gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant electro-optic effect of PMN-33%PT single crystals under proper AC electric field bias (2003)

In this paper, electro-optic properties of 0.67Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)0<sub>3</sub>-0.33PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (PMN-33%PT) single crystals under proper AC bias are reported. It is found that PMN-33%PT has an extremely large linear electro-optic coefficient, r<sub>33</sub> ~9800 pm/V under proper AC bias. Besides this huge electro-optic coefficient, PMN-33%PT crystals also have very good optical quality and the random scatterings caused by the multiple domains can be totally removed by the AC bias. Furthermore, unlike KTN, PMN-PT has a much higher phase transition temperature (~175°C), which is sufficiently away from the room temperature so that a good thermal stability can be achieved. The combinations of giant electro-optic coefficient, good optical quality, and high thermal stability may make PMN-33%PT the best electro-optic material among all electro-optic crystals developed so far, which could revolutionize applications of electro-optic crystals to telecommunications, medical imaging, et al. This research may also help to understand the mechanism underlying the ultrahigh performance of this new generation of single crystal materials (e.g., PZN-PT, PMN-PT) via the interaction between crystal internal structures and external AC electric field, which may stimulate further interest in the fundamental theory of ferroelectrices under changing electric field that could direct improving the quality of existing ferroelectric crystals and developing new ferroelectric crystals.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Macrocyclic Ligands with Pendent Donor Groups as Potential Yttrium Chelators for Radioimmunotherapy with Improved Complex Formation Kinetics (2002)

Novel 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N' '-triacetic acid (NOTA) based octadentate ligands [2-(4,7-biscarboxymethyl[1,4,7]triazacyclononan-1-ylethyl)carbonylmethylamino]acetic acid tetrahydrochloride (1) and [3-(4,7-biscarboxymethyl[1,4,7]triazacyclononan-1-yl-propyl)carbonylmethylamino]acetic acid tetrahydrochloride (2) with pendent donor groups as potential yttrium chelators for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) have been prepared via a convenient and high-yield cyclization route. The complexation kinetics of the novel chelates with Y(III) was investigated and compared to that of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N' ',N" '-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), a macrocyclic chelating agent well recognized as forming very stable complexes with yttrium but also limited in usage because of slow Y(III) complex formation rates. The in vitro stability of the corresponding (88)Y-labeled complexes in human serum was assessed by measuring the release of (88)Y from the complexes over 14 days. The in vivo biodistribution of (86)Y-labeled 1 in mice was evaluated and compared to that of the (86)Y-DOTA complex. Formation of the Y complex of 1 was significantly more rapid than that of either 2 or DOTA. Serum stability of the (88)Y complex formed with 1 was equivalent to the DOTA complex, while the complex formed with 2 proved to be significantly unstable. The results obtained from a biodistribution study indicate that the (86)Y-1 complex possesses in vivo stability comparable to the analogous DOTA complex.
Radioactive Labeling Study and FTIR Measurements of Methanol Adsorption and Oxidation on Fuel Cell Catalysts (2002)

Abstract The adsorption and the electrooxidation of methanol‐derived surface CO on fuel‐cell grade platinum and platinum‐ruthenium alloy nanoparticle catalysts were studied using a combination of electrochemical measurements and radioactive labeling (thin foil radioactive labeling technique) and in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The kinetics of formation of surface and bulk products coming from methanol and surface/bulk exchange processes were found to be significantly different on Pt compared to Pt/Ru. The observed difference in the kinetics of CO adsorption underlines the electronic effect in the surface catalytic activity due to modification of the electronic structure of surface platinum atoms by ruthenium. Correlation between FTIR and radiolabeling measurements indicated that the adsorption of CO from methanol is a very slow process at low potential but that the coverage by CO poison is greater at higher potential. Then, the results obtained from both analytical techniques (in situ IR reflectance spectroscopy and radioactive labeling method) displayed very good agreement and allowed us to validate them for the investigation of the methanol oxidation mechanism.
Application of Global Loops on ULSI Routing for DfY (2006)

