gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annealing effects of tantalum films on Si and SiO2/Si substrates in various vacuums (2001)

The annealing effects of 550 nm thick β-Ta films sputtered on Si and SiO2 substrates have been investigated under various vacuum conditions. Phase transformation from the tetragonal β-Ta into body-centered-cubic α-Ta of much higher conductivity occurred at annealing temperatures lower than 500 °C and 80% of β-Ta transformed into α-Ta after annealing at 600 °C for Ta on a Si substrate. For Ta on a SiO2 substrate, no phase transformation was observed at 500 °C annealing, and only 20% of β-Ta transformed into α-Ta at 600 °C. Oxygen diffusion into the Ta film at the interface of Ta/SiO2 could hinder β-Ta to α-Ta transformation. Both Ta on Si and Ta on SiO2 samples have smooth surfaces after annealing in 2×10−5 Torr. After annealing in a vacuum lower than 2×10−4 Torr, surface oxidation of the Ta thin films was detected. The increase of oxygen content in the Ta films caused higher compressive stress, and resulted in the film peeling in a serpentine pattern during annealing at 500 °C in 2×10−2 Torr for Ta on a SiO2 substrate. The Ta films cracked and detached from the SiO2 substrate after being annealed at 750 °C in 2×10−2 Torr. In contrast, no crack was found in Ta on Si, probably because of the relief of film stress due to more β-Ta being transformed into α-Ta during annealing. The residual oxygen and moisture in low vacuum may build up stress in Ta thin films during thermal processes, which can cause major reliability problems in electronic and other applications.
Fast image matching for localization in deep-sea based on the simplified SIFT (scale invariant feature transform) algorithm (2007)

Image matching is one of the most important issues in object localization algorithms, while stable feature detection and representation is a fundamental component of many image matching algorithms. SIFT algorithm has been identified as the most resistant feature extraction method to common image deformations. In this paper, we use SSIFT (Simplified Scale Invariant Feature Transform) to solve the problem of image matching in non-structured underwater environments. Like SIFT, we construct a Gaussian pyramid and search for local peaks in a series of difference-of-Gaussian (DOG) images; however, instead of using local square image patch to assign orientation and build 128-element vector, we apply local circle image region and build only 12-element vector for each keypoint. The experiments have shown that SSIFT are more robust to image rotation, and more compact than the standard SIFT representation. We also present fast matching results using such descriptors for non-structured underwater objects.
Maintaining order in a linked list (1982)

We present a new representation for linked lists. This representation allows one to efficiently insert objects into the list and to quickly determine the order of list elements. The basic data structure, called an indexed 2-3 tree, allows one to do n inserts in O(nlogn) steps and to determine order in constant time. We speed up the algorithm by dividing the data structure up into log*n layers. The improved algorithm does n insertions and comparisons in O(nlog*n) steps. The paper concludes with two applications: determining ancestor relationships in a growing tree and maintaining a tree structured environment (context tree).
Optimal noncoherent detection of FSK signals transmitted over linearly time-selective Rayleigh fading channels (1997)

Linearly time-varying fading models are used to investigate noncoherent detection of frequency shift keying (FSK) signals transmitted over frequency-flat fading channels. The structure of the optimal noncoherent FSK detector is derived and a novel analytical technique is proposed to compute the error performance of noncoherent FSK detectors in fast fading. Error performance results obtained by computer simulation are in excellent agreement with the analytical predictions.
25.5 A 320GHz subharmonic-mixing coherent imager in 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS (2016)

Terahertz imaging has been gaining increasing attention for its emerging applications in security, biomedical and material characterization. Previous works have demonstrated terahertz imagers on silicon: in [1], the authors demonstrated a 280GHz 4×4 array and an 860GHz pixel using Schottky-barrier diodes; in [2], a 0.7-to-1.1THz 1k-pixel camera was presented. Unfortunately, most previous works are based on incoherent direct detection (Fig. 25.5.1), which causes low sensitivity due to the output droping quickly with input power (∝VRF2), and, as a result, need exceedingly high power sources for illumination. This problem can be alleviated by utilizing coherent heterodyne detection scheme (Fig. 25.5.1), in which the terahertz input (RF) mixes with a local oscillation (LO) signal and generates an output with the amplitude proportional to VRFVLO. As the LO power is normally significantly higher than RF, the sensitivity is much enhanced. Moreover, as the output also carries the RF phase information (φRF), digital beamforming is achievable. For a better comparison, an NPN transistor is configured both as a direct detector (input power injected from the emitter) and a heterodyne detector (-20dBm LO power pumped into the base). The simulated output current with different input power is shown in Fig. 25.5.1, in which we observe a sensitivity enhancement of more than 40dB. However, this coherent sensing scheme introduces a great challenge of synchronizing the frequencies of the transmitter (TX) radiated signal and the receiver (RX) LO. Fortunately, phase-locked terahertz sources have been demonstrated on silicon [3,4]. In this paper, a fully integrated 320GHz high-sensitivity coherent-imaging transceiver chipset is demonstrated.
Native cytokines do not bind to uromodulin (Tamm‐Horsfall glycoprotein) (1988)

Uromodulin bound with high affinity to human tumour necrosis factor (TNF) coated on microtitre plates. This interaction was not competitively inhibited by native TNF in solution. No interaction was observed between immobilized uromodulin and TNF in the liquid phase unless conditions were chosen which denatured the latter protein. Recombinant interleukin-1 alpha adsorbed on microtitre plates also interacted with uromodulin. However, gel filtration experiments demonstrated no interaction between the proteins in the liquid phase. These and additional results indicate that uromodulin interacts with denatured cytokines, but not with native, soluble cytokines.
Distillation: Principles and Practices (1998)

Distillation has been used for separating liquid mixtures for more than two thousand years, and it continues to be the most widely used separation technique in key industries throughout the industrialized world. Although the basic principles have remained the same since the days of the ancient Egyptians, new distillation and distillation control methods continue to be developed to satisfy a variety of highly specialized requirements. Distillation Principles and Practice is an indispensable working resource for distillation technicians working in the oil, petrochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Abnormal growth processes in plants and animals: a comparison. (1994)

Tumorigenesis in eukaryotic organisms is based on the deregulation of normal cell growth and development. This deregulation may be elicited by external as well as endogenous factors. We distinguish between benign and malignant growths depending on the inducing tumorigenic agents and on the genetic make-up of the affected organism. This review discusses similarities of neoplasmatic (epigenetic) and neoplastic transformations in plants and animals as well as inherent differences in the growth parameters between the two kingdoms. Examples given for neoplasmatic tissues are the hyperplasias and insect galls (zoocecidia) in plants and hypoplasia, aplasia and agenesis in animals (and man). Neoplastic transformation in plants is the result of either the incorporation of foreign nuclear material into the plant genome or an imbalance of inherited chromosomes (in hybrids). Examples for neoplasias are the crown gall disease and Kostoff's genetic tumors in plants, and the carcinomas and leukemias in animals. The more than 80 year old, but neglected, concept of a correlation between tumorigenesis in animals and plants has been revived through advances in molecular and cell biology and molecular genetics which will stimulate a new form of biological reasoning and thought, fueled by new insights into cellular regulatory processes.
Direct Laser Beam Writing on YBaCuO Film for Superconducting Microelectronic Devices (1988)

Patterning of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films has been accomplished using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a specially developed software for this purpose. Various structure of different dimensions and shapes have been generated. In contrast with other researchers this process does not require any mask and complete removal of the film material has been achieved. In addition the process does not suffer from the disadvantages/problems normally associated with photolithography, wet chemical etching and plasma etching of superconducting thin films. The process has tremendous potential particularly for fabricating superconducting microelectronic devices using Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films.
Autonomous Pedestrian Collision Avoidance Using a Fuzzy Steering Controller (2011)

Collision avoidance is one of the most difficult and challenging automatic driving operations in the domain of intelligent vehicles. In emergency situations, human drivers are more likely to brake than to steer, although the optimal maneuver would, more frequently, be steering alone. This statement suggests the use of automatic steering as a promising solution to avoid accidents in the future. The objective of this paper is to provide a collision avoidance system (CAS) for autonomous vehicles, focusing on pedestrian collision avoidance. The detection component involves a stereo-vision-based pedestrian detection system that provides suitable measurements of the time to collision. The collision avoidance maneuver is performed using fuzzy controllers for the actuators that mimic human behavior and reactions, along with a high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS), which provides the information needed for the autonomous navigation. The proposed system is evaluated in two steps. First, drivers' behavior and sensor accuracy are studied in experiments carried out by manual driving. This study will be used to define the parameters of the second step, in which automatic pedestrian collision avoidance is carried out at speeds of up to 30 km/h. The performed field tests provided encouraging results and proved the viability of the proposed approach.
Cast multibilayer films from polymerizable lipids (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCast multibilayer films from polymerizable lipidsNobuyuki Higashi, Tisato Kajiyama, Toyoki Kunitake, Werner Prass, Helmut Ringsdorf, and Atsushi TakaharaCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 1, 29–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00167a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering a Disulfide Bond in Recombinant Manganese Peroxidase Results in Increased Thermostability (2000)

Manganese peroxidase (MnP) produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which catalyzes the oxidation of Mn(2+) to Mn(3+) by hydrogen peroxide, was shown to be susceptible to thermal inactivation due to the loss of calcium [Sutherland, G. R. J.; Aust, S. D. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1996, 332, 128-134]. The recombinant enzyme, lacking glycosylation, was found to be more susceptible [Nie, G.; Reading, N. S.; Aust, S. D. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1999, 365, 328-334]. On the basis of the properties and structure of peanut peroxidase, we have engineered a disulfide bond near the distal calcium binding site of MnP by means of the double mutation A48C and A63C. The mutant enzyme had activity and spectral properties similar to those of native, glycosylated MnP. The thermostabilities of native, recombinant, and mutant MnP were studied as a function of temperature and pH. MnPA48C/A63C exhibited kinetics of inactivation similar to that of native MnP. The addition of calcium decreased the rate of thermal inactivation of the enzymes, while EGTA increased the rate of inactivation. Thermally treated MnPA48C/A63C mutant was shown to contain one calcium, and it retained a percentage of its original manganese oxidase activity; native and recombinant MnP were inactivated by the removal of calcium from the protein.
ANOMALOUS RETINAL VASCULATURE IN A PATIENT WITH A HISTORY OF AORTIC COARCTATION (2010)

Although aortic coarctation has been associated with arteriole corkscrew tortuosity and serpentine pulsation of arterioles, it can also be associated with an anomalous retinal vascular pattern.
Adaptive regenerative braking control in severe cornering for guaranteeing the vehicle stability of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (2011)

Front-wheel-drive electric vehicle has only 1 electric motor which is connected to the front drive axle. With this system constraint, regenerative braking by using an electric motor can be only applied on front wheels symmetrically. Additional mechanical friction braking can be independently applied on each of all wheels using brake by wire such as EMB (Electro-Mechanical Brake). During severe cornering with braking, excessive regenerative braking force distribution to the front axle for improving the fuel economy can cause the vehicle to approach its handling limit, i.e., if the front tires saturate first, the vehicle may plow out of the curve and is called to limit understeer. When the vehicle comes in a danger of crossing the limit, adaptive regenerative braking controller engages, assisting the driver to guarantee the vehicle stability. Controller can distribute an optimal regenerative brake torque and additional mechanical friction brake torques in order to prevent loss of control for the vehicle. Carsim™ software is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Charge transfer and partial oxidation in the conductive hydrocarbon-iodine complex "2perylene.cntdot.3I2" (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge transfer and partial oxidation in the conductive hydrocarbon-iodine complex "2perylene.cntdot.3I2"Robert C. Teitelbaum, Stanley L. Ruby, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 25, 7568–7573Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00519a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00519a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Lens Mounting Techniques</title> (1983)

This paper reviews a variety of techniques used for securing lenses in their mechanical surrounds and for the design of those surrounds so as to ensure proper function of the assembled parts in the intended environment. Mounting arrangements for individual lenses and for combinations of lenses are described briefly. The treatment progresses from simple, low-precision designs to more complex and higher precision versions. Component sizes considered here range from a few centimeters to tens of centimeters in diameter. Techniques for analyzing glass-to-metal interface designs to determine their adequacy when exposed to varying environmental conditions are summarized.
Theory of Polyhedral Molecules. III. Population Analyses and Reactivities for the Carboranes (1962)

