gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile and Controlled Synthesis of Ultra‐Thin Low Dielectric Constant Meso/Microporous Silica Films (2008)

Fancy films: Microporous zeolite silicalite-1 nanoparticles with regular particle dimensions are dispersed within self-assembled mesoporous silica thin films in order to fabricate thin films with low dielectric constants. The mesoporous component functions as a binder material which increases the adhesion of the zeolite films to the underlying silicon substrate without augmenting the dielectric constant. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2267/2008/z800158_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Vision-based forward collision warning system design supported by a field-test verification platform (2014)

This paper proposes a novel approach of developing a vision-based forward collision warning system (V-FCW) under an integrated platform with both V-FCW algorithm development and field-test data driven system verification. The developed verification platform provides huge amount of video data collected from field testing under various real driving conditions with labeled ground truth and fast search capability. Under this integrated platform, the V-FCW system can be effectively developed, tested and verified under various real driving conditions and scenarios in a lab environment, and in a repeatable, cost effective and even automatic way to achieve robust, reliable and high performance.
Background invariant static hand gesture recognition based on Hidden Markov Models (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of Static Hand Gesture Recognition (SHGR) and proposes a fast yet simple solution based on Discrete Hidden Markov Models (DHMMs) that use features extracted from the hand contours. In addition to previous work, the use of depth information ensures robustness to the overall system, making it background invariant. Experiments carried on a challenging noisy dataset reveal the superior discriminating as well as generalizing abilities of statistical models, when compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Face recognition: features versus templates (1993)

Two new algorithms for computer recognition of human faces, one based on the computation of a set of geometrical features, such as nose width and length, mouth position, and chin shape, and the second based on almost-gray-level template matching, are presented. The results obtained for the testing sets show about 90% correct recognition using geometrical features and perfect recognition using template matching.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The alcohol dehydrogenase gene: distribution among Sulfolobales and regulation in Sulfolobus solfataricus (1999)

The distribution of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adh) among different Archaea was investigated by Southern blot analysis revealing the potentiality of the adh gene as a specific marker for the genus Sulfolobus. Moreover, the in vivo expression of the adh gene from a new isolate of Sulfolobus solfataricus, Gθ, was studied to investigate gene regulation in Archaea. Primer extension analysis allowed the identification of a single initiation site and the TATA box element. Comparison of the Gθadh promoter with the corresponding Ssadh (adh from S. solfataricus) and RC3adh (adh from Sulfolobus RC3) also revealed the presence of two putative regulatory inverted repeats at the 5′ of the TATA element. Northern blot analysis and enzymatic assays demonstrated that the transcription and expression of the Gθadh gene is regulated by different carbon and energy sources or by the natural substrate of the ADH enzyme.
Roots. Use of the <i>HPRT</i> gene and the HAT selection technique in DNA‐mediated transformation of mammalian cells: First steps toward developing hybridoma techniques and gene therapy (1992)

In 1956, I decided to apply my experience in microbial genetics to developing analogous systems for human cell lines, including the selection of mutants with either a loss or gain of a biochemical function. For instance, mutants resistant to azahypoxanthine showed a loss of the HPRT enzyme (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase), whereas gain of the same enzyme was accomplished by blocking de novo purine biosynthesis with aminopterin, while supplying hypoxanthine and thymine (HAT selection). Using HAT selection, we: (i) genetically transformed HPRT- mutant cells to HPRT+ wild type by using DNA extracted from HPRT+ cells, and (ii) selected HPRT+ hybrid cells by fusing HPRT- D98/AH2 cells with skin cells. These approaches, which we dubbed in 1962 as a 'first step toward gene therapy', contributed to the later development of (i) cell fusion techniques, (ii) the development of monoclonal antibodies, (iii) routine transformation of mammalian cells with cloned genes, and (iv) methods for creating transgenic organisms.
Chemical and Chemotaxonomical Studies of Filices. LXVI. : Chemical Studies on the Constituents of Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes CHING and P. esquirolii CHING (Organic) (1986)

From the fronds of Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes CHING and P. esquirolii CHING, a new flavanone glycoside (2S)-eriodictyol 7-O-methylether 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (I) and maltol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (V) were isolated. Besides them, from the former a new glycoside 5-hydroxymaltol 5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (II) and (2E, 6E)-(10S)-2, 6, 10-trimethyl-2, 6-11-dodecatriene-1, 10-diol (12-hydroxynerolidol) (III) were isolated and from the latter astragalin and shikimic acid were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis of Near-Infrared Absorbing Bisquarylium Dyes Bearing Unsymmetrically Extended π-Conjugation Structures (2002)

