gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Beat Noise Reduction Method for AOTF (2000)

We solved the problem of beat noise, which is the most significant problem in AOTFs, by introducing a basic principle using our acoustic beat averaging method and confirmed that it enables the application of AOTF in real OADM systems with sub-nano-meter channel spacing.
Effect of Heating Rate on the Microstructural Evolution During Sintering of BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Ceramics (1987)

When compacts of BaTiO 3 powder containing small amounts of uncombined TiO 2 were sintered, marked differences in microstructural evolution were observed under varying heating rates. In fast heating, the liquid formed during heating agglomerated at the center of the specimen and resulted in an inhomogeneous microstructure. A slower heating rate resulted in a homogeneous microstructure.
Recent Advances in Transmission Fibers for Next Generation Optical Network (2013)

This paper discusses the recent development of low-loss ultra-large-area fibers for beyond 100-Gbit/s coherent long-haul systems and their impacts on transmission performance. The performance of state-of-the-arts multicore fibers for space-division-multiplexing transmissions will also be presented.
An Improved Modeling Program for Computing the Torque and Drag in Directional and Deep Wells (1988)

ABSTRACT In directional and deep wells, the torque and drag generated by contacts between the drillstring and the borehole play major roles in the following operations of the well: planning, drilling (trouble diagnosis and prevention), and casing running/setting.They also affect the completion/cementing operation. This paper discusses the shortcomings of the "soft-string" model, which has been widely used in the drilling industry. The soft-string model ignores the effects of drillstring stiffness, stabilizer placement, and borehole clearance. Consequently it generally shows reduced sensitivity to local borehole crookedness and underestimates the torque and drag. An improved modeling program is presented here that combines a BHA (bottomhole assembly) analysis in the stiff collar section, coupled with an improved soft-string model for the remainder of the drillstring. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the difference between this improved model and the soft-string model; and also to justify the approach of the improved model. For deep vertical wells, spiraling of the well can result in very severe torque and drag. Simplified formulas are derived, and examples are given to demonstrate the exponential increases of torque and drag as the well depth increases. In essence, deep vertical wells with spiraling tendencies should be handled as directional wells.
THIRTY YEARS OF GRAPH MATCHING IN PATTERN RECOGNITION (2004)

A recent paper posed the question: "Graph Matching: What are we really talking about?". Far from providing a definite answer to that question, in this paper we will try to characterize the role that graphs play within the Pattern Recognition field. To this aim two taxonomies are presented and discussed. The first includes almost all the graph matching algorithms proposed from the late seventies, and describes the different classes of algorithms. The second taxonomy considers the types of common applications of graph-based techniques in the Pattern Recognition and Machine Vision field.
Using agent-based technology to create a cost effective, integrated, multimedia view of the electronic medical record. (1995)

Image Engine is multi-user, client-server database for the storage, retrieval and sharing of a wide range of digitized biomedical images under development at the University of Pittsburgh. This paper provides an overview of the system and describes the use of agent-based technology to integrate clinical information from the Image Engine database and the MARS clinical information system at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Agent-mediated links provide a mechanism for combining clinical data from multiple databases to create a unified, multimedia view of the electronic medical record.
Oxalate decarboxylase from Collybia velutipes. Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning. (1991)

