gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slow-release lanreotide treatment in endocrine gastrointestinal tumors (1998)

Objectives: Lanreotide is a somatostatin analogue whose activity persists for 10–14 days. In this study, we treated a group of patients with gastrointestinal endocrine tumors with lanreotide to assess its therapeutic efficacy and tolerability. Methods: Eighteen patients, 12 male and six female, mean age 58 yr (range, 25–80 yr) were studied. Ten had carcinoid tumors, five had nonfunctioning endocrine tumors, two had glucagonomas, and the remaining one had a gastrinoma. All patients had somatostatin receptors, demonstrated by octreoscan scintigraphy. Lanreotide was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 30 mg every 10 days, for a mean of 12 months (range, 5–18 months). Fifteen of the 18 patients had been previously treated with octreotide. Results: In patients with carcinoid tumors, lanreotide markedly reduced daily bowel movements and flushing episodes. A reduction was also observed in urinary serotonin and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, although it was not statistically significant. A marked reduction in symptoms, and in plasma glucagon and serum gastrin levels, was also observed in patients with glucagonoma and gastrinoma. In the five patients with nonfunctioning endocrine tumors, as in all the other 13 patients, no significant effects were noted in the size of the tumor. The administration of lanreotide did not cause side effects, apart from transient abdominal pain and pain at the injection site in two patients. Only in the patient with gastrinoma was lanreotide suspended, because of the appearance of attacks of marked hypoglycemia. In the 15 patients previously treated with octreotide, no differences in the effects were noted with lanreotide. Conclusions: Lanreotide has a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of gastrointestinal endocrine tumors; its effects are similar to those of octreotide. However, unlike octreotide, it can be administered once every 10–14 days, instead of 2 or 3 times daily and for this reason, it is preferable in clinical practice.
High-power CW tunable solid state dye lasers: from the visible to UV (2012)

We describe a high power CW solid-state dye laser setup. With perylene orange in PMMA as gain medium an output power up to 800 mW at 576 nm and a tuning range between 565 and 595 nm is reached. The laser output shows good long time power stability. The durability can be adjusted by variation of the pump power. A feedback loop controls the laser output. At a setpoint of e.g. 100 mW, the laser output can be provided for more than eight hours with a low noise level (RMS < 10%). The spectral width of the laser emission is less than 3 GHz and can be tuned over more than 30 nm. A circular mode-profile is achieved with M2 < 1.4 [1]. Via intra-cavity second harmonic generation more than 1 mW of 290 nm UV-radiation is achieved. As nonlinear element a 7 mm BBO (Beta-Barium Borate) crystal is used. The UV laser radiation can be tuned over 10 nm. The theoretical limit of UV output is estimated to 3.5 mW. To our knowledge we present the first tunable CW polymer UV laser. While the output stability at the fundamental wavelength is reasonably good, in the UV region a significant enhancement of the noise level is observed. In addition to this the long time stability is reduced to few minutes. The limitation is mainly given by the photo-decomposition of the organic dye molecules.
Determination of the Autocorrelation Function of Woven Fabrics Using Laser Speckle (1980)

When a rough surface is irradiated by a laser light and reflected or transmitted light is observed, a diffraction fringe with speckle is obtained at the observation plane. This diffraction fringe is called the speckle pattern. In the present study the static states of woven fabric surfaces were obtained as the autocorrelation functions from the speckle patterns. The functions indicate the following: 1) By the reflection method the surface configuration of a woven fabric can be determined; by the transmission method the state of plane arrangement of yarn can be determined. 2) Three funda mental weaves (plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave) can be discriminated. 3) The presence and sizes of periodic defects in the woven fabric can be detected.
Chemical modification of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) by the substitution with nucleophiles (2009)

