gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Megawatt-scale average-power ultrashort pulses in an enhancement cavity (2014)

We investigate power scaling of ultrashort-pulse enhancement cavities. We propose a model for the sensitivity of a cavity design to thermal deformations of the mirrors due to the high circulating powers. Using this model and optimized cavity mirrors, we demonstrate 400 kW of average power with 250 fs pulses and 670 kW with 10 ps pulses at a central wavelength of 1040 nm and a repetition rate of 250 MHz. These results represent an average power improvement of one order of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art systems with similar pulse durations and will thus benefit numerous applications such as the further scaling of tabletop sources of hard x rays (via Thomson scattering of relativistic electrons) and of soft x rays (via high harmonic generation).
Real-time processing for ultra-wide SAR sub-surface sensing (2003)

Ongoing experiments have demonstrated the utility of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the detection of deep sub-surface structures. Volumetric images of the sub-surface can be produced using bistatic, near-field sensing, combined with wide-angle, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing techniques. However, the nature of the problem precludes the use of standard SAR image formation algorithms, and requires a numerically intensive approach. Initial efforts used non-real-time, post-experiment data processing to form the images, but this is not satisfactory for the ultimate goal of an airborne, real-time sensor. This paper focuses on the real-time processing implications of the algorithm, and its implementation on a parallel high-performance computer. The results shown were obtained using ground-based data collection experiments, using surface contact antennas.
It's an app. It's a hypervisor. It's a hypapp. : Design and Implementation of an eXtensible and Modular Hypervisor Framework (2012)

Abstract : This paper presents our efforts in developing XMHF, an eXtensible and Modular Hypervisor Framework. XMHF takes a developer-centric approach to hypervisor design and implementation, and strives to be a comprehensible and flexible platform for performing hypervisor research and development. XMHF encapsulates common hypervisor core functionality in a framework that allows others to build custom hypervisor-based solutions (called hypapps) while freeing them from a considerable amount of wheel-reinventing that is often associated with such efforts. We are encouraged by the end result - a clean, barebones hypervisor framework with desirable performance characteristics and an architecture amenable to formal analysis.
Genetic analysis of glioblastoma multiforme provides evidence for subgroups within the grade (1998)

We analyzed 72 primary and 25 recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples for DNA sequence copy number abnormalities (CNAs) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The number of aberrations per tumor ranged from 2 to 23 in primary GBM and 5 to 25 in recurrent GBM. There were 26 chromosome regions with CNAs in more than 20% of tumors. 7q22-36 was the most common gain and 10q25-26 was the most common loss; each occurred in more than 70% of tumors. Of 27 amplification sites, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the most common; it was observed in 25% of primary GBMs. Statistical analysis based on pairwise correlation of CNAs indicated that there is more than one class of primary GBM.
Carbon content control of silicon oxycarbide film with methane containing plasma (2020)

Deposition of silicon oxycarbide (SiCOH) thin films by remote plasma atomic layer deposition was performed. In the experiment, the recipe was composed by adjusting the ratio of Ar and CH4 plasmas to control the carbon content in the SiCOH thin film. Octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane was used as a precursor during the deposition process at 200, 300, and 400 °C. Ar plasma was used as an activant and CH4 plasma was used as a reactant. Plasma and deposition temperatures cause a significant impact on the physical and electrical properties of the film. When CH4 plasma was used during the deposition process, the film contained carbon and exhibited a low dielectric constant. In addition, when CH4 plasma is used as a reactant, Si–C bonds in the thin film form pores and lower ionic polarization to lower the dielectric constant. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data indicate that the higher the ratio of CH4 plasma, the more the cage structure in the thin film. The cage structure contributes to lowering the dielectric constant of the thin film. The film deposited with Ar plasma has the dielectric constant of 3.2 and the film deposited with CH4 plasma has the dielectric constant of 2.6. In both plasma conditions, the dielectric constant was lower than the SiO2 film with the dielectric constant of 3.9. On the other hand, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that SiO1–C3 and SiC4 bonds appeared in the film deposited with CH4 plasma, which did not appear in the film deposited with Ar plasma. These bonds affected the physical and electrical properties of the thin film.
Estimation of liver <i>T</i>*<sub>2</sub> in transfusion‐related iron overload in patients with weighted least squares <i>T</i>*<sub>2</sub> IDEAL (2011)

