gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Acetoin Catabolic Pathway Is Controlled by Sigma L in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2001)

Bacillus subtilis grown in media containing amino acids or glucose secretes acetate, pyruvate, and large quantities of acetoin into the growth medium. Acetoin can be reused by the bacteria during stationary phase when other carbon sources have been depleted. The acoABCL operon encodes the E1alpha, E1beta, E2, and E3 subunits of the acetoin dehydrogenase complex in B. subtilis. Expression of this operon is induced by acetoin and repressed by glucose in the growth medium. The acoR gene is located downstream from the acoABCL operon and encodes a positive regulator which stimulates the transcription of the operon. The product of acoR has similarities to transcriptional activators of sigma 54-dependent promoters. The four genes of the operon are transcribed from a -12, -24 promoter, and transcription is abolished in acoR and sigL mutants. Deletion analysis showed that DNA sequences more than 85 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site are necessary for full induction of the operon. These upstream activating sequences are probably the targets of AcoR. Analysis of an acoR'-'lacZ strain of B. subtilis showed that the expression of acoR is not induced by acetoin and is repressed by the presence of glucose in the growth medium. Transcription of acoR is also negatively controlled by CcpA, a global regulator of carbon catabolite repression. A specific interaction of CcpA in the upstream region of acoR was demonstrated by DNase I footprinting experiments, suggesting that repression of transcription of acoR is mediated by the binding of CcpA to the promoter region of acoR.
Inhibition of productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection by cobalamins (1995)

Various cobalamins act as important enzyme cofactors and modulate cellular function. We investigated cobalamins for their abilities to modify productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection of hematopoietic cells in vitro. We show that hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl), methylcobalamin (Me-Cbl), and adenosylcobalamin Ado-Cbl (Ado-Cbl) inhibit HIV-1 infection of normal human blood monocytes and lymphocytes. The inhibitory effects were noted when analyzing the monocytotropic strains HIV-1-BaL and HIV-1-ADA as well as the lymphocytotropic strain HIV-1-LAI. Cobalamins did not modify binding of gp120 to CD4 or block early steps in viral life cycle, inhibit reverse transcriptase, inhibit induction of HIV-1 expression from cells with established or latent infection, or modify monocyte interferon-alpha production. Because of the ability to achieve high blood and tissue levels of cobalamins in vivo and the general lack of toxicity, cobalamins should be considered as potentially useful agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Facile Proton Transport in Ammonium Borosulfate—An Unhumidified Solid Acid Polyelectrolyte for Intermediate Temperatures (2020)

High proton conductivity is reported for unhumidified ammonium borosulfate, NH<sub>4</sub> [B(SO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ], a solid acid coordination polymer that contains 1D, hydrogen-bonded NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> ···<sup>1</sup> <sub>∞</sub> [B(SO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>4/2</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> chains. NH<sub>4</sub> [B(SO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ] is thermally stable to 320 °C and is amenable to sintering into monolithic, polycrystalline discs at 200 °C and about 300 MPa of uniaxial pressure. Impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal ionic conductivities for sintered ammonium borosulfate of 0.1 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C and up to 10 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at 180 °C in ambient air. No superprotonic transition is observed in the temperature range of 25-180 °C. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show these high conductivities are aided by free rotation of the NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> units and significant gyrational mobility of the SO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra, which, in turn, provide facile pathways for proton locomotion. High conductivities, a wide operational temperature window, and tolerance to both ambient and anhydrous conditions make NH<sub>4</sub> [B(SO<sub>4</sub> )]<sub>2</sub> an attractive candidate electrolyte for intermediate-temperature hydrogen fuel cells that may enable operation at temperatures as high as 300 °C without active humidification.
Isolation and structure elucidation of the 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate intermediate in the PABA enzymic pathway (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structure elucidation of the 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate intermediate in the PABA enzymic pathwayKaren S. Anderson, Warren M. Kati, Qi Zhuang Ye, Jun Liu, Christopher T. Walsh, Alan J. Benesi, and Kenneth A. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 3198–3200Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PAM50 breast cancer intrinsic subtypes and effect of gemcitabine in advanced breast cancer patients (2013)

A significantly improved and clinically important prolongation of survival was seen from the addition of gemcitabine to docetaxel in advanced basal-like breast cancer patients.
Fibromuscular dysplasia of the extracranial carotid arteries. Case reports. (1984)

