gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maritime satellite requirements and utilization (1977)

The basic purpose of this paper is to identify the potential requirements for maritime satellite communication and position fixing as it relates to both present and future operational systems (e.g., MARISAT, INMARSAT, etc.). Particular emphasis is given to the need for position fixing and ship terminal equipment utilization in national waters, as well as other major aspects. Present MARISAT operation and industry evaluation activities are briefly discussed, highlighting a few major programs and some of the potential benefit area thus far generally identified by the users of MARISAT. A comparison is made between satellite communication and the existing MF/HF system, including direct-printing radio telegraph (marine radio telex). From various standpoints, it appears that maritime satellite systems are more desirable than conventional (nontelex) marine telegraph/telephone. In addition, the improved performance, capability, and potential of satellites could outweigh the slightly lower annual traffic and equipment cost for HF marine telex.
Acoustic Multitarget Tracking Using Direction-of-Arrival Batches (2007)

In this paper, we propose a particle filter acoustic direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracker to track multiple maneuvering targets using a state space approach. The particle filter determines its state vector using a batch of DOA estimates. The filter likelihood treats the observations as an image, using template models derived from the state update equation, and also incorporates the possibility of missing data as well as spurious DOA observations. Multiple targets are handled using a partitioned state-vector approach. The particle filter solution is compared with three other methods: the extended Kalman filter, Laplacian filter, and another particle filter that uses the acoustic microphone outputs directly. In addition, we demonstrate an autonomous system for multiple target DOA tracking with automatic target initialization and deletion. The initialization system uses a track-before-detect approach and employs matching pursuit to initialize multiple targets. Computer simulations are presented to compare the performance of the algorithms
Cultural Scripts and Multilingualism in the Sciences. (2012)

The use of a reduced verbal system as ELF English as a lingua franca in the sciences does not appear to be a perfectly adequate way of expressing cultural identities. A modern society should instead enforce, through instruction, the understanding of several national cultural scripts, one’s own and others, and the understanding of the way communication and languages works. Multilingualism and interculture in the scientific world can be made possible by the digital world and its new editorial products.
Cooperation between the <i>Cdk</i> inhibitors <i>p27<sup>KIP1</sup></i> and <i>p57<sup>KIP2</sup></i> in the control of tissue growth and development (1998)

Cell cycle exit is required for terminal differentiation of many cell types. The retinoblastoma protein Rb has been implicated both in cell cycle exit and differentiation in several tissues. Rb is negatively regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The main effectors that down-regulate Cdk activity to activate Rb are not known in the lens or other tissues. In this study, using multiple mutant mice, we show that the Cdk inhibitors p27(KIP1) and p57(KIP2) function redundantly to control cell cycle exit and differentiation of lens fiber cells and placental trophoblasts. These studies demonstrate that p27(KIP1) and p57(KIP2) are critical terminal effectors of signal transduction pathways that control cell differentiation.
A frequency agile 40 Gb/s half rate linear phase detector for data jitter measurement (2005)

A 40 Gb/s half-rate linear phase detector IC for NRZ data, implemented in a 200 GHz f/sub T/, InP DHBT process, with a novel architecture, is described. The IC can be used for clock recovery or jitter measurement. The new architecture has less critical internal timing, and better speed and linearity than previous phase detectors. Half rate operation doubles the allowable propagation delay. Dual outputs alternate in time and combine linearly, allowing overlap without error, resulting in greater linear range. Operation at any rate is possible because no rate-specific delay lines are used. The intrinsic jitter for a 40 Gb/s 2/sup 31/-1 PRBS pattern is 50 mUl pk-pk in a 320 MHz bandwidth.
The WI-1 Adhesin Blocks Phagocyte TNF-α Production, Imparting Pathogenicity on <i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i> (2001)

