gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Effects of Adjusting Hearing-Aid Gain by Means of a Machine-Learning Approach Based on Individual User Preference (2019)

This study investigated a method to adjust hearing-aid gain by use of a machine-learning algorithm that estimates the optimal setting of gain parameters based on user preference indicated in an iterative paired-comparison procedure. Twenty hearing-impaired participants completed this procedure for 12 different sound scenarios. During the adjustment procedure, their task was to indicate a preference based on one of three sound attributes: Basic Audio Quality, Listening Comfort, or Speech Clarity. In a double-blind comparison of recordings of the processed scenarios, and using the same attributes as criteria, the adjusted gain settings were subsequently compared with two prescribed settings of the same hearing aid (with and without activation of an automatic sound-classification system). The results showed that the adjustment method provided a general improvement of Basic Audio Quality, an improvement of Listening Comfort in a traffic-noise scenario but not in three scenarios with speech babble, and no significant improvement of Speech Clarity. A large variation in gain adjustments was observed across participants, both among those who did benefit and among those who did not benefit from the adjustment. There was no clear connection between the gain adjustments and the perceived benefit, which indicates that the preferred gain settings for a given sound scenario and a given listening intention are highly individual and difficult to predict.
Adaptive Wearout Management with in-situ aging monitors (2014)

In this work, the fundamental elements towards an Adaptive Wearout Management (AWM) of digital circuits are presented including a new generation of in-situ aging monitors. The warning flags allow circuits to execute instructions in a fault-free way with large power savings up to 40%.
An analysis of the effects of fertility on women’s spatial mobility in the Philippines (1991)

Although numerous studies have been conducted on the interaction between fertility and migration in the context of rapid population growth in developing countries, little has been said about the impact of fertility on migration. Instead attention has been focused disproportionately on the effects of migration on fertility (Myers, 1966; Macisco et al., 1970; Zarate and Zarate, 1975; Magnani, 1980; Goldstein and Goldstein, 1981, 1983; Weller and Bouvier, 1981; Findley, 1982; Berry, 1983; Lee and Farber, 1984).
WebCT and first year (1997)

Our previous experiments with the World Wide Web (WWW) as an educational resource focused on a third year Computer Science course. The results were very positive showing a high degree of student satisfaction and improved academic performance. Our intuition, however, made us question whether the same would be true for a first year course given that the students are new to the university environment and often less willing to participate in class. Thus we performed an experiment comparing the difference between third and first year students in their reaction to and use of educational technologies. Overall we have found the use and acceptance of these resources to be higher for our third year students than for our first.
Laser reshaping of nasal septum cartilage: clinical results for 40 patients (2000)

Clinical results on sparing laser reshaping of nasal septum cartilage are reported for the first time. Forty patients have been treated with holmium laser to correct a deformed cartilage. The laser reshaping is a bloodless, painless procedure which takes few minutes to straighten nasal septum. The stability of the new shape and possible side effects have been examined during twelve months. The headache and other negative symptoms have disappeared, as a result of laser treatment for the most of patients. Rhinoscopic examination show an excellent long-term reshaping effects for nasal septum of 23 patients, and, also, good results for other 12 patients. For 5 patients only a little effect takes place. Our rhinomanometric examinations demonstrate a pronounced improvement of the breathing for 35 patients. No visible undesirable side effects were observed for all patients underwent to laser reshaping procedure.
Diffuseness estimation using temporal variation of intensity vectors (2009)

In energetic analysis, the diffuseness of the sound field is traditionally estimated as the proportion of the magnitude of net flow of energy and the total energy. In this article, a novel method for estimating diffuseness in the energetic analysis is presented, where the temporal variation of sound intensity vectors is utilized. The proposed and traditional methods produce similar diffuseness estimation with two- and three-dimensional sound field representations. However, the use of the novel method has notable benefit in the one-dimensional sound field analysis, where more reliable diffuseness estimation is achieved than with the traditional method.
The Wnt signalling pathway is upregulated in an in vitro model of acquired tamoxifen resistant breast cancer (2013)

Abstract Background Acquired resistance to Tamoxifen remains a critical problem in breast cancer patient treatment, yet the underlying causes of resistance have not been fully elucidated. Abberations in the Wnt signalling pathway have been linked to many human cancers, including breast cancer, and appear to be associated with more metastatic and aggressive types of cancer. Here, our aim was to investigate if this key pathway was involved in acquired Tamoxifen resistance, and could be targeted therapeutically. Methods An in vitro model of acquired Tamoxifen resistance (named TamR) was generated by growing the estrogen receptor alpha (ER) positive MCF7 breast cancer cell line in increasing concentrations of Tamoxifen (up to 5 uM). Alterations in the Wnt signalling pathway and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to Tamoxifen and treatment with the Wnt inhibitor, IWP-2 were measured via quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and TOP/FOP Wnt reporter assays. Resistance to Tamoxifen, and effects of IWP-2 treatment were determined by MTT proliferation assays. Results TamR cells exhibited increased Wnt signalling as measured via the TOP/FOP Wnt luciferase reporter assays. Genes associated with both the β-catenin dependent (AXIN2, MYC, CSNK1A1) and independent arms (ROR2, JUN), as well as general Wnt secretion (PORCN) of the Wnt signalling pathway were upregulated in the TamR cells compared to the parental MCF7 cell line. Treatment of the TamR cell line with human recombinant Wnt3a (rWnt3a) further increased the resistance of both MCF7 and TamR cells to the anti-proliferative effects of Tamoxifen treatment. TamR cells demonstrated increased expression of EMT markers (VIM, TWIST1, SNAI2) and decreased CDH1, which may contribute to their resistance to Tamoxifen. Treatment with the Wnt inhibitor, IWP-2 inhibited cell proliferation and markers of EMT. Conclusions These data support the role of the Wnt signalling pathway in acquired resistance to Tamoxifen. Further research into the mechanism by which activated Wnt signalling inhibits the effects of Tamoxifen should be undertaken. As a number of small molecules targeting the Wnt pathway are currently in pre-clinical development, combinatorial treatment with endocrine agents and Wnt pathway inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic option in the future for a subset of breast cancer patients.
Swim Pressure: Stress Generation in Active Matter (2014)

We discover a new contribution to the pressure (or stress) exerted by a suspension of self-propelled bodies. Through their self-motion, all active matter systems generate a unique swim pressure that is entirely athermal in origin. The origin of the swim pressure is based upon the notion that an active body would swim away in space unless confined by boundaries-this confinement pressure is precisely the swim pressure. Here we give the micromechanical basis for the swim stress and use this new perspective to study self-assembly and phase separation in active soft matter. The swim pressure gives rise to a nonequilibrium equation of state for active matter with pressure-volume phase diagrams that resemble a van der Waals loop from equilibrium gas-liquid coexistence. Theoretical predictions are corroborated by Brownian dynamics simulations. Our new swim stress perspective can help analyze and exploit a wide class of active soft matter, from swimming bacteria to catalytic nanobots to molecular motors that activate the cellular cytoskeleton.
Location management for hierarchically organized mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

A geography-based grid location service (GLS), proposed elsewhere, has resulted in a scalable location management service for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) where packet forwarding decisions are based on geographic position. A similarly scalable location management strategy has been devised for MANETs that employ hierarchical link state routing. Both approaches employ hierarchical principles to facilitate scalability. However, currently proposed approaches for hierarchical link state routing rely on a designated subset of nodes for location management. Such nodes represent potential sites of hot spot contention. In this paper, it is proposed that by applying the distributed database selection technique of GLS, a hierarchical location management scheme may be realized for MANETs based on link state routing that equitably distributes location server functionality among network nodes. Second, it is shown that location registration overhead per node for hierarchical location management is only logarithmic in the node count.
Design of Totally Self-Checking Checker for 1-out-of-3 Code (1984)

A combinational totally self-checking checker for the 1-out-of-3 code using a combined fixed-weight code is presented. The design method is illustrated by an example.
Spatio-Temporal Filter Adaptive Network for Video Deblurring (2019)

Video deblurring is a challenging task due to the spatially variant blur caused by camera shake, object motions, and depth variations, etc. Existing methods usually estimate optical flow in the blurry video to align consecutive frames or approximate blur kernels. However, they tend to generate artifacts or cannot effectively remove blur when the estimated optical flow is not accurate. To overcome the limitation of separate optical flow estimation, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Filter Adaptive Network (STFAN) for the alignment and deblurring in a unified framework. The proposed STFAN takes both blurry and restored images of the previous frame as well as blurry image of the current frame as input, and dynamically generates the spatially adaptive filters for the alignment and deblurring. We then propose the new Filter Adaptive Convolutional (FAC) layer to align the deblurred features of the previous frame with the current frame and remove the spatially variant blur from the features of the current frame. Finally, we develop a reconstruction network which takes the fusion of two transformed features to restore the clear frames. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluation results on the benchmark datasets and real-world videos demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, speed as well as model size.
Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent (1993)

Ernest Boris Chain (Fig. I) was born and educated in Berlin. He obtained his doctor of philosophy from Friedrich-Whilhelms University in 1933, majoring in chemistry and physiology. Initially, he worked as a biochemist in the Institute for Pathology at the Charité Hospital in Berlin, but in 1933, because of the rise of the Nazi regime, he moved to England, where he became a British citizen. For two years, he worked in the School of Biochemistry at Cambridge, and then moved to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford, where he worked with Professor Howard Florey. Florey called his attention to the paper published by Alexander Fleming in 1928 which reported the observation that the mould, Penicillium notatum, produced a bacteria-inhibiting substance that Fleming had not been able to isolate. In collaboration with Florey, Chain began the study of antibacterial substances produced by microorganisms, which culminated with the discovery of the therapeutic properties of pure penicillin. This work was done under severe financial hardship because of limited support by the British Medical Research Council. Although Chain was able to produce small amounts of penicillin, he lacked the enormous resources that permitted laboratories in the United States to rapidly produce commercial quantities of the material. In 1945, Chain, Florey, and Fleming shared the Nobel Prize for “the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.” Unable to get the research support that he believed he deserved, Chain moved to Rome where he organized a Department of Biochemistry at the State Institute of Health. At the International Centre for Chemical Microbiology, he finally had the facilities he needed for continuing his work. In 1964, Chain returned to London to the Imperial College where a well-funded position had been created for him. The last years of his life were filled with additional honors, including a knighthood in 1969. The following paper, published in 1940, was the first to establish that penicillin was effective against bacteria in vivo as well as in vitro, and opened up a new era in the treatment of bacterial infections. Leonard F. Peltier. M.D., PHD.
Identification of the T-Type Calcium Channel (Ca<sub>V</sub>3.1d) in Developing Mouse Heart (2001)

During cardiac development, there is a reciprocal relationship between cardiac morphogenesis and force production (contractility). In the early embryonic myocardium, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed, and plasma membrane calcium (Ca(2+)) channels are critical for maintaining both contractility and excitability. In the present study, we identified the Ca(V)3.1d mRNA expressed in embryonic day 14 (E14) mouse heart. Ca(V)3.1d is a splice variant of the alpha1G, T-type Ca(2+) channel. Immunohistochemical localization showed expression of alpha1G Ca(2+) channels in E14 myocardium, and staining of isolated ventricular myocytes revealed membrane localization of the alpha1G channels. Dihydropyridine-resistant inward Ba(2+) or Ca(2+) currents were present in all fetal ventricular myocytes tested. Regardless of charge carrier, inward current inactivated with sustained depolarization and mirrored steady-state inactivation voltage dependence of the alpha1G channel expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Ni(2+) blockade discriminates among T-type Ca(2+) channel isoforms and is a relatively selective blocker of T-type channels over other cardiac plasma membrane Ca(2+) handling proteins. We demonstrate that 100 micromol/L Ni(2+) partially blocked alpha1G currents under physiological external Ca(2+). We conclude that alpha1G T-type Ca(2+) channels are functional in midgestational fetal myocardium.
Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. IV. Structural heterogeneity of apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I). (1988)

Human beta 2-glycoprotein I has recently been identified as a component of several human plasma lipoprotein fractions and therefore termed as apolipoprotein H. Its metabolic function in lipid metabolism is not known with certainty, though it may be involved in very-low-density-lipoprotein metabolism. Previously, inherited quantitative variation in beta 2-glycoprotein I has been suggested in man. In this investigation, we document the evidence of genetically determined structural polymorphism of apolipoprotein H or beta 2-glycoprotein I by using thin-layer polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gels followed by immunological identification by double antibody staining. The apolipoprotein H structural locus is characterized by the occurrence of three common alleles in U.S. whites and blacks. The frequency distributions of the three alleles designated APO H1, APO H2, and APO H3 are .059, .882, and .059 in whites and .017, .902, and .068 in blacks, respectively. In addition, the gene product of a fourth allele, APO H4, has been observed at polymorphic frequency in black individuals and may represent a black marker variant. Family data confirm the hypothesis of four alleles at a single APO H gene locus with an autosomal codominant pattern of inheritance.
<i>N</i>‐acetyl cysteine protects osteoblastic function from oxidative stress (2011)

We tested the protective potential of an antioxidant amino acid derivative, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), in controlling oxidative stress against osteoblasts. Osteoblastic cells extracted from rat bone marrow were cultured. Oxidative stress was induced by adding 100 μM H₂O₂ into the culture media. Then, some H₂O₂-treated cultures were cotreated with 2.5 or 5 mM NAC. Addition of H₂O₂ decreased the number of cells to 50% of untreated cultures at days 2. Addition of 5 mM NAC into H₂O₂ cultures resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of cells, with the cell number being 50% greater than that in the 100 μM H₂O₂ culture. The gene expression levels of type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were downregulated threefold by H₂O₂ on day 7. The H₂O₂-suppressed gene expression was fully recovered by NAC cotreatment. The mineralizing capability, assessed by Von Kossa staining on day 15, were approximately 1.8 times greater in the NAC + H₂O₂ cotreated group than in the culture with H₂O₂ alone. These NAC-mediated restorations were associated with an NAC dose-dependent increase of intracellular glutathione and a NAC dose-dependent decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ substantially impairs the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts. More importantly, the addition of NAC into the culture was found to restore these damages to a near normal level due to the improved redox balance, warranting further in vivo studies to test its therapeutic potential as a local antioxidative stress drug.
The effect of processing, handling and of testing procedures on the fat content of ice cream (1930)

A number of inquiries received from Iowa ice cream manufacturers shows that they believe that some steps in the processing or handling of ice cream cause a lower fat percentage in the frozen product than in the mix. From a theoretical viewpoint, no such fat lowering should occur in the product. A sufficient number of inquiries has been received, however, to warrant studying the causes of any irregularities which might result from the processing and the handling of the mix and of the frozen ice cream, and likewise, any winch might be introduced by the methods of obtaining and mixing the samples, by the methods of analysis employed or by the analytical apparatus used.\nFor the sake of convenience the problem was divided into eight sections: 1. The effect of the temperature at which the samples were weighed, 2. a comparison of some Babcock modifications for ice cream testing, 3. the effect of the type of test bottle used, 4. the effect of aging and freezing, 5. the effect of hardening and retail handling, 6. variations that may occur in a single mix, 7. a comparison of tests made with samples taken in the frozen and in the melted state, and 8. a comparison of the test of the mix with those of the frozen ice cream, the scrapings from the dasher and the scrapings from the freezer sides.
Lung epithelial apoptosis in influenza virus pneumonia: the role of macrophage-expressed TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (2008)

Mononuclear phagocytes have been attributed a crucial role in the host defense toward influenza virus (IV), but their contribution to influenza-induced lung failure is incompletely understood. We demonstrate for the first time that lung-recruited "exudate" macrophages significantly contribute to alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis by the release of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a murine model of influenza-induced pneumonia. Using CC-chemokine receptor 2-deficient (CCR2(-/-)) mice characterized by defective inflammatory macrophage recruitment, and blocking anti-CCR2 antibodies, we show that exudate macrophage accumulation in the lungs of influenza-infected mice is associated with pronounced AEC apoptosis and increased lung leakage and mortality. Among several proapoptotic mediators analyzed, TRAIL messenger RNA was found to be markedly up-regulated in alveolar exudate macrophages as compared with peripheral blood monocytes. Moreover, among the different alveolar-recruited leukocyte subsets, TRAIL protein was predominantly expressed on macrophages. Finally, abrogation of TRAIL signaling in exudate macrophages resulted in significantly reduced AEC apoptosis, attenuated lung leakage, and increased survival upon IV infection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a key role for exudate macrophages in the induction of alveolar leakage and mortality in IV pneumonia. Epithelial cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL-expressing macrophages is identified as a major underlying mechanism.
Redescription of Hartigiola faggalli (Monzen) comb.n.(Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) Inducing Leaf Galls on Fagus crenata (Fagaceae) in Japan (2004)

Hartigiola faggalli (Monzen) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) comb. n. that induces bivalv-shaped galls on the leaves of Fagus crenata Linnaeus (Fafaceae) in Japan was newly transferred from the genus Oligotrophus Latreille and redescribed based on the adult, larval, and pupal stages of the species, together with biological notes. DNA analysis indicated that there were sequential differences (8-10 bp/439) in the partial COI region of mtDNA between individuals obtained from the galls induces on upper and under surfaces of the host keaves, although they were morphologically identical. The definition of Hartigiola, which was a monotypic genus, is somewhat broadened to contain H. faggalli.
S-matrix representation of polarisation dependent fibre optic couplers for the simulation of optical networks (2005)

Optical networks can be analysed with the same methods as microwave networks if it is taken into account that optical signals can propagate in two different orthogonally polarised modes. The most appropriate way to accomplish this, is to use Jones vectors to represent the optical signal. In the theory of microwave networks, components are generally represented by complex scattering parameters which form the S-matrix of the device and represent the change of amplitude and phase of the signal propagating between the different ports. We adapted this formalism to fibre optic couplers used in optical networks, taking the polarization dependence of the devices into account. This enables the calculation of polarization effects in fibre optic communication networks and the exact simulation of fibre optic interferometric sensors.
An Adaptive ROI Mask Generation for ROI coding of JPEG2000 (2007)

In this thesis, a method of generating an adaptable Region-Of-Interest(ROI) Mask for the Region-Of-Interest coding is suggested. In the method, an ROI Mask is generated using the information of the ROI designated by a user. In the existed method of ROI coding, after scanning all the pixels in order and discriminating an ROI, an ROI Mask is generated. But, in our method, after scanning a part of pixels based on the shape pattern of an ROI and discriminating a ROI by one code block unit, an ROI Mask is generated. Moreover, from the method, a pattern number, threshold of a ROI and background threshold parameter are provided. According to the result of its comparing test with the existed methods to show the usability, it is proved that our method is superior in speed to the existed ones.