Novel cationic bisquarylium dyes 3 and 4 were prepared by the reaction of benzothiazolinosquarylium dye 2 with a series of 4-substituted 3-hydroxy or 3-ethoxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-diones. These dyes exhibit large and intense absorptions in the near-infrared region with varying absorption maxima in the range of 771 to 815 nm.
eCodonOpt: a systematic computational framework for optimizing codon usage in directed evolution experiments (2002)

We present a systematic computational framework, eCodonOpt, for designing parental DNA sequences for directed evolution experiments through codon usage optimization. Given a set of homologous parental proteins to be recombined at the DNA level, the optimal DNA sequences encoding these proteins are sought for a given diversity objective. We find that the free energy of annealing between the recombining DNA sequences is a much better descriptor of the extent of crossover formation than sequence identity. Three different diversity targets are investigated for the DNA shuffling protocol to showcase the utility of the eCodonOpt framework: (i) maximizing the average number of crossovers per recombined sequence; (ii) minimizing bias in family DNA shuffling so that each of the parental sequence pair contributes a similar number of crossovers to the library; and (iii) maximizing the relative frequency of crossovers in specific structural regions. Each one of these design challenges is formulated as a constrained optimization problem that utilizes 0-1 binary variables as on/off switches to model the selection of different codon choices for each residue position. Computational results suggest that many-fold improvements in the crossover frequency, location and specificity are possible, providing valuable insights for the engineering of directed evolution protocols.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics (2014)

The characteristic composition of the intestinal microbiota of breast-fed neonates is due to the presence of particular substances in human milk. This chapter aims to identify the components that are able to promote the prebiotic effect in human milk, and is oriented towards modifying the composition of infant formulas in order to obtain an intestinal microbiota similar to that of breast-fed babies. It discusses history, synthesis, structure, metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). No natural substances have the same biochemical composition as that of HMO, nor can they be synthesized in large quantities at acceptable prices. To overcome these problems, the industry has focused on the production of several carbohydrates, so-called nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO), which, although having compositions different from those of HMO, are able to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the colon, reproducing the prebiotic effects of HMO. In conclusion, data related to the use of NDO in infant formulas clearly show the efficacy of galactooligosaccharides (GOS)/inulin mixtures, the capacity of GOS to induce a bifidogenic effect, even if in only a small number of studies, and the positive effects of FOS at a concentration of 4.0 g/liter on the intestinal microbiota. It has been demonstrated that, due to the presence of resistant bonds in their molecules, NDO are able to exert a prebiotic effect. This further confirms that, because of their peculiar structure, HMO have a very significant role in modulating the intestinal microbiota of neonates.
Rehosting of Bacterial Chaperones for High-Quality Protein Production (2009)

Coproduction of DnaK/DnaJ in Escherichia coli enhances solubility but promotes proteolytic degradation of their substrates, minimizing the yield of unstable polypeptides. Higher eukaryotes have orthologs of DnaK/DnaJ but lack the linked bacterial proteolytic system. By coexpression of DnaK and DnaJ in insect cells with inherently misfolding-prone recombinant proteins, we demonstrate simultaneous improvement of soluble protein yield and quality and proteolytic stability. Thus, undesired side effects of bacterial folding modulators can be avoided by appropriate rehosting in heterologous cell expression systems.
Synthesis of 5‐methylfuro[3,2‐<i>b</i>]pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid (1978)

Abstract Oxidation of 3‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐hydroxymethylpyridine with manganese dioxide yielded the corresponding aldehyde, the condensation of which with diethyl bromomalonate furnished hydroxydihydrofuro[3,2‐ b ]pyridinediearboxylie acid ester. Saponification of the diester with concentrated hydrochloric acid afforded the hydrochloride of 5‐methylfuro[3,2‐ b ]pyrjdine car‐boxylic acid.
Selective Induction of the Monocyte-Attracting Chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Infected Human Monocytes (2000)

