gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Functional Avidity of Dengue Virus-Specific T-Cell Clones for Variant Peptides Representing Heterologous and Previously Encountered Serotypes (2007)

Proinflammatory cytokines secreted by memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are thought to play a direct role in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection by increasing vascular permeability and thereby inducing the pathophysiologic events associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Severe disease is frequently observed in the setting of secondary infection with heterologous dengue virus serotypes, suggesting a role for cross-reactive memory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of severe disease. We used a large panel of well-characterized dengue virus-specific CD8+ T-cell clones isolated from Pacific Islanders previously infected with dengue virus 1 to examine effector memory function, focusing on a novel dominant HLA-B*5502-restricted NS5(329-337) epitope, and assessed T-cell responses to stimulation with variant peptides representing heterologous serotypes. Variant peptides were differentially recognized by dengue virus 1-specific effector CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a heterogeneous and clone-specific manner, in which cytolytic function and cytokine secretion could be enhanced, diminished, or abrogated compared with cognate peptide stimulation. Dengue virus-specific CTL stimulated with cognate and variant peptides demonstrated a cytokine response hierarchy of gamma IFN (IFN-gamma) > tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) > interleukin-2 (IL-2), and a subset of clones also produced IL-4 and IL-6. Individual clones demonstrated greater avidity for variant peptides representing heterologous serotypes, including serotypes previously encountered by the subject, and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha secretion was enhanced by stimulation with these heterologous peptides. Altered antiviral T-cell responses in response to stimulation with heterologous dengue virus serotypes have implications for control of virus replication and for disease pathogenesis.
Suprascapular Neuropathy in Athletes (1995)

Shoulder pain and dysfunction is a common problem among athletes, and a great deal of attention is being given to scapular stability and rotator cuff pathology. Two athletes who were first seen with posterolateral shoulder pain and weakness were found to have isolated entrapment of the suprascapular nerve, causing their impairment. Both athletes responded well to conservative treatment, but this entity occasionally requires operative decompression. This article reviews the most common presentation, etiologies, and treatments of suprascapular neuropathy and how it can affect athletic performance.
Frequency of Breast Cancer Attributable to <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">BRCA1</EMPH> in a Population-Based Series of American Women (1998)

These data suggest that in the general US population, widespread screening of BRCA1 is not warranted. In contrast, BRCA1 mutations are sufficiently frequent in families with both breast and ovarian cancer, or at least 4 cases of breast cancer (at any age), that genotyping might be considered. The emerging picture of BRCA1 population genetics involves complex interactions of family history, age, and genetic ancestry, all of which should be taken into account when considering testing or interpreting results.
Bladder Leiomyosarcoma following Cyclophosphamide Therapy for Breast Cancer (2008)

An unusual case of a bladder leiomyosarcoma after cyclophosphamide (CPM) chemotherapy for breast cancer is reported. A 50-year-old female presented with urinary frequency and urgency was found by computed tomography and ultrasound to have a mass in her urinary bladder. Cystoscopy displayed a mass on her left bladder wall and biop-sies of the mass revealed chronic inflammation of the uroepithelium. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, and an intra-operative frozen section examination revealed a malignant spindle cell tumor. Partial cystectomy was per-formed and the final pathologic examination confirmed low potential malignancy leiomyosarcoma. The present report is significant not only because leiomyosarcoma as a second tumor after CPM therapy for breast cancer is very rare, but also because the total dose of CPM was only 9.6 g and the interval from initial CPM treatment was only 8 months. A review of the literature shows the necessity for extensive follow-up after CPM therapy.
Modeling of Stress-Dependent Hydraulic Fracturing in a Dynamic Flow Simulation (2006)

Abstract In this work we present a new approach to include the influence of hydraulically induced fractures on the performance of a reservoir. Hydraulic fracturing has become a state-or-the-art completion for all kinds of wells and reservoirs. Especially in the case of low permeable tight gas reservoirs, fracturing is essential for efficient reservoir exploitation. As a result of this, most gas wells are nowadays hydraulically stimulated. However, in the case of low permeable tight gas reservoirs with rather long fractures an appropriate simulation requires a highly-flexible time-dependent adaptive gridding of the model in the vicinity of the created fracture. Our work is based on a recently proposed simulation method which combines a dual continuum approach with a time-dependent highly flexible gridding method in order to accurately simulate the influence of hydraulic fracturing on well and reservoir performance. We extend this method by treating the process of hydraulic fracturing as a part of the simulation. At any given time during the simulation a hydraulic fracture can be initiated for any desired well. The geometry of the fracture is inferred from a given state of stress, injection rate, and elastic rock properties using the Perkins-Kern-Nordgren model. Once the fracture is created the simulation grid is appropriately adopted. We have implemented our approach in a commercial reservoir simulator which provides the necessary gridding flexibility and a dual continuum formulation that allows for the definition of locally restricted dual porosity or dual permeability cells. We will show how the accuracy and flexibility of our method enhances the ability to simulate the performance of a reservoir fracture treatment.
Morphological feature extraction for the classification of digital images of cancerous tissues (1996)

