gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thread Verification - An Experience Report (2007)

The paper details the author's thread verification experiences with four applications: Linux kernel code, the Red Hat Linux POSIX Thread library, a portable PThread library, which was developed by the author for NASA, and a HandyChecker prototype. Based on the author's experiences, the paper concludes with a list of challenges for the verification community.
Geschäft und Sicherheit: das CoCom-Regime und Theorien über Kooperationen in den internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (1989)

Sicherheit, Regime, Kooperation, internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen, Außenhandel, Strategie, Konflikt, Außenwirtschaftspolitik, Ost-West-Beziehungen, Kalter Krieg
A route search method for electric vehicles in consideration of range and locations of charging stations (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new route search method for electric vehicles (EVs), which calculates a route with stopping over charging stations to have extra battery charge when current remaining charge is not enough to reach the destination. In this method, firstly we divided cases into three; the case of reaching the destination straight from the departure point, the case of stopping at one charging station and the case of stopping at several charging stations. In the cases of stopping over at least one charging station, potential charging stations are selected first, and then a route is obtained by Dijkstra's algorithm from routes with some of those stations. Travel distance, estimated travel time between charge stations and time to fully charge after the EV's arrival at each charging stations are calculated and also used for the calculation of travel cost between charging stations. Offering these routes for EV users will eliminate some of the major concerns about EVs such as limited range or sparse charging stations and will contribute to the spread of EVs. In order to confirm appropriateness of the route and examine the impact of increased execution time by this method, authors implemented the method and compared its execution time with that of conventional route search method. As a result, we confirmed that this method calculates routes with accessible charging stations according to the EV's range. We also found that the search of charging stations with this method requires extra execution time, but the time increases by less than a half of the time required for the search of the route with some of these stations by conventional method.
Identification of nonlinear systems using a Trigonometric Polynomial Neural Network (2010)

A Trigonometric Polynomial Neural Network, called TPNN, is proposed in this paper. TPNN is a new scheme of neural network based on a trigonometric polynomial which is familiar in Fourier Analysis. The proposed network is linear with respect to its coefficients and the well known recursive least squares method of linear parameter estimation can be used as a learning algorithm. Using the TPNN, learning of nonlinear functions and identification of nonlinear discrete time systems are examined with some additional comments for the type of nonlinear systems. The efficiency of the proposed method is also certified by applying the identified system for control of nonlinear discrete time system.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (2004)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen are effective in the treatment of many estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers and have also proven to be effective in the prevention of breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease. The comparative abilities of tamoxifen versus raloxifene in breast cancer prevention are currently being compared in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene trial. To better understand the actions of these compounds in breast cancer, we have examined their effects on the expression of approximately 12,000 genes, using Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays, with quantitative PCR verification in many cases, categorizing their actions as agonist, antagonist, or partial agonist/antagonist. Analysis of gene stimulation and inhibition by the SERMs trans-hydroxytamoxifen (TOT) and raloxifene (Ral) or ICI 182,780 (ICI) and by estradiol (E2) in estrogen receptor-containing MCF-7 human breast cancer cells revealed that (a) TOT was the most E2-like of the three compounds, (b) all three compounds either partially or fully antagonized the action of E2 on most genes, with the order of antagonist activity being ICI > Ral > TOT, (c) TOT and Ral, but not ICI, displayed partial agonist/partial antagonist activity on a number of E2-regulated genes, (d) several stimulatory cell cycle-related genes were down-regulated exclusively by ICI, (e) the estrogen-like activity of Ral nearly always overlapped with that of TOT, indicating that Ral has little unique agonist activity different from that of TOT, and (f) some genes were specifically up-regulated by TOT but not Ral, ICI, or E2. Hence, gene expression profiling can discern fundamental differences among SERMs and provides insight into the distinct biologies of TOT, Ral, and ICI in breast cancer.
Optothermal Escape of Plasmonically Coupled Silver Nanoparticles from a Three-Dimensional Optical Trap (2011)

