gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Applied for Detection of Magnetization Level in the Magnetic Core of a Welding Transformer (2010)

This paper deals with the detection of saturation in the magnetic core of a welding transformer which is a part of a middle-frequency direct current (MFDC) resistance spot welding system (RSWS). It consists of an input rectifier, which produces dc bus voltage, an inverter, a welding transformer, and a full-wave rectifier that is mounted on the output of a transformer. During normal RSWS operation welding transformer's magnetic core can become saturated due to the unbalanced resistances of both transformer secondary windings and different characteristics of output rectifier diodes, which causes current spikes and over-current protection switch-off of the entire system. In order to prevent saturation of the transformer magnetic core, the RSWS control must detect that the magnetic core is approaching the saturated region. The aim of this paper is to present a reliable method for detection of magnetic core saturation that does not require an additional sensor. It is based on the artificial neural network (ANN). Its input is the measured primary current of the welding transformer. The applied ANN is trained to recognize the waveform of the current spikes in the primary current caused by the magnetic core saturation, which is used for magnetization level detection.
DNA Interchain Cross-Links Formed by Acrolein and Crotonaldehyde (2002)

Acrolein and higher alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes are bifunctional genotoxins. The deoxyguanosine adduct of acrolein, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (8-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine, 2a), is a major DNA adduct formed by acrolein. The potential for oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing 2a to form interchain cross-links was evaluated by HPLC, CZE, MALDI-TOF, and melting phenomena. Interchain cross-links represent one of the most serious types of damage in DNA since they are absolute blocks to replication. In oligodeoxynucleotides containing the sequence 5'-dC-2a, cross-linking occurred in a slow, reversible manner to the extent of approximately 50%. Enzymatic digestion to form 3-(2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-(N(2)-2'-deoxyguanosinyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)one (5a) and reduction with NaCNBH(3) followed by enzymatic digestion to give 1,3-bis(2'-deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)propane (6a) established that cross-linking had occurred with the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. It is concluded that the cross-link is a mixture of imine and carbinolamine structures. With oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing the sequence 5'-2a-dC, cross-links were not detected by the techniques enumerated above. In addition, (15)N-(1)H HSQC and HSQC-filtered NOESY spectra carried out with a duplex having (15)N-labeling of the target amino group established unambiguously that a carbinolamine cross-link was not formed. The potential for interchain cross-link formation by the analogous crotonaldehyde adduct (2b) was evaluated in a 5'-dC-2b sequence. Cross-link formation was strongly dependent on the configuration of the methyl group at C6 of 2b. The 6R diastereomer of 2b formed a cross-link to the extent of 38%, whereas the 6S diastereomer cross-linked only 5%.
Ligand-induced Dynamic Membrane Changes and Cell Deletion Conferred by Vanilloid Receptor 1 (2001)

The real time dynamics of vanilloid-induced cytotoxicity and the specific deletion of nociceptive neurons expressing the wild-type vanilloid receptor (VR1) were investigated. VR1 was C-terminally tagged with either the 27-kDa enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or a 12-amino acid epsilon-epitope. Upon exposure to resiniferatoxin, VR1eGFP- or VR1epsilon-expressing cells exhibited pharmacological responses similar to those of cells expressing the untagged VR1. Within seconds of vanilloid exposure, the intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) was elevated in cells expressing VR1. A functional pool of VR1 also was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum that, in the absence of extracellular calcium, also was capable of releasing calcium upon agonist treatment. Confocal imaging disclosed that resiniferatoxin treatment induced vesiculation of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum ( approximately 1 min), nuclear membrane disruption (5-10 min), and cell lysis (1-2 h). Nociceptive primary sensory neurons endogenously express VR1, and resiniferatoxin treatment induced a sudden increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and mitochondrial disruption which was cell-selective, as glia and non-VR1-expressing neurons were unaffected. Early hallmarks of cytotoxicity were followed by specific deletion of VR1-expressing cells. These data demonstrate that vanilloids disrupt vital organelles within the cell body and, if administered to sensory ganglia, may be employed to rapidly and selectively delete nociceptive neurons.
Divergent transcription: A new feature of active promoters (2009)

Divergent transcription is common of many promoters in organisms as diverse as mammals and yeast. Many independent experiments indicate that RNA polymerase II is frequently initiated but paused in the sense direction downstream from the promoter. Similarly a second peak of transcriptionally-engaged polymerase is paused in the anti-sense direction upstream of the promoter. Chromatin modifications that are associated with active promoters reside in nucleosomes immediately flanking this pair of paused polymerases. The nucleosome-free region associated with most promoters could in part be defined by this divergent transcription. The potential implications of divergent transcription on gene regulation and possible mechanisms that give rise to this phenomenon are discussed.
<i>In situ</i> demonstration of CD40‐ and CD154‐positive cells in psoriatic lesions and keratinocyte production of chemokines by CD40 ligation <i>in vitro</i> (2004)

In psoriatic lesions, T cells and keratinocytes are in an activated state. Ligation of CD40 expressed on activated keratinocytes with CD154 expressed on activated T cells is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the presence of CD40(+) and CD154(+) cells in psoriatic skin has not been thoroughly studied. The present study has therefore examined their presence by immunohistochemistry in the lesional and non-lesional skin of ten patients. The influence of CD154-CD40 ligation on the release of chemokines (IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1) and complement components (C3 and factor B) from keratinocytes was also investigated in vitro. Studies using single and double staining showed that clusters of CD40(+) keratinocytes were present in both lesional and non-lesional skin; CD40(+)CD1a(+) Langerhans cells in lesional, non-lesional, and normal skin; and numerous CD40(+)CD83(+) cells in lesional skin. CD1a(+) and CD83(+) cells always expressed CD40 strongly. Numerous T cells were seen in lesional skin. A small number of T cells expressed CD154. CD154(+) T cells were seen in the lesional epidermis of seven of ten patients-in six, in juxtaposition to CD40(+) cells including keratinocytes. In non-lesional epidermis, CD154(+) T cells were seen in two patients-in one, in juxtaposition to CD40(+) keratinocytes. In vitro studies showed that IFN-gamma-treated keratinocytes released small amounts of IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1; ligation of these cells with CD154-transfected J558 cells or soluble CD154 greatly enhanced the release. This ligation did not enhance the release of C3 and factor B. These results warrant further studies on the role of CD40 ligation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Polyethylene glycol as a non-ionic liquid solvent for Michael addition reaction of amines to conjugated alkenes (2006)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is found to be an inexpensive, non-toxic, environmentally friendly reaction medium for the conjugate addition of amines to conjugated alkenes to afford the corresponding adducts in excellent yields under mild reaction condition. The use of PEG avoids the use of acid or base catalysts and moreover PEG can be recovered and reused.
A Novel Fabrication Approach for Microneedles Using Silicon Micromaching Technology (2006)

Optimization of drug delivery through human skin is important in modern therapy, and with the invention of painless microneedles makes it become true. This paper presents a novel fabrication process for a tapered hollow metallic needles array using nickel plating on the silicon microneedles molds. The silicon microneedles molds, with a shank height of 150-200 mum and 300 mum center-to-center spacing are formed, using KOH etching on Si lang100rang wafer, and the etching rate can be easily controlled around 0.5 mum/min. The finale shapes of the bottom of microneedls are regular octagon. Then through the way of nickel electroplating on the silicon microneedles, the metallic needles can be fabricated. The closed tips of needles are opened by using some mechanism polishing methods. The delivery properties of the microneedles are under investigation
The Effect of Milrinone on Hemodynamics and Left Ventricular Function After Emergence from Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1997)

Although milrinone effectively increases cardiac function, few studies have specifically evaluated its efficacy during cardiac surgery. We investigated the effects of milrinone on hemodynamics and left ventricular function in cardiac surgical patients who were already treated with catecholamines. Thirty-seven patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied. Immediately after emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 10) or to one of these milrinone groups: milrinone 50 microg/kg intravenously (n = 8), 50 microg/kg + 0.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (n = 10), or 75 microg/kg + 0.75 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (n = 9). Hemodynamics and transesophageal echocardiogram were recorded while constant filling pressures were maintained by volume reinfusion from the CPB reservoir. Arterial blood samples were obtained for the measurement of milrinone plasma concentrations and to determine the dose response curve. In all three milrinone groups, cardiac index and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcfc) significantly increased from the baseline, and both were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min than those in the control group. The plasma concentration of milrinone with half of maximum increase in Vcfc was 139.3 ng/mL based on the dose-response curve. Thus, milrinone improves hemodynamics and left ventricular function when constant loading conditions are maintained.
Serum chemokine profile in patients with bullous pemphigoid (2006)

These observations suggest that an elaborately orchestrated network of chemokines, especially MCP-1 and IP-10, contributes to the pathomechanism of BP.
Advances in phage display technology for drug discovery (2015)

Advances in screening, manufacturing and humanization technologies demonstrate that phage display derived products can play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The effects of this technology are inevitable in the development pipeline for bringing therapeutics into the market, and this number is expected to rise significantly in the future as new advances continue to take place in display methods. Furthermore, a widespread application of this methodology is predicted in different medical technological areas, including biosensing, monitoring, molecular imaging, gene therapy, vaccine development and nanotechnology.
The Effects of Temperature and Host Refuge on Insect Host-Parasite Models1 (1975)

The addition of host refuge to the Nicholson-Bailey or Hassell-Varley models was found to have a major effect on the stability of the models. If a refuge exists for a constant proportion of the host population, then stability is not affected, but if a constant number of hosts are in a refuge, then apparent limit cycles or damped oscillations are obtained. Experimental investigation suggests that the degree of host refuge in complicated laboratory “mazes” is temperature dependent at low but not at high temperatures. Cage studies in cotton fields indicate that the functional response of the parasite, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, to the host, eggs of Trichoplusia ni Hübner, is a nearly linear function up to about 18.4 hosts/m 2 . In addition, there exists a nearly linear relationship between the functional and numerical responses of the parasite as determined from cage experiments. Both of these assumptions are contained in the Nicholson-Bailey and Hassell-Varley models. These cage experiments indicate that the assumptions are probably not seriously violated in the system which was studied.
Combined usage of intercostal nerve block and tumescent anaesthesia: An effective anaesthesia technique for breast augmentation (2013)

Patients are occasionally unhappy with the size, shape, and positioning of breast implants. An option to improve their satisfaction with breast augmentation includes directly involving them in the process with awake surgery done under nerve block and tumescence. This study describes the resultsof using such an awake anaesthesia technique in 35 patients. After the intercostal nerves dominating the Th3 to Th6 regions were anaesthetized using 0.5% bupivacaine, a tumescent solution consisting of lidocaine, epinephrine, and saline was injected around the mammary gland, and breast augmentation was conducted using silicon implants. The majority of patients (31/35) reported no pain during the procedure and all patients were able to choose and confirm their final implant size and positioning. In all cases, blood loss was less than 10 ml. No patient experienced pneumothorax or toxicity of local anaesthetics. Combined usage of the intercostal nerve block and tumescent anaesthesia effectively reduces pain during breast augmentation. Keeping patient conscious enables meeting their requests during operation, contributing to increased satisfaction. For these advantages, combined usage of the intercostal nerve block and tumescent anaesthesia is recommended as a useful anaesthetic technique for breast augmentation.
Analytical aspects of drug testing (1989)

Quality assurance emit assays for drugs of abuse bonded phase extraction in analytical toxicology gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using tabletop instruments screening with high performance liquid chromatography microcolumn and direct-sample-analysis liquid chromatography high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry dry reagent chemistries drug of abuse profile - cocaine gas chromatography/mass spectrometry screening for anabolic steroids drug analysis technology - pitfalls and problems of drug testing.
Analysis and synthesis of a class of neural networks: linear systems operating on a closed hypercube (1989)

An investigation was conducted of the qualitative properties of a class of neural networks described by a system of first-order linear ordinary differential equations which are defined on a closed hypercube of the state space with solutions extended to the boundary of the hypercube. When solutions are located on the boundary of the hypercube, the system is said to be in a saturated mode. The class of systems considered retains the basic structure of the Hopfield model but is easier to analyze, synthesize, and implement. An efficient analysis method is developed which can be used to determine completely the set of asymptotically stable equilibrium points and the set of unstable equilibrium points. The latter set can be used to estimate the domains of attraction for the elements of the former set. The class of systems considered can easily be implemented in analog integrated circuits. The applicability of the results is demonstrated by means of several examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary ion chromatography (2004)

This review summarizes progress in capillary ion chromatography. Theoretical aspects and practical limitations of packed and open tubular capillary columns are considered. Applications of packed and open tubular capillary IC are described. Emerging technologies such chip-scale IC and the use of monolithic columns are discussed.
Energy margins in dynamic object manipulation (2012)

Many tasks require humans to manipulate dynamically complex objects and maintain appropriate safety margins, such as placing a cup of coffee on a coaster without spilling. This study examined how humans learn such safety margins and how they are shaped by task constraints and changing variability with improved skill. Eighteen subjects used a manipulandum to transport a shallow virtual cup containing a ball to a target without losing the ball. Half were to complete the cup transit in a comfortable target time of 2 s (a redundant task with infinitely many equivalent solutions), and the other half in minimum time (a nonredundant task with one explicit cost to optimize). The safety margin was defined as the ball energy relative to escape, i.e., as an energy margin. The first hypothesis, that subjects converge to a single strategy in the minimum-time task but choose different strategies in the less constrained target-time task, was not supported. Both groups developed individualized strategies with practice. The second hypothesis, that subjects decrease safety margins in the minimum-time task but increase them in the target-time task, was supported. The third hypothesis, that in both tasks subjects modulate energy margins according to their execution variability, was partially supported. In the target-time group, changes in energy margins correlated positively with changes in execution variability; in the minimum-time group, such a relation was observed only at the end of practice, not across practice. These results show that when learning a redundant object manipulation task, most subjects increase their safety margins and shape their movement strategies in accordance with their changing variability.
Thermal Design of a Dalia SPS Deepwater Christmas Tree - Verified by Use of Full-Scale Testing and Numerical Simulations (2005)

