gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B supplementation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2016)

Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with significant neurological pathology, especially peripheral neuropathy. This review aims to examine the existing evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin B12 supplementation for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A search of PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for all relevant randomised controlled trials was conducted in December 2014. Any type of therapy using vitamin B12 or its coenzyme forms was assessed for efficacy and safety in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy. Changes in vibration perception thresholds, neuropathic symptoms and nerve conduction velocities, as well as the adverse effects of vitamin B12 therapy, were assessed. Four studies comprising 363 patients met the inclusion criteria. This review found no evidence that the use of oral vitamin B12 supplements is associated with improvement in the clinical symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, the majority of studies reported no improvement in the electrophysiological markers of nerve conduction.
The Protective Effect of Ceramide in Immature Rat Brain Hypoxia—Ischemia Involves Up-Regulation of BCL-2 and Reduction of TUNEL-Positive Cells (2001)

Preconditioning brain with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) can induce tolerance to experimental hypoxia and stroke and ceramide is a downstream messenger in the TNF-alpha signaling pathway. A hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in the immature rat injures brain primarily through apoptosis. Apoptosis is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins. The authors explored whether ceramide protects against HI in the immature rat, and whether Bcl-2 family protein expression is involved. Hypoxia-ischemia was produced in seven-day-old rats by ligating the right carotid artery, followed by 2 hours of 8% oxygen exposure. Thirty minutes after HI, C2-ceramide (150 microg/kg) was injected intraventricularly. Infarct volume was measured 5 days later. C2-ceramide reduced HI-induced brain damage by 45% to 65% compared with HI/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle control) or HI only groups. In separate experiments, brains of sham-operated control and HI only animals and animals subjected to HI plus C2-ceramide or DMSO infusion were sampled 6 hours, 24 hours, and 5 days after treatments and analyzed for Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bax expression (Western blotting), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay). Augmented Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl levels in the C2-ceramide treated group were associated with a significant decrease in TUNEL-positive cells. The results support a protective role for ceramide in neonatal HI.
Molecular cloning of CD31, a putative intercellular adhesion molecule closely related to carcinoembryonic antigen. (1990)

cDNA clones encoding CD31 have been isolated by transient expression. The sequence of CD31 expressed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is identical to that expressed on the monocyte-like cell line HL60. In HUVEC. CD31 is concentrated in regions of cell-cell contacts. CD31 is a member of the Ig superfamily and is most closely related to the carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, consisting of four contiguous C2 domains. The localization of CD31 to regions of cell-cell contacts, and the sequence similarity to CEA, a known intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), strongly suggest that CD31 may function as an ICAM, possibly mediating endothelial cell-cell contacts and also promoting interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells.
Sputter Growth of Alkali Antimonide Photocathodes: An in Operando Materials Analysis (2015)

Alkali antimonide photocathodes are a strong contender for the cathode of choice for next-generation photon sources such as LCLS II or the XFEL. These materials have already found extensive use in photodetectors and image intensifiers. However, only recently have modern synchrotron techniques enabled a systematic study of the formation chemistry of these materials. Such analysis has led to the understanding that these materials are inherently rough when grown through traditional sequential deposition; this roughness has a detrimental impact on the intrinsic emittance of the emitted beam. Sputter deposition may provide a path to achieving a far smoother photocathode, while maintaining adequate quantum efficiency. We report on the creation and vacuum transport of a K2CsSb sputter target, and its use to create an ultra-smooth (sub nm roughness) cathode with a 2% quantum efficiency at 532 nm.
Operator Functional State Classification Using Multiple Psychophysiological Features in an Air Traffic Control Task (2003)

We studied 2 classifiers to determine their ability to discriminate among 4 levels of mental workload during a simulated air traffic control task using psychophysiological measures. Data from 7 air traffic controllers were used to train and test artificial neural network and stepwise discriminant classifiers. Very high levels of classification accuracy were achieved by both classifiers. When the 2 task difficulty manipulations were tested separately, the percentage correct classifications were between 84% and 88%. Feature reduction using saliency analysis for the artificial neural networks resulted in a mean of 90% correct classification accuracy. Considering the data as a 2-class problem, acceptable load versus overload, resulted in almost perfect classification accuracies, with mean percentage correct of 98%. In applied situations, the most important distinction among operator functional states would be to detect mental overload situations. These results suggest that psychophysiological data are capable of such discriminations with high levels of accuracy. Potential applications of this research include test and evaluation of new and modified systems and adaptive aiding.
Controversial Marrow Cells Coming Into Their Own? (2007)

Despite wide skepticism, Catherine Verfaillie persevered in her research and remains optimistic that her MAP cells will one day be useful in therapy. (Read more.)
ChemInform Abstract: BIOGENETIC‐TYPE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐TRIPTONIDE AND (.+‐.)‐TRIPTOLIDE (1982)

