gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unmanned aerial vehicle smart device ground control station cyber security threat model (2013)

The Department of the Defense has transitioned smart devices into the battlefield as a portable hand-held unmanned aerial vehicle ground control station without adequate cyber security protections, putting critical mission data at risk to cyber security attacks. Industry has developed software apps for smart phones and tablets that allows soldiers to not only pilot unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) but to share and receive intelligence and reconnaissance videos and images remotely from the ground control station (GCS) or directly from the UAV. The Department of Defense has not developed a secure communication network that will support a large quantity of smart devices, nor certification, standards or policies for operation of secure smart devices. Therefore, mission critical information will be shared through unsecured, mobile and wireless networks and through unclassified, unsecure smart technology that are vulnerable to cyber security risks. Lack of security of the mobile and wireless networks and smart devices could result in the unintentional sharing of data as well as loss of control of the UAV to enemies. The Department of Defense has failed to develop a threat model and risk assessment to identify the cyber security threats and ensure the proper security countermeasures are in place. This paper will analyze the cyber security vulnerabilities within the communication links, smart devices hardware, specifically smart phones and tablets, and software applications to develop a risk model of the threat profile of the GCS networking hub. This model will help designers and users of the military and civilian UAV communities to understand the threat profile of the GCS networking hub to develop a secure communication network based upon the vulnerabilities identified for smart phones and tablets.
A low-cost test platform to estimate the LTE timing advance procedure (2016)

The LTE Base Station (BS) testing process requires a large amount of investment, time and skilled resources. One important feature of LTE BS physical layer is the timing advance (TA) procedure, which is responsible for aligning the signal received from multiple User Equipment (UEs) at different cell distances. The BS informs the UE of the correct time to send the uplink frame in order to synchronize all UE frames and mitigate the interference between the terminals. Some vendors provide test platforms to emulate multiple UEs combined in a single box test system. These platforms are very sophisticated and allow the emulation of more than 500 UEs connected simultaneously, with different channels and at different distance conditions, handover, etc. Related costs can easily reach some hundreds of thousands of dollars, which are usually outside the project's budget. Besides, some features, including timing advance procedures cannot be obtained separately. Therefore, in order to test the LTE timing advance procedure with an affordable investment of less than five thousand dollars, a creative test environment was built with fiber optics and electrical/optical transceivers to emulate geographic distances inserting a delay on the RF uplink signal. This work describes the low-cost test environment and presents some lab results compared with field tests.
Pathophysiology and Toxicokinetic Studies of Blue-Green Algae Intoxication in the Swine Model (1989)

An attempt by New England Nuclear to produce radiolabelled MCLR involved synthetic labelling using tritiated water and Rh/Al2O3. Chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed radiolabel incorporation into both the toxin and contaminants. The nonspecifically tritiated toxin had a specific activity of 05 uCi/mg. Subsequently, a method recommended by our laboratory utilizing tritiated water with pyridine was performed by New England Nuclear; however, decomposition of the toxin occurred under the conditions used. MCLR was highly bound when added to 'super-activated' charcoal at 1:100. When given to rats via an ileal loop shortly after toxin administration, 'superchar' settled out, but was partially effective in limiting MCLR absorption (as indicated by increases in liver weight). Keywords: Blue-green algae, Phycotoxin, Microcystin, Cyanoginosin anatoxin-a(s), Pathophysiology, Radiolabelled toxin, Analysis, RA 1, Anatoxin-a.
Sparse kernel approximations for efficient classification and detection (2012)

Efficient learning with non-linear kernels is often based on extracting features from the data that “linearise” the kernel. While most constructions aim at obtaining low-dimensional and dense features, in this work we explore high-dimensional and sparse ones. We give a method to compute sparse features for arbitrary kernels, re-deriving as a special case a popular map for the intersection kernel and extending it to arbitrary additive kernels. We show that bundle optimisation methods can handle efficiently these sparse features in learning. As an application, we show that product quantisation can be interpreted as a sparse feature encoding, and use this to significantly accelerate learning with this technique. We demonstrate these ideas on image classification with Fisher kernels and object detection with deformable part models on the challenging PASCAL VOC data, obtaining five to ten-fold speed-ups as well as reducing memory use by an order of magnitude.
The Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 gene is induced by 1 ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 associated to the differentiation of human colon cancer cells (2007)

