gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of 1-Benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic Anhydride with 3-Bromo-4-lithiopyridine: Formal Synthesis of Ellipticine (1998)

Reaction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with 3-bromo-4lithiopyridine gave 2-(3-bromoisonicotinoyl)indole-3-carboxylc acid as the sole product.The indole-3-carboxylic acid could be converted to 6-benzylellipticine quinone in five steps.Ellipticine quinone is an important intermediate in synthesis of ellipticine, which has potent antitumor activity' and outstanding syntheses of ellipticine quinone have been reported by snieckus2 and Joule.'Recently, we showed that I-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (1) was a useful synthon in the synthesis of natural products, m~rra~aquinone-A4 and ellipticine,' 2-a~ylindoles,~ and cyclopent[3,4-b]indol-3-0nes.~In this paper we report the efficacy of 1 and its application to the synthesis of ellipticine quinone.Reaction of I-benzylindole-2.3-dicarboxylicanhydride with 3-bromo-4-lithiopyridines (2.5 equiv), which was synthesized by the method of Gribble,9 in tetrahydofuran at -7g°C, gave 1-benzyl-2-(3bromoisonicotinoyl)indole-3-carboxylic acid (2) in 15% yield.(Table 1, run 1) Next, we treated 1 with 3-bromo-4-lithiopyridine (2.0 equiv), which was prepared by the method of Effenberger," at -96°C to afford 2 in 25% yield.(run 2) Finally, we were able to obtain 2 in 42% yield by trearment of 1 with 1.2 equiv of 3-bromo-4-lithiopyridine.(run 3) In these reaction conditions, I-benzyl-3-(3-bromoisonicotinoyl)indole-2-carboxylic acid (3), an isomeric product of 2, was not p r ~d u c e d .~ These results are shown in Table 1. Scheme 1 COOH CH2PhCH2Ph CH2Ph
Using S-P Chart and Bloom Taxonomy to Develop Intelligent Formative Assessment Tool (2009)

E-learning provides a convenient and efficient way for learning. Formative assessment not only guides student in instruction and learning, diagnose skill or knowledge gaps, but also measures progress and evaluation. An efficient and convenient e-learning formative assessment system is the key character for e-learning. However, most e-learning systems didn’t provide methods for assessing learners’ abilities but true-score mode. In this article, Sato’s Student-Problem Chart (SP Chart) is applied to integrate with our proposed on-line assessment system. Teachers are able to analyze each learner easily and efficiently. In addition, the Bloom Taxonomy of Educational Objective supports each item in our assessment management system during the authoring time. In our proposed system, it provides groups of function for student, teacher, and system administrator. According to the SP Chart analysis and Bloom taxonomy of items, we can divide all items into four types, and students into six types. With these types of diagnosis analysis chart, teacher can modify or delete the items which are not proper. With diagnosis analysis chart of students, teachers can realize learners’ learning situation easily and efficiently.
Advancing high performance heterogeneous integration through die stacking (2012)

This paper describes the industry's first heterogeneous Stacked Silicon Interconnect (SSI) FPGA family (3D integration). Each device is housed in a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) package for optimal signal integrity. Inside the package, a heterogeneous IC stack delivers up to 2.78Tb/s transceiver bandwidth. The resulting bandwidth is approximately three times that achievable in a monolithic solution. Mounted on a passive silicon interposer with through-silicon vias (TSVs), the heterogeneous IC stack comprises FPGA ICs with 13.1-Gb/s transceivers and dedicated analog ICs with 28-Gb/s transceivers. Optimization took place concurrently on multiple facets of the design which were necessary to successfully implement the 3-D integration. In particular, this paper outlines the choices that were made in terms of package substrate material and interposer resistivity in order to optimize 28Gb/s system channel characteristics. These choices were validated through extensive electrical simulation and test chip correlation. In addition, this paper describes the design and timing verification of inter-die interconnects, an area that the electronic design automation industry had not yet fully addressed. This paper further describes 3D thermal-mechanical modeling and analysis for package reliability. The modeling was performed to address package coplanarity issues and stresses imposed by the interposer on the active dice, the low-k dielectric material, the micro-bumps and the C4 attach. The results indicate heterogeneous stacked-silicon (3D) integration is a reliable method to build very high-bandwidth multi-chip devices that exceed current monolithic capabilities.
Small signal modeling of the MOSOS capacitor (2003)

