gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Modified RC Snubber With Coupled Inductor for Active Voltage Balancing of Series-Connected SiC MOSFETs (2021)

Series connection of SiC power MOSFET is an attractive approach to expand the blocking voltage of SiC devices, whereas the dynamic voltage balancing among the series-connected devices is the most critical challenge of the technique. In this article, a simple, fast, and cost-effective dynamic voltage balancing circuit of the series-connected SiC MOSFETs is proposed to suppress the voltage imbalance among the devices. The proposed circuit is composed of a resistor-capacitor (RC) snubber with a coupled inductor to effectively sense the voltage imbalance and add a compensated signal to the gate driving voltage. In the article, the operation principle of the proposed method is described in detail and the parameter selection of the circuit is given. Then the optimized layout of the circuit in a typical half-bridge SiC power module is proposed to reduce the stray parameters introduced by the coupled inductor effectively. The proposed method is verified by experiments under different conditions. Compared with a purely RC snubber balancing strategy, the capacitor can be significantly reduced. Since only passive components are required in the feedback loop, the proposed method demonstrates a reliable and straightforward approach to achieve equal voltage sharing of the series-connected devices.
A variant epidermal growth factor receptor exhibits altered type alpha transforming growth factor binding and transmembrane signaling. (1994)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and type alpha transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha) bind to a specific region in subdomain III of the extracellular portion of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Binding leads to receptor dimerization, auto-and transphosphorylation on intracellular tyrosine residues, and activation of signal transduction pathways. We compared the binding and biological actions of EGF and TGF-alpha in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing either wild-type human EGFR (HER497R) or a variant EGFR that has an arginine-to-lysine substitution in the extracellular domain at codon 497 (HER497K) within subdomain IV of EGFR. Both receptors exhibited two orders of binding sites with radioiodinated EGF (125I-EGF). Similar results were obtained with 125I-TGF-alpha in cells expressing HER497R. In contrast, only one order of low-affinity binding sites was seen with 125I-TGF-alpha in the case of HER497K. Although EGF and TGF-alpha enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptors, CHO cells expressing HER497K exhibited an attenuated growth response to EGF and TGF-alpha and a reduced induction of the protooncogenes FOS, JUN, and MYC. Moreover, high concentrations of TGF-alpha (5 nM) inhibited growth in these cells but not in cells expressing HER497R. These findings indicate that a region in subdomain IV of EGFR regulates signal transduction across the cell membrane and selectively modulates that binding characteristics of TGF-alpha.
283. The preparation of di- and tri-tertiary phosphines (1962)

W. Hewertson and H. R. Watson, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 1490 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620001490
The effects of insulin on the milk production of pasture-fed Jersey cows (2003)

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of insulin on milk protein production in lactating, pasturefed dairy cows. Five lactating rumen-fistulated Jersey cows were subjected to a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (HEC) with and without an abomasal infusion of casein (310g/d) in a two period cross-over design experiment. The HEC significantly reduced milk yield in the control cows compared to casein-infused cows (9.9 ± 0.5 vs 13.2 ± 0.5 kg/ d, P<0.001). Milk protein yield was significantly higher in the casein-infused cows compared to the control cows (482 ± 16 vs 421 ± 16 g/d, P<0.05). The HEC significantly reduced milk protein yield in the control cows compared to casein-infused cows (311 ± 16 vs 459 ± 16 g/d, P<0.001). The use of the HEC technique in pasture-fed cows did not result in the milk protein response reported in concentrate-fed cows.
Doubly and triply bridged polyoxapolyazaheterophanes derived from 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDoubly and triply bridged polyoxapolyazaheterophanes derived from 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazinePier Lucio Anelli, Ludovico Lunazzi, Fernando Montanari, and Silvio QuiciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 22, 4197–4203Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00196a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00196a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views873Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the sperm surface protein PH-20 as an antigen for a contraceptive vaccine (1994)

