gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of New Peptide Vectors for the Transport of Therapeutic Across the blood–brain Barrier (2010)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the special nature of the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries characterized by tight junctions between cells and a high expression of efflux pumps only allowing the brain access to nutrients necessary for cell survival and function. These properties of the BBB result in the incapacity of small and large therapeutic compounds to reach the brain at therapeutic concentrations. Various strategies are now being developed to enhance the amount and concentration of these compounds in the brain parenchyma. The development of new technologies such as peptide vectors has the potential to achieve the delivery of active agents in therapeutic concentrations across the BBB to treat brain diseases such as brain primary and metastatic cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, the design of new active peptides and development of new peptide vectors for drug brain delivery using physiological approaches will be addressed. A new chemical entity incorporating angiopep peptide in a small anticancer agent (paclitaxel) is now in clinical trials. It is the first of such designed agents to be validated for the treatment of human brain cancers and opens the door for such approaches.
Current clinical perspectives on antiarrhythmic drug therapy. (1986)

The approach of arrhythmia evaluation and therapy is rapidly changing because of new diagnostic approaches and new antiarrhythmic agents, and because of evolving concepts about arrhythmia risk. Ventricular arrhythmias and the degree of associated heart disease define three broad risk categories: benign, potentially lethal, and lethal arrhythmia groups. Benign arrhythmias require therapy only if symptomatic, and arrhythmias with lethal potential should always be aggressively treated. The approach to potentially lethal arrhythmias remains problematic. It is now clear that complex arrhythmias in the presence of advanced heart disease (e.g., myocardial infarction) signify an increased risk (two- to fourfold). The optimal approach to risk reduction, however, is uncertain, and empirical therapy with standard antiarrhythmic agents alone appears inadequate. Antiarrhythmic drugs may be classified into four groups based on electrophysiological and pharmacological effects, and class I (membrane-active) agents are now divided into three subgroups (classes IA, IB, and IC). Current agents are far from ideal. Four new agents, however, are becoming available: tocainide (1984) and mexiletine (1985-1986) (class IB, lidocaine congeners); flecainide (1985) (class IC); and amiodarone (1986) (class III). These agents will extend the current scope of antiarrhythmic therapy. Novel nonpharmacological therapies are also becoming increasingly important, including surgical and catheter ablation procedures after electrophysiological mapping, advanced pacemaker/cardioverter units for tachyarrhythmia termination, and automatic implantable defibrillator devices. These new developments promise more specific and successful arrhythmia management in the future.
Effect of Manures and Mulching on yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Desiree (2009)

This studies was conducted in the experimental field, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Abu-Ghraib,during at the fall and spring seasons 2006-2007. by using Desiree cultivar potato. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sources of organic manure and mulching with black polyethylene sheets in the growth, yield and yield component of potato plans. Split- plot design were adapted, the first factor inculded either without black polyethylene sheet (M0) or using it (M1). The second factor was included the using of 6 types of organic manure; the first without organic manure (control T0). The second chemical fertilizer (T1), The third sheep manure (T2), The forth local peatmoss(T3),The fifth dry Pow humus(T4) and the sixth liquid Humic acid. L.S.D were used to compare the means at a 5% level of significances. The results showed that Mulching with black polyethylene (M1) significantly increased the yield/ plant and total yield for both seasons to reached 615.11and 710.56 gm and 29.40 and 35.82 ton hec for both seasons respectively . as compared with the control (M0) to reached 525.56 and 663.89 gm and 23.05 and 33.25 ton hec. And showed of Treating potato plants with chemical fertilizer (T1) and sheep manure (T2) significantly increased the total yield in fall season to reached 33.91and 30.79 ton hec respectively while in spring season was 42.70 and 41.42 ton hec as compared with the control (T0) to reached 19.45 and 29.72 ton hec to both control seasons respectively.And results showed of Mulching with black polyethylene and chemical fertilizer (MITI) and mulching with black polyethylene with sheep manure (M1T2) significantly increased the total yield in fall season to reached 38.30 and 34.62 ton hec and in spring season 44.27 and 43.14 ton hec while to decreased 17.05 and 28.30 ton hec. in control treatment (M0T0) without Mulching and manuring for both seasons.
Studies on the metabolism of isopnosphamide (NSC-109724) in man. (1976)