We demonstrate that optical trapping of multiple silver nanoparticles is strongly influenced by plasmonic coupling of the nanoparticles. Employing dark-field Rayleigh scattering imaging and spectroscopy on multiple silver nanoparticles optically trapped in three dimensions, we experimentally investigate the time-evolution of the coupled plasmon resonance and its influence on the trapping stability. With time the coupling strengthens, which is observed as a gradual red shift of the coupled plasmon scattering. When the coupled plasmon becomes resonant with the trapping laser wavelength, the trap is destabilized and nanoparticles are released from the trap. Modeling of the trapping potential and its comparison to the plasmonic heating efficiency at various nanoparticle separation distances suggests a thermal mechanism of the trap destabilization. Our findings provide insight into the specificity of three-dimensional optical manipulation of plasmonic nanostructures suitable for field enhancement, for example for surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
157-nm attenuated phase-shift mask materials with irradiation stability (2003)

The next suite of optical lithography tools beyond 193nm will use 157nm irradiation to illuminate the mask pattern onto a semiconductor wafer. As the illumination wavelength decreases, the number of materials that can be used to create attenuated phase shift masks decreases dramatically. Especially the number of materials that maintain constant transmission after prolonged irradiation. The Ta-based and Cr-based materials have been recognized as two such sets of materials that remain optically unchanged due to prolonged VUV irradiation. Optical characterization of these materials by spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to simulate several material systems to achieve proper transmission and phase shift while simultaneously improving the inspection contrast of the patterned mask. Both simulation and experimental results will be presented for Ta-based and/or Cr-based material systems that maintain relatively constant transmission for more than 50 million pulses under 157nm irradiation.
The Synthesis of 17β-Amino-17α-(2'-carboxyethyl)androstane Lactams<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 17β-Amino-17α-(2'-carboxyethyl)androstane Lactams1A. A. Patchett, Frances Hoffman, Fred F. Giarrusso, Harvey Schwam, and Glen E. ArthCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 3822–3828Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interstitial deletion of the Endothelin-B receptor gene in the spotting lethal (sl) rat (1995)

The autosomal recessive spotting lethal (sl) rat phenotype is characterized by absence of intramural ganglion cells in the entire colon and distal small bowel, thus resembling the human Hirschsprung (HSCR) disease. A strategy for identifying the gene responsible for this rat defect was initiated by backcrossing DA x sl rats. After excluding linkage with two candidate genes, RET and Endothelin-3 (EDN3), a highly significant lod score (Z = 47.05 at theta = 0) was found between the Endothelin-B Receptor (EDNRB) gene and the sl phenotype. The exon-intron structure of this rat gene was reconstructed and each exon of the sl rat was screened for possible mutations. A 301 bp interstitial deletion, encompassing the distal half of the first coding exon (exon 2) and the proximal part of the adjacent intron, was demonstrated. This deletion results in two transcriptional products, 270 and 238 bp shorter than wild type cDNA. The discovery of the molecular defect underlying the sl rat phenotype should contribute to the understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of HSCR in man.
Studies on the absorption of practically water-insoluble drugs following injection. IV. An approach for predicting relative intramuscular absorption rates of a drug in oily solution,aqueous suspension and aqueous surfactant solution in rats. (1981)

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the differences of intramuscular absorption rates of practically water-insoluble drugs in rats among the three basic dosage forms : oily solutions (including oily suspensions), aqueous suspensions, and aqueous solutions containing nonionic surfactants as solubilizers. A review of previous studies indicated that the rank order of magnitude of the absorption rates among such dosage forms was not fixed, but varied remarkably depending on the drug, the oily solvent, the surfactant and its concentration, and colloidal properties such as particle size, etc., in addition to the initial drug concentration and injection volume. Thus, we sought to establish a method for predicting the relative absorption rates from the three dosage forms empirically. The feasibility of the proposed approach was confirmed experimentally with testosterone for the three dosage forms injected intramuscularly into intact rats. In conclusion, this approach is expected to provide a novel and useful guide not only for predicting the relative absorption rates from various dosage forms but also for selecting optimal preparations for more detailed screening and preclinical testing in laboratory animals of new drugs under development.
Effect of Block Copolymer Chain Architecture on Chromatographic Retention (2003)

