gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Combination with CD133 Defines Angiogenic Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells That Portend Poor Patient Survival (2011)

Markers that reliably identify cancer stem cells (CSC) in ovarian cancer could assist prognosis and improve strategies for therapy. CD133 is a reported marker of ovarian CSC. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a reported CSC marker in several solid tumors, but it has not been studied in ovarian CSC. Here we report that dual positivity of CD133 and ALDH defines a compelling marker set in ovarian CSC. All human ovarian tumors and cell lines displayed ALDH activity. ALDH(+) cells isolated from ovarian cancer cell lines were chemoresistant and preferentially grew tumors, compared with ALDH(-) cells, validating ALDH as a marker of ovarian CSC in cell lines. Notably, as few as 1,000 ALDH(+) cells isolated directly from CD133(-) human ovarian tumors were sufficient to generate tumors in immunocompromised mice, whereas 50,000 ALDH(-) cells were unable to initiate tumors. Using ALDH in combination with CD133 to analyze ovarian cancer cell lines, we observed even greater growth in the ALDH(+)CD133(+) cells compared with ALDH(+)CD133(-) cells, suggesting a further enrichment of ovarian CSC in ALDH(+)CD133(+) cells. Strikingly, as few as 11 ALDH(+)CD133(+) cells isolated directly from human tumors were sufficient to initiate tumors in mice. Like other CSC, ovarian CSC exhibited increased angiogenic capacity compared with bulk tumor cells. Finally, the presence of ALDH(+)CD133(+) cells in debulked primary tumor specimens correlated with reduced disease-free and overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Taken together, our findings define ALDH and CD133 as a functionally significant set of markers to identify ovarian CSCs.
A Study of the Epidermal Capillary Unit in Psoriasis (1969)

Research Articles| October 27 2009 A Study of the Epidermal Capillary Unit in Psoriasis Subject Area: Dermatology , Immunology and Allergy T.J. Ryan T.J. Ryan Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Dermatologica (1969) 138 (6): 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1159/000254017 Article history Received: February 09 1968 Published Online: October 27 2009 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T.J. Ryan; A Study of the Epidermal Capillary Unit in Psoriasis. Dermatologica 1 June 1969; 138 (6): 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1159/000254017 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsDermatology Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1969Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A new blood pressure measurement using dual-cuffs (2008)

Most automatic sphygmomanometers use oscillometric method with a blood pressure cuff. Conventional oscillometric sphygmomanometer is simple to use and it needs no peripheral device. However, the method provides no guarantee of accuracy in all circumstance, because it is based on statistics. In this paper, we propose a new oscillometric method with two cuffs. A cuff is placed on upper arm as usual and another cuff is added on forearm. By adding one more blood pressure cuff, there are two different waveforms are shown and the different characteristics between both cuffs can be compared. The results of our experiments show that it is possible to measure blood pressure using dual-cuff oscillometric method.
Improved bounds for the max-flow min-multicut ratio for planar and K-free graphs (1993)

We consider the version of the multicommodity flow problem in which the objective is to maximize the sum of commodities routed. Garg, Vazirani and Yannakakis proved that the minimum multicut and maximum flow ratio for this problem can be bounded by O(log k), where k is the number of commodities. In this note we improve this ratio to O(1) for planar graphs, and more generally to O(r3) for graphs with an excluded Kr, r minor. The proof is based on the network decomposition theorem of Klein, Plotkin and Rao. Our proof is constructive and yields approximation algorithms, with the same factors, for the minimum multicut problem on such networks.
Moisture effects on a knitted waveguide (2016)

Previously, we proposed a knitted textile waveguide working at X-band. Such wearable devices will experience various environmental conditions such as getting wet when applied in practice. In this paper, we have investigated the impact of moisture on the performance of a knitted textile waveguide. The results show that moisture has significant influences on the knitted waveguide's performance. Therefore, the knitted waveguide needs to be water-proofed properly in real-life applications.
Field-realigned nematic-liquid-crystal optical waveguides (1974)

An external electric field exerts volume torque on the nematic liquid crystal due to the anisotropic molecular polarizability and tends to reorient the molecular axes. Phase-velocity tuning in these materials is thus possible. Eigenmodes of thin-film liquid-crystal waveguides are analyzed by a numerical method. A three-layer model of the waveguides is found to be in good agreement with the measured data, thus providing a simplified model for conceptual thinking as well as for computation.
C. difficile Infection: Changing Epidemiology and Management Paradigms (2015)

