gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of ECG Signal Compression using SPIHT (2013)

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the performance of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal compression by comparing original and reconstructed signal on two problems. First, automatic sleep stage classification based on ECG signal; second, arrhythmia classification. An effective ECG signal compression method based on two-dimensional wavelet transform which employs set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and beat reordering technique used to compress the ECG signal. This method utilizes the redundancy between adjacent samples and adjacent beats. Beat reordering rearranges beat order in 2D (2 dimension) ECG array based on the similarity between adjacent beats. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields relatively low distortion at high compression rate. The experimental results also show that the accuracy of sleep stage classification and arrhythmia classification using reconstructed ECG signal from proposed method is comparable to the original signal. The proposed method preserved signal characteristics for the automatic sleep stage and arrhythmia classification problems.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of In(iii) complexes anchored by DOTA-like chelators bearing a quinazoline moiety (2010)

Following previous studies with a DOTA-like bifunctional chelator (H(3)L1) containing an ethylenic linker between the macrocycle backbone and a quinazoline pharmacophore, we synthesized and fully characterized a congener macrocyclic ligand (H(3)L2) having a longer, five-carbon spacer for the linkage of the quinazoline moiety. Both H(3)L1 and H(3)L2 were used to prepare indium(III) complexes aiming at their evaluation as radioactive probes for in vivo targeting of EGFR-TK. The protonation constants (log K(Hi)) of H(3)L2 were determined by potentiometry and UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the values found are 12.18, 9.74, 4.99, 3.91 and 2.53. The stability and protonation constants of InL (L = L1, L2) were also obtained from a combined potentiometry and UV-VIS spectrophotometry study. The reaction of InCl(3) with H(3)L1 and H(3)L2 led to the formation of the well-defined complexes InL1 and InL2, containing In(iii) ions coordinated by a seven (N(4),O(3)) donor atom set. These new complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, ESI-MS), HPLC and by X-ray diffraction analysis in the case of InL1. The radioactive congener (111)InL2 was prepared from the reaction of (111)In-chloride with H(3)L2, in high yield and high radiochemical purity. (111)InL2 is a neutral complex that presents a hydrophilic character and exhibits a high in vitro and in vivo stability. H(3)L2 and InL2 do not inhibit the cell growth of A431 cervical carcinoma cells. In this EGFR-expressing cell line, (111)InL2 has shown very low cell internalization. These findings indicate that these DOTA-like chelators are not the best suited bifunctional ligands to obtain In(iii) complexes with adequate biological properties for targeting the EGFR-TK.
Optical Modulator Optimization for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has a high peak-to-average ratio (PAR), which can result in low optical power efficiency when modulated through a Mach–Zehnder (MZ) modulator. In addition, the nonlinear characteristic of the MZ can cause significant distortion on the OFDM signal, leading to in-band intermodulation products between subcarriers. We show that a quadrature MZ with digital predistortion and hard clipping is able to overcome the previous impairments. We consider quantization noise and compute the minimum number of bits required in the digital-to-analog converter (D/A). Finally, we discuss a dual-drive MZ as a simpler alternative for the OFDM modulator, but our results show that it requires a higher oversampling ratio to achieve the same performance as the quadrature MZ. </para>
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and Structural Dynamics:  Transient Intermediates in the Elimination Reaction of C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>I<sub>2</sub> (2002)

