gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Articulated Motion Segmentation of Point Clouds by Group-Valued Regularization (2012)

Motion segmentation for articulated objects is an important topic of research. Yet such a segmentation should be as free as possible from underlying assumptions so as to fit general scenes and objects. In this paper we demonstrate an algorithm for articulated motion segmentation of 3D point clouds, free of any assumptions on the underlying model and yet firmly set in a well-defined variational framework. Results on scanned images show the generality of the proposed technique and its robustness to scanning artifacts and noise.
The Effects of Catabolite Derepression on the Accumulation of Steryl Esters and the Activity of  -Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1979)

The transition from the fermentative mode of growth on glucose to the oxidative mode of growth on ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is accompanied by many changes collectively known as catabolite derepression. Catabolite derepression caused a progressive increase in the total content of cellular sterols, amounting to a fourfold increase after 8 h; the additional sterols existed almost entirely as esters of monoenoic fatty acids. The increase in sterol content could be explained by the large increase in the activity of β-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), but a secondary factor in sterol accumulation may have been the slower rate of cell growth during ethanol oxidation. Subsequent anaerobic growth of derepressed cells resulted in the hydrolysis of steryl esters to free sterols, and a progressive depletion of cellular sterol content.
Gatekeepers and Referrals in Services (2003)

This paper examines services in which customers encounter a gatekeeper who makes an initial diagnosis of the customer's problem and then may refer the customer to a specialist. The gatekeeper may also attempt to solve the problem, but the probability of treatment success decreases as the problem's complexity increases. Given the costs of treatment by the gatekeeper and the specialist, we find the firm's optimal referral rate from a particular gatekeeper to the specialists. We then consider the principal–agent problem that arises when the gatekeeper, but not the firm, observes the gatekeeper's treatment ability as well as the complexity of each customer's problem. We examine the relative benefits of compensation systems designed to overcome the effects of this information asymmetry and show that bonuses based solely on referral rates do not always ensure first–best system performance and that an appropriate bonus based on customer volume may be necessary as well. We also consider the value of such output–based contracts when gatekeepers are heterogeneous in ability, so that two gatekeeper types face different probabilities of treatment success when given the same problem. We show that the firm may achieve first–best performance by either offering two contracts that separate the gatekeeper types or by offering a single contract that coordinates the treatment decisions of both gatekeepers.
Structure−Function Analysis of the Vanillin Molecule and Its Antifungal Properties (2005)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate which structural elements of the vanillin molecule are responsible for its observed antifungal activity. MICs of vanillin, its six direct structural analogues, and several other related compounds were determined in yeast extract peptone dextrose broth against a total of 18 different food spoilage molds and yeasts. Using total mean MICs after 4 days of incubation at 25 degrees C, the antifungal activity order was 3-anisaldehyde (1.97 mM) > benzaldehyde (3.30 mM) > vanillin (5.71 mM) > anisole (6.59 mM) > 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9.09 mM) > phenol (10.59 mM) > guaiacol (11.66 mM). No correlation was observed between the relative antifungal activity of the test compounds and log P(o/w). Furthermore, phenol (10.6 mM) was found to exhibit a greater activity than cyclohexanol (25.3 mM), whereas cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde (2.13 mM) was more active than benzaldehyde (3.30 mM). Finally, the antifungal order of isomers of hydroxybenzaldehyde and anisaldehyde was found to be 2- > 3- > 4- and 3- > 2- > 4-, respectively. In conclusion, the aldehyde moeity of vanillin plays a key role in its antifungal activity, but side-group position on the benzene ring also influences this activity. Understanding how the structure of natural compounds relates to their antimicrobial function is fundamentally important and may help facilitate their application as novel food preservatives.
Discharge effect on pancreatic exocrine secretion produced by toxins purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. (1991)

Three toxic polypeptides were purified from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus by means of gel filtration in Sephadex G-50 and ion-exchange chromatography in carboxymethylcellulose. The peptides are basic molecules with molecular weights in the range of 7000 for which the amino acid compositions and sequences were determined. The effect of the purified peptides on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the guinea pig was studied. Biochemical measurements show that the cells are stimulated by these peptides to discharge their zymogen granules. Light and electron microscopic images confirm the biochemical measurements. At the light microscope level, acinar cells show dramatically fewer zymogen granules than in control pancreas with the appearance of large vacuoles and some loss of morphological integrity. Electron micrographs display apical regions devoid of zymogen granules and condensing vacuoles whereas acinar lumina contain crystalline secretory material. The secretory effect observed in vitro is comparable to that of carbamylcholine and that of the peptidergic secretagogue cholecystokinin-pancreozymin.
Electronic hardware implementations of neural networks (1987)

This paper examines some of the present work on the development of electronic neural network hardware. In particular, the investigations currently under way at JPL on neural network hardware implementations based on custom very large scale integrated technology, novel thin film materials, and an analog-digital hybrid architecture are reviewed. The availability of such hardware will greatly benefit and enhance the present intense research effort on the potential computational capabilities of highly parallel systems based on neural network models.
Colocalization of serotonin receptor subtypes 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT6 with neuropeptides in rat striatum (1996)

There are two primary output pathways from the striatum: a projection to the globus pallidus, and projection to the substantia nigra. Certain striatally expressed neuropeptides are differentially distributed between these two pathways. Specifically, enkephalin is expressed in striatopallidal neurons, whereas substance P and dynorphin are expressed in striatonigral neurons. Several serotonin receptors are also prominently expressed in the striatum, but little is known about how they fit into the molecular neuroanatomy described above. We used double-label in situ hybridization to determine the striatal distribution of the mRNAs of the serotonin2A (5-HT2A), serotonin2C (5-HT2C), and serotonin6 (5-HT6) receptors in relation to enkephalin, substance P, and dynorphin expressing output neurons. Rat brain sections were simultaneously hybridized with an 35S riboprobe for one of the serotonin receptors and a digoxygenin labeled riboprobe for one of the neuropeptides. Sections were examined by using brightfield microscopy, and the degree of colocalization of the two mRNAs determined. All the serotonin receptors colocalized extensively with all three of the neuropeptides examined. None of the serotonin receptors showed preferential colocalization in striatopallidal (enkephalin containing), or striatonigral (substance P or dynorphin containing) cells. The 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C mRNAs displayed a differential distribution with regard to the scattered islands of strongly dynorphin mRNA positive cells, which are thought to reside in the striatal patch compartment. Within these islands, 5-HT2C mRNA expression was much higher than in surrounding areas. 5-HT2A mRNA showed the opposite pattern with decreased expression over dynorphin rich cell clusters.
Online data reduction with a DSP-FPGA multiprocessor system (2003)

For the detection of cracks and corrosion in pipelines an ultrasonic measuring system (pig) was developed. During the pipeline inspection there is no communication to the outside world, the accumulated data have to be stored on a mass storage device. The amount of data for a 250 kilometre run is in the range of about 700 TBytes at a rate of 2.8 GByte/s. This amount of data has to be filtered, reduced and compressed by a factor of 7000 to store it on a storage device. To overcome these difficulties a massive parallel multiprocessing system with ASICs and DSPs was developed. Each of the system modules has a computing power of more then 1200 MOPS. The complete computing power is installed in a volume the size of a shoe box.
Raman and TEM studies of Ge nanocrystal formation in SiO<sub>x</sub>:Ge/SiO<sub>x</sub> multilayers (2007)

