gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidose Pharmacokinetics of Ritonavir and Zidovudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients (1998)

The effect of coadministration of ritonavir and zidovudine (ZDV) on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs was investigated in a three-period, multidose, crossover study. Eighteen asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-positive men were assigned randomly to six different sequences of the following three regimens: ZDV (200 mg every 8 h [q8h] alone for 4 days, ritonavir (300 mg q6h) alone for 4 days, and ZDV with ritonavir for 4 days. Ritonavir pharmacokinetics were unaffected by coadministration with ZDV. However, ZDV exposure was reduced by about 26% (P < 0.05) in the presence of ritonavir. The maximum concentration in (Cmax) of ZDV plasma decreased from 748 +/- 375 (mean +/- standard deviation) to 546 +/- 296, and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) decreased from 3,052 +/- 1,007 to 2,261 +/- 715 when coadministered with ritonavir. In contrast, the ZDV elimination rate constant was unaffected by ritonavir, suggesting that there was no change in ZDV systemic metabolism. Correspondingly, differences in ZDV-glucuronide Cmax and AUC were not statistically significantly different between regimens (P > 0.31). Also, there were no apparent differences in the formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine or in the adverse event profiles between the regimens. The lack of change in ritonavir pharmacokinetics suggests that dosage adjustment of ritonavir is unnecessary when it is administered concurrently with ZDV. The clinical relevance of a 26% reduction in ZDV exposure when ZDV is administered with ritonavir is unknown. In addition to other multidrug regimens, the long-term safety and efficacy of coadministration of ritonavir and ZDV is being investigated.
Multi-camera Object Tracking (2009)

The main difficulty in multiple-camera tracking system is that the correct relationship to the same object between the multiple-camera is established.It can track the object in multi-camera video surveillance system of non-overlapping,using constraint conditions of the time and space when the object both leaving and entering the view of the camera,combined with the color histogram matching method.The immediacy and the accurate for avoiding the match to all of the objects in the view are improved.
Efficient Electron Flux Conversion from Strongly Hydrophilic NADH Model in the Transmembrane Electron Transfer by Flavolipid (1988)

Abstract By using a strongly hydrophilic NADH model, BzNAHCOOK in the external electron donor, a transmembrane electron transport to the internal acceptor, K3[Fe(CN)6] through the flavolipid (1) was observed. BzNAHCOOK was proved to be an appropriate NADH model in the transmembrane electron transport study because of (i) the very low permeability through the bilayer membrane (k=1.0×10−3 s−1) and (ii) the slow hydration rate (k=1.1×10−5 s−1). The artificial liposome modified with the flavolipid showed a 6–7 times more efficient electron flux conversion from BzNAHCOOK to K3[Fe(CN)6] than the liposome modified with the ubiquinone 10, a biologically important electron carrier. In association with the electron transport, electrochemical oxidation and reduction peaks of the flavolipid incorporated into the liposomal membrane were observed clearly by using Hg-electrode.
The relationship between personal values and tourism behaviour: a segmentation approach (2010)

The objective of this study was to segment a general population based on their personal values, and then compare the resulting value-based segments in terms of their tourism behaviour. Subsequently, a representative sample (N = 1000) of the Norwegian population was first, through a cluster analysis, divided into four distinct segments by personal values. These segments were labelled as traditional idealists, modern idealists, traditional materialists, and modern materialists. The four segments were then, through a MANOVA, compared based on tourism behaviour (i.e. a set of push and pull travel motives, and a set of travel activity preferences). The results indicated that the segments statistically differed. For instance, the idealists (both traditional and modern) considered hedonistic travel motives more important than the materialists (both traditional and modern). Theoretical and practical implications are also provided.
Distribution of the pressure-regulated operons in deep-sea bacteria (1998)

DNA regions corresponding to portions of two different pressure-regulated operons previously identified in two deep-sea barophilic bacteria were separately PCR amplified from a variety of deep-sea microorganisms and sequenced. With the two sets of primers employed, amplification was particularly successful from the more barophilic bacteria examined. 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that these bacteria are all phylogenetically related and belong in a sub-branch of the genus Shewanella containing only the deep-sea Shewanella barophilic bacteria. We define this sub-branch as the 'Shewanella barophile branch' containing at least two different species. Our results suggest that the DNA sequences of the pressure-regulated operons can be regarded as marker sequences to identify the Shewanella barophilic strains.
Syntheses of the (±)-[n]-gingerols (pungent principles of ginger) and related compounds through regioselective aldol condensations: relative pungency assays (1981)

