gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON MODELINGDesign in the age of biology (2008)

column Share on ON MODELINGDesign in the age of biology: shifting from a mechanical-object ethos to an organic-systems ethos Author: Hugh Dubberly Dubberly Design Office Dubberly Design OfficeView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 15Issue 5September + October 2008 pp 35–41https://doi.org/10.1145/1390085.1390092Online:01 September 2008Publication History 11citation745DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads745Last 12 Months141Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Identification of Fetal Liver Tyrosine Kinase 3 (Flt3) Ligand Domain Required for Receptor Binding and Function Using Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms (2000)

We used a comparative approach to identify the fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3) ligand structure required for binding and function. Two conserved bovine flt3 ligand isoforms, which differ in a defined region within the extracellular domain, were identified and shown to be uniformly transcribed in individuals with diverse MHC haplotypes. Notably, at the amino acid level, the extracellular domain of the bovine flt3 ligand isoform 1 is 81 and 72% identical with the extracellular domains of the human and murine flt3 ligands, respectively, whereas isoform-2 has a deletion within this domain. Bovine flt3 ligand isoform 1, but not 2, bound the human flt3 receptor and stimulated murine pro B cells transfected with the murine flt3 receptor. This retention of binding and function allowed definition of key residues by identifying sequences conserved among species. We have shown that a highly conserved, 18 aa sequence within the flt3 ligand extracellular domain is required for flt3 receptor binding and function. However, a peptide representing this sequence is insufficient for receptor binding as demonstrated by its failure to inhibit the bovine flt3 ligand isoform 1 binding to the human flt3 receptor. The requirement for flanking structure was confirmed by testing bovine flt3 ligand isoform 1 constructs truncated at specific residues outside the 18 aa sequence. Overall, the flt3 ligand structure required for function is markedly similar to that of the related hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor. This definition of the required flt3 ligand structure will facilitate development of agonists to enhance dendritic cell recruitment for vaccines and immunotherapy.
Main factors affecting the online service satisfaction -an empirical study in China (2014)

Online service quality has a significant influence on many important aspects of electronic commerce (e-commerce). However, there are few quantitative studies on the investigation of the main affecting factors of the online service quality focused on the market in China, which is one of the developing countries with the highest online population growth. This paper is an attempt to identify the main factors affecting the online service satisfaction of the e-commerce websites in China, and Fisher's exact test is applied to identify the main affecting factors of online service satisfaction. The results could be the guideline for the e-commerce companies in terms of improving their online service.
Spectral analysis and adaptive array superresolution techniques (1980)

Recent nonlinear "superresolution" techniques reported in the field of spectral analysis are of great interest in other fields as well, including radio-frequency (RF) adaptive array antenna systems. This paper is primarily a "cross-fertilization" treatise which takes the two most popular nonlinear techniques, the Burg maximum entropy method and the maximum likelihood method, and relates them to their similar nonlinear adaptive array antenna counterparts, which consist of the generic sidelobe canceller and directional gain constraint techniques. The comparison analysis permits an examination of their principles of operation from the antenna spatial pattern viewpoint, and helps to qualify, their actual superresolution performance. A summary of the resolution performance of several adaptive algorithms against multiple-incoherent sources is provided, including a universal graph of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus source separation in beamwidths for the case of two equal-strength sources. Also, a significant dividend in the easy resolution of unequal-strength sources is reported. The superresolution of coherent spatial sources or radar targets is more difficult for these techniques, but successful results have been obtained whenever sufficient relative motion or "Doppler cycles" are available. Two alternate adaptive spatial spectrum estimators are suggested, consisting of a circular array predicting to its center point, and a new "thermal noise" algorithm.
Calcium fluxes and calcium buffering in human neutrophils. (1986)

Neutrophils loaded with the calcium indicator quin-2 and challenged with the ionophore ionomycin or the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe were examined in the light of a theory that relates time-dependent changes in the fluorescence of the indicator to cytosolic calcium fluxes and levels. The cytosolic binding capacity was estimated from the theory to be 1.5 +/- 0.6 X 10(8) sites/cell (0.76 mM based on a cell volume of 330 micron 3, irrespective of water content and the distribution of sites), each site having an apparent average single class dissociation constant of 0.55 +/- 0.2 microM. Some 20% of the total available cytosolic calcium sites of the normal resting cell appear to be occupied when no quin-2 is present. In a calcium-free medium, the amount of calcium released by fMet-Leu-Phe from storage pool locations that are distinct from the cytosolic sites is sufficient to further raise the cytosolic site occupancy level to 50%, at which point the calcium buffering capacity of the cytosol is maximal. In a calcium-containing medium, however, simultaneous influx from the outside appears to supply enough additional calcium to saturate most of the remaining sites. The combined initial rate of storage pool calcium release plus influx through the plasma membrane was roughly twice the initial rate at which calcium was released from storage locations alone, suggesting that stimulus-induced influx from the outside may be comparable in importance to storage pool mobilization in determining physiological calcium levels in stimulated cells.
Carrier-current communication on submarine cables: Los Angeles-Catalina Island telephone circuits (1926)

