gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Macrophages Regulates Cytokine Production and Experimental Colitis (2014)

Macrophages regulate innate immunity to maintain intestinal homeostasis and play pathological roles in intestinal inflammation. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, and wound closure in several cell types. However, the impact of EGFR in macrophages remains unclear. This study was to investigate whether EGFR activation in macrophages regulates cytokine production and intestinal inflammation. We found that EGFR was activated in colonic macrophages in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and in patients with ulcerative colitis. DSS-induced acute colitis was ameliorated, and recovery from colitis was promoted in Egfr(fl/fl)LysM-Cre mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of EGFR, compared with LysM-Cre mice. DSS treatment increased IL-10 and TNF levels during the acute phase of colitis, and increased IL-10 but reduced TNF levels during the recovery phase in Egfr(fl/fl)LysM-Cre mice. An anti-IL-10 neutralizing Ab abolished these effects of macrophage-specific EGFR deletion on DSS-induced colitis in Egfr(fl/fl)LysM-Cre mice. LPS stimulated EGFR activation and inhibition of EGFR kinase activity enhanced LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, induction of IL-10 production by EGFR kinase-blocked RAW 264.7 cells, in response to LPS plus IFN-γ, correlated with decreased TNF production. Thus, although selective deletion of EGFR in macrophages leads to increases in both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli, the increase in the IL-10 level plays a role in suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production, resulting in protection of mice from intestinal inflammation. These results reveal an integrated response of macrophages regulated by EGFR in intestinal inflammatory disorders.
Scleral Fixation Suture for Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (1990)

ABSTRACT The posterior dislocation of an intraocular lens is a serious complication of extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. We describe a method of repositioning and suturing such a lens, using pars plana techniques. The method we recommend has several advantages over previously described methods, including the use of radially oriented scleral fixation sutures.
Interacting signalling pathways regulating prestalk cell differentiation and movement during the morphogenesis of <i>Dictyostelium</i> (1993)

ABSTRACT Analysis of the expression patterns of two genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins shows there to be an unexpectedly complex pattern of prestalk cell differentiation and movement during the morphogenesis of Dictyostelium. The organism employs both cell sorting and positional differentiation to generate a patterned structure but these two mechanisms are used at different times during development. During slug formation prestalk cells arise at scattered positions within the aggregate and then move to its apex to form the tip. In contrast, during culmination, stalk cell differentiation occurs in a positionally localized manner at the entrance to the stalk tube. Two interacting signalling pathways regulate the differentiation of prestalk and stalk cells. Prestalk cell differentiation is induced by DIF, a chlorinated hexaphenone, and a repression mechanism prevents DIF acting to induce premature stalk cell differentiation during slug migration. At culmination intracellular cAMP levels rise, the cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) is activated and the block to stalk cell differentiation is lifted. Activation of PKA is also necessary in order that prestalk cells move to the entrance of the stalk tube at culmination. Thus, in Dictyostelium, PKA plays a role both in the regulation of cellular differentiation and in morphogenetic cell movement.
Kirchhoff migration and velocity analysis for converted and nonconverted waves in anisotropic media (1993)

Abstract We develop asymptotic expressions and outline a procedure to perform Kirchhoff migration in anisotropic media. This technique is based on a new Green's tensor representation for azimuthally isotropic media obtained by using analytical forms for the ray amplitudes and traveltimes. Since in real applications the usage of general anisotropy in a migration scheme will be limited by the availability and reliability of the velocity model considered, we also develop a new anisotropic velocity analysis scheme to generate realistic anisotropic models for migration in azimuthally isotropic media for nonconverted and converted qP-qSV waves. This velocity analysis technique is based on nonhyperbolic traveltime-offset formulas explicitly given in terms of the five elastic constants of azimuthal isotropy.The imaging technique is applied to nonconverted-as well as converted-wave surface seismic data. In both cases the method provides accurate images of the subsurface. Even with a weak to moderate percentage of anisotropy, we show that an isotropic migration algorithm cannot properly image the subsurface. This paper provides new nonconventional techniques for the velocity analysis and migration in anisotropic media and shows the feasibility of exploiting converted and nonconverted waves.
CCXCI.—The solubility of potassium ferricyanide in water between 0° and 100° (1928)

