gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature Extraction and Feature Selection : Reducing Data Complexity with Apache Spark (2017)

Feature extraction and feature selection are the first tasks in pre-processing of input logs in order to detect cyber security threats and attacks while utilizing machine learning. When it comes to the analysis of heterogeneous data derived from different sources, these tasks are found to be time-consuming and difficult to be managed efficiently. In this paper, we present an approach for handling feature extraction and feature selection for security analytics of heterogeneous data approach is implemented in Apache Spark, using its python API, named pyspark.
Primal and dual bounds for Optimal Transmission Switching (2014)

It has been suggested that Optimal Transmission Switching (OTS) may reduce generator dispatch costs by as much as 10%, saving millions of dollars annually. However, this conclusion has been deduced primarily from studies using the DC power flow approximation on two power networks derived from the IEEE 118-bus and RTS-96 cases. This paper is a systematic study of the OTS problem. Various OTS formulations are considered for computing primal and dual bounds on a variety of power networks. The results demonstrate that the DC power flow model is inadequate for solving the OTS problem, and that mixed-integer nonlinear optimization techniques are instrumental in finding high-quality primal and dual bounds. The paper also indicates that, on a variety of benchmarks, transmission line switching may bring generation cost reductions between 0% to 29%.
The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A Step in the Validation of a New Self-Report Scale (1976)

The present investigation was intended principally as a concurrent validation study for a new self-report symptom inventory: the SCL-90. A sample of 209 'symptomatic volunteers' served as subjects and were administered both the SCL-90 and the MMPI prior to participation in clinical therapeutic drug trials. The MMPI was scored for the Wiggins content scales and the Tryon cluster scales in addition to the standard clinical scales. Comparisons of the nine primary symptom dimensions of the SCL-90 with the set of MMPI scales reflected very high convergent validity for the SCL-90. Peak correlations were observed with like constructs on eight of the nine scales, with secondary patterns of correlations showing high interpretative consistency.
<title>Efficient light-emitting diodes from blends of conjugated polymers</title> (1997)

Electroluminescent devices from binary blends of conjugated polyquinolines are fabricated and used to systematically investigate the mechanisms of efficient electroluminescence (EL) in multicomponent conjugated polymer system. The roles of energy transfer, excited state complex formation, charge transport and trapping, miscibility and phase separation, and spatial confinement on EL efficiency can be directly probed by a judicious choice of binary blend components. Large enhancement of EL efficiency and device brightness was observed in some conjugated polymer blend systems compared to the component homopolymers. For example, binary blends of poly(2,2'-(2,5-thienylene)-6-6'-bis(4- phenylquinoline)) and poly(2,2'-(biphenylene)-6,6'- (4-phenylquinoline)) are found to exhibit EL quantum efficiency of up to a factor of 30 enhancement at 200 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> luminance levels compared to the components. EL enhancement in this and other polymer blend system is shown by electric field-modulated photoluminescence spectroscopy and other experiments to be due to improved radiative electron-hole recombination efficiency facilitated by spatial confinement of excitons in the blends.
Subresolution imaging: Use of wavelength and angular diversity techniques (1976)

We calculate the Fourier transform of the electric field at a point on the image of an object as the angle or wavelength of the illumination on the object is varied and show that this function provides a direct measurement of the amplitude and surface height structure of the object within the resolution cell centered at the corresponding point on the object.
Fabry–Perot etalon with polymer cholesteric liquid-crystal mirrors (1999)

We present what we believe to be the first implementation of a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon using polymer cholesteric liquid-crystal mirrors. These polymer mirrors have each been fabricated onto a single substrate, which allows the FP cavity spacing to be only a few micrometers wide. For the experimental results presented, cavity lengths of 13.8 and 7.6 microm yield near-infrared free spectral ranges of 24.8 and 45.6 nm, respectively. The measured finesse of 14.31 is approaching the limitation imposed by the reflectivity of the mirrors.
Binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin A-20-α-benzoate and [3h]saxitoxin to receptor sites associated with sodium channels in trout brain synaptoneurosomes (1993)

