gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐Temperature Strength and Cavitation Threshold of Silicon Nitride–Silica Ceramics (1992)

The role of high‐purity silica in the fracture of Si 3 N 4 at high temperatures has been investigated. The flexural strength at 1400°C was found to be greater than that at room temperature. Little plastic deformation was observed even when 10 wt% SiO 2 was added and the strain rate was decreased 2 orders of magnitude from that for a standard bend test. Microstructural observations revealed that the glassy phase was localized at intergranular pockets when SiO 2 additions were ≤ 10 wt%. High strength at 1400°C despite the presence of a fairly large amount of glassy phase is attributed to a high cavitation threshold in such glassy pockets consisting of high‐purity SiO 2 . However, the deformation behavior changed abruptly for SiO 2 additions of 10 and 20 wt%, which is explained by the morphological change of the glassy phase to thicker intergranular layers which allow macroscopic viscous flow.
A DLL-based frequency multiplier for MBOA-UWB system (2005)

A delay-locked loop (DLL)-based frequency multiplier is designed for the ultrawideband (UWB) mode-1 system. This clock generator with 528-MHz input reference frequency can achieve less than 9.5-ns settling time by utilizing wide loop bandwidth and fast-settling architecture. The UWB clock generator has been fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process and consumes only 54 mW from a 1.8-V supply while exhibiting a sideband magnitude of -35.3 dB and -94 dBc/Hz phase noise at the frequency offset of 50 kHz.
Amide-Type Local Anesthetics and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Clinical Implications for Stem Cell Therapy (2014)

In the realm of regenerative medicine, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are gaining attention as a cell source for the repair and regeneration of tissues spanning an array of medical disciplines. In orthopedics, hMSCs are often delivered in a site-specific manner at the area of interest and may require the concurrent application of local anesthetics (LAs). To address the implications of using hMSCs in combination with anesthetics for intra-articular applications, we investigated the effect that clinically relevant doses of amide-type LAs have on the viability of bone marrow-derived hMSCs and began to characterize the mechanism of LA-induced hMSC death. In our study, culture-expanded hMSCs from three donors were exposed to the amide-type LAs ropivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine. To replicate the physiological dilution of LAs once injected into the synovial capsule, each anesthetic was reduced to 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the stock solution and incubated with each hMSC line for 40 minutes, 120 minutes, 360 minutes, and 24 hours. At each time point, cell viability assays were performed. We found that extended treatment with LAs for 24 hours had a significant impact on both hMSC viability and adhesion. In addition, hMSC treatment with three of the four anesthetics resulted in cell death via apoptosis following brief exposures. Ultimately, we concluded that amide-type LAs induce hMSC apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner that may threaten clinical outcomes, following a similar trend that has been established between these particular anesthetics and articular chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo.
Precision-guided antimicrobial peptide as a targeted modulator of human microbial ecology (2015)

One major challenge to studying human microbiome and its associated diseases is the lack of effective tools to achieve targeted modulation of individual species and study its ecological function within multispecies communities. Here, we show that C16G2, a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide, was able to selectively kill cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans with high efficacy within a human saliva-derived in vitro oral multispecies community. Importantly, a significant shift in the overall microbial structure of the C16G2-treated community was revealed after a 24-h recovery period: several bacterial species with metabolic dependency or physical interactions with S. mutans suffered drastic reduction in their abundance, whereas S. mutans' natural competitors, including health-associated Streptococci, became dominant. This study demonstrates the use of targeted antimicrobials to modulate the microbiome structure allowing insights into the key community role of specific bacterial species and also indicates the therapeutic potential of C16G2 to achieve a healthy oral microbiome.
Halogen‐Bond Effects on the Thermo‐ and Photochromic Behaviour of Anil‐Based Molecular Co‐crystals (2017)

