gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A power efficient and constant-g<inf>m</inf> 1.8 V CMOS operational transconductance amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges for charge pump in phase-locked loop (2012)

This paper presents a power efficient and constant-g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> 1.8 V CMOS operational transconductance amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges implemented in 180 nm CMOS process technology. The op-amp consists of constant-g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> rail-to-rail input stage, folded cascode summing stage and class AB output stage. This operational transconductance amplifier provides a dc gain of 60.49dB, phase margin 59.64°, and unity gain frequency 538.3MHz while driving a 1pF capacitance and power consumption is 2.13mW from a 1.8 V power supply. It is simply a compound structure, consists of NMOS and PMOS differential pairs are connected in parallel. The compound structure achieves rail-to-rail operation; however, it produces variations of the transconductance 6.5 % and dc gain varies from 57dB-60.50dB over the input common mode range. This paper discusses sources and solutions for the transconductance variations using 1:3 current mirror techniques.
BMP4 acts upstream of FGF in modulating thymic stroma and regulating thymopoiesis (2003)

Thymocyte development is a non-cell-autonomous process that requires signals provided by the thymic stroma. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) derived from thymic stroma have been implicated as possible regulators of T-cell development. Using thymic organ culture, this study demonstrates that both BMP4 and FGF7/FGF10 arrest early T-cell development at the CD4-CD8-CD44+CD25- (double-negative 1 [DN1]) population and at the CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) to CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) transition in a stromal compartment-dependent manner. Furthermore, BMP4 functions upstream of FGF7/FGF10, as the effects of BMP can be suppressed by cotreatment with an FGF receptor antagonist. BMP4 also acts directly on the thymic stroma to up-regulate the stroma-specific transcription factor Foxn1 and stroma-expressed chemokines. Taken together, the data in this report demonstrate that BMP acts upstream of FGF in the regulation of early T-cell development and that BMP4 acts primarily through the thymic stroma, thereby altering the thymic microenvironment and affecting thymopoiesis.
Purging Tumor Cells From Bone Marrow by Use of Antibody and Complement: A Critical Appraisal (1988)

This review highlighted several problems associated with the use of antibody and complement in the elimination of tumor cells from bone marrow that was to be used for transplantation, and it discussed some of the difficulties encountered in developing this approach in model systems. These problems should be seriously considered by any clinician contemplating this method for bone marrow purging.
Establishment and characterization of an in vitro clonogenic cell assay for the R-3327-At Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor. (1978)

We have established an in vitro clonogenic cell assay for a class of anaplastic rat prostatic tumor cells (R-3327-At). We used collagenase to isolate these cells from transplanted solid tumors growing in the flanks of mature male Copenhagen rats and cultured them in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. A linear relationship was obtained between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies formed. R-3327-At clonogenic cells had a plating efficiency of about 4% when monodispersed cells were isolated from the primary tumor, and their cell doubling time was 24 hr. Cultured tumor cells have maintained their ability to induce tumors when retransplanted into normal male reciplent rats even after 30 weekly passages in vitro , although later passages were not as “tumorigenic.” The R-3327-At cells were readily distinguishable from fibroblasts on the basis of cellular morphology and growth kinetics and because only the R-3327-At cells were able to proliferate in semisolid (plasma) culture and induce tumors upon retransplantation in vivo .

The addition of conditioned media (CM) prepared from R-3327-At tumor cell cultures to low density R-3327-At cell cultures produced larger colonies compared to those cultures to which we added either no CM or CM from Copenhagen rat skin fibroblasts. These data indicated that the growth-promoting activity present in the CM of R-3327-At cultures can increase the extent of proliferation, although it is not essential for its initiation. The addition of sera from rats bearing either the R-3327-At or the hormone-dependent (R-3327-H) tumor was “cytotoxic” to R-3327-At clonogenic cells. Not only were fewer colonies formed, but also individual colonies contained fewer cells when compared to control cultures to which normal rat serum was added. These findings are potentially important since they may reflect a host immune response to the tumor.
Room-temperature pulsed operation of triple-quantum-well GaInNAs lasers grown on misoriented GaAs substrates by MOCVD (1999)

