gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time collaborative editing behavior in USA and Japanese distributed teams (2011)

While there are tools that allow distributed teams to collaboratively edit in real time, little work examines this practice among real teams doing real work. Even less is known about how teams from different countries make use of real-time collaborative editing tools. The current work highlights results from a qualitative user study of real-world Japanese and U.S. distributed work teams who used LiveDeck, a real-time slide editing and whiteboarding tool. Through the implementation of various novel features used as probes, differences in behavior and attitudes between team members were uncovered. Differences in the use of slide navigation options, anonymity features, and pop-up 'emotes' representing nonverbal gestures are discussed.
A new k out of n secret image sharing scheme in visual cryptography (2016)

Visual cryptography (VC) is a method for shielding the secret image which encodes the image into many shares and allocates them to various participants. When all shares are aligned and stacked together, they expose the secret image. In k out of n (k, n) VC scheme, the secret image is shared into n shares such that when k or more participants by amassing their transparencies by means of an overhead projector to reveals the secret image. This paper proposed a brand new of simple and robust (k, n) visual cryptography technique which is used to effectively sharing the secret image with utmost confidentiality. In share creation process, specified new condition for random matrices and then XOR operations are performed to generate the `n' transparencies. It is possible to decode the secret image visually by superimposing a k subset of transparencies. Nevertheless no secret data can be acquired from the superposition of an illegal subset. Experiments, statistical and security assessments are carried out on the shares to validate the strength of the proposed scheme by means of a sequence of investigations such as visual testing, encryption quality testing, security analysis and different attacks. The proposed (k, n) VC scheme offers a consistent protection for communicating images over the public channels.
Human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA testing as a predictive marker for cervical carcinoma (2008)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for the development of cervical carcinoma, and incorporation of molecular testing for HPV in screening and patient management has been proposed. Sufficient scientific evidence exists to recommend HPV DNA testing in the triage of women with equivocal cytology and in follow-up after the treatment of precursor lesions. However, due to a low clinical specificity and positive predictive value, HPV DNA testing has so far not been recommended as primary screening in Europe. In general, diagnostic HPV tests have to demonstrate accuracy, reproducibility and clinical utility before they can be used in patient management and implemented in cervical cancer screening programmes. In this article we give an overview of RNA-based HPV diagnostics and the role of E6/E7 mRNA detection as a predictive marker for the development of cervical carcinoma. HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing for high-risk types seems to correlate better with the severity of the lesion compared with HPV DNA testing, and is a potential marker for the identification of women at risk of developing cervical carcinoma. Commercial assays for simultaneous genotyping and detection of E6/E7 mRNA from the five most common high-risk HPV types are now available and require further evaluation for primary screening, triage and follow-up after treatment.
The JUMP-1 router chip: a versatile router for supporting a distributed shared memory (2002)

JUMP-1 (Japanese Universities MultiProcessor) is currently under development by seven Japanese universities to establish techniques for an efficient distributed shared memory on a massively parallel processor. It provides a coherent cache with a reduced hierarchical bit-map directory scheme to achieve cost-effective and high-performance management. Messages for the coherent cache are transferred through a fat tree on the RDT (recursive diagonal torus) interconnection network. The JUMP-1 router supports versatile functions, including combined multicasting and acknowledgement for the reduced hierarchical bit-map directory scheme.
Statistical Evaluation of a Self-Deconvoluting Matrix Strategy for High-Throughput Screening of the CXCR3 Receptor (2005)

In high-throughput screening (HTS), compounds can be tested in self-deconvoluting matrices (SDMs) of 10 compounds per well. The SDM setup is based upon a systematic mixing of compound samples such that each compound appears twice in the screening assay, in two independent mixtures. In order to test the quality of the SDM approach, we compared it with a standard single-compound screening approach. In a CXCR3 scintillation proximity assay, we performed five multiple screening trials of 26,400 compounds at a 10 microM screening concentration to estimate false positive and false negative rates in the compound population. No potent hits (<6.2 microM IC50) were missed in any screening method. Forty-eight percent of all actives were found in every screening trial independent of compound handling method. The SDM strategy had an average of 25 false positives and 15 false negatives as compared with an average of 34 false positives and 15 false negatives with a more conventional single-compound screening approach. Most of the variability resulted from day-to-day variation around the hit cutoff criterion, rather than from any particular screening technique. In the two most extreme examples, a compound with a 7.5 microM IC50 was missed in one out of two mixture trials, and a compound with a 6.2 microM IC50 was missed in one out of three single-compound trials. In the CXCR3 assay presented herein, the SDM screening method had better predictive value than the single-compound screening approach.
Localization of a polynucleotide binding region in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: implications for primer binding (1991)

