gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Time Since Death Using Plant Roots and Stems (1987)

Abstract A number of methods have been used successfully in estimating time since death of long dead individuals, including physical decomposition of the corpse and clothing and the succession of insects. Using these sources, however, it is usually impossible to estimate accurately time since death for bodies which have been exposed more than a year. Roots and stems of perennial plants may be used as complementary sources of information. Stems and woody roots of perennial plants have annual growth rings which may be used to establish the minimum number of growing seasons since death. To be used, these plant parts must grow through the clothing, other personal effects, or bone or be affected indirectly by soil disturbance or body decomposition. Procedures for collecting, preserving, and examining these specimens and the limitations of the approach are presented.
Results of the 2006 Spoken Term Detection Evaluation (2006)

paper presents the pilot evaluation of Spoken Term Detection technologies, held during the latter part of 2006. Spoken Term Detection systems rapidly detect the presence of a term , which is a sequence of words consecutively spoken, in a large audio corpus of heterogeneous speech material. The paper describes the evaluation task posed to Spoken Term Detection systems, the evaluation methodologies, the Arabic, English and Mandarin evaluation corpora, and the results of the evaluation. Ten participants submitted systems for the evaluation.
Quantum Dot Photoluminescence Quenching by Cr(III) Complexes. Photosensitized Reactions and Evidence for a FRET Mechanism (2012)

Reported are quantitative studies of the energy transfer from water-soluble CdSe/ZnS and CdSeS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) to the Cr(III) complexes trans-Cr(N(4))(X)(2)(+) (N(4) is a tetraazamacrocycle ligand, X(-) is CN(-), Cl(-), or ONO(-)) in aqueous solution. Variation of N(4), of X(-), and of the QD size and composition allows one to probe the relationship between the emission/absorption overlap integral parameter and the efficiency of the quenching of the QD photoluminescence (PL) by the chromium(III) complexes. Steady-state studies of the QD PL in the presence of different concentrations of trans-Cr(N(4))(X)(2)(+) indicate a clear correlation between quenching efficiency and the overlap integral largely consistent with the predicted behavior of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-type mechanism. PL lifetimes show analogous correlations, and these results demonstrate that spectral overlap is an important consideration when designing supramolecular systems that incorporate QDs as photosensitizers. In the latter context, we extend earlier studies demonstrating that the water-soluble CdSe/ZnS and CdSeS/ZnS QDs photosensitize nitric oxide release from the trans-Cr(cyclam)(ONO)(2)(+) cation (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and report the efficiency (quantum yield) for this process. An improved synthesis of ternary CdSeS core/shell QDs is also described.
Isoform-Specific Complementation of the Yeast <i>sac6</i> Null Mutation by Human Fimbrin (1995)

The actin cytoskeleton is a fundamental component of eukaryotic cells, with both structural and motile roles. Actin and many of the actin-binding proteins found in different cell types are highly conserved, showing considerable similarity in both primary structure and biochemical properties. To make detailed comparisons between homologous proteins, it is necessary to know whether the various proteins are functionally, as well as structurally, conserved. Fimbrin is an example of a cytoskeletal component that, as shown by sequence determinations and biochemical characterizations, is conserved between organisms as diverse as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. In this study, we examined whether the human homolog can substitute for the yeast protein in vivo. We report here that two isoforms of human fimbrin, also referred to as T- and L-plastin, can both substitute in vivo for yeast fimbrin, also known as Sac6p, whereas a third isoform, I-fimbrin (or I-plastin), cannot. We demonstrate that the human T- and L-fimbrins, in addition to complementing the temperature-sensitive growth defect of the sac6 null mutant, restore both normal cytoskeletal organization and cell shape to the mutant cells. In addition, we show that human T- and L-fimbrins can complement a sporulation defect caused by the sac6 null mutation. These findings indicate that there is a high degree of functional conservation in the cytoskeleton, even between organisms as diverse as S. cerevisiae and humans.
A Comparison of Dielectric Constants of Various Asphalts Calculated from Time Intervals and Amplitudes (2015)

