gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constrained-Latency Storage Access : a survey of application requirements and storage system design approaches (2018)

Applications with Constrained Latency Storage Access (CLSA) are those that have large storage needs and hard constraints on the amount of latency they can tolerate. Such applications present a problem when the storage technology that is cost effective and large enough cannot meet their latency constraints for demand fetching. Examples are found in the developing field of multimedia computing and, to a lesser extent, in real-time database literature. This paper examines the nature of timing constraints at the application-storage interface and defines a classification for both the synchronization constraints of the application and the latency characteristics of the storage system. This classification is then used to survey existing approaches to CLSA and to assess their limitations. The more promising technologies are identified, and their suitability for integration into a general purpose storage management system to meet CLSA needs is examined. Keywords: Real-Time Storage Systems, Mult...
Modified null broadening adaptive beamforming: constrained optimisation approach (2007)

A constrained optimisation approach for null broadening adaptive beamforming is proposed. This approach improves the robustness of the traditional MVDR beamformer by broadening nulls for interference direction and the mainlobe for the desired direction. This optimisation is efficiently solved by semidefinite programming. The proposed approach, when applied to high altitude platform communications using a vertical linear antenna array, provides significantly better coverage performance than a previously reported null broadening technique.
On a Stepwise Procedure for Two Population Bayes Decision Rules Using Discrete Variables (1973)

The primary difficulty in the application of Bayes decision rules based on discrete data has been the problem of deriving satisfactory estimates of the likelihoods. A measure of the potential effectiveness of a t dimensional sample space is developed, a linear function of which is asymptotically distributed as chi-square. A stepwise procedure for item selection is then presented in order to derive more stable estimates of the likelihoods through a reduction of the dimensionality of the sample space. The procedure is then illustrated with application to the problem of screening for schizophrenia.
Aryl Diazomorpholides (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAryl DiazomorpholidesRonald A. Henry and William M. DehnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 3, 479–480Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1943https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01243a504RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (255 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Network security for QoS routing metrics (2010)

Data security is an essential requirement, especially when sending information over a network. Network security has three goals called confidentiality, integrity and availability (or Access). Encryption is the most common technique used to achieve this goal. However, the computer society has not yet agreed on a standard method to measure data security. The ultimate goal of this study is to define security metrics based on different aspects of network security, and then demonstrate how these metrics could be used in Quality of Service (QoS) routing to find the most secure path connecting two distant nodes (source and destination) across an internetwork. Three security metrics are proposed in this document, these metrics have been derived from three important issues of network security, namely: authentication, encryption and traffic filtration techniques (firewalls and intrusion detection systems). The metrics follow different composition rules in that the first is binary, the second is either concave or additive and the last is multiplicative. Routing algorithms that make use of such metrics have been implemented in the C# programming language to test the viability of the proposed solution. Computational effort and blocking probability are the most commonly used performance measures were used to assess the behavior and the performance of these routing algorithms. Results obtained show that the algorithms were able to find feasible paths between communicating parties and helped in making reasonable savings in the computational effort needed to find an acceptable path. Consequently, higher blocking probabilities were encountered, which is thus the price to be paid for the savings.
Joint optimization of content replication and Traffic Engineering in ICN (2015)

In the current IP networks, content replication and inter-domain Traffic Engineering (TE) are manipulated by different entities with respective objectives, and work at different layers as well. In Information-Centric Networking (ICN), however, they can both be administered by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and work at the same network layer. In this paper, we present our study of jointly optimizing content replication and inter-domain TE in ICN, which aims at maximizing the profit of inter-domain traffic for an ISP while constrained by the limits of link bandwidth and the availability of contents. Results show that our algorithms can increase the ISP's profit by 66% and reduce the link utilization by 23% on average, which are near-optimal and with much less running time.
Autosomal glycogenosis of liver and muscle due to phosphorylase kinase deficiency is caused by mutations in the phosphorylase kinase beta subunit (PHKB) (1997)

Glycogen storage disease due to phosphorylase kinase deficiency occurs in several variants that differ in mode of inheritance and tissue-specificity. This heterogeneity is suspected to be largely due to mutations affecting different subunits and isoforms of phosphorylase kinase. The gene of the ubiquitously expressed beta subunit, PHKB, was a candidate for involvement in autosomally transmitted phosphorylase kinase deficiency of liver and muscle. To identify such mutations, the complete PHKB coding sequence was amplified by RT-PCR of RNA isolated from blood samples of patients and analyzed by direct sequencing of PCR products. The characterization of mutations was complemented by PCR of genomic DNA. In one female and four male patients, we identified five independent nonsense mutations (Y418ter; R428ter; Y974H+E975ter; Q656ter in two cases), one single-base insertion in codon N421, one splice-site mutation affecting exon 31, and a large deletion involving the loss of exon 8. Although these severe translation-disrupting mutations occur in constitutively expressed sequences of the only known beta subunit gene of phosphorylase kinase, PHKB, they are associated with a surprisingly mild clinical phenotype, affecting virtually only the liver, and relatively high residual enzyme activity of approximately 10%.
Nitrogen Metabolism in the Rumen (1984)

Nitrogen metabolism is reviewed with emphasis on methods for quantitating various nitrogen-transactions in the rumen of animals on a variety of diets. Ammonia kinetics, microbial cell synthesis, the inputs of endogenous nitrogen, degradation of dietary protein, and availability to the animal of dietary bypass protein are discussed. The efficiency of microbial protein from the rumen is discussed in relation to the ratio of protein to energy in the nutrients available to meet the requirements of the animal. The ratio is determined largely by the maintenance requirements of microbes and the breakdown of microbial materials, which result in the recycling of microbial nitrogen in the rumen. Emphasis is placed on the role of rumen protozoa in decreasing the ratio of protein to energy in absorbed nutrients in ruminants on diets that are marginally deficient in protein. Recent studies of the dynamics of protozoa in the rumen and their contribution to microbial protein outflow are summarized.
<scp>l</scp>-Lysine Production by S-(2-Aminoethyl)<scp>l</scp>-Cysteine and α-Amino-β-hydroxyvareIic Acid Resistant Mutants of<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i> (1978)

The regulation of aspartokinase (EC 2.7.2.4) in Brevibacterium lactofermentum was studied. One mM of lysine or threonine or threonine plus lysine inhibited the activity of aspartokinase to the levels of 45, 41 or 81%, respectively, as compared with no addition. In order to obtain mutants with aspartokinase which is genetically desensitized to the feedback inhibition, we tried to derive mutant resistant to S-(2-aminoethyI) l-cysteine (AEC) or α-amino-β-hydroxyvarelic acids (AHV) from B. lactofermentum. Most of AEC resistant mutants produced more than 5 mg/ml of l-lysine. These aspar- tokinase were not inhibited by threonine or threonine plus lysine, but inhibited by lysine. On the other hand, about 30 % of AHV resistant mutants produced more than 5 mg/ml of L-lysine and these aspartokinases were partially desensitized to the feedback inhibition by lysine. Furthermore, the homoserine dehydrogenase level and the degree of inhibition by threonine in AHV resistant mutants were almost the same as those in parental strain. Both AEC and AHV resistant mutants produced l-lysine twofold as compared with that of either AEC or AHV resistant mutants. The data provide significant evidence that aspartokinase in Brevibacterium lactofermentum was subject to the single or concerted regulation by threonine and lysine.
A simple and effective scheduling mechanism using minimized cycle round robin (2003)

In this paper, we first present a simple scheduling scheme called minimized cycle round robin (MCRR) for packet and cell switched networks. We demonstrate that MCRR exhibits optimal worst-case latency property in a certain class of weighted round robin (WRR) approaches which are currently used for packet (cell) scheduling in high-speed networks, such as ATM networks. We further present a hierarchical MCRR (HMCRR) mechanism to maximize the efficacy of MCRR in practice and be scalable to large number of connections. HMCRR can significantly improve router/switch scheduling latency and hence the delay and delay jitter performance, while keeping the simplicity of WRR based scheduling disciplines.
TRAFFIC CONTROL IN AN ATM NETWORK USING FUZZY SET THEORY (1994)

Due t o the demand f o r high-speed and mult imedia ser-vices, A T M (asynchronous t rans fer mode) networks have increasingly received high at tent ion. T h e mul-tzmedia services i n A T M networks have diverse t r a f i c characteristics and service requirements, appropriate traffic controls of call admission and congestion are needed so as t o guarantee the required quality of ser-vace (00s) f o r services. Previous s tudies o n the t r a f i c control were based o n the results of queueing analyses. I n this paper, a n alternative traf f ic control f o r admis-szon an conjunct ion with congestion based o n f u z z y set theory are proposed f o r a n A T M network. T h e perfor-mance evaluation via s imula t ion shows the effective-ness of the proposed method in comparison with the equivalent capacity in [I]; link ut i l izat ion is eflectively improved b y 8 % while keeping the QOS contract. * 1
One‐Pot, 18‐Component Synthesis of an Octahedral Nanocontainer Molecule (2005)

