gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate and Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate (1972)

Journal Article Simultaneous Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate and Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Get access ROBERT E. WEHMANN, ROBERT E. WEHMANN *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Albany Medical College Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LAWRENCE BLONDE, LAWRENCE BLONDE *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Albany Medical College Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ALTON L. STEINER ALTON L. STEINER *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Albany Medical College Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 90, Issue 1, 1 January 1972, Pages 330–335, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-90-1-330 Published: 01 January 1972 Article history Received: 14 June 1971 Published: 01 January 1972
Zweck der Versuche (1957)

Um eine Aussage über die Güte der Verbrennung bei technischen Gasfeuerungen machen zu können, ist es notwendig, eine genaue Kenntnis über den Verbrennungsverlauf und über den Grad des Ausbrands zu bekommen. Die Zusammensetzung der Verbrennungsgase wird durch unvollkommene Verbrennung kennzeichnend geändert. Als unvollkommene Verbrennung bezeichnet man allgemein einen Zustand, bei dem noch brennbare Bestandteile neben freiem Sauerstoff auftreten. Die Feuerungskontrolle durch Analyse der Verbrennungsgase muß dies berücksichtigen. Bisher war es vielfach üblich, daß man den Kohlensäuregehalt des Rauchgases, der sich in verhältnismäßig einfacher und zuverlässiger Weise erfassen läßt, für die Beurteilung der Ofenfeuerung heranzog. Der C02-Gehalt, der in eindeutiger Weise mit der Luftverhältniszahl verknüpft ist, nimmt durch unvollkommene Verbrennung ab.
Reduced Adipsin Expression in Murine Obesity: Effect of Age and Treatment with the Sympathomimetic-Thermogenic Drug Mixture Ephedrine and Caffeine* (1990)

Adipsin gene expression is greatly diminished in certain forms of genetic and acquired obesity. In the present study we evaluate the time course for the development of adipsin deficiency in obesity and its regulation by the sympathomimetic-thermogenic drug mixture ephedrine and caffeine. Previously, it was unknown whether adipsin deficiency occurred before or after the development of massive obesity. In the first series of experiments in which mice were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) for the first week of life, we demonstrate that adipsin deficiency occurs early in the development of MSG-induced obesity as evidenced by decreased circulating adipsin concentrations by 1 week of age and deficient adipsin mRNA levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) by 2 weeks. In db/db mice, diminished circulating adipsin was noted at 2 weeks of age. In both models, decreased adipsin gene expression precedes the development of marked obesity. Little is known about the factors which regulate adipsin gene expression in obesity. Common to the ob/ob, db/db and MSG models is diminished thermogenesis and sympathetic nervous system activity. In a second series of experiments we sought to determine whether adipsin deficiency in obesity could be corrected by treatment with ephedrine and caffeine (E+C), a sympathomimetic-thermogenic mixture previously shown to increase thermogenesis and reverse obesity in some models. In the present study, E+C treatment of MSG obese mice reversed obesity and markedly increased serum adipsin and adipsin mRNA levels in WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In ob/ob mice, however, E+C treatment produced a negligible increase in adipsin mRNA levels in WAT and BAT as well as serum adipsin concentrations and this correlated with only a very small decrease in obesity. Thus, the ability of E+C to increase adipsin gene expression correlated with its ability to reverse obesity in these two models. Finally, the effect of E+C on adipsin gene expression may not be exerted directly on the fat cell since treatment of cultured 3T3-F442A adipocytes and isolated rat adipocytes in primary culture produced no effect on adipsin mRNA or secreted protein despite a lipolytic effect as measured by increased glycerol release. In summary, decreased adipsin gene expression occurs early in the development of MSG and db/db obesity and is markedly increased in the MSG model by the sympathomimetic-thermogenic drug mixture, E+C, which also reverses obesity. Elucidation of the factors responsible for these effects may enhance our understanding of fat cell gene regulation and obesity.
Cost-Effective Outcome for Treating Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2003)

Poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with a high mortality but a significant subset of patients can achieve favorable outcomes.
A novel compound heterozygous mutation in TREM2 found in a Turkish frontotemporal dementia-like family (2013)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) homozygous mutations cause Nasu-Hakola disease, an early-onset recessive form of dementia preceded by bone cysts and fractures. The same type of mutations has recently been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) without the presence of any bone phenotype. Here, we further confirm the association of TREM2 mutations with FTD-like phenotypes by reporting the first compound heterozygous mutation in a Turkish family.
Specific Sets of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Drive Excitatory and Inhibitory Circuit Formation (2011)

