gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Semantic Support Provisioning in Mobile Internet Environments (2006)

The Mobile Internet scenario encourages the design and development of context-aware applications that provide results depending on context information, such as the relative position of users, user preferences, device capabilities and available resources. A key requirement for the provisioning of context-aware applications is to give computer systems the ability to understand context information. Semantic languages are well suited to leverage the possibility to express, process and reason about context information and to facilitate knowledge sharing and interoperability among previously unknown entities accessing services from heterogeneous devices. However, the exploitation of semantic languages for the design and deployment of context-aware applications raises new challenges, mainly due to the high degree of heterogeneity that mobile devices exhibit in terms of computing power, memory, operating system, and supported software. Semantic languages require complex and heavyweight support facilities, e.g. metadata interpreters, reasoning engines and ontology repositories, that may not fit the capabilities of all user access devices, especially of the resource-limited ones. Novel solutions are required that are capable of transparently and dynamically adapting semantic support functionalities to the properties of the different user access devices. The paper proposes a novel middleware solution that exploits the visibility of two kinds of metadata, user/device profiles and policies, to tailor semantic support functionalities and that offers a wide set of mechanisms for providing on demand appropriate semantic support to mobile portable devices.
Low-power H.264 video decoder with graceful degradation (2004)

In this paper, we present a novel H.264 video decoder where memory transfers and energy consumption are significantly reduced. A power-friendly solution is indeed required in mobile applications, where autonomy is a key feature. Whereas low-power design is usually regarded as a pure architectural and implementation problem, our solution is based on an algorithmic approach. We first observe that in modern hardware architectures, computational complexity plays a second role in terms of energy dissipation, which is dominated by memory transfers. We thus identify the motion compensation module as the most consuming part of the standard H.264 decoder, due to its numerous memory accesses to the reference frame(s). Through an algorithmic modification that uses concurrent embedded compression techniques and relies on the data structure of the memory, we reduce memory transfers, and hence power dissipation, while maintaining the visual quality. Experimental results prove that the new method is close to the reference H.264 baseline decoder both in terms of objective and subjective measurements. In the meantime, memory transfers have been reduced by 55% in average, implying power savings which lengthen the battery life of the mobile device, increase the reliability of the chip and lower production costs.
High speed optical network for asynchronous multiuseraccess applying periodic spectral coding of broadbandsources (1997)

The authors experimentally demonstrate robust asynchronous optical multiuser access using spectrally encoded broadband sources. In a system experiment, four transmitters operate simultaneously at 155.52 and 77.76 Mbit/s in an optically amplified tree network with standard singlemode fibres. A BER of 10–10 is achieved without an error floor using a tunable balanced receiver. This technique is suitable for application in arbitrary fibre network architectures.
Queueing in high-performance packet switching (1988)

The authors study the performance of four different approaches for providing the queuing necessary to smooth fluctuations in packet arrivals to a high-performance packet switch. They are (1) input queuing, where a separate buffer is provided at each input to the switch; (2) input smoothing, where a frame of b packets is stored at each of the input line to the switch and simultaneously launched into a switch fabric of size Nb*Nb; (3) output queuing, where packets are queued in a separate first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer located at each output of the switch; and (4) completely shared buffering, where all queuing is done at the outputs and all buffers are completely shared among all the output lines. Input queues saturate at an offered load that depends on the service policy and the number of inputs N, but is approximately 0.586 with FIFO buffers when N is large. Output queuing and completely shared buffering both achieve the optimal throughput-delay performance for any packet switch. However, compared to output queuing, completely shared buffering requires less buffer memory at the expense of an increase in switch fabric size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Development of fluorescent fiber optic single-polymer membrane sensors for simultaneous ratiometric detection of oxygen and carbon dioxide in biological systems</title> (1999)

Oxygen- and carbon dioxide-sensitive fluorescent indicators are incorporated into a polymeric membrane for their detection by ratiometric fluorescence measurements. Oxygen is measured by fluorescent quenching of Ruthenium, and Platinum dyes. Carbon dioxide is monitored by tracking the change in the fluorescence emission spectrum of a pH indicator dye as the gas diffuses through the polymer membrane and interacts with the dye. The detection principle is the pH change induced in the membrane due to the influx of carbon dioxide. The indicator dye studied is HPTS. The polymer membranes are made of silicone or polystyrene.
Nrf2 Activation Inhibits Effects of Thrombin in Human Amnion Cells and Thrombin-Induced Preterm Birth in Mice (2016)

Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that modulates cell defense mechanisms against endogenous and exogenous stress. Previously, we reported that thrombin increased matrix metalloproteinases and prostaglandin synthesis in human amnion mesenchymal cells. We sought to determine whether activation of Nrf2 alters the effect of thrombin on prostaglandin synthesis, protease activation, and cytokine release in human amnion. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of Nrf2 activation on thrombin-induced preterm labor in mice. Primary human amnion mesenchymal cells and pregnant mice were employed to investigate the effect of Nrf2 on thrombin-induced inflammation and preterm birth. This was a laboratory-based study using cells and mice. As expected, thrombin increased cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in amnion mesenchymal cells. Preincubation with Nrf2 activators, diethyl maleate or 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), profoundly repressed thrombin-induced gene expression. In addition, Nrf2 activation inhibited thrombin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels and secretion of prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the media. Whereas vehicle and 15d-PGJ2 did not alter gestational length, all pregnant mice treated with thrombin delivered preterm. 15d-PGJ2 delayed thrombin-induced preterm birth significantly. The results indicate that Nrf2 activation represents a key stress response in amnion mesenchyme cells and in pregnant mice to mitigate the adverse proinflammatory effects of thrombin on the fetal membranes. We suggest, therefore, that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 may prevent the increased risk of preterm premature rupture of the membranes associated with thrombin activation that accompanies subchorionic hemorrhage or bleeding during pregnancy.
Globular Head-Displayed Conserved Influenza H1 Hemagglutinin Stalk Epitopes Confer Protection against Heterologous H1N1 Virus (2016)

Significant genetic variability in the head region of the influenza A hemagglutinin, the main target of current vaccines, makes it challenging to develop a long-lived seasonal influenza prophylaxis. Vaccines based on the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain might provide broader cross-reactive immunity. However, this region of the hemagglutinin is immunosubdominant to the head region. Peptide-based vaccines have gained much interest as they allow the immune system to focus on relevant but less immunogenic epitopes. We developed a novel influenza A hemagglutinin-based display platform for H1 hemagglutinin stalk peptides that we identified in an epitope mapping assay using human immune sera and synthetic HA peptides. Flow cytometry and competition assays suggest that the identified stalk sequences do not recapitulate the epitopes of already described broadly neutralizing stalk antibodies. Vaccine constructs displaying 25-mer stalk sequences provided up to 75% protection from lethal heterologous virus challenge in BALB/c mice and induced antibody responses against the H1 hemagglutinin. The developed platform based on a vaccine antigen has the potential to be either used as stand-alone or as prime-vaccine in combination with conventional seasonal or pandemic vaccines for the amplification of stalk-based cross-reactive immunity in humans or as platform to evaluate the relevance of viral peptides/epitopes for protection against influenza virus infection.
Interaction of Various Piper methysticum Cultivars with CNS Receptors in vitro (2001)

Methanolic leaf and root extracts of the Hawaiian kava (Piper methysticum Forst.) cultivars, Mahakea, Nene, Purple Moi and PNG, were tested on binding affinities to CNS receptors including GABAA (GABA and benzodiazepine binding site), dopamine D2, opioid (mu and delta), serotonin (5-HT6 and 5-HT7) and histamine (H1 and H2). HPLC analysis was carried out in order to determine the amount of the main kavalactones kavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, methysticin, 7,8-dihydromethysticin, yangonin and 5,6-demethoxyyangonin. The most potent binding inhibition was observed for leaf extracts to GABAA receptors (GABA binding site) with IC50 values of approximately 3 micrograms/ml, whereas root extracts were less active with IC50 values ranging from 5 micrograms/ml (Nene) to 87 micrograms/ml (Mahakea). Since the leaf extracts generally contained lower amounts of the kavalactones than the root extracts, there might exist additional substances responsible for these activities. Leaf extracts also inhibited binding to dopamine D2, opioid (mu and delta) and histamine (H1 and H2) receptors more potently than the corresponding root extracts with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 100 micrograms/ml vs. > or = 100 micrograms/l, respectively. Significant differences in the potential of binding inhibition were also observed between cultivars. Binding to serotonin (5-HT6 and 5-HT7) and benzodiazepine receptors was only weakly inhibited by both root and leaf extracts of all four cultivars. In conclusion, our investigation indicates that the GABAA, dopamine D2, opioid (mu and delta) and histamine (H1 and H2) receptors might be involved in the pharmacological action of kava extracts. Since the cultivars contained similar amounts of kavalactones, while their pharmacological activities differed markedly, other constituents may play a role in the observed activities. Additionally, leaves generally exhibited more potent binding inhibition than roots, therefore leaf of P. methysticum might be an interesting subject for further pharmacological studies.
Growth velocity variations during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy through an epitaxial shadow mask (1990)

