gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of HNF-1  mutations on a PNA zip-code microarray by single base extension (2005)

In the present study, we exploited the superior features of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to develop an efficient PNA zip-code microarray for the detection of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha) mutations that cause type 3 maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). A multi-epoxy linker compound was synthesized and used to achieve an efficient covalent linking of amine-modified PNA to an aminated glass surface. PCR was performed to amplify the genomic regions containing the mutation sites. The PCR products were then employed as templates in a subsequent multiplex single base extension reaction using chimeric primers with 3' complementarity to the specific mutation site and 5' complementarity to the respective PNA zip-code sequence on the microarray. The primers were extended by a single base at each corresponding mutation site in the presence of biotin-labeled ddNTPs, and the products were hybridized to the PNA microarray. Compared to the corresponding DNA, the PNA zip-code sequence showed a much higher duplex specificity for the complementary DNA sequence. The PNA zip-code microarray was finally stained with streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin to generate a fluorescent signal. Using this strategy, we were able to correctly diagnose several mutation sites in exon 2 of HNF-1alpha with a wild-type and mutant samples including a MODY3 patient. This work represents one of the few successful applications of PNA in DNA chip technology.
Phototoxic and Insecticidal Activities of Chromenes and Benzofurans from Encelia (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhototoxic and Insecticidal Activities of Chromenes and Benzofurans from EnceliaPeter Proksch, Margareta Proksch, G. H. N. Towers, and Eloy RodriguezCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 3, 331–334Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50027a006https://doi.org/10.1021/np50027a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2002)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is developed for the determination of the pharmacologically active terpenoids Ginkgolide A, B, and C and bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract (GBE). The extracts are dissolved in methanol-water (1:4) and extracted by ethyl acetate after evaporation of the organic solvent, the residue is dissolved in methanol, and the terpenoids in the resultant solution are determined by means of HPLC on a C 1 8 column with methanol-water (23:77) as an eluent. The recovery provided by the method is above 96.5%, and the minimum concentration that can be determined is 80 μg of terpenoid per gram of GBE. The method is suitable for GBE production process control.
Fracturing Fluid Comprised of Components Sourced Solely from the Food Industry Provides Superior Proppant Transport (2011)

Abstract The industry is seeing significant pressure from regulatory bodies concerning the chemicals that comprise typical fracturing fluids. It has long been the belief of the industry that to obtain the best performance of a fracturing fluid, it is necessary to use certain chemicals in fracturing-fluid formulations. However, this paper clearly illustrates that a fluid comprised solely of components sourced from the food industry can excel in maintaining proppant-transport performance. This paper focuses on the proppant transport of a fracturing fluid that is comprised solely of components sourced from the food industry and approved for direct addition to foods as governed by the Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 (CRF 21). The proppant-transport capabilities of this fluid are compared to a borate-crosslinked galactomannan, a viscoelastic-surfactant (VES) fluid, and a linear-gelled system. The results illustrate that proppant-transport performance does not need to be sacrificed when using a fluid system comprised of components sourced from the food industry. The ability to carry proppant into the fracture is one of the most fundamental attributes necessary for a successful fracturing fluid. This paper provides an evaluation of four types of fluids currently used as gelled fracturing fluids, employing five different methods to measure their ability to transport and support proppant. The methods used in the evaluation include traditional steady-shear viscosity, small-amplitude oscillation rheology, flow-through-a-slot model, a slurry viscometer, and static settling results. The results show clearly that the testing methods and protocols do not necessarily agree on the best performance of a fluid system; a comprehensive examination of the limitations and benefits of each are examined. Some of the gels tested showed good proppant support under static conditions, while others showed good transport under flow conditions. The crosslinked gel that was sourced solely from the food industry showed a dramatic difference in that it was able to support proppant under static- and dynamic-shear conditions, leading to superior proppant-transport performance using the five test methods.
Pravastatin Use and Risk of Coronary Events and Cerebral Infarction in Japanese Men with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia : The Kyushu Lipid Intervention Study (2000)

