gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiols and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase:  Complex Formation, Competitive Inhibition, and Enzyme Stabilization (1997)

To elucidate how thiols affect neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) we studied the binding of thiols to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-free nNOS. Dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol, and L- and D-cysteine all bound to the heme with Kd values varying from 0.16 mM for DTT to 41 mM for L-cysteine. DTT, 2-mercaptoethanol, and L-cysteine yielded absorbance spectra with maxima at about 378 and 456 nm, indicative of bisthiolate complexes; the maximum at 426 nm with D-cysteine suggests binding of the neutral thiol. From the results with 2-mercaptoethanol we deduced that in 2-mercaptoethanol-free, BH4-free nNOS the sixth heme ligand is not a thiolate. DTT binding to nNOS containing one BH4 per dimer was biphasic. Apparently, the BH4-free subunit bound DTT with the same affinity as the BH4-free enzyme, whereas the BH4-containing subunit exhibited a > 100-fold lower affinity, indicative of competition between DTT and BH4 binding. Binding of DTT to the BH4-containing subunit was suppressed by L-arginine, whereas high-affinity binding was not affected, suggesting that L-arginine binds only to the BH4-containing subunit. DTT competitively inhibited L-citrulline production by nNOS containing one BH4 per dimer (Ki approximately 11 mM). Comparison of DTT binding and inhibition suggests that the heme of the BH4-free subunit is not involved in catalysis. Thermostability of nNOS was studied by preincubating the enzyme at various temperatures prior to activity determination. At nanomolar concentrations, nNOS was stable at 20 degrees C but rapidly deactivated at higher temperatures (t1/2 approximately 6 min at 37 degrees C). At micromolar concentrations, inactivation was 10 times slower. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements demonstrate that inactivation was not accompanied by major structural changes. The stabilization of nNOS by thiols was illustrated by the fact that omission of 2-mercaptoethanol during preincubation for 10 min at 30 degrees C led to an activity decrease of up to 90%.
Second Harmonic Generation in an AlGaAs Double-Heterostructure Laser (1987)

Second-harmonic radiation emanating from an AlGaAs transverse-mode-stabilized laser diode has been observed under continuous-wave operation at room temperature. The far-field beam width of the second-harmonic radiation has been found to be apprecialy narrower than that of the fundamental laser radiation.
Modulation Sensing of Fluorophores in Tissue: A New Approach to Drug Compliance Monitoring (1999)

We describe a method to detect the presence of fluorophores in scattering media, including intralipid suspensions and chicken muscle covered with skin. The fluorophores were rhodamine 800 (Rh800) and indocyanine green (IcG), both of which can be excited at long wavelengths where there is minimal absorption by tissues. These fluorophores were dissolved in intralipid or in chicken muscle under skin. A method to approximate the fluorophore concentration in such samples was developed using a long lifetime reference fluorophore in a polymer film placed immediately on the illuminated surface of the sample. Because of the long lifetime of the reference film, the modulation of its emission at low frequencies near 2 MHz is near zero. Since the lifetime of Rh800 and IcG are below 2 ns the modulation of the combined emission is a measure of the intensity of the fluorophore (Rh800 or IcG) relative to the long lifetime reference. Using this method we were able to measure the concentration-dependent intensities of Rh800 and IcG in an intralipid suspension. Additionally, micromolar concentrations of these probes could be detected in chicken muscles, even when the muscle was covered with a layer of chicken skin. The presence of an India ink absorber in the intralipid had only a moderate effect on the modulation values. We suggest the use of this transdermal detection of long-wavelength fluorophores as a noninvasive method to monitor patient compliance when taking medicines used for treatment of chronic diseases such as AIDS or tuberculosis. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Effective Cost Reduction for Elastic Clouds under Spot Instance Pricing Through Adaptive Checkpointing (2014)

Cloud computing users are most concerned about the application turnaround time and the monetary cost involved. For lower monetary costs, less expensive services, like spot instances offered by Amazon, are often made available, albeit to their relatively frequent resource unavailability that leads to on-going execution being evicted, thereby undercutting execution performance. Meanwhile, multithreaded applications may take advantage of elastic resource availability and cost fluctuation inherent to the systems. However, their potential gains on utilizing spot instances would be contingent upon how they handle resource unavailability, calling for an effective checkpointing. This work presents design and implementation of our enhanced adaptive incremental checkpointing (EAIC) for multithreaded applications on the RaaS clouds under spot instance pricing. EAIC model takes into account spot instance revocation events, besides hardware failures, for fast and accurately predicting the desirable points of time to take checkpoints so as to markedly reduce the expected job turnaround time and the monetary cost. The experimental results from our established test bed on PARSEC benchmarks under real spot instance price traces from Amazon EC2 show that EAIC lowers both the application turnaround time and the monetary cost markedly (by up to 58% and 59%, respectively) in comparison to its recent checkpointing counterpart.
Light and electron microscopic study on the effect of antischizophrenic drugs on the structure of seminiferous tubules of adult male albino rats (2014)

