gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Low Free Gas Saturations in Water-Bearing Bright Spot Sands (1976)

Abstract Water-bearing sands occasionally have been observed to give seismic reflection amplitudes of sufficient magnitude to be considered Bright Spots. It has been shown theoretically that such “false” Bright Spots* might be produced by the presence of small amounts of free gas which can cause large changes in seismic velocity in clean unconsolidated sands. This paper describes work carried out in an effort to test the validity of this explanation for a number of false Bright Spots encountered by Shell Oil in the Offshore Gulf of Mexico Province. The particular examples of false Bright Spots studied were observed on acreage acquired in the December 1972 Federal Lease Sale. The investigation of these false Bright Spots involved laboratory measurements on cores, wireline formation tests and complete log suites. Wireline formation test results were not conclusive. However, formation waters appeared to be saturated with methane gas at reservoir conditions. This methane gas was analyzed and found to be biogenic in origin. Core examinations in these anomalous sands show the presence of organic material. Therefore, generation of methane could be occurring within these sands at the present time. Additional core studies showed that no combination of sand porosity, grain size and/or sorting could produce the velocity changes that were needed to give the amplitude anomalies that were observed for some of these sands. Cycle skipping was observed on the sonic logs at several of the false Bright Spot zones which may indicate abnormally low velocities in these zones. Considering all of the above lines of evidence, we concluded that the false Bright Spots which were studied were created by low saturations of free gas. All of these cases occurred in good quality Pleistocene sands.
Nonprecious Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems (2018)

A comprehensive review of recent advances in the field of oxygen reduction electrocatalysis utilizing nonprecious metal (NPM) catalysts is presented. Progress in the synthesis and characterization of pyrolyzed catalysts, based primarily on the transition metals Fe and Co with sources of N and C, is summarized. Several synthetic strategies to improve the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highlighted. Recent work to explain the active-site structures and the ORR mechanism on pyrolyzed NPM catalysts is discussed. Additionally, the recent application of Cu-based catalysts for the ORR is reviewed. Suggestions and direction for future research to develop and understand NPM catalysts with enhanced ORR activity are provided.
Nanostrukturen und Topologien von Nucleinsäuren (1998)

Knoten, Polyeder und borromäische Ringe aus DNA-Molekülen sind topologisch eindeutig definierte makromolekulare Strukturen. Nachdem die Programmierbarkeit der intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen von DNA in der Biotechnologie schon seit langem genutzt wird, wird sie nun auch auf verzweigte DNA-Moleküle erfolgreich angewendet, um komplexe Zielstrukturen (z. B. die oben erwähnten oder den abgebildeten Würfel) oder auch nanomechanische Funktionseinheiten herzustellen. Der Aufbau zweidimensionaler Kristalle mit vorhersagbaren topologischen Eigenschaften demonstriert die Leichtigkeit, mit der das Design einer Oberflächenstruktur verwirklicht werden kann.
Demonstration of a novel optical code-division multiple-access system at 800 megachips per second (1991)

A novel optical code-division multiple-access system using Alberta codes and complementary correlation is demonstrated at 800 megachips per second. Completely passive optical multiplexing and demultiplexing is performed throughout the process. Complementary correlation permits code orthogonality because bipolar electrical signals are generated from unipolar optical ones. The correlator is implemented optoelectronically with an array of metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes. We show that the bit-error-rate performance of the system is not degraded by interfering signals and that zero cross talk is nominally achieved. An unusual property of such systems is confirmed: The bit error rate on a channel can be reduced by the presence of an interfering channel if the two transmitters are not chip asynchronous.
CNS depressive role of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea L. leaves in adult male albino rats. (2008)

Treatment with Spinacia oleracea extract (SO; 400 mg/kg body weight) decreased the locomotor activity, grip strength, increased pentobarbitone induced sleeping time and also markedly altered pentylenetetrazole induced seizure status in Holtzman strain adult male albino rats. SO increased serotonin level and decreased both norepinephrine and dopamine levels in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, midbrain and pons and medulla. Result suggests that SO exerts its CNS depressive effect in PTZ induced seizure by modulating the monoamines in different brain areas.
XXV. On the structure of the cerebral hemispheres (1870)

Abstract The object of the investigation has been twofold. First and chiefly, to endeavour to ascertain minutely the course of the fibres by which the convolutions of the hemisphere are connected with each other and with the crus and central ganglia.
Power analysis attacks and algorithmic approaches to their countermeasures for Koblitz curve cryptosystems (2001)

