gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Automatic Detection of Large Vessel Occlusions on CT Angiography (2019)

Background and Purpose- Accurate and rapid detection of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) is of paramount importance in patients with acute stroke due to the potentially rapid infarction of at-risk tissue and the limited therapeutic window for endovascular clot retrieval. Hence, the optimal threshold of a new, fully automated software-based approach for LVO detection was determined, and its diagnostic performance evaluated in a large cohort study. Methods- For this retrospective study, data were pooled from: 2 stroke trials, DEFUSE 2 (n=62; 07/08-09/11) and DEFUSE 3 (n=213; 05/17-05/18); a cohort of endovascular clot retrieval candidates (n=82; August 2, 2014-August 30, 2015) and normals (n=111; June 6, 2017-January 28, 2019) from a single quaternary center; and code stroke patients (n=501; January 1, 2017-December 31, 2018) from a single regional hospital. All CTAs were assessed by the automated algorithm. Consensus reads by 2 neuroradiologists served as the reference standard. ROC analysis was used to assess diagnostic performance of the algorithm for detection of (1) anterior circulation LVOs involving the intracranial internal carotid artery or M1 segment middle cerebral artery (M1-MCA); (2) anterior circulation LVOs and proximal M2 segment MCA (M2-MCA) occlusions; and (3) individual segment occlusions. Results- CTAs from 926 patients (median age 70 years, interquartile range: 58-80; 422 females) were analyzed. Three hundred ninety-five patients had an anterior circulation LVO or M2-MCA occlusion (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 14 [median], interquartile range: 9-19). Sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 74%, respectively, for LVO detection, and 95% and 79%, respectively, when M2 occlusions were included. On analysis by occlusion site, sensitivities were 90% (M2-MCA), 97% (M1-MCA), and 97% (intracranial internal carotid artery) with corresponding area-under-the-ROC-curves of 0.874 (M2), 0.962 (M1), and 0.997 (intracranial internal carotid artery). Conclusions- Intracranial anterior circulation LVOs and proximal M2 occlusions can be rapidly and reliably detected by an automated detection tool, which may facilitate intra- and inter-instutional workflows and emergent imaging triage in the care of patients with stroke.
3D nanofabrication on complex seed shapes using glancing angle deposition (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques promise new device architectures and enable the integration of more components, but fabricating 3D nanostructures for device applications remains challenging. Recently, we have performed glancing angle deposition (GLAD) upon a nanoscale hexagonal seed array to create a variety of 3D nanoscale objects including multicomponent rods, helices, and zigzags [1]. Here, in an effort to generalize our technique, we present a step-by-step approach to grow 3D nanostructures on more complex nanoseed shapes and configurations than before. This approach allows us to create 3D nanostructures on nanoseeds regardless of seed sizes and shapes.
Light at Night and Measures of Alertness and Performance (2015)

Rotating-shift workers, particularly those working at night, are likely to experience sleepiness, decreased productivity, and impaired safety while on the job. Light at night has been shown to have acute alerting effects, reduce sleepiness, and improve performance. However, light at night can also suppress melatonin and induce circadian disruption, both of which have been linked to increased health risks. Previous studies have shown that long-wavelength (red) light exposure increases objective and subjective measures of alertness at night, without suppressing nocturnal melatonin. This study investigated whether exposure to red light at night would not only increase measures of alertness but also improve performance. It was hypothesized that exposure to both red (630 nm) and white (2,568 K) lights would improve performance but that only white light would significantly affect melatonin levels. Seventeen individuals participated in a 3-week, within-subjects, nighttime laboratory study. Compared to remaining in dim light, participants had significantly faster reaction times in the GO/NOGO test after exposure to both red light and white light. Compared to dim light exposure, power in the alpha and alpha-theta regions was significantly decreased after exposure to red light. Melatonin levels were significantly suppressed by white light only. Results show that not only can red light improve measures of alertness, but it can also improve certain types of performance at night without affecting melatonin levels. These findings could have significant practical applications for nurses; red light could help nurses working rotating shifts maintain nighttime alertness, without suppressing melatonin or changing their circadian phase.
Methylation of arenes via Ni-catalyzed aryl C–O/F activation (2008)

Aryl C-O and C-F can be transformed into C-Me via Ni-catalyzed coupling with MeMgBr under mild conditions.
Untersuchungen über die Fähigkeit der Spreitung von Lipoiden und der Permeation von Wasserdampf durch die lebende Haut (1962)

