gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piecewise Linear Models for Switch-Level Simulation (1992)

Rsim is an efficient logic plus timing simulator that employs the switched resistor transistor model and RC tree analysis to simulate efficiently MOS digital circuits at the transistor level. We investigate the incorporation of piecewise linear transistor models and generalized moments matching into this simulation framework. General piecewise linear models allow more accurate MOS models to be used to simulate circuits that are hard for Rsim. Additionally they enable the simulator to handle circuits containing bipolar transistors such as ECL and BiCMOS. Nonetheless the switched resistor model has proved to be efficient and accurate for a large class of MOS digital circuits. Therefore it is retained as just one particular model available for use in this framework. The use of piecewise linear models requires the generalization of RC tree analysis. Unlike switched resistors, more general models may incorporate gain and floating capacitance. Additionally, we extend the analysis to handle...
Recent advances in metabolic engineering of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> as a potential platform microorganism for biorefinery (2018)

Abstract The fermentative production of platform chemicals in biorefineries is a sustainable alternative to current petroleum‐refining processes. Industrial microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and Corynebacterium glutamicum, have been engineered as microbial cell factories that are able to utilize biomass for the production of value‐added platform chemicals and polymers. Compared to E. coli and S. cerevisiae , C. glutamicum displays weak carbon catabolite repression and can co‐utilize mixed sugars as carbon sources, without any significant growth retardation. Pathways for the utilization of alternative carbon sources, such as d ‐xylose and l ‐arabinose from lignocellulosic biomass, lactose and galactose from whey, glycerol from biodiesel, and methanol from natural gas refineries, have been evaluated for chemical production. However, the application of C. glutamicum in biorefineries is limited because it does not secrete hydrolases for the efficient utilization of cellulose, xylan, and starch from lignocellulosic and starch biomass. To solve the limitation, C. glutamicum has been engineered for the consolidated bioprocessing of biomass by the heterologous expression of amylolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Recently, C. glutamicum has been extensively engineered for polyamide monomer production owing to its ability to produce l ‐lysine and l ‐glutamate. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of C. glutamicum strains that can utilize renewable biomass resources for the production of industrially important chemicals. It highlights recent progress in metabolic engineering for the production of polyamide monomers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Transport of glutamine, alanine and glucose by rabbit intestinal membrane. (1991)

Malnutrition and dehydration are the immediate consequences of diarrheal diseases. To investigate the biological significance of glutamine, alanine and glucose in the intestinal mucosa, we have used Ussing chambers to determine electrolyte transport by measuring short-circuit current (Isc), potential difference (PD) and tissue resistance (TR) in rabbit intestinal mucosa. Increasing doses (10(-5) M to 10(-1) M) of glutamine, alanine and glucose cause a significant increase in intestinal cation cotransport. Although glucose had a slightly earlier effect, 30 mM glutamine and 0.1 M alanine had a maximal effect which was more than two times that caused by 30 mM glucose. The pD2 values for glucose, glutamine and alanine were 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0, respectively. The dose-response curves of these substrates suggest that the intestinal cotransport kinetics for glutamine is different from that of glucose and alanine. Our results demonstrate that all three substrates cause a significant increase in Isc or PD, suggesting an increase in the intestinal mucosa cation cotransport. Glutamine has a larger effect on cation cotransport than alanine and glucose. These combinations should be studied further for the development of an oral rehydrating solution for diarrhea treatment which could prevent the resulting malnutrition, especially in those cases of prolonged diarrheal diseases.
DNA polymerase beta mediates protection of mammalian cells against ganciclovir-induced cytotoxicity and DNA breakage. (2001)

The efficacy of suicide herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase (HSVtk)/ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy is often limited by intrinsic resistance of tumor cells. Here we show that repair of GCV incorporated in DNA is a factor involved in GCV resistance. A protective role of DNA repair in GCV-induced cell killing is supported by the following findings: (a) GCV-exposed Chinese hamster ovary-HSVtk cells exhibited both reduced repair of GCV and cloning efficiency in the presence of a specific polymerase beta (beta-pol) inhibitor, prunasin; (b) DNA beta-pol-deficient mouse fibroblasts were more sensitive to the cytotoxic, apoptosis-inducing, and genotoxic (DNA breakage and chromosomal aberration-inducing) effects of GCV as compared with wild-type and beta-pol-complemented cell lines; (c) methoxyamine, an inhibitor of beta-pol-dependent short-patch base excision repair, sensitized wild-type and complemented beta-pol cells to GCV, whereas it had no effect on the sensitivity of beta-pol-null cells to GCV. Because methoxyamine-mediated sensitization of beta-pol wild-type and beta-pol-complemented cells to GCV did not reach the level of null cells, we suggest that both beta-pol-dependent short- and long-patch base excision repair are involved in protection of cells to GCV. Some implications for HSVtk/GCV gene therapy are being discussed.
Seeing Beyond Visibility: A Four Way Fusion of User Authentication for Efficient Usable Security on Mobile Devices (2014)

