gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Management of DRAM Bandwidth in Multicore Processors (2007)

Technology trends are leading to increasing number of cores on chip. All these cores inherently share the DRAM bandwidth. The on-chip cache resources are limited and in many situations, cannot hold the working set of the threads running on all these cores. This situation makes DRAM bandwidth a critical shared resource. Existing DRAM bandwidth management schemes provide support for enforcing bandwidth shares but have problems like starvation, complexity, and unpredictable DRAM access latency. In this paper, we propose a DRAM bandwidth management scheme with two key features. First, the scheme avoids unexpected long latencies or starvation of memory requests. It also allows OS to select the right combination of performance and strength of bandwidth share enforcement. Second, it provides a feedback-driven policy that adoptively tunes the bandwidth shares to achieve desired average latencies for memory accesses. This feature is useful under high contention and can be used to provide performance level support for critical applications or to support service level agreements for enterprise computing data centers.
Formations of Hydroxyapatite and Inositol Hexakisphosphate in Poultry Litter during the Composting Period: Sequential Fractionation, P K-edge XANES and Solution <sup>31</sup>P NMR Investigations (2014)

Little is known about how the solubility and chemical speciation of phosphorus (P) in poultry litters are altered during the composting period. This study investigated the quantitative and qualitative changes in organic P (Po) and inorganic P (Pi) compositions in poultry litters during the seven-day composting period using sequential extraction in combination with P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The result of sequential extraction illustrated that the significant decrease of H2O-P by 55% in poultry litters occurred concomitantly with the increase of HCl-Pi and HCl-Po during the composting period (p < 0.05). X-ray diffraction results for poultry litter samples showed three distinct peaks indicative of hydroxyapatite. Phosphorus K-edge XANES confirmed the increase of hydroxyapatite during the composting period, corresponding to the increase of HCl-Pi determined by the sequential extraction. The NaOH-EDTA extraction for solution (31)P NMR revealed that myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) constituted about 80% of phosphate monoesters and was increased from 16 to 28% in the poultry litter during the composting period. The combined applications of chemical extraction and molecular-spectroscopic techniques determined that water-soluble P in poultry litter was transformed into less soluble phases, primarily hydroxyapatite and IHP, during the composting period.
[Endothelium-dependent relaxation of Wistar rat aorta in late pregnancy]. (2001)

Some authors usually described an enhanced vascular reactivity to vasodilatoragents during pregancy. We would like toverifythis hypothesis with acetylcholin which is the vasodilator agent habitually used in animal experimentation. Young adult Wistar rats, pregnant and nonpregnant, were used. Rats received either a control diet, or this control diet supplemented with nitroargininin (0.063 % i.e. 30 mg/kg for7 days [treated group], from day 13th to day 20th for pregnants. Relaxation of rings thoracic aorta, with or without endothelium, in the presence of acetylcholin in cumulative was studied after contraction induced by depolarisation with KCl or after noradrenalin addition. The results show that relaxation in the presence of acetylcholin needs functional endothelial cells and that the nitric oxide plays a key role in this relaxation. So, there is no difference in vascular reactivity in late pregnant rats compared to nonpregnant rats. In addition, chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in pregnant rats do not modify pregnancy reactivity to nitric oxide because relaxation to S-nitroso-N acetyl penicillamin, which is a nitric oxide donor, is not different in control pregnant rats compared to treated pregnant rats. A judicious observation of work conditions with a particular attention with calcium concentration in organ bath solutions would certainly explain contradictory results obtained by different authors on vascular reactivity in vitro during gestation.
A New Blood Velocity Estimator for Suppressing Frequency Aliasing in Color Flow Imaging (2006)

