gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Concentrations of Sodium Chloride Improve Microbicidal Activity of Ibuprofen against Common Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens (2018)

Ibuprofen (IBU-H), a widely used anti-inflammatory, also shows a marked antimicrobial effect against several bacterial species, including those involved in cystic fibrosis such as <i>Pseudomona aeruginosa</i>, methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> complex. Additionally, our results show significant synergy between water soluble Na-ibuprofen (IBU-Na) and ionic strength. Salt concentrations above 0.5 M modify the zeta potential promoting the action of Na-IBU; thus, with 1 M sodium chloride, IBU-Na is ten times more efficient than in the absence of ionic strength, and the minimum effective contact time is reduced from hours to minutes. In short time periods, where neither IBU-Na nor controls with 1 M NaCl show activity, the combination of both leads to a reduction in the bacterial load. We also analyzed whether the changes caused by salt on the bacterial membrane also promoted the activity of other microbicide compounds used in cystic fibrosis like gentamicin, tobramycin and phosphomycin. The results show that the presence of ionic strength only enhanced the bactericidal activity of the amphipathic molecule of IBU-Na. In this respect, the effect of saline concentration was also reflected in the surface properties of IBU-Na, where, in addition to the clear differences observed between 145 mM and 1 M, singular behaviors were also found, different in each condition. The combination of anti-inflammatory activity and this improved bactericidal effect of Na-IBU in hypertonic solution provides a new alternative for the treatment of respiratory infections of fibrotic patients based on known and widely used compounds.
Cytotoxicity of stimulated equine neutrophils on equine endothelial cells in culture (2000)

We studied the interactions of isolated equine neutrophils with endothelial cells in culture, mimicking a situation of acute inflammation. Our main purpose was to demonstrate that the supernatant of activated neutrophils was sufficient to damage endothelial cells. Equine endothelial cells (from carotid arteries) were covered either with increased numbers of equine neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, or with the supernatant collected after an in vitro stimulation of the neutrophils. Cytotoxicity was estimated by the release of preincorporated 51Cr, and by light microscopy observations. To assert the specific role of reactive oxygen species, endothelial cells were treated by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XOx) system (production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide), and by hypochlorite (product of the activity of myeloperoxidase). A strong cytotoxicity was found with stimulated neutrophils; microscopic observations indicated a loss of 50% of the endothelial cells and morphological alterations in the remaining cells. The supernatant of stimulated neutrophils was cytotoxic, in correlation with the number of neutrophils used to obtain the supernatant, and with the supernatant concentration of myeloperoxidase. The cytotoxicity of the X/XOx system was weak, but was increased by myeloperoxidase. Hypochlorite was highly toxic. We concluded that the supernatant of stimulated neutrophils was sufficient to obtain cytotoxic effects on the endothelium, in the absence of a direct contact between endothelium and neutrophils, and that this cytotoxicity was mainly linked to the activity of myeloperoxidase. From these in vitro results, it can be extrapolated that in pathologies characterised by an important activation of neutrophils, damage can spread to cells and tissues away from the inflammation focus.
Reactive compatibilization of PET and PPE blends by epoxy couplers (1997)

A commercially available tetrafunctional epoxy monomer was demonstrated to be an effective reactive compatibilizer for blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyphenylene ether (PPE). It requires about 10–20% by weight of a conventional reactive compatibilizer to achieve the same level of compatibilization in terms of domain size reduction and mechanical property improvement. This epoxy monomer is able to contact and react with PET and PPE simultaneously during high shear extruder blending to form the desirable PET–epoxy–PPE mixed copolymer. This mixed copolymer contains PET and PPE segments that tend to anchor at the interface to act as an efficient compatibilizer of the PET and PPE blends. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 739–753, 1997
Short minority carrier lifetimes in highly nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC epilayers for suppression of the stacking fault formation in PiN diodes (2016)

We investigated the dependency of minority carrier lifetimes on the nitrogen concentration, temperature, and the injected carrier concentration for highly nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC epilayers. The minority carrier lifetimes greatly shortened when the nitrogen concentration exceeded 1018 cm−3 through enhancing direct band-to-band and Auger recombination and showed a slight variation in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 250 °C. The epilayer with a nitrogen concentration of 9.3 × 1018 cm−3 exhibited a very short minority carrier lifetime of 38 ns at RT and 43 ns at 250 °C. The short minority carrier lifetimes of the highly nitrogen-doped epilayer were confirmed to maintain the values even after the subsequent annealing of 1700 °C. 4H-SiC PiN diodes were fabricated by depositing a highly nitrogen-doped epilayer as a “recombination enhancing layer” between an n− drift layer free from basal plane dislocations and the substrate. The PiN diodes showed no formation of stacking faults and no increase in forward voltage during current conduction of 600 A/cm2 (DC), demonstrating that a highly nitrogen-doped buffer layer with a short minority carrier lifetime successfully suppresses the “bipolar degradation” phenomenon.
Optimal Patching Schemes for Efficient Multimedia Streaming (1999)

