gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Design of Self-Checking Checker for any m-Out-of-n Code (1978)

The use of self-checking checkers in the design of highly reliable systems has many significant advantages. It allows errors to be detected upon occurrence without testing, whether the error is caused by a permanent or intermittent fault. However, there are relatively few codes for which efficient self-checking checkers have been designed. In this paper we present procedures for designing efficient self-checking checkers for m-out-of-n codes (i.e., codes where each valid code word consists of m bits with value 1 and n – m bits with value 0). Codes for arbitrary values of m and n are considered. Realizations which require significantly less logic than previously known realizations are presented for all cases except n = 2m and m = 1. These checkers are totally self-checking for all single and unidirectional multiple stuck-type faults. They are also very easy to test compared with previously presented realizations. Saving in logic complexity and testing complexity of 70 to 97 percent is demonstrated.
Scintillation characteristics of 90%Lu LGSO with different decay times (2014)

High lutetium content LGSO [Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.8</sub> Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> :Ce] with decay time constants in the range 30-45 ns were introduced by Hitachi Chemical Ltd. (Japan) around 2006. At first an experimental development, mass production has now been established and mature 90%Lu LGSO scintillators with stable characteristics have become available. The aim of this work was to assess the scintillation characteristics of the current production of 90%Lu LGSO with different decay times using avalanche photodiode (APD) readout. Samples from the most recent production of Fast (~30 ns), Standard (~40 ns) and Slow (~47 ns) 90%Lu LGSO (manufactured in 2013), extracted from top, middle and bottom positions into the ingots, have been studied. The decay time and central emission wavelength results demonstrate good agreement for samples of the same ingot, irrespective of the position where the sample was obtained. The photoelectron yields of the most recent Slow, Standard and Fast LGSO scintillators show good uniformity. Their average photoelectron yields are respectively 34 000 ± 1 000 phe/MeV, 31 200 ± 500 phe/MeV and 28 000 ± 2 000 phe/MeV without any definite trend or bias with respect to position in ingots. The average energy resolution of Slow is 10 ± 2% whereas Standard and Fast LGSO samples have identical energy resolution of 11 ± 3%. The light yield non-proportionality as a function of irradiation energy was investigated. At 60 keV, the departure from linearity is 16 ± 4% for Slow and Standard LGSO and 15 ± 1% for Fast LGSO.
Traffic and λ grooming (2003)

The article gives an overview of traffic grooming and lambda grooming in multilayer networks, and discusses the advantages and drawbacks of these methods as well as applications and future alternative directions.
A new neural-dynamic control method of position and angular stabilization for autonomous quadrotor UAVs (2016)

Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used or have great potential applications in military, entertainment, postal delivery, agriculture for working aloft, photographing, etc. The position and angular stabilization of quadrotor UAVs is very significant and it is a challenging work because of the nonlinear dynamic behavior. In this paper, a neural dynamic method based control system is designed and investigated by combination of Zhang dynamics and gradient dynamic (ZD-GD) methods. Quadrotor UAVs equipped with the ZD-GD controllers can realize position and angular stabilization autonomously. Computer simulation results substantiate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed neural dynamic method based ZD-GD controllers. Besides, the performance of the controllers can be remarkably advanced.
A further study of the comparison of capacities and high resistances by the neon lamp (1925)

The method of comparison of capacities and high resistances, given in a previous issue of this Journal, is considered in the light of recent work on the constants of neon lamps, and the effect of external ionizing agents on the period of "flashing" is discussed. An alternative position of the capacity across the circuit resistance and its application to the capacity and resistance comparisons are considered.
A vision-based AR registration method utilizing edges and vertices of 3D model (2005)

The most important issue in AR (Augmented Reality) is accurate geometric registration between real world and virtual objects. We propose a hybrid registration method utilizing the edges and the vertices of a 3D model of the target object. We estimate camera position and orientation by detecting the vertices and true edges every frames. The influence of the misleading edges is reduced by considering multiple edge candidates and selecting the best one from them. Furthermore the magnetic sensor or a set of the artificial vision markers as a tool to obtain approximate camera position and orientation are also used when the tracking object goes out of the user's view point or the camera movement is too fast to track natural features. By considering multiple edge candidates and utilizing a magnetic sensor or vision markers, the accuracy of registration and the robustness of rapid camera movement can be improved.
Eye movements - On-line measurement, analysis, and control (1976)

The paper outlines the plans and progress related to the development of a Programmed Eye-track Recording System and Eye-coupled Ubiquitous Scene-generator known by the acronym PERSEUS. Particular attention is given to the design and implementation of a computer-based real-time eye-tracking system with associated digital scenic display capability. The accurate eye-tracker developed by Cornsweet and Crane (1973) is selected for this purpose. The discussion covers automatic detection of fixations and saccades, automatic scanpath analysis, fixation-conditional stimulation, and digital scene generation. The all-digital approach to scenic simulation not only eliminates the camera optics and electromechanical servomechanisms of TV-model systems of simulation but also opens the way to the virtually unlimited sequencing of data-base contents and perspectives thereof.
Motor Cortical Activity During Drawing Movements: Population Representation During Spiral Tracing (1999)

