gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unified power quality conditioner for distribution system without reference calculations (2004)

Power quality is an important measure of the performance of electric power system. The main concerns include voltage quality and the current quality. The voltage may contain amplitude errors, harmonics, phase unbalance, sag/dips, swells, flicks, impulses and interrupt/outage. As for the current quality is concerned, harmonics, reactive component, unbalance, excessive neutral/zero-sequence current are the main issues. This paper proposes a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with one cycle control (OCC) to deal with most of the problems identified above as a whole. The proposed OCC-UPQC consists of a serial three-phase three-leg and a parallel three-phase four-leg converter. The OCC-UPQC has the advantages of no reference calculation that results in simplicity, vector operation for reduced losses, modular approach with the flexibility to work in both three-wire or four-wire systems, in addition to the inherent features of fast transient response, high precision, constant switching frequency, etc. The principle of the proposed UPQC is provided in details. The performances of both voltage and current quality improvement are verified to be excellent with experiment results.
Stimulation of murine lymphocyte blastogenesis by mitogens in heat-killed Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells (1987)

In vitro blastogenesis by normal murine splenocytes from several mouse strains has been detected after exposure to heat-killed Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. Maximal lymphocyte stimulation induced by 10(4) heat-killed cells resulted in 20- to 45-fold increases in [3H]thymidine uptake by splenocytes when compared with responses by normal unstimulated lymphocytes. The kinetics for this response to heat-killed H. capsulatum cells has shown peak mitogenesis 3 days after culture. Examination of the mitogenic potential of soluble antigen preparations from H. capsulatum has revealed stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis with yeast cell sonicates and autolysates but not substances from autoclaved yeast cells. The levels of lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by sonicates or autolysates were comparable to mitogen responses stimulated by heat-killed cells. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the mitogenic factor(s) associated with yeast cell sonicates show two peaks of activity, at 178,000 and less than 12,000 Mr, which have a protein or glycoprotein nature. Finally, analysis of lymphocyte blastogenesis in cultures enriched for selected lymphocyte subpopulations has shown that T lymphocytes are preferentially stimulated by yeast cell mitogens.
The Meaning of the Hourly Nursing Experiment in Chicago (1933)

not only need, but an actual demand for nursing service in the home on an hourly basis; that only a small number of persons are as yet sufficiently familiar with the idea to call for such service, and that only a few physicians are as yet enough informed about it to seek it in behalf of their patients. It has become apparent, on the other hand, that this demand can be increased through educational measures and that physicians and hospitals in particular are the channels through which this educational effort can be most effectively expended. The total amount of hourly service demanded by a given population will be relatively small in terms of the number of nurses
STUDY OF SONAR ARRAY PROCESSING TECHNIQUES. (1968)

Abstract : The report is concerned with the use of state-variable techniques for solving Fredholm integral equations, and the application of the resulting theory to several communication problems. It discusses the following areas: the solution of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous Fredholm integral equations; optimal signal design for additive colored noise channels; optimal smoothing and filtering with delay; smoothing and filtering for nonlinear modulation systems; and estimation in a distributed environment. (Author)
APPLICATION OF THE KHOKHLOV-ZABOLOTSKAYA-KUZNETSOV EQUATION TO MODELING HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND BEAMS (2010)

High-intensity focused ultrasound is a form of therapeutic ultrasound which uses high amplitude acoustic waves to heat and ablate tissue. HIFU employs acoustic amplitudes that are high enough that nonlinear propagation effects are important in the evolution of the sound field. A common model for HIFU beams is the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation which accounts for nonlinearity, diffraction, and absorption. The KZK equation models diffraction using the parabolic or paraxial approximation. Many HIFU sources have an aperture diameter similar to the focal length and the paraxial approximation may not be appropriate. Here, results obtained using the “Texas code,” a time-domain numerical solution to the KZK equation, were used to assess when the KZK equation can be employed. In a linear water case comparison with the O’Neil solution, the KZK equation accurately predicts the pressure field in the focal region. The KZK equation was also compared to simulations of the exact fluid dynamics equations (no paraxial approximation). The exact equations were solved using the Fourier-Continuation (FC) method to approximate derivatives in the equations. Results have been obtained for a focused HIFU source in tissue. For a low focusing gain transducer (focal length 50λ and radius 10λ), the KZK and FC models showed excellent agreement, however, as the source radius was increased to 30λ, discrepancies started to appear. Modeling was extended to the case of tissue with the appropriate power law using a relaxation model. The relaxation model resulted in a higher peak pressure and a shift in the location of the peak pressure, highlighting the importance of employing the correct attenuation model. Simulations from the code that were compared to experimental data in water showed good agreement through the focal plane.
Rotavirus alters paracellular permeability and energy metabolism in Caco-2 cells (2000)

Rotaviruses infect epithelial cells of the small intestine, but the pathophysiology of the resulting severe diarrhea is incompletely understood. Histological damage to intestinal epithelium is not a consistent feature, and in vitro studies showed that intestinal cells did not undergo rapid death and lysis during viral replication. We show that rotavirus infection of Caco-2 cells caused disruption of tight junctions and loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) in the absence of cell death. TER declined from 300 to 22 Omega. cm(2) between 8 and 24 h after infection and was accompanied by increased transepithelial permeability to macromolecules of 478 and 4,000 Da. Distribution of tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 was significantly altered during infection. Claudin-1 redistribution was notably apparent at the onset of the decline in TER. Infection was associated with increased production of lactate, decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and reduced cellular ATP (60% of control at 24 h after infection), conditions known to reduce the integrity of epithelial tight junctions. In conclusion, these data show that rotavirus infection of Caco-2 intestinal cells altered tight junction structure and function, which may be a response to metabolic dysfunction.
MENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS (1912)

During the lifetime of the patient the presence of carcinoma was not suspected, either in the meninges or in other organs, and after death the unaided eye could not discern it. It was revealed only by microscopic examination. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. G., aged 62, widow, had been ailing on and off for several years with gout. For ten years she suffered with flatulency, but had never been seriously ill. Six weeks previous to Dr. W. W. Kerr's first visit, the patient began to suffer from headaches; these were at first slight, then gradually increased in severity and constancy until on October 31 her sufferings became so intense that she was unable to leave her bed. For seven or ten days previous to taking to bed, she complained of intense pain in both lumbar regions, which was greatly relieved by the use of a hot iron. The headaches during
A New Spinel‐Layered Li‐Rich Microsphere as a High‐Rate Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries (2014)

Li‐rich layered materials are considered to be the promising low‐cost cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries but they suffer from poor rate capability despite of efforts toward surface coating or foreign dopings. Here, spinel‐layered Li‐rich Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres are reported as a new high‐rate cathode material for Li‐ion batteries. The synthetic procedure is relatively simple, involving the formation of uniform carbonate precursor under solvothermal conditions and its subsequent transformation to an assembled microsphere that integrates a spinel‐like component with a layered component by a heat treatment. When calcined at 700 °C, the amount of transition metal Mn and Co in the Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres maintained is similar to at 800 °C, while the structures of constituent particles partially transform from 2D to 3D channels. As a consequence, when tested as a cathode for lithium‐ion batteries, the spinel‐layered Li‐rich Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres obtained at 700 °C show a maximum discharge capacity of 185.1 mA h g −1 at a very high current density of 1200 mA g −1 between 2.0 and 4.6 V. Such a capacity is among the highest reported to date at high charge‐discharge rates. Therefore, the present spinel‐layered Li‐rich Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres represent an attractive alternative to high‐rate electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Amyloid imaging in distinguishing atypical prion disease from Alzheimer disease (2007)

Different amyloid-binding agents may have differential sensitivity to prion-related brain pathology. A combination of amyloid imaging agents may be useful in the diagnosis of early-onset dementia.
Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution: Evaluation and Debiasing Methods (2018)

We introduce a new benchmark, WinoBias, for coreference resolution focused on gender bias. Our corpus contains Winograd-schema style sentences with entities corresponding to people referred by their occupation (e.g. the nurse, the doctor, the carpenter). We demonstrate that a rule-based, a feature-rich, and a neural coreference system all link gendered pronouns to pro-stereotypical entities with higher accuracy than anti-stereotypical entities, by an average difference of 21.1 in F1 score. Finally, we demonstrate a data-augmentation approach that, in combination with existing word-embedding debiasing techniques, removes the bias demonstrated by these systems in WinoBias without significantly affecting their performance on existing coreference benchmark datasets. Our dataset and code are available at http://winobias.org.
Role of chemokines in proteinuric kidney disorders (2014)

Experimental and human studies have shown that proteinuria contributes to the progression of renal disease. Overexposure to filtered proteins promotes the expression and release of chemokines by tubular epithelial cells, thus leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and renal impairment. This review focuses on recent progress in cellular and molecular understanding of the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of proteinuria-induced renal injury, as well as their clinical implications and therapeutic potential.
The Therapeutic Potential of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor Agonists as Analgesics without Abuse Liability (2012)

Although mu opioid (MOP) receptor agonists are the most commonly used analgesics for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in the clinic, the side effects of MOP agonists such as abuse liability limit their value as a medication. Research to identify novel analgesics without adverse effects is pivotal to advance the health care of humans. The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor, the fourth opioid receptor subtype, mediates distinctive actions in nonhuman primates which suggests the possibility that activity at this receptor may result in strong analgesia in the absence of virtually all of the side effects associated with MOP agonists. The present review highlights the recent progress of pharmacological studies of NOP-related ligands in primates. Selective NOP agonists, either peptidic or nonpeptidic, produce full analgesia in various assays in primates, when delivered systemically or intrathecally. Yet small molecule NOP agonists do not serve as reinforcers, indicating a lack of abuse liability. Given that NOP agonists have low abuse liability and that coactivation of NOP and MOP receptors produces synergistic antinociception, it is worth developing bifunctional NOP/MOP ligands. The outcomes of these studies and recent developments provide new perspectives to establish a translational bridge for understanding the biobehavioral functions of NOP receptors in primates and for facilitating the development of NOP-related ligands as a new generation of analgesics without abuse liability in humans.
Influence of Marinating on Weight Gain and Coating Characteristics of Broiler Drumsticks (1987)

ABSTRACT The weight gain of broiler drumsticks at 4°C was compared to those at 23°C after marinating in distilled water with agitation for 30 and 60 min. At 23°C there was significantly greater absorption (P = 0.001), with an average of 3.81%. The effect of different additives were studied in relation to weight gain, coating pickup, cooking loss, crumb loss, and overall yield of coated broiler drumsticks. Skinless drumsticks marinated in 4% Kena solution (90% tripolyphosphate and 10% hexametaphosphate blend) had significantly greater coating pickup, and a cooking loss was significantly reduced by increased marinating time in 4% Kena. The mean overall yield was highest for drumsticks soaked in distilled water (86.67%), and lowest for ‘those treated with 0.5% ascorbic acid (80.01%) and 0.002% papain (78.30%).
Robust Control of Robot Manipulators using Vision Systems (2003)

In this paper, we propose a robust controller for trajectory control of n-link robot manipulators using feature based on visual feedback. In order to reduce tracking error of the robot manipulator due to parametric uncertainties, integral action is included in the dynamic control part of the inner control loop. The desired trajectory for tracking is generated from feature extraction by the camera mounted on the end effector. The stability of the robust state feedback control system is shown by the Lyapunov method. Simulation and experimental results on a 5-link robot manipulator with two degree of freedom show that the proposed method has good tracking performance.
Deterministic BIST with multiple scan chains (2002)

A deterministic BIST scheme for circuits with multiple scan paths is presented. A procedure is described for synthesizing a pattern generator which stimulates all scan chains simultaneously and guarantees complete fault coverage. The new scheme may require less chip area than a classical LFSR-based approach while better or even complete fault coverage is obtained at the same time.
Anti-angiogenic activity of VXM01, an oral T-cell vaccine against VEGF receptor 2, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial (2015)

VEGFR-2 is expressed on tumor vasculature and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention. VXM01 is a first in kind orally applied tumor vaccine based on live, attenuated Salmonella bacteria carrying an expression plasmid, encoding VEGFR-2. We here studied the safety, tolerability, T effector (Teff), T regulatory (Treg) and humoral responses to VEGFR2 and anti-angiogenic effects in advanced pancreatic cancer patients in a randomized, dose escalation phase I clinical trial. Results of the first 3 mo observation period are reported. Locally advanced or metastatic, pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled. In five escalating dose groups, 30 patients received VXM01 and 15 placebo on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Salmonella excretion and salmonella-specific humoral immune responses occurred in the two highest dose groups. VEGFR2 specific Teff, but not Treg responses were overall increased in vaccinated patients. We furthermore observed a significant reduction of tumor perfusion after 38 d in vaccinated patients together with increased levels of serum biomarkers indicative of anti-angiogenic activity, VEGF-A, and collagen IV. Vaccine specific Teff responses significantly correlated with reductions of tumor perfusion and high levels of preexisting VEGFR2-specific Teff while those showing no antiangiogenic activity had low levels of preexisting VEGFR2 specific Teff, showed a transient early increase of VEGFR2-specific Treg and reduced levels of VEGFR2-specific Teff at later time points - pointing to the possibility that early anti-angiogenic activity might be based at least in part on specific reactivation of preexisting memory T cells.
Stereoselective synthesis of quaternary carbon centres (1986)

α-Alkyl-α,β-unsaturated acyl ligands attached to the chiral auxiliary [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)] undergo Michael additions to generate the corresponding E-enolates which on alkylation produce quaternary carbon centres stereoselectively.
Administration of Capsiate, a Non-Pungent Capsaicin Analog, Promotes Energy Metabolism and Suppresses Body Fat Accumulation in Mice (2001)

We investigated the effects of a single oral administration of capsiate, which is found in the fruits of a non-pungent cultivar of pepper, CH-19 Sweet, and has the same structure as capsaicin except for replacement of NH by O in the alkyl chain, on the thermogenesis and fat accumulation in mice. The oxygen consumption and serum adrenalin concentration were higher in both the capsaicin (10 mg/kg-body weight) and capsiate (10 mg/kg-body weight) groups than those in the control group. We also examined the effects of 2 weeks of administration of capsaicin and capsiate on body fat accumulation. Eevery day for 2 weeks administration of capsiate (10, 50 mg/kg-body weight/day) markedly suppressed body fat accumulation as well as capsaicin (10 mg/kg-body weight/day). These results suggest that capsiate promotes energy metabolism and suppresses body fat accumulation as does capsaicin.
Neural Cardiovascular Regulation and 24‐Hour Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability (1996)

The availability of ambulatory intraarterial blood pressure monitoring techniques offers a deeper insight into the features of blood pressure variability over 24 hours and allows better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the continuous and marked blood pressure changes that occur throughout the day and at night. Among these mechanisms, central and reflex neural influences play a major role. This has led to the development of techniques for the assessment of 24-hour "spontaneous" baroreflex sensitivity through combined computer analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variations in the time or frequency domain. The recent introduction of continuous noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitors offers the unique possibility of obtaining dynamic information on neural cardiovascular control in clinical conditions in which the assessment of autonomic cardiovascular regulation may have diagnostic and prognostic implications.
In Vitro Development of Resistance to Six and Four Fluoroquinolones in <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> , Respectively (2005)

Selection of resistant mutants in sequential subcultures with increasing concentrations of six and four different fluoroquinolones was studied for one reference strain each of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma hominis, respectively. All fluoroquinolones tested selected for resistance, with alterations affecting the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the four target topoisomerase genes.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CSF PROTEINS AS A MEASURE OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER FUNCTION AND SYNTHESIS OF IgG WITHIN THE CNS IN ‘NORMAL’ SUBJECTS FROM THE AGE OF 6 MONTHS TO 30 YEARS (1981)

Concentrations of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum have been studied in 105 'normal' subjects divided into age groups 0.5-5, 6-15, 16-20, and 21-30 years in order to obtain reference values for information concerning blood brain barrier damage and synthesis of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system (CNS). CSF/serum albumin ratio is superior to CSF total protein as a test of the blood brain barrier function. The IgG synthesis rate per 24 hours and IgG index [CSF/serum IgG ratio]: [CSF/serum albumin ratio] reflect the presence of IgG synthesis within the CNS. The variables reflecting the blood brain barrier function increased with age, the upper values of the CSF/serum albumin ratio being 4.0, 4.9, 6.7 and 6.5 for the mentioned age groups respectively. The upper values for the CSF IgG index remained rather constant in relation to age at 0.62, 0.68, 0.64, and 0.63 respectively. An index value of less than 0.70 and an IgG synthesis of less than 10 mg/24 hours seem to be appropriate upper values as references. Only about 1--2 ml of CSF and 0.5 ml serum are required for the analyses including cell counting and determinations of IgA and IgM index values as well as of glucose and lactate.
Advances in Pre-Training Distributed Word Representations (2017)

Many Natural Language Processing applications nowadays rely on pre-trained word representations estimated from large text corpora such as news collections, Wikipedia and Web Crawl. In this paper, we show how to train high-quality word vector representations by using a combination of known tricks that are however rarely used together. The main result of our work is the new set of publicly available pre-trained models that outperform the current state of the art by a large margin on a number of tasks.
The Performance and Wear Characterization of a High-Power High-Isp NASA Hall Thruster (2005)

The performance of a 50-kilowatt-class Hall thruster designed for high voltage operation was measured using both xenon and krypton propellants. The thruster was operated at discharge powers ranging from 4-46 kW on xenon and 5-65 kW on krypton. The device produced thrust ranging from 0.3 to 2.1 N at discharge voltages between 200 and 1050 V. Maximum anode specific impulses of 3370 and 4940 sec. were demonstrated at discharge voltages of 600 V on xenon and 1050 V on krypton, respectively. The peak anode efficiencies were 72% at 600 V on xenon and 68% at 1050 V on krypton. In addition to performance testing the thruster was operated on krypton at 700 V and 53 A to characterize the thruster wear. The observed wear characteristics of the thruster were compared to previous xenon Hall thruster wear results.
A reconfigurable modular fault-tolerant binary tree architecture (2002)

The authors propose a fault-tolerant binary tree architecture with the advantages of high system reliability and limited configuration time. The system is made up of several groups, each group containing M fault tolerant modules, and each module consisting of three active nodes and one spare node to construct a bi-level active subtree. In each group, an idle local spare node in a module can be transmitted to the other module with two faulty nodes. Thus, a module with one spare node is capable of tolerating two faulty nodes. Typically, a group will survive if no module has more than two faulty nodes and the number of modules with two faulty nodes is less than M/2. This allows for space-sharing among the modules in a group. Consequently, the module, the group, and the system reliability are increased. The system uses a modular reconfiguration which takes only a limited time despite the network size. An example and an analysis of the proposed system reliability are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>