gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assisted navigation for large information spaces (2002)

This paper presents a new technique for visualizing large, complex collections of data. The size and dimensionality of these datasets make them challenging to display in an effective manner. The images must show the global structure of spatial relationships within the dataset, yet at the same time accurately represent the local detail of each data element being visualized. We propose combining ideas from information and scientific visualization together with a navigation assistant, a software system designed to help users identify and explore areas of interest within their data. The assistant locates data elements of potential importance to the user, clusters them into spatial regions, and builds underlying graph structures to connect the regions and the elements they contain. Graph traversal algorithms, constraint-based viewpoint construction, and intelligent camera planning techniques can then be used to design animated tours of these regions. In this way, the navigation assistant can help users to explore any of the areas of interest within their data. We conclude by demonstrating how our assistant is being used to visualize a multidimensional weather dataset.
Context-based Lossless Image Compression (1993)

The two-dimensional method of Langdon and Rissanen for compression of black and white images is extended to handle the exact lossless compression of grey-scale images. Neighbouring pixel values are used to define contexts and probabilities associated with the contexts are used to compress the image. The problem of restricting the number of contexts, both to limit the storage requirements and to be able to obtain sufficient data to generate meaningful probabilities, is addressed. Investigations on a variety of images are carried using the JPEG lossless mode predictors. Results indicate that a one pass arithmetic encoder using restricted contexts can lead to effective lossless image compression algorithms.
An expandable deep seafloor monitoring system for earthquake and tsunami observation network (2002)

The Japan Marine Science and Technology Center is developing and installing the submarine cable systems for building a series of in-line geo-scientific observation network at typical seismogenic zones around Japan since 1995. The second observation system was deployed in July 1999 on the southern Kuril subducting zone in southeastern part of Hokkaido (Off Kushiro-Tokachi area). The system consists of three in-line ocean bottom seismometers, two in-line tsunami pressure gauges, a cable end multi sensor station, and two expandable interfaces. The mobile/replaceable sensor package named Adaptable Observation System was developed to connect to the expandable interface to extend the observation network from line to wider area.
Renalase is a novel target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in protection against cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury (2014)

These findings have revealed renalase as a novel target gene of HIF-1α in protection against myocardial I/R injury, which provided a basis for therapeutic strategies for enhancing cardiomyocyte survival in patients associated with ischaemic heart diseases.
MR characterization of suspicious breast lesions with a gadolinium-enhanced TurboFLASH subtraction technique. (1994)

Gadolinium-enhanced TurboFLASH imaging is a valuable method in the examination of breast lesions suspected of being malignant.
Social and spatial proactive caching for mobile data offloading (2014)

The surge in video traffic and shift toward on-demand content consumption is straining mobile operators' networks to a breaking point. In this article, we investigate the problem of mobile data offloading for beyond 4G networks from a caching perspective. Leveraging notions of prediction, storage, and social networking, it is shown that peak traffic demands can be substantially reduced by proactively serving predictable user demands, through caching at the network edge (i.e., base stations and users' devices). Notably, we focus on two caching scenarios which exploit the spatial and social structure of the network. Firstly, in order to alleviate backhaul congestion, we propose a mechanism whereby files are proactively cached during off-peak demands based on file popularity and correlations among users-files patterns. Secondly, leveraging social networks and device-to-device (D2D) communications, we propose a procedure that exploits the social structure of the network by predicting the set of influential users to cache strategic contents and disseminate them among their social ties. Numerical results show that important gains are incurred, with backhaul savings and a higher ratio of satisfied users of up to 22% and 26%, respectively. Higher gains can further be obtained by increasing the storage capability at the network edge.
Remote wireless measuring systems (2002)

In this paper we presented remote wireless measuring systems. The wireless measuring systems transfer the digital data information among personal computer and single-chip microprocessor peripherals without cables and expensive network operating systems. Personal computer is a remote receiving/monitoring part and single-chip microprocessors are local measuring parts. The system has some advantages: high accuracy and high-performance, 15 minutes off power data record, portable local measuring parts and easy to extend.
Transplantation of Schwann cells and/or olfactory ensheathing glia into the contused spinal cord: Survival, migration, axon association, and functional recovery (2007)

