gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Useful Lessons from Body Surface Mapping (1998)

Useful Lessons from Body Surface Mapping. Body surface potential maps (BSMs) depict the time varying distribution of cardiac potentials on the entire surface of the torso. Hundreds of studies have shown that BSMs contain more diagnostic and prognostic information than can be elicited from the 12-lead ECG. Despite these advantages, body surface mapping has not become a routinely used clinical method. One reason is that visual examination and sophisticated analysis of BSMs do not permit inferring the sequence of excitation and repolarization in the heart with a sufficient degree of certainty and detail. These limitations can be partially overcome by implementing inverse procedures that reconstruct epicardial potentials, isochrones, and ECGs from body surface measurements. Furthermore, ongoing experimental work and simulation studies show that a great deal of information about intramural events can be elicited from measured or reconstructed epicardial potential distributions. Interpreting epicardial data in terms of deep activity requires extensive knowledge of the architecture of myocardial fibers, their anisotropic properties, and the role of rotational anisotropy in affecting propagation and the associated potential fields.
In Vitro Osteoinduction of Demineralized Bone (1998)

Among numerous available materials for osseous repair and reconstruction, those presenting osteoinductive characteristics and promoting bone regeneration are preferable. Fresh autologous bone is one of the most effective, but it has some disadvantages and risks. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is considered to be a valid alternative, because it seems to show osteogenic potential, ascribed to the presence of bone morphogenetic proteins. In addition it can be prepared without difficulty and preserved without losing osteoinductive properties.The aim of the study was to evaluate the osteoinductive ability of xenogenic DBM, by testing DBM powder obtained from rabbit long bones, in cell culture of murine fibroblasts, alone or associated with electromagnetic field (EMF), that are known to exhibit biologic effects on cells: in particular they are used in orthopedics to improve bone formation. At the end of experiment, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium levels and cell proliferation and morphology were evaluated. A statistically significant stimulation of ALP activity and cell proliferation and a morphological change of fibroblasts were found. The results obtained show how DBM and EMF have different effects on cells, and that together they have synergic action toward bone induction.
Narrow‐band emitting microcavity OLED with ITO DBR electrode for sensing applications (2015)

Microcavity organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with ITO distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were proposed. For the 6.5‐period DBR electrode, the Bragg reflectivity and sheet resistance of 92.3% and 30 Ω/ square were obtained. In addition, the full width at half maximum of the electroluminescence spectra of the microcavity OLED was <7 nm and the enhancement of the optical intensity was 4.6 times higher in amplitude than that of the non‐cavity OLED.
Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-azido tetrazoles (2015)

Unreported α-hydroxy-β-azido tetrazoles are prepared in a single step and mild conditions from readily available epoxy nitriles.
1Interpreting Graphs as Emergent Competence: A Cultural-Historical Approach (2015)

ABSTRACTH: We report on a new study conducted in a biology laboratory where the investigators conduct microphotospectrometry of fish retina. Because of the cutting-edge nature of the research, it is often not clear what a particular graph means, which aspects are meaningful signal, and which aspects constitute noise or artifact. By coming to understand the emergence of graph readings in this complex situation, we illuminate the discussion of graphs and graphing competencies where social science researchers ’ presuppositions cloud the pertinent epistemological issues. Research on graphing ordinarily asked participants to make inferences about the meaning of graphs without ascertaining that these participants are actually familiar with the conventional rules established by the (scientific) community or with the phenomena that said to be represented in the graph. Recent research showed that in such situations, not only students but also experienced scientists have difficulties reading graphs when they are not familiar with conventions or the phenomena (Roth &amp; Bowen, 2001a; Roth, Bowen, &amp; Masciotra, in press). On the other hand, when individuals are explaining graphs that have arisen from their own or similar work, they are highly competent. The Graphing as emergent competence 2
Feasibility of Sweat Collection by Whole Body Washdown in Moderate to High Humidity Environments (1985)

When sweat rates are sufficiently elevated, i.e., in high ambient temperatures or during exercise, due to potential losses of sweat by runoff, the whole body washdown technique of sweat collection is considered invalid in all but low humidity environments. This paper describes a modification of this technique that makes its use possible in moderate to high humidity environments. During exercise, sweat loss by runoff was minimized by maximizing evaporation of sweat (subjects wore little clothing and electric fans were utilized) and by drying the surface of the body when sweat became excessive (with small hand towels). Sweat rate was calculated from weight changes with appropriate corrections. Total sweat content and concentration of urea N were determined from the rinsings of the body, hand towels, and clothing. To validate this procedure, runoff sweat that was not collected was estimated from the weight change of collecting towels positioned under a bicycle ergometer. Eight subjects exercised at approximately 60% VO2max for 30 min in 22.6 degrees +/- 0.46 degrees C (means +/- SD) and 66.1% +/- 2.34% RH. Volume of sweat secreted was 581 +/- 31 ml (1.162 +/- .062 l X h-1; means +/- SE). Sweat content of the collecting towels (corrected for evaporation loss) was 4.675 ml (0.8%) of total sweat rate), indicating that it is possible to prevent significant sweat loss with this procedure. Moreover, we have found that this procedure can be employed with little difficulty at exercise intensities up to approximately 75% VO2max, in RH of approximately 70%, and with sweat rates as high as 1.65 l X h-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new cell for high capacity mask ROM by the double LOCOS technique (1983)

