gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Origin of Extended Dislocations Induced by High-Dose Ion Implantation (2005)

The origin and the generation mechanism of ion implantation-induced dislocations is investigated with an Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ band line/space pattern. The Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film-edge stress not only causes dislocation propagation but also causes the formation and deformation of extended dislocations at the initial stage of annealing. The behavior is clarified that the dislocation loops are deformed into pattern-edge dislocation half loops, which accumulate at the film edge and are punched out from the edge.
Piezoresistance in polysilicon (1984)

A theoretical model for piezoresistance in polysilicon is described. Grain size, orientation and doping dependence effects are included. Predictions of gauge factor using the model give reasonable agreement with experimental results and enable optimum processing parameters to be chosen for a given grain size.
Incoherent light-induced diffusion of arsenic into silicon from a spin-on source (1983)

A new approach to impurity diffusion in semiconductors based on the use of a spin-on source and short-time incoherent light exposure has been developed and experimentally investigated for arsenic diffusion into silicon. Arsenic-doped oxide films, ∼0.19 μm thick, were spin-on deposited onto 〈100〉 oriented silicon crystals and heated with radiation from a xenon lamp to temperatures between 950 and 1200 °C for times of 10 and 25 s. Arsenic diffused layers tested with resistivity measurements and Rutherford backscattering analysis were characterized by a maximum surface concentration ∼1×1020 atom/cm3 and a maximum depth ∼0.40 μm.
Immune Recruitment and Bactericidal Activity of Neutrophils in Milk of Cows Vaccinated with Staphylococcal α-Toxin (1997)

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin to recruit neutrophils in the milk of vaccinated cows and the bactericidal efficiency of these neutrophils were evaluated. Six lactating Holstein cows that were free of intramammary infection received systemic immunization by subcutaneous injection of Freund's incomplete adjuvant with alpha-toxin (n = 2), alpha-toxin mixed with type 5 capsular polysaccharide (n = 2), or a conjugate of these two antigens (n = 2). Controls (n = 4) and vaccinated cows (n = 6) received intramammary infusions of alpha-toxin. No increase in somatic cell count was recorded in quarter milk samples from unimmunized cows; however, 10 micrograms of alpha-toxin induced a local inflammatory reaction in vaccinated cows that was characterized by early and massive cellular recruitment into the mammary gland. More than 90% of the recruited cells were neutrophils. The speed and magnitude of the cellular recruitment were dose-dependent; the threshold dose was 0.6 microgram. Milk samples showed significant bactericidal activity against the type 5 S. aureus strain, regardless of the vaccine used, and showed a decrease in bacterial count of about 2 log10 from the initial inoculum. The best efficiency was recorded during the early phase of cellular recruitment with concomitant activation of blood-derived neutrophils. This study demonstrates that a bacterial virulence factor, alpha-toxin, is able to induce immune recruitment of neutrophils for efficient bactericidal activity in milk when cows are immunized with alpha-toxin that is used either as a nonconjugate vaccinate or as a carrier protein in a conjugate vaccine. The study also suggests that neutrophils that are recruited from blood are activated during inflammation in response to specific antigens.
Primary structure of prion protein may modify scrapie isolate properties. (1989)

Scrapie is an infectious neurodegenerative disease caused by unusual pathogens called prions, in which no scrapie-specific nucleic acid has been detected to date. The only known component of the prion is the scrapie isoform of prion protein (PrPSc), which is encoded by a host gene (Prn-p). Isolates of scrapie agent were prepared by passage of infectivity through inbred strains of mice that differ in scrapie incubation time and produce PrPSc molecules differing by two amino acids. Both the length and variability of the incubation period were increased by inocula containing allogeneic PrPSc. For example, Prn-pb I/Ln mice inoculated with scrapie isolate passaged through Prn-pa NZW mice had incubation times of 283 +/- 21 days compared with a 193 +/- 6 day incubation time seen with isolate passaged once through isologous I/Ln mice. No further shortening of incubation time was observed following further isologous passage. NZW incubation times were prolonged by inoculation with prions from I/Ln mice. Results from (NZW x I/Ln)F2 mice and from using inocula from donors isologous for Prn-p but otherwise allogeneic with respect to the recipient suggest that the primary structure of PrPSc is responsible for these incubation time results. Incubation times in (NZW x I/Ln)F1 mice were constant regardless of the passage histories of the scrapie isolates and were equivalent to those of I/Ln mice inoculated with I/Ln prions, contending that prolongation of scrapie incubation time by the prion incubation time gene Prn-i is fully dominant. I/Ln incubation times longer than those in F1 hybrids may reflect a reduced efficiency of allogeneic PrPSc in initiating disease. Although some investigators propose that differences in behavior among scrapie isolates reflect host selection and argue for a nucleic acid genome, we suggest that the variation observed among our scrapie isolates is epigenetic, reflecting host-directed differences in the amino acid sequence of PrPSc.
Optimized virtual honeynet with implementation of host machine as honeywall (2015)