The Kyushu Lipid Intervention Study (KLIS) aimed to investigate the effects of pravastatin in the primary prevention of coronary events and cerebral infarction in Japanese men aged 45-74 years with serum total cholesterol of > or = 220 mg/dl (5.69 mmol/l). The coronary events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery surgery and angioplasty, cardiac death, and sudden death. A total of 5,640 patients were recruited, and 3,061 and 2,579 were allocated to the pravastatin (10-20 mg/day) and conventional treatment, respectively. They were followed up for 5 years on average. Due to unsuccessful randomization, a protocol-based analysis was carried out with adjustment for coronary risk factors at baseline using the Cox proportional hazards model. For several reasons (serum total cholesterol of > or = 300 mg/dl, use of drugs excluded in protocol, etc.), 2,219 men in the pravastain group and 1,634 in the conventional treatment group were used in the analysis. The baseline total cholesterol levels were 254 mg/dl in the pravastain group and 243 mg/dl in the conventional treatment group. Serum total cholesterol levels fell by 15% in the pravastain group and by 8% with the conventional treatment group. Adjusted relative risks for pravastatin versus conventional treatment were: coronary events 0.86 (one-side p=0.23), cerebral infarction 0.78 (p=0.13), and the two outcomes combined 0.81 (p=0.08). These findings add to evidence that pravastatin use is beneficial in the prevention of coronary events and cerebral infarction in hypercholesterolemic Japanese patients, and suggest that pravastatin may be more protective against cerebral infarction.
Homocysteine and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke (2002)

This meta-analysis of observational studies suggests that elevated homocysteine is at most a modest independent predictor of IHD and stroke risk in healthy populations. Studies of the impact on disease risk of genetic variants that affect blood homocysteine concentrations will help determine whether homocysteine is causally related to vascular disease, as may large randomized trials of the effects on IHD and stroke of vitamin supplementation to lower blood homocysteine concentrations.
Planar MEMS Supercapacitor using Carbon Nanotube Forests (2009)

Planar micro supercapacitors utilizing vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests with the design of interdigital electrodes have been demonstrated. Conductive substrates using Mo/Al/Fe metal stack shows best CNT forest synthesis results with high electrical conductivity and dense CNT structures. Prototype devices show measured specific capacitances about 1000 times higher than those with plain metal electrodes without CNT forests. Furthermore, charging/discharging experiments show over 92% efficiency and very robust cycling stability. As such, we believe these planar MEMS supercapacitors could be applicable in various systems including energy harvesters, pulse-power supplies and advanced microelectronics as on-chip capacitors.
Capacity and Eddy Current Effects in Inductometers (1920)

A theoretical investigation has been made upon the effects of self and intercapacities and of eddy-current losses in mutual inductances for which the coils have a common point. The following are the main conclusions arrived at.
Robust speed control of rolling mill drive systems using the loop transfer recovery design methodology (2002)

The authors describe the control problems associated with rolling mill drive systems and propose a robust speed controller for the suppression of the torsional vibrations. The undesirable mechanical vibrations inherent in a rolling mill drive system impose severe limitations on the dynamic performance of the speed control loop. Plant parameter variations uncertain dynamics, and load torque disturbances are among the major factors which must be addressed to guarantee the system stability and the high-performance operation of the system. To solve these problems, a robust speed controller based on a state feedback control structure is developed. The control law is derived using the loop transfer recovery design methodology, where plant and disturbance uncertainties are incorporated in the design to achieve a robust speed control loop. The design steps of the state controller and the state observer are described, and the constraints imposed on the system are discussed. Analysis and simulation results of the total speed drive system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimization of current leads for superconducting systems (1977)

An optimized current lead in the context of this paper is one cooled by many baffles which intercept heat at fixed refrigerated stages. The helium boil-off-gas from the lead does not cool the leads but is totally utilized via heat exchangers in the refrigeration cycle. Discrete cooling without gaseous heat exchange has the advantage of eliminating the possibility of voltage breakdown in gas near the input leads. A method is presented to optimize a baffle system of fixed temperature shields to intercept heat conducted into a dewar through and generated by the current lead. The refrigeration power required for 1,2,3...n shields is compared with that required for an infinite number of shields, which is the absolute minimum power, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_{\min}</tex> , and is given by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_{\min} = 2I\sqrt{T_{H}} \int\min{T_{C}}\max{T_{H}}\sqrt{\frac{\rho k (T_{H}-T)}{T^{3}}}dT</tex> , where T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> and T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</inf> are the cold and hot-end temperatures, ρ is the resistivity, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> is the thermal conductivity and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> is the transport current. The value <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_{\min}/I</tex> depends on ρ and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> of the material and end point temperatures. Also given is the lead optimization procedure for the case of a load current which is constantly changing with time in some prescribed way. Similar optimization of gas cooled leads with respect to minimizing refrigeration power is given.
Paramagnetic Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles as Advanced <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> MRI Contrast Agent: Account for Large Longitudinal Relaxivity, Optimal Particle Diameter, and <i>In Vivo</i> <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> MR Images (2009)

