gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity of a Particulate‐Diamond‐Reinforced Cordierite Matrix Composite (1994)

The effect of 15 vol% particulate diamond reinforcement on the thermal conductivity of a cordierite matrix was studied as a function of diamond particle size from room temperature to 700°C. The thermal conductivity was found to increase with increasing particle size to a maximum increase of about 75% for a mean particle size of 50 μ. The particle size effect was found to be more pronounced at the lower temperatures than at the higher temperatures. The observed effect of particle size and temperature was attributed to the existence of an interfacial thermal barrier, possibly resulting from interfacial phonon scattering, with a positive temperature dependence of the interfacial thermal conductance. The magnitude of this conductance suggested strong adhesion between the diamond and cordierite.
Factors Affecting the Interlayer Expansion of Vermiculite and Montmorillonite with Organic Substances (1952)

Abstract An evaluation of the factors affecting interlayer expansion of the mica type layered minerals was made by X‐raying various dehydrated forms of montmorillonite and vermiculite while immersed in liquids of varying dipole moments and dielectric constants. The results showed that the extent of interlayer expansion was determined by the size, charge, and total amount of the interlayer cations and by the magnitude of the dipole moment and the dielectric constant of the immersion liquid. The results were explained on the basis of the nature of the electrostatic interlayer attractive forces within the crystal lattice itself and by the laws governing complex formation between charged particles.
Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method (2004)

Current efforts to reconstruct the tree of life and histories of multigene families demand the inference of phylogenies consisting of thousands of gene sequences. However, for such large data sets even a moderate exploration of the tree space needed to identify the optimal tree is virtually impossible. For these cases the neighbor-joining (NJ) method is frequently used because of its demonstrated accuracy for smaller data sets and its computational speed. As data sets grow, however, the fraction of the tree space examined by the NJ algorithm becomes minuscule. Here, we report the results of our computer simulation for examining the accuracy of NJ trees for inferring very large phylogenies. First we present a likelihood method for the simultaneous estimation of all pairwise distances by using biologically realistic models of nucleotide substitution. Use of this method corrects up to 60% of NJ tree errors. Our simulation results show that the accuracy of NJ trees decline only by approximately 5% when the number of sequences used increases from 32 to 4,096 (128 times) even in the presence of extensive variation in the evolutionary rate among lineages or significant biases in the nucleotide composition and transition/transversion ratio. Our results encourage the use of complex models of nucleotide substitution for estimating evolutionary distances and hint at bright prospects for the application of the NJ and related methods in inferring large phylogenies.
ECG computer program developed for a retrospective and prospective study of the Pardee T wave (2002)

The use of a computerized electrocardiogram (ECG) database system to determine the prevalence of Pardee T waves and to correlate with significant coronary artery disease in a hospital-based population is discussed. The criteria of a Pardee T wave were defined as minimal ST segment elevation at onset and midportion >or=0.02 mV above baseline followed by T wave inversion >or=0.06 mV in one of the precordial leads V1-V6. In a retrospective study, the computerized ECG system was programmed to search for these ECGs in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Raman Scattering of InGaAsP Lattice-Matched to GaAs in the Region of Immiscibility (1993)

We have studied the Raman spectra of the In x Ga 1- x As y P 1- y quaternary alloys lattice-matched to GaAs in the immiscible region. The spectra exhibit four modes of behavior due to four binary compositions: GaP-, InP-, GaAs-, and InAs-like phonon modes. It was found that the phonon spectra in the immiscible region are well explained by the isodisplacement model of Inoshita [J. Appl. Phys. 56 (1984) 2056].
Compact Dual-Band Branch-Line Coupler with 20 : 1 Power Dividing Ratio (2011)

This paper presents a compact structure of dual-band branch-line coupler with 20 : 1 power dividing ratio. To obtain dual-band operation and high-ratio power division, branch lines with center-tapped short and open stubs are discussed and employed to replace the high and low impedance quarter-wavelength lines in the conventional unequal branch-line coupler respectively. As an example, a 20 : 1 branch-line coupler operating at 1.0 GHz and 1.8 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The measurements are in good agreement with the simulations. It is shown that the dual-band branch-line coupler is suitable for high-ratio power division with small frequency ratio.
Effects of Growth Conditions on Carbon Utilization and Organic By‐Product Formation in <i>B. subtilis</i> (1989)

