gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of In Vivo Electroporation to Cancer Gene Therapy (2003)

Much intensive research has gone into the development of safe and efficient methods for the delivery of therapeutic genes. In vivo electroporation is a non-viral delivery protocol in which plasmid DNA solutions are injected into targeted tissues, followed by electric pulses (typically 100 V, 50 ms). In general, in vivo electroporation enhances gene expression in targeted tissues by 2-3 orders of magnitude, as compared to the injection of plasmid DNA solutions without electric pulses, and the tissue damage appears to be minimal. Among the other advantages of this technique are that it can safely be administered repeatedly, and it is simpler and more economical to use than viral vectors, especially in clinical cases. Using this approach, highly efficient gene transfer has already been achieved in muscle and liver as well as in tumors. In fact, gene therapies for cancer utilizing in vivo electroporation have been proved effective in a number of experimental murine tumor models. The therapeutic genes delivered in those cases were diverse including, for example, cytokine genes (IL-12) and cytotoxic genes (TRAIL), making possible a wide range of therapeutic strategies. Moreover, systemic antitumor effects were also observed, suggesting that this approach may be effective for the treatment of metastatic as well as primary tumors.
Oriented Immobilization of Farnesylated Proteins by the Thiol‐Ene Reaction (2010)

Anchoring the protein: Proteins were immobilized rapidly under mild conditions by thiol-ene photocoupling between S-farnesyl groups attached to a genetically encodable “CAAX-box” tetrapeptide sequence (A is aliphatic) at the C terminus of the protein and surface-exposed thiols (see scheme). This method enables the oriented covalent immobilization of proteins directly from expression lysates without additional purification or derivatization steps. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Regeneration from mature and immature embryos and transient gene expression via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schuble). (2002)

The present study establishes a regeneration protocol and optimizes conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the tetraploid emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccum. Regeneration from mature and immature embryos was accomplished as a two-step process involving callus induction in the presence of 2,4-D followed by regeneration on a 2,4-D free, cytokinin-containing medium (RM1). Higher concentrations of 2,4-D (4 mg/l) though conducive for callusing (89.39% in mature embryos and 96% in immature embryos) proved detrimental for further regeneration. At lower 2,4-D (1 mg/ml) although callusing was suboptimal, (56.8% and 84% from mature and immature embryos, respectively) the regeneration response was the highest on RM1 medium (64.4% and 56.6% from mature and immature embryos, respectively). Overall, the regeneration response of immature embryos was lower than the mature embryos by 10-12%. Due to the ease of availability of mature embryos the mature embryo-derived calli were chosen as the target tissue for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in the two Indian varieties DDK1001 and DDK1009. Histochemical GUS expression revealed the suitability of the mature embryo-derived calli for such investigations. Of the CaMV35S and Act1 promoters employed, the monocot promoter Act1 displayed higher GUS gene activity in the mature embryo derived calli when co-cultivated with LBA4404 (pBI101::Act1).
Reduced neural synchronization of gamma-band MEG oscillations in first-degree relatives of children with autism (2008)

These findings, especially in first degree relatives, suggest that gamma-band phase consistency and changes in induced versus induced power may be potentially useful endophenotypes for autism, particularly given emerging molecular mechanisms concerning the generation of gamma-band signals.
Enhanced transport of novel crystalline calcium-phosphonate scale inhibitor nanomaterials and their long term flow back performance in laboratory squeeze simulation tests (2016)

Prepared crystalline Si–Ca–DTPMP scale inhibitor nanomaterials with enhanced transportability and extended squeeze lifetime potentially for oilfield mineral scale control.
Flow‐rate characterization of microfabricated polymer microspray emitters (2004)

Microfabricated polymer microspray emitters are characterized in terms of applicable flow rates, temporal and spectral signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and solution composition. First, microspray emitters can be operated with 50% methanol/49% water/1% acetic acid from 250 nL/min up to 7 microL/min, with better SNRs above 1 microL/min. Interestingly, even at the lowest flow rates tested, they compare well with nanospray capillaries in terms of mass spectral performances. Secondly, they can be operated with acetonitrile from 10 up to 99% (v/v), with flow rates from 250 nL/min up to 4 microL/min. Even if the mass spectral performances (especially the spectral SNRs) vary with the acetonitrile content, this study validates such microfabricated microspray emitters as interfaces between liquid-phase separations and electrospray mass spectrometers.
Ultrastrong, Stiff and Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Composites (2012)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an order of magnitude stronger than any other current engineering fiber. However, for the past two decades, it has been a challenge to utilize their reinforcement potential in composites. Here, we report CNT composites with unprecedented multifunctionalities, including record high strength (3.8 GPa), high Young's modulus (293 GPa), electrical conductivity (1230 S·cm −1), and thermal conductivity (41 W m −1 K −1). These superior properties are derived from the long length, high volume fraction, good alignment and reduced waviness of the CNTs, which were produced by a novel-processing approach that can be easily scaled up for industrial production.
The Implication of Heat and Water Balance Changes in a Lake Basin on the Tibetan Plateau (2009)

The numerous lakes found throughout the Tibetan Plateau have a large effect on evaporation from the plateau. We analyzed variation in the water cycle in Yamdrok Yumtso Lake basin under the temperature increase of 1.13°C during the 45 years from 1961-2005. Both vapor pressure and relative humidity increased by approximately 17%, resulting in a 13.7% increase in longwave radiation flux and a smaller daily range of surface air temperature. A 5.7% decrease in sunshine duration caused solar radiation flux to decrease by 3%. Heat and water balances were simulated over land and the lake. The lake covers 10% of the total basin area. Evaporation from the lake was larger than that from land, with lake evaporation making up 26% of the basin total. Evaporation from the lake decreased 7% (May-September) over the study period, and observed small pan evaporation also decreased. This trend was not found in the evaporation from land and from precipitation. With water vapor in the air increasing and evaporation from the ground surface (lake and land) decreasing, the water vapor may have come from areas outside the basin and possibly even beyond the plateau.
Blood Levels of Glutamate and Glutamine in Recent Onset and Chronic Schizophrenia (2018)

Converging evidence indicates that dysfunctions in glutamatergic neurotransmission and in the glutamate-glutamine cycle play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated glutamate and glutamine levels in the blood of patients with recent onset schizophrenia or chronic schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients with recent onset schizophrenia showed increased glutamine/glutamate ratio, while patients with chronic schizophrenia showed decreased glutamine/glutamate ratio. Results indicate that circulating glutamate and glutamine levels exhibit a dual behavior in schizophrenia, with an increase of glutamine/glutamate ratio at the onset of schizophrenia followed by a decrease with progression of the disorder. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of changes in circulating glutamate and glutamine in schizophrenia.
The amino acid sequence of the major alpha globin of the rat (Wistar, Rattus norvegicus) (1975)

1. Rat (Wistar, Rattus norvegicus) was found to possess six distinctive haemoglobin components. The major haemoglobin component E was prepared by chromatography on column of DEAE-Sephadex using a pH gradient. Globin chains were separated on a CM-cellulose column which was eluted with increasing ionic strength of sodium ions in the presence of 8 M urea.\n\n2. The amino acid sequence of the ∝ chain was substantially determined. The soluble tryptic peptides prepared from the native ∝ globin and from the aminoethylated ∝ globin were separated by peptide mapping. Sequencing of the tryptic peptides was carried out by the dansyl-Edman method and by the overlapping of smaller peptide fragments derived from secondary enzymic digestion. The insoluble core peptides were further digested with chymotrypsin, thermolysin and pepsin to give smaller soluble peptides for sequencing. The tryptic peptides were ordered on the basis of their homology with the corresponding peptides of human ∝ chain. \n\n3. The amino acid sequence obtained in this study was compared with an amino acid sequence which was partially determined by an automated sequencer and partially by the homology method (Garrick et al. 1975). Disagreements between the two sequences were discussed and the favoured amino acid sequence for the rat major ∝ chain was proposed. \n\n4. Residue 13(All) ∝ of rat is a cysteine, which is unique among the mammalian ∝ globins. The occurrence of this externally situated cysteine was suggested to be responsible for the in vitro crystallizing property of rat haemoglobins. \n\n5. Structural and functional constraints of the haemoglobin molecule were shown to be a major selective force in the evolution of the rat ∝ chain. \n\n6. A phylogenetic tree of the ∝ globins of rat, mouse, dog and rabbit was built by reconstructing their ancestral sequences. From this the time of divergence of rat (Rattus) and mouse (Mus) was calculated to be approximately 52-58 million years ago.
The MT pool size ratio and the DTI radial diffusivity may reflect the myelination in shiverer and control mice (2009)

A quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) technique was employed to quantify the ratio of the sizes of the bound and free water proton pools in ex vivo mouse brains. The goal was to determine the pool size ratio sensitivity to myelin. Fixed brains from both shiverer mice and control littermates were imaged. The pool size ratio in the corpus callosum of shiverer mice was substantially lower than that in the control mice, while there was no distinguishable difference in the pool size ratio in the gray matter. These results correlate with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived radial diffusivity which previously was shown to reflect myelin integrity in this animal model. Histological study reveals the presence of myelin in control mice white matter and the absence of myelin in shiverer mice white matter, supporting the qMT and DTI results. Our findings support the view that qMT may be used for estimating myelin integrity.
The use of thin epitaxial silicon layers for MOS VLSI (1981)

The value of p/p+ epitaxial layers (epi) in the fabrication of leakage sensitive NMOS devices has been recognized for some time
Characterization of bulk negative-resistance diode behavior (1967)

Over certain ranges of frequency, bulk negative-resistance diodes can act as amplifiers or as oscillators depending on the doping, length between contacts, and external circuit. This behavior can be divided into four classes: Gunn oscillation, stable amplification, LSA oscillation, and bias-circuit oscillation. The four classes of behavior are discussed generally with references to the more detailed papers within this issue.
Predisposition to Neoplastic Transformation Caused by Gene Replacement of H- <i>ras</i> 1 (1993)

Homologous recombination was used to introduce a nominally transforming mutation into an endogenous H- ras 1 gene in Rat1 fibroblasts. Although both the mutant and the remaining normal allele were expressed equally, the heterozygous cells were not neoplastically transformed. Instead, spontaneously transformed cells arose from the heterozygotes at a low frequency, and the majority of these cells had amplified the mutant allele. Thus, the activated H- ras 1 allele was not by itself dominant over the normal allele but predisposed cells to transformation by independent events, such as amplification of the mutant allele.
A 9dBm IIP3 direct-conversion satellite broadband tuner-demodulator SOC (2003)

A direct-conversion satellite tuner-demodulator IC is realized using 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The IC down-converts a 950-2150MHz satellite broadcasting signal to base band and demodulates the signal to an MPEG data stream. The IC conforms to both DVB-S and DSS standards. Experimental results show a 9dBm IIP3 while consuming 230mA from 1.8V supply.
Short-pulse and high-frequency signal generation in semiconductor lasers (1989)

The application of high-speed semiconductors lasers in short-pulse generation by mode locking, gain/Q-switching, and microwave signal generation is reviewed. The underlying basic principles, current state of the art, and areas for further developments are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CityProphet (2016)

Thanks to the recent popularity of GPS-enabled mobile phones, modeling people flow or population dynamics is attracting a great deal of attention. Advances in methods where regular population patterns with respect to factors such as holidays or weekdays are extracted have provided successful results in irregularity detection. With large-scale crowded events such as fireworks, it is crucial that there be enough time to take countermeasures against the irregular congestion, i.e., irregularity prediction. It remains a tough challenge to predict population from GPS trace logs with existing methods.
Quantitative Infrared Intensity Measurements. I. Carbon Monoxide Pressurized with Infrared-Inactive Gases (1951)

Quantitative infrared intensity measurements on CO pressurized with H2, He, A, O2, and N2 for total pressures up to 700 psia have been carried out. The values of integrated absorption for the fundamental and first overtone of CO have been found to be 237 cm−2 atmos−1 and 1.64 cm−2 atmos−1, respectively. The numerical values of integrated absorption were obtained by using an indirect method for the interpretation of experimental data, similar to the extrapolation technique of Wilson and Wells. The experimental data obtained at very large values of the total pressure should yield correctly the numerical values of the spectral absorption coefficients. This statement is supported by the fact that the integral over the spectral absorption coefficients at a total pressure of 700 psia yields values for the integrated absorption of fundamental and first overtone of CO which are in excellent agreement with results obtained by indirect methods.
North Cross (Devonian) Unit CO2 Flood: Status Report (1992)

ABSTRACT The North Cross (Devonian) Unit CO2 flood, Shell's first, began in 1972. While fairly small by West Texas standards, the project provides an example of a successful, mature CO2 flood. Seventy-eight billion cubic feet (BCF) of pipeline CO2 have been injected into the reservoir. Recycled produced gas has augmented this to bring cumulative CO2 injection to 128 BCF- or nearly 70% of the hydrocarbon pore volume. Production performance has been excellent. Unit oil production increased from approximately 1400 barrels per day (BOPD) when CO2 injection began to its peak of over 2600 BOPD in late 1978 before declining gradually to approximately 1900 BOPD by the end of 1991. An estimated 11 million barrels of enhanced oil have been recovered through 1991 and ultimate EOR is expected to double to over 22 million barrels.
Reduction of graphene oxide via<scp>l</scp>-ascorbic acid (2009)

We demonstrated that the individual graphene oxide sheets can be readily reduced under a mild condition using L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). This simple approach should find practical applications in large scale production of water soluble graphene.
Electroosmotic Flow Can Generate Ion Current Rectification in Nano- and Micropores (2009)

This paper introduces a strategy for generating ion current rectification through nano- and micropores. This method generates ion current rectification by electroosmotic-driven flow of liquids of varying viscosity (and hence varying conductance) into or out of the narrowest constriction of a pore. The magnitude of current rectification was described by a rectification factor, R(f), which is defined by the ratio of the current measured at a positive voltage divided by the current measured at a negative voltage. This method achieved rectification factors in the range of 5-15 using pores with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 2.2 microm. These R(f) values are similar to the rectification factors reported in other nanopore-based methods that did not employ segmented surface charges. Interestingly, this work showed that in cylindrical nanopores with diameters of 10 nm and a length of at least 275 nm, electroosmotic flow was present and could generate ion current rectification. Unlike previous methods for generating ion current rectification that require nanopores with diameters comparable to the Debye length, this work demonstrated ion current rectification in micropores with diameters 500 times larger than the Debye length. Thus this method extends the concept of fluidic diodes to the micropore range. Several experiments designed to alter or remove electroosmotic flow through the pore demonstrated that electroosmotic flow was required for the mode of ion current rectification reported here. Consequently, the magnitude of current rectification could be used to indicate the presence of electroosmotic flow and the breakdown of electroosmotic flow with decreasing ionic strength and hence increasing electric double layer overlap inside nanopores.
Detection and Quantification of Citrullinated Chemokines (2011)

The newly developed antibody-based method to specifically detect and quantify chemically modified citrullinated proteins is proven to be effective. This study furthermore demonstrates that granulocytes were essential to obtain significant levels of [Cit(5)]CXCL8. For human PBMCs and granulocytes stimulation with LPS did not affect the citrullination of CXCL8.
Vulnerability-based Interleaving for Multi-Bit Upset (MBU) protection in modern microprocessors (2012)

We present a novel methodology for protecting incore microprocessor memory arrays from Multiple Bit Upsets (MBUs). Recent radiation studies in modern SRAMs demonstrate that up to 55% of Single Event Upsets (SEUs) due to alpha particle or neutron strikes result in MBUs. Towards suppressing these MBUs, methods such as physical interleaving or periodic scrubbing have been successfully applied to caches. However, these methods are not applicable to in-core, high-performance Content-Addressable Memories (CAM) arrays, due to computational complexity, high delay and area overhead, and lack of information redundancy. To this end, we propose a cost-effective method for enhancing in-core memory array resiliency, called Vulnerability-based Interleaving (VBI). VBI physically disperses bit-lines based on their vulnerability factor and applies selective parity to these lines. Thereby, VBI aims to ensure that an MBU will affect at most one critical bit-field, so that the selective parity will detect the error and a subsequent pipeline flush will remove its effects. Experimental results employing simulation of realistic MBU fault models on the instruction queue of the Alpha 21264 microprocessor in a 65nm process, demonstrate that a 30% selective parity protection of VBI-arranged bit-lines reduces vulnerability by 94%.
Modification and Inhibition of Repair of Potentially Lethal X-Ray Damage by Hyperthermia (1976)

The effects of 43°C hyperthermia on recovery from X-ray-induced potentially lethal damage were examined in plateau phase Chinese hamster cells. If heating preceded irradiation (preheat), the cell killing assayed immediately after the sequential treatments was greater than if the treatment order was reversed (postheat). Preheating for periods up to 45 min did not interfere with recovery from potentially lethal damage (as assayed by survival measurements of cells maintained in salt solution for the recovery period), although the kinetics were modified by the introduction of a slow component of recovery. On the other hand, postheating progressively slowed repair and 60 min at 43°C completely inhibited it. The interaction of X irradiation and 43°C hyperthermia was found to be maximum if the treatments followed each other with negligible time delay. The data indicate that an optimum sequence of 43°C hyperthermia and X irradiation for radiotherapy would involve a short (∼15 min) preheating period, rapidly f...
Plant Phenolic Compounds Induce Expression of the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> Loci Needed for Virulence (1986)

The virulence loci of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are a set of linked transcriptional units that play an essential role in the early stages of plant tumorigenesis. These loci are induced upon cocultivation of the bacteria with plant cells. Seven phenolic compounds that are widely distributed among the angiosperm plants--catechol, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, beta-resorcylic acid, and vanillin--are able to induce the expression of the virulence loci. These phenolics in combination induce each transcriptional locus of the vir loci. Furthermore, this induction displays similar kinetics and genetic control to that observed during cocultivation of the bacteria with plant cells.
Usage Control Model for Digital Rights Management in Digital Home Networks (2011)

The free distribution, unauthorized usage, and illicit sharing of copyrighted digital contents have become a common phenomenon with the rapid triple-play progress. The digital home network (DHN) is confronted with the open issue of digital rights management, and there is a lack of a formalized usage control model as well as some killer applications. The paper proposes a role-based cross-domain usage control model called the RCDUCM for DHN, which embraces two primary features of both role-based access control and security domain constraint management. RCDUCM is visually modeled by Unified Modeling Language to shorten the gap between the theoretical model and digital rights management applications. An application case denotes that the proposed model can implement consumer-contents-device license binding and transferring, the result of which is copyright protection of purchased digital contents against malicious piracy.