gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Practical Approach to Breast Disease (1995)

In the preface the editors state that their goal is to create a "readable, succinct book on benign and malignant breast disease" so that "the primary care physician could feel comfortable managing common problems, deciding what problems needed referral to the specialists, and providing follow-up care." The book has four editors, representing internal medicine, pathology, radiology, and surgery, and 12 authors, 11 of whom are female. The 21 chapters are divided among three parts. Part 1 contains basic concepts such as anatomy, physiology of the breast, nonmalignant disease, the pathway to cancer, screening, and biopsy of breast lesions. Part 2 deals with evaluation of a variety of clinical problems and situations such as occult lesions, palpable masses, the painful breast, nipple discharge, estrogen replacement therapy, plastic surgery, and the high-risk patient. Part 3 covers treatment and follow-up. Atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ are discussed in one chapter, separately from
Glycyrrhetinic acid-induced apoptosis in thymocytes: impact of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition (1999)

It has been proposed that glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) enhances endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) action by suppressing the metabolism of the steroid. We show here that marked involution of the thymus occurred within 24 h of a single intraperitoneal administration of GA in mice. Thymocytes from mice treated with GA exhibited DNA cleavage and mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, as demonstrated with agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric analysis. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive cells markedly decreased after GA treatment. In contrast to GA in vivo, GA in vitro did not induce apoptosis of cultured thymocytes. These findings suggest that the apoptosis-inducing effect of GA on thymocytes is due to its indirect action. Because GA has been known to inhibit 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD), we measured the enzyme activity in major organs and endogenous corticosterone concentration after GA treatment. The results showed a significant decrease of 11beta-HSD activity (P < 0.0001) and an increase in serum corticosterone concentration (P < 0.005). We concluded that the inhibition of hepatic 11beta-HSD activity by GA has a serious effect on GC metabolism, which results in a significant elevation of systemic GC levels. Apoptosis of thymocytes occurred as a consequence of the elevation in the level of endogenous corticosterone.
A Novel Fluorescence Intensity Screening Assay Identifies New Low-Molecular-Weight Inhibitors of the gp41 Coiled-Coil Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2007)

A metallopeptide-based fluorescence assay has been designed for the detection of small-molecule inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41, the viral protein involved in membrane fusion. The assay involves two peptides representing the inner N-terminal-heptad-repeat (HR1) coiled coil and the outer C-terminal-heptad-repeat (HR2) helical domains of the gp41 six-helix bundle which forms prior to fusion. The two peptides span a hydrophobic pocket previously defined in the literature. The HR1 peptide is modified with a metal-ligated dye complex, which maintains structural integrity and permits association with a fluorophore-labeled HR2 peptide to be followed by fluorescence quenching. Compounds able to disrupt six-helix bundle formation can act as fusion inhibitors, and we show that they can be detected in the assay from an increase in the fluorescence that is correlated with the potency of the compound. Assay optimization and validation have resulted in a simple quantitative competitive inhibition assay for fusion inhibitors that bind in the hydrophobic pocket. The assay has an assay quality factor (Z') of 0.88 and can rank order inhibitors at 10 microM concentration with K(i)s in the range of 0.2 microM to 30 microM, an ideal range for drug discovery. Screening of a small peptidomimetic library has yielded three new low-molecular-weight gp41 inhibitors. In vitro syncytium inhibition assays confirmed that the compounds inhibited cell-cell fusion in the low micromolar range. These lead compounds provide a new molecular scaffold for the development of fusion inhibitors.
Fatty and Rosin Acids, Soaps, and Their Mixtures (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFatty and Rosin Acids, Soaps, and Their MixturesS. H. Maron, I. N. Ulevitch, and M. E. ElderCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 6, 691–695Publication Date (Print):June 13, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 June 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60030a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (592 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Determining the Refractive Index Variation within Panes of Vehicle Windshield Glass (2014)

Abstract Refractive indices of seven double‐paned vehicle windshields were measured to assess the variation across the pane of glass and to evaluate collection techniques for known glass standards by comparing false negative rates. Measurements were made using a Foster and Freeman GRIM 3 instrument, and a minimum of 240 measurements were made per pane. The mean SD of the windshields was 0.00004. It was further determined that collecting a known sample from two different sections of a shattered windshield gave the lowest rate of false negatives when using ± 2 standard deviations to estimate the RI variation of the known glass. Additionally, refractive indices often were highest in the center of the windshield and decreased toward the left and right edges; in approximately half the sample set, the two panes of a single windshield were differentiated by one or more properties.
Imaging soft samples in liquid with tuning fork based shear force microscopy (2000)