Summary form only given. The high-frequency small-signal sinusoidal steady-state response of the 2-terminal MOSOS (metal-oxide-silicon-oxide-silicon) capacitor is solved numerically using perturbation analysis of the basic semiconductor equations. The model includes the effects of a floating semiconductor region, interface traps and nonuniform doping. Simulations show a difference between the high-frequency and quasi-static solutions for accumulation. This is due to a dipole layer which exists in the semiconductor film. The internal small-signal currents which exhibit the dipole layer are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spinal Cord Injury Elicits Expression of Keratan Sulfate Proteoglycans by Macrophages, Reactive Microglia, and Oligodendrocyte Progenitors (2002)

Keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs) are extracellular matrix molecules that appear to establish boundaries for axonal growth in the developing brain and spinal cord. In vitro studies confirm that KSPGs define inhibitory boundaries to extending neurites. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether KSPGs are expressed after spinal cord injury (SCI) and thereby might act as potential inhibitors of axonal growth. Adult Fischer 344 rats were subjected to spinal cord lesions, and the temporal and spatial expression of KSPGs was examined using the 5D4 monoclonal anti-KSPG antibody. In the intact spinal cord, a subpopulation of microglia expressed 5D4-KSPG throughout the white and gray matter. Within 24 hr of injury, 5D4-KSPG immunoreactivity substantially increased and appeared on cellular profiles in close proximity to the spinal cord lesion site, peaking 3 d after injury. Double immunolabeling revealed that 5D4-KSPG expression arose from multiple cell types at the lesion site, including reactive microglia, macrophages, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Astrocytes were not identified as a source of 5D4-KSPG. The robust and extensive production of 5D4-KSPG at sites of SCI precedes the expression of other putatively inhibitory proteoglycan molecules such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. This is the first demonstration that KSPGs are expressed after SCI in a temporal and spatial relationship that could exert an early and important role in modulating axonal growth after SCI.
Novel transformer connection to improve current sharing in high current DC rectifiers (2002)

A novel, nonconventional family of power converters for low-voltage high-current applications based on a peculiar series connection of the primary windings is presented. On the secondary side, all the semiconductors are directly connected in parallel without resorting to the use of interphase transformers or any other current sharing means. The series connection of the primaries ensures current sharing while the zigzag arrangement provides the desired pulse number. Several prototypes were assembled to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. All the results confirmed the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sleep phase and gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants at possible risk of SIDS. (1989)

The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux and sleep state in 24 infants with confirmed or suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux was studied by monitoring both the pH in the lower oesophagus and polygraphic tracings made during sleep at night. Gastro-oesophageal reflux during the night was confirmed in 20 infants. Three hundred and sixteen precipitous drops of more than one unit of pH were recorded during the studies, 186 during periods of wakefulness. Of 130 drops in pH during sleep, 62 (48%) began during active sleep and 62 during indeterminate sleep. Of the latter, 56 (90%) were associated with brief gross body movements. Only five of the drops in pH (4%) began during quiet sleep. Gastro-oesophageal reflux stopped during active sleep on 56 occasions (43%), in indeterminate sleep in 62 (47%), and in quiet sleep in 12 (9%). Episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux starting or ending in quiet sleep were uncommon. The occurrence of gastro-oesophageal reflux during active sleep may partly explain why reflux during sleep is a risk factor for pulmonary disease.
Three‐Dimensional Porous Silicon Particles for Use in High‐Performance Lithium Secondary Batteries (2008)

