gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N2N learning: Network to Network Compression via Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning. (2017)

While bigger and deeper neural network architectures continue to advance the state-of-the-art for many computer vision tasks, real-world adoption of these networks is impeded by hardware and speed constraints. Conventional model compression methods attempt to address this problem by modifying the architecture manually or using pre-defined heuristics. Since the space of all reduced architectures is very large, modifying the architecture of a deep neural network in this way is a difficult task. In this paper, we tackle this issue by introducing a principled method for learning reduced network architectures in a data-driven way using reinforcement learning. Our approach takes a larger `teacher' network as input and outputs a compressed `student' network derived from the `teacher' network. In the first stage of our method, a recurrent policy network aggressively removes layers from the large `teacher' model. In the second stage, another recurrent policy network carefully reduces the size of each remaining layer. The resulting network is then evaluated to obtain a reward -- a score based on the accuracy and compression of the network. Our approach uses this reward signal with policy gradients to train the policies to find a locally optimal student network. Our experiments show that we can achieve compression rates of more than 10x for models such as ResNet-34 while maintaining similar performance to the input `teacher' network. We also present a valuable transfer learning result which shows that policies which are pre-trained on smaller `teacher' networks can be used to rapidly speed up training on larger `teacher' networks.
Kinetic and Electronic Energy Dependence of the Reactions of Sc+ and Ti+ with D2O (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic and Electronic Energy Dependence of the Reactions of Sc+ and Ti+ with D2OYu-Min Chen, D. E. Clemmer, and P. B. ArmentroutCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 44, 11490–11498Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100095a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100095a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hybrid wireless network protocols (2003)

Basically, there are two types of wireless network systems - base-station (BS) oriented networks and ad hoc wireless networks. In the first type, the mobile hosts communicate with base stations, while, in ad hoc networks, the mobile hosts communicate with one another directly. The BS-oriented wireless network has better performance and is more reliable. However, the ad hoc network topology is desirable because of its low cost, plug-and-play convenience, and flexibility. Its usage of bandwidth and battery power is more efficient, but route and communication connectivity is fairly weak; any migration by a host participating in one or more routes could make the route invalid. Much cost is incurred in maintaining communication. Thus, the ad hoc wireless network is only suitable for applications in a small geographical area. We propose hybrid wireless network protocols to combine the advantages of BS-oriented and ad hoc wireless networks. We allow two mobile hosts to communicate directly (one-hop direct transmission) or through another mobile host (two-hop direct transmission) within a BS-oriented network. The hybrid protocols are more flexible, reliable, and have better performance than the traditional protocols. Simulation results show that two-hop direct-transmission has a lower non-completion probability. If the communicating parties are always within a two-hop direct-transmission area, the rate of complete communication improves by about 20%.
Allergic <i>vs</i> nonallergic asthma: what makes the difference? (2002)

These results give new insights into the contrasts between clinical features of allergic and nonallergic asthma. The terminology of extrinsic asthma was first introduced by Rackeman in 1947 (1) and referred to the triggering role of allergens in asthma. By symmetry, he described intrinsic asthma as a disease characterized by later onset in life, female predominance, higher degree of severity, and more frequent association to nasosinusal polyposis. As these asthmatics were not improved by conventional treatment, this author considered their disease as caused by a nonallergic, unknown phenomenon. It is now widely admitted that nonallergic asthma can be objectively distinguished from allergic asthma based on negative skin tests to usual aeroallergens. On the other hand, positive skin test shows a tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens. "Atopy" and "atopic" are the terms used to describe this clinical trait and predisposition (2). Allergic clinical manifestations of atopy are of various types, for example rhinitis and asthma. Nowadays the terminology of "extrinsic" and "intrinsic" asthma should no longer be used, and should be replaced by the terminology of "allergic" or "nonallergic" asthma (2).
H<sub>3</sub>-Receptor Antagonists:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Para- and Meta-Substituted 4(5)-Phenyl-2-[[2-[4(5)-imidazolyl]ethyl]thio]imidazoles (1997)

