gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1-Amino-3,5,7-trinitroadamantane: an unexpected oxidation product of 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane. An improved synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetranitroadamantane (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Amino-3,5,7-trinitroadamantane: an unexpected oxidation product of 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane. An improved synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetranitroadamantaneWalter W. Zajac Jr., Thomas Walters R., and James M. WoodsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 10, 2468–2471Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00271a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00271a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose and Nanocellulose From Pomelo (Citrus grandis) Albedo (2014)

Pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel is one of the under-utilized waste materials that have potential in the production of functional ingredients, due to its high fiber content. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize cellulose and nanocellulose from pomelo albedo. Cellulose was prepared via alkali treatment followed by bleaching process, while nanocellulose was produced via hydrolysis using sulfuric acid. The physicochemical and structural properties of the produced materials were characterized using proximate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and water holding capacity (WHC). Proximate analysis showed that pomelo albedo contains 72.62% carbohydrate, 16.13% moisture, 6.27% protein, 3.41% ash and 1.56% fat. FTIR spectra for cellulose and nanocellulose confirms absorption bands characteristic of pure celluloses at 3334, 2902, 1630, 1427, 1030 and 896 cm-1. The crystallinity index (CrI) of the isolated nanocellulose was found considerably higher than that of cellulose with the value of 60.27% and 57.47%, respectively. Water holding capacity (WHC) of nanocellulose was also higher (p<0.05) than cellulose with the value of 12.75 g water/g and 8.9 g water/g respectively. We conclude that pomelo albedo can be a principal source of natural cellulose and nanocellulose materials which can be further manipulated for food ingredient applications.
Allele-dependent transcriptional regulation of the human integrin α2 gene (2001)

Genetically controlled variation in alpha2beta1 expression by human blood platelets was previously described. Sixty-two haplotype sequences corresponding to the proximal 5' regulatory region (-1096 to +1) of the alpha2 gene were compared, and a dimorphic sequence -52C>T was identified that is located precisely between 2 tandem Sp1/Sp3 binding elements previously shown to be absolutely required for transcriptional activity of this gene in epithelial cell lines and the erythroleukemic cell line K562. The gene frequency of -52T in a random Caucasian population is approximately 0.35, and the expression of -52T correlates directly with reduced densities of platelet alpha2beta1. In mobility shift analyses, the -52T substitution attenuates complex formation with both Sp1 and Sp3. When transfected into the erythroleukemia cell line Dami, promoter-luciferase constructs bearing the -52T sequence exhibit a 5-fold decrease in activity relative to the -52C construct. In transfected CHRF-288-11 megakaryocytic cells, the corresponding activity decreases by 10-fold. The -52T sequence appears to be in linkage disequilibrium with the previously defined allele A3 (807C; HPA-5b), known to be associated with diminished expression of platelet alpha2beta1. In summary, a natural dimorphism has been identified within the proximal 5' regulatory region of the human integrin alpha2 gene that is responsible for decreased expression levels of the integrin alpha2beta1 on blood platelets through a mechanism that is probably mediated by the nuclear regulatory proteins Sp1 and Sp3.
Automatic bus routing and passenger geocoding with a geographic information system (2002)

This paper presents the design and applications of a decision support system developed for bus routing, route sequence mapping and passenger geocoding. The system, built on a geographic information system (GIS), is suitable for municipal transit planning and school bussing. The system consists of six operational modules: (1) the single routing module allows the user to select either street segments or bus stops from a street map to generate optimal routes; (2) the walking-distance maintenance module identifies street segments that are within a user-specified distance from a school; (3) the bus-stop optimization module identifies the optimal sites for locating bus stops based on travel demand; (4) the passenger plotting module reads a file of passenger information, geocodes their addresses, and then plots their locations on the street map; (5) the multiple routing module delineates multiple routes based on information of passengers, bus stop locations, and the bus fleet; and (6) the complex routing module generates multiple routes with multiple destinations for passengers that require special equipment. Additional modules can be programmed using the macro-language programming tool to serve user-specific purposes.
Ablation of the otcC Gene Encoding a Post-polyketide Hydroxylase from the Oxytetracyline Biosynthetic Pathway in Streptomyces rimosus Results in Novel Polyketides with Altered Chain Length (2005)

