gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human neutrophils increase expression of C3bi as well as C3b receptors upon activation. (1984)

We used monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to study the expression of the receptors for the complement fragments C3bi (CR3) and C3b (CR1) on human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN). Expression of both receptors was minimal on cells stained in anticoagulated whole blood incubated at 0 degree or 37 degrees C. PMN isolated with Percoll density gradients and held at 0 degree C also had only minimal expression of both receptors. With the isolated cells, however, a spontaneous increase in expression of both receptors occurred upon warming to 37 degrees C. This did not represent complete expression of either receptor since additional increments in surface expression could be induced upon stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or Raji cell supernatant. The increases in complement receptor (CR) expression appeared to be specific since there were no changes in expression of the Fc gamma receptor or beta-2-microglobulin under any of these conditions. The increased CR expression seems to involve translocation from an intracellular pool since it is complete within minutes and is not blocked by puromycin or cycloheximide. These results demonstrate that both CR3 and CR1 expression increase rapidly upon activation of PMN and that isolated cells can be used to study this phenomenon, which may be a critical part of neutrophil function in vivo.
Recent Advances in Amelogenin Biochemistry (1995)

This paper reviews advances in amelogenin biochemistry in three areas; (i) amelogenin expression; (ii) amelogenin post-translational and post-secretory processing, and (iii) amelogenin structure and function. Recent studies of amelogenin expression have demonstrated that alternative-splicing of mouse amelogenin RNA generates seven distinct mRNAs, coding for amelogenin proteins from 194 to 44 amino acid residues in length. A polyclonal antibody to a sequence of the 194-residue murine amelogenin identified this protein in vivo. While several studies have reported that amelogenins are post-translationally phosphorylated, it has proved difficult to confirm this view. Mass spectrometry studies of bovine and porcine TRAP and LRAP amelogenins have established a phosphoserine residue at position-16 as originally reported by Takagi et al. for a 180-residue bovine amelogenin. Also, we discovered that the detailed mechanism(s) of carboxy-terminal amelogenin proteolytic processing appear different than previously reported. In terms of amelogenin structure, it is well known that amelogenins form aggregated structures. Studies employing a recombinant amelogenin and dynamic light-scattering instrumentation demonstrated aggregate structures of 15-20 nm in radius, corresponding to a mass of 2-3 million daltons. Imaging these aggregates by transmission electron and atomic force microscopy suggested that these structures are equivalent to the "stippled" or "granular" material seen in electron photomicrographs of developing enamel. Collectively, these advances in amelogenin biochemistry lead to a new view of amelogenin structure, processing and functions in enamel biomineralization.
A proposal on content information management for multimedia service navigation system (2002)

In the future, end-users will access various multimedia services over a broadband telecommunications network. End-users need a service broker function, called service navigation, to find services and to access them. The service navigation function requires a service menu scenario with flexible content selection strategies for various user needs and a mechanism to update content and menu information easily and timely. This paper proposes a content information management model satisfying the above requirements. In most menu-based navigation system, navigation information is only used to control menu behaviors. Therefore its scheme is optimized for each menu. This approach is not suitable for prescribed requirements. In this model, content information is divided into navigation parameters, menu object and navigation scenario. Navigation parameters are content and service information. Its scheme is independent of menu structure. A menu object is composed of some elements of navigation parameters and media data. A scenario is a menu behavior and represents content selection strategies. Our approach allows an end-user to chose several strategies for selecting a content from a menu, and a menu designer to reuse the consistent navigation information and reconfiguring mechanism of menu objects.
The demand for life insurance in a developing country and the mediating role of persuasion (2021)

This study examines the demand for life insurance in a rapidly developing economic environment in South East Asia, focusing on Malaysia. The study extends the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) by introducing a mediating variable 'Persuasion' in examining the demand for life insurance among policy buyers. Fuelled by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the life insurance market is expected to grow significantly and the role of the state and regulatory body to regulate this process would be pivotal. Given the increasing significance of this industry both before and after the epidemic, this study identifies seven research variables from previous literature sources related to finance and international insurance, including financial literacy, saving motives, religiosity, risk aversion, agent, persuasion and purchase intention of life insurance. A causal research design is used to formulate research framework and testable hypotheses for this study. Data collection encompasses face to face interviews with 385 life insurance policy holders between May 2019 and March 2020 by using a survey
Survey of electromagnetic accelerators for space propulsion (1966)

A survey of the experimental status of electromagnetic or plasma accelerators is presented.This survey is limited to the major programs of recent years on plasma accelerators for spacecraft propulsion and does not cover the purely research activities in plasma physics.At present plasma accelerators are at the stage of demonstrating feasibility collecting performance data and investigating the problems of operation.A broad approach covering a wide range of input power requirements and types of accelerators is being pursued.minimum electrode areas, and short interaction lengths.There is, however, a definite tendency towards devices using coaxial geometry, V
Distraction Epiphysiolysis as a Method of Limb Lengthening (1981)

