gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic transport of fluorescent molecules: In Vivo studies using intravital TV microscopy (1986)

Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the role of intravital epifluorescent TV microscopy in the study of the hepatic transport of sodium fluorescein and fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate in rats and hamsters. It was found that the apparent sinusoid to canaliculus transport time for fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate was only half of that for sodium fluorescein, 0.50 and 0.92 sec, respectively. The sinusoid to bile transport time was 35 sec for fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate and 90 sec for sodium fluorescein. There were also marked differences in zonal clearance of these two substances. Sodium fluorescein was removed from Zone 1 much faster than from Zone 3, while fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate was cleared at the same rate by hepatocytes in all three acinar zones. This study provides direct evidence that there are zonal differences in hepatic transport rates for certain compounds. It also demonstrates that epifluorescent TV microscopy has the potential to provide quantitative data on the transport rates of bile acids and other molecules into, through and out of the liver.
Correlating Multiallelic Copy Number Polymorphisms with Disease Susceptibility (2012)

The human genome contains a significant amount of sequence variation, from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large stretches of DNA that may be present in a range of different copies between individuals. Several such regions are variable in >1% of the population (referred to as copy number polymorphisms or CNPs), and many studies have looked for associations between the copy number of genes within multiallelic CNPs and disease susceptibility. Associations have indeed been described for several genes, including the β-defensins (DEFB4, DEFB103, DEFB104), chemokine ligand 3 like 1 (CCL3L1), Fc gamma receptor 3B (FCGR3B), and complement component C4 (C4). However, follow-up replication in independent cohorts has failed to reproduce a number of these associations. It is clear that replicated associations such as those between C4 and systemic lupus erythematosus, and β-defensin and psoriasis, have used robust genotyping methodologies. Technical issues associated with genotyping sequences of high identity may therefore account for failure to replicate other associations. Here, we compare and contrast the most popular approaches that have been used to genotype CNPs, describe how they have been applied in different situations, and discuss potential reasons for the difficulty in reproducibly linking multiallelic CNPs to complex diseases.
Basal replication of hepatitis C virus in nude mice harboring human tumor (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can infect and propagate in humans and chimpanzees. Whereas the chimpanzee has been used as an animal model for infection, ethical considerations, conservation, and the prohibitively high cost preclude progress for experimental research on the biology of the virus. The development of a small animal model for HCV infection is thus desirable to facilitate studies on the infectious cycle of the virus and for the evaluation of drugs for the treatment of HCV infections in humans. As an alternative to the chimpanzee model, we have established a model based on ex vivo infection of orthotopically-implanted human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) in athymic nude mice. The results show that up to 42 days post-infection, HCV RNA was present in the tumor cells as well as in the liver and serum of infected mice. Furthermore, a direct correlation between size of the tumor and the presence of HCV RNA in the liver was observed, which is concordant with the finding that HCV RNA was detectable only in mice harboring human tumor. Immunohistochemistry analysis of infected liver specimens showed cells expressing the HCV encoded NS5B protein. A few mice developed a humoral response against the nonstructural viral proteins, providing further evidence for expression of these proteins during viral infection. In summary, these results suggest that mice harboring orthotopic tumors support a basal level of HCV replication in vivo.
Melatonin-induced methylation of the ABCG2/BCRP promoter as a novel mechanism to overcome multidrug resistance in brain tumour stem cells (2013)

Our results point out a possible relationship between the downregulation of ABCG2/BCRP function and the synergistic toxic effect of melatonin and chemotherapeutic drugs. Melatonin could be a promising candidate to overcome multidrug resistance in the treatment of glioblastomas, and thus improve the efficiency of current therapies.
An Efficient Platform for Astrocyte Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2017)

Growing evidence implicates the importance of glia, particularly astrocytes, in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here, we describe a rapid and robust method for the differentiation of highly pure populations of replicative astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), via a neural progenitor cell (NPC) intermediate. We evaluated this protocol across 42 NPC lines (derived from 30 individuals). Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that hiPSC-astrocytes from four individuals are highly similar to primary human fetal astrocytes and characteristic of a non-reactive state. hiPSC-astrocytes respond to inflammatory stimulants, display phagocytic capacity, and enhance microglial phagocytosis. hiPSC-astrocytes also possess spontaneous calcium transient activity. Our protocol is a reproducible, straightforward (single medium), and rapid (<30 days) method to generate populations of hiPSC-astrocytes that can be used for neuron-astrocyte and microglia-astrocyte co-cultures for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Grottoes and shell houses (1942)

