gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anther, ovule, seed, and nucellar embryo development in<i>Citrus sinensis</i>cv. Valencia (1995)

'Valencia' orange, a commercially important cultivar of Citrus, forms polyembryonic seeds by an apomictic process called nucellar embryony in which many embryos initiate directly from nucellar cells surrounding the sexual embryo sac. We observed anther, ovule, seed, and fruit development in relation to nucellar embryo development in seeds and unfertilized ovules of 'Valencia'. Pollination and fertilization are required to set fruit in 'Valencia', and low seed set was found to be related to defects in both male and female gametogenesis. Nucellar embryo initial cells were evident histologically in ovules of flowers just prior to anthesis. However, in vitro culture of ovules from flowers at different prepollination stages showed that embryos could develop from ovules cultured as early as the binucleate stage of megagametogenesis in which nucellar initial cells were absent histologically. During fruit development, the timing and sequence of the early events of nucellar embryo formation were synchronous in seeds and unfertilized ovules, indicating a co-ordinated control of embryo development in spatially and developmentally distinct structures. In both developing seeds and unfertilized ovules, embryo initial cells first formed thick walls, which isolated them from surrounding maternal tissue. In later stages, the cell walls thinned in some initial cells and embryogenesis became asynchronous. Cleavage of embryogénie cells coincided with degenerative processes linked to embryo sac expansion in seeds and to a previously unreported, localized degeneration in the central portion of the nucellus in unfertilized ovules. Some initial cells never divided. Nucellar embryo development was restricted to the central portion of unfertilized ovules and to the micropylar region of seeds. Only fertilized ovules had the capacity to form mature polyembryonic seeds. In unfertilized ovules a specialized vascular structure formed linking developing embryos to the chalazal vasculature of the ovule. Embryo development arrested at the globular stage in unfertilized ovules and the integuments differentiated to form a seed coat. The timing of reproductive events described was linked to floral and fruit morphological characteristics to facilitate molecular characterization of nucellar embryogenesis and seed formation in this cultivar. Key words: Citrus, nucellar embryony, seed, ovule, apomixis.
Nails in the Brain (2012)

Large, Matthew FRANZCP; Nielssen, Olav MBBS, MCrim, FRANZCP; Babidge, Nicholas MBBS, FRANZCP Author Information
Current and prospective applications of non-proteinogenic amino acids in profiling of proteases substrate specificity (2012)

Proteases recognize their endogenous substrates based largely on a sequence of proteinogenic amino acids that surrounds the cleavage site. Currently, several methods are available to determine protease substrate specificity based on approaches employing proteinogenic amino acids. The knowledge about the specificity of proteases can be significantly extended by application of structurally diverse families of non-proteinogenic amino acids. From a chemical point of view, this information may be used to design specific substrates, inhibitors, or activity-based probes, while biological functions of proteases, such as posttranslational modifications can also be investigated. In this review, we discuss current and prospective technologies for application of non-proteinogenic amino acids in protease substrate specificity profiling.
A DESAUTOMATIZAÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM DA COCANHA: ENTREVISTA SATÍRICA COM JOANIM PEPPERONI, PhD (2017)

Joanim Pepperoni, PhD e o pseudonimo de um escritor da Serra Gaucha que nao deseja ser identificado. Em entrevista concedida aos coordenadores do projeto de extensao “Noticia da atual literatura brasileira: entrevistas”, que e um esforco no sentido de mapear a literatura brasileira do inicio do seculo XXI a partir da perspectiva dos proprios escritores, o satirista ironiza as nossas perguntas, comenta a desautomatizacao que inflige a linguagem cotidiana da ficticia Terra da Cocanha e embaralha as fronteiras entre ficcao e realidade.
Component-object interoperability in a heterogeneous distributed environment (1996)

