gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using dark fiber to displace diesel generators (2013)

Cloud providers and other data center operators are using geo-distributed data centers. But these data centers largely continue to employ the same designs as were appropriate for single data centers. These designs are wasteful because they do not take full advantage of geo-distribution. Geo-redundancy can reduce other redundancy at multiple intermediate layers in individual data centers and decrease costs. We discuss options for changing infrastructure design to realize such savings. Our proposal opens up an exciting and novel area of investigation into the design of software that can effectively leverage such platforms. 1
Phytoagents for Cancer Management: Regulation of Nucleic Acid Oxidation, ROS, and Related Mechanisms (2013)

Accumulation of oxidized nucleic acids causes genomic instability leading to senescence, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Phytoagents are known to reduce the risk of cancer development; whether such effects are through regulating the extent of nucleic acid oxidation remains unclear. Here, we outlined the role of reactive oxygen species in nucleic acid oxidation as a driving force in cancer progression. The consequential relationship between genome instability and cancer progression highlights the importance of modulation of cellular redox level in cancer management. Current epidemiological and experimental evidence demonstrate the effects and modes of action of phytoagents in nucleic acid oxidation and provide rationales for the use of phytoagents as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents. Vitamins and various phytoagents antagonize carcinogen-triggered oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and/or activating endogenous defence systems such as Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes or pathways. Moreover, metal ion chelation by phytoagents helps to attenuate oxidative DNA damage caused by transition metal ions. Besides, the prooxidant effects of some phytoagents pose selective cytotoxicity on cancer cells and shed light on a new strategy of cancer therapy. The "double-edged sword" role of phytoagents as redox regulators in nucleic acid oxidation and their possible roles in cancer prevention or therapy are discussed in this review.
Collagenous Sequence Governs the Trimeric Assembly of Collagen XII (2001)

A minicollagen containing the COL1 and NC1 domains of chicken collagen XII has been produced in insect cells. Significant amounts of trimers contain a triple-helical domain in which the cysteines are not involved in inter- but in intrachain bonds. In reducing conditions, providing that the triple-helix is maintained, disulfide exchange between intra- and interchain bonding is observed, suggesting that the triple-helix forms first and that in favorable redox conditions interchain bonding occurs to stabilize the molecule. This hypothesis is verified by in vitro reassociation studies performed in the presence of reducing agents, demonstrating that the formation of interchain disulfide bonds is not a prerequisite to the trimeric association and triple-helical folding of the collagen XII molecule. Shortening the COL1 domain of minicollagen XII to its five C-terminal GXY triplets results in an absence of trimers. This can be explained by the presence of a collagenous domain that is too short to form a stable triple-helix. In contrast, the presence of five additional C-terminal triplets in COL1 allows the formation of triple-helical disulfide-bonded trimers, suggesting that the presence of a triple-helix is essential for the assembly of collagen XII.
The 60-carbon cluster has been revealed (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe 60-carbon cluster has been revealedSumio. IijimaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 13, 3466–3467Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100297a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100297a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
LTE Capacity and Service Continuity in Multi Radio Environment (2010)

3GPP standards release 8 and 9 have introduced Long Term Evolution (LTE) Radio Access Technology (RAT) to provide broadband services to end users. LTE is an all-IP packet switched technology. The evolution path towards LTE can be done in two ways. First, for GSM only operators, internetworking between GSM networks and LTE is envisioned to go through IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Second, for 3G/3.5G operators the internetworking can be utilized through Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW). LTE deployment and internetworking with the existing GSM/EDGE Radio Access Technology (GERAN) and / or UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Networks (UTRAN) will bring out several technical issues. First, internetworking between GERAN and LTE will highlight the control of voice calls over IP networks. However, most operators agreed to support VoLTE. Second, LTE will be deployed in the same frequency band as of GERAN/UTRAN which will cause signalling problems. In this paper, first, based on service requests, we propose an algorithm to optimize the available network resources in multi radio deployment. Second, single radio IMS enhanced user equipment is modelled, and finally, a voice call continuity study will be conducted through a Discrete Event Simulator (DES) based on multi service environment.
Sphingosine stimulates cellular proliferation via a protein kinase C-independent pathway. (1990)

