gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient recognition of machine printed Arabic text using partial segmentation and Hausdorff distance (2014)

There is an urgent need for reliable and efficient systems for off-line automatic reading of machine printed Arabic texts. A partial list of applications that may use such system includes searching and reading in scanned books and manuscript as a part of digital libraries; recognizing text on digitized maps, vehicle license plates, road signs and others. In this research we aim to contribute to the research of recognizing Arabic machine printed texts using a partial segmentation process and Hausdorff distance. The process analyses the layout of the image and segments it to words and Parts of Words (PAWs). The Stroke Width Transform (SWT) is used to calculate the size and the font in order to define a set of multi size sliding windows to search and identify characters within the given shape of a PAW. The process evaluates the similarity of the two sub images (character and sliding window) using Hausdorff distance. The top k - ranked candidates and their places within the PAW are recorded and used to generate a list of full PAWs images. In the next step elements of this list are matched to the given shape in a holistic manner. We have tested our approach using the APTI, the PATS- A01 data sets and a private collection of text images and encouraging results were obtained.
Gospels in a Developing Church (1944)

Journal Article Gospels in a Developing Church Get access WILLIAM SCOTT WILLIAM SCOTT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XII, Issue 1, February 1944, Pages 19–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XII.1.19 Published: 01 February 1944
Detection of aspartylglycosaminuria by gas--liquid chromatography. (1981)

I describe a rapid gas-chromatographic method for specific detection of the lysosomal storage disease aspartylglycosaminuria, based on the identification of the major storage compound, 2-acetamido-1-N-(4'-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (GlcNAc-Asn) in the urine of affected individuals. A 50-microL sample of urine is methylated without prior purification; the methylation products are then analyzed by gas--liquid chromatography. Under these conditions a diagnostic GlcNAc-Asn peak can be seen in the urine of patients with aspartylglycosaminuria, but not in the urine of control subjects or patients with related storage diseases.
Visual Detail Augmented Mapping for Small Aerial Target Detection (2018)

Moving target detection plays a primary and pivotal role in avionics visual analysis, which aims to completely and accurately detect moving objects from complex backgrounds. However, due to the relatively small sizes of targets in aerial video, many deep networks that achieve success in normal size object detection are usually accompanied by a high rate of false alarms and missed detections. To address this problem, we propose a novel visual detail augmented mapping approach for small aerial target detection. Concretely, we first present a multi-cue foreground segmentation algorithm including motion and grayscale information to extract potential regions. Then, based on the visual detail augmented mapping approach, the regions that might contain moving targets are magnified to multi-resolution to obtain detailed target information and rearranged into new foreground space for visual enhancement. Thus, original small targets are mapped to a more efficient foreground augmented map which is favorable for accurate detection. Finally, driven by the success of deep detection network, small moving targets can be well detected from aerial video. Experiments extensively demonstrate that the proposed method achieves success in small aerial target detection without changing the structure of the deep network. In addition, compared with the-state-of-art object detection algorithms, it performs favorably with high efficiency and robustness.
Low molecular weight kininogen binds to platelets to modulate thrombin-induced platelet activation. (1991)

The kininogens, high molecular weight kininogen (HK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LK), are multifunctional, single-gene products that contain bradykinin and identical amino-terminal heavy chains. Studies were performed to determine if LK would bind directly to platelets. 125I-LK specifically bound to gel-filtered platelets in the presence of 50 microM Zn2+. HK effectively competed with 125I-LK for the same binding site (Ki = 27 +/- 9 nM, n = 5). Similarly, the Ki for LK inhibition of 125I-LK binding was 12 +/- 1 nM (n = 3). Albumin, fibrinogen, factor XIII, and kallikrein did not inhibit 125I-LK binding to unstimulated platelets. 125I-LK (66 kDa) was not cleaved upon binding to platelets. The binding of 125I-LK to unstimulated platelets was found to be fully reversible by the addition of a 50 molar excess of unlabeled LK at both 10 and 20 min. LK binding to platelets was saturable with an apparent Kd of 27 +/- 2 nM (mean +/- S.E., n = 9) and 647 +/- 147 binding sites/platelet. Both LK and HK at plasma concentrations inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. LK and HK at about 5% of plasma concentration also inhibited thrombin-induced secretion of both stirred and unstirred platelets. Both kininogens were found to be noncompetitive inhibitors of proteolytically active thrombin binding to platelets. The kininogens did not inhibit D-phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone-treated thrombin from binding to platelets. These studies indicated that both kininogens have a region on their heavy chain which allows them to bind to platelets. Further, kininogen binding by its heavy chain modulates thrombin activation of platelets since it prevents proteolytically active thrombin from binding to its receptor.
Physical and chemical changes of medicinals in mixtures with adsorbents in the solid state. I. Effect of vapor pressure of the medicinals on changes in crystalline properties. (1986)

It was found that some organic crystalline medicinals such as aspirin and phenacetin, when mixed with an adsorbent, gradually become amorphous during storage at room temperature (25°C). Concomitantly, they show different dissolution patterns and decreased chemical stability. The following observations suggest that this phenomenon takes place via the gaseous phase, induced by the vapor pressure of the medicinal themselves. (1) Subliming crystals such as naphthalene become amorphous immediately in mixtures with adsorbents. (2) The rate of change of medicinals to the amorphous state is accelerated under reduced pressure in these systems. (3) The rate of change of the crystals to the amorphous state increases with their vapor pressure. The technique of treating crystalline medicinals at reduced pressure with an adsorbent may be a useful method of obtaining medicinals in the amorphous state without employing either solvents or excessive thermal or mechanical energy.
Common data security network (CDSN) (2005)

We present the idea of using a separate network that processes and enforces security in a data network. We briefly discuss various components of such a network, called common data security network (CDSN). We use the example of the IEEE 802.11i to determine one of the link level metrics of the proposed network, the fractional overhead for IEEE 802.1X and temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP).
Introduction (2010)

The first substantial overview of the British film industry with emphasis on its genres, stars, and socioeconomic context, British National Cinema by Sarah Street is an important title in Routledge's new National Cinemas series. British National Cinema synthesizes years of scholarship on British film while incorporating the author' fresh perspective and research. Street divides the study of British cinema into four sections: the relation between the film industry and government; specific film genres; movie stars; and experimental cinema. In addition, this beautifully illustrated volume includes over thirty stills from every sphere of British cinema. British National Cinema will be of great interest to film students and theorists as well as the general reader interested in the fascinating scope of British film.
South African student nurses' experiences of professional nurses' role-modelling of caring (2020)

The study facilitated an understanding of student nurses' experiences of professional nurses' role-modelling of caring. Recommendations to facilitate professional nurses' role-modelling of caring in a public hospital were formulated: Mentorship training, recognition system for professional nurses, clinical support for student nurses, open channels of communication, random nurse leader rounds, employee wellness program, workshops and positive learning environment promotion.
Overproduction of an amino‐terminal form of PTH distinct from human PTH(1–84) in a case of severe primary hyperparathyroidism: influence of medical treatment and surgery (2005)

The relationship between the overexpression of this N-PTH molecular form and severe primary hyperparathyroidism remains unclear. Further studies will be required in these rare patients to see whether N-PTH is a marker of less well differentiated parathyroid tumours and/or relates to the overproduction of C-PTH fragments in the presence of severe hypercalcaemia.
Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of liquid ammonia (2010)

Hydrogen gas is generated by the electrolysis of liquid ammonia which has high hydrogen capacity of 17.8 mass%. The metal amides are used as supporting electrolytes to dissolve the amide ion in liquid ammonia. The results presented here indicate that liquid ammonia is promising as an energy medium for hydrogen storage and generation.
Three-dimensional structures for high saturation signals and crosstalk suppression in 1.20 &#x03BC;m pixel back-illuminated CMOS image sensor (2013)

We propose two technologies, vertical transfer gate (VTG) and buried shielding metal (BSM), that can be applied to 1.20 μm pixel back-illuminated CMOS image sensor (BI-CIS). With the VTG and BSM, the new pixel design exhibited 60% higher saturation signals and 50% lower crosstalk at wide chief ray angle (CRA). Even though both technologies have a three-dimensional structure formed on Si substrate, our process technology enabled them to be applied without increasing white blemish count or dark current degradation.
Ultra-short electron bunch generation with a rectilinear compressor (2002)

We describe a new method for reducing the electron bunch length of high brightness beams in linacs, as those required to drive X-ray SASE FEL's, which is of interest also for advanced accelerator applications like plasma accelerators, where low charge femtosecond bunches are requested. The method is based on a rectilinear compressor scheme utilizing the bunching properties of RF slow waves. It is shown that whenever a beam, slower than the synchronous velocity, is injected into a RF wave at zero acceleration phase and slips back in phase up to the peak acceleration phase, it can be longitudinally compressed even when already relativistic (tens of MeV). This occurs if the beam is extracted from the wave at the synchronous velocity: in this case the bunch undergoes a quarter of synchrotron oscillation that induces a phase compression up to a factor of 20 when proper care is taken to preserve the longitudinal emittance. Compression is actually not limited by space charge effects but by RF non-linearities in the longitudinal phase space, that produce a longitudinal emittance growth. A few examples are presented to demonstrate the potentialities of this method, by which multi-kA beams with very low transverse emittance can be generated at moderate energies (about 100 MeV).
GRCD1, an AGL2-Like MADS Box Gene, Participates in the C Function during Stamen Development in Gerbera hybrida (2000)

Mika Kotilainen, Paula Elomaa, Anne Uimari, Victor A. Albert, Deyue Yu, Teemu H. Teeri, GRCD1, an AGL2-Like MADS Box Gene, Participates in the C Function during Stamen Development in Gerbera hybrida, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 10 (Oct., 2000), pp. 1893-1902
Identification of a natural soluble neuropilin-1 that binds vascular endothelial growth factor:<i>In vivo</i>expression and antitumor activity (2000)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a 130-kDa transmembrane receptor for semaphorins, mediators of neuronal guidance, and for vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF(165)), an angiogenesis factor. A 2.2-kb truncated NRP1 cDNA was cloned that encodes a 644-aa soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) isoform containing just the a/CUB and b/coagulation factor homology extracellular domains of NRP1. sNRP1 is secreted by cells as a 90-kDa protein that binds VEGF(165), but not VEGF(121). It inhibits (125)I-VEGF(165) binding to endothelial and tumor cells and VEGF(165)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in endothelial cells. The 3' end of sNRP1 cDNA contains a unique, 28-bp intron-derived sequence that is absent in full-length NRP1 cDNA. Using a probe corresponding to this unique sequence, sNRP1 mRNA could be detected by in situ hybridization differentially from full-length NRP1 mRNA, for example, in cells of liver, kidney, skin, and breast. Analysis of blood vessels in situ showed that NRP1, but not sNRP1, was expressed. sNRP1 was functional in vivo. Unlike control tumors, tumors of rat prostate carcinoma cells expressing recombinant sNRP1 were characterized by extensive hemorrhage, damaged vessels, and apoptotic tumor cells. These results demonstrate the existence of a naturally occurring, soluble NRP1 that is expressed differently from intact NRP1 and that appears to be a VEGF(165) antagonist.
Laser mass spectrometry of diquaternary ammonium salts (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser mass spectrometry of diquaternary ammonium saltsTuan A. Dang, Robert J. Day, and David M. HerculesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 6, 866–871Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00270a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00270a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure and electronic properties of rare earth DOBDC metal–organic-frameworks (2019)

Here, we apply density functional theory (DFT) to investigate rare-earth metal organic frameworks (RE-MOFs), RE12(μ3-OH)16(C8O6H4)8(C8O6H5)4 (RE = Y, Eu, Tb, Yb), and characterize the level of theory needed to accurately predict structural and electronic properties in MOF materials with 4f-electrons. A two-step calculation approach of geometry optimization with spin-restricted DFT and large core potential (LCPs), and detailed electronic structures with spin-unrestricted DFT with a full valence potential + Hubbard U correction is investigated. Spin-restricted DFT with LCPs resulted in good agreement between experimental lattice parameters and optimized geometries, while a full valence potential is necessary for accurate representation of the electronic structure. The electronic structure of Eu-DOBDC MOF indicated a strong dependence on the treatment of highly localized 4f-electrons and spin polarization, as well as variation within a range of Hubbard corrections (U = 1-9 eV). For Hubbard corrected spin-unrestricted calculations, a U value of 1-4 eV maintains the non-metallic character of the band gap with slight deviations in f-orbital energetics. When compared with experimentally reported results, the importance of the full valence calculation and the Hubbard correction in correctly predicting the electronic structure is highlighted.
Enhancing immunogenicity by limiting susceptibility to lysosomal proteolysis (2006)

T cells recognize protein antigens as short peptides processed and displayed by antigen-presenting cells. However, the mechanism of peptide selection is incompletely understood, and, consequently, the differences in the immunogenicity of protein antigens remain largely unpredictable and difficult to manipulate. In this paper we show that the susceptibility of protein antigens to lysosomal proteolysis plays an important role in determining immunogenicity in vivo. We compared the immunogenicity of proteins with the same sequence (same T cell epitopes) and structure (same B cell epitopes) but with different susceptibilities to lysosomal proteolysis. After immunizing mice with each of the proteins adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, we measured serum IgG responses as a physiological measure of the antigen's ability to be presented on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and to prime CD4+ T cells in vivo. For two unrelated model antigens (RNase and horseradish peroxidase), we found that only the less digestible forms were immunogenic, inducing far more efficient T cell priming and antibody responses. These findings suggest that stability to lysosomal proteolysis may be an important factor in determining immunogenicity, with potential implications for vaccine design.
A millimeter-wave CPW-fed twin slot/infrared dipole antenna coupled Ni-NiO-Ni diode (2004)

Millimeter-wave (mmW) imaging systems offer a good complement to infrared (IR) imaging systems. High resolution IR systems suffer high attenuation in cloudy and foggy atmospheres, while mmW systems penetrate through clouds and fog offering an excellent all-weather imaging system. In our application, we aim at integrating both mmW and IR detection capabilities in one sensor and thus combining the advantages of high resolution and all-weather detection capabilities. Antenna-coupled metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diodes have been used in the past for detection and mixing in the IR and mmW portions of the spectrum. A MOM diode with low enough junction capacitance, corresponding to a small enough junction area, to rectify IR radiation will also rectify mmW radiation, thus is a good candidate for this application. CPW-fed twin slots were successfully coupled to Schottky diodes and SIS mixers for detection in the mmW region. Dipole antennas were also successfully coupled to MOM diodes for detection at 10.6 /spl mu/m. In this paper we integrate both types of antenna and report on a Ni-NiO-Ni diode coupled to a dipole antenna for 28 THz response and a CPW-fed twin slot antenna for 94 GHz response.
The Polymerization of jS-Propiolactone with Various Kinds of Catalysts (1964)

周期律表第1族金属のリン酸塩,炭酸塩,青酸塩や有機酸塩等の弱酸の塩類,主として第4族遷移金属リン酸塩ならびに有機含窒素化合物を触媒としてβ-プロピオラクトンの高重合反応について研究を行なった。これらの触媒はいずれも従来得られていない程度の高重合体を与えた。35℃ のクロロホルム溶液の極限粘度とラスト法による分子量との関係式を求めた。実験結果を整理すると,著者らがすでに定義した逐次重合反応であること,および触媒有効係数は遷移金属リン酸塩,アルカリ塩類および有機含窒素化合物に対しそれぞれ0.04～0.10,0.5～1.0,3～7であることがわかった。生成ポリマーの性質は赤外吸収スペクトル,X線回折,示差熱解析法で調べた。ポリマーの赤外吸収スペクトルは重合条件およびポリマーの処理条件によって異なる二つの型がある。その一つは1375～1405cm-1および995～1220cm-1に特徴的な3重吸収のあるもの(I型)であり,他は1422cm-1および1340cm-1に特徴的な単純吸収のあるもの(II型)である。また,このものの融点は70～80℃ であり,2θ=21.0° の結晶性ポリマーであることがわかった。
Computer-aided construction of nucleic acid restriction maps using defined vectors (1985)

A new algorithm is described that will rapidly produce restriction maps of cloned DNA fragments. Information concerning the vector is stored as a data file and used in constructing probable maps. As the program is based upon a permutation analysis it has two primary uses. First, preliminary restriction maps can be created from fragment length data as a starting point for further analysis. Second, existing maps can be confirmed as being highly probable, and other probable maps examined to ensure certain combinations have not been overlooked. Although primarily designed for linear vectors, the program can be used to calculate circular maps.
Role of NK1.1+ cells in experimental listeriosis. NK1+ cells are early IFN-gamma producers but impair resistance to <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection. (1994)

An enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used for detection of splenic IFN-gamma and IL-4 spot-forming cells from, C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice, which differ in resistance to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. Numbers of spontaneous and Ag (heat-killed listeriae)-induced IFN-gamma SFC were 5- to 10-fold higher in C57Bl/6 as compared to BALB/c mice at day 1, day 7, and day 14 postinfection. In both strains of mice, Ag-induced IFN-gamma production reached maximum levels at day 7 postinfection and IL-4 production was slightly increased at day 1, decreasing thereafter. The early IFN-gamma production (day 1) in C57Bl/6 mice was abrogated by in vitro and in vivo depletion of NK1+ cells with PK136 mAbs, indicating that NK1+ cells are major IFN-gamma producers at day 1 after infection. In vivo depletion of NK1+ cells markedly increased numbers of IL-4 spot-forming cells in spleens of C57Bl/6 mice, suggesting a modulatory effect of NK1+ cells and IFN-gamma on IL-4 production. At day 5 postinfection, bacterial numbers in spleens were higher in C57Bl/6 than in BALB/c mice. Treatment with the anti-NK1.1 mAb and in vivo neutralization of IL-4 with the 11B11 mAb enhanced listerial clearing in C57Bl/6 mice. These findings suggest 1) BALB/c mice are more resistant than C57Bl/6 mice to L. monocytogenes EGD infection, 2) NK1+ cells and IL-4 play a detrimental role in L. monocytogenes infection, and 3) antilisterial resistance and levels of IFN-gamma are dissociable.
Predictors of outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery (2000)

In this series of pediatric patients, complete resection of the lesion and the electrographically abnormal region was the main determinant of outcome after focal resections. Except for multilobar resections, other factors examined in this study did not significantly influence postoperative seizure prognosis and should not influence candidate selection for the surgical process.
Multiple Trapping Sites for Hydrogen Atoms in Rare Gas Matrices (1960)

Hydrogen atoms have been stabilized in nonequivalent lattice sites in matrices of the rare gases at liquid helium temperature. Electron spin resonance spectra of H atoms in argon, krypton, and xenon show that at least two trapping sites are involved in each case. In a neon matrix, H atoms have been stabilized in only one site. Attainability of the various trapping sites apparently depends on the initial energy of the H atom, a simple doublet spectrum being obtained when the atoms are deposited from the gas phase, while multiple trapping spectra are obtained when the atoms are produced by photolysis in the solid. The hyperfine coupling contants and the electronic g factors for H atoms trapped in the various matrix sites have been determined. The deviation of the hyperfine coupling constant from the free-state value is positive in some cases and negative in others. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. A complex multicomponent H atom spectrum was obtained by photolysis of HI in xenon. The subsplitting in the spectrum is attributed to magnetic hyperfine interactions with matrix nuclei (Xe129 and Xe131). The nature of the trapping sites in rare gas matrices is discussed. Evidence for trapping in substitutional sites and octahedral sites is presented.