gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on Quality of Life in Brazilian Subjects (2009)

Adresa za dopisivanje Prof. Renata Cimoes Zavod za protetiku i oralnu te facijalnu kirurgiju Federalnog sveucilista u Pernambucu Rua Guedes Pereira 114/302, Casa Amarela, Recife-PE, Brazil. 52060-150. Telefon/telefax: (55) 81 33047292 renata.cimoes@globo.com Sažetak Svrha: Istraživanja utjecaja oralnog zdravlja na kvalitetu života koriste se mnogim indeksima kvalitete života. Zadatak ove analize bio je procijeniti vezu parodontitisa i kvalitete života na uzorku pacijenata s parodontitisom. Materijal i nacini: Ukupno 302 pacijenta s blagim, umjerenim i teskim parodontitisom odgovorilo je na pitanja u upitniku kojim su se ispitivale sociolosko-ekonomske varijable (dob, spol, skolovanje, bracno stanje te prihod) te na upitnik OHQoL-UK-a (United Kingdom Oral Health-Related Quality of Life). Cilj je bio procijeniti utjecaj parodontitisa na kvalitetu života. Rezultati: Parodontitis ima velik utjecaj na kvalitetu života, sa statisticki znatnim razlikama kad je rijec o jedenju, izgledu, opcem zdravlju, osmijehu te sociolosko-ekonomskom statusu. Vrijednosti OHQoL-UK-a pokazale su povezanost sa spolom i prihodom kucanstva (p<0,05). Statisticki velika povezanost bila je između stupnja parodontitisa i vrijednosti OHQoL-UK-a (p<0,05), no niže vrijednosti kvalitete života bile su cesce kod pojedinaca s težim oblicima kronicnog parodontitisa. Zakljucak: Ovo istraživanje o utjecaju parodontitisa na kvalitetu života otkrilo je da su negativni aspekti cesci kod pojedinaca s teskim kronicnim parodontitisom, sto upucuje na samopercepciju pacijenata kad je rijec o zdravlju parodontalnih tkiva. Kljucne rijeci oralno zdravlje; kvaliteta života; parodontalne bolesti; parodontitis. 1 Poslijediplomski student Federalnog sveucilista u Pernambucu, Brazil Post graduate student, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. 2 Zavod za oralnu medicinu Sveucilista u Pernambucu, Brazil Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pernambuco, Brazil. 3 Zavod za protetiku i oralnu te facijalnu kirurgiju Federalnog sveucilista u Pernambucu, Brazil Department of Prosthesis and Oral and Facial Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
RELEASE OF TRAPPED MARKER FROM LIPOSOMES BY THE ACTION OF PURIFIED COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS (1969)

Liposomes containing trapped glucose marker were prepared from the chloroform-soluble fraction of sheep erythrocyte membranes. These liposomes release glucose when incubated with rabbit anti-sheep erythrocyte serum and a source of complement. Experiments with purified human complement components show that loss of marker is absolutely dependent on the presence of components 2 and 8. An absolute requirement for component 9 cannot be demonstrated, although it stimulates glucose release from the liposomes. These results establish a parallelism between the response of biological membranes and liposomal membranes to antibody and complement.
Mouse and Drosophila genes encoding the major heat shock protein (hsp70) are highly conserved. (1983)

We used a cloned Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 gene to hybrid-select heat shock-induced mouse mRNA and showed that this mRNA encodes the major mouse heat shock protein. This result suggests that the sequence of the hsp70 gene(s) is highly conserved.
Analyzing and defending against web-based malware (2013)

Web-based malware is a growing threat to today's Internet security. Attacks of this type are prevalent and lead to serious security consequences. Millions of malicious URLs are used as distribution channels to propagate malware all over the Web. After being infected, victim systems fall in the control of attackers, who can utilize them for various cyber crimes such as stealing credentials, spamming, and distributed denial-of-service attacks. Moreover, it has been observed that traditional security technologies such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems have only limited capability to mitigate this new problem. In this article, we survey the state-of-the-art research regarding the analysis of—and defense against—Web-based malware attacks. First, we study the attack model, the root cause, and the vulnerabilities that enable these attacks. Second, we analyze the status quo of the Web-based malware problem. Third, three categories of defense mechanisms are discussed in detail: (1) building honeypots with virtual machines or signature-based detection system to discover existing threats; (2) using code analysis and testing techniques to identify the vulnerabilities of Web applications; and (3) constructing reputation-based blacklists or smart sandbox systems to protect end-users from attacks. We show that these three categories of approaches form an extensive solution space to the Web-based malware problem. Finally, we compare the surveyed approaches and discuss possible future research directions.
Bistable [<i>c</i>2] Daisy Chain Rotaxanes as Reversible Muscle-like Actuators in Mechanically Active Gels (2017)

