gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies (1995)

Immune-mediated mechanisms appear to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). The serum of patients with active DM has high levels of circulating complement fragments C3b, C4b, and C5b-9 membranolytic attack complex (MAC) and demonstrates a very high C3 uptake in an vitro assay system. The MAC and the immune complex-specific C3bNEO fragment are deposited on the endomysial capillaries early in the disease and lead sequentially to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. In contrast, in PM the muscle fiber injury is initiated by sensitized CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that recognize heretofore unknown and probably endogenous muscle antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression. A restricted (oligoclonal) pattern of T-cell receptor with prominence of Va1, Vb6, and Vb15 genes is noted within the endomysial infiltrates suggesting that the T-cell response is antigen driven. In both PM and DM, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 are upregulated in the endomysial endothelial cells and function as ligands for the leukocyte integrins leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and very late activating antigen (VLA)-4, allowing activated lymphocytes to adhere to the endothelial cells and migrate to the muscle fibers. Among viruses, only the retroviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 have been convincingly shown to trigger PM, which is mediated by nonviral-specific, cytotoxic CD8+ cells. The treatment of inflammatory myopathies remains empirical. Many patients respond to steroids to some degree and for some period of time. Azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis can be of mild to moderate benefit. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a promising therapeutic modality for some patients resistant to therapies. In a controlled study, IVIg was effective in DM not only in improving the clinical symptoms but also in reversing the underlying immunopathology. The role of IVIg in PM and IBM is under study in control trials.
Genetic Control of Photoperiod Response in Early‐Maturing, Near‐Isogenic Soybean Lines (1996)

Photoperiod response is one factor responsible for the regional adaptation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. Few photoperiod response studies have been carried out with lines containing alleles for late maturity at only one or a few loci. An understanding of the photoperiod response of early‐maturing soybean lines would facilitate cultivar development in short‐season areas. The objectives of this study were to investigate the photoperiod response of early‐maturing ‘Harosoy’ near‐isogenic lines with indeterminate and determinate growth habit and to examine the genetic model for sensitivity to natural day length extended to 20 h with incandescent lamps [incandescent long day length (ILD)]. Harosoy near‐isogenic lines were grown in the field under natural day length and ILD. The same lines were also grown in growth cabinets under 12‐ and 20‐h photoperiods with cool white fluorescent plus incandescent lamps. Under natural day length, E 3 and E 4 alleles each delayed flowering 5 d and maturity 15 d while the E 1 allele delayed both flowering and maturity ≈ 16 d compared with the alternative early‐maturing alleles. The E 3 and E 4 alleles each delayed flowering 30 d under ILD compared with natural day length. The E 1 allele did not delay flowering or maturity under ILD compared with natural day length. Under 12‐h days in a growth cabinet, there were no differences among near‐isogenic lines for flowering or maturity, but the loci responded differently in the 20‐h photoperiods. The E 3 allele exhibited the largest photoperiod response, delaying flowering 24 d and maturity 84 d, compared with 12‐h photoperiods. These photoperiod‐sensitivity loci produced differential photoperiod responses that may he useful for short‐season cultivar development.
The high-speed human body communication system (2006)

A review of research about human body communication was begun from a proposal [1] by Zinmerman of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in 1995. Specifically, over the past few years, a considerable number of studies have examined human body communication. Practical use was researched about a wearable key [2] and the POS (point of sale) system [3]. In addition, a project called RedTacton [4] was begun. On the other hand, a detailed electromagnetic analysis about the propagation structure of the human body was reported [5]. However, only a few attempts have been made to accelerate the human body communication system. This paper investigates the acceleration of the human body communication system. First of all, we examined the already known method of the human body communication system. Next, we investigated the electromagnetic characteristics of the human body for use as a transmission line.
Recent Progress in Work on PGD2 Antagonists for Drugs Targeting Allergic Diseases (2004)

Prostaglandin (PG) D(2), the major cyclooxygenase metabolite generated from immunologically stimulated mast cells, is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases due to its various inflammatory effects. However, the lack of PGD(2) (DP) receptor antagonists has limited the study of its essential roles in the disease state. Recent discoveries of several DP receptor antagonists, the development of the mutant mouse and the discovery of a second PGD(2) receptor, CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) receptor, have revealed the crucial roles of PGD(2) and CRTH2 receptors in allergic disorders. This review presents biological evidence that PGD(2) plays an essential role in allergy disorders and discusses the therapeutic possibilities of recently reported PGD(2) antagonists.
SURFACTANTS AS FUNGICIDES (1964)