J. A. N. Friend and W. N. Smirles, J. Chem. Soc., 1928, 2242 DOI: 10.1039/JR9280002242
Rheological Properties of Fish Gelatins (2002)

ABSTRACT: The rheological properties of fish gelatins (cod, megrim, tuna, and tilapia) and conventional gelatin (bovine and porcine) were compared. The different fish gelatins had from low to high viscosity values. They also had from low to high gel strength values. However, they had lower melting and gelling temperatures than gels from conventional gelatins. Cold‐water fish gelatins were more different from conventional gelatins than warm water fish gelatins reflecting the different amino acid composition, as cold‐water fish gelatins are low in imino acids. Binary blends of cod and other fish or conventional gelatins seemed to be completely compatible.
Reasons for Secrecy and Deception in Homeland-Security Resource Allocation (2010)

In this article, we explore reasons that a defender might prefer secrecy or deception about her defensive resource allocations, rather than disclosure, in a homeland-security context. Our observations not only summarize and synthesize the results of existing game-theoretic work, but also provide intuitions about promising future research directions.
Doubly Stochastic Variational Inference for Deep Gaussian Processes (2017)

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a good choice for function approximation as they are flexible, robust to over-fitting, and provide well-calibrated predictive uncertainty. Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multi-layer generalisations of GPs, but inference in these models has proved challenging. Existing approaches to inference in DGP models assume approximate posteriors that force independence between the layers, and do not work well in practice. We present a doubly stochastic variational inference algorithm, which does not force independence between layers. With our method of inference we demonstrate that a DGP model can be used effectively on data ranging in size from hundreds to a billion points. We provide strong empirical evidence that our inference scheme for DGPs works well in practice in both classification and regression.
Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation via Folate Receptor Targeting Using a Novel <sup>18</sup>F-Folate Radiotracer (2014)

Folate receptor β (FR-β) is overexpressed on activated, but not resting, macrophages involved in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A pivotal step in atherogenesis is the subendothelial accumulation of macrophages. In nascent lesions, they coordinate the scavenging of lipids and cellular debris to define the likelihood of plaque inflammation and eventually rupture. In this study, we determined the presence of FR-β-expressing macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions by the use of a fluorine-18-labeled folate-based radiotracer. Human endarterectomized specimens were used to measure gene expression levels of FR-β and CD68. Increased FR-β and CD68 levels were found in atherosclerotic plaques compared to normal artery walls by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry demonstrated prominent FR-β protein levels in plaques. FR-β-positive cells colocalized with activated macrophages (CD68) in plaque tissue. Carotid sections incubated with 3'-aza-2'-[18F]fluorofolic acid displayed increased accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques through in vitro autoradiography. Specific binding of the radiotracer correlated with FR-β-expressing macrophages. These results demonstrate high FR-β expression in atherosclerotic lesions of human carotid tissue correlating with CD68-positive macrophages. Areas of high 3'-aza-2'-[18F]fluorofolic acid binding within the lesions represented FR-β-expressing macrophages. Selectively targeting FR-β-positive macrophages through folate-based radiopharmaceuticals may be useful for noninvasive imaging of plaque inflammation.
Potentiating Effect of Coenzyme Q on Root Potentials of Perfused Frog’s Spinal Cord (1972)

