers the terms to be different and, according to the majority of the authors, interrelated. This article argues that on balance, the weight of literature suggests that there is a dynamic, bilateral relationship between a firm’s corporate reputations and its projected corporate images. Future research is therefore encouraged to explore how corporate reputations influence and are influenced by all the ways in which the company projects its images: its behaviour, communication and symbolism.
An accurate computation of the hypergeometric distribution function (1993)

The computation of the cumulative hypergeometric distribution function is of interest to many researchers who are working in the computational sciences and related areas. Presented here is a new method for computing this function that applies prime number factorization to the factorials. We also apply cancellation to the numerator and denominator to reduce the computational complexity of the initial, the tail end, or weighted probabilities to achieve maximum accuracy. The new method includes two algorithms, one using recursion and the other using iteration. These two algorithms are machine independent; precision is arbitrary, subject to storage limitation. The development of the algorithms is discussed, and some test results and the comparison of these two algorithms are given. To implement both algorithms, we use the Ada programming language that is an American National Standard Institute standardized language. The language has special features such as exception handling and tasks . Exception handling is used to make programming easier and to prevent overflow or underflow conditions during the execution of the program. Tasks are used to compute the numerator and denominator concurrently, and to maximize the possible number of integer multiplications in the numerator and denominator. All of the computations can be done on currently available machines, and the time consumed by these computations remains reasonably small.
Defect characterization of cBN single crystals grown under HP/HT (2004)

The defects of cBN single crystals were characterized by their optical absorption and etch-pit density. The crystals were synthesized by using temperature gradient method under high pressure. Compounds of alkali metal and/or alkali earth metal–boron nitride and metal of Ni–Al alloy were used as solvent for the crystal growth. Recovered crystals exhibited a variety of colors and crystalline natures, which were characterized by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Chemical treatment was applied to the typically grown crystals so as to evaluate their etch-pit density. Colorless crystals obtained by using Ba–BN solvent system revealed superior properties showing high optical transmittance as well as lower etch-pit density of the order of 104/cm2. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model based spectrum prediction (2002)

This paper presents methods for speech spectrum prediction based on Gaussian mixture models. Spectrum prediction may be useful in a packet transmission system where the sensitivity to packet losses is a major problem. Models of speech are trained by the expectation maximization algorithm using pairs, triples etc. of consecutive cepstral vectors. The models are used to design first, second etc. order predictors. The prediction schemes are evaluated using the spectral distortion criterion and compared to a simple reference method. The best prediction scheme obtains an average spectral distortion that is 0.46 dB less than for the reference method.
Anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies in patients without clinical polymyositis or scleroderma. (1996)

Anti-PM/Scl may be a marker for atypical or subclinical presentations of the usually associated disease, or this autoantibody may precede expression of the underlying disease. The antibody may also be present in patients who never express PM, SSc, or PM/SSc. Anti-PM/Scl without the usually described illnesses is not uncommon in our series of 55 patients with anti-PM/Scl.