gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memristor-Based Discrete Fourier Transform for Improving Performance and Energy Efficiency (2016)

Memristor has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the fundamental device in the beyond-CMOS era. With their unique advantage on implementing low-power high-speed matrix multiplication, memristors have shown great and vast potentiality in many specific applications. This paper, for the first time, investigates the hardware design of DFT using memristors. Two implementations of DFT using memristors have been presented for effectively trading-off between hardware complexity and computing speed. Simulation results show that as compared to the conventional CMOS-based design, the proposed memristor-based design enables significant reduction in computation latency and improvement in power efficiency with very low inaccuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed memristor-based implementation could reach up to 10X improvement in speed and 109.8X reduction in power efficiency compared to CMOS-based design.
Institutional Properties of the South East European Region (2015)

This paper will identify and analyze the basic institutional characteristics of the region of South East Europe (SEE6), because the building of institutions is one of the main conditions for sustainable development. Basic theoretical and practical barriers, that crucially influenced the current unfavorable transitional institutional characteristics in SEE6, will be researched in a selective way. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the essential institutional differences of this region in comparison with developed countries, particularly in terms of real institutional change, the application of institutional pluralism and the main institutional barriers. The paper starts from the hypothesis that ignoring the institutional pluralism and domination of alternative institutions in SEE6 led to dysfunctionality of institutional change, which had a negative impact on all indicators of economic development in the surveyed countries. The emphasis is on the factors of monistic anti-institutional action, from which the alternative institutions stand out for their destructive significance. It points to devastating and anti-developmental consequences of their actions, and their theoretical support of neoliberal type, which is in practice vulgarized and converted into a quasi-neoliberalism. It identifies the real and concrete causes of reproduced institutional vacuum. The findings from the study suggest that countries of the SEE6 region should apply civilization-proven development models of institutional pluralism type. This indicates the importance of taking real institutional changes and urgent overcoming the quasi-institutional forms in order to successfully valorize the economic resources in the countries of SEE6.
Nicotine Chemistry. The Addition of Alkyl Radicals to (<i>S</i>)-(-)-Nicotine: Synthesis of Optically Active 6-Alkylnicotines (1985)

Radical alkylation of (S)-nicotine (1) with alkanoic acids (6) in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate and silver nitrate to give optically active 6-alkylnicotines 4 is described.
TXA709, an FtsZ-Targeting Benzamide Prodrug with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Enhanced <i>In Vivo</i> Efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2015)

The clinical development of FtsZ-targeting benzamide compounds like PC190723 has been limited by poor drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties. Development of prodrugs of PC190723 (e.g., TXY541) resulted in enhanced pharmaceutical properties, which, in turn, led to improved intravenous efficacy as well as the first demonstration of oral efficacy in vivo against both methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Despite being efficacious in vivo, TXY541 still suffered from suboptimal pharmacokinetics and the requirement of high efficacious doses. We describe here the design of a new prodrug (TXA709) in which the Cl group on the pyridyl ring has been replaced with a CF3 functionality that is resistant to metabolic attack. As a result of this enhanced metabolic stability, the product of the TXA709 prodrug (TXA707) is associated with improved pharmacokinetic properties (a 6.5-fold-longer half-life and a 3-fold-greater oral bioavailability) and superior in vivo antistaphylococcal efficacy relative to PC190723. We validate FtsZ as the antibacterial target of TXA707 and demonstrate that the compound retains potent bactericidal activity against S. aureus strains resistant to the current standard-of-care drugs vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid. These collective properties, coupled with minimal observed toxicity to mammalian cells, establish the prodrug TXA709 as an antistaphylococcal agent worthy of clinical development.
<i>Dekkera, Brettanomyces</i> and <i>Eeniella</i>: Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes and DNA–DNA homology (1990)

The taxonomic status of various species of Dekkera, Brettanomyces and Eeniella was examined by electrophoretic comparison of enzymes, by deoxyribonucleic acid homology and by physiological characterization. These studies demonstrated that two teleomorphic Dekkera species, D. anomala and D. bruxellensis (synonym D. intermedia), and four anamorphic Brettanomyces species, B. anomalus (synonym B. claussenii), B. bruxellensis (synonym B. abstinens, B. custersii, B. intermedius, B. lambicus), B. custersianus and B. naardenensis, can be recognized. The anamorphic genus Eeniella remained as a separate, monotypic taxon.
Future Device Modeling Trends (2012)

