gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Bitter Taste of Amino Acids through the Transpeptidation Reaction of Bacterial γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (2001)

The tastes of several bitter amino acids and their gamma-glutamyl derivatives were compared. The bitterness of Phe, Val, Leu, and His was reduced, sourness was produced, and preferences were increased by gamma-glutamylization. Because the effect of gamma-glutamylization of bitter amino acids was most obvious for Phe, which is an atypical bitter amino acid, an enzymatic method for the synthesis of gamma-glutamylphenylalanine (gamma-Glu-Phe) involving bacterial gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was developed. The optimum reaction conditions were 200 mM Gln, 200 mM Phe, and 0.5 unit/mL GGT, pH 10.4. After 1.5-h of incubation at 37 degrees C, 140 mM gamma-Glu-Phe was obtained, the yield being 70%. gamma-Glu-Phe was purified on a Dowex 1x8 column and then identified by NMR.
Effects of flavonoids and antioxidants on 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and tumor promotion in relation to lipoxygenase inhibition by these compounds. (1984)

The effects of flavonoids, antioxidants and related compounds on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction, DNA synthesis and skin tumor promotion, and on epidermal lipoxygenase activity, were investigated using CD-1 mice. Morin, fisetin , kaempferol and n-propyl gallate potently inhibited epidermal lipoxygenase activity, and esculetin , butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), alpha-naphthol and 2,3- dihydroxynaphthalene (2,3- DHNA ) moderately inhibited it. alpha-Tocopherol, (+)catechin, (-) epicatechin and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were inactive. Similarly, morin, fisetin , kaempferol and n-propyl gallate markedly inhibited TPA-caused ODC induction. Esculetin , BHA, alpha-naphthol, 2,3- DHNA and alpha-tocopherol inhibited it less potently, but significantly. (+)Catechin, (-) epicatechin and BHT failed to inhibit or only slightly inhibited TPA-caused ODC induction. TPA-caused DNA synthesis was not inhibited by morin, esculetin , (+)-catechin or alpha-tocopherol. The TPA-induced skin tumor promotion was markedly inhibited by morin and slightly suppressed by esculetin and alpha-tocopherol, but (+)-catechin was inactive. Thus, the inhibitory effects of flavonoids and antioxidants on the TPA-caused ODC induction and tumor promotion were roughly parallel with their activities of lipoxygenase inhibition. These results further support our hypothesis that a lipoxygenase product(s) is involved in the mechanism of TPA-caused ODC induction and tumor promotion.
Effect of topical timolol on the human retinal circulation. (1986)

The effect of topical timolol maleate 0.5% on the retinal circulation was investigated in 14 normal subjects using laser Doppler velocimetry and monochromatic fundus photography. In a double masked, randomized design, one eye received two drops of timolol maleate 0.5% and the fellow eye received two drops of placebo. Vessel diameter, maximum velocity of red blood cells, and volumetric blood flow rate were determined in a major temporal vein of each eye just prior to the instillation of drops, and then 90 min later. In comparison to the baseline value, there was a significantly larger average percentage increase in maximum velocity of red blood cells and volumetric blood flow rate in the timolol-treated eyes (11.0% and 13.2%, respectively) than in the control eyes (2.2% and 1.5%, respectively, paired t-test, P less than 0.05). No significant change in venous diameter was detected. No significant linear correlations were found between the percentage change in maximum velocity of red blood cells and mean brachial artery blood pressure, and between the percentage change in volumetric blood flow rate and mean brachial artery pressure in the placebo-treated eyes, whereas significant correlations were present between these quantities in the timolol-treated eyes (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The lack of such correlations in the control eyes is probably due to autoregulation of the retinal circulation. The presence of correlations in the timolol-treated eyes suggests that the drug may affect the capacity of the retina to autoregulate.
Synthesis, Properties, and Gas Separation Studies of a Robust Diimide-Based Microporous Organic Polymer (2009)

