gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical stabilization of glucoamylase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> against thermal inactivation (1988)

The applicability of crosslinking an enzyme to an oxidized polysaccharide by reductive alkylation to enhance thermostability has been investigated for glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. Direct covalent coupling of the enzyme to periodate-oxidized dextran in the presence of NaBH(3)CN results in a conjugate which has thermal properties similar to those of the native enzyme. Our working hypothesis postulates that enhancement of thermostability will result from rigidification of the protein's conformation subsequent to the formation of multiple covalent bonds between the protein and the support. On the basis of the known characteristics of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger, it would seem necessary to introduce additional amino groups in the polypeptide chain of the protein. The incorporation of new amino groups was performed in two phases. First, the glycosidic part of glucoamylase was oxidized by periodate and the resulting aldehyde groups were reductively aminated by a diaminoalkane and NaBH(3)CIM. Secondly, additional amino groups were introduced on carboxyl functions into the previously aminated glucoamylase by a diaminoalkane and a water-soluble carbodiimide in the presence of maltose to protect the active site. The final derivative was then coupled to periodate-oxidized dextran T-70 in the presence of NaBH(3)CN. Starting with native glucoamylase, three successive operations give rise to a conjugate which retained 27% of the initial activity when measured with soluble starch and 39% when measured with maltopentaose. Using substrates of various sizes, it was observed that steric hindrance at the active site may result from covalent coupling to dextran T-70. It was demonstrated in heat inactivation experiments that the thermostability of the conjugate was in all cases superior to that of the native enzymes. Finally, it was observed that the operational stability of the conjugate was at least twice that of native glucoamylase at 70 degrees C on 18% maltodextrin. Additional experiments rule out the possibility that thermosta-bilization of the complex is due to other reasons than the increase in the amino content of the protein prior to crosslinking. Neither chemical modification, reticulation nor change in the net charge of the protein resulted in a derivative of glucoamylase which presented enhanced thermostability after conjugation. We conclude that for enzymes which have a low content of available amino groups, the thermostabilization method proposed previously by the present authors may still be applicable if additional amino groups are introduced into the protein prior to its crosslinking to an oxidized polysaccharide. This new example reinforces the generality of this method of stabilization.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (2011)

Major advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inherited metabolic disease caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations have yet to translate into treatments of proven efficacy. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is the most common mitochondrial DNA disorder causing irreversible blindness in young adult life. Anecdotal reports support the use of idebenone in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, but this has not been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. We conducted a 24-week multi-centre double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 85 patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy due to m.3460G>A, m.11778G>A, and m.14484T>C or mitochondrial DNA mutations. The active drug was idebenone 900 mg/day. The primary end-point was the best recovery in visual acuity. The main secondary end-point was the change in best visual acuity. Other secondary end-points were changes in visual acuity of the best eye at baseline and changes in visual acuity for both eyes in each patient. Colour-contrast sensitivity and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness were measured in subgroups. Idebenone was safe and well tolerated. The primary end-point did not reach statistical significance in the intention to treat population. However, post hoc interaction analysis showed a different response to idebenone in patients with discordant visual acuities at baseline; in these patients, all secondary end-points were significantly different between the idebenone and placebo groups. This first randomized controlled trial in the mitochondrial disorder, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, provides evidence that patients with discordant visual acuities are the most likely to benefit from idebenone treatment, which is safe and well tolerated.
Fluorine-containing analogs of 4-hydroxypropiophenone (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorine-containing analogs of 4-hydroxypropiophenoneNg. Ph. Buu-Hoi, Ng. D. Xuong, and Denise LavitCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 8, 910–915Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50014a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50014a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperbranched aromatic polyamines with <i>s</i>‐triazine rings (2007)

