gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of ferro‐electric liquid crystal shutters for time‐resolved fluorescence microscopy (1994)

A technique is described to modify a standard fluorescence microscope for time-resolved visualization of delayed luminescing substances with decay times from 50 microseconds to several milliseconds. The modification consists of synchronized operation of a mechanical shutter, positioned in an aperture plane in the excitation pathway, simultaneously with a ferro-electric liquid crystal (FLC) shutter on the emission side. Operation of the microscope is through a microprocessor interfaced keypad by which all timing parameters can be adjusted for optimal suppression of fast decaying luminescence. Accuracy of the timing was within 1 microsecond. Prompt fluorescence was suppressed up to 10(6) times, as determined for bright prompt fluorescing microspheres. The use of the FLC shutter resulted in a reduction in emission intensity by a factor of 8 (due to the use of polarizers, the lower transmission of the FLC devices, and IR blocking filters). No significant image degradation due to shutter operations was observed. The modified microscope was successfully used for the visualization of delayed luminescing immunolabels, such as inorganic phosphor particles and lanthanide chelates, as well as naturally phosphorescing materials.
The epidemiology of age related eye diseases in Asia (2006)

In the past decade, several large population based studies have provided new information on the prevalence of visual impairment and the major age related eye diseases in Asia. These include epidemiological studies from India, Taiwan, Mongolia, Singapore, and Japan. In particular, the epidemiology of refractive errors and glaucoma has been well characterised, providing insights not only into the public health implications of these conditions, but also into anatomical changes of the eye with ageing. In contrast, there are few well conducted population based studies on diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration in Asia, two conditions that are likely to be important causes of blindness in the future.
Changing states of delamination between molding compound and chip surface: a challenge for scanning acoustic microscopy (1994)

The states of the interface chip/molding compound under temperature cycling stress are described by a simple model. This interface is usually evaluated nondestructively by means of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). Applying the well known theory of elastic waves to rough interfaces we are able to predict some restrictions in sensitivity of SAM in this case. The reason is that acoustical bridges within gaps play a crucial role in observing delaminations between chip and molding compound. As a consequence, one is led to the conclusion that there are types of delaminations which cannot be detected by SAM. Experimental results are presented which show this.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Cationic Starch Ether: A Reaction Efficiency Study (1981)

Abstract Cationic starch ether, important as a papermaking additive, was prepared from native corn starch and 2‐chloro‐3‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in aqueous media in a study to ascertain conditions yielding maximum reaction efficiency (RE). Based on the amount of monomer retained after exhaustive washing procedures, RE values of 84–88% were achieved with 0.025–0.05 mole of monomer/mole of starch. Degrees of substitution of up to 0.075 were investigated. A number of variables were studied that allow high RE under a variety of reaction conditions, including those involving low energy input. The excellent stability of the monomer during etherification suggests that the water‐soluble active monomer and salts could be recycled in subsequent reactions.
Effect of High Voltage Stimulation on Edema Reduction in the Rat Hind Limb (1987)

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of high voltage stimulation (HVS) on edema reduction in the rat hindpaw. The animals were divided into a control group (n = 20) and a treated group (n = 20). The right hindpaw volume was measured, and then the animal's paw was traumatized. The animals in the treated group were treated with HVS at 24, 48, and 72 hours posttrauma. Paw volume measurements were made on all animals at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours posttrauma. In addition, the paw volume was measured in the treated group both before and after HVS. The results showed that animals in both groups had a significant decrease in paw volume over the experimental period, but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the amount of edema reduction. The HVS treatment did not produce a significant change in paw volume immediately after treatment.
Technology implementation of stationary battery failure prediction (2002)

Business losses due to network interruption and downtime are enormous. System downtime can negatively impact all facets of a business. To some, the installation of a UPS system has improved the odds, but the UPS is dependent on back-up batteries which in themselves account for most UPS failures. What can be done to improve the odds such that battery failure is minimized? Is it possible to predict battery system failure by some passive measuring means before the battery causes system failure and business loss? This paper describes a method employed by a commercially available battery monitoring system which, through impedance and other measurements, provides the user with a viable and predictive approach to improving overall system reliability. Examples of actual battery parameters as measured in a field installation are provided to illustrate the concepts employed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystallization and gelation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in organic solvents (1997)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) converts easily to thermally reversible gel at room temperature in aliphatic ketones or cyclic ketones such as 3-pentanone, 3-hexanone, cyclohexanone, and -butyrolactone, etc. Gelation of PVdF in these ketones took place through crystallization of polymers from solution. The crystallization process was investigated in detail by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The FTIR spectra were recorded continuously at room temperature until the solution converted to gel. It was suggested from spectral data that polymer chains packed together (i.e., crystallization took place) into the TTTGTTTG¯ conformation in the case of PVdF/γ-butyrolactone solution, followed immediately by gelation. On the other hand, crystallization occurred into the TGTG¯ conformation in the case of other ketones and gelation immediately took place. Melting temperatures of PVdF gels thus prepared from these solvents were measured. showed a solvent dependence. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polm Sci 65:1517–1524, 1997
A Fast, Randomised, Maximal Subset Matching Algorithm For Document-Level Music Retrieval. (2006)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
The vascular basement membrane in the healthy and pathological brain (2017)

