gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saliva as a Valid Alternative to Serum in Monitoring Intravenous Caffeine Treatment for Apnea of Prematurity (1996)

Caffeine is a potentially useful alternative to theophylline for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity because of its lower toxicity and longer terminal half-life. Monitoring of salivary caffeine concentrations is less invasive than blood sampling, especially in very sick premature neonates. Caffeine citrate-3 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg-was administered once daily for 7 days in a randomized, parallel design to 59 newborn, premature infants with an initial loading dose of twice the maintenance dose. Serum and saliva samples (131 pairs) were collected and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for caffeine content. Measurable caffeine concentrations in serum ranged from 0.28 to 93.3 mg/L and in saliva from 0.35 to 91.5 mg/L. The mean ratio of the saliva-to-serum concentrations was 0.924. There was no significant difference in precision between the serum and salivary data. The mean serum caffeine concentration was 29.9 mg/L, and the mean salivary concentration was 27.7 mg/L, indicating a small negative bias for saliva versus serum monitoring. Salivary caffeine concentration monitoring is a satisfactory alternative to blood sampling across a wide range of caffeine doses used to treat apnea.
DNA bending is induced in an enhancer by the DNA-binding domain of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein. (1988)

The E2 gene of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been shown to encode a DNA-binding protein and to trans-activate the viral enhancer. We have localized the DNA-binding domain of the E2 protein to the carboxyl-terminal 126 amino acids of the E2 open reading frame. The DNA-binding domain has been expressed in Escherichia coli and partially purified. Gel retardation and DNase I "footprinting" on the bovine papillomavirus type 1 enhancer identify the sequence motif ACCN6GGT (in which N = any nucleotide) as the E2 binding site. Using electrophoretic methods we have shown that the DNA-binding domain changes conformation of the enhancer by inducing significant DNA bending.
Bidirectional Attentive Fusion with Context Gating for Dense Video Captioning (2018)

Dense video captioning is a newly emerging task that aims at both localizing and describing all events in a video. We identify and tackle two challenges on this task, namely, (1) how to utilize both past and future contexts for accurate event proposal predictions, and (2) how to construct informative input to the decoder for generating natural event descriptions. First, previous works predominantly generate temporal event proposals in the forward direction, which neglects future video context. We propose a bidirectional proposal method that effectively exploits both past and future contexts to make proposal predictions. Second, different events ending at (nearly) the same time are indistinguishable in the previous works, resulting in the same captions. We solve this problem by representing each event with an attentive fusion of hidden states from the proposal module and video contents (e.g., C3D features). We further propose a novel context gating mechanism to balance the contributions from the current event and its surrounding contexts dynamically. We empirically show that our attentively fused event representation is superior to the proposal hidden states or video contents alone. By coupling proposal and captioning modules into one unified framework, our model outperforms the state-of-the-arts on the ActivityNet Captions dataset with a relative gain of over 100% (Meteor score increases from 4.82 to 9.65).
Adsorption of Cationic Cellulose Derivative/Anionic Surfactant Complexes onto Solid Surfaces. II. Hydrophobized Silica Surfaces (2004)

The effect of the anionic surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) on the adsorption behavior of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (Polymer JR-400) and hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose (Quatrisoft LM-200) at hydrophobized silica has been investigated by null ellipsometry and compared with the previous data for adsorption onto hydrophilic silica surfaces. The adsorbed amount of LM-200 is found to be considerably larger than the adsorbed amount of JR-400 at both surfaces. Both polymers had higher affinity toward hydrophobized silica than to silica. The effect of SDS on polymer adsorption was studied under two different conditions: adsorption of polymer/SDS complexes from premixed solutions and addition of SDS to preadsorbed polymer layers. Association of the surfactant to the polymer seems to control the interfacial behavior, which depends on the surfactant concentration. For the JR-400/SDS complex, the adsorbed amount on hydrophobized silica started to increase progressively from much lower SDS concentrations, while the adsorbed amount on silica increased sharply only slightly below the phase separation region. For the LM-200/SDS complex, the adsorbed amounts increased progressively from very low SDS concentrations at both surfaces, and no large difference in the adsorption behavior was observed between two surfaces below the phase separation region. The complex desorbed from the surface at high SDS concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The reversibility of the adsorption of polymer/SDS complexes upon rinsing was also investigated. When the premixed polymer/SDS solutions at high SDS concentrations (>5 mM) were diluted by adding water, the adsorbed amount increased due to the precipitation of the complex. The effect of the rinsing process on the adsorbed layer was determined by the hydrophobicity of the polymer and the surface.
The role of vena caval interruption in the management of pulmonary embolism. (1975)

