gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sepiapterin Reductase Mediates Chemical Redox Cycling in Lung Epithelial Cells (2013)

In the lung, chemical redox cycling generates highly toxic reactive oxygen species that can cause alveolar inflammation and damage to the epithelium, as well as fibrosis. In this study, we identified a cytosolic NADPH-dependent redox cycling activity in mouse lung epithelial cells as sepiapterin reductase (SPR), an enzyme important for the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. Human SPR was cloned and characterized. In addition to reducing sepiapterin, SPR mediated chemical redox cycling of bipyridinium herbicides and various quinones; this activity was greatest for 1,2-naphthoquinone followed by 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, menadione, and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Whereas redox cycling chemicals inhibited sepiapterin reduction, sepiapterin had no effect on redox cycling. Additionally, inhibitors such as dicoumarol, N-acetylserotonin, and indomethacin blocked sepiapterin reduction, with no effect on redox cycling. Non-redox cycling quinones, including benzoquinone and phenylquinone, were competitive inhibitors of sepiapterin reduction but noncompetitive redox cycling inhibitors. Site-directed mutagenesis of the SPR C-terminal substrate-binding site (D257H) completely inhibited sepiapterin reduction but had minimal effects on redox cycling. These data indicate that SPR-mediated reduction of sepiapterin and redox cycling occur by distinct mechanisms. The identification of SPR as a key enzyme mediating chemical redox cycling suggests that it may be important in generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species in the lung. This activity, together with inhibition of sepiapterin reduction by redox-active chemicals and consequent deficiencies in tetrahydrobiopterin, may contribute to tissue injury.
A fast IP routing lookup scheme for gigabit switching routers (1999)

One of the key design issues for the new generation IP routers is the route lookup mechanism. For each incoming IP packet, the IP routing requires to perform a longest prefix matching on the address lookup in order to determine the packet's next hop. This paper presents a fast route lookup mechanism that only needs tiny SRAM and can be implemented in a pipelined skill in hardware. Based on the proposed scheme, the forwarding table is tiny enough to fit in SRAM with very low cost. For example, a large routing table with 40,000 routing entries can be compacted to a forwarding table of 450-470 Kbytes. In the worst case, the number of memory accesses for a lookup is three. When implemented in a pipeline skill in hardware, the proposed mechanism can achieve one routing lookup every memory access. With current 10 ns SRAM, this mechanism furnishes approximately 100 million routing lookups per second. This is much faster than any current commercially available routing lookup schemes.
Theoretical Analysis of Hygroscopic Growth Rate of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract (1998)

ABSTRACT The deposition of cigarette smoke particles (CSP) in the human respiratory tract is difficult to predict theoretically due to the uncertainties in the characterization of these particles. Measured deposition efficiencies for CSP do not agree with those for typical particles of similar size. One explanation of this discrepancy is the hygroscopic growth of CSP once inside the respiratory tract. However, a minimum of experimental data exists and no theoretical study was done to explain the hygroscopic nature of CSP. In this paper, hygroscopic growth of mainstream and sidestream CSP is determined theoretically for conditions simulating the human respiratory tract. Good agreement is found between calculated growth and experimental growth reported in Li [Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, NY, (1993)] and Kousaka et al. [J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 15: 75–76, (1982)]. Growth ratios ranging from 0 to 1.52 were found for mainstream CSP with initial sizes ranging from 0.03 to 0.6 μm. Growth ratios ranging from 0 to 1.35 were found for sidestream CSP with initial sizes ranging from 0.03 to 0.3 μm. CSP ranging from 0.03 to 0.6 μm reach their equilibrium diameters in less than 0.1 s. Further calculations indicated that CSP do not grow in subsaturated conditions less than 95% which agrees with results reported in Chen et al. [Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12: 364–375 (1990)] and Ishizu et al. [Beitr. zur Tabakforschung 10: 161–168 (1980)]. The hygroscopicity of CSP was found to be significantly less than a salt particle and the resulting growth rates were not large enough to explain the discrepancy between expected and measured deposition efficiencies.
Using P2P Overlay to Improve VoIP Quality in SIP+P2P System (2009)

