gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Residual Stress and Deformation of Steel (2001)

Distortion, cracking, and residual stresses are among the most important concerns for heat treaters, manufacturing engineers, and design engineers. This work includes practical information and data to help minimize and control the effects of residual stresses and distortion. Topics covered include recommended heat treating practices, methods for maintaining temperature uniformity during heating, tips for preventing oxide formation, and techniques for measuring residual stresses, to name but a few. Designed as both a practical and theoretical reference, this book features contributions from recognized experts from around the world. Much of this data has been unavailable in the United States until now. Contents: Introduction to residual stress formation and distortion; Effects of materials and processing on residual stress formation; Design considerations, and much more.
Type 2X-myosin heavy chain is coded by a muscle fiber type-specific and developmentally regulated gene. (1993)

We have previously reported the identification of a distinct myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform in a major subpopulation of rat skeletal muscle fibers, referred to as 2X fibers (Schiaffino, S., L. Gorza, S. Sartore, L. Saggin, M. Vianello, K. Gundersen, and T. Lømo. 1989. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 10:197-205). However, it was not known whether 2X-MyHC is the product of posttranslational modification of other MyHCs or is coded by a distinct mRNA. We report here the isolation and characterization of cDNAs coding a MyHC isoform that is expressed in type 2X skeletal muscle fibers. 2X-MyHC transcripts differ from other MyHC transcripts in their restriction map and 3' end sequence and are thus derived from a distinct gene. In situ hybridization analyses show that 2X-MyHC transcripts are expressed at high levels in the diaphragm and fast hindlimb muscles and can be coexpressed either with 2B- or 2A-MyHC transcripts in a number of fibers. At the single fiber level the distribution of each MyHC mRNA closely matches that of the corresponding protein, determined by specific antibodies on serial sections. In hindlimb muscles 2X-, 2A-, and 2B-MyHC transcripts are first detected by postnatal day 2-5 and display from the earliest stages a distinct pattern of distribution in different muscles and different fibers. The emergence of type 2 MyHC isoforms thus defines a distinct neonatal phase of fiber type differentiation during muscle development. The functional significance of MyHC isoforms is discussed with particular reference to the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle fibers.
Motor coordination deficits in Alpk1 mutant mice with the inserted piggyBac transposon (2011)

Our results indicate that ALPK1 plays an important role in the regulation of motor coordination. Alpk1PB/PB mice would be a useful model to provide a clue to the better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ALPK1 in the control of fine motor activities.
Recent Applications of Electron Multiplier Tubes (1950)

Recent applications of the electrostatic, electron multiplier tube to problems which require the measurement of very small currents or the counting of single ions or electrons are described in this paper. The characteristics of secondary electron emitting surfaces suitable for use in multiplier tubes are discussed in the first section. The next section is devoted to recently developed tubes having one or more stages of electron multiplication. Following this is a section dealing with the application of these tubes to problems involving electron and ion counting. The paper is concluded by a section on the statistical treatment of the distribution in pulse sizes from multiplier tubes.
Capacity criterion for codebook design in MIMO systems with limited feedback (2008)

Limited feedback for precoding matrices is very practical in the multiple-input multiple-output antenna communication system. In this paper, a capacity criterion is proposed to design the precoding codebook, which emphasizes the negative impacts of the limited feedback and maximizes the capacity directly. Then, the generalized Lloyd algorithm is used to construct the precoding codebook according to the proposed criterion. Lastly, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify the feasibilities and advantages of the new designed codebook.
Towards Deep Neural Network Architectures Robust to Adversarial Examples (2014)

Recent work has shown deep neural networks (DNNs) to be highly susceptible to well-designed, small perturbations at the input layer, or so-called adversarial examples. Taking images as an example, such distortions are often imperceptible, but can result in 100% mis-classification for a state of the art DNN. We study the structure of adversarial examples and explore network topology, pre-processing and training strategies to improve the robustness of DNNs. We perform various experiments to assess the removability of adversarial examples by corrupting with additional noise and pre-processing with denoising autoencoders (DAEs). We find that DAEs can remove substantial amounts of the adversarial noise. How- ever, when stacking the DAE with the original DNN, the resulting network can again be attacked by new adversarial examples with even smaller distortion. As a solution, we propose Deep Contractive Network, a model with a new end-to-end training procedure that includes a smoothness penalty inspired by the contractive autoencoder (CAE). This increases the network robustness to adversarial examples, without a significant performance penalty.
Benchmarking recognition results on camera captured word image data sets (2012)

We have benchmarked the maximum obtainable recognition accuracy on five publicly available standard word image data sets using semi-automated segmentation and a commercial OCR. These images have been cropped from camera captured scene images, born digital images (BDI) and street view images. Using the Matlab based tool developed by us, we have annotated at the pixel level more than 3600 word images from the five data sets. The word images binarized by the tool, as well as by our own midline analysis and propagation of segmentation (MAPS) algorithm are recognized using the trial version of Nuance Omnipage OCR and these two results are compared with the best reported in the literature. The benchmark word recognition rates obtained on ICDAR 2003, Sign evaluation, Street view, Born-digital and ICDAR 2011 data sets are 83.9%, 89.3%, 79.6%, 88.5% and 86.7%, respectively. The results obtained from MAPS binarized word images without the use of any lexicon are 64.5% and 71.7% for ICDAR 2003 and 2011 respectively, and these values are higher than the best reported values in the literature of 61.1% and 41.2%, respectively. MAPS results of 82.8% for BDI 2011 dataset matches the performance of the state of the art method based on power law transform.
Prediction of the Thermodynamic Properties of Key Products and Intermediates from Biomass. II (2012)

The thermodynamic properties of a wide range of chemical compounds relevant to the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenated feedstocks into fuels or chemical feedstocks were predicted using the correlated G3MP2 computational chemistry approach. The energetics of a range of reactions starting from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, aspartic acid, glucaric acid, glutamic acid, itaconic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, 3-hydroxybutyrolactone, furfural, and xylitol/arabinitol were calculated. The calculated G3MP2 gas phase heats of formation are mostly within ±2 kcal/mol of the available experimental values. Heats of formation of the liquid were obtained from calculations of the boiling point combined with the rule of Pictet and Trouton using modified values for ΔSvap. Reaction energies in the aqueous phase at 298 K were estimated from self-consistent reaction field calculations of the solvation energy using the COSMO parametrization. Most of the reactions are exothermic, and the reaction products are stabilized by aqueous solvation. Endothermic processes include dehydrogenation, deamination, and dehydration reactions.
Wien Effect in Simple Strong Electrolytes (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWien Effect in Simple Strong ElectrolytesLars Onsager and Shoon Kyung KimCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 2, 198–215Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/j150548a015Request reuse permissionsArticle Views890Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Validation of the Health-Related Productivity Questionnaire Diary (HRPQ-D) on a Sample of Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis: Results from a Phase 1 Multicenter Clinical Trial (2003)

The objective of this work was to assess the performance of the newly developed Health-Related Productivity Questionniare-Diary (HRPQ-D). Patients completed the HRPQ-D daily for 1-week periods during weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 of a clinical trial for infectious mononucleosis. Productivity data were collected on a daily basis in terms of absenteeism, presenteeism, and combined lost productivity for three work venues (work outside home, housework, and classes/homework). These were then correlated with patient symptom scores. Symptom scores were positively correlated with lost work hours because of absenteeism and combined lost productivity scores. However, negative correlations were observed between symptom scores and the lost work hours due to presenteeism. The HRPQ-D demonstrated good construct validity, making it a useful tool for determining productivity levels across different work venues within clinical trial or survey research applications.
Perceptual quality based packet dropping for generalized video GOP structures (2009)

Our work builds a general visibility model of video packets which is applicable to various types of GOP (group of pictures). The data used for analysis and building the model come from three subjective experiment sets with different encoding and decoding parameters on H.264 and MPEG-2 videos. We consider factors not only within a packet but also across its vicinity to account for possible temporal and spatial masking effects. This model can be useful for an intermediate router in a congested network to drop less visible packets to maintain overall video quality. Experiments are done to compare our perceptual-quality-based packet dropping approach with existing drop-tail and hint-track-inspired cumulative-MSE-based dropping methods. The result shows that our dropping method produces videos of higher perceptual quality for different network conditions and GOP structures.
Magma an agent based virtual market for electronic commerce (1997)

We propose an architecture for an agent-based virtual market that includes all elements required for simulating a real market. These elements include a communication infrastructure, mechanisms for storage and transfer of goods, banking and monetary transactions, and economic mechanisms for direct or brokered producer-consumer transactions. We report findings that resulted from implementing and conducting experiments with a free-market agent architecture (MAGMA). MAGMA is an extensible architecture that provides all services essential to agent-based commercial activities. These services are available through an open-standard messaging API, which allows using a heterogeneous set of agents, independently of the platform and language.
Normal and mutant thermotaxis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (1975)

When grown at a temperature from 16 degrees to 25 degrees and placed on a thermal gradient, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans migrates to its growth temperature and then moves isothermally. Behavioral adaptation to a new temperature takes several hours. Starved animals, in contrast, disperse from the growth temperature. Several mutants selected for chemotaxis defects have thermotaxis defects as well; these behaviors depend on some common gene products. New mutants selected directly for thermotaxis defects have unusual phenotypes which suggest mechanisms for thermotaxis.
REMOVAL OF METHYL ORANGE AND METHYLENE BLUE DYE FROM WATER USING COLLOIDAL GAS APHRON—EFFECT OF PROCESSES PARAMETERS (2001)

Colloidal gas aphron (CGA) was used in a flotation column to remove methyl orange and methylene blue dye from water. The effect of process parameters, i.e., surfactant type and concentration, CGA flow rate, CGA diameter and gas holdup, pH, residence time, and salt concentration, were studied through measurements of percent dye removal. The overall percent removal of methyl orange and methylene blue was 95–98% for the range of experimental parameters studied. When the surfactant and dye had a similar charge, 40% removal of dye from the water was achieved. This result was unexpected because dye removal by CGA was thought to be an ion-flotation process. However, the oppositely charged dye and surfactant resulted in 98% removal of dye. Based on these observations, the mechanism for dye removal from water using CGA was elucidated. The removal of methyl orange was higher in alkaline conditions when CGA was generated from the cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. The removal of methyl orange is higher in alkaline condition when generated from the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The percent removal of methyl orange and methylene blue increased with increased flow rate, decreased CGA diameter, and increased gas holdup. The percent removal of dyes increased with increased residence time of CGA in the flotation column. No effects of surfactant concentration above the cmc or salt concentration on the percent removal of dye were observed within the range of experimental parameters.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR characterization of branched structures in polyesters resulting from the reaction of maleic and phthalic anhydride with 1,2‐propanediol (1984)

Abstract Several model compounds were synthesized in order to study the side reactions taking place during the synthesis of polyesters, especially chain branching due to the addition of hydroxyl groups to maleate or fumarate double bonds. Diesters or polyesters from 1,2‐propanediol with fumaric acid and various dialkyl alkoxysuccinates were used as models. Their synthesis and characterization are described. The interpretation of their 13 C NMR spectra is reported. These spectra are compared with those of the diesters and polyesters of phthalic acid previously described and with the spectrum of a commercial unsaturated polyester. It was possible to identify and to assign the various end groups and the structures resulting from chain branching.
Catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to methanol and other oxygenated products (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic conversion of synthesis gas to methanol and other oxygenated productsAlvin B. Stiles, Frank Chen, Jeffrey B. Harrison, Xiaodong Hu, David A. Storm, and H. X. YangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 5, 811–821Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00053a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00053a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1839Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
*K-means and cluster models for cancer signatures (2017)

We present *K-means clustering algorithm and source code by expanding statistical clustering methods applied in https://ssrn.com/abstract=2802753 to quantitative finance. *K-means is statistically deterministic without specifying initial centers, etc. We apply *K-means to extracting cancer signatures from genome data without using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). *K-means' computational cost is a fraction of NMF's. Using 1389 published samples for 14 cancer types, we find that 3 cancers (liver cancer, lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma) stand out and do not have cluster-like structures. Two clusters have especially high within-cluster correlations with 11 other cancers indicating common underlying structures. Our approach opens a novel avenue for studying such structures. *K-means is universal and can be applied in other fields. We discuss some potential applications in quantitative finance.
Variable-Body-Factor SOI MOSFET With Ultrathin Buried Oxide for Adaptive Threshold Voltage and Leakage Control (2008)

This paper describes a new device concept [a variable-body-factor fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET], where the body factor is modulated by the substrate bias. The buried oxide in the SOI substrate is extremely thin. The operation principle, simulation result, measurement data of dc characteristics, and measurement data of ring oscillators are described, and the low-power/high-speed characteristics of this new device concept is discussed. It is also shown that the device concept is applicable to multiple-gate structures such as a FinFET.
Influence of Application Variables on Antagonism Between Sethoxydim and Bentazon (1984)

The effects of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino) butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one} rate, order, and timing of sequential herbicide applications, and the addition of oil concentrate on sethoxydimbentazon [3-isopropyl-1 H -2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3 H -one 2,2-dioxide] antagonism were studied on broadleaf signalgrass [ Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. ♯ 3 BRAPP], fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. ♯ PANDI), and large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA] in field experiments during 1980 and 1981. Tank-mixing bentazon with sethoxydim reduced control of these species compared to applications of sethoxydim alone. Sequential applications of the herbicides prevented the antagonism. Variations in time between and order of sequential applications had no consistent effect on efficacy. Increases in sethoxydim rate reduced the severity of the antagonism in some cases, while the addition of oil concentrate had no effect.
Semiconductor camera for detection of small tumors. (1975)

Early detection of small tumors (approximately 3 mm) with only a moderate uptake ratio is often difficult because of poor statistics and a small signal-to-background ratio. The detection capability of a germanium semiconductor camera is analyzed to show that a very large number of counts is required even when the spatial resolution is matched to the size of the tumor. A potential enhancement of statistics using the tissue-scattered gamma rays is discussed based on the superior energy resolution of the semiconductor.
Two-photon-pumped lasing from colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (2008)

Upconverted lasing in the nonlinear, two-photon absorption regime has been demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge in colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs). Upon pulse excitation at sub-bandgap photon energies the radiative recombination of excitons in close-packed CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell NQDs was found to be sufficiently fast to compete with the intrinsic nonradiative Auger recombination, as confirmed by the presence of a fast decay (approximately 7 ps) in the time-resolved photoluminescence.
Motivation factors that make knowledge workers share their tacit knowledge in universities: an empirical research (2005)

On the basis of reviewing on the existing literatures about knowledge sharing, this paper states that the tacit knowledge sharing among knowledge workers plays an important role in improving universities' competences. Through a KT model, the characteristics of different types of knowledge workers in universities are analyzed. And basing on an empirical research, motivation factors that make knowledge workers share their tacit knowledge in universities are obtained and it is also found that the importance of these motivators is dissimilar for different types of knowledge workers. Then a motivation model is presented suggesting more concrete and efficient motivation mechanisms for the tacit knowledge sharing in universities.
RETROGRADE URETEROPYELOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF 2 CM. OR GREATER UPPER URINARY TRACT AND MINOR STAGHORN CALCULI (1998)

Large and complex upper urinary tract calculi can be addressed safely and efficiently with retrograde endoscopic techniques.
Synchronized multimedia streaming on the iPhone platform with network coding (2011)

This paper presents the implementation of synchronized multimedia streaming for the Apple iPhone platform. The idea is to stream multimedia content from a single source to multiple receivers with direct or multi-hop connections to the source. First we look into existing solutions for video streaming on the iPhone for point-to-point architectures. After acknowledging their limitations, we propose a solution based on network coding to efficiently and reliably deliver the multimedia content to many devices in a synchronized manner. Then we introduce an application that implements this technique on the iPhone. We also present our testbed which consists of 16 iPod Touch devices to showcase the capabilities of our application.