The vascular basement membrane contributes to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). The BCECs receive support from pericytes embedded in the vascular basement membrane and from astrocyte endfeet. The vascular basement membrane forms a three-dimensional protein network predominantly composed of laminin, collagen IV, nidogen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans that mutually support interactions between BCECs, pericytes, and astrocytes. Major changes in the molecular composition of the vascular basement membrane are observed in acute and chronic neuropathological settings. In the present review, we cover the significance of the vascular basement membrane in the healthy and pathological brain. In stroke, loss of BBB integrity is accompanied by upregulation of proteolytic enzymes and degradation of vascular basement membrane proteins. There is yet no causal relationship between expression or activity of matrix proteases and the degradation of vascular matrix proteins in vivo. In Alzheimer's disease, changes in the vascular basement membrane include accumulation of Aβ, composite changes, and thickening. The physical properties of the vascular basement membrane carry the potential of obstructing drug delivery to the brain, e.g. thickening of the basement membrane can affect drug delivery to the brain, especially the delivery of nanoparticles.
Field Trial on Caries Prevention with Xylitol Candies among Disabled School Students (2006)

Xylitol seemed to have a strong preventive and a clear remineralizing effect on caries.
A development environment for horizontal microcode (1988)

A development environment for horizontal microcode is described that uses percolation scheduling-a transformational system for parallelism extraction-and an interactive profiling system to give the user control over the microcode compaction process while reducing the burdensome details of architecture, correctness preservation, and synchronization. Through a graphical interface, the user suggests what can be executed in parallel, while the system performs the actual changes using semantics-preserving transformations. If a request cannot be satisfied, the system reports the problem causing the failure. The user can then help eliminate the problem by supplying guidance or information not explicit in the code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIGHWAY SALT: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS (1973)

AN ARGUMENT AGAINST PERSISTENT EFFORTS TO EXPAND THE USE OF HIGHWAY SALT AS AN ASSUMED MOST EFFICIENT, SAFE, AND CHEAP ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF SNOW REMOVAL IS PRESENTED BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE FOLLOWING FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS: (1) WHAT IS SALT PHYSICALLY, CHEMICALLY, AND BIOLOGICALLY? (2) WHY DOES SALT MELT ICE AND SNOW? (3) WHAT IS THE FATE OF SALT IN THE ENVIRONMENT? (4) WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALT, SAFETY, AND ECONOMICS? SEVERAL SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE THAT, IF JUDICIOUSLY APPLIED TO CURRENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, POSSESS THE POTENTIAL FOR SIGNIFICANT RELIEF OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. AMONG THESE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE: (1) USE CAREFULLY CONTROLLED APPLICATIONS OF SALT ACCORDING TO CALCULATED NEED BY SKILLED OPERATIONS; (2) MAKE A FUNCTIONAL SURVEY OF LOCAL STREETS TO DETERMINE THE MOST ADVANTAGEOUS LOCATION (TROUBLESOME HILLS, INTERSECTIONS, ETC.) TO APPLY THE SALT; (3) MAINTAIN SPREADING EQUIPMENT IN EXCELLENT REPAIR; (4) KEEP SALT STORAGE PILES PROPERLY CONTAINED AND PROTECTED FROM WIND AND RAIN; (5) USE CAUTION IN DISCARDING SALT- CONTAINING WASTES; AND (6) KEEP INFORMED ABOUT RECENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS. THESE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE NOT CONSIDERED FINAL ANSWERS. THEY ARE AT BEST TENTATIVE AND MUST REMAIN CONSTANTLY SUBJECT TO CONTINUING REVIEW AND REEVALUATION.
Poly(A) Polymerase Phosphorylation Is Dependent on Novel Interactions with Cyclins (2000)

We have previously shown that poly(A) polymerase (PAP) is negatively regulated by cyclin B-cdc2 kinase hyperphosphorylation in the M phase of the cell cycle. Here we show that cyclin B(1) binds PAP directly, and we demonstrate further that this interaction is mediated by a stretch of amino acids in PAP with homology to the cyclin recognition motif (CRM), a sequence previously shown in several cell cycle regulators to target specifically G(1)-phase-type cyclins. We find that PAP interacts with not only G(1)- but also G(2)-type cyclins via the CRM and is a substrate for phosphorylation by both types of cyclin-cdk pairs. PAP's CRM shows novel, concentration-dependent effects when introduced as an 8-mer peptide into binding and kinase assays. While higher concentrations of PAP's CRM block PAP-cyclin binding and phosphorylation, lower concentrations induce dramatic stimulation of both activities. Our data not only support the notion that PAP is directly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases throughout the cell cycle but also introduce a novel type of CRM that functionally interacts with both G(1)- and G(2)-type cyclins in an unexpected way.
Staphylococcus aureus in Continuous Culture: A Tool for the Rational Design of Antibiotic Treatment Protocols (2012)

