gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneity of regional brain lead concentrations. (1994)

It has been proposed that the neurobiological basis of many of the behavioral manifestations arising in response to Pb exposure may be due to selective vulnerability of particular brain regions, such as hippocampus, a region in which preferential accumulation has been reported in some studies. However, these findings have not been invariant and, in fact, have been found to vary with dosing parameters. This study examined potential regional accumulation of Pb in brain following postnatal exposure of rats to Pb via nursing dams consuming Pb acetate solutions of 0, 100, 350, 1000, or 2000 ppm. Offspring were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21, 40 or 60 days of age and brains dissected into 12 regions, including striatum, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, thalamus, ventral (tegmentum) and dorsal (tectum) midbrain, hippocampus, frontal, parietal/temporal, and occipital cortices, cerebellum and brain stem for regional Pb analyses. All brain regions generally accumulated Pb in a similar pattern. Regional elimination half-lives, determined for the 350, 1000 and 2000 ppm exposure groups, averaged about 20 days and did not vary between regions. Regional brain Pb levels were not different whether brains were perfused or not prior to brain Pb determinations. However, regional differences in brain Pb levels could be introduced by using dry, rather than wet weights in the calculation of Pb concentrations, and by procedures including soaking in formaldehyde prior to drying, probably as a result of the differential fluid volume of different brain regions. Taken together, these data do not support previous findings of selective regional accumulation of Pb in any brain region, including the hippocampus, at least under conditions of postnatal Pb exposure and wet weight measures. While there may indeed be differences among brain regions in sensitivity to Pb, any differences in response among brain regions should probably be ascribed to differences in the interactions of Pb with biochemical or cellular targets unique or enriched in that region rather than to differences in accumulation of Pb.
Parent/Teacher Reading Instruction: A Collaborative Approach (1981)

Parents are often baffled and anxious when teachers explain that, in their opinion, a child is not ready to cope with the academic demands of the next grade level, due to the child's lack of progress in learning how to read. The parents' perception of their child is that s/he has shown normal development. Yet, they are told the child is unable to perform successfully in the classroom. Haunted by childhood memories of frequent pupil retentions in the schoolrooms of years ago, the parents cautiously receive the teacher's judgment. In order to help with this situation, the parents inquire about the purposes of the classroom instruction and how they can become more involved in their child's education.
EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3Y-TZP CERAMICS (2008)

The dependence of mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP ceramics on their grain sizes in the range from 0.19 µm to 2.15 µm has been investigated. Vickers indentation tests were used to determine hardness and fracture toughness. The hardness decreased with increasing grain size. The fracture toughness was almost constant for ceramics with the grain size up to 0.40 µm and then grew with increasing grain size up to 7.8 MPam 0.5 for ceramics with grain size of 1.8 µm. Above this grain size a spontaneous transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic phase occurred. Ceramic samples with grain sizes of 0.30 µm and 0.78 µm yielded similar bending strength, 1020 and 1011 MPa, respectively. The microstructural coarsening required for achieving larger grain size resulted in a higher scatter of strength values, which was demonstrated by a lower Weibull modulus (13.0 vs. 7.54). The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline 3Y-zirconia ceramics coarsened to the grain size range from 0.085 to 0.70 µm were also investigated and compared. Differences in mechanical behaviour of investigated ceramics were observed and their possible causes discussed.
Regulation of the <i>furA</i> and <i>catC</i> Operon, Encoding a Ferric Uptake Regulator Homologue and Catalase-Peroxidase, Respectively, in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) (2000)

