gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of metal-binding bioflocculants produced by the cyanobacterial component of mixed microbial mats (1994)

Mixed-species microbial mats that were dominated by the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. and contained heterotrophic and purple autotrophic bacteria were constructed for specific bioremediation applications. When the mats were challenged with metals, production and secretion of metal-binding extracellular polysaccharide bioflocculants were observed. The concentration of these negatively charged polysaccharides was correlated with the removal of manganese from the water column beneath a surface microbial mat. Bioflocculants from an Oscillatoria sp. that was isolated from the mat were collected and concentrated for characterization. A chromatographic analysis revealed a heterogeneous population of polysaccharides with respect to charge density and molecular size. The subpopulation of polysaccharides which exhibited the highest level of flocculating activity was polyanionic and had a molecular weight of more than 200,000. A glycosyl analysis of the bioflocculants revealed the presence of galacturonic acid (2.2%) and glucuronic acid (1.86%). The presence of these components, which were negatively charged at the pH levels generated by the mats during photosynthesis (pH > 7.5), may account for the metal-binding properties of the mats.
An investigation of the effects of intravenous administration of thiomolybdate on copper metabolism in chronic Cu-poisoned sheep (1981)

1. Fourteen sheep were dosed repeatedly with a solution of copper sulphate (2 g/l) in order to induce chronic copper poisoning and four similar undosed animals acted as controls 2. Thiomolybdate (TM) was intravenously administered to all control sheep and to all except two of the test sheep. A variety of biochemical factors were studied before and after injections of TM. 3. The direct-reacting Cu, whole-blood Cu and plasma Cu concentrations were elevated in animals given TM injections and at the "haemolytic crisis" of untreated chronic Cu-poisoned animals. But most of the increased Cu observed on injecting TM was insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and did not enter erythrocytes. The results indicate that uptake of Cu by erythrocytes is essential for haemolysis to occur and that for this to happen the Cu must be in a direct reacting, TCA-soluble form. 4. Increased amounts of Cu were excreted in the urine at haemolysis and at commencement of TM injections. High levels of direct-reacting Cu were found in plasma at these times. 5. Marked changes were not found in caeruloplasmin activity, packed cell volume or the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes except at haemolysis. TM injection s did no alter these factors in any of the sheep studied.
Run-time characteristics of a simulation model (1976)

This paper compares the efficiency of trace-driven simulation models of computer systems with the efficiency of function driven models. In a trace-driven model (TDM), the next service request for a task is selected from a file of requests which was created earlier, often from data derived from a functioning system. This can be compared to a function-driven model (FDM), in which the next service request is selected using generation techniques based on random deviates. While both kinds of models can produce statistically accurate results, a TDM is thought to be inherently more accurate, but it has been suspected that a FDM is faster. The comparison of these two techniques is based on a simulation model of a computer system which has been specially constructed so as to operate either as a TDM or an FDM. The key feature of the study is that by using this model, we have isolated the demand-generation technique (either trace-driven or function-driven) as the single factor affecting performance of the model. A run-time program monitor and a software-monitor event probe are used to evaluate the resources used by various runs of the two kinds of simulation models. The results indicate that, contrary to earlier expectations, the performance of both techniques is comparable. We also demonstrate the effects of various block sizes on the performance of the TDM and the effects of the complexity of the request functions on the performance of the FDM.
Sex-specific regulation of collagen I and III expression by 17β-Estradiol in cardiac fibroblasts: role of estrogen receptors (2018)

The mechanism underlying the sex-specific regulation of collagen I and III in the heart appears to involve E2-mediated differential ERα and ERβ signaling in CFs.
Opinion Impact Models and Opinion Consensus Methods in Ad Hoc Tactical Social Networks (2013)

Ad hoc social networks are special social networks, such as ad hoc tactical social networks, ad hoc firefighter social networks, and ad hoc vehicular social networks. The social networks possess both the properties of ad hoc network and social network. One of the challenge problems in ad hoc social networks is opinion impact and consensus, and the opinion impact plays a key role for information fusion and decision support in ad hoc social networks. In this paper, consider the impact of physical and logical distance on the opinions of individuals or nodes in heterogeneous social networks; we present a general opinion impact model, discuss the local and global opinion impact models in detail, and point out the relationship between the local opinion impact model and the global opinion impact model. For understanding the opinion impact models easily, we use the general opinion impact model to ad hoc tactical social networks and discuss the opinion impact and opinion consensus for ad hoc tactical social networks in the end.
Limiting donor site morbidity by suprafascial dissection of the radial forearm flap (1996)

A technique of suprafascial flap elevation to prevent donor site problems is described, based on careful intraoperative observation of the anatomical relations of all involved structures in a series of over 400 free forearm flaps used in various reconstructive procedures.
Effect of Porosity on Physical Properties of Sintered Alumina (1956)

Porous structures having a continuous solid phase with isolated pores were prepared by the addition of different amounts of crushed naphthalene to an alumina casting slip. Samples of from 5 to 50% porosity were fired together for comparable grain development, eliminating structural variables except porosity. Effects of porosity and temperature on strength, elastic modulus, modulus of rigidity, and coefficient of thermal expansion were investigated. Effects of porosity on thermal stress resistance and tor‐sional creep properties were studied at constant temperature.
Infrared navigation system for light dosimetry during pleural photodynamic therapy (2020)

Pleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) is performed intraoperatively for the treatment of microscopic disease in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Accurate delivery of light dose is critical to PDT efficiency. As a standard of care, light fluence is delivered to the prescribed fluence using eight isotropic detectors in pre-determined discrete locations inside the pleural cavity that is filled with a dilute Intralipid solution. An optical infrared (IR) navigation system was used to monitor reflective passive markers on a modified and improved treatment delivery wand to track the position of the light source within the treatment cavity during light delivery. This information was used to calculate the light dose, incorporating a constant scattered light dose and using a dual correction method. Calculation methods were extensively compared for eight detector locations and seven patient case studies. The light fluence uniformity was also quantified by representing the unraveled three-dimensional geometry on a two-dimensional plane. Calculated light fluence at the end of treatment delivery was compared to measured values from isotropic detectors. Using a constant scattered dose for all detector locations along with a dual correction method, the difference between calculated and measured values for each detector was within 15%. Primary light dose alone does not fully account for the light delivered inside the cavity. This is useful in determining the light dose delivered to areas of the pleural cavity between detector locations, and can serve to improve treatment delivery with implementation in real-time in the surgical setting. We concluded that the standard deviation of light fluence uniformity for this method of pleural PDT is 10%.
The Role of Nutrition in Crop Resistance and Tolerance to Diseases (2024)

Nutrients are part of the "environment" for plant and microbial growth and, although frequently unrecognized, always have been an important factor in disease control. All the essential nutrients are reported to influence the incidence or severity of some disease (see Table 7.1); however, no single nutrient controls all diseases or favors disease control for any one group of plants (Graham, 1983; Engelhard, 1989; Huber, 1991). A particular element may decrease severity of some diseases, but increase others (see Figure 7.1), and have an opposite effect in a different environment. The effects of N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), and K (potassium) on disease are reported more frequently than the effects of minor nutrients because of the limited availability of the macronutrients in many soils relative to the large quantity required for optimum plant growth. Nevertheless, it is through an understanding of the disease interactions with each specific nutrient that the roles of the plant, pathogen, and environment can be effectively modified for improved disease control.
Security and AAA Architecture for WiFi-WiMAX Mesh Network (2007)

This paper presents a flexible architecture for hybrid wireless network where WiFi and WiMAX in mesh mode are deployed in a complementary way. The end user can access to high bit rate Internet services directly by WiMAX technology through the 802.16 base stations or by WiFi technology through a CPE/AP connected to the 802.16 base station. We provide a brief description of the different functional entities and we investigate several technical issues including infrastructure and aspects related to the AAA (authentication, authorization, accounting) procedures for users as well as the system security.
Conductive Elastomers for Stretchable Electronics, Sensors and Energy Harvesters (2016)

There have been a wide variety of efforts to develop conductive elastomers that satisfy both mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity, as a response to growing demands on stretchable and wearable devices. This article reviews the important progress in conductive elastomers made in three application fields of stretchable technology: stretchable electronics, stretchable sensors, and stretchable energy harvesters. Diverse combinations of insulating elastomers and non-stretchable conductive materials have been studied to realize optimal conductive elastomers. It is noted that similar material combinations and similar structures have often been employed in different fields of application. In terms of stretchability, cyclic operation, and overall performance, fields such as stretchable conductors and stretchable strain/pressure sensors have achieved great advancement, whereas other fields like stretchable memories and stretchable thermoelectric energy harvesting are in their infancy. It is worth mentioning that there are still obstacles to overcome for the further progress of stretchable technology in the respective fields, which include the simplification of material combination and device structure, securement of reproducibility and reliability, and the establishment of easy fabrication techniques. Through this review article, both the progress and obstacles associated with the respective stretchable technologies will be understood more clearly.
Alignment of capsid protein VP1 sequences of all human rhinovirus prototype strains: conserved motifs and functional domains (2005)

