gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) and overproduction of exopolysaccharides in a mutant of a methylotrophic bacterium (1995)

The pink-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium rhodesianum MB 126 is able to grow on methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Under certain conditions, e.g., limitation of ammonium, phosphate, or oxygen, carbon from methanol is channeled into poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) whereas other polymers or metabolites are hardly overproduced. A mutant of this strain, which we isolated after chemical mutagenesis, is impaired in its ability to synthesize PHB. Under the conditions mentioned above, the mutant still accumulated PHB, but in the absence of ammonium it simultaneously synthesized PHB and a considerable amount of an exopolysaccharide. This phenomenon was surprising insofar as the wild type did not produce exopolysaccharide in such amounts. An attempt was made to elucidate and discuss the possible reasons for these findings.Key words: methylotrophy, serine pathway bacteria, PHB, exopolysaccharides.
Novel <italic>Ku</italic>-Band Series-Fed Patch Antenna Array With Enhanced Impedance and Radiation Bandwidth (2018)

In this paper, a novel design of a patch antenna with two symmetrical slits and two closely spaced resonances is proposed. A novel patch antenna demonstrates a great flexibility in impedances adjustment at both resonances that are of a great importance in the design of series-fed antenna arrays with a large number of radiating elements. Printed antenna with two linear arrays consisting of 16 serially fed patches is designed and fabricated. Measured results agree very well with simulations. The antenna operation frequency range is 15.6-17.3 GHz that is 10.3% of a relative bandwidth. The measured antenna gain is 19.5 dBi with a small variation of 1.2 dB within the whole operating bandwidth, sidelobe levels are below -22 dB in the H-plane and -11.5 dB in the E-plane. The half-power beamwidth is less than 8° and 40°, in H- and E-planes, respectively. The antenna array exhibits the enhanced impedance and radiation bandwidth in comparison with similar antenna structures and is very suitable for various radar applications, notably for compact, low-cost frequency-modulated continuous wave systems.
CFD simulation of two- and three-phase flow in FCC reactors (2015)

Liquid distribution and evaporation in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reactors are investigated numerically. The well-documented inaccuracy of conventional two-fluid modeling of hydrodynamics in fluidized beds of Geldart Group A particles is revisited. A new force-balance (FB) sub-grid-scale model, introduced and applied to the conventional Wen-Yu drag correlation, analyzes the balance of van der Waals, drag, gravity and buoyancy forces. It predicts formation of agglomerates inside the bed, updating the drag calculations by applying a correction factor to the conventional drag models. Good predictions are obtained of fluidization regimes and bed expansion, and there is promising agreement with experimental time-average radial voidage profiles reported by Dubrawski et al. (2013). Good quantitative agreement between discrete element models (DEM) and two-fluid predictions of minimum bubbling velocity is also observed when the model is used to predict minimum bubbling velocity, in contrast to the predictions from a non-cohesive, Wen-Yu model. Liquid injection experiments on a lab-scale fluidized bed were conducted, at the Institute of Chemical and Fuels from Alternative Sources (ICFAR) in London, Ontario to study the distribution, as well as the penetration, of liquid into catalyst pores. The results shed light on complexities involved in the injection zone to understand the effect of superficial gas velocity on evaporation and imbibition of liquid into particle pores. A methodology is developed to couple and incorporate existing liquid imbibition (into particle pores) models with evaporation models in the CFD code. The results are compared to another set of lab-scale experiments conducted at the British Columbia Research Institute (BCRI) facilities in Burnaby, BC. Simulation results demonstrate that CFD models can capture correct qualitative behavior of liquid injection and evaporation inside the bed. However, quantitative deviations revealed the likely effect of hydrodynamic properties on drying from both the liquid film around the particles and inside the pores. The deviations also imply that the assumption of convection- or diffusion-dominant drying might be unsuitable, and the two should be combined. Based on experimental results, a methodology is proposed to include the effect of hydrodynamic properties such as superficial gas velocity and particle impact velocity on drying.
Nutritional Basis for Colonization Resistance by Human Commensal Escherichia coli Strains HS and Nissle 1917 against E. coli O157:H7 in the Mouse Intestine (2013)