Paramagnetic ultrasmall gadolinium oxide (Gd(2)O(3)) nanoparticles with particle diameters (d) of approximately 1 nm were synthesized by using three kinds of Gd(III) ion precursors and by refluxing each of them in tripropylene glycol under an O(2) flow. A large longitudinal relaxivity (r(1)) of water proton of 9.9 s(-1) mM(-1) was estimated. As a result, high contrast in vivo T(1) MR images of the brain tumor of a rat were observed. This large r(1) is discussed in terms of the huge surface to volume ratio (S/V) of the ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles coupled with the cooperative induction of surface Gd(III) ions for the longitudinal relaxation of a water proton. It is found from the d dependence of r(1) that the optimal range of d for the maximal r(1), which may be used as an advanced T(1) MRI contrast agent, is 1-2.5 nm.
Silver nanowires – unique templates for functional nanostructures (2010)

This feature article reviews the synthesis and application of silver nanowires with the focus on a polyol process that is capable of producing high quality silver nanowires with high yield. The as-synthesized silver nanowires can be used as both physical templates for the synthesis of metal/dielectric core/shell nanowires and chemical templates for the synthesis of metal nanotubes as well as semiconductor nanowires. Typical examples including Ag/SiO(2) coaxial nanocables, single- and multiple-walled nanotubes made of Au-Ag alloy, AgCl nanowires and AgCl/Au core/shell nanowires are discussed in detail to illustrate the versatility of nanostructures derived from silver nanowire templates. Novel properties associated with these one-dimensional nanostructures are also briefly discussed to shed the light on their potential applications in electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and medicine.
NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE PARALLEL MIX-GENERATOR GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS (2018)

In this paper, we propose a mix-generator generative adversarial networks (PGAN) model that works in parallel by mixing multiple disjoint generators to approximate a complex real distribution. In our model, we propose an adjustment component that collects all the generated data points from the generators, learns the boundary between each pair of generators, and provides error to separate the support of each of the generated distributions. To overcome the instability in a multiplayer game, a shrinkage adjustment component method is introduced to gradually reduce the boundary between generators during the training procedure. To address the linearly growing training time problem in a multiple generators model, we propose a method to train the generators in parallel. This means that our work can be scaled up to large parallel computation frameworks. We present an efficient loss function for the discriminator, an effective adjustment component, and a suitable generator. We also show how to introduce the decay factor to stabilize the training procedure. We have performed extensive experiments on synthetic datasets, MNIST, and CIFAR-10. These experiments reveal that the error provided by the adjustment component could successfully separate the generated distributions and each of the generators can stably learn a part of the real distribution even if only a few modes are contained in the real distribution.
<title>Advances in liquid crystal spatial light modulators</title> (2002)

Recent advances in our high-speed analog liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) will be presented. These advancements include higher pixel density, smaller pixel pitch, greatly improved optical efficiency, and higher speed operation. The new VLSI SLMs can utilize ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) or nematic liquid crystal (NLC) to achieve phase-only, amplitude-only and phase-amplitude-coupled modulation. These devices have applications in optical processing, optical storage, holographic display and beamsteering. Design criteria and experimental data will be presented.
Efficient matrix multiplication methods to implement a near-optimum channel shortening method for discrete multitone transceivers (2002)

The minimum intersymbol interference (min-ISI) method yields time-domain equalizer (TEQ) designs for discrete multitone (DMT) modulation transceivers that are close to channel capacity. For eight standard ADSL channels, the min-ISI design method reaches within 1% of the matched filter bound at the TEQ output. However, the min-ISI method relies several computationally expensive matrix multiplications. We develop low-complexity algorithms for these multiplications to allow for real-time implementation of the min-ISI method on programmable digital signal processors.
Kinetics of action of pepsin on fluorescent peptide substrates. (1975)

