gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dramatic effects of hole transport layer on the efficiency of iridium-based organic light-emitting diodes (2004)

Electroluminescent efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes with Ir-based emitter depends strongly on the nature of the hole transport layer used. The efficiency is not correlated with the oxidation potential of the hole transport material. Instead, we found that many of the hole transport materials used can quench the photoluminescence intensity of the Ir green emitter and the photoluminescent quenching efficiency correlates well with the device efficiency. Based on the pulse radiolysis energy transfer experiments, we established the origin of the photoluminescent quenching as due to energy transfer from the excited state of Ir green emitter to the triplet state of the hole transport material.
Clinical Aspects of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (1994)

Amyloid depositions mainly consist of proteins with a fibrillary structure. A large number of different proteins have amyloidogenic properties. Amyloids are now categorized on the basis of their chemical structure, but the clinical classification of localized and systemic amyloid is still useful. The proteins that can be found in cerebral amyloid angiopathy are cystatin C, beta/A4 and transthyretin. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can remain symptom-free, but can also give a broad spectrum of clinical and radiological manifestations, including (vascular) dementia, cerebellar and cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and leukoencephalopathy. It is debated whether amyloid angiopathy plays a causative role in Alzheimer's disease, but it is strongly correlated with the presence of cerebral plaques. In this review, the clinical spectrum of cerebral amyloid angiopathy will be described, based on retrospective studies from the literature. Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) will be presented as a 'prospective' model to study the clinical effects of amyloid angiopathy.
Improve NTRU algorithm based on Chebyshev polynomial (2015)

This paper aims to produce a new improvement on NTRU cryptography algorithm based on using the security properties of curve fitting operations and efficient properties that appear in chaotic system. The proposed algorithm represent by combine between (Bezier Quadratic Curve) and (Chebyshev polynomial) features to increase the security for key generation and encryption stages of NTRU algorithm stages based on increase the polynomial generation robust. According of experimental results and the comparison the results between the standard NTRU and improved NTRU that proposed in this paper shown, increase in complexity with keep the same time when compare with original NTRU algorithm as execution time factor. The indications that the proposed improvement on NTRU algorithm succeed to provide the efficiency and accuracy in work and the results are encouraging.
Improved ion extraction from a linear octopole ion trap: SIMION analysis and experimental demonstration (2002)

Externally generated ions are accumulated in a linear octopole ion trap before injection into our 9.4 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass analyzer. Such instrumental configuration has previously been shown to provide improved sensitivity, scan rate, and duty cycle relative to accumulated trapping in the ICR cell. However, inefficient ion ejection from the octopole currently limits both detection limit and scan rate. SIMION 7.0 analysis predicts that a dc axial electric field inside the linear octopole ion trap expedites and synchronizes the efficient extraction of the octopole-accumulated ions. Further SIMION analysis optimizes the ion ejection properties of each of three electrode configurations designed to produce a near-linear axial potential gradient. More efficient extraction and transfer of accumulated ions spanning a wide m/z range promises to reduce detection limit and increase front-end sampling rate (e.g., to increase front-end resolution for separation techniques coupled with FT-ICR mass analysis). Addition of the axial field improves experimental signal-to-noise ratio by more than an order of magnitude.
ES Cell‐Derived Glial Precursors Contribute to Remyelination in Acutely Demyelinated Spinal Cord Lesions (2005)

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells have emerged as a powerful tool for disease modeling and neural regeneration. Transplantation studies in rodents indicate that ES cell-derived glial precursors (ESGPs) efficiently restore myelin in dysmyelinating mutants and chemically induced foci of myelin loss. Here we explore the myelination potential of ESGPs in an antibody/complement-induced demyelination model. Microinjection of an antibody to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and complement was employed to generate circumscribed areas of demyelination in the adult rat spinal cord. ESGPs transplanted into 2-day-old lesions were found to survive and differentiate into both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The engrafted cells remained largely confined to the lesion site and showed no evidence of tumor formation up until 4 weeks after transplantation. Within areas of pronounced microglial activation and macrophage extravasation, engrafted ES cell-derived oligodendrocytes contacted and enwrapped host axons and alongside endogenous glia, contributed to the formation of new myelin sheaths. These findings demonstrate that ESGPs transplanted into acutely demyelinated lesions can contribute to myelin repair.
Overview of Gram-Negative Sepsis (1990)

