gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen Receptor (AR) Coregulators: An Overview (2002)

The biological action of androgens is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen-bound AR functions as a transcription factor to regulate genes involved in an array of physiological processes, most notably male sexual differentiation and maturation, and the maintenance of spermatogenesis. The transcriptional activity of AR is affected by coregulators that influence a number of functional properties of AR, including ligand selectivity and DNA binding capacity. As the promoter of target genes, coregulators participate in DNA modification, either directly through modification of histones or indirectly by the recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes, as well as functioning in the recruitment of the basal transcriptional machinery. Aberrant coregulator activity due to mutation or altered expression levels may be a contributing factor in the progression of diseases related to AR activity, such as prostate cancer. AR demonstrates distinct differences in its interaction with coregulators from other steroid receptors due to differences in the functional interaction between AR domains, possibly resulting in alterations in the dynamic interactions between coregulator complexes.
Video Encoding and Splicing for Tune-in Time Reduction in IP Datacasting (IPDC) Over DVB-H (2006)

A novel video encoding and splicing method is proposed which minimizes the tune-in time of "channel zapping", i.e. changing from one audiovisual service to another, in IPDC over digital video broadcasting for handheld terminals (DVB-H). DVB-H uses a time-sliced transmission scheme to reduce the power consumption used for radio reception. Tune-in time in DVB-H refers to the time between the start of the reception of a broadcast signal and the start of the media rendering. One of the significant factors in tune-in time is the time from the start of media decoding to the start of correct output from decoding, which is minimized when a time-slice is started with a random access point picture such as an independent decoding refresh (IDR) picture in H.264/AVC. In IPDC over DVB-H, encapsulation to time-slices is performed independently from encoding in a network element called IP encapsulator. At the time of encoding, time-slice boundaries are not known exactly, and it is therefore impossible to govern the location of IDR pictures relative to time-slices. It is proposed that an additional stream consisting of IDR pictures only is transmitted to the IP encapsulator, which replaces pictures in a normal bitstream with IDR pictures according to time-slice boundaries in order to achieve the minimum tune-in time. It has to be ensured that the "spliced" stream resulting from the operation of the IP encapsulator complies with the hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) specification of H.264/AVC. A video encoding and rate control system is proposed to satisfy the HRD requirements for the spliced stream. Simulation results show that in addition to fulfilling HRD compliancy, good average quality of decoded video is achieved with minimum tune-in time
Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas (1977)

During the period the sponges described herein were which were used only sporadically in the past and were collected (1963-7), the author was a Research Associate regarded as of marginal value until t
Pattern profile control of polysilicon in magnetron reactive ion etching (1997)

The effects of adding H2 or CBrF3 to Cl2 plasma to control the pattern profile in polysilicon etching are studied using a magnetron reactive ion etching system. It is found that the sidewalls of patterns etched with pure Cl2 plasma at the pressure of 12 Pa are vertical or sloped depending on whether a radio frequency (rf) power of 600 W (0.77 W/cm2) or 700 W (0.9 W/cm2) is applied. By increasing the content of H2, the angle of the sidewall taper of the pattern etched at 600 W rf power reaches 70°. Adding CBrF3 makes it possible to adjust the slope of the sidewall over a range from 77° to 65° at a rf power of 700 W. These observed results are attributed to plasma polymerization.
Floral Asynchrony and Kernel Set in Maize Quantified by Image Analysis (1994)

Abstract A delay in the onset of silk emergence relative to pollen shed often decreases kernel set in maize ( Zea mays L.). Lack of pollen, failure of silks to emerge, and loss of silk receptivity all are probable causes for kernel loss. To date, it has not been possible to distinguish between these possibilities, due to the lack of quantitative information on the intensity of pollen shed and progress of silk emergence under field conditions. Using a computer‐aided image analysis system, we measured the daily progress of silk emergence and the intensity of pollen shed in the field. Kernel set also was measured on plants whose silk emergence varied from 8 d before to 13 d after anthesis (DAA). About 200 silks emerged on the first day silks appeared and >90% of the florets had silks exposed within 3d. Pollen shed followed a normal distribution with time, peaked 3 DAA, and ended 13 DAA. On ears with silks exposed to pollen for only one d, nearly all florets set kernels when pollen was shed at intensities greater than ≈ 100 grains cm −2 d −1 mm; however, percent set in apical floret positions decreased when the onset of silk emergence was delayed >3 DAA, despite pollen shed at a rate sufficient to ensure high kernel set. These results indicate that asynchrony between silk emergence and pollen shed decreases kernel set because silks emerge after pollen amount becomes limiting. In the current experiment, the intensity of pollen shed limited kernel set only beyond 7 DAA. Also, silks emerged prior to anthesis remained receptive to pollen for at least 5 d. This finding suggests that selection for silk emergence prior to pollen shed (protogyny) may improve kernel set in maize under conditions known to delay silk emergence.
Selective coactivation of estrogen-dependent transcription by CITED1 CBP/p300-binding protein (2001)