Oligopeptide substrates of porcine pepsin (E) of the type A-Phe-Phe-B (S) that are cleaved solely at the Phe-Phe bond under the conditions of these studies, and bearing an amino-terminal fluorescent probe group (mansyl or dansyl), have been used for stopped-flow measurements of the rate of formation of the A-Phe product. These experiments were conducted under conditions of [E] greater than [S], and the kinetic data were compared with those obtained under conditions of [S] greater than [E] for the formation of the Phe-B product (the same in all cases). The results for substrates with A = mansyl-Gly, mansyl-Gly-Gly, and dansyl-Gly-Gly support the conclusion that the rate-limiting step in the over-all catalytic process is associated with the scission of the Phe-Phe bond in the first detectables ES complex. Although the rate of this step varies widely with the nature of the A portion of A-Phe-Phe-B, the magnitude of the dissociation constant of ES is relatively invariant. This supports the view that, in the cleavage of oligopeptide substrates by pepsin, secondary enzyme--substrate interactions may cause conformational changes at the catalytic site, and that a portion of the total binding energy may be used for the attainment of the transition state in the bond-breaking step. With substrates that are hydrolyzed extremely rapidly (A = dansyl-Gly-Ala, dansyl-Ala-Ala), the rate of formation of the A-Phe product appears to be faster than the steady-state rate, suggesting that an additional step has become kinetically significant in the over-all process. This step may be associated with the return of the conformation of the active site to its original state.
In vitro antioxidant studies of Sphaeranthus indicus (Linn). (2006)

The free radical scavenging potential of the plant S. indicus was studied by using different antioxidant models of screening. The ethanolic extract at 1000 microg/ml showed maximum scavenging of the radical cation, 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) observed upto 41.99% followed by the scavenging of the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) (33.27%), superoxide dismutase (25.14%) and nitric oxide radical (22.36%) at the same concentration. However, the extract showed only moderate scavenging activity of iron chelation (14.2%). Total antioxidant capacity of the extract was found to be 160.85 nmol/g ascorbic acid. The results justify the therapeutic applications of the plant in the indigenous system of medicine, augmenting its therapeutic value.
Optimal channel detection for nonbinary coded partial response channels (2009)

We derive a recursive algorithm to compute the joint maximum a posteriori probabilities of p consecutive bits on partial response channels. This channel detector is optimal for nonbinary soft-iterative decoding with multiple channel iterations. It is validated on a nonbinary low-density parity-check coded perpendicular magnetic recording channel.
CYCLOADDITION OF THERMOLYTICALLY GENERATED METHOXYMETHYLSILYLENE TO α,β-UΝSATURATED KETONES AND IMINES (1998)

Article CYCLOADDITION OF THERMOLYTICALLY GENERATED METHOXYMETHYLSILYLENE TO α,β-UΝSATURATED KETONES AND IMINES was published on February 1, 1998 in the journal Main Group Metal Chemistry (volume 21, issue 2).
The nature of copper in thin films of copper iodide grown by laser-assisted molecular beam deposition: comparative ESCA and EDXS studies (1994)

Thin molecular films of copper iodide have been grown by direct chemical reaction within a molecular beam using laser-assisted molecular beam deposition. Molecular iodine vapour entrained in a helium carrier gas stream was supersonically expanded into the laser-ablated plasma plume of vaporized copper, producing copper iodide. Films of this material were grown on substrates situated in the path of this molecular beam. The oxidation state of copper and the chemical composition of these films were studied by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and, the results were compared with those of a high-purity Cul powder. The binding energy of the Cu 2p3/2 photoelectron line and the kinetic energy of the X-ray-induced Cu L3M4.5M4.5 Auger line are determined to be the same for both samples. The surface morphology and extent of surface inhomogeneities in copper iodide films were found to be largely dependent on the fluence of the incident laser and the expansion conditions. Secondary electron images of these films indicate clustering of copper iodide on the surface of the films during film growth. The copper in these films is found to be in the Cu+ ionization state.