gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive GAA·TTC Repeat Expansion in Human Cell Lines (2009)

Trinucleotide repeat expansion is the genetic basis for a sizeable group of inherited neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by GAA.TTC repeat expansion in the first intron of the FXN gene. The expanded repeat reduces FXN mRNA expression and the length of the repeat tract is proportional to disease severity. Somatic expansion of the GAA.TTC repeat sequence in disease-relevant tissues is thought to contribute to the progression of disease severity during patient aging. Previous models of GAA.TTC instability have not been able to produce substantial levels of expansion within an experimentally useful time frame, which has limited our understanding of the molecular basis for this expansion. Here, we present a novel model for studying GAA.TTC expansion in human cells. In our model system, uninterrupted GAA.TTC repeat sequences display high levels of genomic instability, with an overall tendency towards progressive expansion. Using this model, we characterize the relationship between repeat length and expansion. We identify the interval between 88 and 176 repeats as being an important length threshold where expansion rates dramatically increase. We show that expansion levels are affected by both the purity and orientation of the repeat tract within the genomic context. We further demonstrate that GAA.TTC expansion in our model is independent of cell division. Using unique reporter constructs, we identify transcription through the repeat tract as a major contributor to GAA.TTC expansion. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms responsible for GAA.TTC expansion in human cells.
Ab initio theory and calculations of X-ray spectra (2008)

There has been dramatic progress in recent years both in the calculation and interpretation of various x-ray spectroscopies. However, current theoretical calculations often use a number of simplified models to account for many-body effects, in lieu of first principles calculations. In an effort to overcome these limitations we describe in this article a number of recent advances in theory and in theoretical codes which offer the prospect of parameter free calculations that include the dominant many-body effects. These advances are based on ab initio calculations of the dielectric and vibrational response of a system. Calculations of the dielectric function over a broad spectrum yield system dependent self-energies and mean-free paths, as well as intrinsic losses due to multi-electron excitations. Calculations of the dynamical matrix yield vibrational damping in terms of multiple-scattering Debye–Waller factors. Our ab initio methods for determining these many-body effects have led to new, improved, and broadly applicable x-ray and electron spectroscopy codes.
Prediction of wafer state after plasma processing using real-time tool data (1995)

Empirical models based on real-time equipment signals are used to predict the outcome (e.g., etch rates and uniformity) of each wafer during and after plasma processing. Three regression and one neural network modeling methods were investigated. The models are verified on data collected several weeks after the initial experiment, demonstrating that the models built with real-time data survive small changes in the machine due to normal operation and maintenance. The predictive capability can be used to assess the quality of the wafers after processing, thereby ensuring that only wafers worth processing continue down the fabrication line. Future applications include real-time evaluation of wafer features and economical run-to-run control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Alkylation of Tertiary Esters of Dialkylacetic Acids by Means of Alkali Amides. Synthesis of Trialkylacetic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Alkylation of Tertiary Esters of Dialkylacetic Acids by Means of Alkali Amides. Synthesis of Trialkylacetic Acids1Charles R. Hauser and William J. ChambersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 15, 3837–3841Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01596a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01596a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stable derivatives of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridines (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable derivatives of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridinesWilliam Pendergast and William R. HallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 3, 388–390Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00203a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00203a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fibrinogen lysine residue A alpha 157 plays a crucial role in the fibrin-induced acceleration of plasminogen activation, catalyzed by tissue-type plasminogen activator. (1987)

In previous studies, we have shown that the stretch 148-197 of the fibrinogen A alpha chain plays a crucial role in the acceleration of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-catalyzed plasminogen activation. In this study we have synthesized parts of A alpha 148-197 and analogues thereof. We found that the peptides with sequences identical with A alpha 148-161 and A alpha 149-161 of human fibrinogen accelerate the plasminogen activation by t-PA, whereas the corresponding peptides in which lysine residues A alpha 157 had been replaced by valine or arginine had no accelerating capacity. Furthermore, succinylation of the lysine residue(s) in the synthesized peptides A alpha 148-161 and A alpha 149-161 leads to loss of accelerating action. These findings show that lysine residue A alpha 157 is crucial for the accelerating action of fibrin on the t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation.
Cloning and Expression of a cDNA Encoding Human Placental Protein 11, a Putative Serine Protease with Diagnostic Significance as a Tumor Marker (1990)