MRI imaging of hepatic iron overload can be achieved by estimating T(2) values using multiple-echo sequences. The purpose of this work is to develop and clinically evaluate a weighted least squares algorithm based on T(2) Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation (IDEAL) technique for volumetric estimation of hepatic T(2) in the setting of iron overload. The weighted least squares T(2) IDEAL technique improves T(2) estimation by automatically decreasing the impact of later, noise-dominated echoes. The technique was evaluated in 37 patients with iron overload. Each patient underwent (i) a standard 2D multiple-echo gradient echo sequence for T(2) assessment with nonlinear exponential fitting, and (ii) a 3D T(2) IDEAL technique, with and without a weighted least squares fit. Regression and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated strong correlation between conventional 2D and T(2) IDEAL estimation. In cases of severe iron overload, T(2) IDEAL without weighted least squares reconstruction resulted in a relative overestimation of T(2) compared with weighted least squares.
Photolysis of ortho-azidophenol in various solvents (2007)

The photolysis of ortho-azidophenol in water, ethanol, acetonitrile, chloroform, and benzene was studied by IR and electronic spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography. It was found that an equilibrium between ortho-azidophenol and its quinonoid form occurred in benzene. In the photolysis of ortho-azidophenol in benzene, intramolecular hydrogen bonding facilitates the degradation of the azido group through the mechanism of formation of intermediate triazene structures. In the other solvents, which exclude intramolecular hydrogen bonding, the nitrene mechanism of photolysis yielding ortho-aminophenol, ortho-iminoquinone, and an azo compound is operative. The rate of formation of photolysis products depends on the nature of the solvent.
Rotating vortex imaging implemented by a quantized spiral phase modulation (2013)

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that a spiral mask with a finite number of discrete phase levels allows a defocusing induced rotation of the point spread function in the vortex imaging. Two experimental configurations based on a spiral phase modulation of light and a spiral filtering of the spatial spectrum are studied in a unified theoretical treatment. The rotating point spread functions are analyzed in detail for imaging realized by the vortex lens and the 4-f system used in the spiral phase contrast microscopy. The theoretical results are verified by experiments using a spatial light modulator. The method is applicable to a precise focusing and optical imaging allowing depth estimation from diffracted rotation. Apart from implementation simplicity, the main advantages of the method are high energy efficiency, a possibility to operate with either complex amplitude or spatial spectrum of light and variability allowing a simple control of number of lobes of the point spread function.
Fitting Parametric Curves to Dense and Noisy Points (1999)

Abstract. Given a large set of irregularly spaced points in the plane, an algorithm for partitioning the points into subsets and fitting a parametric curve to each subset is described. The points could be measurements from a physical phenomenon, and the objective in this process could be to find patterns among the points and describe the phenomenon analytically. The points could be measurements from a geometric model, and the objective could be to reconstruct the model by a combination of parametric curves. The algorithm proposed here can be used in various applications, especially where given points are dense and noisy. x1. Introduction In many science and engineering problems there is a need to fit a curve or curves to an irregularly spaced set of points. Curve fitting has been studied extensively in Approximation Theory and Geometric Modeling, and there are numerous books on the subject [1,5,6,12,23]. Existing techniques typically find a single curve segment that approximates or interpolates the given points. Many techniques assume that the points are ordered and fit a curve to them by minimizing an error criterion [3,7,8,14,16,22,27,29,31,34]. If the points are ordered, piecewise polynomial curves can also be fitted to them [19,30]. Difficulties arise when the points are not ordered. To fit curves to an irregularly spaced set of points, 1) the set should be partitioned into subsets, 2) the points in each subset should be ordered, and 3) a curve should be fitted to points in each subset. This paper will provide solutions to the first two problems; that is, partitioning a point set into subsets and ordering the points in each subset. Once the points in each subset are ordered, existing techniques can be used to find the curves.
협화음정과 협화3화음에 대한 재해석 (2008)