Because of their shorter key sizes, cryptosystems based on elliptic curves are being increasingly used in practical applications. A special class of elliptic curves, namely, Koblitz curves, offers an additional, but crucial advantage of considerably reduced processing time. Power analysis attacks are applied to cryptosystems that use scalar multiplication on Koblitz curves. Both the simple and the differential power analysis attacks are considered and a number of countermeasures are suggested. While the proposed countermeasures against the simple power analysis attacks rely on making the power consumption for the elliptic curve scalar multiplication independent of the secret key, those for the differential power analysis attacks depend on randomizing the secret key prior to each execution of the scalar multiplication. These countermeasures are computationally efficient and suitable for hardware implementation.
Retroviral-Mediated Expression of an MHC Class I-Restricted T Cell Receptor in the CD8 T Cell Compartment of Bone Marrow-Reconstituted Mice (1998)

The introduction of cloned T cell receptor (TCR) genes into bone marrow cells could provide a way to increase the frequency of tumor- or pathogen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors. We demonstrate here the ability of a retroviral vector to direct expression of a Valpha15/Vbeta13 MHC class I-restricted TCR in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with transduced bone marrow cells. We have detected retroviral-mediated TCR expression by flow cytometry 6-19 weeks after transplantation in C57L (Vbeta13(-/-)) and Rag1(-/-) bone marrow-reconstituted mice, and in C57BL/6 hosts reconstituted with transduced C57BL/6-Rag1(-/-) bone marrow. Southern analysis confirmed the presence of integrated provirus and revealed that the frequency of transduction is greater than the frequency of cell surface TCR expression. Although TCR expression on Vbeta13+ transduced cells is lower than endogenous TCR levels, it is largely confined to CD4+CD8+ (thymus) and CD8+ (thymus and spleen) T cells. In Rag1(-/-) mice, which display a developmental arrest of thymocytes at the immature CD4-CD8- stage, retrovirus-mediated TCR expression selectively rescues CD4+CD8+ and CD8+ populations. These results indicate that the ectopically expressed TCR is functional during T cell development. Furthermore, we have observed Vbeta13+ TCR expression by up to 13% of peripheral CD8+ T cells in C57L and C57BL/6 hosts. This represents a substantial increase relative to total Vbeta13 frequency in normal C57BL/6 mice (3-5%), and an even greater increase over the estimated frequency of CTL precursors of a defined specificity (10(-5)-10(-4)). Our findings indicate that TCR gene transfer can be used to develop new approaches to immunotherapy, and provide the basis for further studies examining the contribution of retrovirus-mediated TCR expression to an antigen-specific CTL response.
Katalytische enantioselektive Epoxidierungen einfacher Olefine (1991)

Enantioselektive katalytische Oxidationen nicht funktionalisierter Alkene [Gl. (a), X = H, Alkyl, Aryl] durchführen zu können, war lange eine Herausforderung geblieben, nachdem vor nun schon über zehn Jahren Sharpless et al. die enantioselektive Epoxidierung von Allylalkoholen [Gl. (a), X = OH] entwickelt hatten. Designer‐Katalysatoren auf Porphyrinbasis brachten hier in jüngster Zeit Fortschritte. Attraktiv als Katalysator erwies sich auch Poly‐L‐leucin, in dessen Gegenwart mit H 2 O 2 /NaOH diverse Chalkone mit bis zu 92% ee epoxidiert werden konnten. magnified image
<i>Eimeria tenella</i>: localization of the sporozoites in the caecum of the domestic fowl (1991)

When sporozoites of Eimeria tenella were inoculated into an isolated horn of the bicornuate caecum of the domestic fowl, replicating infections, culminating in the production of oocysts, were found, almost exclusively, in the inoculated horn. In contrast, sporozoites of E. tenella introduced into the bloodstream via a superficial vein induced infections of equivalent intensity in both horns of the caecum. These findings are discussed with reference to (1) the detection (by tissue transfer) of infective sporozoites in samples of cardiac blood and vascular tissues taken within 3 to 18 h of the oral inoculation of oocysts, and (2) the (previously published) observation that the sporozoites of E. tenella are transported from the superficial epithelium of the caecum (site of invasion) to the crypts (site of initial development) within host intra-epithelial lymphocytes. We suggest that a local inflammatory response to the invasion of sporozoites may be responsible for their re-location in proximity to the site of entry. This could act by directing the homing (or retention) of the parasite-bearing lymphocytes, and/or by providing a stimulus for the sporozoite to leave its transporting cell.
Differential of light‐scattering detection in an arc‐lamp‐based epi‐illumination flow cytometer (1985)

Light-scattering histograms of blood cell suspensions were recorded for various ranges of scattering angles by means of an arc-lamp-based flow cytometer (AL-FCM). The results were compared with those obtained with a conventional, laser-based flow cytometer (L-FCM) with forward scattering (2-20 degrees) and scattering at right angles. Measuring with the AL-FCM in the angle range upward from 13 degrees, the relative light-scattering intensities of lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were essentially independent of scattering angle and closely similar to the values measured as right-angle scattering in the L-FCM. With a range of scattering angles upward from 2 degrees the AL-FCM yielded histograms similar although not identical to that of the forward-scattering detector in the L-FCM. Differentiation between live and dead cells in this mode of operation was similar in the two instruments.
Multiplex qPCR discriminates variants of concern to enhance global surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

