gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exercise Training during Hemodialysis (1986)

Fourteen maintenance hemodialysis patients volunteered to participate in a 6-month program of exercise training. The exercise was performed on a stationary bicycle during the hemodialysis treatment. Six maintenance hemodialysis patients served as control without exercise training. Exercising patients participated in 91% of all possible exercise sessions. The exercise group showed a significant (23%) increase in maximal oxygen consumption over the 6 months. No change in exercise capacity resulted in the control group. Five of eight hypertensive patients in the exercise group decreased or discontinued antihypertensive medications. No changes occurred in hematocrit or lipid profiles in either group. We conclude that exercise training during the hemodialysis treatment is technically feasible and safe for appropriately screened patients and will increase exercise capacity, and in some patients improve blood pressure control. Exercise during dialysis also improves compliance to regular exercise and facilitates supervised exercise sessions, which are desirable in this patient group.
Analysis of <b><i>Bacillus globigii</i></b> spores by CE (2008)

It is imperative in today's world that harmful airborne or solution-based microbes can be detected quickly and efficiently. Bacillus globigii (Bg) spores are used as a simulant for Bacillus anthracis (Ba) due to their similar shape, size, and cellular makeup. The utility of CE to separate and detect low levels of Bg spore concentrations will be evaluated. To differentiate spores from background particulates, several dyes, including fluorescamine, C-10, NN-127, Red-1c, and indocyanine green (ICG), were utilized as noncovalent labels for proteins on the Bg spore surface, as well as for HSA and homoserine standards. On-column labeling, with dye present in the running buffer, was utilized to obtain greater sensitivity and better separation. CE with LIF detection enables interactions between the dye and spore surface proteins to be observed, with enhanced fluorescence occurring upon binding of the dye to surface protein. Resulting electropherograms showed unique fingerprints for each dye with Bg spores. Migration times were under 10 min for all dye-spore complexes, with net mobilities ranging from 3.5x10(-4) to 6.9x10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), and calibration curves yielded correlation coefficients of 0.98 or better for four of the dyes studied.
Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen Transfer Reactions: Comparison of Structural Data with Electrocatalytic Phenomena for Bismuth‐Doped Lead Dioxide (1989)

X‐ray structural data, evolution overpotentials , and rate constants are compared for anodic oxidation of Mn(II) and 2‐thiophene carboxylic acid (2‐TCA) at Bi‐doped in . It is concluded that the rutile structure of pure deposited anodically from containing Pb(II) is retained even as the Bi(III) content is increased to , i.e., mole fraction . There is no evidence of a new oxide phase being formed. Crystallites of the are deposited with an increasing preferential orientation of the 020‐plane parallel to the Au substrate surface as the ratio Bi/Pb is increased. Increasing values of and decreasing values of appear to be correlated with the increased preferential orientation. However, change in preferential orientation is concluded not to be the primary determining factor in the electrocatalytic phenomena. The kinetic results are discussed also on the basis of the so‐called "volcano plot" of as a function of the enthalpy of transition between the two highest oxide phases for metal oxide electrodes.
HLA-DR and disease associations. (1981)

Recent data from the literature on the association of HLA-DR antigens with various diseases are presented. These data indicate that many diseases show stronger associations with these antigens than with other HLA-locus antigens. Included in this group are multiple sclerosis (DR2), diabetes (DR3), and pemphigus vulgaris (DR4). In earlier studies other diseases - rheumatoid arthritis and Goodpasture's syndrome, which were not found to be associated with HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens - show associations with DR4 and DR2, respectively. If population association is due to linkage disequilibrium, then the DR locus must be closer to the hypothesized disease susceptibility genes than are other HLA loci. Examination of the family data with appropriate methods of segregation and linkage analysis could clarify the genetic bases of some of these disorders.
Weakening of muskmelon perisperm envelope tissue during germination (1995)