화성학이나 음악이론에서 설명하는 협화음정과 협화3화음에 대한 내용은 거의 대부분이 하나의 근음으로부터 파생되는 배음렬에 의해 설명되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 설명에서 발생하는 오류들을 지적하고, 이에 대한 해결방안을 크게 두 가지 측면에서 찾는다. 하나는 배음렬 적용에 있어서, 음정이나 화음의 각 음에서의 배음렬들의 상호관계를 살피는 것이며, 다른 하나는 배음렬 이외의 학문 즉, 수학, 물리학, 생리학 등의 이론들을 적용하는 것이다. 이를 통해 음정의 주파수 비율이 간단한 정수비를 가질수록 협화적이며, 장3화음과 단3화음이 거의 동등하게 협화적임을 과학적이고 논리적으로 증명할 수 있으며, 근음의 실체가 화음을 파생시키는 뿌리(root)가 아닌, 오히려 음들의 조합에 의해 생기는 조합음임을 증명할 수 있다.
Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation (2012)

The current evidence shows a benefit of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions on long-term outcomes, though results were heterogenous with findings from three of five included studies crossing the line of no effect. The studies included were predominantly of text messaging interventions. More research is required into other forms of mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation, other contexts such as low income countries, and cost-effectiveness.
CLIFFORD G. GRULEE SR. M.D. 1880-1962 (1963)

WITH THE DEATH of Dr. Grulee on October 24, 1962, there came to an end the career of one of America's most noted pediatric personalities. His earlier role as an academician in Chicago's medical schools, his productivity as an author of pediatric writings, his membership on numerous national and local committees concerned with child health and welfare, and his years in the practice of pediatrics are somewhat overshadowed by his later achievements in the founding and development of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Selected as Executive Secretary at the First Annual Meeting of the Academy on June 12 and 13, 1931, he served continuously in this post until his retirement on June 30, 1951.
Considerations in Applying Induction Motors with Solid- State Adjustable Frequency Controllers (1984)

Considerations in applying ac motors with solid-state adjustable -frequency controllers are discussed, and guidelines. are offered where possible. As a background, three commonly used at drive techniques are reviewed. Test data are provided for 100-hp standard and energy-efficient designs operated on each of the three types of drives.
Preconcentration by flow reversal in conductometric sequential injection analysis of ammonium (1996)

Abstract A simple sequential injection method for the determination of ammonium with conductometric detection is described. The sample and alkaline solution are sequentially aspirated into a single tubular channel and mixed by flow reversal. The formed ammonia permeates through a gas permeable membrane and is collected on a static acceptor solution. The change in conductance of the acceptor solution is related to the concentration of ammonium ions in the sample. The use of flow reversal and influence of sample residence time on preconcentration are studied. The detection limit can be lowered from 1.5mg L −1 to 0.1 mg L −1 if preconcentration by successive sample flow reversal is used. The relative standard deviation is lower than 3%.
Phage antibodies from combinatorial library neutralize vaccinia virus (2001)

The library of human scFv antibodies displayed on the surface of bacteriophages was panned against Vaccinia virus (VACV), strain Elstree. 75% binding with Vaccinia virus. 5 clones were characterized for their binding with VACV and their ability to neutralize VACV in plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Antibodies from the clones were obtained as soluble individual molecules and their binding activities were confirmed in ELISA.
Desiccation stress of entomopathogenic nematodes induces the accumulation of a novel heat-stable protein (2000)

