gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linac mechanic QA using a cylindrical phantom (2008)

Precise mechanical operation of a linear accelerator (linac) is critical for accurate radiation therapy dose delivery. Quantitative procedures for linac mechanical quality assurance (QA) used in the standard of care are time consuming and therefore conducted on a relatively infrequent basis. We present a method for evaluating the mechanical performance of a linac based on a series of projection portal images of a prototype cylindrical phantom with embedded radiopaque fiducial markers. The marker autodetection process included modeling imager response to the radiation beam where the projected cylinder attenuation yielded a non-uniform image background. The linac mechanical characteristics were estimated based on nonlinear multi-objective optimization of the projected marker locations. The estimated geometry parameters for the tested commercial model were gantry angle deviation 0.075 +/- 0.076 degrees (1 SD), gantry sag 0.026 +/- 0.02 degrees , source-to-axis distance SAD 998.3 +/- 1.7 mm, source-to-detector distance SDD 1493 +/- 5.0 mm, couch vertical motion 0.6 +/- 0.45 mm, couch rotation 0.154 +/- 0.1 degrees and average linac rotation center (1.02, -0.27, -0.37) +/- (0.36,0.333,1.20) mm relative to the laser intersection. The imager shift was [-0.44, 2.6] +/- [0.20, 1.1] mm and the imager orientation was in-plane rotation 0.05 +/- 0.03 degrees , roll -0.14 +/- 0.09 degrees and pitch -0.9 +/- 0.604 degrees . The performance of this procedure concerning marker detection and optimization was examined by comparing the detected set of marker coordinates to its back-calculated counterpart for three subgroups of markers: central, wall and intermediate relative to the center of the phantom. The maximum difference was less than 0.25 mm with a mean of 0.146 mm and a standard deviation of 0.07 mm. The clinical use of this automated procedure will allow more efficient, more thorough, and more frequent mechanical linac QA.
High‐resolution X‐ray structure of UDP‐galactose 4‐epimerase complexed with UDP‐phenol (1996)

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. In recent years, the enzyme has been the subject of intensive investigation due in part to its ability to facilitate nonstereospecific hydride transfer between beta-NADH and a 4-keto hexopyranose intermediate. The first molecular model of the epimerase from E. coli was solved to 2.5 A resolution with crystals grown in the presence of a substrate analogue, UDP-phenol (Bauer AJ, Rayment I, Frey PA, Holden HM, 1992, Proteins Struct Funct Genet 12:372-381). There were concerns at the time that the inhibitor did not adequately mimic the sugar moiety of a true substrate. Here we describe the high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the ternary complex of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase with NADH and UDP-phenol. The model was refined to 1.8 A resolution with a final overall R-factor of 18.6%. This high-resolution structural analysis demonstrates that the original concerns were unfounded and that, in fact, UDP-phenol and UDP-glucose bind similarly. The carboxamide groups of the dinucleotides, in both subunits, are displaced significantly from the planes of the nicotinamide rings by hydrogen bonding interactions with Ser 124 and Tyr 149. UDP-galactose 4-epimerase belongs to a family of enzymes known as the short-chain dehydrogenases, which contain a characteristic Tyr-Lys couple thought to be important for catalysis. The epimerase/NADH/UDP-phenol model presented here represents a well-defined ternary complex for this family of proteins and, as such, provides important information regarding the possible role of the Tyr-Lys couple in the reaction mechanism.
Flash gas bypass concept utilizing low pressure refrigerants (2011)

Flash gas bypass represents one of the prospective approaches to improve the efficiency of various small scale heat transfer systems that utilize refrigerant as a working fluid. It is characterized by the bypass of vapor created throughout the expansion process around the evaporator. As the advantages of flash gas removal in R744 systems are observed, it is of scientific interest to elaborate the same approach in R134a or similar low pressure refrigerant A/C systems. The main reason for this is the fact that lower pressure fluids are more affected by pressure drop, therefore flash gas removal which reduces low system side pressure drop will be more beneficial utilizing these fluids.\nThis project developed a methodology for studying phase separation in compact vessels and analyzing their impact inR134a automotive A/C systems. The flash gas bypass concept would be attractive for commercial implementation if a compact separation vessel could efficiently separate refrigerant phases over wide ranges of flow conditions and the simple flow controlling device could be exploited in the flash gas bypass line. It would be convenient if the phase separation vessel could be implemented in the evaporator header. A methodic approach has been implemented analyzing T -junctions as a starting design, studying the mechanisms of phase separation and paving the way towards more advanced geometries. To our knowledge, the idea of implementing compact and efficient separation devices in the heat exchanger header is a unique approach that is not been studied elsewhere. .\nTwo T-junctions with inlet tube diameters 8.7 mm and 12 mm, with body diameters 18.3 and 23.8 mm respectively, are examined and analyzed at a range of mass flow rates and vapor qualities typically found in automotive A/C systems. The quantification of both vapor and liquid phase separation efficiencies has been defined. The 18.3 mm body diameter T-junction could efficiently separate liquid up to 30 g/s and 20 % vapor quality, while the 23.8 mm diameter flash tank could perform efficient phase separation up to 45 g/s and 15 % vapor quality. Based on the observed phase separation phenomena, separation enhancers could increase the separation efficiency. \nThe impact on the A/C system level has been analyzed using a T-junction with 23.8 mm body diameter. At matched capacities to the Baseline DX system, the Flash Gas Bypass system showed significant improvements in the system efficiency (COP), up to 55%. The reason for such high improvement lies in the fact that the evaporator was slightly undersized when compared to the rest of the A/C system components. A needle valve was utilized to control the flash gas bypass flow. The flash gas bypass valve opening had a significant effect on system performance. , The system had the highest improvement in COP with the flash gas bypass valve opened ?? turn (valve flow coefficient approximately 0.25), when compared to the Baseline DX configuration at matched capacity. This shows the prospect of implementing a simple regulating device such as an orifice tube.
Optical wavelength shifting by traveling-wave electrooptic modulation (1993)

