gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and application of co-culture for ethanol production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose: a systematic review (2010)

This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic glucose and xylose mixture or various biomass hydrolysates are examined. Strain combinations, fermentation modes and conditions, and fermentation performance for these co-culture systems are compared and discussed. It is noted that the combination of Pichia stipitis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or its respiratory-deficient mutant is most commonly used. One of the best results for fermentation of glucose and xylose mixture is achieved by using co-culture of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and free cells of P. stipitis, giving volumetric ethanol production of 1.277 g/l/h and ethanol yield of 0.49-0.50 g/g. The review discloses that, as a strategy for efficient conversion of glucose and xylose, co-culture fermentation for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can increase ethanol yield and production rate, shorten fermentation time, and reduce process costs, and it is a promising technology although immature.
Novel methods for shaping thin-foil optics for x-ray astronomy (2002)

We report on progress in developing low-cost methods for shaping thin-foil glass x-ray optics. Such optics might serve as substrates for reflection gratings or as foil mirrors in high-throughput missions such as Constellation-X. Novel thermal shaping to lithographically defined pin chucks leads to the desired shape with high accuracy, thereby avoiding the need for replication. To demonstrate this method we have produced 200 micron-thick glass sheets with sub-micron flatness and half power diameter below 10 arc seconds. We also present a process for depositing low-stress metallic coatings that provides high x-ray reflectivity without significant foil distortion.
Huh, what was I Doing? How People Use Environmental Cues after an Interruption (2005)

We examine the effect of environmental cues on being interrupted while performing a task. We conducted an experiment in which participants, after an interruption, received either a blatant environmental cue of their previous action (a red arrow), a subtle environmental cue of their previous action (a cursor that was placed in the same location as their previous action), or no environmental cue at all. We found that participants in the blatant condition resumed their task faster than participants in the other two conditions. Furthermore, a subtle environmental cue was no better than no cue at all. The results support our model of memory for goals.
A Novel Asynchronous Pixel for an Energy Harvesting CMOS Image Sensor (2009)

This paper proposes a novel energy harvesting technique based on an asynchronous pixel structure and an efficient energy generation scheme, referred to as avalanche energy generation (AEG). The key idea behind using an asynchronous type of pixel is to lower the power consumption by enabling only active pixels to be read-out after which they enter into a power generation mode. In this mode, the on-pixel photodetector itself will be used to harvest the light energy from the environment and make it available to active pixels. A very interesting feature about our proposed approach is that during a frame capture, critical energy is mainly required for starting-up activity. Once a group of pixels have been read-out, the available energy will rise and more array activity will contribute to the generation of more energy, hence creating an avalanche effect. In contrast to other early designs of energy harvesting image sensors, our scheme uses the photodetector itself for power generation. This results in better utilization of the photosensitive area and more importantly an improved energy generation scheme. Detailed power analysis and extensive simulation results are provided in this paper, which validate the proposed concept. Three test structures have been fabricated in AMIS 1-poly, 5-metal CMOS 0.35-m n-well process. The power generation process and event generation have been successfully verified experimentally.
A real-time beamformer for high frame rate ultrasound imaging (2016)

High frame rate (HFR) imaging methods based on the transmission of defocused or plane-waves rather than focused beams are increasingly popular. In this work, we present the FPGA-based implementation of a massively parallel beamformer, available on the 256-channel ULtrasound Advanced Open Platform (ULA-OP 256), capable of producing compounded HFR B-Mode images in real-time. The implemented beamformer sustains an average output sample rate of 400 MSPS. This corresponds, for example, to raw radiofrequency images, each of 64 lines by 2048 depths, continuously produced in real-time at a maximum frame rate of 3 kHz. The related beamformed and demodulated data are available for acquisition and/or further real-time processing.
Symbiotic NCR Peptide Fragments Affect the Viability, Morphology and Biofilm Formation of Candida Species (2021)

The increasing rate of fungal infections causes global problems not only in human healthcare but agriculture as well. To combat fungal pathogens limited numbers of antifungal agents are available therefore alternative drugs are needed. Antimicrobial peptides are potent candidates because of their broad activity spectrum and their diverse mode of actions. The model legume <i>Medicago truncatula</i> produces >700 nodule specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides in symbiosis and many of them have in vitro antimicrobial activities without considerable toxicity on human cells. In this work we demonstrate the anticandidal activity of the NCR335 and NCR169 peptide derivatives against five <i>Candida</i> species by using the micro-dilution method, measuring inhibition of biofilm formation with the XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) assay, and assessing the morphological change of dimorphic <i>Candida</i> species by microscopy. We show that both the N- and C-terminal regions of NCR335 possess anticandidal activity as well as the C-terminal sequence of NCR169. The active peptides inhibit biofilm formation and the yeast-hypha transformation. Combined treatment of <i>C. auris</i> with peptides and fluconazole revealed synergistic interactions and reduced 2-8-fold the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Our results demonstrate that shortening NCR peptides can even enhance and broaden their anticandidal activity and therapeutic potential.
Strategies for the Safe Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pacemaker‐Dependent Patients (2005)

While clearly a higher risk group, like nonpacemaker-dependent patients, MRI might be performed in pacemaker-dependent patients if appropriate pacemaker reprogramming, patient monitoring, and MRI scanning techniques are implemented.
Optical feed for a phased array microwave antenna (1987)

Microwave signals for all array elements in a phared array microwave antenna are simultaneously generated by spatial sampling of a moving sinusoidal interference pattern formed between two frequency-offset injection-locked laser diodes. The offset and radar frequency of 3.2 GHz were generated by a Bragg cell. A nearly distortionless antenna beam pattern and 180° steering are demonstrated in a linear seven-element array.
Non-inducibility post-pulmonary vein isolation achieving exit block predicts freedom from atrial fibrillation (2005)

Non-inducibility of AF after bi-directional PV isolation predicts maintenance of sinus rhythm. This finding suggests that routine extensive left atrial ablation may be unnecessary.
Automotive Radar Imaging Using Noncoherent Sensors (2006)

This work treats the development and evaluation of a new concept for an imaging radar algorithm for the automotive environment. The system under investigation, is especially examined for its applicability in a multi-target scenario, i.e. more targets than sensors, a basic requirement of the industry. The assignment problem resulting from trilateration of a multi-target scenario is investigated and solved. Furthermore, sensors without any synchronization of frequency or phase are used to keep the system cost efficient.
Absence of Noncyclic Imide Formation in PMDA−ODA Polyimide (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAbsence of Noncyclic Imide Formation in PMDA−ODA PolyimideJ. M. Konieczny and S. L. WunderView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 016-00, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 23, 7613–7615Publication Date (Web):November 4, 1996Publication History Received9 January 1996Revised5 June 1996Published online4 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9600217https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9600217brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Carbonyls,Infrared light,Nucleic acid structure,Polyimides Get e-Alerts
Second-order nonlinear optical properties of N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(s)-prolinol-doped sol-gel-processed materials (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecond-order nonlinear optical properties of N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(s)-prolinol-doped sol-gel-processed materialsYue Zhang, Paras N. Prasad, and Ryszard BurzynskiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 4, 851–855Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00022a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00022a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyrazolo‐<i>N</i>‐hydroxyuracils from the modified lossen rearrangement of <i>vicinal</i> pyrazoledicarbohydroxamates (1967)

Abstract The reaction of 1‐phenyl‐3,4‐ and 4,5‐pyrazoledicarbohydroxamates, II and VIII, with benzene‐ and methanesulfonyl chlorides is reported. Each hydroxamate yielded two isomeric N ‐phenyl‐ N ‐hydroxypyrimidinediones whose structures were established. The NMR spectra of a number of isomeric pyrazole derivatives are discussed.
Imaging Isotopically Labeled Bacteria at the Single-Cell Level Using High-Resolution Optical Infrared Photothermal Spectroscopy (2021)

We report that the cellular uptake of stable isotope-labeled compounds by bacteria can be probed at the single-cell level using infrared spectroscopy, and this monitors the chemical vibrations affected by the incorporation of "heavy" atoms by cells and thus can be used to understand microbial systems. This presents a significant advancement as most studies have focused on evaluating communities of cells due to the poor spatial resolution achieved by classical infrared microspectrometers, and to date, there is no study evaluating the incorporation of labeled compounds by bacteria at single-cell levels using infrared spectroscopy. The development of new technologies and instrumentations that provide information on the metabolic activity of a single bacterium is critical as this will allow for a better understanding of the interactions between microorganisms as well as the function of individual members and their interactions in different microbial communities. Thus, the present study demonstrates the ability of a novel far-field infrared imaging technique, optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, as a tool to monitor the uptake of <sup>13</sup>C-glucose and <sup>15</sup>N-ammonium chloride by <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria at single-cell levels using spectral signatures recorded via single-point and imaging modes. An additional novelty is that imaging was achieved using six vibrational bands in the amide I and II regions, which were analyzed with chemometrics by employing partial least squares-discriminant analysis to predict <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N simultaneously.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies on<i>N</i>′-Aryl Carbohydrazide P2X<sub>7</sub>Antagonists (2008)

N'-aryl acyl hydrazides were identified as P2X7 receptor antagonists. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies evaluated functional activity by monitoring calcium flux inhibition in cell lines expressing recombinant human and rat P2X7 receptors. Selected analogs were assayed in vitro for their capacity to inhibit release of cytokine IL-1beta. Compounds with potent antagonist function were evaluated in vivo using the zymosan-induced peritonitis model. A representative compound effectively attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Minimally adhesive polymer surfaces prepared from star oligosiloxanes and star oligofluorosiloxanes (2006)

Abstract The effects of the surface energy, storage modulus ( G ′), and glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) on the biofouling behavior of siloxane and fluorosiloxane polymer surfaces (films) were studied. Irregular SiH‐terminated tetrabranched star oligosiloxanes and star oligofluorosiloxanes were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed equilibration of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane or 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐tris(3′,3′,3′‐trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane with tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane, respectively. Terminal epoxy groups were introduced via Pt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation with allyl glycidyl ether to yield compounds that were subsequently crosslinked with α,ω‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)poly(dimethylsiloxane). The resulting films were characterized by goniometry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The foul‐release behavior was studied by the measurement of how strongly sporelings (young plants) of the green seaweed Ulva adhered. The corrosion protection of aluminum was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Fluorosiloxane films displayed higher G ′ and T g values, decreased contact angles (with water), and more effectively released Ulva sporelings in comparison with siloxane films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2551–2566, 2006
Case mix management (1988)

The Freeman Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne is currently introducing case mix management under the auspices of the Department of Health's Resource Management Initiative. Like many other hospitals, particularly teaching institutions and large district general hospitals, Freeman is experiencing a trend towards complex cases arising either from tertiary referrals or technological advance. Successful management has increasingly meant understanding the relationship between the mix of cases treated in a specialty and the implications for resource allocation and expenditure. The biggest obstacle to this cohesive managerial approach has been the inadequacy of existing information systems which have tended to reinforce traditional managerial division between hospital departments and professional disciplines.
Inhibiting TNF-&alpha; signaling does not attenuate induction of endotoxin tolerance (2014)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a central mediator of inflammatory responses elicited by Toll-like receptor agonists, such as the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-α is responsible for altering vascular permeability and activating infiltrating inflammatory cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils. Interestingly, TNF-α has also demonstrated the ability to induce tolerance to subsequent challenges with TNF-α or LPS in monocyte and macrophage cell populations. Tolerance is characterized by the inability to mount a typical inflammatory response during subsequent challenges following the initial exposure to an inflammatory mediator such as LPS. The ability of TNF-α to induce a tolerant-like state with regard to LPS is most likely a regulatory mechanism to prevent excessive inflammation. We hypothesized that the induction of tolerance or the degree of tolerance is dependent upon the production of TNF-α during the primary response to LPS. To investigate TNF-α-dependent tolerance, human monocytic THP-1 cells were treated with TNF-α-neutralizing antibodies or antagonistic TNF-α receptor antibodies before primary LPS stimulation and then monitored for the production of TNF-α during the primary and challenge stimulation. During the primary stimulation, anti-TNF-α treatment effectively attenuated the production of TNF-α and interleukin-1β; however, this reduced production did not impact the induction of endotoxin tolerance. These results demonstrate that interfering with TNF-α signaling attenuates production of inflammatory cytokines without affecting the induction of tolerance.
Characterization of the pneumococcal bacteriophage HB-3 amidase: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli (1990)

HB-3, a temperate bacteriophage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, synthesizes its own murein hydrolase activity when multiplying on cultures of pneumococcus. The enzyme (HBL) was purified and biochemically characterized as an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase of 36,000 daltons, and a 2.1-kilobase DraI fragment containing the lysin gene (hbl) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrated that the primary product of the hbl gene is a form with low enzyme activity that can be converted to a more active form under conditions similar to those previously described for the major pneumococcal autolysin (E. García, J.L. García, C. Ronda, P. García, and R. López, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201:225-230, 1985). The phage-encoded amidase requires the presence of choline in the teichoic acids of the pneumococcal cell walls for in vivo and in vitro activity. Comparative biochemical and immunological tests of the phage-encoded and host amidases revealed a remarkable similarity between these enzymes, although analyses of their N-terminal amino acid sequences allowed us to conclude that the amidases are similar but not identical. This appears to be the first description of the cloning of a phage-encoded amidase in gram-positive bacteria.
Wire bonding technique for high temperature applications (2002)

Palladium (Pd) wire is a favourable metal for wire bonding electronic devices operating an enhanced temperatures. The bonding process was investigated and the significant process parameters were identified. Different parameter sets were worked out for various bonding machines. The separation of the wire after the bonding process was found to be decisive for the quality of the bond. Thermal ageing at enhanced temperatures (i.e. 300/spl deg/C for 1000 h) causes no degradation of the bonds.
Effect of artemisinin derivatives on apoptosis and cell cycle in prostate cancer cells (2010)

Artemisinin is a plant-derived anti-malarial drug that has relatively low toxicity in humans and is activated by heme and/or intracellular iron leading to intracellular free radical formation. Interestingly, artemisinin has displayed anti-cancer activity, with artemisinin dimers being more potent than monomeric artemisinin. Intracellular iron uptake is regulated by the transferrin receptor (TfR), and the activity of artemisinin depends on the availability of iron. We examined the level of TfR in prostate cancer (PCa) tumor cells, synthesized two new artemisinin dimers, and evaluated the effect of dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin dimers, ON-2Py and 2Py, on proliferation and apoptosis in PCa cells. TfR was expressed in the majority of PCa bone and soft tissue metastases, all 24 LuCaP PCa xenografts, and PCa cell lines. After treatment with dihydroartemisinin, ON-2Py, or 2Py all PCa cell lines displayed dose-dependent decrease in cell number. 2Py was most effective in decreasing cell number. An increase in apoptotic events and growth arrest was observed in the C4-2 and LNCaP cell lines. Growth arrest was observed in PC-3 cells, but no significant change was observed in DU 145 cells. Treatment with 2Py resulted in a loss of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin in all four cell lines. 2Py treatment also decreased androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen expression in C4-2 and LNCaP cells, with a concomitant loss of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and c-Myc. This study shows the potential use of artemisinin derivatives as therapeutic candidates for PCa and warrants the initiation of preclinical studies.
Neuroleptic drugs: how to reduce the risk of tardive dyskinesia. (1979)

Prescribing neuroleptic drugs to control disruptive behavior in geriatric patients exposes them to the risk of tardive dyskinesia. Neuroleptics must be administered in the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible period, and should be given only for specific indications, usually psychotic disorders.
Analog field programmable CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) (2013)

This paper defines a approach to design the field programmable CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). All the MOSFETs are replaced by the floating gate MOSFETs to make the OTA design programmable. The charge at the floating gate can be programmed after fabrication, based on Hot-e-injection and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling techniques which results in threshold voltage variation which in turn can modify circuit's specifications. The high frequency small signal analysis of the design is prepared and specifications like output current, Transconductance, input impedance, output impedance and offsets of the design are re-derived in terms of threshold voltages of the MOSFETs. In order to achieve circuits AC and DC characteristics, the circuit is simulated using BSIM3 level 49 MOSFET models in T-spice 0.35um CMOS process. The simulated results shows 13 bit programming precision in transconductance, input impedance, output impedance, Temperature stability and dc offsets with respect to threshold voltage of respective MOSFETs.