gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of N-substituted maleimides by direct coupling of alkyl or aralkyl halides with heavy metal salts of maleimide (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of N-substituted maleimides by direct coupling of alkyl or aralkyl halides with heavy metal salts of maleimideArthur L. Schwartz and Leon M. LernerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 1, 21–23Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00915a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00915a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1274Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current status of haemophilia gene therapy (2014)

After many reports of successful gene therapy studies in small and large animal models of haemophilia, we have, at last, seen the first signs of success in human patients. These very encouraging results have been achieved with the use of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors in patients with severe haemophilia B. Following on from these initial promising studies, there are now three ongoing trials of AAV-mediated gene transfer in haemophilia B all aiming to express the factor IX gene from the liver. Nevertheless, as discussed in the first section of this article, there are still a number of significant hurdles to overcome if haemophilia B gene therapy is to become more widely available. The second section of this article deals with the challenges relating to factor VIII gene transfer. While the recent results in haemophilia B are extremely encouraging, there is, as yet, no similar data for factor VIII gene therapy. It is widely accepted that this therapeutic target will be significantly more problematic for a variety of reasons including accommodating the larger factor VIII cDNA, achieving adequate levels of transgene expression and preventing the far more frequent complication of antifactor VIII immunity. In the final section of the article, the alternative approach of lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer is discussed. While AAV-mediated approaches to transgene delivery have led the way in clinical haemophilia gene therapy, there are still a number of potential advantages of using an alternative delivery vehicle including the fact that ex vivo host cell transduction will avoid the likelihood of immune responses to the vector. Overall, these are exciting times for haemophilia gene therapy with the likelihood of further clinical successes in the near future.
Characterization of optically actuated MRI-compatible active needles for medical interventions (2014)

The development of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatible optically-actuated active needle for guided percutaneous surgery and biopsy procedures is described. Electrically passive MRI-compatible actuation in the small diameter needle is provided by non-magnetic materials including a shape memory alloy (SMA) subject to precise fiber laser operation that can be from a remote (e.g., MRI control room) location. Characterization and optimization of the needle is facilitated using optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors arrays. Active bending of the needle during insertion allows the needle to be accurately guided to even relatively small targets in an organ while avoiding obstacles and overcoming undesirable deviations away from the planned path due to unforeseen or unknowable tissue interactions. This feature makes the needle especially suitable for use in image-guided surgical procedures (ranging from MRI to CT and ultrasound) when accurate targeting is imperative for good treatment outcomes. Such interventions include reaching small tumors in biopsies, delineating freezing areas in, for example, cryosurgery and improving the accuracy of seed placement in brachytherapy. Particularly relevant are prostate procedures, which may be subject to pubic arch interference. Combining diagnostic imaging and actuation assisted biopsy into one treatment can obviate the need for a second exam for guided biopsy, shorten overall procedure times (thus increasing operating room efficiencies), address healthcare reimbursement constraints and, most importantly, improve patient comfort and clinical outcomes.
Long-range photoinduced electron transfer in an associated but non-covalently linked photosynthetic model system (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLong-range photoinduced electron transfer in an associated but non-covalently linked photosynthetic model systemJonathan L. Sessler, Bing Wang, and Anthony HarrimanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 10418–10419Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
<title>Pitch catch ultrasonic bond sensor for the in-situ tow placement consolidation of thermoplastic laminates</title> (1999)