Journal Article Grottoes and shell houses Get access Alan B. Anderson Alan B. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 183, Issue 1, 4 July 1942, Pages 27–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/183.1.27c Published: 04 July 1942
Professional Education of Physical Education Teachers in Germany (1938)

(1938). Professional Education of Physical Education Teachers in Germany. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 10-60.
A single-wheel, gyroscopically stabilized robot (2002)

We are developing a novel concept for mobility, and studying fundamental research issues on dynamics and control of the mobile robot. The robot, called Gyrover, is a single-wheel vehicle with an internal gyroscope that provides mechanical stabilization and steering capability. This configuration conveys significant advantages over multi-wheel, statically stable vehicles, including good dynamic stability and insensitivity to attitude disturbances; high manoeuvrability; low rolling resistance; ability to recover from falls; and amphibious capability. In this paper we present the design, analysis and implementation of the robot, as well as the associated research issues and potential applications.
Release of Chemosterilized Males for the Control of Anopheles Albimanus in el Salvador (1974)

A colony of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann was established by collecting females from the Lake Apastepeque test area a few months before a release program was to begin. By the time of the releases, the approximately 120,000 larvae set daily in 60 trays netted a daily mean of 42,900 pupae in the male fraction after sexing. Of these, 86% were male, and 89% emerged as viable adults. Virtually complete male sterility (99.8%) was produced by exposing the pupae for 1 hr in a 1% aqueous solution of P,P-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methyl phosphinothioic amide; female sterility was 96.6%. The treated pupae were packaged in aluminum pans lined with wet filter paper and covered with fiberglass, held overnight in styrofoam coolers, and transported to the release area by motor vehicle the following morning. Rearing and sterilization costs are estimated at about $280 per million male pupae, exclusive of the costs of the buildings, utilities, vehicles, and nonexpendable supplies and materials. About 40 square meters of floor space would be required for the shelving necessary to accommodate sufficient adults and larvae to produce 70,000 male pupae per day.
Acute myeloid leukemia fusion proteins deregulate genes involved in stem cell maintenance and DNA repair (2003)

Acute myelogenous leukemias (AMLs) are genetically heterogeneous and characterized by chromosomal rearrangements that produce fusion proteins with aberrant transcriptional regulatory activities. Expression of AML fusion proteins in transgenic mice increases the risk of myeloid leukemias, suggesting that they induce a preleukemic state. The underlying molecular and biological mechanisms are, however, unknown. To address this issue, we performed a systematic analysis of fusion protein transcriptional targets. We expressed AML1/ETO, PML/RAR, and PLZF/RAR in U937 hemopoietic precursor cells and measured global gene expression using oligonucleotide chips. We identified 1,555 genes regulated concordantly by at least two fusion proteins that were further validated in patient samples and finally classified according to available functional information. Strikingly, we found that AML fusion proteins induce genes involved in the maintenance of the stem cell phenotype and repress DNA repair genes, mainly of the base excision repair pathway. Functional studies confirmed that ectopic expression of fusion proteins constitutively activates pathways leading to increased stem cell renewal (e.g., the Jagged1/Notch pathway) and provokes accumulation of DNA damage. We propose that expansion of the stem cell compartment and induction of a mutator phenotype are relevant features underlying the leukemic potential of AML-associated fusion proteins.
Traditional knowledge and natural dyeing system of Manipur – with special reference to Kum dye (2009)

The Meitei women practice dyeing in Manipur using varieties of plant leaves, flowers and tree barks. However, the use of kum (Strobilanthus flaccidifolius) is more significant than any other type of vegetable dyes because of its superior quality than the others. The paper focus on the traditional knowledge and traditional dyeing system in Manipur emphasizing on the preparations of kum dye and preparation of dyes of different colours using kum.
Validation trial of an accelerometer‐based sensor platform for swimming (2008)

In this article, tri‐axial accelerometer devices were used to record swimming motion information at the sacrum. Algorithms have been developed to derive stroke characteristics from the tri‐axial accelerometer data. A comparative statistical analysis of manually‐collected and accelerometer‐derived data for swimming is performed using video data as reference sources. The results show that accelerometer‐derived stroke characteristics can be as good as or better than manually‐collected data. Accelerometer data processing requires less personnel and technical resources than manual collection or video analysis, enabling greater flexibility of usage and quicker delivery of results. The ability to collect performance measures at every training session could provide a useful tool for assessing training loads, intervention effectiveness, or injury recovery.
Optimization of an In Vitro Dissolution Test Method for Inhalation Formulations (2010)

