gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic <scp>AMP</scp> underpins suppression by regulatory <scp>T</scp> cells (2012)

Elevated levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in naturally occurring T regulatory (nTreg) cells play a key role in nTreg-cell-mediated suppression. Upon contact with nTreg cells, cAMP is transferred from nTreg cells into activated target CD4(+) T cells and/or antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via gap junctions to suppress CD4(+) T-cell function. cAMP facilitates the expression and nuclear function of a potent transcriptional inhibitor, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), resulting in ICER-mediated suppression of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Furthermore, ICER inhibits transcription of nuclear factor of activated T cell c1/α (NFATc1/α) and forms inhibitory complexes with preexisting NFATc1/c2, thereby inhibiting NFAT-driven transcription, including that of IL-2. In addition to its suppressive effects mediated via ICER, cAMP can also modulate the levels of surface-expressed cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and its cognate B7 ligands on conventional CD4(+) T cells and/or APCs, fine-tuning suppression. These cAMP-driven nTreg-cell suppression mechanisms are the focus of this review.
Photoacoustic Effect with Solids: A Theoretical Treatment (1975)

Chopped light impinging on a solid sample in an enclosed cell produces an acoustic signal within the cell. A derivation for the acoustic pressure supports the experimental observation that optical absorption spectra may be obtained from the acoustic signal even when the sample is completely opaque to transmitted light.
FACTORS INFLUENCING PRECIPITATION OF pH-ADJUSTED BUPIVACAINE SOLUTIONS (1990)

Solutions of bupivacaine precipitate when bicarbonate is added. This limits the clinical use of pH-adjustment in optimizing bupivacaine activity. In this study four different bupivacaine solutions were studied with the addition of sodium bicarbonate at 4 degrees C or 20 degrees C. Bupivacaine concentrations remained unchanged after pH-adjustment. Least crystallization was observed with bupivacaine solutions containing a small amount of sodium bicarbonate and stored at 4 degrees C.
A new aspect on mechanical stress effects in scaled MOS devices (1990)

MOS device characteristics were investigated by imposing external mechanical stress on a Si chip and experimental results are physically evaluated using mechanical stress simulation. Deviation of device characteristics due to external stress is strongly dependent on gate length. This is due to a redistribution of stress in the channel by external stress, which is a strong function of length. That is, the shorter the gate length, the smaller the surface stress due to external stress along the channel. Experiments on hot-carrier injection shows that external compressive stress longitudinal to the current flow increases the capture rate of hot electrons in SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and that tensile stress has less influence in both NMOS and PMOS. In deep-submicron devices, the external stress effect tends to be less. This will be favorable for final fabrication like packaging
Murine hematopoietic reconstitution after tagging and selection of retrovirally transduced bone marrow cells (1997)

A major problem facing the effective treatment of patients with cancer is how to get the specific antitumor agent into every tumor cell. In this report we describe the use of a strategy that, by using retroviral vectors encoding a truncated human CD5 cDNA, allows the selection of only the infected cells, and we show the ability to obtain, before bone marrow transplantation, a population of 5-fluouracil-treated murine bone marrow cells that are 100% marked. This marked population of bone marrow cells is able to reconstitute the hematopoietic system in lethally irradiated mice, indicating that the surface marker lacks deleterious effects on the functionality of bone marrow cells. No gross abnormalities in hematopoiesis were detected in mice repopulated with CD5-expressing cells. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of the hematopoietic cells no longer expresses the surface marker CD5 in the 9-month-old recipient mice. This transcriptional inactivity of the proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) was accompanied by de novo methylation of the proviral sequences. Our results show that the use of the CD5 as a retrovirally encoded marker enables the rapid, efficient, and nontoxic selection in vitro of infected primary cells, which can entirely reconstitute the hematopoietic system in mice. These results should now greatly enhance the power of studies aimed at addressing questions such as generation of cancer-negative hematopoiesis.
Analysis of the composition of immunoconjugates using size‐exclusion chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (2005)

