gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-organization in peer-to-peer systems (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of forming groups in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems and examines what dependability means in decentralized distributed systems. Much of the literature in this field assumes that the participants form a local picture of global state, yet little research has been done discussing how this state remains stable as nodes enter and leave the system. We assume that nodes remain in the system long enough to benefit from retaining state, but not sufficiently long that the dynamic nature of the problem can be ignored. We look at the components that describe a system's dependability and argue that next-generation decentralized systems must explicitly delineate the information dispersal mechanisms (e.g., probe, event-driven, broadcast), the capabilities assumed about constituent nodes (bandwidth, up-time, re-entry distributions), and distribution of information demands (needles in a haystack vs. hay in a haystack [13]). We evaluate two systems based on these criteria: Chord [22] and a heterogeneous-node hierarchical grouping scheme [11]. The former gives a > 1% failed request rate under normal P2P conditions and a prototype of the latter a similar rate under more strenuous conditions with an order of magnitude more organizational messages. This analysis suggests several methods to greatly improve the prototype.
Working With Multiple Representations in a Concurrent Design System (1992)

The essence of concurrent engineering is to address multiple concerns (e.g., function, geometry, manufacturing) as a design evolves rather than waiting until the geometry of the design is complete. To support concurrent engineering a computational system must therefore be able to work with multiple representations and to keep them consistent. We have built environments for the design of assemblies and machined components in a prototype concurrent design system called Next-Cut and we use these environments to illustrate how such capabilities can be achieved. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the approach taken in Next-Cut and conclude with a discussion of directions for future work.
Local and transient inhibition of p21 expression ameliorates age‐related delayed wound healing (2019)

Nonhealing chronic wounds in the constantly growing elderly population represent a major public health problem with high socioeconomic burden. Yet, the underlying mechanism of age-related impairment of wound healing remains elusive. Here, we show that the number of dermal cells expressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was elevated upon skin injury, particularly in aged population, in both man and mouse. The nuclear expression of p21 in activated wound fibroblasts delayed the onset of the proliferation phase of wound healing in a p53-independent manner. Further, the local and transient inhibition of p21 expression by in vivo delivered p21-targeting siRNA ameliorated the delayed wound healing in aged mice. Our results suggest that the increased number of p21<sup>+</sup> wound fibroblasts enforces the age-related compromised healing, and targeting p21 creates potential clinical avenues to promote wound healing in aged population.
Vitamins for Chronic Disease Prevention in Adults (2002)

Vitamin deficiency syndromes such as scurvy and beriberi are uncommon in Western societies. However, suboptimal intake of some vitamins, above levels causing classic vitamin deficiency, is a risk factor for chronic diseases and common in the general population, especially the elderly. Suboptimal folic acid levels, along with suboptimal levels of vitamins B(6) and B(12), are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and colon and breast cancer; low levels of vitamin D contribute to osteopenia and fractures; and low levels of the antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, E, and C) may increase risk for several chronic diseases. Most people do not consume an optimal amount of all vitamins by diet alone. Pending strong evidence of effectiveness from randomized trials, it appears prudent for all adults to take vitamin supplements. The evidence base for tailoring the contents of multivitamins to specific characteristics of patients such as age, sex, and physical activity and for testing vitamin levels to guide specific supplementation practices is limited. Physicians should make specific efforts to learn about their patients' use of vitamins to ensure that they are taking vitamins they should, such as folate supplementation for women in the childbearing years, and avoiding dangerous practices such as high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy or massive doses of fat-soluble vitamins at any age.
THE REACTION OF ORGANIC MERCURY COMPOUNDS WITH ORGANIC HALIDES. II<sup>1</sup> (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF ORGANIC MERCURY COMPOUNDS WITH ORGANIC HALIDES. II1Frank C. Whitmore and E. N. ThurmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 5, 1491–1503Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01380a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (829 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Four Shades of Brown: Tuning of Electrochromic Polymer Blends Toward High-Contrast Eyewear (2015)

We report a straightforward strategy of accessing a wide variety of colors through simple predictive color mixing of electrochromic polymers (ECPs). We have created a set of brown ECP blends that can be incorporated as the active material in user-controlled electrochromic eyewear. Color mixing of ECPs proceeds in a subtractive fashion, and we acquire various hues of brown through the mixing of cyan and yellow primaries in combination with orange and periwinkle-blue secondary colors. Upon oxidation, all of the created blends exhibit a change in transmittance from ca. 10 to 70% in a few seconds. We demonstrate the attractiveness of these ECP blends as active materials in electrochromic eyewear by assembling user-controlled, high-contrast, fast-switching, and fully solution-processable electrochromic lenses with colorless transmissive states and colored states that correspond to commercially available sunglasses. The lenses were fabricated using a combination of inkjet printing and blade-coating to illustrate the feasibility of using soluble ECPs for high-throughput and large-scale processing.
A software support infrastructure for wireless access routers (2005)

Routers are expected to play an important role in the Internet protocol-based wireless data network. Although a substantial number of adaptive and intercell coordination techniques have been proposed to improve wireless network performance under dynamic wireless channel conditions and host mobility, a system support framework is still missing. In this paper, we describe DIRAC, a software-based router system that is designed for wireless networks to facilitate the implementation and evaluation of various channel-adaptive and mobility-aware protocols. DIRAC adopts a distributed architecture that is composed of two parts: a router core (RC) shared by the wireless subnets, and a router agent (RA) at each access point/base station. RAs expose wireless link-layer information to the RC and enforce the control commands issued by the RC. This approach allows the router to make adaptive decisions based on link-layer information feedback on both data and control planes. It also permits the router to enforce its policies (e.g., policing) more effectively through underlying link-layer mechanisms. It further enables interaccess-point coordination at the RC. As showcases, we implement under DIRAC the prototypes of three wireless network services: link-layer assisted fast handover, channel-adaptive scheduling, and link-layer enforced policing. Our implementation and experiments show that our distributed wireless router provides a flexible framework, which enables advanced network-layer wireless services that are adaptive to channel conditions and host mobility.
Design of IIR multi-band filters using IIR all-pass eigenfilters (2003)

An efficient method is proposed to design infinite impulse response (IIR) all-pass filters for synthesizing general multiband filters of low sensitivity. The method is based on minimizing a quadratic measure of the error derived from the phase design of a certain filter. The problem of stability is of no concern, and the performance of the obtained filter is comparable to that of existing methods. The solution is obtained directly with no need for iteration. The complex coefficient filters can also be designed with minor modification of the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Graph-Based Joint User-Centric Overlapped Clustering and Resource Allocation in Ultradense Networks (2017)

With the increase of access point (AP) density and the exponential growth of mobile devices supported by ultradense networks (UDNs), user-centric overlapped clustering relying on AP cooperation is becoming a promising design principle for guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) required by each user equipment. This ambitious goal can be achieved by the joint design of user-centric overlapped clustering and resource allocation. In this context, both the traffic-load balancing and the limited availability of orthogonal resource blocks (RBs) have to be carefully considered in UDNs. To tackle these challenges, we formulate a joint user-centric overlapped clustering and resource allocation problem with the goal of maximizing the system's spectral efficiency. To efficiently solve this problem, it is decoupled into two subproblems, which can be solved independently with the aid of our graph-theoretical framework. We first develop a novel distributed three-stage user-centric clustering solution, which is aware of the APs' traffic-loads. Then, based on the overlapped clusters constructed, we propose a novel two-stage graph-based user-centric resource allocation scheme for mitigating the resultant inter-cluster interference, despite the limited availability of orthogonal RBs. Our numerical results confirm the benefits of the proposed framework and show that it outperforms the benchmark solutions in terms of both its per area aggregated user rate and user rate.
An Improved Electrode for Electroretinography (1978)

An electrode for electroretinography was developed that fits over the patient's lower lid. The electrode incorporates a platinum strip embedded in a piece of shaped plexiglass. The electrode was standardized for clinical use by comparing ERG recordings from this platinum lid electrode with those recorded from a Burian-Allen electrode. The a- and b-wave implicit times and amplitudes were measured in four subjects, using both electrodes under varying luminance conditions, to provide a measure of the validity of the platinum lid electrode. The same experimental procedure was repeated five times on two individuals to provide a measure of the reliability of both electrodes. Results indicate amplitudes approximately 65% of those recorded with a Burian-Allen electrode but which are otherwise in good agreement.
Interaction between low dose-rate irradiation, mild hyperthermia and low-dose caffeine in a human lung cancer cell line (1999)

LDRI cytotoxicity was enhanced by non-lethal hyperthermia. Low dose caffeine produced further cell killing in the combination of LDRI with mild hyperthermia.
Glycosaminoglycans: key players in cancer cell biology and treatment (2012)

Glycosaminoglycans are natural heteropolysaccharides that are present in every mammalian tissue. They are composed of repeating disaccharide units that consist of either sulfated or non-sulfated monosaccharides. Their molecular size and the sulfation type vary depending on the tissue, and their state either as part of proteoglycan or as free chains. In this regard, glycosaminoglycans play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions. During recent years, cell biology studies have revealed that glycosaminoglycans are among the key macromolecules that affect cell properties and functions, acting directly on cell receptors or via interactions with growth factors. The accumulated knowledge regarding the altered structure of glycosaminoglycans in several diseases indicates their importance as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression, as well as pharmacological targets. This review summarizes how the fine structural characteristics of glycosaminoglycans, and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, are involved in cell signaling, cell function and cancer progression. Prospects for glycosaminoglycan-based therapeutic targeting in cancer are also discussed.
Immunohistochemical and genetic characterization of the M Cagliari alpha-1-antitrypsin molecule (M-like alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency). (1994)

A simple immunohistochemical assay based upon the application of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies represents a reliable test to distinguish Z and nonZ AAT deficiencies, thus assisting in the selection of cases worthy of more time-consuming analyses such as DNA sequencing. The same approach may be used for the characterization of as yet undefined PiM cases with AAT liver storage.
Foreword to second edition (2012)

Teaching is highly educational for teachers. Teaching from the first edition revealed to us how much students enjoyed Monte Carlo methods, and the ability with such methods to test and to check every derivation, test, procedure or result in the book. Thus, a change in the second edition is to introduce Monte Carlo as early as possible (Chapter 2). Teaching also revealed to us areas in which we assumed too much (and too little). We have therefore aimed for some smoothing of learning gradients where slope changes have appeared to be too sudden. Chapters 6 and 7 substantially amplify our previous treatments of Bayesian hypothesis testing/modelling, and include much more on model choice and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. Our previous chapter on 2D (sky distribution) analysis has been significantly revised. We have added a final chapter sketching the application of statistics to some current areas of astrophysics and cosmology, including galaxy formation and large-scale structure, weak gravitational lensing, and the cosmological microwave background (CMB) radiation.
Ultracompact nonimaging devices for optical wireless communications (2000)

Advanced optical design methods using the tools of nonimaging optics (instead of conventional imaging tools) produce ultracompact devices that combine high collection efficiency with a concentration (or collimating) capability close to the thermodynamic limit. After a general overview covering the most important design methods and devices in nonimaging optics, two of these designs, the so-called RX and RXI, are presented. Even though it is designed within the nonimaging framework, the RX device nevertheless has imaging properties that complement its valuable performance as a nonimaging device. The RXI is extremely compact: its aspect ratio (thickness/aperture diameter) is less than 1/3. When working as a receiver, that is, by placing a photodiode in the correct position, it attains an increase in irradiance that takes it beyond 95% of the theoretical thermodynamic limit (i.e., a concentration of 1600 times with an acceptance angle of ±2.14 deg). As an emitter, similar intensity gains can be obtained within an angle almost as large as 95% of the thermodynamic limit. The combination of high concentration factors, relatively wide acceptance angles, simplicity, and compactness makes these devices almost unique. The measurements carried out with several RXI prototypes, all of them made by PMMA injection, are also presented.
A cw EPR and ENDOR investigation on a series of Cr(i) carbonyl complexes with relevance to alkene oligomerization catalysis: [Cr(CO)4L]+ (L = Ph2PN(R)PPh2, Ph2P(R)PPh2) (2010)

The preparation and characterisation of the Cr(I) complexes [Cr(CO)(4)L](+) (L = Ph(2)PN(R)PPh(2), Ph(2)P(R)PPh(2)), which are used as pre-catalysts for the selective oligomerization of ethylene, are reported. The electronic properties and structural features of these complexes in frozen solution have been established via continuous wave X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (cw-EPR) and continuous wave (1)H, (14)N and (31)P Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (cw-ENDOR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra are dominated by the g anisotropy, with notably large (P)A couplings from the two equivalent (31)P nuclei. The spin Hamiltonian parameters (g(perpendicular) (g(xx) = g(yy)) > g(e) > g(parallel) (g(zz))) are consistent with a low-spin d(5) system possessing C(2v) symmetry, with a SOMO where the metal contribution is primarily d(xy) for all complexes. The isotropic Fermi contact term ((P)a(iso), determined by EPR and ENDOR) was found to be largest for complexes containing ligands e, d, f and g, indicating that the (31)P 3 s character in the SOMO is higher for the PNP type ligands than the PCP type. Subtle structural differences in the complexes were also identified through variations in the Deltag shifts (identified by EPR), and through differences in the phenyl ring conformations (identified by (1)H ENDOR). Attempts to correlate trends in EPR-derived parameters with data measured for catalysis using these pre-catalysts are also made, but no clear connections were found.
Tapered Deep Reactive Ion Etching: Method and Characterization (2007)

