gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of fully automated demand response in large facilities (2004)

This report describes the results of a research project to develop and evaluate the performance of new Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR) hardware and software technology in large facilities. Demand Response (DR) is a set of activities to reduce or shift electricity use to improve electric grid reliability, manage electricity costs, and ensure that customers receive signals that encourage load reduction during times when the electric grid is near its capacity. The two main drivers for widespread demand responsiveness are the prevention of future electricity crises and the reduction of electricity prices. Additional goals for price responsiveness include equity through cost of service pricing, and customer control of electricity usage and bills. The technology developed and evaluated in this report could be used to support numerous forms of DR programs and tariffs. For the purpose of this report, we have defined three levels of Demand Response automation. Manual Demand Response involves manually turning off lights or equipment; this can be a labor-intensive approach. Semi-Automated Response involves the use of building energy management control systems for load shedding, where a preprogrammed load shedding strategy is initiated by facilities staff. Fully-Automated Demand Response is initiated at a building or facility through receipt of an external communications signal--facility staff set up a pre-programmed load shedding strategy which is automatically initiated by the system without the need for human intervention. We have defined this approach to be Auto-DR. An important concept in Auto-DR is that a facility manager is able to ''opt out'' or ''override'' an individual DR event if it occurs at a time when the reduction in end-use services is not desirable. This project sought to improve the feasibility and nature of Auto-DR strategies in large facilities. The research focused on technology development, testing, characterization, and evaluation relating to Auto-DR. This evaluation also included the related decisionmaking perspectives of the facility owners and managers. Another goal of this project was to develop and test a real-time signal for automated demand response that provided a common communication infrastructure for diverse facilities. The six facilities recruited for this project were selected from the facilities that received CEC funds for new DR technology during California's 2000-2001 electricity crises (AB970 and SB-5X).
The Beginning of the End of the Beginning in Cancer Genomics (2013)

This is the age of massive genome surveys — at least for a little while longer. Sixty years after Watson and Crick's discovery, and a decade after the completion of the Human Genome Project, large-scale sequencing efforts directed at human disease abound, especially for cancer and rare congenital syndromes.1,2 International research teams supported by public funding agencies such as the National Institutes of Health and by private foundations such as the Wellcome Trust are rapidly enlarging the catalogue of genetic changes associated with neoplasia and other ailments, using ever faster, ever cheaper sequencing methods and heavy-duty bioinformatics.Critics of . . .
L. McAllister, Plaid Cymru: The Emergence of a Political Party, Seren, 2001, 224 pp., pb.  12.95 (2003)

L. McAllister, Plaid Cymru: The Emergence of a Political Party, Seren, 2001, 224 pp., pb. £12.95 Get access Eric Shaw Eric Shaw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 56, Issue 2, 1 April 2003, Pages 377–378, https://doi.org/10.1093/parlij/gsg064 Published: 01 April 2003
High Resolution Photodetachment of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Near Threshold (1970)

A tunable dye laser has been used to measure the fine-structure splitting of the $^{2}P$ state of ${\mathrm{S}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in a crossed-beam photodetachment experiment. These measurements verify photodetachment threshold laws and provide the most accurate experimental determination of any electron affinity.
High Immunogenicity of Intracellular Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Epitopes (2002)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS with associated axonal loss. There is strong evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis driven by myelin-specific T cells. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induces a type of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in animals which is very MS-like since there are demyelinating CNS lesions and axonal loss. This underscores the potential role of MOG in MS pathogenesis. We performed a T cell reactivity pattern analysis of MS patients at the onset of relapse or progression of neurological deficits and controls that were stratified for the genetic risk factor HLA-DRB1*1501. For the first time, we show that there is an HLA-DR-restricted promiscuous dominant epitope for CD4(+) T cells within the transmembrane/intracellular part of MOG comprising aa 146-154 (FLCLQYRLR). Surprisingly, controls had broader T cell reactivity patterns toward MOG peptides compared with MS patients, and the transmembrane and intracellular parts of MOG were much more immunogenic compared with the extracellular part. Measurements of in vitro binding affinities revealed that HLA-DRB1*1501 molecules bound MOG 146-154 with intermediate and HLA-DRB1*0401 molecules with weak affinities. The binding of MOG 146-154 was comparable or better than myelin basic protein 85-99, which is the dominant myelin basic protein epitope in context with HLA-DRB1*1501 molecules in MS patients. This is the first study in which the data underscore the need to investigate the pathogenic or regulatory role of the transmembrane and intracellular part of MOG for MS in more detail.
Diminished curiosity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease as measured by exploratory eye movements (1992)

