gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Gradient Microarray Electronic Nose Based on Percolating SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowire Sensing Elements (2007)

Fabrication, characterization, and tests of the practical gradient microarray electronic nose with SnO(2) nanowire gas-sensing elements are reported. This novel device has demonstrated an excellent performance as a gas sensor and e-nose system capable of promptly detecting and reliably discriminating between several reducing gases in air at a ppb level of concentration. It has been found that, in addition to the temperature gradient across the nanowire layer, the density and morphological inhomogeneities of nanowire mats define the discriminating power of the electronic nose.
<i>In vivo</i> tracking of T cell development, ablation, and engraftment in transgenic zebrafish (2004)

Transgenic zebrafish that express GFP under control of the T cell-specific tyrosine kinase (lck) promoter were used to analyze critical aspects of the immune system, including patterns of T cell development and T cell homing after transplant. GFP-labeled T cells could be ablated in larvae by either irradiation or dexamethasone added to the water, illustrating that T cells have evolutionarily conserved responses to chemical and radiation ablation. In transplant experiments, thymocytes from lck-GFP fish repopulated the thymus of irradiated wild-type fish only transiently, suggesting that the thymus contains only short-term thymic repopulating cells. By contrast, whole kidney marrow permanently reconstituted the T lymphoid compartment of irradiated wild-type fish, suggesting that long-term thymic repopulating cells reside in the kidney.
MyoD induces growth arrest independent of differentiation in normal and transformed cells. (1990)

MyoD is a gene involved in the control of muscle differentiation. We show that MyoD causes growth arrest when expressed in cell lines derived from tumors or transformed by different oncogenes. MyoD-induced growth inhibition was demonstrated by reduction in the efficiency of colony formation and at the single-cell level. We further show that MyoD growth inhibition can occur in cells that are not induced to activate muscle differentiation markers. The inhibitory activity of MyoD was mapped to the same 68-amino acid segment necessary and sufficient for induction of muscle differentiation, the basic-helix-loop-helix motif. Mutants with alterations in the basic region of MyoD that fail to bind or do not activate a muscle-specific enhancer inhibited growth; mutants with deletions in the helix-loop-helix region failed to inhibit growth. Thus, inhibition of cell growth by MyoD seems to occur by means of a parallel pathway to the one that leads to myogenesis. We conclude that MyoD is a prototypic gene capable of functionally activating intracellular growth inhibitory pathways.
Numerical mathematics and computing (1980)

Authors Ward Cheney and David Kincaid show students of science and engineering the potential computers have for solving numerical problems and give them ample opportunities to hone their skills in programming and problem solving. The text also helps students learn about errors that inevitably accompany scientific computations and arms them with methods for detecting, predicting, and controlling these errors. A more theoretical text with a different menu of topics is the authors' highly regarded NUMERICAL ANALYSIS: MATHEMATICS OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, THIRD EDITION.
Edge-coupled InGaAs/InP phototransistors for microwave radio fibre links (2002)

Currently, several ways are investigated concerning pico-cellular systems. Although optical feeding of base stations is involved, there are a lot of microwave signal transmission or generation schemes. Depending on the used scheme, the receiver will behave differently, either as a pure optoelectronic transceiver (microwave transmission) either as a non-linear optoelectronic system (optical microwave generation, optical locking of microwave oscillator, ...). In these fields, we present the work that we did on promising devices, i.e. InP/InGaAs edge-coupled heterojunction phototransistors in twoand three-terminal configuration. Three parts of this paper report modelling tools, device technology and characterization. Modelling tools include optical as well as optoelectronic modelling. A brief description of technological work follows. The characterization is carried out in terms of static response, frequency response and non-linear behaviour.
Crystal Structure of Murine/Human Ubc9 Provides Insight into the Variability of the Ubiquitin-conjugating System (1997)

Murine/human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 is a functional homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ubc9 that is essential for the viability of yeast cells with a specific role in the G2-M transition of the cell cycle. The structure of recombinant mammalian Ubc9 has been determined from two crystal forms at 2.0 A resolution. Like Arabidopsis thaliana Ubc1 and S. cerevisiae Ubc4, murine/human Ubc9 was crystallized as a monomer, suggesting that previously reported hetero- and homo-interactions among Ubcs may be relatively weak or indirect. Compared with the known crystal structures of Ubc1 and Ubc4, which regulate different cellular processes, Ubc9 has a 5-residue insertion that forms a very exposed tight beta-hairpin and a 2-residue insertion that forms a bulge in a loop close to the active site. Mammalian Ubc9 also possesses a distinct electrostatic potential distribution that may provide possible clues to its remarkable ability to interact with other proteins. The 2-residue insertion and other sequence and structural heterogeneity observed at the catalytic site suggest that different Ubcs may utilize catalytic mechanisms of varying efficiency and substrate specificity.
Thermocompression bonding effects on bump-pad adhesion (1995)

