gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of immune responses in insects. (1998)

Preface. 1. The Contributions of the Pasteur School of Insect Immunity P.T. Brey. 2. Antimicrobial Peptides from Insects C. Hetru, et al. 3. Antibacterial Peptides of the Insect Reproductive Tract A.G.O. Manetti, et al. 4. Immune Response in Hymenoptera P. Casteels. 5. Mode of Action of Antibacterial Peptides Y. Shai 6. Recent Advances in Research on the Insect Prophenoloxidase Cascade M. Ashida, P.T. Brey. 7. Function and Regulation of Hemolin I. Faye, M. Kanost. 8. The Drosophila Melanogaster Immunoresponsive Tumorous Blood Cell Line mbn-2 E. Gateff. 9. Insect Immune Gene Regulation Y. Engstrom. 10. Relation Between Insect Defense Proteins and Development of the Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga Peregrina S. Natori. 11. Mechanisms of Immunity and Refractoriness in Insect Vectors of Eukaryotic Parasites K.D. Vernick. Index.
Radiation dose to the operator during vertebroplasty: prospective comparison of the use of 1-cc syringes versus an injection device. (2003)

The use of an injection device significantly decreased the radiation dose to the operator's extremity per unit time of injection. However, total dose per injection was equivalent between groups because of significantly longer injection duration for the injection device cohort.
Metritis, Valvular Endocarditis, and Septicemia by <i>Actinobacillus equuli</i> in a Gilt in the United States (2008)

A 1-year-old pregnant Yorkshire gilt was found dead with no previous clinical signs. Gross findings included metritis, splenomegaly, and valvular endocarditis. Bacterial endocarditis (in the mitral and tricuspid valves) and metritis with dissemination to multiple organs was diagnosed by using histologic examination. Gram-negative coccobacillary organisms present in the valvular lesions were characterized as Actinobacillus equuli by using polymerase chain reaction examination on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE). A. equuli is rarely reported as a cause of septicemia in pigs in Europe. A. equuli in pigs in the United States has been reported only twice and not, to our knowledge, in the last 30 years. This is the first time that molecular techniques have been used to characterize this organism in FFPE porcine tissues.
Way-finding Electronic Bracelet for visually impaired people (2013)

Way-finding Electronic Bracelet (WEB) for visually impaired (subject) is a portable embedded system for obstacle detection and way-finding. This MSP430G2553 processor based real-time system employs single Maxbotix MB1340 ultrasonic transceiver mounted on customized circular bracelet for detecting obstacle in the range 20 to 600 centimetres. Half duplex wireless communication is used for invoking vibrotactile and audio cues at receiver side. Maintaining a safety margin distance in front, left and right direction, WEB dynamically calculates obstacle distance (if any). Using on-demand hand movements, subject can understand surrounding situations and can perform successful way-finding. WEB system is available with choice of optimum hardware as per wearable comfort and requirement of subject. Preliminary trials on blindfolded subjects, WEB demonstrated substantial potential for cost-effective wearable real-time system with minimum physical interface for mobility of visually impaired people.
Automatic and topology-preserving gradient mesh generation for image vectorization (2009)

Gradient mesh vector graphics representation, used in commercial software, is a regular grid with specified position and color, and their gradients, at each grid point. Gradient meshes can compactly represent smoothly changing data, and are typically used for single objects. This paper advances the state of the art for gradient meshes in several significant ways. Firstly, we introduce a topology-preserving gradient mesh representation which allows an arbitrary number of holes . This is important, as objects in images often have holes, either due to occlusion, or their 3D structure. Secondly, our algorithm uses the concept of image manifolds, adapting surface parameterization and fitting techniques to generate the gradient mesh in a fully automatic manner. Existing gradient-mesh algorithms require manual interaction to guide grid construction, and to cut objects with holes into disk-like regions. Our new algorithm is empirically at least 10 times faster than previous approaches. Furthermore, image segmentation can be used with our new algorithm to provide automatic gradient mesh generation for a whole image . Finally, fitting errors can be simply controlled to balance quality with storage.
Handling a Small Dataset Problem in Prediction Model by employ Artificial Data Generation Approach: A Review (2017)

The emerging era of big data for past few years has led to large and complex data which needed faster and better decision making. However, the small dataset problems still arise in a certain area which causes analysis and decision are hard to make. In order to build a prediction model, a large sample is required as a training sample of the model. Small dataset is insufficient to produce an accurate prediction model. This paper will review an artificial data generation approach as one of the solution to solve the small dataset problem.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Normal and Degenerative Lumbar Intervertebral Discs: A New Method to Potentially Quantify the Physiologic Effect of Physical Therapy Intervention (2008)

