gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Transient Analysis and Inflow Performance for Horizontal Wells (1988)

Abstract In recent years, pressure transient behavior and inflow performance of horizontal wells have received considerable attention due to the increase in horizontal drilling. In this paper we develop an interpretation methodology for horizontal well pressure transient testing. This methodology is then applied to the interpretation of an actual horizontal well test performed in Prudhoe Bay. The complex geometry associated with horizontal wells makes interpretation of well tests a difficult task. Uniquely determining the system parameters from short time (typical times for vertical well testing) pressure tests is not possible. Combining drawdown and buildup tests, with downhole flowrate measurement is critical for proper interpretation. We also provide a solution for the Inflow Performance of a horizontal well completed in a rectangular drainage volume, where the well can be of arbitrary length and completed at any location within the drainage volume.
Immunochemical, Electrophoretic, and Genetic Heterogeneity of Pepsinogen I (1987)

Two immunologic subclasses of human pepsinogen I, a-PG I and P-PG I, have been identified based on their reactivity toward a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope on the a-PG I isozymogens. The antibody was used to purify the major a- and P-isozymogens from gastric mucosa and to determine their contributions to the previously described genetic polymorphism of PG 1. The cY-epitope was localized to the pepsin region of the molecules. The two major a-PG I isozymogens (Pg 3a and Pg 5a) and the major P-PG I isozymogen (Pg 4p) were demonstrated to contain net charge differences located in the respective pepsin and activation peptide regions. We propose that the LY- and p-subclasses contain net charge amino acid substitutions encoded by the corresponding pepsinogen genes: PGA3, PGA4, and PGA5. Human gastric mucosa contains three distinct types of aspartic proteases (l-4). Two of these are pepsinogens (PG I or PG A and PG II or PG C), and the third is a nonpepsinogen protease that has been designated slow moving protease because it exhibits slower anodal mobility than PG I or PG II (2). The differences among PG I, PG II, and slow moving protease with respect to their antigenic determinants (5,6), molecular weights (6)) and cellular origins (7,B) provide conclusive evidence that they are determined by different genes.
A Review of Magnesium/Magnesium Alloys Corrosion and its Protection (2010)

A review is provided about the current research on magnesium/magnesium alloys corrosion in the industry. Except for reviewing the kinds of corrosion on galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion, and corrosion fatigue, its corresponding mechanisms are also explained, such as the influence of metallurgical factors, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the protection of magnesium/magnesium alloys corrosion is presented, for instance, surface treatment/modification, coating and so on. Also, because the continuing challenges associated with the use of magnesium alloys, more considerations about future applications and research directions are given according to the properties improvement of magnesium alloys for the eco-friendly requirements.
Active Stabilization of Rotating Stall and Surge in a Transonic Single Stage Axial Compressor (1997)

Rotating stall and surge have been stabilized in a transonic single-stage axial compressor using active feedback control. The control strategy is to sense upstream wall static pressure patterns and feed back the signal to an annular array of twelve separately modulated air injectors. At tip relative Mach numbers of 1.0 and 1.5 the control achieved a 11% and 3.5% reduction in stalling mass flow respectively, with injection adding 3.6% of the design compressor mass flow. The aerodynamic effects of the injection have also been examined. At a tip Mach number, Mtip, of 1.0, the stall inception dynamics and effective active control strategies are similar to results for low-speed axial compressors. The range extension was achieved by individually damping the first and second spatial harmonics of the pre-stall perturbations using constant gain feedback. At a Mtip of 1.5 (design rotor speed), the pre-stall dynamics are different than at the lower speed. Both one-dimensional (surge) and two-dimensional (rotating stall) perturbations needed to be stabilized to increase the compressor operating range. At design speed, the instability was initiated by approximately 10 rotor revolutions of rotating stall followed by classic surge cycles. In accord with the results from a compressible stall inception analysis, the zeroth, first, and second spatial harmonics each include more than one lightly damped mode which can grow into the large amplitude instability. Forced response testing identified several modes traveling up to 150% of rotor speed for the first three spatial harmonics; simple constant gain control cannot damp all of these modes and thus cannot stabilize the compressor at this speed. A dynamic, model-based robust controller was therefore used to stabilize the multiple modes which comprise the first three harmonic perturbations in this transonic region of operation.
Electrically Induced Osteogenesis: Relationship between Charge, Current Density, and the Amount of Bone Formed (1981)

A study was performed exploring the relationship between charge, current density, and the amount of new bone formed in the medullary canal of the intact rabbit tibia. The results indicate that the amount of bone formed in the vicinity of a cathode is directly related to both current density and charge. Utilizing stainless steel cathodes delivering a constant current of 20 muamps, the optimum current density was found to be 1.06 X 10(3) muamps/mm2 and the optimum charge, 36.29 coulombs. The amount of bone formed with pulsed current approached that formed with constant current only as the total charge delivered by the pulsed current approached that delivered by the constant current. Based on these findings, a new cathode is designed with eight active ports evenly distributed along its length and providing two and one-half times the amount of bone formed by a conventional cathode. This cathode is now in the early stages of clinical evaluation in patients with acquired nonunion.
The Experimental Homologous and Heterologous Separation Distance Histograms for the Centromeres of Chromosomes 7, 11, and 17 in Interphase Human T-Lymphocytes (1995)

The simultaneous 3D arrangement of the interphase centromeres of chromosomes 7, 11, and 17 in unstimulated human T-lymphocytes is analyzed. Using triple in situ hybridization in combination with optical sectioning and image processing, the identification of three pairs of centromeres in each nucleus and the assignment of 3D coordinates to each centromere are made. The homologous and heterologous centromere separation distance histograms are determined and compared to the hypothesized histograms for randomly distributed centromeres. The experimental nuclei are truncated spheres in shape with a principal radius of 3.7 +/- 0.3 micron and a truncated hemispherical height of 2.6 micron. None of the separation distance distributions appears to be statistically significantly different from a random model distribution.
A Political Standard for Absolute Political Freedom (2011)

Abstract This paper derives political freedoms from the ethics of egoism, demonstrates the equivalence of absolute political freedom and Liberty, and advocates absolute political freedom as a moral ideal. Protection of voluntary consent along an individual's entire politically legitimate valuing chain provides a standard for identifying political freedoms. Actions meeting the standard are political freedoms. Actions violating the standard are violations of political freedom. As a political standard, protection of voluntary consent is presented as superior to either the non-initiation of force or the non-aggression axiom.
Automation of Test Case Generation and Execution for Testing Web Service Orchestrations (2013)

Testing service orchestrations is a challenging research domain due to necessity of additional testing efforts, complementing traditional software testing. Although various testing approaches and tools have been proposed, most of them provide partial solutions covering single testing activities such as test path analysis, test case generation, Web service emulation, fault injection and so on. Following the current research direction, we have developed an integrated testing framework, called TASSA, which aims to provide end-to-end testing of Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) orchestrations. This paper introduces its core capability for automation of test cases generation, execution and management implemented in an open source tool for WSDL-based testing of both single Web services and composite Web services, described with BPEL. The tool's functionality includes identification of web service operations as well BPEL variables in case of service composition testing, generation of SOAP request templates, data driven testing, definition of assertions at different levels (HTTP, SOAP and BPEL variable), execution and management of test cases.
Highly CO<sub>2</sub>-Selective Organic Molecular Cages: What Determines the CO<sub>2</sub> Selectivity (2011)

A series of novel organic cage compounds 1-4 were successfully synthesized from readily available starting materials in one-pot in decent to excellent yields (46-90%) through a dynamic covalent chemistry approach (imine condensation reaction). Covalently cross-linked cage framework 14 was obtained through the cage-to-framework strategy via the Sonogashira coupling of cage 4 with the 1,4-diethynylbenzene linker molecule. Cage compounds 1-4 and framework 14 exhibited exceptional high ideal selectivity (36/1-138/1) in adsorption of CO(2) over N(2) under the standard temperature and pressure (STP, 20 °C, 1 bar). Gas adsorption studies indicate that the high selectivity is provided not only by the amino group density (mol/g), but also by the intrinsic pore size of the cage structure (distance between the top and bottom panels), which can be tuned by judiciously choosing building blocks of different size. The systematic studies on the structure-property relationship of this novel class of organic cages are reported herein for the first time; they provide critical knowledge on the rational design principle of these cage-based porous materials that have shown great potential in gas separation and carbon capture applications.
Phylogenetic analysis of pestiviruses from domestic and wild ruminants. (1997)

