gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Tomosynthesis of the Chest (2008)

Digital tomosynthesis is a technique that generates an arbitrary number of section images of a patient from a single pass of the x-ray tube. It is under investigation for application to a number of clinical detection tasks, and has recently been implemented in commercial devices for chest radiography. Tomosynthesis provides improved visibility of structures in the chest, such as pulmonary nodules, airways, and spine. This review article outlines the components of a typical tomosynthesis system, and presents examples of improved pulmonary nodule detection from a clinical trial in human subjects. Possible implementation strategies for use in chest imaging are discussed.
Salivary apyrase of <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>. Kinetics and purification (1986)

The salivary apyrase activity of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus was found to reside in a true apyrase (ATP diphosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.5) enzyme. The crude saliva was devoid of 5'-nucleotidase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, phosphatase and adenylate kinase activities. ATP hydrolysis proceeded directly to AMP and Pi without significant accumulation of ADP. Km values for ATP and ADP hydrolysis were 229 and 291 microM respectively. Ki values for ATP and ADP inhibition of ADP and ATP hydrolysis were not different from the Km values, and these experiments indicated competitive inhibition. Activities were purified 126-fold by combined gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography procedures with a yield of 63%. The purified enzyme displayed specific activities of 580 and 335 mumol of Pi released/min per mg of protein for ATP and ADP hydrolysis respectively. The action of the purified enzyme on several phosphate esters indicates that Rhodnius apyrase is a non-specific nucleosidetriphosphate diphosphohydrolase.
AuraSense (2016)

Existing smartwatches rely on touchscreens for display and input, which inevitably leads to finger occlusion and confines interactivity to a small area. In this work, we introduce AuraSense, which enables rich, around-device, smartwatch interactions using electric field sensing as an adapted device. To explore how this sensing approach could enhance smartwatch interactions, we considered different antenna configurations and how they could enable useful interaction modalities. We identified four configurations that can support six well-known modalities of particular interest and utility, including gestures above or in close proximity to watches, and touchscreen-like finger tracking on the skin. We quantify the feasibility of these input modalities, suggesting that AuraSense can be low latency and robust across users and environments.
Increase of xylitol production rate by controlling redox potential inCandida parapsilosis (1998)

The effect of redox potential on xylitol production by Candida parapsilosis was investigated. The redox potential was found to be useful for monitoring the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in culture media, especially when the DO level was low. An increase in the agitation speed in a 5 L fermentor resulted in an increased culture redox potential as well as enhanced cell growth. Production of xylitol was maximized at a redox potential of 100 mV. As the initial cell concentration increased from 8 g/L to 30 g/L, the volumetric productivity of xylitol increased from 1.38 g/L. h to 4.62 g/L. h. A two-stage xylitol production strategy was devised, with stage 1 involving rapid production of cells under well-aerated conditions, and stage 2 involving cultivation with reduced aeration such that the culture redox potential was 100 mV. Using this technique, a final xylitol concentration of 180 g/L was obtained from a culture medium totally containing 254.5 g/L xylose in a 3,000 L pilot scale fermentor after 77 h fermentation. The volumetric productivity of xylitol during the fermentation was 2.34 g/L. h.
Graph Comparison Using Fine Structure Analysis (2010)

We introduce a novel technique for comparing graphs using the structure of their subgraphs, which we call a graph's fine structure. Our technique compares graphs using the earth mover's distance between the distributions of summarizing features of their constituent subgraphs. We demonstrate the use of this technique as an abstraction of graph edit-distance and show its use in hierarchical clustering on several graphs derived from a variety of sources including social interaction data.
PKA-Type I Selective Constrained Peptide Disruptors of AKAP Complexes (2015)

