gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Streaming Quantiles Algorithms with Small Space and Update Time (2022)

Approximating quantiles and distributions over streaming data has been studied for roughly two decades now. Recently, Karnin, Lang, and Liberty proposed the first asymptotically optimal algorithm for doing so. This manuscript complements their theoretical result by providing a practical variants of their algorithm with improved constants. For a given sketch size, our techniques provably reduce the upper bound on the sketch error by a factor of two. These improvements are verified experimentally. Our modified quantile sketch improves the latency as well by reducing the worst-case update time from O(1ε) down to O(log1ε).
Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations (2007)

Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients. As several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD (dPD), the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in PD and determine which scales should be selected for this review. The scales reviewed were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I, Cornell Scale for the Assessment of Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dPD were assigned to review the scales using a structured format. The most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal. However, observer-rated scales are preferred if the study or clinical situation permits. For screening purposes, the HAM-D, BDI, HADS, MADRS, and GDS are valid in dPD. The CES-D and CSDD are alternative instruments that need validation in dPD. For measurement of severity of depressive symptoms, the Ham-D, MADRS, BDI, and SDS scales are recommended. Further studies are needed to validate the CSDD, which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dPD in patients with comorbid dementia. To account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression, adjusted instrument cutoff scores may be needed for dPD, and scales to assess severity of motor symptoms (e.g., UPDRS) should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors. The HADS and the GDS include limited motor symptom assessment and may, therefore, be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of PD severity; however, these scales appear insensitive in severe depression. The complex and time-consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted.
The wingless signalling pathway and the patterning of the wing margin in <i>Drosophila</i> (1994)

The margin of the wing of Drosophila is defined and patterned from a stripe of cells expressing the wingless (wg) gene that is established during the third larval instar in the developing wing blade. The expression of the genes cut and achaete in a small domain in the prospective wing margin region reflects the activity of wg and probably mediate its function. Our results indicate that, in the wing margin, the wingless signal requires the activity of at least three genes: armadillo (arm), dishevelled (dsh) and shaggy (sgg) and that the functional relationship between these genes and wg is the same as that which exist during the patterning of the larval epidermis. These observations indicate that arm, dsh and sgg encode elements of a unique 'wingless signalling pathway' that is used several times throughout development.
Desymmetrization of Glycerol Derivatives with Peptide-Based Acylation Catalysts (2005)

[reaction: see text] Nucleophile-loaded peptides have been evaluated as catalysts for the desymmetrization of glycerol derivatives through an enantioselective acylation process. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 97% have been obtained for the monoacylated products. A range of other substrates have been examined that shed light on the mechanistic basis of the desymmetrizations.
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and x-ray structure of bis(imidazolium) (imidazole)pentachlororuthenate(III), (ImH)2(RuImCl5) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, antitumor activity, and x-ray structure of bis(imidazolium) (imidazole)pentachlororuthenate(III), (ImH)2(RuImCl5)B. K. Keppler, D. Wehe, H. Endres, and W. RuppCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 6, 844–846Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00253a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00253a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Input Impedance, Wave Travel, and Reflections in the Human Pulmonary Arterial Tree: Studies Using an Electrical Analog (1968)

An electrical model of the human pulmonary arterial tree has been developed using modern oscillatory flow theory. By comparison with corresponding in vivo measurements of 1) pressure and flow waveshapes, 2) input impedance, and 3) apparent phase velocity, this passive, multisegmental, linear delay line model is shown to bear a close resemblance to reality.
Automated concurrency re-assignment in high level system models for efficient system-level simulation (2003)