We report the synthesis, octanol/water partition coefficient (log P), dissociation constants (pKa), H3-receptor affinity (pKi in rat brain membranes, [3H]-N alpha-methylhistamine), and H3-antagonist potency (pA2 in guinea ileum, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine) of novel H3-receptor antagonists obtained by introducing a para or meta substituent on the phenyl ring of the lead compound 4(5)-phenyl-2-[[2-[4(5)-imidazolyl]ethyl]thio]imidazole (3a). The substituents were chosen to obtain broad and uncorrelated variation in their lipophilic, electronic, and steric properties. The log P values of the neutral species cover almost 3 orders of magnitude (from 1.40 to 4.11). The pKa,2 values (protonation of the 2-thioimidazole fragment) vary from 3.13 to 4.34, indicating that this fragment, which incorporates the so-called polar group common to many H3-receptor antagonists, is neutral at physiological pH. The compounds had pKi values in a range too narrow (from 7.28 to 8.03) to derive QSAR equations. In one case (3g), a biphasic displacement curve was observed (pKi,1 = 8.53; pKi,2 = 6.90). The pA2 values ranged 2 orders of magnitude (from 6.83 to 8.87) and yielded a QSAR model (PLS) indicating that antagonist potency depends parabolically on lipophilicity and is decreased by bulky para substituents. The compounds of this series, therefore, maintain a fair-to-good affinity for rat brain H3-receptor and a fair-to-good H3-antagonist potency on guinea pig ileum, although varying markedly in their lipophilicity. The series thus appears as a good candidate for pharmacokinetic optimization leading to brain-penetrating H3-receptor antagonists.
Development And Adjustment Policy For A Low Income Farm Area1 (1968)

This paper attempts to develop profit‐maximizing plans for a low income farm area and to indicate the magnitude of resource adjustment required to meet this optimum. A secondary objective is to evaluate the usefulness of the variable resource programming technique as a device for determining resource misallocation and as a guide to regional and national policy . The study set out to develop optimum plans for the individual farm units and for the area using the variable resource programming technique . The results of the individual farm programs indicate that considerable income development potential exists on farms through internal farm resource reorganization and development. Results of the area programs suggest a need for substantial farm unit adjustment in order to achieve efficient resource use, particularly in achieving minimum farm income needs of the future .
Real-time Raman Spectroscopy for <i>In Vivo</i> Skin Cancer Diagnosis (2012)

Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical technique capable of measuring vibrational modes of biomolecules within viable tissues. In this study, we evaluated the application of an integrated real-time system of Raman spectroscopy for in vivo skin cancer diagnosis. Benign and malignant skin lesions (n = 518) from 453 patients were measured within 1 second each, including melanomas, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, actinic keratoses, atypical nevi, melanocytic nevi, blue nevi, and seborrheic keratoses. Lesion classification was made using a principal component with general discriminant analysis and partial least-squares in three distinct discrimination tasks: skin cancers and precancers from benign skin lesions [receiver operating characteristic (ROC) = 0.879]; melanomas from nonmelanoma pigmented lesions (ROC = 0.823); and melanomas from seborrheic keratoses (ROC = 0.898). For sensitivities between 95% and 99%, the specificities ranged between 15% and 54%. Our findings establish that real-time Raman spectroscopy can be used to distinguish malignant from benign skin lesions with good diagnostic accuracy comparable with clinical examination and other optical-based methods.
Detection of skin region from multiband near‐IR spectral characteristics (2009)

Abstract Many active safety technologies for the driver support system are developing. Most traffic accidents are caused by the driver's inattentiveness or drowsiness. We are developing a driver support system that protects against traffic accidents due to these causes. Our purpose is to detect the driver's face region with a camera. Many face detection methods are proposed, but there is no technique addressing every environment inside the car. For example, skin color segmentation cannot detect the skin region in the night, because it has to light up the driver by bright light. In this paper, we propose a skin detection method using the unique reflection characteristics of the materials. Our method is a very simple algorithm. We developed a skin detection system, and confirmed its effectiveness by an evaluation experiment in an indoor environment, and showed its effectiveness by a nighttime driving experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 19–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10149
The amplitude distribution and false-alarm rate of filtered noise (1965)

A digital computer has been used to simulate the passage of white Gaussian noise through a narrow-band filter followed by a square-law envelope detector and low-pass postdetection filter (PDF). The amplitude distribution and false-alarm rate at the PDF output were computed at many different voltage levels for a wide range of values of the product of predetection bandwidth times postdetection time constants (Bτ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ). Data were also obtained for the output of a linear envelope detector without postdetection filtering. The gamma probability distribution was found to be in excellent agreement with the PDF-output amplitude probability statistics for square-law detection. The relationship between the gamma distribution parameter and Bτ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> was determined. The ratio of false-alarm rate to amplitude probability density was found to be closely approximated by the theoretical mathematical relationship for a Gaussian process for all except low values of Bτ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> . Curves of amplitude probability density (Bτ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = 0 to ∞) and normalized false-alarm rate (Bτ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = 0 to 1000) vs threshold voltage level are provided for both single and double-section postdetection filtering. This paper thus makes available for engineering design and analysis numerical data which describe extensively the characteristics of detector and PDF noise outputs. The relationship between normalized false-alarm rate, threshold voltage, and Bτ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> has, in particular, wide application in signal-detection problems. These data have neither been previously published nor are they easily derived from previous theoretical studies.
A Route for Polymer Nanocomposites with Engineered Electrical Conductivity and Percolation Threshold (2010)

