gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and sensitive detection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with fluorescence probe targeting dipeptidylpeptidase IV (2016)

Early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an important prognosticator, but is difficult to achieve by conventional endoscopy. Conventional lugol chromoendoscopy and equipment-based image-enhanced endoscopy, such as narrow-band imaging (NBI), have various practical limitations. Since fluorescence-based visualization is considered a promising approach, we aimed to develop an activatable fluorescence probe to visualize ESCCs. First, based on the fact that various aminopeptidase activities are elevated in cancer, we screened freshly resected specimens from patients with a series of aminopeptidase-activatable fluorescence probes. The results indicated that dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV) is specifically activated in ESCCs, and would be a suitable molecular target for detection of esophageal cancer. Therefore, we designed, synthesized and characterized a series of DPP-IV-activatable fluorescence probes. When the selected probe was topically sprayed onto endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or surgical specimens, tumors were visualized within 5 min, and when the probe was sprayed on biopsy samples, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy reached 96.9%, 85.7% and 90.5%. We believe that DPP-IV-targeted activatable fluorescence probes are practically translatable as convenient tools for clinical application to enable rapid and accurate diagnosis of early esophageal cancer during endoscopic or surgical procedures.
Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain (2008)

Based on the heterogeneity of the populations, interventions and comparison groups, we conclude that there are insufficient data to draw firm conclusions on the clinical effect of LLLT for low-back pain. There is a need for further methodologically rigorous RCTs to evaluate the effects of LLLT compared to other treatments, different lengths of treatment, wavelengths and dosages.
Effect of soaking and natural moisturizing factor on stratum corneum water-handling properties. (2003)

Stratum corneum (SC) hydration is partially regulated by water-soluble molecules, natural moisturizing factor (NMF) that is associated with the corneocytes. Routine water exposure, e.g., bathing, may deplete NMF and alter the SC water-handling properties. We determined the effects of bathing and solvent extraction on the volar forearm skin of eleven healthy volunteers. Acetone/ether (A/E) was used to remove surface and upper SC lipids. Adjacent sites were soaked for ten minutes or treated with the A/E-plus-soak combination. Subsequently, an NMF formulation was applied to the treated sites, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, and moisture accumulation rate (MAT) were measured. A/E extraction increased TEWL, but did not effect MAT. Soaking produced a short-term increase in TEWL, followed by a decrease, and substantially reduced MAT, an effect that was maintained for five hours. NMF application significantly decreased TEWL and significantly increased MAT for all sites. The replacement experiment suggests that the MAT reduction occurred as a result of extraction of hygroscopic NMF components. The effects of soaking and NMF application are more readily detected by the MAT technique, whereas TEWL is more sensitive to A/E extraction. The results support the use of multiple assessments of barrier function and raise questions about the effects of cumulative repeated water exposure on SC function.
Characterization of Heterologous and Native Enzyme Activity Profiles in Metabolically Engineered Zymomonas Mobilis Strains During Batch Fermentation of Glucose and Xylose Mixtures (2002)

Zymomonas mobilis has been metabolically engineered to broaden its substrate utilization range to include D-xylose and L-arabinose. Both genomically integrated and plasmid-bearing Z. mobilis strains that are capable of fermenting the pentose D-xylose have been created by incorporating four genes: two genes encoding xylose utilization metabolic enzymes (xylA/xylB) and two genes encoding pentose phosphate pathway enzymes (talB/tktA). We have characterized the activities of the four newly introduced enzymes for xylose metabolism, along with those of three native glycolytic enzymes, in two different xylose-fermenting Z. mobilis strains. These strains were grown on glucose—xylose mixtures in computer-controlled fermentors. Samples were collected and analyzed to determine extracellular metabolite concentrations as well as the activities of several intracellular enzymes in the xylose and glucose uptake and catabolism pathways. These measurements provide new insights on the possible bottle-necks in the engineered metabolic pathways and suggest methods for further improving the efficiency of xylose fermentation.
Radiolabeling of Biodegradable Polymeric Microspheres with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> and <i>in Vivo</i> Biodistribution Evaluation using MicroSPECT/CT Imaging (2009)

