gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exercise Intensity and Blood Pressure During Sleep (2008)

Exercise, of appropriate intensity and duration, could help maintain normotension if post-exercise hypotension persists over subsequent everyday activities. Therefore, we monitored ambulatory blood pressure (BP) for 24 h following four separate exercise bouts which differed in intensity, duration and total work completed. At 08:00 h, six normotensive males completed a no exercise control and, in two further trials, 30 min of cycling at 70 % V O (2 peak) and 40 % V O (2 peak). A fourth trial involved cycling at 40 % V O (2 peak) for a time which equated total work with that in the most intense exercise trial. Between 20 min and 24 h after exercise, ambulatory BP, heart rate (HR) and wrist-activity were compared between trials using general linear models. Participants slept normally at night. Post-exercise changes in BP and HR were not affected by exercise intensity or total work completed from 20 min after exercise until nocturnal sleep-onset (p > 0.21). During sleep, mean arterial BP was lower following exercise at 70 % V O (2 peak) compared to the other trials (p = 0.03), including the 40 % V O (2 peak) trial equated for total work (90 % CI for difference = - 22.1 to - 0.1). We conclude that daytime exercise can elicit a physiologically meaningful lower BP during sleep and exercise intensity is the most important factor in this phenomenon.
Design and Research on Air Conditioning Control Network of Electric Vehicle Based on CAN-Bus (2010)

The design of the electric air-conditioning CANbus communication system makes a target of electric vehicles in order to form digital control network of a number of electronic control unit in electric vehicles, develop electric vehicles CAN (Controller Area Network)bus system, adopting communication protocol SAE J1939;the use of microprocessor STC12C5A60S2 complete design of CAN bus interface circuit; The digital simulation of virtual bus is realized by hardware, then the system was equipped a car with to test its Performance. Test results show that the system works stable, has strong anti-jamming ability, and can meet the real-time communication and integrated control requirements.
Solution structure of the A4 domain of factor XI sheds light on the mechanism of zymogen activation (2007)

Factor XI (FXI) is a homodimeric blood coagulation protein. Each monomer comprises four tandem apple-domain repeats (A1-A4) and a serine protease domain. We report here the NMR solution structure of the A4 domain (residues 272-361), which mediates formation of the disulfide-linked FXI dimer. A4 exhibits characteristic features of the plasminogen apple nematode domain family, including a five-stranded beta-sheet flanked by an alpha-helix on one side and a two-stranded beta-sheet on the other. In addition, the solution structure reveals a second alpha-helix at the C terminus. Comparison with a recent crystal structure of full-length FXI, combined with molecular modeling, suggests that the C-terminal helix is formed only upon proteolytic activation. The newly formed helix disrupts interdomain contacts and reorients the catalytic domains, bringing the active sites into close proximity. This hypothesis is supported by small-angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy data, which indicate that FXI activation is accompanied by a major change in shape. The results are consistent with biochemical evidence that activated FXI cleaves its substrate at two positions without release of an intermediate.
Iodine-Mediated α-Acetoxylation of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles (2012)

A new method for direct α-functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles has been developed. The present reaction provides α-acetoxy indole derivatives regioselectively under mild conditions using commercially available and nontoxic iodine reagents. This reaction is a useful synthetic tool because obtained α-acetoxy products can be transformed into various functionalized indoles by substitution reactions with nucleophiles.
Pivotal Role of the Non- <i>hr</i> Origin of DNA Replication in the Genesis of Defective Interfering Baculoviruses (2002)

The generation of deletion mutants, including defective interfering viruses, upon serial passage of Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) in insect cell culture has been studied. Sequences containing the non-homologous region origin of DNA replication (non-hr ori) became hypermolar in intracellular viral DNA within 10 passages in Se301 insect cells, concurrent with a dramatic drop in budded virus and polyhedron production. These predominant non-hr ori-containing sequences accumulated in larger concatenated forms and were generated de novo as demonstrated by their appearance and accumulation upon infection with a genetically homogeneous bacterial clone of SeMNPV (bacmid). Sequences were identified at the junctions of the non-hr ori units within the concatemers, which may be potentially involved in recombination events. Deletion of the SeMNPV non-hr ori using RecE/RecT-mediated homologous ET recombination in Escherichia coli resulted in a recombinant bacmid with strongly enhanced stability of virus and polyhedron production upon serial passage in insect cells. This suggests that the accumulation of non-hr oris upon passage is due to the replication advantage of these sequences. The non-hr ori deletion mutant SeMNPV bacmid can be exploited as a stable eukaryotic heterologous protein expression vector in insect cells.
Comment on ‘‘Circular Rydberg orbits in circularly polarized microwave radiation’’ (1995)

Rzazewski and Piraux have investigated the ionization of circular Rydberg states in circularly polarized microwave fields [Phys. Rev. A 47, R1612 (1993)]. They find the threshold higher than for a static field and ``in some cases completely different than the prediction based upon the above barrier escape.'' We show that above barrier, stable orbits, may exist, which explains, in part, this finding by Rzazewski and Piraux.
The Role of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmospheric Corrosion of Zinc: A Laboratory Study (1998)

We report on a laboratory study of the atmospheric corrosion of zinc in air containing different concentrations of carbon dioxide (<1, 350, 1000, and 40,000 ppm ). The samples were exposed to synthetic atmospheres with careful control of concentration, sulfur dioxide concentration, relative humidity, and flow conditions. The relative humidity was 95%. Mass gain and metal loss results are reported. The corrosion products were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by a combination of grazing‐angle x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gravimetry, and quantitative analysis for carbonate. The corrosion rate of zinc increased with increasing concentration. In the presence of carbon dioxide formed. Hydrozincite, was only identified after exposure to high concentration. Zinc hydroxycarbonate was converted into hydroxysulfate exposed to air containing 225 ppb . was produced in all exposures including . The zinc hydroxycarbonate surface film formed in the presence of was not protective in humid polluted air.
The “Yobarnie” methods for soil and water conservation (1950)

(1950). The “Yobarnie” methods for soil and water conservation. Australian Geographer: Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 15-22.
Assessment of a technology that permits individualized scan delays on helical hepatic CT: a technique to improve efficiency in use of contrast material. (1996)

Using a contrast dose of 150 ml, CAST provided significantly increased hepatic enhancement than that achieved in control subjects with less variability. For equivalent hepatic enhancement, contrast doses could be decreased by 25 ml using CAST technology because it provides individualized scan delays.
Immunoglobulins in autoimmunity: history and mechanisms of action. (1996)

The search for preparations of human gammaglobulin that could be administered safely intravenously was driven by the need to better manage immune deficiency states. However, when suitable formulations were developed, it was soon realised that large infusions of immunoglobulin could be used to manipulate the immune system. The production of autoantibodies was minimised or their effects neutralised; T cell effector and regulatory function could be manipulated and cytokine release modified. More than fifty human disease states, many until now lacking safe and effective therapies, can be improved by the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved will not only improve therapy but will provide a better understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible.
[The choice of stimulation mode in patients with cardioinhibitory or mixed carotid sinus hypersensitivity, with or without associated sinus dysfunction]. (1989)

In this prospective study, we evaluated pacing therapy in 60 consecutive patients affected by syncopes or pre-syncopes and cardioinhibitory or mixed carotid sinus hypersensitivity. We preferred DDD/DVI pacing for the 26 patients who had: 1) the cardioinhibitory form and presence of symptomatic pacemaker effect, or 2) the mixed type I form and presence of symptomatic pacemaker effect, ventriculo-atrial conduction, or orthostatic hypotension, or 3) the mixed type II form, or 4) the presence of severe sinus bradycardia. We preferred VVI mode in the other 34 patients. Syncope or pre-syncope persisted in one patient of the VVI group after the pacemaker implant and in one patient of the DDD/DVI group. Therefore, we obtained the suppression of severe symptoms in 97% of cases (58/60 pts). Yet minor symptoms persisted in 35% and 38% of patients of the two groups, respectively. No patient developed clinical signs of cardiac insufficiency or intolerance to pacing therapy. Besides, in DDD/DVI patients, we performed a single-blind, randomized, cross-over study for a comparison between the DDD/DVI and VVI mode: each patient was paced for two months using each mode and for each period symptoms were analyzed. The VVI period, compared to the DDD/DVI, resulted in a significantly higher incidence of symptoms: syncope 8% vs. 0%; pre-syncope 31% vs 0%; minor symptoms 58% vs. 31%; cardiac failure 19% vs. 0%. So the DDD/DVI mode was preferred by 69% of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facile Synthesis of Polyaniline−Sodium Alginate Nanofibers (2006)

This work demonstrates a facile route to the synthesis of large quantities of uniform polyaniline-sodium alginate (PANI-SA) nanofibers template-guided by SA. This approach is an easy, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and scalable one-step method to produce uniform nanofibers with controllable average diameters in bulk quantities. We started with biopolymer-monomer complexes formed between the carboxylic groups of SA and the amino group of an organic monomer (aniline). When ammonium persulfate was added, such polymer-monomer complexes could be polymerized. Then, polyaniline-sodium alginate nanofibers with uniform diameters from 40 to 100 nm were successfully obtained in a high yield. The resultant PANI-SA nanofibers were characterized by means of different techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods. The mechanism governing the formation of the polyaniline-sodium alginate nanofibers is discussed.
Covert computation (2013)

