gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile services used in unstable environments (2006)

The fast developing mobile technology and the lack of practices make it difficult to design mobile information services of satisfying quality within allocated time and budget. One of the difficulties is the unstable environment in which users accessing these services find themselves. Information services used on a personal computer connected to the Internet with a wired line are nowadays quite stable. However, the use of information services on a mobile device connected to the Internet by a mobile or wireless network is still vulnerable. The usage is even more unstable since the users are distracted when they are on the move, in an environment that might be unfamiliar, noisy, or surrounded with traffic.In this paper we describe three different case studies in which a mobile information service is designed for use in an unstable environment. We analyze the usage of these services and derive requirements for a design method to deal with this. We recommend applying context studies, simulation, user participation and service assembly with building blocks during the design process.
Towards Optimal One Pass Large Scale Learning with Averaged Stochastic Gradient Descent (2011)

For large scale learning problems, it is desirable if we can obtain the optimal model parameters by going through the data in only one pass. Polyak and Juditsky (1992) showed that asymptotically the test performance of the simple average of the parameters obtained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is as good as that of the parameters which minimize the empirical cost. However, to our knowledge, despite its optimal asymptotic convergence rate, averaged SGD (ASGD) received little attention in recent research on large scale learning. One possible reason is that it may take a prohibitively large number of training samples for ASGD to reach its asymptotic region for most real problems. In this paper, we present a finite sample analysis for the method of Polyak and Juditsky (1992). Our analysis shows that it indeed usually takes a huge number of samples for ASGD to reach its asymptotic region for improperly chosen learning rate. More importantly, based on our analysis, we propose a simple way to properly set learning rate so that it takes a reasonable amount of data for ASGD to reach its asymptotic region. We compare ASGD using our proposed learning rate with other well known algorithms for training large scale linear classifiers. The experiments clearly show the superiority of ASGD.
Relationship between 12-lead ECG QT dispersion and 3D-ECG repolarization loop (2002)

Detection of QT dispersion on a 12 lead surface electrocardiogram has been proved to be a strong prognostic index of malignant events and it is thought to be closely related to an heterogeneity in the repolarization wavefront This work aims to correlate QT dispersion with the morphology of the spatial T wave loop. Indexes of planarity and geometry are derived from the 3D-ECG repolarization loop with a validated algorithm (CAVIAR). Multiple regression analysis indicates that QT dispersion measured on 12 standard lead is significantly correlated with a loss of planarity and with a wider shape of the loop. QT dispersion is then closely related to a spatial distortion of the cardiac vector during the repolarization phase and can be indirectly evaluated on the 3D electrocardiogram.
Deletion of the Pichia pastoris KU70 Homologue Facilitates Platform Strain Generation for Gene Expression and Synthetic Biology (2012)

Targeted gene replacement to generate knock-outs and knock-ins is a commonly used method to study the function of unknown genes. In the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, the importance of specific gene targeting has increased since the genome sequencing projects of the most commonly used strains have been accomplished, but rapid progress in the field has been impeded by inefficient mechanisms for accurate integration. To improve gene targeting efficiency in P. pastoris, we identified and deleted the P. pastoris KU70 homologue. We observed a substantial increase in the targeting efficiency using the two commonly known and used integration loci HIS4 and ADE1, reaching over 90% targeting efficiencies with only 250-bp flanking homologous DNA. Although the ku70 deletion strain was noted to be more sensitive to UV rays than the corresponding wild-type strain, no lethality, severe growth retardation or loss of gene copy numbers could be detected during repetitive rounds of cultivation and induction of heterologous protein production. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use of the ku70 deletion strain for fast and simple screening of genes in the search of new auxotrophic markers by targeting dihydroxyacetone synthase and glycerol kinase genes. Precise knock-out strains for the well-known P. pastoris AOX1, ARG4 and HIS4 genes and a whole series of expression vectors were generated based on the wild-type platform strain, providing a broad spectrum of precise tools for both intracellular and secreted production of heterologous proteins utilizing various selection markers and integration strategies for targeted or random integration of single and multiple genes. The simplicity of targeted integration in the ku70 deletion strain will further support protein production strain generation and synthetic biology using P. pastoris strains as platform hosts.
Blur: The Speed of Change in the Connected Economy (2000)

Ralph Bauer is Chairman of Franklin Textiles, Northern Ireland. He has led a number of Government sponsored senior management study teams examining the latest developments in manufacturing technology across the world. He is also Deputy Chairman of NEBS Management. Some two years ago a UK management publication's review of a new book stated that whilst it was of some merit, this new Management book from the US was not really worthwhile, that it consisted of many Americanisms' etc. The book was damned by faint praise! But something in the phraseology of the negative review whetted my appetite. So when, some weeks later I was in New York, I visited the renowned Barnes & Noble book store. I had a mission - to view BLUR to purchase. Later that day I browsed and then read this remarkable book. Next day, back to Barnes N and the prose is easy to read. An element of excitement, a positive American spin-tumblers are halffull not half empty - runs through this book Most of all, it encourages the reader to extrapolate into the future, by reference to current events. BLUR poses many stimulating questions: Why are some product or service prices expected to remain constant for months at a time when others are subject to immediate competitive change? Does your organization price according to inflexible lists or in response to customer feedback coupled with market knowledge? Have you ever bought air tickets via the Internet? -now a classic example of flexible pricing that gives the customer decision choice? How current is your market knowledge? What effect does the Internet have on the choices of YOUR customers? How will you differentiate your product; more importantly how will the customer perceive your differential, if at all? This book illustrates that during an era of such rapid technological change a business must often educate the customer and then let the customer educate the business.. Software 'first releases' exemplify this issue. By issuing 'first release software' a business gets and benefits from the technical feedback provided by customers. In so doing the supplier often becomes alerted to new market opportunities. Customers buy products that consist of both tangible and intangible elements. The intangibles are knowledge based what price knowledge? How do you value a product? Any product you are considering buying, or you have bought? How do you value a company? By its Balance Sheet, the standard accountancy practice presents the aggregates ofthe money value of tangible machines, the buildings, the land plus an amount for goodwill based on recent past earnings, as recorded in the accounts. Or do you value acompany on other asset criteria? How do you value a Company which is moving, growing not by the standards of the past where movement was slow? …
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Healthy Human Pleural Mesothelium and in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (1998)

We hypothesized that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), known to be induced in rat mesothelial cells by asbestos fibers, cytokines, and hyperoxia, may also be induced in asbestos-related pleural diseases such as mesothelioma. MnSOD was assessed in healthy human pleural mesothelium (n = 6), in biopsy samples of human pleural mesothelioma (n = 7), in transformed nonmalignant human mesothelial cells (Met5A), and in two human mesothelioma cell lines (M14K and M38K) established from the tumor tissue of mesothelioma patients. There was no MnSOD immunoreactivity in five of the six samples of healthy pleural mesothelium, whereas MnSOD immunoreactivity was high in the tumor cells in all the mesothelioma samples. Northern blotting, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and specific activity measurements showed lower MnSOD in the nonmalignant Met5A mesothelial cells than in the M14K and M38K mesothelioma cells. In additional experiments the mesothelial and mesothelioma cells were exposed to menadione, which generates superoxide intracellularly, and to epirubicin, a cytotoxic drug commonly used to treat mesothelioma. The M38K mesothelioma cells were most resistant to menadione and epirubicin when assessed by LDH release or by adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP, and AMP) depletion. These same cells showed not only the highest MnSOD levels, but also the highest mRNA levels and activities of catalase, whereas glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels did not differ significantly. We conclude that MnSOD expression is low in healthy human pleural mesothelium and high in human malignant mesothelioma. The most resistant mesothelioma cells contained coordinated induction of MnSOD and catalase.
Thermally stabilized PCF-based sensor for temperature measurements up to 1000ºC (2009)

We report on the development of a stable Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based two-mode interferometric sensor for ultra-high temperature measurements (up to 1000 degrees C). The device consists of a stub of PCF spliced to standard optical fiber. In the splice regions, the voids of the PCF are fully collapsed, thus allowing the excitation and recombination of two core modes. The device spectrum exhibits sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts with temperature. We show that, despite being compact and robust, the proposed sensor head needs a quite long burn in (thermal annealing) to achieve an adequate and stable functionality level. The burn in process eliminates the residual stress in the fiber structure, which had been accumulated during the drawing phase, and changes the glass fictive temperature.
Measurement and noise characterization of optically induced index changes using THz interferometry (2004)

A Michelson interferometer designed for broadband single-cycle THz pulses is used to characterize optically induced index changes in semiconductors which result in submicron changes in optical path length. The interferometric measurements are compared both to standard THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and differential THz-TDS based on modulation of the sample. By analyzing noise contributions in THz spectroscopy systems, it is shown that the destructive interference achieved in THz interferometry reduces both some sources of random errors as well as errors due to system drift.
Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations (1991)

A fast and flexible algorithm for computing watersheds in digital gray-scale images is introduced. A review of watersheds and related motion is first presented, and the major methods to determine watersheds are discussed. The algorithm is based on an immersion process analogy, in which the flooding of the water in the picture is efficiently simulated using of queue of pixel. It is described in detail provided in a pseudo C language. The accuracy of this algorithm is proven to be superior to that of the existing implementations, and it is shown that its adaptation to any kind of digital grid and its generalization to n-dimensional images (and even to graphs) are straightforward. The algorithm is reported to be faster than any other watershed algorithm. Applications of this algorithm with regard to picture segmentation are presented for magnetic resonance (MR) imagery and for digital elevation models. An example of 3-D watershed is also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetics of E5564, a Lipopolysaccharide Antagonist, in Patients with Impaired Hepatic Function (2003)

E5564 is a structural analog of the Lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). E5564 has been tested in several in vitro and in vivo models and has demonstrated its effectiveness against LPS. It is intended to be an antagonist of LPS to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis syndrome. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK) of E5564 in patients with impaired hepatic function. E5564 was administered via intermittent intravenous infusion every 12 hours for six times to 24 hepatic-impaired patients (12 each to Child-Pugh Classifications A and B) and 24 matching healthy volunteers. Plasma samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. A one-compartment model resulted in good and comparable fits for all volunteers. Regardless of liver disease state, none of the PK parameters compared (i.e., Cmax (0-12),tmax (0-12),CL,t1/2, Vss, AUC(0-12), AUC(0-last), AUC(0-infinity), C(ss,min), C(ss,max), and C(ss,av)) exhibited any difference between these two groups. This suggested that the exposure of E5564 in volunteers was independent of hepatic function. Thus, no dose adjustment is needed in patients with hepatic impairment classified as Child-Pugh A and B.
Neurotoxicity of the Organochlorine Insecticide Heptachlor to Murine Striatal Dopaminergic Pathways (2001)

Changes in biochemical status of nerve terminals in the corpus striatum, one of the primary brain regions affected in Parkinson's disease, were studied in groups of C57BL/6 mice treated by ip injection three times over a 2-week period with 3--100 mg/kg heptachlor. On average, the maximal rate of striatal dopamine uptake increased > 2-fold in mice treated at doses of 6 mg/kg heptachlor and 1.7-fold at 12 mg/kg heptachlor. Increases in maximal rate of striatal dopamine uptake were attributed to induction of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and a compensatory response to elevated synaptic levels of dopamine. Significant increase in V(max) of striatal DAT was not observed at doses > 12 mg/kg, which suggested that toxic effects of heptachlor epoxide may be responsible for loss of maximal dopamine uptake observed at higher doses of heptachlor. In support of this conclusion, polarigraphic measurements of basal synaptosomal respiration rates from mice treated with doses of heptachlor > 25 mg/kg indicated marked, dose-dependent depression of basal tissue respiration. At doses of 6 and 12 mg/kg heptachlor, which increased expression of striatal DAT, uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine into cortical synaptosomes was unaffected. Thus, striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals were found to be differentially sensitive to heptachlor. This reduced sensitivity of serotonergic pathways was mirrored in the greater potency of heptachlor epoxide to cause release of dopamine from preloaded striatal synaptosomes in vitro compared to release of serotonin from cortical membranes. These results suggest that heptachlor, and perhaps other organochlorine insecticides, exert selective effects on striatal dopaminergic neurons and may play a role in the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Electrophoretic Karyotype Analysis: Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (2003)

Electrophoretic karyotyping is a term first introduced by Carle and Olson in 1985 (1) to describe the use of the new technique of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to visualize whole chromosomes from unicellular organisms. Conventional agarose gel electrophoresis has a useful upper size limit of about 20 kilobases (kb). PFGE extends this limit to at least 5.7 megabases (Mb) (2) and may be up to 12 Mb (3), encompassing the size range of chromosomes from many bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Chromosomes from most of these organisms fail to condense sufficiently during mitosis to allow karotyping by light microscopy and, prior to the advent of PFGE, estimates of genome size and chromosome number were based on genetic linkage analysis, DNA reassociation kinetics, and in some cases, electron microscopy.
Interference rejection combining for GSM (2002)

Digital cellular communication systems in urban areas are today beginning to be limited in performance by interference. To further increase the capacity in these areas, more advanced detection schemes could be used. We study how the performance of the MLSE equalizer can be improved by utilizing interference suppression. Simulation results for a GSM system under realistic conditions are presented.
Optimal execution of portfolio trades (2002)

Many trading strategies in current markets involve simultaneous purchases and/or sales of multiple securities, where the combined transaction must satisfy a prescribed price objective. We refer to such trades as portfolio trades. Examples include pairs trading, buy-writes, basket trades, index trades, equity-currency trades, and swaps. More general extensions involve an arbitrary set of linked trades across multiple securities types. Current techniques for implementing portfolio trades are inefficient and carry a high risk of excessive market impact. We describe a direct approach to portfolio trading that simultaneously optimizes the trade prices and executes the trades. While the approach described herein is in the context of securities trading, it applies as well to other linked trading applications involving non-securities goods and services.
Evaluation of slide agglutination methods for identifying group D streptococci (1983)