N-Salicilideneanilines are among the most studied thermo- and photochromic systems in the solid state. Although thermochromism is a general property of crystalline N-salicilideneanilines, photochromism is known in a limited number of cases. As a method for the construction of thermo- and photo-responsive molecular architectures, the co-crystallisation of 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-diiodobenzene (I2F4) with three selected imines of o-vanillin, named 1, 2 and 3, obtained through a condensation reaction with 3-aminopyridine, 4-bromoaniline and 4-iodoaniline, respectively, is reported herein. All crystals and co-crystals have been characterised by means of solid-state complementary techniques (X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, absorption and emission spectroscopy). The role of halogen bonding and crystal packing in the optical and chromic properties of all solid materials is discussed. All solids exhibit thermochromic behaviour, and three of them (2, 2<sub>2</sub> ⋅I2F4 and 3<sub>2</sub> ⋅I2F4) are also photochromic. Imine derivative 3 crystallises in two different polymorphic forms (3 A and 3 B) and a solvate (3<sub>Solv</sub> ). The bromo and iodo derivatives, 2 and 3 B, are isomorphous and form isomorphous co-crystals with I2F4, but behave differently when exposed to UV light because only crystalline 2 is photochromic. Interestingly, the replacement of bromine with iodine seems to turn off the photochromism because crystalline 3 A and 3<sub>Solv</sub> , and even the 2<sub>0.7</sub> 3<sub>0.3</sub> solid solution, do not manifest photochromic behaviour.
Processing of transgenic corn seed and its effect on the recovery of recombinant β-glucuronidase (1998)

The tools of plant biotechnology that have been developed to improve agronomic traits are now being applied to generate recombinant protein products for the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industry. This study addresses several processing and protein recovery issues that are relevant to utilizing transgenic corn as a protein production system. The gus gene coding for beta-glucuronidase (rGUS) was stably integrated and expressed over four generations. The accumulation level of rGUS reached 0.4% of total extractable protein. Within the kernel, rGUS was preferentially accumulated in the germ even though a constitutive ubiquitin promoter was used to direct gus expression. Fourth-generation transgenic seed was used to investigate the effect of seed processing on the activity and the recovery of rGUS. Transgenic seed containing rGUS could be stored at an ambient temperature for up to two weeks and for at least three months at 10 degrees C without a significant loss of enzyme activity. rGUS exposed to dry heat was more stable in ground than in whole kernels. The enzyme stability was correlated with the moisture loss of the samples during the heating. Transgenic seed was dry-milled, fractionated, and hexane extracted to produce full-fat and defatted germ fractions. The results of the aqueous extraction of rGUS from ground kernels, full-fat germ, and defatted-germ samples revealed that approximately 10 times more rGUS per gram of solids could be extracted from the ground full-fat germ and defatted-germ than from the kernel samples. The extraction of corn oil from ground germ with hot hexane (60 degrees C) did not affect the extractable rGUS activity. rGUS was purified from ground kernels and full-fat germ extracts by ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size exclusion chromatography. Similar purity and yield of rGUS were obtained from both extracts. Biochemical properties of rGUS purified from transgenic corn seed were similar to those of E. coli GUS.
Identification of glucoside and carboxyl‐linked glucuronide conjugates of mycophenolic acid in plasma of transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (1999)

1. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), is primarily metabolized in the liver to 7-O-MPA-beta-glucuronide (MPAG). Using RP-h.p.l.c. we observed three further MPA metabolites, M-1, M-2, M-3, in plasma of transplant recipients on MMF therapy. To obtain information on the structure and source of these metabolites: (A) h.p.l.c. fractions containing either metabolite or MPA were collected and analysed by tandem mass spectrometry; (B) the metabolism of MPA was studied in human liver microsomes in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-glucose or NADPH; (C) hydrolysis of metabolites was investigated using beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase or NaOH; (D) cross-reactivity of each metabolite was tested in an immunoassay for MPA (EMIT). 2. Mass spectrometry of M-1, M-2, MPA and MPAG in the negative ion mode revealed molecular ions of m/z 481, m/z 495, m/z 319 and m/z 495 respectively. 3. Incubation of microsomes with MPA and UDP-glucose produced M-1, with MPA and UDP-glucuronic acid MPAG and M-2 were formed, while with MPA and NADPH, M-3 was observed. 4. Beta-Glucosidase hydrolysed M-1 completely. Beta-Glucuronidase treatment led to a complete disappearance of MPAG whereas the amount of M-2 was reduced by approximately 30%. Only M-2 was labile to alkaline treatment. 5. M-2 and MPA but not M-1 and MPAG cross-reacted in the EMIT assay. 6. These results suggest that: (i) M-1 is the 7-OH glucose conjugate of MPA; (ii) M-2 is the acyl glucuronide conjugate of MPA; (iii) M-3 is derived from the hepatic CYP450 system.
Adiabatic expansion of a strongly correlated pure electron plasma (1986)

Adiabatic expansion is proposed as a method of increasing the degree of correlation of a magnetically confined pure electron plasma. Quantum mechanical effects and correlation effects make the physics of the expansion quite different from that for a classical ideal gas. The proposed expansion may be useful in a current experimental effort to cool a pure electron plasma to the liquid and solid (crystalline) states.
Facsimile Signal Decoding Which Localizes the Effect of Run-Length Code Errors (1977)

A new run-length decoding method for facsimile signal transmission is described. In this method, if an error code is detected in a received signal, the effect is localized in the runs corresponding to the error instead of the whole line to obtain better picture quality. The error immunity in this method can be used to shorten the transmission time.
Monitoring self-assembly processes by characterizing optical properties of gold nanoparticles (2005)

In this paper, we evaluate the self-assembly status and optical properties of gold nanoparticles by ellipsometry. The density of gold particles was increased with increasing the self-assembly duration. We also found the 10 nm-diameter gold particles were uniformly spread on the substrate. Results implied that we can monitor the self-assembly processes by measuring the ellipsometric parameters. Detailed analysis and results are reported in the conference.
Immunochemical studies of extracellular glycoproteins (X-GPs) of goldfish brain (1992)

Exoglycoproteins (X-GPs) are a family of soluble glycoproteins which are the most prominent constituent of the extracellular compartment of goldfish brain. On conventional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels they typically display two primary molecular weight forms, averaging about 33 and 38 kDa, each appearing as a row of five to seven individual spots. When X-GP antibodies were applied by Western blotting, gels of goldfish brain extract prepared without a reducing agent showed, in addition to the primary molecular weight groups, at least one row of spots of slightly lower molecular weight and a major array of spots in the range of 45-60 kDa. The latter presumably represent dimers of the primary X-GP forms since they gave rise to the primary forms upon treatment with a reducing agent. However, on gradient gels prepared without detergents or reducing agents, X-GPs identified by immunostaining appeared only at 200 kDa and above, indicating that these proteins naturally occur in the form of large particles. Deglycosylation of the brain extract by N-glycosidase F reduced the molecular weight of each primary X-GP form by about 5 kDa, but did not abolish the microheterogeneity, which is at least partly due to minor differences in primary structure among the proteins in individual spots. Both rows of spots in the deglycosylated sample showed a coordinated shift toward the basic side of the gel, and a prominent new spot appeared on the basic end of the lower molecular weight group, which probably represents the fully deglycosylated form of the most abundant X-GP isoform.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[From single disseminated tumor cells to metastasis insights from molecular genetic analyses of single cells]. (2003)