Poly(L-lactide) (PLA) microspheres tailored with a tridentate chelating group were radiolabeled with [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) and optimized for labeling efficiency and stability. Various ligand-polymer blend compositions with commercial PLA (from 2% to 100%) were evaluated. Labeling efficiencies over 95% were achieved in a 5 min reaction using 100% of the ligand-polymer or within 15 min using a 5% ligand-polymer blend. The addition of 1.5% of PEGylated copolymer to the blend did not affect the labeling efficiency of these particles but changed their in vivo behavior. MicroSPECT/CT imaging showed significant uptake of non-PEGylated microspheres by the murine lung, while only the liver and spleen took up PEGylated microspheres. Such (99m)Tc radiolabeled biodegradable microspheres will be useful diagnostic imaging agents for visualization of the functioning reticuloendothelial system (RES). Similarly, other sizes of the same microspheres will allow imaging of lung perfusion, bone marrow, lymph and inflammation scintigraphy, and radioembolization therapy.
Remote temperature and stress monitoring using low-frequency inductive sensing (2003)

The use of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensing elements in inductive sensors permits low frequency operation for materials characterization and defect detection in aerospace and engineering materials. This offers a substantially increased depth of sensitivity over conventional eddy-current sensing coils and also allows new measurement capabilities, such as the non-contact remote monitoring of temperature and stress variations through material layers. This paper provides an overview of the Meandering Winding Magnetometer (MWM) drive winding constructs that incorporate GMR based sensing elements. The sensors are designed so that the magnetic field distribution created by the primary winding and the resulting response of sensing elements can be accurately modeled. Representative applications to be described include (1) detection and imaging of 3% material loss in a 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) thick aluminum plate, (2) monitoring of temperature variations of an aluminum plate located behind another 6.4-mm thick aluminum plate with an air gap between the plates, and (3) independent measurements of stress (through magnetic permeability measurements) in a steel plate located behind an aluminum plate with an air gap between the plates.
Industry and the Rural System in Quebec (1938)

This paper will describe the functional relationship of the growth of industry to the traditional system of rural life prevailing in Quebec. The general course of this growth is familiar enough. Quebec has always had industries which exploited the native resources of forest, sea, and lately, of the mines. In the present phase new major industries, which make little use of native materials except water and man-power, have invaded the province. Industries of this type are generally not on the frontiers of settlement, but in the very heart of the province. In the course of the last two decades, Quebec has become more urban than rural. It is now only slightly less industrial than Ontario. Modern capitalistic industry grew up in a few centres, coincident with an enormous expansion of sources of raw materials and markets. Its spread has taken two forms: the first, still proceeding at a slackening rate, is the extension of its far-flung frontiers; the second is an inner expansion in which industry moves from its most intensely developed older centres to nearby less industrialized regions, where it finds a population accustomed to the main features of Western capitalistic civilization but not sophisticated with respect to its more extreme manifestations. Quebec and the southern United States are among the outstanding regions in which this inner expansion or “mopping up” is taking place.
Converting surface plasmon to spatial Airy beam by graded grating on metal surface (2013)

A well-developed phase modulation method is utilized to design a nanogroove grating for a desired diffraction process, which gives rise to the conversion of a surface plasmon wave to an Airy-like radiation beam. Experiments and simulations revealed the unique characteristics of the generated Airy-like beam, such as nonspreading, self-bending, and self-healing. Our result confirms the validation of the diffraction strategy for beam engineering in conversions and possibly indicates wider applications in broader areas.
Informatics in Radiology: Use of a C-Arm Fluoroscopy Simulator to Support Training in Intraoperative Radiography (2011)

Mobile image intensifier systems (C-arms) are used frequently in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery, especially in trauma and emergency settings, but image quality and radiation exposure levels may vary widely, depending on the extent of the C-arm operator's knowledge and experience. Current training programs consist mainly of theoretical instruction in C-arm operation, the physical foundations of radiography, and radiation avoidance, and are largely lacking in hands-on application. A computer-based simulation program such as that tested by the authors may be one way to improve the effectiveness of C-arm training. In computer simulations of various scenarios commonly encountered in the operating room, trainees using the virtX program interact with three-dimensional models to test their knowledge base and improve their skill levels. Radiographs showing the simulated patient anatomy and surgical implants are "reconstructed" from data computed on the basis of the trainee's positioning of models of a C-arm, patient, and table, and are displayed in real time on the desktop monitor. Trainee performance is signaled in real time by color graphics in several control panels and, on completion of the exercise, is compared in detail with the performance of an expert operator. Testing of this computer-based training program in continuing medical education courses for operating room personnel showed an improvement in the overall understanding of underlying principles of intraoperative radiography performed with a C-arm, with resultant higher image quality, lower overall radiation exposure, and greater time efficiency. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.313105125/-/DC1.
Improved Efficacy of Low-Dose Spironolactone and Metformin Combination Than Either Drug Alone in the Management of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Six-Month, Open-Label Randomized Study (2013)

