gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Increases the Lactate Threshold during an Incremental Exercise Test in Trained Individuals (2009)

The effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on the lactate threshold (LT) were investigated as an index of endurance exercise capacity. Eight trained male subjects (21+/-2 y) participated in a double-blind crossover placebo-controlled study. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups and were provided either a BCAA drink (0.4% BCAA, 4% carbohydrate; 1,500 mL/d) or an iso-caloric placebo drink for 6 d. On the 7th day, the subjects performed an incremental loading exercise test with a cycle ergometer until exhaustion in order to measure the LT. The test drink (500 mL) was ingested 15-min before the test. Oxygen consumption VO2 and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during the exercise test were measured with the breath-by-breath method. Blood samples were taken before and during the exercise test to measure the blood lactate and plasma BCAA concentrations. The same exercise test was performed again 1 wk later. BCAA supplementation increased the plasma BCAA concentration during the exercise test, while plasma BCAA concentration decreased in the placebo trial. The RER during the exercise test in the BCAA trial was lower than that in the placebo trial (p<0.05). The VO2 and workload levels at LT point in the BCAA trial were higher than those in the placebo trial (VO2: 29.8+/-6.8 vs. 26.4+/-5.4 mL/kg/min; workload: 175+/-42 vs. 165+/-38 W, p<0.05, respectively). The VO2max in the BCAA trial was higher than that in the placebo trial (47.1+/-5.7 vs. 45.2+/-5.0 mL/kg/min, p<0.05). These results suggest that BCAA supplementation may be effective to increase the endurance exercise capacity.
Cell phones answer Internet's call (2000)

Cellular service providers, handset manufacturers, and system integrators are captivated by the promise of the wireless Internet using third generation cellular telephony. The leading contender to be the global standard for third-generation cellular telephony is the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). This is a wideband CDMA system designed to be smoothly backward-compatible with GSM, and also the leading member of the IMT-2000 family of third-generation systems sponsored by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The developments of this technology and its impact on the telecommunications industry worldwide are discussed.
A Single Dose of Modified Vaccinia Ankara expressing Ebola Virus Like Particles Protects Nonhuman Primates from Lethal Ebola Virus Challenge (2018)

Ebola virus (EBOV), isolate Makona, was the causative agent of the West African epidemic devastating predominantly Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone from 2013-2016. While several experimental vaccine and treatment approaches have been accelerated through human clinical trials, there is still no approved countermeasure available against this disease. Here, we report the construction and preclinical efficacy testing of a novel recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine expressing the EBOV-Makona glycoprotein GP and matrix protein VP40 (MVA-EBOV). GP and VP40 form EBOV-like particles and elicit protective immune responses. In this study, we report 100% protection against lethal EBOV infection in guinea pigs after prime/boost vaccination with MVA-EBOV. Furthermore, this MVA-EBOV protected macaques from lethal disease after a single dose or prime/boost vaccination. The vaccine elicited a variety of antibody responses to both antigens, including neutralizing antibodies and antibodies with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity specific for GP. This is the first report that a replication-deficient MVA vector can confer full protection against lethal EBOV challenge after a single dose vaccination in macaques.
SYNTHESES OF SOME ANALOGS OF RORIFONE (1974)

A series of analogs of rorifone were prepared for the purpose of studying the relationships between chemical structure and expectorant activity. Among the analogs, three compounds, namely, 9-methylsulphonylnonyl acctate (ⅩⅩⅪ),10-methylsulphonyldecanoic acid (ⅩⅩⅩⅣ) and o-methoxyphenyl 10-methylsulphonyldecanoate (ⅩⅩⅩⅦ) exhibited rather high cxpectorant activity in animal tests. Compound ⅩⅩⅩⅣ has been subjected to clinical trials and proved to be effective in treating certain types of chronic bronchitis.
Miniaturized implantable rotary blood pump in atrial–aortic position supports and unloads the failing heart (1998)

The purpose of this study was to test the pump performance of a miniaturized, newly developed, implantable rotary blood pump (the diagonal pump). In a series of six sheep, the pump was interposed in an atrial-aortic connection. Heart failure was induced by serial injection of glass beads into the left coronary artery. The assistance of the non-failing heart (with pump output up to 4.5 liter/min) did not change the total cardiac output or the blood pressure of the animal. The heart was significantly unloaded as demonstrated by a drop in first derivative of the left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) max (from 1645 to 1113 mmHg/s; P = 0.0003). Because of the specific interaction between heart function and rotary blood pump performance, the pump provided considerably more flow in the failing than in the non-failing heart. Cardiac output and perfusion pressures were restored to pre-assist values in the failing heart model. The heart-rotary blood pump interaction is an ideal substrate for long-term assistance. With this miniaturized rotary blood pump, hemodynamics in a severely failing heart can be restored. Atrial cannulation, which leaves the left ventricle untouched, provides similar results as apical cannulation in the failing heart.
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus L1 protein-based vaccines: protection is achieved only with a full-length, nondenatured product (1993)

