gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What? How? Female-Female Desire in Sidney's New Arcadia (1997)

In early modern England (more particularly, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries) how likely was it for a close friend ship between young women to become active sexually? Did female friendships flourish because it was confidently and correctly under stood that they would not become sexual? Or did they flourish de spite a fear that they might become sexual? Or did female friendship flourish because the prospect of a friendship's turning sexual was not frightening, either because female-female sex was acceptable (at least in certain limited settings) or because it was felt to be merely a stage which most who entered would grow beyond? These are questions now being examined by scholars trying to understand the sexuality of the past, an effort perhaps fated to meet with only partial success. The records that survive are distributed unevenly across class and region, and where they exist, they are inadequate, incomplete, and often oblique. Alan Bray's celebrated Homosexuality in Renaissance England, pub lished in 1982, is concerned neither with the boundaries between same-sex friendship and sex, nor with female homosexuality.2 Yet Bray's book raises important general issues. It proposes that homo sexuality in Renaissance England was not yet a personal identity, a distinctive style of life, or a subculture. Homosexual acts were not clearly distinguished from other kinds of errant sexual activity to which frail flesh was prone. Homosexual incidents arose within pa triarchal structures—the household, educational institutions, for ex ample—where heterosexuality was firmly established. Perceiving no threat, the authorities dealt with such offenses mildly, unless other issues were involved. Of course, political and religious authorities condemned the idea of homosexuality in the most robust terms. Homosexuality was a disruption of that natural order which individ uals were obliged to uphold. But, so Bray argues, homosexuality as a thing associated with the devil and witchcraft and the monstrous seemed unrelated to infractions that seemed minor to perpetrator and
El Pabellón Real en la exposiciones universales (1992)

Synergistic microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit appealing features, such as sophisticated metabolic capabilities and robustness. This has inspired fast-growing interest in engineering synthetic microbial consortia for biotechnology development. However, there are relatively few reports of their use in real-world applications, and achieving population stability and regulation has proven to be challenging. In this work, we bridge ecology theory with engineering principles to develop robust synthetic fungal-bacterial consortia for efficient biosynthesis of valuable products from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The required biological functions are divided between two specialists: the fungus Trichoderma reesei, which secretes cellulase enzymes to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomass into soluble saccharides, and the bacterium Escherichia coli, which metabolizes soluble saccharides into desired products. We developed and experimentally validated a comprehensive mathematical model for T. reesei/E. coli consortia, providing insights on key determinants of the system's performance. To illustrate the bioprocessing potential of this consortium, we demonstrate direct conversion of microcrystalline cellulose and pretreated corn stover to isobutanol. Without costly nutrient supplementation, we achieved titers up to 1.88 g/L and yields up to 62% of theoretical maximum. In addition, we show that cooperator-cheater dynamics within T. reesei/E. coli consortia lead to stable population equilibria and provide a mechanism for tuning composition. Although we offer isobutanol production as a proof-of-concept application, our modular system could be readily adapted for production of many other valuable biochemicals.
SLAGGING BEHAVIOUR OF WOOD ASH UPON ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFICATION CONDITIONS: PRELIMINARY STUDIES (2004)

Introduction Entrained flow gasification is one of the most promising technologies to convert biomass streams for large-scale applications aimed at (integrated) production of power, hydrogen and chemicals (e.g. Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuels). Application of biomass streams in entrained-flow gasifiers similar to those employed in coal gasification (e.g. slagging gasifiers) requires R&D concerning fuel feeding and ash behavior, especially with regard to ash slagging tendencies. This paper present results related to characterization of slag behaviour of selected wood streams beech, willow, wood mixture under simulated (pressurized, oxygen blown) entrained-flow gasification conditions. Wood ash in the fuel is very low (about 1% fuel weight), and characterized by high alkaline-earth and alkali metals content. Therefore its application upon conditions typical of slagging gasifiers requires careful adaptation, since the latter are designed for higher fuel ash content (typically > 6% fuel weight) and operate at a temperature where coal ash can form a molten slag (typically 1300-1500 °C).
CHL1 encodes a component of the low-affinity nitrate uptake system in Arabidopsis and shows cell type-specific expression in roots. (1996)