The combination of low-dose spironolactone with metformin seems superior to either drug alone in terms of clinical benefits and compliance in women with PCOS.
Activity and dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus protease as a function of solvent composition and enzyme concentration. (1992)

The activity of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease has been examined as a function of solvent composition, incubation time, and enzyme concentration at 37 degrees C in the pH 4.5-5.5 range. Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide inhibit the enzyme, while polyethylene glycol and bovine serum albumin activate the enzyme. When incubated at a concentration of 50-200 nM, the activity of the protease decreases irreversibly with an apparent first-order rate constant of 4-9 x 10(-3) min-1. The presence of 0.1% (w/v) polyethylene glycol or bovine serum albumin in the reaction buffer dramatically stabilizes enzyme activity. In the absence of prolonged incubation of the enzyme at submicromolar concentration, the specific activity of HIV-1 protease in buffers of either high or low ionic strength is constant over the enzyme concentration range of 0.25-5 nM, indicating that dissociation of the dimeric protease, if occurring, can only be governed by a picomolar dissociation constant. Similarly, the variation of the specific activity of HIV-2 protease over the enzyme concentration of 4-85 nM is consistent only with a dimer dissociation constant of less than 10 nM. We conclude that: 1) the assumption of a nondissociating HIV-1 protease is a valid one for kinetic studies of tight-binding inhibitors where nanomolar concentrations of the enzymes are employed; 2) stock protease solutions of submicromolar concentration in the absence of activity-stabilizing compounds may lead to erroneous kinetic data and complicate mechanistic interpretations.
Liquid-phase photolysis of dioxane (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid-phase photolysis of dioxaneJohn J. Houser and Barbara A. SibbioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 12, 2145–2151Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00432a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (823 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional Remodeling in Response to Iron Deprivation in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to depletion of iron in the environment by activating Aft1p, the major iron-dependent transcription factor, and by transcribing systems involved in the uptake of iron. Here, we have studied the transcriptional response to iron deprivation and have identified new Aft1p target genes. We find that other metabolic pathways are regulated by iron: biotin uptake and biosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and purine biosynthesis. Two enzymes active in these pathways, biotin synthase and glutamate synthase, require an iron-sulfur cluster for activity. Iron deprivation activates transcription of the biotin importer and simultaneously represses transcription of the entire biotin biosynthetic pathway. Multiple genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism are induced by iron deprivation, whereas glutamate synthase, a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, is repressed. A CGG palindrome within the promoter of glutamate synthase confers iron-regulated expression, suggesting control by a transcription factor of the binuclear zinc cluster family. We provide evidence that yeast subjected to iron deprivation undergo a transcriptional remodeling, resulting in a shift from iron-dependent to parallel, but iron-independent, metabolic pathways.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and pre-eclampsia. (1997)

A common missense mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, a C to T substitution at nucleotide 677, is responsible for reduced MTHFR activity and associated with modestly increased plasma homocysteine concentrations. Since underlying maternal vascular disease increases the risk of pre-eclampsia, we had the working hypothesis that pre-eclampsia patients would have an increased T677 allele frequency compared with controls. The MTHFR genotypes were determined in 67 pre-eclampsia patients, 98 normal pregnant women, and 260 healthy adults by the PCR/RFLP method. The T677 allele and the genotype homozygous for the T677 allele were significantly increased in the pre-eclamptic group compared with the controls (p < 0.02 and p < 0.004, respectively). The data indicate that the T677 variant of the MTHFR gene is one of the genetic risk factors for pre-eclampsia.
The Organic Crystallizing Agent 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol Reduces DNA Curvature by Means of Structural Changes in A-tracts (1996)

Contemporary predictive models for sequence-dependent DNA structure provide a good estimation of overall DNA curvature in most cases. However, the two current models differ fundamentally in their view of the origin of DNA curvature. An earlier model that associates DNA bending primarily, although not exclusively, with stretches of adenines (A-tracts) is based on results of comparative gel retardation, cyclization kinetics, hydroxyl radical cutting, and other solution measurements. It represents an intersection of wedge and junction models. More recently, a non-A-tract bending model has been proposed, built on structural results from x-ray crystallography and molecular modeling. In this view, A-tracts are proposed to be straight and rigid, whereas mixed sequence DNA is bent. Because a key premise of the non-A-tract bending model is the crystallographic observation that A-tracts are straight, we have examined the effect in solution of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD), an organic solvent used in crystal preparation for crystallographic DNA structure determinations. Using cyclization analysis, DNase I cutting, chemical probing, and electron microscopy on DNA oligomers with and without A-tracts, we show that the presence of MPD in solution dramatically affects A-tracts and that the effect is specific to these sequence elements. Combined with the previous observation that MPD affects gel mobility of curved sequences with A-tracts, our findings support the bent A-tract model and call for caution in the interpretation of crystallographic results on DNA structure as these are presently obtained.
Effect of Some Parameters Influencing Enhanced Oil Recovery Process using Silica Nanoparticles: An Experimental Investigation (2013)