Abstract Two aromatic hyperbranched polyamines with s ‐triazine rings were synthesized from A 2 (4,4′‐sulfonyl dianiline or 4,4′‐methylene dianiline) and B 3 (2,4,6‐trichloro‐ s ‐triazine) types of monomers by a single‐step nucleophilic displacement polymerization technique in the presence of diisopropyl ethyl amine as the base. The hyperbranched polyamines were obtained in high yields (∼ 82–90%) with this technique. The polymers were characterized through solubility testing, measurements of the inherent viscosity, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet, 1 H‐NMR, and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction studies. The inherent viscosities of the polymers were in the range of 0.23–0.42 dL/g in 0.5% (w/v) N,N ′‐dimethylacetamide at 27 ± 0.1°C. They were soluble only in highly polar solvents such as N,N ′‐dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N ‐methylpyrrolidone. The thermal behavior of the polymers was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The flame‐retardant characteristics of the polymers were tested through the measurement of the limiting oxygen index. In the thermogravimetric analysis of these hyperbranched polyamines, no weight loss was observed below 250°C under a nitrogen atmosphere, whereas differential scanning calorimetry showed that the glass‐transition temperatures were about 240 and 230°C for the polymers with sulfonyl and methylene groups, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Striatal molecular alterations in HD gene carriers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of PET studies (2017)

PET imaging has the potential to detect striatal molecular changes even at the early premanifest stage of HD, which are relevant to the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the development of the disease.
Phosphorus‐containing inhibitors of aspartate transcarbamoylase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1990)

A tetrahedral intermediate is the prominent feature of the generally accepted mechanism for aspartate transcarbamoylase. We have synthesized N-pyrophosphoryl-L-aspartate as a charged analogue of the postulated intermediate. Surprisingly, its affinity for the enzyme from Escherichia coli was substantially lower than that of the previously known inhibitor phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate which contained a trigonal carbonyl group. Similar results were obtained with the corresponding mercaptosuccinate derivatives. We also tested a number of new pyrophosphate analogues as inhibitors. Our results cast doubt on some aspects of the current model for the mechanism of this enzyme.
A wide-margin, multiple-fan-in NOR gate for Josephson decoder (2002)

The design and testing of a Josephson-junction NOR gate with a fan-in of six used for a single-stage 6-bit decoder are reported. This NOR gate design has the advantages of very wide operating margins (about +or-67%, theoretically), insensitivity to global processing and/or temperature variations, and the capability of many fan-ins without trading off speed and margins. A cross section (3 bits) of a 6-bit decoder has been built and tested with +or-33% bias margin. The single NOR gate has been tested up to 2 GHz clock rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Class Pay Discrimination and Multiple Regression Proofs (1986)

I. Introduction II. Establishment of Pay Differences III. Statutory Remedies for Sexual Pay Differences ... A. Unequal Job Distributions ... B. Job Pay Rate Differences ... C. Pay Discrimination within Job Levels IV. Pay Regressions ... A. The Regression Model ... B. Human Capital ... C. Establishment Oriented V. Pay Regression as Proof ... A. Human Capital Proofs ... B. Ambiguity of Human Capital Regressions ... C. Establishment Oriented Proofs ... D. Value of Regressions VI. Court Resolution of the Job Level Issue ... A. Job Level and Case Outcomes ... B. The Job Level Rationale ... C. University Cases VII. Court Treatment of Other Regression Issues ... A. Performance Appraisals ... B. Other Productivity Variables ... C. The Amount of Pay Variation Explained ... D. Regression Interpretation VIII. Conclusions
Tetraalkylphosphonium Trihalides. Room Temperature Ionic Liquids As Halogenation Reagents (2009)

Six room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) comprised of a tetraalkylphosphonium cation (tridecylmethyphosphonium or trihexyltetradecylphosphonium) and a trihalide anion (Br(3)(-), BrCl(2)(-), or ClBr(2)(-)) have been prepared and characterized. Their ability to effect halogenation reactions with a variety of substrates has been explored. In general, halogenation reactions of alkenes proceed with high yields and stereo- and regioselectivities, whether performed in the absence or presence of a solvent (chloroform). Reactions of an alkyne and electrophilic substitution on an aromatic ring have been investigated as well. The facile preparation of the salts, their ease of handling, and the simplicity of product isolation should make these RTILs useful additions to the repertoire of halogenation reagents and the reagents of choice for specific transformations.
Bacteriorhodopsin As A Reversible Holographic Medium In Optical Processing (2005)

Holographic applications of the biological photo- chrome bacteriorhodops in are presented. The high reversibil ity and extreme stability towards chemi- cal and photochemical degradation of the bacterio- rhodopsin-based holographic media is important in dynamic appl ications 1 ike real-time interferometry and optical pattern recognition. A wide range of biochemical and genetic methods has been developed to modify the photophysical properties of bacte- riorhodopsin. The generation of bacteriorhodopsin- variants is a powerful tool to optimize the optical properties of this complex biological system accor- ding to the specific demands of different applica- tions. The results described here where obtained with a mutated bacteriorhodopsin (BR-326) which differs from the wildtype by a single amino acid exchange (Asp96
Silica in Medusahead (1964)

Collections of plants of medusahead, Elymus caput-medusae L., were made from natural infestations in Nez Perce County and Washington County in northern and southern Idaho, respectively. The ash and silica content (dry weight basis) decreased as the plant matured. The total ash of the entire plant contained from 72–89 per cent silica. Similar percentages of silica in ash were obtained in the culms, heads, and seeds of the plant. X-ray diffraction patterns and polarizing microscope examinations showed the mineral form of silica to be opal. Heavy deposition of silica was found in the barbs of awns, in the epidermis of the leaves, culms, glumes and seeds, and in strands beneath the epidermis.
Volume recovery near the glass transition temperature in poly(vinyl acetate): predictions of a coupling model (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolume recovery near the glass transition temperature in poly(vinyl acetate): predictions of a coupling modelR. W. Rendell, J. J. Aklonis, K. L. Ngai, and G. R. FongCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 5, 1070–1083Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00171a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00171a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of repeated segments in video sequences (2010)

This paper presents a new technique for the identification of repeated segments in video sequences. The method relies on the fast extraction of compact binary frame descriptors from video sequences, followed by the processing of one or more distance matrices for the detection of the repeated segments. The technique has applications both in desktop computers and AV consumer electronics, e.g. for de-duplicating video databases or searching for videos with common scenes.
Aluminium Hydroxide Adsorbed Allergens Used in Modified RAST (1985)

A method is described in which the conventional radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for determination of allergen-specific IgE in serum has been modified by displacing the solidphase sorbent by a gel of aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3). The optimum conditions for this new analysis (AlRAST) are determined, taking into account speed, costs and the ratio between responses of patients and normal individuals. The AlRAST fulfills the criteria for validity: it is specific and shows parallelism between serum dilution curves. The sensitivity and reproducibility are slightly lower than in the conventional RAST, but sufficient for most routine and screening procedures. The preparation of allergosorbents in AlRAST can be accomplished within 1 h, thus making it convenient for fast screening of patients against unusual allergen extracts, as well as for allergen standardization from dose-response curves. Further, it is possible to standardize aluminium hydroxide adsorbed extracts used for immunotherapy by using the products directly as allergosorbents in the AlRAST.
Unique Tumor-Specific Antigens (1988)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Self-assembled Films of Poly(4-diazosulfonate Styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) with Polyaniline and Their Photoelectric Conversion Properties (2007)

Abstract Poly(4-diazosulfonate styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (P(DSS-co-VP)) can self-assemble (SA) with polyaniline via H-bond interaction. The SA film was then photo-crosslinked under UV irradiation to form a covalent crosslinking structure. The photocurrent of the crosslinked SA films was determined directly in aqueous salt solution. The results showed that the polyaniline SA films were materials with good photoelectron conversion properties.
Status epilepticus in a patient with fragile X syndrome: electro‐clinical features and peri‐ictal neuroimaging (2006)