This paper proposes a methodology for the establishing a honeynet in which host machine work as honeywall and thus take advantage of underlying architecture on which they are deployed. Such setup help to minimize the CPU and RAM load for running extra virtual machine for CDROM Roo. In this implementation various types of honeypots continue to run in virtual environment using Virtual Box as in case of Generation III Virtual Honeynet. The implementation is specific to Linux based host machine having single network interface card deployed in distributed environment. Security of the host machine is of utmost important and hence special techniques are discussed to ensure its security and methods to mitigate security risk associated with host and virtual machines. Special techniques were implemented to enhance the data control and data capturing mechanisms to generate logs and securely forward to central data collection server.
Genetic characterization of Chromobacterium isolates from black water environments in the Brazilian Amazon (2005)

To isolate and to characterize the diversity of Chromobacterium violaceum from the Brazilian Amazon region.Twenty-two isolates were obtained from the waters and banks of the river Negro, in the Brazilian Amazon. All isolates were able to grow in vitro at 44 degrees C and pH 4.0, but were adversely affected by temperatures below 15 degrees C, and unable to survive at 4 degrees C, properties that may be related to the adaptation to the ecosystem. The isolates were joined at a final level of similarity of only 13% in the rep-PCR analysis. The analysis of 16S rRNA genes resulted in three main groups clustered at a final level of similarity of 97% and only three isolates were clustered with the type strain. Similar data were obtained for the 23S rRNA gene.A high level of genetic diversity was verified with indications that the Brazilian isolates would fit into at least two new clusters besides C. violaceum species.The results show remarkable bacterial adaptability and genetic diversity of C. violaceum in the Amazon region.
933. Sendai Virus Vector Can Efficiently Introduce Transgene into Cardiomyocytes In Vitro and In Vivo (2004)

Yukiko Honma,1,2 Yoshinori Ito,1,3 Hironari Dehari,4 Masayoshi Kobune,5 Jinghua Huang,3 Kiminori Nakamura,3 Takeshi Kobayashi,6 Takeshi Uzuka,3 Sachie Hirai,3 Hiroaki Uchida,7 Makoto Inoue,8 Mamoru Hasegawa,8 Masayuki Morikawa,2 Noritsugu Tohse,6 Tomio Abe,2 Hirofumi Hamada.3
Synthesis and characterization of stable colloidal Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ particles in water-in-oil microemulsions (1992)

The authors have prepared nanometer-size magnetite particles in Aerosol OT (AOT)/water/iso-octane water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions. The sizes of the particles in the colloids were inferred from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and were on the order of one nanometer. Those in dried samples were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were 5-20 nm. This implies that aggregation occurs during drying. X-ray diffraction showed that the particles' phase was consistent with magnetite. Magnetic properties were studied using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The colloids showed a superparamagnetic behavior and the dried samples showed a ferromagnetic behavior, supporting the size measurements using DLS and TEM, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control of Crystal Structure of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>Epitaxial Thin Films by Adjusting Growth Conditions and Piezoelectric Properties (2012)