We isolated the catC gene, encoding catalase-peroxidase in Streptomyces coelicolor, using sequence homology with the katG gene from Escherichia coli. Upstream of the catC gene, an open reading frame (furA) encoding a homologue of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) was identified. S1 mapping analysis indicated that the furA gene was cotranscribed with the catC gene. The transcriptional start site of the furA-catC mRNA was mapped to the translation start codon ATG of the furA gene. The putative promoter contains consensus -10 and -35 elements similar to those recognized by sigma(HrdB), the major sigma factor of S. coelicolor. The transcripts were produced maximally at late-exponential phase and decreased at the stationary phase in liquid culture. The change in the amount of mRNA was consistent with that of CatC protein and enzyme activity. When the furA gene was introduced into S. lividans on a multicopy plasmid, the increased production of catC transcripts and protein product at late growth phase was inhibited, implying a role for FurA as the negative regulator of the furA-catC operon. FurA protein bound to its own promoter region between -59 and -39 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The binding affinity of FurA increased under reducing conditions and in the presence of metals such as Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), or Fe(2+). Addition of these metals to the growth medium decreased the production of CatC protein, consistent with the role of FurA as a metal-dependent repressor.
Discussion on electrohydraulic control system of hot pressing for wood-based panels. (2000)

In this article, the control system of traditional hot presses made in China and its dis advantage was described briefly. Meantime, the actuality situation and development of control systems of single opening presses both homebred and imported were analyzed. For improving the system, the possibility of using proportional closed loop (PCL) to replace the servo system as control system for hot press was discussed.
Nod-like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome Activation and Podocyte Injury via Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) during Hyperhomocysteinemia (2014)

NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes resulting in podocyte and glomerular injury during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). However, the mechanism by which the inflammasome senses ROS is still unknown in podocytes upon hHcys stimulation. The current study explored whether thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin and ROS sensor, mediates hHcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent glomerular injury. In cultured podocytes, size exclusion chromatography and confocal microscopy showed that inhibition of TXNIP by siRNA or verapamil prevented Hcys-induced TXNIP protein recruitment to form NLRP3 inflammasomes and abolished Hcys-induced increases in caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production. TXNIP inhibition protected podocytes from injury as shown by normal expression levels of podocyte markers, podocin and desmin. In vivo, adult C57BL/6J male mice were fed a folate-free diet for 4 weeks to induce hHcys, and TXNIP was inhibited by verapamil (1 mg/ml in drinking water) or by local microbubble-ultrasound TXNIP shRNA transfection. Evidenced by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation studies, glomerular inflammasome formation and TXNIP binding to NLRP3 were markedly increased in mice with hHcys but not in TXNIP shRNA-transfected mice or those receiving verapamil. Furthermore, TXNIP inhibition significantly reduced caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production in glomeruli of mice with hHcys. Correspondingly, TXNIP shRNA transfection and verapamil attenuated hHcys-induced proteinuria, albuminuria, glomerular damage, and podocyte injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TXNIP binding to NLRP3 is a key signaling mechanism necessary for hHcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation and subsequent glomerular injury.
Photocatalytic silver enhancement reaction for gravimetric immunosensors (2010)

A novel microgravimetric immunosensor has been developed using TiO(2) nanoparticle-modified immunoassay and silver enhancement reaction. An antibody-conjugated TiO(2) nanoparticle is bound to the AFP antigen immobilized on a quartz resonator. When the nanoparticles are exposed to UV light in a silver nitrate solution, the photocatalytic reduction of silver ions results in the formation of metallic silver onto the nanoparticles and induces a decrease in the resonance frequency. The frequency change by this photocatalytic reduction reaction is three orders of magnitude larger than the change by antigen binding alone. The efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction has been found to increase with the fraction of anatase crystallites in the nanoparticles and the concentration of the AgNO(3) solution. The results highlight the potential of the photocatalytic nanoparticles for the detection of low concentrations of target molecules using gravimetric sensors.
Mathematics in medicine and the life sciences (1992)

This work aims to introduce mathematical modelling in the life sciences and is intended for students of mathematics, the physical sciences and premedical students. The standard is that of basic calculus; the models used are realistic; and light is thrown not only on modelling as a technique but also on the subjects upon which the mathematical models are based.
Alteration of Pulse in Human Subjects by Three Chinese Herbs (1994)

Human subjects were fed with extract of three Chinese herbs, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium roots and Ganoderma lucidum. Pulse of the radial artery was examined. Our results indicate that each herb has a specific effect on the Fourier components of the pulse, and is in agreement with traditional Chinese medical descriptions.
Basic principles of coaxial launch technology (1984)

Coaxial launchers have received very much less attention than railguns because of their greater complexity, but they offer several significant advantages. They require no physical contact with the projectile, scale readily to very large diameter, can distribute thrust over the length of the projectile, have more adaptable energy supply and impedance requirements (being a multi-turn device), offer higher efficiency, positive control over the launch cycle, and permit component redundancy to achieve any desired degree of reliability. Thrust for a given current can be a hundred times higher than in a railgun, but the current must be synchronized with projectile motion. The voltage required to do so increases with velocity, and high voltage commutation capability represents the technological limit to launch velocity. Present research activity is concerned with commutation in the low and high velocity domains, position sensing techniques, dynamic stress containment in drive coils, and design of the first practical EM launcher: a Nimitz class aircraft catapult.
Twice a day quadruple therapy (bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, metronidazole plus lansoprazole) for treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection (1997)

Twice a day quadruple therapy is effective for metronidazole-sensitive strains but its usefulness is markedly reduced by the presence of pre-treatment metronidazole resistance. Twice a day quadruple therapy can be recommended in locations where background metronidazole resistance is uncommon. Possibly, 14-day therapy or a higher dosage of metronidazole provide better results with metronidazole-resistant H. pylori.
The Therapy of a Psychosomatic Headache (1953)

(1953). The Therapy of a Psychosomatic Headache. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 2-6.
Oxytocin-induced cervical dilation and cervical manipulation in sheep: effects on laparoscopic artificial insemination. (2001)

The difficulty of cervical penetration severely limits the use of transcervical AI (TAI) in sheep, and trauma from cervical manipulation (CM) may reduce fertility after TAI. We investigated the effects of cervical dilation using exogenous oxytocin (OT) to facilitate TAI and its effects on reproductive variables after laparoscopic AI (LAI). Estrus was synchronized by inserting pessaries impregnated with 6alpha-methyl-17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone acetate (60 mg) for 12 d. In Exp. 1, we determined whether OT and CM before LAI affected the interval from pessary removal to ovulation and fertilization rate. Crossbred ewes (n = 16) were assigned to 1) saline-CM or 2) OT-CM. In Exp. 2, effects of OT and CM on lambing rates were evaluated with white-faced ewes (n = 220) in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment: 1) saline-sham CM; 2) saline-CM; 3) OT-sham CM; and 4) OT-CM. In both studies, eCG (400 IU i.m.) was injected at pessary removal, and LAI was performed 48 to 52 h later. In Exp. 1, ewes received i.v. either 400 USP units of OT or 20 mL of saline at 30 to 60 min before LAI, and CM was administered as for TAI. Beginning 32 h after pessary removal and continuing at 8-h intervals, ovaries were examined with ultrasonography to estimate time of ovulation. Treatment in Exp. 1 did not affect combined ovum/embryo recovery rate (69%), but OT-CM decreased fertilization rate (47 vs 59%; P < 0.05). The OT tended to reduce the interval to ovulation (OT, 59 h vs saline, 66 h; P < 0.06). The OT x CM interaction in Exp. 1 was not significant. For Exp. 2, approximately 25 min before sham CM or CM, 200 USP units of OT or 10 mL of saline was injected i.v. The LAI was performed immediately after sham CM or CM. At 10 to 12 d after AI in Exp. 2, ewes were mated with Suffolk rams. Blood was collected between 24 and 26 d after AI for pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) RIA. The PSPB pregnancy and lambing rates were both 62% in saline-sham controls. The CM did not affect pregnancy (69%) or lambing rate (64%). The OT treatment decreased (P < 0.05) PSPB pregnancy (59%) and lambing rates (56%) in OT-sham ewes and pregnancy and lambing rates in CM ewes (both 43%). Neither CM nor OT before LAI affected lambing rates to next estrus, indicating no long-term damage to the cervix or uterus. In summary, CM did not affect fertility after LAI, but OT decreased lambing rate independent of CM. If OT will not be usable for TAI, it may still be a tool for training TAI personnel.
Verapamil analog with restricted molecular flexibility (1991)

Three analogues with restricted flexibility were designed to study the active conformation of verapamil during interaction with the slow calcium channel. Thus cis- and trans-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-N- methylamino]-r-1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile (5a and 5b), and 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-cyanopiper idine, in which the verapamil structure is inserted into a cyclohexane or piperidine ring, were synthesized. Conformational analysis was performed with NMR and theoretical methods, and slow calcium channel antagonism was tested on guinea pig aorta strips. The compounds are some 100 times less potent than the parent compound even if they are able to reach conformations that are quite close to the lowest energy conformation proposed for verapamil and similar compounds. It appears that the flexibility to rotate around the bond between the quaternary atom and the adjacent methylene, a property which is lost in compounds 5a, 5b, and 6, is a major requisite for the calcium antagonism of verapamil.
Magnetospheric imaging: Promise to reality (2005)

Measurements of the plasmas, energetic particles, and electric and magnetic fields within the Earth's magnetosphere have been made with ever greater coverage and precision throughout the past 46 years; but until recently, no images of this important environment were available. However, for 2 decades or more, theoretical estimates, data from sounding rockets, and background signals from orbiting instruments designed for in situ ion measurements accumulated to show that most of the plasmas contained in the inner magnetosphere could be imaged if new instruments designed for the purpose could be placed in a suitable high‐altitude orbit. With the launch of the NASA IMAGE satellite in March 2000 the promise of magnetospheric imaging began to be realized. IMAGE provides nearly continuous imaging of the inner magnetosphere on a nominal timescale of 2 min. The discoveries made by IMAGE during its first 5 years of operation are reviewed in this paper.
Access paths in the "Abe" statistical query facility (1982)

An increasingly important part of information processing today involves the taking of counts, sums, averages, and other statistical or aggregate quantities. The "Abe" query language is designed to make formulation of complicated aggregations simple. Access path selection in Abe finds efficient ways to execute these complicated queries. Access paths for Abe queries perform "aggregate joins", that is, they compute aggregate quantities at the same time as they join subqueries with parent queries. This can be done using index scans or merging scans depending on how many "partitions" need to be accessed.
Triallelic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Genotyping Error in Genetic Epidemiology Studies:<i>MDR1</i>(<i>ABCB1</i>)<i>G2677/T/A</i>as an Example (2007)

Accurate measurement of allele frequencies between population groups with differing sensitivities to disease is fundamental to genetic epidemiology. Genotyping errors can markedly influence the biological conclusions of a study. This issue may be especially important now there is increasing recognition of triallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome and their possible role in diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. For example, the MDR1 (ABCB1) SNP G2677/T/A was, like many other triallelic SNPs, originally described as diallelic. Here, we report a comprehensive analyses of estimated allele frequencies of this SNP in a set of 73 human DNA samples, comparing six commonly used genotyping methods (Applied Biosystems Taqman, Roche LightCycler melting analysis, allelic discrimination PCR, DNA sequencing, Sequenom, and RFLP) from the angle of their error potential. Only Sequenom and DNA sequencing provided accurate measurements, if we had not had prior knowledge of the triallelic nature of this SNP. The other tested methods (with the exception of LightCycler) failed to show any indication of the presence of the rare third A- allele in a diallelic assay. Although most of the errors were due to the inability to detect the third allele, all methods except Sequenom and sequencing produced errors for the detection of the two common alleles G and T (LightCycler, 6 errors; PCR, 4 errors; RFLP, 2 errors; Taqman, 1 error). There is considerable variability in the reported frequencies of the different alleles of the MDR1 G2677/T/A SNP, and the role of this SNP in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease has been controversial. Our data emphasize the importance of choosing the appropriate method for SNP detection and lead us to suggest that part of the previously reported variation may reflect artifacts associated with the different genotyping methodologies used. The failure to recognize the triallic nature of a SNP may lead to underestimations of real genetic associations.
Peak flow diaries in childhood asthma are unreliable (2001)

Peak flow diaries kept by asthmatic children are unreliable. Electronic peak flow meters should be used if peak flow monitoring is required in children with asthma.
Using Ethidium Bromide To Probe the Interactions between DNA and Dendrimers (1999)

Investigations have been carried out to probe the interactions between double-stranded DNA and amine-terminated, ethylenediamine core polyamidoamine starburst dendrimers generation 2 (G2), generation 4 (G4), and generation 7 (G7). Ethidium bromide is used as a fluorescent probe for this study. Under our experimental conditions, the results show that there is mainly one binding mode between ethidium and DNA−dendrimer complexes and that dendrimers bind to DNA sufficiently strongly that they cannot be displaced by ethidium. In the proposed binding model for DNA−dendrimer complexes, the DNA wraps around G7 dendrimers while the wrapping of DNA does not occur for G2 and G4 dendrimers. DNA−dendrimer interactions display little preference on DNA base components. The influence of pH and ionic strength is in agreement with electrostatic interactions as the major binding force for DNA−dendrimer complexes.
Auxin and the developing root of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2005)

The plant hormone auxin has long been known to play a crucial role in plant growth and development, but how it affects so many different processes has remained a mystery. Recent evidence from genetic and molecular studies has begun to reveal a possible mechanism for auxin action. In this article we will present an overview with specific emphasis on auxin's role in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana , focusing on cell division, elongation and differentiation.
Optical functions of uniaxial ZnO determined by generalized ellipsometry (1998)

The optical functions of uniaxial ZnO have been determined using two-modulator generalized ellipsometry, where a single measurement is sufficient to determine the optical functions from appropriately aligned uniaxial crystals. Above the direct band edge $(\ensuremath{\sim}3.3\mathrm{eV}),$ this technique produces the most accurate values of the optical functions of ZnO presently available, while the refractive indices determined below the direct band edge agree with minimum-deviation methods. Near the direct band edge, the optical functions are modified by the excitonic interaction with a three-dimensional critical point. The optical dielectric response functions are fit to a recent formulation by Holden et al. [Phys. Rev. B 56, 4037 (1997)]. One isotropic point in the spectrum was observed at 3.114 eV, and a near-isotropic point near 3.31--3.34 eV.
Design Considerations for a Greenhouse on Mars: Accounting for Plant Evapotranspiration (2004)

Increases in evapotranspiration of plants in low-pressure environments can lead to water stress. Plants will be an integral component of any long-term space mission, so it is important that design and management decisions consider effects on plant production. This paper discusses the ongoing development of an evapotranspiration model for low-pressure environments such as a greenhouse on Mars. The model is based on the Penman-Monteith model and accounts for the biological and physical interactions of plants and environment. A theoretical heat transfer model shows that boundary layer thickness increases significantly at low pressure, but external resistance becomes almost negligible. At low pressures, the leaf heat balance is dominated by evapotranspiration and radiation. In a preliminary study, the air-leaf temperature difference was 4-6 oC for plants at 10 kPa and nearly 0 oC at atmospheric pressure.
Indoor scene structure analysis for single image depth estimation (2015)

We tackle the problem of single image depth estimation, which, without additional knowledge, suffers from many ambiguities. Unlike previous approaches that only reason locally, we propose to exploit the global structure of the scene to estimate its depth. To this end, we introduce a hierarchical representation of the scene, which models local depth jointly with mid-level and global scene structures. We formulate single image depth estimation as inference in a graphical model whose edges let us encode the interactions within and across the different layers of our hierarchy. Our method therefore still produces detailed depth estimates, but also leverages higher-level information about the scene. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach over local depth estimation methods on standard indoor datasets.