We give a full account of our earlier report on the structural dynamics in the elimination reaction of C2F4I2, as studied with the newly constructed third-generation apparatus for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED3) at Caltech (Ihee, H.; Lobastov, V. A.; Gomez, U., Goodson B. M.; Srinivasan, R.; Ruan, C.-Y.; Zewail, A. H. Science 2000, 291, 458). Improvements in experimental stability, sensitivity, resolution, and versatility provided by UED3 permitted the reaction to be probed with spatial and temporal resolution of ∼1 ps and ∼0.01 Å, respectively, and with a sensitivity to chemical change of ∼1%. In addition to the improvements in apparatus design, a number of advancements in data processing, analysis, and modeling were developed which are described here in detail for the first time. With UED, we directly observed the prompt (within 5 ps) formation of the C2F4I transient structure, and its subsequent decay with a rate of (25 ± 7 ps)-1. The molecular structure of the C2F4I radical was determined to be classical, not bridgedand was refined via a least-squares fitting procedure. These experimental results are compared with recent predictions obtained from ab initio and density functional theory calculations (Ihee, H.; Kua, J.; Goddard, W. A.; Zewail A. H. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 3623), yielding quantitative agreement to within 0.03 Å between the experimental and theoretical structures for the transient intermediate.
Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Vietnamese Adolescents (2008)

Individual (gender and acculturation), microsystem (social support), exosystem (socioeconomic status), and macrosystem (racism) variables were examined as predictors of career decision-making self-efficacy in a sample of 85 Vietnamese adolescents in the Washington, D.C., area. English language acculturation and peer support accounted for unique variance in the prediction of career decision-making self-efficacy. Implications for career counseling and future research are discussed.
Design of multi-interface Wi-Fi node for Sensor Network (2011)

In this paper, a multi-interface Wi-Fi node for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is constructed. Wi-Fi is connected through SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface Bus) to form the relatively energy saving wireless transmission. Along with other interfaces, the multi-interface function requirements are satisfied. Firstly, the overall module design framework is introduced, followed by the hardware and software designs respectively. This project focuses on the node expansibility, taking TQ2440 as the base hardware platform, which is rich in interfaces with reserved extensive area. On the other hand, eCos is adopted to provide the real-time performance. After the drivers' implementation on eCos, which contain serial, flash, Ethernet and Wi-Fi, OLSR route protocol is ported to eCos as system route used in the data transmission course. Ultimately, nodes are deployed in AdHoc mode network for tests, which prove that the wireless data acquisition and transmission are available for the node construction. Meanwhile, the AdHoc mode can enhance the robustness of the network, reducing the network failure due to the router crashing in the central control network. It is believed that the node design realizes a prototype which can be used in most of the remote monitoring scene of WSNs.
미국의 ICT 일자리창출정책의 현황과 시사점 (2010)

It is obvious that many countries are struggling for dealing with global economic crisis by investing in social facilities and infrastructures. There is a growing tendency among developed countries to use ICT policies for expanding demand of labor as a short term goal. In addition to this, they are aiming to generate new growth engines for sustainable development. It means that spurring investments in ICT infrastructures not only can provide an important short-term boost to economy; it also can lay the groundwork for long-term economic growth, international competitiveness. Similarly, Korea government also promotes the policies that emphasize job creation while suggesting green growth strategies. ITIF analyzed the employment impact of investments in ICT infrastructures in 2009. The major results are as follows. First of all, broadband access is critical to economic and employment growth in communities and regions throughout the country. Secondly, they believe that investment in health IT, particularly in electronic health records, in the United States is necessary to improve quality of care and help stem the rising cost of health care. Finally, with growing concern about energy efficiency, and energy independence, modernizing national power grid infrastructure represents an important investment opportunity. In this article, the author identifies and examines the concepts and status of job creation, then figure out the current situation of ICT policy for drawing appropriate policy implications.
Contributions to Objective and Subjective Visual Quality Assessment of 3D Models (2016)

