gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The lactose operon‐controlling elements: a complex paradigm (1992)

The lactose-controlling elements have been considered to be the simple paradigm of a cis-acting genetic regulatory system, containing a promoter whose activity is modulated by an operator and a catabolite gene activator protein (CAP)-binding site. The reality is considerably more complex. We now know that transcription is negatively regulated as a result of the repressor binding to three binding sites: the operator, a secondary repressor-binding site within the lacZ gene and a tertiary repressor-binding site upstream near lacI. In addition to the promoter, the lac-controlling elements contain five promoter-like elements. The physiological role, if any, of these promoter-like elements is not clear, although three of them can be activated by single base pair changes to give high levels of in vivo expression. Finally, the positive activator protein CAP has been found to bind to a secondary site which is coincident with the operator. No role has been identified for this secondary CAP-DNA complex.
Expert F# 2.0 (2010)

Expert F# 2.0 is about practical programming in a beautiful language that puts the power and elegance of functional programming into the hands of professional developers. In combination with .NET, F# achieves unrivaled levels of programmer productivity and program clarity. Expert F# 2.0 is The authoritative guide to F# by the inventor of F# A comprehensive reference of F# concepts, syntax, and features A treasury of expert F# techniques for practical, real-world programming F# isn't just another functional programming language. It's a general-purpose language ideal for real-world development. F# seamlessly integrates functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming styles so you can flexibly and elegantly solve any programming problem. Whatever your background, youll find that F# is easy to learn, fun to use, and extraordinarily powerful. F# will change the way you think aboutand go aboutprogramming. Written by F#'s inventor and two major contributors to its development, Expert F# 2.0 is the authoritative, comprehensive, and in-depth guide to the language and its use. Designed to help others become experts, the first part of the book quickly yet carefully describes the F# language. The second part then shows how to use F# elegantly for a wide variety of practical programming tasks. The world's foremost experts in F# show you how to program in F# the way they do! What you'll learn Explore F# and its features quickly and thoroughly in the introductory chapters Use F# with the newest .NET technologies such as WPF, LINQ, and ASP.NET AJAX Build reactive, asynchronous, and distributed applications with F# Interoperate with F# from other .NET languages, especially C# Test, profile, and performance tune F# applications Work with real-life examples and advanced programming features Who is this book for? Expert F# 2.0 is for anyone interested in state-of-the art .NET programming. Professional programmers will find it engrossing. F# provides invaluable insight into the future of both C# and VB, which are now adopting some (but far from all) of the functional features of F#. Once programmers learn F#, few feel like returning to either C# or VB. The academic community will find F# the answer to a decades-long prayer: a language suitable for teaching computer science that also excites and empowers students because it can be used not just in the classroom, but also in the real world.
Application of a comprehensive Product Environmental Profile system to design for the environment (2003)

This paper discusses IBM's integration of its design for the environment (DFE) rating assessment program into its Lotus Notes-based Product Environmental Profile (PEP) system. IBM has measured progress in improving the environmental performance of products through a system of DFE rating assessments on new products. This system was integrated into the new online Product Environmental Profile System. This paper discusses how IBM has historically performed DFE rating assessments, describes the development of the Lotus Notes PEP database, and discuss how IBM integrated its DFE assessment process into the PEP system and some of the resulting benefits of this integration.
New criteria for blind adaptive arrays (2002)

An alternative methodology for blind adaptive array processing is presented which generalizes the class of cost functions that are currently used. The methodology is based on the separation of independent, but not necessarily identically distributed, statistical components at the array output. Sufficient admissibility criteria are presented for blind adaptive array processing cost functions and examples based on the magnitude of complex, standardized cumulants as well as on order statistics are provided. In addition, a simple procedure for devising new candidate cost functions is discussed that can easily incorporate any available statistical information regarding the specific signal/interference environment of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A computer program for fitting a master hearing aid to the residual hearing characteristics of individual patients (1982)

The electroacoustic characteristics of an experimental master hearing aid are determined by the choice of transducers and settings of 26 controls which include a preamplifier, the gains and limiting levels in each of 12 channels as well as the gain of a final power amplifier. Here, a computer program which aids in the fitting of the electroacoustic characteristics of this aid to the characteristics of a patient's residual hearing is described. The patient's audiologic data and the hearing-aid parameters are entered into the computer and the gain and limiting level of each channel of the hearing aid are adjusted until an appropriate fit is achieved. The results of the fitting procedure are displayed on a graphics terminal. Permanent copies of the results can be produced on a printer-plotter. Included in the results for each of 12 channels are (1) the discomfort level, most comfortable listening level, and hearing threshold of the patient, and (2) the maximum output and noise floor of the hearing aid as well as the aided speech level. This approach has simplified the problem of fitting a complicated hearing aid to a patient's residual hearing and seems to offer attractive possibilities for fitting commercial hearing aids in the future.
Waste Minimization Promotes Biophysical Treatment of Complex Petrochemical Wastes in Israel (1994)

A full-scale 300 m3/day industrial waste treatment system was put into operation in a petrochemical manufacturing plant in Israel for the purpose of detoxifying its complex organic waste stream. The GPI treatment plant design incorporates an innovative waste management approach to accommodate the limited space allocated for the facility. It employs influent equalization and waste minimization techniques, in support of an advanced biophysical treatment process to accomplish a substantial reduction in the facility footprint while producing a high quality effluent. Initial performance data indicate a highly efficient organic waste reduction. COD and BOD removal surpassed 95% and 98%, respectively, over the initial two months of operation, meeting the stringent effluent discharge criteria. The system also provides effective sludge dewatering, producing 40-50% solids sludge, thereby minimizing sludge disposal costs.
LOW POROSITY HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE FOR BRIDGE DECKS (1981)

The early deterioration of concrete bridge decks in most areas of North America where de-icing salts are used is a major concern. Corrosion of reinforcing steel in the concrete has generally been singled out as the major cause of this problem. The corrosion is a consequence of penetration of chloride from the de-icing salt through the concrete to the vicinity of the reinforcing steel. This study is based on the idea that low porosity concrete prepared from so-called "low porosity cement" may provide an appropriate preventive measure against such difficulties. The thrust of the study was first to prepare and characterize appropriate mix design for this purpose using low porosity cement with and without fly ash additions. Subsequently, the durability-related characteristics of low porosity concretes were compared with those of conventional bridge deck concrete as normally specified. A further comparison was made with a special high density low slump mix design incorporating conventional cement and used successfully in bridge deck rehabilitation. Low porosity concretes prepared at water:cement ratios of 0.24 to 0.30 were found to have high slump (6-10 in.) but were difficult to work in the fresh state and had a relatively short working life. Fly ash incorporation was found to remove both these difficulties. Measurements of the resistance of concretes to freeze-thaw action, the resistance of de-icer scaling, the ingress of chloride ions into the concretes, the water permeability, the extent of carbonation, the development of compressive strength, the rates of drying shrinkage, the pore size distribution of the concrete mortar, and the apparent corrosion rates of reinforcing steel embedded in test concrete specimens were secured. The performance of the low porosity concrete formulations was found to be highly superior to conventional bridge deck concrete mixes in essentially all the laboratory tests carried out, and to the special high-density mixes as well. Incorporation of fly ash resulted in only modest reduction in the overall superiority of the hardened low porosity concrete while markedly improving workability and handling characteristics.
Plasmid replication in<i>Xenopus</i>eggs and egg extracts: a 2D gel electrophoretic analysis (1992)

We have examined the replication patterns of ribosomal DNA plasmids in vivo and in vitro using Xenopus eggs. Plasmids carrying different parts of the Xenopus ribosomal DNA sequence were allowed to replicate either in vitro in an egg extract or in vivo after microinjection into unfertilized eggs. The replication intermediates were analyzed by the 2D gel electrophoretic technique of Brewer and Fangman (1), using original or modified electrophoresis conditions. With standard electrophoresis conditions, the patterns obtained for restriction fragments larger than 5 kb were unreliable because of artefactually distorted Y arcs and unrecognizable bubble arcs. Interpretable patterns could nevertheless be obtained using suitably modified electrophoresis parameters. Under these conditions, replication was found to initiate and terminate at multiple, random locations on each plasmid both in vivo and in vitro. However, only one or very few of these potential initiation sites are used during the replication of an individual plasmid molecule. We discuss the possible artefacts and misinterpretations that can result when the 2D electrophoresis parameters are not adapted to the size of the fragment examined. We also discuss the relevance of the random replication mode to the mechanisms and the control of DNA replication in eukaryotes.
Multipoint radiation monitor using waveguide scintillators and optical fiber (1995)

A novel multipoint radiation monitor using waveguide scintillators and optical fiber connections is described. A new design of waveguide scintillator consisting of a scintillating material and a wavelength-shifting fiber (WLSF) has been deeveloped. The WLSF is embedded in the scintillator, and each end is fitted with an optical connector for connection to a transparent optical fiber. Multiple waveguide scintillators can be connected in a series, and the ends of the transparent optical fiber loop are terminated with a pair of photodetectors. This new technique for radiation monitoring dispenses with electric apparatus and improves noise resistance. Furthermore, it offers the advantages of multipoint measurement, meaning that the radiation incident on each scintillator is monitred by two photodetectors. We have examined the light output characteristics and time resolution of a prototype arrangement of waveguide scintillators and confirmed the feasibility of multipoint measurements in a system of five waveguide scintillators connected in series using a 200 m optical fiber loop.
Immunocytokines: the long awaited therapeutic magic bullet in rheumatoid arthritis? (2009)

Modulatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 looked promising biologicals, but suffered from poor exposure at the inflamed joints when administered via the patient-friendly subcutaneous route. Immunocytokines have now been engineered with tissue targeting potential and are a possible solution to this problem, although challenges still exist. Local inflammatory processes cause destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, leading to neo-eptitopes, and/or elicit the synthesis of new ECM components. This makes ECM elements interesting targets for antibody-mediated recognition and retention, to achieve higher levels of immunocytokines at the site of therapeutic interference. The study presented by Schwager and colleagues shows that targeted delivery of IL-10 is more efficacious in experimental arthritis. Clinical studies are warranted to show whether this strategy works for all rheumatoid arthritis patients or is better for subgroups with a defined ECM phenotype. In principle, the scFv-targeting system is plastic enough to allow for personalized strategies.
DEBTOR AND CREDITOR CONSUMERS AND THE BANKRUPTCY REFORM ACT (1979)

SocIetIes have long struggled with the problems ansmg when a debtor can no longer payor perform hIS obligatIon. SolutIons range from the penodic debt forgIveness, of anCIent HebraIC SOCI­ ety 1 to the Impnsonment of the debtor for failure to pay of recent Anglo-Amencan Junsprudence. 2 ASIde from moral consIderatIons, both of these alternatIves are unthmkable m modem socIety where credit plays an Important role. Such chOices excessIvely chill the use of credit on opposite SIdes of the debtor-creditor relatIonshIp. To foster credit usage,3 it IS necessary to at least offer the debtor a new opportunity m life and a clear field for future effort.4 At the same tIme, creditors must be gtven some assurance of equality of
The Janus‐SAM Approach for the Flexible Functionalization of Gold and Titanium Oxide Surfaces (2009)

A novel approach is developed to address the requirement of multiple stamps and inks for microcontact printing (microCP) onto different substrate surfaces. This approach relies on microCP one divalent molecule, which is able to form Janus self-assembled monolayers (JSAMs) with a labile cleavable centre, thus providing a facile method for the chemical derivatization of different substrate surfaces. This study presents an answer to the challenges presented within a highly versatile application, microCP. N-(3-diethylphosphatoxy)propyl-11-mercaptoundecanamide is used for the first time as an ink for microCP onto both gold and titanium oxide surfaces, utilizing the same polydimethylsiloxane stamp. Following printing, the JSAMs are enzymatically treated on these two different substrates to reveal different functional groups. The newly formed surfaces are subjected to additional surface reactions and used for the chemisorption of bovine serum albumin. At each stage, these JSAMs are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and dynamic water-contact-angle measurements. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is used for the characterization of the adsorbed proteins.
Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants (1977)

Heat Transfer Refrigeration Systems Compression Equipment Compression Surge Drums Mechanical Drivers Appendix Conversion Factors Author Index Subject Index
Silhouette Extraction based on Time Sequence Histograms and Graph Cut for Golf Swing Diagnosis (2012)

We propose a novel method of extracting a human silhouette from a golf swing movie taken by a mobile phone camera for automatic golf swing diagnosis. The difficulties of the task are that we cannot use the background subtraction method and that the camera is not fixed. First we correct small camera movements during a swing sequence by tracking features in the obvious background. Based on the fact that the histogram of the pixel value (hue and brightness) at the background pixel distributes in a narrow interval, we classify each pixel into three categories: background pixel, human pixel, and mixture pixel. We propagate pixel values of the background from the background pixels to the mixture ones. Finally we apply a graph cut method to extract the human silhouette at each image. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is promising.
An Improved Cryogen for Plunge Freezing (2008)

The use of an alkane mixture that remains liquid at 77 K to freeze specimens has advantages over the use of a pure alkane that is solid at 77 K. It was found that a mixture of methane and ethane did not give a cooling rate adequate to produce vitreous ice, but a mixture of propane and ethane did result in vitreous ice. Furthermore, the latter mixture produced less damage to specimens mounted on a very thin, fragile holey carbon substrate.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits Differentiation, Maturation, Activation, and Survival of Dendritic Cells Leading to Impaired Alloreactive T Cell Activation (2000)