Simple and powerful modeling of concurrency and reactivity along with their efficient implementation in the simulation kernel are crucial to the overall usefulness of system level models using the C++-based modeling frameworks. However the concurrency alignment in most modeling frameworks is naturally expressed along hardware units, being supported by the various language constructs, and the system designers express concurrency in their system models by providing threads for some modules/units of the model. Our experimental analysis shows that this concurrency model leads to inefficient simulation performance, and a concurrency alignment along dataflow gives much better simulation performance, but changes the conceptual model of hardware structures. As a result, we propose an algorithmic transformation of designs written in these C++-based environments with concurrency alignment along units/modules. This transformation, provided as a compiler front-end, will re-assign the concurrency along the dataflow, as opposed to threading along concurrent hardware/software modules, keeping the functionality of the model unchanged. Such a front-end transformation strategy will relieve hardware system designers from concerns about software engineering issues such as, threading architecture, and simulation performance, while allowing them to design in the most natural manner whereas, the simulation performance can be enhanced up to almost two times as shown in our experiments.
Reduction of Ambient Light Reflection in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2001)

The reflectance of ambient light on a light-emitting diode cathode can be reduced to less than 18 %! This is achieved by employing an oxygen-deficient zinc oxide layer between the cathode and the electron-transporting layer. The new structure provides a substantially enhanced contrast under ambient light conditions. The Figure shows devices without (left) and with (right) the zinc oxide layer (see also inside front cover).
Thrombomodulin Prolongs Thrombin-Induced Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation and Nuclear Retention in Endothelial Cells (2001)

On endothelial cells, thrombin binds to thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane-bound glycoprotein, and to protease-activated receptors (PARs). Thrombin binding to TM modulates endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated through PAR1. We studied the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells activated by thrombin. Thrombin and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced DNA synthesis were significantly inhibited by PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation. Immunoblots of phosphorylated ERKs (pERKs) and immunocytochemical studies of pERK localization revealed differences in the signal generated by thrombin and TRAP. After a short activation (15 minutes), the phosphorylation and the intracellular localization of pERKs were the same with the 2 agonists. After 4 hours, however, pERKs were visualized in the nuclei of thrombin-activated cells but barely detectable in TRAP-activated cells. Moreover, after 4 hours, the pERKs were visualized in the nuclei of cells stimulated by TRAP in the presence of a thrombin mutant that bound to TM, whereas they were around the nuclei in cells stimulated by thrombin in the presence of a monoclonal antibody preventing thrombin binding to TM. The results demonstrate that ERKs are involved in human umbilical vein endothelial cell DNA synthesis mediated by PAR agonists, that the duration of pERK nuclear retention is in inverse ratio to the mitogenic response, and that in addition to its role in the regulation of blood coagulation, TM acts as a thrombin receptor that modulates the duration of pERK nuclear retention and cell proliferation in response to thrombin.
A method to determine the injected real power into an IC Pin in case of a conducted immunity EMC test (2011)

The direct power injection (DPI) measurement method is an internationally accepted technique to verify the robustness of an integrated circuit (IC) against an injected RF signal. The requirements of this measurement method respecting the setup is fixed in the international standard IEC 62132-4 [1]. In this paper a method is presented which allows to determine the real power injection into the IC pin by considering the influence of the required test printed circuit board (PCB). To apply this method only the transmitted and reflected RF power, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), which are already locked during the DPI test, and the scattering parameters (S-parameters) of the PCB injection path are needed. How to use the available measurement results and how to determine the required S-parameters of the PCB injection path is described in this paper.
Urine lipoarabinomannan assay for tuberculosis screening before antiretroviral therapy diagnostic yield and association with immune reconstitution disease (2009)

The LAM assay has substantially superior sensitivity to sputum microscopy as a routine diagnostic TB screening test among patients with CD4 cell counts less than 100 cells/microliter. In one half of such patients, this assay could reduce the mean time to diagnosis by approximately 3 weeks. Furthermore, detectable urinary LAM may predict the development of TB immune reconstitution disease.
Self-aligned ohmic contact scheme to InGaAs using epitaxial Ge growth (2011)

In this work we offer an integration-ready solution to obtain self-aligned ohmic contacts on n-type III–V layers. We demonstrate ohmic contacts on n-type In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As by means of selective growth of epitaxial Ge followed by selective Ni germaniation process. Circular Transfer Length Method (CTLM) is used to extract the values of the Specific Contact Resistivity ρ C of the contacts. Values of ρ C in the order of 4×10−5 Ω-cm2 have been measure This scheme, if further optimized, can contribute to the development of MOSFETs devices based on high-mobility materials.
RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate induction of prolonged activation of c-jun amino-terminal kinase and c-jun during induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. (1998)