One of the biologically active quinones, coenzyme Q (CoQ), is widely distributed in nature and primarily localized in the mitochondria of animal cells (1, 2). There is considerable evidence to support the fact that CoQ may be an important carrier for mediating between flavoprotein and cytoeheome chains in mitochondria (3, 4). On the other hand, there is considerable literature on the pharmacologic action of exogenous CoQ (5, 6), however, reports investigating structure-activity relationship, e.g. relationships between the activity and the polyisoprenoid side chains or the quinone ring, etc. are few. The mechanism of action of CoQ also has not been ascertained. To clarify these points, effect of CoQ on the root potentials of perfused frog’s spinal cord was investigated.
Metabolic Acidosis Induced by <i>Plasmodium Falciparum</i> Intraerythrocytic Stages Alters Blood—Brain Barrier Integrity (2010)

The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) remains largely unknown. There is growing evidence that combination of both parasite and host factors could be involved in blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. However, lack of adequate in vitro model of human BBB so far hampered molecular studies. In this article, we propose the use of hCMEC/D3 cells, a well-established human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (EC) line, to study BBB breakdown induced by Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized red blood cells and environmental conditions. We show that coculture of parasitized erythrocytes with hCMEC/D3 cells induces cell adhesion and paracellular permeability increase, which correlates with disorganization of zonula occludens protein 1 expression pattern. Permeability increase and modification of tight junction proteins distribution are cytoadhesion independent. Finally, we show that permeability of hCMEC/D3 cell monolayers is mediated through parasite induced metabolic acidosis, which in turns correlates with apoptosis of parasitized erythrocytes. This new coculture model represents a very useful tool, which will improve the knowledge of BBB breakdown and the development of adjuvant therapies, together with antiparasitic drugs.
Machine-to-machine communication standardization trends and end-to-end service enhancements through vertical handover technology (2012)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication between devices has significant differences with conventional human-to-human (H2H) communications. From these differences, considerable technical issues of M2M communication arise, which are expected to result in numerous system changes compared to existing H2H communication networks. M2M-based features offer a new paradigm for future communication and network services, and can enable various convergence services in support of ubiquitous businesses and complex manufacturing industries. However, currently one limiting factor is lack of end-to-end M2M network connectivity. Various global standardization groups are conducting standardization on M2M communications. In this paper, a summary on the progress of global M2M standardization is presented. This paper also introduces M2M technical issues and discuss on the necessity of M2M vertical handover (VHO) and technical requirements in support of M2M VHO and fast handover for proxy mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) VHO between heterogeneous M2M protocol networks to enable end-to-end M2M network connectivity.
Propagation of centromeric chromatin requires exit from mitosis (2007)

Centromeres direct chromosomal inheritance by nucleating assembly of the kinetochore, a large multiprotein complex required for microtubule attachment during mitosis. Centromere identity in humans is epigenetically determined, with no DNA sequence either necessary or sufficient. A prime candidate for the epigenetic mark is assembly into centromeric chromatin of centromere protein A (CENP-A), a histone H3 variant found only at functional centromeres. A new covalent fluorescent pulse-chase labeling approach using SNAP tagging has now been developed and is used to demonstrate that CENP-A bound to a mature centromere is quantitatively and equally partitioned to sister centromeres generated during S phase, thereby remaining stably associated through multiple cell divisions. Loading of nascent CENP-A on the megabase domains of replicated centromere DNA is shown to require passage through mitosis but not microtubule attachment. Very surprisingly, assembly and stabilization of new CENP-A-containing nucleosomes is restricted exclusively to the subsequent G1 phase, demonstrating direct coupling between progression through mitosis and assembly/maturation of the next generation of centromeres.
Low threshold 1.59 μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with strain-compensated multiple quantum wells (2002)

We demonstrated, for the first time, long wavelength InGaAs/InGaAsP VCSELs with strain-compensated multiple quantum wells. Record low threshold pumping power and high T/sub o/ have been achieved. The exceedingly high optical gain and the capability of growing many wells relax the stringent requirement on mirror reflectivity making strain-compensated multiple quantum wells attractive for long wavelength VC-SELs.
Detection of Shigellae from stools of dysentery patients by culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. (1998)

