gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting DDoS attacks with passive measurement based heuristics (2004)

Network traffic anomalies such as distributed denial of service attacks or the propagation of a new worm are hard to detect on noncongested ISP backbone links. The research community hasn't managed to offer reliable detection metrics that can be implemented with the current technology constraints to network administrators yet. In this work we explore and evaluate the effectiveness of several potential heuristics in detecting flooding attacks. Our observations are based on a daily network traffic analysis for a period longer than 3 months and on more than 40 experiments that were conducted with the use of common DDoS tools in the production network of an academic ISP. The data analyzed are based on different types of passive measurements that are available today to ISP's. We identify multiple effective detection metrics that could give network administrators insight to malicious activities passing through their networks.
Seroepidemiological Investigations of Onchocerciasis in a Hyperendemic Area of West Africa (1985)

Immunological study of individuals (aged 4 to 70 years) living in an area of Mali hyperendemic for onchocerciasis revealed an 83% prevalence of skin microfilariae (mf). Microfilariae counts from skin snips were highly age-dependent. Screening for concomitant helminth infections showed a low prevalence of hookworms and Mansonella (Dipetalonema) perstans, but neither schistosomiasis nor bancroftian filariasis. Immunological results revealed strong correlation between radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin test (5 and 50 ng adult O. volvulus extract), between RAST and total IgE, and between IFAT and ELISA. A negative correlation exists between mf counts and skin tests and between mf counts and RAST; the lowest median values were obtained in the group with high mf counts. Skin sensitizing antibodies were detected in most locally born children aged 4-5 years. Intradermal tests showed a high rate of sensitization to O. volvulus antigen in mf-negative children, whereas ELISA and IFAT values were significantly lower in these children than in mf-positive children. Increasing concentrations of circulating IgE antibodies were found in children aged 4-11 years by RAST, and, in individuals aged 12-19 years (age group for which mf counts sharply increase), skin testing revealed a state of anergy. In long lasting infections (adults greater than 20 years) skin reactivity was comparable to that of young children or was depressed. ELISA and IFAT achieved similar results in each age group.
Low-cost digital beamforming based radar systems (2013)

There are fast-growing demands for radar systems based on smart antennas in civilian applications such as automotive radar, homeland security, corporate security, environmental remote sensing, and etc. Smart antenna systems are based on digital beamforming (DBF) technologies which are too expensive with conventional implementation for cost sensitive civilian applications. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of low-cost digital beamforming (DBF) radar technology with four contributions. The first contribution is a switched DBF radar system with single receiver for low-cost DBF radar applications. The proposed DBF radar system concept could reduce the number of microwave digital receivers from N to 1 (where N is the number of array elements), greatly reducing system cost, complexity, weight, and power consumption. The second contribution is based on the combination of the earlier proposed switched DBF radar system concept and an innovative application of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The proposed time division multiplexing (TDM) MIMO DBF radar system is based on linear MIMO arrays (M+N antenna elements) and a single transceiver (one transmitter and one receiver). Compared to a conventional MIMO DBF radar system, the proposed concept can reduce the number of transmitter/receivers from M+N to 2, giving a drastic cost reduction. With this concept, two desirable benefits can be achieved, namely drastic reduction of heavy usage of microwave digital components in a MIMO radar system and the considerable expansion of antenna effective aperture beyond its physical size. The third contribution extends the 1-dimensional MIMO DBF radar concept with fan beamforming to the 2-dimentional cross array with pencil beamforming. The proposed MIMO cross array consists of 4 transmitting elements and M+N receiving elements with pencil beamforming with equivalent beamwidth that could be achieved by much larger aperture (up to 4 times) and much more antenna elements (2M2N) by a traditional rectangular planar array. Another contribution is the multi-resolution composite array (MRCA) based on DBF technology for detection of multiple targets with close angular separation. For these scenarios or applications, the whole space could be divided to high signal density targets sector and low signal density background sectors, narrow and wide beamforms are used respectively in different sectors. Compared to conventional single-resolution DBF arrays and multiplicative arrays, the proposed MRCA could obtain the same angular resolution with much less antenna elements. Over all, four kinds of approaches for low-cost DBF systems are proposed. First two contributions are based on reducing the numbers of transmitters and receivers while last two contributions are mainly based on reducing antenna array elements. For all the four new concepts, extensive realistic computer simulation studies are conducted. Demonstrators of the first two concepts (namely, switched DBF radar and TDM MIMO DBF radar) are realized and theoretical analyses are verified experimentally.
A Self-Setting, Monetite (CaHPO4) Cement for Skeletal Repair (2008)

