gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasculopathy and insulin resistance in the JCR:LA-cp rat (1998)

The JCR:LA-cp rat is one of a number of strains incorporating the autosomal recessive cp gene that induces obesity. This strain is unique in the development of not only a profound insulin resistance, but an accompanying cardiovascular disease that correlates strongly with hyperinsulinemia. The hyperinsulinemia develops rapidly after 4 weeks of age, with an age at half-maximum of 5.5 weeks. This reflects postprandial plasma insulin levels that peak at 1000 mU/l in a standardized meal tolerance test. Defective acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation develops with a 1-week lag over the developing hyperinsulinemia. The frequency of staining for the vascular adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 and ICAM, does not show either age or genotype variation, although plasma levels do show an age variation. Treatment of the rats with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, miglitol (Bay m1099), obviates the exaggerated postprandial glucose and, especially, the insulin responses of the cp/cp rat. This causes an improvement in insulin sensitivity, prevention of the impaired vascular relaxation, and reduction in plasma levels of advanced glycated end-products. Arterial wall morphology, as visualized by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, shows abnormal endothelium, adherent macrophages, and activated migrating smooth muscle cells in the intima. Oil-Red-O staining reveals lipid deposits in the intimal spaces, as confirmed by the presence of foam cells. The lesions resemble fatty streaks or modest atherosclerosis in man, rather than the extensive cholesterol-laden lesions seen in familial hypercholesterolemia or cholesterol-fed rabbit models. The lean rats of the strain show similar, but less marked, intimal abnormalities. The vasculopathy in this animal model appears to be precipitated by the developing hyperinsulinemia, but also requires an underlying abnormality of vascular smooth muscle and possibly also of the endothelium.
The Drosophila pumilio Gene Encodes Two Functional Protein Isoforms That Play Multiple Roles in Germline Development, Gonadogenesis,Oogenesis and Embryogenesis (1999)

The pumilio (pum) gene plays an essential role in embryonic patterning and germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance during oogenesis in Drosophila. Here we report on a phenotypic analysis using pum(ovarette) mutations, which reveals multiple functions of pum in primordial germ cell proliferation, larval ovary formation, GSC division, and subsequent oogenic processes, as well as in oviposition. Specifically, by inducing pum(-) GSC clones at the onset of oogenesis, we show that pum is directly involved in GSC division, a function that is distinct from its requirement in primordial germ cells. Furthermore, we show that pum encodes 156- and 130-kD proteins, both of which are functional isoforms. Among pum(ovarette) mutations, pum(1688) specifically eliminates the 156-kD isoform but not the 130-kD isoform, while pum(2003) and pum(4277) specifically affect the 130-kD isoform but not the 156-kD isoform. Normal doses of both isoforms are required for the zygotic function of pum, yet either isoform alone at a normal dose is sufficient for the maternal effect function of pum. A pum cDNA transgene that contains the known open reading frame encodes only the 156-kD isoform and rescues the phenotype of both pum(1688) and pum(2003) mutants. These observations suggest that the 156- and 130-kD isoforms can compensate for each other's function in a dosage-dependent manner. Finally, we present molecular evidence suggesting that the two PUM isoforms share some of their primary structures.
Recrystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (2012)

Acicular Slender, needle-like crystal Aggregate Mass of adhered crystals Blade Long, thin, flat crystal Dendritic Tiny crystallites forming a tree-like pattern Equant/cubic Crystal with similar length, width and thickness Fiber Long, thin needle; longer than acicular Flake/lath Thin, flat crystal similar in width and length Plate/platy Flat crystals with similar width and length but thicker than a flake Prismatic/bipyramid Hexagonal crystals with faces parallel to the growth axis; width and thickness greater than acicular and shorter in length RodCylindrical crystals elongated along one axis Rosette/spherulite Sphere composed of needles or rods radiating from a common center Tablet/tabular Flat crystal with similar width and length but thicker than a plate
First-principles study of Dirac and Dirac-like cones in phononic and photonic crystals (2012)

By using the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightharpoonup}}{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightharpoonup}}{p}$ method, we propose a first-principles theory to study the linear dispersions in phononic and photonic crystals. The theory reveals that only those linear dispersions created by doubly degenerate states can be described by a reduced Hamiltonian that can be mapped into the Dirac Hamiltonian and possess a Berry phase of $\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$. Linear dispersions created by triply degenerate states cannot be mapped into the Dirac Hamiltonian and carry no Berry phase, and, therefore should be called Dirac-like cones. Our theory is capable of predicting accurately the linear slopes of Dirac and Dirac-like cones at various symmetry points in a Brillouin zone, independent of frequency and lattice structure.
Distributed Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time coding in wireless cooperative relay networks (2011)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Received power based call admission control techniques for UMTS uplink (2003)

