gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive transmission of images using subband coding (2003)

The authors investigate the application of subband coding (SBC) to the progressive transmission of images. The main objective of progressive transmission is to allow the receiver to recognize a picture as quickly as possible at minimum cost. After this it can be decided to receive further picture details or to abort the transmission. SBC turns out to be very suitable for such a system, because the low-pass version of the image is easily recognized for any image type. Further details of the picture are obtained by sequentially receiving the (encoded) higher bandpass versions of the image. Because SBC has good data compression properties, not many bits are needed to transmit the low-pass image and the other subbands. Comparisons to other progressive transmission schemes, such as 8*8 block DCT (discrete cosine transform) encoding, show that SBC is favorable, both in mean-squared error and in a subjective sense.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluating UMLS strings for natural language processing. (2001)

The National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a rich source of knowledge in the biomedical domain. The UMLS is used for research and development in a range of different applications, including natural language processing (NLP). In this paper we investigate the nature of the strings found in the UMLS Metathesaurus and evaluate them for their usefulness in NLP. We begin by identifying a number of properties that might allow us to predict the likelihood of a given string being found or not found in a corpus. We use a statistical model to test these predictors against our corpus, which is derived from the MEDLINE database. For one set of properties the model correctly predicted 77% of the strings that do not belong to the corpus, and 85% of the strings that do belong to the corpus. For another set of properties the model correctly predicted 96% of the strings that do not belong to the corpus and 29% of the strings that do belong to the corpus.
Listeriosis in Adults: A Changing Pattern. Report of Eight Cases and Review of the Literature, 1968-1978 (1980)

One hundred eighty-six cases of adult listeriosis are reviewed. Listeria infections appear to be increasing in frequency, and some of the clinical characteristics of infection have changed since the last critical review. Meningitis remains the most common form of listeriosis in adults. Prominent clinical features of meningitis include ataxia, tremors, seizures, and fluctuating consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid findings are variable; the result of gram stain is usually negative. Nonmeningitic infections of the central nervous system are characterized by an acute onset of hemiparesis or cranial nerve palsies. Blood cultures almost invariably yield Listeria monocytogenes. Primary listeria bacteremia, previously considered rare, is being reported with increasing frequency. Patients with malignancy, those receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and pregnant women seem particularly prone to this form of listeriosis. Listeria endocarditis is increasing in frequency and clinically resembles other forms of subacute endocarditis. Most patients with listeria endocarditis have an underlying, predisposing heart lesion. Renal transplant recipients are particularly prone to develop listeriosis. Mortality in listeriosis is highest among individuals with infection of the central nervous system, those with an underlying malignancy, and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
Bacteria detection based on the evolution of enzyme-generated volatile organic compounds: Determination of Listeria monocytogenes in milk samples (2014)

The rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in food is essential to prevent food-borne illness in humans. The aim of this study was to differentiate non-contaminated milk from milk contaminated with L. monocytogenes using enzyme substrates coupled with the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The method is based on the activity of β-glucosidase and hippuricase enzymes and the detection of a specific VOC i.e. 2-nitrophenol and 3-fluoroaniline, respectively. VOCs were extracted, separated and detected by headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC-MS). This approach required the inclusion of the selective agent's cycloheximide, nalidixic acid and acriflavine HCl in the growth medium to inhibit interfering bacteria. The VOCs were liberated by L. monocytogenes provided that samples contained at least 1-1.5×10(2) CFU ml(-1) of milk prior to overnight incubation. This approach shows potential for future development as a rapid method for the detection of L. monocytogenes contaminated milk.
Structural models of activated γ-alumina surfaces revisited: Thermodynamics, NMR and IR spectroscopies from ab initio calculations (2013)