How are excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) synapses established? Do distinct molecular mechanisms direct differentiation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses? In the brain, glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic connections are formed with specific patterns. To establish such precise synaptic patterns, neurons pass through multiple checkpoints during development, such as cell fate determination, cell migration and localization, axonal guidance and target recognition, and synapse formation. Each stage offers key molecules for neurons/synapses to obtain glutamatergic or GABAergic specificity. Some mechanisms are based on intrinsic systems to induce gene expression, whereas others are based on extrinsic systems mediated by cell-cell or axon-target interactions. Recent studies indicate that specific formation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses is controlled by the expression or activation of different sets of molecules during development. In this review, the authors outline stages critical to the determination of glutamatergic or GABAergic specificity and describe molecules that act as determinants of specificities in each stage, with a particular focus on the synapse formation stage. They also discuss possible mechanisms underlying glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse formation via synapse-type specific synaptic organizers.
Evaluation of Compact Steam/Water Separation Equipment for Gas/Oil Systems (1995)

Abstract The possibility of using existing steam/water separation equipment for compact gas/oil separation applications has been evaluated and is believed feasible. A single separator pair operating at 880 psia is estimated to have a separation capacity of 28,000 BPD oil and 15 MMSCFD gas for a water drive reservoir, and 17,000 BPD oil and 15 MMSCFD gas for a gas drive reservoir. Larger capacities are expected at lower pressure. Efficient separation is expected over a wide range of flows, liquid levels, and pressures. The vertical orientation of the separator allows it to be contained within a 24-inch diameter pressure vessel. Potential areas where this compact separation equipment may be beneficial include primary separation for minimum facility platforms, vertical high pressure gas/liquid separation, retrofit/add-on capacity, combined slug suppression and preseparation, gas/liquid separation for floating production systems and subsea applications. The major benefits are expected to be its compactness, small footprint and weight, and the modularity of the design.
Graphene and graphene oxide and their uses in barrier polymers (2013)

ABSTRACT Currently, there is great interest in graphene‐based devices and applications because graphene has unique electronic and material properties, which can lead to enhanced material performance. Graphene may be used in a wide variety of potential applications from next‐generation transistors to lightweight and high‐strength polymeric composite materials. Graphene, which has atomic thickness and two‐dimensional sizes in the tens of micrometer range or larger, has also been considered a promising nanomaterial in gas‐ or liquid‐barrier applications because perfect graphene sheets do not allow diffusion of small gases or liquids through its plane. Recent molecular simulations and experiments have demonstrated that graphene and its derivatives can be used for barrier applications. In general, graphene and its derivatives can be applied via two major routes for barrier polymer applications. One is the transfer or coating of few‐layered, ultrathin graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), on polymeric substrates. The other is the incorporation of fully exfoliated GO or rGO nanosheets into the polymeric matrix. In this article, we review the state‐of‐the‐art research on the use of graphene, GO, and rGO for barrier applications, including few‐layered graphene or its derivatives in coated polymeric films and polymer nanocomposites consisting of chemically exfoliated GO and rGO nanosheets, and their gas‐barrier properties. As compared to other nanomaterials being used for barrier applications, the advantages and current limitations are discussed to highlight challenging issues for future research and the potential applications of graphene/polymer, GO/polymer, and rGO/polymer composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39628.
A Novel Microbiome Therapeutic Increases Gut Microbial Diversity and Prevents Recurrent<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection (2016)

