gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocytosis of lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophages. (1993)

Lipopolysaccharide binding sites of mouse peritoneal macrophages were demonstrated by means of immunogold technique. Resident peritoneal macrophages identified by peroxidatic activity in the nuclear envelope and in the rough endoplasmic reticulum show moderate and constant specific binding of bacterial lipopolysaccharide from E. coli to cell surface structures. Labeling of peritoneal macrophages with LPS-gold particles (LPS-Au) at 4 degrees C followed by incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C permits the investigation of LPS endocytosis. After various incubation times LPS-Au was detected in different endocytic compartments. LPS was internalized via coated pits and coated and uncoated vesicles (5 min.). After 60 min, incubation time LPS-Au occurred in electron lucent endosomes, multivesicular bodies, tubulo-reticular structures and in lysosomes. Gold particles appeared mainly in lysosomes after a longer incubation time (240 min.). The results of LPS binding and internalization are in accordance with a postulated LPS-receptor binding.
When Does Label Smoothing Help? (2019)

The generalization and learning speed of a multi-class neural network can often be significantly improved by using soft targets that are a weighted average of the hard targets and the uniform distribution over labels. Smoothing the labels in this way prevents the network from becoming over-confident and label smoothing has been used in many state-of-the-art models, including image classification, language translation and speech recognition. Despite its widespread use, label smoothing is still poorly understood. Here we show empirically that in addition to improving generalization, label smoothing improves model calibration which can significantly improve beam-search. However, we also observe that if a teacher network is trained with label smoothing, knowledge distillation into a student network is much less effective. To explain these observations, we visualize how label smoothing changes the representations learned by the penultimate layer of the network. We show that label smoothing encourages the representations of training examples from the same class to group in tight clusters. This results in loss of information in the logits about resemblances between instances of different classes, which is necessary for distillation, but does not hurt generalization or calibration of the model's predictions.
Peroxidase Antimicrobial System of Human Saliva: Requirements for Accumulation of Hypothiocyanite (1981)

Human saliva was fractionated to determine the components required for production and accumulation of the antimicrobial oxidizing agent, hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-). The required components were: 1) peroxidase activity and thiocyanate ion (SCN-), 2) the saliva sediment, which produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of oxygen and a divalent cation, and 3) heat-stable factors of the saliva supernatant. The supernatant factors were separated into high- and low-mol wt fractions. The high-mol wt fraction contained both peptide and carbohydrate, and its activity was partially inhibited by proteolytic treatment. The low-mol wt fraction contained carbohydrate and could be replaced by a number of mono- and di-saccharides. Glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine were the most effective, whereas neutral sugars such as sucrose were less effective. Sucrose competed with glucosamine, so that lower levels of OSCN- were obtained with increasing amounts of sucrose. The sugars stimulated production of H2O2 by the saliva sediment. Production of H2O2 was greater in the presence of glucosamine than of neutral sugars. Also, the ratio of OSCN- accumulation to H2O2 production was greater in the presence of glucosamine. The results suggest that peroxidase-mediated antimicrobial activity is modulated by the carbohydrate composition of whole saliva and by certain protein and glycoprotein components.
System overview of bipedal robots Flame and TUlip: Tailor-made for Limit Cycle Walking (2008)

The concept of dasiaLimit Cycle Walkingpsila in bipedal robots removes the constraint of dynamic balance at every instance during gait. We hypothesize that this is crucial for the development of increasingly versatile and energy-effective humanoid robots. It allows the application of a wide range of gaits and it allows a robot to utilize its natural dynamics in order to reduce energy use. This paper presents the design and experimental results of our latest walking robot dasiaFlamepsila and the design of our next robot in line dasiaTUlippsila. The focus is on the mechanical implementation of series elastic actuation, which is ideal for Limit Cycle Walkers since it offers high controllability without having the actuator dominating the system dynamics. Walking experiments show the potential of our robots, showing good walking performance, though using simple control.
Alendronate-loaded, biodegradable smart hydrogel: a promising injectable depot formulation for osteoporosis (2017)