An alignment was made of the deduced amino acid sequences of the entire capsid protein VP1 of all human rhinovirus (HRV) prototype strains to examine conserved motifs in the primary structure. A set of previously proposed crucially important amino acids in the footprints of the two known receptor molecules was not conserved in a receptor group-specific way. In contrast, VP1 and VP3 amino acids in the minor receptor-group strains corresponding to most of the predicted ICAM-1 footprint definitely differed from those of the ICAM-1-using major receptor-group strains. Previous antiviral-sensitivity classification showed an almost-complete agreement with the species classification and a fair correlation with amino acids aligning in the antiviral pocket. It was concluded that systematic alignment of sequences of related virus strains can be used to test hypotheses derived from molecular studies of individual model viruses and to generate ideas for future studies on virus structure and replication.
YY1 Transcription Factor Down-regulates Expression of CCR5, a Major Coreceptor for HIV-1 (2003)

Expression of CCR5, a major coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is regulated by a number of transcription factors. Here we report that the YY1 transcription factor down-regulates CCR5 promoter activity and that overexpression of YY1 reduces cell surface CCR5 expression and infectibility by R5-HIV-1. Because YY1 also down-regulates promoter activities of CXCR4, another major coreceptor for HIV-1 and HIV-1 long terminal repeat, this transcription factor may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease.
Enhancing CS programming lab courses using collaborative editors (2005)

This paper describes the pedagogical implications of the GREWPtool (the Groupware Research in Education and the Workforce Project), a same time different place groupware tool built to support synchronous, collaborative coding among small to medium sized groups. GREWPtool exploits the educational benefits of paired programming while extending the model to allow students synchronous control of the same code. This effectively drops the constraints of turn taking, and allows for a richer interaction. The result was a powerful tool that can be used to provide interactive lectures, structure classroom activity, and facilitate paired programming during labs. In this paper we present the design and use of GREWPtool with an emphasis on how it enhances the classroom experience. In particular, we give a qualitative analysis of how this tool has been used in six lab courses over the past two years. 1
Stable teleoperation with time domain passivity control (2003)

A new bilateral control scheme is proposed to ensure stable teleoperation under a wide variety of operating conditions. To guarantee the stability of a teleoperation system, a previously proposed energy-based method is extended to a two-port network. The issues in implementing the "passivity observer" and "passivity controller" to teleoperation systems are studied. The method is tested with our two-DOF master/slave teleoperation system. Totally stable teleoperation is achieved under conditions such as hard wall contact (stiffness>150 kN/m) and hard surface following.
Timing analysis speed-up using a hierarchical and a multimode approach (1996)

In this paper, we examine the impact of using the hierarchy of the design and multiple delay models defined at different abstraction levels to speed up the timing performance evaluation of VLSI circuits. The algorithms implemented in the Dynamic and Hierarchical Timing Analysis (DHTA) tool are described. DHTA rapidly identifies the critical portions of the circuit at high hierarchical levels with rough delay models. These portions are then successively studied at more detailed levels for maximal accuracy. The effects on processing time of exploiting the design hierarchy and using several delay models are characterized. The implementation of DHTA demonstrates experimentally the benefits of using a mixed-mode approach for timing analysis. We show that considering all available hierarchical levels may degrade the computing time and heuristics are proposed to select the hierarchical levels which generally lead to a speed-up.
Structure of carbon produced by hydrothermal treatment of β-SiC powder (1996)

Interaction of a β-SiC powder with supercritical water has been studied in the temperature range 600–800 °C under 100–500 MPa pressure. Examination of the composition of corrosion products by Raman and IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM demonstrated that carbon and silica are formed after the hydrothermal treatment of SiC. Their structure varies depending on the experimental conditions. Amorphous and crystalline SiO2(α-quartz, α-cristobalite and traces of tridymite) were found. Along with graphite and amorphous sp2 carbon, disordered or poorly crystallised sp3 carbon (diamond) was present in the reaction products. The formation of sp2vs. sp3 carbon is discussed.
Nanoshuttered OLEDs: Unveiled Invisible Auxiliary Electrode (2014)

In this study, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with enhanced optical properties are fabricated by inserting a nanosized stripe auxiliary electrode layer (nSAEL) between the substrate and an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. This design can avoid the shortcomings of conventional microsized layers while maintaining high optical uniformity due to the improved conductivity of the electrode. The primary advantage is that the nSAEL (submicrometer scale) is no longer visible to the naked eye. Moreover, the reflective shuttered (grating) structure of the nSAEL increases the forward‐directed light by the microcavity (MC) effect and minimizes the loss of light by the extracting the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode. In this study, the degree of the MC and SPP can be controlled with the parameters of the nSAEL by simply conjugating the conditions of laser interference lithography (LIL). Therefore, the current and power efficiencies of the device with an nSAEL with optimized parameters are 1.17 and 1.23 times higher than the reference device at 1000 cd/m 2 , respectively, and at these parameters, the overall sheet resistance is reduced to less than half (48%). All of the processes are verified by comparing the computational simulation results and the experimental results obtained with the actual fabricated device.
Poxels: Probabilistic Voxelized Volume Reconstruction (1999)

