gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organizational characteristics and information content of an archaeal genome: 156kb of sequence from <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> P2 (1996)

We have initiated a project to sequence the 3 Mbp genome of the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. Cosmids were selected from a provisional set of minimally overlapping clones, subcloned in pUC18, and sequenced using a hybrid (random plus directed) strategy to give two blocks of contiguous unique sequence, respectively, 100,389 and 56,105 bp. These two contigs contain a total of 163 open reading frames (ORFs) in 26-29 putative operons; 56 ORFs could be identified with reasonable certainty. Clusters of ORFs potentially encode proteins of glycogen biosynthesis, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, ATP-dependent transport across membranes, isoprenoid biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and ribosomes. Putative promoters occur upstream of most ORFs. Thirty per cent of the predicted strong and medium-strength promoters can initiate transcription at the start codon or within 10 nucleotides upstream, indicating a process of initial mRNA-ribosome contact unlike that of most eubacterial genes. A novel termination motif is proposed to account for 15 additional terminations. The two contigs differ in densities of ORFs, insertion elements and repeated sequences; together they contain two copies of the previously reported insertion sequence ISC 1217, five additional IS elements representing four novel types, four classes of long non-IS repeated sequences, and numerous short, perfect repeats.
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone induces melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells through cAMP-dependent signalling (2011)

Melanin protects the skin against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and diverse free radicals. Agents that increase melanin synthesis in melanocytes may reduce UVR-induced skin damage and skin cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (5,7-DMF) on melanogenic protein expression and signalling pathways. We found that 5,7-DMF significantly increased melanin content by upregulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and related melanogenic proteins. Additionally, 5,7-DMF increased cAMP levels, which activates a cascade of reactions, such as cAMP responsive element-binding protein and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signalling. Thus, 5,7-DMF may be an effective pigmentation stimulator for photoprotection and hypopigmentation disorders.
Natural History of Pertussis Antibody in the Infant and Effect on Vaccine Response (1990)

To better characterize the transplacental transfer and persistence of pertussis antibodies and their role in the immune response to vaccine, concentrations of pertussis agglutinins and antibodies to lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were measured in three distinct groups of serum. Transplacental pertussis IgG antibody concentrations in newborns were found to be comparable to corresponding maternal concentrations and to decline with a half-life of approximately 6 weeks. By the age of 4 months, most infants had no detectable antibodies to LPF or FHA. Higher concentrations of maternally derived antibody to LPF were associated with a significantly weaker antibody response to conventional vaccine. In contrast, acellular vaccine stimulated superior antibody production, regardless of antecedent concentrations of antibody to LPF. The data support continuation of the current schedule of pertussis immunization and further efforts to develop an acellular vaccine for use in young infants.
Virtual WLAN: Going beyond Virtual Access Points (2024)

Wireless nodes equipped with multiple radio interfaces open up new fields of application. Ranging from multi-channel usage in a cell in order to increase the bandwidth to the creation of meshed multi-hop topologies. Using multiple wireless cards demands a large physical space, more energy consumption and as a consequence decreasing in the battery lifetime. Virtualization of the wireless network interface, which means to use a single wireless network interface to connect to more than one network simultaneously, seems to be a promising approach, since it allows us to realize the mentioned scenarios only with one radio interface. In this paper, we want to shed light on the state of the art and want to introduce new approaches to push this field beyond the current status.
Intersheet spacing control and controllability of a copier paper path (2002)

This paper presents a control and controllability approach for a copier paper path. The paper path transports sheets from the feeder to the image transfer section. At arrival time, every sheet must synchronize with the photoreceptor. The hybrid character of the system makes classical control approaches difficult. A control scheme that controls intersheet spacings is proposed. A controllability analysis illustrates the influence of system geometry and actuators on system controllability for simplified system dynamics. Combined with a disturbance model, this can lead to an optimal paper path design strategy. An experimental setup was built for disturbance identification and control scheme evaluation.
The role of cyclin synthesis, modification and destruction in the control of cell division (1989)

This paper reviews our current knowledge of the cyclins based on observations of the oocytes and eggs of sea urchins, clams and frogs. Cyclins are proteins found in all eukaryotes whose special property is rapid destruction at specific stages in the cell cycle. The cyclins fall into three families. A-type cyclins have been found in clams, flies and frogs. B-type cyclins have been found in clams, flies, frogs, sea urchins and fission yeast. A more distantly related family of three genes is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. B-type cyclins appear to be required for cells to enter mitosis, and their destruction is thought to be necessary for exit from mitosis. We describe evidence in support of these ideas, and describe various conditions under which cyclin destruction is delayed or deranged. We conclude with a discussion of the relationship between the cyclins and maturation- (or M phase-) promoting factor and some ideas on how the cyclins may work.
Sol−Gel Synthesis of NASICON:  1D and 2D NMR Investigation (1999)

The preparation of NASICON powders has been achieved by sol−gel methods. The precursor solution was either rapidly hydrolyzed, to get a precipitate, or slowly gelated under exposure to atmospheric humidity. The slow hydrolysis process was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in liquid phase. Two-dimensional experiments indicate the occurrence of ligand exchange reactions in solution. Monodimensional 1H, 13C, 31P, and 23Na NMR spectra were also measured. NMR allowed us to follow the advancement of the reaction and determine the degree of polymerization. NASICON powders having the Na3Zr2Si2PO12 composition were prepared by heating both precursors at various temperatures in the range 800−1200 °C for 1 h. The phase evolution as a function of the decomposition temperature was investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The NASICON prepared by fast hydrolysis contained a larger amount of free zirconia, while the samples prepared by slow hydrolysis were almost pure, showing a monoclinic structure.
The sodium leak channel, NALCN, in health and disease (2014)

Ion channels are crucial components of cellular excitability and are involved in many neurological diseases. This review focuses on the sodium leak, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-activated NALCN channel that is predominantly expressed in neurons where it regulates the resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. NALCN is part of a complex that includes not only GPCRs, but also UNC-79, UNC-80, NLF-1 and src family of Tyrosine kinases (SFKs). There is growing evidence that the NALCN channelosome critically regulates its ion conduction. Both in mammals and invertebrates, animal models revealed an involvement in many processes such as locomotor behaviors, sensitivity to volatile anesthetics, and respiratory rhythms. There is also evidence that alteration in this NALCN channelosome can cause a wide variety of diseases. Indeed, mutations in the NALCN gene were identified in Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (INAD) patients, as well as in patients with an Autosomal Recessive Syndrome with severe hypotonia, speech impairment, and cognitive delay. Deletions in NALCN gene were also reported in diseases such as 13q syndrome. In addition, genes encoding NALCN, NLF- 1, UNC-79, and UNC-80 proteins may be susceptibility loci for several diseases including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, autism, epilepsy, alcoholism, cardiac diseases and cancer. Although the physiological role of the NALCN channelosome is poorly understood, its involvement in human diseases should foster interest for drug development in the near future. Toward this goal, we review here the current knowledge on the NALCN channelosome in physiology and diseases.
859. The hydrolysis of acetic anhydride. Part VII. Catalysis by pyridine and methylpyridines in acetate buffers (1961)

A. R. Butler and V. Gold, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 4362 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610004362
Customized Sealants for Water/Gas Shutoff Operations in Horizontal and Highly Deviated Wellbore Completions (2015)

Abstract Horizontal wellbores can present unique problems during water and gas shutoff operations. The primary challenges include the extended length of many horizontal wells, which could be outside the reach of coiled tubing (CT), and the fact that many are completed with open holes, gravel packs, or slotted liners. With gravel pack and slotted liner completions, it can be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to obtain complete zonal isolation. Even when the offending water or gas producing zones are clearly demarcated from the producing zones, chemical remediation remains arduous. Mechanical plugs can be set inside gravel pack screens or slotted liners and a chemical sealant can be pumped into this isolated internal section. However, it is difficult to limit fluid flow in the outer annular space. Because most chemical sealants are designed to have relatively low viscosity, they tend to slump to the low side of the wellbore, either inside or outside of this isolated section. Consequently, the water and/or gas zones are not uniformly exposed to the treatment, which could result in an incomplete seal. Because more horizontal wells are being drilled, water/gas shutoff systems are necessary for these types of completions. An ideal sealant system would exhibit flow properties facilitating pumping and placement while, immediately upon placement in the desired location, resist slumping by behaving as a thick paste. This paper presents three systems designed to address the challenges associated with treatment of zones within horizontal wellbores. The objective was to develop sealant systems that would not slump upon placement and subsequently undergo polymerization, crosslinking, or setting and provide lasting seals to prevent water/gas flow. The fluids discussed include polymeric and monomeric gels and a Sorel cement based system, which additionally contains additives to provide slump resistant properties. The chemistries that impart the slump resistant properties are discussed. In addition, laboratory data is presented to include slump measurements, gelation times, and flow resistance measurements.
Magnetic Losses in Metallic Glasses under Pulsed Excitation (1983)

