gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bypassing proxy: a solution to overloaded web caching systems (2006)

Abstract:- This paper presents a technique to solve the overloading conditions of HTTP proxy servers. It is achieved by eliminating the unnecessary requests reaching the proxy servers. These unnecessary requests are the miss requests which cause the proxy to store copies of requested objects, but the copies will not be accessed again. To identify this kind of requests, we construct a list, called hot-site list, to store the most popularity web sites. For those requests not on the list will be directly forwarded to the remote Web sites without passing through the proxies. Our analytical and simulation results show that our proposed technique can reduce the proxy load by 48 % and give a 1.75 system throughput gain.
Applying the new implication operator to professional judgement in risk assessment (1999)

The article describes a novel implication operator based on fuzzy entailment. Previously, (J. Daams, 1999) the operator was used for inference from a single rule and a single input. The paper describes how the operator would be used in an expert system. The operator is therefore extended to systems with multiple rules; to chained rules; to quantified rules; and to multidimensional input. If the rule set is incomplete, interpolation can be used, even when the rules are very sparse. By means of weighting or other manipulation of the multidimensional inputs, the new operator reproduces commonly used fuzzy logic techniques such as compensation. Missing rules and missing, dubious or contradictory inputs all broaden the envelope of plausible outcomes surrounding the interpolated conclusion, and reduce belief in this interpolated conclusion. The ability of the operator to calculate a plausible conclusion despite missing rules or data makes it suitable for process control and decision making. A software program customized for financial auditing is used to illustrate the practical aspects of the new fuzzy implication operator. The software mimics the informal reasoning which expert decision-makers use when exercising professional judgement, i.e., interpolating or extrapolating from sketchy, ambiguous, qualitative opinions, using a few experience based rules-of-thumb.
Measuring the complex frequency response of multimode optical fibers (1981)

An improved frequency-sweeping method for measuring the complex frequency response (transfer function) H(omega) of multimode optical fibers is proposed. Measurement of the phase angle of H(omega) is difficult and has been performed infrequently and with poor accuracy. In the method proposed, this difficulty is overcome using a single-mode fiber as a reference for the phase angle of H(omega). The complex frequency responses of two multimode fibers measured with this new technique are shown and compared with pulse method results.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of fixed dose lovastatin and niacinER combination in Asian Indian dyslipidemic patients: a multicentric study (2006)

Asian Indian dyslipidemia is characterized by: borderline high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B; high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apoA1; and high lipoprotein(a) (lp[a]). We performed a controlled multicentric trial in India to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination of lovastatin and niacin extended release (niacin(ER)) formulation in patients with moderate to severe dyslipidemia. Consecutive subjects that satisfied the selection criteria, agreed to an informed consent, and with no baseline presence of liver/renal disease or heart failure were enrolled in the study. After a 4-week run-in period there were 142 patients with LDL levels > or = 130 mg/dL. Eleven patients were excluded because of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and 131 patients were recruited. After baseline evaluation of clinical and biochemical parameters all subjects were administered lovastatin (20 mg) and niacin(ER) (500 mg) combination once daily. Dose escalation was done on basis of lipid parameters at 8 weeks and in 11 patients increased to lovastatin (20 mg) and niacin(ER) (1000 mg). An intention-to-treat analysis was performed and data was analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Thirteen patients (10%) were lost to follow-up and 4 (3%) withdrew because of dermatological adverse effects: flushing, pruritus, and rash. The mean values of various lipid parameters (mg/dL) at baseline, and at weeks 4, 12, and 24 respectively were: total cholesterol 233.9 +/- 27, 206.3 +/- 27, 189.8 +/- 31, and 174.9 +/- 27 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol 153.4 +/- 22, 127.3 +/- 21, 109.2 +/- 27, and 95.1 +/- 23 mg/dL; triglycerides 171.1 +/- 72, 159.5 +/- 75, 149.2 +/- 45, and 135.2 +/- 40 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol 45.6 +/- 7, 48.9 +/- 7, 51.6 +/- 9, and 53.9 +/- 10 mg/dL; lp(a) 48.5 +/- 26, 40.1 +/- 21, 35.4 +/- 21, and 26.9 +/- 19 mg/dL; and apoA1/apoB ratio 0.96 +/- 0.7, 1.04 +/- 0.4, 1.17 +/- 0.5, and 1.45 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.01). The percentage of decline in various lipids at 4, 12, and 24 weeks was: total cholesterol 11.8%, 18.8%, and 25.2%; LDL cholesterol 17.0%, 28.8%, and 38.0%; triglyceride 6.8%, 12.8%, and 21.0%; lp(a) 17.5%, 26.9%, and 44.5% respectively (p < 0.01). HDL cholesterol and apoA1/apoB increased by 7.2%, 13.1%, and 18.2%; and 7.9%, 21.9%, and 51.6% respectively (p < 0.01). Target LDL levels (< 100 mg/dL in subjects with manifest coronary heart disease or diabetes; < 130 mg/dL in subjects with > 2 risk factors) were achieved in 92 (80.7%) patients. No significant changes were observed in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, blood creatinine, transaminases, or creatine kinase. A fixed dose combination of lovastatin and niacin(ER) significantly improved cholesterol lipoprotein lipids as well as lp(a) and apoA1/apoB levels in Asian Indian dyslipidemic patients. Satisfactory safety and tolerability profile in this population was also demonstrated.
A 2.3 mu m/sup 2/ memory cell structure for 16 Mb NAND EEPROMs (2002)