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) embryos are enclosed in an envelope of tissue consisting of a layer of endosperm and a multi-cell-layered perisperm that the radicle must penetrate for germination to occur. The force and energy required to penetrate the perisperm envelope tissue were measured using an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm min −1 after 0, 10, 15, 22, 23, and 25 h of imbibition at 25°C. The cellular structure of perisperm envelope tissue surrounding the radicle was observed after 10, 15, 20, 25, and 48 h of imbibition using scanning electron microscopy. The force required to puncture 5-mmlong, micropylar seed pieces declined steadily from 1.65 N in dried seeds to 0.65 N after 21 h of imbibition. The penetration energy declined from 3.0 N mm in dry seeds to 1.1 N mm at 21 h after the start of imbibition when the first seeds germinated. The force and energy required to penetrate germinated seed pieces were 0.55 N and 0.9 N mm, respectively, so the net puncture force and energy needed to rupture the micropylar region of the perisperm envelope was roughly 0.10 N and 0.2 N mm at radicle emergence, respectively. Instron measurements of penetration force and energy decreased dramatically at crosshead speeds less than the 5 mm min −1 . Crosshead speeds greater than 5 mm min −1 may overestimate the pressure needed to rupture perisperm and endosperm tissues. Intracellular cracks were first observed in SEM images 15 h after the start of imbibition, and after 20 h cracking was apparent throughout the micropylar region of the perisperm envelope. The perisperm envelope ruptured in one of two ways, coincident with radicle emergence. In approximately 85% of muskmelon seeds, a large crack formed in the perisperm envelope adjacent to the radicle, while in roughly 15% a circular area of the perisperm envelope detached during radicle emergence. In dead seeds, the penetration force remained constant from 10-24 h after the start of imbibition, and there were no visible signs of tissue degradation. Cellular degradation and weakening of the perisperm envelope tissue precedes radicle emergence in muskmelon seeds
Three-dimensional all-dielectric metamaterial solid immersion lens for subwavelength imaging at visible frequencies (2016)

Although all-dielectric metamaterials offer a low-loss alternative to current metal-based metamaterials to manipulate light at the nanoscale and may have important applications, very few have been reported to date owing to the current nanofabrication technologies. We develop a new "nano-solid-fluid assembly" method using 15-nm TiO2 nanoparticles as building blocks to fabricate the first three-dimensional (3D) all-dielectric metamaterial at visible frequencies. Because of its optical transparency, high refractive index, and deep-subwavelength structures, this 3D all-dielectric metamaterial-based solid immersion lens (mSIL) can produce a sharp image with a super-resolution of at least 45 nm under a white-light optical microscope, significantly exceeding the classical diffraction limit and previous near-field imaging techniques. Theoretical analysis reveals that electric field enhancement can be formed between contacting TiO2 nanoparticles, which causes effective confinement and propagation of visible light at the deep-subwavelength scale. This endows the mSIL with unusual abilities to illuminate object surfaces with large-area nanoscale near-field evanescent spots and to collect and convert the evanescent information into propagating waves. Our all-dielectric metamaterial design strategy demonstrates the potential to develop low-loss nanophotonic devices at visible frequencies.
A Model for the Measurement of Patient Activity in a Hospital Suite (2006)

At the time of hospitalization, it is essential to evaluate the general health status of a patient and to follow up the trends during therapy. Our work is focused on a set of tools for the measurement of patient activity. In this paper, we propose a few indicators of the patient activities of daily living, such as mobility, agitation, repartitions of stays, and displacements. As a result of this work, a diagnostic system was developed that could lead to a deeper knowledge of human activity rhythms in normal situations.
Chondrocytes Provide Morphogenic Signals That Selectively Induce Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2002)

During endochondral bone development cartilage formation always precedes that of bone, leading to the hypothesis that chondrocytes provide inductive signals for osteogenesis. To test this hypothesis, C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells were cocultured in membrane separated trans-well culture chambers with nonhypertrophic chondrocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, calvaria osteoblasts, or tendon fibroblasts derived from embryonic chickens to assess if individual cell types would selectively promote osteogenic differentiation. Then, differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells in coculture were compared with that induced by bone morphogenetic protein 7 or osteogenic protein-1 (BMP-7; OP-1) treatment. Osteogenesis, as determined by the expression of Cbfa1 and osteocalcin (OC) messenger RNAs (mRNAs), was induced strongly in C3H10T1/2 cells cocultured with both chondrocyte cell populations but was not induced by coculture with either osteoblasts or skin fibroblasts. Interestingly, treatment of C3H10T1/2 cells with BMP-7 induced both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, and only osteogenic differentiation was observed in the C3H10T1/2 cells cocultured with chondrocytes. No alterations in the expression of mRNAs for BMP-1 to -8 were observed in the C3H10T1/2 cells under any of the coculture conditions. This shows that the induction of endogenous BMPs by coculture does not regulate osteogenesis in an autocrine manner. These results show that chondrocytes express soluble morphogenetic factors that selectively promote osteogenesis, and this selective effect is not mimicked by an exogenously added BMP.
An accurate and versatile vibrating capacitor for surface and adsorption studies (1977)

The analysis of the desirable features of a vibrating-capacitor probe for adsorption studies and the disturbing effects which hinder their realisation has led to the construction of a set-up which combines low noise and drift, good reproducibility even after movement of the sample, and a low time constant. It is particularly suited for kinetic measurements in adsorption studies for which it is practical to provide direct differentiation of the output; it can also be used for accurate measurements of absolute contact potential differences.
Steroid sulfatase inhibitors (1999)

