gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A document image retrieval method tolerating recognition and segmentation errors of OCR using shape-feature and multiple candidates (1999)

There are document image retrieval methods that are robust to character recognition errors. Some of them tolerate recognition errors by having multiple candidates for a character image, but they are intolerant of segmentation errors of characters. In addition, these methods cannot retrieve documents that do not contain the correct character code. We propose a method that overcomes these problems. This method uses multiple candidates and "shape-feature" which describes the outline of the character shape for uncertain characters. Documents are retrieved using both "shape-feature" and multiple candidate techniques. Our experimental results reveal that the method has a high recall rate compared with that of conventional methods.
Light Field Stitching for Extended Synthetic Aperture (2016)

Through capturing spatial and angular radiance distribution, light field cameras introduce new capabilities that are not possible with conventional cameras. So far in the light field imaging literature, the focus has been on the theory and applications of single light field capture. By combining multiple light fields, it is possible to obtain new capabilities and enhancements, and even exceed physical limitations, such as spatial resolution and aperture size of the imaging device. In this paper, we present an algorithm to register and stitch multiple light fields. We utilize the regularity of the spatial and angular sampling in light field data, and extend some techniques developed for stereo vision systems to light field data. Such an extension is not straightforward for a micro-lens array (MLA) based light field camera due to extremely small baseline and low spatial resolution. By merging multiple light fields captured by an MLA based camera, we obtain larger synthetic aperture, which results in improvements in light field capabilities, such as increased depth estimation range/accuracy and wider perspective shift range.
Covering more territory to fight resistance: considering nurses’ role in antimicrobial stewardship (2011)

The potential contribution nurses can make to the management of antimicrobials within an in-patient setting could impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Current initiatives promoting prudent antimicrobial prescribing and management have generally failed to include nurses, which subsequently limits the extent to which these strategies can improve patient outcomes. For antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programmes to be successful, a sustained and seamless level of monitoring and decision making in relation to antimicrobial therapy is needed. As nurses have the most consistent presence as patient carer, they are in the ideal position to provide this level of service. However, for nurses to truly impact on AMR and HCAIs through increasing their profile in AS, barriers and facilitators to adopting this enhanced role must be contextualised in the implementation of any initiative.
2.29 Diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) in emergency patients with early sepsis using the new assay PATHFAST presepsin (2012)

2.29 Diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) in emergency patients with early sepsis using the new assay PATHFAST presepsin was published in Advances in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine on page 128.
Intermittent therapy in the palliative treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (2013)

SUMMARY The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer has evolved considerably over the past decade. The introduction of combination chemotherapy regimens including oxaliplatin and irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil have significantly improved clinical efficacy, and these are the current standard first-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the addition of biological agents to chemotherapy has further improved treatment outcome. With the increasing number of treatment options now available, comes the question of optimal duration of treatment in order to maximize clinical efficacy but also to maintain quality of life. In this review, we further discuss the evidence and role of intermittent therapy in the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and again examine whether outcome is compromised by planned breaks in treatment.
Isolation and Characterization of <i>Campylobacter</i> Bacteriophages from Retail Poultry (2003)

The ability of phages to survive processing is an important aspect of their potential use in the biocontrol of Campylobacter in poultry production. To this end, we have developed a procedure to recover Campylobacter bacteriophages from chilled and frozen retail poultry and have validated the sensitivity of the method by using a characterized Campylobacter phage (i.e., NCTC 12674). By using this method, we have shown that Campylobacter phages can survive on retail chicken under commercial storage conditions. Retail chicken portions purchased in the United Kingdom were screened for the presence of endogenous Campylobacter phages. Thirty-four Campylobacter bacteriophages were isolated from 300 chilled retail chicken portions, but none could be recovered from 150 frozen chicken portions. The phage isolates were characterized according to their lytic profiles, morphology, and genome size. The free-range products were significantly more likely to harbor phages (P < 0.001 by single-factor analysis of variance) than were standard or economy products. This study demonstrates that Campylobacter bacteriophages, along with their hosts, can survive commercial poultry processing procedures and that the phages exhibited a wide range of recovery rates from chicken skin stored at 4 degrees C.
Accelerating the engineering to manufacturing transition (2002)