This paper presents a new method for automatic recognition of cancerous tissues from an image of a microscopic section. Based on the shape and the size analysis of the observed cells, this method provides the physician with nonsubjective numerical values for four criteria of malignancy. This automatic approach is based on mathematical morphology, and more specifically on the use of Geodesy. This technique is used first to remove the background noise from the image and then to operate a segmentation of the nuclei of the cells and an analysis of their shape, their size, and their texture. From the values of the extracted criteria, an automatic classification of the image (cancerous or not) is finally operated.
The role of demand side management for the system integration of renewable energies (2017)

One possibility to facilitate system integration of renewable energy sources (RES) is Demand Side Management (DSM). The availability of the DSM potential varies according to the season and hour of the day as the demand of most DSM-applications depend on the ambient temperature and/or time of day. In addition, the dispatch of DSM-applications is restricted by technical constraints, e.g. shifting time. For these reasons, the flexibility DSM can provide to the electricity system is limited. One objective of this paper is therefore, to investigate the effect of DSM on the system integration of RES. The results indicate that DSM changes the shape of the residual load curve and decreases both, RES oversupply and curtailment. However, load shifting applications can only balance short term fluctuations, while load increase technologies facilitates the integration of high amounts of RES oversupply, which occurs over several hours and days. Changes of the residual load curve directly affect electricity prices. On the one hand, the number of hours with high prices decrease. On the other hand, prices in times with low residual load increase. These changes, caused by DSM, directly affect the market value of RES plants. In most cases, DSM leads to higher market values due to its price-rising effect in times with low residual load. However, if only load shifting and load shedding is considered, the smoothing-effect of peak prices is higher, than the rising effect of base load prices. As a result, the average electricity price and the market value of wind plants (onshore and offshore) declines. Nevertheless, DSM is an important flexibility option to facilitate system integration of RES.
Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Promote Endogenous Repair Mechanisms and Enhance Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction (2015)

mES Ex provide a novel cell-free system that uses the immense regenerative power of ES cells while avoiding the risks associated with direct ES or ES-derived cell transplantation and risk of teratomas. ESC exosomes possess cardiac regeneration ability and modulate both cardiomyocyte and CPC-based repair programs in the heart.
Blood Respiratory Properties of Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo Gairdneri</i>) Kept in Water Of High CO2 Tension (1977)

ABSTRACT 1. Blood O2 transport and acid-base balance were studied at 20°C in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) which had been kept in water of high CO2 content (15 mmHg) for at least a week. Also the blood gas chemistry of fish rapidly entering or leaving the hypercapnic environment was studied. 2. Fish entering high CO2 water suffered a sharp decrease in blood pH which significantly reduced O2 transport by the blood, but after a few hours considerable compensation was achieved. 3. After at least a week in high CO2 water, trout showed elevated plasma bicarbonate and PCO2 levels, and a decrease in plasma chloride, while pH was about 0 - 1 pH unit below the level for control fish. Oxygen transport by the blood was marginally reduced. 4. Hypercapnic fish rapidly entering fresh water showed a sharp increase in blood pH and a decrease in blood PO2. These parameters regained normal values after a few hours but plasma bicarbonate and chloride levels took much longer to regain control concentrations. 5. Acid-base balance in hypercapnic fish is discussed with particular reference to the role of the branchial ion exchanges.
Ytterbium-doped fluoride fibre laser operating at 1.02 μm (1992)

Efficient laser emission has been observed around 1.02 μm in a monomode ZBLAN fibre doped with ytterbium. Various concentrations, fibre lengths and cavity configurations have been studied, Differences between silica and ZBLAN are highlighted.
A voltage-controlled tunable active null network (1969)

A realization of Reshef's voltage-controlled tunable active filter is presented. By placing constraints on the input voltages, independent control of the null frequency is achieved through variation of a single parameter.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in consumer research: A review and application (2011)