In computer graphics realm, three-dimensional graphical data, generally represented by triangular meshes, have become commonplace, and are deployed in a variety of application processes (e.g., smoothing, compression, remeshing, simplification, rendering, etc.). However, these processes inevitably introduce artifacts, altering the visual quality of the rendered 3D data. Thus, in order to perceptually drive the processing algorithms, there is an increasing need for efficient and effective subjective and objective visual quality assessments to evaluate and predict the visual artifacts. In this thesis, we first present a comprehensive survey on different sources of artifacts in digital graphics, and current objective and subjective visual quality assessments of the artifacts. Then, we introduce a newly designed subjective quality study based on evaluations of the local visibility of geometric artifacts, in which observers were asked to mark areas of 3D meshes that contain noticeable distortions. The collected perceived distortion maps are used to illustrate several perceptual functionalities of the human visual system (HVS), and serve as ground-truth to evaluate the performances of well-known geometric attributes and metrics for predicting the local visibility of distortions. Our second study aims to evaluate the visual quality of texture mapped 3D model subjectively and objectively. To achieve these goals, we introduced 136 processed models with both geometric and texture distortions, conducted a paired-comparison subjective experiment, and invited 101 subjects to evaluate the visual qualities of the models under two rendering protocols. Driven by the collected subjective opinions, we propose two objective visual quality metrics for textured meshes, relying on the optimal combinations of geometry and texture quality measures. These proposed perceptual metrics outperform their counterparts in term of the correlation with the human judgment.
New Construction of Rate-Compatible Block-Type Low-Density Parity-Check Codes Using Splitting (2006)

In this paper, we construct rate-compatible block-type low-density parity-check (B-LDPC) codes using splitting that cover a wide range of code rates from 1/3 to 4/5. They outperform other rate-compatible B-LDPC codes for all rates and can be decoded conveniently and efficiently. A strong motivation for proposing splitting scheme comes from the observation that the quality of the initial transmission is the most important factor to achieve high throughput of type-II HARQ. Proposed scheme builds low-rate codes from high-rate codes by splitting rows of the given LDPC parity-check matrix. Thus, rate-compatible LDPC codes obtained by splitting have good FER (Frame Error Rate) performance in the first transmission. Contrary to other rate-control methods such as puncturing, shortening, and extending, the splitting algorithm not only needs smaller number of operations but also shows faster decoding convergence speed since more efficient Tanner graph is used for the decoding.
Experimental Comparison of the Thrombogenicity of Fibrin and PTFE Flow Surfaces (1980)

Two types of 4 mm ID prostheses were studied in the carotid arteries of the dog. These were noncrimped polypropylene-supported filamentous velour knitted Dacron (PPSFV) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE, Gore-Tex). Thrombus-"Free" Surface TFS) areas and patency rates were determined at the end of the implant periods. One series of implants was subjected to controlled low flow rates for six hours; another was exposed to physiologic flow rates and observed at seven days, 14 days, and 12 weeks. At six hours the filamentous Dacron, preclotted according to a specific regimen utilizating heparin, performed as well as, and possibly better than, e-PTFE. The Gore-Tex developed surface coagulum in an irregular fashion which was related to graft wetting and blood soakage. Seven-day TFS scores and patency rates of the two graft types were comparable at physiologic flow rates. At two weeks, TFS scores and patency rates of the two graft types were comparable at physiologic flow rates. At two weeks, TFS scores and patency rates dropped. This was sufficiently marked in the case of e-PTFE that longer-term implants were not done. However, PPSFV grafts were implanted for 12 weeks, and all grafts examined at that time had closed. It appears that patency of 4 mm ID grafts of this construction will not be reliably attained in the dog carotid artery without the use of platelet-inhibitory drugs until complete healing has occurred.
Feeder-Free Derivation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (2011)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be created by forcing expression of certain genes in fibroblasts or other somatic cell types, reversing them to a pluripotent state similar to that of embryonic stem cells (ESC). Here, we used human immature dental pulp stem cells (hIDPSCs) as an alternative source for creating iPSC. hIDPSCs can be easily isolated from accessible tissue of young and adult patients. hIDPSCs possess a fibroblast-like morphology, retaining characteristics of adult multipotent stem cells. Reprogramming of hIDPSCs was fast, producing primary hIDPSC-iPSC colonies even under feeder-free conditions. hIDPSCs acquired ESC-like morphology, expressed pluripotent markers, possessed stable, normal karyotypes, and demonstrated the ability to differentiated in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that hIDPSCs-iPSCs offer an advantageous cell system for future cell therapy and basic studies, particularly as a model for pediatric developmental disorders.
Effect of Coligands on Biodistribution Characteristics of Ternary Ligand <sup>99m</sup>Tc Complexes of a HYNIC-Conjugated Cyclic RGDfK Dimer (2005)

