gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Blind Reversible Robust Watermarking Scheme for Relational Databases (2013)

Protecting the ownership and controlling the copies of digital data have become very important issues in Internet-based applications. Reversible watermark technology allows the distortion-free recovery of relational databases after the embedded watermark data are detected or verified. In this paper, we propose a new, blind, reversible, robust watermarking scheme that can be used to provide proof of ownership for the owner of a relational database. In the proposed scheme, a reversible data-embedding algorithm, which is referred to as "histogram shifting of adjacent pixel difference" (APD), is used to obtain reversibility. The proposed scheme can detect successfully 100% of the embedded watermark data, even if as much as 80% of the watermarked relational database is altered. Our extensive analysis and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against a variety of data attacks, for example, alteration attacks, deletion attacks, mix-match attacks, and sorting attacks.
TAR-independent transactivation of the murine cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter by the Tat protein (1993)

Tat is a transactivator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that stimulates gene expression via an RNA target sequence (TAR) by augmenting transcriptional initiation and/or elongation from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. Here we show that Tat is able to transactivate the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) major immediate-early promoter (MIEP), which lacks sequence similarity with the HIV-1 long terminal repeat TAR element. Surprisingly, deletion of the upstream enhancer region (-610 to -146) of the MCMV MIEP abrogated Tat responsiveness. This result suggests that Tat requires a DNA target for function. Quantitation of RNA and protein indicates that Tat stimulates expression from the MCMV MIEP at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Deletion analysis of the MIEP indicates that there is likely to be interplay between the enhancer region, a sequence upstream of the known enhancer which negatively affects expression, and the Tat protein.
Immunological Properties of the β-Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. I. Effect of Chemical and Enzymatic Modifications* (1980)

The beta-subunit of hCG (hCG beta) displays immunological cross-reactivity with human LH (hLH). A detailed study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chemical and enzymatic modifications on the immunological behavior of hCG beta, particularly on its cross-reactivity with hLH, with a view to obtaining a highly hCG-specific antigen. hCG beta was modified in both the carbohydrate and protein parts of the molecule. The carbohydrate part was modified enzymatically by sequential cleavage of monosaccharides by specific glycosidases, and the protein portion was modified chemically in the amino and carboxyl groups and in the cystinyl, tyrosyl, histidyl, and arginyl residues. These derivatives were immunologically evaluated by RIAs; their hCG beta activities were measured in the [125I]hCG beta-anti-hCG beta system, and the hLH cross-reactivity in the [125I]hLH-anti-hLH system. The present studies have led to the following conclusions. 1) The carbohydrate does not play a significant role in the immunological activity of hCG beta. 2) The antigenic determinants of hCG beta reside primarily in the polypeptide chain and are conformational rather than sequential in nature. 3) hCG beta has two types of antigenic determinants, those which are unique to hCG and those which are common to both hCG and hLH. 4) Finally, it is possible to destroy preferentially one or the other type of determinants. The controlled reduction and alkylation of hCG beta yielded derivatives which retain significant immunological activity in the hCG beta system, but have no or reduced cross-reactivity in the hLH system. These derivatives are much more specific antigens than hCG beta and, therefore, are of potential importance for the development of a specific RIA for hCG and possibly for use as contraceptive agents.
The cysteine-string domain of the secretory vesicle cysteine-string protein is required for membrane targeting (1998)

The post-translational addition of palmitic acid residues to cysteine-string protein (Csp) was originally thought to form the basis for membrane association of this secretory-vesicle protein. However, subsequent work showed that chemical depalmitoylation of Csp does not result in its release from membranes. We have confirmed these findings and employed [3H]palmitate labelling of PC12 cells to demonstrate that Csp1 remains associated with membranes following the complete removal of palmitic acid residues. Although palmitoylation is not essential for the stable membrane association of Csp, its role in membrane targeting has not been assessed. To examine this, we constructed a Csp mutant protein with seven cysteines replaced by serines in the cysteine-string domain. In contrast to wild-type Csps, this mutant protein was not targeted to membranes when expressed in PC12 or HeLa cells. We conclude that although a palmitoylated cysteine-string domain is not required for stable membrane association of Csp, it is essential for initial membrane targeting.
Operations &amp; Maintenance Best Practices - A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency (Release 3) (2010)