The implementation of molecular machines in polymer science is of high interest to transfer mechanical motions from nanoscale to macroscale in order to access new kinds of active devices and materials. Toward this objective, thermodynamic and topological aspects need to be explored for reaching efficient systems capable of producing a useful work. In this paper we describe the branched polymerization of pH-sensitive bistable [c2] daisy chain rotaxanes by using copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("click chemistry"). With this cross-linked topology, the corresponding materials in the form of chemical gels can be contracted and expanded over a large variation of volume (∼50%) by changing the protonation state of the system. HR-MAS <sup>1</sup>H NMR and neutron scattering experiments reveal that this macroscopic response of the gels results from the synchronized actuation of the mechanical bonds at the molecular level.
Improving performance of continuous current mode boost converters for power factor correction (2002)

The efficiency of continuous current mode (CCM) boost converters for power factor correction (PFC) can be significantly improved and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be reduced by alleviating the rectifier reverse recovery problems. This paper proposes a way to alleviate these problems using a coupled winding of the boost inductor to shift the original rectifier current to a new branch and then control the rectifier current turn-off rate utilizing the leakage inductor in the new branch. Methods of applying the same concept to other CCM DC/DC converters are also identified. Design issues are addressed and design procedures are developed. Applying the proposed concept to a 500 W CCM PFC boost converter prototype for universal line application generates 2% efficiency improvement.
Depression and coronary heart disease: A review for cardiologists (1997)

Major depression is a common comorbid condition in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Although mild emotional distress may be a normal reaction to myocardial infarction or other manifestations of CHD, major depression should not be considered a normal reaction, nor should it be ignored. Major depression is a debilitating comorbid disorder that can seriously complicate recovery and increase the risks of further cardiac morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, it is one that can be successfully treated in the majority of cases. The purpose of this review is to present the evidence for the negative prognostic effects of depression in cardiac patients and to discuss methods for assessing and treating depression in these patients.
High efficiency CsI(Tl)/HgI/sub 2/ gamma ray spectrometers (1995)

CsI(Tl)/HgI/sub 2/ gamma-ray spectrometers have been constructed using 0.5" diameter detectors which show excellent energy resolution: 4.58% FWHM for 662 keV /sup 137/Cs gamma-ray photons. Further efforts have been focused on optimization of larger size (/spl ges/1" diameter) detector structures and improvement of low noise electronics. In order to take full advantage of scintillation detectors for high energy gamma-rays, larger scintillators are always preferred for their higher detection efficiencies. However the larger capacitance and higher dark current caused by the larger size of the detector could result in a higher FWHM resolution. Also, the increased probability of including nonuniformities in larger pieces of crystals makes it more difficult to obtain the high resolutions one obtains from small detectors. Thus for very large volume scintillators, it may necessary to employ a photodiode (PD) with a sensitive area smaller than the cross-section of the scintillator. Monte Carlo simulations of the light collection. For various tapered scintillator/PD configuration were performed in order to find those geometries which resulted in the best light collection. According to the simulation results, scintillators with the most favorable geometry, the conical frustum, have been fabricated and evaluated. The response of a large conical frustum (top 2" bottom-1" 2" high) CsI(Tl) scintillator coupled with a 1" HgI/sub 2/ PD was measured. The energy resolution of the 662 keV peak was 5.57%. The spectrum shows much higher detection efficiency than those from smaller scintillators, i.e., much higher peak-to-Compton ratio in the spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging can distinguish remodeling mechanisms after acute myocardial infarction based on the severity of ischemic insult (2013)

The type and extent of myocardial infarction encountered clinically is primarily determined by the severity of the initial ischemic insult. The purpose of the study was to differentiate longitudinal fluctuations in remodeling mechanisms in porcine myocardium following different ischemic insult durations. Animals ( N = 8) were subjected to coronary balloon occlusion for either 90 or 45 min, followed by reperfusion. Imaging was performed on a 3 T MRI scanner between day‐2 and week‐6 postinfarction with edema quantified by T2, hemorrhage by T2*, vasodilatory function by blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent T2 alterations and infarction/microvascular obstruction by contrast‐enhanced imaging. The 90‐min model produced large transmural infarcts with hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction, while the 45 min produced small nontransmural and nonhemorrhagic infarction. In the 90‐min group, elevation of end‐diastolic‐volume, reduced cardiac function, persistence of edema, and prolonged vasodilatory dysfunction were all indicative of adverse remodeling; in contrast, the 45‐min group showed no signs of adverse remodeling. The 45‐ and 90‐min porcine models seem to be ideal for representing the low‐ and high‐risk patient groups, respectively, commonly encountered in the clinic. Such in vivo characterization will be a key in predicting functional recovery and may potentially allow evaluation of novel therapies targeted to alleviate ischemic injury and prevent microvascular obstruction/hemorrhage. Magn Reson Med, 70:1095–1105, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rekombinante Antikörper: Werkzeuge gegen Krebs, Infektionen und Autoimmunerkrankungen? (2004)