The number of circuit malfunctions due to opens increases with shrinking technologies. This requires reconsidering traditional tree based routing approaches for signal wiring. In this paper, we apply global loops to generate robust net topologies which are fully immune against single open faults. We show that the solution of the traveling salesperson problem yields a nearly optimal solution to the two edge connected subgraph problem. Additionally, we introduce a heuristic for finding additional segments which significantly reduce the delay. As result the critical area reduction is better than in previous published approaches which augment minimum Steiner trees
High throughput DNA sequencing using an automated electrophoresis analysis system and a novel sequence assembly program. (1993)

The combination of high-resolution scanning, image-databasing technology and sequence assembly software makes it possible to assemble contiguous overlapping sequences of DNA in a fraction of the time required by manual methods. This paper describes and evaluates an assembly program that rapidly generates contigs from scanned images and provides a unique ability to verify disagreements between overlapping strands or fragments of complementary DNA sequences on-screen, further increasing sequencing throughput.
Modulation of 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colon tumor cell lines by azidothymidine. (1996)

5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45), is clinically used in the treatment of several solid tumors, including colorectal, head and neck, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. The drug effectively inhibits deoxynucleoside triphosphate de novo synthesis. However, this inhibition can be circumvented by increased thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) activity. In the present study we examined the effects of 5-FU combined with azidothymidine (AZT), a competitive inhibitor of thymidine kinase in human colon tumor cells in vitro, including three 5-FU resistant cell lines. The cells were simultaneously incubated with various concentrations of 5-FU (0.015 to 150 microM) and AZT (20 to 300 microM) for 6 days. 5-FU alone yielded an IC50 of 18 microM in the parental CCL 227 cell line and IC50s of 470 and 1100 microM in the 5-FU resistant cell lines as determined by a MTT chemosensitivity assay. Addition of 100 microM AZT alone, a drug concentration that can be achieved in patients, had no effect on the growth of the cell lines examined. However, when added simultaneously with 5-FU, the IC50s of 5-FU synergistically decreased to 10 microM in the sensitive and to 360 or 760 microM in the resistant cell lines, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the combination of 5-FU with AZT synergistically inhibited the growth of 5-FU resistant cells, suggesting the use of 5-FU in combination with AZT for the treatment of 5-FU sensitive as well as resistant human colon tumors.
SAA Pipeline Code, 1987 Edition Application and Implications (1989)

SAA Pipeline Codes evolved from those used in the USA and, until 1987, were very similar. This paper examines some of the changes that were made to the original SAA pipeline codes when the committee decided to combine them into a single national pipeline code and review and revise the requirements in the light of Australian experience in the Australian environment. It was decided that a better code would result if the committee avoided as far as possible specifying particular methods and, instead, identified and defined the objectives. The means of achieving the end result would be left to the user of the code. Where considered desirable methods that have been found suitable would be described to help but not direct the user. The changes discussed are those which during the work of the code committee were the most contentious. Generally these represent the greatest departures from the requirements of earlier codes. They are: -Classification of locations - Field pressure testing - Use of actual yield strength - Combination of tri-axial stresses - Stress limits - Protection from external damage - Changes in operating conditions - Field welding - Stress corrosion cracking.
Stress Evaluation and Model Validation Using Laser Ultrasonics (1999)

Rayleigh surface waves can be used to evaluate surface stresses and through-thickness stress gradients based on acoustoelasticity. Laser based ultrasonic techniques, which generate and detect surface waves, have the advantages of good spatial resolution and remote operation. The techniques have many potential applications. This is the final report of a LDRD project that is the first to exploit the benefits of laser ultrasonics for stress and stress gradient evaluation.
Involvement of the Conserved Adaptor Protein Alix in Actin Cytoskeleton Assembly (2006)

The conserved adaptor protein Alix, also called AIP1 or Hp95, promotes flattening and alignment of cultured mammalian fibroblasts; however, the mechanism by which Alix regulates fibroblast morphology is not understood. Here we demonstrate that Alix in WI38 cells, which require Alix expression for maintaining typical fibroblast morphology, associates with filamentous actin (F-actin) and F-actin-based structures lamellipodia and stress fibers. Reducing Alix expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreases F-actin content and inhibits stress fiber assembly. In cell-free systems, Alix directly interacts with F-actin at both the N-terminal Bro1 domain and the C-terminal proline-rich domain. In Alix immunoprecipitates from WI38 cell lysates, actin is the most abundant partner protein of Alix. In addition, the N-terminal half of the middle region of Alix binds cortactin, an activator of the ARP2/3 complex-mediated initiation of actin polymerization. Alix is required for lamellipodial localization of cortactin. The C-terminal half of the middle region of Alix interacts with alpha-actinin, a key factor that bundles F-actin in stress fibers. Alix knockdown decreases the amount of alpha-actinin that associates with F-actin. These findings establish crucial involvement of Alix in actin cytoskeleton assembly.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Tetraphenylmethane-Based Molecular Materials for Light-Emitting Devices (2001)

