gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of 3D geological and numerical models based on tetrahedral meshes for hydrogeological simulations in fractured porous media (2009)

Une nouvelle approche de modélisation des milieux géologiques fracturés représentés par un modèle conceptuel de fractures discrètes et déterministes est présentée dans cette thèse. L'objectif principal de l'étude est de reproduire l'hétérogénéité et la complexité des milieux poreux fracturés dans un modèle géométrique tridimensionnel afin d'effectuer des simulations numériques dans le but d'améliorer les capacités de modélisation en hydrogéologie. Ceci est réalisé à travers le couplage entre une plateforme de modélisation géologique (GOCAD) et un code numérique (HydroGeoSphere). Les principaux défis à relever sont: la représentation géométrique du réseau de fractures, la sélection d'un maillage approprié pour la discrétisation spatiale du domaine de simulation et l'adaptation du code numérique à ce maillage. La nouvelle approche est basée sur une première phase de modélisation géologique 3D, suivie par la génération d'un maillage tétraédrique 3D et par la simulation numérique de l'écoulement souterrain en conditions saturées et du transport de solutés. En général, le maillage tétraédrique s'avère plus adéquat que les maillages de blocs ou de prismes pour discrétiser les geometries complexes telles que les milieux fracturés. De plus, une définition alternative du maillage "dual", qui est essentiel pour appliquer la méthode numérique élément finis - volume de contrôle utilisée par HydroGeoSphere, est analysée et intégrée dans le code numérique. Le code numérique proposé est d'abord vérifié par l'intermédiaire de simples scénarios de simulation dont les solutions, analytiques et numériques, sont déjà connues. La complexité des simulations est augmentée de façon graduelle. L'approche de modélisation est finalement appliquée au site Olkiluoto (Finlande) où un laboratoire de recherche souterrain est en construction afin d'évaluer la faisabilité du stockage géologique profond de déchets nucléaires à haute activité. Les techniques de modélisation géologique mises au point permettent de modéliser facilement la géométrie des fractures identifiées à travers la caractérisation géologique in situ. De plus, le modèle numérique s'avère adéquat pour la simulation de l'écoulement et du transport de solutés dans ce site complexe. Ce travail de recherche présente une contribution au développement des techniques de modélisation hydrogéologique des milieux fracturés.
Mechanism of p-Substituted Phenol Oxidation at a Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> Reactive Electrochemical Membrane (2014)

This research investigated the removal mechanisms of p-nitrophenol, p-methoxyphenol, and p-benzoquinone at a porous Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) under anodic polarization. Cross-flow filtration experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that p-benzoquinone removal was primarily due to reaction with electrochemically formed OH(•), while the dominant removal mechanism of p-nitrophenol and p-methoxyphenol was a function of the anodic potential. At low anodic potentials (1.7-1.8 V/SHE), p-nitrophenol and p-methoxyphenol were removed primarily by an electrochemical adsorption/polymerization mechanism on the REM. Increasing anodic potentials (1.9-3.2 V/SHE) resulted in the electroassisted adsorption mechanism contributing far less to p-methoxyphenol removal compared to p-nitrophenol. DFT calculations indicated that an increase in anodic potential resulted in a shift in p-methoxyphenol removal from a 1e(-) direct electron transfer (DET) reaction that resulted in radical formation and significant adsorption/polymerization, to a 2e(-) DET reaction that formed nonadsorbing products (i.e., p-benzoquinone). However, the anodic potentials were too low for the 2e(-) DET reaction to be thermodynamically favorable for p-nitrophenol. The decreased COD adsorption for p-nitrophenol at higher anodic potentials was attributed to reaction of soluble/adsorbed organics with OH(•). These results provide the first mechanistic explanation for p-substituted phenolic compound removal during advanced electrochemical oxidation processes.
Near-infrared, laser-induced fluorescence detection for DNA sequencing applications (1996)

Laser-induced fluorescence detection has become the detection strategy of choice in many large-scale DNA sequencing applications due to its ease of Implementation, sensitivity and the ability to identify the constituent bases of DNA in a single separation lane when the probes used have a distinct spectral characteristic. While the common strategy is to use fluorescent dyes which show absorption and emission properties in the visible region (400-600 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum, our efforts have been directed toward developing near-IR (700-1000 nm) fluorescence as a viable detection strategy for DNA sequencing. In this paper, we discuss our results concerning the use of near-IR fluorescence detection for DNA sequencing carried out in a capillary gel column, where the capillary column has an internal diameter of 75 /spl mu/m, and the loading level of DNA onto this column is in the nL regime, requiring ultra-sensitive detection. In addition, we discuss our efforts toward the development of a highly efficient, single lane, single fluor, base-calling strategy using lifetime discrimination of heavy-atom modified near-IR dyes. The dyes developed for this application contain an intramolecular heavy atom (halogen) on a remote section of the chromophore, resulting in a perturbation in the fluorescence lifetime without altering the absorption or emission maximum of the base chromophore. This will allow the dye series to be excited with a single laser with the fluorescence processed on a single detector and the identity of the terminal base accomplished via lifetime discrimination. In order to effectively carry out lifetime measurements during capillary electrophoretic separation of the oligonucleotides, a simple solid-state time-correlated single photon counting instrument was constructed.
Analytical Methodology for the Detection of Benzodiazepine Consumption in Opioid-Dependent Subjects (2001)

