gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of diluted III–V nitride thin films by N ion implantation (2001)

Diluted III–Nx–V1−x alloys were successfully synthesized by nitrogen implantation into GaAs, InP, and AlyGa1−yAs. In all three cases the fundamental band-gap energy for the ion beam synthesized III–Nx–V1−x alloys was found to decrease with increasing N implantation dose in a manner similar to that observed in epitaxially grown GaNxAs1−x and InNxP1−x alloys. In GaNxAs1−x the highest value of x (fraction of “active” substitutional N on As sublattice) achieved was 0.006. It was observed that NAs is thermally unstable at temperatures higher than 850 °C. The highest value of x achieved in InNxP1−x was higher, 0.012, and the NP was found to be stable to at least 850 °C. In addition, the N activation efficiency in implanted InNxP1−x was at least a factor of 2 higher than that in GaNxAs1−x under similar processing conditions. AlyGa1−yNxAs1−x had not been made previously by epitaxial techniques. N implantation was successful in producing AlyGa1−yNxAs1−x alloys. Notably, the band gap of these alloys remains direct, even above the value of y (y&gt;0.44) where the band gap of the host material is indirect.
Evidence that AMP triggers phosphorylation as well as direct allosteric activation of rat liver AMP‐activated protein kinase (1991)

1. In freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase is high, but decreases by 5-10-fold during incubation of the cells for 60 min. The expressed activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is initially very low, then rises in a reciprocal manner to the AMP-activated protein kinase activity. For both enzymes, treatment of partially purified preparations under dephosphorylating conditions abolishes the difference in activity between freshly isolated and preincubated cells. Thus, both the high activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase and the low activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in freshly isolated cells can be explained by phosphorylation. 2. Immediately after isolation, the hepatocytes have AMP/ATP ratios that are unphysiologically high (approximately 1:1.5). During incubation of the cells for 60 min, AMP levels fall and ATP levels rise so that the ratio becomes about 1:15, close to previous estimates of the ratio in freeze-clamped liver. The fall in AMP/ATP ratio precedes the decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase activity. 3. In cells which have been incubated for 60 min, treatment with 20 mM fructose, which causes a large but transient increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, also causes concomitant activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 4. In all cases described above, the increases in activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase were blocked by treatment with the cell-permeable protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. However, the decreases in activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase were not blocked by this inhibitor. This is consistent with the finding that okadaic-acid-insensitive protein phosphatase 2C is the most effective at dephosphorylating the kinase in cell-free assays. 5. The results above suggested that AMP either promotes phosphorylation, or inhibits dephosphorylation, of the kinase. Studies in a partially purified cell-free system suggested that the former hypothesis was correct; reactivation of dephosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase by kinase kinase was completely dependent on the presence of AMP. 6. Our results, obtained in both intact cells and a cell-free system, suggest that rises in the AMP/ATP ratio promote phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase by the kinase kinase, as well as causing direct allosteric activation. This represents a very sensitive system for switching off lipid biosynthetic pathways when ATP levels are limiting. The results with okadaic acid also suggest that protein phosphatase 2C is mainly responsible for dephosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase in intact hepatocytes.
A fast and secure framework for over-the-air wireless software download using reconfigurable mobile devices (2006)

OTA software download is an enabling technology that leverages on the flexibility of radio hardware. With dynamic OTA download, mobile devices can connect to any type of wireless network, download the required radio software, and reconfigure on demand. This article covers two key system design issues: delta compression and security
Natural Products as Angiogenesis Inhibitors (1998)

Angiogenesis is a strictly controlled process in the healthy, adult human body. It is regulated by a variety of endogenous angiogenic and angiostatic factors. It is only switched on, e.g., during wound healing. Pathological angiogenesis occurs, for example, in cancer, chronic inflammation, or atherosclerosis. Angiogenesis inhibitors are able to interfere with various steps of angiogenesis, like basement destruction of blood vessels, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, or the lumen formation. Among the known angiogenesis inhibitors compounds derived from natural sources, like flavonoids, sulphated carbohydrates, or triterpenoids are playing a prominent role.
Behavioral synthesis for easy testability in data path scheduling (1992)

