gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioluminescence - Chemical Principles and Methods (2006)

This book is an authoritative monograph on the recent progresses in the chemistry of bioluminescence. It provides a comprehensive overview of the past and the latest developments in understanding the biochemical mechanisms of some 35 different types of luminous organisms, together with information helpful to students and researchers in an Appendix. It is the first and only book that provides chemical information on all currently known bioluminescence systems. Dr Shimomura is the leading practitioner in the field for the past half century, and is best known for his discovery of the jellyfish photoprotein aequorin and the green fluorescent protein. This book is the bible of bioluminescence, and is "a must read", not only for the students who study bioluminescence but also for those who work in various aspects relating to bioluminescence. This book will be an important source of chemical knowledge on bioluminescence for a long period of time in future. Fully revised since its publication in 2006, it now incorporates the most recent advances in the subject area. A new section on "Green Fluorescent Protein" has been added at the end of Chapter 4. It also contains an extensive reference section
Conveying glycan information into T‐cell homeostatic programs: a challenging role for galectin‐1 in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments (2009)

The immune system has evolved sophisticated mechanisms composed of several checkpoints and fail-safe processes that enable it to orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity, while at the same time limiting aberrant or unfaithful T-cell function. These multiple regulatory pathways take place during the entire life-span of T cells including T-cell development, homing, activation, and differentiation. Galectin-1, an endogenous glycan-binding protein widely expressed at sites of inflammation and tumor growth, controls a diversity of immune cell processes, acting either extracellularly through specific binding to cell surface glycan structures or intracellularly through modulation of pathways that remain largely unexplored. In this review, we highlight the discoveries that have led to our current understanding of the role of galectin-1 in distinct immune cell process, particularly those associated with T-cell homeostasis. Also, we emphasize findings emerging from the study of experimental models of autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, fetomaternal tolerance, and tumor growth, which have provided fundamental insights into the critical role of galectin-1 and its specific saccharide ligands in immunoregulation. Challenges for the future will embrace the rational manipulation of galectin-1-glycan interactions both towards attenuating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and recurrent fetal loss, while at the same overcoming immune tolerance in chronic infections and cancer.
Functional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells by AAV6.2-Mediated Segmental <i>Trans</i> -Splicing (2009)

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by deficiency of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a Cl(-) transporter. The packaging constraints of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors preclude delivery of both an active promoter and CFTR cDNA to target cells. We hypothesized that segmental trans-splicing, in which two AAV vectors deliver the 5' and 3' halves of the CFTR cDNA, could mediate splicing of two pre-mRNAs into a full-length, functional CFTR mRNA. Using a segmental trans-splicing 5' donor-3' acceptor pair that split the CFTR cDNA between exons 14a and 14b, cotransfection of donor and acceptor plasmids into CFTR(-) cells resulted in full-length CFTR message and protein. Microinjection of plasmids into CFTR(-) cells produced cAMP-activated Cl(-) conductance. Vectors created with an engineered human serotype, AAV6.2, were used to deliver CFTR donor and acceptor constructs, resulting in full-length CFTR mRNA and protein as well as cAMP-activated Cl(-) conductance in CFTR(-) cells, including human CF airway epithelial IB3-1 cells. Thus, segmental trans-splicing can be used with AAV vectors to mediate expression of CFTR, a strategy potentially applicable to individuals with CF.
“Dark” Singlet Oxygenation of β-Citronellol: A Key Step in the Manufacture of Rose Oxide (2009)

We describe the development of a scalable process for the “dark” singlet oxygenation of β-citronellol as a key step in the manufacture of the fragrance compound, rose oxide. This process, based on catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide into singlet oxygen and water, has been carried out on production scale in 10 m3 reactors.
Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)

