gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
I-309/T cell activation gene-3 chemokine protects murine T cell lymphomas against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis (1996)

We have previously reported that cytokines such as IL-9, IL-4, and IL-6 protect murine thymic lymphoma cell lines against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. A similar activity, which could not be ascribed to any of these factors, was found in a number of human T cell supernatants that enabled mouse BW5147 thymic lymphoma not only to escape apoptosis but also to maintain proliferation. The protein responsible for this activity was purified to homogeneity from the culture medium of activated leukemic T cells and was found to be identical with the I-309 chemokine. Half-maximal anti-apoptotic activity was obtained with approximately 1 ng/ml, a concentration considerably lower than that required for the monocyte chemotactic activity of this molecule, as measured on THP-1 cells. The purified I-309 also improved the survival of two other mouse thymic lymphoma cell lines. This activity was as potent as that of IL-9, which was the strongest anti-apoptotic factor found to date for these cells. Similar results were obtained for BW5147 cells with recombinant I-309 and with T cell activation gene-3, the murine homologue of I-309, but not with other members of the chemokine family, including IL-8, neutrophil-activating peptide-2, granulocyte chemotactic protein-2, macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and MCP-2. MCP-3, however, showed a minor, but significant effect in this model. Unlike that of IL-9, the activity of I-309 was completely inhibited in the presence of pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of a G protein in this process.
Diabetes Increases Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products on Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (2004)

Prolongation of relaxation is a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Most studies attribute this defect to decreases in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) expression and SERCA2a-to-phospholamban (PLB) ratio. Since its turnover rate is slow, SERCA2a is susceptible to posttranslational modifications during diabetes. These modifications could in turn compromise conformational rearrangements needed to translocate calcium ions, also leading to a decrease in SERCA2a activity. In the present study one such modification was investigated, namely advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Hearts from 8-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic (8D) rats showed typical slowing in relaxation, confirming cardiomyopathy. Hearts from 8D animals also expressed lower levels of SERCA2a protein and higher levels of PLB. Analysis of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass data files from trypsin-digested SERCA2a revealed several cytosolic SERCA2a peptides from 8D modified by single noncrosslinking AGEs. Crosslinked AGEs were also found. Lysine residues within actuator and phosphorylation domains were cross-linked to arginine residues within the nucleotide binding domain via pentosidine AGEs. Two weeks of insulin-treatment initiated after 6 weeks of diabetes attenuated these changes. These data demonstrate for the first time that AGEs are formed on SERCA2a during diabetes, suggesting a novel mechanism by which cardiac relaxation can be slowed during diabetes.
A simple control strategy applied to three-phase rectifier units for telecommunication applications using single-phase rectifier modules (2003)

This paper presents a simple control technique applied to three-phase rectifier units with high power factor and equilibrated currents in the input. The rectifier unit is composed of three single-phase modules without neutral connection and independent power factor pre-regulation stages. In order to obtain equal power processing in each phase, the output current of each single-phase module needs only to be equal, once the output voltage is common to all of them. The same current in each module is ensured by the current mode control technique. Theoretical analysis of the control technique, along with experimental results are provided in this paper.
Bentonite electrical conductivity: a model based on series–parallel transport (2010)

Bentonite has significant applications nowadays, among them as landfill liners, in concrete industry as a repairing material, and as drilling mud in oil well construction. The application of an electric field to such perimeters is under wide discussion, and subject of many studies. However, to understand the behaviour of such an expansive and plastic material under the influence of an electric field, the perception of its electrical properties is essential. This work serves to compare existing data of such electrical behaviour with new laboratorial results. Electrical conductivity is a pertinent parameter since it indicates how much a material is prone to conduct electricity. In the current study, total conductivity of a compacted porous medium was established to be dependent upon density of the bentonite plug. Therefore, surface conductivity was addressed and a series–parallel transport model used to quantify/predict the total conductivity of the system.
Characterisation of n-Type Bifacial Silicon PV Modules (2016)

