gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Time-Dependent Multi-Criteria Timetable Information is Harder Than Expected (2009)

Speeding up multi-criteria search in real timetable information systems remains a challenge in spite of impressive progress achieved in recent years for related problems in road networks. Our goal is to perform multi-criteria range queries, that is, to find all Pareto-optimal connections with respect to travel time and number of transfers within a given start time interval. This problem can be modeled as a path search problem in a time- and event-dependent graph. In this paper, we investigate two key speed-up techniques for a multi-criteria variant of \textsc{Dijkstra}'s algorithm --- arc flags and contraction --- which seem to be strong candidates for railway networks, too. We describe in detail how these two techniques have to be adapted for a multi-criteria scenario and explain why we can expect only marginal speed-ups (compared to observations in road networks) from a direct implementation. Based on these insights we extend traditional arc-flags to \emph{time-period flags} and introduce \emph{route contraction} as a substitute for node contraction. A computational study on real queries demonstrates that these techniques combined with goal-directed search lead to a speed-up of factor 13.08 over the baseline variant for range queries for a full day.
Cell Injury Effect of Isopropyl Unoprostone, an Antiglaucoma Agent, on Cultured Human Conjunctival Cells (1999)

Corneal epithelial disorders due to isopropyl unoprostone (unoprostone) eye drops, a prostaglandin F2alpha-related substance and antiglaucoma agent, have been reported since the agent became commercially available. The in vitro study was performed to clarify the mechanism of cell injury due to unoprostone. After Chang's human conjunctival cells were cultured and exposed for 2, 4 and 8 min to 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% unoprostone and its vehicle containing 1% polysorbate 80, a cell growth assay and DNA histogram analysis using a flow cytometer and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The number of living cells was reduced, and the floating cell number increased immediately after exposure to 0.12% unoprostone for 8 min. When the cells were cultured for another 48 hr after exposure to unoprostone, the cell number was reduced dose and time dependently. Exposure for 2 min to 0.12% unoprostone showed no effect on the cell cycle. However, exposure for 2 min to 0.12% unoprostone caused alteration of the cell surface, such as reduction of microvilli and filopodia. The vehicle did not affect the cell surface or cell growth. These results suggest that clinically instilled eye drops ofunoprostone can affect cell structure, inhibit cell growth, and gradually cause corneal epithelial disorders.
Die Reduktion von β‐Benzoyl‐propionsäuren aus der Reihe des Resorcins (1966)

Abstract 2,4‐Dihydroxy‐benzoylpropionsäure (Succinoylresorcin) läßt sich im Gegensatz zu ihren beiden Halbäthern sowie zahlreichen anderen Succinoylphenolen weder katalytisch, noch mit NaBH 4 bis zur Stufe der Hydroxysäure reduzieren. Die Ursachen werden diskutiert. Die elektrolytische Reduktion von Succinoylphenolen an einer Bleikathode liefert neben γ‐Aryl‐γ‐hydroxybuttersäuren deren pinacolartige Dimerisate, die durch Protonenkatalyse lactonisiert werden. 4‐Methoxyphenyl‐butyrolacton kann mit BBr 3 entmethyliert werden. Die Reaktion läßt sich nicht auf 4‐Methoxy‐2‐hydroxyphenyl‐butyrolacton übertragen.
Blink Reflex Recovery after Electrical Stimulation of the Reinnervated Orbicularis Oculi Muscle in Dogs (1990)

The paralytic lagophthalmos following palpebral nerve neurotmesis and consequent peripheral denervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle is often associated with harmful effects on the exposed cornea. This study investigated how daily electrical stimulation affects the blink reflex recovery of this muscle after its reinnervation. Six dogs underwent unilateral facial nerve neurotmesis with immediate epineurial repair of the palpebral nerve. Three dogs were randomly chosen to receive electrical stimulation of the reinnervated orbicularis oculi muscles for 75 days. The remaining 3 dogs were controls (nonstimulated muscles). During the study, the reinnervated orbicularis oculi muscle electrophysiology and blink reflex recovery were investigated. The Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) between 30 and 50 days, the minimum mean stimulus intensities evoking complete up-per palpebral closure of the stimulated muscles were significantly lower than those of the nonstimulated muscles (p less than 0.01) and (2) the stimulated muscles recovered complete closure of the interpalpebral fissure (blink reflex) at 49.6 days, significantly earlier (p less than 0.01) than the nonstimulated muscles (72.6 days). It is concluded that daily electrical stimulation of the orbicularis oculi muscles, if started immediately after epineurial repair of the palpebral nerve neurotmesis, promotes a faster blink reflex recovery in the dog model.
A low cost PCI-VME controller for control and data acquisition systems on fusion experiments (1999)

A universal hardware interface system that allows the transparent use of digital instrumentation of different buses has been developed using the VMEbus as the host platform. In this article a new controller for the VME system, based on a desktop-type PCI Pentium motherboard and a locally developed PCI-VME interconnector is described. This interconnector is composed of two boards, which are connected by an ac-terminated flexible cable and inserted into slots of the PCI motherboard and VME crate. This system decreases the cost of the global system and permits low priced and modular upgradeability. The software drivers have been developed for a UNIX environment using the LINUX-LAB project in a user-friendly approach.
Negotiation behavior and outcomes: Empirical evidence and theoretical issues. (1990)

This article examines the ability of the individual differences, motivational, and cognitive approaches of negotiation to account for empirical research on dyadic negotiation. Investigators have typically focused on objective, economic measures of performance. However, social-psychological measures are important because negotiators often do not have the information necessary to make accurate judgments of the bargaining situation. Negotiators' judgments are biased, and biases are associated with inefficient performance. Personality and individual differences appear to play a minimal role in determining bargaining behavior; their impact may be dampened by several factors, such as homogeneity of subject samples, situational constraints, and self-selection processes. Motivational and cognitive models provide compelling accounts of negotiation behavior. A psychological theory of negotiation should begin at the level of the individual negotiator and should integrate features of motivational and cognitive models. Negotiation is a pervasive and important form of social interaction. Negotiation is necessary whenever conflict erupts and there are no fixed or established rules or procedures to resolve conflict and whenever people want to search for agreement without resorting to aggression or open fighting (Lewicki & Litterer, 1985). Negotiation occurs in business and academic environments and in informal social interactions such as deciding with a friend or spouse where to dine or vacation. Clearly, negotiation is essential for anyone who must interact with other people to accomplish their objectives. There is broad interest in the study of negotiation behavior. This interest is evident in the interdisciplinary history of the study of negotiation in the fields of psychology, economics, industrial relations, organization behavior, sociology, and law. The theoretical goal is to predict the processes and outcomes of negotiation. The practical or applied goal is to help people negotiate more effectively (Bazerman, 1986; Raiffa, 1982). The fundamental and enduring questions raised by the growing body of research on negotiation behavior include the following: What factors lead to negotiation success or failure? Which theoretical perspective provides the best account of negotiation behavior? What empirical findings must a theoretical approach to negotiation explain? The purpose of this article is to address these theoretical and empirical issues. A variety of theoretical analyses of negotiation behavior have been developed. An important theoretical distinction is that between normative and descriptive approaches (Neale & Northcraft, in press; Raiffa, 1982). Normative models are based on axioms of individual rationality (cf. von Neumann &
Enhancement of overwritten text in the Archimedes Palimpsest (2008)

The Archimedes Palimpsest is a thousand-year old overwritten parchment manuscript, containing several treatises by Archimedes. Eight hundred years ago, it was erased, overwritten and bound into a prayer book. In the middle of the twentieth century, a few pages were painted over with forged Byzantine icons. Today, a team of imagers, scholars and conservators is recovering and interpreting the erased Archimedes writings. Two different methods have been used to reveal the erased undertext. Spectral information is obtained by illuminating the manuscript with narrow-band light from the ultraviolet, through the visible wavebands and into the near-infrared wavelengths. Characters are extracted by combining pairs of spectral bands or by spectral unmixing techniques adapted from remote sensing. Lastly, since all of the text was written with iron gall ink, X-Ray fluorescence has been used to expose the ink underneath the painted icons. This paper describes the use of color to enhance the erased text in the processed images and to make it visible to the scholars. Special pseudocolor techniques have been developed that significantly increase the contrast of the erased text and make it possible to be read by the scholars despite the presence of the obscuring, overlaid text.
GaAs optoelectronic mixer operation at 4.5 GHz (1984)

Optoelectronic heterodyne detection of high-frequency intensity modulation signals using a GaAs photoconductive mixer is reported. Flat response for optical modulation frequencies up to 4.5 GHz is observed for downconversion to a 500-MHz intermediate frequency using a low power local oscillator. Heterodyne responsivity was enhanced significantly over direct detection with the same photoconductive detector due to improved contact performance under RF bias.
A general method for efficient non-isotopic labeling of DNA probes cloned in M13 vectors: application to DNA fingerprinting (1989)

Journal Article A general method for efficient non-isotopic labeling of DNA probes cloned in M13 vectors: application to DNA fingerprinting Get access A.M. Macedo, A.M. Macedo Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisCP 2486, 30.161 Belo Horizonte, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.C. Medeiros, A.C. Medeiros Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisCP 2486, 30.161 Belo Horizonte, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S.D.J. Pena S.D.J. Pena Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisCP 2486, 30.161 Belo Horizonte, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 11, 12 June 1989, Page 4414, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.11.4414 Published: 12 June 1989 Article history Received: 22 February 1989 Published: 12 June 1989
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of canine histiocytic sarcoma: A spontaneous model for human histiocytic cancer identifies deletion of tumor suppressor genes and highlights influence of genetic background on tumor behavior (2011)

The breed associated clinical features and DNA copy number aberrations exhibited by canine HS offer a valuable model for the human counterpart, providing additional evidence towards elucidation of the pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms associated with histiocytic malignancies. Extrapolation of data derived from canine histiocytic disorders to human histiocytic proliferation may help to further our understanding of the propagation and cancerization of histiocytic cells, contributing to development of new and effective therapeutic modalities for both species.
Negative autoregulation of c-Myb activity by homodimer formation through the leucine zipper. (1993)

The trans-activating and transforming capacities of the c-myb proto-oncogene product (c-Myb) are negatively regulated through a leucine zipper structure in its negative regulatory domain. We show here tht in cotransfection assays, maximal Myb-induced trans-activation occurs with relatively low amounts of wild-type c-Myb, while higher levels of c-Myb result in reduced Myb-induced trans-activation. By contrast, this apparent negative autoregulation is not observed with a c-Myb mutant containing an impaired leucine zipper. Data presented here suggest that this negative autoregulation of trans-activation by wild-type c-Myb is a consequence of homodimer formation by c-Myb through its leucine zipper and of the inability of c-Myb dimers to bind DNA. These findings point to a novel mechanism of regulation of a transcription factor.
Energy concepts in the state-space theory of nonlinear n-ports: Part I-Passivity (1981)

This paper is the first in a two-part sequence which aims to state rigorously the energy-based concepts which are fundamental to nonlinear network theory, passivity and losslessness, and to clarify the way they enter the input-output and the state-space versions of the subject. In this part we examine the conflicting definitions of passivity which exist in the literature and demonstrate the contradictions between them with several examples. We propose a particular definition of passivity which avoids these contradictions by eliminating the dependency on a state of "zero stored energy," and we show that it has the appropriate properties of representation independence and closure. We apply it to several specific classes of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -ports and derive equivalent passivity criteria. The exact conditions are given under which this definition is equivalent to one based on an internal energy function, and we use the concept of an internal energy function to provide a canonical network realization for a class of passive systems.
Rapid and High‐Throughput Forensic Short Tandem Repeat Typing Using a 96‐Lane Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Microdevice<sup>*</sup> (2006)

A 96-channel microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (muCAE) device was evaluated for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) typing using PowerPlex 16 and AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus multiplex PCR systems. The high-throughput muCAE system produced high-speed <30-min parallel sample separations with single-base resolution. Forty-eight previously analyzed single-source samples were accurately typed, as confirmed on an ABI Prism 310 and/or the Hitachi FMBIO II. Minor alleles in 3:1 mixture samples containing female and male DNA were reliably typed as well. The instrument produced full profiles from sample DNA down to 0.17 ng, a threshold similar to that found for the ABI 310. Seventeen nonprobative samples from various evidentiary biological stains were also correctly typed. The successful application of the muCAE device to actual forensic STR typing samples is a significant step toward the development of a completely integrated STR analysis microdevice.
Detecting Unfocused Raindrops: In-Vehicle Multipurpose Cameras (2014)

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) based on video cameras are becoming pervasive in today's automotive industry. However, while most of these systems perform nicely in clear weather conditions, their performances fail drastically in adverse weather and particularly in the rain. We present two novel approaches that aim to detect unfocused raindrops on a car windshield using only images from an in-vehicle camera. Based on the photometric properties of raindrops, the algorithms rely on image processing techniques to highlight them. The results will be used to improve ADAS behavior under rainy conditions. Both approaches are compared with each other and the techniques from the literature.
Upper-Limb Discoordination in Hemiparetic Stroke: Implications for Neurorehabilitation (2001)

Clinically, upper-limb discoordination after stroke is evident in the form of stereotypic movement patterns that reflect a loss of independent joint control. These movement abnormalities, in conjunction with our recent quantitative findings under isometric conditions, provide evidence for an impaired capacity to generate certain muscle coactivation patterns in the impaired limb. In this article, we examine the parallels that exist between coordination disturbances observed under isometric and movement conditions. Our results suggest that discoordination in stroke may largely represent a manifestation of additional neural constraints on motor outflow. The neurotherapeutic implications of our findings are discussed.
Spatial filtering technique to image and measure two-dimensional near-forward scattering from single particles (2010)

This work describes the design and use of an optical apparatus to measure the far-field elastic light-scattering pattern for a single particle over two angular-dimensions. A spatial filter composed of a mirror with a small through-hole is used to enable collection of the pattern uncommonly close to the forward direction; to within tenths of a degree. Minor modifications of the design allow for the simultaneous measurement of a particle's image along with its two-dimensional scattering pattern. Example measurements are presented involving single micrometer-sized glass spherical particles confined in an electrodynamic trap and a dilute suspension of polystyrene latex particles in water. A small forward-angle technique, called Guinier analysis, is used to determine a particle-size estimate directly from the measured pattern without a priori knowledge of the particle refractive index. Comparison of these size estimates to those obtained by fitting the measurements to Mie theory reveals relative errors low as 2%.
Wrappings of Permutations (1987)

A theory of wrappings of permutations is constructed which is analogous to the well-known concept of branched coverings of Riemann surfaces.It is shown that this theory is strong enough to contain combinatorial definitions of such well-known groups as Fuchsian groups of the first kind and triangle groups.Introduction.The proofs of several classical theorems of mathematics employ the device of embedding a combinatorial graph in the plane and then making use of its discrete structure.The proof of the Jordan Curve Theorem [7] makes use of a rectangular grid, and Poincare's description of the Fuchsian groups [8] leans heavily on the observation that the dual graph to the tesselation generated by the fundamental region is a Cayley graph of the group.It is well known by now that such plane embeddings, or in fact any embeddings of graphs on closed oriented surfaces can be described by means of permutations in the following manner.If we consider a graph as a symmetric directed graph, then the orientation of the ambient surface induces a cyclic permutation of the arcs emanating from each vertex of the graph.Let P denote the disjoint product of all these cycles and let Q be the involution that maps each arc to its inverse.For example, if we interpret Figure 1 as a plane graph, then P = (1 5 3)(2 ca)(Al b)(6 9 8) and Q = (1 2)(3 4)(5 6)(7 8)(9 a)(b c).Note that the disjoint cycle decomposition of the product PQ is (1 6 a)(2 b 3)(4 8 5)(7 c 9) and that these cyclic factors are in an obvious one-to-one correspondence with the regions of the embedding.As this correspondence is not merely coincidental, it seems reasonable to expect the symmetric group to play a deep role in the combinatorial topology of the orientable surfaces.Robert Cori [2,4] and others have pointed out that fixed point theorems have interesting analogs for centralizers of certain sets of permutations.The author has discussed the Jordan Curve Theorem in this context in [10] and has also shown in [11] that the characters of the symmetric groups can be brought to bear on the difficult problems involved in the enumeration of combinatorial maps.In this paper we construct a combinatorial analog of both Euclidean and non-Euclidean tesselations.1 contains a description of fundamental groups and wrappings of ordered sets of permutations.The role of the centralizers of these permutations is explained in 11, which owes much to the work of R. Cori in [2] and elsewhere.This section also includes a discussion of quotient maps and of deck
Bryostatin 1 acts synergistically with interleukin-1 alpha to induce secretion of G-CSF and other cytokines from marrow stromal cells. (1996)

The protein kinase C (PKC) activator bryostatin 1 (bryo) has substantial antileukemic and hematopoietic actions. Bryo promotes the in vitro growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors by inducing the release of growth factors from accessory cells. We have examined the effects of bryo on the expression and release of certain myeloid growth factors from fibroblastlike marrow stromal cells (MSC). Substantial release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). or interleukin-6 (IL-6) following bryo treatment was seen only in MSC cultures contaminated with macrophages. Bryo alone was ineffective in inducing release of the cytokines from MSC cultures containing only fibroblastlike stromal cells. When MSC were treated with IL-1alpha, substantial quantities of the cytokines (G-CSF, GM-CSF,IL-6) were released. Bryo acted synergistically with IL-1 alpha to significantly increase cytokine release to- to nine-fold compared to IL-1alpha alone (p < 0.016). Neither Il-1alpha nor bryo, alone or in combination, induced release of stem cell factor (scf) from MSC. The synergistic interaction between IL-1alpha and bryo was dose- and schedule-dependent, requiring simultaneous application of IL-1alpha and bryo for optimum effect. Bryo alone induced no G-CSF mRNA accumulation but increased the level seen with IL-1alpha treatment by 50%. The synergistic interaction of bryo and IL-1alpha required PKC, since it was antagonized by agents which depleted or inhibited PKC but not by a protein kinase A antagonist. The increase in G-CSF mRNA was associated with a marked increase in mRNA stability. Bryostatin may promote the release of cytokines from several accessory cell populations, including MSC, to accomplish its in vivo hematopoietic effects.