This work presents a method for etching tapered sidewalls in silicon using deep reactive ion etching. The method is based on consecutive switching between anisotropic etching using the Bosch process and isotropic dry etching. By controlling the etch depths of the anisotropic and isotropic etch sessions, the sidewall angle can be controlled over a relatively large range, from 0deg (straight vertical) to 36deg. Tapered sidewalls are useful in microfabrication processes such as metal coating of 3D-structures (e.g. for electrical connections or vias), mold tool fabrication or as a tool to compensate for reentrant etching. The process represents an easy method to tailor the sidewall angle in deep etching of silicon. The etch scheme is run in a single etch system and can be implemented in ICP-systems of most manufactures. The method can also be used in conjunction with the standard Bosch process as demonstrated herein, where the method was applied to compensate for reentrant etching of high out-of-plane mesa-structures.
Biological treatment of the knee with platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrates (2017)

- Knee pathologies including focal cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis (OA), and ligament injuries are common. The poor regeneration and healing potential of cartilage has led to the search for other treatment modalities with improved healing capacity. Furthermore, with an increasing elderly population that desires to remain active, the burden of knee pathologies is expected to increase. Increased sports participation and the desire to return to activities faster is also demanding more effective and minimally invasive treatment options. Thus, the use of biologic agents in the treatment of knee pathologies has emerged as a potential option. Despite the increasing use of biologic agents for knee pathology, there are conflicting results on the efficacy of these products. Furthermore, strong data supporting the optimal preparation methods and composition for widely used biologic agents, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), largely remain absent from the literature. This review presents the literature on the most commonly employed biologic agents for the different knee pathologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridines (3‐Deazapurines) and Their Nucleosides as Immunosuppressive and Antiinflammatory Agents. (1986)

Abstract Die Desazapurine (I) werden synthetisiert.
Cellular senescence and the senescent secretory phenotype in age-related chronic diseases (2014)

Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by a state of chronic, low-grade, 'sterile' inflammation, which is a major contributor to the development of many age-related chronic disorders including atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers, and others. It appears that cellular senescence plays a role in causing inflammation through the SASP. A better understanding of the contribution of senescent cells to the pathologies of chronic inflammatory disorders could have potentially profound diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Strategies against replay attacks (2002)

The goal of the paper is to present a set of design principles for avoiding replay attacks in cryptographic protocols. The principles are easily applied to real protocols and they do not consume excessive computing power or communications bandwidth. In particular we describe how to type-tag messages with unique cryptographic functions, how to inexpensively implement the full information principle with hashes, and how to produce unique session keys without assuming mutual trust between the principals. The techniques do not guarantee security of protocols, but they are concrete ways for improving the robustness of the protocol design with relatively low cost.
Response to inspiratory resistive loading during sleep in normal children and children with obstructive apnea (1999)

The response to inspiratory resistance loading (IRL) of the upper airway during sleep in children is not known. We, therefore, evaluated the arousal responses to IRL during sleep in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) compared with controls. Children with OSAS aroused at a higher load than did controls (23 +/- 8 vs. 15 +/- 7 cmH(2)O. l(-1). s; P < 0.05). Patients with OSAS had higher arousal thresholds during rapid eye movement (REM) vs. non-REM sleep (P < 0.001), whereas normal subjects had lower arousal thresholds during REM (P < 0.005). Ventilatory responses to IRL were evaluated in the controls. There was a marked decrease in tidal volume both immediately (56 +/- 17% of baseline at an IRL of 15 cmH(2)O. l(-1). min; P < 0.001) and after 3 min of IRL (67 +/- 23%, P < 0.005). The duty cycle increased. We conclude that children with OSAS have impaired arousal responses to IRL. Despite compensatory changes in respiratory timing, normal children have a decrease in minute ventilation in response to IRL during sleep. However, arousal occurs before gas-exchange abnormalities.
Bending of Responsive Hydrogel Sheets Guided by Field‐Assembled Microparticle Endoskeleton Structures (2016)

Hydrogel composites that respond to stimuli can form the basis of new classes of biomimetic actuators and soft robotic components. Common latex microspheres can be assembled and patterned by AC electric fields within a soft thermoresponsive hydrogel. The field-oriented particle chains act as endoskeletal structures, which guide the macroscopic bending pattern of the actuators.