gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
InlB, a surface protein of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>that behaves as an invasin and a growth factor (2002)

Molecules from some pathogenic bacteria mimic natural host cell ligands and trigger engulfment of the bacterium after specifically interacting with cell-surface receptors. The leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein InlB of Listeria monocytogenes is one such molecule. It triggers bacterial entry by interacting with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF-R or Met) and two other cellular components: gC1q-R and proteoglycans. Recent studies point to significant similarities between the molecular mechanisms underlying InlB-mediated entry into cells and classic phagocytosis. In addition, InlB, in common with HGF, activates signaling cascades that are not involved in bacterial entry. Therefore, studies of InlB may help us to analyze the previously noticed similarities between growth factor receptor activation and phagocytosis.
A novel AKT inhibitor, AZD5363, inhibits phosphorylation of AKT downstream molecules, and activates phosphorylation of mTOR and SMG-1 dependent on the liver cancer cell type (2016)

Due to frequent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway dysregulation, AKT is typically accepted as a promising anticancer therapeutic target. mTOR, in particular, represents a suitable therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma, whilst suppressor with morphogenetic effect on genitalia family member-1 (SMG-1) is believed to serve a potential tumor suppressor role in human cancer. Despite SMG-1 and mTOR belonging to the same PI3K-related kinase family, the interactions between them are not yet fully understood. In the present study, a novel pyrrolopyrimidine-derived compound, AZD5363, was observed to suppress proliferation in liver cancer Hep-G2 and Huh-7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of downstream molecules in the AKT signal pathway, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AZD5363 activated the phosphorylation of mTOR, dependent on the liver cancer cell type, as it may have differing effects in various liver cancer cell lines. Additionally, AZD5363 also activated SMG-1 within the same liver cancer cells types, which subsequently activated the phosphorylation of mTOR. In conclusion, the present study indicates that AZD5363 inhibited phosphorylation of AKT downstream molecules, and activated phosphorylation of mTOR and SMG-1, dependent on the liver cancer type.
The safety of human pluripotent stem cells in clinical treatment (2015)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have practically unlimited proliferation potential and a capability to differentiate into any cell type in the human body. Since the first derivation in 1998, they have been an attractive source of cells for regenerative medicine. Numerous ethical, technological, and regulatory complications have been hampering hPSC use in clinical applications. Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), parthenogenetic human ESCs, human nuclear transfer ESCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells are four types of hPSCs that are different in many clinically relevant features such as propensity to epigenetic abnormalities, generation methods, and ability for development of autologous cell lines. Propensity to genetic mutations and tumorigenicity are common features of all pluripotent cells that complicate hPSC-based therapies. Several recent advances in methods of derivation, culturing, and monitoring of hPSCs have addressed many ethical concerns and technological challenges in development of clinical-grade hPSC lines. Generation of banks of such lines may be useful to minimize immune rejection of hPSC-derived allografts. In this review, we discuss different sources of hPSCs available at the moment, various safety risks associated with them, and possible solutions for successful use of hPSCs in the clinic. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials of hPSC-based treatments.
Bovine viral diarrhea viral infections in feeder calves with respiratory disease: interactions with Pasteurella spp., parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. (2000)