Abstract The effects of growth rate and substrate concentration on cellular metabolism of glucose was studied with cultures of B. subtilis 168. Application of chemostat culture techniques allowed for the observation of each growth condition independent of the other. The relative flux of carbon through biosynthetic and non‐biosynthetic pathways was determined by monitoring cell density and distribution of extracellular side products in active cultures. A metabolic shift of glucose utilization pathways was observed in cell cultures grown at dilution rates greater than 0.36 hr −1 or with glucose feed levels exceeding 10 gll. The predominant side products detected by HPLC analysis were acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, and acetoin. The patterns of side product formation were analyzed in relation to the applied growth conditions.
The M*-OBJECT methodology for information system design in CIM environments (1995)

M*-OBJECT is a methodology for information system analysis, design and implementation developed for CIM environments. It is based on an object-oriented approach and it covers in-depth analysis of static and dynamic aspects of CIM information systems. M*-OBJECT is made of three major phases: organization analysis, conceptual design, and implementation design. The conceptual design phase is supported by the Process and Data Net (PDN) model which integrates an object-oriented data model and a process model. The major features of the specification approach are: (1) static, dynamic, and behavioral properties of information are fully covered, (2) complex data structures and data manipulations can be specified, and (3) specifications are executable for rapid prototyping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Publicly Auditable Secure Multi-Party Computation (2014)

In the last few years the efficiency of secure multi-party computation (MPC) increased in several orders of magnitudes. However, this alone might not be enough if we want MPC protocols to be used in practice. A crucial property that is needed in many applications is that everyone can check that a given (secure) computation was performed correctly – even in the extreme case where all the parties involved in the computation are corrupted, and even if the party who wants to verify the result was not participating. This is especially relevant in the clients-servers setting, where many clients provide input to a secure computation performed by a few servers. An obvious example of this is electronic voting, but also in many types of auctions one may want independent verification of the result. Traditionally, this is achieved by using non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs during the computation.A recent trend in MPC protocols is to have a more expensive preprocessing phase followed by a very efficient online phase, e.g., the recent so-called SPDZ protocol by Damgård et al. Applications such as voting and some auctions are perfect use-case for these protocols, as the parties usually know well in advance when the computation will take place, and using those protocols allows us to use only cheap information-theoretic primitives in the actual computation. Unfortunately no protocol of the SPDZ type supports an audit phase.In this paper, we show how to achieve efficient MPC with a public audit. We formalize the concept of publicly auditable secure computation and provide an enhanced version of the SPDZ protocol where, even if all the servers are corrupted, anyone with access to the transcript of the protocol can check that the output is indeed correct. Most importantly, we do so without significantly compromising the performance of SPDZ i.e. our online phase has complexity approximately twice that of SPDZ.
IPSec VPN Design (2005)

The definitive design and deployment guide for secure virtual private networks Learn about IPSec protocols and Cisco IOS IPSec packet processing Understand the differences between IPSec tunnel mode and transport mode Evaluate the IPSec features that improve VPN scalability and fault tolerance, such as dead peer detection and control plane keepalives Overcome the challenges of working with NAT and PMTUD Explore IPSec remote-access features, including extended authentication, mode-configuration, and digital certificates Examine the pros and cons of various IPSec connection models such as native IPSec, GRE, and remote access Apply fault tolerance methods to IPSec VPN designs Employ mechanisms to alleviate the configuration complexity of a large- scale IPSec VPN, including Tunnel End-Point Discovery (TED) and Dynamic Multipoint VPNs (DMVPN) Add services to IPSec VPNs, including voice and multicast Understand how network-based VPNs operate and how to integrate IPSec VPNs with MPLS VPNsAmong the many functions that networking technologies permit is the ability for organizations to easily and securely communicate with branch offices, mobile users, telecommuters, and business partners. Such connectivity is now vital to maintaining a competitive level of business productivity. Although several technologies exist that can enable interconnectivity among business sites, Internet-based virtual private networks (VPNs) have evolved as the most effective means to link corporate network resources to remote employees, offices, and mobile workers. VPNs provide productivity enhancements, efficient and convenient remote access to network resources, site-to-site connectivity, a high level of security, and tremendous cost savings.IPSec VPN Design is the first book to present a detailed examination of the design aspects of IPSec protocols that enable secure VPN communication. Divided into three parts, the book provides a solid understanding of design and architectural issues of large-scale, secure VPN solutions. Part I includes a comprehensive introduction to the general architecture of IPSec, including its protocols and Cisco IOS® IPSec implementation details. Part II examines IPSec VPN design principles covering hub-and-spoke, full-mesh, and fault-tolerant designs. This part of the book also covers dynamic configuration models used to simplify IPSec VPN designs. Part III addresses design issues in adding services to an IPSec VPN such as voice and multicast. This part of the book also shows you how to effectively integrate IPSec VPNs with MPLS VPNs.IPSec VPN Design provides you with the field-tested design and configuration advice to help you deploy an effective and secure VPN solution in any environment.This security book is part of the Cisco Press® Networking Technology Series. Security titles from Cisco Press help networking professionals secure critical data and resources, prevent and mitigate network attacks, and build end-to-end self-defending networks.
Host-guest complexation. 65. Six new saddle shaped hosts based on fused dibenzofuran units (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 65. Six new saddle shaped hosts based on fused dibenzofuran unitsElaine Benaksas Schwartz, Carolyn B. Knobler, and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10775–10784Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00053a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1306Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Charon BS (+) and (−), versatile λ phage vectors for constructing directional cDNA libraries and their efficient transfer to plasmids (1988)

