gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of folate receptor alpha (FRα) expression in archival tumor and biopsy samples from relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer patients: A phase I expansion study of the FRα-targeting antibody-drug conjugate mirvetuximab soravtansine (2017)

Concordance of FRα expression in biopsy versus archival tumor samples suggests that archival tissue can reliably identify patients with receptor-positive tumors and is appropriate for patient selection in mirvetuximab soravtansine clinical trials. Regardless of the tissue source analyzed, higher FRα expression was associated with greater antitumor activity.
The Essential Oil of the Aerial Parts of<i>Adesmia boronioides</i>Hook.<i>f.</i> (2004)

Abstract The leaves and stems of Adesmia boronioides Hook. f. collected in Patagonia, Argentina, were subjected to hydrodistillation yielding 0.3–1.5% of essential oils according to the season. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents were two novel bisnorsesquiterpenes: esquel-6-en-9-one (19.1%) and esquel-7-en-9-one (12.5%), as well as α-copaen-11-ol (8.5%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (4.6%), 4α-hydroxydihydroagarofuran (3.5%), 1-epi-cubenol (3.5%), and α-pinene (3.0%). The very pleasant sweet-woody, licorice-spicy odor of the oil suggests its potential utility in the fragrance industry.
Respiratory Chain of Plant Mitochondria (1976)

Oxidation of the respiratory chain carriers of anaerobic, CO-saturated skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria, by means of an O(2) pulse, proceeds primarily through the cyanide-insensitive alternate oxidase, since the oxidation of cytochromes a and a(3) takes place with a half-time of 3 seconds, corresponding to the rate of dissociation of CO from reduced cytochrome a(3). Ubiquinone and part of the flavoprotein are oxidized within 1 second under these conditions, and this rapid rate of oxidation is strongly inhibited by m-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid (mCLAM), a specific inhibitor of the alternate oxidase of plant mitochondria. The rate of ubiquinone oxidation under these conditions in white potato (Solanum tuberosum) mitochondria, which have no alternate oxidase, is the same as that in skunk cabbage mitochondria treated with mCLAM. Ubiquinone, thus identified as the carrier common to both the cytochrome and alternate oxidase pathways, is linked to the alternate oxidase by a flavoprotein of midpoint potential 50 millivolts more negative with which it is in equilibrium. This arrangement provides a switch for diverting electron transport primarily through the cytochrome pathway under state 3 conditions and primarily through the alternate oxidase pathway under state 4 conditions.
Optimal Wiener Filter for a Body Mounted Inertial Attitude Sensor (2008)

An optimal attitude estimator is presented for a human body-mounted inertial measurement unit employing orthogonal triads of gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers. The estimator continuously fuses gyroscope and accelerometer measurements together in a manner that minimizes the mean square error in the estimate of the gravity vector, based on known spectral characteristics for the gyroscope noise and the linear acceleration of points on the human body. The gyroscope noise is modelled as a white noise process of power spectral density δ n 2 /2 while the linear acceleration is modelled as the derivative of a band-limited white noise process of power spectral density δ v 2 /2. The estimator is robust to centripetal acceleration and guaranteed to have zero mean error regardless of the motion of the sensor. The mean square angular error in attitude is shown to be independent of the module's angular velocity and equal to 2 1/2 g −1/2 δ n 3/2 δ v 1/2 .
High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging in the substantia nigra of de novo Parkinson disease (2009)

These findings provide evidence that high resolution diffusion tensor imaging in the substantia nigra distinguishes early stage, de novo patients with Parkinson disease (PD) from healthy individuals on a patient by patient basis and has the potential to serve as a noninvasive early biomarker for PD.
A Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of SLeX Analogs (1996)