Clinical accounts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that some patients exhibit markedly diminished curiosity and initiative early in the course of their illness. Such behavioral changes are extremely difficult to measure experimentally. We studied one aspect of curiosity by measuring exploratory eye movements in response to provocative visual stimuli in 12 patients with probable AD and 10 matched controls. Subjects viewed slides, each of which contained an incongruous or irregular figure paired with a congruous or regular one. Unlike controls, who spent significantly more time viewing the incongruous stimuli, AD patients distributed their viewing time equally and spent significantly less time than controls looking at the novel stimuli. Additionally, when presented with picture slides containing an unexpected element, AD patients exhibited diminished visual exploration overall and decreased attention to the incongruous part. Further analyses suggest that the results cannot be adequately explained by a general decline in cognition or by problems with ocular motility or directing visual attention. We conclude that AD patients exhibit diminished curiosity which can be measured by the study of exploratory eye movements.
Thrombin Stimulates Human Endothelial Arginase Enzymatic Activity via RhoA/ROCK Pathway (2004)

Thrombin enhances arginase activity via RhoA/ROCK in human endothelial cells. Higher arginase enzymatic activity is involved in atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction in apoE-/- mice. Targeting vascular arginase may represent a novel therapeutic possibility for atherosclerosis.
The Structure of Periodic Storage Schemes for Parallel Memories (1985)

The use of parallel memories in SIMD machines requires special data mappings, known as ``skewing schemes,'' for storing matrices for the purposes of efficient vector computations. Some schemes have explicitly been implemented in current super-computers. Periodic skewing schemes are of particular interest because they have a regular structure and can be represented by simple formulas. In this paper we show that periodic skewing schemes have an elegant foundation in the mathematical theory of integral lattices and Z-modules, which leads to insightful proofs of a number of general properties of periodic skewing schemes in all dimensions.
<i>In Vivo</i> Protection Provided by a Synthetic New Alpha-Galactosyl Ceramide Analog against Bacterial and Viral Infections in Murine Models (2010)

Alpha-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) has been known to bind to the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which subsequently secrete T-helper-cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, which correlate with anti-infection activity and the prevention of autoimmune diseases, respectively. α-GalCer elicits the secretion of these two cytokines nonselectively, and thus, its effectiveness is limited by the opposing effects of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Reported here is the synthesis of a new α-GalCer analog (compound C34), based on the structure of CD1d, with a 4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenyl undecanoyl modification of the N-acyl moiety of α-GalCer. Using several murine bacterial and viral infection models, we demonstrated that C34 has superior antibacterial and antiviral activities in comparison with those of several other Th1-selective glycolipids and that it is most effective by administering it to mice in a prophylactic manner before or shortly after infection.
The OLAP and data warehousing approaches for analysis and sharing of results from dependability evaluation experiments (2004)

Two important questions on experimental dependability evaluation remain largely unanswered: 1) how to analyze the usually large amount of raw data produced in dependability evaluation experiments and 2) how to compare results from different experiments or results from similar experiments across different systems. These problems are also common to other dependability evaluation techniques such as the ones based on simulation, or even to the analysis of field data on computer faults. We propose the use of data warehousing technologies to store raw results from different experiments/setups in a common multidimensional structure where raw data can be analyzed and shared world wide by means of web-enabled OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) tools. This paper describes how to use the proposed approach in a concrete example of dependability evaluation experiment.
[Levels of tumor markers (orosomucoid, pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein, pregnancy protein-1, placental specific-tissue protein 10, placental specific-tissue protein 12, alpha 1-fetoprotein) in the serum of patients with bronchial carcinoma]. (1986)

Concentration of orosomucoid, pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG), Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1), placental specific-tissue protein 10 (PP10), placental specific-tissue protein 12 (PP12), alpha 1-Fetoprotein (AFP) were estimated in serum samples of 83 patients with lung cancer of stages II-IV. The proteins were determined by means of the single radial immunodiffusion, the rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the radioimmunoassay and the enzymeimmunoassay. Orosomucoid, PP12 and AFP serum concentrations of the cancer group compared with those of the control group, were increased significantly. Orosomucoid (control group: means = 0.828 g/l; s = 0.301; tumour group: mean = 2.16 g/l; s = 0.862); PP12 (control group: mean = 54.08 micrograms/l; s = 61.70; tumour group: mean = 122.52 micrograms/l; s = 131.16); AFP (control group: mean = 3.05 micrograms/l; s = 3.76; Tumour group: means = 8.29 micrograms/l; s = 17.75). alpha 2-PAG was found only in 37 cases of the tumour group; SP1 in 22 cases. PP10 (control group: mean = 2.25 micrograms/l; s = 0.866; tumour group: mean = 2.503 micrograms/l, s = 1.508). On condition that 2 tested parameters at least were estimated in the pathological range the sensitivity amounted to 0.64 and the specificity to 0.92.
History of Operational Use of Weather Radar by U.S. Weather Services. Part I: The Pre-NEXRAD Era (1998)