Abstract Recombinant monoclonal antibody drug products play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various diseases. Antibodies are large, multi‐chain proteins and antibody preparations often contain several molecular variants, which renders them heterogeneous. The heterogeneity is further increased in immunoconjugates prepared by covalently linking several drug molecules per antibody molecule. As part of the product characterization, the molecular weights of the antibodies or their drug conjugates need to be measured. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is well suited for the analysis of recombinant antibodies and immunoconjugates. Sample preparation is an important element of ESI‐MS analysis, in particular samples need to be freed of interfering charged species, such as salts and buffer components. In this paper, Amicon centrifugal filters, reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and size‐exclusion HPLC were evaluated for sample desalting. Size‐exclusion HPLC, using aqueous acetonitrile as the mobile phase, directly coupled to ESI‐MS provided the best performance and was optimized for the study of immunoconjugates. The results showed that antibodies carrying covalently linked maytansinoid molecules generated charge envelope profiles that differ from those of the non‐conjugated antibody. For the determination of the distribution of the various conjugate species in an immunoconjugate sample prepared by randomly linking in the average 3.6 drug molecules per antibody molecule, the experimental conditions needed to be carefully selected to allow acquisition of the whole spectrum containing the charge envelopes of all species. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preservation of Chitinolytic <i>Pantoae agglomerans</i> in a Viable Form by Cellular Dried Alginate‐Based Carriers (2002)

Improved viability of Gram-negative bacteria during freeze-dehydration, storage, and soil inoculation is of crucial importance to their efficient application. The chitinolytic Pantoae (Enterobacter) agglomerans strain IC1270, a potential biocontrol agent of soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi, was used as a model organism to study the efficacy of freeze-dried alginate-based beads (macrocapsules) as possible carriers for immobilized Gram-negative bacterial cells. These macrocapsules were produced by freeze-dehydration of alginate gel spherical beads, in which different amounts of bacteria, glycerol, and colloidal chitin were entrapped. Subsequent drying produced different unexpected structures, pore-size distributions, and changes in the outer and inner appearance of the resultant dried cellular solid. With increasing glycerol content, the proportion of larger pores increased. These structures can be related to changes in the slow-release properties of the dried beads. The amount of glycerol in the beads differed from that in the alginate solution as a result of leakage during the beads' preparation and dehydration. Entrapping 10(9) cells per bead produced from alginate solution containing 30% glycerol and 1% chitin resulted in improved (in comparison to other studies) survival prospects (95%) during freeze-drying. Moreover, immobilization of the bacterium sharply improved its survival in nonsterile irrigated and dry soils compared to bacteria in a water suspension. The results suggest that optimized conservation of Gram-negative bacteria in dry glycerol-containing alginate-based cellular solids is not only possible but applicable for a variety of uses.
Single amino acid substitutions in the N‐terminus of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> TcpA affect colonization, autoagglutination, and serum resistance (1995)

The toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) of Vibrio cholerae O1 is required for successful infection of the host. TcpA, the structural subunit of TCP, belongs to the type IV family of pilins, which includes the PilE pilin of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recently, single amino acid changes in the N-terminus of PilE were found to abolish autoagglutination in gonococci. As type IV pilins demonstrate some similarities in function and amino acid sequence, site-directed mutagenesis and allelic exchanges were used to create corresponding mutations in TcpA. All four mutant strains demonstrated autoagglutination defects, and all were highly defective for colonization in the infant mouse model. These results support the previously proposed correlation between autoagglutination and colonization. Finally, all four mutants are serum sensitive, indicating that TcpA plays a role in serum resistance, a phenotype previously attributed to TcpC. As the mutations have similar effects in N. gonorrhoeae and V. cholerae, our results support the idea that type IV pilins have similar functions in a variety of pathogenic bacteria.
Low-light hyperspectral imager for characterization of biological samples based on an sCMOS image sensor (2011)

The new "scientific CMOS" (sCMOS) sensor technology has been tested for use in hyperspectral imaging. The sCMOS offers extremely low readout noise combined with high resolution and high speed, making it attractive for hyperspectral imaging applications. A commercial HySpex hyperspectral camera has been modified to be used in low light conditions integrating an sCMOS sensor array. Initial tests of fluorescence imaging in challenging light settings have been performed. The imaged objects are layered phantoms labelled with controlled location and concentration of fluorophore. The camera has been compared to a state of the art spectral imager based on CCD technology. The image quality of the sCMOS-based camera suffers from artifacts due to a high density of pixels with excessive noise, attributed to the high operating temperature of the array. Image processing results illustrate some of the benefits and challenges of the new sCMOS technology.
A post-Caledonian dolerite dyke from Magerøy, North Norway: age and geochemistry (1991)

