gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intraligand Electron Delocalization, Steric Tuning, and Excited-State Vibronic Coupling on the Photophysics of Aryl-Substituted Bipyridyl Complexes of Ru(II) (1997)

The synthesis and photophysical characterization of a series of aryl-substituted 2,2‘-bipyridyl complexes of RuII are reported. The static and time-resolved emission properties of [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2, where dpb is 4,4‘-diphenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine, have been examined and are contrasted with those of [Ru(dmb)3](PF6)2 (dmb = 4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bipyridine). It is shown through analysis of electrochemical data and detailed fitting of the emission spectrum that the unusually large radiative quantum yield for [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 in CH3CN solution at room temperature is due to reduction of the degree of geometric distortion along primarily ring-stretch acceptor mode coordinates relative to other molecules in this class. It is proposed that the 3MLCT excited state of [Ru(dpb)3]2+ is characterized by a ligand conformation in which the 4,4‘-phenyl substituents are coplanar with the bipyridyl fragment, leading to extended intraligand electron delocalization and a smaller average change in the C−C bond length upon formation of the excited state as compared to [Ru(dmb)3]2+. These conclusions are further supported by photophysical data on several new molecules, [Ru(dptb)3](PF6)2 (dptb = 4,4‘-di-p-tolyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), [Ru(dotb)3](PF6)2 (dotb = 4,4‘-di-o-tolyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), and [Ru(dmesb)3](PF6)2 (dmesb = 4,4‘-dimesityl-2,2‘-bipyridine). The systematic increase in steric bulk provided by this ligand series results in clear trends in kr, knr, and SM (the Huang−Rhys factor), consistent with the delocalization model. In addition, time-resolved resonance Raman data reveal frequency shifts in ring-stretch modes across the series supporting the notion that, as the steric bulk of the ligand increases, the ability for the peripheral phenyl rings to become coplanar with the bipyridyl fragment is hindered. Ab initio calculations employing Hartree−Fock and second-order perturbation theory on neutral and anionic 4-phenylpyridine, put forth as a model for the ground and excited states of [Ru(dpb)3]2+, are also reported. These calculations suggest a canted geometry for the ground state, but a considerable thermodynamic driving force for achieving planarity upon reduction of the ligand. The canted ground-state geometry is also observed in the single-crystal X-ray structure of the mixed-ligand complex [Ru(dmb)2(dpb)](PF6)2. Finally, consideration of how this system evolves from the Franck−Condon state to the planar thermalized 3MLCT state is discussed with regard to the possibility of time-resolving the onset of extended electron delocalization in the excited state by using ultrafast spectroscopy.
Association of BK virus with failure of prophylaxis against hemorrhagic cystitis following bone marrow transplantation. (1995)

Mesna and forced diuresis are equally effective in abrogating the urothelial toxicity of preparative regimens for BMT. Since HC after BMT is virtually always associated with persistent BK viruria, strategies aimed at the prevention or elimination of viruria in BK seropositive recipients are warranted.
N-(β-Aminoethyl)-morpholine as a Reagent for the Characterization of Esters (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-(β-Aminoethyl)-morpholine as a Reagent for the Characterization of EstersR. W. Bost and Leo V. Mullen Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 1967–1968Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
License Plate Location System Using Smart-Phone with G-Sensor (2014)

This paper proposed a system which is using smart phone to develop with a gyroscope sensor license plate location. For another part, it is also designed a flow chart of conditional iteration binarization, FCCIB. The way effectively improves the locating correct rate before the license plate location processing. The problem is that the binarization stage is influenced by environmental factors. That's why the license plate location is not enough to get accurate results. System algorithm applied with gyroscope sensor from phone-built to get the direction angle information of smart phone, and fix images not skewed. So, the meaning is system let the source image in the location system have rotation-invariant. That is not only to solve the non-applicability of rotational invariance of the algorithms, breaking the previous algorithm requires the use of additional, and to calculate the image skew and calibration steps, but also enhance the effectiveness of license plate locating speed. Finally, the experimental results obtained by us can be seen, whether in the license plate location search accuracy rate, or speed of execution on the system, built on the phone plate positioning systems have excellent results obtained by our experimental results can be seen.
Laminar fiber architecture and three-dimensional systolic mechanics in canine ventricular myocardium (1999)

