gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction (2011)

Language planning and policy have become the subject of academic interest surprisingly recently. They were first broached in sociolinguistics (e.g. Rubin and Shuy 1973) and the sociology of language (e.g. Cobarrubias and Fishman 1983). Eastman (1983) made an early attempt to overview language planning, followed by Cooper (1989). Considerable attention is paid to language corpus planning in such publications.
Uncalibrated 3D stereo image-based dynamic visual servoing for robot manipulators (2013)

This paper introduces a new comprehensive solution for the open problem of uncalibrated 3D image-based stereo visual servoing for robot manipulators. One of the main contributions of this article is a novel 3D stereo camera model to map positions in the task space to positions in a new 3D Visual Cartesian Space (a visual feature space where 3D positions are measured in pixel). This model is used to compute a full-rank Image Jacobian Matrix (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">img</sub> ), which solves several common problems presented on the classical image Jacobians, e.g., image space singularities and local minima. This Jacobian is a fundamental key for the image-based control design, where uncalibrated stereo camera systems can be used to drive a robot manipulator. Furthermore, an adaptive second order sliding mode visual servo control is designed to track 3D visual motions using the 3D trajectory errors defined in the Visual Cartesian Space. The stability of the control in closed loop with a dynamic robot system is formally analyzed and proved, where exponential convergence of errors in the Visual Cartesian Space and task space without local minima are demonstrated. The complete control system is evaluated both in simulation and on a real industrial robot. The robustness of the control scheme is evaluated for cases where the extrinsic parameters of the stereo camera system change on-line and the kinematic/dynamic robot parameters are considered as unknown. This approach offers a proper solution for the common problem of visual occlusion, since the stereo system can be moved to obtain a clear view of the task at any time.
Geochemistry and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks from Qushenla Formation in Gerze area of northern Tibetan Plateau (2015)

By using petrological,isotope chronological,and geochemical methods,the authors studied the vol- canic rocks in the studied area,mainly including dacites and trachytes. The results show that they formed dur- ing the late Early Cretaceous. Geochemically,the volcanic rocks are relatively enriched in large-ion lithophile elements( Rb,K,and Th) and depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,and Ti) , and rich in light rare earth elements,and depleted in heavy rare earth elements. The fact indicates that the main body of the vol- canic rocks in the Qushenla Formation was derived from the partial melting of lower crust. The lithological as- semblages are characterized by continental high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series,suggesting that the southward-subducting oceanic slab in southern Bangong Lake had break off and that the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Ocean had closed before 107 Ma. The main dynamic mechanisms for the genesis of this set of intermediate-acid- ic volcanic rocks were upwelling of the asthenosphere and partial melting of the lower crust caused by slab break-off.
Therapeutic opportunities of small interfering RNA (2009)

Formation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) occurs in two steps involving binding of the RNA nucleases to a large double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and its cleavage into fragments called siRNA. In the second step, these siRNAs join a multinuclease complex, which degrades the homologous single-stranded mRNAs. The delivery of siRNA involves viral- and non-viral-mediated delivery systems; the approaches for chemical modifications have also been developed. It has various therapeutic applications for disorders like cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatic disorders, etc. The present review gives an overview of the applications of siRNA and their potential for treating many hitherto untreatable diseases.
Detection and correction of design defects in object-oriented designs (2007)

Design defects come from poor design choices and have the effect of degrading the quality of object-oriented designs.Therefore, they present opportunities for improvements.However, design defects have not been precisely specified and there are few appropriate tools that allow their detection as well as their correction. Our goal is to provide a systematic method to specify systematically design defects precisely and to generate automatically detection and correction algorithms from their specifications. The detection algorithms are based not only on metrics but also on semantical and structural properties whereas the correction algorithms are based on refactorings. We apply and validate these algorithms on open-source object-oriented programs to show that our method allows a systematic specification, a precise detection, and a suitable correction of design defects.
Identification of<i>Zoogloea</i>species and the Relationship to Zoogloeal Matrix and Floc Formation (1968)

Three floc-forming, gram-negative, polarly flagellated rods were isolated and characterized. Our isolates were compared to four similar floc-forming organisms previously isolated in another laboratory and classified as two species of Zoogloea, one of Pseudomonas, and as one unidentified gram-negative rod. Possession of zoogloeal matrix or flocculent growth habit was examined in relation to growth and biochemical patterns of the bacteria. A possible relationship of Zoogloea to other gelatinous matrix-producing bacteria is also discussed.
The Interpretation of the Anomalous Sound-Absorption in Air and Oxygen in Terms of Molecular Collisions (1933)