The placental protein 11 (PP11) can act as a tumor marker because of its specific association with various forms of cancer. A lambda gt11 cDNA library prepared from human placenta was screened with a polyclonal anti-PP11 antiserum. Out of 10(6) independent clones, only one clone reacted with the anti-PP11 antiserum. The isolated cDNA coded only for the carboxy-terminal part of PP11 and was subsequently used to rescreen a lambda gt10 placental cDNA library. Two cDNA clones out of 10(6) screened were identified encoding the entire protein of 369 amino acids, including a typical hydrophobic signal sequence of 18 amino acids. Expression of the PP11 cDNA coding sequence in Escherichia coli resulted in the synthesis of a protein with the expected size which can be specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-PP11 antiserum. Fractionation experiments revealed that two forms of the protein are present in the bacterial cell: a higher-molecular-weight form of approximately 42 kD in the cytoplasm and a smaller-molecular-weight form of approximately 42 kD in the periplasm. This result indicates that PP11 can be synthesized in E. coli and is process by removal of the hydrophobic signal sequence. Both the placental and the processed recombinant PP11 protein exhibit a protease activity.
Thermoplastic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals prepared from solvent‐induced phase separation with predictions using solubility parameters (2007)

The optical effects of liquid crystals can be realized when the mesogens are dispersed in a supporting and stabilizing polymer phase. Thermoplastics were chosen for their structural reversibility and ease of fabrication of polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) from solution via solvent‐induced phase separation (SIPS). The component match and tuning in PDLCs was achieved in a common solvent through predictions of solubility parameters. The PDLCs were first prepared using SIPS and were then exposed to thermal treatments on a hot stage polarizing microscope or in a differential scanning calorimeter. At elevated temperatures the polymer and mesogen may become miscible, while upon cooling thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) should occur, preferably above the isotropic–nematic transition temperature. The nematic phase existed within disperse phase droplets that were stabilized and supported by the matrix polymer. The temperature range of the nematic phase was extended in the PDLC configuration. The droplet size was important for liquid crystalline optical behaviour. Polymer–mesogen interactions, identified through solubility parameters, were important in ensuring sufficient but not coarse phase separation.
Synthesis and characterization of polyesters derived from glycerol and phthalic acid (2007)

The production of polyester via polycondensation between glycerol and phthalic acid using dibutyltin dilaurate is reported. Three glycerol:phthalic acid molar ratio used for the bulk polymerization were: 2:2; 2:3 and 2:4. FTIR confirmed the esterification of glycerol by the acid for all the polymers. DSC indicated no crystallinity, although the XRD plots indicate a very incipient crystallinity for the polymers containing higher amounts of phthalic anhydride. Scanning electron microscopy results indicates high homogeneity for all the polymers prepared.
LyraNET: A Zero-Copy TCP/IP Protocol Stack for Embedded Operating Systems (2006)

Embedded systems are usually resource limited in terms of processing power, memory, and power consumption, thus embedded TCP/IP should be designed to make the best use of limited resources. Applying zero-copy mechanism can reduce memory usage and CPU processing time for data transmission. Power consumption can be reduced as well. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of zero-copy mechanism in the target embedded TCP/IP component, LyraNET, which is derived from Linux TCP/IP codes and remodeled as a reusable software component that is independent from operating systems and hardware. Performance evaluation shows that TCP/IP protocol processing overhead can be significantly decreased by 23-56.22%. Besides, object code size of this network component is only 78% of the size of the original Linux TCP/IP stack. The experience of this study can serve as the reference for embedding Linux TCP/IP stack into a target system and improving the transmission efficiency of Linux TCP/IP by zero-copy implementation.
Evolution of Composite Floor Systems in the United States (2001)

Composite floor systems, which combine structural steel beams with a cast-in-place concrete slab, have grown in popularity in the U.S. during the past 40 years. In most early applications, removable wood forms were suspended from the floor beams. Shear connectors we re shop welded to the top flange of the beams, and a solid reinforced concrete slab was cast. Floor beams were typically spaced at 2 to 2.5 m on centers, and maximum beam spans were on the order of 8 m. Temporary shores were often used to limit the stresses and deflections under the weight of fresh concrete, Members were designed to achieve full composite action between the steel section and concrete slab using an Allowable Stress Design (ASD) procedure. The economical choice for structural steel in the 1960s had a yield strength of 225 MPa. Many changes have occurred over the years that affect the design and construction of composite floors. A consequence of these changes is that steel sections are significantly thinner and more flexible than those selected 40 years ago, which can make construction more challenging. In particular, problems sometimes occur with the installation of headed studs, with sagging or twisting of members, and with shear connectors and rebars protruding from the finished slab. Difficulties achieving a level floor finish are cited frequently as causing conflicts among designers, builders, and owners. A survey by the ASCE Committee on Composite Construction during 1997 indicated that construction-related problems in composite floors are widespread and costly. The Committee believes, however, that these problems can be prevented by adherence to current specifications and through better communication between designers and builders. As a result of this survey, the Committee prepared a state-of-practice report on construction considerations for composite floors (at the time of this writing, the report has been approved by the ASCE Committee on Composite Construction, and is awaiting final approval for publication in the ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering). The report provides an overview of current U.S. construction practices, summarizes appropriate literature, and provides guidance to help prevent construction problems in floor systems.
Experimental Hypercholesterolemia in Rabbits Induces Cavernosal Atherosclerosis with Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction (1994)

Hypercholesterolemia and other vascular risk factors for atherosclerosis are commonly associated with impotence. To characterize cavernosal smooth muscle reactivity in hypercholesterolemia, we performed isometric tension studies (with norepinephrine, acetylcholine, papaverine and electrical field stimulation) on isolated strips of corpus cavernosum from rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol diet. To assess the impact of cholesterol reduction, a group of rabbits was fed a cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and was then returned to a normal diet for 4 weeks before testing. Potential structure-function relationships were delineated by ultrastructural evaluation with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All forms of cavernosal relaxation, including papaverine relaxation, were impaired with hypercholesterolemia, and norepinephrine contraction was augmented. In addition, ultrastructural evidence of an early atherosclerotic process in the cavernosal sinusoids was detected. Importantly, reduction of elevated serum cholesterol normalized cavernosal relaxation, including that of papaverine, and decreased the sensitivity to norepinephrine, thereby suggesting that cavernosal smooth muscle dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is reversible.
Development of a digital-micromirror-device-based multishot snapshot spectral imaging system (2011)

We report on the development of a digital-micromirror-device (DMD)-based multishot snapshot spectral imaging (DMD-SSI) system as an alternative to current piezostage-based multishot coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) systems. In this system, a DMD is used to implement compressive sensing (CS) measurement patterns for reconstructing the spatial/spectral information of an imaging scene. Based on the CS measurement results, we demonstrated the concurrent reconstruction of 24 spectral images. The DMD-SSI system is versatile in nature as it can be used to implement independent CS measurement patterns in addition to spatially shifted patterns that piezostage-based systems can offer.
Synthesis and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles produced by chemical reduction method. (2010)

The silver nanoparticles were spherical with particle size between 10 to 250 nm. Analysis of the theoretical (Mie light scattering theory) and experimental results showed that the silver NPs in colloidal solution had a diameter of approximately 50 nm. Both colloidal silver NPs showed high anti-bacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Glucose nanosilver colloids showed a shorter killing time against most of the tested bacteria which could be due to their nanostructures and uniform size distribution patterns.
REVIEWS (1987)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Logic of God Incarnate. By THOMAS V. MORRIS. Pp. 220. Cornell University Press, 1986. $19.95. M. F. WILES M. F. WILES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 38, Issue 1, April 1987, Page 272, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/38.1.272 Published: 01 April 1987
Interface resistance between polymer based conducting and resistive layers (2009)