This guide highlights operations and maintenance programs targeting energy and water efficiency that are estimated to save 5% to 20% on energy bills without a significant capital investment. The purpose of this guide is to provide you, the Operations and Maintenance (O&M)/Energy manager and practitioner, with useful information about O&M management, technologies, energy and water efficiency, and cost-reduction approaches. To make this guide useful and to reflect your needs and concerns, the authors met with O&M and Energy managers via Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) workshops. In addition, the authors conducted extensive literature searches and contacted numerous vendors and industry experts. The information and case studies that appear in this guide resulted from these activities. It needs to be stated at the outset that this guide is designed to provide information on effective O&M as it applies to systems and equipment typically found at Federal facilities. This guide is not designed to provide the reader with step-by-step procedures for performing O&M on any specific piece of equipment. Rather, this guide first directs the user to the manufacturer's specifications and recommendations. In no way should the recommendations in this guide be used in place of manufacturer's recommendations. The recommendations in this guide are designed to supplement those of the manufacturer, or, as is all too often the case, provide guidance for systems and equipment for which all technical documentation has been lost. As a rule, this guide will first defer to the manufacturer's recommendations on equipment operation and maintenance.
Functional Significance of the Isoforms of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 (2000)

Summary: The subcellular localization of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is a matter of some controversy, further complicated by the discovery of its multiple isoforms. ECE-1 is a critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of the potent vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin (ET), and, as such, represents a potential target for drug therapy in the control of disease states involving the ET system. Knowledge of the precise locations of the isoforms and their regulation would aid in the design of drugs to target specifically ECE-1. In this study, the subcellular localization and potential targeting pathways of the ECE-1 isoforms were investigated. Antipeptide antibodies were raised to the unique N-terminal sequence of ECE-1b and were then used in the investigation of its subcellular distribution. Mutagenesis of proposed targeting sequences within the cytoplasmic tails of the isoforms was carried out to determine their significance in subcellular localization.
Insights on <i>Escherichia coli</i> biofilm formation and inhibition from whole‐transcriptome profiling (2008)

Biofilms transform independent cells into specialized cell communities. Here are presented some insights into biofilm formation ascertained with the best-characterized strain, Escherichia coli. Investigations of biofilm formation and inhibition with this strain using whole-transcriptome profiling coupled to phenotypic assays, in vivo DNA binding studies and isogenic mutants have led to discoveries related to the role of stress, to the role of intra- and interspecies cell signalling, to the impact of the environment on cell signalling, to biofilm inhibition by manipulating cell signalling, to the role of toxin/antitoxin genes in biofilm formation, and to the role of small RNAs on biofilm formation and dispersal. Hence, E. coli is an excellent resource for determining paradigms in biofilm formation and biofilm inhibition.
Biodiesel Feedstock and Contaminant Contributions to Diesel Fuel Filter Blocking (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In recent years, the number of complaints and the severity of premature diesel fuel filter plugging have increased dramatically in the U.S. and Europe. These instances are often accompanied by longer start up times, poor drivability, and increased maintenance across different fuel filter applications. The rise in these instances of filter plugging is closely associated with the increasing prevalence of high pressure common rail (HPCR) fuel systems and the growing usage of biodiesel. Smaller pore size restrictions for fuel filters due to tighter clearances in HPCR injectors, coupled with contaminants from biodiesel and carboxylate salts in fuel, have been identified as accelerants of diesel fuel filter plugging.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Testing protocols will be reported that can be used to screen contaminant-doped B10 fuels (10% FAME biodiesel in ULSD) to determine their propensity to plug fuel filters. Fuels were evaluated using bench-top filtration testing equipment to determine their filter blocking tendency (FBT) values. Three biodiesel related contaminants were investigated: saturated monoglycerides, sterol glucosides, and carboxylate salts.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Test results will show that the specific feedstock of biodiesel - from used cooking oil to coconut oil - can alter the filterability of biodiesel-containing fuels. The same contaminant level may or may not cause filter blocking depending on the biodiesel feedstock. Additionally, the treatment of contaminant-doped fuels with commercially available deposit control additives (DCAs) will be shown to prevent or mitigate diesel fuel filter blocking.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Important parameters for test fuel preparation will also be highlighted that could prove useful for internal diesel injector deposit (IDID) engine test development.</div></div>
Specification Based Regression Testing Using Explicit State Space Enumeration (2006)

This paper presents a method of partial automation of specification based regression testing, which we call ESSE (Explicit State Space Enumeration). The first step in ESSE method is the extraction of a finite state model of the system making use of an already tested version of the system under test (SUT). Thereafter, the finite state model thus obtained is used to compute good test sequences that can be used to regression test subsequent versions of the system. We present two new algorithms for test sequence computation - both based on our finite state model generated by the above method. We also provide the details and results of the experimental evaluation of ESSE method. Comparison with a practically used random-testing algorithm has shown substantial improvements.
The p66Shc Longevity Gene Is Silenced through Epigenetic Modifications of an Alternative Promoter (2002)

