gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The nonholonomic nature of human locomotion: a modeling study (2006)

This work presents a differential system which accurately describes the geometry of human locomotor trajectories of humans walking on the ground level, in absence of obstacles. Our approach emphasizes the close relationship between the shape of the locomotor paths in goal-directed movements and the simplified kinematic model of a wheeled mobile robot. This kind of system has been extensively studied in robotics community. From a kinematic perspective, the characteristic of this wheeled robot is the nonholonomic constraint of the wheels on the floor, which forces the vehicle to move tangentially to its main axis. Humans do not walk sideways. This obvious observation indicates that some constraints (mechanical, anatomical...) act on human bodies restricting the way humans generate locomotor trajectories. To model this, we propose a differential system that respects nonholonomic constraints. We validate this model by comparing simulated trajectories with actual (recorded) trajectories produced during goal-oriented locomotion in humans. Subjects had to start from a pre-defined position and direction to cross over a distant porch (position and orientation of the porch were the two manipulated factors). Such comparative analysis is undertaken by making use of numerical methods to compute the control inputs from actual trajectories. Three body frames have been considered: head, pelvis and trunk. It appears that the trunk can be considered as a kind of a steering wheel that steers the human body with a delay of around 0.2 second. This model has been validated on a database of 1,560 trajectories recorded from seven subjects. It opens a promising route to better understand the human locomotion via differential geometry tools successfully experienced in mobile robotics
Development of a Holistic Evaluation System for BIPV Façades (2015)

Façades with building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) have the advantage that they can produce renewable electric energy. Compared with conventional façades, BIPV façades have therefore a valuable additional property that can generally contribute to increasing the degree of sustainability of buildings. A holistic assessment system for BIPV façade systems for office and administration buildings was developed in the framework of the project “MULTIELEMENT II” at the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES) in Kassel, Germany. The aim of this research was a comparison of conventional façade systems with BIPV façade systems regarding different technical, economical, sustainability, and design criteria. This paper discusses the basic conditions for a holistic evaluation of BIPV façades in comparison with conventional façades. A method for the execution of a holistic evaluation and characteristic values for a comparison interpretation of results is presented. Façade systems are evaluated regarding both quantifiable and non-quantifiable properties by means of a Microsoft Excel-based evaluation tool. The tool facilitates the comparison and evaluation of planned or built façades with and without BIPV. The detailed evaluation results aim to facilitate the certification of BIPV façade systems in the framework of sustainable building certification systems such as the German DGNB.
The hypoxia-related microRNA miR-199a-3p displays tumor suppressor functions in ovarian carcinoma (2015)

During the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells, the cells float in the peritoneal cavity without access to a vascular supply and so are exposed to hypoxic conditions, which may cause the ovarian cancer cells to acquire a more aggressive and malignant phenotype. In this study, we screened microRNAs (miRNAs) to identify those that displayed altered expression patterns under hypoxic conditions and then analyzed their functional roles in ovarian cancer progression. miRNA PCR arrays performed on cells from 2 ovarian cancer cell lines (CaOV3 and RMUG-S) revealed miR-199a-3p as one of the miRNAs that are downregulated under hypoxia. In silico analyses indicated that MET is one of the target genes for miR-199a-3p; subsequently, miR-199a-3p expression was found to be inversely correlated with c-Met expression in ovarian cancer. Transfection of precursor miR-199a-3p into ovarian cancer cells reduced c-Met expression and inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Met, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and AKT; in addition, proliferation, adhesion, and invasiveness were inhibited. Moreover, overexpression of miR-199a-3p in cancer cells significantly suppressed peritoneal dissemination in a xenograft model. In summary, the hypoxia-related microRNA miR-199a-3p drastically inhibits ovarian cancer progression through the downregulation of c-Met expression. Therefore, miR-199a-3p is a potential target for treating ovarian cancer dissemination.
Proportional Microvolume Capacitive Liquid Level Sensor Array (2005)

A sensor array has been developed for use with laboratory automation to permit closed-loop control of liquid levels in a multiwell microplate geometry. We extended a simple electrical model for non-contact capacitance-based fluid sensors to describe a fluid-level dependency. The new model shows that a charge-transfer based capacitance transducer, employing a liquid-specific calibration, can be used to obtain an output signal that varies linearly with the liquid level. The calibration also compensates for liquid-to-liquid conductivity and permittivity differences. A prototype 3×3 sensor array was built and tested using NaCl and ethanol solutions to simulate the range of conductivity and permittivity typical in biological and chemical research. Calibrated output signals were linear with liquid volume for all tested solutions (R<sup>2</sup>>0.92). Measurement error averaged 1.3 % (2.0 μl) with a standard deviation of 6.0% (9.0 μl). These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a microvolume sensor array in essentially any M×N microplate geometry.
Flt3 Ligand–treated Neonatal Mice Have Increased Innate Immunity Against Intracellular Pathogens and Efficiently Control Virus Infections (2003)

Flt-3 ligand (FL), a hematopoetic growth factor, increases the number of dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, and natural killer cells in adult mice but the effect in neonates was unknown. We show that FL treatment of newborn mice induced a >100-fold increase in the innate resistance against infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and Listeria monocytogenes. This resistance required interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta for viral and interleukin (IL)-12 for bacterial infections. Long-term survival after viral but not bacterial infection was increased approximately 100-fold by FL treatment. After treatment, CD11c(+)/major histocompatibility complex type II(+) and CD11c(+)/B220(+) DC lineage cells were the only cell populations increased in the spleen, liver, peritoneum, and skin. DC induction was independent of IFNs, IL-2, -4, -7, -9, -15, and mature T and B cells. The data suggest that FL increases the number of DCs in neonates and possibly in other immune-compromised individuals, which in turn improves IFN-alpha/beta- and IL-12-associated immune responses.
Development of virtual reality exercise of hand motion assist robot for rehabilitation therapy by patient self-motion control (2008)

This paper presents a virtual reality-enhanced hand rehabilitation support system with a symmetric master-slave motion assistant for independent rehabilitation therapies. Our aim is to provide fine motion exercise for a hand and fingers, which allows the impaired hand of a patient to be driven by his or her healthy hand on the opposite side. Since most disabilities caused by cerebral vascular accidents or bone fractures are hemiplegic, we adopted a symmetric master-slave motion assistant system in which the impaired hand is driven by the healthy hand on the opposite side. A VR environment displaying an effective exercise was created in consideration of system's characteristic. To verify the effectiveness of this system, a clinical test was executed by applying to six patients.
Metallindikatoren III. Die Komplexbildung der Brenzcatechin‐3,5‐disulfosäure (= Tiron) mit dem Eisen(III)‐ion (1951)

Abstract Brenzcatechindisulfosäure liefert mit Ferrisalzen zwei blaue komplexe Partikeln von der Zusammensetzung Fe[C 6 H 2 O 2 SO 3 (SO 3 H)], Fe[C 6 H 2 O 2 (SO 3 ) 2 ] − , ein violettes komplexes Anion Fe[C 6 H 2 O 2 (SO 3 ) 2 ] −5 und ein rotes komplexes Anion Fe[C 6 H 2 O 2 (SO 3 ) 2 ]3 −9 . Bei Gegenwart von Nitrilo‐triacetat bildet sich ein blauviolettes „Mischkomplex”︁ Die Bildungskonstanten dieser Assoziate wird mit Hilfe potentiometrischer und photometrischer Methoden bestimmt.
The common rs9939609 gene variant of the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene FTO is related to fat cell lipolysis (2007)

We investigated the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism of the FTO gene in relation to fat cell function and adipose tissue gene expression in 306 healthy women with a wide range in body mass index (18-53 kg/m(2)). Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken for fat cell metabolism studies and in a subgroup (n = 90) for gene expression analyses. In homozygous carriers of the T-allele, the in vitro basal (spontaneous) adipocyte glycerol release was increased by 22% (P = 0.007) and the in vivo plasma glycerol level was increased by approximately 30% (P = 0.037) compared with carriers of the A allele. In contrast, there were no genotype effects on catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis or basal or insulin-induced lipogenesis. We found no difference between genotypes for adipose tissue mRNA levels of FTO, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, perilipin, or CGI-58. Finally, the adipose tissue level of FTO mRNA was increased in obesity (P = 0.002), was similar in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue, was higher in fat cells than in fat tissue (P = 0.0007), and was induced at an early stage in the differentiation process (P = 0.004). These data suggest a role of the FTO gene in fat cell lipolysis, which may be important in explaining why the gene is implicated in body weight regulation.
An efficient algorithm for solving general periodic Toeplitz systems (1998)

An efficient algorithm is presented for inverting matrices which are periodically Toeplitz, i.e., whose diagonal and subdiagonal entries exhibit periodic repetitions. Such matrices are not per symmetric and thus cannot be inverted by Trench's (1964) method. An alternative approach based on appropriate matrix factorization and partitioning is suggested. The algorithm provides certain insight on the formation of the inverse matrix, is implementable on a set of circularly pipelined processors and, as a special case, can be used for inverting a set of block Toeplitz matrices without requiring any matrix operation.
El Euro y el sistema internacional (1999)

El 1 de enero de 1999 el EURO ha sustituido las monedas nacionales de 11 de los estados miembros de la Union Europea. A partir de esta fecha las antiguas monedas quedan convertidas en meras subunidades del EURO o, como reza La Ley 46/1998 de 17 de diciembre sobre Introduccion del EURO, en pervivencia transitoria como unidades de cuenta y medio de pago del Sistema hasta la substitucion fisica de billetes y monedas que debe producirse, de acuerdo con el Reglamento (CE) del Consejo 974/98 de 3 de mayo sobre introduccion del EURO, en el primer semestre del ano 2002. Tal introduccion se ha producido en un momento dificil desde un punto de vista global pues es sabido que el Sistema Monetario Internacional ha sufrido el impacto de las crisis asiatica de 1997, la rusa de 1998 y enfrenta el final de 1998 y principios de 1999 con un tercer acto: la crisis del Real brasileno. Los bajos precios de las materias primas en los mercados internacionales han motivado, al mismo tiempo, que por primera vez en bastantes anos los paises ricos —sobre todo Estados Unidos— esten creciendo mas deprisa que los paises en desarrollo agravando las ya evidentes desigualdades existentes en el mundo y haciendo que los capitales que se habian colocado en los paises emergentes esten volviendo a las Bolsas de Valores de los paises ricos creando, asi, una burbuja especulativa que no sirve para dar tranquilidad al sistema internacional.
Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenol, a Metabolite of a Genetically Engineered Bacterium, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate on Some Microorganism-Mediated Ecological Processes in Soil (1991)

A genetically engineered microorganism, Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), and the plasmidless parent strain, PPO301, were added at approximately 10 CFU/g of soil amended with 500 ppm of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) (500 mug/g). The degradation of 2,4-D and the accumulation of a single metabolite, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), occurred only in soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), wherein 2,4-DCP accumulated to >70 ppm for 5 weeks and the concentration of 2,4-D was reduced to <100 ppm. Coincident with the accumulation of 2,4-DCP was a >400-fold decline in the numbers of fungal propagules and a marked reduction in the rate of CO(2) evolution, whereas 2,4-D did not depress either fungal propagules or respiration of the soil microbiota. 2,4-DCP did not appear to depress the numbers of total heterotrophic, sporeforming, or chitin-utilizing bacteria. In vitro and in situ assays conducted with 2,4-DCP and fungal isolates from the soil demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was toxic to fungal propagules at concentrations below those detected in the soil.
Co‐treatment with quercetin to enhance the chemopreventive effect of green tea in prostate cancer (2010)

The low bioavailability and extensive biotransformation in vivo limit the anti‐cancer potential of green tea polyphenols such as (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG). We found that fifty percent or more of EGCG was present in methylated form (4″‐O‐methyl EGCG) in human prostate tissue after drinking 6 cups of green tea daily and in mouse xenograft prostate tumors after consuming green tea in drinking water. In LNCaP prostate cancer cells, incubated with EGCG, 50% was found in form of 4″‐O‐methyl EGCG. Since EGCG methylation significantly decreased the activity of EGCG to inhibit proliferation and NFkB stimulation, and to induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells, we investigated whether co‐treatment of EGCG with quercetin will decrease EGCG methylation. Co‐treatment of LNCaP cells with quercetin, a natural inhibitor of both multidrug resistance proteins and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), increased the absorption of EGCG 10‐fold in a dose‐dependent manner as well as significantly reduced the methylation of intracellular EGCG by 50%. The co‐treatment exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and COMT compared to EGCG treatment alone. These results support our hypothesis that co‐treatment of EGCG with quercetin decreased EGCG methylation which may increase the chemopreventive effect of green tea. This research was supported by RO1 CA116242.
로그 회귀분석 및 CART를 활용한 수력사업의 CDM 승인여부 예측 모델에 관한 연구 (2015)

청정개발체제(CDM) 사업은 신재생에너지사업의 보조를 통해 지구온난화 가스의 감축을 꾀하는 대표적인 국가 및 기업 간 배출권 거래(cap and trade)제도이다. 재래식 발전 방식에 비해 수익성이 낮은 태양광, 풍력, 수력 등의 사업이 CDM 사업으로 승인을 받으면 매년 탄소배출권(CER)을 제공받고, 이의 판매를 통해 발생한 추가 수익으로 인해 사업 타당성이 향상될 수 있다. 그러나 CDM 사업으로 인정받기 위해서는 환경적, 기술적, 경제적 추가성(Additionality)를 입증해야 하는데, 해당 적용 기술, 베이스라인 측정 방법론, 온실 가스 감축량, 사업 내부 수익률(IRR) 등 다수의 변수에 따라 결과가 달라지기 때문에 사전적으로 승인여부를 파악하기가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 신재생에너지로 분류되는 수력 사업의 CDM 승인여부를 예측할 수 있는 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 구체적으로 UNFCCC에서 제공하는 수력 사업 데이터를 활용하여 로그 회귀분석 및 CART 분석을 실시하여 예측모델을 개발하였으며 이와 함께 승인 여부에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 핵심 인자들을 파악하였다. 구축된 로그 회귀 및 CART 예측모델은 AUC가 각각 0.7674 및 0.7231로 예측 정확성이 비교적 높게 나왔다. 또한 수력 사업에서는 온실가스 저감량 대비 투자액, 시간당 발전량 및 내부수익률이 승인여부에 유의한 변수들로 파악되었고, 이에 비해 특정 기술이나 측정 방법론은 영향이 없는 것으로 드러났다. 즉, 특정 기술을 불문하고 온실가스를 투자 대비 가장 효율적으로 저감하는 사업과 수력사업들 중 상대적으로 소규모로 진행되는 사업이 CDM 사업으로 승인될 가능성이 높다는 것으로 해석된다.
Determination of ethylenediamine in aqueous solutions by ion chromatography (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of ethylenediamine in aqueous solutions by ion chromatographyRichard C. Buechele and Dennis J. ReutterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 12, 2113–2114Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00249a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00249a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complex decorrelation averaging in optical coherence tomography: a way to reduce the effect of multiple scattering and improve image contrast in a dynamic scattering medium (2017)

We demonstrate that complex decorrelation averaging can reduce the effect of multiple scattering and improve optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging contrast. Complex decorrelation averaging calculates the product of an A-scan and the complex conjugate of a subsequent A-scan. The resultant signal is the product of the amplitudes and the phase difference. All these resulting complex signals at a particular location are then averaged. We take advantage of the fact that complex averaging, in contrast to conventional magnitude averaging, is sensitive to phase decorrelation. Sample motion that increases signal phase variance results in lower signal magnitude after complex averaging. Such motion preferentially results in a faster decorrelation of the multiple scattering signal when compared to the single scattering signal with each scattering event spreading the phase. This indicates that we may reduce multiple scattering by implementing complex decorrelation averaging to preferentially reduce the magnitude of the multiply scattered light signal in OCT images. By adjusting the time between phase-differenced A-scans, one can regulate the amount of measured decorrelation. We have performed experiments on liquid phantoms that give experimental evidence for this hypothesis. A substantial improvement in OCT image contrast using complex decorrelation averaging is demonstrated.
Student preception of their schools: An international precpective (2003)

Students in Croatia and the United States were administered by Beck/Basic Quality School Survey determine how they perceived their schools. results indicated that while most students perceived their schools in a positive light, there was a systematic decline in school satisfaction as students progressed through the higher grades.
Extraction, partial purification and properties of obelin, the calcium-activated luminescent protein from the hydroid <i>Obelia geniculata</i> (1974)

1. The Ca(2+)-activated luminescent protein obelin was extracted from the hydroid Obelia geniculata. 2. After the addition of a large excess of calcium (greater than 5mm) a peak in the rate of luminescence occurred within 100ms, followed by an exponential decay (k=2.8s(-1)). The obelin activity (light emitted) was measured by the peak height or by the total number of counts recorded on a scalar in the first 10s after addition of Ca(2+). 3. After an overnight extraction in 40mm-EDTA-200mm-Tris-HCl, pH7.0, 7.2x10(11) counts were obtained from 186g of wet hydroids. 4. The stability of the crude extracts was dependent on pH, being optimal at pH7.0. 5. Obelin could be purified threefold with a yield of 69% by selecting the protein precipitated between 60%- and 100%-saturated (NH(4))(2)SO(4). The precipitate could be stored for at least 6 months as a suspension in 40mm-EDTA+saturated (NH(4))(2)SO(4), pH7.0, frozen at -70 degrees C with a recovery of 95-100%. 6. Luminescence was also stimulated by Sr(2+). However, obelin appeared to have a lower affinity for Sr(2+) than for Ca(2+). Mg(2+) inhibited Ca(2+)-activated luminescence. 7. Obelin could be used to assay as little as 50pmol of Ca(2+) in a final volume of 1ml. 8. At pH7.0 in Ca(2+)-EGTA [ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)tetra-acetate] buffers the rate of obelin luminescence was proportional to the square of the free Ca(2+) concentration in the presence and absence of 1 and 10mm-Mg(2+). Over the range 0.1-10mum-Ca(2+) less than 0.03% of the obelin was consumed/s. 9. In order to use obelin to study free ionized Ca(2+) concentrations similar to those found inside cells in the presence of 10mm-Mg(2+) a minimum of 10(8) counts were required. A total of 10(12) counts can be readily extracted from about 200g of wet hydroids. Thus a sufficient quantity of an aequorin-like calcium-activated luminescent protein should now be available to workers in the United Kingdom in order to carry out physiological experiments.
Dendritic Cells Generated in Clinical Grade Bags Strongly Differ in Immune Functionality When Compared With Classical DCs Generated in Plates (2010)

Mature dendritic cells (DCs) represent, by far, the most potent antigen-presenting cells. The development of clinical grade techniques to produce them in large numbers has rendered possible their use in clinical trials. It is therefore crucial to assess the DCs characteristics according to the methodology used to generate them, to improve the comparison and standardization of these trials. We thus compared DCs generated and matured in culture plates (pla-DCs) or in clinical grade bags (bag-DCs) by analyzing, their secretion of bioactive interleukin (IL)-12 and their capacity to induce in-vitro primary responses. We also used several molecular techniques to better characterize the functional differences between the 2 type of DCs. Mature bag-DCs displayed a mature phenotype, but did not secrete significant amounts of IL-12 and failed to initiate primary immune responses. Molecular analyses performed on immature bag-DCs showed them already engaged in a particular maturation process (early activation of nuclear factor kappa B and beta-catenin). Using microarrays, we found underexpression of receptors for the maturation cocktail in bag-DCs. In mature bag-DCs, we found crucial genes (IL-12, chemokines, and costimulatory and adhesion molecules) down-regulated. Electrophoertic mobility shift assay and Western blots showed a normal activation profile in mature pla-DCs, but not in bag-DCs where the Mek/Erk pathway was still activated. Our results strongly suggest that differentiation of monocytes into DCs in bags generates immature DCs already engaged in an inefficient type of activation, with down-regulation of genes involved in response to the maturation cocktail. This results in mature DCs unable to induce T(H)1-type responses.