In vitro measures of the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics that account for the factors anticipated for bacteria in infected patients are central to the rational design of antibiotic treatment protocols. We consider whether or not continuous culture devices are a way to obtain these measures. Staphylococcus aureus PS80 in high-density continuous cultures were exposed to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin, daptomycin and linezolid. Contrary to results from low density retentostats as well as to predictions of traditional PK/MIC ratios, daily dosing with up to 100× MIC did not clear these cultures. The densities of S. aureus in these cultures oscillated with constant amplitude and never fell below 10(5) CFU per ml. Save for daptomycin "treated" populations, the densities of bacteria in these cultures remained significantly below that of similar antibiotic-free cultures. Although these antibiotics varied in their pharmacodynamic properties there were only modest differences in their mean densities. Mathematical models and experiments suggest that the dominant factor preventing clearance was wall-adhering subpopulations reseeding the planktonic population which can be estimated and corrected for. Continuous cultures provide a way to evaluate the potential efficacy of antibiotic treatment regimes in vitro under conditions that are more clinically realistic and comprehensive than traditional in vitro PK/PD indices.
The Separation Matrix (1997)

Beside chromatography, electrophoresis is one of the most useful tools for the separation of biological macromolecules. Especially for separating nucleic acids, electrophoresis is the method of choice.
The effect of rhizosphere on growth of Sphingomonas chlorophenolica ATCC 39723 during pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation in batch culture and soil (2006)

O efeito da rizosfera sobre o crescimento de Sphingomonas chloro phenolica ATCC 39723 durante a biodegradação de pentaclorofenol em cultura e no solo. Estudos da influência da rizosfera sobre o crescimentode Sphingomonas chlorophenolica durante a biodegradação de Penta- clorofenol (PCP) com cultura pura e em solo foram realizados. Utilizou-se um meio mineral com e sem exudatos de rizosfera extraídos de trigo. No solo, os experimentos foram realizados na presença e ausência de plantas. As concentrações de PCP foram determinadas através de Aná- lises de Alta Performance de Cromatografia Líquida. Enumeração bacteriana de S. chlorophenolica foi realizada cultivando-se no Meio Mineral MSM. Resultados indicam que os exudatos de rizosphera estimu- laram o crescimento de S. chlorophenolica em concentrações de 50 e 80mg L-1 PCP, assim como a capacidade degradadora do organismo em concentração de 80mg/kg solo peso seco. O pentachlorophenol teve um efeito adverso sobre o crescimento de S. chlorophenolica. A introdução de S. chlorophenolica em um solo argiloso com plantas proporciou degra- dação mais rápida quando comparada ao solo inoculado sem plantas. Houve aumento na população de S. chlorophenolica na rizosfera do que no solo somente. Este estudo mostrou que a presença do inóculo S. chlorophenolica melhorou a degradação de PCP em um solo argiloso indicando o potencial para tratamento em condições ambientais.
Geminal Dicarboxylates as Carbonyl Surrogates for Asymmetric Synthesis. Part II. Scope and Applications (2001)

An enantioselective synthesis of allylic esters has been achieved by a novel asymmetric alkylation of allylic gem-dicarboxylates. The catalyst derived from palladium(0) and R,R-1,2-di(2'-diphenylphosphinobenzamido)cyclohexene efficiently induced the alkylation process with a variety of nucleophiles to provide allylic esters as products in good yield. High regio- and enantioselectivities were observed in the alkylation with most nucleophiles derived from malonate, whereas a modest level of ee's was obtained in the reactions with less reactive nucleophiles such as bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethane. In the latter case, a slow addition procedure proved effective, leading to significantly improved ee's. The utility of the alkylation products was demonstrated by several synthetically useful transformations including allylic isomerizations, allylic alkylations, and Claisen rearrangements. Using these reactions, the chirality of the initial allylic carbon-oxygen bond could be transferred to new carbon-oxygen, carbon-carbon, or carbon-nitrogen bonds in a predictable fashion with high stereochemical fidelity. The conversion of gem-diesters to chiral esters by the substitution reaction is the equivalent of an asymmetric carbonyl addition by stabilized nucleophiles. In conjunction with the subsequent reactions that occur with high stereospecificity, allylic gem-dicarboxylates serve as synthons for a double allylic transformation.
Loss of keratins 8 and 18 leads to alterations in α6β4-integrin-mediated signalling and decreased neoplastic progression in an oral-tumour-derived cell line (2011)

Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are predominantly expressed in simple epithelial tissues and perform both mechanical and regulatory functions. Aberrant expression of K8 and K18 is associated with neoplastic progression and invasion in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). To understand the molecular basis by which K8 promotes neoplastic progression in oral SCC (OSCC), K8 expression was inhibited in AW13516 cells. The K8-knockdown clones showed a significant reduction in tumorigenic potential, which was accompanied by a reduction in cell motility, cell invasion, decreased fascin levels, alterations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and changes in cell shape. Furthermore, K8 knockdown led to a decrease in α6β4 integrin levels and α6β4-integrin-dependent signalling events, which have been reported to play an important role in neoplastic progression in epithelial tissues. Therefore, modulation of α6β4 integrin signalling might be one of the mechanisms by which K8 and K18 promote malignant transformation and/or progression in OSCCs.
Purification and characterization of 240-kDa cGMP-dependent protein kinase substrate of vascular smooth muscle. Close resemblance to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (1994)

The 240-kDa, cGMP-dependent protein kinase substrate protein obtained from porcine aortic smooth muscle, whose phosphorylation was closely associated with stimulation of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-pump ATPase (Yoshida, Y., Sun, H.-T., Cai, J.-Q., and Imai, S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19819-19825), was purified to near homogeneity by three successive chromatographic runs with calmodulin-, concanavalin A-, and heparin-Sepharose columns from microsomes solubilized with Triton X-100. The purified protein was found to bind inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) in a specific, heparin-inhibitable manner with a Kd of 2.0 nM and Bmax of 450 pmol/mg protein (the binding of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate was much weaker). In sedimentation experiments on a linear sucrose density gradient the InsP3 binding activity was always with the 240-kDa protein. Protein kinase G phosphorylated the InsP3 receptor purified from the rat cerebellum as well as the 240-kDa protein. Sialic acid content of the protein measured with Limulus polyphemus agglutinin was not significantly different from that of the cerebellar InsP3 receptor. Thus, 240-kDa protein closely resembles InsP3 receptor and may be a type of InsP3 receptor. The only difference was the behavior on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 240-kDa protein presented itself as two polypeptides with similar but slightly differing M(r) values, both of which were phosphorylated by protein kinase G.
A case study (2005)

Starting in 2003, Drew University began a process to replace its manual account management procedures with an automated provisioning system based upon Novell technologies. Over the past two years, the scope of this project has expanded beyond managing network accounts, to include providing identity and data integration services for a wide variety of third-party and home-grown applications encompassing everything form our campus ID card system to an admitted students' portal.This paper will present a case-study in Drew's implementation of Novell identity management solutions for meta-directories, provisioning, and single-sign-on. Attendees will see realistic examples of the integration challenges we faced and how we solved them.Among the challenges faced in the implementation of this solution was integration with Drew's twenty year old legacy administrative system. This paper will show how we have been able to overcome the technical and non-technical challenges associated with legacy system integration. This paper will also show how we were able to replace the numerous ad-hoc connections that had been made between this system and other applications over its lifespan with a single bridge to the identity management system, thereby reducing costs, allowing us to support more applications, and increasing the longevity and usefulness of the legacy administrative system as well as the information contained within it.Many institutions are currently facing the challenges associated with implementing identity management solutions. Technical managers who are interested in seeing how this technology can be applied to build a powerful infrastructure for supporting a wide variety of applications should read this paper.
Sulphydryl-Containing Agents and the Prevention of Duodenal Ulcer Relapse (1993)

This prospective randomized double-blind controlled study investigated whether sulphydryl-containing agents protect against the recurrence of duodenal ulceration. To this end, DL-cysteine (200 mg 4 times daily) and DL-methionine-methyl sulphonium chloride (MMSC, 500 mg 4 times daily) were administered orally. Three hundred and six consecutive smokers with previous symptomatic endoscopy-proven duodenal ulceration which had been shown endoscopically to have healed were randomized to receive for 1 year either placebo, cimetidine 400 mg at bedtime, cysteine, or MMSC. In 221 patients evaluable for efficacy, the cumulative relapse rate at 1 year was: placebo 64%, cimetidine 30%, cysteine 11% and MMSC 12%. Cimetidine was significantly effective in preventing ulcer relapse (p < 0.01), however cysteine and MMSC were more effective in this respect (p < 0.05). In the patients who relapsed, ulcer recurrence tended to occur early on placebo but to be evenly distributed over the year on active therapy. In all the study groups, the relative frequency of symptomatic to silent relapse was similar in the first and second halves of the year and was comparable among these groups. These results show that sulphydryl-containing agents significantly reduce the recurrence rate of duodenal ulceration.