A method is described for the quantitative determination of cyclophosphamide, isophosphamide, and trophosphamide and their stable alkylating metabolites on thin-layer chromatography plates with the aid of 4-pyridinealdehydr-2-benzothiazolylhydrazone (PBH). The method requires only 0.01-0.02 ml of urine from patients treated with high doses of cyclophosphamide of isophosphamide, but a careful standarization is required by using reference substances. In the urine of patients treated with isophosphamide, the 4-carboxy derivative and two different dechloroethyl derivatives resulting from side-chain oxidation are the predominant metabolites determined, next to isophosphamide. Side-chain oxidation may be prevalent. Determination of isophosphamide and its stable alkylating metabolites in the urine of 25 patients shows that the ratio of unchanged isophosphamide to its metabolites varies widely. The mean value of the total amount of PBH-reactive compounds exceeded 50% of the given dose, whereas less than 1% was found to be converted to urine metabolites which release acrolein.
Chimeric <i>Vitreoscilla</i> Hemoglobin (VHb) Carrying a Flavoreductase Domain Relieves Nitrosative Stress in <i>Escherichia coli</i> : New Insight into the Functional Role of VHb (2002)

Dimeric hemoglobin (VHb) from the bacterium Vitreoscilla sp. strain C1 displays 30 to 53% sequence identity with the heme-binding domain of flavohemoglobins (flavoHbs) and exhibits the presence of potential sites for the interaction with its FAD/NADH reductase partner. The intersubunit contact region of VHb indicates a small interface between two monomers of the homodimer, suggesting that the VHb dimers may dissociate easily. Gel filtration chromatography of VHb exhibited a 25 to 30% monomeric population of VHb, at a low protein concentration (0.05 mg/ml), whereas dimeric VHb remained dominant at a high protein concentration (10 mg/ml). The structural characteristics of VHb suggest that the flavoreductase can also associate and interact with VHb in a manner analogous to flavoHbs and could yield a flavo-VHb complex. To unravel the functional relevance of the VHb-reductase association, the reductase domain of flavoHb from Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) was genetically engineered to generate a VHb-reductase chimera (VHb-R). The physiological implications of VHb and VHb-R were studied in an hmp mutant of Escherichia coli, incapable of producing any flavoHb. Cellular respiration the of the hmp mutant was instantaneously inhibited in the presence of 10 microM nitric oxide (NO) but remained insensitive to NO inhibition when these cells produced VHb-R. In addition, E. coli overproducing VHb-R exhibited NO consumption activity that was two to three times slower in cells overexpressing only VHb and totally undetectable in the control cells. A purified preparation of VHb-R exhibited a three- to fourfold-higher NADH-dependent NO uptake activity than that of VHb alone. Overproduction of VHb-R in the hmp mutant of E. coli conferred relief from the toxicity of sodium nitroprusside, whereas VHb alone provided only partial benefit under similar condition, suggesting that the association of VHb with reductase improves its capability to relieve the deleterious effect of nitrosative stress. Based on these results, it has been proposed that the unique structural features of VHb may allow it to acquire two functional states in vivo, namely, a single-domain homodimer that may participate in facilitated oxygen transfer or a two-domain heterodimer in association with its partner reductase that may be involved in modulating the cellular response under different environmental conditions. Due to this inherent structural flexibility, it may perform multiple functions in the cellular metabolism of its host. Separation of the oxidoreductase domain from VHb may thus provide a physiological advantage to its host.
Immunolocalisation of the VEGF receptors FLT-1, KDR, and FLT-4 in diabetic retinopathy (1999)

This study supports a role for FLT-1, KDR, and possibly FLT-4 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy; however, their specific roles in the progression of the disease may differ.
Potential antitumor agents. VII. Bisquaternary salts (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antitumor agents. VII. Bisquaternary saltsG. J. Atwell, Bruce F. Cain, and Ralph N. SeelyeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 2, 300–305Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00308a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00308a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C-Terminal Region of Human Somatostatin Receptor 5 Is Required for Induction of Rb and G<sub>1</sub>Cell Cycle Arrest (1999)