Steroid sulfatase catalyses the hydrolysis of sulfated steroids to their corresponding hydroxylated forms. Since oestrogens and androgens can be synthesised intracellularly from the abundant circulating sulfated steroids, steroid sulfatase inhibitors should prove to be valuable therapeutic agents for the treatment of hormono-dependent diseases. Furthermore, steroid sulfatase inhibitors have been reported to control brain concentrations of sulfated neurosteroids and also to improve memory. Such therapeutic potential stimulated research and development of steroid sulfatase inhibitors and important progress has been achieved during the last ten years. This review focuses on patented steroid sulfatase inhibitors, but discussion of unpatented inhibitors published in the literature has been included to complement the information presented.
Cyclopentadienone Iron Alcohol Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Implications for the Mechanism of Iron-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Aldehydes (2009)

Cyclopentadienone iron alcohol complexes generated from the reactions of [2,5-(SiMe(3))(2)-3,4-(CH(2))(4)(eta(5)-C(4)COH)]Fe(CO)(2)H (3) and aldehydes were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The benzyl alcohol complex [2,5-(SiMe(3))(2)-3,4-(CH(2))(4)(eta(4)-C(4)CO)]Fe(CO)(2)(HOCH(2)C(6)H(5)) (6-H) was also characterized by X-ray crystallography. These alcohol complexes are thermally unstable and prone to dissociate the coordinated alcohols. The alcohol ligand is easily replaced by other ligands such as PhCN, pyridine, and PPh(3). Dissociation of the alcohol ligand in the presence of H(2) leads to the formation of iron hydride 3. The reduction of aldehydes by 3 was carried out in the presence of both potential intermolecular and intramolecular traps. The reaction of 3 with PhCHO in the presence of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol as a potential intermolecular trapping agent initially produced only iron complex 6-H of the newly formed benzyl alcohol. However, the reaction of 3 with 4-(HOCD(2))C(6)H(4)CHO, which possesses a potential intramolecular alcohol trapping agent, afforded two alcohol complexes, one with the newly formed alcohol coordinated to iron and the other with the trapping alcohol coordinated. The intramolecular trapping experiments support a mechanism involving concerted transfer of a proton from OH and hydride from Fe of 3 to aldehydes. The kinetics and mechanism of the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde catalyzed by 3 are presented.
Rock in our soul (2000)

Late in 1998 it was announced to universal approval that the Olympic torch would be lit for the first time in Australia at Uluru. It was an inspired choice. For indigenous Australians, in the words of Games advisor Miss Lowitja O'Donohue, Uluru is the 'most sacred and spiritual place on earth.'1 Other Australians recognise this; for us, as well, the monolith, rising over 340 metres out of the desert plain in almost the exact centre of the continent, is symbolic of our country on a number of different levels, and it is recognised as such around the world. Organisers, seeking a symbol of unity in a time of reconciliation, could not have done better.
Suppression of GATA factor activity causes axis duplication in <i>Xenopus</i> (1998)

In Xenopus, the dorsoventral axis is patterned by the interplay between active signalling in ventral territories, and secreted antagonists from Spemann's organiser. Two signals are important in ventral cells, bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and Wnt-8. BMP-4 plays a conserved role in patterning the vertebrate dorsoventral axis, whilst the precise role of Wnt-8 and its relationship with BMP-4, are still unclear. Here we have investigated the role played by the GATA family of transcription factors, which are expressed in ventral mesendoderm during gastrulation and are required for the differentiation of blood and endodermal tissues. Injection ventrally of a dominant-interfering GATA factor (called G2en) induced the formation of secondary axes that phenocopy those induced by the dominant-negative BMP receptor. However, unlike inhibiting BMP signalling, inhibiting GATA activity in the ectoderm does not lead to neuralisation. In addition, analysis of gene expression in G2en injected embryos reveals that at least one known target gene for BMP-4, the homeobox gene Vent-2, is unaffected. In contrast, the expression of Wnt-8 and the homeobox gene Vent-1 is suppressed by G2en, whilst the organiser-secreted BMP antagonist chordin becomes ectopically expressed. These data therefore suggest that GATA activity is essential for ventral cell fate and that subsets of ventralising and dorsalising genes require GATA activity for their expression and suppression, respectively. Finally, using G2en, we show that suppression of Wnt-8 expression, in conjunction with blocked BMP signalling, does not lead to head formation, suggesting that the head-suppressing Wnt signal may not be Wnt-8.
The Needle and the Damage Done: How Hoffman Plastics Promotes Sweatshops and Illegal Immigration and What to Do About It (2004)

This paper examines the intersection of immigration and labor law as developed in federal law, culminating in the recent Supreme Court case, Hoffman Plastics. Arguing that Hoffman was wrongly decided, the paper further demonstrates that stronger penalties are necessary under the NLRA to deter employer wrongdoing, protect workers’ rights, and slow the proliferation of sweatshops.
Water law publication a first for SA : policy & legislation (2008)

