gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A propspective clinical trial of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in patients with resected superficial bladder cancer (1992)

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a promising chemopreventive agent which is excreted unchanged in the urine, is active in vivo against superficial bladder cancer in animal tumor model systems, and has cytotoxic activity in vitro against superficial bladder cancer cells. Thus, DFMO may be particularly efficacious in preventing the development of bladder tumors and/or for the therapy of established superficial bladder cancer. To examine this hypothesis, an intergroup clinical trial is currently accruing patients with cystoscopically resected superficial bladder cancer (who would otherwise simply be observed). While the primary goal of this protocol is to define a daily dose of DFMO having little or no toxicity for use in future randomized chemoprevention trials, the rate of recurrent bladder tumors will also be followed in the hope that DFMO will inhibit the development of recurrent bladder cancers.
A Remote Control Brain Telestimulator with Solar Cell Power Supply (1968)

A brain telestimulator system is described which can be used with primates weighing 3.0 kg or more. The 3×6×7 cm, 200 gm head-mounted receiver employs solar cells to maintain the charge on its battery, thereby permitting experiments to continue undisturbed for many months. The head unit develops across its output a cathodal, monophasic pulse whose duration, rate, and constant current are remotely controlled from the transmitter. Subject to a duty cycle of 0.1, these parameters are continuously and remotely variable: pulse repetition rate, 0-200 pulses per second; pulse duration, 0.1-3.0 ms; pulse current intensity, 0-1.0 mA with less than ± 3 percent variance for loads between 2500-10 000 ohms. Output pulse rise time is 30 , μs. Any one of 12 electrode channels can be selected for stimulation by remote control activation of an electro-mechanical stepping switch in the head unit. Utilization of crystal control in the frequency modulated transmitter and head units permits multi-animal operation by providing separate bands in the 138 MHz region for independent stimulation of up to four animals. The sensitivity of the receiver has purposely been designed low (-35 dBm). Thus, with the present transmitter the system has a range of about 0.2 mile, which extends beyond the normal visual limits of observation of primate groups.
Generative approach using the noise generation models for DNN-based speech synthesis trained from noisy speech (2018)

This paper proposes a generative approach to construct high-quality speech synthesis from noisy speech. Studio-quality recorded speech is required to construct high-quality speech synthesis, but most of existing speech has been recorded in a noisy environment. A common method to use noisy speech for training speech synthesis models is reducing the noise before the vocoder-based parameterization. However, such multi-step processes cause an accumulation of spectral distortion. Meanwhile, statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) without vocoders, which directly generates spectral parameters or waveforms, has been proposed recently. The vocoder-free SPSS will enable us to train speech synthesis models considering the noise addition process generally used in signal processing research. In the proposed approach, newly introduced noise generation models trained by a generative adversarial training algorithm randomly generates spectra of the noise. The speech synthesis models are trained to make the sum of their output and the randomly generated noise close to spectra of noisy speech. Because the noise generation model parameters fit the spectrum of the observed noise, the proposed method can alleviate the spectral distortion found in the conventional method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method in terms of synthetic speech quality.
Continuing Professional Education And The University: The Practice Audit Model As A Process For Needs Assessment And Program Development (1980)

A context for continuing professional education is given, along with a process for encouraging the university and practicing professional to combine efforts for program quality. The proposed Practice Audit Model is a systematic process for identifying the educational needs of the practitioner who has a well-developed professional organization.
Are Platelets Cells? And if Yes, are They Immune Cells? (2015)

Small fragments circulating in the blood were formally identified by the end of the nineteenth century, and it was suggested that they assisted coagulation via interactions with vessel endothelia. Wright, at the beginning of the twentieth century, identified their bone-marrow origin. For long, platelets have been considered sticky assistants of hemostasis and pollutants of blood or tissue samples; they were just cell fragments. As such, however, they were acknowledged as immunizing (to specific HPA and HLA markers): the platelet's dark face. The enlightened face showed that besides hemostasis, platelets contained factors involved in healing. As early as 1930s, platelets entered the arsenal of medicines were transfused, and were soon manipulated to become a kind of glue to repair damaged tissues. Some gladly categorized platelets as cells but they were certainly not fully licensed as such for cell physiologists. Actually, platelets possess almost every characteristic of cells, apart from being capable of organizing their genes: they have neither a nucleus nor genes. This view prevailed until it became evident that platelets play a role in homeostasis and interact with cells other than with vascular endothelial cells; then began the era of physiological and also pathological inflammation. Platelets have now entered the field of immunity as inflammatory cells. Does assistance to immune cells itself suffice to license a cell as an "immune cell"? Platelets prove capable of sensing different types of signals and organizing an appropriate response. Many cells can do that. However, platelets can use a complete signalosome (apart from the last transcription step, though it is likely that this step can be circumvented by retrotranscribing RNA messages). The question has also arisen as to whether platelets can present antigen via their abundantly expressed MHC class I molecules. In combination, these properties argue in favor of allowing platelets the title of immune cells.
Global Magnitude of Reported and Unreported Mesothelioma (2011)