CITED1, a CBP/p300-binding nuclear protein that does not bind directly to DNA, is a transcriptional coregulator. Here, we show evidence that CITED1 functions as a selective coactivator for estrogen-dependent transcription. When transfected, CITED1 enhanced transcriptional activation by the ligand-binding/AF2 domain of both estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in an estrogen-dependent manner, but it affected transcriptional activities of other nuclear receptors only marginally. CITED1 bound directly to ERalpha in an estrogen-dependent manner through its transactivating domain, and this binding activity was separable from its p300-binding activity. CITED1 was strongly expressed in nulliparous mouse mammary epithelial cells and, when expressed in ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells by transduction, exogenous CITED1 enhanced sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to estrogen, stabilizing the estrogen-dependent interaction between p300 and ERalpha. The estrogen-induced expression of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) mRNA transcript was enhanced in the CITED1-expressing MCF-7 cells, whereas estrogen-induced expression of the mRNA transcripts for progesterone receptor or pS2 was not affected. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that endogenous CITED1 is recruited to the chromosomal TGF-alpha promoter in MCF-7 cells in an estrogen-dependent manner but not to the pS2 promoter. These results suggest that CITED1 may play roles in regulation of estrogen sensitivity in a gene-specific manner.
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Is Dependent on Oncogenic Kras in Mice (2012)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest human malignancies, and its prognosis has not improved over the past 40 years. Mouse models that spontaneously develop pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mimic the progression of the human disease are emerging as a new tool to investigate the basic biology of this disease and identify potential therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a new model of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on pancreas-specific, inducible and reversible expression of an oncogenic form of Kras, together with pancreas-specific expression of a mutant form of the tumor suppressor p53. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to follow individual animals in longitudinal studies, we show that both primary and metastatic lesions depend on continuous Kras activity for their maintenance. However, re-activation of Kras* following prolonged inactivation leads to rapid tumor relapse, raising the concern that Kras*-resistance might eventually be acquired. Thus, our data identifies Kras* as a key oncogene in pancreatic cancer maintenance, but raises the possibility of acquired resistance should Kras inhibitors become available for use in pancreatic cancer.
Phenylstearic acids and related compounds isolation of 17‐, 16‐, 15‐ and 13‐phenyl isomers (1971)

Abstract Alternate use of acetone and hexane as crystallizing solvents permitted the isolation of the 17‐, 16‐, 15‐ and 13‐phenyl isomers of phenylsteaic acid and related compounds made by the Firedel‐Crafts reaction. The pure crystalline isomers were used as referebce compounds to correct the distribution curve based on alkyl aryl ketones formed by chromic acid oxidation.
Protein Kinase Cδ Is Activated by Caspase-dependent Proteolysis during Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Apoptosis of Human Keratinocytes (1998)

The elimination of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-damaged keratinocytes via apoptosis is an important mechanism for the protection of the skin from sunlight, an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen. Due to the pleiotropic nature of UV radiation, the molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis are poorly understood. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes critically involved in the regulation of differentiation in the epidermis, and is associated with the induction of apoptosis by ionizing radiation in other cell types. In normal human keratinocytes, the induction of apoptosis by UV exposure correlated with generation of the catalytic domain of PKCdelta in the soluble fraction. In contrast, phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate caused translocation of PKCdelta from the soluble to the particulate fraction without inducing apoptosis. The effect of UV radiation on PKCdelta was isoform specific, as UV exposure did not stimulate the cleavage, or effect the subcellular distribution of any other PKC isoform. The soluble, catalytic domain of PKCdelta induced by UV exposure was associated with an increase in soluble PKCdelta activity. Proteases of the caspase family are activated during UV-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of caspases blocked the UV-induced cleavage of PKCdelta and apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of PKC activity specifically inhibited UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes, without affecting the G0/G1 cell cycle block induced by UV exposure. These results indicate that PKC activation is involved in the UV-induced death effector pathway of keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis, and defines a novel role for this enzyme in epidermal homeostasis.
A Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery Using Mixed Mode Adaptive Loop Gain Strategy (2013)

A Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) with adaptive loop gain strategy is presented. The proposed strategy enhances CDR jitter performance even if jitter spectrum information is limited a priori. By exploiting the inherent hard-nonlinearity of Bang-Bang Phase Detector (BBPD), the CDR loop gain is adaptively adjusted based on a posteriori jitter spectrum estimation. Maximizing advantages of analog and digital implementations, the proposed mixed-mode technique achieves PVT insensitive and power efficient loop gain adaptation for high speed applications even in limited <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ft</i> technologies. A modified CML D-latch improves CDR input sensitivity and BBPD performance. A folded-cascode- based Charge Pump (CP) is proposed to minimize CP latency. The 5 G/10 G CDR prototype is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for applications with high ratio of data-rate to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ft</i> . The proposed CDR recovers data with BER <; 2·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> and generates only 1.04 ps RMS and 7.5 ps peak-peak jitter. Jitter Tolerance (JTOL) test shows that the proposed CDR enhances low frequency jitter tracking and high frequency jitter filtering simultaneously for various jitter profiles. The CDR power consumption is 110.6 mW where only 3.9 mW is used for loop gain adaptation circuitry.
Advanced electronic control systems for electric vehicles (1978)

The characteristics and relative advantages of several types of electric vehicle control systems are discussed. An advanced electronic control system for a separately excited dc motor is described. Performance characteristics of an electric vehicle using this control are discussed and recommendations for future systems are given.
Determining heart rate from noisy pulse oximeter signals using fuzzy logic (2004)

A two-layer fuzzy logic system was developed for the determination of heart rate from pulse oximeter signals subjected to strong motion artifact. The system finds the heart rate quickly due to its low reliance on past data. On healthy subjects, errors relative to a noise-free reference were small or negligible 77% of the time, and the average initial response time was over 7 times faster than an analogous adaptive filtering method.
Use of Language Codes in LDAP (1999)

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol [1] provides a means for clients to interrogate and modify information stored in a distributed directory system. The information in the directory is maintained as attributes [2] of entries. Most of these attributes have syntaxes which are human-readable strings, and it is desirable to be able to indicate the natural language associated with attribute values.
Labeling Cell-Surface Proteins Via Antibody Quantum Dot Streptavidin Conjugates (2005)

The quantum dot is a novel fluorescent platform that has the potential to become an alternative to conventional organic dyes used to label biological probes such as antibodies or ligands. Compared to typical fluorescent organic dyes, cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide core-shell nanocrystals, or quantum dots, have greater photostability, resist metabolic and chemical degradation, are nontoxic, and display broad emission and narrow excitation bands. When conjugated to generic adaptor molecules such as streptavidin, quantum dots can be used to label different biotinylated antibodies or ligands without having to customize the quantum dot surface chemistry for each antibody or ligand. In this chapter, we outline the methodology for using streptavidin quantum dots to label biotinylated antibodies that target cell-surface ectodomain proteins on both living and fixed cells.
[Application of telehealth in case management]. (2009)

Nursing clinical practice has changed dramatically in recent years due to advances in medical science. Increasing medical costs and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases in growing elderly populations have encouraged the development of various new case management care models. The purpose of this study was to introduce the current status and future development of case management and telehealth care as well as to challenge and guide nurses. Rather than turning a blind eye to new developments in information technology, we must use such to help nurses develop individualized and humanized care plans. New technologies can also assist nurses to deliver efficient and effective professional nursing care. Nurse case managers must increase competencies in assessment, critical thinking, evidence-practice, communication and negotiation, cooperation and problem solving. Case managers must practice independently while cooperating with other team members. The case manager is also a vanguard in the application of telehealth care in the nursing profession. Such professionals have a strong potential role to play in the future development of the nursing profession.
Proactive identification of exploits in the wild through vulnerability mentions online (2017)

The number of software vulnerabilities discovered and publicly disclosed is increasing every year; however, only a small fraction of them is exploited in real-world attacks. With limitations on time and skilled resources, organizations often look at ways to identify threatened vulnerabilities for patch prioritization. In this paper, we present an exploit prediction model that predicts whether a vulnerability will be exploited. Our proposed model leverages data from a variety of online data sources (white-hat community, vulnerability researchers community, and darkweb/deepweb sites) with vulnerability mentions. Compared to the standard scoring system (CVSS base score), our model outperforms the baseline models with an F1 measure of 0.40 on the minority class (266% improvement over CVSS base score) and also achieves high True Positive Rate at low False Positive Rate (90%, 13%, respectively). The results demonstrate that the model is highly effective as an early predictor of exploits that could appear in the wild. We also present a qualitative and quantitative study regarding the increase in the likelihood of exploitation incurred when a vulnerability is mentioned in each of the data sources we examine.
Novel permanent magnet machines using Halbach cylinders (2002)