Blood flow velocity estimation is a critical technique in ultrasound color flow imaging. Existent flow velocity estimation methods include autocorrelation, cross-correlation and butterfly search technique. Among these estimators, autocorrelation estimator is the most commonly used technique in current medical ultrasound systems, due to its low computational complexity. But it's intrinsically a frequency domain estimator, and is limited by the sample theorem. While measuring high speed blood flow, frequency aliasing occurs, because the Doppler frequency shift exceeds the Nyquist limit. To solve this aliasing problem, a new blood velocity estimator is proposed, which incorporates the autocorrelation technique with the butterfly search method. Simulation results show that the frequency aliasing artifact can be eliminated without adding too much computational complexity
Language and reading abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first‐degree relatives (2009)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are developmental disorders exhibiting language deficits, but it is unclear whether they arise from similar etiologies. Language impairments have been described in family members of children with ASD and SLI, but few studies have quantified them. In this study, we examined IQ, language, and reading abilities of ASD and SLI children and their first-degree relatives to address whether the language difficulties observed in some children with ASD are familial and to better understand the degree of overlap between these disorders and their broader phenotypes. Participants were 52 autistic children, 36 children with SLI, their siblings, and their parents. The ASD group was divided into those with (ALI, n=32) and without (ALN, n=20) language impairment. Relationships between ASD severity and language performance were also examined in the ASD probands. ALI and SLI probands performed similarly on most measures while ALN probands scored higher. ALN and ALI probands' language scores were not related to Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule algorithm scores. SLI relatives scored lowest on all measures, and while scores were not in the impaired range, relatives of ALI children scored lower than relatives of ALN children on some measures, though not those showing highest heritability in SLI. Given that ALI relatives performed better than SLI relatives across the language measures, the hypothesis that ALI and SLI families share similar genetic loading for language is not strongly supported.
Widerstandverminderung durch Ventilation (1990)

Zur Verringerung des Druckwiderstandes von stumpfen Korpern wurden Versuche mit Kugeln und Zylindern gemacht. Man nutzt hierbei den Druckunterschied zwischen Staupunkt und Nachlauf aus, um eine Nebenstromung durch das Innere des Modells anzutreiben. Dieses Verfahren, hier passive Ventilation genannt, konnte den Widerstand von Kugeln um 10 % andern. In den Experimenten mit Zylindern, die der Stromungssichtbarmachung dienten, zeigte sich eine deutliche Anderung der Geometrie des Nachlaufs.
Special Feature: Pharmaceutical Analysis (5) Analysis of trace impurities in pharmaceutical products using polarized EDXRF spectrometer NEX CG (2013)

The analysis of metal impurities for pharmaceutical products such as harmful elements contained in the raw materials and residual catalysts in the manufacturing process is important for the risk assessment in actual large scale production. Various guidelines and criteria of harmful elements in pharmaceutical products have been established. According to USP＜232＞ of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), pharmaceutical products are classified based on toxicity levels (1) . The European medicines agency (EMA) has set guidelines for the limit of residual metal elements (2) . Recently, the international conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) has proposed safety standard guidelines for metal impurities (Q3D) for the purpose of quality assurance of pharmaceutical products (3) . ICP-MS and ICP-OES have been typically used for the elemental analysis of impurities, but XRF analysis has been increasingly attracting attention due to the ease of sample preparation. In this article, trace element analysis in pharmaceutical samples using an EDXRF (EnergyDispersive X-ray fluorescence) spectrometer NEX CG that has superior sensitivity compared to conventional EDX spectrometers is introduced. 2. Features of XRF analysis
Triphenylphosphine-Mediated Reaction Between Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and NH-Acids Derived from Diaminobenzenes (2006)

Protonation of the 1:1 adduct produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with ethyl 2-[(2-{[2-(ethyloxy)-2-oxoacetyl]amino}phenyl}amino]-2-oxoethanoate leads to a vinylphosphonium salt, which undergoes an intermolecular Wittig reaction to produce dimethyl 4-(acetyloxy)-1-(2-{[2-(ethyloxy)-2-oxoacetyl]amino}phenyl)-5-oxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylate. Using ethyl 2-[(3-{[2-(ethyloxy)-2-oxoacetyl]amino}phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethanoate or ethyl 2-[(4-{[2-(ethyloxy)-2-oxoacetyl]amino}phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethanoate as an NH acid produces dimethyl 4-(acetyloxy)-1-(3-{3-(ethyloxy)-4,5-bis[(methyloxy)carbonyl]-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl}phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylate or dimethyl 4-(ethyloxy)-1-(4-{3-(ethyloxy)-4,5-bis[(methyloxy)carbonyl]-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl}-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylate.
Calcium signalling and cell proliferation (1995)

