gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength modification (Δℏω=10–40 meV) of room temperature continuous quantum-well heterostructure laser diodes by thermal annealing (1983)

Data are presented showing that wavelength modification, of at least 210 Å (from 8180 to 7970 Å), of broad area room temperature pulsed quantum well heterostructure (QWH) laser diodes is possible by thermal annealing. Thermal annealing at 900 °C for 8 h results in only a minor change in the threshold current density, 385–425 A/cm2, thus making possible similar wavelength modification (8180–8080 Å) of continuous (cw) 300 K stripe-geometry QWH laser diodes.
High performance buried ridge DFB lasers monolithically integrated with butt coupled strip loaded passive waveguides for OEIC (1990)

The fabrication and characterisation of buried ridge DFB lasers integrated with butt coupled, strip loaded passive waveguides prepared by selective area MOVPE is described. Lasing threshold currents were as low as 10 mA and waveguide output powers in excess of 3 mW were achieved for 1 mm long waveguide devices.
Crystal Structure of the Eosinophil Major Basic Protein at 1.8 Å (2001)

The eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) is the predominant constituent of the crystalline core of the eosinophil primary granule. EMBP is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation, and bronchospasm in allergic diseases such as asthma. Here we report the crystal structure of EMBP at 1.8 A resolution, and show that it is similar to that of members of the C-type lectin superfamily with which it shares minimal amino acid sequence identity (approximately 15--28%). However, this protein lacks a Ca(2+)/carbohydrate-binding site. Our analysis suggests that EMBP specifically binds heparin. Based on our results, we propose a possible new function for this protein, which is likely to have implications for EMBP function.
The CAT-Tox (L) Assay: A Sensitive and Specific Measure of Stress-Induced Transcription in Transformed Human Liver Cells (1995)

Identifying and measuring the molecular mechanisms of toxicity is an important goal in hazard assessment. We have developed an assay in transformed human liver cells to simultaneously measure the transcriptional responses of 14 stress promoter- or response element-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) fusion constructs that are stably integrated into the HepG2 cell line. This assay can measure a wide spectrum of stresses, both toxic and nontoxic, such as protein and protein biosynthesis perturbations, DNA damage, heavy metals, and planar aromatic hydrocarbons. We found that each promoter or response element can be induced by one or more of four chemicals that were tested in the assay. These results have been interpreted in light of the current models of action for each compound. The responses of this assay system can distinguish among compounds that are closely related in their structure and have been shown previously to elicit similar biological activities in simple assay systems. We have designated this technique the CAT-Tox (L)iver assay. It measures a broad range of cellular stresses and toxicants at levels that were comparable to or below those of established methods. The induction profiles generated using the CAT-Tox (L) assay can help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which chemicals exert their actions on human cells. These profiles can be indicative of both toxic and nontoxic processes that are occurring in the cell. We propose that this cellular stress assay can serve as a screen for a variety of substances at the molecular level.
Concentration inequalities using the entropy method (2003)

We investigate a new methodology, worked out by Ledoux and Massart, to prove concentration-of-measure inequalities. The method is based on certain modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. We provide some very simple and general ready-to-use inequalities. One of these inequalities may be considered as an exponential version of the Efron--Stein inequality. The main purpose of this paper is to point out the simplicity and the generality of the approach. We show how the new method can recover many of Talagrand's revolutionary inequalities and provide new applications in a variety of problems including Rademacher averages, Rademacher chaos, the number of certain small subgraphs in a random graph, and the minimum of the empirical risk in some statistical estimation problems.
Focal, high dose, and fractionated modified stereotactic radiation therapy for lung carcinoma patients (1998)

With this unit and procedure, focal radiation therapy similar to stereotactic radiation therapy is possible for extracranial sites. The preliminary experience appeared safe and promising, and further exploration of this approach is warranted.
Simplified layering and flexible bandwidth with TWIN (2004)

