gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for a general-purpose microprocessor (1989)

The authors examine the performance, cost, and schedule tradeoffs made for the NS 32532, a 32-bit general-purpose microprocessor. Among its features are a 30-MHz clock frequency, three on-chip caches, a four-stage pipeline, and dedicated mechanisms for multiprocessing support. The authors describe the design constraints set by the VLSI processing and packaging technologies. They address the issue of market requirements by examining the software and hardware considerations for the microprocessor's target applications. After describing the functional partitioning choices, including the means for supporting a memory hierarchy and floating-point operations, they present the NS32532's microarchitecture. They then examine the microprocessor's system interface, the memory reference transactions, and the instruction-flow and data-flow monitoring mechanisms. Finally, the authors present an overview of the methodology adopted to accomplish the design within a strict schedule while achieving full functionality and meeting cost and performance goals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Density and temperature dependence of the rotational Raman gain in N2 (1985)

Rotational stimulated Raman scattering in N 2 was recently observed 1 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory when the Nova beam was propagated through 100 m of air. Stimulated Raman scattering in N 2 will limit the maximum intensity that can be transmitted by air if the frequency and divergence of the laser are to remain unchanged. Modeling of this process requires knowledge of the Raman gain as a function of density and temperature for the N 2 Raman lines. Using stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy, we have measured the temperature dependence of the density broadening coefficient for the Stokes branch rotational lines of N 2 . At 295 K, our experimental broadening coefficients are in agreement with the corrected ab initio theory. 2 The absolute value of the S (10) gain coefficient was determined by ratioing the N 2 gain to that observed for the S (0) transition in H 2 . From these data, we have calculated the temperature, wavelength, and J dependence of the Raman gain coefficient in the high density limit, which is in agreement with the value derived from the Livermore experiments.
Comprehensive Moisture Diffusion Characteristics of Epoxy Molding Compounds Over Solder Reflow Process Temperature (2010)

We address moisture diffusion in epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) at temperatures higher than 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C. The objectives of this paper are thus: 1) to obtain diffusion properties of EMCs in both absorption and desorption modes at a wide range of temperatures; 2) to establish a non-Fickian correlation for diffusivity; and 3) to assess moisture diffusion behaviors during a solder reflow process, described by two different Fickian diffusivities of absorption and desorption and the non-Fickian diffusivity. An experimental procedure is established to measure the diffusivity and solubility of selected EMC materials. The results are utilized in a numerical simulation to analyze the effect of the non-Fickian diffusion characteristics on the moisture distribution during the reflow process.
An inexpensive and efficient synthetic method for the preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride promoted by ionic liquid (2010)

In this article, pyromellitic dianhydride could be successfully obtained in 76.7% total yield by an aerobic oxidation of 1,4-bis(chloromethyl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene or 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)-2,4dimethylbenzene catalyzed by VO(acac)2/Cu(2-Eth)2/DABCO in [hmim]OTf and a subsequent dehydration of pyromellitic acid upon heating with acetic anhydride. The starting materials including 1,2-bis(chloromethyl)-4,5-dimethylbenzene were prepared by dichloromethylation of their corresponding xylene catalyzed by [C12mim]Br in aqueous media.
Effects of a Counterirritant on Muscular Distress in Patients with Arthritis (1971)

Fourteen patients suffering from osteoarthritis, and sixteen patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were tested electromyographically and subjectively regarding pain in the joints and surrounding muscles. Electromyographic readings of muscle action potential were taken both before and after a topical analgesic and placebo were applied to the sore joints. The electromyographic data indicated that the placebo did not lower muscle action potential, but that the rubefacient significantly lowered muscle action potential (p <.001). Subjective data gathered from the thymometer indicated that the application of the placebo cream to the shoulder, elbow, and wrist produced a nonsignificant drop in decibel values. For the shoulder, elbow, and wrist receiving the active medication, a significant decrease in estimated pain was observed (p = .04, p<.002, p<.001, respectively). Data from the subjective questionnaire indicated that 1) the application of the active medication produced a sensation of warmth and reduction of pain, and 2) the application of the placebo did not produce a feeling of warmth or reduction of pain.
Patient Selection in the Treatment of Glabellar Wrinkles With Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection (1997)