ABSTRACT The Dalia SPS Deep Water Project is requesting the most extensive use of thermal insulation until now on SPS equipment for hydrate control during cool down scenarios. The complex processes of insulating the Dalia X-Tree are presented, including insulation of the X-Tree spool, a "Dog House" around the Flow Control Module and a second "Dog House" around a connector. This work illustrates the importance of correct use of numerical simulations in balance with a practical sense of what is possible to manufacture. It is also showing the challenges of verifying a complex thermal system where deviations between the test setup and a real production scenario must be accounted for. In the early phase, the thermal insulation design is established by use of numerical simulations. This provides theoretical models which are adjusted to fit the real and detailed complexity of the components on the X-Tree. A full scale cool down test of the X-Tree is used to verify the design and the numerical models. INTRODUCTION The Dalia Field is located in the Gulf of Guinea, in block 17 offshore Angola. The distance to shore is around 230 km and the water depth varies from 1250 m to 1400 m. The Dalia development scheme shown in Fig 1 is framed around a Subsea Production System (SPS), an extensive Umbilicals and Flowlines network incorporating the latest innovative riser technology, and an FPSO to support the processing, storage and offloading functions. One of the technical challenges for Dalia Project is the thermal insulation of the SPS production equipment. Indeed the combination of a low energy reservoir (50°C and 235 bar), a heavy crude oil (23°API) sensitive to hydrate formation and a large subsea network to operate/preserve leads to flow assurance requirements above the oil industry experiences in a deepwater environment. DALIA FLOW ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS Thermal behavior of the production system of Dalia is of primary importance in order to:avoid hydrate formation both in transient states (shut-down/restart) and flowing conditions.improve productivity, as lower temperature implies higher viscosity which jeopardizes the well productivity and is already high at reservoir temperature.decrease heating requirements on topsides, as the process requires the fluid to be heated at high temperature to reach the commercial specifications. The hydrate management plan relies on three key rules:The hydrate prevention procedure might be performed with the FPSO in shutdown condition, in which case the main power generation will be unavailable.No part of the subsea system, apart from production tubing, is allowed to enter into the hydrate formation domain for both normal and degraded conditions.No continuous inhibition by chemical injection in routine operation. The large volume of produced water expected after 5 to 7 years of production makes inhibition by chemicals not cost effective. Moreover supply and environmental considerations are not in favour of large chemical injection. Fig 2: Dalia hydrate formation domain (Available in full paper)
On-demand routing for scalable name-based forwarding (2018)

Information-centric Networking (ICN) is a future Internet architecture design, where application-level names are directly used to route interests to fetch a copy of the desired content/data from any location. Following the conventions of the Internet Protocol to store the pre-computed routing/forwarding state for all prefixes at the network nodes raises scalability concerns in ICN (where content name prefixes need to be stored), especially at the inter-domain level. Instead, we consider the other extreme; that is, On-Demand Routing (ODR) computation for content name prefixes as interests arrive. ODR makes use of domain-level, per-prefix routing instructions usable by all the forwarders in a domain, named Routing Information Objects (RIO). Forwarders discover and retrieve RIOs in a similar way as content and can be cached in a new data structure called Route Information Store (RIS). RIOs are handed to a routing strategy module to perform a routing decision before relaying the packets. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that ODR scales the storage of routing/forwarding information through caching and information discovery-two mechanisms inherent to the ICN design. We propose our design as an extension of the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture and discuss all the proposed enhancements in detail.
Buffering concepts for ATM switching networks (2003)

The authors study various buffering strategies for switch fabrics of the Banyan type, where the buffers are located in the individual switching elements. The influence of the different strategies on the performance of the network has been evaluated under equivalent conditions to allow a comparison of the results, and the packet loss probability for networks constructed of switching elements with input buffers has been analyzed. The investigations indicate that significant performance improvements can be achieved by applying advanced buffering concepts. The choice of the best buffering strategy depends on the size of the switching elements as well as on economic and technological constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>