Monkeys traced spirals on a planar surface as unitary activity was recorded from either premotor or primary motor cortex. Using the population vector algorithm, the hand's trajectory could be accurately visualized with the cortical activity throughout the task. The time interval between this prediction and the corresponding movement varied linearly with the instantaneous radius of curvature; the prediction interval was longer when the path of the finger was more curved (smaller radius). The intervals in the premotor cortex fell into two groups, whereas those in the primary motor cortex formed a single group. This suggests that the change in prediction interval is a property of a single population in primary motor cortex, with the possibility that this outcome is due to the different properties generated by the simultaneous action of separate subpopulations in premotor cortex. Electromyographic (EMG) activity and joint kinematics were also measured in this task. These parameters varied harmonically throughout the task with many of the same characteristics as those of single cortical cells. Neither the lags between joint-angular velocities and hand velocity nor the lags between EMG and hand velocity could explain the changes in prediction interval between cortical activity and hand velocity. The simple spatial and temporal relationship between cortical activity and finger trajectory suggests that the figural aspects of this task are major components of cortical activity.
Random regression models for multicenter clinical trials data. (1991)

A random-effects regression model is proposed for the analysis of data arising from multicenter clinical trials. Advantages of the random regression model (RRM) in this context include that it allows for varying numbers of subjects within the different centers, it can assess the influence of variables measured both at the level of the subject and at the level of the center on the subject's clinical outcome, and it controls for and estimates the amount of intracenter variation that is present in the data. An example utilizing data collected in the National Institute of Mental Health schizophrenia collaborative study, where subjects were clustered within nine centers, illustrates the usefulness of the statistical model. Other applications and extensions of RRM within a psychiatric framework are discussed.
Serum Inhibin Concentrations Rise Throughout Normal Male and Female Puberty* (1988)

Using a newly developed, sensitive, and specific RIA, we measured the serum concentrations of inhibin, together with those of FSH, LH, and sex steroids, throughout puberty in 99 boys and 102 girls attending a suburban Melbourne school. Serum inhibin levels rose from a geometric mean level of 161 U/L (range, 87-310; 67% confidence interval) at stage I puberty in boys to 442 U/L (range, 300-626) at stage V, while corresponding values in girls were 97 U/L (range, 46-204) and 231 U/L (range, 187-372), respectively. Serum inhibin concentrations were strongly correlated with age and serum FSH, LH, testosterone, and estradiol; all hormones increased in parallel in both boys and girls. After adjustment for age, the partial correlation coefficients remained significant only for testosterone in the boys. We hypothesize that gonadal inhibin production is stimulated by rising gonadotropin levels during pubertal development.
ADVANCES IN LASER THERAPY FOR BONE REPAIR (2000)

During the last decade, it was discovered that low-power laser irradiation has stimulatory effects on bone cell proliferation and gene expression. The purposes of this review are to analyze the effects of low- power laser irradiation on bone cells and bone fracture repair, to examine what has been done so far, and to explore the additional works needed in this area. The studies reviewed show how laser therapy can be used to enhance bone repair at cell and tissue levels. As noted by researchers, laser properties, the combinations of wavelength and energy dose need to be carefully chosen so as to yield bone stimulation. With better study designs, the results will be more credible, allowing for greater recognition of advances in bone repair using laser therapy. Many studies on the effects of laser therapy on bone healing and fracture repair have used biochemical and histological methods. However, in order to establish the effects of laser treatment on bone, additional studies need to be performed using biomechanical tests, the ultimate evidence of bone repair. Finally, future studies are needed to demonstrate that the same bone stimulation effects occurring in animals may also be seen in humans.
INHERITANCE OF T SEROTYPES IN TETRAHYMENA (1967)

PREVIOUS work on serotypes of Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1, has
Activity, stability and 3-D structure of the Cu(<scp>ii</scp>) form of a chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2016)

The enzymatic deconstruction of recalcitrant polysaccharide biomass is central to the conversion of these substrates for societal benefit, such as in biofuels. Traditional models for enzyme-catalysed polysaccharide degradation involved the synergistic action of endo-, exo- and processive glycoside hydrolases working in concert to hydrolyse the substrate. More recently this model has been succeeded by one featuring a newly discovered class of mononuclear copper enzymes: lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs; classified as Auxiliary Activity (AA) enzymes in the CAZy classification). In 2013, the structure of an LPMO from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, BaAA10, was solved with the Cu centre photoreduced to Cu(i) in the X-ray beam. Here we present the catalytic activity of BaAA10. We show that it is a chitin-active LPMO, active on both α and β chitin, with the Cu(ii) binding with low nM K<sub>D</sub>, and the substrate greatly increasing the thermal stability of the enzyme. A spiral data collection strategy has been used to facilitate access to the previously unobservable Cu(ii) state of the active centre, revealing a coordination geometry around the copper which is distorted from axial symmetry, consistent with the previous findings from EPR spectroscopy.
Escherichia coli helicase II (UvrD) protein initiates DNA unwinding at nicks and blunt ends. (1990)