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a 19-carbon polyketide antibiotic made by Streptomyces rimosus. The otcC gene encodes an anhydrotetracycline oxygenase that catalyzes a hydroxylation of the anthracycline structure at position C-6 after biosynthesis of the polyketide backbone is completed. A recombinant strain of S. rimosus that was disrupted in the genomic copy of otcC synthesized a novel C-17 polyketide. This result indicates that the absence of the otcC gene product significantly influences the ability of the OTC "minimal" polyketide synthase to make a polyketide product of the correct chain length. A mutant copy of otcC was made by site-directed mutagenesis of three essential glycine codons located within the putative NADPH-binding domain. The mutant gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and biochemical analysis confirmed that the gene product was catalytically inactive. When the mutant gene replaced the ablated gene in the chromosome of S. rimosus, the ability to make a 19-carbon backbone was restored, indicating that OtcC is an essential partner in the quaternary structure of the synthase complex.
Line-to-ground capacitance calculation for VLSI: a comparison (1988)

A comparison is made between various approximations of the line-to-ground capacitance problem in a VLSI environment. It is shown that with up-to-date dimensions, the simple parallel-plate model is no longer adequate. However, easy-to-use and fast-to-compute formulas exist that result in accurate and reliable capacitance values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mediated amperometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at a poly(vinyl chloride) covered electrode using 1,4-benzoquinone and diaphorase (1995)

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), produced from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was catalytically oxidized using diaphorase and 1, 4-benzoquinone to yield 1, 4-hydroquinone. This benzoquinone redox mediator was readily detected at an electrode polarized at +0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) so avoiding the high overpotentials required for a direct electrochemical measurement of NADH. Also, the lipophilic nature of the hydroquinone enabled a novel high selectivity plasticized PVC membrane mounted over the electrode to be exploited. The mediator/PVC combination achieved NADH calibration linear up to at least 100 μM. When used to assay G6PDH activity, a linear calibration from 0.1–1.0 U/mL was produced. The detection system offers the possibility of highly selective measurement of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in biological samples without sample preparation and could provide the basis for simplified homogeneous immunoassays as well as dehydrogenase amperometric enzyme electrodes.
Bridging the gap between interpreting classrooms and real-life interpreting (2015)

Developing students’ interpreting competence requires not only systematic training of interpreting skills but also sufficient authentic and deliberate practice, as well as acquisition of professional interpreting strategies and norms. To this end, students need to be encouraged to do more autonomous, situated, and self-reflective learning in addition to classroom learning. This article reports on an interpreting-corpus-based blendedlearning project of interpreter training, which, by complementing in-class instruction with out-of-class online practice, was designed to enhance students’ awareness of interpreting strategies and to develop their professional competence. The design, implementation and effectiveness of the project are described and an experiential learning model with an “Experiencing – Observation – Reflection – Discussion” cycle proposed.
Virtual Environments in Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation (1997)

Brain damage constitutes a major problem for those affected, for their families and friends and for society as a whole. The need for effective rehabilitation strategies is clear. Yet, until the early 1960s, the brain was generally considered to be a somewhat fixed and inflexible organ. In consequence the impairments associated with brain damage were generally regarded as "incurable". Since that time neuroscientists have had reason to change their views dramatically. However, much remains to be done. Progress depends upon a co-ordinated multidisciplinary approach within which assistive technology will be a key player. Within the area of assistive technology, one of the developments which holds particular promise for the field of neurological rehabilitation is the computer technology underlying virtual environments (commonly known as virtual reality). In this chapter we describe the new opportunities offered by virtual reality to pursue several aspects of the rehabilitation process. The value of the technology of virtual environments in this context is that it allows us to immerse people with brain damage in relatively realistic interactive environments which, because of their patterns of impairment, would otherwise be unavailable to them.
Use of new coordinates for the template space in a hierarchical search for gravitational waves from inspiraling binaries (2000)