A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) coordinate complex signaling events by serving as spatiotemporal modulators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in cells. Although AKAPs organize a plethora of diverse pathways, their cellular roles are often elusive due to the dynamic nature of these signaling complexes. AKAPs can interact with the type I or type II PKA holoenzymes by virtue of high-affinity interactions with the R-subunits. As a means to delineate AKAP-mediated PKA signaling in cells, we sought to develop isoform-selective disruptors of AKAP signaling. Here, we report the development of conformationally constrained peptides named RI-STapled Anchoring Disruptors (RI-STADs) that target the docking/dimerization domain of the type 1 regulatory subunit of PKA. These high-affinity peptides are isoform-selective for the RI isoforms, can outcompete binding by the classical AKAP disruptor Ht31, and can selectively displace RIα, but not RIIα, from binding the dual-specific AKAP149 complex. Importantly, these peptides are cell-permeable and disrupt Type I PKA-mediated phosphorylation events in the context of live cells. Hence, RI-STAD peptides are versatile cellular tools to selectively probe anchored type I PKA signaling events.
Uracil-DNA glycosylase. Purification and properties of uracil-DNA glycosylase from Micrococcus luteus. (1982)

A uracil-DNA-glycosylase from Micrococcus luteus has been purified more than 3,000-fold. The enzyme preparation appears homogeneous, according to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is devoid of nonspecific endonucleases, specific endonucleases for apurinic and apyrimidinic sites, 3-methyladenine or 7-methylguanine-DNA-glycosylases. It behaves as a monomer protein of 19,400 daltons. It has an isoelectric point of 7.0 +/- 0.1. It has an optimal activity between pH 5.0 and 7.0. It has no cofactor requirement and is not inhibited by EDTA. Uracil-DNA-glycosylase is highly specific for DNA containing dUMP residues, releasing uracil as product of the reaction. It is 2-fold more active on single-stranded DNA than on double-stranded DNA. If it releases uracil dimers from ultraviolet-irradiated PBS1 DNA, it is at the threshold of the detection. The apparent Km is 7 X 10(-8) M, and uracil acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki of 3.2 X 10(-4) M. Cis-syn cyclogbutadiuracil also is a potent inhibitor, while some analogs, produced by x-irradiation of uracil and thymine, are weak inhibitors. Spermine, between 10 and 400 microM, increases the enzymatic activity by 50% and is not inhibitory at other concentrations. Spermidine activates the enzyme at concentrations of 40 to 120 microM, but becomes inhibitory at 200 and 400 microM. A new finding is that drugs which intercalate in DNA, such as ethidium bromide and ellipticine, cause a 2- to 2.5-fold activation of this enzyme activity. The concentrations giving maximal activation depend on the drug. The enzyme does not behave as a processive enzyme during uracil excision.
Differential role of TRP channels in prostate cancer (2007)

A major clinical problem with PC (prostate cancer) is the cell's ability to survive and proliferate upon androgen withdrawal. Indeed, deregulated cell differentiation and proliferation, together with the suppression of apoptosis, provides the condition for abnormal tissue growth. Here, we examine the differential role of TRP (transient receptor potential) channels in the control of Ca(2+) homoeostasis and growth of PC cells.
Highly potent HIV inhibition: engineering a key anti-HIV structure from PSC-RANTES into MIP-1 /CCL4 (2008)

The HIV coreceptor CCR5 is a validated target for both the prevention and therapy of HIV infection. PSC-RANTES, an N-terminally modified analogue of one of the natural chemokine ligands of CCR5 (RANTES/CCL5), is a potent inhibitor of HIV entry into target cells. Here, we set out to engineer the anti-HIV activity of PSC-RANTES into another natural CCR5 ligand (MIP-1beta/CCL4), by grafting into it the key N-terminal pharmacophore region from PSC-RANTES. We were able to identify MIP-1beta/CCL4 analogues that retain the receptor binding profile of MIP-1beta/CCL4, but acquire the very high anti-HIV potency and characteristic inhibitory mechanism of PSC-RANTES. Unexpectedly, we discovered that in addition to N-terminal structures from PSC-RANTES, the side chain of Lys33 is also necessary for full anti-HIV potency.
Casino Technology: Player Tracking and Slot Accounting Systems (2012)

The objective of this research is to provide the casino industry with an unbiased, independent study on the available technologies in its business. Both the software manufacturers and the casinos recognize that tracking systems are far from being anything close to perfect. Thus, gaming companies are continually trying to improve the systems that they have on the market. In this paper the authors analyze player tracking and slot accounting systems based on their costs, functions, sizes, hardware requirements, and software requirements respectively, which may help casino executives better understand the technologies available to them and make more prudent and cost-effective decisions on purchasing gaming hardware and software.
Assessing Adipogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Rapid Three-Dimensional Culture Screening Technique (2013)

Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into a number of phenotypes, including adipocytes. Adipogenic differentiation has traditionally been performed in monolayer culture, and, while the expression of a fat-cell phenotype can be achieved, this culture method is labor and material intensive and results in only small numbers of fragile adherent cells, which are not very useful for further applications. Aggregate culture is a cell-culture technique in which cells are induced to form three-dimensional aggregates; this method has previously been used successfully, among others, to induce and study chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We have previously published an adaptation of the chondrogenic aggregate culture method to a 96-well plate format. Based on the success of this method, we have used the same format for the preparation of three-dimensional adipogenic cultures. The MSCs differentiate rapidly, the aggregates can be handled and processed for histologic and biochemical assays with ease, and the format offers significant savings in supplies and labor. As a differentiation assay, this method can distinguish between degrees of senescence and appears suitable for testing medium or drug formulations in a high-volume, high-throughput fashion.
Work function recovery of air exposed molybdenum oxide thin films (2012)

We report substantial work function (WF) recovery of air exposed molybdenum oxide thin films with vacuum annealing. We observed a sharp reduction in the MoOx WF (from 6.8 eV to 5.6 eV) as well as a very thin layer of oxygen rich adsorbate on the MoOx film after an hour of air exposure. The WF of the exposed MoOx film started to gradually recover with increasing annealing temperature in vacuum, and the saturation in the WF recovery was observed at 450 °C with WF ∼6.4 eV. We further studied the interface formation between the annealed MoOx and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of CuPc was observed to be almost pinned to the Fermi level, strongly suggesting the possibility of efficient hole injection with the vacuum annealed MoOx film.
A Low-Complexity Kalman Approach for Channel Estimation in Doubly-Selective OFDM Systems (2009)

In this letter, we propose a vector state-scalar observation (VSSO) Kalman filter for channel estimation in doubly-selective orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Vector state-vector observation (VSVO) Kalman filters have been reported before in the literature for this purpose. The proposed VSSO Kalman filter achieves the same performance as the VSVO Kalman filter and results in 92% complexity savings. The Kalman filter outperforms a recently proposed linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator and achieves a high spectral efficiency of 93% as compared to the LMMSE estimator of 68%. A key aspect of this paper is that we show how the observed pilot symbol vector can be decorrelated or decoupled into uncorrelated multipath scalars. This aspect (and the proposed Kalman filter) is similar in spirit to that of a quasi-static channel.
Magnetic Moments of Alloys and Compounds of Iron and Cobalt with Rare Earth Metal Additions (1959)

In order to determine whether ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic exchange coupling would result from alloying the rare earth metals with cobalt or iron, a number of melts were made containing these elements. The data on saturation magnetization with composition and on saturation magnetization with temperature obtained on the cobalt-gadolinium system indicates strongly that antiferromagnetic exchange coupling exists in this system.
Anatomy of the Superficial Fascia System of the Breast: A Comprehensive Theory of Breast Fascial Anatomy (2018)

The breast is shaped by a three-dimensional, fibrofatty fascial system. Two layers of this system surround the corpus mammae and fuse together around it, and anchor it to the chest wall in a structure we have called the circummammary ligament.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived CD63 <sup>+</sup> Exosomes Transport Wnt3a Exteriorly and Enhance Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis In Vitro (2017)

Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that regulate stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and cell-to-cell communication during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to stimulate dermis repair and regeneration; however, it is unclear how BM-MSCs may modulate downstream Wnt signaling. While recent reports implicate that Wnt ligands and Wnt messenger RNAs (such as Wnt4) exist within the interior compartment of exosomes, it has been debated whether or not Wnts exist on the exterior surface of exosomes to travel in the extracellular space. To help answer this question, we utilized flow cytometry of magnetic beads coated with anti-CD63 antibodies and found, for the first time, that Wnt3a protein is detectable exteriorly on CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes derived from BM-MSCs over-secreting Wnt3a into serum-free conditioned media (Wnt3a CM). Our data suggest that CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes significantly help transport exterior Wnt3a signal to recipient cells to promote fibroblast and endothelial functions. During purification of exosomes, we unexpectedly found that use of ultracentrifugation alone significantly decreased the ability to detect exteriorly bound Wnt3a on CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes, however, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated exosome-enrichment before exosome-purification (with ultracentrifugation into a sucrose cushion) resulted in exosomes more likely to retain exterior Wnt3a detectability and downstream Wnt/beta-catenin activity. Our findings indicate the important role that purification methods may have on stem cell-derived Wnt-exosome activity in downstream assays. The ability for BM-MSC Wnt3a CM and exosomes to stimulate dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration, and endothelial angiogenesis in vitro, was significantly decreased after CD63<sup>+</sup>-exosome depletion or knockdown of Wnt coreceptor LRP6 in recipient cells, suggesting both are required for optimal Wnt-exosome activity in our system. Thus, BM-MSC-derived CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes are a significant carrier of exterior Wnt3a within high Wnt environments, resulting in downstream fibroblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro.
Transthoracic ventricular defibrillation in the 100 kg calf with unidirectional rectangular pulses. (1977)

The effectiveness in reversing ventricular fibrillation of 30 seconds duration of unidirectional rectangular-wave shocks having pulse widths of 0.5 through 64 msec, pulse amplitudes of 35, 50, 70, 100, and 140 amp, and pulse energies of 109 through 1,660 J was studied in 3,303 transthoracic fibrillation-defibrillation episodes in 100 kg calves. A total of 38 animals were used in the study. Postdefibrillation electrocardiograms were recorded. Families of curves of percent successful defibrillation vs pulse duration, percent successful defibrillation vs pulse energy, duration of postdefibrillation complete block or standstill vs energy, and time required for a return to normal sinus rhythm vs energy were derived. The most effective waveform studied (70 amp--8 msec--862 J) yielded defibrillation on the initial attempt in 93% of 120 episodes. In general, the duration of complete block or standstill and the time required for a return to normal sinus rhythm increased with increasing pulse current and pulse energy.
A compact omni-directional circularly polarized antenna (2014)

A compact omni-directional circularly polarized antenna is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of four bended dipoles and an integrated feeding network simultaneously exciting these four dipoles. Horizontal and vertical polarized field components are generated through the corresponding parts of the bended dipoles, and 90° phase difference between them are naturally guaranteed. With a size of 0.35λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.35λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.13λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , the antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 9.8% (|S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> |≤ -10 dB and AR≤ 3 dB) and a left-handed CP average gain of 0.68 dB in the azimuth plane at the center frequency 2 GHz.
A bounded search algorithm for segmented channel routing for FPGA's and associated channel architecture issues (1993)

The segmented channel routing problem arises in the context of a special type of architecture called field programmable gate arrays (FPGA's), which contain predefined segmented routing tracks that can be connected together to form longer segments. The segments may be connected to the pins of the gates by programmable elements. The segmented channel routing problem is formulated as a special case of a matrix row matching problem. A bounded tree search algorithm has been developed which provides a wide spectrum of solutions compromising the fixed available resources and the given requirements. The algorithm is complete; i.e., it finds a solution if one exists. We have also developed an algorithm to generate channel segmentation based on distribution of nets across channels. The segmented channels are evaluated on the basis of performance versus cost criteria. The algorithms have been implemented in C on an Apollo 4000 workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Loop optimization in register-transfer scheduling for DSP-systems (1989)

In this paper, we discuss a control-flow transformation called loop folding, during the scheduling of register-transfer code for DSP-systems. Loop folding is functionally equivalent to data-path pipelining. An iterative loop-folding procedure, implemented in the CATHEDRAL II compiler, is presented. This technique may significantly improve the utilization of parallel hardware, available in a data path.
Clinical Assessment of Atrial Activation - Current Methods and Future Perspectives (2001)

Article Clinical Assessment of Atrial Activation - Current Methods and Future Perspectives was published on January 1, 2001 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 46, issue s2).
Self-learning signature analysis for non-volatile memory testing (2002)

A new BIST scheme suitable for on-chip testing of non-volatile memories and based on signature analysis is presented. The signature of the whole memory, whose content can be selectively changed by the user, is dynamically self-learned by the memory and it is saved in a dedicated memory location. Such a signature can be externally compared with the expected one in order to check for the programming operation, or it can be used for self-test when data retention must be checked.
A genetic marker of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase gene in the cinnamaldehyde-chemotype <i>Cinnamomum osmophloeum</i> (2012)

Abstract There are numerous chemotypes of Cinnamomum osmophloeum in Taiwan, each of which generates an identical profile of volatile secondary metabolites. Cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent of C. osmophloeum and its quantity varies between strains. The cinnamaldehyde-type C. osmophloeum contains abundance of cinnamaldehyde, which is an economically important product, which can be gained from the leaf essential oil. Here, the genes involved in cinnamaldehyde biosynthesis have been investigated and four candidate genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( CoPAL ), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase 1 and 4 ( Co4CL1 and Co4CL4 ), and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase ( CoCCR ), were selected as potential molecular marker typical for the cinnamaldehyde chemotype. Cinnamaldehyde was increased in Co4CL1 , Co4CL4 , and CoCCR transgenic plants. The results showed that the cinnamaldehyde and non-cinnamaldehyde chemotypes can be distinguished by a single nucleotide polymorphism in the substrate binding pocket region of Co4CL4, at residue 378 of Co4CL4. This polymorphism could be used as a potential molecular marker for identification of strains of C. osmophloeum , which belong to high-yield cinnamaldehyde producer type. In addition, this finding might provide a suitable strategy for biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites in the future.
Frequent mutations and amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in pituitary tumors (2008)

Genetic alterations in the PIK3CA gene of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway have been found in many human tumors, but they have not been explored in pituitary tumors. We undertook the present study to explore mutations and amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in pituitary tumors. DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR were used to examine mutations and amplifications respectively, on genomic DNA samples isolated from 353 cases of pituitary tumors, and immunohistostaining was used to assess PIK3CA expression. About 8 out of 91 (9%) invasive pituitary tumors versus 0 out of 262 (0%) noninvasive tumors were found to harbor somatic mutations in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene (P<0.001), and the mutation was associated with increased disease recurrence. Genomic PIK3CA amplifications (defined as >/=4 copies) were observed in both invasive and noninvasive tumors, with a prevalence of around 20-40% in various types of pituitary tumors. PIK3CA protein overexpression was observed in cases with high PIK3CA copy number. RAS mutations were also examined and found in 6 out of the 91 (7%) invasive tumors. PIK3CA amplifications were mutually exclusive with PIK3CA or RAS mutations (P<0.001). This study demonstrated for the first time relatively common PIK3CA mutations and amplifications as well as RAS mutations and their tendency of mutual exclusivity in pituitary tumors. The data provide strong genetic evidence supporting a role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the tumorigenesis of pituitary tumors, particularly the invasive types.