Virtual Window System Chiron Server Chiron Server Chiron Client Chiron Client Concrete Depiction Artist Artist Dispatcher Artist ADT Wrapper ADT Wrapper ADT Text Text Text Wrapper Artist Application Chiron Client Figure 4.10: Chiron conceptual architecture. 52 user interface simultaneously active. The Chiron server remains responsive to user interface manipulation events, passing those events back to the artist in the clients as necessary. The application embedded in the client also remains active and can continue to manipulate its ADT interfaces while the user interface is active. To support this control model Chiron uses a peer-peer architecture: clients and servers contain both a Q server and client in order to provide two-way interprocess service. Figures 4.11 and 4.12 present the services provided by the Chiron client and server respectively. Note that both are supporting essentially message passing interfaces. The Chiron experience with Q has lead to key changes in Q. T...
Prepare and commit certification for decentralized transaction management in rigorous heterogeneous multidatabases (2003)

Algorithms for scheduling of distributed transactions in a heterogeneous multidatabase, in the presence of failures, are presented. The algorithms of prepare certification and commit certification protect against serialization errors called global view distortions and local view distortions. View serializable overall histories are guaranteed in the presence of most typical failures. The assumptions are, among others, that the participating database systems produce rigorous histories and that no local transaction may update the data accessed by a global transaction that is in the prepared state. The main advantage of the method, as compared to other known solutions, is that it is totally decentralized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Matlystatins, new inhibitors of type IV collagenases from Actinomadura atramentaria. II. Biological activities. (1992)

Matlystatin A, the main component of matlystatins, inhibits 92 kDa and 72 kDa typeIV collagenases with IC50 values of 0.3 microM and 0.56 microM, respectively, while 7- to 11-fold greater concentrations are required to inhibit thermolysin and aminopeptidase M. The inhibition is reversible and competitive with respect to gelatin. It inhibits the invasion of basement membrane Matrigel by human fibrosarcoma HT1080 dose-dependently with an IC50 value of 21.6 microM.
Identification of Mycelium-Associated Cellulase from <i>Streptomyces reticuli</i> (1989)

Among 180 Streptomyces strains tested, 25 were capable of hydrolyzing microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) at 30 degrees C. Streptomyces reticuli was selected for further studies because of its ability to grow at between 30 and 50 degrees C on Avicel. Enzymatic activities degrading Avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose, and cellobiose were found both in the culture supernatant and in association with the mycelium and crystalline substrate. The bound enzymes were efficiently solubilized by repeated washes with buffer of low ionic strength (50 mM Tris hydrochloride [pH 7.5]) and further purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. A high-molecular-weight Avicelase of >300 kilodaltons could be separated from carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and beta-glucosidase activities (molecular mass, 40 to 50 kilodaltons) by gel filtration on Superose 12. The CMCase fraction was resolved by Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography into two enzymes designated CMCase 1 and CMCase 2. The beta-glucosidase activity was found to copurify with CMCase 2. The purified cellulase components showed optimal activity at around pH 7.0 and temperatures of between 45 and 50 degrees C. Avicelase (but not CMCase) activity was stimulated significantly by the addition of CaCl(2).
Transgenic expression of the human amphiregulin gene induces a psoriasis-like phenotype. (1997)

Amphiregulin (AR) is a heparin-binding, heparin-inhibited member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and an autocrine growth factor for human keratinocytes. Previous studies have shown that AR expression is increased in psoriatic epidermis. To test the hypothesis that aberrant AR expression is central to the development of psoriatic lesions, we constructed a transgene (K14-ARGE) encoding a human keratin 14 promoter-driven AR gene. Our results indicate that transgene integration and subsequent expression of AR in basal keratinocytes correlated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype. Afflicted mice demonstrated shortened life spans, prominent scaling and erythematous skin with alopecia, and occasional papillomatous epidermal growths. Histologic examination revealed extensive areas of marked hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis, acanthosis, dermal and epidermal lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltration, and dilated blood vessels within the papillary dermis. Our results reveal that AR exerts activity in the skin that is distinct from that of transgenic transforming growth factor-alpha or other cytokines, and induces skin pathology with striking similarities to psoriasis. Our observations also link the keratinocyte EGF receptor-ligand system to psoriatic inflammation, and suggest that aberrant expression of AR in the epidermis may represent a critical step in the development or propagation of psoriatic lesions.
Glycation of the Complement Regulatory Protein CD59 Is a Novel Biomarker for Glucose Handling in Humans (2014)