Efficient call admission control (CAC) techniques are of paramount importance to achieve a flexible radio resources utilization with W-CDMA systems like UMTS. The number of calls that can be accepted in a cell depends on the interference conditions. The CAC scheme should be able to estimate if accepting a new call may affect the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of all the others. Practical CAC schemes proposed for the uplink direction, called received power based call admission control (RP-CAC), estimate the system load measuring the total power received at the base stations. Simple RP-CAC schemes just compare the measured power at the base station (BS) where the call is initiated with a threshold (single cell RP-CAC) or also measure the power received by neighboring BSs (multi cell RP-CAC). More complex RP-CAC schemes try also to estimate the load increase due to the new call (predictive RP-CAC). In this paper we compare the performance of these schemes and propose a new predictive RP-CAC scheme. We show that the advantage of using multi-cell strategy with respect to the single-cell one is negligible and that even the previously proposed predictive RP-CAC techniques cannot improve the performance in a remarkable way. On the contrary with our new scheme we increase the accepted traffic while keeping the call dropping probability very low.
THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HANDLING AND TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR LIQUID RADIOACTIVE WASTES. (1955)

Keywords DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, HANDLING, TREATMENT, SYSTEMS, LIQUIDS, RADIOACTIVE, WASTE, CHEMICALS, METHODS, PURIFICATION, DISCHARGES, EFFLUENT, FLOW, CONTROL, SIZING, PUMPING, PIPELINES, MATERIALS, STORAGE, TANKS, EMERGENCIES, SEGREGATION RIVER THAMES, SUTTON COURTEN. UK... Show All
Evaluation of Ozone Disinfection Systems: Characteristic Time <i>T</i> (1992)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently promulgated drinking‐water regulations, known as the surface water treatment rule (SWTR), to control viruses, Giardia cysts, Legionella, and heterotrophic bacteria. The SWTR specifies overall minimum removal/inactivation efficiencies by filtration and disinfection for Giardia lamblia and viruses and uses the CT concept to predict in‐activation efficiencies. CT stands for the product of characteristic exposure time (T) and the characteristic concentration (C) in the disinfection chamber. This paper evaluates possible methods to determine the characteristic exposure time for ozone disinfection. The extent to which different measures of T (such as the hydraulic retention time, T10 and T50) actually ensure compliance with the required level of inactivation is evaluated by using segregated flow analysis and classical residence time distribution models. The analysis indicates that T10, the minimum exposure time of 90% of the water in the disinfection unit, is a good measure to estimate disinfection performance in most cases. T50 does not guarantee compliance with the SWTR in most cases.
Data Profiling (2017)

is to understand the dataset at hand and its metadata. The process of metadata discovery is known as data profiling. Profiling activities range from ad-hoc approaches, such as eye-balling random subsets of the data or formulating aggregation queries, to systematic inference of structural information and statistics of a dataset using dedicated profiling tools. In this tutorial, we highlight the importance of data profiling as part of any data-related use-case, and we discuss the area of data profiling by classifying data profiling tasks and reviewing the state-of-the-art data profiling systems and techniques. In particular, we discuss hard problems in data profiling, such as algorithms for dependency discovery and profiling algorithms for dynamic data and streams. We also pay special attention to visualizing and interpreting the results of data profiling. We conclude with directions for future research in the area of data profiling. This tutorial is based on our survey on profiling relational data [2].
Flexible and Binder‐Free Organic Cathode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

Fabrication of a flexible organic electrode by growing polyimide nanoflakes on single-wall carbon nanotube films is presented. The flexible electrode exhibits high capacity and outstanding rate capability. This electrode is promising for the application in high-power flexible lithium-Ion batteries.
Analysis of Closed-Loop Conveyor Systems (1972)

Abstract A closed-loop conveyor system having a single loading station, a single unloading station, and operating with time-varying input and output flow rates, is analyzed. The balance of flow on the conveyor is represented by a difference equation. Solutions of that difference equation appear naturally in terms of a Fourier series expansion. An important description of the system is its frequency response. Singularities in the frequency response represent cases of incompatibility. Incompatibility is shown to depend on the ratio T/P of conveyor period to work-cycle period, and on the presence of harmonics in input and output flow rates. Solutions for several specific cases are presented graphically.
Distributed Cooperative Caching Strategies in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2012)

Wireless devices have scarcity of resources such as storage capacity and processing power. For WANETs, cooperative caching strategies are proposed in this paper to improve efficiency in information exchange in peer-to-peer fashion. The caching strategies such as small sized caches and large sized caches depend on the estimation of density of information being flown in the network. In the former strategy content replacement takes place when new information is received while in the latter a decision is made as to whether the information is to be cached and for how long. In either case every node is capable of deciding as per the content in the caches of near by nodes. This is to ensure that each node has different content that is content diversity and share the content of other nodes thus managing memory efficiently. The simulations made using NS2 show that our caching strategies are capable of making expected content diversity and improve performance of information sharing in wireless ad hoc network.
Cell handling using microstructured membranes (2006)