The cationic (Hyamine 3500, Cyprex, or dodine, and Triton X-400), anionic (Atlox G-3300 and Santomerse), and non-ionic (Tritons X-100, X-114, and B-1956 as well as Tween 81) surfactants were compared as inhibitors of respiration, as agents promoting the passage of amino acids out of spores into the surrounding medium, and as inhibitors of germination of the spores of one or more of the test organisms Monilinia fructicola, Alternaria solani, Puccinia recondita, and Puccinia coronata. The loss of cell constituents by leakage caused by the various surfactants paralleled their efficacy as fungicides against A. solani. Although the surfactants do cause reduction in respiration rates paralleling their fungicidal activity, the effect of the compounds on respiratory or other enzyme systems is considered to be secondary to the irreparable damage caused to the semipermeable outer membrane of the cytoplasm. The cations Ni ++ and Cu ++ were compared with the surfactants as inhibitors of respiration and as stimulators of cell leakage.
Design of Betaine Functional Catalyst for Efficient Copolymerization of Oxirane and CO<sub>2</sub> (2018)

A new Co(III) salen betaine functional catalyst is reported which displays high activity and high selectivity for the copolymerization reaction of oxirane and carbon dioxide. Importantly, this catalyst system is not only effective for propylene oxide and CO2 but also efficient for more difficult epoxides to selectively provide copolymers. For example, styrene oxide and 2-vinyloxirane are readily coupled with CO2 to provide the corresponding completely alternating copolymers. This catalyst system is thereby able in several instances to avoid the use of tediously prepared bifunctional Co(III) salen catalysts. Through a combination of control experiments, MALDI-TOF measurements, and DFT computations, the addition of a cocatalyst is shown to play a significant role in this process.
Phone clustering using the Bhattacharyya distance (2002)

The authors study the use of the classification-based Bhattacharyya distance measure to guide biphone clustering. The Bhattacharyya distance is a theoretical distance measure between two Gaussian distributions which is equivalent to an upper bound on the optimal Bayesian classification error probability. It also has the desirable properties of being computationally simple and extensible to more Gaussian mixtures. Using the Bhattacharyya distance measure in a data-driven approach together with a novel a-level agglomerative hierarchical biphone clustering algorithm, generalized left/right biphones(BGBs) are derived. A neural-net based phone recognizer trained on the BGBs is found to have better frame-level phone recognition than one trained on generalized biphones (BCGBs) derived from a set of commonly used broad categories. They further evaluate the new BGBs on an isolated-word recognition task of perplexity 40 and obtain a 16.2% error reduction over the broad-category generalized biphones (BCGBs) and a 41.8% error reduction over the monophones.
Immunoblot Analysis of the Human Antibody Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (1987)

The protein specificities of the antibodies induced during natural respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in humans were investigated using immunoblotting of human sera against virus proteins resolved by gel electrophoresis. Sera from 33 patients, who had complement-fixing antibodies against RS virus, were analysed. All the patients showed a response against the virus nucleoprotein (VPN41) and glycoprotein (VGP48). Antibodies against the virus proteins GP90, VPP32, VPM27 and two proteins of molecular weights 24,800 and 23,700 were also demonstrated. The spectrum of protein specificities of the antibodies varied among patients. There was an increase in the level of antibody for these virus proteins between the acute and convalescent serum samples from five patients. The protein specificities of the IgG and IgM antibodies were determined for five patients; VPN41, VPP32 and VPM27 induced IgG and IgM in all of these sera. Two of the five patients had detectable IgG but not IgM antibodies against VGP48, whereas the remaining three sera had detectable VGP48-specific IgG and IgM antibodies.
Mutations in the <i>mariner</i> transposase: The D,D(35)E consensus sequence is nonfunctional (1997)