The activation of highly catalytic γ-alumina surfaces by thermal treatment and the description of the related chemical processes at atomic scale is a topical issue. According to a recent study [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 14430], the enhanced reactivity of γ-alumina has been associated to tri-coordinated aluminum sites which supposedly are exposed exclusively on the (1 1 0) surfaces of this oxide. In this work, we explore this possibility by modeling the (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) terminations using Krokidis et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 5121] bulk structure and performing an extensive search of the most stable hydrated surface models at conditions consistent with experiment. Among the 156 structures analyzed, we identify several “metastable” models for the (1 1 0) surface with a considerable probability of containing the AlIII centers at OH coverages of 9.0 and 6.0 OH/nm2. We then test the reactivity of these sites through their Lewis acidity by simulating the CO adsorbtion on the surface and our results confirm the high reactivity of AlIII centers. Based on the Gibbs free energy of the explored structures, we carry on a thermodynamical analysis at varying hydroxylation degrees and pretreatment temperatures and simulate the experimental volcano-type behavior reported in [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 14430] and predict the optimum pretreatment temperature as 700 °C, in very good agreement with experimental findings. We further use infrared and solid state MAS NMR spectroscopies and reproduce the 1H MAS NMR spectra under high vacuum conditions (10-5 Torr). The strong resemblance of spectra to the experimental ones in the literature [J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012) 834] validate further the structural models we have generated in this study.
Conserved Bacterial-Binding Peptides of the Scavenger-Like Human Lymphocyte Receptor CD6 Protect From Mouse Experimental Sepsis (2018)

Sepsis is an unmet clinical need constituting one of the most important causes of death worldwide, a fact aggravated by the appearance of multidrug resistant strains due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Host innate immune receptors involved in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition represent a source of broad-spectrum therapies alternative or adjunctive to antibiotics. Among the few members of the ancient and highly conserved scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF) sharing bacterial-binding properties there is CD6, a lymphocyte-specific surface receptor. Here, we analyze the bacterial-binding properties of three conserved short peptides (11-mer) mapping at extracellular SRCR domains of human CD6 (CD6.PD1, GTVEVRLEASW; CD6.PD2 GRVEMLEHGEW; and CD6.PD3, GQVEVHFRGVW). All peptides show high binding affinity for PAMPs from Gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide; <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> from 3.5 to 3,000 nM) and Gram-positive (lipoteichoic acid; <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> from 36 to 680 nM) bacteria. The CD6.PD3 peptide possesses broad bacterial-agglutination properties and improved survival of mice undergoing polymicrobial sepsis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Accordingly, CD6.PD3 triggers a decrease in serum levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial load. Interestingly, CD6.PD3 shows additive survival effects on septic mice when combined with Imipenem/Cilastatin. These results illustrate the therapeutic potential of peptides retaining the bacterial-binding properties of native CD6.
Osmium-catalyzed vicinal oxyamination of olefins by N-chloro-N-metallocarbamates (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOsmium-catalyzed vicinal oxyamination of olefins by N-chloro-N-metallocarbamatesEugenio Herranz and K. Barry SharplessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 13, 2710–2713Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01301a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01301a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views737Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effects of oral creatine supplementation on performance in single and repeated sprint swimming (1998)

We studied the effects of oral creatine supplementation on sprint swimming performance in 14 elite competitive male swimmers. The subjects performed a single sprint (1 x 50 yards [45.72 m]) and repeated sprint set (8 x 50 yards at intervals of 1 min 30 s) before and after a 5 day period of either creatine (9 g creatine + 4.5 g maltodextrin + 4.5 g glucose day(-1)) or placebo (18 g glucose day(-1); double-blind protocol) supplementation. Venous and capillary blood samples were taken for the determination of plasma ammonia, blood pH and lactate. Mean times recorded for the single 50 yard sprint were unchanged as a result of supplementation (creatine vs control, N.S.). During the repeated sprint test, mean times increased (P< 0.01, main effect time) during all trials, but performance was improved as a result of creatine supplementation (sprints 1-8: control pre-, 23.35+/-0.68 to 26.32+/-1.34 s; control post-, 23.59+/-0.66 to 26.19+/-1.48 s; creatine pre-, 23.20+/-0.67 to 26.85+/-0.42 s; creatine post-, 23.39+/-0.54 to 25.73+/-0.26 s; P < 0.03, group x trial interaction). Thus the percentage decline in performance times was reduced after creatine supplementation (control, 12.7+/-5.7% vs 11.0+/-5.5%; creatine, 15.7+/-4.3% vs 10.0+/-2.5%; P< 0.05, group x trial interaction). The metabolic response was similar before and after supplementation, with no differences in the blood lactate or pH response. Plasma ammonia was lower on the second trial (P< 0.05, main effect trial), but this could not be attributed to the effect of supplementation (group x trial interaction, N.S.). A further urinary analysis study supported these findings by demonstrating an approximately 67% (approximately 26 g) retention of the administered creatine in this group of swimmers after an identical supplementation regimen. In summary, our results suggest that ingesting 9 g creatine per day for 5 days can improve swimming performance in elite competitors during repeated sprints, but appears to have no effect on a single 50 yard sprint.
Just noticeable difference in depth model for stereoscopic 3D displays (2010)

The most distinguishing feature of 3D display systems, compared to their traditional 2D counterparts, is their ability to provide an additional perception of depth to its viewers. Thus, the mechanisms behind human depth perception play a significant role in 3D video systems. While there has been significant amounts of research carried out to understand human depth perception, in the areas of physiology and psychology, its applicability to 3D display systems is seldom spoken. Understanding the mechanisms of depth perception is of utmost importance to the development of 3D video technologies that are heavily based on exploitation of human perception. In this paper, it is explained with the aid of existing physiological and psychological models how humans perceive depth in 3D video displays. Based on these explanations a mathematical model is derived to explain the just noticeable difference in depth (JNDD) as perceived by a viewer, watching 3D video. The derived model is experimentally validated on an auto-stereoscopic display. This model is expected to be useful in both 3D content productions as well as in 3D content processing and compression.
Endogenous endotoxin-core antibody (EndoCAb) as a marker of endotoxin exposure and a prognostic indicator: a review. (1995)

The EndoCAb ELISA was originally devised by us to screen blood donor plasma forhigh-titre antibodies to endotoxin core which are cross-reactive with endotoxins of a numberof Gram-negative bacterial species and strains, and was then applied to a variety of clinicalstudies. The assay was devised by studying large numbers of healthy adults (blood donors)using a variety of R-LPS and S-LPS alone and in different combinations in ELISA. The finalform of what we have called the EndoCAb ELISA was comprised of an equimolar cocktailof an incomplete-core R-LPS from each of four species ( E.coli, P.aeruginosa, K.aerogenesand S.typhimurium ). Each R-LPS preserved an intact inner core but did not expresscomplete outer core (i.e. an Rc or Rb LPS where available). Each R-LPS was complexedwith polymyxin B, and the cocktail was coated on a brand of polystyrene microplate selectedfor optimal EndoCAb ELISA characteristics, as previously described (Scott & Barclay,1987; Barclay & Scott, 1987; Scott & Barclay, 1990; Scott, et al. 1990).
Synthesen mit Trichloracetonitril (1965)

Abstract Es werden Ester und Nitrile des Typs I durch Addition von CH‐aciden Verbindungen an Trichloracetonitril erhalten. Dabei kann eine Acetylgruppe solvolytisch abgespalten werden (II). Bestimmte Amine eliminieren die Trichlormethylgruppe in I als Chloroform, wobei 2‐substituierte N‐Alkyl‐3,3‐diaminoacrylsäureester bzw.‐nitrile(III–VI) entstehen. Einige 2‐substituierte 3‐Amino‐3‐hydrazinoacrylsäureester bzw. ‐nitrile cyclisieren unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu Pyrazolen (IX, X).
DELAYING TRANSPLANTATION AFTER TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION IS A SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE MORTALITY AFTER MAJOR H2 INCOMPATIBLE TRANSPLANTATION1 (1997)

This 2- to 3-month early mixed chimerism in TBI+day 4 transplanted animals might be related to lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 both of which have been shown to stimulate lymphohematopoiesis and was associated with lower acute GVHD mortality. The data again demonstrated in immunologically normal BALB/c mice that delaying allogeneic transplantation after TBI is a simple and effective way to reduce acute GVHD mortality, achieve satisfactory engraftment and significantly increase overall survival.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Haouamine A (2006)

The first total synthesis of the highly complex and potent anticancer agent haouamine A is reported through an eight-step sequence. Brevity of the sequence and complete control of chemo-, position-, and stereoselectivity (both planar and axial chirality) were possible through the invention of chemistry specifically tailored for the problems at hand, namely a cascade annulation proceeding via a hitherto unknown chemical entity for the indeno-tetrahydropyridine ring system as well as a pyrone-assisted stitching of the daunting bent-aromatic ring.
Iterative image formation using fast (Re/Back)-projection for spotlight-mode SAR (2011)

Iterative SAR image formation can visually improve image reconstructions from under-sampled phase histories by approximately solving a regularised least squares problem. For iterative inversion to be computationally feasible, fast algorithms for the observation matrix and its adjoint must be available. We demonstrate how fast, N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N complexity, (re/back) projection algorithms can be used as accurate approximations for the observation matrix and its adjoint, without the limiting assumptions of other N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N methods, e.g. the polar format algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of iterative methods using a publicly available SAR dataset. Matlab/C code implementations of the fast (re/back)-projection algorithms used in this paper have been made available.
A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic and logistic regression analysis of lotrafiban in patients (2001)

Patients whose age exceeded 65 years or whose creatinine clearance was less than 60 mL/min should be given a lower dose of lotrafiban than younger patients with good renal function.
Effects of Different Hematocrit Levels on Glucose Measurements With Handheld Meters for Point-of-Care Testing (2000)

We strongly recommend that clinical professionals choose glucose systems carefully and interpret glucose measurements with extreme caution when the patient's hematocrit value changes, particularly if there is a simultaneous change in glucose level.
A Survey of Location Privacy Preservation in Social Internet of Vehicles (2020)

Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) is an emerging complex network where the features of Social Networks are applied to the SIoV system. User location data forms the basis for the implementation of SIoV functions. However, this type of data contains a large amount of user personal information, which may cause privacy leakage if it is stolen. Protecting the privacy of the user location can eliminate concerns about the leakage of user personal privacy data, increase users' viscosity, and help to contribute to the improvement of the SIoV system. This paper systematically analyzes the location privacy protection technology utilized in recent years in the field of SIoV, proposes three types of user data location privacy protection technology, and evaluates the performance of these technologies. We further present some potential future research directions for location privacy protection technology through the analysis and summary of existing work.
TLR Ligands Induce Antiviral Responses in Chicken Macrophages (2014)

Chicken macrophages express several receptors for recognition of pathogens, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from bacterial or viral pathogens leading to the activation of macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in immunity against viruses, including influenza viruses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that treatment of chicken macrophages with TLR ligands reduces avian influenza replication. Furthermore, we sought to study the expression of some of the key mediators involved in the TLR-mediated antiviral responses of macrophages. Chicken macrophages were treated with the TLR2, 3, 4, 7 and 21 ligands, Pam3CSK4, poly(I:C), LPS, R848 and CpG ODN, respectively, at different doses and time points pre- and post-H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. The results revealed that pre-treatment of macrophages with Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN reduced the replication of AIV in chicken macrophages. In addition, the relative expression of genes involved in inflammatory and antiviral responses were quantified at 3, 8 and 18 hours post-treatment with the TLR2, 4 and 21 ligands. Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-β and interferon regulatory factor (IFR) 7. The expression of these genes correlated with the reduction of viral replication in macrophages. These results shed light on the process of immunity to AIV in chickens.
Repeatability of Residual Stress Measurements (2015)

Residual stresses are of interest from an engineering perspective because they can have a significant influence on material performance. For example, fatigue initiation, fatigue crack growth rate, stress corrosion cracking, and fracture are all influenced by the presence of residual stress. Current design methods for aerospace structure typically assume that the material is residual stress free. Tensile residual stresses are one of many design uncertainties that are accounted for through the use of safety margins. Modern, advanced design tools (e.g., finite element software) enable light-weight, sophisticated designs with reduced safety margins; however, uncertainty associated with residual stress limits the ability to further trim margins (i.e., residual stress is often treated as a known-unknown). Two common methods for residual stress measurement are incremental hole drilling and slitting. This paper establishes the repeatability of these techniques through replicate measurements on nominally similar specimens. Each technique was used to measure the residual stress in peened aluminum plates at multiple locations. A statistical analysis of the data was performed to compare the level of repeatability obtained using the two techniques. The standard deviation of the slitting method data was about 2% of the peak stress magnitude, compared with 5% for the hole drilling measurements.
Low coefficient complexity approximations of the one dimensional discrete cosine transform (2003)

A method for the design of arbitrarily exact Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) approximations that permits perfect reconstruction using fixed point arithmetic is presented. Simple quantization of floating point precision coefficients typically leads to DCT approximations which fail to meet the coding gain, Mean Square Error (MSE), and coefficient complexity (number of coefficient adders and subtractors) specifications. It is shown that it is possible to design DCT approximations with near optimal coding gains that meets the MSE and coefficient complexity requirements. Finite precision effects are discussed for these DCT approximations.