With the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that may increase transmissibility and/or cause escape from immune responses, there is an urgent need for the targeted surveillance of circulating lineages. It was found that the B.1.1.7 (also 501Y.V1) variant, first detected in the United Kingdom, could be serendipitously detected by the Thermo Fisher TaqPath COVID-19 PCR assay because a key deletion in these viruses, spike Δ69-70, would cause a "spike gene target failure" (SGTF) result. However, a SGTF result is not definitive for B.1.1.7, and this assay cannot detect other variants of concern (VOC) that lack spike Δ69-70, such as B.1.351 (also 501Y.V2), detected in South Africa, and P.1 (also 501Y.V3), recently detected in Brazil. We identified a deletion in the ORF1a gene (ORF1a Δ3675-3677) in all 3 variants, which has not yet been widely detected in other SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Using ORF1a Δ3675-3677 as the primary target and spike Δ69-70 to differentiate, we designed and validated an open-source PCR assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 VOC. Our assay can be rapidly deployed in laboratories around the world to enhance surveillance for the local emergence and spread of B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1.
Systematic generation of stochastic diversity as an intrusion barrier in survivable systems software (2003)

Survivable systems software must exhibit high resistance to intrusion. A process of stochastic diversification can help increase resistance to intrusion through random obscuration of survivable system properties. Intruders often rely on analysis of source code to identify and exploit vulnerability in software. The ability of intruders to understand and analyze code can be dramatically reduced through a process of stochastic unstructuring to increase software complexity as an intrusion barrier while preserving function and performance. The constructive proof of the Structure Theorem was originally applied as a systematic process for transforming complex, unstructured programs into function-equivalent structured form for improved understandability and maintenance. This process can be reversed to systematically introduce stochastic diversity by transforming structured programs into function-equivalent unstructured programs of arbitrary complexity that are virtually impossible to understand.
Influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Gingivitis Induced by Multi-Bracket Appliances: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial (2018)

On the basis of these results and study parameters, adjuvant PBMT is able to accelerate the healing process in patients with gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances.
Induction in Mucosa of IgG and IgA Antibodies against Parenterally Administered Soluble Immunogens (2001)

The induction of a mucosal immunity provides an additional principle of vaccination by preventing the entry of pathogens in the body. Albeit the fact that intensive research has been conducted on local vaccines, the major mucosal vaccine commercially available for human use remains the oral polio vaccine. We have previously demonstrated that parenteral vaccination in humans with tetanus toxoid (TT) results in a genital immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody (Ab) response. Here, we show that injections of TT with no adjuvant induces an anti‐TT response in the mucosal tissues of normal BALB/ c mice. The response is multiregional, involves both IgG and IgA isotypes, and is long‐lasting. Similarly, injections of haptens coupled to TT or to other diffusible proteins may induce mucosal Abs. These results led us to immunize normal BALB/ c mice with a viral peptide coupled to TT by disulfide bridging. The hapten was a 17 amino acid peptide containing the ELDKWA sequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 gp41. A significant IgG and IgA Ab response to the immunizing peptide was induced in various mucosal tissues despite the presence of a suboptimal Ab response in the spleen. The results indicate that mucosal immunity to peptides that are candidates for human vaccinations may be achieved by parenteral adjuvant‐free immunization with peptide coupled to TT.
Design and implementation of a data analytics infrastructure in support of crisis informatics research (NIER track) (2011)

Crisis informatics is an emerging research area that studies how information and communication technology (ICT) is used in emergency response. An important branch of this area includes investigations of how members of the public make use of ICT to aid them during mass emergencies. Data collection and analytics during crisis events is a critical pre-requisite for performing such research, as the data generated during these events on social media networks are ephemeral and easily lost. We report on the current state of a crisis informatics data analytics infrastructure that we are developing in support of a broader, interdisciplinary research program. We also comment on the role that software engineering research plays in these increasingly common, highly-interdisciplinary research efforts.
Service Discovery Protocols for Constrained Machine-to-Machine Communications (2013)

An emerging trend in many applications is to use resource-constrained wireless devices for machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. The observed proliferation of wireless embedded systems is expected to have a significant impact on future M2M applications if the services provided can be automatically discovered and accessed at runtime. In order to realize the decoupling of M2M applications and services, energy efficient service discovery mechanisms must be designed so as to minimize human intervention during configuration and management phases. However, many traditional service discovery protocols cannot be applied to wireless constrained devices because they introduce too much overhead, fail in a duty-cycled environment or require significant memory resources. To address this, either new protocols are being proposed or existing ones are adapted to meet the requirements of constrained networks. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of service discovery protocols that have been recently proposed for constrained M2M communications by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Advantages, disadvantages, performance and challenges of the existing solutions for different M2M scenarios are also analyzed.
Quinone Reduction in Ionic Liquids for Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Separation (2015)

