gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UW-MRS: Leveraging a Deep Grammar for Robotic Spatial Commands (2014)

This paper describes a deep-parsing approach to SemEval-2014 Task 6, a novel context-informed supervised parsing and semantic analysis problem in a controlled domain. The system comprises a handbuilt rule-based solution based on a preexisting broad coverage deep grammar of English, backed up by a off-the-shelf datadriven PCFG parser, and achieves the best score reported among the task participants.
Validation of the Riboleukogram to Detect Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia After Severe Injury (2009)

Our results validate those described in a pilot study, confirming that riboleukograms are associated with the development of VAP days prior to clinical diagnosis. Similarly, a riboleukogram predictive model tested on a larger cohort of 158 patients was better than chance at predicting VAP days prior to clinical diagnosis.
Study of CoQ <sub>10</sub> -Enzymes in Gingiva from Patients with Periodontal Disease and Evidence for a Deficiency of Coenzyme Q <sub>10</sub> (1974)

The specific activities of both the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q(10) reductase and the DPNH-cytochrome c reductase [NADH:(acceptor)oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.3] were determined in mitochondria from 40 diseased gingival biopsies from patients with periodontal disease and from 24 control biopsies from nondiseased areas (clinically evaluated) of gingival tissues from the same mouths of the patients from whom the diseased gingival tissues were taken. The control tissue was taken during normal surgical procedures, such as for gingival recontouring and tuberosity removal. The diseased gingival biopsies showed a mean specific activity for the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q(10) reductase which was higher (P < 0.02) than that of the control biopsies, and which increased (P < 0.01) when the assays utilized exogenous coenzyme Q(3), and corresponded to an average deficiency of coenzyme Q(10)-enzyme activity of 35%. About 60% of the 40 diseased gingival tissues showed a deficiency of coenzyme Q(10) at its site in this succinate-coenzyme Q(10) enzyme. Of the 24 control tissues, 20% showed deficiencies of coenzyme Q(10). As a group, the control tissues showed no deficiency of coenzyme Q(10). No deficiency of coenzyme Q(10) at its site in DPNH-cytochrome c reductase was observed for either the control or diseased gingival tissues, as groups or individually.
Growth in serum‐free medium of NIH3T3 cells transformed by the EJ‐H‐<i>ras</i> oncogene: Evidence for multiple autocrine growth factors (1992)

Rodent fibroblastic cells transformed by ras oncogenes can grow in serum-free (S-) medium. We have studied clonal lines of mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts transfected with the EJ-H-ras oncogene, and observed that practically all become independent of exogenous growth and attachment factors shortly after transfection. Moreover, all the clones tested soon form anchorage-independent (AI) colonies in S- medium, and most give rise to spheroids able to grow in suspension. The cell-conditioned S- medium of the transformed (TR) cells stimulates autocrinally the AI and anchored growth of these cells, in the absence of serum, and it contains growth factors related to TGF-alpha (or EGF), PDGF and bFGF, and other uncharacterized factors. Some of these factors are not found, or are found only in very small amounts, in the S- medium of non-transformed NIH3T3 cells, which also stimulates the growth of the TR cells, in the absence of serum. In addition, the TR cells contain 4-6 times more cell-associated bFGF than the non-transformed cells and release more latent TGF-beta activatable by acid treatments. However, no active TGF-beta is secreted by either cell type. Activated TGF-beta and pure TGF-beta 1 stimulate the growth of the anchored TR and NIH3T3 cells, but inhibit the AI growth of the TR cells. Another inhibitor of this growth is also found in the concentrated medium of the NIH3T3 cells.
A parallel <scp>MR</scp> imaging method using multilayer perceptron (2017)

We have proposed a reconstruction method using machine learning to accelerate imaging time, which reconstructs high-quality images from subsampled k-space data. It shows flexibility in the use of k-space sampling patterns, and can reconstruct images in real time.
Mapping Network Structure and Diversity of Interdisciplinary Knowledge in Recommended MOOC Offerings (2022)

In massive open online courses (MOOCs), recommendation relationships present a collection of associations that imply a new form of integration, such as an interdisciplinary synergy among diverse disciplines. This study took a computer science approach, using the susceptible-infected (SI) model to simulate the process of learners accessing courses within networks of MOOC offerings, and emphasized the potential effects of a network structure. The current low rate of access suggests that a ceiling effect influences learners’ access to learning online, given that there are thousands of courses freely available. Interdisciplinary networks were created by adding recommended courses into four disciplinary networks. The diversity of interdisciplinarity was measured by three attributes, namely variety, balance, and disparity. The results attest to interesting changes in how the diversity of interdisciplinary knowledge grows. Particularly remarkable is the degree to which the diversity of interdisciplinarity increased when new recommended courses were first added. However, changing diversity implied that neighbouring disciplines were more likely to come to the forefront to attach to the interdisciplinarity of MOOC offerings, and that the pace of synergy among disparate disciplines slowed as time passed. In the absence of domain experts, expert knowledge is not sufficient to support interdisciplinary curriculum design. More evidence-based analytics studies showing how interdisciplinarity evolves in course offerings could help us to better design online courses that prepare learners with 21st-century skills.
Tetramerization of ethylene to octene-1 (a review) (2012)