Ligand-activated somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) initiate cytotoxic or cytostatic antiproliferative signals. We have previously shown that cytotoxicity leading to apoptosis was signaled solely via human (h) SSTR subtype 3, whereas the other four hSSTR subtypes initiated a cytostatic response that led to growth inhibition. In the present study we characterized the antiproliferative signaling mediated by hSSTR subtypes 1, 2, 4, and 5 in CHO-K1 cells. We report here that cytostatic signaling via these subtypes results in induction of the retinoblastoma protein Rb and G1 cell cycle arrest. Immunoblot analysis revealed an increase in hypophosphorylated form of Rb in agonist-treated cells. The relative efficacy of these receptors to initiate cytostatic signaling was hSSTR5 > hSSTR2 > hSSTR4 approximately = hSSTR1. Cytostatic signaling via hSSTR5 also induced a marginal increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. hSSTR5-initiated cytostatic signaling was G protein dependent and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) mediated. Octreotide treatment induced a translocation of cytosolic PTP to the membrane, whereas it did not stimulate PTP activity when added directly to the cell membranes. C-tail truncation mutants of hSSTR5 displayed progressive loss of antiproliferative signaling proportional to the length of deletion, as reflected by the marked decrease in the effects of octreotide on membrane translocation of cytosolic PTP, and induction of Rb and G1 arrest. These data demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of hSSTR5 is required for cytostatic signaling that is PTP dependent and leads to induction of hypophosphorylated Rb and G1 arrest.
Electrical impedance tomography reconstruction for three-dimensional imaging of the prostate (2010)

Transrectal electrical impedance tomography (TREIT) has been proposed as an adjunct modality for enhancing standard clinical ultrasound (US) imaging of the prostate. The proposed TREIT probe has an array of electrodes adhered to the surface of a cylindrical US probe that is introduced inside of the imaging volume. Reconstructing TREIT images in the open-domain geometry established with this technique poses additional challenges to those encountered with closed-domain geometries, present in more conventional EIT systems, because of the rapidly decaying current densities at increasing distances from the probe surface. We developed a finite element method (FEM)-based dual-mesh reconstruction algorithm which employs an interpolation scheme for linking a fine forward mesh with a coarse grid of pixels, used for conductivity estimation. Simulation studies using the developed algorithm demonstrate the feasibility of imaging moderately contrasting inclusions at distances of three times the probe radius from the probe surface and at multiple angles about the probe's axis. The large, dense FEM meshes used here require significant computational effort. We have optimized our reconstruction algorithm with multi-core processing hardware and efficient parallelized computational software packages to achieve a speedup of 9.3 times when compared to a more traditional Matlab-based, single CPU solution. The simulation findings and computational optimization provide a state-of-the-art reconstruction platform for use in further evaluating transrectal electrical impedance tomography.
Temperature dependence of narrow-band terahertz generation from periodically poled lithium niobate (2000)

Femtosecond optical pulses are used to generate narrow-band terahertz wave forms via optical rectification in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. By cooling the crystal to reduce losses due to phonon absorption, we are able to obtain bandwidths as narrow as 18 GHz at a carrier frequency of 1.8 THz. Temperature-dependent measurements show insignificant bandwidth broadening between 10 and 120 K, although the terahertz power substantially decreases as the temperature increases. Absolute power measurements indicate a conversion efficiency of at least 10−5.
Le sevrage de la corticothérapie au long cours : protocole et fiches de conseils (1999)

50 ans se sont écoulés depuis l'observation par HENCH de l'intérêt des corticoïdes en thérapeutique. Encore aujourd'hui ils font partie des médicaments les plus efficaces et les plus prescrits dans le traitement d'un grand nombre de pathologies présentant un caractèreinflammatoire. Les médecins de toutes spécialités sont en effet conduits à utiliser les corticoïdes en pratique courante, par voie générale ou par voie locale. Ils doivent garder à l'esprit que, comme toute thérapeutique active, les traitements par corticoïdes sont accompagnés de nombreux effets secondaires. Si la structure, le mode d'action et les effets secondaires de ces médicaments sont bien connus, leur prescription reste encore empirique, particulièrement, lors de traitements prolongés. Un certain consensus a pu être établi dans les modalités de traitement, mais on nele retrouve pas lorsqu'il s'agit de procéder au sevrage. Ce travail ne prétend pas révolutionner le sevrage des corticothérapies, mais propose auxthérapeutes, à partir des nombreux protocoles plus ou moins complexes existants, une base de travail la plus facile à mettre en œuvre et la plus simple possible, ainsi que certains "outils" pour faciliter la compréhension du traitement par le patient, compréhension qui est un gage majeur d'efficacité. Cette réflexion nous a permis de constater que de nombreux points restent à éclaircir dans la corticothérapie au long cours et son sevrage, plus particulièrement dans l'étude du "syndrôme de manque" aux corticoïdes qui, s'il est souvent abordé dans la littérature, reste très peudocumenté.
Recent developments and challenges of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring technology (2012)