The Arabidopsis CHL1 (AtNRT1) gene confers sensitivity to the herbicide chlorate and encodes a nitrate-regulated nitrate transporter. However, how CHL1 participates in nitrate uptake in plants is not yet clear. In this study, we examined the in vivo function of CHL1 with in vivo uptake measurements and in situ hybridization experiments. Under most conditions tested, the amount of nitrate uptake by a chl1 deletion mutant was found to be significantly less than that of the wild type. This uptake deficiency was reversed when a CHL1 cDNA clone driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was expressed in transgenic chl1 plants. Furthermore, tissue-specific expression patterns showed that near the root tip, CHL1 mRNA is found primarily in the epidermis, but further from the root tip, the mRNA is found in the cortex or endodermis. These results are consistent with the involvement of CHL1 in nitrate uptake at different stages of root cell development. A functional analysis in Xenopus oocytes indicated that CHL1 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter with a K(m) value of approximately 8.5 mM for nitrate. This finding is consistent with the chlorate resistance phenotype of chl1 mutants. However, these results do not fit the current model of a single, constitutive component for the low-affinity uptake system. To reconcile this discrepancy and the complex uptake behavior observed, we propose a "two-gene" model for the low-affinity nitrate uptake system of Arabidopsis.
Real-time swallowing detection based on tracheal acoustics (2014)

Wearable systems play an important role in continuous health monitoring and can contribute to early detection of abnormal events. The ability to automatically detect swallowing in real-time can provide valuable insight into eating behavior, medication adherence monitoring, and diagnosis and evaluation of swallowing disorders. In this paper, we have developed a real-time swallowing detection algorithm based on acoustic signals that combines computationally inexpensive features to achieve comparable performance with previously proposed methods using acoustic and non-acoustic data. With data from four healthy subjects that includes common tracheal events such as speech, chewing, coughing, clearing the throat, and swallowing of different liquids, our results show an overall recall performance of 79.9% and precision of 67.6%.
CoP 활성화를 통한 지식경영 - 아이쿱생협의 인트라넷 활용사례- (2013)

This paper aims to describe how knowledge management could be put into practice in a voluntary way. From a practice-based standpoint, this study focused closely on the linkage between knowledge and practice. It is because knowledge management could fail if not put into practice. Using its own information system, iCOOP, a federation of consumers` co-operatives in Korea has been practised successful knowledge management voluntarily with its members. Based on the exploratory case study on iCOOP, this study conducted focused interviews with 5 member co-operatives of iCOOP. Main findings are as follows. First, an NoP emerges within a corporate information system when corporate work processes are concentrated in the information system. Second, corporate information system facilitates CoPs and the NoP when its information and information about its users are opened to all of the information system users. In conclusion, this study points out that it is not the matter of primary importance to build a knowledge management system. Rather, practice has the key to the successful knowledge management.
Why interpersonal relations matter for economics (2005)

Is sociality decaying? Are the hidden foundations of society silently crumbling beneath the ever more complex institutional buildings we are busy constructing or repairing on top of them? That many people are concerned about these questions is obvious from the response evoked by Robert Putnam's (1993b, 1995, 2000) recent claims that, at least in the United States, the last thirty years have seen a steady downward trend in many different kinds of formal and informal social engagement. An explosive number of articles, books, speeches, conferences and Web pages witness that Putnam has touched a sensitive nerve. Many social scientists and politicians have taken his arguments very seriously. Others have rejected them in ways that suggest that something more than intellectual disagreement is at stake (see, for instance, Fine, 2001). Among some of Putnam's opponents, there is a fear that he is providing ammunition for a conservative or communitarian backlash against the liberal social trends of the late twentieth century. But, even if this fear is understandable, it seems to betray an uneasy sense that Putnam's arguments have some credibility.
Using Power-Anomalies to Counter Evasive Micro-Architectural Attacks in Embedded Systems (2019)