The effects of epitaxial strain on the crystal structure and piezoelectric properties of (100) BiFeO3 thin films were investigated. The epitaxial strain of BiFeO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition was controlled by adjusting film thickness and growth temperature. From the results of X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping and in-plane piezoelectric force microscopy, it is found that the crystal structure of BiFeO3 thin films is a rhombohedral structure with tetragonal distortion, and that the extent of tetragonal distortion increases with decreasing film thickness and growth temperature. From the voltage-strain curves of the films, electric field strain is dominated by the piezoelectric effect in the low-voltage region, while the electrostrictive effect appears in the high-voltage region. It was found that piezoelectric strain increases with increasing extent of tetragonal distortion, which suggests that the piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3 thin films can be improved using a mixture of two types of structural distortion.
Integrated Tests for Removal of Nitric Oxide with Iron Thiochelate in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems (1996)

Wet flue gas desulfurization scrubbers can be retrofitted for combined removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gas by adding a newly developed iron(II) thiochelate to limestone slurries. This additive enhances the solubility of NO in limestone slurries by binding NO to form iron nitrosyl thiochelates. The bound NO is then converted to an ammonium ion by iron metal, regenerating the active iron(II) catalyst for continued NO capture. The conditions of the chemical regeneration of iron(II) thiochelate have been studied. This chemical reduction method is efficient, simple, and cost-effective. Integrated tests of this new iron additive on a bench-scale system have been conducted. A turbulent contact absorber was employed to test simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 with iron(II) thiochelate in a limestone slurry. The steady-state NO removal efficiency depends on the operating conditions of an absorber, the iron chelate concentration, the fraction of the flow diverted for regeneration, and the conditions used in the regeneration reactor. The bench-scale test results were used to develop a prediction of the performance of a full-scale spray absorber.
Encouraging Mathematical Inquisitiveness (1970)

Carl L. Main is a Mathematics Instructor at Shoreline Community College, Seattle, Washington. He has previously published work in the Pi Mu Epsilon Journal. Often it appears that we, as teachers, adopt a particular approach to the development of a concept, technique, or problem. Instead, we should be helping the students develop their own approaches. The following incident which occurred in an introductory calculus course was a most exciting experience for me and illustrates the value of flexibility in our teaching of mathematics. Our attention had been on the concept of integration by means of rectangular approximations to the area of a region in the coordinate plane under a curve y = f(x), above the x-axis, and between x = a and x = b. Considering monotonic polynomial functions, we had calculated the areas of the approximating rectangles in the usual manner. The height of the rectangles was obtained by evaluating the function at either the lefthand or righthand endpoints of each subinterval. All had gone relatively smoothly by the use of
Fine-tuning of immune responses by SLAM-related receptors (2005)

The modulation of antigen receptor signals is important for a productive immune response. The main function of the recently identified members of the signaling lymphocyte activating molecule (SLAM)-related receptors (SRR) is the fine-tuning of immune cell activation. Disruption of SRR function is the cause for severe immune disorders such as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), where XLP patients carry a mutation in SLAM-associated protein (SAP) (SH2D1A), an important adaptor molecule for the signal transduction of SRR. Recent data also suggest that SRR may play a role in autoimmune diseases and the function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Here, we review the current understanding of SRR function in different immune cells.
Protein evolution on partially correlated landscapes. (1995)

We extend an earlier model of protein evolution on a rugged landscape to the case in which the landscape exhibits a variable degree of correlation (i.e., smoothness). Correlation is introduced by assuming that a protein is composed of a set of independent blocks or domains and that mutation in one block affects the contribution of that block alone to the overall fitness of the protein. We study the statistical structure of such landscapes and apply our theory to the evolution by somatic hypermutation of antibody molecules composed of framework and complementarity-determining regions. We predict the expected number of replacement mutations in each region.
Selective targeting of perivascular macrophages for clearance of β-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2009)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides in leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels, affects the majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence suggests that vascular amyloid deposits may result from impaired clearance of neuronal Abeta along perivascular spaces. We investigated the role of perivascular macrophages in regulating CAA severity in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD. Depletion of perivascular macrophages significantly increased the number of thioflavin S-positive cortical blood vessels. ELISA confirmed that this increase was underscored by elevations in total vascular Abeta(42) levels. Conversely, stimulation of perivascular macrophage turnover reduced cerebral CAA load, an effect that was not mediated through clearance by microglia or astrocytes. These results highlight a function for the physiological role of perivascular macrophages in the regulation of CAA and suggest that selective targeting of perivascular macrophage activation might constitute a therapeutic strategy to clear vascular amyloid.
Multi-perspective quality control of Illumina RNA sequencing data analysis (2016)