We have demonstrated that RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (10 microg/mL vitamin E succinate (VES) treatment of estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells induces 9, 19, 51, and 72% apoptotic cells on days 1-4, respectively, after treatment, which involves transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Here, we show that VES-triggered apoptosis of MDA-MB-435 cells induced prolonged elevated expression of c-jun mRNA and protein (neither of which was caused by major increases in stability) and also induced enhanced activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding to the consensus DNA oligomer. Furthermore, VES treatments resulted in increased AP-1 transactivation activity, as measured with an AP-1 promoter/luciferase reporter construct and by the measurement of increased mRNA expression of the AP-1-dependent endogenous gene collagenase. Evidence of VES-induced involvement of the c-jun amino-terminal kinase in these AP-1-dependent events was suggested by data showing prolonged activity of this kinase, as measured by a kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase-c-jun as the substrate. The c-jun-dependent transcriptional activity was verified by cotransfection of a chimeric transcription factor having a galactose 4 DNA-binding domain coupled with the transactivation domain of c-jun plus the reporter plasmid 5X GAL4-luciferase. MDA-MB-435 cells infected with an adenovirus expression vector containing the TAM-67 sequence for dominant/negative-acting mutant c-jun or transiently transfected with c-jun antisense exhibited a 50-77% reduction in VES-mediated apoptosis as compared with control adenovirus-infected or control sense oligomer-transfected cells.
A Single-Step Method for the Production of Sugar Hydrazides:  Intermediates for the Chemoselective Preparation of Glycoconjugates (2005)

The ability to selectively conjugate carbohydrate molecules to a protein is a key step in the preparation of conjugate vaccines, while facile methods for linking carbohydrates to polymers or solid surfaces to produce diagnostic probes and functional microarrays are also sought. Here, we describe a simple, single-step method of producing glycosylhydrazides from unprotected sugars, which were then linked in a controlled manner to a desired carrier, through an appropriate linker. The method was chemoselective and did not require coupling reagents, and the native pyranose form of the reducing end residue was retained. Initially, mono- and disaccharide hydrazides were produced from the corresponding reducing sugars and linked to BSA through a bifunctional linker. Final exemplification of the procedure was demonstrated by the preparation of a LewisY tetrasaccharide protein conjugate, which was recognized by a LewisY monoclonal antibody indicating the preservation of the natural conformation of the tetrasaccharide in the final construct. It is envisaged that this method will have general applicability to a variety of functionally diverse reducing sugars and provide a route to highly defined glycoconjugates, without the need for elaborate synthetic strategies.
High Efficiency Nonpolar and Semipolar Light Emitting Diodes - Invited (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Observation of a compressed state of the quantum wire material in porous silicon by the method of Raman scattering (1996)

An experiment on Raman scattering in porous silicon containing a regular system of quantum wires reveals a shift of the phonon frequencies of the silicon lattice toward higher energies. The effect is interpreted as a manifestation of a compressed state of the material in the quantum wires. It is shown that the observed deformation plays a large role in the formation of the structure of porous silicon.
Delayed Feedback Control of Periodic Orbits in Autonomous Systems (1998)

For controlling periodic orbits with delayed feedback methods the periodicity has to be known a priori. We propose a simple scheme, how to detect the period of orbits from properties of the control signal, at least if a periodic but nonvanishing signal is observed. We analytically derive a simple expression relating the delay, the control amplitude, and the unknown period. Thus, the latter can be computed from experimentally accessible quantities. Our findings are confirmed by numerical simulations and electronic circuit experiments.
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. 192. Hydrophobic bonding to some dehydrogenases with 5-substituted-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acids (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrreversible enzyme inhibitors. 192. Hydrophobic bonding to some dehydrogenases with 5-substituted-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acidsB. R. Baker and Ray R. BramhallCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 3, 237–241Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00273a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00273a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microemulsion polymerization of siloxane with nonionic surfactants as emulsifiers (2003)