Abstract Die Untersuchungen mit zehn verschiedenen Lipoiden, deren Viskosität und Grenzflächenspannung gegenüber Wasser bei der Hauttemperatur experimentell bestimmt wurden, zeigen, daß ihre Spreitfähigkeit sowohl von der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Lipoide als auch ihren physikalischen Eigenschaften abhängig ist. Die Prüfungen der untersuchten Fettstoffe im Hinblick auf ihren Einfluß auf die Wasserabgabe durch die Haut ergaben, daß eine direkte Beziehung zwischen der Spreitfähigkeit und der Perspiratio insensibiles besteht: Je besser ein Lipoid spreitet, desto geringer ist die Hemmwirkung.
Glasses-free 3D display system using grating film for stereo image superimpose (2009)

A liquid crystal display (LCD) recently comes into common use. It is possible for this display unit to provide the same size of displaying area as the image screen on the panel. To display a stereoscopic image for left and right eyes, the display screen needs to be divided in half and left and right stereoscopic images must be overlaid for easy 3D viewing. The authors had ever developed a stereo image overlapping method which enables both images to be in same position. A grating film can shift an image into any position by adjusting the interval from the original image plane. However an observer must wear the polarized glasses to separate the overlaid stereoscopic images into appropriate eyes. To improve this problem, we developed a glasses-free 3D stereoscopic display using an LCD display panel, a view control film and a grating film for stereoscopic viewing. The observer can watch overlapped stereoscopic images for left and right eyes without special glasses such as polarized glasses.
Error Correction Algorithm for High Accuracy Bio-Impedance Measurement in Wearable Healthcare Applications (2014)

Implantable and ambulatory measurement of physiological signals such as Bio-impedance using miniature biomedical devices needs careful tradeoff between limited power budget, measurement accuracy and complexity of implementation. This paper addresses this tradeoff through an extensive analysis of different stimulation and demodulation techniques for accurate Bio-impedance measurement. Three cases are considered for rigorous analysis of a generic impedance model, with multiple poles, which is stimulated using a square/sinusoidal current and demodulated using square/sinusoidal clock. For each case, the error in determining pole parameters (resistance and capacitance) is derived and compared. An error correction algorithm is proposed for square wave demodulation which reduces the peak estimation error from 9.3% to 1.3% for a simple tissue model. Simulation results in Matlab using ideal RC values show an average accuracy of for single pole and for two pole RC networks. Measurements using ideal components for a single pole model gives an overall and readings from saline phantom solution (primarily resistive) gives an . A Figure of Merit is derived based on ability to accurately resolve multiple poles in unknown impedance with minimal measurement points per decade, for given frequency range and supply current budget. This analysis is used to arrive at an optimal tradeoff between accuracy and power. Results indicate that the algorithm is generic and can be used for any application that involves resolving poles of an unknown impedance. It can be implemented as a post-processing technique for error correction or even incorporated into wearable signal monitoring ICs.
Arbitrated address-event representation digitalimage sensor (2001)

An 80 × 60 pixels arbitrated address-event imager has been designed and fabricated in a 0.6 µm CMOS process. The output bandwidth is allocated according to the pixel's demand. The imager has a large dynamic range: 200 dB (pixel) and 120 dB (array). The power consumption is 3.4 mW in uniform indoor light. The imager is capable of 8.3K effective frames per second.
Trusted framework for online banking in public cloud using multi-factor authentication and privacy protection gateway (2015)

Cloud computing is an emerging, revenue generating and internet based technology, where computing power, storage and other resources are provided to the stakeholders in a single package. The traditional online banking systems can make use of the cloud framework for providing economical and high-speed online service to the consumers. This paper first describes a systematic Multi-factor bio-metric Fingerprint Authentication (MFA) approach which provides a high-secure identity verification process for validating the legitimacy of the remote users. The significance of this approach is that the authentication credentials of the users are not revealed to the bank and cloud authentication servers, but allows the servers to perform remote users’ authentication. We then extend this investigated framework to develop a privacy protection gateway for obscuring and desensitizing the customers’ account details using tokenization and data anonymization techniques. This approach retains the original format of data fields at various levels of the database management systems and makes the data worthless to others except the owner. In addition to designing an efficient MFA, through extensive experimental results we illustrate our privacy protection gateway is practical and effective.
Compact real-time 2D gradient-based analog VLSI motion sensor (1998)

In this work we present the first working focal plane analog VLSI sensor for the spatially resolved computation of the 2D motion field based on temporal and spatial derivatives. Using an adaptive CMOS photoreceptor the temporal derivative and a function of the spatial derivative of the local high intensity are computed. By multiplying these values separately for both spatial dimensions a vector is obtained, which points in the direction of the normal optical flow and whose magnitude for a given stimulus is proportional to its velocity. The circuit consists of only 31 MOSFETs and three capacitors per pixel. We present measurements data from fully functional prototype 2D pixel arrays for natural stimuli of varying velocity, orientation, contrast and spatial frequency. High direction selectivity even for very low contrast input is demonstrated. As application it is shown how the pixel-parallel architecture of the sensor can favorably be used for real-time computation of the focus of expansion and the axis of rotation. Because of its compactness, its robust operation and its uncritical handling the sensor might be favorably applied in industrial applications.
A clinician's guide for conducting randomized trials in individual patients. (1988)