We observed robust relationships between a single measurement of blood levels of GCD59 and both acute (2-hour OGTT) and chronic (HbA1c) measures of glucose handling. Lowering of GCD59 levels closely reflected lowering of average weekly glucose within 2 weeks. The role of GCD59 in the diagnosis, management, and vascular risk stratification in diabetes warrants further investigation.
Electronic Auctions and Intermediaries (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Market Models, Latency, Sticky Prices, Intermediaries, Distribution and E-commerce, EDI, New Technologies in the Quest for Competitive Advantage, Internet Auctions, Notes, Experiences with Electronic Auctions in the Dutch Flower Industry, E*Trade Securities, Inc.
Ultrahigh pressures in gem anvil cells (1996)

Abstract In analogy with the bevelled diamonds in diamond anvil cells, some transparent gems are used as anvils for generating static ultrahigh pressure. The maximum pressure within which these gem anvil cells could generale was 16.7 GPa in cubic-zirconia anvil cell and 25.8 GPa in sapphire anvil cells, respectively. Key Words: Gem anvil cellcubic zirconia anvil cellsapphire anvil celldiamond anvil cellRaman spectrumhigh pressure.
An Amine, Nitrite, Phosphate and Heavy Metal Free Engine Coolant Inhibitor (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new supplemental-coolant additive (SCA) has been developed suitable for heavy-duty diesel engines. The formulation stands apart from the commercially available SCAs in that, it is free of nitrite, phosphate, and all heavy metals. Its corrosion-inhibition performance in ASTM D-1384, ASTM-4340, and ASTM D-2570 have been measured. When compared to two commercially available SCAs, test results indicated better or equivalent protection for: copper, brass, low lead and silver solders, carbon steel, gray cast iron, cast aluminum and heat-rejecting aluminum surface. Its maximum hard-water stability at 480 ppm hardness and, its ability to prevent liner-pitting, as measured by the bench-top cavitation-erosion test (ASTM G32), were superior to the nitrite containing SCAs. Its scale inhibition and antifreeze compatibility was equivalent to the commercial SCAs.</div>
Sloshing of Liquids in Circular Canals and Spherical Tanks (1960)

Abstract : Theoretical calculations are made of the natural modes and frequencies of small-amplitude sloshing of liquids in partially filled circular canals and spherical tanks. An integral-equation approach is used to analyze the circular canal for arbitrary depth of liquid. A similar approach for the spherical tank provides modes and frequencies for the nearly-full and half-full cases. These results, together with the known behavior of the nearly- empty tank, are used in conjunction with the trends established for the circular canal as a basis for estimating frequencies for arbitrary depth of liquid in the spherical tank. The dynamic analysis of the container-fluid system by means of the mode-superposition approach is discussed, and modal parameters required in such analyses are presented.
Lactational Performance of Cows Fed Low or High Ruminally Undegradable Protein Prepartum and Supplemental Methionine and Lysine Postpartum (1997)

Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 24) were fed diets containing 34 or 41% ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) for 30 d before parturition; then each group was fed a basal diet supplemented with or without ruminally stable Met (10.6 g/d) and Lys (15.2 g/d) for 75 d in the subsequent lactation. Supplementation of Met and Lys increased the milk yield of cows previously fed the low RUP diet, but milk yields before and after amino acid (AA) supplementation were similar for cows previously fed the high RUP diet. Milk protein content (percentage) increased from 2.83 to 2.96 for cows previously fed the high RUP diet. Milk protein yield increased from 1.13 to 1.21 kg/d when Met and Lys were fed. Data on AA concentration in plasma and AA extraction by the mammary gland suggest that the supplementation of Met and Lys corrected a Met limitation. According to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, the lactation diet was limiting for Met for maximum milk yield and was corrected by AA supplementation. Based on limiting AA, allowable milk yield was 42.5 kg/d, and the observed yield was 40.9 kg/d averaged across treatments. The group with the greatest allowable milk yield (45.2 kg/d) had the greatest actual milk yield (43.0 kg/d). The regression equation of observed milk yield on allowable milk yield was Y = 3.4 + 0.8805X.
COP-SLAM: Closed-Form Online Pose-Chain Optimization for Visual SLAM (2015)