Properties of primer recognition by purified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) p66 homodimer have been investigated. Earlier studies had shown that RNA-directed DNA synthesis catalyzed by HIV-1 RT proceeds by an ordered mechanism in which template-primer combines with the free enzyme to form the first complex in the reaction scheme, and it was also shown that primer alone is a competitive inhibitor of template-primer. In this study, enzyme-primer binding has been further characterized utilizing pd(T)8 and pd(T)16 as model primers and UV cross-linking to covalently trap the enzyme-primer complexes. Competition experiments with several authentic primers, including tRNA(3Lys), indicate that pd(T)n binds to the kinetically significant primer binding site of RT. Salt reversal experiments suggested that the free energy of pd(T)n binding to RT has a large nonelectrostatic component. Binding of pd(T)n to p66-RT is not affected by dNTPs and does not require the presence of template. The site of UV cross-linking of pd(T)16 was localized to the NH2-terminal half of p66 by use of V8 protease hydrolysis and microsequencing. Our results indicate that a polynucleotide binding site is in close proximity to residues in the peptide comprising amino acids 195 approximately 300. This region could be either a single-stranded template or single-stranded primer binding site; however, we have documented the specificity of binding with oligonucleotides that act as primer in the in vitro DNA synthesis reaction. Therefore, this d(T)16 binding site may be part of a primer-binding groove within the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Document interchange format (1984)

In the absence of standards, both the private and public sectors have addressed document interchange among different vendors' text processing systems in a number of ways. In an attempt to solve this interchange problem with respect to encoding of control functions for the Department of the Navy, a project was originated by the Office of the Under Secretary of the Navy for Financial Management to determine the formatting requirements of the Department of the Navy and to translate those requirements to a representation that would be supported by text processing system providers. The encoded representation of the formatting control functions has become known as the Document Interchange Format (DIF).
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen and the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen have a common immunolocalization to anchoring fibrils and lamina densa of basement membrane (1990)

In this study a variety of immunoelectron microscopic methods were used to define the precise ultrastructural binding site of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antibodies (EBA-Ab). We used two EBA sera which immunoblotted with the same skin-extracted protein as that labelled by a monoclonal antibody (LH7.2) which is known to react with the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen. Gold-conjugated antibodies were used in two different immunoelectron microscopic procedures to compare the labelling characteristics of EBA-Ab and LH7.2 in normal human skin. Antibody incubations were performed using ultra-thin cryosections of unfixed skin and thin slices of fresh skin (en bloc technique) before conventional fixation and embedding in Epon. Both methods showed similar labelling features for both EBA-Ab and LH7.2. With ultra-thin cryosections there was labelling of the lamina densa and an undefined component of the sublamina densa region. With the en bloc technique, labelling of dermal ends of anchoring fibrils and of amorphous material recently defined as 'anchoring plaques' was evident. There was no labelling of the central banded portions of anchoring fibrils. We conclude that EBA-Ag is localized to the dermal ends of anchoring fibrils in addition to the lamina densa and possibly anchoring plaques, and thus has the same distribution as the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen.
The atmospheric reactivity of .alpha.-methyltetrahydrofuran (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe atmospheric reactivity of .alpha.-methyltetrahydrofuranTimothy J. Wallington, Walter O. Siegl, Renzhang Liu, Zhengyu Zhang, Robert E. Huie, and Michael J. KuryloCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 10, 1596–1599Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00080a022https://doi.org/10.1021/es00080a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Torque-ripple minimization with indirect position and speed sensing for switched reluctance motors (2000)

A torque-ripple-minimization controller is realized along with indirect position and speed sensing for switched reluctance motors (SRMs). The position and speed estimations are derived from a sliding-mode observer that requires terminal measurements of only phase voltages and currents. The research shows that position- and speed-sensorless observers can be reliably used for control of an SRM. Experimental results using a four-phase, 8/6 SRM and the TMS320C30 digital signal processor are presented. The results demonstrate position- and speed-sensorless closed-loop operation of a torque-ripple-minimized SRM drive.
Graphical interactions with an automatic programming system (1988)

