gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>mediator of paramutation1</i> Is Required for Establishment and Maintenance of Paramutation at Multiple Maize Loci (2000)

Paramutation is the directed, heritable alteration of the expression of one allele when heterozygous with another allele. Here, the isolation and characterization of a mutation affecting paramutation, mediator of paramutation1-1 (mop1-1), are described. Experiments demonstrate that the wild-type gene Mop1 is required for establishment and maintenance of the paramutant state. The mop1-1 mutation affects paramutation at the multiple loci tested but has no effect on alleles that do not participate in paramutation. The mutation does not alter the amounts of actin and ubiquitin transcripts, which suggests that the mop1 gene does not encode a global repressor. Maize plants homozygous for mop1-1 can have pleiotropic developmental defects, suggesting that mop1-1 may affect more genes than just the known paramutant ones. The mop1-1 mutation does not alter the extent of DNA methylation in rDNA and centromeric repeats. The observation that mop1 affects paramutation at multiple loci, despite major differences between these loci in their gene structure, correlations with DNA methylation, and stability of the paramutant state, suggests that a common mechanism underlies paramutation. A protein-based epigenetic model for paramutation is discussed.
Deubiquitylation of histone H2A activates transcriptional initiation via <i>trans</i>-histone cross-talk with H3K4 di- and trimethylation (2008)

Transcriptional initiation is a key step in the control of mRNA synthesis and is intimately related to chromatin structure and histone modification. Here, we show that the ubiquitylation of H2A (ubH2A) correlates with silent chromatin and regulates transcriptional initiation. The levels of ubH2A vary during hepatocyte regeneration, and based on microarray expression data from regenerating liver, we identified USP21, a ubiquitin-specific protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ubH2A. When chromatin is assembled in vitro, ubH2A, but not H2A, specifically represses the di- and trimethylation of H3K4. USP21 relieves this ubH2A-specific repression. In addition, in vitro transcription analysis revealed that ubH2A represses transcriptional initiation, but not transcriptional elongation, by inhibiting H3K4 methylation. Notably, ubH2A-mediated repression was not observed when H3 Lys 4 was changed to arginine. Furthermore, overexpression of USP21 in the liver up-regulates a gene that is normally down-regulated during hepatocyte regeneration. Our studies revealed a novel mode of trans-histone cross-talk, in which H2A ubiquitylation controls the di- and trimethylation of H3K4, resulting in regulation of transcriptional initiation.
dnaG gene product, a rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase, initiates the conversion of a single-stranded coliphage DNA to its duplex replicative form. (1975)

The protein responsible for the initiation of conversion of single-stranded phage G4 DNA to the duplex replicative form has been purified approximately 3000-fold and identified with Escherichia coli dnaG gene product. The protein is a rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase of approximately 64,000 daltons. It catalyzes the incorporation of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates into an oligoribonucleotide, using as template the single-stranded DNA coated with the DNA unwinding protein of E. coli. An RNA transcript of a unique region of the chromosome can serve as a primer by covalent extension by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme to form a nearly full-length linear complementary strand. A similar role for the dnaG protein in the initiation of nascent (Okazaki) fragments in replication of the host chromosome is discussed.
Automated Japanese essay scoring system:jess (2004)

We have developed an automated Japanese essay scoring system named jess. The system evaluates an essay from three features: (1) rhetoric - ease of reading, diversity of vocabulary, percentage of big words (long, difficult words), and percentage of passive sentences; (2) organization - characteristics associated with the orderly presentation of ideas, such as rhetorical features and linguistic cues; (3) contents - vocabulary related to the topic, such as relevant information and precise or specialized vocabulary. The final evaluated score is calculated by deducting from a perfect score assigned by a learning process using editorials and columns from the Mainichi Daily News newspaper. A diagnosis for the essay is also given. Our system does not need any essays graded by human experts.
Copolymeric Nanofilm Platform for Controlled and Localized Therapeutic Delivery (2007)

