gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Rescues Functional Deficits in R6/2 and Q140 Huntington's Disease Mice (2017)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder with no disease-modifying treatment. Expansion of the glutamine-encoding repeat in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene causes broad effects that are a challenge for single treatment strategies. Strategies based on human stem cells offer a promising option. We evaluated efficacy of transplanting a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cell (hNSC) line into striatum of HD modeled mice. In HD fragment model R6/2 mice, transplants improve motor deficits, rescue synaptic alterations, and are contacted by nerve terminals from mouse cells. Furthermore, implanted hNSCs are electrophysiologically active. hNSCs also improved motor and late-stage cognitive impairment in a second HD model, Q140 knockin mice. Disease-modifying activity is suggested by the reduction of aberrant accumulation of mutant HTT protein and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in both models. These findings hold promise for future development of stem cell-based therapies.
Utilizing zero crossover points in the near infrared reflectance analysis of industrial polymers (1986)

Abstract Near infrared reflectance methods were developed for the analysis of polymer pellets and films. Second derivative spectra were used to minimize the effects of scattering and to enhance spectral features. Zero crossover points, places in the derivative spectra where there is negligible response to concentration changes, were employed to minimize interferences at the measuring wavelengths. Two examples illustrate the utility of this technique for industrial quality assurance analyses. The examples include the measurement of three hydrocarbon polymers, directly in transparent pellets, and the determination of 0.1% MEK in an acrylic film. Precision and accuracy were found to be at least equal to that of other methods, and time savings were considerable.
An efficient directory system for document retrieval (1991)

This paper introduces a file shown that this structure achieves a better overall performance than inverted files, standard B-trees, and other directory structures.
On the security of the Blockchain Bix Protocol and Certificates (2016)

The BIX protocol is a blockchain-based protocol that allows distribution of certificates linking a subject with his public key, hence providing a service similar to that of a PKI but without the need of a CA. In this paper we analyze the security of the BIX protocol in a formal way, in four steps. First, we identify formal security assumptions which are well-suited to this protocol. Second, we present some attack scenarios against the BIX protocol. Third, we provide a formal security proof that some of these attacks are not feasible under our previously established assumptions. Finally, we show how another attack may be carried on.
Photodynamic therapy: shedding light on restenosis (2001)

The major limitation of the long term success of percutaneous coronary interventions is the development of restenosis, which occurs in 30–50% of patients within six months.1 2 Restenosis is the result of a complex pathophysiological process in the arterial wall in response to balloon dilatation or stent insertion. For many years the hallmark of this response to injury was considered to be the development of intimal hyperplasia resulting from the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells from the arterial media.3More recently, it has become clear that this is not the only factor involved. Other key aspects in the development of the restenotic lesion are the extracellular matrix, elastic vessel recoil, and arterial remodelling.4 While our understanding of the processes induced by balloon injury has improved, treatment strategies to limit this have been disappointing in clinical practice.5Stenting, which is now used in up to 80% of all coronary interventional procedures, has almost eliminated problems from elastic recoil and has reduced restenosis rates, but neointimal hyperplasia around stent struts can still lead to in-stent restenosis.6 

Intracoronary brachytherapy is one technique that has proved promising in the prevention of restenosis using either catheter based systems for radiation delivery or radioactive stents.7 Concerns have been expressed about late thrombotic occlusion after brachytherapy.8 However, the prolonged use of antiplatelet drugs may control this problem. Brachytherapy is probably the best option for treating restenosis currently available. Nevertheless, it would be attractive to find a method of preventing restenosis after percutaneous intervention that does not involve ionising radiation or prolonged drug treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which in contrast to brachytherapy uses non-ionising radiation, is emerging as another possible strategy.