Data on the activity, selectivity, and reaction conditions for the selective oligomerization of ethylene to octene-1 mediated by chromium-containing organic compounds in combination with organoaluminum compounds have been summarized and analyzed. Possible schemes for the mechanism of the formation of octene-1 and byproduct cyclic hydrocarbons (methylenecyclopentane and methylcyclopentane) and higher (>C8) linear olefins have been briefly discussed.
Diagnostic considerations for cholestatic liver disease (2017)

Cholestatic liver disease results from insufficient bile synthesis, secretion and/or flow through the biliary tract. Common presenting features include fatigue, pruritus, and cholestatic liver enzyme abnormalities wherein elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferases levels exceed those of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. With prolonged cholestasis, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, on occasion, carcinoma of the biliary tract or liver can occur. Once mechanical obstruction to bile flow has been ruled out, the majority of causes can be classified as immune-mediated, infectious, or miscellaneous. Because specific therapeutic options are increasing for many causes of cholestasis, an accurate diagnosis is an important first step towards treatment. Thus, this review focuses on the diagnostic features of non-mechanical causes of cholestasis.
Lysosome dysfunction as a cause of neurodegenerative diseases: Lessons from frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2021)

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are thought to exist on a clinical and pathological spectrum. FTD and ALS are linked by shared genetic causes (e.g. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions) and neuropathology, such as inclusions of ubiquitinated, misfolded proteins (e.g. TAR DNA-binding protein 43; TDP-43) in the CNS. Furthermore, some genes that cause FTD or ALS when mutated encode proteins that localize to the lysosome or modulate endosome-lysosome function, including lysosomal fusion, cargo trafficking, lysosomal acidification, autophagy, or TFEB activity. In this review, we summarize evidence that lysosomal dysfunction, caused by genetic mutations (e.g. C9orf72, GRN, MAPT, TMEM106B) or toxic-gain of function (e.g. aggregation of TDP-43 or tau), is an important pathogenic disease mechanism in FTD and ALS. Further studies into the normal function of many of these proteins are required and will help uncover the mechanisms that cause lysosomal dysfunction in FTD and ALS. Mutations or polymorphisms in genes that encode proteins important for endosome-lysosome function also occur in other age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (e.g. APOE, PSEN1, APP) and Parkinson's (e.g. GBA, LRRK2, ATP13A2) disease. A more complete understanding of the common and unique features of lysosome dysfunction across the spectrum of neurodegeneration will help guide the development of therapies for these devastating diseases.
Thermal and Fluid Balance In Competitive Cycling (2013)

Please view abstract in the attached PDF file.
The Chinchilla Research Resource Database: resource for an otolaryngology disease model (2016)

The long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) is an established animal model for diseases of the inner and middle ear, among others. In particular, chinchilla is commonly used to study diseases involving viral and bacterial pathogens and polymicrobial infections of the upper respiratory tract and the ear, such as otitis media. The value of the chinchilla as a model for human diseases prompted the sequencing of its genome in 2012 and the more recent development of the Chinchilla Research Resource Database (http://crrd.mcw.edu) to provide investigators with easy access to relevant datasets and software tools to enhance their research. The Chinchilla Research Resource Database contains a complete catalog of genes for chinchilla and, for comparative purposes, human. Chinchilla genes can be viewed in the context of their genomic scaffold positions using the JBrowse genome browser. In contrast to the corresponding records at NCBI, individual gene reports at CRRD include functional annotations for Disease, Gene Ontology (GO) Biological Process, GO Molecular Function, GO Cellular Component and Pathway assigned to chinchilla genes based on annotations from the corresponding human orthologs. Data can be retrieved via keyword and gene-specific searches. Lists of genes with similar functional attributes can be assembled by leveraging the hierarchical structure of the Disease, GO and Pathway vocabularies through the Ontology Search and Browser tool. Such lists can then be further analyzed for commonalities using the Gene Annotator (GA) Tool. All data in the Chinchilla Research Resource Database is freely accessible and downloadable via the CRRD FTP site or using the download functions available in the search and analysis tools. The Chinchilla Research Resource Database is a rich resource for researchers using, or considering the use of, chinchilla as a model for human disease.Database URL: http://crrd.mcw.edu.
A Ray-Tracing Technique to Characterize GPS Multipath in the Frequency Domain (2015)

