gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipolar high-gain limiting amplifier IC for optical-fiber receivers operating up to 4 Gbit/s (1987)

A monolithic integrated high-gain limiting amplifier for future optical-fiber receivers is described. It is characterized by the following features: high insertion-voltage gain (maximum 54 dB); high input dynamic range (about 52 dB) at constant output-voltage swing (400 mV/SUB p-p/); high operating speed (up to at least 4 Gb/s); low power dissipation (350 mW at 50-/spl Omega/ load); standard supply voltage (5 V); 50-/spl Omega/ output buffer; one-chip solution; and small fabrication costs by use of a 2-/spl mu/m standard bipolar technology without needing polysilicon self-aligning processes. The good values of operating speed and power consumption, which the authors believe has until now not nearly been achieved by other comparable bipolar amplifier ICs, are a result of careful circuit design and optimization. The amplifier was extended to a high-sensitivity (amplitude and time) decision circuit operating at up to 4.0 Gb/s by adding a high-speed master-slave D-flip-flop IC fabricated with the same technology.
Recognition of the unstructured road based on machine vision (2018)

Road recognition plays a key procedure in autonomous driving. Compared with laser radar, the method based on machine vision has the price advantage, also has a better prospects for development. Focusing on complex road surface and unclear boundary of unstructured road, a recognition method based on machine vision is proposed in this paper, which uses 2-d Tsallis entropy and double dogleg method. Firstly, the RGB images are converted to HSI color space. Then the hue and saturation images are segmented respectively, using the values calculated in the minimum 2-d Tsallis entropy. Considering the probability of white pixels in segmented hue image, the results are fused in different logic manners. Finally, the double dogleg method is used to recognize the edge of roads. Experimented with different material road images, this method is also proved to be effective.
Wittig modification of the Hofmann elimination reaction. Evidence for an .alpha.',.beta. mechanism (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWittig modification of the Hofmann elimination reaction. Evidence for an .alpha.',.beta. mechanismRobert D. Bach, Kenneth W. Bair, and Denis AndrzejewskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 24, 8608–8610Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00779a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00779a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical Structure in Polymeric Materials (1987)

The diversity of monomers available for synthesis of high polymers makes it possible to prepare a wide variety of long-chain macromolecular compounds. It is instructive to consider a hierarchical organization of structure in polymers at four successive levels--the molecular, nano-, micro-, and macrolevels--and to examine how interactions at and between these various levels of structure have important and often quite specific influences. Examples are drawn from semicrystalline polymers with flexible chains, liquid-crystalline polymers composed of rigid macromolecules, and amorphous polymers. Structural hierarchies in biocomposite systems are also discussed, particularly in soft connective tissues such as tendon and intervertebral disk.
Plasma-Mediated Grafting of Poly(ethylene glycol) on Polyamide and Polyester Surfaces and Evaluation of Antifouling Ability of Modified Substrates (2007)

A simple cold plasma technique was developed to functionalize the surfaces of polyamide (PA) and polyester (PET) for the grafting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the aim of reducing biofilm formation. The surfaces of PA and PET were treated with silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) plasma, and PEG was grafted onto plasma-functionalized substrates (PA-PEG, PET-PEG). Different molecular weights of PEG and grafting times were tested to obtain optimal surface coverage by PEG as monitored by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The presence of a predominant C-O peak on the PEG-modified substrates indicated that the grafting was successful. Data from hydroxyl group derivatization and water contact angle measurement also indicated the presence of PEG after grafting. The PEG-grafted PA and PET under optimal conditions had similar chemical composition and hydrophilicity; however, different morphology changes were observed after grafting. Both PA-PEG and PET-PEG surfaces developed under optimal plasma conditions showed about 96% reduction in biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes compared with that of the corresponding unmodified substrates. This plasma functionalization method provided an efficient way to graft PEG onto PA and PET surfaces. Because of the high reactivity of Si-Cl species, this method could potentially be applied to other polymeric materials.
Reduction of Bacillus Subtilis and Aspergillus Niger spores using nonthermal atmospheric gas discharges (2002)

