gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo optical virtual biopsy of human oral mucosa with harmonic generation microscopy (2011)

Recent clinical studies on human skin indicated that in vivo multi-harmonic generation microscopy (HGM) can achieve sub-micron resolution for histopathological analysis with a high penetration depth and leave no energy or photodamages in the interacted tissues. It is thus highly desired to apply HGM for in vivo mucosa histopathological diagnosis. In this paper, the first in vivo optical virtual biopsy of human oral mucosa by using epi-HGM is demonstrated. We modified an upright microscope to rotate the angle of objective for in vivo observation. Our clinical study reveals the capability of HGM to in vivo image cell distributions in human oral mucosa, including epithelium and lamina propria with a high penetration depth greater than 280 μm and a high spatial resolution better than 500 nm. We also found that the third-harmonic-generation (THG) contrast on nucleus depends strongly on its thicknesses, in agreement with a numerical simulation. Besides, 4% acetic acid was found to be able to enhance the THG contrast of nucleus in oral mucosa, while such enhancement was found to decay due to the metabolic clearance of the contrast enhancer by the oral mucosa. Our clinical study indicated that, the combined epi-THG and epi-second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy is a promising imaging tool for in vivo noninvasive optical virtual biopsy and disease diagnosis in human mucosa.
Element Level Semantic Matching (2004)

We think of Match as an operator which takes two graph-like structures and produces a mapping between semantically related nodes. The matching process is essentially divided into two steps: element level and structure level. Element level matchers consider only labels of nodes, while structure level matchers start from this information to consider the full graph. In this paper we present various element level semantic matchers, and discuss their implementation within the S-Match system. The main novelty of our approach is in that element level semantic matchers return semantic relations (=, Ê, Í, ^) between concepts rather than similarity coefficients between labels in the [0, 1] range.
Clinical outcome of oocyte cryopreservation after slow cooling with a protocol utilizing a high sucrose concentration (2005)

Our data indicate that although the combination of slow cooling and high sucrose concentration ensures high rates of oocyte survival, it is not sufficient to guarantee a high standard of clinical efficiency.
MRI of hyperpolarized <sup>3</sup>He gas in human paranasal sinuses (1998)

In this study, MRI of hyperpolarized 3He gas in human paranasal sinuses is presented. Helium images were obtained at 1.5 T, using a surface coil and a 2D, fast gradient-echo sequence with a nominal constant flip angle of 12 degrees. Coronal images of 20-mm thick slices were generated and compared with proton images of the corresponding sections. The images enable visualization of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity, suggesting a potential use of this method not only in identifying the anatomical configuration of these pneumatic spaces, but also in assessing sinus ventilation.
High power 980 nm pump lasers (2002)

Higher power pump lasers will be used in future designs of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) to reduce the number of components in the EDFA as well as increase the channel count capacity of the fiber. The usable power from the laser is limited by the linear response of the optical power as a function of laser current (L-I curve). For 980 nm lasers, the "kink" level limits the useful operating power rather than rollover of the L-I. The origin of the kink has been attributed to lateral mode changes in the laser as a function of current. To increase the kink power of a laser, it is therefore reasonable to investigate ways of reducing the carrier density and heat generation in the laser cavity. We have studied the effect of increasing the cavity length of the laser chip on the device performance. Longer cavity lasers have reduced current density at a given output power, but at the cost of an increase in the threshold current and decrease in the slope efficiency. The laser structure investigated was a ridge waveguide InGaAs-AlGaAs SQW GRINSCH.
Sulawesi Bird Report (1990)

All notable records of Sulawesi birds collected by various observers over the period from 1976 to 1990 are summarized in a single compilation, in a format that will become standard for each of Indonesia's seven faunal regions.
Driver fatigue detection system (2009)

This paper presents a method for detecting the early signs of fatigue/drowsiness during driving. Analysing some biological and environmental variables, it is possible to detect the loss of alertness prior to the driver falling asleep. As a result of this analysis, the system will determine if the subject is able to drive. Heart rate variability (HRV), steering-wheel grip pressure, as well as temperature difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle, make possible to estimate in an indirect way the driver's fatigue level. A hardware system has been developed to acquire and process these variables, as well as an algorithm to detect beats and calculate the HRV taking into account the others aspects mentioned before.
Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): building a next-generation optical access network (2002)