Thermische Behandlung und Ätzen eines physikalischen Gemischs aus einem Si-Gel mit Butyl-Endgruppen und SiO2-Nanopartikeln bei 900 °C in Argonatmosphäre führen zu dreidimensionalen porösen Si-Partikeln (siehe Bild). Nach dem vollständigen Entfernen des SiO2 verbleibt kohlenstoffbeschichtetes Si (c-Si) als hoch poröse, aber zusammenhängende Struktur mit der ursprünglichen Morphologie.
Corrosive sulfur effects in transformer oils and remedial procedures (2009)

The behavior of corrosive sulfur in mineral oils is examined in terms of the failures observed in transformers, the surfaces of the copper sulfide covered conductors and degraded paper insulating tapes. The role of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in the evaluation of the risk of copper sulfide formation is described. The degree of corrosiveness of some sulfur compounds is examined and compared using a Kraft paper wrapped-copper test (standard IEC 62535). The occurrence of DBDS as the most relevant corrosive compound is compared with the presence of other corrosive species in insulating mineral oils. A number of mitigation techniques for corrosive sulfur are described and evaluated.
Core-shell Ag@SiO2@mSiO2 mesoporous nanocarriers for metal-enhanced fluorescence (2011)

A novel mesoporous nanocarrier consisting of a silver core, a silica spacer with controlled thickness and a fluorophores-loaded mesoporous silica shell was fabricated for the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effects.
Codes with synchronization capability (1966)

A synchronizable <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(SC_{s})</tex> code has the property that the punctuation (comma or no comma, comma indicating that the next symbol is the beginning of a new code word) at a given position in a code symbol stream can always be determined by observing at most <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> code symbols in the neighborhood of the position in question. The construction of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC_{s}</tex> dictionaries and the mechanization of synchronizers using nonlinear shift registers are explained in detail. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC_{s}</tex> codes with specified word lengths are derived. By allowing unequal word lengths in the code, it is demonstrated that a substantial saving in average word length and information rate can be accomplished over other recently proposed codes having synchronization capability.
Cell-Free Massive MIMO: User-Centric Approach (2017)

Recently, the so-called cell-free (CF) massive MIMO architecture has been introduced, wherein a very large number of distributed access points simultaneously and jointly serve a much smaller number of mobile stations. This letter introduces a user-centric (UC) virtual cell approach to CF massive MIMO, wherein each user is served only by a limited number of access points. The UC approach requires less backhaul overhead than the CF approach, and outperforms the latter in terms of achievable rate-per-user for the vast majority of the users in the network.
White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Evenly Separated Red, Green, and Blue Colors for Efficiency/Color‐Rendition Trade‐Off Optimization (2011)

Abstract A novel yellowish‐green triplet emitter, bis(5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐ p ‐tolylpyridine) (acetylacetonate)iridium(III) (1), was conveniently synthesized and used in the fabrication of both monochromatic and white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). At the optimal doping concentration, monochromatic devices based on 1 exhibit a high efficiency of 63 cd A −1 (16.3% and 36.6 lm W −1 ) at a luminance of 100 cd m −2 . By combining 1 with a phosphorescent sky‐blue emitter, bis(3,5‐difluoro‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl)‐(2‐carboxypyridyl)iridium(III) (FIrPic), and a red emitter, bis(2‐benzo[ b ]thiophen‐2‐yl‐pyridine)(acetylacetonate)iridium(III) (Ir(btp) 2 (acac)), the resulting electrophosphorescent WOLEDs show three evenly separated main peaks and give a high efficiency of 34.2 cd A −1 (13.2% and 18.5 lm W −1 ) at a luminance of 100 cd m −2 . When 1 is mixed with a deep‐blue fluorescent emitter, 4,4′‐bis(9‐ethyl‐3‐carbazovinylene)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (BCzVBi), and Ir(btp) 2 (acac), the resulting hybrid WOLEDs demonstrate a high color‐rendering index of 91.2 and CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.34). The efficient and highly color‐pure WOLEDs based on 1 with evenly separated red, green, blue peaks and a high color‐rendering index outperform those of the state‐of‐the‐art emitter, fac ‐tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy) 3 ), and are ideal candidates for display and lighting applications.
SIRT1 deacetylates RORγt and enhances Th17 cell generation (2015)