With today's ever increasing pressures for bringing new products to market in ever shorter periods of time, companies may neglect to consider some of the key product design attributes-often called the "-ilities"-that affect the manufacturing process. When this happens, time to market is often extended because of the need for product redesign in order to improve manufacturing yields and quality or to lower product costs. One of the ways to reduce the number of product design iterations, or post-prototype engineering changes, is to design both the product and the manufacturing processes simultaneously. This requires involving all of the organization's pertinent engineering disciplines, in addition to marketing and support functions, right from the start of the project. This type of team development activity is usually referred to as concurrent engineering (CE) or integrated product development (IPD).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new current-balancing method for paralleled LED strings (2011)

This paper presents a current balancing and dimming scheme for paralleled light-emitting-diode (LED) strings directly powered by a dc source. The current balancing is achieved using current-balancing transformers. To make the operation of the balancing transformers possible and provide equal driving currents for the paralleled LED strings, a series-connected switch is turned on or off by a high-frequency signal. The brightness of the LED strings can be adjusted by varying the duty cycle of the control switch in addition to achieving current balancing. The proposed current-balancing and dimming method was verified experimentally.
Knoevenagel Condensation over Acidic Zeolite (2002)

Knoevenagel condensation of carbonyl substrates with the compounds containing active methylene group to olefin and water was performed successfully over acidic zeolite HY, and a series of α,β unsaturated compounds were synthesized in satisfactory yield. The factors influencing the reaction were tentatively studied. Both Lewis acid and Brnsted acid are capable of catalyzing the Knoevenagel condensation. And the Brnsted acid strongly promotes the hydrolysis of the condensation products. It was found that aldehydes are more active than ketones, as to aromatic aldehydes, the unsubstitued aromatic aldehydes are more active than those substituted by electron donating groups when undergoing Knoevenagel condensation, but less active than those substituted by electron attracting groups. In other words, the more highly the carbonyl group of the substrate is polarized, the more rapidly the substrate undergoes the Knoevenagel condensation. This conclusion is just the same as that obtained under other conditions. For a given aldehyde or ketone, the reactivity order of active methylene compounds is as follows: ethyl acetoacetate≈cyanoacetamideacetoacetonemethyl malonate≈ethyl malonatemalononitrileethyl cyanoacetate. It differs greatly from the activity order of the active hydrogen of the active methylene compounds, meaning that the acidity of the active hydrogen contained in the reactants is not the principal factor influencing the reaction rate of the condensation.
Electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of iron fibre-epoxy resin composites (2000)

In this paper, magnetic iron fibres of diameter down to 2 µm were produced by using the bundle-drawing method, and iron fibre-epoxy resin composites were prepared by mixing epoxy resin with the iron fibres. The electromagnetic parameters of the iron fibre-epoxy resin composites were measured using the transmission/reflection coaxial line method at microwave frequencies. The measured results show that the iron fibre-epoxy resin composites exhibit larger values of µ' and µ'' in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, and the values of both ε' and ε'' steeply increase with increase in the fibre concentration. Based on a theoretical calculation of the reflection coefficient, the microwave absorbing properties of the iron fibre-epoxy resin composites were examined. The calculated results indicate that the iron fibre-epoxy resin composites exhibit good absorption performance in the radar band. The optimum absorption can be achieved by optimizing the fibre concentration. The absorption peak frequency can be manipulated easily by changing the thickness of the material layer. The calculated results also indicate that magnetic iron fibres may be useful in producing thin and lightweight radar absorbing materials.
The electronic fabric of resistance: a constructive network of online users and activists challenging a rigid copyright regime (2009)

In South Korea law and policy on intellectual property (IP) has been entirely subordinated to international agreements and the interests of domestic IP holders. Since the mid-1990s the Korean government has affiliated with international intellectual property institutions and has been rapidly incorporated into a worldwide IP system that aims to monopolize the nonmaterial resources of the knowledge society. South Korea became a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) in 1995, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1996, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty in 2004. Heedless of the communicative needs of its citizens to share freely all kinds of material and immaterial assets, the Korean government has sought to gain a share in the new imperial power of global capital. The wholesale subordination of the Korean government to the international IP system is at odds with the public's interest in free cultural expression. Vastly expanding citizens' liability for copyright infringement and the privatization of the public domain has produced a general chilling effect on citizens' rights, such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. The Korean IP regime, thus, has alienated the public's rights to intellectual assets, which are essential to a democratic society.
Investigation of different frequency estimation techniques using the phase vocoder (2002)

Sinusoidal models have long been used in the analysis and synthesis of audio signals. Many of these models including the vocoder choose critical frequencies in the amplitude spectrum for reconstruction in the synthesis section. In these models, it is important to estimate the true frequency of the signal. In this paper, we investigate the performance of traditional methods of frequency estimation using the phase vocoder. The performance of the frequency estimation techniques under varying signal to noise ratio (SNR) and different windows is analyzed. It will be shown that frequency estimation via the peak detection of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) performs better at high SNR. We also study the effect of the presence of multiple sinusoids in the signal on the frequency estimation techniques. The mathematical analysis included is rigorous but has been presented in a simplified manner for easy interpretation.
Electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients of CoSb and NiSb (1973)

Electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients were determined for NiSb and CoSb as a function of composition. The results indicate that clustering of defects occurs for large deviations from the stoichiometric composition in CoSb, and that these compounds cannot be classified as electron compounds.
Primary Graft Dysfunction (2009)

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a severe form of ischemia/reperfusion acute lung injury that is a major cause of early morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Survivors of PGD have worse long-term lung function and an increased chance of developing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the manifestation of chronic rejection. This review examines the current state of PGD research in the context of a recent consensus statement by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) designed to standardize the definition of PGD in clinical research efforts. This article will review this definition and issues surrounding it, outcome studies examining the long-term effects of PGD, and the established clinical risk factors for PGD. Translational studies exploring the pathogenesis of PGD will be highlighted, and the current state of PGD prevention and management will also be described. Finally, we will summarize efforts at finding genetic and molecular markers for PGD and discuss future directions for PGD research.
Individual Differences in the Programming of Rapid Bimanual Movements: Are Two Modes Better Than One? (2016)

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 347-358, 2016. One of the challenges in performing simultaneous bimanual movements is to prevent interference from one limb to the other, thereby maintaining spatial accuracy in both limbs. Prior research has shown that when a longer distance movement is performed with a shorter movement, the shorter movement overshoots its target and the longer movement undershoots its target relative to control conditions where two shorter or two longer movements are made. The current experiment investigated the motor control strategies used by participants when performing simultaneous aiming movements combining both different and same distances. Participants (N = 20) made rapid lever-positioning movements (goal time to reversal was 350 ms) in the sagittal plane to 2 different spatial targets (20° and 60°) or the same targets (either 20° or 60°). Feedback about spatial accuracy was provided immediately after each trial. Constant error (CE) was measured for each distance based on 20 practice trials per condition. The CE from the same- and different-distance conditions were compared with separate one-way ANOVAs with repeated measures. Overshooting was shown of the 20° target and undershooting of the 60° target when the two distances were performed together. However, the movement amplitudes were positively correlated over trials in both the same- and different-distance conditions. A trial-by-trial analysis of the CE scores revealed both compensatory and non-compensatory strategies. The results suggest individual differences in how amplitude parameters are chosen for use with the generalized motor program in the control of bimanual aiming movements.
Subunit structure of the high and low affinity human interleukin-15 receptors. (2000)

Radio-iodinated cytokines and monoclonal antibodies directed at the IL-2R beta- and gamma-chains were used to analyze the structure of the cell-surface IL-15 and IL-2 receptors expressed by the human lymphoma cell clone YT-2C2. YT-2C2 cells are IL-2R alpha negative and express IL-2R gamma (15,000 molecules/cell) in excess of IL-2R beta (11,000 molecules/cell). Accordingly, they display a number of beta/gamma complexes of intermediate affinity for IL-2 and IL-15 which is equivalent to the number of beta-chains. Both cytokines compete for binding to this beta/gamma complex. There are about 800 high affinity IL-15 receptors, suggesting the presence of a similar number of IL-15R alpha-chains. Within the common intermediate affinity beta/gamma-complex, the anti-beta-chain A41 mAb defines an epitope which is similarly engaged in IL-2 and IL-15 binding, whereas the anti-beta-chain 284 mAb defines an epitope which does not display similar interaction with either cytokines. Thus, although IL-2 and IL-15 compete for binding to this beta/gamma-complex, they do not use similar binding areas. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation experiments have shown that the high affinity IL-15 receptors comprises IL-2R beta/gamma, in association with IL-15R alpha and that the three chains can be efficiently cross-linked to IL-15 and co-immunoprecipitated. Contrary to the intermediate affinity situation, high affinity IL-15 binding and subunit cross-linking were not affected by excess amounts of IL-2, A41 or 284 mAb, suggesting that when engaged in the IL-15 high affinity complex, the beta- and gamma-chains adopt different conformations, at least with respect to IL-15 binding. Finally, we provide evidence for the participation of a novel 35 kDa component within the high affinity structure. This component is immunoprecipitated with anti-IL-2R gamma mAb but not with anti-IL-2R beta mAb and might correspond to a truncated form of IL-2R gamma-chain.
Smart-Cut(R) process: an original way to obtain thin films by ion implantation (2003)

