gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal Antibodies to Canine Cell Surface Antigens: A Comparison of Screening Assays (1984)

An ELISA for detection of monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens on canine lymphocytes was evaluated, and results were compared with three additional tests: a radioimmunoassay using 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A (IPA), the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS II), and CdL. Three potentially interesting hybridomas were subsequently selected from two fusions.
1999 Canadian recommendations for the management of hypertension (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for health care professionals on the management of hypertension in adults. OPTIONS: For patients with hypertension, there are both lifestyle options and pharmacological therapy options that may control blood pressure. For those patients who are using pharmacological therapy, a range of antihypertensive drugs is available. The choice of a specific antihypertensive drug is dependent upon the severity of the hypertension and the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors and concurrent diseases. OUTCOMES: The health outcomes considered were changes in blood pressure and in morbidity and mortality rates. Because of insufficient evidence, no economic outcomes were considered. EVIDENCE: MEDLINE searches were conducted from the period of the last revision of the Canadian Recommendations for the Management of Hypertension (January 1993 to May 1998). Reference lists were scanned, experts were polled and the personal files of the authors were used to identify other studies. All relevant articles were reviewed, classified according to study design and graded according to levels of evidence. VALUES: A high value was placed on the avoidance of cardiovascular morbidity and premature death caused by untreated hypertension. BENEFITS: Harms and costs: The diagnosis and treatment of hypertension with pharmacological therapy will reduce the blood pressure of patients with sustained hypertension. In certain settings, and for specific drugs, blood pressure lowering has been associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. RECOMMENDATIONS: This document contains detailed recommendations pertaining to all aspects of the diagnosis and pharmacological therapy of hypertensive patients. With respect to diagnosis, the recommendations endorse the greater use of non-office-based measures of blood pressure control (i.e., using home blood pressure and automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring equipment) and greater emphasis on the identification of other cardiovascular risk factors, both in the assessment of prognosis in hypertension and in the choice of therapy. On the treatment side, lower targets for blood pressure control are advocated for some subgroups of hypertensive patients, in particular, those with diabetes and renal disease. Implicit in the recommendations for therapy is the principle that for the vast majority of hypertensive patients treated pharmacologically, practitioners should not follow a stepped-care approach. Instead, therapy should be individualized, based on consideration of concurrent diseases, both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular. VALIDATION: All recommendations were graded according to the strength of the evidence and the consensus of all relevant stakeholders. SPONSORS: The Canadian Hypertension Society and the Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control.
A Framework for Elastic Execution of Existing MPI Programs (2011)

There is a clear trend towards using cloud resources in the scientific or the HPC community, with a key attraction of cloud being the elasticity it offers. In executing HPC applications on a cloud environment, it will clearly be desirable to exploit elasticity of cloud environments, and increase or decrease the number of instances an application is executed on during the execution of the application, to meet time and/or cost constraints. Unfortunately, HPC applications have almost always been designed to use a fixed number of resources. This paper describes our initial work towards the goal of making existing MPI applications elastic for a cloud framework. Considering the limitations of the MPI implementations currently available, we support adaptation by terminating one execution and restarting a new program on a different number of instances. The components of our envisioned system include a decision layer which considers time and cost constraints, a framework for modifying MPI programs, and a cloud-based runtime support that can enable redistributing of saved data, and support automated resource allocation and application restart on a different number of nodes. Using two MPI applications, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, and show that outputting, redistributing, and reading back data can be a reasonable approach for making existing MPI applications elastic.
Exploring Magnetic Fields with a Compass (2010)

A compass is an excellent classroom tool for the exploration of magnetic fields. Any student can tell you that a compass is used to determine which direction is north, but when paired with some basic trigonometry, the compass can be used to actually measure the strength of the magnetic field due to a nearby magnet or current-carrying wire. In this paper, we present a series of simple activities adapted from the Matter & Interactions textbook1 for doing just this. Interestingly, these simple measurements are comparable to predictions made by the Bohr model of the atom. Although antiquated, Bohr's atom can lead the way to a deeper analysis of the atomic properties of magnets. Although originally developed for an introductory calculus-based course, these activities can easily be adapted for use in an algebra-based class or even at the high school level.
CD21 expressed on basophilic cells is involved in histamine release triggered by CD23 and anti‐CD21 antibodies (1993)