Security and usability plays an important role in the success in today's computer, mobile, and technology based system. In these systems, security gets higher priority for high security measures ignoring the fact that the system may lead to an unusable one. However, everyday technology users need a system that is usable and also safe. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for usable security for mobile system i.e. a mobile system that will be usable and also secured. Traditional mobile device authentication techniques do not consider the combination of user biometrics, environmental information, and information provided by the sensors within the pervasive system. In this paper, we present a four way fusion of user authentication techniques for efficient usable security on mobile devices. In this approach user is not required to remember any alphanumeric password. The location traces, gait pattern, emotion of user and context of an image is used as metric for authentication. This system silently does authentication using location traces and gait pattern of its user. If the silent authentication fails then system authenticates its users based on user's emotion sequence and an image context previously stored by the user. Our proposed fusion based authentication technique can be useful for numerous real life scenarios where mobile device security is important.
On Testing of Superscalar Processors in Functional Mode for Delay Faults (2017)

In-field test is becoming important due to reliability concerns arising from aggressive technology scaling coupled with variation in manufacturing process. In advanced technology nodes, increasing delay variation and decreasing delay tolerance makes the condition worse. Conventional scan based delay test environment can be different from the normal operation of a circuit and has drawbacks like area overhead, application of nonfunctional vectors, clock stretching etc. Therefore, an alternative functional mode test is needed. This paper attempts to integrate a functional test and structural test. It generates structural test under functional constraints and applies in the functional mode. In an out-of-order processor, instructions are not executed in program sequence. This feature poses challenge in application of delay test through software based self-test (SBST) technique. In this paper, we describe a SBST technique to test delay faults in computational blocks of an out-of-order superscalar processor without area overhead or timing penalty. The proposed technique is applied to superscalar processor implementing portable ISA (PISA). The experimental results show 99.12% delay test efficiency of computational blocks in an execution unit.
TPO receptor agonist for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (2011)

There was currently no evidence to support that TPO receptor agonists are effective in chronic ITP. Compared to placebo or SOC, despite significantly increased platelet response, there was no evidence to demonstrate that TPO receptor agonists did improve significant bleeding events in chronic ITP. The effect on overall survival awaits further analysis. Although long-term studies are lacking, current data demonstrated adverse effects of TPO receptor agonists were similar to that of placebo and SOC.
Both Immunization with Protein and Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Can Stimulate CTL Specific for the E7 Protein of Human Papilloma Virus 16 in H‐2<sup>d</sup> Mice (1995)

The transforming protein E7 of human papilloma virus type 16 can stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which can protect experimental animals against growth of E7 expressing tumour cells. In this study we compared CTL responses in mice immunized with either E7 protein in MF59 adjuvant or with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing E7 (Vac-E7). We have chosen H-2d mice because no E7-specific CTL responses have been described in this MHC haplotype. Immunization of these mice with Vac-E7 generated CTL which lysed target cells infected with Vac-E7 or transfected with the E7 gene. CTL from mice immunized with E7 protein in MF59 adjuvant showed specificity for the same target cells. Antibody blocking experiments revealed that both immunization with Vac-E7 and E7 protein stimulated CD8+ effector CTL. The find specificity of CTL induced by the two immunization protocols was similar. A major CTL epitope was mapped to the carboxyl terminal amino acids 48-98 of the E7 protein. Peptide isolation from E7 expressing cells followed by HPLC separation indicated that CTL induced by immunization with protein and Vac-E7 recognized the same HPLC purified peptide fractions. Together, the study suggests that vaccines based on protein can activate CTL with similar fine specificity to CTL induced by vaccines based on recombinant vaccinia virus.
Dose calculations using convolution and superposition principles: The orientation of dose spread kernels in divergent x-ray beams (1993)

The convolution/superposition method of dose calculation has the potential to become the preferred technique for radiotherapy treatment planning. When this approach is used for therapeutic x-ray beams, the dose spread kernels are usually aligned parallel to the central axis of the incident beam. While this reduces the computational burden, it is more rigorous to tilt the kernel axis to align it with the diverging beam rays that define the incident direction of primary photons. We have assessed the validity of the parallel kernel approximation by computing dose distributions using parallel and tilted kernels for monoenergetic photons of 2, 6, and 10 MeV; source-to-surface distances (SSDs) of 50, 80, and 100 cm; and for field sizes of 5 x 5, 15 x 15, and 30 x 30 cm2. Over most of the irradiated volume, the parallel kernel approximation yields results that differ from tilted kernel calculations by 3% or less for SSDs greater than 80 cm. Under extreme conditions of a short SSD, a large field size and high incident photon energy, the parallel kernel approximation results in discrepancies that may be clinically unacceptable. For 10-MeV photons, we have observed that the parallel kernel approximation can overestimate the dose by up to 4.4% of the maximum on the central axis for a field size of 30 x 30 cm2 applied with a SSD of 50 cm. Very localized dose underestimations of up to 27% of the maximum dose occurred in the penumbral region of a 30 x 30-cm2 field of 10-MeV photons applied with a SSD of 50 cm.
Diagnostic Utility of SALL4 in Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumors (2009)

Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (YSTs; primary and metastatic) are rare but are malignant germ cell tumors. Pathologic diagnosis of extragonadal YSTs can be challenging without immunohistochemical markers but markers used for diagnosing these tumors such as placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and glypican-3 lack adequate sensitivity and/or specificity. In earlier studies with gonadal germ cell tumors, SALL4 has been identified as a novel diagnostic marker for YSTs and other types of primitive germ cell tumors. Here, we investigated the diagnostic utility of SALL4 in 59 extragonadal YSTs (27 primary sacrococcygeal, 15 primary nonsacrococcygeal, and 17 metastatic) by immunohistochemical staining. We also compared SALL4 with PLAP, AFP, and glypican-3. In addition, we performed immunostains for pancytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and OCT4 in these tumors. Our results showed that all 59 YSTs showed strong pancytokeratin staining (70% tumor cells in 1 case, >90% tumor cells in 58) and 10 (17%) of them also showed focal epithelial membrane antigen staining (<3% tumor cells). All 59 YSTs were negative for OCT4. Strong SALL4 staining was seen in all 59 YSTs (in more than 90% tumor cells in 54 and 70% to 85% tumor cells in 5 YSTs). Only 39 of 59 (66%) YSTs showed positive PLAP staining and the staining was often focal (in less than 30% tumor cells) (28 of 39 cases). Positive AFP staining was seen in the vast majority of YSTs (56 of 59 or 95%); however, 32 (54%) YSTs showed staining in less than 30% tumor cells. Although all 59 YSTs showed positive glypican-3 staining, 18 (30%) showed staining in less than 30% tumor cells, and additional 10 (17%) showed staining in between 30% and 60% tumor cells. In these 59 YSTs, the mean percentage of tumor cells stained with PLAP was 14% (range: 0% to 90%), with AFP 35% (range 0% to 95%), and with glypican-3 57% (range: 1% to 100%), whereas the mean percentage of tumor cells stained for SALL4 was 94% (range: 70% to 100%) (P<0.001). Our results indicate that SALL4 is a novel sensitive (100% sensitivity) diagnostic marker for extragonadal YSTs. SALL4 is a more sensitive marker than PLAP, AFP, or glypican-3 for extragonadal YSTs.
Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Adrenal Steroids. XI. Dehydrocorticosterone and Cortisone (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApproaches to the Total Synthesis of Adrenal Steroids. XI. Dehydrocorticosterone and CortisoneG. I. Poos, R. M. Lukes, G. E. Arth, and L. H. SarettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 20, 5031–5034Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01649a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01649a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding the intent behind mobile information needs (2009)

Mobile phones are becoming increasingly popular as a means of information access while on-the-go. Mobile users are likely to be interested in locating different types of content. However, the mobile space presents a number of key challenges, many of which go beyond issues with device characteristics such as screen-size and input capabilities. In particular, changing contexts such as location, time, activity and social interactions are likely to impact on the types of information needs that arise. In order to offer personalized, effective mobile services we need to understand mobile users in more detail. Thus we carried out a four-week diary study of mobile information needs, looking in particular at the goal/intent behind mobile information needs, the topics users are interested in and the impact of mobile contexts such as location and time on user needs.
做最好的超低音系统 美国ＪＬ ＡＵＤＩＯ品牌史沿革 (2011)

我们非常感激你对儿音响产品的关心，并且希望它能成为你家庭音响和家庭影院中的一部分。 当我们进入家庭音响市场的时候，我们公司承诺会以性能和品质的最高标准来创造产品。我们相信你会从Fathom@或者Gofham中的每个细节中看到儿音响对品质的承诺，但最重要的是，我们相信你会在每次欣赏电影和享受音乐的时候都会感受得到。
Interprocedural optimization: Experimental results (1989)

Abstract The problem of tracking data flow across procedure boundaries has a long history of theoretical study by people who believed that such information would be useful for code optimization. Building upon previous work, an algorithm for interprocedural data flow analysis has been implemented. The algorithm produces three flow‐insensitive summary sets: MOD, USE and ALIASES. The utility of the resulting information was investigated using an optimizing Pascal compiler. Over a sampling of 27 bench‐marks, new optimizations performed as a result of interprocedural summary information contributed almost nothing to program execution speed. Finally, related optimization techniques of possibly greater potential are discussed.
<title>Mean-matching halftoning on a rotated quad-tree structure</title> (1996)