In the wafer bumping process, metal bumps are deposited on aluminum pads and are later used to bond the silicon die to the I/O connections. The bump strength is important for the mechanical integrity and overall reliability of the interconnect. In this paper the effects of the following thermocompression bonding parameters on the bump-pad adhesion of TAB (tape automated bonding) bonds are experimentally determined and analytically explained: thermode temperature, base temperature, bonding pressure, and bonding duration. Experiments were performed on a 328-lead TAB device (gold bump on 4-mil pitch) and were based upon a 4-parameter, 3-level, Taguchi orthogonal array. The experimental results are compared with results obtained from finite element analyses. A consistent increase in the bump strength was observed after thermocompression bonding. Applied thermode pressure and bonding duration were found to be the most significant parameters that affect bump-pad adhesion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Probing protein–peptide–protein molecular architecture by atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance (2000)

We demonstrate the creation of a protein multilayer which utilises the high affinity interaction between streptavidin and biotin and incorporates a peptidic spacer. Surface plasmon resonance measurements enabled us to monitor the construction of the multilayer in real time. Atomic force microscopy was utilised to determine surface functionality at each stage of the multilayer construction, allowing us to investigate the associated mechanical properties. In this context we observed an increase in biomolecular stretching on the formation of the multilayer. We demonstrate, utilising circular dichroism, that variations in the solvent can affect the secondary structure of the peptide linker and hence its mechanical properties. Trifluoroethanol titrations on the assembled system indicate that the multilayer properties are also stimuli responsive with regard to solvent conditions. These results indicate that the multilayer stretch before cleavage is increased in the presence of trifluoroethanol. This was not expected from the study of the individual linker alone, indicating the need to study the system as a whole as opposed to the isolated components.
Targeting Phosphatidylserine with Calcium-Dependent Protein–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Cancer (2017)

In response to cellular stress, phosphatidylserine is exposed on the outer membrane leaflet of tumor blood vessels and cancer cells, motivating the development of phosphatidylserine-specific therapies. The generation of drug-conjugated phosphatidylserine-targeting agents represents an unexplored therapeutic approach, for which antitumor effects are critically dependent on efficient internalization and lysosomal delivery of the cytotoxic drug. In the current study, we have generated phosphatidylserine-targeting agents by fusing phosphatidylserine-binding domains to a human IgG1-derived Fc fragment. The tumor localization and pharmacokinetics of several phosphatidylserine-specific Fc fusions have been analyzed in mice and demonstrate that Fc-Syt1, a fusion containing the synaptotagmin 1 C2A domain, effectively targets tumor tissue. Conjugation of Fc-Syt1 to the cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E results in a protein-drug conjugate (PDC) that is internalized into target cells and, due to the Ca<sup>2+</sup> dependence of phosphatidylserine binding, dissociates from phosphatidylserine in early endosomes. The released PDC is efficiently delivered to lysosomes and has potent antitumor effects in mouse xenograft tumor models. Interestingly, although an engineered, tetravalent Fc-Syt1 fusion shows increased binding to target cells, this higher avidity variant demonstrates reduced persistence and therapeutic effects compared with bivalent Fc-Syt1. Collectively, these studies show that finely tuned, Ca<sup>2+</sup>-switched phosphatidylserine-targeting agents can be therapeutically efficacious. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 169-82. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Sintering Rates for Pristine and Doped Titanium Dioxide Determined Using a Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer System (2006)

Sintering rates of pristine and V-doped TiO 2 were obtained using a tandem DMA system. A range of experiments were conducted to first map out the variation of mobility size of a monodisperse (by mobility) agglomerate with time at three fixed temperatures. Using relationships of the surface area to the mobility size, the sintering equation was solved to determine the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The value of the activation energy was 236 (± 46) kJ/mol for pristine TiO 2 and 363 (± 1) kJ/mol for V-doped TiO 2 . The corresponding pre-exponential factors were 7.22 × 10 19 and 2.22 × 10 12 s/m 4 K, respectively. These values were then used to predict changes in mobility diameter at different temperatures, and good agreement was obtained with measurements. Possible reasons for faster sintering rates of V-TiO 2 relative to pristine TiO 2 were conjectured.
Head-Impact Testing of Polyurethane Energy-Abosrbing (EA) Foams (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In August, 1995, the federal government enacted legislation (amendments to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 201, “Occupant Protection in Interior Impact”) which is designed to improve occupant safety by reducing head and neck injuries received during impacts with the automobile interior. This legislation is significant in that all automobiles, trucks, buses and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4535 kg (10,000 lb) or less must meet the new federal standard after the 2002 model year.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The testing of potential countermeasures to this legislation (<i>e.g.</i>, padding materials and component designs) is key towards developing materials which meet the requirements. As a result, modifications have been made to an in-house dynamic sled impact tester enabling head-impact testing to be performed. This ability allows for the coordinated development, testing and screening of energy-absorbing (EA) polyurethane foams for head-impact protection. These modifications, which are reversible, allow testing under both high-speed dynamic impact as well as head-impact conditions. The new test configuration records the acceleration of a free-motion headform (FMH) undergoing a 6.7 m/s (15 mph) impact with test materials that simulate head impacts with the automobile interior. From this data, HIC(d) values for a variety of foams may be calculated and compared.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The head-impact tester has been used to investigate the impact performance of different types of polyurethane EA foams. Results which compare two different polyurethane foams, a recoverable foam and a rigid foam, will be presented. The dependence of the head-impact properties on foam type, density and thickness as well as foam-cover interactions will also be presented.</div>
Recent results of rainfall mapping from cellular network measurements (2008)

