gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical localization of biliverdin reductase in rat brain: age related expression of protein and transcript (1995)

Biliverdin reductase regulates heme oxygenase activity by removing the inhibitory product of the oxygenase activity, biliverdin; and reducing it to bilirubin. The other products of the oxygenase are carbon monoxide and Fe. To date, biliverdin reductase remains unique among all enzymes described by using 2 different cofactors (NADPH and NADH) at different pH ranges. The present study reports on the developmentally regulated changes in the pattern of protein expression and the level of biliverdin reductase transcript in rat brain. Biliverdin reductase activity of the brain cytosol with both NADPH (pH 8.7) and NADH (pH 6.7) exhibited developmental changes with the activity increasing after birth, reaching an adult level by day 28 postpartum. When analyzed by Western blotting the immunoreactive protein detected increased as the animal matured (day 1 to 28 postparturition). Northern blot hybridization of RNA isolated from rat brain revealed the presence of approximately 1.5 kb biliverdin reductase transcript at all stages of development ranging from 1 day post partum to 20 months. The level of the transcript was developmentally regulated and a gradual increase ( approximately 4-fold) was observed from day 1 after birth to adulthood and was maintained in 20 month old animals. Cellular localization, using immunohistochemical technique, revealed age-related pattern of expression of the reductase in select regions such as the cortex, substantia nigra, hippocampus and in the cerebellum; the changes, however, did not follow the same pattern. To elaborate, in the cortex, the reductase expression increased when 7-day-old animals were compared with young adults (2 months old) and then declined in the 20-month-old animals. In the substantia nigra the level of reductase expression progressively declined with age when 7-day-old neonate, 2- and 20-month-old animals were compared. In the hippocampus, a distinct reductase-expressing cell population residing between CA1 and the dentate gyrus was observed in the 7-day-old animals; these cells were not detected in the adults (2 or 20 months old). In the cerebellum, the expression of the reductase reflected the developmental organization of this region. We postulate that age-dependent increase of the brain reductase at the transcript and protein levels in the course of maturation serves to control heme oxygenase activity which also displays a developmental pattern in the organ. As such, the reductase modulates generation of biologically active heme degradation products; bilirubin, carbon monoxide and Fe.
Evaluating the efficacy of an automated procedure for EEG artifact removal (2009)

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are often contaminated with artifacts arising from many sources such as those with ocular and muscular origins. Artifact removal techniques often rely on the experience of the EEG technician to detect these artifact components for removal. This paper presents the results comparing an automated procedure (AT) against visually (VT) choosing artifactual components for removal, using second order blind identification (SOBI) and canonical correlation analyses. The results show that the resulting EEG signal after artifact removal for the AT and VT were comparable using a technique that measures the variance amongst electrodes and spectral energy. The AT technique is objective, faster and easier to use, and shown here to be comparable to the standard technique of visually detecting artifact components.
Thermal shock and thermal fatigue study of ceramic materials on a newly developed ascending thermal shock test equipment (2002)

A test equipment was designed to study thermal shock and thermal fatigue of ceramic materials subjected to fast heating (ascending). The equipment was designed to generate thermal stress in a test specimen by heating one surface of it by an oxy-hydrogen flame while cooling the opposite surface. The sample cracked when thermal stress exceeded its mechanical strength. The in situ crack formation was detected by an acoustic emission system coupled to the set up. The hot zone temperature was measured by an infra red pyrometer. The equipment was also designed to run thermal fatigue test cycles in automatic mode between two selected temperatures. The temperature and thermal stress distribution in the test specimen were modelled using finite element software. The effect of temperature distribution of the top and bottom surfaces on thermal stresses was studied. It was observed that the thermal stress is very sensitive to the temperature distribution on the top surface and maximum near the periphery of the top surface. This was in agreement with the experimental results in which the cracks were originated from the periphery of top surface. It was also observed that the failure temperature was higher for thicker samples.
Baculovirus mediated high-level expression of luciferase in silkworm cells and larvae. (1995)

Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV)-based baculovirus expression system exploits silkworm larvae as an economical alternative to large-scale cell cultures for production of biomolecules. To generate recombinant BmNPV at high frequencies, we have achieved high efficiency transfection of B. mori cells, BmN, through lipofection. Optimal conditions for lipofection were standardized by quantification of the transient expression level of firefly luciferase (luc) reporter gene under control of an immediate early gene promoter of BmNPV. Lipofection was 50-fold and 100-fold more efficient than the calcium phosphate method for transfecting BmN and Sf9 cells, respectively. Lipofection enabled us to generate a recombinant BmNPV (vBmluc), harboring luc under control of the strong polyhedrin promoter. On infection with vBmluc, luciferase was expressed at very high levels, 170 micrograms/10(6) BmN cells or 13 mg/larva. Expression of luciferase in vBmluc-infected larvae was visualized by luminescence emission instantaneously following luciferin injection generating "glowing silkworms".
GitcProc: a tool for processing and classifying GitHub commits (2017)

Sites such as GitHub have created a vast collection of software artifacts that researchers interested in understanding and improving software systems can use. Current tools for processing such GitHub data tend to target project metadata and avoid source code processing, or process source code in a manner that requires significant effort for each language supported. This paper presents GitcProc, a lightweight tool based on regular expressions and source code blocks, which downloads projects and extracts their project history, including fine-grained source code information and development time bug fixes. GitcProc can track changes to both single-line and block source code structures and associate these changes to the surrounding function context with minimal set up required from users. We demonstrate GitcProc's ability to capture changes in multiple languages by evaluating it on C, C++, Java, and Python projects, and show it finds bug fixes and the context of source code changes effectively with few false positives.
A Comparative Study of Unsupervised Grapheme-Phoneme Alignment Methods (2000)

This paper describes and compares two unsupervised algorithms to automatically align Japanese grapheme and phoneme strings, identifying segment-level correspondences between them. The first algorithm is inspired by the tf-idf model, including enhancements to handle phonological variation and determine frequency through analysis of &quot;alignment potential&quot;. The second algorithm relies on the C4.5 classification system, and makes multiple passes over the alignment data until consistency of output is achieved. In evaluation, the first algorithm proves to be greatly superior to the second, producing a word accuracy of 96.94%.
Low-cost patterned metallization technique for high density multilayer interconnect applications (2002)

Fabrication of high density multilayer hybrids such as multichip modules (MCMs) incorporates thin film metallization techniques to produce conductor layers. Highly uniform, fine line metallization patterns must be produced to achieve high speed, low-loss performance requirements. The widely used metallization processes contribute substantially to both fabrication costs and to initial capital equipment expenditures and operating expenses. Careful consideration, therefore, must be made in the selection of a metallization process with the capability to meet product requirements and the flexibility to address market changes. This paper presents preliminary work on the use of a vacuum deposition process known as enhanced ion-plating (EIP) for conductor metallization of high density multilayer substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystallographic Structures of Thrombin Complexed with Thrombin Receptor Peptides: Existence of Expected and Novel Binding Modes (1994)

Many of the vital actions of thrombin on platelets and other cells appear to be mediated by the recently cloned seven-transmembrane-domain thrombin receptor. Thrombin activates this receptor by a novel proteolytic mechanism. The amino-terminal exodomain of the receptor contains the sequence LDPRSFLLRNPNDKYEPF. Structure-activity studies with mutant receptors and receptor peptides suggest that this sequence binds to thrombin at two sites: LDPR with the active center of thrombin and KYEPF with the fibrinogen recognition exosite of thrombin. Thrombin then cleaves the Arg41-Ser42 bond to unmask a new amino terminus, which functions as a tethered peptide ligand binding to as yet undefined sites within the body of the receptor to effect receptor activation. We have determined eight crystal structures of thrombin complexed with receptor-based peptides. Each of the two components of the bidentate docking model was captured in individual cocrystals. In one crystal type, the LDPR sequence docked in the active center of thrombin in a manner analogous to d-PheProArg chloromethyl ketone. In other crystals, the KYEPF sequence bound in the fibrinogen anion binding exosite of thrombin in a manner analogous to the DFEEI sequence of the carboxylate-terminal peptide of hirudin. Strikingly, however, generation of a single crystal that includes both components of the anticipated bidentate binding mode was not achieved, apparently because the peptides have a dominant solution S-like conformation that does not bind in a productive way at the active center. This peptide structure apparently favored a novel alternative mode of receptor peptide-thrombin interaction in which the receptor peptides formed an intermolecular bridge between neighboring thrombin molecules, resulting in an infinite peptide thrombin chain in crystals. In this structure, the KYEPF sequence docked in the expected manner at the exosite of one thrombin molecule, but the LDPR sequence docked in an unusual nonproductive mode with the active center of a neighboring molecule. Mutations that removed important determinants of the S-like receptor peptide structure underlying the bridging mode in the receptor itself did not significantly alter thrombin signaling. Additionally, a comparison of receptor density to the responsiveness of a cell did not support a role for receptor oligomerization in signaling. The physiological role for this unexpected intermolecular binding mode, if any, remains to be identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Poly(aryl ketones) via palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling (1992)

No Abstract.
Communicating Hydrocephalus (1976)