As malicious software gets increasingly sophisticated and resilient to detection, new concepts for the identification of malicious behavior are developed by academia and industry alike. While today's malware detectors primarily focus on syntactical analysis (i.e., signatures of malware samples), the concept of semantic-aware malware detection has recently been proposed. Here, the classification is based on models that represent the underlying machine and map the effects of instructions on the hardware. In this paper, we demonstrate the incompleteness of these models and highlight the threat of malware, which exploits the gap between model and machine to stay undetectable. To this end, we introduce a novel concept we call covert computation, which implements functionality in side effects of microprocessors. For instance, the flags register can be used to calculate basic arithmetical and logical operations. Our paper shows how this technique could be used by malware authors to hide malicious code in a harmless-looking program. Furthermore, we demonstrate the resilience of covert computation against semantic-aware malware scanners.
Synthesis of a Pentekontapeptide with High Lipolytic Activity Corresponding to the Carboxyl-Terminal Fifty Amino Acids of Ovine β-Lipotropin (1974)

The synthesis of a peptide, composed of fifty amino-acid residues, corresponding to positions 42-91 in ovine beta-lipotropin has been accomplished by the solidphase method. The preformed symmetrical anhydride and active ester coupling methods were used exclusively. The synthetic product was purified by gel filtration, carboxymethylcellulose chromatography, and partition chromatography on Sephadex G-50. Its lipolytic activity in isolated rabbit fat cells was about six times that of beta-lipotropin on a weight basis.
ChemInform Abstract: Organosolv Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Enhanced Enzymatic Saccharification (2016)

Abstract Review: 202 refs.
Robust beamforming under uncertainties in the loudspeakers directivity pattern (2014)

In this paper we propose a robust beamforming technique which takes into account uncertainties and variations in the radiation pattern of the loudspeakers. The proposed technique is based on the solution of a robust least-square problem in which the propagation matrix is to some extent unknown. Both simulations and experimental results prove the validity of the proposed methodology in terms of directivity index and white noise gain.
Climate change and greenhouse gases (1999)

Infrared (IR) active gases, principally water vapor (H 2O ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ), naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere, absorb thermal IR radiation emitted by the Earth's surface and atmosphere. The atmosphere is warmed by this mechanism and, in turn, emits IR radiation, with a significant portion of this energy acting to warm the surface and the lower atmosphere. As a consequence the average surface air temperature of the Earth is about 30°C higher than it would be without atmospheric absorption and reradiation of IR energy [ Kellogg , 1996; Peixoto and Oort , 1992; Henderson‐Sellers and Robinson, 1986]. This phenomenon is popularly known as the “greenhouse effect,” and the IR active gases responsible for the effect are likewise referred to as “greenhouse gases.” The rapid increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases since the industrial period began has given rise to concern over potential resultant climate changes.
A parametric polyphase domain approach to blind calibration of timing mismatches for M-channel time-interleaved ADCs (2010)

We propose a blind calibration algorithm for removing the distortion created by timing mismatches in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs). A polyphase domain model of the TIADC which is parameterized by the timing mismatches is introduced. The model is used to derive correction and estimation methods which work in tandem. The adaptive blind estimation method only requires a slight amount of oversampling. Further the overall calibration method has a low complexity, can track drifting timing mismatches, and has an easily updateable correction network.
Asymmetric flapping for a robotic fly using a hybrid power-control actuator (2009)

This paper continues the exploration of the design space for an insect-sized autonomous flapping-wing MAV with the goal of stable hovering. Previous work has focused on the use of a large primary power actuator to generate flapping motion and smaller ¿control¿ actuators to asymmetrically alter wing kinematics. Here a new iteration of this concept is presented, merging the two actuator types to create a ¿hybrid¿ power-control actuator. Kinematic and dynamic models for wing motion are presented, and the predictions of these models are compared to experimental results from a prototype design. Controllable asymmetry in wing kinematics can be mapped into controllable body torques via an aerodynamic model, and this information can be used for the generation of control laws for stable hover and eventually highly agile aerial vehicles.
Self-aligned packaging of an 8×8 InGaAsP-InP space switch (1997)

By using an efficient and alignment tolerant fiber-chip coupling technology we can realize semiconductor space switches with a new and highly promising modular architecture. We present a completely packaged 8/spl times/8 matrix switch based on InGaAsP-InP intended for routing applications around wavelength 1.55 /spl mu/m. The matrix is composed of sixteen 1/spl times/8 InGaAsP-InP switches that are optically interconnected by a shuffle comprising 64 single-mode fibers (SMFs). All the fiber ports of the InGaAsP-InP chips are provided with monolithically integrated optical spot-size transformers (MOSTs) that allow simple yet highly efficient self-aligned multifiber coupling. The 8/spl times/8 matrix shows a fiber-matrix-fiber insertion losses of 20 dB and a crosstalk suppressions of 28 dB. An extension of the matrix architecture to a 64/spl times/64 switch seems straightforward.
The Effects of Diesel Ignition Improvers In Low-Sulfur Fuels on Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Four commercially available low-sulfur diesel fuels were additized with two chemically different cetane improvers. Both neat and additized fuels were evaluated in a 1991 prototype heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine using the EPA Hot Start Transient Cycle. Hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>), and particulate emissions were determined for each of the 18 fuel formulations tested. Results show that cetane improvers lower HC and CO emissions and, in some cases, NO<sub>x</sub> and particulate emissions. CO and HC emissions decreased as cetane number increased. The use of cetane improvers should help refiners design diesel fuel formulations which meet California requirements and assist original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) in meeting their emission targets.</div>
TEMPERATURE FIBER-OPTIC POINT SENSORS: COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS (2010)

