gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE FUTURE OF CERAMICS AS NUCLEAR FUEL. 1. WHAT ARE CERAMICS (1959)

An introduction to ceramics in general is given. Data available on the materials being developed to replace metal fuels are reviewed. (A.C.) l6253 Data on materials being developed to replace metal fuels are reviewed. Ceramics with nuclear potential such as uranium dioxide, uranium monocarbide, and dispersed fuels are discussed. (A.C.)
Voting networks (1991)

Designs of hardware voters are presented that can be easily pipelined to accommodate extremely high data rates. Design strategies for bit-voters and word-voters are described. Examples of resultant designs are given and each design is evaluated with respect to cost and performance. Both ordinary and generalized m-out-of-n voting, with arbitrary vote assigned to the inputs, are considered. Median voters can be synthesized by simple variants of the design methods. Using currently available technology, these designs can operate at speeds of many millions of votes per second. For majority bit-voters with small values of n, a multiplexer-based design method generally yields the best realizations while for larger values of n, designs based on selection networks tend to be most efficient. For word voters, cost-effective designs based on modified or augmented sorting networks are feasible. In either case, the rich theory developed for the analysis and synthesis of parallel/pipelined sorting networks directly benefits the design process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical review 81: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in ovulation induction: current status and perspectives. (1996)

0 VULATION induction is one of the most common endocrine procedures conducted for the treatment of infertility. Until the late 197Os, this form of therapy was almost exclusively applied to anovulatory women with irregular menstrual cycles. However, since the introduction of assisted reproduction (AR) techniques, such as ilz z~ifro fertilization in 1978, it became evident that the obtainment of multiple oocytes per cycle was critical for the achievement of high success rates and that normal women with regular ovulatory cycles would thus be candidates for ovulation induction. GnRH was characterized in 1971; synthetic superactive agonists and antagonists were developed soon thereafter (1). The demonstration that intermittent GnRH administration was essential for pituitary and, thus, gonadal stimulation, whereas a continuous GnRH infusion or GnRH agonist administration would suppress gonadotropin secretion paved the way for the use of these compounds in almost every area of reproductive endocrinology. However, the paradoxical inhibition of pituitary and gonadal function eventually achieved by GnRH agonists initially appeared to make these compounds useless for ovulation induction. As we will see in this review, better understanding of the control mechanisms of the human menstrual cycle has instead resulted in the use of GnRH analogs in virtually every AR program worldwide and in several other ovulation induction applications.
Compatibility of corticosteroids and antibiotics in combination (1997)

To avoid undesired side effects, such as epithelial sloughing and corneal edema after collagen shield application, antibiotics and steroids must be carefully selected.
Finanzgesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen von Joint Ventures (1995)

Der Bereich „finanzgesetzliche Vorschriften“ für Joint Ventures erstreckt sich grundsätzlich auf die folgenden Aspekte:
Thermal Expansion of Silicon and Zinc Oxide (I) (1969)

Abstract A new expansion cell for the three‐terminal capacitance method is developed. Length changes in the order of 10 −9 cm can be measured at samples of only 4 mm. At first the expansion coefficient of silicon (reference material) is investigated in detail from 20 to 300 °K. The work is completed by interferometric measurements up to 800 °K. The temperature dependence of the expansion coefficient is discussed using the thermal equation of state. Furthermore conclusions are drawn concerning the contributions of different phonon branches and compared to calculations on the basis of well‐known models.
Universal Prediction Model for Construction Litigation (2009)

Construction litigation expenditures have increased considerably over the years. An universal prediction model (UPM) was developed to predict the outcome of construction litigation and, hence, encourage settlements out of court. The study was conducted by using 151 Illinois circuit court cases filed in the period 1987–2005. UPM consists of data consolidation, attribute selection, hybrid classification, and performance assessment. A code was written to automate the entire process in the Waikato environment for knowledge analysis. UPM is versatile and scalable. The findings resulted in a higher prediction rate than those obtained in previous studies. The system proved to be quite robust and fast. If the outcome of construction litigation can be predicted with reasonable accuracy and reliability, all parties involved in the construction process could save considerable money and time.
Human acetyl-coenzyme A:<i>α</i>-glucosaminide <i>N</i>-acetyltransferase. Kinetic characterization and mechanistic interpretation (1995)

Acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyltransferase) is an integral lysosomal membrane protein which catalyses the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA on to the terminal glucosamine in heparin and heparan sulphate chains within the lysosome. In vitro, the enzyme is capable of acetylating a number of mono- and oligo-saccharides derived from heparin, provided that a non-reducing terminal glucosamine is present. We have prepared highly enriched lysosomal membrane fractions from human placenta by a combination of differential centrifugation and density-gradient centrifugation in Percoll. This preparation was used to investigate the kinetics of the enzyme with three acetyl-acceptor substrates, i.e. glucosamine and a disaccharide and a tetrasaccharide derived from heparin, each containing a terminal glucosamine residue. The enzyme showed a pH optimum at 6.5, extending to 8.0 for the mono- and di-saccharide substrates but falling off sharply above pH 6.5 for the tetrasaccharide substrate. We identified two distinct Km values for the glucosamine substrate at both pH 7.0 and pH 5.0, whereas the tetrasaccharide substrate displayed only a single Km value at each pH. The Km values were found to be highly pH-dependent, and at pH 5.0 the values for the acetyl-acceptor substrates showed a decreasing trend as the size of the substrate increased, suggesting that the enzyme recognizes an extended region of the non-reducing terminus of the heparin or heparan sulphate polysaccharides. Double-reciprocal analysis, isotope exchange between N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine, and inhibition studies with desulpho-CoA indicate that the enzyme operates by a random-order ternary-complex mechanism. Product inhibition studies display a complex pattern of dead-end inhibition. Taken in context with what is known about lysosomal utilization and physiological levels of acetyl-CoA, these results suggest that in vivo the enzyme operates via a random-order ternary-complex mechanism which involves the utilization of cytosolic acetyl-CoA to transfer acetyl groups on to the terminal glucosamine residues of heparin within the lysosome.
Induction of differentiation in human marrow T cell precursors by the synthetic serum thymic factor, FTS. (1980)

The serum thymic factor, 'facteur thymique serique' (FTS), was analysed in vitro for its ability to induce differentiation of normal human marrow T cell precursors into cells with T lymphocyte characteristics. FTS has been isolated, characterized, sequenced and synthesized. In the mouse, natural and synthetic FTS have similar activities in vitro in the rosette inhibition assay. Both substances influence a variety of T cell differentiation markers and functions in vivo. In this study, we found that synthetic FTS induced appearance of two T cell surface markers, HTLA phenotypes and the ability to form E rosettes, on a selective population of normal human marrow cells sedimenting in layers II or III of a Ficoll discontinuous density gradient. In addition, a population of lymphoid cells also found in layer III, which bears receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA), was decreased in number following exposure to FTS. In the same gradient layer, cells which expressed terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity showed decreased activity after treatment with FTS. Functional activities characteristic of T lymphocytes were also enhanced in marrow cells of gradient layer III after preincubation with FTS. These T cell functions were demonstrated in marrow cells by their ability to respond and to stimulate allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in mixed lymphocyte reactions and by responses to phytomitogens, PHA, Con A and pokeweed. These changes were not observed in marrow cells of gradient layers I, IV and V or after incubation with an FTS analogue that lacked biological and antigenic activity in the mouse system.
Selection of benign primitive hematopoietic progenitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia on the basis of HLA-DR antigen expression (1992)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a lethal malignancy of the human hematopoietic stem cell. Here we report that coexistent benign, primitive hematopoietic progenitors can be distinguished from their malignant counterparts in CML bone marrow by differences in cell surface antigen expression. Selection of bone marrow cells expressing the CD34 antigen but lacking the HLA-DR antigen results in recovery of small lymphocyte-like blasts, which initiate and sustain production of myeloid clonogenic progeny in vitro. Secondary clonogenic cells derived at week 1, 5, and 8 from long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) initiated with primitive progenitors, which lack HLA-DR antigens, exhibit neither the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) nor the corresponding bcr/abl mRNA characteristic of CML. In contrast, clonogenic cells recovered at week 1, 5, and 8 from LTBMCs initiated with the CML HLA- DR+ population contain Ph1 and express bcr/abl mRNA. This observation indicates that it may be possible to select a population of viable, exclusively benign hematopoietic stem cells from CML bone marrow capable of repopulating the hematopoietic compartment following autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Digital feedback in superconducting quantum circuits (2015)

This chapter covers the development of feedback control of superconducting qubits using projective measurement and a discrete set of conditional actions, here referred to as digital feedback. We begin with an overview of the applications of digital feedback in quantum computing. We then introduce an implementation of high-fidelity projective measurement of superconducting qubits. This development lays the ground for closed-loop control based on the binary measurement result. A first application of digital feedback control is fast and deterministic qubit reset, allowing the repeated initialization of a qubit more than an order of magnitude faster than its relaxation rate. A second application employs feedback in a multi-qubit setting to convert the generation of entanglement by parity measurement from probabilistic to deterministic, targeting an entangled state with the desired parity every time.
Trapping and Tracking Hackers: Collective Security for Survival in the Internet Age (2000)

Problems arise because these tools are too often expected to provide broader coverage than their designs permit. The limitations of prevention tools are that (1) there is typically a large gap in time between the identification of the vulnerability and the availability of the solution, and (2) partial and faulty deployment resulting in gaps in coverage. Tools for response to individual attacks typically have significant false negative rates (e.g., tunneling through firewalls) or high false positive rates (intrusion detection systems). With these tools, there is also a gap between the onset of new types of attack and when signatures/rules become available to handle them.
The Effects of Anti-IgD on Serum Immunoglobulins, Antibody Production, and Immunoglobulin-Bearing Cells in Adult Rats (1978)

Rabbit anti-rat IgC (delta-specific) injected subcutaneously into adult rats resulted in hypergammaglobulinemia, increased serum immunoglobulins, increased antibody production, and alterations in the percentages of PBL expressing IgD and IgM. Serum IgM, IgG2a and IgG2c concentrations were increased 100%, 125%, and 200%, respectively, over controls, whereas IgA levels were not altered. Increases in the serum immunoglobulins were predominately due to an increase in antibodies to the rabbit serum components. A depletion of IgD-IgM bearing lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was observed after 24 hr of injection. Percentages of IgC-IgM bearing lymphocytes returned to normal by day 4 and were significantly increased (approximately 2-fold) by day 8. The in vivo effects of anti-delta in rats were similar to those reported in the monkey. Possible modes of action of the anti-delta and the significance of these results in relation to the biologic function of membrane IgD are discussed.
Magnetic resonance imaging of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators without specific absorption rate restrictions (2010)

The current series suggests that MRI scans may be performed safely in appropriately selected patients up to a peak SAR of 3.2 W/kg. Furthermore, peak SAR level poorly predicts the safety profile of patients with pacemakers or ICDS who are exposed to an MRI environment.
Role of Ly-6 in lymphocyte activation. II. Induction of T cell activation by monoclonal anti-Ly-6 antibodies. (1986)

The Ly-6 locus controls the expression and/or encodes for alloantigenic specificities found primarily on subpopulations of murine T and B lymphocytes. We have recently identified and characterized a new rat mAb, D7, that recognizes a nonpolymorphic Ly-6 specificity. After crosslinking by anti-Ig reagents or by Fc receptor-bearing accessory cells, mAb D7 could induce IL-2 production from T cell hybridomas, and in the presence of PMA could trigger a vigorous proliferative response in resting peripheral T cells. The addition of mAb D7 to cultures of antigen- and alloantigen-, but not mitogen-stimulated T cells resulted in a marked augmentation of the proliferative response. A number of other well-characterized mAbs to Ly-6 locus products could also stimulate a T cell proliferative response after crosslinking by anti-Ig and in the presence of PMA. These results strongly suggest that Ly-6 molecules may play a critical role in the T cell activation cascade, either as receptors for an unidentified soluble or cell-associated ligand or as transducing molecules that modulate signals initiated by antigen stimulation of the T3-Ti complex.
Group key agreement for wireless mesh networks (2009)

Wireless mesh networks consist of stationary nodes that communicate over wireless connections. Since WLAN security standards are only applicable in the standard scenario where the access points are connected by a cable-bound backbone, nearly all mesh networks broadcast messages in the clear. To secure these networks, and to reduce the amount of reencryption of messages, we propose to use group key agreement (GKA) protocols to agree on a common key for all nodes. In a mesh network, a message sent by a certain node can only be received directly by nodes within the broadcast range of the first node. Thus we have neither direct point-to-point connections between nodes, nor do we have a perfect broadcast channel. We therefore compare the suitability of different GKA protocols proposed in the literature for mesh networks.
FPGA implementation of a license plate recognition SoC using automatically generated streaming accelerators (2006)

Modern FPGA platforms provide the hardware and software infrastructure for building a bus-based system on chip (SoC) that meet the applications requirements. The designer can customize the hardware by selecting from a large number of pre-defined peripherals and fixed IP functions and by providing new hardware, typically expressed using RTL. Hardware accelerators that provide application-specific extensions to the computational capabilities of a system is an efficient mechanism to enhance the performance and reduce the power dissipation. What is missing is an integrated approach to identify the computationally critical parts of the application and to create accelerators starting from a high level representation with a minimal design effort. In this paper, we present an automation methodology and a tool that generates accelerators. We apply the methodology on an FPGA-based license plate recognition (LPR) system used in law enforcement. The accelerators process streaming data and support a programming model which can naturally express a large number of embedded applications resulting in efficient hardware implementations. We show that we can achieve an overall LPR application speed up from 1.2times to 2.6times, thus enabling real-time functionality under realistic road scenes
Accuracy and Power of Bayes Prediction of Amino Acid Sites Under Positive Selection (2002)

Bayes prediction quantifies uncertainty by assigning posterior probabilities. It was used to identify amino acids in a protein under recurrent diversifying selection indicated by higher nonsynonymous (d(N)) than synonymous (d(S)) substitution rates or by omega = d(N)/d(S) > 1. Parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood under a codon substitution model that assumed several classes of sites with different omega ratios. The Bayes theorem was used to calculate the posterior probabilities of each site falling into these site classes. Here, we evaluate the performance of Bayes prediction of amino acids under positive selection by computer simulation. We measured the accuracy by the proportion of predicted sites that were truly under selection and the power by the proportion of true positively selected sites that were predicted by the method. The accuracy was slightly better for longer sequences, whereas the power was largely unaffected by the increase in sequence length. Both accuracy and power were higher for medium or highly diverged sequences than for similar sequences. We found that accuracy and power were unacceptably low when data contained only a few highly similar sequences. However, sampling a large number of lineages improved the performance substantially. Even for very similar sequences, accuracy and power can be high if over 100 taxa are used in the analysis. We make the following recommendations: (1) prediction of positive selection sites is not feasible for a few closely related sequences; (2) using a large number of lineages is the best way to improve the accuracy and power of the prediction; and (3) multiple models of heterogeneous selective pressures among sites should be applied in real data analysis.
MicroRNA profiling of a CD133(+) spheroid-forming subpopulation of the OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell line. (2012)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a source of tumor recurrence due to their stem cell-like properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate both normal stem cells and CSCs, and dysregulation of miRNAs has an important role in tumorigenesis. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 133+ and spheroid formation have been reported to be one of the main features of ovarian CSCs. Therefore, we determined the miRNA expression profile of a CD133+ spheroid-forming subpopulation of the OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell line. Initially, we confirmed the enrichment of the OVCAR3 CD133 subpopulation by evaluating in vitro anchorage-independent growth. After obtaining a subpopulation of CD133+ OVCAR3 cells with > 98% purity via cell sorting, miRNA microarray and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to evaluate its miRNA profile. We found 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in the CD133+ spheroid-forming subpopulation of OVCAR3 cells, 34 of which were significantly up-regulated, including miR-205, miR-146a, miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-3, and 3 of which were significantly down-regulated, including miR-1202 and miR-1181. Our results indicate that dysregulation of miRNA may play a role in the stem cell-like properties of ovarian CSCs.
Mechanism of Racemization of Complex Ions. V. The Dissociation and Racemization of Tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)-iron(II) and Tris-(1,10-phenanthroline)-iron(II) Ions in Water-Methanol and Methanol Solutions<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Racemization of Complex Ions. V. The Dissociation and Racemization of Tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)-iron(II) and Tris-(1,10-phenanthroline)-iron(II) Ions in Water-Methanol and Methanol Solutions1,2Lester Seiden, Fred Basolo, and H. M. NeumannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 15, 3809–3813Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01524a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01524a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxydation photothermique d'élastomères de polyuréthannes thermoplastiques, 1. Propriétés des hydroperoxydes formés (1981)

Abstract The photothermal oxidation of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers was studied, observing the behaviour of four types of model polymers based upon various hard segments (aromatic or aliphatic) and various elastomeric phases (polyether or polyester). Four types of hydroperoxy groups were observed. By chemical titrations of these hydroperoxides and spectrophotochemical measurements, the thermal and photochemical stability of these compounds was studied. An interpretation of the appearance of hydroxylated compounds during photothermal oxidation is given for the four model polymers.