gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additive Sintering, Postannealing, and Dielectric Properties of <scp> <scp>SrTaO</scp> </scp> <sub>2</sub> <scp> <scp>N</scp> </scp> (2014)

The maintaining of the chemical composition and electrical insulativity of SrTaO 2 N ceramics was investigated during sintering and annealing, using powders prepared by the nitridation of Sr 2 Ta 2 O 7 . Due to the low thermal stability of SrTaO 2 N , the partial loss of SrO and nitrogen induced the formation of a TaO 0.9 impurity after heat‐treating at above 1100°C. The sintering additive SrCO 3 and postannealing in NH 3 were employed to compensate for the loss of SrO and nitrogen to obtain ceramics with the original chemical composition. The as‐sintered SrTaO 2 N ceramics with various relative density ( RD ) were annealed in NH 3 to observe the recovery of color and electrical insulativity. It was found that the inner part of the well‐sintered samples with RD = 95.1% could not be recovered by annealing, and continued to exhibit semiconducting behavior and a black color. On the other hand, for the as‐sintered SrTaO 2 N ceramics with RD < 84%, both the nitrogen content and electrically insulating behavior were completely recovered after annealing. The postannealed SrTaO 2 N ceramics ( RD = 83.3%) possessed a relatively large dielectric constant of 450 with a low dielectric loss of less than 0.1 at 100 Hz, almost independent of frequency and temperature.
Visual attention to repeated internet images (2002)

The somewhat controversial and often-discussed theory of visual perception, that of scanpaths, was tested using Web pages as visual stimuli. In 1971, Noton and Stark defined "scanpaths" as repetitive sequences of fixations and saccades that occur upon re-exposure to a visual stimulus, facilitating recognition of that stimulus. Since Internet users are repeatedly exposed to certain visual displays of information, the Web is an ideal stimulus to test this theory. Eye-movement measures were recorded while subjects repeatedly viewed three different kinds of Internet pages -- a portal page, an advertising page and a news story page -- over the course of a week. Scanpaths were compared by using the string-edit methodology that measures resemblance between sequences. Findings show that on the World Wide Web, with somewhat complex visual digital images, some viewers' eye movements may follow a habitually preferred path -- a scanpath -- across the visual display. In addition, strong similarity among eye-path sequences of different viewers may indicate that other forces such as features of the Web site or memory are important.
Potent Sex Attractant of the Gypsy Moth: Its Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis (1970)

The sex attractant emitted by the female gypsy moth has been identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane. The structure was verified by spectral, gas chromatographic, and biological comparisons with the synthesized compound. Nine closely related isomers were considerably less effective.
The Late Woodland Diet on Nantucket Island and the Problem of Maize in Coastal New England (1995)

Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of (1) bone collagen from six burials of the Late Woodland Period at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, and (2) a wide range of potential dietary materials provide data for evaluating coastal diets. Archaeological and historical data give evidence for the availability and use of dietary items. The bases of the food chains and trophic levels define the possible food groups: terrestrial C 3 and C 4 plants and their consumers, marine C 3 and C 4 -like plants and their consumers, and marine carnivores. From these data, computer analysis of multiple linear mixing equations relating isotope ratios of human bone collagen to those of dietary food groups shows allowable ranges of these food groups in the diet. The results argue for a diet of 40–65 percent oceanic animals, with the rest consisting of substantial amounts of animals from salt marsh and eelgrass meadows or of maize, and minor amounts of C3 plants and their consumers.
Nanostructured Polyethylene-POSS Copolymers:  Control of Crystallization and Aggregation (2002)

Nanoscale structure formation in copolymers of polyethylene (PE) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with norbornene and cyclopentyl side-groups can be controlled through choice of crystallization conditions. Aggregates of both crystalline PE and crystalline POSS are found when crystallized from the melt. A self-assembled, two-phase crystalline structure, consisting of POSS crystalline domains molecularly connected to PE crystalline domains, is formed. Constraints on domain growth arise from molecular architecture, likely leading to anisotropy in the shape of POSS domains. Considerable suppression of POSS crystallization is found on precipitation from solution. The origin of the frustration of crystal growth and the introduction of disorder is discussed. Structural investigative methods include X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Degradation temperatures are found to be dependent on the morphology of the nanocomposites, with possible implications for improved thermal resistance.
OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio byoptimum combination of partial transmit sequences (1997)

The authors propose a very effective and flexible peak power reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with almost vanishing redundancy. This new method works with arbitrary numbers of subcarriers and unconstrained signal sets. The core of the proposal is to combine partial transmit sequences (PTS) to minimise the peak-to-average power ratio distortionless.
성취기준의 차용 및 변용 : 단계별 의사결정 과정에 대한 분석 연구 (2008)