Distraction epiphysiolysis as a means of lengthening bone has been studied in sheep tibiae by histologic, histochemical and microradiographic and electron microscopic methods. The tibiae have been studied 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and 2, 4, 6 and 12 months after the induction of this procedure. Distraction epiphysiolysis occurs in the following stages: development of a fracture along a line dividing the maturing from the hypertrophic chondrocytes, with the formation of a hematoma between the fracture surfaces; downward displacement of the metaphyseal cartilaginous fragment and gradual resorption of the hematoma, which is replaced by fibrous tissue; elongation of the fibrous tissue; with the formation of collagen bundles oriented parallel to the tensile force of distraction; calcification and ossification of these bundles, with the formation of longitudinal and parallel bone trabeculae; development of periosteal bone, which becomes a new diaphyseal shaft. The results show that distraction epiphysiolysis actually lengthens the bone segments; bone structure is completely restored, without serious changes occurring in the soft tissues. Restoration of endochondral ossification in the epiphysis tends to be unpredictable, however, so that the procedure is reliable only in subjects that have almost reached skeletal maturity.
Role of Stromelysin 1 and Gelatinase B in Experimental Acute Lung Injury (2001)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated locally in sites of inflammation, including the lung. Several MMP activities are upregulated in acute lung injury models but the exact role that these MMPs play in the development of the lung injury is unclear due to the absence of specific inhibitors. To determine the involvement of individual MMPs in the development of lung injury, mice genetically deficient in gelatinase B (MMP-9) and stromelysin 1 (MMP-3) were acutely injured with immunoglobulin G immune complexes and the intensity of the lung injury was compared with genetically identical wild-type (WT) mice with normal MMP activities. In the WT mice there was upregulation of gelatinase B and stromelysin 1 in the injured lungs which, as expected, was absent in the genetically deficient gelatinase B- and stromelysin 1-deficient mice, respectively. In the deficient mice there was little in the way of compensatory upregulation of other MMPs. The gelatinase B- and the stromelysin 1-deficient mice had less severe lung injury than did the WT controls, suggesting that both MMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of the lung injury. Further, the mechanism of their involvement in the lung injury appears to be different, with the stromelysin 1-deficient mice having a reduction in the numbers of neutrophils recruited into the lung whereas the gelatinase B-deficient mice had the same numbers of lung neutrophils as did the injured WT controls. These studies indicate, first, that both gelatinase B and stromelysin 1 are involved in the development of experimental acute lung injury, and second, that the mechanisms by which these individual MMPs function appear to differ.
Mechanisms and Functions of Vitamin D (2009)

The vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, functions by way of a nuclear receptor (vitamin D receptor [VDR]) in a manner analogous to the other members of the steroid-thyroid hormone superfamily. Although the vitamin D receptor has been cloned, its three-dimensional structure remains unknown. The VDR binds to the direct repeat response elements called DR-3 in the promoter region of target genes to stimulate or suppress transcription of those genes encoding for proteins that carry out a wide variety of functions. The binding of the VDR to a DR-3 requires the presence of its ligand and a companion protein, namely the RXR group of retinoid receptors. The RXR binds to the 5' arm of the response element while the VDR binds to the 3' arm. In addition, the transcription factor TFIIB has been shown to bind VDR but there is currently no evidence that a co-repressor or co-activator of VDR is also involved. Phosphorylation of VDR in the transcription complex occurs as does bending of the DNA prior to the initiation or suppression of transcription. As VDR has been detected in cells not previously thought to be target organs, scientists continue to discover new functions of vitamin D. Among these new functions are those noted in the immune system. Experiments in mice have illustrated that the autoimmune diseases of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis can be successfully treated with the vitamin D hormone and its analogs. New experiments illustrating the use of the vitamin D hormone and its analogs in suppressing transplant rejection indicate that these compounds may be superior to cyclosporin and may not have the side effects attributed to the cyclosporin immunosuppression therapies.
Increased concentrations of cathepsin D in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis (2001)

To assess the release of the proteolytic enzyme cathepsin D in endometriosis, concentrations in peritoneal fluid and serum were measured by ELISA in 54 women with (n = 33) and without (n = 21) endometriosis. Surgery was scheduled in either the proliferative or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The concentrations of cathepsin D in the peritoneal fluid were markedly elevated in the endometriosis patients (median 58 ng/ml, interquartile range 0-166 ng/ml) as compared to the controls (5 ng/ml, 0-86 ng/ml), especially in women with late stage disease (n = 19, stages III/IV) and in those not undergoing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy (n = 15). No significant difference was determined in cathepsin D concentrations of the serum from women with and without endometriosis. We conclude that cathepsin D is an important factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, possibly by promoting digestion of extracellular matrix proteins. These results have implications for the therapeutic efficacy of GnRH agonists.
CYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF β-GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY IN BLOOD AND BONE MARROW CELLS (1967)

