gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoplastic Recording Film Made with CdS (1969)

Photoplastic film was prepared as a dispersion of 1% Cu-doped CdS in a deformable polymer matrix of plasticized polystyrene. Spectral response, determined by measuring the rate of photoinduced charge decay, was approximately constant in the range of 380-500 mmicro. Sensitivity was about 1 microJ/cm(2) under specified conditions of charge and spatial frequency. Resolving power was between 50-100 lp/mm. Signal-to-noise ratio and reusability characteristics are discussed.
Physikalisch-chemische Grundlagen des Torf- und Sapropelieneinsatzes in der Medizin<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Der Naturstoff “Torf” ist als ein polykolloides hochmolekulares Mehrkomponentensystem mit den Merkmalen von Polyelektrolyten und struktureller Mikromosaikheterogenität anzusprechen. Es wird ein Überblick über die vielfältigen Reaktionsmöglichkeiten dieser supramolekularen Verflechtungsstrukturen mit ihren molekularbiologischen Rezeptoren zu geben versucht. Dabei werden die physikalischen, chemischen (kolloidchemischen) und biostimulativen Aspekte erörtert. Neuere Untersuchungen zur Analytik von Bitumen und von natürlichen Phenanthrenderivaten werden mitgeteilt, da sie Ausblicke auf medizinische Verwendbarkeit solcher Substanzen ergeben. Gleiches gilt für die Huminstoffe, die Fulvosäuren, die Polyuronide. Weitere Mitteilungen befassen sich mit den Untersuchungsergebnissen von Sapropelen Für das synthetisierte Arzneipräparat “Torfenal”, das in den USA patentiert wurde, werden positive Therapieergebnisse, bei Kranken mit Psoriasis, Neurodermitis chronica circumsripta et disseminata sowie herdförmigen Ekzemen mitgeteilt.
Preparation and reactions of silyl nitronates derived from 2,2,2‐trifluoronitroethane. Diastereoselective synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐substituted aminoethanols and ‐propanols (1995)

Abstract Silyl nitronates of 2,2,2‐trifluoronitroethane and of 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐nitropropane [SiMe 3 , SiMe 2 ( t Bu), SiMe 2 CMe 2 ‐CHME 2 ] were prepared and their reactions studied. – The TBDMS nitronate of the nitroethane is present at the ( E ) and (Z) isomer (2.3:1 at room temperature; E A = 9.3 kcal mol −1 for their isomerization). BU 4 NF‐catalyzed silyl nitro aldol additions to aldehydes show reasonable selectivities for the formation of the syn diastereoisomers of 5–13 (a. 4:1; with the non‐fluorinated analogs anti isomers prevailing!). The anti epimers (5–9, 12, 13, 17–20) in the trifluoromethyl series can be prepared by diastereoselective protonation of the corresponding O‐silyl lithium nitronates (ca. 9:1, Scheme 3). Careful reduction of the NO 2 groups (H 2 /Raney nickel) gives trifluoroamino alcohol derivatives (22–30, Scheme 4). –The trimethylsilyl nitronates are also used for 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions (to 1‐hexene, styrene, methyl vinyl ketone, and acrylates) to give N ‐(silyloxy)isoxazolidines (2–40; Scheme 5). The configuration of the major products (2,3‐ cis , 3,5‐ trans ) was derived from NMR measurements, X‐ray structure determinations, and thermal equilibration studies. The major course of reactions was thus derived to be an exo approach of the dipolarophiles to the ( Z )‐silyl nitronates (Scheme 8).– Some conversions of the N ‐(silyloxy)isoxazolidines (treatment with acid, base, and Raney nickel) are also described (products 42–51).
A 3D integration scheme utilizing wireless interconnections for implementing hyper brains (2005)

A 3D integration custom stack system utilizing a local wireless interconnect (LWI) and a global wireless interconnect (GWI) is proposed. The LWI transfers Gb/s pulses using resonant coupling of spiral inductors with low-power dissipation of several mW. The GWI transfers global clocks and data on a 20 GHz signal using on-chip antennas.
Cross-Linking and Multilayer Adsorption of Mussel Adhesive Proteins (2002)

The adhesive power of the mussel is the reason that mussel adhesive proteins have been studied as a (model) system for a possible medical adhesive. After oxidation, the Dopa groups of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) foot protein Mefp-1 form Dopa−Dopa-quinone cross-links, which leads to the formation of aggregates. By assuming multilayer adsorption, in which the adsorbed aggregates have to deform before the second layer can adsorb on top of them, we are able to describe the adsorption kinetics of the Mefp-1 aggregates. The rate of conformational change after adsorption and the sticking probability for the formation of the second layer increase with increasing Mefp-1 bulk concentrations. We conclude that the rate of aggregation in solution has a significant effect on the compliance of the formed aggregates as well as on the structure of the adsorbed layers. The formation of an adsorbed layer from highly cross-linked aggregates is expected to affect the performance as an adhesive layer.
The influence of the type of oil phase on the self‐assembly process of γ‐oryzanol + β‐sitosterol tubules in organogel systems (2012)

