gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and electronic spectra of substituted bis(hexaphenylbenzenes) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and electronic spectra of substituted bis(hexaphenylbenzenes)James A. Harvey and Michael A. OgliarusoCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1977, 22, 1, 110–113Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60072a030https://doi.org/10.1021/je60072a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Transcutaneous electric muscle stimulation--a "new" possibility for the prevention of thrombosis?]. (1994)

Adhesive electrodes for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the calf were applied on the skin of 11 patients with ruptures of the fibular ligaments (treated surgically or conservatively with cast) during the period of immobilisation (four weeks). Muscle stimulations were performed several times a day over a period of at least 15 minutes with a small rechargable muscle stimulation apparatus. Duplex sonography revealed that a significant rise of the venous flow velocity could be achieved with an 8.5-fold increase of the venous flow velocity as measured over the popliteal vein. Transcutaneous muscle stimulation might move to be a "new" efficient method for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis.
Use of the Rapid‐Visco‐Analyzer to Measure Starch Pasting Properties. Part I: Effect of Sugars (1989)

Abstract The Rapid Visco‐Analyzer (RVA) was used to measure the effects of dextrose, sucrose, corn syrup solids and polydextrose on maize, tapioca and wheat starch pasting properties. The addition of 1 part sugar: 1 part starch tended to decrease peak viscosity, whereas peak viscosity increased at higher sugar concentrations (up to 4 parts sugar: 1 part starch). Time to onset of viscosity increase and time to peak viscosity increased as sugar concentrations increased. Dextrose, sucrose and corn syrup solids increased the maximum setback viscosity, of the starches, but polydextrose reduced setback viscosity. As the molecular weights of the sugars increased, the effects generally increased for maize and tapioca starches but not for wheat starch. Pasting property parameters measured in the RVA concurred with data obtained using other viscometers or by other techniques previously reported. The RVA is useful as an alternative tool for studying starch pasting properties and the effects of food ingredients on starch performance.
Discriminative Improvements to Distributional Sentence Similarity (2013)

Matrix and tensor factorization have been applied to a number of semantic relatedness tasks, including paraphrase identification.The key idea is that similarity in the latent space implies semantic relatedness.We describe three ways in which labeled data can improve the accuracy of these approaches on paraphrase classification.First, we design a new discriminative term-weighting metric called TF-KLD, which outperforms TF-IDF.Next, we show that using the latent representation from matrix factorization as features in a classification algorithm substantially improves accuracy.Finally, we combine latent features with fine-grained n-gram overlap features, yielding performance that is 3% more accurate than the prior state-of-the-art.
Development of a solid state versatile pulsar for high voltage and high power applications (2009)

A solid state pulsar for high voltage and high power application has been developed, fabricated and tested. Provision for independent variation of pulse amplitude, width and repetition rate, make it a versatile source for many pulse power applications and experiments. The basic module is rated for 2.5 kV and 50 A. Experimental prototype with 16 series connected modules is used to generate 40 kV pulse. Pulse width variation from 5 to 50 ¿S and PRF from 1 Hz to 200 Hz have been achieved. Pulses of positive or negative polarity can be generated by changing the earth connection. Tests results on resistive load are obtained and presented in this paper. The pulsar would be used for characterisation of high power microwave tubes.
Enantioselective Direct-Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Imines Catalyzed by Copper(I)pybox Complex in Water and in Toluene (2002)

Highly enantioselective direct alkyne-imine additions catalyzed by Cu(I)OTf and Evan's pybox ligands were developed in water and in toluene. The process is simple and provides a diverse range of propargylic amine in high ee and good yield.
Complications associated with percutaneous nephrostomies. a retrospective study (2004)

Percutaneous nephrostomy is a gentle procedure associated with high technical success and low morbidity. However, the risk of the procedure has to be weighed against the expected benefit.
Laser transmission welding of high-performance polymers and reinforced composites - a fundamental study (2010)

