gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical IC Chip toward Artificial Cellular Device. (2000)

The Biochemical IC using new three dimensional micro fabrication technique has been developed by the author's group. The concept of the Biochemical IC proposed by Ikuta in 1993 is completely different from the silicon based micro-TAS (Total Analysis Systems). The biochemical IC is based on modular concept like a today's IC/LSI family. Each biochemical IC chip in disk (or cell) shape contains various kind of functional component such as multiple micro valves, micro chemical condensers (concentrators) and micro reactors. Another uniqueness of this research is using new 3D micro fabrication process to make a hybrid structure suitable for real three dimensional integrated micro fluidic devices. Author's original IH process (micro stereo lithography) was up-graded to make composite structures consisting of UV polymer and other materials. Finally, total system made of various biochemical IC chips were constructed and controlled for many applications.
Rate-Constrained Distributed Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

We consider the distributed parameter estimation in wireless sensor networks where a total bit rate constraint is imposed. There is a tradeoff between the number of active sensors and the quantization bit rate for each active sensor to minimize the estimation mean square error (MSE). We first present an optimal distributed estimation algorithm for homogeneous sensor networks and introduce a concept of the equivalent 1-bit MSE function. Then, we propose a quasi-optimal distributed estimation algorithm for heterogeneous sensor networks, which is also based on the equivalent 1-bit MSE function, and the upper bound of the estimation MSE of the proposed algorithm is also addressed. Furthermore, a theoretical lower bound of the estimation MSE under the total bit rate constraint is stated and it is shown that our proposed algorithm is quasi-optimal within a factor 2.2872 of the theoretical lower bound. Simulation results also show that significant reduction in estimation MSE is achieved by the proposed algorithm when compared to other uniform methods.
Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication <i>in vitro</i> (1988)

Abstract Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic DNA replication have been expedited by the use of cell‐free systems capable of initiation of DNA replication. The system capable of replicating plasmid DNAs containing the SV40 origin of DNA replication in vitro is a paradigm for studies on the replication of other virus DNAs and the replication of cellular chromosomes. This review outlines some of the contemporary issues and developments related to this complex problem.
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange during propylene epoxidation by cytochrome P-450 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen-deuterium exchange during propylene epoxidation by cytochrome P-450John T. Groves, G. E. Avaria-Neisser, K. M. Fish, M. Imachi, and Robert L. KuczkowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 13, 3837–3838Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00273a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00273a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wireless pH‐motility capsule for colonic transit: prospective comparison with radiopaque markers in chronic constipation (2010)

The 87% overall agreement (positive and negative) validates WMC relative to ROM in differentiating slow vs normal CT in a multicenter clinical study of constipation.
Organizing a functional junctional complex requires specific domains of the <i>Drosophila</i> MAGUK Discs large (1997)

Discs large (Dlg) was the first identified member of an increasingly important class of proteins called membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs (MAGUKs), which are often concentrated at cell junctions and contain distinct peptide domains named PDZ1-3, SH3, HOOK, and GUK. Dlg is localized at and required for the formation of both septate junctions in epithelial cells and synaptic junctions in neurons. In the absence of Dlg, epithelia lose their organization and overgrow. We tested the functions of each domain of Dlg in vivo by constructing transgenic flies expressing altered forms of the protein. In the first set of experiments each domain was examined for its ability to correctly target an epitope-tagged Dlg to pre-existing septate junctions. Based on these results the Hook domain is necessary for localization of the protein to the cell membrane and the PDZ2 is required for restricting the protein to the septate junction. In the second set of experiments each domain was tested for its role in growth regulation and organization of epithelial structure. These results show that PDZ1 and GUK are apparently dispensable for function, PDZ2 and PDZ3 are required for growth regulation but not for epithelial structure, and SH3 and HOOK are essential for both aspects of function. The results demonstrate the functional modularity of Dlg and clarify the functions of individual MAGUK domains in regulating the structure and growth of epithelial tissue.
Noise estimation in ECG signals (1988)

A method for the noise estimation in an ECG (electrocardiogram) is described. This method is based on the distribution of the frequencies of the slopes in an ECG waveform. This distribution is compared with the distribution of the frequencies of the slopes of an ECG without noise, applying the chi /sup 2/ test. The method is simple, since no QRS complex detection is needed, and it gives a preview of the noise magnitude present in an ECG, since only the first two cardiac cycles of the ECG are required. The method was tested using real ECGs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abundant High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE-2) Turns into Fuel by Using of HZSM-5 Catalyst (2011)