Seven telephone channels and one telegraph channel on one single-conductor deep-sea cable have been made possible by the employment of carrier current on one of the two submarine cables across Catalina channel. This is the only application of carrier telephony to deep-sea cables; the system is the shortest carrier system (26 mi.) in commercial operation; it provides more separate carrier channels (six) than has been previously attempted; and it differs in other important respects from other systems. This paper describes this carrier-current system.
<title>Hierarchical motion estimation using binary pyramid with three-scale tilings</title> (1998)

In this paper, a hierarchical motion estimation algorithm using a binary pyramid (HMEBP) with 3-scale tilings is proposed. In the HMEBP scheme, motion estimation is performed using three block sizes in the real domain at the topmost layer. At the intermediate layers, each candidate motion vector is refined in the binary domain at three different scales and the best motion vector from each scale is propagated to the next layer for further refinement. At the lowest layer, one motion vector is selected for refinement for each macroblock based on minimizing the motion-compensated predicted error. The proposed techniques reduces computational complexity greatly compared with the full search because motion estimation in the binary domain only involves Boolean logic operations. This results in a substantial reduction in hardware complexity. Simulations on three MPEG sequences show the performance of the HMEBP is comparable with the full search.
Inhibition of transcription factor NF-κB reduces matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -9 production by vascular smooth muscle cells (2001)

NF-kappaB is required for cytokine upregulation of MMP-1, -3 and -9 in VSMCs, which suggests that NF-kappaB inhibition may promote plaque stabilisation.
Industrial and Political Development in the Weimar Republic (1974)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Identification of companion legumes for midmar Italian ryegrass (1987)

Abstract In a preliminary investigation seven legumes were planted alone and in combination with Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar. The pure stands of legumes were harvested at either four, five or six week cutting intervals, while the pure stands of Lolium multiflorum and the ryegrass/legume mixtures received in addition to the cutting treatments 0, 200 or 400 kg N/ha in four equal applications. The ryegrass and legume components were harvested separately for dry matter yield (DM) and crude protein (CP) determinations. Trifolium repens and T. pratense were the most suited companion legumes in terms of DM yield, CP content and the ability to extend the growing season. Ornithopus sativus and T. vesiculosum were the most suited annual legumes to grow in combination with L. multiflorum. Nitrogen had a far stronger positive effect on the DM yields and CP content than cutting interval, with the pure stands of L. multiflorum responding the most to nitrogen. The legume DM yields were adversely affected by the addition of nitrogen and by lengthening of the cutting interval. The incorporation of legumes into a ryegrass sward had the greatest positive effect on DM yields and CP content and yield when no nitrogen was applied and when harvested at six week intervals. Dry matter yields of the mixtures were only slightly reduced when half the maximum amount of nitrogen was applied.
Near-Infrared Properties of Quasar and Seyfert Host Galaxies (1995)

We present near-infrared images of nearly 100 host galaxies of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Our quasar sample is comprised of the 50 quasars from the Palomar Green Bright Quasar Survey with redshifts z\≤ 0.3. We have restricted the redshift range to ensure adequate spatial resolution, galaxy detectability, and minimal distance-dependent effects, while still giving a large sample of objects. For lower-luminosity AGN we have chosen to image the CfA Seyfert sample. This sample is composed of 48 Seyferts, roughly equally divided among types 1, 1.5-1.9, and 2. This sample was spectroscopically selected, and, therefore, is not biased towards Seyferts with significant star formation. Taken together, these samples allow a statistical look at the continuity of host-galaxy properties over a factor of 10,000 in nuclear luminosity. We find the near-infrared light to be a good tracer of luminous mass in these galaxies. The Seyferts are found in galaxies of type S0 to Sc. The radio quiet quasars live in similar kinds of galaxies spanning the same range of mass centered around L*. However, for the most luminous quasars, there is a correlation between the minimum host-galaxy mass and the luminosity of the active nucleus. Radio-loud quasars are generally found in hosts more massive than an L* galaxy. We also detect a population of low-mass host galaxies with very low-luminosity Seyfert nuclei. The low luminosity quasars and the Seyferts both tend to lie in host galaxies seen preferentially face-on, which suggests there is a substantial amount of obscuration coplanar with the galaxian disk. The obscuration must be geometrically thick (thickness-to-radius ~1) and must cover a significant fraction of the narrow line region (r>100 pc). We have examined our images for signs of perturbations that could drive fuel toward the galaxy nucleus, but there are none we can identify at a significant level. The critical element for fueling is evidently not reflected clearly in the large scale distribution of luminous mass in the galaxy. We also present an infrared image of the jet of 3C 273 and compare it to visible and radio images from the literature.
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Using Topological and Directional Information in OWL (2012)