A low compressive strength (2 to 4 MPa) but very simple and inexpensive orthopedic CaHPO4 cement was developed by using commercially available Ca(OH)2 powders as the only starting powder component. The setting solution used was a special aqueous phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution, with a small amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) dissolved in it. Calcium was provided by the powder component, and all of the phosphate came from the setting solution. The setting solution was acidic, and this helped to neutralize Ca(OH)2 only to the extent of forming the phase of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, monetite), CaHPO4. At an L/P (liquid-to-powder) ratio of 1.54 and Ca/P molar ratio of 0.9, the cements had an initial setting time of 19±2 minutes. Set cements comprised only crystalline CaHPO4. Monetite has a higher solubility than octacalcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate and calcium hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions at the physiological pH. This new cement was considered to exhibit a higher in vivo resorbability in comparison to the apatitic cements. Cement samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. Compressive strength, initial and final setting times (with the use of Gillmore needles) of the cement samples were also reported.
Current progress in 3D printing for cardiovascular tissue engineering (2015)

3D printing is a technology that allows the fabrication of structures with arbitrary geometries and heterogeneous material properties. The application of this technology to biological structures that match the complexity of native tissue is of great interest to researchers. This mini-review highlights the current progress of 3D printing for fabricating artificial tissues of the cardiovascular system, specifically the myocardium, heart valves, and coronary arteries. In addition, how 3D printed sensors and actuators can play a role in tissue engineering is discussed. To date, all the work with building 3D cardiac tissues have been proof-of-principle demonstrations, and in most cases, yielded products less effective than other traditional tissue engineering strategies. However, this technology is in its infancy and therefore there is much promise that through collaboration between biologists, engineers and material scientists, 3D bioprinting can make a significant impact on the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Robust Classifier for the Automated Detection of Ammonia in Heated Plumes by Passive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (2003)

An automated classification algorithm is implemented for the detection of ammonia vapor in heated plumes by passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. This classification methodology allows the real-time detection of chemical signatures in gaseous effluents such as those generated from industrial processes. The characteristics of real-time implementation and excellent robustness are achieved by an analysis strategy based on the application of band-pass digital filters to short segments of the interferogram data collected by the FT-IR spectrometer, followed by the use of piecewise linear discriminant analysis to obtain a yes/no classification regarding the presence of the analyte signature in the filtered data. The optimal classifier developed through this work is based on only 110 interferogram points and employs a single band-pass filter centered at 945 cm(-)(1) with a pass-band full width at half-maximum of 93 cm(-)(1). The average stop-band attenuation of the optimal filter is 42.1 dB. The robustness of the algorithm is tested by exposing it to chemical releases of sulfur hexafluoride, ethanol, methanol, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride that were not included in the development of the classifier. Excellent classification performance is demonstrated, with missed ammonia detections occurring at a rate of approximately 1%. The occurrence of false detections is less than 0.1% for SF(6) and less than 0.02% for the other interferences tested.
Phosphoramidites of base-modified 2′-deoxyinosine isosteres and solid-phase synthesis of d(GCI<sup>*</sup>CGC) oligomers containing an ambiguous base (1986)

Novel phosphoramidites (1,2) of appropriately protected 2'-deoxyinosine isosteres (I*) such as allopurinol 2'-deoxyribofuranoside (4a) and 7-deaza-2'-deoxyinosine (4b) have been synthesized. They were employed together with the phosphoramidite of 2'-deoxyinosine in solid-phase synthesis of d(GCI*CGC) hexamers (12a-d). From thermodynamic data of these alternating hexamers it was shown that allopurinol 2'-deoxyribofuranoside destabilizes such duplexes less strongly than 2'-deoxyinosine. Additionally, the phosphoramidite of 7-deaza-2'-deoxyinosine (2) exhibits an extraordinary stability of the N-glycosylic bond. Since the new phosphoramidites are structurally related to 2'-deoxyinosine, they can be used in the construction of hybridization probes containing an ambiguous base.
Measuring and characterizing system behavior using kernel-level event logging (2000)

Analyzing the dynamic behavior and performance of complex software systems is difficult. Currently available systems either analyze each process in isolation, only provide system level cumulative statistics, or provide a fixed and limited number of process group related statistics. The Linux Trace Toolkit (LTT) introduced here provides a novel, modular, and extensible way of recording and analyzing complete system behavior. Because all significant system events are recorded, it is possible to analyze any desired subset of the running processes, and for instance distinguish between the time spent waiting for some relevant event (data from disk or another process) versus time spent waiting for some unrelated process to use up its time slice. Despite the
Satellite Doppler data processing using a microcomputer (1977)

This paper describes a microcomputer which was developed to compute ground radio beacon-position locations using satellite measurements of Doppler frequency shift. Both the computational algorithms and the microcomputer hardware incorporating these algorithms are discussed. Results are presented wherein this microcomputer in conjunction with the Nimbus-6 random-access measurement system (RAMS) provides real-time calculation of beacon latitude and longitude.
Heterologous assembly and rescue of stranded phycocyanin subunits by expression of a foreign cpcBA operon in Synechocystis sp. strain 6803 (1995)

