gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current-Source Converter and Cycloconverter Topologies for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper, along with an earlier published paper as Part 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art of high-power converters (above 1 MW) for adjustable-speed ac drives. In this highly active area, different converter topologies have been developed for various drive applications in the industry. Due to its extensive coverage, the subject is divided into two parts: multilevel voltage source and current source converter topologies. This paper is focused on the second part and covers the current source converter technologies, including pulsewidth-modulated current-source inverters (CSIs) and load-commutated inverters. In addition, this paper also addresses the present status of the direct converter, which is also known as cycloconverter (CCV). This paper focuses on the latest CSI and CCV technologies and an overview of the commonly used modulation schemes. It also provides the latest technological advances and future trends in CSI- and CCV-fed large drives. This paper serves as a useful reference for academic researchers and practicing engineers in the field of power converters and adjustable-speed drives. </para>
[mono[125I]iodo-Tyr10,MetO17]-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Preparation, characterization, and use for radioimmunoassay and receptor binding. (1986)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was labeled with sodium [125I]iodide using the chloramine-T method and subsequently purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Three main 125I-labeled peaks designated A, B, and C resulted from the radioiodination and purification procedures. They were characterized by electrophoresis of tryptic fragments; Edman degradation (for Peaks A and C); enzymatic digestion to amino acids by leucine aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase Y and Pronase; and treatment with cyanogen bromide. Peak A corresponds to VIP monoiodinated on Tyr10 and with the Met17 residue oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. This [mono[125I]iodo-Tyr10,MetO17]VIP displays the following characteristics. 1) It constitutes quantitatively the major product of the iodination procedure (62.5%); 2) it is well resolved from other labeled and unlabeled products; 3) it is stable (2 months at -20 degrees C); 4) it possesses a high specific activity (2050 Ci/mmol); 5) it maintains the biological activity of native VIP; and 6) it binds to antibody and membrane recognition sites in a specific, saturable, and reversible manner. Reduction of [mono[125I]iodo-Tyr10, Met-O17]VIP to [mono[125I]iodo-Tyr10]VIP does not improve the performance of the tracer in a radioimmunoassay. The method described in this article is simple and rapid and yields a molecular form of 125I-labeled VIP that has been fully characterized and is suitable for use in biological studies.
Precise Characterization of Human Histones in the H2A Gene Family by Top Down Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Top Down analysis revealed that at least fourteen genes encoding histone H2A are coexpressed in HeLa cells. Characterization of these species revealed that all except H2A.Z and H2A.F/Z were alpha-N-acetylated, H2A.O and H2A.C,D,I,N,P were the most abundant, and those exceeding approximately 10% abundance lacked post-translational modifications. This unequivocal identification of H2A forms illustrates the advantages of Top Down Mass Spectrometry and provides a global perspective of H2A regulation through the cell cycle.
Dual mode antimony electrode for simultaneous measurements of PO<sub>2</sub> and pH (2000)

Both the oxygen and pH part of the composite electrode signal can be identified by this dual mode technique (A and P). The sensor seems to be promising as it provides measurements of two separate variables (oxygen and pH) and also has the desirable characteristics of a solid state sensor.
Physicochemical studies of the structure and stability of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. (1996)

This short review highlights some areas in which spectroscopic methods have been applied to monitor the structure and stability of both the carbohydrate and protein moieties of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, such as those now in widespread clinical use for protection against Haemophilus influenzae infection.
Translational Control of Protein Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus (1975)

The calculated in vivo polypeptide chain growth rate for Staphylococcus auteus MF-31 grown in nutritionally rich medium assuming all the ribosomes were functional was found to be approximately 16 amino acids/s/ribosome, but decreased to 10.2 amino acids/s/ribosome for cells grown in poor medium. An in vitro analysis revealed that 70S ribosomes isolated from rich medium cells were more active than similar 70S ribosomes derived from cells grown in poor medium. The 30S subunit was found responsible for the increased activity of the rich monosomes, whereas the 50S subunit appeared to be capable of either high or low activity.
Low Temperature Sintering of Silicon Carbide through a Liquid Polymer Precursor (2014)

There exists a need for a more developed and advanced cladding material for operational nuclear reactors. The current cladding, a Zirconium-alloy, is quickly approaching the pinnacle of its ability to handle the increasing fuel load demands. Also, as evidenced by the incident at Fukushima, it reacted violently with water steam at high temperatures, which created hydrogen gas and lead to subsequent explosions. Therefore, the material leading the investigation to replace the alloy is silicon carbide. Silicon carbide has been processed and manufactured through several techniques; however, this study focuses on the development of silicon carbide through the use of the polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) technique. This technique utilizes a polymer precursor, AHPCS, in accordance with low temperature sintering to enhance the density of silicon carbide. This procedure is environmentally friendly and makes use of low temperature and pressure processing parameters. The density achieved through this study was found to be 95 percent of fully dense silicon carbide. In an effort to enhance sintering and further increase density, nickel nanoparticles were added to the polymer precursor in two different proportions, 5 and 10 weight percent. The obtained densities were 96 and 97 percent, respectively. Hardness values were also obtained for the pure silicon carbide sample, 5 and 10 weight percent nickel samples. They were 2600, 2700 and 2730 HV, respectively. In addition to the recorded densities and hardness values, scanning electron and optical microscopy images were also utilized to properly characterize the samples. From the images obtained through these instruments, it is seen that the samples appear quite dense with minimal open pores. Lastly, x-ray diffraction patterns were recorded to appropriately characterize the phase of each sample and assess any additional product formation with the addition of the nickel nanoparticles. It is apparent that the pure silicon carbide samples are crystalline in phase from the XRD examination. As for the nickel added samples, there appears to be a formation of nickel carbide. The obtained results are a promising outlook on the advancement of silicon carbide as a potential cladding material for operational nuclear reactors.
Know your triplex mud pump - 6. pulsation dampeners improve performance (1982)

Triplex pump flow naturally fluctuates due to the cyclic nature of the pump and other factors inherent in the system. Flow deficiency at the suction can lead to fluid separation and knock, and at both the suction and discharge, unsteady flow can lead to vibration and increased wear. Dampeners can steady these input and output fluctuations in flow and pressure to acceptable levels.
Ultrasonic Arteriography (1971)

A new ultrasonic technique for arterial visualization has been developed in our laboratory. The method produces images of arteries which are comparable with those obtained by roentgenographic means. Thus far, we have visualized the carotid arteries, arch of the aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac artery, and the femoral and popliteal vessels. The method has some advantages over x-ray angiography in that it is completely free of risk and discomfort, is cheaper, and provides views that are unobtainable by any other means.
Zinc Immobilization and Magnetite Formation via Ferric Oxide Reduction by <i>Shewanella</i> <i>putrefaciens</i> 200 (1999)

Long-term batch experiments in an artificial groundwater medium indicated that microbial reduction of synthetic, high-surface-area goethite and lepidocrocite by Shewanella putrefaciens 200 can act to immobilize surface-associated zinc into a new mineral phase that is not soluble in 0.5 M HCl. While Zn was incorporated in siderite grains in experiments with goethite, additional Zn immobilization may result from incorporation into as yet unidentified biogenic minerals or into a more crystalline goethite. Experiments with an oxide mixture primarily composed of lepidocrocite resulted in the production of magnetite, biphasic im mobilization of Zn, and an enhanced overall degree of Zn immobilization. When NO3- was present as an alternate electron acceptor, microbial production of Fe(II) was inhibited, and the degree of Zn immobilization was subsequently reduced. These data indicate that (i) biologically induced mineralization can play a key role in the cycling of trace elements in natural systems, (ii) the nature of the oxide surface plays an important role in biologically induced mineralization, and (iii) conditions associated with Fe(II) production are necessary for these processes to immobilize surface-bound Zn within these new mineral phases.
Identification of a novel P450 expressed in rat lung: cDNA cloning and sequence, chromosome mapping, and induction by 3-methylcholanthrene (1989)

A novel P450 cDNA was isolated from a rat lung lambda gt11 library by hybridization with the rat P450 IIB1 cDNA probe. The cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence of this clone was 71% and 73% similar to rat IIA1 and IIA2 P450s; it was, therefore, designated IIA3 as the third member of the rat IIA subfamily. IIA3 demonstrates only 55% amino acid similarity with IIB1. Interestingly, this P450 also shared 85% and 94% amino acid similarities with human IIA3 and a mouse testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase P450, respectively, indicating that these P450s are orthologous counterparts to rat IIA3. Chromosome mapping, using mouse-hamster somatic cell hybrids, revealed that the IIA3 gene is localized on mouse chromosome 7. The IIA3 mRNA was detected in rat lung, and its level was induced 3-fold by treatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene. No IIA3 mRNA was seen in the liver, kidney, or intestine, even after long exposure of Northern blot filters to X-ray film. In contrast, the orthologous mouse and human IIA3 genes are expressed in liver.
Block ionomer complex micelles with cross-linked cores for drug delivery (2009)

Soft polymeric nanomaterials were synthesized by template-assisted method involving condensation of the poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polycarboxylate anions by metal ions into core-shell block ionomer complex micelles followed by chemical cross-linking of the polyion chains in the micelle cores. The resulting materials represent nanogels and are capable of swelling in a pH-dependent manner. The structural determinants that guide the self-assembly of the initial micelle templates and the swelling behavior of the cross-linked micelles include the block ionomer structure, the chemical nature of metal ions, the structure of the cross-links and the degree of cross-linking. The application of these materials for loading and release of a drug, cisplatin, is evaluated. These cross-linked block ionomer micelles have promise for delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
The direct synthesis of ammonia: A lecture table experiment (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe direct synthesis of ammonia: A lecture table experimentAlfred T. Larson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1925, 2, 4, 285Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1925Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1925Published inissue 1 April 1925https://doi.org/10.1021/ed002p285RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Research on Torque Optimization of Biped Wall Climbing Robot Based on Genetic Algorithm (2017)

At present, methods guaranteeing reliable adsorption of biped wall climbing robot can be divided into two types: structural innovation design and improved control strategy, however, there are some problems such as increasing volume, energy consumption and limited scope of application. Aiming at the reliable adsorption problem of biped wall climbing robot, a torque optimization method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the adsorption load and the reliability index, the adsorption reliability and the compliance index are taken into account and the genetic algorithm is used to get the global optimization solutions so as to achieve comprehensive optimization. The simulation and analysis of the proposed method are carried out, and the prototype experiments are conducted in the simulated environment of vertical steel wall in the lab. The results show that the method is effective for improving the adsorption reliability of biped wall-climbing robot.
Measurement of cytosolic free magnesium ion concentration by fluorine-19 NMR (1988)

Fluorinated derivatives of the chelator o-aminophenol-N,N,O-triacetic acid (APTRA) have been developed, synthesized, and analyzed for use as 19F NMR indicators of free cytosolic magnesium concentration. Magnesium dissociation constants for the 4-fluoro, 5-fluoro, and 4-methyl-5-fluoro species were determined to be 3.1, 0.9, and 0.6 mM, respectively, on the basis of UV absorption measurements at 37 degrees C in 115 mM KCl and 20 mM NaCl, pH 7.1, buffered with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid-tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. The corresponding pK values, which reflect protonation of the nitrogen atom, were determined by 19F NMR to be 4.15, 5.45, and 5.55, respectively, so that the chelators are insensitive to pH variations near the normal physiological range. The dissociation constants of these chelators for calcium ions are lower than those for magnesium but roughly 2-3 orders of magnitude above typical basal cytosolic free calcium levels, so that calcium ions will not interfere with the determinations of magnesium levels. 19F NMR studies carried out at 339.7 MHz indicate that magnesium ions are in slow exchange with the 5-fluoro and 4-methyl-5-fluoro APTRA derivatives and in fast exchange with the 4-fluoro APTRA derivative. In contrast, calcium ions were found to be in intermediate to fast exchange with all chelators. The apparent anomaly of higher thermodynamic stability of the APTRA complexes for calcium relative to magnesium but lower kinetic stability (higher k-1 values) for the calcium complexes reflects the very different association rates for the two ions. Thus, the magnesium association rates are 3 orders of magnitude slower than those for calcium ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
One-heater flow-through polymerase chain reaction device by heat pipes cooling (2015)

This study describes a novel microfluidic reactor capable of flow-through polymerase chain reactions (PCR). For one-heater PCR devices in previous studies, comprehensive simulations and experiments for the chip geometry and the heater arrangement were usually needed before the fabrication of the device. In order to improve the flexibility of the one-heater PCR device, two heat pipes with one fan are used to create the requisite temperature regions in our device. With the integration of one heater onto the chip, the high temperature required for the denaturation stage can be generated at the chip center. By arranging the heat pipes on the opposite sides of the chip, the low temperature needed for the annealing stage is easy to regulate. Numerical calculations and thermal measurements have shown that the temperature distribution in the five-temperature-region PCR chip would be suitable for DNA amplification. In order to ensure temperature uniformity at specific reaction regions, the Re of the sample flow is less than 1. When the microchannel width increases and then decreases gradually between the denaturation and annealing regions, the extension region located in the enlarged part of the channel can be observed numerically and experimentally. From the simulations, the residence time at the extension region with the enlarged channel is 4.25 times longer than that without an enlarged channel at a flow rate of 2 μl/min. The treated surfaces of the flow-through microchannel are characterized using the water contact angle, while the effects of the hydrophilicity of the treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels on PCR efficiency are determined using gel electrophoresis. By increasing the hydrophilicity of the channel surface after immersing the PDMS substrates into Tween 20 (20%) or BSA (1 mg/ml) solutions, efficient amplifications of DNA segments were proved to occur in our chip device. To our knowledge, our group is the first to introduce heat pipes into the cooling module that has been designed for a PCR device. The unique architecture utilized in this flow-through PCR device is well applied to a low-cost PCR system.
반월상 연골 후각부 파열의 치료에 영향을 미치는 요인 (2009)