Quality control (QC) is a critical step in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Yet, it is often ignored or conducted on a limited basis. Here, we present a multi-perspective strategy for QC of RNA-seq experiments. The QC of RNA-seq can be divided into four related stages: (1) RNA quality, (2) raw read data (FASTQ), (3) alignment and (4) gene expression. We illustrate the importance of conducting QC at each stage of an RNA-seq experiment and demonstrate our recommended RNA-seq QC strategy. Furthermore, we discuss the major and often neglected quality issues associated with the three major types of RNA-seq: mRNA, total RNA and small RNA. This RNA-seq QC overview provides comprehensive guidance for researchers who conduct RNA-seq experiments.
Toward Improving the Efficiency and Realism of Coupled Meteorological---Acoustic Computer Models for the Forest Canopy (2004)

Abstract : Several physics-based computer models have been developed to calculate one- and two-dimensional forest canopy micrometeorology and turbulence for future U.S. Army acoustic application research. Individual computer codes have incorporated various computational methods on a uniform grid to solve the meteorological fields. However, it may be possible to improve the efficiency and realism of the coupled meteorological acoustic computer models by introducing variable grid. Variable grid will allow for better distribution of grid points and will extend calculations higher into the boundary layer above the forest. A finer grid inside the forest and a coarser grid above the forest will help to resolve important meteorological (and acoustic) scales and processes. Therefore, the following report presents results from some preliminary tests to incorporate this important feature into numerical codes. First, several simpler physics-based diffusion models are developed to benchmark fundamental (numerical) techniques. Both explicit and implicit differencing schemes are examined. In addition, numerical stability criteria for these calculations are demonstrated. Then, successful preliminary tests on these codes are extended to more complicated meteorological acoustic models for the forest canopy.
Classification artificial neural systems for genome research (1992)

A neural network classification method has been developed as an alternative approach to the search/organization problem of large modular databases. Two artificial neural systems have been implemented on a Cray for rapid protein/nucleic acid classification of unknown sequences. The system employs a n-gram hashing function for sequence encoding and modular backpropagation networks for classification. The protein system has achieved a 82 to 100% sensitivity at a speed that is about an order of magnitude faster than other search methods. With the rapid accumulation of sequences, the saving in time will become increasingly significant. The pilot nucleic acid system showed a 96% classification accuracy. The software tool would be valuable for the organization of molecular sequence databases and is generally applicable to any databases that are organized according to family relationships. >
Biodistribution and retargeting of FX-binding ablated adenovirus serotype 5 vectors (2010)

A major limitation for adenoviral transduction in vivo is the profound liver tropism of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5). Recently, we demonstrated that coagulation factor X (FX) binds to Ad5-hexon protein at high affinity to mediate hepatocyte transduction after intravascular delivery. We developed novel genetically FX-binding ablated Ad5 vectors with lower liver transduction. Here, we demonstrate that FX-binding ablated Ad5 predominantly localize to the liver and spleen 1 hour after injection; however, they had highly reduced liver transduction in both control and macrophage-depleted mice compared with Ad5. At high doses in macrophage-depleted mice, FX-binding ablated vectors transduced the spleen more efficiently than Ad5. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated transgene colocalization with CD11c(+), ER-TR7(+), and MAdCAM-1(+) cells in the splenic marginal zone. Systemic inflammatory profiles were broadly similar between FX-binding ablated Ad5 and Ad5 at low and intermediate doses, although higher levels of several inflammatory proteins were observed at the highest dose of FX-binding ablated Ad5. Subsequently, we generated a FX-binding ablated virus containing a high affinity Ad35 fiber that mediated a significant improvement in lung/liver ratio in macrophage-depleted CD46(+) mice compared with controls. Therefore, this study documents the biodistribution and reports the retargeting capacity of FX binding-ablated Ad5 vectors in vitro and in vivo.
논문 - 대기업 하청거래 네트워크의 공간적 특성 및 함의 : LG 전자 디스플레이 사업본부를 사례로 (2001)