Olanzapine followed by aripiprazole had adverse histological effects on the structure of the seminiferous tubules, which may affect spermatogenesis.
Tumor microenvironment converts plasmacytoid dendritic cells into immunosuppressive/tolerogenic cells: insight into the molecular mechanisms (2012)

Human pDCs represent a rare population of circulating cells characterized by a rapid and massive TLR-dependent secretion of type I IFN in response to pathogenic agents or danger signals. Through their capacity to bring together innate and adaptive immunity and to secrete soluble factors controlling cancer development, these cells could represent important actors in antitumor immunity. However, accumulating evidence suggests that pDCs recruited to the tumor microenvironment often display a nonactivated state and are associated with the development and maintenance of immunosuppression. Here, we present an overview of neoplastic lesions associated with an infiltration of immunosuppressive/tolerogenic pDC. Moreover, as the proper response of pDC against cancer depends on a critical balance between immune-activating and immune-suppressing mechanisms, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular pathways developed by tumors to prevent antitumoral pDC immune responses. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating pDC function in tumors could aid in the development of new therapies. Indeed, effective cancer vaccines or therapies could combine immunoactivating strategies (i.e., TLR agonists) with elimination of immune-suppressing mechanisms, leading to pDC reprogramming and thus, allowing tumor rejection in a clinical setting.
Terahertz electroluminescence from boron-doped silicon devices (2003)

Terahertz emission was observed from electrically pumped boron-doped p-type silicon structures at cryogenic temperatures. At a current of 1.5 A and temperature of 4.4 K, we achieved a pulsed peak power of 31 μW from a single mesa facet, integrated over three closely spaced spectral lines centered about 8.1 THz. The radiation was slightly transverse magnetically polarized with respect to the plane of the substrate and was still detectable at temperatures as high as 150 K. These findings suggest that moderate power THz sources can be fabricated without epitaxially grown quantum wells using techniques compatible with silicon integrated circuit technology.
The actin cytoskeleton in cancer cell motility (2008)

Cancer cell metastasis is a multi-stage process involving invasion into surrounding tissue, intravasation, transit in the blood or lymph, extravasation, and growth at a new site. Many of these steps require cell motility, which is driven by cycles of actin polymerization, cell adhesion and acto-myosin contraction. These processes have been studied in cancer cells in vitro for many years, often with seemingly contradictory results. The challenge now is to understand how the multitude of in vitro observations relates to the movement of cancer cells in living tumour tissue. In this review we will concentrate on actin protrusion and acto-myosin contraction. We will begin by presenting some general principles summarizing the widely-accepted mechanisms for the co-ordinated regulation of actin polymerization and contraction. We will then discuss more recent studies that investigate how experimental manipulation of actin dynamics affects cancer cell invasion in complex environments and in vivo.
Structural graph matching using the EM algorithm and singular value decomposition (2001)

This paper describes an efficient algorithm for inexact graph matching. The method is purely structural, that is, it uses only the edge or connectivity structure of the graph and does not draw on node or edge attributes. We make two contributions: 1) commencing from a probability distribution for matching errors, we show how the problem of graph matching can be posed as maximum-likelihood estimation using the apparatus of the EM algorithm; and 2) we cast the recovery of correspondence matches between the graph nodes in a matrix framework. This allows one to efficiently recover correspondence matches using the singular value decomposition. We experiment with the method on both real-world and synthetic data. Here, we demonstrate that the method offers comparable performance to more computationally demanding methods.
Synthese purinähnlicher Heterocyclen (1952)

Abstract Es wird über die Synthese von Imidazolo‐pyridinen, Pyridino‐pyrazinen und Pyridino‐pyrimidinen berichtet. Für das Xanthopterin wurde eine vereinfachte Synthese gefunden, ferner wurden das 8‐Phenyl‐isoxanthopterin und das 9‐Phenyl‐xanthopterin dargestellt.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Combined On-Line with Inductively Coupled Plasma-MS via a Direct-Injection High-Efficiency Nebulizer (2003)