Good transistor models are essential for efficient computer-aided-design (CAD) of nonlinear microwave and RF circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), power amplifiers (PAs), and nonlinear RF systems. Increasingly complicated demands of the various semiconductor technologies (e.g., GaAs pHEMTs, InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs), silicon on insulator (SOI), LDMOS, GaN HFETs, etc.), and their applications in terms of power and frequency of operation and complexity of applied signals (e.g., modern communication signals with high peak-toaverage ratios) have placed commensurate requirements on the accuracy and generality of the device models used for design. New semiconductor material systems (e.g., GaN) have been developing at such a fast rate that conventional compact modeling approaches may not be able to keep up. These and other challenges have spawned much research into the advanced nonlinear device modeling techniques that are the focus of this article.
Conditional beam-splitting attack on quantum key distribution (2001)

We present a different attack on quantum key distribution based on the idea of adaptive absorption [J. Calsamiglia et al., Phys. Rev. A (64, 043814 (2001)]. The conditional beam-splitting attack is shown to be much more efficient than the conventional beam splitting attack, achieving a performance similar to the, powerful but currently unfeasible, photon number splitting attack. The implementation of the conditional beam-splitting attack, based solely on linear optical elements, is well within the reach of current technology.
Study of <i>Theileria annulata</i> population structure during bovine infection and following transmission to ticks (2001)

Tams1 is the polymorphic immunodominant merozoite-piroplasm surface protein of Theileria annulata. Evidence for selection of divergent forms of Tams1 has been obtained recently. This study was performed to address whether selection takes place during persistent infection of the bovine host or during passage through the Hyalomma tick vector. Four calves were infected with a T. annulata isolate representing multiple parasite genotypes. The development of the parasite population was analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using the Tams1 gene as a marker. In addition, the parasitaemia was measured by a semi-quantitative reverse line blot hybridization assay in order to correlate Tams1 variation to changes in parasitaemia. It was found that both parasitaemia and parasite population displayed limited variation during persistent infection. Ticks were allowed to acquire T. annulata during 2 periods of the bovine infection. Tams1 alleles detected in ticks fed during acute infection were identical to the population in the bovine host. However, ticks fed during the carrier status acquired parasites showing a single Tams1 isotype that represented, in several cases, a minor population in the bovine host at the time of infestation. Although only a limited number of ticks were studied, these preliminary data suggest that specific parasite genotypes may be selected during tick transmission from a carrier animal.
Sustained activation of c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase plays a critical role in arsenic trioxide‐induced cell apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines (2006)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a presently incurable B-cell malignancy, and newer biologically based therapies are needed. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been established as a therapeutic agent for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients, and has been used for MM patients in clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the role of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in ATO-induced apoptosis in MM lines. The exogenous interleukin (IL)-6 dependent MM line, ILKM-3, and independent MM lines, U266 and XG-7, were treated with a therapeutic concentration of ATO with or without JNK inhibitor 1 (a JNK-specific inhibitor) and anisomycin (a JNK activator). Their cell growth, cell cycle, JNK activation and NF-kappaB activation were investigated. ATO induced apoptosis in U266 and ILKM-3 regardless of their exogenous IL-6 dependency. This apoptosis, accompanied with decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, sustained activation of JNK but not cell cycle arrest. Pretreatment of JNK inhibitor prevented ATO-induced apoptosis in ATO-sensitive lines. Combined treatment with ATO and anisomycin induced sustained activation of JNK and apoptosis in the ATO-insensitive MM line, XG-7. Results of various time period treatments of ATO showed that sustained activation of JNK was needed in ATO-induced apoptosis in MM. IkBalpha phosphorylation was not associated with ATO-sensitivity of MM lines. These findings suggest that sustained activation of JNK plays a critical role in ATO-induced apoptosis in MM cell lines. Cotreatment with ATO and the agent, which can induce sustained activation of JNK, might improve the outcome in MM therapy.
Zeeman-Driven Phase Transition within the Superconducting State of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi><mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>BEDT</mml:mi><mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mtext><mml:mi>TTF</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>NCS</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2011)

(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were performed on κ-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2), with the external field placed parallel to the quasi-2D conducting layers. The absorption spectrum is used to determine the electronic spin polarization M(s) as a function of external field H at a temperature T=0.35 K. A discontinuity in the derivative dM(s)/dH at an applied field of H(s)=213±3 kOe is taken as evidence for a Zeeman-driven transition within the superconducting state and stabilization of inhomogeneous superconductivity.
Increased hypothalamic expression of prolactin in lactation: involvement in behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses (2002)

Prolactin (PRL) has recently been shown to exert an anxiolytic effect in male and virgin female rats, as well as an inhibitory tone on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Reduced emotional and neuroendocrine stress responses have been described in lactation, a time of high blood PRL levels. Here we tested brain PRL-receptor (PRL-R)-mediated effects on anxiety, maternal behaviour, HPA axis and oxytocin stress responses in lactating rats. Chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of antisense oligonucleotides against the long form of the PRL-R (AS; osmotic minipump, 0.5 microg/0.5 microL/h) in order to downregulate brain PRL-R expression increased the anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus maze (P < 0.01) compared with mixed bases- and vehicle-treated rats. Also, PRL-R AS treatment impaired maternal behaviour (P < 0.05), whereas physiological parameters of lactation (weight gain of the litter, number of milk ejection reflexes during a 20-min suckling period) were not affected. PRL-R AS treatment further evoked an increase (P < 0.05) in the stress-induced adrenocorticotropin release, demonstrating an inhibitory role of PRL on HPA axis responses in lactation. Inhibition of stress responses of the oxytocin system by brain PRL was evidenced by higher stress-induced (P < 0.05) plasma oxytocin concentration in PRL-R AS-treated lactating rats and, in contrast, decreased stress-induced oxytocin release (P < 0.01) in chronic i.c.v. ovine PRL-treated (1 microg/0.5 microL/h) virgin rats. Finally, an increased expression of the hypothalamic PRL gene was seen by RT-PCR in pregnancy and lactation, suggesting an activated state of the brain PRL system during the peripartum period. In summary, activation of the brain PRL system in the peripartum period significantly contributes to emotional and neuroendocrine adaptations, including downregulation of the responsiveness of the HPA axis and oxytocin systems to stressors seen at this time.
Solid immersion lens-enhanced nano-photoluminescence: Principle and applications (2003)

We demonstrate a far-field nano-photoluminescence setup based on the combination of a hemispherical solid immersion lens (SIL) with a confocal microscope. The spatial resolution is confirmed to be 0.4 times the wavelength in vacuum in terms of half width at half maximum. The collection efficiency is found to be about five times higher than the same microscope without SIL, which is consistent with our theoretical analysis. We investigate in detail the influence of an air gap between the SIL and the sample surface on the system performance, and prove both experimentally and theoretically the tolerance of this far-field system to an air gap of several micrometers. These features make the present setup an ideal system for spatially resolved spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures. In particular, we show two examples of such applications in which the present setup is clearly suitable: Studies of excitonic transport in quantum wells and spectroscopy of single quantum dots with emphasis on polarization dependence and weak-signal detection.
Environment and Usage Monitoringof Electronic Products for Health Assessment and Product Design (2007)

The life-cycle environmental and usage conditions of a product or system can be monitored and analyzed to assess its on-going health, provide advance warning of failure, and provide information to improve the design and qualification of fielded and future products. The challenge lies in the implementation of this method in application conditions. This paper presents methods to effectively collect and analyze life-cycle environmental and usage data for in-situ health assessments. An integrated hardware-software micro-programmable module for health and usage monitoring of electronic products in their application environment is presented. The hardware incorporates local sensors, and on-board processing power using embedded software. These data processing capabilities are intended to enable immediate and localized processing of the raw sensor data to reduce the power and memory consumption anticipated during load monitoring. Guidelines are also provided to develop a life cycle monitoring plan, that encompasses the selection of environmental and usage parameters. A case study is presented to illustrate the methodology.
A new theoretical and practical approach to the multislice method (1977)

The multislice formulation of Cowley and Moodie for high-energy electron scattering is rederived from the Schrödinger equation, and the validity of the finite slice approach in practical computation is theoretically proved by the stationary-phase approximation. A set of computer programs for the multislice method is developed, where the convolution integral is carried out through the fast Fourier transform. The following conditions are required to obtain a sufficiently accurate result in multislice calculations: (1) the maximum slice thickness should be about kd2, where k is the wavenumber of the incident electrons and d is the distance over which the potential does not change appreciably; (2) there must be a sufficient number of beams in the multislice iteration to prevent the aliasing effect of convolution. The multiple scattering masks the real specimen structure when the specimen thickness exceeds a certain value. This effect of multiple scattering is recognized from the probability distribution of the scattered electrons in addition to the scattering amplitudes obtained through the procedure developed in the present work.
Reductive elimination reactions (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive elimination reactionsE. L. Muetterties and Patricia L. WatsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 15, 4665–4667Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00431a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00431a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanical stimulation of skeletal muscle cells mitigates glucocorticoid‐induced decreases in prostaglandin production and prostaglandin synthase activity (1994)

Abstract The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) induces a decline in protein synthesis and protein content in tissue cultured, avlan skeletal muscle cells, and this atrophy is attenuated by repetitive mechanical stretch. Since the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin mitigated this stretch attenuation of muscle atrophy, the effects of Dex and mechanical stretch on prostaglandin production and prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) activity were examined. In static cultures, 10 −8 M Dex reduced PGF 2α production 55–65% and PGE 2 production 84–90% after 24–72 h of incubation. Repetitive 10% stretch‐relaxations of non‐Dex‐treated cultures increased PGF 2α efflux 41% at 24 h and 276% at 72 h, and increased PGE 2 production 51% at 24 h and 236% at 72 h. Mechanical stimulation of Dex‐treated cultures increased PGF 2α production 162% after 24 h, returning PGF 2α efflux to the level of non‐Dex‐treated cultures. At 72 h, stretch increased PGF 2α efflux 65% in Dex‐treated cultures. Mechanical stimulation of Dex‐treated cultures also increased PGE 2 production at 24 h, but not at 72 h. Dex reduced PGHS activity in the muscle cultures by 70% after 8–24 h of incubation, and mechanical stimulation of the Dex‐treated cultures increased PGHS activity by 98% after 24 h. Repetitive mechanical stimulation attenuates the catabolic effects of Dex on cultured skeletal muscle cells in part by mitigating the Dex‐induced declines in PGHS activity and prostaglandin production. © 1994 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with integers (2010)

We present algorithms for accurately converting floating-point numbers to decimal representation. They are fast (up to 4 times faster than commonly used algorithms that use high-precision integers) and correct: any printed number will evaluate to the same number, when read again.
A New, Automated and Accurate In Vitro Method to Quantify Endothelial Cells Attached to Vascular Prostheses (1994)

Over a decade ago the idea of endothelial cell seeding was introduced in an attempt to improve the function of small caliber vascular prostheses. Although endothelial cell seeding is currently being applied clinically, several questions regarding the functional properties of the seeded endothelial cells remain. Evaluation of functional properties of endothelial cells on various types of vascular prostheses can be performed partly in vitro, but it is hampered by the fact that commonly used methods to quantify endothelial cells do not adequately apply to these cells on prosthetic materials. An accurate quantification method is described that is rapidly and easily applicable to endothelial cells attached to vascular prostheses. The method can also be used to quantify endothelial cells attached to culture dishes or microcarriers. Colorless, non-fluorescing, fluorescein-diacetate was used, which was taken up by the attached endothelial cells, and which was then intracellularly converted to yellow fluorescein, emitting green fluorescence. Subsequently, triton-X-100 was applicated to release fluorescein and levels of fluorescence were measured with the automated aperture-defined microvolume (ADM) method, using an inverted fluorescence microscope to which a photometer was connected. The measured level of fluorescence is linearly related to endothelial cell numbers attached to prostheses. The accuracy and the reproducibility of cell countings are high.
Manufacturable GaAs VFET for power switching applications (2000)

We have developed a manufacturable process to fabricate high performance GaAs vertical field effect transistors (VFET's). Our process uses ion implantation to form the gate as opposed to previous VFET processes, which used epitaxial regrowth or angled evaporation. In this process, trenches 1.2 μm wide by 0.6 μm deep with a period of 2.4 μm are formed by reactive ion etch (RIE) then the gate region is formed at the bottom of the trench by Ar/C ion co-implantation. Current handling capability of these devices exceeds 200 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a specific on-resistance of 0.25 m/spl Omega/-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and calculated delay times of 13.9 ps.