gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serotonin-Mediated Endocytosis of apCAM: an Early Step of Learning-Related Synaptic Growth in <i>Aplysia</i> (1992)

The long-term facilitation of synaptic efficacy that is induced by serotonin in dissociated cell cultures of sensory and motor neurons of Aplysia is accompanied by the growth of new synaptic connections. This growth is associated with a down-regulation in the sensory neuron of Aplysia cell adhesion molecules (apCAMs). To examine the mechanisms of this down-regulation, thin-section electron microscopy was combined with immunolabeling by gold-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to apCAM. Within 1 hour, serotonin led to a 50% decrease in the density of gold-labeled complexes at the surface membrane of the sensory neuron. This down-regulation was achieved by a heterologous, protein synthesis-dependent activation of the endosomal pathway, which leads to internalization and apparent degradation of apCAM. The internalization is particularly prominent at sites where the processes of the sensory neurons contact one another and may act there to destabilize process-to-process contacts that normally inhibit growth. In turn, the endocytic activation may lead to a redistribution of membrane components to sites where new synapses form.
Binaural noise reduction for hearing AIDS (2002)

Noise reduction algorithms have been proposed that try to imitate some aspects of the binaural information processing in the human hearing system by using two microphones at both ears and a central processor. Based on a two channel input, it is theoretically possible to cancel one interfering directional noise source at a time. Due to the relatively large distance between microphones, it should additionally be possible to detect and cancel reverberation based on coherence measures. In practice however, no significant increase in speech intelligibility has been shown so far with these schemes in acoustically complex environments characterized by diffuse noise and reverberation. This paper summarizes these results for a review. Furthermore, a localization algorithm is introduced, which uses a statistical description of the binaural signal differences in order to increase the robustness in estimating sound source incident directions in noisy environments. Possible noise reduction schemes based on this localization algorithm are discussed.
Long-Range Order in N<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>C1. (1970)

The K beam tracks were erroneously given as K" s. This error does not affect
Volatile elements in magmatic systems (1992)

At four sessions on volatile elements in magmatic systems, held at the AGU 1992 Spring Meeting in Montreal, a diverse group of researchers discussed the various roles of volatiles in igneous systems, from the solution of volatiles into silicate crystals and melts to the quantitative modeling of volatile exsolution resulting in volcanic eruptions or formation of magmatic ore deposits. Each session concentrated on one or two topics and began with invited presentations by established experts.
The use of bovine serum albumin to improve the RT-qPCR detection of foodborne viruses rinsed from vegetable surfaces (2010)

This study clearly demonstrates the potency of PCR inhibitors generated during routine virus concentration from produce and that it can be alleviated by the addition of BSA to the RT-qPCRs. Although used elsewhere, the addition of BSA to PCRs is not a common practice in this growing field of research.
Investigation of RF transmission properties of human tissues (2006)

Abstract. RF transmission properties of human tissues were investigated in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 1 GHz. This work was motivated by the increasing interest in communication links between medically active implants and external interrogator units. We investigated theoretically and experimentally the transmission loss between an implant and an external interrogator unit. We assumed that due to the size of the implant a maximum area of only 1 cm2 is available for the printed circuit antenna. The size of the external interrogator antenna is less restricted. The maximum depth of the implant beneath the surface of the body was assumed to be 10 cm. For the simulations we took the dielectric properties of skin, fat and muscle as published in the literature. For the measurements, an artificial muscle dielectric proposed in the literature was used consisting mainly of a mixture of water, sugar and salt. In simulation and measurements the reactive part of the impedance of the antennas was compensated numerically. In simulations and measurements we obtained a transmission loss between 30 dB around 100 MHz and 65 dB around 900 MHz.
A Model Describing Steam Circulation in Horizontal Wellbores (1993)

Summary A model to evaluate heat losses, steam quality, and pressure profiles during steam circulation in a horizontal wellbore was developed. The model simulates countercurrent flow stream and accounts for the interactions of heat transfer, fluid flow, phase changes, slippage between steam and water, and flow regime changes. Development of this model arose from a need to determine the wellbore heat-loss distribution during the warm-up phase in Mobil Oil Canada's (Mocan's) horizontal well at Cold Lake. Results from the model were verified with actual field data.
Performance bounds for estimating three-dimensional motion parameters from a sequence of noisy images (1989)