Described is the preparation and use of tetrasaccharide 1, which enables a rapid and preparative scale synthesis of sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) analogs having 1-O- and 2-N-disubstituted glucosamine (GlcN) moieties. Such modifications should bring a dramatic change of the physical and pharmacological properties of the SLeX analogs. Therefore, tetrasaccharide 1 is a convenient intermediate for the synthesis of various SLeX analogs, since it has convertible 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (SE) glycoside and the free amino group on GlcN moiety. The intermediate 1 was constructed from a glucosamine derivative by a highly efficient combined use of enzymatic galactosylation/sialylation and chemical fucosylation. Thus obtained 1 was converted into SLeX analogs by N-substitution followed by transformation of SE glycoside into other glycosides and deprotection. These synthesized analogs were found to inhibit cell adhesion of HL-60 cells to recombinant soluble human E-selectin.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of boron nitride nanotubes (2003)

We have investigated electronic properties of boron nitride nanotubes using a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operated at 7K. STM images of the tubes reveal hexagonal lattices or stripe patterns, which can be caused by interlayer coupling or scattering of electronic states of the nanotubes. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements indicate that the tubes have band gaps exceeding 4 eV, and reveal van Hove singularities confirming the one‐dimensional nature of electronic states of the nanotubes.
Drainage dynamics of thin liquid foam films containing soft PNiPAM microgels: influence of the cross-linking density and concentration (2016)

We investigate the drainage dynamics of thin liquid foam films containing PNiPAM microgel suspensions with two cross-linking densities (1.5 and 5 mol% BIS) and at two microgel concentrations (0.1 and 1% wt). For this purpose, we use a thin-film pressure balance apparatus that can apply a controlled and sudden hydrostatic pressure on a film, and record the subsequent film thinning as a function of time. Once the film thickness has reached a stationary value, we test the adhesion between the interfaces of the film by reducing the pressure and measuring the angle between the film and the meniscus. This angle increases on reduction of pressure for adhesive films, which resists the separation of their interfaces. Non-adhesive films separate easily, and the meniscus angle stays constant. At a low microgel concentration, the more densely cross-linked microgels (5 mol% BIS) tend to drain into more adhesive films than the more loosely cross-linked particles (1.5 mol% BIS). The adhesion results from particles that bridge the two air-water interfaces of the film and are shared between them. In these cases, the film, which is initially stabilized by a bilayer of microgel particles, rearrange to a state where the microgels bridge the interfaces. These results are discussed and compared with previous studies at a low concentration of microgels, which have shown that emulsions stabilized with densely cross-linked microgels are more adhesive and less resistant to mechanical stresses than those obtained with lower cross-linking densities. In addition, micron-scale depleted zones with no microgels are observed in the films stabilized with the 5 mol% BIS particles, which eventually lead to the rupture of the films. At 1% wt, the films drain slowly, are not adhesive and have the thickness of a bilayer of microgel; while at 0.1% wt, the films have the thickness of a monolayer of microgel, are adhesive and show bridging. From the thin liquid foam film thicknesses we extract a rough estimation of the radii of adsorbed particles in the thick films before applying the pressure. Our results are consistent with particles being adsorbed in a spread conformation for the 0.1% wt sample and in a compressed conformation for the 1% wt sample. In line with previous studies on emulsions, we conclude that a larger surface coverage may reduce rearrangements, thus preventing bridging.
Osteoclast Differentiation Factor Acts as a Multifunctional Regulator in Murine Osteoclast Differentiation and Function (1999)

Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), a novel member of the TNF ligand family, is expressed as a membrane-associated protein by osteoblasts/stromal cells. The soluble form of ODF (sODF) induces the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF. Here, the effects of sODF on the survival, multinucleation, and pit-forming activity of murine osteoclasts were examined in comparison with those of M-CSF and IL-1. Osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) formed in cocultures of murine osteoblasts and bone marrow cells expressed mRNA of RANK (receptor activator of NF-kappaB), a receptor of ODF. The survival of OCLs was enhanced by the addition of each of sODF, M-CSF, and IL-1. sODF, as well as IL-1, activated NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) in OCLs. Like M-CSF and IL-1, sODF stimulated the survival and multinucleation of prefusion osteoclasts (pOCs) isolated from the coculture. When pOCs were cultured on dentine slices, resorption pits were formed on the slices in the presence of either sODF or IL-1 but not in that of M-CSF. A soluble form of RANK as well as osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, a decoy receptor of ODF, blocked OCL formation and prevented the survival, multinucleation, and pit-forming activity of pOCs induced by sODF. These results suggest that ODF regulates not only osteoclast differentiation but also osteoclast function in mice through the receptor RANK.
A thin polymer membrane, nano-suit, enhancing survival across the continuum between air and high vacuum (2013)

Most multicellular organisms can only survive under atmospheric pressure. The reduced pressure of a high vacuum usually leads to rapid dehydration and death. Here we show that a simple surface modification can render multicellular organisms strongly tolerant to high vacuum. Animals that collapsed under high vacuum continued to move following exposure of their natural extracellular surface layer (or that of an artificial coat-like polysorbitan monolaurate) to an electron beam or plasma ionization (i.e., conditions known to enhance polymer formation). Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed the existence of a thin polymerized extra layer on the surface of the animal. The layer acts as a flexible “nano-suit” barrier to the passage of gases and liquids and thus protects the organism. Furthermore, the biocompatible molecule, the component of the nano-suit, was fabricated into a “biomimetic” free-standing membrane. This concept will allow biology-related fields especially to use these membranes for several applications.
Contribution à la valorisation du lactosérum. III. Synthèse de benzoates de lactose et de lactitol (1983)

L'octabenzoate de lactose et le nonabenzoate de lactitol sont obtenus, avec des rendements satisfaisants, en faisant ragir le chlo-. rure de benzoyle avec les sucres en solution aqueuse, en prsence de soude et d'un catalyseur de transfert de phase.
Encapsulation of silica nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization (2008)

Abstract Hybrid silica/polystyrene nanoparticles were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. With the objective to prepare core‐shell hybrid nanoparticles having narrow particle size distributions (PSDs) as well as a high degree of silica encapsulation, the effect of adding surface modifiers, the size of silica nanoparticles, the ratio styrene/silica, the surfactant concentration, and the presence of ethanol in the reaction mixture were studied. A synergistic effect was observed using oleic acid (OA) together with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM) in the compatibilization step between the organic phase (monomer) and inorganic nanoparticles (silica). Mono and multinuclear eccentric core‐shell hybrid nanoparticles were obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 935–948, 2009
High-efficiency backlight module with two guiding modes (2014)

We propose a design for a high-efficiency backlight module that does not require a brightness enhancement film (BEF). With the high-efficiency backlight module it is possible to achieve almost the same half-luminance angle as a conventional edge-lit backlight module can achieve. The backlight system is comprised of a crisscross light guide plate (LGP) and one diffuser sheet. The crisscross LGP is composed of a LGP and optically patterned film (OPF). The backlight module allows light to be extracted through the direct guiding mode and top guiding mode, respectively. We controlled arrangement of the microstructures to increase the optical efficiency and the uniformity by two modes. Compared to the conventional edge-lit backlight module, there is a two-fold improvement in both the total optical efficiency and on-axis luminance with the high-efficiency backlight module.
[Organization of the human GLUT2 gene and regulation of the GLUT2 gene expression]. (1994)

The high Km glucose transporter, termed GLUT2, is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and hepatocytes in a tissue specific manner. Previous studies revealed that higher glucose levels cause increased GLUT2 gene expression in beta-cells and hepatocytes and that 11 exons of human GLUT2 gene are spanning around 30 kilobases in q26.1-->q26.3 region of was has been chromosome 3. While the putative transcriptional start site has been reported, we made a series of deletion analyses of the human GLUT2 gene promoter region and showed that the sequences located downstream of the putative transcriptional start site are essential for transcription not only in a hamster beta-cell line but also in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
Midazolam effects on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic blink reflex (1999)