Schwann cells (SCs) and olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) have shown promise for spinal cord injury repair. We sought their in vivo identification following transplantation into the contused adult rat spinal cord at 1 week post-injury by: (i) DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with a Y-chromosome specific probe to identify male transplants in female rats and (ii) lentiviral vector-mediated expression of EGFP. Survival, migration, and axon-glia association were quantified from 3 days to 9 weeks post-transplantation. At 3 weeks after transplantation into the lesion, a 60-90% loss of grafted cells was observed. OEG-only grafts survived very poorly within the lesion (<5%); injection outside the lesion led to a 60% survival rate, implying that the injury milieu was hostile to transplanted cells and or prevented their proliferation. At later times post-grafting, p75(+)/EGFP(-) cells in the lesion outnumbered EGFP(+) cells in all paradigms, evidence of significant host SC infiltration. SCs and OEG injected into the injury failed to migrate from the lesion. Injection of OEG outside of the injury resulted in their migration into the SC-injected injury site, not via normal-appearing host tissue but along the pia or via the central canal. In all paradigms, host axons were seen in association with or ensheathed by transplanted glia. Numerous myelinated axons were found within regions of grafted SCs but not OEG. The current study details the temporal survival, migration, axon association of SCs and OEG, and functional recovery after grafting into the contused spinal cord, research previously complicated due to a lack of quality, long-term markers for cell tracking in vivo.
Feature-Based Registration of Retinal Images (1987)

Registration of retinal images taken at different times frequently is required to measure changes caused by disease or to document retinal location of visual stimuli. Cross-correlation has been used previously for such registration, but it is computationally intensive. We have modified a faster algorithm, sequential similarity detection (SSD), to use only the portion of the template that contains retinal vessels. When compared to standard SSD and cross-correlation, this modification improves the reliability of detection for a variety of retinal imaging modalities. The improved reliability enables implementation of a two-stage registration strategy that further decreases the amount of computation and increases the speed of registration.
Mining call center dialog data (2004)

We consider the problem of mining conversations between customers and call center representatives for automatically classifying calls into predefined categories. We analyze the conversations for speaker dependent information content using several multi-class classification technologies. The data consists of 539 manually transcribed conversations belonging to 15 categories. Classifiers were built using Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, Latent Semantic Analysis, Vector Space and K-Nearest Neighbor technologies. SVM classifiers were found to perform consistently well giving an accuracy of about 74% on the entire data and about 92% when considering only the 4 largest classes. It is observed that very high weightage to either the customer part of the dialog or that of the agent results in poor accuracy. Nearly equal weightage to the customer and agent provides the best results consistently. This approach has potential to identify cross sell and up-sell opportunities in real-time.
Microwave Antenna Measurements (1947)

A description is given of the techniques involved in measuring the properties of microwave antennas. The measuring methods which are peculiar to these frequencies are discussed, and include the measurement of gain, beam width, minor lobes, wideangle radiation, mutual coupling between antennas, phase, and polarization. The requirements of the antenna testing site are taken up, and components of a complete measuring system are briefly described.
Beyond the M‐<scp>CSF</scp> receptor – novel therapeutic targets in tumor‐associated macrophages (2017)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are by now established as important regulators of tumor progression by impacting on tumor immunity, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Hence, a multitude of approaches are currently pursued to intervene with TAM's protumor activities, the most advanced of which being a blockade of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)/M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) signaling. M-CSFR signaling largely impacts on the differentiation of macrophages, including TAM, and hence strongly influences the numbers of these cells in tumors. However, a repolarization of TAM toward a more antitumor phenotype may be more elegant and may yield stronger effects on tumor growth. In this respect, several aspects of TAM behavior could be altered, such as their intratumoral localization, metabolism and regulatory pathways. Intervention strategies could include the use of small molecules but also new generations of biologicals which may complement the current success of immune checkpoint blockers. This review highlights current work on the search for new therapeutic targets in TAM.
Exploratory Gradient Boosting for Reinforcement Learning in Complex Domains (2016)

High-dimensional observations and complex real-world dynamics present major challenges in reinforcement learning for both function approximation and exploration. We address both of these challenges with two complementary techniques: First, we develop a gradient-boosting style, non-parametric function approximator for learning on $Q$-function residuals. And second, we propose an exploration strategy inspired by the principles of state abstraction and information acquisition under uncertainty. We demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of these techniques, first, as a preliminary check, on two standard tasks (Blackjack and $n$-Chain), and then on two much larger and more realistic tasks with high-dimensional observation spaces. Specifically, we introduce two benchmarks built within the game Minecraft where the observations are pixel arrays of the agent's visual field. A combination of our two algorithmic techniques performs competitively on the standard reinforcement-learning tasks while consistently and substantially outperforming baselines on the two tasks with high-dimensional observation spaces. The new function approximator, exploration strategy, and evaluation benchmarks are each of independent interest in the pursuit of reinforcement-learning methods that scale to real-world domains.
Asynchronous Collaboration Around Multimedia Applied to On-Demand Education (2002)

Abstract Multimedia content is a central component of on-demand training and education delivered over the World Wide Web. Supporting asynchronous collaboration around educational multimedia is potentially a significant tool for delivering online educational content effectively. A multimedia annotation system tightly integrated with e-mail provides a powerful platform on which to base such functionality. In this paper we describe a series of studies of such a system. First, we built a prototype annotation system and refined it based on results of laboratory tests. We then extended the system to support asynchronous collaboration for on-demand training and studied its effectiveness in two corporate training courses, assessing student experience, instructor experience, and user interface appropriateness. Having identified possibilities for enhancing engagement and collaboration with the tool, we conducted another set of laboratory studies. Through this iterative process we are creating a platform and identifying processes for its use, which enable students and instructors to exploit the advantages of asynchronous education while compensating for the reduction in face-to-face interaction. Keywords: ANNOTATION ASYNCHRONOUS COLLABORATION DISTANCE EDUCATION GROUP INTERACTION MULTIMEDIA WORKPLACE TRAINING
A 1.8V 11&#x03BC;W CMOS smart humidity sensor for RFID sensing applications (2011)

A fully-integrated humidity sensor for a smart RFID sensor platform has been realized in 0.16μm standard CMOS technology. It consists of a top-metal finger-structure capacitor covered with a humidity-sensitive layer, combined with a micro-power flexible sensor interface based on a second-order incremental delta-sigma converter. The interface can be easily reconfigured to compensate for process variation of the sensing element. In a measurement time of 10.2 ms, the interface performs a 13-bits capacitance-to-digital conversion while consuming only 5.85 μA from 1.8 V supply. In combination with the co-integrated sensor capacitor, it thus provides a humidity-to-digital conversion with a resolution of 0.1% RH in the range of 20% to 90% RH at only 107 nJ per measurement. This represents a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to existing capacitive-sensor interfaces with comparable performance.
Leveraging the linkedin social network data for extracting content-based user profiles (2011)

In the last years, hundreds of social networks sites have been launched with both professional (e.g., LinkedIn) and non-professional (e.g., MySpace, Facebook) orientations. This resulted in a renewed information overload problem, but it also provided a new and unforeseen way of gathering useful, accurate and constantly updated information about user interests and tastes. Content-based recommender systems can leverage the wealth of data emerging by social networks for building user profiles in which representations of the user interests are maintained.
Targeting Hypoxic Tumor Cell Viability with Carbohydrate-Based Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Inhibitors (2011)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes, specifically membrane-bound isozymes CA IX and CA XII, underpin a pH-regulating system that enables hypoxic tumor cell survival and proliferation. CA IX and XII are implicated as potential targets for the development of new hypoxic cancer therapies. To date, only a few small molecules have been characterized in CA-relevant cell and animal model systems. In this paper, we describe the development of a new class of carbohydrate-based small molecule CA inhibitors, many of which inhibit CA IX and XII within a narrow range of low nanomolar K(i) values (5.3-11.2 nM). We evaluate for the first time carbohydrate-based CA inhibitors in cell-based models that emulate the protective role of CA IX in an acidic tumor microenvironment. Our findings identified two inhibitors (compounds 5 and 17) that block CA IX-induced survival and have potential for development as in vivo cancer cell selective inhibitors.
Brefeldin A causes a defect in secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

Brefeldin A (BFA) blocks secretion in mammalian cells and causes the redistribution of Golgi resident membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (Klausner, R. D., Donaldson, J. G., and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. (1992) J. Cell Biol. 116, 1071-1080). The target(s) of BFA and its mechanism of action remain unknown. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents an ideal organism in which to identify the BFA targets, since many molecules essential for vesicular traffic have been already identified taking advantage of the powerful genetics of this system. Unfortunately, wild type S. cerevisiae strains are largely insensitive to BFA (Hayashi, T., Takatsuki, A., and Tamura, G. (1982) Agric. Biol. Chem. 46, 2241-2248). Here we demonstrate that an erg6 mutant (Gaber, R., Copple, D., Kennedy, B., Vidal, M., and Bard, M. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 3447-3456) defective in the biosynthesis of ergosterol is sensitive to BFA. Treatment of erg6 cells with BFA results in an arrest in growth and causes a block in secretion similar to that seen in mammalian cells treated with BFA. Our data suggest that the changes in the erg6 strain allows BFA entry and that this strain can be used to examine the molecular mechanism of BFA action.
Site-restricted expression of cytotactin during development of the chicken embryo. (1986)