The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been rising in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and within the community. Cases have been more severe with more complications, deaths, and higher healthcare-associated costs. With the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of C. difficile and the increasing prevalence of community-acquired CDI among healthy patients without traditional risk factors, the epidemiology of C. difficile has been evolving. This changing epidemiology requires a change in management. Taking into account new risk factors for CDI and growing subpopulations of affected individuals, diagnostic, treatment, and prevention approaches need to be adjusted.
Creativity and Tolerance of Ambiguity: An Empirical Study (2008)

This study examines the relationship between creativity and tolerance of ambiguity. Participants were parents and their adolescent children. Three measures of creativity were used: a divergent thinking task, a story‐writing task and self‐evaluation of creative attitudes and behavior. Participants completed two self‐report measures of tolerance of ambiguity: the short version of the “Measurement of Ambiguity Tolerance” (Norton, 1975; Zenasni & Lubart, 2001) and the “Behaviour Scale of Tolerance/Intolerance for Ambiguity” (Stoycheva, 1998, 2003). Tolerance of ambiguity was significantly and positively related to creativity. Creativity of parents was related to their adolescents' creativity. However, parents' tolerance of ambiguity was not related to adolescents' tolerance of ambiguity or creativity.
Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis and Immunologic Control (1970)

TYPHOID fever is a disease unique to man. No other animal species acquires an illness simulating typhoid fever after oral ingestion of the organism. This lack of a suitable experimental animal has hindered the acquisition of knowledge on pathogenesis and control. This presentation will summarize the experience gained in the study of healthy volunteers infected with typhoid bacilli. The purpose of these ongoing investigations has been to develop better methods of prevention and control of disease. The primary objective has been the quantitative evaluation of experimental and conventional vaccines. Such studies have permitted a careful analysis of pathogenesis.Typhoid vaccine . . .
The Molecular Nature of Circulating Growth Hormone in Normal and Acromegalic Man: Evidence for a Principal and Minor Monomeric Forms* (1983)

Human GH (hGH) extracted from pituitary glands consists of several molecular forms. Monomeric pituitary forms include the single chain 22,000-dalton polypeptide (22K; hGH-B), a 20,000-dalton variant with a 15-amino acid deletion (20K), 3 proteolytically cleaved 2-chain forms (hGH-C, -D, and -E), 2 deamidated forms, an acetylated form (fast hGH), and other, only partially characterized forms. It is not known which of these forms is secreted, nor what the precise nature of circulating hGH is. To answer these questions, we have extracted hGH from human plasma obtained by plasmapheresis from normal volunteers after L-dopa stimulation of hGH secretion and from acromegalic patients. We extracted and concentrated hGH by immunoadsorbent chromatography and examined its chemical nature by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing (sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea), nonreducing and reducing (dithiothreitol) conditions as well as by isoelectric focusing. In all cases, the predominant form of hGH present in plasma was 22K, which accounted for approximately 85% of all immunoreactive hGH. In addition, we found evidence for the presence of 20K as a minor form (approximately 7% of all hGH) and of one or more acidic forms (N-acetylated, deamidated, or cleaved hGH; 5-10% of all hGH). Exact identification of the acidic form(s) was not possible. However, the highly bioactive cleaved forms hGH-D and -E were judged to be undetectable (less than 5% of all hGH). We conclude that 1) several monomeric molecular forms of hGH circulate in normal and acromegalic man; 2) the pattern of circulating hGH forms reflects in part their relative prevalence in the pituitary gland; 3) proteolytically cleaved 2-chain hGH forms with enhanced bioactivity are not detectable in blood; and 4) monomeric hGH circulating in acromegaly is qualitatively indistinguishable from normal hGH.
Human Herpesvirus 6 DNA in Blood Cells of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men: Correlation of High Levels with High CD4 Cell Counts (1994)

The relationship between human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to AIDS was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction to quantitate HHV-6 genome equivalents in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and saliva of 32 HIV-1-seropositive men. Unlike other herpesviruses, HHV-6 was found with higher frequency and in higher copy numbers of HIV-infected men with high rather than low CD4 cell counts. Among subjects with > 400 CD4 cells/mL, 100% had detectable HHV-6 genomes in PBMC compared with 57.9% of subjects with < 400 CD4 cells/mL (P < .05). There was no significant correlation between HHV-6 antibody titer or number of amplifiable copies of HHV-6 DNA in saliva and stage of HIV disease or CD4 cell number.
The ATP-dependent Clp protease of Escherichia coli. Sequence of clpA and identification of a Clp-specific substrate. (1990)

The clpA gene, which codes for the ATP-binding subunit of the ATP-dependent Clp protease of Escherichia coli, has been sequenced. The coding region contains a single open reading frame for a protein of 758 amino acids; within the amino acid sequence are two consensus sequences for ATP-binding sites. The sequence of ClpA does not resemble that of other previously described ATPases or Lon, the other sequenced ATP-dependent protease of E. coli, except in the ATP-binding site consensus region. The clpA gene is expressed as a monocistronic message. Primer extension experiments define a major start point of transcription at -183 relative to the start of translation. A rho-independent terminator is located 23 bases beyond the end of the coding region. The ClpA protein is degraded in vivo in a Clp-dependent fashion (t1/2 approximately 60 min). A fusion protein containing the first 40 amino acids of ClpA fused in frame to beta-galactosidase is degraded very rapidly in a clpA+ host (t1/2 approximately 3 min) but not in a clpA- host. This fusion protein is the first Clp-specific substrate described.
Enabling alarm correlation for a mobile agent based system and network management - a wrapper concept (2005)

Solutions for system and network management given today are afflicted with two main shortcomings, namely the centralised approach they are based on and the inadequate addressing of heterogeneous environments. While the latter is the main concern of, for example, Web-based management activities, the aspect of centralisation is not being covered to full extend. With regard to the explosive growth of computer systems and networks both in size and complexity, new approaches therefore have to be evaluated which address all problems caused by complexity and heterogeneity. Mobile agent technology is being discussed as a promising new technology for various application areas, with management being one of the most promising. In this paper, problems arising when trying to apply this new technology to system and network management are identified and discussed. The focus is on how to handle the overall complexity with mobile agents, which are limited in size, knowledge, and functionality. An architecture is presented which introduces various types of mobile agents. By determining the required correlation sequence and identifying the co-operation of agents, it is shown how an alarm correlation with mobile agents can be established, which forms the basis for addressing management tasks with mobile agent technology.
Competitive Abilities of <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> Strains Considered to Have Potential as Inoculants (1982)

Twenty four strains of Rhizobium meliloti considered to have potential for inoculant production were grouped in pairs and tested for their ability to compete for nodulation on Medicago sativa, Medicago truncatula, and Medicago littoralis. At the outset, each pair of strains, which consisted of a wild type and a selected streptomycin-resistant mutant of another strain, was tested in an autoclaved soil. Six strain pairs, each consisting of a good and a poor competitor, reacted consistently when tested in each of five other autoclaved soils; eight pairs consisting of strains with comparable competitive abilities varied in their reactions in some of the soils, or even in the same soil when retested. An effect of soil pH on competitive ability was observed with some of these strains. Not all of the strains identified as good competitors on one or more of the Medicago spp. in the autoclaved soils were able to nodulate these plants satisfactorily in a field soil containing an established population of R. meliloti. Strain RF24, which seemed to be the best competitor on each of the three Medicago spp., grouped among the less effective strains on two of the legumes. Two strains of R. meliloti frequently used for inoculant production differed markedly with regard to competitive ability; this places some doubt on the relevancy of singling out competitive ability for special attention when selecting a strain for inoculant production.
Annulated Heterocyclic Bioisosteres of Norarecoline. Synthesis and Molecular Pharmacology at Five Recombinant Human Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (1995)

A series of O-alkylated analogs of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-isoxazolo[4,5-c]azepin-3-ol (THAO) were synthesized and characterized as ligands for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). O-Methyl-THAO (4a), O-ethyl-THAO (4b), O-isopropyl-THAO (4c), and O-propargyl-THAO (4d) were shown to be potent inhibitors of the binding of tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), pirenzepine (PZ), and oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M) to tissue membrane preparations. In the [3H]-Oxo-M binding assay, receptor affinities in the low nanomolar range were measured for 4a (IC50 = 0.010 microM), 4b (IC50 = 0.003 microM), 4c (IC50 = 0.011 microM), and 4d (IC50 = 0.0008 microM). Pharmacological effects (EC50 or Ki values) and intrinsic activities (per cent of maximal carbachol responses) were determined using five recombinant human mAChRs (m1-m5) and the functional assay, receptor selection and amplification technology (R-SAT). Compound 4c antagonized carbachol-induced responses at m1, m3, and m5. With the exception of 4b, which was an antagonist at m5, 4a,b,d showed partial agonism at m1-m5 with very similar subtype selectivity (m2 > m4 > m1 > or = m3 > m5). Agonist index values for 4a-d, which were calculated from [3H]QNB (brain) and [3H]Oxo-M (brain) binding data, were shown to be predictive of pharmacologically determined intrinsic activities at m1-m5, the same rank order of intrinsic activity being observed at all five mAChRs (4a > 4d > 4b > 4c). It is concluded that within this class of high-affinity mAChR (m1-m5) ligands, containing secondary amino groups, minor changes of the bioisosteric ester alkyl groups have marked effects on potency and, in particular, intrinsic activity.
An Improved Procedure for the Quantitative Estimation of the Rust Fungus in Infected Plant Tissue (1986)

Abstract A quantitative estimation of the rust fungus in infected wheat leaves was possible following enzymatic hydrolysis of the chitin and colorimetric determination of the N-acetyl-glucosamine released. The apparently complex cell wall structure of the fungal structures made it necessary, however, to use an enzyme mixture of chitinase and cellulase in order to make accessible the chitin of the cell wall for diges­tion by chitinase. In applying this method the measurement is not appreciably influenced by already formed uredio-spores as would otherwise be the case were the chitin to be determined on the basis of glucosamine after chemical hydrolysis.
Large-Scale Association Studies of Variants in Genes Encoding the Pancreatic β-Cell KATP Channel Subunits Kir6.2 (<i>KCNJ11</i>) and SUR1 (<i>ABCC8</i>) Confirm That the <i>KCNJ11</i> E23K Variant Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

The genes ABCC8 and KCNJ11, which encode the subunits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.2) of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel, control insulin secretion. Common polymorphisms in these genes (ABCC8 exon 16-3t/c, exon 18 T/C, KCNJ11 E23K) have been variably associated with type 2 diabetes, but no large ( approximately 2,000 subjects) case-control studies have been performed. We evaluated the role of these three variants by studying 2,486 U.K. subjects: 854 with type 2 diabetes, 1,182 population control subjects, and 150 parent-offspring type 2 diabetic trios. The E23K allele was associated with diabetes in the case-control study (odds ratio [OR] 1.18 [95% CI 1.04-1.34], P = 0.01) but did not show familial association with diabetes. Neither the exon 16 nor the exon 18 ABCC8 variants were associated with diabetes (1.04 [0.91-1.18], P = 0.57; 0.93 [0.71-1.23], P = 0.63, respectively). Meta-analysis of all case-control data showed that the E23K allele was associated with type 2 diabetes (K allele OR 1.23 [1.12-1.36], P = 0.000015; KK genotype 1.65 [1.34-2.02], P = 0.000002); but the ABCC8 variants were not associated. Our results confirm that E23K increases risk of type 2 diabetes and show that large-scale association studies are important for the identification of diabetes susceptibility alleles.
T helper phenotype and genetic susceptibility in experimental Lyme disease. (1995)

Infection of inbred mice with Borrelia burgdorferi results in strain-specific variation in the severity of pathogen-induced arthritis: BALB/c mice develop only mild disease whereas C3H/HeJ mice develop severe arthritis. The immunologic basis for varying host susceptibility has yet to be defined. We modified experimental Lyme disease to facilitate measurement of antigen-specific cytokine production in resistant and susceptible mice. The analysis revealed highly polarized lymphokine patterns directly linked to differing disease outcomes. Among the inbred strains of mice challenged with B. burgdorferi, production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) correlated to resistance whereas production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) correlated to susceptibility. We also demonstrate that production of IL-4 or IFN-gamma regulates the severity of arthritis after infection. Neutralization of IL-4 in resistant BALB/c mice resulted in more severe arthritis whereas neutralization of IFN-gamma in susceptible C3H/HeJ mice attenuated the severity of disease. These results suggest a primary relationship between T helper cell phenotype and the genetic basis for susceptibility to experimental Lyme borreliosis.
Codon-Optimization of Wild-Type Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Sequences Enhances DNA Family Shuffling while Conserving Functionality (2018)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become one of the most widely used gene transfer tools in human gene therapy. Considerable effort is currently being focused on AAV capsid engineering strategies with the aim of developing novel variants with enhanced tropism for specific human cell types, decreased human seroreactivity, and increased manufacturability. Selection strategies based on directed evolution rely on the generation of highly variable AAV capsid libraries using methods such as DNA-family shuffling, a technique reliant on stretches of high DNA sequence identity between input parental capsid sequences. This identity dependence for reassembly of shuffled capsids is inherently limiting and results in decreased shuffling efficiency as the phylogenetic distance between parental AAV capsids increases. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel codon-optimization algorithm that exploits evolutionarily defined codon usage at each amino acid residue in the parental sequences. This method increases average sequence identity between capsids, while enhancing the probability of retaining capsid functionality, and facilitates incorporation of phylogenetically distant serotypes into the DNA-shuffled libraries. This technology will help accelerate the discovery of an increasingly powerful repertoire of AAV capsid variants for cell-type and disease-specific applications.