Abstract In den vergangenen Jahren stieg sowohl das wissenschaftliche als auch das kommerzielle Interesse an rekombinanten Antikörpern vor allem aufgrund des einfachen Weges zur Gewinnung komplett humaner IgGs. Innovative Selektionsmethoden wie das “phage display” ermöglichen heute sogar die Isolierung von humanen Antikörpern gegen giftige oder stark pathogene Antigene, wie sie unser eigenes Immunsystem nicht hervorzubringen vermag. Der Einsatz der Gentechnik ermöglicht die Herstellung kleiner Immunglobulinfragmente, welche die notwendige Information eines Antikörpers zur Antigenbindung auf ein Minimum reduzieren. Diese Fragmente können dann zu multivalenten, hochaffinen Molekülen mit optimierten pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften aufgebaut werden, was ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Forschung, Diagnostik und Therapie gegenüber herkömmlichen Immunglobulinen stark erweitert.
解读德国《演出集会场所模板规范》（续二） (2010)

（接上期） 第4节（§4） 屋顶 1屋顶支承结构，如果构成了演出集会场所的高层空间隔离或尚未由耐火建筑构件与该空间隔离开，则必须是耐火的。位于露天的看台以及演出区域上方的屋顶支承结构必须至少由耐火或不可燃的建筑材料构建。（条例1不适用于设有自动灭火装置的演出集会场所。）
Controlling the Drying and Film Formation Processes of Polymer Solution Droplets with Addition of Small Amount of Surfactants (2009)

We studied how the addition of surfactants alters the drying and film formation processes of polymer solution droplets with contact lines strongly fixed by bank structures. We found that even if the amount of surfactant is quite small, it drastically changes the final profile of the polymer film from a ringlike profile to a flat profile. This property is observed commonly, irrespective of the polymer concentration, droplet volume, and type of solvent. We conjecture that the inhomogeneous distribution of the surfactant caused by the outward capillary flow induces the Marangoni flow directed toward the center of the droplet, which suppresses the outward flow. The present phenomenon implies an effective method for controlling the profile of the polymer film in inkjet printing technologies.
Oxygenation of Aromatic Vinyl Ethers. A Noticeable Formation of Epoxides and Reaction Mechanism (1981)

Abstract cis-β-Alkoxystyrenes such as cis-β-methoxy-, cis-β-ethoxy-, and cis-β-isopropoxystyrene were autoxidized as neat at room temperature in the dark even in the absence of any radical generator. UV-irradiation and the use of a radical generator facilitated the oxygenation of these olefins. These oxidations afforded the corresponding epoxides or their derivatives in considerable yields as well as carbonyl compounds resulting from oxidative cleavage of the double bonds. The mechanisms for these oxidations are proposed to involve free-radical chain pathways and charge-transfer complexes between the olefins and oxygen which play an important role in the initiation steps.
Galectins as Danger Signals in Host–Pathogen and Host–Tumor Interactions: New Members of the Growing Group of “Alarmins”? (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Innate Immunity and Disruption of Host Integrity Biochemistry and Cell Biology Aspects of Galectin Export of Galectins from the Cytosol to the Extracellular Space—Connection to Alarmins? Galectins in Host–Microbes Interactions Modulation of Activation and Recruitment of Innate Immune Cells Regulatory Roles of Galectins in Immune Responses Galectins in the Regulation of Host–Tumor Interactions Conclusions: Seeing Strangers or Announcing Danger? Acknowledgments References
Production Effects of Fluid Loss in Fracturing High-Permeability Formations (1995)

ABSTRACT When fracturing zones having high permeability there is concern of damage to the matrix due to deeply penetrating fluid leakoff along the fracture and/or due to materials in the fluid that minimize the amount of leakoff. Materials used to minimize leakoff also have the potential to damage the proppant pack conductivity. Previous tests have shown that high shear rates at the tip of the fracture may prevent the formation of external filter cakes, increasing the magnitude of spurt losses in highly permeable formations. This paper provides laboratory data on materials used to control spurt loss of linear gels [HEC], viscoelastic surfactant fluid and crosslinked borate-guars in formations having up to 500 md permeability. The depth of penetration into the matrix and magnitude of the permeability reduction to the matrix and proppant conductivity is shown. This data is then used in a finite fracture conductivity production simulator that includes simulation of fracture face damage. Simulations are made for various fluid-loss additives controlling leakoff with different fracturing fluids over a range of formation permeabilities as well as other reservoir conditions and production modes. The simulations show the production effects of limiting the fluid loss penetration at the expense of permeability reduction in the formation and the propped fracture.
Effect of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on Acid Demineralization of Enamel and Dentin (2001)