본 연구는 LG전자 디스플레이 사업본부를 사례로 대기업 하청거래 네트워크의 공간적 특성과 하청거래 관리 및 협력정책을 고찰하였다. LG 전자 디스플레이 사업본부의 경우에도 과거에 비해 전체적으로 비교적 높은 국지적 하청거래 네트워크가 형성되고 있으며, 앞으로 생산공정의 수직적 분해와 하청거래는 더욱 강화될 것으로 예상된다. 그러나, 역내 하청업체들은 비희로 부품 중심의 저부가가치형 전자부품 생산에 특화된 구조적 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 특성은 구미지역이 기술환경 변화에 대응하여 경쟁력을 지속함에 있어서 결정적인 약점이 될 수 밖에 없다. 하청거래업체 관리 및 협력정책에서 밝혀진 바와 같이 경쟁력이 떨어지거나 부품의 기술적 특화도가 미약할 경우 언제든지 하청거래관계를 중단하려는 경향이 매우 강한 반면, 핵심 부품을 생산하는 주요 하청거래업체의 변동은 없기 때문이다. 따라서 중핵 대기업과 하청거래업체간의 네트워크 거래관계에 있어서 협력체제가 지역에 뿌리내릴 수 있는 학습과 혁신을 위한 제도화가 지역정책의 핵심이 되어야 할 것이다.
<title>Segmentation-based lossless coding of medical images</title> (1995)

Lossless compression techniques are essential in archival and communication of medical images. However, there has been limited recent progress in lossless image coding. Algorithms available are either too complicated for fast implementation or suitable only for certain specific types of images. In this paper, a new Segmentationbased Lossless Image Coding (SLIC) scheme is proposed, which is based on a simple but efficient region growing procedure. This embedded procedure produces an adaptive scanning pattern for an image with the help of a very-few-bits-needed discontinuity index map. Along with this scanning pattern, the high correlation among image pixels is exploited by the method, and thereby an error image data part with a very small dynamic range is generated. Both the error image data and the discontinuity index map data parts are then JBIG encoded. In comparison with direct coding by JBIG, JPEG, adaptive Lempel-Ziv, and 2D Burg prediction pius Huffman error coding methods, the SLIC method performed better by at least 7% with ten 8-bit and 10-bit high-resolution digitized medical images. Keywords: segmentation, region growing, lossless compression, image coding, medical image
Using Elasticity to Improve Inline Data Deduplication Storage Systems (2014)

Elasticity is the ability to scale computing resources such as memory on-demand, and is one of the main advantages of utilizing cloud computing services. With the increasing popularity of cloud based storage, it is natural that more deduplication based storage systems will be migrated to the cloud. Existing deduplication systems however, do not adequately take advantage of elasticity. In this paper, we illustrate how to use elasticity to improve deduplication based systems, and propose EAD (elasticity aware deduplication), an indexing algorithm that uses the ability to dynamically increase memory resources to improve overall deduplication performance. Our experimental results indicate that EAD is able to detect more than 98\% of all duplicate data, however only consumes less than 5\% of expected memory space. Meanwhile, it claims four times of deduplication efficiency than the state-of-art sampling technique while costs less than half of the amount of memory.
2.5 Gb/s transmission of a spectrum-sliced incoherent hight source with 0.92 nm bandwidth over 80 km of dispersion-shifted fiber (1998)

We present a spectrum broadening technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of spectrum sliced incoherent light sources using the fiber four-wave mixing effect which occurs in a nonlinear loop mirror located at the receiver. The initial transmission channel bandwidth of 0.92 nm was increased to 1.62 nm in the nonlinear loop mirror at the optical receiver, which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio to a desired value. Using this technique, we have demonstrated the transmission of a 2.5 Gb/s NRZ signal with the 0.92 nm bandwidth through a 80 km dispersion-shifted fiber. The measured transmission penalty was less than 0.2 dB at <TEX>$1{\imes}10^{-10}$</TEX> BER.