A particulate fraction from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn1 mutant was obtained after extracting a 115,000 x g pellet with 0.75% Triton X-100. Incubation of this preparation with labeled Man8GlcNAc and Man9GlcNAc in the presence of GDP-mannose followed by high pressure liquid chromatography showed the formation of Man9GlcNAc and Man10GlcNAc, respectively. Analysis by high resolution 1H NMR of the products indicates that, in each case, the mannose residue added is alpha-1,6-linked to the alpha-1,6-mannose residue of the substrate as follows (where M represents mannose and Gn represents N-acetylglucosamine): (Formula: see text). The mannosyltransferase therefore catalyzes the first step specific to the biosynthesis of the outer chain of yeast mannoproteins. The apparent Km values for both substrates are similar: 0.39 mM for Man8GlcNAc and 0.35 mM for Man9GlcNAc. The alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase exhibits maximum activity between pH 7.1 and 7.6 in Tris maleate buffer, has an absolute requirement for Mn2+, and also requires Triton X-100. These results indicate that removal of the alpha-1,2-linked mannose residue from Man9GlcNAc is not essential for the alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase which initiates outer chain synthesis, at least when oligosaccharides are used as substrates in a cell-free system.
Ilmenite Hydrochloric Acid Leaching for Synthetic Rutile Preparation (2007)

The synthetic rutile is prepared by directly leaching ilmenite from Panzhihua area with hydrochloric acid.The results show that the grain size of ilmenite ore and the concentration of hydrochloric acid are the most remarkable influencing factors on the TiO2 grade in synthetic rutile.The TiO2 grade of 94.39% in the synthetic rutile is achieved under the conditions of ilmenite ore 4h grounding,leaching with 30% HCl solution,4:1 for liquid/solid ratio at 95℃ for 4h.While for the unground ilmenite ore,it needs 10h to obtain synthetic rutile of only 91.38% TiO2 with the same leaching parameters as for 4h ground ore.
International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice (2019)

Although faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has a well-established role in the treatment of recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI), its widespread dissemination is limited by several obstacles, including lack of dedicated centres, difficulties with donor recruitment and complexities related to regulation and safety monitoring. Given the considerable burden of CDI on global healthcare systems, FMT should be widely available to most centres.Stool banks may guarantee reliable, timely and equitable access to FMT for patients and a traceable workflow that ensures safety and quality of procedures. In this consensus project, FMT experts from Europe, North America and Australia gathered and released statements on the following issues related to the stool banking: general principles, objectives and organisation of the stool bank; selection and screening of donors; collection, preparation and storage of faeces; services and clients; registries, monitoring of outcomes and ethical issues; and the evolving role of FMT in clinical practice,Consensus on each statement was achieved through a Delphi process and then in a plenary face-to-face meeting. For each key issue, the best available evidence was assessed, with the aim of providing guidance for the development of stool banks in order to promote accessibility to FMT in clinical practice.
Learning About Design Concepts From Natural Functionally Graded Materials (1997)

Abstract The goal of this report is to provide a new insight into nature as a source of inspiration for optimizing mechanical properties of structural components through functionally graded and/or multi-phased microstructures. It is shown that biological structure is designed to have uniform strength at all positions in both radial and axial directions. Design principles and processes in plants show that plants have a cell-based sensing system for external mechanical stimuli that plays a similar role as the piezoelectric effect in bones, i.e., mechanical stress/strain changes the stationary electric potential of plants, theryby influencing the growth activity of their load carrying members. The ingenious construction of some selected biomaterials demonstrates clearly that it would be better to spend more time and money on developing functionally graded materials governed by uniform strength; for example, structure using the optimal placement of fibers, various microstructures, porous or cellular structures, etc., rather than developing new materials with high-stiffness.
Gaming machine learning (2017)

Game simulations are driving improvements in machine learning for autonomous vehicles and other devices.
Importancia de la teoría del conocimiento en las investigaciones de salud (2004)