The aim of this research project was to investigate a potential standardized test method to characterize the dissolution properties of numerous formulation types available for pulmonary delivery. A commercially available dissolution tester was adapted for use as a testing apparatus by the incorporation of a membrane-containing holder. The holder was designed to enclose previously air-classified formulations so that they could be uniformly tested in the dissolution apparatus. Dissolution procedures, the apparatus, dose collection, medium, and test conditions were developed relying on USP General Chapter <1092>. To collect an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) fraction from the devices for subsequent dissolution studies, aerodynamic particle separation on the membrane holder was achieved using the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) for two commercially available products, Ventolin HFA and Pulmicort Flexhaler. The dissolution profiles of budesonide (BD) and albuterol sulfate (AS) were successfully estimated by analyzing the amount of drug released from the membrane holder. This dissolution method may be applied to quality control studies for various inhalation products. In particular, the in vitro dissolution profiles of the drugs may provide an estimate of their dispersion characteristics, which directly relate to the device or aerosol performances.
<title>Comparative study on optical proximity effect correction with various types of dummy patterns and its application to DRAM devices</title> (1994)

Because lithographic patterns' quality is functions of quality of aerial image, resist behavior, substrate conditions, topography, etc., pattern quality can be significantly improved if all of those factors are improved simultaneously. In this paper we propose a method called fidelity enhancement with extremely small dummy lines (FEED) to correct optical proximity affect by adding dummy patterns well below the stepper's resolution limit, and show how much aerial image quality improvement and process latitude are possible with this method. Various sized dummy lines were deployed in horizontal, vertical, and both directions in conjunction with different numerical aperture (NAs) of i-line steppers for the characterization of the FEED. Dummy lines with sizes ranging from 0.1 micrometers to 0.18 micrometers turned out to be useful for our 64 mega bit DRAM's storage node patterns. FEED showed possibilities to be utilized in any device patterns which inevitably have patterns susceptible to optical proximity effect.
Epidemiology of Noroviruses in Ghana: A Case Study of Norovirus Detection (2020)

Diarrheal diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children under age five. Most of the 2.5 million annual diarrhea-related deaths occur in developing countries, where access to treatment is limited by geographic, cultural and knowledge-based factors. Noroviruses, the leading cause of diarrhea in adults, are the second leading viral etiology of diarrhea in children behind rotaviruses, causing a roughly estimated 218,000 child deaths a year. The recent introduction of rotavirus vaccines throughout the world may open a path for noroviruses to take over as the leading viral etiology of diarrhea in children. However, while norovirus vaccines are still currently in development, the burden of norovirus disease in many developing nations has yet to be established. Through the analysis of 152 stool specimens collected from Ghanaian children presenting with diarrhea from 3 sites, this study demonstrates that noroviruses are a significant contributor to the childhood diarrheal disease burden in Ghana, responsible for at least 16.4% of all cases. The results help establish the baseline norovirus prevalence in this developing nation prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccines and explore the potential for future interventions against this major viral etiology of childhood diarrhea. Moreover, a survey of the disparities in norovirus studies around the world leads to a call for standardized detection protocols.
Electron tunneling between ferromagnetic films (1982)

Spin-polarized tunneling of electrons through Ni-NiO-Ni, Co, and Fe junctions is discussed. The hysteresis of the tunneling resistance in a magnetic field originates in the magnetization process and demonstrates a new interplay of electronic and magnetic properties in ferromagnetic metals.
Multilevel phase holograms manufactured by electron-beam lithography (1990)

Ten-level transmission phase holograms (kinoforms) manufactured in one resist layer by electron-beam lithography are reported for the first time to our knowledge. The measured hologram diffraction efficiencies were 70% for the two resist materials used. This corresponds to 82% of the maximum theoretical value for these holograms and is, to our knowledge, the highest reported to date.
Adjuvant therapy in cervical cancer patients with high risk factors (1997)

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies are used adjunctively with surgery or radiation and are among the treatment options that are now employed for reducing treatment failure in early-stage cervical cancers with high-risk prognostic factors. Adjuvant therapies have been reported to significantly improve survival than would otherwise be possible with surgery or radiotherapy alone. However, for advanced cervical cancers, sequential or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy does not appear to significantly increase survival. The combination of radiotherapy with IFN-a2a and RA in the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer showed high response rates, however this should be confirmed in larger studies. Recent reports show that postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy has no benefit in survival, but that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has improved survival. Toxicities and the optimum number of cycles of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, as well as biologic therapy, will follow along with individualized treatment based on high-risk prognostic factors. Although more comprehensive studies and longer follow up will be required for complete evaluation of these adjuvant therapies, preliminary results are promising.
Dynamic compensation for exact model-matching of two-dimensional systems (1980)