A method for the cytochemical demonstration of β-glucuronidase activity in blood and bone marrow is described using naphthol AS-BI-β-d-glucosiduronic acid as substrate and hexazotized pararosanilin as coupling reagent. β-Glucuronidase was found to be present in most of the cells of blood and marrow. The reaction was strongly positive in macrophages, monocytes, plasma cells and some of the lymphocytes. It was moderately positive in granulocytes and thrombocytes and weakly positive in cells of the erythroid series. β-Glucuronidase is known to be a lysosomal enzyme, but certain discrepancies exist between the content of this enzyme and the number of lysosomal structures as seen electron microscopically. It appears that not all of the lysosomes contain β-glucuronidase and that sites of β-glucuronidase other than lysosomal exist in certain cell lines, i.e., the lymphocytes and the plasma cells. For this reason, it is suggested that cytochemical investigations of lysosomes should always include the simultaneous demonstration of different lysosomal hydrolases.
The Glasgow Coma Scale: do it and do it right. (1992)

Monitoring of GCS parameters is an essential part of the initial and ongoing assessment of patients with trauma. It is important that health care professionals recognize the limitations of the GCS and consistently and correctly apply the scoring criteria when assessing patients.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Second (G-2) and Third (G-3) Generation Dendritic Polybutadienes (2006)

A series of well-defined second (G-2) and third (G-3) generation dendritic polybutadienes (PBd) were synthesized by the coupling of the living G-2 and G-3 dendrons with methyltrichlorosilane, using anionic polymerization high-vacuum techniques. The synthetic approach of the living G-2 dendrons involves (a) the synthesis of an in-chain double-bond PBd by selective replacement of the two chlorines of 4-(dichloromethylsilyl)diphenylethylene (DCMSDPE), a novel linking reagent with dual functionality, with PBd by titration with PBdLi, (b) addition of s-BuLi to the double bond, and finally (c) polymerization of butadiene from the newly created anionic site. The synthesis of the G-3 dendrons requires the repetition of the aforementioned procedure with the exception of the addition of the living G-2 dendron, instead of PBdLi, to DCMSDPE. Intermediate and final products were characterized via size exclusion chromatography, membrane osmometry, size exclusion chromatography equipped with a two-angle laser light scattering detector, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The combined characterization results indicate that the dendritic PBds synthesized have high molecular and structural homogeneity.
A floating-point A/D converter uses low resolution DAC to get wide dynamic range (1988)

Abstract This paper describes the use of non-uniform quantizing step to realize a floating-point analogue-to-digital converter. This enables achieving wider dynamic range while using low resolution components. Main advantages of this realization are low cost, reduced hardware and better performance in terms of signal to quantizing error ratio. The main hardware components used are low resolution analogue-to-digital converter and programmable gain amplifier along with some logic elements. The algorithm can be easily implemented through software in a microprocessor-based system leading to further hardware saving.
Nature designs tough collagen: Explaining the nanostructure of collagen fibrils (2006)

Collagen is a protein material with superior mechanical properties. It consists of collagen fibrils composed of a staggered array of ultra-long tropocollagen (TC) molecules. Theoretical and molecular modeling suggests that this natural design of collagen fibrils maximizes the strength and provides large energy dissipation during deformation, thus creating a tough and robust material. We find that the mechanics of collagen fibrils can be understood quantitatively in terms of two critical molecular length scales chi(S) and chi(R) that characterize when (i) deformation changes from homogeneous intermolecular shear to propagation of slip pulses and when (ii) covalent bonds within TC molecules begin to fracture, leading to brittle-like failure. The ratio chi(S)/chi(R) indicates which mechanism dominates deformation. Our modeling rigorously links the chemical properties of individual TC molecules to the macroscopic mechanical response of fibrils. The results help to explain why collagen fibers found in nature consist of TC molecules with lengths in the proximity of 300 nm and advance the understanding how collagen diseases that change intermolecular adhesion properties influence mechanical properties.
The Open Runtime Platform: a flexible high‐performance managed runtime environment (2005)

