gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass Transfer and Kinetic Limitations During Synthesis Gas Fermentation by Acetogenic Bacteria (2011)

Hydrogen and carbon monoxide, sparingly soluble gases are transferred to reactive sites inside cells during fermentation of synthesis gas to fuel and chemicals. The rate of conversion is set by either the transfer of gas into the cell or the kinetics of reaction inside the cell. Gas consumption, cell growth and production of ethanol and acetic acid from synthesis gas, primarily CO, H2 and CO2, by Clostridium ragsdalei, also called Clostridium strain P11 was followed to observe the interplay of kinetic and mass transfer limitations in the course of fermentation. Fermentations were studied under various conditions of pressure, cell concentration, agitation, gas composition, and mass transfer techniques. Mass transfer limitation was differentiated from kinetic limitation in batch bottle fermentation. Substrate uptake rate limit transitions from kinetic limitation with inhibition to mass transfer limitation in batch bottle fermentors. Fermentation during stationary growth phase was kinetic limited. Control strategy balancing mass transfer limitation and kinetic limitation of fermentation will be adapted to a stirred tank fermentor.
Thermal Spin Transfer in Fe-MgO-Fe Tunnel Junctions (2011)

We compute thermal spin transfer (TST) torques in Fe-MgO-Fe tunnel junctions using a first principles wave-function-matching method. At room temperature, the TST in a junction with 3 MgO monolayers amounts to 10(-7) J/m(2)/K, which is estimated to cause magnetization reversal for temperature differences over the barrier of the order of 10 K. The large TST can be explained by multiple scattering between interface states through ultrathin barriers. The angular dependence of the TST can be very skewed, possibly leading to thermally induced high-frequency generation.
Smooth muscle and bone neoplasms in transgenic mice expressing SV40 T antigen. (1994)

Transgenic mice carrying the SV40 early region fused to the Drosophila hsp70 promoter developed smooth muscle and bone neoplasms. The smooth muscle tumors appeared in aged mice and were preferentially located on the muzzle or eyelids. Multiple neoplasms were often present and each appeared to be an independent proliferation. In contrast, the bone tumors typically developed in the petrous ridge and had all the features of osteogenic sarcomas, displaying distant metastasis and invasion of the brain. Cells in both types of tumors exhibited nuclear expression of SV40 T antigen. Mice homozygous for the transgene had a shorter latency for appearance of smooth muscle tumors and developed osteosarcomas more frequently than hemizygous mice. This model system implicates the cellular T antigen-binding proteins, such as Rb and p53, in the pathogenesis of bone and soft tissue neoplasms in mice.
Hydrogen injection and retention in nanocavities of single-crystalline silicon (2009)

The control of the chemical state of the inner surfaces of nanocavities (NCs) produced by the annealing of helium-implanted silicon has influence on lifetime control, gettering and wafer bonding. In this work it is demonstrated that the etching in HFaq of (1 0 0) silicon containing a buried array of NCs produces a giant injection of hydrogen with the consequent passivation of the inner surfaces, mainly via the formation of silicon monohydride at (1 1 1) faces and monohydride dimers at 2 × 1 reconstructed (1 0 0) faces. These terminations are very stable and survive heat treatments at 700 °C.
Aggregate gaze visualization with real-time heatmaps (2012)

A GPU implementation is given for real-time visualization of aggregate eye movements (gaze) via heatmaps. Parallelization of the algorithm leads to substantial speedup over its CPU-based implementation and, for the first time, allows real-time rendering of heatmaps atop video. GLSL shader colorization allows the choice of color ramps. Several luminance-based color maps are advocated as alternatives to the popular rainbow color map, considered inappropriate (harmful) for depiction of (relative) gaze distributions.
Catalytic borylation of methane (2016)

Despite steady progress in catalytic methods for the borylation of hydrocarbons, methane has not yet been subject to this transformation. Here we report the iridium-catalyzed borylation of methane using bis(pinacolborane) in cyclohexane solvent. Initially, trace amounts of borylated products were detected with phenanthroline-coordinated Ir complexes. A combination of experimental high-pressure and high-throughput screening, and computational mechanism discovery techniques helped to rationalize the foundation of the catalysis and identify improved phosphine-coordinated catalytic complexes. Optimized conditions of 150°C and 3500-kilopascal pressure led to yields as high as ~52%, turnover numbers of 100, and improved chemoselectivity for monoborylated versus diborylated methane.
The 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Palladium-Catalysed Cross-Coupling (2011)