When measurements by a Ground Penetrating Radar are evaluated, a dielectric constant is very important electrical property of pavement materials. The numerical value of the dielectric constant is different for various materials used in road construction and it affects the signal velocity in pavement layers. The main subject of research outputs introduced in the article is comparison of dielectric constants of the various asphalts calculated from time intervals and amplitudes. The series of laboratory and in situ measurements were made on three different asphalts (Asphalt Concrete (AC), Porous Asphalt (PA) and Stone Mastic Asphalt SMA)). The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with 2 GHz air-coupled antenna was used. The antenna was moved over three sections: floor, a steel plate and an asphalt slab. The dielectric constant of asphalt was determined using time interval between positive amplitudes peaks representing the asphalt slab thickness and also using the amplitudes values. It was found the dielectric constants of the AC, PA and SMA differed regardless the calculation method. Differences in dielectric constant values were also found between two calculation methods.
[A comparative study on acellular small intestinal submucosa and acellular amnion as dressings for traumatic skin defects]. (2006)

Compared with Group C, the wound healing rate is improved, the collagen in the tissue below the epithelium is arranged more regularly, and the inflammatory cells, bleeding, and effusion are reduced in Groups A and B. The reparative effects of the acellular amnion and the acellular small intestinal submucosa as dressings on the skin defects are almost the same.
<i>In vitro</i> enzymatic stability of dendritic peptides (2005)

PEGylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as drug carriers have been a topic of interest because of their biomedically favorable features, including minimal toxicity, reduced immunogenicity, and excellent solubility in aqueous and most organic solutions. A PEG shell on dendrimer surface may provide steric hindrance, known as stealth properties of PEG, to stabilize drug molecules to be delivered. In this article, the effects of PEG and coupling sequence of drug, PEG, and dendrimer in modulating the stability of delivered drug molecules were evaluated. N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide was chosen as a model peptide. Dendritic peptides, that is, peptide-dendrimer, peptide-PAMAM-PEG, and peptide-PEG-dendrimer, were constructed based on Starbursttrade mark G3.0 PAMAM dendrimer and characterized by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. Hydrolysis of dendritic peptides was catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin in pH 7.4 PBS buffer containing 5% DMF (v/v) at room temperature. The enzymatic stability of dendritic peptides was peptide-PAMAM-PEG > peptide-PAMAM > free peptide > peptide-PEG-PAMAM. The ratio of PEG/peptide could be reduced for increasing peptide loading while maintaining the delivered peptides' relatively high enzymatic stability. The quantitative analysis of dendritic peptide/enzyme interactions provided the understandings of the molecular structure/stability relationships of dendrimer/drug for the design of an optimal PEGylated dendrimer-based drug-delivery system.
CLINICAL COLLECTION AND USE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELLS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS (1989)

Peripheral blood stem cells have been used in lieu of marrow as autologous cellular support after marrow-ablative radio/chemotherapy. Autologous marrow support allows the use of higher, more effective doses of therapy. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) offer the potential for this form of "transplant" in patients with marrow involved with disease. PBSC use also allows the avoidance of marrow harvest under general anesthesia. Previous reports of PBSC use have been limited to adults. This article describes peripheral blood stem cell collection in children, and documents the successful use of such cells in a 21/2-year-old boy and a 3-year-old girl with progressive stage IV neuroblastoma involving the marrow. Collections were performed using a Fenwal CS3000 blood cell processor primed with fresh frozen plasma and red cells, using a low flow rate to avoid citrate toxicity. The transplant was performed using collections that were negative or low in neuroblastoma cells (as detected by anti-neuron-specific enolase and antineuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies) after preparation with high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin. Posttransplant recovery was uneventful, and engraftment was comparable to that in 4 patients treated with a similar preparative regimen followed by infusion of autologous marrow. Using careful technique, PBSC support in lieu of marrow may be a viable treatment modality in pediatric neuroblastoma or other solid tumors, particularly when the marrow is involved with disease.
Growth retardation in glioma cells cocultured with cells overexpressing a gap junction protein. (1992)

To examine the role of gap-junctional intercellular communication in controlling cell proliferation, we have transfected C6 glioma cells with connexin 43 cDNA. The growth of transfected clones was dramatically reduced compared with nontransfected glioma cells. To further characterize the role of gap junctions in controlling proliferation, we have examined the growth of C6 cells cocultured with transfected cells overexpressing connexin 43. Although C6 cells grew at their normal rate when cocultured with nontransfected C6 cells, when cocultured with connexin 43-overexpressing cells they displayed a dramatic reduction in growth rate. Furthermore, a significant, dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation was noted when C6 cells were cultured in medium conditioned by transfected cells. This effect correlated with the level of connexin 43 expression. These results suggest that the decreased cell proliferation rate of transfected cells and C6 cells cultured with them is due to the secretion of a growth inhibitory factor(s) and that the secretion of this factor may be linked to the level of gap junctional intercellular communication.
A polymer gel electrolyte to achieve ≥6% power conversion efficiency with a novel organic dye incorporating a low-band-gap chromophore (2008)