Journal Article Charon BS (+) and (−), versatile λ phage vectors for constructing directional cDNA libraries and their efficient transfer to plasmids Get access Anand Swaroop, Anand Swaroop Department of Human Genetics, Box 3333, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherman M. Weissman Sherman M. Weissman Department of Human Genetics, Box 3333, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 17, 12 September 1988, Page 8739, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.17.8739 Published: 12 September 1988 Article history Received: 07 June 1988 Published: 12 September 1988
Combination of Temperature-Sensitive Stem Cells and Mild Hypothermia: A New Potential Therapy for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

Stem cell transplantation holds great potential for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the micro-environment of reduced oxygen and accumulated toxins leads to low survival rates of grafted cells, which dramatically limits their clinical application. Mild hypothermia has been demonstrated to improve the micro-environment after severe TBI. Thus, we speculate that combinational therapy of mild hypothermia may promote survival of grafted cells, especially temperature-sensitive stem cells, which show the most activity in mild temperatures. In this study, we first isolated mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord (UCSMCs) and generated the temperature-sensitive UCSMCs (tsUCSMCs) by infection with a retrovirus carrying the temperature-sensitive tsA58 SV40 LT antigen gene. We demonstrated that tsUCSMCs grew and proliferated with more activity at 33°C than at 37°C by counting cell numbers with a hematocytometer, measuring the cell cycle with flow cytometry, and detecting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with immunofluorescence staining. Thereafter, we established the rat severe TBI model by fluid percussion, and injected PBS, UCSMCs, or tsUCSMCs into the injured region, and subject the animals to normothermia or mild hypothermia (33°C). We found that, compared with UCSMC or tsUCSMC treatment alone, their combination with hypothermia could significantly improve motor and cognitive function with more survival of the grafted cells. Furthermore, we observed that combined therapy with hypothermia and tsUCSMCs exerted the most protective effect on the recovery of neurological function of all the tested treatments, with the highest survival and proliferation rates, and the lowest apoptosis rate. Thus this may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of severe TBI.
Peptic Fragmentation of Rabbit γG-Immunoglobulin<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptic Fragmentation of Rabbit γG-Immunoglobulin*Sayaka Utsumi and Fred KarushCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 9, 1766–1779Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00885a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vertical profile and Horizontal Increase of Drift-Snow Transport (1980)

Abstract There are a number of published empirical formulae for drift-snow transport as a function of wind velocity. Comparing these formulae at the same wind velocity, however, results in considerable disagreement. It is hypothesized that the disparity arises from snow conditions and the various stages of development of drifting snow. The horizontal distribution of drift flux was measured with snow traps along a transect parallel with the wind, beginning at an up-wind boundary that served as the starting point of drifting snow. Results indicate that drift-snow transport cannot be defined uniquely unless the drifting snow attains equilibrium (i.e. the snow profile is saturated). Saltation of snow particles is thought to prevail near the snow surface. However, the vertical flux profile of saltating snow has never been measured. Vertical profiles of drift flux from the snow surface to a height of 30 cm were measured at nine levels, using snow traps composed of nine streamers (compartments). It appears that the saltation flux prevails up to a height of 7-9 cm above the surface, and the suspension flux gradually takes over as the drifting snow develops.
I-bit sigma delta analog to digital converter for multistandard GSM/UMTS radio receiver (2005)

