gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low threshold current density (760 A/cm <sup>2</sup> ) and high power (45 mW) operation of strained Ga <sub>0.42</sub> In <sub>0.58</sub> P multiquantum well laser diodes emitting at 632 nm (1992)

A record low threshold current density of 760 A/cm2 has been obtained for a compressively strained multiquantum well laser emitting at 632 nm. Narrow stripe gain guided lasers show a maximum continuous output power of 45 mW with normally passivated mirrors. Stable laser operation over more than 3000 h at 40°C and 2 mW output power is reported for the first time.
Modified booth modulo 2/sup n/ - 1 multipliers (2004)

2/sup n/-1 is one of the most commonly used moduli in residue number systems. In this paper, we propose a new method for designing modified Booth modulo 2/sup n/-1 multipliers, which, for even values of n, require one less partial product than the already known. CMOS implementations reveal that the proposed multipliers compared to earlier solutions offer savings up to 28.7 percent and up to 29.3 percent in the implementation area and execution delay, respectively.
Control strategy for multi-module parallel converter system (2002)

A systematic control-loop design procedure for a multimodule converter system for high-current, low-voltage applications is presented. A small-signal model of the system is derived using the PWM (pulse width modulation) switch model and the small-signal model of the current mode control. The small-signal model for the multimodule converter system is simplified to a equivalent single-module model. The control-loop design is implemented using the single-module model. A three-loop control strategy for the multimodule converter system with a secondary output filter is developed. Significant improvements of small-signal performance and module-failure response are achieved using additional feedback from the intermediate filter stage. The small-signal analysis of the three-loop controlled converter is performed, focusing on the effects of the local voltage feedback on the closed-loop performance of the system. It is shown that local voltage feedback minimizes any detrimental effect of the resonance between the power stage filter of each converter module and the common output filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human walking model predicts joint mechanics, electromyography and mechanical economy (2009)

In this paper, we present an under-actuated model of human walking, comprising only a soleus muscle and flexion/extension monoarticular hip muscles. The remaining muscle groups of the human leg are modeled using quasi-passive, series-elastic clutch elements. We hypothesize that series-elastic clutch units spanning the knee joint in a musculoskeletal arrangement can capture the dominant mechanical behaviors of the human knee in level-ground walking. As an evaluation of the musculoskeletal model, we vary model parameters, or spring constants, and muscle control parameters using an optimization scheme that maximizes walking distance and minimizes the mechanical economy of walking. We used a positive force feedback reflex control for the model's soleus muscle, and upper body position control for the hip muscles. The model's clutches were engaged/disengaged using simple state machine controllers. For model evaluation, a forward dynamics simulation was conducted, and the resulting mechanics were compared to human walking data. The model makes qualitative predictions of joint mechanics, electromyography and mechanical economy.
Negative Ionization Micro Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Oligonucleotides and their Complexes (1996)

The utility of negative ionization micro electrospray (microspray) mass spectrometry is demonstrated for detection of oligonucleotides and their non-covalent complexes. A simple microspray ionization source is fabricated from an outer stainless-steel needle and an inner fused-silica capillary. Under these conditions, the liquid flow rate can be reduced 15-fold from 7.5 microL/min to 0.5 microL/min. Studies of a 14-mer DNA oligonucleotide show no change in the charge-state distribution and quantity of adducted salt ions during the microspray process compared to pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry. The microspray ion source is less sensitive to the presence of solution buffers, and an 11-fold increase in integrated ion abundance from oligonucleotide analyte is observed with a 10 mM concentration of ammonium acetate, compared to pneumatically assisted nebulization (PAN). A > 100-fold increase in the duplex:single strand ratio for a 14-mer oligodeoxynucleotide and its complementary strand is observed using the microspray ion source relative to experiments performed with PAN. Studies of duplexes between DNA and a peptide nucleic acid suggest that this effect may be related to the degree of adduction of counterions to the DNA during ionization.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE E.C.H.R. 1 (1986)

Applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights to access to the civil service — applicability of the Convention to civil servants — opinions and attitude taken into account in judging qualifications for appointment to a post in the civil service. HEADNOTES Facts In May 1974 Julia Glasenapp applied to the School Board of Munster, North Rhine-Westphalia, for appointment as a teacher with the status of probationary civil servant. As part of her application, she confirmed her allegiance to the free democratic basic order within the meaning of the Basic Law and her preparedness at all times
Genome-edited human stem cell-derived beta cells: a powerful tool for drilling down on type 2 diabetes GWAS biology (2016)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of pandemic proportions, one defined by a complex aetiological mix of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors. Whilst the last decade of T2D genetic research has identified more than 100 loci showing strong statistical association with disease susceptibility, our inability to capitalise upon these signals reflects, in part, a lack of appropriate human cell models for study. This review discusses the impact of two complementary, state-of-the-art technologies on T2D genetic research: the generation of stem cell-derived, endocrine pancreas-lineage cells and the editing of their genomes. Such models facilitate investigation of diabetes-associated genomic perturbations in a physiologically representative cell context and allow the role of both developmental and adult islet dysfunction in T2D pathogenesis to be investigated. Accordingly, we interrogate the role that patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell models are playing in understanding cellular dysfunction in monogenic diabetes, and how site-specific nucleases such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system are helping to confirm genes crucial to human endocrine pancreas development. We also highlight the novel biology gleaned in the absence of patient lines, including an ability to model the whole phenotypic spectrum of diabetes phenotypes occurring both in utero and in adult cells, interrogating the non-coding 'islet regulome' for disease-causing perturbations, and understanding the role of other islet cell types in aberrant glycaemia. This article aims to reinforce the importance of investigating T2D signals in cell models reflecting appropriate species, genomic context, developmental time point, and tissue type.
Metabolomic does not predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure (2014)

It is possible to identify a metabolomic fingerprint characterizing heart failure patients candidate to CRT, it is independent of the different causes of the disease and it is not predictive of the response to CRT.
Endothelial cell-expressed Tim-3 facilitates metastasis of melanoma cells by activating the NF-κB pathway (2010)

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) is originally recognized as a receptor of Th1 cells. We found that Tim-3 could be expressed in endothelial cells after stimulation with tumor cell-released TLR4 ligand. Tim-3 expressed by endothelial cells does not function as the receptor of galectin-9, but mediates the interaction of endothelial cells with tumor cells. The engagement of endothelial cell-expressed Tim-3 with a non-galectin 9 putative receptor on B16 melanoma cells could trigger the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in B16 cells. The activated NF-kappaB not only promoted the proliferation of B16 cells, but also enhanced apoptosis resistance of B16 cells by up-regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and down-regulating Bax. Consistently, Tim-3 facilitated the survival of B16 cells in the blood stream, arrested in the lung and following invasion, resulted in more metastatic nodules in the lung. These findings suggest that endothelial cell-expressed Tim-3 increases tumor cell metastatic potential by facilitating tumor cell intravasation, survival in blood stream and extravasation. Thus, anti-inflammation or blockade of Tim-3 may contribute to the prevention of metastasis.
On the influence of short and medium range order on the material band gap in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (2004)

We examine different types of order measured in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and their effect on the optical absorption (band gap). We first review previous experimental work determining order on a short-range scale as probed by Raman spectroscopy, and provide, using molecular dynamics simulations, a theoretical explanation for why the band gap increases when this type of ordering is improved. We then present results on a-Si:H films deposited by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma enhanced CVD where the short-range order, from Raman spectroscopy, does not change, but order on a larger or medium-range scale does. This order is determined by measuring the width of the first x-ray diffraction peak, and was varied by depositing films at different substrate temperatures and∕or different hydrogen dilutions. We find that the film band gap also increases when this type of ordering improves, and we provide a possible mechanism to explain these trends. We also suggest that much of the previous literature showing an increase in band gap with increasing film hydrogen content should be treated with caution, as these works may not have accurately deconvoluted the effects of optical adsorption due to film hydrogenation from those due to both types of lattice ordering. Finally, we argue that this same trend may apply, to a limited extent, to microcrystalline silicon.
Full deghosting of OBC data with over/under source acquisition (2007)

The resolution of marine seismic data is affected by ghost and reverberations occurring in the water layer. A benefit of acquiring ocean‐bottom cable data or node data is that the receiver‐side ghosts and reverberations can be attenuated by combining pressure data, recorded with hydrophones, with velocity data, recorded with vertical geophones. Resolution of seismic data is also affected by the source ghosts. Acquisition of seismic data with over/under sources allows attenuating the source ghost and in this way to completely deghosting the ocean‐bottom recorded data. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment where a 2D oceanbottom cable line was recorded with over/under sources.
Two-modality laser diode interferometer for high-accuracy measurement of long-range absolute distance (2010)

