gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test baking of chapati - development of a method. (1986)

To develop a standard method for test baking chapati, studies were made on the standardization of conditions for preparing chapati dough. Variables considered were consistency and rolling characteristics, thickness of the dough sheet, time and temp. of baking, and puffing conditions of the chapati. Water requirements for preparing chapati doughs of desired consistency were determined with a research water absorption meter (Henry Simon). The values compared well with those recorded on a Brabender farinograph under modified conditions. The method developed for test baking of chapati used a Hobart mixer for preparing the dough, a specially designed platform for rolling the dough sheet to a uniform thickness, a circular die for cutting the sheet, an electric hot plate for baking, and a gas tandoor oven for puffing the baked chapati. The test baking method was applied successfully to evaluate chapati-making quality of 6 commercial wheat var. Results also show that, in addition to subjective evaluation of texture, 3 objective parameters - height of puffed chapati, pliability (as measured by a newly designed device) and shear value - can serve as simple indices of chapati quality.
Dendritic pathology of granule cells in Alzheimer's disease is unrelated to neuritic plaques (1994)

Neuritic plaques are the histologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the extent to which they are injurious to neurons is unclear. In order to investigate this problem, we intracellularly filled human dentate granule cells with Lucifer yellow in a lightly fixed slice preparation and studied the relationships between their dendrites and neuritic plaques. After counterstaining for plaques and drawing the filled granule cell dendrites, we found that there were significant differences in the morphology of dendrites in control and AD cases; granule cell dendrites from Alzheimer's cases were generally shorter, branched less profusely, and had fewer spines than those from age matched controls. Surprisingly, when dendrites traveled into plaques, they still bore spines and their morphology was distinct from that of the amyloid-stained dystrophic neurites surrounding them. Furthermore, within AD cases we found no significant differences between dendrites that were located directly beneath or passing through plaques and those that were located in plaque-free regions. We conclude that granule cell dendrites are not an integral component of plaques within their dendritic fields and that neuritic plaques have no direct effect on granule cells in the dentate gyrus.
POLYURETHANE-COATED SILICONE IMPLANTS AND THE QUESTION OF CAPSULAR CONTRACTURE (1984)

University of Minnesota Medical School Department oj Microbiology Hospital Box 196 Minneapolis, Minn. 55455
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severely head-injured children (1989)

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow ("CBF15") was tested in a series of 26 pediatric patients (mean age 13.2 years) with severe head injury (average Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 5.5) in the acute stage. A baseline 133Xe CBF measurement was performed and then repeated, after blood pressure was increased by 29% with intravenous phenylephrine or decreased by 26% with intravenous trimethaphan camsylate. Correlations were made between CBF and clinical condition, outcome, time after injury, intracranial pressure (ICP), and pressure-volume index (PVI) changes, and the site of injury (hemispheres, diencephalon, or brain stem). The site of injury was determined with multimodality evoked potential measurements. Autoregulation was intact in 22 (59%) of 37 measurements. There was no correlation with GCS score, outcome, time after injury, site of injury, or way of testing (decreasing or increasing blood pressure). Autoregulation was statistically significantly more often impaired when CBF was either below normal -2 standard deviations (SD) (reduced flow) or above normal +2 SD (absolute hyperemia). In cases with intact autoregulation, mean ICP decreased from 17.5 to 15.0 mm Hg with higher blood pressure and increased from 19.0 to 21.3 mm Hg with lower blood pressure. When PVI was measured during the blood pressure manipulations, it was found to change in a direction opposite to the ICP change. The consequences of these findings in the management of ICP problems with blood pressure control are discussed.
Fluoxetine Prophylaxis of Migraine (1992)