Seven cases of fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid artery are presented. Six of these patients presented with transient or fixed neurological deficit and 1 with intracranial haemorrhage. The uncertainty about the natural history of this condition is highlighted, and guidelines to the management of symptomatic patients as well as the more controversial incidentally diagnosed asymptomatic patient are outlined. A novel form of intra-operative use of a Grunzig balloon dilatation catheter in the management of fibromuscular dysplasia is presented.
Specific adherence of Escherichia coli (strain RDEC-1) to membranous (M) cells of the Peyer's patch in Escherichia coli diarrhea in the rabbit. (1983)

The RDEC-1 strain Escherichia coli is an enteroadherent bacterium that produces diarrhea in the rabbit. A histopathologically similar disease has been described in humans. The RDEC-1 bacterium adheres to the epithelium of lymphoid follicles in rabbit ileal Peyer's patches by 4 h postinoculation, 3-4 d before its adherence to absorptive epithelium. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the RDEC-1 bacterium adheres to a specific cell type in the lymphoid follicle epithelium. RDEC-1 bacteria were given in a dose of 2 X 10(6) by the orogastric route to postweanling rabbits. The distal ileal Peyer's patch, taken from 5 control rabbits and 43 rabbits at intervals in the first 24 h postinoculation, was examined by routine and high-voltage electron microscopy. The RDEC-1 bacterium adhered specifically to M (membranous) rather than absorptive epithelial cells of the lymphoid follicle epithelium. Further understanding of how the bacterium attaches to M cells, which transport antigens to intraepithelial lymphocytes, could be useful in designing vaccines to protect mucosal surfaces.
Defect Chemistry and Proton Conductivity in Ba-based Perovskites (2005)

The site incorporation mechanism of M3+ dopants into A2+B4+O3 perovskites controls the overall defect chemistry and thus their transport properties. For charge balance reasons, incorporation onto the A2+ site would require the creation of negatively charged point defects, such as cation vacancies, whereas incorporation onto the B4+ site is accompanied by the generation of positively charged defects, typically oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancy content, in turn, is relevant to proton conducting oxides in which protons are introduced via the dissolution of hydroxyl ions at vacant oxygen sites.

This work proposes that, on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction studies, electron microscopy, chemical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, AC impedance spectroscopy, extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS) and atomistic simulation, that nominally B-site doped barium cerate can exhibit dopant partitioning partially as a consequence of barium evaporation at elevated temperatures. Such partitioning and the presence of significant dopant concentrations on the A-site negatively impact proton conductivity. As a consequence of the greater ability of larger cations to exist on the Ba site, the H2O adsorption and proton conductivities of large-cation doped barium cerates are lower than those of small-cation doped analogs.

A series of dopants, La, Nd, Sm, Gd and Yb are adopted in doped BaCeO3 with the composition BaCe0.85M0.15O3-[delta]. Yb doped BaCeO3 yields the highest proton conductivity among all the doped samples. Compositional non-stoichiometry, which is closely tied to sample processing, is studied in a BaxCe0.85M0.15O3[plus or minus delta] series. It is indicated that low temperature synthesis is beneficial to reduce barium evaporation at elevated temperatures and in turn increase the proton conductivity. The chemical stability of BaCeO3 is investigated and Zr is used to stabilize BaCeO3 in CO2-rich atmosphere effectively. This result helps to commercialize doped BaCeO3 as the electrolyte material for SOFCs.
Effect of Virtual Techniques in Data Storage Access (2010)

Expansion of IT applications creates serious needs for environments with huge storage. In storage systems, capacity and agility are two factors which face limitations. This article evaluates the role of different techniques with regard to the possible methods for accessing to the storage systems. We have prepared three different scenarios using direct, semi-virtual, and virtual attachment models. We have evaluated the proposed models with several workloads including OLTP database, data streaming, file server, Web server, etc. Results of evaluation with different criteria confirm that the virtual technique is a successful alternative for accessing to the storage systems especially in large capacity applications. This technique can therefore be an effective solution for expansion of storage area and reduction of access time. In this way, storage virtualization has the potential to provide high virtual capacity with good scalability as well as a better performance. Results of different evaluation and measurements demonstrate that the full virtual storage technique provides better performance and more agility as well as more effective utilization of the available resources.
Embedded thin film capacitors-theoretical limits (2002)

The large physical size of capacitors and/or excessive values of associated lead inductance are two major limitations in the development of novel packaging modules, with high packaging density, high performance and reliability along with low system cost. Embedded capacitor technology in thin film form offers a promising solution to these limitations. A design space with capacitance density and breakdown voltage as performance properties, with material dielectric constant and film thickness as parameters has been explored, focusing on tantalum pentoxide (Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/) as the dielectric material. An inherent tradeoff is established between breakdown voltage and capacitance density for thin film capacitors. The validity of the proposed design space is illustrated with thin films of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/, showing deviation from the "best can achieve" breakdown voltage for films thinner than 0.4 /spl mu/m and films thicker than 1 /spl mu/m.
CMOS RAM Cosmic-Ray-Induced-Error-Rate Analysis (1981)