The ADC of the nuclear region of the lumbar IVDs may be reliably measured from diffusion-weighted images. Degenerative discs had lower mean ADC values than normal discs but demonstrated greater variation between scans. Diffusion-weighted imaging may be a useful procedure to assess change in diffusion of water in lumbar discs that occurs over time.
An effective method for combining multiple features of image retrieval (2003)

We propose an image retrieval system using the Borda count method in combining multiple experts (CME). It combines color-, shape- and texture-based retrieval systems. CME method can complementarily combine results of each retrieval system, which uses different features. There are some problems when the Borda count method in pattern recognition is applied to image retrieval. Thus, we propose a modified Borda count method to solve these problems. In the experiment our method reduces false positive errors and produces better results than that of each retrieval module that uses only one feature.
Development of orientation and texture during shearing of liquid-crystalline polymers (1992)

Abstract Using polarizing microscopy, we study the development of orientation and texture during slow shearing of liquid-crystalline solutions of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). Shearing of high molecular weight samples that are initially coarsely textured, or are uniformly oriented over regions of 1 mm2, produces a steady state striped texture, for each of three different initial average orientations. The director field in the striped texture is on average aligned parallel to the flow direction, but with misalignment that varies periodically as we move in a direction orthogonal to flow, thus giving the sample a striped appearance under crossed polarizers, with stripes parallel to flow. After the stripes form, they become finer with increased shearing, or with increased shear rate. Along with the birefringent stripes, there are defect lines, parallel to the flow direction with a spacing similar to that of the stripes, i.e. 10 μm or less at steady state. The existence of separate time scales for the development of steady state orientation, and for the shrinkage of the texture length scale to a steady state, is consistent with a phenomenological scaling theory that had been postulated to explain the rheological behaviour of these fluids. Although the steady state striped texture is independent of initial orientation, transient textures during start-up of shearing are highly dependent on initial orientation; for some initial orientations, bands perpendicular to flow occur temporarily during shearing.
CATALYST EFFECT FOR DIAMOND NUCLEATION IN THE LOW PRESSURE PROCESS (1992)

ABSTRACT The fundamental study of diamond nucleation on several kinds of substrates using the hot-filament CVD method, was carried out. To investigate the diamond nucleation density, the substrate which coated with the catalytic materials by the vacuum deposition was utilized. Diamond particles scarcely grew on a normal Si wafer, but a catalytic material promoted the growth of diamond on the Si substrate. The catalytic material increases the diamond nucleation density as compared with any other substrates with a surface treatment. The particles grown on the substrates have been examined by means of x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and identified as diamond.
Magneto-Optical Rotation and Ellipticity Measurements with a Spinning Analyzer (1971)

An apparatus employing the spinning analyzer technique is described for measurement of Faraday and Kerr rotation in fields up to 20 kOe and at temperatures down to 3 K. Rotation angles are measurable to an accuracy better than 0.01° and are continuously recorded. The technique is extended to include measurement of Faraday and Kerr ellipticity.
Production of Monodisperse Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using a Large Silicon Straight-Through Microchannel Plate (2005)

Straight-through microchannel (MC) emulsification is a promising and novel technique for producing monodisperse emulsions. A straight-through MC is a channel array microfabricated vertically to the surface of a silicon plate. We investigated the throughput capacity of monodisperse oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion droplets for a silicon straight-through MC plate with a size of 40 × 40 × 0.4 mm, developed in this study. Oblong channels used in this study had a longer line of 26.7 μm, a shorter line of 6.6 μm, and a depth of 100 μm. Monodisperse O/W emulsions with average droplet diameters of 31−32 μm and coefficients of variation below 10% were successfully produced using the large straight-through MC plate. The straight-through MC emulsification device had maximum throughput capacities of monodisperse emulsion droplets of 20−30 mL/h for the system containing refined soybean oil and of 60−70 mL/h for the system containing silicone oil.
Mandarin tone recognition by multi-layer perceptron (2002)

Tone recognition of isolated Mandarin monosyllables using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model is reported. Ten features extracted from the fundamental frequency and energy contours of a monosyllable are used as the recognition features. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the internal representation of the MLP. Several variations of the MLP with regard to the number of layers and the number of neurons in each layer are considered. In a speaker-untrained test, a recognition rate of 93.8% was achieved. It outperforms a Gaussian classifier which has a recognition rate of 90.6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Delay computation in switch-level models of non-treelike MOS circuits (2003)

Various algorithmic and heuristic techniques are proposed for dealing with the problem of computing delays in switch-level models of MOS transistor circuits which contain loops. The nonlinear dependence of the effective channel resistance on the capacitive load is dealt with by adjusting the resistance within the iterative process of computing delay, using the Lin and Mead algorithm. Heuristics are proposed for reducing the number of iterations by splitting the loops at high capacitance nodes and by basing the initial values of the split capacitances on the path conductances. It is demonstrated that the decomposition of the transistor groups into bicomponents is very effective for large groups. Combinations of these techniques have been tested on a large variety of circuits, a representative subset of which is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-Memory Data Processing on a Remote Memory System using Commodity Hardware (2007)

This article presents a novel infrastructure for large-memory database processing using commodity hardware with operating system support. We exploit inexpensive PCs and a high-speed network capable of Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operations to build a new memory hierarchy between fast volatile memory and slow disk storage. The new memory hierarchy guarantees a reasonable response time, and its storage size enables us to run large-memory database systems with little performance degradation. The proposed architecture has two main components: (1) a remote memory system inside the Linux kernel to manage other computers' memory pages efficiently and (2) a remote memory pager responsible for manipulating remote read/write operations on remote memory pages. We insist that the proposed architecture is practical enough to support the rigorous demands of commercial in-memory database systems by demonstrating the performance of publicly available main-memory databases (e.g., MySQL) on our prototyped system. The experimental results show very interesting results from the TPC-C benchmark.
Requirement of DNase II for Definitive Erythropoiesis in the Mouse Fetal Liver (2001)

Mature erythrocytes in mammals have no nuclei, although they differentiate from nucleated precursor cells. The mechanism by which enucleation occurs is not well understood. Here we show that deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) is indispensable for definitive erythropoiesis in mouse fetal liver. No live DNase II-null mice were born, owing to severe anemia. When mutant fetal liver cells were transferred into lethally irradiated wild-type mice, mature red blood cells were generated from the mutant cells, suggesting that DNase II functions in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Histochemical analyses indicated that the critical cellular sources of DNase II are macrophages present at the site of definitive erythropoiesis in the fetal liver. Thus, DNase II in macrophages appears to be responsible for destroying the nuclear DNA expelled from erythroid precursor cells.
2012 IEEE Visualization Contest Winner: Visualizing Polarization Domains in Barium Titanate (2013)

The winners of the 2012 IEEE Visualization Contest combined methods from molecular, flow, and scalar data visualization to reveal the characteristics and processes in the contest data. Because the simulated material didn't behave according to theory from textbooks, one challenge was to find meaningful visualizations to facilitate exploratory analysis. The contest winners created an interactive visual-analysis application based on MegaMol, their visualization framework. The tailored visualizations revealed data characteristics such as thermal vibrations and the spatial distribution of polarization domains. Domain expert knowledge verified the results. This video at http://youtu.be/RXnNKekY7VE shows the dataset used and the development of vector clusters over time.
Polymers of carbonic acid. XXIV. Photoreactive, nematic or cholesteric polycarbonates derived from hydroquinone-4-hydroxybenzoate 4,4?-dihydroxychalcone and isosorbide (1997)

Numerous polycarbonates were prepared by means of “diphosgene” in pyridine using hydroquinone 4-hydroxybenzoate (HQHB) as mesogenic diphenol. In addition to the homopolycarbonate, binary copolycarbonates of HQHB and 4,4′-dihydroxychalcone (DHC) with varying molar composition were prepared. A series of ternary copolycarbonates were obtained by incorporation of isosorbide. Furthermore, an alternating copolycarbonate of HQHB and isosorbide was synthesized. All polycarbonates were characterized by inherent viscosities, elemental analyses, IR-, 1H-NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, by WAXS powder patterns DSC measurements, and optical microscopy with crossed polarizers. The homopolycarbonate of HQHB and most binary copolycarbonates were semicrystalline materials forming an enantiotropic nematic melt. Particularly noteworthy is the finding that the alternating copolycarbonate of HQHB and isosorbide forms a broad cholesteric phase despite the unfavorable stereochemistry of isosorbide. The ternary copolycarbonates containing isosorbide formed a cholesteric melt and a Grandjean texture upon shearing. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1611–1619, 1997
Chronic Epileptogenesis Requires Development of a Network of Pathologically Interconnected Neuron Clusters: A Hypothesis (2000)

The electrophysiological and anatomical data are consistent with the participation of FR oscillations, within small neuronal assemblies, in the development of chronic epileptogenesis. It is hypothesized that small clusters of pathologically interconnected neurons develop after focal hippocampal injury and that these clusters are capable of generating powerful hypersynchronous bursts of action potentials, which initiate epileptogenesis via a kindling effect. As the silent period progresses, a network of such clusters is formed that allows the development of discharges that spread throughout the limbic system. When this network engages brain areas that control motor activity, clinical seizures occur and the silent period ends.
Properties of ultrathin-body condensation Ge-on-insulator films thinned by additional thermal oxidation (2015)

In this paper, we report the properties of ultrathin-body (UTB) Ge-on-insulator (GOI) films thinned by additional thermal oxidation after Ge condensation and p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on the thinned GOI layers. By using the present process, we have demonstrated the thinning of GOI layers to a thickness of around 6 nm and the operation of UTB GOI pMOSFETs with a GOI thickness of 9.7 nm. We have characterized the physical and electrical properties of the GOI layers formed by Ge condensation and those of the thinned GOI layers fabricated by additional thermal oxidation. The additional oxidation resulted in an increase in hole concentration in the GOI layers and a change in strain in the GOI layers from compressive to tensile, attributed by defect generations during the thinning process. The higher hole concentration in the thinner GOI layer can degrade the effective mobility in GOI MOSFETs.
Epitaxial Overgrowth of Gallium Nitride Nano-Rods on Silicon (111) Substrates by RF-Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2010)

Strain-free gallium nitride (GaN) overgrowth on GaN nano-rods is realized by RF-plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) on silicon (Si) substrate. The strain-free condition was identified by the strong free A exciton (FX A ) photoluminescence (PL) peak at 3.478 eV and the E 2 high phonon Raman shift of 567 cm -1 . It is clearly demonstrated that the critical diameter of GaN nano-rods is around 80 nm for the overgrowth of strain-free GaN. The blue-shift of PL peak energy and phonon Raman energy with decreasing the diameter of nano-rod result from the strain relaxation of overgrowth GaN.
Regulation of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo by the stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (1999)

Cardiac hypertrophy often presages the development of heart failure. Numerous cytosolic signaling pathways have been implicated in the hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes in culture, but their roles in the hypertrophic response to physiologically relevant stimuli in vivo is unclear. We previously reported that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of SEK-1(KR), a dominant inhibitory mutant of the immediate upstream activator of the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), abrogates the hypertrophic response of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to endothelin-1 in culture. We now report that gene transfer of SEK-1(KR) to the adult rat heart blocks SAPK activation by pressure overload, demonstrating that the activity of cytosolic signaling pathways can be inhibited by gene transfer of loss-of-function mutants in vivo. Furthermore, gene transfer of SEK-1(KR) inhibited pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, as determined by echocardiography and several postmortem measures including left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, the ratio of LV weight to body weight, cardiomyocyte diameter, and inhibition of atrial natriuretic factor expression. Our data suggest that the SAPKs are critical regulators of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, and therefore may serve as novel drug targets in the treatment of hypertrophy and heart failure.
Security threat Modeling and Analysis: A goal-oriented approach (2006)

Threat modeling provides a good foundation for the specification of security requirements during application development. When applied during the early phases of software development, threat modeling empowers developers in several ways. These range from verifying application architecture, identifying and evaluating threats, designing countermeasures, to penetration testing based on a threat model. There is however paucity of established techniques and tools for threat modeling and analysis. This paper proposes a goaloriented approach to security threat modeling and analysis by using visual model elements to explicitly capture threatrelated concepts. We introduce the notions of negative softgoals for representing threats and inverse contributions for evaluating design alternatives during analysis, while adapting the formal semantics of the NFR Framework. An analysis procedure is also provided to guide context-sensitive selection of countermeasures. The significance of this approach derives from the strength of the underlining analysis framework. We illustrate this approach by modeling and analyzing the security threats of an online banking system. KEY WORDS software security, threat modeling, security requirements engineering, negative softgoal, inverse contributions 1
Nanoparticle Superstructures Made by Polymerase Chain Reaction: Collective Interactions of Nanoparticles and a New Principle for Chiral Materials (2009)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was realized on the surface of gold nanoparticles (NPs) as a tool for self-organization at nanoscale and as a step toward programmable production of sufficient quantities of functional metallic superstructures. The assembly is controlled by varying the density of the primer on the surface of gold NPs and the number of PCR cycles generating a mixture of dimers, trimers, tetramers, etc., with gradually increasing complexity. This process leads to strong chirality of the assemblies arising from the three-dimensional positioning of NPs in space which had never been observed before. A circular dichroism band of the superstructures coincides with the plasmon oscillations of the multi-NP systems of Au colloids. This new collective optical property of NPs embracing the diversity of shapes and diameters in the starting dispersions opens unique opportunities for the development of negative index materials.