gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short Message Service (SMS) Texting Symbols: A Functional Analysis of 10,000 Cellular Phone Text Messages. (2009)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of symbolic expressions (e.g., “BTW,” “LOL,” “UR”) in an SMS text messaging corpus consisting of over 10,000 text messages. More specifically, the purpose was to determine, not only how frequently these symbolic expressions are used, but how they are utilized in terms of the language functions that they signal. The results of this investigation suggest that text messaging symbols are most frequently used to identify people and their relationships to other things (including other people). They also suggest that text messaging symbols are frequently used to express amusement. In addition, the results suggest that the text messaging community has developed its own language culture in which closing expressions, long-form dialog, and correct spelling and grammar are viewed as inefficient and impractical. Finally, the results suggest that text messaging symbols are often used to signal descriptions of things that are important to the message sender.
Uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy of a CoPt thin film induced by ion irradiation (2006)

The mechanism for ion-induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic CoPt thin films is investigated using x-ray diffraction and soft x-ray emission spectroscopy. When Co∕Pt multilayers 64nm thick are irradiated with 80keV Ar+ ions in an externally applied magnetic field, the magnetization of the ion-irradiated area shows a significant anisotropic angular dispersion in its hysteresis. Analysis of x-ray diffraction patterns and CoL3 emission spectra reveals that the formation of partially ordered (face-centered-tetragonal) CoPt phase and nonequivalent electronic hybridization between easy and hard axes causes the induction of a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy.
<i>Plasmodium berghei</i>-Infected Primary Hepatocytes Process and Present the Circumsporozoite Protein to Specific CD8+ T Cells In Vitro (2007)

A substantial and protective response against malaria liver stages is directed against the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and involves induction of CD8(+) T cells and production of IFN-gamma. CSP-derived peptides have been shown to be presented on the surface of infected hepatocytes in the context of MHC class I molecules. However, little is known about how the CSP and other sporozoite Ags are processed and presented to CD8(+) T cells. We investigated how primary hepatocytes from BALB/c mice process the CSP of Plasmodium berghei after live sporozoite infection and present CSP-derived peptides to specific H-2K(d)-restricted CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Using both wild-type and spect(-/-) P. berghei sporozoites, we show that both infected and traversed primary hepatocytes process and present the CSP. The processing and presentation pathway was found to involve the proteasome, Ag transport through a postendoplasmic reticulum compartment, and aspartic proteases. Thus, it can be hypothesized that infected hepatocytes can contribute in vivo to the elicitation and expansion of a T cell response.
New vectors for simple and streamlined CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2015)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology is an important tool for genome editing because the Cas9 endonuclease can induce targeted DNA double-strand breaks. Targeting of the DNA break is typically controlled by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA), a chimeric RNA containing a structural segment important for Cas9 binding and a 20mer guide sequence that hybridizes to the genomic DNA target. Previous studies have demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used for efficient, marker-free genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, introducing the 20mer guide sequence into yeast sgRNA expression vectors often requires cloning procedures that are complex, time-consuming and/or expensive. To simplify this process, we have developed a new sgRNA expression cassette with internal restriction enzyme sites that permit rapid, directional cloning of 20mer guide sequences. Here we describe a flexible set of vectors based on this design for cloning and expressing sgRNAs (and Cas9) in yeast using different selectable markers. We anticipate that the Cas9-sgRNA expression vector with the URA3 selectable marker (pML104) will be particularly useful for genome editing in yeast, since the Cas9 machinery can be easily removed by counter-selection using 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5-FOA) following successful genome editing. The availability of new vectors that simplify and streamline the technical steps required for guide sequence cloning should help accelerate the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in yeast genome editing.
Non‐Heme Iron Complexes for Stereoselective Oxidation: Tuning of the Selectivity in Dihydroxylation Using Different Solvents (2004)