Alendronate (ALN) is a BCS III bone resorption inhibitor, with very poor oral bioavailability. Our approach is to develop a minimally invasive thermogelling system for prolonged local delivery of ALN. For this, different chitosan-based thermogels were developed and characterised in terms of gelation time, injectability, pH, viscosity and thermoreversibility. Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/βGP) hydrogel pursued temperature-dependent, thermoreversible gelation behaviour and was thus selected for drug loading. Increasing ALN concentration resulted in hydrogels with lower porosity and higher density. FTIR and DSC proved interaction between ALN, CS with βGP. CS/βGP hydrogel ensured controlled ALN release over 45-65 days depending on initial ALN loading. Freeze drying improved the shelf-life stability with minor impact on thermogelling character. In vivo injection of plain and ALN-loaded hydrogel in rats rapidly gelled 15 min post-injection. Based on histological examination, ALN-loaded thermogel showed less inflammatory response, faster proliferation and maturation of granulation tissue relative to plain thermogel. Hydrogels excised 21-days post-injection proved the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the system. The presented chitosan-based thermogel has significant positive attributes for site-specific, time-controlled, intra-articular delivery of ALN.
Basic Consideration of Actuators with Multi Degrees of Freedom Having an Identical Center of Rotation. (1993)

Actuators with three degrees of freedom used for manipulators have been developed. First, the principle of conventional motors is extended to construct motors with three degrees of freedom. Next, prototype induction and synchronous type motors with three degrees of freedom have been
A <sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptors Stimulate Growth of Porcine and Rat Arterial Endothelial Cells (2002)

The goal of this study was to determine which adenosine receptor subtype mediates growth stimulation by adenosine in arterial endothelial cells. In porcine coronary artery and rat aortic endothelial cells, 2-chloroadenosine (Cl-Ad), a metabolically stable analog of adenosine, stimulated DNA synthesis ((3)H-thymidine incorporation), cellular proliferation (cell number), collagen synthesis ((3)H-proline incorporation), and cell migration. The growth effects of adenosine and Cl-Ad were mimicked by the adenosine receptor agonist 5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine but not by the adenosine receptor agonists N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine, 4-aminobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine or CGS21680, an agonist profile consistent with an A(2B) receptor-mediated effect. The adenosine receptor antagonists KF17837 and 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine but not 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine blocked the growth-stimulatory effects of Cl-Ad and 5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, an antagonist profile consistent with an A(2) receptor-mediated action. Treatment of endothelial cells with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine plus iodotubericidin (inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, respectively) induced endothelial cell growth, and these effects were blocked by 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine and KF17837 but not 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, suggesting that endothelial cell-derived adenosine induces growth via A(2) receptors. The growth-stimulatory effects of Cl-Ad, 5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine plus iodotubericidin were abolished by antisense but not scrambled or sense oligonucleotides to the A(2B) receptor. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that adenosine induces endothelial cell growth by activating A(2B) receptors. Thus, A(2B) receptors may play a critical role in regulating vascular remodeling associated with endothelial cell proliferation in angiogenesis, collateral vessel development, and recovery after vascular injury. Pharmacological or molecular biological activation of A(2B) receptors may be useful in modulating vascular remodeling.
High‐energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy for large severely obstructing prostates and the use of biodegradable stents to avoid catheterization after treatment (1997)

High-energy TUMT can be used on large severely obstructing prostates with major subjective and objective improvements. The biodegradable stent is useful in relieving the problems of catheterization after treatment.
ORGANIZATION IN RELATION TO ENGINEERING OUTPUT AND EFFICIENCY ON THE LONDON AND NORTH EASTERN RAILWAY. RAILWAY ENGINEERING DIVISION. (1944)

Keywords LONDON AND NORTH EASTERN RAILWAY, LNER MACHINERY, ORGANISATION, ENGINEERING, OUTPUT, EFFICIENCY, RAILWAYS, MANAGEMENT, DISTRICT, PERMANENT WAY, RENEWAL, MAINTENANCE, SIGNALS, TELEGRAPHS, WORKS, STRUCTURES, BRIDGES, STOREKEEPING, TRACK, MANUFACTURE, RAILS, CURVES, MACHINES, RENEWAL, REPAIRS, STANDARD, DESIGN, CIRCUITS, ADMINISTRATION... Show All
Altered nocturnal blood pressure profiles in women with insomnia disorder in the menopausal transition (2016)

Our findings suggest altered regulatory control of BP during sleep in the MT insomnia. The causes and long-term consequences of this altered nocturnal BP profile remain to be determined.
Cache-aware load balancing vs. cooperative caching for distributed search engines (2009)

In this paper we study the performance of a distributed search engine from a data caching point of view. We compare and combine two different approaches to achieve better hit rates: (a) send the queries to the node which currently has the related data in its local memory (cache-aware load balancing), and (b) send the cached contents to the node where a query is being currently processed (cooperative caching). Furthermore, we study the best scheduling points in the query computation in which they can be reassigned to another node, and how this reassignation should be performed. Our analysis is guided by statistical tools on a real question answering system for several query distributions, which are typically found in query logs.
Risk behavioural practices of rural mothers as determinants of childhood diarrhoea. (1997)

Maternal behaviours related to certain child care practices which possibly have a contributory role in causation of diarrhoea in children were studied. Comparison was made between behaviours of mothers in 108 families having diarrhoeal children (Case families) with mothers of 72 families having age and neighbourhood matched non diarrhoeal children (control families) using a logistic regression model. Five risk behaviours were identified and these are bottle feeding (OR-2.87; CI-1.30 to 6.34), non-use of soap for cleaning feeding container (OR-2.61; CI-1.30 to 5.23), water storage in wide-mouthed container (OR-2.75; CI-1.27 to 5.96), use of pond water for the same (OR-2.36; CI-1.15 to 4.84) and indiscriminate disposal of children's stool (OR-1.99; CI-0.97 to 4.08). Around 83 per cent of diarrhoeal families could be predicted using these five variables only. The first three of these five risk behaviours were responsible for occurrence of significantly higher incidence (3 or more episodes) of diarrhoea in the case families. All these risk behaviours are amenable to change if suitable intervention is initiated. The result of this study would be helpful in reducing diarrhoea associated morbidity to a substantial level.
A KD<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>light beam deflector (1968)

Experimental results with a light beam deflector consisting of four KD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> P prisms are presented. Between + 20 kV cm and - 20 kV cm we obtainted 21 minutes deflection with 22 resolved diameter. Deflection up to 30 kHz has been achieved.
1,2-Diacetals in Synthesis: Total Synthesis of a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor of Trypanosoma brucei (2000)

A full account on a total synthesis of GPI anchor 1 employing butanediacetal (BDA) groups and a chiral bis(dihydropyran) is presented. The reactivity of selenium and thio glycosides was tuned by the use of BDA groups. This allowed the assembly of an appropriately protected GPI anchor precursor 2 in just six steps from the six building blocks 5-10 including only one protecting group manipulation (see Scheme 1). myo-Inositol was desymmetrised with the bis(dihydropyran) derivative 15 and appropriately protected to give inositol acceptor 21 in nine steps and 17 % overall yield (see Scheme 3). The use of common starting materials and BDA-protections give efficient access to building blocks 5, 6, 7 and 8 (see Scheme 5). A new and improved synthesis of the glucosamine donor 28 is included. In summary, a highly convergent and efficient synthesis of GPI anchor 1, which is clearly adaptable to other GPI anchors, has been reported.
Functional KCa3.1 K+ channels are required for human fibrocyte migration (2011)

The K(+) channel K(Ca)3.1 plays a key role in human fibrocyte migration. Currently available K(Ca)3.1-channel blockers might therefore attenuate tissue fibrosis and remodeling in patients with diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma through the inhibition of fibrocyte recruitment.
The economy of phishing: A survey of the operations of the phishing market (2005)

Phishing has been defined as the fraudulent acquisition of personal information by tricking an individual into believing the attacker is a trustworthy entity [1]. Phishing attacks are becoming more sophisticated and are on the rise. In order to develop effective strategies and solutions to combat the phishing problem, one needs to understand the infrastructure in which phishing economies thrive. We have conducted extensive research to uncover phishing networks. The result is detailed analysis from 3,900,000 phishing e–mails, 220,000 messages collected from 13 key phishing–related chat rooms, 13,000 chat rooms and 48,000 users, which were spidered across six chat networks and 4,400 compromised hosts used in botnets. This paper presents the findings from this research as well as an analysis of the phishing infrastructure.
Efficient Large-Scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on the GPU (2016)

We present a new approach for efficient approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensional spaces, extending the idea of Product Quantization. We propose a two level product and vector quantization tree that reduces the number of vector comparisons required during tree traversal. Our approach also includes a novel highly parallelizable re-ranking method for candidate vectors by efficiently reusing already computed intermediate values. Due to its small memory footprint during traversal the method lends itself to an efficient, parallel GPU implementation. This Product Quantization Tree (PQT) approach significantly outperforms recent state of the art methods for high dimensional nearest neighbor queries on standard reference datasets. Ours is the first work that demonstrates GPU performance superior to CPU performance on high dimensional, large scale ANN problems in time-critical real-world applications, like loop-closing in videos.
Structure of the major glycopeptide of the teicoplanin complex (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of the major glycopeptide of the teicoplanin complexAnn H. Hunt, R. Michael Molloy, John L. Occolowitz, Gary G. Marconi, and Manuel DebonoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 17, 4891–4895Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00329a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00329a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Leukocyte Antigen Haplotypes in the Genetic Control of Immune Response to Measles‐Mumps‐Rubella Vaccine (2006)

To elucidate the contribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and their genotypic combinations to immune status after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, 346 children 12-18 years of age were studied. The class I A*29-Cw*16-B*44 haplotype was associated with lower levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to both measles (P=.08) and mumps (P=.03) viral antigens. The A*26-Cw*12-B*38 haplotype was associated with higher cellular immune responses to measles (P=.02) and mumps (P=.01) vaccine viruses. Subjects with the class II DRB1*03-DQB1*02-DPB1*04 haplotype had higher lymphoproliferative responses to measles virus (P=.01) and mumps virus (P=.006). The DRB1*15/16-DQB1*06-DPB1*03 haplotype was associated with high levels of IgG antibody to measles virus (P=.09) but low levels of IgG antibody to rubella virus (P=.02), whereas DRB1*04-DQB1*03-DPB1*03 was associated with high lymphoproliferative responses to both measles (P=.01) and rubella (P=.002) vaccine viruses. A*26-Cw*12-B*38 was associated with both mumps virus-specific humoral (P=.007) and cell-mediated (P=.01) immune responses after 2 doses of MMR vaccine. Haplotype DRB1*04-DQB1*03-DPB1*03 was associated with both lower rubella virus IgG antibody levels (P=.02) and higher rubella virus-specific lymphoproliferation (P=.002). Better characterization of such HLA profiles could inform and improve the design of novel epitope-rich vaccines and help to predict protective immune responses at the individual and population level.
A point-and-click interface for the real world (2008)

We present a novel interface for human-robot interaction that enables a human to intuitively and unambiguously select a 3D location in the world and communicate it to a mobile robot. The human points at a location of interest and illuminates it (``clicks it'') with an unaltered, off-the-shelf, green laser pointer. The robot detects the resulting laser spot with an omnidirectional, catadioptric camera with a narrow-band green filter. After detection, the robot moves its stereo pan/tilt camera to look at this location and estimates the location's 3D position with respect to the robot's frame of reference.
Regioselective and enantiospecific synthesis of the HSP co-inducer arimoclomol from chiral glycidyl derivatives (2017)

A new efficient chiral synthesis of enantiopure arimoclomol (2) is reported from (R)-(-)-glycidyl nosylate (11) with complete retention of chiral integrity. Off-target pharmacology of arimoclomol (2) was evaluated against a representative set of drug targets and showed modest binding to a few kinases. Pharmacokinetic data was generated in vivo in mouse and showed a low brain : plasma ratio. These studies will be helpful towards a better understanding of the PK-PD relationship of 2 in disease models.
Exploring Critical Aspects of CNN-based Keyword Spotting. A PHOCNet Study (2018)

Deep convolutional neural networks are today the new baseline for a wide range of machine vision tasks. The problem of keyword spotting is no exception to this rule. Many successful network architectures and learning strategies have been adapted from other vision tasks to create successful keyword spotting systems. In this paper, we argue that various details concerning this adaptation could be re-examined, to the end of building stronger spotting models. In particular, we examine the usefulness of a pyramidal spatial pooling layer versus a simpler approach, and show that a zoning strategy combined with fixed-size inputs can be just as effective while less computationally expensive. We also examine the usefulness of augmentation, class balancing and ensemble learning strategies and propose an improved network. Our hypotheses are tested with numerical experiments on the IAM document collection, where the proposed network outperforms all other existing models.
Late Saxon Pottery from Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucester (2012)

Excavations by Bristol University 2005-6, in Berkeley Castle’s walled Victorian garden complex [ST 685 991], recorded a section of Anglo-Saxon ditch likely associated with Berkeley’s Anglo-Saxon Minster. Amongst the finds recovered were 35 sherds of late Saxon pottery, samples of which were examined in thin section and using chemical analysis to establish the source of the vessels, none of which appear to have been made locally in south Gloucestershire. The results of this geological and chemical analysis together with a typological study are consistent with the vessels coming mainly from a source in Wiltshire with a small number coming from Gloucester. They indicate that in the late 10th to early 11th century there was no local pottery industry which could supply south Gloucestershire and consequently that unless a site was of high status, as the minster at Berkeley undoubtedly would have been, the general populace of south Gloucestershire probably did not have access to pottery.
Optimal Inventory Strategy Under Risk: A Contingent Claims Approach (2019)

Inventory management in the agriculture industry involves many sources of risk in terms of demand uncertainty as well as uncertain margins. Divulging an optimal inventory strategy can prove cumbersome to logistics managers. In this thesis, inventory is viewed as a real option on the ability to operate. Contingent claims inventory (CCI) analysis, paired with stochastic binomial real option valuation, provides a model which values the real option embedded in holding inventory and iterates the purchasing strategy until expected profit is maximized. This framework is applied to three industry cases pertaining to: wheat flour milling, fertilizer merchandising, and bulk shipments via primary rail contracts.