PDT involves the interaction of a photosensitising drug, light, and tissue oxygen9 (fig 1). Photosensitising agents, many …
An electrical marine vibrator with a flextensional shell: DECEMBER 2005 DRAFT (2006)

AbstractA completely new electro-mechanical marine vibroseis concept is introduced that uses a flextensional shell with a uniquely developed form. Two controllable output resonances achieve a very high efficiency and repeatability, with a typical frequency bandwidth of 6 -100 Hz. The marine vibrator can be used as a standard towed acoustic source in shallow water or as a stationary source in transition zone environments. Of particular significance, the vibrator requires only an electrical power supply, cannot leak hydraulic fluids, is easily transported, and is suitable for applications requiring very low environmental impact.KeywordsVibratorenvironmentmonitoringsourceshallow water
Las políticas públicas: caraácter y condiciones vinculantes (2000)

La discusion en torno al desarrollo del estudio de las publicas, desde los trabajos precursores de Harold D. Laswell, es ya abundante en varios paises y se han senalado algunas de sus limitaciones. Sin embargo, el estudio de lo que se puede llamar condiciones interactivas macro en (y por) las que operan y fluyen las politicas publicas no ha sido especialmente destacado, si bien hay diversos trabajos que abordan desde otras perspectivas la relevancia de cada una de ellas. Nuestra hipotesis acerca del caracter vinculante de la naturaleza de las politicas publicas destaca, por ello, el sistema politico, la esfera publica y la participacion ciudadana como un tipo de condiciones que estan asociadas a procesos democraticos consolidados que facilitan la interaccion entre gobernantes y gobernados. Ciertamente estas condiciones -del mismo modo que la ciencia y la tecnica- no constituyen por si solas una garantia suficiente para una planeacion y una implantacion adecuadas o exitosas de las politicas publicas
Kinetics of chlorotrifluoroethylene polymerization (1953)

Abstract An exploratory investigation of the kinetics of the polymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene (I) has been made. Experiments were conducted in bulk, in solution in several solvents, and in the presence of several comonomers. Acetyl peroxide (II) was found to be the most effective of common initiators and was used in most of the experiments. The sealed empoule technique was employed. The bulk polymerization of I is zero order to 60–80% conversion; the rate varies as the 0.7 to 0.8 power of the acetyl peroxide concentration, and the over‐all activation energy is 17 kcal./mole. The solution polymerization in benzene appears to be first order in monomer; in other solvents the order was not ascertained. The rate and activation energy in solution are solvent dependent and there appears to be an inverse relationship between the rate of polymerization of I in a solvent and the rate of decomposition of II in that solvent. The rate of decomposition of II was measured in a number of solvents and found to vary widely and to parallel, roughly, the rate of decomposition of benzoyl peroxide. The polymerization rate of I in solution is also c. 0.7 order in acetyl peroxide, but was 0.5 order in Porofor N in limited experiments. From copolymerization experiments with styrene, vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate values of Q of 0.025, 0.025, and 0.016, and of e of 1.4, 2.0, 1.4, respectively, were inferred, in the Q – e scheme of Alfrey and Price. These results above are discussed in the light of polymerization theory.
A monolithic long wavelength photoreceiver using heterojunction bipolar transistors (1991)

An optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC), consisting of a p-i-n photodetector and heterojunction bipolar transistors connected together as a transimpedance photoreceiver, has been fabricated. The monolithic photoreceiver was made from InP/InGaAs-based heterostructures and had a bandwidth of 500 MHz with a transimpedance of 1375 Omega . At a signaling rate of 1 Gb/s, the measured receiver sensitivity was -26.1 dBm at a wavelength of 1.5 mu m. A dynamic range greater than 25 dB and an equivalent input noise current of 11 pA square root Hz were also measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increasing Students' Achievement and Interest in Reading. (1998)

Teachers of literacy have two major goals; to help their students become able readers and to help instill in their students the desire to read. This article reports a one year study in a fourth grade classroom to help students in both areas. The reading program in this fourth grade classroom included silent reading time, choices of reading materials, sharing of literature, and appropriate adult modeling of reading. Results included increases in reading rates, comprehension, vocabulary, and amount of reading accomplished by the students. Recommendations for teachers are provided based on findings of the study.
Recycling Cellulases during the Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded and Ethanol Pretreated Lodgepole Pine (2007)

