gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separated-beam experiments and transit-time broadening (1981)

Separated-beam experiments for both the Doppler-free two-photon and saturated absorptions are under consideration. In the Doppler-free two-photon absorption, the experimental arrangement is important. Such important has not been recognized before. Three different arrangements are discussed here. In the first one, the separated-beam experiment is not coherent and the Ramsey fringe variation cannot be observed. In the second, the transit-time broadening is present and the Ramsey fringe variation depends on the atom's time of flight as well as the transit time. Finally, in the third arrangement, the transit-time broadening is eliminated and the Ramsey fringe variation depends on the atom's time of flight alone. These examples have shown that in the Doppler-free two-photon absorption, the elimination of the transit-time broadening is through a mechanism other than the beam separation. In the saturated absorption the situation is quite different. Even in the presence of transit-time broadening, the Ramsey fringe spacing depends only on the atom's time of flight.
Effect of screw configuration on the dispersion of nanofillers in thermoset polymers (2017)

Abstract This paper deals with the study of screw configuration for dispersing nanofillers in thermoset polymers using an intermesh co-rotating twin screw extruder. The influence of kneading elements on the dispersion of nanoclay in epoxy was examined using 10 different screw configurations. Nanoclay was dispersed in epoxy at a barrel temperature of 5°C and a screw speed of 100 rpm. The combination of right hand kneading block and three/four lobed kneading blocks resulted in uniform dispersion of nanofiller. Positive staggered angle with right hand kneading elements yielded uniform dispersion of the nanofiller. Mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites processed with these configurations were better than those of neat epoxy. Excessive shear was associated with four lobed kneading block (4KB)/4KB configuration and hence degradation of polymers leading to shorter chains, whereas inadequate shearing in neutral kneading block (NKB)/NKB configuration led to agglomerations. These observations were evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Lipase Isoenzymes from a Technical Aspergillus niger Enzyme (1985)

ABSTRACT A qualitative screening revealed the occurrence of lipase, esterase, protease, amylase, endo‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase, xylanase, pectinmethylesterase, polygalacturonase, catalase, β‐D‐glucosidase and β‐D‐galactosidase activities in the technical Aspergillus niger enzyme under study (Lipase 2212 D, Röhm). The isolation and purification of lipolytic activities were performed by combination of DEAE‐Trisacryl M ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G 50 gel filtration and hydrophobic chromatography using Phenylsepharose CL‐4B. The individual purification steps were checked by specific enzyme visualization in ultrathin agar gels after ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing (UIEF). Two UIEF homogeneous lipase isoenzymes (I and II) were isolated and characterized by the following parameters: isoelectric points (I: 4.0; II. 3.5); molecular weights (I: 31000 daltons; II: 19000 daltons); carbohydrate contents (I: 6%; II: 9%) and compositions; pH optima (I, II: 5‐6); substrate specificities and various effectors.
Materials for Use in a Durable Selectively Semitransparent Photomask (1971)

The object of this study was to screen a group of metal oxides as possible candidates for use as semitransparent mask materials. For this study, all masks were prepared by d‐c reactive sputtering onto glass. The uv‐visible spectra for the entire group of oxide films were recorded. The spectral characteristics desired for a photomask are (i) transmission of less than 1% in the region below 404 nm (for masking), and (ii) transmission of greater than 30% at 589 nm (for the see‐through characteristic). Because of inferior spectral absorption properties, the following systems were eliminated from further consideration: lead oxide‐silicon oxide, lead oxide‐germanium oxide, copper oxide, copper oxide‐vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, chromium oxide, uranium oxide, mercury oxide, and zinc oxide. Those systems which satisfied the spectral requirements were: iron oxide, vanadium oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide‐nickel oxide, and iron oxide‐vanadium oxide. These materials were then further evaluated to assure etchability in solvents compatible with photoresist processsing and resistance to abrasion. These latter two properties will be discussed in greater detail in a forthcoming article. Considering only sputtered films, the 10 m/o (mole per cent) iron oxide‐90 m/o vanadium oxide is the most promising material based on these additional requirements.
Examining author gender data (2019)

I previously reported results of a study on author gender in Science ( science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6323/329 ) that was based on the examination of a random sample of approximately 2600 authors for which gender was inferred by painstaking analysis of websites and similar sources. Unfortunately, this approach does not scale well to large samples necessary for many analyses. We have since initiated systematic efforts to examine gender distributions of key populations of authors and reviewers for the Science family of journals using additional data and tools and plan to use this information to guide policy development and other appropriate steps to address any gender disparities.
Pleckstrin Homology Domain-mediated Membrane Association and Activation of the β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase Requires Coordinate Interaction with Gβγ Subunits and Lipid (1995)