The paper considers the problem of matching exactly the transfer function matrix of a given 2-D (two-dimensional) system to that of a desired 2-D model using output feedback, where in the feedback loop proportional (P), integral (I) and derivative (D) terms are present. The approach followed reduces the problem to that of solving a linear system of algebraic equations. Furthermore, necessary and sufficient conditions are established for exact matching. An example is included to illustrate the proposed technique.
Increases in transforming growth factor‐β mRNA in hippocampus during response to entorhinal cortex lesions in intact and adrenalectomized rats (1991)

Transforming growth factor-beta mRNA was detected with a rat TGF-beta 1 coding sequence probe as a 2.5 kb band by RNA blot hybridization of total RNA from the adult male rat hippocampus. Following electrolytic lesions of the entorhinal cortex that cause hippocampal deafferentation and synaptic remodeling, TGF-beta mRNA increases 5-fold in ipsilateral hippocampus when compared with intact controls. This increase was independent of prior adrenalectomy or corticosterone-replacement. These data demonstrate that TGF-beta gene expression increases in response to hippocampal deafferentation.
High-temperature multilayers (2005)

The effect of elevated temperatures on the optical and structural stability of MoSi<sub>2</sub>/Si and Mo/C/Si/C multilayer coatings was investigated. The multilayer mirrors were designed for normal-incidence reflectivity at a wavelength of about 13.5 nm. The multilayers were deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering and subsequently annealed at temperatures of 400 °C and 500 °C for 1, 10 and 100 hours. X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and normal-incidence reflectivity measurements were used for the characterization of the multilayer structures. We achieved maximal normal-incidence reflectivities of 41.2 % and 59.6 % for as-deposited MoSi<sub>2</sub>/S and Mo/C/Si/C multilayer mirrors. While the optical properties of Mo/C/Si/C multilayers changed monotonically during annealing time at temperatures of more than 400 °C, the MoSi<sub>2</sub>/Si multilayers showed a superior thermal stability up to 500 °C. New barrier layer materials were also suggested to enhance the thermal stability of Mo/Si multilayers. Interface-engineered Mo/Si multilayer mirrors were designed to combine both a high reflectivity of more than 60 % at 13.5 nm and a superior long-term thermal stability of up to 500 °C.
Structural optimization: A new dual method using mixed variables (1986)

Abstract A new and powerful mathematical programming method is described, which is capable of solving a broad class of structural optimization problems. The method employs mixed direct/reciprocal design variables in order to get conservative, first‐order approximations to the objective function and to the constraints. By this approach the primary optimization problem is replaced with a sequence of explicit subproblems. Each subproblem being convex and separable, it can be efficiently solved by using a dual formulation. An attractive feature of the new method lies in its inherent tendency to generate a sequence of steadily improving feasible designs. Examples of application to real‐life aerospace structures are offered to demonstrate the power and generality of the approach presented.
Photoconductivity in Lead Selenide. Experimental (1957)

The electrical and photoconductive properties of evaporated films of PbSe have been investigated using oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and the halogens as sensitizers. Each sensitizer acts as an acceptor impurity; increasing sensitizer concentration causes the film resistance to increase through a maximum and then decrease, the film changing from $n$ to $p$ type at the resistance maximum. Photoconductivity at room temperature could be produced only by treatment with oxygen; the time constant $\ensuremath{\tau}$ was of the order of 1 \ensuremath{\mu}sec. At -195\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C photoconductivity ($\ensuremath{\tau}=15 \mathrm{to} 30$ \ensuremath{\mu}sec) could be produced by any of the sensitizers, while oxygen treatment gave in addition a response with $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}5$ msec. The spectral response extends to longer wavelengths in thick films than in thin films, but is independent of sensitizer used. It is concluded that oxygen introduces acceptor levels which are minority carrier traps, while the other sensitizers introduce acceptor levels which are not effective minority carrier traps.
MONASCORUBRIN. I. “MONASCAMINONE,” A DEGRADATION PRODUCT (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMONASCORUBRIN. I. "MONASCAMINONE," A DEGRADATION PRODUCTMamoru Ohashi, Sho-Ichiro Kumasaki, Shosuki Yamamura, Koji Nakanishi, and Hisashi KoikeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 23, 6339Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01532a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01532a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts