gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lab on a smartphone (LOS): A smartphone-integrated, plasmonic-enhanced optoelectrowetting (OEW) platform for on-chip water quality monitoring through LAMP assays (2022)

We present a low-cost lab-on-a-smartphone (LOS) platform for rapid and in-situ monitoring of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) to examine the presence and concentration levels of fecal contamination in environmental waters. To realize the LOS, three main components, a plasmonic-enhanced optoelectrowetting (OEW) device, a transparent heater, and a smartphone, are compactly assembled for on-chip water quality monitoring through loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. The LOS integration with the OEW device enables pumpless and tubeless droplet manipulations for on-chip water sample preparation using a plasmonic-enhanced OEW technology. The integration with a transparent heater provides isothermal heating at 65 °C, where low-cost, portable LAMP assays are conveniently implemented on the LOS platform. Finally, a smartphone is used as an integrated optical detector to take digital images of target water samples during the LAMP reaction, while a time-dependent red-green-blue (RGB) analysis is performed for quantitative and accurate colorimetric study using a smartphone’s image processing app. Experimentally, we have successfully demonstrated on-chip sample processing of water samples spiked with E. coli DNA and LAMP mixtures, and conducted in-situ isothermal LAMP amplifications of E. coli DNA, while obtaining the LAMP test results within 30 min, followed by an accurate time-dependent colorimetric assessment. The LOS platform truly offers a low-cost, portable, and fully integrated system for rapid, on-site detection for the presence of FIB and their associated pathogens in environmental water without the need for sophisticated laboratory equipment or skilled personnel.
An ultrastructural study of the endonasal microcirculation in the Wistar rat during fetal and early postnatal life. (1979)

Fenestrated capillaries were observed prenatally in the lateral nasal wall and in glandular capillaries of the nasal mucosa of the rat. The number of fenestrations increased towards full term and during postnatal life. Specific ultrastructural features in the vascular bed were found to be primarily determined in utero.
Chameleon: a resource scheduler in a data grid environment (2003)

Grid computing is moving into two ways. The Computational Grid focuses on reducing execution time of applications that require a great number of computer processing cycles. The Data Grid provides the way to solve large scale data management problems. Data intensive applications such as High Energy Physics and Bioinformatics require both Computational and Data Grid features. Job scheduling in Grid has been mostly discussed from the perspective of computational Grid. However, scheduling on Data Grid is just a recent focus of Grid computing activities. In Data Grid environment, effective scheduling mechanism considering both computational and data storage resources must be provided for large scale data intensive applications. In this paper, we describe new scheduling model that considers both amount of computational resources and data availability in Data Grid environment. We implemented a scheduler, called Chameleon, based on the proposed application scheduling model. Chameleon shows performance improvements in data intensive applications that require both large number of processors and data replication mechanisms. The results achieved from Chameleon are presented.
PECS-an efficient solution for simulating switched networks with nonlinear elements (2001)

PECS (Power Electronics Circuit Simulator) enables the time-domain simulation of switched networks that may contain nonlinear elements. Focus has been placed not only on obtaining high speed, but also on achieving a very high degree of accuracy. A set of optimized computer algorithms that have been incorporated into PECS to achieve these objectives are explained. Examples run, which include a power-factor correction circuit containing a multiplier/divider element, have shown over an order of magnitude speed advantage over other leading approaches.
Distinguishing diabetic nephropathy from other causes of glomerulosclerosis: an update (2007)

Diabetic nephropathy is a common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. It is characterised by diffuse or nodular glomerulosclerosis, afferent and efferent hyaline arteriolosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and atrophy. Diffuse and nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis share similar histological features with other clinical conditions. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy studies, and clinicopathological correlation are essential to differentiate diabetic nephropathy from other conditions that result in diffuse and nodular glomerulosclerosis.
Intrusion Detection Methodology for SCADA system environment based on traffic self-similarity property (2012)

SCADA system is a computer system that monitors and controls the national infrastructure or industrial process including transportation facilities, water treatment and distribution, electrical power transmission and distribution, and gas pipelines. The SCADA system has been operated in a closed network, but it changes to open network as information and communication technology is developed rapidly. As the way of connecting with outside user extends, the possibility of exploitation of vulnerability of SCADA system gets high. The methodology to protect the possible huge damage caused by malicious user should be developed. In this paper, we proposed anomaly detection based intrusion detection methodology by estimating self-similarity of SCADA system.
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ossification (2012)

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. Based on an extensive literature search, which was carried out using the PubMed database and the keywords of osteogenesis, VEGF, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, this manuscript reviews the role of VEGF in ossification, with emphasis on its effect in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely correlated processes. VEGF acts as an essential mediator during these processes. It not only functions in bone angiogenesis but also in various aspects of bone development.
Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in Hong Kong Chinese (2002)