Abstract Alternating germanosilicate‐siliconoxide layers of 10‐30 nm thickness were grown on Si substrates by plasma enhanced chemically vapor deposition (PECVD). The compositions of the grown films were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The films were annealed at temperatures varying from 670 to 1000 °C for 5 to 45 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. High resolution cross section TEM images, electron diffraction and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy as well as energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) data confirm presence of Ge nanocrystals in each layer. The effect of annealing on the Ge nanocrystal formation in multilayers was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). As the annealing temperature is raised to 850 °C, single layer of Ge nanocrystals observed at lower annealing temperatures is transformed into a double layer with the smaller sized nanocrystals closer to the substrate SiO 2 interface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: where we are, and where we are going (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a very strong genetic component, whose characterization has become an essential part of efforts to understand the pathophysiological processes of the disease. Thanks to the systematic use of high-throughput approaches over the last 10 years, more than 40 genes/loci have been linked to the AD risk. Although some of these signals are likely to be false positives, this genetic knowledge has shed new light on the pathogenesis of AD and, in particular, the major role of microglia. However, our knowledge of the genetics of AD is far from complete, and larger and more diverse genetic studies are required. Lastly, post-GWAS analyses will be needed to make sense of this genetic information without focusing too much on what we think we know about the disease.
A low-cost integrated navigation system of quadrotor aerial vehicle: design, development and performance (2013)

This paper proposes a low-cost multi-sensor integrated navigation system of QAV, emphasis on the design, development and its performance. Firstly, the overview of QAV and its platform of integrated navigation system is established and detailedly discussed. It consists of heterogeneous sensors including GPS receiver unit, 3-axis gyroscope/accelerometer, 3-axis digital magnetic compass (MC), digital barometric altimeter, navigation computer unit (NCU) and the STM32 micro-processer. The data from different sensor modules has been well timesynchronized by pulse-per-second (PPS) signal from GPS. An efficient integration algorithm is proposed and developed with dual filters architecture to fuse the navigation data, which involves three stages: (i) to weaken the noises of sensors, the position/velocity (PV) from GPS are pre-processed with 1st Kalman filtering (KF) and the outputs of gyroscope/accelerometer are prefiltered with a five-order finite impulse response low-pass filter. (ii) A 15-state error state model is established in the navigation frame. In order to improve fusion accuracy, both the heading and height information from magnetic compass and barometric altimeter are combined with the PV solutions of 1st KF to generate the observation model of 2nd centralized KF. (iii) The final integration solution is reversely used as the feedback for position, velocity and attitude (PVA) outputs from gyroscope/accelerometer. Finally, the real flight experiment is carried out to evaluate the efficiency and performance of our proposed low-cost integrated navigation system of QAV. The result indicates that the navigation system performs well in real time and significantly improves the flight accuracy and reliability. With the aid of our low-cost navigation platform, the navigation results coincides with the real flight very well and can be implemented in many potential application fields.
Fresh Whole Blood versus Reconstituted Blood for Pump Priming in Heart Surgery in Infants (2004)

The use of fresh whole blood for cardiopulmonary bypass priming has no advantage over the use of a combination of packed red cells and fresh-frozen plasma during surgery for congenital heart disease. Moreover, circuit priming with fresh whole blood is associated with an increased length of stay in the intensive care unit and increased perioperative fluid overload.
Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor v84 (2016)

The Variant Effect Predictor determines the effect of genomic variants (SNPs, insertions, deletions, CNVs or structural variants) on genes, transcripts, and protein sequence, as well as regulatory regions. This zip file contains v84 of the VEP script with the BioPerl and Ensembl API dependencies included. http://www.ensembl.org/vep
Pitch percepts associated with amplitude-modulated current pulse trains in cochlear implantees (1994)

The percepts elicited by electrical stimulation of auditory neurons by trains of amplitude-modulated current pulses were studied in a group of six cochlear implant users. Modulation frequencies of 100, 150, and 200 Hz were studied, with a range of carrier rates up to 1200 Hz. It was found that all but one subject could consistently rank 150- and 200-Hz modulated stimuli by modulation frequency when the carrier rate was more than 800 Hz, but for lower carrier rates the ranking was greatly affected by the harmonic relationship between carrier and modulation frequency. Pitch matching experiments showed that the subjects generally considered the modulated stimuli to be equal in pitch to unmodulated stimuli with rates the same as, or somewhat higher than, the modulation frequency. The results showed that the "pitch" of pulsatile electrical stimulation resulting from periodicities in the time structure of the electrical stimulus has similarities to the "pitch" observed for temporal patterns in acoustic stimulation such as amplitude-modulated noise. There were some differences, however, which may be attributable at least in part to the physiological response differences for electric and acoustic stimulation.
77. The anhydrides of polyhydric alcohols. Part IV. The constitution of dianhydro sorbitol (1946)

