gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Proliferation of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> in <i>Hartmannella vermiformis</i> in Aquatic Biofilms Grown on Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (2004)

The need for protozoa for the proliferation of Legionella pneumophila in aquatic habitats is still not fully understood and is even questioned by some investigators. This study shows the in vivo growth of L. pneumophila in protozoa in aquatic biofilms developing at high concentrations on plasticized polyvinyl chloride in a batch system with autoclaved tap water. The inoculum, a mixed microbial community including indigenous L. pneumophila originating from a tap water system, was added in an unfiltered as well as filtered (cellulose nitrate, 3.0-microm pore size) state. Both the attached and suspended biomasses were examined for their total amounts of ATP, for culturable L. pneumophila, and for their concentrations of protozoa. L. pneumophila grew to high numbers (6.3 log CFU/cm2) only in flasks with an unfiltered inoculum. Filtration obviously removed the growth-supporting factor, but it did not affect biofilm formation, as determined by measuring ATP. Cultivation, direct counting, and 18S ribosomal DNA-targeted PCR with subsequent sequencing revealed the presence of Hartmannella vermiformis in all flasks in which L. pneumophila multiplied and also when cycloheximide had been added. Fluorescent in situ hybridization clearly demonstrated the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila in trophozoites of H. vermiformis, with 25.9% +/- 10.5% of the trophozoites containing L. pneumophila on day 10 and >90% containing L. pneumophila on day 14. Calculations confirmed that intracellular growth was most likely the only way for L. pneumophila to proliferate within the biofilm. Higher biofilm concentrations, measured as amounts of ATP, gave higher L. pneumophila concentrations, and therefore the growth of L. pneumophila within engineered water systems can be limited by controlling biofilm formation.
Resveratrol inhibits benzo[a]pyrene–DNA adduct formation in human bronchial epithelial cells (2004)

Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin present in various plants and foods, has in several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. We investigated the in vitro effect of resveratrol on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) -induced DNA adducts in human bronchial epithelial cells. This was compared to the effect of resveratrol on the expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and the formation of B[a]P metabolites. Exposure of BEAS-2B and BEP2D cells to B[a]P and increasing concentrations of resveratrol resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of DNA adduct formation quantified by (32)P-postlabelling. Supporting this result, resveratrol was shown to inhibit CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression, as measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Also, a significant correlation was found between the number of DNA adducts and the mRNA levels of these genes. Using HPLC analysis, a concomitant decrease in the formation of B[a]P-derived metabolic products was detected. In conclusion, these data lend support to a chemopreventive role of resveratrol in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced carcinogenesis.
Design of a voice coil motor used in the focusing system of a digital video camera (2005)

This paper raises a valid method to design a voice coil motor (VCM) used in the focusing system of a digital video camera (DVC). A better VCM performance, such as lower battery consumption, higher efficiency, and shorter focusing time, can be achieved by turning the diameter of a winding coil, the thickness of the magnet, and the winding spaces in a VCM.
Effects of the Japanese herbal medicine “Sho-Saiko-To” (TJ-9) on in vitro interleukin-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C (1997)

"Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) consists of 7 herbal components. In Japan, it is widely prescribed to patients with chronic viral liver disease. TJ-9 is known to suppress liver cancer development and possess macrobiotic effects, but its mode of action is not fully understood. This study investigated the following: 1) cytokine production levels, mainly interleukin (IL)-10, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic active hepatitis B and C patients, and healthy volunteers; 2) effects of TJ-9 on these productions; and 3) effects of each of its herb components on cytokine production in cell fractions. Results showed that without stimulants, IL-10 production in mononuclear cells of hepatitis B and C patients was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects (P < .01). IL-10 production induced by either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in mononuclear cells of hepatitis C patients were significantly lower than in patients with hepatitis B (P < .01) and healthy subjects (P < .05). IL-10 production induced by anti-CD3 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly lower than in healthy subjects (P < .05). The addition of TJ-9 to the cultures strongly induced IL-10, and this induction was mainly attributable to the effects of 2 components (scutellaria root and glycyrrhiza root) on the monocyte/macrophage fraction. The production of IL-4 and IL-5 in cultures with concanavalin A (conA) was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis C than in the healthy subjects (P < .01; P < .05), but the addition of TJ-9 suppressed these increases by 25% to 33% (P < .01). Therefore, TJ-9 could adjust the decreased IL-10 production and the increased IL-4 and IL-5 production of mononuclear cells from patients with hepatitis C. Moderate regulation of the cytokine production system in patients with hepatitis C by using TJ-9 may be useful in the prevention of disease progression.
Incremental Affinity Propagation Clustering Based on Message Passing (2014)

Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering has been successfully used in a lot of clustering problems. However, most of the applications deal with static data. This paper considers how to apply AP in incremental clustering problems. First, we point out the difficulties in Incremental Affinity Propagation (IAP) clustering, and then propose two strategies to solve them. Correspondingly, two IAP clustering algorithms are proposed. They are IAP clustering based on K-Medoids (IAPKM) and IAP clustering based on Nearest Neighbor Assignment (IAPNA). Five popular labeled data sets, real world time series and a video are used to test the performance of IAPKM and IAPNA. Traditional AP clustering is also implemented to provide benchmark performance. Experimental results show that IAPKM and IAPNA can achieve comparable clustering performance with traditional AP clustering on all the data sets. Meanwhile, the time cost is dramatically reduced in IAPKM and IAPNA. Both the effectiveness and the efficiency make IAPKM and IAPNA able to be well used in incremental clustering tasks.
Broad‐spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat–induced musculoskeletal side effects in rats (2003)

This simple and sensitive model of MSS is an attractive alternative for studying the pathology of MSS.
An error-correcting encoder and decoder for a 1 Gbit/s fiber optic link (2002)

The authors describe two chips, an encoder and a decoder for a 1-Gb/s fiber-optic data link, which implement 8-b/10-b coding, error detection and correction, framing and elasticity buffering. Fabricated in a 1.5- mu m CMOS process, the chips have a high-speed interface that operates at 93.75 MHz at ECL compatible levels (other portions of the chips operate at 31.25 MHz). IEEE P1149.1 is used for boundary and internal scan. The coding, block diagrams of the chips, CMOS/ECL transceivers, and results are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Markov Decision Process-based service migration procedure for follow me cloud (2014)

The Follow-Me Cloud (FMC) concept enables service mobility across federated data centers (DCs). Following the mobility of a mobile user, the service located in a given DC is migrated each time an optimal DC is detected. The detailed criterion for optimality is defined by operator policy, but it may be typically derived from geographical proximity or load. Service migration may be an expensive operation given the incurred cost in terms of signaling messages and data transferred between DCs. Decision on service migration defines therefore a tradeoff between cost and user perceived quality. In this paper, we address this tradeoff by modeling the service migration procedure using a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The aim is to formulate a decision policy that determines whether to migrate a service or not when the concerned User Equipment (UE) is at a certain distance from the source DC. We numerically formulate the decision policies and compare the proposed approach against the baseline counterpart.
IL-12 Enhances CD8 T Cell Homeostatic Expansion (2001)

The size of the T lymphocyte pool is maintained by regulation of T cell production, proliferation, and survival. Under the pressure of a T lymphopenic environment, mature naive T cells begin to proliferate in the absence of Ag, a process called homeostatic expansion. Homeostatic expansion involves TCR recognition of self peptide/MHC ligands, but less is known about the soluble factors that regulate this process. Here we show that IL-12 dramatically enhanced the homeostatic proliferation of CD8 T cells. In contrast, IL-2 had no beneficial effect on homeostatic expansion and, in fact, inhibited T cell expansion induced by IL-12. Using gene-targeted mice, we showed that IL-12 acted directly on the T cells to enhance homeostatic expansion, but that IL-12 cannot override the requirement for TCR interaction with self peptide/MHC ligands in homeostatic expansion. These data indicate that inflammatory cytokines may modulate T cell homeostasis after lymphopenia and have implications for regulation of the T cell repertoire and autoimmunity.
Liquid Crystal Systems for Electro-Optical Storage Effects (1971)

Research on materials and electro-optic response measurements of certain cholestericnematic mixtures was performed in an effort to develop an optical storage display. Mixture of selected compounds from the series, p- alkoxybenzylidene-p'-aminophenyl acylates, were prepared and one ternary mixture (NH-1) which exhibited nematic behavior from 25 to 105C was found. A group of optically active benzylidene aniline derivatives having alkoxy and acyloxy groups with asymmetric carbon atoms was prepared, and the compounds were found to exhibit cholesteric mesomorphism. A simulated, airborne ground location marker was constructed with a cell containing this material. In actual operation this device would provide the pilot or navigator of an aircraft with a map presentation of his past and present position as determined by two ground navigation stations.
Electroreflectance and photoluminescence studies of (Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>)1−<i>z</i>In<i>z</i>P<i>y</i>As1−<i>y</i> lattice matched to GaAs (1987)

Electroreflectance (ER) measurements have been performed on an (AlxGa1−x)1−zInzPyAs1−y pentanary alloy grown on (100) GaAs in the energy range 1.3–3.8 eV at 300 K. Accurate band-gap energy has been determined from ER measurements. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra have been measured in the energy range 1.3–2.0 eV at 300 and 77 K. From the broadening parameters in ER spectra and the full width of half-maxima in PL spectra, the quality of AlGaInPAs has been discussed. The other optical features, E0+Δ0, E1, E1+Δ1, and the spin-orbit splitting parameters Δ0 and Δ1 have been determined.
Calculation of Muzzle Blast Flowfields (1975)

The muzzle blast field generated by a gun-launched high-velocity projectile is characterized by a highly underexpanded supersonic exhaust plume, which terminates at a strong shock (the Mach disk), an expanding front of exhaust gases (the contact surface), and an expanding, nearly spherical outer shock (the blast wave). The present study is directed toward theoretical description of the inviscid gas dynamics of the blast field. The rioted features are discussed in terms of well-establis hed theories for spherical blast waves with variable energy release and for steady underexpanded plumes, from which their interaction can be qualitatively described. To obtain a quantitative representation, a finite difference solution is developed for the unsteady compressible flow between the Mach disk and the blast wave, assuming spherical symmetry. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental measurements of the motion of the blast wave, the contact surface and Mach disk for a 3200 fps round fired from an M16 rifle. a B C d E
Performance of a Direct, Immunoseparation Based LDL-Cholesterol Method Compared to <i>Friedewald </i>Calculation and a Polyvinyl Sulphate Precipitation Method (1995)

The analytical performance of a direct, immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol method (Genzyme Corporation) was evaluated on an ELAN analyser (Merck), and compared with the performance of routinely used methods (LDL-cholesterol estimated by the Friedewald equation, and LDL-cholesterol obtained after polyvinyl sulphate precipitation). Within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) were 0.79 to 2.51% for immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol; the between-day CVs varied between 2.62 and 3.89%, i.e. within the recommended National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) goal of < 4%. A method comparison study, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) EP9-P guidelines, was performed using fasting normo- and hypertriacylglycerolaemic as well as cholestatic sera. In fresh normotriacylglycerolaemic sera immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol (y) and Friedewald LDL-cholesterol (x) values were identical as slope and intercept of the Passing & Bablok regression equation were not significantly different from one and zero, respectively (y = 1.006 x -0.107; N = 45). In contrast, immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol (y) differed significantly from polyvinyl sulphate LDL-cholesterol (x) results (y = 0.922 x + 0.234; N = 103). Freezing normotriacylglycerolaemic sera (three weeks, -20 degrees C) resulted in a negative bias of -5.8% for the immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol method, and in a positive bias of +5.3% for the polyvinyl sulphate method, compared to fresh specimens. Immunoseparated LDL-cholesterol was completely recovered up to at least 37.84 mmol/l serum triacylglycerols. We conclude that the immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol method is a practical, not technically demanding technique well applicable within routine clinical laboratories.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of 4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophen-4-ones, 4H-cyclohepta[b]furan-4-one, and 9H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-one (1973)

The title compounds have been prepared by dehydrobromination of αα-dibromocycloheptanones, using lithium salts in boiling dimethylformamide. Conversion of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine into 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-one (20) was achieved viathe N-oxide (21) and the 9-hydroxy-derivative (23).
Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana (2017)

Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (<i>CMG2</i>) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants using a transient expression system. Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (<i>CaMV</i>) <i>35S</i> promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. The <i>N</i>-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of <i>N</i>-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. The most abundant (>50%) <i>N</i>-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xy<sub>l</sub>)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. High mannose <i>N</i>-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants with apoplast targeting.
Crisaborole and Apremilast: PDE4 Inhibitors with Similar Mechanism of Action, Different Indications for Management of Inflammatory Skin Conditions (2018)

Two selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors—viz., crisaborole (Eucrisa®, Pfizer) and apremilast (Otezla®, Celgene)—have recently received approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of related but different dermatologic skin conditions (viz., atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis, respectively). The purpose of this review is to summarize the underlying biochemistry and pathophysiology associated with these dermatologic conditions, review the chemistry, pharmacology and safety of each of these products, and present preclinical and clinical evidence that may help explain why these two PDE4 inhibitors offer new treatment options for these skin conditions.
Angular benzoadenines. 9-Aminoimidazo[4,5-f]quinazoline and 6-aminoimidazo[4,5-h]quinazoline (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAngular benzoadenines. 9-Aminoimidazo[4,5-f]quinazoline and 6-aminoimidazo[4,5-h]quinazolineAlan G. Morrice, Mark A. Sprecker, and Nelson J. LeonardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 3, 363–366Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00891a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00891a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The anemometric application of an electrical glow discharge in transverse air streams (1949)

The possibility of using an electrical glow discharge for quantitative turbulence measurements is experimentally investigated. It is found that a glow discharge is stable in a transverse air stream throughout the subsonic velocity range, and at supersonic air velocities up to a Mach number of 1.5, with no indication that this Mach number represents an upper velocity limit. A calibration procedure is developed and used in measuring the decay of turbulence behind a grid at low subsonic velocities. Comparison with decay measurements made independently with a hot wire anemometer under similar flow conditions shows that the glow discharge data is as yet quite badly scattered and somewhat inconsistent.

A quantitative theory of the dark current anemometer is presented and gives results which agree in form with reported experimental results. A qualitative theory of the mechanism of the glow discharge anemometer and the first steps of the corresponding quantitative analysis are also presented.
Object-oriented database management systems: concepts and issues (1991)

Requirements imposed on both the object data model and object management by the support of complex objects are outlined. The basic concepts of an object-oriented data model are discussed. They are objects and object identifiers, aggregation, classes and instantiation mechanisms, metaclasses, and inheritance. Object-oriented models are compared with semantic, relational, and Codasyl models. Object-oriented query languages and query processing are considered. Some operational aspects of data management in object-oriented systems are examined. Schema evolution is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Content analysis of video using principal components (1999)

We use principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of features of video frames for the purpose of content description. This low-dimensional description makes practical the direct use of all the frames of a video sequence in later analysis. The PCA representation circumvents or eliminates several of the stumbling blocks in current analysis methods and makes new analyses feasible. We demonstrate this with two applications. The first accomplishes high-level scene description without shot detection and key-frame selection. The second uses the time sequences of motion data from every frame to classify sports sequences.
Replication and gene expression of hepatitis B virus in a transgenic mouse that contains the complete viral genome (1988)

We have sought to address the problem of the host and tissue specificity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) by using transgenic mice obtained after injection of head-to-tail dimers of the HBV genome. Viral DNA replication and protein synthesis were obtained in one of nine transgenic mice containing integrated HBV DNA. The RNAs encoding the HBV surface antigen and the core antigen were synthesized in the liver, the kidney, and the heart. In these organs, DNA replicative intermediates similar to those found during normal infection were associated with corelike structures. Large amounts of core polypeptides and capsids were detected in the nuclei in the absence of any pathological effect. These results show that the different steps of HBV multiplication can take place in nonliver nonhuman cells once the problem of entry into the host cell is overcome. In the absence of a small laboratory animal infectable by HBV, such transgenic mice should be helpful for the study of many aspects of viral multiplication.
Interfacial tension of edible oils in supercritical carbon dioxide (2000)

Interfacial properties essentially influence fluid-liquid separation processes. Thereby, interfacial tension is an important parameter that is associated with mass transfer and mutual solubility of participating compounds. For this reason, interfacial tension of a virgin olive oil with a known amount of free fatty acids was measured in supercritical carbon dioxide atmosphere at 313 K and 353 K and pressures up to 40 MPa. The obtained values were compared to different oils some of which contain appreciable amounts of volatile components. In general, interfacial tension behaviour is dominated by the effect of pressure, whereas differences between oil compositions are secondary. Besides mutual solubility interfacial tension is supposed to be associated with the compressibility of the dense fluid phase. For predicting mass transfer area some general comments on the colloidal behaviour of systems containing supercritical CO2 are made