Abstract A new class of functional models for non‐heme iron‐based dioxygenases, including [(N3Py‐Me)Fe(CH 3 CN) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 and [(N3Py‐Bn)Fe(CH 3 CN) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 {N3Py‐Me = [di(2‐pyridyl)methyl]methyl(2‐pyridyl)methylamine; N3Py‐Bn = [di(2‐pyridyl)methyl]benzyl(2‐pyridyl)methylamine}, is presented here. NMR, UV and X‐ray analyses revealed that six‐coordinate low‐spin Fe II complexes with the pyridine N‐atoms and the tertiary amine functionality of the ligand bound to Fe are formed. The two remaining coordination sites located cis to each other are occupied by labile CH 3 CN groups that are easily exchanged by other ligands. We demonstrate that the reactivity and stereoselectivity of the complexes investigated depend on the choice of the solvent. The complexes have been examined as catalysts for the oxidation of both alkanes and olefins in CH 3 CN. In this solvent alkanes are oxidized to alcohols and ketones and olefins to the corresponding cis‐ epoxides and cis‐ diols. In acetone as solvent a different reactivity pattern was found, with, as the most striking example, the trans‐ dihydroxylation of cis ‐ olefins. 18 O‐labeling studies in CH 3 CN establish incorporation of 18 O from H 2 18 O 2 and H 2 18 O in both the epoxide and the diol implicating an HO‐Fe V = 18 O active intermediate originating from an H 2 18 O‐Fe III OOH species. These results are in full agreement with mechanistic schemes derived for other dioxygenase model systems. Based on labeling studies in acetone an additional oxidation mechanism is proposed for this solvent, in which the solvent acetone is involved. This is the first example of a catalyst that can give cis‐ or trans‐ dihydroxylation products, just by changing the solvent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Comparative performance of parallel join algorithms (2002)

The authors recently (1990, 1991) described two new join algorithms designed to address the data skew problem. These algorithms were based, respectively, on the traditional sort merge and hash join algorithms, and employed techniques borrowed from mathematical optimization theory. The current paper proposes significant improvements to both algorithms, increasing their effectiveness while simultaneously decreasing their execution times. It then focuses on the comparative performance of the improved algorithms and their more conventional sort merge and hash counterparts. The latter two are perfectly good algorithms except that they fail to deal with data skew. Both I/O- and CPU-bound configurations were examined. The new algorithms outperform their more conventional counterparts in the presence of just about any skew at all, dramatically so in cases of high skew.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frequency-hopped multi-user chirp modulation (FH/M-CM) for multipath fading channels (2003)

The multi-user chirp modulation (M-CM) technique was introduced previously by the author as an efficient multiple-access technique using chirp modulation spread-spectrum signals. To further improve the performance of M-CM in multipath dispersive channels we suggest the application of frequency hopping (FH) to M-CM. The band of M-CM multiplexed signals is frequency-hopped within the allowed channel bandwidth. The application of FH is shown to highly improve the performance of M-CM signals in multipath fading dispersive channels. The considered channel model is a generalized channel model that allows dispersion and flat fading due to multipath propagation. Closed form expressions for the upper bound on the error probability for FH/M-CM is derived and investigated for different cases of channel dispersion and multiple-access parameters.
Infectious bursal disease virus type 1‐induced suppression of chicken lymphocyte response to mitogen (1991)

Infectious bursal disease type 1 (IBDV-1) caused severe suppression of the proliferative response of normal chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to concanavalin A (Con A). The factors capable of such suppression were not associated with virus particles and were stable at 56 degrees C for 1 h. Their molecular weight ranged from under 100 kDa to over 300 kDa. They were not prostaglandin-like material, and their suppression of PBL was not due to interference with the Con A action.
Light scattering from surfaces with a single dielectric overlayer* (1976)

First-order perturbation theory and a nonorthogonal coordinate transformation are used to calculate light scattering from rough metallic surfaces having a dielectric overlayer. The theory considers arbitrary polarization, incident intensity profile, and angle of incidence, and it is valid for complex values of the dielectric constants of the metal ∊ and dielectric overlayer ∊0. The frequency range of interest is such that Re(∊) < 0. The results are applied to cases of periodic and random roughness where the dielectric overlayer replicates the substrate profile. Comparison to experiment is made in the case of periodic roughness, and numerical results are given in both cases.
Compilation of Henry's law constants, version 3.99 (2014)

Abstract. Many atmospheric chemicals occur in the gas phase as well as in liquid cloud droplets and aerosol particles. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the distribution between the phases. According to Henry's law, the equilibrium ratio between the abundances in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase is constant for a dilute solution. Henry's law constants of trace gases of potential importance in environmental chemistry have been collected and converted into a uniform format. The compilation contains 14775 values of Henry's law constants for 3214 species, collected from 639 references. It is also available on the internet at http://www.henrys-law.org.
Deconvolution using orthogonal polynomials in nuclear medicine: a method for forming quantitative functional images from kinetic studies (1990)

A deconvolution technique is described which utilizes orthogonal polynomials (DOP) and handles inevitable noise in such a way that pixel time activity curves can be deconvolved. This solves the issue of quantitative analysis of serial scintigraphic data in a manner that preserves the high spatial resolution inherent in raw data. In the current work a complete mathematical description of the new deconvolution technique is presented. The DOP method is designed for use with an array processor and results in a set of linear response function (LRF) images. Techniques to calibrate the measuring devices and correct for distorted input functions in order to obtain the LRF images in absolute units are described. A simulation study compares the DOP method with the Fourier transform and the discrete deconvolution algorithm both with and without various noise levels. The impact on the convergence of the DOP algorithm of undesired blood activity simultaneously measured with the organ-target activity was simulated.
Indirect Procedure for the Determination of Tin(II) by Potentiometric Titration. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndirect Procedure for the Determination of Tin(II) by Potentiometric Titration.R. W. Collins and W. H. NebergallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 11, 1511–1513Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60191a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60191a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selector-line merged built-in ECC technique for DRAMs (1987)

A high-performance built-in error checking and correcting (ECC) technique applicable to megabit-level dynamic RAM (DRAM) chips is described. This technique, based on a bidirectional parity code, achieves high-speed error correction with a minimum increase in area. The impact of the technique on access time and chip overhead is discussed. Furthermore, effects on soft-error reduction and yield improvement are analytically investigated.
A sliding-window data aggregation method for super-resolution imaging of live cells (2015)

Super resolution localization microscopy (SRLM) techniques such as STORM and PALM overcome the ~200nm diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy by randomly activating separate fluorophores over time and computationally aggregating their nanometer resolution detected locations for image reconstruction. However, a basic limitation of current SRLM approaches for live cell imaging is their low temporal resolution due to motion blur, which arises if image objects move during image acquisition of the substantial number of raw images required for constructing the super-resolution image for a given time point. To overcome this limitation, we propose a sliding-window data aggregation method, which exploits the temporal correlation between the collected fluorescence images to achieve significantly higher frame rate and therefore better temporal resolution than current approaches. Specifically, images within a sliding window are aligned so that locations of detected fluorophores within them are aggregated to accelerate image reconstruction for higher temporal resolution. We tested and validated our method using both simulated and real live cell STORM image data.
Activation of cultured rat hepatic lipocytes by Kupffer cell conditioned medium. Direct enhancement of matrix synthesis and stimulation of cell proliferation via induction of platelet-derived growth factor receptors. (1989)

Hepatic lipocytes appear to be central to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, undergoing activation during inflammation to a matrix-producing, proliferative cell type. We have studied the activation process in culture by examining the response of lipocytes to conditioned medium from hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells). Lipocytes exposed to Kupffer cell medium (KCM) exhibited cellular and nuclear enlargement associated with up to a threefold increase in collagen and total protein synthesis per cell. Cell proliferation was also stimulated as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and direct cell counting. The latter effect was serum dependent and inhibited by antibodies to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Proliferation could be stimulated by recombinant PDGF, but only after preincubation of cells with KCM. These findings suggested that KCM was eliciting expression of the PDGF receptor in lipocytes, and this was confirmed by immunoblot analysis with antibodies to the PDGF receptor. DNA synthesis in lipocytes exposed to KCM occurred at 48 h, which reflected the time required for PDGF receptor expression (24 h) plus initiation of [3H]thymidine incorporation (24 h). These results indicate that KCM has multiple stimulatory effects on cultured lipocytes similar to activation of these cells observed in vivo.
Microfluidic on-demand droplet merging using surface acoustic waves (2014)

Individual droplets can be isolated within microfluidic systems by use of an immiscible carrier layer. This type of two phase systems, often termed "digital microfluidics", find wide ranging applications in chemical synthesis and analysis. To conduct on-chip biochemical analysis, a key step is to be able to merge droplets selectively in order to initiate the required reactions. In this paper, a novel microfluidic chip integrating interdigital transducers is designed to merge multiple droplets on-demand. The approach uses surface acoustic wave induced acoustic radiation forces to immobilize droplets as they pass from a channel into a small expansion chamber, there they can be held until successive droplets arrive. Hence, no requirement is placed on the initial spacing between droplets. When the merged volume reaches a critical size, drag forces exerted by the flowing oil phase act to overcome the retaining acoustic radiation forces, causing the merged volume to exit the chamber. This will occur after a predetermined number of droplets have merged depending on the initial droplet size and selected actuation power.
PATH PLANNING IN EXPANSIVE CONFIGURATION SPACES (1999)

We introduce the notion of expansiveness to characterize a family of robot configuration spaces whose connectivity can be effectively captured by a roadmap of randomly-sampled milestones. The analysis of expansive configuration spaces has inspired us to develop a new randomized planning algorithm. This new algorithm tries to sample only the portion of the configuration space that is relevant to the current query, avoiding the cost of precomputing a roadmap for the entire configuration space. Thus, it is well-suited for problems where only a single query is submitted for a given environment. The algorithm has been implemented and successfully applied to complex assembly maintainability problems from the automotive industry.
Development and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Mucilage of  <i>Opuntia ficus‐indica</i>  (L.) (2010)

Mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) was extracted and characterized by its composition and molecular weight distribution. Mucilage film-forming dispersions were prepared under different pHs (3, 4, 5.6, 7, and 8) and calcium concentration (0% and 30% of CaCl(2), with respect to mucilage's weight), and their particle size determined. Mucilage films with and without calcium (MFCa and MF, respectively) were prepared. The effect of calcium and pH on mucilage films was evaluated determining thickness, color, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and percentage of elongation (%E). The average molecular weight of the different fractions of mucilage was: 3.4 x 10(6) (0.73%), 1 x 10(5) (1.46%), 1.1 x 10(3) (45.79%), and 2.4 x 10(2) Da (52.03%). Aqueous mucilage dispersions with no calcium presented particles with an average size d(0.5) of 15.4 microm, greater than the dispersions with calcium, 13.2 microm. MFCa films showed more thickness (0.13 mm) than the MF films (0.10 mm). The addition of calcium increased the WVP of the films from 109.94 to 130.45 gmm/m(2)dkPa. Calcium and pH affected the mechanical properties of the films; the largest TS was observed on MF films, whereas the highest %E was observed on MFCa films. The highest differences among MF and MFCa films were observed at pHs 5.6 and 7 for TS and at pHs 4 and 8 for %E. No effect of pH and calcium was observed on luminosity and hue angle. Chroma values were higher for MF when compared with MFCa, and increased as pH of the films increased. Practical Application: In this study mucilage from nopal was extracted and characterized by its ability to form edible films under different pHs, and with or without the addition of calcium. Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage had the ability to form edible films. In general, it can be considered that mucilage films without modification of pH and without the addition of calcium have the best water vapor barrier properties and tensile strength. Mucilage from nopal could represent a good option for the development of edible films in countries where nopal is highly produced at low cost, constituting a processing alternative for nopal.
Microwave measurements on the magneto-resistance effect in semiconductors (1962)

The paper discusses the results of an experimental investigation concerned with the transverse magneto-resistance effect in very thin semiconducting films situated in a microwave field at 10Gc/s, with a superimposed steady magnetic field, of flux density up to 0.45 Wb/m2, applied at right angles to the surface of the film. The film used was of indium antimonide with a thickness of the order of 103 Å, much less than the skin depth at the frequency employed. It was deposited by evaporation in a vacuum on a thin sheet of mica and placed longitudinally in a rectangular waveguide with the surface of the film parallel to the narrow wall of the guide, in much the same way as in the ordinary vane-type attenuator. The steady magnetic field, applied transversely to the film, produces a change in its conductivity and a corresponding effect on the microwave transmission properties. This magneto-resistance effect is related to the mobility of the carriers in the semiconductor, and consequently the technique enables this mobility to be determined without the use of electrodes attached to the specimen.