A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell with novel organic sensitizers incorporating a benzothiadiazole chromophore showed excellent long-term stability, which exhibited 10% decrease during the 1000 h light soaking; the optimized cell gave a short circuit photocurrent density of 12.03 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage of 0.720 V and a fill factor of 0.76, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 6.61% under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions.
An Approach to Debugging Grid or Web Services (2007)

In this paper, we first introduce some issues that are encountered in building a service debugger and briefly describe our approach to addressing them. Next, we outline some debugging modes and components of a simple composite debugger. Then, we mainly describe its message-based front-end and back-end, which are a co-existing, self-identifying, and non- intrusive. Finally, we preset some experimental results of our latest prototype.
High-Gain Grating Antenna With Surface Wave Launcher Array (2018)

In this letter, a high-gain grating antenna operated at 11.5 GHz is presented. Planar surface wave launcher (SWL) array is adopted to feed the grating antenna. Compared with spherical-like waves generated by single SWL structure, SWL array generates planar-like waves, which can concentrate the energy. With SWL array as the launcher, metallic straight strips are employed to achieve leaky-wave radiation. By using the theory of miniaturization of grating, the length of strips is optimized. The peak gain of main beam is as high as 20.3 dBi. Theoretical and optimization process is given to explain the principle. An example is fabricated and measured. A good agreement between simulated and measured results evidently validates the proposed grating antenna.
New system-level simulation of noise spectra distortion in FM-CW autonomous cruise control radar (2002)

The design of complex MMICs such as ACC car radar involves the development of efficient and fast simulation techniques to predict the characteristics of the circuits. Their noise behavior simulation is one of the main drawback due to its complexity and large computation time. We propose in this paper, a new method based on a circuit envelope to simulate the noise spectra conversion of a signal passing through a MMIC. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown with the comparison between simulation and measures of the AM/PM conversion of a millimeter wave transmitter.
Applications and Challenges for Use of Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Delivery Vectors for Peptide and Protein Cargos (2016)

The hydrophilic nature of peptides and proteins renders them impermeable to cell membranes. Thus, in order to successfully deliver peptide and protein-based therapeutics across the plasma membrane or epithelial and endothelial barriers, a permeation enhancing strategy must be employed. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) constitute a promising tool and have shown applications for peptide and protein delivery into cells as well as across various epithelia and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CPP-mediated delivery of peptides and proteins may be pursued via covalent conjugation of the CPP to the cargo peptide or protein or via physical complexation obtained by simple bulk-mixing of the CPP with its cargo. Both approaches have their pros and cons, and which is the better choice likely relates to the physicochemical properties of the CPP and its cargo as well as the route of administration, the specific barrier and the target cell. Besides the physical barrier, a metabolic barrier must be taken into consideration when applying peptide-based delivery vectors, such as the CPPs, and stability-enhancing strategies are commonly employed to prolong the CPP half-life. The mechanisms by which CPPs translocate cell membranes are believed to involve both endocytosis and direct translocation, but are still widely investigated and discussed. The fact that multiple factors influence the mechanisms responsible for cellular CPP internalization and the lack of sensitive methods for detection of the CPP, and in some cases the cargo, further complicates the design and conduction of conclusive mechanistic studies.
Structural Dynamics of an RF MEMS Switch (2005)

The radio-frequency micro-electromechanical system (RF MEMS) switch comprises a plate suspended by four double-cantilever springs. When electrostatic actuation is applied, the plate moves toward the substrate and closes the switch. This article discusses how simulation and experimental methods improve the performance of the switch by suppressing mechanical rebounds and thus electrical signal discontinuities. To accurately simulate the mechanical motion of the switch, a high-fidelity three-dimensional finite element model is created to couple the solid dynamics with the electrostatic actuation. The displacement of the switch at various points is measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter through a microscope. The operational deflection shapes agree with the model. The three-dimensional model produces the necessary information for an effective one-dimensional model. The latter model is used to calculate an actuation voltage waveform to minimize switch velocity at closure, thereby suppressing switch rebound. The waveforms can be refined experimentally to compensate for switch property variations. Laboratory tests indicate that the waveform suppresses or eliminates rebound events.
30 Years of Continuous Coiled Tubing Modeling Software Development and Field Applications Creating New Capabilities (2018)

Abstract During the last three decades a coiled tubing (CT) modeling software package has been continuously developed to assist in the planning and executing of global CT operations. The first models were steady-state. In the past decade these models have been extended to consider transient effects of operations as they are executed. These models will also be used in the not-so-distant future to automate CT operations. In this paper, a review of all these models is presented for the first time. The development of a computer program was initiated in the early 1980s to help understand the downhole flow and pressure conditions during CT operations. Utilizing multi-phase rheological and frictional correlations obtained from laboratory flow loop testing, the CT flow model was extensively validated against global field data. Later, CT force and stress analysis models, considering such effects as the specific well geometry, mechanical friction, CT size, shape and material strength, were developed to predict lateral reach and assist in preventing downhole CT failures. While the most common and simplest approach within the industry is still to use steady-state models, in practice, the downhole conditions during CT operations, such as well cleaning, well unloading, well control, stimulation, cementing, underbalanced drilling with nitrified fluid, etc., are transient. Consequently, the steady-state models have been extended to account for downhole transient effects at the pre-planning and execution stages of CT operations. In addition, with the advent of the state-of-the-art CT telemetry systems, it is possible to acquire the downhole data in real time and use the transient CT software model to automate and optimize CT operations, increasing their safety and efficiency. A review is presented for the first time about the steady-state and transient models included in the CT software model, with details about each model and how they performed during 30 years of operations. Results and discussions regarding the extensive validation of the software against laboratory and field data are also presented. Several field cases from around the world help illustrate the transient nature of CT operations and the benefits of using the transient simulation in the pre-planning and execution stages of these operations. The paper presents the results from 30 years of global experience with the CT modeling software program. The mathematical models, validation against laboratory and field data, verification against other models available in literature, and case histories are described. The current trends within the industry are leading to a shortage of experienced CT field engineers, so the use of CT software models to increase the efficiency, compliance and safety of CT operations has never been as important as now.
A Self-Organizing Japanese Word Segmenter using Heuristic Word Identification and Re-estimation (1997)

We present a self-organized method to build a stochastic Japanese word segmenter/tom a small number of basic words and a large amount of unsegmented triig text. It consists of a word-based statistical language model, an initial estimation procedure, and a re-estimation procedure. Initial word/requencies are estimated by counting all possible longest match strings between the tr.i text and the word list. The initial word list is augmented by identifying words in the training text using a heuristic rule based on character type. The word-based language model is then re-estimated to filter out inappropriate word hypotheses generated by the initial word identification. When the word segmenter is trained on 3.9M character texts and 1719 initial words, its word segmentation accuracy is 86.3% recall and 82.5% precision. We find that the combination of heuristic word identification and re-estimation is so effective that the initial word list need not be large.
Quantification of biofilm production on polystyrene by Listeria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse (2010)

This study assessed biofilm formation on polystyrene by Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, L. welshimeri and Escherichia coli, isolated from a slaughtering plant, grown on tryptic soy broth (TSB) using different glucose concentrations. The tested bacteria produced biofilm in at least one of the concentrations used, and some of them were strong biofilm producers.
Molecular Cloning, Sequencing, and Expression of cDNA Encoding Serine Protease with Fibrinolytic Activity from Earthworm (2001)

An earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus, produces alkaline trypsin-like proteases that are greater than trypsins in their stability and strong tolerance to organic solvents. cDNAs encoding strong fibrinolytic proteases (F-III-2 and F-III-1) in the six isozymes were cloned and sequenced to study their stability-structure relationship. The cDNAs of F-III-2 and F-III-1 comprised 1011 and 973 bp and included open reading frames that encode polypeptides of 245 and 246 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of F-III-2 and F-III-1 have 7 and 8 activation peptides in the N-termini respectively, indicating that they are translated as proenzymes and modified to active forms by posttranslational processing. They showed similarity to mammalian serine proteases and conserved the catalytic amino acid residues, however, neither arginine nor lysine residues were present in the autolysis region. The gene encoding the native form of F-III-2 was expressed in Pichia pastoris to produce and secrete the earthworm protease in the culture medium, which dissolves an artificial fibrin plate.