The prevailing models of cancer metastasis postulate that, after a series of accumulating genetic and epigenetic changes during transformation and invasive growth, the most advanced clone within a primary tumour acquires the critical cellular phenotype enabling dissemination and metastasis. This postulate is particularly based on observations that metastases usually display more genetic changes than the primary tumour. The development of several novel techniques is now enabling experimental testing of the model: The detection of single disseminated cancer cells by epithelial specific antibodies directed against cytokeratin in mesenchymal tissues has become possible even before manifestation of metastasis. After their isolation by micromanipulation comprehensive amplification of the single cell genomes allows the application of several molecular genetic methods for further characterisation. Our first data from single cytokeratin-positive cells that were isolated from the bone marrow of breast cancer patients indicate that the model of cancer progression should be revised. Cancer cells already disseminate in an early stage of genomic development and still have to acquire the critical chromosomal aberrations needed for metastatic outgrowth and full malignant potential. These observations apparently imply consequences for the development of novel adjuvant therapies. The early diversification of primary tumours and disseminated cancer cells precludes a simple extrapolation from local to systemic disease eventually necessitating increasing efforts for the direct analysis of single disseminated cancer cells as the cellular targets of adjuvant therapies.
Ionic Liquids Made with Dimethyl Carbonate: Solvents as well as Boosted Basic Catalysts for the Michael Reaction (2009)

This article describes 1) a methodology for the green synthesis of a class of methylammonium and methylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), 2) how to tune their acid-base properties by anion exchange, 3) complete neat-phase NMR spectroscopic characterisation of these materials and 4) their application as active organocatalysts for base-promoted carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Methylation of tertiary amines or phosphines with dimethyl carbonate leads to the formation of the halogen-free methyl-onium methyl carbonate salts, and these can be easily anion-exchanged to yield a range of derivatives with different melting points, solubility, acid-base properties, stability and viscosity. Treatment with water, in particular, yields bicarbonate-exchanged liquid onium salts. These proved strongly basic, enough to efficiently catalyse the Michael reaction; experiments suggest that in these systems the bicarbonate basicity is boosted by two orders of magnitude with respect to inorganic bicarbonate salts. These basic ionic liquids used in catalytic amounts are better even than traditional strong organic bases. The present work also introduces neat NMR spectroscopy of the ionic liquids as a probe for solute-solvent interactions as well as a tool for characterisation. Our studies show that high catalytic efficacy of functional ionic liquids can be achieved by integrating their green synthesis, along with a fine-tuning of their structure. Demonstrating that ionic liquid solvents can be made by a truly green procedure, and that their properties and reactivity can be tailored to the point of bridging the gap between their use as solvents and as catalysts.
Epitope tagging of yeast genes using a PCR-based strategy: more tags and improved practical routines (1999)

Epitope tagging of proteins as a strategy for the analysis of function, interactions and the subcellular distribution of proteins has become widely used. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, molecular biological techniques have been developed that use a simple PCR-based strategy to introduce epitope tags to chromosomal loci (Wach et al., 1994). To further employ the power of this strategy, a variety of novel tags was constructed. These tags were combined with different selectable marker genes, resulting in PCR amplificable modules. Only one set of primers is required for the amplification of any module. Furthermore, convenient laboratory techniques are described that facilitate the genetic manipulations of yeast strains, as well as the analysis of the epitope-tagged proteins.
Two-dimensional velocity inversion and synthetic seismogram computation (1987)

Abstract A traveltime inversion scheme has been developed to estimate velocity and interface geometries of two-dimensional media from deep reflection data. The velocity structure is represented by finite elements, and the inversion is formulated as an iterative, constrained, linear least-squares problem which can be solved by either the singular value truncation method or the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The damping factor of the Levenberg-Marquardt method is chosen by the model-trust region approach. The traveltimes and derivative matrix required to solve the least-squares problem are computed by ray tracing. To aid seismic interpretation, we also include in the inversion scheme a fast algorithm based on asymptotic ray theory for calculating synthetic seismograms from the derived velocity model. Numerical tests indicate that the inversion scheme is effective, and that the accuracy of inversion results depends upon both noise in the data and the aperture of recording used in data acquisition. Two real examples demonstrate that the new inversion scheme produces velocity models fitting the data better than those estimated by other approaches.
Simulated SEU hardened scaled CMOS SRAM cell design using gated resistors (1992)

The use of gated resistors as an innovative technique for hardening scaled static RAM (SRAM) designs is examined. Gated resistors are actively clocked polysilicon resistors that are used to provide single-event upset (SEU) hardness. they are placed in the cross-coupled segments of SRAM cells, similar to designs using passive polysilicon resistors. The high-resistance OFF-state of the gated resistors protects the stored cell data from SEUs. However, during write-cell cycles, the gated resistors are clocked into a low-resistance ON-state by a wordline clock signal. The resultant low-resistance current paths reduce the charging time constants of the internal cell nodes, thus preserving the fast write response to the cell. Experimental investigations of gated resistor technology demonstrated the processing capability and device feasibility. The gated resistor process was found to be easy to integrate into a radiation-hardened half-micrometer CMOS process without introducing any process complexities and without negatively affecting functional yield or degrading total dose hardness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mobile writing technologies and the dis /location of the computer classroom (2005)

This dissertation conceptualizes the wireless writing classroom as a nexus where administrators', instructors', and students' desires are often at odds with each other. Bringing these competing desires to the fore, this work highlights the fissures that tend to get paved over by time and power, fissures that, when exposed and interrogated, represent opportunities for institutional change accomplished via rhetoric. The project problematizes the manner in which some scholars (fail to) conceptualize place and in turn fosters a plastic view of place as unfixed intersection that defies simple, firm enclosures. Drawing from technical and professional writing, rhetoric and composition, human-computer interaction, and other fields, the present study argues for a more participatory approach to wireless design that takes stakeholders' favored spatial arrangements and names for wireless classrooms into account. It culminates in a series of comprehensive design heuristics that accommodate competing discourses and preferences.
Maximum Averaged Likelihood Estimation Tree for Anchor-Less Localization Exploiting IR-UWB Multipaths (2010)

This paper presents an algorithm that enables anchor-less localization for pairs of static Impulse Radio - Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) devices in a room. The estimation progresses through a tree, as the most significant received paths are successively considered. Unlikely path parameters estimates are progressively rejected, relying on cross-correlation (i.e. with respect to predicted waveforms), as well as on a Maximum Averaged Likelihood (MAL) criterion. The latter is based on the measurements of Angle of Incidence (AoI) and Time of Arrival (ToA) for each detected multipath component, in addition to one range measurement. Once intrinsic mirror and transmitter/receiver ambiguities are solved, in the lack of antennas array and reference landmarks, a positioning error lower than 0:6 m and a room dimension error lower than 2% are obtained for 95% of estimates.
Dynamic load balancing and throughput optimization in 3GPP LTE networks (2010)

Load imbalance that deteriorates the system performance is a severe problem existing in 3GPP LTE networks. To deal with this problem, we propose in this paper a load balancing framework, which aims at balancing the load in the entire network, while keeping the network throughput as high as possible. In this framework, the objective is formulated as a network-wide utility function balancing network throughput and load distribution, and then it is transformed to an integer optimization problem under resource allocation constraints. After that, the complexity of the problem is analyzed, network structure constraints are presented, and a practical suboptimal algorithm, called Heaviest-First Load Balancing (HFLB), is proposed. Extensive simulation is made and the results show that using the HFLB algorithm the network can get significantly better load balancing while maintaining the same network throughput at the price of a bit more handovers compared with the traditional signal strength-based handover algorithm.
Learning a Multi-View Stereo Machine (2017)

We present a learnt system for multi-view stereopsis. In contrast to recent learning based methods for 3D reconstruction, we leverage the underlying 3D geometry of the problem through feature projection and unprojection along viewing rays. By formulating these operations in a differentiable manner, we are able to learn the system end-to-end for the task of metric 3D reconstruction. End-to-end learning allows us to jointly reason about shape priors while conforming geometric constraints, enabling reconstruction from much fewer images (even a single image) than required by classical approaches as well as completion of unseen surfaces. We thoroughly evaluate our approach on the ShapeNet dataset and demonstrate the benefits over classical approaches as well as recent learning based methods.