This paper presents a two-modality laser diode (LD) interferometer which combine as two-wavelength sinusoidal phase modulating (SPM) interferometer with a wavelength scanning interferometer (WSI) for measurement of distance over long range with high accuracy. Moreover, the intensity modulation due to power changes of LD is suppressed by appropriately choosing the modulation amplitude of injection current (IC) of LD. Triangle wave is used to modulate the IC of one LD with that of the other LD being constant at first. Thus the interferometer works as a wavelength scanning interferometer. An initial estimate of the distance can be obtained from the phase change of the interference signal. Then sinusoidal wave is used for modulating IC of both LDs to realize a two-wavelength SPM interferometer. However, the modulation of the IC of two LDs results in not only the wavelength modulation but also the intensity modulation. This intensity modulation will cause a measured phase error. To eliminate this error, SPM depths are appropriately chosen, therefore the distance to be measured can be accurately obtained with synthetic-wavelength algorithm. Experimental results indicate that an absolute distance measurement accuracy of 1μm can be achieved over the range of 40mm to 100mm.
Bimetallic Catalysts for the Efficient Growth of SWNTs on Surfaces (2004)

Bimetallic catalysts such as Fe/Ru and Fe/Pt in the size range of 0.5−3 nm are currently being considered for the efficient growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on flat surfaces. It has been shown possible, by using chemical reduction under microwave irradiation and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a protective agent, to produce uniform Fe/Ru and Fe/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of Fe and Ru or Fe and Pt, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that they were highly crystalline. The nanoparticles were subsequently used as catalysts for the surface growth of SWNTs by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). When compared with single-component catalysts such as Fe, Ru, and Pt of similar size, bimetallic catalysts Fe/Ru and Fe/Pt produced at least 200% more SWNTs, as measured by atomic force microcopy (AFM). Possible reasons for the high efficiency of bimetallic catalysts are discussed in this study.
<b>A transgene with repeated DNA causes high frequency, post‐transcriptional suppression of ACC‐oxidase gene expression in tomato</b> (1998)

Gene silencing with sense genes is an important method for down-regulating the expression of endogenous plant genes, but the frequency of silencing is unpredictable. Fifteen per cent of tomato plants transformed with a 35S-ACC-oxidase ( ACO 1) sense gene had reduced ACC-oxidase activity. However, 96% of plants transformed with an ACC-oxidase sense gene, containing two additional upstream inverted copies of its 5' untranslated region, exhibited reduced ACC-oxidase activity compared to wild-type plants. In the three plants chosen for analysis, there were substantially reduced amounts of both endogenous and transgenic ACO RNA, indicating that this was an example of co-suppression. Ribonuclease protection assays using probes spanning intron-exon borders showed that the reduced accumulation of endogenous ACO mRNA occurred post-transcriptionally since the abundance of unprocessed transcripts was not affected. The ACO1 transgene with the repeated 5'UTR also strongly inhibited the accumulation of RNA from the related ACO 2 gene in flowers, although there is little homology between the 5'UTRs of ACO 1 and ACO 2. These results indicate that although repeated DNA in a transgene greatly enhances the probability of gene silencing of an endogenous gene, it also involves generation of a trans -acting silencing signal produced, at least partly, from sequences external to the repeat.
CB1R antagonist increases hepatic insulin clearance in fat-fed dogs likely via upregulation of liver adiponectin receptors (2015)

The improvement of hepatic insulin sensitivity by the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist rimonabant (RIM) has been recently been reported to be due to upregulation of adiponectin. Several studies demonstrated that improvement in insulin clearance accompanies the enhancement of hepatic insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of RIM on hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism(s) by which RIM affects HIC, specifically to determine whether upregulation of liver adiponectin receptors (ADRs) and other key genes regulated by adiponectin mediate the effects. To induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver, dogs were fed a hypercaloric high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 wk. Thereafter, while still maintained on a HFD, animals received RIM (HFD+RIM; n = 11) or placebo (HFD+PL; n = 9) for an additional 16 wk. HIC, calculated as the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), was estimated from the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. The HFD+PL group showed a decrease in MCR; in contrast, the HFD+RIM group increased MCR. Consistently, the expression of genes involved in HIC, CEACAM-1 and IDE, as well as gene expression of liver ADRs, were increased in the HFD+RIM group, but not in the HFD+PL group. We also found a positive correlation between CEACAM-1 and the insulin-degrading enzyme IDE with ADRs. Interestingly, expression of liver genes regulated by adiponectin and involved in lipid oxidation were increased in the HFD+RIM group. We conclude that in fat-fed dogs RIM enhances HIC, which appears to be linked to an upregulation of the adiponectin pathway.
Targeted gene therapy and cell reprogramming in <scp>F</scp> anconi anemia (2014)