Temperature fiber-optic point-sensors have been commercialized for about two decades. Among the various available optical sensing technologies, only few ones have lead to commercial successes. For instance, temperature could be measured by fluorescence decay time of a phosphorus compound excited with UV light; the higher the temperature, the faster the decay. Semiconductor band-gap thermal properties could also be used for temperature sensing. As an example for GaAs, the wavelengths transmission cut-off is increasing al linearly with temperature (~0.3 nm/°C). By analyzing with a spectrometer the reflected spectrum of a white-light source, temperature could be deduced. Interferometry-based technology such as Fabry-Perot is also a field-proven method for accurate measurement of temperature in various applications. In this case, the optical path of a Fabry-Perot cavity is changing with temperature (~20 nm/°C). Finally with fiber Bragg grating technology, a Bragg grating is written inside the fiber and reflects a given wavelength which is slightly shifting with temperature (~10 pm/°C). Several industrial applications involving temperature measurement contributed to the development of commercial optical fiber sensing technologies. Those include for instance the real-time temperature monitoring of hot spots in high-power transformers, of semiconductor plasma etchers or of microwave chemical reactors. Applications in the food industry or in the medical field are now also appearing.
New Oxides Showing an Intense Blue Color Based on Mn<sup>3+</sup> in Trigonal-Bipyramidal Coordination (2010)

Substitution of Mn(3+) into the trigonal-bipyramidal sites of oxides with YbFe(2)O(4)-related structures produces an intense blue color because of an allowed d-d transition. This has been demonstrated utilizing a variety of hosts including ScAlMgO(4), ScGaMgO(4), LuGaMgO(4), ScGaZnO(4), LuGaZnO(4), and LuGaO(3)(ZnO)(2). The hue of the blue color can be controlled by the choice of the host.
Motion Vector Sharing and Bitrate Allocation for 3D Video-Plus-Depth Coding (2008)

The video-plus-depth data representation uses a regular texture video enriched with the so-called depth map, providing the depth distance for each pixel. The compression efficiency is usually higher for smooth, gray level data representing the depth map than for classical video texture. However, improvements of the coding efficiency are still possible, taking into account the fact that the video and the depth map sequences are strongly correlated. Classically, the correlation between the texture motion vectors and the depth map motion vectors is not exploited in the coding process. The aim of this paper is to reduce the amount of information for describing the motion of the texture video and of the depth map sequences by sharing one common motion vector field. Furthermore, in the literature, the bitrate control scheme generally fixes for the depth map sequence a percentage of 20% of the texture stream bitrate. However, this fixed percentage can affect the depth coding efficiency, and it should also depend on the content of each sequence. We propose a new bitrate allocation strategy between the texture and its associated per-pixel depth information. We provide comparative analysis to measure the quality of the resulting sequences.
Modeling the Air-Cooled Gas Turbine: Part 1—General Thermodynamics (2002)

Abstract This paper is Part I of a study concerned with developing a formal framework for modeling air-cooled gas turbine cycles and deals with basic thermodynamic issues. Such cycles involve gas mixtures with varying composition which must be modeled realistically. A possible approach is to define just two components, air and gas, the latter being the products of stoichiometric combustion of the fuel with air. If these components can be represented as ideal gases, the entropy increase due to compositional mixing, although a true exergy loss, can be ignored for the purpose of performance prediction. This provides considerable simplification. Consideration of three idealized simple cycles shows that the introduction of cooling with an associated thermal mixing loss does not necessarily result in a loss of cycle efficiency. This is no longer true when real gas properties and turbomachinery losses are included. The analysis clarifies the role of the cooling losses and shows the importance of assessing performance in the context of the complete cycle. There is a strong case for representing the cooling losses in terms of irreversible entropy production as this provides a formalized framework, clarifies the modeling difficulties, and aids physical interpretation. Results are presented that show the effects on performance of varying cooling flowrates and cooling losses. A comparison between simple and reheat cycles highlights the ro^le of the thermal mixing loss. Detailed modeling of the heat transfer and cooling losses is discussed in Part II of this paper.