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the risk associations between obesity indexes [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)], cardiovascular risk factors [plasma glucose and lipids, blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion (UAE)] and morbidity conditions (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and/or albuminuria) in Hong Kong Chinese. Seven-hundred and two Hong Kong Chinese subjects (18-65 years of age, 59.4% of whom had at least one morbidity condition) were recruited from the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR. The measurements taken of the subjects included: height; weight; waist and hip circumferences; blood pressure; fasting plasma glucose and lipids; and 24-h UAE. The mean BMI was 22.4 and 25.7 kg m(-2) in healthy subjects and patients, respectively. The mean WC measurements of healthy subjects and patients were 77.1 and 86.4 cm in males and 71.0 and 81.8 cm in females, respectively. There were increasing trends between obesity indexes and the severity of cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of morbidity conditions (all P-values for trend <0.05). Using 19.0-20.9 kg m(-2) and <70 cm as a referent, subjects with a BMI of > or =25.0 kg m(-2) (in both sexes) and/or a WC of > or =85 cm in males and > or =75 cm in females had an age-adjusted odds ratio between 3.2 and 4.4 for the occurrence of at least one morbidity condition. Patients with a greater number of comorbidities also had higher BMI and WC measurements (all P-values for the trend were <0.05 with adjustment for age and gender). Hence, despite Hong Kong Chinese being less obese than Caucasians, the intimate relationships among obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity conditions remain. Our data support using lower BMI and WC levels to define obesity and its associated health risks rather than using the criteria established from Caucasians who generally have larger body frames.
CFD-based adaptive flow control using ARMARKOV disturbance rejection (2006)

In this paper we demonstrate adaptive flow control for an incompressible viscous fluid through a two-dimensional channel without the use of an analytical model. An adaptive disturbance rejection algorithm is implemented within a CFD simulation to reduce the effects of an unknown velocity disturbance on the performance variable z, which is the transverse velocity component of the flow at a downstream location. The algorithm requires minimal knowledge of the system, specifically, the numerator coefficients of the transfer function from the control input to the performance variable. System identification, based on CFD simulations prior to the disturbance rejection simulations, is used to identify the required parameters.
Experimental and QSAR of Acetophenones as Antibacterial Agents (2008)

Antibacterial activity of 20 acetophenone derivatives was evaluated against two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative organisms, namely, Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2718, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5021, Salmonella typhi NCIM2501, Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM5139, and Proteus vulgaris NCIM2813 by two-fold dilution method. The most active amongst this group of compounds were 4-methyl, 2-hydroxy, 3-bromo, 4-ethoxy, 3-nitro and 4-nitro acetophenones. Quantitative structure-activity relationships were developed by dividing the data into training and validation sets, the former was used to develop and the latter was used to test the models. Spatial, electronic and topological descriptors were predominantly found to influence the activity. The statistical measures such as r( 2) (0.76-0.91), cross-validated r( 2) (0.56-0.85), F-ratio and predicted residual sum of square values were found to be in the acceptable range. The developed models were able to predict the activity of the validation data set within the 99% confidence limit (except for two data points). 4-Nitroacetophenone was found to be the most slimicidal in nature. Bacterial Adhesion to Hydrocarbons (BATH) assay indicated that Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5021 had the most hydrophobic cell surface of these five organisms. Cell surface hydrophobicity of organisms also had an impact on the antibacterial activity of the acetophenones.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Antibodies to Ebola and Marburg Viruses Using Recombinant Nucleoproteins (2001)

The full-length nucleoprotein (NP) of Ebola virus (EBO) was expressed as a His-tagged recombinant protein (His-EBO-NP) by a baculovirus system. Carboxy-terminal halves of NPs of EBO and Marburg virus (MBG) were expressed as glutathione S-transferase-tagged recombinant proteins in an Escherichia coli system. The antigenic regions on the NPs of EBO and MBG were determined by both Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be located on the C-terminal halves. The C-terminal 110 and 102 amino acids of the NPs of EBO and MBG, respectively, possess strong antigenicity. The full-length NP of EBO was strongly expressed in insect cells upon infection with the recombinant baculovirus, while expression of the full-length NP of MBG was weak. We developed an immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA using His-EBO-NP and the C-terminal halves of the NPs of EBO and MBG as antigens. We evaluated the IgG ELISA for the ability to detect IgG antibodies to EBO and MBG, using human sera collected from EBO and MBG patients. The IgG ELISA with the recombinant NPs showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting EBO and MBG antibodies. The results indicate that ELISA systems prepared with the recombinant NPs of EBO and MBG are valuable tools for the diagnosis of EBO and MBG infections and for seroepidemiological field studies.
Plug into a Plant: Using a Plant Microbial Fuel Cell and a Wake-Up Radio for an Energy Neutral Sensing System (2017)