The methodology and results are presented for a detailed analysis to predict the galactic cosmic ray induced bit-error rate in three commercially availale CMOS RAM types. A summary of cyclotron simulation data is provided and utilization of the experimental results in the Cosmic Ray Induced Error Rate (CRIER) model is described.
Beware of Pomegranates Bearing 40% Ellagic Acid (2006)

A recent profusion of pomegranate nutraceutical products, "standardized to 40% ellagic acid," has appeared in the marketplace. This Perspective reviews the chemical and functional studies of pomegranate as well as the virtues and dangers of ellagic acid, and concludes that synergy among the various pomegranate fractions and phytochemicals is the most important factor for assessing strength of pomegranate nutraceutical preparations, and not simply the concentration of ellagic acid. Ellagic acid concentration in final products is likely to have an optimal therapeutic range, which very likely is less than 40%. The wisdom of designing and engineering pomegranate nutraceutical products to maximize therapeutic or chemopreventive synergy is suggested, as opposed to preparations that are designed and engineered simply to maximize the concentration of a single phytochemical. The implications of this strategy may be generalized for the optimization of nutraceutical preparations from other medicinal plants as well.
Front-end electronics for high rate neutron counters: its performance and radiation hardness improvement (2005)

Radiation-resistant circuits focused on the radiation hardness process have been developed for many years to protect them from radiation damage. In general, radiation hardened transistors are very expensive and sometimes not easy to acquire. In this study, we designed front-end electronics for high rate neutron counters. An aim of our study was to improve their radiation hardness by using commercial fast bipolar transistors not specifically processed for radiation resistance. This circuit includes a preamplifier, a comparator, and a monostable multivibrator. The preamplifier circuit is a kind of current-sensitive configuration. The TTL pulse width of the multivibrator output is 40 ns. This short TTL pulse width makes it possible to count high rate neutrons of over 5 MHz. For radiation hardness improvement experiments, the transistors were categorized into two groups: general purpose and high speed transistors. After a 100 Mrad irradiation from a Co-60 gamma-ray source, the reduction of the current gain of the general purpose transistors (KN3904 and KN3906) was over 80% and for the fast transistors (KTC9018 and KTC2347) the current gain reduction was within 68%. The signal to noise ratio of the preamplifier output voltage was reduced by 66% for the general purpose transistor (KN3904) and within 36% for the high speed ones.
Efficient treatment of murine systemic infection with <i>Candida albicans</i> using amphotericin B incorporated in nanosize range particles (emulsomes) (2001)

The effects of emulsome nanosize range lipid particles containing amphotericin B (EAmB) were compared with the reference formulation containing deoxycholate (Fungizone; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Munich, Germany) and with the commercial amphotericin lipid complex preparation (AmBisome; Nexstar, San Dimas, CA, USA). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of Fungizone and EAmB were identical although killing of Candida albicans was delayed when EAmB was used. In a tissue culture model and in mice, the incorporation of AmB into emulsomes resulted in a considerable reduction of toxicity in comparison with Fungizone. For comparison of the in vivo effect of the preparations a mouse model of systemic infection with C. albicans was used. All preparations were able to reduce the fungal burden in the liver and kidneys in comparison with control animals treated with isotonic saline. AmBisome was more efficient in the reduction of the fungal burden of the liver than EAmB and Fungizone, even when applied in a similar dosage of 1 mg kg(-1). In the kidneys, EAmB and Fungizone was slightly more effective than AmBisome. Therefore, in our models, the incorporation of AmB into nanosize particles was able to reduce toxicity without loss of efficiency. EAmB may be considered a candidate preparation for the treatment of infections with C. albicans in humans.
Catalysis Chemistry of Dimethyl Ether Synthesis (2014)

Dimethyl ether (DME) is receiving great attention as a clean alternative fuel, owing to the increasing energy demand. Despite tremendous efforts, catalytic synthesis of DME via a high efficient route remains a great challenge. Catalyst design is at the heart of enhancing the catalytic efficiency of DME synthesis. In this paper, we pay close attention to recent advances on the evolution of catalysts for direct dehydration from methanol and for the tandem catalysis from synthesis gas (syngas). The progress in metal deposition mode, support modification, and reaction routes is encouraging in recent years. In addition, significant challenges and future research scope in DME synthesis are focused as well.
Defensing the malicious attacks of vehicular network in runtime verification perspective (2016)

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, which is frequently employed in today's automobiles, offers the communication standards between different Electronic Control Units (ECUs) on vehicular system[1]. However, this protocol does not consider some of the security issues like authentication and access control, which make CAN vulnerable to kinds of attacks[2]. This paper mainly focuses on some of the most common causes of attacks on vehicular network, and propose a Runtime Verification[3] (RV) based framework for defensing malicious attacks against CAN protocols. Especially the attacks launched form exposed interfaces of vehicular systems, such as Bluetooth, Telematics and On Board Diagnostic (OBD) port. Briefly, we adopt timed automaton to describe ECU behaviors and create security specifications to detect illegal behaviors on CAN bus. Then we develop a framework based on Copilot[4] to implement the detection at runtime. In addition, our implementation is also able to defense the malicious attack before it impacts the vehicular system.
Recycling of murein by Escherichia coli (1985)

The tripeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid [A2pm]), tetrapeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-A2pm-D-Ala), and dipeptide (A2pm-D-Ala) which are shed by Escherichia coli from the murein sacculus were found to be reused by the cells to synthesize murein. The tripeptide was used directly, without degradation, to form UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-Glu-A2pm. The tetrapeptide lost its carboxy-terminal D-Ala, apparently in the periplasm, before being used. The dipeptide was degraded to D-Ala and A2pm before uptake.
Synthesis of All-Aromatic Phthalazinone-Containing Polymers by a Novel N−C Coupling Reaction (1997)

High molecular weight poly(phthalazinone)s with high glass transition temperatures were prepared by a novel N−C coupling reaction. New bis(phthalazinone) monomers (5a−f), such as 7,7‘-oxobis[4-phenylphthalazin-1(2H)-one] (5c), were synthesized from the corresponding bis(phthalic anhydride)s (3a−f) in two steps. Other types of bis(phthalazinone) monomers (8, 9) were synthesized from phthalic anhydride and diphenyl sulfide or diphenyl ether. AB-type phthalazinone monomers (11a, 12−14) were also synthesized from phthalic anhydride. Poly(phthalazinone)s, having inherent viscosities of 0.3−0.4 dL/g, were prepared by the reaction of the bis(phthalazinone) monomers with an activated aryl halide such as bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone (22) in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of potassium carbonate. AB-type phthalazinone monomers do not form high molecular weight polymers because of premature precipitation during the polymerization reaction. One of the AB-type phthalazinone monomers, 4-[4-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)phenyl]phthalazin-1(2H)-one, was successfully copolymerized with 4,4‘-biphenol and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone to form high molecular weight polymers. The copolymers showed higher glass transition temperatures (Tgs) as the phthalazinone ratio increased. All phthalazinone homopolymers except the Bisphenol A phthalazinone polymers show Tgs around 300 °C by differential scanning calorimetry. The decomposition temperatures for 5% weight losses in air and in nitrogen measured by thermogravimetric analysis are in the range of 480−530 °C. Polymers from the Bisphenol A phthalazinone monomer are soluble in chlorinated solvents such as chloroform. Other polymers are soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. The soluble polymers can be cast into flexible films from solution.
Optoelectronic GaN-based field effect transistors (1995)

We describe optoelectronic effects in GaN/AlGaN Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors (HFETs) and Heterostructure Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistors (HIGFETs). GaN/AlGaN HFETs operate as visible blind photodetectors with responsivities as high as several thousand A/W for wavelengths from 200 to 365 nanometers. GaN/AlGaN HIGFETs exhibit light- sensitive long term current-voltage characteristic collapse after an application of a high drain- to-source bias. This collapse is removed by illumination with light with certain wavelengths. We suggest that this collapse is a consequence of hot electron trapping in the AlN barrier layer near the drain edge of the gate.
Graph Convolutional Networks for Road Networks (2019)

The application of machine learning techniques in the setting of road networks holds the potential to facilitate many important transportation applications. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are neural networks that are capable of leveraging the structure of a network. However, many implicit assumptions of GCNs do not apply to road networks. We introduce the Relational Fusion Network (RFN), a novel type of GCN designed specifically for road networks. In particular, we pro- pose methods that substantially outperform state-of-the-art GCNs on two machine learning tasks in road networks. Furthermore, we show that state-of-the-art GCNs fail to effectively leverage road network structure on these tasks.
Efficacy and safety of topical WBI‐1001 in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis: results from a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled, phase II trial (2011)

Topical WBI-1001 induces rapid and significant improvement in patients with plaque psoriasis.