We report the synthesis of a new porous organic polymer based on condensation of inexpensive anhydride- and amine-bearing building blocks. The condensation produces a remarkably robust polyimide (nominally a diamond-type network) that retains its porosity after solvent evacuation and after prolonged soaking in water, aq. 0.1M HCl, or 50:50 triethylamine:DMF. This material features high surface area (900 m2/g) and pores of appropriate size and composition to capture CO2 from mixtures with methane.
A quality-guided displacement tracking algorithm for ultrasonic elasticity imaging (2008)

Displacement estimation is a key step in the evaluation of tissue elasticity by quasistatic strain imaging. An efficient approach may incorporate a tracking strategy whereby each estimate is initially obtained from its neighbours' displacements and then refined through a localized search. This increases the accuracy and reduces the computational expense compared with exhaustive search. However, simple tracking strategies fail when the target displacement map exhibits complex structure. For example, there may be discontinuities and regions of indeterminate displacement caused by decorrelation between the pre- and post-deformation radio frequency (RF) echo signals. This paper introduces a novel displacement tracking algorithm, with a search strategy guided by a data quality indicator. Comparisons with existing methods show that the proposed algorithm is more robust when the displacement distribution is challenging.
Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Opioid-Free Anesthesia on Opioid Prescriptions at Discharge From the Hospital: A Historical-Prospective Study (2017)

This study is the first to report discharge opioid prescribing practices in an ERAS setting. Although an ERAS intervention for colorectal surgery led to an increase in opioid-free anesthesia and multimodal analgesia, we did not observe an impact on discharge opioid prescribing practices. The majority of patients were discharged with an opioid prescription, including those with a combination of low discharge pain scores, no preoperative opioid use, and low morphine milligram equivalents consumption before discharge. This observation in the setting of an ERAS pathway that promotes multimodal analgesia suggests that our findings are very likely to also be observed in non-ERAS settings and offers an opportunity to modify opioid prescribing practices on discharge after surgery. For opioid-free anesthesia and multimodal analgesia to influence the opioid epidemic, the dose and quantity of the opioids prescribed should be modified based on the information gathered by in-hospital pain scores and opioid use as well as pain history before admission.
Ultrahigh speed 1050nm swept source / Fourier domain OCT retinal and anterior segment imaging at 100,000 to 400,000 axial scans per second (2010)

We demonstrate ultrahigh speed swept source/Fourier domain ophthalmic OCT imaging using a short cavity swept laser at 100,000 – 400,000 axial scan rates. Several design configurations illustrate tradeoffs in imaging speed, sensitivity, axial resolution, and imaging depth. Variable rate A/D optical clocking is used to acquire linear-in-k OCT fringe data at 100kHz axial scan rate with 5.3um axial resolution in tissue. Fixed rate sampling at 1 GSPS achieves a 7.5mm imaging range in tissue with 6.0um axial resolution at 100kHz axial scan rate. A 200kHz axial scan rate with 5.3um axial resolution over 4mm imaging range is achieved by buffering the laser sweep. Dual spot OCT using two parallel interferometers achieves 400kHz axial scan rate, almost 2X faster than previous 1050nm ophthalmic results and 20X faster than current commercial instruments. Superior sensitivity roll-off performance is shown. Imaging is demonstrated in the human retina and anterior segment. Wide field 12×12mm data sets include the macula and optic nerve head. Small area, high density imaging shows individual cone photoreceptors. The 7.5mm imaging range configuration can show the cornea, iris, and anterior lens in a single image. These improvements in imaging speed and depth range provide important advantages for ophthalmic imaging. The ability to rapidly acquire 3D-OCT data over a wide field of view promises to simplify examination protocols. The ability to image fine structures can provide detailed information on focal pathologies. The large imaging range and improved image penetration at 1050nm wavelengths promises to improve performance for instrumentation which images both the retina and anterior eye. These advantages suggest that swept source OCT at 1050nm wavelengths will play an important role in future ophthalmic instrumentation.
Note—Deriving the Optimal Boundaries for Class-Based Automatic Storage/Retrieval Systems (1989)