Escherichia coli is a single species consisting of many biotypes, some of which are commensal colonizers of mammals and others that cause disease. Humans are colonized on average with five commensal biotypes, and it is widely thought that the commensals serve as a barrier to infection by pathogens. Previous studies showed that a combination of three pre-colonized commensal E. coli strains prevents colonization of E. coli O157:H7 in a mouse model (Leatham, et al., 2010, Infect Immun 77: 2876-7886). The commensal biotypes included E. coli HS, which is known to successfully colonize humans at high doses with no adverse effects, and E. coli Nissle 1917, a human commensal strain that is used in Europe as a preventative of traveler's diarrhea. We hypothesized that commensal biotypes could exert colonization resistance by consuming nutrients needed by E. coli O157:H7 to colonize, thus preventing this first step in infection. Here we report that to colonize streptomycin-treated mice E. coli HS consumes six of the twelve sugars tested and E. coli Nissle 1917 uses a complementary yet divergent set of seven sugars to colonize, thus establishing a nutritional basis for the ability of E. coli HS and Nissle 1917 to occupy distinct niches in the mouse intestine. Together these two commensals use the five sugars previously determined to be most important for colonization of E. coli EDL933, an O157:H7 strain. As predicted, the two commensals prevented E. coli EDL933 colonization. The results support a model in which invading pathogenic E. coli must compete with the gut microbiota to obtain the nutrients needed to colonize and establish infection; accordingly, the outcome of the challenge is determined by the aggregate capacity of the native microbiota to consume the nutrients required by the pathogen.
Aspects on integration of high-speed multiplexers and demultiplexers in VLSI test systems (2002)

The authors describe hardware and software solutions for the design of a high-speed tester channel. Using gallium-arsenide circuitry for the merging of tester pin waveforms, cycle periods of less than 1 ns have been achieved. Hardware design alternatives are discussed, and a scheme for the automatic generation of tester-readable pattern description files is introduced. The conversion algorithms that allow for this generation are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of the superfluorescence and signal amplification in an ultrabroadband multiterawatt optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier system (2006)

We report on theoretical and experimental investigation of the signal and superfluorescence amplification in a 7 TW optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) system. We demonstrate that the compressed pulse contrast ratio can be improved by using larger seed pulse energies and by careful adjustment of the pump intensity in each amplification stage. Comparison of the measured amplified signal and superfluorescence energies yielded good agreement between calculations and experiments. © IOP Publishing Ltd. and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Overexpression of NSAID-Activated Gene Product in Prostate Cancer (2003)

NSAID-activated gene (NAG-1) protein was previously identified by microarray analysis as overexpressed in prostate cancer. We performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting with rabbit polyclonal antibody to NAG-1. Fifty malignant tissues obtained by prostatectomy and 17 from benign cases were compiled. Cancer tissues included Gleason scores 3-6, 3+4=7, 4+3=7, and 8-10. Cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) consistently showed moderate to intense cytoplasmic reactivity in 95-100% of epithelium. Staining intensity inversely correlated with preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p=0.005) and with grade, averaging (on a 0 to 3+ scale) 2.3 +/- 0.6 in the lowest grade group, and 2.0 +/- 0.7, 1.8 +/- 0.5, and 1.5 +/- 0.6 as grade increased (p<0.008). Benign epithelium was nonreactive in 17/17 specimens without concurrent cancer (11 transurethral resection, 2 enucleation, 4 biopsy, p=0.002). Decreased NAG-1 expression in higher grade cancer is consistent with its known antitumorigenic, proapoptotic activities.
Autoimmunity to GABAA-receptor-associated protein in stiff-person syndrome (2006)