The WI-1 adhesin is indispensable for pathogenicity of Blastomyces dermatitidis and is thought to promote pulmonary infection by fixing yeast to lung tissue and cells. Recent findings suggest that WI-1 confers pathogenicity by mechanisms in addition to adherence. Here, we investigated whether WI-1 modulates host immunity by altering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Production of TNF-alpha in lung alveolar fluids of mice infected with B. dermatitidis was severalfold higher for WI-1 knockout yeast compared with wild-type yeast, and in vitro coculture of unseparated lung cells with these isogenic yeast disclosed similar differences. Upon coculture with purified macrophages and neutrophils, wild-type yeast blocked TNF-alpha production, yet WI-1 knockout yeast stimulated production. Coating knockout yeast with purified WI-1 converted them from stimulating TNF-alpha production to inhibiting production. Addition of purified WI-1 into stimulated phagocyte cultures led to concentration-dependent inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Neutralization of TNF-alpha in vivo exacerbated experimental pulmonary infection, particularly for the nonpathogenic WI-1 knockout yeast. Inducing increased TNF-alpha levels in the lung by adenovirus-vectored gene therapy controlled infection with wild-type yeast. Thus, the WI-1 adhesin on yeast modulates host immunity through blocking TNF-alpha production by phagocytes, which fosters progression of pulmonary infection.
Applications of transaction processing for session management in multi-media information networks (2003)

Session management of complex multimedia calls a network-provided transaction-oriented service to a client is discussed. The authors suggest a set of goal-oriented policies that modify the all-or-nothing transaction semantics inherent in traditional transaction processing to accommodate more optimistic commit protocols that take corrective actions later if resources are found to be in inconsistent states. The use of semantics-based and nested transactions in allocating network resources is also suggested. These modifications are expected to improve overall resource utilization and reduce latency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cerebellar modulation of ventilatory response to progressive hypercapnia (1994)

The cerebellar contribution to the ventilatory response to progressive hypercapnia was examined in 18 anesthetized tracheotomized spontaneously breathing cats. The absolute values for minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), inspiratory duty cycle (TI/TT), and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were measured. Progressive hypercapnia [35-65 Torr end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2)] was induced using the rebreathing method. The respiratory variables at each level of PETCO2 and the slopes of ventilatory (VT and f) responses to hypercapnia were compared across the intact, decerebellate, and decerebellate-vagotomized preparations. In 12 cats, decerebellation preceded vagotomy, and in 6 cats the order of the surgical procedures was reversed. The results show that, compared with intact control, decerebellation had little effect on respiratory variables when PETCO2 was 30-35 Torr. However, during a hypercapneic challenge (40-65 Torr PETCO2), VE and the slope of the VE response were significantly reduced. Bilateral vagotomy increased VT and decreased f but failed to alter the ventilatory response in the PETCO2 range of 35-55 Torr. However, combination of decerebellation and vagotomy, regardless of the surgical order, severely blunted VE (35-65 Torr PETCO2) and the slopes of VE, VT and f responses. When decerebellation followed vagotomy, significant decreases in VT (absolute values and slopes) were noted with little further alteration in f response. We conclude that the cerebellum and its interaction with the vagus nerves play a facilitatory or disinhibitory role in the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia.
Plasma Serotonin in Migraine and Stress (1967)

IN 1961, Sicuteri, Testi, and Anselmi<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that the excretion in the urine of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), the principal catabolite of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT), was increased during some attacks of migraine headache. This was confirmed by Curran, Hinterberger, and Lance<sup>2</sup>in the majority of patients studied whereas Curzon, Theaker, and Phillips<sup>3</sup>were able to find such a correlation in only two out of nine migrainous subjects. Interest in the possible relationship of serotonin to the migraine syndrome had quickened following Sicuteri's preliminary trial of methysergide, a serotonin "antagonist," in the treatment of migraine.<sup>4</sup>The value of methysergide maleate has since been established, although the mechanism of its action is still unexplained.<sup>5</sup>Kimball, Friedman, and Vallejo<sup>6</sup>were unable to produce headache in migrainous subjects by the injection of serotonin or its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Indeed they found that injection of these substances relieved spontaneous migraine headaches. These
Multi-Modal Imitation Learning from Unstructured Demonstrations using Generative Adversarial Nets (2017)