The Smart-Cut(R) process, based on proton implantation and wafer bonding, appears more and more as a generic process. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the specific case of thermally induced splitting. Cavity growth by Ostwald ripening mechanism and crack propagation are responsible for thermally-induced splitting. In this case, the splitting kinetics are controlled by hydrogen diffusion. In the second part, the latest results concerning new structures are presented.
A cDNA encoding tyrosinase-related protein maps to the brown locus in mouse. (1988)

A mouse melanoma cDNA clone was isolated by virtue of its reactivity with two antisera raised against tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) from two species, hamster and mouse. The cDNA (5A) cross-hybridizes with another, pMT4 [Shibahara, S., Tomita, V., Sakakura, T., Nager, C., Bhabatosh, C. & Muller, R. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 2413-2427], previously thought to encode mouse tyrosinase. Two other cDNAs, one human and one mouse, have been reported recently [Kwon, B. S., Haq, A. K., Pomerantz, S. H. & Halaban, R. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7473-7477; and Yamamoto, H., Takeuchi, S., Kudo, T., Makino, K., Nakata, A., Shinoda, T. & Takeuchi, T. (1987) Jpn. J. Genet. 62, 271-277] as candidates for tyrosinase, and they map at or very close to the mouse albino (c) locus. The proteins they encode are very similar to each other but are distinct from (although related to) the pMT4-encoded protein. Here I use recombinant inbred strains to localize pMT4 at or close to the mouse brown (b) locus. I suggest that the gene mapping to c is the authentic tyrosinase gene, whereas that mapping to b encodes a tyrosinase-related protein. All b mutations in laboratory strains are associated with the same diagnostic Taq I fragment, suggesting that all derive from the same original mutation. I discuss possible function(s) of the tyrosinase-related protein.
Effects of islet hormones on nerve-mediated and acetylcholine-evoked secretory responses in the isolated pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. (1998)

This study employs the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats to investigate the relationship between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in the control of exocrine secretion employing enzyme and immunohistochemical and physiological techniques. Acetylcholine esterase (ACh-E) positive nerves were distributed in the interacinar regions of the pancreas lying close to the exocrine cells. There was no difference between the cholinergic innervation of the pancreas in normal and diabetic rat. Insulin (INS) immunopositive cells were observed in the peripheral and central portions of the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas of normal rat. In the diabetic animals the number of INS-positive cells were decreased. In contrast, glucagon (GLU) and somatostatin (SOM)-immunopositive cells were identified mainly in the peripheral parts of the Islets of Langerhans and their numbers increased markedly in the diabetic pancreas. Insulin alone had no significant effect on amylase secretion in the normal pancreas whereas GLU and SOM evoked small increases in amylase out compared to basal. In contrast, the islet hormones have no detectable secretory effect on the diabetic pancreas compared to control. Both electrical field stimulation (EFS) of intrinsic secretomotor nerves and exogenous application of acetylcholine (ACh) resulted in marked increases in amylase secretion. In pancreatic acini and acinar cells ACh evoked dose-dependent increases in amylase release. In normal pancreatic segments a combination of either INS or GLU with EFS or ACh resulted in marked potentiation of amylase output. In contrast, SOM inhibited the EFS-evoked amylase output but enhanced the secretory response to ACh. In pancreatic acini and acinar cells from normal rat and in pancreatic segments from diabetic rats, the islet hormones had no potentiating effect on the ACh-evoked secretory response. Similarly, in the diabetic rat the islet hormone had no effect on EFS-evoked amylase output. In fura-2 loaded pancreatic acinar cells ACh-induced a marked increase in intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i compared to basal. Either INS or GLU, but not SOM, elicited a small increase in [Ca2+]i. Combining either INS or GLU with ACh resulted in a potentiation of [Ca2+]i compared with ACh alone. In contrast, SOM had no significant effect on the ACh-induced [Ca2+]i compared to the response obtained with ACh alone. In pancreatic acinar cells of diabetic rat ACh-elicited similar magnitude of [Ca2+]i compared to acinar cells of normal rat. However, when the islet hormones were combined with ACh there was no enhancement of [Ca2+]i compared to ACh alone. The results indicate that the potentiation of either EFS or ACh-evoked secretory responses by the islet hormones seem to occur only in pancreatic segments which have intact viable Islets of Langerhans and not in either acini and acinar cells or from the pancreas of diabetic rat. Moreover, it is apparent that cellular Ca2+ is involved with the interaction of ACh with either INS or GLU.