This article describes Ethernet passive optical networks, an emerging local subscriber access architecture that combines low-cost point-to-multipoint fiber infrastructure with Ethernet. EPONs are designed to carry Ethernet frames at standard Ethernet rates. An EPON uses a single trunk fiber that extends from a central office to a passive optical splitter, which then fans out to multiple optical drop fibers connected to subscriber nodes. Other than the end terminating equipment, no component in the network requires electrical power, hence the term passive. Local carriers have long been interested in passive optical networks for the benefits they offer: minimal fiber infrastructure and no powering requirement in the outside plant. With Ethernet now emerging as the protocol of choice for carrying IP traffic in metro and access networks, EPON has emerged as a potential optimized architecture for fiber to the building and fiber to the home.
The relative contribution of interaural time and magnitude cues to dynamic sound localization (2002)

This paper presents preliminary data from a study examining the relative contribution of interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) to the localization of virtual sound sources both with and without head motion. The listeners' task was to estimate the apparent direction and distance of virtual sources presented over headphones. Stimuli were synthesized from minimum phase representations of nonindividualized directional transfer functions. During dynamic conditions, listeners were encouraged to move their heads; the position of the listener's head was tracked and the stimuli were synthesized in real time using a Convolvotron to simulate a stationary external sound source. ILDs and ITDs were either correctly or incorrectly correlated with head motion: (1) both ILDs and ITDs correctly correlated, (2) ILDs correct, ITD fixed at 0/spl deg/ azimuth and 0/spl deg/ elevation, (3) ITDs correct, ILDs fixed at 0/spl deg/, 0/spl deg/. Similar conditions were run for static conditions except that none of the cues changed with head motion. The data indicated that, compared to static conditions, head movements helped listeners to resolve confusions primarily when ILDs were correctly correlated, although a smaller effect was also seen far correct ITDs. Together with the results for static conditions, the data suggest that localization tends to be dominated by the cue that is most reliable or consistent, when reliability is defined by consistency over time as well as across frequency.
Isotope edited product ion assignment by α-N labeling of peptides with [<sup>2</sup>H<sub>3</sub>(50%)]2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (1999)

An isotopic modification of Sanger's method for identifying peptide N-termini has been developed to assist peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. Tryptic peptides, such as Val-His-Leu-Thr-Pro-Val-Glu-Lys, are derivatized with an equimolar mixture of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and [2H3]2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Under optimized derivatization conditions, the alpha-amino group could be derivatized while the epsilon-amine of the lysine side chain and the imidazole of histidine remained underivatized. The alpha-dinitrophenyl modified peptides were characterized by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-ESI-MS. The [M + H]+ ions showed a doublet pattern with a delta m/z of 3 and the [M + 2H]2+ ions were recognized as doublets with a delta m/z of 1.5. MS/MS was employed where both isotopic [M + 2H]2+ ions were alternately subjected to collision-induced dissociation in the second quadrupole. Fragmentation in the ionization source generated identical product ion patterns that were observed during fragmentation in the second quadrupole. In the product ion mass spectra, the N-terminal a and b ions (no c ion observed) are doublets with a delta m/z of 3 or 1.5, while the C-terminal y and z ions (no x ion observed) are singlets appearing at identical masses. Thus, the product ions containing the N-terminus derivatized with a dinitrophenyl group are unequivocally distinguished from the product ions containing the C-terminus. The dinitrophenyl modification generally enhanced the production of a and b ions without diminishing y and z ion yields.
Acid–base surface free energies of solids and the definition of scales in the Good–van Oss–Chaudhury theory (2000)

The overwhelming basicity of all analysed surfaces strongly dependent on the choice of liquid triplet used for contact angle measurements and the negative values sometimes obtained for the square roots of the acid-base parameters can be summarized as the main problems arising from the application of the Good-van Oss-Chaudhury (GvOC) theory to the calculation of Lewis acid-base properties of polymer surfaces from contact angle data. This paper tries to account for these problems, namely: (1) the Lewis base, or electron donor component, is much greater than the Lewis acid or electron-acceptor component because of the reference values for water chosen in the original GvOC theory. A direct comparison of the acidic component with the basic one of the same materials has no meaning. A new reference scale for water which is able to overcome this problem is suggested. For the calculation of acid-base components, a best-fit approach is proposed which does not require any starting information about the liquids or polymers and can yield estimates of the acid-base parameters for both the liquids and the polymers involved; (2) the strong dependence of the value of the acid-base components on the three liquids employed is due to ill-conditioning of the related set of equations, an intrinsic and purely mathematical feature which cannot be completely cured by any realistic improvement in experimental accuracy. To reduce or eliminate the effect, one only needs a proper set of liquids, representative of all kinds of different solvents; (3) the negative coefficients appear as a simple consequence of measurement uncertainty, combined with the possible ill-conditioning of the equation set. We cannot exclude, however, that in some cases they could have a different origin.
Human-Robot Interaction Based on a Sensitive Bumper Skin (2006)

