gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's utilizing proton-implanted buried layers and highly doped base layers (1987)

Fabrication of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) using a proton-implanted external collector layer and a highly doped base layer is presented. Influence of the proton implantation on base-collector junction characteristics is systematically investigated. At the optimized implantation condition, a buried semi-insulating layer beneath the external base is formed without deteriorating the junction current-voltage characteristics. In a fabricated HBT with 2 µm × 10 µm emitter size, a cutoff frequency f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> of 50 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> of 70 GHz have been achieved.
Chemical gating of epitaxial graphene through ultrathin oxide layers (2015)

We achieved a controllable chemical gating of epitaxial graphene grown on metal substrates by exploiting the electrostatic polarization of ultrathin SiO2 layers synthesized below it. Intercalated oxygen diffusing through the SiO2 layer modifies the metal-oxide work function and hole dopes graphene. The graphene/oxide/metal heterostructure behaves as a gated plane capacitor with the in situ grown SiO2 layer acting as a homogeneous dielectric spacer, whose high capacity allows the Fermi level of graphene to be shifted by a few hundreds of meV when the oxygen coverage at the metal substrate is of the order of 0.5 monolayers. The hole doping can be finely tuned by controlling the amount of interfacial oxygen, as well as by adjusting the thickness of the oxide layer. After complete thermal desorption of oxygen the intrinsic doping of SiO2 supported graphene is evaluated in the absence of contaminants and adventitious adsorbates. The demonstration that the charge state of graphene can be changed by chemically modifying the buried oxide/metal interface hints at the possibility of tuning the level and sign of doping by the use of other intercalants capable of diffusing through the ultrathin porous dielectric and reach the interface with the metal.
Molecular Sieving of Ethane from Ethylene through the Molecular Cross‐Section Size Differentiation in Gallate‐based Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

Abstract Purification of C 2 H 4 from an C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 mixture, one of the most important while challenging industrial separation processes, is mainly through energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation. Now a family of gallate‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) materials is presented, M‐gallate (M=Ni, Mg, Co), featuring 3D interconnected zigzag channels, the aperture sizes of which (3.47–3.69 Å) are ideally suitable for molecular sieving of ethylene (3.28×4.18×4.84 Å 3 ) and ethane (3.81×4.08×4.82 Å 3 ) through molecular cross‐section size differentiation. Co‐gallate shows an unprecedented IAST selectivity of 52 for C 2 H 4 over C 2 H 6 with a C 2 H 4 uptake of 3.37 mmol g −1 at 298 K and 1 bar, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art MOF material NOTT‐300. Direct breakthrough experiments with equimolar C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 mixtures confirmed that M‐gallate is highly selective for ethylene. The adsorption structure and mechanism of ethylene in the M‐gallate was further studied through neutron diffraction experiments.
Feasibility of hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification in bidirectional optical transmission (2002)

The feasibility of hybrid optical amplification in an interleaved bidirectional architecture is studied. An optical repeater node is constructed using an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier and bidirectional Raman pumping to achieve a combined gain of 34 dB. Signal impairments associated with this architecture are identified and measured. Dense wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission of 40+40 25-GHz-spaced channels is demonstrated using the hybrid bidirectional amplifier over nonzero-dispersion-shifted fiber spans.
A história no âmbito da crítica de Nietzsche educação e à cultura na modernidade (2012)

O presente artigo discute a crítica de Friedrich Nietzsche ao modo como a noção de história foi utilizada, enquanto um saber objetivo, no âmbito da cultura e da educação na modernidade. O filósofo sustenta que na cultura moderna há um uso desmedido da história, o que constitui um vício que legitima as pseudo-culturas. A educação é, por excelência, o meio propagador da cultura e, segundo Nietzsche, a educação moderna reproduz e legitima um tipo de saber superficial e especializado, que é contrário à vida. No presente artigo elucida-se o conceito de cultura nietzschiano, a fim de compreender as linhas gerais dos apontamentos do filósofo acerca da relação entre história, cultura e educação na modernidade.
Posterior subcapsular and nuclear cataract after vitrectomy (2001)

Vitrectomy and tamponade produced a characteristic transient PSC in the immediate postoperative period. Disruption of fluid balance in the region of the posterior lens was suggested by the morphological appearance. The acute changes resolved but were followed by accelerated nuclear opacification.
Drug-Like Properties: Concepts, Structure Design and Methods from ADME to Toxicity Optimization (2016)