1. [3H]Batrachotoxinin A-20-alpha-benzoate ([3H]BTX-B) and [3H]saxitoxin ([3H]STX), radioligands that bind to distinct sites on the voltage-sensitive sodium channel, were bound specifically to saturable sites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain synaptoneurosomes. 2. Specific [3H]BTX-B binding was temperature dependent with highest levels of specific [3H]BTX-B binding observed at 7 degrees C. Specific binding was inversely correlated with assay temperature at temperatures above 7 degrees C. 3. Saturating concentrations of scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) venom (ScV) stimulated specific [3H]BTX-B binding at 27 degrees C, but not at 7 degrees C. The dihydropyrazole insecticide RH 3421 inhibited specific [3H]BTX-B binding at 7 degrees C but had no effect on specific binding at 27 degrees C. The sodium channel activators veratridine and aconitine and the local anesthetic dibucaine inhibited specific [3H]BTX-B binding at both 7 degrees C and 27 degrees C. 4. Displacement experiments in the presence of ScV at 27 degrees C gave an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for [3H]BTX-B of 710 nM and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 11.3 pmol/mg protein. Kinetic experiments established the rates of association (1.17 x 10(5) min-1 nM-1) and dissociation (0.0514 min-1) of the ligand-receptor complex. 5. The binding of [3H]STX reached apparent saturation at 7.5 nM. Scatchard analysis of the saturation data indicated a KD of 3.8 nM and a Bmax of 1.9 pmol/mg protein. 6. These studies provide evidence for high affinity, saturable binding sites for [3H]BTX-B and [3H]STX in trout brain preparations. Whereas certain neurotoxins modified the specific binding of [3H]BTX-B in trout brain synaptoneurosomes in a predictable fashion, other compounds known to affect specific [3H]BTX-B binding in mammalian brain preparations had no effect on specific [3H]BTX-B binding in the trout.
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing controversy: OAM as a subject of MIMO (2015)

Recently the orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing scheme has been proposed to increase without limit the channel capacity between a transmitter and a receiver node communicating in line of sight. A controversy arose about the far-field effectiveness of this method and about it being or not a subset of MIMO communication schemes. In this contribution we first illustrate that OAM multiplexing can be completely understood as line of sight MIMO, and hence that the technique cannot bring additional advantages in far field communications. Secondly, we show that it is possible to build similar line of sight near field MIMO systems based on lenses with similar or better performance than their OAM counterparts.
Temporally Coordinated Deep Brain Stimulation in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum Synergistically Enhances Associative Learning (2016)

The primate brain has the remarkable ability of mapping sensory stimuli into motor behaviors that can lead to positive outcomes. We have previously shown that during the reinforcement of visual-motor behavior, activity in the caudate nucleus is correlated with the rate of learning. Moreover, phasic microstimulation in the caudate during the reinforcement period was shown to enhance associative learning, demonstrating the importance of temporal specificity to manipulate learning related changes. Here we present evidence that extends upon our previous finding by demonstrating that temporally coordinated phasic deep brain stimulation across both the nucleus accumbens and caudate can further enhance associative learning. Monkeys performed a visual-motor associative learning task and received stimulation at time points critical to learning related changes. Resulting performance revealed an enhancement in the rate, ceiling, and reaction times of learning. Stimulation of each brain region alone or at different time points did not generate the same effect.
Optically readable bi-material infrared detector (2001)

In this paper, we developed 'Optically Readable BM Infrared Detector' of 55μm x 55μm pixel pitch and 266 X 194 array and evaluated the characteristics of this detector. In the infrared imaging test, we succeeded in obtaining infrared image of a person by adding an offset correction to the raw image taken through CCD camera, whereby we made a great progress to embody an infrared camera with this method. In the infrared imaging testing without correction, we succeeded in obtaining an infrared image of an electric heater and we confirmed the feasibility of the direct viewing in this method. This result offers us a hope to explore new application fields as an infrared camera of low power consumption under this method.
Translation of proteomic biomarkers into FDA approved cancer diagnostics: issues and challenges (2013)