In determining optimal treatment for a patient conventional trials of therapy are susceptible to bias. Large-scale randomized trials can provide only a partial guide and have not been or cannot be carried out for most clinical disorders. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in individual patients (N of 1 RCTs) may in some circumstances provide a solution to this dilemma. In an N of 1 RCT a patient undergoes pairs of treatment periods (one period of each pair with the active drug and one with matched placebo, assigned at random); both the patient and the clinician are blind to allocation, and treatment targets are monitored. N of 1 RCTs are useful for chronic, stable conditions for which the proposed treatment, which has a rapid onset of action and ceases to act soon after it is discontinued, has shown promise in an open trial of therapy. The monitoring of treatment targets usually includes quantitative measurement of the patient's symptoms with the use of simple patient diaries or questionnaires. Pairs of treatment periods are continued until effectiveness is proved or refuted. The cooperation of a pharmacy is required for the preparation of matching placebos and conduct of the trial. Formal statistical analysis may be helpful for interpreting the results. The practical approach presented in this paper allows clinicians to conduct their own N of 1 RCTs.
Recurrent Modeling of Interaction Context for Collective Activity Recognition (2017)

Modeling of high order interactional context, e.g., group interaction, lies in the central of collective/group activity recognition. However, most of the previous activity recognition methods do not offer a flexible and scalable scheme to handle the high order context modeling problem. To explicitly address this fundamental bottleneck, we propose a recurrent interactional context modeling scheme based on LSTM network. By utilizing the information propagation/aggregation capability of LSTM, the proposed scheme unifies the interactional feature modeling process for single person dynamics, intra-group (e.g., persons within a group) and inter-group(e.g., group to group)interactions. The proposed high order context modeling scheme produces more discriminative/descriptive interactional features. It is very flexible to handle a varying number of input instances (e.g., different number of persons in a group or different number of groups) and linearly scalable to high order context modeling problem. Extensive experiments on two benchmark collective/group activity datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bacterial isolates degrading aliphatic polycarbonates (1998)

Bacteria that degrade an aliphatic polycarbonate, poly(hexamethylene carbonate), were isolated from river water in Ibaraki. Prefecture, Japan, after enrichment in liquid medium containing poly(hexamethylene carbonate) suspensions as carbon source, and dilution to single cells. Four of the strains, 35L, WFF52, 61A and 61B2, degraded poly(hexamethylene carbonate) on agar plate containing suspended poly(hexamethylene carbonate). Degradation of poly(hexamethylene carbonate) was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. Besides poly(hexamethylene carbonate), the strains were found to degrade poly(tetramethylene carbonate). The strains were characterized morphologically, physiologically, and by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Strains 35L and WFF52 were tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Variovorax sp., respectively, while strains 61A and 61B2 constitute an unidentified branch within the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria.
Possibility of construction of an arithmetic unit based on controlled optical transparencies (1974)

An analysis is made of the possibility of construction of arithmetic units based on the passage of light signals through electric-field-controlled optical transparencies. Such arithmetic units can perform any Boolean algebraic operations. Methods for performing the basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are described. A brief discussion is given of the block diagram of an optoelectronic arithmetic unit with a speed of several tens of millions of algorithmic operations per second.
Caudo-Cephalad Loading of Pedicle Screws (1993)

The mechanism of failure and the effect of augmentation of single pedicle screws subjected to caudo-cephalad loads applied at the screw head were investigated. In each of 10 lumbar vertebrae, Steffee pedicle screws of appropriate diameter were placed in one pedicle. The cancellous bone of the contralateral pedicle was removed by curettage, a custom fabricated bushing was pressed by hand into the space, and a Steffee screw was inserted through the bushing and into the vertebral body. This arrangement was designed to transfer load directly from the pedicle screw to cortex, bypassing the cancellous bone of the pedicle. In a second experiment, a custom plate was mounted to the posterior surfaces of the articular facets allowing load transfer from the head of the screw directly to cortex. Caudo-cephalad loads were applied by a materials tester and toggle displacement (defined as the total caudo-cephalad movement of the screw under minimal load after loading through a complete cycle) was measured. Under peak loads of +199 N (caudal) and -224 N (cephalad), mean toggle at the screw head was 4.93 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 3.60 mm) for the screw alone and 4.96 mm (SD = 4.42 mm) for the screw augmented by the bushing. Screws without augmentation showed a characteristic pattern of loosening with the base of the pedicle acting as a fulcrum and a butterfly-shape void occurring in the vertebra and the pedicle where cancellous bone had been crushed. Problems with the bushing included poor fit, back-out, and split pedicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evolution of codon usage patterns: the extent and nature of divergence between<i>Candida albicans</i>and<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1992)