In healthy male volunteers the magnitude of PPI varies according to agonism and antagonism of benzodiazepine receptors, suggesting that the assessment of PPI may be potentially useful to monitor the sedative effect of benzodiazepines in the clinical setting.
High Surface Area Solids Obtained by Reaction of Montmorillonite with Zirconyl Chloride (1979)

Abstract Exchange reactions of Na-montmorillonite with zirconyl chloride solutions give products with basal spacings near 18 Å which are stable to 500°C and have surface areas of the order of 300–400 m 2 /g. The Na ions are exchanged with tetrameric hydroxy cations [Zr 4 (OH) 14 •nH 2 O] 2+ . The high surface area is attributed to the porosity formed by stable zirconium oxide “pillars” formed by dehydroxylation of the complex cation. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms are of Langmuir type and are consistent with adsorption in interlayer micropores. Reduced-charge montmorillonites, formed by application of the Hofmann-Klemen procedure, give either similar or slightly smaller surface areas.
[Mouse sperm DNA damage induced by exogenous BDE-209]. (2011)

Exogenous BDE-209 can cause mouse sperm DNA damage and lead to sperm DNA chain breakage, and this effect shows an obvious dose dependence.
T1α/podoplanin is essential for capillary morphogenesis in lymphatic endothelial cells (2008)

The lymphatic vasculature functions to maintain tissue perfusion homeostasis. Defects in its formation or disruption of the vessels result in lymphedema, the effective treatment of which is hampered by limited understanding of factors regulating lymph vessel formation. Mice lacking T1alpha/podoplanin, a lymphatic endothelial cell transmembrane protein, have malformed lymphatic vasculature with lymphedema at birth, but the molecular mechanism for this phenotype is unknown. Here, we show, using primary human lung microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (HMVEC-LLy), that small interfering RNA-mediated silence of podoplanin gene expression has the dramatic effect of blocking capillary tube formation in Matrigel. In addition, localization of phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins to plasma membrane extensions, an early event in the capillary morphogenic program in lymphatic endothelial cells, is impaired. We find that cells with decreased podoplanin expression fail to properly activate the small GTPase RhoA early (by 30 min) after plating on Matrigel, and Rac1 shows a delay in its activation. Further indication that podoplanin action is linked to RhoA activation is that use of a cell-permeable inhibitor of Rho inhibited lymphatic endothelial capillary tube formation in the same manner as did podoplanin gene silencing, which was not mimicked by treatment with a Rac1 inhibitor. These data clearly demonstrate that early activation of RhoA in the lymphangiogenic process, which is required for the successful establishment of the capillary network, is dependent on podoplanin expression. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a mechanism has been suggested to explain the role of podoplanin in lymphangiogenesis.
Improved Survival of Children With Neuroblastoma Between 1979 and 2005: A Report of the Italian Neuroblastoma Registry (2010)

The outcome of children with neuroblastoma has progressively improved. Long-term survivors bear a significant risk of SMN.
Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 Produced in Endothelial Cells by Oscillatory Shear Stress Stimulates an Inflammatory Response (2003)

Atherosclerosis is now viewed as an inflammatory disease occurring preferentially in arterial regions exposed to disturbed flow conditions, including oscillatory shear stress (OS), in branched arteries. In contrast, the arterial regions exposed to laminar shear (LS) are relatively lesion-free. The mechanisms underlying the opposite effects of OS and LS on the inflammatory and atherogenic processes are not clearly understood. Here, through DNA microarrays, protein expression, and functional studies, we identify bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) as a mechanosensitive and pro-inflammatory gene product. Exposing endothelial cells to OS increased BMP4 protein expression, whereas LS decreased it. In addition, we found BMP4 expression only in the selective patches of endothelial cells overlying foam cell lesions in human coronary arteries. The same endothelial patches also expressed higher levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein compared with those of non-diseased areas. Functionally, we show that OS and BMP4 induced ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion by a NFkappaB-dependent mechanism. We suggest that BMP4 is a mechanosensitive, inflammatory factor playing a critical role in early steps of atherogenesis in the lesion-prone areas.
Digital bus faults measuring techniques (2002)

