gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field-Evolved Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin CryIC in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1996)

Journal Article Field-Evolved Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin CryIC in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Get access Yong-Biao Liu, Yong-Biao Liu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce E. Tabashnik, Bruce E. Tabashnik Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marianne Pusztai-Carey Marianne Pusztai-Carey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 89, Issue 4, 1 August 1996, Pages 798–804, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.4.798 Published: 01 August 1996 Article history Received: 21 April 1995 Accepted: 21 March 1996 Published: 01 August 1996
A generalized phase unwrapping approach for sparse data (2003)

Phase unwrapping is usually considered for data defined on a rectangular grid. In this article, the case in which data are available on a sparse set of points is considered. The authors formulate a generalized unwrapping approach to deal with sparse data. The method can require the use of an approximate model of the differences of the unwrapped phase function to be reconstructed. Given a parametric model of the unwrapped phase differences, a technique to determine the parameter values that make the model fit "best" with the sparse wrapped phase data is also proposed. Tests performed on SAR differential interferometric data confirm the validity of the approach.
Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Filled Natural Rubber Compounds: Effects of Filler Loading and Types of Matrix (2011)

Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) was utilized as a filler in natural rubber (SMR L) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) compounds. Results indicated that the maximum torque, scorch, and cure time of SMR L compounds increased with increasing R-PET loading, whereas ENR 50 compounds showed the decreasing trend in scorch and cure time. Increment in R-PET increased crosslink density and tensile modulus of both natural rubber compounds. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and fatigue life of both natural rubber compounds showed the decreased trend with increasing R-PET loading but ENR 50 showed the lower values than SMR L compounds. The thermal degradation was shifted to a higher temperature and the micrographs exhibited the detachment of R-PET and more agglomeration with increasing R-PET loading in both natural rubber compounds.
Plots and Politics in Aeschylus (1962)

The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which Aeschylus may have altered the forms or emphases of the traditional plots which he used in the Oresteia and the Supplices and to decide whether we are justified in interpreting any such adjustments as a commentary on recent or contemporary politics. Much of what follows is not, of course, new; but a fresh analysis of the old evidence will, I hope, show that rather than take sides strongly in political disputes, Aeschylus chose to suggest how men ought to approach problems of public life and solve them in the best interests of all.
The generation of recurring high-voltage X-ray impulses (1952)

Voltage-multiplication devices, such as the Marx and similar inductance circuits, have been operated at high recurrence frequencies and used as voltage sources for X-ray generation. The merits of this arrangement and the problem of obtaining optimum X-ray efficiency are discussed in relation to the design of voltage network and X-ray tube.The operation of the generator depends upon the production of short rectangular pulses, and this has been achieved by incorporating delay lines in each stage of the generator. In consequence, the generator has a characteristic impedance which, for optimum efficiency, must equal the X-ray tube impedance. The latter is non-linear, but it is shown that this is an advantage rather than a disadvantage because it suppresses multiple reflections.The X-ray-tube problem differs from that of the ordinary constant-voltage tube in that a higher peak emission is required. The possibilities of using thermionic, field-emission or low-pressure gas-filled tubes are discussed.
Smart Nanostructured Materials Deliver High Reliability Completion Tools for Gas Shale Fracturing (2011)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is considered necessary for economically efficient gas production in low natural permeability shale resources. Flow control devices such as setting balls or plugs are used for sleeve actuation or stimulation diversion during fracturing. After fracturing, these in-flowpath devices must be disposed of by methods such as drilling out or flowing back to open the flowpath for production. Traditional low-strength ball or plug materials are prone to shape changes. Severe deformations present flowback issues and potentially require costly intervention. Additionally, it is believed that smaller balls—particularly from the well's toe section—do not always flow back to surface, leading to potential restrictions in the tubing. Operations value the concept of fully degradable ball material. Traditional degradable material, though, lacks the high material strength necessary for high-pressure fracturing and has unreliable degradation rates. This paper will present a newly-developed nanostructured material technology called controlled electrolytic metallics (CEM), which makes high-strength and lightweight metallic composites possible. This new class of composites is completely corrodible in typical downhole environments at a predictable and controllable rate. CEM balls have passed multiple impact tests at speeds exceeding 100 mph. In 3% potassium chloride (KCl) at 200°F, these balls can completely corrode away in-situ in days. Material composition and associated processing can be changed to increase material strength by several times and the corrosion rate by several hundred times. CEM balls performed as designed in Bakken shale field testing. Material can be designed to rapidly corrode in 5 to 15% hydrogen chloride (HCl), giving a foolproof technology with operational flexibility. The fundamentals of innovative material design and processes, along with lab test and field application data of this material will be presented. CEM-based completion tools eliminate drilling out, guarantee an open flow path for each fractured zone, and enhance well productivity. This truly interventionless technology is also being researched for high-pressure, high-temperature (HP/HT) applications.
Consequences of bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization or early embryo development in vitro versus in vivo: Implications for blastocyst yield and blastocyst quality (2002)