Se realiza un estudio descriptivo para determinar la importancia y relación de las investigaciones en salud con la teoría del conocimiento exponiendo los criterios de partida de cada uno de los integrantes de este binomio. Se exponen los nexos e importancia de forma teórica y a través de ejemplos concretos con la metódica y el método llegándose a la conclusión de que el investigador para el estudio de problemas científicos requiere de la metodología del conocimiento que aporta la filosofía marxista por constituir la estrategia científica de cualquier ciencia concreta como estudio de las leyes más generales del desarrollo de la naturaleza, la sociedad y el pensamiento de lo que se deriva que la aplicación de una metodología concreta, de una ciencia particular depende en gran medida no solo del conocimiento de esa ciencia sino del profundo conocimiento que de la filosofía marxista - leninista haya alcanzado, por lo que se recomienda apertrechar a los investigadores en salud con la metodología del pensamiento científico.
High-filling-fraction inverted ZnS opals fabricated by atomic layer deposition (2003)

The infiltration of three-dimensional opal structures has been investigated by atomic layer deposition. Demonstrations using ZnS:Mn show that filling fractions &gt;95% can be achieved and that the infiltrated material is of high-quality crystalline material as assessed by photoluminescence measurements. These results demonstrate a flexible and practical pathway to attaining high-performance photonic crystal structures and optical microcavities.
A two-site ELISA can quantify upregulation of SMN protein by drugs for spinal muscular atrophy (2008)

A rapid and specific two-site, 96-well ELISA assay, available in kit format, can now quantify the effects of drugs on survival of motor neurons protein levels in cell cultures.
Reducing Variation in the “Standard of Care” for Cancer Screening (2016)

Standard of care for cancer screening: the term implies certainty and consensus. Physicians, patients, and organizations have created guidelines, policies, and regulations regarding how, when, and for whom screening should be used or reimbursed; cumulatively, these statements become the standards of care. However, these standards vary markedly across organ type, often without rationale or evidence.\n\nIn this Viewpoint, we highlight 3 areas in which cancer screening standards differ markedly for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer: funding, quality measures, and reporting. These variations were delineated through a cross-disciplinary collaboration among scientists, health care organizations, and society leaders within the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI’s) Population-Based Research Optimizing Screening Through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium.1 PROSPR studies how breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening is implemented in diverse, real-world settings.
Antitumor activity, and antiangiogenic activity of nanoparticle albumin-bound <i>nab</i>-rapamycin in combination with <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3125 Background: Rapamycin inhibits downstream signals from the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a known kinase member of a signaling pathway that promotes tumor growth. Rapamycin's poor aqueous solubility and poor chemical stability have limited its development as an intravenous (IV) anticancer agent. Nab-rapamycin utilizes the albumin-bound technology to allow for IV administration of rapamycin and has demonstrated dose-linear pharmacokinetics and safety up to 90 mg/kg with effective antitumor activity at 40 mg/kg against a human panel of tumor xenografts. This study investigated the efficacy of combined therapy with nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane®) utilizing invasive human breast (MDA-MB-231) and colon (HT29) cancer xenograft models.&#x2028; Material and Methods: Xenograft transplants using luciferase-tagged MDA-MB-231 cells were implanted into mammary fatpad of SCID mice and allowed to reach 460 mm3 in size prior to IV administration of saline (vehicle, n = 9); nab-rapamycin, 3x wkly for 2 wks at 40 mg/kg (nab-rap-2W; n = 8); nab-rapamycin, 3x wkly for 4 wks at 40 mg/kg (nab-rap-4W; n = 8); Abraxane, qdx5 at 30 mg/kg (ABX; n = 8); nab-rap-2W + ABX (n = 9); or nab-rap-4W + ABX (n = 8). HT29 xenografts were also treated with nab-rap-4W (n = 8) and nab-rap-4W + ABX (10 mg/kg, qdx5, IP, n = 8). The in vivo antiangiogenic effect of nab-rapamycin was evaluated using the standard in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay with 3-day old embryos (n = 18).&#x2028; Results: Relative to vehicle controls, nab-rap-2W (P &lt; 0.00011), nab-rap-4W (P &lt; 0.0001), and ABX (P &lt; 0.0001) were effective against MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft models with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 60%, 66%, and 73% respectively. Additive antitumor effects were observed with combination of nab-rapamycin + ABX with TGI of 81% and 86% for nab-rap-2W + ABX and nab-rap-4W + ABX groups, respectively. For HT29 tumors, the combination of ABX and nab-rapamycin also showed greater TGI (89%) compared to nab-rapamycin alone (81%). In the chick CAM assay, nab-rapamycin demonstrated antiangiogenic efficacy at doses of 10 µg and above without affecting embryo viability.&#x2028; Conclusions: Combination therapy of nab-rapamycin and Abraxane was more effective at inhibiting breast and colon xenograft tumor growth than single therapy of either drug. The enhanced antitumor activity seen with combined nab-rapamycin-Abraxane may in part be due to the observed antiangiogenic activity of nab-rapamycin. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3125.
Assessment of CD37 B-cell antigen and cell of origin significantly improves risk prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2016)

