gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of antigen presentation by lymph node cells from protein and peptide-primed mice. (1993)

Lymph node cells from mice primed with peptides from the allergens Der p I and Der p II (the group I and II allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were unable to recall responses to the protein antigen when cultured in vitro despite being able to mount large responses to the peptides. The T cells could however recall responses to the protein when spleen-adherent cells were added into culture. Treating the spleen accessory cells with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 33D1 and complement largely abrogated the protein response of peptide-primed T cells which indicates that dendritic cells were mainly responsible for the antigen-presenting function. If mice were primed with two injections of peptide the lymph node cells obtained could respond to both protein and peptides in vitro without the need for exogenous accessory cells. Using either negative depletion with the J11D mAb or positive purification, it was found that the presentation of protein antigen to lymph node T cells primed with either protein or peptide was limited to antigen-specific B cells. Peptide antigens could however be presented by both B and non-B populations. In one case the peptide 105-129 from Der p II which contains a T-cell epitope could not be shown to induce T-cell responses in the lymph node unless presentation was mediated by spleen-adherent or B-specific cells. These results are important for peptide-based immunomodulation and in interpreting results obtained from lymph node cultures.
Prevention of Contrast Media-Induced Renal Dysfunction With Prostaglandin E 1 : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2001)

Preexisting renal impairment is an all-encompassing risk factor for radiocontrast-associated nephrotoxicity. Renal impairment appears to be associated with the inadequate production of renal prostaglandins at the critical time of radiocontrast administration and for a variable time period afterward. We prospectively studied 130 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dL) who were undergoing radiocontrast administration. Using a double-blind, randomized, prospective technique, patients were assigned to either placebo or one of three prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) treatment groups (10, 20, or 40 ng/kg/min). Infusion was started 60 +/- 30 minutes before the administration of radiocontrast and was continued for a total of 6 hours. In the placebo group, radiocontrast administration resulted in a mean increase (+/- SD) in serum creatinine of 0.72 +/- 1.15 mg/dL at 48 hours. This increase was less in each of the PGE1 treatment groups after 48 hours, with a significant difference between placebo and the 20 ng/kg/min PGE1 group (P = 0.01). Using baseline adjusted means, analysis of covariance with baseline serum creatinine as the covariable demonstrated significant differences between the placebo and 20 ng/kg/min PGE1 group (P = 0.03) and between the placebo and 10 ng/kg/min PGE1 group P = 0.047). In a subgroup analysis of the diabetic patients, the increase in serum creatinine was less pronounced in the three PGE1 groups versus the placebo group, and the 20 ng/kg/min PGE1 group had the most favorable outcome. The parenteral administration of PGE1 immediately before radiocontrast exposure and continued for a period of 5 to 5.5 hours significantly reduced the elevation of serum creatinine poststudy. The most effective of the three PGE1 dosing regimens was 20 ng/kg/min.
<i>Agrobacterium</i>‐Mediated Genetic Transformation of Switchgrass (2002)

ABSTRACT Although Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been successfully used to transfer genes to a wide range of plant species, it has received little attention for transformation of forage grasses. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to demonstrate Agrobacterium ‐mediated transformation of switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.). The A. tumefaciens strain AGL 1 carrying the binary vector pDM805, coding for the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase ( bar ) and β‐glucuronidase ( gus ) genes, was utilized in these experiments. Somatic embryos, embryogenic calluses, mature caryopses, and plantlet segments served as target tissues for infection. Treated cultures were selected in the presence of 10 mg L −1 bialaphos and the resultant plantlets were treated with the herbicide Basta [monoammonium 2‐amino‐4(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoate]. T‐DNA delivery efficiency was affected by genotype, explant used and the presence or absence of acetosyringone (3′,5′‐dimethoxy‐4′‐hydroxyacetophenone) during inoculation and cocultivation. Approximately 600 transgenic plants were produced, and transformation efficiencies ranged from 0 to nearly 100%. Stable integration, expression, and inheritance of both transgenes were confirmed by molecular and genetic analyses. Approximately 90% of the tested plants appeared to have only one or two copies of the T‐DNA inserts. Controlled crosses between T 0 and nontransgenic ‘Alamo’ plants indicated the expected ratio of 1:1 (transgenic:nontransgenic) in T 1 plants for both transgenes according to a χ 2 test at P = 0.05. These results indicate that the Agrobacterium method is effective for transferring foreign genes into switchgrass.
A Flexible Method for Managing the Assignment of Bits of an IPv6 Address Block (2003)