We estimate conservatively that, globally, one mesothelioma case has been overlooked for every four to five reported cases. Because our estimation is based on asbestos use until 1970, the many countries that increased asbestos use since then should anticipate a higher disease burden in the immediate decades ahead.
The D10 Decapping Enzyme of Vaccinia Virus Contributes to Decay of Cellular and Viral mRNAs and to Virulence in Mice (2013)

Posttranscriptional mechanisms are important for regulation of cellular and viral gene expression. The presence of the 5' cap structure m(7)G(5')ppp(5')Nm is a general feature of mRNAs that provides protection from exoribonuclease digestion and enhances translation. Vaccinia virus and other poxviruses encode enzymes for both cap synthesis and decapping. Decapping is mediated by two related enzymes, D9 and D10, which are synthesized before and after viral DNA replication, respectively. The timing of D10 synthesis correlates better with the shutdown of host gene expression, and deletion of this gene has been shown to cause persistence of host and viral mRNAs in infected cells. Here, we constructed specific mutant viruses in which translation of D10 was prevented by stop codons or activity of D10 was abrogated by catalytic site mutations, without other genomic alterations. Both mutants formed plaques of normal size and replicated to similar extents as the parental virus in monkey epithelial cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The synthesis of viral proteins was slightly delayed, and cellular and viral mRNAs persisted longer in cells infected with the mutants compared to either the parental virus or clonal revertant. Despite the mild effects in vitro, both mutants were more attenuated than the revertants in intranasal and intraperitoneal mouse models, and less infectious virus was recovered from organs. In addition, there was less lung histopathology following intranasal infection with mutant viruses. These data suggest that the D10 decapping enzyme may help restrict antiviral responses by accelerating host mRNA degradation during poxvirus infection.
Broadband and wide-angle hybrid antireflection coatings prepared by combining interference multilayers with subwavelength structures (2016)

To reduce the intensity of the Fresnel reflections of optical components, subwavelength structures prepared by reactive ion etching of SiO2 thin films were combined as the outermost layer with a multilayer system made of conventional thin-film materials. A hybrid coating was thus realized, with the nanoscaled structured outermost layer expected to further improve the antireflection properties of common interference stacks. The microscopic and optical spectroscopic analysis of the subwavelength structures revealed that pillar-shaped nanostructures formed during etching exhibit low-refractive-index properties and have a depth-dependent refractive index. To take into account the refractive-index gradient in the coating design, the optical properties of the nanostructures were modeled using the effective-medium approximation. The calculated average effective refractive index turned out to be 1.11 at 500-nm wavelength. A hybrid coating was designed to minimize the residual reflectance in the 400-nm to 900-nm spectral range for BK7 glass substrate. Experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid-coating approach yields a low residual reflectance with very good omnidirectional properties, owing to the properties of the nanostructured surface.
Draft Genome Sequence of <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. Sa187, an Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from the Desert Plant <i>Indigofera argentea</i> (2017)

<i>Enterobacter</i> sp. Sa187 is a plant endophytic bacterium, isolated from root nodules of the desert plant <i>Indigofera argentea</i>, collected from the Jizan region of Saudi Arabia. Here, we report the genome sequence of Sa187, highlighting several genes involved in plant growth-promoting activity and environmental adaption.
The toxicity of inhaled ethylene oxide and propylene oxide vapors; acute and chronic toxicity of ethylene oxide and acute toxicity of propylene oxide. (1956)

Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide cause respiratory irritation in dogs, rats, and mice on acute exposure. Ethylene oxide appears to be about two or three times as toxic as propylene oxide, both of which are only moderately toxic vapors. It is believed that the accepted MAC of 100 ppm for ethylene oxide should be reduced to a value of 50 ppm for this standard.
Natural Salicylates and Their Roles in Human Health (2020)

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone which plays a crucial role in the plant defense against various pathogens and abiotic stresses. Increasing reports suggest that this phenolic compound and its derivatives, collectively termed salicylates, not only regulate plant defense but also have beneficial effects on human health. Both natural and synthetic salicylates are known to have multiple targets in humans, thereby exhibiting various appreciating pharmacological roles, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic effects, and so on. The role of some salicylates, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine), and amorfrutins in human diseases has been well studied in vitro. However, their clinical significance in different diseases is largely unknown. Based on recent studies, five natural salicylates, including amorfrutin, ginkgolic acid, grifolic acid, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, and cannabidiolic acid, showed potential roles in different challenging human diseases. This review summarizes together some of the recent information on multitarget regulatory activities of these natural salicylates and their pharmacological roles in human health.
[Mitochondria as the target for neuroprotectors]. (2005)

Contemporary methods of treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are limited and mainly symptomatic. Despite difference in particular clinical manifestations, NDs have a number of common features, the main of which is death of certain neuron population. The authors suppose that mitochondria and the phenomenon of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), playing the key role in cell death, may be a perspective target for the search of drugs with a capability of delaying the neurological deficit associated with NDs. The authors have demonstrated that some neurotoxins which are widely used to model neurodegenerative conditions are able to potentiate or even induce MPT. The neuroprotective effect of widely used cognition-enhancing drugs, such as tacrin, memantine, dimebon, N-acethylserotonine, and extract of Gingko biloba), may also be a result of their interaction with mitochondria. Thus, the search of drugs capable of preventing or breaking the cascade of cell death as a result of MPT suppression and, at the same time, compensating for the impaired brain functions, is very topical.
Formation of Phosphatidyl 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,3,5-Trialkyl Pyridinium on Heating Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine with<i>n</i>-Alkanal (1974)

From the reaction products of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and n-alkanais such as pro-pionaldehyde or n-heptaldehyde at 60°C for 2 hr, a series of phosphatidyl l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3,5-trialkyl pyridiniums were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and were identified by the elementary analysis, UV, IR and NMR spectral analysis of alkali and acid hydrolyzates of the compounds. The course of formation reaction of pyridinium ring was discussed.
A Novel Method for Body Shape Analysis in E-MTM (2010)

Body shape analysis module is an important part in the e- Measure to Made. In this article, we discuss the body shape analysis approach based on fuzzy particle swarm optimization clustering algorithm.First we extract parameters features of the body shapes in body shape database which obtained from 3D scanner. Then fuzzy particle swarm optimization clustering algorithm is implemented to classify these body shapes and the clustering results are obtained.The results show it’s a effective method.
Happy Measure (2013)

The authors present a vision based augmented reality system called Happy Measure to facilitate the measurement, 3D modeling, and visualization of furniture and other objects using a smartphone or mobile device equipped with a camera. They also study the concomitant interaction metaphors that enable interactive 3D model capture and manipulation in augmented environments. The proposed system allows for interactive measurement of an object’s size and the creation of primitive based 3D models from a single photograph. The appearance of the furniture (color textured model) is captured by the system using the underlying (or multiple) images taken by the user. This allows the user to capture textured 3D models of furniture or other objects and manipulate them virtually for visualization purposes. The authors compare two interaction metaphors used to capture 3D textured models of object to ensure easy interaction while still obtaining accurate measurements in a user test. Results suggest that one is superior in terms of measurement accuracy and also subjective user experience as it allows for continuous touch interaction on the whole screen. Virtually placing a modeled object in another location is another aspect of the presented system and the authors explore a novel interaction paradigm to perform this task along with initial user tests.
Repercusión del uso de las TIC en la Sanidad española. (2013)

La “revolucion” de Internet por medio de los ordenadores, los soportes de comunicacion en todas sus vertientes relacionadas con la transmision, procesamiento y almacenamiento digitalizado de la informacion, aplicaciones multimedia, mass media, comunicacion por telefonia, software, hardware, han permitido la adquisicion, registro y presentacion de informacion, unas veces en forma de voz, otras de imagenes o datos de naturaleza acustica, optica o electromagnetica. Por todo ello, despierta un interes estudiar la repercusion que ha tenido su uso en la sanidad espanola, y los beneficios que han obtenido los ciudadanos de las mismas.
<title>Quantization watermarking</title> (2000)

A watermarking scheme for distinguishing different copies of the same multimedia document (fingerprinting) is investigated. Efficient transmission of natural data requires lossy compression, which might impair the embedded watermark. We investigate whether the quantization step in compression schemes can be replaced by dithered quantization to combine fingerprinting and compression. Dithered quantization offers the possibility of producing perceptually equivalent signals that are not exactly equal. The non-subtractive quantization error can be used as the watermark. We denote the proposed watermarking scheme as 'quantization watermarking.' Such a scheme is only practical for watermarking applications where the original signal is available to the detector. We analyze the influence of the dither signal on the perceptual quality of the watermarked document and the watermark detection robustness. Further, the cross-talk between the non- subtractive quantization errors for two different dither realizations is investigated. An analytical description for fine quantization and experimental results for coarse quantization show how the cross-talk depends on the characteristics of the dither signal. The derived properties of quantization watermarking are verified for combined JPEG compression and fingerprinting. The detection robustness for the proposed quantization error watermark is compared with that of an independent additive watermark.
Characterization and requirements for Cu-Cu bonds for three-dimensional integrated circuits (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.
Applied macroinorganics. IV. Effect of the crosslinking agent on protonation, and metal ions complexing abilities, of ion exchange resins with poly(amido–amine) structure (1983)

Abstract Two classes of resins, having a poly(amido–amine) structure, have been synthesized. The basicity constants and the complexing abilities toward copper (II) and nickel (II) ions have been investigated by potentiometric techniques. The influence of the nature of the crosslinking agent on the basicities and the complexing abilities has been studied.
Fabrication of Highly Uniform Conductive Polypyrrole Nanowires with DNA Template (2010)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is considered as one of the alternative materials for electronic device applications; however, DNA has critical limitation to electronic device applications due to its low electrical conductivity and unreliability. Therefore, it is required for electronic devices to prepare the well defined conductive polymer nanowires with DNA as a template. Polypyrrole (PPy) is an attractive polymer due to its high conductivity and environmental stability in bulk; although it is well known that ammonium persulfate (APS) used for the polymerization of pyrrole causes the deformation of DNA molecules. We minimized the damage of immobilized DNA strands on (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) modified silicon wafer during APS polymerization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images from different APS treatment times and from using the vortex process obviously showed the effect on the synthesis of individual and continuous polypyrrole nanowires (PPy NWs). The PPy NWs at various pyrrole concentrations had similar height; however, the higher concentration gave more residues. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy provided the strong evidence that PPy NWs were successfully synthesized on the DNA strands.
Combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of pancreatic cancer using nanocage contrast agents (2009)

A new metallodielectric nanoparticle consisting of a silica core and silver outer cage was developed for the purpose of enhancing photoacoustic imaging contrast in pancreatic tissue. These nanocages were injected into an ex vivo porcine pancreas and imaged using a combined photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) assembly. This custom-designed PAUS assembly delivered 800 nm light through a fiber optical light delivery system integrated with 128 element linear array transducer operating at 7.5 MHz center frequency. Imaging results prove that the nanocage contrast agents have the ability to enhance photoacoustic imaging contrast. Furthermore, the value of the combined PAUS imaging modality was demonstrated as the location of nanocages against background native tissue was evident. Future applications of these nanocage contrast agents could include targeting them to pancreatic cancer for enhancement of photoacoustic imaging for diagnosis and therapy.
The prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology for stage I endometrial cancer. (1989)

A retrospective study of 567 patients treated for surgical stage I endometrial cancer was undertaken to resolve the controversy over the significance of malignant peritoneal cytology findings in early-stage disease. Twenty-eight women (4.9%) had peritoneal cytology positive for malignant cells. Comparisons were made between the groups with positive and negative cytology. Subgroups used in analysis included stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, treatment regimen, histology, grade, depth of myometrial invasion, and cervical Papanicolaou smear results. Cervical smear status was the only subgroup in which a statistically significant difference was found, with the positive peritoneal cytology patients having a higher incidence of positive Papanicolaou smears (P = .01). Forty-nine women (8.6%) developed recurrent tumor, 7% of the negative-cytology group and 32% of the positive-cytology group (P = .0002). The progression-free survival rate was lowered significantly by positive peritoneal cytology (P less than .0001); patients with negative peritoneal cytology had a significantly better 5-year survival rate, 96 versus 84% (P = .0001). When multivariate analysis was performed on the 477 cases that had no missing values, peritoneal cytology remained significant for both survival rate (P = .01) and progression-free interval (P = .002). Positive peritoneal cytology is a poor prognostic factor for patients with surgical stage I endometrial cancer.