R. Montgomery and L. F. Wiggins, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 390 DOI: 10.1039/JR9460000390
Assessing the Economic, Environmental, and Societal Losses from Invasive Plants on Rangeland and Wildlands<sup>1</sup> (2004)

A literature review was conducted to summarize information on environmental, economic, and societal losses caused by 16 key invasive plants on rangeland and wildlands in the United States. Results of the literature review indicated that scope of published information ranged from narrow to comprehensive. Extensive quantitative information is published about environmental impacts caused by leafy spurge, downy brome, saltcedar, purple loosestrife, and several knapweeds or starthistle. For other species, quantitative information was limited and references to impacts were mainly anecdotal or observational. The economic impacts of most species were poorly documented. Comprehensive economic analyses conducted on either a state or regional basis were published about leafy spurge, saltcedar, and the knapweeds. Agricultural costs including loss of grazing value were quantified for several additional species, but environmental and societal costs were not included in the analyses. Additional research is needed to quantify economic and environmental losses of invasive nonnative plants on rangeland and wildland sites.Nomenclature: Downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. #3 BROTE; leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. # EPHES; purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. # LYTSA; saltcedar or tamarisk, Tamarix spp., # TAASS; yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. # CENSO.Additional index words: Exotic plants, invasive plant impacts, noxious weed impacts.
Effect of Small Spacings on Radiative Transfer Between Two Dielectrics (1967)

Two phenomena which influence the energy transfer by thermal radiation between two solid dielectrics separated by a vacuum gap are described. For typical dielectric systems, it is shown that these coupled phenomena, which are termed wave interference and radiation tunneling, influence the radiative transfer to the extent that the classical Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law is inadequate to describe the net energy transfer. Since both phenomena are significant only when the distance of separation between the surfaces of the solids is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the radiation, their effect is greatest when the spacing is small. However, the actual magnitude of the difference between the present treatment and the classical approach is a complicated function of the surface spacing, the refractive indexes of the solids, and the temperatures of the solids, and can be as large as an order of magnitude.
Operating microscope, microsurgical instruments and microsutures. (1979)

A comprehensive knowledge of operating microscope, microsurgical instruments and microsutures is most essential for any beginner in this field. Magnification provided by an operation microscope is higher and variable to suit microsurgical procedures. Although zoom magnification and focussing are preferable for convenience, microscopes with manual controls can be used for clinical and experimental work. A beam splitter and camera equipment are essential accessories. Microsurgical instruments are delicate and expensive and must be bought with discretion and carefully protected. Fine dissecting forceps, needle holder, microscissors, microvascular clamps and clips and fine haemostats are the only essential instruments. Others are optional. Microsutures form the most expensive part of the microsurgical setup. 10-0polyamide suture mounted on a curved round bodied needle of 4 or 5 mm length is adequate for virtually all clinical and experimental microsurgical work.
Designing and refining schema mappings via data examples (2011)

A schema mapping is a specification of the relationship between a source schema and a target schema. Schema mappings are fundamental building blocks in data integration and data exchange and, as such, obtaining the right schema mapping constitutes a major step towards the integration or exchange of data. Up to now, schema mappings have typically been specified manually or have been derived using mapping-design systems that automatically generate a schema mapping from a visual specification of the relationship between two schemas. We present a novel paradigm and develop a system for the interactive design of schema mappings via data examples. Each data example represents a partial specification of the semantics of the desired schema mapping. At the core of our system lies a sound and complete algorithm that, given a finite set of data examples, decides whether or not there exists a GLAV schema mapping (i.e., a schema mapping specified by Global-and-Local-As-View constraints) that "fits" these data examples. If such a fitting GLAV schema mapping exists, then our system constructs the "most general" one. We give a rigorous computational complexity analysis of the underlying decision problem concerning the existence of a fitting GLAV schema mapping, given a set of data examples. Specifically, we prove that this problem is complete for the second level of the polynomial hierarchy, hence, in a precise sense, harder than NP-complete. This worst-case complexity analysis notwithstanding, we conduct an experimental evaluation of our prototype implementation that demonstrates the feasibility of interactively designing schema mappings using data examples. In particular, our experiments show that our system achieves very good performance in real-life scenarios.
Engineering of alanine dehydrogenase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for novel cofactor specificity (2015)