In this paper, we analyze and extend the recently proposed closed-form online pose-chain simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm. Pose-chains are a specific type of extremely sparse pose-graphs and a product of contemporary SLAM front-ends, which perform accurate visual odometry and reliable appearance-based loop detection. They are relevant for challenging robotic applications in large-scale 3-D environments for which frequent loop detection is not desired or not possible. Closed-form online pose-chain SLAM efficiently and accurately optimizes pose-chains by exploiting their Lie group structure. The convergence and optimality properties of this solution are discussed in detail and are compared against state-of-the-art iterative methods. We also provide a novel solution space, that of similarity transforms, which has not been considered earlier for the proposed algorithm. This allows for closed-form optimization of pose-chains that exhibit scale drift, which is important to monocular SLAM systems. On the basis of extensive experiments, specifically targeting 3-D pose-chains and using a total of 60 km of challenging binocular and monocular data, it is shown that the accuracy obtained by closed-form online pose-chain SLAM is comparable with that of state-of-the-art iterative methods, while the time it needs to compute its solution is orders of magnitudes lower. This novel SLAM technique thereby is relevant to a broad range of robotic applications and computational platforms.
A SAXS Study of Microstructure Ordering Transitions in Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Diblock Copolymers (1999)

For a series of side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) diblock copolymers we have investigated the overlap of liquid crystalline and morphological phase behaviors. LC thermal transitions were identified using polarized optical microscopy combined with calorimetry. Order−disorder and order−order transitions (ODT's and OOT's) associated with the diblock copolymer morphology were located using elevated temperature SAXS and TEM microscopy. At low LC fractions, samples exhibit pure lamellar morphologies, and the ODT temperature, TODT, is correlated to the LC isotropization temperature, Tiso. For samples with higher LC volume fractions, morphologies were found to have curvature at room temperatures, and the TODT was found to exceed Tiso. In one sample, we observed a thermoreversible OOT transition between a predominately lamellar morphology with cylindrical defects and a completely lamellar morphology. The loss of curvature occurs upon heating, which is unusual for a block copolymer OOT and may be related to the conformational asymmetry of the diblocks. Finally, the sample with the longest LC block has a morphology of hexagonally close-packed PS cylinders which remains ordered well above isotropization. Discussion includes aspects on the coexistence of morphology and LC superstructure. Our analysis indicates that the length of the LC block and the related block copolymer morphology are key parameters to controlling both mesophase order and morphology.
An experimental study of a sea clutter model (1970)

A model for the radar cross section (RCS) of the sea has been developed in parallel efforts by scientists in both the United States and the Soviet Union, which is based upon the concept of a composite surface, i.e., one in which a slightly rough surface in the sense of Rice is superimposed on a larger swell structure. For angles off the normal, the model predicts the variation of the RCS with frequency, polarization, and incident angle of the illumination and further predicts an upper bound (saturation value) of the RCS with increasing roughness. The model has been collated with data collected by the Naval Research Laboratory four-frequency radar system in sea states ranging from 0 to 7. The results of the comparison have shown that the upper bound for the RCS exists and is closely approached in windspeeds in excess of 5 m/s. In addition, the data have confirmed the variation of RCS with frequency (UHF to X-band), grazing angle, and with polarization (H, V), provided that the "tilting" of the scattering surface by swell is taken into account in the region of shallow grazing angles.
Calculation of radiation from a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode (1988)

We propose a method to calculate the radiation characteristics of a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode called Vlasov's antenna. Correction of the shape of the reflector, which was a parabolic cylinder in the original paper by Vlasov et al. (1975), is performed using wave-normal rays. The radiation field is calculated by means of an image source which is obtained with the geometrical optics. Some numerical results show that the radiated beam is gaussian-like in far zone. A scheme of high-power application (500kW, 106·4GHz, TE12,2) to a beam transmission system is also presented
Theoretical study of magnetic and ultrasonic sensors: dependence of magnetic potential and acoustic pressure on the sensor geometry (2001)