An overview of gram-negative sepsis is presented, and the need for improved treatment for this condition is emphasized. The availability of new and more potent antimicrobial agents has not substantially altered the mortality from sepsis and septic shock. Gram-negative infection, bacteremia, sepsis, and septic shock remain major clinical problems, particularly among hospitalized patients. The estimated incidence of gram-negative sepsis in the United States alone is 200,000 cases annually. The predominant pathogens are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality is strongly influenced by the host's clinical status and age and the development of shock; it may reach 90% in patients with rapidly fatal disease. Analysis of risk factors and use of criteria for categorizing severity of disease can be helpful in designing new treatments, identifying potential recipients of such agents, and evaluating outcome of therapy. Because bacterial endotoxin plays a pivotal role in triggering the biological cascade of mediators in the septic process, a new therapy has been developed, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies that neutralize lipopolysaccharide by binding to lipid A. Successful treatment of gram-negative sepsis requires appropriate patient identification and timely intervention. While antimicrobial agents remain important, monoclonal antibodies hold promise as a new therapeutic intervention.
Spatial-temporal modulation of CCN proteins during wound healing in human skin in vivo (2011)

CCN proteins are important modulators of development and function of adult organs. In this study, we examined the localization and expression of the six CCN family members in normal adult human skin and during wound healing in vivo. Transcript and protein expression were studied by laser-capture microdissection-coupled real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CCN1, CCN4, and CCN6 are expressed at relatively low levels in normal human skin. CCN2, CCN3, and CCN5 are the most highly expressed transcripts in the epidermis. CCN3 and CCN5 proteins are prominent in epidermal keratinocytes, whereas CCN2 is primarily expressed in melanocytes. Differential expression within epidermal layers suggests that CCN3 and CCN5 are linked with keratinocyte differentiation. CCN2, CCN3 and CCN5, are the three most highly expressed transcripts in the dermis. Their respective proteins are produced to various extents by dermal fibroblasts, blood vessels, eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles. We find that most CCN family members are temporally and specifically regulated during different phases (inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling) of partial thickness wound repair. By highlighting spatial-temporal regulations of CCN family member expression in relation to cell proliferation and differentiation, our results suggest a diverse range of functions for CCN proteins in both epidermal and dermal cells, and provides a solid reference for interpretation of future studies aimed at understanding the role of CCN proteins in human skin physiology and diseases.
An all-optical modulator based on a stereo graphene–microfiber structure (2015)

An in-line, all-optical fiber modulator based on a stereo graphene–microfiber structure (GMF) utilizing the lab-on-rod technique was demonstrated in this study. Owing to its unique spring-like geometry, an ultra-long GMF interaction can be achieved, and a modulation depth of ∼7.5 dB (∼2.5 dB) and a modulation efficiency of ∼0.2 dB mW−1 (∼0.07 dB mW−1) were demonstrated for two polarization states. The modulation depth and modulation efficiency are more than one order of magnitude larger than those of other graphene–microfiber hybrid all-optical modulators, although at the cost of a higher insertion loss. By further optimizing the transferring and cleaning process, the upper limit of the modulation depth is mainly determined by the loss from the intrinsic absorption, which depends on the light–graphene interaction. Then, the modulator can quickly switch between the on-state and the off-state with a theoretically maximized modulation depth of tens of decibels. This modulator is compatible with the current fiber-optic communication systems and may be applied in the near future to meet the impending need for ultrafast optical signal processing. A polarization-sensitive all-optical fiber modulator based on a graphene–microfiber structure has been demonstrated by researchers in China. All-optical modulators with high modulation speeds, sufficient modulation depth and wide optical bandwidth are needed to realize ultrafast optical signal processing. Now, Fei Xu and co-workers at Nanjing University have fabricated an all-optical fiber modulator whose modulation depth and efficiency are more than ten times greater than previous all-optical modulators based on graphene and microfibers. These properties originate from its very long interaction length resulting from its spring-like geometry. The researchers consider that even better performance can be achieved by using higher quality graphene and improving the transfer and wrapping of the graphene in the fabrication process. Since the modulator is compatible with existing fiber-optic communication systems, it may find rapid application for ultrafast optical signal processing.
Protetores solares (2007)

SUNSCREENS. Health problems related to UV radiation can be minimized by the appropriate use of sunscreens. Different kinds of sunscreens are reported in the literature, even though there is a misleading denomination among them and few discussions are presented about how they work. This paper describes some important aspects in order to understand sunscreen phenomena such as: solar radiation effect, type of solar filters, protection mechanism, formulations and solar protection factor (SPF). Moreover the importance of Chemistry and the interdisciplinary studies related to sunscreens and cosmetic researches are emphasized.
Double-Blind Clinical Trials of Oral Triptans <i>Vs</i> Other Classes of Acute Migraine Medication — A Review (2004)

Although the migraine clinical trials literature is enormous, we identified only nine published double-blind studies which compare an oral triptan with a non-triptan acute treatment. Of the nine comparative trials that met inclusion criteria for this review, six compared sumatriptan with other drugs, zolmitriptan was studied in two trials and eletriptan in one trial. In seven of the nine studies reviewed herein, differences between active treatments on the primary endpoints were not dramatic. Experience in clinical practice suggests that, for many patients, oral triptans are superior to non-specific acute treatments, creating a discrepancy between clinical trials results and clinical practice experience. Four possible explanations for the disparities between clinical trials and clinical practice are likely: (i) statistically significant differences may not have emerged because the studies lack adequate statistical power; (ii) patients treated with triptans in clinical practice may be relatively more responsive to triptans and relatively less responsive to other agents than those who participate in clinical trials (patient selection); (iii) headache response at 2 h, as measured in clinical trials, may not fully capture the benefits of triptans relative to other therapies, as assessed in clinical practice; (iv) waiting until pain is moderate or severe, as required in clinical trials, may disadvantage triptans relative to comparators.
Recognition and Activation by Ureas and Thioureas: Stereoselective Reactions Using Ureas and Thioureas as Hydrogen‐Bonding Donors (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self-monitoring Using Mobile Phones in the Early Stages of Adolescent Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00794222; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00794222 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/65lldW34k).
<i>Salmonella</i>-Induced Caspase-2 Activation in Macrophages (2000)

The enterobacterial pathogen Salmonella induces phagocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These bacteria use a specialized type III secretion system to export a virulence factor, SipB, which directly activates the host's apoptotic machinery by targeting caspase-1. Caspase-1 is not involved in most apoptotic processes but plays a major role in cytokine maturation. We show that caspase-1-deficient macrophages undergo apoptosis within 4-6 h of infection with invasive bacteria. This process requires SipB, implying that this protein can initiate the apoptotic machinery by regulating components distinct from caspase-1. Invasive Salmonella typhimurium targets caspase-2 simultaneously with, but independently of, caspase-1. Besides caspase-2, the caspase-1-independent pathway involves the activation of caspase-3, -6, and -8 and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, none of which occurs during caspase-1-dependent apoptosis. By using caspase-2 knockout macrophages and chemical inhibition, we establish a role for caspase-2 in both caspase-1-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Particularly, activation of caspase-1 during fast Salmonella-induced apoptosis partially relies on caspase-2. The ability of Salmonella to induce caspase-1-independent macrophage apoptosis may play a role in situations in which activation of this protease is either prevented or uncoupled from the induction of apoptosis.
Bringing data base technology to the programmer (1974)

This paper reports work toward melding some ideas from data base management with currently popular views of structured programming. The basic idea is to allow all data structures used inside programs (instead of just those in an external data base) to be described at multiple conceptual levels by a separate definition. This approach brings to programmers the benefits of data independence and also allows structured programming to have its hitherto unrealized full effect on data.
Effective Call Center Management: Evidence from Financial Services (1999)

Call centers are quickly becoming the major point of contact for serving customers and generating new revenue in a variety of industries. No where is this growth in the importance of call centers more apparent than in the financial services industry. This paper presents the results of a survey of the management of call center operations at major financial service firms. The results clearly indicate the importance of human resource management practices and technology in creating high-performance call center environments.
Gender-Dependent Associations of Metabolite Profiles and Body Fat Distribution in a Healthy Population with Central Obesity: Towards Metabolomics Diagnostics (2012)

Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes especially when the fat is accumulated to central depots. Novel biomarkers are crucial to develop diagnostics for obesity and related metabolic disorders. We evaluated the associations between metabolite profiles (136 lipid components, 12 lipoprotein subclasses, 17 low-molecular-weight metabolites, 12 clinical markers) and 28 phenotype parameters (including different body fat distribution parameters such as android (A), gynoid (G), abdominal visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT) fat) in 215 plasma/serum samples from healthy overweight men (n=32) and women (n=83) with central obesity. (Partial) correlation analysis and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis showed that only specific metabolites were associated to A:G ratio, VAT, and SAT, respectively. These association patterns were gender dependent. For example, insulin, cholesterol, VLDL, and certain triacylglycerols (TG 54:1-3) correlated to VAT in women, while in men VAT was associated with TG 50:1-5, TG 55:1, phosphatidylcholine (PC 32:0), and VLDL ((X)L). Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that waist circumference and total fat were sufficient to predict VAT and SAT in women. In contrast, only VAT but not SAT could be predicted in men and only when plasma metabolites were included, with PC 32:0 being most strongly associated with VAT. These findings collectively highlight the potential of metabolomics in obesity and that gender differences need to be taken into account for novel biomarker and diagnostic discovery for obesity and metabolic disorders.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurotrophin-3 Enhance Somatostatin Gene Expression through a Likely Direct Effect on Hypothalamic Somatostatin Neurons* (1999)