A whole in one! The octahedral nanocontainer 3 composed of six cavitands 1 that are connected together by 12 diamino bridging units 2 through 24 imine bonds was synthesized in nearly quantitative yield in a one-pot reaction. Molecular mechanics calculations and NMR experiments suggest that this container has a diameter of 3.2 Å and an inner cavity volume of about 1700 Å3. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z504049_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wearable and Implantable Devices for Cardiovascular Healthcare: from Monitoring to Therapy Based on Flexible and Stretchable Electronics (2019)

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and has dramatically increased in recent years. Continuous cardiac monitoring is particularly important for early diagnosis and prevention, and flexible and stretchable electronic devices have emerged as effective tools for this purpose. Their thin, soft, and deformable features allow intimate and long‐term integration with biotissues, which enables continuous, high‐fidelity, and sometimes large‐area cardiac monitoring on the skin and/or heart surface. In addition to monitoring, intimate contact is also crucial for high‐precision therapies. Combined with tissue engineering, soft bioelectronics have also demonstrated the capability to repair damaged cardiac tissues. This review highlights the recent advances in wearable and implantable devices based on flexible and stretchable electronics for cardiovascular monitoring and therapy. First, wearable/implantable soft bioelectronics for cardiovascular monitoring (e.g., the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation level) are reviewed. Then, advances in cardiovascular therapy based on soft bioelectronics (e.g., mesh pacing, ablation, robotic sleeves, and electronic stents) are discussed. Finally, device‐assisted tissue engineering therapy (e.g., functional electronic scaffolds and in vitro cardiac platforms) is discussed.
6α- and 6β-Acetic acid derivatives of Cholest-4-en-3-one and Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (1976)

The methyl esters of the 6-epimers of 3-oxocholest-4-en-6-ylacetic acid, and of 3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-6-ylacetic acid, have been synthesized from 5a,6-epoxy-3,3-ethylenedioxy-5a -cholestane and 5a,6-epoxy-3,3,20,20-bisethylenedioxy-5a -pregnane, respectively, via the corresponding 5a-hydroxy- 6ß(prop-2-enyl) derivatives.
75th Anniversary: The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration (2005)

Abstract The magnetic method, perhaps the oldest of geophysical exploration techniques, blossomed after the advent of airborne surveys in World War II. With improvements in instrumentation, navigation, and platform compensation, it is now possible to map the entire crustal section at a variety of scales, from strongly magnetic basement at regional scale to weakly magnetic sedimentary contacts at local scale. Methods of data filtering, display, and interpretation have also advanced, especially with the availability of low-cost, high-performance personal computers and color raster graphics. The magnetic method is the primary exploration tool in the search for minerals. In other arenas, the magnetic method has evolved from its sole use for mapping basement structure to include a wide range of new applications, such as locating intrasedimentary faults, defining subtle lithologic contacts, mapping salt domes in weakly magnetic sediments, and better defining targets through 3D inversion. These new applications have increased the method's utility in all realms of exploration — in the search for minerals, oil and gas, geothermal resources, and groundwater, and for a variety of other purposes such as natural hazards assessment, mapping impact structures, and engineering and environmental studies.
Strategies for Gene Fusions (2003)

Recombinant DNA technology enabling genes or gene fragments to be spliced to form fusions has become an important objective in many fields of research. The fusion proteins, expressed from such operatively linked genes, often display the combined properties of the parent proteins and are used extensively in microbiology, molecular biology, immunology, and bio-technology (, , ).
Targeted Steam Injection Using Horizontal Wells with Limited Entry Perforations (1998)

Abstract Limited-entry perforations have been used in vertical wells in both California and at Imperial's Cold Lake field as a method for distributing steam to different zones. The technology relies simply upon designing the number, size and placement of the perforations so that critical or choked flow occurs across the perforations during steam injection, and steam exits the well with the desired distribution. This paper describes an experimental horizontal well where this same technology was used to replace ten vertical injection wells with a single horizontal well. The well was located between rows of vertical wells in reservoir that had been subjected to more than ten years of operations under cyclic steam stimulation. The limited-entry perforations enabled steam to be targeted at the cold regions of the reservoir. A more typical completion such as a screened or slotted liner would not have provided any control over the placement of steam in the reservoir. The 1000 m long liner was cemented in place with a completion design consisting of only 28, 3/8 inch diameter perforations which were drilled through the casing and cement. The design injection rate for the well was 2000 to 3000 m3/day of 70% quality steam. This paper presents an assessment of the performance of the well based on theoretical calculations, measured injection pressures and rates, and 3D seismic imaging.
MAGNETIC BEAD BASED DNA PURIFICATION ON A DISPOSABLE CENTRIFUGAL MICROFLUIDIC FOIL CARTRIDGE (2010)

We present a novel method for integrated magnetic bead based DNA purification on a centrifugal microfluidic platform (“disk”). The system is characterized by purifying DNA from lysed E. coli cultures. Advantages over existing solutions [1-4] include operation at low centrifugal frequencies (�8 Hz), modular design using one repeating unit operation, short processing time and yield close to 100% vs. manual reference purification. During purification process, magnetic beads are moved between different liquid filled reservoirs by an interplay of centrifugal and magnetic forces. PCR ready DNA of 3 different dilutions (from 1.5 10 4 CFU up to 1.5 10 8 CFU per sample) of an E. coli lysate was purified within ~6 min without manual interference.
The transformation of scientific communication: A model for 2020 (2000)

Information technologies, particularly the personal computer and the World Wide Web, are changing the ways that scientists communicate. The traditional print-based system that relies on the refereed scientific journal as the key delivery mechanism for research findings is undergoing a transformation to a system much more reliant on electronic communication and storage media. This article offers a new paradigm for communication in science, and suggests how digital media might bring new roles and functionalities to participants. The argument is made that behavioral and organizational determinants are as important factors as technological capabilities in shaping the future.
Evaluating the Performability of Systems with Background Jobs (2006)

As most computer systems are expected to remain operational 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, they must complete maintenance work while in operation. This work is in addition to the regular tasks of the system and its purpose is to improve system reliability and availability. Nonetheless, additional work in the system, although labeled as best effort or low priority, still affects the performance of foreground tasks, especially if background/foreground work is non-preemptive. In this paper, we propose an analytic model to evaluate the performance trade-offs of the amount of background work that a storage system can sustain. The proposed model results in a quasi-birth-death (QBD) process that is analytically tractable. Detailed experimentation using a variety of workloads shows that under dependent arrivals both foreground and background performance strongly depends on system load. In contrast, if arrivals of foreground jobs are independent, performance sensitivity to load is reduced. The model identifies dependence in the arrivals of foreground jobs as an important characteristic that controls the decision of how much background load the system can accept to maintain high availability and performance gains
Empirically based assessment and taxonomy: Applications to clinical research. (1995)

The empirically based paradigm uses standardized procedures to assess problems reported by different informants. Multivariate analyses are used to derive taxonomic constructs comprising syndromes that are robust across samples and assessment procedures. The taxonomic constructs are operationally defined via scales that are normed in relation to participants' characteristics and the sources of data. New cases can be evaluated via the same assessment procedures that are used to derive and operationalize the constructs. Spanning from age 2 to 27, applications of the paradigm were illustrated with cross-cultural, longitudinal, accelerated longitudinal, treatment, and diagnostic studies. The empirically based approach provides productive alternatives to the agendas for research and services implied by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, especially in managed care contexts.
Tri‐dimensional prostate cell cultures in simulated microgravity and induced changes in lipid second messengers and signal transduction (2001)

The high aspect rotating-wall vessel (HARV) was designed to cultivate cells in an environment that simulate microgravity. We studied previously the effects of HARV cultivation on DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells. We determined that HARV cultivation produced a less aggressive, slower growing, less proliferative, more differentiated and less pliant cell than other cell cultivation methods. The result was a 3-dimensional (3D) growth model of prostate cancer which mimics in vivo tissue growth. This work examines the signal transduction-second messenger pathways existing temporarily in these HARV cells and correlates these features with the special properties in growth and 3D spheroid formation. We found an initial very active ceramide, a diacylglycerol increase together with increases in PI-PLC and PLA(2) a central defect in PLD (no phosphatic acid or phosphatidylethanol at any time during 15 days of HARV cultivation). There is a cross-talk between ceramide and PI3K pathways with activation of PI3K, after 6 days of HARV growth concomitant with down-regulation of ceramide. At this time, there is also an increase of cAMP (seen by increases in arachidonic acid). Taken together these results can explain the 3D organoid-like growth. We therefore developed a model for growth in HARV prostate cancer cells which involve temporal "switches" between second messengers, activation and cross-talk between multiplicity of signaling pathways and a central defect in PLD pathways. Essential to the late slow growth, and 3D organotypic formation are the apoptotic, anti-survival, anti-proliferation and differentiation pathways in the first days of HARV, with growth of "new" different types of prostate cancer cells which set-up for later "switch" in ceramide-PI3K to survival and proliferation.