Gentle and precise handling of cell suspensions is essential for scientific research and clinical diagnostic applications. Although different techniques for cell analysis at the micro-scale have been proposed, many still require that preliminary sample preparation steps be performed off the chip. Here we present a microstructured membrane as a new microfluidic design concept, enabling the implementation of common sample preparation procedures for suspensions of eukaryotic cells in lab-on-a-chip devices. We demonstrate the novel capabilities for sample preparation procedures by the implementation of metered sampling of nanoliter volumes of whole blood, concentration increase up to three orders of magnitude of sparse cell suspension, and circumferentially uniform, sequential exposure of cells to reagents. We implemented these functions by using microstructured membranes that are pneumatically actuated and allowed to reversibly decouple the flow of fluids and the displacement of eukaryotic cells in suspensions. Furthermore, by integrating multiple structures on the same membrane, complex sequential procedures are possible using a limited number of control steps.
Appointment reminders to reduce no-show rates. A stratified analysis of their cost-effectiveness. (1983)

To determine whether reminders are cost-effective for an adult primary care internal medicine center, we randomized 590 scheduled, follow-up appointments to no reminder, computer-generated letter reminders, and telephoned reminders. The no-show rate was reduced from 24% in the control group to 14% in the reminder groups, and letter and telephoned reminders were equally effective. An economic analysis showed that about two thirds of the savings realized from reminders was generated in 23% of the patients whose prior predicted probability of a no-show appointment was above 20%. However, in our primary care center, computer-generated letter reminders were estimated to be cost-effective whenever the probability of a no-show was above 5%, and telephoned or manual letter reminders were estimated to be cost-effective whenever the probability of a no-show was above about 11%. Based on our sensitivity analysis, telephoned or manual letter reminders should be cost-effective in many other ambulatory settings as well, although in some settings, reminders may be restricted to patients at high risk for no-show behavior.
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Low-Dose Oral Sodium Phosphate Plus Stimulant Laxatives with Large Volume Polyethylene Glycol Solution for Colon Cleansing (2004)

This study examined whether the combination of a single dose (45 ml) oral sodium phosphate (NaP), four bisacodyl tablets (5 mg), and one bisacodyl enema (10 mg) preparation, Fleet Prep Kit 3 (FPK #3), was better tolerated and more efficacious than 4 L polyethylene glycol solution (PEG) for colonic cleansing prior to colonoscopy. One hundred and seventy-one patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study designed to detect a 20% or greater difference in patient tolerance and effectiveness in colonic cleansing between the two agents. The single dose of NaP and the bisacodyl tablets were administered at 1900 h and at 2100 h, respectively, the evening prior to colonoscopy and the bisacodyl enema 2 h before the procedure. PEG was consumed over 1-2 h the evening prior to colonoscopy. Most patients (84%) found the FPK #3 easy or tolerable compared to only 33% receiving PEG (p < 0.001). Over 40% could not complete the PEG. There was no detectable difference in the efficacy between the two preparations (p= 0.74). Comparison of biochemical and hemodynamic values obtained before and after colonic cleansing did not reveal any significant differences apart from hyperphosphatemia in a few patients (16%) receiving FPK #3 and minor changes in blood urea nitrogen and chloride. These findings suggest that FPK #3 is better tolerated and as safe as PEG but does not provide more efficacious cleansing of the colon.
<i>In-vitro</i> Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activities of <i>Stevia Rebaudiana</i> (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts (2008)

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of Stevia Rebaudiana (Asteraceae) leaf extracts. Methods: Four solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform and water) of Stevia rebaudiana leaves were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio cholerae by using agar well diffusion method. Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton species were used to test anti-yeast and antifungal activity. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on Vero and HEp2 cells were assayed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT]. Results: Among the four extracts tested, acetone extract had effective antibacterial potential, followed by ethyl acetate extract. The acetone extract showed greater activity against Gram-positive than against Gram-negative organisms. All the extracts were active against Epidermophyton species and Candida albicans. The 1:8 dilution of the acetone extract was non-toxic to normal cells and also had both anticancer and anti-proliferative activities against cancerous cells. Conclusion: The study confirms the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of Stevia Rebaudiana leaves extracted using various solvents, and is therefore, a potential drug that requires further studies and development. Keywords: Stevia Rebaudiana; Antibacterial; Antifungal; Antitumor; HEp2 cells; MTT assayTropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7(4) 2008: pp. 1143-1149
Advanced Electrolyte Salts with Inherent Overcharge Protection for Lithium Ion Batteries (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Combining De Bruijn Graphs, Overlap Graphs and Microassembly for De Novo Genome Assembly (2013)