This report describes biodistribution characteristics of three ternary ligand complexes [(99m)Tc(SQ168)(tricine)(L)] (SQ168 = [2-[[[5-[carboonyl]-2-pyridinyl]hydrazono]methyl]-benzenesulfonic acid]-Glu(cyclo{Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe})-cyclo{Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe}; L = TPPTS (trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3' '-trisulfonate), ISONIC (isonicotinic acid) and PDA (2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid)) in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer xenografts. Ternary ligand complexes [(99m)Tc(SQ168)(tricine)(L)] (L = TPPTS, ISONIC and PDA) were prepared and were analyzed by a reversed HPLC method. Surprisingly, coligands have little impact on log P values of their ternary ligand (99m)Tc complexes even though HPLC retention times suggest that [(99m)Tc(SQ168)(tricine)(PDA)] and [(99m)Tc(SQ168)(tricine)(ISONIC)] are more hydrophilic than [(99m)Tc(SQ168)(tricine)(TPPTS)]. The results from biodistribution studies indicated that excretion kinetics of the (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGDfK dimer can be modified by the choice of coligand. The fact that all three radiotracers show high tumor uptake during the 2 h study period suggests that the coligand has minimal effect on the tumor targeting capability of the (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGDfK dimer. Results from the blocking experiment suggest that the tumor localization of the (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGDfK dimer is integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated. On the basis of their liver uptake and tumor/liver ratios, we believe that PDA has the advantage over TPPTS and ISONIC for the (99m)Tc-labeling of HYNIC-biomolecule conjugates.
HUMAN MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AT THE FIRST CONTACT WITH HER YOUNG (1970)

To explore and eamine maternal behavior in human mothers at the first postnatal contact with their young, we quantitatively analyzed photographs taken every second during the first 10 minutes of each contact. We recorded and studied this behavior in 12 mothers 1/2 to 13 1/2 hours following delivery, with their normal, full-term infants undressed and placed beside them, and in 9 other mothers during their first three tactile contacts with their premature infants (weighing 1,150 to 1,870 gm) in incubators. An orderly progression of behavior was observed in mothers of full-term infants: the mothers started with fingertip touch on the infants' extremities and proceeded in 4 to 8 minutes to massaging, encompassing palm contact on the trunk. In the first 3 minutes fingertip contact was 52%, with 28% palm contact. In the last 3 minutes of observation, fingertip contact decreased to 26% and palm contact increased to 62%. An intense interest in eye-to-eye contact was observed at the first contact. Mother-to-infant eye-to-eye contact appears to be an important exchange during the development of affectional ties. Mothers of normal premature infants permitted to touch them in the first 3 to 5 days of life followed a similar sequence, but at a much slower rate. Our results reveal suggestive evidence of species-specific behavior in human mothers at the first contact with their full-term infants and suggest that a re-evaluation is required of the present hospital policies which regulate care of the mother and infant.
Localization of taurine transporters, taurine, and <sup>3</sup>H taurine accumulation in the rat retina, pituitary, and brain (2001)

The nervous system contains an abundance of taurine, a neuroactive sulfonic acid. Antibodies were generated against two cloned high-affinity taurine transporters, referred to in this study as TAUT-1 and TAUT-2. The distribution of such was compared with the distribution of taurine in the rat brain, pituitary, and retina. The cellular pattern of [(3)H] taurine uptake in brain slices, pituitary slices, and retinas was examined by autoradiography. TAUT-2 was predominantly associated with glial cells, including the Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum and astrocytes in brain areas such as hippocampus. Low-level labeling for TAUT-2 was also observed in some neurones such as CA1 pyramidal cells. TAUT-1 distribution was more limited; in the posterior pituitary TAUT-1 was associated with the pituicytes but was absent from glial cells in the intermediate and anterior lobes. Conversely, in the brain TAUT-1 was associated with cerebellar Purkinje cells and, in the retina, with photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Our data suggest that intracellular taurine levels in glial cells and neurons may be regulated in part by specific high-affinity taurine transporters. The heterogeneous distribution of taurine and its transporters in the brain does not reconcile well with the possibility that taurine acts solely as a ubiquitous osmolyte in nervous tissues.
Low-cost silicon photodiodes for x-ray detection (1988)

Low-cost PIN silicon photodiodes with an active area of 1 cm2 or more have become readily available in recent years. Devices fabricated on 300 mu m, high-resistivity silicon can have a junction capacitance of the order of 50 pF. Used with very low noise preamplifiers they can replace photomultipliers in some applications. The noise performance of two commonly available photodiodes connected to a low-noise, hybrid preamplifier, developed for a large CERN experiment, has been investigated by using the devices as direct x-ray detectors. The energy resolution which is dominated by the system noise varies from 10% at 60 keV to 4% at 120 keV, equivalent to a noise charge at the preamplifier input of approximately 680 e- RMS.
Relative and absolute quantitative shotgun proteomics: targeting low-abundance proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana (2006)

The plant system is a highly dynamic structure on all molecular levels, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. Thus, protein analysis has to cope with a highly dynamic range of concentrations. A severe problem is the detection of low-abundance proteins in the presence of housekeeping proteins. Basically three approaches are facilitated to measure protein abundance in a comprehensive manner: 2DE and one- or multi-dimensional shotgun proteomics, with or without stable-isotope labelling. These comparative techniques allow for the identification of altered protein levels compared with a reference state. However, they are limited to the analysis of medium/high-abundance proteins. Using stable-isotope dilution techniques it is possible to target the quantitative analysis to low-abundance proteins and to measure absolute concentrations of proteins. Based on multi-dimensional non-gel shotgun proteomics in Arabidopis thaliana, a list of tryptic peptides comprising >1000 proteins was generated. A strategy for quantitative plant proteomics is proposed using this master-list for selecting signature peptides of proteins. To prove the concept, a liquid chromatography-high-resolution triple quadrupole multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry technique is described to determine the absolute amount of a low-abundance sucrose synthase isoform out of an ultra-complex A. thaliana protein extract.
Development of GaInNAsSb alloys: Growth, band structure, optical properties and applications (2007)

Abstract In the past few years, GaInNAsSb has been found to be a potentially superior material to both GaInNAs and InGaAsP for communications wavelength laser applications. It has been observed that due to the surfactant role of antimony during epitaxy, higher quality material can be grown over the entire 1.2–1.6 µm range on GaAs substrates. In addition, it has been discovered that antimony in GaInNAsSb also works as a constituent that significantly modifies the valence band. These findings motivated a systematic study of GaInNAsSb alloys with widely varying compositions. Our recent progress in growth and materials development of GaInNAsSb alloys and our fabrication of 1.5–1.6 µm lasers are discussed in this paper. We review our recent studies of the conduction band offset in (Ga,In) (N,As,Sb)/GaAs quantum wells and discuss the growth challenges of GaInNAsSb alloys. Finally, we report record setting long wavelength edge emitting lasers and the first monolithic VCSELs operating at 1.5 μm based on GaInNAsSb QWs grown on GaAs. Successful development of GaInNAsSb alloys for lasers has led to a much broader range of potential applications for this material including: solar cells, electroabsorption modulators, saturable absorbers and far infrared optoelectronic devices and these are also briefly discussed in this paper. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)