The balance of effector and regulatory T cell function, dependent on multiple signals and epigenetic regulators, is critical to immune self-tolerance. Dysregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) effector cells is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Here, we report that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a protein deacetylase previously reported to have an antiinflammatory function, in fact promotes autoimmunity by deacetylating RORγt, the signature transcription factor of Th17 cells. SIRT1 increases RORγt transcriptional activity, enhancing Th17 cell generation and function. Both T cell-specific Sirt1 deletion and treatment with pharmacologic SIRT1 inhibitors suppress Th17 differentiation and are protective in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Moreover, analysis of infiltrating cell populations during disease induction in mixed hematopoietic chimeras shows a marked bias against Sirt1-deficient Th17 cells. These findings reveal an unexpected proinflammatory role of SIRT1 and, importantly, support the possible therapeutic use of SIRT1 inhibitors against autoimmunity.
The Insulin-Sensitive Glucose Transporter (GLUT4) Is Involved in Early Bone Growth in Control and Diabetic Mice, But Is Regulated through the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor* (1999)

Children with uncontrolled type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are characterized by a slow growth rate, which improves upon adequate therapy. While skeletal growth is an energy-consuming process involving high glucose utilization, the role of glucose transporters (GLUT) and their regulation in the bone formation process are not yet fully understood. Thus, we studied both in vivo and in vitro early endochondral bone formation in control and streptozotocin-induced young diabetic mice. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry techniques, we demonstrated the novel existence of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT4), as well as GLUT1, in juvenile-derived murine mandibular condyles and in the humeral growth plate-two models for endochondral bone formation. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptors (IGF-I-R), but not insulin receptors (IR), were shown to have cellular distribution similar to GLUT4, being more abundant in mature chondrocytes. Further, in the skeletal growth centers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, GLUT4, IGF-I, and IGF-I and insulin receptor levels, but not GLUT1 were markedly reduced. The decrease in GLUT4 and in IGF-I and insulin receptors was associated with severe histological changes in the mandibular condyles and humeral growth plate. Insulin therapy restored IR levels to normalcy, whereas IGF-I-R and GLUT4 levels were only partially recovered. Thus, GLUT4 and IGF-I-R have a potential role in early bone growth in mice. Further, during early bone growth GLUT4 may be regulated through the IGF-I receptor rather than via the insulin receptor. We propose that skeletal growth retardation in type I diabetes may be associated with reduced expression of the GLUT4 and IGF-I receptor in the bone growth center.
Early and Enhanced Antitoxin Responses Elicited with Complexes of Tetanus Toxoid and Specific Mouse and Human Antibodies (1975)

Primary tetanus antitoxin responses were early and enhanced in mice when tetanus toxoid was administered in complex with specific isologous antitoxin or specific mouse gamma-globulin. Antoxin responses were enhanced when fluid tetanus toxoid was complexed in vitro in antigen-to-antibody ratios of equivalence or antigen excess; responses to complexed toxoid in antibody excess were comparatively repressed. Primarly responses were greatly inhibited in mice immunized with the same amount ot toxoid complexed in vitro in antigen-to-antibody ratios of equivalence or antigen excess; responses to complexed toxoid in antibody excess were comparatively repressed. Primary responses were greatly inhibited in mice immunized with the same amount of toxoid complexed at equivalence or in antibody excell with specific human gamma-globulin. Although primary responses. Separate injections of antigen and antibody at different sites produced an excelldnt antitoxin responses. Separate injections of antigen and antibody at different sites produced an excellent in vivo primed state for early and high responses. Antibody production after stimulation with complexed toxoid was also enhanced in mice irradiated with 400 rad, a dose that ordinarily completely suppresses primary responses with fluid toxoid alone. These data provide evidence for the efficacy of antigen-antibody complexes in early and active immunization.
Application of fibre Bragg grating sensors for structural health monitoring of an adaptive wing (2011)