The thermal degradation of high-density poly- ethylene (HDPE-2) was conducted in a fiber glass reactor system at a reaction temperature between 370 °C and 420 °C and a reaction time of 4 hours using HZSM-5 molecular sieves as catalyst to obtain hydrocarbon liquid fuel. Reactions in the reactor changed the polymer structures breaking down the long chain hydrocarbons to form shorter ones thus forming a hydrocarbon chain range between C3 and C28. The gas chromatography and mass spectrometer were used to determine the range of trace mass hydrocarbon present in the liquid fuel. The presence of the HZSM-5 catalyst accelerated the reaction rate and improved the quality of the liquid fuel produced. The experiment process produced gaseous products in the range of C1-C4 .T o obtain hydrocarbon fuel, gross heat of combustion is 123,845 BTU/gal, API gravity is 53.70 ° API and sulfur contains 3.05 ppm. The liquid hydrocarbon product is mainly alkane and some alkene groups which resemble aliphatic groups and also some aromatic groups are present.
Synthesis of Spiro Diphosphines and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones (2003)

Synthesis of chiral diphosphine ligands containing a spiro scaffold was described. The ruthenium complexes of these spiro ligands were found to have extremely high activities (S/C up to 100 000) and enantioselectivities (ee up to 99.5%) in the asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.
HIV-gp120 activates large-conductance apamin-sensitive potassium channels in rat astrocytes (1995)

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement usually occurs in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Evidence is now accumulating that neurons and astrocytes may be functionally compromised by exposure to viral components or cellular factors released from HIV-1-infected macrophages and/or microglia. We have previously reported that the HIV coat protein gp120 stimulates Na+/H+ exchange in primary cultured rat astrocytes, which, ultimately, results in the activation of a K+ conductance. In this report we characterize the electrophysiological and biophysical properties of the channels responsible for the gp120-induced increase in K+ conductance. These K+ channels had a relatively large unitary conductance (147 pS), were not gated by voltage, were sensitive to changes in H+ concentration at their cytosolic face, were specifically inhibited by apamin, and were insensitive to charybdotoxin and tetraethylammonium. The activation of these channels by gp120 is referable to cellular alkalinization subsequent to Na+/H+ exchange stimulation; gp120 failed to activate these K+ channels in the absence of external Na+ or in the presence of amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange. Subsequent K+ loss from the astrocyte into the restricted extracellular space surrounding neurons can then lead to neuronal depolarization, activation of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, and, eventually, cell death. Thus abnormal activation of astrocyte K+ channels by gp120 may contribute to the CNS pathophysiology associated with HIV-1 infection.
Voltage-controlled current-regulated PWM inverters (for motor drive applications) (1990)

Three types of voltage-controlled current-regulated pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters are proffered as alternatives to the traditional open-loop inverter. Analytical and experimental results that demonstrate the equivalency between the two types of inverter-fed AC motor drives during normal operation, and the superior performance of the voltage-controlled current-regulated PWM controller during overload conditions, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Site‐Selective Disulfide Modification of Proteins: Expanding Diversity beyond the Proteome (2016)

The synthetic transformation of polypeptides with molecular accuracy holds great promise for providing functional and structural diversity beyond the proteome. Consequently, the last decade has seen an exponential growth of site-directed chemistry to install additional features into peptides and proteins even inside living cells. The disulfide rebridging strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective modifications since most proteins contain disulfide bonds. In this Review, we present the chemical design, advantages and limitations of the disulfide rebridging reagents, while summarizing their relevance for synthetic customization of functional protein bioconjugates, as well as the resultant impact and advancement for biomedical applications.
Enhancing VPN security through security policy management (2012)

Most of the early Virtual Private Networks (VPN) connection came from the vendors of networking hardware and software to satisfy one time goal of security in communication in a remote way. The first and foremost of the solution of VPN is to introduce the security protocols like IPSec. IPSec uses cryptography in order to encrypt and authenticate the traffic flowing between point of interest. This is a large set of related protocols operating above the IP layer of the OSI stack, each represented by an RFC specification. It is required that each vendor implements these specifications exactly, in order to be able to interoperate with other vendors. The IPsec access configuration is suffered from non-standardization as the vendors have the liberty of implementing the access requirements that are not restrictive by a specific standard. This paper presents a survey of various VPN categories and some specific products. It outlines the compliance requirement as per various domain specific security policy. The paper shows a successful mechanism to incorporate the compliance requirement into the body of security protocols or firewalls of VPN enhancing the VPN security further as per standard. Such enhanced VPN security satisfies legal bindings as it satisfies the compliance rules/laws of a country. The paper also summarizes the interoperability issues that appear when configuring IPsec on different vendor devices and draws a few conclusions on the level of protocol compliance deciding which VPN solution a customer needs for his/her business.
FcγRIIb mediates amyloid-β neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (2013)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces neuronal loss and cognitive deficits and is believed to be a prominent cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the cellular pathology of the disease is not fully understood. Here, we report that IgG Fcγ receptor II-b (FcγRIIb) mediates Aβ neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. We found that FcγRIIb is significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of AD brains and neuronal cells exposed to synthetic Aβ. Neuronal FcγRIIb activated ER stress and caspase-12, and Fcgr2b KO primary neurons were resistant to synthetic Aβ-induced cell death in vitro. Fcgr2b deficiency ameliorated Aβ-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation and inhibited the reduction of synaptic density by naturally secreted Aβ. Moreover, genetic depletion of Fcgr2b rescued memory impairments in an AD mouse model. To determine the mechanism of action of FcγRIIb in Aβ neurotoxicity, we demonstrated that soluble Aβ oligomers interact with FcγRIIb in vitro and in AD brains, and that inhibition of their interaction blocks synthetic Aβ neurotoxicity. We conclude that FcγRIIb has an aberrant, but essential, role in Aβ-mediated neuronal dysfunction.
A DFA with Extended Character-Set for Fast Deep Packet Inspection (2011)

