gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of oligomers from the polycondensation of citric acid with ethylene glycol and long‐chain aliphatic alcohols (2003)

Abstract The structural characterization of polyesters of citric acid (CA) with ethylene glycol and long‐chain aliphatic alcohols (ROH), prepared by the composition of the reaction mixture being adjusted slightly away from stoichiometric equivalence, was performed with 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. The aliphatic alcohols employed were 1‐decanol, 1‐dodecanol, and 1‐octadecanol. The 13 C‐NMR carbonyl region presented four groups of signals, two corresponding to the ester groups and two corresponding to the acid groups. However, symmetric and asymmetric groups of CA moieties were identified in the 13 C‐NMR spectra. The ester yield from ROH decreased as the number of carbon atoms in the alcohols increased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 302–306, 2003
Absenteeism Among Employees Treated for Depression (1999)

Depression-related costs include a relatively large share of indirect costs. We describe the impact of antidepressant treatment on absenteeism among workers diagnosed and treated for depression. Monthly absenteeism counts from employers were summed in the 6 months before and after the initiation of antidepressant therapy in 630 workers treated for depression with a tricyclic antidepressant or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine). Monthly mean absenteeism was compared using pairwise t tests. Absenteeism increased before antidepressant initiation and decreased after the treatment began for all antidepressant cohorts. Absenteeism in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor cohorts decreased at similar rates for 4 months but was higher in the paroxetine cohort in months five and six after the treatment initiation. Our data suggest that alternative treatments for depression may have differential impact on indirect costs, but further research is warranted.
An experimental comparison of symbolic and connectionist learning algorithms (1989)

Despite the fact that many symbolic and connectionist (neural net) learning algorithms are addressing the same problem of learning from classified examples, very little Is known regarding their comparative strengths and weaknesses. This paper presents the results of experiments comparing the ID3 symbolic learning algorithm with the perceptron and back-propagation connectionist learning algorithms on several large real-world data sets. The results show that ID3 and perceptron run significantly faster than does backpropagation, both during learning and during classification of novel examples. However, the probability of correctly classifying new examples is about the same for the three systems. On noisy data sets there is some indication that backpropagation classifies more accurately. 1.
The GARP Complex Is Involved in Intracellular Cholesterol Transport via Targeting NPC2 to Lysosomes (2017)

Proper intracellular cholesterol trafficking is critical for cellular function. Two lysosome-resident proteins, NPC1 and NPC2, mediate the egress of low-density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol from lysosomes. However, other proteins involved in this process remain largely unknown. Through amphotericin B-based selection, we isolated two cholesterol transport-defective cell lines. Subsequent whole-transcriptome-sequencing analysis revealed two cell lines bearing the same mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 53 (Vps53) gene. Depletion of VPS53 or other subunits of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex impaired NPC2 sorting to lysosomes and caused cholesterol accumulation. GARP deficiency blocked the retrieval of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) to the trans-Golgi network. Further, Vps54 mutant mice displayed reduced cellular NPC2 protein levels and increased cholesterol accumulation, underscoring the physiological role of the GARP complex in cholesterol transport. We conclude that the GARP complex contributes to intracellular cholesterol transport by targeting NPC2 to lysosomes in a CI-MPR-dependent manner.
Overcoming confounded controls in the analysis of gene expression data from microarray experiments. (2003)

A potential limitation of data from microarray experiments exists when improper control samples are used. In cancer research, comparisons of tumour expression profiles to those from normal samples is challenging due to tissue heterogeneity (mixed cell populations). A specific example exists in a published colon cancer dataset, in which tissue heterogeneity was reported among the normal samples. In this paper, we show how to overcome or avoid the problem of using normal samples that do not derive from the same tissue of origin as the tumour. We advocate an exploratory unsupervised bootstrap analysis that can reveal unexpected and undesired, but strongly supported, clusters of samples that reflect tissue differences instead of tumour versus normal differences. All of the algorithms used in the analysis, including the maximum difference subset algorithm, unsupervised bootstrap analysis, pooled variance t-test for finding differentially expressed genes and the jackknife to reduce false positives, are incorporated into our online Gene Expression Data Analyzer ( http:// bioinformatics.upmc.edu/GE2/GEDA.html ).
The G protein-coupled receptor T-cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) facilitates tumor development by serving as an extracellular pH sensor (2010)

