gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of KSP by ARRY-520 Induces Cell Cycle Block and Cell Death Via the Mitochondrial Pathway in AML Cells. (2007)

Abstract Kinesin spindle protein (KSP or Eg5), a microtubule-associated motor protein, plays an important role in establishing a bipolar spindle during mitosis and is essential for cell cycle progression. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of KSP prevents bipolar spindle formation leading to mitotic arrest and cell death. As such, a KSP inhibitor may have anti-tumor potential without toxicities associated with anti-microtubule agents such as taxanes. We found that KSP is highly expressed in various acute leukemic cells. Inhibition of KSP by a specific inhibitor, ARRY-520, at low nanomolar concentrations, blocked cell cycle progression and led to subsequent cell death in OCI-AML3, Molm13, HL-60, U937, and Jurkat cells. Knocking down p53 by p53shRNA in OCI-AML3 cells did not alter the effectiveness of ARRY-520. U937 cells overexpressing XIAP (U937XIAP) and Jurkat cells lacking caspase 8 (JurkatI2.1) showed unchanged sensitivities to ARRY-520 compared with their respective control cells, suggesting that cell cycle block and cell death induced by KSP inhibition is independent of p53 status, XIAP levels, and the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, although ARRY-520 blocked cell growth and induced mitotic arrest in both HL-60 cells and HL-60 cells overexpressing Bcl-2 (HL-60Bcl-2), cell death (determined by annexin V staining and changes in mitochondrial potential) was significantly abolished in HL-60Bcl-2 cells. These results suggest that cell death following cell cycle blockade by KSP inhibition is mediated through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, ARRY-520 induced the protein level of Bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein, prior to the activation of caspases in HL-60 cells. Although KSP inhibition by ARRY-520 had no effect on the survival of non-dividing AML blasts in vitro, ARRY-520 significantly inhibited the colony formation capacities of AML blasts, further supporting the critical role of KSP in cell proliferation. Our studies demonstrated that inhibition of KSP by ARRY-520 potently induces blockage of cell cycle progression which leads to cell death of various leukemic cells via the mitochondrial pathway and has the potential to eradicate AML progenitor cells.
Independent component analysis of Alzheimer's DNA microarray gene expression data (2009)

We demonstrated that ICA exploits higher-order statistics to identify gene expression profiles as linear combinations of elementary expression patterns that lead to the construction of potential AD-related pathogenic pathways. Our computing results also validated that the ICA model outperformed PCA and the SVM-RFE method. This report shows that ICA as a microarray data analysis tool can help us to elucidate the molecular taxonomy of AD and other multifactorial and polygenic complex diseases.
Superacid-Catalyzed Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Benzene. Study of Protonated Benzaldehydes and the Role of Superelectrophilic Activation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSuperacid-Catalyzed Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Benzene. Study of Protonated Benzaldehydes and the Role of Superelectrophilic ActivationGeorge A. Olah, Golam Rasul, Chentao York, and G. K. Surya PrakashCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 45, 11211–11214Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00150a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00150a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Minimal Manual (1988)

The conceptual design of a comprehensive support system for operators of complex systems is presented. Key functions within the support system architecture include information management, error monitoring, and adaptive aiding. One of the central knowledge sources underlying this functionality is an operator model that involves a combination of algorithmic and symbolic models for assessing and predicting an operator's activities, awareness, intentions, resources, and performance. Functional block diagrams are presented for the overall architecture as well as the key elements within this architecture. A variety of difficult design issues are discussed and ongoing efforts aimed at resolving these issues are noted.
The Stereoelectronic Course of the Diene-Sulfur Dioxide Reaction (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stereoelectronic Course of the Diene-Sulfur Dioxide ReactionWilliam L. MockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 12, 2857–2858Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00964a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00964a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views419Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Evaluation of Quinazolines as Inhibitors of the Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsZ (2015)

The bacterial cell division protein FtsZ is one of many potential targets for the development of novel antibiotics. Recently, zantrin Z3 was shown to be a cross-species inhibitor of FtsZ; however, its specific interactions with the protein are still unknown. Herein we report the synthesis of analogues that contain a more tractable core structure and an analogue with single-digit micromolar inhibition of FtsZ's GTPase activity, which represents the most potent inhibitor of Escherichia coli FtsZ reported to date. In addition, the zantrin Z3 core has been converted to two potential photo-cross-linking reagents for proteomic studies that could shed light on the molecular interactions between FtsZ and molecules related to zantrin Z3.
Investigation of solar cell performance using multilayer thin film structure (SiO2/Si3N4) and grating (2016)

Thin film silicon solar cells are the better choice due to their low cost as compared to the crystalline solar cells. However, thin film silicon solar cells are suffering from a problem of weak absorption of incident light and hence, light trapping mechanism is essential for the harvesting of maximum solar radiation. In this paper, we present the performance of solar cell using an efficient back reflector composed of multilayer thin film (SiO2/Si3N4) and a diffraction grating. The use of a back reflector showed enhanced light absorption due to the folding of unabsorbed light coming to it after crossing the active region in a wide wavelength range. Further, the effect of active layer thickness and grating height were also discussed for the optimal performance of the solar cell. In the case of magnetic transverse mode, a relative enhancement in cell efficiency about 79 and 21% respectively have been observed with respect to a planar and SC4 solar cells.
Isolation and biological characterization of staphyloferrin B, a compound with siderophore activity from staphylococci (1994)

A highly hydrophilic compound with siderophore activity has been isolated from the supernatant of Staphylococcus hyicus DSM 20459 grown under iron-restricted conditions. The metabolite, named staphyloferrin B, is strictly iron-regulated and produced by a large variety of staphylococci strains. In vivo iron transport measurements and the growth-promoting activity in a bioassay establish staphyloferrin B as the second siderophore for staphylococci besides the previously described staphyloferrin A. The structure elucidation revealed 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, citrate, ethylenediamine and 2-ketoglutaric acid as structural components of the compound. Thus, staphyloferrin B is a structurally new siderophore of the complexone type.
Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in the Gut (1989)

Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; and *Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. S. Freier at Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Regulation of Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channels by Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C (2000)

Voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channels are multisubunit transmembrane proteins, which allow the influx of Ca(2+) (I:(Ca)) essential for normal excitability and excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes. A variety of different receptors and signaling pathways provide dynamic regulation of I:(Ca) in the intact heart. The present review focuses on recent evidence describing the molecular details of regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels by protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. Multiple G protein-coupled receptors act through cAMP/PKA pathways to regulate L-type channels. ss-Adrenergic receptor stimulation results in a marked increase in I:(Ca), which is mediated by a cAMP/PKA pathway. Growing evidence points to an important role of localized signaling complexes involved in the PKA-mediated regulation of I:(Ca), including A-kinase anchor proteins and binding of phosphatase PP2a to the carboxyl terminus of the alpha(1C) (Ca(v)1.2) subunit. Both alpha(1C) and ss(2a) subunits of the channel are substrates for PKA in vivo. The regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels by Gq-linked receptors and associated PKC activation is complex, with both stimulation and inhibition of I:(Ca) being observed. The amino terminus of the alpha(1C) subunit is critically involved in PKC regulation. Crosstalk between PKA and PKC pathways occurs in the modulation of I:(Ca). Ultimately, precise regulation of I:(Ca) is needed for normal cardiac function, and alterations in these regulatory pathways may prove important in heart disease.
Electronic tooth stimulator for pain research. (1976)

It is not possible to measure pain but it is possible to measure the stimulus that causes it. Electrical stimuli are probably the most suitable since they can be readily produced and accurately measured. Applying stimuli to the teeth of human subjects is convenient and does not cause damage. This paper describes a tooth stimulator which is considered to be an advance on other available equipment, being easier to use and more accurate, as well as reassuring for the human patient or experimental subject.
8.9% Single‐Stack Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Electron‐Rich Polymer Nanolayer‐Modified Inorganic Electron‐Collecting Buffer Layers (2014)

Enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) is reported in inverted polymer solar cells when an electron‐rich polymer nanolayer (poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)) is placed on the surface of an electron‐collecting buffer layer (ZnO). The active layer is made with bulk heterojunction films of poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 71 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM). The thickness of the PEI nanolayer is controlled to be 2 nm to minimize its insulating effect, which is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical absorption measurements. The Kelvin probe and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the enhanced PCE by introducing the PEI nanolayer is attributed to the lowered conduction band energy of the ZnO layer via the formation of an interfacial dipole layer at the interfaces between the ZnO layer and the PEI nanolayer. The PEI nanolayer also improves the surface roughness of the ZnO layer so that the device series resistance can be noticeably decreased. As a result, all solar cell parameters including short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, and shunt resistance are improved, leading to the PCE increase up to ≈8.9%, which is close to the best PCE reported using conjugated polymer electrolyte films.
Interferon-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic liver disease (1987)

We investigated the role of the interferon system in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured with an ELISA. While concanavalin A-stimulated and recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated production of interferon-gamma in patients with chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis was significantly decreased when compared with that of controls (518 +/- 189 and 729 +/- 195 units per ml, mean +/- S.D.), there was also a lot of overlap. Addition of indomethacin to the cultures partially restored interferon-gamma production in patients with chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, indicating that suppressor function of monocytes was, in part, responsible for the diminished interferon-gamma production. Serial studies showed that interferon-gamma production rose during acute deterioration of illness, during treatment with interleukin 2 and with the improvement of clinical course. Interferon-gamma production was not different among hepatitis B e antigen or antibody positive, and non-A, non-B patients with chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Our findings suggest that diminished interferon-gamma production is associated with disease severity in chronic liver disease, irrespective of the hepatitis B virus carrier state. It would be interesting to compare the efficacy of treatment with interferon-gamma or interferon-gamma inducers such as interleukin 2 in chronic hepatitis B patients with and without decreased in vitro interferon-gamma production.
Effects of a Protein Preload on Gastric Emptying, Glycemia, and Gut Hormones After a Carbohydrate Meal in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

Whey protein consumed before a carbohydrate meal can stimulate insulin and incretin hormone secretion and slow gastric emptying, leading to marked reduction in postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.
A fine-line CMOS technology that uses p<sup>+</sup>polysilicon/silicide gates for NMOS and PMOS devices (1984)

We have developed a fine-line CMOS technology that uses a single-type, p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polycide (polysilicon/silicide) gate for both NMOS and PMOS transistors. This approach eliminates the problems encountered when using n- and p-type polysilicon gate for NMOS and PMOS transistors that have a common polycide gate. For the n- and p-type polysilicon gates under silicide structure, it has been found that extremely rapid lateral impurity diffusion occurs in the TaSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> upper layer of the polycide gate structure Such impurity diffusion alters the work functions of the adjacent NMOS and PMOS devices. With p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -polycide gates for both types of devices, the PMOS device is a "surface-channel" type, and the NMOS device is a (normally off) "buried-channel" type The PMOS device is less prone to punchthrough at short channel lengths than the NMOS device; however, the NMOS device performance benefits from the mobility enhancement of the buried-channel structure. We will highlight here the relativity advantages and disadvantages of the surface-and buried-channel NMOS devices. We describe the I-V characteristics of p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -polycide gate NMOS and PMOS transistors having 175Å thick gate oxide, threshold voltages of ±0.7V and electrical channel lengths of 1.0µm.
Multilevel Anti-Fuse Cells by Progressive Rupturing of the High-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Gate Dielectric in FinFET Technologies (2016)

A new operation scheme is proposed for achieving multilevel storage in FinFET one-time programmable (OTP) cells by a high-κ metal gate CMOS process. The OTP cells are programmed by breaking down the gate dielectric layer, during which the corner effect in the FinFET structure shortens the program time and lowers the program voltages. The after-breakdown resistance in the storage node is found to be well-controlled by the compliance current level set by the select transistor. By using WL voltage control, the multilevel OTP cell with superior data retention and disturb immunity is successfully used in advanced logic nonvolatile memory applications.
The relationship between autophagy and the immune system and its applications for tumor immunotherapy (2019)

Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a "double-edged sword" in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.
AR Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond (2018)

The notion that androgens and androgen receptor (AR) signaling are the hallmarks of prostate cancer oncogenesis and disease progression is generally well accepted. What is more poorly understood is the role of AR signaling in other human malignancies. This special issue of <i>Cancers</i> initially reviews the role of AR in advanced prostate cancer, and then explores the potential importance of AR signaling in other epithelial malignancies. The first few articles focus on the use of novel AR-targeting therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer and the mechanisms of resistance to novel antiandrogens, and they also outline the interaction between AR and other cellular pathways, including PI3 kinase signaling, transcriptional regulation, angiogenesis, stromal factors, Wnt signaling, and epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer. The next several articles review the possible role of androgens and AR signaling in breast cancer, bladder cancer, salivary gland cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the potential treatment implications of using antiandrogen therapies in these non-prostatic malignancies.
Influence of Genuine Kavapyrone Enantiomers on the GABA<sub>A</sub>Binding Site (1998)

The influence of kavapyrones from Piper methysticum Forst. on the GABAA receptor was demonstrated using radioreceptor assays. Both the dienolide yangonin and the genuine enolide enantiomers (+)-kavain, (+)-dihydrokavain, (+)-methysticin, and (+)-dihydromethysticin enhanced the specific binding of [3H]bicuculline methochloride ([3H]BMC). The kavapyrones have been investigated at assay concentrations between 100 microM and 10 nM. (+)-Kavain, (+)-methysticin and (+)-dihydromethysticin showed maximal enhancements of 18% to 28% at a concentration of 0.1 microM, whereas a 100-fold concentration of (+)-dihydrokavain revealed a similar modulatory activity of 22%. In the presence of 1 microM yangonin an increase of about 21% of the specific [3H]BMC binding was observed. Desmethoxyyangonin did not alter the binding behavior of the GABAA-receptor. A structure comparison of desmethoxyyangonin and yangonin indicated that the aromatic methoxy group was of particular importance for the modulatory activity. In contrast, the substitution pattern of the aromatic ring did not influence the modulatory activity of the enolides in a decisive manner. A structure comparison of desmethoxyyangonin and (+)-kavain revealed that an angular lactone ring was an important structure requirement. Both the enolides and the dienolides did not inhibit the specific binding of [3H]flunitrazepan. Thus, the influence on the GABAA receptor was not based upon an interaction of these kavapyrones with the benzodiazepine receptor.
Architecture for a low complexity rate-adaptive Reed-Solomon encoder (1995)

Multiple error-correcting Reed-Solomon (RS) codes have many practical applications. The complexity of an RS encoder depends on multiplications in the finite field over which the code is defined. We consider a triangular basis for representing the field elements, and present an architecture for a rate-adaptive RS encoder using a triangular basis multiplication algorithm. The architecture supports pipeline and bit-serial operations, and has a low circuit complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Web Information Extraction Based on Hidden Markov Model (2009)

To solve disorder among information items and lack of information item in the field of information extraction, this paper proposes a Web information extraction algorithm based on Hidden Markov Model(HMM).It parses a Web document into an extended DOM tree, and maps an information item to a state with mapping a path in extended DOM tree about an information item to a vocable.An HMM model is obtained by using induction algorithm.Experiments show that the algorithm has better extraction performance.