Gene targeting is progressively becoming a realistic therapeutic alternative in clinics. It is unknown, however, whether this technology will be suitable for the treatment of DNA repair deficiency syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA), with defects in homology-directed DNA repair. In this study, we used zinc finger nucleases and integrase-defective lentiviral vectors to demonstrate for the first time that FANCA can be efficiently and specifically targeted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in fibroblasts from FA-A patients. Strikingly, up to 40% of FA fibroblasts showed gene targeting 42 days after gene editing. Given the low number of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow of FA patients, gene-edited FA fibroblasts were then reprogrammed and re-differentiated toward the hematopoietic lineage. Analyses of gene-edited FA-iPSCs confirmed the specific integration of FANCA in the AAVS1 locus in all tested clones. Moreover, the hematopoietic differentiation of these iPSCs efficiently generated disease-free hematopoietic progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of correcting the phenotype of a DNA repair deficiency syndrome using gene-targeting and cell reprogramming strategies.
Variability of Potassium Channel Blockers in Mesobuthus eupeus Scorpion Venom with Focus on Kv1.1 (2015)

The lesser Asian scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus (Buthidae) is one of the most widely spread and dispersed species of the Mesobuthus genus, and its venom is actively studied. Nevertheless, a considerable amount of active compounds is still under-investigated due to the high complexity of this venom. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of putative potassium channel toxins (KTxs) from the cDNA library of M. eupeus venom glands, and we compare the deduced KTx structures with peptides purified from the venom. For the transcriptome analysis, we used conventional tools as well as a search for structural motifs characteristic of scorpion venom components in the form of regular expressions. We found 59 candidate KTxs distributed in 30 subfamilies and presenting the cysteine-stabilized α/β and inhibitor cystine knot types of fold. M. eupeus venom was then separated to individual components by multistage chromatography. A facile fluorescent system based on the expression of the KcsA-Kv1.1 hybrid channels in Escherichia coli and utilization of a labeled scorpion toxin was elaborated and applied to follow Kv1.1 pore binding activity during venom separation. As a result, eight high affinity Kv1.1 channel blockers were identified, including five novel peptides, which extend the panel of potential pharmacologically important Kv1 ligands. Activity of the new peptides against rat Kv1.1 channel was confirmed (IC50 in the range of 1-780 nm) by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique using a standard Xenopus oocyte system. Our integrated approach is of general utility and efficiency to mine natural venoms for KTxs.
Aurora C is directly associated with Survivin and required for cytokinesis (2005)

Much recent attention has been focused on Aurora C, the third member of the mammalian Aurora kinases family that plays significant roles in mitosis. We report here that using sensitive RT-PCR to amplify the C-terminal, we found that Aurora C is not only expressed highly in testis, but also among 16 other human tissues in a broad-spectrum way. Aurora C, as a chromosomal passenger protein, is co-localized with Aurora B and Survivin in mitotic cells. Aurora C can also be associated with Aurora B and Survivin in vivo and directly binds to Survivin but not Aurora B in vitro. Over-expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of Aurora C impaired the localization of Aurora C to the spindle midzone and severely disturbed the cytokinesis, resulting in multinucleation, all of which are consistent with the results induced by the mutant of Aurora B. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Aurora C could rescue the multinucleate phenotype produced by Aurora B mutant, and vice versa. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Aurora C, a member of the chromosomal passenger complex, is required for cytokinesis.
Rotary Liner Drilling for Depleted Reservoirs (1998)

Abstract This report summarizes the testing and field application of a rotary liner drilling system. Liner drilling was first attempted by Amoco Norway Oil Company (ANOC) in 1993 and there have since been eight additional wells drilled using rotary, motor, and a combination rotary/motor liner drilling system. This paper will focus on six of those wells drilled with a rotary liner drilling system. Key learnings from these well applications in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea are reviewed. P. 879
Filtration Improves the Performance of a High-Throughput Screen for Anti-Mycobacterial Compounds (2014)

The tendency for mycobacteria to aggregate poses a challenge for their use in microplate based assays. Good dispersions have been difficult to achieve in high-throughput screening (HTS) assays used in the search for novel antibacterial drugs to treat tuberculosis and other related diseases. Here we describe a method using filtration to overcome the problem of variability resulting from aggregation of mycobacteria. This method consistently yielded higher reproducibility and lower variability than conventional methods, such as settling under gravity and vortexing.
Generation of correlated photons in controlled spatial modes by downconversion in nonlinear waveguides (2001)

We report the observation of correlated photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion of a 400-nm pump pulse in a quasi-phase-matched KTiOPO(4) nonlinear waveguide. The highest ratio of coincidence to single-photon count rates observed near 800 nm exceeds 18%. This suggests that nonlinear waveguides will be a promising source of correlated photons for metrology and quantum information processing applications. We also discuss possibilities of controlling the spatial characteristics of the downconverted photons produced in multimode waveguide structures.