Nanomaterials such as block copolymeric membranes provide a platform for both cellular interrogation and biological mimicry. Their biomimetic properties are based upon the innate possession of hydrophilic and hydrophobic units that enable their integration with a broad range of therapeutic materials. As such, they can be engineered for specific applications in nanomedicine, including controlled/localized drug delivery. Here we describe a method for the functionalization of the polymethyloxazoline-polydimethylsiloxane-polymethyloxazoline (PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA) block copolymer with anti-inflammatory molecules to develop copolymer-therapeutic hybrids, effectively conferring biological functionality to a versatile synthetic nanomembrane matrix and creating a platform for an anti-inflammatory drug delivery system. Utilizing self-assembly and Langmuir-Blodgett deposition methods, we mixed copolymers with dexamethasone (Dex), an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The successful mixing of the copolymer with the drug was confirmed by surface pressure isotherms and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, at 4 nm thick per layer, orders of magnitude thinner than conventional drug delivery coatings, these dexamethasone-copolymer mixtures (PolyDex) suppressed in vitro expression of the inflammatory cytokines/signaling elements interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interferon gamma inducible protein (IP-10). Finally, PolyDex maintained its anti-inflammatory properties in vivo confirmed through punch biopsies with tissue imagery via hematoxylin/eosin and macrophage specific staining using CD11b. Thus, we demonstrated that PolyDex may be utilized as a localized, highly efficient drug-copolymer composite for active therapeutic delivery to confer anti-inflammatory protection or as a platform material for broad drug elution capabilities.
The heterocyclic derivatives of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth (1970)

The of Heterocyclic Compounds, since its inception, has been recognized as a cornerstone of heterocyclic chemistry. Each volume attempts to discuss all aspects - properties, synthesis, reactions, physiological and industrial significance - of a specific ring system. To keep the series up-to-date, supplementary volumes covering the recent literature on each individual ring system have been published. Many ring systems (such as pyridines and oxazoles) are treated in distinct books, each consisting of separate volumes or parts dealing with different individual topics. With all authors are recognized authorities, the of Heterocyclic Chemistry is considered worldwide as the indispensable resource for organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists.
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (2015)

Our review did not find evidence supporting a substantial role of MMSE as a stand-alone single-administration test in the identification of MCI patients who could develop dementia. Clinicians could prefer to request additional and extensive tests to be sure about the management of these patients. An important aspect to assess in future updates is if conversion to dementia from MCI stages could be predicted better by MMSE changes over time instead of single measurements. It is also important to assess if a set of tests, rather than an isolated one, may be more successful in predicting conversion from MCI to dementia.
ASTRODRIVE - A NEW POWER-CONSERVING TAPE DRIVE (1973)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 09-11, 1973 / Sheraton Inn Northeast, Washington, D.C.
Medical Treatment of Baldness (1978)

The etiology of male-pattern alopecia is explained as an interrelationship of three factors, genetic--a single dominant sex-limited gene; endocrine--dihydrotestosterone is the specific hormone responsible; and age. Other factors previously used to explain male-pattern alopecia are debunked. Treatment today is directed in the area of endocrinology, basically using either antiandrogens that block 5-alpha-reductase, thus preventing the formation of dihydrotestosterone, or steroids that interfere with dihydrostestosterone cytosol--nuclear binding protein expression.
Aerospace Power Scholarly Research Program. Delivery Order 0011: Single Ionic Conducting Polymer Electrolyte (2005)

Abstract : This report focuses on the development of a lithium-ion conducting channel as a solid-state electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. Dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) has been used in this development since it can undergo molecular self-assembly to form the ionically conducting channel. The essential features of the channel are that it is designed such that the anion matrix of the unsaturated macrocycle forms the channel through which the lithium ions move, thus making it a single-ion conductor for lithium ions; the ionic transport of lithium depends on the electric field gradient created by the electrodes, thereby minimizing temperature dependence for ionic transport.
Retroreflection from spherical glass beads in highway pavement markings 1: Specular reflection (1978)

The use of spherical glass beads in both vertical and horizontal highway markings to enhance nighttime visibility is common throughout the world. There has been, however, little theoretical analysis performed in order to optimize the various parameters for maximum retroreflection, especially for the case of horizontal reflectors. This paper presents a study of the retroreflection of spherical lenses used in horizontal pavement markings, concentrating initially on the specular contribution. The retroreflection characteristics are studied as a function of index of refraction and multiple specular internal reflection. It is shown that specular reflection does not contribute significantly to the total flux of retroreflected light reaching the motorist's eyes.
The Adventitia: A Progenitor Cell Niche for the Vessel Wall (2011)

Recent observations suggest that the adventitial layer of blood vessels exhibits properties resembling a stem/progenitor cell niche. Progenitor cells have been isolated from the adventitia of both murine and human blood vessels with the potential to form endothelial cells, mural cells, osteogenic cells, and adipocytes. These progenitors appear to cluster at or near the border zone between the outer media and inner adventitia. In the mouse, this border zone region corresponds to a localized site of sonic hedgehog signaling in the artery wall. This brief review will discuss the emerging evidence that the tunica adventitia may provide a niche-like signaling environment for resident progenitor cells and will address the role of the adventitia in growth, remodeling, and repair of the artery wall.
Isoelectronic bound excitons in In- and T1-doped Si: A novel semiconductor defect (1984)

We present the results of detailed transient photoluminescence measurements on the isoelectronic bound excitons associated with the deep acceptors In and T1 in Si. The novel results are explained in terms of a model in which the binding centers can exist in more than one configuration, and in which the bound excitons can make transitions from one configuration to the other. Although the nature of the binding center and the exciton states is not yet known, the transient results are well described by rate equations based upon this model. Additional support is provided by a study of the effects of excitation pulse length on the Si:In transient results, as well as by comparing above-gap excitation versus resonant excitation of the bound excitons.
The Effects of Knock on the Hydrocarbon Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To determine the effects of knock in a spark-ignition, single-cylinder engine with cooled exhaust upon the exhaust composition, exhaust products (CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, and total hydrocarbons) were measured by non-dispersive infrared analyzers (NDIRA) and by a flame ionization detector (FID). Individual hydrocarbons were separated on a gas-liquid chromatograph.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In fuel-rich mixtures, the FID indicated noticible decreases in the hydrocarbon concentrations in the presence of knock. The NDIRA did not indicate a decrease in the hydrocarbons at knock of lower intensities but showed decreases in hydrocarbons at knock of higher intensities. Chromatograms indicated a preferential decreases in acetylene at the time of knock, causing different responses at lower intensities. In fuel-lean mixtures, no apparent effect of knock on the hydrocarbons was indicated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Thus, it was concluded that in fuel-rich to stoichiometric regions, knock generally decreases the hydrocarbon concentration in the exhaust and the extent of the decreases is greater with the intensity of knock.</div>
Development and Standardization of SCAN-C Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Children (2000)

This paper reports on the development and standardization of SCAN-C: Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Children-Revised. The revisions include new test instructions that have been reworded to make them easier for young children, aural stimuli presented on a compact disc, a revision of the Competing Words subtest, and the addition of a Competing Sentences subtest. Normative data on the new test were obtained on 650 children age 5 years, 0 months, to 11 years, 11 months. Analysis of new standardization data revealed systematic improvement in performance with increasing age. A new method of calculating the composite standard score gives equal weighting to each subtest of SCAN-C. Subtest test-retest reliability was substantially improved over the original SCAN, with SCAN-C correlations ranging from .65 to .82 for 5 to 7 year olds. Concurrent validity tests found that SCAN-C test results can be viewed with the same confidence as SCAN.
Information Overload in a Network of Targeted Communication (2004)

As the costs of generating and transmitting information fall, the main bottlenecks in communication networks are becoming the human receivers, who are overloaded with information. For networks of targeted communication, this paper discusses the meaning of information overload, provides a theoretical treatment of its causes, and examines mechanisms for allocating the attention of receivers. Mechanisms for allocating atten-tion include surcharges on communication and auctions. These mechanisms increase the cost of sending messages and shift the task of screening messages from the receivers to the senders. This shift may benefit both the receivers and the senders because the senders know the contents of the messages whereas the receivers do not. We show that, if the communication cost is low, then an increase in the communication cost benefits most (but not all) receivers. The increase benefits all the senders if either the extra cost is a tax that is redistributed to them as lump-sum transfers or the senders’ information about the receivers is sufficiently accurate. Author’s address:
Renewable Hydrogen from Ethanol by Autothermal Reforming (2004)

Ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures were converted directly into H2 with approximately 100% selectivity and >95% conversion by catalytic partial oxidation, with a residence time on rhodium-ceria catalysts of <10 milliseconds. Rapid vaporization and mixing with air with an automotive fuel injector were performed at temperatures sufficiently low and times sufficiently fast that homogeneous reactions producing carbon, acetaldehyde, ethylene, and total combustion products can be minimized. This process has great potential for low-cost H2 generation in fuel cells for small portable applications where liquid fuel storage is essential and where systems must be small, simple, and robust.
THE FERROUS SULFATE AND AMMONIA METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITRO TO AMINO COMPOUNDS. (1917)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE FERROUS SULFATE AND AMMONIA METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITRO TO AMINO COMPOUNDS.Walter A. Jacobs and Michael HeidelbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1917, 39, 7, 1435–1439Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1917Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1917https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02252a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02252a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views546Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bridge Damage Severity Quantification Using Multipoint Acceleration Measurement and Artificial Neural Networks (2015)

The deterioration of bridges as a result of ageing is a serious problem in many countries. To prevent the failure of these deficient bridges, early damage detection which helps us to evaluate the safety of bridges is important. Therefore, the present research proposed a method to quantify damage severity by use of multipoint acceleration measurement and artificial neural networks. In addition to developing the method, we developed a cheap and easy-to-make measurement device which can be made by bridge owners at low cost and without the need for advance technical skills since the method is mainly intended to apply to small to midsized bridges. In addition, the paper gives an example application of the method to a weathering steel bridge in Japan. It can be shown from the analysis results that the method is accurate in its damage identification and mechanical behavior prediction ability.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PIROXICAM AND PARACETAMOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS USING STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD (2013)

A fast, simple, specific, and accurate stability indicating liquid chromatographic method is described for simultaneous determination of piroxicam and paracetamol in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Optimum chromatographic separations among the piroxicam, paracetamol, and stress-induced degradation products were achieved within 6 min by using a Hypersil BDS C8 column as stationary phase with acetonitrile and 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 with detection using a diode array detector at 254 nm. ICH guidelines were used to validate the developed method. Linearity was from 1.6–6.4 µg mL−1 for piroxicam and 26–104 µg mL−1 for paracetamol. All the analytes including the degradation products were separated with acceptable peak tailing and resolution. The peak purity index for both the analytes after all types of stress is >0.999, indicating complete separation of both analytes peaks from the stress induced degradation products. The developed method can be successfully used for simultaneous determination of piroxicam and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations and stability studies.
Loss of Lewis Antigen Expression on Erythrocytes in Some Cancer Patients With High Serum CA19-9 Levels (1987)

The Lewis (Le) phenotype of both erythrocytes and sera and serum CA19-9 levels were studied in 49 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, in 37 with gastric cancer, in 22 with colorectal cancer, in 21 with bile duct carcinoma, and in 19 with hepatocellular carcinoma. The Le phenotype was determined in sera with the use of the dot-immunobinding assay and on erythrocytes. The localizations of the Le antigen and CA19-9 were studied in pancreatic tissues from 22 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. The prevalence of Le(a-,b-) on erythrocytes was significantly higher in patients with pancreatic carcinoma than in normal controls. Nineteen of 21 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, whose Le phenotype on erythrocytes was Le(a-,b-), had Le antigen in tissues and sera, and they had a raised serum CA19-9 level. The remaining 2 patients were of the Le(a-,b-) phenotype for both erythrocytes and sera, and their serum CA19-9 levels were below 6 U/ml. Neither Le antigen nor CA19-9 could be localized in tissues of these 2 patients. Two patients with gastric cancer, 6 with colorectal cancer, and 6 with bile duct carcinoma had Le antigen in sera in spite of having Le(a-,b-) on erythrocytes. These results indicate that the Le phenotype on erythrocytes can undergo a change not infrequently in patients with pancreatic carcinoma as well as in patients with other gastrointestinal cancers, but patients with the Le(a-,b-) phenotype in sera cannot synthesize CA19-19.
Deranged removal of apoptotic cells: its role in the genesis of lupus (2004)

Contains fulltext : 58078.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
The homeobox gene DLX4 promotes generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (2014)

The reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined transcription factors has been a well-established technique and will provide an invaluable resource for regenerative medicine. However, the low reprogramming efficiency of human iPSC is still a limitation for clinical application. Here we showed that the reprogramming potential of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) obtained from immature teeth is much higher than those of mature teeth DPCs. Furthermore, immature teeth DPCs can be reprogrammed by OCT3/4 and SOX2, conversely these two factors are insufficient to convert mature teeth DPCs to pluripotent states. Using a gene expression profiles between these two DPC groups, we identified a new transcript factor, distal-less homeobox 4 (DLX4), which was highly expressed in immature teeth DPCs and significantly promoted human iPSC generation in combination with OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4. We further show that activation of TGF-β signaling suppresses the expression of DLX4 in DPCs and impairs the iPSC generation of DPCs. Our findings indicate that DLX4 can functionally replace c-MYC and supports efficient reprogramming of immature teeth DPCs.