A direct-injection high-efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) is used to couple a thin-layer electrochemical flow cell on-line with an ICP-mass spectrometer to perform anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at a thin mercury film followed by subsequent ICPMS measurements for the stripped metal analytes. The resultant hyphenated technique (ASV-DIHEN-ICPMS) is capable of analyzing select heavy metals present at ultratrace levels (down to low-ppt to sub-ppt levels) that are lower than the detection limits obtained by conventional ICPMS. In addition to its good analytical performance, the technique offers other attractive features such as the ability to eliminate detrimental matrix effects that can compromise ICPMS analyses and the possibility of probing electrode reactions involving trace amounts metal species with ICPMS. For conducting ASV on-line with ICPMS, the DIHEN was found to be more advantageous than the microconcentric nebulizer in terms of minimizing memory effects and potential artifacts caused by the erosion of the Hg film into the flowing solution stream. Compared to a direct injection nebulizer (DIN), the DIHEN was easier to operate. Moreover, its simpler design and the lack of back pressure from the DIHEN capillary made it more compatible with coupling to the thin-layer electrochemical cell than a DIN system.
Nuclear delivery of recombinant OCT4 by chitosan nanoparticles for transgene-free generation of protein-induced pluripotent stem cells (2016)

Protein-based reprogramming of somatic cells is a non-genetic approach for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), whereby reprogramming factors, such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, are delivered as functional proteins. The technique is considered safer than transgenic methods, but, unfortunately, most protein-based protocols provide very low reprogramming efficiencies. In this study, we developed exemplarily a nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery system for the reprogramming factor OCT4. To this end, we expressed human OCT4 in Sf9 insect cells using a baculoviral expression system. Recombinant OCT4 showed nuclear localization in Sf9 cells indicating proper protein folding. In comparison to soluble OCT4 protein, encapsulation of OCT4 in nuclear-targeted chitosan NPs strongly stabilized its DNA-binding activity even under cell culture conditions. OCT4-loaded NPs enabled cell treatment with high micromolar concentrations of OCT4 and successfully delivered active OCT4 into human fibroblasts. Chitosan NPs therefore provide a promising tool for the generation of transgene-free iPSCs.
SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity: Specificity, function, durability, and role in protection (2020)

In efforts to synthesize a clear understanding of SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity, antibody analysis has been paralleled by T cell studies across asymptomatic, mild and severe COVID-19. Defining CD4 and CD8 effector functions in protection is important considering that antibody responses appear short-lived and T cell memory is potentially more durable. To fully understand population level immunity, screening for both antibody and T cell immunity using standardized testing methods would be beneficial.
Structural Design of Resin Matrix and Acid-labile Dissolution Inhibitor of Chemical Amplification Positive Electron-beam Resist for Gigabit Lithography. (1998)

The effect of m/p-cresol novolak molecular-weight-distribution (MWD) and dissolution inhibitor structure on resist performance were investigated. A novolak resin richer in p-cresol ratio gave a large dissolution inhibition capability of polymeric dissolution inhibitor, tetrahydropyranyl (THP) protected-polymeric dissolution inhibitor. In particular, a high molecular-weight novolak resin richer in p-cresol ratio was regarded as an effective matrix of a chemical amplification (CA) positive resist. THP protected phenolic compounds with extended backbone structures showed a large dissolution inhibition. The resist with MWD controlled resin and a THP-protected phenolic compound can achieve high resolution patterns (100-nm contact holes ) with high sensitivity (6.0μC/cm2).
Parameters of coplanar waveguides with lower ground plane (1983)

A new analytical expression for the impedance and the permittivity of coplanar waveguides with lower ground plane is presented. Although approximate in principle, this expression shows very good agreement with the upper or lower bounds of the parameters, computed via a spectral-domain variational approach.
Treatment of a retinal dystrophy, fundus albipunctatus, with oral 9-cis- -carotene (2009)

BACKGROUND Fundus albipunctatus is a retinal dystrophy caused by a mutation in the gene encoding 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase which delays the recovery of rod photoreceptor cells from light stimulation leading to night blindness. A recent study of a mouse model of fundus albipunctatus treated with 9-cis-retinal showed an improvement in visual function and structure. METHODS Seven patients with fundus albipunctatus were given a daily food supplement of four capsules containing high-dose 9-cis-beta-carotene for 90 days. The subjects were tested before and after treatment by visual field and electroretinogram in both eyes. This non-randomised prospective phase I study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00478530). RESULTS All patients showed significant improvements in peripheral visual field (mean deviation improved from -4.77+/-2.0 to -3.28+/-2.28, p=0.009, t test) and a highly significant improvement in rod recovery rates measured electroretinographically (maximal scotopic b-wave amplitude responses, improved from 197+/-49 muV to 292+/-48 muV, p<0.001, t test). No complications or side effects were observed. CONCLUSION Oral treatment with 9-cis-beta-carotene led to reversal of a human retinal dystrophy. This potential therapy is readily available and should be evaluated in retinal dystrophies of similar mechanisms such as various types of retinitis pigmentosa.
Skin-On Interfaces (2019)