Population analyses of the molecular orbitals of the polyhedral carboranes, BN—2C2HN, are computed. All the geometrical isomers of the trigonal, tetragonal, pentagonal bipyramid, and the icosahedron geometries are analyzed, and predictions made of the reactivities of these compounds and their derivatives. A comparison is also made between an LCAO-MO charge distribution and one derived from the three-center bond formalism.
Growth-Regulated Oncogene Is Pivotal in Thrombin-Induced Angiogenesis (2006)

The mechanism of thrombin-induced angiogenesis is poorly understood. Using a gene chip array to investigate the pro-malignant phenotype of thrombin-stimulated cells, we observed that thrombin markedly up-regulates growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) in several tumor cell lines as well as endothelial cells by mRNA and protein analysis. Thrombin enhanced the secretion of GRO-alpha from tumor cells 25- to 64-fold. GRO-alpha is a CXC chemokine with tumor-associated angiogenic as well as oncogenic activation following ligation of its CXCR2 receptor. GRO-alpha enhanced angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay 2.2-fold, providing direct evidence for GRO-alpha as an angiogenic growth factor. Anti-GRO-alpha antibody completely inhibited the 2.7-fold thrombin-induced up-regulation of angiogenesis, as well as the 1.5-fold thrombin-induced up-regulation of both endothelial cell cord formation in Matrigel and growth in vitro. Thrombin as well as its PAR-1 receptor activation peptide [thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP)] as well as GRO-alpha all markedly increased vascular regulatory proteins and growth factors: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), CD31, and receptors KDR and CXCR2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. All of the thrombin/TRAP gene up-regulations were completely inhibited by anti-GRO-alpha antibody and unaffected by irrelevant antibody. Similar inhibition of gene up-regulation as well as thrombin-induced chemotaxis was noted with small interfering RNA (shRNA) GRO-alpha KD 4T1 breast tumor and B16F10 melanoma cells. In vivo tumor growth studies in wild-type mice with shRNA GRO-alpha KD cells revealed 2- to 4-fold impaired tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, which was not affected by endogenous thrombin. Thus, thrombin-induced angiogenesis requires the up-regulation of GRO-alpha. Thrombin up-regulation of GRO-alpha in tumor cells as well as endothelial cells contributes to tumor angiogenesis.
Adaptive Bloom filters for multicast addressing (2011)

In-packet Bloom filters are recently proposed as a possible building block of future Internet architectures replacing IP or MPLS addressing that solves efficient multicast routing, security and other functions in a stateless manner. In such frameworks a bloom filter is placed in the header which stores the addresses of the destination nodes or the traversed links. In contrast to the standard Bloom filter, the length of the in-packet Bloom filter must be highly adaptive to the number of stored elements to achieve low communication overhead. In this paper we propose a novel type of Bloom filter called Adaptive Bloom filter, which can adapt its length to the number of elements to be represented with a very fine granularity. The novel filter can significantly reduce the header size for in-packet bloom filter architecture, by eliminating the wasting effect experienced in existing “block-based” approaches which rely on concatenating several standard Bloom filters. Nevertheless, it requires slightly more calculations when adding and removing elements.
An Acoustic Sensor for the Viper Infrared Sniper Detection System (1999)

An acoustic muzzle blast sensor has been developed and integrated with the Viper sniper detection system. The system uses an infrared (IR) camera and digital signal processing to detect the muzzle flash of a sniper's weapon. The IR detection is essentially instantaneous and gives the bearing to the target within 70 milliseconds of the shot. However, a single camera IR method can not reliably give a range to target. An acoustic sensor and associated signal processing algorithm have been developed to act as a simple filter to detect the acoustic signature of a rifle shot. The difference in the time of arrival between the infrared and the acoustic signatures is used for range determination. In addition to the ranging function, acoustic detection can be used to reject false IR muzzle flash detection caused by phenomena such as sun glints. A verification method is used where each IR detection opens a range gate and if there is an acoustic detection before the gate closes the IR detection is verified.
Validation of the Coin Rotation Test (2010)

These results support the utility of the Coin Rotation Test as a convenient and inexpensive psychomotor processing speed screening tool in clinical settings.
Complications of Titanium and Stainless Steel Elastic Nail Fixation of Pediatric Femoral Fractures (2008)

Our results indicate that the less expensive stainless steel elastic nails are clinically superior to titanium nails for pediatric femoral fixation primarily because of a much lower rate of malunion.