The problem considered here involves the use of a sequence of monocular images of a three-dimensional moving object to estimate both its structure and kinematics. The object is assumed to be rigid, and its motion is assumed to be smooth. A set of object match points is assumed to be available, consisting of fixed features on the object, the image plane coordinates of which have been extracted from successive images in the sequence. The measured data are the noisy image plane coordinates of this set of object match points, taken from each image in the sequence. In previous papers [ IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.PAMI-8, 90 ( 1986); in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Motion: Representation and Analysis ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1986), p. 95; in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1986), p. 176] we discussed model-based approaches for motion and structure estimation from a long sequence of images. We examine here the performance of such techniques by using a Cramér–Rao lower bounds on the estimation error variance. This method permits a priori prediction of estimation accuracy as a function of a number of factors, including the number of images in the sequence, the time at which each image is made, the number of feature points used, the image-plane noise level, and the type of motion that is involved. Theoretical performance predictions are compared with the statistics of Monte Carlo simulation, and it is shown that the actual estimation accuracy is close to the Cramér–Rao bounds in most cases. These results also show that noisy sequences with fewer than four images often do not contain enough information to permit accurate estimation of motion and structure parameters. This conclusion is consistent with the observed instability of so-called two-frame estimation methods in the presence of noise.
Estimating the Parameters of Undamped Exponential Signals (1993)

A nonlinear eigenvalue method is proposed for estimating the parameters of undamped exponential signals when the parameters are complex-valued. Such data arise in several areas of application, including communications radio location of objects, seismic signal processing, and computer-assisted medical diagnosis. Osborne proposed a method to estimate the parameters of exponential models when the parameters are real-valued. The method is generalized to the complex-parameters case. It is shown to perform better than existing methods due to Tufts and Kumaresan and Bai, Krishnaiah, and Zhao in the sense of having lower mean-squared errors. A simulation study showed that the observed mean-squared errors are close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound for frequency estimates.
Visual Acuity Loss in Retinitis Pigmentosa (1990)

We compared visual acuity with visual field radius in 235 patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa and no evidence of other visual acuity-limiting problems (such as cataract or foveal cystoid edema). Results show a strong relationship between visual acuity loss and proximity to the fovea of the visual field border (shortest distance from the foveal center to the border of the V-4-e isopter) for these patients. Ninety-six percent of patients with central visual field radii greater than 30 degrees have visual acuities of 20/40 or better; 32% of patients with central visual field radii smaller than 10 degrees have visual acuity of 20/40 or better.
Commercial demonstration of atmospheric medium BTU fuel gas production from biomass without oxygen the Burlington, Vermont Project (1995)

The first U.S. demonstration of a gas turbine operating on fuel gas produced by the thermal gasification of biomass occurred at Battelle Columbus Labs (BCL) during 1994 using their high throughput indirect medium Btu gasification Process Research Unit (PRU). Zurn/NEPCO was retained to build a commercial scale gas plant utilizing this technology. This plant will have a throughput rating of 8 to 12 dry tons per hour. During a subsequent phase of the Burlington project, this fuel gas will be utilized in a commercial scale gas turbine. It is felt that this process holds unique promise for economically converting a wide variety of biomass feedstocks efficiently into both a medium Btu (500 Btu/scf) gas turbine and IC engine quality fuel gas that can be burned in engines without modification, derating or efficiency loss. Others are currently demonstrating sub-commercial scale thermal biomass gasification processes for turbine gas, utilizing both atmospheric and pressurized air and oxygen-blown fluid bed processes. While some of these approaches hold merit for coal, there is significant question as to whether they will prove economically viable in biomass facilities which are typically scale limited by fuel availability and transportation logistics below 60 MW. Atmospheric air-blown technologies suffer frommore » large sensible heat loss, high gas volume and cleaning cost, huge gas compressor power consumption and engine deratings. Pressurized units and/or oxygen-blown gas plants are extremely expensive for plant scales below 250 MW. The FERCO/BCL process shows great promise for overcoming the above limitations by utilizing an extremely high throughout circulation fluid bed (CFB) gasifier, in which biomass is fully devolitalized with hot sand from a CFB char combustor. The fuel gas can be cooled and cleaned by a conventional scrubbing system. Fuel gas compressor power consumption is reduced 3 to 4 fold verses low Btu biomass gas.« less
Purification and characterization of a prothrombin activator from the venom of the Australian brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis textilis. (1988)

A simple procedure, involving chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and gel filtration, has been developed for the purification of a prothrombin activator from the venom of the Australian brown snake Pseudonaja textilis textilis. The prothrombin activator, which is a major venom component, is a high molecular weight protein (Mr greater than or equal to 200,000) which yields a number of subunits when examined by SDS-PAGE. It is related antigenically to the venom prothrombin activator of the taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus. P. textilis prothrombin activator is able to coagulate citrated plasma, warfarin plasma, and Factor V- and Factor X-deficient plasmas; to convert purified human prothrombin to thrombin; and to hydrolyse the peptide p-nitroanilide substrate S-2222. Calcium ions and phospholipids had little if any effect on the rates of coagulation of citrated plasma or S-2222 hydrolysis catalysed by this enzyme.
Packaging for the future (2012)