This paper describes various permanent magnet machines using Halbach cylinders (arrays), from using pre-magnetised anisotropic magnet segments having varying magnetisation orientations, to those moulded as bonded isotropic or anisotropic NdFeB ring magnets, which are subsequently impulse magnetised using a magnetisation fixture which produces a sinusoidal MMF distribution. Three possible magnetisation fixture designs are described. Various Halbach cylinder machine topologies are then reviewed, including radial and axial field, slotted and slotless, rotary and linear (tubular and planar) permanent magnet machines with and without rotor and/or stator back-irons. The paper also reviews their typical applications, ranging from integrated motor and generator in flywheel applications, linear motors with ultra high acceleration, ultra high speed motors, multi-axis rollers, high performance servo drives, to passive magnetic bearings and magnet powder alignment system.
CAM-based VLSI architectures for dynamic Huffman coding (1994)

The dynamic Huffman coding is a data compression technique, and famous for its flexibility. However, it has not been available for real-time applications because the adaption process is complex. In this paper, we proposed the architectures for dynamic Huffman coding. Both of the encoder and decoder are constructed by using the CAM-based memory modules. These memory modules parallelly perform the adaption, process so that the coding can be efficiently executed. The encoder with the code table containing 32 symbols has been implemented. The simulation results show that the encoder can yield a input throughput of 40 Mbps operating at 40 MHz with 50% compression ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dispersion compensation using a variable group-delaydispersion equaliser (1995)

The effectiveness of a variable group-delay dispersion equaliser in compensating for the dispersions of various lengths of fibre is explained. The variable dispersion equaliser has a lattice-form programmable optical filter configuration and its dispersion can be varied from –681 to 786 ps/nm. The dispersion of three different fibres has been compensated for with a single equaliser.
Thickness and refractive index measurement of a silicon wafer based on an optical comb (2010)

We have proposed and demonstrated a novel method that can determine both the geometrical thickness and refractive index of a silicon wafer at the same time using an optical comb. The geometrical thickness and refractive index of a silicon wafer was determined from the optical thickness using phase information obtained in the spectral domain. In a feasibility test, the geometrical thickness and refractive index of a wafer were measured to be 334.85 microm and 3.50, respectively. The measurement uncertainty for the geometrical thickness was evaluated as 0.95 microm (k = 1) using a preliminary setup.
Convenient and General Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Amines (2011)

Bar (alky)none: A general and efficient method for carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions of anilines to generate alkynones has been developed (see scheme; TFP=tri(2-furyl)phosphine). The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and no base is needed.
In Vitro Evaluation of Three Iodine-Containing Compounds as Antiplaque Agents (1977)

The antibacterial activity of three iodine-containing compounds was determined for strains of four dental plaque-forming microorganisms, using an in vitro preclinical plaque model system. Solutions of inorganic iodine, povidone-iodine, and Wescodyne were tested for antiplaque activity against preformed plaques of a number of strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii. Solutions of inorganic iodine were more effective as antiplaque agents, with respect to minimal bactericidal concentration and time and frequency of treatments, than solutions of Wescodyne and povidone-iodine. Inorganic iodine appeared to be particularly effective against the most cariogenic (S. mutans) and periodontopathic (A. viscosus) organisms while allowing survival of the least orally pathogenic plaque-forming microorganism (S. sanguis). It is suggested that topical application of solutions of inorganic iodine may be useful in controlling dental caries and actinomyces-associated periodontal disease.
The use of polarization fading of satellite signals to study the electron content and irregularities in the ionosphere (1960)

A procedure is described for using the Faraday-rotation fading of a satellite radio signal to measure the ionospheric electron content per unit column up to the height of the satellite. At frequencies as low as 20 Mc the rotation of the plane of polarization cannot be assumed to be proportional to ?NBcos?dl along the line of sight. The simplifying assumptions implied by this expression are avoided, and full account is taken of ionospheric refraction, using the collision-free form of the Appleton-Hartree equation. Results based on observations of 1958 Delta 2 arc presented. The subsatellite electron contents have been derived throughout the satellite passes for heights both above and below the F-peak; the latter compare well with values derived from simultaneous ionograms. The method also permits the study of large-scale irregularities in electron content. Such irregularities, having lateral dimensions of a few hundred kilometers and fractional deviations in subsatellite electron content of about 0.01, have been detected. Our observations suggest that satellite polarization studies offer important advantages over other methods of investigating these irregularities.
Synthesis of chemically and functionally diverse scaffolds from pentaerythritol (1996)

Pentaerythritol (2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol) was converted into a series of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted derivatives, comprising allyl ethers and amino-alkyl ethers, by systematic chemical manipulation of the hydroxy groups. The remaining hydroxymethyl group in the case of the trisubstituted analog was functionalized with ether groups bearing terminal ω-carboxyl or ω-alkene groups. These derivatives are versatile templates and scaffolds for single, double, or triple substitution with appropriate ligands forming amides and esters, and allowing the attachment of the ω-alkene or ω-carboxyl group to solid support for combinatorial chemistry. Key words: molecular diversity, scaffolds, templates and tris(2-aminoethyl)-pentaerythritol.