This paper describes a novel network architecture with simplified layering, called Time-domain Wavelength Interleaved Networking (TWIN), that scales end-to-end bandwidth granularity exibly up to the wavelength capacity. In TWIN, all packet and complex processing functions are pushed to the network edge such that the network core only has to deal with an optical forwarding layer. Furthermore, by avoiding fast optical switching and optical buffering in the core through scheduling fast-tunable lasers and buffering packets at the edge, TWIN effectively makes the network act like a switch. We examine distributed network scheduling for this architecture and show its performance via analysis and simulation. We also explore other research issues that are unique in TWIN.
Characteristics and reliability of high-power InGaAs/AlGaAs laser diodes with decoupled confinement heterostructure (1999)

In order to overcome catastrophic optical damage(COD), decoupled confinement heterostructure(DCH) featuring abroadened waveguide and thin carrier block layers have been developed. Due to decoupling of carrier and optical confinement, a DCH laser can be designed more flexibly than a conventional separated confinement heterostructure (SCH) laser, i.e., laser diodes can be designed with a variety of gain coupling factor Γ⊥, quantum-well number N w , keeping the beam divergence angle constant. COD level ofvarious DCH lasers with uncoated facet was examined in 50μsec pulse operation and following results were obtained; COD was normalized by equivalent vertical beam width d/ Γ ⊥ (where d is thickness of quantum-well) and COD level of 980nm InGaAs quantum-well lasers was twice as high as that of 860nm GaAs quantum-well lasers, i.e., 100-110mW/μm for InGaAs-QW and 40-50mW/μm for GaAs-QW in the case of d/ Γ⊥∼1. So, COD level can be manage in DCH scheme. Epitaxial structure has been optimized through the high-power performance of gain guided multi-mode lasers. The CW maximum power 6.3W was attained for 50μm aperture and 9.5W for 100μm aperture, which was limited by thermal saturation. Lifetest was carried out for 50μm aperture devices at the condition of 50°C-1.0W. All 14 devices were operating over 13,000hrs without failure. The median life was estimated to be more than one hundred thousand hours at 50°C. Real index guided structure was fabricated with a multi-step MOVPE epitaxial growth. Stable fabrication could be possible even in a conventional process, since chemically active Al-content was greatly reduced at 980nm in DCH. The maximum CW output power was 1.3W, which was limited by thermal saturation. Single mode operation was extended up to 700mW. And 500mW kink-free output was reproducibly obtained in a self-aligned real index guide structure. Preliminary life tests showed the stable operation at 300mW-50°C and 300mW-70°C.
High-power (106 mW) CW operation of transverse-mode stabilised InGaAlP laser diodes with strained In <sub>0.62</sub> Ga <sub>0.38</sub> P active layer (1991)

High-power CW operation of transverse-mode stabilised InGaAlP laser diodes has been achieved by using a selectively-buried-ridge waveguide structure with a very thin (150Å) active layer. A strained In0.622Ga0.38P active layer was adopted to obtain a sufficient bandgap difference between the active and cladding layers. A maximum light output of 106 mW was obtained from the laser with anti-reflection and high-reflection coatings.
Rangefinding using time correlated single photon counting (2002)

This paper describes a method for acquiring range data based on time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and details the data analysis techniques used to compute the range measurements. The prototype sensor being built in our laboratory is capable of measuring up to 100 points per second with an accuracy of about 15 /spl mu/m.
Absorption, Biliary Excretion, and Metabolism of a New Cholelitholytic Agent, Ursodeoxycholyl N-Carboxymethylglycine and Its Esters in Rats. (1991)

Intestinal absorption, biliary excretion and metabolism of a calcium gallstone dissolving agent, [11,12-3H]ursodeoxycholyl-N-carboxymethylglycine (UDC-CMG) and its monoethyl, diethyl and dipivaloyloxyethyl esters (UDC-CMG-Et, UDC-CMG-Et2 and UDC-CMG-PV2) were studied in bile duct cannulated rats. Biliary recovery of [3H]-labeled UDC-CMG, UDC-CMG-Et and UDC-CMG-Et2 after intraduodenal administration were 65%, 80%, 98%, respectively. Radio-thin layer chromatography analysis of the bile revealed that UDC-CMG didn't undergo any biotransformation during administration and excretion. About 80% and 20% of radioactivity recovered in the bile was identified as UDC-CMG-Et and UDC-CMG, respectively, after intraduodenal administrations of [3H]UDC-CMG-Et2 and [3H]UDC-CMG-Et. The administered intact UDC-CMG-Et2 was not found in the bile. Intraduodenally administered [3H]UDC-CMG-PV2 was rapidly recovered in the bile. The total recovery rate was 78% within a 24 h period. More than 80% of the radioactivity recovered in the bile was found as UDC-CMG. Lesser amounts of the monopivaloyloxyethyl ester of UDC-CMG were also found, but intact UDC-CMG-PV2 was not detected in the bile as in the case of UDC-CMG-Et2. Among the esters of UDC-CMG investigated in the present studies, only UDC-CMG-PV2 was excreted in the bile mainly as the perhydrolyzed form, UDC-CMG. These results suggest the usefulness of UDC-CMG-PV2 as the pro-drug in calcium gallstone dissolution therapy.
Understanding Interactions between Manganese Oxide and Gold That Lead to Enhanced Activity for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation (2014)

To develop active nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a limiting reaction in several emerging renewable energy technologies, a deeper understanding of the activity of the first row transition metal oxides is needed. Previous studies of these catalysts have reported conflicting results on the influence of noble metal supports on the OER activity of the transition metal oxides. Our study aims to clarify the interactions between a transition metal oxide catalyst and its metal support in turning over this reaction. To achieve this goal, we examine a catalytic system comprising nanoparticulate Au, a common electrocatalytic support, and nanoparticulate MnO(x), a promising OER catalyst. We conclusively demonstrate that adding Au to MnO(x) significantly enhances OER activity relative to MnO(x) in the absence of Au, producing an order of magnitude higher turnover frequency (TOF) than the TOF of the best pure MnO(x) catalysts reported to date. We also provide evidence that it is a local rather than bulk interaction between Au and MnO(x) that leads to the observed enhancement in the OER activity. Engineering improvements in nonprecious metal-based catalysts by the addition of Au or other noble metals could still represent a scalable catalyst as even trace amounts of Au are shown to lead a significant enhancement in the OER activity of MnO(x).
Abstract 148: Neonatal Mouse Heart Regeneration is Dependent on Mononuclear Diploid Cardiomyocytes and Paracrine IGF2 Signaling (2019)

In normal mice, injury to the newborn heart is efficiently regenerated, but this capacity is lost by one week after birth when most cardiomyocytes have become post-mitotic. Concurrently during the first week, most cardiomyocytes become polyploid. Despite this temporal association, the relation of polyploidization to neonatal heart regeneration has not been adequately examined. In this study, we find that IGF2, an important mitogenic factor in heart development, is required to support neonatal mouse heart regeneration. Following injury on postnatal day 1, absence of IGF2 abolished injury-induced cell cycle entry (as indicated by phospho-histone H3 staining) during the early part of the first postnatal week, when cardiomyocytes are still mononuclear and diploid. Consequently, regeneration failed despite the later presence of additional activities that support robust cell cycle entry 7 days following injury, a time when most cardiomyocytes are polyploid and no longer able to complete cytokinesis. IGF2 originates from the endocardium/endothelium lineage and is transduced by the insulin receptor; both features distinguish the action of IGF2 in neonatal heart regeneration from that in embryonic heart development. Regeneration in injured Igf2-deficient neonates was rescued by three different contexts that elevate the percentage of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes beyond postnatal day 7. Thus, IGF2 is the primary paracrine-acting mitogen for heart regeneration during the early postnatal period, and IGF2-deficiency unmasks the dependence of this process on proliferation-competent mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes.
Detailed study of a micro heat engine for thermal energy harvesting (2010)

This paper presents a micro heat engine fabricated in silicon micro technology. Its operation principle is based on a cavity filled with a liquid?gas phase-change working fluid that performs a self-controlled reciprocating motion between a heat source and a heat sink. A bistable buckling membrane generates the respective upward and downward driving forces upon expansion and contraction of the working fluid. For prediction of the engine performance a hybrid model is developed. This model predicts an operation frequency of 0.72?Hz and a mechanical output power of 1.29??W at a temperature difference of 37 K. Loss mechanisms are theoretically explored and ways to enhance the overall engine efficiency are discussed. To verify this model, a functional demonstrator is fabricated. In the experiments, an operation frequency of 0.71?Hz is found at a temperature difference of 37 K.
Geochemistry of Artificially Heated Humic and Sapropelic Sediments--II: Oil and Gas Generation (1984)

Simulated maturation experiments on recent sediments from different source environments give quantitative and kinetic information on the production of petroleum and natural gas. Starting material, temperature, and time of heating play critical roles in determining quantities and types of reaction products. Sediment samples from recent peaty deltaic and algal-mat lagoonal deposits were heated separately in closed systems for 1-15,000 hr at 35°-550°C (95°-1,022°F). Reaction products were monitored for both quantity and isotopic composition. The products monitored were hydrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas-range volatile hydrocarbons (C1-C5+), and oil-range hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons (C15+). Three stages of petroleum formation have been documented. The immature stage is characterized by production of C1-C5+ hydrocarbons but essentially no new C15+ components. Carbon isotope values for the initial volatile products, formed through kerogen and humic acid rearrangements, display marked kinetic effects. In the mature stage, catagenetically derived products are added to the original biologically related C15+ hydrocarbon fraction. Methane formed in this stage is produced by cleavage of methyl groups from the bitumen, and is characterized by stable carbon isotope values 15 ppt lighter than the starting material. The post-mature stage shows conversion of C2-C5+ components to isotopically heavy methane. The quantity of oil- and gas-range products formed per gram of total organic carbon is approximately the same for the peat and algal pyrolysis experiments, but the organic source facies affects the rate of generation and the product distribution. Peaty, deltaic organic matter generates hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon gases and extractable bitumen at lower levels of thermal stress than does algal material. The most notable product variation is that the C2-C5+ component constitutes a greater proportion of the algal-generated volatiles.
Levelling the levels (2009)

What I want to do in this paper is focus on the way in which Deleuze might be said to 'level the levels' of the Kantian philosophy. The levels which Deleuze levels are found in the distinction between the transcendentally ideal and the empirically real. Just what is at stake in these terms? If Kant's move is to insist on the sensible, we might almost want to say that it is an insistence on a matter that matters which underlies this distinction of levels. 'Almost', because we have yet to understand matter or (maybe more importantly) what it is 'to matter', for anything to be, as Deleuze suggests (following Bateson), a 'difference that makes a difference' . If, however, we were to allow that what underlies Kant's necessary insistence on the empirically real is an anti-rationalist (not anti-rational) move, a move against a 'pure thought' and in favour of a muddy, dirty thought in which the mixing up, the synthesis of concept and intuition (mind and matter), was the central guiding thread, then the way in which this synthesis is produced would be of crucial importance. This 'way it is produced' can be examined, at least in part, by focusing on the concept of determinability. [Introductory excerpt from the chapter].
A unified diode model with self-heating effects (2002)

