gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of biothiol on UV irradiated alpha-lipoic acid. (2008)

alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are well known as strong antioxidants. LA has the characteristic distorted five membered 1,2-dithiolane ring, which is quite vulnerable to UV irradiation. The UV induced decomposition of LA and the effect of the following addition of biothiols to the photoirradiated solution of LA were investigated by UV-vis spectrometry and (1)H NMR spectral analysis. The mechanism of UV irradiated LA decomposition was proposed based on the results obtained from NMR and GPC measurements.
Differential Effects of Doxycycline, a Broad-Spectrum Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, on Angiotensin II–Induced Atherosclerosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2003)

These data do not imply a role for MMPs in AngII-induced atherosclerosis but provide evidence consistent with a role in AngII-induced AAA formation.
Low-power low-voltage CMOS A/D sigma-delta modulator for bio-potential signals driven by a single-phase scheme (2005)

Since the 1970's, the analog switches in switched-capacitor (SC) circuits are operated by nonoverlapping bi-phase control signals (/spl phi//sub 1/, /spl phi//sub 2/). The nonoverlapping of these two phases is essential for successful SC operation since, a capacitor inside an SC circuit can discharge if two switches, driven by /spl phi//sub 1/ and /spl phi//sub 2/, are turned on simultaneously. Moreover, since 1983, two additional phases are generally used in many SC circuits, which consist of advanced versions of /spl phi//sub 1/ and /spl phi//sub 2/. These two additional phases overcome the problem of signal-dependent charge injection. This paper presents a low-power and low-voltage analog-to-digital (A/D) interface module for biomedical applications. This module provides an A/D conversion based on a mixed clock-boosting/switched-opamp (CB/SO) second-order sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulator, capable of interfacing with several different types electrical signals existing in the human body, only by re-programming the output digital filter. The proposed /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ architecture employs a novel single-phase scheme technique, which improves the dynamic performance and highly reduces the clocking circuitry complexity, substrate noise and area. Simulated results demonstrate that the signal integrity can be preserved by exploring the gap between the high conductance region of pMOS and nMOS switches at low power-supply voltages and the fast clock transitions that exist in advanced CMOS technologies. The mixed CB/SO architecture together with the overall distortion reduction resulting from using the proposed single-phase scheme, result that the dynamic range of the modulator is pushed closer to the theoretical limit of an ideal second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator.
Big Data, Computational Science, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Psychology: Connections (2018)

The paper provides a review of the literature that connects Big Data, Computational Science, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Psychology, and discusses research issues that are related to the various disciplines. Academics could develop theoretical models and subsequent econometric and statistical models to estimate the parameters in the associated models, as well as conduct simulation to examine whether the estimators in their theories on estimation and hypothesis testing have good size and high power. Thereafter, academics and practitioners could apply theory to analyse some interesting issues in the seven disciplines and cognate areas.
Using Constraint Grammar for Chunking (2013)

This paper presents and evaluates a novel and flexible chunking method using Constraint Grammar (CG) rules to introduce chunk edges in corpus annotation.Our method exploits preexisting (non-constituent) morphosyntactic annotation such as part-of-speech or function tags, but can also be made to work on raw text, integrated with other CG modules.The first version of the chunker was developed for German CG-annotated interview data, with a parallel English version derived from the German one, indicating a high degree of language-independence of the rules in the presence of generalized syntactic-functional tags (e.g.subject, object, modifier).Two different approaches are discussed, one for minimal, flat chunking, the other for deep, nested chunking.The system has a reasonable performance and robustness for both, achieving F-scores of 89.1 and 97.4 for nested and minimal chunking, respectively.Xml markup is supported, and with a full set of rules, the tool can be used to convert CG annotation into complete constituent trees in VISL or TIGER format.
Backside secondary ion mass spectrometry study of a Ge/Pd ohmic contact to InP (1992)

High-resolution SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) depth profiles of Ge/Pd ohmic contacts on InP are obtained by sputter-etching from the back (semiconductor) side. The samples contain an InGaAs-etch stop layer, to allow chemical thinning, and InGaAsP marker layers, which allow alignment and calibration of the depth profiles on the nm scale. At 200 °C, a Pd-In-P alloy layer is observed to form at the contact interface. The thickness of this layer is dependent on the amount of metallic Pd available for reaction. Subsequent processing at 325 °C results in the partial dissolution of this alloy layer, as PdGe forms at the contact interface, and regrowth of the liberated InP. Ge is detected in the regrown region but is not observed to diffuse into the substrate. Ge epitaxy is not observed at the contact interface at 325 °C, in contrast to the behavior of the Ge/Pd-GaAs contact. The experimental evidence suggests that regrowth is a key step in the formation of the ohmic contact.
Cost effective method of implementing decentralized unit dose pharmacy services in a Friesen setting. (1984)

A limited decentralized drug distribution system was implemented at the Graduate Hospital, a 310-bed Friesen Concept teaching hospital. This mobile system services 252 medical/surgical beds on three floors of the hospital. Operation was limited to hours of peak demand for pharmacy services and to initial doses. The system was able to reduce turnaround time from 217 minutes to 90 minutes for 80-85% of newly written orders. Further, the systems was found to increase the availability of the pharmacist as a reference source and to clarify unclear or inappropriate orders. This approach required no increase in full-time equivalents and minimal capital expenditure.
Reoxidation of reduced bovine growth hormone from a stable secondary structure (1986)

In order to determine solution conditions appropriate for reoxidizing reduced bovine growth hormone (bGH), we have examined the possibility of using a particular denaturant concentration to poise the secondary and tertiary structure of the reduced protein in a stable, nativelike state. It was envisioned that the structure of the reduced molecule would differ from that of the final oxidized molecule solely by the absence of disulfide bonds. Dilution of concentrated samples of reduced and unfolded protein from 6.0 M guanidine into 4.5 M urea followed by air oxidation indicated it was possible to induce refolding and reoxidation to an oxidized monomeric species in high yield (approximately 90%). The choice of solution conditions was based on comparison of urea equilibrium denaturation data for native oxidized protein to those for completely reduced protein and to protein in which sulfhydryl groups had been either partially or completely reduced and subjected to modification with iodoacetamide or methyl methanethiolsulfonate. The denaturation behavior of these species supports the existence of equilibrium folding intermediates for bovine growth hormone and demonstrates that chemical modification of the protein is capable of inducing differences in the denaturation behavior of these intermediates. The changes in the protein absorption spectrum and helix-related circular dichroism signal, along with direct titration of protein sulfhydryl groups, indicated that the refolding/reoxidation of bGH is a multistate process. The ordered nature of the kinetic changes in these probes during reoxidation indicates that disulfide formation is a sequential process, with little mispairing in 4.5 M urea, and that it proceeds through one or more obligatory kinetic folding events. The equilibrium denaturation behavior of the oxidized molecule and the various chemically modified forms, together with the reoxidation data, indicated that the protein maintains a high degree of secondary structure without intrachain disulfide bonds. The formation of these disulfide bonds is a discrete process which occurs after a framework of protein secondary structure is established.
Comparative Study of NoSQL Document, Column Store Databases and Evaluation of Cassandra (2014)

In the last decade, rapid growth in mobile applications, web technologies, social media generating unstructured data has led to the advent of various nosql data stores. Demands of web scale are in increasing trend everyday and nosql databases are evolving to meet up with stern big data requirements. The purpose of this paper is to explore nosql technologies and present a comparative study of document and column store nosql databases such as cassandra, MongoDB and Hbase in various attributes of relational and distributed database system principles. Detailed study and analysis of architecture and internal working cassandra, Mongo DB and HBase is done theoretically and core concepts are depicted. This paper also presents evaluation of cassandra for an industry specific use case and results are published.
Generation of a Buoyant Plume of Artificial Smoke for Airplane Tests (1990)

Abstract : A buoyant artificial smoke generator was developed for airline test applications. In the device, theatrical smoke is mixed of helium and air. The total gas flow, the helium to air ratio, and the theatrical smoke particulate generation rate can all be varied in the device. A gas mixture of 50 percent each of helium and air has the buoyancy properties of air, alone, heated to 475 degrees Fahrenheit. The device was used in cabin smoke in an aircraft resulted in dramatically different behavior from the previously observed with nonbuoyant theatrical smoke. The buoyant smoke spread further through the aircraft in a manner that was not predicted by an analytical model on cabin smoke spread. Besides being used to assess airplane cabin smoke evacuation capability, the buoyant smoke generator has been used to evaluate smoke detector performance and optimal location in Air Force jet aircraft. (SDW)
Marriage, a Yoke?-A Review on The Story of an Hour (2010)

The Story of an Hour vividly depicts the inner experience of the heroine within an hour and shows us that freedom is so essential to her while her marriage is a yoke to her. This paper analyses the theme that marriage is a yoke to her from the details of the story.
Bone cartilage imaging with x-ray interferometry using a practical x-ray tube (2010)

The purpose of this study was to design an X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer for the imaging of bone cartilage using a practical X-ray tube and to develop that imaging system for clinical use. Wave-optics simulation was performed to design the interferometer with a practical X-ray tube, a source grating, two X-ray gratings, and an X-ray detector. An imaging system was created based on the results of the simulation. The specifications were as follows: the focal spot size was 0.3 mm of an X-ray tube with a tungsten anode (Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan). The tube voltage was set at 40 kVp with an additive aluminum filter, and the mean energy was 31 keV. The pixel size of the X-ray detector, a Condor 486 (Fairchild Imaging, California, USA), was 15 μm. The second grating was a Ronchi-type grating whose pitch was 5.3 μm. Imaging performance of the system was examined with X-ray doses of 0.5, 3 and 9 mGy so that the bone cartilage of a chicken wing was clearly depicted with X-ray doses of 3 and 9 mGy. This was consistent with the simulation's predictions. The results suggest that X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometry would be a promising tool in detecting soft tissues in the human body such as bone cartilage for the X-ray image diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Further optimization of the system will follow to reduce the X-ray dose for clinical use.
Evidence for a Catalytic Role of Tyrosine 383 in the Peptidase Reaction of Leukotriene A<sub>4</sub> Hydrolase (1995)

Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase is a bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of the proinflammatory leukotriene B4 and which also possesses a peptidase activity. From sequence comparisons with aminopeptidases, a tyrosine at position 383 in LTA4 hydrolase has been suggested as a possible catalytic amino acid. To explore the potential role of this amino acid in catalysis, we replaced the tyrosine residue with phenylalanine, histidine or glutamine residues by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutated cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting recombinant proteins, named [Y383F]LTA4 hydrolase, [Y383H]LTA4 hydrolase and [Y383Q]LTA4 hydrolase, were purified to homogeneity to allow assays of both the epoxide hydrolase activity, i.e. the conversion of LTA4 into leukotriene B4, and the peptidase activity. None of the mutated proteins exhibited significant peptidase activities, all of them showing activities less than 0.3% that of the wild-type enzyme. The epoxide hydrolase activity was not affected to the same degree and corresponded to 11, 16 and 17% that of the unmutated enzyme for [Y383F]LTA4 hydrolase, [Y383H]LTA4 hydrolase and [Y383Q]LTA4 hydrolase, respectively. Kinetic analysis was performed with the mutant [Y383Q]LTA4 hydrolase, which revealed an approximately 10-fold increase in Km for leukotriene A4 compared to that for the unmutated enzyme. At high concentrations of substrate, the difference in enzyme velocity was only moderate, with Vmax values of 600 nmol.mg-1.min-1 and 1000 nmol.mg-1.min-1 for [Y383Q]LTA4 hydrolase and the wild-type enzyme, respectively. No such effect of substrate concentration could be observed on the peptidase activity. As a positive control, we exchanged a glycine residue in position 386 for an alanine residue, and the recombinant protein, [G386A]LTA4 hydrolase retained 19% and 77% of the peptidase and epoxide hydrolase activities, respectively. The results from this study are consistent with a role for Tyr383 in the peptidase reaction of LTA4 hydrolase, where it may act as a proton donor in a general base mechanism. However, our data do not allow a similar interpretation for the mechanism involved in the hydrolysis of LTA4 into LTB4.
Diurnal Fluctuations in Methionine-Enkephalin Levels in the Hypothalamus and Preoptic Area of the Male Rat: Effects of Pinealectomy (1982)

Methionine-enkephalin (met-enk) levels were measured at 09.30-10.30, 16.30-17.30 and 23.30-00.30 h in the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area (AHPOA), medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), anterior, intermediate and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland of male rats. Met-enk levels in the AHPOA and MBH fluctuated significantly through a 24-hour period; from low levels at 09.30-10.30 h, met-enk in the AHPOA and MBH rose slowly in the afternoon to reach peak concentrations at 23.30-00.30 h. Pinealectomy appears to depress or shift the normally occurring increments in met-enk levels at 23.30-00.30 h in the AHPOA only. Serum testosterone (T) levels displayed an inverse relationship with the met-enk rhythm; high concentrations during the day were associated with low met-enk levels and as T levels decreased to a nadir at 23.30-00.30 h, the met-enk in the MBH and AHPOA attained peak concentrations. Daily changes in serum T levels were not affected by pinealectomy.
Synthesis of Bimetallic Au@Pt Nanoparticles with Au Core and Nanostructured Pt Shell toward Highly Active Electrocatalysts (2010)

Au@Pt nanocolloids with nanostructured dendritic Pt shells are successfully synthesized by chemically reducing both H2PtCl6 and HAuCl4 species in the presence of a low-concentration surfactant solution. By applying an ultrasonic treatment, the particle size of the Au@Pt nanocolloids is dramatically decreased and their size distribution becomes very narrow. The difference in reduction potentials of the two soluble metal salts (Au(III) and Pt(IV) species) plays a key role in the one-step synthesis of the core−shell structure. Because of the different reduction potentials, the reduction of Au ions preferentially occurs over a short time to form the Au seeds. It is followed by overgrowth of Pt nanodendritic nanowires on the Au seeds, which is confirmed by ultraviolet−visible light absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the Pt shell thicknesses on Au cores can be easily tuned by controlling the Pt/Au molar ratios in the starting precursor solutions. Through the optimization of the Pt shell thicknesses, the Au@Pt nanocolloids can exhibit enhanced activity as an electrocatalyst for a methanol oxidation reaction, which will be important to improve the utilization efficiency of Pt catalysts in the future.
Limitations of the toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of TCDD and related compounds (1997)

Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-ρ-dioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), are industrial compounds or by-products that have been widely identified as environmental contaminants. Hazard and risk assessment of complex HAH mixtures have utilized a toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach, where the toxic equivalents (TEQs) of any mixture are equal to the sum of the concentration of individual (i) congeners times their potencies (TEFi) relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD, TEF = 1.0). TEQ = Σ [PCDDi] · TEFi + Σ [PCDFi] · TEFi + Σ [PCBi] · TEFi The TEQ (or TCDD equivalents) can be readily calculated from analytical data and provides an estimate of the toxicity of any mixture containing HAHs. Several in vivo and in vitro studies with some PCDD/PCDF and PCB mixtures have demonstrated correlations between experimentally determined and calculated TEQs. However, results of several studies have also shown that for specific responses, the TEQ for some HAH mixtures are non-additive. For example, PCB mixtures and individual PCB congeners such as 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl inhibit toxic and biochemical responses induced by TCDD and related compounds. Another problem associated with hazard and risk assessment of background exposure to HAHs is the relative contribution of trace levels of HAHs (exodioxins) compared to relatively high exposure to naturally occurring aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, which act through the same mechanistic pathway. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 17:285–304, 1997/98. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Differential Effects of Short-term Hypoxia and Hypercapnia on <i>N</i> -Methyl- <scp>d</scp> -Aspartate–Induced Cerebral Vasodilatation in Piglets (1996)

Background and Purpose Recent studies in piglets show that either asphyxia or global cerebral ischemia, which combines effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia, transiently attenuates N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)–induced pial arteriolar dilation. The purpose of this study was to determine individually the effects of hypoxic hypoxia and normoxic hypercapnia on NMDA-dependent cerebrovascular reactivity. In addition, we examined mechanisms involved in reduced cerebral vascular dilation to NMDA. Methods In anesthetized piglets, we examined pial arteriolar diameters using a cranial window and intravital microscopy. Arteriolar responses to topically applied NMDA were determined under control conditions and after arterial hypoxia or arterial hypercapnia. In addition, arteriolar responses to NMDA were examined in animals given indomethacin (10 mg/kg IV) or superoxide dismutase (100 U/mL, topical application) before hypoxia. Results Under control conditions, application of NMDA produced a dose-related dilation of pial arterioles (eg, 9±1% to 10 −5 , 15±2% to 5×10 −5 , and 28±5% to 10 −4 mol/L NMDA above baseline, respectively, in the hypoxic group; n=6, P <.05). After transient exposure to 15 minutes of hypoxic hypoxia, arteriolar responses to NMDA were reduced at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes (10 −4 mol/L NMDA dilated by 12±5% and 18±5%, respectively; n=6, P <.05). Five minutes of hypoxic hypoxia also reduced dilatation to NMDA. Indomethacin or superoxide dismutase preserved arteriolar responses to NMDA after 15 minutes of hypoxia. Pial arteriolar responses to NMDA remained unimpaired during and after hypercapnia. Conclusions Short-term severe hypoxic hypoxia and reventilation impair the NMDA-induced dilatation of pial arterioles. Respiratory acidosis alone does not modify pial arteriolar reactivity to NMDA. The reduced responsiveness of the cerebral blood vessels to NMDA caused by hypoxia appears to be due to action of oxygen radicals.
New QoS control mechanism based on extension to sip for access to UMTS core network via different kinds of access networks (2006)

Creating end-to-end QoS in heterogeneous wireless-wired networks beyond 3G networks in which the access to the IP core network can be accomplished via different kinds of access networks with different technologies is essential for supporting real time application. In this paper we have defined new functionalities and interfaces in addition to some extension to the existing SIP signalling to resolve some of the existing problems existing in UMTS that don't let end-to-end QoS control between different technologies and domains.
A statistical study of hydraulic piston coring, ODP Legs 101–149 (1998)

Abstract The operational performance of the Advanced Piston Corer over the first 49 legs of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is compared to the physical properties of the cores recovered. Piston coring performance in different sediment types is summarized. The pullout force measured on extracting the piston corer from the sediment is shown to correlate with the shear strength of the sediment cored. Pullout force thus provides a direct measurement of the in situ shear strength. Hydraulic piston coring could be used to determine the tensional load-bearing capabilities of sediments where Tension Leg Platforms may be tethered.
<title>DSPI: a tool for analyzing thermal strain on ceramic and composite materials</title> (1991)

This paper presents qualitative and quantitative results obtained from measurements on specimens of different composite materials and one ceramic-ceramic joint. Characterizing anisotropic material properties, extensive investigations have been carried out to measure effective thermal coefficients of expansion and to determine thermal shear based on correlation fringe patterns. Carbon-fiber materials reinforced with epoxy and metal matrix have been subjected to thermal cycles. A further DSPI application concerns residual stress analysis on a ceramic pipe that is laserbeam welded.