Under a polygonal graph is meant an oriented graph obtained from a cycle by some orientation of its edges. The set of all abstract (i. e. pairwise non-isomorphic) connected parts of a polygonal graph is ordered by graph embedding. Polygonal graphs are characterized for which this ordered set is a lattice.
Apoptosis in a Neonatal Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia (1998)

Features of apoptosis are present in the described model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Apoptosis may represent a mode of ischemic cell death that could be the target of novel treatments that could potentially expand the therapeutic window for stroke.
Pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidines:  Estrogen Receptor Ligands Possessing Estrogen Receptor β Antagonist Activity (2004)

In our search for novel subtype-selective estrogen receptor (ER) ligands, we have examined various heterocyclic units as core structural elements. Here, we have investigated the fused, bicyclic pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core, which is a system that allows for analogues to be readily assembled in a library-like fashion. This series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ER ligands provided us with a new pharmacological profile for an ER ligand: compounds that are passive on both ERs, with a distinct potency selectivity in favor of ERbeta. The most distinctive ligand in this series, 2-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, was 36-fold selective for ERbeta in binding. Curiously, on the basis of molecular modeling, the ERbeta binding selectivity of compounds in this series appears to be derived from differing orientations that they adapt in the ligand binding pockets of ERalpha vs ERbeta. In transcription assays this pyrazolopyrimidine was fully effective as an ERbeta antagonist while exhibiting no significant activity on ERalpha. Thus, this ligand functions as a potency- and efficacy-selective ERbeta antagonist that would abrogate estrogen action through ERbeta with minimal effects on its activity through ERalpha; as such, it could be used to study the biological function of ERbeta.
The Bradykinin B2 Receptor Is a Delayed Early Response Gene for Platelet-derived Growth Factor in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (1996)

Bradykinin and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are inflammatory mediators important in the response to vascular injury. Based upon the known effect of oncogenic Ras to increase bradykinin receptor expression and the ability of PDGF to stimulate Ras, we examined whether PDGF regulates bradykinin B2 receptor expression in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. Treatment with PDGF (AB and BB, but not AA) produced a dose- and time-dependent increase in both mRNA (6-7-fold increase at 2-4 h) and cell surface receptors (2-4-fold at 6-12 h) for the B2 receptor. There was a 60-min delay between exposure to PDGF and the initial increase in B2 receptor mRNA. Transcriptional inhibitors, actinomycin D or 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, completely blocked the increase in B2 receptor mRNA when added up to 60 min after stimulation with PDGF. However, protein synthesis was not required, as treatment with cycloheximide did not block but rather superinduced the PDGF-induced increase in B2 receptor mRNA. Comparison with the immediate early response gene c-fos demonstrated that the increase in B2 receptor mRNA was similarly inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin, as well as staurosporine. However, stimulation of c-fos was slightly more sensitive to genistein, while the B2 receptor mRNA was more sensitive to inhibition by the protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C. The increase in cell surface B2 receptors were functionally coupled to an increase in phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, and the effects of PDGF were selective as there was no increase in either angiotensin II- or arginine vasopressin-induced inositol phosphate formation or intracellular calcium release. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the B2 receptor is a delayed early response gene for PDGF in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Efficacy of microfiltration in decreasing propofol‐induced pain* (2002)

In a randomised, double-blinded, two-centre trial we evaluated the effect of a microbiological filter (Supor, Pall Life Sciences) on propofol injection pain. We studied 336 unpremedicated adult patients, who graded pain experienced during induction of anaesthesia with propofol on a 4-point verbal rating scale. Use of the microfilter reduced both the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain (p < 0.001). Incidence of severe pain in the filter group was 2.4% compared with 16.6% in the control group. Overall, 33.7% in the filter group experienced pain compared with 62.1% in the control group. A microbiological filter may provide a non-pharmacological alternative to a lidocaine/propofol mixture for reducing injection pain. It would also reduce the risk of any glass and bacterial contamination.
Rate and predictability of pulp revascularization in therapeutically reimplanted permanent incisors (1986)

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to study the frequency of pulp revascularization in therapeutically reimplanted incisors as well; is its relationship with the following factors: width of apical foramen, duration of extra‐alveolar lime, storage conditions and postoperative administration of antibiotics. Out of 72 immature teeth (width of apical foramen 1.1–5.0 mm) the pulp was revascularized in 13 (18%), while in 88 mature teeth (width of apical foramen 1.0 mm or less) no revascularization occurred. Among parameters tested statistically in immature teeth, a significantly increased frequency of revascularization (p < 0.05) was only found in teeth reimplanted within 45 minutes after avulsion, when compared with teeth reimplanted after a longer extra‐alveolar time, and in mandibular incisors when compared with maxillary incisors (p < 0.01). All teeth in which revascularization did not occur exhibited a periapical radiolucency and/or external inflammatory root resorption.