It is characteristic of viral infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue, and neutrophils are absent. CC and non-ELR CXC chemokines predominantly attract mononuclear leukocytes, whereas the ELR motif-expressing CXC chemokines primarily act on neutrophils. To investigate the general role of chemokines in viral diseases, we determined their release and expression patterns after infection of human monocytes with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Human monocytes were productively infected by VSV. Surprisingly, VSV did not induce the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6. In contrast, we found a strong induction of the CC chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and the non-ELR CXC chemokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by VSV on the gene and protein level. The expression and release of the neutrophil chemoattractants IL-8 and growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) remained unaffected after VSV infection. Our results indicate that the typical monocyte and lymphocyte-dominated leukocyte infiltration of virus-infected tissue is based on a selective induction of mononuclear leukocyte-attracting chemokines.
Research on the digital sensor based on STM32 for leakage current (2016)

n this paper, a new type of digital leakage current sensor based on STM32 platform is developed. It is in a high precision simulation based on leakage current sensor by digitization and improvement, using CAN bus for data communication, real-time display clear, has the ability to meet the independent and comprehensive treatment of treatment with multiple other the same sensor, accurate detection, response fast, safe and reliable data communication lines. Is a kind of current advanced digital sensor for leakage current.
A single base insertion in the putative transmembrane domain of the tyrosinase gene as a cause for tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism. (1991)

We have determined a molecular defect to be the likely basis for inactivity of the tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) from a patient with tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism. A single base (thymine) was inserted in exon 5 of the tyrosinase gene following codon 471 in the putative transmembrane coding region. This insertion caused a shift in the reading frame of 19 amino acids at the 3' end and introduced a premature termination signal that would be expected to truncate the protein by 21 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus. The albino tyrosinase was not recognized by antibodies directed to the carboxyl terminus of tyrosinase. Furthermore, as shown by gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitated protein, the tyrosinase was approximately 3 kDa smaller than normal. Similar immunoprecipitation data were obtained when cloned normal and mutant tyrosinases were expressed in COS-1 cells.
Micro-impedance cytometry (2010)

Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a non-invasive and label free technique that allows for rapid counting and characterisation of particles in suspension based on their response to applied AC potentials. In recent years, lab-on-a-chip technologies have been developed to enable single-cell impedance detection and a wide range of impedance-based microfluidic devices have been reported. Despite the number of contributions and the achievements of this field, micro-impedance cytometry still suffers from a lack of sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional flow cytometry, which limits the potential commercialization of microfluidic impedance devices. While impedance measurements of beads and cells are well established, discrimination between particles that are very similar in size or detection of small particles (around 1 ?m in diameter) such as bacteria, still represents a difficult task. A number of issues limit the sensitivity and specificity of these microfluidic systems. Primarily, the sensitivity is governed by the dimension of the sample analysis volume. A small volume gives a high sensitivity, but this can lead to practical problems, including fabrication and clogging of the device. In addition, the spatial location of each particle needs to be controlled accurately within the field. Therefore, an efficient and accurate method for focussing the particles in the centre of the electric field is important. In this thesis, a micro-impedance cytometer for the detection of small particles and bacteria and for the discrimination of particles that are very similar in size is presented. The device consists of a microfluidic channel where two pairs of microfabricated electrodes are provided to perform differential measurements of single particles in suspension at high speed. Different electrode configurations and different techniques for focussing the sample within the detection region of the device are investigated in order to improve the sensitivity of the system without reducing the dimensions of the microfluidic channel. Detection at a volume ratio of particle to an estimated sensing volume of 0.007% and discrimination of 1 ?m and 2 ?m diameter polystyrene beads and E. coli are demonstrated. The micro-impedance cytometer is also proven to be a reliable and effective system to investigate and determine the unknown dielectric properties of particles in suspension, such as polyelectrolyte microcapsules
Reactions of orthoesters of titanium. III. Reactions of Ethyl and Isopropyl Titanates with α‐hydroxy carboxylic acids (1960)

Abstract Stepwise replacement of alkyl groups of ethyl and isopropyl titanates by acyl groups of lactic, mandelic, and salicylic acids has been investigated by taking the reactants in predetermined stoichiometric proportions and causing them to react in refluxing benzene. The number of alkyl groups replaced was determined by estimating the alcohol liberated in the reaction and by analysing the reaction product. When the alkyl titanates are acted upon by 2 moles of these acids, salicylic acid liberates 4 moles of alcohol (per mole alkyl titanate) whereas remaining two acids displace only 3 or 3.5 moles of alcohol. Thus di‐lactate and mandelate derivatives appear to withhold very firmly the remaining alkoxy group. However, with 3 moles (or higher proportions) of these acids, alkyl titanates yield, in every case, an equimolecular mixture of di‐ and tri‐acylates. The lactate and mandelate products are white solids, but the salicylates are orange or deep red in colour. Mono‐lactate, salicylate and mandelate derivatives are soluble in benzene, whereas the equimolecular mixture of di‐ and tri‐lactate dissolves in water without precipitation of titanium hydroxide.
The Cathode Drop in an Electric Arc (1929)

