gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Kinetics of the Work Capacity Above Critical Power (2014)

The critical power (CP) model includes two constants: the CP and the Wâ² [P = Wâ² / t) + CP]. The Wâ² is the finite work capacity available above CP. Power output above CP results in depletion of the Wâ²; complete depletion of the Wâ² results in exhaustion. It is possible to model the charge and discharge of the Wâ² during intermittent exercise using a novel integrating model (the Wâ²BAL model), and to generate a function describing a curvilinear relationship between time constants of reconstitution of the Wâ² in terms of the difference between recovery power and CP (DCP) (r2 = 0.77). The depletion of the Wâ² as predicted by the Wâ²BAL model during intermittent exercise is linearly related to the rise in V ÌO_2 above exercise baseline (r2 = 0.82 â 0.96). \n\nDuring intermittent exercise, the Wâ²BAL model is generally robust with respect to the length of work and recovery interval, yielding a mean under-prediction of the Wâ²BAL of only -1.6 Â±1.1 kJ. The amount of Wâ² remaining after a period of intermittent exercise correlates with the difference between the subjectâs V ÌO_2 at that time (V ÌO_2START) and V ÌO_2PEAK (DVO2) (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). Moreover, the Wâ²BAL model also performs well in the field, permitting accurate estimation of the point at which an athlete becomes exhausted during hard training or competition (mean Wâ²BAL at exhaustion = 0.5 Â± 1.3 kJ (95% CI = 0 â 0.9 kJ). The Wâ²BAL model meets the mathematical criteria of an excellent diagnostic test for exhaustion (area under ROC curve = 0.91).\n\n31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during single leg extensor exercise revealed a correlation between the recovery of the Wâ²BAL model and recovery of creatine phosphate ([PCr]) after a bout of exhaustive single leg extensor exercise (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). The Wâ²BAL model also accurately predicted recovery of the Wâ² in this setting (r = 0.97, p < 0.05). However, a complete understanding of the relationship between the depletion and recovery of [PCr] and the depletion and recovery of the Wâ² remains elusive. Muscle carnosine content is curvilinearly related to the rate of Wâ²BAL recovery, with higher muscle carnosine associated with faster recovery, with implications for muscle buffering capacity and calcium handling.\n\nThe Wâ²BAL model may be recast in the form of a differential equation, permitting definition of the time constant of recovery of the Wâ²BAL in terms of the subjectâs known Wâ² and the DCP. This permits the scaling of the model to different muscle groups or exercise modalities. Moreover, modifications to this mathematical form may help explain some of the variability noted in the model in earlier studies, suggesting novel avenues of research. However, the present formulation of the Wâ²BAL model is mathematically robust and represents an important addition to the scientific armamentarium, which may aid the understanding the physiology of human performance.
Selling Electronic Media (1999)

"Selling is identifying and satisfying customer needs profitably. Profitable for you, profitable for them."Diane Sutter, President and CEO of Shooting Star Broadcasting , owner of KTAB-TV, Abilene, TexasThis is the definition of sales used throughout Ed Shane's comprehensive and timely textbook Selling Electronic Media. This new definition reflects the customer-orientation of today's marketing environment as well as the product-orientation of selling. Today's selling is a win/win proposition, a win for the seller and a win for the customer.Using interviews with industry leaders and reports of their selling experiences, Selling Electronic Media shares insight and practical advice in the basics of selling: · prospecting· qualifying· needs analysis· presentations· answering objections· closing· relationship management Focusing on the merging and converging of electronic media and the need for branding of media at all levels, this highly readable book offers complete coverage of advertising sales for radio, television and cable, plus the new and emerging mass communication technologies, primarily those generated by the Internet.Selling Electronic Media is enhanced with review highlights and discussion points and illustrated throughout with visuals used by media outlets to market commercials and their audience reach.Students pursuing sales and marketing careers in electronic media and professionals wishing to reinforce their understanding of the merging and converging media environment will find what they need in the pages of this book.
Reference values and physiological characterization of a specific isolated pig kidney perfusion model. (2007)

In the present study functional values for isolated kidneys with different perfusion settings were determined to assess organ perfusion quality. It can be summarized that the hemoperfused porcine kidney can serve as a biological model with acceptable approximation to in vivo renal physiology, also if the organs originate from usual slaughtering processes.
Effects of Silodosin and Tamsulosin on the Seminal Vesicle Contractile Response (2014)

The initial contractions triggered by neuronal excitations were suppressed by silodosin and tamsulosin, suggesting that the ejaculation dysfunction may be attributed to the α1A-AR antagonist-mediated suppression of nerve-evoked contractions in the seminal vesicle. The subsequent contractions may be induced by mechanical stimulation associated with the initial, nerve-evoked contractions. Alternatively, other transmitters may be involved to various degrees in the neuromuscular transmission of the seminal vesicle.
A slicing-based approach for locating type errors (2001)

The effectiveness of a type-checking tool strongly depends on the accuracy of the positional information that is associated with type errors. We present an approach where the location associated with an error message e is defined as a slice P e of the program P being type-checked. We show that this approach yields highly accurate positional information: P e is a program that contains precisely those program constructs in P that caused error e . Semantically, we have the interesting property that type-checking P e is guaranteed to produce the same error e . Our approach is completely language-independent and has been implemented for a significant subset of Pascal. We also report on experiments with object-oriented type systems, and with a subset of ML.
<i>muscleblind</i>, a gene required for photoreceptor differentiation in <i>Drosophila</i>, encodes novel nuclear Cys3His-type zinc-finger-containing proteins (1997)

ABSTRACT We have isolated the embryonic lethal gene muscleblind (mbl) as a suppressor of the sev-svp2 eye phenotype. Analysis of clones mutant for mbl during eye development shows that it is autonomously required for photoreceptor differentiation. Mutant cells are recruited into developing ommatidia and initiate neural differentiation, but they fail to properly differentiate as photoreceptors. Molecular analysis reveals that the mbl locus is large and complex, giving rise to multiple different proteins with common 5′ sequences but different carboxy termini. Mbl proteins are nuclear and share a Cys 3His zinc-finger motif which is also found in the TIS11/NUP475/TTP family of proteins and is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. Functional analysis of mbl, the observation that it also dominantly suppresses the sE-Jun Asp gain-of-function phenotype and the phenotypic similarity to mutants in the photoreceptor-specific glass gene suggest that mbl is a general factor required for photoreceptor differentiation.
The Work of the Economic Commission for Europe in the Field of International Commercial Arbitration (1958)

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Comparing cancer vs normal gene expression profiles identifies new disease entities and common transcriptional programs in AML patients (2013)

Gene expression profiling has been used extensively to characterize cancer, identify novel subtypes, and improve patient stratification. However, it has largely failed to identify transcriptional programs that differ between cancer and corresponding normal cells and has not been efficient in identifying expression changes fundamental to disease etiology. Here we present a method that facilitates the comparison of any cancer sample to its nearest normal cellular counterpart, using acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as a model. We first generated a gene expression-based landscape of the normal hematopoietic hierarchy, using expression profiles from normal stem/progenitor cells, and next mapped the AML patient samples to this landscape. This allowed us to identify the closest normal counterpart of individual AML samples and determine gene expression changes between cancer and normal. We find the cancer vs normal method (CvN method) to be superior to conventional methods in stratifying AML patients with aberrant karyotype and in identifying common aberrant transcriptional programs with potential importance for AML etiology. Moreover, the CvN method uncovered a novel poor-outcome subtype of normal-karyotype AML, which allowed for the generation of a highly prognostic survival signature. Collectively, our CvN method holds great potential as a tool for the analysis of gene expression profiles of cancer patients.
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and repair: the role of sterile inflammation and innate immunity (2011)

Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity because of overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the western world. Metabolic activation of APAP and protein adduct formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant stress, peroxynitrite formation and nuclear DNA fragmentation are critical intracellular events in hepatocytes. However, the early cell necrosis causes the release of a number of mediators such as high-mobility group box 1 protein, DNA fragments, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and others (collectively named damage-associated molecular patterns), which can be recognized by toll-like receptors on macrophages, and leads to their activation with cytokine and chemokine formation. Although pro-inflammatory mediators recruit inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes) into the liver, neither the infiltrating cells nor the activated resident macrophages cause any direct cytotoxicity. In contrast, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly promote intracellular injury mechanisms by inducing nitric oxide synthase or inhibit cell death mechanisms by the expression of acute-phase proteins (HSPs, heme oxygenase-1) and promote hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, the newly recruited macrophages (M2) and potentially neutrophils are involved in the removal of necrotic cell debris in preparation for tissue repair and resolution of the inflammatory response. Thus, as discussed in detail in this review, the preponderance of experimental evidence suggests that the extensive sterile inflammatory response during APAP hepatotoxicity is predominantly beneficial by limiting the formation and the impact of pro-inflammatory mediators and by promoting tissue repair.
Improving X-ray inspection of printed circuit boards by integration of neural network classifiers (1993)

For six sigma quality in printed circuit board (PCB)-production, X-ray inspection of solder joints is a powerful method to assure a high standard in fabrication. Neural network classifiers are able to adapt inspection tasks by presentation of typical training patterns. Neural networks are integrated into a X-ray inspection system both to increase defect recognition accuracy, as well as to minimize manual adjustments of the system. The experiments carried out on different surface mount technology (SMT) device types prove the capability of neural-network-based approaches to correctly segment objects (solder joints etc.), and to detect defects (solder voids etc.).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vision-based online-calibration of inertial gaze stabilization (2010)

Active gaze stabilization is of vital importance for the use of high resolution tele-cameras in autonomous vehicles. Small aperture angles together with large focal lengths cause high sensitivity to rotational vehicle motion induced e.g. by bumps or braking. Due to large latencies in image processing only gaze stabilization based on inertial sensors is fast enough to ensure stable images. As this is a feed-forward control, imperfections of the sensor or the stabilizing actuator may result in undesireable image motion. To further enhance image stabilization we propose a novel vision-based online-calibration of the inertial angular rate sensor of our camera platform. Thus we are able to incorporate visual feedback into the gaze stabilization, while keeping the high bandwith of the inertial sensor.
Cough Gastric Pressure and Maximum Expiratory Mouth Pressure in Humans (2003)

Maximal expiratory mouth pressure is a well established test that is used to assess expiratory muscle strength. However, low values are difficult to interpret, as they may result from technical difficulties in performing the test, particularly in patients with facial muscle weakness or bulbar dysfunction. We hypothesized that measuring the gastric pressure during a cough, a natural maneuver recruiting the expiratory muscles, might prove to be a useful additional test in the assessment of expiratory muscle function. Mouth expiratory and cough gastric pressures were measured in 99 healthy volunteers to obtain normal values and in 293 patients referred for respiratory muscle assessment to compare the two measurements. Between-occasion within-subject coefficient of variation, assessed in 24 healthy volunteers, was 10.3% for mouth pressure and 6.9% for cough. Mean +/- SD cough gastric pressure for normal males was 214.4 +/- 42.2 and 165.1 +/- 34.8 cm H2O for females. In 171 patients deemed weak by a low mouth expiratory pressure, 42% had a normal cough gastric pressure. In 105 patients deemed weak by a low cough gastric pressure, 5.7% had a normal expiratory mouth pressure. Low maximal expiratory mouth pressures do not always indicate expiratory muscle weakness. Cough gastric pressure provides a useful complementary test for the assessment of expiratory muscle strength.
DiI as a marker for cellular transplantation into solid organs. (1992)

Research in cellular transplantation is frequently compromised by an inability to identify transplanted cells engrafting into orthotopic sites if they exhibit normal morphology and no unique antigenic markers. A method is described for using the fluorescent dye DiI as a marker for cell transplantation studies. This dye is not metabolized or exchanged between cells in vitro or in vivo and enables identification of engrafted cells by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry or fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Applications are described in autologous hepatocellular and thyroid follicular cell transplantation.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Propionibacterium acnes (1981)

SUMMARY: Lipase from Propionibacterium acnes has been purified 4800-fold from crude culture supernatant. The purified enzyme preparation had no assayable protease, hyaluronate lyase or acid phosphatase activities. The molecular weight of the lipase was 46 770 as determined by gel filtration. Sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major protein component (mol. wt 41 190) together with two minor protein components (mol. wt 67 000 and 125 900). The lipase had a pH optimum of 68, was most stable in the pH range 5·0 to 6·0 and was completely inactivated after 30 min at 60 °C. The lipase hydrolysed trilaurin, triolein, trimyristin and tripalmitin at decreasing rates and did not exhibit phospholipase activity. Analysis of the reaction products from the hydrolysis of triolein by P. acnes lipase did not demonstrate an accumulation of 2-monoolein which suggested that the enzyme did not exhibit a positional specificity for the 1-position of the triacylglycerol. Crude lipase preparations contained an aggregated high molecular weight form of the enzyme which was eluted with the void volume from Sephadex G-200. This aggregated form was dissociated to produce the lower molecular weight lipase species by subsequent dialysis and elution from Sephadex G-200 using buffer with a higher ionic strength.
Supporting Real-Time Computer Vision Workloads Using OpenVX on Multicore+GPU Platforms (2015)

In the automotive industry, there is currently great interest in supporting driver-assist and autonomouscontrol features that utilize vision-based sensing through cameras. The usage of graphics processing units (GPUs) can potentially enable such features to be supported in a cost-effective way, within an acceptable size, weight, and power envelope. OpenVX is an emerging standard for supporting computer vision workloads. OpenVX uses a graph-based software architecture designed to enable efficient computation on heterogeneous platforms, including those that use accelerators like GPUs. Unfortunately, in settings where real-time constraints exist, the usage of OpenVX poses certain challenges. For example, pipelining is difficult to support and processing graphs may have cycles. In this paper, graph transformation techniques are presented that enable these issues to be circumvented. Additionally, a case-study evaluation is presented involving an OpenVX implementation in which these techniques are applied. This OpenVX implementation runs atop a previously developed GPU-management framework called GPUSync. In this case study, the usage of GPUSync's GPU management techniques along with the proposed graph transformations enabled computer vision workloads specified using OpenVX to be supported in a predictable way.
Isolation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding the Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase of Beta vulgaris (1994)

The H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) of plant vacuolar membranes catalyzes the electrogenic translocation of H+ from the cytosol to vacuole lumen and, in parallel with the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase located in the same membrane, establishes the inside-acid, inside-positive H(+)-electrochemical potential difference responsible for energizing the H(+)-coupled transport of solutes into the vacuole. The results of previous investigations suggest that the gene encoding the substrate-binding subunit of the V-PPase is present in a single copy in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (V. Sarafian, Y. Kim, R.J. Poole, P.A. Rea [1992] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 1775-1779), but it is not known whether the situation in Arabidopsis is typical of most vascular plants. With the objective of assessing the general applicability of this finding and acquiring sequence data for structure-function analyses of the enzyme from Beta vulgaris, we have sought to isolate cDNAs encoding the V-PPase from this organism by screening a Beta cDNA library constructed in lambda ZAP with the Arabidopsis cDNA insert (AVP) encoding the V-PPase. The results of these investigations demonstrate that at least two genes encode the V-PPase in Beta. Restriction and sequence analyses of the cDNAs from Beta reveal two classes, designated BVP1 and BVP2. BVP1 and BVP2 encode closely related but distinct polypeptides with computed masses of 80,550 and 80,000 D, respectively, exhibiting 88% identity with each other and 89% identity with the corresponding polypeptide from Arabidopsis. The nucleotide sequences of BVP1 and BVP2, on the other hand, are 70% identical within their coding regions but less than 28 and 53% identical within their respective 5' and 3' noncoding regions. Southern analyses of Beta genomic DNA confirm that two genes encode the V-PPase, and northern analyses of polyadenylated RNA isolated from a range of tissue types and probed with RNAs transcribed from the 3' noncoding sequences of BVP1 or BVP2 indicate that both genes are expressed in the intact plant. On the basis of these findings and the recent demonstration of then sufficiency of the substrate-binding polypeptide, alone, for all of the known catalytic functions of the V-PPase (E.J. Kim, R.-G. Zhen, P.A. Rea [1994] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA [91:6128-6132]), the two cDNA species isolated from Beta are concluded to encode variant, possibly isoforms, of the enzyme.
Cost effective data center servers (2013)

The exploding growth of digitalized information has led to the rapid growth of data centers, both in numbers and in size. Cluster has been the dominating system architecture used in most data centers. However, the increasingly diversified data center applications have requirements beyond what the cluster architecture can deliver. For instance, clouding computing requires flexible sharing of all data center resources. Big data applications often need large memory capacity. A few applications can use GPGPU effectively. Existing system might be extended to a certain degree to meet those needs. Those extensions however would often be prohibitively expensive. The paper presents our attempt to design a system using commodity products that can meet the varying needs of many emerging data center applications in a cost-effective way. Our attempt is to create a system by connecting multiple nodes through a PCIe switch and then extend the software stack to support resource sharing among these nodes. In particular, a node can directly use the memory, NIC, and GPGPU of other nodes through the PCIe switch with no or little involvement from other nodes. We build a prototype as our evaluation platform. Our evaluation results indicate that those resources can be shared effectively in many cases. For using remote memory as block device, our prototype system has 5 times bandwidth, 11 times IOPS and 1/12 latency compared with the system connected by 10GigE in average for Orion benchmark; Using remote GPGPU via PCIe switch achieves average 60 times speedup than the case without GPGPU, and the performance loss is also acceptable (its average execution time is 1/3 of local GPGPU) for micro-benchmarks from GPU computing SDK; And using remote NIC via PCIe switch achieves average 95% bandwidth and 1.4 times latency of local NIC in httperf testing. While our prototype system offers multiple benefits, it is not perfect and has a lot room for further optimization and extension. We hope the outcome presented in this paper will encourage more researchers to join us in designing highly efficient and cost-effective servers.
A March Test for Functional Faults in Semiconductor Random Access Memories (1981)

A test procedure requiring 14 N operations to detect functional faults in semiconductor random access memories (RAM's) is given. It is shown that the proposed test procedure detects modeled types of functional faults if only one type of fault is present in the RAM under test. The test procedure given belongs to a class of tests called march tests. It is proved that any march test requires at least 14 N operations to detect the modeled faults. Next, groups of different types of functional faults that can be simultaneously present in the RAM under test and yet be detected by the proposed test procedure or a given enhanced test procedure (requiring 16 N operations) are studied.