Abstract The reaction of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with iodide, hydroxide, azide, and thiocyanate as nucleophiles (Nu) in ethylene glycol (EG) resulted in the substitution of Cl by Nu additional to the elimination of HCl, leading to the dehydrochlorination of the rigid PVC. High substitution rates were observed for hydroxide, azide and thiocyanate, while the addition of iodide accelerated predominately the elimination of HCl. The substitution by thiocyanate resulted at 150°C in both thiocyanate and isothiocyanate structures, whereas at 190°C, only isothiocyanate was observed in the polymer. The dehydrochlorination yield increased with an increasing molar SCN/Cl ratio, resulting in a maximum substitution at high molar SCN/Cl ratios. When EG was replaced by diethylene glycol (DEG) as solvent, the dehydrochlorination was found to be accelerated. It was assumed that DEG has a higher compatibility with PVC, making it easier to penetrate the rigid PVC particle. For triethylene glycol (TEG), the rapid dehydrochlorination resulted probably in the coverage of the surface of the PVC particle by methyl methacrylate/butadiene/styrene (MBS), preventing the penetration by the solution. The substitution/dehydrochlorination ratio decreased in the order of EG > DEG > TEG because of the declining polarity of the solvent, stabilizing the activated S N 2 complex. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The good into the Pot, the bad into the Crop. Preselection of Record Pairs for Database Fusion (2001)

Our goal is to fuse databases which store information belonging to the same individuals within a population such as people, cars, or companies. In order to fuse records, we have to recognize, which records belong to the same individual. In order to do this, we apply object identification and assume that the identifying information available from the databases can be viewed in a universal relation. With this assumption, object identification can be performed by comparing pairs of records and their classification as same or not same. Given large databases containing information about one population, the preselection becomes mandatory: The number of possible comparisons increases very fast, in fact it is the product of the number of records from both databases. As Grimm’s Cinderella job of picking lentils from the ashes, we have to select pairs of records for database fusion. This article briefly presents the C 3-Framework for object identification (Conversion-Comparison-Classification) and shows how a preselection can be performed to minimize computational time for the comparison. With the preselection approach suggested here, a database fusion designer is able to control the error bounds of misclassification on a labeled learning sample by refining the selection rules.
Correlation between Protective Immunity to α-Synuclein Aggregates, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation (2012)

Objective: Protein aggregation leading to central amyloid deposition is implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). During disease progression, inflammation and oxidative stress may well invoke humoral immunity against pathological aggregates of PD-associated α-synuclein. The aim was to investigate any possible concurrence between autoimmune responses to α-synuclein monomers, oligomers or fibrils with oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: The formation of α-synuclein amyloid species was assessed by thioflavin-T assay and atomic force microscopy was employed to confirm their morphology. Serum autoantibody titers to α-synuclein conformations were determined by ELISA. Enzyme activity and concentrations of oxidative stress/inflammatory indicators were evaluated by enzyme and ELISA protocols. Results: In PD patient sera, a differential increase in autoantibody titers to α-synuclein monomers, toxic oligomers or fibrils was associated with boosted levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, but a decrease in interferon-γ concentration. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde were elevated whilst those of glutathione were reduced along with decrements in the activity of the antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione transferase. Conclusions: It is hypothesized that the generation of α-synuclein amyloid aggregates allied with oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions may invoke humoral immunity protecting against dopaminergic neuronal death. Hence, humoral immunity is a common integrative factor throughout PD progression which is directed towards prevention of further neurodegeneration, so potential treatment strategies should attempt to maintain PD patient immune status.
Layout compensation for EUV flare (2005)

Flare has been noted as a significant concern for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography. Recent results on prototype tools have shown flare on the order of 40% in extreme cases. This is far from the ideal result. Flare compensation for EDA software tools such as Mentor Graphics’ Calibre RET Suite has been developed, and can be used to compensate density dependent fluctuations in conventional DUV lithography. This can be as simple as making corrections using rules for the variations of isolated and dense lines in an environment with prescribed flare, or a more complex correction incorporating flare into model-based OPC. Flare in EUV systems, however, has been shown to be non-uniform, with complex variations. In this presentation, we describe this flare correction technique and explore the correction of typical IC layouts that would be required to compensate for reported EUV flare values.
Focusing of electromagnetic waves through a dielectric interface (1984)

Given a time-harmonic electric-current distribution over a finite planar aperture situated in front of a dielectric half-space, the transmitted field in the dielectric half-space is calculated by the plane-wave-spectrum technique. We concentrate on the current distribution that focuses the electromagnetic energy into a small spot in the dielectric medium, such as in hyperthermia applications. Numerical results are given to illustrate the variation of spot size and of focal-point electric-field intensity as functions of polarization, scanning, and the permittivity of the half-space. We find that (1) the maximum electric-field intensity is not at the focal point but rather at a point closer to the aperture; for a small aperture, this focal shift may be more than one wavelength; (2) when the dielectric half-space is introduced, the 3-dB spot size changes according to the ratio of the wavelength in the half-space to that in the original aperture medium; and (3) the electric-field intensity at the focal point is greatest when the permittivity of the half-space is less than that of the aperture medium, not when the two media are electrically matched.
A Novel Iodide-Catalyzed Reduction of Nitroarenes and Aryl Ketones with H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> or H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>: Its Application to the Synthesis of a Potential Anticancer Agent (2011)

A novel iodide-catalyzed reduction method using hypophosphorous and/or phosphorus acids was developed to reduce both diaryl ketones and nitroarenes chemoselectively in the presence of chloro and bromo substituents in high yield. This efficient and practical method has been successfully applied to a large scale production of a potential anticancer agent.
Mortality due to Influenza in the United States—An Annualized Regression Approach Using Multiple-Cause Mortality Data (2005)

Influenza is an important cause of mortality in temperate countries, but there is substantial controversy as to the total direct and indirect mortality burden imposed by influenza viruses. The authors have extracted multiple-cause death data from public-use data files for the United States from 1979 to 2001. The current research reevaluates attribution of deaths to influenza, by use of an annualized regression approach: comparing measures of excess deaths with measures of influenza virus prevalence by subtype over entire influenza seasons and attributing deaths to influenza by a regression model. This approach is more conservative in its assumptions than is earlier work, which used weekly regression models, or models based on fitting baselines, but it produces results consistent with these other methods, supporting the conclusion that influenza is an important cause of seasonal excess deaths. The regression model attributes an annual average of 41,400 (95% confidence interval: 27,100, 55,700) deaths to influenza over the period 1979-2001. The study also uses regional death data to investigate the effects of cold weather on annualized excess deaths.
Inductance calculations using partial inductances and macromodels (2002)

Partial inductances as opposed to conventional loop inductances allow the decomposition of effects into their constituent parts. This leads to a complete analysis of complicated three dimensional structures. Coupling between parts of the structure is normally ignored in a conventional lumped circuit analysis. Macromodels of electric circuit substructures obtained from partial (inductance) equivalent circuit (PEEC) may be inserted into overall models and thereby contain more detailed effects than ordinary inductance models. We also show that the coupling is greatly reduced for some structures like transmission lines with differential mode currents.
METALLIC COMPLEXES OF TARTARIC AND CITRIC ACIDS. PART II. COPPER-ALKALI, TARTRATE (1950)

From conductometric measurements it has been shown that in dilute solution cupric ion reacts with alkali tartrate just like the free acid resulting in the formation of a complex containing metal and tartrate ion in the proportion of 1: 1<em>. </em>By utilising Job's method of continued variation the instability constant of the complex has been determined. The mean value of <em>K, </em>the instability constant found, is 6.1 \(\times\) 10<sup>-3</sup>.
ChemInform Abstract: SPIRO‐ AND BICYCLIC AZALACTAMS BY HYDROLYSIS OF α‐CHLORINATED BICYCLIC AMIDINES (1984)

Abstract Aus den bicyclischen Amidinen (I), deren Synthese aus (X) beschrieben wird, entstehen mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff die Chlorverbindungen (II).
ULTRA HIGH SENSITIVITY GRAPHENE PIEZORESISTIVE PRESSURE SENSOR (2012)

We demonstrate the first-ever pressure sensor utilizing graphene piezoresistors demonstrating the sensitivity as high as 323 V/V/mmHg. This sensitivity is two orders of magnitudes higher than the commercial Omega PX140x series and 36 times higher than that of the reported carbon nanotube based transducers Our sensor consists of a 400nm Si x N y membrane on silicon substrate with 10nm/140nm thick Cr/Au electrodes on top where the graphene layer is transferred on top of this structure. Our pressure sensor highly nonlinear, but can still be useful for applications where ultra-high sensitivity is needed and table lookup can be used.
A Low-Flow CE/Electrospray Ionization MS Interface for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Large-Volume Sample Stacking, and Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (2003)

A simple and versatile low-flow interface has been developed for interfacing capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. This low-flow interface showed better sensitivity than a conventional sheath liquid interface, primarily attributed to a low dilution factor and a reduction in the sprayer orifice size. The interface was also found to be more tolerant to the presence of nonvolatile salts. Because of tolerance to the surfactant SDS, this interface can be used to couple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with ESI-MS. The performance of the interface in an MEKC-MS application, as demonstrated in the analysis of triazines, was significantly better than that obtained with a conventional sheath liquid interface. Moreover, this interface can be easily used for large-volume sample-stacking (LVSS) applications. Using a series of phenols as a test case, an approximate 500-fold enrichment was achieved by LVSS in conjunction with the low-flow CE/MS interface described.
<b>Two‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of macrophage‐mediated antigen processing</b> (1997)

Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was used noninvasively to monitor a fluorescent antigen during macrophage-mediated endocytosis, intracellular vacuolar encapsulation, and protease-dependent processing. Fluorescein-conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) served as the soluble exogenous antigen. As a relatively nonfluorescent probe in the native state, the antigen was designed to reflect sequential intracellular antigen processing events through time-dependent changes in fluorescence properties. Using two-photon lifetime imaging microscopy, antigen processing events were monitored continuously for several hours. During this time, the initial fluorescein fluorescence lifetime of 0.5 ns increased to approximately 3.0 ns. Control experiments using fluorescein conjugated poly-L-lysine and poly-D-lysine demonstrated that the increase in fluorescence parameters observed with FITC-BSA were due to intracellular proteolysis since addition of the inert D-isomer did not promote an increase in fluorescence lifetime or intensity. Comparisons of intravacuolar and extracellular FITC-dextran concentration suggested active localization of dextran in the vacuoles by the macrophage. In addition, the kinetics of degradation observed using two-photon microscopy were similar to results obtained on the flow cytometer, thus validating the use of flow cytometry for future studies.
Role of the microenvironment on hematopoiesis. II. Regulation of cell kinetics in vitro during granulopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. (1989)

A long-term liquid culture system derived from adult Syrian hamster spleen that supports hematopoiesis from a single inoculum without supplemental coritcosteroids was used. Clonal assays from progenitor cells in the supernatant and adherent phases of liquid cultures revealed an increased concentration of myeloid and megakaryocytic progenitor cells in the adherent layer. Cell kinetic studies with these stable unstimulated cultures indicate that the initially labelling cohort of cells were present in the adherent cell layer. However, incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA occurred in less than 5% of the total cells present in the adherent cell layer. The data indicate that regulation of hematopoiesis by the stromal microenvironment was achieved by maintaining hematopoietic cells in a quiescent G0 or prolonged G1 phase and was associated with the initially labeling cells. The assays demonstrate the phenomenon that megakaryocyte precursors were present almost exclusively on the adherent stromal cell layer, which also contained a storage pool of mature megakaryocytes. The mature cells did not undergo further DNA synthesis and did not show morphologic changes of senescence. Cell kinetic studies revealed that megakaryocytes were released into the supernatant phase from the adherent stromal layer after endomitosis had occurred and cytoplasmic maturation ensued, indicating a role of stromal cells in megakaryocyte differentiation, maintenance, and maturation. The results of these investigations provide additional data on the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis by the microenvironment.
Hemostatic effects of fibrinogen γ‐chain dodecapeptide‐conjugated polymerized albumin particles in vitro and in vivo (2005)

These results were important first steps toward the development of PLT substitutes and indicated that H12-polyAlb may be a suitable candidate for an alternative to human PLT concentrates transfused into thrombocytopenic patients in the future.
Single-quantum-well laser with 11.2 degree transverse beam divergence (1990)

The operation of a single-quantum-well laser, vertically integrated with four passive waveguides to produce a record low beam divergence of 11.2° is reported.
Comparison of serum amyloid A and C‐reactive protein as indicators of lung inflammation in corticosteroid treated and non‐corticosteroid treated cystic fibrosis patients (1992)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were compared in 830 serum samples from 155 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Correlation coefficients were calculated for all samples (r = 0.73), for samples from non-corticosteroid treated (CFNS) patients (n = 698, r = 0.80), and for samples from corticosteroid treated (CFS) patients (n = 132, r = 0.35). SAA was the more sensitive indicator of pulmonary inflammation when SAA and CRP were compared to pulmonary function tests of 49 hospitalized patients at admission and discharge. CRP levels were significantly (p less than .05) lower at admission in CFS patients than in CFNS patients, whereas SAA levels were not significantly different between the two groups. All nine CFS patients hospitalized had elevated SAA levels (average 22 times above normal limits) at admission, while only six had elevated CRP levels (average 3.7 times above normal limits) at admission. In the 40 CFNS patients both SAA and CRP levels were significantly elevated at admission. In each case SAA and CRP levels declined as pulmonary functions improved with effective antimicrobial therapy. In three instances SAA levels increased during hospitalization while CRP levels did not. In each case, rising SAA levels indicated clinical deterioration associated with evolving resistance of P. aeruginosa which required a change in antibiotic therapy.
Synthesis and properties of an electroactive alternating multi‐block copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and oligo‐aniline with high dielectric constant (2010)

Abstract A novel electroactive polymer that has alternating oligo‐aniline and flexible poly(ethylene oxide) segments in the main chain has been synthesized through oxidative coupling polymerization. The chemical structure of the electroactive copolymer was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy measurements. The electrochemical activity of the copolymer was tested in 1.0 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 aqueous solution and it shows two redox peaks. Moreover, the thermal properties of the copolymer were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The copolymer obtained has good solubility in some common organic solvents. The most important properties of the copolymer are its dielectric ones, which were also investigated. It has a very high dielectric constant at room temperature. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A Prism for Laser Resonators which Preserves the State and Plane of Polarization (1967)

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Collaborative filtering via graph signal processing (2017)

This paper develops new designs for recommender systems inspired by recent advances in graph signal processing. Recommender systems aim to predict unknown ratings by exploiting the information revealed in a subset of user-item observed ratings. Leveraging the notions of graph frequency and graph filters, we demonstrate that a common collaborative filtering method - k-nearest neighbors - can be modeled as a specific band-stop graph filter on networks describing similarities between users or items. These new interpretations pave the way to new methods for enhanced rating prediction. For collaborative filtering, we develop more general band stop graph filters. The performance of our algorithms is assessed in the MovieLens-100k dataset, showing that our designs reduce the root mean squared error (up to a 6.20% improvement) compared to one incurred by the benchmark collaborative filtering approach.
Estudio comparativo de la alteracion de la criticidad en pacientes neuroticos y esquizofrenicos (1987)

, .. In this paper we will make an analisis of the disorder of the capacity to be critical in patients with the diagnosis of auxiety neurosis and this will be compared with the expression of this desorder of the thinking disturbances in patients shizophenia, we include three groups of the survey