We describe a new halftoning algorithm that uses a multiscale dot distribution procedure over a rotated quad-tree structure. The algorithm ensures that the average graylevel of the grayscale image over any node of the rotated quad-tree is equal to that of the halftone at the same node. This is achieved by first deciding the total number of black and white dots to be placed over the entire halftone, and then distributing the dots recursively to the subregions represented by the nodes of the rotated quad-tree.
Thermomechanical cuttings cleaner – qualification for offshore treatment of oil contaminated cuttings on the norwegian continental shelf and martin linge case study (2014)

The aim of this thesis is to introduce and qualify the Thermomechanical Cuttings Cleaner (TCC) technology for treatment of oil contaminated cuttings on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) with particular reference to the Martin Linge field development.\nIn the first part, a summary of drilling waste, related regulation and waste management techniques is given to present the possible treatment and disposal options of oil contaminated cuttings.\nThe thesis then informs about the TCC technology in detail. In the next section the TCC’s treatment capacity and efficiency is verified by means of field data analysis. Both environmental considerations and TCC field experience are taken into account to qualify the TCC technology for use. In the last section the TCC cuttings treatment is compared to cuttings re-injection and skip & ship solution with the aim to find and implement the best cuttings treatment solution at the Martin Linge field.\nIn Conclusion, the thesis argues that the TCC technology qualifies for use on NCS and outlines it to be the best cuttings handling solution for the Martin Linge field development with regards to HSE-, cost and operation reliability considerations. The author recommends the implementation of the TCC technology as presented in the thesis.
Eradication Therapies for HIV Infection: Time to Begin Again (2011)

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in decreasing mortality for HIV-1-infected patients, ART has not cured the disease. A persistent viral reservoir in the T cells of HIV patients receiving potent ART is a significant barrier preventing eradication of HIV infection. We will briefly review what is known about the mechanisms that establish and maintain persistent HIV infection despite ART, to create a framework in which to consider approaches to the clearance or eradication of infection ("cure"), or to allow clinical stability in the absence of ART ("functional cure"). With regard to eradication therapies, it could be said that as a field our position is analogous to that of ART early in the HIV pandemic. As then we must now simultaneously develop and optimize platforms and paradigms for the discovery and testing of eradication therapies, and begin to advance candidate therapies toward human testing.
Evaluating whole-page relevance (2010)

Whole page relevance defines how well the surface-level repre-sentation of all elements on a search result page and the corre-sponding holistic attributes of the presentation respond to users' information needs. We introduce a method for evaluating the whole-page relevance of Web search engine results pages. Our key contribution is that the method allows us to investigate aspects of component relevance that are difficult or impossible to judge in isolation. Such aspects include component-level information redundancy and cross-component coherence. The method we describe complements traditional document relevance measurement, affords comparative relevance assessment across multiple search engines, and facilitates the study of important factors such as brand presentation effects and component-level quality.
An efficiently computable metric for comparing polygonal shapes (1991)

A method for comparing polygons that is a metric, invariant under translation, rotation, and change of scale, reasonably easy to compute, and intuitive is presented. The method is based on the L/sub 2/ distance between the turning functions of the two polygons. It works for both convex and nonconvex polygons and runs in time O(mn log mn), where m is the number of vertices in one polygon and n is the number of vertices in the other. Some examples showing that the method produces answers that are intuitively reasonable are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biochemical Adaptations to Endurance Exercise in Muscle (1976)

Two quite distinct adaptive responses can be induced in skeletal muscle by regularly performed, strenuous exercise. The nature of the exercise stimulus determines the type of adaptation. One type of adaptation involves hypertrophy of the muscle cells with an increase in strength; it is exemplified in its most extreme form by the muscles of weight lifters and body builders. The second type of adaptation involves an increase in the capacity of muscle for aerobic metabolism with an increase in endurance and is found in its most highly developed form in the muscles of competi­ tive middleand long-distance runners, long-distance cross-country skiers, bicy­ clists, and swimmers. Although many types of physical activity can bring about varying degrees of both types of adaptation in the same muscle, it does appear that these adaptations can occur quite independently of each other in their most extreme forms. For example, the hypertrophied muscles of weight lifters do not appear to have an increased respiratory capacity (45), whereas the muscles of rodents trained by prolonged daily running, which have a large increase in respiratory capacity, are not hypertrophied (56, 92) and show no increase in strength (12). This review deals with the biochemical adaptations induced in skeletal muscle by the endurance type of exercise and with the physiological consequences of these adaptations.