gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization model for the delivery of interactive multimedia documents (2002)

The delivery of multimedia information over future public networks may require sophisticated control facilities. In order both to minimize segment delivery latencies and to maximize network utilization, the delivery control facility must preallocate and release network resources based on dynamic models of both the interactive multimedia document and the network topology. It is shown that, by expressing these models as labeled access graphs that incorporate the relevant statistics, the algorithm for optimized delivery can be specified by a small set of rules. An optimization mechanism that utilizes the algorithm is described, and how it should obtain its input parameters and how it should be executed are specified. The practical validity of the mechanism is discussed for a group of services which includes video-on-demand and interactive electronic magazines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A review on carbon nanotubes in an environmental protection and green engineering perspective (2010)

Recent developments in nanotechnologies have helped to benchmark carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as one of the most studied nanomaterials. By taking advantages of CNTs extraordinary physical, chemical and electronic properties, a wide variety of applications has been proposed in various engineering fields. In this short review, the contribution of CNTs is addressed in terms of sustainable environment and green technologies perspective, such as waste water treatment, air pollution monitoring, biotechnologies, renewable energy technologies, supercapacitors and green nanocomposites. Consideration of CNTs for large scale application from the aspect of cost and potential hazards are also discussed. Based on the literature studied, CNTs pose a great potential as a promising material for application in various environmental fields.
The nitric oxide pathway: potential implications for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. (1995)

The freely diffusible gaseous compound nitric oxide (NO) has recently been discovered to be an important cellular messenger in many organ systems throughout the body. The importance of NO as an intermediary in cell communication in the brain is highlighted by the fact that the excitatory amino acid glutamate, the most abundant central neurotransmitter, is an initiator of the reaction that forms NO. In this article, background information about the discovery of NO, its biochemistry, and a brief summary of some of its peripheral and central actions are given to provide a complete picture of this remarkable novel second messenger. We also discuss how an improved understanding of NO pathway may lead to the identification of novel medications for the treatment of a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including memory deficits, pain, drug addiction, seizures, bipolar disorder, psychosis, eating disorders, and the treatment of the sequelae of various brain injuries.
Effect of Blended Learning On Cost Accounting Academic Evaluation of Student in State University of Malang (2019)

Products to support blended learning called "Solutive Blended Learning" have been developed. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of blended learning using these products, on the learning outcomes of cost accounting for students at State University of Malang. Closed questionnaires were distributed to 32 students who were studying the calculation of manufacturing business production costs, using these products. The independent variables tested were website effectiveness in blended learning management, blended learning concepts, and use of blended learning. The dependent variable is academic evaluation. SPSS 22 is used to make statistical analysis, which uses Pearson correlation test. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of blended learning, using the products developed, and the results of academic evaluations.
Using Crash Data to Develop Simulator Scenarios for Assessing Novice Driver Performance (2012)

Teenage drivers are at their highest crash risk in their first 6 months or first 1,000 mi of driving. Driver training, adult-supervised practice driving, and other interventions are aimed at improving driving performance in novice drivers. Previous driver training programs have enumerated thousands of scenarios, with each scenario requiring one or more skills. Although there is general agreement about the broad set of skills needed to become a competent driver, there is no consensus set of scenarios and skills to assess whether novice drivers are likely to crash or to assess the effects of novice driver training programs on the likelihood of a crash. The authors propose that a much narrower, common set of scenarios can be used to focus on the high-risk crashes of young drivers. Until recently, it was not possible to identify the detailed set of scenarios that were specific to high-risk crashes. However, an integration of police crash reports from previous research, a number of critical simulator studies, and a nationally representative database of serious teen crashes (the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey) now make identification of these scenarios possible. In this paper, the authors propose this novel approach and discuss how to create a common set of simulated scenarios and skills to assess novice driver performance and the effects of training and interventions as they relate to high-risk crashes.
De Beers Near Colorless-to-Blue Experimental Gem-Quality Synthetic Diamonds (1993)

Examination offive small Boron-doped synthetic diamonds, grown by De Beers researchers for experimental purposes, reveals some diagnostic &atures not reported in previous studies of gemquality synthetic diamonds. The presence of internal growth sectors that are blue, yellow, or near colorless has produced faceup colors in three faceted stones that vary fiom near colorless to bluishgreenish gray to blue. Because they look so dzferent fiom previously reported De Beers synthetic diamonds, such faceted synthetics could go unrecognized without carebl gemological testing should they ever become commercially available.
Precast Concrete Blocks for High‐Velocity Flow Applications (1990)

Precast concrete blocks can be used as erosion protection to a surface subjected to high‐velocity water, for example a dam spillway. The paper describes model testing carried out on flat and wedge‐shaped blocks in a purpose‐designed facility at the University of Salford, where an open channel discharge intensity of 0.5 m 2 /s can be accelerated to a velocity of 7.5 m/s. The failure modes of tied and untied flat concrete blocks have been investigated under different laying and bedding conditions. The model results are compared to the findings from prototype studies. Results from experiments on wedge‐shaped blocks of a Soviet design are also presented and confirm the Russian experience that the wedge shape is inherently stable at large discharges, a block of 100‐m thickness being stable under a discharge intensity of 20 m 2 /s.
Statistical modeling of small-scale fading in directional radio channels (2002)

After a review of the known description of time-variant channels by means of system and correlation functions, a consistent extension of this description to directional time-variant channels is described. This extension allows a clear distinction between time- and space-variant effects in directional mobile radio channels. The major intention of the described directional extension however is the derivation of a statistical modeling approach for small-scale fading effects in time-variant wideband directional channels, which can be regarded as a consistent extension of the well established Rayleigh or Rice-fading approach for nondirectional time-variant narrowband channels. The approach, which is based on the time and aperture-variant transfer function, appears to be preferable to the frequently used statistical modeling of the time-variant angle-resolved impulse response for several reasons. The major advantage is that the approach can cope with the demand for a great number of superimposing components as the basis for statistical modeling. The correlation between adjacent values is proposed to be achieved by filtering with appropriate directional scattering functions. The description of the modeling approach, as done in the present paper, is intended to be general and universal; for the application on certain channel types statistical distribution functions and parameters to be used with the approach can readily be determined from appropriate measurements.
Inhibition by <i>p</i>-bromophenacyl bromide of microtubule assembly <i>in vitro</i> (1991)

Introduction Microtubules (MTs) play a central role in a variety of cellular phenomena including cell division, cell morphology and intracellular transport [ 11. Pharmacological studies of MT function and assembly involve the use of a range of MT poisons. Such agents can disrupt the control of MT dynamics either by stabilizing, e.g. taxol [2, 31, or destabilizing e.g. MTs [4-71, usually through direct interactions with either tubulin [ 3-61 or microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) [7]. Colchicine and some of its derivatives, podophyllotoxin and the benzimidazole compounds prevent MT assembly by binding directly to tubulin [ l , 4-71. Colchicine is the most studied MT poison and was instrumental in the early identification of tubulin as the major protein subunit of MT [8]. It is a tropolene derivative with a single binding site on the P-tubulin subunit. Podophyllotoxin interacts with the same binding site [9], unlike the Vinca alkaloids, which bind to another region of tubulin [ 101. Concentrations of colchicine lower than 1 0 ' ~ can cause mitotic arrest by blocking spindle formation. The disassembly by colchicine of interphase MT in cultured cells results in the collapse of vimentin filaments to form perinuclear aggregates
B7-1 is superior to B7-2 costimulation in the induction and maintenance of T cell-mediated antileukemia immunity. Further evidence that B7-1 and B7-2 are functionally distinct (1996)

Although intact, viable tumor cells rarely induce a clinically significant immune response in vivo, immunogenicity can be elicited by irradiated tumor cells that protect against subsequent challenge with wild-type intact viable tumor cells. Genetic modification of murine tumor cells, by transfection of cDNAs encoding either cytokines, MHC molecules, or costimulatory molecules, has been capable of inducing antitumor immunity. We and others have previously demonstrated that expression of the B7-1 costimulatory molecule, in either immunogenic or nonimmunogenic tumors, can protect against subsequent challenge with wild-type tumor cells. In this work, using a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia, we demonstrate that the B7-1 costimulatory molecule is superior to the B7-2 molecule in its capacity to protect against wild-type tumor challenge and eradicate minimal residual disease. These results provide compelling evidence that the B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory signals are functionally distinct, thus resulting in clinically significant differences in the induction of antitumor immunity in vivo.
New agents for the treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2016)

Inadequate dosing and incomplete treatment regimens, coupled with the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to cause latent infections that are tolerant of currently used drugs, have fueled the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Treatment of MDR-TB infections is a major clinical challenge that has few viable or effective solutions; therefore patients face a poor prognosis and years of treatment. This review focuses on emerging drug classes that have the potential for treating MDR-TB and highlights their particular strengths as leads including their mode of action, in vivo efficacy, and key medicinal chemistry properties. Examples include the newly approved drugs bedaquiline and delaminid, and other agents in clinical and late preclinical development pipeline for the treatment of MDR-TB. Herein, we discuss the challenges to developing drugs to treat tuberculosis and how the field has adapted to these difficulties, with an emphasis on drug discovery approaches that might produce more effective agents and treatment regimens.
A noncoding RNA gene on chromosome 10p15.3 may function upstream of hTERT (2009)

