gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) for photoacoustic imaging (2006)

In photoacoustic (optoacoustic) medical imaging, short laser pulses irradiate absorbing structures found in tissue, such as blood vessels, causing brief thermal expansions that in turn generate ultrasound waves. These ultrasound waves which correspond to the optical absorption distribution were imaged using a two dimensional array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). Advantages of CMUT technology for photoacoustic imaging include the ease of integration with electronics, ability to fabricate large two dimensional arrays, arrays with arbitrary geometries, wide-bandwidth arrays and high-frequency arrays. In this study, a phantom consisting of three 0.86-mm inner diameter polyethylene tubes inside a tissue mimicking material was imaged using a 16 x 16 element CMUT array. The center tube was filled with India-ink to provide optical contrast. Traditional pulse-echo data as well as photoacoustic image data were taken. 2D cross-sectional slices and 3D volume rendered images are shown. Simple array tiling was attempted, whereby a 48 x 48 element array was simulated, to illustrate the advantages of larger arrays. Finally, the sensitivity of the photoacoustics setup to the concentration of ink in the tube was also explored. For the sensitivity experiment a different phantom consisting of only one 1.14-mm inner diameter polyethylene tube inside a tissue mimicking material was used. The concentration of the ink inside the tube was varied and images were taken.
Context-free path querying with structural representation of result (2017)

Graph data model and graph databases are popular in such areas as bioinformatics, semantic web, and social networks. One specific problem in the area is a path querying with constraints formulated in terms of formal grammars. The query in this approach is written as a grammar and paths querying is graph parsing with respect to the grammar. There are several solutions to it, but they are based mostly on CYK or Earley algorithms which impose some restrictions in comparison with other parsing techniques, and employing of advanced parsing techniques for graph parsing is still an open problem. In this paper we propose a graph parsing technique which is based on generalized top-down parsing algorithm (GLL) and allows one to build finite structural query result representation with respect to the given grammar in polynomial time and space for arbitrary context-free grammar and graph.
Characterization of <i>Aquifex aeolicus</i> 4‐diphosphocytidyl‐2<i>C</i>‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐erythritol kinase – ligand recognition in a template for antimicrobial drug discovery (2008)

4-Diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (IspE) catalyses the ATP-dependent conversion of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol (CDPME) to 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphate with the release of ADP. This reaction occurs in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis and because it is essential in important microbial pathogens and absent from mammals it represents a potential target for anti-infective drugs. We set out to characterize the biochemical properties, determinants of molecular recognition and reactivity of IspE and report the cloning and purification of recombinant Aquifex aeolicus IspE (AaIspE), kinetic data, metal ion, temperature and pH dependence, crystallization and structure determination of the enzyme in complex with CDP, CDPME and ADP. In addition, 4-fluoro-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylpent-1-enylphosphonic acid (compound 1) was designed to mimic a fragment of the substrate, a synthetic route to 1 was elucidated and the complex structure determined. Surprisingly, this ligand occupies the binding site for the ATP alpha-phosphate not the binding site for the methyl-D-erythritol moiety of CDPME. Gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation indicate that AaIspE is a monomer in solution. The enzyme displays the characteristic alpha/beta galacto-homoserine-mevalonate-phosphomevalonate kinase fold, with the catalytic centre positioned in a deep cleft between the ATP- and CDPME-binding domains. Comparisons indicate a high degree of sequence conservation on the IspE active site across bacterial species, similarities in structure, specificity of substrate recognition and mechanism. The biochemical characterization, attainment of well-ordered and reproducible crystals and the models resulting from the analyses provide reagents and templates to support the structure-based design of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
Sensoring Fusion Data from the Optic and Acoustic Emissions of Electric Arcs in the GMAW-S Process for Welding Quality Assessment (2012)

The present study shows the relationship between welding quality and optical-acoustic emissions from electric arcs, during welding runs, in the GMAW-S process. Bead on plate welding tests was carried out with pre-set parameters chosen from manufacturing standards. During the welding runs interferences were induced on the welding path using paint, grease or gas faults. In each welding run arc voltage, welding current, infrared and acoustic emission values were acquired and parameters such as arc power, acoustic peaks rate and infrared radiation rate computed. Data fusion algorithms were developed by assessing known welding quality parameters from arc emissions. These algorithms have showed better responses when they are based on more than just one sensor. Finally, it was concluded that there is a close relation between arc emissions and quality in welding and it can be measured from arc emissions sensing and data fusion algorithms.
New MBE Buffer For Micron And Quarter-Micron Gate GaAs MESFET's (2005)