The deprotonation of trimethylsilylzingerone (13) by lithium di-isopropylamide at –78 °C has been found to be regioselective (92 : 8 in favour of less-substituted enolate): the anion was condensed with alkanals and acyl imidazoles to give convenient syntheses of the (±)-[2]–[10]- and -[12]-gingerols (1) and [4]-, [6]-, and [8]-gingerdiones (9). Similarly, 3-methoxy-4-trimethylsilyloxybenzylideneacetone (17) gave the (±)-[2]–[10]-dehydrogingerols (8) and [4]-, [6]-, and [8]-dehydrogingerdiones (10).The aldol reaction to [6]-gingerol and methyl [6]-gingerol was also conducted through a vinyloxyborane or through the enol silyl ether (TiCl4 catalysis). Results of organoleptic assays on these compounds are discussed, and the relation between pungency in the gingerols and in capsaicin is commented on. The aldol method was also used to synthesise the natural β-ketols(±)-daphneolone (25) and (±)-hexahydrocurcumin (4).
A study of technologies for Client/Server applications (2000)

The growing size and complexity of software systems has exposed many shortcomings of traditional software engineering models. This has increased interest in Client/Server development. The driving force of Client/Server computing is the fundamental belief that personal computers connected to small servers provide the best price-performance. One of the most important decisions a developer needs to make is to choose the optimum development technologies and tools. This has become more feasible with the advent of the powerful specialized Client/Server development technologies and tools. The purpose of this paper is to identify the various Client/Server technologies that are available, and to explain how the technologies are used, and compare and contrast these various technologies in the Client/Server model. In order to give a better overview of these technologies and tools, this paper will utilize a simulated e-commerce online book-order model. The technologies will be used to implement this model.
Degradation of pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-proline amide by a pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase purified from membrane fractions of bovine brain (1997)

Conference Abstract| February 01 1997 Degradation of pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-proline amide by a pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase purified from membrane fractions of bovine brain JULIE A. KELLY; JULIE A. KELLY 1Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CHRISTINE E. LOSCHER; CHRISTINE E. LOSCHER 1Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SEAN GALLAGHER; SEAN GALLAGHER *School of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BRENDAN O'CONNOR BRENDAN O'CONNOR *School of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (1): 114S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025114s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JULIE A. KELLY, CHRISTINE E. LOSCHER, SEAN GALLAGHER, BRENDAN O'CONNOR; Degradation of pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-proline amide by a pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase purified from membrane fractions of bovine brain. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1997; 25 (1): 114S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025114s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: MCA, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, fmoc, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, TFA, trifluoroacetic acid, PAP, pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase, PE, prolyl oligopeptidase, CN, nitrile This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
KINETIC STUDY OF THE HORNER-REACTION. II (1983)

Abstract The results of the kinetic study of the Horner-reaction between m- and p-substituted benzaldehydes and two 2-carbethoxymethyl-substituted phosphinates (III and IV), and corresponding phosphine oxides (V and VI) in ethanolic sodium ethoxide are reported. The kinetics of the reactions are overall third order, first order in aldehyde, ethoxide and phosphinate, or phosphine oxide. The rates of the reaction are found to be increased by electron-withdrawing substituents in the benzaldehydes, in accordance with a rate-determining addition of the phosphoryl stabilized carbanion to the carbonyl group in the aldehydes. Phosphinate (III) are found to react about 35 times faster than the analogous phosphine oxide (V), in spite of the nearly equal p K-values of the two compounds. This rate effect is discussed in terms of their ability, in the reactions with aldehydes, to form a pentacoordinated intermediate. Within each group of compounds, the rate of the reaction is found to increase with increasing basicity of the phosphoryl stabilized carbanion.
Vitamin D and the skin: an ancient friend, revisited (2007)

Most vertebrates need vitamin D to develop and maintain a healthy mineralized skeleton. However, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, exerts a multitude of important physiological effects independent from the regulation of calcium and bone metabolism. We know today that the skin has a unique role in the human body's vitamin D endocrine system. It is the only site of vitamin D photosynthesis, and has therefore a central role in obtaining a sufficient vitamin D status. Additionally, the skin has the capacity to synthesize the biologically active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and represents an important target tissue for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). In keratinocytes and other cell types, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulates growth and differentiation. Consequently, vitamin D analogues have been introduced for the treatment of the hyperproliferative skin disease psoriasis. Recently, sebocytes were identified as 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive target cells, indicating that vitamin D analogues may be effective in the treatment of acne. Other new functions of vitamin D analogues include profound effects on the immune system as well as in various tissues protection against cancer and other diseases, including autoimmune and infectious diseases. It can be speculated that the investigation of biological effects of vitamin D analogues will lead to new therapeutic applications that, besides cancer prevention, may include the prevention and treatment of infectious as well as of inflammatory skin diseases. Additionally, it can be assumed that dermatological recommendations on sun protection and health campaigns for skin cancer prevention will have to be re-evaluated to guarantee a sufficient vitamin D status.
Biocontrol of the Food-Borne Pathogens <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Poona on Fresh-Cut Apples with Naturally Occurring Bacterial and Yeast Antagonists (2006)