Optical wavelength shifting of 1.054-nm laser pulses in excess of +or- 10 wavenumbers (+or- 300 GHz) was demonstrated. The wavelength shifter consists of synchronous microwave and optical waveguides fabricated monolithically on LiNbO/sub 3/. An optical pulse experiences a constant refractive index gradient that travels with the pulse and causes the wavelength shift.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of charge state and amino acid composition on hydrogen transfer in electron capture dissociation of peptides (2010)

Although conventional N-Cα bond cleavage in electron capture dissociation (ECD) of multiply-charged peptides generates a complementary c' and z(·) fragment pair, the N-Cα cleavage followed by hydrogen transfer from c' to z(·) fragments produces other fragments, namely c(·) and z'. In this study, the influence of charge state and amino acid composition on hydrogen transfer in ECD is described using sets of peptides. Hydrogen transferred ionic species such as c(·) and z' were observed in ECD spectra of doubly-protonated peptides, while the triply-protonated form did not demonstrate hydrogen transfer. The extent of hydrogen transfer in ECD of doubly-protonated peptides was dependent on constituent amino acids. The ECD of doubly-protonated peptides possessing numerous basic sites showed extensive hydrogen transfer compared with ECD of less basic peptides. The extent of hydrogen transfer is discussed from the viewpoints of the structure of peptide ions, the possibility of internal hydrogen bonding and intermediate lifetime of complex [c' + z(·)].
Interstitial solute transport in 3D reconstructed neuropil occurs by diffusion rather than bulk flow (2017)

The brain lacks lymph vessels and must rely on other mechanisms for clearance of waste products, including amyloid [Formula: see text] that may form pathological aggregates if not effectively cleared. It has been proposed that flow of interstitial fluid through the brain's interstitial space provides a mechanism for waste clearance. Here we compute the permeability and simulate pressure-mediated bulk flow through 3D electron microscope (EM) reconstructions of interstitial space. The space was divided into sheets (i.e., space between two parallel membranes) and tunnels (where three or more membranes meet). Simulation results indicate that even for larger extracellular volume fractions than what is reported for sleep and for geometries with a high tunnel volume fraction, the permeability was too low to allow for any substantial bulk flow at physiological hydrostatic pressure gradients. For two different geometries with the same extracellular volume fraction the geometry with the most tunnel volume had [Formula: see text] higher permeability, but the bulk flow was still insignificant. These simulation results suggest that even large molecule solutes would be more easily cleared from the brain interstitium by diffusion than by bulk flow. Thus, diffusion within the interstitial space combined with advection along vessels is likely to substitute for the lymphatic drainage system in other organs.
Variable resolution topographic mapping of ancient fluvial landscapes in Australia (1998)

Topographic features often exhibit great spatial variability over a region and can thereby be represented efficiently on variable resolution grids. Repeat pass INSAR from space-based sensors has relatively coarse spatial resolution but broad coverage and can be used effectively to develop regional digital elevation models (DEMs), while airborne TOPSAR provides superior spatial and vertical resolution but limited coverage. This study investigates the application of the distributed adaptive grid hierarchy (DAGH) data structure for developing an integrated, interferometry based DEM of the regional landscape of the Finke River in the Northern Territory of Australia using ERS and TOPSAR data.
Diamond micro-optics (2003)

