gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GYKI 52466 and ischemia-evoked neurotransmitter amino acid release from rat cerebral cortex (1993)

The effects of the benzodiazepine derivative GYKI 52466 on ischemia-evoked neurotransmitter amino acid release were evaluated in a rat four vessel occlusion model with cerebral cortical cups. Following intravenous GYKI 52466 administration (10 mg kg-1 bolus followed by 10 mg kg-1 60 min-1 infusion) glutamate, aspartate and GABA release into cerebral cortical superfusates was enhanced by ischemia to a comparable extent to that observed in control ischemic rats. These results suggest that the protective action of GYKI 52466 against cerebral cortical ischemic injury is unlikely to be due to a selective reduction in extracellular glutamate levels, but is rather, a result of the recognized ability of this compound to block non-NMDA receptors.
HIFU and Chemotherapy Synergistic Inhibitory Effect on Dunning AT2 Tumour-Bearing Rats (2005)

Since there is no 100% satisfactory treatment for localized prostate cancer in patients presenting symptoms representing a poor prognosis (stage T3, high Gleason score, PSA level greater than 15 ng/ml, etc.), this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic inhibition effects of using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in combination with chemotherapy (Taxane + Estramustine). Forty‐one Dunning AT2 tumour‐bearing Copenhagen rats receiving HIFU and/or chemotherapy were divided into four groups: control group; chemotherapy group; HIFU group; and HIFU‐chemotherapy combined group. Increase in the tumour volume was observed over 3 weeks and the tumour volume doubling time was evaluated. Growth curves for each group were then plotted and statistically evaluated. HIFU treatment combined with Taxane + Estramusine was found to have a significant synergistic effect; on day 30, the distribution of tumour volume relative to the treatment group was significantly different (p = 0.0007). The control group volumes were significantly greater than those of the chemotherapy‐only (p = 0.006) or HIFU‐only group (p = 0.006). The greatest difference was observed between the chemotherapy plus HIFU combined group and the control group. Additionally, tumour‐doubling times were 7.7 days for the control group, 13.2 days for the HIFU‐only group, and 31.2 days for the chemotherapy plus HIFU group. The differences in tumour growth rates between the chemotherapy plus HIFU combined group and a chemotherapy‐only + HIFU‐only grouping was 3.8% (p = 0.0020). Thus, the combined chemotherapy plus HIFU treatment was clearly more effective in reducing the tumour size than HIFU only or chemotherapy only, which indicates a synergy between the two types of treatment. Our results suggest that this combined therapy could be useful for the treatment of high‐risk prostate cancer.
Simvastatin suppresses RANTES-mediated neutrophilia in polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid-induced pneumonia (2012)

Recently, statins have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on lung inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms of action of simvastatin in viral pneumonia have yet to be elucidated, although viral infection remains a considerable health threat. In this study, we hypothesised that simvastatin inhibits polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)-induced airway inflammation, such as RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) expression and inflammatory cell recruitment. In bronchial cells, the effect of simvastatin on poly I:C-induced RANTES expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-mediated signal transduction was determined using an ELISA and short hairpin (sh)RNA system. In a poly I:C-induced pneumonia mouse model, immunological changes in the lungs after simvastatin inhalation, such as inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine/chemokine release, were examined. In poly I:C-stimulated bronchial cells, RANTES secretion was increased by STAT3 activation, and simvastatin suppressed poly I:C-induced STAT3 activation, resulting in inhibition of RANTES expression. In BALB/c mice stimulated with inhaled poly I:C, RANTES expression and neutrophil infiltration into the airway were elevated. However, simvastatin treatment attenuated STAT3 activation, RANTES release and subsequent neutrophilia in the lungs. These findings suggest that simvastatin inhibits airway inflammation, but there are other mechanisms that need to be fully elucidated.
Design of a standing-wave multicell radio frequency cavity beam monitor for simultaneous position and emittance measurement (2005)

High precision, nondisruptive emittance measurement through second moment monitoring requires precise beam position at the measurement location. We present the design and analysis of a multicavity standing wave structure for a pulse-to-pulse beam position-emittance measurement system in which the quadrupole and the dipole standing wave modes resonate at harmonics of a presumed beam bunch train frequency. As an application for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) beams, an optimized nine-cavity standing-wave structure is designed for simultaneous high precision beam position and emittance measurement. It operates with the π-phase advance quadrupole mode resonating at the 16th harmonic (11.424 GHz) of the NLC bunch frequency and the 3π∕4-phase advance dipole mode at the 12th harmonic (8.568 GHz). The output powers from these modes are estimated for the NLC beams. Measurement resolution is estimated to be on the micron scale for rms beam size and on the nanometer scale for beam position.
Metabolomic changes in autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease (2010)

These data support further investigation of metabolomics in larger samples of clinical AD as well as in those with preclinical disease for use as biomarkers.
Expansion Cooling in the Matrix Plume is Under-Recognized in MALDI Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra for a peptide (Y(6)) were obtained by utilizing matrix-assisted infrared laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) with glycerol as the matrix and by ultraviolet MALDI with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), sinapinic acid (SA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). Collisional activation during ion extraction and exothermicity in the gas-phase proton transfer were found to be unimportant as the driving forces for in-source (ISD) and post-source (PSD) decays, indicating that the thermal energy acquired during photo-ablation is responsible for their occurrence. The temperatures of [Y(6) + H](+) in the 'early' and 'late' matrix plumes were estimated by the kinetic analysis of the ISD and PSD yields, respectively. The order of the temperatures was glycerol < DHB ≈ SA < CHCA in the early plume and glycerol < DHB < SA < CHCA in the late plume. For each matrix, the temperature in the late plume was lower than in the early plume by 300-400 K, which was attributed to expansion cooling. The model (thermalization followed by expansion cooling) proposed to explain the occurrence of both rapid ISD and slow PSD is not only in sharp contrast with but also mutually exclusive with the prevailing explanation that the exothermicity in proton transfer and in-plume collisional activation are the driving forces for ion fragmentation in MALDI. The model also explains why MALDI is more successful for mass spectrometry of labile molecules than other desorption techniques that do not utilize a matrix. Factors affecting the plume temperature are also discussed.
A systematic approach to in situ bioremediation in groundwater (2003)

Abstract In situ bioremediation (ISB) melds an understanding of microbiology, chemistry, hydrogeology, and engineering into a strategy for planned and controlled microbial degradation of specific contaminants. ISB creates subsurface environmental conditions, typically through reduction oxidation manipulation, which induce the degradation of contaminants via microbial catalyzed biochemical reactions. In turn, the microbes produce enzymes that are utilized to derive energy and that are instrumental in the degradation of target chemicals. To accomplish this chain of events, the type of microorganisms, contaminant, and the geological conditions at the site must be considered. Since in situ conditions are manipulated by engineered means, the most important consideration is the ability to transmit and mix liquids in the subsurface. The Interstate Technology Regulatory Council (ITRC)–ISB Team has recently completed a guidance document that describes a systematic approach to ISB in groundwater. ITRC is a state‐led coalition of more than 40 states working together with industry and stakeholders to achieve regulatory acceptance of environmental technologies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Old Drug with a New Purpose: Cardiovascular Actions of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) (2005)

For over 50 years, acetaminophen (paracetamol) has been a staple in industrialized and non-industrialized countries for the treatment of pain and fever. Although its precise mechanisms of action are not known, the drug generates dose-dependent reduction in circulating prostaglandins, inhibits myeloperoxidase and the oxidation of lipoproteins, and appears to confer cardioprotection by blocking the effects of hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. The drug might inhibit cyclooxygenase, although its ultimate target(s) is (are) still unclear. Sadly, since most investigations of acetaminophen have focused on its analgesic/antipyretic properties and hepatotoxicity, the effects of the drug on other mammalian organ systems, including the heart and circulation, have been ignored. Recently, work in our laboratory has shown acetaminophen to have a protective role in the injured mammalian myocardium. The cardioprotection was first observed in isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hearts pretreated with acetaminophen recovered greater ventricular function and exhibited improved myofibrillar ultrastructure when compared to vehicle-treated hearts. More recent in vitro investigations have suggested protective roles for acetaminophen in barbiturate-induced arrhythmogenesis and myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. We have also extended our work to the in vivo arena. There, we found that acetaminophen reduced infarct size in dogs exposed to 60 minutes regional myocardial ischemia and 180 minutes reperfusion. We invite and encourage readers of this review to repeat/duplicate our experiments. Such work is needed to either challenge or support our findings. Further, more clinically-relevant work depends on these basic and related translational experiments.
Effects of proton pump inhibitor use on the esophageal microbial community (2020)

PPI use does not seem to cause significant changes in the distal esophageal microbial community. Future studies with larger sample sizes and esophageal pH testing should be performed to determine the level of acidity and its relationship to the microbial community.
Direct Functionalization of Polycyclic Aromatics via Radical Perfluoroalkylation (2010)

Direct functionalization of electron-deficient and electron-rich polycyclic aromatics via copper-mediated radical perfluoroalkylation was achieved in high yields.
A Microscale Differential Capacitive Direct Wall-Shear-Stress Sensor (2011)

This paper presents the development of a floating-element-based capacitively sensed direct wall-shear-stress sensor intended for measurements in a turbulent boundary layer. The design principle is presented, followed by details of the fabrication, packaging, and characterization process. The sensor is designed with an asymmetric comb finger structure and metalized electrodes. The fabrication process uses deep reactive ion etching on a silicon-on-insulator wafer, resulting in a simple two-mask fabrication process. The sensor is dynamically characterized with acoustically generated Stokes layer excitation. At a bias voltage of 10 V, the sensor exhibits a linear dynamic sensitivity of 7.66 mV/Pa up to the testing limit of 1.9 Pa, a flat frequency response with resonance at 6.2 kHz, and a pressure rejection of 64 dB. The sensor has a noise floor of 14.9 μPa/√(Hz) at 1 kHz and a dynamic range >;102 dB. The sensor outperforms previous sensors by nearly two orders of magnitude in noise floor and an order of magnitude in dynamic range.
Relationship between Body Core and Peripheral Temperatures at the Onset of Thermoregulatory Responses in Rats. (1993)

The relationships between body core temperature and environmental temperature (T(a)) at the onset of tail skin vasodilation, thermally-induced salivary secretion and cold-induced thermogenesis were examined in rats. Hypothalamic temperature (Thy) was measured as an index of body core temperature. Internal body heating and cooling were made using an intravenous thermode chronically implanted in the inferior vena cava at various T(a)s. External heating and cooling were made by changing T(a) at a constant rate, while Thy was controlled at constant levels with the thermode. Internal heating induced tail skin vasodilation but not thermally-induced salivary secretion, and internal cooling induced cold-induced thermogenesis. External warming caused tail skin vasodilation and thermally-induced salivary secretion, but external cooling failed to induce cold-induced thermogenesis. There were significant correlations between Thy and T(a) at the onset of tail skin vasodilation, thermally-induced salivary secretion and cold-induced thermogenesis. When T(a) was taken as an indicator of thermal input from the skin, the ratios of the potency of inputs from the body core and skin were estimated to be between 8:1 and 6:1 at the onset of tail skin vasodilation, 8:1 at the onset of thermally-induced salivary secretion, and 5:1 for the control of cold-induced thermogenesis. These results suggest that, in rats, the contribution of thermal input from the skin to the onset of thermoregulatory responses is relatively small.
Receptors involved in nerve‐mediated vasoconstriction in small arteries of the rat hepatic mesentery (1998)

1. We have investigated the neurotransmitters and receptor subtypes involved in nerve-mediated vasoconstriction in small arteries of the rat hepatic mesentery. 2. A dense sympathetic innervation was demonstrated using catecholamine histochemistry and antibodies against the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin. 3. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated very strong expression of the alpha1A-adrenergic, neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1, P2X1- and P2X4-purinergic receptors, moderate expression of the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor and the purinergic P2X5- and P2X7-receptors and weak expression of the alpha1B-, alpha1D-, alpha2A- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors and the P2X2- and P2X3-purinergic receptors. NPY2 and P2X6 receptor expression was absent. 4. Electrical field stimulation (10 Hz, 10 s) produced contractions which were abolished by tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) and/or guanethidine (GE, 5 x 10(-6) M) and a combination of benextramine (10(-5) M) and alpha,beta-methylene ATP, (alpha,beta-mATP, 3 x 10(-6) M) or PPADS (10(-5) M). Selective alpah1-adrenergic receptor antagonists showed the potency order of prazosin > WB-4101 > 5-methyl-urapidil > BMY 7378. Yohimbine (10(-8) M, 10(-7) M), alpha,beta-mATP (3 x 10(-6) M) and PPADS (10(-5) M) each enhanced the response to nerve stimulation. 5. Some experiments demonstrated a slow neurogenic contraction which was abolished by GE or the selective NPY1 receptor antagonist 1229U91 (6 x 10(-7) M). 6. We conclude that nerve-mediated vasoconstriction results from the activation of postsynaptic alpha,beta-adrenergic and P2X-purinergic receptors and under some conditions, NPY1 receptors. Neurotransmitter release is modulated by presynaptic alpha2-adrenergic receptors and possibly also P2X-purinoceptors. The major postsynaptic subtypes involved were well predicted by mRNA expression as measured by RT-PCR, suggesting that this technique may be a useful adjunct to studies aimed at identifying functional receptor subtypes.
Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors (1993)

Bradley R. Braden and Stephanie L. Hyland are economists in the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics. At and tween first private glance, State industry and compensation local appear governments vastly costs difbetween State and local governments and private industry ppear va tly different. In March 1992, employer costs for employee compensation (wages paid plus employer-provided benefits) averaged $23.49 per hour worked in State and local governments and $16.14 in private industry -a difference of almost 50 percent. (See table 1.) Such a comparison can be quite misleading, however, as was noted when these data were first released
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Disease-Specific Autoantibody Profiles in Human Sera (2011)

After decades of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, the development of a definitive diagnostic test for this disease has remained elusive. The discovery of blood-borne biomarkers yielding an accurate and relatively non-invasive test has been a primary goal. Using human protein microarrays to characterize the differential expression of serum autoantibodies in AD and non-demented control (NDC) groups, we identified potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD. The differential significance of each biomarker was evaluated, resulting in the selection of only 10 autoantibody biomarkers that can effectively differentiate AD sera from NDC sera with a sensitivity of 96.0% and specificity of 92.5%. AD sera were also distinguishable from sera obtained from patients with Parkinson's disease and breast cancer with accuracies of 86% and 92%, respectively. Results demonstrate that serum autoantibodies can be used effectively as highly-specific and accurate biomarkers to diagnose AD throughout the course of the disease.
Stable AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with tungsten nitride gate metallisation (2009)

An AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with tungsten nitride (WNx) Schottky gate fabricated on a sapphire substrate is presented. Gate forward current stress was chosen to evaluate the stability of the Schottky gate. After stress, this WNx HEMT remains stable, while the conventional Ni/Au HEMT shows performance degradation and failure. The maximum output power density from this device is 5 W/mm at 2 GHz. A combination of these findings indicates the robust performance of this WNx material and its potential as a Schottky gate for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
Vitamin‐D<sub>3</sub> derivatives and breast‐tumor cell growth: Effect on intracellular calcium and apoptosis (1995)

Abstract Vitamin‐D 3 derivatives are now well‐recognized growth inhibitors of numerous tumoral cells and in particular breast‐cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which they operate are not well established. Among the wide range of physiological and biological functions of vitamin‐D 3 derivatives, the best described include their action on calcium homeostasis. In this study, we sought to establish whether the effects of vitamin‐D 3 derivatives on breast‐cancer cell growth may be in part related to intracellular calcium modulation and induction of apoptosis. To address these questions, we used, in addition to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , the active metabolite of vitamin D 3 , a non‐calcemic 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 derivative: Ro 23‐7553 [16‐ene‐23‐yne‐1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], which in our hands was more potent than the parent compound in inhibiting breast‐cancer cell growth. We showed that the efficiency of both compounds in growth inhibition was higher in the estradiol‐receptor‐positive‐breast‐tumor MCF‐7 cells than in the estradiol‐receptor‐negative MDA‐MB 231 cells. In MCF‐7 cells in particular, important modifications of intracellular calcium related to the emptying of intracellular pools were observed. The depletion of Ca ++ from intracellular stores was followed by the induction of apoptosis. Such a phenomenon was never observed in MDA‐MB 231 cells. Our results suggest that the action of vitamin‐D 3 derivatives on the depletion of calcium stores, which was more significant in MCF‐7 than in MDA‐MB 231 cells, may induce apoptosis in the former cells and account for the high efficiency of vitamin‐D 3 derivatives on growth inhibition of MCF‐7 breast‐tumor cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc .
THE P-V-T-X RELATION FOR THE CARBON DIOXIDE-ARGON SYSTEM (1971)

The P-V-T-X relation for the carbon dioxide-argon system was measured at 15°C and up to 150 atm by using a glass capillary cell. From the data obtained, fugacities, partial molar volumes and compressibility factor charts were constructed. It was found again for the present system that there is a straight-line relationship between pressure and average density of coexisting liquid and vapor.
Predictive value of homocysteine for depression after acute coronary syndrome (2016)

We investigated roles of plasma homocysteine and MTHFR gene in relation to risks and treatment responses of depression in ACS. A sample of 969 patients with recent ACS were recruited and 711 followed 1 year later. In addition, of 378 baseline participants with depressive disorder, 255 were randomized to a 24-week double blind trial of escitalopram (N = 127) or placebo (N = 128). A higher homocysteine concentration was independently associated with prevalent depressive disorder at baseline irrespective of MTHFR genotype; and with both incident and persistent depressive disorder at follow-up only in the presence of TT genotype. MTHFR genotype was not itself associated with depressive disorder after ACS. No associations were found with 24-week antidepressant treatment responses. Plasma homocysteine could be a biomarker for depressive disorder particularly in the acute phase of ACS. Focused interventions for those with higher homocysteine level and MTHFR TT genotype might reduce the risk of later depressive disorder.
Molecular Cloning and Partial Characterization of Rat Procarboxypeptidase R and Carboxypeptidase N (2000)

Carboxypeptidase R (EC 3.4.17.20) (CPR) and carboxypeptidase N (EC 3.4.17.3) (CPN) cleave carboxy-terminal arginine or lysine residues from biologically active peptides such as kinins or anaphylatoxins in the circulation thereby regulating their activities. Although CPN is present in a stable active form in plasma, CPR is generated from proCPR, a plasma zymogen, by proteolytic enzymes such as thrombin, thrombin-thrombomodulin complex and plasmin. We have isolated rat proCPR and CPN cDNA clones which can induce enzymatic activities in culture supernatants of the transfected cells. mRNA of proCPR was detected only in rat liver by Northern hybridization and showed hepatocyte-specific expression. Expression of proCPR mRNA was enhanced following LPS injection, indicating that proCPR production is increased under inflammatory conditions.