gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Part-Aware Multi-Scale Fully Convolutional Network for Pedestrian Detection (2020)

Pedestrian detection is a crucial task in intelligent transportation systems, which can be applied in autonomous vehicles and traffic scene video surveillance systems. The past few years have witnessed much progress on the research of pedestrian detection methods, especially through the successful use of the deep learning based techniques. However, occlusion and large scale variation remain the challenging issues for pedestrian detection. In this work, we propose a Part-Aware Multi-Scale Fully Convolutional Network (PAMS-FCN) to tackle these difficulties. Specifically, we present a part-aware Region-of-Interest (RoI) pooling module to mine body parts with different responses, and select the part with the strongest response via voting. As such, a partially visible pedestrian instance can receive a high detection confidence score, making it less likely to become a missing detection. This module operates in parallel with an instance RoI pooling module to combine local parts and global context information. To handle vast scale variation, we construct a fully convolutional network in which multi-scale feature maps are generated efficiently, and small-scale and large-scale pedestrians are detected separately. By integrating these structures, the proposed detector achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the Caltech, KITTI, INRIA and ETH pedestrian detection datasets.
Toward Novel Hybrid Biomass, Coal, and Natural Gas Processes for Satisfying Current Transportation Fuel Demands, 1: Process Alternatives, Gasification Modeling, Process Simulation, and Economic Analysis (2010)

This paper, which is the first part of a series of papers, introduces a hybrid coal, biomass, and natural gas to liquids (CBGTL) process that can produce transportation fuels in ratios consistent with current U.S. transportation fuel demands. Using the principles of the H2Car process, an almost-100% feedstock carbon conversion is attained using hydrogen produced from a carbon or noncarbon source and the reverse water-gas-shift reaction. Seven novel process alternatives that illustrate the effect of feedstock, hydrogen source, and light gas treatment on the process are considered. A complete process description is presented for each section of the CBGTL process including syngas generation, syngas treatment, hydrocarbon generation, hydrocarbon upgrading, and hydrogen generation. Novel mathematical models for biomass and coal gasification are developed to model the nonequilibrium effluent conditions using a stoichiometry-based method. Input−output relationships are derived for all vapor-phase components, char, and tar through a nonlinear parameter estimation optimization model based on the experimental results of multiple case studies. Two distinct Fischer−Tropsch temperatures and a detailed upgrading section based on a Bechtel design are used to produce the proper effluent composition to correctly match the desired ratio of gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. Steady-state process simulation results based on Aspen Plus are presented for the seven process alternatives with a detailed economic analysis performed using the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer and unit cost functions obtained from literature. Based on the appropriate refinery margins for gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, the price at which the CBGTL process becomes competitive with current petroleum-based processes is calculated. This break-even oil price is derived for all seven process flowsheets, and the sensitivity analysis with respect to hydrogen price, electricity price, and electrolyzer capital cost, is presented.
TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER FOLLOWED EXPECTANTLY (1998)

Prostate tumor cell proliferation, expressed by MIB-1 immunoreactivity, demonstrated significant association with disease specific survival. However, MIB-1 is a close alternative to histopathological grade in describing the natural history of clinically localized prostate cancer. The additional prognostic value and the practical consequence of tumor cell proliferation remain to be clarified.
Serum Protein Profile Analysis Following Definitive Treatment in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Proteomic analysis of serum protein profiles distinguishes pretreatment and posttreatment samples from patients with HNSCC with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. After 6 months, serum protein profiles seem to have distinct differences in peak expression based on disease status. Further investigation of the clinical usefulness of this technology in HNSCC detection and surveillance is warranted.
A Structured Approach for Scenario-Based Training (1999)

Increasingly, organizations are using simulations to provide opportunities for individuals to practice skills learned in the classroom in realistic and dynamic synthetic environments. Unfortunately, while much is known about how to construct classroom-based instructional materials to support learning, few methods, strategies, and tools exist to support the development of simulation for pedagogical purposes. This panel will describe a methodology that has demonstrated considerable potential for supporting practice and feedback in simulated environments. The panel will also examine limitations of the methodology and challenges for implementation of the methodology.
Nationwide Antibiogram Analysis Using NCCLS M39-A Guidelines (2005)