Previous studies suggest that the laminar architecture of left ventricular myocardium may be critical for normal ventricular mechanics. However, systolic three-dimensional deformation of the laminae has never been measured. Therefore, end-systolic finite strains relative to end diastole, from biplane radiography of transmural markers near the apex and base of the anesthetized open-chest canine anterior left ventricular free wall (n = 6), were referred to three-dimensional laminar microstructural axes reconstructed from histology. Whereas fiber shortening was uniform [-0.07 +/- 0.04 (SD)], radial wall thickening increased from base (0. 10 +/- 0.09) to apex (0.14 +/- 0.13). Extension of the laminae transverse to the muscle fibers also increased from base (0.08 +/- 0. 07) to apex (0.11 +/- 0.08), and interlaminar shear changed sign [0. 05 +/- 0.07 (base) and -0.07 +/- 0.09 (apex)], reflecting variations in laminar architecture. Nevertheless, the apex and base were similar in that at each site laminar extension and shear contributed approximately 60 and 40%, respectively, of mean transmural thickening. Kinematic considerations suggest that these dual wall-thickening mechanisms may have distinct ultrastructural origins.
Optical Network Design With Mixed Line Rates and Multiple Modulation Formats (2009)

With the growth of traffic volume and the emergence of various new applications, future telecom networks are expected to be increasingly heterogeneous with respect to applications supported and underlying technologies employed. To address this heterogeneity, it may be most cost effective to set up different lightpaths at different bit rates in such a backbone telecom mesh network employing optical wavelength-division multiplexing. This approach can be cost effective because low-bit-rate services will need less grooming (i.e., less multiplexing with other low-bit-rate services onto high-capacity wavelengths), while a high-bit-rate service can be accommodated directly on a wavelength itself. Optical networks with mixed line rates (MLRs), e.g., 10/40/100 Gb/s over different wavelength channels, are a new networking paradigm. The unregenerated reach of a lightpath depends on its line rate. So, the assignment of a line rate to a lightpath is a tradeoff between its capacity and transparent reach. Thus, based on their signal-quality constraints (threshold bit error rate), intelligent assignment of line rates to lightpaths can minimize the need for signal regeneration. This constraint on the transparent reach based on threshold signal quality can be relaxed by employing more advanced modulation formats, but with more investment. We propose a design method for MLR optical networks with transceivers employing different modulation formats. Our results demonstrate the tradeoff between a transceiver's cost and its optical reach in overall network design.
Aesthetic repair of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (2011)

Objective To investigate the method of aesthetically and functionally repair of the secondary cleft nasal deformity.Methods Sixty- nine cases were operated with open rhinoplasty technique with improved incision.Firstly,detach the bilateral nasal alar cartilage and upper lateral cartilage,then,harvest part of the nasal septal cartilage,correct the nasal septum deviation.Part of the patients harvest ear cartilage.Applicate nasal septal cartilage as columella strut between the medial crura,and strength the affected side nasal alar cartilage with nasal septal cartilage.Nasal alar cartilage,upper lateral cartilage were suspended and sutured to nasal dorsum fascia.Cartilage transplantation with onlay tip graft and shield - shaped graft were applicated to improve the nasal tip projection.Application of cartilage or scar tissue to fill depressions of nasal floor to reconstruct embankment.Results All patients achieved good results or near - good results with good nasal tip shape,symmetrical nostrils.Nasal floor of several patients is far from full.Conclusions The correction of the secondary cleft nasal deformity using cartilage suspended technique,columellar struts,surure techniques,tip grafts is aesthetically improved.

Key words: 
Cartilage; Transplantation; Nose deformities; Rhinoplasty
Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present (2001)

Ongoing debate about proper interpretation of DNA sequence polymorphisms and their ability to reconstruct human population history illustrates a important change in perspective that we have achieved in the past 20 years of population genetics. To what extent does the history of a locus represent the history of a population? Tools originally developed for molecular systematics, where genetic lineages have been separated by speciation events, are routinely applied to the analysis of variation within our species, with conflicting results. Because of automated technologies and linkage analysis, we are poised to harvest a wealth of information about our past, if we are successful in moving beyond a current polarization regarding models of human evolution. Rather than just suggesting that true resolution will only come by considering fossil or archaeological evidence, the realistic and appropriate application of genetic models for analysis of population structure is also necessary. Three examples from different dispersal events are highlighted here.
Attention Based Natural Language Grounding by Navigating Virtual Environment (2019)