Tremendous efforts have been made over the past few decades to discover novel cancer biomarkers for use in clinical practice. However, a striking discrepancy exists between the effort directed toward biomarker discovery and the number of markers that make it into clinical practice. One of the confounding issues in translating a novel discovery into clinical practice is that quite often the scientists working on biomarker discovery have limited knowledge of the analytical, diagnostic, and regulatory requirements for a clinical assay. This review provides an introduction to such considerations with the aim of generating more extensive discussion for study design, assay performance, and regulatory approval in the process of translating new proteomic biomarkers from discovery into cancer diagnostics. We first describe the analytical requirements for a robust clinical biomarker assay, including concepts of precision, trueness, specificity and analytical interference, and carryover. We next introduce the clinical considerations of diagnostic accuracy, receiver operating characteristic analysis, positive and negative predictive values, and clinical utility. We finish the review by describing components of the FDA approval process for protein-based biomarkers, including classification of biomarker assays as medical devices, analytical and clinical performance requirements, and the approval process workflow. While we recognize that the road from biomarker discovery, validation, and regulatory approval to the translation into the clinical setting could be long and difficult, the reward for patients, clinicians and scientists could be rather significant.
The conserved Wobble uridine tRNA thiolase Ctu1–Ctu2 is required to maintain genome integrity (2008)

Modified nucleosides close to the anticodon are important for the proper decoding of mRNA by the ribosome. Particularly, the uridine at the first anticodon position (U34) of glutamate, lysine, and glutamine tRNAs is universally thiolated (S(2)U34), which is proposed to be crucial for both restriction of wobble in the corresponding split codon box and efficient codon-anticodon interaction. Here we show that the highly conserved complex Ctu1-Ctu2 (cytosolic thiouridylase) is responsible for the 2-thiolation of cytosolic tRNAs in the nematode and fission yeast. In both species, inactivation of the complex leads to loss of thiolation on tRNAs and to a thermosensitive decrease of viability associated with marked ploidy abnormalities and aberrant development. Increased level of the corresponding tRNAs suppresses the fission yeast defects, and our data suggest that these defects could result from both misreading and frame shifting during translation. Thus, a translation defect due to unmodified tRNAs results in severe genome instability.
Inhibition of alkali-induced corneal ulceration and perforation by a thiol peptide. (1990)

Corneal ulceration and perforation following a severe alkali burn occur as a consequence of collagen destruction by locally released enzymes. A thiol peptide, which recently was shown to be a potent inhibitor of corneal collagenase in vitro, was tested in alkali-burned rabbit corneas to determine its effectiveness in inhibiting corneal ulceration. Following a standard alkali burn to one eye of each rabbit, ten animals were treated topically six times daily and subconjunctivally one time daily with a 1 mM solution of the peptide for a period of 3 weeks. A control group of ten rabbits was administered vehicle only using the same regimen as the experimental group. Corneal ulceration occurred in ten out of ten of the control eyes and seven out of ten progressed to perforation. The experimental group demonstrated ulcerations in four out of nine animals, only one of which was deep (one of nine), and no perforations. There was no significant difference when comparing the onset of ulceration between the two groups, but the difference was significant when comparing the total number of ulcerations (0.02 less than P less than 0.05), deep ulcerations (0.01 less than P less than 0.02) and perforations (0.001 less than P less than 0.01) between the two groups. Histologic examination of the corneas after 3 weeks of treatment revealed that the experimental, thiol-treated corneas that did not ulcerate contained relatively few PMNs, whereas the control corneas demonstrated a marked inflammatory infiltrate in the form of PMNs, most notably at sites of corneal ulceration. These findings demonstrate that a synthetic thiol peptide inhibits alkali-induced corneal ulceration and perforation in vivo.
Dehydroepiandrosterone and allopregnanolone protect sympathoadrenal medulla cells against apoptosis via antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (2004)

The neuroactive steroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate ester DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and allopregnanolone (Allo), produced by the CNS and the adrenals, appear to exert a protective effect in hippocampal and cortical neuron ischemia- and excitotoxicity-induced injury. We hypothesized that they may also play a protective role on the adrenal medulla, an important part of the sympathetic nervous system, and the tissue adjacent to their primary site of production. DHEA, DHEAS, and Allo protected rat chromaffin cells and the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line, an established model for the study of adrenomedullary cell apoptosis and survival, against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. Their effects were time- and dose-dependent, with EC50 1.8, 1.1, and 1.5 nM, respectively. The antiapoptotic effect of DHEA DHEAS and Allo was compared to that of a long list of structurally related compounds and was found to be structure-specific, confined mainly to conformation 3beta-OH-Delta5 for androstenes and 3alpha-OH for pregnanes. Indeed, 3-keto, Delta4, or C7 hydroxylated androstenes and 3beta pregnanes were ineffective. The prosurvival effect of DHEA(S) and Allo was N-methyl-D-aspartate-, GABAA-, sigma1-, or estrogen receptor-independent. It involved the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, their role being sine qua non for their action because Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides reversed their effects. Finally, DHEA(S) and Allo activated cAMP response element-binding protein and NF-kappaB, upstream effectors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression. They also activated the antiapoptotic kinase PKCalpha/beta, a posttranslational activator of Bcl-2 protein. Our findings suggest that decline of DHEA(S) and Allo during aging or stress may leave the adrenal medulla unprotected against proapoptotic challenges.
Photocatalytic oxidation of various compounds over TiO<sub>2</sub> and other semiconductor oxides; Mechanistic considerations (1982)

Abstract A synthesis of studies on the photocatalytic oxidation of various compounds (isobutane, propene, alkyltoluenes, butanols, ammonia, halide ions in aqueous solution) is presented, TiO 2 being the main photocatalyst. Comparisons are also made with other n‐type semiconductors: ZrO 2 , V 2 O 5 , Sb 2 O 4 , ZnO, SnO 2 , CeO 2 , WO 3 . Information about the mechanism has been obtained by (i) an examination of the photocatalytic isotopic exchange of oxygen in competition with the oxidation of a hydrocarbon, (ii) kinetics and photoconductivity measurements, and (iii) oxidation of butanols by NO. The main conclusions are that these reactions proceed in an adsorbed phase and that dissociated oxygen species play an essential role.
The Fusogen EFF-1 Controls Sculpting of Mechanosensory Dendrites (2010)

The mechanisms controlling the formation and maintenance of neuronal trees are poorly understood. We examined the dynamic development of two arborized mechanoreceptor neurons (PVDs) required for reception of strong mechanical stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans. The PVDs elaborated dendritic trees comprising structural units we call "menorahs." We studied how the number, structure, and function of menorahs were maintained. EFF-1, an essential protein mediating cell fusion, acted autonomously in the PVDs to trim developing menorahs. eff-1 mutants displayed hyperbranched, disorganized menorahs. Overexpression of EFF-1 in the PVD reduced branching. Neuronal pruning appeared to involve EFF-1-dependent branch retraction and neurite-neurite autofusion. Thus, EFF-1 activities may act as a quality control mechanism during the sculpting of dendritic trees.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of benzalkonium chloride against clinical isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae (2006)

Benzalkonium chloride might represent an alternative strategy that is useful in reducing vaginal GBS colonization in pregnant women before delivery by topical treatment.
Orientation and Two-Dimensional Organization of Proteins at Chelator Lipid Interfaces (1998)

The analysis how proteins interact or assemble with each other in time and space is of central interest. Biofunctionalized interfaces can be applied to study protein-protein interactions in solution or elementary biological processes at membranes. Chelator lipid layers are well suited for these applications as they specifically bind histidine-tagged fusion proteins and further mimic the two-dimensional world of biological membranes. Here, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model to study its reversible, functional, and oriented immobilization via histidine-tag at chelator lipid interfaces by various surface sensitive techniques. Taking advantage of the self-organizing properties of chelator lipids, the association and dissociation kinetics, the surface density as well as the organization of the protein in two-dimensional arrays can be controlled. The chelator lipid system can be used for bioanalytical and structural studies as well as to examine recognition processes at membranes.
Demonstration of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> receptor‐like molecule in ST 13 and 3T3 L1 preadipocytes and its inhibitory effects on preadipocyte differentiation (1988)

The active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), inhibited morphologic and enzymatic expression during differentiation of preadipocyte to adipocyte. In the presence of approximately 6.4-20 X 10(-10) M 1,25(OH)2D3, the triacylglycerol accumulation was only 50% of that of fully differentiated control cells. High-affinity binding sites for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were detected in two preadipose cell lines. The 1,25(OH)2D3 binding component sediments at 3.3 S in 4-24% (w/v) sucrose gradients prepared in hypertonic buffer. Binding assay revealed that Nmax was 70 fmol/mg protein and 90 fmol/mg protein, and Kd value was 170 pM and 37 pM in cell lines ST 13 and 3T3 L1, respectively. We also found that differentiated adipocytes did not contain specific receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,25(OH)2D3, 1(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 24(OH)D3 all suppressed differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, and the dose required closely reflected the affinities of the various metabolites and the synthetic derivative for 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor. It is suggested that the action of vitamin D3 on preadipocyte differentiation may result from a receptor-mediated event.
Identification of BIRC6 as a novel intervention target for neuroblastoma therapy (2012)

Our findings indicate that BIRC6 may have a potential oncogenic role in neuroblastoma by inactivating cytoplasmic DIABLO. BIRC6 inhibition may therefore provide a means for therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma.
Eating and Drinking (1999)

The purpose of this chapter is to encourage you to apply the essentials of nutrition and hydration to your everyday life and that of your clients. At the end of the chapter, you should be able to: Describe and explain the principles of a healthy diet and fluid intake Enable others to make healthy changes to their food and fluid intake Assess the nutritional and hydration status of clients Assist clients in achieving optimum nutrition and hydration Suggest a range of helpful strategies for use when feeding and hydrating clients Extend your range of skills in promoting effective nutrition and hydration Promote the dignity of the client needing nutritional support. KeywordsAnorexia NervosaFluid IntakeNurse PracticeNurse TimeRecommended Daily AllowanceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Lateral cavity acoustic transducer (2008)

We present a lateral cavity acoustic transducer (LCAT) capable of pumping and mixing fluids within a microfluidic system using an acoustic energy source from an external piezoelectric buzzer. The device is capable of pumping at flow rates of approximately 250 nl min(-1) and real-time mixing in low flow rate (<1 microl min(-1)) devices typical in microfluidic systems.
Imidazoline compounds protect against interleukin 1beta-induced beta-cell apoptosis. (2001)

Imidazoline compounds have been considered for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We have now investigated the effects of imidazolines on interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced beta-cell apoptosis and the signal transduction pathways involved. Inhibition of Ca2+ influx into beta-cells by D-600, a blocker of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels, suppressed IL-1beta-induced apoptosis. Our data show that calcineurin, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2B, is responsible for the effect of Ca2+ on beta-cell apoptosis. We also demonstrate that IL-1beta-mediated apoptosis correlates with expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the increase in intracellular production of nitric oxide. An inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), KT5823, suppressed IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of a PKG-dependent pathway in the apoptotic process. One of the major findings in this study is that imidazoline compounds RX871024 and efaroxan, suggested as prototypes of a new generation of drugs against type 2 diabetes, can protect against IL-1beta-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells, possibly by their inhibition of the expression of iNOS, a key element in the IL-1beta-induced apoptotic pathway in pancreatic beta-cells. These data suggest that imidazoline compounds should be explored as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.