The Escherichia coli uvrD gene product, helicase II, is required for both methyl-directed mismatch and uvrABC excision repair and is believed to function by unwinding duplex DNA. Initiation of unwinding may occur specifically at either a mismatch or a nick, although no direct evidence for this has previously been reported. It has recently been shown that helicase II can unwind fully duplex linear and nicked circular DNA with lengths of at least approximately 2700 base pairs in vitro; hence, a flanking region of single-stranded DNA is not required to initiate DNA unwinding. In studies with uniquely nicked duplex DNA, we present EM evidence that helicase II protein initiates DNA unwinding at the nick, with unwinding proceeding bidirectionally. We also show that helicase II protein initiates DNA unwinding at the blunt ends of linear DNA, rather than in internal regions. These data provide direct evidence that helicase II protein can initiate unwinding of duplex DNA at a nick, in the absence of auxiliary proteins. We propose that helicase II may initiate unwinding from a nick in a number of DNA repair processes.
A miniature shock-activated thermal battery for munitions applications (1998)

The feasibility of a small, fast-rise thermal battery for non-spinning munitions applications was examined by studying the response of conventional thermal cells to impact (mechanical) energy to simulate a setback environment. This is an extension of earlier work that demonstrated that shock activation could be used to produce power from a conventional thermal-battery cell. The results of tests with both single and multiple cells are presented, along with data for a 5-cell miniature (5-mm diameter) thermal battery. The issues needing to be resolved before such a device can become a commercial reality are also discussed.
Directional ocean wave spectra using buoy azimuth, pitch, and roll derived from magnetic field components (1991)

Buoy azimuth, pitch, and roll, when used with measurements of buoy vertical acceleration, can provide directional wave spectra. Earlier work, which considered effects of buoy hull magnetism, showed that azimuth can be determined from magnetic field measurements (K.E. Steele and J.C. Lau, 1986). This work is extended to show that buoy pitch and roll, and thus buoy slopes, can also be determined from the same measurements. These slopes can be determined from measurements of the magnetic field components inside the hull along two orthogonal axes parallel to the deck of a buoy. Algorithms are developed for estimation of azimuth, pitch, and roll angles using these measurements. The algorithms account for residual and induced hull magnetism. Azimuth, pitch, roll, and estimates of directional wave spectra are determined both from the magnetic field measurements and from a conventional wave measurement system on the same buoy. Comparisons show that estimates of directional spectra based on magnetometer-derived pitch and roll agree well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactive and adaptive control architecture designed for the Sony legged robots league in RoboCup 1999 (2002)

This paper deals with the description of the strategy adopted by the French team in the Sony legged league to play soccer. Not only the behaviors designed for RoboCup are presented, but also the arrangement of the three different modules inside the robot, namely the vision, locomotion and strategy modules. The vision module runs at lower priority and provides others with relevant information captured from the environment. The locomotion module is responsible for the walking gaits generation. It manages transitions between forward, turning and rotation modes. It incorporates changes in speed, and recovery procedures in case the robot falls down. The paper focuses on how the decision or other behaviors are being taken. The overall architecture and the communications between the three modules are also described.
Biphasic indentation of articular cartilage—I. Theoretical analysis (1987)

A mathematical solution has been obtained for the indentation creep and stress-relaxation behavior of articular cartilage where the tissue is modeled as a layer of linear KLM biphasic material of thickness h bonded to an impervious, rigid bony substrate. The circular (radius = a), plane-ended indenter is assumed to be rigid, porous, free-draining, and frictionless. Double Laplace and Hankel transform techniques were used to solve the partial differential equations. The transformed equations and boundary conditions yielded an integral equation of the Fredholm type which was analyzed asymptotically and solved numerically. Our asymptotic analyses showed that the linear KLM biphasic material behaves like an incompressible (v = 0.5) single-phase elastic solid at t = 0+; the instantaneous response of the material is governed by the shear modulus (mu s) of the solid matrix. The linear KLM biphasic material behaves like a compressible elastic solid with material properties defined by those of the solid matrix, i.e. (lambda s, mu s) or (mu s, v s) as t----infinity. The transient viscoelastic creep and stress-relaxation behavior, 0 less than t less than infinity, of this material is controlled by the frictional drag (which is inversely proportional to the permeability k) associated with the flow of the interstitial fluid through the porous-permeable solid matrix. For given values of the Poisson's ratio of the solid matrix v s and the aspect ratio a/h, where a is the radius of the indenter and h is the thickness of the layer, the creep behavior with respect to the dimensionless time H Akt/a2 is completely controlled by the load parameter P/2 mu sa2 and the stress relaxation behavior is completely controlled by the rate of compression parameter R0 = kH A/V0h where H A = lambda s + 2 mu s and the equilibrium strain u0/h. This mathematical solution may now be used to describe an indentation experiment on articular cartilage to determine the intrinsic material properties of the tissue, i.e. permeability k, and the elastic coefficients of the solid phase (lambda s, mu s) or (mu s, v s).
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: The Role ofIntraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) (2000)