1 Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D3, is a potent immunomodulatory agent. Here we show that dendritic cells (DCs) are major targets of 1,25(OH)2D3-induced immunosuppressive activity. 1,25(OH)2D3 prevents the differentiation in immature DCs of human monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 during LPS-induced maturation maintains the immature DC phenotype characterized by high mannose receptor and low CD83 expression and markedly inhibits up-regulation of the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 and of class II MHC molecules. This is associated with a reduced capacity of DCs to activate alloreactive T cells, as determined by decreased proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion in mixed leukocyte cultures. 1, 25(OH)2D3 also affects maturing DCs, leading to inhibition of IL-12p75 and enhanced IL-10 secretion upon activation by CD40 ligation. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes the spontaneous apoptosis of mature DCs. The modulation of phenotype and function of DCs matured in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 induces cocultured alloreactive CD4+ cells to secrete less IFN-gamma upon restimulation, up-regulate CD152, and down-regulate CD154 molecules. The inhibition of DC differentiation and maturation as well as modulation of their activation and survival leading to T cell hyporesponsiveness may explain the immunosuppressive activity of 1, 25(OH)2D3.
Fretting in aircraft turbine engines (1974)

The problem of fretting in aircraft turbine engines is discussed. Critical fretting can occur on fan, compressor, and turbine blade mountings, as well as on splines, rolling element bearing races, and secondary sealing elements of face type seals. Structural fatigue failures have been shown to occur at fretted areas on component parts. Methods used by designers to reduce the effects of fretting are given.
Improved Radio Frequency Identification Indoor Localization Method via Radial Basis Function Neural Network (2014)

Indoor localization technique has received much attention in recent years. Many techniques have been developed to solve the problem. Among the recent proposed methods, radio frequency identification (RFID) indoor localization technology has the advantages of low‐cost, noncontact, non‐line‐of‐sight, and high precision. This paper proposed two radial basis function (RBF) neural network based indoor localization methods. The RBF neural networks are trained to learn the mapping relationship between received signal strength indication values and position of objects. Traditional method used the received signal strength directly as the input of neural network; we added another input channel by taking the difference of the received signal strength, thus improving the reliability and precision of positioning. Fuzzy clustering is used to determine the center of radial basis function. In order to reduce the impact of signal fading due to non‐line‐of‐sight and multipath transmission in indoor environment, we improved the Gaussian filter to process received signal strength values. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods as well as improves the reliability and precision of the RFID indoor positioning system.
Confirmation of suspicious cases of meningococcal meningitis by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1997)

A significant problem in efficacy trials of meningococcal vaccines has been accurate identification of all cases of meningococcal disease that occur in study populations. The accuracy of case determination would be improved by utilizing methods which confirm or disprove suspicious cases of meningococcal disease that are culture negative. A collection of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a meningococcal vaccine field trial performed in Iquique, Chile, were utilized to assess the status of patients for whom cultures, Gram stains, and clinical evaluations for meningococcal disease were available. Nested PCRs (nPCRs) for amplification of Neisseria meningitidis DNA in CSF samples and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for quantification of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies specific for N. meningitidis were used in combination to confirm or eliminate cases classified by physicians as suspicious for meningococcal disease. Samples from 12 of 79 patients suspected of having meningococcal meningitis tested positive by both methods; specimens from 61 of the 79 were negative by both methods; and samples from 6 patients yielded ambiguous results, and these cases remained unconfirmed. Direct sequence analysis of amplified DNA from patients suspected of having meningococcal disease confirmed that 2 of the 12 newly confirmed cases were not attributable to the typical epidemic strain (B:15:P1.[7],3) while the others were due to the epidemic strain. A combination of nPCR and ELISA reduced the number of suspicious cases in this study from 79 to 6, thereby improving the potential for assessment of vaccine efficacy. Molecular identification by nPCR in conjunction with immunological assessment of patient response could be considered diagnostic of disease in future testing of meningococcal vaccines to improve efficacy analyses.
PKA/CREB Signaling Triggers Initiation of Endothelial and Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation via Etv2 Induction (2012)

Ets family protein Etv2 (also called ER71 or Etsrp) is a key factor for initiation of vascular and blood development from mesodermal cells. However, regulatory mechanisms and inducing signals for Etv2 expression have been largely unknown. Previously, we revealed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling enhanced differentiation of vascular progenitors into endothelial cells (ECs) and hematopoietic cells (HPCs) using an embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation system. Here, we show that PKA activation in an earlier differentiation stage can trigger EC/HPC differentiation through Etv2 induction. We found Etv2 was markedly upregulated by PKA activation preceding EC and HPC differentiation. We identified two cAMP response element (CRE) sequences in the Etv2 promoter and 5'-untranslated region and confirmed that CRE-binding protein (CREB) directly binds to the CRE sites and activates Etv2 transcription. Expression of a dominant negative form of CREB completely inhibited PKA-elicited Etv2 expression and induction of EC/HPCs from ESCs. Furthermore, blockade of PKA significantly inhibited Etv2 expression in ex vivo whole-embryo culture using Etv2-Venus knockin mice. These data indicated that PKA/CREB pathway is a critical regulator for the initiation of EC/HPC differentiation via Etv2 transcription. This early-stage molecular linkage between a triggering signal and transcriptional cascades for differentiation would provide novel insights in vascular and blood development and cell fate determination.