gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kiva and the Birth of Person-to-Person Microfinance (2007)

I started Kiva in 2005 with my wife, Jessica.Kiva is an online lending platform that allows individuals in the developed world to loan to small business people in the developing world.Kiva operates in the microfinance space and works with a growing network of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in more than thirty countries.Our MFI partners post the profiles of their loan applicants to the website.Internet users in the United States, Canada, Europe, and beyond make small loans via PayPal to these businesses.The businesses pay the lenders back over a period of about a year.Since starting, Kiva lenders have funded $6 million in loans this way.In its first year, the site featured a spinach farmer in Cambodia, a hot dog stand man in Nicaragua, a carpenter in Gaza, a bee keeper in Ghana, and a fish seller in Uganda.Behind each of these businesses lies a story.(See Textbox 1.)Each is unique, but patterns emerge-patterns that get us closer to understanding what it means to be in poverty and the difficult process of trying to escape.These stories are at the heart of Kiva's goal and strategy: the human connections we build between lenders and borrowers have brought new lenders to the microfinance movement, and foster in them a new awareness and connection to the people who briefly use their money.By telling stories, we allow MFIs that lack access to capital markets to efficiently raise money and serve more clients.This case tells the story of Kiva-how Jessica and I came to the decision to create Kiva, what the effort involved, and our progress to date.We had no idea what we were getting into. BEGINNINGSWhen Jessica and I got engaged in early 2003, I had a job writing software and doing some design at TiVo.Many of my friends who had graduated from Stanford with me had struggled to find work in the depressed tech market, so I knew I was lucky to have a job.Still, I spent a good deal of my time dreaming up new business ideas.I'm the kind of person who always has a new idea, and is always talking Matt Flannery
A [<sup>11</sup>C]Ro15 4513 PET study suggests that alcohol dependence in man is associated with reduced α5 benzodiazepine receptors in limbic regions (2010)

Preclinical evidence suggests the α5 subtype of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor is involved in some of the actions of alcohol and in memory. The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [(11)C]Ro15 4513 shows relative selectivity in labelling the α5 subtype over the other GABA-benzodiazepine receptor subtypes in limbic regions of the brain. We used this tracer to investigate the distribution of α5 subtype availability in human alcohol dependence and its relationship to clinical variables. Abstinent (>6 weeks) alcohol-dependent men and healthy male controls underwent an [(11)C]Ro15 4513 PET scan. We report [(11)C]Ro15 4513 brain uptake for 8 alcohol-dependent men and 11 healthy controls. We found a significant reduction in [(11)C]Ro15 4513 binding in the nucleus accumbens, parahippocampal gyri, right hippocampus and amygdala in the alcohol-dependent compared with the healthy control group. Levels of [(11)C]Ro15 4513 binding in both hippocampi were significantly and positively associated with performance on a delayed verbal memory task in the alcohol-dependent but not the control group. We speculate that the reduced limbic [(11)C]Ro15 4513 binding seen here results from the effects of alcohol, though we cannot currently distinguish whether they are compensatory in nature or evidence of brain toxicity.
A new approach to rotor position estimation for a PM brushless motor drive (2002)

The paper presents a new technique for sensorless control of brushless permanent magnet motors. The technique relies on estimating rotor position from motor terminal voltage and current information. The technique avoids signal differentiation and integration, and their associated problems of noise amplification and drift, respectively. This simplifies implementation considerably. The paper presents the equations used to develop the technique. It also presents experimental results on the implementation and performance of the technique.
The tracker (1979)