High-assurance embedded systems are deployed for decades and expensive to re-certify – hence, each new attack is an unpatchable problem that can only be detected by monitoring out-of-band channels such as the system’s power trace or electromagnetic emissions. Micro-Architectural attacks, for example, have recently come to prominence since they break all existing software-isolation based security – for example, by hammering memory rows to gain root privileges or by abusing speculative execution and shared hardware to leak secret data. This work is the first to use anomalies in an embedded system’s power trace to detect evasive micro-architectural attacks. To this end, we introduce power-mimicking micro-architectural attacks – including DRAM-rowhammer attacks, side/covert-channel and speculation-driven attacks – to study their evasiveness. We then quantify the operating range of the power-anomalies detector using the Odroid XU3 board – showing that rowhammer attacks cannot evade detection while covert channel and speculation-driven attacks can evade detection but are forced to operate at a 36× and 7× lower bandwidth. Our power-anomaly detector is efficient and can be embedded-of-band into (e.g.,) programmable batteries. While rowhammer, side-channel, and speculation-driven attack defenses require invasive code- and hardware-changes in general-purpose systems, we show that power-anomalies are a simple and effective defense for embedded systems. Power-anomalies can help future-proof embedded systems against vulnerabilities that are likely to emerge as new hardware like phase-change memories and accelerators become mainstream.
Handbook of Textile Testing and Quality Control (1960)

Historical background of textile industry · Introduction to fiber and textile fibers Control of Mixing quality and cost Textile Testing & Quality Control 1. Quality is a relative term. It means customer needs is to be satisfied. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers demand and expect v... Textile testing and quality control of modern lace knitting, Hand book of weaving, Handbook of textile design, Reference books of textile technologiesweaving.
Reaction Rates of Water in Imidazole-Buffered Methanolic Karl Fischer Reagents (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction Rates of Water in Imidazole-Buffered Methanolic Karl Fischer ReagentsChristina. Oraedd and Anders. CedergrenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 15, 2603–2607Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00087a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00087a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct fluorination of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane. Sterically protected residual protons? (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect fluorination of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane. Sterically protected residual protons?L. A. Shimp and R. J. LagowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 21, 3437–3438Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00441a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00441a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reinforcement Learning-Based Predictive Control for Autonomous Electrified Vehicles (2018)

This paper proposes a learning-based predictive control technique for self-driving hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). This approach is a hierarchical framework. The higher-level is a human-like driver model, which is applied to predict accelerations in the car following situation to replicate a human driver's demonstrations. The lower-level is a reinforcement learning (RL)-based controller, which enforces the battery and fuel consumption constraints to improve energy efficiency of HEV. In addition, we present induced matrix norm (IMN) to handle cases that the training data cannot provide sufficient information on how to operate in current driving situation. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can reproduce human driver's driving style and promote fuel economy.
The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (Ngly1)--basic science encounters a human genetic disorder (2014)

Peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) is a de-N-glycosylating enzyme that cleaves intact N-glycans from glycoproteins/glycopeptides. The activity of the cytoplasmic PNGase in several mammalian-derived cultured cells was first reported in 1993, and 7 years later, the gene encoding the enzyme was identified in budding yeast. Although the gene-PNG1 in budding yeast and NGLY1/Ngly1 in mammalian cells-appears to be well conserved throughout eukaryotes, the biological significance of this enzyme has remained elusive until recently. However, discovery of a human genetic disorder involving the NGLY1 gene clearly indicates that this enzyme plays a critical role in human biology. This review summarizes the research history of cytoplasmic PNGase. The importance of curiosity-driven, pure 'basic science' will also be discussed.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors: A Review on Pharmacophore Mapping and QSAR Studies (2013)

p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are the serine/threonine protein kinases, which play a vital role in cellular responses to external stress signals. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors have shown anti-inflammatory effects in the preclinical disease models, primarily through inhibition of the expression of inflammatory mediators. A number of structurally diverse p38 MAP kinase inhibitors have been developed as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Most of the inhibitors have failed in the clinical trials either due to poor pharmacokinetic profile or selectivity issue, which makes p38 MAP kinase a promising target for molecular modelling studies. Several quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) and pharmacophore models have been developed to identify the structural requirements essential for p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the presently known p38 MAP kinase inhibitors and how QSAR analyses among series of compounds have led to the development of molecular models and pharmacophores, allowing the design of novel inhibitors.
Algorithms for locating faults on series compensated lines using neural network and deterministic methods (1996)

