gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of PtdIns3<i>P</i> dynamics in living plant cells (2006)

To investigate PtdIns3P localization and function in plants, a fluorescent PtdIns3P-specific biosensor (YFP-2xFYVE) was created. On lipid dot blots it bound specifically and with high affinity to PtdIns3P. Transient expression in cowpea protoplasts labelled vacuolar membranes and highly motile structures undergoing fusion and fission. Stable expression in tobacco BY-2 cells labelled similar motile structures, but labelled vacuolar membranes hardly at all. YFP-2xFYVE fluorescence strongly co-localized with the pre-vacuolar marker AtRABF2b, partially co-localized with the endosomal tracer FM4-64, but showed no overlap with the Golgi marker STtmd-CFP. Treatment of cells with wortmannin, a PI3 kinase inhibitor, caused the YFP-2xFYVE fluorescence to redistribute into the cytosol and nucleus within 15 min. BY-2 cells expressing YFP-2xFYVE contained twice as much PtdIns3P as YFP-transformed cells, but this had no effect on cell-growth or stress-induced phospholipid signalling responses. Upon treatment with wortmannin, PtdIns3P levels were reduced by approximately 40% within 15 min in both cell lines. Stable expression of YFP-2xFYVE in Arabidopsis plants labelled different subcellular structures in root compared with shoot tissues. In addition labelling the motile structures common to all cells, YFP-2xFYVE strongly labelled the vacuolar membrane in leaf epidermal and guard cells, suggesting that cell differentiation alters the distribution of PtdIns3P. In dividing BY-2 cells, YFP-2xFYVE-labelled vesicles surrounded the newly formed cell plate, suggesting a role for PtdIns3P in cytokinesis. Together, these data show that YFP-2xFYVE may be used as a biosensor to specifically visualize PtdIns3P in living plant cells.
Statistical Approach to Shape from Shading: Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Face Surfaces from Single Two-Dimensional Images (1996)

The human visual system is proficient in perceiving three-dimensional shape from the shading patterns in a two-dimensional image. How it does this is not well understood and continues to be a question of fundamental and practical interest. In this paper we present a new quantitative approach to shape-from-shading that may provide some answers. We suggest that the brain, through evolution or prior experience, has discovered that objects can be classified into lower-dimensional object-classes as to their shape. Extraction of shape from shading is then equivalent to the much simpler problem of parameter estimation in a low-dimensional space. We carry out this proposal for an important class of three-dimensional (3D) objects: human heads. From an ensemble of several hundred laser-scanned 3D heads, we use principal component analysis to derive a low-dimensional parameterization of head shape space. An algorithm for solving shape-from-shading using this representation is presented. It works well even on real images where it is able to recover the 3D surface for a given person, maintaining facial detail and identity, from a single 2D image of his face. This algorithm has applications in face recognition and animation.
Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcriptional Elongation in Resting CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells In Vivo (2004)

A stable latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in resting memory CD4+ T cells presents a barrier to eradication of the infection even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Potential mechanisms for latency include inaccessibility of the integrated viral genome, absence of key host transcription factors, premature termination of HIV-1 RNAs, and abnormal splicing patterns. To differentiate among these mechanisms, we isolated extremely pure populations of resting CD4+ T cells from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. These cells did not produce virus but retained the capacity to do so if appropriately stimulated. Products of HIV-1 transcription were examined in purified resting CD4+ T cells. Although short, prematurely terminated HIV-1 transcripts have been suggested as a marker for latently infected cells, the production of short transcripts had not been previously demonstrated in purified populations of resting CD4+ T cells. By separating RNA into polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated fractions, we showed that resting CD4+ T cells from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy produce abortive transcripts that lack a poly(A) tail and that terminate prior to nucleotide 181. Short transcripts dominated the pool of total HIV-1 transcripts in resting CD4+ T cells. Processive, polyadenylated HIV-1 mRNAs were also present at a low level. Both unspliced and multiply spliced forms were found. Taken together, these results show that the nonproductive nature of the infection in resting CD4+ T cells from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy is not due to absolute blocks at the level of either transcriptional initiation or elongation but rather relative inefficiencies at multiple steps.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Bi‐layer Graphene in Strongly Coupled Stacking Order (2011)

Abstract Large‐scale synthesis of single‐layer graphene (SLG) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has received a lot of attention recently. However, CVD synthesis of AB stacked bi‐layer graphene (BLG) is still challenging. Here, we report synthesis of BLG homogeneously at large scale by thermal CVD. The 2D Raman band of CVD BLG splits into four components, suggesting splitting of electronic bands due to strong interlayer coupling. The splitting of electronic bands in CVD BLG is further evidenced by the study of near infrared absorption and carrier dynamics are probed by transient absorption spectroscopy. UV photoelectron spectroscopy invesigation also indiates CVD BLG possesses different electronic structures to those of CVD SLG. The growth mechanism of BLG is found to be related to catalytic activity of the copper (Cu) surface, which is determined by the purity of Cu foils employed in the CVD process. Our work shows that strongly coupled or even AB stacked BLG can be grown on Cu foils at large scale, which is of particular importance for device applications based on their split electronic bands.
Side Group Engineering of Small Molecular Acceptors for High‐Performance Fullerene‐Free Polymer Solar Cells: Thiophene Being Superior to Selenophene (2017)

Side group of ITIC‐like small molecular acceptor (SMA) plays a critical role in crystallization property. In this article, two new SMAs with n ‐hexylthienyl and n ‐hexylselenophenyl as side chain, namely ITCPTC‐Th and ITCPTC‐Se, are designed and synthesized by employing newly developed thiophene‐fused ending group (CPTCN). And thiophene and selenophene side group substituted effects of SMA‐based fullerene‐free polymer solar cells (PSCs) are investigated. A stronger σ‐inductive effect between selenophene side group and electron‐donating backbone endows ITCPTC‐Se with better optical absorption and higher LUMO level, ITCPTC‐Th‐based PSCs deliver a higher power conversion efficiency of 10.61%. Charge transport and collection, recombination loss mechanism, and morphology of blend films are intensively studied. These results confirm that side group substituted effects of SMAs are multiple and thiophene is a superior option to selenophene as aromatic side group of ITIC‐like SMAs.
Performance evaluation of PAPR in OFDM for UMTS-LTE system (2012)

Next generation mobile telecommunication networks will provide high data rates needed for multimedia rich applications as the demand in mobile broadband services is expected to increase in the coming years. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique has been increasing its popularity as a transmission scheme for several radio technologies. One of the challenging issues in OFDM technique is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). This paper studies the performance of PAPR in long term evolution (LTE) of universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). The implementation will be based on specifications and protocols from 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) work groups. The simulator used to simulate UMTS-LTE environment has been developed in Matlab which follows the standard according to UMTS-LTE physical layer transmission scheme. Evaluation results show that reduction of PAPR can be seen in UMTS-LTE model compared to conventional OFDM model.
Experimental infection of tamarins with human non‐a, non‐b hepatitis virus (1983)

Non-A, non-B (NANB) viral hepatitis was successfully transmitted to two colony-born Tamarins following inoculation with antihaemophilic factor VIII concentrate or the "H" inoculum. Both animals showed histological and ultrastructural evidence of viral hepatitis, with raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from the second week after inoculation through to the end of follow-up, 5 months later.
Primary hydrolysis products of methacrylate-modified titanium and zirconium alkoxides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrimary hydrolysis products of methacrylate-modified titanium and zirconium alkoxidesUlrich Schubert, Ertugrul Arpac, Walther Glaubitt, Alfred Helmerich, and Cathrin ChauCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 2, 291–295Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00020a014https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00020a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views650Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
CIKPLA: Cryptogenic invasive<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>liver abscess (and meningitis) - an emerging disease in South Africa? (2010)

Disseminated Klebsiella bacteraemic syndrome and cryptogenic invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated liver abscess (CIKPLA) have been well described in Taiwan. However, CIKPLA has never been described in patients in South Africa. The main aim of this case report is to describe the occurrence of this syndrome in a South African man, not of Asian descent, in order to highlight to clinicians the possibility of its occurrence in South Africa.
Implementation Issues of Enterprise data Warehousing and Business Intelligence in the Healthcare Industry (2014)

The healthcare industry is following the lead of other industries and finding value in enterprise data warehousing (EDW) and business intelligence (BI) tools. Healthcare organizations are leveraging these tools to provide a plethora of benefits realized through enhanced business operations and performance. The EDW combines data from multiple source systems across an enterprise, and BI tools extract the data in meaningful ways to enable managers to make the best informed decisions. As with all management information systems, there are technical issues to be considered that impact the design, build, implementation, and support of the system. These benefits and challenges are explored, as well as special considerations necessary for the healthcare industry compared to other industries utilizing data warehousing and business intelligence. This paper investigates these critical issues and provides suggestions to harness the implementation of EDW and BI in the healthcare industry.
Clearance of severe psoriasis after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. (1990)