In this work, we focus on the problem of grounding language by training an agent to follow a set of natural language instructions and navigate to a target object in an environment. The agent receives visual information through raw pixels and a natural language instruction telling what task needs to be achieved and is trained in an end-to-end way. We develop an attention mechanism for multi-modal fusion of visual and textual modalities that allows the agent to learn to complete the task and achieve language grounding. Our experimental results show that our attention mechanism outperforms the existing multi-modal fusion mechanisms proposed for both 2D and 3D environments in order to solve the above-mentioned task in terms of both speed and accuracy. We show that the learnt textual representations are semantically meaningful as they follow vector arithmetic in the embedding space. The effectiveness of our attention approach over the contemporary fusion mechanisms is also highlighted from the textual embeddings learnt by the different approaches. We also show that our model generalizes effectively to unseen scenarios and exhibit zero-shot generalization capabilities both in 2D and 3D environments. The code for our 2D environment as well as the models that we developed for both 2D and 3D are available at https://github.com/rl-lang-grounding/rl-lang-ground.
57.4: Thin Side‐Lit, Hollow‐Cavity Flat LED Lighting Panel for Ultra‐Uniform LCD Backlight Applications (2008)

Abstract A new and thin, FL 2 P(Flat LED Lighting Panel) with ultra‐high‐uniformity for LCD backlight is presented. It has a hollow‐cavity structure consisting of a pair of LED/collimator units, a slightly curved bottom reflector and a top diffuser, without any planar light guide inside. It has a great advantage of making itself thinner, less weight and lower cost. The LED/collimator unit has a collimating cylindrical lens and a side‐placed RGB LED array. The collimating lens is developed particularly for higher‐coupling efficiency and narrower beam to achieve thinner structure and more excellent uniformity.
Perioperative functional residual capacity (1991)

The literature dealing with the magnitude, mechanism and effects of reduced FRC in the perioperative period is reviewed. During general anaesthesia FRC is reduced by approximately 20%. The reduction is greater in the obese and in patients with COPD. The most likely mechanism is the loss of inspiratory muscle tone of the muscles acting on the rib cage. Gas trapping is an additional mechanism. Lung compliance decreases and airways resistance increases, in large part, due to decreased FRC. The larynx is displaced anteriorly and elongated, making laryngoscopy and intubation more difficult. The change in FRC creates or increases intrapulmonary shunt and areas of low ventilation to perfusion. This is due to the occurrence of compression atelectasis, and to regional changes in mechanics and airway closure which tend to reduce ventilation to dependent lung zones which are still well perfused. Abdominal and thoracic operations tend to increase shunting further. Large tidal volume but not PEEP will improve oxygenation, although both increase FRC. Both FRC and vital capacity are reduced following abdominal and thoracic surgery in a predictable pattern. The mechanism is the combined effect of incisional pain and reflex dysfunction of the diaphragm. Additional effects of thoracic surgery include pleural effusion, cooling of the phrenic nerve and mediastinal widening. Postoperative hypoxaemia is a function of reduced FRC and airway closure. There is no real difference among the various methods of active lung expansion in terms of the speed of restoration of lung function, or in preventing postoperative atelectasis/pneumonia. Epidural analgesia does not influence the rate of recovery of lung function, nor does it prevent atelectasis/pneumonia.
Retrieval of Partial Documents. (1993)

Introduction Provision of answers to informally phrased questions is a central part of information retrieval. These answers traditionally take the form of documents retrieved from a text database, but documents will often be unsatisfactory as answers. They may be large and unwieldy; the answer they represent may be diffuse, and therefore hard for the user to extract; and word-based retrieval systems may be misled by the breadth of vocabulary of a long document into believing it to be relevant. Indexing and returning parts of documents addresses these problems. We have approached the problem of partial documents in two ways. The first approach is to regard documents as an unstructured series of &quot;pages&quot; of text of similar length, each of which can be returned as an answer to a query. We would expect, under this approach, that any bias in the retrieval mechanism towards documents of a particular length should be eliminated. By regarding an answer to be the document from which an answer
Gastric myoelectrical and motor abnormalities in children and adolescents with functional recurrent abdominal pain (2008)

Gastric emptying and antral motility were significantly impaired in patients, indicating a possible role for gastric motility disturbances in the pathogenesis of childhood functional recurrent abdominal pain. Further studies, including therapeutic trials, are needed to confirm this association and for recommendation of prokinetic drugs in its management.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 47) (2015)

Abstract Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since July 2015 are reviewed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outer hair cell length changes in an external electric field. I. The role of intracellular electro-osmotically generated pressure gradients (1995)

Brownell et al. [Science 227, 194-196 (1985)] observed that an isolated, cylindrically shaped cochlear outer hair cell can change its length when an electric field is applied. In their experiments, the cell was fixed at one end, and located between two electrodes which lie on the cell axis but were positioned far from the cell. Kachar et al. [Nature 322, 365-368 (1986)] had suggested that the cell's electrically evoked elongation could be caused by pressure gradients resulting from electro-osmosis of the intracellular fluid. A mathematical model is developed which predicts the length change that would result from electro-osmotically generated pressure gradients inside the cell. Estimated parameter values are included to demonstrate that the pressures generated by electro-osmosis inside the cell would result in elongations that are at least two orders of magnitude below the experimentally measured values.
Requirements for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 in limb ischemia/reperfusion injury and associated lung injury. (1993)

Ischemia in rat hind limbs followed by reperfusion results in local as well as remote organ (lung) injury characterized by increased vascular permeability (125I-labeled bovine serum albumin leakage) and hemorrhage (51Cr-labeled rat erythrocytes extravasation) in skeletal muscle and lung, together with an associated increased tissue content of myeloperoxidase, reflecting neutrophil accumulation. Within 60 minutes of reperfusion following ischemia, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6 plasma levels increased significantly, reaching maximum levels after 2 hours of reperfusion. Polyclonal antibodies to TNF-alpha and IL-1 provided significant protection against vascular injury in both muscle and lung. These results were confirmed by the use of soluble TNF-alpha receptor and IL-1 receptor antagonist. In rat lungs following ischemia and reperfusion, there was immunohistochemical evidence of E-selectin expression in the lung vasculature; this expression was blocked by treatment of animals with anti-TNF-alpha. These data indicate that both local (hind limb) and remote (lung) organ injury after ischemia/reperfusion requires participation of TNF-alpha and IL-1. The cytokines may, in part, be involved in the up-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules.
[Chronic anxiety and phobic disorders with persistent agoraphobia: clinical and follow-up study]. (1999)

There were studied 2 groups of the patients with a diagnosis of agoraphobia (according to ICD = 10). The first group included 34 patients which didn't use a specialized psychiatric service; the second one included 25 patients which needed an active therapy under conditions of psychiatric hospital. Dynamics of a disease was investigated by the method of retrospective (3 years) and following prospective (3 years) evaluation. The first group was characterized by relatively favourable outcome of chronic anxious-phobic disorders (APD) with the phenomena of a stable agoraphobia (5.8% of patients with a decrease of social adaptation): a limited agoraphobic avoidance (2 cases in the average), a rare and only psychogenic exacerbation (23 cases). Comorbid disorders were presented as minor depression (53%), somatophormic disorders (single isolated cardialgias and the conversive disorders--28%), personal disorders of hyperthimic (53%) and hysteric (35.5%) type. The second group was characterised by relatively worse outcome of chronic APD with the phenomena of a stable agoraphobia (32.0% of the patients with a decrease of social adaptation), that was associated with more generalized avoidance behaviour (more than 2 cases), with a gradual increase of both the severity of panic attacks and agoraphobia in limits of either periodic long-term aggravations (46%) or a continuous progredient course (29%). As compared with the 1-st group the second group was also characterised by significantly higher average number in a month of the panic attacks (4.9 + 1.1 vs 2.4 + 0.4; p < 0.01) and hospitalization (2.5 + 0.6 vs 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.1; p < 0.05) during all period of prospective observation. More severe comorbid disorders were revealed: slow-progredient schizophrenia (20% vs 0% in the first group; p < 0.01), a major depressive disorder (28% vs 3%; p < 0.01), dysthymic disorder (32% vs 3%; p < 0.05); personal disorders were presented mostly by the deviations of schizoid type (59%).
Lung lamellar bodies maintain an acidic internal pH. (1986)

The internal pH of lung lamellar bodies was investigated with membrane permeable basic amines. Isolated granular pneumocytes and isolated lung lamellar bodies exhibited fluorescence when exposed to 8 microM quinacrine, suggesting accumulation of this dye due to an acidic internal pH. Uptake of [14C]methylamine by isolated lung lamellar bodies was measured to quantitate the intralamellar body pH. In KCl-ATP (10 mM) medium (pH 7.0), the accumulation ratio of methylamine (inside/outside) during 2-min incubation was 8.1 +/- 0.47 (mean +/- S.E., n = 8) indicating an internal pH of 6.1. Lamellar bodies accumulated methylamine almost 30-fold in K+-free mannitol medium indicating an internal pH of 5.6. The pH gradient across the lamellar body membrane decreased when external pH was decreased or when ATP was omitted. The pH gradient was also decreased by the addition of 10 mM NH4Cl, 2 micrograms/ml nigericin, 0.02 mM N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or 1 mM N'-ethylmaleimide. These observations indicate that lamellar bodies maintain an acidic interior (pH 6.1 or below) which is generated by an energy-dependent process.