Glabellar wrinkles may be satisfactorily treated with Botox injection into the corrugator supercilii muscles. Improvement is temporary, dose dependent, and may not be seen in some patients even with successful denervation of the treated muscles. Clinicians may begin treatment with a dose of 10.0 MU of Botox into each corrugator muscle, and may select candidates for injection by determining the type of wrinkle to be treated and its spreadability (glabellar spread test).
Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone. (1992)

We expressed human MDR1 cDNA isolated from the human adrenal gland in porcine LLC-PK1 cells. A highly polarized epithelium formed by LLC-GA5-COL300 cells that expressed human P-glycoprotein specifically on the apical surface showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype and had 8.3-, 3.4-, and 6.5-fold higher net basal to apical transport of 3H-labeled cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, respectively, compared with host cells. But progesterone was not transported, although it inhibited azidopine photoaffinity labeling of human P-glycoprotein and increased the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant cells to vinblastine. An excess of progesterone inhibited the transepithelial transport of cortisol by P-glycoprotein. These results suggest that cortisol and aldosterone are physiological substrates for P-glycoprotein in the human adrenal cortex and that substances that efficiently bind to P-glycoprotein are not necessarily transported by P-glycoprotein.
Aqueous proton NMR relaxation enhancement by manganese(II) macrocyclic complexes: structure-relaxivity relationships (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous proton NMR relaxation enhancement by manganese(II) macrocyclic complexes: structure-relaxivity relationshipsSusan C. Jackels, Melinda M. Durham, James E. Newton, and Todd C. HenningerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 2, 234–239Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00028a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (823 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Output-Sensitive Algorithm for Computing Visibility Graphs (1991)

The visibility graph of a set of nonintersecting polygonal obstacles in the plane is an undirected graph whose vertex set consists of the vertices of the obstacles and whose edges are pairs of vertices $(u,v)$ such that the open line segment between u and v does not intersect any of the obstacles. The visibility graph is an important combinatorial structure in computational geometry and is used in applications such as solving visibility problems and computing shortest paths. This paper presents an algorithm that computes the visibility graph of a set of obstacles in time $O(E + n\log n)$, where E is the number of edges in the visibility graph and n is the total number of vertices in all the obstacles.
Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons (1995)

Microbial transformations of cyclic hydrocarbons have received much attention during the past three decades. Interest in the degradation of environmental pollutants as well as in applications of microorganisms in the catalysis of chemical reactions has stimulated research in this area. The metabolic pathways of various aromatics, cycloalkanes, and terpenes in different microorganisms have been elucidated, and the genetics of several of these routes have been clarified. The toxicity of these compounds to microorganisms is very important in the microbial degradation of hydrocarbons, but not many researchers have studied the mechanism of this toxic action. In this review, we present general ideas derived from the various reports mentioning toxic effects. Most importantly, lipophilic hydrocarbons accumulate in the membrane lipid bilayer, affecting the structural and functional properties of these membranes. As a result of accumulated hydrocarbon molecules, the membrane loses its integrity, and an increase in permeability to protons and ions has been observed in several instances. Consequently, dissipation of the proton motive force and impairment of intracellular pH homeostasis occur. In addition to the effects of lipophilic compounds on the lipid part of the membrane, proteins embedded in the membrane are affected. The effects on the membrane-embedded proteins probably result to a large extent from changes in the lipid environment; however, direct effects of lipophilic compounds on membrane proteins have also been observed. Finally, the effectiveness of changes in membrane lipid composition, modification of outer membrane lipopolysaccharide, altered cell wall constituents, and active excretion systems in reducing the membrane concentrations of lipophilic compounds is discussed. Also, the adaptations (e.g., increase in lipid ordering, change in lipid/protein ratio) that compensate for the changes in membrane structure are treated.
Chemistry and physiological properties of gymnemic acid, the antisaccharine principle of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry and physiological properties of gymnemic acid, the antisaccharine principle of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestreWalter StoecklinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 4, 704–708Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60164a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60164a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction to information extraction (1999)