By making the assumption that the total cathode drop occurs in a distance less than one mean free path from the cathode, Poisson's equation can be solved. If the experimental values of 4000 amperes per square centimeter, and 10 volts are used for the current density at the cathode, and the cathode drop in a mercury arc, values for the electric field existing at the surface of the cathode can be determined for varying percentages of the current carried by positive ions. If 5% of the current at the cathode is carried by positive ions, the field existing at the surface of the cathode exceeds 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ volts per cm. This is probably sufficient to furnish the necessary electron current by "field" currents produced by this high field. The whole cathode drop occurs within a distance of approximately 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ centimeters, so that the original assumption is justified.
Raman image study of flash-lamp annealing of ion-implanted silicon (1995)

Raman image measurements have been carried out to characterize the spatial variation in the crystallinity of silicon crystals which are ion-implanted and subsequently flash-lamp annealed. The spatial distributions of the peak frequency, band width, and normalized intensity (Raman parameters) have been examined for samples lamp annealed at different temperatures from 600 to 1100 °C. For specimens annealed at temperatures higher than 800 °C, the Raman parameters are constant and the same as those of silicon crystals in almost all areas. However, in sparse regions with a few micron in size, a broad band shifted to the lower frequency side of the crystalline band is observed. The Raman parameters of the broad band change with location within the small region. These results of the Raman imaging, together with the result of transmission electron microscopy, show that these small areas correspond to high defect density clusters located in the outer surface of the annealed layer. It is concluded that the high density of defects within the clusters introduces the shift and broadening of the band relevant to the clusters.
Meeting Nanometer DPM Requirements Through DFT (2005)

As nanometer technology has increased the functionality of integrated circuits, so has it also presented challenges to acceptable yield levels. With defects per million (DPM) rates increasing, designers and manufacturers are looking for ways to enhance yield outcome. Improvements can be made by screening for defects more efficiently or by eliminating the issues leading to defects, which is the basis for any design for manufacturing (DFM) methodology. Standard test practices have become less effective for nanometer designs. However, advanced test methods show improvements can be made in three areas: increased defect coverage, increased yield learning and decreased cost.
Optimal trajectory planning for industrial robot along a specified path with payload constraint using trigonometric splines (2012)

This paper presents a general methodology for the offline planning of trajectory of a six axis serial robot along a specified path. The objective of trajectory planning is to minimise a cost function when subjected to joint angles, joint velocities, acceleration, jerks, torques and gripping force constraints by considering dynamic of the robot. A trigonometric spline is used to represent the trajectory. This non-linear constrained optimisation problem consists of 6 objectives, 67 constraints and 48 variables. The cost function is a weighted balance of travelling time, actuator torques, singularity avoidance, joint jerks, joint accelerations and gripping force. The optimisation problem is solved by using two methods, namely sequential quadratic programming and genetic algorithm. The proposed methodology is implemented for trajectory planning of six degree of freedom industrial robot and results obtained with two optimisation techniques are compared.
Cost-efficient and QoS-aware content management in media cloud: Implementation and evaluation (2015)

Adaptive bitrate streaming has been proposed to encode video contents into multiple versions for device heterogeneity and changing network conditions. This solution, however, could consume enormous computing and storage resource. In fact, only a small fraction of videos are frequently requested. Thus, caching multiple versions for unpopular contents is not cost efficient. In this paper, we design a cost-efficient and QoS-aware content management system for video streaming. The system consists of a set of streaming servers and a computing cluster, where streaming servers can cache video contents or transcode them in real time, and the computing cluster can perform transcoding tasks on behalf of streaming servers. Based on this architecture, to provide cost-efficient and QoS-aware video service, first, we design a cost-efficient content cache management module to minimize the operational cost, by dynamically determining whether a segment should be cached or transcoded on fly according to their popularity. Second, to reduce transcoding latency, we design a QoS-aware transcoding task delegation module to determine whether a transcoding task in streaming server should be delegated to the computing cluster according to the streaming server's workload. We implement the system and evaluate the performance in a real environment. The results demonstrate that our method can greatly reduce the operational cost and guarantee the QoS in providing video services.
Drag Reduction in Nature (1991)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More