Tumors often are associated with a low extracellular pH, which induces a variety of cellular events. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells recognize and react to the acidic environment have not been fully elucidated. T-cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) is an extracellular pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in various tumors and tumor cell lines. In this report, we show that TDAG8 on the surface of tumor cells facilitates tumor development by sensing the acidic environment. Overexpression of TDAG8 in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells enhanced tumor development in animal models and rendered LLC cells resistant to acidic culture conditions by increasing activation of protein kinase A and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in vitro. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous TDAG8 in NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells reduced cell survival in an acidic environment in vitro as well as tumor development in vivo. Microarray analyses of tumor-containing lung tissues of mice injected with TDAG8-expressing LLC cells revealed up-regulation of genes related to cell growth and glycolysis. These results support the hypothesis that TDAG8 enhances tumor development by promoting adaptation to the acidic environment to enhance cell survival/proliferation. TDAG8 may represent a therapeutic target for arresting tumor growth.
Conversion of sucrose to isomaltulose by Klebsiella planticola CCRC 19112 (1998)

An isomaltulose-producing bacterium was isolated and taxonomically characterized. Its morphological and biochemical properties conform best to those described for Klebsiella planticola. When cultured under optimal conditions, the organism simultaneously converted sucrose into both isomaltulose (-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-fructose) and trehalulose (-D-glucopyranosyl-1,1-fructose) with substrate conversion rates of 80% and 15%, respectively. Sucrose and Bacto-tryptone were the most effective carbon and supplemental nitrogen sources, respectively, for producing cells of high isomaltulose-forming ability. None of several inorganic salts tested had any significant effect. The major product formed in the reaction mixture was verified to be isomaltulose by co-chromatography and IR spectroscopy.
Eat as much as you can (2014)

In this demo, we present a Kinect-based interactive game which provides patients of facial palsy with a better and more fun way to perform facial physical therapy. By letting the user get scores when he/she bites or licks the virtual foods falling from the sky, the game goads the user into exercising their facial muscles. A robust bite action detector and an efficient tip-of-tongue locating method are developed to realize this game. Based on the head pose estimated by the depth clue, we classify the face orientation and locate the mouth region in each frame. The movements of lips are measured to detect the bite action, and different strategies are designed to more accurately detect the tip-of-tongue for various face orientations. The experimental results show that our method can be successfully applied to different users.
Current Status of Applications of Extensive Greening Technology (2012)

This research was executed to analyze the problems of Korean type of 'Light-weight' Greening that has been applied similarly by the type of 'Intensive Greening,' and to suggest the better way. To achieve this purpose, we compared and analyzed the theory about the definition of Korean type of Roof Greening and the type of Greening of FLL. And we researched documents and fields of 18 sites of Seoul City that applied the type of 'Light-weigh' Greening, and produced improvement issues and directions. To resolve the confusion of the type definition and site application, arising from considering 'weight of greening' as the main viewpoint to classify the type of Greening, we have to change the term 'Light-weight' with more suitable for contents-based definitions. According to a 'Light-weight' Greening field survey, only 5 among 18 sites are suitable for Extensive Greening and the rest sites show the character of Intensive Greening. Korean concept of 'Light-weight' Greening corresponds with the definition of 'Weight of Greening', but has a problem that does not correspond with the viewpoint of 'Maintenance of Greening'. This problem comes from the fact that the surveyed Light-weight(extensive) Greening sites are designed and executed for use. Therefore, Extensive Greening is proper to be applied for sites, excluded from use. 5 sites, determined suitable for Extensive Greening, adopts 'Sedum-herbaceous Planting' or 'Sedum-grasses Planting' forms of Greening, based on Sedum. So, it has to precede with selecting and breeding plants for developing various forms of Greening, suitable for Extensive Greening including 'Grasses-herbaceous Planting.'
<title>Graded-Layer-Thickness Bragg X-Ray Reflectors</title> (1982)

Multilayer x-ray reflectors which have layers that vary in thickness, either in depth or laterally along the surface, were prepared by sputtering. Alternating layers of W and C were deposited on flexible mica and smooth silicon-wafer substrates. X-ray diffraction properties of the multilayers were measured in the 1.54-8.34 A region. The mutlilayer on mica represents a dual-spacing depth-graded device. Diffraction from both the multilayer and mica was observed. A smoothly-depth-graded multilayer on silicon has a relatively-wide rocking curve which agrees well with diffraction theory. A laterally-graded multilayer on silicon has a bilayer thickness (d value) which varies linearly from 24.8 to 29.2 A in 6 cm.
Dipyrone Inhibits Neuronal Cell Death and Diminishes Hypoxic/Ischemic Brain Injury (2011)