Lack of standardization in antibiogram (ABGM) preparation (the overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility results of a microbial species to a battery of antimicrobial agents) has not been addressed until recently. The objective of this study was to analyze current antibiograms using the recently published NCCLS M39-A guidelines for preparation of antibiograms to identify areas for improvement in the reporting of antibiogram susceptibility data. Antibiograms from across the United States were obtained by various methods, including direct mailings, Internet searches, and professional contacts. Each ABGM collected was analyzed using prospectively defined elements from the M39-A guidelines. Additionally, seven quality indicators were also evaluated to look for the reporting of any atypical or inappropriate susceptibility data. The 209 antibiograms collected from 149 institutions showed at least 85% compliance to 5 of the 10 M39-A elements analyzed. Clinically relevant elements not met included annual analysis, duplicate isolate notation, and the exclusion of organisms with fewer than 10 isolates. As for the quality indicators evaluated, unexpected results included the 7% of antibiograms that reported <100% vancomycin susceptibility for Staphylococcus aureus, 24% that had inconsistent beta-lactam susceptibility for Staphylococcus aureus, 20% that reported <100% imipenem susceptibility for Escherichia coli, and 37% that reported >0% ampicillin susceptibility for Klebsiella pneumoniae. These findings suggest that antibiograms should be reviewed thoroughly by infectious disease specialists (physicians and pharmacists), clinical microbiologists, and infection control personnel for identification of abnormal findings prior to distribution.
The complete sequence of Drosophila alpha-spectrin: conservation of structural domains between alpha-spectrins and alpha-actinin. (1989)

We report the complete sequence of Drosophila alpha-spectrin and show that it is similar to vertebrate nonerythroid spectrins. As in vertebrates, the alpha subunit consists of two large domains of repetitive sequence (segments 1-9 and 11-19) separated by a short nonrepetitive sequence (segment 10). The 106-residue repetitive segments are defined by a consensus sequence of 54 residues. Chicken alpha-spectrin (Wasenius, V.-M., M. Saraste, P. Salven, M. Eramaa, L. Holm, V.-P. Lehto. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:79-93) shares 50 of these consensus positions. Through comparison of spectrin and alpha-actinin sequences, we describe a second lineage of spectrin segments (20 and 21) that differs from the 106-residue segments by an 8-residue insertion and by lack of many of the consensus residues. We present a model of spectrin evolution in which the repetitive lineage of spectrin segments and the nonrepetitive lineage of segments found in spectrin and alpha-actinin arose by separate multiplication events.
Packet synchronization and identification for incremental redundancy transmission in FH-CDMA systems (2003)

Incremental redundancy transmission is an efficient data communication technique in a frequency hopping code division multiple access system. However, there are some difficulties in practical implementation of this technique such as synchronization of packets of different sizes and identification between regular and subpackets. This paper describes these problems and suggests practical solutions to avoid the loss of synchronization and decoding ambiguity during transmission of messages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RF Channel Modeling for Implant-to-Implant Communication and Implant to Subcutaneous Implant Communication for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers (2018)

Propagation of radio-frequency signals inside human body is demanding to analyze as it is a highly complex medium consisting of different frequency-dependent lossy materials of varying thickness. Moreover, experimental analyses are also unfeasible because that requires probes to be placed inside a human body to collect the signals. This paper focuses on in-body to in-body implant communication for future multinodal capsule-like leadless cardiac pacemaker technology. The frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz is analyzed using very detailed numerical simulations of digital human models. The results show that the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical radio band of the frequency range of 2.4-2.5 GHz is optimal, having the least attenuation of signals considering the size constraints of the implant antenna. Furthermore, the placement of an additional subcutaneous implant transceiver is studied. The analysis shows that the abdominal wall is the optimal position for the placement of the implant compared to shoulder and lateral side of the body. This result is further validated by an in vivo experiment on an adult pig. The other novelty of the study is the investigation of the channel behavior based on ventricular blood volume of the heart to find out the appropriate timing of the transmission of signals between the implants. The results show that the attenuation of the signal increases with the increase in blood volume inside the heart.
Enzymes in Organic Synthesis: Alteration of Reversible Reactions to Irreversible Processes (1994)