The lasing operation of three-quantum-well GaInNAs stripe geometry lasers grown by MOCVD on 0/spl deg/ and 6/spl deg/ misoriented [100] GaAs substrates, respectively, have been demonstrated and their performance is compared for the first time. Both devices achieved room temperature, pulsed lasing operation at an emission wavelength of 1.17 μm, with a threshold current density of 667 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for lasers grown on 6/spl deg/ misoriented substrates, and 1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for lasers grown on 0/spl deg/ misoriented substrates. The threshold for the lasers grown on 6/spl deg/ misoriented substrates compares favorably with the best results for GaInNAs lasers. Lasers with narrower stripe width and a planar geometry have also been demonstrated by the use of lateral selective wet oxidation for current confinement, with a threshold current density of 800 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for 25-μm-wide devices.
Monoclonal antibodies to streptococcal group A carbohydrate. II. The VK1GAC light chain is preferentially associated with serum IgG3. (1983)

A kappa-light chain variable region (V kappa) dominantly employed in the serum antibody response of A/J mice to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC) has been termed VK1GAC. Examination of in vitro recombinants between the isolated heavy and light chains of VK1GAC+ and VK1GAC-anti-GAC hybridomas and non-GAC-binding myeloma proteins indicated that two antisera (anti-Id5 and anti-Id20) recognized the VK1GAC light chain when it was free in solution or paired with several heterologous heavy chains. Screening of a panel of A/J anti-GAC monoclonal antibodies with these antisera showed almost complete concordance between Id5 and Id20 expression and the presence of VK1GAC light chain as detected by its unique isoelectric focusing spectrotype. These antisera were used to examine serum expression of the VK1GAC light chain in normal and hyperimmune serum of A/J mice. Normal A/J serum contained from 20 to 100 micrograms Id5/ml serum, whereas only 1 to 10 micrograms Id20/ml serum was detected. The levels of both VK1GAC idiotypes increased dramatically 10- to 20-fold after hyperimmunization of mice with group A vaccine. When serum IgG from normal and immune mice was fractionated into the IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3), it was found that the VK1GAC light chain does not pair randomly with heavy chains of the IgG subclasses, but rather is associated preferentially with heavy chains of the IgG3 subclass whether or not it is associated with antibodies to GAC. These results suggest that the heavy chain pairing exhibited by this VK product may not be random.
Endocytosis of oxidized LDL and reversibility of migration inhibition in macrophage-derived foam cells in vitro. A mechanism for atherosclerosis regression? (1992)

The ability of macrophage-derived foam cells to migrate from atherosclerotic lesions represents one potential mechanism for the regression of atherosclerosis. It is, however, generally recognized that the transformation of macrophages into foam cells results in greatly reduced migrational ability. In the present study, we set out to investigate the factors affecting migratory capability in foam cell-like cells with the use of an in vitro assay. Foam cell-like cells were prepared by incubating macrophages in the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). The transformation to a typical foam cell morphology was demonstrated by Nile red staining (light microscopy), and the mechanisms of binding, uptake, and intracellular processing of oxidized LDL were established by colloidal gold labeling on the ultrastructural level. With the in vitro assay, the migration of these foam cell-like cells was found to be markedly inhibited compared with untreated, control macrophages. However, zymosan-activated mouse serum restored migration in oxidized LDL-treated cells to levels similar to those of control cells. Restoration of migratory capacity was accompanied by alterations in the cytoskeleton system, especially in actin arrangement.
Pijn (2008)

Pijn vermindert veelal door behandeling van de onderliggende aandoening. Ondersteuning met analgetica zal niettemin vaak nodig zijn. Bij een aantal aandoeningen is symptomatische pijnbestrijding de enige behandelingsmogelijkheid.
Cardiac output by electrical bioimpedance. (1989)