The current Internet provides a best-effort service, which can not satisfy service quality guarantees that VoIP systems often require. Systems such as multi-homing and overlay network leverage path diversity that Internet inherently has to enhance end-to-end application performance. In this paper, we propose a P2P overlay approach, which is used to transmit media stream in SIP+P2P system. SIP+P2P is a peer-to-peer VoIP system, which leverages potential path diversity provided by P2P overlay to enhance VoIP quality. Firstly, we propose a path selection mechanism to ensure that end-to-end paths have a high degree of diversity. Then we develop an effective path switching mechanism based on P2P overlay, including path quality evaluation, predicting, and application-driven path switching. Finally, we evaluate our design on our SIP+P2P testbed, and prove that our path selection can explore high path diversity and that path switching can improve VoIP quality effectively.
The Interpersonal Effects of Anger and Happiness in Negotiations. (2004)

Three experiments investigated the interpersonal effects of anger and happiness in negotiations. In the course of a computer-mediated negotiation, participants received information about the emotional state (anger, happiness, or none) of their opponent. Consistent with a strategic-choice perspective, Experiment 1 showed that participants conceded more to an angry opponent than to a happy one. Experiment 2 showed that this effect was caused by tracking--participants used the emotion information to infer the other's limit, and they adjusted their demands accordingly. However, this effect was absent when the other made large concessions. Experiment 3 examined the interplay between experienced and communicated emotion and showed that angry communications (unlike happy ones) induced fear and thereby mitigated the effect of the opponent's experienced emotion. These results suggest that negotiators are especially influenced by their opponent's emotions when they are motivated and able to consider them.
Visual and Auditory Attention in Hyperactive and Normal Boys (1981)

Sustained attention to visualand auditory stimuli and reflection-impulsivity were eXamined in 48 hyperactive and 48 normal 9 and 14 year old boys.ultivariate analyses, ,followed by univariate tests, indicated tha the nonhyperactive Ss increased sustained attention efficiency itt age to both visual and auditory 1 Stimuli.Hyperactive Ss increased Din sustained attention efficiency.with age to auditory, but not visual stimuli.Both gr,oups increased with age in reflection-impulsivity as measured by the Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) test.Correlations between the sustained attention scores and the MFF error and latency scores were not " significant for hyperactive ,s. (
Unusual Presentation of Pseudoaneurysm with Trochanteric Fracture Femur with Associated Long-Term Antiepileptic Therapy (2014)

Arterial injury following impalement due to a trochanteric hip fracture-fragment per se has been documented rarely. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery at the first perforator branch in a 48-year-old male, with trochanteric hip fracture following a fall during an epileptic episode. Persistent recalcitrant pain, globular swelling in the groin, unexplained drop in the haemoglobin level, and color doppler ultrasonography findings were salient features to the diagnosis. Additionally, we collected all reported cases of pseudoaneurysm associated with hip fractures. We reviewed the literature regarding the incidence, treatment, and prognosis for the same. Acute vascular injury was probably caused by the spikes of fractured lesser trochanter which was found to be displaced superomedially. All trochanteric fractures especially those with displaced lesser trochanter fragment should be closely watched for the possibility of vascular injury. Early diagnosis and treatment in a staged manner can prevent the catastrophic vascular event and hence the limb.
Temperature dependence of <i>a</i>-C:H film deposition in a CH4 radio frequency plasma (1996)