The sequential appearance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, cytotactin, was examined during development of the chicken embryo by immunohistochemical techniques. Although cytotactin was identified as a molecule that mediates glia-neuron interactions, preliminary immunohistochemical localization of the molecule suggested that it was an ECM protein with a widespread but nonetheless more restricted distribution than either fibronectin or laminin. In the present study, it was found that cytotactin is first present in the gastrulating chicken embryo. It appears later in the basement membrane of the developing neural tube and notochord in a temporal sequence beginning in the cephalic regions and proceeding caudally. Between 2 and 3 d of development, the molecule is present at high levels in the early neural crest pathways (surrounding the neural tube and somites) but, in contrast to fibronectin and laminin, is not found in the lateral plate mesoderm or ectoderm. At later times, cytotactin is expressed extensively in the central nervous system, in lesser amounts in the peripheral nervous system, and in a number of nonneural sites, most prominently in all smooth muscles and in basement membranes of lung and kidney. Cytotactin appears in adult tissues with distributions that are similar to those seen in embryonic tissues. The findings raise the possibility that certain ECM proteins contribute to pattern formation in embryogenesis as a result of their restricted expression in a spatiotemporally regulated fashion at some sites but not at others.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of heparanase gene expression by a 3’ AU‐rich element (2010)

ABSTRACT Heparanase up‐regulation was documented in an increasing number of human carcinomas, associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of the current study was to identify mechanisms responsible for heparanase induction. We provide evidence that heparanase expression is regulated at the post‐transcriptional level by sequences at the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of the gene. Constructing the 3’ UTR immediately following the heparanase cDNA reduces heparanase enzymatic activity and protein levels, resulting in decreased cellular invasion capacity. We further identified a 185‐bp sequence within the 3’ UTR that mediates heparanase down‐regulation, and characterized an adenine (A)/uracil (U)‐rich consensus element (ARE) within this region. Deletion of the entire 185‐bp region or the ARE eliminated the inhibitory effect of the 3’ UTR, resulting in elevated heparanase levels and formation of larger tumor xenografts indistinguishable from those produced by heparanase‐overex‐pressing cells in terms of size, vascularization, and Akt activation. These results suggest that loss of the ARE is an important regulatory mechanism contributing to hepara‐nase induction in human cancer.—Arvatz, G., Barash, U., Nativ, O., Ilan, N., Vlodavsky, I. Post‐transcriptional regulation of heparanase gene expression by a 3’ AU‐rich element. FASEB J. 24, 4969–4976 (2010). www.fasebj.org
pH Effects on Ciliomotility and Morphology of Respiratory Mucosa (1977)

Abstract Tracheal cilia of cows exposed, in vitro, for 20 hours to different acidities and alkalinities of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively, showed ciliomotility at pH values as low as 4.9, while the epithelial cells began to be expelled from the mucosa at pH 6.7, initiating a reduction of ciliary function around this pH value. In alkaline reactions, ciliostasis occurred at pH 9.76. Destroyed cilia were found above pH 10.15, while they were morphologically unchanged at pH values as low as 4.0, the lowest value examined. The first symptoms, however, of adverse effects were intracellular edema and the simultaneous occurrence of cellular polyps in both acid and alkaline reactions at pH 6.7 and 9.5, respectively. The results indicate that the early effects of air pollutants are better demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy studies than by, e.g., studies of ciliomotility.
Dynamic content distribution for mobile enterprise networks (2005)

Mobile networks are becoming increasingly popular in enterprise environments as a means for distributing information to a large community of highly dynamic users. In comparison to traditional wired networks, mobile networks are distinguished by a potentially much higher variability in users demand due to user mobility. Most previous content distribution techniques assume a static user demand distribution and, thus, may not perform well in mobile networks. This paper proposes and analyzes a mobile dynamic content distribution network model, which takes demand variations into account to decide whether to replicate a content and whether to remove previously created replicas in order to minimize total network traffic. We develop two solutions to our model: an offline optimal solution, which provides an ideal lower bound on the total traffic, and a practical heuristic online algorithm, which uses demand forecasting to make replication decisions. We provide a thorough evaluation of our solutions, comparing them against ACDN, the only previous dynamic content placement algorithm targeting bandwidth minimization that we are aware of. Our results show that our online algorithm significantly outperforms ACDN, reducing total network traffic by up to 85% in a number of experiments covering a large system design space.
Mining Web Pages for Data Records (2004)

Data mining to extract information from Web pages can help provide value-added services. The MDR (mining data records) system exploits Web page structure and uses a string-matching algorithm to mine contiguous and noncontiguous data records.