We investigate on potential improvements to reasoning approaches designed for spatial information in OWL. First, we introduce CHOROS, a qualitative spatial reasoning engine for ontologies in OWL. Building upon Pellet Spatial, CHOROS supports consistency checking and query answering for spatial information using Region-Connection Calculus (RCC), but also using the Cone-Shaped Directional (CSD) logic formalism. It works with all RCC and CSD relations in combination with standard RDF/OWL semantic relations in an OWL ontology and can answer SPARQL queries with spatial and non-spatial relations. We also present SOWL, a spatial reasoner for both relation calculi implemented in SWRL and runs under Pellet. We discuss and evaluate possible optimizations of CHOROS and compare its performance with that of SOWL. The experimental results demonstrate that CHOROS runs significantly faster than its respective SWRL implementation in most cases.
ARTEMIS: a 40 Gb/s all-optical self-router using asynchronous bit and packet-level optical signal processing (2005)

We present a 40 Gb/s asynchronous self-routing network and node architecture that exploits bit and packet level optical signal processing to perform synchronization, forwarding and switching. Optical packets are self-routed on a hop-by-hop basis through the network by using stacked optical tags, each representing a specific optical node. Each tag contains control signals for configuring the switching matrix and forwarding each packet to the appropriate outgoing link and onto the next hop. Physical layer simulations are performed, modeling each optical sub-system of the node showing acceptable signal quality and bit error rates. Resource reservation-based signaling algorithms are theoretically modeled for the control plane capable of providing high performance in terms of blocking probability and holding time.
Similarity Preserving Snippet-Based Visualization of Web Search Results (2013)

Internet users are very familiar with the results of a search query displayed as a ranked list of snippets. Each textual snippet shows a content summary of the referred document (or webpage) and a link to it. This display has many advantages, for example, it affords easy navigation and is straightforward to interpret. Nonetheless, any user of search engines could possibly report some experience of disappointment with this metaphor. Indeed, it has limitations in particular situations, as it fails to provide an overview of the document collection retrieved. Moreover, depending on the nature of the query--for example, it may be too general, or ambiguous, or ill expressed--the desired information may be poorly ranked, or results may contemplate varied topics. Several search tasks would be easier if users were shown an overview of the returned documents, organized so as to reflect how related they are, content wise. We propose a visualization technique to display the results of web queries aimed at overcoming such limitations. It combines the neighborhood preservation capability of multidimensional projections with the familiar snippet-based representation by employing a multidimensional projection to derive two-dimensional layouts of the query search results that preserve text similarity relations, or neighborhoods. Similarity is computed by applying the cosine similarity over a "bag-of-words" vector representation of collection built from the snippets. If the snippets are displayed directly according to the derived layout, they will overlap considerably, producing a poor visualization. We overcome this problem by defining an energy functional that considers both the overlapping among snippets and the preservation of the neighborhood structure as given in the projected layout. Minimizing this energy functional provides a neighborhood preserving two-dimensional arrangement of the textual snippets with minimum overlap. The resulting visualization conveys both a global view of the query results and visual groupings that reflect related results, as illustrated in several examples shown.
Cutaneous melanoma: update on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. (2005)

Melanoma is an increasingly common malignancy, and it affects a younger population than most cancers. Risk factors for melanoma include white race, sun sensitivity, family history of melanoma, and melanocytic nevi. Sunburn and intermittent sun exposure appear to increase the risk of developing melanoma. The role of population-based screening for skin cancer remains unclear. Consistent screening results in the diagnosis of thinner melanomas, but there is no evidence that this leads to decreased mortality. The ABCDs--asymmetry, border, color, diameter--can be used as a guide to differentiate melanoma from benign lesions. Suspicious pigmented lesions should undergo full thickness biopsy. Treatment consists of surgical resection, lymph node evaluation, and systemic therapy for some patients. Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis. Patients with melanoma require dose follow-up because they are at risk for recurrence and diagnosis of a second primary tumor. Preventive strategies for melanoma should emphasize seeking shade when outdoors, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding exposure during the peak sunlight hours.
Performance of B3LYP Density Functional Methods for a Large Set of Organic Molecules (2008)