Tetraphenylmethane-based compounds, tetrakis(4-(5-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-oxadiazolyl)phenyl)methane (TBUOXD), tetrakis(4-(5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxadiazolyl)phenyl)methane (OMEOXD), tetrakis(4-(5-(3-(α,α,α-trifluoromethylphenyl))-2-oxadiazolyl)phenyl)methane (CF3OXD), tetrakis(4-(5-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-2-oxadiazolyl)phenyl)methane (p-TPAOXD), and tetrakis(3-(5-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-2-oxadiazolyl)phenyl)methane (m-TPAOXD), were synthesized. These compounds were characterized by NMR, microanalysis, UV−visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, DSC, and TGA. TBUOXD, OMEOXD, and CF3OXD showed rather similar electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics to those of the hole-blocking material 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD). However, TBUOXD, OMEOXD, and CF3OXD all crystallize well above 200 °C, much higher than the 70−90 °C observed for PBD. In addition, high onset glass transition temperatures of 97−175 °C were detected for the compounds. Both CF3OXD and PBD were adopted as a hole-blocking layer in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). A comparable performance with an external quantum efficiency of ∼1% was obtained for devices based on both CF3OXD and PBD, although a much lower allowed current density was found for the CF3OXD-based device. The bipolar blue fluorescent isomers p-TPAOXD and m-TPAOXD are both amorphous, showing no melting and crystallization transition. Only glass transitions at 187 and 149 °C were observed respectively. Single-layer OLEDs based on these two compounds were also fabricated by varied fabrication conditions (solvent, cathode material, film thickness, polymer blending). A turn-on voltage as low as 4 V, blue electroluminescence with an intensity of 1700 cd/m2, and a photometric efficiency more than 0.8 cd/A can be achieved with p-TPAOXD-based devices.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the spleen (1998)

A case is presented of CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the spleen. The patient, a 61 year old woman with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was seen for the sudden development of splenomegaly with thrombocytopenia. A splenectomy was performed which showed massive replacement of the spleen by a population of large atypical lymphoid cells showing bizarre nuclear forms and multinucleated tumor cells reminiscent of Reed-Sternberg cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong membrane and dot-like paranuclear positivity in the majority of the atypical cells for CD30, with coexpression in many of the cells for CD15. Additionally, the cells also strongly reacted with CD3, UCHL-1, EMA and LCA. The present case illustrates an unusual variant of anaplastic (CD30+) large cell lymphoma sharing histologic and immunophenotypic features that overlap with those of Hodgkin's disease. The history in this patient of CLL with sudden development of splenomegaly raises the possibility of transformation of CLL into a high-grade lymphoma (Richter's syndrome). The possible pathogenetic implications of this phenomenon are discussed.
Evaluation of the humoral immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with a naked DNA vaccine anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (2006)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the major pathogen involved in nosocomial infections, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality in hospitals worldwide. The methicillin resistance occurs due to the presence of an additional penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a, which has low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. In the past few years, vancomycin has been the only antibiotic option for treatment of infections caused by multiresistant MRSA; however, reports of vancomycin-resistant strains have generated great concerns regarding the treatment to overcome these infections. In the present study, we report preliminary results regarding the humoral immune response generated in BALB/c mice by two different doses of naked DNA vaccine containing an internal region, comprising the serine-protease domain, of the PBP2a of MRSA. The immunization procedure consisted of four immunizations given intramuscularly within 15-day intervals. Blood was collect weekly and anti-PBP2a-specific antibodies were screened by ELISA. BALB/c mice immunized with DNA vaccine anti-PBP2a have shown higher antibody titers mainly after the fourth immunization, and intriguingly, no correlation between the humoral immune response and DNA dose was observed. Our results suggest that the DNA vaccine anti-PBP2a induced an immune response by production of specific antibodies anti-MRSA in a non-dose-dependent manner, and it could represent a new and valuable approach to produce specific antibodies for passive immunization to overcome MRSA infections.
Heterocyclic tautomerisms. II. An investigation of the 2‐arylbenzothiazoline 2‐(benzylideneamino)thiophenol tautomerism. Part 2 (1968)

Abstract The reaction between 4‐mercaptoaniline and various aromatic aldehydes was studied as a model system in order to determine which type of substitution on the aryl group in 2‐arylbenzothiazolines (1) might give rise to the greatest possible stabilization of the hypothetical 2‐(benzylideneamino)thiophenol tautomer (II). Regardless of electronic effect of substituents, most aldehydes reacted with 4‐mercaptoaniline to form poly[4‐(benzylideneamino)thiophenols] (III). Aromatic aldehydes substituted in the 2 position with the hydroxyl function reacted to form the stable, monomeric 4‐(benzylideneamino)thiophenols (IV). This stabilization in the monomeric state is presumed to be due to the hydrogen‐bonded nature of these compounds (V). Both monomeric and polymeric compounds reacted with benzalacetophenone in the presence of a basic catalyst in the manner to be expected of the 4‐(benzylideneamino)thiophenol structure (IV) yielding correspondingly substituted 1,3‐diphenyl‐1‐[4‐(benzylideneamino)phenylthio]‐3‐propanones (VI).
Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) enhances the efficacy of multiple anti-angiogenic agents, targeted therapies and standard oncolytics. (2008)

LB-104 Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) is currently in III clinical trials as well as multiple phase II trials as a single agent and in combination with a variety of standard chemotherapies, newer targeted agents and anti-angiogenics. Enzastaurin suppresses tumor-induced angiogenesis and induces tumor cell death in multiple human tumor cell lines by inhibiting PKC and PI3K/AKT pathway signaling. Because activation of these signaling pathways has been repeatedly linked to the development of chemo- and radio-resistance in multiple tumor types, and because anti-angiogenic therapies have been shown to enhance other targeted and oncolytic therapies, we sought to explore whether enzastaurin may enhance the efficacy of standard oncolytic or targeted anti-cancer therapies. Herein, we show that enzastaurin exhibits substantial anti-angiogenic activity at clinically achievable doses, preventing the formation of endothelial vessel-like structures when plated on a bed of dermal fibroblasts and reducing endothelial cell content in matrigel plugs after implantation into mice. Enzastaurin treatment also substantially represses the formation of the typical, highly branched, disorganized vasculature in A549 non-small cell lung cancers after intradermal implantation in nude mice. In combination with sunitinib (PO 20 or 40 mg/kg QD), enzastaurin (PO TID @ 100mg/kg) exhibited a more significant anti-tumor effect than either agent alone in both 786-0 and CaKi-1 renal cell carcinoma xenografts. In HT-29 colon cancer xenografts, enzastaurin + capecitabine (135 or 270 mg/kg QD IP) or enzastaurin + irinotecan (weekly x 3, 100mg/kg IP) significantly repressed tumor growth whereas single agent treatments failed to significantly reduce tumor growth. In prostate cancer, enzastaurin + taxotere (10mg/kg IP) repressed growth of hormone-independent PC-3 xenograft tumors more substantially than did taxotere alone. In LNCaP xenografts, enzastaurin + castration significantly repressed growth vs. castration alone. In cultured LNCaP cells and androgen-independent variants, enzastaurin treatment significantly repressed androgen receptor expression and reduced PSA expression. Finally, in U87MG and CRL2611glioblastoma xenografts, tumor growth was suppressed by both enzastaurin (100mg/kg TID PO) and temozolomide (TMZ, 3mg/kg 1X) as single agents to a limited extent but was almost completely repressed by the combination of enzastaurin with TMZ. Enzastaurin dramatically enhanced the induction of apoptosis and reduction of cellular proliferation by TMZ treatment in both 06MGMT + and - GBM cells lines, coincident with a blockade of signaling through the AKT pathway and p90RSK. Collectively, these data indicate that by blocking signaling through the PKC and PI3K/ AKT pathways in tumor and endothelial cells, enzastaurin enhances the efficacy of a wide range of chemo- and targeted therapies.
Primary (1°) tumor location as an independent prognostic marker from molecular features for overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Analysis of CALGB / SWOG 80405 (Alliance). (2017)