These findings indicate that RGM249 might be a microRNA precursor gene involved in the differentiation and function upstream of hTERT.
Central administration of nicotine suppresses tracheobronchial cough in anesthetized cats (2014)

We tested the hypothesis that nicotine, which acts peripherally to promote coughing, might inhibit reflex cough at a central site. Nicotine was administered via the vertebral artery [intra-arterial (ia)] to the brain stem circulation and by microinjections into a restricted area of the caudal ventral respiratory column in 33 pentobarbital anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. The number of coughs induced by mechanical stimulation of the tracheobronchial airways; amplitudes of the diaphragm, abdominal muscle, and laryngeal muscles EMGs; and several temporal characteristics of cough were analyzed after administration of nicotine and compared with those during control and recovery period. (-)Nicotine (ia) reduced cough number, cough expiratory efforts, blood pressure, and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. (-)Nicotine did not alter temporal characteristics of the cough motor pattern. Pretreatment with mecamylamine prevented the effect of (-)nicotine on blood pressure and heart rate, but did not block the antitussive action of this drug. (+)Nicotine was less potent than (-)nicotine for inhibition of cough. Microinjections of (-)nicotine into the caudal ventral respiratory column produced similar inhibitory effects on cough as administration of this isomer by the ia route. Mecamylamine microinjected in the region just before nicotine did not significantly reduce the cough suppressant effect of nicotine. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors significantly modulate functions of brain stem and in particular caudal ventral respiratory column neurons involved in expression of the tracheobronchial cough reflex by a mecamylamine-insensitive mechanism.
Radiographic Contrast Improvement by Means of Slit Radiography (1975)

It is generally believed that properly constructed high ratio grids are very efficient in removing radiographic scatter. The authors show that grids inherently transmit substantial amounts of contrast-degrading scatter and suggest a better method of eliminating it. A system of moving paired slits produces radiographic images with higher contrast than do grids at the same tube voltage. The diagnostic implications are discussed.
A proposal for improvement in service-level security architecture of bluetooth (2004)

Bluetooth is a WPAN standard that is moderately secure but still has weaknesses in its security architecture, making it vulnerable to attacks by malicious intruders. With its ever-growing popularity as a standard technology in wireless personal networks, Bluetooth security has become an increasingly important aspect. In this paper, we propose an improvement in service-level security architecture of Bluetooth that prevent 'location attack' and 'sleep deprivation torture'.
Using Robotic Flying Nodes for Seabed Seismic Data (2016)

Summary Flying nodes, a type of self-propelled robotic node, provide an alternative to ROV placed and cabled deployed nodes for the acquisition of ocean bottom seismic (OBS) data. The prime motivation for the development of such a system is to increase the efficiency at which the sensors can be deployed and recovered from the seabed, therefore reducing the overall cost of acquiring ocean bottom seismic (OBS) data. This paper provides a brief description of the concept, looks at the benefits that using flying nodes could bring to the acquisition of OBS and some of the application areas for flying nodes. The paper then looks at the challenges of developing such a system and how technological developments in other fields are helping to solve some of these challenges.
Antigen detection <i>in vivo</i> after immunization with different presentation forms of rabies virus antigen: involvement of marginal metallophilic macrophages in the uptake of immune‐stimulating complexes (1995)

Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the relatively high immunogenicity of antigens presented in immune-stimulating complexes (iscom). Their potency can in part be explained by the specific targeting of these structures to cells presenting antigens to the immune system. However, until now no method for the subcellular detection of iscom in situ was available. In the present study, a novel, fast and simple method for the detection of iscoms in situ is demonstrated. By making use of the lipophilic fluorescent carbocyanine dyes, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), rabies virus antigen and iscom prepared with this antigen were visualized with fluorescence microscopy. The labeled antigen and iscoms were observed in macrophages of spleen and liver of mice within 1-2 h after intravenous administration. When administered intramuscularly or in the footpad, uptake in macrophages of draining lymph nodes could be demonstrated. In the spleen, labeled inactivated virus antigen localized preferentially in the marginal zone macrophages and to a lesser extent in the red pulp macrophages. In contrast, antigen presented in iscom was taken up mainly by the marginal metallophilic macrophages and to a much lesser extend by marginal zone macrophages or follicular-dendritic and -B cells. This method enables the detection of iscom and membrane viruses and allows the analysis of their relation to antigen-presenting cells in situ. Here, we demonstrate that iscom containing rabies virus antigen are taken up by a subset of macrophages in the spleen distinct from those that take up inactivated rabies virus antigen not presented in iscom, thereby possibly explaining the observed difference in immunogenicity of these antigen preparations. Furthermore, we show a lower efficiency on the induction of humoral and cellular responses after intravenous immunization for both types of antigen when compared with subcutaneous immunization.
Early lesions in cats inoculated with feline leukemia virus. (1973)

