gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VLSI- A to D and D to A converters with multi-stage noise shaping modulators (2005)

High resolution oversampling analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters are proposed. These converters utilize novel multi-stage noise shaping modulation techniques which can be implemented with fine pattern MOS technology. The modulators consist of multi-connected delta sigma modulation loops with single integration. The quantization noise in the first loop is re-quantized by the second loop. That is, the noise is canceled by adding the second loop output signals to the first loop output. The resolution of the modulators increases in proportion to the number of stages and there are no feedback-loop stability problems. An experimental prototype chip is fabricated using 1.5µm CMOS technology. This chip achieves a wide dynamic range of 88dB at a baseband of 3.4KHz and sampling rate of 2.048MHz. This dynamic range corresponds to a 14-bit equivalent resolution.
Analytic Rasterization of Curves with Polynomial Filters (2013)

Abstract We present a method of analytically rasterizing shapes that have curved boundaries and linear color gradients using piecewise polynomial prefilters. By transforming the convolution of filters with the image from an integral over area into a boundary integral, we find closed‐form expressions for rasterizing shapes. We show that a polynomial expression can be used to rasterize any combination of polynomial curves and filters. Our rasterizer also handles rational quadratic boundaries, which allows us to evaluate circles and ellipses. We apply our technique to rasterizing vector graphics and show that our derivation gives an efficient implementation as a scanline rasterizer.
13‐HPODE and 13‐HODE modulate cytokine‐induced expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules differently (1999)

Expression of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) at endothelial surfaces represents a physiological response to vascular damage and mediates the initiation of inflammation and possibly of atherogenesis. The cytokines TNF alpha and IL-1 are potent inducers of CAMs in endothelial cells. Reactive oxygen species comprising lipid oxidation products have been implicated in the signaling pathways of both TNF alpha and IL-1 and accordingly could modulate atherogenic events. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of the lipoxygenase product, 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE), which has also been identified in oxidized low density lipoproteins on CAM expression in HUVEC. 13-HPODE induced the expression of ICAM-1 in a concentration dependent manner up to 75 microM. Higher concentrations were toxic. Similar effects were observed with H2O2 and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide. VCAM-1 and E-selectin were not induced by 13-HPODE. 13-HPODE administered simultaneously with IL-1 or TNF alpha induced ICAM-1 additively, suggesting that hydroperoxides and cytokines act on the same signaling pathways. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with 50 microM 13-HPODE for 1 hour rather inhibited subsequent cytokine-induced ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. Surprisingly, the reduction product of 13-HPODE, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) proved to be an even better inducer of ICAM-1 than 13-HPODE. Pretreatment with 13-HODE did not show any inhibitory effect on ICAM-1 expression. Our data show that lipoxygenase products differentially affect CAM expression. 13-HPODE is stimulatory by itself and can positively or negatively affect cytokine signaling depending on time of exposure. 13-HODE induces CAM expression by itself but does not inhibit cytokine signaling. Thus, the interplay of lipoxygenase products with proinflammatory cytokines can not simply be explained by an oxidant-mediated facilitation of cytokine signaling.
Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties of graphene-based sponges fabricated using a facile dip coating method (2012)

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic graphene-based sponges are demonstrated as efficient absorbents for a broad range of oils and organic solvents with high selectivity, good recyclability, and excellent absorption capacities up to 165 times their own weight. The findings show promise for large-scale removal of organic contaminants, especially in the field of oil spillage cleanup.
Magnesium Bromide Catalysed Acylation of Alcohols (2000)

Abstract Magnesium bromide is an efficient catalyst for the acetylation and benzoylation of a variety of primary and secondary alcohols with the respective acid anhydrides at ambient temperature. Acetylation of tertiary alcohols requires subambient temperature to suppress competing dehydration. Coordinating solvents retard the acylation process.
PHM Sensor Implementation in the Real World - a Status Report (2006)

A growing field such as diagnostics involves moving technology from cutting-edge to commonplace. In an aircraft environment, the issues of cost, weight, and safety put severe constraints on implementation while demanding increased value. Prognostics and health management (PHM) sensors that monitor systemic rather than localized conditions often show the most value by covering a greater number of components for a given weight. By the same token, such sensors often cross physical, organizational, and in some cases, corporate boundaries, which complicates the already thorny integration issues presented by aircraft packaging. Today the model for aircraft PHM is the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program, which offers operational cost and safety benefits well beyond currently employed strategies. This is achieved in part by fielding technologies that have not been in a production flight environment before. By examining the challenges to real-world implementation, it is possible to better understand the problems that inevitably crop up. This can lead to the anticipation and mitigation of risks, which controls cost and increases the probability of the PHM system's success. For JSF PHM, a suite of engine sub-system sensors has been identified, which includes gas path debris monitoring. Gas path debris monitoring is indeed a holistic system; a turbine engine is foremost a way to move air, and monitoring the in- and outflows of the working fluid tells a lot about the inner workings of the engine. Gas path debris monitoring for JSF comprises the ingested debris monitoring system (IDMS), which monitors debris ingested into the engine intake and the exhaust debris monitoring system (EDMS), which monitors debris produced by gas path component faults and also the effects of ingested debris (if present). Both sensors present significant integration challenges. The IDMS is an engine sensor mounted in the inlet duct of the airframe, and the inlet duct is an integral part of the sensor. The EDMS is mounted in the tail section with significant thermal and durability concerns. This paper examines some of the considerations with implementing a PHM sensor system in the real-world environment of an aircraft program just short of first flight. The I/EDMS serve as a case study to highlight these issues
Special Edition Using Microsoft Exchange Server 2000 (2000)

From the Publisher:
Special Edition Using Microsoft Exchange Server 2000 emphasizes integrating Exchange with the Internet, as well as extending its functionality into the area of collaboration. The authoring team from Software Spectrum provides both the theory and the best practices when working with Exchange. Specifically, Kent Joshi, a Managing Consultant draws upon his 13 years of corporate experience including his work at Microsoft, IBM, and his own company to cut through the hype and get down to nuts and bolts. In addition, this edition features additional coverage of undocumented features, workarounds, and practical (and unapologetic) advice for avoiding features that don't work well.
Digital Adaptive-Element Building Blocks for MOS Large-Scale Integration (1969)

Large-scale integration of adaptive-element building blocks, in a small number of monolithic silicon structures, leads to a degree of freedom and versatility in organizing computing structures that has never before existed. The definition of the function of an adaptive-separation computer is examined, block diagrammed, and repetitive computations are defined. These are then partitioned to define building blocks to be fabricated by large-scale integration (LSI) of arrays of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) into two basic structures, a serial/parallel multiplier chip and a special-purpose shift register chip. Consideration must be given to the problems of compatibility between these chips and the remainder of the adaptive computer.
Intelligent Software Decoys: Presented at the Eiffel Summit (2001)

Presentation at TOOLS 2001 Eiffel Summit, Santa Barbara, California, July 31, 2001
Stability and robust regulation of battery driven boost converter with simple feedback (2011)

This paper investigates the problem of regulating the output voltage of a battery driven boost converter where the load is uncertain or changes within a certain range. By using the state-space averaging method, the open-loop system for regulating the output voltage is described as a 6th order differential equation with a bilinear term and input constraints. A simple saturated state feedback is designed by solving some optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints. The optimized controller is very close to an integrator feedback. Using the newly developed Lyapunov method, we analyze the stability and regulation of the closed-loop bilinear system. Computation shows that both the optimized state feedback and the integrator feedback can achieve practically global regulation in the presence of uncertain load and uncertain battery voltage. The results are validated by experimental systems.
Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope Dead Band Suppression (2008)

The dead band at small rotation rate in the closed-loop interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) is eliminated. The feedback-voltage dependent error causing the dead band is suppressed by applying a randomized voltage step to the phase modulator. A theoretical model is developed to analyze the error in comparison with the measured dead band. The experimental results with the suppression scheme implemented show no evidence of dead band at the rate of 0.001 deg/h.
An evaluation of the relationship between mood and binge eating in the natural environment using ecological momentary assessment (2002)

This study provides evidence that the affective experience of binge eating, when assessed in the natural environment, is negative. Furthermore, there was no evidence that binge eating was a response to an immediate or transient negative mood state or that binge eating provided relief from negative mood.
Requirements traceability in automated test generation (2005)

Automated test case and test driver generation from a formal model is becoming a more widely used practice in the smart card area. This innovative approach for validation testing makes it possible to ensure the functional coverage of the test suite and to automate the production of executable test scripts. This paper presents an approach to automatically produce the Traceability Matrix from requirements to test cases, as part of the test generation process. This approach is embedded in the LEIRIOS Test Generator (LTG) tool, and has been used for several real-life applications in the smart card industry. This paper introduces the approach to annotating the formal model and using it to generate the Traceability Matrix. It also discusses some lessons learnt from our experience using Model-Based Testing for smart card software validation.
Effect of lamotrigine on cognition in children with epilepsy (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Colour is a defining feature of many objects, playing a crucial role in our ability to rapidly recognise things in the world around us and make categorical distinctions. For example, colour is a vital cue when distinguishing lemons from limes or blackberries from raspberries. That means our representation of many objects includes key colour-related information. The question addressed here is whether the neural representation activated by <i>knowing</i> that something is red is the same as that activated when we <i>actually see</i> something red, particularly in regard to timing. We addressed this question using neural timeseries (magnetoencephalography, MEG) data to contrast real colour perception and implied object colour activation. We applied multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to focus, in particular, on the temporal dynamics of these processes. Male and female human participants (N=18) viewed isoluminant red and green shapes and grey-scale, luminance-matched pictures of fruits and vegetables that are red (e.g., tomato) or green (e.g., kiwifruit) in nature. We show that the brain activation pattern evoked by real colour perception is similar to implied colour activation, but that this pattern is instantiated at a later time. Similarly, participants were faster at categorising the colour of an abstract shape than they were at categorising the typical colour of grey-scale objects. Together, these results demonstrate that a common colour representation can be triggered by activating object representations from memory and perceiving colours. We show here that the key difference between these processes lies in the time it takes to access the common colour representation. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Colour is a defining feature of objects and is vital to rapidly recognise and categorise things in our environment. In the current study, we recorded neural data to contrast the <i>timecourse</i> of colour representations when evoked by colour perception versus object-colour activation. We found that the neural representation for coloured shapes is similar to that of grey-scale images of objects that are associated with a colour (e.g., red for a tomato). However, the common colour representation is activated later when accessed via object-colour knowledge in comparison to colour perception, consistent with the idea that they are evoked when the object representation is accessed. These results highlight the critical role of perceptual features such as colour in conceptual object representations.
Two Challenges of Stealthy Hypervisors Detection: Time Cheating and Data Fluctuations (2015)

Hardware virtualization technologies play a significant role in cyber security. On the one hand these technologies enhance security levels, by designing a trusted operating system. On the other hand these technologies can be taken up into modern malware which is rather hard to detect. None of the existing methods is able to efficiently detect a hypervisor in the face of countermeasures such as time cheating, temporary self uninstalling, memory hiding etc. New hypervisor detection methods which will be described in this paper can detect a hypervisor under these countermeasures and even count several nested ones. These novel approaches rely on the new statistical analysis of time discrepancies by examination of a set of instructions, which are unconditionally intercepted by a hypervisor. Reliability was achieved through the comprehensive analysis of the collected data despite its fluctuation. These offered methods were comprehensively assessed in both Intel and AMD CPUs.
The nonredundant roles of two 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferases in vital processes of <i>Mycobacteria</i> (2006)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains >20 enzymes that require activation by transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety of CoA onto a conserved serine residue, a posttranslational modification catalyzed by 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases). The modified proteins are involved in key metabolic processes such as cell envelope biogenesis and the production of virulence factors. We show that two PPTases conserved in all Mycobacterium spp. and in related genera activate two different subsets of proteins and are not functionally redundant. One enzyme, AcpS, activates the two fatty acid synthase systems of mycobacteria, whereas the other PPTase, PptT, acts on type-I polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthases, both of which are involved in the biosynthesis of virulence factors. We demonstrate that both PPTases are essential for Mycobacterium smegmatis viability and that PptT is required for the survival of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. These enzymes are thus central to the biology of mycobacteria and for mycobacterial pathogenesis and represent promising targets for new antituberculosis drugs.
Effect of non-β-lactam antibiotics on penicillin-binding protein synthesis of <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> ATCC 9790 (1991)

Fosfomycin, bacitracin and vancomycin in combination with penicillin exhibit a synergic effect against Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790. This strain, when incubated in presence of the MIC of non-beta-lactam antibiotics, showed an alternated pattern of PBPs. Bacitracin and vancomycin caused a decrease in the density of all PBPs while fosfomycin only reduced that of PBP 6. It is suggested that the observed synergy is a consequence of the inhibition of PBP synthesis by antibiotics which act on the early stages of peptidoglycan synthesis prior to the formation of cross-links.
Expression of Integrins in Cerebral Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations (2005)

Current scientific understanding of the roles integrins play in angiogenesis is far from complete. The levels and patterns of expression for these molecules in the histological layers of the vascular walls of AVMs and CCMs provide some clues about the complex biological activities of integrins in these lesions. If one accepts the premise that immunohistochemistry has its inherent methodological problems, integrins alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5 are expressed in AVMs and CCMs in different ways that may be linked to stages of angiogenic maturation. Integrin alphavbeta1 is expressed more strongly in endothelium and subendothelium/media of AVMs than in the corresponding layers of CCMs. Integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 are expressed more strongly in CCM endothelium than in AVM endothelium. In addition, integrin alphavbeta5 staining was stronger in CCM subendothelium than AVM subendothelium/media.
Association of Cerebral Emboli With Accelerated Cognitive Deterioration in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia (2011)

Spontaneous cerebral emboli predict more rapid progression of dementia over 2 years in both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Clinical trials on the inhibition of cerebral emboli in the prevention and treatment of dementia are needed.
Determination of Erythromycin Thiocyanate and Its Related Substances by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (2007)

OBJECTIVE To develop a method for the determination of erythromycin thiocyanate and its related substances by RP-HPLC,and investigate the influence factors on chromatographic parameters.METHODS Two high pH stability columns based on silica gel were used respectively(Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 column for content determination;and Waters XTerra@ RP18 column for related substances analysis).The mobile phase consisted of water-0.01 mol·L-1 dibasic sodium phosphate buffer solution(the pH value was adjusted to 10.3 by sodium hydroxide TS)-acetonitrile(18∶35∶47 for content determination and 25∶35∶40 for related substances analysis).Both of the two columns were maintained at a constant temperature of about 50 ℃.The flow rate was 1.0 mL per minute.The UV detection wavelength was set at 210 nm.RESULTS The composition of mobile phase showed the greatest influence on retention and selectivity.Erythromycin thiocyanate was relatively stable in mobile phase.The major component,erythromycin A and its related substances were separated and assayed by chromatography.Content determination and related substances analysis all showed the good reproducibility(n=9) of this method.The LOD was 10～15 mg·L-1 and the LOQ was 60.1 mg·L-1.CONCLUSION This method can be used to analyze erythromycin thiocyanate content and its related substances in order to improve the quality control level for product of erythromycin thiocyanate substance.
Harvest practices: Sevillano olive growers may affect yields and returns by management (1953)

Careful timing of the picking of Sevillano olives—and prompt handling after picking—may increase returns to growers by amounts greater than the harvesting costs.
Loss of neurofibromatosis 1 (<i>NF1</i>) gene expression in NF1‐associated pilocytic astrocytomas (2000)

The critical role of the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene as a tumour suppressor has been clearly demonstrated for malignancies arising in NF1 patients. However, little is known about the more common benign tumours, such as the pilocytic astrocytoma. Most NF1-associated astrocytomas are benign and clinically non-progressive, though aggressive tumours are occasionally encountered. In this study, eight pilocytic astrocytomas from six individuals affected with NF1 were analysed for NF1 expression. All eight tumours demonstrated loss of neurofibromin expression by immunohistochemistry, which was confirmed in one case using Western blot analysis. Microsatellite analysis showed loss of a single NF1 allele (LOH) in two of four NF1-associated tumours. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to sporadic astrocytomas, loss of NF1 expression is an important primary genetic event in the pathogenesis of NF1-associated pilocytic astrocytomas.
Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on the development of the stem cell properties of human dental pulp cells (2009)

We isolated adherent fibroblastic cells after collagenase and dispase treatment of human dental pulp. When human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were cultured in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the ratio of hDPCs in the S-phase was significantly higher in comparison with incubation without bFGF. The ratio of hDPCs expressing STRO-1 as a marker of stem cell populations increased approximately eightfold in the presence of bFGF as opposed to that in the absence of bFGF. We demonstrated the characterization and distinctiveness of the hDPCs and showed that, when cultured with the medium containing serum and bFGF, they were highly proliferative and capable of differentiating in vitro into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Furthermore, the in vitro differentiation was confirmed at both the protein and gene expression levels. Transplantation of hDPCs -- expanded ex vivo in the presence of bFGF into immunocompromised mice -- revealed the formation of bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. The donor hDPC-derived cells were labeled in the bone tissues located near the PLGA in the subcutaneous tissues of recipient mice using a human-specific Alu probe. When cultured with a serum-free medium containing bFGF, the hDPCs strongly expressed STRO-1 immunoreactive products and sustained self-renewal, and thus were almost identical in differentiation potential and proliferation activity to hDPCs cultured with the medium containing serum and bFGF. The present results suggest that the hDPCs cultured in the presence of bFGF irrespective of the presence or absence of the bovine serum are rich in mesenchymal stem cells or progenitor cells and useful for cell-based therapies to treat dental diseases.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (+)-Swainsonine and (-)-8,8a-Di-epi-swainsonine (1995)

(+)-Swainsonine 2 and (-)-8,8a-di-epi-swainsonine 3 were stereoselectively synthesized from L-glutamic acid via a highly diastereoselective intramolecular conjugate addition of amide 20 and carbamate 8, respectively. Another key step is a stereoselective osmium-catalyzed dihydroxylation of indolizidine double bond.