The present study describes a novel heat-stable, water-stress-related protein with a molecular mass of 47 kDa (designated Desc47) in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernemafeltiae (IS-6). The protein was accumulated about 10-fold (from 7.84 +/- 1.85 to 74.09 +/- 4.35 % relative content level [RCL]) in dehydrated clumps of infective juveniles (IJs), which had lost 344.% of their initial water content (from 65.1 +/- 1.7% to 427 +/- 0.72%) in a desiccation-tolerance-inducing treatment (97% relative humidity [RH] for 3 days). The appearance of Desc47 was accompanied by trehalose accumulation (from 300 to 600 mg trehalose/g protein) during the process of inducing the IJs into a quiescent anhydrobiotic state. A second cycle of IJ dehydration did not alter the RCL of Desc47 (79.3% for the first cycle and 73.3% for the second cycle). Desc47 retained its high RCL (69.7%) in rehydrated active IJs for 3 days, reaching 51.2% of its initial RCL only after a week. No homology to other known proteins was found by mass-spectrometry electrospray-ion-trap analysis. However, of the 5 sequences obtained from the 11protein(ranging from to 21 amino acids), the 21-amino-acid peptide N V A S D A V E T V G N A A G Q A G (D/T) A V showed excellent homology (74% identity in 19 amino acids) to the cold-responsive protein COR14b (g6564861) from Triticum aestivum. In the Caenorhabditis elegans predicted proteome database search, the N21 yielded the first-best identity score (59 % identity in 17 amino acids) to the CE-LEA homologue protein (g2353333). In plants, COR and LEA are related proteins, heat-stable, which are expressed in response to both dehydration and cold acclimation. The implication of the involvement of Desc47 and the osmoprotectant trehalose in the desiccation-tolerance mechanisms of S. feltiae is discussed.
Chemical segregation in CoNiPt(SiO2) alloy film (1994)

Chemical segregation in SiO2-added CoNiPt alloy films for high-density longitudinal recording media have been studied by high-resolution transmission-electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of 20 Å. Sputtered CoNiPt(SiO2) films consist of well-separated grains with diameters less than 200 Å. Si is clearly detected only in a grain boundary region with the width from 12 to 30 Å. Oxygen concentration in the grain boundary is also much higher than that inside the grain. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that Si atoms in the film are in the form of SiO2. Therefore, it is concluded that SiO2 is segregated to the grain boundary in the CoInPt films. The development of the grain separation due to this chemical segregation explains the excellent magnetic and recording properties of the CoInPt(SiO2) films, such as high coercivity beyond 2400 Oe and low media noise. Inhomogeneity of CoNiPt alloy elements are also discussed.
Anti‐inflammatory and some other pharmacological effects of 3,4‐<i>trans</i>‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐4‐[<i>p</i>‐(β‐pyrrolidinoethoxy)‐phenyl]‐7‐methoxy‐chroman (Centchroman) (1973)

1. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and other pharmacological activities of a new chroman derivative, Centchroman, have been described.2. Centchroman was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory action in the carrageenin-induced oedema test in mice and rats. It inhibited granuloma formation in the cotton pellet test. The anti-arthritic activity was also evident in formaldehyde-induced arthritis and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.3. Centchroman had a lower ulcerogenic index than phenylbutazone.4. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of Centchroman seemed to be independent of endogenous adrenocortical hormones or of its weak oestrogenic activity.5. Centchroman antagonized phenylquinone writhing and bradykinin-induced bronchospasm but was devoid of any antipyretic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Bis(trimethylsilyl)hexatriyne: A Precursor of an Organic Superconductor? (1989)

Abstract (i.e.
Class Actions in Montana under Rule 23(a)(3) (1962)

Class Actions in Montana Under Rule 23(a)(3)
Functional domains of the poliovirus receptor. (1991)

A number of mutant cDNAs of the human poliovirus receptor were constructed to identify essential regions of the molecule as the receptor. All mutant cDNAs carrying the sequence coding for the entire N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain (domain I) confer permissiveness for poliovirus to mouse L cells, but a mutant cDNA lacking the sequence for domain I does not. The transformants permissive for poliovirus were able to bind the virus and were also recognized by monoclonal antibody D171, which competes with poliovirus for the cellular receptor. These results strongly suggest that the poliovirus binding site resides in domain I of the receptor. Mutant cDNAs for the sequence encoding the intracellular peptide were also constructed and expressed in mouse L cells. Susceptibility of these cells to poliovirus revealed that the entire putative cytoplasmic domain is not essential for virus infection. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule appears not to play a role in the penetration of poliovirus.
Allergic and Immunologic Aspects of Meniere's Disease (1996)