The l-alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis (BasAlaDH), which is strictly dependent on NADH as redox cofactor, efficiently catalyzes the reductive amination of pyruvate to l-alanine using ammonia as amino group donor. To enable application of BasAlaDH as regenerating enzyme in coupled reactions with NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, we alterated its cofactor specificity from NADH to NADPH via protein engineering. By introducing two amino acid exchanges, D196A and L197R, high catalytic efficiency for NADPH was achieved, with k<sub>cat</sub> /K<sub>M</sub> = 54.1 µM<sup>-1</sup> Min<sup>-1</sup> (K<sub>M</sub> = 32 ± 3 µM; k<sub>cat</sub> = 1,730 ± 39 Min<sup>-1</sup> ), almost the same as the wild-type enzyme for NADH (k<sub>cat</sub> /K<sub>M</sub> = 59.9 µM<sup>-1</sup> Min<sup>-1</sup> ; K<sub>M</sub> = 14 ± 2 µM; k<sub>cat</sub> = 838 ± 21 Min<sup>-1</sup> ). Conversely, recognition of NADH was much diminished in the mutated enzyme (k<sub>cat</sub> /K<sub>M</sub> = 3 µM<sup>-1</sup> Min<sup>-1</sup> ). BasAlaDH(D196A/L197R) was applied in a coupled oxidation/transamination reaction of the chiral dicyclic dialcohol isosorbide to its diamines, catalyzed by Ralstonia sp. alcohol dehydrogenase and Paracoccus denitrificans ω-aminotransferase, thus allowing recycling of the two cosubstrates NADP<sup>+</sup> and l-Ala. An excellent cofactor regeneration with recycling factors of 33 for NADP<sup>+</sup> and 13 for l-Ala was observed with the engineered BasAlaDH in a small-scale biocatalysis experiment. This opens a biocatalytic route to novel building blocks for industrial high-performance polymers.
[The Heidelberg capsule, an antacid of improved galenics]. (1975)

By means of the Heidelberg capsule the influence of two different antacids on the acidity of gastric juice was measured in 16 normal test subjects. The antacidic combination drugs were Roha salt tablets (RSTB) containing herba absinthii 1.9 mg; fruct. anisi 35.5 mg; rhiz. calami 22.2 mg; bolus alba 14.0 mg; calcium phosphoricum 53.3 mg; magnesium sulfuricum 41.1 mg; calcium carbonicum 70.0 mg; magnesium carbonicum 42.0 mg; sodium bicarbonicum 1120 mg, and Roha gastric tablets (RMTB) with retarded release and containing fruct. anisi 40 mg; herba absinthii 3.2 mg; calcium carbonicum 688 mg; sodium bicarbonicum 480 mg; magnesium carbonicum 40 mg. Compared to the simple antacid RSTB, the duration of the neutralizing effect of the retarded RMTB was prolonged significantly by 300%.
Post‐Epitaxial Polysilicon and Si3 N 4 Gettering in Silicon (1982)

Substantial improvement of the quality of silicon epitaxial films by post‐epitaxial polysilicon back‐side gettering has been observed. This improvement is displayed by the reduction of defect counts revealed by the Wright etch and anodic etch and the increase of carrier lifetime characterized by the improved MOS retention time. Correlation between the defect etch pit counts and the retention time of MOS devices fabricated is reported.