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A facile synthesis of 3‐Substituted 5‐Oxo‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles from amidoximes (2000)

Abstract The reaction of amidoximes 1 with 1,1′‐thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) followed by treatment with silica gel or boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF 3 ·OEt 2 ) provided 3‐substituted 4,5‐dihydro‐5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles 2 in moderate yields. The Lewis acids are considered to promote the rearrangement of the thioxocarbamate intermediates 5 to the thiol carbarn ate intermediates 7 , which cyclize to afford 4,5‐dihydro‐5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles 2 .
Prelimbic cortical BDNF is required for memory of learned fear but not extinction or innate fear (2010)

In the medial prefrontal cortex, the prelimbic area is emerging as a major modulator of fear behavior, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Using a selective neocortical knockout mouse, virally mediated prelimbic cortical-specific gene deletion, and pharmacological rescue with a TrkB agonist, we examined the role of a primary candidate mechanism, BDNF, in conditioned fear. We found consistently robust deficits in consolidation of cued fear but no effects on acquisition, expression of unlearned fear, sensorimotor function, and spatial learning. This deficit in learned fear in the BDNF knockout mice was rescued with systemic administration of a TrkB receptor agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. These data indicate that prelimbic BDNF is critical for consolidation of learned fear memories, but it is not required for innate fear or extinction of fear. Moreover, use of site-specific, inducible BDNF deletions shows a powerful mechanism that may further our understanding of the pathophysiology of fear-related disorders.
"The old lady of Threadneedle street" (1952)

Journal Article "The old lady of Threadneedle street" Get access W. Marston Acres W. Marston Acres Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 197, Issue 1, 5 January 1952, Page 2, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/197.1.2 Published: 05 January 1952
Compact FPGA hardware architecture for public key encryption in embedded devices (2018)

Security is a crucial requirement in the envisioned applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), where most of the underlying computing platforms are embedded systems with reduced computing capabilities and energy constraints. In this paper we present the design and evaluation of a scalable low-area FPGA hardware architecture that serves as a building block to accelerate the costly operations of exponentiation and multiplication in [Formula: see text], commonly required in security protocols relying on public key encryption, such as in key agreement, authentication and digital signature. The proposed design can process operands of different size using the same datapath, which exhibits a significant reduction in area without loss of efficiency if compared to representative state of the art designs. For example, our design uses 96% less standard logic than a similar design optimized for performance, and 46% less resources than other design optimized for area. Even using fewer area resources, our design still performs better than its embedded software counterparts (190x and 697x).
Interactive collision detection for free-viewpoint video. (2007)

Keywords: Video-based graphics, animation and rendering; collision detection; rigid body simulation; visual hull; Abstract: We present a novel way of interacting with a virtual 3D scene in the context of free-viewpoint video. Using a multi-camera setup, our technique detects collisions between virtual objects and real objects, including people. We perform collision computations directly on the image data, as opposed to reconstructing the full geometry of the subject. This reduces implementation complexity, and moreover, yields interactive performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by incorporating it in a rigid body simulation. The subject can interact with virtual objects and observe his or her actions while being able to adjust the viewpoint, all in real-time. Figure 1: A person, captured by multiple calibrated digital video cameras, interacts with a rigid body simulation at interactive speeds. 1
Single channel measurements of the calcium release channel from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Activation by Ca2+ and ATP and modulation by Mg2+. (1986)

A high-conductance (100 pS in 53 mM trans Ca2+) Ca2+ channel was incorporated from heavy-density skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) fractions into planar lipid bilayers of the Mueller-Rudin type. cis Ca2+ in the range of 2-950 microM increased open probability (Po) in single channel records without affecting open event lifetimes. Millimolar ATP was found to be as good as or better than Ca2+ in activation; however, both Ca2+ and ATP were required to fully activate the channel, i.e., to bring Po = 1. Exponential fits to open and closed single channel lifetimes suggested that the channel may exist in many distinct states. Two open and two closed states were identified when the channel was activated by either Ca2+ or ATP alone or by Ca2+ plus nucleotide. Mg2+ was found to permeate the SR Ca channel in a trans-to-cis direction such that iMg2+/iCa2+ = 0.40. cis Mg2+ was inhibitory and in single channel recordings produced an unresolvable flickering of Ca- and nucleotide-activated channels. At nanomolar cis Ca2+, 4 microM Mg2+ completely inhibited nucleotide-activated channels. In the presence of 2 microM cis Ca2+, the nucleotide-activated macroscopic Ba conductance was inhibited by cis Mg2+ with an IC50 equal to 1.5 mM.
A Model Membrane Approach to the Epidermal Permeability Barrier (1994)

The permeability barrier of mammalian skin is found in unusual intercellular domains in the upper layers of the epidermis, and is composed mainly of three lipid classes: ceramide, cholesterol, and free fatty acid. These are organized as lamellae, but the details of lipid organization are not precisely known. To examine the relationship between lipid composition and phase behavior, aqueous dispersions of bovine brain ceramide, cholesterol, and perdeuterated palmitic acid were examined by 2H NMR and compared to analogous systems in which sphingomyelin replaced ceramide. The sphingomyelin systems give rise as expected to a stable fluid lamellar signal over the temperature range 20-75 degrees C and pH 5.2-7.4, whereas the ceramide dispersions show complex polymorphism as a function of both temperature and pH. Prominent features of the ceramide dispersions containing cholesterol are phase coexistence and the presence of a "solid" phase in which molecular motion is more inhibited than in a classical phospholipid gel phase: T1z measurements indicate that lateral diffusion of the palmitic acid probe effectively does not occur. In the absence of cholesterol, a fluid lamellar signal is not observed, but the appearance of a "solid" signal is also influenced by the pH. In the presence of cholesterol, a fluid lamellar signal is present at 50 degrees C, and the 2H NMR order parameter profile is very similar to that derived from the analogous sphingomyelin dispersions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Defective PTEN regulation contributes to B cell hyperresponsiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus (2014)

PTEN regulates normal signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR). In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), enhanced BCR signaling contributes to increased B cell activity, but the role of PTEN in human SLE has remained unclear. We performed fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in B cells from SLE patients and found that all SLE B cell subsets, except for memory B cells, showed decreased expression of PTEN compared with B cells from healthy controls. Moreover, the level of PTEN expression was inversely correlated with disease activity. We then explored the mechanisms governing PTEN regulation in SLE B cells. Notably, in normal but not SLE B cells, interleukin-21 (IL-21) induced PTEN expression and suppressed Akt phosphorylation induced by anti-immunoglobulin M and CD40L stimulation. However, this deficit was not primarily at the signaling or the transcriptional level, because IL-21-induced STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation was intact and IL-21 up-regulated PTEN mRNA in SLE B cells. Therefore, we examined the expression of candidate microRNAs (miRs) that could regulate PTEN: SLE B cells were found to express increased levels of miR-7, miR-21, and miR-22. These miRs down-regulated the expression of PTEN, and IL-21 stimulation increased the expression of miR-7 and miR-22 in both normal and SLE B cells. Indeed, a miR-7 antagomir corrected PTEN-related abnormalities in SLE B cells in a manner dependent on PTEN. Therefore, defective miR-7 regulation of PTEN contributes to B cell hyperresponsiveness in SLE and could be a new target of therapeutic intervention.
Response to “Comment on ‘Size-dependent melting behavior of Zn nanowire arrays’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 196101 (2007)]” (2007)

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Study on Rapid Measurement of Soybeans Moisture Content Based on Dielectric Properties (2006)

For the purpose of rapid and nondestructive determination of soybean moisture content, a new measurement principle based on the dielectric properties of the measured plant material was proposed and a moisture measuring device making use of this principle was designed. The device was comprised of a sleeve capacitance in which the soybeans to be measured was packed, a signal generator and a signal measuring instrument. The relationships between relevant dielectric parameters (equivalent capacitance, resistance and loss tangent) and moisture content of soybeans in the capacitance cylinder under different excitation frequency were examined. In the tests performed in our laboratory, the optimal frequency was found to be about 1 kHz, at which the capacitance in relation to moisture content can be represented by a power function. The errors involved in this new method were analyzed.
Shear-induced unfolding triggers adhesion of von Willebrand factor fibers (2007)