목적: 내측 반월상 연골판 후각부 파열 치료 결과에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 내측 반월상 연골 후각부 파열로 진단받고, 관절경적 시술을 받은 47명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 연령, 대퇴경골각, 골주사 검사 결과, 수술 방법 및 파열 양상에 따른 술후 임상적 결과를 Lysholm 및 Tegner 활동 점수를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 환자의 나이는 수술 결과에 영향이 없으며, 술전 외반 4도 이상의 대퇴경골각을 가지거나, 술전 방사성 동위 원소 검사에서 정상 소견을 보이는 경우 좋은 예후를 기대할 수 있었다. 수술 방법의 차이, 즉 반월상 연골판 제거술 혹은 봉합술 여부에 따른 치료 결과의 통계적 차이는 없으며, 파열 양상에 따른 결과 차이 또한 통계적 의의는 없었다. 결론: 내측 반월상 연골판 파열의 치료에 있어 만족한 결과를 얻기 위해 다양한 요인들을 고려해야 하며, 특히 술전 시행한 골주사 검사는 반월상 연골판 파열부 및 그 주변 골, 연골의 상태를 반영하여 술후 예후를 예측할 수 있는 좋은 평가 방법으로 사료된다. 【Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the treatment results of medial meniscus posterior horn tear. Materials and Methods: Forty seven patients who had been performed the arthroscopic surgery for medial meniscus posterior horn tear were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the clinical outcomes with Lysholm score and Tegner activity score in accordance with the factors such as patients' age, tibiofemoral angle, uptake in bone scintigraphy, surgical methods and patterns of meniscal tears, respectively. Results: The patients' age didn't affect to the results, but the preoperative tibiofemoral angle over valgus $4^{\circ}$ and the preoperative normal uptake in scintigraphic assessment showed a positive influence on the clinical outcomes. The partial meniscectomy and repair in surgical methods had no statistically significance. In addition, the pattern of meniscal tear did not have an effect on the clinical results. Conclusion: We can conclude that many factors should be considered to get satisfactory results. Among them, preoperative bone scintigraphy may be a good assessment factor for the postoperative prognosis, reflecting the condition of meniscal tear and the periarticular bone and soft tissue.】
Rapid, cost-effective screening of flax genotypes to identify desirable fatty acid compositions (2010)

International audience
Laminar entrance flow in a curved pipe (1984)

The full elliptic Navier–Stokes equations have been solved for entrance flow into a curved pipe using the artificial compressibility technique developed by Chorin (1967). The problem is formulated for arbitrary values of the curvature ratio and the Dean number. Calculations are carried out for two curvature ratios, a/R = 1/7 and 1/20, and for Dean number ranging from 108.2 to 680.3, in a computational mesh extending from the inlet immediately adjacent to the reservoir to the fully developed downstream region. Secondary flow separation near the inner wall is observed in the developing region of the curved pipe. The separation and the magnitude of the secondary flow are found to be greatly influenced by the curvature ratio. As observed in the experiments of Agrawal, Talbot & Gong (1978) we find: (i) two-step plateau-like axial-velocity profiles for high Dean number, due to the secondary flow separation, and (ii) doubly peaked axial-velocity profiles along the lines parallel to the plane of symmetry, due to the highly distorted secondary-flow vortex structure.
A Two-Tier Full-Information Item Factor Analysis Model with Applications (2010)

Motivated by Gibbons et al.’s (Appl. Psychol. Meas. 31:4–19, 2007) full-information maximum marginal likelihood item bifactor analysis for polytomous data, and Rijmen, Vansteelandt, and De Boeck’s (Psychometrika 73:167–182, 2008) work on constructing computationally efficient estimation algorithms for latent variable models, a two-tier item factor analysis model is developed in this research. The modeling framework subsumes standard multidimensional IRT models, bifactor IRT models, and testlet response theory models as special cases. Features of the model lead to a reduction in the dimensionality of the latent variable space, and consequently significant computational savings. An EM algorithm for full-information maximum marginal likelihood estimation is developed. Simulations and real data demonstrations confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods. Three real data sets from a large-scale educational assessment, a longitudinal public health survey, and a scale development study measuring patient reported quality of life outcomes are analyzed as illustrations of the model’s broad range of applicability.
Epidemiological investigation of MERS-CoV spread in a single hospital in South Korea, May to June 2015* (2015)

In this report, we describe 37 MERS-CoV infection cases (1 primary, 25 secondary, 11 tertiary cases) in a single hospital in South Korea. The median incubation period was six days (95% CI: 4–7 days) and the duration between suspected symptom onset and laboratory confirmation was 6.5 days (95% CI: 4–9). While incubation period was two days longer, the duration from suspected symptom onset to confirmation was shorter in tertiary compared with secondary infections.