ISFI, an automatic programming system, accepts a nonprocedural specification of the desired behavior of a computer program. This specification is augmented by ISFI until computations to accomplish this behavior can be derived, and then compilable code is generated. ISFI's graphical interface (IGI) permits input, modification, and exploration of the specification, including the part added by ISFI in the process of solving the programming problem. This interface supports the special requirements of an automatic programming system, the needs of programmers debugging any large complex computer system, the normal requirements of an interactive user interface, and the potential graphics to aid the visual thinking process of humans. The ways in which IGI addresses these issues are described and some enhancements are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MEMS-Type Self-Packaged Field-Emission Electron Source (2015)

This paper describes a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System-type self-packaged field-emission electron source with a carbon nanotube cathode. It is a multilayer silicon-glass structure, fabricated by the use of the multiple anodic bonding process. Emission characteristics obtained for two- and three-electrode configurations have been reported. The influence of the encapsulation conditions on emission degradation in time has been investigated.
Theory of compact narrow-band directional couplers and implementation in silicon IPD technology (2009)

Typical directional couplers are based on quarter-wavelength transmission line segments. Such designs are physically too large for most integrated system-in-package applications. A lumped-element circuit for electrically short, narrow-band directional couplers is described and analyzed. This circuit is much smaller and is better suited for integrated assemblies. Its directivity is shown to derive from the correct balancing of magnetic and electric coupling. Such circuits can be integrated into the designs of other passive networks, like harmonic filters and baluns, to achieve further space and cost savings. Examples and experimental results for such designs are presented. Evaluation and analysis of these devices suggests some improvements to the basic coupler circuit. These changes are presented along with examples of improved circuit designs.
Interfacial Effects of Electrochemical Lithiation of Epsilon-VOPO<sub>4</sub> and Evolution of the Electronic Structure (2015)

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate ε-VOPO 4 is a promising cathode material for high-capacity Li ion batteries, owing to its demonstrated ability to reversibly incorporate more than one lithium per redox center, with a total theoretical capacity of 331 mAh/g. As in the case of the olivines, the problem of the inherently low electronic conductivity of ε-VOPO 4 is overcome by the use of nano-sized particles within the cathode. At these dimensions the electrochemical reaction can be largely affected by the interfacial chemistry at the nanoparticle surface. An investigation of these surface reactions is critical for obtaining a complete understanding of the mechanism by which lithium intercalates and how it relates to the electrochemical performance. We performed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using both soft (XPS) and hard (HAXPES) x-rays to chemically distinguish and depth-resolve the interfacial phase transitions as a function of electrochemical discharge. Core level analysis supports a straightforward two-phase reaction as the first lithium is intercalated. In contrast, the insertion of the second lithium is more complicated with evidence of a significant radial lithium gradient, due to a possible to a disruption of the kinetics. From inspection of the valence band region, we were able to monitor the reversible evolution of ε-VOPO 4 to Li 2 VOPO 4 at the surface of our nanoparticles. These assignments were supported by hybrid density functional theory of the three phases. The origin of the radial gradient is likely associated with the presence of stable intermediate phases during the second reaction and warrants further attention. This work was supported as part of NECCES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001294. Figure 1
Effect of the number of sublayers on axial optics of anisotropic helical structures (2008)

The transition from the continuously rotating dielectric ellipsoid approach to the discrete periodic collection of wave plates is investigated by comparing an exact analytic solution found using a Bloch-Lyaponov transformation on the 4x4 matrix form of Maxwell's equations and the numerical solution. The validity of the analytic solution depends only on the number of sublayers within the unit cell and not on the number of periods in the sample. The circularly polarized Bragg-type selective reflection peak is shown to exist with helices containing as few as N(l)=3 sublayers in a single period, but due to the appearance of higher Fourier harmonics in the dielectric tensor, additional selective reflection peaks appear. The case of N(l)=4 corresponds to the folded Solc-type filter case with a twist angle of pi/4, but it acts as a reflection filter for unpolarized light. Hence using this fact with liquid crystalline structures, polarization insensitive tunable filters can be built.
Diradical Nitroxyl Spin Label Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging A Comparison of Relaxation Effectiveness (1986)