Benzodiazepines are frequently abused by heroin users, but not all compounds have shown the same abuse liability. We developed an analytical method that was able to detect various benzodiazepine compounds in a single run. Enzymatically hydrolyzed urine underwent a liquid-liquid extraction procedure with chloroform/isopropanol (9:1) at pH 8-9 followed by a solid-liquid clean-up (Bond Elut TCA C18) to obtain appropriate extracts for HPLC analysis. Mobile phase composition was optimized by means of the linear solvation energy relationship methodology based on Reichardt's normalized solvatochromic parameter (E(T)N). The method was validated for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of alprazolam, alpha-hydroxyalprazolam, oxazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, flunitrazepam, nordiazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam. The prevalence of benzodiazepine consumption in 229 opioid-dependent subjects on methadone-maintenance treatment was 48%. Oxazepam and nordiazepam were the benzodiazepines most frequently recoved in urine samples. The prevalence of alprazolam use (40%) was higher than that of flunitrazepam (10%).
Mechanical motion promotes expression of Prg4 in articular cartilage via multiple CREB-dependent, fluid flow shear stress-induced signaling pathways (2014)

Lubricin is a secreted proteoglycan encoded by the Prg4 locus that is abundantly expressed by superficial zone articular chondrocytes and has been noted to both be sensitive to mechanical loading and protect against the development of osteoarthritis. In this study, we document that running induces maximal expression of Prg4 in the superficial zone of knee joint articular cartilage in a COX-2-dependent fashion, which correlates with augmented levels of phospho-S133 CREB and increased nuclear localization of CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs) in this tissue. Furthermore, we found that fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) increases secretion of extracellular PGE2, PTHrP, and ATP (by epiphyseal chondrocytes), which together engage both PKA- and Ca(++)-regulated signaling pathways that work in combination to promote CREB-dependent induction of Prg4, specifically in superficial zone articular chondrocytes. Because running and FFSS both boost Prg4 expression in a COX-2-dependent fashion, our results suggest that mechanical motion may induce Prg4 expression in the superficial zone of articular cartilage by engaging the same signaling pathways activated in vitro by FFSS that promote CREB-dependent gene expression in this tissue.
Application oriented connected dominating set-based cluster formation in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Abstract Clustering is a fundamental mechanism used in the design of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) protocols. The performance of WSNs can be improved by selecting the most suitable nodes to form a stable backbone structure with guaranteed network coverage. This paper proposes a base station-controlled centralized algorithm for static sensor networks and a distributed, weighted algorithm for dynamic sensor networks. The solutions are based on a ( k , r )- Connected Dominating Set , which is suitable for cluster-based hierarchical routing. The clusterhead redundancy parameter k improves reliability, the multi-hop parameter r addresses the scalability issue and the combined weight metric improves the network lifespan and reduces the number of re-affiliations. To create a stable and efficient backbone structure, the backbone sensor nodes are selected based on quality, which is a function of the residual battery power, node degree, transmission range, and mobility of the sensor nodes. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of both the algorithms in terms of the number of elements in the backbone structure, re-affiliation frequency, load balancing, network lifespan, and the power dissipation. The results establish the potential of these algorithms for use in WSNs.
Prevention, management, and rehabilitation of stroke in low- and middle-income countries (2016)

Although stroke incidence in high-income countries (HICs) decreased over the past four decades, it increased dramatically in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this review, we describe the current status of primary prevention, treatment, and management of acute stroke and secondary prevention of and rehabilitation after stroke in LMICs. Although surveillance, screening, and accurate diagnosis are important for stroke prevention, LMICs face challenges in these areas due to lack of resources, awareness, and technical capacity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as no tobacco use, healthful diet, and physical activity are important strategies for both primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Controlling high blood pressure is also critically important in the general population and in the acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke. Additional primary prevention strategies include community-based education programs, polypill, prevention and management of atrial fibrillation, and digital health technology. For treatment of stroke during the acute stage, specific surgical procedures and medications are recommended, and inpatient stroke care units have been proven to provide high quality care. Patients with a chronic condition like stroke may require lifelong pharmaceutical treatment, lifestyle maintenance and self-management skills, and caregiver and family support, in order to achieve optimal health outcomes. Rehabilitation improves physical, speech, and cognitive functioning of disabled stroke patients. It is expected that home- or community-based services and tele-rehabilitation may hold special promise for stroke patients in LMICs.
Microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene polymorphism and susceptibility to colon cancer (1998)

We examined polymorphisms in exons 3 and 4 of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in 101 patients with colon cancer and compared the results with 203 control samples. The frequency of the exon 3 T to C mutation was higher in cancer patients than in controls (odds ratio 3.8; 95% confidence intervals 1.8-8.0). This sequence alteration changes tyrosine residue 113 to histidine and is associated with lower enzyme activity when expressed in vitro. This suggests that putative slow epoxide hydrolase activity may be a risk factor for colon cancer. This appears to be true for both right- and left-sided tumours, but was more apparent for tumours arising distally (odds ratio 4.1; 95% confidence limits 1.9-9.2). By contrast, there was no difference in prevalence of exon 4 A to G transition mutation in cancer vs controls. This mutation changes histidine residue 139 to arginine and produces increased enzyme activity. There was no association between epoxide hydrolase genotype and abnormalities of p53 or Ki-Ras.
Molecular single cell analysis demonstrates the derivation of a peripheral blood-derived cell line (L1236) from the Hodgkin/Reed- Sternberg cells of a Hodgkin's lymphoma patient (1996)

A novel cell line, L1236, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with Hodgkin's disease (HD). Two Ig VH and one Vkappa gene rearrangements were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the DNA of this cell line, demonstrating its derivation from the B-cell lineage. To test the cell line for its clonal relationship to the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells in the patient, single H-RS cells were micromanipulated from tissue sections of a tumor-infiltrated bone marrow specimen from that patient and analyzed by PCR for Ig gene rearrangements. The same rearrangements detected in the cell line were also found repeatedly in H-RS cells of the biopsy material. Thus, L1236 is the first cell line established from a case of HD for which a derivation from the H-RS cells of the patient could be demonstrated. Furthermore, the selective isolation of identical V gene rearrangements from multiple single H-RS cells demonstrates that these cells represented a clonal population in the patient.
Blockade of bulky lymphoma‐associated CD55 expression by RNA interference overcomes resistance to complement‐dependent cytotoxicity with rituximab (2005)

Recently, anti-CD20 (rituximab) and anti-Her2/neu (trastuzumab) antibodies have been developed and applied to the treatment of malignant lymphoma and breast cancer, respectively. However, bulky lymphoma is known to be resistant to rituximab therapy, and this needs to be overcome. Fresh lymphoma cells were collected from 30 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the expression of CD20 and CD55 was examined by flow cytometry, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays were carried out. Susceptibility to CDC with rituximab was decreased in a tumor size-dependent manner (r=-0.895, P<0.0001), but not in a CD20-dependent manner (r=-0.076, P=0.6807) using clinical samples. One complement-inhibitory protein, CD55, contributed to bulky lymphoma-related resistance to CDC with rituximab. A decrease in susceptibility to CDC with rituximab was statistically dependent on CD55 expression (r=-0.927, P<0.0001) and the relationship between tumor size and CD55 expression showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.921, P<0.0001) using clinical samples. To overcome the resistance to rituximab by high expression of CD55 in bulky lymphoma masses, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed from the DNA sequence corresponding to nucleic acids 1-380 of the CD55 cDNA. Introduction of this siRNA decreased CD55 expression in the breast cancer cell line SK-BR3 and in CD20-positive cells of patients with recurrent lymphoma; resistance to CDC was also inhibited. This observation gives us a novel strategy to suppress bulky disease-related resistance to monoclonal antibody treatment.
A prototype helping device for the visually impaired using an optical to mechanical transducer (2013)

Computer hardware is becoming ubiquitous, from kitchen appliances to research machines to cell phones. This availability of computing capable circuits has driven its cost down, thus making several applications possible on commercial hardware. Computer vision is one of such tasks, it is now possible to create computer based helping devices for the visually impaired. In recent years there has been an explotion of computer vision hardware for many applications, 3D scanners in particular which are used to interact with regular operative systems or games. This paper presents an apparatus which uses one of such devices (Kinect) developed by Microsoft that senses the world in 3D. This information is then processed with a low-power computer called the BeagleBone whose output will be sent to the user via mechanical pulses.
Non-invasive detection of human cardiomyocyte death using methylation patterns of circulating DNA (2018)

Detection of cardiomyocyte death is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Here we use comparative methylome analysis to identify genomic loci that are unmethylated specifically in cardiomyocytes, and develop these as biomarkers to quantify cardiomyocyte DNA in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) derived from dying cells. Plasma of healthy individuals contains essentially no cardiomyocyte cfDNA, consistent with minimal cardiac turnover. Patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction show a robust cardiac cfDNA signal that correlates with levels of troponin and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), including the expected elevation-decay dynamics following coronary angioplasty. Patients with sepsis have high cardiac cfDNA concentrations that strongly predict mortality, suggesting a major role of cardiomyocyte death in mortality from sepsis. A cfDNA biomarker for cardiomyocyte death may find utility in diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac pathologies and in the study of normal human cardiac physiology and development.
<title>Polycrystalline diamond films as prospective UV photocathodes</title> (2000)