This paper describes techniques available today to detect digital bus faults on electronic PCB's using in-circuit testers. The paper will also suggest a new test technique called "CLIPS" developed using a Teradyne Z1890 ICT tester. The CLIPS uses a vector technique in which dynamic pulses are applied to the bus lines at high speed. The current pulse responses are picked up by specially designed current sensors, which are amplified and dynamically compared to pre-determined threshold levels. This technique is very fast and back-drive is very short. This makes it much safer to the board and components under test. The tests are run with different bus devices which enabled, at different threshold levels and different "expect" values, to find and diagnose the respective fault. The CLIPS uses specially designed current sensors and amplifier circuits, which perform a differentiation followed by an integration function. This makes the measurements much less sensitive to noise, voltage polarity, and current drift and temperature changes. In concept this technique can be applied to any make of Digital In-Circuit tester.
Integrated Analysis Platform: An Open-Source Information System for High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping    (2014)

High-throughput phenotyping is emerging as an important technology to dissect phenotypic components in plants. Efficient image processing and feature extraction are prerequisites to quantify plant growth and performance based on phenotypic traits. Issues include data management, image analysis, and result visualization of large-scale phenotypic data sets. Here, we present Integrated Analysis Platform (IAP), an open-source framework for high-throughput plant phenotyping. IAP provides user-friendly interfaces, and its core functions are highly adaptable. Our system supports image data transfer from different acquisition environments and large-scale image analysis for different plant species based on real-time imaging data obtained from different spectra. Due to the huge amount of data to manage, we utilized a common data structure for efficient storage and organization of data for both input data and result data. We implemented a block-based method for automated image processing to extract a representative list of plant phenotypic traits. We also provide tools for build-in data plotting and result export. For validation of IAP, we performed an example experiment that contains 33 maize (Zea mays 'Fernandez') plants, which were grown for 9 weeks in an automated greenhouse with nondestructive imaging. Subsequently, the image data were subjected to automated analysis with the maize pipeline implemented in our system. We found that the computed digital volume and number of leaves correlate with our manually measured data in high accuracy up to 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. In summary, IAP provides a multiple set of functionalities for import/export, management, and automated analysis of high-throughput plant phenotyping data, and its analysis results are highly reliable.
Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model (2013)

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis rates in the United States have been rising and reached a 50-y high of 42,000 cases in 2012. Although pertussis resurgence is not completely understood, we hypothesize that current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines fail to prevent colonization and transmission. To test our hypothesis, infant baboons were vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 mo of age with aP or whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines and challenged with B. pertussis at 7 mo. Infection was followed by quantifying colonization in nasopharyngeal washes and monitoring leukocytosis and symptoms. Baboons vaccinated with aP were protected from severe pertussis-associated symptoms but not from colonization, did not clear the infection faster than naïve animals, and readily transmitted B. pertussis to unvaccinated contacts. Vaccination with wP induced a more rapid clearance compared with naïve and aP-vaccinated animals. By comparison, previously infected animals were not colonized upon secondary infection. Although all vaccinated and previously infected animals had robust serum antibody responses, we found key differences in T-cell immunity. Previously infected animals and wP-vaccinated animals possess strong B. pertussis-specific T helper 17 (Th17) memory and Th1 memory, whereas aP vaccination induced a Th1/Th2 response instead. The observation that aP, which induces an immune response mismatched to that induced by natural infection, fails to prevent colonization or transmission provides a plausible explanation for the resurgence of pertussis and suggests that optimal control of pertussis will require the development of improved vaccines.