As the world's largest packaging company, it is only natural that Amcor would be faced with a future laced with sustainability issues. And rather than wait for industry to take a lead, it decided to get on the front foot.
A compact hybrid photodetector (HPD) (1997)

In order to be utilized in such application fields as high energy physics or medical imaging, where a huge number of photodetectors are assembled in designated small area, the world's smallest hybrid photodetector (HPD), the compact HPD, has been developed. The overall diameter and the length of the tube are 16 mm and 15 mm, respectively. The effective photocathode area is 8 mm in diameter. At applied voltage of -8 kV to the photocathode, the electron multiplication gain of a PD incorporated HPD (PD-HPD) is 1,600, and that of an APD (APD-HPD) is 65,000. In the pulse height distribution measurement, photoelectron peaks up to 6 photoelectrons are clearly distinguishable with the APD-HPD. Experiments established that there was no degradation of gain in magnetic fields up to 1.5 T, an important performance characteristic of the compact HPD for application in high energy physics.
Glutathiolation Regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Caspase-3 Cleavage and Apoptosis (2006)

Caspase-3 cleavage and activation are known to play central roles in apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate caspase-3 cleavage remain elusive. Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a ubiquitous redox molecule that is unique in its ability to regulate S-glutathiolation (glutathiolation) of proteins. Here we show the essential role of Grx in caspase-3 cleavage via regulation of caspase-3 glutathiolation. Grx activity was significantly upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in endothelial cells. Small interference RNA knock down of Grx significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelial cell death because of attenuated caspase-3 cleavage concomitant with increased caspase-3 glutathiolation. Enhanced caspase-3 cleavage by wild-type Grx overexpression was reversed by catalytically inactive Grx (C22S), demonstrating a requirement for thioltransferase activity. Cysteine-to-serine mutations (C163S, C184S, and C220S) of caspase-3 that were predicted to prevent glutathiolation showed increased cleavage compared with wild-type caspase-3. This inverse correlation between caspase-3 glutathiolation and cleavage was further confirmed by the observation that in vitro glutathiolation of caspase-3 inhibited its cleavage with recombinant caspase-8. Furthermore, Grx association with caspase-3 was decreased by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of caspase-3 regulation by Grx in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis.
The Molly Maguire Riots: Industrial Conflict in the Pennsylvania Coal Region (1937)

Journal Article The Molly Maguire Riots: Industrial Conflict in the Pennsylvania Coal Region. By J. Walter Coleman. (Richmond, Virginia: Garrett and Massie, Inc., 1936. x+189 pp. Frontispiece, map, and sources. $3.00.) Get access Donald L. McMurry Donald L. McMurry Russell Sage College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 23, Issue 4, March 1937, Pages 582–583, https://doi.org/10.2307/1886173 Published: 01 March 1937
Rate-adaptive Polar Codes Design for MLC NAND Flash Memory (2018)

In this paper, rate-adaptive polar codes design based on memory cell bits' Bhattacharyya parameters to further improve the storage efficiency of multi-level cell (MLC) is proposed for NAND flash memory. The code design takes advantages of the inherent characteristics of MLC flash memory channel to iteratively calculate the bhattacharyya parameter of each memory cell bit, where the punctured positions are selected by choosing the bits with higher Bhattacharyya parameters to construct rate-adaptive polar codes. The experimental evaluations show that polar codes with code rate 0.8 punctured by the proposed method for MLC NAND flash memory channel can achieve 4.6 dB performance gain in bit error rate (BER) 8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> over the random puncturing codes.
Preparation and some properties of the haemoglobin-binding protein of bovine blood. (1985)

Bovine haptoglobin was prepared from sera which showed peroxidase activity in the complex with haemoglobin. The procedure consisted of precipitation with ammonium sulphate at 0.5 saturation, affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B coupled to bovine apoglobin, and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. The preparation was heterogeneous, migrating in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 as four haemoglobin-binding bands. On immunoelectrophoresis with bovine antiserum the preparation formed a single precipitin arc with the mobility of alpha 2-globulin; the preparation was found to be a glycoprotein, the sugar moiety of which amounted to 16%.
Activation of buried p-GaN in MOCVD-regrown vertical structures (2018)

