gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realistic Sanding Predictions: A Neural Approach (1999)

Abstract Predicting when, or if, sand production will stabilize, and/or in what amounts it will occur, remains a priority item on the wish list of this Industry. For example, if beforehand one knows that Mother Nature is able to reach a stable geometry downhole, early in the life of the well, none of the remedial, productivity decreasing measures would need to be implemented. The complexities involved in the problem still hinder the success of numerous methodologies at their utmost capabilities. Sand exclusion measures are very much complicated by the absence of known precursors to sanding. Accordingly, smart tools that are capable of learning from the past (case histories) to better predict the future of sanding occurrences in the field will certainly help "us" optimize "our" decisions about the problem and may stand solid in making this predictive wish of the Industry come true. This study is concerned with using the feedforward backpropagation network (BPN) and the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) architectures to predict important sanding indication parameters for gas wells of the Northern Adriatic Basin. Design, tuning, and implementation issues of both network types are briefly introduced in this paper. Data from twenty-three (23) problematic wells and eight (8) sand-free wells are utilized, herein, to train, cross validate, and test the newly applied methodology. Previously, AGIP S.p.A. provided the data and made it public domain property. Input to the system includes total vertical depth, transit time, formation cohesive strength, water and gas rates, drawdown pressure, original static reservoir pressure, effective overburden stress, interval length, and perforation density. The devised system works on classifying the well, forecasting the problematic year in the well's life, and predicting the well's sanding potentiality value (a predefined parameter), as well as its critical total drawdown. The developed approach far outperformed AGIP's recognized correlations for wells in the same field and showed much better generalization capabilities on all new and unseen cases. Thus, a critical module in a much larger sand inflow treatment-expert, prediction, and analysis software has been devised and validated.
Automatic Cast Listing in Feature-Length Films with Anisotropic Manifold Space (2006)

Our goal is to automatically determine the cast of a feature-length film. This is challenging because the cast size is not known, with appearance changes of faces caused by extrinsic imaging factors (illumination, pose, expression) often greater than due to differing identities. The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm for clustering over face appearance manifolds. Specifically: (i) we develop a novel algorithm for exploiting coherence of dissimilarities between manifolds, (ii) we show how to estimate the optimal dataset-specific discriminant manifold starting from a generic one, and (iii) we describe a fully automatic, practical system based on the proposed algorithm. The performance of the system is evaluated on well-known featurelength films and situation comedies on which it is shown to produce good results.
Polarization measurements in a UWB multipath channel (2005)

The polarization effects in an ultra-wideband (UWB) propagation channel can be studied with arrays of propagation measurements. An approach to estimate the polarization is presented for the single-path channel. For the multi-path channel, an array signal processing algorithm (the sensor-CLEAN algorithm) was applied to array measurement data to decompose a received waveform with a dense multi-path profile into its component single-path signals. This algorithm was tested on a 3 /spl times/ 3 /spl times/ 3 array of UWB propagation measurements for three receiving antenna orientations. An estimation algorithm was constructed to characterize time-of-arrival, angle-of-arrival, waveform shape and polarization of each resolvable waveform in the composite received signal. A modified channel propagation model was proposed to include the polarization characteristics. The suggested channel model with estimated parameters was applied to estimate the received waveform for a different antenna orientation. The estimated waveform was compared with a measured waveform to verify the polarization estimation algorithm and the modified channel model including polarization characteristics.
Muscle IL1  Drives Ischemic Myalgia via ASIC3-Mediated Sensory Neuron Sensitization (2016)

Here, we have described a novel pathway whereby increased inflammation within the muscle tissue during ischemia/reperfusion injury sensitizes group III and IV muscle afferents via upregulation of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), leading not only to alterations in mechanical and chemical responsiveness in individual afferents, but also to pain-related behavioral changes. Furthermore, these I/R-induced changes can be prevented using an afferent-specific siRNA knock-down strategy targeting either ASIC3 or the upstream mediator of its expression, interleukin 1 receptor 1. Therefore, this knowledge may contribute to the development of alternative therapeutics for muscle pain and may be especially relevant to pain caused by issues of peripheral circulation, which is commonly observed in disorders such as complex regional pain syndrome, sickle cell anemia, or fibromyalgia.
Validation of an Italian version of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (ITALIAN-AIMS2) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (2000)

Our data suggest that, like the original questionnaire, the translated version of AIMS2 is a reliable, consistent and valid instrument for measuring health status and physical functioning in patients with OA of the knee.
Guidelines for Writers of RTP Payload Format Specifications (1999)

This document provides general guidelines aimed at assisting the authors of RTP Payload Format specifications in deciding on good formats. These guidelines attempt to capture some of the experience gained with RTP as it evolved during its development.
Distinction between true acrosome reaction and degenerative acrosome loss by a one-step staining method using <i>Pisum sativum</i> agglutinin (1992)