The chain architecture dependence of the retention behavior of block copolymers in the temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) and liquid chromatography at the critical condition (LCCC) was investigated. For the purpose, polystyrene (PS)/polybutadiene (PB) diblock (SB), SBS triblock, and BSB triblock copolymers were prepared by sequential anionic polymerization and further fractionated by reversed-phase TGIC to obtain a set of the block copolymers with high purity, narrow distribution, and matched block length. In the TGIC separation with C18 bonded silica stationary phase and a mixture of CH2Cl2/CH3CN mobile phase, retention of the three block copolymers with matched molecular weight and composition shows a significant architecture effect: SBS elutes significantly earlier while BSB or SB elute later at similar retention volume. It indicates that the polymer−stationary phase interaction is less effective for the PB block located at the middle of the chain than the blocks located at the chain end. In LCCC separation at the critical condition for PB block, SBS is eluted early while SB and BSB were eluted later at the same retention time. Therefore, triblock copolymer with an invisible middle block behaves differently from those having invisible end block(s). This behavior is consistent with the theoretical prediction by Guttman et al. [Macromolecules 1996, 29, 5723].
Technical Efficiency, Ownership, And Reforms: An Econometric Study of Indian Banking Industry (2004)

The paper attempts to empirically investigate the ownership-liberalisation-efficiency issue of the Indian banking industry using a panel data set for the years 1985 to 1995-96. It tries to estimate time-invariant and time-variant technical efficiency of the banks in the Indian banking industry. It distinguishes between three ownership groups of the banking industry: public sector, domestic private sector, and foreign sector. A stochastic frontier production function incorporating the Cobb-Douglas technology with four inputs and two alternative measures of output is estimated. Our results show that the efficiency of the banking industry has not improved after liberalisation and the foreign-owned banks as a group has the highest efficiency regardless of the choice of the output measure. Between public sector banks and domestic private banks the results are sensitive to the output measure. Our results also show that for more than 70 per cent of the banks the hypothesis of time-invariant technical efficiency holds. In the post-liberalisation period, technical efficiency has increased for only 14 banks out of 18 banks for which time-variant model is more appropriate. The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi has gained most in technical efficiency whereas the Vijaya Bank is worst affected in the post-liberalisation period. Among the public sector banks, the State Bank of Indore has gained most in technical efficiency in the post-liberalisation era.
Amperometric Biosensors Using an Enzyme-Containing Polyion Complex (1998)

Amperometric enzyme electrodes for L-lactic acid and ethanol were prepared by immobilizing lactate oxidase and alcohol oxidase into polyion complex membranes, respectively: three kinds of aqueous solutions, i.e., a poly(4-styrenesulfonate) solution, an enzyme solution and a poly-L-lysine solution, were successively placed on a glassy carbon electrode and dried. The anodic current (1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) of each enzyme electrode increased after the addition of the corresponding analyte, owing to the electrolytic oxidation of the hydrogen peroxide produced through the oxidase-catalyzed reaction in the membrane. The membrane showed permselectivity based on the solute size with the molecular weight cut-off of ca. 100 g/mole. The permselectivity was effective in reducing the interferencial response as compared to the response to the analyte: the permeation of interferents such as L-ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen, was restricted, whereas the analyte permeated easily to undergo the enzymatic reaction. Another ion-complex based electrode, an enzyme monolayer-attached electrode was produced through the co-adsorption of the enzyme (lactate oxidase) and poly-L-lysine onto a mercaptoalkanoic acid-modified gold electrode. The enzyme molecules were entrapped in a matrix consisting of the mercaptoalkanoic acid and the cationic polymer. The resulting lactate-sensing electrode show a rapid response (100% response time, less than 0.5 s) to the analyte.
Conservation of human alternative splice events in mouse (2003)

Human and mouse genomes share similar long-range sequence organization, and have most of their genes being homologous. As alternative splicing is a frequent and important aspect of gene regulation, it is of interest to assess the level of conservation of alternative splicing. We examined mouse transcript data sets (EST and mRNA) for the presence of transcripts that both make spliced-alignment with the draft mouse genome sequence and demonstrate conservation of human transcript-confirmed alternative and constitutive splice junctions. This revealed 15% of alternative and 67% of constitutive splice junctions as conserved; however, these numbers are patently dependent on the extent of transcript coverage. Transcript coverage of conserved splice patterns is found to correlate well between human and mouse. A model, which extrapolates from observed levels of conservation at increasing levels of transcript support, estimates overall conservation of 61% of alternative and 74% of constitutive splice junctions, albeit with broad confidence intervals. Observed numbers of conserved alternative splicing events agreed with those expected on the basis of the model. Thus, it is apparent that many, and probably most, alternative splicing events are conserved between human and mouse. This, combined with the preservation of alternative frame stop codons in conserved frame breaking events, indicates a high level of commonality in patterns of gene expression between these two species.
Randomized scheduling algorithms for high-aggregate bandwidth switches (2003)

The aggregate bandwidth of a switch is its port count multiplied by its operating line rate. We consider switches with high-aggregate bandwidths; for example, a 30-port switch operating at 40 Gb/s or a 1000-port switch operating at 1 Gb/s. Designing high-performance schedulers for such switches with input queues is a challenging problem for the following reasons: (1) high performance requires finding good matchings; (2) good matchings take time to find; and (3) in high-aggregate bandwidth switches there is either too little time (due to high line rates) or there is too much work to do (due to a high port count). We exploit the following features of the switching problem to devise simple-to-implement, high-performance schedulers for high-aggregate bandwidth switches: (1) the state of the switch (carried in the lengths of its queues) changes slowly with time, implying that heavy matchings will likely stay heavy over a period of time and (2) observing arriving packets will convey useful information about the state of the switch. The above features are exploited using hardware parallelism and randomization to yield three scheduling algorithms - APSARA, LAURA, and SERENA. These algorithms are shown to achieve 100% throughput and simulations show that their delay performance is quite close to that of the maximum weight matching, even when the traffic is correlated. We also consider the stability property of these algorithms under generic admissible traffic using the fluid-model technique. The main contribution of this paper is a suite of simple to implement, high-performance scheduling algorithms for input-queued switches. We exploit a novel operation, called MERGE, which combines the edges of two matchings to produce a heavier match, and study of the properties of this operation via simulations and theory. The stability proof of the randomized algorithms we present involves a derandomization procedure and uses methods which may have wider applicability.
Quality by design approach for formulation, evaluation and statistical optimization of diclofenac-loaded ethosomes via transdermal route (2014)

The objective of this study was to fabricate and understand ethosomal formulations of diclofenac (DF) for enhanced anti-inflammatory activity using quality by design approach. DF-loaded ethosomal formulations were prepared using 4 × 5 full-factorial design with phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol (PC:CH) ratios ranging between 50:50 and 90:10, and ethanol concentration ranging between 0% and 30% as formulation variables. These formulations were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties and skin permeation kinetics. The interaction of formulation variables had a significant effect on both physicochemical properties and permeation kinetics. The results of multivariate regression analysis illustrated that vesicle size and elasticity of ethosomes were the dominating physicochemical properties affecting skin permeation, and could be suitably controlled by manipulation of formulation variables to optimize the formulation and enhance the skin permeation of DF-loaded ethosomes. The optimized formulation had ethanol concentration of 22.9% and PC:CH ratio of 88.4:11.6, with vesicle size of 144 ± 5 nm, zeta potential of -23.0 ± 3.76 mV, elasticity of 2.48 ± 0.75 and entrapment efficiency of 71 ± 4%. Permeation flux for the optimized formulation was 12.9 ± 1.0 µg/h cm(2), which was significantly higher than the drug-loaded conventional liposome, ethanolic or aqueous solution. The in vivo study indicated that optimized ethosomal hydrogel exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory activity compared with liposomal and plain drug hydrogel formulations.
No evidence for oncogenic mutations in guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of human adrenocortical neoplasms (1993)

G-Proteins are membrane-bound beterotrimeric polypeptides that couple receptor signals to second messenger systems such as CAMP.Recently, point mutations at 2 codons of the highly preserved a-chain of G,, the adenyl cyclase-stimulating G-protein, were found in GHsecreting pituitary tumors.These mutations resulted in constitutively activated G,a and high intracellular CAMP levels.In addition, point mutations at similar codons of a different G-protein, G,o12, were reported in adrenocortical neoplasms, suggesting a potential role of this isoform in the genesis of these tumors.We reevaluated the frequency of constitutively activating point mutations in the a-chain of the stimulatory (G,ol) and inhibitory (Gicu2) G-proteins in human adrenocortical tumors.Seven adrenocortical carcinomas, 2 human adrenocortical tumor cell lines, and 11 adrenocortical adenomas were studied.
A New Approach to Low-Power and Low-Latency Wake-Up Receiver System for Wireless Sensor Nodes (2012)

A new wake-up receiver is proposed to reduce energy consumption and latency through adoption of two different data rates for the transmission of wake-up packets. To reduce the energy consumption, the start frame bits (SFBs) of a wake-up packet are transmitted at a low data rate of 1 kbps, and a bit-level duty cycle is employed for detection of SFBs. To reduce both energy consumption and latency, duty cycling is halted upon detection of the SFB sequence, and the rest of the wake-up packet is transmitted at a higher data rate of 200 kbps.