Recombinant full-length human CD23 incorporated into fluorescent liposomes was used to detect a ligand for CD23 on the basophilic leukemia cell line, KU 812. Based on our recent finding that CD23 interacts with CD21 on subsets of B and T cells, we investigated if the same ligand was involved on KU 812 cells. An anti-CD21 monoclonal antibody (mAb) BU-33, was able to totally block CD23-liposome binding to KU 812 cells. Moreover, KU 812 cells express CD21 mRNA and have a cell surface molecule that reacts with anti-CD21 mAb. The CD23/CD21 interaction was not merely physical but was also associated with an increase in histamine release by KU 812 cells. Both recombinant soluble CD23 and an anti-CD21 mAb-mediated effect on histamine release was not restricted to and anti-CD21 mAb-mediated effect on histamine release was not restricted to the leukemic cell line, but was also observed with normal human blood basophils. These data demonstrate that CD21 is expressed on basophilic cells and that CD21 controls histamine production upon ligand-induced stimulation (CD23 or anti-CD21 mAb).
Engineering Ferroelectric Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Thin Films by Epitaxial Stress (2019)

The critical impact of epitaxial stress on the stabilization of the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of hafnia is proved. Epitaxial bilayers of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) electrodes were grown on a set of single crystalline oxide (001)-oriented (cubic or pseudocubic setting) substrates with a lattice parameter in the 3.71–4.21 Å range. The lattice strain of the LSMO electrode, determined by the lattice mismatch with the substrate, is critical in the stabilization of the orthorhombic phase of HZO. On tensilely strained LSMO electrodes, most of the HZO film is orthorhombic, whereas the monoclinic phase is favored when LSMO is relaxed or compressively strained. Therefore, the HZO films on TbScO3 and GdScO3 substrates present substantially enhanced ferroelectric polarization in comparison to films on other substrates, including the commonly used SrTiO3. The capability of having epitaxial doped HfO2 films with controlled phase and polarization is of major interest for a better understanding of the ferroelectric properties and paves the way for fabrication of ferroelectric devices based on nanometric HfO2 films.
Asynchronous sampling of 2D arrays using winner-takes-all arbitration (2002)

We describe a novel scheme for asynchronous communication of information out of two dimensional processing arrays. Our architecture employs analog Winner Takes All (WTA) circuits instead of digital binary-tree arbiters found in other designs. A small system that incorporates an array of 9/spl times/12 pixels has been fabricated in a 2/spl mu/, double polysilicon, double metal process. Experimental results verify system functionality with a full-handshaking communication cycle of 3 /spl mu/s. The WTA circuits have been independently tested and their operation verified down to 18 ns.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) triggers hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation via redox-dependent mechanisms (2003)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis. Here, we obtained evidence that oxLDL induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein accumulation in human macrophages (Mono-Mac-6) under normoxia. HIF-1alpha accumulation was attenuated by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors such as diphenyleniodonium (DPI) or 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), thus implicating the contribution of oxLDL-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas oxLDL did not modulate HIF-1alpha mRNA levels, experiments with cycloheximide pointed to a translational mechanism in oxLDL action. HIF-1-dependent luciferase reporter gene analysis underscored HIF-1 transactivation. Our results indicate that oxLDL induced HIF-1alpha accumulation and HIF-1-dependent reporter gene activation in human macrophages via a redox-mediated pathway. This finding may suggest a role of HIF-1 in atherosclerosis and oxLDL-induced pathogenesis.
The Future of Highway Financing (2005)

This article reports on a roundtable conference convened by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the Transportation Research Board (TRB), and private consultants to discuss highway financing options. The goal of the roundtable was to further the dialogue on the need to explore financing alternatives but not to come to a consensus on any of the issues or to drawn conclusions concerning the most promising financing options. Much of the discussion concerned the relative merits of moving toward greater use of pricing to finance new highway capacity and manage demand. Topics include the Federal role in highway financing, the use of value pricing, general taxes, specialized taxes, and direct user charges. The author concludes by noting that a number of groups are questioning the long-term viability of the fuel tax to finance future expansion, maintenance, and operation of the U.S. highway system. Developing a consensus on alternative approaches will, however, take considerable time and public involvement.
A heuristic approach to task assignment optimization in distributed systems (2002)

This paper describes an efficient heuristic algorithm for the task assignment problem (an NP-complete problem). The problem is to find an optimal mapping of multiple communicating tasks onto the processing nodes of a distributed computing system. The purpose of mapping these tasks onto the nodes of the system is the minimization of the total execution time without sacrificing solution quality. Many heuristic approaches have been employed to obtain satisfactory mapping. Our heuristic, the genetic mean field annealing (GMFA), is a hybrid of genetic algorithm and mean field annealing. The hybrid algorithm combines the benefit of both methods and thus improves the performance. We compare the quality of solutions and time derived by the proposed GMFA against those derived by the genetic algorithm and mean held annealing algorithm respectively. Our experimental results from a simulation study of the heuristic algorithms are presented. In all cases studied, the solution quality derived by our new approach were significantly better than those derived by the conventional approaches.
Does Instability Imply Transitivity? (1934)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
apobec-1, the Catalytic Subunit of the Mammalian Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme, Is a Novel RNA-binding Protein (1995)

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing is mediated by an enzyme complex which includes the catalytic subunit, apobec-1. Recombinant GST/APOBEC-1 binds with high specificity to a rat apoB RNA template as demonstrated by UV cross-linking and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). ApoB RNA binding was competed by poly(U), poly(A,U), and tRNA, but not by poly(A) or other homopolymeric ribonucleotides. UV cross-linking of GST/APOBEC-1 to an apoB RNA template was uninfluenced by the binding of proteins of approximately 60 and approximately 44 kDa, present in S100 extracts prepared from different sources. The binding of these proteins was similarly uninfluenced by the simultaneous binding of GST/APO-BEC-1. Moreover, the inclusion of heterologous S100 extracts in the RNA binding reactions completely abrogated the competitive displacement of GST/APOBEC-1 by tRNA. EMSA revealed the onset of RNA binding within 1-2 min, and its specificity was confirmed by a supershift with anti-GST/APOBEC-1 antisera. The structural specificity for apoB RNA binding, as inferred from EMSA, appears to be distinct from apoB RNA editing since wild-type chicken apoB RNA, which is not editable, and several mutant chicken apoB RNAs containing clustered mutations within the minimal apoB RNA editing cassette, bound with efficiency similar to the rat apoB RNA template. In conclusion, while the data suggest that apobec-1 binds AU-rich templates, the importance of this observation in the context of mammalian apoB mRNA editing remains unknown.
Electron transfer from<i>Shewanella algae</i>BrY to hydrous ferric oxide is mediated by cell-associated melanin (2003)

Shewanella algae BrY uses insoluble mineral oxides as terminal electron acceptors, but the mechanism of electron transfer from cell surface to mineral surface is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that cell-associated melanin produced by S. algae BrY serves as an electron conduit for bacterial-mineral reduction. Results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cell surface hydrophobicity assays indicated that extracellular melanin was associated with the cell surface. With H(2) as electron donor, washed cell suspensions of melanin-coated S. algae BrY reduced hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) 10 times faster than cells without melanin. The addition of melanin (20 microg ml(-1)) to these melanin-free cells increased their HFO reduction rate two-fold. These results suggest that cell-associated melanin acts as an electron conduit for iron mineral reduction by S. algae BrY.
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of a breast‐specific magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound system in a goat udder model (2013)

The system was able to successfully ablate lesions up to 3.6 cm(3). The thermal dose volume was found to correlate better with the 14-day postablation nonenhancing delayed contrast enhanced-MR image volumes. While the goat udder is not an ideal model for the human breast, this study has proven the feasibility of using this system on a wide variety of udder shapes and sizes, demonstrating the flexibility that would be required in order to treat human subjects.
In vitro studies and computer simulations to assess the use of a diode laser (850 nm) for laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) (1996)

The data suggest that a low power diode laser can be recommended for use in LITT to treat prostate and kidney tissue.
Smartphone-Assisted Pronunciation Learning Technique for Ambient Intelligence (2016)

In an ambient intelligence (AmI) environment, electronic devices that comprise the Internet of things (IoT) network work together seamlessly to provide a wide variety of applications and intelligent services to users. Computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT), a widely used application in the traditional Internet environment that corrects user’s pronunciation, is a promising service for transition to the AmI environment. However, the migration of the CAPT to the AmI environment is challenging due to its high computational requirements that is at odds with the low computational capacity of IoT members. In this paper, we propose a smartphone-assisted pronunciation learning technique based on a lightweight word recommendation method that exploits built-in functions supported by IoT members and a computationally moderate word selection method. The experimental evaluation of the proposed method demonstrates that the user pronunciation is significantly improved without incurring unacceptable computational costs for a smartphone platform.
High-Field Conductivity in Germanium and Silicon at Microwave Frequencies (1961)

The effect on the conductivity of germanium and silicon samples of 2.85-kMc electric fields up to peak values of 10 000 v/cm was measured. These measurements differ from earlier ones in that: (1) the microwave field was in the form of progressive rather than standing waves, which made possible more accurate determination of the field strength in the sample, and (2) to determine whether any frequency effects occur at 2.85-kMc conductivity was measured at high dc fields on the same samples. From the average conductivity under microwave excitation the instantaneous conductivity was calculated and found to agree, within experimental error, with the dc conductivity, indicating that the conductivity can still follow the 2.85-kMc field at least up to peak fields of 10 000 v/cm.
Adequate urban soil occupation planning to face food crisis in the Sahel. (2010)

Sahel countries are facing at present a threefold crisis, in particular a food crisis with a very weak economy. Non-occupied land areas should be considered as important resources that could be a solution to the problem. Throughout the world, productive land areas have been threatened by urbanization, which has progressively lost potential agricultural land. Sahel’s coastal countries are facing this phenomenon with the pressure of increasing population migrations caused mainly by economic issues and climate change impacts. This paper is a case study of two coastal cities from Senegal (Dakar and Saint Louis). It aims to emphasize how well oriented soil occupation should be considered as a solution for enabling populations to overcome the changing climate and economic difficulties, while building a city. Location and evolution of cities are represented using Geographical Information System tools. With appropriate soil quality classification, questionnaires dealing with productivity of ongoing socioeconomic activities provided a convincing argument to support a pedoeconomic approach that concludes on how soil occupation planning could enable people to face efficiently the effects of the food crisis in the Sahel.
Seamless Interaction between Multiple Devices and Meeting Rooms (2007)

Meetings often suffer from the inability of participants to be physically present in one room. Moreover, with current networking technologies, meeting environments can be distributed over multiple rooms. The goal of the iConnect project is to provide collaboration services while interconnecting both collocated and remote users. We focus on smooth engagement by allowing participants to share arbitrary data through heterogeneous input devices and displays.
Invited Paper Overview Of Flow Dynamics In Gas-Assisted Laser Cutting (1987)

Material cutting techniques with a focussed c/w CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam use a gas jet from a nozzle to assist ejection of material from the cut kerf. Traditional techniques use a circular tipped nozzle mounted coaxial with the focussing beam. It is usual for these nozzles to be operated at low pressures (<100 kPa-gauge). Higher pressures can give higher cutting speeds but this can be associated with lack of reproducibility of cut quality. One of the reasons for the unreliable behaviour is the complex nature of the shock fronts and associated phenomena that can occur in a supersonic gas jet impinging on a workpiece. Shocks can result in a reduction of the stagnation pressure on the surface of the workpiece. Experiments are described that demonstrate a strong correlation between the local stagnation pressure and the maximum laser cutting speed. Measurements of this cutting pressure and flow visualisation techniques have been used to investigate a number of nozzle and workpiece geometries. The formation of a strong normal shock (the Mach shock disk, MSD) in underexpanded cutting jets is found to impair cutting performance. Not only does a MSD cause a significant reduction in the cutting pressure but it can also encourage the formation of a stable stagnation bubble on the surface of the workpiece. It is suggested that the adverse flow conditions in the bubble could impede cut debris removal. Two new nozzle designs are described whereby the formation of a MSD and stagnation bubble is prevented at normal operating pressures. Examples are given of nozzles which can exert cutting pressures in excess of 500 kPa-gauge at damage resistant stand-off distances of 4 to 7mm. The flow characteristics of nozzle designs used by other investigators is reported. These include the flat-tip nozzle, the tri-jet off-axis array and the ring or annular nozzle.
The Role of Arterial Embolization in Renal Cell Carcinoma (1999)

Twenty-five years ago arterial embolization was introduced to facilitate the surgical excision of the carcinomatous kidney or to palliate symptoms, such as haemorrhage from non-resectable tumours. The role of this technique in the therapeutic armamentarium has been a source of debate in the literature. We reviewed all the available literature. A total of 389 papers were evaluated. Fifty-one publications and 3225 case histories met explicit entry criteria for inclusion. Until now no prospective randomized study of this approach to the management of renal carcinoma has been published. In the majority of studies the patients are grouped together irrespective of indication, i.e. pre-operative or palliative. Few articles are prospective or contain clear information regarding tumour stage, indication and adequate follow-up. Although we are not able to distinguish with certainty the effect of embolization on the course of the disease, it seems that complete pre-operative renal artery embolization facilitates the excision of large vein-invading tumours. The optimal delay between embolization and operation is probably one day. The embolization material of choice is ethanol. Palliative embolization in non-operable tumours with serious haemorrhage seems to have been successful in most cases. The scientific basis for the implementation of renal artery embolization in renal cell carcinoma is weak. We believe that either controlled trials or parallel prospective cohort studies should be undertaken to compare treatment of selected locally advanced renal carcinomas with and without embolization.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery of Polyacetylene Film: The Dawning of an Era of Conducting Polymers (Nobel Lecture). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.