This document proposes a method to manage the assignment of bits of an IPv6 address block or range.When an organisation needs to make an address plan for its subnets or when an ISP needs to make an address plan for its customers, this method enables the organisation to postpone the final decision on the number of bits to partition in the address space they have.It does it by keeping the bits around the borders of the partition to be free as long as possible.This scheme is applicable to any bits addressing scheme using bits with partitions in the space, but its first intended use is for IPv6.It is a generalization of RFC 1219 and can be used for IPv6 assignments.
Dissociative recombination when potential energy curves do not cross (1992)

Direct and indirect dissociative recombination are compared. If the attractive potential energy curve of the ground state of the ion is not crossed by a suitable repulsive potential energy curve of the molecule formed by neutralization the indirect process can be much faster than the direct process. However, in the case of, for example, HCO+ its rate coefficient alpha (I) is several orders of magnitude less than the measured value even though the radiationless transition involved is of the extremely rapid single-electron type. A new process, multi-step indirect dissociative recombination, that entails the system passing successively through several intermediate states in Delta nu =1 step is introduced. Examination of the formula for its rate coefficient alpha (I*) obtained from high-order perturbation theory shows that the final pre-dissociation step is rate-limiting. Extensive computations are done on the overlap integrals between the bound vibrational wavefunctions of the ion and the wavefunction for the separating molecular fragments.
Strongly Nonlinear Waves in Polymer Based Phononic Crystals (2006)

One dimensional “sonic vacuum”‐type phononic crystals were assembled from chains of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) beads and Parylene coated spheres with different diameters. It was demonstrated for the first time that these polymer‐based granular system, with exceptionally low elastic modulus of particles, support the propagation of strongly nonlinear solitary waves with a very low speed. They can be described using classical nonlinear Hertz law despite the viscoelastic nature of the polymers and the high strain rate deformation of the contact area. Trains of strongly nonlinear solitary waves excited by an impact were investigated experimentally and were found to be in reasonable agreement with numerical calculations. Tunability of the signal shape and velocity was achieved through a non‐contact magnetically induced precompression of the chains. This applied prestress allowed an increase of up to two times the solitary waves speed and significant delayed the signal splitting. Anomalous reflection at the interface of two “sonic vacua”‐type systems was reported.
Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables (1992)

This study had two objectives: 1) to establish magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool for measuring total and regional adipose tissue (AT) distribution in humans and 2) to assess the relationship between selected anthropometric variables and MRI-measured AT. Twenty-seven healthy men varying in age [40.8 +/- 14.5 (SD) yr], body mass index (28.5 +/- 4.8), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, 0.96 +/- 0.07) participated in the study. Total AT volume was determined using a linear interpolation of AT areas obtained on consecutive slices (n = 41) taken from head to toe (10-mm thickness, 50-mm centers). The mean change for repeated measures of total AT volume was 2.9% (range 0.9-4.3%). Large interindividual differences were observed for total AT volume (6.9-59.3 liters), subcutaneous AT (6.3-49.8 liters), and visceral AT (0.5-8.5 liters). Visceral AT represented 18.3% of the total AT. The single best predictor of total adiposity was waist circumference (R2 = 0.92). For visceral AT volume, WHR was the strongest anthropometric correlate (r = 0.85, P less than 0.01). When controlled for age and adiposity, however, WHR explained only 12% of the variation in absolute visceral AT and less than 1% of the variation in visceral-to-subcutaneous ratio. Age was a better predictor of visceral-to-subcutaneous ratio than level of adiposity or WHR. The results of this study demonstrate that MRI offers a reliable measure of regional and total AT distribution in humans and, thus, is of value as a research tool.
P2X7 receptor inhibition ameliorates dendritic spine pathology and social behavioral deficits in Rett syndrome mice (2020)

Dysregulated immunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders but its contribution to synaptic and behavioral deficits in Rett syndrome (RTT) remains unknown. P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are unique purinergic receptors with pro-inflammatory functions. Here, we report in a MECP2-deficient mouse model of RTT that the border of the cerebral cortex exhibits increased number of inflammatory myeloid cells expressing cell-surface P2X7Rs. Total knockout of P2X7Rs in MECP2 deficient mice decreases the number of inflammatory myeloid cells, restores cortical dendritic spine dynamics, and improves the animals' neurological function and social behavior. Furthermore, either genetic depletion of P2X7Rs in bone-marrow derived leukocytes or pharmacological block of P2X7Rs primarily outside of the central nervous system parenchyma, recapitulates the beneficial effects of total P2X7R depletion on the social behavior. Together, our results highlight the pathophysiological roles of P2X7Rs in a mouse model of RTT.
A high-speed HF parallel-tone modem (1994)

There has been a revival of interest in 2400 bps parallel-tone HF modems following the successful application of trellis-coded modulation (TCM) to the MIL-STD-188-110A 16-tone modem format. To date, codes optimised for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) have been utilised. This paper discusses why these codes are sub-optimal for the HF channel and describes a number of enhancements that provide useful improvements for multipath Rayleigh-fading channels without incurring additional computation. Results for CCIR Good and Poor channels are given which contrast the performance the 256-state Ungerboeck code used in the earlier work against coded modulation schemes described in this paper which have been specifically designed for fading channels. A discussion on methods of applying interleaving to such a modem follows, which leads to the description of a novel interleaving approach which maximises time diversity for a given delay. Results are given for interleaving delays of 1.2, 5.0 and 10.0 seconds. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical bounds for coded modulation schemes which suggests additional improvements which can be made to increase throughput and further reduce error-rates. These are illustrated with preliminary results from our newest 4000 bps HF modem.
Effective measurements using digital signal analysis (1971)

In order to be effective, measurements must be unambiguous and quantitative, which is only possible when such measurements yield numerical values that can attach to a given aspect of the system being measured in only one way and have only one interpretation. This article discusses the use of correlation, transfer, and coherence functions in obtaining such measurements.
Is staging of cancer of value? (1983)

Complete and accurate classification of all cases of cancer is essential for planning optimal management, estimating prognosis, communicating about individual patients or groups of patients, comparing results of various treatments and evaluating cancer control programs. For most types of cancer, the stage, or the anatomic extent of the cancer, is as important as other characteristics such as the primary site of the tumor, the histologic cell type, and the grade of the malignancy. The TNM system of staging recommended by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union against Cancer is used throughout the world, and there is convincing evidence of its value in selecting treatment and estimating prognosis. For example, Stage I squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the lung is almost always amenable to surgical resection and five-year survival rates of about 70% are being reported by many cancer centers. In contrast, stage III lung cancer is usually not resectable and the five-year survival rate of this group is less than 10%.
ROSE: A Retinal OCT-Angiography Vessel Segmentation Dataset and New Model (2020)

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that has been increasingly used to image the retinal vasculature at capillary level resolution. However, automated segmentation of retinal vessels in OCTA has been under-studied due to various challenges such as low capillary visibility and high vessel complexity, despite its significance in understanding many vision-related diseases. In addition, there is no publicly available OCTA dataset with manually graded vessels for training and validation of segmentation algorithms. To address these issues, for the first time in the field of retinal image analysis we construct a dedicated Retinal OCTA SEgmentation dataset (ROSE), which consists of 229 OCTA images with vessel annotations at either centerline-level or pixel level. This dataset with the source code has been released for public access to assist researchers in the community in undertaking research in related topics. Secondly, we introduce a novel split-based coarse-to-fine vessel segmentation network for OCTA images (OCTA-Net), with the ability to detect thick and thin vessels separately. In the OCTA-Net, a split-based coarse segmentation module is first utilized to produce a preliminary confidence map of vessels, and a split-based refined segmentation module is then used to optimize the shape/contour of the retinal microvasculature. We perform a thorough evaluation of the state-of-the-art vessel segmentation models and our OCTA-Net on the constructed ROSE dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our OCTA-Net yields better vessel segmentation performance in OCTA than both traditional and other deep learning methods. In addition, we provide a fractal dimension analysis on the segmented microvasculature, and the statistical analysis demonstrates significant differences between the healthy control and Alzheimer's Disease group. This consolidates that the analysis of retinal microvasculature may offer a new scheme to study various neurodegenerative diseases.
Alzheimer brain proteins investigated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension (1994)

Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradient 4-8 in the first dimension was applied in the analysis of Alzheimer's disease brain proteins. The silver-stained 2-D maps of extracts from the frontal cerebral cortex were examined. About 800 and 550 protein spots could be observed on the electrophoretograms from the total and buffer-soluble fractions, respectively. In comparing the gels, four protein spots could now be detected which had either been hitherto undetectable (one spot) or which were weaker (two spots) or stronger (one spot) in density (in the controls) [corrected].
Integrated chassis control using ANFIS (2008)

A nonlinear control system that integrated active front steering system and vehicle dynamics control system based on a multi-body vehicle dynamic model is introduced in this paper. The multibody vehicle dynamic model based on ADAMS can accurately predict the dynamics performance of the vehicle. The control strategy consists of two control objectives (yaw velocity omega and sideslip angle beta). An integrated controller is built according to the lateral acceleration to distribute the desired yaw moment to VDC and AFS. The VDC and AFS controllers are established using ANFIS (Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system) and Fractional-order PI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lambda</sup> D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</sup> control algorithm, respectively. The adaptive fuzzy controller can adjust the fuzzy control rules and membership functions through by training of ANFIS, and the parameters of fractional-order PI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lambda</sup> D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</sup> are tuned using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method. The co-simulation scenario takes place on an icy road at high speed with a step steer input. The simulation results show that integrated chassis control system can enhance vehicle handling stability and safety greatly.
Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein-associated Protein-A (VAP-A) Interacts with the Oxysterol-binding Protein to Modify Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2002)

Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is 1 of 12 related proteins implicated in the regulation of vesicle transport and sterol homeostasis. A yeast two-hybrid screen using full-length OSBP as bait was undertaken to identify partner proteins that would provide clues to the function of OSBP. This resulted in the cloning of vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein-A (VAP-A), a syntaxin-like protein implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi vesicle transport, and phospholipid regulation in mammalian cells and yeast, respectively. By using a combination of yeast two-hybrid, glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation experiments, the VAP-A-binding region in OSBP was localized to amino acids 351-442. This region did not include the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain but overlapped with the N terminus of the oxysterol binding and OSBP homology domains. C- and N-terminal truncations or deletions of VAP prevented interaction with OSBP but did not affect VAP multimerization. Although the OSBP PH domain was not necessary for VAP-A binding in vitro, interaction with VAP-A was enhanced in cells by mutation of the conserved PH domain tryptophan (OSBP W174A) or deletion of the C-terminal half of the PH domain (OSBP Delta 132-182). OSBP W174A retained oxysterol binding activity, association with phospholipid vesicles via the PH domain, and localized with VAP in unusual ER-associated structures. At 40 degrees C, misfolded ts045-vesicular stomatitis virus G protein fused to green fluorescent protein was co-localized with VAP-A/OSBP W174A structures on the ER but was exported to the Golgi when folded normally at 32 degrees C. A fluorescent ceramide analogue also accumulated in these ER inclusions, and export to the Golgi was partially inhibited as indicated by decreased Golgi staining and a 30% reduction in sphingomyelin synthesis. These studies show that OSBP binding to the ER and Golgi apparatus is regulated by its PH domain and VAP interactions, and the complex is involved at a stage of protein and ceramide transport from the ER.
A Novel Clustering Algorithm Based on One-Class SVM (2009)

One-class Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM),which is proposed to deal with the problems of classification ,intends to find the smallest hyper-sphere containing the positive data. As for the test point, one-class svm only judges it whether the test point belongs to that cluster. So OCSVM is often used in anomaly detection. But in the algorithm proposed in this paper, we first adopt shared nearest neighbor algorithm based on the kernel method (KSNN) to pre-cluster the input data, and then use weight of each point, which is produced by KSNN, to cluster through OCSVM.Experimental results show that our algorithm can deal with some irregular distributed data and high-dimension data effectively.
APP Gene Family Alternative Splicing Generates Functionally Related Isoformsa (1996)

The Alzheimer's beta A4-amyloid protein precursor (APP) and the APP-like proteins (APLPs) are transmembrane glycoproteins with a similar modular domain structure. APP exists in 8 isoforms generated by alternative splicing of exons 7, 8, and 15, of which the L-APP mRNAs lacking exon 15 are ubiquitously expressed in rat tissues but not in neurons. Rat APLP2, the nearest relative of APP, is similarly expressed in 4 different isoforms due to alternative splicing of inserts encoding a Kunitz protease inhibitor domain (KPI, homologous to exon 7 of APP) and a divergent region of 12 amino acids on the NH2-terminal side of the transmembrane domain (12 aa exon). KPI-APLP2 transcripts are highly expressed in neurons, in contrast to KPI-APPs, while L-APLP2 mRNA isoforms lacking the 12 aa exon are predominantly expressed in non-neuronal rat tissues, similar to L-APPs. Further examination of the divergent domains in APP and APLP2 harboring the similarly alternatively spliced APP exon 15 and the 12 aa exon of APLP2 revealed some structural similarities of the amino acid sequences and the predicted secondary structures. In both L-APLP2 and L-APP, a putative xylosyl-transferase recognition site for chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan attachment is present that is interrupted in APP and APLP2 isoforms expressing APP exon 15 or the 12 aa exon of APLP2. Thus, a related function of the divergent domains and the corresponding alternatively spliced APP and APLP2 isoforms in regulation of the binding properties of the ectodomain is suggested. Additionally, beta-secretase cleavage of APP might be sterically hindered selectively in proteoglycan L-APP but not in APP lacking the proteoglycan attachment site. Neurons which have a uniquely low portion of L-APP and high content of APP might therefore be especially susceptible to beta A4-protein liberation. This could explain the selective vulnerability of neurons that is observed in Alzheimer's disease.
A 18 GHz MMIC biquad active filter (2002)

A high-Q bandpass biquad filter operating at 18GHz is proposed. It is based on an active parallel resonator and it is suitable for MMIC implementation. A prototype has been implement ed using the Philips ED02AH PHEMT foundry process. A quality factor of 120 at 18GHz with a current consumption of 5mA @ 2V bias has been reported.