The guinea pig sperm surface protein PH-20 has an essential function in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida of guinea pig eggs, fully achieved by immunizing either male or female guinea pigs with purified guinea pig PH-20 (Primakoff, P., Lathrop, W. F., Woolman, L., Cowan, A. & D. G. Myles (1988) Nature 335, 543-546). The isolation of human and cynomolgus monkey PH-20 cDNAs presented in this thesis is a key step toward testing the function of primate PH-20 and the contraceptive efficacy of PH-20 immunization in primates. The deduced amino acid sequence of human PH-20 has 509 residues and is 59% identical with guinea pig PH-20, suggesting they may have a conserved function and immunogenicity. Southern blots show that there is a single PH-20 gene in the human genome and Northern blots of human testis poly(A)$\\sp+$ RNA show a 2.4kb message. Northern blots of tissues other than testis are negative for PH-20 indicating that human PH-20 is testis-specific.^ A typical mammalian egg is surrounded by an outer layer of about 3000 cumulus cells embedded in an extracellular matrix rich in hyaluronic acid. A current, widely proposed model is that the fertilizing sperm, while it is acrosome intact, passes through the cumulus cell layer and binds to the egg zona pellucida. This current model lacks a well-supported explanation for how sperm penetrate the cumulus layer. My thesis prevent the evidence that the sperm protein PH-20 has a hyaluronidase activity and is present on the plasma membrane of mouse and human sperm. Brief treatment with recombinant, purified PH-20 can release all the cumulus cells surrounding mouse eggs. Acrosome intact mouse sperm incubated with anti-PH-20 antibodies can not pass through the cumulus layer and thus can not reach the zona pellucida. These results, indicating that PH-20 enables acrosome intact sperm to penetrate the cumulus barrier, reveal a mechanism for cumulus penetration and thus provide the missing element in the current model. ^
Feasibility of a large area x‐ray sensitive vidicon for medical fluoroscopy: Resolution and lag factors (1997)

A large area x-ray-sensitive vidicon utilizing amorphous selenium (a-Se) is being investigated as an alternative to the x-ray image intensifier and television camera combination (XRII/TV) for medical fluoroscopy. The x-ray vidicon is, to a first approximation, a scaled up version of the 1" (2.54 cm) light-sensitive vidicon. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of an x-ray vidicon is mainly determined by the number of lines used, the beam spot profile, and the electronic bandwidth. The x-ray vidicon is expected to have roughly the same MTF as the 1" vidicon from a XRII/TV system referenced to the x-ray input and as such will be superior to the MTF of the complete XRII/TV system especially in high resolution applications such as cardiac cine. Beam discharge lag is expected to be approximately the same as in the 1" vidicon since they have comparable photoconductor layer capacitance. Photoconductive lag is also expected to be low since a-Se is known to have a low trap density.
Expansion of medical vocabularies using distributional semantics on Japanese patient blogs (2016)

Different settings for corpus pre-processing, window sizes and cluster sizes were suitable for different semantic categories and for different lengths of candidate lists, showing the need to adapt parameters, not only to the language and text genre used, but also to the semantic category for which the vocabulary is to be expanded. The results show, however, that the investigated choices for pre-processing and parameter settings were successful, and that a Japanese blog corpus, which in many ways differs from those used in previous studies, can be a useful resource for medical vocabulary expansion.
Action Recognition Using Mined Hierarchical Compound Features (2010)

The field of Action Recognition has seen a large increase in activity in recent years. Much of the progress has been through incorporating ideas from single-frame object recognition and adapting them for temporal-based action recognition. Inspired by the success of interest points in the 2D spatial domain, their 3D (space-time) counterparts typically form the basic components used to describe actions, and in action recognition the features used are often engineered to fire sparsely. This is to ensure that the problem is tractable; however, this can sacrifice recognition accuracy as it cannot be assumed that the optimum features in terms of class discrimination are obtained from this approach. In contrast, we propose to initially use an overcomplete set of simple 2D corners in both space and time. These are grouped spatially and temporally using a hierarchical process, with an increasing search area. At each stage of the hierarchy, the most distinctive and descriptive features are learned efficiently through data mining. This allows large amounts of data to be searched for frequently reoccurring patterns of features. At each level of the hierarchy, the mined compound features become more complex, discriminative, and sparse. This results in fast, accurate recognition with real-time performance on high-resolution video. As the compound features are constructed and selected based upon their ability to discriminate, their speed and accuracy increase at each level of the hierarchy. The approach is tested on four state-of-the-art data sets, the popular KTH data set to provide a comparison with other state-of-the-art approaches, the Multi-KTH data set to illustrate performance at simultaneous multiaction classification, despite no explicit localization information provided during training. Finally, the recent Hollywood and Hollywood2 data sets provide challenging complex actions taken from commercial movie sequences. For all four data sets, the proposed hierarchical approach outperforms all other methods reported thus far in the literature and can achieve real-time operation.
What makes an orphan drug? (2010)

Nigel Hawkes and Deborah Cohen investigate claims that drug companies are making easy profits by licensing existing treatments for rare diseases
Plasma membrane microdomains: Organization, function and trafficking (Review) (2004)