Papillomas induced by the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) progress at a high frequency to carcinomas. In this regard, CRPV and its tumors can serve as an animal model for highly oncogenic human papillomaviruses. We have previously shown that immunization with major structural protein L1 elicits neutralizing antibodies and protects rabbits from papilloma development (Y.-L. Lin, L.A. Borenstein, R. Selvakumar, R. Ahmed, and F.O. Wettstein, Virology 187:612-619, 1992). In this study, we demonstrated that vaccination with the TrpE-L1 fusion protein not only protected rabbits from papilloma development but also prevented latent infection. This was indicated by the failure to amplify CRPV sequences by polymerase chain reaction in biopsies from infection sites of immunized animals. Furthermore, we showed that TrpE-L1 immunization protected rabbits from papilloma formation induced by virus but not from that induced by viral DNA. To explore the possibility of developing vaccines based on L1 subfragments, we mapped the linear L1 epitopes recognized by TrpE-L1-immunized rabbits and by virus-infected rabbits resistant to superinfection. Sera from papilloma-bearing rabbits reacted with one major epitope located at the carboxy-terminal end of L1, between amino acids (aa) 480 and 505. A second epitope, and in some animals a third one, was located in the amino-terminal region, between aa 78 and 101, as well as between aa 37 and 62. Sera from TrpE-L1-immunized animals recognized only one major epitope, located between aa 6 and 37. Immunization of rabbits with L1 subfragment fusion proteins led to seroconversion, but no neutralizing antibodies were produced and the animals were not protected against papilloma formation. The data indicate that a successful papillomavirus vaccine must be based on immunization with full-length native L1 and that further simplification to smaller peptides containing major linear epitopes is not feasible.
Mechanism of faster NO scavenging by older stored red blood cells (2014)

Increased nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cells as a function of storage age contributes to deleterious effects upon transfusion.
Effects of gases on E-glass fibers (1975)

The effects of selected gases such as water vapor and CF^ on E-glass fibers at high and low temperature were investigated. Fine E-glass fibers (3.5-5.8 wm diameter) drawn in these atmospheres were aged in a controlled humidity atmosphere (36% R.H.) for certain periods of time from one-half day up to 30 days and the tensile strengths were measured. Losses of strengths of fibers drawn in both high humidity and CF^ atmosphere were observed. The initial strength of E-glass fibers fluorinated bv CF. in the drawing atmosphere was lower than that for 4 fibers drawn in humidity atmospheres. However, the fibers drawn in the CF^ atmosphere showed greater resistance to attack by water during aging in a humid atmosphere.
Evaluation of Predictors for the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism in Cats (2011)

Median (range) follow-up was 26 (0-54) months and annual incidence of hyperthyroidism during the study was 7.4%. Cats that became hyperthyroid within 14 months had higher ALKP activity (P = 0.02) and higher prevalence of goiter (P = .03) at baseline than controls. Cats with undetectable TSH at baseline (29/104; 28%) were significantly (P < .001) more likely to be diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. However, not all cats with undetectable TSH became hyperthyroid during the study.
Polyphosphoric Acid as a Reagent in Organic Chemistry. IV. Conversion of Aromatic Acids and their Derivatives to Amines<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyphosphoric Acid as a Reagent in Organic Chemistry. IV. Conversion of Aromatic Acids and their Derivatives to Amines1H. R. Snyder, Clayton T. Elston, and David B. KellomCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 8, 2014–2015Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01104a525https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01104a525research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A regulamentação do acesso aos recursos genéticos e aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados no Brasil (2005)

A implementação, em nível nacional, da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, especialmente dos artigos 8j e 15, que tratam respectivamente do conhecimento tradicional e do acesso aos recursos genéticos e da repartição dos benefícios provenientes da sua utilização, tem gerado intenso debate quanto ao seu impacto sobre a pesquisa. No Brasil vigora atualmente a Medida Provisória 2.186-16/01 (MP) que instituiu as regras para o acesso a e a remessa de componentes do patrimônio genético e o acesso a conhecimentos tradicionais associados. Essa norma previu a criação da autoridade nacional competente o Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (CGEN) no âmbito do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, o qual iniciou suas atividades em abril de 2002. Em 2003, com o novo governo, a implementação da MP buscou atender, na medida do possível, as demandas de setores da sociedade, editando atos que esclareceram conceitos básicos para sua implementação, diminuindo a burocracia para a aplicação da norma e dando maior transparência às ações do CGEN. Entretanto essas ações estão limitadas pelo texto legal vigente, assim foi elaborado um anteprojeto de lei para, após sua análise pela casa Civil, ser encaminhado pelo Executivo Federal ao Congresso Nacional. A retomada do processo legislativo, iniciado em 1995 e interrompido em 2000 com a primeira edição da referida MP, dará a sociedade uma nova chance para que participe da discussão dessa matéria, agora com mais conhecimento de causa.
TH‐C‐BRB‐07: Treatment Planning with Multiple Spot Sizes to Improve Delivery Efficiency in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (2011)

Purpose: Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) has the potential to deliver highly conformal dose distributions to target volumes via the superposition of a large number of independently weighted proton pencil beam spots. While smaller proton spots offer superior dose conformity, the increase in treatment time can be significant. The purpose of this study is to develop treatment planning strategies for IMPT that employ proton spots of different sizes, and evaluate the potential reduction in total number of spots and/or improvement in dose conformity given the same treatment time. Methods: Two patient cases (prostate and lung) were analyzed by comparing three spot scanning strategies. Plans A and B use uniform spot sizes (standard deviation of the Gaussian profile) of 3mm and 6mm, respectively. Plan C uses a combination of 3mm and 9mm spots, placed close to the target surface and in the target center, respectively. Slight overlap between the two spot grids was allowed to provide adequate target coverage. The spot spacing was chosen to ensure uniform dose coverage to the target. Treatment plans were created to minimize dose to all normal structures while maintaining similar dose uniformity within the target. Results: Target uniformity was similar for all planning techniques. Plan C achieved nearly the same conformity as plan A, but resulted in spot reductions of 58% and 71% for the prostate and lung cases respectively. Plan B required about the same number of spots as Plan A; however, the D20% to normal tissues near the target increased by 59.6% and 25.6% for the two cases compared with plan C. Conclusions: Combining proton spots of various sizes in IMPT treatment planning allows for the same plan quality as with only using smaller spots. Depending on the target volume, up to a 70% reduction of number of spots can be achieved.
Studies on the Extracellular Protease of Yeasts Part I (1972)

著者らは,菌体外にプロテアーゼを生産する酵母のスクリーニングを目的として実験を行ない,つぎの結果を得た. (1)大阪府生駒のブドー畑土壌より,菌体外に多量の酸性プロテアーゼを生産する赤色酵母No. K-24を得た. (2) No. K-24株の菌学的性質を検討し, Rhodotorula glutinis (Fres.) Harrisonと同定した. (3)プロテアーゼの生産は,培養基の初発pHによって著しく影響され,初発pH 2.8が最良であった.初発pH 5.0～7.0では,酵素はほとんど生産されなかった. (4)プロテアーゼ生産の最適培地として,グルコース7%,ポリペプトン2%, KH2PO4, 0.6%, MgSO4. 7H2O 0.08%, MnSO4・6H2O 4 ppm, FeSO4・6H20 4 ppm,サイアミン2 ppm, pH 2.8の培地を設定し,この培地に供試酵母を25°C, 72時間培養することによって,著量の酸性プロテアーゼが培地中に蓄積することを認めた.
In-situ measurement of lens aberrations (2000)

Linewidth control across an exposure field is becoming increasingly challenging as design rules shrink. Contributions to linewidth variation can arise from the reticle, the exposure tool and the resist process. For the exposure system, errors may originate from the illuminator ste-up, the projection lens aberrations using a new reticle and measurement technique. The technique uses a special reticle, which converts wavefront phase errors to displacements on the wafer. These offsets can be measured using conventional overlay tools with greater speed and accuracy than SEM measurements of small linewidths. Reconstruction of the wavefront using this data provides a more reliable in-situ characterization of aberrations.
Adaptive Methods for Activity Monitoring of Streaming Data. (2002)

Activity monitoring deals with monitoring data (usually streaming data) for interesting events. It has several applications such as building an alarm or an alert system that triggers when outliers or change points are detected. We discuss
Social behavior recognition in continuous video (2012)

We present a novel method for analyzing social behavior. Continuous videos are segmented into action `bouts' by building a temporal context model that combines features from spatio-temporal energy and agent trajectories. The method is tested on an unprecedented dataset of videos of interacting pairs of mice, which was collected as part of a state-of-the-art neurophysiological study of behavior. The dataset comprises over 88 hours (8 million frames) of annotated videos. We find that our novel trajectory features, used in a discriminative framework, are more informative than widely used spatio-temporal features; furthermore, temporal context plays an important role for action recognition in continuous videos. Our approach may be seen as a baseline method on this dataset, reaching a mean recognition rate of 61.2% compared to the expert's agreement rate of about 70%.
Anomalous thermal expansion and magnetostriction of single crystal Tb&lt;inf&gt;.27&lt;/inf&gt;Dy&lt;inf&gt;.73&lt;/inf&gt;Fe&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; (1977)