Polycrystalline diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition have been considered recently for a number of UV detection applications. Negative electron affinity, chemical and mechanical stability and relative ease of fabrication make such films attractive candidates for effective and stable UV photoconverters. In this paper we present our study of the absolute quantum efficiency of a thin film diamond reflective photocathode in the spectral range of 25 - 200 nm. Modification of the surface by microwave hydrogen plasma etching resulted in a substantial increase of the photocathode sensitivity. The quantum efficiency of the photocathode at approximately 40 nm was as high as 37 percent and the sensitivity cut off was found to be about 200 nm. We also verified that the photocathode is relatively stable under air exposure. The relative QE degradation in the spectral range studied did not exceed 15 percent after the sample was left in ambient air for 18 hours. In addition, the diamond photocathode appeared to be chemically stable and mechanically robust: alcohol and water ultrasonic cleaning, followed by the same surface activation in hydrogen plasma, did not result in any degradation of the sample UV sensitivity. The photoyield from the diamond film at 256 angstrom exhibited an increase with the angle of radiation incidence, which is in agreement with the results of our calculations.
Thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). II. Organic analysis (1971)

Abstract A concerted study of poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(vinylidene chloride) polymers by spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography resulted in a proposed mechanism for their thermal degradation. Polymer structure with respect to total chlorine content and position was determined, and the influence of these polymer units on certain of the decomposition parameters is presented. Distinguishing differences were obtained for the kinetics of decomposition, reactive macroradical intermediates, and pyrolysis product distributions for these systems. It was determined that chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) systems with long‐chain CHCI units were more thermally stable than the unchlorinated precursor, exhibited increasing activation energy for the dehydrochlorination, and produced chlorine‐containing macroradical intermediates and chlorinated aromatic pyrolysis products. The poly(vinyl chloride) polymer was relatively less thermally stable, exhibited decreasing activation energy during dehydrochlorination, and produced polyenyl macro‐radical intermediates and aromatic pyrolysis products.
A METHOD OF SPINAL FUSION (1959)

1. A relatively simple method of spinal fusion with internal splinting by screw fixation has been described. Complications have been few. 2. Emphasis is placed upon thorough removal of soft tissue, correct placement of screws of good length, the exposure of bleeding bone wherever possible in the fusion area, and the use of well packed cancellous bone. 3. There is enough spongy bone in one posterior superior iliac spine for an ordinary spinal fusion, and, if more is needed, the other is readily available through the same skin incision. Not only is cancellous bone more desirable than a massive cortical graft, but the leg is spared, allowing early walking and freedom from complications in the limb. 4. The lateral articulations are left intact. 5. Screw fixation has eliminated the use of external support except in spondylolisthesis, or when so much bone has been removed during laminectomy that good fixation cannot be obtained. 6. Early, sometimes immediate, relief of symptoms is usual after operation, and early walking with moderate activity is desirable. 7. When the operation was done for degenerative changes with no apparent defect in the laminae there was no radiological evidence of failure of fusion after operations at one level, but two failures were found after attempted fusions at multiple levels. 8. Root irritation from screw contact in two patients was due to faulty technique. A method of screw placement to avoid this complication is described and illustrated by radiographs and photographs of a cadaver specimen. 9. There has been no known instance of an adverse psychological effect from the use of screws. Rather, there has commonly been a lively and healthy interest shown in the factor which has allowed early activity.
Temperature Measurement by Observation of the Raman Spectrum of Diamond (1992)

In designing a fiber-optic probe to use for Raman spectral measurements in a fused salt melt at temperatures in the range 500 to 900°C, we were led to the possible use of a diamond window to aid resistance to corrosion. Diamond (space group Fd3m) with 2 atoms per Bravais unit cell, possesses one triply degenerate first-order lattice phonon with symmetry, F2g, which is Raman active. The resulting Raman line occurs at 1332 cm−1 at room temperature; the line is sharp and well separated from the lower-frequency area where the Raman spectrum of other melt species would be observed. Studies of the Raman spectra of diamond as a function of temperature have previously been reported. Stokes/anti-Stokes ratio, shift, and width of the Raman spectrum of diamond have been reported by Herchen and Cappellli and by Anastassakis et al. These studies were carried out to better characterize the physical properties of diamond. Considering the fact that Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities could be measured concurrently with the spectra of the melt species, we thought the diamond Raman line might also be used to make an in situ temperature measurement for this and other systems.