Abstract Although the field of psychology is undergoing an immense shift toward the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the application of this methodology to consumer research is relatively new. To assist consumer researchers in understanding fMRI, this paper elaborates on the findings of prior fMRI research related to consumer behavior and highlights the features that make fMRI an attractive method for consumer and marketing research. The authors discuss advantages and limitations and illustrate the proposed procedures with an applied study, which investigates loss aversion when buying and selling a common product. Results reveal a significantly stronger activation in the amygdala while consumers estimate selling prices versus buying prices, suggesting that loss aversion is associated with the processing of negative emotion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereochemistry of 1,3-eliminative cyclopropanation. (1982)

The stereochemistry of 1, 3-eliminative cyclopropanation was established in the NaH-catalyzed condensation system involving carbanionic reagents with chlorine and phosphate as the leaving group. It was proved by means of product analysis that the steric course of 1, 3-elimanative cyclopropanation was determined at the 1, 3-eliminative SN2 displacement by the catalyst base, stability of the leaving group and adduct carbanion as well as by solvent polarity, The cis/trans ratios, as well as the optical yeilds of cyclopropane products, agreed closely with the prediction based on the transition state topology at the 1, 3-eliminative cyclization step. It is therefore suggested that the asymmetric Michael type cyclopropanation could be applicable for the absolute assignment of configuration to chiral cyclopropanes.
Multifunctional nanoparticles for imaging, delivery and targeting in cancer therapy (2009)

The application of nanoparticles for the delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic and diagnostic agents in cancer therapy has received significant attention in recent years. Nanoparticles may be constructed from a wide range of materials and used to encapsulate or solubilize chemotherapeutic agents for improved delivery in vivo or to provide unique optical, magnetic and electrical properties for imaging and therapy. Several functional nanoparticles have already been demonstrated, including some clinically approved liposome drug formulations and metallic imaging agents. The next generation of nanoparticle-based research is directed at the consolidation of functions into strategically engineered multifunctional systems, which may ultimately facilitate the realization of individual therapy. These multiplexed nanoparticles may be capable of identifying malignant cells by means of molecular detection, visualizing their location in the body by providing enhanced contrast in medical imaging techniques, killing diseased cells with minimal side effects through selective drug targeting, and monitoring treatment in real time. This article highlights recent progress in the design and engineering of multifunctional systems, as well as discusses the development of a new, scalable and economic method for the modular preparation of multiplex nanoparticles where functional properties can be precisely and simply tailored.
Regulation of natriuretic peptide receptor A and B expression by transforming growth factor-beta 1 in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. (1994)

Two types of natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A and NPR-B) are membrane guanylate cyclases whose relative expression varies in different tissues. Because natriuretic peptides have been shown to inhibit aortic smooth muscle proliferation, we investigated the regulation of NPR-A and NPR-B in these cells under different proliferative conditions. NPR subtype mRNA levels were measured by our newly developed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay using mutated NPR-A and NPR-B cRNA as internal standards. The functional impact of their expression was determined by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)- and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)-induced stimulation of cyclic GMP production. In the intact aorta, NPR-B mRNA levels were found to be 10-fold higher than those of NPR-A. This dominance was further amplified (1000-fold) in long-term cultures (10 to 15 passages) of aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Higher cyclic GMP production with CNP than with ANP was observed in cultured ASMC from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Similar stimulation by the two agonists was noted in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) cells, paralleled by a 10-fold increase in NPR-A mRNA levels and ANP stimulation of cyclic GMP in hypertensive cells. The present study also evaluated NPR-A and NPR-B mRNA control by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), an important regulator of cell proliferation that is overexpressed in SHR ASMC. TGF-beta 1 decreased both NPR-A and NPR-B mRNA levels with a predominant effect in SHR cells at high cell density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Visualization and interaction techniques for the exploration of vascular structures (2001)

We describe a pipeline of image processing steps for deriving symbolic models of vascular structures from radiological data which reflect the branching pattern and diameter of vessels. For the visualization of these symbolic models, concatenated truncated cones are smoothly blended at branching points. We put emphasis on the quality of the visualizations which is achieved by anti-aliasing operations in different stages of the visualization. The methods presented are referred to as HQVV (high quality vessel visualization). Scalable techniques are provided to explore vascular structures of different orders of magnitude. The hierarchy as well as the diameter of the branches of vascular systems are used to restrict visualizations to relevant subtrees and to emphasize parts of vascular systems. Our research is inspired by clear visualizations in textbooks and is targeted toward medical education and therapy planning. We describe the application of vessel visualization techniques for liver surgery planning. For this application it is crucial to recognize the morphology and branching pattern of vascular systems as well as the basic spatial relations between vessels and other anatomic structures.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE CHEMIE DER DIHYDROPYRIDINE (1972)