Abstract Mixtures of γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol were used to structure different oils (decane, limonene, sunflower oil, castor oil, and eugenol). The γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol mixtures self‐assemble into double‐walled hollow tubules (∼10 nm in diameter) in the oil phase, which aggregate to form a network resulting in firm organogels. The self‐assembly of the sterol molecules into tubules was studied using light scattering and rheology. By using different oils, the influence of the polarity of the oil on the self‐assembly was studied. The effects of temperature and structurant concentration on the tubuler formation process were determined and the thermodynamic theory of self‐assembly was applied to calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (Δ G 0 ), enthalpy (Δ H 0 ), and entropy (Δ S 0 ) resulting from the aggregation of the structurants was determined. The self‐assembly was found to be enthalpy‐driven as characterized by a negative Δ H 0 and Δ S 0 . A decreasing polarity of the oil promotes the self‐assembly leading to formation of tubules at higher temperatures and lower structurant concentrations.
Very High Resolution Mapping with the Pléiades Satellite Constellation (2018)

The Pléiades satellite constellation provides very high resolution multi-spectral optical data at a ground sampling distance of about 0.7 m at nadir direction. Due to the highly agile pointing angle capacity in the range of ±47 degrees the sensors are optimal for detailed earth observation. They are able to collect stereo and tri-stereo datasets in one overflight with a swath width of 20 km. Such images allow 3D mapping of any region on the Earth’s surface at very high resolution with high accuracy, where the reconstruction of the heights is based on along-track stereo. This work presents methodologies and workflows within the fields of remote sensing and computer vision that are used (1) to densely reconstruct digital surface models (DSM), (2) to derive digital terrain models (DTM), and (3) to generate multi-spectral ortho-rectified products. Within this process, the accuracy of the geometric sensor models, given as rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) models, plays a crucial role. Therefore, an assessment is performed on two distinct test sites discussing the initial 2D geo-location accuracy of the given sensor models. An optimization scheme is presented to adjust the given RPC models yielding 3D geo-location accuracies of 0.5 m in planimetry and 1 m in height. In the frame of surface model generation important issues like epipolar rectification, hierarchical stereo matching, and fusion of heights are reported. The main outcomes are that the sensor accuracy is within the range as defined by Astrium, but that a sensor model optimization is obligatory when it comes to highly accurate 3D mapping. The presented workflow generates mapping products with a GSD of 0.5m. The derived DSMs and DTMs show a high level of detail, thus enabling varying applications on a large scale, like land cover and land use classification, change detection, city modelling, or forest assessment.
Iterative procedural abstraction for code size reduction (2002)

For code size reduction, an iterative approach for procedural abstraction is proposed. Contrary to the previous approaches, the proposed technique iterates saving estimation and procedural abstraction repeatedly based on estimated global saving. The global saving is dynamically re-calculated in each iteration. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves additional code size reduction on an average of 14.9% in 8 benchmarks when compared to the previous conventional approach.
The Medicaid Eligibility Maze: Coverage Expands, but Enrollment Problems Persist (1999)

This report looks at five states to highlight common problems that all states are facing as they struggle to maintain Medicaid enrollment for low-income children and their parents. These problems include challenges in severing Medicaid and welfare, complex eligibility rules and procedures, and systems and communications inadequacy. The five states are CA, CO, FL, MN, and WI.
Arithmetic Intersection on a Hilbert Modular Surface and the Faltings Height (2010)

In this paper, we prove an explicit arithmetic intersection formula between arithmetic Hirzebruch-Zagier divisors and arithmetic CM cycles in a Hilbert modular surface over $\mathbb Z$. As applications, we obtain the first `non-abelian' Chowla-Selberg formula, which is a special case of Colmez's conjecture; an explicit arithmetic intersection formula between arithmetic Humbert surfaces and CM cycles in the arithmetic Siegel modular variety of genus two; Lauter's conjecture about the denominators of CM values of Igusa invariants; and a result about bad reductions of CM genus two curves.
In Search of Lehi’s Trail 30 Years Later (2006)

Research Article| October 01 2006 In Search of Lehi’s Trail 30 Years Later Lynn M. Hilton Lynn M. Hilton Lynn M. Hilton served as a B-24 bomber pilot during World War II. He later earned a PhD from the University of Chicago and became a professor of education at Brigham Young University and then superintendent of the Foreign Study League School. In 1975 the editors of the Ensign magazine commissioned Lynn and his late wife Hope to explore Lehi’s trail in Arabia (the first Latter-day Saints to do so). Their work appeared in the Ensign in 1976. Lynn’s latest book is The Kolob Theorem. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) (2006) 15 (2): 4–7. https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.15.2.0004 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Lynn M. Hilton; In Search of Lehi’s Trail 30 Years Later. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) 1 October 2006; 15 (2): 4–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.15.2.0004 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Book of Mormon Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2006 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2006 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Dogs of war or tomorrow's peacekeepers?: the role of mercenaries in the future management of conflict (2002)