The new water law compendium, published by the Water Research Commission (WRC) is proving a valuable legal resource in the implementation of the National Water Act (NWA).
Navigation of unmanned underwater vehicles for scientific surveys (2002)

Possible navigation methods for unmanned underwater vehicles are described and the limits of their accuracy are reviewed. The best approach seems to be the use of a sparse network of bottom-laid acoustic transponders giving only sporadic coverage of the area, together with a high-accuracy dead reckoning system based on a bottom-referenced acoustic log and a low-cost inertial navigator used as a precision gyrocompass. The likely performance and operating costs are discussed. Accuracy requirements are considered in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genomic organization of infectious salmon anaemia virus (2002)

The RNA genome segment order, nucleotide sequence and the putative encoded proteins were determined for infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). Eight segments of genomic viral RNA between 1.0 and 2.4 kb in length were identified. RNA segments 1-6 each had a predicted single open reading frame encoding the P1, PB1, NP, P2, P3 and HA proteins, respectively. Segment 7 encoded the P4/P5 proteins and segment 8 encoded the P6/P7 proteins. Seven virion proteins with molecular masses between 25 and 72 kDa were found by SDS-PAGE analysis. The 72 and 42 kDa proteins were immunoreactive with ISAV antiserum from Atlantic salmon. The molecular mass of the 72 kDa virion protein suggested that it was the NP protein encoded by segment 3. The amino acid sequence was conserved, sharing 96.6% identity with the NP protein of a Scottish ISAV isolate. Comparison of the amino acid sequences obtained by N-terminal analyses and cDNA nucleotide translation revealed that the 42 and 47 kDa proteins were the HA and P3 proteins encoded by segments 6 and 5, respectively. In addition, analysis provided evidence for their protein synthesis initiation sites. Like the HA protein, the signal sequence and potential glycosylation sites of P3 suggested that it was a surface glycoprotein. The predicted amino acid sequence shared 83.1, 84.0 and 99.6% identity to the predicted P3 protein sequences for ISAV isolates from Norway, Scotland and Maine, respectively. These results establish the specificity, migration, number and nucleotide sequence of the eight RNA segments of the ISAV genome.
Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to a 110,000-molecular-weight hemolysin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1990)

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect swine antibody to a 110,000-molecular-weight hemolysin (110K hemolysin) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal or mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G to the hemolysin of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 strain J45, followed by hemolysin-rich concentrated culture supernatant, was used to bind swine antibody to hemolysin to microdilution plates. Sixty-nine serum samples from swine that were clinically normal, presented with clinical evidence of pleuropneumonia, were experimentally immunized or challenged, or were free of pleuropneumonia were tested, and their ELISA titers were compared with complement fixation (CF) titers. On the basis of serum samples from swine that were clinically normal and negative by CF, an ELISA titer of 1:320 or greater was considered positive. In comparison with CF, the sensitivity of the ELISA was 98.1% and the specificity was 90%. The two samples negative by CF and positive by indirect ELISA were, however, also positive for antibody to serotype 5 capsule by ELISA. Immunization of normal pigs with whole cells or purified hemolysin boosted titers 4- to 128-fold within 4 weeks. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the affinity-purified immunoglobulin G to hemolysin used for capture in the assay recognized only a 110K protein of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 to 7, although the reactivity was quantitatively variable between serotypes. Therefore, the indirect ELISA is capable of identifying animals infected with or exposed to most, if not all, serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae. If an indirect ELISA titer of 1:320 or greater is considered positive, the assay can be a valuable diagnostic tool in both clinical and research laboratories.
Bacterial phytochromes: More than meets the light (2011)

Phytochromes are environmental sensors, historically thought of as red/far-red photoreceptors in plants. Their photoperception occurs through a covalently linked tetrapyrrole chromophore, which undergoes a light-dependent conformational change propagated through the protein to a variable output domain. The phytochrome composition is modular, typically consisting of a PAS-GAF-PHY architecture for the N-terminal photosensory core. A collection of three-dimensional structures has uncovered key features, including an unusual figure-of-eight knot, an extension reaching from the PHY domain to the chromophore-binding GAF domain, and a centrally located, long α-helix hypothesized to be crucial for intramolecular signaling. Continuing identification of phytochromes in microbial systems has expanded the assigned sensory abilities of this family out of the red and into the yellow, green, blue, and violet portions of the spectrum. Furthermore, phytochromes acting not as photoreceptors but as redox sensors have been recognized. In addition, architectures other than PAS-GAF-PHY are known, thus revealing phytochromes to be a varied group of sensory receptors evolved to utilize their modular design to perceive a signal and respond accordingly. This review focuses on the structures of bacterial phytochromes and implications for signal transmission. We also discuss the small but growing set of bacterial phytochromes for which a physiological function has been ascertained.