The proton relaxation enhancement characteristics of seven potential MRI contrast agents containing two nitroxyl spin labels per molecule (diradicals) were compared with eight similar agents with only one spin label per molecule (monoradicals). Diradical nitroxyls were evaluated to test the hypothesis that multiple paramagnetic centers in one molecule will result in stronger proton relaxation enhancement characteristics, allowing effective contrast enhancement at lower molar concentrations and thus a reduced osmotic load and greater safety. The acute toxicity of these agents is believed to be largely related to osmotic load. Five of seven diradical nitroxyls tested had spin-lattice relaxivities that were substantially greater than all eight of the monoradicals tested. The spin-spin relaxation properties of these agents and other pertinent characteristics are favorable for contrast enhancement. The results indicate that diradical nitroxyl spin labels may be used advantageously for the design of safer, more effective MRI contrast agents.
Kainate‐elicited seizures induce mRNA encoding a CaMK‐related peptide: A putative modulator of kinase activity in rat hippocampus (1999)

By means of differential display techniques, we have previously identified an mRNA transcript whose expression is highly induced in the rat hippocampus by kainate-elicited seizures. Here, we report the cloning of a corresponding cDNA encoding a 55-amino-acid, serine-rich peptide which contains four predicted phosphorylation sites. The peptide was designated CaMK-related peptide (CARP) as it shares significant amino acid sequence identity with part of a novel putative calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK-VI) that was also cloned in this study. It appears that CARP and CaMK-VI are derived from the same gene through differential splicing. Intriguingly, CARP also exhibits 64% amino acid sequence identity with the C-terminal part of human doublecortin, encoded by a recently identified gene which is mutated in patients with X-linked lissencephaly and the double-cortex syndrome. In addition, the structure of CARP resembles the autoinhibitory, serine-rich N-terminal domain of CaMK-IV, suggesting a possible modulatory role of CARP with respect to CaMK activity. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization experiments showed that CARP mRNA is specifically induced by kainate-elicited seizures in the dentate gyrus and in the pyramidal layers CA1 and CA2, but not in CA3. In contrast, kainate-induced seizures did not change the level of expression of the CaMK-VI gene. We propose that CARP induction leads to the modulation of kinase activity in specific subregions of the rat hippocampus, providing a negative feedback mechanism for seizure-induced kinases. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 39: 41–50, 1999
Proterozoic melting in the northern peridotite Massif, Zabargad Island: Os isotopic evidence (1999)

The geodynamic history of the three Zabargad peridotite bodies is the key to their significance as samples of the upper mantle. Currently, there are two main hypotheses that differ greatly in their implications for the origin and age of the peridotite complex as a whole. In the first, the Zabargad peridotite bodies all represent young asthenospheric mantle that was juxtaposed with ancient crustal gneisses during the opening of the Red Sea. In the second, the complex may represent a single package of residual mantle and lower crust of Pan‐African age that was uplifted during the Miocene. In order to distinguish between these two models, we have analysed five samples of Zabargad peridotite and two pyroxenites for Os isotopes. The 187 Os/ 188 Os results range from 0.1198 to 0.1320 and correlate with Al 2 O 3 , allowing an age inference for the northern body, based on the Os isotopic evolution curve for the bulk Earth, of 1.4±0.3 Gyr. This is at least as old as the previously inferred Pan‐African age and may be older, and agrees with previous suggestions that the northern and central peridotite bodies probably represent ancient continental lithospheric mantle, while the southern body represents recent asthenospheric mantle. Our results from both central and southern bodies are consistent with either crustal age hypothesis.
The case for smartwatch-based diet monitoring (2015)

We explore the use of gesture recognition on a wrist-worn smartwatch as an enabler of an automated eating activity (and diet monitoring) system. We show, using small-scale user studies, how it is possible to use the accelerometer and gyroscope data from a smartwatch to accurately separate eating episodes from similar non-eating activities, and to additionally identify the mode of eating (i.e., using a spoon, bare hands or chopsticks). Additionally, we investigate the likelihood of automatically triggering the smartwatch's camera to capture clear images of the food being consumed, for possible offline analysis to identify what (and how much) the user is eating. Our results show both the promise and challenges of this vision: while opportune moments for capturing such useful images almost always exist in an eating episode, significant further work is needed to both (a) correctly identify the appropriate instant when the camera should be triggered and (b) reliably identify the type of food via automated analyses of such images.