Chronic communicating hydrocephalus was produced in adult dogs by injection of silastic into the subarachnoid space. Electron microscopy was used to verify the sequence of pathologic changes in the ventricular wall. The pathologic findings were correlated with cisternographic images and measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Early in hydrocephalus, the CSF pressure was increased and cisternograms showed ventricular entry and clearing; the ependyma was stretched and fluid accumulated in subependymal regions. In animals with chronic hydrocephalus, the CSF pressure was normal and cisternograms disclosed radioactivity persisting in the ventricles. At this time the ependyma was severely damaged, the subependymal white matter showed enlargement of the extracellular space, and degenerative changes were present in axons and myelin sheaths.
Reduced transforming growth factor‐β1‐producing T cells in the duodenal mucosa of children with food allergy (2003)

Infant food allergies are increasing, and many breast-fed infants now sensitize to maternally-ingested antigens. As low-dose oral tolerance requires generation of suppressor lymphocytes producing TGF-beta1 (Th3 cells), we studied these cells in duodenal biopsies after diagnostic endoscopy. Spontaneous production of Th1, Th2 and Th3 cytokines by duodenal lymphocytes was studied using flow cytometry in 20 children with no eventual clinico-pathological diagnosis (controls), 30 children with multiple food allergy, nine with celiac disease and six with inflammatory enteropathies. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to localize TGF-beta1 protein and mRNA in matched biopsies. We found no significant Th1/Th2 skewing amongst mucosal lymphocytes in allergic children compared to controls, although celiac and inflammatory enteropathy patients showed increased Th1 responses. By contrast, the allergic children showed reduction of TGF-beta1(+) lymphocytes in both epithelial and lamina propria compartments. Reduction of TGF-beta1 expression was also seen in mononuclear cells and epithelium in food allergy by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The dominant mucosal abnormality in food allergic children was, thus, not Th2 deviation but impaired generation of Th3 cells. As generation of these cells requires innate immune response to enteric bacteria, we suggest that changing infectious exposures may inhibit primary establishment of basic oral tolerance mechanisms.
On the adaptation of CAN BUS network for use in the ship electronic systems (2009)

On the adaptation of CAN BUS network for use in the ship electronic systems This paper presents an analysis of application of the CAN - based marine electronics standard NMEA 2000, recently developed one, on board sea-going vessels, especially in the context of small, recreational, sailing and motor craft. The idea and development of the system has been briefly presented. The properties of the CAN network has been described and the use of its functions by the NMEA system, discussed. The discussion has been performed for all layers of the communication protocol, according to the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model worked out by ISO. All the features have been summarized and analyzed in the context of their possible use in various shipboard systems.
Computational and experimental identification of novel human imprinted genes (2007)

Imprinted genes are essential in embryonic development, and imprinting dysregulation contributes to human disease. We report two new human imprinted genes: KCNK9 is predominantly expressed in the brain, is a known oncogene, and may be involved in bipolar disorder and epilepsy, while DLGAP2 is a candidate bladder cancer tumor suppressor. Both genes lie on chromosome 8, not previously suspected to contain imprinted genes. We identified these genes, along with 154 others, based on the predictions of multiple classification algorithms using DNA sequence characteristics as features. Our findings demonstrate that DNA sequence characteristics, including recombination hot spots, are sufficient to accurately predict the imprinting status of individual genes in the human genome.
How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved? (2010)

Plant cell walls are highly sophisticated fiber composite structures that have evolved to fulfill a wide range of biological roles that are central to plant life. In so doing they have diversified not just between species, but also within plants, between cell types, and between cell wall
Activatable Fluorescent Probes for Tumour‐Targeting Imaging in Live Mice (2006)

Lighting up tumours in vivo: Activatable probes are designed to image tumour targets and cell internalisation in mice, with improved image contrast. These activatable probes are built on a cyclodecapeptide template with two independent functional domains. The cell-targeting domain allows a multimeric presentation of the RGD motif, and the imaging domain is composed of a dye and a quencher, separated by an intracellular cleavable disulfide bound. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2006/z600118_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stem Cells Loaded with Nanoparticles as a Drug Carrier for In Vivo Breast Cancer Therapy (2014)

A novel anti-cancer drug carrier, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulating drug-loaded hollow silica nanoparticles, is used to carry a photosensitizer drug and deliver it to breast tumors, due to the natural high tumor affinity of the MSCs, and inhibit tumor growth by photo dynamic therapy. This new strategy for delivering a photo sensitizer to tumors by using tumor-affinitive MSCs addresses the challenge of the accumulation of photosensitizer drugs in tumors in photodynamic therapy.
Derivation Approaches for the Theis (1935) Equation (2009)

Supporting Information Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this commentary: Appendix A. The Derivation of an Analog of Equation 5 for Drawdown Appendix B. The Laplace-Transform Method Appendix C. A Hybrid Method of Separation of Variables Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Problems (2007)

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A mathematical model of a single main rotor helicopter for piloted simulation (1982)