Case report A 36 year old white man had a 20 year history of severe intractable psoriasis that required numerous admissions to hospital for inpatient treatment. He had long periods of erythrodermic psoriasis and underwent many forms of treatment, including psoralens and ultraviolet A, methotrexate, razoxane, and etretinate, in an attempt to control his psoriasis. In November 1984 he developed acute myelomonocytic leukaemia; remission was speedily induced using combined chemotherapy with cytarabine, daunorubicin, and thioguanine. His leukaemia remitted, but he continued to suffer severe psoriasis requiring treatment with methotrexate. In August 1985 he was conditioned for an allogenic bone marrow transplant with cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg twice and total body irradiation with 14 Gy given in seven fractions. He received a bone marrow transplant from his brother, who did not suffer from psoriasis. The bone marrow T cells in this transplant were depleted using monoclonal antibodies MBG6 and RFT8, and depletion was greater than 99%. Immediately after the bone marrow transplantation his psoriasis disappeared entirely, and he remained free of it despite cessation of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive therapy. In October 1986 he suffered a relapse of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. He received a further bone marrow transplant from his brother (this time without depletion of T cells) without induction of remission after chemotherapy with cytarabine and cyclophosphamide. He received cyclosporin at a dose of 400 mg/day after the transplant; the dose was tapered gradually and stopped after 10 months. Since the initial bone marrow transplant he has remained completely free of psoriasis, and he has had no further relapse of his myelomonocytic leukaemia. DNA tvping performed on peripheral lymphocvtes confirmed chimerism, with the DNA type being that of donor.
Image fusion by compressive sensing (2009)

We propose a new method of image fusion that utilizes the recently developed theory of compressive sensing. Compressive sensing indicates that a signal that is sparse in an appropriate set of basis vectors may be recovered almost exactly from a few samples via l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization if the system matrix satisfies some conditions. These conditions are satisfied with high probability for Gaussian-like vectors. Since zero-mean image patches satisfy Gaussian statistics, they are suitable for compressive sensing. We create a dictionary that relates high resolution image patches from a panchromatic image to the corresponding filtered low resolution versions. We first propose two algorithms that directly use this dictionary and its low resolution version to construct the fused image. To reduce the computational cost of l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization, we use principal component analysis to identify the orthogonal "modes" of co-occurrence of the low and high resolution patches. Any pair of co-occurring high and low resolution patches with similar statistical properties to the patches in the dictionary is sparse with respect to the principal component bases. Given a patch from a low resolution multispectral band image, we use l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization to find the sparse representation of the low resolution patch with respect to the sample-domain principal components. Compressive sensing suggests that this is the same sparse representation that a high resolution image would have with respect to the principal components. Hence the sparse representation is used to combine the high resolution principal components to produce the high resolution fused image. This method adds high-resolution detail to a low-resolution multispectral band image keeping the same relationship that exists between the high and low resolution versions of the panchromatic image. This reduces the spectral distortion of the fused images and produces results superior to standard fusion methods such as the Brovey transform and principal component analysis.
Platelet growth factors suppress<i>ex vivo</i>expansion and enhance differentiation of umbilical cord blood CD133<sup>+</sup>stem cells to megakaryocyte progenitor cells (2010)

Taken together, platelet growth factors in the presence of CC suppress ex vivo expansion of UCB CD133(+) cells and enhance their differentiation into megakaryocytic progenitor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Explaining Neural Networks Semantically and Quantitatively (2019)

This paper presents a method to pursue a semantic and quantitative explanation for the knowledge encoded in a convolutional neural network (CNN). The estimation of the specific rationale of each prediction made by the CNN presents a key issue of understanding neural networks, and it is of significant values in real applications. In this study, we propose to distill knowledge from the CNN into an explainable additive model, which explains the CNN prediction quantitatively. We discuss the problem of the biased interpretation of CNN predictions. To overcome the biased interpretation, we develop prior losses to guide the learning of the explainable additive model. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method.
Adsorption, immunoadsorption and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins using nitrocellulose membrane filters (1987)

Abstract A rapid analytical procedure is described to perform sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of proteins specifically adsorbed on antibody‐coupled nitrocellulose membrane filters. Purified antibodies were adsorbed on nitrocellulose filters and were immobilized by treatment with dilute glutaraldehyde. Efficient adsorption of specific antigen occurred upon filtration of the antigen solution ( e. g. cell supernatant or cell lysate) within a few minutes. Theim‐munoadsorbed proteins were released from the membrane filters in the presence of urea, Nonidet P‐40 detergent and electrophoresis sample buffer and were directly analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. All adsorptions and washing steps were performed by filtration utilizing a filtration manifold. This allowed the processing of a large number of samples in a short time. Furthermore, and in contrast to the Western blotting method, antigen‐antibody recognition preceeded gel electrophoresis, which greatly reduced potential failures in antigen recognition. Similarly, SDS‐PAGE of proteins non‐specifically adsorbed on nitrocellulose filters was also possible. Dilute protein solutions, like cell supernatants, were filtered through nitrocellulose membrane filters. Hereby proteins, but not low molecular weight compounds such as inorganic salts, amino acids or detergents, were rapidly and quantitatively adsorbed. The adsorbed proteins were released from the filters and subjected to SDS‐PAGE as in the previous method.
An Empirical Test for Branch-Specific Positive Selection (2008)

The use of phylogenetic analysis to predict positive selection specific to human genes is complicated by the very close evolutionary relationship with our nearest extant primate relatives, chimpanzees. To assess the power and limitations inherent in use of maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis of codon substitution patterns in such recently diverged species, a series of simulations was performed to assess the impact of several parameters of the evolutionary model on prediction of human-specific positive selection, including branch length and d(N)/d(S) ratio. Parameters were varied across a range of values observed in alignments of 175 transcription factor (TF) genes that were sequenced in 12 primate species. The ML method largely lacks the power to detect positive selection that has occurred since the most recent common ancestor between humans and chimpanzees. An alternative null model was developed on the basis of gene-specific evaluation of the empirical distribution of ML results, using simulated neutrally evolving sequences. This empirical test provides greater sensitivity to detect lineage-specific positive selection in the context of recent evolutionary divergence.
Study of the Pulsed Field Magnetization Strategy for the Superconducting Rotor (2016)

High magnetic field can be trapped in a bulk type-II superconductor through different magnetization methods. In our fully high-temperature superconducting (HTS) synchronous motor, the pulsed field magnetization (PFM) method is adopted due to its reduced cost, feasibility, and adaptability on the assembling of our HTS motor system. The HTS rotor was designed with 75 YBCO HTS bulks mounted on the surface of the rotor to make two pairs of poles after the PFM. In this paper, we give a PFM circuit used to generate a pulsed magnetic field about 1.5 T at the center of the magnetizing coil lasting less than 1 s by discharging a capacitor bank. We also investigate the homogeneity of the pulsed magnetic field produced by the coils. The main strategy for magnetizing the superconducting rotor is designed and investigated, and the rotor field profile after the whole magnetization procedure is measured and discussed as well.
A miniature fiberoptic probe for optical particle sizing (1986)

A miniature fiberoptic probe has been developed for in-situ particle size measurements. The probe is based on a near-forward scattering technique and makes use of a two color scheme in which one wavelength is used for the size measurement while the second wavelength is used to monitor the presence of a particle in the center of the scattering volume. Tests of the probe have shown particle size range and sensitivity similar to that observed using fixed lens train systems but with the advantages of portability, ease of remote access and inherent alignment stability.
Wear Mechanism in Cummins M-11 High Soot Diesel Test Engines (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Cummins M-11 high soot diesel engine test is a key tool in evaluating lubricants for the new PC-7 (CH-4) performance category. M-11 rocker arms and crossheads from tests with a wide range of lubricant performance were studied by surface analytical techniques. Abrasive wear by primary soot particles is supported by the predominant appearance of parallel grooves on the worn parts with their widths matching closely the primary soot particle sizes. Soot abrasive action appears to be responsible for removing the protective antiwear film and, thus, abrades against metal parts as well. Subsequent to the removal of the antiwear film, carbide particles, graphite nodules, and other wear debris are abraded, either by soot particles or sliding metal-metal contact, from the crosshead and rocker arm metal surfaces. These particles further accelerate abrasive wear. In addition to abrasive wear, fatigue wear was evident on the engine parts. Oil film thickness was determined to be the critical factor in preventing M-11 wear.</div>
Maximum-likelihood algorithm on the subchannel detection in forward links for multicarrier DS CDMA system (2002)

In this paper, we consider the subchannel detection problem in forward links for the multicarrier (MC) DS-CDMA system when some different subchannel allocation policies are used. An optimal subchannel decision algorithm is proposed based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion. The theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented. We also discuss the parameter selection problem for the length of the training sequence in the system model in Pingyi Fan et al. by using the proposed ML detection algorithm. The results show that the subchannel allocation schemes in Pingyi Fan et al. is feasible since only a few symbols overhead are required.