Bifacial PV modules have shown the potential to increase the performance of traditional photovoltaic module architectures using relatively conventional silicon manufacturing techniques. Bifacial modules can produce additional energy from the rear surface of the module, collecting not only light incident on the front surface but also sunlight scattered or reflected from the ground or environment onto the rear surface. To assess their performance and quality, PV modules are characterized using international standards to rate the modules in terms of output power and efficiency. However, at present, no specific standards exist for bifacial modules. Furthermore, these modules are often characterized by a high efficiency and an increased capacitance and the measurement with standard pulsed solar simulators may be affected by strong measurement artefacts resulting in increased or reduced maximum power. This work presents the indoor characterisation of bifacial c-Si PV modules under varying irradiance levels using different methods such as a single-sweep flash simulator, the so-called multi-flash (MF) method and a steady state sun simulator for the accurate measurement of the module parameters. The effect of different rear surface coverings, from matt black painted wood to gloss white card and the differences among the characterisation method are also investigated.
A study of secondary electron emission in insulators and semiconductors (1982)

The equation derived by G. F. Dionne [J. Appl. Phys. 44, 5361 (1973)], has been used as a basis for the present analysis. Escape probability has been determined for various insulators and semiconductors. The relative importance of the emission and production terms has been discussed in various energy gap-width regions. The role of electron affinity is also discussed. Values for the escape probabilities and the mean free paths of secondaries are given.
Novel Oxidizing Breaker for High-Temperature Fracturing (1997)

Abstract A novel oxidizing breaker system has been developed for fracturing fluids at high temperatures. Below 200°F, the system is not active, but above 200°F, the oxidizing system aggressively attacks the polysaccharide backbone of the fracturing fluids, resulting in a complete break of the crosslinked fluids. In the presence of a gel stabilizer, an intermediate, reactive oxidizing species is formed. The result of this formation is a delayed, soluble, high-temperature oxidizing system. Controlled viscosity reduction at 200°F to 300°F in crosslinked gelled fluids with and without a gel stabilizer will be demonstrated. Testing included Model 50 viscosity profiles, high-temperature static break tests, and conductivity testing. Results from all testing showed the effect of oxidant concentration in producing apredictable, controlled break of the thermally stabilized crosslinked systems. Data were obtained in low-pH and high-pH Zr-crosslinked fluids as well as in borate-crosslinked fluids. The delayed mechanism of the new breaker system provides fluids with excellent crosslinked viscosity properties at early times with predictable, long-term viscosity reductions. Case histories show that the breaker system can be used throughout the treatment in the pad fluid, proppant-laden fluid, and flush. This paper provides data that allow significant improvements in job design. The operations engineer can obtain predictable, controlled gel degradation by using the data provided for temperature, gel type, gel stabilizers, and breaker concentration. The results are optimized treatment designs with rapid fluid recovery, improved proppant-bed conductivity, and increased well productivity.
Antenna Pattern Shift Keying Modulation for MIMO Channels (2013)

Antenna pattern shift keying (APSK) modulation is a low-complexity scheme for multiple antenna wireless systems. In this paper, APSK modulation is introduced to convey information jointly by a general phase modulation, the indices of transmitter antennas and antenna beam patterns to improve the spectral efficiency and reliability while keeping the detection simple. The idea behind this transmission technique is to map the bit vector corresponding to one symbol in three information carrying blocks: the first block determines the active antenna indices, the second maps to the antenna beam patterns and the third block maps to the conventional amplitude/phase modulation (APM) symbols. APSK modulation combines two novel schemes: generalized phase spatial shift keying (GPSSK) modulation which exploits the antenna indices and the other scheme called antenna beam pattern modulation (ABPM) which uses the beam patterns to carry information. The receiver estimates these three blocks which are used to de-map the signal. The performance of this method is evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and throughput.
The Deutsche Nicotinamide Intervention Study: an attempt to prevent type 1 diabetes. DENIS Group. (1998)