Fresh-cut apples contaminated with either Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella enterica serovar Poona, using strains implicated in outbreaks, were treated with one of 17 antagonists originally selected for their ability to inhibit fungal postharvest decay on fruit. While most of the antagonists increased the growth of the food-borne pathogens, four of them, including Gluconobacter asaii (T1-D1), a Candida sp. (T4-E4), Discosphaerina fagi (ST1-C9), and Metschnikowia pulcherrima (T1-E2), proved effective in preventing the growth or survival of food-borne human pathogens on fresh-cut apple tissue. The contaminated apple tissue plugs were stored for up to 7 days at two different temperatures. The four antagonists survived or grew on the apple tissue at 10 or 25 degrees C. These four antagonists reduced the Listeria monocytogenes populations and except for the Candida sp. (T4-E4), also reduced the S. enterica serovar Poona populations. The reduction was higher at 25 degrees C than at 10 degrees C, and the growth of the antagonists, as well as pathogens, increased at the higher temperature.
Induction of transcription within chromosomal DNA loops flanked by MAR elements causes an association of loop DNA with the nuclear matrix (2005)

The spatial organization of an approximately 170 kb region of human chromosome 19, including CD22 and GPR40-GPR43 genes, was studied using in situ hybridization of a set of cosmid and PAC probes with nuclear halos prepared from proliferating and differentiated HL60 cells. The whole region under study was found to be looped out into the nuclear halo in proliferating cells. It is likely that the loop observed was attached to the nuclear matrix via MAR elements present at the flanks of the area under study. Upon dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of the cells the looped fragment became associated with the nuclear matrix. This change in the spatial organization correlated with the activation of transcription of at least two (CD22 and GPR43) genes present within the loop. The data obtained are discussed in the framework of the hypothesis postulating that the spatial organization of chromosomal DNA is maintained via constitutive (basic) and facultative (transcription-related) interactions of the latter with the nuclear matrix.
Molecular basis of thrombin recognition by protein C inhibitor revealed by the 1.6-Å structure of the heparin-bridged complex (2008)

Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a serpin with many roles in biology, including a dual role as pro- and anticoagulant in blood. The protease specificity and local function of PCI depend on its interaction with cofactors such as heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and thrombomodulin (TM). Both cofactors significantly increase the rate of thrombin inhibition, but GAGs serve to promote the anticoagulant activity of PCI, and TM promotes its procoagulant function. To gain insight into how PCI recognition of thrombin is aided by these cofactors, we determined a crystallographic structure of the Michaelis complex of PCI, thrombin, and heparin to 1.6 A resolution. Thrombin interacts with PCI in an unusual fashion that depends on the length of PCI's reactive center loop (RCL) to align the heparin-binding sites of the two proteins. The principal exosite contact is engendered by movement of thrombin's 60-loop in response to the unique P2 Phe of PCI. This mechanism of communication between the active site of thrombin and its recognition exosite is previously uncharacterized and may relate to other thrombin substrate-cofactor interactions. The cofactor activity of heparin thus depends on the formation of a heparin-bridged Michaelis complex and substrate-induced exosite contacts. We also investigated the cofactor effect of TM, establishing that TM bridges PCI to thrombin through additional direct interactions. A model of the PCI-thrombin-TM complex was built and evaluated by mutagenesis and suggests distinct binding sites for heparin and TM on PCI. These data significantly improve our understanding of the cofactor-dependent roles of PCI in hemostasis.
The effect of the calibrated velocity on the microseismic event location precision (2013)

Event location is critical for microseismic monitoring and has become increasing more important in microseismic data processing. Many factors such as observation geometry, first arrival picking, the inversion algorithm, azimuth and velocity are taken into consideration with regard to improving the event location precision. However, we may neglect to consider the strong regional influence of the velocity which calibrated by the single perforation, the dynamic change of the velocity with the fracturing liquid injection and how these impact the global error or local error of the microseismic events. In this paper, we focus on an analysis of the main reasons why the perforationcalibrated velocity results in the event location determination error. Also, we propose the multi-stage perforation velocity calibration (MPVC) technique to get an optimal velocity to locate the microseismic events. This method will be of benefit by helping to resolve the regional characteristics of the velocity and produce a more reliable velocity by reducing the influence of the dynamic change of the velocity with the fracturing liquid injection. Through a theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, this method will be shown to improve the event location precision.
Transfer of a normal human chromosome 11 suppresses tumorigenicity of some but not all tumor cell lines (1990)

The complete suppression of tumorigenicity of a human cervical cancer cell (HeLa) and a Wilms' tumor cell line (G401) following the introduction via microcell fusion of a single chromosome t(X;11) has been demonstrated by Stanbridge and co-workers. To determine whether other tumor cell lines are suppressed by chromosome 11, we performed chromosome transfer experiments via microcell fusion into various human tumor cell lines, including a uterine cervical carcinoma (SiHa), a rhabdomyosarcoma (A204), a uterine endometrial carcinoma (HHUA), a renal cell carcinoma (YCR-1), and a rat ENU-induced nephroblastoma (ENU-T1). We first isolated a mouse A9 cell containing a single human chromosome 11 with integrated pSV2-neo plasmid DNA. Following microcell fusion of the neo-marked chromosome 11 with the various tumors mentioned above, we isolated clones that were resistant to G418 and performed karyotypic analyses and chromosomal in situ hybridization to ensure the transfer of the marked chromosome. Whereas the parental cells of each cell line were highly tumorigenic, SiHa and A204 microcell hybrid clones at early passages were nontumorigenic in nude mice and HHUA was moderately tumorigenic. On the other hand, YCR-1 and ENU-T1 microcell hybrid clones were still highly tumorigenic following the introduction of chromosome 11. Thus, the introduction of a normal chromosome 11 suppresses the tumorigenicity of some but not all tumors, suggesting that the function of the putative suppressor gene(s) on chromosome 11 is effective only in specific tumors.
Circadian rhythm disorders in manic-depressives. (1978)

Seven circular manic-depressives were studied through complete of cycles of mania and depression. In five subjects, there was evidence that a circadian rhythm free-ran fast (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.002 in two of the subjects), and in five subjects, there was evidence that lithium slowed a circadian rhythm. The palliative benefit of lithium may derive from slowing or delaying an overfast circadian clock to prevent desynchronization. Two subjects whose circadian clocks seemed too slow were lithium nonresponders (p less than 0.05). As circadian clock frequency may be transmitted on an X-chromosome gene and may increase with age, a circadian etiology is consistent with the genetics and age distribution of manic-depressive illness. Affective disturbances could be evolutionary remnants of the photo-periodic seasonal responses in animals.
Discordance of assay methods creates pitfalls for the interpretation of prostate‐specific antigen values (1996)

BACKGROUND The availability of numerous different assays for the determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has created substantial problems in the interpretation of PSA concentrations. Currently over 60 assays are commercially offered on the European market. The majority of the recently marketed assays are based on the commonly used reference range (<4 ng/ml), although this rarely has been verified. Some manufacturers avoid specifying the range altogether, while others derive the data from very small collectives. Reference ranges established with sera of young males or even with an unspecified proportion of sera of females are not suitable for assessing the specificity of PSA assays for detecting prostate cancer among males older than age 50 years. Most manufacturers recommend that their assays not be used for diagnostic purposes but only for following up patients previously diagnosed with prostate cancer. Usually the physician remains unaware of this warning as well as of the name of the assay used. Since PSA concentrations may vary in identical samples by a factor of two depending on the assay used, the clinician in charge of interpreting the results needs to be aware of the method used and must have detailed information on the assay-specific reference range. CONCLUSIONS Without detailed information concerning the assay, PSA loses its diagnostic and prognostic value. Apart from unnecessarily causing anxiety to the patient, the results may be prostate cancers overlooked or biopsies unnecessarily performed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Specific polyadenylation and purification of total messenger RNA from Escherichia coli (1997)

Obtaining pure mRNA preparations from prokaryotes has been difficult, if not impossible, for want of a poly(A) tail on these messages. We have used poly(A) polymerase from yeast to effect specific polyadenylation of Escherichia coli polysomal mRNA in the presence of magnesium and manganese. The polyadenylated total mRNA, which could be subsequently purified by binding to and elution from oligo(dT) beads, had a size range of 0.4-4.0 kb. We have used hybridization to a specific plasmid-encoded gene to further confirm that the polyadenylated species represented mRNA. Withdrawal of Mg2+ from the polyadenylation reaction resulted in addition of poly(A) to 16S rRNA despite the presence of Mn2+, indicating the vital role of Mg2+ in maintaining the native structure of polysomes. Complete dissociation of polysomes into ribosomal subunits resulted in quantitative polyadenylation of both 16S and 23S rRNA species. Chromosomal lacZ gene-derived messages were quantitatively recovered in the oligo(dT)-bound fraction, as demonstrated by RT-PCR analysis. Potential advantages that accrue from the availability of pure total mRNA from prokaryotes is discussed.