The 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Professor Richard F. Heck (University of Delaware, USA), Professor Ei-ichi Negishi (Purdue University, USA) and Professor Akira Suzuki (Hokkaido University, Japan) for their work on palladium-catalysed cross-coupling in organic synthesis. This article presents a brief history of the development of the protocols for palladium-catalysed coupling in the context of Heck, Negishi and Suzuki coupling. Further developments in the area of palladium-catalysed cross-coupling are also briefly discussed, and the importance of these reactions for real world applications is highlighted.
Constant size descriptors for accurate machine learning models of molecular properties (2018)

Two different classes of molecular representations for use in machine learning of thermodynamic and electronic properties are studied. The representations are evaluated by monitoring the performance of linear and kernel ridge regression models on well-studied data sets of small organic molecules. One class of representations studied here counts the occurrence of bonding patterns in the molecule. These require only the connectivity of atoms in the molecule as may be obtained from a line diagram or a SMILES string. The second class utilizes the three-dimensional structure of the molecule. These include the Coulomb matrix and Bag of Bonds, which list the inter-atomic distances present in the molecule, and Encoded Bonds, which encode such lists into a feature vector whose length is independent of molecular size. Encoded Bonds' features introduced here have the advantage of leading to models that may be trained on smaller molecules and then used successfully on larger molecules. A wide range of feature sets are constructed by selecting, at each rank, either a graph or geometry-based feature. Here, rank refers to the number of atoms involved in the feature, e.g., atom counts are rank 1, while Encoded Bonds are rank 2. For atomization energies in the QM7 data set, the best graph-based feature set gives a mean absolute error of 3.4 kcal/mol. Inclusion of 3D geometry substantially enhances the performance, with Encoded Bonds giving 2.4 kcal/mol, when used alone, and 1.19 kcal/mol, when combined with graph features.
Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">While a large number of dynamic simulation models have been presented for various four-cycle spark ignition engine subsystems in the literature, very few have been presented for the entire engine which can claim an acceptable level of accuracy for engineering purposes. This paper presents a nonlinear three state (three differential equation) dynamic model of an SI engine which has the same steady state accuracy as a typical dynamometer measurement of the engine over its entire speed/load operating range (±2.0%). The model's accuracy for fast transients is of the same order in the same operating region.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Because the model is so mathematically compact, it has few adjustable parameters and is thus simple to fit to a given engine either on the basis of measurements or given the steady state results of a larger cycle simulation package. The model can easily be run on a Personal Computer (PC) using a ordinary differential equation (ODE) integrating routine or package.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper shows how the model can be fitted using either experimental data or simulation results. Moreover it includes the results of simulations run on experimental data with large and fast throttle (tip-in/out) transients which show its excellent steady state and dynamic accuracy. The model is also useful for control system design and evaluation.</div>
Cardioprotective effects of the MR contrast agent MnDPDP and its metabolite MnPLED upon reperfusion of the ischemic porcine myocardium (2001)

Purpose: To evaluate whether manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) or its metabolite manganese dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) reduces post-ischemic myocardial injury. Material and Methods: Left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anesthetized pigs was occluded (30 min) followed by reperfusion (120 min) during hemodynamic monitoring and infarct assessment. Three μmol/kg MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline was injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion followed by infusion of either 3 μmol/kg/h MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg/h MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline. The plasma concentrations of MnDPDP, MnPLED and other metabolites (e.g., ZnDPDP and ZnPLED) were analyzed. Results: Femoral blood flow was reduced by 60% during early reperfusion in controls, whereas only 23 and 31% reductions were seen in animals treated with MnDPDP and MnPLED. During that time, +LV/dP and -LV/dP (maximum rate of left ventricular isovolumic contraction and relaxation, respectively), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure fell significantly less in animals treated with MnDPDP or MnPLED. Three out of 5 control animals experienced ventricular fibrillation (VF) during reperfusion, whereas VF was not seen in any of the pigs treated with MnPLED or/and MnDPDP. The infarct sizes in saline- and MnPLED-treated animals were 39±6 and 16±5%, respectively, of the occluded areas. MnDPDP did not reduce the infarct size. A mixture of MnDPDP and MnPLED significantly reduced infarct size (10±4%). When reperfusion started and throughout reperfusion, almost all injected MnDPDP was present as Zn-metabolites. Conclusion: MnPLED seems to reduce reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarct size in pigs. MnDPDP does not reduce infarct size in the pig, probably because of the rapid exchange of Mn2+ for Zn2+ taking place in the pig.
The Contribution of DOPA to Substrate–Peptide Adhesion and Internal Cohesion of Mussel‐Inspired Synthetic Peptide Films (2010)