A new buffer layer has been developed that eliminates backgating in GaAs MESFET's and substantially reduces short-channel effects in GaAs MESFET's with 0.27-/spl mu/m-long gates. The new buffer is grown by molecular beam epitaxy at a substrate temperature of 200/spl deg/C using Ga and As/sub 4/ beam fluxes. The buffer is crystalline, highly resistive, optically inactive, and can be overgrown with high quality GaAs. GaAs MESFET's with a gate length of 0.27 /spl mu/m that incorporate the new buffer show improved dc and RF properties in comparison with a similar MESFET with a thin undoped GaAs buffer.
Cell Adhesive Behavior on Thin Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Cells Attempt to Achieve Homeostasis of Its Adhesion Energy (2010)

Linearly growing ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films of strong polyelectrolytes, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC), and sulfonated polystyrene, sodium salt (SPS) exhibit a gradual shift from cytophilic to cytophobic behavior, with increasing thickness for films of less than 100 nm. Previous explanations based on film hydration, swelling, and changes in the elastic modulus cannot account for the cytophobicity observed with these thin films as the number of bilayers increases. We implemented a finite element analysis to help elucidate the observed trends in cell spreading. The simulation results suggest that cells maintain a constant level of energy consumption (energy homeostasis) during active probing and thus respond to changes in the film stiffness as the film thickness increases by adjusting their morphology and the number of focal adhesions recruited and thereby their attachment to a substrate.
Holocene pollen and sediment record from the tangle lakes area, central Alaska (1981)

Abstract Pollen and sediments have been analyzed from a 5.5 meter‐length core of lacustrine sediments from Tangle Lakes, in the Gulkana Upland south of the Alaska Range (63 ° 01 ‘ 46”; N. latitude, 146° 03 ‘ 48 “ W. longitude). Radiocarbon ages indicate that the core spans the last 4700 years. The core sediments are sandy silt and silty clay; the core shows distinct rhythmic laminations in the lower 398 cm. The laminae appear to be normally graded; peat fibers and macerated plant debris are more abundant near the tops of the laminae. Six volcanic‐ash layers are present in the upper 110 cm of the core. Present‐day vegetation of the Tangle Lakes area is mesic shrub tundra and open spruce woodland, with scattered patches of shrub willow (Salix), balsam poplar (P. balsamifera), spruce (Picea), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), and alder (Alnus). Pollen analysis of 27 core samples suggests that this vegetation type has persisted throughout the past 4700 years, except for an apparently substantial increase in Picea beginning about 3500 years B.P. Percentages of Picea pollen are very low (generally 1–3 percent) in the lower 2 meters of core (ca. 4700 to 3500 years B.P.), but rise to 13–18 percent in the upper 3.4 meters (ca. 3500 years B.P. to present). Previously reported data from this area indicate that Picea trees initially arrived in the Tangle Lakes area about 9100 years B.P., at least 2.5 to 3 thousand years after deglaciation of the region. The present investigation suggests that Picea trees became locally scarce or died out sometime after about 9000 years B.P. but before 4700 years B.P., then reinvaded the area about 3500 years B.P. If this extrapolated age for the Picea reinvasion is accurate it suggests that local expansion of the Picea population coincides with the onset of a Neoglacial interval of cooler, moister climate. This is an unexpected result, because intervals of cooler climate generally coincide with lowering of the altitudinal limit of trees. In this case, improved moisture conditions may have promoted spruce growth and reproduction in spite of somewhat cooler temperatures. Previous pollen records from Alaska suggest that Artemisia pollen contributed little to the pollen rain of most taiga and tundra sites during Holocene time. The pollen record from Tangle Lakes, however shows rather high percentages (7–13 percent) of Artemisia deposited during the approximate time interval 4700 to 3500 years B.P. Local habitats that have well‐drained soils derived from glacial deposits support patches of Artemisia telesii and other Artemisia species. These local habitats may account for the source of Artemisia pollen deposited in the Tangle Lakes area during Holocene time.
The role of IL-18 and IL-12 in the modulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in monocytic cells (2002)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes crucial for the physiological patrol as well as pathological chemotaxis of immune cells to target tissues. The present study examined differential effects of pro-inflammatory [IL-18, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] versus anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines on the modulation of MMP and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMP) expression in the U937 cell line. IL-18 and IL-12 separately and synergistically enhanced MMP-2, while TNF-alpha led to the elevation of MMP-9. All pro-inflammatory cytokines enhanced MT1-MMP expression and IL-4 suppressed TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression. This study demonstrated that elevated IL-18 and IL-12, and related pro-inflammatory activity, may be associated with aberrant MMP activity, suggesting modulation of MMP expression using IL-12 and IL-18 antagonists as future therapeutic strategies to attenuate inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Automatic technology mapping for generalized fundamental-mode asynchronous designs (1993)