Extract: Private Military Companies (PMC) like Executive Outcomes are part of the increasingly influential private military industry. While they are a far cry from Africaâs 'dogs of war', there are still significant concerns about their ethics, accountability, and the politics of their employers.
The FRS2 family of docking/scaffolding adaptor proteins as therapeutic targets of cancer treatment (2009)

Although it is still difficult to develop small compounds to modify functions of FRS2 adaptor proteins, such compounds may be useful as the next generation of molecular targeting drugs. Combination therapy with RTK-targeting drugs and FRS2-targeting drugs may be useful for cancer treatment in the near future.
Random sampling for on-chip characterization of standard-cell propagation delay (2004)

We present a methodology for on-chip characterization of the pin-to-pin propagation delay of single standard cells. A periodic waveform is provided to an input pin of the standard cell under characterization, while keeping all other inputs at non-controlling logic values. Simultaneous random sampling is then applied to input and output periodic waveforms, and propagation delay measures are obtained from the joint signal probabilities of the samples. The proposed technique is suitable for on-chip implementation because it is simple and it doesn't require timing-accurate control signals. On the other hand, on-chip measurements can be applied to a large number of cells working in different operating conditions, providing valuable information for characterizing and validating timing models. A test chip has been realized in a 0.18 /spl mu/m embedded NVM CMOS technology, and used to monitor the sub-nanosecond timing behavior of a standard cell library during process development.
Development of Advanced Hybrid Polymer Melt Delivery Systems for Efficient High Precision Injection Molding (2020)

Abstract A novel melt manipulation “RheoDrop” concept for hot runner injection molding is presented. In this concept, a controlled rotational shear is applied to a polymer melt in the hot drop to reduce its viscosity without raising the temperature. This is achieved by providing a transient rotational motion to the valve pin in the hot drop. This strategy is developed to mitigate issues associated with cold slug formation during injection molding in hot runner systems. The cold slug formation is particularly relevant for injection molding of engineering plastics such as liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) for medical and electronic applications. Analytical and experimental investigations were performed to validate the concept. The efficacy of the concept is assessed analytically utilizing a combination of two software modules, autodesk, moldflow and ansys fluent. The results confirmed that the concept was able to produce enough shear to reduce the dynamic viscosity between injection molding cycles. A prototype RheoDrop system was designed and developed and retrofitted in a four drop hot runner system mold to experimentally validate the concept. Preliminary experiments were performed utilizing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and parts were successfully fabricated at temperatures that are too low for traditional molding in a hot runner system.
Aspects of the mechanism of the Wittig reaction between cyclic anhydrides and stabilized phosphoranes (1982)

It has been established that the Wittig reaction between cyclic anhydrides and methoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane, a reaction used for the preparation of enol-lactones, proceeds via an acyclic intermediate acylated phosphorane for the three classes of anhydrides studied: succinic, maleic and phthalic. The formation of the acyclic intermediate can be irreversible or reversible, depending on the structure of the anhydride. The stereochemistry of the enol-lactones produced is not controlled by the initial reaction of the anhydride with the ylide but either during or after cyclization of the acyclic intermediate. Product formation appears to be under kinetic control with all the anhydrides studied. The influence of substituents in substituted phthalic anhydrides has been investigated.
Differentiation‐inducing and cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor and interferon‐gamma in myeloblastic ML‐1 cells (1989)

The effects of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and a second pleiotropic cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN), were examined in a line of human myeloblastic leukemia cells (ML-1). By itself, TNF causes ML-1 to differentiate along the monocytic pathway. The cells exhibit an increase in Fc receptors and acquire the morphological characteristics of maturing phenotype. They remain viable and continue to proliferate (at greater than or equal to 50% of the control growth rate) even with 10(2)-10(4) units/ml TNF. IFN alone has similar effects, causing an increase in Fc receptors but little cytotoxicity. In contrast to either cytokine alone, the combination of TNF plus IFN causes a cessation of proliferation and extensive cell death. Cytotoxicity occurs in a synergistic fashion; it requires the simultaneous presence of both cytokines, occurring with concurrent but not sequential exposure. These different responses, differentiation (TNF alone) and cytotoxicity (TNF + IFN), occur with a similar range of doses (approximately 10(2)-10(4) units/ml) and in a similar time frame (beginning on day 2). In other cell types, IFN can augment either the differentiation-inducing or the cytotoxic effect of TNF. In ML-1, the combined application of TNF plus IFN results in a shift from differentiation to cytotoxicity.
Association of Family History of Autoimmune Diseases and Autism Spectrum Disorders (2009)