The hydrogenated hard carbon films were deposited at elevated temperature in planar rf CH4 plasmas. The deposition rate and mechanical properties of the carbon films deposited at substrate temperature between room temperature and 400 °C were examined. The behavior of the film deposition rate indicated the negative temperature slope, and activation energies of around 0.04–0.05 eV at gas pressures of 40–100 mTorr were obtained from the Arrhenius plots of the deposition rates. Both the temperature behavior and the value of the activation energy suggest that the spontaneous incorporation of physisorbed CH3 precursor into the growing film is negligible, and the chemical reaction between the CH3 molecules and hydrocarbon ions bombarding the film surface is most probable in the present deposition process. The dense carbon films having film densities up to 2.7 g/cm3 were obtained at 40 mTorr.
The interaction between the iron-responsive element binding protein and its cognate RNA is highly dependent upon both RNA sequence and structure (1993)

To assess the influence of RNA sequence/structure on the interaction RNAs with the iron-responsive element binding protein (IRE-BP), twenty eight altered RNAs were tested as competitors for an RNA corresponding to the ferritin H chain IRE. All changes in the loop of the predicted IRE hairpin and in the unpaired cytosine residue characteristically found in IRE stems significantly decreased the apparent affinity of the RNA for the IRE-BP. Similarly, alteration in the spacing and/or orientation of the loop and the unpaired cytosine of the stem by either increasing or decreasing the number of base pairs separating them significantly reduced efficacy as a competitor. It is inferred that the IRE-BP forms multiple contacts with its cognate RNA, and that these contacts, acting in concert, provide the basis for the high affinity of this interaction.
The Losses Due to the Error in Estimating the Velocity in Clutter-Locking MTI Systems (1973)

The losses due to the statistical error inherent in estimating the mean clutter velocity by averaging over a limited number of range cells are derived. These results show that an accepted intuitive approach leads to a significant underestimation of the number of range cells required. Suggestions are made for reducing these losses.
Using the chicken feather as a window into cell-mediated tissue responses (99.12) (2007)

Abstract Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are typically tested by injecting the skin and monitoring the skin reaction. In chickens, various integumental tissues are suitable to measure the CMI reaction, including the wattle, wing web, toe web and foot pad. Using the Smyth line chicken vitiligo model to study the spontaneous autoimmune destruction of pigment cells in feathers, we have found that one growing feather-tip (3 mm diameter by 8 mm length) yields generous amounts of material for down-stream gene-expression-, histological-, and cell population-analyses. Moreover, growing feathers are easily accessible for microinjection, removal of a feather is minimally invasive, and feathers are very suitable for repeated sampling during an immune response. To investigate the potential of the feather as a window into tissue immune responses, time-course studies were conducted comparing leukocyte infiltration in wattles, wing webs and growing feathers in response to injection of vehicle, PHA or LPS, and during the recall response to Mycobacterium butyricum. Based on histology and immunohistochemical staining, leukocyte infiltration profiles over a 72 hour period were similar in all three tissues tested. Hence, the feather provides excellent opportunity to monitor and assess CMI responses and immunomodulation strategies in situ and via down-stream analyses. Support: Arkansas Experiment Station Animal Health Grant
Human pancreatic islet endothelial cells express coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor and are activated by coxsackie B virus infection (2007)

Enteroviruses, such as the coxsackievirus (CV) group, have been linked to the induction of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Virus tropism and tissue access are modulated by endothelial cells. To examine the susceptibility of microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) derived from pancreatic islets to infection with CV group B (CVB), purified cultured human islet MECs were infected with CVB-4 strain, and the immunological phenotype of the infected cells was analyzed. CVB-4 persistently infected the islet MECs, which expressed the CV receptors human coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (HCAR) and decay accelerating factor (DAF) and maintained EC characteristics, without overt cytopathic effects. CVB-4 infection transiently up-regulated expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6, and chemokines IL-8 and lymphotactin, as well as IFN-alpha. Mononuclear cell adhesion to CVB infected monolayers was increased, compared to uninfected monolayers. Moreover, infection up-regulated the viral receptors HCAR and DAF and coreceptor alpha(v)beta3 integrin on islet MECs, while down-regulating expression of HCAR on human aortic endothelial cells, indicating potential tissue-specific influence on the pathological outcome of infection. These results provide evidence that islet MECs are natural targets and reservoirs for persistent CVB infection resulting in acute endothelial cell activation by virus, which may contribute to selective recruitment of subsets of leukocytes during inflammatory immune responses, such as insulitis in type 1 diabetes.
Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial (2015)