When western blots of human sperm proteins solubilized by acid extraction (presumably mainly acrosomal proteins) or by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were probed with biotin-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), distinct sets of proteins were labelled in both preparations. When smears of human spermatozoa were treated with methanol either for 30 s or for 15 min and then exposed to FITC-conjugated PSA, the resulting fluorescence pattern essentially depended on the time of methanol treatment. With the longer treatment, fewer spermatozoa showed selective acrosomal labelling and more were labelled uniformly throughout, without a clear predilection for a single sperm region. With the shorter time of methanol treatment, the poorly topographically differentiated, whole-cell labelling was typical of dead spermatozoa as confirmed by a close correlation between the percentages of spermatozoa showing this type of labelling and of those stained supravitally with Hoechst 33258. The preferential whole-cell labelling of dead spermatozoa with PSA is considered to be due to increased availability of the nonacrosomal set of PSA-reactive sites in dead spermatozoa after a short treatment with methanol, whereas this treatment is probably not sufficient to expose most of these sites when applied to living spermatozoa. The simplicity of the staining protocol makes this method feasible in routine work in a number of clinical and research applications.
Social Networks: The Value of Variety (2003)

People are healthier and happier when they have intimates who care about and for them. But they also do better when they know many different people casually.
Tandem laser brazing of heat-resistant alloys using precious filler metals (2005)

The diode laser brazing of heat-resistant alloys with precious filler metals has been conducted using the tandem beam which consisted of preheating beam and main brazing beam. The 1mm thick plates of Inconel 600 and A286 alloys were butt-brazed using the 0.5mm diameter Au-18%Ni, Ag-10%Pd and Ag-21%Cu-25%Pd filler metals with a brazing flux. The processing parameters of the tandem laser powers and the brazing clearance were varied. The sound butt joints could be obtained by using the tandem beam with the laser powers of 400-500W/100-150W even at the narrow gap brazing below 0.2mm wide where the melted filler metal did not infiltrate completely into the joint gap by only using the main brazing beam (single beam brazing). Fracture strength of braze joint using Ag-Pd filler metal increased with decreasing the brazing clearance and attained about 70% of the base metal strength at the brazing clearance of 0.1mm, while those using Au-Ni and Ag-Cu-Pd filler metals were comparable to the base metal strength at any brazing clearance between 0.1-1.5mm. The preheating effect during the tandem beam brazing resulted in the superior brazability in the situation from the narrow gap to the wide gap brazing because of the improvement in wettability, spreadability of melted filler metal and the erosion resistance of base metal by depressing the extremely rapid cooling rate and steep temperature distribution in the base metal.
A fault diagnosis technique for complex systems using Bayesian data analysis (2008)

This research develops a fault diagnosis method for complex systems in the presence of uncertainties and possibility of multiple solutions. Fault diagnosis is a challenging problem because data used in diagnosis contain random errors and often systematic errors as well. Furthermore, fault diagnosis is basically an inverse problem so that it inherits unfavorable characteristics of inverse problems: The existence and uniqueness of an inverse solution are not guaranteed and the solution may be unstable. The weighted least squares method and its variations are traditionally used for solving inverse problems. However, the existing algorithms often fail to identify multiple solutions if they are present. In addition, the existing algorithms are not capable of selecting variables systematically so that they generally use the full model in which may contain unnecessary variables as well as necessary variables. Ignoring this model uncertainty often gives rise to, so called, the smearing effect in solutions, because of which unnecessary variables are overestimated and necessary variables are underestimated. The proposed method solves the inverse problem using Bayesian inference. An engineering system can be parameterized using state variables. The probability of each state variable is inferred from observations made on the system. A bias in an observation is treated as a variable, and the probability of the bias variable is inferred as well. To take the uncertainty of model structure into account, multiple Bayesian models are created with various combinations of the state variables and the bias variables. The results from all models are averaged according to how likely each model is. Gibbs sampling is used for approximating updated probabilities. The method is demonstrated for two applications: the status matching of a turbojet engine and the fault diagnosis of an industrial gas turbine. In the status matching application only physical faults in the components of a turbojet engine are considered whereas in the fault diagnosis application sensor biases are considered as well as physical faults. The proposed method is tested in various faulty conditions using simulated measurements. Results show that the proposed method identifies physical faults and sensor biases simultaneously. It is also demonstrated that multiple solutions can be identified. Overall, there is a clear improvement in ability to identify correct solutions over the full model that contains all state and bias variables.
Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Some Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs: A Review (2004)