Of the thousands of novel compounds that a drug discovery project team invents and that bind to the therapeutic target, typically only a fraction of these have sufficient ADME/Tox properties to become a drug product. Understanding ADME/Tox is critical for all drug researchers, owing to its increasing importance in advancing high quality candidates to clinical studies and the processes of drug discovery. If the properties are weak, the candidate will have a high risk of failure or be less desirable as a drug product. This book is a tool and resource for scientists engaged in, or preparing for, the selection and optimization process. The authors describe how properties affect in vivo pharmacological activity and impact in vitro assays. Individual drug-like properties are discussed from a practical point of view, such as solubility, permeability and metabolic stability, with regard to fundamental understanding, applications of property data in drug discovery and examples of structural modifications that have achieved improved property performance. The authors also review various methods for the screening (high throughput), diagnosis (medium throughput) and in-depth (low throughput) analysis of drug properties. * Serves as an essential working handbook aimed at scientists and students in medicinal chemistry * Provides practical, step-by-step guidance on property fundamentals, effects, structure-property relationships, and structure modification strategies * Discusses improvements in pharmacokinetics from a practical chemist's standpoint
Adsorbate effects on photoluminescence and electrical conductivity of porous silicon (1994)

Porous silicon (p type) has been exposed to several chemical vapors at various partial pressures. The quenching of the photoluminescence by the adsorbates has been quantified and correlation to the electrical conductivity of the porous silicon sample has been studied. Some gases, e.g., water and benzene, have a small effect on the photoluminescence and on the conductivity, while others, e.g., methanol, reduce the photoluminescence by a factor of 2 and increase the conductivity by four orders of magnitude. This is accompanied with a qualitative change in the current-voltage characteristics. These changes have been found to be reversible and the temporal behavior of the system has been investigated.
Diffusion and aggregation of size-selected silver clusters on a graphite surface (1996)

We have investigated the early stages of film growth via deposition of size-selected silver clusters on graphite, as a function of incident cluster size. For all sizes from 50 to 250 atoms per cluster, the deposited clusters are mobile and coalesce into three-dimensional particles with a ‘‘universal’’ diameter of ≊14 nm, possibly a consequence of lattice strain between the silver and graphite. The 14 nm particles are found mainly in small aggregates, indicating that they themselves are to some degree mobile. We have also found evidence that the particle mobility is influenced by the cluster impact angle.
A New Hybrid GMM/SVM for Speaker Verification (2006)

This paper proposes a new combination approach between Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by feature extraction based on adapted GMM for SVM in text-independent speaker verification. Because of excellent scalability, adapted GMM was used to extract a small quantity of typical feature vectors from large numbers of speech data for SVM speaker verification. Using this new combination approach, our speaker verification system performed significantly better than the current state-of-the-art GMM-UBM system on the NIST'04 1side-1side database.
Right ventricular and right atrial collapse in patients with cardiac tamponade--a combined echocardiographic and hemodynamic study. (1984)

To determine the hemodynamic derangement associated with right ventricular diastolic collapse and to assess the value of right ventricular and right atrial collapse in identifying cardiac tamponade, two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded simultaneously with measurement of right atrial, pulmonary capillary wedge, intrapericardial, and systemic arterial pressures and cardiac output in 16 patients as they underwent pericardiocentesis. Twelve patients (group I) had evidence of right ventricular or right atrial collapse or both on their echocardiograms and hemodynamic evidence of cardiac tamponade before pericardiocentesis. All hemodynamic parameters improved after pericardiocentesis (p less than or equal to .05). Continuous monitoring during pericardiocentesis in three of these patients showed significant improvement in all parameters except heart rate (p less than or equal to .02) at the point of disappearance of right ventricular diastolic collapse, with further improvement in cardiac output as pericardiocentesis continued (p less than .01). Right atrial collapse persisted after right ventricular collapse disappeared but was no longer present when pericardiocentesis was completed. Three patients (group II) had no right ventricular or right atrial collapse, no hemodynamic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and no improvement in hemodynamic parameters after pericardiocentesis. A single patient (group III) was found to have elevated right heart pressures and right ventricular hypertrophy before pericardiocentesis. Although there was hemodynamic evidence of cardiac tamponade in this patient, there was no evidence of right ventricular or right atrial collapse. In this study, the sensitivity of right ventricular collapse as a marker for cardiac tamponade was 92%, its specificity 100%, its accuracy 94%, and its predictive value 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Weighted-Clustering Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Context (2009)

In this paper, in order to improve the sensing performance which can be severely degraded when the sensing observations are forwarded to fusion center through fading channels, we apply the clustering method into cooperative spectrum sensing by forming all the secondary users into a few clusters and selecting the most favorable user in each cluster to report sensing results to the data fusion center. This method can exploit the user selection diversity so that the sensing performance can be enhanced. Furthermore, the soft combination EGC and two bit hard combination are introduced to improve the detection performance and reduce transmitting overhead. Compared with conventional sensing scheme, numerical results show that the sensing performance is improved significantly.
Morphological Description of Flame-Generated Materials (1990)

Abstract The soot formed in a coannular ethene diffusion flame was extracted by a thermophoretic sampling technique for examination by transmission electron microscopy. A detailed analysis of the particle statistics of the samples is presented. Primary particle diameters range from 10 to 40 nm and their spatial variation within the flame affords quantitative information on the specific soot surface growth and oxidation rates. The moment ratio of the aggregate volume-equivalent diameters (D63D30,) is found to be close to the values predicted for the self-preserving size distribution in either the continuum or free molecular limit. The fractal dimensions (1 62 and 1.74) for Iwo samples examined are in the range reported in other combustion related experiments as well as in computational simulations of particle growth when cluster-cluster aggregation is an important growth mechanism The primary particle diameters that have been reported by various investigators in a wide variety of flame environments are reviewed. It is concluded that, while aggregate size may vary over many orders of magnitude, the values of both fractal dimensions and primary sizes of flame-gcneraled carbonaceous soot and silica fume are narrowly confined.
Multimodel approach to the design of scheduling controllers for a class of nonlinear system (2014)

Nonlinearity emerges due to parameter uncertainties, constraints and also due to the fact that processes are subjected to disturbances quite often. This nonlinearity behavior leads to operate the industrial processes at different regions. These problems can be solved effectively by implementing a controller based on multimodel approach. In order to design such controllers it is always mandatory to properly identify the process. In our work the chosen process is identified using real time data acquired from the laboratory level process station. Though the design of constant gain controllers are the most popular option to solve the industrial control problems, but it fails to show better results for nonlinear systems. This paper aims at developing design strategy of scheduling controller by extending Polynomial Dynamic Control approach. The parameters of scheduling controller are self tuned in order to accommodate the system uncertainties. The goal of the paper is to analyze the reference tracking efficiency and external disturbance rejection when implementing these two approaches in controlling the level under different operating regions. Simulation studies carried out on MATLAB/SIMULINK platform reveal that the polynomial controllers can effectively be employed for multimodel approach in case of nonlinear systems.
On compressing and indexing data (2002)

In this paper we design two compressed data structures for the\nfull-text indexing problem. These data structures support efficient\nsubstring searches within the indexed text $T$ using roughly the same\nspace required to store $T$ in compressed form.\nOur first compressed data structure retrieves the $occ$ occurrences of\na pattern $P[1,p]$ in $T[1,n]$ in $O(p + occ\\log^{1+\\epsilon} n)$ time\nand uses at most $5n H_k(T) + o(n)$ bits of storage, where\n$H_k(T)$ is the $k$-th order empirical entropy of $T$. This space\noccupancy is $Theta(n)$ bits in the worst case and $o(n)$ bits for\ncompressible texts. Our data structure exploits the relationship\nbetween the suffix array and the Burrows-Wheeler\ncompression algorithm.\nOur second compressed data structure achieves $O(p+occ)$ query time\nand uses $O(n H_k(T)\\log^\\epsilon n) + o(n)$ bits of storage. In\nthe worst case the space occupancy is $o(n\\log n)$ bits which is\nasymptotically smaller than the space occupancy of suffix trees and\nsuffix arrays. This second data structure exploits the interplay\nbetween two compressors: the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm and the LZ78 algorithm.
A Data Quality Methodology for Heterogeneous Data (2011)

We present a Heterogenous Data Quality Methodology (HDQM) for Data Quality (DQ) assessment and improvement that considers all types of data managed in an organization, namely structured data represented in databases, semistructured data usually represented in XML, and unstructured data represented in documents. We also define a meta-model in order to describe the relevant knowledge managed in the methodology. The different types of data are translated in a common conceptual representation. We consider two dimensions widely analyzed in the specialist literature and used in practice: Accuracy and Currency. The methodology provides stakeholders involved in DQ management with a complete set of phases for data quality assessment and improvement. A non trivial case study from the business domain is used to illustrate and validate the methodology.
Airway pressure measurement during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (1984)

We developed a method to measure accurately pressures at the airway opening (Pao) and in the trachea (Ptr) in neonates during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) from 15–30 Hz. All component parts of the pressure-measuring system were tested as a unit against a reference transducer in a closed chamber in which sinusoidal pressure waves could be generated. The resulting waveforms were displayed on an oscilloscope ahd measured. Ptr was measured through the intramural lumen of a Hi-Lo jet tracheal tube (National Catheter Co., Argyle, NY) opening 1 cm above the distal tip. Pressure readings from uncorrected waveforms indicated a discrepancy between measured and actual pressures, as high as 100% at frequencies of 100 Hz. When the resonance of the system was damped with a CorrecTORR (Norton Health Care Products, Akron, OH), the ratio of test to reference transducer output was flat ±5% from 0–160 Hz for the Pao system and flat ±4% from 0–100 Hz for the Ptr system. Ptr system accuracy was verified in an excised rabbit lung and the systems were used clinically in neonatal HFOV. We conclude that Pao and Ptr can be measured accurately during HFOV by this method.
Designing and implementing<i>Choices</i> (1993)

CHOICES" AN OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEM IN C ++ e describe our experiences in constructing Choices and a design methodology that extends existing design approaches by explicidy encouraging specialization, as well as design and code reuse. Although many operating system techniques and designs are well documented, few object-oriented operating systems exist and have been described. SOS [23], CHORUS [18], and Apertos [26] are other examples of object-oriented operating systems.
Contribution of antibody in normal human serum to early deposition of C3 onto encapsulated and nonencapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans (1992)

Encapsulated and nonencapsulated cryptococci differ in their activation of the complement system. Incubation of nonencapsulated cryptococci in normal human serum (NHS) initiates both the classical and alternative pathways. This activation is characterized by an immediate, synchronous activation and binding of C3 to the yeast cells. Encapsulated cryptococci activate only the alternative pathway. This activation is characterized by a delayed (4 to 5 min), asynchronous activation and binding of C3. We examined the properties of antibodies in NHS that mediate immediate, synchronous binding of C3 to nonencapsulated cryptococci and zymosan. Adsorption of NHS with nonencapsulated cryptococci or zymosan produced a 4- to 6-min delay in the kinetics for activation and binding of C3 from the adsorbed serum to each respective yeast cell. This delay was similar to the delay observed when nonencapsulated cryptococci or zymosan was incubated in NHS in which the classical pathway was blocked by chelation of Ca2+. Proteins bound to serum-treated nonencapsulated cryptococci or zymosan were eluted and found to be predominantly immunoglobulin G (IgG), with lesser amounts of IgM. The eluted IgG could restore to adsorbed serum the rapid early kinetics for activation and binding of C3 characteristic of classical pathway initiation. Cross-adsorption showed that there was considerable cross-reactivity between the antibodies which restored rapid, early activation kinetics to NHS adsorbed with zymosan or nonencapsulated cryptococci. Encapsulated cryptococci were unable to adsorb the antibodies from NHS that mediated the rapid, early activation and binding of C3 to zymosan and nonencapsulated cryptococci. The latter results show that occlusion of antigenic sites at the cryptococcal cell wall is a newly recognized property that can be added to the repertoire of biological activities of the cryptococcal capsule.
48.1: <i>Distinguished Paper</i> : Low‐Cost Large‐Area LED Backlight (2009)

Abstract A thin LED BLU device structure incorporating side‐emitting LEDs distributed in a two‐dimensional array across the BLU and embedded in a multi‐layer printed and integrated light‐guide is presented. Measured results from a 40 “design based on this technology platform, produces an efficient and low‐cost BLU.
A Synthesis of Conjugated Bile Acids. I. Glycocholic Acid (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of Conjugated Bile Acids. I. Glycocholic AcidFrank Cortese and Louis BaumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 8, 1393–1395Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01311a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01311a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subcritical and Supercritical Water Gasification of Cellulose, Starch, Glucose, and Biomass Waste (2006)

The subcritical and supercritical water gasification of cellulose, starch, and glucose as representative biomass model compounds and biomass in the form of Cassava waste has been investigated in a heated batch reactor. Cellulose and starch are two polysaccharides which have identical chemical compositions based on the monomer glucose but which have different chemical structures and physical properties. The influence of temperature in the subcritical and supercritical regimes of water were examined in relation to the yield of the product gases, oil, char, and water. For the model compounds and the Cassava waste, the main gases produced were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and other hydrocarbons, and there was significant production of oil and char. There were, however, distinct differences between the yields of the different products and the trends in relation to temperature. Cellulose produced a higher yield of char, carbon monoxide, and C1−C4 hydrocarbons compared to starch and glucose, but glucose produced the highest hydrogen yield. The Cassava biomass waste produced a char yield similar to that produced by starch, but a lower hydrogen yield.