gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted cancer nanotherapy (2005)

Significant progress has been made in the development of new agents against cancer and new delivery technologies. Proteomics and genomics continue to uncover molecular signatures that are unique to cancer. Yet, the major challenge remains in targeting and selectively killing cancer cells while affecting as few healthy cells as possible. Nanometer-sized particles have novel optical, electronic, and structural properties that are not available from either individual molecules or bulk solids. When linked with tumor-targeting moieties, such as tumor-specific ligands or monoclonal antibodies, these nanoparticles can be used to target cancer-specific receptors, tumor antigens (biomarkers), and tumor vasculatures with high affinity and precision.
Comparison between ECL and ELISA for the detection of salivary cortisol and determination of the relationship between cortisol in saliva and serum measured by ECL (2010)

Salivary cortisol has been increasingly used as a stress biomarker since saliva sampling induces less additional stress than blood sampling. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been commonly used to measure salivary cortisol in stress related research. Recently, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), a routine immunoassay analyser, has been suggested to measure salivary cortisol. Therefore, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare salivary cortisol level measured by ELISA and ECL and (2) to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol and serum cortisol measured by ECL. Both salivary and serum samples were collected from 83 volunteers for cortisol measurement by ECL analysis. The salivary cortisol value was 3% of that of the serum cortisol. For ECL, the positive correlation between salivary and serum cortisol levels was significant (r = 0.84; p < 0.001). The measurement by two different methods did not show any significant difference (p = 0.5497). The correlation of salivary cortisol values measured by both techniques was significant (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). The result suggests that ECL seems to be more practical and cheaper for salivary cortisol measurement.
Electrical Conduction Mechanisms in the Disordered Material System P-type Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (2014)

The electrical and optical properties of boron doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films (a-Si) were investigated to determine the effect of boron and hydrogen incorporation on carrier transport. The a-Si thin films were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at various boron concentrations, hydrogen dilutions, and at differing growth temperatures. The temperature dependent conductivity generally follows the hopping conduction model. Above a critical temperature, the dominant conduction mechanism is Mott variable range hopping conductivity (M-VRH), where p = ¼, and the carrier hopping depends on energy. However, at lower temperatures, the coulomb interaction between charge carriers becomes important and Efros-Shklosvkii variable hopping (ES-VRH) conduction, where p=1/2, must be included to describe the total conductivity. To correlate changes in electrical conductivity to changes in the local crystalline order, the transverse optical (TO) and transverse acoustic (TA) modes of the Raman spectra were studied to relate changes in short- and mid-range order to the effects of growth temperature, boron, and hydrogen incorporation. With an increase of hydrogen and/or growth temperature, both short and mid-range order improve, whereas the addition of boron results in the degradation of short range order. It is seen that there is a direct correlation between the electrical conductivity and changes in the short and mid-range order resulting from the passivation of defects by hydrogen and the creation of trap states by boron. This work was done under the ARO grant W911NF-10-1-0410, William W. Clark Program Manager. The samples were provided by L-3 Communications.
Mobile Robotic Rehabilitation Assistant for walking and orientation training of Stroke Patients: A report on work in progress (2014)

As report on work in progress, this paper describes the objectives and the current state of implementation of the ongoing research project ROREAS (Robotic Rehabilitation Assistant for Stroke Patients), which aims at developing a robotic rehabilitation assistant for walking and orientation exercising in self-training during clinical stroke follow-up care. This requires strongly user-centered, polite and attentive social navigation and interaction behaviors that can motivate the patients to start, continue, and regularly repeat their self-training. Against this background, the paper gives an overview of the constraints and requirements arising from the rehabilitation scenario and the operational environment, a heavily populated multi-level rehabilitation center, and presents the robot platform ROREAS which is currently used for developing the demonstrators (walking coach and orientation coach). Moreover, it gives an overview of the robot's functional system architecture and presents selected advanced navigation and HRI functionalities required for a personal robotic trainer that can successfully operate in such a challenging real-world environment, up to the results of ongoing functionality tests and upcoming user studies.
Data mining in a large database environment (2002)

Data mining, the process of discovering hidden and potentially useful information from very large databases, has been recognized as one of the most promising research topics in the 1990s. The essential problem faced in the mining of association rules is the generation of large items, which are items that are present in at least s% (minimal support) of the total database tuples. As the large items and their counts information usually require much storage space, the minimal cover concept is introduced to achieve reductions in the storage size. Percentage contour, an extension of minimal cover, is further introduced to aid in the handling of large databases.
Personalized recommendation of social software items based on social relations (2009)

We study personalized recommendation of social software items, including bookmarked web-pages, blog entries, and communities. We focus on recommendations that are derived from the user's social network. Social network information is collected and aggregated across different data sources within our organization. At the core of our research is a comparison between recommendations that are based on the user's familiarity network and his/her similarity network. We also examine the effect of adding explanations to each recommended item that show related people and their relationship to the user and to the item. Evaluation, based on an extensive user survey with 290 participants and a field study including 90 users, indicates superiority of the familiarity network as a basis for recommendations. In addition, an important instant effect of explanations is found - interest rate in recommended items increases when explanations are provided.
How fast is your website? (2013)

Website performance data has never been more readily available.
Intestinal Electrolyte Transport and Diarrheal Disease (1989)

(First of Two Parts)EACH year, throughout the world, more than 5 million people, 80 percent of whom are under one year of age, die of acute, infectious diarrhea.1 The gravity of diarrheal illnesses is due largely to the immense secretory capacity of the intestinal tract, a capacity greater than that of any other organ system. All segments of the tract, from the proximal duodenum to the rectum, can secrete water and electrolytes. Adults with cholera sometimes excrete more than 1 liter of fluid per hour for several days when adequately rehydrated.2 The active secretion of water and electrolytes has . . .
Riemannian structure of some new gradient descent learning algorithms (2002)

We consider some generalizations of the classical LMS learning algorithm including the exponentiated gradient (EG) algorithm. We show how one can develop these algorithms in terms of a prior distribution over the weight space. Our framework subsumes the notion of "link-functions". Differential geometric methods are used to develop the algorithms as gradient descent with respect to the natural gradient in the Riemannian structure induced by the prior distribution. This provides a Bayesian Riemannian interpretation of the EG and related algorithms. We relate our work to that of Amari (1985, 1997, 1998) and others who used similar tools in a different manner. Simulation experiments illustrating the behaviour of the new algorithms are presented.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films with Very Large Charge Carrier Mobility Using Pulsed Laser Deposition (2017)

Large area reduced graphene oxide (RGO) thin films have been grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. A very large carrier mobility of 372 cm2 V-1s-1 has been observed in a PLD grown RGO thin film with a large sp2 carbon fraction of 87% along with narrow Raman 2D peak profile. The fraction of sp2 carbon and carbon/oxygen ratios are tuned through PLD growth parameters, and these are estimated from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data. The electrical properties of the RGO thin films are comprehended by the intensity ratios between different optical phonon vibrational modes of Raman Spectra. The photoluminescence spectra also indicate a less intense and broader blue fluorescence spectrum detecting the presence of miniature sized sp2 domains in the near vicinity of π* electronic states which favor the variable range hopping transport phenomena. This study on large area RGO thin films with very large carrier mobility fabricated by PLD process will be very useful for high mobility electronic device applications and could open a roadmap for further extensive research in functionalized 2D materials.
Distribution and neuronal expression of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase IIγ in the mouse brain (2009)

The role of cellular phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P), as a signalling molecule or as a substrate for the production of small, compartmentalized pools of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)], may be dependent on cell type and subcellular localization. PtdIns5P levels are primarily regulated by the PtdIns5P 4-kinases (type II PIP kinases or PIP4Ks), and we have investigated the expression and localization in the brain of the least-studied PIP4K isoform, PIP4Kgamma. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, using antisense oligonucleotide probes and a PIP4Kgamma-specific antibody, revealed that this isoform has a restricted CNS expression profile. The use of antibodies to different cell markers showed that this expression is limited to neurons, particularly the cerebellar Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, large neuronal cell types in the cerebral cortex including pyramidal cells, and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb and is not expressed in cerebellar, hippocampal formation, or olfactory bulb granule cells. In neurons expressing this enzyme, PIP4Kgamma has a vesicular distribution and shows partial colocalization with markers of cellular compartments of the endomembrane trafficking pathway. The PIP4Kgamma isoform expression is established after day 7 of postnatal development. Overall, our data suggest that PIP4Kgamma may have a role in neuron function, specifically in the regulation of vesicular transport, in specific regions of the developed brain.
SRAM-based FPGA's: testing the interconnect/logic interface (2002)

This paper address the problem of testing the configurable modules that interface the global interconnect and the logic cells of SRAM-based FPGAs. The Configurable Interface Modules (CIMs) are assumed to be implemented with FPGA multiplexers but the results can be easily extended to any type of interface module. First, it is demonstrated that an address bit Configurable Interface Multiplexer requires N=2/sup n/ test configurations considering a stuck-at as well as a functional fault model. Second, a logic cell with a set of k input Configurable Interface Modules with n address bits is analysed and it is proven that the set of CIMs can be tested in parallel making the number of required test configurations equal to N=2/sup n/. Third, it is shown that the complete circuit, i.e. a m/spl times/m array of sets of k Configurable Interface Multiplexers with n address bits can be tested with only N=2/sup n/ test configurations using the XOR tree and shift register structures.
RNF43 Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Could be a Potential Prognostic Factor for Human Gastric Carcinoma (2015)

The level of RNF43 was detected in 77 cases of gastric carcinoma and matched normal tissues by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that the expression of RNF43 was significantly down-regulated in the gastric carcinoma tissues compared to the normal mucosae (all P<0.001). In addition, RNF43 was significantly correlated with histological differentiation (P = 0.001), T-stage cancer (P<0.001), depth of invasion (P<0.001), metastasis of regional lymph nodes (P<0.001), pTNM stage (P<0.001) and survival (P = 0.021). We further explored the biological functions of RNF43 in gastric carcinoma cell lines. Both gain- and loss-function assays show that RNF43 could suppress cell proliferation while promotes cell apoptosis. Further, we found that RNF43 was positively correlated with p53 and cleaved-caspase3 and negatively correlated with Ki67 and Lgr5. CONCOLUSION: In conclusion, RNF43 might act as a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma and might be a potential indicator for the clinical assessment of gastric cancer prognosis.
Knowledge exploration using tables on the web (2016)

The increasing popularity of mobile device usage has ushered in many features in modern search engines that help users with various information needs. One of those needs is Knowledge Exploration, where related documents are returned in response to a user query, either directly through right-hand side knowledge panels or indirectly through navigable sections underneath individual search results. Existing knowledge exploration features have relied on a combination of Knowledge Bases and query logs. In this paper, we propose Knowledge Carousels of two modalities, namely sideways and downwards, that facilitate exploration of IS-A and HAS-A relationships, respectively, with regard to an entity-seeking query, based on leveraging the large corpus of tables on the Web. This brings many technical challenges, including associating correct carousels with the search entity, selecting the best carousel from the candidates, and finding titles that best describe the carousel. We describe how we address these challenges and also experimentally demonstrate through user studies that our approach produces better result sets than baseline approaches.
Personalized Search Based on User Search Histories (2005)

User profiles, descriptions of user interests, can be used by search engines to provide personalized search results. Many approaches to creating user profiles collect user information through proxy servers (to capture browsing histories) or desktop bots (to capture activities on a personal computer). Both these techniques require participation of the user to install the proxy server or the bot. In this study, we explore the use of a less-invasive means of gathering user information for personalized search. In particular, we build user profiles based on activity at the search site itself and study the use of these profiles to provide personalized search results. By implementing a wrapper around the Google search engine, we were able to collect information about individual user search activities. In particular, we collected the queries for which at least one search result was examined, and the snippets (titles and summaries) for each examined result. User profiles were created by classifying the collected information (queries or snippets) into concepts in a reference concept hierarchy. These profiles were then used to re-rank the search results and the rank-order of the user-examined results before and after re-ranking were compared. Our study found that user profiles based on queries were as effective as those based on snippets. We also found that our personalized re-ranking resulted in a 34% improvement in the rankorder of the user-selected results.
Enhancement of Sulfur Uptake by Hydration of Spent Limestone for Fluidized-Bed Combustion Application (2001)

The reactivation of spent limestone generated by fluidized-bed desulfurization of simulated flue combustion gases was studied. The regeneration technique consisted of spent sorbent hydration by immersion in water under controlled conditions. The effectiveness of the reactivation process was assessed by re-injection of the hydrated material in a fluidized-bed reactor under simulated desulfurization conditions. At the same time, the influence of hydration on the propensity of limestone to undergo attrition was evaluated by following the changes of particle size distribution and by collection of elutriated fines during sorbent utilization in the fluidized-bed reactor. The total calcium sulfation degree of hydrated samples was nearly twice that of the original spent sorbent. Apparently, reactivation did not bring about any significant enhancement of limestone attrition upon re-injection into the fluidized bed. Mechanistic aspects of sorbent reactivation were investigated with the aid of computer-aided scanning electron microscope−energy-dispersive X-ray analysis mapping of polished cross sections of sulfated, hydrated, and resulfated limestone particles. This analysis highlighted a pronounced redistribution of sulfur in the particles upon hydration that apparently provides the key pathway to enhanced sulfur uptake.
Design Principles and Theory of Paramagnetic Fluorine‐Labelled Lanthanide Complexes as Probes for <sup>19</sup>F Magnetic Resonance: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study (2009)

The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of a series of CF(3)-labelled lanthanide(III) complexes (Ln=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) with amide-substituted ligands based on 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are described. The theoretical contributions of the (19)F magnetic relaxation processes in these systems are critically assessed and selected volumetric plots are presented. These plots allow an accurate estimation of the increase in the rates of longitudinal and transverse relaxation as a function of the distance between the Ln(III) ion and the fluorine nucleus, the applied magnetic field, and the re-rotational correlation time of the complex, for a given Ln(III) ion. Selected complexes exhibit pH-dependent chemical shift behaviour, and a pK(a) of 7.0 was determined in one example based on the holmium complex of an ortho-cyano DO3A-monoamide ligand, which allowed the pH to be assessed by measuring the difference in chemical shift (varying by over 14 ppm) between two (19)F resonances. Relaxation analyses of variable-temperature and variable-field (19)F, (17)O and (1)H NMR spectroscopy experiments are reported, aided by identification of salient low-energy conformers by using density functional theory. The study of fluorine relaxation rates, over a field range of 4.7 to 16.5 T allowed precise computation of the distance between the Ln(III) ion and the CF(3) reporter group by using global fitting methods. The sensitivity benefits of using such paramagnetic fluorinated probes in (19)F NMR spectroscopic studies are quantified in preliminary spectroscopic and imaging experiments with respect to a diamagnetic yttrium(III) analogue.
Antibacterial Efficacy of R-Type Pyocins towards <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in a Murine Peritonitis Model (2008)

R-type pyocins are high-molecular-weight bacteriocins carried within the chromosomes of some bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and almost certainly evolved from lysogenic bacteriophages of the Myoviridae family. They contain no head structures and no DNA and are used as defense systems, usually against other strains of the same bacterial species. They bind with their tail fibers to targeted bacterial surface molecules and then kill by inserting a core or needle that dissipates the bacterial membrane potential. Their mechanism of action, high bactericidal potency (one pyocin particle can kill one bacterium), and focused spectrum suggest that R-type pyocins could be developed as antibacterial agents. In a lethal mouse peritonitis model, submicrogram quantities of pyocin prevent death from 90% lethal dose inocula of a pyocin-sensitive, clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. We show here the dose response curves, treatment windows, or periods of response after infection and the several-log-unit acute reduction of bacterial load in blood and spleen samples, suggesting that R-type pyocins have several characteristics that one would expect from an effective therapeutic.
Improving balanced scheduling with compiler optimizations that increase instruction-level parallelism (1995)

Traditional list schedulers order instructions based on an optimistic estimate of the load latency imposed by the hardware and therefore cannot respond to variations in memory latency caused by cache hits and misses on non-blocking architectures. In contrast, balanced scheduling schedules instructions based on an estimate of the amount of instruction-level parallelism in the program. By scheduling independent instructions behind loads based on what the program can provide, rather than what the implementation stipulates in the best case (i.e., a cache hit), balanced scheduling can hide variations in memory latencies more effectively.
Corrosion Studies in High Temperature Water By a Hydrogen Effusion Method (1957)

A new method for the measurement of static corrosion rates in aqueous systems at elevated temperature and pressure is briefly described. Data obtained by application of the method to ferrous systems are presented. These data include: (1) the corrosion rate of low carbon steel in distilled water at 600 F, (2) the effect of raising the pH in such systems, (3) the effect of thermal shock and of temperature rise on the corrosion rate, and (4) the effect of heat treatment of the metal on the corrosion rate. Comparison is made between the corrosion rates of low carbon steel and stainless steel and some data are included on the effect of the wall thickness of low carbon steel specimens on the rate of hydrogen effusion resulting from corrosion at 600 F. 4.6.2
Role of TRPM2 Channel in Mediating H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> -Induced Ca <sup>2+</sup> Entry and Endothelial Hyperpermeability (2007)

Oxidative stress through the production of oxygen metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increases vascular endothelial permeability. H2O2 stimulates ADP-ribose formation, which in turn opens transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)2 channels. Here, in endothelial cells, we demonstrate transcript and protein expression of TRPM2, a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel. We further show the importance of TRPM2 expression in signaling of increased endothelial permeability by oxidative stress. Exposure of endothelial cell monolayers to sublytic concentrations of H2O2 induced a cationic current measured by patch-clamp recording and Ca2+ entry detected by intracellular fura-2 fluorescence. H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner also decreased trans-monolayer transendothelial electrical resistance for 3 hours (with maximal effect seen at 300 micromol/L H2O2), indicating opening of interendothelial junctions. The cationic current, Ca2+ entry, and transendothelial electrical resistance decrease elicited by H2O2 were inhibited by siRNA depleting TRPM2 or antibody blocking of TRPM2. H2O2 responses were attenuated by overexpression of the dominant-negative splice variant of TRPM2 or inhibition of ADP-ribose formation. Overexpression of the full-length TRPM2 enhanced H2O2-mediated Ca2+ entry, cationic current, and the transendothelial electrical resistance decrease. Thus, TRPM2 mediates H2O2-induced increase in endothelial permeability through the activation of Ca2+ entry via TRPM2. TRPM2 represents a novel therapeutic target directed against oxidant-induced endothelial barrier disruption.