In recent years, analysts have been confronted with the increasing availability of ondline sources of information in the form of naturaldlanguage texts. This increased accessibility of textual information has led to a corresponding interest in technology for processing this text automatically to extract taskdrelevant information. This demand for a technological solution to the need to deal with the oftendoverwhelming quantity of available information has stimulated the development of the field of Information Extraction. This article provides an overview of the problems addressed, current approaches toward solutions, and assesses the state of the art and its potential for future progress.
Improved Formulations of the Heliothis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus1 (1976)

Journal Article Improved Formulations of the Heliothis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Get access D. L. Bull, D. L. Bull Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, College Station, TX 77840 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Ridgway, R. L. Ridgway 2 Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, College Station, TX 77840 2Present address: National Program Staff, Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville. Md. 20705. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. S. House, V. S. House Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, College Station, TX 77840 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. W. Pryor N. W. Pryor Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, College Station, TX 77840 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 69, Issue 6, 1 December 1976, Pages 731–736, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/69.6.731 Published: 01 December 1976 Article history Received: 19 May 1976 Published: 01 December 1976
Performance Evaluation of Storage-Independent Model for SPARQL-to-SQL Translation Algorithms (2011)

This paper describes the performance evaluation of a storage-independent model used for SPARQL-to-SQL translation algorithms. Recently, several web ontology languages have been developed for realizing Semantic Web. In particular, query language and web ontology storages based on RDB have been developed for searching and managing web ontology data. Among the proposed query languages, SPARQL is the most representative. However, SPARQL cannot be used to search data in an RDB. To solve this problem, an SPARQL query must be translated to an SQL query (SQL is the RDB query language). Recently, several translation algorithms have been proposed for SPARQL-to-SQL translation. However, the disadvantage of these algorithms is that they are dependent on the storage structure. We have previously developed a model for storage-independent translation algorithms. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a storage-dependent model and a storage-independent model and discuss the obtained results.
Stepwise biosynthesis in vitro of globin genes from globin mRNA by DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. (1976)

Two approaches have been explored for the synthesis of double-stranded DNA from single-stranded DNA template complementary to rabbit 9S globin mRNA (cDNA). (i) cDNA was elongated with dCMP or dTMP homopolymeric tracts using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.31; nucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase). cDNA-dC, in the presence of an oligo(dG)10 primer, was an efficient template with either DNA polymerase of Escherichia coli (EC 2.7.7.7; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase) or RNA-directed DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. cDNA-dT [ with an oligo(dA)10 primer] functioned as template only with E. coli polymerase. (ii) cDNA, without homopolymeric tails, was also efficiently copied in the absence of oligonucleotide primer, by DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus or of E. coli. The product of the reaction consisted of long hairpin molecules which could be converted into DNA duplex (melting temperature, 93 degrees) by digestion with single-strand nuclease S1. The data indicate that a loop structure on the 3' end of cDNA allowed DNA synthesis to take place by a "self-priming" mechanism. Some of the double-stranded DNA synthesized corresponded to the entire sequence of the 9S mRNA template. The synthesis of full-length double-stranded DNA from mouse globin mRNA and immunoglobulin light chain mRNA is also discussed.
Day-ahead Trading of Aggregated Energy Flexibility (2018)

Flexibility of small loads, in particular from Electric Vehicles (EVs), has recently attracted a lot of interest due to their possibility of participating in the energy market and the new commercial potentials. Different from existing work, the aggregation technique proposed in this paper produces flexible aggregated loads from EVs taking into account technical market requirements. The flexible aggregated loads can be further traded in the day-ahead market by a Balance Responsible Party (BRP) via the so-called flexible orders. As a result, the BRP can achieve more than 19% cost reduction in energy purchase based on the 2017 real electricity prices from Danish electricity market.
Motion corrected water/fat whole‐heart coronary MR angiography with 100% respiratory efficiency (2019)

The feasibility of a novel motion-corrected water/fat CMRA approach has been demonstrated at 3T, producing images comparable to a reference gated acquisition, but in a shorter and predictable scan time.
p75 nerve growth factor receptor modulates p140<sup><i>trk</i>A</sup> kinase activity, but not ligand internalization, in PC12 cells (1994)

The biological activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to be mediated by the p140trkA receptor tyrosine kinase, while the role of the p75 NGF receptor (p75NGFR) is still unresolved. Here we have investigated the relative contribution of p140trkA and p75NGFR to early consequences of NGF binding: ligand internalization, p140trkA autophosphorylation, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLC gamma-1), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). It was found that NGF internalization was neither prevented by blocking p140trkA activity using the protein kinase inhibitors methylthioadenosine, staurosporine, and K-252a, nor by inhibiting NGF binding to p75NGFR with antibodies. However, when NGF binding to p140trkA was reduced by the use of a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 36-53 of human p140trkA, internalization of NGF was decreased. Thus, at least in PC12 cells, internalization appears to require binding of NGF to p140trkA, but occurs irrespective of p140trkA kinase activity and ligand occupancy of p75NGFR. The NGF triple mutant Lys-32/Lys-34/Glu-35 to Ala, which has been demonstrated to bind to p140trkA, but not to p75NGFR, induced tyrosine phosphorylation more rapidly than wild-type NGF. Likewise, NGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was accelerated when NGF binding to p75NGFR was prevented with REX-IgG. These findings indicate that NGF bindign by p75NGFR may modulate NGF-induced p140trkA kinase activity.
The mechanism by which glucose increases fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cyclic-AMP-dependent activation of phosphofructokinase 2 (1984)

When glucose was added to a suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stationary phase, it caused a transient increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP and a more persistent increase in the concentration of hexose 6-phosphate and of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. These effects of glucose on cyclic AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate but not that on hexose 6-phosphate were greatly decreased in the presence of 0.15 mM acridine orange or when a temperature-sensitive mutant deficient in adenylate cyclase was used at the restrictive temperature. Incubation of the cells in the presence of dinitrophenol and in the absence of glucose increased the concentration of both cyclic AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, but with a minimal change in that of hexose 6-phosphate. Glucose induced also in less than 3 min a severalfold increase in the activity of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and this effect was counteracted by the presence of acridine orange. When a cell-free extract of yeast in the stationary phase was incubated with ATP-Mg and cyclic AMP, there was a 10-fold activation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase. Finally, the latter enzyme was purified 150-fold and its activity could then be increased about 10-fold upon incubation with ATP-Mg and the catalytic subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. This activation resulted from a 4.3-fold increase in V and a 2-fold decrease in Km. Both forms of the enzyme were inhibited by sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. From these results it is concluded that the effect of glucose in increasing the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in S. cerevisiae is mediated by the successive activation of adenylate cyclase and of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase and by the phosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase by the latter enzyme. In deep contrast with what is known of the liver enzyme, yeast 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase is activated by phosphorylation instead of being inactivated.
Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single Cobalt Nanocluster (2001)

Using a new micro-SQUID setup, we investigate magnetic anisotropy in a single 1000-atom cobalt cluster. This system opens new fields in the characterization and understanding of the origin of magnetic anisotropy in such nanoparticles. For this purpose, we report three-dimensional switching field measurements performed on a 3 nm cobalt cluster embedded in a niobium matrix. We are able to separate the different magnetic anisotropy contributions and evidence the dominating role of the cluster surface.