The query programs of certain databases report raw statistics for query sets, which are groups of records specified implicitly by a characteristic formula. The raw statistics include query set size and sums of powers of values in the query set. Many users and designers believe that the individual records will remain confidential as long as query programs refuse to report the statistics of query sets which are too small. It is shown that the compromise of small query sets can in fact almost always be accomplished with the help of characteristic formulas called trackers. Schlörer's individual tracker is reviewed; it is derived from known characteristics of a given individual and permits deducing additional characteristics he may have. The general tracker is introduced: It permits calculating statistics for arbitrary query sets, without requiring preknowledge of anything in the database. General trackers always exist if there are enough distinguishable classes of individuals in the database, in which case the trackers have a simple form. Almost all databases have a general tracker, and general trackers are almost always easy to find. Security is not guaranteed by the lack of a general tracker.
The influence of reactive modification on the compatibility of polyolefins with non-olefinic thermoplastics (2011)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Protective immunity induced in Aotus monkeys by recombinant SERA proteins of Plasmodium falciparum (1991)

We describe the vaccination of Panamanian monkeys (Aotus sp.) with two recombinant blood stage antigens that each contain a portion of the N-terminal region of the SERA (serine repeat antigen) protein of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We immunized with either a 262-amino-acid SERA fragment (SERA I) that contains amino acids 24 to 285 of the 989-amino-acid protein or a 483-amino-acid SERA fragment (SERA N) that contains amino acids 24 to 506 as part of a fusion protein with human gamma interferon. The recombinant proteins were shown to stimulate protective immunity when administered with complete and incomplete Freund adjuvant. Four of six immunized monkeys challenged by intravenous inoculation with blood stage P. falciparum developed parasitemias that were reduced by at least 1,000-fold. Two of six immunized monkeys developed parasitemias which were comparable to the lowest parasitemia in one of four controls and were 50- to 1,000-fold lower than in the other three controls.
Collagen‐platelet rich plasma hydrogel enhances primary repair of the porcine anterior cruciate ligament (2006)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fails to heal after suture repair. One hypothesis for this failure is the premature loss of the fibrin clot, or provisional scaffolding, between the two ligament ends in the joint environment. To test this hypothesis, a substitute provisional scaffold of collagen-platelet rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel was used to fill the ACL wound site at the time of suture repair and the structural properties of the healing ACLs evaluated 4 weeks after surgery. Bilateral ACL transections were performed in five 30-kg Yorkshire pigs and treated with suture repair. In each animal, one of the repairs was augmented with placement of a collagen-PRP hydrogel at the ACL transection site, while the contralateral knee had suture repair alone. In addition, six control knees with intact ACLs from three additional animals were used as a control group. No postoperative immobilization was used. After 4 weeks the animals underwent in vivo magnetic resonance imaging to assess the size of the healing ACL, followed by biomechanical testing to determine tensile properties. The supplementation of suture repair with a collagen-PRP hydrogel resulted in significant improvements in load at yield, maximum load, and linear stiffness at 4 weeks. We conclude that use of a stabilized provisional scaffold, such as a collagen-PRP hydrogel, to supplement primary repair of the ACL can result in improved biomechanical properties at an early time point. Further studies to determine the long-term effect of primary repair enhancement are needed.
Recent advances in tumor vasculature targeting using liposomal drug delivery systems (2009)

Tumor vessels possess unique physiological features that might be exploited for improved drug delivery. The targeting of liposomal anticancer drugs to tumor vasculature is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to obtain superior therapeutic efficacy with limited host toxicity compared with conventional treatments. This review introduces recent advances in the field of liposomal targeting of tumor vasculature, along with new approaches that can be used in the design and optimization of liposomal delivery systems. In addition, cationic liposome is focused on as a promising carrier for achieving efficient vascular targeting. The clinical implications are discussed of several approaches using a single liposomal anticancer drug formulation: dual targeting, vascular targeting (targeting tumor endothelial cells) and tumor targeting (targeting tumor cells).
APOCALIPSIS NARCISISTA Y AUTENTICIDAD EN EL CINE POSMODERNO (2009)