Article Automatic technology mapping for generalized fundamental-mode asynchronous designs Share on Authors: Polly Siegel View Profile , Giovanni De Micheli View Profile , David Dill View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 61–67https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164573Online:01 July 1993Publication History 41citation249DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations41Total Downloads249Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Reliable Automatic Calibration of a Marker-Based Position Tracking System (2005)

This paper describes an accurate vision-based position tracking system which is significantly more robust and reliable over a wide range of environments than existing approaches. Based on fiducial detection for robustness, we show how a machine-learning approach allows the development of significantly more reliable fiducial detection than has previously been demonstrated. We calibrate fiducial positions using a structure-from-motion solver. We then show how nonlinear optimization of the camera position during tracking gives accuracy comparable with full bundle adjustment but at significantly reduced cost.
Receiver Design for Digital Fiber Optic Transmission Systems Using Manchester (Biphase) Coding (1983)

An analysis of the sensitivity of an optical receiver in a digital communication system using Manchester (biphase) coding is performed. Both cases of p-i-n and avalanche photodiodes are considered. Experimental results for the sensitivity of a Manchester receiver operating at 250 Mbits/s are reported. Two types of low noise receiver amplifiers, namely the high impedance and the transimpedance amplifier, are designed and implemented for use in the receiver. A receiver sensitivity of -49.8 dBm in terms of detected optical power is obtained (at a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> bit error rate and 0.1 laser extinction ratio), which corresponds to only 175 average photons per bit. It is shown that in contrast to the NRZ code, the Gaussian approximation theory tends to underestimate the Manchester receiver sensitivity. Tradeoffs between Manchester and NRZ coding are also discussed in terms of receiver sensitivity and ease of implementation. It is shown that Manchester coding is an attractive alternative to NRZ coding for optical transmission systems, particularly when an avalanche photodiode is used.
DETERMINATION OF THE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF SOUS VIDE PACKAGED BONITO (<i>SARDA SARDA</i>, BLOCH, 1793) STORED AT 4 AND 12C (2012)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the quality and shelf life of sous vide bonito stored at 4 and 12C. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) values of cold stored samples exceeded the recommended limit on 35th day of storage, while they were unacceptable according to sensory scores. The TVB‐N and trimethylamine‐N values of sous vide samples stored at 12C exceeded the limits at the 18th day, while sensory scores were very close to the acceptability limit. For all samples, mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts exceeded the limits after they were regarded as spoiled. Therefore, the shelf life of the sous vide bonito, cooked at 70C for 10 min, was 28 days at 4C while 15 days at 12C. It was seen that sous vide packaging provided a long shelf life for bonito. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Sous vide is a long established but relatively little known cooking process. The data regarding the effect of storage temperature on shelf life and quality of sous vide fish are very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the sensory, microbiological and chemical quality of sous vides packaged bonito during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1C) and abuse temperature conditions (12 ± 1C). The results of this study can be utilized by researchers in future studies as well as by manufacturers to determine the processing and storage conditions of sous vide fish.
Research Progress of Integrin β3 and Its Related Factors on Hypertensive Disorder Complicating Pregnancy (2012)

Integrin β3 might regulate adhesion and apoptosis of trophoblast cells, then it might make an effect on hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP). In order to find out the pathogenesis and treatment of HDCP, we review the effects of integrin β3 and its related factors on the placenta of HDCP.


Key words: 
hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy; integrin β3
<title>EMS-Vision: combining on- and off-road driving</title> (2001)

In the past, work at the Universitat der Bundeswehr Muenchen (UBM) has been focused on autonomous road vehicles. During the last four years the Expectation-based Multi-focal Saccadic Vision (EMS-Vision) system has been developed and implemented. EMS-Vision is the 3rd generation dynamic vision system following the 4-D approach. The explicit representation of the own capabilities combined with a complex control and information flow allows the implementation of decision units for goal oriented activation of locomotion and perception. Due to this general approach and in contrast to former UBM systems that were specially designed and optimized for certain limited scenarios and domains, e.g., road following on Autobahnen, the EMS-Vision system can handle complex driving missions spanning multiple domains. It has been realized on a decentralized parallel hardware structure, exclusively built of commercial off-the-shelf components, in both UBM test vehicles VaMoRs and VaMP. Results from an autonomously performed mission on the UBM campus are discussed.
Characterization of the soluble all-carbon molecules C60 and C70 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the soluble all-carbon molecules C60 and C70Henry. Ajie, Marcos M. Alvarez, Samir J. Anz, Rainer D. Beck, Francois. Diederich, K. Fostiropoulos, Donald R. Huffman, Wolfgang. Kraetschmer, Yves. Rubin, and . et al.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 24, 8630–8633Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100387a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100387a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3212Altmetric-Citations758LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Buchwald–Hartwig Amination After 25 Years (2019)

The Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl (pseudo)halides and amines is one of the most powerful approaches for the formation of C(sp<sup>2</sup> )-N bonds. The pioneering reports from Migita and subsequently Buchwald and Hartwig on the coupling of aminostannanes and aryl bromides rapidly evolved into general and practical tin-free protocols with broad substrate scope, which led to the establishment of what is now known as the Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This Minireview summarizes the evolution of this cross-coupling reaction over the course of the past 25 years and illustrates some of the most recent applications of this well-established methodology.
The MITRE map navigation experiment (1999)

article Free Access Share on The MITRE map navigation experiment Authors: Jeffrey L. Kurtz MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA MITRE Corp., Bedford, MAView Profile , Laurie E. Damianos MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA MITRE Corp., Bedford, MAView Profile , Robyn Kozierok MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA MITRE Corp., Bedford, MAView Profile , Lynette Hirschman MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA MITRE Corp., Bedford, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 31Issue 2esJune 1999 pp 18–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/323216.323365Online:01 June 1999Publication History 4citation481DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads481Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Angstrom-range optical path-length measurement with a high-speed scanning heterodyne optical interferometer (2003)

A highly accurate method of optical path-length measurement is introduced by use of a scanning heterodyne optical interferometer with no moving parts. The instrument has demonstrated the potential to measure optical path length at angstrom resolution over continuous thickness in the micrometer range. This optical path length can be used to calculate the thickness of any material if the refractive index is known or to measure the refractive index of the material if the thickness is known. The instrument uses a single acousto-optic device in an in-line ultra-stable reflective geometry to implement rapid scanning in the microsecond domain for thickness measurements of the test medium.
A model of gel electrophoresis. (1994)

Electrophoretic migration of macromolecules through gels is described in terms of dislocation of the gel polymers by migrating molecules. The polymer displacement depends on two forces. The first is the electrokinetic force of the migrating macromolecules and the second is the resisting force of the polymers. The molecules migrate in discrete steps, and in each step they pass through one gel layer. "Doors" are formed by a dislocation of the polymer chains in one layer whereas "corridors" are formed by a deformation of the layer, accompanied by dislocation of the polymers in at least one layer above and below. The model is supported by experiments showing a loss of resolution in the gels comprising a branched, polymeric cross-linker, and a faster migration of a 23 kbp than a 9.4 kbp DNA fragment in two completely different matrices, including a novel cross-linked agarose gel.
Membrane Potential-Dependent Inhibition of Platelet Adhesion to Endothelial Cells by Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (2004)

EETs hyperpolarize platelets and inactivate them by inhibiting adhesion molecule expression and platelet adhesion to cultured endothelial cells in a membrane potential-dependent manner. They act as an EDHF on platelets and might be important mediators of the anti-adhesive properties of vascular endothelium.
ZigBee wireless standard (2006)

In this article ZigBee technology is described. It is a new wireless network standard. The principle of work and characteristics are explained. Possible network topologies and device types are shown. Finally, the application of ZigBee devices in everyday life was proposed.
A Frequency Tunable Double Band-Stop Resonator with Voltage Control by Varactor Diodes (2016)

In this paper, a frequency tunable double band-stop resonator (BSR) with voltage control by varactor diodes is suggested. It makes use of a half-wavelength shunt stub as its conventional basic structure, which is replaced by the distributed LC block. Taking advantage of the nonlinear relationship between the frequency and electrical length of the distributed LC block, a dual-band device can be designed easily. With two varactor diodes, the stop-band of the resonator can be easily tuned by controlling the electrical length of the resonator structure. The measurement results show the tuning ranges of the two operating frequencies to be 1.82 GHz to 2.03 GHz and 2.81 GHz to 3.03 GHz, respectively. The entire size of the resonator is <TEX>$10mm{\times}11mm$</TEX>, which is very compact.