Dipyrone is remarkably neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia, and its cyclooxygenase-independent protective properties are, at least in part, due to the inhibition of mitochondrial cell death cascades.
Addendum to "Design of Microwave GaAs MESFET's for Broad-Band Low-Noise Amplifiers" (1981)

It has been called to the author's attention that (3) in the above paper appears to be inadequate, especially for scaling.
Preparation and Properties of rf Sputtered Films of ZnO as an Ultrasonic Transducer (1971)

Technique for preparation and properties of ZnO films by an r f sputtering method are described. This technique enables to obtain ultrasonic transducers for high frequencies of 300 MHz∼9 GHz, keeping the temperature of substrates between room temperature and 100°C. The films with the resistivity of 4×10 4 Ωcm are obtained without annealing. It is found that the films are preferentially oriented with the c -axis normal to the substrate at the thickness of 3000Å, but the grain size along the a -axis is estimated to be about 150Å.
A Simple, Rapid, High-resolution Chromosome Technic for Lymphocytes (1983)

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes were exposed to a hypotonic solution consisting of equal parts of 0.075 M 2-Mercaptoethanol and 0.075 M KCl, followed by addition of colcemid. The cells were fixed and washed in the usual manner. The slides then were subjected to trypsin-Giemsa banding. This method yields a high percentage of mitotic figures in prophase and prometaphase, ideal for high-resolution chromosome analysis.
Technique for Screening 2 <sup>n</sup> Combinations of Nutritional Requirements (1969)

An auxanographic technique is described, which makes it possible to screen 2(n) combinations of nutrients on relatively few agar plates.
Thinking the unthinkable: A role for pain compliance and mechanical restraint in the management of violence? (2005)

Brodie Paterson argues that it is not only the means of restraint that is a source of concern and debate, but the perceptions of service users regarding the motivation of those who use it
Methylation Silencing of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Type II in Rat Prostate Cancers (2008)

To identify methylation-silenced genes in prostate cancers, a microarray analysis for genes up-regulated by treatment with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, was performed using three rat prostate cancer cell lines. Eight genes (Aebp1, Dysf, Gas6, LOC361288, Nnat, Ocm, RGD1308119, and Tgfbr2) were re-expressed at 16-fold or more, and their promoter CpG islands were shown to be densely methylated in the cancer cell lines. From the eight genes, Tgfbr2, a key mediator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling that has been strongly implicated in human and rat prostate carcinogenesis, was selected, and its silencing in primary samples was analyzed further. Tgfbr2 was methylated and markedly down-regulated in three of seven 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced invasive adenocarcinomas in the dorsolateral lobe of the rat prostate. In humans, marked down-regulation of TGFBR2 protein was observed in 12 of 20 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 36 of 60 prostate cancers. DNA methylation of the human TGFBR2 promoter CpG islands repressed transcription, if present, but neither methylation nor mutation were detected in 27 human prostate cancers analyzed. Methylation silencing of rat Tgfbr2 was associated with histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, whereas decreased expression of human TGFBR2 was mainly due to decreased transcription activity, sometimes in concert with histone deacetylation and H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. The identification of methylation silencing of Tgfbr2 in rat prostate cancers, in accordance with TGFBR2 down-regulation in human prostate cancers, will enable us to analyze how aberrant methylation is induced in vivo and identify factors that promote and suppress the induction of aberrant methylation.
Localization of an estrogen receptor binding site near the promoter of the uteroglobin gene (1990)

By means of a DNA-cellulose competitive binding assay, we have studied the interaction of the estrogen receptor with genomic fragments of the estrogen responsive rabbit uteroglobin gene. The fragments spanned from 3255 bp upstream to 1754 bp downstream of the initiation site. Only a fragment (-396/+8) showed strong affinity for the receptor. Within this fragment a unique palindromic sequence (GGTCAccaTGCCC) was found which is very similar to the canonical consensus sequence for the estrogen receptor. A synthetic oligonucleotide of that structure specifically competed for the binding of the receptor to DNA-cellulose.
Einführung (1990)

Im Rahmen der staats- und verwaltungswissenschaftlichen Diskussion erfährt die erweiterte Dezentralisierung politischer Systeme seit einigen Jahren wachsende Aufmerksamkeit.2 Die vorliegende Untersuchung greift diese Themenstellung für die Niederlande auf.
Structure-Functional Study of Tyrosine and Methionine Dipeptides: An Approach to Antioxidant Activity Prediction (2015)

Quantum chemical methods allow screening and prediction of peptide antioxidant activity on the basis of known experimental data. It can be used to design the selective proteolysis of protein sources in order to obtain products with antioxidant activity. Molecular geometry and electronic descriptors of redox-active amino acids, as well as tyrosine and methionine-containing dipeptides, were studied by Density Functional Theory method. The calculated data was used to reveal several descriptors responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the model compounds based on their experimentally obtained antioxidant capacities against ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) and peroxyl radical. A formula to predict antioxidant activity of peptides was proposed.
Dipolar Ions Related to Taurine (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDipolar Ions Related to TaurineJAMES D. BARNHURSTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4520–4522Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a077https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Date Tree Fiber-Based LCM for Severe Loss Control (2020)

Different types of conventional and unconventional fibrous LCMs have been used in the design of loss control slurry and/or LCM pill to overcome the loss circulation problems. Almost all of these fibrous LCM products are imported from overseas countries. Hence, the objective of this pioneering research is to develop an eco-friendly fibrous LCM product using a locally available raw materials that has a sustainable source of supply in the Kingdom or in this region to ensure continuous support for exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in the region. Review of all locally available natural resources lead to the identification of a sustainable source of high fiber containing raw materials for localization of fibrous LCM production to combat moderate to severe loss of circulation. A physio-mechanical process involving collection, washing, drying, chopping and grinding were used to prepare the fibrous LCM product using the whole date tree wastes. Several widely used water-based muds such as bentonite mud, NaCl-polymer mud, KCl-Polymer mud and CaCl2-Polymer mud were used to evaluate the sealing and plugging performance of the Fibrous LCM. 10 and 30 ppb novel fibrous LCM were added to each mud system and then mixed properly to make a homogenous loss control slurry. Test conducted using PPT apparatus and 2-mm slotted disc at 1500 psi pressure and 250° F temperature showed effective sealing and plugging performance with all the mud systems. Test conducted using a 20-30 mm pebble bed simulating a rubble type super-K loss zone under 100 psi overbalance pressure also showed effective sealing and blocking potential for the newly developed LCM product when incorporated in a 65 pcf bentonite mud. Two high performing commercial LCM products such as STOPLOSS and Soluseal also showed similar performance. However, test conducted with an in-house developed Vug Test apparatus with a 10mm circular hole simulating an equivalent vug showed effective sealing and plugging for the newly developed LCM product. But the two high performing commercial LCM products mentioned before failed to seal the 10-mm vug. This indicates that the newly developed date tree waste-based LCM product has superior sealing and blocking capacity than the commercial products used for comparative evaluation. Hence, it could be concluded that the eco-friendly and biodegradable date palm industry waste can provide a sustainable source of local supply of fibrous LCM product to meet the industry demand.
Pka, Ras and RGS Protein Interactions Regulate Activity of AflR, a Zn(II)2Cys6 Transcription Factor in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2003)

Abstract Sterigmatocystin (ST) is a carcinogenic polyketide produced by several filamentous fungi including Aspergillus nidulans. Expression of ST biosynthetic genes (stc genes) requires activity of a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, AflR. aflR is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by a G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PkaA) signaling pathway involving FlbA, an RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) protein. Prior genetic data showed that FlbA transcriptional regulation of aflR was PkaA dependent. Here we show that mutation of three PkaA phosphorylation sites in AflR allows resumption of stc expression in an overexpression pkaA background but does not remediate stc expression in a ΔflbA background. This demonstrates negative regulation of AflR activity by phosphorylation and shows that FlbA post-transcriptional regulation of aflR is PkaA independent. AflR nucleocytoplasmic location further supports PkaA-independent regulation of AflR by FlbA. GFP-tagged AflR is localized to the cytoplasm when pkaA is overexpressed but nuclearly located in a ΔflbA background. aflR is also transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by RasA. RasA transcriptional control of aflR is PkaA independent but RasA post-transcriptional control of AflR is partially mediated by PkaA.