Diamond has the widest optical transparency window (220 nm and above) and the highest thermal conductivity of all materials known. It is therefore attractive to fabricate diffractive or refractive optical elements in diamond for e.g. high-power laser applications. In this paper we describe the transfer of several micro-optical structures, originally made in resist, into diamond of optical quality. This paper describes for the first time how refractive microlenses and diffractive fan-out elements have been fabricated in diamond.
Clinical performance of a blood gas monitor (1993)

Clinical performance of this fluorescent, optode-based blood gas monitoring system demonstrates stability, consistency, and accuracy comparable to modern blood gas analyzers. This system withstood the normal abuse and rigors of clinical conditions common to the ICU while reliably performing in critically ill patients for up to 80 hrs. Use of the device did not significantly alter the function or longevity normally expected from a 20-gauge radial artery catheter. We submit that this blood gas monitoring system can replace the use of blood gas analyzers for ICU patients with indwelling arterial catheters.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of metronidazole colon - targeted tablet in healthy Chinese volunteers (2006)

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of metronidazole colon-targeted tablets and normal tablet in healthy volunteers. Methods Metronidazole colon-targeted and normal reference tablets 200 mg were given to twenty healthy male Chinese volunteers in a single and multiple oral dosing open labeled, randomized two-way crossover study. Plasma metronidazole concentrations were determined by HPLC method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 2.1 software.Results The main pharmcokinetic parameters were as follows.Single dose: C_ maxwere (3.05±0.63) and (4.44±0.56) μg·mL -1, t_ maxwere (9.10±1.90) and (1.50±0.60) h, t_ 1/2 (9.93±2.14) and (9.36±2.40) h, AUC_ 0-48 hwere (48.74±11.56) and (53.79±9.25) μg·h·mL -1, respectively, with F being (91.30±18.60)%.Multiple dose: C_ maxwere (7.75±2.57) and ( 10.27±2.08) μg·mL -1, C_ minwere (6.86±2.36) and (6.34± 1.48)μg·mL -1, C_ avwere (4.83±1.66) and (7.65±1.59) μg·mL -1, DF were (0.31±1.26) and (0.52±0.10), t_ 1/2were ( 10.51± 2.39) and (9.97±2.40) h, AUC_ ss(38.65±13.30) and (61.23±12.71) μg·h·mL -1, AUC_ 0-48 hwere (158.23±66.84) and (144.39±48.50) μg·h·mL -1, respectively, with F being (110.10± 25.20)%.Conclusion The two praperations werebioequivalent in absorption with significant difference in the C_ max.While the time to peak of plasma concentration for the colon-targeted tablets was significantly delayed, which was a manifestation of its targeted release property in colon.
A facile fabrication technique for stretchable interconnects and transducers via laser carbonization (2015)

This paper presents a facile, low-cost approach for fabricating highly-porous conductive carbon patterns on elastomeric substrates using laser carbonization of polyimide and its subsequent transfer onto a PDMS sheet. Using this technique, we fabricated stretchable interconnects and an array of piezoresistive tactile sensors. Raman spectra of pyrolyzed carbon regions revealed that under optimal laser settings, one can obtain highly porous carbon particles, nanotubes, and graphite sheets with sheet resistances as low as 50 Ω/. Characterizations of the stretchable patterns showed linear sensitivities of 8.912 kΩ/ε% and 518Ω/N in response to strain and normal force, respectively.
Three-Dimensional Growth of Human Hepatoma C3A Cells within Alginate Beads for Fluidized Bioartificial Liver (2008)

Cultivation of the hepatic C3A cells within the alginate microbeads significantly improved bioreactor effectiveness in albumin production. The presence of extensions of cell membranes on the surface of hepatoma cells in 3-dimensional culture within the alginate beads indicated formation of microvilli-like structures characteristic of normal hepatocytes.
Small beam-switched antenna with RF switch for wireless LAN (2004)

We propose a small beam-switched antenna using slot Yagi-Uda antenna design with an RF switch for wireless LAN (802.11a). The beam of this antenna is given quad-orthogonal directi~ly by using an RF switch to exchange director and reflector roles. Antenna size is 40mm square. Thickness is lmm. We include a description of indoor throughput performance using this beam-switched antenna. Compared with common omni-directional antennas, using this beam-switched antenna improves throughput more than 150%.
Admission control, power control and QoS analyses for ad hoc wireless networks (2002)

For ad hoc wireless mobile networks, we present several criteria and algorithms to control the admission of new transceivers and to balance the tradeoff between power consumption and link maintenance. From a random graph theoretic perspective, we first propose an admission control scheme based on the evolution of ad hoc networks. This also provides analyses on QoS assurance and pricing schemes. For the power control problem, based on thresholding phenomena in random graph models, we balance power conservation and interference mitigation with network performance criteria such as robust routing, multicasting, transmission delay and length of multi-hop transmissions.
Thermal Infrared Reflective Metal Oxide Sol-Gel Coatings for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Structures (2013)