Multipath propagation is one of the major sources of error in GPS measurements. In this research, a ray-tracing technique is proposed to study the frequency domain characteristics of multipath propagation. The Doppler frequency difference, also known as multipath phase rate and fading frequency, between direct (line-of-sight, LOS) and reflected (non-line-of-sight, NLOS) signals is studied as a function of satellite elevation and azimuth, as well as distance between the reflector and the static receiver. The accuracy of the method is verified with measured Doppler differences from real data collected in a downtown environment. The use of ray-tracing derived predicted Doppler differences in a receiver, as a means of alleviating the multipath induced errors in the measurement, is presented and discussed.
Spatial traffic estimation and characterization for mobile communication network design (1998)

This paper presents a new method for the estimation and characterization of the expected teletraffic in mobile communication networks. The method considers the teletraffic from the network viewpoint. The traffic estimation is based on the geographic traffic model, which obeys the geographical and demographical factors for the demand for mobile communication services. For the spatial teletraffic characterization, a novel representation technique is introduced which uses the notion of discrete demand nodes. We show how the information in geographical information systems can be used to estimate the teletraffic demand in an early phase of the network design process. Additionally, we outline how the discrete demand node representation facilitates the application of demand-based automatic mobile network design algorithms.
The ground state structure and properties of erythritol in gas phase and in different solvents: A DFT / SC-IPCM approach (2010)

Quantum mechanical study of the ground state structure and properties of erythritol was carried out in gas phase and in different solvents at the hybrid B3LYP DFT level with complete geometry optimization and varying basis sets [6-311G (d,p) and 6-311++G (d,p)] in order to provide detailed information of the model molecule in solvents of low, medium and high dielectric constant. It was found that the molecule is stabilized by solvation in all cases, the order of stability being water > DMSO > carbontetrachloride. The dipole moment was increased. The charge density on O-atoms were increased almost as per above order indicating that there are two types of O-H groups in the molecule in agreement with the reported experimental findings. Carbon skeleton were planar in water and DMSO by 6-311++G (d,p) basis set gave non planar structure in CCl4. The geometries in water and DMSO were in excellent agreement with the experiment. The calculated IR frequencies are well when compared with the experimental results. The HOMO-LUMO gap remained almost same on solvation.

	 

	Key words: B3LYP DFT, GAUSSIAN, erythritol, charge distribution, gas phase.
1.8 V to 5.0 V mixed-voltage-tolerant I/O buffer with 54.59% output duty cycle (2008)

This paper proposes a 1.8 V to 5.0 V mixed-voltage- tolerant I/O buffer. Unlike traditional mixed-voltage-tolerant I/O buffers, the proposed I/O buffer can transmit and receive the signal with high voltage level (VDDH) and low voltage level (VDDL) by employing an output stage composed of stacked PMOS and staked NMOS. Besides, an auxiliary charging circuit is employed to enhance the driving current Iqjj due to the slow mobility and body effect of the stacked PMOS. With the auxiliary driving mechanism, the duty cycle can be improved to be 54.59% at the worst simulation corner of [SS, 100degC]. The maximum output speed is 90/90/125/90 MHz given a load of 20 pF for VDDIO = 1.8/2.5/3.3/5.0 V. Moreover, the maximum static power consumption is simulated to be 749.73 nW.
Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017)

In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10-15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
Separation of enantiomers by affinity electrokinetic chromatography using avidin (1994)

Avidin, a basic protein isolated from egg white, was employed as a chiral selector in affinity electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) for the separation of acidic enantiomers. Optical isomers of vanilmandelic acid, warfarin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and folinic acid were successfully resolved within 20 min with 25 microM avidin in a linear polyacrylamide-coated capillary under weakly acidic conditions. The effects of pH, the concentration of avidin, addition of an organic solvent such as ethanol and 2-propanol, and temperature on enantioselectivity were investigated. The choice of pH and the organic solvent additive was critical to improve the separation. Some general considerations about affinity EKC are also described, based on a simple one-site interaction model.
A NEW MODIFIED CATHETER FOR VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY (1981)