Genetic analysis of eukaryote transposases and comparison with their prokaryote counterparts have been greatly hindered by difficulty in isolating mutations. We describe a simple eye-color screen that facilitates isolation and analysis of mutations in the mariner transposase in Drosophila melanogaster. Use of ethyl methanesulfonate and site-directed mutagenesis has identified 18 residues that are critical for in vivo excision of a target mariner element. When the mutations were examined in heterozygous mutant/nonmutant genotypes, more than half of the mutant transposase proteins were found to reduce the activity of the wild-type transposase, as assayed by the frequency of germline excision of a target element. Remarkably, transposase function is obliterated when the D,D(34)D acidic, ion-binding domain is replaced with the consensus sequence D,D(34)E found in the nematode Tc1 transposase and in many other transposases in the superfamily. A number of mutations strongly complement wild-type transposase in a dominant-negative manner, suggestive of subunit interactions in the excision reaction; these mutations are located in a small region that includes part of the D,D(34)D motif. Transposase function also is eliminated by a mutation in the inferred initiation codon and by a mutation in a putative nuclear localization signal.
Transcript Profiling During Fiber Development Identifies Pathways in Secondary Metabolism and Cell Wall Structure That May Contribute to Cotton Fiber Quality (2009)

A global gene expression profiling study at different stages of fiber development was undertaken on two cotton species cultivated for fiber, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) and G. barbadense (L.). A large proportion of the genome was expressed during both fiber elongation and subsequent secondary cell wall thickening. There was a major shift in abundance of transcripts for gene regulation, cell organization and metabolism between fiber elongation and fiber thickening that was fundamentally similar in both species. Each stage had its own distinctive features represented by specific metabolic and regulatory genes, a number of which have been noted previously. Many of the genes expressed in the fibers were of a similar type and developmental expression to those seen in other fiber-producing plants, indicating a conservation of mechanisms of cell elongation and wall thickening across diverse plant genera. Secondary metabolism and pectin synthesis and modification genes were amongst the most statistically significant differentially expressed categories between the two species during fiber elongation. The gene profiles of the fiber thickening stage, however, were almost identical between the two species, suggesting that their different final fiber quality properties may be established at earlier stages of fiber development. Expression levels of representative phenylpropanoid and pectin modification genes showed high correlations with specific fiber properties in an inter-specific cotton recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, supporting a role in determining fiber quality.
Spray rendering (1994)

Spray rendering provides a framework for creating and experimenting with different visualization techniques. The name spray rendering is derived from the metaphor of using a virtual spray can to paint data sets. Varying the type of paint in the can highlights data in different ways. Spray rendering is not limited to the paint metaphor, however. Other useful metaphors include a flashlight and a probe. Thus, spray rendering refers to the localized nature of the visualization algorithms and the manner in which the algorithms are sent to the data sets. We gain several advantages by looking at visualization algorithms in this way, including extensibility, grid independence, and ability to handle large data sets. This article presents the benefits, conceptual design, issues and directions of spray rendering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (2019)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), and St. Baldrick's Foundation.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride, a Novel Agent for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation (2006)

Dapoxetine is a serotonin transporter inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of premature ejaculation. This randomized, 2-sequence, 2-treatment crossover study assessed the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine following once-daily administration of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg to healthy male volunteers. Dapoxetine was rapidly absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached approximately 1 hour after dosing; plasma concentrations after single doses of dapoxetine decreased rapidly to approximately 5% of peak concentrations by 24 hours. Elimination was biphasic, with an initial half-life of approximately 1.4 hours and a terminal half-life of approximately 20 hours. Dapoxetine showed time-invariant pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality between doses, and its pharmacokinetics was unaffected by multiple dosing. The pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine metabolites, desmethyldapoxetine and dapoxetine-N-oxide, was similarly unaffected by multiple dosing. There were no serious adverse events; the most commonly reported adverse events were diarrhea, dizziness, and nausea.
Efficacy of a hydroxynaphthoquinone, 566C80, in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (1990)

The efficacy of a new class of drugs for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was demonstrated. 566C80, a hydroxynaphthoquinone, administered orally in a dose of greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day prophylactically prevented P. carinii pneumonitis in 90% or more of rats, while all untreated control animals developed pneumonitis. When 566C80 (100 mg/kg per day) was administered for 3 weeks after P. carinii pneumonitis was established, therapy was totally effective and all of the untreated controls had progressive P. carinii pneumonitis. A dose of 566C80 of between 25 and 50 mg/kg per day protected 50% of the rats from P. carinii pneumonitis, and a dose of between 50 and 100 mg/kg per day cured 50% of those treated for P. carinii pneumonitis. Both prophylaxis and treatment with 566C80 were at least as effective as with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Animals maintained on immunosuppression after completion of treatment remained free of P. carinii, suggesting a killing effect. Clearance of P. carinii was associated with levels of 60 micrograms or more of 566C80 per ml of plasma. This hydroxynaphthoquinone offers promise as an anti-P. carinii drug.
Measurement of impulsive forces arising from flying head/disk collision in magnetic disk storage systems. (1990)

A new method of measuring impulsive forces arising from flying head/disk collision has been developed for tribological studies of head/medium interface. In this method it is possible to obtain impulsive forces as impulses in two directions quantitatively. The measurement results show that these impulses are in the order of 10-6 [N.s], and that the impulse perpendicular to the disk face is proportional to the elastic coefticient of the air film. Moreover, in the case of a sputtered disk, flying head/disk contact time can be measured, so that it is possible to obtain a first approximation of contact force in one direction from the impulse. From this measurement, contact force in direction tangential to the disk surface is estimated to be in the order of 10-3[N].
Petroleum Coke. (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPetroleum Coke.A. G. V. Berry and R. Edgeworth-JohnstoneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 6, 551–553Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50426a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50426a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Determination of Anthocyanins from Camu-camu (<i>Myrciaria dubia</i>) by HPLC−PDA, HPLC−MS, and NMR (2005)

Camu-camu [Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh] is a small fruit native to the Amazonian rain forest. Its anthocyanin profile has now been investigated for the first time. Fruits from two different regions of the São Paulo state, Brazil, were analyzed. The major anthocyanins were isolated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS/MS, and 1H NMR were used to confirm the identity of the main anthocyanins of camu-camu. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was identified as the major pigment in the fruits from both regions, representing 89.5% in the fruits produced in Iguape and 88.0% in those from Mirandópolis, followed by the delphinidin-3-glucoside, ranging between 4.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Higher total anthocyanin contents were detected in the fruits from Iguape (54.0 +/- 25.9 mg/100 g) compared to those from Mirandópolis (30.3 +/- 6.8 mg/100 g), most likely because of the lower temperatures in the Iguape region.
Augmentation of Tissue Transglutaminase Expression and Activation by Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibit Doxorubicin-induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2004)

Tissue transglutaminase (TGase) exhibits both a GTP binding/hydrolytic capability and an enzymatic transamidation activity. Increases in TGase expression and activation often occur in response to stimuli that promote cellular differentiation and apoptosis, yet the signaling mechanisms used by these stimuli to regulate TGase expression and activation and the role of TGase in these cellular processes are not well understood. Retinoic acid (RA) consistently induces TGase expression and activation, and it was shown recently that RA-induced TGase expression was inhibited in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts co-stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Here we investigate whether EGF also antagonized RA-induced TGase expression in breast cancer cells. We found that EGF stimulation affected TGase expression and activation very differently in these cancer cells. Not only did EGF fail to block RA-induced TGase expression, but also EGF alone was sufficient to potently up-regulate TGase expression and activation in SKBR3 cells, as well as MDAMB468 and BT-20 cells. Inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity severely diminished the ability of EGF and RA to increase TGase protein levels, whereas a constitutively active form of phosphoinositide 3-kinase potentiated the induction of TGase expression by EGF in SKBR3 cells. Because EGF is an established antiapoptotic factor, we examined whether the protection afforded by EGF was dependent on its ability to up-regulate TGase activity in SKBR3 and BT-20 cells. Exposure of cells to a TGase inhibitor or expression of a dominant-negative form of TGase potently inhibited EGF-mediated protection from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, expression of exogenous TGase in SKBR3 cells mimicked the survival advantage of EGF, suggesting that TGase activation is necessary and sufficient for the antiapoptotic properties of EGF. These findings indicate for the first time that EGF can induce TGase expression and activation in human breast cancer cells and that this contributes to their oncogenic potential by promoting chemoresistance.
Building Better Pastures (1946)

Pastures and hay lands were plowed up during the war to make room for more corn and soybeans. On many farms it’s time to get land back into clover and grass, to meet the needs for pasture and hay and to help build up depleted soils. On many farms it is a matter of making the land now in pasture carry more livestock than it has been. What should we be planning now to get better pastures in the season ahead?