Consumption of probiotic yogurt by patients with IBD may help to improve intestinal function by increasing the number of probiotic bacteria in the intestine and colon. However, many more studies are required in order to prove the concept.
Quantitative two-dimensional protein electrophoresis for studies of inborn errors of metabolism. (1982)

High-resolution electrophoretic methods and sensitive protein-detection techniques permit new approaches to understanding and diagnosis of the inborn errors of metabolism. These approaches encompass: the search for protein alterations that represent primary mutations effects; observation of alterations in protein patterns due to secondary effects, as might occur in major metabolic pathway abnormalities; and identification of protein polymorphisms that are genetically linked to an inborn metabolic disease. With the aid of computer analysis of the electrophoretograms, all three approaches are being developed. Protein density and position are evaluated with an interactive computer program that requires that gel polypeptides be indexed by the investigator. Proteins on the gels are made visible with an inexpensive, rapid silver stain, which can be used quantitatively. The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, one of a few neuropsychiatric diseases for which the molecular defect is known, was chosen for study with these techniques. Four hundred proteins were analyzed for positional or quantitative variation. Eleven significant (2p less than 0.01) quantitative differences were found in autoradiograms from gels of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Specific patterns of polypeptide variation are now being sought in an expanded clinical study primarily focusing on Huntington's disease. Large studies are required to establish the specificity of observed alterations. As the number and variety of analyses increase, a correlative catalog of molecular variation and polymorphism will be generated.
Cold-formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Sheathed with Corrugated Sheet Steel (2013)

Incombustibility is one important advantage of the sheet steel sheathed shear wall over wood panel sheathed shear wall. Compared to shear wall sheathed with plywood and OSB panel, shear wall sheathed with flat sheet steel behaved lower shear strength. Although shear wall sheathed with corrugated sheet steel exhibited high nominal strength and high stiffness, the shear wall usually behaved lower ductility resulting from brittle failure at the connection between the sheathing to frames. This research is aimed at developing modifications on the corrugated sheathing to improve the ductility of the shear wall as well as derive practical response modification factor by establishing correct relationship between ductility factor ? and response modification factor R. Totally 21 monotonic and cyclic full-scale shear wall tests were conducted during the winter break in 2012 by the author in NUCONSTEEL Materials Testing Laboratory in the University of North Texas. The research investigated nineteen 8 ft. × 4 ft. shear walls with 68 mil frames and 27 mil corrugation sheet steel in 11 configurations and two more shear walls sheathed with 6/17-in.OSB and 15/32-in. plywood respectively for comparison. The shear walls, which were in some special cutting arrangement patterns, performed better under lateral load conditions according to the behavior of ductility and shear strength and could be used as lateral system in construction.
Gold Nanoparticles Enhance the Toluidine Blue-Induced Lethal Photosensitisation of Staphylococcus aureus (2008)

Lethal photosensitisation of microbes forms the basis of a new approach to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In this study we report on the ability of gold nanoparticles to enhance the antimicrobial effectiveness of the photosensitiser toluidine blue O (TBO) when illuminated with white light. A suspension of Staphylococcus aureus (approximately 107-108 cfu/ml) was exposed to white light in the presence of either TBO or a combination of TBO and gold nanoparticles and the number of survivors determined. The presence of either 2 nm or 15 nm nanogold particles resulted in an approximately one log10 enhancement of the kills achieved using TBO alone. Such an enhancement, if operative in vivo, would improve the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Mechanistic studies showed that the 15 nm gold nanoparticles enhance the light capturing ability of the TBO. Furthermore the excited TBO molecules relax through a non-radiative process, but not through the production of singlet oxygen.
Viability of Heterotrophic Bacteria in Freshwater (1982)