A NAND structure memory cell with 2.2*1.05 mu m/sup 2/ size per bit, based on a 0.6 mu m design rule, has been developed for 16 Mb flash EEPROMs. The cell size is about 64% of the smallest 16 Mb EPROM cell so far reported. An extremely small cell can be realized by the following technologies: (1) newly developed 0.3 mu m space self-aligned stacked gate patterning, (2) a NAND structured cell array which contains 16 memory transistors in series, and (3) high-voltage field isolation technology used to isolate neighboring bits. The first and second technologies reduce the length of the cell by 67.6% compared with the conventional NAND structured cell using the same design rule, while the third technology reduces the width by 84.6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in multiple sclerosisclinical subtypes and their diagnostic value in the progressive disease course. (2014)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), a group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may play a role in preventing tissue damage. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP- 1, and TIMP-2 serum levels and the possible relationship to the type, severity, and progressive course of MS. Eighty-nine patients and 22 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. The MS patients were grouped as follows: 35 relapsing-remitting patients with shortdisease- duration (RRMS-SDD) (≤5 years), 23 patients with longer-disease-duration (RRMSLDD) (≥10 years), 21 secondary progressive patients (SPMS), 6 progressive relapsing patients (PRMS) and 4 primary progressive patients (PPMS). Serum levels were analysed by ELISA. Compared with the Control Group, the TIMP-1 serum levels (ng/ml) increased [Group I (RRMS-SDD), 2242.2; Group II (RRMS-LDD), 3108.3; Group III (SPMS), 3108.3; Group IV (PRMS), 3552.3; Group V (PPMS), 2068.6; and Group VI (control group), 1554.9] (p<0.01), and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios decreased [Group I, 0.074; Group II, 0.055; Group III, 0.043; Group IV, 0.028; Group V, 0.116; and Group VI, 0.107] (p<0.05) in all patient groups except the PPMS group. We re-classified the patients to reflect the progressive disease course as non-progressive (all RRMS) and progressive (PPMS, SPMS, and PRMS) groups. Compared with the control group, we again found an increase in TIMP-1 serum levels (ng/ml) [Groups I-II (RRMS=SDD and LDD), 2726.6; Groups III-IV-V (SPMS, PRMS, and PPMS), 3100.9; and Group VI (control group), 1554.9] (p<0.001) and a decrease in the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios [Groups I-II, 0.064; Groups III-IV-V, 0.046; and Group VI, 0.107] (p<0.01). In our study, the MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2 serum levels and MMP- 2/TIMP-2 ratio were not significantly different between the groups altough reclassification. These results mirror the clinical stability that is related to the disease remission status of our patient sample. Further clinical trials will be necessary to examine potential drug targets to prevent patient attacks involving this dynamic pathophysiologic process of MS.
Membrane pore architecture of the CslF6 protein controls (1-3,1-4)-β-glucan structure (2015)

The architecture of the pore membrane can control translocation of a growing polysaccharide across the membrane and alter the final polymer structure.
Biochemical Studies on Benzoquinone Derivatives. V. Structure-Activity Relationship between Benzoquinone Derivatives and Inhibition of Respiration of Rat Liver Intact Mitochondria (1968)

Alkyldihydroxy-p-benzoquinone and related compounds were newly prepared and effects of these compounds on a respiration of rat liver intact mitochondria were examined. Structure activity relationship between the benzoquinone derivatives and effects on the mitochondrial respiration was discussed. 1. 2-Methyl-5-octyl-3, 6-dihydroxy-1, 4-benzoquinone and ardisiaquinone B showed specific inhibition of State-3 respiration. But in high concentration they inhibited both State-3 and State-4 respiration. 2. 2-Octyl-3, 5-diydroxy-1, 4-benzoquinone and ardisiaquinone A inhibited both State-3 and State-4 respiration. 3. Rapanone, maesaquinone, polygonaquinone and related compounds having longer alkyl chains did not show any effect. As the result carbon numbers of the side chain have been found to be an important factor to exhibit the activity.
Rapid Method for Quantitative Determination of Proteolytic Activity with Cyclic Voltammetry (2009)