A novel shadow masking technique is proposed for the local variation of growth velocity in GaAs/AlGaAs structures grown on GaAs by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. This mask makes use of epitaxially grown spacer and mask layers and windows in the mask are lithographically defined. This results in a highly accurate and reproducible shadow mask which can be removed by lift-off. Growth velocity variations up to 50% have been observed. The application of this technique to the coupling of passive and active waveguide structures is proposed.
Differential Expression of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Proteins during Growth In Vitro (1998)

In an earlier paper we described the transcriptionally regulated differential levels of expression of two lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi, P35 and P7.5, during growth of the spirochetes in culture from logarithmic phase to stationary phase (K. J. Indest, R. Ramamoorthy, M. Solé, R. D. Gilmore, B. J. B. Johnson, and M. T. Philipp, Infect. Immun. 65:1165-1171, 1997). Here we further assess this phenomenon by investigating whether the expression of other antigens of B. burgdorferi, including some well-characterized ones, are also regulated in a growth-phase-dependent manner in vitro. These studies revealed 13 additional antigens, including OspC, BmpD, and GroEL, that were upregulated 2- to 66-fold and a 28-kDa protein that was downregulated 2- to 10-fold, during the interval between the logarithmic- and stationary-growth phases. Unlike with these in vitro-regulated proteins, the levels of expression of OspA, OspB, P72, flagellin, and BmpA remained unchanged throughout growth of the spirochetes in culture. Furthermore, ospAB, bmpAB, groEL, and fla all exhibited similar mRNA profiles, which is consistent with the constitutive expression of these genes. By contrast, the mRNA and protein profiles of ospC and bmpD indicated regulated expression of these genes. While bmpD exhibited a spike in mRNA expression in early stationary phase, ospC maintained a relatively higher level of mRNA throughout culture. These findings demonstrate that there are additional genes besides P7.5 and P35 whose regulated expression can be investigated in vitro and which may thus serve as models to facilitate the study of regulatory mechanisms in an organism that cycles between an arthropod and a vertebrate host.
Plethora: a framework for converting generic applications to run in a ubiquitous environment (2005)

Applications designed for ubiquitous computing environments need to be coded in a specific way in order to fully realize the benefits of ubiquitous computing. Currently, applications for ubiquitous computing environments either need to be rewritten entirely to benefit from ubiquity, or special wrappers need to be written and customized for particular applications to provide limited compatibility. We argue that the real-world deployment of ubiquitous computing will be realized when users can migrate and use the applications they are familiar with in their daily lives with minimal effort. Furthermore, these applications should automatically benefit from typical ubiquitous computing features including multi-device support, runtime adaptation, environment-independence and context-awareness. In this paper we present a framework that allows us to port any generic application to the domain of ubiquitous computing without having to rewrite the code from scratch. We have experimented with the framework in our prototype ubiquitous computing platform known as active spaces. This has allowed us to explosively increase the number of applications supported by our active space.
A New Approach to Ultrasonic Coiled Tubing Inspection (2003)

A field worthy method of accurately measuring localized coiled tubing (CT) wall thickness using ultrasonic (UT) techniques has been developed. This paper discusses the development of this new method, the system required to implement the method, and presents data from testing of the system.
Substrate and thiol specificity of a stress‐inducible glutathione transferase from soybean (1997)

An RT-PCR-derived clone encoding a stress-inducible glutathione transferase (GSTGm1) from soybean has been overexpressed in E. coli. The enzyme was active as the dimer GSTGm1-1 and showed GST and glutathione peroxidase activity toward diverse xenobiotics, including analogues of natural stress-metabolites. The selective herbicides, fomesafen and acifluorfen, were conjugated more actively with homoglutathione (hGSH), the major thiol in soybean, than with glutathione (GSH). No thiol preference was shown with the related herbicide, fluorodifen, while GSH was preferred with metolachlor and most non-herbicide substrates. Similar thiol-dependent specificities were observed in GST preparations from plants of varying GSH/hGSH content.
Chronic Cerebellar Stimulation (CCS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Involuntary Movement Disorders (1982)

Motor disorders of disinhibition may be modified by prosthetic mobilization of CNS inhibitory mechanisms by chronic electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex (CCS) and by deep brain stimulation of the thalamus and internal capsule (DBS). Reduction in spasticity, abnormal movements, intractable epilepsy and aggressive behavior has been reported after CCS, although negative results in human and animal studies have been published. No adverse neurologic, psychologic or intellectual effects of stimulation have occurred after 7 years of CCS, although subclinical histological changes may occur in the cerebellar cortex under the electrodes. CCS has been shown to produce physiological changes in evoked potentials, motoneurone excitability, epileptic discharges in the EEG and quantitative changes in movement. Surface and deep thalamic recordings have shown reduced amplitudes of somatosensory responses after CCS. Over the last 2 years we have employed chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) in 49 patients with clinically useful results in half the patients. The technique allows reversible modification of movement disorders, and the technique can be used on the second side after a previous thalamectomy. Physiological testing, direct thalamic recordings and quantitative analysis of movement have allowed assessment of optimal rate and voltage of stimulation. For some intractable movement disorders DBS has effected significant therapeutic results when all other therapeutic techniques have failed.
Multiplying matrices in O(n 2:373 ) time (2014)

We develop new tools for analyzing matrix multiplication constructions similar to the CoppersmithWinograd construction, and obtain a new improved bound on! < 2:372873.
In vivo antioxidant gene expression in human airway epithelium of normal individuals exposed to 100% O2 (1993)

Human bronchial epithelium is exquisitely sensitive to high O2 levels, with tracheobronchitis usually developing after 12 h of exposure to 100% O2. To evaluate whether this vulnerability results from inability of the bronchial epithelium to provide adequate antioxidant protection, we quantified antioxidant gene expression in bronchial epithelium of normal volunteers at baseline and after exposure to 100% O2 in vivo. After 14.8 +/- 0.2 h of 100% O2, 24 of 33 individuals had evidence of tracheobronchitis. Baseline gene expression of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD), MnSOD, and catalase in bronchial epithelium was very low (CuZnSOD 4.1 +/- 0.8 transcripts/cell, MnSOD 5.1 +/- 0.9, catalase 1.3 +/- 0.2), with control gamma-actin expression relatively abundant (50 +/- 6 transcripts/cell). Importantly, despite 100% O2 exposure sufficient to cause tracheobronchitis in most individuals, antioxidant mRNA transcripts/cell in bronchial epithelium did not increase (P > 0.5). Catalase activity in bronchial epithelium did not change after exposure to hyperoxia (P > 0.05). Total SOD activity increased mildly (P < 0.01) but not sufficiently to protect the epithelium. Together, the very low levels of expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and the inability to upregulate expression at the mRNA level with oxidant stress likely have a role in human airway epithelium susceptibility to hyperoxia.
Systematic analysis for static and dynamic drops in power supply grids of 3-D integrated circuits (2012)

In recent emerging 3-D chip integration techniques, on-chip power supply grids are interconnected vertically by through silicon vias (TSVs). The operational currents required by each functional device in the integrated circuits (ICs) are supplied through vertical power and ground TSVs, and horizontal power grids. Accurate estimation of power supply noise (i.e., static and dynamic drops) in a 3-D power distribution network is crucial for a robust power supply design. Fast switching speed of the devices complicated the accurate analysis of the worst case power supply noise. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to analyse the static and dynamic drops for the power supply grids in 3-D ICs. The approach is further extended to study the planning of decoupling capacitors in 3D ICs to contain power supply noise.
Subspace Tracking under Dynamic Dimensionality for Online Background Subtraction (2014)

Long-term modeling of background motion in videos is an important and challenging problem used in numerous applications such as segmentation and event recognition. A major challenge in modeling the background from point trajectories lies in dealing with the variable length duration of trajectories, which can be due to such factors as trajectories entering and leaving the frame or occlusion from different depth layers. This work proposes an online method for background modeling of dynamic point trajectories via tracking of a linear subspace describing the background motion. To cope with variability in trajectory durations, we cast subspace tracking as an instance of subspace estimation under missing data, using a least-absolute deviations formulation to robustly estimate the background in the presence of arbitrary foreground motion. Relative to previous works, our approach is very fast and scales to arbitrarily long videos as our method processes new frames sequentially as they arrive.
A Certain Seminal Character of Profit which We Commonly Call “Capital”: Peter of John Olivi and the <i>Tractatus de contractibus</i> (2018)

Abstract Tractatus de contractibus shows that there are mainly three fundamental economic views that characterize the originality and the acuteness of Olivi’s thought: a subject-based theory of value, a theory of just price, and the theoretical-systematic use of the concept of capital. Olivi’s distinction between simply sterile money and fertile, lucrative money – called capitale (capital) – is central. His – at that time – revolutionary thought challenges the theory of money as a mere means of exchange; he acknowledged the legitimacy of trade and the added value ( valor superadiunctus ) of capital. Thus, he allowed a price as compensation or as remuneration for the owner’s foregone use of the capital. This is not a mere scholastic subtlety, but it is a serious attempt to grasp different phenomena with different concepts.