CD37 (tetraspanin TSPAN26) is a B-cell surface antigen widely expressed on mature B cells. CD37 is involved in immune regulation and tumor suppression but its function has not been fully elucidated. We assessed CD37 expression in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and investigated its clinical and biologic significance in 773 patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) and 231 patients treated with CHOP. We found that CD37 loss (CD37<sup>-</sup>) in ∼60% of DLBCL patients showed significantly decreased survival after R-CHOP treatment, independent of the International Prognostic Index (IPI), germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)/activated B-cell-like (ABC) cell of origin, nodal/extranodal primary origin, and the prognostic factors associated with CD37<sup>-</sup>, including TP53 mutation, NF-κB<sup>high</sup>, Myc<sup>high</sup>, phosphorylated STAT3<sup>high</sup>, survivin<sup>high</sup>, p63<sup>-</sup>, and BCL6 translocation. CD37 positivity predicted superior survival, abolishing the prognostic impact of high IPI and above biomarkers in GCB-DLBCL but not in ABC-DLBCL. Combining risk scores for CD37<sup>-</sup> status and ABC cell of origin with the IPI, defined as molecularly adjusted IPI for R-CHOP (M-IPI-R), or IPI plus immunohistochemistry (IHC; IPI+IHC) for CD37, Myc, and Bcl-2, significantly improved risk prediction over IPI alone. Gene expression profiling suggested that decreased CD20 and increased PD-1 levels in CD37<sup>-</sup> DLBCL, ICOSLG upregulation in CD37<sup>+</sup> GCB-DLBCL, and CD37 functions during R-CHOP treatment underlie the pivotal role of CD37 status in clinical outcomes. In conclusion, CD37 is a critical determinant of R-CHOP outcome in DLBCL especially in GCB-DLBCL, representing its importance for optimal rituximab action and sustained immune responses. The combined molecular and clinical prognostic indices, M-IPI-R and IPI+IHC, have remarkable predictive values in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL.
Blood—Biomaterial Interactions: An Overview (1982)

A wide number and great variety of clinically important cardiovascular implants and devises exist. Some (e.g., catheters) may only contact the blood once, and for a relatively short time; others (e.g., kidney dialyzers and blood oxygenators) may be exposed to blood for hours, while tissue implants (e.g., heart valves and vascular grafts) will hopefully last for years, or the lifetime of the patient. All of these implants and devices contain materials that are recognized by blood as foreign; the result is a process of thrombosis often followed by formation of thromboemboli. This process generally involves a sequence of protein adsorption steps followed by blood cell interactions (especially involving platelets). Three possible routes to the formation of blood thrombi may be delineated: (1) the "intrinsic" blood coagulation system involving a series or "cascade" of enzymatic activation steps presumed to begin with the surface activation of a glycoprotein, Factor XII (Hageman Factor),
Fluorocarbon Nanodrops as Acoustic Temperature Probes (2015)