A data path scheduling algorithm to improve testability without assuming any particular test strategy is presented. A scheduling heuristic for easy testability, based on previous work on data path allocation for testability, is introduced. A mobility path scheduling algorithm to implement this heuristic while also minimizing area is developed. Experimental results on benchmark and example circuits show high fault coverage, short test generation time, and little or no area overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cellular effects of the pulsed tunable dye laser at 577 nanometers on human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and erythrocytes: An in vitro study (1988)

Abstract The 577‐nm flashlamp‐pumped tunable dye laser pulsed at 450 μs is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for removal of portwine stains and other vascular ectasias. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of vessel destruction by determining the effects of laser irradiation on three types of primary target cells–erythrocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Human endothelial cells and fibroblasts in microwell plates were irradiated at various energy densities with the laser, after which several aspects of cellular biology were determined, including (1) viability of cells by trypan blue exclusion test; (2) cell proliferation by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation; and (3) rate of protein synthesis using [ 3 H]leucine incorporation as a marker. In endothelial cell cultures, both [ 3 H]thymidine and [ 3 H]leucine incorporations were inhibited at energy levels of 5–12 J/cm 2 ( P < 0.01). In fibroblast cultures, cell proliferation was similarly inhibited, while supratherapeutic energy density (⩾12 J/cm 2 ) was required for inhibition of protein synthesis. The laser energy in the range of 5–8.5 J/cm 2 had no effect on cell viability. Erythrocytes as target cells for laser energy demonstrated rapid, dose‐dependent lysis, as determined by release of free hemoglobin into culture medium. Addition of erythrocytes into a coculture with endothelial cells abolished the direct inhibitory effect noted in cultures when endothelial cells were present alone. The results of the latter experiment imply that erythrocytes are the primary target cell absorbing the laser energy at 577 nm. However, direct laser effects on endothelial cells may also contribute to the mechanisms of ablation of the vascular ectasias by the tunable dye laser at 577 nm.
Determination of azithromycin hydrochloride and its related substances by HPLC (2006)

Aim:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of azithromycin hydrochloride and its related substances.Method:Dikma ODS column and 40 ℃ of column temperature.The mobile phase: 0.1 mol/L ammonium dihydyogen phosphate solution(adjusted pH to 6.5 by triethylamine)and acetonitrile(70∶30).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and UV detective wavelength was 215 nm.Results:Some impurities were obviously separated under the chromatographic system described above.The calibration curves were linear between 10.0～50.0 mg/mL(r=(0.999 8)).The average recovery of adding sample was 99.97%.Precision and inter-day RSD were 0.50%(n=6)and 0.79%(n=6).Conclusion:The method is proved to be quick,simple and sensitive.
Genetic study of breast cancer: Identification of a high risk group (1974)

A group of women was identified whose risk for breast cancer was 47-to 51-fold higher than that experienced by control women. These high-risk women were sisters of patients whose mothers had breast cancer. The disease in these families developed premenopausally, often bilaterally, and was seemingly associated with ovarian function. Since disease susceptibility was transmitted from an affected mother to approximately 30% of her daughters, this early, bilateral form of breast cancer appeared to be strongly heritable. Another, less heritable form was identified in families comprised of at least two affected sisters and unaffected mothers. The risk in these families was 3-fold higher than that of controls, and the disease was primarily postmenopausal, unilateral, and was not strongly associated with ovarian function. No difference was observed in the transmission of breast cancer through paternal and maternal lines of descent.
High-resolution MRI characterization of human thrombus using a novel fibrin-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticle contrast agent (2000)