Sphingosine, a metabolite of membrane sphingolipids, is generally considered to be cytotoxic for a variety of cell types. However, we have found that sphingosine at low concentrations stimulates DNA synthesis and acts synergistically with known growth factors to induce proliferation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Structurally related analogs of sphingosine, such as N-stearoylsphingosine and other long chain aliphatic amines, had no mitogenic effects, suggesting that sphingosine did not induce nonspecific membrane perturbations. Sphingosine, which has been proposed to be a physiological inhibitor of protein kinase C, also markedly potentiates the mitogenic effect of the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Sphingosine still stimulates DNA synthesis in cells made protein kinase C deficient by prolonged treatment with phorbol ester. At mitogenic concentrations, sphingosine does not bind to protein kinase C as shown by its lack of effect on phorbol dibutyrate binding. Only at higher concentrations, in the cytotoxic range, was there a displacement of phorbol dibutyrate from its cellular-binding sites. In contrast to sphingosine, H-7, a known inhibitor of protein kinase C, inhibited the mitogenic response to TPA and the TPA-induced phosphorylation of the 80 kDa cellular substrate of protein kinase C. Our results suggest that sphingosine may play an important role as a positive regulator of cell growth acting in a fundamentally different, protein kinase C-independent pathway.
Chronic Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality (2004)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. Conflicting evidence exists among community-based studies as to whether CKD is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. After subjects with a baseline history of cardiovascular disease were excluded, data from four publicly available, community-based longitudinal studies were pooled: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Heart Study, and Framingham Offspring Study. Serum creatinine levels were indirectly calibrated across studies. CKD was defined by a GFR between 15 and 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). A composite of myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, stroke, and death was the primary study outcome. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for study, demographic variables, educational status, and other cardiovascular risk factors. The total population included 22,634 subjects; 18.4% of the population was black, and 7.4% had CKD. There were 3262 events. In adjusted analyses, CKD was an independent risk factor for the composite study outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.32), and there was a significant interaction between kidney function and race. Black individuals with CKD had an adjusted HR of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.35-2.31), whereas whites had an adjusted HR of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02-1.26). CKD is a risk factor for the composite outcome of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in the general population and a more pronounced risk factor in blacks than in whites. It is hypothesized that this effect may be due to more frequent or more severe subclinical vascular disease secondary to hypertension or diabetes in black individuals.
Information security display via uncrowded window (2014)

With the booming of visual media, people pay more and more attention to privacy protection in public environments. Most existing research on information security such as cryptography and steganography is mainly concerned about transmission and yet little has been done to prevent the information displayed on screens from reaching eyes of the bystanders. This "security of the last foot (SOLF)" problem, if left without being taken care of, will inevitably lead to the total failure of a trustable information communication system. To deal with the SOLF problem, for the application of text-reading, we proposed an eye tracking based solution using the newly revealed concept of uncrowded window from vision research. The theory of uncrowded window suggests that human vision can only effectively recognize objects inside a small window. Object features outside the window may still be detectable but the feature detection results cannot be efficiently combined properly and therefore those objects will not be recognizable. We use eye-tracker to locate fixation points of the authorized reader in real time, and only the area inside the uncrowded window displays the private information we want to protect. A number of dummy windows with fake messages are displayed around the real uncrowded window as diversions. And without the precise knowledge about the fixations of the authorized reader, the chance for bystanders to capture the private message from those surrounding area and the dummy windows is very low. Meanwhile, since the authorized reader can only read within the uncrowded window, detrimental impact of those dummy windows is almost negligible. The proposed prototype system was written in C++ with SDKs of Direct3D, Tobii Gaze SDK, CEGUI, MuPDF, OpenCV and etc. Extended demonstration of the system will be provided to show that the proposed method is an effective solution to SOLF problem of information communication and display.
Improved Bacteriophage-Bacteriocin Applicator (1970)

Teflon spaghetti tubing was placed over the metal needles of the dispensing head of the Accu-Drop multidropper, thus preventing the delivery of multiple drops. A metal plate was drilled so that 25 cartridges could be positioned to inoculate simultaneously 25 compartments in a divided petri dish.
Association Behavior between End‐Functionalized Block Copolymers PEO‐PPO‐PEO and Poly(acrylic acid) (2004)