Single crystal magnetostriction and thermal expansion measurements are reported on Tb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.27</inf> Dy <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.73</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . A spin reorientation at T = 283K causes the sudden onset of a very large magnetostrictive distortion which yields a huge anomalous contribution to the linear thermal expansion. The temperature and magnitude of this contribution is field controlled. The expansion coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d(\Delta\ell/\ell)/dT</tex> can be varied from +5 to +115×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> /°K. Normal magnetostrictive behavior is observed above 283K. Below this temperature a change in the easy axis from the highly magnetostrictive [111] axis to the weakly magnetostrictive [100] direction causes an anomalous field dependence. Here large external fields are required to saturate the moment along [111].
Parallel detection for V-BLAST system (2003)

Previous studies unveiled that huge channel capacity can be achieved by employing multi-element antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver. Foschini et.al. proposed a vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) system with a detection algorithm based on decision feedback. This system is computationally efficient and yet supporting a high data rate. However, the detection algorithm shows unsatisfactory performance when an equal number of antennas are employed at both ends. In this paper, a parallel detection algorithm is proposed to improve the performance in such scenarios. The detector consists of many low complexity sub-detectors, all of them operating in parallel on a sub-channel matrix. By selecting the submatrix appropriately the overall performance can be improved substantially.
IFN- <i>β</i> -Dependent Inhibition of Tumor Growth by the Vascular Disrupting Agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-Acetic Acid (DMXAA) (2008)

By attacking established tumor vasculature, vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) represent an alternative approach to the treatment of cancer. One such VDA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), is scheduled for phase III trials for prostate and lung cancer in combination with conventional chemotherapies. In this work, we identify interferon-beta (IFN-beta) as a central mediator in the host's response to DMXAA. In mice bearing Lewis lung adenocarcinomas, a single intraperitoneal dose of DMXAA was shown to effect a highly significant reduction in tumor growth rate in wild-type mice that was not seen in IFN-beta-null mice. Moreover, intratumoral cytokine expression was shown to be dependent on host-derived IFN-beta, as DMXAA-treated IFN-beta-null mice demonstrated a lack of induction of not only IFN-beta but also the antiangiogenic cytokine, IP-10, in excised tumor tissue. These results support the conclusion that DMXAA derives its potent anticancer properties in part through elicitation of IFN-beta expression by host-derived elements.
Chemiluminescent detection of bacteria: experimental and theoretical limits (1978)

The limit of sensitivity of the chemiluminescent assay for detection of bacteria by hemeprotein catalysis of luminol oxidation was determined, both experimentally and theoretically, to be no lower than 10(5) to 10(6) viable bacterial per ml.
Global Down-Regulation of Gene Expression in the Brain Using RNA Interference, with Emphasis on Monoamine Transporters and GPCRs: Implications for Target Characterization in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism for regulating gene expression, which exists in plants, invertebrates, and mammals. We investigated whether non-viral infusion of short interfering RNA (siRNA) by the intracerebroventricular route would enable a sequence-specific gene knockdown in the mouse brain and whether the knockdown translates into disease-relevant behavioral changes. Initially, we targeted enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in mice overexpressing EGFP. A selective knockdown of both EGFP protein and mRNA was observed throughout the brain, with lesser down-regulation in regions distal to the infusion site. We then targeted endogenous genes, encoding the dopamine (DAT) and serotonin transporters (SERT). DAT-siRNA infusion in adult mice produced a significant down-regulation of DAT mRNA and protein and elicited hyperlocomotion similar, but delayed, to that produced on infusion of GBR-12909, a potent and selective DAT inhibitor. Similarly, SERT-siRNA infusion resulted in significant knockdown of SERT mRNA and protein and elicited reduced immobility in the forced swim test similar to that obtained on infusion of citalopram, a very selective and potent SSRI. Application of this non-viral RNAi approach may accelerate target validation for neuropsychiatric disorders that involve a complex interplay of gene(s) from various brain regions.
Polymers, Water‐Soluble (2006)

Abstract Water‐soluble (co)polymers represent a diverse class of macromolecules ranging from naturally occurring biopolymers such as polysaccharides and most polypeptides to wholly man‐made materials. Such materials have found a wide‐range of applications. In this article we detail the synthesis and solution characteristics of both natural and synthetic polymers. Emphasis is placed on polynucleotides, polypeptides, and polysaccharides for naturally occurring polymers, while the discussion regarding synthetic materials is divided into sections dealing with neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic species. Special attention is given to recent advances in synthetic methodologies which now allow the tailoring of synthetic materials with precisely controlled microstructures, predetermined molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, and complex topologies. Finally, we detail some of the self‐assembly characteristics of both high molecular weight statistical copolymers and lower molecular weight block copolymers in aqueous media with an emphasis on those materials which undergo phase transitions and/or conformational changes in response to an applied stimulus.