The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is an approximately 100-amino-acid region of sequence homology present in numerous proteins of diverse functions, which forms a discrete structural module. Several ligands capable of binding to PH domain-containing proteins have been identified including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the G beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (G beta gamma), which bind to the amino and carboxyl termini of the PH domain, respectively. Here we report that the binding of G beta gamma and lipid to the PH domain of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK) synergistically enhances agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation and that both PH domain-binding ligands are required for membrane association of the kinase. PIP2 and to a lesser extent phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid were the only lipids tested capable, in the presence of G beta gamma, of enhancing beta ARK activity. In contrast, the Km and Vmax for phosphorylation of a soluble beta ARK substrate (casein) was not altered in either the presence or absence of G beta gamma and/or PIP2. A fusion protein of the beta ARK containing an intact PH domain inhibits G beta gamma/PIP2-dependent beta ARK activity. In contrast, a mutant fusion protein in which a tryptophan residue, invariant in all PH domain sequences, is mutated to alanine shows no inhibitory activity. The requirement for the simultaneous presence of two PH domain binding ligands represents a previously unappreciated mechanism for effecting membrane localization of a protein and may have relevance to other PH domain-containing proteins.
Electro-optical properties of twisted nematic liquid crystals : An application to voltage controllable color formation (1975)

Optimum conditions for the voltage controllable color formation (VCCF) using nematic liquid crystals with a positive dielectric anisotropy which have homogeneous alignment were studied. It is shown that the optimum condition is realized by choosing the twisting angle of the nematic liquid crystals equal to zero and by setting parallel or crossed polarizers at 45° relative to the directors of the molecules of the liquid crystals. There are several alternative conditions for VCCF. The polarizers used in the research were neutral color polarizers. Spectra of the transmitted light under the application of the voltages were obtained. From the effective birefringence, the widths of the spectra were determined. These values are compared with those which were determined by an independent method. Good agreement between them shows a validity of the model adopted in this work.
The prevalence of autoantibodies to: myosin, troponin, tropomyosin and myoglobin in patients with circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine autoantibodies (THAA). (2007)

Our study indicates that muscle protein antibodies, especially to myoglobin, myosin and troponin, are very frequently present in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and circulating anti-T3 and anti-T4 autoantibodies, as well as in most cases of chronic thyroiditis with clinical symptoms of hypothyroidisms.
Light trapping in ultrathin plasmonic solar cells (2010)

We report on the design, fabrication, and measurement of ultrathin film a-Si:H solar cells with nanostructured plasmonic back contacts, which demonstrate enhanced short circuit current densities compared to cells having flat or randomly textured back contacts. The primary photocurrent enhancement occurs in the spectral range from 550 nm to 800 nm. We use angle-resolved photocurrent spectroscopy to confirm that the enhanced absorption is due to coupling to guided modes supported by the cell. Full-field electromagnetic simulation of the absorption in the active a-Si:H layer agrees well with the experimental results. Furthermore, the nanopatterns were fabricated via an inexpensive, scalable, and precise nanopatterning method. These results should guide design of optimized, non-random nanostructured back reflectors for thin film solar cells.
The Effect of Changes in the Consumption of Macrolide Antibiotics on Erythromycin Resistance in Group A Streptococci in Finland (1997)

In Finland, after nationwide reductions in the use of macrolide antibiotics for outpatient therapy, there was a significant decline in the frequency of erythromycin resistance among group A streptococci isolated from throat swabs and pus samples.
Analysis of Thrombi Retrieved from Cerebral Arteries of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. (2005)