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization or culture in vivo or in vitro on the proportion of oocytes reaching the blastocyst stage, and on blastocyst quality as measured by survival following vitrification. In Experiment 1, 4 groups of oocytes were used: (1) immature oocytes from 2-6 mm follicles; (2) immature oocytes from > 6 mm follicles; (3) immature oocytes recovered in vivo just before the LH surge; and (4) in vivo matured oocytes. Significantly more blastocysts developed from oocytes matured in vivo than those recovered just before the LH surge or than oocytes from 2-6 mm follicles. Results from > 6 mm follicles were intermediate. All blastocysts had low survival following vitrification. In Experiment 2, in vivo matured oocytes were either (1) fertilized in vitro or (2) fertilized in vivo by artificial insemination and the resulting presumptive zygotes recovered on day 1. Both groups were then cultured in vitro. In vivo fertilized oocytes had a significantly higher blastocyst yield than those fertilized in vitro. Blastocyst quality was similar between the groups. Both groups had low survival following vitrification. In Experiment 3a, presumptive zygotes produced by in vitro maturation (IVM)/fertilization (IVF) were cultured either in vitro in synthetic oviduct fluid, or in vivo in the ewe oviduct. In Experiment 3b, in vivo matured/in vivo fertilized zygotes were either surgically recovered on day 1 and cultured in vitro in synthetic oviduct fluid, or were nonsurgically recovered on day 7. There was no difference in blastocyst yields between groups of zygotes originating from the same source (in vivo or in vitro fertilization) irrespective of whether culture took place in vivo or in vitro. However, there was a dramatic effect on blastocyst quality with those blastocysts produced following in vivo culture surviving vitrification at significantly higher rates than their in vitro cultured counterparts. Collectively, these results indicate that the intrinsic quality of the oocyte is the main factor affecting blastocyst yields, while the conditions of embryo culture have a crucial role in determining blastocyst quality.
Adaptive Bit-Interleaved Coded Irregular Modulation (2005)

Abstract — We consider a simple method to improve the adaptiveness and flexibility of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) for various channel models. With state-of-the art adap-tive transmission techniques, the raw adaptation of the data rate to the channel characteristics is usually done by selecting an appropriate signal constellation and the fine adaptation is done by changing the code rate. To enable a fine adaptation also with the modulation, irregular modulation schemes have been introduced in [1]. With irregular modulation, different signal constellations may be used within one code block, even if only the average channel state is known at the transmitter. In this paper, irregular modulation schemes are analyzed using EXIT charts, capacity, error bounds and error rate simulations. I.
The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 facilitates the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (2014)

NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) have been described as a fundamental innate immune defence mechanism. During formation of NETs, the nuclear membrane is disrupted by an as-yet unknown mechanism. In the present study we investigated the role of human cathelicidin LL-37 in nuclear membrane disruption and formation of NETs. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that 5 μM LL-37 significantly facilitated NET formation by primary human blood-derived neutrophils alone, in the presence of the classical chemical NET inducer PMA or in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Parallel assays with a random LL-37 fragment library indicated that the NET induction is mediated by the hydrophobic character of the peptide. The trans-localization of LL-37 towards the nucleus and the disruption of the nuclear membrane were visualized using confocal fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a novel role for LL-37 in the formation of NETs.
On the feasibility of dynamic rescheduling on the Intel Distributed Computing Platform (2010)

This paper examines the feasibility of dynamic rescheduling techniques for effectively utilizing compute resources within a data center. Our work is motivated by practical concerns of Intel Distributed Computing Platform (IDCP), an Internet-scale data center based distributed computing platform developed by Intel Corporation for massively parallel chip simulations within the company. IDCP has been operational for many years, and currently is deployed live on tens of thousands of machines that are globally distributed at various data centers. We perform an analysis of job execution traces obtained over a one year period collected from tens of thousands of IDCP machines from 20 different pools. Our analysis shows that the IDCP currently does not make full use of all the resources. Specifically, the job completion time can be severely impacted due to job suspension when high priority jobs preempt low priority jobs. We then develop dynamic job rescheduling strategies that adaptively restart jobs to available resources elsewhere, which better utilize system resources and improve completion times. Our trace-driven evaluation results show that dynamic rescheduling enables IDCP to significantly reduce system waste and completion time of suspended jobs.
Implementation of MEMS-SAW device on RF circuits for wireless applications (2007)