In this paper, we describe a model based on a spatial distribution of point sources, called 'DPSM' (Distributed Point Sources Method), applied to magnetic and ultrasonic sensors modelling. Magnetic and acoustic fields are theoretically generated for two types of sensors. The sensor surface is discretized into a finite number of elemental surfaces. A point source is placed at the centroid position of every elemental surface. Point source strength is proportional to the elemental surface area for acoustic sensors and it is obtained by inverting a matrix to satisfy the equipotential boundary conditions for magnetic sensors. Total field is computed at a given point by adding fields generated by all sources. The main difference between the magnetic and acoustic field modelling is that for a magnetic sensor the magnetic potential remains constant on the sensor surface and the magnetic flux varies from point to point, while for the acoustic sensor the particle velocity remains constant on the sensor surface and the acoustic pressure varies. This difference causes an additional matrix inversion in the magnetic field modeling, which is not necessary for the acoustic field modeling. Like other numerical modeling schemes, accuracy of the computation depends on the sensor surface discretization or mesh generation. Effect of the spacing between two neighboring point sources on the accuracy of the field computation is studied and the optimum spacing for accurate numerical computation is given. For accurately modelling acoustic fields the spacing between two neighboring sources should be less than the acoustic wavelength. Flat sensors with circular and rectangular cross-sections as well as point focused concave sensors have been modelled by this technique.
Total Synthesis and Anti-Tubulin Activity of Epi-C3 Analogues of Cryptophycin-24 (2004)

Epi-C3-cryptophycin-24, epi-C3-m-chlorobenzyl-cryptophycin-24, and the corresponding styrenes were synthesized and tested in vitro against the MCF-7 and multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cell lines and in an in vitro tubulin assembly assay. The results demonstrate that the S configuration at the C3 stereocenter is not required to induce potent cytotoxicity and the m-Cl substituent present on the C10 side chain did not induce any large change in activity.
Recent Trends in Color Image Watermarking (2009)

This article provides a review of the state of the art in watermarking techniques specifically designed for color images. It presents an overview of the color image watermarking methods and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of several recent schemes. It also presents solutions and arguments supporting the idea that methods based on human visual sensitivity provide more robust watermarks than do other ones. Furthermore, this article treats the question of the evaluation of watermarking quality according to fidelity. Finally, based on this analysis, research directions in color image watermarking are suggested.
Nanocrystalline Computed Tomography Contrast Agents for Blood-Pool and Liver-Spleen Imaging (1994)

Gazelle GS, Wolf GL, Bacon ER, Mclntire GL, Cooper ER, Toner JL. Nanocrystalline computed tomography contrast agents for blood-pool and liver-spleen imaging. Invest Radiol 1994;29:S286–S288.
Trans-sulfuration in Mammals (1967)

Abstract 1. Hepatic levels of cystathionine synthase and methionine-activating enzyme are significantly lower in rats fed a diet low in methionine and supplemented with cystine than in rats growing at the same rate while maintained on a diet adequate in methionine, with or without cystine supplementation. Cystathionase levels are also decreased, but to a smaller extent. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is not affected. 2. The enzymatic activities which are lowered are restored toward normal by injections of l-methionine or l-homocysteine. 3. Methionine-activating enzyme and cystathionine synthase are inhibited in vitro by l-cystine. However, the decreased enzyme levels in the livers of rats fed the low methionine, cystine-supplemented diet cannot be attributed to either a dissociable inhibitor or cystine binding by the enzyme proteins. It seems likely that the cystine effect represents repression of enzyme synthesis. 4. The physiological meaning of these changes in enzymatic activity is briefly discussed. The changes are such that they may well explain the known methionine-sparing effect of cystine. 5. A possible application of these findings to the treatment of patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency is mentioned.