Continuous CO measurement by EB is a highly technical issue requiring expert opinion for evaluation. At present, the NIH, American Society of Anesthesiologists, and the American College of Cardiology consider continuous CO monitoring by EB to be investigational. However, EB has numerous advantages when compared with other presently available techniques. Consequently, advances may require that the OHTA conduct another assessment in the near future. The NIH suggested that the use of EB on a noncontinuous basis in selected patients to measure changes in CO (but not the absolute value of CO) is reasonable. If the use of EB on a continuous basis is contemplated, then studies should be conducted to determine the safety of long-term electrical input into the thorax. Electrical bioimpedance should not be used in patients with pacemakers and may be inappropriate in patients with regurgitant valvular heart disease, intracardiac shunts, arrhythmias, ventricular asynchrony, tachycardia, hypertension, significant airway obstruction, or in patients undergoing therapy such as atropinization, all of which may change the shape of the dZ/dt waveform.
The Protected Animal (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Protected animal’ defined There are animals and animals
Performance analysis of minimum variance CDMA receivers (2002)

Constrained optimization of the receiver's output variance has been proposed as a relatively simple method for designing blind multiuser detectors for DS-CDMA systems. A single constraint is sufficient to avoid signal cancellation in the AWGN case, while multiple constraints should be used in a multipath environment. A max/min approach for optimizing the constraint is proposed, resulting in blind solutions with improved performance. It is shown that the performance of the proposed method approaches that of the MMSE receiver at high SNR, while the constraint parameters converge to the multipath channel parameters. The proposed method does not require knowledge of the interfering users' codes and timing. Simulation results support those performance claims.
1341.<scp>L</scp>-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyric acid and related compounds (1965)

A. P. Fosker and H. D. Law, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 7305 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650007305
Proton Conductive Composite Materials Using Functionalized and Crosslinkable VDF/CFTE Fluoropolymers and Proton Conductive Inorganics (2007)

The synthesis of crosslinkable P(VDF-CTFE) copolymer with controllable structure, molecular weight and terminal and side chain silane groups was developed. The chemistry of the synthesis was centered on a specifically designed functional borane initiator containing silane groups. Polymer electrolyte composite membranes were fabricated by dispersion of additive particles in the polymer solution and film casting, followed by thermocompression, which allowed for formation of crosslinking sites in 3-D polymer network. Two types of membranes were investigated: P(VDF-CTFE)/Nafion/Inorganic and P(VDF-CTFE) with incorporated sulfonated units. Different types of inorganic proton conductors were synthesized and tested in P(VDF-CTFE)/Nafion/Inorganic membranes. The highest conductivity was obtained using H3OZr2(PO4)3 particles. Optimization of the P(VDF-CTFE)/Nafion/H3OZr2(PO4)3 membrane composition allowed to substantially increase the membrane conductivity. Two avenues were explored to add sulfonic acid groups to P(VDF-CTFE) to obtain a desirable membrane conductivity without an addition of Nafion: introduction of sulfonated silicon dioxide and sulfonated SPETMS.
The Use of Zwittergent 3-14 in the Purification of Recombinant Human Interferon-β Ser <sup>17</sup> (Betaseron) (1995)

A new method for purifying human interferon-beta SER17 from E. coli-derived inclusion bodies has been developed. This procedure eliminates the need for strong denaturants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or chaotropes. The procedure makes use of a nondenaturing detergent and a brief incubation at pH 12 to solubilize interferon-beta Ser17 from inclusion bodies. The detergent used was Zwittergent 3-14 (nonionic and pH-insensitive), which is included in the class of sulfobetaines (RN+ (CH3)2(CH2)xSO3-). Zwittergent 3-14 was used in combination with urea to produce a urea/Zwittergent 3-14 washed inclusion body preparation enriched in human interferon-beta Ser17 (Betaseron). Solubilization of inclusion bodies was accomplished by employing a brief (1 minute) shift to pH 12 in the presence of 2.5% Zwittergent 3-14 followed by rapid adjustment to pH 8.0. Solubilization was complete, and the solution could be rapidly adjusted to pH 8 without any observable precipitation of protein. The resultant supernatant could be successfully subjected to a number of chromatographic and analytic procedures, many of which are not compatible with strong anionic detergents, such as SDS. Betaseron was purified from Zwittergent 3-14 solubilized inclusion body lysates using both ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Purified Betaseron retained bioactivity and could be refolded by simple dialysis against a nonreducing buffer. This method represents a novel procedure for purifying Betaseron from inclusion bodies using a nondenaturing detergent and ion-exchange chromatography.
Hold baggage security screening system in Kuwait International Airport using Arena software (2019)

This paper presents a simulation for Hold Baggage Security Screening (HBSS) system at Kuwait International Airport to develop a model to improve the current performance of the system. A well conducted investigation for HBSS system is performed to fully understand and analyze the throughput of the system and the factors affecting the baggage movement and queue duration. The HBSS model was adopted using Arena software which provides an “As is” model. First, the HBSS system flow chart was developed and further investigation related to the time and capacity of each of the HBSS levels was performed. Then, the required input data was collected and analyzed to choose the suitable decisions for each level. To ensure system verification, a warm up period of two hours was allowed, 30 replications were applied, and then the results were tested and compared to the real system. After running the “as is” model, the result analysis showed that the highest waiting time was in level 3 and the highest number of “system time-out” status baggage was in level 2. To tackle this situation, more SSO Operators were added to level 2, which reduced the total waiting time from 270 min to 78 min.
Server-Aided Revocable Identity-Based Encryption (2015)

Efficient user revocation in Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) has been a challenging problem and has been the subject of several research efforts in the literature. Among them, the tree-based revocation approach, due to Boldyreva, Goyal and Kumar, is probably the most efficient one. In this approach, a trusted Key Generation Center (KGC) periodically broadcasts a set of key updates to all (non-revoked) users through public channels, where the size of key updates is only $$O(r\log \frac{N}{r})$$ , with N being the number of users and r the number of revoked users, respectively; however, every user needs to keep at least $$O(\log N)$$ long-term secret keys and all non-revoked users are required to communicate with the KGC regularly. These two drawbacks pose challenges to users who have limited resources to store their secret keys or cannot receive key updates in real-time. To alleviate the above problems, we propose a novel system model called server-aided revocable IBE. In our model, almost all of the workloads on users are delegated to an untrusted server which manages users’ public keys and key updates sent by a KGC periodically. The server is untrusted in the sense that it does not possess any secret information. Our system model requires each user to keep just one short secret key and does not require users to communicate with either the KGC or the server during key updating. In addition, the system supports delegation of users’ decryption keys, namely it is secure against decryption key exposure attacks. We present a concrete construction of the system that is provably secure against adaptive-ID chosen plaintext attacks under the DBDH assumption in the standard model. One application of our server-aided revocable IBE is encrypted email supporting lightweight devices (e.g., mobile phones) in which an email server plays the role of the untrusted server so that only non-revoked users can read their email messages.
Naltrexone and Brief Counseling to Reduce Heavy Drinking (1994)

Naltrexone (NTX) has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing relapses among alcoholics. Among nondependent heavy drinkers, who are more numerous in the general population than are alcohol‐dependent drinkers, brief counseling has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption. The authors conducted a 6‐week randomized study of the effects of adding 25‐mg or 50‐mg daily doses of NTX to brief counseling in 14 nondependent heavy drinkers. NTX was well‐tolerated. Desire for alcohol, drinking frequency, frequency of heavy drinking, total alcohol consumption, and serum gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase all decreased significantly during treatment. A placebo‐controlled trial is warranted to evaluate further the efficacy of NTX in this group of problem drinkers.
Amino acid substitutions in the first complementarity-determining region of a murine T-cell receptor alpha chain affect antigen-major histocompatibility complex recognition. (1990)

The T-cell antigen receptor mediates recognition of foreign antigens physically associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. The tertiary structure of the T-cell receptor is thought to resemble that of immunoglobulin Fab fragments and to possess corresponding complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) that contact antigen-MHC. To test such a model for the T-cell receptor, we have generated T-cell hybridomas that express a wild-type or mutant form of the T-cell receptor present on the p-azobenzenearsonate-specific T-cell clone D5. Mutation of 2 amino acids (Tyr26 to serine, Gly28 to valine) in the predicted CDR1 of the D5 T-cell receptor alpha chain caused a markedly diminished response to antigen without affecting the response to anti-CD3 and anti-T-cell receptor antibodies. These results constitute the first test of the prediction that CDR1 in the T-cell receptor alpha chain is important for antigen-MHC recognition, thus providing strong evidence for the structural model of the T-cell antigen receptor based upon immunoglobulin.
Inferential Privacy Guarantees for Differentially Private Mechanisms (2016)

The correlations and network structure amongst individuals in datasets today---whether explicitly articulated, or deduced from biological or behavioral connections---pose new issues around privacy guarantees, because of inferences that can be made about one individual from another's data. This motivates quantifying privacy in networked contexts in terms of "inferential privacy"---which measures the change in beliefs about an individual's data from the result of a computation---as originally proposed by Dalenius in the 1970's. Inferential privacy is implied by differential privacy when data are independent, but can be much worse when data are correlated; indeed, simple examples, as well as a general impossibility theorem of Dwork and Naor, preclude the possibility of achieving non-trivial inferential privacy when the adversary can have arbitrary auxiliary information. In this paper, we ask how differential privacy guarantees translate to guarantees on inferential privacy in networked contexts: specifically, under what limitations on the adversary's information about correlations, modeled as a prior distribution over datasets, can we deduce an inferential guarantee from a differential one? We prove two main results. The first result pertains to distributions that satisfy a natural positive-affiliation condition, and gives an upper bound on the inferential privacy guarantee for any differentially private mechanism. This upper bound is matched by a simple mechanism that adds Laplace noise to the sum of the data. The second result pertains to distributions that have weak correlations, defined in terms of a suitable "influence matrix". The result provides an upper bound for inferential privacy in terms of the differential privacy parameter and the spectral norm of this matrix.
Gastroesophageal scintigraphy and endoscopy in the diagnosis of esophageal reflux and esophagitis. (1985)

The value of gastroesophageal (G/E) scintigraphy in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux was assessed in 51 subjects, who presented with heartburn and had endoscopic evidence of reflux esophagitis. G/E scintigraphy was done using 99mTc sulfur-colloid in acidified orange juice. The G/E reflux index was calculated according to previous reports. The mean (+/- SD) G/E reflux index in 18 patients with severe esophagitis and 30 patients with moderate esophagitis were 1.6% (+/- 1.5) and 3.2% (+/- 5.0), respectively. The mean G/E reflux index in 14 control subjects was 2.4% (+/- 1.1). There was no significant difference between the esophagitis and control groups. Furthermore, if 4% was taken as upper limit of normal, this will include almost all the esophagitis patients and controls. It is concluded that the G/E reflux index based on G/E scintigraphy is of little value in the diagnosis of G/E reflux.
Effect of Curvature on Reflection Phase Characteristics of Electromagnetic Band-gap Structures (2008)

A method is proposed to evaluate the effect of curvature on the reflection phase characteristics of electromagnetic band-gap structures in this paper. By observing the changes of the corresponding frequency band of return loss of different length dipoles antennas versus in-phase reflection band- gap, the effect of curvature on the reflection phase is achieved. The simulation results show that the curved electromagnetic band-gap structures still exhibit better in-phase reflection characteristics, and the curvature makes the band-gap of reflection phase wider and the band-gap center frequency shift to the higher frequency.