gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling remote access to personal electronic medical records (2003)

The Poket Doktor is a wireless personal healthcare system that can obtain accurate patient medical information in situations where it may not otherwise be available. The system is designed to provide a flexible, scalable method of storing and communicating critical electronic medical record information using personal handheld electronic devices. The first phase of development has succeeded in: designing the architecture for a wireless, power-efficient smart card to store and communicate medical information incorporating Bluetooth wireless technology with radiofrequency identification wakeup on the smart card to enable a fast wireless connection to a healthcare provider's device; and selecting a platform and creating application software for a handheld computing device used by healthcare providers. The Poket Doktor system assists medical personnel in obtaining accurate patient medical information in situations where it may not otherwise be available. In this manner, Poket Doktor technology will improve the quality of care delivered in emergency situations.
Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes and aggravates the inflammatory response in normal human synoviocytes (2014)

These data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction could induce an inflammatory response in normal human synoviocytes and sensitize these cells, causing a significant amplification of the inflammatory response induced by IL-1β. Resveratrol may represent a promising strategy in controlling the synovial inflammatory response.
$\ell _{p}$-MUSIC: Robust Direction-of-Arrival Estimator for Impulsive Noise Environments (2013)

A family of algorithms, named ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -MUSIC, for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in impulsive noise is proposed. The ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -MUSIC estimator adopts the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -norm (1 ≤ p 2) of the residual fitting error matrix as the objective function for subspace decomposition, rather than the Frobenius norm that is used in the conventional MUSIC method. Although the matrix ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -norm minimization based subspace decomposition will lead to a nonconvex optimization problem, two iterative algorithms are designed for achieving efficient solutions. The first algorithm is the iteratively reweighted singular value decomposition (IR-SVD), where the SVD of a reweighted data matrix is performed in each iteration. The second algorithm solves the nonconvex matrix ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -norm minimization by alternating convex optimization. Two complex-valued Newton's methods with optimal step size in each iteration are devised to solve the resulting convex problem. The convergence of the iterative procedure is also proved. Numerical results verify that the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -MUSIC methodology outperforms the standard MUSIC scheme and several existing outlier-resistant DOA estimation approaches in terms of resolution capability and estimation accuracy.
Hydrophobic Forces in the Foam Films Stabilized by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate:  Effect of Electrolyte (2004)

Further studies of the hydrophobic force in foam films were carried out, including the effect of added inorganic electrolyte. We used a thin film balance of Scheludko-Exerowa type to obtain the disjoining pressure isotherms of the foam films stabilized by 10(-4) M sodium dodecyl sulfate in varying concentrations of sodium chloride. The results were compared with the disjoining pressure isotherms predicted from the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, which considers contributions from hydrophobic force in addition to those from double layer and van der Waals dispersion forces. The double layer forces were calculated from the surface potentials (psi s) obtained using the Gibbs adsorption equation and corrected for the counterion binding effect, while the dispersion forces were calculated using the Hamaker constant (A232) of 3.7 x 10(-20) J. The hydrophobic forces were calculated from the equilibrium film thickness as described previously. The predicted disjoining pressure isotherms were in good agreement with the experimental ones. It was found that the hydrophobic force is dampened substantially by the added electrolyte.
Measuring the axial rotation of lumbar vertebrae in vivo with MR imaging. (2002)

Measurements of rotations of lumbar vertebrae with MR imaging may have value for determining levels that move abnormally in axial rotation.
Monitoring of mental workload levels (2010)

Mobile healthcare applications offer new opportunities to prevent long-term health damage due to increased mental workload by continuously monitoring physiological signs related to prolonged high workload and providing just-in-time feedback. In order to achieve a day-by-day quantification of mental load, first different load levels which occur during a workday have to be discriminated. This work goes one step towards this goal: we present our experiment design and preliminary results in discriminating different levels of mental workload based on heart rate features obtained from a mobile ECG system. Based on the subjective ratings of the participants under study, we show that all participants perceived the induced load levels as intended from the experiment design. The heart rate variability (HRV) features under investigation could be classified into two distinct groups. Features in the first group, representing markers associated with parasympathetic nervous activity, show a decrease in their values with increased workload. Features in the second group, representing markers associated with sympathetic nervous activity, show an increase of their values with increased workload. These results provide evidence that a mobile ECG system is suited to discriminate different levels of mental workload. This would enable the development of mobile applications to monitor mental workload levels and to prevent long-term damage by giving early warning signs in case of prolonged high workload.
The <i>N</i>-Cyclopropylimine-1-pyrroline Photorearrangement as a Synthetic Tool:  Scope and Limitations (2005)