We have studied the interface resistance between the polymer based conducting and resistive thick film layers. The samples were made using different resistive pastes and dipping silvers. The composite of carbon and graphite (C/Gr) conducting particles suspended in different polymer vehicles were used for the thick film resistive layers preparation. Interface resistance R I created between the contact layer made from dipping silver (DiAg) and resistive layer was determined from the surface potential distribution measurements and its value was less than 1% of total sample resistance. Measuring apparatus DISPOT® designed in our laboratory provides the measuring of a surface potential distribution. The measuring probe is sliding on the surface of measured structure and potential change between the successive steps is normalized by the total current flowing through the structure. Elementary step (the shortest distance between two measurements) is 1.25 μm. The equipment is arranged for current and voltage four-point measurement. Jump in potential on the interface between DiAg and C/Gr layer corresponds to the contact resistance R I which is created between these layers. Interface resistance plays important role in the capacitors technology thus the analysis of the charge carrier transport through the interface between different layers can be used to improve the low ESR capacitors technology.
Intrusive memories and rumination in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A phenomenological comparison (2007)

The aim of the study was to investigate the phenomenological differences between intrusive memories and rumination in PTSD. The study population consisted of 31 patients with PTSD referred for cognitive behavioural therapy to specialist services. A semi-structured interview was used to examine the characteristics of the most prominent intrusive memory and rumination. Intrusive memories were predominantly sensory experiences of short duration, whereas rumination was predominantly a thought process of longer duration. Shame was associated more with rumination than with intrusive memories. Anxiety, helplessness, numbness, and threat were greater at the time of the trauma than when experiencing the intrusive memory. In contrast, feelings like anger and sadness were greater when experiencing intrusive memories than at the time of the event. The distinction between intrusive memories and rumination is of clinical importance as intrusive memories usually decrease with imaginal reliving of the trauma, whereas rumination may require different therapeutic strategies, such as rumination-focused or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
An examination of social tagging interface features and functionalities (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a comparative and analytical examination of ten social tagging systems' interfaces and their features and functionalities. The specific objective of the study was to examine the ways in which the user interfaces of social tagging systems encourage and provide users with features to assign, explore, browse and make use of tags during their interaction with social tagging sites. Design/methodology/approach The user interface features and functionalities of ten social tagging sites (six social bookmarking and four social media sharing sites) are examined. A categorisation of tag‐related features is developed for analysis. The sites are selected based on such criteria as popularity, variety of site type, and inclusion of tagging features and content type. Findings The findings of this study show that there is an emerging interface design paradigm with respect to social tagging sites that reflects a particular focus on exploratory search and browsing features and services. Some of the key areas discussed are: user tagging features; exploratory and tag browsing features; and interface layout. Practical implications The findings of this study of the user interface features of social tagging sites provide a comprehensive picture of the possible and potential features that can be incorporated into new social tagging systems. Based on the evidence found in the examined social tagging interfaces, recommendations are made on the design of tag posting, tag use, tag browsing, tag lists and tag clouds. The design recommendations offer ideas for the development of more sophisticated exploratory and interactive user interfaces for social tagging systems. Originality/value This is the first paper that reports on a comparative and exploratory examination of social tagging user interface features and functionalities.
Characteristics of a semiconductor laser with external feedback (1994)

The theoretical analysis of the compound cavity of a semiconductor laser with external optical feedback is conducted. For large optical feedback, the output power from the laser and its oscillation frequency differ from those for small optical feedback. From the rate equations of the compound cavity, the conditions of the laser oscillation are derived in the presence of large optical feedback The dependencies of the output power and the laser oscillation frequency on the external-cavity length are investigated. Some new results involving laser oscillation depending on the external-cavity length are presented. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. The dependence of the laser oscillation on the external-cavity length is qualitatively explained in the present model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>