This paper examines the problem of reconstructing a voxelized representation of 3D space from a series of im-ages. An iterative algorithm is used to find the scene model which jointly explains all the observed images by determin-ing which region of space is responsible for each of the ob-servations. The current approach formulates the problem as one of optimization over estimates of these responsibil-ities. The process converges to a distribution of responsi-bility which accurately reflects the constraints provided by the observations, the positions and shape of both solid and transparent objects, and the uncertainty which remains. Reconstruction is robust, and gracefully represents regions of space in which there is little certainty about the ex-act structure due to limited, non-existent, or contradicting data. Rendered images of voxel spaces recovered from syn-thetic and real observation images are shown. 1
Plasma Clozapine, Norclozapine, and the Clozapine:Norclozapine Ratio in Relation to Prescribed Dose and Other Factors: Data From a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Service, 1993–2007 (2010)

Therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma clozapine and of its principal plasma metabolite N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) (predose or "trough" sample) can help in monitoring adherence, in dose adjustment, and in minimizing the risk of toxicity. To obtain data to assist in the interpretation of analytical results, the results from a clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring service, 1993-2007, have been audited. There were 104,127 samples from 26,796 patients [18,750 (70%) men aged at time of first sample (median, range) 34 (10-89) years, and 7763 (30%) female aged 38 (12-90) years]. Clozapine was not detected (plasma concentration <0.01 mg/L) in 1.5% of samples (prescribed clozapine dose up to 900 mg/d). Plasma clozapine was either below 0.35 mg/L or greater than 0.60 mg/L in 42.5% and 28.4% of samples, respectively; in 0.4% samples plasma clozapine was 2.0 mg/L or more. Although plasma clozapine was broadly related to prescribed dose, there was much variation: 1.2% of samples had plasma clozapine >1.0 mg/L at prescribed clozapine doses up to 150 mg/d (76.2% < 0.35 mg/L), whereas 23.3% of samples had plasma clozapine < 0.35 mg/L at doses of 850 mg/d and over (18.0% > 1.0 mg/L). The highest plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations encountered were 4.95 and 2.45 mg/L, respectively. Although the median plasma clozapine:norclozapine ratio was 1.25 at plasma clozapine concentrations < 0.35 mg/L, the median ratio was 2.08 at plasma clozapine concentrations > 1.0 mg/L. Data (median, 10th-90th percentile) for both clozapine and norclozapine by prescribed clozapine dose band are useful in assessing partial adherence. Analysis of the plasma clozapine:norclozapine ratio by clozapine concentration provides clear evidence that clozapine N-demethylation becomes saturated at higher plasma clozapine concentrations and adds urgency to the requirement for dose adjustment should smoking habit change. A clozapine:norclozapine ratio greater then 2 suggests either a nontrough sample, or that clozapine N-demethylation has become saturated.
Effects of Overpressure on Hearing Function in Meniere's Disease (1987)

The relationship between ambient pressure changes and hearing function was investigated in 14 patients with well-defined sensorineural hearing losses caused by Meniere's disease. The period of exposure to pressure changes varied individually between one and 4 months. The evaluation of hearing function was made by means of pure-tone audiometry, speech discrimination tests and psychoacoustic measurements of the inner ear frequency selectivity. Significant changes were found in the hearing parameters in relation to the period of pressure application. The use of psychoacoustic tuning curves allowed spatial observations on changes in the frequency selectivity. This method proved to be of particular value in the assessment of the inner ear function in Meniere's disease. The results support the hypothesis that the use of overpressure creates a change in the hydrodynamic properties of the cochlea, reflected in an improvement of the inner ear frequency analysis.
Simulation of the data transmission for an ROV (2002)

The aim of the work described in this paper is to model an ultrasonic data communications link between a base station and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), named Pipe Rover, inside a water filled pipe. Due to the complex interaction between the ROV and the environmental components, an emphasis is placed on the simulation of the acoustic channel. The authors present results derived from the mathematical modeling of the pipe system and its inter-relationship with the sensor beam patterns.
Retinal degeneration depends on Bmi1 function and reactivation of cell cycle proteins (2013)

The epigenetic regulator Bmi1 controls proliferation in many organs. Reexpression of cell cycle proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is a hallmark of neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we address the potential role of Bmi1 as a key regulator of cell cycle proteins during neuronal apoptosis. We show that several cell cycle proteins are expressed in different models of retinal degeneration and required in the Rd1 photoreceptor death process. Deleting E2f1, a downstream target of CDKs, provided temporary protection in Rd1 mice. Most importantly, genetic ablation of Bmi1 provided extensive photoreceptor survival and improvement of retinal function in Rd1 mice, mediated by a decrease in cell cycle markers and regulators independent of p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf). These data reveal that Bmi1 controls the cell cycle-related death process, highlighting this pathway as a promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection in retinal dystrophies.