This paper presents the concept of application of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) of an adaptive wing. In this concept, the shape of the wing is controlled and altered due to the wing design and the use of integrated shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators. FBG sensors are great tools for controlling the condition of composite structures due to their immunity to electromagnetic fields as well as their small size and weight. They can be mounted onto the surface or embedded into the wing skin without any significant influence on the wing strength. In the first part of the paper a determination of the twisting moments produced by activation of the SMA actuators is presented. As a first step, a numerical analysis using a finite element method (FEM) commercial code ABAQUS® is presented. Then a comparison between strain values measured by FBG sensors and determined numerically is used for determination of the real value of the activation moment of every SMA actuator. Two types of damage scenarios are analysed and discussed in the paper. The first scenario is reduction of the twisting moment values produced by one of the SMA actuators. The second scenario is outer skin damage. In both damage scenarios, a neural network is used for damage detection and localization.
Quantum Dense Coding Exploiting a Bright Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Beam (2002)

Highly efficient quantum dense coding for continuous variables has been experimentally accomplished by means of exploiting a bright Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) beam with anticorrelation of amplitude quadratures and correlation of phase quadratures. Two bits of classical information are encoded on two quadratures of a half of a bright EPR beam, then are simultaneously decoded by the other half of the EPR beam with the sensitivities beyond that of the shot noise limit. A high degree of immunity to unauthorized eavesdropping has been experimentally demonstrated.
Divide & conquer-based inclusion dependency discovery (2015)

The discovery of all inclusion dependencies (INDs) in a dataset is an important part of any data profiling effort. Apart from the detection of foreign key relationships, INDs can help to perform data integration, query optimization, integrity checking, or schema (re-)design. However, the detection of INDs gets harder as datasets become larger in terms of number of tuples as well as attributes. To this end, we propose Binder, an IND detection system that is capable of detecting both unary and n-ary INDs. It is based on a divide & conquer approach, which allows to handle very large datasets -- an important property on the face of the ever increasing size of today's data. In contrast to most related works, we do not rely on existing database functionality nor assume that inspected datasets fit into main memory. This renders Binder an efficient and scalable competitor. Our exhaustive experimental evaluation shows the high superiority of Binder over the state-of-the-art in both unary (Spider) and n-ary (Mind) IND discovery. Binder is up to 26x faster than Spider and more than 2500x faster than Mind.
Fast interconnect parasitic extraction in deep submicron using bin-based algorithm (2002)

Presents a fast interconnect capacitance extraction tool (wire extractor) LASCA, which considers the lateral coupling, ground and crossover capacitances. Using the bin-based algorithm to extract connectivity, empirical formulation and a simple 2 1/2 D methodology, we provide a good trade-off between accuracy and efficiency when compared to traditional layout extraction. Comparisons between our wire extractor with the Diva extractor (Cadence design Systems), give an average difference of only 5% in the final delay of some benchmarks, being up to 30 times faster than Diva.
A CMOS integrated bacterial sensor for rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2008)

An integrated bacterial detection chip is implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The chip has been tested using pyocins as biological detecting elements along with the study of electrical noise generated in an integrated nanowell to detect the presence of two different bacterial clinical isolates of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Pseudomonas</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">aeruginosa</i> . The chip successfully identifies the presence of bacterial strains sensitive to the pyocin in less than 10 minutes. The effect of bacterial cell concentration is also presented in the experimental results. The chip consumes 122 muW from 3.3 V supply for two recording channels and occupies an area of 0.48 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 0.18 mum standard CMOS process.
The chemistry and technology of leather (1956)

The chemistry and technology of leather , The chemistry and technology of leather , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی