gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Dexamethasone Pretreatment Aggravates Ischemic Neuronal Necrosis (1986)

This study addresses the question of whether the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and diclofenac and the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone ameliorate neuronal necrosis following cerebral ischemia. In addition, since these drugs inhibit the production of prostaglandins and depress phospholipase A2 activity, respectively, the importance of free fatty acids (FFAs) on the development of ischemic neuronal damage was assessed. Neuronal damage was determined in the rat brain at 1 week following 10 min of forebrain ischemia. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors, whether given before or after ischemia, failed to alter the brain damage incurred. Animals given dexamethasone were divided into three groups and the drug was administered at a constant dosage of 2 mg/kg: (a) 2 days, 1 day, and 3 h intraperitoneally before (chronic pretreatment), (b) 3 h intraperitoneally before (acute pretreatment), and (c) 5 min intravenously and 6 h and 1 day intraperitoneally after (chronic posttreatment) induction of ischemia. Acute pretreatment did not affect the histopathological outcome. Chronic posttreatment of animals with dexamethasone ameliorated the damage inflicted on the caudate nucleus, but had no effect on other brain areas investigated. Unexpectedly, the chronic pretreatment aggravated the brain damage and caused seizures following ischemia. Histopathological data showed massive neuronal damage in these brains. The accumulation of FFA levels during ischemia was markedly suppressed, and the decrease in the energy charge was curtailed by chronic pretreatment with dexamethasone. However, brain glucose levels in control animals and lactic acid concentrations following 10 min of ischemia were significantly higher both in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus of dexamethasone-treated animals. These results suggest that aggravation of neuronal necrosis by chronic dexamethasone pretreatment could be ascribed to lactic acidosis due to hyperglycemia in combination with an action of dexamethasone on glucocorticoid receptors in the brain.
Catalyst deactivation 1987 : proceedings of the 4th international symposium, Antwerp, September 29-October 1, 1987 (1987)

(Abbreviated Titles). Coking of reforming catalysts. Models for sintering of supported metal catalysts. Deactivation of molybdenum catalysts by deposits during hydrotreating of coal-derived liquids and heavy petroleums. CoMo HDS catalysts. Mechanisms of nickel catalyst poisoning. Poisoning of hydrogenation catalysts. Carbon poisoning of Pt/SiO 2 catalysts. Coking on bifunctional catalysts. Deactivation on Pt/Al 2 O 3 and Sn-Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts in n-hexane conversion. Deactivation of Ag x Sb y O z /SiO 2 for the condensation of isobutene and formaldehyde. Deactivation of V 2 O 5 - TiO 2 for the oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride. Deactivation of alkali promoted magnesia in oxidative coupling of methane. Platinum reforming catalysts. Effect of rare earth on the carbon deposition on nickel catalyst. Prevention of growth of filamentary carbon in supported iron and nickel catalysts. Copper catalysts for the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile. Deactivation of catalysts in 1-butanol dehydration. Role of cobalt and nickel added to molybdenum-alumina in hydrotreating catalysts. Poisoning of hydrodesulfurization catalysts by vanadium. Mild hydrocracking. Coking of iron sulfide catalysts during hydroliquefaction of coal. Deactivation of Claus tail-gas treating catalysts. Characterization of carbonaceous compounds responsible for zeolite deactivation. Deactivation of platinum catalysts by electrochemical methods. Coke deposition on HZSM-5 zeolites. Reactor performance under conditions of pore-diffusion-limited catalyst deactivation. Stochastic modeling of catalyst deactivation by site coverage. Effects of intraparticle diffusion resistance and catalyst deactivation. Temperature programmed oxidation as an analysis technique for deactivated hydrotreating catalysts. High-pressure gravimetric study of carbon formation during CO hydrogenation over Fe/Al 2 O 3 . Acceleration of deactivation of Ag catalyst by periodic pulse technique for estimation of catalyst life. ``Stopped-flow desorption'' analysis of adsorbed species during n-butane oxidation in a flow reactor. Catalyst deactivation studies by a concentration-controlled recycle reactor. Promoter deactivation of platinum group metals promoted cracking catalysts. Optimal catalyst distribution in pellets with shell progressive poisoning. Accumulation of C, Fe and Ti foulants in coal liquefaction catalysts. Coke forming reactions during methanol conversion on zeolite catalysts. Coke deposition on Y-zeolites in methylnaphthalene isomerisation. Deactivation and reactivation of zeolite hydrocracking catalyst for residual oil. Mechanisms for thiophene poisoning of nickel catalysts. Effect of partial reduction on the thioresistance of Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Deactivation of a supported copper catalyst in the industrial aniline plant. Structure sensitive deactivation of supported palladium catalysts. Role of crystallite structure on mechanisms of coke and sulphur poisoning.
Estimating wall-shear-stress fluctuations given an outer region input (2013)

Abstract A model for the instantaneous wall-shear-stress distribution is presented for zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers. The model, based on empirical and theoretical considerations, is able to reconstruct a statistically representative fluctuating wall-shear-stress time-series, ${ \tau }_{w}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } (t)$ , using only the low-frequency content of the streamwise velocity measured in the logarithmic region, away from the wall. Results, including spectra and second-order moments, show that the model is capable of successfully capturing Reynolds number trends as observed in other studies.
Steenrod squares of polynomials and the Peterson conjecture (1989)

We are concerned in this paper with polynomials in n variables x i over the field 2 of two elements. The Steenrod squares Sq k are linear operators which act on the variables by the rules and on the product uv of homogeneous polynomials u and v by the Cartan formula
Effect of systemic insulin treatment on diabetic wound healing (2017)

This study investigates if different diabetic treatment regimens affect diabetic foot ulcer healing. From January 2013 to December 2014, 107 diabetic foot ulcers in 85 patients were followed until wound healing, amputation or development of a nonhealing ulcer at the last follow-up visit. Demographic data, diabetic treatment regimens, presence of peripheral vascular disease, wound characteristics, and outcome were collected. Nonhealing wound was defined as major or minor amputation or those who did not have complete healing until the last observation. Median age was 60.0 years (range: 31.1-90.1 years) and 58 cases (68.2%) were males. Twenty-four cases reached a complete healing (healing rate: 22.4%). The median follow-up period in subjects with classified as having chronic wounds was 6.0 months (range: 0.7-21.8 months). Insulin treatment was a part of diabetes management in 52 (61.2%) cases. Insulin therapy significantly increased the wound healing rate (30.3% [20/66 ulcers] vs. 9.8% [4/41 ulcers]) (p = 0.013). In multivariate random-effect logistic regression model, adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, type of diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, oral hypoglycemic use, wound infection, involved side, presence of Charcot's deformity, gangrene, osteomyelitis on x-ray, and serum hemoglobin A1C levels, insulin treatment was associated with a higher chance of complete healing (beta ± SE: 15.2 ± 6.1, p = 0.013). Systemic insulin treatment can improve wound healing in diabetic ulcers after adjusting for multiple confounding covariates.
A direct RF-undersampling retrodirective array system (2008)

A retrodirective antenna system is a smart antenna system where signals received from a source are automatically sent back in the direction of the source. Undersampling (also named bandpass sampling) is a signal processing technique with which an RF signal is directly sampled at a rate related to its bandwidth rather than its highest frequency. In this paper, we incorporate the undersampling technique into a retrodirective antenna system, resulting in a new and simplified smart RF transceiving architecture: no analog RF mixers and local oscillators for frequency down-conversion are required. This has lead to a significant reduction in the number of the RF components required and therefore in the cost of the retrodirective system. Both simulation and experiments are presented and they show the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Study of Melanin Bleaching After Immunohistochemistry of Melanin-containing Tissues (2014)

Melanin may interfere with immunohistochemical staining. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) bleaching, potassium permanganate bleaching, and potassium dichromate bleaching on melanin, tissue antigen, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) using melanin-containing and melanin-free tissue samples. Our results demonstrated that all 3 bleaching methods efficiently bleached melanin and partially destroyed tissue antigen. In addition, potassium permanganate bleaching and potassium dichromate bleaching clearly destroyed DAB, whereas TCCA bleaching had no significant effect on DAB. Therefore, neither potassium permanganate nor potassium dichromate is an ideal solution, whereas TCCA might be an ideal solution for melanin bleaching after the immunohistochemical staining of melanin-containing tissues. After immunostaining followed by TCCA bleaching, the melanin could be completely removed in all 120 malignant melanoma tissue sections. Compared with the control, the DAB intensity was clear, and the tissue structure and cellular nuclei were well maintained. It is worth noting that TCCA should be freshly prepared before each experiment, and used within 2 hours of its preparation. In addition, sections should not be incubated with TCCA for over 30 minutes.
Nebivolol Induces Calcium-Independent Signaling in Endothelial Cells by a Possible β-Adrenergic Pathway (2001)

Nebivolol is a highly selective beta1-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent with a peculiar pharmacodynamic profile. It has peripheral acute vasodilating properties that are mediated by modulation of the endogenous production of nitric oxide. In this study we analyzed the different signaling pathways implicated in the response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to nebivolol. Its effect on endothelial transduction pathways was determined by assaying phospholipase C and A2 activities and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) production. Variations in intracellular calcium concentration were also measured. Our results showed that nebivolol activates a calcium-independent transduction pathway that implicates an increase in adenylate cyclase and phospholipase A2 activity. Beta1- or beta2-Adrenoreceptor antagonists do not inhibit the action of nebivolol. However, its action on cyclic AMP production is inhibited by bupranolol, a beta1-3-adrenoreceptor antagonist, and S-(-)-cyanopindolol, a selective beta3-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Nebivolol also dose-dependently increased nitrite production. This effect was inhibited by bupranolol, suggesting that the possible action of nebivolol on beta3-adrenoreceptor is involved in its vasodilating properties. This study suggests that nebivolol could behave as a beta3-adrenoreceptor agonist and induce some calcium-independent pathways implicating phospholipase A2 and adenylate cyclase. This agonistic activity of nebivolol seems to be responsible for its endothelium-dependent vasodilating activity.
Adaptive video pacing method based on the prediction of stochastic TCP throughput (2012)

Many of the video streaming services on the Internet and mobile networks use HTTP/TCP for video transport. Video streaming clients are generally designed to download a sufficient amount of data to avoid playback interruption caused by the lower TCP throughput. Storing more video data than necessary may generate a large amount of wasted traffic when users quit playing video before all of the downloaded video data are played. To prevent downloading unnecessary video data, HTTP downloading with just-in-time delivery features, called video pacing, is focused on. However, video pacing may cause playback discontinuity, resulting from a decrease in the playout buffer size. This is because conventional video pacing methods control the playout buffer size without considering the TCP throughput fluctuation. In this paper, we propose an adaptive video pacing method that enables both reducing unnecessary video traffic and maintaining user-perceived quality. The proposed method has two unique video-pacing functionalities, namely, predicting the stochastic diffusion of TCP throughput and controlling the playout buffer size by taking into account the future throughput. Experimental results from simulating mobile networks show that the proposed method can decrease the average playout buffer size in stable environments by up to 42.62% compared with the conventional methods. Moreover, the frequency of the playback discontinuity of the proposed method is shown to be up to 34.1% less than that of the conventional methods in unstable environments.
Negotiating Movement Disorders (2006)

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Laparoscopic Operative Retroperitoneoscopy: Use of a New Device (1992)

Attempts at retroperitoneoscopy have mostly failed in the past due to the inability to create an effective pneumoretroperitoneum because of the dense areolar tissue binding the fat in the retroperitoneum, which could not be broken down merely by pneumo-insufflation. The newly devised balloon breaks the septae, lifts the peritoneum atraumatically and creates a workable space in the retroperitoneum. The view of the retroperitoneal structures provided is satisfactory. With this balloon dissector we have performed laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, renoscopy and renal biopsy, para-aortic lymph node biopsy and ligation of the internal spermatic vein.
Chiral Separations, Applications and Technology (1998)

Chiral Separations and Technology: An Overview Commercial Manufacture of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Studies on Enantioselective Synthesis Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions Stereoselective Analysis in Crop Protection Chiral Separation Methods Development of Chiral Methods Stereoselective Renal Elimination of Drugs Stereochemical Analyses of Food Components Chromatography as a Separation Tool for the Preparative Resolution of Racemic Compounds Enantioselective Transport Through Liquid Membranes
Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy Spectra of Drain Current of Si-Implanted GaAs Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Having Large and Small Low-Frequency Oscillations (1991)

We report on the drain-current (Id) Deep-level transient s-pectroscopy (DLTS) spectra of Si-implanted metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) with strong or weak Id low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) under the condition of high drain voltages (3 V-7 V). We found no distinguishing features directly related to the Id-LFO in these spectra having large peaks characteristic of the DLTS spectrum. These results imply that deep centers in the MESFET channel layer are not the direct origin of the Id-LFO.
Reduced polysialic acid capsule expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K1 mutants with chromosomal defects in <i>kpsF</i> (1997)

Neuroinvasive Escherichia coli K1 synthesizes and assembles a polysialic acid capsule virulence factor on the external leaflet of the outer membrane. This capsule functions in pathogenesis by blocking non-immune host defence mechanisms and acting as a relatively non-immunogenic molecular mimic of the polysialic acid chains found in high concentrations on neural cell adhesion molecules of the human embryo and neonate. The synthetic, regulatory and export components for capsule expression are encoded in three functionally distinct gene blocks or regions of the 20 kb kps 'pathogenicity island'. These regions are organized as two convergently transcribed operons inserted into the monocistronic tRNA gene, pheV. The six genes of the so-called region 1 operon are transcribed in the same direction as pheV, and at least four of these genes are required for polysialic acid export. Expression of this operon is thermoregulated by transcriptional control of its first gene, kpsF. To investigate the function of region 1 further, two independent chromosomal disruptions were engineered by inserting promoterless, terminatorless kanamycin or chloramphenicol resistance cassettes into the HindIII site of the kpsF coding sequence. The chromosomal insertions were regulated by temperature in the same way as the wild-type operon, demonstrating that this control mechanism remained intact in these mutants. Chemical, immunological and ultrastructural microscopical methods demonstrated that full-length polysialic acid chains were synthesized but not exported by the kpsF mutants. This phenotype was correlated with decreased plaque diameter when the mutants were infected with the capsule-specific bacteriophage K1F. The export defect could not be complemented in trans with kpsF+ containing its cis-regulatory region because of titration of an apparent positive regulator of region 1 expression, whereas complementation was observed with a plasmid expressing kpsF from a physiologically irrelevant promoter. An N-terminal polyhistidine peptide was attached to KpsF and used to purify the overproduced polypeptide. Antibodies raised against KpsF identified at least one of its paralogues in E. coli, GutQ, suggesting that KpsF and its homologues are membrane associated. The results indicate the requirement for a precise balance between region 1 components of the capsule export machinery, and that KpsF plays a positive role in the assembly, operation or regulation of this apparatus.
Drone-Aided Communication as a Key Enabler for 5G and Resilient Public Safety Networks (2018)

Wireless networks comprising unmanned aerial vehicles can offer limited connectivity in a cost-effective manner to disaster-struck regions where terrestrial infrastructure might have been damaged. While these drones offer advantages such as rapid deployment to far-flung areas, their operations may be rendered ineffective by the absence of an adequate energy management strategy. This article considers the multi-faceted applications of these platforms and the challenges thereof in the networks of the future. In addition to providing an overview of the work done by researchers in determining the features of the air-to-ground channel, the article explores the use of drones in fields as diverse as military surveillance and network rehabilitation for disaster-struck areas. It also presents a case study that envisages a scenario in which drones operate alongside conventional wireless infrastructure, thereby allowing a greater number of users to establish a line-of-sight link for communication. This study investigates a power allocation strategy for the microwave base station and the small base stations operating at 28 GHz frequency band. The self-adaptive power control strategy for drones is dependent on the maximum allowable interference threshold and minimum data rate requirements. This study highlights the importance of incorporating the drones in the multi-tier heterogeneous network to extend the network coverage and capacity.
Turbo Product Codes: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions (2016)

Turbo product codes (TPCs) have been integrated in several practical applications, and hence, they have been considered widely in the literature where the main aim is improving the error performance and/or reducing the computational and implementation complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the research that focuses on TPCs in terms of encoding, decoding, error performance, and complexity. Moreover, this paper also considers the advantages of integrating TPCs in hybrid automatic repeat request systems where power optimization becomes very efficient and the complexity can be reduced using the unique properties of TPCs such as error self-detection capabilities. Based on the surveyed literature, the pivotal open research issues in TPCs are presented and discussed.
Diin‐Reaktion, XXIX<sup>1)</sup> Synthese von Benzo‐, Furano‐, Thiopheno‐, Selenopheno‐ und Pyrrolo‐benzotriazolchinonen (1974)

Abstract 1‐Phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4,5‐dicarbaldehyd ( 1 ) ergibt mit Phenyläthinylmagnesiumbromid ein Diol 2 , dessen Oxidation zum o ‐Diketo‐diin‐Derivat 3 führt. Mit Tris(triphenylphosphin)‐rhodium(I)‐chlorid entsteht aus 3 der Rh‐Komplex 4 . Die Umsetzung des Rh‐Komplexes 4 mit Acetylenen, Chalkogenen und Phenylazid oder Nitrosobenzol führt zu den mono‐ und bis‐heterokondensierten Benzochinonen 6 – 11 .
Two New Cycloartane Triterpenoids from <i>Kleinhovia hospita</i> (2014)

Abstract Two new cycloartane triterpenoids, (23 R )‐21,23:23,27‐diepoxycycloarta‐1,24‐diene‐3,27‐dione ( 1 ) and (3 α )‐( α ‐ L ‐arabinopyranosyloxy)‐1 α ‐hydroxy‐23‐oxocycloartan‐28‐oic acid ( 2 ), together with six known pentacyclic triterpenoids, 3 – 8 , and five known C 29 steroids, 9 – 13 , were isolated from Kleinhovia hospita. The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Moreover, the absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by quantum‐chemical TDDFT calculation of its ECD spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human colon carcinoma (HCT116) and gastric carcinoma (SGC7901) cell lines, and compounds 6, 7, 8, 11 , and 12 exhibited antiproliferative activities with IC 50 values ranging from 23.0 to 91.8 μ M .
Induction of Metalloproteinase 9 Secretion from Human Keratinocytes by Pleuran (β-Glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) (2009)

Glucan preparations, primarily modified water-soluble glucans, are involved in the activation of the body's natural defense mechanisms and in the acceleration of the skin's wound-healing processes. Pleuran, an insoluble beta-D-glucan in hydrogel form, offers a natural alternative to more common chemically derivated soluble beta-D-glucans. Pleuran was applied to human keratinocyte primary cultures, and after 24 h of incubation the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) by stimulated keratinocytes was detected using gelatine zymography. There was a concentration-dependent increase in pro-MMP-9 release after treatment with pleuran over the concentration range of 2 to 200 microg/ml, but pro-MMP-2 was detected at a constant level. Moreover, the active forms of both MMPs were not detectable, indicating that in vitro autoactivation of these zymogens did not occur. The results indicate that pleuran is a potent keratinocyte stimulator of proMMP-9 release, which implies its application in dermatological therapies.