Abstract To obtain insights into the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, we analyzed thromboemboli and other occlusive material retrieved acutely from the cerebral arteries of patients. The experimental design was an observational study in 25 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by endovascular mechanical thromboembolectomy. Patients with acute occlusion of a proximal cerebral artery, a disabling neurologic deficit, and either initiation of therapy within 8 hours of onset or initiation of therapy beyond 8 hours if imaging demonstrated substantial residual penumbral tissue at risk were treated at a tertiary Comprehensive Stroke Center (the UCLA Stroke Center). Thrombus was removed by an endovascular mechanical embolectomy device (Merci® Retriever System, Concentric Medical, Mountain View, CA) after placement by angiographic catheter into the occluded intracranial carotid artery, middle cerebral artery or vertebral-basilar artery under fluoroscopic guidance. Our results show that the large majority (20 of 25) of extracted thrombi have similar histologic architecture, a complex of layered, sometimes serpentine, lengths of fibrin:platelet deposits interspersed with linear streaks of nucleated cells. This histology was prevalent with both cardioembolic and atherosclerotic etiologies, indicating the same pathogenetic influences of blood flow and shear in thrombus formation. This histologic pattern among thrombi was present in both the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Clots composed uniformly of erythrocytes were uncommon (3 of 25) and were observed only with incomplete extractions, suggesting that sampling was of the proximal thrombus tail where post-occlusion thrombosis had occurred under conditions of stagnant flow. Calcifications or cholesterol were not present. Thrombus size, not histology, predicted the site of arterial occlusion, with no thrombus larger than 3 mm width causing stroke limited to the MCA and no thrombus larger than 5 mm width removed from the ICA. Fungus-containing thrombus was extracted from one patient who had mycotic valvular disease, and an unusual complication occurred in another case, namely, scraping of a small atheroma and attached intima from the MCA, albeit without clinical consequence. We conclude that thromboemboli that cause acute ischemic stroke are of similar, complex structure, regardless of macroscopic dimensions, and are similarly influenced by blood flow, whether the primary etiology is cardioembolic or atherosclerotic. Embolus size is the critical aspect that determines its ultimate destination, those of more than 5 mm width appearing to bypass the cerebral vessels entirely. The mixed fibrin:platelet pattern present in the preponderance of thromboemboli provides foundation for the success of both antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment strategies in stroke prevention.
Immunomonitoring Results of a Phase II/III Study of Malignant Ascites Patients Treated with the Trifunctional Antibody Catumaxomab (Anti-EpCAM × Anti-CD3) (2011)

Patients with malignant ascites secondary to primary carcinomas benefit from intraperitoneal therapy with the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM × anti-CD3). Here, we report the analysis of peritoneal fluid samples from 258 patients with malignant ascites randomized to catumaxomab or control groups to investigate the molecular effects of catumaxomab treatment. In the catumaxomab group, tumor cell numbers and peritoneal levels of VEGF decreased, whereas the activation status of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell populations increased more than two-fold after treatment. Notably, CD133(+)/EpCAM(+) cancer stem cells vanished from the catumaxomab samples but not from the control samples. In vitro investigations indicated that catumaxomab eliminated tumor cells in a manner associated with release of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines. Together, our findings show that catumaxomab therapy activates peritoneal T cells and eliminates EpCAM(+) tumor cells, establishing a molecular and cellular basis to understand in vivo efficacy within the immunosuppressed malignant ascites tissue microenvironment.
La valoración política de los acuerdos y la democratización (1995)

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 43, 1995: 3-7
Chemoimmunotherapy of cancer. 1 (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemoimmunotherapy of cancer. 1A. H. Soloway, I. Agranat, A. R. Chase, R. E. Hernandez, E. S. Kimball, T. Cascieri Jr., and C. H. CoxCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 9, 918–922Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00255a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00255a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of hybrid membranes using poly(vinyl alcohol) and tetraethylorthosilicate for the pervaporation separation of water–isopropanol mixtures (2004)

Abstract Hybrid membranes were prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) via hydrolysis and cocondensation reaction for the pervaporation separation of water‐isopropanol mixtures. The resulting membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of these membranes varied from 100 to 120°C with increasing TEOS content. Effects of crosslinking density and feed compositions on the pervaporation performances of the membranes were studied. The membrane containing 1.5:1 mass ratio of TEOS to PVA gave the highest separation selectivity of 900 at 30°C for 10 mass % of water in the feed mixture. It was found that the separation selectivity and permeation flux data are strongly dependent on the water composition of the feed and operating temperature. However, the membrane with the highest crosslinking density showed unusual pervaporation properties. The overall activation energy values were calculated using the Arrhenius‐type equation. The activation energy values for the permeation and diffusion varied from 49.18 to 64.96 and 55.13 to 67.31 kJ/mol, respectively. Pervaporation data have also been explained on the basis of thermodynamic quantities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1304–1315, 2004
Etude de nouveaux macrocycles pour la complexation des actinides : validation pour la purification des effluents aqueux (1999)

