gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Removal During Combustion of Solid Fuels In A Fluidized Bed of Dolomite (1970)

Sulfur removal during combustion of coal or low-temperature coal char using excess air in a fluidized bed of dolomite has been demonstrated in a continuous bench-scale unit. The SO2 produced during the combustion is fixed as CaSO4 by reaction with CaO in the dolomite as follows: CaO + SO2 + ½ O2 = CaSO4. The ranges of conditions explored were calcium oxide-to-feed sulfur mol ratios in the range of 1 to 8, fluidizing velocities of 1.5 and 3.0 ft/sec, superficial gas residence times of 1 and 2 sec, and temperatures from 1700° to 1900°F, with 120% stoichiometric air at the operating pressure of 8 psig. The process was operable at all conditions studied using a highly caking Pittsburgh seam coal as well as two low-temperature chars. Desulfurization efficiency with a Ca-to-S mol ratio of 1 was 78%; at Ca-to-S ratios of 2 or higher desulfurization efficiency exceeded 90%. Continuous regeneration of the sulfated dolomite using partial combustion of carbon monoxide gas at 1950°F was also demonstrated. As high as 97% of the sulfur in the dolomite was liberated as SO2 by this treatment giving a gas that contained SO2 concentrations as high as 23 times that in the combustion gases. Dolomite life was investigated, with the dolomite subjected alternately to SO2-absorption during combustion and subsequent regeneration. It was demonstrated that by regeneration and re-use of the dolomite, the ultimate SO2 capacity can be extended in excess of four times that for a once-through process. Regeneration also permits recovery of elemental sulfur by processing the SO2-rich regenerator off-gas.
A beam switching slot array with a 4-way Butler matrix installed in a single layer post-wall waveguide (2003)

The authors propose a switched beam slot array antenna with the 4-way Butler matrix. All are integrated in one substrate. Experiments in the 26 GHz hand confirm the key operation of this structure of the antenna; four almost-identical beams are switched to cover the total horizontal 90-degree sector with equal angular spacing. A gain of 21.3 dB was observed though two beams have a lower gain by about 1.8 dB due to the grating lobes. A narrower waveguide could eliminate the defects.
Studies on some symmetrically and unsymmetrically 3,6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines including their conversion into the corresponding tetrazines and 3,5-disubstituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles (1972)

A number of symmetrically 3,6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines have been prepared by the action of hydrazine hydrate on (a) nitriles in the presence of sulphur or (b) amidinium chlorides. The dihydrotetrazines yield the corresponding 1,2,4,5-tetrazines by oxidation or 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles by rearrangement. A reliable method for distinguishing between 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles has been obtained from n.m.r. studies.
Developmental Regulation Of Contractile Protein Genes (1989)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
C-Reactive Protein in the Prediction of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women (2006)

In this prospective study of healthy women, a single CRP level did not predict increased risk of RA. Furthermore, CRP measurement closer to the time of diagnosis was not predictive. The consistency of this effect throughout different time periods from diagnosis suggests that CRP does not have a large effect in predicting incident RA.
Unsupervised topic clustering of switchboard speech messages (2002)

This paper presents a statistical technique which can be used to automatically group speech data records based on the similarity of their content. A tree-based clustering algorithm is used to generate a hierarchical structure for the corpus. This structure can then be used to guide the search for similar material in data from other corpora. The SWITCHBOARD Speech Corpus was used to demonstrate these techniques, since it provides sets of speech files which are nominally on the same topic. Excellent automatic clustering was achieved on the truth text transcripts provided with the SWITCHBOARD corpus, with an average cluster purity of 97.3%. Degraded clustering was achieved using the output transcriptions of a speech recognizer, with a clustering purity of 61.4%.
High‐resolution typing for HLA‐DRB1*15 and ‐DRB1*16 by fluorescence‐marked sequence‐specific priming (TaqMan assay) (1999)

Sequence-specific primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) is widely used in HLA laboratories. The TaqMan method, which is described here for high-resolution typing of HLA-DRB1*15 and -DRB1*16, does not require elaborate and time-consuming post-PCR detection steps. In this one-tube assay, conventional PCR-SSP and fluorescence detection of the amplicon with a doubly labeled fluorescent probe are combined: a fluorogenic hybridization probe (FHP) labeled with a spectral resolvable fluorescent reporter dye (FAM or TET) at its 5' terminus and a common quencher dye (TAMRA) at its 3' terminus is cleaved by the 5' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase only if the target sequence is amplified. An increase of fluorescence intensity indicates a successful amplification. For high-resolution typing of HLA-DRB1*15 and -DRB1*16 alleles we designed two FHPs and 14 specific primer mixes (7 for DR15 and 7 for DR16). Amplification of the specific sequence was detected by a FAM-labeled FHP, whereas amplification of the internal control was detected by a TET-labeled FHP. We were able to type all heterozygous DRB1*15/DRB1*16 subtype combinations. For evaluation, 60 HLA-DRB1*15-positive and 40 HLA-DRB1*16-positive individuals were typed and the results were compared with conventional PCR-SSP DR15/16 subtyping. There were no discrepancies between the two methods. The TaqMan method is an alternative to conventional PCR-SSP typing which is suitable for routine use in HLA laboratories.
Conjugation of Cell-Penetrating Peptides to Antimicrobial Peptides Enhances Antibacterial Activity (2019)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), essential elements in host innate immune defenses against numerous pathogens, have received considerable attention as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Most AMPs exert broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity through depolarization and permeabilization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Here, we introduce a new approach for enhancing the antibiotic activity of AMPs by conjugation of a cationic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Interestingly, CPP-conjugated AMPs elicited only a 2- to 4-fold increase in antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but showed a 4- to 16-fold increase in antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Although CPP-AMP conjugates did not significantly increase membrane permeability, they efficiently translocated across a lipid bilayer. Indeed, confocal microscopy showed that, while AMPs were localized mainly in the membrane of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, the conjugates readily penetrated bacterial cells. In addition, the conjugates exhibited a higher affinity for DNA than unconjugated AMPs. Collectively, we demonstrate that CPP-AMP conjugates possess multiple functional properties, including membrane permeabilization, membrane translocation, and DNA binding, which are involved in their enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. We propose that conjugation of CPPs to AMPs may present an effective approach for the development of novel antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria.
Vocal Fold Cyst (1993)

Seventy-five patients with vocal fold cyst who visited our clinic between 1981 and 1990were studied. Almost half of the cases were male and 83% were between thirty and seventy years of age. Only two cases were younger than twenty years of age. Surgery was performed for 38 patients and 97% of those patients showed vocal improvement after surgery. Vocal function tests and acoustic analyses revealed significant improvements after surgery. There was no difference in results between the complete removal of the cyst with preservation of vocal fold epithelium and removal of the superficial cyst wall covered by vocal fold epithelium. Recurrence occurred in only one case after surgery.
Smooth control of Adaptive Media Playout to acquire IDMS in cluster-based applications (2011)

Many emerging multimedia applications enable independent groups (or clusters) of consumers to interact between them and share services within the context of simultaneous media content consumption. Owing to the semantic, spatial or temporal dependency among the involved media streams, concurrently synchronized playout points must be ensured so as not to spoil the user experience on such interaction. This paper presents the combination of an evolved Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS) approach and a new designed Adaptive Media Playout (AMP) scheme that aims to smoothly adjust the playout timing of each one of the receivers in a specific cluster, if an asynchrony threshold between their playout states is exceeded. Simulation results prove the feasibility of such proposals, by employing several dynamic master selection policies, to maintain an overall synchronization status (within allowable limits) in each cluster, while minimizing the occurrence of long-term playout discontinuities (such as skips/pauses) which are subjectively more annoying to users than small variations in the media playout rate.
Using collaborative plans to model the intentional structure of discourse (1995)

An agent&apos;s ability to understand an utterance depends upon its ability to relate that utterance to the preceding discourse. The agent must determine whether the utterance begins a new segment of the discourse, completes the current segment, or contributes to it. The intentional structure of the discourse, comprised of discourse segment purposes and their interrelationships, plays a central role in this process (Grosz and Sidner, 1986). In this thesis, we provide a computational model for recognizing intentional structure and utilizing it in discourse processing. The model specifies how an agent&apos;s beliefs about the intentions underlying a discourse affects and are affected by its subsequent discourse. We characterize this process for both interpretation and generation and then provide specific algorithms for modeling the interpretation process. The collaborative planning framework of SharedPlans (Lochbaum, Grosz, and Sidner, 1990; Grosz and Kraus, 1993) provides the basis for our model ...
Sclerostin: a possible target for the management of cancer-induced bone disease (2012)

Introduction: Sclerostin is a cysteine-knot-containing protein, which is produced by osteocytes and inhibits osteoblast function. The aim of this review is to summarize the data about the role of sclerostin in cancer-induced bone disease. Areas covered: We performed a thorough search for articles in the PubMed using the words “sclerostin, cancer, multiple myeloma”, and for similar abstracts that were presented in the ASH and ASCO annual meetings (2005 – 2011). In multiple myeloma, sclerostin is produced by myeloma cells and elevated in the serum or the plasma of the patients, and correlates with extensive bone disease and adverse myeloma features. In prostate cancer, sclerostin expression is reduced and in combination with bone morhogenetic protein-6 and noggin expression may serve as prognostic predictor for metastatic progression. In breast cancer, in vitro data suggest that the malignant cell induces the expression of sclerostin to inhibit osteoblasts in the metastatic bone area. Expert opinion: Sclerostin may play a role in inhibiting bone formation in the biology of bone metastases in breast cancer and of myeloma-related bone disease. The results of phase I/II studies with anti-sclerostin drugs in subjects with low bone mass may lead to the potential clinical investigation of these agents in cancer-induced bone disease.
Vidicon Microscope for Counting Fluorescent Particles (1971)

