gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consequences of uncontrolled calcium entry and its prevention with calcium antagonists (1983)

Heart muscle fibres always undergo severe functional and structural alterations, finally resulting in necrotization, if free extracellular Ca2+ ions penetrate abundantly through the sarcolemma membrane into the myoplasm, so that the capacities of the Ca2+ binding or extrusion processes become overpowered. The crucial reaction consists of high-energy phosphate exhaustion which is brought about (a) by excessive activation of Ca2+-dependent intracellular ATPases, and (b) by Ca2+-induced impairment of the mitochondria. Intracellular Ca2+ overload proved to the common denominator in the pathogenesis of severe myocardial fibre injury and death produced under the following circumstances: Overdoses of beta-adrenergic catecholamines, dihydrotachysterol or vitamin D3, alimentary K+ or Mg2+ deficiency, hereditary cardiomyopathy of Syrian hamsters. Moreover, intracellular Ca2+ overload develops in the course of myocardial hypoxia or ischaemia thus causing additional precipitous damage of the mitochrondria. Following our first observations made in 1968, it has turned out that in all these cases, Ca2+ antagonists are capable of protecting myocardial cell integrity in that they prevent excessive transmembrane Ca2+ uptake. This is also true of the Ca2+ paradox: Ca2+ antagonists possibly inhibit the development of sarcolemmal leaks in the Ca2+-deprived myocardium. However, it is more likely that Ca2+ antagonists restrict the exaggerated influx of Ca2+ through these leaks, when the Ca+-deprived myocardial fibres return to a normal Ca2+-containing medium.
Addition of aliphatic amines to montmorillonite to improve its adsorption capacity for organic pollutants in aqueous solution (1981)

Adsorption is one of the prominent separation techniques used in the treatment of wastewaters containing soluble organics. Activated carbon has been employed almost exclusively in adsorbing the 129 priority pollutants, as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), from water and wastewater. Synthetic resins have recently begun to receive attention, but are derived from energy related sources, as is activated carbon. A few clays have been considered for use as adsorbents, but in nearly all cases the clays were used in their natural state. This research has explored the addition of the chloride salts of propylamine, dodecylamine, and dodecyldiamine to sodium montmorillonite (a smectite) in an attempt to im­ prove its adsorptive capacity for removing organics from water and waste­ water. X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, were used to determine the interaction between montmorillonite and the alkylammonium salts. Replacement of exchangeable cations on the interlamellar surface of montmorillonite with alkylammonium ions has been shown by several researchers to permit ready intercalation of a wide variety of polar and nonpolar organic species. Adsorption isotherms con­ ducted with acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, butanol, chloroform, dimethyIphthalate, hexanol, nitrobenzene, octanol, phenol, and toluene as the solutes showed some indication of intercalation of these eleven organic compounds. Intercalation of these compounds at low organic solution con­ centrations, 100 and 1,000 milligrams per liter, was found within the
A Simple Water‐Based Synthesis of Au Nanoparticle/PDMS Composites for Water Purification and Targeted Drug Release (2010)

Abstract AuNP/PDMS nanocomposites have been synthesized in the form of gels, foams, and films with distinctive structure and morphology. A simple in situ process in aqueous medium for the formation of such composite materials is described. The nanoparticles are held firmly within the PDMS while still being chemically accessible to substances soluble in PDMS. We demonstrate the utility of this property for water purification applications such as removing aromatic solvents and sulfur‐containing contaminants from water. The contaminants can be freed from the composite with a simple thermal treatment, allowing the material to be reused. We also demonstrate chemically selective uptake and release of a fluorescent dye by the nanocomposite as a drug delivery model system. magnified image
Navstar/Global Positioning System 18-Satellite Constellations (1980)