Abstract Align with current dynamic technology development, waterflooding techniques have been improved and optimized to have better oil recovery performance. In addition the latest worldwide industries innovation trends are miniaturization and nanotechnology materials such as nanoparticles. Hence one of the ideas is using nanoparticles to assist waterflood performance. However it is crucial to have a clear depiction of some parameters that may influences displacement process. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of some parameters influencing oil recovery process due to nanoparticles such as particle size, rock permeability, initial rock wettability, injection rate and temperature. This study is part of our ongoing research in developing nanofluids for future or alternative enhanced oil recovery (Nano-EOR) method. Three different sizes of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles with single particle diameter range from 7 to 40 nm were employed and have been characterized under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanofluids were synthesized using 0.05 wt.% nanoparticles that dispersed into synthetic brine (NaCl 3 wt.% ~ 30,000 ppm). The contact angle variation due to nanoparticles size was also measured at room condition. Coreflood experiment has been conducted using 26 Berea sandstone cores to evaluate the effect of those parameters above on oil recovery due to Nano-EOR. The cores permeability was in range from 5 to 450 mD. To study the effect of initial rock wettability on oil recovery due to Nano-EOR, original core wettability has been changed with aging process from water-wet to intermediate and oil-wet respectively. Temperature was also studied in range 25-80 °C to fulfill the possibility of applying Nano-EOR at reservoir temperature. The coreflood testing was repeated for each case to have consistency result. The processes and results are outlined and also further detailed in the paper to bring knowledge about nanoparticles flooding as a future promising EOR method.
Improvement in Development of Porcine Embryos Reconstituted with Cells from Blastocyst-Derived Cell Lines and Enucleated Oocytes by Optimization of Reconstruction Methods (2000)

The present study was conducted to establish the most suitable system for producing porcine reconstructed embryos by transferring cells from blastocyst-derived cell lines into enucleated oocytes. When the cells were fused to preactivated metaphase II oocytes, or the cells and arrested metaphase II oocytes were fused in medium without CaCl(2) and MgSO(4), the percentages (43-53%) of fused embryos were significantly lower than those (72-79%) produced by fusing the cells to arrested metaphase II oocytes in medium containing CaCl(2) and MgSO(4). High productive efficiency (7%) of blastocysts was obtained when reconstituted embryos produced by the last method were activated again at 3 hours after fusion (F/A --> Activation). Pronuclear formation was observed in 80-91% of the reconstructed embryos produced by F/A --> Activation, with no significant differences between different culture periods in the medium containing cytochalasin B. When cultured in the medium containing cytochalasin B for 0-1 h, almost all (83-85%) the embryos had one pronucleus and one polar body. However, the number of embryos with two pronuclei and no polar bodies was increased significantly by culturing in the medium containing cytochalasin B for 2-4 h. The cleavage rate (34-48%) of reconstructed embryos was not affected by the presence of cytochalasin B for 2 h after activation. However, the percentage of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher in the presence (23%) than absence (5%) of cytochalasin B. The results indicate that F/A --> Activation and cytochalasin B treatment are effective for the production of porcine embryos reconstituted with cells from blastocyst-derived cell lines and enucleated oocytes.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ketoprofen after single dose intravenous and intramuscular administration in cattle. (2014)

Pharmacokinetics of Ketoprofen was determined following single dose intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration at the dose rate of 3 mg/kg body weight in cow calves. Drug concentration in plasma was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Following single dose intravenous administration, the drug was rapidly distributed (t1/2α: 0.10±0.01 h) and eliminated (t1/2β: 1.55±0.05 h; ClB: 4.82±0.16 ml/min/kg) from the body. Following intramuscular administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed (Cmax: 6.15±0.24 μg/ml; Tmax: 5 h) and eliminated (t1/2β: 3.40±0.05 h) from the body. The mean residence time (MRT) and bioavailability following intramuscular administration were 4.22±0.07 h and 77.31±2.23 %, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated that ketoprofen can be used to treat various inflammatory conditions cow calves.