Infections with pestiviruses occur in cattle, sheep, pigs and also in numerous other ungulate species. In the present study, pestiviruses from goat, buffalo, deer and giraffe were analysed at the molecular level; unusual strains from cattle and pigs were also included. A phylogenetic analysis of the respective pestiviruses was undertaken on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region as well as the gene encoding autoprotease Npro. Statistical analyses of the respective phylogenetic trees-based on the 5' NCR revealed low confidence levels for most of the branches, while the structure of the tree based on the Npro gene was supported by high bootstrap values. Accordingly, the isolates from goat, buffalo and deer can be grouped together with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (pestivirus type 1); within this genotype three subgroups and one disparate virus have been identified. One isolate from pig and one from cattle belong to the group of 'true' border disease virus (pestivirus type 3), which can be further subdivided into two major subgroups. Interestingly, the giraffe isolate does not belong to one of the four established pestivirus genotypes. The phylogenetic analysis strongly suggests that genotype 1 pestiviruses occur world-wide in many ruminant species. Furthermore, phylogenetic trees based on the Npro gene nucleotide sequences show that the respective sequences do not segregate into discrete lineages based on host-species origin.
The selective dissolution of rice hull ash to form [OSiO1.5]8[R4N]8(R = Me, CH2CH2OH) octasilicates. Basic nanobuilding blocks and possible models of intermediates formed during biosilicification processes (2005)

Rice hull ash (RHA) silica (80–98 wt.% amorphous, >25 m2 g−1 silica, 2–20% porous amorphous C) can be depolymerized in aqueous alcohol with [NR4]8OH (R = Me, CH2CH2OH) under ambient conditions with the selective formation of octasilicate anions, [NR4]8[OSiO1.5]8. Dissolution kinetics were studied as a function of base and water concentration and temperature. Dissolution rates were determined by conversion of the octaanion to [HMe2OSiO1.5]8, OHS. Activation energies for dissolution were 5 ± 1 kcal mol−1, much lower than for typical base-promoted silica dissolution. Furthermore, dissolution was not catalytic in base as found for other base-promoted silica dissolution reactions. Reaction rates were dependent on ammonium base and water concentrations and temperature. Dissolution was optimal at approximately one equivalent of [NR4]8OH and three equivalents of water for choline hydroxide and five equivalents of water for [NMe4]8OH. A single crystal study of the octacholine [Me3NCH2CH2OH]8 derivative indicates that the compound crystallizes with three equivalents of water per SiO1.5 suggesting that the rate limiting step in the dissolution process may be formation of the octaanion which is in accord with theoretical Ea’s calculated for the condensation of polyhydroxyl siloxanes. Octasilicate anions offer access to novel polyfunctional silsesquioxane platforms with each functional group occupying a single octant in Cartesian space. These platforms offer potential as precursors to dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers, and as nanobuilding blocks for the formation of nanocomposites. Furthermore, choline is structurally similar to: (1) ε-N,N,N-trimethyl-γ-hydroxy-lysine, (2) the oligomeric N-methylpropylamine components found in silafins, and (3) possibly the hydroxyamino acid units found in sponge filament proteins; all of which are thought to play a role in silica accretion, transport and deposition in diatoms and sponges. Thus, the octasilicate structure may reflect the structure(s) of species involved in silica transport and/or deposition in biosilicification processes.
Novel next generation access network architecture with optical/wireless convergence (2007)

Today’s access network is migrating towards broadband IP, fixed/mobile convergence and service convergence. Thus, the next generation access network (NGAN) requires a converged optical/wireless access network infrastructure, other than the existing architecture that connect to the cellular, broadband wireless, and optical access networks separately, which complicate the network and increase the capital and operational expenditures (CapEx and OpEx). We have proposed a novel NGAN architecture with optical/wireless integrated edge node that elevates the connected heterogeneous access network functionalities up to the edge node [1]. In this paper, we further investigate the network and the edge node architecture and propose possible processing/operations that can decrease CapEx and OpEx to make it an attractive candidate for NGAN. In addition, we analyze the migration solution from current access network to the proposed converged network.
Comparative analysis of quantitative gastric emptying indices and power-exponential modelling of gastric emptying curves (1989)

A comparative study was undertaken on the problems of choosing a reliable measure of gastric emptying (GE). The study was based on 218 GE measurements of a radiolabelled solid meal. Power-exponential fitting of GE curves was shown to provide an excellent mathematical approximation to experimental data - a coefficient of determination r2 greater than equal to 0.90 was obtained in the case of 96.3% GE curves. A range of indices was derived from the data, namely, the time to reach the maximum of a GE curve, the area under a GE curve, the mean transit time (and mean transit time during the ninety minutes of the examination), the emptying index, the GE half-time t 1/2 and the shape factor S. On the basis of between-subject variability (3.9% coefficient of variation) and reproducibility (coefficient of variation for paired examinations, CVp = 3.2%), the mean transit time calculated over the period of the GE study (MTT90) was found to be the best GE measure. The versatility of the power-exponential method was confirmed by the analysis of mathematical curves designed to mimic a range of real life emptying patterns, and the relationships between the derived parameters were also investigated.
Isotopic exchange in the sonolysis of aqueous solutions containing nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 molecules (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsotopic exchange in the sonolysis of aqueous solutions containing nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 moleculesEdwin J. Hart, C. Herbert Fischer, and Arnim HengleinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 22, 5989–5991Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a104RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (383 KB) Get e-Alerts
Supercritical CO2 Debinding Method in MIM Process. Debinding Condition and Process in Supercritical Debinding. (1996)

MIM is an important method in the metal forming technology. Though, this process is incomplete, and still has problems in each processing step. Especially in the debinding step, there are many problems. In an actual producing process, the thermal debinding method is still used, and this method needs long debinding time. Also, the size of products is limited, and the metal powder is oxidized in this method. As a method to overcome these problems, the solvent debinding process is used recently. This method is an efficient debinding method. Though organic solvents are used in this method, they are poisonous. These solvents will harm human health and environment. For this reason, a debinding method which uses super critical dioxide(CO2) is desirable. Using this method, quick debinding is possible, and a thick green body can be debinded. Moreover, the solvent used in this method is safe and harmless for environment.
Empirical Analysis of Credit Risk Measure Using Fuzzy Adaptive Neural-Networks: For Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (2012)

Measuring credit risks of small and medium-sized enterprises should take a series of unique characteristics into consideration. Firstly, non-financial conditions should be combined to produce more accurate evaluation results. Secondly, to overcome the vague of non-financial and sharp boundaries of financial conditions,fuzzy approaches and a nonlinear classifier based on fuzzy adaptive neuralnetwork(hereinafter referred to as “FAN”) were introduced. A sample family of 65 firms was collected to test the performance of the above classifier, among which 29 firms were default and 36 firms were good. The result was shown as ROC curves. To compare the performance of the model, the empirical results of another 4 classifiers were shown at the same figures and tables. The results showed that FAN has the best performance and can effectively distinguish the good and default firms.
Fabrication of high-rejection–low-loss single-passband filters in cladding depressed fiber by the chirped-grating concatenation method (1998)

High-rejection-low-loss single-passband filters have been successfully fabricated by the chirped-grating concatenation method in a cladding depressed fiber. The enhanced photosensitivity, the enlarged bandgap between the Bragg resonance and the cladding modes, and the effective suppression of the cladding-mode outcoupling of the cladding depressed fiber permitted what is to our knowledge the first achievement of an ~1-dB loss in the passband and 50-dB rejection for a 50-nm-wide stop band covering the entire amplified spontaneous emission spectral range of an Er-doped fiber amplifier.
Simultaneous fabrication of nanogap gold electrodes by electroless gold plating using a common medical liquid (2007)

We report a simple and high yield method for fabricating multiple nanogaps simultaneously by an electroless gold plating technique using electroless gold plating solution which consists of common medical liquid of iodine tincture and L(+)-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The distance between the gold electrodes (33nm in average) on the SiO2∕Si substrate was decreased by selective deposition of gold onto the surface of the gold electrodes. By electroless gold plating, we fabricated nanogaps below 5nm in width with a 41% process yield. We also demonstrated the Coulomb blockade effect in octanethiol(C8)-protected Au nanoparticles by using such a fabricated nanogap.
Removal of Sulfur from Coal by Treatment with Hydrogen (1975)

Abstract The Colorado School of Mines is performing a research contract under the sponsorship of the Office of Coal Research, the State of Colorado, and the Office of Research Services of the Colorado School of Mines to determine the importance of operating variables and raw material properties on coal desulfurization via the solvent refining process. The solvent refining process is being studied in bench-scale, high-pressure, high-temperature, rocking-bomb autoclave batch reactors. The liquid product from the reactor is vacuum distilled to give a solvent refined coal, and the refined coal product is analyzed for sulfate, pyritic, and total sulfur content, with organic sulfur content being determined by difference. Initially five variables were studied: temperature, partial pressure of hydrogen, solvent-to-coal ratio, solvent type, and reaction time. The reaction time was determined to be statistically unimportant, and anthracene was shown to be the better solvent. Further experimental work has been completed to investigate the three remaining operating variables. Statistical analysis of experimental data is now being performed to investigate the nonlinearity of sulfur removal from coal as influenced by the operating variables.