The scope and limitations of the photorearrangement of N-cyclopropylimines to 1-pyrrolines are presented. The influence on the reactivity of different substituents throughout the cyclopropane ring and at the iminic position of the N-cyclopropylimine structure is discussed. The observed effects are interpreted from computational studies. The principal findings relate to (1) the enhanced reactivity of 1-substituted compounds toward rearrangement, (2) the lack of reactivity of crowded cyclopropanes, and (3) the high chemoselectivity of the process.
The Elementary Process of Bremsstrahlung (2004)

Abstract In this report we review the experimental and theoretical developments concerning the elementary process of electron bremsstrahlung. The term “elementary process” means that not only the emitted bremsstrahlung photons are considered but also the partinent decelerated electrons. Experimentally the elementary process is observed by detecting the photons in coincidence with outgoing electrons scattered into a particular direction. The results of such electron-photon coincidence experiments yield stringent tests for theoretical predictions of the fully differential cross section. Much deeper insight into the bremsstrahlung process is achieved by also taking into account polarization variables such as the spin orientation of the incoming electron or the polarization of the emitted photon. Thus conspicuous effects of the weak spin-orbit interaction can be observed which are usually masked in non-coincidence experiments. Bremsstrahlung is produced not only in the Coulomb field of an atomic nucleus but also in a collision between an incoming electron and an atomic electron which then is ejected. By using the electron-phonon coincidence technique it is possible to differentiate exactly between electron-electron bremsstrahlung and electron-nucleus bremsstrahlung. All coincidence experiments done for studying the elementary bremsstrahlung process have been performed in the energy region of a few hundred keV. In the MeV to GeV region the coincidence method is mainly used to test radiative corrections from quantum electrodynamics or to obtain “monochromatic” tagged photon beams for further applications.
Determination of the smoke-plume heights and their dynamics with ground-based scanning lidar (2015)

Lidar-data processing techniques are analyzed, which allow determining smoke-plume heights and their dynamics and can be helpful for the improvement of smoke dispersion and air quality models. The data processing algorithms considered in the paper are based on the analysis of two alternative characteristics related to the smoke dispersion process: the regularized intercept function, extracted directly from the recorded lidar signal, and the square-range corrected backscatter signal, obtained after determining and subtracting the constant offset in the recorded signal. The analysis is performed using experimental data of the scanning lidar obtained in the area of prescribed fires.
CloudMan as a platform for tool, data, and analysis distribution (2012)

With the enabled customization and sharing of instances, CloudMan can be used as a platform for collaboration. The presented solution improves accessibility of cloud resources, tools, and data to the level of an individual researcher and contributes toward reproducibility and transparency of research solutions.
Standardization and Phantom-based Performance Evaluation of Biophotonic Devices for Clinical Imaging (2015)

Well-validated test methods for characterization of biophotonic device performance can facilitate technological progress and clinical translation. Both novel phantom-based techniques and those adapted from established medical imaging modalities may find roles in standards under development.
The Interaction between Poverty and Gender in Human Capital Accumulation: the Case of the Primary Leaving Examination in Côte d'lvoire (1995)

Girls completing primary schooling in Côte d'lvoire are less likely to go to secondary schools because of inferior performance in the examination used to ration access. The gender gap in educational achievement varies with household economic status, with poverty inhibiting girls' performance more than boys'. Female students from poorer households spend less time in school than their male counterparts and allocate more time to housework. Reduced time in school has a negative effect on examination performance and hence time allocation explains much of the gender gap in educational achievement.
Prenatal stress causes alterations in the morphology of microglia and the inflammatory response of the hippocampus of adult female mice (2012)

These findings indicate that prenatal stress induces long-lasting modifications in the inflammatory status of the hippocampus of female mice under basal conditions and alters the immune response of the hippocampus to peripheral inflammation.
Variability driven gate sizing for binning yield optimization (2006)

Process variations result in a considerable spread in the frequency of the fabricated chips. In high performance applications, those chips that fail to meet the nominal frequency after fabrication are either discarded or sold at a loss which is typically proportional to the degree of timing violation. The latter is called binning. In this paper we present a gate sizing-based algorithm that optimally minimizes the binning yield-loss. We make the following contributions: 1) prove the binning yield function to be convex, 2) do not make any assumptions about the sources of variability, and their distribution model, 3) we integrate our strategy with statistical timing analysis tools (STA), without making any assumptions about how STA is done, 4) if the objective is to optimize the traditional yield (and not binning yield) our approach can still optimize the same to a very large extent. Comparison of our approach with sensitivity-based approaches under fabrication variability shows an improvement of on average 72% in the binning yield-loss with an area overhead of an average 6%, while achieving a 2.69 times speedup under a stringent timing constraint. Moreover we show that a worst-case deterministic approach fails to generate a solution for certain delay constraints. We also show that optimizing the binning yield-loss minimizes the traditional yield-loss with a 61% improvement from a sensitivity-based approach.
Coexpression in yeast of <i>Taxus</i> cytochrome P450 reductase with cytochrome P450 oxygenases involved in Taxol biosynthesis (2005)