Codon usage in a sample of 28 genes from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans has been analysed using multivariate statistical analysis. A major trend among genes, correlated with gene expression level, was identified. We have focussed on the extent and nature of divergence between C.albicans and the closely related yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was recently suggested that significant differences exist between the subsets of preferred codons in these two species [Brown et al. (1991) Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 4293]. Overall, the genes of C.albicans are more A + T-rich, reflecting the lower genomic G + C content of that species, and presumably resulting from a different pattern of mutational bias. However, in both species highly expressed genes preferentially use the same subset of 'optimal' codons. A suggestion that the low frequency of NCG codons in both yeast species results from selection against the presence of codons that are potentially highly mutable is discounted. Codon usage in C.albicans, as in other unicellular species, can be interpreted as the result of a balance between the processes of mutational bias and translational selection. Codon usage in two related Candida species, C.maltosa and C.tropicalis, is briefly discussed.
Polymeric and Small‐Molecule Semiconductors for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2015)

This chapter reviews the achievements in the development of molecular and polymeric semiconductors for charge transport in thin-film transistors (TFTs). In particular, it introduces the basic concepts of organic semiconductor structure and organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) operation and then focuses on initial studies and works. Organic semiconductors for OTFTs must possess two essential structural features for their successful implementation in printed electronics. The first feature is a π-conjugated core/chain composed of linked unsaturated units. The second feature is core functionalization with solubilizing substituents, which is essential for inexpensive manufacture by solution methods as well as for enhancing solid-state core interactions. There are several advantages in using polymeric versus molecular p-conjugated semiconductors. Isoindigo has become a popular conjugated moiety in polymer semiconductor design because of its strong electron-withdrawing character. Polymeric p-channel TFTs have reached new heights, with hole mobilities unthinkable only few years back and surpassing 10 cm2V−1 s−1.
Yoda: a framework for the conceptual design VLSI systems (2003)

As the complexity of the VLSI design process grows, it becomes increasingly more costly to conduct design in a trial-and-error fashion because the number of possible design alternatives, as well as the cost of a complete synthesis and fabrication cycle, increase dramatically. A conceptual design addresses this problem by allowing the designer to conduct initial feasibility studies, giving guidance on the most promising design alternatives with a preliminary indication of estimated performance. The authors describe a general framework that supports this conceptual design and a particular instance of such a framework, called Yoda, that supports the conceptual design phase for digital signal processing filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Benign Teratoma of the Ovary with Urinary Bladder Invasion and Hematuria Presentation (1988)

The benign cystic treatoma is the most common ovarian neoplasm. Its complications include torsion of pedicle, rupture, and malignant change. Other complications are rare. Here we presented a case of benign ovarian teratoma with direct urinary bladder invasion and hematuria occurrence which was rare reported in the literature.
New features of the Blocks Database servers (1999)

Blocks are ungapped multiple sequence alignments representing conserved protein regions, and the Blocks Database consists of blocks from documented protein families. World Wide Web (http://www. blocks.fhcrc.org) and Email (blocks@blocks.fhcrc.org) servers provide tools for homology searching and for analyzing protein family relationships. New enhancements include a multiple alignment processor that extends the use of these tools to imported multiple alignments of families not present in the database and a PCR primer designer that implements a new strategy for gene isolation.
Design of dual-phase lock-in amplifier used for weak signal detection (2016)

In this paper, preamplifier circuit, filter circuit and bias circuit with protection were designed. With the help of DSP and LabVIEW, the algorithm implementation of dual-phase lock-in amplifier, data processing, data display and the serial communication between DSP and LabVIEW were achieved. A complete digital dual-phase lock-in amplifier system based on DSP and LabVIEW was designed. It can extract the weak sinusoidal signals submerged by noise. This design has the advantages of high accuracy, low cost and portability, and its update and transplantation are easy. Experiment results show that when the rate of weak sinusoidal signal's additional noise is 100%, the relative error of amplitude detection is less than 2%, and the absolute error of phase measurement is less than 3°. It fully satisfies the requirements of detecting weak signals submerged by noise in general application. It can also serve as a high cost performance platform in the intensive study of weak signal detection.
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs and Poisons by Hemodialysis and Hemoperfusion (1987)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More