Abstract The Open Runtime Platform (ORP) is a high‐performance managed runtime environment (MRTE) that features exact generational garbage collection, fast thread synchronization, and multiple coexisting just‐in‐time compilers (JITs). ORP was designed for flexibility in order to support experiments in dynamic compilation, garbage collection, synchronization, and other technologies. It can be built to run either Java or Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) applications, to run under the Windows or Linux operating systems, and to run on the IA‐32 or Itanium processor family (IPF) architectures. Achieving high performance in a MRTE presents many challenges, particularly when flexibility is a major goal. First, to enable the use of different garbage collectors and JITs, each component must be isolated from the rest of the environment through a well‐defined software interface. Without careful attention, this isolation could easily harm performance. Second, MRTEs have correctness and safety requirements that traditional languages such as C++ lack. These requirements, including null pointer checks, array bounds checks, and type checks, impose additional runtime overhead. Finally, the dynamic nature of MRTEs makes some traditional compiler optimizations, such as devirtualization of method calls, more difficult to implement or more limited in applicability. To get full performance, JITs and the core virtual machine (VM) must cooperate to reduce or eliminate (where possible) these MRTE‐specific overheads. In this paper, we describe the structure of ORP in detail, paying particular attention to how it supports flexibility while preserving high performance. We describe the interfaces between the garbage collector, the JIT, and the core VM; how these interfaces enable multiple garbage collectors and JITs without sacrificing performance; and how they allow the JIT and the core VM to reduce or eliminate MRTE‐specific performance issues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Measure for Objective Evaluation of Image Segmentation Algorithms (2006)

Despite significant advances in image segmentation techniques, evaluation of these techniques thus far has been largely subjective. Typically, the effectiveness of a new algorithm is demonstrated only by the presentation of a few segmented images and is otherwise left to subjective evaluation by the reader. Little effort has been spent on the design of perceptually correct measures to compare an automatic segmentation of an image to a set of hand-segmented examples of the same image. This paper demonstrates how a modification of the Rand index, the Normalized Probabilistic Rand (NPR) index, meets the requirements of largescale performance evaluation of image segmentation. We show that the measure has a clear probabilistic interpretation as the maximum likelihood estimator of an underlying Gibbs model, can be correctly normalized to account for the inherent similarity in a set of ground truth images, and can be computed efficiently for large datasets. Results are presented on images from the publicly available Berkeley Segmentation dataset.
Mast cells contain spleen-type prostaglandin D synthetase. (1990)

Prostaglandin D synthetase activity in the cytosol (100,000 x g, 1-h supernatant) fraction of peritoneal mast cells of adult rats (105.0 nmol/min/mg protein) was the highest among such activities in various rat tissues and cells. As judged by the absolute requirement for glutathione for the reaction (Km = 300 microM), the Km value for prostaglandin H2 (200 microM), and insensitivity of the activity to 1 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, the enzyme in mast cells was similar to rat spleen prostaglandin D synthetase and differed from rat brain prostaglandin D synthetase or glutathione S-transferase, all of which catalyze the isomerase reaction from prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2. In immunotitration analyses, the activity in mast cells showed a titration curve exactly identical with that of the purified spleen-type enzyme and almost completely absorbed by an excess amount of antibody against this enzyme, but it remained unchanged after incubation with antibodies against the brain-type enzyme and glutathione S-transferase isozymes thus far purified. In Western blot after two-dimensional electrophoresis of crude extracts of mast cells, a single immunoreactive spot was observed with antibody against the spleen-type enzyme at the same position as that of the purified enzyme (Mr = 26,000, pI = 5.2). Furthermore, the immunoreactive protein obtained from mast cells showed the same peptide fingerprints as those of the purified spleen-type enzyme, after partial digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease or trypsin. In immunoperoxidase staining, the immunoreactivity of the spleen-type enzyme was found in the cytosol of tissue mast cells in various organs such as thymus, intestine, stomach, and skin of adult rats. These findings indicate that prostaglandin D2 is produced by the spleen-type synthetase in mast cells of various tissues.
The Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Adhesion of Copper Deposited on Plastic Substrates (1969)

SummaryPolystyrene is selected as a suitable substrate material for investigating chemical adhesion to electroless copper plating. The choice of surface geometry is discussed. Peel adhesion results are shown for natural, carboxylic and nitro-derived surfaces. Finally it is shown that there exists a difference in the ability of surface groups to provide chemical interaction with the copper plating.
Primary Fermentation with Immobilized Yeast: Some Effects of Carrier Materials on the Flavour of the Beer (2000)

Three carrier materials (porous glass beads, DEAE-cellulose, diatomaceous earth) for immobilized primary fermentation of beer were tested on a 1.6 litre scale. The influence of the carrier materials on flavour compounds in the green beer was analysed. The nature of the carrier affected the concentrations of some flavour compounds in a yeast strain specific manner. The findings suggest that the most appropriate material for immobilized primary fermentation of beer depends on the yeast strain used and the beer characteristics desired.