On the basis of the positive outcome of animal experiments, several large placebo-controlled trials are underway and aiming for the first time at the prevention of an immune-mediated disease, type 1 diabetes. The first of these trials, The Deutsche Nicotinamide Intervention Study (DENIS), evaluated the clinical efficacy of high doses of nicotinamide in children at high risk for IDDM. Nicotinamide has been shown to protect beta-cells from inflammatory insults and to improve residual beta-cell function in patients after onset of IDDM. Individuals at high risk for developing IDDM within 3 years were identified by screening the siblings (age 3-12 years) of patients with IDDM for the presence of high titer (> or =20 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation [JDF] U) islet cell antibodies. Probands (n = 55) were randomized into placebo and nicotinamide (slow release, 1.2 g x m(-2) x day(-1)) receiving groups and followed prospectively in a controlled clinical trial using a sequential design. Rates of diabetes onset were similar in both groups throughout the observation period (maximum 3.8 years, median 2.1 years). This sequential design provides a 10% probability of a type II error against a reduction of the cumulative diabetes incidence at 3 years from 30 to 6% by nicotinamide. The trial was terminated when the second sequential interim analysis after the eleventh case of diabetes showed that the trial had failed to detect a reduction of the cumulative diabetes incidence at 3 years from 30 to 6% (P = 0.97). The group receiving nicotinamide exhibited decreased first-phase insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose (P = 0.03). No other side effects were observed. We conclude that in this subgroup of diabetes-prone individuals at very high risk and with an assumed rapid disease progression, nicotinamide treatment did not cause a major decrease or delay of diabetes development. However, the data do not exclude the possibility of a less strong, but potentially meaningful, risk reduction in this cohort, or a major clinical effect of nicotinamide in individuals with less risk of progression to IDDM than studied here.
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. In vivo effects on carotid intimal thickening in normocholesterolemic rabbits. (1993)

The in vivo activity of different 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors (vastatins) on neointimal formation induced by insertion of a flexible collar around one carotid artery of normocholesterolemic rabbits was investigated. The contralateral carotid artery served as a sham control. Pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, and fluvastatin were given mixed with food at daily doses of 20 mg/kg body wt for 2 weeks starting on the day of collar placement. The treatment with vastatins did not modify rabbit plasma cholesterol concentrations. The neointimal formation was assessed by measuring the cross-sectional thickness of intimal and medial tissues of fixed arteries with light microscopy. Fourteen days after collar placement, intimal hyperplasia (mostly cellular) was pronounced in treated carotid arteries. The intimal/medial (I/M) tissue ratio was 12-fold higher in treated arteries than in arteries without the collar (0.36 +/- 0.04 versus 0.03 +/- 0.02). Animals treated with lovastatin (n = 12), simvastatin (n = 12), and fluvastatin (n = 12) showed significantly less neointimal formation; I/M tissue ratios were 0.24 +/- 0.03, 0.20 +/- 0.03, and 0.17 +/- 0.03, respectively. The inhibition elicited by pravastatin (n = 12, 0.32 +/- 0.03) did not reach statistical significance. alpha-Actin antibody immunofluorescence analysis of serial sections revealed that cells present in the hyperplastic intima were mostly myocytes. Rates of intimal myocyte proliferation were also measured by incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, a thymidine analogue, into replicating DNA. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was actively incorporated into intimal myocytes after ++reinsertion of the collar, with a labeling index (percent of labeled myocytes) of 2.15 after 14 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chirality preservation in pyrrolinone iron tetracarbonyl complexes ? a route to enantiopure 5-substituted pyrrolinones (1995)

The enantiopure iron complex 4 reacts under the influence of BF3·OEt2 with allylsilanes and enol acetates through a cationic intermediate in which the chirality of 4 is preserved, yielding enantiopure 5-substituted 3-pyrrolin-2-ones.
Diterpenoid, Steroid, and Triterpenoid Agonists of Liver X Receptors from Diversified Terrestrial Plants and Marine Sources (2005)