This paper investigates a scheme to improve the reach measurement of distance relays and fault locators for series compensated power lines. A deterministic method and a feedforward neural network method have been implemented for online calculation of the voltage across a nonlinear capacitor installation. These techniques are compared and incorporated into a new relaying scheme which is independent of the series capacitor installation, operation of the capacitor protection, and the surrounding power system elements. The proposed scheme is simple and accurate and requires only local voltage and current at the bus. Detailed testing using EMTP has been done to show the benefits of the new adaptive scheme. The results demonstrate the suitability of the techniques for real world applications.
Measurement and analysis of BitTorrent (2008)

BitTorrent is assumed and predicted to be the world's largest Peer to Peer (P2P)\nnetwork. Previous studies of the protocol mainly focus on its file sharing algorithm,\nand many relevant aspects of the protocol remain untouched. In the thesis, we conduct a number of experiments to explore those untouched aspects. We implement a\nBitTorrent crawler to collect data from trackers and peers, and statistically analyze\nit to understand the characteristics and behaviors of the BitTorrent protocol better.\nWe find that the expected lifetime of a peer in the BitTorrent is 56.6 minutes and\nthe activity is diurnal. Peers show strong preference towards a limited number of\ntorrents, and 10% of torrents are responsible for 67% of traffic. The US contributes\nmaximum number of peers to the BitTorrent and µTorrent emerges as the favorite\nBitTorrent client. We measure the strength of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)\nattack using BitTorrent network and conclude that it is transient and weak. Finally\nwe address and discuss the content locatability problem in BitTorrent and propose\ntwo solutions.
Nanophotonic, Hot-Electron Avalanche Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Detectors with a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structure (2015)

We present nanophotonic MOS solar-blind avalanche UV detectors with 0.95A/W responsivity at λ=290 nm (400% efficiency), using Sn nanogratings as the active UV absorber for hot-electron generation and transport across the metal/oxide barrier.
Bit Modulation Methods (1986)

Bit modulation is the process of representing binary bits (logic 1 or 0) as two voltage levels. Several methods are available, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Three methods are described to highlight the two main considerations, dc component and maximum modulation frequency. For flexibility of circuit design, both the dc component and the maximum modulation frequency should be kept to a minimum.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Influence of Spacer on the DCMD Process Performance (2015)

In this study, the experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out to achieve a more comprehensive and systematic understandings on the fundamentals in heat and mass transfer through a commercial flat sheet composite membrane that employs different types of spacers in bulk feed and permeate flow channels. The commercial composite membrane used is comprised of an active layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a scrim-backing support layer of polypropylene (PP), and its performance has been tested in the DCMD process. The different types of polypropylene and nylon mesh spacers have been used at both sides of the composite membrane as a support and turbulence promoter. In DCMD process the water vapor passes through the dry membrane pores, driven by the vapor partial pressure difference imposed between the liquid–vapor interfaces. The mass transport through the composite membrane can be described by two individual transfer paths: (i) polytetrafluoroethylene active layer not covered by polypropylene scrim support layer at the permeate side (i.e., effective open area for diffusion) and (ii) composite polytetrafluoroethylene active and polypropylene support layers. The influence of the spacers on the permeate flux enhancement in DCMD process with a PTFE/PP composite membrane has been examined experimentally and theoretically. The heat transfer coefficients are evaluated and correlated with the spacer geometries, hydrodynamic angle and voidage.
53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1-Nbs1 function in parallel interacting pathways activating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in response to DNA damage. (2003)

53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1 are recruited rapidly to sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), where they are hypothesized to function downstream of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) checkpoint kinase as "mediators" of DNA DSB signaling. To test this hypothesis, we suppressed 53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1 expression by small interference RNA and monitored ATM autophosphorylation at Ser(1981) as a marker for ATM activation. Suppression of NFBD1/MDC1 led to decreased ATM activation and phosphorylation of ATM substrates. This phenotype was identical to that observed in cells with defective Nbs1 function and is consistent with recent observations identifying NFBD1/MDC1 as a component of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 protein complex. In cells with wild-type Nbs1, suppression of 53BP1 expression had no effect on ATM activation but was associated with increased recruitment of NFBD1/MDC1 and Nbs1 to sites of DNA breaks, suggesting that decreased 53BP1 function might be compensated for by increased NFBD1/MDC1 and Nbs1 activity. Indeed, in cells with mutant Nbs1, suppression of 53BP1 led to decreased ATM activation and phosphorylation of ATM substrates. We conclude that DNA DSBs activate ATM through at least two independent pathways involving 53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1-Nbs1, respectively.