gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Beyond Extracellular Calcium Homeostasis: Conception, Development, Adult Physiology, and Disease (2011)

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is the first identified G protein-coupled receptor to be activated by an ion, extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). Since the identification of the CaSR in 1993, genetic mutations in the CaSR gene, and murine models in which CaSR expression has been manipulated, have clearly demonstrated the importance of this receptor in the maintenance of stable, free, ionized Ca(2+) concentration in the extracellular fluids. These functions have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. However, the distribution pattern and expression of the CaSR in lower vertebrates strongly suggest that the CaSR must play a role that is independent of mineral cation metabolism. This review addresses the involvement of the CaSR in nutrient sensing; its putative and demonstrated functions during conception, embryonic development, and birth; and its contributions to adult physiology and disease, with reference to CaSR-based therapeutics. Recent ongoing developments concerning the role of the CaSR in stem cell differentiation are also reviewed.
Time-reversal imaging with multiple signal classification considering multiple scattering between the targets (2004)

The time-reversal imaging with multiple signal classification method for the location of point targets developed within the framework of the Born approximation in Lehman and Devaney [“Transmission mode time-reversal super-resolution imaging,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2742–2753 (2003)] is generalized to incorporate multiple scattering between the targets. It is shown how the same method can be used in the location of point targets even if there is multiple scattering between them. On the other hand, both the conventional images and the calculated values of the target scattering amplitudes are scattering model-dependent.
Transport and streets (2011)

Find out about modes of transport in the borough, including public transport, cycling, walking and driving. Learn about parking regulations and find out how you can report problems with streets and structures.
Industrial BIST of embedded RAMs (1995)

High-quality memory testing is increasingly important, especially when RAMs and ROMs are deeply embedded in bigger systems, as the techniques based on control and observation points fail. Adopting a built-in self-test scheme for deeply embedded memories seems advantageous and industrial experience at Italtel, a telecom company, confirms it. The scheme implements in hardware the test pattern generation algorithm proposed by R. Nair, S.M. Thatte, and J.A. Abraham \cite{NTAb78}, extending it to word-based memories. Area overhead, performance degradation, additional pins, and test time are minimal, whereas we guarantee high fault coverage for the significant failure modes and full testability of the BIST hardware, as the experimental results confirm.
Opening up telecom networks with a lightweight web element service cloud for ordinary users in the web 2.0 era (2014)

Service creation by ordinary users without technical know-how has become increasingly popular in the Web 2.0 era. There is a growing need for ordinary Web 2.0 users to embed telecom services into their existing web applications such as blog, wiki, or online shops' homepages without conventional programming. However, the current open APIs, SDK, and graphical service creation environment technologies are mainly aimed at experienced developers with professional technical knowledge, rather than ordinary Web 2.0 users. To facilitate the latter's use of telecom network services in their web applications, this article proposes a novel web-element-based exposure approach for such services. It encapsulates lowlevel APIs in a series of customised independent web elements, which can be directly embedded in the web page by the Customization-Copy-Paste feature. The flexible invocation of telecom services by ordinary Web 2.0 users will greatly promote web-based telecommunication applications.
Concurrent HPLC Analyses of Carbohydrate Distribution and 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-Furaldehyde Using Robotics (1987)

A laboratory robot is programmed to conduct concurrently two separate liquid chromatographic (LC) analyses of starch hydrolyzates to determine carbohydrate composition and trace 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde in corn syrups. For flexibility, some samples are analyzed using one sample preparation step for both analyses, and other samples can be prepared using separate, or a combination of the two, sample preparation techniques. In addition, samples are processed for either one of the analyses or both in combination.
Delignification by oxygen in acetone-water media (1989)

On presente une approche originale de la delignification de copeaux de feuillus ou de resineux en milieu acetone-eau, sans addition de bases ni le bois en ses constituants de base sans pollution appreciable
Esters from branched-chain acids and neopentylpolyols and phenols as base fluids for synthetic lubricants (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsters from branched-chain acids and neopentylpolyols and phenols as base fluids for synthetic lubricantsTai S. Chao, Manley Kjonaas, and James DeJovineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 357–362Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300010a037https://doi.org/10.1021/i300010a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Introduction to Remote Sensing (2020)