Weakly fluorescent particles may be counted or displayed through use of the light integrating property of vidicons. This paper describes a fluorescence microscope-vidicon system designed for counting bacteria. It employs incident bright-field uv illumination with an inexpensive television (TV) system.
Horizontal transfer of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms by gravid <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and <i>Ochlerotatus triseriatus</i> mosquitoes in the laboratory (2003)

The insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen is highly active against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Through continuous emersion of large larvae (instars 3-4) the concentration causing 50% inhibition of adult emergence (EI50) was determined as 0.200 p.p.b. for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and 3.5 to 7 times less for Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say): IE50 0.0288 p.p.b. As a possible method of application to larval microcosms of these species that oviposit in water containers and phytotelmata, the horizontal transfer of pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms by adult mosquitoes was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Gravid females were forced to walk on surfaces treated with pyriproxyfen (tarsal contact exposure) and then allowed to oviposit in larval microcosms. Using replicate bioassay cages, each with an oviposition container, and a factorial experimental design, we assessed Ae. albopictus for the effects of (i) pyriproxyfen concentration (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/cm2) contacted by gravid females, and (ii) the number of treated gravid females added to bioassay cages (one, three or five females/cage), on the mortality of larvae in oviposition containers. Only 0.2 mg/cm2 treatment rate was tested on Oc. triseriatus. A significant (P < 0.05) curvilinear response in inhibition of emergence (IE) was achieved on both species. Densities of one or three treated Oc. triseriatus females/cage yielded IE rates of only 21-27%, whereas five treated females/cage resulted in 70% inhibition. With Ae. albopictus, densities of three or five treated females/cage yielded 48-67% and 59-73% IE, respectively, whereas one treated female/cage gave only 4-30% inhibition. Use of IGR-treated oviposition containers to achieve horizontal transfer of pyriproxyfen to mosquito oviposition sites could be a field management technique based on mosquito biology and behaviour. In binary choice tests with Ae. albopictus, horizontal transfer of pyriproxyfen from a container with a treated ovistrip (0.3 or 0.4 mg/cm2) to an untreated microcosm resulted in 14-38% inhibition. In larval bioassays, pyriproxyfen activity declined markedly within 10 days. Forcibly exposing gravid female mosquitoes to pyriproxyfen-treated paper surface did not affect their fecundity. However, from the 1st to 2nd gonotrophic cycles the egg hatch rate declined by 30% (P < 0.05). Some variation of results could be due to interactions between females at the oviposition site, possibly causing disproportionate transfer of pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms. Comparative studies of the oviposition behaviour of each mosquito are warranted and would potentially provide information needed to improve the technique.
Laser Tool for Single Cell Transfer (2014)

Many structures in living organisms show a high complexity. One example is the stem cell niche, where different cell types interact in a highly defined manner. Such structures need a building technology, which enables a highly defined and reproducible positioning of the cell types of interest. Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) however enables us to achieve a very good cell transfer even on a single cell resolution. As a test system for cell transfer polystyrene particles with a diameter of 10 m and a cell-like density were used. Single particles embedded in Matrigel TM are reproducibly deposited onto a receiver in a pre-set pattern. Cell transfer is performed thereafter with mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells. Results are comparable to particle transfer experiments. Viability of these cells is tested with Life/Dead staining after three hours and six days. Further, proliferation of the cell line is observed after six days of cell incubation.
Product Review: The Potentiostat: Electrochemistry's Utility Player (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDepartmentsNEXTProduct Review: The Potentiostat: Electrochemistry's Utility PlayerA wide range of choices are available for this tried-and-true instrument.James Smith and Vicki Hinson-SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 19, 539 A–541 APublication Date (Web):October 1, 2002Publication History Published online1 October 2002Published inissue 1 October 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac022130rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac022130rnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2387Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (92 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrochemistry Get e-Alerts
On Optimum and Suboptimum Coherent Detection of Continuous Phase Modulation on a Two-Ray Multipath Fading Channel (1987)