Abstract Summary: The end groups of ABA‐triblock copolymers HO–PEO–PPO–PEO–OH, (PEO – poly(ethylene oxide), PPO – poly(propylene oxide)), have been modified with ammonia, ethylene diamine and linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) by substitution of the α , ω ‐ditosyl ester of the triblock copolymer (TsO–PEO–PPO–PEO–OTs) with amines, or by the hydrolysis of the corresponding poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMeOx) containing ABCBA block copolymers. The latter block copolymer structures have been obtained by the polymerization of MeOx using TsO–PEO–PPO–PEO–OTs as a macro‐initiator. Adding poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to these (poly)amine terminated block copolymers leads to the formation of networks through a combination of PAA–PEO hydrogen bonding and PAA–(poly)amine acid‐base reaction. Depending on the number of amino groups at both chain ends of the block copolymer, the corresponding complexes behave as liquids, gels or precipitates. Introduction of as little as 1–5 wt.‐% block copolymers H 2 N–PEO–PPO–PEO–NH 2 or H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH–PEO–PPO–PEO–NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 to the system of HO–PEO–PPO–PEO–OH/PAA leads to viscous liquids with strong shear‐thickening behavior. Reversible gel formation via the ternary PAA/HO–PEO–PPO–PEO–OH/H 2 N–PEO–PPO–PEO–NH 2 system under shear conditions. magnified image Reversible gel formation via the ternary PAA/HO–PEO–PPO–PEO–OH/H 2 N–PEO–PPO–PEO–NH 2 system under shear conditions.
The RGFF representational model: a system for the automatically learned partitioning of "visual patterns" in digital images (1999)

This paper describes a system for the automatically learned partitioning of visual patterns in 2D images, based on sophisticated band-pass filtering with fixed scale and orientation sensitivity. The visual patterns are defined as the features which have the highest degree of alignment in the statistical structure across different frequency bands. The analysis reorganizes the image according to an invariance constraint in statistical structure and consists of three stages: pre-attentive stage, integration stage, and learning stage. The first stage takes the input image and performs filtering with log-Gabor filters. Based on their responses, activated filters which are selectively sensitive to patterns in the image are short listed. In the integration stage, common grounds between several activated sensors are explored. The filtered responses are analyzed through a family of statistics. For any given two activated filters, a distance between them is derived via distances between their statistics. The third stage performs cluster partitioning for learning the subspace of log-Gabor filters needed to partition the image data. The clustering is based on a dissimilarity measure intended to highlight scale and orientation invariance of the responses. The technique is illustrated on real and simulated data sets. Finally, this paper presents a computational visual distinctness measure computed from the image representational model based on visual patterns. Experiments are performed to investigate its relation to distinctness as measured by human observers.
Human β-Globin Gene Sequences Injected into Mouse Eggs, Retained in Adults, and Transmitted to Progeny (1982)

Foreign gene sequences were retained in two adult mice (out of 62 analyzed) from fertilized eggs injected with a recombinant plasmid containing the human beta-globin genomic region and the herpes simplex viral thymidine kinase gene. The intact human and viral genes were found in DNA of one of the animals and, in the other, at least part of the human globin gene was present. The latter individual transmitted these sequences to its progeny in a Mendelian ration. Thus, human DNA may be incorporated into the germ line of mice for in vivo studies of regulation of gene expression in development, genetic diseases, and malignancy.
Integrin signaling in inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the rat (2004)

Many painful conditions are associated with alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of affected tissues. While several integrins, the receptors for ECM proteins, are present on sensory neurons that mediate pain, the possible role of these cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory or neuropathic pain has not been explored. We found that the intradermal injection of peptide fragments of domains of laminin and fibronectin important for adhesive signaling selectively inhibited the hyperalgesia caused by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epinephrine (EPI), respectively. The block of EPI hyperalgesia was mimicked by other peptides containing the RGD integrin-binding sequence. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the alpha1 or alpha3 integrin subunits, which participate in laminin binding, selectively blocked PGE2 hyperalgesia, while a mAb against the alpha5 subunit, which participates in fibronectin binding, blocked only EPI-induced hyperalgesia. A mAb against the beta1 integrin subunit, common to receptors for both laminin and fibronectin, inhibited hyperalgesia caused by both agents, as did the knockdown of beta1 integrin expression by intrathecal injection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. The laminin peptide, but not the fibronectin peptides, also reversibly abolished the longer lasting inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. Finally, the neuropathic hyperalgesia caused by systemic administration of the cancer chemotherapy agent taxol was reversibly inhibited by antisense knockdown of beta1 integrin. These results strongly implicate specific integrins in the maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic hyperalgesia.
Performance evaluation and modeling of a conformal filter (CF) based real-time standoff hazardous material detection sensor (2017)