The plasma membrane consists of a mosaic of functional microdomains facilitating a variety of physiological processes associated with the cell surface. In most cells, the majority of the cell surface is morphologically featureless, leading to difficulties in characterizing its organization and microdomain composition. The reliance on indirect and perturbing techniques has led to vigorous debate concerning the nature and even existence of some microdomains. Recently, increasing technical sophistication has been applied to study cell surface compartmentalization providing evidence for small, short-lived clusters that may be much less than 50 nm in diameter. Lipid rafts and caveolae are cholesterol-dependent, highly ordered microdomains that have received most attention in recent years, yet their precise roles in regulating functions such as cell signalling remain to be determined. Endocytosis of lipid rafts/caveolae follows a clathrin-independent route to both early endosomes and non-classical caveosomes. The observation that a variety of cellular pathogens localize to and internalize with these microdomains provides an additional incentive to characterize the organization, dynamics and functions of these domains.
Codon-usage bias versus gene conversion in the evolution of yeast duplicate genes (2006)

Many Saccharomyces cerevisiae duplicate genes that were derived from an ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) unexpectedly show a small synonymous divergence (K(S)), a higher sequence similarity to each other than to orthologues in Saccharomyces bayanus, or slow evolution compared with the orthologue in Kluyveromyces waltii, a non-WGD species. This decelerated evolution was attributed to gene conversion between duplicates. Using approximately 300 WGD gene pairs in four species and their orthologues in non-WGD species, we show that codon-usage bias and protein-sequence conservation are two important causes for decelerated evolution of duplicate genes, whereas gene conversion is effective only in the presence of strong codon-usage bias or protein-sequence conservation. Furthermore, we find that change in mutation pattern or in tDNA copy number changed codon-usage bias and increased the K(S) distance between K. waltii and S. cerevisiae. Intriguingly, some proteins showed fast evolution before the radiation of WGD species but little or no sequence divergence between orthologues and paralogues thereafter, indicating that functional conservation after the radiation may also be responsible for decelerated evolution in duplicates.
The relation between the lowering of the Piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using ground‐water storage (1935)

When a well is pumped or otherwise discharged, water‐levels in its neighborhood are lowered. Unless this lowering occurs instantaneously it represents a loss of storage, either by the un‐watering of a portion of the previously saturated sediments if the aquifer is nonartesian or by release of stored water by the compaction of the aquifer due to the lowered pressure if the aquifer is artesian. The mathematical theory of ground‐water hydraulics has been based, apparently entirely, on a postulate that equilibrium has been attained and therefore that water‐levels are no longer falling. In a great number of hydrologic problems, involving a well or pumping district near or in which water‐levels are falling, the current theory is therefore not strictly applicable. This paper investigates in part the nature and consequences of a mathematical theory that considers the motion of ground‐water before equilibrium is reached and, as a consequence, involves time as a variable.
Extension of the Stöber Method to Construct Mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> Shells for Uniform Multifunctional Core–Shell Structures (2012)

Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNs) have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in a wide range of fields. Recently, substantial efforts have been focused on the development of facile and versatile methods for preparing CSNs with mesoporous SiO(2) or TiO(2) shells because of their fascinating properties, such as high surface area, large pore channels and high pore volume. This Research News reviews the recent progress in facile, versatile and reproducible approaches which are simply extended from the well-known Stöber method to construct mesoporous SiO(2) and TiO(2) shells for uniform multifunctional core–shell nanostructures. Several strategies, including the surfactant-templating process, the long-chain organosilane-assisted approach, the phase transfer assisted surfactant-templating process, and the kinetics-controlled coating approach, are discussed. In addition, new trends in this field for the creation of multifunctional CSNs and novel nanostructures are highlighted.
Aromatic hydroxylation of some isoquinoline-type alkaloids (1977)

In this paper, a photonics-based architecture of a multi-band coherent radar system is proposed and validated. The precision and flexibility of photonic technologies are exploited for generating and detecting simultaneously multiple radar signals in an extremely wide frequency range. Moreover, the fully digital approach enables the software-defined radio paradigm, allowing the flexible use of several advanced radar techniques such as waveform diversity or frequency hopping. The proposed architecture is therefore promising for future radar systems that need to adapt to different scenarios for improved situation awareness. The proposed system exploits a single laser unit for the multiband transmitter and receiver sections, reducing the architectural complexity with potential benefits on system dimensions, cost, and reliability. This paper details the principle of operation of the proposed multi-band coherent radar system, and describes the implementation of a proof-of-concept dual-band transceiver operating in the X- and S-bands simultaneously and independently. The results from the characterization of the transceiver are presented. The system validation through the coherent detection of moving targets confirms the suitability of the proposed solution, laying the basis for a new paradigm of radar systems.
Overview of the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection (2011)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is recognized as the most common congenital viral infection in humans and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. This recognition of the clinical importance of invasive CMV disease in the setting of immunodeficiency and in children with congenital CMV infection has led to the development of new diagnostic procedures for the rapid identification of CMV. Diagnosis of acute maternal CMV infection by the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig)M and low-avidity IgG requires confirmation of fetal infection, which is typically performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for CMV on amniotic fluid. Viral culture of the urine and saliva obtained within the first two weeks of life continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis of congenitally-infected infants. PCR assays of dried blood spots from newborns have been shown to lack sufficient sensitivity for the identification of most neonates with congenital CMV infection for universal screening purposes. However, saliva PCR assays are currently being assessed as a useful screening method for congenital CMV infection. In the immunocompromised host, newer rapid diagnostic assays, such as phosphoprotein 65 antigenemia and CMV real-time PCR of blood or plasma have allowed for preemptive treatment, reducing morbidity and mortality. However, lack of standardized real-time PCR protocols hinders the comparison of data from different centers and the development of uniform guidelines for the management of invasive CMV infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Soluble Klotho Protects against Uremic Cardiomyopathy Independently of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Phosphate (2014)

Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in up to 95% of patients with CKD and increases their risk for cardiovascular death. In the kidney, full-length membranous Klotho forms the coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) to regulate phosphate metabolism. The prevailing view is that the decreased level of Klotho in CKD causes cardiomyopathy through increases in serum FGF23 and/or phosphate levels. However, we reported recently that soluble Klotho protects against cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting abnormal calcium signaling in the heart. Here, we tested whether this protective effect requires changes in FGF23 and/or phosphate levels. Heterozygous Klotho-deficient CKD mice exhibited aggravated cardiac hypertrophy compared with wild-type CKD mice. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed that Klotho-deficient CKD hearts had worse functional impairment than wild-type CKD hearts. Normalization of serum phosphate and FGF23 levels by dietary phosphate restriction did not abrogate the aggravated cardiac hypertrophy observed in Klotho-deficient CKD mice. Circulating levels of the cleaved soluble ectodomain of Klotho were lower in wild-type CKD mice than in control mice and even lower in Klotho-deficient CKD mice. Intravenous delivery of a transgene encoding soluble Klotho ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in Klotho-deficient CKD mice. These results suggest that the decreased level of circulating soluble Klotho in CKD is an important cause of uremic cardiomyopathy independent of FGF23 and phosphate, opening new avenues for treatment of this disease.
Excessive by-product formation: A key contributor to low isobutanol yields of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (2016)

It is theoretically possible to engineer <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains in which isobutanol is the predominant catabolic product and high-yielding isobutanol-producing strains are already reported by industry. Conversely, isobutanol yields of engineered <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains reported in the scientific literature typically remain far below 10% of the theoretical maximum. This study explores possible reasons for these suboptimal yields by a mass-balancing approach. A cytosolically located, cofactor-balanced isobutanol pathway, consisting of a mosaic of bacterial enzymes whose <i>in vivo</i> functionality was confirmed by complementation of null mutations in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, was expressed in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. Product formation by the engineered strain was analysed in shake flasks and bioreactors. In aerobic cultures, the pathway intermediate isobutyraldehyde was oxidized to isobutyrate rather than reduced to isobutanol. Moreover, significant concentrations of the pathway intermediates 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate and α-ketoisovalerate, as well as diacetyl and acetoin, accumulated extracellularly. While the engineered strain could not grow anaerobically, micro-aerobic cultivation resulted in isobutanol formation at a yield of 0.018±0.003 mol/mol glucose. Simultaneously, 2,3-butanediol was produced at a yield of 0.649±0.067 mol/mol glucose. These results identify massive accumulation of pathway intermediates, as well as overflow metabolites derived from acetolactate, as an important, previously underestimated contributor to the suboptimal yields of 'academic' isobutanol strains. The observed patterns of by-product formation is consistent with the notion that <i>in vivo</i> activity of the iron-sulphur-cluster-requiring enzyme dihydroxyacid dehydratase is a key bottleneck in the present and previously described 'academic' isobutanol-producing yeast strains.