In this paper, the performance of continuous phase modulation (CPM) transmitted on a two-ray fading channel and received in white Gaussian noise is studied. The optimum coherent maximum likelihood (ML) detector and approximations thereof and their performance are studied by means of minimum Euclidean distance and simulated symbol error probability. A linear detector optimum at large signal-to-noise ratios is also studied and the performance is given by means of error probability. It is assumed that measurements on the channel provide information about the channel parameters. It is found that the loss in signal power due to the channel is small when an ML detector or an approximation thereof is used for binary schemes with modulation index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h =1/2</tex> . The loss for these schemes with a linear detector becomes significantly larger, especially when MSK is transmitted. The performance for this linear detector can, however, be improved significantly by using decision feedback, but still, the performance of the ML detector is superior.
Deoxydehydration with Molecular Hydrogen over Ceria-Supported Rhenium Catalyst with Gold Promoter (2016)

Gold nanoparticle cocatalyst and ceria support catalyst enabled the use of H2 as a reductant for Re-catalyzed deoxydehydration (DODH), converting vicinal diols to olefins with higher activity than homogeneous Re catalysts using non-H2 reductants and with comparable selectivity. The suitable particle size (∼10 nm) of Au in ReOx-Au/CeO2 catalyst was especially effective for activating H2 while retaining the C═C bond in DODH products. Glycerol was converted to allyl alcohol in 91% yield, and the TON per Re atom reached 300. This system is applicable to other substrates such as erythritol (81% yield of 1,3-butadiene).
Children under 15 kg with food allergy may be at risk of having epinephrine auto-injectors administered into bone (2014)

A large proportion of children <15 kg prescribed an EAI is at risk of having the auto-injector administered into bone. Since alternative EAIs with shorter needle lengths are not currently available, EAIs should be prescribed with appropriate counselling in this population.
Synthesis and Characterization of Methacrylate-Type Hyperbranched Glycopolymers via Self-Condensing Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization (2005)

We report the synthesis of hyperbranched glycopolymers by self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (SCVCP) of the methacrylic AB* inimer 2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate (BIEM) with 3-O-methacryloyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose (MAIGlc) via atom transfer radical polymerization, followed by deprotection of the isopropylidene protecting groups. Homopolymerization of MAIGlc with the (PPh3)2NiBr2 catalyst system in solution proceeds smoothly, resulting in linear poly(MAIGlc) having controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distribution. The catalyst system could be applied for SCVCP to synthesize hyperbranched poly(MAIGlc)s, as confirmed by GPC and GPC/viscosity analyses and 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR measurements. Depending on the comonomer ratio, γ = [MAIGlc]0/[BIEM]0, branched poly(MAIGlc)s with number-average molecular weights between 17500 and 29800 and Mark−Houwink exponents between 0.20 and 0.34 were obtained within reasonable polymerization time (4 h), the polymerization being very much faster than that of the corresponding glycopolyacrylates. Deprotection of the isopropylidene protecting groups of the branched poly(MAIGlc)s resulted in water-soluble glycopolymers with randomly branched architectures, which were characterized by elemental analyses and 1H NMR and FT-IR measurements.
Growth Mechanism for the Controlled Synthesis of MgH<sub>2</sub>/Mg Crystals via a Vapor–Solid Process (2011)

In this paper, we continue the work on the controlled growth of MgH2/Mg nano/microstructures, in which we highlight the growth mechanism from thermodynamics and kinetics, by a catalyst-free vapor–solid method of hydriding chemical vapor deposition (HCVD), which is a process of the evaporation–condensation of Mg under high-pressure H2. We easily achieved control of both the morphology and composition, including nano/microsized powders of MgH2 or a mixture of MgH2 and Mg, nanosized straight and curved MgH2 fibers, irregular bulk microstructures of Mg, hexagonal microplates of Mg, and microdendritic Mg, of the products by adjusting three experimental parameters: evaporation temperature, deposition temperature, and H2 pressure. The products were compositionally separated into three categories, Mg, MgH2, and a mixture of both, based on the growth temperature within the thermodynamic P–T diagram of the Mg–H system. A growth mechanism for the HCVD process was proposed from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics, comprising a two-step reaction on the deposition substrate of the first Mg condensation, Mg(g) → Mg(s), with subsequent hydrogenation, Mg(s) + H2(g) ↔ MgH2(s). The composition of the products was controlled by controlling the reaction rates of these two steps, in which these reaction rates were determined by the atmospheric conditions of deposition temperature, H2 pressure, and evaporation temperature. These Mg/MgH2 nano/microstructures may find applications in hydrogen storage and batteries. By choosing suitable experimental parameters, such as evaporation temperature, deposition temperature, and H2 pressure, this simple vapor-solid method may be extended to the synthesis of nano/microstructures of other metal hydrides.
Frequency domain equalization of IQ imbalance in OFDM receivers (2002)

Digital receivers still include analog components in the demodulation process which cause amplitude and phase imbalance between the I and Q branch. This article describes a novel compensation scheme for OFDM receivers based on adaptive frequency domain filtering to remove the IQ imbalance effects.