Nonthermal gas discharges at atmospheric pressure, such as dielectric barrier discharges are currently investigated for low-temperature packaging sterilization in order to reach the conditions required for aseptic food packaging. In particular, understanding the basic sterilization mechanisms and the enhancement of the main bacterial reduction pathways are the goals of our investigations. For this purpose, germ reduction experiments were carried out with Bacillus Subtilis and Aspergillus Niger spores using different gas mixtures and plasma conditions with the direct and the indirect influence of barrier discharges. In order to analyze the contribution of UV radiation during plasma germ deactivation, experiments with different excimer UV lamps, also driven by barrier discharges in special UV-emitting gas mixtures, have been carried out. Results of germ reduction experiments using barrier discharges and prospects for atmospheric discharge systems, suitable for industrial packaging sterilization, are presented in this paper.
Spatially Resolved Imaging of the Spectral Emission Characteristic of an InGaN/GaN-Multi Quantum Well- Light-Emitting Diode by Scanning Electroluminescence Microscopy (2000)

The microscopic spectral emission characteristic of an InGaN/GaN multi quantum well light-emitting diode is directly imaged by highly spectrally- and spatially-resolved scanning electroluminescence microscopy under operation as a function of injection current density from both, contact and substrate side. The mono- and panchromatic luminescence intensity maps and especially the peak-wavelength scanning images provide access to the optical quality of the final device and yield direct images of the In fluctuations with 1 µm spatial resolution. Indium concentrations varying from around 0.09 to 0.11 are found in the active InGaN-region of the near ultraviolet diode emitting at 404 nm with a FWHM of 20 nm. At high current density a 4 nm redshift of emission wavelength due to ohmic heating is observed. Whereas the mesa electroluminescence intensity mapping of the front side becomes uniform for higher current densities, the backside electroluminescence still shows electroluminescence intensity fluctuations.
The Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Red Blood Cell Extracellular Vesicles (2019)

This chapter focuses on the biology of red blood cell extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) in normal and diseased conditions, and the potential application of RBCEVs in treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) refer to membranous vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular environment. EV biology belongs to a rapidly developing field in biomedical sciences. EVs represent a natural mode of cell-to-cell communication, which makes them suitable for delivery of therapeutic agents, such as nucleic acids and proteins, in the body. In particular, RBCEVs feature a wide range of benefits in drug delivery as compared to extracellular vesicles derived from other cell types. In comparison to other delivery systems currently available, RBCEVs are nontoxic, low immunogenic, conveniently obtainable, and easy to use and store. Therefore, RBCEVs boast promising and exceptional advantages in overcoming various limitations of conventional therapeutics.
Call admission control for prioritized adaptive multimedia services in wireless/mobile networks (2002)

The scarce wireless bandwidth motivated adaptive multimedia services where the bandwidth of an ongoing call can be dynamically adjusted. We consider multiple classes of adaptive multimedia services and assume the prioritization among classes in the bandwidth adaptation. A threshold-type call admission control algorithm is proposed and a product-form solution is derived. Also, we formulate a nonlinear programming model to find out threshold values for optimal solution. Numerical results show that the proposed method guarantees maximum revenue while satisfying the quality of service requirements.
Agriculture (2000)

Although agriculture contributes less than five per cent to GDP its importance for the economy as a whole can hardly be exaggerated. The sector employs 13 per cent of the labour force. South Africa is both selfsufficient in food and a substantial food exporter, though in drought years it faces a shortfall in maize, the staple crop. Agricultural products account for seven per cent of exports and include beef, a surplus of maize in good years, fruit and vegetables. Cape wines have long been famous and with the end of apartheid these were recapturing their place in the world as a major export. South Africa has rich offshore fisheries with an annual catch in excess of 500 000 mt and fish make an important contribution to exports. Farming is inextricably wound into the history of the Dutch at the Cape and, until very recently, the Boers or Afrikaners have seen themselves, first and foremost, as farmers. Land, its possession and working, lay at the centre of Afrikaner politics. Today, despite huge changes in the Afrikaner community and the move of many Afrikaners into business and other occupations remote from the land, farming remains at the emotional core of Afrikanerdom. Disputes about land may last longer and be more politically damaging to the new South Africa than many of the other problems of adjustment that have to be faced.
Vehicle guidance for an autonomous vehicle (2003)

Describes the vehicle guidance system of an autonomous vehicle. This system is part of the control structure of the vehicle and consists of a path generator, a motion planning algorithm and a sensor fusion module. A stereo vision sensor and a DGPS sensor are used as position sensors. The trajectory for the vehicle motion is generated in a first step by using only information from a digital map. Object-detecting sensors such as the stereo vision sensor, three laser scanners and a radar sensor observe the vehicle environment and report detected objects to the sensor fusion module. This information is used to dynamically update the planned vehicle trajectory to the final vehicle motion.
The convenience of catalog shopping: Is there more to it than time? (1996)

