gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matrix Remodeling in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (2016)

Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema are chronic lung diseases characterized by a progressive decline in lung function, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of these diseases is recurrent or persistent alveolar epithelial injury, typically caused by common environmental exposures such as cigarette smoke. We propose that critical determinants of the outcome of the injury-repair processes that result in fibrosis versus emphysema are mesenchymal cell fate and associated extracellular matrix dynamics. In this review, we explore the concept that regulation of mesenchymal cells under the influence of soluble factors, in particular transforming growth factor-β1, and the extracellular matrix determine the divergent tissue remodeling responses seen in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.
Photoexcitation dynamics and laser action in solutions and films of PPE-PPV copolymer (2004)

We used a variety of ultrafast and steady-state spectroscopy techniques to study the photoexcitation dynamics and laser action in dilute and concentrated solutions and in thin films of poly(phenylene-ethynylene)/poly(phenylene-vinylene) [PPE-PPV] copolymer. We found that the primary photoexcitations in PPE-PPV solutions are relatively long-lived singlet excitons with lifetime of about 600 ps, consistent with the high-photoluminescence quantum efficiency. The singlet excitons have three distinct photoinduced absorption (PA) bands spanning the mid-IR and near-IR spectral ranges, which are correlated with a strong stimulated emission (SE) band in the blue spectral range. In thin PPE-PPV films, however, the SE band is much weaker because of its overlap with a new PA band that is due to long-lived polaron pairs. As a result we found laser action in dilute PPE-PPV solutions but not in films; this represents the first laser action reported in PPE-type polymers. A study of laser action in solutions of various copolymer concentrations confirms the lack of lasing in concentrated solutions and explains its absence in films. The polaron pair species, triplet excitons that are generated via intersystem crossing, and isolated charged polarons that are generated from polaron pair dissociation are also studied using steady-state spectroscopies.
Fundamental Role of the Fostriecin Unsaturated Lactone and Implications for Selective Protein Phosphatase Inhibition (2003)

Key derivatives and analogues of fostriecin were prepared and examined that revealed a fundamental role for the unsaturated lactone and confirmed the essential nature of the phosphate monoester. Thus, an identical 200-fold reduction in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition is observed with either the saturated lactone (7) or with an analogue that lacks the entire lactone (15). This 200-fold increase in PP2A inhibition attributable to the unsaturated lactone potentially may be due to reversible C269 alkylation within the PP beta12-beta13 active site loop accounting for PP2A/4 potency and selectivity.
Hardware Evaluation of the AES Finalists. (2000)

This report describes our evaluation results of implementing hardware of the AES finalists, concentrating on 128-bit key version, using Mitsubishi Electric’s 0.35 micron CMOS ASIC design library. Our goal is to estimate the “critical path length” of data encryption /decryption logic and key setup time of key scheduling logic for each algorithm, which corresponds to the fastest possible encryption speed in feedback modes of operation such as CBC etc. To achieve this, we wrote fully loop-unrolled codes in VerilogHDL language without introducing pipeline structure that blocks the feedback.
Levels of synovial fluid interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies. potential contribution from synovial fluid neutrophils (1993)

IL-1ra levels are increased in > 80% of RA SF samples. SF PMN produce IL-1ra, possibly contributing to the levels of IL-1ra present within the SF.
A 15mW 3.6GS/s CT-&#x0394;&#x03A3; ADC with 36MHz bandwidth and 83dB DR in 90nm CMOS (2012)

We propose design techniques that enable the realization of power-efficient single-bit CT-ΔΣ ADCs at multi-Gb/s speeds. An FIR DAC [1 ] is used to reduce sensitivity to clock jitter and relax loop filter linearity. A mostly analog path compensates the modulator for the delay introduced by the FIR DAC. The CTDSM samples at 3.6GS/S, has 83dB DR in 36MHz BW, and occupies 0.12mm2 in 90nm CMOS. Dissipating 15mW from a 1.2V supply, it thereby achieves an FoM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SNDR</sub> of 72.8fJ/level, which is an improvement over the state of the art for converters with bandwidths greater than 20MHz.
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis and urticaria. (2001)

In a select group of persons, exercise can produce a spectrum of allergic symptoms ranging from an erythematous, irritating skin eruption to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. The differential diagnosis in persons with exercise-induced dermatologic and systemic symptoms should include exercise-induced anaphylaxis and cholinergic urticaria. Both are classified as physical allergies. Mast cell degranulation with the release of vasoactive substances appears to be an inciting factor for the production of symptoms in both cases. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis and cholinergic urticaria can be differentiated on the basis of urticarial morphology, reproducibility, progression to anaphylaxis and response to passive warming. Diagnosis is usually based on a thorough history and examination of the morphology of the lesions. Management of acute episodes of exercise-induced anaphylaxis includes cessation of exercise, administration of epinephrine and antihistamines, vascular support and airway maintenance. Long-term care may require modification of or abstinence from exercise, avoidance of co-precipitating factors and the prophylactic use of medications such as antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers.
Scalable and Adaptive Multicast Video Streaming for Heterogeneous and Mobile Users (2005)

To provide scalable multicast video streaming services for heterogeneous and mobile users, we design a protocol called SAMP. It is based on a multicast service overlay model. By employing layered encoding, aggregated multicast, and user clustering, SAMP can handle heterogeneity, scalability and mobility very effectively. We conduct simulations and the results show the promising performance of SAMP.
Direct effects of somatostatin analog octreotide on insulin-like growth factor-I in the arterial wall. (1997)

Local vascular expression and action of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) appear to be important in the biologic events that follow arterial wall injury. Octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog, is a potent inhibitor of the growth hormone/IGF-I axis. We examined the effects of octreotide on the vascular IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP), gene regulation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and neointimal thickening after arterial wall injury. Treatment with octreotide selectively decreased IGF-I mRNA expression in normal rat arteries by 70% and prevented the induction of the IGF-I gene after balloon injury. Because up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor-A gene was not affected, and because there was no change in plasma growth hormone, IGF-I, and glucagon levels, it appears that this effect is selective and mediated locally. Of the IGFBP, IGFBP-4 was modestly up-regulated after balloon injury, whereas treatment with octreotide had no effect on IGFBP-4 expression. The inhibitory effects of octreotide on vascular IGF-I were associated with a decrease in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and an up to 90% reduction in neointimal thickening after balloon injury in a dose-dependent fashion.
Constraint Release Effects in Monodisperse and Bidisperse Polystyrenes in Fast Transient Shearing Flows (2001)

Predictions of the Mead−Larson−Doi (MLD) and the Doi−Edwards−Marrucci−Grizzuti (DEMG) models1 are compared with the rheological data in start up of steady shearing of concentrated bidisperse polystyrene solutions. Both the MLD and DEMG models are “tube” theories of flow with reptation, but the MLD theory includes both reptative and convective constraint-release effects, which are neglected in the DEMG theory. The adjustable parameters for the models are the reptation times (τd,i) of each molecular weight component, and the plateau modulus ( ). A procedure is given for obtaining the stretch times (τs,i) from the reptation times. The convective constraint release included in the MLD model remedies the extreme shear thinning predicted by the DEMG model, and the reptative constraint release extends the good predictions found for monodisperse polymers to bidisperse systems, especially at steady state. In the transient start up of shear for monodisperse polymers, both models provide good predictions in both the viscosities and the first normal stress differences at low shear rates. At high shear rates, the MLD model, as well as the DEMG model, can predict the strain at the peak in stress accurately; however, the magnitude of the overshoots predicted by the MLD model are not as high as those of the DEMG model, with the latter predicting overshoots that are closer to the observed results.
Dynamic Properties of a Model Reinforced Elastomer. Styrene-Butadiene Reinforced with Polystyrene (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic Properties of a Model Reinforced Elastomer. Styrene-Butadiene Reinforced with PolystyreneGerard Kraus, K. W. Rollmann, and J. T. GruverCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 1, 92–96Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60013a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60013a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Censored Quantile Regression Redux (2008)

Quantile regression for censored survival (duration) data offers a more flexible alternative to the Cox proportional hazard model for some applications. We describe three estimation methods for such applications that have been recently incorporated into the R package <b>quantreg</b>: the Powell (1986) estimator for fixed censoring, and two methods for random censoring, one introduced by Portnoy (2003), and the other by Peng and Huang (2008). The Portnoy and Peng-Huang estimators can be viewed, respectively, as generalizations to regression of the Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen estimators of univariate quantiles for censored observations. Some asymptotic and simulation comparisons are made to highlight advantages and disadvantages of the three methods.
Metabolic changes associated with methionine stress sensitivity in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells (2016)

This study indicates a differential metabolic response between the methionine sensitive MDA-MB-468 cells and the methionine insensitive derivative cell line MDA-MB-468res-R8. Both cell lines appear to experience oxidative stress when methionine was replaced with its metabolic precursor homocysteine, forcing cells to redirect homocysteine metabolism toward the transsulfuration pathway to increase glutathione synthesis. The methionine stress resistant MDA-MB-468res-R8 cells responded to this cellular stress earlier than the methionine stress sensitive MDA-MB468 cells and coped better with metabolic demands. Additionally, it is evident that S-adenosylmethionine metabolism is dependent on methionine availability in cancer cells, which cannot be sufficiently supplied by homocysteine metabolism under these conditions.
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE AND QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE IMMUNOSENSORS FOR DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 (2005)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) techniques have been studied in label-free immunosensors for direct detection of bacteria. However, there is a lack of comparative investigations on SPR and QCMimmunosensors. In this study, SPR and QCM immunosensors were compared for their applications in bacterial detection usingEscherichia coli O157:H7 as a model pathogen. In both immunosensors, affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were usedas capture antibodies and Protein A method was used for antibody immobilization. The stepwise assembly of theimmunosensors was characterized by SPR, QCM, and cyclic voltammetry. Both SPR and QCM could detect E. coli O157:H7in 1 h with detection ranges of 105 to 108 and 106 to 108 CFU/mL, respectively. QCM was more sensitive than SPR in termsof both detection limit and signal-to-noise ratio. For both immunosensors, no significant interference was found from brainheart infusion (BHI) broth or Salmonella Typhimurium. The binding efficiency of the QCM immunosensor at 105 to108 CFU/mL was found to be 95.9% to 2.9%, decreasing with increasing cell concentration.
Usable Access Control inside Home Networks (2007)

WLAN link layer security has been well studied but very little work exists in the area of intuitive access control inside home networks. In this paper we propose an approach that allows fine-grained access control without overburdening users with difficult questions or complicated configuration tasks. The proposed concept originated from a user needs study and user trials, and it builds on the existing WiFi Protected Setup standard.
Fatty Acids as Energy Sources for Culture of One-Cell Rabbit Ova to Viable Morulae (1979)

of variation in phospholipids on ovum membrane structure and function.
3204 Research and Development on Estimation System for Concentrate Situation (2008)

Recently, to discipline to increase powers of concentration is popular. One of the reason, it is difficult to concentrate something in these days because of a flood of information. However we discipline our concentration by using the how-to books and the portable games, we cannot evaluate the training effect on the practical life. In this paper, we propose an evaluation system for user's powers of concentration in which the method for the estimate user's sitting situation is utilized. This system is constructed by two kinds of method, one is the method which estimates the sitting situation and the other is the evaluation method for user's powers of concentration situation. These methods use user's motion that is obtained from the acceleration sensor that is fixed on the chair And we prepare the three kinds of Graphical User Interface (GUI) which presents the concentration situation to the user. The sensory evaluation by questionnaire and human behavioral analysis were performed for system evaluation. As a result, the interface using the line graph that presents the powers of concentration in the long term and the level meter that presents the momentary powers of concentration are preferred to the interface showed only graphic avatar which present the users sitting situation.
Synthesis of mercaptothiadiazole-functionalized gold nanoparticles and their self-assembly on Au substrates (2008)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized with mercaptothiadiazole ligands, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMT), 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) and 5-methyl-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MMT), were prepared by the reaction of the respective ligands with HAuCl(4) and NaBH(4) in an aqueous medium. TEM images show that the average size of AuNPs was 6.5 ± 0.5 nm, irrespective of the capping ligands. The colloidal solution of both DMT-capped AuNPs (DMT-AuNPs) and AMT-capped AuNPs (AMT-AuNPs) were highly stable for several months. However, several changes were noticed for MMT-capped AuNPs (MMT-AuNPs) after 2 h from its formation. The SPR band intensity at 518 nm decreases and the narrow SPR absorption band slowly changes into a flat absorption pattern with a broad peak from 518 to 1000 nm which was accompanied by a colour change of the solution from red to purple and then blue and thereafter unchanged. The TEM image of MMT-AuNPs after 96 h shows that most of the spherical shape of the AuNPs assembled to form a nanowire-like structure. The observed changes may be due to the absence of a strong stabilizing force on the surface of the MMT-AuNPs. The amino and thiolate groups on the surface of the AMT-AuNPs and DMT-AuNPs, respectively, were directly self-assembled on Au electrodes. They exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of AA by enhancing its oxidation current twice in addition to more than 200 mV negative shift in the oxidation potential in contrast to bare Au electrode.
Field Tests for Leakage, Air Pocket, and Discrete Blockage Detection Using Inverse Transient Analysis in Water Distribution Pipes (2004)

It has been suggested over the last ten years that the application of fluid transients could potentially lead to improved leak detection and calibration of pipe roughness in pipe networks using a technique referred to as Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA). During the intervening time, a large amount of numerical and laboratory research has not addressed the complexities involved in the application of ITA to the field. This paper presents preliminary results for an implementation of ITA in a field environment. Leaks, air pockets and discrete blockages with defined characteristics are introduced into two single branch field pipelines in a "controlled manner" and their effects on an induced transient are measured. ITA is used, in some instances, to detect the introduced phenomena. To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first time transient analysis has been applied to the detection of air pockets and blockages. Findings are made regarding the sensitivity of each type of pipeline phenomena to detection and, where possible, ITA is also used to locate and size leaks and air pockets.
Reduktionen von Estern mit Phenol und Natrium (1961)

Abstract Während Aminosäureester mit ungeschützter Aminogruppe bei der Reduktion nach B OUVEAULT die Aminoalkohole nur mit unbefriedigenden Ausbeuten liefern, wurden durch Reduktion mit Phenol (gelöst in Äthanol) und Natrium Ausbeuten von 50–60% erhalten. Diese Methode eignet sich auch für die Reduktion aromatischer Ester, wobei sich noch ein kleiner Zusatz von Chinolin oder Tetrahydrochinolin bewährt.
High Throughput Micro-Well Generation of Hepatocyte Micro-Aggregates for Tissue Engineering (2014)

The main challenge in hepatic tissue engineering is the fast dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro. One successful approach to maintain hepatocyte phenotype on the longer term is the cultivation of cells as aggregates. This paper demonstrates the use of an agarose micro-well chip for the high throughput generation of hepatocyte aggregates, uniform in size. In our study we observed that aggregation of hepatocytes had a beneficial effect on the expression of certain hepatocyte specific markers. Moreover we observed that the beneficial effect was dependent on the aggregate dimensions, indicating that aggregate parameters should be carefully considered. In a second part of the study, the selected aggregates were immobilized by encapsulation in methacrylamide-modified gelatin. Phenotype evaluations revealed that a stable hepatocyte phenotype could be maintained during 21 days when encapsulated in the hydrogel. In conclusion we have demonstrated the beneficial use of micro-well chips for hepatocyte aggregation and the size-dependent effects on hepatocyte phenotype. We also pointed out that methacrylamide-modified gelatin is suitable for the encapsulation of these aggregates.
Efficient Huber-Markov Edge-Preserving Image Restoration (2006)

The regularization of the least-squares criterion is an effective approach in image restoration to reduce noise amplification. To avoid the smoothing of edges, edge-preserving regularization using a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) model is often used to allow realistic edge modeling and provide stable maximum a posteriori (MAP) solutions. However, this approach is computationally demanding because the introduction of a non-Gaussian image prior makes the restoration problem shift-variant. In this case, a direct solution using fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) is not possible, even when the blurring is shift-invariant. We consider a class of edge-preserving GMRF functions that are convex and have nonquadratic regions that impose less smoothing on edges. We propose a decomposition-enabled edge-preserving image restoration algorithm for maximizing the likelihood function. By decomposing the problem into two subproblems, with one shift-invariant and the other shift-variant, our algorithm exploits the sparsity of edges to define an FFT-based iteration that requires few iterations and is guaranteed to converge to the MAP estimate.
PAPR analysis for multi-band OFDM signals (2005)

The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) statistics in a multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) system, which is being considered as a possible candidate for the IEEE 802.15 high rate alternative PHY, is analysed. In the MB-OFDM system, high PAPR is introduced by a conjugate symmetric input to inverse fast Fourier transform. To alleviate this problem, the selective mapping and partial transmit sequence are introduced for the MB-OFDM signals and the performance comparisons between two methods are discussed.
A general method for deflection worm routing on meshes based on packet routing algorithms (1997)

In this paper, we consider the deflection worm routing problem on n/spl times/n meshes. In deflection routing, a message cannot be queued and it is always moving until it reaches its destination. In worm routing, the message is considered to be a worm, a sequence of k flits which, during the routing, follow the head of the worm, which knows the destination address. We show how to derive a deflection worm routing algorithm from a packet routing algorithm which uses queues of size O(f(N))(N is the side-length of the mesh in which the packet routing algorithm is applied). Our result generalizes the method of Newman and Schuster in which only packet routing algorithms with a maximum queue of four packets can be used.
Water toxicity detection by a panel of stress‐responsive luminescent bacteria (2004)

A panel of Escherichia coli strains harbouring different stress-responsive promoters fused to a lux reporter system was used to assess the potential toxicity of 17 unknown model water samples. Using liquid cultures, nine out of 14 toxic samples were properly identified as toxic, whereas five were false negatives. All three non-toxic controls were identified correctly (no false positives). Two strains containing promoter-lux fusions were also tested when immobilized onto fibre-optic tips. One genotoxic sample and six toxic samples were correctly identified in this manner. The potential advantages and limitations in the use of genetically engineered bacteria as biosensors for water toxicity are discussed in view of these results.