The optimal boundaries for class-based AS/RS systems are determined. A solution procedure is developed which requires only a one-dimensional search procedure. It is shown that most of the potential improvement in the expected one-way travel time can be obtained when the warehouse is divided into a relatively small number of regions. Thus, there is no need to use the full-turnover approach, which is difficult to implement.
Array-Based Approaches for the Identification of Epigenetic Silenced Tumor Suppressor Genes (2008)

Carcinogenesis involves the inactivation or inhibition of genes that function as tumor suppressors. Deletions, mutations, or epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes can lead to altered growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. DNA methylation and histone modifications are important epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation and play essential roles both independently and cooperatively in tumor initiation and progression. Realization that many tumor suppressor genes are silenced by epigenetic mechanisms has stimulated discovery of novel tumor suppressor genes. One of the most useful of these approaches is an epigenetic reactivation screening strategy that combines treatment of cancer cells in vitro with DNA methyltransferase and/or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, followed by global gene expression analysis using microarrays, to identify upregulated genes. This approach is most effective when complemented by microarray analyses to identify genes repressed in primary tumors. Recently, using cancer cell lines treated with a DNA methylation inhibitor and/or a HDAC inhibitor in conjunction with cDNA microarray analysis, candidate tumor suppressor genes, which are subject to epigenetic silencing, have been identified in endometrial, colorectal, esophageal, and pancreatic cancers. An increasing number of studies have utilized epigenetic reactivation screening to discover novel tumor suppressor genes in cancer. The results of some of the most recent studies are highlighted in this review.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Ionic Liquids: Fundamentals and Applications in Energy and Sensors (2017)

The oxygen reduction reaction plays a vital role in several processes and applications including energy and gas sensors that have been widely studied in aqueous and organic solvents. Although ionic liquids (ILs) have been known for a century, they gained substantial attention of researchers only a few decades ago as solvents for many applications like sensors, synthesis, catalysis, electrodeposition and energy applications. Use of ILs as an electrolyte for fuel cells, Li–O2 batteries and electrochemical gas sensors can resolve the issues related to instability/decompsotion, flamability and evaporation of electrolytes. Understanding the fundamentals of the ORR in ILs is essential for the development of these devices. Both the electrode materials and structure of ILs have significant effects on ORR. In addition, solubility and diffusion of O2 play an important part. This review focuses on recent advancements of ORR in ILs for energy (Li−O2 batteries and fuel cells) and electrochemical gas sensor applications. A brief introduction of ILs, followed by ORR mechanism in both aprotic and protic ILs are presented. In addition, the influence of electrode materials and ILs structure on ORR and solubility and mass transport of O2 in vaious IL-based electrolytes are also presented. Finally, some future directions with special emphasis on Li–O2 batteries, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and gas sensors are suggested.
A protocol to detect malicious hosts attacks by using reference states (1999)

To protect mobile agents from attacks by their execution environments, or hosts, one class of protection mechanisms uses 'reference states' to detect modification attacks. Reference states are agent states that have been produced by non-attacking, or reference hosts. This paper presents a new protocol using reference states by modifying an existing approach, called 'traces'. In contrast to the original approach, this new protocol offers a model, where the execution on one host is checked unconditionally and immediately on the next host, regardless of whether this host is trusted or untrusted. This modification preserves the qualitative advantages like asynchronous execution, but also introduces two new problems: input to the execution session on one host cannot be held secret to a second host, and collaboration attacks of two consecutive hosts are possible. The overhead needed for the protocol roughly doubles the cost of the mobile agent execution.
72.3: Wedge Displays as Cameras (2006)

Abstract Wedge projection enables big slim screens at low cost, but wedge panels also work in reverse as cameras. Eye‐limited resolution can be seen through a panel and since cameras are not subject to the étendu limit of projectors, there is the potential to make panels particularly slim.
Lumbar Support in Auto Seats: Conclusions from a Study of Preferred Driving Posture (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Prominent, longitudinally convex lumbar supports are frequently recommended for auto seats based on the assumption that such supports will induce sitters to choose postures with substantial lumbar lordosis. Lumbar lordosis has been associated with reduced spine loading as measured by pressure in the intervertebral disks. Data from a laboratory study of the influence of lumbar support on driving posture demonstrate that, on average, lumbar lordosis is not strongly affected by large increases in lumbar support prominence. These findings, and their implications for seat design, are reviewed.</div>
Fast and deep deformation approximations (2018)

Character rigs are procedural systems that compute the shape of an animated character for a given pose. They can be highly complex and must account for bulges, wrinkles, and other aspects of a character's appearance. When comparing film-quality character rigs with those designed for real-time applications, there is typically a substantial and readily apparent difference in the quality of the mesh deformations. Real-time rigs are limited by a computational budget and often trade realism for performance. Rigs for film do not have this same limitation, and character riggers can make the rig as complicated as necessary to achieve realistic deformations. However, increasing the rig complexity slows rig evaluation, and the animators working with it can become less efficient and may experience frustration. In this paper, we present a method to reduce the time required to compute mesh deformations for film-quality rigs, allowing better interactivity during animation authoring and use in real-time games and applications. Our approach learns the deformations from an existing rig by splitting the mesh deformation into linear and nonlinear portions. The linear deformations are computed directly from the transformations of the rig's underlying skeleton. We use deep learning methods to approximate the remaining nonlinear portion. In the examples we show from production rigs used to animate lead characters, our approach reduces the computational time spent on evaluating deformations by a factor of 5X-10X. This significant savings allows us to run the complex, film-quality rigs in real-time even when using a CPU-only implementation on a mobile device.
Semantic Autoencoder for Zero-Shot Learning (2017)

Existing zero-shot learning (ZSL) models typically learn a projection function from a feature space to a semantic embedding space (e.g. attribute space). However, such a projection function is only concerned with predicting the training seen class semantic representation (e.g. attribute prediction) or classification. When applied to test data, which in the context of ZSL contains different (unseen) classes without training data, a ZSL model typically suffers from the project domain shift problem. In this work, we present a novel solution to ZSL based on learning a Semantic AutoEncoder (SAE). Taking the encoder-decoder paradigm, an encoder aims to project a visual feature vector into the semantic space as in the existing ZSL models. However, the decoder exerts an additional constraint, that is, the projection/code must be able to reconstruct the original visual feature. We show that with this additional reconstruction constraint, the learned projection function from the seen classes is able to generalise better to the new unseen classes. Importantly, the encoder and decoder are linear and symmetric which enable us to develop an extremely efficient learning algorithm. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed SAE outperforms significantly the existing ZSL models with the additional benefit of lower computational cost. Furthermore, when the SAE is applied to supervised clustering problem, it also beats the state-of-the-art.
The role of recombinant human M-CSF, IL-3, GM-CSF and calcitriol in clonal development of osteoclast precursors in primate bone marrow. (1993)