Light harvesting in cyanobacteria is performed by the biliproteins, which are organized into membrane-associated complexes called phycobilisomes. Most phycobilisomes have a core substructure that is composed of the allophycocyanin biliproteins and is energetically linked to chlorophyll in the photosynthetic membrane. Rod substructures are attached to the phycobilisome cores and contain phycocyanin and sometimes phycoerythrin. The different biliproteins have discrete absorbance and fluorescence maxima that overlap in an energy transfer pathway that terminates with chlorophyll. A phycocyanin-minus mutant in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain 6803 (strain 4R) has been shown to have a nonsense mutation in the cpcB gene encoding the phycocyanin beta subunit. We have expressed a foreign phycocyanin operon from Synechocystis sp. strain 6701 in the 4R strain and complemented the phycocyanin-minus phenotype. Complementation occurs because the foreign phycocyanin alpha and beta subunits assemble with endogenous phycobilisome components. The phycocyanin alpha subunit that is normally absent in the 4R strain can be rescued by heterologous assembly as well. Expression of the Synechocystis sp. strain 6701 cpcBA operon in the wild-type Synechocystis sp. strain 6803 was also examined and showed that the foreign phycocyanin can compete with the endogenous protein for assembly into phycobilisomes.
Rigorous coupled-wave analysis of photorefractive reflection gratings (1998)

Rigorous coupled-wave reflection grating analysis and Kukhtarev’s equations have been solved in the time domain to determine the optical intensity, electron density, and dielectric modulation in BaTiO3. A novel Green’s-function approach has been developed to analyze Kukhtarev’s material equations. The Green’s-function approach allowed Kukhtarev’s equations to be reduced to a matrix form, from which the electron density could be obtained. A temporal state variable matrix equation was also developed from which full time-dependent solutions of Kukhtarev’s equations could be determined. An electron balance equation was developed from which the different terms in Kukhtarev’s equation could be studied and compared. Numerical simulations were carried out that showed the growth of a photorefractive BaTiO3 reflection grating. The simulation showed that an asymmetric, blazelike pattern resulted for the dielectric modulation. The blazelike pattern was shown to arise from spatial differentiation of a cusplike shape that the electron-density function assumed for its solution.
Alphaherpesvirus Proteins Related to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0 Affect Cellular Structures and Proteins (2000)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein ICP0 interacts with several cellular proteins and induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of others during infection. In this study we show that ICP0 is required for the proteasome-dependent degradation of the ND10 protein Sp100 and, as with the other target proteins, the ICP0 RING finger domain is essential. Further, comparison of the kinetics and ICP0 domain requirements for the degradation of PMI and Sp100 suggests that a common mechanism is involved. Homologues of ICP0 are encoded by other members of the alphaherpesvirus family. These proteins show strong sequence homology to ICP0 within the RING finger domain but limited similarity elsewhere. Using transfection assays, we have shown that all the ICP0 homologues that we tested have significant effects on the immunofluorescence staining character of at least one of the proteins destabilized by ICP0, and by using a recombinant virus, we found that the equine herpesvirus ICP0 homologue induced the proteasome-dependent degradation of endogenous CENP-C and modified forms of PML and Sp100. However, in contrast to ICP0, the homologue proteins had no effect on the distribution of the ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 within the cell, consistent with their lack of a USP7 binding domain. We also found that ICP0 by itself could induce the abrogation of SUMO-1 conjugation and then the proteasome-dependent degradation of unmodified exogenous PML in transfected cells, thus demonstrating that other HSV-1 proteins are not required. Surprisingly, the ICP0 homologues were unable to cause these effects. Overall, these data suggest that the members of the ICP0 family of proteins may act via a similar mechanism or pathway involving their RING finger domain but that their intrinsic activities and effects on endogenous and exogenous proteins differ in detail.
Some Bird Friends by Henry F. Pullen (1916)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING AND INCIDENT AND CONGESTION DETECTION, USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION DATA (1992)

The INVAID project involved the development of an Automatic Incident Detection (AID) System based on computer vision techniques. This paper describes the approach followed in the design of the INVAID Central Process, set for motorway network (high speed) applications.
Antibodies that Label Paraffin-Embedded Mouse Tissues: A Collaborative Endeavor (2004)

Histology and immunohistochemistry are important tools in the study of human diseases and their respective animal models. The study of mouse models has been hampered by the absence of a large set of mouse-specific antibodies adapted to paraffin-embedded tissues. A total of 196 antibodies were tested on paraffin-embedded mouse tissues preserved in five different fixatives (Fekete's acid-alcohol-formalin, 10% neutral buffered formalin, 4% paraformaldehyde, IHC Zinc Fixative, and Bouin's fixative). The antibodies were targeted to proteins of the cytoplasm (n = 100), plasma membrane (n = 48), nucleus (n = 36), extracellular compartment (n = 5), cytoplasm/cell membrane (n = 4), and viral proteins (n = 3). A total of 83 antibodies provided an adequate signal to noise ratio. Of these, adequate labeling required heat-mediated epitope retrieval or enzymatic digestion for 32 and 8 antibodies, respectively. Epitope recognition was best for tissues fixed with Fekete's acid-alcohol-formalin. However, some proteins could be detected only in IHC Zinc Fixative, confirming that there is no single fixative suitable for the preservation of all epitopes. Four of 13 antibodies that failed to label their cellular targets on tissue sections successfully labeled whole-mount tissues, indicating that tissue processing plays an important role in epitope degradation. Regularly updated information on immunohistochemistry of normal and neoplastic mouse tissues is accessible online at (http://tumor.informatics.jax.org); links to antibody suppliers' web sites are provided.
Uterine EMG : Experimental And Mathematical Determination Of The Relationship Between Internal And External Recordings (2005)

Several methods are tested in order to show or to model the relationship between internal and external recordings of uterine elecmcal activity, related to mechanical effect. Most of them attempt to establish a linear model of propagation. It is shown that the correlation only exists when reducing the signals to presence or absence of events. On the other hand, it is confiied that no classical propagation can be observed for that kind of signals.
A 0.8V Operational Amplifier using Floating Gate MOS Technology (2006)

A two-stage low voltage operational amplifier for operation at ±0.4V is proposed. The amplifier incorporates a low voltage current mirror designed using standard floating gate MOSFETs. The proposed op amp possesses a 49 dB open-loop gain, a high bandwidth of 698 kHz, 42° phase margin and consumes only 28.6 μW. The operation of the proposed current mirror and op amp has been confirmed by PSPICE simulations, using 0.13 μm CMOS technology.
Diagnostic tools in male infertility—the question of sperm dysfunction (2010)

Sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of infertility, yet what is remarkable is that, there is no drug a man can take or add to his spermatozoa in vitro to improve fertility. One reason for the lack of progress in this area is that our understanding of the cellular and molecular workings of the mature spermatazoon is limited. However, over the last few years there has been considerable progress in our knowledge base and in addressing new methods to diagnose sperm dysfunction. We review the current state of the field and provide insights for further development. We conclude that: (i) there is little to be gained from more studies identifying/categorizing various populations of men using a basic semen assessment, where an effort is required in making sure the analysis is performed in an appropriate high quality way; (ii) technological development is likely to bring the reality of sperm function testing closer to implementation into the clinical pathways. In doing this, these assays must be robust, cheap (or more appropriately termed cost effective), easy to use and clinically useful; and (iii) clinical necessity, e.g., the need to identify the highest quality spermatozoon for injection is driving basic research forward. This is an exciting time to be an andrologist and, likely, a fruitful one.
Stereochemistry of cyclization in carotenoid biosynthesis; use of 13C-labelling to elucidate the stereochemical behaviour of the C-1 methyl substituents during zeaxanthin biosynthesis in a Flavobacterium (1979)

[2-13C]Mevalonate has been incorporated into the carotenoid zeaxanthin and its acyclic precursor, lycopene, in a Flavobacterium species; n.m.r. analysis showed 13C enrichment in both compounds at C-4, C-8, C-12, C-16, C-4′, C-8′, C-12′, and C-16′ so that in lycopene the C-1 methyl substituent trans to the main carbon chain was enriched and in zeaxanthin the 1α(axial) methyl substituent was labelled, enabling us to define the stereochemistry of the behaviour of the C-1 methyl groups during cyclization.
Induction and inhibition of bovine leukaemia virus expression in naturally infected cells (1992)

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) resides in infected lymphocytes in a latent, repressed state but becomes expressed a few hours after the cells are cultured in vitro. We have identified several conditions and factors affecting the expression of BLV in short-term cultures of naturally infected lymphoid cells. The presence of foetal calf serum in the culture medium greatly stimulates virus expression. This stimulation is not due to cellular proliferation. Transcription of BLV RNA and synthesis of p25 in the cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes are preceded by a lag period of several hours. Synthesis of BLV p25 in these cultures takes place almost immediately after viral RNA synthesis. Extending previous results, we demonstrate that the plasma and lymphatic fluid of cattle contain factors that suppress and stimulate BLV expression. As a result of systematic examination of several parameters, we have developed reproducible assays for the detection of these factors. It is very likely that their relative concentration in the host is an important determinant of susceptibility and resistance to the development of lymphosarcoma and persistent lymphocytosis in BLV-infected cattle.