gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast variable-block-size motion compensation algorithm for H.264 video coding (2003)

The emerging H.264 video coding Standard can achieve a substantial coding gain as compared with existing coding standards. One major contribution of its gain comes from a very rich syntax for motion compensated prediction at the expense of a higher computational complexity. To be more specific, seven modes of different block sizes and shapes (i.e. 16x16, 16x8, 8x16, 8x8, 8x4, 4x8 and 4x4) are supported. To do full search over all modes requires an extremely large amount of computation. We propose a fast search algorithm for the variable block size motion estimation. The proposed algorithm includes three stages. First, an initial estimate of the motion vector is obtained by a multi-resolution motion search. Then, based on the estimated motion vector and its corresponding distortion measure, a rate-distortion model is used to select the initial mode for motion search. Finally, some early-termination rules are adopted to reject impossible block sizes and motion locatios sooner. By avoiding search through all block sizes, the amount of computation involved in the motion search can be substantially reduced. The proposed algorithm can achieve a speed-up factor up to 120 times when compared to the fastest full-search algorithm.
Increased blood pressure in rats after long-term inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase. (1997)

In the kidney, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of the neuronal isoform (nNOS) is predominantly located in the macula densa cells. Unspecific chronic NOS inhibition in rats leads to elevated blood pressure (P(A)), associated with increased renal vascular resistance. This study was designed to examine the effect of chronic selective inhibition of nNOS with 7-nitro indazole (7-NI) on P(A), GFR, and the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system. P(A) was repeatedly measured by a noninvasive tail-cuff technique for 4 wk in rats treated orally with 7-NI, and in control rats. After treatment, the animals were anesthetized and renal excretion rates, GFR, and TGF activity were determined. After 1 wk of 7-NI treatment P(A) was increased from 129+/-4 to 143 2 mmHg. GFR (1.85+/-0.1 vs. 1.97+/-0.2 ml/min in controls) was unchanged, but micropuncture studies revealed a more sensitive TGF than in controls. After 4 wk of 7-NI treatment P(A) was 152+/-4 mmHg, but no change in GFR (1.90+/-0.5 ml/min) or TGF sensitivity was detected. Acute administration of 7-NI to nontreated rats did not affect P(A), but decreased GFR (1.49+/-0.1 ml/min) and increased TGF sensitivity. In conclusion, chronic nNOS inhibition leads to increased P(A). Our results suggest that the elevated P(A) could be caused by an initially increased TGF sensitivity, leading to decreased GFR and an increased body fluid volume.
Static and dynamic semantics of NoSQL languages (2013)

We present a calculus for processing semistructured data that spans differences of application area among several novel query languages, broadly categorized as "NoSQL". This calculus lets users define their own operators, capturing a wider range of data processing capabilities, whilst providing a typing precision so far typical only of primitive hard-coded operators. The type inference algorithm is based on semantic type checking, resulting in type information that is both precise, and flexible enough to handle structured and semistructured data. We illustrate the use of this calculus by encoding a large fragment of Jaql, including operations and iterators over JSON, embedded SQL expressions, and co-grouping, and show how the encoding directly yields a typing discipline for Jaql as it is, namely without the addition of any type definition or type annotation in the code.
Characteristic Strength and Deformation of SFRC Considering Steel Fiber Factor and Volume fraction (2004)

초록 · 키워드 목차 오류제보하기 등록된 정보가 없습니다. ABSTRACT1. 서론2. 기존 연구결과3. 재료성능 평가시험4. 시험결과 평가5. 강섬유 계수 및 혼입률 평가6. 결론참고문헌요약
Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer‐mediated conferencing environment (1997)

Abstract Based on the GlobalEd inter‐university computer conference, this study examined how effective “social presence” is as a predictor of overall learner satisfaction in a text‐based medium. The stepwise regression analysis converged on a three‐predictor model revealing that social presence (the degree to which a person is perceived as “real” in mediated communication), student perception of having equal opportunity to participate, and technical skills accounted for about 68% of the explained variance. Social presence alone contributed about 60% of this variance, suggesting that it may be a very strong predictor of satisfaction. Reliability data on the social presence scale is provided. The results also indicated that participants who felt a higher sense of social presence enhanced their socio‐emotional experience by using emoticons to express missing nonverbal cues in written form. These findings have implications for designing academic computer conferences where equal attention must be paid to designing techniques that enhance social presence.
Antitermination of characterized transcriptional terminators by the Escherichia coli rrnG leader region (1990)

We have used a plasmid antitermination test system to examine the response of an Escherichia coli rRNA operon antiterminator to transcription through Rho-dependent and Rho-independent terminator-containing fragments. We also monitored transcription through multiple copies of a terminator to explore the mechanism of rrn antitermination. Four principal observations were made about antitermination and transcriptional terminators. (1) The rrn antiterminator mediated efficient transcription through Rho-dependent terminators. (2) Under the influence of the rrn antiterminator, RNA polymerase transcribed through two and three copies of the Rho-dependent 16 S----terminator with nearly the same efficiency as through one. (3) The antiterminator had less effect on fragments containing Rho-independent terminators; the rpoC t fragment and three fragments derived from the rrnB terminator region stopped antiterminated transcription. Four other Rho-independent terminator fragments were weakly antiterminated in our test system. (4) Surprisingly, the strength of these terminator fragments was not strongly related to properties such as the -delta G or number of trailing uridine residues of their canonical Rho-independent structures, but appears to be related to additional downstream terminators. We have drawn the following conclusions from these experiments. First, that ribosomal antitermination primarily reverses Rho-dependent termination by modifying the RNA polymerase elongation complex. Transcription through a 1700 nucleotide, multiple terminator sequence showed that the antiterminator caused persistent changes in the transcription process. Second, that fragments derived from the Rho-independent rrnB and rpoBC terminator regions can effectively stop antiterminated transcription. Third, that efficient in vivo termination may often involve regions with complex multiple terminators.
Derivatization of amino acids with <i>N,N</i> ‐dimethyl‐2,4‐dinitro‐5‐fluorobenzylamine for liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2004)

Derivatization, separation and identification of amino acids with a novel compound, N,N-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-fluorobenzylamine (DMDNFB), using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) was demonstrated. Compared to derivatization with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), DMDNFB-derivatized amino acids and dipeptides exhibit much larger ion current signals in the commonly used ESI positive mode, which was attributed to the introduction of the N,N-dimethylaminomethyl protonatable site.
Recurrent Staphylococcal Furunculosis: Lymphocyte Subsets and Plasma Immunoglobulins (1982)

19 patients with recurrent staphylococcal furunculosis have been investigated as to granulocyte gross counts, plasma levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE, complement factors C3 and C4 as well as lymphocyte populations characterized by receptors for sheep erythrocytes and Fc of IgG (Fcγ). Patients with severe furunculosis had on average low proportions of Fc-γ-receptor bearing lymphocytes. Two patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E were recorded. Other investigated parameters were normal.
Formation of d-cellubiose from starch and from other substrates by an acetobacter species (1954)

The addition of sodium arsenite (0.0005M) to cultures of Acetobacter acetigenium in various substrates was found to depress d-cellobiose production. Mutant strains of A. acetigenum which did not produce cellulose were isolated from these cultures.
Discovering informative content blocks from Web documents (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to discover informative contents from a set of tabular documents (or Web pages) of a Web site. Our system, InfoDiscoverer, first partitions a page into several content blocks according to HTML tag <TABLE> in a Web page. Based on the occurrence of the features (terms) in the set of pages, it calculates entropy value of each feature. According to the entropy value of each feature in a content block, the entropy value of the block is defined. By analyzing the information measure, we propose a method to dynamically select the entropy-threshold that partitions blocks into either informative or redundant. Informative content blocks are distinguished parts of the page, whereas redundant content blocks are common parts. Based on the answer set generated from 13 manually tagged news Web sites with a total of 26,518 Web pages, experiments show that both recall and precision rates are greater than 0.956. That is, using the approach, informative blocks (news articles) of these sites can be automatically separated from semantically redundant contents such as advertisements, banners, navigation panels, news categories, etc. By adopting InfoDiscoverer as the preprocessor of information retrieval and extraction applications, the retrieval and extracting precision will be increased, and the indexing size and extracting complexity will also be reduced.
Alterations In Renal Interleukin-1 Production During Kidney Transplant Rejection In The Rat (1993)

To characterize the role of interleukin-1 in renal allograft rejection, we examined the temporal relationship of IL-1 production to changes in renal function and histology in a rat kidney transplantation model. In rat renal allografts, both glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow (RPF) fell progressively from days 4 through 6 following transplantation. The reduction in allograft function was accompanied by histologic changes consistent with rejection and enhanced steady-state levels of IL-1 beta mRNA measured by Northern blot. This increase in IL-1 beta mRNA levels was associated with a forty-fold increase in IL-1 bioactivity in eluates of kidney allografts compared with isografts. In rejecting allografts, these changes also coincided with increased production of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by the graft. To attempt to modify IL-1 production in the transplanted kidney, a separate group of animals with renal allografts were treated with 80 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone for 6 days. GFR in MP-treated animals was significantly preserved compared with vehicle-treated animals. However, similar histologic manifestations of rejection were found in both groups. Although IL-1 beta mRNA levels in the kidney were not changed with MP treatment, renal IL-1 bioactivity was reduced four-fold in animals that received MP compared with controls. Thus, IL-1 beta gene expression and IL-1 protein production are stimulated in rejecting kidney transplants. MP administration improves allograft function and inhibits IL-1 production, apparently at a post-transcriptional level. We hypothesize that overproduction of IL-1 during kidney transplant rejection may promote allograft dysfunction and injury. Some of the beneficial effects of corticosteroids in acute rejection may be mediated through inhibition of IL-1 release within the allograft.
Influence of environment on piroxicam polymorphism: Vibrational spectroscopic study (2000)

FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopies were used to evaluate the mechanism of transformation of piroxicam into its different forms (alpha, beta, and monohydrate), depending on the environment. These vibrational techniques allowed us to identify the forms of piroxicam that crystallize from different solvents at different cooling rates and the conformation of the drug in some of its derivatives: piroxicam hydrochloride, piroxicam thallium and sodium salt hemihydrates, and piroxicam sodium salt. The usefulness of Raman spectroscopy in characterizing piroxicam:beta-cyclodextrin (PbetaCD) inclusion compounds was described. The Raman spectrum of 1:2 PbetaCD was discussed in comparison with that of the corresponding piroxicam sodium salt containing inclusion compound (1:2 PNabetaCD) in order to study the influence of the piroxicam derivative used on the structure of the inclusion compound. The Raman results showed that in both of the inclusion compounds the piroxicam mainly assumes the zwitterionic structure typical of a monohydrate; therefore, the kind of derivative used does not affect the conformation of the drug in its inclusion compound. The effect of the method of synthesis utilized (freeze-drying or freeze-thaw cycling) to obtain 1:2.5 PbetaCD was investigated. The inclusion compound obtained by freeze-thaw cycling proved to be more crystalline and to contain a higher amount of the beta form than the freeze-dried inclusion compound. Raman spectroscopy proved to be a useful technique for evaluating the effectiveness of the manufacturing process in relation to the pharmaceutical properties of the drug and to the nondestructive and noninvasive on-line quality control of the industrial products.
Benchtop Polymer MEMS (2006)

Loctite photopatternable adhesives 3108, 3340, and 3525 are introduced for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. These materials are patterned within minutes by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light followed by rinsing with a solvent; no further processing is required. Because the uncured fluid is relatively insensitive to room light, this can be done on any lab bench without the requirement for a clean room. The materials can be spin-coated to obtain films, or cast between spacers for layers up to 1 cm thick, and the cured polymers range from elastomeric to rigid. These adhesives are of interest for rapid, inexpensive fabrication of relatively low-resolution features (tens to hundreds of micrometers) by photocuring. They can alternatively be molded, like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), to achieve high resolution, as well as irreversibly bonded after an O <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$_2$</tex> plasma treatment. In addition, like SU8, they can be used as molds for patterning PDMS. Initial characterization of resolution, swelling, and biocompatibility were performed. One of the polymers, 3340, can be used for packaging bioMEMS-on-complementary-metal–oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips, exploiting its biocompatibility and its photopatternability at thicknesses of 1500 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m to cover the bond wires while exposing the chip surface. As further demonstrations of the versatility of these materials, multilevel, interconnected channel structures were fabricated with a gelatin sacrificial layer, and magnetic films were prepared, since the polymers remain patternable even with additives.1535
The mutation profile of JAK2 and CALR in Chinese Han patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (2014)

Mutations in JAK2, MPL and CALR are highly relevant to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We performed high resolution melting analysis and Sanger sequencing together with T-A cloning to elucidate the unique mutation profile of these genes, in Chinese patients with MPNs. Peripheral blood DNA samples were obtained from 80 patients with polycythemia vera (PV), 80 patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET) and 50 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Ten PV patients were identified with diverse JAK2 exon 12 mutations. Five novel JAK2 Exon 12 mutation patterns (M532V/E543G, N533D, M535I/H538Y/K549I, E543G and D544N) were described. JAK2 V617F was detected in 140 samples (66 PV, 45 ET and 29 PMF). JAK2 Exon 12 mutations were prevalent (13%) and variable in the Chinese patients. Compared with PV patients with JAK2 V617F mutations, PV patients with JAK2 exon 12 mutations had an earlier median onset of disease (P = 0.0013). MPL W515L/K mutations were discerned in 4 ET and 3 PMF patients. Two kinds of CALR mutation, c. 1179_1230del and c. 1234_1235insTTGTC were detected in 20 ET and 16 PMF patients. A novel CALR mutation pattern (c. 1173_1223del/c. 1179_1230del) was identified in 2 PMF samples. In addition, 17 scattered point mutations in CALR c.1153 to c.1255 were also detected in 13 cases with CALR frame-shifting variations and 2 cases without CALR frame-shifting variations. Female patients showed a predisposition to CALR mutations (P = 0.0035). Chinese Ph-negative MPN patients have a unique mutation landscape in the common molecular markers of MPN diagnosis. Validation of the molecular diagnostic pipeline should be emphasized since there is a considerable ethnical diversity in the molecular profiles of Ph-negative MPNs.
Self-emission glucose monitoring system with single chip guided-mode resonance filters (2016)

In this study, we designed and simulated an array of bandpass filters as a spectral separator for mid-infrared self-emission noninvasive glucose monitoring, using the human body as the background radiation emitter. The filters were based on the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect. The human body is a good black body radiator that provides a stable temperature and continuous radiation energy in the mid-infrared range. We can thus use self-emission from the human body to measure certain fingerprint peaks of glucose spectrum between 8 μm to 10 μm, which allows estimation of glucose concentration. The GMR filter set includes at least four filters on one chip fabricated at the same time. By using fixed thicknesses and the same thin-film material for all the filters on the chip, a structure period adjustment alone can theoretically achieve multiple bandpass filters between the glucose fingerprint ranges - and achieve these coplanar filters on a single chip. By using all CMOS-compatible materials, COMSOL simulations show that a series of peaks with transmittances up to 70% and bandwidths of around 200nm can be achieved. This filter set can be fabricated with just a few thin layers that can simplify the typical thin-film deposition process. The proposed GMR filter array can then be combined with a thermometer array to achieve the non-invasive glucose monitoring. We compare the results obtained with the first version of the fabricated filter set with the measurements of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
Simple 1 micron ring laser oscillators pumped by fiber-coupled laser diodes (1994)

We have designed simple nonplanar Nd:YAG ring laser oscillators that utilize all flat mirrors and are pumped by the fiber-coupled output from ten 3 watt diode lasers. We have obtained up to 8.5 W at 1.06 microns of diffraction-limited, single frequency output with no measureable astigmatism or ellipticity with a total pump power of 26 W from a pair of 400 micron diameter fibers. Convex curved surfaces on the Nd:YAG rod are used to increase the cavity mode size at the rod while minimizing the contribution of aspheric thermal lensing. Comparison to a linear cavity with no intracavity polarizing element indicates that stress depolarization is a significant loss mechanism in the ring laser. The cavity design is also suitable for use with birefringent laser media, such as Nd:YLF or Nd:YVO/sub 4/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Never call them jerks: healthy responses to difficult behavior (2000)

Boers, Arthur P. Never call them jerks: healthy responses to difficult behavior. [Washington, DC]: Alban Institute, [1999].
CpG loaded MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets as multifunctional agents for photothermal enhanced cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Single or few-layered MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets, as a novel class of 2D nanomaterials, have received tremendous attention due to their fantastic physical and chemical properties. Here, we fabricated MoS<sub>2</sub>-PEG-CpG with a small and uniform size as a multifunctional platform for photothermal enhanced immunotherapy. MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets were fabricated by chemical exfoliation and further probe sonication. To realize MoS<sub>2</sub>-based adjuvant delivery, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets were functionalized with cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form MoS<sub>2</sub>-PEG-CpG nanoconjugates. As an efficient nanocarrier with excellent near infrared-light (NIR) absorbing performance, MoS<sub>2</sub>-PEG-CpG significantly promotes CpG intracellular accumulation and the effect can be further enhanced by photothermal treatment. In addition, the enhanced uptake can stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and remarkably elevate the immune response level. Finally, we found that MoS<sub>2</sub>-PEG-CpG could reduce the proliferative activity of cancer cells when co-cultured with a macrophage-like cell upon NIR irradiation, implying a novel strategy for multifunctional therapeutics against cancers.
Comparison of the properties of different materials used as masks for ion-beam etching (1975)

The different parameters used to describe the evolution of a step under ion-beam etching are first defined. Then the properties of three different classes of masking materials are compared. It is concluded that the resists are not a useful high-definition mask. Titanium and vanadium etched in an oxygen partial pressure give best results. Carbon is proposed as a third very interesting masking material due to the fact that its etching rate is high when bombarded with oxygen ions but low when bombarded with argon ions. The last part deals with the influence of ion-beam incidence on the effective masking properties. Two examples are given: low periodicity gratings and overetching suppression at the bottom of steep edges.
Analysis of the process of mutual interaction between human and internal control model (2002)

Clarifies the effectiveness of the 'internal control model', which we have suggested as a model of flexible human communication. This is the technology to which we apply the phenomenon known as 'entrainment of bodily rhythm' and the dynamics realized by this phenomenon. Concretely, we take the 'walking support robot' as an example of its application, and analyze the process of realizing cooperative walking between a human and the robot. In particular, we discuss whether or not the dynamics on the human side is the same as the robot's dynamics and whether or not these dynamics can be synchronized with the dynamics on the model side if the process exists on the human side. From the results, it is clarified whether or not the internal control model is able to realize flexible and cooperative behavior with a human.