As a step toward sustainable wireless sensing, we present a proof of concept system that uses a Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFC) as a power source. To match the very low power production capabilities of the PMFC, we couple it with an ultra-low power wake-up receiver used as a trigger for sampling and transmission of the sensed value. We demonstrate that this combination, with a new, receiver initiated MAC-level communication protocol, results in a sustainable system for reasonable data rates, shown to be 30s in our laboratory setting. This work offers the first steps toward large-scale wireless sensor networks in applications where the sensors are surrounded by living plants that can provide a green and perpetual power supply.
Break Point Estimation and Spurious Rejections With Endogenous Unit Root Tests (2001)

This paper examines the accuracy of break point estimation using the endogenous break unit root tests of Zivot and Andrews (1992) and Perron (1997). We find that these tests tend to identify the break point incorrectly at one‐period behind ( T B ‐1) the true break point ( T B ), where bias in estimating the persistence parameter and spurious rejections are the greatest. In addition, this outcome occurs under the null and alternative hypotheses, and more so as the magnitude of the break increases. Consequences of utilizing these endogenous break tests are similar to (incorrectly) omitting the break term B t in Perron's (1989) exogenous test.
Electronic Properties of Sulphur Hexafluoride. II. Molecular Orbital Interpretation of Its X-Ray Absorption Spectra (1972)

The unusual behavior of the sulphur hexafluoride spectra in the x-ray region is discussed and interpreted within the framework of a MO-LCAO description of the molecular wavefunction. Single- and double-excitation processes from inner and outer orbitals are suggested to take place during the x-ray absorption and calculated energies are compared with experimentally observed peaks. A qualitative general agreement of the fitting with the measured data seems to indicate that such processes are very likely to happen in large, multielectron, molecular systems.
Inhibition of Somatotroph Growth and Growth Hormone Biosynthesis by Activin<i>in Vitro</i> (1990)

Activin-A, a homodimeric protein composed of two inhibin beta A-subunits, was first isolated from gonadal fluids based upon its ability to stimulate FSH secretion and biosynthesis, but was also observed to suppress GH secretion. The present report describes the effects of activin on the biosynthesis of GH and the proliferation of pituitary somatotrophs. In pituitary cells cultured in the presence of 0.7 nM activin for 3 days, GH secretion was decreased by 50% compared to the control value. Inhibition of GH biosynthesis, measured by quantitative immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled cells, could be observed after 24 h of activin treatment, and maximal (70%) inhibition of GH biosynthesis was observed after 3 days. Activin inhibited basal as well as GH-releasing factor (GRF)-, glucocorticoid-, and thyroid hormone-stimulated GH biosynthesis. Inhibin, which is known to reverse the effect of activin on FSH secretion, did not reverse the effect of activin on GH biosynthesis. Treatment of somatotrophs with activin for 3 days completely inhibited the growth-promoting effect of GRF on somatotrophs. However, no effect of activin on GRF-stimulated expression of the c-fos protooncogene was observed. These data demonstrate that activin, in addition to its stimulatory effect on FSH secretion, is able to inhibit both expression of GH and growth of somatotropic cells.
The synaptic proteins neurexins and neuroligins are widely expressed in the vascular system and contribute to its functions (2009)

Unlike other neuronal counterparts, primary synaptic proteins are not known to be involved in vascular physiology. Here, we demonstrate that neurexins and neuroligins, which constitute large and complex families of fundamental players in synaptic activity, are produced and processed by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells throughout the vasculature. Moreover, they are dynamically regulated during vessel remodeling and form endogenous complexes in large vessels as well as in the brain. We used the chicken chorioallantoic membrane as a system to pursue functional studies and demonstrate that a monoclonal recombinant antibody against beta-neurexin inhibits angiogenesis, whereas exogenous neuroligin has a role in promoting angiogenesis. Finally, as an insight into the mechanism of action of beta-neurexin, we show that the anti-beta-neurexin antibody influences vessel tone in isolated chicken arteries. Our finding strongly supports the idea that even the most complex and plastic events taking place in the nervous system (i.e., synaptic activity) share molecular cues with the vascular system.
Three dimensional object recognition using integrated robotic vision and tactile sensing (2002)

Summarizes current development of a robotic sensing system to enhance the perceptive intelligence of manipulators working in relatively structured environments. The system consists of vision and tactile sensors which would be used to identify objects within a workspace and to determine their absolute position and orientation. A visual object recognition strategy is discussed, and a technique for fusing robot kinematics and tactile image data is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light Therapy for Seasonal and Nonseasonal Depression: Efficacy, Protocol, Safety, and Side Effects (2005)

Bright light therapy for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been investigated and applied for over 20 years. Physicians and clinicians are increasingly confident that bright light therapy is a potent, specifically active, nonpharmaceutical treatment modality. Indeed, the domain of light treatment is moving beyond SAD, to nonseasonal depression (unipolar and bipolar), seasonal flare-ups of bulimia nervosa, circadian sleep phase disorders, and more. Light therapy is simple to deliver to outpatients and inpatients alike, although the optimum dosing of light and treatment time of day requires individual adjustment. The side-effect profile is favorable in comparison with medications, although the clinician must remain vigilant about emergent hypomania and autonomic hyperactivation, especially during the first few days of treatment. Importantly, light therapy provides a compatible adjunct to antidepressant medication, which can result in accelerated improvement and fewer residual symptoms.
Magnetic relaxation-based platform for multiplexed assays (2010)

We explore the use of magnetic relaxation sensors as an in vitro assay platform. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles that exhibit transverse relaxation time (T(2)) changes with the introduction of an analyte have previously been used to detect proteins, antibodies, receptor ligands, peptides, nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, and other small molecules. The standard procedure for sensitizing particles towards specific targets is, however, time-consuming and cumbersome. We report here a new approach that exploits primary-secondary antibody binding for easily derivatizing particles against specific targets. The assay is shown to be quantitative and a multiplexed assay against three target analytes is demonstrated.
<i>In vitro</i> oncospheral agglutination given by immune sera from mice infected, and rabbits injected, with eggs of <i>Hymenolepis nana</i> (1975)

Oncospheral agglutination given by sera immunized with Hymenolepis nana eggs is described as a new way of assessing H. nana infection. All sera of mice which possessed acquired protective immunity against reinfection by H. nana eggs had the potency to induce oncospheral agglutination in vitro. Only oncospheres, which had been hatched, agglutinated, no agglutination occurred in sera from uninfected mice. Oncospheral agglutination was carried out by mixing 0-1 ml of serial two-fold dilutions of serum and 0-1 ml of Hanks' balanced salt solution containing about 600 hatched oncospheres. Titre of agglutinins was indicated as a reciprocal of the final dilution capable of giving agglutination clusters made of three or more oncospheres. Agglutinins developed within 14 days after a primary infection with 500 shell-free eggs. There was no rapid increase of agglutinins within 4 days following a secondary infection. The titre increase coincided with the increase in dosages of eggs. Agglutinins were thought to be immunoglobulins, because the potency of the serum to agglutinate oncospheres was extinguished after absorption of globulins with rabbit anti-mouse globulin serum. Agglutinins were produced in rabbits by intravenous injections of shell-free eggs. The titres of the rabbit sera were much higher than those of mouse sera.
Initiation of Stress-Corrosion Cracking on Gas Transmission Piping (1997)

This paper explores the initiation of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) on the exterior of gas transmission piping. Initiation is taken here to include processes leading to the formation of a crack-like feature as well as early growth. Initiation is characterized in terms of the microstructural factors and the mechanics conditions that influence initiation and subsequent growth. Field and laboratory data are introduced to identify features typical of, but somewhat unique, to SCC initiation on gas-transmission pipelines. It is shown that the cracking behavior can be grouped as a function of the crack spacing perpendicular to the maximum principal stress. Patches of cracks are defined as sparse or dense in terms of this spacing, with a circumferential crack spacing on the order of 0.2x (wall thickness) separating these two cracking patterns. These results show that cracks with dense spacings tend to dormancy whereas the sparse spacings continue to grow. Fracture mechanics analysis is used to rationalize the field cracking patterns. It is shown that compliance changes due to the presence of adjacent crack tips account for the field cracking behavior. The results show that initiation patterns, which lead to closely spaced crack arrays, will tend to a dormant state as the cracks grow, because this growth leads to shielding of the tips from the service stresses. In contrast, growth can continue in arrays where the conditions at initiation give rise to sparse crack spacings. In addition, the fracture mechanics results are used to evaluate the suitability of the tapered-tension test -- a commonly used procedure to characterize SCC initiation. Laboratory and modeling results are shown to be consistent with the field behavior.
Phase-mask effects by dark-field lithography (2000)

A new resolution enhancement technique for photolithography that makes use of dark-field (DF) illumination was recently reported. In a DF projector, light from the condenser illuminates the reticle at such a steep angle that zero order light is lost from the system. The mask for a DF projector contains a series of sub-resolution gratings that diffract light into the lens and define features so be printed on the wafer. These sub-resolution gratings can be employed to precisely control the amplitude, phase and direction of light diffracted from each point on the mask. Given such precise control, many effect is can be produced with DF lithography that are not possible with enhanced optical lithography, e.g., terminating lines and resolving phase conflicts.