gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Body Extender: Whole body exoskeleton for human power augmentation (2011)

The PERCRO laboratory of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna has recently completed the development and functional assessment of the Body Extender (BE) system, an advanced wearable robot expressly conceived for augmenting the human strength for handling of heavy materials in unstructured environment. The system is composed by four robotic limbs with anthropomorphic kinematics and has a total of 22 independently actuated degrees of freedom. The leg locomotion and the force servo-amplification allow operations in environments that are hardly accessible by the conventional handling systems preserving the force sensibility during the manipulative tasks. Possible applications are handling of military materials in narrow spaces, rescuing of victims in natural and human provoked disasters and handling of heavy parts in the manufacturing of large products. The paper reports the system specifications taken as a reference for the design, the criteria and verification methods, the architectural solutions used for the implementation of mechanics, electronic and control components and the results of the preliminary experimental assessment.
A Study of the Hydrolysis of Waste Paper Cellulose with a Vertically Hanging Immobilized Cellulase Reactor and the Reuse of the Immobilized Cellulase (2005)

A commercialized cellulase from Trichoderma reesei has been successfully immobilized by using calcium alginate gel in our laboratory. The waste paper cellulose was hydrolyzed with a special design of the reactor to form a vertically hanging immobilized cellulase under the optimum conditions of pH 4.0 and 45 °C. Glucose, cellobiose and xylose are the major hydrolysis products. The glucose production from the hydrolysis with the vertically hanging immobilized cellulase was about 1.73-fold better than the freely suspended immobilized cellulase. The average diameter of the immobilized cellulase pellets was 4.190 ± 0.291 mm. UV light irradiation deactivates the activity of the immobilized cellulase. The advantage of the vertically hanging immobilized cellulase reactor is an easy recycle and reuse of the immobilized cellulase. Washing and soaking the recycled immobilized cellulase with distilled water for one day can restore its activity to a small extent. Overall, the application of the hanging immobilized cellulase reactor for waste paper cellulose hydrolysis is successful.
The Life of Schubert (2000)

Franz Schubert's tragically short life was spent in one of Europe's most richly musical cities: a Vienna that worshipped Beethoven, adored Rossini, and thrilled to Paganini. Schubert, with the help of supportive friends who were themselves immersed in the arts, won fame for himself through songs and dances while aspiring to succeed with larger operas and symphonies. Christopher Gibbs considers how and what Schubert composed, taking a fresh look at this misunderstood figure, particularly the unfolding of his professional career, his relationship to Beethoven, the growth of his reputation and public image and the darker side of drinking, depression and sexual ambiguity. This searching and sympathetic biography questions the customary sentimental clichés and the recent revisionist views concerning this elusive genius.
Low Cost in Vitro Mass Production of Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis Species (Nematoda) for Field Control of Insect Pests (1981)

Simple new methods are described for rearing species of Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis monoxenically and cheaply in large quantities for use in biological control. Yields of more than half a million nematodes/g of an homogenate of pig kidney/fat on crumbed polyether polyurethane sponge in conical flasks were obtained consistently for some species. The method lends itself to industrial development.
Biochemical and Physical Properties of a Solvent‐Detergent‐Treated Fibrin Glue (1990)

A fibrin glue preparation has been obtained from pooled human plasma using a procedure which includes a solvent-detergent (SD) treatment to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses. The SD treatment inactivated greater than or equal to 5.5 log10 of HIV in less than 45 min, and greater than or equal to 5 log10 and greater than or equal to 6.5 log10 of VSV and Sindbis virus, respectively, in less than 2 h. The product was found to contain high quantities of fibrinogen (116 +/- 2.49 g/l; n = 12), factor XIII (35 +/- 2.88 U/ml) and von Willebrand factor (23 +/- 1.9 U/ml ristocetin cofactor activity), and relatively low levels of fibronectin (5.9 +/- 0.51 g/l). Plasminogen, the precursor of plasmin, which may play a negative role by decreasing the resistance of the fibrin clot, was at only 0.03 g/l. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis showed 95% gamma-proteins and 5% alpha-2-beta proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions detected three main protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 65, 56 and 47 kilodaltons, probably corresponding to the alpha, beta, and gamma fibrinogen subunits. Other characteristics of the product included (1) high clottability of fibrinogen (over 85%); (2) absence of low molecular weight fibrin degradation products; (3) rapid solubilization at room temperature (less than 10 min); (4) high tensile strength (202 +/- 27 g/cm2 after 2 h of application), and (5) high elasticity of the fibrin clot. In addition, scanning electron microscopy revealed a highly organized structure showing tridimensional arrangement of the fibrin fibers. SD treated fibrin glue should efficiently replace autologous fibrinogen or cryoprecipitate preparations for surgical application.
Histological study of glutaraldehyde-processed vascular grafts of biological origin. (1980)

A total of 90 grafts of 100 mm in length was inserted as arterial and shunt conduits in 31 mongrel dogs. Histological changes before and after implantation were evaluated. Sections were stained with van Gieson, haematoxylin eosin and Wiegert's method for elastic fibres, and studied with light microscopy. Twenty five of the 42 cases studied showed classic signs of rejection around the graft, the strongest immunological response being seen in the fresh vein grafts. Glutaraldehyde pre-treatment diminished this reaction but it was still clearly visible in 13 of the 21 cases. Of the fourteen human umbilical vein grafts tanned with glutaraldehyde and used either as shunts or bypass grafts, seven showed only slight or moderate reaction and in seven cases no clear sign of rejection could be seen. The absence of intimal hyperplasia with this type of graft also showed its superiority over that of the human "non-umbilical" vein grafts. The problem in all the groups was the anastomotic area, where fibrous hyperplasia developed. The graft structure seemed to be well-preserved during the follow-up period of 6.0 months.
Design and implementation of a polarizing radar calibration signal source (2013)

In order to calibrate the reception channel of polarizing radar, a polarizing radar calibration signal source system is designed and implemented based on DDS software programming technology. The main hardware circuit and software design scheme is provided. FPGA is combined with DDS technology, and the DDS module is improved by software programming inside FPGA. The resources superiority and high speed operation capability of FPGA as large-scale chip are fully utilized. This system can produce high precise and stable arbitrary radar calibration signal, and can satisfy the requirement of the polarizing radar calibration application.
Revealing Nature’s Cellulase Diversity: The Digestion Mechanism of <i>Caldicellulosiruptor bescii</i> CelA (2013)

Most fungi and bacteria degrade plant cell walls by secreting free, complementary enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose; however, some bacteria use large enzymatic assemblies called cellulosomes, which recruit complementary enzymes to protein scaffolds. The thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii uses an intermediate strategy, secreting many free cellulases that contain multiple catalytic domains. One of these, CelA, comprises a glycoside hydrolase family 9 and a family 48 catalytic domain, as well as three type III cellulose-binding modules. In the saccharification of a common cellulose standard, Avicel, CelA outperforms mixtures of commercially relevant exo- and endoglucanases. From transmission electron microscopy studies of cellulose after incubation with CelA, we report morphological features that suggest that CelA not only exploits the common surface ablation mechanism driven by general cellulase processivity, but also excavates extensive cavities into the surface of the substrate. These results suggest that nature's repertoire of cellulose digestion paradigms remain only partially discovered and understood.
Over-expression of protein kinase C isoforms (α, δ, θ and ζ) in squamous cervical cancer. (2011)

Protein kinase C was found to be significantly over-expressed in cancer samples compared to adjacent normal cervical tissues by proteomics in our previous study. The aim of this study was to examine protein kinase C expression and to analyze the expression patterns of protein kinase C isoforms in squamous cervical cancer at the protein levels and their associations with clinical and pathologic factors of squamous cervical cancer. First, Western blotting was used to examine protein kinase C expression in the specimens of tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues which were collected from 12 patients with squamous cervical cancer. Protein kinase C isoforms (α, δ, θ and ζ) expression were then detected by immunohistochemistry in other 43 cases of squamous cervical cancer tissues, 32 cases of corresponding adjacent normal cervical squamous epithelial tissue and 31 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Western blot analysis revealed that protein kinase C expression was positive in squamous cervical cancer while it was not expressed in normal cervical tissues. On the other hand, immunohistochemical analysis suggested that, protein kinase C isoforms (α, δ, θ and ζ) expression was significantly higher in squamous cervical cancer compared to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, as well as in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with normal tissues, respectively.High levels of protein kinase C α expression were associated with cellular differentiation(P<0.05). Protein kinase C δ was significantly associated with tumor stage (P<0.05) and protein kinase C ζ was associated with lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that protein kinase C isoforms expression in cervical lesions was associated with carcinogenesis and might play important roles throughout the process of cervical cancer development.
Tactile objects based on an amplitude disturbed diffraction pattern method (2009)

Tactile sensing is becoming widely used in human-computer interfaces. Recent advances in acoustic approaches demonstrated the possibilities to transform ordinary solid objects into interactive interfaces. This letter proposes a static finger contact localization process using an amplitude disturbed diffraction pattern method. The localization method is based on the following physical phenomenon: a finger contact modifies the energy distribution of acoustic wave in a solid; these variations depend on the wave frequency and the contact position. The presented method first consists of exciting the object with an acoustic signal with plural frequency components. In a second step, a measured acoustic signal is compared with prerecorded values to deduce the contact position. This position is then used for human-machine interaction (e.g., finger tracking on computer screen). The selection of excitation signals is discussed and a frequency choice criterion based on contrast value is proposed. Tests on a sandwich plate (liquid crystal display screen) prove the simplicity and easiness to apply the process in various solids.
Synthesis of Hypericin and Related <i>meso</i>‐Naphthodianthrones by Alkaline Dimerization of Hydroxyanthraquinones (1977)

Alkaline dimerization of emodin (1a) leads to hypericin (2a) instead of isohypericin as formerly assumed. The analogous compounds (1b) and (1c) react in the same way to give (2b) and (2c).
Small molecule antagonists of Tcf4/β‐catenin complex inhibit the growth of HCC cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common cancer worldwide. It is intrinsically resistant toward standard chemotherapy, making it imperative to develop novel selective chemotherapeutic agents. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays critical roles in development and oncogenesis, and is dysregulated in HCC. Our study aims to evaluate the activity of 3 small molecule antagonists of the Tcf4/beta-catenin complex (PKF118-310, PKF115-584 and CGP049090) on HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. All 3 chemicals displayed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro against all 3 HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep40 and Huh7), but were at least 10 times less cytotoxic to normal hepatocytes (from 3 donors) by using ATP assay. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, treatment with the antagonists decreased Tcf4/beta-catenin binding capability and transcriptional activity, associated with downregulation of the endogenous Tcf4/ beta-catenin target genes c-Myc, cyclin D1 and survivin. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, treatment with the antagonists induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. All antagonists suppressed in vivo tumor growth in a HepG2 xenograft model, associated with apoptosis and reduced c-Myc, cyclin D1 and survivin expressions. Our results suggest that these 3 antagonists of the Tcf4/beta-catenin complex are potential chemotherapeutic agents which may offer a pathway specific option for the clinical management of HCC.
Phonon-Broadened Optical Spectra: Urbach's Rule (1966)

Starting from Fr\"olich's Hamiltonian for conduction-electron-optical-phonon interactions, an approximate Green's function $G(p, t)$ is derived. The spectral density derived from this Green's function is shown to possess an exponential tail at low energies, $\frac{E}{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}}\ensuremath{\ll}0$. This demonstrates that Urbach's rule can be derived from Fr\"olich's Hamiltonian. The approximate Green's function $G(p, t)$ is shown to be related to the intermediate-coupling models for polarons.
A proposed FPGA-based parallel architecture for matrix multiplication (2008)

Matrix multiplication is a computation intensive operation and plays an important role in many scientific and engineering applications. For high performance applications, this operation must be realized in hardware. This paper presents a parallel architecture for the multiplication of two matrices using field programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed architecture employs advanced design techniques and exploits architectural features of FPGA. Results show that it provides performance improvements over previously reported hardware implementation. FPGA implementation results are presented and discussed.
Wettability Alteration and Spontaneous Imbibition in Unconventional Liquid Reservoirs by Surfactant Additives (2016)

Summary Wettability alteration in unconventional liquid reservoirs (ULRs) can improve fracture-treatment performance and consequently oil recovery by changing capillary forces when shifting intermediate- and oil-wet reservoirs to water-wet. Wettability can be modified while fracturing the formation by adding surfactants, in proper concentrations, to completion fluids favoring the process of imbibition and increasing current ULR recovery factors of less than 10% of the original oil in place (OOIP). This study combines the effect of wettability and interfacial-tension (IFT) alteration by surfactants and the corresponding effect on spontaneous imbibition in ULRs from the Permian Basin through a correlated experimental work flow, which includes conducting contact-angle (CA) and ζ-potential experiments, IFT measurements, and spontaneous-imbibition experiments combined with computed-tomography (CT) methods to evaluate and compare the efficiency of different surfactants in altering wettability and recovering hydrocarbons from siliceous core at reservoir temperature. Wettability-experiment results showed that all surfactants change ULR core-wetting affinity from oil- and intermediate-wet to water-wet at commonly field-used concentrations. However, the anionic surfactant showed better results in changing CAs. In addition, the anionic surfactant better reduced the IFT than nonionic and mixed surfactants, and surfactants performed better than fracturing fluid without surfactant additives. Finally, spontaneous-imbibition results showed that the anionic surfactant was better for recovering oil from shale core, which agrees qualitatively with the previous results where the anionic surfactant showed the lowest CAs and IFT. However, both anionic and nonionic surfactants were better in displacing liquid hydrocarbons and had higher penetration magnitudes obtained by CT methods compared with fracturing water without surfactant. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of proper surfactants to fracturing fluids has the potential of improving oil recovery by wettability and IFT alteration, with the anionic surfactant showing lower CAs and IFT, better imbibition, and higher oil recovery than nonionic and mixed surfactants in these siliceous ULRs from the Permian Basin.
Role of MEK/ERK pathway in the MAD2-mediated cisplatin sensitivity in testicular germ cell tumour cells (2006)

Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) is the most common malignancy in young males. Although most TGCTs are sensitive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, significant numbers of TGCT patients still relapse and die each year because of the development of resistance to cisplatin. Previously, we first reported that a key regulator of the mitotic checkpoint, mitotic arrest deficient-2 (MAD2), was a mediator of cisplatin sensitivity in human cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether MAD2 played a role in cellular sensitivity to cisplatin in TGCT cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible. Using 10 TGCT cell lines, we found that increased MAD2 expression was correlated with cellular sensitivity to cisplatin, which was associated with activation of the MEK pathway. Treatment of cells expressing high levels of MAD2 with an MEK inhibitor, U0126, led to cellular protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of MAD2 by transfecting a dominant-negative construct in TGCT cells with high levels of MAD2 resulted in the suppression of MEK pathway and resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death. These results support previous suggestion on the involvement of mitotic checkpoint in DNA damage response in human cancer cells and demonstrate a possible molecular mechanism responsible for the MAD2-mediated sensitivity to cisplatin in TGCT cells. Our results also suggest that downregulation of MAD2 may be an indicator for identification of TGCT cancer cells that are potentially resistant to cisplatin-based therapy.
Jean Belin-Millerox. Les Bases psychologiques de l'ordre social (1960)

Morin Edgar. Jean Belin-Millerox. Les Bases psychologiques de l'ordre social. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 15ᵉ année, N. 2, 1960. pp. 407-408.
A Study of Self-Aligned Nitride Erasable OTP Cell by 45-nm CMOS Fully Compatible Process (2009)

This brief proposes a new 45-nm erasable one-time programming cell with a self-aligned nitride (SAN) storage node for logic nonvolatile memory (NVM) applications. The CMOS fully logic-compatible cell was successfully demonstrated using 45-nm CMOS technology with a very small cell size of 0.1188 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This cell-adapting source-side-injection programming scheme has a wide on/off window and superior program efficiency. The SAN cell with five terminals for various operational conditions uses an asymmetrical read voltage to verify the position of the stored charge. This cell also exhibits excellent data retention capability even when the thickness of the logic gate oxide is less than 20 A, and the gate length is shorter than 40 nm. This new cell provides a promising solution for logic NVM beyond a 90-nm node.
Identifying auditory attention with ear-EEG: cEEGrid versus high-density cap-EEG comparison (2016)

These findings are further evidence for the feasibility of around the-ear EEG recordings and demonstrate that well described ERPs can be measured. We conclude that concealed behind-the-ear EEG recordings can be an alternative to classical cap EEG acquisition for auditory attention monitoring.
Tinnitus with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (2011)

Classical risk factors for tinnitus (age, male gender, hearing loss) are less relevant in tinnitus patients with TMJ disorder, suggesting a causal role of TMJ pathology in the generation and maintenance of tinnitus. Based on this finding, treatment of TMJ disorder may represent a causally oriented treatment strategy for tinnitus.
Heteromeric Complexes of Native Collectin Kidney 1 and Collectin Liver 1 Are Found in the Circulation with MASPs and Activate the Complement System (2013)

The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. The complement cascade may be initiated downstream of the lectin activation pathway upon binding of mannan-binding lectin, ficolins, or collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1, alias CL-11) to suitable microbial patterns consisting of carbohydrates or acetylated molecules. During purification and characterization of native CL-K1 from plasma, we observed that collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) was copurified. Based on deglycosylation and nonreduced/reduced two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, we detected CL-K1 and CL-L1 in disulfide bridge-stabilized complexes. Heteromeric complex formation in plasma was further shown by ELISA and transient coexpression. Judging from the migration pattern on two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, the majority of plasma CL-K1 was found in complex with CL-L1. The ratio of this complex was in favor of CL-K1, suggesting that a heteromeric subunit is composed of one CL-L1 and two CL-K1 polypeptide chains. We found that the complex bound to mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) with affinities in the nM range in vitro and was associated with both MASP-1/-3 and MASP-2 in plasma. Upon binding to mannan or DNA in the presence of MASP-2, the CL-L1-CL-K1 complex mediated deposition of C4b. In favor of large oligomers, the activity of the complex was partly determined by the oligomeric size, which may be influenced by an alternatively spliced variant of CL-K1. The activity of the native heteromeric complexes was superior to that of recombinant CL-K1. We conclude that CL-K1 exists in circulation in the form of heteromeric complexes with CL-L1 that interact with MASPs and can mediate complement activation.