The Wnt-beta-catenin pathway is aberrantly activated in most colon cancers. DICKKOPF-1 (DKK-1) gene encodes an extracellular Wnt inhibitor that blocks the formation of signalling receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. We report that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the most active vitamin D metabolite, increases the level of DKK-1 RNA and protein in human SW480-ADH colon cancer cells. This effect is dose dependent, slow and depends on the presence of a transcription-competent nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). Accordingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 activates a 2300 bp fragment of the human DKK-1 gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment induced a pattern of histone modifications which is compatible with transcriptionally active chromatin. DKK-1 is expressed at high level in colon cancer cell lines with a differentiated phenotype such as Caco-2 or HT-29. Exogenous expression of E-cadherin into SW480-ADH cells results in a strong adhesive phenotype and a 17-fold increase in DKK-1 RNA. In contrast, an E-cadherin blocking antibody inhibits 1,25(OH)2D3-induced differentiation of SW480-ADH cells and DKK-1 gene expression. Remarkably, in vivo treatment with the vitamin D analogue EB1089 induced DKK-1 protein expression in SW480-ADH cells xenografted in immunodeficient mice, and a correlation was observed in the expression of VDR and DKK-1 RNA in a series of 32 human colorectal tumours. These data indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 activates the transcription of the DKK-1 gene, probably in an indirect way that is associated to the promotion of a differentiated phenotype. DKK-1 gene induction constitutes a novel mechanism of inhibition of Wnt signalling and antitumour action by 1,25(OH)2D3.
A Secure Group Key Management Scheme for Sensor Networks (2008)

Security is an important issue in sensor networks. Many applications in military, distributed information gathering etc., demand for secure group communication (SGC) in sensor networks. The SGC requires common network-wide group key for confidentiality of control messages and data reports. The group key should be updated when a node is compromised. In this paper we propose a new key management scheme for group key computation and distribution which is based on tree structure. The proposed scheme minimizes storage as well as communication and computation cost of end user (i.e., sensor nodes). The complex encryption/decryption operations used to distribute new group key whenever a node is compromised are replaced by one way hash functions and simple XOR operations.
Sodium-coupled Taurocholate Transport in the Proximal Convolution of the Rat Kidney In Vivo and In Vitro (1981)

Using the standing droplet technique in the renal proximal convolution and simultaneous microperfusion of the peritubular capillaries, the zero net flux transtubular concentration difference of taurocholate (DeltaC(TC-)) at 45 s was determined as a measure of active bile acid reabsorption in vivo. Starting with 0.1 mmol/liter taurocholate in both perfusates the control DeltaC(TC-) of 0.042 mmol/liter fell to 0.006 mmol/liter (P < 0.001) when the Na(+) concentration in the perfusates was reduced to zero. Removal of bicarbonate from the perfusates to alter pH had no influence on DeltaC(TC-). When glycocholate was added to the perfusates DeltaC(TC-) was decreased, while probenecid increased DeltaC(TC-). These observations were extended by studies performed with brush border membrane vesicles derived from renal cortex. The initial (20 s) uptake of 0.01 mmol/liter taurocholate in the presence of a Na(o) (+) > Na(i) (+) gradient was stimulated twofold compared with its uptake in the absence of a Na(+) gradient. Uptake of taurocholate was osmotically and temperature sensitive. Membranes preloaded with unlabeled glycocholate showed accelerated entry of labeled taurocholate (trans-stimulation) only in the presence of Na(+). Replacement of Na(+) in the media with K(+), Li(+), and choline(+) decreased initial taurocholate uptake by 49, 53, and 62%, respectively. Stimulation of taurocholate transport by cation gradient diffusion potentials was unlikely inasmuch as the addition of valinomycin under K(+) gradient conditions had no effect. A transmembrane pH gradient (pH(o) < pH(i)) did not influence initial uptake of taurocholate. Finally, in the presence of Na(+) taurocholate transport showed cis-inhibition with unlabeled bile acids and saturation kinetics with respect to increasing taurocholate concentrations. The micropuncture and vesicle data indicate that the net transport of taurocholate in the proximal tubule is the result of an electroneutral Na(+)-taurocholate cotransport across the brush border membrane.
Red Hair Benzothiazines and Benzothiazoles: Mutation-Inspired Chemistry in the Quest for Functionality (2012)