This work investigated the use of superheated fluorocarbon nanodrops for ultrasound thermal imaging and the use of mixed fluorocarbons for tuning thermal and acoustic thresholds for vaporization. Droplets were fabricated by condensing phospholipid-coated microbubbles containing C3F8 and C4F10 mixed at various molar ratios. Vaporization temperatures first were measured in a closed system by optical transmission following either isothermal pressure release or isobaric heating. The vaporization temperature was found to depend linearly on the percentage of C4F10 in the droplet core, indicating excellent tunability under these fluorocarbon-saturated conditions. Vaporization temperatures were then measured in an open system using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, where it was found that the mixed droplets behaved like pure C4F10 drops. Additionally, the critical mechanical index for vaporization was measured at the limits of therapeutic hyperthermia (37 and 60 °C), and again the mixed droplets were found to behave like pure C4F10 drops. These results suggested that C3F8 preferentially dissolves out of the droplet core in open systems, as shown by a simple mass transfer model of multicomponent droplet dissolution. Finally, proof-of-concept was shown that pure C4F10 nanodrops can be used as an acoustic temperature probe. Overall, these results not only demonstrate the potential of superheated fluorocarbon emulsions for sonothermetry but also point to the limits of tunability for fluorocarbon mixtures owing to preferential release of the more soluble species to the atmosphere.
Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for the expression of critical photoreceptor genes (2007)

HDAC activity is required for the expression of critical pro-rod transcription factors and the development of rod photoreceptor cells.
Query oriented subspace shifting for near-duplicate image detection (2008)

Near-duplicate image detection is a critical task in copyright protection. More challenging than the common similarity search, this task requires not only the retrieval of the top similar images but also the detection of the entire near-duplicates collection from the Internet. The common similarity search algorithms are not capable to undertake the latter demand. This paper proposes the query oriented subspace shifting algorithm. The algorithm measures the similarity in various subspaces, which are dynamically generated based on the correlation between samples and the query image. An adaptive threshold is generated automatically to filter the near-duplicates in each subspace. As these subspaces are query oriented, the near-duplicates are less likely to be missed. Experiments shows that this method can effectively improve the detection recall while keeps the similar precision, comparing with the common similarity search algorithm.
Selective placement of bronchial suction catheters in intubated neonates. (1983)

Flexible suction catheters were passed through the endotracheal tubes of infants undergoing mechanical ventilation, just before chest radiographic examination for clinical purposes. With the head straight, 7 of 10 straight catheters entered the right main bronchus but with the head turned, 17 of 20 straight catheters and 19 of 20 curved tip catheters entered the contralateral bronchus.
Microvessel density is a prognostic indicator for patients with astroglial brain tumors (1996)

These findings support the importance of microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of postoperative survival of patients with astroglial brain tumors. Regional tumor heterogeneity may limit the use of these techniques for routine pathologic examination.
Improved Rate for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte using a Pt(111) Surface Modified with Melamine (2021)

The feasible commercialization of alkaline, phosphoric acid and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells depends on the development of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with improved activity, stability, and selectivity. The rational design of surfaces to ensure these improved ORR catalytic requirements relies on the so-called "descriptors" (e.g., the role of covalent and noncovalent interactions on platinum surface active sites for ORR). Here, we demonstrate that through the molecular adsorption of melamine onto the Pt(111) surface [Pt(111)-M<sub>ad</sub>], the activity can be improved by a factor of 20 compared to bare Pt(111) for the ORR in a strongly adsorbing sulfuric acid solution. The M<sub>ad</sub> moieties act as "surface-blocking bodies," selectively hindering the adsorption of (bi)sulfate anions (well-known poisoning spectator of the Pt(111) active sites) while the ORR is unhindered. This modified surface is further demonstrated to exhibit improved chemical stability relative to Pt(111) patterned with cyanide species (CN<sub>ad</sub>), previously shown by our group to have a similar ORR activity increase compared to bare Pt(111) in a sulfuric acid electrolyte, with Pt(111)-M<sub>ad</sub> retaining a greater than ninefold higher ORR activity relative to bare Pt(111) after extensive potential cycling as compared to a greater than threefold higher activity retained on a CN<sub>ad</sub>-covered Pt(111) surface. We suggest that the higher stability of the Pt(111)-M<sub>ad</sub> interface stems from melamine's ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which effectively turns the melamine molecules into larger macromolecular entities with multiple anchoring sites and thus more difficult to remove.