gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture, Politics and Mccarthyism: A Retrospective from the Trenches (1996)

Defining McCarthyism has become something of an intellectual mini-industry among those who study contemporary American political history.For an older generation of scholars and writers, it is an exercise in memory retrieval; while for a younger generation, it is all too often an act of mythology.For example, the author of a fine biography of Kenneth Rexroth, in the midst of celebrating the 1953-1955 period, cannot avoid alluding to the pall of McCarthyism by referring to these culturally brilliant years as "The Silent Decade." 1 But if there are contradictions in social science preachments, so too are there lapses in anecdotal acts of memory recollection.Despite the existence of a few genuinely brilliant works on the subject of McCarthyism, 2 the nature of the man and the period he presumably represented remains elusive.I suspect that this elusive nature is due to the appellation itself.We tend to think of "isms" in substantive, world historical and ideological terms.But McCarthyism divides rather than unites informed opinion.So much so that we find Democrats and Republicans, statists and libertarians, nationalists and regionalists, labor leaders and managerial moguls, Jews and Christians of the early 1950s all strongly aligned either with or against the Wisconsin senator.What is clear is the powerful emotive responses he generates, even in retrospect.Herein lies at least one essential element of McCarthyism: its ability to define the sentiments, the epochal spirit, while basically leaving untouched its structural
Experimental measurement of time-dependant photon scatter for diffuse optical tomography (2010)

Time-resolved measurement of early arriving photons through diffusive media has been shown to effectively reduce the high degree of light scatter in biological tissue. However, the experimentally achievable reduction in photon scatter and the impact of time-gated detection on instrument noise performance is not well understood. We measure time-dependent photon density sensitivity functions (PDSFs) between a pulsed laser source and a photomultiplier tube operating in time-correlated single-photon-counting mode. Our data show that with our system, measurement of early arriving photons reduces the full width half maximum of PDSFs on average by about 40 to 60% versus quasicontinuous wave photons over a range of experimental conditions similar to those encountered in small animal tomography, corresponding to a 64 to 84% reduction in PDSF volume. Factoring in noise considerations, the optimal operating point of our instrument is determined to be about the 10% point on the rising edge of the transmitted intensity curve. Time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations and the time-resolved diffusion approximation are used to model photon propagation and are evaluated for agreement with experimental data.
Text entry rate of access interfaces used by people with physical disabilities: A systematic review (2017)

This study systematically reviewed the research on assistive technology (AT) access interfaces used for text entry, and conducted a quantitative synthesis of text entry rates (TER) associated with common interfaces. We searched 10 databases and included studies in which: typing speed was reported in words per minute (WPM) or equivalent; the access interface was available for public use; and individuals with physical impairments were in the study population. For quantitative synthesis, we used only the TER reported for individuals with physical impairments. Studies also had to report the sample size, and the average and standard deviation for the TER data. Thirty-nine studies met the criteria for quantitative synthesis. Studies involved seven interface types: standard keyboard typing, on-screen keyboard (OSK) with cursor selection, OSK with scanning selection, automatic speech recognition (ASR), Morse code, brain-computer interface (BCI), and other. ASR, standard keyboard, cursor OSK, and scanning OSK had at least four studies and 30 subjects, with TER averaging 15.4, 12.5, 4.2, and 1.7 WPM, respectively. When combined with measurements of a particular client's text entry performance, the TER from this review can be used within an evidence-based decision-making process for selecting control interfaces.
General method for the synthesis of 2′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides by the use of [1,2]-hydride shift and β-elimination reactions (1992)

The title nucleosides (16U, C, G and H) were synthesized from pyrimidine and purine ribonucleosides in about 30% overall yield in 6 steps via key intermediates, protected 3′-deoxy-‘arabino’-nucleosides, which were obtained by deoxygenative [1,2]-hydride shift and β-elimination reactions of sulfonylated ribo-counterparts. Xanthine analogues (9X and 16X) were prepared from the corresponding guanine nucleosides. The unprotected 3′-deoxy-‘arabino’-nucleosides (9U,C,A,G,H,X) and their azido nucleosides 16 did not show any significant activity against either HIV in vitro or P388 leukaemia in mice.
대중화권 주식시장 사이의 동태적 상관관계 분석 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 대중화권 주식시장들 사이의 동태적 상관관계를 DCC-GARCH 모형과 2000년 1월 4일부터 2015년 3월 5일까지 일별 자료를 이용하여 추정하고 그것의 분석결과로부터 정책적 시사점을 얻는 것이다. 본 연구의 실증분석에서 얻은 주요 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 첫째, 상해주식시장과 심천주식시장 사이의 동조화 경향이 가장 강하게 나타나고, 금융위기 전후에 그 경향이 그다지 변하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 홍콩주식시장과 대만 주식시장 사이의 동조화 경향이 상대적으로 크게 나타나고, 금융위기 이후에 그 경향이 더 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중국 대륙 두 주식시장과 홍콩 및 대만 주식시장 사이의 동조화 경향이 상대적으로 크지는 않지만 글로벌 충격을 거치면서 뚜렷하게 강화되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 정책 입안자, 국제 투자자 및 자산관리자에 대한 몇 가지 중요한 정책적 시사점을 제공할 수 있다.
Maximum likelihood principal component analysis (1997)