Engineering Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact
Chemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride.<sup>1</sup> V. Preparation of Sulfur Oxytetrafluoride and Sulfur Hexafluoride by Oxidation of Sulfur Tetrafluoride (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride.1 V. Preparation of Sulfur Oxytetrafluoride and Sulfur Hexafluoride by Oxidation of Sulfur TetrafluorideWilliam C. Smith and Vaughn A. EngelhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 3838–3840Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Friend or foe? Carbon monoxide and the mitochondria (2015)

OPINION article Front. Physiol., 03 February 2015Sec. Mitochondrial Research Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00017
The chemical constitution of lipid A from <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (1970)

The lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens, under mild hydrolysis conditions (0.25 N H 2 SO 4 for 2.5 h at 100°), yielded a lipid A containing D-glucosamine, fatty acids, acetyl and phosphate groups (approximate molar ratio 3:9:4:2), a small amount of ethanolamine, and a trace of galactosamine. Lipid A on methylation and subsequent hydrolysis yielded 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-glucosamine and 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucosamine identified by gas–liquid chromatography as their glucitol acetates. These sugars were further identified by ninhydrin degradation to yield 2,3-di-O-methyl-L-arabinose and 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose. From these findings, it was concluded that the D-glucosamine units in the lipid A were linked 1 → 6. A negative optical rotation of the lipid A suggested a β linkage. On the basis of the glycosidic linkage evidence and additional compositional data, a possible structure for the lipid A of S. marcescens is proposed and discussed in detail.
Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative per cent survival in rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> (Walbaum), following immunization and challenge with <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> (2002)

Abstract Serum and mucosal antibody responses of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , were characterized by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunization with various preparations of formalin‐killed Flavobacterium psychrophilum cells. The protective nature of these preparations was then determined by immunizing rainbow trout fry and challenging with the bacterium. Juvenile rainbow trout immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with formalin‐killed F. psychrophilum emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and i.p. with formalin‐killed F. psychrophilum either with or without culture supernatant generated significant serum antibody responses by 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. Significant mucosal antibody responses were detected by 9 weeks only in fish immunized i.p. with killed F. psychrophilum /FCA. Following immunization and bacterial challenge of rainbow trout fry, protective immunity was conferred in F. psychrophilum /FCA and saline/FCA groups with relative per cent survival values of up to 83 and 51, respectively. Significant protection was not observed in treatment groups immunized by immersion or i.p. without adjuvant at the challenge doses tested. Results suggest that stimulation of non‐specific immune factors enhances the ability of fish to mount a protective immune response, but specific antibody appears necessary to provide near complete protection. In this study, an ELISA was developed to monitor anti‐ F. psychrophilum antibody production in trout. The relationship of such responses to protective immunity suggests that future vaccination strategies against coldwater disease may require stimulation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response.
The UTX gene escapes X inactivation in mice and humans (1998)

We recently have identified a ubiquitously transcribed mouse Y chromosome gene, Uty , which encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein. A peptide derived from the UTY protein confers H-Y antigenicity on male cells. Here we report the characterization of a widely transcribed X-linked homologue of Uty , called Utx , which maps to the proximal region of the mouse X chromosome and which detects a human X-linked homologue at Xp11.2. Given that Uty is ubiquitously transcribed, we assayed for Utx expression from the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in mice and found that Utx escapes X chromosome inactivation. Only Smcx and the pseudoautosomal Sts gene on the mouse X chromosome have been reported previously to escape inactivation. The human UTX gene was also found to be expressed from Xi. We discuss the significance of these data for our understanding of dosage compensation of X-Y homologous genes in humans and mice.
Picking up flexible pieces out of a bundle (2002)

The paper describes a robotic-arm gripper with soft-tipped fingers to perform human-like grasps of flexible material pieces out of an unordered bundle. The primary purpose is to achieve the stability and robustness of a human-like grasp with a simple and cost-effective gripper. The work has been stimulated by the handling problem present in the fur-tanning industry.
A compact 2.5-Gbit/sec optical transmitter module with a LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulator (1992)

Recent high-speed optical transmission systems proposed for operation above 1 Gbit/s using the 1.55-μm wavelength have called for repeater spacings >80 km. However, at this wavelength, with direct intensity modulation with semiconductor lasers, the signal waveform is excessively degraded by fiber chromatic dispersion.1 This is caused by chirping, and worsens as the transmission rate increases. Although this can be remedied with fiber having zero dispersion at 1.55 μm, there is a great economic incentive to use the fiber with zero dispersion at 1.3 μm, already in place. For this reason, we have developed a compact and low-chirp 2.5-Gbit/sec optical transmitter (E/O) module using a LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder (LN) modulator. Figure 1 is a block diagram of the 2.5-Gbit/s LN-E/O module.