In order to enable robots to work in close contact with humans or in environments with unknown obstacles, new reactive control strategies based on sensitive bumper skins are proposed. The aim of this work is to provide a robot with contact and force control based strategies that make it dependable, safe and with foreseeable behaviours. The sensory skin is composed of rigid-bumpers provided with deformation sensors incorporated in a flexible substrate. This solution is a compromise between a simple bumper skin and current array-based robot skins, with better potential performances but, more costly and with usability problems. Such sensitive bumpers cover all moveable links of the robot allowing the detection of collisions, measuring the force involved and locating the point of contact with reasonable precision and cost
A 6-m mesh reflector antenna for SMAP: Modeling the RF performance of a challenging Earth-orbiting instrument (2011)

A complete and accurate RF model of the SMAP observatory has been presented in this paper. Extreme care has been used in modeling all the important parts of the spacecraft to provide reliable information about the performance of the instrument under various conditions. An ongoing work of RF model refinement based on the constant development of the spacecraft and instrument is also being carried on to keep the model up to date. Field of view studies have been performed and mechanical and thermal deformations are also being considered. Since radiation pattern measurements of the actual antenna are not planned, the development of this RF model represents a very important milestone for the mission.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIDIABETIC HORMONES. III. 4,5,6‐TRISUBSTITUTED 2‐(4‐TOLUIDINO)PYRIMIDINE (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Guandin (I) und β‐Diketonen (II) werden die Toluidino‐pyrimidine (III) zur Untersuchung der antidiabetischen Wirkung hergestellt.
Aggravation of Acute Ischemic Stroke by Hyperthermia Is Related to an Excitotoxic Mechanism (1999)

Glutamate and glycine release during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia could be responsible for the increased brain damage in hyperthermia.
Defects During<i>Mecp2</i>Null Embryonic Cortex Development Precede the Onset of Overt Neurological Symptoms (2015)

MeCP2 is associated with several neurological disorders; of which, Rett syndrome undoubtedly represents the most frequent. Its molecular roles, however, are still unclear, and data from animal models often describe adult, symptomatic stages, while MeCP2 functions during embryonic development remain elusive. We describe the pattern and timing of Mecp2 expression in the embryonic neocortex highlighting its low but consistent expression in virtually all cells and show the unexpected occurrence of transcriptional defects in the Mecp2 null samples at a stage largely preceding the onset of overt symptoms. Through the deregulated expression of ionic channels and glutamatergic receptors, the lack of Mecp2 during early neuronal maturation leads to the reduction in the neuronal responsiveness to stimuli. We suggest that such features concur to morphological alterations that begin affecting Mecp2 null neurons around the perinatal age and become evident later in adulthood. We indicate MeCP2 as a key modulator of the transcriptional mechanisms regulating cerebral cortex development. Neurological phenotypes of MECP2 patients could thus be the cumulative result of different adverse events that are already present at stages when no obvious signs of the pathology are evident and are worsened by later impairments affecting the central nervous system during maturation and maintenance of its functionality.
Synthesis of crystallized mesoporous transition metal oxides by silicone treatment of the oxide precursor (2006)

Ordered mesoporous transition metal oxides were successfully crystallized after strengthening the amorphous framework by a silica layer, which efficiently protected the original mesoporous structure against crystallization and resulting mass transfer.
Liquid Crystalline Phenylcyclohexanes with A Lateral Methyl Substituent (1990)

Abstract With several methods, a large number of liquid crystalline compounds were obtained, which contained a cyclohexane fragment with a lateral methyl substituent. Novel mesogena were studied for chemical, physicochemical, and mesomorphic properties.
Ruthenium Carbene Complexes with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘-Bis(mesityl)imidazol-2-ylidene Ligands:  RCM Catalysts of Extended Scope (2000)

The ruthenium carbene complexes 3a,b bearing imidazol-2-ylidene ligands constitute excellent precatalysts for ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions allowing the formation of tri- and tetrasubstituted cycloalkenes. They also apply to annulations that are beyond the scope of the standard Grubbs carbene 1 as well as to ring-closing reactions of acrylic acid derivatives even if the resulting alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones (or lactams) are tri- or tetrasubstituted. The reactivity of 3a was found to be highly dependent on the reaction medium: particularly high reaction rates are observed in toluene, although this solvent also leads to an increased tendency of the catalyst to isomerize the double bonds of the substrates.
Electrocatalysis at a Conducting Composite Electrode Doped with a Ruthenium(II) Metallodendrimer (2000)