The viabilities of planktonic bacteria from nine freshwaters and one raw sewage were compared. Viabilities estimated from microcolony formation in slide culture (18·4–48·7%) were higher than a conventional plate count method (1·8–14·9%). Microcolony viability was estimated in four ways; the one recommended was the ratio of the microcolony count and total count of microcolonies and single cells after 24 or 72 h incubation. Bacterial viability strongly correlated with the percentage of bacteria <0·2 μm3 in size and the concentration of soluble carbohydrate in the water.
The <i>sypA, sypB,</i> and <i>sypC</i> Synthetase Genes Encode Twenty-Two Modules Involved in the Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis of Syringopeptin by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> B301D (2003)

Syringopeptin is a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin, composed of 22 amino acids attached to a 3-hydroxy fatty acid tail. Syringopeptin, produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, functions as a virulence determinant in the plant-pathogen interaction. A 73,800-bp DNA region was sequenced, and analysis identified three large open reading frames, sypA, sypB, and sypC, that are 16.1, 16.3, and 40.6 kb in size. Sequence analysis of the putative SypA, SypB, and SypC sequences determined that they are homologous to peptide synthetases, containing five, five, and twelve amino acid activation modules, respectively. Each module exhibited characteristic domains for condensation, aminoacyl adenylation, and thiolation. Within the aminoacyl adenylation domain is a region responsible for substrate specificity. Phylogenetic analysis of the substrate-binding pockets resulted in clustering of the 22 syringopeptin modules into nine groups. This clustering reflects the substrate amino acids predicted to be recognized by each of the respective modules based on placement of the syringopeptin NRPS (nonribosomal peptide synthetase) system in the linear (type A) group. Finally, SypC contains two C-terminal thioesterase domains predicted to catalyze the release of syringopeptin from the synthetase and peptide cyclization to form the lactone ring. The syringopeptin synthetases, which carry 22 NRPS modules, represent the largest linear NRPS system described for a prokaryote.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of DNA Targeting Flexible Side‐Chain Substituted β‐Carboline Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preliminary observations of malignant melanoma therapy using radiolabeled alpha‐methyltyrosine (1988)

A strategy for cancer therapy using astatine-211-labeled alpha-methyltyrosine (211At-AMT) was studied in cultured B16 melanoma cells and compared to the radiotoxicity of iodine-125-labeled iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR), a thymidine analogue. Both 125I and 211At deliver lethal doses of irradiation to melanoma cells when administered as 125IUdR and 211At-AMT. The alpha decay of astatine-211 is more effective however, needing only a fraction of the cellular radioactivity of 125IUdR to effect comparable clonogenic survival. Compared with 125IUdR, 125I-AMT is not cytotoxic because the range of the low energy electrons released does not interact with DNA. Uptake of radiolabeled AMT by melanotic cells is enhanced by theophylline. This preliminary evidence suggests that 211At-labeled melanin precursors may be exquisitely cytotoxic to B16 melanoma cells.
Efficient heat generation in large-area graphene films by electromagnetic wave absorption (2017)

Graphene has been intensively studied due to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties. Recently, it was found that the heat generation by Joule heating of graphene is limited by the conductivity of graphene. Here we suggest an alternative method to generate heat on a large-area graphene film more efficiently by utilizing the unique electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption property of graphene. The EM wave induces an oscillating magnetic moment generated by the orbital motion of moving electrons, which efficiently absorbs the EM energy and dissipate it as a thermal energy. In this case, the mobility of electron is more important than the conductivity, because the EMinduced diamagnetic moment is directly proportional to the speed of electron in an orbital motion. To control the charge carrier mobility of graphene we functionalized substrates with self-assembled monolayers (SAM). As the result, we find that the graphene showing the Dirac voltage close to zero can be more efficiently heated by EM waves. In addition, the temperature gradient also depends on the number of graphene. We expect that the efficient and fast heating of graphene films by EM waves can be utilized for smart heating windows and defogging windshields.