Remote sensing is the science, technology, and art of collecting information of an object or phenomenon without being in direct physical contact with it. Modern remote sensing for Earth observation has evolved from early photography techniques, which collected imagery using ornithopters, balloons, kites, pigeons, and gliders. Compared with satellite remote sensing, aerial acquisition offers the flexibility of being fitted with a wide range of sensors such as multispectral, hyperspectral/thermal, lidar and other survey sensors. Unmanned Aerial vehicles, also known as Unmanned Aerial Systems or simply drones, are an airborne remote sensing system or an aircraft operated remotely by a human operator or autonomously by an onboard computer. A lidar system has three major hardware components: a laser scanner sending laser signals, Global Positioning System measuring the location of the aircraft, and Inertial Navigation System measuring the pitch, roll, and yaw of the lidar system.
Cerium(IV) oxidation of organic compounds. III. Preparation of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde from cyclopropanemethanol (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCerium(IV) oxidation of organic compounds. III. Preparation of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde from cyclopropanemethanolLewis Brewster Young and Walter S. TrahanovskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 7, 2349–2350Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01282a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01282a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyclic dipeptide oxidase from S<i>treptomyces noursei</i> (2001)

Cyclic dipeptide oxidase is a novel enzyme that specifically catalyzes the formation of α,β‐dehydro‐Phe (ΔPhe) and α,β‐dehydro‐Leu (ΔLeu) residues during the biosynthesis of albonoursin, cyclo(ΔPhe‐ΔLeu), an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces noursei . It was purified 600‐fold with a 30% overall recovery, and consists of the association of a single type of subunit with a relative molecular mass of 21 066 resulting in a large homopolymer of relative molecular mass over 2 000 000. The enzyme exhibits a typical flavoprotein spectrum with maxima at 343.5 and 447.5 nm, the flavin prosthetic group being covalently bound to the protein. The catalytic reaction of the natural substrate cyclo( l ‐Phe‐ l ‐Leu) occurs in a two‐step sequential reaction leading first to cyclo(α,β‐dehydro‐Phe‐ l ‐Leu) and finally to albonoursin. Kinetic parameters for the first step were determined ( K m = 53 µ m ; k = 0.69 s −1 ). The enzyme was shown to catalyze the conversion of a variety of cyclo(dipeptides) and can be reoxidized at the expense of molecular oxygen by producing H 2 O 2 . This reaction mechanism, which differs from those already described for the formation of α,β‐dehydro‐amino acids, might consist of the transient formation of an intermediate imine followed by its rearrangement into an α,β‐dehydro‐residue.
Can transrectal needle biopsy be optimised to detect nearly all prostate cancer with a volume of ≥0.5 mL? A three‐dimensional analysis (2013)

Our 3D-prostate cancer model analysis suggests that nearly all prostate cancers with a TV of ≥0.5 mL can be detected by 14-18 transrectal needle-biopsy cores. Using longer biopsy cutting lengths and increasing the depth and number of ADBx cores (including TZ) according to prostate volume are necessary as well.
Millimetre-wave (39 GHz) fibre-wireless transmissionof broadband multichannel compressed digital video (1996)

The advantages of a millimetre-wave fibre link in a broadband fibre-wireless system architecture are described. Multichannel digital video has been successfully transmitted over a 39 GHz fibre-wireless link.
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization from Inhibited Solutions (1973)

Abstract The induction periods of calcium oxalate precipitation at high supersaturations were measured and the degrees of inhibition in the presence of different trace quantities of polyphosphates were determined. Crystals were grown from uninhibited and from partially inhibited solutions. The presence of both polyphosphates and of cationic impurities affects the crystal habit very strongly: rod‐like crystals up to 3 mm in length grew from inhibited solutions in a week, whereas very small round particles of 10 −2 mm size sprang from the uninhibited solutions. Some previously published mechanisms are reviewed, and a new, comprehensive, heterogeneous nucleation mechanism of growth is proposed to explain the simultaneous inhibition of precipitation and inducement to growth of large crystals.
Feasibility of strategic alliance as an entry strategy into markets dominated by major competitors (2000)

Although the benefits of strategic alliances are well documented, whether strategic alliances can be a viable entry strategy option for small and medium‐size enterprises (SMEs) to successfully penetrate markets held by major incumbent suppliers is less clear. In this paper, strategic alliances are shown to be an effective entry‐cum‐deterrence strategy for SMEs to successfully penetrate markets that are well established and dominated by major corporations. In addition, the conditions under which SMEs can use strategic alliances as an entry strategy without restricting themselves to target only those markets ignored by bigger firms are identified. In terms of methodology, this paper follows a deductive approach – one based on game theory, to examine explicitly the reactions of bigger firms to the entry of SMEs into their markets, specifically taking into account the resource limitations faced by SMEs. To verify that the theoretical arguments presented are consistent with practice, two cases of the use of strategic alliances by SMEs as an entry strategy to penetrate markets dominated by major corporations are examined. The practices and experiences of these SMEs were found to be consistent with the theoretical arguments presented here.
Ionization degrees and critical micelle concentrations of hexadecyltrimethylammonium and tetradecyltrimethylammonium micelles with different counterions (1985)

Ionization degrees (α) of micelles of hexadecyltrimethylammonium (CTAX) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TTAX) (X = OH-, Br-, Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, and CO3 2-) were measured by a modified free electrophoresis method and by Evan's method. Cmc values for the CTAX and TTAX surfactants were also measured. Whenever possible the α and cmc values thus obtained were compared with those reported in the literature. © 1985 American Chemical Society.
Generating Origin–Destination Matrices from Mobile Phone Trajectories (2010)

This paper presents a method for generating origin–destination (O-D) matrices with the use of floating phone data, that is, data generated from mobile phones moving through a study area. Mobile phone signals recorded in the cellular phone network are used to derive time–space trajectories of moving mobile phone devices. The start and end points of each trajectory determine the origin and destination zone. Link counts are used to project the sample of mobile phone movements to the broader movement of cars, trucks, and rail passengers. With results of a clustering process of traffic counts, O-D matrices for typical traffic days are computed. The resulting O-D matrices can be used for a long-term traffic state forecast.
Experimental Studies of Arc Motion Between Two Parallel Runners with Splitter Plates (2020)

In this paper, we present an experimental study in a simpliﬁed arc chamber geometry of Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker (LVCB). The inﬂuence of vent aperture on arc motion and the inﬂuence of splitter plates on arc voltage drop and arc motion are studied. The arc chamber is composed by two parallel arc runners and following the conﬁguration chosen by one or two splitter plates. The experimental setup is completed by a generator (capacitor bench with triggered switch), a high-speed camera and electrical measurements. The arc ignition, arc displacement, arc splitting and arc re-strike have been observed. The results will be described and discussed for diﬀerent experimental conﬁgurations.
Cutting Edge: Reactive Oxygen Species Inhibitors Block Priming, but Not Activation, of the NLRP3 Inflammasome (2011)

A common denominator among the multiple damage-inducing agents that ultimately lead to activation of NLRP3 has not yet been identified. Recently, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested to act as a common event upstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Because de novo translation of NLRP3 is an essential step in the activation of NLRP3, we investigated the role of substances that inhibit either ROS production or its oxidative activity. Although we observe that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unique among other known inflammasomes in its sensitivity to ROS inhibition, we have found that this phenomenon is attributable to the fact that NLRP3 strictly requires priming by a proinflammatory signal, a step that is blocked by ROS inhibitors. Although these data do not exclude a general role for ROS production in the process of NLRP3-triggered inflammation, they would put ROS upstream of NLRP3 induction, but not activation.
An Asymmetric Capsule Vehicle Geometry Study for CEV (2007)

An asymmetric heatshield configuration named Asymmetric Capsule Vehicle, intended for use as the basis for an atmospheric entry, is introduced. The aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic behavior of this new class of heatshield geometries is examined in the supersonic and hypersonic flow regimes using both high-fidelity and engineering analysis techniques, and compared to the performance of heatshields derived from the asymmetric Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE) and the symmetric Apollo configurations. The geometry of this new class of heatshield is described analytically and involves a small set of parameters suitable for inclusion in an optimization process. Two particular optimized configurations, the ACVOpt and ACVeOpt2 heatshield shapes, prove to have ‐ (1) higher L/D aerodynamic performance, and (2) lower convective and radiative heating compared to the Apollo-derived symmetric shape. These configurations also do not have the supersonic trim stability issue found to occur with the asymmetric AFE-derived shape.
An N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive cytosolic factor necessary for nuclear protein import: requirement in signal-mediated binding to the nuclear pore. (1990)

We described previously an assay for authentic nuclear protein import in vitro. In this assay, exogenous nuclei are placed in an extract of Xenopus eggs; a rhodamine-labeled protein possessing a nuclear localization signal is added, and fluorescence microscopy is used to measure nuclear uptake. The requirement in this system for a cytosolic extract suggests that nuclear import is dependent on at least one cytosolic factor. We now confirm this hypothesis. Treatment of the cytosol with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) abolishes nuclear protein import; readdition of a cytosolic fraction to the NEM-inactivated extract rescues transport. Thus, at least one NEM-sensitive factor required for transport is supplied by the cytosol. This activity, called nuclear import factor-1, or NIF-1, is ammonium-sulfate-precipitable, protease-sensitive, and heat-labile; it is therefore at least partly proteinaceous. NIF-1 stimulates, in a concentration-dependent manner, the rate at which individual nuclei accumulate protein. The effect of NIF-1 is enhanced by a second cytosolic NEM-sensitive factor, NIF-2. Earlier we identified two steps in the nuclear import reaction: (a) ATP-independent binding of a signal-sequence-bearing protein to the nuclear pore; and (b) ATP-dependent translocation of that protein through the pore. We now show that NEM inhibits signal-mediated binding, and that readdition of NIF-1 restores binding. Thus, NIF-1 is required for at least the binding step and does not require ATP for its activity. NIF-1 may act as a cytoplasmic signal receptor that escorts signal-bearing proteins to the pore, or may instead promote signal-mediated binding to the pore in another manner, as discussed.
A relationship between spline-based deformable models and weighted graphs in non-rigid matching (2005)

Deformable models are central to non-rigid motion analysis, shape matching and non-rigid medical image registration. Spline-based deformations are a very popular class of parameterizations of deformable models and have been heavily used in multiple domains. In a somewhat separate sub-field, weighted graphs are a frequently used object parameterization. Graph matching using weighted graph object parameterizations finds application in a spectrum ranging from rigid pose estimation to deformable object recognition. Here, we demonstrate a hitherto unsuspected relationship between spline-based deformable models and weighted graphs. It turns out that spline parameterizations in the kernel representation can be used to construct equivalent weighted graphs. With this connection established, we envision a cross-fertilization between these two seemingly disparate sub-fields of computer vision.
Influence of deposition temperature on giant magnetoresistance of Fe/Cr multilayers (1993)

The giant magnetoresistance effect ΔR/R in magnetron-sputter deposited Fe/Cr multilayers is shown to depend strongly on deposition temperature. The largest values of ΔR and magnetoresistance are found in structures deposited at ≂125 °C. Structures deposited at lower (≂30 °C) or higher (≂200 °C) temperatures exhibit lower ΔR and ΔR/R values. Low angle x-ray reflectivity and rocking curve data show that all the structures have well defined layers. However the largest giant MR values are found in structures which have the lowest high field resistivities, R, the longest structural coherence lengths and the narrowest (110) rocking curve widths. These results suggest that more perfect structures have intrinsically higher giant magnetoresistance.
SelFlow: Self-Supervised Learning of Optical Flow (2019)

We present a self-supervised learning approach for optical flow. Our method distills reliable flow estimations from non-occluded pixels, and uses these predictions as ground truth to learn optical flow for hallucinated occlusions. We further design a simple CNN to utilize temporal information from multiple frames for better flow estimation. These two principles lead to an approach that yields the best performance for unsupervised optical flow learning on the challenging benchmarks including MPI Sintel, KITTI 2012 and 2015. More notably, our self-supervised pre-trained model provides an excellent initialization for supervised fine-tuning. Our fine-tuned models achieve state-of-the-art results on all three datasets. At the time of writing, we achieve EPE=4.26 on the Sintel benchmark, outperforming all submitted methods.
Evolution of opsins and phototransduction (2009)

Opsins are the universal photoreceptor molecules of all visual systems in the animal kingdom. They can change their conformation from a resting state to a signalling state upon light absorption, which activates the G protein, thereby resulting in a signalling cascade that produces physiological responses. This process of capturing a photon and transforming it into a physiological response is known as phototransduction. Recent cloning techniques have revealed the rich and diverse nature of these molecules, found in organisms ranging from jellyfish to humans, functioning in visual and non-visual phototransduction systems and photoisomerases. Here we describe the diversity of these proteins and their role in phototransduction. Then we explore the molecular properties of opsins, by analysing site-directed mutants, strategically designed by phylogenetic comparison. This site-directed mutant approach led us to identify many key features in the evolution of the photoreceptor molecules. In particular, we will discuss the evolution of the counterion, the reduction of agonist binding to the receptor, and the molecular properties that characterize rod opsins apart from cone opsins. We will show how the advances in molecular biology and biophysics have given us insights into how evolution works at the molecular level.