In Bangladesh, the isolation rates of Shigella spp. range from 11% to 12% by the conventional culture technique. Since the sensitivity of this technique is low, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for detecting small number of Shigellae from patients' stools. Sensitivity and specificity of the two techniques were also compared. Stool samples were collected from 41 patients with dysentery who attended the Clinical Research and Service Centre of the ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research. All stool specimens were directly plated onto MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, Xylose lysin deoxycholate and Hectoen enteric agar media, and Shigellae were detected following standard procedures. DNA was extracted from the stool samples, and the target sequence of invasive plasmid antigen (ipa)H locus was amplified by PCR with 130 ng each of two primers (primer H8 [5'-GTTCCTTGACCGCCTTTCCGATAC-3'] and primer H15 [5'-GCCGGTCAGCCACCCTA-3']) following standard procedures. The amplified product was hybridized using an ipaH probe. The isolation rates of Shigella dysenteriae type 1, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and S. boydii were, respectively, 17.1%, 19.5%, 4.9% and 2.4% by the conventional method. The results of the PCR technique showed that 700 bp fragment was generated in 18 of the 18 culture-positive and in 7 of the 23 culture-negative stools. One hundred twenty-three strains of Escherichia coli were also tested by PCR for identifying the enteroinvasive E. coli, but none of them yielded any positive result. This study showed that the sensitivity of the culture technique is 72% and specificity is 100%, when the PCR technique was considered as gold standard. Therefore, the PCR may be considered a more sensitive and specific technique than the conventional culture technique and has the potential to be employed in routine diagnosis of dysentery in clinical centres as well as in epidemiologic studies.
14-3-3ζ Is an Effector of Tau Protein Phosphorylation (2000)

Neurofibrillary tangles associated with Alzheimer's disease are composed mainly of paired helical filaments that are formed by the aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. 14-3-3, a highly conserved protein family that exists as seven isoforms and regulates diverse cellular processes is present in neurofibrillary tangles (Layfield, R., Fergusson, J., Aitken, A., Lowe, J., Landon, M., Mayer, R. J. (1996) Neurosci. Lett. 209, 57-60). The role of 14-3-3 in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we found that the 14-3-3zeta isoform is associated with tau in brain extract and profoundly stimulates cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed in vitro phosphorylation on Ser(262)/Ser(356) located within the microtubule-binding region of tau. 14-3-3zeta binds to both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated tau, and the binding site is located within the microtubule-binding region of tau. From brain extract, 14-3-3zeta co-purifies with microtubules, and tubulin blocks 14-3-3zeta-tau binding. Among four 14-3-3 isoforms tested, beta and zeta but not gamma and epsilon associate with tau. Our data suggest that 14-3-3zeta is a tau protein effector and may be involved in the abnormal tau phosphorylation occurring during Alzheimer's disease ontogeny.
Real-time three-dimensional optical micromanipulation of multiple particles and living cells (2004)

Counterpropagating light fields provide a stationary optical potential well for a Brownian particle. Introducing variability in the relative strengths of the counterpropagating beams allows us to create a more general configuration-the optical elevator. An optical elevator dynamically controls the axial location of the potential minimum where the particle finds a stable equilibrium position. We describe the implementation of multiple real-time reconfigurable optical elevators with the generalized phase contrast method for dynamic manipulation of polystyrene spheres and yeast cells S. cerevisiae in three dimensions.
Review of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of stress urinary incontinence (2017)

Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) has a higher incidence in middle-aged and elderly women. At present, for mild and moderate SUI patients, the treatment of kegel practice or combined with TCM ,and acupuncture, acupoint application or pelvic floor muscle exercise show benefit effect. This article summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of SUI, TCM therapy, integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, in recent years, in order to provide reference for the treatment of the disease and the further study.