The theoretical principles and practical implementation of a new method for multivariate data analysis, maximum likelihood principal component analysis (MLPCA), are described. MLCPA is an analog to principal component analysis (PCA) that incorporates information about measurement errors to develop PCA models that are optimal in a maximum likelihood sense. The theoretical foundations of MLPCA are initially established using a regression model and extended to the framework of PCA and singular value decomposition (SVD). An efficient and reliable algorithm based on an alternating regression method is described. Generalization of the algorithm allows its adaptation to cases of correlated errors provided that the error covariance matrix is known. Models with intercept terms can also be accommodated. Simulated data and near-infrared spectra, with a variety of error structures, are used to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm. Convergence times depend on the error structure but are typically around a few minutes. In all cases, models determined by MLPCA are found to be superior to those obtained by PCA when non-uniform error distributions are present, although the level of improvement depends on the error structure of the particular data set. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium isolated from an East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent. (2002)

A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain AM1116T, was isolated from an East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent sample. The cells were rod-shaped (1.01-5 x 0.5 microm), motile with polar flagella. They grew at temperatures between 50 and 70 degrees C (optimum 60 degrees C; doubling time approximately 1.5 h), at between pH 5.0 and 7.5 (optimum around pH 5.5-6.0) and in between 10 and 40 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20-25 g l(-1)). Cells grew chemolithoautotrophically in a H2/CO2 atmosphere (80:20; 200 kPa). Poor heterotrophic growth was observed on complex organic substrates. Elemental sulphur and nitrate served as electron acceptors, respectively yielding hydrogen sulphide and ammonia (doubling times were equal with the two electron acceptors). In contrast, when cystine was used as electron acceptor, growth was poor. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 29 +/- 1 mol %. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene located the strain within the epsilon-Proteobacteria, in the bacterial domain. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence comparisons, physiological and biochemical characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate should be described as the type species of a new genus, Caminibacter gen. nov., as Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus sp. nov. The type strain is strain AM1116T (= DSM 14510T = CIP 107140T).
Current State of Multivariate Cryptography (2017)

A review of the current state of multivariate public-key cryptosystems compares and contrasts the most promising multivariate schemes in digital signatures and public-key encryption as well as their security.
A 0.1&#x2013;5GHz Dual-VCO software-defined &#x2211;&#x0394; frequency synthesizer in 45nm digital CMOS (2009)

A wide-band frequency synthesizer architecture for software defined radio applications is presented, based on a dual-VCO SigmaDelta phase locked loop (PLL), with a wide-range modulus programmable divider. The design combines high flexibility to cover several wireless standards, with a scalable implementation, exploiting the capabilities of advanced digital technologies at reduced area costs. The prototype in 1.1-V 45-nm digital CMOS achieves a 4.3 to 10 GHz PLL tuning range, with programmable K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VCO</sub> , bandwidth, between 110 and 320 KHz, and current consumption, ranging from 20 to 29 mA. Measured phase noise is -122 dBc/Hz at 2-MHz offset from a 7.2 GHz carrier.
From the developer to the learner: describing grammar – learning grammar (1999)

This paper sketches the place and function of grammar in the context of language learning in general and attempts to show the relevance and usefulness of these formal concepts of grammar to Computer-Assisted Language Learning in particular. The approach to grammar described here will be illustrated through a brief discussion of a grammar checker for English learners of German, ‘Textana’, which is being developed at UMIST.
Estimation Methods for Two-Dimensional Conduction Effects of Shock-Shock Heat Fluxes (2000)

Highly localized heating rates occur in extreme thermal environments, such as shock ‐shock interaction at hypersonic speeds. Experimental estimation of heat e ux usually involves measurement of discrete unsteady surface temperatures on low conductivity materials that are chosen to reduce conduction effects. Typically, temperature measurementsarereducedtoheate uxesusingone-dimensionalconductiontechniques.However,lateralconduction from localized high heat e ux regions into low heat e ux regions is signie cant and ine uences the one-dimensional solution. The one-dimensional solution also suffers mathematical instabilities. To evaluate the nonuniform, unsteady surface e ux from measured temperatures, an inverse technique was devised that damps instabilities in the temporal direction and resolves large and sudden e ux changes in the spatial direction. Based on previous work, a simple inverse method was used in time, and a function specie cation method was used in space. Furthermore, a technique was devised to expedite the solution by marching in space as well as in time. The new multidimensional inversemethodwasfound toresolvesteep spatialgradientsmoreaccuratelyine uxthana one-dimensionalmethod. Furthermore, the inverse procedure exhibits better stability than a multidimensional forward technique.
ERRATA: Surface Effects on <i>n</i>-Type Silicon in Contact with Liquid Helium (1965)