Associations regarding family history of type 1 diabetes and infantile autism and maternal history of rheumatoid arthritis and ASDs were confirmed from previous studies. A significant association between maternal history of celiac disease and ASDs was observed for the first time. The observed associations between familial autoimmunity and ASDs/infantile autism are probably attributable to a combination of a common genetic background and a possible prenatal antibody exposure or alteration in fetal environment during pregnancy.
MEMS-tunable 1.55-/spl mu/m VCSEL with extended tuning range incorporating a buried tunnel junction (2006)

We present an electrically pumped and micromechanically tunable InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating in the 1.55-μm wavelength range. The current confinement is achieved by a buried tunnel junction. The GaAs-based movable top mirror membrane is fabricated separately, assembled on top of the device, and can be actuated electrothermally. A single mode output power of about 1.7 mW and a tuning range of 28 nm was obtained. By the use of an antireflection coating at the semiconductor-air-interface, we were able to extend the tuning range up to 60 nm as expected from one-dimensional simulations.
Role of heme oxygenase-1 in hypoxia-reoxygenation: requirement of substrate heme to promote cardioprotection (2001)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the enzymatic degradation of heme to carbon monoxide, bilirubin, and iron. All three products possess biological functions; bilirubin, in particular, is a potent free radical scavenger of which its antioxidant property is enhanced at low oxygen tension. Here, we investigated the effect of severe hypoxia and reoxygenation on HO-1 expression in cardiomyocytes and determined whether HO-1 and its product, bilirubin, have a protective role against reoxygenation damage. Hypoxia caused a time-dependent increase in both HO-1 expression and heme oxygenase activity, which gradually declined during reoxygenation. Reoxygenation of hypoxic cardiomyocytes produced marked injury; however, incubation with hemin or bilirubin during hypoxia considerably reduced the damage at reoxygenation. The protective effect of hemin is attributable to increased availability of substrate for heme oxygenase activity, because hypoxic cardiomyocytes generated very little bilirubin when incubated with medium alone but produced substantial bile pigment in the presence of hemin. Interestingly, incubation with hemin also maintained high heme oxygenase activity levels during the reoxygenation period. Reactive oxygen species generation was enhanced after hypoxia, and hemin and bilirubin were capable once again to attenuate this effect. These results indicate that the HO-1-bilirubin pathway can effectively defend hypoxic cardiomyocytes against reoxygenation injury and highlight the issue of heme availability in the cytoprotective action afforded by HO-1.
Anhydrobiosis without trehalose in bdelloid rotifers (2003)

Eukaryotes able to withstand desiccation enter a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis, which is thought to require accumulation of the non-reducing disaccharides trehalose (animals, fungi) and sucrose (plants), acting as water replacement molecules and vitrifying agents. We now show that clonal populations of bdelloid rotifers Philodina roseola and Adineta vaga exhibit excellent desiccation tolerance, but that trehalose and other disaccharides are absent from carbohydrate extracts of dried animals. Furthermore, trehalose synthase genes (tps) were not found in rotifer genomes. This first observation of animal anhydrobiosis without trehalose challenges our current understanding of the phenomenon and calls for a re-evaluation of existing models.
Proteomics of breast cancer: Enhanced expression of cytokeratin19 in human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 positive breast tumors (2005)

The human epidermal growth factor receptor, type 2 (HER-2/neu or c-erbB-2) is a 185 kDa transmembrane protein that is phosphorylated upon ligand binding and dimerization with members of the HER/c-erbB family and regulates cell growth and differentiation. Its overexpression is strongly associated with advanced disease, metastasis and poor clinical outcome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of breast tumors with HER-2/neu-positive status, parallel proteomic analyses were performed on estrogen receptor-negative and node-positive breast tumors with or without overexpression of the HER-2/neu oncogene, using laser capture microdissection and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), one of the identified proteins, was highly expressed in the HER-2/neu-positive breast tumors when compared with HER-2/neu-negative breast tumors. The enhanced overexpression of CK19 in HER-2/neu-positive tumors was further analyzed using semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and reverse-phase protein arrays. Immunohistochemical staining of sections from a breast tumor tissue microarray of 97 tumors showed moderate to strong staining against anti-CK19 antibody in 20 (5 with moderate and 15 with strong staining) of the 26 HER-2/neu-positive tumors (76.9%) and in 22 (12 with moderate and 10 with strong staining) of 52 HER-2/neu-negative tumors (48%) (p = 0.002). Our results indicate that CK19, an intermediate fragment of the cytoskeleton, and other proteins showing differential expression, are likely to be intricately involved in intra- and intercellular molecular events driving the more aggressive tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis associated with HER-2/neu-positive tumors.