The original baseline constellation for the Navstar/Global Positioning System consisted of 24 satellites. This would provide continuous world-wide three-dimensional navigation, and it would insure an accurate navigation solution 100 percent of the time at any location on earth. As a cost-saving measure, the Air Force has now been directed to develop Navstar/GPS with an 18-satellite constellation scheduled to be operational in 1987. This results in a constellation which will cause Navstar users to experience occasional outages of the system. Studies have been performed of various alternative 18-satellite constellations with the goal being to minimize the impact of outages on the Navstar user. Until recently, it has been generally accepted that with 6 satellites in each of the 3 orbit planes, the best arrangement would be to have the satellites spaced uniformly 60 deg apart. Studies by The Aerospace Corporation have shown that this is not true. A three-plane non-uniform arrangement has been found to provide far superior performance from the point of view of minimizing outages. Still another approach is to have 18 separate orbit planes, one for each satellite, which also provides superior performance. This paper discusses the difficulties inherent with the uniform 3-orbit-plane constellation and how these difficulties are in large measure overcome by the adoption of an alternate arrangement of the 18 satellites.
Crystal Structure of Adenosine 5‘-Phosphosulfate Kinase from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i><sup>,</sup> (2000)

Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) kinase catalyzes the second reaction in the two-step conversion of inorganic sulfate to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). This report presents the 2.0 A resolution crystal structure of ligand-free APS kinase from the filamentous fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum. The enzyme crystallized as a homodimer with each subunit folded into a classic kinase motif consisting of a twisted, parallel beta-sheet sandwiched between two alpha-helical bundles. The Walker A motif, (32)GLSASGKS(39), formed the predicted P-loop structure. Superposition of the APS kinase active site region onto several other P-loop-containing proteins revealed that the conserved aspartate residue that usually interacts with the Mg(2+) coordination sphere of MgATP is absent in APS kinase. However, upon MgATP binding, a different aspartate, Asp 61, could shift and bind to the Mg(2+). The sequence (156)KAREGVIKEFT(166), which has been suggested to be a (P)APS motif, is located in a highly protease-susceptible loop that is disordered in both subunits of the free enzyme. MgATP or MgADP protects against proteolysis; APS alone has no effect but augments the protection provided by MgADP. The results suggest that the loop lacks a fixed structure until MgATP or MgADP is bound. The subsequent conformational change together with the potential change promoted by the interaction of MgATP with Asp 61 may define the APS binding site. This model is consistent with the obligatory ordered substrate binding sequence (MgATP or MgADP before APS) as established from steady state kinetics and equilibrium binding studies.
Preclinical studies using Nativis Voyager RFE System, a novel non-invasive, low energy, non-thermal, non-ionizing radiofrequency energy (RFE) device in glioblastoma mouse models. (2015)

e13050 Background: Cancer treatment using radiofrequency energy (RFE) devices have been used in the past and have recently shown benefit in clinical trials of glioblastoma. Here we report a proof-of-concept application using the Nativis Voyager RFE System, which provides specific, low energy, non-invasive, non-thermal and non-ionizing oscillating electromagnetic signals. These signals inhibit in vitro glioblastoma tumor cell proliferation via an anti-mitotic effect. Methods: We tested the ability of Voyager RFE System signals to inhibit tumor growth in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mouse models. The immunocompetent model study, using white noise signal compared to control showed no difference in growth in the two groups. After establishing this, in the immunocompromised model, we implanted human U87 cells subcutaneously into 6-8 week old nude mice. In the immunocompetent model, we implanted mouse GL261 cells subcutaneously into 6-8 week old C57/BL6 mice. Voyager RFE signal was started ~10-14 days after cells were implanted, when there were small, measurable tumors. There were two treatment groups (N = 10 tumors each group). The control group was housed in a separate room and was not treated with any RFE signal. The treatment group was treated with Voyager RFE signal 24 hours daily. Voyager RFE signal was applied using a rectangular 40mG coil placed under the cage. Tumors were measured ~weekly. Results: In the immunocompromised U87 model, tumor growth was significantly delayed in Voyager RFE signal group compared to control group (at day 39; p < 0.0001). Moreover, in the immunocompetent GL261 model, tumor growth was significantly delayed in Voyager RFE signal group compared to control group (at day 28; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We show that Nativis Voyager RFE System signal delays glioblastoma tumor growth in SQ immunocompromised and immunocompetent mouse models.
Polymer hot-carrier transistor with low bandgap emitter (2008)