Abstract An alternative electrochemical method for the determination of proteolytic activity based on cyclic voltammetry of the electroactive probe ferricyanide (Fe(CN) 6 3− ) on the gelatin film coated ITO electrodes was proposed. The gelatin film behaves as a kinetic barrier for Fe(CN) 6 3− and the proteolytic digestion of the gelatin film results an increase in the penetration of the Fe(CN) 6 3− . Thus, by the change of peak potential in cyclic voltammogram of Fe(CN) 6 3− , activity of the enzyme was determined.
Ethanoarachidonic acids, a new class of arachidonic acid cascade modulators. 2. Polyethano compounds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthanoarachidonic acids, a new class of arachidonic acid cascade modulators. 2. Polyethano compoundsK. C. Nicolaou, P. E. Hernandez, T. Ladduwahetty, J. L. Randall, S. E. Webber, W. S. Li, and N. A. PetasisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 26, 5403–5404Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00174a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00174a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A 40 GHz f/sub T/ Si bipolar transistor LSI technology (2003)

A high-speed Si bipolar transistor with f/sub T/ (cutoff frequency) of 40 GHz using advanced BSA (BSG self-aligned) technology is described. The advanced BSA technology is characterized by graded profiled collector, buried emitter electrode structure, and 0.8- mu m design rule. The advanced BSA technology for further improving the f/sub T/ performance of the sub-100-nm-deep base transistor has been developed by adding these three technologies to the basic BSA technology, in which chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-BSG film is used as a diffusion source to form the intrinsic base and the p/sup +/-link region and as a sidewall spacer between emitter polysilicon and base polysilicon electrodes. The optimized transistor using the advanced BSA technology has exhibited a cutoff frequency of 38 GHz at V/sub CE/ of 1 V, and ECL (emitter coupled logic) gate delay time of 29 ps at I/sub CS/ of 0.3 mA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive limitation of the dictionary size in LZW data compression (2002)

Two modifications of the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) algorithm are presented to limit the dictionary size. First, a run-length encoding (RLE) is combined with the LZW algorithm, in order to preselect the input data. Then, a dynamic update of the dictionary is performed by eliminating the free branches in the tree representing the dictionary.
MiR-125b Reduces Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Negatively Regulating the NF-κB Pathway (2013)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has been devastating the swine industry worldwide since the late 1980s. To investigate the impact of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) on the replication of PRRSV, we screened 10 highly conserved miRNAs implicated in innate immunity or antiviral function and identified miR-125b as an inhibitor of PRRSV replication. Virus titer and western blot assays demonstrated that miR-125b reduced PRRSV replication and viral gene expression in a dose-dependent manner in both MARC-145 cell line and primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Mechanistically, miR-125b did not target the PRRSV genome. Rather, it inhibited activation of NF-κB, which we found to be required for PRRSV replication. PRRSV, in turn, down-regulated miR-125b expression post-infection to promote viral replication. Collectively, miR-125b is an antiviral host factor against PRRSV, but it is subject to manipulation by PRRSV. Our study reveals an example of manipulation of a cellular miRNA by an arterivirus to re-orchestrate host gene expression for viral propagation and sheds new light on targeting host factors to develop effective control measures for PRRS.
Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterologous pericardium for vena cava grafting following hepatectomy. (1999)

Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterologous pericardium is an option for IVC grafting.
<i>In vivo</i> activity of CRISPR‐mediated virus defence in a hyperthermophilic archaeon (2011)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems are found widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes and exhibit considerable diversity. However, closer insights into the action of most of the CRISPR modules have remained elusive in particular in Archaea as a result of the lack of suitable in vivo test systems. Here we demonstrate CRISPR/Cas-based immune defence in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Recombinant variants of the SSV1 virus containing a gene of the conjugative plasmid pNOB8 that represents a target for a corresponding CRISPR spacer in the chromosome were tested in transfection experiments. Almost 100% immunity against the recombinant virus was observed when the chromosomal CRISPR spacer matched perfectly to the protospacer. Different from bacterial systems immunity was still detected, albeit at decreased levels, when mutations distinguished target and spacer. CRISPR/Cas targeting was independent of the transcription of the target gene. Furthermore, a mini-CRISPR locus introduced on the viral DNA with spacers targeting the (non-essential) chromosomal beta-galactosidase gene was unstable in host cells and triggered recombination with the indigenous CRISPR locus. Our experiments demonstrate in vivo activity of CRISPR/Cas in archaea for the first time and suggest that - unlike the recently demonstrated in vitro cleavage of RNA in Pyrococcus- DNA is targeted in this archaeon.
Permanently grafted icephobic nanocomposites with high abrasion resistance (2016)

In this work, a series of copolymer/silica nanocomposites are investigated that exhibit excellent anti-icing behavior and can be covalently grafted to any substrate containing C–H bonds with high durability.
Biocombustibles: ¿una estrategia de desarrollo o de mercado lucrativamente sostenible? (2008)

Resumen: El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la incompatibilidad terica existente entre el concepto (y/o los principios) del desarrollo sostenible y la produccin de biocombustibles fundamentada en el modelo del agronegocio o agribusiness. As en el primer tem describimos los principales alertas emitidos a travs de los Informes del IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, o Panel Inter gubernamental sobre los Cambios Climticos) destacando: a) la influencia y el papel de las actividades humanas en el proceso del calentamiento global y la contaminacin ambiental, y b) el costo de oportunidad de reducir las emisiones de CO 2 . En el segundo destacamos los principales inversionistas extranjeros interesados en la produccin de los biocombustibles, colocando algunas reflexiones en relacin a este negocio "lucrativamente sostenible", y por ltimo -a modo de consideracin-enfatizamos la imposibilidad en relacin a la creencia absoluta en el libre mercado como la mejor fuente
Pathogen inactivation and removal methods for plasma‐derived clotting factor concentrates (2013)

Pathogen safety is crucial for plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates used in the treatment of bleeding disorders. Plasma, the starting material for these products, is collected by plasmapheresis (source plasma) or derived from whole blood donations (recovered plasma). The primary measures regarding pathogen safety are selection of healthy donors donating in centers with appropriate epidemiologic data for the main blood-transmissible viruses, screening donations for the absence of relevant infectious blood-borne viruses, and release of plasma pools for further processing only if they are nonreactive for serologic markers and nucleic acids for these viruses. Despite this testing, pathogen inactivation and/or removal during the manufacturing process of plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates is required to ensure prevention of transmission of infectious agents. Historically, hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus have posed the greatest threat to patients receiving plasma-derived therapy for treatment of hemophilia or von Willebrand disease. Over the past 30 years, dedicated virus inactivation and removal steps have been integrated into factor concentrate production processes, essentially eliminating transmission of these viruses. Manufacturing steps used in the purification of factor concentrates have also proved to be successful in reducing potential prion infectivity. In this review, current techniques for inactivation and removal of pathogens from factor concentrates are discussed. Ideally, production processes should involve a combination of complementary steps for pathogen inactivation and/or removal to ensure product safety. Finally, potential batch-to-batch contamination is avoided by stringent cleaning and sanitization methods as part of the manufacturing process.
Effective volumetric lattice Boltzmann scheme (2001)

An efficient fractional volumetric scheme is proposed for lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). By reducing the effective time step, the scheme possesses much better stability particularly for thermal LBM. The same accuracy and simplicity of the standard LBM are preserved for achieving the Navier-Stokes equation. Since the effective viscosity is reduced by the fraction factor p, the scheme becomes very effective for simulating high Reynolds number thermal flows.
Polarization control in flexible interference lithography for nano-patterning of different photonic structures with optimized contrast (2015)

Half-wave plates were introduced into an interference-lithography scheme consisting of three fibers that were arranged into a rectangular triangle. Such a flexible and compact geometry allows convenient tuning of the polarizations of both the UV laser source and each branch arm. This not only enables optimization of the contrast of the produced photonic structures with expected square lattices, but also multiplies the nano-patterning functions of a fixed design of fiber-based interference lithography. The patterns of the photonic structures can be thus tuned simply by rotating a half-wave plate.
Automatic control of ball and beam system using Particle Swarm Optimization (2011)

Over the last few decades, many evolutionary algorithms have emerged. One such algorithm is Particle Swarm Optimization which emulates social and cognitive behavior of bird-flocks. In this paper, particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented as a robust and highly useful optimization technique to tune the gains of the PID controllers in the two feedback loops of the classic Ball and Beam Control System. As the name implies, Ball and Beam control system tends to balance a ball on a particular position on the beam as defined by the user. Various trials of the algorithm with varying parameters is implemented on the control system and the fitness of the response of the system to a unit step input is used as a criterion for judging the most optimal solution. A slight variation in the fitness value function is also introduced, rather than using conventional performance integrals as a criterion. Furthermore, the results from PSO tuning are quantitatively compared to ITAE equations method of PID tuning and Fuzzy-logic controller to reach a conclusion on the most efficient controlling technique.