Evidence suggests that among the myeloid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) is important in normal development of osteoclasts. To understand the role of M-CSF and other myeloid CSFs on clonal growth of osteoclast progenitors, isolated monkey bone marrow cells expressing the CD34 antigen were grown in soft agar or methylcellulose cultures in the presence of recombinant human M-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), calcitriol and various combinations of these factors. Day-10 to day-20 colonies were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in order to identify putative osteoclast progenitors. Colonies were scored as follows: if greater than 80% of the cells in a colony contained TRAP it was scored as TRAP-positive; between 20% and 80%, TRAP-mix; and less than 20%, TRAP-negative. Further identification of osteoclast progenitors was made by simultaneous autoradiographic detection of calcitonin receptors on TRAP-stained colonies grown in methylcellulose. Among the 3 CSFs tested alone, GM-CSF stimulated the greatest number of TRAP-positive colonies; however, M-CSF and IL-3 in combination stimulated an even greater number of TRAP-positive colonies at all time points. Such additive effect was not observed between GM-CSF and IL-3. When calcitriol was added, the following increases in day-20 TRAP-positive colonies occurred: with M-CSF, 189%; with IL-3, 109%; with the combination of M-CSF and IL-3, 52%; and with GM-CSF there was no change. In the presence of calcitriol, 75% of IL-3 plus M-CSF-induced TRAP-containing colonies demonstrated calcitonin receptors over their TRAP-positive cells, whereas with M-CSF, GM-CSF or IL-3 each alone, 0 to 25% of TRAP-containing colonies had calcitonin receptor over TRAP-positive cells. These results suggest that IL-3, M-CSF and calcitriol stimulate a subpopulation of hemopoietic progenitors, likely osteoclast progenitors, that can give rise to TRAP-positive cells simultaneously expressing calcitonin receptors.
Investigation of Cooling Performance of the Driving Motor Utilizing Heat Pipe (2006)

This research is to verify the cooling effect of the acting surface on the rotary motor using heat pipe and conventional cooling fan. In order to show the cooling performance of the rotary motor and heat pipe with the fin-typed heat sink, the surface temperature of the motor and condenser was measured in real time. The experiments were also conducted as for not only cooling device installed with heat pipe only, but with heat pipe and conventional cooling fan simultaneously. The present experiment reveals that the cooling combination of the heat pipe and cooling fan is far superior to the conventional cooling device for the driving motor such as the fin-typed heat sink. When the driving voltage of 20V and 14V were supplied to the driving motor, the cooling performance of the rotary motor with heat pipe was 170% and 500%, respectively better than that without heat pipe on steady state condition.
Porous silicon‐based potentiometric biosensor for triglycerides (2007)

Abstract In this paper we report on the fabrication and characterization of a potentiometric biosensor for the detection of triglycerides. This is constituted by a lipase immobilized on a mesoporous Si matrix. Prototypes, realized on 1 × 1 cm n + ‐type silicon wafers, show a very high enzymatic activity. Moreover the properties of these biosensors have been shown to be stable in a several months time interval, clearly showing their advantages with respect to traditional triglycerides detection systems. The Michaelis Menten curve is obtained to demonstrate the absence of diffusion problems. Potentiometric measurements are also shown. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cell cycle regulation and<i>in vitro</i>hybrid arrest analysis of the major human uracil-DNA glycosylase (1991)

Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is the first enzyme in the excision repair pathway for removal of uracil in DNA. In vitro transcription/translation of a cloned human cDNA encoding UDG resulted in easily measurable UDG activity. The apparent size of the primary translation product was 34 kD. Two lines of evidence indicated that this cDNA encodes the major nuclear UDG. First, in vitro translation of human fibroblast mRNA isolated from S-phase cells resulted in measurable UDG activity and this UDG translation was specifically inhibited 90% by an anti-sense UDG mRNA transcript. Secondly, cell cycle analysis revealed an 8-12 fold increase in transcript level late in the G1-phase preceding a 2-3 fold increase in total UDG activity in the S-phase. UDG degradation was found to be very slow (T1/2 approximately 30h), therefore, the rate of UDG synthesis could be derived from the rate of UDG accumulation, and was found to correlate temporarily and quantitatively with the transcript level. Inhibitor studies showed that RNA and protein synthesis was required for induction of UDG. However, specific inhibition of DNA replication with aphidicolin indicated that entrance of fibroblasts into the S-phase was not required for UDG accumulation.
Reactions of Ketene Acetals. IV. A New Synthesis of α-Pyrones. III (1975)

A simple one-step synthesis of α-pyrones and 3-chloro-α-pyrones from β-functionalized α, β-enones and ketene acetals has been devised. The method has also been adapted to the preparation of some 4-methoxy-α-pyrones. Finally the mechanism of the reaction has been investigated.