Many patients with severe migraine remain refractory to the current treatment regimens or cannot tolerate the side effects. Since current research implicates serotonin dysregulation in migraine pathogenesis, we investigated in a double blind, placebo controlled study the prophylactic effect of the serotonergic drug fluoxetine. Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to 8 week fluoxetine treatment and 16 to the placebo group; nine subjects in each group completed the study. Migraine headache scores were obtained for two weeks prior to commencement of treatment, and then for each successive two week period. Zung depression scores were obtained before and after completion of the study. Fluoxetine caused significant reduction in headache scores starting with weeks 3-4 of treatment; there was no significant change with placebo. Depression scores did not differ between groups before treatment, and did not significantly change with either treatment. Fluoxetine appears to be a safe and effective drug for migraine prophylaxis, and deserves further therapeutic trials with larger groups for longer periods of time.
A VLSI GFP Frame Delineation Circuit (2006)

This paper presents the design and study of circuit architecture able to perform 16 Gbps GFP frame delineation with single bit error correction using UMC 130 nm standard cell technology. The design targets the development of a hard macro core for the design of next generation network processing platforms.
A theory of unification (1988)

Unification is an important concept. It is used in Prolog, resolution, term rewriting and natural language understanding. As the use of formal methods increases, unification will be part of formally developed systems. Hence a theory of unification is desirable. This paper demonstrates the use of VDM to develop a theory of unification. Substitution application is defined recursively, a theory of non-circular substitutions is developed, and an implicit specification of unification is written. A proof of a particular unification algorithm is outlined with respect to this specification. The algorithm considered is more space-efficient than that which Manna and Waldinger prove correct. The theory developed is also compared with that of Manna and Waldinger.
Highly anisotropic electron mobilities of GaAs/In0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.3Ga0.7As inverted high electron mobility transistor structures (1991)

Anisotropic electron mobilities for GaAs/In0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.3Ga0.7As inverted high electron mobility transistor structures were observed using Hall effect measurements. If the In0.2Ga0.8As quantum-well thickness is below the critical layer thickness, a higher electron mobility in the 〈01–1〉 direction is observed in comparison to the 〈011〉 direction. Exceeding the critical layer thickness of the In0.2Ga0.8As quantum well results in a change in the behavior of the anisotropy, and a highly anisotropic electron mobility with a higher electron mobility in the 〈011〉 direction, in comparison to the 〈01–1〉 direction, is observed. With increasing In0.2Ga0.8As quantum-well width, the anisotropy increases. An increase of the anisotropy was also observed if the Hall-effect measurements were carried out at lower temperatures. The anisotropy in the electron mobility can be correlated to the occurrence of a highly asymmetric-dislocation density. The asymmetry in the dislocation density was observed using wavelength-selective catholuminescence measurements.
Lebanon - Awali-Beirut Water Conveyor Project : environmental assessment (1998)

The Awali - Beirut Water Conveyor Project will bring water from the Litani - Awali Rivers to Beirut. In the construction phase, noise, dust and light pollution , vibration and traffic disruption will occur. Also there will need to be the reuse of spoil arising from excavation. During operation, a major impact will be the need to reuse or dispose of sludge. Mitigating measures assume enforcement of the Council for Development and Reconstruction's provisions regarding safety, health, and environmental matters. Legislative requirements regarding the handling of chemicals, fuels, and explosives will be followed. Expropriation and temporary works areas will be minimized and well maintained. Restoration of vegetation will be actively pursued. Disruptions due to spoil arising from boring will be minimized. Careful programming will reduce traffic and other disruptions taking into account irrigation, tourists, site safety, and road user interests.
A comparison of human skin strain fields of the elbow joint for mechanical counter pressure space suit development (2015)

A comparison of high-resolution human skin strain field data at the elbow joint measured using three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) is presented. Developing skin-tight space suits requires detailed understanding of human skin deformation at joints in order to fit and create mechanical counter pressure without restricting human mobility. Previously, skin strain has been measured at 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> resolution for one or two subjects to demonstrate the measurement technology. Now using 3D-DIC, skin strain is measured at 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Methodology to take these measurements and the data analysis is explained in detail. This paper goes beyond the measurement technology and presents data from four subjects and compares skin strain fields of the elbow joint, which gives insight into patterns and differences between varying anthropometrics and other factors that affect skin strain. These results are important to develop mechanical counter pressure space suits that are sized correctly for each astronaut and do not inhibit locomotion. These results are discussed in the context of realizing a mechanical counter pressure space suit designed for planetary exploration.
Selective hydrogenation of acetic acid towards acetaldehyde (1994)

Abstract As a model reaction for the selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids towards aldehydes, the reaction of acetic acid towards acetaldehyde has been investigated. Various oxides are used as catalysts, including platinum‐enriched oxides. It appeared that oxides with a moderate metal‐oxygen bond strength are good catalysts, provided that a source of activated hydrogen is present. On exposure to molecular hydrogen zero‐valent metals can produce activated hydrogen. Addition of precious metals, such as Pt, or completely reducing part of the oxidic catalyst can provide the zero‐valent metal. The hydrogenation probably occurs on the oxidic surface by a Mars and Van Krevelen type of mechanism.
Wood Consumption by Geoffroyi’s Spider Monkeys and Its Role in Mineral Supplementation (2011)

Wood consumption is a rare behavior in frugivorous primates; however, it can be necessary for nutritional balancing as it may provide macro and/or micronutrients that are scarce in the most frequently eaten items (fruits). We tested this hypothesis in six spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) communities inhabiting continuous and fragmented rainforests in Lacandona, Mexico. We investigated the importance of both live and decayed wood in the diet of the monkeys, and assessed if wood consumption is related to the nutritional composition of these items. In general, wood consumption was focused on trees of Licania platypus (Chrysobalanaceae) and Ficus spp. (Moraceae), and was similar in continuous forest and in fragments (mean ± SD; 24±20% vs 18±16% of total feeding time, respectively), but marginally higher in females than in males (16±14% vs 5±4%, respectively). Live and decayed wood were both poorer in lipids, proteins, total nonstructural carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients compared to mature and immature fruits. Moreover, decayed wood of L. platypus showed consistently higher levels of sodium and calcium compared to fruits. In conclusion, our findings suggest that wood from decaying trees of L. platypus and Ficus spp. and young branch piths of L. platypus represents an important source of sodium and/or calcium in the diet of spider monkeys, particularly in the case of females. The protection of decaying trees within forests and fragments is therefore necessary for the appropriate management and conservation of this endangered primate species.
Zirconium Borohydride as a Zirconium Boride Precursor (1988)

Synthesis of zirconium boride, ZrB 2 , from zirconium borohydride, Zr(BH 4 ) 4 , has been explored by a variety of methods, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a hot tube, laser CVD with both continuous‐wave (cw) and pulsed lasers, and cw‐laser synthesis of fine powders. In all cases, ZrB 2 was the only crystalline product identified. Products made at high temperature contained excess boron, while those made at low temperature were boron‐deficient.
The Flagellar Cytoskeleton of the Spirochetes (2006)

The recent discoveries of prokaryotic homologs of all three major eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (actin, tubulin, intermediate filaments) have spurred a resurgence of activity in the field of bacterial morphology. In spirochetes, however, it has long been known that the flagellar filaments act as a cytoskeletal protein structure, contributing to their shape and conferring motility on this unique phylum of bacteria. Therefore, revisiting the spirochete cytoskeleton may lead to new paradigms for exploring general features of prokaryotic morphology. This review discusses the role that the periplasmic flagella in spirochetes play in maintaining shape and producing motility. We focus on four species of spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema denticola, Treponema phagedenis and Leptonema (formerly Leptospira) illini. In spirochetes, the flagella reside in the periplasmic space. Rotation of the flagella in the above species by a flagellar motor induces changes in the cell morphology that drives motility. Mutants that do not produce flagella have a markedly different shape than wild-type cells.
Modification interference approach to detect ribose moieties important for the optimal activity of a ribozyme (1993)