The first part of a history of the use of storm surveillance radars by operational military and civil weather services in the United States is presented. The history of radar meteorological research is long and distinguished but already well described. Hence, this paper and its companion focus on the history of operational radar meteorology from its birth in World War II through the introduction of the first two operational Doppler weather radars. This part deals with the pre-Next-Generation Weather Radar era. An to this part contains what is known by the authors about the principal technical characteristics of most of the radars discussed in both parts.
Metal chelating systems synthesized using the copper(i) catalyzed azide-alkynecycloaddition (2009)

The copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is the premier example of a click reaction. The reaction is modular, reliable and easy to perform, providing easy access to molecular diversity. The majority of reported applications of the reaction employ the 1,2,3-triazole as a stable linkage to connect two chemical/biological components, while the potential for metal coordination of the heterocycle itself has received much less attention. In fact, 1,4-functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles are versatile ligands offering several donor sites for metal coordination, including N3, N2 and C5. In this article, we summarize the areas in which the CuAAC has been applied to the synthesis of novel triazole-containing ligands for transition metals.
Borehole magnetics navigation: An example from the Stratmat Deposit, Bathurst, New Brunswick (2008)

Information acquired from studies of borehole core or from borehole geophysical logs form an integral part of all mineral and oil exploration programs. Yet, as is the case of any survey, the value of that information is dependent upon how well the location of each observation point is known. Location information becomes especially critical when the resource target has limited depth extent. For example, a location error of 10 m when evaluating a 5-m thick gold vein can make the difference between an economic and noneconomic deposit. The trajectory of a borehole is commonly computed using an array of data points that are acquired progressively with increasing distance along the borehole. Depending on the type of survey employed, observation points may be sparse (static readings at a limited number of points) or redundant (dynamic surveys where the distance between observation points is less than the length of the rigid probe). At each observation point, three parameters are normally acquired: (a) inclination, dip of the borehole relative to horizontal; (b) dip direction, the orientation of the maximum dip direction relative to geographic north; and (c) depth, usually measured as distance along the borehole.
Arterial Wall Stiffness in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1987)

The arterial wall stiffness in the common femoral artery was determined by means of an ultrasound technique in 47 insulin-dependent diabetics and 24 controls aged 20 to 39 years. They were all without vascular symptoms and signs, and were selected in such a way that they were thought to be free of age correlated changes. Furthermore, patients in potential risk groups, as for arterial disease of non-diabetic type, were excluded. The arterial wall stiffness was significantly increased in the diabetic group as compared with a control group. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation to the diabetic duration. Possible pathogenetic reasons are discussed.
THE GENETICS OF A SMALL AUTOSOMAL REGION OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i> CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. III. HYPOMORPHIC AND HYPERMORPHIC MUTATIONS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF HAIRLESS (1982)

A lethal locus (l(2)br7;35B6-10), near Adh on chromosome arm 2L of D. melanogaster, is identified with Plunkett's dominant suppressor of Hairless (H). Of eight new alleles, seven act as dominant suppressors of H, the eighth is a dominant enhancer of H. One of the suppressor alleles is both a leaky lethal and a weak suppressor of H. Confirming Nash (1970), deletions of l(2)br7 are dominant suppressors, and duplications are dominant enhancers of H. A simple model is proposed to account for the interaction of l(2)br7 and H, assuming that amorphic (or hypomorphic) alleles of l(2)br7 suppress H and that hypermorphic alleles enhance H.
Performance of a high‐temperature superconducting probe for in vivo microscopy at 2.0 T (1999)

The use of a high-temperature superconducting probe for in vivo magnetic resonance microscopy at 2 T is described. To evaluate the performance of the probe, a series of SNR comparisons are carried out. The SNR increased by a factor of 3.7 compared with an equivalent copper coil. Quantitative measures of the SNR gain are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. A number of issues that are unique to the application of HTS coils are examined, including the difficulty in obtaining homogenous excitation without degrading the SNR of the probe. The use of the HTS probe in transmit-receive mode is simple to implement but results in nonuniform excitation. The effect of using the probe in this mode of operation on the T1 and T*2 contrast is investigated. Methods for improving homogeneity are explored, such as employing a transmit volume coil. It is found that the cost of using an external transmit coil is an increased probe noise temperature and a reduced SNR by ∼30%. Other important aspects of the probe are considered, including the effect of temperature on probe stability. Three-dimensional in vivo imaging sets are acquired to assess the stability of the probe for long scans. High-resolution images of the rat brain demonstrate the utility of the probe for microscopy applications. Magn Reson Med 41:72-79, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Disperse and preserve the perverse: computing how hip-hop censorship changed popular music genres in China (2021)

