gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective ECG synchronised suction and retroinfusion of coronary veins: first results of studies in acute myocardial ischaemia in dogs (1990)

These data suggest that intermittent suction increased the efficacy of coronary venous retroinfusion in acute myocardial ischaemia.
Macromolecular Structure and Morphology of Native Glycogen Particles Isolated from <i>Candida albicans</i> (1974)

A polysaccharide-rich particulate fraction was isolated from cytoplasmic extracts of Candida albicans by a procedure using differential centrifugation. The polysaccharide particles obtained after purification with deoxycholate treatment were essentially free of nitrogen and were identified chemically as polyglucosan, in which the glucosidic links were of alpha type. Both the response to amylolytic enzymes and the spectral characteristics of the iodine complexes of the polysaccharide particles were similar to those of rabbit liver glycogen. They also precipitated with concanavalin A, the glycogen value being assessed at 1.04. These data strongly indicated that the polysaccharide particles have the macromolecular structure characteristic of glycogen. The sedimentation analysis revealed that they were polydisperse, with a weight average sedimentation coefficient of 340S. In negatively stained specimens, the glycogen particles were seen to form rosette-like structures consisting of a complex unit 40 to 150 nm in diameter. Such complex particles were composed of smaller globules that were fairly uniform in size with an average diameter of 32 nm.
Oxidation of phenothiazine dyes by manganese(III) in sulfuric acid solution (2011)

Manganese(III) sulfato complexes cause the oxidative degradation of methylene blue and its partially and fully N-demethylated derivatives, azure B and thionine dyes, respectively, in sulfuric acid media. The reaction proceeds through a colored reactive organic radical generated in the first stage via one-electron oxidation of the starting material, leading to a mixture of N-demethylated and/or deaminated species. The rates of formation of the methylene blue and azure B radicals are much higher than those of their further decomposition, whereas the generation of the thionine radical is much slower than its immeasurably fast decay. The kinetics of decomposition of all three dyes and the methylene blue and azure B radicals were studied spectrophotometrically under isolation conditions at 298 K. The first stage of each reaction proceeds according to a second-order rate expression, being first order in the dyes and in the manganese(III) concentrations. Dependence of the pseudo-first-order rate constants on the oxidant concentration for the second stage exhibits a saturation effect under the applied conditions. It is postulated that electron transfer takes place between the [Mn(SO4)3]3− complex and the protonated form of the dye. The reactivity order of the dyes as determined from the second-order rate constants for the first reaction stage corresponds to the order of their HOMO energies.
Virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of a novel chimeric pestivirus (2007)

A chimeric pestivirus of border disease virus Gifhorn and bovine viral diarrhea virus CP7 (Meyers et al., 1996) was constructed. Virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of the chimeric virus were studied in a vaccination-challenge experiment in pigs. The chimeric virus proved to be avirulent and neither chimeric virus nor viral RNA was detected in serum after vaccination. The safety of the vaccine was tested by horizontal transmission to sentinel pigs, which remained uninfected. The vaccine efficacy was examined by challenge infection with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) Eystrup. In 'challenge controls', the viral load of CSFV coincided with the development of pronounced clinical symptoms. In contrast, the vaccinated pigs showed transient and weak clinical signs. Analysis of the viral load in these pigs showed 1000-fold lower viral RNA levels compared to 'challenge controls' and horizontal transmission of challenge virus to sentinel pigs was not observed.
Effect of Iron Catalyst on the Synthesis of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes in Induction Plasma (2004)

The continuous synthesis of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in induction plasmas at the 40-kW plate power level has been studied. Kinetics calculations were conducted to predict the conditions for fullerenes formation at the high plasma temperatures. “Carbon black-iron” powder mixtures were used as starting materials. The effects of the carbon−iron molar ratio and the reactant's feeding rates on the yield of fullerenes and CNTs were studied. The experimental results show that the synthesis of fullerenes and CNTs is clearly enhanced by the 4 mol % of Fe, present in the starting mixture, when it is fed at the low rate of about 1 g/min. Under these conditions, high yields of CNTs and C60 content, equal to 7.4 wt % of the total reaction product collected, were obtained.
Exploring price and product information search behavior in e-market (2005)

Many have expected that the increased availability of price and product information over a wide range of vendors and low search costs on the Web would increase price competition, reduce price dispersion, and eventually lower the level of product price. However, recent empirical studies have shown somewhat conflicting results. Price dispersion still exists in many online industries even for commodities like books and CDs. This research explores the reason behind consumer search behavior on the Web. The results of this study show that consumers in e-market do not search for either price or product information, even with low search costs, as much as we have anticipated. The results also indicate that the traditional consumer segmentation in the physical market may not always apply in the e-market. In terms of price and product information searches, brand loyalists showed higher search activity than other e-consumer groups unlike in physical market.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Intramuscular and Oral Meloxicam in Patients with Acute Lumbago: A Comparison with Intramuscular and Oral Piroxicam (1997)