The current practice of ingesting phytochemicals to support the immune system or to fight infections is based on centuries-old tradition. We review reports on seven Chinese herbs, (Aloe vera Mill. (Aloaceae), Angelica species (Umbelliferae), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Leguminosae), Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. (Ganodermataceae), Panax ginseng C.A Mey. (Araliaceae), Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) and Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) with emphasis to their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. While some of these herbaceous plants have a direct inhibitory effect on microbial organisms, we observe that each plant has at least one compound that selectively modulates cells of the immune system. The successful derivation of pure bioactive compounds from Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng and Zingiber officinale supports the traditional practice of using these plants to stimulate the immune system. As many modern drugs are often patterned after phytochemicals, studying the influence of each compound on immune cells as well as microbes can provide useful insights to the development of potentially useful new pharmacological agents. Keywords: anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, chinese herbs, immune system, phytochemicals, tcm, herbal toxicology
Photoconductivity Associated with Auger Recombination of Excitons Bound to Neutral Donors in Te-Doped Gallium Phosphide (1973)

It has been observed that the photoconductivity spectrum of Te-doped GaP has sharp photocurrent peak at the position of the C-line (due to the radiative recombination of an exciton bound to a neutral donor) at 4.2 K and 1.8 K. This observation was performed by using the tunable wavelength pulsed laser as a source of the excitation. This gives a direct evidence for the non-radiative Auger process of the bound exciton annihilation. The probability of the Auger process is estimated from this experiment.
Temperature dependence of ZnGeP2 birefringence using polarized light interference (1997)

We have measured the birefringence (Δn) of ZnGeP2 throughout the 14–500 K temperature range using polarized light interference spectra obtained in transmittance from 0.7 to 12 μm. It was found that Δn continuously increases with temperature for all wavelengths but that the amount of increase is not constant with temperature as often assumed. Δn increases by approximately 0.006 when the temperature changes from 14 to 500 K. The temperature derivative of the birefringence, d(Δn)/dT, was determined at 50 K increments and its value was found to be quite dependent on the exact temperature range over which it was measured. It increases linearly with temperature, having a coefficient of 3.3×10−8/K. Actual d(Δn)/dT values range from 5×10−6/K at the lowest temperature to 19×10−6/K at the highest. We conclude that the anomalously low phase matching angles observed for second-harmonic generation in ZnGeP2 are not associated with errors in birefringence values as previously speculated but instead are most likely due to nonlinear absorption phenomena.
Control of a direct-drive servo-valve actuated by a linear amplified piezoelectric actuator for aeronautic applications (2008)

In direct-drive servo-valves, the motion of the spool controlling the direction of the hydraulic fluid flow is directly controlled by an electrical motor. Owing to the small stroke needed, it is possible to use a linear amplified piezoelectric actuator directly connected to the spool. The aim of this paper is to investigate how to design the power and control electronics of a direct-drive servo-valve based on a linear amplified piezoelectric actuator in order to take full advantage of such a motor. In particular, it will be shown that the voltage applied on the piezoelectric stacks may be successfully controlled by use of four-quadrant choppers with the benefits that the injected electrical charge stored in their capacity can be recovered. This leads to the low consumption scheme presented which can be easily fed by a boost converter from the aircraft 28 VDC.
Synthesis and activity of C-terminal heptapeptides of tachykinins and bombesin-like peptides. (1979)

Five heptapeptide amides related to the C-terminal portion of tachykinins and two heptapeptide amides related to the C-terminal portion of bombesin-like peptides were synthesized and the smooth muscle contractile activity of these peptides was compared with that of the C-terminal heptapeptide of substance P by taking synthetic substance P as a standard.
Sintering of Ultrafine Metal Powders. I. Coalescence Growth Stage of Au and Ag (1980)

Sintering of ultrafine powders of Au and Ag, produced by a gas evaporation technique, has been studied by the electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The critical temperature, above which the particle size increases, is found to be room temperature for Au powders and 60°C for Ag powders with a particle size of about 200 Å. Retardation of sintering is observed for both Au and Ag powders exposed to air before heating. Decrease of strains as well as stacking disorders with increase of temperature is detected by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic study. Experimental formulae for the variations of particle size and strain with temperature are obtained from the half-value breadth of X-ray diffraction profile. Particle size effect on sintering is also examined for Ag powders.
Reprogramming the signalling requirement for AP‐1 (activator protein‐1) activation during differentiation of precursor CD4<sup>+</sup> T‐cells into effector Th1 and Th2 cells (1997)