The oxalate-degrading enzyme oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2), which is inducible by oxalic acid, was purified to homogeneity from a crude extract of Collybia velutipes, a basidiomycetous fungus. Two forms of the enzyme were resolved on chromatofocusing. The two isozymes were shown to be related by amino acid composition, peptide mapping, and immunological cross-reactivity. Peak A, eluting at pH 3.3, was used for further study; the Km was found to be 4.5 mM, and the Vmax was 166 mumol/min/mg. The subunit molecular mass of the glycosylated enzyme was 64 kDa, whereas the mass of the deglycosylated protein was 55 kDa. The enzyme showed an acidic pl, was very stable over a wide pH range, and was moderately thermostable. The cDNA encoding the enzyme was obtained by immunoscreening a lambda gt11 expression library. In vitro translation of hybrid-selected mRNA gave a 55-kDa protein. Genomic Southern hybridization indicated the oxalate decarboxylase is encoded by a single gene. The cDNA probe hybridized to a single 1.5-kilobase pair species of mRNA. The mRNA was shown to be induced by oxalic acid. A temporal relationship between enzyme activity and mRNA levels was observed, thus suggesting that the expression of oxalate decarboxylase is regulated at the transcriptional level.
Performance of recovery architectures in parallel associative database processors (1983)

The need for robust recovery facilities in modern database management systems is quite well known. Various authors have addressed recovery facilities and specific techniques, but none have delved into the problem of recovery in database machines. In this paper, the types of undesirable events that occur in a database environment are classified and the necessary recovery information, with subsequent actions to recover the correct state of the database, is summarized. A model of the “processor-per-track” class of parallel associative database processor is presented. Three different types of recovery mechanisms that may be considered for parallel associative database processors are identified. For each architecture, both the workload imposed by the recovery mechanisms on the execution of database operations (i.e., retrieve, modify, delete, and insert) and the workload involved in the recovery actions (i.e., rollback, restart, restore, and reconstruct) are analyzed. The performance of the three architectures is quantitatively compared. This comparison is made in terms of the number of extra revolutions of the database area required to process a transaction versus the number of records affected by a transaction. A variety of different design parameters of the database processor, of the database, and of a mix of transaction types (modify, insert, and delete) are considered. A large number of combinations is selected and the effects of the parameters on the extra processing time are identified.
Aliasing and blurring in 2-D sampled imagery (1980)

The quality of image reconstructions from discrete data suffers not only from the blurring of spatial detail caused by limitations in the spatial frequency response of electrooptical systems, but also from the aliasing generated if spatial detail has been undersampled. P. Mertz and F. Grey [Bell Syst. Tech. J. 13, 464 (1934)] and O. H. Schade [J. Soc. Motion Pict. Telev. Eng. 56, 131 (1955); 58, 181 (1952); 61, 97 (1953); 64, 593 (1955)] have observed that reasonable spot intensity profiles and photosensor aperture shapes of equivalent size result in about equal blurring but that some profiles and shapes suppress aliasing better than others. This paper presents quantitative results of the magnitude of aliasing and blurring as a function of random radiancefields typical for natural scenes and of spatial responses and sampling intervals typical for TV cameras and optical-mechanical scanners. These results indicate that aliasing may often be a larger source of degradation than either blurring or electronic noise.
Extra-ovarian expression and activity of growth differentiation factor 9 (2009)

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) produced within the ovary plays an essential role during follicle maturation through actions on granulosa cells, but extra-ovarian expression, signalling and actions of GDF9 are less well characterised. The present studies confirm GDF9 expression in the mouse testis, pituitary gland and adrenocortical cancer (AC) cells, and establish its expression in L beta T2 gonadotrophs, and in mouse adrenal glands, particularly foetal and neonatal cortical cells. AC, L beta T2, TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells express the requisite GDF9 binding signalling components, particularly activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5 and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/GDF type II receptor, BMPRII (BMPR2). We therefore compared GDF9 activation of these potential extra-ovarian target cell types with its activation of granulosa cells. Recombinant mouse GDF9 stimulated expression of activin/transforming growth factor-beta-responsive reporters, pGRAS-luc or pAR3-lux, in TM4 and AC cells (IC50=145 ng/ml in the latter case), and two granulosa cell lines, KGN and COV434. The ALK4/5/7 inhibitor, SB431542, blocked GDF9 activity in each case. By contrast, GDF9 lacked specific effects on TM3 cells and rat primary pituitary and mouse L beta T2 gonadotrophs. Our findings show that GDF9 regulates the expression of R-SMAD2/3-responsive reporter genes through ALK4, 5 or 7 in extra-ovarian (adrenocortical and Sertoli) cells with similar potency and signalling pathway to its actions on granulosa cells, but suggest that expression of BMPRII, ALK5 (TGFBR1) and R-SMADs 2 and 3 may not be sufficient for a cell to respond to GDF9.
Performance modeling for concurrent particle simulations (2008)