Many enzyme-catalyzed reversible reactions can be altered to irreversible processes by proper manipulation of the properties of solvent, substrate and biocatalyst, and by coupling with other irreversible reactions. This review highlights some irreversible strategies applicable to the syntheses of esters, peptides, nucleosides and carbohydrates. Irreversible transesterification can be effected by using enol esters as substrates. Transesterification in aqueous solution can also be realized by antibody catalysis. Either thermodynamic approach or kinetic approach can be employed for irreversible peptide bond formation. The peptide ester with a good ester leaving group is used for the aminolysis reaction catalyzed by subtilisin in aqueous dimethylformamide solution, in which the hydrolysis is minimized. Methylchymotrypsin and other engineered proteases such as subtilisins can also be used to enhance aminolysis over hydrolysis. Modified purine nucleosides such as 7-methylguanosine and 7-methylinosine have been used in the enzymatic transribosylation, wherein the leaving group would undergo an isomerization and render the reaction essentially irreversible. A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can be driven by coupling with a favorable cofactor regeneration or by using a combined enzyme system. For example, NeuAc aldolasecatalyzed reaction is reversible, but the reaction can be coupled with an irreversible formation of the cytidine 5′-monophosphate CMP-NeuAc. A multiple enzymatic system consisting of glycosyltransferases and kinases has been used to prepare a tetrasaccharide antigen sialyl Lex (NeuAc-Gal-Fuc-GlcNAc) in one pot with regeneration of CMP-NeuAc and formation of NeuAc in situ. A trisaccharide NeuAc-Gal-GlcNAc has been synthesized by the combined reactions with galactosidase and sialyltransferase. 1. Introduction 2. Alteration of Reaction Pathways in Organic Solvents 3. Substrates for Irreversible Transesterification and Transribosylation 4. Solvent Effect in Thermodynamic Peptide Synthesis 5. Solvent and Substrate Effects in Kinetic Peptide Synthesis 6. Modified Biocatalysts in Ester and Peptide Syntheses 7. Irreversible Reactions Assisted with Cofactor Regeneration or Multiple-Enzyme Coupling 8. Conclusion
Family of soft-switching resonant DC–DC converters (2009)

Switched resonator converters as a new family of soft-switching DC–DC converters are presented. A unified comprehensive study is performed, topologies are categorised, essential and general equations are presented, the control mechanism is discussed and a useful comparison is provided. Practical results confirm the integrity of the proposed converters and their theoretical analysis.
Hybrid Pre-Query Term Expansion using Latent Semantic Analysis (2005)

Latent semantic retrieval methods (unlike vector space methods) take the document and query vectors and map them into a topic space to cluster related terms and documents. This produces a more precise retrieval but also a long query time. We present a new method of document retrieval which allows us to process the latent semantic information into a hybrid latent semantic-vector space query mapping. This mapping automatically expands the users query based on the latent semantic information in the document set. This expanded query is processed using a fast vector space method. Since we have the latent semantic data in a mapping, we are able to store and retrieve vector information in the same fast manner that the vector space method offers. Multiple mappings are combined to produce hybrid latent semantic retrieval which provide precision results 5% greater than the vector space method and fast query times.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Recombinant Strains Expressing Hybrid Serological Reactivities of Outer Membrane Proteins IA and IB (1988)

The inheritance of epitopes of protein I, the principal protein of the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was investigated by DNA-mediated transformation. Protein I transformants were isolated by selection for the linked spectinomycin-resistance determinant. Twelve monoclonal antibodies used in coagglutination tests identified epitopes of the two forms of protein I (P.IA and P.IB). A given gonococcal culture from patients expresses epitopes of either P.IA or P.IB and rarely, if ever, exhibits hybrid P.IA/P.IB reactivities. Nevertheless, we found 35 P.IA/P.IB recombinants among 1506 transformants. Transmission by DNA of the hybrid reactivities and the apparent molecular mass characteristic of a given P.IA/P.IB species verified the genetic basis of the phenotypic changes. A recombinant that expressed six P.IA and two P.IB epitopes is of interest as a possible component of a gonococcal vaccine, because one or more of these epitopes are shared with 99.8% of a worldwide collection of 1858 clinical strains.
Effect of Age on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Concentrations of MIF and PGE<sub>2</sub> (2009)

We used an experimental gingivitis study design to compare crevicular fluid concentrations of Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in younger (18 to 30 yrs) and older (46 to 77 yrs) healthy adults. PGE(2) increased after 1 wk in younger participants, whereas it decreased in older individuals after 1 wk of plaque accumulation. A significant interaction between age and time was observed for PGE(2) (p = 0.04). High concentrations of MIF were identified in both age groups at baseline. MIF increased in the younger participants, whereas in the older individuals a decrease over time was observed. MIF concentration was positively correlated with plaque index and gingival index in the older age group. Total counts of bacteria, Parvimonas micra and Prevotella intermedia, were significantly correlated with MIF concentration in older participants. In conclusion, MIF and PGE(2) production in response to bacterial accumulation seems to be modified by age.
Aluminum doping of 4H-SiC by irradiation of excimer laser in aluminum chloride solution (2014)

We have found that aluminum doping into 4H-SiC is performed by irradiating excimer laser light to 4H-SiC immersed in aluminum chloride solution. Aluminum is introduced in SiC at the concentration of over 1 × 1020 cm−3 near the surface while, chlorine hardly diffuses into 4H-SiC. After the laser irradiation in aluminum chloride solution, the resistance of the laser-irradiated region decreases with increasing laser fluence. Hall effect measurement shows that the laser irradiation produces a p-type layer and that its sheet carrier concentration is 2.14 × 1011 cm−2. In addition, we produce a pn junction by doping the surface of n-type 4H-SiC and by aluminum doping. The pn junction shows rectifying characteristics whose on/off ratio is about 7 decades and ideality factor is 1.15. This technique is one of the strong candidate local doping techniques for SiC.
[Are CD133 and CD271 useful in positive selection to enrich umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells?]. (2010)

It is well accepted that umbilical cord blood has been a source for mesenchymal stem cells. However, there was less success in culturing these cells by using traditional method. Lots of studies showed that CD271 (low affinity nerve growth factor receptor LNGFR) and CD133 could be used to positive sort of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in recent years. The present study was designed to explore whether the method of positive sorting of umbilical cord blood-derived MSC (UCB-MSC) was effective by using CD271 and CD133 immunomagnetic beads. The ability of forming CFU-F and differentiation capacity of the four kinds of cells, namely CD271+, CD271-, CD133+ and CD133- were analysed. The results indicated that the purities of immunomagnetically selected CD271+ and CD133+ cells were (87.58±0.48)% and (89.89±8.10)% respectively. More than 99% of CD271+ and CD133+ cells expressed CD34 and CD45, the markers of hematopoietic stem cells. CFU-F assay showed that CD271+ and CD133+ cells could not form any CFU-F and only few single fibroblast-like cells could be found in the dishes. However, part of the negative samples (27%) could form CFU-F. Phenotype of cells (passage 3) isolated by the two methods was the same, that was CD34-, CD45-, CD14-, CD29+, CD44+, CD73+, CD105+ and CD90+. They both had osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. It is concluded that nearly all the CD271 and CD133 positive cells are hematopoietic cells, MSC can be effectively collected by negative selection with immunomagnetic beads against CD271 and CD133.
Charting the terrain of touch. (2000)

Discusses the Laboratory for Human and Machine Haptics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, nicknamed the Touch Lab, which investigates new technologies involved in the sense of touch.
miR-101 is down-regulated in glioblastoma resulting in EZH2-induced proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis (2010)

Our results indicate that EZH2 has a versatile function in GBM progression and that its overexpression is at least partly due to decreased miR-101 expression. Inhibition of EZH2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to target GBM proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
A Combined<i>in</i>-<i>Situ</i>PM-RAIRS and Kinetic Study of Single-Crystal Cobalt Catalysts under Synthesis Gas at Pressures up to 300 mbar (1997)

The coadsorption behavior of CO and hydrogen on Co(0001) during exposure to mixtures of H2 and CO at pressures up to 300 mbar and temperatures between 298 and 490 K has been studied by in-situ polarization modulation reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (PM-RAIRS). At 490 K it is shown that adsorbed CO molecules attached to cobalt atoms at step edges (“defect sites”) disappear. We explain this observation in terms of hydrocarbon formation at defect sites, which blocks the adsorption of CO at these positions. To support this explanation, both ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and kinetic measurements have been performed. The kinetic measurements provide direct evidence for a link between the number of defect sites at the surface and the total Fischer−Tropsch activity.
Application Considerations for Distance Relays on Impedance-Grounded Systems (2008)

Widespread use of digital distance relays has increased the application of distance protection to lower voltages, including subtransmission and distribution circuits. Many systems may be impedance grounded. In this paper, we look at some unique problems that may arise on single-source, distribution systems, such as might occur at the 26-kV voltage level. A source of concern for distance relays on these systems is the inclusion of a current-limiting impedance in the neutral of the source transformer. The voltage drop across this impedance during fault conditions affects the voltages seen by the relay and may affect the polarizing voltage used by the distance relay. We will explain the problem and offer solutions that will allow the application of distance elements.
Molecular Imaging of Death Receptor 5 Occupancy and Saturation Kinetics <i>In Vivo</i> by Humanized Monoclonal Antibody CS-1008 (2013)

Imaging of DR5 receptor occupancy in vivo correlates with tumor concentration and in vivo efficacy, and is a novel molecular imaging technique that can be used to determine receptor occupancy and effective dose levels of DR5 agonist antibodies in the clinic.
Effects of Age and Diet on the Development of the Pancreas and the Synthesis and Secretion of Pancreatic Enzymes in the Young Pig (1986)

Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)