Imitation learning has traditionally been applied to learn a single task from demonstrations thereof. The requirement of structured and isolated demonstrations limits the scalability of imitation learning approaches as they are difficult to apply to real-world scenarios, where robots have to be able to execute a multitude of tasks. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal imitation learning framework that is able to segment and imitate skills from unlabelled and unstructured demonstrations by learning skill segmentation and imitation learning jointly. The extensive simulation results indicate that our method can efficiently separate the demonstrations into individual skills and learn to imitate them using a single multi-modal policy. The video of our experiments is available at http://sites.google.com/view/nips17intentiongan
PDGF: ophthalmology's next great target (2013)

Chorioretinal vascular conditions are among the leading causes of blindness in industrialized societies. Blocking the effects of VEGF stabilizes vision in the majority of eyes and moderately improves (>15 letters) vision in approximately one-third of patients. Unfortunately, some patients fail to respond to therapy and withdrawal of treatment usually leads to worsening vision. PDGF promotes pericyte coverage of neovascular vessels and confers vascular stability with resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Though pre-clinical evidence suggests that anti-PDGF monotherapy of pathological neovascularization is ineffective, combining anti-VEGF and anti-PDGF agents promotes the regression of ocular neovascularization. Monthly injections of both ranibizumab (an anti-VEGF antibody fragment) and E10030 (fovista, an anti-PDGF aptamer) in patients with exudative AMD results in gains that exceed those of ranibizumab monotherapy (+10.6 vs +6.5 letters; p = 0.019) and causes significant shrinkage of the neovascular complex. E10030 is scheduled to enter Phase III testing.
Carcinoembryonic antigen production in human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in nude mice. (1983)

A quantitative study of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was made in nine human gastric cancer cell lines. Six of them were found to produce CEA in vitro. The production of CEA in the three cell lines derived from well differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas began at the mid-exponential phase of cell growth and reached its peak at the late stationary phase, the amount of CEA per 10(5) cells and the frequency of CEA-positive cells on immunostaining increased with culture time. In contrast, CEA in the three cell lines derived from poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas including a signet-ring cell carcinoma was produced immediately after plating and the amount of the antigen per 10(5) cells and the frequency of CEA-positive cells were almost constant throughout the cell growth phases. Serum CEA content in nude mice was low or not detectable in the case of subcutaneous heterotransplantation of gastric cancer cells, irrespective of CEA productivity of the cell lines in vitro. Intraperitoneal inoculation, however, led to high CEA levels in sera of nude mice bearing human gastric cancers. No significant difference was found between the two kinds of inoculation in terms of the total tumor weight and the frequency of CEA-positive cells in tumor tissues. One reason for the above findings may be that the transport of CEA in the subcutaneous tumors to the systemic blood flow is hindered.
Practices and Methods of Preventing and Treating Crude-Oil Emulsions (1939)

From Introduction: "This report describes practical methods of preventing the formation of emulsions in oil-producing operations, modern practices and methods of economically dehydrating crude-oil emulsions, and recent advances in emulsion-treating technique."
Limitations and noise in interferometric systems using frequency ramped single-mode diode lasers (1986)

Frequency ramped diode laser sensing and measurement systems suffer from a variety of limitations and noise sources. Nonlinearities in the frequency ramp produce unwanted sidebands in the frequency spectra of the system output and make accurate distance determination difficult in the frequency domain. Thermally induced drifts in the laser frequency prohibit long-term sensitive phase measurements even with a reference interferometer. It is shown that phase noise due to the fundamental linewidth of the diode laser and not bias current noise determines the noise floor of most FMCW systems in the regimes away from (1/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</tex> ) noise. Time domain techniques suffer from low resolution because only a few data points can be taken during each frequency ramp and thus achieve poor averaging of the phase noise. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of frequency ramped systems is shown to be lower (10-30 dB) than the theoretical prediction for an unmodulated heterodyne system, which was substantiated by showing that the minimum detectable phase is somewhat higher than that predicted by the idealized model.
Regulation of cell cycle and productivity in NS0 cells by the over‐expression of p21<sup>CIP1</sup> (2001)