SER-109 successfully prevented CDI and had a favorable safety profile, supporting a novel microbiome-based intervention as a potential therapy for recurrent CDI.
CAR-Based Strategies beyond T Lymphocytes: Integrative Opportunities for Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR Ts) produced impressive clinical results against selected hematological malignancies, but the extension of CAR T cell therapy to the challenging field of solid tumors has not, so far, replicated similar clinical outcomes. Many efforts are currently dedicated to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-based adoptive immunotherapies, including application against solid tumors. A promising approach is CAR engineering of immune effectors different from αβT lymphocytes. Herein we reviewed biological features, therapeutic potential, and safety of alternative effectors to conventional CAR T cells: γδT, natural killer (NK), NKT, or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. The intrinsic CAR-independent antitumor activities, safety profile, and ex vivo expansibility of these alternative immune effectors may favorably contribute to the clinical development of CAR strategies. The proper biological features of innate immune response effectors may represent an added value in tumor settings with heterogeneous CAR target expression, limiting the risk of tumor clonal escape. All these properties bring out CAR engineering of alternative immune effectors as a promising integrative option to be explored in future clinical studies.
Theoretical perspective to analyze organizational strategy for information and communications technology standards (2007)

Standardization of innovative technology can create great competitive advantage for organizations. In addition, the consequences of interactions between organizations as they implement their standards strategies can have tremendous socio-economic impact, especially with the current convergence in information and communications technology. The existing research on standards uses economic theories to explain how economic factors stimulate technology standardization and game theory to analyze how organizations collaborate on standardization, but these theories both overlook the issue of how organizations make decisions about their standards strategies and the results of their interactions with other actors. Thus, the research question presented in this paper is: how do organizations reach their strategies for standards during and after the standardization process? To answer this question, we need a holistic perspective to analyze the context of organizational standards strategy, including the situation of any given organization and how the organization interprets its situation to choose or develop a certain strategy. This research presents a framework based on combining two theories, ANT (Actor Network Theory) and Self-organized Complexity.
Novel composite polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) and poly (5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) (2014)

Heterocyclic molecules are generally used in the proton conducting membranes as dopant or polymer side group due to their high proton transfer ability. Composite proton conducting membranes based on poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) (PMTet) were produced. The homopolymers, prepared from their corresponding monomers, were blended at several mol ratios to obtain the polymer electrolyte membranes. All samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differantial scanning calorimetry (DSC), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and impedance analysis. Besides, the morphology of the membranes was studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonding network between PVPA and PMTet units. TGA showed that the polymer electrolyte membranes were thermally stable up to ∼210°C. CV curves demonstrated the oxidative stability of the samples in 3 V region. In anhydrous conditions, the maximum proton conductivity was determined as 0.06 Scm −1 at 150°C for PMTetP(VPA) 4 . POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:260–269, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reduction of Out of Band Radiation Using Modified Constellation Expansion in OFDM based Cognitive Radio (2016)

Out of band radiation (OOBR) is one of the major problems in OFDM based Cognitive Radios. In the spectrum sharing scenario, OOBR generates appreciable interference to the primary user, even if its spectrum band is not used. The basic cause of this OOBR is the rectangular shaped OFDM symbol. To mitigate the effects of the OOBR, a number of techniques have been proposed in the literature. These techniques shape the OFDM symbol either in time or in frequency domain. Time domain techniques achieve OOBR reduction by using smoother windows. But this reduces the overall throughput of the system. In frequency domain techniques, some of the subcarriers are either used as guard band or reserved for interference cancellation. These subcarriers do not carry any data and as such reduce the spectral efficiency of the system. In this paper, we use different variants of Constellation expansion (CE) technique to reduce OOBR. CE techniques do not suffer from throughput reduction or spectral efficiency loss, as the original symbols are mapped to a higher order constellation set and the symbol sequence is replaced by a new sequence that produces minimum OOBR. We study different mapping techniques based on single bit or two bit mapping of CE technique. We show through simulations that two bit mapping of CE technique gives appreciable improvement over the basic CE technique.
Fast crash recovery in distributed file systems (1995)