Electromagnetic waves are known to be influenced by atmospheric conditions. Therefore, wireless communications, in which electromagnetic signals carry the information, can be used in environmental studies. In a recently published paper, it has been demonstrated that received signal level (RSL) measurements from fixed terrestrial line-of-sight microwave links, deployed by cellular operators, can be used to estimate space-time rainfall intensities [1]. In this follow-up paper we present recent real data results based on a rigorous algorithm which converts received signal level measurements from a set microwave links in an arbitrary geometry, lengths and frequencies into a two dimensional rain map. As such, the great potential of using globally spread wireless communication systems for accurate two dimensional rainfall monitoring has is exploited.
Testing Security Policies: Going Beyond Functional Testing (2007)

While important efforts are dedicated to system functional testing, very few works study how to test specifically security mechanisms, implementing a security policy. This paper introduces security policy testing as a specific target for testing. We propose two strategies for producing security policy test cases, depending if they are built in complement of existing functional test cases or independently from them. Indeed, any security policy is strongly connected to system functionality: testing functions includes exercising many security mechanisms. However, testing functionality does not intend at putting to the test security aspects. We thus propose test selection criteria to produce tests from a security policy. To quantify the effectiveness of a set of test cases to detect security policy flaws, we adapt mutation analysis and define security policy mutation operators. A library case study, a 3-tiers architecture, is used to obtain experimental trends. Results confirm that security must become a specific target of testing to reach a satisfying level of confidence in security mechanisms.
Monolithic integration of a GaInAs p-i-n photodiode and an optical waveguide: modeling and realization using chloride vapor phase epitaxy (1988)

A theoretical and experimental study is discussed of a p-i-n GaInAs photodiode integrated with inverted-rib InP or GaInAsP waveguides grown on InP substrate. The coupling efficiency between the waveguide and the photodiode is calculated using the beam-propagation method while the initial condition, i.e. the waveguide eigenmode, is calculated by the finite-difference method. The photodiode absorption is calculated as a function of key design parameters, which are the waveguide dimensions, the wavelength and, in the case of heterostructure waveguide, the composition of the quaternary layer. Two classes of device application are foreseen: monitor photodiode and end line receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlation between epithelial cell proliferation and histological grading in gastric mucosa. (1999)

H pylori increases gastric epithelial cell proliferation through the mucosal inflammatory response and probably by other means. The strong correlation between epithelial proliferation, the chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and the density of H pylori colonization may have implications for gastric carcinogenesis.
Flow-Related Platelet Deposition on Subendothelium (1995)

The deposition of platelets on subendothelium is controlled both by flow factors that determine their transport to the surface through convective diffusion, and by the kinetics of their interactions with the surface. Red cells influence platelet transport by several mechanisms, and may also influence platelet reactivity. Platelets initially contact the surface through the binding of membrane GPIb to von Willebrand factor (vWf) that is present in the subendothelium or deposited there from plasma. Platelet spreading on the surface is promoted by the binding of the arg1744 gly1745 asp1746 (RGD) region of vWf (at high shear rates) to platelet GPIIb-IIIa. At high (arterial) shear rates, vWf binding to GPIIb-IIIa also promotes thrombus formation. At these shear rates, thrombin that is generated at the subendothelial surface is not involved in platelet adhesion or thrombus formation that occurs early in thrombogenesis, but is a major mediator of subsequent thrombus growth and/or stabilization.
Sparse Representation-Based Multiple Frame Video Super-Resolution (2016)

In this paper, we propose two multiple-frame super-resolution (SR) algorithms based on dictionary learning (DL) and motion estimation. First, we adopt the use of video bilevel DL, which has been used for single-frame SR. It is extended to multiple frames by using motion estimation with sub-pixel accuracy. We propose a batch and a temporally recursive multi-frame SR algorithm, which improves over single-frame SR. Finally, we propose a novel DL algorithm utilizing consecutive video frames, rather than still images or individual video frames, which further improves the performance of the video SR algorithms. Extensive experimental comparisons with the state-of-the-art SR algorithms verify the effectiveness of our proposed multiple-frame video SR approach.
Physical origin of laser frequency scanning induced by photorefractive phase-conjugate feedback (1999)