Recycling of cellulases is one way of reducing the high cost of enzymes during the bioconversion process. The effects of surfactant addition on enzymatic hydrolysis and the potential recycling of cellulases were studied during the hydrolysis of steam exploded Lodgepole pine (SELP) and ethanol pretreated Lodgepole pine (EPLP). Three cellulase preparations (Celluclast, Spezyme CP, and MSUBC) were evaluated to determine their hydrolysis efficiencies over multiple rounds of recycling. The surfactant, Tween 80, significantly increased the yield from 63% to 86% during the hydrolysis of the SELP substrate. The addition of surfactant to the hydrolysis of the EPLP substrate increased the free enzymes in the supernatant from 71% of the initial protein to 96%. Based on the Langmuir adsorption constants, cellulases (Celluclast and Spezyme CP) from Trichoderma reesei showed a higher affinity (3.48 mL/mg and 3.17 mL/mg) for the EPLP substrate than did the Penicillium enzyme (0.62 mg/mg). The Trichoderma reesei enzyme was used in four successive rounds of enzyme recycling using surfactant addition and readsorption onto fresh substrates during the hydrolysis of EPLP. In contrast, the Penicillium-derived enzyme preparation (MSUBC) could only be recycled once. When the same recycling strategy was carried out using the SELP substrate, the hydrolysis yield declined during each enzyme recycling round. These results suggested that the higher lignin content of the SELP substrate, and the low affinity of cellulases for the SELP substrate limited enzyme recycling by readsorption onto fresh substrates.
Protein C inhibitor. Purification from human plasma and characterization. (1983)

Protein C inhibitor was isolated from human plasma using conventional chromatographic technique consisting of barium citrate adsorption, polyethylene glycol fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, dextran sulfate-agarose chromatography, gel filtration on ACA-44, and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. The purified protein C inhibitor is a single polypeptide chain with an apparent Mr = 57,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The inhibitor is heterogeneous in pI: six pIs exist between pH 7.4 and 8.6. The inhibitor was shown to be different from the already known plasma protease inhibitors by chemical and immunological analyses. It migrates to the late alpha 1-globulin region on agarose gel electrophoresis. The inhibitor reduced the amidolytic activity of activated protein C noncompetitively by forming a 1:1 molar complex with the enzyme, determined by the use of a fluorogenic substrate toward activated protein C (Boc-Leu-Ser-Thr-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide). The inhibition constant (Ki) of the inhibitor against activated protein C was 5.8 x 10(-8) M. The inhibitor also blocked the prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time by activated protein C. The immunoglobulin which was produced by the inhibitor completely removed the inhibitory activity present in normal human plasma against activated protein C. This suggests that the inhibitor which we have isolated is the only inhibitor in plasma against activated protein C.
<title>Cell enumeration and characterization in microvolume laser scanning cytometry: a multicolor image-processing package</title> (2000)

MLSC is an alternative to flow cytometry that has many advantages in clinical environments such as minimal sample preparation, low sample volume, and direct measurement of absolute cell counts. However, MLSC requires an added image- processing step to produce the industry-standard FCS output format. The image processing program needs to handle multiple binary images, representing different detection channels; it needs to determine the background fluorescence level in each channel; the overall noise in each channel such that it can enumerate cell from noise; it needs to ignore extraneous signal such as bubbles, dust particles and other artifacts; and it needs to characterize each recognized cell to report parameters such as weighted flux, size, ellipticity, and ratios and correlations between the signal in other channels at the same location. We have developed an image processing solution, SurroImage that meets the above criteria and performs well in a clinical research setting.
Photochemical additions of alkenes to phthalimides. Mechanistic investigations on the stereochemistry of alkene additions and the effect of aryl substituents on the regiochemistry of alkene additions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical additions of alkenes to phthalimides. Mechanistic investigations on the stereochemistry of alkene additions and the effect of aryl substituents on the regiochemistry of alkene additionsP. H. Mazzocchi, P. Wilson, F. Khachik, L. Klingler, and S. MinamikawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 18, 2981–2989Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00166a009Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1975Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of 1.5 and 3 T BOLD MR to Study Oxygenation of Kidney Cortex and Medulla in Human Renovascular Disease (2009)

These results indicate that blood oxygen level dependent MR measurements at high field strength can better distinguish discrete cortical and inner medullary regions of the kidney and approximate measured differences in oxygen tension. Maneuvers that reduce oxygen consumption related to tubular solute transport allow functional evaluation of the interstitial compartment as a function of tissue oxygenation. Impaired response to alterations in oxygen consumption can be detected at 3 T more effectively than at 1.5 T and may provide real-time tools to examine developing parenchymal injury associated with impaired oxygenation.
Developing a tool to assist electronic facilitation of decision-making groups (2003)

