gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research and development needs for advanced vehicle control systems (1993)

The technical issues that the Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) Committee of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society (IVHS) of America has identified as necessary to improve the performance of the surface transportation system are discussed. AVCSs represent the application of sensors, computers, and electromechanical actuators to provide drivers with warnings of hazards, assistance in controlling their vehicles, or fully automated control of vehicle motions. The constraints under which AVCS enabling technologies must be brought to maturity, such as cost, reliability, fault tolerance, and environmental hardening, combined with the basic performance requirements, are outlined. The enabling technologies for AVCS, subdivided into categories of sensors, communication, computation, electromechanical actuators, software and systems technologies, and special tools and facilities, are discussed. AVCS target products are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIV partner counseling and referral. (1999)

A comprehensive procedure, called partner counseling and referral services (PCRS), involves the notification of sexual and needlesharing partners of potential exposure to HIV. Partners may be notified by either the HIV-positive person or a health care provider. The services provided by PCRS include counseling for both the seropositive client and their partners, and free HIV antibody testing for partners. PCRS and its approaches, guidelines, and advantages are detailed. Controversial issues surrounding this process are also discussed. In addition, the importance of skilled trainers and counselors are presented. The goal of the PCRS program is to enable those exposed to the infection to be tested early, so that treatment can begin as soon as possible.
The pR UV<sup>+</sup>plasmid, transfecled into mammalian cells, enhances their UV survival (1983)

It has been recently reported that the pR plasmid enhances the UV survival in E.coli c600. In order to test whether this function may be expressed also in mammalian cells, LTA (tk- aprt-) mouse cells were cotransformed with pR plasmid DNA and ptk1 plasmid as selectable marker. Tk+ transformants were analyzed for their UV survival and for the presence of pR DNA sequences by blot-hybridization. The results show a correlation between the enhanced UV survival and presence of pR DNA sequences in cotransformed LTA mouse cells.
JEPI: joint electronic payment initiative (1997)

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of a high- and low-friction surface on the ability to maintain a steady downward force during an index finger pressing and moving task. Fifteen right-handed subjects (24-48 years) performed a static force pressing task and a hybrid pressing and moving task on the surface of an iPad mini while holding a steady 2-N force on high- and low-friction surfaces. Variability of force was quantified as the standard deviation (SD) of normal force (F z) and shear force (F xy) across friction conditions and tasks. The SD of F z was 227 % greater during the hybrid task as compared to the static task (p < .001) and was 19 % greater for the high- versus low-friction condition (p = .033). There were positive correlations between SD of F z and F xy during the hybrid force/motion tasks on the high- and low-friction conditions (r (2) = 0.5 and 0.86, respectively), suggesting significant associations between normal and shear forces for this hybrid task. The correlation between the SD of F z for static and hybrid tasks was r (2) = 0.44, indicating that the common practice of examining the control of static tasks may not sufficiently explain performance during hybrid tasks, at least for the young subjects tested in the current study. As activities of daily living frequently require hybrid force/motion tasks (e.g., writing, doing the dishes, and cleaning counters), the results of this study emphasize the need to study motor performance during hybrid tasks in addition to static force tasks.
Quench detection method for 2G HTS wire (2010)

2G HTS conductors are increasingly used in various commercial applications and their thermal and electrical stability is an important reliability factor. Detection and prevention of quenches in 2G wire-based cables and solenoids has proven to be a difficult engineering task. This is largely due to a very slow normal zone propagation in coated conductors that leads to formation of localized hotspots while the rest of the conductor remains in the superconducting state. We propose an original method of quench and hotspot detection for 2G wires and coils that is based upon local magnetic sensing and takes advantage of 2G wire planar geometry. We demonstrate our technique experimentally and show that its sensitivity is superior to the known voltage detection scheme. A unique feature of the method is its capability to remotely detect instant degradation of the wire critical current even before a normal zone is developed within the conductor. Various modifications of the method applicable to practical device configurations are discussed.
Synthetic Aperture Sonar low frequency vs. high frequency automatic contact generation (2009)

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) bottom mapping sensors are on the verge of entering operational use. Here we examine the utility of both the low and high frequency output of SAS systems recorded from trials to determine their utility in the automatic contact generation scheme described in the companion paper "Automated Change Detection using Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery " [1]. The survey area covered by the trial has contacts called separately by the high and low frequency SAS output. The results are compared with a manual survey of the data to determine accuracy. The two frequency results are also compared by processing time. The data are then used to determine how merging the two outputs may yield an improved contact calling algorithm.
Drift Region Effects of Power MOSFETs (2012)

Improvement in process technology helps choose different materials in addition to shrinking devices. The power MOS device and laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor device (LDMOS) designed in this paper was simulated by semiconductor process simulation software, and manufactured by using process machine parameters of National Nano Device Laboratories (NDL). In the paper, it also explores that the device drift region length variation affected on breakdown voltage of the device. In device design, the 3:4 aspect ratio shallow trench isolation device architecture was used for simulation to achieve a device with 10.4V (BV) breakdown voltage. Based on these parameter obtained, the power MOS device made can actually withstand high voltage with measured breakdown voltage at 8.5V. However, regard to laterally diffuse metal oxide semiconductor device, we will explore the epitaxial layer thickness effect on the device's ability to withstand voltage. When epitaxial layer thickness is increased, the ability to withstand voltage been enhanced up to 50%. By contrast, the ability to withstand voltage been reduced up to 44% when epitaxial layer thickness is decreased.
Crosstalk Suppression in High Data Rate and High Density Hard Disk Drive Interconnects Using Magnetic Composites (2013)

Due to the increasing data transfer rates in hard disk drives, the crosstalk has become a source of operation failures during electrical and magnetic testing. In order to reduce this detrimental effect, the differential mode signal system of high-speed and high-density interconnects based on a new magnetic technique is proposed. The scattering parameters are evaluated in terms of the crosstalk and the transmission parameters, and then calculated using the 3D full wave simulation software. From the results, it is found that the proposed technique can suppress the near-end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk in a wide range of 1–20 GHz. In addition, the transmission signal levels from the proposed structure are still comparable to the conventional structure. Hence, the proposed technique provides an effective reduction of crosstalk, while maintaining the comparable transmission signal in a wide range of frequency.
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death: current status and challenges for the future (2014)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a daunting problem. It is a major public health issue for several reasons: from its prevalence (20% of total mortality in the industrialized world) to the devastating psycho-social impact on society and on the families of victims often still in their prime, and it represents a challenge for medicine, and especially for cardiology. This text summarizes the discussions and opinions of a group of investigators with a long-standing interest in this field. We addressed the occurrence of SCD in individuals apparently healthy, in patients with heart disease and mild or severe cardiac dysfunction, and in those with genetically based arrhythmic diseases. Recognizing the need for more accurate registries of the global and regional distribution of SCD in these different categories, we focused on the assessment of risk for SCD in these four groups, looking at the significance of alterations in cardiac function, of signs of electrical instability identified by ECG abnormalities or by autonomic tests, and of the progressive impact of genetic screening. Special attention was given to the identification of areas of research more or less likely to provide useful information, and thereby more or less suitable for the investment of time and of research funds.
Control architecture for next-generation communication networks based on distributed databases (1989)

Intelligent routing control is defined as the process in which the network interrogates the databases containing the relationships between logical numbers, such as personal or information identifiers, and physical addresses in the transport network to find the terminal having the information required to process a user request. The routing control system presented uses distributed databases, each of which manages a switching system and all of which are connected through high-speed signalling networks separate from the transport network. If the requested physical address cannot be found in one database, search requests are distributed at the same time to all other databases. For up to 100 million subscribers, the routing control system can find a physical address within 1 s when each database uses ten memories accessed at 200 ns with an interdatabase linkage speed of 14 Mb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Operation of a Miniature Redox Hydrogel-Based Pyruvate Sensor in Undiluted Deoxygenated Calf Serum (2000)

An amperometric sensor for the detection of pyruvate in biological fluids was formed by modifying the tip of a 0.25 mm gold wire with a layer of electrically "wired" recombinant pyruvate oxidase (POP). The sensor did not require O2 for its operation. The electroactive area of the tip of the microwire was increased by electrodeposition of platinum black. The POP was adsorbed on the platinum black and then "wired" with the cross-linked, subsequently deposited poly(4-vinylpyridine), part of the pyridine functions of which were complexed with [Os(bpy)2Cl](+/2+) and part quaternized with 2-bromoethylamine. In the resulting thin layer the POP was well "wired". When the electrode was poised at 0.4 V vs Ag/ AgCl, the sensitivity at pH 6 was 0.26 A cm(-2) M(-1) and the current increased linearly with the pyruvate concentration through the 2 x 10(-6) - 6 x 10(-4) M range. Thiamine diphosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and MgCl2 were not required for the assay, but stabilized the stored enzyme electrode. Placement of a dialysis membrane (MWCO 3500) on the electrode alleviated the severe interference of ascorbate. In calf serum, the detection limit was 30 microM, suggesting that the electrode might be used in the continuous monitoring of pyruvate in hypoxic organs.
Mitochondrial complex I: Structure, function and pathology (2006)

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has a prominent role in energy metabolism of the cell. Being under bigenomic control, correct biogenesis and functioning of the OXPHOS system is dependent on the finely tuned interaction between the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome. This suggests that disturbances of the system can be caused by numerous genetic defects and can result in a variety of metabolic and biochemical alterations. Consequently, OXPHOS deficiencies manifest as a broad clinical spectrum. Complex I, the biggest and most complicated enzyme complex of the OXPHOS system, has been subjected to thorough investigation in recent years. Significant progress has been made in the field of structure, composition, assembly, and pathology. Important gains in the understanding of the Goliath of the OXPHOS system are: exposing the electron transfer mechanism and solving the crystal structure of the peripheral arm, characterization of almost all subunits and some of their functions, and creating models to elucidate the assembly process with concomitant identification of assembly chaperones. Unravelling the intricate mechanisms underlying the functioning of this membrane-bound enzyme complex in health and disease will pave the way for developing adequate diagnostic procedures and advanced therapeutic treatment strategies.
Key Generation for Text Encryption in Cellular Networks using Multi-point Crossover Function (2011)

This paper is mainly concerned with providing security for messages in cellular networks. Encryption of data in cellular networks is mandatory since it is sensitive to eaves dropping. This project focuses on encrypting the data sent between the mobile stations and base stations using a stream cipher method. However, the keys for encryption are generated using an evolutionary computation approach termed genetic algorithm. This genetic algorithm technique gives the best or optimal key for encryption. Before we single point cross over technique is used in generating optimal key for encryption but this paper emphasizes on genetic algorithm technique for different sizes of population and different number of iterations considering multi point crossover. The plain text which is to be encrypted along with the key are encoded using the arithmetic coding technique. Encryption is done to convert the plain text into cipher text. And the comparison with the existing system is explained in detail.
Directions of Improvement in NTSC Color Television Systems (1956)

This paper discusses possible directions of improvement in the NTSC color television standards. These are aimed at minor modifications of the transmitted signal which allow the use of simpler color receivers with more accurate resolution in colored areas. Compatibility also appears likely to be improved by one of the features presented, that is, monochrome receivers would display improved picture quality. The modifications are specifically selected to permit color receivers designed for the unmodified standards to display satisfactory pictures, particularly including correct large-area color. Since the system is essentially defined by the nominal form of receiver which reproduces the transmitted picture in accordance with the signal specification (the reference monitor), emphasis is on changes affecting the form of receiver.
Purification of a cytochrome aa3 terminal oxidase from protoplast membrane vesicles of Micrococcus luteus (1994)

A cytochrome aa 3 terminal oxidase was isolated from protoplast membrane vesicles of Micrococcus luteus grown under aerobic conditions.The purified complex showed similarities to cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) of the electron transport chain of mitochondria and many prokaryotes.The enzyme was solubilized by subsequent treatment with the detergents CHAPS and n-dodecyl-/3-o-maltoside and purified by ion-exchange chromatography using poly-L-lysine agarose and TMAE-fractogel-650 (S) columns, followed by hydroxyapatite chromatography.The purified complex is composed of two major subunits with apparent molecular masses of 54 and 32 kDa.After purification the isolated enzyme contains 12.1 nmol of heme A (mg protein)-1 and exhibits absorption maxima at 424 nm and 598 nm in the oxidized state and at 442 nm and 599 nm in the reduced state.The CO-difference spectrum shows peaks at 428 and 590 nm which is indicative of heme a3, furthermore oxygen consumption was found to be sensitive to cyanide.
Interaction of NE-dlg/SAP102, a Neuronal and Endocrine Tissue-specific Membrane-associated Guanylate Kinase Protein, with Calmodulin and PSD-95/SAP90 (1999)

NE-dlg/SAP102, a neuronal and endocrine tissue-specific membrane-associated guanylate kinase family protein, is known to bind to C-terminal ends of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) through its PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domains. NE-dlg/SAP102 and NR2B colocalize at synaptic sites in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, and their expressions increase in parallel with the onset of synaptogenesis. We have identified that NE-dlg/SAP102 interacts with calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The binding site for calmodulin has been determined to lie at the putative basic alpha-helix region located around the src homology 3 (SH3) domain of NE-dlg/SAP102. Using a surface plasmon resonance measurement system, we detected specific binding of recombinant NE-dlg/SAP102 to the immobilized calmodulin with a Kd value of 44 nM. However, the binding of Ca2+/calmodulin to NE-dlg/SAP102 did not modulate the interaction between PDZ domains of NE-dlg/SAP102 and the C-terminal end of rat NR2B. We have also identified that the region near the calmodulin binding site of NE-dlg/SAP102 interacts with the GUK-like domain of PSD-95/SAP90 by two-hybrid screening. Pull down assay revealed that NE-dlg/SAP102 can interact with PSD-95/SAP90 in the presence of both Ca2+ and calmodulin. These findings suggest that the Ca2+/calmodulin modulates interaction of neuronal membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins and regulates clustering of neurotransmitter receptors at central synapses.
Emerging Highly Virulent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: Molecular Mechanisms of Attenuation and Rational Design of Live Attenuated Vaccines (2019)

The highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) emerged in China in 2010. It infects pigs of all ages, and causes severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn pigs, leading to devastating economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. Effective and safe vaccines against highly virulent PEDV strains are still unavailable, hampering the further prevention, control and eradication of the disease in herds. Vaccination of pregnant sows with live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) is the most effective strategy to induce lactogenic immunity in the sows, which provides A passive protection of suckling piglets against PEDV via the colostrum (beestings, or first milk) and milk. Several LAV candidates have been developed via serially passaging the highly virulent PEDV isolates in non-porcine Vero cells. However, their efficacies in the induction of sufficient protection against virulent PEDV challenge vary in vivo. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the virulence-related mutations of PEDV and their potential roles in PEDV attenuation in vivo. With the successful development of reverse genetics systems for PEDV, we also discuss how to use them to generate promising LAV candidates that are safe, effective and genetically stable. This article provides timely insight into the rational design of effective and safe PEDV LAV candidates.
Congress's fight over your future. (1993)

In the lobbying battle of the decade, America's most powerful interests will reshape Clinton's health proposal. Here's what's likely to happen.
Effect of Aging on Corneal Biomechanical Parameters Using the Ocular Response Analyzer (2009)

Corneal biomechanical parameters are significantly decreased by aging without significant changes in central corneal thickness or IOP, suggesting that age-related structural changes resulting from collagen cross-linking may lead to a reduction of corneal biomechanical variables independent of central corneal thickness or IOP.
Preparation of Macroporous Lime from Natural Lime by Swelling Method with Acetic Acid for High-Temperature Desulfurization (1998)

To develop a highly active calcium oxide high-temperature desulfurization sorbent, a method of preparation of macroporous calcium oxides from lime was studied. This method is composed of two steps: swelling of the lime and calcination of the swelled sample. Swelling occurred when lime was exposed to the vapor of acetic acid. The swelling resulted from calcium acetate formation in the sample. The swelling rate was at a maximum in the presence of acetic acid and depressed by the presence of water vapor. The swelled sample was converted to macroporous calcium oxide by heating to 850 °C. The reactivity of the macroporous calcium oxide for the removal of SO2 or H2S in the presence of H2O vapor was higher than that of the calcined raw limestone. In particular, its SO2 removal capacity and the oxidative character of CaS to CaSO4 and CaO were greatly improved by this swelling method. These characteristics were also compared with those of a sample prepared from limestone by this swelling method.
Dentifrices; an update (2010)

The efficacy of fluoride salts in dentifrices in reducing dental caries is well established. Toothpastes, containing triclosan, are effective in improving plaque control, gingivitis and periodontal health. Other toothpaste formulations are effective in reducing the formation of calculus, extrinsic tooth stain, dentine sensitivity and oral malodour. The consumer now has available a range of toothpastes which deliver oral health benefits. Adverse reactions to toothpastes are rare but should be considered in unexplained skin or respiratory allergies and gingival or lip lesions.
Antinociceptive effects of <i>N</i>‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) peptidase inhibitors ZJ‐11, ZJ‐17 and ZJ‐43 in the rat formalin test and in the rat neuropathic pain model (2004)

The peptide neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) acts as an agonist at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). NAAG is inactivated by extracellular peptidase activity yielding glutamate and N-acetylaspartate. We recently developed a series of potent NAAG peptidase inhibitors, including ZJ-11, ZJ-17 and ZJ-43. In the present study, we examined the effects of intrathecally administered ZJ-11 and ZJ-17 and intravenously administered ZJ-11 and ZJ-43 in the rat formalin test (an inflammatory pain model) and in the rat partial sciatic nerve ligation model (a neuropathic pain model). Intrathecal injection of ZJ-11 or ZJ-17 or intravenous injection of ZJ-11 or ZJ-43 suppressed both phases of the agitation behaviour induced by paw formalin injection. Intrathecal and intravenous injection of ZJ-11 suppressed the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity, induced by paw formalin injection, in laminae I-II in segments L4-L5 of the spinal cord, suggesting an action on sensory spinal transmission. Partial sciatic nerve ligation induced significant mechanical allodynia 7 days after the nerve injury. Intrathecal injection of ZJ-11 or ZJ-17 or intravenous administration of ZJ-11 or ZJ-43 attenuated the level of mechanical allodynia induced by this nerve ligation. These effects of intrathecally or intravenously administered ZJ compounds in both the formalin test and the partial sciatic nerve ligation model were completely antagonized by pretreatment with LY-341495, a highly selective group II mGluR antagonist. Thus, elevation of extracellular NAAG, induced by the inhibition of NAAG peptidase, activates group II mGluRs and produces an analgesic effect in neuropathic and inflammatory and pain models. In contrast, peptidase inhibition did not affect the threshold for withdrawal from a noxious mechanical stimulus or from an acute thermal stimulus in the hotplate test.