A new commercially available diode model is described. This unified model is capable of simulating the widest range of diode technologies of any commercially available. The model's extensive features and flexibility in the different domains of operation are briefly described, but the emphasis of this paper is on describing the thermal capabilities of the model which are of particular interest in power applications.
Entinostat, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor is active in B‐cell lymphoma and enhances the anti‐tumour activity of rituximab and chemotherapy agents (2015)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors are active in T-cell lymphoma and are undergoing pre-clinical and clinical testing in other neoplasms. Entinostat is an orally bioavailable class I HDAC inhibitor with a long half-life, which is under evaluation in haematological and solid tumour malignancies. To define the activity and biological effects of entinostat in B-cell lymphoma we studied its anti-tumour activity in several rituximab-sensitive or -resistant pre-clinical models. We demonstrated that entinostat is active in rituximab-sensitive cell lines (RSCL), rituximab-resistant cell lines (RRCL) and primary tumour cells isolated from lymphoma patients (n = 36). Entinostat exposure decreased Bcl-XL (BCL2L1) levels and induced apoptosis in cells. In RSCL and RRCL, entinostat induced p21 (CDKN1A) expression leading to G1 cell cycle arrest and exhibited additive effects when combined with bortezomib or cytarabine. Caspase inhibition diminished entinostat activity in some primary tumour cells suggesting that entinostat has dual mechanisms-of-action. In addition, entinostat increased the expression of CD20 and adhesion molecules. Perhaps related to these effects, we observed a synergistic activity between entinostat and rituximab in a lymphoma-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. Our data suggests that entinostat is an active HDAC inhibitor that potentiates rituximab activity in vivo and supports its further clinical development in B-cell lymphoma.
A Transformational Approach to Mechanical Design Using a Bond Graph Grammar (1989)

Abstract During the design process, a designer transforms an abstract functional description for a device into a physical description that satisfies the functional requirements. In this sense, design is a transformation from the functional domain to the physical domain; however, this transformation process is not well characterized nor understood for mechanical systems. The difficulty arises, at least in part, because mechanical designs are often composed of highly-integrated, tightly-coupled components where the interactions among the components are essential to the behavior and economic execution of the design. This assertion runs counter to design methodologies in other engineering fields, such as software design and circuit design, that result in designs in which each component fulfills a single function with minimal interaction. Because of the geometry, weight, and cost of mechanical components, converting a single behavioral requirement into a single component is often both impractical and infeasible. Each component may contribute to several required behaviors, and a single required system behavior may involve many components. In fact, most mechanical components perform not only the desired behavior, but also many additional, unintended behaviors. In good mechanical designs, these additional behaviors often are exploited. The long term goal of our research is to create a transformational strategy in which the design specifications for a mechanical system can be transformed into a description of a collection of mechanical components. To realize this goal requires formal representations for the behavioral and the physical specifications of mechanical systems as well as formal representations for the behaviors and the physical characteristics of mechanical components. Because the interactions of components are important in our synthesis strategy, the representation of the behaviors of mechanical components must be linked to the representation of their physical characteristics; that is, we are concerned with modeling the relationship between form and function of components. Finally, we need a strategy that enables us to transform an abstract description of the desired behavior of a device into a description that corresponds to a collection of available physical components. In this paper, we present a graph-based language to describe both the behavioral specifications of a design as well as the behavior of the available physical components. We also briefly discuss a graph-based grammar for the representation of the physical characteristics of the components that enables us to guide the translation from specifications to components [Pinilla 89]. The transformation strategy is discussed in a companion paper [Hoover 89].
Microtubule-Mediated Defects in Junctophilin-2 Trafficking Contribute to Myocyte Transverse-Tubule Remodeling and Ca <sup>2+</sup> Handling Dysfunction in Heart Failure (2014)

Our data identify a mechanistic link between microtubule densification and T-tubule remodeling and reveal microtubule-mediated JP2 redistribution as a novel mechanism for T-tubule disruption, loss of excitation-contraction coupling, and heart failure.
Prescribing exercise in multiple short bouts versus one continuous bout: effects on adherence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and weight loss in overweight women. (1995)

These results suggest that short-bouts of exercise may enhance exercise adherence. Short-bouts of exercise may also enhance weight loss and produce similar changes in cardiorespiratory fitness when compared to long-bouts of exercise. Thus, short-bouts of exercise may be preferred when prescribing exercise to obese adults.