Testing of the commonly used hybrid density functional B3LYP with the 6-31G(d), 6-31G(d,p), and 6-31+G(d,p) basis sets has been carried out for 622 neutral, closed-shell organic compounds containing the elements C, H, N, and O. The focus is comparison of computed and experimental heats of formation and isomerization energies. In addition, the effect of an empirical dispersion correction term has been evaluated and found to improve agreement with the experimental data. For the 622 compounds, the mean absolute errors (MAE) in the heats of formation are 3.1, 2.6, 2.7, and 2.4 kcal/mol for B3LYP/6-31G(d), B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) with the dispersion correction. A diverse set of 34 isomerizations highlights specific issues of general interest, such as performance on differences in steric effects, conjugation, and bonding. The corresponding MAEs for the isomerizations are 2.7, 2.4, 2.2, and 1.9 kcal/mol. Improvement is obtained for isomerizations of amines and alcohols when both polarization and diffuse functions are used, but the overstabilization of linear alkanes compared to branched isomers can be relieved only with the dispersion correction. Besides the insights on DFT methods, the study also aimed to quantify the gains in accuracy that can be achieved by replacing energetics from NDO-based semiempirical methods with DFT results. Since the MAEs obtained with the PDDG/PM3 method for the 622 heats of formation and 34 isomerizations are 2.8 and 2.3 kcal/mol, negligible advantage in accuracy for the B3LYP-based methods emerged in the absence of the dispersion corrections.
Glycolipid precursors for the membrane anchor of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoproteins. (1990)

A number of eukaryotic surface glycoproteins, in- cluding the variant surface glycoproteins of Trypano- soma brucei, are synthesized with a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic peptide extension that is cleaved and re- placed by a complex glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor within l-5 min of the comple- tion of polypeptide synthesis. The rapidity of this car- boxyl-terminal modification suggests the existence of a prefabricated precursor glycolipid that can be trans- ferred en bloc to the polypeptide. We have reported the purification and partial characterization of a candidate precursor glycolipid (P2) and of a compositionally sim- ilar glycolipid (P3) from T. brucei (Menon, A. K., Mayor, S., Ferguson, M. A. J., Duszenko, M., and Cross, G. A. M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1970- 1977). The primary structure of the glycan portions of P2 and P3 have now been analyzed by a combination of selective chemical fragmentation and enzymatic gly- can sequencing at the subnanomolar level. The glycans were generated by deamination, NaB3H4 reduction, and dephosphorylation of glycolipids purified from dif- ferent trypanosome variants. Glycan fragments de- rived from biosynthetically labeled glycolipids were also analyzed. The cumulative data strongly suggest that P2 and P3 contain ethanolamine-phosphate- Mana l -2ManLu l -6ManLu 1 -GlcN linked glycosidically to an inositol residue, as do all the GPI anchors that have been structurally characterized. The structural similarities suggest that GPI membrane anchors are derived cram common precursor glycolipids that be- come variably modified during or after addition to newly synthesized proteins. The covalent linkage of a glycosylinositol phospholipid to the carboxyl-terminal amino acid of many eukaryotic cell * This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AI21531 (to A. K. M. and G. A. M. C.), the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Institute, Miami, FL, the Rockefeller University/Oxford University graduate student exchange program (to S. M.), and by the Wellcome Trust and Monsanto Co. (to M. A. J. F., R. A. D.. and T. W. R.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked
Neurotoxicity of acetylcholinesterase amyloid β‐peptide aggregates is dependent on the type of Aβ peptide and the AChE concentration present in the complexes (1999)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose hallmark is the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Senile plaques are mainly composed of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) fibrils and several proteins including acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE has been previously shown to stimulate the aggregation of Abeta1-40 into amyloid fibrils. In the present work, the neurotoxicity of different amyloid aggregates formed in the absence or presence of AChE was evaluated in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Stable AChE-Abeta complexes were found to be more toxic than those formed without the enzyme, for Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42, but not for amyloid fibrils formed with AbetaVal18-Ala, a synthetic variant of the Abeta1-40 peptide. Of all the AChE-Abeta complexes tested the one containing the Abeta1-40 peptide was the most toxic. When increasing concentrations of AChE were used to aggregate the Abeta1-40 peptide, the neurotoxicity of the complexes increased as a function of the amount of enzyme bound to each complex. Our results show that AChE-Abeta1-40 aggregates are more toxic than those of AChE-Abeta1-42 and that the neurotoxicity depends on the amount of AChE bound to the complexes, suggesting that AChE may play a key role in the neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer brain.