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections was determined in a group of stocker calves suffering from acute respiratory disease. The calves were assembled after purchase from Tennessee auctions and transported to western Texas. Of the 120 calves, 105 (87.5%) were treated for respiratory disease. Sixteen calves died during the study (13.3%). The calves received a modified live virus BHV-1 vaccine on day 0 of the study. During the study, approximately 5 wk in duration, sera from the cattle, collected at weekly intervals, were tested for BVDV by cell culture. Sera were also tested for neutralizing antibodies to BVDV types 1 and 2, bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). The lungs from the 16 calves that died during the study were collected and examined by histopathology, and lung homogenates were inoculated onto cell cultures for virus isolation. There were no calves persistently infected with BVDV detected in the study, as no animals were viremic on day 0, nor were any animals viremic at the 2 subsequent serum collections. There were, however, 4 animals with BVDV type 1 noncytopathic (NCP) strains in the sera from subsequent collections. Viruses were isolated from 9 lungs: 7 with PI-3V, 1 with NCP BVDV type 1, and 1 with both BVHV-1 and BVDV. The predominant bacterial species isolated from these lungs was Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. There was serologic evidence of infection with BVDV types 1 and 2, PI-3V, and BRSV, as noted by seroconversion (> or = 4-fold rise in antibody titer) in day 0 to day 34 samples collected from the 104 survivors: 40/104 (38.5%) to BVDV type 1; 29/104 (27.9%) to BVDV type 2; 71/104 (68.3%) to PI-3V; and 81/104 (77.9%) to BRSV. In several cases, the BVDV type 2 antibody titers may have been due to crossreacting BVDV type 1 antibodies; however, in 7 calves the BVDV type 2 antibodies were higher, indicating BVDV type 2 infection. At the outset of the study, the 120 calves were at risk (susceptible to viral infections) on day 0 because they were seronegative to the viruses: 98/120 (81.7%), < 1:4 to BVDV type 1; 104/120 (86.7%) < 1:4 to BVDV type 2; 86/120 (71.7%) < 1:4 to PI-3V; 87/120 (72.5%) < 1:4 to BRSV; and 111/120 (92.5%) < 1:10 to BHV-1. The results of this study indicate that BVDV types 1 and 2 are involved in acute respiratory disease of calves with pneumonic pasteurellosis. The BVDV may be detected by virus isolation from sera and/or lung tissues and by serology. The BVDV infections occurred in conjunction with infections by other viruses associated with respiratory disease, namely, PI-3V and BRSV. These other viruses may occur singly or in combination with each other. Also, the study indicates that purchased calves may be highly susceptible, after weaning, to infections by BHV-1, BVDV types 1 and 2, PI-3V, and BRSV early in the marketing channel.
Ethylene glycol-assisted nanocrystallization of LiFePO4 for a rechargeable lithium-ion battery cathode (2012)

Hydro- and/or solvo-thermal nanocrystallization of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has been well recognized as an effective pathway to improve its electrochemical performances. Herein, it is reported that high-performance LiFePO4 single-crystalline nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by the additive-free solvothermal reaction and subsequent glucose-assisted calcination. In comparison with the similar hydrothermal reaction, the presence of ethylene glycol can unexpectedly induce the formation of gel-like intermediates at the time interval of 0.5 h, resulting in LiFePO4 nanoparticles with a three-dimensional (3D) lattice structure and an amorphous nanocoating for a reaction time of 2 h. Interestingly, the lattice structure of growing LiFePO4 crystals can be thoroughly damaged under the irradiation of an electron beam. Furthermore, after the continuous crystal growth and subsequent heat-treatment, nanocrystalline LiFePO4 can achieve a discharge capacity of ∼165 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C in assembled LiFePO4/Li half-cells, proving a successful nanocrystal-forming engineering of LiFePO4 for a lithium-ion battery cathode.
Selective Synthesis of 5,6-Disubstituted 3-Methyl-2(2H)-pyranones and 6-Substituted 3-Methyl-2(2H)-pyranones, Including Fusalanipyrone and Gibepyrone A (2002)

The 6-substituted 3-bromo-5-iodo-2(2H)-pyranones 11, prepared by iodolactonization of the corresponding 5-substituted (E)-2-bromo-2-en-4-ynoic acids 10, were used as precursors to 5,6-disubstituted 3-methyl-2(2H)-pyranones 8 and 6-substituted 3-methyl-2(2H)-pyranones 7. The synthesis of compounds 8 involved two consecutive Stille-type reactions, whereas the approach followed to prepare compounds 7 consisted of the selective reduction of the dihalogen derivatives 11 to the corresponding 6-substituted 3-bromo-2(2H)-pyranones 12, followed by a Pd/Cu-catalysed reaction with tetramethyltin. However, this synthetic approach to compounds 7 proved to be unsuitable for preparing stereoisomerically pure fusalanipyrone (7a), a natural product isolated from Fusarium solani. Nevertheless, 7a and gibepyrone A (7b), which is a natural product isolated from Gibberella fujikuroi, could be synthesized in stereoisomerically pure form by reaction sequences involving iodolactonization of easily available (2Z,6Z)- and (2Z,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-4-ynoic acids (16a) and (16b), respectively, followed by Pd-catalysed triethylammonium formate reduction of the thus obtained 6-substituted 5-iodo-3-methyl-2(2H)-pyranones 17a and 17b, respectively. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Polymere als substrate für optische plattenspeicher (1986)

Abstract At the moment PMMA and PC are generally used as substrates for ROM optical discs. In several cases inorganic glass is preferred for DRAW and E‐DRAW information carriers especially because of its high‐barrier characteristics. The benefit of PMMA having low sensitivity to orientation birefringence is opposed by the disadvantage of high water absorption causing warp. It is just the inverse situation with PC. So a polymer material would be desirable which exhibits low optical anisotropy and simultaneously reduced water absorption. The anisotropy problem could possibly be solved regarding additivity of bond polarizabilities within the monomer units, i. e. compensating positive and negative anisotropies by copolymerisation or blending. Reduced water absorption means avoiding polar groups. Polymers are scarcely real barriers against O 2 and H 2 O vapor compared to metals and inorganic glass. PAN and PVDC could be relatively effective as thin layers.
A pilot study of long-term monitoring of human movements in the home using accelerometry (2004)

We assessed the feasibility of using a waist-mounted, wireless triaxial accelerometer (TA) to monitor human movements in an unsupervised home setting to detect changes in functional status. A pilot study was carried out with six healthy subjects aged 80-86 years. The subjects wore a TA unit every day for two to three months. Each morning they carried out a short routine of directed movements that included standing, sitting, lying and walking. Important movement variables were measured. During the rest of the day, subjects were monitored for falls, and variables such as metabolic energy expenditure were measured. All subjects remained healthy; there was no overall change in functional status and there were only slight fluctuations in health status. No longitudinal changes were detected in any of the variables measured during the directed routine. There was a moderate correlation between weekly self-reported health status and energy expenditure: subjects reported a lower health status for weeks in which they expended less energy. The TA system was found to be practical for long-term, unsupervised home monitoring. All subjects found the system simple to use and the TA unit unobtrusive and comfortable to wear. High compliance rates were achieved: the TA units were worn on 88% of the days in the study, for an average of 11.2 hours per day.
New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase: Structural Insights into β-Lactam Recognition and Inhibition (2012)

The β-lactam antibiotics have long been a cornerstone for the treatment of bacterial disease. Recently, a readily transferable antibiotic resistance factor called the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) has been found to confer enteric bacteria resistance to nearly all β-lactams, including the heralded carbapenems, posing a serious threat to human health. The crystal structure of NDM-1 bound to meropenem shows for the first time the molecular details of how carbapenem antibiotics are recognized by dizinc-containing metallo-β-lactamases. Additionally, product complex structures of hydrolyzed benzylpenicillin-, methicillin-, and oxacillin-bound NDM-1 have been solved to 1.8, 1.2, and 1.2 Å, respectively, and represent the highest-resolution structural data for any metallo-β-lactamase reported to date. Finally, we present the crystal structure of NDM-1 bound to the potent competitive inhibitor l-captopril, which reveals a unique binding mechanism. An analysis of the NDM-1 active site in these structures reveals key features important for the informed design of novel inhibitors of NDM-1 and other metallo-β-lactamases.
STRUCTURAL AND OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SYNTHESIZED CuInSe2 NANOPARTICLES (2009)

CuInSe2 nanoparticles have been prepared by reacting cuprous chloride, indium chloride with alcohol and selenium powder. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, XRD, ICP-OES and SEM. The formation of CuInSe2 nanoparticles with different precursor ratios was investigated by in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the growth of CIS followed a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism.
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase expression in Ewing's sarcoma cells:up-regulation by interferons (2002)