Although neurotrophins (NTs) have been extensively studied as neuronal survival factors in some areas of the central nervous system, little is known about their function or cellular targets in the hypothalamus. To understand their functional significance and sites of action on hypothalamic neurons, we examined the effects of their cognate ligands on neuropeptide content and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in somatostatin neurons present in fetal rat hypothalamic cultures. Treatments were performed in defined insulin-free medium between days 6 and 8 of culture, since the maximal effects of NTs on somatostatin content and mRNA expression were observed after 48-h incubations. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NT-3, but not nerve growth factor, induced a dose-dependent increase in somatostatin content, which was influenced by plating density. The same treatment increased somatostatin mRNA and immunostaining intensity of somatostatin neurons, but had no effect on the number of these labeled neurons. The increased levels of somatostatin (peptide and mRNA) induced by NTs were not blocked by tetrodotoxin or by glutamate receptor antagonists, suggesting that endogenous neurotransmitters (e.g. glutamate) were not involved in these effects. In contrast, the stimulatory effects were completely blocked by K-252a, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptors, whereas the less active analog K-252b was ineffective. Double-labeling studies demonstrated that both TrkB or TrkC receptors were located on somatostatin neurons. Our results show that, in rat hypothalamic cultures, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and NT-3 have a potent stimulatory effect on peptide synthesis in somatostatinergic neurons, likely through direct activation of TrkB and TrkC receptors.
Osteopontin Deficiency Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Female Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2003)

These results suggest that OPN plays a promoting effect in atherosclerosis and inhibitory effect in vascular calcification. The suppression of OPN expression in females should be considered a therapeutic possibility in atherosclerosis.
Effective Management of Chronic Kidney Disease by Using Ayurvedic Interventions: A Case Report (2021)

Renal failure causes a significant rise in the creatinine level, urea nitrogen, fluctuation in serum potassium and high sodium level in the blood. In 2017, 1.2 million deaths of CKD were reported world widely. Kidney transplant, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are some modern methods used to treat renal failure in allopathy. These therapies and treatment are very expensive and unaffordable by the people of low income and middle-income countries. In India, Ayurveda is a conventional practice which is used since ancient times to treat number of disorders without any side effects. A case report of renal failure patient using Ayurvedic treatment is well defined here. A 53-year-old married Sikh, non-alcoholic, nonsmoking male diagnosed with renal failure presented in the Divya Upchar Sansthan, Chandigarh on October 2020. The patient was clinically assessed by Jeebha pariksha (tongue examination) and Naadi pariksha (pulse examination). Patient was administered with Ayurvedic medicines for the duration of six month of treatment. Patient was investigated for the functioning of kidney and hemoglobin before and after initiating Ayurvedic treatment which indicated an improvement in urea, creatinine and uric acid level. From this case study it is shown that chronic kidney disease can be managed by using Ayurvedic treatment without the need of hemodialysis.
IoT Based Energy Efficacious Smart Hygiene System (2021)

Due to increase in population in India, the cleanliness in our nation is under risk. When it comes to the case of public washrooms, it is difficult to maintain proper hygiene. The main motto of the proposed work is to maintain cleanliness and proper hygiene in public washrooms by eliminating the man-power required in cleaning. In the existing system, there are no automated devices that are being used in public washrooms. The person who has used it, has to flush it. In our proposed system, public washrooms are maintained automatically. With Arduino as microcontroller to automate the process. To save energy, lights are turned on and off as the person enters and leaves the washroom. After the person leaves the washroom, the water flush will be automatically turned on for a pre-fixed duration of time. After the washroom is used for four times, the door will be closed and an arm with a cleaning brush attached to it is used to clean the washroom. While the arm is cleaning, a flush is enabled for using a chemical liquid. The status of the washroom is displayed on an LCD display that is fixed on the door. If the level of chemical liquid goes low, a message is sent to the authorities that a refill is required. Internet-of-Things is used to automate and monitor the cleanliness of the washrooms.
Mo ∕ Al ∕ Mo ∕ Au Ohmic contact scheme for AlxGa1−xN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors annealed at 500 °C (2006)

Low-resistance Ohmic contacts on Al0.3Ga0.7N∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were formed with a Mo∕Al∕Mo∕Au metallization scheme which was annealed at a relatively low temperature of 500 °C. A contact resistance of 0.11±0.05Ωmm and a specific contact resistivity of 2.63×10−7Ωcm2 were achieved. This represents the best low-temperature-annealed Ohmic contacts on GaN-based HEMTs achieved to date.