How do political interventions reshape genre boundaries? Previous studies on genres only tangentially touch on this question as they mostly focus on the artistic, economic, or critical consequences of genre spanning. This paper fills in this gap by exploring the impact of music censorship on the censored genre and other related genres. Using an original dataset of 53,364 songs released on a Chinese online music platform, I study how Hip-Hop censorship in China in 2018 impacted Hip-Hop as well as Pop, Rock, and Folk songs in terms of how they sound and what topics are engaged in the lyrics. I propose a novel, computational approach to measure sound similarities between songs by using Music Information Retrieval (MIR) algorithms which synthesize audio signal processing and neural networks. I also measure the change of topic prevalence in song lyrics by using topic models supplemented with a dictionary approach. I found that post-censorship Hip-Hop songs sound significantly different from pre-censorship ones, with a bigger impact on the high-profile songs. Moreover, Rock, as a close genre to Hip-Hop, became more “Hip-Hoppy”, while Pop, a mixed category that reflects trending genres, became less “Hip-Hoppy”; the impact on these two genres is more salient among their low-profile songs. Folk, a genre distanced from Hip-Hop, remained generally untouched. The censorship also made Hip-Hop musicians engage less with topics related to violence and deviant behaviors but more with sexual terms, albeit in a covered form and not necessarily related to sexual conduct per se. The findings suggest a dispersion model in explaining the outcome of political interventions in genres, where stylistic conventions of the censored genre are dispersed from salient works of that genre to less influential ones as well as to adjacent genres.
Understanding diagnostic tests – Part 3: Receiver operating characteristic curves (2018)

In the previous two articles in this series on biostatistics, we examined the properties of diagnostic tests and various measures of their performance in clinical practice. These performance measures vary according to the cutoff used to distinguish the diseased and the healthy. We conclude the series on diagnostic tests by looking at receiver operating characteristic curves, a technique to assess the performance of a test across several different cutoffs, and discuss how to determine an optimum cutoff.
An Efficient EAP-Based Pre-Authentication for Inter-WRAN Handover in TV White Space (2017)

The IEEE 802.22 standard regulates wireless regional area network (WRAN) operating at the very high frequency and ultrahigh frequency television white space (TVWS) bands. WRAN supports extensible authentication protocol (EAP)-based authentication schemes. However, due to its public key cryptography operations, a full EAP-based authentication scheme is time-consuming, which is unacceptable for the WRAN handover process. In this paper, an efficient EAP-based pre-authentication scheme for inter-WRAN handovers (EPW) in TVWS is proposed. By applying the proposed pre-authentication scheme, the customer premises equipment and the target secondary user base station can accomplish a seamless handover using symmetric key. Through logic derivation by Burrows, Abadi, and Needham logic and formal verification by automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications, we conclude that the proposed EPW scheme can obtain mutual authentication and maintain key secrecy with a high resistance to attack. Additionally, the performance of the EPW scheme has been investigated by simulation experiments. The results show that the EPW scheme provides a lower computation delay than that mandated by the security scheme regulation of the IEEE 802.22 standard.
Transient receptor potential ion channels V4 and A1 contribute to pancreatitis pain in mice (2010)

The mechanisms of pancreatic pain, a cardinal symptom of pancreatitis, are unknown. Proinflammatory agents that activate transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in nociceptive neurons can cause neurogenic inflammation and pain. We report a major role for TRPV4, which detects osmotic pressure and arachidonic acid metabolites, and TRPA1, which responds to 4-hydroxynonenal and cyclopentenone prostaglandins, in pancreatic inflammation and pain in mice. Immunoreactive TRPV4 and TRPA1 were detected in pancreatic nerve fibers and in dorsal root ganglia neurons innervating the pancreas, which were identified by retrograde tracing. Agonists of TRPV4 and TRPA1 increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in these neurons in culture, and neurons also responded to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and are thus nociceptors. Intraductal injection of TRPV4 and TRPA1 agonists increased c-Fos expression in spinal neurons, indicative of nociceptor activation, and intraductal TRPA1 agonists also caused pancreatic inflammation. The effects of TRPV4 and TRPA1 agonists on [Ca(2+)](i), pain and inflammation were markedly diminished or abolished in trpv4 and trpa1 knockout mice. The secretagogue cerulein induced pancreatitis, c-Fos expression in spinal neurons, and pain behavior in wild-type mice. Deletion of trpv4 or trpa1 suppressed c-Fos expression and pain behavior, and deletion of trpa1 attenuated pancreatitis. Thus TRPV4 and TRPA1 contribute to pancreatic pain, and TRPA1 also mediates pancreatic inflammation. Our results provide new information about the contributions of TRPV4 and TRPA1 to inflammatory pain and suggest that channel antagonists are an effective therapy for pancreatitis, when multiple proinflammatory agents are generated that can activate and sensitize these channels.