A post-Caledonian, NW-SE trending, dolerite dyke on Margeroy has a geochemical signature comparable to that of continental tholeites. Clinopyroxenes from three samples of the dolerite gave K-Ar ages of ca. 312, ca. 302 and ca. 266 Ma, suggesting a Permo-Carboniferous age. In view of low K 2 O contents of the pyroxenes and the possible presence of excess argon, it is argued that the most reliable estimate of the emplacement age of the dyke is provided by the unweighted mean value, namely 293 ± 22 Ma. This Late Carboniferous age coincides with the later stages of a major phase of rifting and crustal extension in adjacent offshore areas
Development of a topographical imaging device for the near-planar surfaces of paintings: (2013)

Despite some challenges, dental students could adapt to the new learning methods of full DL and the majorities agreed blended learning that combined classroom and distance learning can be implemented henceforth. This current COVID-19 pandemic, changes not only the utilization of technology in education but the pedagogy strategies in the future.
Comparative study of multicast authentication schemes with application to wide-area measurement system (2013)

Multicasting refers to the transmission of a message to multiple receivers at the same time. To enable authentication of sporadic multicast messages, a conventional digital signature scheme is appropriate. To enable authentication of a multicast data stream, however, an authenticated multicast or multicast authentication (MA) scheme is necessary. An MA scheme can be constructed from a conventional digital signature scheme or a multiple-time signature (MTS) scheme. A number of MTS-based MA schemes have been proposed over the years. Here, we formally analyze four MA schemes, namely BiBa, TV-HORS, SCU+ and TSV+. Among these MA schemes, SCU+ is an MA scheme we constructed from an MTS scheme designed for secure code update, and TSV+ is our patched version of TSV, an MA scheme which we show to be vulnerable. Based on our simulation-validated analysis, which complements and at places rectifies or improves existing analyses, we compare the schemes' computational and communication efficiencies relative to their security levels. For numerical comparison of the schemes, we use parameters relevant for a smart (power) grid component called wide-area measurement system. Our comparison shows that TV-HORS, while algorithmically unsophisticated and not the best performer in all categories, is the most balanced performer. SCU+, TSV+ and by implication the schemes from which they are extended do not offer clear advantages over BiBa, the oldest among the schemes.
A Novel Unambiguous Multipath Mitigation Scheme for BOC(kn, n) Tracking in GNSS (2007)

Binary offset carrier (BOC) signal tracking is one of the challenging problems in future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including Galileo and Global Positioning System (GPS), because false lock could be generated in the tracking procedure due to multiple side-peaks in BOC autocorrelation. Multipath mitigation is another challenging problem in GNSS systems, because the presence of multi-path signals gives a range error. Recently, a novel tracking scheme for the BOC signal was proposed by Garin. However, it cannot completely resolve the ambiguity problem due to the false lock and has not enough multipath mitigation performance. Moreover, Garin's scheme is applicable to only BOC (n, n). In this paper, we propose a novel unambiguous multipath mitigation scheme. The proposed scheme is applicable to various BOC signals (i.e., BOC (kn, n)) and does not incur false lock point in the tracking procedure. In addition, the proposed scheme has appropriate multipath mitigation performance than traditional and Garin's schemes
The Effect of Valproic Acid on Plasma Carnitine Levels (1991)

Plasma total, free, and acyl carnitine levels were determined in four groups of children: (1) those treated with valproic acid as monotherapy (n = 43), (2) those treated with valproic acid plus other antiepileptics as polytherapy (n = 91), (3) those treated with other antiepileptic drugs alone (n = 43), and (4) normal patients (n = 89). The mean free carnitine level was significantly lower in both the valproic acid monotherapy (29.9 mumol/L) and polytherapy (21.4 mumol/L) groups compared with normal subjects (36.8 mumol/L); it was also significantly lower than that in patients treated with other antiepileptic drugs (36.7 mumol/L). Comparison of valproic acid polytherapy and monotherapy yielded significantly lower free carnitine levels in the polytherapy group. The ratios of acyl to free carnitine for monotherapy (0.41) and polytherapy (0.45) were significantly higher than that in the normal group (0.25). This study indicates that a general decrease in the carnitine pool should be anticipated in patients taking valproic acid polytherapy and, to a lesser degree, monotherapy. Carnitine levels in the group taking other drugs did not differ from normal.
Serological and Immunological Relationships between the 146S and 12S Particles of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (1980)