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Representation of ion implantation profiles by Pearson frequency distribution curves (1990)

A method is described whereby ion implantation profiles in amorphous materials may be accurately represented by Pearson frequency distribution curves. The type of Pearson distribution to be used depends upon the implantation conditions but it is shown that the three main types, I, IV and VI, together with the transition types II, III, V, VII and the Gaussian are all suitable representations. Previous attempts to fit Pearson curves to implantation profiles have often failed due to semi-infinite moments being used instead of infinite moments. This approximation is only valid when the surface concentration of implanted ions is negligibly small.
The analgesic activity of morphine‐6‐glucuronide. (1992)

1. The pharmacokinetics, cardio-respiratory effects and analgesic effects of intravenous morphine-6-glucuronide were studied in 20 cancer patients with pain. Four different dose levels (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg 70 kg-1) were studied. Plasma concentrations of morphine-6-glucuronide were measured for 12 h after dosing. Pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure were monitored, and pain relief was measured using two rating scales and a visual analogue scale. 2. The mean elimination half-life (+/- s.d.) of morphine-6-glucuronide was 3.2 +/- 1.6 h. The mean AUC standardised to a dose of 1 mg 70 kg-1 was 390 +/- 263 nmol l-1 h. Mean morphine-6-glucuronide clearance was 96 +/- 38 ml min-1. There was a direct relationship between morphine-6-glucuronide plasma clearance and calculated creatinine clearance (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001). 38 +/- 22% of the dose of morphine-6-glucuronide was recovered unchanged in the urine in 24 h. No morphine or morphine-3-glucuronide was detected in the plasma or urine of any patient after morphine-6-glucuronide treatment. 3. Morphine-6-glucuronide exerted a useful analgesic effect in 17/19 assessable patients for periods ranging between 2 and 24 h. No correlation was observed between dose or plasma morphine-6-glucuronide concentrations, and duration or degree of analgesia. No clinically significant changes in cardio-respiratory parameters were observed. No patients reported sedation or euphoria. Nausea and vomiting were notably absent in all cases. 4. Morphine-6-glucuronide is an effective and well-tolerated analgesic. It is likely that the majority of the therapeutic benefit of morphine is mediated by morphine-6-glucuronide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reality-based optimization (2003)

Profile-based optimization has been studied extensively. Numerous papers and real systems have shown substantial improvements. However, most of these papers have been limited to either branch prediction or instruction cache performance. Also, most of these papers have looked at small applications with a limited number of testing and training scenarios. In this paper, we look at real use of large real-world desktop applications. We also assume memory consumption and disk performance are the primary metrics of interest. For this domain, we show that it is very difficult to get adequate coverage of large applications even with an extensive collection of training scenarios. We propose instead to augment traditional scenarios with data derived from real use. We show that this methodology allows us to reduce memory pressure by 29% and disk reads by 33% compared to traditional approaches.
A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing (2012)

Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repeated-dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity testing. An expert workshop of 35 participants from Europe and the US discussed and refined these whitepapers, which were subsequently compiled to form the present report. By prioritizing the many options to move the field forward, the expert group hopes to advance regulatory science.
Synthesis of dimethyl fumarate (2003)

The dimethyl fumarate is synthesized by onestep from maleic anhydrid and methanol in the presence of mixed catalyst.The optimum conditions were as follows:a mixture of 0.5 g ferric chloride,1.0 ml sulfuric acid,2.0 ml phosphoric acid,1.0 g sulfourea and 1.0 g natrium brominates,4 g maleic anhydride with methanol was refluxed for 2 h. The yield of product can reach 88% with 99% purity.The method has advantages of simple operation and short reaction time.
Scanning a TEM_00 Mode Laser Beam Through SELFOC Fibers (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Arthur N. Rosen, "Scanning a TEM00 Mode Laser Beam Through SELFOC Fibers," Appl. Opt. 11, 946-947 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effects of Acyclic Retinoid on Growth, Cell Cycle Control, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling, and Gene Expression in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells (2004)

We described recently the growth inhibitory effects of the novel compound acyclic retinoid (ACR) in human hepatoma cell lines (M. Suzui et al., Cancer Res., 62: 3997-4006, 2002). In this study we examined the cellular and molecular effects of ACR on human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. ACR inhibited growth of the esophageal SCC cell line HCE7, and the head and neck SCC cell lines YCU-N861 and YCU-H891, with IC(50) values of approximately 10, 25, and 40 microM, respectively. Detailed studies were then done with HCE7 cells. Treatment of these cells with 10 microM ACR caused an increase of cells in G(0)-G(1) and induced apoptosis. This was associated with two phases of molecular events. During phase 1, which occurred within 6-12 h, there was an increase in the retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) and p21(CIP1) proteins, and their corresponding mRNAs, and a decrease in the hyperphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma protein. During phase 2, which occurred at approximately 24 h, there was a decrease in the cellular level of transforming growth factor alpha, and the phosphorylated (i.e., activated) forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor, Stat3, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase proteins, and a decrease in both cyclin D1 protein and mRNA. Reporter assays indicated that ACR inhibited the transcriptional activity of the cyclin D1, c-fos, and activator protein promoters. On the other hand, ACR markedly stimulated the activity of a retinoic acid response element-CAT reporter when the cells were cotransfected with a RARbeta expression vector. A hypothetical model explaining these two phases is presented. The diverse effects that we obtained with ACR suggest that this agent might be useful in the chemoprevention and/or therapy of human SCCs.
The Dimensions of the Nasal Septal Cartilage: A Preliminary Study in Adult Filipino Malay Cadavers (2011)

Objective: This study aimed to measure the dimensions of the nasal septal cartilage in adult Filipino Malay cadavers and calculate the cartilage area and the amount of graft material that can be harvested from the septal cartilage. Methods: Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional Setting: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila College of Medicine Anatomy Laboratory Subjects: Ten (10) preserved adult cadavers dissected within a period from September 2010 to October 2010. The septal cartilages were harvested and the lengths of the cephalic margin, dorsal margin, caudal margin, and ventral margin were measured. From these measurements, the total area of the cartilage and the amount of graft material that can be harvested were calculated. Results: The mean length of each margin of the septal cartilage was 25.9mm (cephalic edge), 22.3 mm (dorsal edge), 21.4mm (caudal edge) and 33.1 mm (ventral edge). The area of the septal cartilage had a mean value of 652.5 mm2. The amount of septal cartilage which can be harvested had a mean area of 403mm2. Conclusion: This study showed a slight decrease in septal cartilage area to 652.5 mm2 and in available graft material to 403 mm2. While this decrease may reflect the apparently smaller noses of native Southeast Asians compared to East Asians and South Asians, the difference in values can also be due to the difference in the number of subjects or in methods of measurement, and further studies are recommended to determine the extent of inter-racial variability. Keywords: Septal cartilage, autologous graft
Abstract 5365: Alternating electric fields (TTFields) in combination with paclitaxel are therapeutically effective against ovarian cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2015)

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low intensity intermediate frequency alternating electric fields that disrupt mitosis. Our previous in vitro studies suggest that ovarian cancer cells are highly sensitive to TTFields treatment. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combined treatment of TTFields and paclitaxel against ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, TTFields (1.75 V/cm) were applied for 72 hours using the inovitro system. The in vivo efficacy of the combined treatment was tested in C57Bl/6 mice, orthotopically injected with MOSE-L FFL luciferase positive cells. Finite Element Mesh (FEM) simulations were performed using the Sim4life software package (ZMT, Zurich, Switzerland) for the calculations of the electric fields intensities around the ovaries. Our results demonstrate that in vitro application of 200 kHz TTFields led to a significant reduction in both the number of viable cells (44.6%) and the clonogenic potential (23.8%) as compared to untreated cells (p&lt;0.001). Further reduction in the number of viable cells was achieved when TTFields were combined with paclitaxel. In vivo, the combined treatment of TTFields and Paclitaxel led to a significant reduction in tumor luminescence (40%, p&lt;0.01) and in the tumor weight (55%, p&lt;0.05) as compared to untreated tumor bearing mice. FEM simulations demonstrated that electric fields intensities inside and in the vicinity of the ovaries of a real human anatomy model are about 1 and 2 V/cm RMS which is above the minimal threshold required for TTFields response. Taken together these results demonstrate that the combined treatment of TTFields and paclitaxel could serve as an effective treatment against ovarian cancer. A clinical trial testing the efficacy of the combined modalities is now underway. Citation Format: Mijal Munster, Christopher P. Roberts, Eva M. Schmelz, Moshe Giladi, Roni Blat, Rosa S. Schneiderman, Yaara Porat, Zeev Bomzon, Noa Urman, Aviran Itzhaki, Tali Voloshin Sela, Shay Cahal, Eilon D. Kirson, Uri Weinberg, Yoram Palti. Alternating electric fields (TTFields) in combination with paclitaxel are therapeutically effective against ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5365. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5365