Rapid progress in several high-tech industries has significantly increased the need for dimensional micro- and nano-metrology. Structures to be measured are becoming more complex with smaller structure widths and higher aspect ratios in increasingly larger surface regions and potentially highly curved surfaces. Significant international effort can be seen to develop high-capacity measuring machines with nanometre precision in growing measuring ranges up to hundreds of millimetres. This paper begins with an outline of the requirements stemming from high-tech developments currently being done or expected in the future and discusses recent developments in the field of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring technology with respect to basic measurement approaches, laser interferometer systems. The large range of nanoprobe systems usable in nanomeasuring machines is discussed, such as optical focus sensors, white light interferometer microscopes, CCD camera microscopes using the depth from the focus method, tactile stylus probes, atomic force microscopes (AFMs) and 3D microprobes. The versatile properties of these sensors allow the machine to be used in many different metrological applications. The paper also introduces a multi-sensor approach using a microscope revolver. It concludes with an illustration of metrologically challenging measurements, e.g., scanning micro-structures of curved optical surfaces or performing AFM scans of very large regions with significant data volume.
Fabrication of Ideally Ordered Nanoporous Alumina Films and Integrated Alumina Nanotubule Arrays by High‐Field Anodization (2005)

A new and rapid approach to fabricating highly ordered nanoporous alumina films and integrated alumina nanotubule arrays with perfect hexagonal structures (see Figure and inside cover) is described. By using high-field anodization in a sulfuric acid solution, high-quality self-ordered alumina membranes are produced in hours rather than days. This cost-effective approach to large-area ordered nanoporous membranes may find applications in diverse areas of nanotechnology.
Virtualization of Local Computer Bus Architectures Over the Internet (2007)

We propose a companion solution to iSCSI that is more suited for virtualization of local computer bus architectures, such as PCI/PCI-X and PCI Express. We explore the architecture of a possible virtualization protocol. The solution would allow extension of the host computer bus via an IP network based on 10Gbps Ethernet. This solution would allow adapter cards to be located remote from host systems via the Internet, yet appear as a local bus resource. We present Quality of Service (QOS) goals for PCI Express virtualization and expansion via IP. Critical QOS characteristics such as data transfer rates and latency are discussed. PCI Express transaction types are reviewed to assess whether IP over 10 Gbps Ethernet is suitable as a transport. A general protocol architecture as presently envisioned is described. We introduce a class system for performance categorization. We identify the areas that require further research and investigation. System overhead, latency, and timeouts must be addressed. Methods for configuring and optimizing the data transfer path must be developed.
Growth inhibition of oral mutans streptococci and candida by commercial probiotic lactobacilli - an in vitro study (2010)

The selected probiotic strains showed a significant but somewhat varying ability to inhibit growth of oral mutans streptococci and Candida albicans in vitro.
What's in a name? Looking for people online—humanities (1986)

La recherche documentaire sur les noms d'auteur comme sujet d'etude est tres frequente dans les sciences humaines: il faut pouvoir repondre a des questions du type «qui a ecrit quoi sur qui?» Des exemples de recherches sur les logiciels d'interrogation de DIALOG de BRS ont ete faits pour evaluer les possibilites et les lacunes des reponses a des questions de ce type; les resultats ont ete compares a une recherche manuelle dans des bibliographies imprimees
Investigation of Reverse Leakage Characteristics of InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes on Silicon (2012)

We investigate the reverse leakage characteristics of InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on Si (111) substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The reverse leakage characteristics of InGaN/GaN LED on silicon are measured as low as ~10 nA at -5 V and -10 μA at -15 V. Temperature-dependent current-voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> ) measurements of LED devices reveal that the reverse leakage current mechanism is mainly attributed to the field-enhanced thermionic emission, also known as Poole-Frenkel emission, of carriers from deep centers within the space charge region up to ~ -18 V. The analysis of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> curve yields the calculation of the coefficient of the Poole-Frenkel effect (1.12 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> eV·V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> ) and activation energies of carriers (~214 meV at -5 V). With further increase of reverse bias, up to -40 V, LED devices exhibit the onset of space-charge-limited leakage current mechanism without any local breakdown.