Abstract Polysiloxane nanolatices were prepared by the microemulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) with nonionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and polyoxyethylene aryl ether as surfactants, ethylene glycol or aminoethanol as a cosurfactant, and potassium hydroxide or dipotassium dimethylsilanolate (I) as an initiator. The effect of the different initiators and the amount of cosurfactant on the microemulsion polymerization rate of D 4 was investigated. The initiator, potassium hydroxide, had a similar catalytic activity to I, and adding the cosurfactant changed a common siloxane emulsion to a microemulsion. At a same reaction conditions, the polymerization rate of D 4 with aminoethanol as a cosurfactant was much faster than that of ethylene glycol. The kinetics of this siloxane microemulsion polymerization was consistent with Morgen‐Kaler theory. The transparency value of the resultant polysiloxane nanolatex was more than 95% when the amount of ethylene glycol was more than 25% and the siloxane amount was about 30 wt % of the reaction mixture. A nanolatex of polydimethylsiloxane‐ co ‐polyvinylmethylsiloxane, which was crosslinked with potassium persulfate, revealed that the mean diameter of the droplets was 32 nm with a narrow distribution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3587–3593, 2003
Novel Vertical Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistors with Re-grown AlGaN/GaN Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Channels on GaN Substrates (2010)

Novel vertical heterojunction field-effect transistors (VHFETs) with re-grown AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channels on free-standing GaN substrates have been developed. The VHFETs exhibited a specific on-resistance (RonA) of 7.6 mΩ cm2 at a threshold voltage (VTH) of -1.1 V and a breakdown voltage (VB) of 672 V. The breakdown voltage and the figure of merit (VB2/RonA) are the highest among those of the GaN-based vertical transistors ever reported. It was demonstrated that the threshold voltage can be controlled by the thickness of AlGaN layers and a normally-off operation was achieved with a 10-nm-thick Al0.2Ga0.8N layer.
The Pathologic Changes in Pyelitis of Children Interpreted on the Basis of Experimental Lesions (1932)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Apr 1932The Pathologic Changes in Pyelitis of Children Interpreted on the Basis of Experimental Lesions Roger L.J. Kennedy Roger L.J. KennedyRoger L.J. Kennedy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72727-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1932 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByHelmholz H (2018) Experimental Studies in Urinary Infections of the Bacillary TypeJournal of Urology, VOL. 31, NO. 2, (173-192), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1934. Volume 27Issue 4April 1932Page: 371-398 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1932 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Roger L.J. Kennedy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Analysis of expression of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) in multiple myeloma: downregulation of NF‐κB induces apoptosis (2001)

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is an important transcription factor that regulates survival in many cells. Activated NF-kappa B has been shown to protect some haematopoietic neoplastic cells from apoptosis. In the present study, we analysed NF-kappa B status in 13 primary samples from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and in four myeloma cell lines including U266, RPMI 8226, HS-Sultan and K620. Constitutive activation of NF-kappa B was evaluated by either immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence using a monoclonal mouse anti-human p65 (Rel A) antibody, which recognizes the unbound, active form of p65 (Rel A). Constitutively active NF-kappa B was present in all MM patient samples as well as in all four myeloma cell lines. Inhibition of constitutively active NF-kappa B, by either proteasome inhibitors (MG132, gliotoxin) or inhibitors of I kappa B phosphorylation (Bay117082, and Bay117085), induced apoptosis as demonstrated by both flow cytometric analysis and light microscopic morphological evaluation. This chemically induced apoptosis was associated with decreased DNA binding of nuclear NF-kappa B as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In addition, adenovirus vector with dominant negative I kappa B alpha (Ad5I kappa B) was used for inhibition of NF-kappa B in the U266 cell line. Compared with wild-type, super-repressor-treated cells showed an increased level of apoptosis. These results suggest that constitutive expression of NF-kappa B plays an important role in plasma cell survival in MM.