Magnetic losses in ferromagnetic metallic glasses are discussed with respect to their use in particle accelerators. Domain models for magnetization under fast pulse conditions are discussed and compared to experimental measurements.
Age dependent lipid and protein changes in individual bovine lenses (1987)

Successive fiber fractions isolated from individual bovine lenses were fractionated to examine changes in lens proteins and membrane lipids as a function of age. In calf lens of about 1.2 gm wet weight, cholesterol (C) is maintained at a level of 3.3 microgram/mg dry weight in the outer cortical 30% of the lens. In the inner cortex, a C content of 2.4 micrograms/mg was found that decreased somewhat to 2.1 micrograms/mg in the inner nuclear 20% of the lens. The almost linear decrease in phospholipid (P) content from 11.6 in the cortex to 1.7 micrograms/mg in the nucleus resulted in a cortex to nucleus increase in C/P ratio from 0.5 to about 2.0 (mol/mol). Compared to calf lenses, a low C level of 2.4 micrograms/mg was observed in the outer cortex of cow lenses (approximately 3.0 gm wet weight). No significant difference in C level was found between the calf and cow lenses either in the inner cortical or nuclear regions. The P level was reduced to 6 and 1.2 micrograms/mg in the outer cortex and nucleus of the cow lens, respectively. The low nuclear P content is responsible for the observed high C/P value of 3.6. The lower lipid content found in the cortex of older lens suggests an age dependent decrease in the amount of available membrane lipid to envelope the newly formed fibers. A cortex to nucleus increase in the amount of urea-soluble (US) protein fraction from about 6 to 14% of total fiber mass was observed with the calf lens. In the cow lenses, the nuclear US fraction accounts for almost 30% of the fiber.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
20-GHz phased-array-fed antennas utilizing distributed MMIC modules (1986)

The feasibility of phased-array-fed dual-reflector systems with distributed power and phase control, and utilizing monolithic microwave integrated circuit modules, is demonstrated. Secondary radiation patterns for various antenna configurations, calculated using a method in which the phased array for each scanning direction is simulated by a fictitious point source, are computed to determine the achievable EIRP levels, sidelobe isolation, and cross-polarization isolation. The focal-region-fed Cassegrain reflector was found to be best suited for fixed multiple beam applications, while the phased-array-fed dual-reflector configuration was selected for multiple scanning beams. Key elements of the phased-array design including a radiating square horn and a square orthomode transducer were fabricated and tested.
Reducing legacy bias in gesture elicitation studies (2014)

research-article Reducing legacy bias in gesture elicitation studies Share on Authors: Meredith Ringel Morris Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , Andreea Danielescu Arizona State University Arizona State UniversityView Profile , Steven Drucker Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , Danyel Fisher Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , Bongshin Lee Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , m. c. schraefel University of Southampton University of SouthamptonView Profile , Jacob O. Wobbrock University of Washington University of WashingtonView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 21Issue 3May-June 2014 pp 40–45https://doi.org/10.1145/2591689Online:01 May 2014Publication History 125citation1,860DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations125Total Downloads1,860Last 12 Months569Last 6 weeks57 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Metal ions and complexes in organic reactions. Part XIV. Syntheses of NN′-bisdiarylphenylenediamines (1972)

The following NN′-bisdiarylphenylenediamines were obtained, together with by-products, from copper-catalysed substitution of iodo-compounds : p-bisdiphenylaminobenzene (II), p-bis-(o-nitro-N-phenylanilino)benzene (IV), and N-(p-diphenylaminophenyl)-o-nitro-N-phenylaniline (III). Compound (III) was identical with a by product previously isolated from a copper-catalysed reaction between diphenylamine and o-bromonitrobenzene.
Designing a Collaborative Finger Painting Application for Children (2000)

We describe the design and implementation of a collaborative, computer-based finger painting program for children using a new hardware input device called a MultiTouch Surface (MTS). The MTS uses a flat surface about the size of a keyboard to track multiple, simultaneous finger motions, which we transform into paint strokes on a screen. We describe related work and explain how our program design was guided by the suggestions of children. We discuss the hardware and software of the MTS and the challenges of designing our program. Finally, we present the Finger Painting Table, a collaborative, embedded application built using the MTS, and discuss future work. K
Interaction of GTP derivatives with cellular and oncogenic ras-p21 proteins (1991)