Mussels use a variety of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (DOPA) rich proteins specifically tailored to adhering to wet surfaces. Synthetic polypeptide analogues of adhesive mussel foot proteins (specifically mfp-3) are used to study the role of DOPA in adhesion. The mussel-inspired peptide is a random copolymer of DOPA and N(5) -(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-glutamine synthesized with DOPA concentrations of 0-27 mol% and molecular weights of 5.9-7.1 kDa. Thin films (3-5 nm thick) of the mussel-inspired peptide are used in the surface forces apparatus (SFA) to measure the force-distance profiles and adhesion and cohesion energies of the films in an acetate buffer. The adhesion energies of the mussel-inspired peptide films to mica and TiO(2) surfaces increase with DOPA concentration. The adhesion energy to mica is 0.09 μJ m(-2) mol(DOPA) (-1) and does not depend on contact time or load. The adhesion energy to TiO(2) is 0.29 μJ m(-2) mol(DOPA) (-1) for short contact times and increases to 0.51 μJ m(-2) mol(DOPA) (-1) for contact times >60 min in a way suggestive of a phase transition within the film. Oxidation of DOPA to the quinone form, either by addition of periodate or by increasing the pH, increases the thickness and reduces the cohesion of the films. Adding thiol containing polymers between the oxidized films recovers some of the cohesion strength. Comparison of the mussel-inspired peptide films to previous studies on mfp-3 thin films show that the strong adhesion and cohesion in mfp-3 films can be attributed to DOPA groups favorably oriented within or at the interface of these films.
An impossible marriage: Solidarity economy and monetary economy (2013)

Can a forest or a human life be reduced to a price? Can one hold, or balance, contradictory values? If not, then those who advocate a Social and Solidarity Economy must address the generally intractable conflicts between social and environmental values, on the one hand, and monetary ones, on the other. Markets create prices, or monetary values, on an entirely different logic to either shared social values, for example related to basic needs, or ecologically determined environmental values. So, doesn't the Social and Solidarity Economy need to avoid the trappings of monetary calculation and capitalist markets?
pH-Responsive supramolecular vesicles assembled by water-soluble pillar[5]arene and a BODIPY photosensitizer for chemo-photodynamic dual therapy (2015)

Supramolecular vesicles which can successfully encapsulate DOX and exhibit rapid drug release in a low-pH environment are constructed based on the host-guest interaction of water-soluble pillar[5]arene and a BODIPY derivative. They show remarkable combination of chemo- and photodynamic activities, suggesting a promising drug nanocarrier.
Determination of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane in Milk and Fatty Materials (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane in Milk and Fatty MaterialsH. V. Claborn and H. F. BeckmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 1, 220–222Publication Date (Print):January 23, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60061a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60061a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of dominant negative Rho-binding domain of Rho-kinase in organ cultured human eye anterior segments increases aqueous humor outflow. (2005)

This study demonstrated that specific inhibition of Rho-kinase activity in trabecular meshwork cells led to alterations in cell shape and presumed contractile properties, and we hypothesize that these morphological and contractile events underlie the observed effects of dominant negative Rho-kinase on the aqueous humor outflow facility. These data provide molecular evidence for the hypothesis of Rho-kinase being a potential cellular target involved in the regulation of aqueous humor outflow resistance, with implications for novel glaucoma therapy.
Development of Thin Observation Module by Bound Optics (2003)

A compact image capturing system called TOMBO (thin observation module by bound optics) is proposed. This system is an opto-electronic hybrid system, that utilizes a compound-eye imaging optics to achieve a very thin system configuration. Digital processing of the captured multiple images is used to retrieve the object image. Experimental results using the TOMBO prototype system are presented. As an application, a compact fingerprint capturing system using the TOMBO is described.
Two Forms of the Human Prothrombin Converting Enzyme (Active Factor X) (1971)

Chromatographic analysis and concomitant coagulation measurements have revealed two forms of active Factor X (Xa). Both have the ability to convert prothrombin to thrombin. Measurements at different stages during the activation of human Factor X demonstrated that the first Xa formed is eluted from DEAE-cellulose at relatively high ionic strength. Its enzymic activity is greatly enhanced by Factor V in the presence of calcium and phospholipid. Upon further incubation, this material is converted to a second form of Xa which is eluted at lower ionic strength and which shows little acceleration of prothrombin conversion in the presence of calcium, phospholipid, and Factor V.
Retinal laser lenses: magnification, spot size, and field of view. (1990)

Proper use of ophthalmoscopic contact lenses for retinal photocoagulation requires knowledge of their comparative magnification, spot size, and field of view. We determined these parameters for four commonly used lenses, using data measured from optical components of the lenses and a commonly used photo-coagulator slit-lamp and spot size changer. A Krieger lens has 8% more working field of view and 29% less magnification than a Goldmann lens. A Panfundoscope lens has 84% more working field of view and 24% less magnification than a Goldmann lens. A Mainster lens has 58% more working field of view and 3% more magnification than a Goldmann lens. For Goldmann, Krieger, Panfundoscope, and Mainster lenses, respectively, retinal spot size is 8%, 53%, 41%, and 5% greater than photo-coagulator spot size settings. The field of view of each lens is increased in myopic and decreased in hyperopic patients. Anterior segment irradiance is higher than retinal irradiance for 1000 microns spot size settings with a Panfundoscope or Mainster lens, and this setting should be avoided, especially in patients with hazy ocular media.
The Galileo System Architecture at the End of the Design Phase (2003)