A new approach for modification interference studies is presented. It involves the use of phosphorothioates as a handle to analyze any desired base or sugar modification. This method was applied to identify ribose and phosphate moieties which could be important in the pre-tRNA recognition of E. coli RNase P RNA (M1 RNA). The utility of this technique was confirmed by detecting the inhibitory effect of a deoxyribose in the 5'-flank (position-1). This site was already known to interfere with RNase P cleavage, if modified. We have analyzed pre-tRNA(Tyr) and pre-tRNA(Phe) and found different interference patterns for both tRNAs. Two unpaired regions were involved in both pre-tRNAs. Phosphorothioates interfered at the transition between acceptor- and D-arms. The results with deoxythymidines in the T-loop indicated that deoxyribose moieties or the extra methyl group in thymidine could interfere with RNAse P cleavage. These data suggest that even in complete pre-tRNAs, only a few intact ribonucleotides are important in the substrate recognition by RNase P. We have demonstrated the potential of this new approach which offers many future applications in all fields involving nucleic acids, for example RNA processing, action of ribozymes, tRNA charging and studies related to DNA promoter recognition.
Medical Applications for 3D Printing: Current and Projected Uses. (2014)

3D printing is expected to revolutionize health care through uses in tissue and organ fabrication; creation of customized prosthetics, implants, and anatomical models; and pharmaceutical research regarding drug dosage forms, delivery, and discovery.
Stereospecific synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxylated bile alcohols. (1984)

This paper describes the synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 beta, 7 alpha,25-triol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 beta, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol from their corresponding 3 alpha-analogs. The method consists of refluxing a mixture of a steroid alcohol, triphenylphosphine, and diethyl azodicarboxylate in benzene solution with an acid such as formic acid. The sterically pure ester (3 beta-formate) so formed after saponification then allows an easy access to the epimer of the starting alcohol. Differentiation of these 3 beta-hydroxy bile alcohols from their corresponding 3 alpha-epimeric analogs was made possible on the basis of proton, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra as well as chromatographic mobility. Steric requirements of sterols and nucleophilicity of attacking acidic components played an important role for the success of this synthesis. Only equatorial hydroxyl groups in these bile alcohols reacted under mild conditions and epimerization, as well as protection of the alcoholic group, was achieved in one step. Formic acid was the acid of choice since the axial formate ester formed is sufficiently reactive to be hydrolyzed (KHCO3/aq X MeOH) under mild conditions.
Introduction: Building Bridges in Writing Teacher Education (2014)

This introduction discusses the editors' decision to support publications in both APA and MLA formats and also provides contextual introductions for all articles.
Characterization of a Modified, Low-Power Argon Microwave Plasma Torch (MPT) as an Atomization Cell for Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (1995)

A microwave plasma torch (MPT) has been newly modified and used as an atomization cell for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The analytical performance of the MPT-AFS system has been characterized with hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) working in the pulsed mode as an excitation source and a pneumatic nebulizer for aqueous sample introduction. The method exhibits a relatively large dynamic range over at least three orders of magnitude in concentration and fairly good precision in a range from 0.42% (Zn) to 4.9% (Ag). It was found that observation height, microwave power, and plasma support-gas flow rate have an important influence on the performance of MPT-AFS. The detection limits obtained by the new MPT-AFS system are in a range from 0.25 (Cd) to 121 (As) ng/mL for ten elements examined. A comparison of MPT-AFS with other plasma AFS approaches suggests several advantages of the MPT source as an atomizer for AFS.
An academic program for resort managers. (1983)

Academic departments of park and recreation resources have recently moved to establish majors in commercial recreation in response to fewer job opportunities in the public sector combined with a lessening of demand from students for the traditional natural resource management career. It is proposed that a marketable career option for commercial recreation graduates 1s resort management. Resorts combine three elements-management of the natural resource base; management of guest activities; management of services. Because of the expertise in the first two areas found in departments of park and recreation resources a joint program with a hotel school, which provides education in the management of food and lodging, would ensure a graduate with the skills and education necessary to meet the challenge of resort management.
Clioquinol Treatment in Familiar Early Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease (2005)

Recently the metal chelator clioquinol (CQ) has been suggested as a possible option for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report two patients with early onset of AD [one with a mutant amyloid-precursor-protein (APP) gene] who received long-term treatment with CQ. In both cases focally augmented cerebral glucose metabolism and stabilization but no amelioration of the clinical impression were observed without signs of neurotoxicity. In one case CSF-tau and beta-Amyloid (42/40) concentrations changed during CQ treatment.
Autocrine regulation of <i>mda</i> -7/IL-24 mediates cancer-specific apoptosis (2008)

A noteworthy aspect of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) as a cancer therapeutic is its ability to selectively kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. Intracellular MDA-7/IL-24 protein, generated from an adenovirus expressing mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7), induces cancer-specific apoptosis by inducing an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Secreted MDA-7/IL-24 protein, generated from cells infected with Ad.mda-7, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in surrounding noninfected cancer cells but not in normal cells, thus exerting an anti-tumor "bystander" effect. The present studies reveal a provocative finding that recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 protein can robustly induce expression of endogenous mda-7/IL-24, which generates the signaling events necessary for bystander killing. To evaluate the mechanism underlying this positive autocrine feedback loop, we show that MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces stabilization of its own mRNA without activating its promoter. Furthermore, this posttranscriptional effect depends on de novo protein synthesis. As a consequence of this autocrine feedback loop MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces sustained ER stress as evidenced by expression of ER stress markers (BiP/GRP78, GRP94, GADD153, and phospho-eIF2alpha) and reactive oxygen species production, indicating that both intracellular and secreted proteins activate similar signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Thus, our results clarify the molecular mechanism by which secreted MDA-7/IL-24 protein (generated from Ad.mda-7-infected cells) exerts cancer-specific killing.
Involvement of Heat Shock Protein 90 in the Degradation of Mutant Insulin Receptors by the Proteasome (1998)

We previously reported three families with type A insulin-resistant syndrome who had mutations, either Asp1179 or Leu1193, in the kinase domain of the insulin receptor. The extreme insulin resistance of these patients was found to be caused by the decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface, due to the intracellular rapid degradation (Imamura, T., Takata, Y., Sasaoka, T., Takada, Y., Morioka, H., Haruta, T., Sawa, T., Iwanishi, M., Yang, G. H., Suzuki, Y., Hamada, J., and Kobayashi, M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31019-31027). In the present study, we first examined whether these mutations caused rapid degradation of unprocessed proreceptors, using the exon 13 deleted mutant insulin receptors (DeltaEx13-IR), which were accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum as unprocessed proreceptors. The addition of Asp1179 or Leu1193 mutation to DeltaEx13-IR caused accelerated degradation of the unprocessed DeltaEx13-IR in the transfected COS-7 cells. Next, we tested whether these mutant receptors were degraded by the proteasome. Treatment with proteasome inhibitors Z-Leu-Leu-Nva-H (MG-115) or Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-H (MG-132) prevented the accelerated degradation of these mutant receptors, resulting in increased amounts of the mutant receptors in the COS-7 cells. Essentially the same results were obtained in the patient's transformed lymphocytes. Finally, we found that these mutant receptors bound to heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). To determine whether Hsp90 played an important role in the accelerated receptor degradation, we examined the effect of anti-Hsp90 antibody on the mutant receptor degradation. The microinjection of anti-Hsp90 antibody into cells prevented the accelerated degradation of both Asp1179 and Leu1193 mutant insulin receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that Hsp90 is involved in dislocation of the mutant insulin receptors out of the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, where the mutant receptors are degraded by the proteasome.