In this paper we design RF SAW filter for wireless communication system applications. Modeling and simulation of the SAW filter for RF circuit is carried out. The modeling parameters are assuming monolithic integration of the SAW filter on CMOS chip. The optimum design of IDT parameters is considered for obtaining wide bandwidth of the filter. Simulation results are presented to investigate the performance of the SAW filter.
M-ary sequential hypothesis tests for automatic target recognition (1992)

Several forms of sequential hypothesis testing algorithms are described and their performance as classification algorithms for automatic target recognition is evaluated and compared. Several forms of parameteric algorithms, as well as a sequential form of a useful nonparametric algorithm are considered. The primary focus is the design of algorithms for automatic target recognition that produce maximally reliable decisions while requiring, on the average, a minimum number of backscatter measurements. The tradeoffs between the average number of required measurements and the error performance of the resulting algorithms are compared by means of Monte-Carlo simulation studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid Folding of Calcium-Free Subtilisin by a Stabilized Pro-Domain Mutant (1999)

In vitro folding of mature subtilisin is extremely slow. The isolated pro-domain greatly accelerates in vitro folding of subtilisin in a bimolecular reaction whose product is a tight complex between folded subtilisin and folded pro-domain. In our studies of subtilisin, we are trying to answer two basic questions: why does subtilisin fold slowly without the pro-domain and what does the pro-domain do to accelerate the folding rate? To address these general questions, we are trying to characterize all the rate constants governing individual steps in the bimolecular folding reaction of pro-domain with subtilisin. Here, we report the results of a series of in vitro folding experiments using an engineered pro-domain mutant which is independently stable (proR9) and two calcium-free subtilisin mutants. The bimolecular folding reaction of subtilisin and proR9 occurs in two steps: an initial binding of proR9 to unfolded subtilisin, followed by isomerization of the initial complex into the native complex. The central findings are as follows. First, the independently stable proR9 folds subtilisin much faster than the predominantly unfolded wild-type pro-domain. Second, at micromolar concentrations of proR9, the subtilisin folding reaction becomes limited by the rate at which prolines in the unfolded state can isomerize to their native conformation. The simpliest mechanism which closely describes the data includes two denatured forms of subtilisin, which form the initial complex with proR9 at the same rate but which isomerize to the fully folded complex at much different rates. In this model, 77% of the subtilisin isomerizes to the native form slowly and the remaining 23% isomerizes more rapidly (1.5 s-1). The slow-folding population may be unfolded subtilisin with the trans form of proline 168, which must isomerize to the cis form during refolding. Third, in the absence of proline isomerization, the rate of subtilisin folding is rapid and at [proR9] </= 20 microM is limited by the rate at which the proR9 forms a collision complex with unfolded subtilisin. Without proline isomerization, the rate of the isomerization of the initial collision complex to the folded complex is >3 s-1. The implications of these results concerning why subtilisin folds slowly without the pro-domain are discussed.
Transistor Shift Registers (1954)

Three different types of high-speed transistor shift registers are discussed. The high speed (3 to 5 microseconds per shift pulse) is made possible by the use of nonsaturating bistable circuits. Two general shift registers are described making use of respectively one and two transistors per stage. The third register is of a specialized variety capable of shifting a single digit. In addition, an analysis is made of the triggering requirements of the register using a single transistor per stage.
The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD): assessing the accuracy of DFT formation energies (2015)

Abstract The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD) is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory (DFT) total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) and decorations of commonly occurring crystal structures. To maximise the impact of these data, the entire database is being made available, without restrictions, at www.oqmd.org/download . In this paper, we outline the structure and contents of the database, and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of compounds. This represents the largest comparison between DFT and experimental formation energies to date. The apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/atom. In order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DFT calculations, we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available, and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/atom. Hence, we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental uncertainties. Finally, we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD (including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures), which allows us to predict the existence of ~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery, based on historical data available within the ICSD.
Brachial Plexus Injury: A Survey of Incidence and Referral Pattern (1992)

