gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dezincification Rate of &alpha;-Brass in Vacuum at High Temperature (1969)

The dezincification of α-brasses (2∼30 wt%Zn) in vacuum at high temperature was investigated by a weight loss measurement. The weight loss was proportional to the square root of time for brasses of low zinc contents, as was expected from the ordinary diffusion mechanism. For the high zinc content, however, the weight loss was found to be proportional to time. For the specimens with intermediate zinc contents (20∼26 wt%Zn), the weight loss-time relation was as follows:(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) When a specimen showed such an unusual time law, voids and micro-cracks were found in the region near the surface by optical microscopic observation. By using an electron probe micro-analyzer, the zinc content was found to be abnormally depressed. In this region.
The Modified Bovine Arterial Graft (1976)

DR ROSENBERG: Studies on the preparation of a chemically modified heterologous artery and its performance as an arterial graft were begun in 1954, at a time when arterial allografts were in widespread use and when work on the first plastic arterial prosthesis had already begun. The collagen tube, which resulted from enzymatic removal of immunoreactive proteins from the bovine carotid wall and subsequent tanning with dialdehyde starch, has since been subjected to extensive long-term testing in both laboratory and clinical situations. Indeed, some 25,000 such grafts have probably been implanted to date, with some applications other than its original use as a peripheral arterial substitute. Our panel was selected for its expertise in one or more of these applications, and the questions are directed to problems encountered and results achieved. Question 1: What has been your long-term patency rate, using the bovine graft as (a) a femoropopliteal bypass above the
Regioselective Benzoylation of 6‐<i>O</i>‐Protected and 4,6‐<i>O</i>‐Diprotected Hexopyranosides as Promoted by Chiral and Achiral Ditertiary 1,2‐Diamines (2002)

Abstract Monobenzoylation of triols (6‐ O ‐silylated glycopyranosides) or diols (4,6‐ O ‐benzylidenated glycopyranosides) with benzoyl chloride and triethylamine at −60° to 23° is promoted by catalytic amounts of ditertiary 1,2‐diamines. The regioselectivity depends mostly on the structure of the alcohols; it is modulated by the configuration and constitution of the diamines, as shown by comparing the effect of Oriyama 's catalyst (( S )‐ 1 and ( R )‐ 1 ), N , N , N ′, N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N , N , N ′, N ′‐tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA), Et 3 N, and EtNMe 2 . The effect of the catalysts on the reactivity is impaired by their steric hindrance. In agreement with the modest enantioselectivity of the mono‐ and dibenzoylation of rac ‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diol in the presence of Oriyama' s catalyst, the influence of these diamines on the regioselectivity is rather limited. While associated with procedural simplicity, these catalysts lead, in a few cases, to higher yields of a single benzoate than established methods, viz. in the preparation of the 3‐ O ‐benzoyl β ‐ D ‐glucopyranoside 4 , the 2‐ O ‐benzoyl α ‐ D ‐galactopyranoside 22 , the 3‐ O ‐benzoyl α ‐ D ‐galactopyranoside 23 , and the benzylidenated 2‐ O ‐benzoyl α ‐ D ‐galactopyranoside 44 . The regioselective benzoylation of the benzylidenated β ‐ D ‐mannopyranoside 47 , leading to 48 , appears to be new.
A yield improvement technique for IC layout using local design rules (1992)

The concept of local design rules is introduced. These are integrated circuit (IC) layout rules that define the optimum feature size and spacing in relation to the surrounding geometry and are used to increase the yield of ICs. The impact of these rules on the performance and reliability of ICs is discussed. Algorithms that enable the automatic application of track displacement, track width, and contact size local design rules to IC layout are presented. Simulation results are provided for some layout examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single Tissue Samples from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas are Representative Regarding the Entire Tumor&rsquo;s Chemosensitivity to Cisplatin and Docetaxel (2009)

In most cases, tissue samples of about 100 mg allow a representative assessment of chemoresponse of HNSCC.
New Positive Inotropic Agents in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (1986)