3503 Background: 80405 found no OS or Progression Free Survival (PFS) difference when bevacizumab (BV) or cetuximab (Cet) was added to 1st-line FOLFOX or FOLFIRI in All RAS wild type (wt) mCRC pts. There was a significant 1° side by biologic interaction (P int: OS = 0.008, PFS = 0.001) favoring pts with left-sided (L) 1°. Analyses of 1° tumors beyond All RAS includes Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS), BRAF and MSI. (CMS results - see Lenz et al; BRAF -see Innocenti et al) We asked whether 1° tumor location - L vs right (R) - is an independent prognostic marker when these other molecular features are considered. Methods: We used a Cox proportional hazard model stratified by prior XRT and +/- adjuvant chemo; adjusted for age, gender, synchronous vs metachronous, CMS, MSI and BRAF status. Pts with transverse (T) tumors were excluded in this analysis. Results: Sidedness was determined in 782 pts (L - 472; R - 256; T -54). Molecular data from 728 pts (with L - and R-sided 1°s) was available as follows: KRAS -- 291, NRAS -393, BRAF - 393, MSI - 378, CMS - 533. L vs R mOS: 32.9 v 19.6 months (mo) (p < 0.0001). See Table for OS results in All RAS / BRAF wt and BRAF mutant (mut) pts. Sidedness (R vs L) is an independent prognostic marker even after adjusting for all these molecular features: HR = 1.392 (1.032, 1.878), p = 0.031. Conclusions: Primary tumor location is an independent prognostic factor when adjusted for age, gender, synchronous/metachronous, CMS, MSI and BRAF status. We are exploring clinical variables such as tumor burden, metastatic sites and measurability of disease in an attempt to explain the impact of sidedness. Support: U10CA188021, U10CA180882. Eli Lilly and Co, Genentech/Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi. Clinical trial information: NCT002655850. [Table: see text]
A Critical Review on Microtools Fabrication by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Technology (2009)

As different tool materials are hard to machine by routine micromachining techniques, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique is used for fabrication of microtools. This paper aims to comprise a detailed review on microtools fabrication by FIB and a step by step procedure of fabricating microtools is explained. Operating parameters are briefly described to show their significance for microtools fabrication. The operating parameters of FIB machining presented here do not only give information about material removal rate but also helpful for achieving desired surface finish of microtools. In addition, new geometry of micro end mill cutter is also proposed.
Inhibition of Rho‐kinase‐induced myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) phosphorylation in human neuronal cells by H‐1152, a novel and specific Rho‐kinase inhibitor (2002)

The functions of small G protein Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) have been determined in muscle and non-muscle cells, but, particularly in neuronal cells, its effector(s) has not been well known. Recently, we preliminarily reported that Rho-kinase phosphorylates the Ser159 residue in myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) in vitro, but it remains obscure in vivo. To further clarify this point, we developed an isoquinolinesulfonamide derivative, H-1152, that is a more specific, stronger and membrane-permeable inhibitor of Rho-kinase with a Ki value of 1.6 nM, but poor inhibitor of other serine/threonine kinases. H-1152 dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of MARCKS in human neuroteratoma (NT-2) cells stimulated by Rho-activator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which was determined by phosphorylation site-specific antibody against phospho-Ser159 in MARCKS, whereas it hardly inhibited the phosphorylation stimulated by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). In contrast, two other Rho-kinase inhibitors, HA-1077 at 30 microM and Y-27632 at 10-30 microM, inhibited the phosphorylation of MARCKS in the cells stimulated by LPA and PDBu. A PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220 selectively inhibited PDBu-induced phosphorylation of MARCKS. Taken together with our previous results, the present findings strongly suggest that Rho/Rho-kinase phosphorylates MARCKS at Ser159 residue in neuronal cells in response to LPA stimulation and that H-1152 is a useful tool to confirm Rho-kinase function(s) in cells and tissues.