Abstract — Multimedia streaming applications consume a significant amount of server and network resources due to the high bandwidth and long duration of audio and video clips. Making streaming services economically viable requires techniques for minimizing the incremental cost of serving a new client, particularly for popular content. Patching [1] reduces server and network overhead by allowing a client to receive (part of) a multimedia stream by listening to an ongoing transmission of the same clip, without increasing client playback delay. However, existing patching schemes [1–3] do not fully exploit the client buffer space or the ability to listen to more than one ongoing transmission, for reducing bandwidth overheads. In this paper, we first introduce Periodic Buffer Reuse (PBR) patching that maximizes the amount of data that a client can retrieve from the ongoing transmission. Similar to the existing schemes, PBR can employ a threshold to determine when to start a new complete transmission of the stream. We derive a closed-form expression for the transmission bandwidth requirements for PBR patching, and show how to determine the optimal threshold value. Our performance comparison demonstrates that PBR can significantly outperform existing patching schemes. We then present Greedy Buffer Reuse (GBR), an algorithm that allows clients to patch to multiple ongoing transmissions. We show that this algorithm provably minimizes the server and network transmission bandwidth requirements. Simulation experiments demonstrate that GBR patching offers a sizeable reduction in transmission overhead over any of the threshold-based schemes, and rarely requires the client to listen to more than three simultaneous transmissions, for the scenarios we examine. I.
Thermal design of the TW-150 passive optical network access unit. I (2003)

This paper discusses the thermal analysis that was conducted on the TW-150 unit. The TW-150 unit is a thermally hardened product designed to operate under harsh ambient conditions ranging from -40 to 75/spl deg/C and altitudes of up to 13,000 ft above sea level. The unit is designed so that the case and junction temperatures of any component should not exceed 85 and 90/spl deg/C, respectively. Further, the case temperature of the optical module is to be limited to 76/spl deg/C under all operating conditions. Extensive thermal analysis was conducted so that the box operates reliably under these conditions with an acceptable mean time between failure. We present a brief description of the unit and the results obtained from preliminary thermal analysis. This will be followed by discussion on mesh refinement issues and the effect of baffles inside the box. We then discuss optimization of baffles, modeling of individual chips,and selection and optimization of heat sinks.
Studies Directed Toward the Total Synthesis of 14-Membered Cyclopeptide Alkaloids: Synthesis of a Linear Precursor to Nummularine-F (1990)

Abstract Investigations leading to the synthesis of a linear precursor (2) to the 14-membered cyclopeptide alkaloid, nummularine-F, are described. The Ugi four-component condensation reaction was utilized to prepare the key intermediate (3) which, under mild conditions, was elaborated to 2. The attempted cyclization conditions all led to the formation of a 28-membered cyclopeptide.
Evolutionarily conserved TRH neuropeptide pathway regulates growth in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2017)

In vertebrates thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a highly conserved neuropeptide that exerts the hormonal control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels as well as neuromodulatory functions. However, a functional equivalent in protostomian animals remains unknown, although TRH receptors are conserved in proto- and deuterostomians. Here we identify a TRH-like neuropeptide precursor in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> that belongs to a bilaterian family of TRH precursors. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi reverse genetics, we show that TRH-like neuropeptides, through the activation of their receptor TRHR-1, promote growth in <i>C</i><i>elegans</i> TRH-like peptides from pharyngeal motor neurons are required for normal body size, and knockdown of their receptor in pharyngeal muscle cells reduces growth. Mutants deficient for TRH signaling have no defects in pharyngeal pumping or isthmus peristalsis rates, but their growth defect depends on the bacterial diet. In addition to the decrease in growth, <i>trh-1</i> mutants have a reduced number of offspring. Our study suggests that TRH is an evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide, having its origin before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, and may ancestrally have been involved in the control of postembryonic growth and reproduction.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification Of The Tumor Antigen UN1 as the Transmembrane CD43 Sialoglycoprotein (2011)

