gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line speaking rate estimation using Gaussian mixture models (2002)

Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are a widespread tool in applications like speaker identification or verification. In contrast to hidden Markov models (HMM) Gaussian mixture models are designed to model the general properties of an underlying acoustic source. In our paper we extend the application of GMMs to the assessment of speaking rate. Directly trained on the acoustic data, they can be either applied directly to estimate the speech rate category or-with the help of a mapping function-they can provide a continuous measure for the speaking rate. The mapping function can be realized by means of a neural net. First experiments showed a correlation coefficient of 0.66 between the lexical phoneme rate and our estimation based on speech rate dependent spectral variation. Moreover, our approach can be used simultaneously for high accuracy on-line gender detection.
Phenylalkylsulfonyl Derivatives as Covalent Inhibitors of Penicillin Amidase (1984)

It was demonstrated that phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride-a very potent inhibitor of penicillin amidase from Escherichia coli-binds covalently to the enzyme in molar ratio 1:1. The chloride, the azide and the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of phenylmethanesulfonic acid are also very strong inactivators of the amidase. Weaker inhibition was noted with para-substituted phenylmethanesulfonyl chlorides and with phenylethanesulfonyl and alkylsulfonyl chlorides. The inactivated amidase could be reactivated by incubation either with 6-amino-penicillanic acid or with proteins from E. coli extract. Benzyl isocyanate is also a potent covalent inhibitor of the amidase but inactivated amidase could be not reactivated in this way. It was demonstrated that representatives of all inactivator types bind to one active site of the amidase. Interdependence between inactivation rate and stability of some sulfonyl inhibitors was observed. No inhibition was noted the amide, the hydrazide and the methyl ester of phenylmethanesulfonic acid.
Optimal Inversion of the Generalized Anscombe Transformation for Poisson-Gaussian Noise (2012)

Many digital imaging devices operate by successive photon-to-electron, electron-to-voltage, and voltage-to-digit conversions. These processes are subject to various signal-dependent errors, which are typically modeled as Poisson-Gaussian noise. The removal of such noise can be effected indirectly by applying a variance-stabilizing transformation (VST) to the noisy data, denoising the stabilized data with a Gaussian denoising algorithm, and finally applying an inverse VST to the denoised data. The generalized Anscombe transformation (GAT) is often used for variance stabilization, but its unbiased inverse transformation has not been rigorously studied in the past. We introduce the exact unbiased inverse of the GAT and show that it plays an integral part in ensuring accurate denoising results. We demonstrate that this exact inverse leads to state-of-the-art results without any notable increase in the computational complexity compared to the other inverses. We also show that this inverse is optimal in the sense that it can be interpreted as a maximum likelihood inverse. Moreover, we thoroughly analyze the behavior of the proposed inverse, which also enables us to derive a closed-form approximation for it. This paper generalizes our work on the exact unbiased inverse of the Anscombe transformation, which we have presented earlier for the removal of pure Poisson noise.
Potential Anticancer Agents.<sup>1</sup> XLIV. Some Derivatives of Uracil-5- and -6-carboxylic Acid (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 XLIV. Some Derivatives of Uracil-5- and -6-carboxylic AcidLEONARD O. ROSS, LEON GOODMAN, and B. R. BAKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 11, 1950–1953Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01081a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01081a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose Stimulates Glucagon Release in Single Rat α-Cells by Mechanisms that Mirror the Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in β-Cells (2005)

In isolated rat pancreatic alpha-cells, glucose, arginine, and the sulfonylurea tolbutamide stimulated glucagon release. The effect of glucose was abolished by the KATP-channel opener diazoxide as well as by mannoheptulose and azide, inhibitors of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism. Glucose inhibited KATP-channel activity by 30% (P<0.05; n=5) and doubled the free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. In cell-attached recordings, azide opened KATP channels. The N-type Ca2+-channel blocker omega-conotoxin and the Na+-channel blocker tetrodotoxin inhibited glucose-induced glucagon release whereas tetraethylammonium, a blocker of delayed rectifying K+ channels, increased secretion. Glucagon release increased monotonically with increasing K+ concentrations. omega-Conotoxin suppressed glucagon release to 15 mM K+, whereas a combination of omega-conotoxin and an L-type Ca2+-channel inhibitor was required to abrogate secretion in 50 mM K+. Recordings of cell capacitance revealed that glucose increased the exocytotic response evoked by membrane depolarization 3-fold. This correlated with a doubling of glucagon secretion by glucose in intact rat islets exposed to diazoxide and high K+. In whole-cell experiments, exocytosis was stimulated by reducing the cytoplasmic ADP concentration, whereas changes of the ATP concentration in the physiological range had little effect. We conclude that glucose stimulates glucagon release from isolated rat alpha-cells by KATP-channel closure and stimulation of Ca2+ influx through N-type Ca2+ channels. Glucose also stimulated exocytosis by an amplifying mechanism, probably involving changes in adenine nucleotides. The stimulatory action of glucose in isolated alpha-cells contrasts with the suppressive effect of the sugar in intact islets and highlights the primary importance of islet paracrine signaling in the regulation of glucagon release.
CMOS/SOS frequency synthesizer LSI circuit for spread spectrum communications (1984)

Using a 3.5-/spl mu/m gate length complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor/silicon-on-sapphire technology, a single-chip, radiation-hardened, direct digital frequency synthesizer has been developed. The circuit is a critical component of a fast-tuning wideband frequency synthesizer for spread spectrum satellite communications. During each clock period the chip generates a new digitized sample of a sine wave, whose frequency is variable in 2/SUP 20/ steps from DC to one-half the clock frequency. Operation at up to 7.5 MHz is possible in a worst-case environment, including ionizing radiation levels up to 3/spl times/10/SUP 5/ rads(Si). A computationally efficient algorithm was chosen, resulting in 12-bit output precision with only 1084 logic gates and 3840 bits of on-chip read-only memory. The accuracy of the algorithm is sufficient to maintain in-band spurious frequency components below -65 dBc. At 300 mW, the chip replaces an MSI implementation which uses 25 integrated circuits and consumes 3.5 W.
Homogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> conversion by microwave plasma: Wave propagation and diagnostics (2016)

A suite of diagnostics is proposed to characterize microwave plasma dissociation of CO 2 : laser scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and passive emission imaging. It provides a comprehensive performance characterization as is illustrated on the basis of experiments in a 2.45 GHz, 1 kW microwave reactor with tangential gas injection. For example, two operating regimes are identified as function of pressure: the diffuse and constricted plasma mode. Their occurrence is explained by evaluation of microwave propagation, which changes with the electron‐heavy particle collision frequency v e−h . In the diffuse mode, gas temperatures of 1500–3500 K are determined. The measured conversion degree, specific energy input, and temperature are summarized in a two‐temperature thermal model, which is solved to obtain the gas temperature at the periphery of the reactor and the size of the hot zone. Solutions are found with edge temperatures of hundreds of K, and hot zone fractions which agree with the measured behavior. The agreement shows that non‐thermal processes play only a marginal role in the measured parameter space of the diffuse discharge. In the constricted mode, the radial plasma size is independent of power. A skin depth equal to the plasma size corresponds to electron densities of 10 18 –10 19 m −3 . Temperatures in the central filament are in the range 3000–5000 K. Both discharge modes are up to 50% energy efficient in CO production. Rayleigh signals increase in the afterglow, hinting at rapid gas cooling assuming that the gas composition remains unchanged.
Essential Algorithms: A Practical Approach to Computer Algorithms (2013)

A friendly and accessible introduction to the most useful algorithms Computer algorithms are the basic recipes for programming. Professional programmers need to know how to use algorithms to solve difficult programming problems. Written in simple, intuitive English, this book describes how and when to use the most practical classic algorithms, and even how to create new algorithms to meet future needs. The book also includes a collection of questions that can help readers prepare for a programming job interview. Reveals methods for manipulating common data structures s
Livestock Tractor-Trailer Ventilation and Drag Studies (1984)

ABSTRACT Awind tunnel evaluation of the ventilation and drag characteristics of a conventional unmodified and a modified model single deck tractor-trailer livestock truck at zero degrees yaw angle has been made. The modified model utilizes a streamlined forebody with an enclosed gap, and was evaluated both with and without a tailgate and a forward facing ram air inlet. All experiments were performed with the trailer empty (no livestock). Increasing the fraction of open area of the trailer sides of each vehicle evaluated resulted in increased trailer ventilation and increased vehicle drag. Removing the tailgate of each vehicle evaluated resulted in increased vehicle ventilation with no significant change in vehicle drag. Relative to the unmodified livestock truck, increases in trailer ventilation and reductions in vehicle drag were obtained with the modified model, both with and without the ram air inlet.
Mining the Query Logs of a Chinese Web Search Engine for Character Usage Analysis (2006)

The use of non-English Web search engines has been prevalent. Given the popularity of Chinese Web searching and the unique characteristics of Chinese language, it is imperative to conduct studies with focuses on the analysis of Chinese Web search queries. In this paper, we report our research on the character usage of Chinese search logs from Web search engine in Hong Kong. By examining the distribution of search queries terms, we found that people intended to use more diversified terms and that the usage of characters in search queries was quite different from the character usage of both general online information in Chinese and Web search queries in English. We believe the findings from this study have provided some insights into further research in non-English Web searching and will assist in the design of more effective Chinese Website search engines.
The pharmacology of oral anticoagulants: implications for therapy. (1993)

All oral anticoagulants act by producing a functional deficiency of vitamin K, thereby impairing the normal synthesis of factors II, VII, IX and X. All, except dicumarol, are well absorbed after oral administration. They are highly protein bound and are mainly metabolized in the liver. A number of factors such as altered absorption, distribution, elimination, genetic factors, aging, vitamin K excess or deficiency, alterations in the level of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors and drug interactions may affect response to oral anticoagulants. Adverse effects include hemorrhage, skin necrosis and teratogenicity. Phenindione can also cause serious hypersensitivity reactions. Five oral anticoagulants are available in Europe, although warfarin, phenprocoumon and nicoumalone (acenocumarol) are the most commonly used agents. The choice of oral anticoagulant is often influenced by previous experience and familiarity, but in a survey of 22 clinical pharmacologists in 12 countries of Europe, warfarin (57%) or phenprocoumon (24%) were the agents recommended most often in clinical practice.
Molecular Methods for Virus Detection (1992)

Viral nucleic acid detection methods have improved considerably in the last 15 years. Some of the most important improvements—target and signal amplification technologies—a re reviewed in this article. Combinations of these methods could improve our ability to detect viral nucleic acids in the future.
Anagram: A Content Anomaly Detector Resistant to Mimicry Attack (2006)

In this paper, we present Anagram, a content anomaly detector that models a mixture of high-order n-grams (n > 1) designed to detect anomalous and "suspicious" network packet payloads. By using higher-order n-grams, Anagram can detect significant anomalous byte sequences and generate robust signatures of validated malicious packet content. The Anagram content models are implemented using highly efficient Bloom filters, reducing space requirements and enabling privacy-preserving cross-site correlation. The sensor models the distinct content flow of a network or host using a semi-supervised training regimen. Previously known exploits, extracted from the signatures of an IDS, are likewise modeled in a Bloom filter and are used during training as well as detection time. We demonstrate that Anagram can identify anomalous traffic with high accuracy and low false positive rates. Anagram's high-order n-gram analysis technique is also resilient against simple mimicry attacks that blend exploits with "normal" appearing byte padding, such as the blended polymorphic attack recently demonstrated in [1]. We discuss randomized n-gram models, which further raises the bar and makes it more difficult for attackers to build precise packet structures to evade Anagram even if they know the distribution of the local site content flow. Finally, Anagram's speed and high detection rate makes it valuable not only as a standalone sensor, but also as a network anomaly flow classifier in an instrumented fault-tolerant host-based environment; this enables significant cost amortization and the possibility of a "symbiotic" feedback loop that can improve accuracy and reduce false positive rates over time.
Optimal partitioning in distributed model predictive control (2004)

In this paper we develop the algorithms for optimal partitioning of a distributed control system into subsystems of manageable size for which control actions are found using model predictive control (MPC) technology. We will first define a realization-invariant weighting matrix to represent the distributed system as a directed graph. We then develop a formulation in which an open loop performance metric is used to partition the distributed system into subsystem in which local MPC problems will be solved. This partitioning however is balanced against the closed loop cost of the control actions for the overall distributed system. Effective algorithms for the distributed control of the large-scale systems are then proposed. Future work will include the study of the effect of the constraints in the partitioning, and the development of efficient problem formulations aimed at improving numerical properties of the proposed control algorithms.
Mode areas and field-energy distribution in honeycomb photonic bandgap fibers (2003)

The field-energy distributions and effective mode areas of silica-based photonic bandgap fibers with a honeycomb air-hole structure in the cladding and an extra air hole defining the core are investigated. We present a generalization of the common effective-area definition, suitable for the problem at hand, and compare the results for the photonic bandgap fibers with those of index-guiding microstructured fibers. While the majority of the field energy in the honeycomb photonic bandgap fibers is found to reside in the silica, a substantial fraction (up to ∼30%) can be located in the air holes. This property may show such fibers as particularly interesting for sensor applications, especially those based on nonlinear effects or interaction with other structures (e.g., Bragg gratings) in the glass.
"Una nación inclinada al ruido de las armas". La presencia irlandesa en los ejércitos españoles, 1580-1818: ¿la historia de un éxito? (2004)

El articulo hace un repaso a la importancia de la presencia irlandesa en los ejercitos espanoles desde los tiempos de Felipe II hasta el final de la Guerra de la Independencia, centrandose en las diversas estrategias de adaptacion de los irlandeses, el grado de integracion, y la evolucion cronologica de su presencia.
Histochemical Method for Detecting Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Cell Cultures (1997)

NADPH diaphorase histochemistry has been used extensively for detecting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in various cell types including neuronal cell bodies, vascular endothelium, cells of the immune system and epithelial cells. The use of the diaphorase technique in cell cultures to study the induction of NOS has not been investigated. In this paper we report the use of diaphorase histochemistry as a good marker for the detection of NOS activity in cultured cells. This technique can be used in conjunction with other established techniques to determine the presence and activity of NOS in cultured cells.
Lateral membrane LXA<sub>4</sub> receptors mediate LXA<sub>4</sub>'s anti-inflammatory actions on intestinal epithelium (2003)

Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) and its stable analogs downregulate chemokine secretion in polarized epithelia. This anti-inflammatory effect has been suggested to be mediated by the LXA(4) receptor (LXA(4)R), a G protein-coupled receptor. To determine whether LXA(4)R is expressed on the apical, basolateral, or both poles of intestinal epithelia, an NH(2)-terminal c-myc epitope tag was added to the human LXA(4)R cDNA and recombinant retroviruses were used to transduce polarized epithelial cells. In polarized T84 intestinal epithelial cells, c-myc-LXA(4)R was preferentially expressed on the basolateral surface as indicated by cell surface-selective biotinylation and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, expression of c-myc-LXA(4)R and a truncation mutant lacking the cytoplasmic terminus was primarily confined to the lateral subdomain. We also observed that the expression of myc-LXA(4) conferred enhanced downregulation of IL-8 expression in response to LXA(4) analog and that blockade of the CysLT1 receptor by montelukast did not prevent this response to LXA(4) analog. Thus LXA(4) generated in or near the paracellular space via neutrophil-epithelial interactions can rapidly act on epithelial LXA(4)R to downregulate epithelial promotion of intestinal inflammation.
Mn SOD activity and protein in a patient with chromosome 6-linked autosomal recessive parkinsonism in comparison with Parkinson's disease and control (1997)

We report Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein and activity in a patient with familial autosomal recessive Lewy body-negative parkinsonism in comparison with patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls. We recently proved linkage of this family with markers of chromosome 6 at 6q25.2-27, which included the Mn SOD gene. We used a novel polymorphic mutation at -9 position of the signal peptide of the Mn SOD precursor protein, which caused valine to alanine substitution. All the affected members of this family showed homozygosity for alanine, whereas nonaffected members, sporadic PD patients, and the control subjects studied showed either heterozygosity of alanine and valine or homozygosity of valine. The Mn SOD activity of this familial patient was the highest among the PD patients and the control subjects studied, and an abundant expression of Mn SOD was found in the substantia nigra. The molecular weight of Mn SOD protein by Western blotting of this patient was essentially similar to that of PD patients and the control subjects. High Mn SOD activity may constitute a genetic risk factor in this familial patient. The difference in the signal peptide sequence may affect the expression of Mn SOD within mitochondria; however, it is unlikely that loss of function type Mn SOD mutation is the cause of this familial parkinsonism. Mn SOD in sporadic PD patients was similar to that in controls.
[Multiple organ system failure: analysis of oximetry parameters among survivors and non-survivors]. (1993)

The authors have studied the relationship between SvO2 and many parameters of oxygenation in MOSF patients specially in surviving patients and not surviving ones. They found that there is a close correlation between SvO2 and CI in the survivors indicates that, in these patients, we can increase cardiac activity to improve the cellular demand.
Molecular docking COVID-19 (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 drug discovery through molecular docking
DNA Topoisomerase Protocols (1999)

Beginning with the Escherichia coli co protein, or bacterial DNA topoisomerase I, an ever-increasing number of enzymes has been identified that catalyze changes in the linkage of DNA strands. DNA topo
Character controllers using motion VAEs (2020)

A fundamental problem in computer animation is that of realizing purposeful and realistic human movement given a sufficiently-rich set of motion capture clips. We learn data-driven generative models of human movement using autoregressive conditional variational autoencoders, or Motion VAEs. The latent variables of the learned autoencoder define the action space for the movement and thereby govern its evolution over time. Planning or control algorithms can then use this action space to generate desired motions. In particular, we use deep reinforcement learning to learn controllers that achieve goal-directed movements. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on multiple tasks. We further evaluate system-design choices and describe the current limitations of Motion VAEs.
Studies on the immunogenicity of seven attenuated lines of<i>Eimeria</i>given as a mixture to chickens (1986)

The ability of attenuated lines of all the seven species of Eimeria which infect the chicken to provide protection against challenge with virulent strains was examined. The parasites were given as a mixture of all seven species to chickens kept on litter in floor pens, by spraying an aqueous suspension of oocysts on to the surface of food in troughs within the floor pens. Treated chickens were challenged 4 weeks later with virulent strains, and changes in weight gain and the presence of gross intestinal lesions were determined. When used in this way, as freshly passaged oocysts or after storage for 3 or 6 months, the consistently good protection afforded by the attenuated lines suggests that they could be applied in the control of coccidiosis in the field.