We present numerical simulations of the complex grating structure that is generated when several longitudinal modes from a laser induce a self-pumped phase conjugator in a photorefractive barium titanate crystal. The results of the numerical analysis clearly show that the detuning curve of the generated grating structure is asymmetric with respect to the center wavelength of the laser that induced it. The asymmetric feedback to the laser, which is generated by diffraction in the gratings of the structure, initiates the frequency scanning of the laser. It is found that the material frequency dispersion of the barium titanate crystal causes the asymmetry and is the origin that initiates the scanning process. The theoretical predictions are in agreement with the reported experimental observations.
Differential expression and release of CD54 induced by cytokines (1995)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) is upregulated in many cell types stimulated by cytokines. A human hepatoblastoma cell line (C3A, a subclone of HepG2/C3 that is currently being used as a surrogate liver) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were stimulated with interleukin-β (IL-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (EFNγ), or IL-6 to determine any differences in cell type responsiveness to individual cytokines for ICAM-1 upregulation. Time courses were performed with each cytokine evaluating ICAM-1 mRNA, surface expression, and cICAM-1 in the cell culture media. Between 3 and 6 hours, IL-β (30 U/mL) stimulated the greatest increase in hepatocyte ICAM-1 mRNA, followed by IFNγ (100 U/mL), TNFα (30 U/mL), and IL-6 (100 U/mL) in order of potency. Except for EL-6, cytokine-induced hepatocyte surface levels of ICAM-1 (immunofluorescence flow cytometry, mAb R6.5) were dose dependent, with inhibition at higher concentration. Highest levels followed stimulation with IFNγ ( P < .05). Significantly less was found after both EL-1β and TNFα; none was detected after IL-6 ( P < .05). In contrast, IL-1β stimulated significantly more cICAM-1 release from hepatocytes than the other cytokines ( P < .001), and IL-6 stimulated modest cICAM-1. Between 3 and 6 hours in the A549 cells, IL-1β stimulated the greatest increase in ICAM-1 mRNA, followed by TNFα. Both responses were greater than that observed in the hepatocytes. IFNγ-and IL-6-induced ICAM-1 mRNA synthesis was not different from unstimulated A549 cells. Cytokine-induced A549 surface levels of ICAM-1 (immunofluorescence flow cytometry, mAb R6.5) was highest for IL-1β (peak levels similar to hepatocyte response), modest with TNFα (peak levels less than hepatocytes), detectable with IFNγ (much less than hepatocytes), and nondetectable after IL-6. No cICAM-1 release from A549 cells was induced under any condition. In hepatocytes the amount of ICAM-1 mRNA was best accounted for by considering both cell surface levels of ICAM-1 and cICAM-1 levels. In human lung adenocarcinoma cells, the cytokine induction of ICAM-1 mRNA could potentially be accounted for by observing cell surface levels of ICAM-1 because no cICAM-1 was produced. These results suggest that surface ICAM-1 and cICAM-1 may be differentially controlled by each cytokine and by each parenchymal cell type. (Hepatology 1995; 22:866-875.)
Role of E-cadherin in the response of tumor cell aggregates to lymphatic, venous and arterial flow: measurement of cell-cell adhesion strength (1995)

Defects in the expression or function of the calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin are common in invasive, metastatic carcinomas. In the present study the response of aggregates of breast epithelial cells and breast and colon carcinoma cells to forces imposed by laminar flow in a parallel plate flow channel was examined. Although E-cadherin negative tumor cells formed cell aggregates in the presence of calcium, these were significantly more likely than E-cadherin positive cell aggregates to disaggregate in response to low shear forces, such as those found in a lymphatic vessel or venule (< 3.5 dyn/cm2). E-cadherin positive normal breast epithelial cells and E-cadherin positive breast tumor cell aggregates could not be disaggregated when exposed to shear forces in excess of those found in arteries (> 100 dyn/cm2). E-cadherin negative cancer cells which had been transfected with E-cadherin exhibited large increases in adhesion strength only if the expressed protein was appropriately linked to the cytoskeleton. These results show that E-cadherin negative tumor cells, or cells in which the adhesion molecule is present but is inefficiently linked to the cytoskeleton, are far more likely than E-cadherin positive cells to detach from a tumor mass in response to low shear forces, such as those found in a lymphatic vessel or venule. Since a primary route of dissemination of many carcinoma cells is to the local lymph nodes these results point to a novel mechanism whereby defects in cell-cell adhesion could lead to carcinoma cell dissemination.
New Distribution and Biological Records for Native Dung Beetles, in the Tribe Scarabaeini, from Northern New South Wales (2003)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.