The orderly sequence of events that constitutes the cell cycle is carefully regulated. A part of this regulation depends upon the ubiquitous calcium signalling system. Many growth factors utilize the messenger inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) to set up prolonged calcium signals, often organized in an oscillatory pattern. These repetitive calcium spikes require both the entry of external calcium and its release from internal stores. One function of this calcium signal is to activate the immediate early genes responsible for inducing resting cells (G0) to re-enter the cell cycle. It may also promote the initiation of DNA synthesis at the G1/S transition. Finally, calcium contributes to the completion of the cell cycle by stimulating events at mitosis. The role of calcium in cell proliferation is highlighted by the increasing number of anticancer therapies and immunosuppressant drugs directed towards this calcium signalling pathway.
Bismuth Vanadate Photoelectrodes with High Photovoltage as Photoanode and Photocathode in Photoelectrochemical Cells for Water Splitting (2017)

Using dual-photoelectrode photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices based on earth-abundant metal oxides for unbiased water splitting is an attractive means of producing green H<sub>2</sub> fuel, but is challenging, owing to low photovoltages generated by PEC cells. This problem can be solved by coupling n-type BiVO<sub>4</sub> with n-type Bi<sub>4</sub> V<sub>2</sub> O<sub>11</sub> to create a virtual p/n junction due to the formation of a hole-inversion layer at the semiconductor interface. Thus, photoelectrodes with high photovoltage outputs were synthesized. The photoelectrodes exhibited features of p- and n-type semiconductors when illuminated under an applied bias, suggesting their use as photoanode and photocathode in a dual-photoelectrode PEC cell. This concept was proved by connecting a 1 mol % W-doped BiVO<sub>4</sub> /Bi<sub>4</sub> V<sub>2</sub> O<sub>11</sub> photoanode with an undoped BiVO<sub>4</sub> /Bi<sub>4</sub> V<sub>2</sub> O<sub>11</sub> photocathode, which produced a high photovoltage of 1.54 V, sufficient to drive stand-alone water splitting with 0.95 % efficiency.
Improving Performance and Lifetime of Large-Page NAND Storages Using Erase-Free Subpage Programming (2017)

Recent NAND flash devices have large page sizes. Although large pages are useful in increasing the flash capacity, they can degrade both the performance and lifetime of flash storage systems when small writes are dominant. We propose a new NAND programming scheme, called erase-free sub-page programming (ESP), which allows the same page to be programmed multiple times for small writes. By avoiding internal fragmentation, the ESP scheme reduces the overhead of garbage collection for large-page NAND storages. Experimental results show that an ESP-aware FTL can improve the IOPS and lifetime by up to 74% and 177%, respectively.
Use of an Immunochromatographic Dipstick Test for Rapid Detection of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in Sera from Animal Reservoir Hosts (2006)

We evaluated an immunochromatographic dipstick test to detect Trypanosoma cruzi in canine serum samples from areas of endemicity (n = 141) and nonendemicity (n = 28) for Chagas' disease with known serological and xenodiagnostic test results. The dipstick test had a specificity of at least 94% and a sensitivity of at least 96%. The dipstick tested could become the first choice for screening purposes in disease surveillance or intervention programs.
Localization in the Golgi apparatus of rat liver UDP-Gal:glucosylceramide .beta.1.fwdarw.4galactosyltransferase (1991)