We present a study of the dynamic behavior of tuning forks and the application of tuning fork based shear force microscopy on soft samples in liquid. A shift in resonance frequency and a recovery of the tip vibration amplitude have been observed upon immersion into liquid. Conservation of the vibration mode is confirmed by both direct stroboscopic observation and by detection of the tip vibration amplitude of the tuning fork. Thanks to the partial recovery of the Q factor upon complete immersion into liquid, it is possible to obtain high-resolution images on soft samples in liquid. This opens a new domain of applications for tuning fork based near-field scanning optical microscopes.
Somatic cell genetics and flow cytometry (1983)

Human genes coding cell surface molecules can be introduced into mouse host cells using a variety of somatic cell genetic techniques. Because these human gene products can be detected using indirect immunofluorescence on viable cells, the genes themselves can be monitored and manipulated using flow cytometry and sorting. In this paper, we review ways that we have used cell sorting to develop a somatic cell genetic analysis of the human cell surface.
Synthesis of low-temperature benzocyclobutene cross-linker and utilization (2012)

We present the synthesis of a benzocyclobutene based cross-linking reagent that allows a 100 °C lower processing temperature in comparison with typical benzocyclobutenes as demonstrated with the preparation of polyacrylate nanoparticles through the intramolecular chain collapse reaction.
Isolation of the von Willebrand Factor Domain Interacting with Platelet Glycoprotein Ib, Heparin, and Collagen and Characterization of Its Three Distinct Functional Sites (1989)

We have used purified proteolytic fragments of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to characterize three related functional sites of the molecule that support interaction with platelet glycoprotein Ib, collagen, and heparin. A fragment of 116 kDa was found to be dimeric and consisted of disulfide-linked subunits which, after reduction and alkylation, corresponded to the previously described 52/48-kDa fragment extending from residue 449 to 728. Fragment III-T2, also a dimer, was composed of two pairs of disulfide-linked subunits, two 35-kDa heavy chains (residues 273-511) and two 10-kDa light chains (residues 674-728). The 116-kDa fragment, but not the constituent 52/48-kDa subunit, supported ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and retained 20% (on a molar basis) of the ristocetin cofactor activity of native vWF; fragment III-T2 retained less than 5% activity. All three fragments, however, inhibited vWF interaction with glycoprotein Ib. Both 116-kDa and 52/48-kDa fragments inhibited vWF binding to heparin with similar potency, while fragment III-T2 had no effect in this regard. Only the 116-kDa fragment inhibited vWF binding to collagen. These results indicate that dimeric fragments containing two glycoprotein Ib-binding sites possess the minimal valency sufficient to support ristocetin-induced aggregation. The sequence comprising residues 512-673, missing in fragment III-T2, is necessary for binding to heparin and collagen and may be crucial for anchoring vWF to the subendothelium. Immunochemical and functional data suggest that the same sequence, although not essential for interaction with glycoprotein Ib, may influence the activity of the glycoprotein Ib-binding site. Only binding to collagen has absolute requirement for intact disulfide bonds. Thus, the three functional sites contained in the 116-kDa domain of vWF are structurally distinct.
A Novel Deblocking Filter Algorithm in H.264 for Real Time Implementation (2009)

Due to the limitation of computing complexity, it is difficult to apply the H.264 deblocking filter to low-end terminals. Although some technologies to optimize it have been proposed, the complexity is still high for real time implementation. Considering that deblocking filter is applied to all of the vertical and horizontal edges of 4times4 blocks but only some of them actually need to be filtered , in this paper, based on previous encoding or decoding information, we propose a novel deblocking filter algorithm to reduce complexity of exist algorithms by skipping quantities of needless edges. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm has better performance in subjective video quality and time efficiency compared to JM 10.2 algorithm.
The<i>Agrobacterium</i>DNA Transfer Complex (1997)

Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens elicits tumorous growths on plants by transforming plant cells with a segment of its own DNA. This trait led to development of Agrobacterium as a vector for genetic transformation of flowering plants. The transformation process is a unique mixture of several distinct steps, some of which are evolutionarily and functionally related to bacterial conjugation, and some of which converge with eukaryotic cellular processes. Recent work has advanced our understanding of each of these steps. The early reactions in the production of an ssDNA transfer intermediate (T-strand), mediated by the VirD1/D2 proteins, are chemically similar to formation of a relaxosome in bacterial conjugation. The T-strand is coated by the ssDNA binding protein VirE2; however, whether this binding occurs in the bacterium or in planta is disputed. VirB proteins, related to proteins for the conjugal transfer of DNA between bacteria, most likely form the transfer apparatus. VirD2, which remains covalently bound to the 5′ end of the T-strand, and VirE2 both localize to the nucleus of plant cells. VirE2 also mediates the nuclear accumulation of ssDNA but only when the protein is bound to the ssDNA. Genetically, VirD2 is required for faithful integration of the 5′ end and VirE2 for the 3′ end of the T-strand. The steps of the process currently under active investigation are the assembly of the export apparatus and the enzymology of integration.
Designing a Whey Protein Based Material as a Scaffold for Bone Regeneration (2010)

A novel gel material was designed and optimized for use as a bone tissue regeneration scaffold. Whey protein isolate (WPI), the primary component of the material, underwent considerable testing for conformity to a set of known material characteristics required for application in bone regeneration. WPI gels of different compositions were fabricated by thermally inducing gelation of high-concentration protein suspensions, and characterized for compressive strength and modulus, hydration swelling and drying properties, mechanical behavior change due to polysaccharide additives, and intrinsic pore network structure. The gels were also tested for their compatibility with MC3T3-E1 cells, and interactions such as cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, proliferation kinetics, and bone formation, were characterized for gels of different compositions. Some properties of interest were composition- and processing-dependent, while others varied little with such variables. Results revealed that the most favorable mechanical properties could be obtained by using a material of 40% w/v WPI, 10 mM CaCl2, and 0.2 g amylopectin per g WPI. The mechanical properties of this composite approached the ultimate strength necessary for a load-bearing scaffold, and were within one order of magnitude of the lower limit of the necessary compressive modulus. The proper modulus could likely be achieved by converting the conventional composite to a nanocomposite. The observed cell-scaffold interactions were highly suitable. All tested naïve gels and composites supported the adhesion and proliferation of the model cell line for extended culture periods. Amylopectin incorporation decreased initial preosteoblast adhesion but improved the proliferation rate constant – the more important system parameter. Both the naïve gel and the composites enabled cells to differentiate and create bone in vitro, and sustained viability for the length of the 4-week study. The current fabrication technique left insufficient porosity and interconnectivity for a bone scaffold, though the necessary pore size distribution was achieved. The effect of WPI concentration and precursor suspension viscosity on these properties was thoroughly characterized. In order to correct the disparity in properties, a method for electrospinning WPI was developed, and shows great promise. While further studies are required, the developed composite has significant potential for implementation in the industry.
A 500°C tolerant ultra-high temperature 2.4 GHz 32 bit chipless RFID tag with a mechanical BPSK modulator (2017)

We present an ultra-high temperature 2.4 GHz chipless RFID tag capable of operation at temperatures of over 500°C. This tag uses a novel mechanical BPSK backscatter modulator driven by a high speed rotating shaft to telemeter a 32 bit unique ID as a BPSK symbol sequence at a rate synchronous to the rotation of the shaft. The tag integrates a 9 dBi linearly polarized air-dielectric patch antenna. It is a proof of concept for applications in remotely identifying components and measuring rotation rates in high speed, high temperature equipment such as jet engines, industrial turbines, and down-hole oil drilling equipment. To ensure high reliability, there are no switch contacts in this design. Unlike traditional CMOS IC based RFID tags, this tag has no RF power-up threshold and can be interrogated at an extremely low incident power. Unlike SAW and multiple resonator based chipless tags, an unmodulated 2.4 GHz CW excitation is sufficient to read out the digital bit stream from the tag. In laboratory testing, a read range of over 2 m is achieved with an interrogator power of only +5 dBm. At a rotation rate of 206.8 RPM, the tag telemeters data at 110.3 symbols per second. The approach can easily be extended beyond 32 bit IDs.
Real-time reflection on moving vehicles in urban environments (2003)

In the context of virtual reality, the simulation of complex environments with many animated objects is becoming more and more common. Virtual reality applications have always promoted the development of new efficient algorithms and image-based rendering techniques for real-time interaction. In this paper, we propose a technique which allows the real-time simulation in a city of the reflections of static geometry (eg. building) on specular dynamic objects (vehicles). For this, we introduce the idea of multiple environment maps. We pre-compute a set of reference environment maps at strategic positions in the scene, that are used at run time and for each visible dynamic object, to compute local environment maps by resampling images. To efficiently manage a small number of reference environment maps, compared to the scene dimension, for each vertex of the reconstructed environment we perform a ray tracing in a heightfield representation of the scene. We control the frame rate by adaptative reconstruction of environment maps. We have implemented this approach, and the results show that it is efficient and scalable to many dynamic objects while maintaining interactive frame rates.
Metalation of toluene and cumene with alkali metal-crown ether complexes (2009)

Metalation of toluene and isopropylbenzene with alkali metal-crown ether complexes led to the corresponding α-metalated alkylbenzenes. Treatment of the latter in succession with solid carbon dioxide, water, and hydrochloric acid gave carboxylic or dicarboxylic acids in 65–78% yield. Metalation of isopropylbenzene with sodium or potassium crown ether complexes above 90°C was accompanied by cleavage of the polyether ring with formation of organometallic compounds which then reacted with isopropylbenzene to produce 2-sodio(potassio)-2-phenylpropane and open-chain oligoether.
PEGylated HM-3 presents anti-rheumatic bioactivity by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation (2013)

PEGylation improves the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of polypeptide drugs. After PEGylation, the modified HM-3 (PEG-HM-3) exhibited a prolonged half-life in blood. In this paper, we evaluated the anti-rheumatic effect of PEG-HM-3, and investigated the target for angiogenesis and inflammation. The anti-rheumatic activity of PEG-HM-3 was documented in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model. PEG-HM-3 significantly decreased the paw increase percentage and clinical scores, inhibited characteristic signs such as synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, inflammatory infiltration and bone erosion in histological analysis, and reduced bone erosion with the X-ray analysis of the hint paws of rats. The target for angiogenesis and inflammation was assessed with in vivo and in vitro techniques. The in vivo experiments confirmed that PEG-HM-3 decreased the number of blood vessels in rheumatic synovium, reduced the level of serum anti-CII autoantibodies, and decreased the levels of synovial TNF-alpha and VEGF in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The in vitro results confirmed that the anti-angiogenic effect of PEG-HM-3 was mainly achieved through the inhibition of HUVEC migration. PEG-HM-3 inhibited the mitotic effects in the T-cell population. PEG-HM-3 could significantly inhibit the TNF-alpha and VEGF levels in the LPS-stimulated macrophage and the latter effect was stronger than that seen with HM-3. Furthermore, the simulated molecule docking result showed that the RGD motif of PEG-HM-3 inserted into the pocket site of integrin αvβ3, and PEG-HM-3 had a higher predicted affinity with integrin αvβ3 compared to the predicted affinity of HM-3 and integrin αvβ3. This study has uncovered that PEGylate HM-3 could present an anti-rheumatic bioactivity with a less frequent schedule, and PEG-HM-3 exhibited its anti-rheumatic effects by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation. Furthermore, the main targeting site has been confirmed, which explained the changes in the bioactivity of PEG-HM-3.
MODELLING OF INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY UPLINK SIGNAL FOR LOW EARTH ORBITING SATELLITE GROUND STATIONS (2008)

Microsatellites in Low Earth Orbits (LEO) have been in use for the past two decades. Low Earth Orbit satellites are used for public communication and also for scientific purposes. Thus, it may be expected that such missions will be further developed in the near future especially in fields where similar experiments by purely Earth-based means are impracticable. Ground stations have to be established in order to communicate with such satellites, and the quality of communication depends on the performance of the satellite ground station, in addition to that of the satellite. Usually these scientific satellites communicate with ground stations at S-band. The performance of the ground station could be disturbed by intermodulation interference because of permanent presence of uplink signal. Intermodulation products caused by GSM signals and uplink satellite signal are potential to disturb, especially in urban areas [1], [2]. Thus, within these papers the interference of intermodulation products caused by uplink signal and any other radiofrequency signal present in the front end of the ground station’s receiving system is analyzed and then modelled. Based on the modelling concept, the intermodulation interference calculator is introduced as a main application point of these papers.
Use of polymerase chain reaction and rabbit infectivity testing to detect Treponema pallidum in amniotic fluid, fetal and neonatal sera, and cerebrospinal fluid (1991)

The diagnosis of congenital syphilis continues to pose a difficult clinical challenge. Because the serodiagnosis of congenital syphilis has significant limitations, the direct detection of Treponema pallidum in suspect neonatal tissues or body fluids represents a desirable alternate diagnostic strategy. We developed and applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T. pallidum in clinical material relevant to the diagnosis of congenital syphilis but which typically contain factors inhibitory for the PCR. Four methods of specimen processing were examined to circumvent PCR inhibition; clinical materials included amniotic fluids, neonatal sera, and neonatal cerebrospinal fluids. The PCR was 100% specific for T. T. pallidum compared with the sensitive rabbit infectivity test (RIT) for all clinical materials tested. For amniotic fluids, the PCR was 100% sensitive when correlated with the RIT but had a lesser sensitivity when applied to sera or cerebrospinal fluids, which typically contain few treponemes. The combined sensitivity of the PCR for all clinical samples was 78%. Positive PCR results also were obtained among some clinical specimens for which RIT was not performed; these results correlated well with either stigmata or risk factors for congenital syphilis. The combined results suggest that the PCR can be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis and clinical management of congenital syphilis and that it will provide a valuable tool for investigations of the pathogenesis of the disorder.