In this study, the sensitivity of a novel fibrin-targeted contrast agent for fibrin detection was defined in vitro on human thrombus. The contrast agent was a lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon nanoparticle with numerous Gd-DTPA complexes incorporated into the outer surface. After binding to fibrin clots, scanning electron microscopy of treated clots revealed dense accumulation of nanoparticles on the clot surfaces. Fibrin clots with sizes ranging from 0.5-7.0 mm were imaged at 4.7 T with or without treatment with the targeted contrast agent. Regardless of sizes, untreated clots were not detectable by T(1)-weighted MRI, while targeted contrast agent dramatically improved the detectability of all clots. Decreases in T(1) and T(2) relaxation times (20-40%) were measured relative to the surrounding media and the control clots. These results suggest the potential for sensitive and specific detection of microthrombi that form on the intimal surfaces of unstable atherosclerotic plaque.
Solution Additives that Desalt Protein Ions in Native Mass Spectrometry (2012)

The presence of many salts, such as sodium chloride, can adversely affect the performance of native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of proteins and protein complexes by reducing the overall molecular ion abundances and distributing signal for any given charge state into many cationized forms with various numbers of adducts attached. Several solution additives, such as ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, and NaSbF(6), can significantly lower the extent of sodium ion adduction to the molecular ions of proteins and protein complexes. For ubiquitin, addition of 25 mM ammonium bromide or ammonium iodide into aqueous solutions also containing 1.0 mM NaCl results in a factor of 72 and 56 increase, respectively, in the relative abundances of the fully protonated molecular ions compared to when these additives are not present. The effectiveness of this method for reducing sodium ion adduction is related to the low proton affinity (PA) values of the anions. Anions with very low PA also have a propensity to adduct as an acid molecule, but these adducts can be readily dissociated from the molecular ions either by activation in the source or subsequently by collisional activation in the mass spectrometer. This method of reducing sodium ion adduction to proteins is simple and requires no experimental modifications, making it an attractive alternative to other methods for desalting proteins prior to mass spectrometry analysis.
Q4 – A CubeSat Mission to Demonstrate Omnidirectional Optical Communications (2020)

We are proposing a technology demonstration mission for JPL's Inter-Satellite Optical Communicator (ISOC). The ISOC has the potential to enable up to 1 Gbps data rates over a distance up to 200 km in free space. Key features of the ISOC include full sky coverage and the ability to maintain multiple links simultaneously. The Q4 mission consists of (4) 6U CubeSats furnished with ISOCs to demonstrate high data rate communications among the spacecraft. More specifically, we seek to demonstrate the omnidirectionality of the ISOC by providing simultaneous optical links between one spacecraft and the other three. Q4 will be a demonstrator for small spacecraft swarm capabilities. Following a proposed deployment from the ISS, the CubeSats will utilize their onboard thrusters to enter their desired orbit. The orbit consists of one “leader” spacecraft in a circular orbit with a 400 km LEO altitude and three “follower” spacecraft in slightly elliptical orbits rotating azimuthally about the leader. The main mission will consist of three consecutive phases: First, the spacecraft will demonstrate pointing, acquisition, and tracking using newly developed protocols. Next, link establishment and different channel access methods (CDMA and TDMA) will be tested. Finally, Delay Tolerant Network protocols will be implemented to allow fast data sharing among the spacecraft. The distance between the communicating spacecraft will be increased as the mission progresses to characterize the link quality as a function of distance. All communications over the course of the mission will be recorded and analyzed on the ground using bit error rate as a metric for success. The current design for each the four Q4 CubeSats contains an XACT advanced ADCS system for precision beam pointing. Other components currently under consideration include MiPS cold gas thrusters for orbital maneuvering and gimbaled eHaWK 84W solar arrays. In this paper we present design considerations for the Q4 CubeSats, link budget calculations, results from preliminary mission analysis, and expected results.
3-Level high power converter with press pack IGBT (2007)