We report the redox activity of quinone materials, in the presence of ionic liquids, with the ability to bind reversibly to CO2. The reduction potential at which 1,4-naphthoquinone transforms to the quinone dianion depends on the strength of the hydrogen-bonding characteristics of the ionic liquid solvent; under CO2, this transformation occurs at much lower potentials than in a CO2-inert environment. In the absence of CO2, two consecutive reduction steps are required to form first the radical anion and then the dianion, but with the quinones considered here, a single two-electron wave reduction with simultaneous binding of CO2 occurs. In particular, the 1,4-napthoquinone and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide, [emim][tcm], system reported here shows a higher quinone solubility (0.6 and 1.9 mol·L–1 at 22 and 60 °C, respectively) compared to other ionic liquids and most common solvents. The high polarity determined through the Kamlet–Taft parameters for [emim][tcm] explains the measured solubility of quinone. The achieved high quinone solubility enables effective CO2 separation from the dilute gas mixture that is contact with the cathode by overcoming back-diffusive transport of CO2 from the anodic side.
The role of an ultrathin silicon interlayer at the SiO2-Ge interface (1992)

Recent studies [Hattangady et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 581 (1990)] have shown greatly reduced interface state densities (5×1010 cm−2 eV−1) in Ge-based, metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with the use of an ultrathin, pseudomorphic Si interlayer between the gate dielectric, SiO2, and the Ge semiconductor substrate. The Si and the SiO2 layers are deposited in situ and sequentially at low temperature (300 °C) in a remote-plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition system. This report presents an analysis of the Si-Ge heterostructure before and after the SiO2 deposition. Low-energy He ion scattering spectroscopy shows that the silicon layer (28 Å) provides complete coverage of the Ge surface prior to the deposition of the SiO2 film. The existence of the silicon interlayer after the remote-plasma-enhanced deposition of 150 Å of the SiO2 film is established by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Throughout a cumulative series of thin (∼10 Å) oxide depositions, XPS showed no evidence of Ge oxidation states other than Ge0+ (elemental Ge) at the interface. Quantitative XPS has been used to evaluate the extent of subcutaneous oxidation which could determine the amount of Si remaining at the interface and thereby influence the electrical properties of the semiconductor-oxide interface. For the conditions studied, it is observed that oxidation consumes only 4 Å of the initial 28 Å of silicon. Furthermore, this is apparently due to the plasma oxidation of the silicon at the initiation of the remote oxygen plasma discharge. Subcutaneous oxidation is limited thereafter by the oxide film that forms a barrier to oxygen diffusion. In addition, the XPS analysis reveals several important characteristics of SiO2-Si interface formation with these plasma-deposited SiO2 dielectric films. Inversion-mode, p-channel Ge field-effect transistors fabricated with this composite SiO2-Si gate dielectric structure show a maximum room-temperature transconductance of 52 mS mm−1 at a gate length of 2 μm and a peak effective channel hole mobility of 430 cm2 V−1 s−1. These devices exhibit negligible charge-induced threshold shifts.
Fully controlled regenerative bridges with half-controlled characteristics (1978)

The paper describes a means of control for fully controlled thyristor bridges which effects regeneration of energy to the a.c. supply source and still maintains the better power-factor and ripple characteristics usually associated with half-controlled rectifier arrangements. The technique is applicable to polyphase bridge circuits but the advantages are greatest in the handling of large single-phase powers such as occur in a.c.-fed traction systems. Although these advantages are applicable to d.c. motor control schemes the convertor bridge characteristics are naturally suited for use with current-source-type invertor-controlled a.c. motors. Such control techniques may thus prove vital in the consideration of a.c.-motor schemes for a.c.-supplied traction applications.
Multi-channel magnetocardiograph: control and software (2004)

We present algorithms and software developed for working with multichannel magnetocardiograph. Such software is intended for control of operation and computer processing of magnetocardiographic (MCG) data obtained from the human heart. Magnetocardiograph is controlled as "virtual device" from PC mouse/keyboard, so as manually from electronic unit and all that through the control microprocessors embedded into hardware units. Software processing is performed both in on-line mode during process of data acquisition and in off-line manner during post-processing. Software allows preliminary processing, reconstruction and analysis of magnetic maps, and also inverse problem solution. Package is intended both for scientific studying of the heart electric activity and studying of MCG informative indexes for clinical diagnostic of cardiology diseases. Above software is planned to use at Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology (Kyiv) within framework of project supported by Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU).