gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited restriction in the TCR-alpha beta V region usage of antigen-specific clones. Recognition of myelin basic protein (amino acids 84-102) and Mycobacterium bovis 65-kDa heat shock protein (amino acids 3-13) by T cell clones established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of monozygotic twins and HLA-identical individuals. (1995)

We have analyzed the TCR-alpha beta repertoire specific for a given peptide/MHC complex by using pairs of HLA-identical individuals ranging from monozygotic twins to unrelated individuals to examine the contribution of genetic background and HLA expression in shaping the potential response to a single antigenic epitope. This panel has been previously defined, demonstrating that the concordance of the peripheral TCR-alpha beta repertoires directly correlates to the level of relation and HLA identity. We have analyzed peptide-specific T cell clones derived from T cell lines from these individuals specific for MHC class II-restricted peptides: Mycobacterium bovis 65-kDa heat shock protein (65-kDa hsp) amino acids (aa) 3-13 (DR3-restricted), and myelin basic protein aa 84-102 (DR2-restricted). DNA sequence analysis was used to determine the composition of the TCR-alpha beta V regions. Although the overall TCR-alpha beta repertoires between individuals were diverse, an intra-individual limited restriction was evident. There was also a limited conservation in the response to the different peptides: high frequencies of V beta 2, 4, 7, 19, V alpha 21, and J alpha 17 responded to the MBP aa84-102, whereas these V/J regions were limited or absent in the 65-kDa hsp aa3-13 repertoire. Similarly, V beta 5.1 and J alpha 9 were increased in the 65-kDa hsp aa3-13 repertoire. Within the CDR3s, motifs could be identified that were similar between twins. Furthermore, one of these motifs resembled CDR3s previously found in corresponding animal models. Similarities could also be seen in the CDR3s of T cell clones sharing V gene usage and peptide specificity. Thus, the in vitro response to antigenic peptides seems to be quite heterogeneous overall and individual specific.
Occurence and significance of bonamiasis in European flat oysters Ostrea edulis in North America (1986)

The protozoan blood-cell parasite Bonamia ostreae of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis has caused extens~ve n~ortahties in France, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Spain, and Denmark. The discovery of the disease in 4 oyster populations in North America is the flrst documentation of the disease outside Europe. Ultrastructure of the parasite, inflammatory lesions in the affected oysters, and transmissibility patterns of the disease demonstrate the identity of the disease in Europe and North America. Current studies and reconstruction of historical records trace the origin of the disease to California (USA) and possibly an Atlantic North American site, followed by its spread within North America and to Europe, where it was first described in detail and recognized as a significant cause of oyster mortalities.
Synergistic inhibition of platelet aggregation by fibrinogen-related peptides. (1990)

We have evaluated the ability of the fibrinogen-related peptides Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS), Gly-Gln-Gln-His-His-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (gamma-chain peptide), and Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) to inhibit platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma individually and in combination. When used alone, GRGDS totally inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in platelet-rich plasma; however, the maximum inhibitory effect of the other peptides was less than 80%. The concentrations necessary to inhibit platelet aggregation in plasma by 50% were 100 mumols/l and 1 and 3.2 mmol/l for GRGDS, gamma-chain peptide, and GPRP, respectively. When evaluating the effect of peptide mixtures, we discovered that the combination GPRP + GRGDS worked together synergistically (p less than 0.001, analysis by surface response methodology), whereas GPRP + gamma-chain peptide did not. For example, our analysis indicated that a mixture of 50 mumols/l GRGDS plus 180 mumols/l GPRP would produce 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation. This is an effect twofold greater than that produced by 50 mumols/l GRGDS alone, and one that would require an 18-fold greater concentration of GPRP if used alone. These data indicate that the combination GPRP + GRGDS inhibited platelet aggregation in plasma in a synergistic fashion and suggest the potential value of their combined use in antithrombotic therapy.
Online privacy issues: The other Tim McVeigh (1998)

He has been described as an “outstanding role model” and the “embodiment of Navy core values”.(1) He is a highly decorated Navy officer with a 17-year record of outstanding service, and up 'til recently he was the senior-most enlisted man aboard the US nuclear submarine the USS Chicago.(2) His name is Timothy McVeigh — not the Timothy McVeigh of the Oklahoma City bombing, but the man at the heart of a recent controversy over the gay rights in the military and online privacy issues.
Lower bounds on threshold and related circuits via communication complexity (1994)

Using communication complexity concepts and techniques, we derive linear (/spl Omega/(n)) and almost-linear (/spl Omega/(n/logn)) lower bounds on the size of circuits implementing certain functions. Our approach utilizes only basic features of the gates used, hence the bounds hold for general families of gates of which the symmetric and threshold gates are special cases. Each of the bounds derived is shown to be tight for some functions and some applications to threshold circuit complexity are indicated. The results generalize and in some cases strengthen recent results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Video bandwidth allocation for multimedia teleconferences (1995)

To ensure the quality of a multimedia teleconference, it is essential that sufficient bandwidth be allocated for its use. In this paper a conference traffic model is formulated and link level and conference level congestion measures are derived. Motivated by the advantages of sharing transmission resources in TASI related voice communication systems, an analogous transmission policy for conference videos is proposed. The quantification of conference traffic also enables us to set an admission policy so that the network can accommodate as many conferences as possible without violating conference quality constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of resistance towards biocides following the attachment of micro-organisms to, and growth on, surfaces (2001)

The endpoint method proved robust, enabled the bactericidal effects of the biocides to be assessed against in-situ biofilms, and was suitable for routine screening applications.
Aqueous solubility of permethylsiloxanes (silicones) (1996)

Abstract The aqueous solubility of several low mlecular weight linear, cyclic, and branched permethylsiloxanes was determined at room temperature. A method for preparing molecularly dispersed, colloid-free saturated aqueous solutions is described. Solubilities, decreasing with increased molecular weights, ranged downward from one part per million to mere parts per trillion. The cyclic oligomers were slightly more soluble than their linear analogues. While the effect of branching was mixed, polar groups such as phenyl and hydroxyl moities sharply increased aqueous solubility. Semilog plots of the solubility/molecular weight yielded linear regressions, the extrapolation of which indicate the absence of any environmentally relevant water solubility (&lt; 1 ppt) for the conventional higher molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes of commerce.
Piezoelectric nonlinearity due to motion of 180° domain walls in ferroelectric materials at subcoercive fields: A dynamic poling model (2006)

A mechanism is described whereby 180° domain wall motion can contribute to the electrically induced strain in a ferroelectric material at subcoercive ac electric fields. The field-dependent, largely reversible motion of ferroelectric, 180° domain walls due to an applied ac electric field is considered. The Rayleigh law is modified to describe the piezoelectric response of the system. This results in both a linear dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient on the amplitude of the applied electric field and the creation of a second order harmonic of strain which adds to the electrostrictive response. The model was experimentally confirmed in Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 thin films.
Varied Line-Space Gratings: Past, Present And Future (1986)

A classically ruled diffraction grating consists of grooves which are equidistant, straight and parallel. Conversely the so-called "holographic" grating ( formed by the interfering waves of coherent visible light ) , although severely constrained by the recording wavelength and recording geometry, has grooves which are typically neither equidistant, straight nor parallel. In contrast a varied line-space (VLS) grating, in common nomenclature, is a design in which the groove positions are relatively unconstrained yet possess sufficient symmetry to permit mechanical ruling. Such seemingly exotic gratings are no longer only a theoretical curiosity, but have been ruled and used in a wide variety of applications. These include 1) aberration-corrected normal incidence concave gratings for Seya-Namioka monochromators and optical demultiplexers, 2) flat-field grazing incidence concave gratings for plasma diagnostics, 3) aberration-corrected grazing incidence plane gratings for space-borne spectrometers, 4) focusing grazing incidence plane grating for synchrotron radiation monochromators, and 5) wavefront generators for visible interferometry of optical surfaces (particularly aspheres). Future prospects of VLS gratings as dispersing elements, wavefront correctors and beamsplitters appear promising. I discuss the history of VLS gratings, their present applications and their potential in the future.
Estimation of the COCOMO Model Parameters Using Genetic Algorithms for NASA Software Projects (2006)

Defining the project estimated cost, duration and maintenance effort early in the development life cycle is a valuable goal to be achieved for software projects. Many model structures evolved in the literature. These model structures consider modeling software effort as a function of the developed line of code (DLOC). Building such a function helps project managers to accurately allocate the available resources for the project. In this study, we present two new model structures to estimate the effort required for the development of software projects using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). A modified version of the famous COCOMO model provided to explore the effect of the software development adopted methodology in effort computation. The performance of the developed models were tested on NASA software project dataset<sup>[1]</sup>. The developed models were able to provide a good estimation capabilities.
Single-Phase Liquid Heat Transfer in Microchannels (2005)

The development of advanced microchannel heat exchangers and microfluidic devices is dependent upon the understanding of the fundamental heat transfer processes that occur in these systems. Several researchers have reported significant deviation from the classical theory used in macroscale applications, while others have reported general agreement, especially in the laminar region. This fundamental question needs to be addressed in order to generate a set of design equations to predict the heat transfer performance of microchannel flow devices. A database is generated from the available literature to critically evaluate the reported experimental data. An in-depth comparison of previous experimental data is performed to identify the discrepancies in the reported literature. It is concluded that the classical theory is applicable to microchannel and minichannel flows. The literature reporting discrepancies do not account for developing flows, fin efficiency, erros in channel geometry measurements and experimental uncertainties. It is further concluded that if all these factors are accounted for, the available data have good general agreement with macroscale theories. A similar approach is presented for pressure drop in microchannels in an accompanying conference paper, Steinke and Kandlikar (2005).
Improved Reliability of Electron Devices Through Optimized Coverage of Surface Topography (1973)

Improper coverage of surface topography can lead to a variety of reliability and yield problems in electron devices. The nature of coverage defects and failure mechanisms is discussed, and techniques for improving the reliability by chemical tapering processes and/or optimized film deposition methods are reviewed and classified. Specific examples of experimental conditions are given for obtaining tapered edges of delineated films by chemical and by fusion techniques. Means for achieving improved step coverage by deposited films are also outlined. Several examples of applications to device processing are presented in the experimental part of the paper. A novel electrical process control method utilizing noise measurements in a selected frequency range is demonstrated to be an extremely sensitive tool for rapidly determining variations in the cross-sectional area of conductor films. Experimental results are given to illustrate the applicability of the new method for evaluating taper angles from 3 to 90°.
Alterations in the phosphorylation and activity of DNA polymerase α correlate with the change in replicative DNA synthesis as quiescent cells re-enter the cell cycle (1989)

The regulation of DNA polymerase alpha was examined in quiescent, human fibroblast cells stimulated to re-enter the cell cycle by subculturing in fresh serum-containing medium. The level of DNA polymerase alpha activity was measured in cell lysates and after specific immunoprecipitation. DNA polymerase alpha activity increased approximately 10-fold during the period of measurement. The activity increase was coincident with an approximately 60-fold increase in thymidine incorporation in the whole cells representing the first S phase. The large increase in polymerase alpha activity was not predominantly the result of synthesis of new polymerase, since the abundance of the enzyme changed less than 2-fold over the measured period. The quantity of [32P]phosphate incorporated into two subunits (180 and 68 kilodaltons) of DNA polymerase alpha increased approximately 10-fold in parallel with the increase in polymerase activity. The specific activity of the cellular ATP pool remained nearly constant over the period of measurement, indicating that the increase in labeling reflects a true increase in incorporation of phosphate. Results from other laboratories indicate that phosphorylation of DNA polymerase alpha increases its catalytic activity. Our results then suggest that the activity increase observed in DNA polymerase alpha when quiescent, human fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate is largely caused by a phosphorylation-dependent regulatory process.
BT's video on demand trials (2002)

The first major differentiating service on the information superhighway may well be video on demand (VOD), a term that often includes not only movies and past TV programmes but also transactional services such as shopping, banking, education, training and games, all fully on-demand and all initially aimed squarely at the mass residential market, delivered over telecommunications networks. During 1994, BT ran a technology trial of VOD in Suffolk, UK, for 60 employee customers and is now moving towards launching a market trial of various interactive multimedia services for perhaps 2500 paying customers. The paper looks at the major aspects of BTs implementations of VOD.
Enzalutamide for patients with&nbsp;metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (2015)

Enzalutamide has been shown to be both safe and effective in improving overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer postchemotherapy with docetaxel and as a first line treatment before initiation of chemotherapy. However, additional studies and head-to-head trials are needed.
ObjectiveSharp: automatic conversion of apps from the iPhone to the Windows Phone (2011)

Multiple platforms for mobile devices have seen the light of the day in recent years.It has become almost impossible for companies to develop their apps for all of these platforms.A logical step of the "develop once, run everywhere" paradigm is the creation of a tool which can convert apps from one platform to the other.This thesis describes which steps have to be implemented to develop a tool that can convert apps from the iOS to the Windows Phone platform.This led to the development of ObjectiveSharp, a tool to automatically perform this conversion for simple apps.
Kinetics and mechanism of the KOH — catalyzed methanolysis of rapeseed oil for biodiesel production (2002)

The reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol catalyzed by KOH is described by a model consisting of two sequences of consecutive competitive reactions. The first sequence expresses the methanolysis of rapeseed oil to methyl esters (biodiesel) whereas the second sequence describes the always present side reaction-saponification of glycerides and methyl esters by KOH. The proposed chemical model is described (after rational simplifications) by a system of differential kinetic equations which are solved numerically by two independent computing methods. The thus obtained theoretical kinetic and equilibrium results are compared numerically and/or graphically with the experimental parameters. The latter were obtained by the determination of the relevant components in the actual reaction mixture by analytical methods. According to the experimental results, the proposed reaction scheme is fulfilled with the probability of ca. 78%. The optimal average rate constants and equilibrium constants of individual reaction steps of the discussed scheme are introduced. The limitations of the proposed reaction model are discussed.
Osteoporosis in aging--challenges and opportunities. (2003)

Osteoporosis is a common age-related condition that is largely preventable but frequently undiagnosed until a major life-altering fracture occurs. As the United States (US) population continues to age, managing this disease looms as a major challenge for physicians who care for older adults. It is also a time of excitement and opportunities as more evidence-based guidelines become available for our patients.
Fusion Cubes (2013)

Self-service business intelligence is about enabling non-expert users to make well-informed decisions by enriching the decision process with situational data, i.e., data that have a narrow focus on a specific business problem and, typically, a short lifespan for a small group of users. Often, these data are not owned and controlled by the decision maker; their search, extraction, integration, and storage for reuse or sharing should be accomplished by decision makers without any intervention by designers or programmers. The goal of this paper is to present the framework we envision to support self-service business intelligence and the related research challenges; the underlying core idea is the notion of fusion cubes, i.e., multidimensional cubes that can be dynamically extended both in their schema and their instances, and in which situational data and metadata are associated with quality and provenance annotations.
Quantitative Estimation of Human Immunoglobulins Following Carbamylation by Electrophoresis in Antibody-containing Agarose (1968)

Weeke, B. Quantitative Estimation of Human Immunoglobulins Following Carbamylation by Electrophoresis in Antibody-containing Agarose. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 22, 107-111, 1968. After carbamylation, the human immunoglobulins may be determined by electrophoresis in antibody-containing agarose. The results are compared with values obtained by moving boundary electrophoresis and by immunodiffusion (Mancini). Conformity between the values determined by the various methods was found when determining ‘normal immunoglobulins’, while M-components proved to be higher by the immunological methods.The reproducibility from day to day, in terms of the coefficient of variation, was 3.1% for IgG, 5.5% for IgA and 4.5% for IgM.The serum concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM was determined in 99 healthy subjects. The log. transformed values gave a normal distribution. The 95% range was for IgG 7.15-15.10 mg/ml, for IgA 0.74-3.06 mg/ml and for IgM 0.23-1.33 mg/ml. Women showed lower IgA and higher IgM values than men, but the differences were not significant.
Developmental changes in human γ‐aminobutyric acid<sub>a</sub> receptor subunit composition (1993)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the neurotransmitter at most inhibitory synapses in the human central nervous system. The GABAA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel, is the site of action of benzodiazepines, the most widely prescribed neuroactive drugs. It was recently demonstrated that there are multiple subtypes of GABAA receptors. Studies of rodents have shown that receptor subunits are developmentally controlled. The major alpha subunit of the adult receptor is expressed at low levels before birth. This study, using postmortem human tissue, shows that GABAA receptors are present in significant numbers in the human cerebellum at birth, and the numbers rise threefold by adulthood. Two subtypes of benzodiazepine receptors were detected by binding studies in the neonate, whereas only a single subtype of receptor was detected in the adult cerebellum. Comparison to recombinant human GABAA receptors shows that receptors containing alpha 1 constitute 50% of the receptors at birth and the percentage rises to over 95% by adulthood. In both cerebral cortex and cerebellum, a dramatic rise in alpha 1 messenger RNA was observed during development, suggesting that the complement of GABAA receptors differs in infants and adults. These findings have significant implications for normal neurodevelopment as well as for the understanding and treatment of pathophysiological states such as seizures.
Calgranulin C Has Filariacidal and Filariastatic Activity (1999)

The calgranulins are a family of calcium- and zinc-binding proteins produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and other cells. Calgranulins are released during inflammatory responses and have antimicrobial activity. Recently, one of the calgranulins, human calgranulin C (CaGC), has been implicated as an important component of the host responses that limit the parasite burden during filarial nematode infections. The goal of this work was to test the hypothesis that human CaGC has biologic activity against filarial parasites. Brugia malayi microfilariae and adults were exposed in vitro to 0.75 to 100 nM recombinant human CaGC. Recombinant CaGC affected adult and larval parasites in a dose-dependent fashion. Microfilariae were more sensitive to the action of CaGC than were adult parasites. At high levels, CaGC was both macrofilariacidal and microfilariacidal. At lower levels, the percentage of parasites killed was dependent on the level of CaGC in the culture system. The larvae not killed had limited motility. The filariastatic effect of low-level CaGC was reversed when the CaGC was removed from the culture system. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that human CaGC accumulated in the cells of the hypodermis-lateral chord of adult and larval parasites. The antifilarial activity of CaGC was not due to the sequestration of zinc. Thus, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in the production and release of CaGC in humans may play a key role in the regulation of filarial parasite numbers.