The UN1 monoclonal antibody recognized the UN1 antigen as a heavily sialylated and O-glycosylated protein with the apparent molecular weight of 100-120 kDa; this antigen was peculiarly expressed in fetal tissues and several cancer tissues, including leukemic T cells, breast, and colon carcinomas. However, the lack of primary structure information has limited further investigation on the role of the UN1 antigen in neoplastic transformation. In this study, we have identified the UN1 antigen as CD43, a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein involved in cell adhesion, differentiation, and apoptosis. Indeed, mass spectrometry detected two tryptic peptides of the membrane-purified UN1 antigen that matched the amino acidic sequence of the CD43 intracellular domain. Immunological cross-reactivity, migration pattern in mono- and bi-dimensional electrophoresis, and CD43 gene-dependent expression proved the CD43 identity of the UN1 antigen. Moreover, the monosaccharide GalNAc-O-linked to the CD43 peptide core was identified as an essential component of the UN1 epitope by glycosidase digestion of specific glycan branches. UN1-type CD43 glycoforms were detected in colon, sigmoid colon, and breast carcinomas, whereas undetected in normal tissues from the same patients, confirming the cancer-association of the UN1 epitope. Our results highlight UN1 monoclonal antibody as a suitable tool for cancer immunophenotyping and analysis of CD43 glycosylation in tumorigenesis.
Room temperature nano-square plasmon laser (2010)

We report plasmon lasers with strong cavity feedback and optical confinement to 1/20th wavelength. Strong feedback arises from total internal reflection of plasmons, while confinement enhances the spontaneous emission rate by up to 18 times.
Semantic text similarity using corpus-based word similarity and string similarity (2008)

We present a method for measuring the semantic similarity of texts using a corpus-based measure of semantic word similarity and a normalized and modified version of the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) string matching algorithm. Existing methods for computing text similarity have focused mainly on either large documents or individual words. We focus on computing the similarity between two sentences or two short paragraphs. The proposed method can be exploited in a variety of applications involving textual knowledge representation and knowledge discovery. Evaluation results on two different data sets show that our method outperforms several competing methods.
Synchrophasor Recovery and Prediction: A Graph-Based Deep Learning Approach (2019)

Data integrity of power system states is critical to modern power grid operation and control due to communication latency, state measurements are not immediately available at the control center, rendering slow responses of time-sensitive applications. In this paper, a new graph-based deep learning approach is proposed to recover and predict the states ahead of time utilizing the power network topology and existing measurements. A graph-convolutional recurrent adversarial network is devised to process available information and extract graphical and temporal data correlations. This approach overcomes drawbacks of the existing synchrophasor recovery and prediction implementation to improve the overall system performance. Additionally, the approach offers an adaptive data processing method to handle power grids of various sizes. Case studies demonstrate the outstanding recovery and prediction accuracy of the proposed approach, and investigations are conducted to illustrate its robustness against bad communication conditions, measurement noise, and system topology changes.
Electrical, thermal, and photo properties of poly(phenylene vinylene) precursors: I. Laser‐induced elimination reactions in precursor polymer films (1993)

Abstract The elimination reaction of polyelectrolyte films of poly(phenylene vinylene) precursor polymers into the fully conjugated chain was induced by irradiation with an Ar + laser emitting at 514.5 nm. The experiments were conducted using as cast precursor polyelec‐trolyte films of both the unsubstituted poly(phenylene vinylene), H‐PPV, and its 2,5‐dimethoxyphenylene derivative, DMEO‐PPV. Precursor polymer films impregnated with an azosulfonic dye, which had a strong absorption at the laser emission wavelength, were also irradiated. The elimination reaction was followed by comparing the elemental analysis and the infrared and visibleultraviolet spectra of the irradiated and nonirradiated areas. With the unsubstituted PPV film no elimination was detected even at power fluence levels up to approximately 350 W/cm ‐2 , but elimination and conversion to the conjugated polymer could be observed at 10 W/cm ‐2 when the dye was present. For DMEO‐PPV the elimination reaction occurred with or without dye impregnation, and similar marking threshold values were measured in both cases. The molecular mechanism used to explain such observations and the possible application in the area of microelectronics are also discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Specification And Acceptance Test Procedures For Hologon Laser Scanner Systems (1987)

Raster laser scanner system performance requirements and related system parameters are briefly overviewed. Test procedures and equipment that have been developed and utilized to evaluate the performance of raster laser scanning systems are described. Performance data measured with these procedures and equipment are presented for a novel hologon laser beam deflector unit.
ANAEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE: DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ERYTHROCYTE AND SEROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN IRON DEFICIENT RHUEMATIOD ARTHRITIS PATEINTS (1990)

Erythrocyte and serological parameters were assessed in 44 anaemic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to detect iron deficiency as assessed by stainable bone marrow iron. The anaemia was normochromic normocytic in 60% and hypochromic normocytic in 30% of those with anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Iron deficiency was present in 55% and the anaemia was hypochromic microcytic in 54% and hypochromic normocytic or normochromic normocytic in 21%. Iron absorption was found to be higher in iron deficient patients. In ACD patients, iron absorption correlated inversely with ESR and CRP. For the detection of iron deficiency among RA patients with ACD, the MCV showed the highest specificity (90%) and predictive value (87%). Serum ferritin was the most sensitive (82%) and valid (86%) test. Combination of MCV, ferritin and transferrin resulted in 100% validity. It was concluded that iron deficiency can be detected accurately without bone marrow aspiration using combinations of blood parameters.
Functional Genetic Approach Identifies MET, HER3, IGF1R, INSR Pathways as Determinants of Lapatinib Unresponsiveness in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer (2014)

MET, HER3, IGF1R, and INSR pathways activation represent novel mechanism underlying lapatinib unresponsiveness in HER2+ gastric cancer. Combination strategy may be recommended in treating patients with HER2+ gastric cancer with these pathways activation.
A Case of Beare-Stevenson Syndrome with Unusual Manifestations (2016)

We suggest that a normal antenatal ultrasound scan and the absence of craniosynostosis at birth should not preclude further workup for BSS if this possibility is clinically suspected.
Application of “Systems Vaccinology” to Evaluate Inflammation and Reactogenicity of Adjuvanted Preventative Vaccines (2015)

Advances in "omics" technology (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, genomics/epigenomics, etc.) allied with statistical and bioinformatics tools are providing insights into basic mechanisms of vaccine and adjuvant efficacy or inflammation/reactogenicity. Predictive biomarkers of relatively frequent inflammatory reactogenicity may be identified in systems vaccinology studies involving tens or hundreds of participants and used to screen new vaccines and adjuvants in in vitro, ex vivo, animal, or human models. The identification of rare events (such as those observed with initial rotavirus vaccine or suspected autoimmune complications) will require interrogation of large data sets and population-based research before application of systems vaccinology. The Innovative Medicine Initiative funded public-private project BIOVACSAFE is an initial attempt to systematically identify biomarkers of relatively common inflammatory events after adjuvanted immunization using human, animal, and population-based models. Discriminatory profiles or biomarkers are being identified, which require validation in large trials involving thousands of participants before they can be generalized. Ultimately, it is to be hoped that the knowledge gained from such initiatives will provide tools to the industry, academia, and regulators to select optimal noninflammatory but immunogenic and effective vaccine adjuvant combinations, thereby shortening product development cycles and identifying unsuitable vaccine candidates that would fail in expensive late stage development or postmarketing.
Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide regulate intestinal homeostasis and mucosal immune responses to the enteric microbiota (2013)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its enzymatic by-product carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as important regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory effects are only partially understood. In this addendum, we summarize current understanding of the role of the HO-1/CO pathway in regulation of intestinal inflammation with a focus on innate immune function. In particular, we highlight our recent findings that HO-1 and CO ameliorate intestinal inflammation through promotion of bacterial clearance. Our work and that of many others support further investigation of this global homeostatic pathway in the human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
Building Damage due to Riverine and Coastal Floods (2009)

Floods in both riverine and coastal zones can cause significant damage to infrastructure, including possible structural failure of buildings. Methodologies commonly used to estimate flood damage to buildings are typically based on aftermath surveys and statistical analyses of insurance claims data. These methodologies rarely account for flooding hydrodynamics, and thus do not differentiate between the damage caused by floodwater contact and those caused by floodwater velocity. A new stochastic methodology has been developed to estimate the direct impact of flood actions on buildings and to determine the expected damage. Building vulnerability is modeled based on analytical representations of the failure mechanisms of individual building components. The flood actions generated during different flooding events are assessed and compared to the resistance of each building component. The assessed flood actions include: hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, waves, turbulent bores, debris impacts, and time-dependent local soil scour. Monte Carlo simulation was used to synthetically expand the available building data, to perform load-resistance analysis, and to account for the uncertainty of input parameters. The primary result from this study is the expected flood damage to individual buildings, and it is expressed as a three-dimensional functions dependent on both floodwater depth and floodwater velocity. The results show how floodwater velocity can increase the magnitude of the flood damage outcome compared to those that solely consider water depth. This demonstrates the real need for considering floodwater hydrodynamics in the vulnerability assessment of buildings located in flood prone areas. Although the present study focuses on the vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame buildings with infill concrete-block walls, the methodology can also be applied to other types of structures. This methodology could serve as a decision-making tool to assist engineers and emergency management agencies to identify zones of high risk, and to implement the necessary preventive measures and mitigation strategies to minimize the adverse impact of potential flooding events.
Critical steps in the molecular beam epitaxy of high quality Ag/Fe superlattices on (001) GaAs (1989)

It is shown that high quality Ag/Fe superlattices can be grown on (001) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy, provided that adequate intermediate layers are interposed between the GaAs substrate and the superlattice structure. In addition to the growth of a GaAs buffer layer, a sufficiently thick Fe nucleation layer is necessary for the further growth of a high quality Ag buffer layer showing clear reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations. This growth sequence ensures the obtention of single-crystal Ag/Fe superlattices with well-defined interfaces.