von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein present in our circulatory system, is necessary to stop bleeding under high shear-stress conditions as found in small blood vessels. The results presented here help unravel how an increase in hydrodynamic shear stress activates VWF's adhesion potential, leading to the counterintuitive phenomena of enhanced adsorption rate under strong shear conditions. Using a microfluidic device, we were able to mimic a wide range of bloodflow conditions and directly visualize the conformational dynamics of this protein under shear flow. In particular, we find that VWF displays a reversible globule-stretch transition at a critical shear rate gamma(crit) in the absence of any adsorbing surface. Computer simulations reproduce this sharp transition and identify the large size of VWF's repeating units as one of the keys for this unique hydrodynamic activation. In the presence of an adsorbing collagen substrate, we find a large increase in the protein adsorption at the same critical shear rate, suggesting that the globule unfolding in bulk triggers the surface adsorption in the case of a collagen substrate, which provides a sufficient density of binding sites. Monitoring the adsorption process of multiple VWF fibers, we were able to follow the formation of an immobilized network that constitutes a "sticky" grid necessary for blood platelet adhesion under high shear flow. Because areas of high shear stress coincide with a higher chance for vessel wall damage by mechanical forces, we identified the shear-induced increase in the binding probability of VWF as an effective self-regulating repair mechanism of our microvascular system.
Experimental Evaluation of Reduced Kinetic Models for the Simulation of Knock in SI Engines (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Downsizing by turbo charging is a current approach for the reduction of fuel consumption of Spark Ignition (SI) engines. For downsized engines compression ratio has to be set as high as possible to achieve substantial gains in thermodynamic efficiency. Unfortunately, the possibility to take full advantages offered by downsizing is limited by knock phenomenon, which imposes constraints both on supercharging and compression ratios.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Quasi-dimensional and multidimensional simulation can play a role of increasing importance for the design and the optimization of future engine prototypes more and more based on advanced combustion concepts, provided that well proven tools for knock simulation may be available. In this regard, a number of detailed and semi-detailed kinetic schemes have been recently proposed to simulate the auto-ignition and combustion in wide ranges of temperature, pressure and air fuel ratio typical of different experimental approaches, such as: flow reactors, constant volume bombs, rapid compression machines, shock tubes, test engines. However, at moment, the use of large kinetic models is limited, particularly in multidimensional simulation, because of the enormous calculation effort required.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">On the other hand, different kinds of reduced models (skeletal, global, etc.) have been proposed, but they can be effectively used only on defined ranges of temperature, pressure and air fuel ratio. Thus, to set up reduced models, proper experiments are required for each field of interest.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this scenario, an experimental procedure to evaluate the auto-ignition behavior of different fuels in conditions similar to the ones of the end gas of SI engines is proposed in this paper. A CFR engine was used because of his flexibility and of his wide diffusion. For all tests, carried out using iso-octane as fuel, inlet temperature was controlled at 423 K, the engine speed set at 900 (rpm), and the relative air/fuel ratio varied in a wide range, from rich (0.74) to lean (1.51). For each test condition, the engine was motored and compression ratio was varied until auto-ignition was induced. The internal EGR and other not measurable parameters were estimated with the aid of a 1-D commercial code, whose user combustion module was customized with a FORTRAN routine developed by the authors. Numerical simulations were carried out using two reduced mechanisms due respectively to Tanaka [<span class="xref">13</span>] and to Golovitchev [<span class="xref">16</span>], and their capability of predicting auto-ignition was evaluated by comparison with experiments.</div></div>
Preparation of C<sub>f</sub>/SiC Composites by Liquid Silicon Infiltration (2010)

The Cf/SiC made from carbon fiber preforms infiltrated by phenol resin, pure carbon slurry and aqueous C/SiC slurry showed different binding strength between carbon fiber and SiC matrix, thus influenced the fracture behavior of the composite. The fracture toughness of the Cf/SiC composites with the value of 9.82MPa•m1/2,improved remarkably compared with reaction- bonded silicon carbide (RBSC). But the flexural strength was less than 100 MPa, because of the existence of considerable amount of pores in C/SiC composites.
Duplicate upstream activating sequences in the promoter region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL7 gene. (1986)

We constructed a series of deletions in the 5' noncoding region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL7 gene, fused them to the Escherichia coli gene lacZ, and introduced them into yeasts by using a multicopy vector. We then studied the effect of the deletions on beta-galactosidase synthesis directed by the gene fusions in media with various carbon sources. This analysis identified a TATA box and two upstream activating sequences as necessary elements for galactose-controlled GAL7 transcription. Two upstream activating sequences exhibiting 71% homology with each other were located 255 and 168 base pairs, respectively, upstream of the GAL7 transcription start point. Each sequence consists of 21 base pairs, displaying an approximate rotational symmetry with a core consensus sequence of GAA--AGCTGCTTC--CGCG. At least one of the two sequences is required for galactose induction and also for glucose repression of the GAL7'-lac'Z gene. Analysis with host regulatory mutants delta gal14 and delta gal180 suggests that these sequences are the site at which the GAL4 product exerts its action to activate the GAL7 gene. We also observed that a deletion lacking both upstream activation sequences allowed the gene fusion to be expressed in the absence of galactose at about 10% of the fully induced level of the intact fusion. This constitutive expression depended on the presence of the TATA box of GAL7 in cis but not on a functional GAL4 gene. The level of the uncontrolled expression was decreased by increasing the distance between the TATA box and the pBR322 sequence in the vector plasmid.