Converteam recently has introduced the MV7000 series of medium voltage drives, designed with Press Pack IGBT (PPI) in 3-level NPC topology in the power range from 4 MW to 32 MW [3]. PPI combines the benefits of disk type device technology with state-of-the-art semiconductor technology. This paper explains relevant technical features and design issues related to MV7000 including direct series connection of devices.
Metal Contamination Removal on Silicon Wafers using Dilute Acidic Solutions (1992)

Several acids as very dilute (1:100‐1:106) water solutions were tested to remove metallic contaminants on silicon wafers. Total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF), deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and minority carrier recombination lifetime measurements were used to evaluate the removal efficiencies. The resulting surface concentrations for iron were well below the 1010 at/cm2 level for most solutions. The particle levels were low, comparable to an SC‐1 clean. The solutions behaved in a different way compared to the other tested acids, , , and , leaving a higher concentration of iron on the wafers, but a considerably lower surface recombination rate of the minority carriers in oxidized wafers. The minority carrier bulk lifetimes were in excess of 100 μs for the oxidized acid cleaned wafers, except to the cleans. Iron was found to be the dominant lifetime shortening contamination for concentrations larger than 1011 at/cm3.
Rat liver glucose-6-p dehydrogenase. Dietary regulation of the rate of synthesis. (1977)

The rate of synthesis of rat liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase was determined in hepatocytes isolated from rats in three different nutritional states. In induced rats (fasted 2 days and refed a high carbohydrate diet for 4 days) synthesis of the enzyme represents 0.12% of the total soluble protein synthesized. In rats fed a standard pellet chow diet synthesis of the enzyme is reduced to 0.0067% of the total soluble protein synthesized. In rats fasted for 2 days the rate of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase synthesis is too low to be detected by our methods. In addition, there is a 27-fold difference in the amount 125I-anti-glucose-6-P dehydrogenase serum bound under saturating conditions to polysomes isolated from induced and pellet-fed rats. Both of these methods indicate that there is a large increase in the rate of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase synthesis during the dietary induction of the enzyme. Methods are described for the purification of rat liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase to homogeneity and the preparation of an antiserum specific for the enzyme. The time course for the increase in the rate of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase synthesis in fasted-refed rats suggests that the half-life for the mRNAs coding for the synthesis of both enzymes is 3 to 6 h in the induced rat.
Performance analysis of a fiber optic accelerometer based on a compliant cylinder design (1995)

The performance of an all fiber accelerometer, based on a compliant cylinder design and operating at λ0=1.3 μm is described. Sub-μg/√Hz resolution in a frequency range from 10 to 250 Hz has been demonstrated. The measured dynamic range exceeds six orders of magnitude. Faraday rotation mirrors have been incorporated into the accelerometer to prevent signal fading due to random changes in the state of polarization of the guided beams. Test results at elevated temperatures are presented.
Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation of Elongated Bubble Flows in Microchannels (2002)

Recent experimental studies of evaporation in microchannels have shown that local flow-boiling coefficients are almost independent of vapor quality, weakly dependent on mass flux, moderately dependent on evaporating pressure, and strongly dependent on heat flux. In a conventional (macrochannel) geometry, such trends suggest nucleate boiling as the dominant heat transfer mechanism. In this paper, we put forward a simple new heat transfer model based on the hypothesis that thin-film evaporation into elongated bubbles is the important heat transfer mechanism in these flows. The new model predicts the above trends and quantitatively predicts flow-boiling coefficients for experimental data with several fluids. The success of this new model supports the idea that thin-film evaporation into elongated bubbles is the important heat transfer mechanism in microchannel evaporation. The model provides a new tool for the study of such flows, assists in understanding the heat transfer behavior, and provides a framework for predicting heat transfer.
Structure of the m1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene and Its Promoter (1997)