Three commercial reagents for the rapid identification of group D streptococci by slide agglutination were evaluated. These included SeroSTAT (Scott Laboratories, Fiskeville, R.I.), Streptex (Wellcome Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, N.C.), and Phadebact (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.). The methods included direct colony testing, enzyme extraction with pronase, and broth culture. A total of 72 strains of group D streptococci were tested. The SeroSTAT and Streptex reagents with pronase extraction each identified 65 (90%) of the strains. The SeroSTAT reagent was somewhat more specific since it did not cross-react with other streptococci of the viridans group. The Phadebact reagent was nonreactive. We conclude that the latex reagents can be very useful for the quick recognition of group D streptococci in the clinical laboratory.
Metodología e innovación docente: fortalezas y debilidades del aprendizaje virtualizado (2012)

Ante los cambios que demanda el nuevo espacio de EEES, debemos plantear un nuevo esquema de aprendizaje en la adquisicion de conocimientos. Se muestran necesarias y relevantes otras tecnicas de ensenanza, nuevas metodologias docentes en las que prime el caracter activo de las mismas, asumiendo el alumnado un papel protagonista en su proceso formativo. Y entre el amplio espectro de metodos posibles, hemos elegido el aprendizaje a traves del uso de las TIC´S, que oferta el Campus Andaluz Virtual. En la presente comunicacion se expone el diseno, implantacion y desarrollo de la asignatura “Sociologia y Educacion para el Desarrollo y la Solidaridad” en relacion a las competencias definidas en la Universidad de Almeria, con instrumentos metodologicos basados en las TIC´s. A traves de un analisis cualitativo de la evaluacion docente que realizaron los alumnos/as de dicha asignatura en el curso academico 2009-10, obtenemos un estudio pormenorizado de las debilidades y fortalezas del mismo, con objeto de mejora. A modo de resumen, sintetizamos las principales ideas extraidas en el “feed-back” con el alumnado; la valoracion positiva se enmarca en el uso de los foros de debate, los enlaces relacionados para ampliar bibliografia y los tutoriales expuestos. Por el contrario, susceptible de mejora se encuentra los problemas de conexion que implica la asignatura virtualizada, la programacion y el funcionamiento poco intuitivo de la plataforma digital.
AIRPORT EXPANSION REQUIRES MAJOR WETLANDS MITIGATION PROJECT. (1994)

This article describes the steps taken to mitigate the impact to existing wetlands by creating new wetlands in an airport expansion project. The project addressed maintaining suitable amounts of wetlands to accommodate peak waterfowl populations, moving of high voltage power transmission towers, and maintaining agricultural and hunting interests. This project involved recreating of open water areas, marsh habitat, mud flat habitat, saline meadow habitat, maintaining two existing wetlands in the area of the new wetlands without disturbing them, and improving upland habitat surrounding the new wetlands.
Therapeutic administration of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody reduces the severity of chikungunya virus disease in rhesus macaques (2017)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a febrile syndrome in humans associated with acute and chronic debilitating joint and muscle pain. Currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available to prevent or treat CHIKV infections. We recently isolated a panel of potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one (4N12) of which exhibited prophylactic and post-exposure therapeutic activity against CHIKV in immunocompromised mice. Here, we describe the development of an engineered CHIKV mAb, designated SVIR001, that has similar antigen binding and neutralization profiles to its parent, 4N12. Because therapeutic administration of SVIR001 in immunocompetent mice significantly reduced viral load in joint tissues, we evaluated its efficacy in a rhesus macaque model of CHIKV infection. Rhesus macaques that were treated after infection with SVIR001 showed rapid elimination of viremia and less severe joint infiltration and disease compared to animals treated with SVIR002, an isotype control mAb. SVIR001 reduced viral burden at the site of infection and at distant sites and also diminished the numbers of activated innate immune cells and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SVIR001 therapy; however, did not substantively reduce the induction of CHIKV-specific B or T cell responses. Collectively, these results show promising therapeutic activity of a human anti-CHIKV mAb in rhesus macaques and provide proof-of-principle for its possible use in humans to treat active CHIKV infections.
The ′onium butyltriphenylborates as novel donor–acceptor initiators for free radical photopolymerization (1997)

Novel donor-acceptor initiators, ′onium butyltriphenylborates, containing both an ′onium cation (electron-accepting radical generator) and a butyltriphenylborate anion (electron-donating radical generator) within the same molecule, are synthesized and investigated for the photopolymerization of an acrylic monomer mixture.