A new cell for use in an extremely high-capacity mask ROM has been developed by using the Double LOCOS (DL) technique. This cell, called a SADL cell (Self-Aligned cell by DL technique), realizes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4F^{2}</tex> area (F: minimum feature size) using a fully self-aligned fabrication process. The area of the new cells can be reduced to 1/2 of that of ordinary ROM cells, even when fabricated with conventional silicon IC technology. A 4K-bit SADL cell array was fabricated using 2-µm (diffusion line width) and 3-µm (field line width) rules, realizing a cell size of 25 µm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , the smallest reported so far. In the SADL cell, conductance is large because it is determined by the forward-biased diode characteristic. A high-speed readout method may be adopted for further speed improvement.
Performance results os an MTI?fft CFAR radar signal processor (2005)

State-of-the-art integrated circuitry technology has made it feasible to implement complicated radar signal processors. One candidate for use in radar systems with heavy ground clutter and weather environments is a two-dimensional (2-D) CFAR processor with clutter map. Previous work has established an analytical capabi-lity for determining processor performance. In this paper, the dependence of processor performance on moving target i ndicator (MTI) structures, MTI implementation, and processor window function is discussed. It is shown that processor performance is almost i ndependent of MTI structure, but dependent on MTI implementation and on processor window functions.
Deep Temporal Clustering : Fully Unsupervised Learning of Time-Domain Features (2018)

Unsupervised learning of time series data, also known as temporal clustering, is a challenging problem in machine learning. Here we propose a novel algorithm, Deep Temporal Clustering (DTC), to naturally integrate dimensionality reduction and temporal clustering into a single end-to-end learning framework, fully unsupervised. The algorithm utilizes an autoencoder for temporal dimensionality reduction and a novel temporal clustering layer for cluster assignment. Then it jointly optimizes the clustering objective and the dimensionality reduction objec tive. Based on requirement and application, the temporal clustering layer can be customized with any temporal similarity metric. Several similarity metrics and state-of-the-art algorithms are considered and compared. To gain insight into temporal features that the network has learned for its clustering, we apply a visualization method that generates a region of interest heatmap for the time series. The viability of the algorithm is demonstrated using time series data from diverse domains, ranging from earthquakes to spacecraft sensor data. In each case, we show that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional methods. The superior performance is attributed to the fully integrated temporal dimensionality reduction and clustering criterion.
Reaction of NH(X<sup>3</sup>Σ<sup>–</sup>) with O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>3</sup>Σ–g) and O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>) in the gas phase (1985)

The reactions NH(3Σ–)+ O2(3Σ–g)→ products (1), NH(3Σ–)+ O2(1Δg)→ products (2) have been studied in an isothermal discharge-flow reactor with resonance absorption (H, O) and laser-induced fluorescence (OH, NH) detection methods. The NH radicals were produced via F + NH3→ NH2+ HF and NH2+ F → NH + HF. The O2(1Δg) source was either a chemical generator [Cl2+ H2O2→ O2(1Δg)+ 2HCl] or a microwave discharge in O2. For reaction (1) a pressure-independent (1.2 ⩽p/mbar ⩽ 10.5) rate constant: k1(T)= 7.6 × 1010 exp (–6.4 ± 0.6 kJ mol–1/RT) cm3 mol–1 s–1 was determined in the temperature range 286 ⩽T/K ⩽ 543. For reaction (2) an upper limit for the rate constant: k2(295 K)=(6 ± 1)× 109 cm3 mol–1 s–1 was obtained at room temperature. The mechanisms of reaction (1) and (2) are discussed.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon-mediated codelivery of secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine and CD40L results in augmented antitumor activity. (2002)

Development of effective antitumor immune responses depends on timely interactions of effector cells. A bimodal approach that involves coexpression of chemokines and costimulatory molecules within the tumor bed may elaborate a more optimal antitumor response. One candidate includes secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), which promotes the colocalization of naïve, nonpolarized memory T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) within lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. CD40L-mediated DC activation could induce maturation, enhance antigen presentation, and facilitate priming of the recruited naïve T cells. To this end, the antitumor activity of SLC and CD40L expressed singly or in combination using the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived amplicon was examined in two murine models: A20, a B-cell lymphoma, and CT-26, an adenocarcinoma. Administration of amplicons encoding SLC (HSV-SLC) into s.c. tumors established previously resulted in heavy infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and DCs, and the generation of cytolytic T-cell activity. Combined transduction of either tumor with HSV-SLC and HSV-CD40L resulted in a more enhanced antitumor activity that was CD8+ T cell-dependent than observed with either vector alone. mRNA expression of the Th1 markers IFN-gamma, perforin, and interleukin 12 was detectable only in transduced regressing tumors. In addition to identifying a potent antitumor immune strategy, we show that amplicon-mediated SLC and CD40L delivery may mimic lymph node conditions necessary for priming naïve T cells within the tumor bed, and demonstrate the importance of DC activation status on antigen presentation and cytokine expression for priming of newly recruited T cells.
Phase II trial of alternating weekly chemohormonal therapy for patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. (1997)

Two distinct regimens of weekly chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer were combined in an alternating schedule and tested in a Phase II trial to determine efficacy and toxic effects. Forty-six patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels entered the trial. Therapy consisted of doxorubicin (20 mg/m2/week) plus oral ketoconazole (400 mg three times a day) given at weeks 1, 3, and 5 and vinblastine (5 mg/m2/week) plus oral estramustine (140 mg three times a day) given at weeks 2, 4, and 6. No therapy was given at weeks 7 and 8. Replacement doses of hydrocortisone were administered throughout treatment to counteract potential adrenal insufficiency secondary to the ketoconazole. In 67% of patients (31 of 46), the PSA declined by 50% or greater for a minimum duration of 8 weeks (95% confidence interval, 52-80%). Among the 16 patients with measurable soft tissue disease, there were 12 responses (75%; 95% confidence interval, 47-92%). The median duration of response was 8. 4 months (1.8-14.9). The median survival for the entire group was 19 months. The median survival of PSA responders has not been reached, whereas that of nonresponders was 13 months (P = 0.010). Seventy-six percent of symptomatic patients noted improvement. Hematological toxicity was modest and was managed without growth factors. Peripheral edema (49%) and deep venous thrombosis (18%) were the most common nonhematological toxicities. The alternating weekly regimen of chemohormonal therapy is active for hormone-refractory prostate cancer, providing a high rate of symptom control, soft tissue response, and PSA decline.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Leucoagglutinin‐Reactive Human T‐Lymphocyte Surface Components (1988)

The binding specificities of three biologically active anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (K46M, K3G, and 3-19-2) produced against human T-cell surface components reactive with the mitogenic lectin leucoagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris (La) were analysed. K46M is a strong T-cell mitogen, while K3G and 3-19-2 inhibited cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) contained 4-16% K46M+ cells, 8-35% K3G+ cells, and less than 0.3-4% 3-19-2+ cells. After stimulation with T-cell mitogens the proportion of K46M+ and 3-19-2+ cells increased markedly (mean 59 and 30% positive cells, respectively), while the increase in K3G+ cells was less prominent (38%). K46M-reactive structures were expressed on mature T cells and probably also on B cells. K3G reacted with B and T cells while 3-19-2 showed a broader specificity reacting also with erythrocytes. All three MoAb reacted with lipid extracts of resting and activated PBL as well as with purified neutral glycolipids of lymphoid origin. In addition 3-19-2 reacted with lipid extracts of erythrocytes. K46M immuno-precipitated four surface peptides from lectin-stimulated PBL. Their apparent molecular weights were 53,000, 42,000, and 16,000 (doublet). The 53,000 and 42,000 MW peptides were identified as the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell antigen receptor. The identity of the 16,000 MW peptides is presently unknown. K3G and 3-19-2 did not specifically precipitate any lymphocyte surface peptide.
Edge Detection Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm (1998)

Edge detection is the first step and very important step in image analysis. We cast edge detection as a problem in cost minimization. This is achieved by the formulation of a cost function that evaluates the quality of edge configurations. The cost function can be used as a basis for comparing the performances of different detectors. This cost function is made of desirable characteristics of edges such as thickness, continuity, length, region dissimilarity. And we use a simulated annealing algorithm for minimum of cost function. Simulated annealing are a class of adaptive search techniques that have been intensively studied in recent years. We present five strategies for generating candidate states. Experimental results(building image and test image) which verify the usefulness of our simulated annealing approach to edge detection are better than other operator.
A network-aware MAC and routing protocol for effective load balancing in ad hoc wireless networks with directional antenna (2003)