This article presents investigations into the weldability of high-performance polymers and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRP) using laser transmission welding techniques. Fundamental studies of the absorption characteristics of CFRP as joining partner and the heat distribution within the surface due to laser impact have been performed. The welding process has been analyzed with respect to the properties of the weld seam and lap shear strength tests have been realized for different material combinations.
Probing the in vivo changes in oxygen saturation with photoacoustic imaging as a non-invasive means of assessing treatment progression (2015)

In vivo photoacoustic estimations of tumor oxygenation were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a thermosensitive liposome treatment in a pre-clinical mouse model. The treated group (n = 12) was administered doxorubicin-loaded, heat sensitive liposomes and exposed to mild hyperthermia (43°C) in order to deliver doxorubicin locally within the tumor micro-vessels. Control groups received systemic doxorubicin (n = 7) or saline (n = 12). The changes in tumor blood vessels after treatment were probed by analyzing the frequency content of the photoacoustic radiofrequency signals. Tumor oxygenation dropped by 15-20% during the first 30 minutes post-treatment when the tumors were exposed to encapsulated (Heat-Activated cyToxic – HaT-DOX) or free doxorubicin (DOX). The early (30 minutes to 5 hours) decrease in oxygen saturation strongly correlated to the reduction in tumor size assessed by caliper measurements. Control animals did not exhibit significant changes in tumor oxygenation at the early time points. The oxygenation at 7 days increased significantly for all groups. Measurements of the spectral slope from the normalized power spectra of the photoacoustic signals could also be used to differentiate between responder and non-responder mice. The results of this study suggest that photoacoustic imaging of tumors undergoing vascular-targeted cancer therapy can be used to assess treatment response early (hours) post-treatment through a combined analysis of oxygen saturation and photoacoustic radiofrequency spectroscopy.
Three-dimensional diffuse optical mammography with ultrasound localization in a human subject (2000)

We describe an approach that combines clinical ultrasound and photon migration techniques to enhance the sensitivity and information content of diffuse optical tomography. Measurements were performed on a postmenopausal woman with a single 1.8 x 0.9 cm malignant ductal carcinoma in situ approximately 7.4 mm beneath the skin surface (UCI IRB protocol 95-563). The ultrasound-derived information about tumor geometry enabled us to segment the breast tissue into tumor and background regions. Optical data was obtained with a multifrequency, multiwavelength hand-held frequency-domain photon migration backscattering probe. The optical properties of the tumor and background were then computed using the ultrasound-derived geometrical constraints. An iterative perturbative approach, using parallel processing, provided quantitative information about scattering and absorption simultaneously with the ability to incorporate and resolve complex boundary conditions and geometries. A three to four fold increase in the tumor absorption coefficient and nearly 50% reduction in scattering coefficient relative to background was observed (lambda = 674, 782, 803, and 849 nm). Calculations of the mean physiological parameters reveal fourfold greater tumor total hemoglobin concentration [Hbtot] than normal breast (67 microM vs 16 microM) and tumor hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SOx) values of 63% (vs 73% and 68% in the region surrounding the tumor and the opposite normal tissue, respectively). Comparison of semi-infinite to heterogeneous models shows superior tumor/background contrast for the latter in both absorption and scattering. Sensitivity studies assessing the impact of tumor size and refractive index assumptions, as well as scan direction, demonstrate modest effects on recovered properties.
On the Horizon: Promising Investigational Antiretroviral Agents (2006)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects close to 40 million individuals worldwide. Since 1981 when the first case reports of individuals dying from a then rare opportunistic infection were published, twenty million people have died from this epidemic. With 3 or more antiretrovirals as the standard of care, the prevalence of single, double and triple-class resistant HIV strains has increased significantly over the last 5 years due to the tremendous replicative capacity of HIV and selective drug pressure. With greater resistance comes the need for novel and effective antiretrovirals to treat these resistant strains. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most promising agents and classes in Phase II-III drug development by assessing the clinical efficacy, pharmacology, resistance and tolerability. Three out of the four existing antiretroviral classes (nucleosides, non-nucleosides, protease inhibitors) with agents in clinical trials will be discussed such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (D-d4FC, SPD754), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (capravirine, TMC125) and protease inhibitors (tipranavir, TMC114). In the next several years, antiretrovirals from novel pharmacologic classes will enter the HIV armamentarium. Based on the early clinical studies, these promising agents will be reviewed from the following classes: attachment inhibitors (TNX-355, BMS-488043), CCR5 coreceptor antagonists (SCH-D, UK-427857, GW 873140) and a maturation inhibitor (PA-457). It is hoped that these agents will represent a therapeutic advance and better activity against HIV resistant strains by providing effective therapy that will reduce viral load, increase the CD4+ cell count and ultimately, prolong survival with minimal adverse effects.
Phase-transfer-catalyzed chlorination of poly(p-methylstyrene) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase-transfer-catalyzed chlorination of poly(p-methylstyrene)S. Mohanraj and Warren T. FordCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 10, 2470–2472Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00164a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (393 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Application of Nano-LC-Based Glycomics Towards Biomarker Discovery (2011)

