gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation of radiosonde pressure sensor errors to ozonesonde measurements (2014)

Abstract. Several previous studies highlight pressure (or equivalently, pressure altitude) discrepancies between the radiosonde pressure sensor and that derived from a GPS flown with the radiosonde. The offsets vary during the ascent both in absolute and percent pressure differences. To investigate this problem further, a total of 731 radiosonde/ozonesonde launches from the Southern Hemisphere subtropics to northern mid-latitudes are considered, with launches between 2005 and 2013 from both longer term and campaign-based intensive stations. Five series of radiosondes from two manufacturers (International Met Systems: iMet, iMet-P, iMet-S, and Vaisala: RS80-15N and RS92-SGP) are analyzed to determine the magnitude of the pressure offset. Additionally, electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes from three manufacturers (Science Pump Corporation; SPC and ENSCI/Droplet Measurement Technologies; DMT) are analyzed to quantify the effects these offsets have on the calculation of ECC ozone (O3) mixing ratio profiles (O3MR) from the ozonesonde-measured partial pressure. Approximately half of all offsets are > ±0.6 hPa in the free troposphere, with nearly a third > ±1.0 hPa at 26 km, where the 1.0 hPa error represents ~ 5% of the total atmospheric pressure. Pressure offsets have negligible effects on O3MR below 20 km (96% of launches lie within ±5% O3MR error at 20 km). Ozone mixing ratio errors above 10 hPa (~ 30 km), can approach greater than ±10% (> 25% of launches that reach 30 km exceed this threshold). These errors cause disagreement between the integrated ozonesonde-only column O3 from the GPS and radiosonde pressure profile by an average of +6.5 DU. Comparisons of total column O3 between the GPS and radiosonde pressure profiles yield average differences of +1.1 DU when the O3 is integrated to burst with addition of the McPeters and Labow (2012) above-burst O3 column climatology. Total column differences are reduced to an average of −0.5 DU when the O3 profile is integrated to 10 hPa with subsequent addition of the O3 climatology above 10 hPa. The RS92 radiosondes are superior in performance compared to other radiosondes, with average 26 km errors of −0.12 hPa or +0.61% O3MR error. iMet-P radiosondes had average 26 km errors of −1.95 hPa or +8.75 % O3MR error. Based on our analysis, we suggest that ozonesondes always be coupled with a GPS-enabled radiosonde and that pressure-dependent variables, such as O3MR, be recalculated/reprocessed using the GPS-measured altitude, especially when 26 km pressure offsets exceed ±1.0 hPa/±5%.
An immunopathologic study of a 330-kD protein defined by monoclonal antibodies and reactive with anti-RTE alpha 5 antibodies and kidney eluates from active Heymann nephritis. (1986)

There is evidence indicating that the glomerular Ig deposits of Heymann's nephritis (HN)--a model of epimembranous glomerulonephritis--may be formed at least in part in situ by binding of free circulating antibody with brush border (BB) antigen expressed by glomerular epithelial cells. In this work, we provide evidence that a 330-kD protein defined by seven monoclonal antibodies is responsible for HN. 1) Ig eluted from glomeruli of rats with HN induced classically with crude BB preparation bind specifically the 330-kD antigen; 2) passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies induces epimembranous glomerular Ig deposits; 3) active immunization with the 330-kD antigen induces proteinuric glomerulonephritis; 4) the 330-kD antigen was present in the nephritogenic preparation purified by Edgington, Glassock, and Dixon, because it was identified by the corresponding heterologous antisera. These results, obtained by a completely different approach, confirm and extend those of Kerjaschki and Farquhar and provide a link with the classical studies on HN.
Impact of mutations in hemA and hemH genes on pyoverdine production by Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC17400 (2001)

A Pseudomonas fluorescens Tn5 mutant, with decreased production of the siderophore pyoverdine, was obtained, with the transposon inserted in the hemA gene coding for glutamyl tRNA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of heme biosynthesis. Since this mutant was leaky, a second round of transposition was needed to obtain a second mutant completely auxotrophic for the heme precursor δ-aminolevulinate (ALA). Pyoverdine production by this mutant is ALA-dependent at concentrations above those needed to sustain growth. A transposon mutant in the hemH gene that encodes the enzyme ferrochelatase showing a characteristic red fluorescence upon UV exposure as a result of porphyrins accumulation, was obtained by selecting transconjugants on LB medium containing hemin. The ΔhemH mutant was characterized and the corresponding hemH gene sequenced. Antibodies against P. fluorescens HemH detected the protein both in soluble and membrane fractions of the wild-type and confirmed the absence of the enzyme in the mutant. The ΔhemH mutant failed to produce pyoverdine, but the production of the siderophore was restored by introduction of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa hemH gene in trans. These results indicate that de novo heme biosynthesis is needed for a normal level of siderophore pyoverdine production.
CD73-Generated Adenosine: Orchestrating the Tumor-Stroma Interplay to Promote Cancer Growth (2012)

Despite the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, clinical benefits are still modest. An important barrier to successful cancer immunotherapy is that tumors employ a number of mechanisms to facilitate immune escape, including the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the recruitment of regulatory immune subsets, and the production of immunosuppressive metabolites. Significant therapeutic opportunity exists in targeting these immunosuppressive pathways. One such immunosuppressive pathway is the production of extracellular adenosine by CD73, an ectonucleotidase overexpressed in various types of cancer. We hereafter review the biology of CD73 and its role in cancer progression and metastasis. We describe the role of extracellular adenosine in promoting tumor growth through paracrine and autocrine action on tumor cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells.
Chromofluorescent Probes for Selective Detection of Fluoride and Acetate Ions (2008)

Chromofluorescent probe 2 has been developed for selective and ratiometric estimation of F(-) (CH(3)CN) ions. The presence of a lipophilic dodecyl appendage at imidazolium nitrogen in 3 successfully allows the selective determination of AcO(-) ions in protic (CHCl(3)-MeOH, 1:1) solvent.
Gemcitabine Overcomes Erlotinib Resistance in EGFR-Overexpressing Cancer Cells through Downregulation of Akt (2011)

A phase III clinical trial showed gemcitabine chemotherapy combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib significantly improved overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we studied whether addition of gemcitabine to erlotinib in cancer cells having intrinsic or acquired erlotinib resistance could restore chemosensitization in these cells. We studied the synergistic effect of erlotinib and gemcitabine in EGFR-overexpressing A-431 cells with acquired erlotinib resistance and in intrinsic erlotinib-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) BT-549, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Erlotinib and gemcitabine were synergistic in both parental intrinsically erlotinib-sensitive A-431 cells (combination index = 0.69 at the effective dose [ED(50)]) and in two A-431 cell pools that had acquired erlotinib resistance (combination indices = 0.63 and 0.49 at ED(50)). The synergistic effect of erlotinib and gemcitabine on cancer cells did not require sensitivity to erlotinib provided that erlotinib can inhibit EGFR. The restoration of sensitivity by gemcitabine occurred through downregulation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), which suggests that PI3K-PTEN-Akt activity is important to the synergism between the two agents. In A-431 parental cells, treatment with gemcitabine followed by erlotinib - but not the reverse sequence - was superior to erlotinib alone. The importance of the order of administration maybe due to the downregulation of p-Akt by gemcitabine in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cells with intrinsic or acquired erlotinib resistance. Our data show that gemcitabine increased the cytotoxic effect of erlotinib by downregulating p-Akt in EGFR-overexpressing cells with either intrinsic or acquired erlotinib resistance.
Towards users driven privacy control (2005)

For widely available and acceptable dynamic Web and mobile applications, users privacy concerns should be well considered and effectively maintained. Users should be able to control their private information collection by most Web applications and third parties. A functional architecture is proposed that allows users to automatically control coming requests for their private information either based on fuzzy reasoning or by predefined users privacy preferences. In addition, users are given manual control capabilities in cases of uncertain automatic behavior. The proposed approach has been implemented in the MIES platform in the university campus. Results obtained are promising.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION OF 2‐PHENYLETHYL ISOCYANATES (1978)

Abstract Das Isocyanat (II) cyclisiert sich mit Triethyloxoniumtetrafluoroborat ohne Lösungsmittel (nicht in Methylenchlorid) zum Isochinolon (I), ebenso mit Bortrifluorid‐ Etherat (38% Ausb.) oder AlCl 3 in Tetrachlorethan (32%); dagegen wird mit Polyphosphorsäure (PPA) das Monocyclisierungsprodukt (m) erhalten.
An efficient metric normalization architecture for high-speed low-power viterbi decoder (2007)

In this paper, a new efficient metric normali zation architecture called High Bit Clear is proposed for a high throughput and low power Viterbi Decoder (VD). The proposed High Bit Clear normalization circuit not only normalizes all of the survivor path metrics, but also operates as close as the Add-Compare-Select (ACS) iteration bound possibly with a small area overhead. After we verified the function and made the platform by FPGA, we also used United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) 0.18μm 1.8V 1P6M Standard Cell Library to implement it.
Using Message-Driven Objects to Mask Latency in Grid Computing Applications (2005)

One of the attractive features of grid computing is that resources in geographically distant places can be mobilized to meet computational needs as they arise. A particularly challenging issue is that of executing a single application across multiple machines that are separated by large distances. While certain classes of applications such as pipeline style or master-slave style applications may run well in grid computing environments with little or no modification, tightly-coupled applications require significant work to achieve good performance. In this paper, we demonstrate that message-driven objects, implemented in the Charm++ and adaptive MPI systems, can be used to mask the effects of latency in grid computing environments without requiring modification of application software. We examine a simple five-point stencil decomposition application as well as a more complex molecular dynamics application running in an environment in which arbitrary artificial latencies can be induced between pairs of nodes. Performance of the applications running under artificial latencies are compared to the performance of the applications running across TeraGrid nodes located at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Argonne National Laboratory.
Long-Term Variability of Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women and Implications for Their Clinical Use: The OFELY Study (2003)

Serum levels of bone formation and resorption markers are stable over 4 years in postmenopausal women, on average. The majority of women classified as having high bone turnover were similarly classified by the same methods 4 years later. However, 20-30% of these women at risk for fracture would be incorrectly classified, suggesting that further investigation would be required to reduce the number of patients who would be treated unnecessarily if the decision was made on bone marker measurement. For women with intermediate levels, classification may be improved by a second measurement or by combining two markers.
H‐<i>ras</i> oncogene point mutations in arthritic synovium (1997)

Activation of proto-oncogene H-ras by point mutation in codons 13 and 14 occurred in the synovial tissue of patients with RA, OA, or other arthropathies, as well as, to some extent, in the control synovia, indicating that the phenomenon is not specific for RA. In codon 14, incidence of the H-ras point mutation was highest in OA tissue. The possible significance of this codon 14-mutated H-ras gene needs to be clarified.
A Framework for Analysis of Computational Imaging Systems: Role of Signal Prior, Sensor Noise and Multiplexing (2014)

Over the last decade, a number of computational imaging (CI) systems have been proposed for tasks such as motion deblurring, defocus deblurring and multispectral imaging. These techniques increase the amount of light reaching the sensor via multiplexing and then undo the deleterious effects of multiplexing by appropriate reconstruction algorithms. Given the widespread appeal and the considerable enthusiasm generated by these techniques, a detailed performance analysis of the benefits conferred by this approach is important. Unfortunately, a detailed analysis of CI has proven to be a challenging problem because performance depends equally on three components: (1) the optical multiplexing, (2) the noise characteristics of the sensor, and (3) the reconstruction algorithm which typically uses signal priors. A few recent papers [12], [30], [49] have performed analysis taking multiplexing and noise characteristics into account. However, analysis of CI systems under state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms, most of which exploit signal prior models, has proven to be unwieldy. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis framework incorporating all three components. In order to perform this analysis, we model the signal priors using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). A GMM prior confers two unique characteristics. First, GMM satisfies the universal approximation property which says that any prior density function can be approximated to any fidelity using a GMM with appropriate number of mixtures. Second, a GMM prior lends itself to analytical tractability allowing us to derive simple expressions for the `minimum mean square error' (MMSE) which we use as a metric to characterize the performance of CI systems. We use our framework to analyze several previously proposed CI techniques (focal sweep, flutter shutter, parabolic exposure, etc.), giving conclusive answer to the question: `How much performance gain is due to use of a signal prior and how much is due to multiplexing? Our analysis also clearly shows that multiplexing provides significant performance gains above and beyond the gains obtained due to use of signal priors.
Incidence and risk of pulmonary toxicity in patients treated with mTOR inhibitors for malignancy. A meta-analysis of published trials (2012)

The high grade PT is a rare event and 10% of patients may experience mild grade toxicity with a worsening of quality of life and interruption of therapy in some cases. We recommend monitoring of PT in patients treated with mTOR inhibitors.
Blue-green algae and rice (1980)

Blue-green algae and rice , Blue-green algae and rice , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Aflatoxin occurrence in some white corn under loan, 1971. III. association with bright greenish-yellow fluorescence in corn (1975)

Studies were made on the relation between the occurrence in white corn samples from 1283 truckloads of Commodity Credit Corporation corn delivered at an elevator in southeastern Missouri of bright greenish-yellow (BGY) fluorescence under UV light (365 nm) and the presence and levels of aflatoxin. Although numbers of BGY fluorescing particles were related to levels of aflatoxin, the BGY fluorescent test could not be used to determine levels of toxin. Of the 10 lb whole-kernel corn samples having at least one BGY fluorescing corn particle or kernel, 55% contained measurable aflatoxin; 28% contained >20 ppb (parts/billion) toxin, the present FDA guideline. The analytical method was sensitive to 1-3 ppb aflatoxin. Of the corn samples that had >20 fluorescing kernels and particles, 95% were contaminated with aflatoxin. 65% of them had >20 ppb toxin. Cracking corn before UV light (365 nm) inspection revealed more samples with BGY fluorescence, and 19% of these contained >1-3 ppb aflatoxin. [See FSTA (1975) 07 11M1293 for part II.]
Video Coding with Motion-Compensated Temporal Transforms and Side Information (2006)

We address the problem of coding video signals in the presence of correlated video side information. The correlated video signals may originate from cameras that monitor the same scene from different view points. We utilize motion-compensated temporal wavelet transforms to decorrelate the video signals in the temporal direction. One camera signal provides the side information to improve the coding of the second camera signal. The side information is utilized in the transform domain after disparity compensation in the image domain. Given the correlation of the video side information, we investigate the bit rate reduction for the video coding scheme. Interestingly, the efficiency of multi-view side information is dependent on the level of temporal decorrelation: For a given correlation-SNR of the side information, bit rate savings due to side information decrease with improved temporal decorrelation.
Chemical Durability Studies of Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Polymers and Model Compounds under Mimic Fuel Cell Conditions (2007)

Peroxide radical treatments of a perfluorinated ionomer used in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and its small molecule analogues were carried out, along with analysis of the resultant products. Molecules containing terminal carboxylic acids degraded at least 1 order of magnitude faster than noncarboxylate materials; all of the systems did show peroxide-initiated degradation nonetheless. Product analysis suggests that terminal carboxylic acids react according to a sequential chain shortening, consistent with previous studies. Cleavage of side chains from both polymer and model compounds was also observed to be important and in fact may be the dominate pathway in low carboxyl content commercial PEM membranes, based on the following comparison of reactivity and concentration. The relative reactivities of carboxylic chain ends and ether linkages is approximately 500, as calculated using model compounds fluoride generation rates. Commercial perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) products contain minimal carboxylic acid end groups, and the side chain concentrations are of 2−3 orders of magnitude higher than carboxylic acid end groups.
Stepping closer to treating Alzheimer’s disease patients with BACE1 inhibitor drugs (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-dependent neurodegenerative disease which impairs cognitive function and gradually causes patients to be unable to lead normal daily lives. While the etiology of AD remains an enigma, excessive accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is widely believed to induce pathological changes and cause dementia in brains of AD patients. BACE1 was discovered to initiate the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β-secretase site. Only after this cleavage does γ-secretase further cleave the BACE1-cleaved C-terminal APP fragment to release Aβ. Hence, blocking BACE1 proteolytic activity will suppress Aβ generation. Due to the linkage of Aβ to the potential cause of AD, extensive discovery and development efforts have been directed towards potent BACE1 inhibitors for AD therapy. With the recent breakthrough in developing brain-penetrable BACE1 inhibitors, targeting amyloid deposition-mediated pathology for AD therapy has now become more practical. This review will summarize various strategies that have successfully led to the discovery of BACE1 drugs, such as MK8931, AZD-3293, JNJ-54861911, E2609 and CNP520. These drugs are currently in clinical trials and their updated states will be discussed. With the promise of reducing Aβ generation and deposition with no alarming safety concerns, the amyloid cascade hypothesis in AD therapy may finally become validated.
An<i>in situ</i>heater for a phase-change-material-based actuation system (2010)

This paper reports efforts to develop paraffin actuators that rely on a phase change to achieve actuation. While paraffin phase-change actuators have existed for some time, this work relies on heating the paraffin in situ, rather than using external heaters. Graphite is used to create an in situ heater that utilizes resistive heating as a voltage is applied across the graphite–paraffin wax mixture. The main motivation behind this work is to reduce the actuation time and power required. An added advantage of the developed in situ heater is the use of printed circuit board technology to fabricate the prototypes rapidly and in a cost-effective manner. A video microscope and IR camera are used to characterize the performance of the actuators built in this work. Different compositions of graphite in paraffin wax are used to measure the actuator performance characteristics such as actuation time, actuation height and power required. Both dc and a pulsed power input are used to test the prototypes. Comparison with a similar actuator that utilizes a thin film heater shows a 90% reduction in actuation time for similar power usage. The actuator developed as part of this work resulted in 0.577 mm dot height at 0.69 W power input in 6 s translating to ∼4 J/actuation for an actuator chamber of 2.82 µL. A new performance metric, 'effective actuation time (W s−1 mm−4)', is used to compare the performance of this technology with other phase-change-material-based actuators, and the actuator developed in this work is found to be 10 to 200 times better.
The Synthesis of Mercaptans from Olefin Sulfides. II<sup>1,2</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Mercaptans from Olefin Sulfides. II1,2H. R. Snyder, John M. Stewart, and J. B. ZieglerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2675–2677Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts