gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroepitaxial wurtzite and zinc-blende structure GaN grown by reactive-ion molecular-beam epitaxy: Growth kinetics, microstructure, and properties (1993)

Reactive-ion molecular-beam epitaxy has been used to grow epitaxial hexagonal-structure α-GaN on Al2O3(0001) and Al2O3(011̄2) substrates and metastable zinc-blende-structure β-GaN on MgO(001) under the following conditions: growth temperature Ts=450–800 °C; incident N+2/Ga flux ratio JN+2/JGa=1–5; and N+2 kinetic energy EN+2=35–90 eV. The surface structure of the α-GaN films was (1×1), with an ≊3% contraction in the in-plane lattice constant for films grown on Al2O3(0001), while the β-GaN films exhibited a 90°-rotated two-domain (4×1) reconstruction. Using a combination of in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, double-crystal x-ray diffraction, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, the film/substrate epitaxial relationships were determined to be: (0001)GaN∥ (0001)Al2O3 with [21̄1̄0]GaN∥[11̄00]Al2O3 and [11̄00]GaN∥[12̄10]Al2O3, (21̄1̄0)GaN∥(011̄2)Al2O3 with [0001]GaN∥[01̄11]Al2O3 and [01̄10]GaN∥[21̄1̄0]Al2O3, and (001)GaN∥(001)MgO with [001]GaN∥[001]MgO. Films with the lowest extended defect number densities (nd≂1010 cm−2 threading dislocations with Burgers vector a0/3&lt;112̄0≳) and the smallest x-ray-diffraction ω rocking curve widths (5 min) were obtained using Al2O3(0001) substrates, Ts≥650 °C, JN+2/JGa≥3.5, and EN+2=35 eV. Higher N+2 acceleration energies during deposition resulted in increased residual defect densities. In addition, EN+2 and JN+2/JGa were found to have a strong effect on film growth kinetics through a competition between collisionally induced dissociative chemisorption of N2 and stimulated desorption of Ga as described by a simple kinetic growth model. The room-temperature resistivity of as-deposited GaN films grown at Ts=600–700 °C with EN+2=35 eV increased by seven orders of magnitude, from 10−1 to 106 Ω cm, with an increase in JN+2/JGa from 1.7 to 5.0. Hall measurements on the more conductive samples yielded typical electron carrier concentrations of 2×1018 cm−3 with mobilities of 30–40 cm2 V−1 s−1. The room-temperature optical band gaps of α-GaN and β-GaN were 3.41 and 3.21 eV, respectively.
Patterns and kinetics of neurite extension from sympathetic neurons in culture are age dependent (1982)

Long term (2- to 3-week) cultures of superior cervical ganglia (SCG) were established from rats and rat embryos ranging in age from 15 days of gestation (E15) to 279 days postnatal (P279). Cultures were grown on a collagen substratum and fed a serum-containing medium with added nerve growth factor. Radial outgrowth of neurites was measured as a function of time for up to 2 to 3 weeks. Computer-aided analysis generated estimates of onset time, initial rate, and subsequent changes in the rate of growth of these neurites. The explants from perinatal rats showed the fastest growth onset time (5 to 13 hr), fastest initial rate of growth (370 to 660 microns/d), and a decline in growth rate during the first 2 weeks in culture. The outgrowth from these perinatal explants was composed of many small fascicles. Neurites from the prenatal explants (E15 to E20) began to grow within 22 hr in vitro. Their rate of growth was lower initially (150 to 300 microns/d) but increased to equal the perinatal explant initial rate before again falling to an intermediate level (200 to 300 microns/d). The outgrowth from prenatal explants contained fewer larger fascicles. Postnatal explants had low initial rates of growth (70 to 176 microns/d) but exhibited an increasing growth rate in vitro, again approaching an intermediate rate of 200 to 250 microns/d after 2 to 3 weeks. Neurite outgrowth from the postnatal explants was delayed by an amount roughly correlated with the age of the animal advancing postnatal age but reached an asymptote of about 50 to 150 microns/d at about P30. The outgrowth was initially sparse but became denser with time in culture. Thus, in a culture system in which medium composition and growth substratum are held constant, marked differences can be observed in pattern, latency, initial rate, and subsequent changes in rate of neurite extension among SCG explants from different ages of rats and rat embryos.
Gene regulatory networks inference using a multi-GPU exhaustive search algorithm (2013)

In this work, we present a proof of principle, showing that it is possible to parallelize the exhaustive search algorithm in GPUs with encouraging results. Although our focus in this paper is on the GRN inference problem, the exhaustive search technique based on GPU developed here can be applied (with minor adaptations) to other combinatorial problems.
PRESENCE OF BACTERIAL FLORA-DERIVED ANTIGEN IN SYNOVIAL TISSUE MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS (1995)

In previous studies using and animal model human bacterial flora-derived peptidoglycan Polysaccharides were shown to be arthropathic after a single subcutaneous injection. A prerequisite for proof of the hypothesis that bacterial products from the normal resident flora are involved in the immune reaction of human chronic polyarthritis of unknown aetiology is the presence of these antigens in synovial tissue. 2E9, a monoclonal antibody we developed against intestinal peptidoglycan polysaccharides was used in a histochemical study in rats and stained macrophages in the spleen red pulp. In this study human synovial tissues from 10 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 non-RA patients were stained with 2E9. We found that eight out of 10 RA patients had 2E9-positive macrophages and dendritic cells in their synovia. A significant difference was observed with the control group in which seven out of 20 were positive. No positive cells or staining of the matrix was found in the cartilage of six RA patients. These results show that exogenous bacterial antigens are present in synovial tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. It was concluded that the unknown antigen in the immune reaction in RA is not necessarily endogenous.
Heterotopic Ossification in High-Energy Wartime Extremity Injuries: Prevalence and Risk Factors (2009)

The prevalence of heterotopic ossification in war-wounded patients is higher than that in civilian trauma. Although trends associated with local wound conditions were identified, the risk factors for the development of heterotopic ossification found in this study suggest that systemic causes predominate.
A haplotype relative risk study of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III repeat polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (2000)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental syndrome expressed along three domains: inattention, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined type. Several investigations have recently examined the role of the dopamine DRD4 exon III repeat polymorphism in ADHD. The long 7 repeat allele of this receptor was shown in three family-based studies, but not in one case control design, to be a risk factor for this disorder. We now report an additional family-based study of DRD4 exon III repeat region and ADHD. However, in the current study we fail to observe preferential transmission of the DRD4 exon III long 7 repeat allele, chi(2) = 0. 142, P < 0.1, df = 1. Nor was any preferential transmission observed when genotypes were compared, chi(2) = 0.180, P > 0.1, df = 1. Possible reasons are discussed, especially lack of sufficient power in analying more refined phenotypes, why the current results in contrast to previous findings fail to support a role for the long form of the DRD4 receptor as a putative risk factor for ADHD.
Augmented and Mixed Reality as a tool for evaluation of Vehicle Active Safety Systems (2013)

Even though the realism of driving simulators increases constantly, there is a potential issue with how representative the test is compared to a real life scenario. An alternative to simulators is to present a mixture of real and simulated environment to the driver and perform the scenario at a test track when driving a real vehicle. This enables an efficient way of testing that inherits many of the advantages of driving simulators as well as some of the advantages of physical testing in prototype vehicles. The present paper is a compilation of previous research in augmented reality in vehicle driving situations, focusing on technical limitations of Head-Mounted-Displays.
Mechanisms of Dipeptide Uptake by Rat Small Intestine <i>in Vitro</i> (1971)

1. The uptake of l-methionine and glycine as free amino acids, and from their dipeptides by everted rings of rat small intestine in vitro has been investigated. The concentrations used covered a wide range, including values likely to be near those found in the lumen of the intestine. 2. Though no intact peptides were found in the mucosal cells, evidence was obtained which showed that hydrolysis of the peptides was cellular at all concentrations. Total hydrolysis of peptides by the intestine was very great in relation to amino acid uptake over very short incubation times, suggesting that much hydrolysis took place superficially. 3. Except at the lowest concentrations, the rates of uptake of amino acids from the peptides were more rapid than from the equivalent amino acid mixtures. Competition for uptake between glycine and methionine was avoided when they were presented in the form of l-methionylglycine. 4. Anoxia inhibited uptake of methionine from free l-methionine and from l-methionyl-l-methionine. It also inhibited hydrolysis of l-methionyl-l-methionine by intact intestine, but not by intestinal homogenates, suggesting that peptide uptake may be energy-dependent. The l-amino acid oxidase of snake venom, which destroys l-methionine but has no effect on glycine or on the peptides studied, inhibited methionine uptake from peptides when present at high concentrations, suggesting that a major site of hydrolysis is enzyme-accessible. 5. It is suggested that there may be two modes of uptake of amino acids from oligopeptides: (1) surface hydrolysis by mechanisms closely linked to the amino acid entry mechanisms, and (2) peptide entry into the mucosal cells by a special mechanism, followed by intracellular hydrolysis.
Sparsity-Exploiting Anchor Placement For Localization In Sensor Networks (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
The effect of icepack cooling on skin and muscle temperature at rest and after exercise (2009)

Objective. To compare cooling of skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle, produced by an icepack, at rest and after short-duration exhaustive exercise. Methods. Eight male subjects were studied. With the subject supine, hypodermic needle-tip thermistors were inserted into the subcutaneous fat and the mid-portion of the left rectus femoris, to a depth of 1 cm plus the adipose thickness at the site, and a temperature probe was placed on the skin overlying the needle tips. A pack of crushed ice was applied for 15 minutes and temperatures were recorded before, during, and for 45 minutes after icepack application. Thereafter, subjects underwent a ramped, treadmill, VO2max test, an icepack was applied after temperature probes were inserted into the right leg and measurements were made as before. Results. After the treadmill run, skin (Sk), subcutaneous (SC) and muscle (Ms) temperatures (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were 0.9 ± 1.3, 1.0 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.8°C higher than at rest. After 15 minutes of icepack cooling, temperatures fell in the exercised limb by 22.7 ± 1.5°C (Sk), 13.5 ± 4.2°C (SC) and 9.3 ± 5.5°C (Ms) and in the control limb by 20.7 ± 2.9°C (Sk), 11.4 ± 2.0°C (SC) and 8.7 ± 2.6°C (Ms). The reductions in temperature were significant in both the control and exercised limbs. Forty-five minutes after icepack cooling, muscle temperature was still approximately 5°C lower in both the rested and exercised muscle (p < 0.001). Individual variations in response to cooling were noted. Conclusions. Cooling of superficial muscle occurs after high-intensity exercise. The degree of cooling is not uniform. This may be due to differences in the sympathetic response to cooling, influencing haemodynamic and thermoregulatory changes after exercise. This needs further investigation. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 60-66
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric disorders: findings from an epidemiologic study of young adults (1992)

While the long-term clinical significance of nicotine withdrawal is unclear, the evidence indicates that in the general population, abstinence from smoking is associated with a variety of disturbances, including a craving for cigarettes, dysphoria, and symptoms of irritability or nervousness. In this study disturbances were more severe in persons with histories of major depression or anxiety disorders.
The p250GAP Gene Is Associated with Risk for Schizophrenia and Schizotypal Personality Traits (2012)

These results suggest that a genetic variation in the p250GAP gene might increase susceptibility not only for schizophrenia but also for schizotypal personality traits. We concluded that the p250GAP gene might be a new candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia.
Early Years Action and Action Plus (2003)

The revised Code of Practice states that settings should adopt a graduated approach to providing specific help for individual children.
Antagonistic activities of the immunomodulator and PP2A-activating drug FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya) in Jak2-driven hematologic malignancies (2013)

FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya) is a sphingosine analog used as an immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis patients. FTY720 is also a potent protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-activating drug (PAD). PP2A is a tumor suppressor found inactivated in different types of cancer. We show here that PP2A is inactive in polycythemia vera (PV) and other myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by the expression of the transforming Jak2(V617F) oncogene. PP2A inactivation occurs in a Jak2(V617F) dose/kinase-dependent manner through the PI-3Kγ-PKC-induced phosphorylation of the PP2A inhibitor SET. Genetic or PAD-mediated PP2A reactivation induces Jak2(V617F) inactivation/downregulation and impairs clonogenic potential of Jak2(V617F) cell lines and PV but not normal CD34(+) progenitors. Likewise, FTY720 decreases leukemic allelic burden, reduces splenomegaly, and significantly increases survival of Jak2(V617F) leukemic mice without adverse effects. Mechanistically, we show that in Jak2(V617F) cells, FTY720 antileukemic activity requires neither FTY720 phosphorylation (FTY720-P) nor SET dimerization or ceramide induction but depends on interaction with SET K209. Moreover, we show that Jak2(V617F) also utilizes an alternative sphingosine kinase-1-mediated pathway to inhibit PP2A and that FTY720-P, acting as a sphingosine-1-phosphate-receptor-1 agonist, elicits signals leading to the Jak2-PI-3Kγ-PKC-SET-mediated PP2A inhibition. Thus, PADs (eg, FTY720) represent suitable therapeutic alternatives for Jak2(V617F) MPNs.
A Proposed Model for Traffic Signal Preemption Using Global Positioning System (GPS) (2013)

A Traffic Signal Preemption system is an automated system that allows normal operation of traffic lights at automated signalized intersections to be preempted. Preemption of signals is generally done to assist emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, so that response times are reduced and right-of-way is provided in a smooth and controlled manner. This paper proposes an innovative and cost-effective server-centric model to facilitate preemption using a simple mobile phone app which uses Global Positioning System (GPS) and a microcontroller which controls traffic signals.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Cyanide (1986)

Abstract The dependence of the alkylation products, e.g. (IV) :(V) [‐ (VI)], on several factors has been determined with 1‐cyano‐3‐aryl‐1‐(trimethylsilyloxy)allylic anions, e.g. (III), which in turn are generated from precursors such as ‐ (I).
Energy-Efficient Caching Strategy Using Probability-based Data Request for Mobile Environments (2005)

In mobile environments, where data is broadcasted, the caching of frequently accessed data in the battery-powered mobile terminals is a very attractive technique in terms of the energy and bandwidth efficiency. The invalidation report (IR) based caching strategy is one of the popular caching strategies by its scalability. In the IR-based caching strategy, the data consistency is maintained by using the IR which has the information of updated data. In this paper, we approach the IR-based caching strategy in view of the energy efficiency and propose the energy-efficient caching strategy. With the proposed caching strategy, redundant data request messages for the identical data decrease significantly. Simulation results show that the proposed caching strategy has a great effect on the conservation of the battery capacity of mobile terminals and the uplink bandwidth compared with the conventional IR-based caching strategy.
Real time vision‐based hand gesture estimation for a human‐computer interface (1997)

In this paper we discuss a technique for real-time hand gesture estimation by user interfaces. First, an image processing algorithm for hand gesture estimation is formulated assuming the hand to be a non-rigid body. A method is then proposed for real-time hand gesture estimation using pipelined parallel processing in real-time. With the proposed method, erroneous finger extraction is eliminated using global hand features to ensure stable gesture recognition. The influence exerted by occlusions on hand gesture estimation is examined and it is shown that this influence can be eliminated by an appropriate arrangement of multiple cameras. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by building a user interface environment incorporating a prototype setup. In so doing, it is made clear that an acceptable interface environment may be implemented even without complete solution of problems related to occlusions or hand orientation. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 28(7): 76–88, 1997
Image-based 3D scanning system using opacity hulls (2003)

We have built a system for acquiring and rendering high quality graphical models of objects that are typically difficult to scan with traditional 3D scanners. Our system employs an image-based representation and can handle fuzzy materials such as fur and feathers, and refractive materials like glass. The hardware setup of the system include two turntables, two plasmas displays, a fixed array of cameras and a rotating array of directional lights. Many viewpoints can be simulated by rotating the turntables. By an automatic process, we acquire opacity mattes using multi-background techniques. We introduce a new geometric representation based on the opacity mattes, called the opacity hull. It is an extension of the visual hull with view-dependent opacity, and it significantly improves the visual quality of the geometry and allows seamless blending of objects into new environments. Appearance models based on the surface reflectance fields are also captured by a hybrid sampling of the illumination environment. The opacity hull, coupled with the reflectance data, can then be used to render the object in novel lighting environments from arbitrary viewpoints photorealistically. This system is the first to acquire and render surface reflectance fields under arbitrary illumination from arbitrary viewpoints.
Bence Jones proteins: a powerful tool for the fundamental study of protein chemistry and pathophysiology (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBence Jones proteins: a powerful tool for the fundamental study of protein chemistry and pathophysiologyFred J. Stevens, A. Solomon, and M. SchifferCite this: Biochemistry 1991, 30, 28, 6803–6805Publication Date (Print):July 16, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00242a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00242a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
WATER ACTIVITY INFLUENCE ON THE SAFE AGING PERIOD OF CONDENSED MILK (2010)

The majority of chemical and biological processes causing the change of nutrients and finally their spoilage are dependent on water. Microbiological growth is directly related to water activity. Water activity (aw) was introduced by an Australian microbiologist W.J. Scott in 1952. He defined this concept as a “fundamental property of water solutions” and i.e. a ratio between pure water (p0) and steam pressure solution (p). The water activity of the unsweetened condensed milk packed into canister remains unchanged during the storage period (aw.= 0,902). The water activity in the sweetened condensed milk slightly increases after 18 months (aw.= 0,784, after 18 months aw = 0,787). Though water activity does not actually change the storage of such a product and does not create a possibility for the growth of microorganisms. However, milk is a system of array compounds and a limitless storage of such a product is impossible. It is determined that the allowed storage period of 12 months is justified as after this period a major part of milk changes become accelerated
Design of High-Speed Serial Links in CMOS (1998)

Demand for bandwidth in serial links has been increasing as the communications industry demand higher quantity and quality of information. Whereas traditional gigabit per second links has been in bipolar or GaAs, this research aims to push the use of CMOS process technology in such links. Intrinsic gate speed limitations are overcome by parallelizing the data. The on-chip frequency is maintained at a fraction (1/16) of the offchip data rate. Clocks with carefully controlled phases tapped from a local ring oscillator are driven to a bank of input samplers to convert the serial bit stream into parallel data. Similarly, the overlap of multiple-phased clocks are used to synchronize the multiplexing of the parallel data onto the transmission line. To perform clock/data recovery, data is further oversampled with finer phase separation and passed to digital logic. The digital logic operates upon the samples to detect transitions in the bit stream to track the bit boundaries. This tracking can operate at the cycle rate of the digital logic allowing robustness to systematic phase noise. The challenge lies in the capturing of the high frequency data stream and generating low jitter, accurately spaced clock edges. A test chip is built demonstrating the transmission and recovery of a 4.0-Gb/s bit streams with &lt; 10 bit-error rate using a 3x oversampled system in a 0.5-m MOSIS CMOS process.