One resource playing a critical role in electronically supported decision making groups is the facilitator. Facilitation is a complex task, encompassing social abilities, pre-meeting planning of decision making processes and supervising the technology usage during meetings. We found two problems with previous support to electronic facilitation: (1) limited support to planning activities; and (2) limited support to remote facilitation. The Facilitation Tool was developed to address these two issues. The tool was built around a comprehensive decision making model, contributing with design patterns to planning activities. The Facilitation Tool also provides a set of techniques to support remote meetings, allowing facilitators to steer and focus group participants, analyse and understand issues, and moderate conflicting or chaotic situations.
Human gamma delta T cells recognize heat shock protein-60 on oral tumor cells (1999)

In the present investigations, gammadelta T cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of oral cancer patients and analyzed for their immunophenotype and cytotoxic potential. Flow-cytometric analysis revealed a dominant population expressing Vgamma9 and Vdelta2 T-cell receptors. In a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay, activated gammadelta T cells showed specific cytotoxicity against Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells and fresh oral tumor cells. Cold target competition assays demonstrated that gammadelta T cells recognize a common ligand on Daudi and oral tumor cells. Expression of heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) molecules was detected on the surface of Daudi as well as oral tumor cells by flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation of surface biotinylated cells by anti-hsp60 monoclonal antibody (MAb). Such MAbs brought about a significant inhibition of cytotoxicity of gammadelta T cells against Daudi and oral tumor cells. The results suggest that gammadelta T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of oral cancer patients have the ability to lyse oral tumor cells. The lysis of oral tumor cells occurs via recognition of hsp60 on the surface of oral tumor cells.
Design and implementation of a scalable intrusion detection system for the protection of network infrastructure (2002)

This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimentation of the JiNao intrusion detection system (IDS) which focuses on the protection of the network routing infrastructure. We used the open shortest path first (OSPF) routing protocol as an implementation example to illustrate our IDS design. However, the system architecture is generic enough that the JiNao IDS can be used for protecting other protocols. The system features attack prevention and intrusion detection with tightly integrated network management components. The prevention module functions like a firewall which consists of a small set of rules. Both misuse (protocol analysis) and anomaly (statistical based) approaches are implemented as detection mechanisms in order to handle both known and unknown attacks. Four OSPF attacks (i.e., MaxSeq, MaxAge, Seq++, and LSID attacks) have been developed for evaluating JiNao's detecting capability. Furthermore, an SNMP based network management interface has been designed and implemented such that the JiNao IDS can be easily integrated with existing network management systems.
Masked M-QAM OFDM: A simple approach for enhancing the security of OFDM systems (2009)

This paper investigates the secure transmission of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals, masked under non-orthogonal FDM signals of approximately the same overall bandwidth. Carrier orthogonality of traditional OFDM is intentionally violated in order to generate an encrypted signal at the physical layer, without any loss in bandwidth efficiency or extra overhead. A symmetric secret key is used for the modulation of part of the FDM signal while the original information symbol modulates the remaining carriers. The encrypted FDM signal generation takes place in an IFFT stage by simple truncation of part of its output. At the receiver, a straightforward suppression of the induced Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) is performed before the OFDM demodulator, based on knowledge of the secret key. The key holder subsequently uses the traditional OFDM FFT demodulator to extract the information symbol. We demonstrate that an eavesdropper cannot demodulate the transmitted FDM signal by reduced complexity detection methods due to its severe ill-conditioning. Conversely, they have to rely on vectorial Maximum Likelihood detection of exponential complexity. Furthermore, in real noisy environments the eavesdropper detection capability is further affected by the abrupt shrinking of the FDM demodulator detection regions.
The Area of Contact Between Rough Surfaces and Flats (1967)

If the real area of contact between surfaces is determined by ideal plastic flow of the microcontacts, then the proportionality between the area of contact and the load follows immediately. If the deformation mode is elastic, or elastic-plastic, or plastic with work-hardening, which will be the usual cases, then the proportionality is harder to explain. However, by considering the statistical distribution of heights of the surface asperities, it can be shown that the average size of a microcontact is almost constant, independent of load; consequently, the fact that the contact pressure at a single micro-contact may vary with contact size becomes irrelevant. If the real origin of the laws of friction is in the statistics of surface roughness and not in a particular mode of deformation, the applicability of the Bowden and Tabor theory of friction to plastics and other nonmetals becomes more readily understandable.