gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Magnetoviscosity of Ferrofluids by the Addition of Biological Nanotubes (2010)

Applying a magnetic field to many ferrofluids leads to a significant increase in viscosity, but the phenomenon has yet to find technological exploitation because of the thinning caused by even weak shear flows. We have discovered that the addition of plant-virus-derived nanotubes to a commercial ferrofluid can give rise to a dramatic enhancement in magnetoviscosity and a suppression of shear thinning. The dependence of this effect on nanotube aspect ratio and surface charge, both of which were varied biotechnologically, is consistent with a "scaffolding" of magnetic particles into quasi-linear arrays. Direct support for this explanation is derived from transmission electron micrographs, which reveal a marked tendency for the magnetic nanoparticles to decorate the outside surface of the virus nanotubes.
Evaluation of heterosexual partners, children, and household contacts of adults with AIDS (1987)

Forty-five adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and their 45 spouses, 109 children, and 29 household contacts were studied for evidence of heterosexual, perinatal, and household spread of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. Of the 45 spouses enrolled, 26 (58%) had antibody to HTLV-III, including 12 (71%) of 17 male spouses and 14 (50%) of 28 female spouses. Of the 12 seropositive male spouses, nine were seropositive at enrollment and three had seroconversion. Of the 14 seropositive female spouses, four were seropositive at enrollment and ten seroconverted. Lack of barrier contraceptive use and oral sex were associated with seroconversion. Of the 109 children enrolled, 15 had AIDS or an AIDS-related illness, two had evidence of passive transfer of maternal antibodies, and two had HTLV-III infection acquired outside the household. None of the 90 seronegative children seroconverted. Of 29 household contacts studied, none developed antibody to HTLV-III. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:640-644)
Reductive removal of the Boc protecting group via a DTBB-catalysed lithiation reaction (2006)

The DTBB-catalysed lithiation of Boc-protected alcohols, amines and thiols in THF at 0C led, after quenching with methanol or water, to the recovery of the free alcohols, amines and thiols in short reaction times and in moderate to very good yields. The procedure has been applied to primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, phenols, secondary amines and primary, secondary and aromatic thiols. This method represents a reasonable alternative to the previously reported deprotection procedures.
Clinical utility of CA125 levels in predicting laparoscopically confirmed salpingitis in patients with clinically diagnosed pelvic inflammatory disease (1998)

We conclude that while CA125 levels above 7.5 units may modestly improve the ability of the clinical diagnosis of PID to accurately reflect visually confirmed acute salpingitis, limitations of the test make its clinical utility questionable.
Reconstructing reality: interpreting the aeroplane disaster news story (1996)

At 9 a.m. on 31 August 1988, Delta Flight 1141 crashed on take‐off, killing 13 people and leaving 94 survivors. Existing research has furthered our insight into media coverage of disasters but it has not broadened our understanding of disaster narrative interpretations and disaster behaviour education. In total, 24 in‐depth interviews explore reader interpretations of print‐mediated disaster reality and the Delta 1141 disaster. Disaster news stories provide the frames people use to interpret aeroplane disaster behaviour. Concludes the media need to recognize that their pedagogical role extends beyond disaster reporting and includes disaster behaviour information.
Isolation, characterization and chromosomal localization of human WNT10B (1997)

The Wnt family constitutes a set of structurally related glycoproteins that have been implicated in oncogenesis and developmental processes. The vertebrate Wnt10 family includes mouse, Xenopus and salamander proteins. We undertook a bioinformatics based approach to characterize a novel human Wnt gene. The gene (WNT10B) encodes a 389-amino acid protein with 96.6% sequence identity to mouse Wnt10b. The expression pattern of WNT10B reveals that it is synthesized in many adult tissues with the highest levels found in heart and skeletal muscle. WNT10B expression was also detected in several human cancer cell lines with elevated mRNA levels observed in HeLa (cervical cancer) cells. WNT10B was localized to 12q13.1 by PCR typing of a human/rodent monochromosomal panel and fluorescent in situ hybridization.
Statistics of Extremes (1958)

This classic text covers order statistics and their exceedances; exact distribution of extremes; the 1st asymptotic distribution; uses of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd asymptotes; more. 1958 edition. Includes 44 tables and 97 graphs.
Nucleosome fragility reveals novel functional states of chromatin and poises genes for activation (2011)

The structural complexity of nucleosomes underlies their functional versatility. Here we report a new type of complexity-nucleosome fragility, manifested as high sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease, in contrast to the common presumption that nucleosomes are similar in resistance to MNase digestion. Using differential MNase digestion of chromatin and high-throughput sequencing, we have identified a special group of nucleosomes termed "fragile nucleosomes" throughout the yeast genome, nearly 1000 of which were at previously determined "nucleosome-free" loci. Nucleosome fragility is broadly implicated in multiple chromatin processes, including transcription, translocation, and replication, in correspondence to specific physiological states of cells. In the environmental-stress-response genes, the presence of fragile nucleosomes prior to the occurrence of environmental changes suggests that nucleosome fragility poises genes for swift up-regulation in response to the environmental changes. We propose that nucleosome fragility underscores distinct functional statuses of the chromatin and provides a new dimension for portraying the landscape of genome organization.
Low-power sliding correlation CMOS UWB pulsed Radar receiver for motion detection (2009)

This paper presents a low-power coherent receiver for UWB pulsed radar for motion detection. Due to accuracy of the radar motion detection, coherent detection scheme is adopted in the receiver. To relax the stringent requirement of timing synchronization, sliding correlation detection is proposed. The clocking step which determines detection resolution is determined by 2 ns which is half of a pulse width or equivalent to 30 cm. Receiver is designed in 0.13-mum CMOS process from 1.5 V supply. The pulse center frequency is 4 GHz. The receiver includes a high voltage gain LNA, a analog correlator, a sampling comparator and a flip flop. The whole receiver excluding an LNA consumes 0.9 mA of DC current and 10 pJ/pulse at the pulse rate of 16 MHz. The active size is 600 times 380 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Type 2 diabetes (2011)

In Brief In the first article of this series, review how you can educate patients about preventing type 2 diabetes and its complications.
Synthesis of Quaternary 1-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] Derivatives of 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine and Related Acyclic Nucleotide Analogs (1999)

Quaternization of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine ( 2 ) by diisopropyl 2-chloroethoxymethanephosphonate ( 3 ) followed by bromotrimethylsilane treatment and subsequent hydrolysis gave zwitterionic N 1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] derivative, hydrogen {[2-(2,4-diaminopyrimidin-1-io)ethoxy]methyl}phosphonate ( 5 ). Its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The same product was obtained from 2-amino-4-[(dimethylaminomethylene)amino]pyrimidine ( 6 ) by an analogous reaction sequence followed by an aqueous ammonia treatment after the transsilylation reaction. Also the quaternizations of 4,6-diaminopyrimidine ( 7 ) and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine ( 8 ) with the halo derivative 3 afforded the zwitterionic N 1-substituted compounds 9 and 10 , respectively. In contrast to this regiospecific reaction, 2-aminopyrimidine ( 11 ) gave on treatment with compound 3 and following deprotection the exo - N 2-isomer 13 . This compound was also obtained by the reaction starting from 2-[(dimethylaminomethylene)amino]pyrimidine ( 12 ) which was prepared by treatment of compound 11 with dimethylformamide dineopentyl acetal. Also 2,3-diaminopyridine ( 14 ) gave by the above reaction a mixture of 2-amino-3-{[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]amino}pyridine ( 15 ) and quaternary N 1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] derivative ( 16 ). None of these analogs of the antiviral PMEDAP exhibited any antiviral activity against DNA viruses or retroviruses, nor any cytostatic activity.
Tumor versus Matched-Normal Sequencing Analysis and Data Integration (2012)

Cancer research is a study of tragic complexity. The more we discover about this disease, the more we realize how much we have to learn. It relentlessly unravels new complications, justifying the difficulty we have had in ridding cancer from the human experience. Nevertheless, we strive to conquer it. To accomplish this noble goal, we require tools to understand a patient's specific tumor in as comprehensive a manner as possible. The methods presented here aim to provide a complete assessment of a tumor's genome, discovering the alterations made to the patient's germline genome that may have given rise to cancer. Mutations both large and small are identified and integrated using various techniques to discover the events and elements specific to the tumor genome. The methods will be used on whole genome sequencing data of several tumors, revealing the structural events that occurred in multiple tumors. Double minute chromosomes in GBM tumors will be discovered computationally and confirmed experimentally. Finally, techniques that expose tumor clonality will be described and used to infer whole genome, allele-specific copy number profiles of all major clones comprising a tumor population from a single tumor biopsy.
An unmanned aerial vehicle as human-assistant robotics system (2010)

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, Robotics is the science or study of the technology associated with the design, fabrication, theory, and application of Robots. The term Hoverbot is also often used to refer to sophisticated mechanical devices that are remotely controlled by human beings even though these devices are not autonomous. This paper describes a remotely controlled hoverbot by installing a transmitter and receiver on both sides that is the control computer (PC) and the hoverbot respectively. Data is transmitted as signal or instruction via a infrastructure network which is converted into a command for the hoverbot that operates at a remote site.
Comparison of HLA class II genes in Caucasoid, Chinese, and Japanese patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (1993)

To better define the genetic factors that predispose to primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we have used polymerase chain reaction in combination with oligonucleotide probe hybridization and DNA sequencing to analyze HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DPB1 alleles in Caucasoid (California), Japanese (Tokyo), and Chinese (Shanghai and Beijing) SS patients. In comparison to local controls in each region, we found: 1) increased frequency of the predicted haplotype HLA-DRB1*0301-DRB3*0101-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 in Caucasoid patients (p < 0.001); 2) increased frequency of the predicted haplotype HLA-DRB1*0405-DRB4*0101-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0401 in Japanese patients (p < 0.05); 3) increased frequency of the predicted haplotype DRB1*0803-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0601 in Chinese patients (p < 0.05); and 4) no statistically significant association with DPB1 alleles in any group, although an increased number of Caucasoid and Japanese SS patients possessed DPB1*0301. Comparison of DNA sequences for the three disease-associated haplotypes in these ethnic groups revealed a shared region of predicted amino acids from positions 58 to 69 in the first domain of HLA-DQB1. These results extend previous studies by demonstrating that no single class II allele was associated with 1 degree SS in the different ethnic groups. However, a shared amino acid motif in the DQB1 first domain was present in each disease-associated haplotype.
Fluidic actuators for active flow control on airframe (2016)

One objective of the European Projects AFLoNext and Clean Sky 2 is to apply Active Flow Control (AFC) on the airframe in critical aerodynamic areas such as the engine/wing junction or the outer wing region for being able to locally improve the aerodynamics in certain flight conditions. At the engine/wing junction, AFC is applied to alleviate or even eliminate flow separation at low speeds and high angle of attacks likely to be associated with the integration of underwing- mounted Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) engines and the necessary slat-cut-outs. At the outer wing region, AFC can be used to allow more aggressive future wing designs with improved performance. A relevant part of the work on AFC concepts for airframe application is the development of suitable actuators. Fluidic Actuated Flow Control (FAFC) has been introduced as a Flow Control Technology that influences the boundary layer by actively blowing air through slots or holes out of the aircraft skin. FAFC actuators can be classified by their Net Mass Flux and accordingly divided into ZNMF (Zero Net Mass Flux) and NZNMF (Non Zero Net-Mass-Flux) actuators. In the frame of both projects, both types of the FAFC actuator concepts are addressed. In this paper, the objectives of AFC on the airframe is presented and the actuators that are used within the project are discussed.
Isolation and characterization of a protease-nicked thioredoxin. (1981)

An altered form of thioredoxin, composed of two peptides with molecular weights of 7 and 5 X 10(3) has been isolated from Escherichia coli B after chromatography on Ultrogel AcA54. The position of the clip site, determined by amino acid sequencing to lie between Pro(64) and Gly(65), is consistent with a cleavage within the hinge region connecting the two prominent folding domains of thioredoxin. The NH2-terminal domain containing the active site, and the carboxyl-terminal domain correspond to the 7 and 5 X 10(3) fragments, respectively. The two peptides combine to form a tight complex, T'12. At concentrations below 10(-6) M, the clipped species was not efficiently reduced by thioredoxin reductase, showing only half the activity of native thioredoxin at a protein concentration of 9 X 10(-8) M. The Km of the clipped species for thioredoxin reductase (2.9 X 10(-6) M) was nearly equivalent to that of native thioredoxin (2.2 X 10(-6) M), and the Vmax for both native and clipped thioredoxins were nearly identical. These data are taken to imply a reversible association of the fragments to produce a thioredoxin equivalent to the intact species in its interaction with thioredoxin reductase. Some evidence exists for an unfolding of the 7 X 10(3) fragment upon dissociation of the complex. A functional role for the two-domain structure of thioredoxin is proposed in which the carboxyl domain serves to stabilize the active site within the amino domain and confer the species specificity in the binding of thioredoxin to thioredoxin reductase.
Locus of inhibitory action of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the antigen receptor-triggered cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation pathway. (1988)

The mechanism of the cAMP involvement in regulation of cellular functions was studied here using a novel functional assay (antigen receptor-triggered exocytosis of granules) of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We suggest that cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A, counteracts the protein kinase C and Ca2+-mediated stimulatory T-cell antigen receptor (TcR)-triggered biochemical pathway. This suggestion is supported by experimental results which satisfy criteria for protein kinase A involvement in cellular functions. Pretreatment of CTL with cholera toxin induces cAMP accumulation in CTL, partially inhibits TcR-triggered "lethal hit" delivery to the target cell, and almost completely blocks TcR-triggered exocytosis of granules from CTL. Other agents that raise the intracellular level of cAMP, including forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) also inhibit TcR-triggered CTL activation. Involvement of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in an inhibitory pathway is suggested by the synergistic effects of cyclic nucleotide analogs 8-bromo-cAMP and N6-benzoyl-cAMP in inhibition of TcR-triggered exocytosis. Forskolin and IBMX inhibited TcR-triggered phosphoinositide turnover in CTL, suggesting that cAMP affected very early events in signal transduction that follow TcR cross-linking by a ligand. The ability of IBMX to inhibit CTL activation when the TcR cross-linking step was by-passed by the combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionophore A23187 suggests that the locus of inhibitory effect of cAMP is at both the early and late stages of the TcR-triggered transmembrane signaling pathway.
Terminal differentiation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells is induced by targeting of the MUC1-C oncoprotein (2010)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is caused by expression of the Bcr-Abl fusion protein in hematopoietic stem cells. The MUC1-C oncoprotein is expressed in CML blasts and stabilizes Bcr-Abl. The present studies demonstrate that treatment of KU812 and K562 CML cells with GO-201, a cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of MUC1-C oligomerization, downregulates Bcr-Abl expression and inhibits cell growth. In concert with decreases in Bcr-Abl levels, KU812 and K562 cells responded to GO-201 with induction of a differentiated myeloid phenotype as evidenced by increased expression of CD11b, CD11c and CD14. The results also show that the GO-201-treated cells undergo a late apoptotic/necrotic response, consistent with induction of terminal differentiation. Primary CML blasts expressing MUC1 similarly responded to GO-201 with induction of a more differentiated phenotype and late apoptosis/necrosis. In addition, treatment of KU812 xenografts in nude mice was associated with upregulation of CD11 and tumor regression. These findings indicate that CML blasts respond to targeting of the MUC1-C oncoprotein with induction of terminal differentiation.
Risk factors for acidemia at birth (1997)

Labor with breech presentation, administration of oxytocin and meperidine, cord entanglement, and male gender are associated with an increased risk for insufficient fetomaternal gas exchange.
Universal and Solution-Processable Precursor to Bismuth Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics (2010)

We describe a universal precursor to compounds of the form Bi2Te3−xSex. This precursor can be dispensed using traditional solution-processing techniques and then thermally decomposed into its respective parent compound. Room temperature measurements of these materials yield thermoelectric figures of merit, ZT, ranging from 0.2 to 0.4.
Static Dielectric Constant of SiC (1970)

Using the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation, published data, and a simple analysis, we find the static dielectric constant of cubic SiC to be ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{s}}=9.72$. The same method yields ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{s}}(\ensuremath{\perp})=9.66$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{s}(\ensuremath{\parallel})=10.03$ for $6H$ SiC.
수용자의 교정심리검사와 교정상담 평가의 예측타당도 연구 :수용자의 5년 후 재범과 규율위반 예측 (2007)

범죄자의 재범위험성을 평가하기 위한 도구들은 실증적 자료를 통해 예측 효과성이 검증되어야 한다. 본 논문은 국내교정현장에서 분류심사 시에 사용되는 교정심리검사와 교정상담 측정치의 예측타당도를 확인하기 위하여 규율위반 행위와 재범을 추적조사 하였다. 5년 전에 수거되었던 재소자들의 자료를 추적하여 그동안의 규율 위반행위와 재범 여부를 확인하였다. 그 결과 교정심리검사와 교정상담평가는 나름대로 예측타당도를 지니는 것으로 확인되었는데, 규율 위반을 예측함에 있어서는 전과횟수와 교정상담 측정치인 교도소 처우에 대한 태도, 문제유발 가능성, 그리고 교정심리검사의 비행습관이 유용하였고, 재범을 예측함에 있어서는 전과횟수와 교정심리검사의 범죄적 사고가 유용한 지표인 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 위험성 평가 분야에서 정적 위험요인 이외에 역동적 위험요인이 유용할 수 있다는 외국의 연구결과들과 일맥상통한다.
Free-Standing LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Nanofiber Network Film as Lightweight and High-Power Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries (2014)

Lightweight and high-power LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/carbon nanofiber (CNF) network electrodes are developed as a high-voltage cathode for lithium ion batteries. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/CNF network electrodes are free-standing and can be used as a cathode without using any binder, carbon black, or metal current collector, and hence the total weight of the electrode is highly reduced while keeping the same areal loading of active materials. Compared with conventional electrodes, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/CNF network electrodes can yield up to 55% reduction in total weight and 2.2 times enhancement in the weight percentage of active material in the whole electrode. Moreover, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/carbon nanofiber (CNF) network electrodes showed excellent current rate capability in the large-current test up to 20C (1C = 140 mAh/g), when the conventional electrodes showed almost no capacity at the same condition. Further analysis of polarization resistance confirmed the favorable conductivity from the CNF network compared with the conventional electrode structure. By reducing the weight, increasing the working voltage, and improving the large-current rate capability simultaneously, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/CNF electrode structure can highly enhance the energy/power density of lithium ion batteries and thus holds great potential to be used with ultrathin, ultralight electronic devices as well as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.
RSMTool: collection of tools building and evaluating automated scoring models (2016)

RSMTool is a collection of tools for researchers working on the development of automated scoring engines for written and spoken responses in an educational context. The main purpose of the tool is to simplify the integration of educational measurement recommendations into the model building process and to allow the researchers to rapidly and automatically generate comprehensive evaluations of the scoring model.
Spontaneous Pattern Formation Induced by Bénard–Marangoni Convection for Sol–Gel-Derived Titania Dip-Coating Films: Effect of Co-solvents with a High Surface Tension and Low Volatility (2015)

Evaporation-driven surface tension gradient in the liquid layer often causes the convective flow, i.e., Bénard-Marangoni convection, resulting in the formation of cell-like patterns on the surface. Here, we prepared sol-gel-derived titania films from Ti(OC3H7(i))4 solutions by dip coating and discussed the effect of the addition of co-solvents with a high surface tension and low volatility on the spontaneous pattern formation induced by Bénard-Marangoni convection. Propylene glycol (PG, with a surface tension of 38.6 mN m(-1)) and dipropylene glycol (DPG, with a surface tension of 33.9 mN m(-1)) were added to the coating solutions containing 2-propanol (2-Pr, with a surface tension of 22.9 mN m(-1)) for controlling the evaporation-driven surface tension gradient in the coating layer on a substrate. During dip coating at a substrate withdrawal speed of 50 cm min(-1) in a thermostatic oven at 60 °C, linearly arranged cell-like patterns on a micrometer scale were spontaneously formed on the titania gel films, irrespective of the composition of coating solutions. Such surface patterns remained even after the heat treatment at 200 and 600 °C, where the densification and crystallization of the titania films progressed. The width and height of the cell-like patterns increased with increasing PG and DPG contents in the coating solutions, where the addition of PG resulted in the formation of cells with a larger height than DPG.