In this controlled, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre study, the efficacy and tolerability of an intramuscular (i.m.) dose of meloxicam (15 mg) on Day 1 followed by seven days of oral meloxicam (15 mg/day) were compared with those of an i.m. dose of piroxicam (20 mg) on Day 1 followed by seven days of oral piroxicam (20 mg/day) therapy in a total of 169 outpatients with acute lumbago. Time to onset of analgesic action after i.m. injection was determined, and overall efficacy, pain on movement, limitation of daily activities, local tolerability at the injection site and overall tolerability were assessed by investigators and patients on verbal rating scales (VRSs). Adverse events and laboratory assessments were documented. Meloxicam and piroxicam showed a rapid onset of action after i.m. injection (40 and 45 minutes median time, respectively), overall efficacy of both therapies was highly rated, and limitations to daily life were greatly reduced in the majority of patients in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in efficacy between meloxicam and piroxicam. Local and overall tolerabilities were equally good for the two drugs, but there were fewer gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events among meloxicam patients (1.2% of patients) than piroxicam patients (7.0% of patients). The improved tolerability profile of meloxicam may be explained by its selectivity towards cyclooxygenase-2.
Acoustic Detection of Coronary Artery Disease (2007)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries to the heart (the coronary arteries) become blocked by deposition of plaque, depriving the heart of oxygen-bearing blood. This disease is arguably the most important fatal disease in industrialized countries, causing one-third to one-half of all deaths in persons between the ages of 35 and 64 in the United States. Despite the fact that early detection of CAD allows for successful and cost-effective treatment of the disease, only 20% of CAD cases are diagnosed prior to a heart attack. The development of a definitive, noninvasive test for detection of coronary blockages is one of the holy grails of diagnostic cardiology. One promising approach to detecting coronary blockages noninvasively is based on identifying acoustic signatures generated by turbulent blood flow through partially occluded coronary arteries. In fact, no other approach to the detection of CAD promises to be as inexpensive, simple to perform, and risk free as the acoustic-based approach. Although sounds associated with partially blocked arteries are easy to identify in more superficial vessels such as the carotids, sounds from coronary arteries are very faint and surrounded by noise such as the very loud valve sounds. To detect these very weak signals requires sophisticated signal processing techniques. This review describes the work that has been done in this area since the 1980s and discusses future directions that may fulfill the promise of the acoustic approach to detecting coronary artery disease.
Doppler Frequency-Shift Compensated Photorefractive Interferometer for Ultrasound Detection on Objects in Motion (2003)

Two‐wave mixing based interferometry has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for non‐contact, broadband and speckle insensitive measurements of the small surface displacements produced by ultrasonic waves propagating in an object. When the object is in rapid motion along the line‐of‐sight of the probing laser or when the laser beam is rapidly scanned on a wavy surface, the two‐wave mixing photorefractive interferometer loses sensitivity to the point it could become useless. To circumvent the Doppler frequency‐shift produced by this relative motion, we propose a dynamic compensation scheme. We report a particularly simple scheme to implement this concept by monitoring the low‐frequency output signal of a balanced two‐wave mixing demodulator whose output is proportional to the frequency difference between the pump and signal beams, and feeding this signal back to the acousto‐optic shifter. With this new concept, the two‐wave mixing interferometer can operate on objects in rapid motion while maintaining its sensitivity to low frequency ultrasound.
Nuclear and mitochondrial uracil-DNA glycosylases are generated by alternative splicing and transcription from different positions in the UNG gene (1997)

A distinct nuclear form of human uracil-DNA glycosylase [UNG2, open reading frame (ORF) 313 amino acid residues] from the UNG gene has been identified. UNG2 differs from the previously known form (UNG1, ORF 304 amino acid residues) in the 44 amino acids of the N-terminal sequence, which is not necessary for catalytic activity. The rest of the sequence and the catalytic domain, altogether 269 amino acids, are identical. The alternative N-terminal sequence in UNG2 arises by splicing of a previously unrecognized exon (exon 1A) into a consensus splice site after codon 35 in exon 1B (previously designated exon 1). The UNG1 sequence starts at codon 1 in exon 1B and thus has 35 amino acids not present in UNG2. Coupled transcription/translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates demonstrated that both proteins are catalytically active. Similar forms of UNG1 and UNG2 are expressed in mouse which has an identical organization of the homologous gene. Constructs that express fusion products of UNG1 or UNG2 and green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were used to study the significance of the N-terminal sequences in UNG1 and UNG2 for subcellular targeting. After transient transfection of HeLa cells, the pUNG1-EGFP-N1 product colocalizes with mitochondria, whereas the pUNG2-EGFP-N1 product is targeted exclusively to nuclei.
A Relative-Entropy Algorithm for Genomic Fingerprinting Captures Host-Phage Similarities (2005)

The degeneracy of codons allows a multitude of possible sequences to code for the same protein. Hidden within the particular choice of sequence for each organism are over 100 previously undiscovered biologically significant, short oligonucleotides (length, 2 to 7 nucleotides). We present an information-theoretic algorithm that finds these novel signals. Applying this algorithm to the 209 sequenced bacterial genomes in the NCBI database, we determine a set of oligonucleotides for each bacterium which uniquely characterizes the organism. Some of these signals have known biological functions, like restriction enzyme binding sites, but most are new. An accompanying scoring algorithm is introduced that accurately (92%) places sequences of 100 kb with their correct species among the choice of hundreds. This algorithm also does far better than previous methods at relating phage genomes to their bacterial hosts, suggesting that the lists of oligonucleotides are "genomic fingerprints" that encode information about the effects of the cellular environment on DNA sequence. Our approach provides a novel basis for phylogeny and is potentially ideally suited for classifying the short DNA fragments obtained by environmental shotgun sequencing. The methods developed here can be readily extended to other problems in bioinformatics.
Inherent amplitude demodulation of an AC-EWOD (electrowetting on dielectric) droplet (2012)

Recently, it has been shown that amplitude modulation (AM) in a wireless EWOD (electrowetting on dielectric) via magnetic induction facilitates the transmission of a low frequency message signal and then the oscillation of droplets at a low frequency. This process requires demodulation to recover the message signal from the high-frequency AM signal. As a key contribution, this paper theoretically and experimentally shows that the EWOD-actuated droplet has the inherent functionality of demodulation. That is, the EWOD droplet itself demodulates a supplied AM driving voltage, and as a result the contact angle of the droplet directly follows the message signal without any artificial demodulation circuit. A theoretical explanation of this inherent demodulation property is developed using a time-varying Lippmann-Young (LY) equation. In addition, experimental results are presented to substantiate the inherent demodulation functionality of an EWOD droplet.
DAGuE: A Generic Distributed DAG Engine for High Performance Computing (2011)

The frenetic development of the current architectures places a strain on the current state-of-the-art programming environments. Harnessing the full potential of such architectures has been a tremendous task for the whole scientific computing community. We present DAGuE a generic framework for architecture aware scheduling and management of micro-tasks on distributed many-core heterogeneous architectures. Applications we consider can be represented as a Direct Acyclic Graph of tasks with labeled edges designating data dependencies. DAGs are represented in a compact, problem-size independent format that can be queried on-demand to discover data dependencies, in a totally distributed fashion. DAGuE assigns computation threads to the cores, overlaps communications and computations and uses a dynamic, fully-distributed scheduler based on cache awareness, data-locality and task priority. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach, using several micro-benchmarks to analyze the performance of different components of the framework, and a Linear Algebra factorization as a use case.
The relationship between depression and smoking in adolescents. (2003)

The literature suggests that smokers are more likely to be depressed, while people who are depressed are more likely to smoke. The purpose of the present study was to determine the strength of the relationship between smoking, depression, intention to smoke, and several psychosocial and environmental factors. The participants (98 high school and college students aged 16 to 19 years) completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire consisting of the Multiscore Depression Inventory (MDI) and items regarding smoking behavior as well as psychosocial and environmental factors. Correlation, stepwise regression, and discriminant analyses were then conducted. It was found that participants were more likely to smoke if their parents smoked, if their scores on the MDI indicated instrumental helplessness and social isolation/withdrawal, or if they were older. Participants were more likely to state intention to smoke in the future if they had MDI scores indicating instrumental helplessness, if they were older, if their parents smoked, if their MDI scores indicated social intro-version, or if they resided with a guardian. Participants were also more likely to have smoked for more years if their parents smoked or if their scores on the MDI indicated instrumental helplessness. Further, participants were more likely to have scores on the MDI indicative of higher depression levels if they had low grades or if their parents smoked.
Utility of model criticism indices for Bayesian inference networks in cognitive assessment (2000)