The results of this study suggested that melted smear layer and underlying enamel or dentin degenerated thermally by the heat treatment of Nd:YAG laser might play a major role to enhance resistance to artificial caries-like formation.
Reflection waveform inversion using local descent methods: Estimating attenuation and velocity over a gas-sand deposit (2000)

Abstract Prestack seismic reflection data contain amplitudes, traveltimes, and moveout information; waveform inversion of such data has the potential to estimate attenuation levels, reflector depths and geometry, and background velocities. However, when inverting reflection data, strong nonlinearities can cause reflectors to be incorrectly imaged and can prevent background velocities from being updated. To successfully recover background velocities, previous authors have resorted to nonlinear, global search inversion techniques. We propose a two-step inversion procedure using local descent methods in which we perform alternate inversions for the reflectors and the background velocities. For our reflector inversion we exploit the efficiency of the back-propagation method when inverting for a large parameter set. For our background velocity inversion we use Newton inverse methods. During the background velocity inversions it is crucial to adaptively depth-stretch the model to preserve the vertical traveltimes. This reduces nonlinearity by largely decoupling the effects of the background velocities and reflectors on the data. Nonlinearity is further reduced by choosing to invert for slownesses and by inverting for a sparse parameter set which is partially defined using geological reflector picks. Applying our approach to shallow seismic data from the North Sea collected over a gas-sand deposit, we demonstrate that the proposed method is able to estimate both the geometry and internal velocity of a significant velocity structure not present in the initial model. Over successive iterations, the use of adaptive depth stretching corrects the pull-down of the base of the gas sand. Vertical background velocity gradients are also resolved. For an insignificant extra cost the acoustic attenuation parameter Q is included in the inversion scheme. The final attenuation tomogram contains realistic values of Q for the expected lithologies and for the effect of partial fluid saturation associated with a shallow bright spot. The attenuation image may also indicate the presence of fracturing.
Hourglass-ShapeNetwork Based Semantic Segmentation for High Resolution Aerial Imagery (2017)

A new convolution neural network (CNN) architecture for semantic segmentation of high resolution aerial imagery is proposed in this paper. The proposed architecture follows an hourglass-shaped network (HSN) design being structured into encoding and decoding stages. By taking advantage of recent advances in CNN designs, we use the composed inception module to replace common convolutional layers, providing the network with multi-scale receptive areas with rich context. Additionally, in order to reduce spatial ambiguities in the up-sampling stage, skip connections with residual units are also employed to feed forward encoding-stage information directly to the decoder. Moreover, overlap inference is employed to alleviate boundary effects occurring when high resolution images are inferred from small-sized patches. Finally, we also propose a post-processing method based on weighted belief propagation to visually enhance the classification results. Extensive experiments based on the Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets demonstrate that the proposed architectures outperform three reference state-of-the-art network designs both numerically and visually.
Localization of Mast Cells in Endometrial Cysts (2004)

Mast cells may be involved in the development and progression of endometriosis. Localization of mast cells suggests a particularly close relationship with fibrosis and adhesion.
[Differential response of developing human fetal lung explants to hyperoxia and the effects of dexamethasone on hyperoxia-exposed lungs]. (2006)

The exposure of pseudoglandular lungs to hyperoxia modulates the lung architecture to resemble saccular lungs with higher epithelium proliferation index. Dexamethasone may inhibit the effects induced by hyperoxia.
Development and testing of invasion-associated DNA probes for detection of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (1988)

Genetic determinants of the invasive phenotype of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), two common agents of bacillary dysentery, are encoded on large (180- to 210 kilobase), nonconjugative plasmids. Several plasmid-encoded antigens have been implicated as important bacterial ligands that mediate the attachment and invasion of colonic epithelial cells by the bacteria. Selected invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes have recently been cloned from Shigella flexneri serotype 5 into the lambda gt11 expression vector. Portions of three ipa genes (ipaB, ipaC, and ipaD) were tested as DNA probes for diagnostic detection of bacillary dysentery. Under stringent DNA hybridization conditions, all three DNA sequences hybridized to a single 4.6-kilobase HindIII fragment of the invasion plasmids of representative virulent Shigella spp. and EIEC strains. No hybridization was detected in isogenic, noninvasive Shigella mutants which had lost the invasion plasmid or had deleted the ipa gene region. Furthermore, these probes did not react with over 300 other enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacteria tested, including Salmonella, Yersinia, Edwardsiella, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Rickettsia, and Citrobacter spp. and various pathogenic E. coli strains. The use of unique invasion-essential gene segments as probes for the specific detection of invasive dysentery organisms should benefit both epidemiologic and diagnostic analyses of Shigella spp. and EIEC.