Meniere's disease, although idiopathic by definition, has been ascribed to a variety of causes, which more recently include autoimmune factors. Interest in the role of allergy in Meniere's disease has also increased. Studies from this institution and elsewhere provide evidence that allergy and immunologic factors play a role in Meniere's disease in at least some patients. The symptoms of Meniere's disease are thought to be produced by a sudden influx of fluid into the endolymphatic sac, producing a rupture of Reissner's membrane in the cochlea. The endolymphatic sac is capable of trapping antigen and generating its own immune response. It has a highly vascular subepithelial space containing numerous fenestrated blood vessels that are peripheral and "leaky." At least three mechanisms by which allergy may play a role in the production of fluid in the endolymphatic sac are described: the endolymphatic sac itself might be a "target organ" of mediator released from systemic inhalant or food reactions; deposition of circulating immune complex may produce inflammation and interfere with the sac's filtering capability; and a predisposing viral infection in childhood that produces a mild impairment of endolymphatic sac function may interact with allergies in adulthood and cause the endolymphatic sac to decompensate, resulting in endolymphatic hydrops. The endolymphatic sac is the seat of immune reactivity in the inner ear. Repeated inflammatory reactions can produce sac dysfunction and eventual production of Meniere's disease.
Synthesis and characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus protein G related peptides containing two disulfide bridges (2000)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. Approximately 100000 children are hospitalized in the USA each year as a result of RSV infections. During the research and development of subunit human Respiratory Syncytial Virus vaccines (hRSV), we have produced numerous synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins containing the four cysteines of the highly conserved central region of the G attachment protein. For several of these disulfide-containing peptides, all possible oxidized isomers were synthesized using various oxidation conditions and resulting in different ratios of isomers. Each isolated isomer was fully characterized by RP-HPLC, FZCE and ES-MS after purification by preparative RP-HPLC. The different cysteine pairings were unambiguously established after enzymatic digestion, LC-MS analysis and peptide microsequencing. These synthesis and analytical methods were developed for the characterization on one hand, of recombinant fusion protein BBG2Na which is currently being investigated in advanced clinical phases as a very promising vaccine candidate, and on the other hand, for peptides which were synthesized to be evaluated as conjugate vaccines or as immunochemical tools, after covalent coupling to carrier proteins. Furthermore, these studies allowed us to determine which of the different possible isomers was the most stable and probably the preferred form in native conditions. Finally, the different oxidation and analysis conditions, should be useful for disulfide pairing studies of other peptides and proteins having the same 'xCxxCxxxxxCxxxCx' framework, such as G proteins of non-human RSV strains, developed by other groups as veterinary vaccine candidates for example.
Effect of gel texture and sucrose spatial distribution on sweetness perception (2011)

Layered gels differing in mechanical and breakdown properties (soft, medium and hard gels) and in the distribution of sucrose in the matrix (homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions) were used to investigate the effects of texture and spatial distribution of sucrose on sweetness perception. Rating tests, 2-Alternative forced choice tests and time-intensity analysis were performed to compare the sweetness of soft, medium and hard gels with homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of sucrose. Results showed that all gels with an inhomogeneous distribution of sucrose were perceived sweeter than gels in which sucrose was homogeneously distributed. This indicates that the enhancement of sweetness by an inhomogeneous distribution of sucrose does not depend on the texture of the gel matrix. Furthermore, the time-intensity profiling showed that soft gels, which had low values of fracture strain and fracture stress and broke down in a large number of small fragments upon chewing, had the highest sweetness intensity. The time required to reach the maximum sweetness intensity tended to be shorter in soft gels. These findings suggest that the breakdown behavior of the gel matrix during oral processing affects the perception of sweetness of layered gels.