We propose a paradigm called Skin-On interfaces, in which interactive devices have their own (artificial) skin, thus enabling new forms of input gestures for end-users (e.g. twist, scratch). Our work explores the design space of Skin-On interfaces by following a bio-driven approach: (1) From a sensory point of view, we study how to reproduce the look and feel of the human skin through three user studies;(2) From a gestural point of view, we explore how gestures naturally performed on skin can be transposed to Skin-On interfaces; (3) From a technical point of view, we explore and discuss different ways of fabricating interfaces that mimic human skin sensitivity and can recognize the gestures observed in the previous study; (4) We assemble the insights of our three exploratory facets to implement a series of Skin-On interfaces and we also contribute by providing a toolkit that enables easy reproduction and fabrication.
David Leadbetter's faults and fixes (1993)

Using David Leadbetter's swing method from The Golf Swing, this book provides fixes for 80 of the golfer's most common faults. Every golfer faces individual obstacles, both mental and physical, that infiltrate every round and keep their handicaps up. Some suffer from a severe hook or slice, others get tense and inaccurate around the greens, still others are longing for that extra ten yards with their driver. Leadbetter addresses these questions and 76 more that can help improve the game of all golfers. Arranged by topic and colour-coded by handicap, the faults are also accompanied by illustrations to guide the reader. David Leadbetter's star pupils from the PGA Tour include Nick Faldo, Sandy Lyle, Tom Watsson, Nick Price and Bob Tway - all champions who continue to win tournaments.
Theoretical calculations on the effect of temperature on the operation of an IMPATT diode (1972)

An accurate small-signal analysis has been used to explain recently published experimental results on the effect of junction temperature on the operation of an IMPATT diode. Utilisation of temperature-dependent velocities and ionisation coefficients gives results differing from simple theory, but allowing qualitative agreement with experimental findings.
BIST for ring-address SRAM-type FIFOs (2002)

Testing FIFOs involves testing the embedded memory cell array, the addressing mechanisms, and the FIFO functionality logic (such as Empty and Full flags); each with their specific fault models. A test algorithm for the popular ring-address SRAM-type FIFOs has been published [Go94]; it consists of 36 steps and has a test length of 2n/sup 2/+10n+12+2/spl middot/Del (where n is the number of cells in the FIFO, and Del a delay time), while not all coupling faults are detectable due to the addressing restrictions of the FIFO. This paper presents a new test algorithm based on BIST which consists of 25 steps, reduces the test length to 21n+13+2/spl middot/Del, and allows for full fault coverage. It has been implemented as part of a macro-cell generator for FIFOs at AT&T Microelectronics. The paper describes the test algorithm, the BIST hardware, and the chip area overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segmentation of human faces in color images using connected operators (2003)

In this paper we present a face segmentation algorithm for color images based on connected operators. Using a skin color model, we construct a skin probability image that indicates the probability of each pixel representing skin. Morphological filters are applied to this probability images instead of applying them to the original image. A hierarchy of operators with geometrical criteria (size, compactness, orientation) is employed to simplify the skin probability image and a gray level criterion based on principal components analysis is used for final classification. Using connected operators, regions with different probabilities of being skin are analyzed which leads to a more robust segmentation compared to a single threshold classification.
Privacy for the Protected (Only) (2015)

Motivated by tensions between data privacy for individual citizens, and societal priorities such as counterterrorism and the containment of infectious disease, we introduce a computational model that distinguishes between parties for whom privacy is explicitly protected, and those for whom it is not (the targeted subpopulation). The goal is the development of algorithms that can effectively identify and take action upon members of the targeted subpopulation in a way that minimally compromises the privacy of the protected, while simultaneously limiting the expense of distinguishing members of the two groups via costly mechanisms such as surveillance, background checks, or medical testing. Within this framework, we provide provably privacy-preserving algorithms for targeted search in social networks. These algorithms are natural variants of common graph search methods, and ensure privacy for the protected by the careful injection of noise in the prioritization of potential targets. We validate the utility of our algorithms with extensive computational experiments on two large-scale social network datasets.
Looking to listen at the cocktail party (2018)

We present a joint audio-visual model for isolating a single speech signal from a mixture of sounds such as other speakers and background noise. Solving this task using only audio as input is extremely challenging and does not provide an association of the separated speech signals with speakers in the video. In this paper, we present a deep network-based model that incorporates both visual and auditory signals to solve this task. The visual features are used to "focus" the audio on desired speakers in a scene and to improve the speech separation quality. To train our joint audio-visual model, we introduce AVS peech , a new dataset comprised of thousands of hours of video segments from the Web. We demonstrate the applicability of our method to classic speech separation tasks, as well as real-world scenarios involving heated interviews, noisy bars, and screaming children, only requiring the user to specify the face of the person in the video whose speech they want to isolate. Our method shows clear advantage over state-of-the-art audio-only speech separation in cases of mixed speech. In addition, our model, which is speaker-independent (trained once, applicable to any speaker), produces better results than recent audio-visual speech separation methods that are speaker-dependent (require training a separate model for each speaker of interest).