We discuss a method to analyze data from interferometric gravitational wave detectors focusing on the technique of hierarchical search to detect gravitational waves from inspiraling binaries. For this purpose, we propose new coordinates to parametrize the template space. Using our new coordinates, we develop several new techniques for a two step search, which would reduce the computation cost by a large amount. These techniques become more important when we need to implement a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ test as a detection criterion.
Image analysis quantitation of immunoreactive retinoblastoma protein in human thyroid neoplasms with a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase staining technique. (1991)

Studies investigating the molecular pathogenesis of common thyroid neoplasms have shown altered expression and/or structure of proto-oncogenes, G-proteins, and growth factors. Growth suppressor genes, genomic DNA segments that code for proteins believed to function as growth suppressors, have not been evaluated for a potential role in the pathogenesis of thyroid neoplasms. The retinoblastoma gene (RB1) maps to chromosome 13q14 and encodes a 110 kilodalton variably phosphorylated nuclear protein (Rb) that functions as a growth suppressor in a wide variety of human tissues. The frequent association of Rb protein loss with multiple neoplasms has prompted the authors to apply a specific and rapid immunohistochemical technique using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technology evaluated by image analysis that can be used to quantitate the level of immunoreactive Rb protein (iRb) in thyroid neoplasms. In utilizing streptavidin-biotin technology for nuclear iRb detection, artifacts that can be associated with the use of avidin such as nonspecific binding at physiologic pH and nonspecific complex formation with cellular components including chromatin are avoided. By this method, positive nuclear staining for iRb in the follicular cells of three follicular adenomas and in CV-1 control cells known to express Rb was demonstrated. Two papillary carcinomas, two medullary carcinomas and a SAOS-2 cell line known to produce a defective form of Rb stained at significantly lower levels (P less than .001). The authors conclude that the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase staining technique evaluated by image analysis is a sensitive and specific detection system for nuclear iRb studies; has significant advantages over previously used techniques; and that thyroid neoplasms may variably express iRb which may, in part, reflect their variable pathogenesis.
LiveSim: A Fast Hot Reload Simulator for HDLs (2020)

With the increased complexity of digital architectures and aggregation of specialized hardware, functional simulation has become a major bottleneck in digital design. During functional and performance verification of a design, engineers make several iterations to determine the impact of code changes into the simulation result. These iterations are time-consuming both because the compilation time of hardware description to binary is slow and because simulation can take several hours until the point of interest is reached. In contrast, live programming environments allow developers to manipulate the system under development as it is being run. They have become increasingly popular as they provide rapid feedback, yet there is no available live environment for hardware development. In this paper, we propose a live programming and simulation environment that targets hardware design. Our approach is language-independent and leverages incremental compilation, hot binary reloading, and checkpointing to provide fast feedback to the user. We take special care to not replicate code for multiple instances of the same module and thus prevent code bloat, for instance, for multi-and many-core architectures. Our framework also is careful in verifying the consistency across checkpoints, to leverage parallel execution and reduce the amount of code that requires compilation. Our results show that this approach can provide simulation feedback in under 2 seconds, even when simulating a 256 RISC-V multicore architecture. As a reference, Verilator did not finish compiling this architecture after 24 hours of runtime.
LATERAL DIFFUSION LPE GROWTH OF SINGLE CRYSTALLINE SILICON FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS (2012)

