gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonaxisymmetric Turbine End Wall Design: Part II—Experimental Validation (1999)

The Durham Linear Cascade has been redesigned with the nonaxisymmetric profiled end wall described in the first part of this paper, with the aim of reducing the effects of secondary flow. The design intent was to reduce the passage vortex strength and to produce a more uniform exit flow angle profile in the radial direction with less overturning at the wall. The new end wall has been tested in the linear cascade and a comprehensive set of measurements taken. These include traverses of the flow field at a number of axial planes and surface static pressure distributions on the end wall. Detailed comparisons have been made with the CFD design predictions, and also for the results with a planar end wall. In this way an improved understanding of the effects of end wall profiling has been obtained. The experimental results generally agree with the design predictions, showing a reduction in the strength of the secondary flow at the exit and a more uniform flow angle profile. In a turbine stage these effects would be expected to improve the performance of any downstream blade row. There is also a reduction in the overall loss, which was not given by the CFD design predictions. Areas where there are discrepancies between the CFD calculations and measurement are likely to be due to the turbulence model used. Conclusions for how the three-dimensional linear design system should be used to define end wall geometries for improved turbine performance are presented. [S0889-504X(00)01002-3]
A strategy to support MCS over native ATM service (2002)

This paper presents the simplified multipoint communication service (MCS) protocol on the adaptation layer with multicast functionality over ATM. This protocol structure makes the adaptation layer take over the domain management function of the MCS protocol as the adaptation layer can do this function without difficulty. Doing this can simplify the MCS protocol as well as apply it efficiently in multicast capable networks. This deserves consideration as a candidate for multimedia teleconferencing over ATM service.
New developments in particle-based tests and immunoassays. (1990)

Latex agglutination tests were invented in 1957. Thirty years later, new tests are still being devised and applied to new analytes. Reproducibility and readability continue to improve. Qualitative tests have now evolved to quantitative particle immunoassays: agglutination is detected by spectrophotometers or nephelometers, in tubes or 96-well plates. These same particles are now also being used in particle capture ELIST and ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent tests and assays) where particles are caught upon a filter and act as supports for sandwich tests (those "+/-" or "blue-dot" tests). These also can be quantified, as in the Abbott IM x assay system. Dyed microspheres now function as the color tags in over-the-counter sandwich-type pregnancy tests. In the future, results from assays using this technology could be read on reflectometers (strip readers). Currently, magnetic particles are used in solid phase radioimmunoassays and DNA probes.
Succinonitrile as a Versatile Additive for Polymer Electrolytes (2007)

Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivities are prepared by using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)) as polymer matrixes, succinonitrile (SN) as an additive, and lithium bis ‐trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) and lithium bisperfluoroethylsulfonylimide (LiBETI) as salts. In these systems, the introduction of succinonitrile into the polymer electrolytes increases the material's ionic conductivity and conveys excellent mechanical properties. The described composites, with their beneficial combination of mechanical and electric properties, are expected to have significant potential for lithium batteries.
HtrA Protease Family as Therapeutic Targets (2012)

The HtrA proteases degrade damaged proteins and thus control the quality of proteins and protect cells against the consequences of various stresses; they also recognize specific protein substrates and in this way participate in regulation of many pathways. In many pathogenic bacteria strains lacking the HtrA function lose virulence or their virulence is decreased. This is due to an increased vulnerability of bacteria to stresses or to a decrease in secretion of virulence factors. In some cases HtrA is secreted outside the cell, where it promotes the pathogen's invasiveness. Thus, the HtrA proteases of bacterial pathogens are attractive targets for new therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting their proteolytic activity. The exported HtrAs are considered as especially promising targets for chemical inhibitors. In this review, we characterize the model prokaryotic HtrAs and HtrAs of pathogenic bacteria, focusing on their role in virulence. In humans HtrA1, HtrA2(Omi) and HtrA3 are best characterized. We describe their role in promoting cell death in stress conditions and present evidence indicating that HtrA1 and HtrA2 function as tumor suppressors, while HtrA2 stimulates cancer cell death induced by chemotherapeutic agents. We characterize the HtrA2 involvement in pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and briefly describe the involvement of human HtrAs in other diseases. We hypothesize that stimulation of the HtrA's proteolytic activity might be beneficial in therapies of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, and discuss the possibilities of modulating HtrA proteolytic activity considering the present knowledge about their structure and regulation.
Integrated Planar Monopole Antenna With Microstrip Resonators Having Band-Notched Characteristics (2010)

Novel integrated planar monopole antennas with various microstrip resonators are presented. The proposed integrated antennas consist of wideband planar monopole antennas and electromagnetically coupled microstrip resonators producing band-notched characteristics. Various types of microstrip resonators such as open-circuited line resonator, short-circuited line resonator, closed-loop resonator and open-loop resonator are described. The proposed designs are suitable for wideband antennas with narrowband interferer rejection characteristic or multi-band antennas.
Sensorization of continuum soft robots for reconstructing their spatial configuration (2012)

This work deals with the sensorization of continuum soft robots for reconstructing their spatial configuration. Since at the present time the proprioceptive perception is prevalently achieved using external 3D optical methods, an embedded system is needed for the improvement of the performances of this promising kind of robots. The idea is to use stretch sensors to reconstruct the spatial configuration of a robotic structure: differential measurements on strain values can be used to derive local curvatures performed by the arm. Strain values have been extracted using a conductive textile that presents very high elasticity and lightness. The main feature is that its electrical resistance depends on its mechanical strain and it has been characterized in order to derive this strain-resistance relation. The reconstruction method that allows to obtain spatial configuration from material deformations is then reported. A practical application on reconstructing the configuration of an octopus-inspired robot arm is finally shown and discussed.
A digitally-assisted sensor interface for biomedical applications (2010)

A compact, low-power, digitally-assisted sensor interface for biomedical applications is presented. It exploits oversampling and digital design to reduce system area and power, while making the system more robust to interferers. Anti-aliasing is achieved using a charge-sampling filter with a sinc frequency response and programmable gain. A mixed-signal feedback loop creates a sharp, programmable notch for interference cancelation. A prototype was implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS and the on-chip blocks consume a total of 255 nW - 2.5 μW from a 1.5 V supply depending on noise and bandwidth requirements.
High-Sensitivity Instrument for Measuring Atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub> (2001)

We report on the development of a high-sensitivity detection system for measuring atmospheric NO2 using a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique around 440 nm. A tunable broad-band optical parametric oscillator laser pumped by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser is used as a fluorescence excitation source. The laser wavelength is tuned at peak and bottom wavelengths around 440 nm alternatively, and the difference signal at the two wavelengths is used to extract the NO2 concentration. This procedure can give a good selectivity for NO2 and avoid interferences of fluorescent or particulate species other than NO2 in the sample air. The NO2 instrument developed has a sensitivity of 30 pptv in 10 s and S/N = 2. The practical performance of the detection system is tested in the suburban area for 24 h. The intercomparisons between the LIF instrument and a photofragmentation chemiluminescence (PF-CL) instrument have been performed under laboratory conditions. The correlation between the two instruments is measured up to 1000 pptv. A good linear relationship between the LIF measurements and the PF-CL measurements is obtained.
2. Some Standard Problems Involving LMIs (1994)

2.1 Linear Matrix Inequalities A linear matrix inequality (LMI) has the form F (x) ≜ F0 + ∑ i=1 m xi Fi >0, 2.1 where is the variable and the symmetric matrices , , are given. The inequality symbol in (2.1) means that F(x) is positive-definite, i.e., for all nonzero . Of course, the LMI (2.1) is equivalent to a set of n polynomial inequalities in x, i.e., the leading principal minors of F(x) must be positive. We will also encounter nonstrict LMIs, which have the form F (x) ≥0. 2.2 The strict LMI (2.1) and the nonstrict LMI (2.2) are closely related, but a precise statement of the relation is a bit involved, so we defer it to §2.5. In the next few sections we consider strict LMIs. The LMI (2.1) is a convex constraint on x, i.e., the set is convex. Although the LMI (2.1) may seem to have a specialized form, it can represent a wide variety of convex constraints on x. In particular, linear inequalities, (convex) quadratic inequalities, matrix norm inequalities, and constraints that arise in control theory, such as Lyapunov and convex quadratic matrix inequalities, can all be cast in the form of an LMI.
A Complete Single-Chip GPS Receiver With 1.6-V 24-mW Radio in 0.18-&lt;tex&gt;$mu$&lt;/tex&gt;m CMOS (2004)

We have developed a complete single-chip GPS receiver using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS to meet several important requirements, such as small size, low power, low cost, and high sensitivity for mobile GPS applications. This is the first case in which a radio has been successfully combined with a baseband processor, such as SoC, in a GPS receiver. The GPS chip, with a total size of 6.3 mm /spl times/ 6.3 mm, contains a 2.3 mm /spl times/ 2.0 mm radio part, including RF front end, phase-locked loops, IF functions, and 500 K gates of baseband logic, including mask ROM, SRAM, and dual port SRAM . It is fabricated using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with a MIM capacitor and operates from a 1.6-2.0-V power supply. Experimental results show a very low power consumption of, typically, 57 mW for a fully functional chip including baseband, and a high sensitivity of -152dBm. Through countermeasures against substrate coupling noise from the digital part, the high sensitivity was successfully achieved without any external low-noise amplifier.
Active cancellation of common-mode voltages on drives rated 460-V and higher (2003)

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the "active circuitry" for a common-mode (CM) transformer to cancel CM voltages. The design methodology, and the practical Implementation issues are presented for motor drive systems rated 460 V or higher. An implementation example and experimental results for a 460-V motor drive system illustrate the feasibility of the proposed ideas.
Inevitable use of TAP domains in SOCs (2003)

This paper discusses the use of test access ports (TAPs) in systems-on-chip (SOC). Topics covered include: IEEE 1149.1, IEEE P1500 and associated standards; TAP controllers; TAP protocols; SOC multiple TAP domains; self-checking; embedded core test standards; core test wrapper architecture; and serial/parallel access test mechanisms.
Perfect transmission of THz waves in structured metals (2006)

We show that a periodic array of one-dimensional slits in a perfect conductor admits 100 percent perfect transmission when proper resonance conditions are met. We present both analytic and numerical studies on the transmission by using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computer simulation. We find that both the Fabry-Perot and the coupled evanescent surface modes contribute to the enhanced transmission peak in the terahertz spectral range. This theoretical prediction agrees well with experimental results.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Human xCT, the Light Chain of Amino Acid Transport System x <sub>c</sub> ¯ (2000)

Transport of system xc- is an exchange agency with high specificity for anionic form of cystine and glutamate. The protein mediating this transport is a disulfide-linked heterodimer of a light chain named xCT and a heavy chain previously known as 4F2hc. We have isolated two cDNAs encoding xCT from the human cDNA library. One clone coded for a protein of 501 amino acids with 12 putative transmembrane domains. When functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes together with the human 4F2hc, human xCT induced the transport activity whose characteristics are similar to those of system xc-. Another clone seemed to contain a partial human xCT and a long 3' untranslated region. The human xCT gene was localized at chromosome 4q28-31. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the human xCT gene revealed several sites for potentially binding of transcriptional factors, including NF-E2 and AP-1. Transport of cystine via system xc- has been known as a regulatory factor for the intracellular glutathione level, and its transport activity is induced in response to the oxygen tension in culture. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of both xCT and 4F2hc was significantly enhanced by oxygen. The results suggest that oxygen regulates the activity of system xc- by modulating the expression of both xCT and 4F2hc mRNAs.
High-level bit-serial datapath synthesis for multi-FPGA systems (1995)

Field-programmable hardware exhibits a new trend towards computation-intensive applications. The basic idea is to completely customize the hardware architecture for the very given application in order to allocation the logic resources efficiently and effectively, improving the performance several orders of magnitude greater than general-purpose processor implementation. And at the same time, it still covers a wide variety of applications for their reconfigurability.
High density lipoproteins with poor reactivity to cholesteryl ester transfer reaction observed in a homozygote of familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia. (1986)

A homozygous patient of familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia was found impaired in cholesteryl ester transfer between high and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) in the plasma (T. Kurasawa et. al. J. Biochem. 98: 1499-1508 (1985)). None of the heterozygotes investigated in his family was shown decreased in the transfer rate in spite of their moderately elevated HDL levels. Plasma d = 1.21 bottom fraction of the patient contained substantial transfer activity with normal HDL, while HDL from the patient showed poor reactivity with the d = 1.21 bottoms of the normal plasma and the patient's plasma. HDL from the patient increased the reactivity to the transfer reaction upon occasion without significant change in its physical and chemical properties.
Design of nonlinear adaptive digital filter by wavelet shrinkage (2002)

Abstract The wavelet shrinkage method is a nonlinear signal denoising procedure to remove noise by shrinking the empirical wavelet coefficients in the wavelet domain. In this paper, we apply the wavelet shrinkage method to nonlinear adaptive digital filters, and we propose the adaptive wavelet shrinkage filter which updates the threshold levels adaptively by the LMS algorithm according to the reference signal. The adaptive wavelet shrinkage filter is robust and has the property that one can control the filter easily by modifying the threshold levels. We describe the theorems concerning the convergence of the LMS algorithm for updating the threshold levels, and demonstrate several examples of the adaptive wavelet shrinkage filter. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 59–71, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10032
Formulation of pH‐responsive carboxymethyl chitosan and alginate beads for the oral delivery of insulin (2012)

Abstract pH‐sensitive beads were prepared from the interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) and alginate to study their application in oral insulin administration. CMCTS was synthesized from chitosan and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Calcium chloride, a relatively less toxic material, was used to crosslink both the alginate and CMCTS to prepare the IPN beads. The IPN beads were used to encapsulate insulin at different weight ratios. The swelling behavior and insulin release profile in response to simulated gastric and intestinal media of the beads were investigated. The beads observed under scanning electron microscopy were almost spherical, with an average diameter of 780 μm. The bead with about a 54% insulin loading efficiency was observed to contain about 98% encapsulated insulin. The maxima of about 20% insulin retention at acidic pH (1.2) and about 94% insulin release at intestinal pH (7.4) justified the good pH‐responsive nature of these IPN beads. Moreover, the insulin released from the IPN beads was stable and biologically active. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of nitrogen plasma treatment of pressure-sensitive adhesive layer surfaces on their peel adhesion behavior (1999)

The influence of the surface modification of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes on their adhesion behavior has been investigated. PBA [poly(butyl acrylate)] and PIB [poly(isobutylene)] adhesives were chosen as pressure-sensitive adhesives and nitrogen plasma was used for the surface modification of the adhesives. The peel force of PBA or PIB adhesive/stainless steel joints was evaluated. The nitrogen plasma treatment showed large effects on the adhesion behavior of both the PBA and the PIB adhesives. The peel force for the PBA adhesive/stainless steel joint decreased by 57 times as a result of the nitrogen plasma treatment and that for the PIB adhesive/stainless steel joint increased by 2.2 times. There are essential differences in the modification reactions caused by the nitrogen plasma between the PBA and PIB adhesives. For the PBA adhesive, cross-linking reactions occurred among the PBA polymer chains and the surface was hardened. For the PIB adhesive, degradation reactions occurred and products with a low molecular weight were formed on the surface. These differences are due to the different responses of the PBA and PIB adhesives towards the nitrogen plasma. The mechanism of the changes in adhesion behavior caused by the nitrogen plasma is discussed.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of 29 Invasive Carcinomas Arising in 178 Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms With Ovarian-type Stroma (2014)

Information on the clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive carcinomas arising from mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) is limited, because in many early studies they were lumped and analyzed together with noninvasive MCNs. Even more importantly, many of the largest prior studies did not require ovarian-type stroma (OTS) for diagnosis. We analyzed 178 MCNs, all strictly defined by the presence of OTS, 98% of which occurred in perimenopausal women (mean age, 47 y) and arose in the distal pancreas. Twenty-nine (16%) patients had associated invasive carcinoma, and all were female with a mean age of 53. Invasion was far more common in tumors with grossly visible intracystic papillary nodule formation ≥1.0 cm (79.3% vs. 8.7%, P=0.000) as well as in larger tumors (mean cyst size: 9.4 vs. 5.4 cm, P=0.006); only 4/29 (14%) invasive carcinomas occurred in tumors that were <5 cm; however, none were <3 cm. Increased serum CA19-9 level (>37 U/L) was also more common in the invasive tumors (64% vs. 23%, P=0.011). Most invasive carcinomas (79%) were of tubular type, and the remainder (5 cases) were mostly undifferentiated carcinoma (2, with osteoclast-like giant cells), except for 1 with papillary features. Interestingly, there were no colloid carcinomas; 2 patients had nodal metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and both died of disease at 10 and 35 months, respectively. While noninvasive MCNs had an excellent prognosis (100% at 5 y), tumors with invasion often had an aggressive clinical course with 3- and 5-year survival rates of 44% and 26%, respectively (P=0.000). The pT2 (>2 cm) invasive tumors had a worse prognosis than pT1 (≤2 cm) tumors (P=0.000), albeit 3 patients with T1a (<0.5 cm) disease also died of disease. In conclusion, invasive carcinomas are seen in 16% of MCNs and are mostly of tubular (pancreatobiliary) type; colloid carcinoma is not seen in MCNs. Serum CA19-9 is often higher in invasive carcinomas, and invasion is typically seen in OTS-depleted areas with lower progesterone receptor expression. Invasion is not seen in small tumors (<3 cm) and those lacking intracystic papillary (mural) nodules of ≥1 cm, thus making the current branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm management protocols also applicable to MCNs.
A Study of the Passive Gait of a Compass-Like Biped Robot (1998)

The focus of this work is a systematic study of the passive gait of a compass-like, planar, biped robot on inclined slopes. The robot is kinematically equivalent to a double pendulum, possessing two kneeless legs with point masses and a third point mass at the "hip" joint. Three parameters, namely, the ground-slope angle and the normalized mass and length of the robot describe its gait. We show that in response to a continuous change in any one of its parame ters, the symmetric and steady stable gait of the unpowered robot gradually evolves through a regime of bifurcations characterized by progressively complicated asymmetric gaits, eventually arriving at an apparently chaotic gait where no two steps are identical. The robot can maintain this gait indefinitely. A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the stability of such gaits is the contraction of the "phase-fluid" volume. For this frictionless robot, the volume contraction, which we compute, is caused by the dissipative effects of the ground-impact model. In the chaotic regime, the fractal dimension of the robot's strange attractor We present a novel graphical technique based on the first return map that compactly captures the entire evolution of the gait, from symmetry to chaos. Additional passive dissipative elements in the robot joint result in a significant improvement in the stability and the versatility of the gait, and provide a rich repertoire for simple control laws.