Key words: 
Urinary incontinence, stress; Traditional Chinese medicine therapy; Review
[Features of the structure and evolution of complex tandemly organized Bsp-repeats in the fox genome. II. Tissue-specific and recombinant BamHI-dimer sites]. (1991)

The complex structure of the clustered Bsp-repeats in fox genome seems to have evolved throughout a long period of time as a result of multiplication, recombination and divergence events. The sequence of the subrepeat (SR) approximately 245 b.p long is the basic substructure for the hierarchically arranged Bam HI-repeat 1468 b.p. long. The monomer consists of 3 SRs with a 43-59% homology. A dimer is composed of 2 monomers with a 93% homology. Amplification of the Bsp-repeats during evolution seems to have occurred at least twice: first--on the SR ancestral form level, second--on the monomer level. Despite profound divergence, there are still conservative regions in SRs with sequences homologous to known functional sites in eukaryotes. However qualitative and quantitative composition of most functional motifs is stringently individual in every SR. The performed analysis revealed that throughout evolution SRs acquired significant amount of motifs homologous to promoter and enhancer regions in tissue-specific genes and virus regulatory regions. Functional motifs in separate SRs are being differently grouped. Most inducible motifs are located in the III and II subrepeats, putative promoters--in the II one; elements participating both in transcriptional and replicational processes--mainly in the I subrepeat. A few ensembles of functional motifs remotely resemble extended regulatory regions of some tissue-specific genes. The monomers are potentially capable of ensuring diverse aspects of transcriptional regulation. As a whole, motifs of the 3 SRs are potentially capable of regulating the RNA synthesis periodicity with respect to the cellular cycle, activation and repression of genetical material in response to signals from the environment (AP-1, AP-2, AP-4, T-antigen, etc) and temporal ("octamers") etc. Apart from the BamHI-dimer, a few homologues fragments were isolated from fox genome and sequenced. Some of them were rearranged with respect to the BamHI-dimer. Inversion locally alters the composition of motifs and the sequence acquires new functional potential. Thus, the analysis of the emergence and development of Bsp-repeat structural variations allows us to consider repetitive DNA sequences as an ideal material in constructing multiprofile regulatory sequences.
Multi moving people detection from binocular sequences (2003)

A novel approach for detection of multiple moving objects from binocular video sequences is reported. First an efficient motion estimation method is applied to sequences acquired from each camera. The motion estimation is then used to obtain cross camera correspondence between the stereo pair. Next, background subtraction is achieved by fusion of temporal difference and depth estimation. Finally moving foregrounds are further segmented into moving object according to a distance measure defined in a 2.5D feature space, which is done in a hierarchical strategy. The proposed approach has been tested on several indoor and outdoor sequences. Preliminary experiments have shown that the new approach can robustly detect multiple partially occluded moving persons in a noisy background. Representative human detection results are presented.
Molecular basis of human growth hormone gene deletions. (1988)

Crossover sites resulting from unequal recombination within the human growth hormone (GH) gene cluster that cause GH1 gene deletions and isolated GH deficiency type 1A were localized in nine patients. In eight unrelated subjects homozygous for 6.7-kilobase (kb) deletions, the breakpoints are within two blocks of highly homologous DNA sequences that lie 5' and 3' to the GH1 gene. In seven of these eight cases, the breakpoints map within a 1250-base-pair (bp) region composed of 300-bp Alu sequences of 86% homology and flanking non-Alu sequences that are 600 and 300 bp in length and are of 96% and 88% homology, respectively. In the eighth patient, the breakpoints are 5' to these Alu repeats and are most likely within a 700-bp region of 96% homologous DNA sequences. In the ninth patient homozygous for a 7.6-kb deletion, the breakpoints are contained within a 29-bp perfect repeat lying 5' to GH1 and the human chorionic somatomammotropin pseudogene (CSHP1). Together, these results indicate that the presence of highly homologous DNA sequences flanking GH1 predispose to recurrent unequal recombinational events presumably through chromosomal misalignment.