The mammal Shc locus encodes three overlapping isoforms (46, 52, and 66 kDa) that differ in the length of their N-terminal regions. p46/p52Shc and p66Shc have been implicated, respectively, in the cytoplasmic propagation of growth and apoptogenic signals. Levels of p66Shc expression correlate with life span duration in mice. p46Shc and p52Shc are ubiquitously expressed, whereas p66Shc is expressed in a cell lineage-specific fashion. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Shc protein expression are unknown. Here we report the identification of two alternative promoters, driving the transcription of two mRNAs coding for p46/p52Shc and p66Shc. We show that treatment with an inhibitor of histone deacetylases or with a demethylating agent results in induction of p66Shc expression in cells that normally do not express this isoform but leaves the levels of the two other isoforms unchanged. Moreover, analysis of the methylation pattern of the p66Shc promoter in a panel of primary and immortalized human cells showed inverse correlation between p66Shc expression and methylation density of its promoter. These results identify histone deacetylation and cytosine methylation as the mechanisms underlying p66Shc silencing in nonexpressing cells.
New Drugs Approved by the FDA New Dosage Forms and Indications Agents Pending FDA Approval Significant Labeling Changes Related to Safety (2003)

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications and dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Each month, new information will be added to the table (shown in bold type) and older information will be removed. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information; however, if there are any questions, let us know at hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Darstellung primärer Alkohole aus verzweigten Olefinen (1965)

Abstract Aus verzweigten Olefinen mit innenständigen Doppelbindungen lassen sich mit Hilfe von Aluminiumtriisobutyl und metallorganischen Katalysatoren primäre Alkohole gewinnen (Tab. 1, S. 91). In Abhängigkeit von der Position der Doppelbindung und der Art der Verzweigung erhält man diese Alkohole in verschiedenen %‐Verhältnissen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden an Hand des komplexen Katalysators XVI (S. 92) gedeutet.
Towards a human proteome atlas: High‐throughput generation of mono‐specific antibodies for tissue profiling (2005)

A great need exists for the systematic generation of specific antibodies to explore the human proteome. Here, we show that antibodies specific to human proteins can be generated in a high-throughput manner involving stringent affinity purification using recombinant protein epitope signature tags (PrESTs) as immunogens and affinity-ligands. The specificity of the generated affinity reagents, here called mono-specific antibodies (msAb), were validated with a novel protein microarray assay. The success rate for 464 antibodies generated towards human proteins was more than 90% as judged by the protein array assay. The antibodies were used for parallel profiling of patient biopsies using tissue microarrays generated from 48 human tissues. Comparative analysis with well-characterized monoclonal antibodies showed identical or similar specificity and expression patterns. The results suggest that a comprehensive atlas containing extensive protein expression and subcellular localization data of the human proteome can be generated in an efficient manner with mono-specific antibodies.
Resolving conflicts in heterogeneous data by truth discovery and source reliability estimation (2014)

In many applications, one can obtain descriptions about the same objects or events from a variety of sources. As a result, this will inevitably lead to data or information conflicts. One important problem is to identify the true information (i.e., the truths) among conflicting sources of data. It is intuitive to trust reliable sources more when deriving the truths, but it is usually unknown which one is more reliable a priori. Moreover, each source possesses a variety of properties with different data types. An accurate estimation of source reliability has to be made by modeling multiple properties in a unified model. Existing conflict resolution work either does not conduct source reliability estimation, or models multiple properties separately. In this paper, we propose to resolve conflicts among multiple sources of heterogeneous data types. We model the problem using an optimization framework where truths and source reliability are defined as two sets of unknown variables. The objective is to minimize the overall weighted deviation between the truths and the multi-source observations where each source is weighted by its reliability. Different loss functions can be incorporated into this framework to recognize the characteristics of various data types, and efficient computation approaches are developed. Experiments on real-world weather, stock and flight data as well as simulated multi-source data demonstrate the necessity of jointly modeling different data types in the proposed framework.
Topology Design Optimization of Nonlinear Thermo-elastic Structures (2010)

In this paper, we have derived a continuum-based adjoint design sensitivity of general performance functionals with respect to Young' modulus and heat conduction coefficient for steady-state nonlinear thermoelastic problems. An adjoint equation for temperature and displacement fields is defined for the efficient computation of the coupled field design sensitivity. Through numerical examples, we investigated the mesh dependency of the topology optimization method in the thermoelastic problems. Also, comparing the dominant loading cases of thermal and mechanical ones, the loading dependency of topology design optimization in coupled multi-physics problems is investigated.
Characterization of phosphoglycan-containing secretory products of<i>Leishmania</i> (1994)

This article presents an overview on phosphoglycan-containing components secreted by the insect and mammalian stages of several species of Leishmania, the causative agents of leishmaniasis in the Old and New World. Firstly, promastigotes of all three species considered, L. mexicana, L. donovani and L. major, shed lipophosphoglycan (LPG) into the culture medium possibly by release of micelles from the cell surface. Like the cell-associated LPG, culture supernatant LPG is amphiphilic and composed of a lysoalkylphosphatidylinositol-phosphosaccharide core connected to species-specific phosphosaccharide repeats and oligosaccharide caps. Secondly, all three species release hydrophilic phosphoglycan. Thirdly, all three species appear to secrete proteins covalently modified by phosphosaccharide repeats and oligosaccharide caps. In the case of promastigotes of L. mexicana, these components are organized as two filamentous polymers released from the flagellar pocket: the secreted acid phosphatase (sAP) composed of a 100 kDa phosphoglycoprotein and a protein-containing high-molecular-weight-phosphoglycan (proteo-HMWPG) and fibrous networks likewise composed of phosphoglycan possibly linked to protein. Structural analyses and gene cloning suggest that the parasites can covalently modify protein regions rich in serine and threonine residues by the attachment of phosphosaccharide repeats capped by oligosaccharides. We propose that the networks formed in vitro correspond to fibrous material previously demonstrated in the digestive tract of infected sandflies. In the case of L. donovani, the sAP is also modified by phosphoglycans but contains neither proteo-HMWPG nor does it aggregate to filaments. Finally, L. mexicana amastigotes release proteo-HMWPG via the flagellar pocket into the parasitophorous vacuole of infected macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A conceptual model for video games and interactive media (2015)

In this article, we describe a conceptual model for video games and interactive media. Existing conceptual models such as the F unctional R equirements for B ibliographic R ecords ( FRBR ) are not adequate to represent the unique descriptive attributes, levels of variance, and relationships among video games. Previous video game‐specific models tend to focus on the development of video games and their technical aspects. Our model instead attempts to reflect how users such as game players, collectors, and scholars understand video games and the relationships among them. We specifically consider use cases of gamers, with future intentions of using this conceptual model as a foundation for developing a union catalog for various libraries and museums. In the process of developing the model, we encountered many challenges, including conceptual overlap with and divergence from FRBR , entity scoping, complex relationships among entities, and the question of how to model additional content for game expansion. Future work will focus on making this model interoperable with existing ontologies as well as further understanding and description of content and relationships.
Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion (1979)

The three stimulants of gastric acid secretion likely to have physiological roles in regulation of secretion are acetylcholine, gastrin, and histamine. Acetylcholine is released by vagal and intramucosal reflex stimulation, acting directly on the parietal cell. Gastrin is released by peptides and free amino acids in the stomach and is the only known hormonal stimulant of acid secretion. Release of gastrin by acetylcholine may occur. However, cholinergic control of gastrin release is complex since under certain conditions anticholinergic drugs may actually enhance gastrin release. Factors regulating histamine release have not been defined, but studies with H2-receptor antagonists leave little doubt that histamine has an important role in acid secretion. Studies with isolated parietal cells indicate that histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine each appear to act at separate receptors on the parietal cell. Anticholinergic agents specifically prevent the cellular actions of acetylcholine, cimetidine specifically inhibits stimulation by histamine, and neither inhibitor blocks the small direct response to gastrin. Furthermore potentiating interactions occur between histamine, gastrin, and cholinergic agents which may account for the interdependence of secretagogue action observed in vivo. Direct potentiating interactions occur between histamine and gastrin and histamine and carbachol but not between carbachol and gastrin. However, in the presence of histamine, carbachol, and gastrin, a three-way potentiation does occur. By interfering with the potentiating interactions between stimulants, anticholinergic agents and cimetidine display an apparent cross-specificity in vitro that resembles the effects of these agents in intact mucosa. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are unknown, but the actions of histamine appear to be mediated through increased production of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP analogs, which mimic the interactions involving histamine itself. The secondary effectors for acetylcholine and gastrin and the mechanisms for amplification of the response to combinations of stimulants remain to be elucidated.
Breaking news: Plants mutate right on target (2010)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Identifying types of claims in online customer reviews (2009)

In this paper we present a novel approach to categorizing comments in online reviews as either a qualified claim or a bald claim. We argue that this distinction is important based on a study of customer behavior in making purchasing decisions using online reviews. We present results of a supervised algorithm for learning this distinction. The two types of claims are expressed differently in language and we show that syntactic features capture this difference, yielding improvement over a bag-of-words baseline.