Fragile X syndrome (Fra-X) is a common cause of mental retardation that can be associated with partial epilepsy characterized by a variety of electro-clinical features. A wide spectrum of interictal activities are reported, although no data regarding ictal EEG activity have as yet been published. Drug-resistant seizures are uncommon, and the occurrence of clustering seizures or status epilepticus has only been reported anecdotally. We describe a Fra-X patient with refractory partial epilepsy related to a malformation of cortical development who experienced a partial status epilepticus that was well documented by video-EEG and MRI. We report the electro-clinical features and peri-ictal neuroimaging data.
Prohibitin Interacts with Envelope Proteins of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Prevents Infection in the Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (2013)

Prohibitins (PHBs) are ubiquitously expressed conserved proteins in eukaryotes that are associated with apoptosis, cancer formation, aging, stress responses, cell proliferation, and immune regulation. However, the function of PHBs in crustacean immunity remains largely unknown. In the present study, we identified a PHB in Procambarus clarkii red swamp crayfish, which was designated PcPHB1. PcPHB1 was widely distributed in several tissues, and its expression was significantly upregulated by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge at the mRNA level and the protein level. These observations prompted us to investigate the role of PcPHB1 in the crayfish antiviral response. Recombinant PcPHB1 (rPcPHB1) significantly reduced the amount of WSSV in crayfish and the mortality of WSSV-infected crayfish. The quantity of WSSV in PcPHB1 knockdown crayfish was increased compared with that in the controls. The effects of RNA silencing were rescued by rPcPHB1 reinjection. We further confirmed the interaction of PcPHB1 with the WSSV envelope proteins VP28, VP26, and VP24 using pulldown and far-Western overlay assays. Finally, we observed that the colloidal gold-labeled PcPHB1 was located on the outer surface of the WSSV, which suggests that PcPHB1 specifically binds to the envelope proteins of WSSV. VP28, VP26, and VP24 are structural envelope proteins and are essential for attachment and entry into crayfish cells. Therefore, PcPHB1 exerts its anti-WSSV effect by binding to VP28, VP26, and VP24, preventing viral infection. This study is the first report on the antiviral function of PHB in the innate immune system of crustaceans.
THE DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN THROUGH SILVER (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN THROUGH SILVERF. M. G. Johnson and P. LaroseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 6, 1377–1389Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01671a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01671a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safety and efficacy of phage therapy via the intravenous route (2015)

Increasing development of antimicrobial resistance is driving a resurgence in interest in phage therapy: the use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections. As the lytic action of bacteriophages is unaffected by the antibiotic resistance status of their bacterial target, it is thought that phage therapy may have considerable potential in the treatment of a wide range of topical and localized infections. As yet this interest has not extended to intravenous (IV) use, which is surprising given that the historical record shows that phages are likely to be safe and effective when delivered by this route. Starting almost 100 years ago, phages were administered intravenously in treatment of systemic infections including typhoid, and Staphylococcal bacteremia. There was extensive IV use of phages in the 1940s to treat typhoid, reportedly with outstanding efficacy and safety. The safety of IV phage administration is also underpinned by the detailed work of Ochs and colleagues in Seattle who have over four decades' experience with IV injection into human subjects of large doses of highly purified coliphage PhiX174. Though these subjects included a large number of immune-deficient children, no serious side effects were observed over this extended time period. The large and continuing global health problems of typhoid and Staphylococcus aureus are exacerbated by the increasing antibiotic resistance of these pathogens. We contend that these infections are excellent candidates for use of IV phage therapy.
Proteomics and microarrays in cancer research (2001)

A whole genome analysis for monitoring specific changes in gene expression, using microarrays or proteome profiling of the same, are the two tools that have already revolutionized current approaches for studying disease. These methods are particularly important in cancer research as there are many overexpressed genes, and their products remain uncharacterized. This article presents a general overview of these technologies and their applications for studying cancer.