이 연구는 제7차 교육과정 이후 차용된 ① 성취기준 용어의 기원을 밝히고, ② 이 개념이 어떠한 목적으로 사용되기 시작하였으며 ③ 어떠한 과정을 거쳐 정착되고 변용되었는지에 대해 분석한 것이다. 이를 위하여 Phillips와 Ochs(2003)의 교육정책 차용모형을 한국적 상황에 적합하도록 재구성하여 ① 유인단계 ② 결정단계 ③ 실행단계 별로 성취기준 개념의 도입 및 내면화 과정상의 특징에 대한 분석을 제공하였다. 첫째, Standards는 원어의 의미에서 다소 변용되어, 한국에서는 ① 평가기준의 선행요건과 ② 교육내용 진술방식을 지칭하기 위해 활용되었다. 둘째, 성취기준 개념은 교육과정 개발자들 간의 인식 공유의 부족으로 인해 기존의 한국 교육과정 체제에 큰 영향을 미치지는 못하였다. 이에 성취기준 차용에 대한 성과와 한계를 도출하고 향후 바람직한 적용 과제의 도출에 대한 필요성을 제기하였다.
Correction to The Use of Aligned Silver Nanorod Arrays Prepared by Oblique Angle Deposition as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to The Use of Aligned Silver Nanorod Arrays Prepared by Oblique Angle Deposition as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering SubstratesJeremy D. Driskell*, Saratchandra Shanmukh, Yongjun Liu, Stephen B. Chaney, X.-J. Tang, Y.-P. Zhao, and Richard A. DluhyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 40, 20052Publication Date (Web):September 19, 2011Publication History Published online19 September 2011Published inissue 13 October 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp208272phttps://doi.org/10.1021/jp208272pcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1023 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transmission of the color information using quad-trees and segmentation-based approaches for the compression of color images with limited palette (2002)

The compression of color images is usually performed independently along each of the 3 axis of a luminance-chrominance color space. When applied to images using a limited color palette, it generates images which take on more values than those found in the original color palette. These images must be color quantized before they can be displayed with a limited palette. In this paper, we present two new approaches for the lossy compression of color quantized images that does not require color quantization of the decoded images. The algorithms restrict the pixels of the decoded image to take values only in the original color palette. The first algorithm does so by using lists of colors taken by pixels in variable block sizes. The second one uses a color segmentation of the image. These two approaches improve the performance of previously proposed algorithms. For comparable quality and similar bit rate, the proposed approaches have lower decoding complexity than standard DCT-based coding algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Repair of a Traumatic Scleral Rupture With Scleral Imbrication and BioGlue (2007)

ENGEL, HARRY M. MD; CHECHIK, DANIEL MD; BURDE, RONALD M. MDEditor(s): Williams, George A. Author Information
Recent advances in the transcriptional regulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway (2011)

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites involved in several aspects of plant development and defence. They colour fruits and flowers, favouring seed and pollen dispersal, and contribute to plant adaptation to environmental conditions such as cold or UV stresses, and pathogen attacks. Because they affect the quality of flowers (for horticulture), fruits and vegetables, and their derivatives (colour, aroma, stringency, etc.), flavonoids have a high economic value. Furthermore, these compounds possess pharmaceutical properties extremely attractive for human health. Thanks to easily detectable mutant phenotypes, such as modification of petal pigmentation and seeds exhibiting transparent testa, the enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have been characterized in several plant species. Conserved features as well as specific differences have been described. Regulation of structural gene expression appears tightly organized in a spatial and temporal way during plant development, and is orchestrated by a ternary complex involving transcription factors from the R2R3-MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40 classes. This MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex regulates the genes that encode enzymes specifically involved in the late steps of the pathway leading to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and condensed tannins. Although several genes encoding transcription factors from these three families have been identified, many gaps remain in our understanding of the regulation of this biosynthetic pathway, especially about the respective roles of bHLH and WD40 proteins. A better knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the flavonoid pathway is likely to favour the development of new biotechnological tools for the generation of value-added plants with optimized flavonoid content.
A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF MALARIAL PARASITES RECOVERED FROM CYTOCHROME<i>b</i>GENE SEQUENCES (2002)

A phylogeny of haemosporidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa, family Plasmodiidae) was recovered using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences from 52 species in 4 genera (Plasmodium, Hepatocystis, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon), including parasite species infecting mammals, birds, and reptiles from over a wide geographic range. Leucocytozoon species emerged as an appropriate out-group for the other malarial parasites. Both parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses produced similar phylogenetic trees. Life-history traits and parasite morphology, traditionally used as taxonomic characters, are largely phylogenetically uninformative. The Plasmodium and Hepatocystis species of mammalian hosts form 1 well-supported clade, and the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus species of birds and lizards form a second. Within this second clade, the relationships between taxa are more complex. Although jackknife support is weak, the Plasmodium of birds may form 1 clade and the Haemoproteus of birds another clade, but the parasites of lizards fall into several clusters, suggesting a more ancient and complex evolutionary history. The parasites currently placed within the genus Haemoproteus may not be monophyletic. Plasmodium falciparum of humans was not derived from an avian malarial ancestor and, except for its close sister species, P. reichenowi, is only distantly related to haemospordian parasites of all other mammals. Plasmodium is paraphyletic with respect to 2 other genera of malarial parasites, Haemoproteus and Hepatocystis. Explicit hypothesis testing supported these conclusions.
Indoor localisation using aroma fingerprints: A first sniff (2017)

Electronic noses (eNoses) can detect and classify a large variety of smells. They are, in general, much more sensitive than the human nose. Could they identify different indoor locations based on the locations' characteristic combinations of airborne chemicals? We study in this paper how well location can be determined in an indoor environment using only measurements from an ion mobility spectrometry eNose and a K nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier. Based on the results of test with real-world data eNose-based localisation seems to have potential but there are several questions and issues that still have to be addressed. This paper provides therefore a discussion of questions and issues that have to be studied in the future, and proposes potential solutions.
A reference chain approach for live variables (2018)

The classical dataflow approach to determine the set of variables that are live at some point in a program entails using an iterative algorithm across the entire program, usually with costly bitvector data structures. Methods based on sparse evaluation graphs exist, but these are solved on a per-variable basis and are also iterative. Inspired by our group&apos;s interest in sparse representations of use-def and def-use reference chains, we are investigating still another approach. In this paper, we present an algorithm for determining liveness of variables based on upwards exposed use information at control flow branch points, analogous to the collection of reaching definition information in the popular Static Single Assignment form. We demonstrate the use of our technique with two applications, building interference graphs and eliminating dead code, and show that this new reference chain approach has important advantages over previous methods. Keywords: dataflow analysis, static single ass...
Measurement of liver fat by magnetic resonance imaging: relationships with body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids in healthy men (2006)

These data suggest that MRI is as good as MRS to quantify liver fat content. Our data also suggest that liver fat content could link intraabdominal fat with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia.
Use of Monoclonal Antibody in Diagnosis of Candidiasis Caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> : Detection of Circulating Aspartyl Proteinase Antigen (1999)

To develop a serological diagnosis of invasive candidiasis based on detection of circulating secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) antigen of Candida albicans, three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were compared. The first was a standard ELISA to detect anti-SAP antibodies, and the others were an antigen capture ELISA and an inhibition ELISA to detect circulating SAP antigen with monoclonal antibody (MAb) CAP1, which is highly specific for SAP. These tests were applied to 33 serum samples retrospectively selected from 33 patients with mycologically and/or serologically proven invasive candidiasis caused by C. albicans. Serum samples from 12 patients with aspergillosis and serum samples from 13 healthy individuals were also included. The sensitivities and specificities were 69.7 and 76.0% for the standard ELISA and 93.9 and 92.0% for the antigen capture ELISA, respectively. However, these values reached 93.9 and 96.0%, respectively, for the inhibition ELISA. Serum samples from 31 of 33 patients had detectable SAP antigen, with concentrations ranging from 6.3 to 19.0 ng/ml. These results indicate that the inhibition ELISA with MAb CAP1 is effective in detection of circulating SAP antigen and that this assay may be useful for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of invasive candidiasis.
Efficient and Stable FASnI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells with Effective Interface Modulation by Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Layer (2019)

The promising tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from the oxidation of Sn<sup>2+</sup> to Sn<sup>4+</sup> , leading to a disappointing conversion efficiency along with poor stability. In this work, phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr) was employed to form an ultrathin, low-dimensional perovskite layer on the surface of the FASnI<sub>3</sub> (FA=formamidinium) absorber film to improve the interface of perovskite/PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub> -butyricacid methyl) in the inverted planar device structure of the ITO (indium-doped tin oxide)/PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate]/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub> -butyricacid methyl (PCBM)/BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) electrode. The device efficiency was enhanced from 4.77 to 7.86 % by this PEABr treatment. A series of characterizations proved that this modification could improve the crystallinity of the FASnI<sub>3</sub> perovskite by incorporating Br and forming an ultrathin, low-dimensional perovskite layer at the interface, which led to the effective suppression of Sn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation, improved band level alignment, and decreased defect density. These effects contributed to the clear enhancement of conversion efficiency. Moreover, this treatment also led to remarkably enhanced device stability, with approximately 80 % of the initial efficiency retained after 350 h light soaking, whereas the control device failed within 140 h. This work deepens our understanding of the suppression effect of PEABr on the oxidation of Sn<sup>2+</sup> and paves a new way to fabricate promising tin halide PSCs by facile interface engineering.
Macroscopic variations of surface potentials of conductors (1991)

The surface potential variations of the following conductors have been measured over a 0.7 cm2 area: bronze, NiP, conducting polymer (polyaniline), Al, Cu, Au, and graphite. The measurements were performed with a Kelvin probe of spatial and potential resolution of 1.5 mm and 1 mV, respectively. Subjecting the surfaces to no cleaning procedure other than a low temperature ultrahigh vacuum bake, we find a wide spectrum of variation in surface potential uniformity, with alloys typically the least uniform and nonreactive surfaces such as gold and graphite the most uniform (no fluctuations above the 1 mV probe sensitivity). Application of these results to the Los Alamos antiproton gravity experiment is discussed.
Semi-structured data extraction and modelling: the WIA Project (2013)

Over the last decades, the amount of data of all kinds available electronically has increased dramatically. Data are accessible through a range of interfaces including Web browsers, database query languages, application-specific interfaces, built on top of a number of different data exchange formats. All these data span from un-structured to highly structured data. Very often, some of them have structure even if the structure is implicit, and not as rigid or regular as that found in standard database systems. Spreadsheet documents are prototypical in this respect. Spreadsheets are the lightweight technology able to supply companies with easy to build business management and business intelligence applications, and business people largely adopt spreadsheets as smart vehicles for data files generation and sharing. Actually, the more spreadsheets grow in complexity (e.g., their use in product development plans and quoting), the more their arrangement, maintenance, and analysis appear as a knowledge-driven activity. The algorithmic approach to the problem of automatic data structure extraction from spreadsheet documents (i.e., grid-structured and free topological-related data) emerges from the WIA project: Worksheets Intelligent Analyser. The WIA-algorithm shows how to provide a description of spreadsheet contents in terms of higher level of abstractions or conceptualisations. In particular, the WIA-algorithm target is about the extraction of i) the calculus work-flow implemented in the spreadsheets formulas and ii) the logical role played by the data which take part into the calculus. The aim of the resulting conceptualisations is to provide spreadsheets with abstract representations useful for further model refinements and optimizations through evolutionary algorithms computations.
Effect of cubic, tilted uniaxial, and orthorhombic anisotropies on homogeneous nucleation in a garnet bubble film (1974)

We have studied domain nucleation phenomena in a (111)-oriented garnet bubble film in the presence of in-plane fields. From visual observations we have found that as the in-plane field is lowered from saturation, a homogeneous stripe nucleation occurs at a critical easy axis bias field H∥n, leading to a ``mixed polarity state'' at remanence. For bias fields different from H∥n, inhomogeneous bubble nucleation occurs which is dependent on the defect distribution in the sample and which can give rise to a bubble lattice at remanence. The bias field H∥n depends on the azimuthal angle φ of the in-plane field in the sample plane; it has threefold (cos3φ) and onefold (cosφ) symmetry components which can be related to cubic and tilted uniaxial anisotropy, respectively. The tilt of the uniaxial anisotropy is found to be along the same direction as, but significantly larger than, the actual tilt of the crystallographic axis, perhaps indicating a large sensitivity of growth anisotropy to misalignment. An orthorhombic anisotropy component is observed in the in-plane nucleation field. These results are compared to the results of photometric measurements of the type previously proposed by Shumate, Smith, and Hagedorn, and by Krumme, Hansen, and Haberkamp. A phase theory, modified to include finite-thickness effects phenomenologically, is developed to determine the conditions for second-order (stripe) nucleation in the presence of cubic, tilted uniaxial, and orthorhombic anisotropy. Analytical expressions are found for H∥n which can be used to evaluate the anisotropies from the data. The results are consistent with independent measurements of these anisotropies on the same specimen.
Terahertz Technology in Biology and Medicine (2004)

Terahertz irradiation and sensing is being applied for the first time to a wide range of fields outside the traditional niches of space science, molecular line spectroscopy, and plasma diagnostics. This paper surveys some of the terahertz measurements and applications of interest in the biological and medical sciences.