Polymer nanocomposites with engineered electrical properties can be made by tuning the fabrication method, processing conditions and filler’s geometric and physical properties. This work focuses on investigating the effect of filler’s geometry (aspect ratio and shape), intrinsic electrical conductivity, alignment and dispersion within the polymer, and polymer crystallinity, on the percolation threshold and electrical conductivity of polypropylene based nanocomposites. The conductive reinforcements used are exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, carbon black, vapor grown carbon fibers and polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers. The composites are made using melt mixing followed by injection molding. A coating method is also employed to improve the nanofiller’s dispersion within the polymer and compression molding is used to alter the nanofiller’s alignment.
test 레이서를 이용한 배기가스 세정수 처리 성능에 관한 연구 (2016)

본 연구에서는 선박에서 발생하는 대기오염물질을 처리하기 위해 사용되는 습식 스크러버를 이용한 배기가스 세정시스템(EGCS:Exhaust Gas Cleaning System)에서 발생되는 폐수를 재이용 할 수 있는 순환시스템을 개발하기 위해 진행되었다. 선박 배기가스 DePM,DeSOx 순환처리장치 (Recycle system)의 세정수의 입자성물질과...
Constant beamwidth beamforming (1993)

The beamwidth of a linear array decreases as frequency increases. For wideband beamformers such as microphone arrays intended for teleconferencing, this frequency dependence implies that signals incident on the outer portions of the main beam are subject to the undesirable effects of lowpass filtering. The authors discuss several ways of attaining beamwidth constancy and present a method based on superimposing several marginally steered beams to form a constant beamwidth multi-beam. This method provides an analytically tractable framework for designing constant beamwidth beamformers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surgical Exposures in Orthopaedics: The Anatomic Approach (1984)

CHAPTER 1: THE SHOULDER Arthroscopic Approaches -Posterior-Anterior Anterior Approach -Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Approach-Anterolateral Approach-Lateral Approach-Minimal Access Approach to the Proximal Humerus-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterolateral and Lateral Approaches-Posterior Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach CHAPTER 2: THE HUMERUS -Anterior Approach-Anterolateral Approach to the Distal Humerus-Posterior Approach-Lateral Approach to the Distal Humerus-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Arm CHAPTER 3: THE ELBOW -Posterior Approach-Medial Approach-Anterolateral Approach-Anterior Approach to the Cubital Fossa-Posterolateral Approach to the Radial Head Applied Surgical Anatomy -Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Medial Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterolateral Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach CHAPTER 4: THE FOREARM -Anterior Approach to the Radius-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm-Exposure of the Shaft of the Ulna-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Approach to the Ulna-Posterior Approach to the Radius-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach to the Radius CHAPTER 5: THE WRIST & HAND -Dorsal Approach to the Wrist-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Dorsal Approach to the Wrist-Volar Approach to the Wrist-Volar Approach to the Ulnar Nerve-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Volar Aspect of the Wrist-Volar Approach to the Flexor Tendons-Midlateral Approach to the Flexor Sheaths-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Finger Flexor Tendons-Volar Approach to the Scaphoid-Dorsolateral Approach to the Scaphoid-Drainage of Pus in the Hand Drainage of Paronychia -Drainage of a Pulp Space Infection (Felon)-Web Space Infection-Anatomy of the Web Space of the Fingers-Anatomy of the Web Space of the Thumb-Tendon Sheath Infection-Deep Palmar Space Infection-Drainage of the Medial (Midpalmar) Space-Drainage of the Lateral (Thenar) Space-Applied Surgivcal Anatomy of the Deep Palmar Space-Drainage of the Radial Bursa-Drainage of the Ulnar Bursa-Anatomy of the Hand CHAPTER 6: THE SPINE Lumbar Spine -Posterior Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach-Anterior (Transperitoneal) Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Approach-Anterolateral (Retroperitoneal) Approach Cervical Spine -Posterior Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach-Posterior Approach to the C1-2 Vertebral Space-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach to the C1-2 Vertebral Space-Anterior Approach-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Approach Thoracic Spine -Posterolateral (Costotransversectomy) Approach-Anterior (Transthoracic) Approach Specialized Approaches -Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spines for Scoliosis-Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spines-Approach to the Posterior Lateral Thora
Teaching and learning in the web 2.0 era: Empowering students through learner-generated content (2007)

This article describes how the emergence of "Web 2.0" technologies and social software tools is creating a new set of dynamics leading to increased user-led content and knowledge production that is transforming higher education curriculum and instruction. It considers the different ways in which social computing applications can be used for teaching and learning, and suggests changes to pedagogy based on greater learner control, agency, and engagement in content creation, as well as peer-to-peer sharing and review of ideas. It presents exemplars and cases of learner-generated content from universities around the world, and discusses themes of pedagogical transformation that emerge from analysis of these cases. It also discusses challenges facing the production and adoption of learner-generated content in higher education, and suggests possible ways forward to meet these challenges.
How to Create and Manipulate Radar Range-Doppler Plots (2014)

Abstract : This report lays out the mathematical framework and reasoning involved in addressing the question of how to produce false targets in both range and Doppler to jam a radar. The explanations here are given from first principles in order to clarify the approach used in writing software to address the task. They constitute standard radar theory as seen through the eyes of a physicist, and are recorded as background to the approach taken in addressing the jamming problem in a later report, to be published. We discuss how a radar generates a range Doppler plot, using a set of parameters that describe the outgoing radar signal and the relevant characteristics of the target whose impulse response is known. We also explain necessary concepts from a mathematical physicist s viewpoint: bounds on pulse parameters, correlation/convolution, the theory of Hilbert transforms, the relevant Fourier analysis, and general concepts of radar signal processing such as ambiguity functions and the maximum detectable range of a target. This entire discussion is aimed at indicating the approach and philosophy used to solve the various problems encountered while working on the task.
Magnetic nanoparticles produced by surfactant-assisted ball milling (2006)

Nanoparticles of Fe, Co, FeCo, SmCo, and NdFeB systems with sizes smaller than 30nm and narrow size distribution have been successfully prepared by ball milling in the presence of surfactants and organic carrier liquid. It has been observed that the nanoparticles prepared by milling Fe and FeCo powders were close to spherical in their shapes, whereas those of Co, SmCo, and Nd–Fe–B showed elongated rod shapes. The nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, except for the SmCo nanoparticles that were ferromagnetic. Nanoparticles of all types showed ferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures. The compositions of nanoparticles prepared by milling the SmCo, NdFeB, and FeCo powders were found to be deviated from the starting powders.
Evaluation of Misfit Relaxation in α-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Epitaxial Growth on α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Substrate (2012)

Corundum-structured α-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films were grown on c-plane α-Al2O3 (sapphire) substrates by a mist chemical vapor deposition method. To reveal the defect structures, the α-Ga2O3 film was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that the α-Ga2O3 thin film was in-plane compressive stressed from the α-Al2O3 substrate. Although misfit dislocations were periodically generated at the α-Ga2O3/α-Al2O3 interface owing to the large lattice mismatches between α-Ga2O3 and α-Al2O3, 3.54% (c-axis) and 4.81% (a-axis), most of the misfit dislocations did not thread through the layer. An extra-half plane was {110} consisting only of Ga. Screw dislocations were not confirmed, i.e., the density was under 107 cm-2. The threading dislocation density was 7 ×1010 cm-2.
Game Theory and Empirical Economics: The Case of Auction Data (1996)

GAME THEORY;GAMES;AUCTIONS;ECONOMETRICS
Conformational analysis of dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists of the benzamide series in relation to a recently proposed D-2 receptor-interaction model (1992)

Conformational analysis using molecular mechanics calculations (MM2(87)) has been performed for four different types of benzamides which display high affinity for the dopamine D-2 receptor. In order to elucidate the conformation of the receptor-bound molecules, a previously described dopamine D-2 receptor-interaction model has been employed. We conclude that all four types of benzamides accommodated in the proposed receptor-interaction model are in low-energy conformations. An acyclic amide side chain is concluded to adopt an extended conformation in the receptor-bound benzamide. A phenylpyrrole analogue of the benzamides could similarly be fitted to the model. Using the receptor-interaction model, the enantioselectivity of benzamides with an N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl side chain could be rationalized in terms of different conformational energies of the receptor-bound enantiomers. Two different receptor sites for N-alkyl substituents are suggested.
PRESENCE OF A SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE IN HELOPELTIS CLAVIFER (WALKER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) (1977)

Abstract The presence of a sex attractant pheromone in adult females of Helopeltis clavifer (Walker) was demonstrated in both laboratory and field trials. Pheromone release occurred at all times of the day, but the number of males attracted was greatest during the first few hours of darkness each day. Under field conditions, males were first attracted to four day old virgin females and continued to be attracted at intervals until the day before death.