A modified liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique, called lateral diffusion LPE (LDLPE), is invented for low cost and high efficiency solar cell applications. Potentially, LDLPE is able to produce single crystalline silicon wafers directly from the raw material, rather than cutting wafers from single crystalline silicon ingots, therefore reducing the cost by avoiding the cutting and polishing processes. By using a traditional LPE method, the silicon is epitaxially grown on the silicon substrate by cooling down the saturated silicon/indium alloy solution from a high temperature. The silicon precipitates on the substrate since its solubility in the indium solvent decreases during the cooling process. A SiO<sub>2</sub> mask is formed on the (111) substrate with 100µm wide opening windows as seedlines. Silicon is epitaxially grown on the seedline and forms thick epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) layers on the oxide mask. The ELO layers are silicon strips with an aspect ratio of 1:1 (width: thickness), approximately. The strip grows both laterally in width and vertically in thickness. The concept of LDLPE is to intentionally block the silicon diffusion path from the top of the seedline, but leave the lateral diffusion path from the bulk indium melt to the seedline. Theoretically, by using the LDLPE method, the silicon strip should have a larger aspect ratio, because the laterally growth in width is allowed but the vertical growth in thickness is limited. In addition, single crystalline silicon wafers can be achieved if the strip grows continuously. A graphite slide boat is designed to place a plate over the seedline to block the diffusion path of silicon atoms from the top of the seedline. After one growth cycle, silicon strips grown by LDLPE are wider than LPE strips but have similar thicknesses. The aspect ratios are increased from 1:1 to a number larger than 2:1. A Monte-Carlo random walk model is used to simulate the change of LDLPE strip aspect ratio caused by placing a plate over the seedline. Wetting seedline by indium melt is very critical for a successful growth. Due to the small space between the plate and seedline and the surface tension of the indium melt, the indium melt cannot flow into the small space. A pre-wetting technique is used to fill the space prior to loading the graphite boat into the tube furnace and solve the wetting problem successfully. The structure of a LDLPE silicon strip is characterized by X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties are characterized by Hall Effect measurement and photoconductive decay measurement. LDLPE silicon strips are (111) orientated single crystal and are the same orientation as the substrate. For the growth temperature of 950°C, the LDLPE strip has an estimated effective minority carrier lifetime of 30.9µs. The experimental results demonstrate that LDLPE is feasible for photovoltaic application if continuous growth and scaling up can be achieved.
A Multibiometric Encryption Key Algorithm Using Fuzzy Vault to Protect Private Key in BioPKI Based Security System (2010)

the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) provides excellent security for e-transactions and other applications. However, in traditional PKI system, Private Key is often stored at central databases or inside distributed smart-cards and protected by password or PIN that may be lost, stolen, forgotten or guessed. Current trend for PKI system is to be based on physiological and behavioral characteristics of people, known as biometrics. But this approach still poses a threat which is the secrecy of template. Moreover, biometric based security system also faces some problems such as: noise in sensed data, intra-class variations, inter-class similarities, non-universality, spoofing attack’ In this paper, we propose a Multibiometric Encryption Key Algorithm to overcome the aforementioned issues by using Fuzzy Vault Scheme - a cryptosystem - which secures both the Private Key and multi-biometric templates. We also present the BioPKI system in which the algorithm is integrated. The experimental results with the system are encouraging.
Transport properties of an incommensurate system (1986)

The exactly solvable model of Grempel, Fishman, and Prange of a particle in a potential having two periods is discussed. If the ratio of the periods is a typical irrational the states are all localized. A convenient form for the Green's function of the model is given and used to obtain a simple expression for the ac conductivity. In the one-dimensional case, the frequency and temperature dependence of the conductivity is found and the crossover to Mott phonon-assisted hopping is discussed. An expression for the transmission coefficient is found and its length dependence and resonances are considered.
Structure of mechanically activated high-energy Al + polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposites (2009)

The structure of high-energy Al/polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposites prepared by mechanochemical synthesis is studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and chemical analysis. It is revealed that the composite consists of aluminum particles with sizes of 100–150 nm separated by the polymer layers. The formation of nanocomposite is accompanied by the accumulation of dislocations with the density ρ = (4 ± 1.5) × 1010 cm−2. Upon the shock-wave initiation of activated samples, Al + (-C2 F4-) → AlF3 + C reaction propagates in detonation-similar regime at supersonic speed. The velocity of detonation is the highest at the stoichiometric component ratio.
κ Chain variable region from M167, a phosphorylcholine binding myeloma protein (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTκ Chain variable region from M167, a phosphorylcholine binding myeloma proteinStuart Rudikoff and Michael PotterCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 14, 2703–2707Publication Date (Print):July 11, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 11 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00607a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00607a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BPEmb: Tokenization-free Pre-trained Subword Embeddings in 275 Languages (2017)

We present BPEmb, a collection of pre-trained subword unit embeddings in 275 languages, based on Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE). In an evaluation using fine-grained entity typing as testbed, BPEmb performs competitively, and for some languages bet- ter than alternative subword approaches, while requiring vastly fewer resources and no tokenization. BPEmb is available at https://github.com/bheinzerling/bpemb