To maximize redox coupling efficiency with recombinant cytochrome P450 hydroxylases from yew (Taxus) species installed in yeast for the production of the anticancer drug Taxol, a cDNA encoding NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase from T. cuspidata was isolated. This single-copy gene (2,154 bp encoding a protein of 717 amino acids) resembles more closely other reductases from gymnosperms (approximately 90% similarity) than those from angiosperms (<80% similarity). The recombinant reductase was characterized and compared to other reductases by heterologous expression in insect cells and was shown to support reconstituted taxoid 10beta-hydroxylase activity with an efficiency comparable to that of other plant-derived reductases. Coexpression in yeast of the reductase along with T. cuspidata taxoid 10beta-hydroxylase, which catalyzes an early step of taxoid biosynthesis, demonstrated significant enhancement of hydroxylase activity compared to that supported by the endogenous yeast reductase alone. Functional transgenic coupling of the Taxus reductase with a homologous cytochrome P450 taxoid hydroxylase represents an important initial step in reconstructing Taxol biosynthesis in a microbial host.
A novel approach for improving the efficacy of experimental cancer chemotherapy using combinations of anticancer drugs and L-histidinol. (1986)

One of the major limitations to the chemical management of human malignancies is the failure of most antineoplastic agents to act specifically against tumour cells. A novel approach for improving both the specificity and the efficacy of experimental cancer chemotherapy is described in this review. The approach is based upon the use of L-histidinol in combination with conventional anticancer drugs. L-Histidinol, a structural analogue of the essential amino acid L-histidine, is a reversible inhibitor of protein biosynthesis which evokes disparate responses from non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells in culture. Whereas L-histidinol protects a wide variety of phenotypically normal cells from anticancer drug toxicity, it enhances the vulnerability of tumorigenic cells to the same agents. More importantly, these remarkable properties of L-histidinol are retained in tumour-bearing animals. Thus, L-histidinol diminishes the myelocytoxicity otherwise associated with the in vivo use of agents such as cytosine arabinoside and 5-fluorouracil. Simultaneously, L-histidinol increases the inherent capacities of these two antimetabolites to eradicate in situ tumour cells. More recently, it has been found that L-histidinol can increase both the specificity and the efficacy of a number of other antineoplastic agents. For example, alkylating agents such as BCNU, cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum, as well as the antitumour antibiotic daunomycin, can be combined with L-histidinol to provide curative treatment for tumour-bearing animals under conditions where these drugs, on their own, have little or no impact on survival. These results demonstrate that the L-histidinol/anticancer drug combination approach to chemotherapy is effective with a variety of clinically-relevant antineoplastic agents. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether this approach will prove applicable in, or effective for, human cancer chemotherapy.
Efficient assembly of an HIV-1/MLV Gag-chimeric virus in murine cells (2001)

In human cells infected by HIV type 1 (HIV-1), the viral Gag protein directs the assembly of nascent viral particles at the plasma membrane. In murine cells, HIV-1 Gag fails to reach the plasma membrane and instead forms nonfunctional intracellular aggregates. The viral determinants of this species incompatibility are previously undefined. To address this problem, we replaced a region of HIV-1 Gag known to direct its localization, the matrix (MA) domain, with functionally homologous regions from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV), a murine retrovirus. An HIV-1 clone carrying such a chimeric Gag protein, designated murine HIV (MHIV), assembled more efficiently than nonchimeric HIV-1 and restored plasma membrane localization of Gag in murine cells. Increased efficiency of viral assembly in murine cells was observed from MHIV constructs carrying MLV MA in place of HIV-1 MA. Efficient processing of the HIV-1 capsid protein from the chimeric Gag polyprotein and subsequent infectivity of MHIV required the presence of MLV p12 in addition to MLV MA. These findings strongly suggest that the HIV-1 MA domain of HIV-1 Gag is responsible for the assembly defect in mouse cells. Although these MHIV do not recruit native HIV-1 Env efficiently, they are capable of single-round infection when produced by high-efficiency transfection of human 293 cells and provided with an HIV-1 Env lacking its cytoplasmic tail. With further adaptation, this chimeric MHIV approach may provide the basis for creating an infectious mouse model for HIV/AIDS.
"Eye" in Sport (1911)

<h3>Background:</h3> With the introduction of laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) along with the increasing efficacy of modern medical treatment, a direct comparison is warranted. The 3-year interim results of a randomised study comparing both the efficacy and safety of LARS and esomeprazole (ESO) are reported. <h3>Methods:</h3> LOTUS is an open, parallel-group multicentre, randomised and controlled trial conducted in dedicated centres in 11 European countries. LARS was completed according to a standardised protocol, comprising a total fundoplication and a crural repair. Medical treatment comprised ESO 20 mg once daily, which could be increased stepwise to 40 mg once daily and then 20 mg twice daily in the case of incomplete GORD control. The primary outcome variable was time to treatment failure (Kaplan–Meier analysis). Treatment failure was defined on the basis of symptomatic relapse requiring treatment beyond that stated in the protocol. <h3>Results:</h3> 554 patients were randomised, of whom 288 were allocated to LARS and 266 to ESO. The two study arms were well matched. The proportions of patients who remained in remission after 3 years were similar for the two therapies: 90% of surgical patients compared with 93% medically treated for the intention to treat population, p = 0.25 (90% vs 95% per protocol). No major unexpected postoperative complications were experienced and ESO was well tolerated. However, postfundoplication complaints remain a problem after LARS. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Over the first 3 years of this long-term study, both laparoscopic total fundoplication and continuous ESO treatment were similarly effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategies for providing effective control of GORD.
Signal approximation via data-adaptive normalized Gaussian functions and its applications for speech processing (1992)

A signal approximation via data-adaptive normalized Gaussian functions is presented. This approach resembles the traditional Gabor expansion, but it is more precise and efficient. Numerical simulations for the speech signal are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex PCR (1998)

Contamination of foods with pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella is a major concern worldwide and rapid, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for detection of these organisms. Since these pathogens can contaminate similar foods and other types of samples, a multiplex polymerase chain reduction (PCR) was designed to allow simultaneous detection of both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp directly from enrichment cultures. Samples of apple cider, beef carcass wash water, ground beef, and bovine feces were inoculated with both E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium at various bacterial levels. Following enrichment culturing for 20-24 h at 37C in modified EC broth or buffered peptone water both containing novobiocin, the samples were subjected to a DNA extraction technique or to immunomagnetic separation then tested by the multiplex PCR assay. Four pairs of primers were employed in the PCR: primers for amplification of E. coli O157:H7 eaeA, stx 1/2 and plasmid sequences and for amplification of a portion of the Salmonella invA gene. Four fragments of the expected sizes were amplified in a single reaction and visualized following agarose gel electrophoresis in all the samples inoculated with 1 CFU g -1 or ml -1 . Results can be obtained in approximately 30 h. The multiplex PCR is a potentially powerful technique for rapid and sensitive co-detection of both pathogens in foods and other types of samples.
Pushing frontiers in Carrier-Envelope Phase stabilization of ultrashort laser pulses (2015)

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der Verbesserung der Carrier-Envelope Phasenstabilisierung von ultrakurzen Laserimpulsen gewidmet. Zur Realisierung von Fortschritten auf diesem Gebiet werden die grundlegenden Rauschquellen identifiziert, die das erzielbare Restphasenrauschen limitieren, und geeignete Maßnahmen zu deren Verringerung vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, dass sowohl die Messung der Carrier-Envelope Phase (CEP) als auch deren Kontrolle durch verschiedene Rauschbeiträge beeinträchtigt wird. Der Detektionsprozess ist dabei einerseits durch technische Rauschquellen beeinflusst, die vor allem in den verwendeten nichtlinearen Interferometern auftreten. Andererseits repräsentiert das Detektionsrauschen während der elektro-optischen Wandlung eine fundamentale Limitierung, da das optische Schrotrauschen sowie das Rauschen des Lichtdetektors die Messung der CEP unausweichlich beeinträchtigen. Es wird demonstriert, wie solche Beschränkungen durch geeignete Wahl der Interferometertopologie, bzw. durch Optimierung des spektralen Verbreiterungsmechanismus verringert werden können. Experimentell gelingt es dadurch den Signal-Rauschabstand der Phasenmessung um 20 Dezibel zu steigern. Hinsichtlich der CEP Kontrolle von Oszillatoren wird in dieser Arbeit ein neuartiges Doppelstabilisierungskonzept vorgestellt, welches eine feed-forward Stabilisierung, die auf einem akustooptischen Frequenzschieber beruht, mit einer klassischen Feedback Regelung kombinert. Mit diesem Konzept gelingt eine Reduzierung des Phasenrestrauschen auf beispiellose 20 Milliradian. Darüber hinaus werden weitere neue Stabilisierungskonzepte vorgestellt, die ohne Feedback zu dem Laseroszillator auskommen. Bei einem dieser Konzepte, handelt es sich um eine gepulste feed-forward Stabilisierung, die speziell für das Zusammenwirken mit einer Verstärkerstufe konzipiert ist. Erste experimentelle Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Phasenrestrauschen von weniger als 100 Milliradian auch für Verstärkersysteme erreichbar sind.