This study provides a context of cognitive assessment and the influence of model-based measurement, artificial intelligence and technological developments on the feasibility of cognitive assessment utilizing complex constructed-response tasks. While cognitive assessment has benefited from a wealth of knowledge from cognitive research the modeling of cognitive variables for assessment has largely depended on the skill of the modeler with little assistance from empirical methodologies. This study investigates an empirical methodology for model criticism of student models utilizing Bayesian Inference Networks with latent variables. Three indices (Weaver's Surprise Index, Good's Logarithmic Score, and the Ranked Probability Score) were examined for their ability to detect errors of inclusion and exclusion of nodes, strong directed edges, weak directed edges, and node states as well as prior probability misspecification in the latent structure of a hypothetical Bayesian Inference Network. Using Monte Carlo simulations of candidate data this investigation was conducted under a number of sample sizes (N of 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000) to determine the efficiency of each index for types of model errors. Simulated candidate data was compared to the parameters for critical values for each index determined through a bootstrapping procedure with Monte Carlo data generated to be consistent with the model under examination (a null hypothesis data set). The results suggest that both Weaver's Surprise Index and the Ranked Probability Score are capable of detecting the exclusion of nodes and strong edges at small sample sizes and both the inclusion and exclusion of nodes and strong edges at large sample sizes. The results also suggest that the Ranked Probability Score has an advantage of efficiency over Weaver's Surprise Index in the detection of inclusion of nodes and strong edges at small sample sizes. A further advantage of the Ranked Probability Score is suggested by the ability to detect node state exclusion and prior probability error at high sample sizes. The results suggest that Weaver's Surprise Index may possess an advantage in the ability to detect weak edge exclusion errors at high sample sizes. The sole utility of Good's Logarithmic Score suggested by this study is for the detection of errors of exclusion and inclusion of node states at both small and large sample sizes, an error undetected by the other indices. Of course, replications utilizing different Bayesian Inference Network model structures and latent structure error locations are necessary before these results can be relied upon for common practice. Implications for applications to model criticism and development of student models for cognitive assessment are discussed.
Outer membrane differences between pathogenic and environmental Yersinia enterocolitica biogroups probed with hydrophobic permeants and polycationic peptides (1996)

Sensitivities to polycationic peptides and EDTA were compared in Yersinia enterocolitica pathogenic and environmental biogroups. As shown by changes in permeability to the fluorescent hydrophobic probe N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN), the outer membranes (OMs) of pathogenic and environmental strains grown at 26 degrees C in standard broth were more resistant to poly-L-lysine, poly-L-ornithine, melittin, cecropin P1, polymyxin B, and EDTA than Escherichia coli OMs. At 37 degrees C, OMs of pathogenic biogroups were resistant to EDTA and polycations and OMs of environmental strains were resistant to EDTA whereas E. coli OMs were sensitive to both EDTA and polycations. Similar results were found when testing deoxycholate sensitivity after polycation exposure or when isogenic pairs with or without virulence plasmid pYV were compared. With bacteria grown without Ca++ available, OM permeability to NPN was drastically increased in pathogenic but not in environmental strains or E. coli. Under these conditions, OMs of pYV+ and pYV- cells showed small differences in NPN permeability but differences in polycation sensitivity could not be detected by fluorimetry. O:1,6 (environmental type) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not O:3 or O:8 LPS, was markedly rough at 37 degrees C, and this could explain the differences in polycation sensitivity. LPSs from serotypes O:3 and O:8 grown at 37 degrees C were more permeable to NPN than O:1,6 LPS, and O:8 LPS was resistant to polycation-induced permeabilization. These data suggest that LPSs relate to some but not all the OM differences described. It is hypothesized that the different OM properties of environmental and pathogenic biogroups reflect the adaptation of the latter biogroups to pathogenicity.
Regeneration Theory and Experiment* (1934)

A comprehensive criterion for the stability of linear feed-back circuits has recently been formulated by H. Nyquist, in terms of the transfer factor around the feed-back loop. The importance of any such general criterion lends interest to an experimental verification, with which the paper is primarily concerned. The subject is dealt with under five principal headings. The first section reviews some of the criteria for oscillation to be found in the literature of vacuum tube oscillators. The second describes the derivation of Nyquist's criterion somewhat along the lines followed by Routh in one of his investigations of the stability of dynamical systems. The third part deals with two experimental methods used in measuring the transfer factor. The fourth is concerned with the particular amplifier circuit used in the test of Nyquist's criterion. The last section applies the criterion to a nonlinear case, and to circuits including two-terminal negative impedance elements.
Energy distribution of emitted electrons from electroformed MIM structures: the carbon island model (1992)

Abstract The electrons emitted from an electroformed metal island metal (MIM) device have a broad energy distribution with an FWHM of more than 2eV. The emission is thermionic from potentials somewhere between the electrodes. Islands, as detected by potentiography in an STM, are assumed to be the emitting spots. This model is able to describe all features of electron and photon emission, as well as electrical properties of electroformed MIM devices. It involves hot electrons in the lattice of small carbon islands embedded between carbon electrodes.