This paper deals with specification and design methodology of analog to digital converter (ADC) stage for high dynamic range wide band multi-standard radio receiver. To respect high resolution requirements a sigma delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulator based ADC is proposed. A high dynamic range low complexity 1-bit sigma delta modulator is designed to guarantee high linearity for GSM/UMTS signals. Hence, a stable 3rd order 1-bit low-pass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator is defined. Simulation results show more than 90 dB dynamic ranges for GSM and 60 dB for UMTS.
Lipid synthesis in mycobacteria: characterization of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein genes from Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis (1994)

The causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have a lipid-rich cell envelope which contributes to virulence and antibiotic resistance. Acyl coenzyme A carboxylase, which catalyzes the first committed step of lipid biosynthesis, consists in mycobacteria of two subunits, one of which is biotinylated. Genes from M. leprae and M. tuberculosis encoding a biotinylated protein have been cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the derived protein sequences demonstrated the presence of biotin-binding sites and putative ATP-bicarbonate interactions sites, consistent with the proteins having a biotin carboxylase function as well as their being biotin carrier proteins.
Recent Advances in Ultra-High-Speed Optical Signal Processing (2012)

We review recent advances in the optical signal processing of ultra-high-speed serial data signals up to 1.28 Tbit/s, with focus on applications of time-domain optical Fourier transformation. Experimental methods for the generation of symbol rates up to 1.28 Tbaud are also described.
Generation of fluorescent silver nanoscale particles in reverse micelles using gamma irradiation (2012)

Reverse micelles (RMs) containing aqueous solutions of Ag(+) ions in their core produce fluorescent Ag species, upon exposure to gamma irradiation. A two-phase liquid system is used for RM formation. The RMs can be employed in novel gamma radiation detectors with appearance of fluorescence indicating that radiation was once present.
Hepatic Stellate Cells Preferentially Expand Allogeneic CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in an IL-2-Dependent Manner (2008)

Liver stromal HpSC acted as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells, and preferentially expanded CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells, which may contribute to immune regulation in the liver.
Phase equalizer making use of negative group delay times by reflection coefficients (2011)

This paper presents a unique phase equalizer which has improved phase equalization capability directly by using negative group delay times. This functionality can be achieved by using characteristics of reflection coefficients and not in a conventional way to use transmission characteristics of 2-port networks. The use of negative group delay times allows us to extend the capability and the applicability of phase equalizers.
Profiles of Inhaled Flow from Dry Powder Inhalers in Subjects Unfamiliar with the Devices (2014)

The inhalation profile (flow rate, volume and pattern) from a dry powder inhaler (DPI) is crucial for the efficient delivery of medications to the bronchial airways. However, instructions regarding the inhalation profile are not always adequate. We recruited 28 volunteers who were not familiar with DPIs to simulate patients who received the first prescription of a DPI. Following verbal instructions, they inhaled from various DPIs, and we recorded the inhalation profiles as listed above. Flow-time curves were classified into 3 patterns. A: early peak followed by a linear decrement, C: trapezoid, B: between A and C. Mean ( ± SD) peak inhaled flow rates (PIFR) and volumes were 54.3 ± 23.5 L・min-1and 1.40 ± 0.58 L for the Diskus®, 52.8 ± 11.5 and 1.39 ± 0.58 for the Turbuhaler®, and 46.0 ± 13.4 and 1.27 ± 0.74 for the Twisthaler®, respectively. There were weak correlations between PIFRs and inhalation volumes. Percent of subjects attaining a PIFR > 30 L・min-1 was 92.9% (Diskus®), 92.9% (Turbuhaler®), and 100% (Twisthaler®), and those attaining a PIFR > 60 L・min-1 were 32.2% (Diskus®), 17.9% (Turbuhaler®), and 14.3% (Twisthaler®). Only a few subjects inhaled with pattern A, and most of the subjects inhaled with pattern C. In conclusion, untrained patients may inhale with suboptimal flow rates and volumes from a DPI. Inhaled flow patterns may also be poor.