Upon antigenic stimulation, precursor CD4+ helper T-cells differentiate into two subsets of effector cells, Th1 and Th2. These two subpopulations are defined by the pattern of cytokine expression that distinguishes these differentiated cells from their precursors. We have used reporter transgenic mice here to show that, during differentiation of precursor T-cells into effector Th1 or Th2 cells, high levels of preformed activator protein (AP)-1 complexes are accumulated. However, upon stimulation, the preformed AP-1 complexes in effector Th2 cells, but not in Th1 cells, are able to induce high levels of AP-1 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, in contrast to precursor T-cells, the induction of AP-1 transcriptional activity is independent of calcium and co-stimulatory signals in effector Th2 cells. This AP-1 transcriptional activity appears to correlate with the presence of JunB complexes, which accumulate differentially in effector Th2 cells, but not in precursor CD4+ T-cells or effector Th1 cells. Unlike precursor cells, the activation of AP-1 does not appear to be mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in effector Th2 cells. These results indicate that during differentiation of T-cells, and probably other cell types, the signal requirements for the AP-1 transcription machinery are reprogrammed to enable the differentiated cells to perform their specialized functions.
A Rhodium Nanoparticle–Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the Chemoselective Reduction of Heteroarenes (2015)

We describe a catalytic system composed of rhodium nanoparticles immobilized in a Lewis acidic ionic liquid. The combined system catalyzes the hydrogenation of quinolines, pyridines, benzofurans, and furan to access the corresponding heterocycles, important molecules present in fine chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The catalyst is highly selective, acting only on the heteroaromatic ring, and not interfering with other reducible functional groups.
High-field-induced leakage in ultrathin N/sub 2/O oxides (1993)

Stress-induced leakage current (SILC) is studied in ultrathin ( approximately 50 AA) gate oxides grown in N/sub 2/O or O/sub 2/ ambient, using rapid thermal processing (N/sub 2/O oxide or control oxide, respectively). MOS capacitors with N/sub 2/O oxides exhibit much suppressed SILC compared to the control oxide for successive ramp-up, constant voltage DC, and AC (bipolar and unipolar) stresses. The mechanism for SILC is discussed, and the suppressed SILC in N/sub 2/O oxide is attributed to suppressed interface state generation due to nitrogen incorporation at the Si/SUO/sub 2/ interface during N/sub 2/O oxidation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Backward view synthesis prediction using virtual depth map for multiview video plus depth map coding (2013)

View synthesis prediction has been studied as an efficient inter-view prediction scheme. Existing view synthesis prediction schemes fall into two types according to the pixel warping direction. While backward warping based view synthesis prediction enables block-based processing, forward warping based view synthesis prediction can handle occlusions properly. This paper proposes a two-step warping based view synthesis prediction; a virtual depth map is first generated by forward warping, and then prediction signals are generated by block-based backward warping using the virtual depth map. The technique of backward-warping-aware depth inpainting is also proposed. Experiments show that the proposed VSP scheme can achieve the decoder runtime reductions of about 37% on average with slight bitrate reductions relative to the conventional forward warping based VSP. Compared to the conventional backward warping based VSP, the proposed method reduces the bitrate for the synthesized views by up to 2.9% and about 2.2% on average.
Physiologic actions of zinc related to inhibition of acid and alkali production by oral streptococci in suspensions and biofilms (2003)

Zinc is a known inhibitor of acid production by mutans streptococci. Our primary objective was to extend current knowledge of the physiologic bases for this inhibition and also for zinc inhibition of alkali production by Streptococcus rattus FA-1 and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419. Zinc at concentrations as low as 0.01-0.1 mm not only inhibited acid production by cells of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 in suspensions or in biofilms but also sensitized glycolysis by intact cells to acidification. Zinc reversibly inhibited the F-ATPase of permeabilized cells of S. mutans with a 50% inhibitory concentration of about 1 mm for cells in suspensions. Zinc reversibly inhibited the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system with 50% inhibition at about 0.3 mm ZnSO4, or about half that concentration when the zinc-citrate chelate was used. The reversibility of these inhibitory actions of zinc correlates with findings that it is mainly bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Zinc inhibited alkali production from arginine or urea and was a potent enzyme inhibitor for arginine deiminase of S. rattus FA-1 and for urease of S. salivarius. In addition, zinc citrate at high levels of 10-20 mm was weakly bactericidal.
R&D Entities: Is Control Possible without Owning a Single Share of Stock? (2004)

This case addresses the accounting for the relationship between a pharmaceutical company and a research and development entity that it created and for which it raised operating funds via a limited private offering. After the offering, the pharmaceutical company does not own any of the R&D entity's stock. However, the stock is callable for a fixed period by the pharmaceutical company and the operating agreements between the two entities leave little room for the R&D company to make any substantive decisions on its own, or to direct its current and future operations. Most of the questions in the case deal with the issue of whether control exists, the impact of that answer on the consolidated financial statements, and the details and costs of calling the stock.