Use of directional antenna in the context of ad hoc wireless networks can largely reduce radio interference, thereby improving the utilization of wireless medium. Our major contribution in this paper is to devise a routing strategy, along with a MAC protocol, that exploits the advantages of directional antenna in ad hoc networks for improved system performance. In this paper, we have illustrated a MAC and routing protocol for ad hoc networks using directional antenna with the objective of effective load balancing through the selection of maximally zone disjoint routes. Zone-disjoint routes would minimize the effect of route coupling by selecting routes in such a manner that data communication over one route will minimally interfere with data communication over the others. In our MAC protocol, each node keeps certain neighborhood status information dynamically in order that each node is aware of its neighborhood and communications going on in its neighborhood at that instant of time. This status information from each node is propagated periodically throughout the network. This would help each node to capture the approximate network status periodically that helps each node to become topology-aware and aware of communications going on in the network, although in an approximate manner. With this status information, each intermediate node adaptively computes routes towards destination. The performance of the proposed framework has been evaluated on QualNet Network Simulator with DSR (as in QualNet) as a benchmark. Our proposed mechanism shows four to five times performance improvement over DSR, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this proposal.
Photoluminescent thermometry based on europium-activated calcium sulphide (hyperthermia application) (1982)

A photoluminescent thermometer, based on the transient emission response of a europium-activated calcium sulphide phosphor, is described in detail. This optical thermometry system has special advantages for temperature measurements in microwave and RF fields and potential application in electromagnetically induced clinical hyperthermia. A laboratory system has been constructed which utilises a fibreoptic probe with external diameter 0.8 mm. A system temperature resolution of 0.1 degree C has been achieved in the range 37-47 degrees C.
Organic Cosolvent Effects on Sorption Kinetics of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals by Organoclays (1997)

Data obtained from batch kinetics sorption experiments for naphthalene and diuron using two organoclays [trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA)-clay and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium (BDTDA)-clay] in aqueous and methanol−water systems were analyzed with a first-order one-site mass transfer model (OSMTM) to obtain kinetic parameters. The mass transfer coefficient (ε) exponentially decreased as the sorption coefficient (Kp) increased, and a log-linear increase in ε was observed with an increase in the volume fraction of cosolvent (f c) in the system. Regression equations relating ε to f c, measured in mixed solvents, could be extrapolated to f c = 0 to obtain the coefficients in aqueous systems. The organic cosolvent effects on the sorption kinetics behavior of naphthalene and diuron depended on the sorbate structure, the cosolvent fraction, and the arrange ment of the exchanged quaternary alkylammonium ions in montmorillonite-clay interlayers.
In vivo liver and lung targeting of adriamycin encapsulated in glutaraldehyde‐treated murine erythrocytes (1988)

Treatment of adriamycin-loaded erythrocytes from B6D2F1 mice with 0.1% glutaraldehyde produced the following effects: a considerable decrease in the in vitro leakage of the unmodified drug and a selective liver (and, to a lesser extent, lung) uptake of the encapsulated drug (70% of the injected dose) compared to drug leakage from, and tissue distribution of, carrier erythrocytes not treated with glutaraldehyde. The liver vascular bed was not saturated by five daily intravenous injections of 20 microliters of glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes, which allows a total dosage of 200 micrograms of the drug (half the LD50 value) to be administered. No appreciable liver damage results from extensive and prolonged uptake of glutaraldehyde-treated carrier erythrocytes. Entrapment of adriamycin within erythrocytes along with glutaraldehyde treatment of the carrier cells seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy against liver (and lung) tumors.
Multiple Sensors Based Hand Motion Recognition Using Adaptive Directed Acyclic Graph (2017)

The use of human hand motions as an effective way to interact with computers/robots, robot manipulation learning and prosthetic hand control is being researched in-depth. This paper proposes a novel and effective multiple sensor based hand motion capture and recognition system. Ten common predefined object grasp and manipulation tasks demonstrated by different subjects are recorded from both the human hand and object points of view. Three types of sensors, including electromyography, data glove and FingerTPS are applied to simultaneously capture the EMG signals, the finger angle trajectories, and the contact force. Recognising different grasp and manipulation tasks based on the combined signals is investigated by using an adaptive directed acyclic graph algorithm, and results of comparative experiments show the proposed system with a higher recognition rate compared with individual sensing technology, as well as other algorithms. The proposed framework contains abundant information from multimodal human hand motions with the multiple sensor techniques, and it is potentially applicable to applications in prosthetic hand control and artificial systems performing autonomous dexterous manipulation.