Summary Morphological alterations in the thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow were determined at 2-week intervals in 21 cats inoculated at birth with feline leukemia virus and in 19 age-matched control cats. Severe thymic atrophy was detected at 5 weeks of age. Thymic atrophy was due primarily to extensive depletion of cortical thymocytes while the medullary components of many thymic lobules persisted. Apparent stages in the development of lymphosarcoma from atrophic thymuses were detected in cats examined between 11 and 19 weeks of age. Lymphosarcoma was detected as early as 9 weeks in some cats, by examination of bone marrow biopsies.
A spectroellipsometric investigation of the effect of argon partial pressure on sputtered palladium films (1987)

The microstructure of palladium thin films prepared by dc planar magnetron sputtering at low deposition temperatures was investigated as a function of the argon partial pressure. The films were characterized by spectroellipsometry, electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Below a transition pressure Pt≂15 mTorr, the films consisted of densely packed grains, corresponding to the zone T region in Thornton’s structure zone model. Above this transition pressure the films developed into a more voided columnar structure, characteristic of a zone 1 region. A microstructural analysis of the spectroellipsometric data indicated a general trend to increased porosity and microroughness of the films with higher argon pressures. Furthermore, the effective medium theory of Sen, Scala, and Cohen (SSC), relevant for a random coated-particle microstructure where the grains are optically isolated from each other, was required to describe the films prepared with argon pressures above Pt. The zone 1 region was therefore best described optically as a random coated-particle microstructure where the microroughness and porosity varied with the argon pressure. Spectroellipsometry, which is sensitive to the film microstructure, was able to identify the zone T/zone 1 transition through the changes in the pseudodielectric function of the Pd films. Electron microscopy confirmed that for the thin films prepared at argon pressures higher than Pt, the grains became isolated by void boundaries, thus further supporting the random coated-particle basis of the SSC theory.
Generating higher order quantum dissipation from lower order parametric processes (2016)

Stabilization of quantum manifolds is at the heart of error-protected quantum information storage and manipulation. Nonlinear driven-dissipative processes achieve such stabilization in a hardware efficient manner. Josephson circuits with parametric pump drives implement these nonlinear interactions. In this article, we propose a scheme to engineer a four-photon drive and dissipation on a harmonic oscillator by cascading experimentally demonstrated two-photon processes. This would stabilize a four-dimensional degenerate manifold in a superconducting resonator. We analyze the performance of the scheme using numerical simulations of a realizable system with experimentally achievable parameters.
An FPGA-based face detector using neural network and a scalable floating point unit (2006)

Abstract: The study implemented an FPGA-based face detector using Neural Networks and a scalable Floating Point arithmetic Unit (FPU). The FPU provides dynamic range and reduces the bit of the arithmetic unit more than fixed point method does. These features led to reduction in the memory so that it is efficient for neural networks system with large size data bits. The arithmetic unit occupies 39~45 % of the total neural networks system area. Therefore bits reduction is needed not only for memory but also for a FPU and system size. Reduction from FPU 32 bits (IEEE 754 single precision) to 16 bits reduced the size of memory and arithmetic units by 50%, having only 1.25 % deterioration in the detection rate. In order to determine the least and acceptable bits of the FPU, we examined how representation errors affect a detection rate through the MRRE. The scalable FPU and the error analysis may be useful to determine the details, especially area and speed of FPU for the embedded neural network system.
The Pottery Trail From Southeast Asia to Remote Oceania (2013)

ABSTRACT A set of unique circumstances created a durable archaeological record of ancient human migration from Southeast Asia to Remote Oceania, useful as a global model of population dispersals. Finely made pottery with a very specific decorative signature is found in multiple locations in the Philippines and western Oceania, constituting a shared cultural trait that can be traced, both geographically and chronologically, to a specific homeland. Especially important for human migration models, this decorated pottery is linked to a system of cultural origin, so the spread as a diagnostic tradition can be related to the spread of a cultural group. Even more important, this decorated pottery appeared with the first peopling of the remote Pacific Islands, thus providing a clear and datable chronicle of where and when people spread from one location to another. The pottery trail points to a homeland in the Philippine Neolithic about 2000–1800 BC, followed by expansion into the remote Mariana Islands 1500 BC, and then slightly later into the Lapita world of Melanesia and Polynesia.