The glycome, that is, the glycan components of a biological source, has been widely reported to change with disease states. However, mining the glycome for biomarkers is complicated by glycan structural heterogeneity. Nanoflow LC, or nano-LC, significantly addresses the problem by providing a highly sensitive and quantitative method of separating and profiling glycans. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical technology and methodology that enhance and augment the advantages offered by nano-LC. (e.g., reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction and porous graphitized carbon chromatography, as well as associated derivatization strategies), detectors (e.g., fluorescence and MS), and technology platforms (particularly chip-based nano-LC) are examined in detail, along with their application to biomarker discovery. Particular emphasis is placed on methods and technologies that allow structure-specific glycan profiling.
Priorities for Improving the Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2008)

A National Cancer Institute summit meeting on gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors was held in September 2007 to present the currently accepted standards of care for patients with these tumors and to identify areas requiring investigation and development. These tumors are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous, present commonly with obscure symptoms that lead to delays in diagnosis of years, and have an incidence in the United States of 2.5 to 5 cases per 100,000. The 5-year survival rates range between 15% and 95%, depending on the site and extent of disease. This report delineates the main conclusions of the meeting, including the best practice diagnosis and treatment strategies for gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and the identification of clinical and scientific areas that are most in need of attention. The most pressing needs were public and physician education, identification of molecular markers for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, improved imaging modalities and molecular prognostication, development of a standardized pathological classification system, and creation of regional centers of expertise with tumor and laboratory data banks. In addition, adequately validated neuroendocrine tumor models and cell lines should be established to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of their growth and secretion, and to facilitate the development of specific therapies that should be examined in well-designed multicenter studies of defined patient groups.
An overview of solution-based semiconductor nanowires: synthesis and optical studies (2007)

This Perspective describes recent progress in the synthesis and optical characterization of high quality solution-based semiconductor nanowires (NWs). The described solution-phase NW syntheses are analogous to conventional vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth schemes for 1D materials. However, a primary difference is that low melting catalyst particles are used to induce the asymmetric crystallization of wires at temperatures sustainable by solution chemistry (T < 400 degrees C). Reactions are conducted in the presence of mild coordinating solvents such as trioctylphosphine oxide, which modulate NW growth kinetics and passivate their surfaces. This approach borrows from concurrent advances in colloidal quantum dot (QD) syntheses. In particular, the appropriate choice of solvent, coordinating ligands, growth conditions and precursors all originate from existing preparations for high quality semiconductor QDs. Subsequent structural characterization of the nanowires reveals their high degree of crystallinity, low ensemble size distributions and intrawire uniformity. Variations of these syntheses yield branched CdSe, CdTe and PbSe NWs with characteristic tripod, v-shape, y-shape, t-shape and "higher order" morphologies. A "geminate" NW nucleation mechanism is used to explain this phenomenon. The proposed branching model is also predictive and can be tested by additional nanowire syntheses that we or others conduct. Corresponding optical properties of both straight and branched wires are described, including measurements of their frequency-dependent absorption cross sections. Preliminary ensemble experiments focus on transient differential absorption measurements to study relevant carrier relaxation pathways and timescales over which these processes occur. Additional studies reveal intrawire optical heterogeneity and fluorescence intermittency at the single NW level.
The Rat Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Adapts to Robotic Loading Applied During Stance (2002)