There is little doubt that one of the important motivations behind direct marketing patronage is convenience. Convenience has traditionally been conceptualized as a time-dominated phenomenon, yet much of the research that attempts to link demographic surrogates of time-constrained individuals/households with direct marketing patronage has shown only weak relationships. This paper reexamines the nature of convenience in the context of direct marketing patronage behavior. It reveals that an important oversight regarding convenience is that it consists not only of a time dimension, but also of space and effort dimensions. The qualitative data on which the study is based provide user-friendly data that offer rather literal suggestions as to how the convenience concerns of catalog patrons can be addressed.
An Innovative Process Using Only Water and Sodium Chloride for Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Nd–Fe–B Permanent Magnets Found in the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (2016)

We developed a new and environmentally friendly approach for recycling Ni–Cu-coated Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets included in computer hard disk drives collected as the waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). In a closed reactor, the coated magnets are heated at 250 °C in water mixed with sodium chloride for up to 18 h. First, the hydrothermal treatment induces the removal of the metallic coating that can be recovered by sieving. Then, the Nd-rich phase reacts with water, leading to the formation of Nd(OH)3. Atomic hydrogen is absorbed by the Nd2Fe14B phase, leading to the formation of Nd2Fe14BHx. The volume expansion of the intergranular phase, in relation to the formation of Nd(OH)3, together with the lattice expansion of the Nd2Fe14BHx phase causes the disintegration of the magnets. Finally, Nd2Fe14BHx is oxidized by water into Fe3O4 and Nd(OH)3. The Nd(OH)3 crystals can be isolated from the Fe3O4 crystals by magnetic separation. This process is thus an easy way to extract rare earths from permanent magnets found in WEEE. It uses green chemistry design principles and can be applied to large amounts of magnetic wastes.
The genera of Fungi (1909)

16 ANCYLISTACEAE 1. Zoospores escaping singly from the pore Leptomitus 7: 265
Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with intravenous immunoglobulin (1991)

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy usually treated with immunosuppressants. We reviewed our experience treating 15 patients (9 men, 6 women) with intravenous immunoglobulin. Six patients were on other therapies at the time of intravenous immunoglobulin infusions (4, prednisone; 2, prednisone and azathioprine). The dose of intravenous immunoglobulin was either 0.3 or 0.4 gm/kg/day for 4 to 5 days. Transient fever occurred in 1 patient. Subjective improvement in sensory symptoms was reported by almost all patients. Objective improvements in strength or functional tasks occurred in only 3 patients, a man with human immunodeficiency virus infection, a 14-year-old girl, and a woman with an immunoglobulin G kappa paraprotein. Our results suggest that individual patients may respond to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. A multicenter controlled trial is needed to assess properly the role of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Intrinsic Fields in Thin Insulating Films between Dissimilar Electrodes (1963)

Received 15 November 1962DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.10©1963 American Physical Society
Association of autoantibodies against the phosphatidylserine–prothrombin complex with manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome and with the presence of lupus anticoagulant (2000)

Antiprothrombin antibodies are heterogeneous and their clinical relevance depends on the method of detection applied. Positive results on the aPS/PT test can serve as a marker of thrombotic events in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Optical Voltage Sensor: Applications In Electric Power Systems (1987)

Optic sensors, forming a part of a fiber optic measuring system, are very attractive for use in the electric power industry. At KEMA a current sensor and a voltage sensor have been built for use in high-voltage measuring systems with data-registration by transient recorders. The voltage sensor consists of a Pockels cell situated near the test object connected to a light source and detectors in the control room by optical fibers. A crystal of bismuth-germaniumoxide was chosen as electro-optic material because of its superior characteristics in relation to unwanted optical effects. Different light sources and fibers were tested. The sensor was calibrated between -3 kV and +3 kV. The signal to noise ratio is in the order of 1000 for a wideband sensor (rise time 25 ns) and 25000 for a slow sensor (2 kHz bandwidth). Interference free measurements of HV breakdown demonstrate the capabilities of the optic voltage sensor. These sensors are now in use in research work on switchgear and in lightning tests.
Twenty-four hour blood pressure effect of once-daily lisinopril, enalapril, and placebo in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. (1992)

This multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study compared the antihypertensive effects of equal doses of two long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. After a two-week, placebo run-in phase, 110 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomised to receive 10 mg lisinopril or enalapril, or placebo for 4 weeks. Office BPs were measured at regular intervals throughout the study. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was measured at baseline and after the first and final doses of study drug. Serum ACE activity and aldosterone were obtained concomitantly with each ABP monitoring. Office BP differences from placebo reached (P less than 0.05) or approached (P less than 0.10) statistical significance at all observations for the lisinopril group but were not significant for any observation in the enalapril group and approached significance on two occasions. After four weeks of treatment, ABP analysis revealed that the lisinopril and enalapril groups, when compared with placebo, had similar and significant systolic and diastolic AUC reductions (P less than 0.01) from baseline over the 24 h dosing interval. During the second half of the dosing interval, 13-24 h post drug administration, the lisinopril group was significantly different from placebo (systolic BP, P = 0.002; diastolic BP, P = 0.005) while the enalapril group was not. Both drugs were well tolerated. The results indicate that monotherapy with 10 mg of lisinopril is as effective as with 10 mg of enalapril, and that ABP monitoring is useful in more precisely depicting the clinical effect of the known pharmacokinetic properties of these two agents.
A Policy-based Framework in Fog enabled Internet of Things for Cooperative ITS (2019)

In recent years, Fog computing has been proposed to complement well-known Cloud components, in order to realize delay-sensitive and location-aware services. In a future digital landscape with billions of IoT devices interconnected, this emerging paradigm will enable a more decentralized and flexible management by bringing data processing and distribution closer to end devices. One of the main challenges in fog scenarios is the need for automating the orchestration of end devices and components through scalable approaches. In this direction, this work represents an ongoing effort related to the potential application of policy-based approaches to mitigate the issues associated to fog orchestration. In particular, we propose the use of Seckit as a model-based and technology-independent toolkit to ease the management of IoT devices through the use of policy specification. Additionally, we considered a Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) use case to give some insights about the advantages of using the proposed approach.
Self-adhesion of natural rubber modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid (1995)

Abstract The self-adhesion strength of natural rubber (NR) compounds modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid (PCNSL) prepolymer has been studied with respect to variations in contact time, contact pressure, storage time, and concentration of PCNSL. The self-adhesion strength of NR as measured from the 180° peel test showed a maximum at 10 phr of PCNSL. The adhesion between substrates containing various concentrations of PCNSL (from 0 to 20 phr) also reached a maximum at a PCNSL concentration of 10 phr in one of the substrates. An increase in self-adhesion strength with storage time was observed for the PCNSL-modified NR compounds, which is presumed to be due to the time-dependent interfacial diffusion. Keywords: Natural rubberphosphorylated cashew nut shell liquidself-adhesion strength180° peel testcohesive failureinterfacial diffusion
GNSS CODE AND CARRIER TRACKING IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPATH (1997)

It is well known that multipath represents a major error source in differential GNSS positioning. Errors produced are unique to each antenna position and so are uncorrelated between the reference station and the mobile receiver. Reduction techniques, such as narrow correlator spacing1 and the multipath estimating delay lock loop (MEDLL)2 have improved the situation. However, reflected signals emanating close to the antenna are not reduced by either technique. Carrier multipath is a particular problem because short delay multipath signals cause maximum carrier errors. This study describes the analysis that has been carried out into code and carrier tracking in the presence of multipath. Code tracking in this situation produces a non-zero mean error,3 and the source of this bias has been investigated. Code and carrier multipath errors of the global orbiting navigation satellite system (GLONASS) have been compared with those of the global positioning system (GPS). The effects of pre-correlation filtering on code and carrier multipath errors have been determined using data from a measured correlation function. The multipath fading bandwidth is also discussed, and fast and slow fading effects are presented. A comparison has been made of the performance of typical coherent and non-coherent code discriminators in the presence of multipath. The performance of the GPS and GLONASS P code signals have been determined with respect to code and carrier multipath errors. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matched comparison of slotted tubular and coil stents: differences in acute gain, loss index, and clinical outcome. (2002)

Different stent designs may produce differences in immediate and long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to compare the immediate results and long-term outcomes of patients with lesions undergoing implantation of a single slotted tubular stent (Palmaz-Schatz) or a single coil stent (Gianturco-Roubin I). For this purpose, the authors studied patients matched for lesion length and vessel size. The consisted of 135 patients (141 lesions), and the Gianturco-Roubin group was composed of 50 patients (56 lesions). The coil stent was more often used for bailout indications. Larger immediate lumen gain was achieved with the slotted tubular stent. At follow-up examination, there was no difference in stent thrombosis; however, there was a trend toward lower angiographic restenosis and target-lesion revascularization in the Palmaz-Schatz group. Randomized trials using larger numbers of patients are needed to determine differences in outcome among different stent designs.