Sixty patients with documented moderate-to-severe pulmonary embolism have been managed primarily with anticoagulant or lytic-anticoagulant therapy during the past 6 years. The in-hospital mortality rate from embolization was 5 percent. Recurrent embolization was documented in only two patients (3 percent). Three patients (5 percent) required caval ligation because of a profound heparin sensitivity, peptic ulcer bleeding, and recurrent embolization while adequately anticoagulated. The study suggests that adequate anticoagulation is sufficient therapy for most patients and is associated with a low incidence of recurrent embolism. In view of the significant mortality rate reported following caval interruption and especially of the associated long-term venous sequelae, it is concluded that inferior vena caval interruption is seldom indicated in the management of pulmonary embolism and should be performed only when firm indications are present.
Comparison of epidemic and endemic group G streptococci by restriction enzyme analysis (1990)

Restriction enzyme profiles of group G beta-hemolytic streptococci associated with a point source outbreak and an outbreak of sporadic pharyngitis in two different communities were compared. To asses the epidemiologic utility of this approach for studying group G streptococci, DNA fingerprints of strains responsible for a point source outbreak of pharyngitis associated with the consumption of contaminated food were compared with DNA fingerprints of pharyngeal isolates from children with pharyngitis seen at a pediatric practice during a 6-month period. In each epidemiologic situation, a single strain characterized by a unique restriction enzyme pattern predominated. The results are compatible with the conclusion that human infections could be limited to a few strains of group G streptococci which have the capacity to spread through a given population. The restriction enzyme profiles proved to be a highly specific and precise means of evaluating strain relatedness and of providing further understanding of the epidemiology of group G streptococcal infections.
Oxidative metabolism of phthalic acid by soil pseudomonads (1960)

Research Article| August 01 1960 Oxidative metabolism of phthalic acid by soil pseudomonads D. W. Ribbons; D. W. Ribbons 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, University College of North Wales, Bangor Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W C Evans W C Evans 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, University College of North Wales, Bangor Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1960) 76 (2): 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0760310 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. W. Ribbons, W C Evans; Oxidative metabolism of phthalic acid by soil pseudomonads. Biochem J 1 August 1960; 76 (2): 310–318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0760310 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Functionalized Nanodiamonds for Biological and Medical Applications (2014)

Nanodiamond is a promising material for biological and medical applications, owning to its relatively inexpensive and large-scale synthesis, unique structure, and superior optical properties. However, most biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and bio-imaging, are dependent upon the precise control of the surfaces, and can be significantly affected by the type, distribution and stability of chemical funtionalisations of the nanodiamond surface. In this paper, recent studies on nanodiamonds and their biomedical applications by conjugating with different chemicals are reviewed, while highlighting the critical importance of surface chemical states for various applications.
SOX4 Is Essential for Prostate Tumorigenesis Initiated by PTEN Ablation (2016)

Understanding remains incomplete of the mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men. The transcription factor SOX4 is overexpressed in many human cancers, including prostate cancer, suggesting it may participate in prostate tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated this possibility by genetically deleting Sox4 in a mouse model of prostate cancer initiated by loss of the tumor suppressor Pten. We found that specific homozygous deletion of Sox4 in the adult prostate epithelium strongly inhibited tumor progression initiated by homozygous loss of Pten. Mechanistically, Sox4 ablation reduced activation of AKT and β-catenin, leading to an attenuated invasive phenotype. Furthermore, SOX4 expression was induced by Pten loss as a result of the activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, suggesting a positive feedback loop between SOX4 and PI3K-AKT-mTOR activity. Collectively, our findings establish that SOX4 is a critical component of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in prostate cancer, with potential implications for combination-targeted therapies against both primary and advanced prostate cancers.
Laser action in chromium-doped forsterite (1988)

Room-temperature vibronic pulsed laser action in trivalent chromium-activated forsterite (Cr3+:Mg2SiO4) is reported for the first time. The free-running laser emission is centered at 1235 nm of the broad 4T2→4A2 fluorescence band, and has a bandwidth of ∼22 nm.
Recombinant human erythropoietin has no direct or strong vasoconstrictor effects <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1995)

An elevation of blood pressure is observed in approximately 30% of dialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Various studies have been performed in order to elucidate possible underlying mechanisms, but it is not yet well understood whether there is one major mechanism involved. In this present study, samples were obtained from male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) at the age of 5 and 20 weeks. Thoracic aorta rings, with or without endothelium, isolated from WKY and SHR were used to evaluate the direct effect of rHuEPO on vascular smooth muscle by measuring the tension of vascular smooth muscle induced by various concentrations (1-100 IU/ml) of rHuEPO. Also, rHuEPO (10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 IU/kg) was intravenously administrated and the changes in mean blood pressure were recorded for 5-10 min. rHuEPO produced no significant contraction in the rat aortae in any of the preparation studies, in the presence or the absence of endothelium. The intravenous administration of rHuEPO had no immediate effect on mean blood pressure in 5- and 20-week-old WKY and SHR. These results suggest that the elevation of blood pressure observed in the clinical setting following the administration of rHuEPO is not due to a direct pressor effect on vascular smooth muscle.
Optical properties of silicon nanoclusters fabricated by ion implantation (1998)

A method for the fabrication of luminescent Si nanoclusters in an amorphous SiO2 matrix by ion implantation is reported. We have measured the dose (concentration of excess Si atoms) and annealing time dependence of the photoluminescence of Si nanoclusters in SiO2 layers at room temperature. The samples were fabricated by ion implantation and subsequent annealing. After annealing, a photoluminescence band below 1.7 eV has been observed. The peak energy of the photoluminescence is found to be almost independent of annealing time, while the intensity of the luminescence increases as the annealing time increases. Moreover, we found that the peak energy of the luminescence is strongly affected by the dose of implanted Si ions, especially in the high-dose range. We also show direct evidence of widening of the band-gap energy of Si particles of a few nanometers in size by employing photoacoustic spectroscopy. These results indicate that the photons are absorbed by Si nanoclusters, for which the band-gap energy is modified by the quantum confinement effects, and the emission is not simply due to direct electron–hole recombination inside Si nanoclusters, but is related to defects probably at the interface between the Si nanoclusters and SiO2, for which the energy state is affected by cluster–cluster interactions.
TRA2β controls Mypt1 exon 24 splicing in the developmental maturation of mouse mesenteric artery smooth muscle (2014)

Diversity of smooth muscle within the vascular system is generated by alternative splicing of exons, yet there is limited understanding of its timing or control mechanisms. We examined splicing of myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit (Mypt1) exon 24 (E24) in relation to smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Smmhc) and smoothelin (Smtn) alternative exons (Smmhc E6 and Smtn E20) during maturation of mouse mesenteric artery (MA) smooth muscle. The role of transformer 2β (Tra2β), a master regulator of splicing in flies, in maturation of arterial smooth muscle was tested through gene inactivation. Splicing of alternative exons in bladder smooth muscle was examined for comparative purposes. MA smooth muscle maturation began after postnatal week 2 and was complete at maturity, as indicated by switching to Mypt1 E24+ and Smtn E20- splice variants and 11-fold induction of Smmhc. Similar changes in bladder were complete by postnatal day 3. Splicing of Smmhc E6 was temporally dissociated from Mypt1 E24 and Smtn E20 and discordant between arteries and bladder. Tamoxifen-induced smooth muscle-specific inactivation of Tra2β within the first week of life but not in maturity reduced splicing of Mypt1 E24 in MAs. Inactivation of Tra2β causing a switch to the isoform of MYPT1 containing the COOH-terminal leucine zipper motif (E24-) increased arterial sensitivity to cGMP-mediated relaxation. In conclusion, maturation of mouse MA smooth muscle begins postnatally and continues until sexual maturity. TRA2β is required for specification during this period of maturation, and its inactivation alters the contractile properties of mature arterial smooth muscle.
Accumulated frameshift mutations at coding nucleotide repeats during the progression of gastric carcinoma with microsatellite instability. (1999)

Microsatellite instability (MSI) and frameshift mutations in genes containing nucleotide repeats have been reported in a subset of gastric carcinomas, but the mutational profiles in precancerous lesions have not been characterized. To characterize the genetic events during gastric carcinogenesis, we analyzed DNA from 56 gastric adenomas and 167 gastric carcinomas for MSI using five microsatellite markers and for frameshift mutations at coding nucleotide repeats of the type II transforming growth factor beta receptor, BAX, hMSH3, hMSH6, IGF II receptor, and E2F-4 genes. On the basis of the number of markers displaying instability per tumor, the tumors were divided into three groups: those with two or more of the five markers showing instability (high MSI [MSI-H]), those with one of the five markers showing instability (low MSI [MSI-L]), and those with no instability. MSI-H was found in 8 adenomas (14%) and 19 carcinomas (11%), and MSI-L was found in 8 adenomas (14%) and 9 carcinomas (5%). These groups were tested for correlations with several clinicopathologic parameters. MSI-H gastric adenomas were related to the high histologic grade of composing dysplastic glands (p = 0.004), and MSI-H gastric carcinomas were associated with exophytic tumor growth (p = 0.005). We found 48 frameshift mutations at coding nucleotide repeats of the six genes, and all mutations except one were found in MSI-H gastric tumors. Only one of the 17 MSI-L tumors showed frameshift mutations at coding nucleotide repeats of the transforming growth factor beta receptor II gene. Compared with MSI-H gastric carcinomas, MSI-H adenomas had no mutations in the hMSH6 and the IGF II receptor genes, less frequent mutations in the transforming growth factor beta receptor II (38% versus 63%), BAX (13% versus 37%), and hMSH3 (13% versus 37%) genes, and more frequent mutations in the E2F-4 (50% versus 37%) gene. Our findings suggest that MSI and E2F-4 mutations are early genetic events and that mutations of the other five genes are accumulated during the progression of gastric carcinomas with MSI.
Enhancement of Gas Productivity Using Alcoholic Acids: Laboratory and Field Studies (2006)

Abstract The objectives of this study were to: investigate effectiveness of alcoholic acids to stimulate Devonian sandstone gas reservoirs, determine the optimum acid formulation, and recommend the best practices to enhance stimulation treatments in gas wells. In this study, extensive coreflood experiments were conducted on sandstone cores recovered from gas reservoirs to assess the effectiveness of various acid formulations (HCl, HCOOH, HCl/HF, and HCOOH/HF, with and without alcohols) in enhancing gas relative permeability. Several solvents and chemical additives were evaluated to remove or reduce trapped liquids. Experimental results showed commonly used completion fluids caused a severe reduction in gas relative permeability. This study indicated that alcohols can be mixed with stimulation fluid to expedite the cleanup of spent acid and help to attain maximum gas well potential directly after stimulation treatment. Experimental results showed that alcoholic acids have a slower reaction rate with rocks compared to conventional acids having the same acidity. Alcoholic acids can be injected deeper into the formation and their corrosivity can be reduced in hot deep wells with a proper use of corrosion inhibitor type and concentration. Because of low IFT of alcoholic acids, they can be easily injected into tight formation when there are limitations in injection pressure and resulted in deeper stimulation than with conventional acids. This paper discusses a case study on damage diagnosis for a gas well which was recently completed and showed unexpected low productivity. This study proposed an effective stimulation formulation for gas wells and better practices for stimulation design to reduce flowback time needed to lift spent acid and help to achieve maximum production.
Security issues to tele-medicine system design (2003)

With the rapid development of the Internet and Internet based applications, tele-medicine can potentially provide important health care coverage for remote and rural areas where specialized medical expertise is lacking. Using Internet based tele-medicine application, the records and vital signs of patients in remote or rural areas can be made available to medical experts in major medical centers for real-time evaluation or diagnosis. However, since the Internet is an open system with many potential security holes, special consideration and care must be taken to ensure the safety of patient and medical data. This paper addresses the security related issues for Internet based tele-medicine systems in two aspects: (1) medical data protection needs; and (2) system design issues.
The impact of speeding up critical sections with data prefetching and forwarding (2002)

While shared-memory multiprocessing offers a simple model for process synchronization, actual synchronization may be expensive. Indeed, processors may have to wait for a long time to acquire the lock of a critical section. In addition, a processor may have to stall for a long time waiting for all of its pending accesses to complete before releasing the lock. To address this problem, we target well-known optimization techniques to specifically speed-up accesses to critical sections. We reduce the time taken by critical sections by applying data prefetching and forwarding to minimize the number of misses inside these sections. In addition, we prefetch and forward data in exclusive mode to reduce the stall time before lock release. Our evaluation shows that a simple prefetching algorithm is able to speed-up parallel applications significantly at a very low cost. With this optimization, five Splash applications run 20% faster on average, while one of them runs 52% faster. We also conclude that more complicated, forward-based optimizations are not justified.
Calibration of a pyroelectric detector at 106 µm with the National Institute of Standards and Technology high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer (1997)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is establishing an infrared detector calibration facility to improve radiometric standards at infrared wavelengths. The absolute response of the cryogenic bolometer that serves as the transfer standard for this facility is being linked to the NIST high- accuracy cryogenic radiometer (HACR) at a few laser wavelengths. At the 10.6-microm CO(2) laser line, this link is being established through a pyroelectric detector that has been calibrated against the HACR. We describe the apparatus, methods, and uncertainties for the calibration of this pyroelectric detector.
[Effects of azithromycin on the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. (1995)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a saprophyte opportunistic bacteria which frequently colonizes the respiratory tract of patients presenting a severe chronic bronchitis pathology. Secreting a number of exotoxins and enzymes inducing an inflammation and necrosing of the surrounding tissues, it provokes irreversible pulmonary lesions. Different experimental in vitro works evidenced macrolides activity on the production and/or secretion of these factors, with a diminution of elastase, protease, lecithinase and D-nase synthesis. Among the macrolides, azithromycin seems to have the most pronounced activity. In vivo, some patients suffering from bronchiolitis or cystic fibrosis have been clinically improved with a treatment using erythromycin, or clarithromycin or azithromycin. These very preliminary results demand to be confirmed but the macrolides could allow a decrease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity and thus stop the deterioration of pulmonary functions.