Nature provides a primary source of leads for the design of π-conjugated organic chromophores and other functional molecular systems useful for molecular recognition, light harvesting, photoconversion, and other technological applications. In this Account, we draw attention to a unique group of naturally occurring heterocyclic compounds, the 2H-1,4-benzothiazines and related benzothiazole derivatives. Derived from tyrosine and cysteine, these molecules arise from a mutation-induced deviation of the melanin pathway to provide the core structure of the red human hair pigments pheomelanins. Since the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of pheomelanins in the 1960s, researchers have focused on 1,4-benzothiazines and red hair pigments. Not only do these molecules have interesting photochemical and molecular recognition properties, they also have compelling biomedical significance. Numerous studies have linked higher levels of pheomelanins and mutations in the pathways that produce these pigments in individuals with red hair and fair skin with an increased sensitivity to UV light and a higher susceptibility to melanoma and other skin cancers.Prompted by new data about the structure and photochemistry of the bibenzothiazine system, this Account highlights the chemistry of benzothiazines in red-haired individuals as a novel source of inspiration in the quest for innovative scaffolds and biomimetic functional systems. Model studies have gradually shed light on a number of remarkable physical and chemical properties of benzothiazine-based systems. Bibenzothiazine is a robust visible chromophore that combines photochromism and acidichromism. Benzothiazine-based polymers (synthetic pheomelanins) show remarkable photochemical, paramagnetic, and redox cycling properties. Biomimetic or synthetic manipulations of the benzothiazine systems, through decarboxylation pathways controlled by metal ions or unusually facile ring-contraction processes, can produce a diverse set of molecular scaffolds.
A new clutter rejection algorithm for doppler ultrasound (2003)

Several strategies, known as clutter or wall Doppler filtering, were proposed to remove the strong echoes produced by stationary or slow moving tissue structures from the Doppler blood flow signal. In this study, the matching pursuit (MP) method is proposed to remove clutter components. The MP method decomposes the Doppler signal into wavelet atoms that are selected in a decreasing energy order. Thus, the high-energy clutter components are extracted first. In the present study, the pulsatile Doppler signal s(n) was simulated by a sum of random-phase sinusoids. Two types of high-amplitude clutter signals were then superimposed on s(n): time-varying low-frequency components, covering systole and early diastole, and short transient clutter signals, distributed within the whole cardiac cycle. The Doppler signals were modeled with the MP method and the most dominant atoms were subtracted from the time-domain signal s(n) until the signal-to-clutter (S/C) ratio reached a maximum. For the low-frequency clutter signal, the improvement in S/C ratio was 19.0 +/- 0.6 dB, and 72.0 +/- 4.5 atoms were required to reach this performance. For the transient clutter signal, ten atoms were required and the maximum improvement in S/C ratio was 5.5 +/- 0.5 dB. The performance of the MP method was also tested on real data recorded over the common carotid artery of a normal subject. Removing 15 atoms significantly improved the appearance of the Doppler sonogram contaminated with low-frequency clutter. Many more atoms (over 200) were required to remove transient clutter components. These results suggest the possibility of using this signal processing approach to implement clutter rejection filters on ultrasound commercial instruments.
Role of platelet membrane in enhancement of tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cell extracellular matrix. (1987)

Tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix in the presence of platelets and plasma has been examined in vitro using an entirely homologous system of rat Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells, matrix laid down by rat aortic endothelial cells and rat platelets and plasma. In the presence of platelets or platelets plus plasma, tumor cell adhesion was significantly enhanced when compared to adhesion in the absence of platelets. In the presence of plasma alone (0.1%), we observed no significant increase in tumor cell adhesion. In order to determine which platelet factors contribute to the enhancement of tumor cell adhesion by platelets, we subjected washed rat platelets to mechanical lysis or thrombin stimulation followed by centrifugation. The membrane fractions and supernatant fractions containing platelet attachment proteins were compared for their abilities to support tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix. Platelet membranes were also recombined with platelet supernatant fractions to determine if platelet attachment proteins or platelet membranes required the presence of the other to enhance tumor cell adhesion. Platelet supernatant fractions which contained release reaction proteins (confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) did not enhance tumor cell adhesion. Purified thrombospondin, fibronectin, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet derived growth factor, and serotonin had no effect on tumor cell adhesion. Platelet membrane containing fractions affected tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix as follows: (a) platelets formed an adhesive bridge between tumor cells and the subendothelial matrix as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy; (b) intact platelets and thrombin stimulated platelets were the most effective at facilitating tumor cell adhesion; (c) preparations containing partially lysed platelet ghosts were more effective in supporting tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix than were preparations containing completely lysed platelet membrane fragments; (d) recombination of platelet supernatant fractions with mechanically lysed platelets did not enhance their ability to support adhesion; (e) fixed platelets, either alone or in combination with platelet supernatant fractions, failed to enhance adhesion. These data indicate that platelet enhanced tumor cell adhesion appears to be dependent on platelet membrane factors including receptor mobility, rather than intraplatelet components.
A BISR (built-in self-repair) circuit for embedded memory with multiple redundancies (2003)

This paper presents an efficient repair algorithm for embedded memory with multiple redundancies and a BISR (built-in self-repair) circuit using the proposed algorithm. While there are many repair algorithms which have good repair capability, their complexity is too high to implement. We present a repair algorithm which has good repair capability with little hardware overhead.
Selective-chemical vapor deposition of tungsten (1972)

In conclusion, we report a case of GA-FG after <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy without long-term proton pump inhibitors use. Further analysis of similar cases will reveal the clinical behavior of GA-FG.
A statistical overview on univariate calibration, inverse regression, and detection limits: Application to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique (2006)

The paper summarizes critically the current approaches for the calculation of the limits of detection and quantification. In the context of the description of the method based on the calibration line, the arguments concerning the underlying experimental design, the choice of the appropriate model in the univariate regression, the effects of the dispersion characteristics of the data are deeply discussed. The effects of the scedasticity of the experimental data are taken into account in the obtainment of the calibration curve and in its utilization. To gain transparency, adaptability, and tutorial effectiveness the explicit formulas relevant to the use of straight line and quadratic models are reported. An application of the described procedures to GC-MS data is reported as an illustrative example.
Development of a Sensitive Assay to Screen Nanoparticles in Vitro for Complement Activation (2020)

Nanomedicines are often recognized by the innate immune system as a threat, leading to unwanted clearance due to complement activation. This adverse reaction not only alters the bioavailability of the therapeutic but can also cause cardiopulmonary complications and death in a portion of the population. There is a need for tools for assessing complement response in the early stage of development of nanomedicines. Currently, quantifying complement-mediated response in vitro is limited because of the differences between in vitro and in vivo responses for the same precursors, differences in the complement systems in different species, and lack of highly sensitive tools for quantifying the changes. Hence, we have worked on developing complement assay conditions and sample preparation techniques that can be highly sensitive in assessing the complement-mediated response in vitro mimicking the in vivo activity. We are screening the impact of incubation time, nanoparticle dosage, anticoagulants, and species of the donor in both blood and blood components. We have validated the optimal assay conditions by replicating the impact of zeta potential seen in vivo on complement activation in vitro. As observed in our previous in vivo studies, where nanoparticles with neutral zeta potential were able to suppress the complement response, the change in the complement biomarker was least for the neutral nanoparticles as well through our developed guidelines. These assay conditions provide a vital tool for assessing the safety of intravenously administered nanomedicines.
Thin clients (2006)

Have you noticed that every major vendor has a thin client solution? What does this mean for technology support experts and are we ready for the consequences? The College of Engineering at Colorado State University (CSU) has implemented a very successful thin client solution. Thin clients have their down sides (they will be covered) and challenges (also covered), but we love the benefits (emphasized herein).
The Case For National Health Data Standards (1997)

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) contains groundbreaking provisions to encourage the development of a national health information system through the establishment of standards. This paper compares statewide inpatient data systems to one standard--the Uniform Bill (UB)--to understand how standards have been used and how they can be improved. We recommend changes to the UB, note the need for better compliance, and suggest new standards for common, derived elements.
Histopathology of the Intervertebral Disc of Progressive Ankylosis Mice (1988)

The intervertebral disks of progressive ankylosis mice were examined at successive periods in order to describe the pathologic lesions involved and to explore possible relationships with any known human disorder. The techniques employed in this study showed the presence of necrotic foci of calcification that ultimately obliterated the anulus fibrosus. Following the appearance of these lesions, peripheral proliferation of hyaline cartilage appeared that eventually bridged adjacent vertebral bodies, calcified, and was replaced with bone. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the progressive ankylosis mouse has a disorder affecting mineralization. Although it does not exactly resemble any known human disorder, it should be an important model for studying both crystal deposition and abnormal mineralization of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage since many vertebral ankylosis disorders, as well as the normal aging process, involve increased mineralization.
Transcytosis-associated protein (TAP)/p115 is a general fusion factor required for binding of vesicles to acceptor membranes. (1995)

Transcytosis-associated protein (TAP) is found on transytotic vesicles (TCVs) and is required for their fusion with the target membrane. We developed a cell-free assay capable of differentiating targeting/binding of TCVs to membrane from later fusion events. We found that TAP mediates stable association of TCVs with the target membrane. The sequence of rat liver TAP (959-amino acid open reading frame) encodes a protein that contains (i) an N-terminal region (amino acids 1-649), (ii) an internal region with several coiled-coil stretches (amino acids 650-930), and (iii) a C-terminal acidic region (amino acids 931-959). Comparisons between TAP and other sequences indicate that TAP is identical to p115, a protein involved in cis to medial Golgi transport, and homologous to Uso1p, a yeast protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. Our findings suggest that TAP/p115/Usop1 is a general factor acting within the secretory and endocytic pathways to bind transport vesicles prior to membrane fusion.