The aim of this study was to establish the incidence and the pattern of referral of injuries to the brachial plexus for a single calendar year: 1987. A questionnaire was sent to every orthopaedic consultant and referral centre in the United Kingdom. Replies were received from 402 surgeons. It is estimated that in 1987 there were at least 336 patients with traumatic injuries and 137 patients with other problems related to the plexus. Only 145 patients were seen at a referral centre. The anatomical nature, mode of injury and methods of treatment were analysed for both the referred and unreferred patients. We found that injuries to the brachial plexus are far more common than is generally appreciated, but only a minority of patients are referred for specialist evaluation and treatment.
Bioactive coumarins from <i>Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa</i> (2007)

Bioassay guided fractionation of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of a new dimeric coumarin glucoside 9'-methoxyl rutarensin (1) and a cytotoxic compound rutamarin (4), as well as an antivirus component leptodactylone (8), together with six known coumarins. Their structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS analyses, respectively. Rutamarin (4) showed significant inhibitory activities against A-549, Bel-7402, HepG-2 and HCT-8 tumour cell lines with IC50s of 1.318, 2.082, 2.306 and 2.497 microg/ml. In addition, leptodactylone (8) showed potent protective activity on cells infected by SARS-CoV with ratio of 60% at 100 microg/ml.
Are there molecular targets for therapy of colon cancer? (1991)

Recent advances in understanding the molecular etiology of colorectal carcinoma have made possible a discussion of molecular targets for therapy of the disease. The genes for two inherited predispositions, familial adenomatous polyposis and the Lynch syndrome, have been mapped to specific chromosomal locations. At least five of the genes that are altered in structure or expression to give rise to the tumorigenic phenotype have been isolated by molecular cloning: The K-ras and N-ras protooncogenes have been shown to be altered by point mutation, and expression of the c-myc protooncogene is deregulated. The p53 and DCC genes, both tumor suppressor genes or antioncogenes, are deleted or altered so as to be rendered nonfunctional. Although a single tumor may not suffer all these changes, available evidence indicates that most colorectal tumors contain at least one of these alterations. In addition, work in cell culture and animal systems indicates that tumor cells may be converted to nonmalignant cells by reversing the effects of just one of these changes.
The influence of thermal treatment on the mechanical characteristics of a PLLA coiled stent (2008)

We studied the effects of thermal treatment on the expansive characteristics of a coil-within-coil Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fiber stent developed at our institution to improve its mechanical performance and reproducibility. Following fabrication, furled stents were thermally treated at 62 degrees C for 25 min. The mechanical characteristics were measured compared with those of untreated stents when both were expanded via sequential balloon catheter pressure loading up to 12 atm. Treated stents reached full diameter at 3 atm and maintained that diameter despite further pressure increases. Using measurements of pressure, diameter, and axial length, we calculated the sequential mechanical work required to unfurl the stent. The mechanical work for complete unfurling of treated stents was significantly less than that required for untreated controls. Little axial dimensional change was observed for treated stents. Treated stents exhibited higher stiffness than controls at all pressure levels and also demonstrated higher resistance to external pressure-induced collapse, as measured in a special apparatus developed in our laboratory. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated higher crystallinity values for fibers used in treated stents compared with controls. SEM examination of striations revealed that treated stents underwent less twist than controls following balloon-induced unfurling. The results indicate that, thermal treatment improves the reorientation and realignment of fiber crystalline structure, and favorably influences on the fiber stress-strain behavior and the expansive mechanical characteristics of the PLLA fiber stents.
Variations in the electrical properties of concrete with change in frequency (1990)

The paper proposes some mechanisms which control the conductivity and dielectric constant of concrete over the frequency range 1–100 MHz, and, from these, a model is developed. The electrical response of this model is compared with experimental measurements and the validity of the model discussed.
Mechanics-based model for predicting in-plane needle deflection with multiple bends (2012)

Bevel-tipped flexible needles naturally bend when inserted into soft tissue. Steering such needles along curved paths allows one to avoid anatomical obstacles and reach locations inside the human body which are unreachable with rigid needles. In this study, a mechanics-based model is presented which predicts needle deflection for a needle undergoing multiple bends during insertion into soft tissue. The model is based on a Rayleigh-Ritz formulation, and inputs to the model are a force at the needle tip and a distributed load which acts along the needle shaft. Experiments are used to evaluate the distributed load, and needle deflection is then predicted using the model. The results of the model are compared with a kinematics-based model. Maximum errors in final tip deflection are found to be 0.5 mm and 0.6 mm for the mechanics-based and kinematics-based model, respectively. Though both models are found to be comparable, the mechanics-based model can account for deflection when the needle radius of curvature is not constant (e.g., biological tissue).