A mathematical model, suitable for piloted simulation of the flying qualities of helicopters, is a nonlinear, total force and moment model of a single main rotor helicopter. The model has ten degrees of freedom: six rigid body, three rotor flapping, and the rotor rotational degrees of freedom. The rotor model assumes rigid blades with rotor forces and moments radially integrated and summed about the azimuth. The fuselage aerodynamic model uses a detailed representation over a nominal angle of attack and sideslip range of + or - 15 deg., as well as a simplified curve fit at large angles of attack or sideslip. Stabilizing surface aerodynamics are modeled with a lift curve slope between stall limits and a general curve fit for large angles of attack. A generalized stability and control augmentation system is described. Additional computer subroutines provide options for a simplified engine/governor model, atmospheric turbulence, and a linearized six degree of freedom dynamic model for stability and control analysis.
Reactions <sup>19</sup>F(γ,xγ′) and <sup>31</sup>P(γ,xγ′) (1972)

The spectra of deexcitation gamma rays following photodisintegration of 19 F and 31 P have been measured to study further the reaction channels involved in photodisintegration of nonclosed shell nuclei. Besides (γ,n) and (γ,p) decays to excited states of the residual nuclei, strong (γ,α) channels from 19 F to the first excited state of 15 N and from 31 P to the first two excited states of 27 Al were observed.
Rapid Core-to-Peripheral Tissue Heat Transfer During Cutaneous Cooling (1996)

Perioperative thermal manipulations are usually directed at the skin surface because methods of directly warming the core are invasive or ineffective.However, inadequate heat flow between peripheral and core compartments will decrease the rate at which core temperature changes. We therefore determined whether core hypothermia is delayed after initiation of surface cooling. Six volunteers were anesthetized with propofol and midazolam, and maintained under three layers of passive insulation for 2.5-4 h. Subsequently, the skin surface was cooled using forced air, 1000 L/min, at 10 degrees C. Isoflurane was added as necessary to maintain arteriovenous shunt vasodilation. Overall heat balance was determined from the difference between cutaneous heat loss (thermal flux transducers) and metabolic heat production (oxygen consumption). Average arm and leg (peripheral) tissue temperatures were determined from 19 intramuscular needle thermocouples, 10 skin temperatures, and "deep" foot temperature. Overall body heat content decreased approximate equals 234 kcal during 2.5 h of active cooling. Core temperature, which was nearly constant before active cooling, decreased approximate equals 1.3 degrees C/h. There was no delay between initiation of active cooling and the decrease in core temperature. Furthermore, peripheral (arm and leg) and core (trunk and head) tissue heat contents decreased at virtually the same rates: approximate equals 50 kcal/h and approximate equals 47 kcal/h, respectively. These data indicate that there is little restriction of heat flow between peripheral and core tissues in vasodilated, anesthetized subjects. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:925-30)
Expression of a Plant Cell Wall Invertase in Roots of Arabidopsis Leads to Early Flowering and an Increase in Whole Plant Biomass (2005)

In order to enhance sink strength, we expressed a heterologous plant cell wall invertase (CrCIN1) under the control of a root-specific promoter (ppyk10) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Slightly elevated apoplastic invertase activity resulted in apparent phenotypic changes. Transgenic plants developed more secondary roots and subsequently, possibly because of a higher capacity to acquire nutrients, a higher shoot and whole plant biomass. Furthermore, an early flowering phenotype was detected. The data presented here demonstrate that it is possible to modulate carbohydrate metabolism by ectopic expression of cell wall invertases and thereby influence sink organ size and whole plant development.
Nanoparticle photoresist studies for EUV lithography (2017)

EUV (extreme ultraviolet) lithography is one of the most promising candidates for next generation lithography. The main challenge for EUV resists is to simultaneously satisfy resolution, LWR (line-width roughness) and sensitivity requirements according to the ITRS roadmap. Though polymer type CAR (chemically amplified resist) is the currently standard photoresist, entirely new resist platforms are required due to the performance targets of smaller process nodes. In this paper, recent progress in nanoparticle photoresists which Cornell University has intensely studied is discussed. Lithography performance, especially scum elimination, improvement studies with the dissolution rate acceleration concept and new metal core applications are described.
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY RADIUM THERAPY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE (1966)

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY RADIUM THERAPY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINETRAIAN LEUCUTIA, M.D. and KENNETH L. KRABBENHOFT, M.D.Audio Available | Share
Computerized analysis of asymmetry in digitized mammograms (2002)

This paper describes a preliminary work in the analysis of asymmetries in digitized mammograms. A program has been developed to first register then bilaterally subtract two mammograms of the left and right breast in the medio-lateral view to enhance asymmetries. These asymmetries are then analyzed in order to provided a tool for computer aided diagnosis.