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems can provide detection and identification of a variety of targets in the presence of complex backgrounds. However, current generation sensors are typically large, costly to field, do not usually operate in real time and have limited sensitivity and specificity. Despite these shortcomings, HSI-based intelligence has proven to be a valuable tool, thus resulting in increased demand for this type of technology. By moving the next generation of HSI technology into a more adaptive configuration, and a smaller and more cost effective form factor, HSI technologies can help maintain a competitive advantage for the U.S. armed forces as well as local, state and federal law enforcement agencies. Operating near the physical limits of HSI system capability is often necessary and very challenging, but is often enabled by rigorous modeling of detection performance. Specific performance envelopes we consistently strive to improve include: operating under low signal to background conditions; at higher and higher frame rates; and under less than ideal motion control scenarios. An adaptable, low cost, low footprint, standoff sensor architecture we have been maturing includes the use of conformal liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTFs). These Conformal Filters (CFs) are electro-optically tunable, multivariate HSI spectrometers that, when combined with Dual Polarization (DP) optics, produce optimized spectral passbands on demand, which can readily be reconfigured, to discriminate targets from complex backgrounds in real-time. With DARPA support, ChemImage Sensor Systems (CISS™) in collaboration with Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International are developing a novel, real-time, adaptable, compressive sensing short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging technology called the Reconfigurable Conformal Imaging Sensor (RCIS) based on DP-CF technology. RCIS will address many shortcomings of current generation systems and offer improvements in operational agility and detection performance, while addressing sensor weight, form factor and cost needs. This paper discusses recent test and performance modeling results of a RCIS breadboard apparatus.
Identity Control Method considering Privacy (2005)

Abstract With the complete introduction of the law for protecting personal information in April 2005, the needs concerning protection of privacy have become ever more demanding. Accordingly, in this paper, the authors propose an “identity control ” method that can (i) set the disclosure level for revealing the real name and pseudonym from the anonym according to the receiver’s authority and (ii) select the real name, pseudonym or anonym according to the will of the sender. 1
Analytical Approximation for the Generalized Laplace Equation with Step Function Coefficient (2008)

Many problems in science and engineering require the solution of the steady-state diffusion equation with a highly oscillatory coefficient. In this paper, we propose an analytical approximation $\tilde{u}(x) \in L^p(\Omega)$, $1 \leq p \leq \infty$, for the generalized Laplace equation $\nabla \cdot (K\,(x)\,\nabla u(x)) =0$ in $\Omega \subset R^n$, with prescribed boundary conditions and the coefficient function $K(x) \in L^p(\Omega)$ defined as a step function, not necessarily periodic. The proposed solution can be regarded as an approximation to the weak solution belonging to $W^{1,p}(\Omega)$, the Sobolev space. When the coefficient function describes inclusions in a main matrix, then $K(x)$ is a periodic function, and such formulation leads to an approximation, in $L^p(\Omega)$, to the solution of the periodic cell-problem, $\nabla \cdot (K(\varepsilon^{-1}x)\nabla\mathbf{w}(\varepsilon^{-1}x)) = \nabla \cdot (K(\varepsilon^{-1}x)\mathbf{1})$. The solution to the cell-problem is the key information needed to obtain the upscaled coefficient and therefore the zeroth-order approximation for a generalized elliptic equation with highly oscillating coefficient in $\Omega \subset R^n$. Our numerical computation of the error between the proposed analytical approximation for the cell-problem, $\tilde{w}(\varepsilon^{-1}x)$ in $L^{p}(\Omega)$, and the solution $w(\varepsilon^{-1}x)$ in $W^{1,2}(\Omega)$, demonstrates to converge in the $L^2$-norm, when the scale parameter $\varepsilon$ approaches zero. The proposed approximation leads to the lower bound of the generalized Voigt–Reiss inequality, which is a more accurate two-sided estimate than the classical Voigt–Reiss inequality. As an application, we compute our approximate value for the homogenized coefficient when the heterogeneous coefficients are inclusions such as squares, circles, and lozenges, and we demonstrate that the results underestimate the effective coefficient with an error of 10% on average, when compared with published numerical results.