The genetic hallmark of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours (ET) is the presence of the translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), which creates the ET fusion gene, leading to cellular transformation. Five human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) genes are located near the chromosomal translocation in ET. gamma-GT is a major enzyme involved in glutathione homoeostasis. Five human cell lines representative of primary or metastatic tumours were investigated to study whether gamma-GT alterations could occur at the chromosomal breaks and rearrangements in ET. As shown by enzymic assays and FACS analyses, all ET cell lines consistently expressed a functional gamma-GT which however did not discriminate steps of ET progression. As shown previously [Sancéau, Hiscott, Delattre and Wietzerbin (2000) Oncogene 19, 3372-3383], ET cells respond to the antiproliferative effects of interferons (IFNs) type I (alpha and beta) and to a much less degree to IFN type II (gamma). IFN-alpha and -beta arrested cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. We found an enhancement of gamma-GT mRNA species with IFN-alpha and -beta by reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses. This is reflected by up-regulation of gamma-GT protein, which coincides with the increase in gamma-GT-specific enzymic activity. Similarly, IFNs up-regulate the levels of gamma-GT in another IFN-responsive B cell line. Whether this up-regulation of gamma-GT by IFNs is of physiological relevance to cell behaviour remains to be studied.
Characterization of broadly pleiotropic phenotypes caused by an <i>hfq</i> insertion mutation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K‐12 (1994)

The region immediately downstream from the miaA tRNA modification gene at 94.8 min contains the hfq gene and the hflA region, which are important in the bacteriophage Q beta and lambda life cycles. The roles of these genes in bacteria remain largely unknown. We report here the characterization of two chromosomal hfq insertion mutations. An omega (omega) cassette insertion near the end of hfq resulted in phenotypes only slightly different from the parent, although transcript mapping demonstrated that the insertion was completely polar on hflX expression. In contrast, an equally polar omega cassette insertion near the beginning of hfq caused pronounced pleiotropic phenotypes, including decreased growth rates and yields, decreased negative supercoiling of plasmids in stationary phase, increased cell size, osmosensitivity, increased oxidation of carbon sources, increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light, and suppression of bgl activation by hns mutations. hfq::omega mutant phenotypes were distinct from those caused by omega insertions early in the miaA tRNA modification gene. On the other hand, both hfq insertions interfered with lambda phage plaque formation, probably by means of polarity at the hflA region. Together, these results show that hfq function plays a fundamental role in Escherichia coli physiology and that hfq and the hflA-region are in the amiB-mutL-miaA-hfq-hflX superoperon.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Acylation of meso‐Diols with Benzoyl Halide in the Presence of a Chiral Diamine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Speaker recognition system (2012)

This report givens an overview of a Gaussian Mixture Model – Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) system which focusing on speaker identification. In this report we will be focusing on the traditional FFT-based Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) method to extract feature from wav file and GMM-UBM to create speaker model. The detail information of MFCC and GMM-UBM will be explained in the report.\n\n\n\nThe program is build based using GMM-UBM and MFCC, the likelihood ratio of the testing speech are the output of the program. The experiment is carry out to evaluate the effects on accuracy when different mixture and file of MFC are used.
Harmonically Pumped Stripline Downconverter (1974)

A novel thin film downconverter which is pumped at a submultiple of the local oscillator frequency has given a conversion loss which is comparable to the performance of conventional balanced mixers. The converter consists of two stripline filters and two Schottky barrier diodes which are shunt mounted in a strip transmission line. The conversion loss measured at a signal frequency of 3.5 GHz is 3.2 dB for a pump frequency of 1.7 GHz and 4.9 dB for a pump frequency of 0.85 GHz. The circuit looks attractive for use at millimeter-wave frequencies where stable pump sources with low FM noise are not readily available.
Expression of Chemokines RANTES, MIP-1α and GRO-α Correlates with Inflammation in Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (1998)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an investigator-initiated disorder that serves as an animal model for the common human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Both diseases are typified by disseminated perivascular and submeningeal cuffs in the central nervous system (CNS). It was shown recently that chemokines are integral to the pathogenesis of EAE. In the present study we analyzed the gene expression of three chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and GRO-alpha, at the onset of acute EAE, and correlated that expression with the intensity of inflammatory changes in the CNS. We showed that all three chemokines are upregulated simultaneously with symptom onset of acute EAE, and that chemokine expression correlates with the intensity of inflammation in the CNS. This consistent relationship supports the hypothesis that chemokines are relevant to leukocyte accumulation in CNS parenchyma.
Overexpression of a Novel Highly Active Tumor Necrosis Factor Mutant in E. coli. (1996)

A synthetic gene of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) was mutated by polymerase chain reaction using a multi-site mutated primer with the Arg-2 codon (CGT) replaced by a lysine codon (AAA). The mutated gene was inserted into vector pSB-92 at the downstream of P(L) promoter to give a recombinant plasmid pBS-TNF-K2 and expressed in E. coli. Soluble [Lys(2)] hTNF-alpha mutein was obtained in high yield, accounting for more than 60% of the total cellular protein and easy to purify. Compared to the wild type hTNF-alpha, purified [Lys(2)] hTNF-alpha has slightly less toxicity but shows tens to hundreds times greater inhibitory activity to several human tumor cell lines.
Improved protection of chronically inflow-limited myocardium with retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia. (1988)

The effects of retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia (CSC) and conventional aortic route cardioplegia (ARC) on reperfusion blood flow patterns were compared in 18 mongrel dogs having ameroid-induced coronary collaterals. Animals were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and cooled systemically. The aorta was clamped, and the hearts were arrested with a bolus infusion of hypothermic (4 degrees C) hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution delivered either into the aortic root or through a balloon catheter placed in the coronary sinus. After 45 minutes of ischemic arrest, hearts were reperfused, and blood flow patterns were measured at 1, 5, 10, and 60 minutes. In the normal region, a significant hyperemia occurred with both CSC and ARC. However, the peak reactive transmural flow was 120% more with ARC than with CSC (4.55 +/- 0.45 vs. 2.12 +/- 0.19 ml/min/g, respectively; p less than 0.05) and remained elevated after 60 minutes of reperfusion, when CSC flows had returned to control levels. In the collateral-dependent region, a significant hyperemia was observed with ARC that persisted throughout reperfusion. However, with CSC, no significant changes in blood flow were detected at any time during reperfusion. Thus, the decreased hyperemic response after arrest suggests a reduced energetic debt with CSC compared with ARC and may indicate superior myocardial protection with CSC. This is particularly evident in chronically inflow-restricted myocardial regions.
The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of women (2011)

Untreated, progressive HIV infection was associated with decreased serum levels of cytokines important in T-cell homeostasis (IL-15) and T-cell phenotype determination (IL-12), and increased levels of innate inflammatory mediators such as IP-10 and TNF-α. HAART was associated with cytokine profiles that more closely resembled those of HIV-uninfected women. The distinctive pattern of cytokine levels in the three study groups may provide insights into HIV pathogenesis, and responses to therapy.
Periodontal Disease as a Function of Life Events Stress (1986)

Studies relating stress and oral pathology have been limited to animal experiments or clinical studies of personality and psychological health that have ignored the role of specific life events. The present study related measurements of life events stress to measurements of periodontal disease. Subjects were fifty male volunteers recruited from a pool of dental patients from the Brooklyn VA Outpatient Dental Clinic. Oral examinations were given to determine the degree of periodontitis and gingivitis. Evidence of other somatic symptomatology was assessed by the somatization subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory. The degree of life events stress was assessed with the Life Experience Survey. Measurements of life events stress were found to be significantly correlated with measures of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease was more severe and widespread as stressors increased. Subjects were found whose general physical health was unrelated to their life situation.