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. To search for biomarkers that distinguish SPS from other neurological disorders (OND), we used surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to obtain proteomic profile of sera from 25 GAD-positive SPS patients and 25 controls. A significant decrease was found in the level of a protein corresponding to GABA(A)-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), which is responsible for the stability and surface expression of the GABA(A)-receptor. Up to 70% of the SPS sera examined, compared with 10% of the controls, immunoprecipitated GABARAP protein. Antibodies raised against GABARAP immunostained neuronal cell bodies as well as axonal and dendritic processes, as visualized by confocal microscopy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the IgG from GABARAP antibody-positive patients, but not control IgG, significantly inhibited the surface expression of GABA(A)-receptor. We conclude that GABARAP is a new autoantigen in SPS. Because the patients' IgG inhibits the expression of GABA(A)-receptors, the circulating antibodies could impair GABAergic pathways and play a role in the clinical symptomatology of SPS patients.
Detection Loss Tolerant Supersensitive Phase Measurement with an SU(1,1) Interferometer (2017)

In an unseeded SU(1,1) interferometer composed of two cascaded degenerate parametric amplifiers, with direct detection at the output, we demonstrate a phase sensitivity overcoming the shot noise limit by 2.3 dB. The interferometer is strongly unbalanced, with the parametric gain of the second amplifier exceeding the gain of the first one by a factor of 2, which makes the scheme extremely tolerant to detection losses. We show that by increasing the gain of the second amplifier, the phase supersensitivity of the interferometer can be preserved even with detection losses as high as 80%. This finding can considerably improve the state-of-the-art interferometry, enable sub-shot-noise phase sensitivity in spectral ranges with inefficient detection, and allow extension to quantum imaging.
鲜香美味，随手磨出--味好美研磨瓶黑白椒粒网络活动圆满落幕：调味高手，百变磨法 (2010)

你也能成为“超级大厨”哦!圣诞节处处洋溢着节日的温馨气息。我早早起床，开始准备由我“掌厨”的Christmas Dinner。中午时分，Christmas Dinner大功告成，我赶紧换上圣诞老人装迎接每一位朋友。黑胡椒炯大虾比萨、白胡椒烤火鸡、黑胡椒田园沙拉、胡椒百菇汤……刚进门，朋友们就欢呼：好香哦!用餐前，我赶快拿出味好美研磨瓶黑胡椒粒，施展大厨的最后“磨”法，根据不同菜肴，迅速调挡、转动，不同大小的黑胡椒粒欢快地跳在菜肴上，每道菜肴似乎刚被唤醒一艘，散发着别样滋味。
Photocycles of Channelrhodopsin‐2 (2009)

Recent developments have used light-activated channels or transporters to modulate neuronal activity. One such genetically-encoded modulator of activity, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), depolarizes neurons in response to blue light. In this work, we first conducted electrophysiological studies of the photokinetics of hippocampal cells expressing ChR2, for various light stimulations. These and other experimental results were then used for systematic investigation of the previously proposed three-state and four-state models of the ChR2 photocycle. We show the limitations of the previously suggested three-state models and identify a four-state model that accurately follows the ChR2 photocurrents. We find that ChR2 currents decay biexponentially, a fact that can be explained by the four-state model. The model is composed of two closed (C1 and C2) and two open (O1 and O2) states, and our simulation results suggest that they might represent the dark-adapted (C1-O1) and light-adapted (C2-O2) branches. The crucial insight provided by the analysis of the new model is that it reveals an adaptation mechanism of the ChR2 molecule. Hence very simple organisms expressing ChR2 can use this form of light adaptation.
Modalities in breast cancer detection: Xeroradiography, mammography, thermography, and mammometry (1969)

The advantages and limitations of 4 methods of detecting breast cancer are presented. Mammography, the oldest and most widely used, detects cancer with an accuracy of some 90 percent if the radiologist is skilled in breast radiography. Xeroradiography is a newer method and not widely used because of technical difficulties, although possibly it has some advantages over mammography. It affords a unique image of the entire breast including the skin in a single exposure. Differing densities are shown with edge-like sharpness in a bas-relief effect. Thermograph provides a pictorial map of mammary heat. It is an excellent adjunct to mammography, since more than 90 percent of breast cancers can be detected by a superjacent cutaneous thermographic “hot spot.” “Hot spots” of themselves are not diagnostic, however, since they are also found in normal and dysplastic breasts. Mammometry is a new method of registering breast temperatures by affixing small skin-contact thermometers to the breasts. This method shows promise, but not enough data have been collected to date to judge its specificity and sensitivity.
Investigation on TSV impact on 65nm CMOS devices and circuits (2010)

4μm wide copper Through Silicon Vias (TSV) were processed on underlying 65nm CMOS devices and circuits in order to evaluate the impact of the three-dimensional (3D) integration process. Electrical tests on isolated MOSFET and ring oscillators in the presence of TSVs are compared to modeling results. Beside TSV mechanical impact, an electrical coupling between TSV and MOSFET is experimentally quantified and reported for the first time. This coupling induces a spike variation up to 7μA/μm on the static NMOS drain current. However, the ring oscillators response is not impacted.
Amplifying Effect of Sumatriptan on Noradrenaline Venoconstriction in Migraine Patients (1993)

The venoconstrictive activity of sumatriptan and its interaction with noradrenaline (NA)- and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) venoconstriction was studied in vivo in the hand vein of migraineurs. Sumatriptan, injected at increasing doses into the vein, caused local venoconstriction after a 500 microgram dose, comparable to that induced by 0.5-1 micrograms of 5HT. This venoconstriction was completely inhibited by low doses of ketanserin (5 micrograms). Subcutaneous sumatriptan (6 mg) provoked a minor increase in vein tone, lasting less than 30 min. Non-venoconstrictive doses of sumatriptan (10-100 micrograms), injected in the hand vein, produced an amplification of NA-venoconstriction but not of 5HT-induced venoconstriction. A similar increased effect was displayed by subcutaneous sumatriptan (6 mg) for at least 1 h. Sumatriptan appears to cause peripheral venoconstriction only at high doses locally applied (in the hand vein), by acting on 5HT2 receptors. Clinical subcutaneous doses (6 mg) do not show significant venoconstrictive effects. The amplifying effect on NA venoconstriction, also caused by 5HT, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine in human cranial arteries, may be important in explaining the therapeutic action of sumatriptan in migraine attacks.
Intraocular pressure following peritomy and wet-field coagulation (1990)

The changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) following peritomy and wet-field coagulation of 10 rabbit eyes and 7 human cataractous eyes were investigated. The IOP difference before and after 180-degree and 360-degree wet-field coagulation on rabbit eyes showed an average increase of 11.0 +/- 5.8 mmHg and 25.8 +/- 7.1 mmHg(mean +/- SD), respectively (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). The IOP of both groups in rabbit eyes were elevated for 2 to 3 days postoperatively and then became normal by the 7th postoperative day. The IOP difference before and after 180-degree peritomy and wet-field coagulation in human cataractous eyes showed an average increase of 8.4 +/- 5.8 mmHg(mean +/- SD)(p less than 0.05). The outflow facility was poor immediately following wet-field coagulation but then improved gradually by means of tonography and concentration changes of anterior chamber neutral-red. Histologically, there was endothelial cell damage, congestion, and red blood cell extravasation of the episcleral and intrascleral vessels at one day after wet-field coagulation in the light microscopic findings. Recanalization of the episcleral and intrascleral capillaries was noted 3 days after wet-field coagulation and was completed 3 weeks after wet-field coagulation. There was poor plastic infusion through the trabecular spaces in the one-day postoperative group compared to the control group by scanning electron micrograph. In conclusion, we have to bear in mind the possibility of an IOP rise after wet-field coagulation following peritomy for cataract and retinal surgery.
The Arab congregation and the ideology of genocide in Darfur, Sudan (2009)

This article presents a number of documents bearing the name of the Arab Congregation of
Western Sudan (Darfur and Kordofan). It argues that attempts to annihilate indigenous
Darfurians and appropriate their land are backed by Arab supremacist ideology that has
been nursed over several decades. The article further argues that the Arab Congregation
operates in close alliance with both national and regional circles that seek to expand what is
defined as Arab belt deeper into Sub-Saharan Africa.
Precursors for peptide hormones share common secondary structures forming features at the proteolytic processing sites (1986)

We have analyzed the amino acid sequences situated around the putative proteolytic cleavage sites in twenty different biosynthetic precursors of peptide hormones by processing enzymes. The prediction of the probability for forming secondary structures around the basic amino acids, constituting the cleavage sites, was made using the modified method of Chou and Fasman. The results indicate that the processing sequences which are cleaved in vivo, are in all cases located inside regions with high beta-turn formation probability or else immediately adjacent to these structures. The beta-turn forming region at the cleavage locus, is flanked on both sides by amino acid sequences with a high probability for forming highly ordered structures, either beta-sheet or alpha-helix. These conformational features are not found in precursors around dibasic pairs, i.e. putative cleavage loci, but which are not cleaved in vivo and appear to be conserved. We hypothesize that beta-turns including the basic amino acids doublets, flanked by highly ordered secondary structures (either beta-sheet or alpha-helix) may constitute a minimal requirement for the recognition by the endoproteases involved in the processing of these precursors.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: CT and Pathologic Correlation (1986)

CT findings of 15 patients with histologically proven primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma were reviewed with pathologic correlation in order to evaluate variable CT patterns. There were a total of 32 lesions. Of the 15 patients studied, seven had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), all diagnosed within the past 3 years. The CT observations of eight non-AIDS patients were consistent with findings reported previously. Most of the lymphomatous lesions were either hyper- or isodense, round or oval masses with homogeneous contrast enhancement and variable surrounding edema. Pathologic examination showed tightly packed preserved lymphoma cells without necrosis. in AIDS patients, rim or ring enhancement of lymphoma, indistinguishable from brain abscess, was frequently seen. Histologic examination consistently showed extensive tumor necrosis with preservation of viable tumor cells at the periphery. A third and infrequent CT pattern was multiple infiltrative nonnodular solid enhancement with extensive edema. Pathologic correlation showed infiltrating viable tumor cells without necrosis. The rim- or ring-enhancing brain lesion seen in AIDS patients can either be an abscess or a primary lymphoma; proper tissue collection is essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The contractile state as the major determinant in the evolution of left ventricular dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (1983)

Female spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats were studied at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age to determine which characteristics of myocardial performance herald the onset of left ventricular dysfunction. Peak ejection fraction index was derived from measurements of peak stroke volume (in vivo volume loading) and passive pressure-volume relations. The myocardial stiffness constant (km, slope of the incremental modulus-stress relation, EINC = km sigma), chamber stiffness constant (kc, slope of the chamber stiffness-pressure relation, dP/dV = kcP), and left ventricular cavitary volume-to-wall volume ratio at 10 mm Hg) were calculated from the pressure-volume data and the contractile state was assessed from the ejection fraction index-afterload relations. In the normotensive rats, the myocardial stiffness constant was not affected by age, whereas, in the spontaneously hypertensive rats, the myocardial stiffness constant remained within normal limits until 18 months, at which time a significant increase in this index of myocardial stiffness occurred. Baseline and maximal cardiac indices and ejection fraction index of spontaneously hypertensive rats were normal from 6 to 18 months, but were markedly reduced at 24 months. This reduction in cardiac performance was associated with a decrease in the left ventricular chamber stiffness constant, i.e., kc. This decreased chamber stiffness, which occurred at a time when myocardial stiffness was increased, was due to a greater increase in cavity size than in myocardial stiffness. The left ventricular cavity-to-wall volume ratio of normotensive rats was not affected by age, whereas, in the spontaneously hypertensive rats, this ratio markedly declined by 18 months. The ejection fraction index-afterload relations i.e., a measure of the contractile state, of the 6- and 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were similar to those of the normotensive rats of all ages. However, a depression in the contractile state of the spontaneously hypertensive rats occurred at 18 months and was further depressed at 24 months. This abnormality of the contractile state was evident before the deterioration of cardiac performance, as reflected in a decrease in baseline and maximal cardiac indices, and dilation of the left ventricle occurred. The contractile state (ejection fraction index-afterload relation) is thus the most sensitive indicator of left ventricular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.