Les effluents radioactifs du centre du CEA de Valduc doivent etre decontamines totalement avant leur rejet a l'environnement. Si le traitement des effluents tres charges par les techniques classiques (precipitation, filtration, evaporation) permet d'epurer facilement des volumes importants d'effluents, ces techniques ne permettent pas toujours de traiter l'effluent de maniere ultime. La recherche de nouvelles techniques de separation pour la recuperation de metaux presents a l'etat de traces dans les effluents industriels peu concentree de tout type est necessaire. Au cours de nos travaux de these, nous avons realise l'etude et le greffage sur support solide de nouvelles molecules sequestrantes appartenant a la famille des macrocycles tetraazotes. En effet, la recherche dans le domaine de la chimie macrocyclique permet d'envisager la synthese de molecules cibles capables de complexer selectivement des elements donnes (metaux lourds, actinides). Le greffage de ces molecules sur gel de silice nous a alors permis d'obtenir des resines possedant une efficacite remarquable pour l'extraction des actinides (U, Pu, Am). L'utilisation de ces resines dans des colonnes conduit alors a un procede d'extraction liquide-solide tres simple a mettre en œuvre. Afin d'envisager un tel traitement au stade semi-industriel pour la decontamination ultime, nous avons mis au point une installation pilote. Les essais realises ont permis de traiter totalement pres de 50 m#3 d'effluents reels ayant des origines tres diverses, montrant ainsi l'efficacite et la flexibilite de ce procede pour la recuperation d'actinides presents a l'etat de traces. Les resultats obtenus permettent d'envisager la mise en œuvre d'une telle technique au stade industriel pour traiter directement tous les effluents faiblement charges produits par le centre de Valduc. Ces travaux demontrent que la chimie macrocyclique permet d'apporter une contribution certaine dans le domaine de l'environnement.
Foundations for offshore wind turbines (2003)

An important engineering challenge of today, and a vital one for the future, is to develop and harvest alternative sources of energy. This is a firm priority in the UK, with the government setting a target of 10% of electricity from renewable sources by 2010. A component central to this commitment will be to harvest electrical power from the vast energy reserves offshore, through wind turbines or current or wave power generators. The most mature of these technologies is that of wind, as much technology transfer can be gained from onshore experience. Onshore wind farms, although supplying 'green energy', tend to provoke some objections on aesthetic grounds. These objections can be countered by locating the turbines offshore, where it will also be possible to install larger capacity turbines, thus maximizing the potential of each wind farm location. This paper explores some civil-engineering problems encountered for offshore wind turbines. A critical component is the connection of the structure to the ground, and in particular how the load applied to the structure is transferred safely to the surrounding soil. We review previous work on the design of offshore foundations, and then present some simple design calculations for sizing foundations and structures appropriate to the wind-turbine problem. We examine the deficiencies in the current design approaches, and the research currently under way to overcome these deficiencies. Designs must be improved so that these alternative energy sources can compete economically with traditional energy suppliers.
EpitoCore: Mining Conserved Epitope Vaccine Candidates in the Core Proteome of Multiple Bacteria Strains (2020)

In reverse vaccinology approaches, complete proteomes of bacteria are submitted to multiple computational prediction steps in order to filter proteins that are possible vaccine candidates. Most available tools perform such analysis only in a single strain, or a very limited number of strains. But the vast amount of genomic data had shown that most bacteria contain pangenomes, i.e., their genomic information contains core, conserved genes, and random accessory genes specific to each strain. Therefore, in reverse vaccinology methods it is of the utmost importance to define core proteins and core epitopes. EpitoCore is a decision-tree pipeline developed to fulfill that need. It provides surfaceome prediction of proteins from related strains, defines core proteins within those, calculate their immunogenicity, predicts epitopes for a given set of MHC alleles defined by the user, and then reports if epitopes are located extracellularly and if they are conserved among the core homologs. Pipeline performance is illustrated by mining peptide vaccine candidates in <i>Mycobacterium avium hominissuis</i> strains. From a total proteome of ~4,800 proteins per strain, EpitoCore predicted 103 highly immunogenic core homologs located at cell surface, many of those related to virulence and drug resistance. Conserved epitopes identified among these homologs allows the users to define sets of peptides with potential to immunize the largest coverage of tested HLA alleles using peptide-based vaccines. Therefore, EpitoCore is able to provide automated identification of conserved epitopes in bacterial pangenomic datasets.