The m1 receptor is one of five muscarinic receptors that mediate the metabotropic actions of acetylcholine in the nervous system where it is expressed predominantly in the telencephalon and autonomic ganglia. RNase protection, primer extension, and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis of a rat cosmid clone containing the entire m1 gene demonstrated that the rat m1 gene consists of a single 657-base pairs (bp) non-coding exon separated by a 13. 5-kilobase (kb) intron from a 2.54-kb coding exon that contains the entire open reading frame. The splice acceptor for the coding exon starting at -71 bp relative to the adenine of the initiating methionine. This genomic structure is similar to that of the m4 gene (Wood, I. C., Roopra, A., Harrington, C. A., and Buckley, N. J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 30933-30940 and Wood, I. C., Roopra, A., and Buckley, N. J. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 14221-14225). Like the m4 gene, the m1 promoter lacks TATA and CAAT consensus motifs, and the first exon and 5'-flanking region are not gc-rich. The 5'-flanking region also contains the consensus regulatory elements Sp-1, NZF-1, AP-1, AP-2, E-box, NFkappaB, and Oct-1. Unike the m4 promoter, there is no evidence of a RE1/NRSE silencer element in the m1 promoter. Deletional analysis and transient transfection assays demonstrates that reporter constructs containing 0.9 kb of 5'-flanking sequence and the first exon are sufficient to drive cell-specific expression of reporter gene in IMR32 neuroblastoma cells while remaining silent in 3T3 fibrobasts.
Chromatographic Adsorption. I. An Efficient Utilization of Finely Powdered Adsorbents (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromatographic Adsorption. I. An Efficient Utilization of Finely Powdered AdsorbentsDwight Fay Mowery Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5047–5049Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Shaping Gain Adjustment Accuracy Using Atomic Force Microscope in Variably Shaped Electron-Beam Writing Systems (1997)

A method for the fine evaluation of shaping gain adjustment, in which resist patterns are measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), has been explained for the variably shaped electron-beam (EB) writing systems. The shaping gain coefficient was adjusted so that the length between two beams deflected by a shaping deflector is equal to a parameter given to the writing system. For the evaluation of the absolute values of the adjustment, the authors drew line and space patterns on a poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist. The authors measured the resist height at the shot boundary with an AFM. When the beam size is equal to the shot pitch, the resist height at the shot boundary becomes zero. From the beam size and the shaping-gain shift at which the resist height at the shot boundary becomes zero, beam-size error was calculated. From the beam-size error for various beam sizes, the shaping gain adjustment error of 0.3 nm for the 1 µ m beam size and the shaping-offset error of 6.0 nm have been obtained.
김치에서 분리한 저온성 젖산균의 배추즙에서의 배양 (1994)

본 연구는 김치에서 분리되어 Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum, Leu. lactis, Leu. paramesenleroides, Lac. bavaricus 및 Lac. homohiochii로 동정된 대표적인 저온성 젖산균 10균주에 대하여 발효과정에서의 동태와 역할을 예측하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 소금 2.5%를 함유하는 무균 배추즙에 각 젖산균의 starter를 0.01%를 접종하고 10℃에서 14일간 배양하였다. 모든 젖산균들은 왕성하게 증식하여 배양 4일에 정상기에 도달하였다. 사멸기에서 곡선의 기울기는 균주에 따라 크게 달랐다. 산도는 2일에서 4일 사이에 급격히 증가하였고, 5일 이후에는 매우 완만하게 증가하였다. pH는 2일과 3일 사이에 급격히 감소하였고, 4일 이후에는 매우 완만하게 감소하였다. 최종 배양액의 총산도는 0.52∼0.75%, 휘발성 산도는 0.04∼0.18%이었고, pH는 3.55∼3.85이었다. 관능검사 결과 Leuconostoc속 규주의 배양액이 Lactobacillus속의 배양액보다 flavor가 좋았다. 본 젖산균들을 김치 발효용 starter로 사용하고 저온에서 숙성 시키면 숙성 소요시간을 크게 단축시킬 수 있고, 과숙현상이 억제될 것으로 생각되었다.