A pentaerythritol-based metallodendrimer with RuIIterpyridine units was synthesized and tested as a mediator for the electrochemical oxidation of methionine (L-Met), cystine (L-Cys), and AsIII. A reversible oxidation of RuII was observed with the metallodendrimer as a solute in mixed acetonitrile-water solvents and as a component of carbon-based conducting composite electrodes. Mediated oxidation of the test species was observed. In aqueous solution, the composite electrode yielded a cyclic voltammetric peak current for the oxidation of L-Met in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 1.1 V vs Ag/AgCl. This anodic process was employed for amperometric detection in a flow system. Linear calibration curves were obtained over the range 1.0-10 microM Met and Cys. Using the criterion of the concentration yielding a signal 3 times the uncertainty of a blank, detection limits of 0.6 and 0.5 microM were calculated for Met and Cys, respectively. The slopes with three nominally identical electrodes varied by 10%.
A 94-ghz Radar For Space Object Identification (1969)

A feasibility demonstration RADAR system that operates at 94 GHz is outlined. A major goal of the program is the obtaining of RADAR echoes from orbiting objects for space object identification purposes. The RADAR is a linear FM pulse compression system with an eventual pulse time (1 ms)-bandwidth (1 GHz) product of 10/sup 6/. Experimental results of short range tests are discussed as well as details of the phase-locked loop linearizing system employed.
Coherent and tunable terahertz radiation from graphene surface plasmon polaritons excited by an electron beam (2014)

Although surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance in graphene can be tuned in the terahertz regime, transforming such SPPs into coherent terahertz radiation has not been achieved. Here, we propose a graphene-based coherent terahertz radiation source with greatly enhanced intensity. The radiation works at room temperature, it is tunable and can cover the whole terahertz regime. The radiation intensity generated with this method is 400 times stronger than that from SPPs at a conventional dielectric or semiconducting surface and is comparable to that from the most advanced photonics source such as a quantum cascade laser. The physical mechanism for this strong radiation is presented. The phase diagrams defining the parameters range for the occurrence of radiation is also shown.
HPLC, quantitative NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data of nusbiarylins as a new class of antimicrobial agents (2020)

Bacterial transcription is a valid but underutilized target for antimicrobial agent discovery [1]. Nusbiarylins are the first-in-class bacterial ribosomal RNA synthesis inhibitors that possess potent activity against various types of multidrug-resistant bacteria with a novel mode of action by targeting the interaction of bacterial transcription factors NusB and NusE [2]. To facilitate the characterization of nusbiarylin derivatives produced by other researchers, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectroscopic data were presented for the quick determination of purity and characterization of 95 nusbiarylin compounds. The data presented in this article supplement the <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR data provided previously [3,4], and assist the reproduction of nusbiarylins for chemical, biological and drug discovery research.
Structural changes of silk fibers induced by heat treatment (1992)

Abstract The structural changes of silk fibers induced by heat treatment were investigated by thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical measurements, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and refractive indices measurements. Bombyx mori silk fibers exhibited only a slight contraction, while tussah silk fibers showed a prominent two‐step contraction during the heating process. The dynamic storage modulus of B. mori fibers remained unchanged until the final decrease at about 170°C. The E ' value of tussah fibers showed a slight increase ranging from 30 to 70°C and a final abrupt decrease at about 190°C. The broad peak of dynamic loss modulus showed a maximum at 220 and 230°C for B. mori and tussah silk fibers, respectively. The crystalline structure of silk fibers did not show any significant change regardless of heat treatment. The birefringence value of B. mori silk remained unchanged in the range from 25 to 240°C and then decreased, while that of tussah fibers decreased linearly. The isotropic refractive index increased for both silk fibers, even though with a different rate with increasing temperature. We proposed a schematic representation showing the structural changes of silk fibers induced by heat treatment, taking into account the changes in molecular orientation in the amorphous, laterally ordered and crystalline regions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Progress report No. 32, 9 September 1975--12 December 1975 (1975)

The completion of a study of the applications of the finite element method to neutron diffusion problems in two and three dimensions is reported. In addition, short summaries of present research in nonlinear methods for solving finite element equations, collocation methods, time dependent response matrix techniques, and determination of equivalent homogenized group parameters are presented. (SDF)
Gas Nitriding and Gas Nitrocarburizing of Steels (2013)

Abstract This article summarizes the terminology for gas reactions, and discusses low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing of stainless steels. It describes the various nitriding processes, namely, high- and low-pressure nitriding, oxynitriding, sulfonitriding, oxysulfonitriding, ferritic nitrocarburizing and austenitic nitrocarburizing. The article includes a discussion on the difficulties in specimen cleaning, importance of furnace purge, uses of pre and post oxidation, depassivation, or activation, and requirements for perfect nucleation in nitriding process. In nitriding, the successful atmosphere control depends on various potentials. The article summarizes the methods of measuring potentials in nitriding and nitrocarburizing, provides useful information on the furnaces used, and the safety precautions to be followed in the nitriding process. It also describes the sample preparation procedures and testing methods to ensure the quality of the sample.