The presence and subcellular localization of UDP-Gal:glucosylceramide beta 1----4galactosyltransferase (GalT-2) was investigated in rat liver. For this purpose, purified Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane fractions were prepared from the liver and used as the enzyme source for detecting GalT-2. A pure Golgi apparatus, highly enriched in many glycosyltransferases, was the only fraction where GalT-2 was measurable. The reaction product formation rate under appropriate assay conditions, which requires high detergent concentration and Mn2+, was low but comparable with that of other glycosyltransferases. The product formation was stimulated by exogenously added acceptor GlcCer, donor UDP-Gal, and Golgi protein. The reaction product was a single spot that was identified by chromatographic behavior, sensitivity to beta-galactosidase, and permethylation studies as Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1'Cer (lactosylceramide). A metabolic experiment, performed by determining the glycosphingolipids which became radioactive in the above subcellular fractions prepared from the liver of animals treated with glucose-labeled glucosylceramide, further indicated that the in vivo glycosylation of glucosylceramide takes place in the Golgi apparatus.
Acute kidney injury in Chinese patients with lupus nephritis: a large cohort study from a single center (2011)

AKI is common in lupus nephritis and is an independent risk factor for renal outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ORGANOMERCURY COMPOUNDS WITH ELEMENTAL FLUORINE: A NEW SYNTHESIS FOR ORGANOMERCURY FLUORIDES RHGF (1983)

Abstract Durch Tief temperatur‐Flüssigphasen‐Fluorierung mit elementarem Fluor werden aus den Organo‐ Quecksilberverbindungen (I) die Organoquecksilberfluoride (II) synthetisiert.
Multiple-channel output all-optical OTDMdemultiplexer using XPM-induced chirpcompensation (MOXIC) (1998)

The authors present a novel all-optical time-division demultiplexer capable of simultaneously outputting multiple channels at speeds of > 100 Gbit/s. Its operation is based on time-wise local chirp compensation of a down-chirped clock pulse through cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by a signal pulse stream. Error-free, simultaneous six-channel-output, 100 to 6.3 Gbit/s demultiplexing is successfully demonstrated.
HPLC Determination of Herbicide Clopyralid in Soil and Water (2009)

A rapid and reliable reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of clopyralid in soil and water. Separation of clopyralid was achieved on a C-18 column using isocratic mobile phase consisting of 0.02% acetic acid in 9:1 v/v methanohacetonitrile. UV-229 nm wavelength was used for the detection in fixed wavelength detector of RP-HPLC. Quantification was performed using calibration curves which were linear (r = 0.998) over the dynamic range of 0.25–5.00 μg ml−1. Limit of quantification were 0.02 μg ml−1 and 0.05 μg g−1 for water and soil respectively. The percent RSD was 1.87.
Regression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats (2006)

Arterial calcification (AC) is generally regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of AC, and its activity depends on vitamin K (VK). In rats, inactivation of MGP by treatment with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin leads to rapid calcification of the arteries. Here, we investigated whether preformed AC can be regressed by a VK-rich diet. Rats received a calcification-inducing diet containing both VK and warfarin (W&K). During a second 6-week period, animals were randomly assigned to receive either W&K (3.0 mg/g and 1.5 mg/g, subsequently), a diet containing a normal (5 microg/g) or high (100 microg/g) amount of VK (either K1 or K2). Increased aortic calcium concentration was observed in the group that continued to receive W&K and also in the group changed to the normal dose of VK and AC progressed. Both the VK-rich diets decreased the arterial calcium content by some 50%. In addition, arterial distensibility was restored by the VK-rich diet. Using MGP antibodies, local VK deficiency was demonstrated at sites of calcification. This is the first study in rats demonstrating that AC and the resulting decreased arterial distensibility are reversible by high-VK intake.
Augmented Cardiac Hypertrophy in Response to Pressure Overload in Mice Lacking the Prostaglandin I <sub>2</sub> Receptor (2005)

IP plays a suppressive role in the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via the inhibition of both cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Both effects have been suggested as originating from the action on noncardiomyocytes rather than cardiomyocytes.
Performance of BF focal plane array 320x256 InSb detectors (2003)

SCD Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) are based on 320×256 InSb elements, or 640×512 InSb elements. In this paper we introduce the outstanding FPA based on the signal processor 'blue fairy' (BF) that has been designed at SCD, and is now in standard production for the 320×256 InSb FPAs. The BF Focal Plane Processor (FPP) enables integration capacity of more than 15Me- at Integrate While Read (IWR) mode, and more than 30 Me- at Integrate Than Read (ITR) mode. A combined mode for large dynamic range with high sensitivity is possible. An excellent linearity and residual non-uniformity is achieved, starting from extremely low electron capacity up to 13Me- at IWR mode and 24Me- at ITR mode. Many other modes can be selected via a communication channel such as: ITR/IWR, one of seven different gains, one of seven different biases for the detector, windows size and window location. A Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) between frames and rows can be used for low frequency noise reduction, and/or any external electronic gain and offset drift corrections. All these features enable the integration of the BF FPA in large variety application, with high performance at each application.
Token enabled multiple access (TEMA) for packet transmission in high bit rate wireless local area networks (2003)

We illustrate a novel wireless local area network multiple access control (WLAN MAC) protocol whose allocation policy adopts a strategy similar to the token ring: the mobile stations access the channel upon receiving the token and release the channel by passing the token to the next user. The traffic is divided in two classes: guaranteed bandwidth (GB) and best effort (BE). The base station indirectly controls the traffic access by allotting the tokens and the bandwidth is shared by the same users with a decentralized contention-less protocol in the case of the GB users and on a contention basis for the BE users. The MAC protocol proposed the physical layer adopts a multicarrier code division multiple access multiplexing technique, which mitigates the linear distortions of broadband transmission and allows one to divide the frequency and time resources in elementary units that can be associated to the 'token'. The specification on the average and peak delay and rate are guaranteed by limiting the number of users passing the token and fixing a deadline to release the token. At the same time, similar to a reservation based protocol, the token strategy avoids collisions and is able to guarantee efficiently the integrity of the transmitted data.
A Porous and Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Framework Comprising Tetranuclear Iron<sup>III</sup>–Oxo Clusters and Tripodal Organic Carboxylates and Its Implications for (3,8)-Coordinated Networks (2007)

A porous metal–organic framework (MOF), Fe4(μ3-O)2(BTB)8/3(DMF)2(H2O)2·(DMF)10(H2O)2 (1) (BTB = benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) has two interpenetrating 3D frameworks composed of fused cages and shows a stronger affinity for CO2 than most other known highly porous MOFs. The unique tetranuclear iron–oxo clusters act as 8-connectors, which are linked by 3-connecting BTBs, to give a partially augmented the net (using the symbolism of O’Keeffe and co-workers). The underlying implications for (3,8)-coordinated networks are also discussed in relation to the framework structure of 1.
Up regulation of C3, C4, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 co-expresses with high sensitivity C reactive protein in familial hypoalphalipoproteinaemia: further evidence of inflammatory activation (2004)

Increased concentrations of sICAM-1, C3c, and C4 co-express with high concentrations of CRP in FH. The lack of signs and symptoms of inflammation in these patients may suggest that the immune response is up regulated as part of the pro-inflammatory mechanisms that are activated in this atherogenic condition.
Topologies and routing in gigabit switching fabrics (2000)

The ever increasing demand for bandwidth in computer networking has\nled us from the 3Mbps Ethernet of 1976 to todays 1Gbps Ethernet. This\nevolution in Ethernet bandwidth has presented the network vendors with\nan increasing range of challenges when producing high capacity\nEthernet switches.\n\nIn this thesis we look at the problems related to throughput,\nscalability and fairness when designing switching fabrics suitable for\nGigabit Ethernet switches. We study three different topologies, the\nButterfly, the Double Butterfly and the Hierarchical Clos together\nwith several routing strategies in our quest to find a viable\nsolution. The study is performed using two IEEE-1355 based test-beds\nto build the actual topologies and do measurements.\n\nWe draw the conclusion that the Butterfly is the topology that has the\nbest price/performance ratio while the Double Butterfly is the winner\nwhen price is not an issue. Universal routing is necessary to achieve\nfairness in the network. This combined with grouped adaptive routing\ngives us high throughput without sacrificing fairness. Finally, over\ncapacity in the network means a lot for the performance and\ndrastically reduces the differences between the different routing\nschemes. When a high level of link utilization is necessary a high\ndegree of over capacity should be considered.