We have constructed NS0 myeloma cell lines that inducibly express the p21CIP1 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, using the Lacswitch system. Ectopic p21(CIP1) protein expression was rapidly induced within 12 h of addition of IPTG, causing G1-phase arrest and almost complete inhibition of cell proliferation. The production of a chimeric IgG4 antibody, expressed constitutively from an independent promoter, was found to be significantly increased by more than 4-fold in p21CIP1-arrested cells. This study demonstrates for the first time the successful construction of anchorage-independent and proliferation-controlled NS0 cell lines with enhanced secreted chimeric antibody production independent of the inducible promoter activity used to achieve cytostasis.
Construction and analysis of deletion mutations in the U5 region of Moloney murine leukemia virus: effects on RNA packaging and reverse transcription (1989)

A collection of deletion mutations was generated in the U5 region of cloned DNA copies of Moloney murine leukemia virus or a related retrovirus. Cell lines expressing the mutant DNAs were generated by cotransformation, and the virions released were characterized biochemically. Deletions in the 5' part of U5 profoundly reduced packaging of the viral RNA into virions; one deletion in the 3' part of U5 did not block packaging but affected reverse transcription. One mutant with a deletion in the central part of U5 was fully viable and served to separate the two functional parts of U5.
Measuring the Aromatic Potential of <i>Vitis</i> <i>vinifera</i> L. Cv. Sauvignon Blanc Grapes by Assaying <i>S</i>-Cysteine Conjugates, Precursors of the Volatile Thiols Responsible for Their Varietal Aroma (2000)

The method presented for measuring the aromatic potential of Sauvignon blanc must is based on an assay of the S-cysteine conjugate precursors of three volatile thiols involved in the characteristic aroma of wines made from this grape variety: 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-ol, and 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol. These compounds were released enzymatically from their precursors by percolating the must through an immobilized tryptophanase column (EC 4.1.99.1), catalyzing an alpha, beta-elimination reaction on the S-cysteine conjugate. The volatile thiols were analyzed by GC-MS, as were the deuterated analogues that had been released from synthesized deuterated precursors and were added as internal standards. The quantities of volatile thiols released under these conditions were proportional to the S-cysteine conjugate content of the must.
Parallel photonic reservoir computing using frequency multiplexing of neurons (2016)

Today's unrelenting increase in demand for information processing creates the need for novel computing concepts. Reservoir computing is such a concept that lends itself particularly well to photonic hardware implementations. Over recent years, these hardware implementations have gained maturity and now achieve state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark tasks. However, implementations so far are essentially all based on sequential data processing, leaving the inherent parallelism of photonics unexploited. Parallel implementations process all neurons simultaneously, and therefore have the potential of reducing computation time by a factor equal to the number of neurons, compared to sequential architectures. Here, we report a parallel reservoir computer that uses frequency domain multiplexing of neuron states. We illustrate its performance on standard benchmark tasks such as nonlinear channel equalization, the reproduction of a nonlinear 10th-order system, and speech recognition, obtaining error rates similar to previous optical experiments. The present experiment is thus an important step towards high speed, low footprint, all optical photonic information processing.
Surface treatment and characterization of PMMA, PHEMA, and PHPMA (2001)

Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA), and poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA) were modified to improve the wettability by two techniques: plasma and plasma source ion implantation. The modified surfaces were characterized to investigate the dependence of the modification and hydrophobic recovery on the polymer structure. The differences obtained under optimal experiment conditions among the polymers were interpreted in terms of their polymer structures including the glass transition temperature. The surface free energy, calculated from the contact angle measurements, revealed that its polar component was a dominant factor in improving the wettability. The PSII treatment created more functional groups on the surface and extensively modified the polymer layer than the plasma treatment.
IP Integration Overhead Analysis in System-on-Chip Video Encoder (2007)

Current system-on-chip implementations integrate IP blocks from different vendors. Typical problems are incompatibility and integration overheads. This paper presents a case study of integrating two black-box hardware accelerators into highly scalable and modular multiprocessor system-on-chip architecture. The integration was implemented by creating two wrapper components that adapt the interfaces of the hardware accelerators for the used architecture and on-chip network. The benefit of the accelerators was measured in three different configurations and especially the execution time overheads caused by the software, data delivery, and shared resource contention were extracted and analyzed in MPEG-4 encoder. The overheads increase the function runtime up to 20x compared to the ideal acceleration. In addition, the accelerator that seemed to be more efficient performed worse in practice. As a conclusion, it is pointed out that the integration induces great overhead to the execution time, rendering a-few-clock-cycle optimizations within the accelerator meaningless.
Simulation of a digital neuro-chip for spiking neural networks (2000)

Conventional hardware platforms are far from reaching real-time simulation requirements of complex spiking neural networks (SNN). Therefore we designed an accelerator board with a neuro-processor-chip, called NeuroPipe-Chip. In this paper, we introduce two new concepts on chip-level to speed up the simulation of SNN. The concepts are implemented in the architecture of the NeuroPipe-Chip. We present the hardware structure of the NeuroPipe-Chip, which is modelled on register-transfer-level (RTL) using the hardware description language VHDL. We evaluate the performance of the NeuroPipe-Chip in a system simulation, where the rest of the accelerator board is modelled in behavioral VHDL. For a simple SNN for image segmentation, the NeuroPipe-Chip operating at 100 MHz shows an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude compared to an Alpha 500 MHz workstation and approaches real-time requirements for SNN in the order of 10/sup 6/ neurons. Hence, such an accelerator would allow real-time simulations of complex SNN for image processing. Currently, the implementation of the NeuroPipe-Chip in a 0.35 m digital CMOS technology is investigated.
Non-AIDS-defining deaths and immunodeficiency in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (2009)

In the cART era, the most frequent non-AIDS-defining causes of death are associated with immunodeficiency, only cardiovascular disease was associated with high viral replication. Avoiding profound and mild immunodeficiency, through earlier initiation of cART, may impact on morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients.
Effect of Linking Bridge Modifications on the Antipsychotic Profile of Some Phthalimide and Isoindolinone Derivatives (1996)

A series of phthalimide and isoindolinone derivatives bridged to 4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl was prepared. The compounds were evaluated in vitro at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1a and 5-HT2 receptors and in vivo for their ability to antagonize the apomorphine-induced climbing response in mice. The effects of bridge length and conformation on the biological activity of these potential antipsychotic agents are discussed. A four-carbon spacer provided optimal activity within the two homologous series. Conformational investigations of the lead compound, isoindolinone 2, were conducted in an attempt to account for the superior activity observed for the butyl derivatives. On the basis of NMR and molecular modeling studies, two types of folded structures were proposed and several conformationally restrained analogues were synthesized. In general, restrictions incorporated within the linking bridge were detrimental to activity.
교육대학 신입생의 특성 변화에 관한 연구: 2013학년도 서울교육대학교 신입생 실태조사를 중심으로 (2013)

최근 급변하는 사회문화적 환경 및 교직 사회의 변화와 맞물려 교육대학에 입학하는 학생들의 특성 또한 변화하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 교육대학 학생들의 변화하는 특성과 교직에 대한 인식을 이해함으로써 초등교원 양성의 질을 보장하기 위해서 교육대학의 교육과정 및 학생지도 방안의 수립에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 서울교육대학교의 사례를 중심으로, 서울교육대학교 2013학년도 신입생 실태조사 결과와 과거 신입생 실태조사 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 신입생 중 재수생의 비율이 급증하고 있고, 좋은 가정배경 및 학업능력이 뛰어난 우수한 인재들이 더 많이 입학하고 있음이 나타났다. 또한 신입생들은 적성 및 진로 문제에 대한 관심이 높아졌으며, 환경변화에 따른 시간 관리의 어려움을 호소하는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 초등교원 양성대학에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.