Intact 146S particles of the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) produce type-specific precipitating, complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies in cattle and guinea-pigs. However, the 12S structural subunit, produced from the virus particle by mild acid treatment (pH 6) or by heating at 56 degrees C, although stimulating the production of precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies, produces only low levels of neutralizing antibody. Nevertheless, 12S antibody in guinea-pigs primed with a vaccine prepared from 146S particles. Moreover, heterotypic 12S and 146S particles also boosted the neutralizing antibody response to the first virus. These results point to an antigenic similarity between the 146S particles of each type and to a close antigenic relationship between the 146S and 12S particles.
Light Extraction in GaInN Light-Emitting Diodes using Diffuse Omnidirectional Reflectors (2006)

A theoretical and experimental analysis of light extraction in GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) employing diffuse omnidirectional reflectors is presented. The diffuse omnidirectional reflector consists of GaN, a Ni/Au current spreading layer, a SiO2 layer roughened by Ar ion etching, and a Ag layer. Randomly distributed polystyrene spheres are used as an etch mask. The diffusely reflected power is enhanced by two orders of magnitude for a roughened reflector surface compared with a planar surface. The GaInN LEDs with diffuse omnidirectional reflectors show a higher light output (>3.3%) and a lower angular dependence of emission than LEDs with specular reflectors. The enhancement is attributed to reduced trapping of light within the high-index GaN semiconductor. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society.
.pi.-Bond strengths in the second and third periods (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.pi.-Bond strengths in the second and third periodsMichael W. Schmidt, Phi N. Truong, and Mark S. GordonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 17, 5217–5227Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00251a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00251a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1098Altmetric-Citations283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 288K CMOS EPROM with redundancy (1983)

A 150 ns 288K CMOS EPROM with a nine-block cell array and a standby current of less than 1 /spl mu/A has been developed. This device can be used as an 8 or 9-bit EPROM. The ninth block can be used as a redundant block by electrically programmable polysilicon fuses. A redundant row decoder is also included. Improvements in the lithography and process technologies have reduced the cell size to 9 /spl times/ 6 /spl mu/m and the chip size to 7.44 /spl times/ 4.65 mm.
Evaluation of a Similarity-based Approach to Customer-adaptive Electronic Sales Dialogs (2001)

. Personalized consultation in large-scale businesses like found in electronic shops is getting more and more important. To provide customers with adequate product information, an automated, dynamic, customer-adaptive dialog has to be carried on that simulates a real sales talk between a sales person and a customer. The task of an electronic sales system is to gain very quickly as much information as possible from the customer. In this context, many approaches for dynamic question selection in automated dialogs only concentrate on dialog length using an information gain measure like the entropy approach. Neither the customers&apos; product knowledge nor the quality of the produced dialogs is taken into account. Here, we present a new measure for question selection in combination with consideration of the costs a question causes dependent on the respective customer class. Detailed evaluations show that this approach produces dialogs that reach the expected retrieval result with fewer questions. Keywords: customer-adaptive sales dialog, demand acquisition, information gain measure, variance, case-based reasoning, electronic commerce scenario. 1.
Energy-Efficient Phase-Aware Scheduling for Heterogeneous Multicore Processors (2012)

While the multicore processors common today are typically homogeneous (i.e. composed of multiple cores of identical design), ever-more-stringent energy and performance constraints are making heterogeneous multicore processors increasingly attractive alternatives. Because applications vary significantly in the computing resources that they can effectively exploit, they observe drastically different energy consumption and performance depending on the characteristics of the processor core(s) they are running on. Heterogeneous computing cores can more efficiently meet the specialized needs of varied applications. However, while heterogeneous types of cores can be beneficial, the added complexity of heterogeneity can significantly complicate the scheduling of application threads to cores of different types. To achieve energy efficiency, a scheduler must attempt to minimize energy consumption by finding the optimal application to core mapping. Most existing approaches to mapping applications to heterogenous cores do so statically-that is they determine a priori the fitness of a particular application thread to a particular core type. This paper demonstrates that significant reduction in energy consumption can be achieved by dynamically adjusting this mapping as application behavior changes with new program phases. This paper further proposes an online scheduler that re- evaluates the program-to-core assignment when a phase-change of a program occurs, in order to optimize the scheduler for energy consumption. Our results show significant energy reduction over random scheduling of programs within a heterogeneous multicore processor.
[Do not forget hand, foot and mouth disease when confronted with a vesicular eruption]. (2001)

Un jeune homme âge de 27 ans est hospitalise pour une eruption de type scarlatiniforme. Au cours de son hospitalisation, des microvesicules apparaissent au niveau des pieds, des mains et de la bouche, huit jours apres le rash scarlatiniforme...