A series of N2-substituted guanosine 5'-triphosphates was synthesized from the corresponding nucleosides. The nucleosides were prepared by treatment of N2-substituted guanines with tetra-O-acetylribose under conditions which maximized the yield of the 9-beta-guanosine isomers. These nucleotides and several sugar- and base-modified analogues of GTP were tested for their ability to bind to cellular and oncogenic forms of the GTP/GDP binding proteins, Ha-ras-p21. Several N2-substituted GTPs showed affinities higher than that of GDP itself, and the N2-[p-(n-butyl)phenyl] derivative bound to the oncogenic mutant, Leu-61 p21, twice as strongly as to the cellular protein. Changes in relative affinities of the nucleotides are discussed with reference to reported crystallographic structures of p21.
Process of Natural Gas Explosion in Linked Vessels with Three Structures Obtained Using Numerical Simulation (2020)

Combinations of spherical vessels and pipes are frequently employed in industries. Scholars have primarily studied gas explosions in closed vessels and pipes. However, knowledge of combined spherical vessel and pipe systems is limited. Therefore, a flame acceleration simulator was implemented with computational fluid dynamics software and was employed to conduct natural gas explosions in three structures, including a single spherical vessel, a single spherical vessel with a pipe connected to it, and a big spherical vessel connected to a small spherical vessel with a pipe. These simulations reflected physical experiments conducted by at Nanjing Tech University. By changing the sizes of vessels, lengths of pipes, and ignition positions in linked vessels, we obtained relevant laws for the time, pressure, temperature, and concentrations of combustion products. Moreover, the processes of natural gas explosions in different structures were obtained from simulation results. Simulation results agreed strongly with corresponding experimental data, validating the reliability of simulation.
Power system applications for phasor measurement units (1994)

State-of-the-art technology now permits measurement and analysis of power system performance on a scale not previously possible. Synchronized sampling, derived from the GPS (Global Positioning System), and high accuracy sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters form the basis for a system that can measure the state of the power system at a given instant over any area. Samples are acquired 12 times per cycle and are processed by a recursive discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm. This produces the magnitude and angle of the input signal for each sample. The resulting phasors can be combined to produce a positive sequence phasor for a set of three phase inputs. The positive sequence quantities can be used to calculate voltage and current phase and magnitude, real and reactive power, frequency, and impedance. Since the positive sequence parameters are acquired at the same instant (within 1 microsecond), the state of the system at the measured nodes is known at the sample time. Applications to fault recording, disturbance recording, transmission and generation modelling verification, and power system stabiliser testing, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smear layer removal capacity of disinfectant solutions used with and without EDTA for the irrigation of canals: a SEM study (2003)

The purpose of this study was to carry out a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the cleaning qualities and smear layer removal from root canal walls, instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, 2.0% chlorhexidine and saline solutions. Fifty extracted teeth were used in this study. All teeth were radiographed to determine the existence of a single canal. The crowns were cut at the cervical limit and the root canals were instrumented with K-type files up to size 45. During root canal preparation, irrigations were made with the different solutions being evaluated: Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl (10 roots); Group 2: 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA for 2 minute (10 roots); Group 3: 2.0% chlorhexidine (10 roots); Group 4: 2.0% chlorhexidine and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (10 roots); Group 5: saline solution (5 roots); Group 6: saline solution and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (5 roots). After instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with each one of the solutions and the roots were cut in the buccolingual direction for SEM analysis, at the cervical, middle and apical thirds, to ascertain the presence or absence of smear layer and debris. SEM analysis was performed by three calibrated examiners and scores were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test at the significance level of p = 5%. Results showed that the use of 17% EDTA decreased the smear layer significantly (p < 0.05) for all evaluated solutions in all thirds. When EDTA was not used, a significantly higher quantity of smear layer on the apical third was observed only in the NaOCl groups. The use of 17% EDTA was significant for debris removal except for the chlorhexidine groups. The following conclusion could be drawn: the use of 17% EDTA was necessary to enhance cleanness of the root canals.
Distributing SystemC structures in parallel simulations (2009)

This paper deals with the most popular attempts of distributing SystemC simulations. SystemC is becoming a popular framework for System-On-Chip (SoC) design and verification. Innovation in processor design does not come easily. Smaller features, faster speeds, and intricate digital logic require more simulation resources to accurately gauge the worth of a new design. In order to provide these resources, distributed simulation conforms to a scalable solution to test and verification of complex system models. In this paper, we review the main approaches to distribute SystemC framework. We analyze the efficiency of the main approaches to distribute the simulation of SystemC models and we present our own approach, which is based on the analyzed ones. We test the scalability of our distributed approach by increasing the number of elements in a self-developed system model. After this, we evaluate its usability in a real SystemC design where complex C++ structures are used and must be distributed across several processes. We show the effectiveness of our approach using a model with n RISC processors and a single n-port RAM.