A nondestructive sensor for on-line inspection of laminated composites was developed. In particular, we have developed a repeatable, low cost method for sensing poorly bonded plies as a thermoplastic laminated composite part is formed. The sensor consists of two piezoelectric transducers mounted in a `pitch catch' arrangement. One transducer transmits an ultrasonic signal and the other receives the signal. Each transducer is mounted on a Acrylic wedge. The Acrylic wedge, in turn, is mounted on a steel wedge. The Acrylic wedge angle is selected so as to excite a Rayleigh wave in the steel wedge. The steel wedge introduces the Rayleigh wave into the composite via Hertzian contact. There is no couplant at the composite surface. Received signals have been analyzed for frequency shift, frequency filtering, attenuation and changes in wave speed. Of these signal analysis methods, the most consistent indicators of poorly bonded regions are signal attenuation and wave speed. Selected results from an extensive experimental study are described. These results indicate that the Rayleigh wave speed and amplitude are indicative of the bond strength of a ply near the surface of the composite.
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila αPS2 Integrin Subunit Reveals Discrete Adhesive, Morphogenetic and Sarcomeric Functions (1998)

The integrin family of cell surface receptors mediates cell-substrate and cell-to-cell adhesion and transmits intracellular signals. In Drosophila there is good evidence for an adhesive role of integrins, but evidence for integrin signalling has remained elusive. Each integrin is an alphabeta heterodimer, and the Drosophila betaPS subunit forms at least two integrins by association with different alpha subunits: alphaPS1betaPS (PS1) and alphaPS2betaPS (PS2). The complex pattern of PS2 integrin expression includes, but is more extensive than, the sites where PS2 has a known requirement. In order to investigate whether PS2 integrin is required at these additional sites and/or has functions besides mediating adhesion, a comprehensive genetic analysis of inflated, the gene that encodes alphaPS2, was performed. We isolated 35 new inflated alleles, and obtained 10 alleles from our colleagues. The majority of alleles are amorphs (36/45) or hypomorphs (4/45), but five alleles that affect specific developmental processes were identified. Interallelic complementation between these alleles suggests that some may affect distinct functional domains of the alphaPS2 protein, which specify particular interactions that promote adhesion or signalling. One new allele reveals that the PS2 integrin is required for the development of the adult halteres and legs as well as the wing.
A Framework for Discrete Integral Transformations II—The 2D Discrete Radon Transform (2008)

Although naturally at the heart of many fundamental physical computations, and potentially useful in many important image processing tasks, the Radon transform lacks a coherent discrete definition for two-dimensional (2D) discrete images which is algebraically exact, invertible, and rapidly computable. We define a notion of 2D discrete Radon transforms for 2D discrete images, which is based on summation along lines of absolute slope less than 1. Values at nongrid locations are defined using trigonometric interpolation on a zero-padded grid. Our definition is shown to be geometrically faithful: the summation avoids wrap-around effects. Our proposal uses a special collection of lines in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ for which the transform is rapidly computable and invertible. We describe a fast algorithm using $O(N\log{N})$ operations, where $N =n^{2}$ is the number of pixels in the image. The fast algorithm exploits a discrete projection-slice theorem, which associates the discrete Radon transform with the pseudopolar Fourier transform [A. Averbuch et al., SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30 (2008), pp. 764–784]. Our definition for discrete images converges to a natural continuous counterpart with increasing refinement.
An Implementation of AES Algorithm with the Multiple Spaces Random Key Pre-Distribution Scheme on MOTE-KIT 5040 (2006)

Wireless sensor networks introduce a new way for us to interact with the physical environment. Since wireless sensor networks use radio frequency as the communication medium, chances for the information retrieved by unexpected people are becoming easier and easier. In wireless sensor networks the resources are limited; it seems that AES is a good solution for this communication problem. Beside, a good key predistribution scheme is needed to solve the key agreement problem in wireless sensor networks. The main goal of this work is to implement an AES algorithm with the key pre-distribution scheme proposed by Du et al. on MOTE-KIT 5040 produced by Crossbow Technology. Under our implementation, the actual time of computing a 64-bit secret key is shorter than Du et al.’s and the performance of AES algorithm is better than the AES Proposal.
QCSEE under-the-wing engine acoustic data (1982)

Both an over-the-wing (OTW) and an under-the-wing (UTW) experimental engine are discussed. The UTW engine had a variable-geometry fan exhaust nozzle and a variable-pitch fan that provided quick-response reverse thrust capability. An automatic digital control enabled optimal engine operation under all steady-state conditions as well as during forward and reverse thrust transient operation. The engine was tested at the Engine Noise Test Facility alone and with wind and flap segments to simulate an installation on a short-haul transport aircraft. The engine acoustic configuration was varied to give 14 test configurations. All of the acoustic test results from the UTW program at Lewis are presented as 1/3-octave-band sound pressure level (SPL) tabulations for all of the test points and some narrow-band spectra and 1/3-octave-band data plots for selected conditions.
Intracellular sphingosine 1‐phosphate mediates the increased excitability produced by nerve growth factor in rat sensory neurons (2006)

Our previous studies found that nerve growth factor (NGF), via ceramide, enhanced the number of action potentials (APs) evoked by a ramp of depolarizing current in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. Ceramide can be metabolized by ceramidase to sphingosine (Sph), and Sph to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase. It is well established that each of these products of sphingomyelin metabolism can act as intracellular signalling molecules. This raises the question as to whether the enhanced excitability produced by NGF was mediated directly by ceramide or required additional metabolism to Sph and/or S1P. Sph applied externally did not affect the neuronal excitability, whereas internally perfused Sph augmented the number of APs evoked by the depolarizing ramp. Furthermore, internally perfused S1P enhanced the number of evoked APs. This sensitizing action of NGF, ceramide and internally perfused Sph was abolished by dimethylsphingosine (DMS), an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase. In contrast, internally perfused S1P enhanced the number of evoked APs in the presence of DMS. These observations support the idea that the metabolism of ceramide/Sph to S1P is critical for the sphingolipid-induced modulation of excitability. Both internally perfused Sph and S1P inhibited the outward K+ current by 25-35% for the step to +60 mV. The Sph- and S1P-sensitive currents had very similar current-voltage relations, suggesting that they were likely to be the same. In addition, the Sph-induced suppression of the K+ current was blocked by pretreatment with DMS. These findings demonstrate that intracellular S1P derived from ceramide acts as an internal second messenger to regulate membrane excitability; however, the effector system whereby S1P modulates excitability remains undetermined.
Mast Cells Density Positive to Tryptase Correlates with Angiogenesis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Having Undergone Surgery (2014)

Background . Literature data suggest that cells such as mast cells (MCs), are involved in angiogenesis. MCs can stimulate angiogenesis by releasing of several proangiogenic cytokines stored in their cytoplasm. In particular MCs can release tryptase, a potent in vivo and in vitro proangiogenic factor. Nevertheless few data are available concerning the role of MCs positive to tryptase in primary pancreatic cancer angiogenesis. This study analyzed MCs and angiogenesis in primary tumour tissue from patients affected by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Method . A series of 31 PDAC patients with stage<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>N</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>M</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>(by AJCC for Pancreas Cancer Staging 7th Edition) was selected and then underwent surgery. Tumour tissue samples were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods in terms of number of MCs positive to tryptase (MCDPT), area occupied by MCs positive to tryptase (MCAPT), microvascular density (MVD), and endothelial area (EA). The above parameters were related to each other and to the main clinicopathological features. Results . A significant correlation between MCDPT, MCAPT, MVD, and EA group was found by Pearson’s<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-test analysis (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>ranged from 0.69 to 0.81;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>value ranged from 0.001 to 0.003). No other significant correlation was found. Conclusion . Our pilot data suggest that MCs positive to tryptase may play a role in PDAC angiogenesis and they could be further evaluated as a novel tumour biomarker and as a target of antiangiogenic therapy.
Nonlinear optical down- and up-conversion in PPLN waveguides for mid-infrared spectroscopy (2009)

Middle-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in the 2 to 4 µm spectral range is a powerful tool in particular for environmental analysis and monitoring. However, this method suffers from missing compact, tuneable, coherent light sources and sensitive detectors. To overcome these problems to a certain extent we demonstrate consecutive nonlinear wavelength down- and up-conversion in Ti-indiffused periodically poled lithium niobate (Ti:PPLN) waveguides to generate and to detect MIR radiation [1]. In detail, nonlinear difference frequency generation (DFG) using pump and signal sources in the near infrared (NIR) is used in the transmitter. On the receiver side, we apply sum-frequency generation (SFG) to reconvert the MIR signal to the NIR.
Nanomedicines in renal transplant rejection ? focus on sirolimus (2007)

Nanomedicine, known as the application of nanotechnology in medicine, has been applied to overcome the problems of poor bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo stability, and targeted delivery in the preparation of pharmaceutical products. Sirolimus, a water-insoluble immunosuppressant, has been formulated into an oral solid dosage form by using NanoCrystal technology to increase the water solubility and thereby the bioavailability. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties are not significantly different between liquid and solid formulations except that less fluctuation of sirolimus blood concentration was observed in solid dosage form. The tablet formulation offers the advantages of better palatability and more convenience for long-term use. Sirolimus tablets are not only a successful example of nanomedicine, but also a more cost-effective treatment in renal transplantation than cyclosporine and tacrolimus.
A Novel Constant Power Control Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast (2007)

This paper presents a constant power control circuit for a three-stage high intensity discharge (HID) electronic ballast. The three-stage electronic ballast is composed of a boost pre-regulator to achieve high power factor, a dc-dc buck converter to regulate lamp current with constant lamp power, and a full-bridge inverter to drive the HID lamp with a low frequency ac square wave current. The buck converter operating in current mode utilizes current sense level-shift technique to achieve constant power output. The proposed constant power control circuit is easily designed and implemented for the three-stage HID electronic ballast. Finally, a laboratory prototype of a 70-W HID electronic ballast is implemented. The measured results show that the proposed ballast can be applied for various HID lamps with low lamp power variation (less than 0.6%)
Notes on oil development in the seed of a growing plant (1931)

Research Article| January 01 1931 Notes on oil development in the seed of a growing plant John Vargas Eyre John Vargas Eyre Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1931) 25 (6): 1902–1908. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0251902 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John Vargas Eyre; Notes on oil development in the seed of a growing plant. Biochem J 1 January 1931; 25 (6): 1902–1908. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0251902 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1931 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1931 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A New Algorithm for Detecting Text Line in Handwritten Documents (2006)

Curvilinear text line detection and segmentation in handwritten documents is a significant challenge for handwriting recognition. Given no prior knowledge of script, we model text line detection as an image segmentation problem by enhancing text line structure using a Gaussian window, and adopting the level set method to evolve text line boundaries. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy for detecting text lines in both handwritten and machine printed documents with many scripts.
A Lightweight Imaged Based Bridge Inspection System Using Fishing Pole, Fishing Line and Fisheye Camera (2011)

A Lightweight Imaged Based Bridge Inspection System Using Fishing Pole, Fishing Line and Fisheye Camera Yi Chu Chen, Shih Chung Kang, Chi En Yang Pages 813-817 (2011 Proceedings of the 28th ISARC, Seoul, Korea, ISBN 978-89-954572-4-5, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Visual inspection is currently the major approach to evaluate the structural condition of a bridge. Some researchers have done good work on applying special inspection vehicles and robot arms to increase the efficiency and reachability of inspection process. However, such heavy equipment is highly restricted in working space and is hard to deploy. In this research, we designed and implemented a portable device to facilitate the inspection. The proposed system is lightweight (approx. 350g), including fisheye lens, a camera and a transmitter for real-time transmission of inspection data. We rig the system using a fishing pole. This cable-based design greatly reduces the weight of the inspection system, allowing inspectors to carry and deploy the device easily. A software system, which can control the motion of device and process the vision information gathered from the camera, was also developed for a laptop computer. The proposed system is expected to replace and enhance current bridge inspection methods. Keywords: Bridge Inspection, Portable Device, Real-time Vision, Fisheye Camera DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2011/0151 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley