gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Continuous-Wave Terahertz Imaging (2006)

We demonstrate an all-optoelectronic, continuous-wave (CW) terahertz spectroscopy and imaging system based on temperature-tunable diode lasers. Time-domain waveforms are acquired for each pixel, and the use of multiple frequencies enables spectroscopic image display modes. We discuss the separation of the amplitude and phase parameters, and compare the accessible information with that obtained using pulsed terahertz systems.
OFDM-MIMO WLAN AP front-end gain and phase mismatch calibration (2005)

The work presents a front-end gain and phase mismatch calibration scheme for OFDM-MIMO/TDD WLAN systems using transmit-processing, where complete channel reciprocity and calibration of the access point (AP) hardware is needed. Simulation results for a single-user 2/spl times/2 OFDM-MIMO system with QAM-64 modulation show that our calibration method can reduce the implementation loss to as little as 0.2 dB at a coded BER of 10/sup -5/ The calibration scheme has been implemented and demonstrated by IMEC.
Metabotropic Glutamate 1α and Adenosine A1 Receptors Assemble into Functionally Interacting Complexes (2001)

Recently, evidence has emerged that seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors may be present as homo- and heteromers in the plasma membrane. Here we describe a new molecular and functional interaction between two functionally unrelated types of G protein-coupled receptors, namely the metabotropic glutamate type 1alpha (mGlu(1alpha) receptor) and the adenosine A1 receptors in cerebellum, primary cortical neurons, and heterologous transfected cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed a close and subtype-specific interaction between mGlu(1alpha) and A1 receptors in both rat cerebellar synaptosomes and co-transfected HEK-293 cells. By using transiently transfected HEK-293 cells a synergy between mGlu(1alpha) and A1 receptors in receptor-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) signaling has been shown. In primary cultures of cortical neurons we observed a high degree of co-localization of the two receptors, and excitotoxicity experiments in these cultures also indicate that mGlu(1alpha) and A1 receptors are functionally related. Our results provide a molecular basis for adenosine/glutamate receptors cross-talk and open new perspectives for the development of novel agents to treat neuropsychiatric disorders in which abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved.
Machine Intelligent Automatic Recognition of Critical Mobile Targets in Laser Radar Imagery (1993)

peer reviewed
Variables Affecting Mixed Oxidant Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Gasifiers (1999)

Abstract This paper is the final installment of EPRI’s project on corrosion in syngas coolers of integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant. In previous papers we explored the effect of chloride species on mixed oxidant corrosion of stainless steels (Corrosion 97, Paper 134) and iron aluminides (Corrosion 98, Paper 185). It was found that the amount of chloride species in the gas and in deposits largely determined the rate of corrosion. Armed with this understanding the effect of a few common process variables is explored in this paper. It was found that corrosion rates decline at higher temperatures, when chloride-enhanced mixed oxidant corrosion occurs at lower temperatures, but corrosion rates increase with temperature for pure sulfidation/oxidation, as may be expected. System pressure was generally of secondary importance, but again higher corrosion rates were generally experienced at elevated pressure, when chloride-enhanced corrosion was predominant, especially at lower temperatures. A simulated temperature excursion below the syngas dewpoint had similar effects, and also caused chloride-enhanced corrosion in 310 stainless steel, which usually does not show this type of corrosion, except when exposed to aqueous corrosion during downtime. A pleasant surprise was the almost complete lack of corrosion when H2S and HCl levels were reduced to those expected downstream from gasifiers using in-bed desulfurization. It would appear that 12Cr steels may be adequate here. This is being explored further.
A Message Transmission Control Scheme for Efficient Information Sharing in Disruption Tolerant Networks (2010)

Recently, information dissemination techniques in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have actively been studied as a technology that enables robust communication without pre-installed infrastructures. To achieve the robust communication in DTNs, Epidemic routing is widely used. It provides robust data transfer by disseminating data to all nodes. However, it generates many duplicate control message exchanges. When a node tries to share lots of small data such as node position information, message exchange overhead becomes large. In this paper, we propose a message transmission control scheme that can reduce the number of duplicate control messages. The proposed scheme decides whether to send the control message by estimating which control messages neighbor nodes received to prevent sending duplicate control message. Through simulation experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme decreases the number of control messages with data dissemination speed kept.
Channel Selection Based on Phase Measurement in P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface (2013)

Most EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms include specific electrode positions. As the structures and activities of the brain vary with each individual, contributing channels should be chosen based on original records of BCIs. Phase measurement is an important approach in EEG analyses, but seldom used for channel selections. In this paper, the phase locking and concentrating value-based recursive feature elimination approach (PLCV-RFE) is proposed to produce robust-EEG channel selections in a P300 speller. The PLCV-RFE, deriving from the phase resetting mechanism, measures the phase relation between EEGs and ranks channels by the recursive strategy. Data recorded from 32 electrodes on 9 subjects are used to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that the PLCV-RFE substantially reduces channel sets and improves recognition accuracies significantly. Moreover, compared with other state-of-the-art feature selection methods (SSNRSF and SVM-RFE), the PLCV-RFE achieves better performance. Thus the phase measurement is available in the channel selection of BCI and it may be an evidence to indirectly support that phase resetting is at least one reason for ERP generations.
Phylogeny of Campylobacters, Wolinellas, Bacteroides gracilis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus by 16S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing (1988)

Partial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences were determined for Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. intestinalis, Campylobacter sputorum subsp. bubulus, Wolinella curva, Wolinella recta, Wolinella succinogenes, Bacteroides gracilis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus. These sequences were compared with previously published sequences of Campylobacter laridis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter pylori, Thiovulum sp., Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, and percentages of homology were calculated. With the exception of C. pylori, all of the campylobacters formed a tight phylogenetic cluster. Within this cluster were the following organisms that have been classified as species of Wolinella and Bacteroides: W. curva, W. recta, B. gracilis, and B. ureolyticus. The average level of interspecies homology within this group was 94.4%. W. succinogenes and C. pylori formed a second cluster with a level of interspecies homology of 90.4%. The average level of homology of the W. succinogenes-C. pylori cluster with species of the campylobacter cluster was 85.1%. Thiovulum sp. was only 83% homologous with either of the two clusters. Based upon the sequence data, we suggest that all members of the campylobacter cluster should be placed in the genus Campylobacter. However, formal resolution of the taxonomic status of the campylobacter cluster may require additional information provided by other experimental methods.
L1 retrotransposition in nondividing and primary human somatic cells (2006)

Whether long interspersed element-1 (L1 or LINE-1) retrotransposition can occur in quiescent, nondividing, and/or terminally differentiated somatic cells has remained an unanswered fundamental question in human genetics. Here, we used a ubiquitously active phosphoglycerate kinase-1 promoter to drive the expression of a highly active human L1 element from an adenovirus-L1 hybrid vector. This vector system achieved retrotransposition in up to 91% of actively growing immortalized cells, and we demonstrated that L1 retrotransposition can be suppressed by the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. This adenovirus vector enabled efficient delivery of the L1 element into differentiated primary human somatic cells and G1/S-arrested cells, resulting in retrotransposition in both cases; however, it was not detected in G0-arrested cells. Thus, these data indicate that L1 retrotransposition can occur in nondividing somatic cells.
Adaptive image contrast enhancement using generalizations of histogram equalization (2000)

This paper proposes a scheme for adaptive image-contrast enhancement based on a generalization of histogram equalization (HE). HE is a useful technique for improving image contrast, but its effect is too severe for many purposes. However, dramatically different results can be obtained with relatively minor modifications. A concise description of adaptive HE is set out, and this framework is used in a discussion of past suggestions for variations on HE. A key feature of this formalism is a "cumulation function," which is used to generate a grey level mapping from the local histogram. By choosing alternative forms of cumulation function one can achieve a wide variety of effects. A specific form is proposed. Through the variation of one or two parameters, the resulting process can produce a range of degrees of contrast enhancement, at one extreme leaving the image unchanged, at another yielding full adaptive equalization.
Preliminary expansion of the resonant recognition model to incorporate multi variable analysis. (1995)

The Resonant Recognition Model (rrm) uses digital signal processing methods to investigate protein structure-function; and links the biological function of protein families to unique characteristic frequencies. The rrm originally used a single set of variables: the electron ion interaction potential (EIIP). Here the rrm has been expanded to include 242 sets of variables to analyse a sample of protein families. Despite the evident increase in complexity of the data, distinguishing patterns can be observed between the different protein families. The thus-obtained Signature Profiles (SP) indicate that proteins having similar overall functions may be identifiable and differentiated from others by their characteristic frequency signatures far more readily than with the single variable rrm spectra.
T cell-replacing activity of C8-derivatized guanine ribonucleosides. (1983)

Abstract The capacity of the C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides to provide T cell-like signals to cultures of splenic B cells was evaluated. We showed previously that these low m.w. nucleoside derivatives traverse the cell membrane and induce their effects from an intracellular location. The current studies clearly demonstrate that 8 mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo), when added to cultures of B cells and macrophages in the presence of antigen, is capable of supplying a "second signal" for B cells, enabling them to generate high numbers of specific plaque-forming cells against the immunizing antigen. This effect is duplicated in cultures of spleen cells from congenitally athymic mice. Inhibition of interleukin 2 (IL 2) generation by cyclosporin A, such that the antibody response of normal spleen cells is entirely abrogated, has minimal effects on the T cell-replacing activity of 8MGuo. Additivity studies with MLC supernatants as well as kinetic analyses with IL 2-associated lymphokines substantiate that these factors act by a mechanism distinct from that of 8MGuo and 8BrGuo. These observations establish these nucleoside activators as exciting new probes for T helper cell activity and an effective non-T cell source of T cell-like signals.
Influence of molecular Gases on the Output characteristics of a Copper Vapor Laser (1986)

The effect of molecular gas impurities in the Ne buffer gas on the output characteristics of a copper-vapor laser has been investigated. Molecules with hydrogen atoms are found to increase the laser output power and improve the intensity distribution over the cross section of the beam. Hydrogen improves the average output power by as much as 50% and the efficiency by 60%. A maximum average power of 27 W is obtained using the plasma tube with a 32 mmφ×70 cm active volume.
25-Percent efficient low-resistivity silicon concentrator solar cells (1986)

Recent improvement in the performance of silicon solar cells has produced outstanding energy conversion efficiencies of 27.5 percent by the use of high-resistivity rear-contacted cells. Parallel improvements in the more conventional bifacially contacted low-resistivity cells are described which have increased the efficiencies of such devices to 25 percent in the 50-100-suns concentration range. Efficiencies of 22 percent under one-sun concentration are also reported, comparable to those obtained with the high-resistivity approach, although not directly comparable to efficiencies for nonconcentrating cells for reasons outlined.
NADPH oxidase links endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and PKR activation to induce apoptosis (2010)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to several chronic disease processes, yet molecular and cellular mechanisms linking ER stress and oxidative stress in the setting of apoptosis are poorly understood and infrequently explored in vivo. In this paper, we focus on a previously elucidated ER stress-apoptosis pathway whose molecular components have been identified and documented to cause apoptosis in vivo. We now show that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase (NOX) and NOX-mediated oxidative stress are induced by this pathway and that apoptosis is blocked by both genetic deletion of the NOX subunit NOX2 and by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Unexpectedly, NOX and oxidative stress further amplify CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) induction through activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). In vivo, NOX2 deficiency protects ER-stressed mice from renal cell CHOP induction and apoptosis and prevents renal dysfunction. These data provide new insight into how ER stress, oxidative stress, and PKR activation can be integrated to induce apoptosis in a pathophysiologically relevant manner.
Apoptosis-induced Decrease of Intrathyroidal CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases (2007)

These results indicate that intrathyroidal Treg cells are decreased in response to apoptosis in patients with AITD. This decrease in Treg cells may contribute to the incomplete regulation of autoreactive T cells in AITD.
Design of Motor Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network (2018)

More and more modern devices are controlled by miniature special motors. But many existing miniature special motors are using mostly independent test methods through wire communication. In this paper, starting from the requirements of motor testing and the situation of workshop environment, a motor measurement and control system based on wireless sensor network is proposed and designed. This paper elaborates the relevant technical analysis and specific implementation of TT & C module, wireless terminal, wireless router, wireless gateway and host computer measurement and control module. At last, the test function and effect of the system are explained according to the test samples. The reliability and stability of the system are verified through reliability analysis.
The use of a back class teaching extension exercises in the treatment of acute low back pain in primary care (1998)

A treatment effect has not been demonstrated, but some patients who would otherwise have reported mild pain were pain free after 1 year. This approach to treating back pain has not been shown to be effective. More much larger studies, with more intensive treatment, are required in order to decide whether physical therapy in primary care is beneficial as treatment for acute back pain.
Variable Bandwidth Image Denoising Using Image-based Noise Models (2007)

This paper introduces a variational formulation for image denoising based on a quadratic function over kernels of variable bandwidth. These kernels are scale adaptive and reflect spatial and photometric similarities between pixels. The bandwidth of the kernels is observation-dependent towards improving the accuracy of the reconstruction process and is constrained to be locally smooth. We analyze the evolution of the noise model form the RAW space to the RGB one, by propagating it over the image formation process. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of a variable bandwidth approach and an image intensity dependent noise variance ensures better restoration quality.
Passive coded transponder using an acoustic-surface-wave delay line (1975)

A tapped acoustic-surface-wave delay line is used to produce a passive coded transporder for short-range applications. The technique is particularly convenient for operation in the v.h.f. band. It requires very low interrogation power, of the order of 2 mW, and an operating bandwidth of about 1 MHz.
Vitamin E as an <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Antioxidant<sup>a</sup> (1989)

alpha-Tocopherol has near optimal activity as a chain-breaking antioxidant. Inherent antioxidant activity plays an important part in determining overall biological activity but the phytyl tail also exerts a very important influence. The new deuterated alpha-tocopherol/GC-MS technique is providing unprecedented insight into the importance of the stereochemistry of the phytyl tail in determining bioavailability, as well as helping to discover how rapidly and effectively absorption, transport, uptake, and loss occur. Measurements of rate of turnover in tissues indicate that differences exist between different types of animals. It is possible that these tissue differences may explain the diverse range of vitamin E deficiency symptoms observed across a wide variety of animals. It is not known what is responsible for the differences in biokinetic behavior.
How to select a microcontroller (1990)

A set of guidelines for the designer to use as a checklist for evaluating candidate devices is given. The first decision examined is the level of performance required, that is, on the word size of the controller. The second step is to identify the quantity, frequency, and type of all input/output (I/O) signals, as well as any other special requirements, including those imposed by mechanical aspects of the system. The third consideration is the application's memory requirements, which should be further broken down into program memory and data memory. Mapping I/O peripherals and the choice of single-chip or expanded are discussed. The feature-selection process is addressed, stressing that an absolute match between requirements and features is not necessary, since minor alterations to the requirements or the addition of a peripheral chip could create the most cost-effective solution from a less-than-perfect pairing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real time MRI prostate segmentation based on wavelet multiscale products flow tracking (2010)

Currently, prostate cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in North America. As with many others types of cancer, early detection and treatment greatly increases the patient's chance of survival. Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Imaging (MRI/MRSI) techniques have became a reliable tool for early stage prostate cancer detection. Nevertheless, their performance is strongly affected by the determination of the region of interest (ROI) prior to data acquisition process. The process of executing prostate MRI/MRSI techniques can be significantly enhanced by segmenting the whole prostate. A novel method for segmentation of the prostate in MRI datasets is presented. This method exploits the different behavior presented by signal singularities and noise in the wavelet domain in order to accurately detect the borders around the prostate. The prostate contour is then traced by using a set of spatially variant rules that are based on prior knowledge about the general shape of the prostate. The proposed method yielded promising results when applied to clinical datasets.
Grain-size effects on dielectric properties in barium titanate ceramics (1976)

Measurements of the dielectric constant κ in high-purity BaTiO3 ceramics as a function of temperature show that κ is quite dependent on grain size in the ferroelectric state while it is almost independent of grain size in the paraelectric state. In the ferroelectric orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases, κ decreases rapidly with lowering temperature when grain size is reduced smaller than 3 μm. It is also observed that the Curie temperature Tc is decreased very slightly, but the lower two transition points are shifted to higher temperatures as grain size decreases.
Geomembrane liner failure: modelling of its influence on contaminant transfer (2000)

Statistical results of electrical damage detection systems used at more than 300 sites and covering more than 3.000.000 m2 are presented in regards to origin of the failure vs. size of damage and location of damage respectively. Another important result is that in case of more than a few failures per site, their distribution is not regular. The failures generally amalgamate in specific areas irregularly located in the geomembrane liner: flat floor areas, edges, corners, penetrations through the geomembrane, end of road access, joint of slopes and bottom, seams, temporary storage of granular materials, areas of loading and unloading of such materials and areas of regular motion of heavy plants, etc. The mathematical modeling based on such statistical results shows very important information. The main critical parameters are mainly location of failures and then their density. The size of holes (even if it looks very critical in time when it is revealed) is less important than previous parameters. These results point out the fact that in order to adequately quantify the rate of liquid flow through a composite liner a density of holes in the geomembrane is not a sufficient information. Indeed, it is necessary to know the exact position of holes, and their relative positions with regard to the position of wrinkles in the geomembrane. These results are only partial ones and research is going on.