Newer Phosphodiesterase InhibitorsAmong the most promising recent developments in positive inotropic agents has been the description of a class of drugs that have both potent positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects (Table 1). Initial reports have documented that these drugs do not inhibit sodium–potassium ATPase, nor are their inotropic effects diminished by reserpine-induced depletion of endogenous catecholamine stores, pretreatment with beta-adrenergic or alpha-adrenergic blockers, H2 antagonists, agents that block prostaglandin synthesis, or drugs that selectively block the fast inward sodium channels. Hence, they are often referred to as "non-glycoside, non-sympathomimetic" positive inotropic agents. Although structurally dissimilar from one another . . .
Oxidation of an Automobile Exhaust Gas Mixture by Fiber Catalysts (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of an Automobile Exhaust Gas Mixture by Fiber CatalystsD. M. Nicholas, Y. T. Shah, and I. A. ZlochowerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1976, 15, 1, 29–35Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360057a005https://doi.org/10.1021/i360057a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (1998)

Optical limiting effects in multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been observed in the visible and infrared spectral regions with nanosecond laser pulses. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes investigated include those suspended in distilled water and embedded in polymethyl methacrylate films. Among all the samples measured, the limiting performance of the carbon nanotube suspension is the best with the limiting threshold determined to be ∼1, 5, and 13 J/cm2 at 532, 700, and 1064 nm, respectively. The possible mechanism for the observed effects is discussed.
LFSR-reseeding scheme for achieving test coverage (2013)

As the size and complexity of systems-on-chips continues to grow, the power dissipation during testing becomes very significant problem. During scan shifting, more transitions occur in the flip-flops compared to what occurs during normal functional operation. The proposed encoding scheme can be used in conjunction with partial LFSR reseeding scheme to significantly reduce test power and test storage. Encoding scheme act as the second stage of compression after LFSR reseeding. The number of transition in the scan chain can be reduced by filling the number of unspecified bits in different manner. And also it reduces the number of specified bits through LFSR reseeding to provide better encoding efficiency. This method can prevent all transitions in the non-transitional blocks and can reduce the number of specified bits for the non-transitional blocks.
New Compound. Mixed β-Napthyl Thioethers (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compound. Mixed β-Napthyl ThioethersFrancis Ray and George Bowden, JrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 2, 297Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01242a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01242a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Operating System Concepts for Reconfigurable Computing: Review and Survey (2016)

One of the key future challenges for reconfigurable computing is to enable higher design productivity and a more easy way to use reconfigurable computing systems for users that are unfamiliar with the underlying concepts. One way of doing this is to provide standardization and abstraction, usually supported and enforced by an operating system. This article gives historical review and a summary on ideas and key concepts to include reconfigurable computing aspects in operating systems. The article also presents an overview on published and available operating systems targeting the area of reconfigurable computing. The purpose of this article is to identify and summarize common patterns among those systems that can be seen as de facto standard. Furthermore, open problems, not covered by these already available systems, are identified.
Multibeam Optical System and Neural Processing for Turbidity Measurement (2007)

This paper presents a turbidity measuring system based on a modulated four infrared (IR) light beam architecture with advanced data processing. The turbidity sensing component consists of a pair of IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) connected to a current drive controlled through the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) outputs of a multifunction input/output board. The scattered and transmitted IR light in the media under test is detected by a two-channel IR photodiode module that includes a set of transimpedance and programmable gain amplifier. The voltages proportional to the detectors' output currents, are acquired using a 12-bit ADC included in a microcontroller and RS232 transmitted to a laptop personal computer (PC) that works as an advanced control and processing unit. Using optimal neural network processing architectures, an accurate extraction of the turbidity information is performed. A practical approach concerning the neural network architectures [multilayer perceptron single-input-single-output (SISO), multiple-input-single-output (MISO)] including neural network training and testing is discussed in the paper. The multi-input architectures prove to be a robust and general solution for the proposed application. Results from a turbidity measuring system that was designed for automated standalone remote operation with sensing channel autocalibration capabilities are presented
Use of PET for monitoring cancer therapy and for predicting outcome. (2005)

PET with the glucose analog (18)F-FDG is increasingly used to monitor tumor response in patients undergoing chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Numerous studies have shown that (18)F-FDG PET is an accurate test for differentiating residual viable tumor tissue from therapy-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, quantitative assessment of therapy-induced changes in tumor (18)F-FDG uptake may allow the prediction of tumor response and patient outcome very early in the course of therapy. Treatment may be adjusted according to the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the tumor tissue in an individual patient. Thus, (18)F-FDG PET has an enormous potential to reduce the side effects and costs of ineffective therapy. This review focuses on the practical aspects of (18)F-FDG PET for treatment monitoring and on how to perform a quantitative assessment of tumor (18)F-FDG uptake in clinical studies.
Effect of Wall Elasticity on Hemodynamics and Wall Shear Stress in Patient-Specific Simulations in the Coronary Arteries (2019)

Wall shear stress (WSS) has been shown to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and progression of atherosclerosis. Wall elasticity is an important feature of hemodynamic modeling affecting WSS calculations. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of wall elasticity on WSS, and justify use of either rigid or elastic models in future studies. Digital anatomic models of the aorta and coronaries were created based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in four patients. Hemodynamics was computed in rigid and elastic models using a finite element flow solver. WSS in five timepoints in the cardiac cycle and time averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) were compared between the models at each 3 mm subsegment and 4 arcs in cross sections along the centerlines of coronaries. In the left main (LM), proximal left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and proximal right coronary artery (RCA) of the elastic model, the mean percent radial increase 5.95 ± 1.25, 4.02 ± 0.97, 4.08 ± 0.94, and 4.84 ± 1.05%, respectively. WSS at each timepoint in the cardiac cycle had slightly different values; however, when averaged over the cardiac cycle, there were negligible differences between the models. In both the subsegments (n = 704) and subarc analysis, TAWSS in the two models were highly correlated (r = 0.99). In investigation on the effect of coronary wall elasticity on WSS in CCTA-based models, the results of this study show no significant differences in TAWSS justifying using rigid wall models for future larger studies.
Urinary cytology and bladder cancer. The cellular features of transitional cell neoplasms (1984)

Urinary cytology is increasingly accepted as a diagnostic tool in the detection and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. Its potential value has been reduced, however, by the relative inexperience of most pathologists in the examination of urinary specimens, and by the lack of cellular criteria specifically reflecting the morphology of low-grade papillary and flat lesions of bladder epithelium. The cytologic features of urothelial lesions, including papillary transitional cell carcinomas and flat urothelial dysplasias have been studied in both experimental systems and clinical situations and their application to a selected patient population is presented. Overall, the cytohistologic correlation for patients with bladder cancer was 92%. Positive cells reflecting the morphology of the tumor occurred in 62% of patients with grade I transitional cell carcinomas, and cells suspicious for malignancy were identified in an additional 14% of these individuals. Using the criteria presented, a positive cytology can correlate with a papillary grade I bladder tumor, and should not necessarily indicate the presence of another neoplasm. Dysplastic cells in cytologic specimens are often identified in patients having urothelial dysplasia as the most serious bladder lesion, but the cytologic diagnosis of dysplasia may represent an under-interpretation of a low-grade papillary bladder tumor. The cells of urothelial neoplasms, including low-grade transitional cell carcinomas and dysplasias, differ morphologically both from normal and reactive/reparative elements, and can be detected in cytologic samples. The changes are often subtle and require experience and a cautious approach for accurate interpretation.
Standardized Definition of Structural Valve Degeneration for Surgical and Transcatheter Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves (2018)

Bioprostheses are prone to structural valve degeneration, resulting in limited long-term durability. A significant challenge when comparing the durability of different types of bioprostheses is the lack of a standardized terminology for the definition of a degenerated valve. This issue becomes especially important when we try to compare the degeneration rate of surgically inserted and transcatheter bioprosthetic valves. This document, by the VIVID (Valve-in-Valve International Data), proposes practical and standardized definitions of valve degeneration and provides recommendations for the timing of clinical and imaging follow-up assessments accordingly. Its goal is to improve the quality of research and clinical care for patients with deteriorated bioprostheses by providing objective and strict criteria that can be utilized in future clinical trials. We hope that the adoption of these criteria by both the cardiological and surgical communities will lead to improved comparability and interpretation of durability analyses.
Review: Castration-resistant prostate cancer: new science and therapeutic prospects (2010)

There is a growing number of new therapies targeting different pathways that will revolutionize patient management strategies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Today there are more clinical trial options for CRPC treatment than ever before, and there are many promising agents in late-stage clinical testing. The hypothesis that CRPC frequently remains driven by a ligand-activated androgen receptor (AR) and that CRPC tissues exhibit substantial residual androgen levels despite gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy, has led to the evaluation of new oral compounds such as abiraterone and MDV 3100. Their results, coupled with promising recent findings in immunotherapy (eg sipuleucel-T) and with agents targeting angiogenesis (while awaiting the final results of the CALGB trial 90401) will most probably impact the management of patients with CRPC in the near future. Other new promising agents need further development. With our increased understanding of the biology of this disease, further trial design should incorporate improved patient selection so that patient populations are those who may be most likely to benefit from treatment.
Complexation of tauro‐ and glyco‐conjugated bile salts with three neutral β‐CDs studied by ACE (2007)

Complexation of the bile salts (BS) taurocholate, tauro-beta-muricholate, taurodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, glycocholate, glycodeoxycholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate common in rat, dog, and man with natural beta-CD and the chemically modified beta-CDs 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-CD and 2-O-methyl-beta-CD was studied using mobility shift ACE. The CDs were selected due to their frequent use in preformulation and drug formulation as oral excipients for the solubilization of drug substances with low aqueous solubility. ACE was demonstrated to be a feasible and efficient technique for investigation of the interactions between BS and beta-CDs. All the investigated BS possessed affinity for the three CDs with stability constants ranging from 2x10(3) to 4x10(5) M(-) (1). The requirements and assumptions related to the use of ACE for estimating high affinity stability constants were discussed. The extent and pattern of hydroxylation significantly influenced the affinity of the glyco- and tauro-conjugated BS toward the beta-CDs (chenodeoxycholates >> deoxycholates > cholates) whereas the nature of the beta-CD derivatization and BS conjugation played a minor role only. The results indicate that displacement of drug substances from beta-CD inclusion complexes is likely to occur in the small intestine where BS are present potentially influencing drug bioavailability.
The Role of Guided Imagery and Music in Diagnosing Physical Illness or Trauma (1991)

This article addresses the use of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) with problems of a bodily nature, including physical illness or trauma. Connections between mind and body are outlined from the literature. The technique of GIM is described, its clinical application to physical illness and trauma is outlined and explained, and excerpts from three indicative case studies are presented. GIM-produced imagery sequences are discussed and analyzed in detail with regard to the nature and possibilities of preliminary diagnostic information concerning the physical status of the client. Of the three cases presented, the first addresses recalled memories of physical/sexual trauma elicited by the imagery; the second addresses current acute pain and possible cancer recurrence; the third deals with the ongoing physical status of a client in remission from cancer. In all cases, links between imagery and the body are established and interpretations made regarding physical status. The article concludes with ethical considerations, implications for treatment, and suggestions for further investigation in the use of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music with physical illness or trauma.
Comparing Models of Strategic Thinking in Van Huyck, Battalio, and Beil's Coordination Games (2009)

Journal Article Comparing Models of Strategic Thinking in Van Huyck, Battalio, and Beil's Coordination Games Get access Miguel A. Costa-Gomes, Miguel A. Costa-Gomes 1University of Aberdeen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vincent P. Crawford, Vincent P. Crawford 2University of California, San Diego Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nagore Iriberri Nagore Iriberri 3Universitat Pompeu Fabra Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the European Economic Association, Volume 7, Issue 2-3, 1 May 2009, Pages 365–376, https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.2-3.365 Published: 01 May 2009
Synthesis and characterisation of manganese(II) compounds with tetradentate ligands based on the bispidine backbone (1998)

Reaction of the tetradentate ligand dimethyl 3,7-dimethyl-9-oxo-2,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,5-dicarboxylate (L1) with manganese(II) chloride or iodide in methanol yielded [MnL1Cl2] and [MnL1I2], respectively. Reaction with silver(I) triflate Ag(O3SCF3) converted these compounds into [MnL1(O3SCF3)2]. Reduction of L1 with NaBH4 in MeOH and LiAlH4 in THF led to the triol 1,5-bis(hydroxymethylene)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ol (L2); the reduction is stereoselective and yields the syn isomer. Complexation of manganese(II) chloride and iodide with L2 produced [MnL2Cl2] and [MnL2I2] and these have a higher thermal stability than [MnL1X2]. The complexes [MnL1Cl2], [MnL1I2], [MnL1(O3SCF3)2], [MnL2Cl2] and [MnL2I2] are characterised spectroscopically, electrochemically and by their magnetic, conductometric, thermal and structural properties (X-ray analyses of [MnL1Cl2] and [MnL2Cl2]).
Formulating effective self-tanners with DHA (1994)

We review the research involving DHA (dihydroxyacetone) in cosmetics and discuss the author's recent studies