Vertical polymer hot-carrier transistor using the low bandgap material poly(3-hexylthiophene) as both the emitter and the collector are studied. The common emitter current gain is shown to depend on the LiF thickness and the emitter thickness, with maximal value at 31. Current density as high as 31mA∕cm2 is achieved when collector voltage is −10V. For the device using blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and high bandgap polymer poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as the emitter, the current density rises sharply to 428mA∕cm2. The brightness of 3000cd∕m2 is obtained as a polymer light-emitting diode is driven by the transistor with the same area. The transistor can be operated at 100kHz.
Advances in the design of Jaumann absorbers (1990)

The authors consider electric screens with the material spacers assumed homogeneous, nonmagnetic, lossless, commensurate, and isotropic. Normal incidence is assumed. Such an N-layered structure may be modeled as a transmission line network. The unknowns are the N spacer characteristic impedances and the N sheet surface resistivities. All are normalized by the free-space impedance. The maximally flat solution of Fante and McCormack (1988) is extended to any number of layers, with proven solvability up to 20 layers. An equiripple solution, which, for a given number of layers and specified maximum reflection coefficient, exhibits a wider bandwidth than the corresponding maximally flat solution, is described. The sheet resistivity spread is also much narrower, thus increasing realizability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Situação do exercício da enfermagem nos hospitais do Paraná (1991)

Baseadas em dados disponíveis no Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Paraná, as autoras apresentam características relativas ao número e qualificação da equipe de enfermagem que atua nos hospitais do Estado, comparando-os com parâmetros previamente estabelecidos. Analisam-se também situação referente as áreas críticas, como: UTI, Pronto Socorro, Centro Obstétrico, Centro Cirúrgico e Supervisão Noturna.
Constituents from the Leaves of <i>Phellodendron </i><i>a</i><i>murense </i>var<i>. </i><i>w</i><i>ilsonii</i> and Their Bioactivity (2003)

Two new dihydroflavonols, phellodensin-A (1) and phellodensin-C (2); three new coumarins, phellodenol-A (3), phellodenol-B (4), and phellodenol-C (5); one new chlorophyll, phellophyll-a (6); and one new phenyllactate, (2R)-sodium 3-phenyllactate (7), in addition to 35 known compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense var. wilsonii. The structures of the new compounds were established based on 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectral analyses. The stereochemistry at the C-2, C-3, and C-2' ' positions of new dihydroflavonol 1 was determined by CD spectroscopy. The known compounds were identified by comparison with authentic samples. The antioxidant and antityrosinase activities were also described.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Sensors for Strain Sensing Applications (2021)

The use of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based sensors for strain-strain applications is showcased in this paper. Extensive use of MWCNTs has been done for the fabrication and implementation of flexible sensors due to their enhanced electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. These nanotubes have been deployed both in pure and composite forms for obtaining highly efficient sensors in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and longevity. Among the wide range of applications that MWCNTs have been exploited for, strain-sensing has been one of the most popular ones due to the high mechanical flexibility of these carbon allotropes. The MWCNT-based sensors have been able to deduce a broad spectrum of macro- and micro-scaled tensions through structural changes. This paper highlights some of the well-approved conjugations of MWCNTs with different kinds of polymers and other conductive nanomaterials to form the electrodes of the strain sensors. It also underlines some of the measures that can be taken in the future to improve the quality of these MWCNT-based sensors for strain-related applications.
Thermodynamic availability analysis for maximizing a system's efficiency (1988)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether wearing lower-body compression garments attenuate indices of muscle damage and decrements in performance following drop-jump training. Seven trained female and four trained male subjects undertook blood collection for creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a mid-thigh girth measurement, and reported their perceived muscle soreness (PMS). A series of performance tests were then completed including sprints (5 m, 10 m, and 20 m), a 5-0-5 agility test, and a countermovement jump test. In a randomized crossover experimental design, separated by 1 week, subjects completed 5 x 20 maximal drop-jumps, followed immediately after exercise by either wearing graduated compression tights (CG) or undertook passive recovery as a control (CON) for 48 hours. CK, LDH, mid-thigh girth, and PMS were retested after 24 hours and 48 hours of recovery. The performance tests were repeated after 48 hours of recovery. Analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated that for female subjects, CK values were elevated after 24-hour recovery (p = 0.020) and a greater PMS was observed after 48-hour recovery in the CON condition (p = 0.002) but not for the CG condition. For all the subjects (n = 11), a greater PMS was observed after 48-hour recovery in the CON condition (p = 0.001) but not the CG condition. Significant increases in time were reported for 10-m (p = 0.016, 0.004) and 20-m sprints (p = 0.004, 0.001) in both the CON and CG conditions and for the 5-m sprint (p = 0.014) in the CG condition. All other parameters were unchanged in either condition. Data indicates that CK responses and PMS might be attenuated by wearing compression tights in some participants after drop-jump training; however, no benefit in performance was observed.
Discriminative Weight Training for a Statistical Model-Based Voice Activity Detection (2008)

In this letter, we apply a discriminative weight training to a statistical model-based voice activity detection (VAD). In our approach, the VAD decision rule is expressed as the geometric mean of optimally weighted likelihood ratios (LRs) based on a minimum classification error (MCE) method. That approach is different from that of previous works in that different weights are assigned to each frequency bin and is considered to be more realistic. According to the experimental results, the proposed approach is found to be effective for the statistical model-based VAD using the LR test.
The natural history of meniscal tears in anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency (1993)

We reviewed the meniscal status of 176 consecutive patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction acutely (less than 6 weeks from injury), subchronically (6 weeks to 12 months from injury), and chronically (more than 12 months from injury). The commonest tear was the single longitudinal vertical split of the medial meniscus. There was an increasing incidence of meniscal tears as the injury became more chronic, with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in medial meniscal tears; the incidence of lateral meniscal tears remained relatively constant. Seventy-five (43%) of the patients had one or both menisci repaired. Acutely, repair was performed more frequently on the medial meniscus than the lateral (80% versus 24%, respectively). All repaired menisci had single longitudinal tears unstable to probing. The incidence of repair dropped to 46% in the medial meniscus and 14% in the lateral meniscus in the chronic stage. Nineteen (25%) of these 75 patients (26 menisci) underwent a check arthroscopy at a minimum of 6 months from repair. All 21 medial menisci and all 5 lateral meniscal tears had healed; however, 1 lateral meniscus had torn along the line of the sutures. At an average followup of 40 months, 92% of the repaired menisci were still in situ and 8% that had required resection were related to the recurrence of anterior cruciate ligament instability. This study highlights the increasing incidence of meniscal injury in chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency with the meniscal tears becoming more complex and therefore less amenable to suture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asymmetric Three‐ and [2 + 1]‐Component Conjugate Addition Reactions for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Piperidinones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Genotype-phenotype study in an FSHD family with a proximal deletion encompassing p13E-11 and D4Z4 (2007)

Despite the length of the proximal deletion in this family, the range and severity of the clinical manifestations are typical for the disorder. Because such deletions can lead to misinterpretation in the diagnostic setting, this suggests the need for additional diagnostic tests in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
A fully monolithic 4-18 GHz digital vector modulator (2002)

A fully monolithic vector modulator covering the entire 4-18 GHz band and featuring independent direct digital control of amplitude and phase is presented. The modulator output amplitude can be varied over a 25-dB range with 32 steps of resolution and the phase can be independently varied over 360 degrees with 32 steps. The vector modulator chip set consists of a miniaturized 5-b MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) phase shifter and a 5-b MMIC segmented dual-gate distributed variable-gain amplifier-attenuator. The chips are assembled on a carrier measuring less than 0.4 in *0.5 in and require no supporting RF-hybrid hybrid or DAC (digital-to-analog converter) circuitry. The vector modulator demonstrates state-of-the-art performance with ultrawide (instantaneous) bandwidth, high uncorrected accuracy and resolution, and direct digital control with a potential transition time of a few nanoseconds. In addition, the individual MMIC chip performance is the best reported to date for ultrawide bandwidth phase and amplitude control functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temperature controlled grafted polymer network incorporated with magnetic nano particles to control drug release induced by an external magnetothermal trigger (2007)

A thermosensitive grafted polymeric system which can be triggered to release the loaded drug with an increase in temperature, induced by a magnetic thermal heating event was developed. The desirable carrier will have minimal release at 37 °C so that the system can be localized (e.g., to cancer cells) prior to activation of the delivery of medication. The grafted hydrogel system is shown to exhibit a desirable positive thermal response with an increased drug diffusion coefficient for temperatures higher than physiological temperature.
Diagnostic yield of quantitative endotracheal aspirates in patients with severe nursing home-acquired pneumonia (2007)

QEA may be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the presence of pneumonia in ventilated patients admitted from nursing homes when bronchoscopic procedures are not feasible or available.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Best-M Feedback for OFDMA Systems (2012)

In this paper, the best-M feedback, where each user reports the channel quality indicators (CQIs) on its M best resource blocks (RBs), for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems is analyzed and optimized. First, the closed-form expression of the average sum-rate is derived as a function of M and the number of bits for a signal to noise ratio (SNR) quantization B. Then, M and B are jointly optimized to minimize the feedback overhead such that the desired system performance can be achieved. Numerical results confirm that the proposed analysis is quite well matched to the exact result so that our work is useful to optimize M and B instead of time-consuming computer simulations, and that the required feedback overhead to achieve a given performance decreases as the number of users and the average SNR increase.
Comparison of the Disinfection Effects of Vacuum‐UV (VUV) and UV Light on <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores in Aqueous Suspensions at 172, 222 and 254 nm (2009)

The efficacy of UV and vacuum-UV (VUV) disinfection of Bacillus subtilis spores in aqueous suspensions at wavelengths of 172, 222 and 254 nm was evaluated. A Xe(2)* excilamp, a KrCl* excilamp and a low-pressure mercury lamp were used as almost monochromatic light sources at these three wavelengths. The first-order inactivation rate constants at 172, 222 and 254 nm were 0.0023, 0.122 and 0.069 cm(2) mJ(-1), respectively. Therefore, a 2 log reduction of B. subtilis spores was reached with fluences (UV doses) of 870, 21.6 and 40.4 mJ cm(-2) at these individual wavelengths. Consequently, for the inactivation of B. subtilis spores, VUV exposure at 172 nm is much less efficient than exposure at the other two wavelengths, while exposure at 222 nm is more efficient than that at 254 nm, which is probably because triplet energy transfer from DPA to thymine bases at 222 nm is higher than that at 254 nm. This research indicated quantitatively that VUV light is not practicable for microorganism disinfection in water and wastewater treatment. However, in comparison with other advanced oxidation processes (e.g. UV/TiO(2), UV/H(2)O(2) or O(3)/H(2)O(2)) the VUV-initiated photolysis of water is likely more efficient in generating hydroxyl radicals and more effective for the inactivation of microorganisms.
Measured microwave power performance of AlGaN/GaN MODFET (1996)

We report the first microwave power measurement on GaN FET's. At 2 GHz, a class A output power density of 1.1 W/mm with a power added efficiency of 18.6% was obtained on a 1 μm gate-length AlGaN/GaN MODFET. Mathematical simulation estimated that the transistor was operating at a channel temperature of 360/spl deg/C as a result of the poor thermal conductivity of the sapphire substrate. Despite this serious heating problem, the power output density still rivals GaAs MESFET's.