Deep packet inspection (DPI), based on regular expressions, is expressive, compact, and efficient in specifying attack signatures. We focus on their implementations based on general-purpose processors that are cost-effective and flexible to update. In this paper, we propose a novel solution, called deterministic finite automata with extended character-set (DFA/EC), which can significantly decrease the number of states through slightly extending the character-set. Different from existing state reduction algorithms, our solution requires only a single memory access for each byte in the traffic payload, which is the minimum. We perform experiments with the Snort rule-sets. Results show that, compared to DFA, a DFA/EC can be over four orders of magnitude smaller, has smaller memory bandwidth, and runs faster. We believe that DFA/EC will lay a groundwork for a new type of state compression technique in fast packet inspection.
Contribution of the 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Ruminococcus gnavus N53 to ursodeoxycholic acid formation in the human colon (2013)

Bile acid composition in the colon is determined by bile acid flow in the intestines, the population of bile acid-converting bacteria, and the properties of the responsible bacterial enzymes. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is regarded as a chemopreventive beneficial bile acid due to its low hydrophobicity. However, it is a minor constituent of human bile acids. Here, we characterized an UDCA-producing bacterium, N53, isolated from human feces. 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified this isolate as Ruminococcus gnavus, a novel UDCA-producer. The forward reaction that produces UDCA from 7-oxo-lithocholic acid was observed to have a growth-dependent conversion rate of 90-100% after culture in GAM broth containing 1 mM 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, while the reverse reaction was undetectable. The gene encoding 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH), which facilitates the UDCA-producing reaction, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Characterization of the purified 7β-HSDH revealed that the kcat/Km value was about 55-fold higher for the forward reaction than for the reverse reaction, indicating that the enzyme favors the UDCA-producing reaction. As R. gnavus is a common, core bacterium of the human gut microbiota, these results suggest that this bacterium plays a pivotal role in UDCA formation in the colon.
Focus on caring (1992)

FOCUS has been keeping an eye on recent developments related to elderly people and mental health. James Marr reports.
Theoretical Study of Very High Spin Organic π-Conjugated Polyradicals (2007)

Different forms of pi-conjugated polyarylmethyl systems, such as diradicals, polyradicals, spin clusters, and polymers, were studied with valence bond (VB) calculations within the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) framework. For these systems, the energy gap between the high-spin ground state and the lowest low-spin excited state (DeltaE(L-H)) was computed and found to correlate well with their stability. On the basis of our analysis, medium-sized polyarylmethyl cycles are suggested to be potential key building blocks of very high spin spin clusters and polymers.
The Potential of Silver Nanoparticles for Antiviral and Antibacterial Applications: A Mechanism of Action (2020)

Rapid development of nanotechnology has been in high demand, especially for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) since they have been proven to be useful in various fields such as medicine, textiles, and household appliances. AgNPs are very important because of their unique physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, with a myriad of activities that are applicable in various fields, including wound care management. This review aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AgNPs that are responsible for their antiviral properties and their antibacterial activity towards the microorganisms. AgNPs can be synthesized through three different methods-physical, chemical, and biological synthesis-as indicated in this review. The applications and limitations of the AgNPs such as their cytotoxicity towards humans and the environment, will be discussed. Based on the literature search obtained, the properties of AgNPs scrutinizing the antibacterial or antiviral effect shown different interaction towards bacteria which dependent on the synthesis processes followed by the morphological structure of AgNPs.
The Role of Complement Activation in Hypersensitivity to Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil®) (2000)

Liposomal formulations of some drugs, most importantly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®), have been reported to cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions that cannot be explained with the conventional paradigm of IgE-mediated (type I) allergy. Here we present a rationale and experimental evidence for the concept that these reactions represent a novel type of drug-induced hypersensitivity that can be called complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). The theoretical foundation includes the facts that 1) some liposomes have been known to activate C, 2) most of the clinical symptoms of liposome-induced reactions coincide with those caused by C activation by other activators, and 3) the C mechanism explains those manifestations which are atypical for type 1 reactions. The experimental evidence includes the observations that 1) Doxil caused massive C activation in a high ratio (4/10) of normal human sera, 2) high dose IgG attenuated Doxil-induced C activation in serum and prevented further C activation by amplification, and 3) intravenous injection of therapeutically relevant doses of Doxil in pigs caused significant pulmonary hypertension with consequent systemic hypotension and decline of cardiac output, which changes mimicked the cardiovascular manifestations of the human reaction and were shown to be triggered by C activation. As for the question how Doxil, a long-circulating “stealth” liposome formulation, avoids phagocytic uptake by macrophages despite its potential opsonization by C3b, we demonstrated efficient inactivation of Doxil-bound and free C3b to iC3b in human serum. Thus, it is unlikely that PEG would interfere with CD11b/CD18-mediated phagocytosis by inhibiting the formation of its main ligand, iC3b.
The Significance of Leukemia Clusters (1968)

In a Chicago suburb childhood leukemia suddenly increases by a factor of five. In Texas three cases occur almost simultaneously within a half-mile circle. In Arizona four people connected with a village school contract the disease. Do these clusters hold new clues to the puzzling natural history of leukemia? A special program of the Public Health Service is seeking the answer to this question.
Prescriptions of Anxiolytics and Hypnotics/Sedatives among Elderly Patients with Psychiatric Illnesses (2020)

目的：近年來世界各國老年人使用抗焦慮劑、鎮靜安眠藥物日漸普及，其臨床適應症與使用的安全性成為重要議題。研究主要目的乃藉由個案醫院之資料進行分析，以瞭解該院老年人抗焦慮劑、鎮靜安眠藥物處方態樣。方法：回溯性資料庫研究，分析某一精神專科醫院門診健保資料庫，針對65歲以上人口為研究對象，探討2006年至2015年老年人抗焦慮劑、鎮靜安眠藥物之處方趨勢與型態，並以Cochran-Armitage test進行趨勢雙尾檢定。結果：於2006至2015年間，老年人每人每年抗焦慮劑、鎮靜安眠藥物處方箋佔率由65.21%下降至60.99%（p＜0.0001）。其中，抗焦慮劑由31.45%顯著增加至35.07%（p＜0.001），而鎮靜安眠藥物則由56.55%顯著下降至52.53%（p＜0.05）。羅吉斯迴歸分析顯示，於抗焦慮劑、鎮靜安眠藥物的使用，高年及女性有較低的開立機率，但是有重大傷病的患者有較高的開立機率。結論：抗焦慮劑、鎮靜安眠藥物對於治療老年失眠及焦慮等精神疾患扮演著重要的角色，然其使用相關因子及副作用與安全性分析，仍需要更多研究，以期在臨床使用中兼顧藥物療效與安全，同時增進老年病人之藥物治療品質與用藥安全。
Respiratory Failure (1987)

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Division of Critical Care Emory University Medical School Atlanta, GA 30303
Integrated-optic implementation of a confocal scanning optical microscope (1993)

A confocal scanning optical microscope implemented in an integrated-optic structure is demonstrated. The compact nature of the device proves to be more suitable for environments where mechanical shock can result in optical misalignment of discrete components. The device is implemented in a thin-film optical waveguide with optical fiber connections for light input and output. An objective lens and focusing beam splitter are incorporated into the waveguide structure to form the sensing head of the microscope. The fabrication of the device is discussed, and both intensity and differential contrast images are presented to demonstrate the device operation. The confocal imaging characteristics of the microscope are also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of Brewer's Yeasts by Wheat Purothionins (1974)

Purothionins are basic polypeptides with antimicrobial properties that are present in the endosperm of wheat and other Gramineae. Susceptibility to crude and electrophoretically purified purothionins among brewing starters has been investigated. Seven yeast strains of Saccharomyces uvarum (syn. carlsbergensis), four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and four wild strains (Saccharomyces spp.) have been tested in three culture media. All the strains were susceptible to the crude preparation in a yeast extract-glucose medium. Determinations of minimal inhibitory and biocidal concentrations yielded double end points in about half of the assays. The highest sensitivity to purothionins was obtained in malt extract medium. Sensitivity to electrophoretically purified purothionins was of the same order or smaller than to the crude preparation. Possible explanations for this unexpected result are presented.