Galileo is a European initiative to build a state-of-the-art Global Navigation Satellite System to offer high quality satellite positioning services with adequate guarantees and high availability. Galileo will provide worldwide satellite navigation and timing services to mass-market, professional, safety-of-life, and security-related users. Galileo will be inter-operable with other systems, such as GPS, and it is open to international cooperation with navigation, timing, geodetic, and Search and Rescue communities. The system architecture design drivers include the following issues: • independence from other navigation systems • inter-operability with other systems, such as GPS • navigation services (positioning) and timing services (distribution of UTC / TAI) within global earth coverage and space coverage (i.e. with provision of services also to LEO, MEO and HEO satellites) • integrity-of-navigation services • independence of external regional integrity systems on Galileo • support of Search & Rescue (SAR) services through relaying of user distress message and user return-link messages generated by rescue coordination organizations • support of international timing and geodetic communities • broadcasting of commercial communication services via the Galileo satellites The system architecture includes a user segment, a space segment, and a ground segment made of a system control and a mission control part (Ground Control Segment -GCS, and Ground Mission Segment - GMS). In addition, to verify the achieved deployed performance a Test User Segment will be developed and used to validate the service guarantees. The GCS controls all of the space assets and ground facilities needed to the purpose (Telemetry, Tracking, and Control stations - TTCs, Satellite Control Facilities - SCF, etc.). The GMS generates and uplinks all the data to be broadcast to the users, and controls all the related facilities (Galileo Sensor Stations - GSSs, Orbit & Synchronization Processing Facilities - OSPFs, Integrity Processing Facilites - IPFs, Up-Link Stations - ULSs, etc.). The space segment embarks a payload to broadcast the navigation and integrity information, and a dedicated payload to relay the Search and Rescue user distress messages. The broadcast information (navigation, integrity, search and rescue, and commercial comms) is accommodated on four services: Open Service (OS), Commercial Service (CS), Safety-of-Life (SoL) Service, and Public-Regulated Service (PRS). This paper presents the Galileo architecture at the end of the Definition / B2 programs, carried out by Galileo Industries under contract of the ESA Galileo Project Office. The paper contents reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the companies and organizations involved.
THE EDUCATED HAND (2012)

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Comparison of Glyphosate Salts (Isopropylamine, Diammonium, and Potassium) and Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations on the Control of Various Weeds (2006)

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted near Knoxville, TN, during 2002 and 2003 to investigate the effects of calcium and magnesium ions on the performance of three glyphosate formulations with and without diammonium sulfate (AMS). Weed species investigated in the greenhouse were broadleaf signalgrass, pitted morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and yellow nutsedge. Three glyphosate formulations (isopropylamine salt, diammonium salt, and potassium salt) and two glyphosate application rates (0.42 and 0.84 kg ae/ha) were applied to weeds in water fortified with either calcium or magnesium at concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 ppm. In all comparisons, there were no differences in the three glyphosate formulations. Glyphosate activity was reduced only when cation concentration was >250 ppm, and this antagonism was not observed when 2% w/ w AMS was added to the spray solution. A chemical analysis of the calcium and magnesium concentrations in water collected from farmers indicated that water samples from eight different producers contained relatively low amounts of cations, with calcium at <40 ppm and magnesium at <8 ppm. In the field results using these and other waters as the herbicide carrier, broadleaf signalgrass control was greater with the 0.84 kg ae/ha than 0.42 kg ae/ha glyphosate rate regardless of water source or addition of AMS. Pitted morningglory responded similarly to glyphosate with water from all farms and with AMS added, and the addition of AMS gave similar results for both glyphosate rates. In 2003, common cocklebur was evaluated and control was >93% regardless of glyphosate rate, water source, or AMS addition. Based on these results, the addition of AMS-based adjuvants to many glyphosate applications may not be warranted.
Allopregnanolone Analogs That Positively Modulate GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptors Protect against Partial Seizures Induced by 6‐Hz Electrical Stimulation in Mice (2004)

Neuroactive steroids have comparable potencies in the 6-Hz and PTZ models. Their structural specificity in both models corresponds with their activities as positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors, although ganaxolone is more potent than expected, probably because it has greater bioavailability. The 6-Hz model may be a valuable tool in drug development for the identification of GABAergic AEDs.