Abstract Aus dem Anisol (I) wird der Benzylalkohol (II) dargestellt und in das Bromid (III) übergeführt, das mit dem Ketoester (IV) zu dem Derivat (Va) kondensiert wird; daraus erhält man 7 durch Hydrolyse und Decarboxylierung das Keton (Vb), dessen Reduktionsprodukt (Vc) nach der Methode von Julia zu dem homoallylischen Bromid (VI) umgesetzt wird.
Synthesis of Crystalline Titanium(IV) Phosphates by Direct Precipitation from Ti(III) Solutions and Ion Exchange Properties of Some of the Prepared Phases. (1986)

Precipitation des phases cristallines de phosphate de Ti(IV) par oxydation de Ti (III) dans des solutions d'acide phosphorique: α-Ti(HPO 4 ) 2 •H 2 O, γ-Ti(HPO 4 ) 2 •2H 2 O et Ti 4 (HPO 4 ) 7 (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 •O-4H 2 O. Proprietes d'echangeur d'ions
Covalent and non-covalent reversible proteasome inhibition (2012)

The 20S proteasome core particle (CP) is the proteolytically active key element of the ubiquitin proteasome system that directs the majority of intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Over the past decade, the CP has emerged as an anticancer therapy target after approval of the first-in-class drug bortezomib (Velcade(®)) by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, bortezomib and all second-generation CP inhibitors that are currently explored in clinical phase studies react covalently and most often irreversibly with the proteolytic sites of the CP, hereby causing permanent CP blockage. Furthermore, reactive head groups result in unspecific binding to proteasomal active centers and in substantial enzymatic off-target activities that translate to severe side effects. Thus, reversible proteasome inhibitors might be a promising alternative, overcoming these drawbacks, but are challenging with respect to their urge for thorough enthalpic and entropic optimization. This review describes developments in the hitherto neglected field of reversible proteasome inhibitors focusing on insights gained from crystal structures, which provide valuable knowledge and strategies for future directions in drug development.
Cyclic Imide Dioximes: Formation and Hydrolytic Stability (2012)

Poly(acrylamidoximes) play an important role in the uranium extraction from seawater. The present work reports solution studies of simple analogues to address the formation and stability of two binding sites present in these polymers, open-chain amidoximes and cyclic imide dioximes, including: (1) conditions that maximize the formation of the cyclic form, (2) the existence of a base-induced conversion from open-chain to cyclic form, and (3) degradation under acid and base conditions.
Flow Migration on Multicore Network Processors: Load Balancing While Minimizing Packet Reordering (2013)

With ever increasing network traffic rates, multicore architectures for network processors have successfully provided performance improvements through high parallelism. However, naively allocating the network traffic to multiple cores without considering diversified applications and flow locality results in issues such as packet reordering, load imbalance and inefficient cache usage. Consequently, these issues degrade the performance of latency sensitive network processors by dropping packets or delivering packets out of order. In this paper, we propose a packet scheduling scheme that considers the multiple dimensions of locality to improve the throughput of a network processor while minimizing out of order packets. Our scheduling policy tries to maintain packet order by maintaining the flow locality, minimizes the migration of flows from one core to another by identifying the aggressive flows, and partitions the cores among multiple services to gain instruction cache locality. The scheduler uses a novel low cost two-level caching scheme to identify top aggressive flows. Our light weight hardware implementation shows improvement of 60% in the number of packets dropped and 80% improvement in the out-of-order packet deliveries over previously proposed techniques.
NDIR Ethanol Gas Sensor with Two Elliptical Optical Structures (2016)

A unique elliptical structure is designed and prototyped for a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) ethanol gas sensor. A temperature compensation method is also derived for this structure, in this study. The initial output voltages of the ethanol, reference IR, and temperature sensors show linear temperature dependencies, and the variations are less than ±2mV, ±2mV, and ±2%, respectively. The estimated ethanol concentrations show high accuracies, with less than ±5% error, in the temperature range from 253K to 333K.
The use of continuous‐flow electrophoresis to remove pectin in the purification of the minor pectinesterases in lemon fruits (citrus limon) (1994)

Abstract Continuous‐flow electrophoresis was used to separate pectin and coloured substances from extracts of lemon pectinesterase. Two minor lemon pectinesterases were subsequently separated from two major pectinesterases, using chromatography on Sephadex G‐75 and CM‐Sephadex C‐50. One minor pectinesterase was stable at low pH, showed the same initial pectinesterase activity at 88°C as at 25°C, and was active at 85°C for 9 min. This enzyme destabilised the cloud of single‐strength lemon juice. It is suggested that the minor pectinesterases might not be true isozymes, but could arise from association of a major enzyme with pectin.
Structure, reactivity, and electrochemistry of free-base .beta.-oxoporphyrins and metallo-.beta.-oxoporphyrins (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure, reactivity, and electrochemistry of free-base .beta.-oxoporphyrins and metallo-.beta.-oxoporphyrinsAlan M. Stolzenberg, Paul A. Glazer, and Bruce M. FoxmanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 7, 983–991Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00227a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00227a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An isotope labeling strategy for quantifying the degree of phosphorylation at multiple sites in proteins (2004)

A procedure for determining the extent of phosphorylation at individual sites of multiply phosphorylated proteins was developed and applied to two polyphosphorylated proteins. The protocol, using simple chemical (Fischer methyl-esterification) and enzymatic (phosphatase) modification steps and an accessible isotopic labeling reagent (methyl alcohol-d(4)), is described in detail. Site-specific phosphorylation stoichiometries are derived from the comparison of chemically identical but isotopically distinct peptide species analyzed by microspray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (microLC-MS) using a Micromass Q-TOF2 mass spectrometer. Ten phosphorylation sites were unambiguously identified in tryptic digests of both proteins, and phosphorylation stoichiometries were determined for eight of the ten sites using the isotope-coded strategy. The extent of phosphorylation was also estimated from the mass spectral peak areas for the phosphorylated and unmodified peptides, and these estimates, when compared with stoichiometries determined using the isotope-coded technique, differed only marginally (within approximately 20%).
<title>Transurethral laser prostatectomy using a right-angle laser delivery system</title> (1991)

Transurethal laser prostatectomy, using a 600-(mu) laser quartz fiber capable of directing the laser energy at 90 degree(s), a neodymium: YAG laser, and conventional cystoscopic equipment was satisfactorily performed in dogs. Urinary continence was preserved. Preliminary studies suggested an optimum power setting of 60 W delivered for 60 seconds at four quadrants (12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions). In these animals, the technique provided a simple and safe procedure and did not require catheter drainage.
CD45RA T‐cell activation without proliferation by a partial agonist monoclonal antibody to β1 integrin (2008)

CD45RA T cells are fully co-activated by natural beta1 integrin ligands fibronectin (FN) and VCAM-1, as well as monoclonal antibody (mAb) 19H8, which binds a combinatorial epitope of the alpha4beta1 heterodimer. These integrin ligands stimulate CD3-dependent proliferation and the upregulation of early activation markers CD25 and CD69. However, beta1-specific antibody 33B6, which binds to a similar range of the predominant T-cell integrins as natural ligands FN (alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1) and VCAM-1 (alpha4beta1), failed to costimulate proliferation in the CD45RA subset, while retaining the ability to costimulate early activation markers CD25 and CD69. After addition of exogenous human interleukin-2 to the culture media, 33B6 costimulation of proliferation is restored. These data provide evidence that a branch of the alpha4beta1 integrin-signaling pathway in CD45RA T cells can be independently regulated and exploited through the use of partial agonist ligands, including mAbs to the integrin heterodimer.
A Novel Modeling Approach for All-Dielectric Metasurfaces Using Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Metasurfaces have become a promising means for manipulating optical wavefronts in flat and high-performance optical devices. Conventional metasurface device design relies on trial-and-error methods to obtain target electromagnetic (EM) response, an approach that demands significant efforts to investigate the enormous number of possible meta-atom structures. In this paper, a deep neural network approach is introduced that significantly improves on both speed and accuracy compared to techniques currently used to assemble metasurface-based devices. Our neural network approach overcomes three key challenges that have limited previous neural-network-based design schemes: input/output vector dimensional mismatch, accurate EM-wave phase prediction, as well as adaptation to 3-D dielectric structures, and can be generically applied to a wide variety of metasurface device designs across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Using this new methodology, examples of neural networks capable of producing on-demand designs for meta-atoms, metasurface filters, and phase-change reconfigurable metasurfaces are demonstrated.
Human myeloma IgA half-molecules. (1976)

A lambda, IgAl myeloma protein that formed two chain half-molecules was obtained from a patient who had typical multiple myeloma. His serum contained 1.3 g/100 ml of an IgA paraprotein of gamma-1 electrophoretic mobility, his urine predominantly lambda Bence Jones protein, and only small amounts of IgA paraprotein. Analytical ultracentrifugation of the isolated serum IgA protein showed 7.0S and 4.5S protein peaks but no IgA polymers. When the 7.0S and 4.5S protein peaks were tested with an antiserum specific for alpha chain, both fractions were antigenically deficient compared to control IgA myeloma proteins but showed a line of identity to their F(ab')2 fragments. The serum and 7.0S protein fraction showed double precipitin lines in IgA radial immunodiffusion plates and in immunoelectrophoretic analysis, one line being formed by the myeloma protein and the other by residual normal IgA. The myeloma protein did not form a precipitin line with antisera specific for the IgA Fc fragment. Sodium dodecylsulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that both the 7.0S and 4.5S fractions of the myeloma protein consisted of covalently linked heavy and light chains, 4.5S fraction being apparently the half-molecule of the 7.0S protein. The heavy chain had a mol wt of 46,500 daltons compared to 55,000 daltons for normal alpha chains. Reduction and alkylation in aqueous solutions resulted in dissociation of the 7.0S myeloma protein fractions into smaller units, probably half-molecules, suggesting that the noncovalent interactions between the alpha chains were substantially weakened or absent, presumably as a result of a deletion in the Fc portion of the alpha chain. The catabolic rates of the radio-labeled 7.0S and 4.5S protein in rhesus monkeys were similar to those of control IgA myeloma proteins; the excretion of protein-bound radioactivity of the IgA half-molecules into the urine was no greater than that of the 7.0S or of control IgA myeloma proteins. It is suggested that the myeloma IgA half-molecule is probably derived from an IgAl mutant that is carried in the human genome and that it is unlikely a representative of a rare IgA subclass or an IgA l allotypic variant.
Laboratory handbook of petrographic techniques (1974)

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of the adult population, with an incidence positively correlated with age. A lack of standardization relating to periodontitis diagnosis and management, however, can often result in instances of undiagnosed and untreated oral disease. Progressive approaches to care, such as incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technology into dental practice software, can assist dental providers in standardizing the diagnosis of periodontitis and contribute to increased treatment acceptance by improving patients' health literacy and understanding of their periodontal condition. The use of AI technology can enhance clinical efficiency, improve provider standardization, facilitate clinical decision-making, and promote intra- and interprofessional collaboration. AI-powered radiograph analysis provides objective data to assist dentists in their clinical decision-making and diagnostic consistency.
The enzymic conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX in mammalian mitochondria. (1976)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX in yeast cells, has been found in several mammalian tissues. It has been extracted from rat liver mitochondria by sonication in the presence of salt and detergent and partially purified. The enzyme is similar in many respects to yeast protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Based on its behavior on Sephadex G-200 the molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 35,000. Catalysis by protoporphyrinogen oxidase was specific for proteoporphyrinogen IX (apparent Km of 11 muM) and proceeded maximally at pH 8.6 to 8.7. The effect of temperature on enzyme activity plotted according to Arrhenius gave a value of E of 9,100 calories per mol. Enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of high salt concentrations and temperatures above 45 degrees. Oxygen was essential for protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity and an alternative elevtron acceptor has not yet been found. No requirement for a metal or other cofactor could be demonstrated. The presence of monothiol groups was indicated; however, it is not known whether the thiol groups are involved directly in the binding of substrate to the enzyme.
Distinguishing Ingested Ethanol from Microbial Formation by Analysis of Urinary 5-Hydroxytryptophol and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (1995)

During the metabolism of ethanol, the metabolic conversion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is altered, and, as a consequence, the ratio of 5-hydroxytryptophol (5HTOL) to 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA) excreted in urine increases appreciably. The ratio of metabolites remains elevated for several hours after ethanol is no longer detectable. In the present study, urine specimens were supplemented with glucose and Candida albicans, a common human pathogenic yeast, and the formation of ethanol and the changes in the 5HTOL/5HIAA ratio were examined during one week of storage. Despite the production of high concentrations of ethanol (peak level 171 mmol/L, or 788 mg/dL), the 5HTOL/5HIAA ratio remained constant. The urinary 5HTOL/5HIAA ratio was also compared with urinary and blood ethanol levels in specimens selected at random during forensic autopsies. Elevated 5HTOL/5HIAA ratios were found in all specimens with detectable urinary ethanol. Some specimens showed elevated ratios of serotonin metabolites even though no ethanol was detected, indicating that these subjects had consumed ethanol prior to death but that the concentration had already returned to zero or was below the detection limit. In one case, postmortem ethanol formation was suspected, because blood ethanol concentration was 16.8 mmol/L (77 mg/dL) whereas urinary ethanol was zero. The urinary 5HTOL/5HIAA ratio fell within normal limits, which confirmed the suspicion of postmortem ethanol synthesis in the blood specimen. The present results indicate that the 5HTOL/5HIAA ratio in urine provides a useful method to distinguish between ethanol that might have been synthesized postmortem, or generated in vitro, from ethanol excreted in urine as a result of drinking.
EVPN Multi-Homing Mechanism for Layer-2 Gateway Protocols (2019)

The existing EVPN multi-homing load-balancing modes defined are
Single-Active and All-Active. Neither of these multi-homing mechanisms
are appropriate to support access networks with Layer-2 Gateway
protocols such as G.8032, MPLS-TP, STP, etc. These Layer-2 Gateway
protocols require a new multi-homing mechanism defined in this draft.