Purpose. The purpose is to review the natural history, the clinicopathological prognostic factors, and the role of adjuvant radiation therapy with particular attention to the limited but favorable experience with IORT.Methods. Retroperitoneal sarcomas present a continuing therapeutic challenge to the oncologist. In contrast to sarcomas of the extremity and superficial trunk in which complete resection plus radiation therapy results in excellent local control, sarcomas of the retroperitoneum are difficult to resect and even if completely resected, demonstrate high rates of local relapse, the primary pattern of failure. Due to the proximity of normal organs, the delivery of therapeutic doses of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy is problematic.To deliver adequate doses (>60 Gy) of external beam to most patients would result in unacceptable toxicity. The therapeutic dilemma is unfortunate and better strategies are needed. One attractive approach has been to incorporate intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) with maximal resection and external beam radiation. Results and Discussion. A number of institutions have explored this approach with encouraging preliminary results.
A 3-D Millimeter-Wave Filtering Antenna With High Selectivity and Low Cross-Polarization (2015)

A three-dimensional (3-D) filtering antenna with features of high selectivity and low cross-polarization is proposed and experimentally verified in this communication. Thanks to the vertically 3-D integration, the high selectivity at either frequency sides of the filtering antenna is achieved by a novel cross-coupling scheme between in-band and out-of-band modes in a single cavity located in the lower substrate, while the low cross-polarization in the far-held is realized due to the symmetric feed and radiators on a cavity-backed dual-slot antenna at the upper substrate. In our design, the cavity-backed dual-slot antenna performs not only a radiator but also the last resonator of the bandpass filter (BPF). A prototype is demonstrated at Ka-band with a center frequency of 31.495 GHz and fractional bandwidth of 1.56%. Two radiation nulls [transmission zeros (TZs)] at either frequency band edges can be observed and a cross-polarization level lower than -30 dB is obtained.
3D Body-part tracking of two persons using a hierarchical body model (2009)

This paper presents a framework for hierarchical 3D articulated human body-part tracking of two persons. We introduce a Hierarchical Annealing Particle Filter (H-APF) algorithm which uses a Hierarchical Human Body Model (HHBM) in order to perform an accurate body pose estimation of several people. The human poses are presented in a high-dimensional space. The proposed method applies a nonlinear dimensionality reduction of this high-dimensional pose space to the low-dimensional latent spaces combined with the dynamic motion model and the hierarchical body model. The improved annealing approach is used for the propagation between different body models and sequential frames. The tracking algorithm generates trajectories in the latent spaces which provide low-dimensional representations of body poses observed during the motion. The approach was illustrated on HumanEvaI and HumanEvaII datasets as well as on several other datasets with different motions and proved to be effective and robust. A comparison with other methods and the error evaluation are provided.
Compromise and Synergy in High‐Efficiency Thermoelectric Materials (2017)

The past two decades have witnessed the rapid growth of thermoelectric (TE) research. Novel concepts and paradigms are described here that have emerged, targeting superior TE materials and higher TE performance. These superior aspects include band convergence, "phonon-glass electron-crystal", multiscale phonon scattering, resonant states, anharmonicity, etc. Based on these concepts, some new TE materials with distinct features have been identified, including solids with high band degeneracy, with cages in which atoms rattle, with nanostructures at various length scales, etc. In addition, the performance of classical materials has been improved remarkably. However, the figure of merit zT of most TE materials is still lower than 2.0, generally around 1.0, due to interrelated TE properties. In order to realize an "overall zT > 2.0," it is imperative that the interrelated properties are decoupled more thoroughly, or new degrees of freedom are added to the overall optimization problem. The electrical and thermal transport must be synergistically optimized. Here, a detailed discussion about the commonly adopted strategies to optimize individual TE properties is presented. Then, four main compromises between the TE properties are elaborated from the point of view of the underlying mechanisms and decoupling strategies. Finally, some representative systems of synergistic optimization are also presented, which can serve as references for other TE materials. In conclusion, some of the newest ideas for the future are discussed.