Load-related afferent information modifies the magnitude and timing of hindlimb muscle activity during stepping in decerebrate animals and spinal cord-injured humans and animals, suggesting that the spinal cord mediates load-related locomotor responses. In this study, we found that stepping on a treadmill by adult rats that received complete, midthoracic spinal cord transections as neonates could be altered by loading the hindlimbs using a pair of small robotic arms. The robotic arms applied a downward force to the lower shanks of the hindlimbs during the stance phase and measured the position of the lower shank during stepping. No external force was applied during the swing phase of the step. When applied bilaterally, this stance force field perturbed the hindlimb trajectories so that the ankle position was shifted downward during stance. In response to this perturbation, both the stance and step cycle durations decreased. During swing, the hindlimb initially accelerated toward the normal, unperturbed swing trajectory and then tracked the normal trajectory. Bilateral loading increased the magnitude of the medial gastrocnemius electromyographic (EMG) burst during stance and increased the amplitude of the semitendinosus and rectus femoris EMG bursts. When the force field was applied unilaterally, stance duration decreased in the loaded hindlimb, while swing duration was decreased in the contralateral hindlimb, thereby preserving interlimb coordination. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using robotic devices to mechanically modulate afferent input to the injured spinal cord during weight-supported locomotion. In addition, these results indicate that the lumbosacral spinal cord responds to load-related input applied to the lower shank during stance by modifying step timing and muscle activation patterns, while preserving normal swing kinematics and interlimb coordination.
Diffraction and XPS Studies of Misfit Layer Chalcogenides Intercalated with Cobaltocene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffraction and XPS Studies of Misfit Layer Chalcogenides Intercalated with CobaltoceneL. Hernan, J. Morales, L. Sanchez, J. L. Tirado, J. P. Espinos, and A. R. Gonzalez ElipeCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 8, 1576–1582Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00056a026https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00056a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Piezoelectric vs. Capacitive Based Force Sensing in Capacitive Touch Panels (2016)

High sensitivity force sensing is a desirable function of capacitance touch screen panels. In this paper, we report on a dynamic force detection technique by utilizing piezoelectric materials. The force-voltage responsivities are investigated for four widely used stack-ups, with various panel thicknesses and touch locations. Based on the theoretical analysis and simulation results, the maximum responsivity and the signal-to-noise ratio are achieved at 0.42 V/N and 59.1 dB, respectively. The proposed technique implements force sensing successfully, enhancing the human-machine interactivity experience.
Autoimmunity, spontaneous tumourigenesis, and IL‐15 insufficiency in mice with a targeted disruption of the tumour suppressor gene <i>Fus1</i> (2007)

The Fus1 gene resides in the critical 3p21.3 human chromosomal region deleted in lung and breast cancers. Recently, the tumour suppressor properties of Fus1 were confirmed experimentally by intra-tumoural administration of Fus1 that suppressed experimental lung metastasis in mice. We generated Fus1-deficient mice that were viable, fertile, and demonstrated a complex immunological phenotype. Animals with a disrupted Fus1 gene developed signs of autoimmune disease, such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, anaemia, circulating autoantibodies, and showed an increased frequency of spontaneous vascular tumours. Preliminary analysis of immune cell populations revealed a consistent defect in NK cell maturation in Fus1 null mice that correlated with changes in the expression of IL-15. Injection of IL-15 into Fus1 knockout mice completely rescued the NK cell maturation defect. Based on these results, we propose the hypothesis that Fus1 deficiency affects NK cell maturation through the reduction of IL-15 production but does not directly alter their developmental capacity. Since acquired immunity was not affected in Fus1-deficient animals, we suggest a relationship between the Fus1 protein and the regulation of innate immunity via IL-15 production. The increased frequency of spontaneous cancers and the development of an autoimmune syndrome in Fus1 null mice imply that these mice could serve as a model for studying molecular mechanisms of anti-tumour immunity and autoimmunity.