This thesis presents fast crash recovery: a simple, efficient, and inexpensive method for increasing availability in distributed systems. In fast crash recovery we assume that critical resources will fail, and we do not attempt to mask the failures with redundant hardware or software. Instead, we design the system to recover so quickly that there is little downtime. This approach is intended for environments that can tolerate occasional failures and cannot afford the cost and overhead of redundant resources. <p>In particular, I focus on fast recovery of distributed state. An example of distributed state is the file caching information maintained by servers in most modern file systems. This information describes the state of file caches on client workstations. After a crash, a server must recover this information in order to guarantee the consistency of the caches. Unfortunately, distributed state recovery can be slow and complex. The techniques I have developed reduce state recovery from several minutes to under six seconds for a Sprite file server with 40 clients. <p>This thesis evaluates three distributed state recovery techniques based on their speed, complexity, and performance overhead. In client-driven recovery clients send their state information to the server after a crash. The server uses this information to regenerate its copy of the distributed state. Server-driven recovery is a modification of client-driven recovery that is faster and eliminates cache inconsistencies that can arise during client-driven recovery. The fastest technique is transparent recovery, so-called because client workstations do not communicate with the server during recovery. Instead, the server stores its distributed state in a protected area of its own main memory called the recovery box. The interface to the recovery box helps detect and prevent corruption of this state information. <p>To achieve fast overall recovery times, we must also recover other parts of the system quickly. For example, we can eliminate a lengthy file system consistency check by using a log-structured file system that recovers in seconds. By combining the improvements described in this thesis, a Sprite file server can reboot in under 30 seconds. This is two orders of magnitude faster than most modern file systems recover. <p>In addition to evaluating distributed state recovery techniques, this thesis presents some overall guidelines for designing distributed systems that will recover quickly from crashes
A new MOSFET-C universal filter structure for VLSI (1988)

A continuous-time all-MOS universal filter structure is proposed. The structure is based on the MOSFET-C design approach. It achieves complete MOS nonlinearity cancellation and does not require the use of fully balanced op-amps. General topological requirements are established that are necessary for the conversion of active-RC prototypes to MOSFET-C counterparts, such that MOS nonlinearity cancellation is achieved. Accordingly, a universal active-RC prototype filter structure, which meets the necessary requirements, is presented and its MOSFET-C version is developed. Nonideal effects that may degrade the performance at high frequency are discussed and ways for improvement are proposed. Results obtained from a test chip have verified the viability of the proposed structures. The chip is an implementation of a MOSFET-C universal filter in a 3.5- mu m CMOS process. The filter is successfully tuned over a wide range of pole frequencies (0 to 100 kHz) using op-amps with a measured gain bandwidth of only 1.2 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development and Dynamic Regulation of Mitochondrial Network in Human Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiated from iPSCs (2016)

Mitochondria are critical to neurogenesis, but the mechanisms of mitochondria in neurogenesis have not been well explored. We fully characterized mitochondrial alterations and function in relation to the development of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Following directed differentiation of hiPSCs to DA neurons, mitochondria in these neurons exhibit pronounced changes during differentiation, including mature neurophysiology characterization and functional synaptic network formation. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chains via application of complex IV inhibitor KCN (potassium cyanide) or complex I inhibitor rotenone restricted neurogenesis of DA neurons. These results demonstrated the direct importance of mitochondrial development and bioenergetics in DA neuronal differentiation. Our study also provides a neurophysiologic model of mitochondrial involvement in neurogenesis, which will enhance our understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases.
Tissue selectivity of KMD-3213, an alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor antagonist, in human prostate and vasculature. (2000)

These results suggest that KMD-3213 is a substantially prostate-selective alpha 1-AR antagonist in human tissues compared with other alpha 1-AR antagonists.
Chikungunya Virus and the Global Spread of a Mosquito-Borne Disease (2015)

Comment in Chikungunya Virus Infections. [N Engl J Med. 2015] Chikungunya Virus Infections. [N Engl J Med. 2015] Chikungunya Virus Infections. [N Engl J Med. 2015]
Cure: Strong Semantics Meets High Availability and Low Latency (2016)

Developers of cloud-scale applications face a difficult decision of which kind of storage to use, summarised by the CAP theorem. Currently the choice is between classical CP databases, which provide strong guarantees but are slow, expensive, and unavailable under partition, and NoSQL-style AP databases, which are fast and available, but too hard to program against. We present an alternative: Cure provides the highest level of guarantees that remains compatible with availability. These guarantees include: causal consistency (no ordering anomalies), atomicity (consistent multi-key updates), and support for high-level data types (developer friendly API) with safe resolution of concurrent updates (guaranteeing convergence). These guarantees minimise the anomalies caused by parallelism and distribution, thus facilitating the development of applications. This paper presents the protocols for highly available transactions, and an experimental evaluation showing that Cure is able to achieve scalability similar to eventually-consistent NoSQL databases, while providing stronger guarantees.