排尿時膀胱尿道造影 (voiding cystourethrography; VCU) は, 下部尿路機能を評価するためのもつとも有用な検査法の1つである. しかしながら後部尿道に器質的あるいは機能的閉塞がある場合, 外尿道括約筋機能を正確に評価することが困難となる.私たちは, 外尿道括約筋機能を評価するためのVCU用カテーテルを試作した. このカテーテルを使用することにより, 後部尿道の影響を除外した状態でそれを正確に評価できる.試作カテーテルを使用したVCU所見は, 膀胱内圧曲線と外尿道括約筋筋電図の同時記録所見と良く一致し, 下部尿路機能を括約部尿道 (前立腺部尿道) と外尿道括約筋部 (膜様部尿道) とに分けて評価できることが分つた. さらに, この検査法は安全にしかも簡単に施行でき, 有用な検査法と思われる.
Design Of The CIT Gyrotron ECRH Transmission System (1988)

Plans for Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating in the Compact Ignition Tokamak call for at least 10 MW at fields from 7T to 10T with extension to 40 MW possible. 1 MW CW Gyrotron sources for fundamental heating are currently in the design phase. The transmission system must accomodate these high powers in addition to the constraints of small space and access in a tritium environment. Quasi-optical and corrugated guide systems are under consideration, as well as hybrid designs. A preliminary design is presented, and options for alternatives are discussed.
Molecular Antibody Technologies for Biosensors and Bioanalytics (2007)

Abstract Biological or biomimetic components are crucial determinants of biosensors and bioanalytical systems. Although receptors isolated from natural sources showed a high potential for analytical applications, the advance in modern methods in genetic engineering offers new routes for tailoring appropriate receptors for particular analytical tasks. Beside enzymes, hormone receptors, nucleic acids, membrane components, organelles or entire cells antibodies are frequently incorporated as biosensing elements. Due to their variable selectivity Abs are effective tools for the analysis of a wide variety of analytes ranging from low molecular weight agrochemicals (e.g., herbicides, insecticides) to complex proteins (e.g., structures of pathogenic microorganisms). The combination with up to nanomolar or even higher affinity enables the reliable trace analysis of complex sample mixtures without the need for extensive sample pretreatment or large sample volumes. In this chapter state of the art technologies are presented for Ab engineering. This includes principles for establishing Ab libraries. From these libraries selective binders can be isolated and further modified by applying the Darwinian principle of variation and selection in vitro. Experimental examples from our laboratory are given for antibody libraries, which provide a basic source for isolating suitable immunoreagents for pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMO) and pathogens. In contrast to conventional immunoreagents, these Abs are amenable to subsequent optimization by rational design or directed molecular evolution. Furthermore, the molecular format can be modified; additional functions for the directed immobilization on sensing surfaces or integration of markers are installed by engineering fusion proteins. Finally, stability, one of the weaker points of Abs compared to biomimetics such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), can be engineered to warrant Ab functionality even under unfavorable conditions, for instance, under thermal pressure or in presence of denaturating sample components. Finally, limitations of the molecular Ab approach are indicated, which are already apparent and may be overcome by new kinds of biosensors employing straightforward production of alternatives to the Ab scaffold.
Influence of shock wave pressure amplitude and pulse repetition frequency on the lifespan, size and number of transient cavities in the field of an electromagnetic lithotripter (1998)

Monitoring the generation of cavitation is of great interest for diagnostic and therapeutic use of ultrasound in medicine, since cavitation is considered to play a major role in nonthermal ultrasound interactions with tissue. Important parameters are the number of cavitation events and the energy released during the bubble collapse. This energy is correlated to the maximum bubble radius which is related to the cavitation lifespan. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of the acoustic pressure amplitude and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) in the field of a lithotripter (Lithostar, Siemens) on the number, size and lifespan of transient cavitation bubbles in water. We used scattered laser light recorded by a photodiode and stroboscopic photographs to monitor the cavitation activity. We found that PRF (range 0.5-5 Hz) had no influence on the cavitation bubble lifespan and size, whereas lifespan and size increased with the acoustic pressure amplitude. In contrast, the number of cavitation events strongly increased with PRF, whereas the pressure amplitude had no significant influence on the number of cavitation events. Thus, by varying the pressure amplitude and PRF, it might be possible to deliver a defined relative number of cavitations at a defined relative energy level in a defined volume. This seems to be relevant to further studies that address the biological effects of transient cavitation occurring in the fields of lithotripters.
The sequential pneumatic compression device in surgery for lymphedema of the limbs. (1983)

A modified technique for operations for lymphedema of the limbs is presented and illustrated in three cases. The technique consists of using the Lympha-Press, a new sequential pneumatic compression apparatus, which was used before operation for reduction of lymphedema, facilitating the surgical procedure, during operation to enlarge the lymphatic vessels, making creation of the lymphatico-venous anastomosis easier, and after operation to avoid early occlusion of the anastomosis, serous accumulation, pain, wound infection and ugly scars.