This thesis develops an application- and architecture-independent framework for predicting the runtime and memory requirements of particle simulations in complex three-dimensional geometries. Both sequential and concurrent simulations are addressed, on a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures. The models are considered in the context of neutral flow Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations for semiconductor manufacturing and aerospace applications. Complex physical and chemical processes render algorithmic analysis alone insufficient for understanding the performance characteristics of particle simulations. For this reason, detailed knowledge of the interaction between the physics and chemistry of a problem and the numerical method used to solve it is required. Prediction of runtime and storage requirements of sequential and concurrent particle simulations is possible with the use of these models. The feasibility of simulations for given physical systems can also be determined. While the present work focuses on the concurrent DSMC method, the same modeling techniques can be applied to other numerical methods, such as Particle-In-Cell (PIC) and Navier-Stokes (NS).
Mathematical Model of Sulfide Precipitation on Oxides during Solidification of Fe-Si Alloy. (2002)

A mathematical model of sulfide precipitation on oxides during solidification is established based on the coupled model of microsegregation and inclusion precipitation, which is also established by the present authors.1) In this paper, sulfide capacity and optical basicity are introduced to calculate the distribution of sulfur between liquid oxides and molten steel during solidification, and the effect of composition of oxides on the precipitation of sulfide is also discussed. The calculated results agree well with the experiment results and data reported.
Gated lateral BJT gas sensor for toluene gas detection under room temperature condition (2012)

A room temperature gas sensor for toluene detection using gated lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was reported in this study. The proposed device which matches a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a BJT was fabricated in a standard 0.35-μm logic process with one-poly and four-metal structure. Then, the 4-aminophthalimide (4AP) dye as a kind of solvatochromic dye which has the charge-transfer (CT) characteristic was used as the sensing membrane. The 4AP dye was immobilized on the floating gate of the gated lateral BJT using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method. We set this kind of gated lateral BJT operating in the MOSFET-BJT hybrid mode. The electric current changes of the lateral BJT with respect to toluene gas concentrations were obtained by using semiconductor test & analyzer (STA).
Abstract 917: High antitumor activity of the ERK inhibitor SCH722984 against BRAF-mutant, NRAS-mutant and wild-type melanoma cell lines. (2013)

Abstract MAPK pathway dysregulation via mutations in proteins such as BRAFV600E and NRASQ61 is a key feature in melanomas, leading to constitutive ERK signaling. Currently, there are no FDA-approved targeted therapies effective in vemurafenib-resistant BRAFV600E mutant, NRAS mutant, or wild-type melanoma. The effect of SCH722984, an allosteric inhibitor of ERK 1/2, was determined in a panel of 53 melanoma cell lines, including wild-type, NRAS-mutant and vemurafenib-sensitive and resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma. 54% (13 of 24) of BRAF mutants, including 4 with innate vemurafenib resistance, were sensitive to SCH722984 with an IC50 &lt;1μM. 100% (3 of 3) of BRAF/NRAS double mutants, 71% (10 of 14) of NRAS mutants and 71% (5 of 7) of wild-type melanomas were sensitive. 13% (5 of 24) of BRAF mutants, 14% (2 of 14) of NRAS mutants and 29% (2 of 7) of wild-type melanomas were intermediately sensitive (IC50 1-1.5μM). Among BRAFV600E mutants with in vitro acquired resistance to vemurafenib, those with MAPK pathway reactivation as the mechanism of resistance were sensitive to SCH722984. Combining vemurafenib and SCH722984 in BRAF mutant melanoma was synergistic in a majority of cell lines, resulting in up to 10-fold decrease in the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and with combination indices (CI) below 1. SCH722984 inhibited phosphorylation of RSK, an ERK downstream target. Finally, long term cultures of two BRAFV600E-mutant cell lines sensitive to SCH722984 showed that treatment with SCH722984 alone or in combination with vemurafenib was more potent than vemurafenib alone and resulted in a significant delay in developing acquired resistance. SCH722984 may therefore be clinically applicable as a treatment for non-BRAF mutant melanoma or in BRAF-mutant melanoma with innate or acquired resistance, alone or in combination with BRAF inhibitors. Citation Format: Deborah J. Wong, Lidia Robert, Mohammad S. Atefi, David Foulad, Earl V. Avramis, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Ahmed A. Samatar, Antoni Ribas. High antitumor activity of the ERK inhibitor SCH722984 against BRAF-mutant, NRAS-mutant and wild-type melanoma cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 917. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-917
LEAF SHAPE MODELING AND ANALYSIS USING GEOMETRIC DESCRIPTORS DERIVED FROM BEZIER CURVES (2003)

Algorithms were developed to extract the leaf boundary of selected vegetable seedlings. The leaf boundary wasfitted with Bezier curves, and geometric descriptors of the leaf shape were then derived. In the boundary extraction phase,a color image of a seedling leaf was first obtained and segmented into binary images. The centroid of each leaf was found,and the boundary signature was determined as a function of radial angle. Points at the leaf apex and leaf base were thenlocated from the curvature of boundary points. These points were used as the initial control points of the Bezier curves to fitthe leaf boundary. Given a mathematical representation of the leaf boundary (i.e., the Bezier function) and the coordinatesof the normalized control points, the shape of a leaf may be quantified and reconstructed. Leaf features, including apex angle,base angle, control line ratios, and fitting error, were subsequently derived from the fitted Bezier curves. These features areindependent of size and orientation. The efficacy of using Bezier curves to model leaf boundary and derivation of leaf featureswas examined by comparing the actual leaf area and the modeled leaf area. Experiments were also performed to demonstratethe use of derived leaf features for plant identification. A classification rate of 95.1% was achieved in classifying four varietiesof vegetable seedlings using a backpropagation neural network. The descriptors derived from Bezier curves provide a meansfor leaf shape description that may be useful for plant identification and growth measurement. Leaf shape modeled by simpleBezier curves also contributes a significant data reduction, compared with that using discrete boundary points, whilepreserving reasonable accuracy.
Gold Supported on Thin Oxide Films: From Single Atoms to Nanoparticles (2008)

[Figure: see text]. Historically, people have prized gold for its beauty and the durability that resulted from its chemical inertness. However, even the ancient Romans had noted that finely dispersed gold can give rise to particular optical phenomena. A decade ago, researchers found that highly dispersed gold supported on oxides exhibits high chemical activity in a number of reactions. These chemical and optical properties have recently prompted considerable interest in applications of nanodispersed gold. Despite their broad use, a microscopic understanding of these gold-metal oxide systems lags behind their application. Numerous studies are currently underway to understand why supported nanometer-sized gold particles show catalytic activity and to explore possible applications of their optical properties in photonics and biology. This Account focuses on a microscopic understanding of the gold-substrate interaction and its impact on the properties of the adsorbed gold. Our strategy uses model systems in which gold atoms and clusters are supported on well-ordered thin oxide films grown on metal single crystals. As a result, we can investigate the systems with the rigor of modern surface science techniques while incorporating some of the complexity found in technological applications. We use a variety of different experimental methods, namely, scanning probe techniques (scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM and STS), as well as infrared (IR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, to evaluate these interactions and combine these results with theoretical calculations. We examined the properties of supported gold with increasing complexity starting from single gold atoms to one- and two-dimensional clusters and three-dimensional particles. These investigations show that the binding of gold on oxide surfaces depends on the properties of the oxide, which leads to different electronic properties of the Au deposits. Changes in the electronic structure, namely, the charge state of Au atoms and clusters, can be induced by surface defects such as color centers. Interestingly, the film thickness can also serve as a parameter to alter the properties of Au. Thin MgO films (two to three monolayer thickness) stabilize negatively charged Au atoms and two-dimensional Au particles. In three dimensions, the properties of Au particles bigger than 2-3 nm in diameter are largely independent of the support. Smaller three-dimensional particles, however, showed differences based on the supporting oxide. Presumably, the oxide support stabilizes particular atomic configurations, charge states, or electronic properties of the ultrasmall Au aggregates, which are in turn responsible for this distinct chemical behavior.
Process dependency of MOSFET depletion mode MOS capacitors in series compensation (2003)

This paper discusses the realization of linear capacitors using two series connected MOS transistors in depletion mode. The efficiency of this approach is compared to poly-metal or poly-poly capacitors for several sub-micron processes. The linearity achievable with this technique is predicted for various sub-micron processes based on BSIM3 models in HSPICE. The simulations revealed a significant variation in capacitance (2% - 10%) over the usable voltage range. Incremental improvements in linearity are observed as the device geometries are scaled down. If the operation of a circuit depends on capacitor ratios only, the non-linearities of the individual capacitors can partially cancel out. Thus, despite relatively large changes in capacitance, the circuits can still achieve a high linearity. This point is illustrated by example of 2 frequently employed switched-capacitor circuits, a non-inverting integrator and a second-order bandpass/lowpass filter section.
Spinal cord injury, spinal fracture, and spinal stenosis in ankylosing spondylitis (1982)

The authors report a retrospective review of 105 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) diagnosed over a 6-year period in Tucson, Arizona. In the series, there were 13 patients with spinal fractures and eight with severe spinal cord injury. Two patients with central cord contusion had no demonstrable cervical spine fracture. Injury was often trivial and dislocation at fractures sites was minimal, demonstrating the extreme fragility of these patients. Spinal stenosis, which has not previously been associated with AS, was documented in three cases. Pseudarthrosis, a destructive vertebral lesion that does not require surgical decompression or fusion, was found in four patients; this entity is believed to originate as a pathological or traumatic fracture. Atlanto-axial subluxation and basilar invagination associated with spinal ankylosis occurred in one patient. The study emphasizes the value of computerized tomography scanning of the spine for diagnosis, and halo-vest application as a nonoperative treatment for cervical immobilization. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy to decompress, reduce, and immobilize unstable spinal lesions may result in reduction of the 29% mortality rate and 45% permanent neurological morbidity rate observed after spinal fracture in this series of AS patients. Because of the high operative complication rate observed, nonsurgical immobilization is the recommended treatment unless spinal dislocation or bone fragment displacement has occurred at the fracture site.
Measuring the change in CBV upon cortical activation with high temporal resolution using look‐locker EPI and Gd‐DTPA (2003)

A method of simultaneously measuring the changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) and T(*) (2) that occur on brain activation with high temporal resolution was developed. The method involves measuring the change in the longitudinal relaxation time (T(1)) that occurs following a bolus injection of Gd-DTPA and converting this measurement to a change in blood volume assuming fast exchange. The sequence was optimized for the measurement of changes in CBV with high temporal resolution. A change in CBV of 27 +/- 4% on activation of the primary visual cortex (V1) was measured across four subjects. The time course of changes in T(*) (2) showed a poststimulus undershoot (P = 0.008) corresponding approximately to a period over which CBV was still elevated above baseline, but falling (P = 0.01). The effects of perfusion, nonfulfillment of the assumption of fast exchange and of intrinsic T(1) changes on activation on the model used to calculate the change in CBV are discussed.