Con este articulo queremos mostrar como la categoria del narcisismo aplicada a la critica cultural genera una serie de problemas conceptuales que la alejan del realismo. Sin embargo, dicha aplicacion encarna un intento teorico de describir un fenomeno cultural que realmente esta teniendo lugar en nuestros dias. Por eso nos interesa explorar la capacidad explicativa del concepto de autenticidad utilizado por el filosofo Charles Taylor, ya que parece dar razon de nuestra situacion, reconociendo el problema cultural que se plantea, a la vez que evitando las contradicciones derivadas de asumir el modelo inmanentista freudiano, que nos llevarian a una afirmacion de ineluctable apocalipsis que, creemos, no describe la situacion actual.
GPS Surveys within Falls Creek: Implementation and Processing for Aerial Photography (2010)

This paper details GPS surveys undertaken in Falls Creek Ski Resort for a research project. Static, rapid-static and RTK GPS surveys were undertaken to establish a framework of accurate positional points with in the study area. Campaigns involved control surveys, coordination of photo control and elevation profiles, utilising the different GPS positioning techniques listed. The logistical problems of coordinating survey marks in areas of sparse survey control, deploying photo control targets over snow for image acquisition are discussed. The imagery acquired, in both winter (snow cover) and spring (no-snow cover), was later used to create surface models. The required positional accuracies resulting from the GPS surveys, for the photogrammetric validation purposes, were &lt;20 mm for both Easting and Northing (MGA94, Zone 55), and &lt;50 mm for elevation (AHD). The required post-processing and the results of rigorous network adjustment are also detailed. GPS static data was network adjusted from simultaneous state-wide GPSnet data using MGA94 coordinates derived from the ARGN. Network adjustments were required to obtain the best possible coordinates for control marks and photo control targets. Ausgeiod98 was used to model AHD elevations since no AHD benchmark was available. Network adjusted control marks agreed well with independent checks obtained from the online AUSPOS GPS data processing service. All network adjustment residuals satisfied the required accuracies.
Definitions of Object Identifiers for Identifying Ethernet Chip Sets (1999)

This memo defines OBJECT IDENTIFIER values for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.In particular, it contains registered OID values for use with the dot3StatsEtherChipSet object in the EtherLike-MIB [16].These registrations have been split from [16] into a separate document for maintenance purposes.Table of Contents 1. Introduction .....
Combination anti‐inflammatory and antiviral therapy of influenza in a cotton rat model (2003)

The cotton rat was evaluated as a model for anti-inflammatory and antiviral influenza therapy. Beginning 3 days after intranasal infection with 10(7) tissue culture infectious doses-50% (TCID)(50) of an H3N2 human influenza, animals were treated topically via intranasal lavage with a range of doses of triamcinolone acetonide (1, 4, or 16 mg/kg), alone or in combination with a neuraminidase inhibitor or anti-influenza convalescent serum. Pulmonary histopathologic changes were dramatically decreased in animals treated with 4 or 16 mg/kg of triamcinolone, with little additional benefit from addition of a neuraminidase inhibitor or topical serum, agents which were much less effective when used alone. A high degree of suppression of IFN-gamma levels was observed in all combinations where 4 or 16 mg/kg of triamcinolone were used. Viral replication was not prolonged by corticosteroid therapy. Tissue damage during influenza infection may be greatly reduced by combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy.
[Postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions]. (1993)

Almost any surgical procedure in the abdomen inevitably produces adhesions. During this century a large number of papers have been published on this subject. A great amount of experimental studies have been carried out, and a lot of laboratory animals have been sacrificed, in order to find preventive measures against adhesions. A general agreement exists concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of adhesions, but currently no methods have been found to prevent adhesions which could be proven by controlled clinical trials. However, recent animal studies have given rise to a certain optimism. In these experimental models adhesions could effectively be prevented by topical tissue plasminogen activator without side effects. The use of the gastrointestinal prokinetic agent Cisaprid and free radical scavengers have also shown positive results. Intestinal or mesenterial plication procedures, described in several case control studies, might have a place in the treatment of intestinal obstruction due to extensive adhesions under certain circumstances.
Deep convolutional neural network for classifying Fusarium wilt of radish from unmanned aerial vehicles (2017)

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained much attention. In particular, there is a growing interest in utilizing UAVs for agricultural applications such as crop monitoring and management. We propose a computerized system that is capable of detecting Fusarium wilt of radish with high accuracy. The system adopts computer vision and machine learning techniques, including deep learning, to process the images captured by UAVs at low altitudes and to identify the infected radish. The whole radish field is first segmented into three distinctive regions (radish, bare ground, and mulching film) via a softmax classifier and K-means clustering. Then, the identified radish regions are further classified into healthy radish and Fusarium wilt of radish using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). In identifying radish, bare ground, and mulching film from a radish field, we achieved an accuracy of ≥97.4%. In detecting Fusarium wilt of radish, the CNN obtained an accuracy of 93.3%. It also outperformed the standard machine learning algorithm, obtaining 82.9% accuracy. Therefore, UAVs equipped with computational techniques are promising tools for improving the quality and efficiency of agriculture today.
Generalized methodology for the comparison of diagnostic imaging instrumentation (1980)

Technology is providing exciting new ways to diagnose and characterize disease in a non-invasive manner. The decrease in morbidity and mortality that is realized by substituting pneumoencephalography and cerebral angiography by x-ray computed tomography (CT) and brain radionuclide imaging, or coronary angiography by radionuclide ventriculography and perfusion studies, cannot be easily quantitated by costeffectiveness studies. The dollar value of peace of mind, patient dignity and comfort, avoidance of blindness or loss of limb, stroke, etc., cannot be derived from system analysis.
Antiviral effects of 3'-fluorothymidine and 3'-azidothymidine in cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. (1991)

An acute infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVSM) in cynomolgus monkeys was used to evaluate the antiviral effects of 3'-fluorothymidine (FLT) and 3'-azidothymidine [zidovudine (ZDV)]. Neither compound prevented the infection despite dosing prior to virus inoculation. FLT was about ten times more potent than ZDV in delaying the appearance of SIVSM antigen in the monkeys. The serum half-life of FLT was longer than that of ZDV and ZDV was bound to plasma proteins to about 60% while FLT was virtually unbound. It is proposed that the in vivo difference in potency between ZDV and FLT could, at least partly, be explained as the combined effects of a longer plasma half-life and a higher free concentration of FLT and possibly a higher intracellular concentration of the triphosphate of FLT.
Application of the wavelet transform for pitch detection of speech signals (1992)

An event-detection pitch detector based on the dyadic wavelet transform is described. The proposed pitch detector is suitable for both low-pitched and high-pitched speakers and is robust to noise. Examples are provided that demonstrate the superior performance of the pitch detector in comparison with classical pitch detectors that use the autocorrelation and the cepstrum methods to estimate the pitch period.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A modular synthesis of tetracyclic meroterpenoid antibiotics (2017)

Stachyflin, aureol, smenoqualone, strongylin A, and cyclosmenospongine belong to a family of tetracyclic meroterpenoids, which, by nature of their unique molecular structures and various biological properties, have attracted synthetic and medicinal chemists alike. Despite their obvious biosynthetic relationship, only scattered reports on the synthesis and biological investigation of individual meroterpenoids have appeared so far. Herein, we report a highly modular synthetic strategy that enabled the synthesis of each of these natural products and 15 non-natural derivatives. The route employs an auxiliary-controlled Diels-Alder reaction to enable the enantioselective construction of the decalin subunit, which is connected to variously substituted arenes by either carbonyl addition chemistry or sterically demanding sp<sup>2</sup>-sp<sup>3</sup> cross-coupling reactions. The selective installation of either the cis- or trans-decalin stereochemistry is accomplished by an acid-mediated cyclization/isomerization reaction. Biological profiling reveals that strongylin A and a simplified derivative thereof have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
A discrete multitone transceiver system for HDSL applications (1991)

A discrete multitone (DMT) transceiver design for high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) access is presented and analyzed. The DMT transmitter and receiver structure and algorithms are detailed, and the computational requirements of DMT for HDSL are estimated. At a sampling rate of 640 kHz, using an appropriate combination of a short finite-impulse-response (FIR) equalizer and a length-512 DMT system, 1.6 Mb/s data transmission is possible within the carrier serving area (CSA) at an error rate of 10/sup -7/ on a single twisted pair. A significant performance margin can be achieved when two coordinated twisted pairs are used to deliver a total data rate of 1.6 Mb/s. In terms of a performance-per-computation figure of merit, the DMT system is an excellent candidate for HDSL implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Somatic <i>STAT3</i> Mutations in Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (2012)

The SH2 dimerization and activation domain of STAT3 is frequently mutated in patients with large granular lymphocytic leukemia; these findings suggest that aberrant STAT3 signaling underlies the pathogenesis of this disease. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.).
Femoroplasty – augmentation of the proximal femur with a composite bone cement – feasibility, biomechanical properties and osteosynthesis potential (2006)

Augmentation of the proximal femur with composite bone cement could be of use in prophylaxis of fractures in osteoporotic femurs. Osteosynthesis of the fractured augmented bones is a challenging procedure but has a good chance to restore strength.
Cytotoxic Activity of Tivantinib (ARQ 197) Is Not Due Solely to c-MET Inhibition (2013)

The receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET is the high-affinity receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The HGF/c-MET axis is often dysregulated in tumors. c-MET activation can be caused by MET gene amplification, activating mutations, and auto- or paracrine mechanisms. Thus, c-MET inhibitors are under development as anticancer drugs. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) was reported as a small-molecule c-MET inhibitor and early clinical studies suggest antitumor activity. To assess whether the antitumor activity of tivantinib was due to inhibition of c-MET, we compared the activity of tivantinib with other c-MET inhibitors in both c-MET-addicted and nonaddicted cancer cells. As expected, other c-MET inhibitors, crizotinib and PHA-665752, suppressed the growth of c-MET-addicted cancers, but not the growth of cancers that are not addicted to c-MET. In contrast, tivantinib inhibited cell viability with similar potency in both c-MET-addicted and nonaddicted cells. These results suggest that tivantinib exhibits its antitumor activity in a manner independent of c-MET status. Tivantinib treatment induced a G(2)-M cell-cycle arrest in EBC1 cells similarly to vincristine treatment, whereas PHA-665752 or crizotinib treatment markedly induced G(0)-G(1) cell-cycle arrest. To identify the additional molecular target of tivantinib, we conducted COMPARE analysis, an in silico screening of a database of drug sensitivities across 39 cancer cell lines (JFCR39), and identified microtubule as a target of tivantinib. Tivantinib-treated cells showed typical microtubule disruption similar to vincristine and inhibited microtubule assembly in vitro. These results suggest that tivantinib inhibits microtubule polymerization in addition to inhibiting c-MET.
A comparative study of platelet-rich plasma, hydroxyapatite, demineralized bone matrix and autologous bone to promote bone regeneration after mandibular impacted third molar extraction. (2010)

According to the results of our study, autologous bone persists as the gold standard material for bone regeneration. Among the assessed biomaterials, demineralized bone matrix has yielded the best results obtained. No significant differences in the postoperative (pain, swelling, trismus and infectious events) were observed, depending on the type of material used as a graft.
Channel coding strategies for cellular radio (1995)

To improve re-use of time/frequency slots in a cellular radio system, it is desirable for the average interference levels seen by all users to be made approximately equal. The authors provide constructions based on orthogonal latin squares that guarantee different sets of users will interfere in successive slots. When signal to interference ratios are independent from successive symbols, channel codes can provide a large diversity gain which is far in excess of the gain against additive noise. Consequently, coding with interleaving fits together very naturally with this construction. The authors illustrate how to achieve large performance improvement using convolutional codes with low decoding delay in a slow hopped system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>