Abstract In einer umfangreichen Zusammenfassung wird über die Chemie der Dihydropyridine, ihre Struktur, Konformation, die Elektronenstruktur und die Elektronenspektren, die Fluoreszenz, die IR‐ und NMR‐Spektren berichtet.
Composition of humic acids extracted under air and nitrogen atmosphere (1991)

Abstract Differences in nature and composition of humic matter, attributed to NaOH extraction under air or a N2 gas atmosphere, were investigated. Samples from the Ap horizons of a Cecil and Onaway soil, and lignite were shaken with 0.1 M NaOH in the presence of air or under N2 gas. The humic (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) separated were weighed, and analyzed for C, H, O, N, and S contents. Total acidity, carboxyl and phenolic‐OH group contents were determined by chemical analysis. Characterization was performed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that differences in amounts of HA and FA, attributed to NaOH extraction under air and N2 gas, were small and no definite trend was noted for more HA and FA extracted under air. No differences in C, H, O, N, and S contents of HA and FA were also noticed as a result of the influence of air or N2 gas during extraction. However, HA and FA exhibited larger values for total acidities when extracted under a N2 gas atmosphere than under air. The lower amounts of carboxyl and phenolic‐OH group contents in HA and FA as a result of NaOH extraction under air, however, do not support the idea of increased oxidation by NaOH. No differences were noticed in NMR and IR spectra of HA and FA attributable to the two extraction methods. The differences in NMR and IR features obtained were more the result of differences in origin than in methods of extraction.
Topas-based lab-on-a-chip microsystems fabricated by thermal nanoimprint lithography (2005)

We present a one-step technology for fabrication of Topas-based lab-on-a-chip (LOC) microsystems by the use of thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The technology is demonstrated by the fabrication of two working devices: a particle separator and a LOC with integrated optics for absorbance measurements. These applications demonstrate the fabrication of millimeter to micrometer-sized structures in one lithographic step. The use of NIL makes the technology easily scalable into the nanometer regime by the use of a suitable lithographic technique in the fabrication of the stamp. Processing issues such as environmental stress cracking of the Topas and the requirements to anti-sticking layers on the stamp when imprinting into Topas are discussed.
[Pancreatic pseudocyst: diagnosis, treatment. Apropos of 7 cases]. (1990)

A pseudocyst of the pancreas (PCP) is a rare affliction in Africa despite widespread malnutrition and abdominal disorders. The authors cover 7 PCP observations on 3 men and 2 women between 18 and 32 years, and 2 boys of 5 and 6 years, in the clinical context of abdominal pain (7/7), an abdominal tumour (7/7) and as a sequence to abdominal contusion (4/7). In 5 cases, echotomography led the etiological investigation of the liquid mass to seek a pancreatic origin. Surgical treatment consisted of 2 termino-lateral cystojejunostomies on a shaped flexure++ and 3 latero-lateral cystojejunostomies (of which one had to be drained externally two times); and a corporeo-caudal pancreatectomy. Supervision of between 1 1/2 and 5 years (1 1/2 years: 3 patients; 2 1/2 years: 2 patients; 5 years: 1 patient; 1 patient lost track of) revealed only one recurrence after internal latero-lateral drainage, and that without clinical repercussions. The authors use this short experiment to study the clinical and paraclinical symptomatology, the etiology and the treatment of PCPs. They stress the role of medical pictures in diagnosis, and of interventional radiology in treatment, but above all the primacy of surgery to treat pseudocysts of the pancreas in Africa.
Emotion Detection in Email Customer Care (2010)

Prompt and knowledgeable responses to customers’ emails are critical in maximizing customer satisfaction. Such emails often contain complaints about unfair treatment due to negligence, incompetence, rigid protocols, unfriendly systems, and unresponsive personnel. In this paper, we refer to these emails as emotional emails. They provide valuable feedback to improve contact center processes and customer care, as well as, to enhance customer retention. This paper describes a method for extracting salient features and identifying emotional emails in customer care. Salient features reflect customer frustration, dissatisfaction with the business, and threats to either leave, take legal action and/or report to authorities. Compared to a baseline system using word ngrams, our proposed approach with salient features resulted in a 20 % absolute F-measure improvement. 1