Thermal activation of buried p-type GaN is investigated in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-regrown vertical structures, where the buried p-GaN is re-passivated by hydrogen during regrowth. The activation is performed by exposing the buried p-GaN through etched sidewalls and characterized by reverse breakdown measurements on vertical diodes. The effect of the n-type doping level on the activation has been observed. After 725 °C/30 min annealing in a dry air environment, the buried p-GaN with a regrown unintentionally-doped (UID) capping layer is sufficiently activated due to significant Mg-incorporation in the UID layer, allowing for hydrogen up-diffusion. With an additional regrown n+-GaN capping layer (i.e., in n+/i/p-n diodes), only lateral diffusion of H out of the exposed mesa sidewall is permitted. A critical lateral dimension between 10 and 20 μm is found for the n+/i/p-n diodes, under which the buried p-GaN is sufficiently activated. The diodes with activated buried p-GaN achieved up to 1200 V breakdown voltage, indicating that over 28% of the Mg dopants is activated. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of sidewall p-GaN activation in achieving high breakdown voltage pertinent to GaN vertical power devices, while providing guidelines on the required device geometry.
Complications of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation using a femtosecond laser for channel creation: a survey of 850 eyes with keratoconus (2009)

In this study, intracorneal ring segment implantation using a femtosecond laser for channel creation was related to a number of complications. The most common complications were incomplete channel creation (intraoperatively) and segment migration (postoperatively).
Fructobacillus tropaeoli sp. nov., a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium isolated from a flower (2010)

A fructophilic lactic acid bacterium, designated strain F214-1(T), was isolated from a flower of Tropaeolum majus in South Africa. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain formed a subcluster with Fructobacillus ficulneus and Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus and, based on recA gene sequences, the strain formed a subcluster with F. ficulneus. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that strain F214-1(T) was phylogenetically distinct from its closest relatives. Acid was produced from the fermentation of d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol only. d-Fructose was the preferred sole carbon and energy source and was fermented more rapidly than d-glucose. Growth of the strain on d-glucose under anaerobic conditions was very weak but external electron acceptors such as oxygen and pyruvate enhanced growth on d-glucose. Lactic acid and acetic acid were produced from d-glucose in equimolar amounts. Ethanol was produced at very low levels, despite the strain's obligately heterofermentative metabolism. Based on these data, strain F214-1(T) represents a novel species of fructophilic bacteria in the genus Fructobacillus, for which the name Fructobacillus tropaeoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F214-1(T) ( = JCM 16675(T) = DSM 23246(T)).
Haplotype‐specific extraction: a universal method to resolve ambiguous genotypes and detect new alleles – demonstrated on HLA‐B (2007)

Haplotype-specific extraction (HSE) allows the collection of individual alleles by separating diploid samples into their haploid components. The separation step is performed using magnetic beads in conjunction with allele-group-specific probes. The haplo-separated DNA samples can be directly typed with downstream applications such as sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing, sequence-specific primer (SSP) typing, and sequence-based (SB) typing. Here we show that HSE permits the direct sequencing of an allele in its individual, separated state, including previously unknown alleles. Allele pair combinations that cannot be resolved by SSP, SSO, or generic SB typings can be unambiguously typed after the alleles are separated by HSE, which allows for new alleles to be easily detected without cloning. We show how HSE was performed to separate samples with locus-specific ambiguities in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B, which could not be resolved by means of generic SB typing for either sample. After haplotype-specific separation of the respective allele pairs, novel polymorphisms in the HLA-B*56 and HLA-B*44 alleles were clearly detected by SB typing.
About logical clocks for distributed systems (1992)

Memory space and processor time are basic resources when executing a program. But beside this implementation aspect (this time resource is necessary but does not belong to the program semantics), the concept of time presents a more fundamental facet in distributed systems namely causality relation between events. Put forward by Lamport in 1978, the logical nature of time is of primary importance when designing or analyzing distributed systems. This paper reviews three ways (linear time, vector time and matrix time) which have been proposed to capture causality between events of a distributed computation and which consequently allow to define logical time.
Coupled interaction of earthquake nucleation with deep Earth gases: a possible mechanism for seismo-electromagnetic phenomena (2012)

SUMMARY

The mechanisms of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena remain largely unexplained. To address this issue, we introduce a fault model that takes account of a coupled interaction between earthquake nucleation and deep Earth gases. This interaction causes a negatively electrified gas flow due to an exo-electron attachment reaction, as the gases pass through fractured asperities. This transient activity may be regarded to be a pressure-impressed electric current generator. In the model, the current and frequency are formulated as functions of earthquake parameters. The estimated current is sufficient to explain the seismic electromagnetic signals observed at ground level. A physical model of how current generation is coupled with ionospheric electromagnetic disturbances is explained in terms of magnetic induction coupling for strong offshore earthquakes, which may provide a plausible explanation of observed ionospheric electron enhancement prior to some recent offshore earthquakes. The model also suggests that geomagnetic observations close to an epicentre of a strong offshore earthquake may provide an effective means of detecting clear and identifiable precursor signals.