It has been demonstrated that liver X receptors (LXR) play a significant role in cholesterol homeostasis. Agonists of LXR are expected to increase cellular cholesterol efflux, lower LDL, and raise HDL levels. Screening of a natural product library of plant extracts using a LXR-SPA binding assay and bioassay-guided fractionation of a number of plant and marine gorgonian extracts led to the isolation of a number of active compounds. These included acanthoic acid (1) and alcohol (2), viperidone (3), polycarpol (4), rosacea acid (5), a cycloartane derivative (6), a new cycloartane analogue (7), betulinic acid (8), and gorgostane derivatives (9, 10, and 11). Of these compounds, 1, 4, and 11 exhibited potent binding affinity for alpha-receptor with IC(50) values of 0.25, 0.12, and 0.07 microM, respectively. Functionally they also showed strong coactivator association stimulation for LXRalpha receptor with EC50 values of 0.18, 0.03, and 0.05 microM, respectively. They also exhibited 15-, 8-, and 13-fold induction of the alpha-receptor in a transactivation assay in HEK-293 cells, respectively. In general these compounds were selective for the LXR alpha-receptor over the beta-receptor in all assays and were much better stimulators of the alpha-receptor than the endogenous steroid ligands.
Dietary essentiality of “nutritionally non-essential amino acids” for animals and humans (2015)

Based on growth or nitrogen balance, amino acids (AA) had traditionally been classified as nutritionally essential (indispensable) or non-essential (dispensable) for animals and humans. Nutritionally essential AA (EAA) are defined as either those AA whose carbon skeletons cannot be synthesized de novo in animal cells or those that normally are insufficiently synthesized de novo by the animal organism relative to its needs for maintenance, growth, development, and health and which must be provided in the diet to meet requirements. In contrast, nutritionally non-essential AA (NEAA) are those AA which can be synthesized de novo in adequate amounts by the animal organism to meet requirements for maintenance, growth, development, and health and, therefore, need not be provided in the diet. Although EAA and NEAA had been described for over a century, there are no compelling data to substantiate the assumption that NEAA are synthesized sufficiently in animals and humans to meet the needs for maximal growth and optimal health. NEAA play important roles in regulating gene expression, cell signaling pathways, digestion and absorption of dietary nutrients, DNA and protein synthesis, proteolysis, metabolism of glucose and lipids, endocrine status, men and women fertility, acid-base balance, antioxidative responses, detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites, neurotransmission, and immunity. Emerging evidence indicates dietary essentiality of "nutritionally non-essential amino acids" for animals and humans to achieve their full genetic potential for growth, development, reproduction, lactation, and resistance to metabolic and infectious diseases. This concept represents a new paradigm shift in protein nutrition to guide the feeding of mammals (including livestock), poultry, and fish.
Species differences in the aromatization of quinic acid <i>in vivo</i> and the role of gut bacteria (1970)

1. The fate of (-)-quinic acid has been investigated in 22 species of animals including man. 2. In man and three species of Old World monkeys, i.e. rhesus monkey, baboon and green monkey, oral quinic acid was extensively aromatized (20-60%) and excreted in the urine as hippuric acid, which was determined fluorimetrically. 3. In three species of New World monkeys, i.e. squirrel monkey, spider monkey and capuchin, in three species of lemurs, i.e. bushbaby, slow loris and tree shrew, in the dog, cat, ferret, rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, lemming, fruit bat, hedgehog and pigeon, oral quinic acid was not extensively aromatized (0-5%). 4. In the rhesus monkey, injected quinic acid was not aromatized, but largely excreted unchanged. 5. In rhesus monkeys pretreated with neomycin to suppress gut flora, the aromatization of oral quinic acid was considerably suppressed. 6. In rats and rhesus monkeys [(14)C]quinic acid was used and this confirmed its low aromatization in rats and its high aromatization in the monkeys. 7. Shikimic acid given orally was excreted as hippuric acid (26-56%) in rhesus monkeys, but not in rats. 8. The results support the view that quinic acid and shikimic acid are aromatized by the gut flora in man and the Old World monkeys.
Transvenous serial xero-arteriography: a new non-invasive angiographic method for AV-fistulas in haemodialysis patients. (1981)

A new technique--transvenous serial Xero-arteriography (TSXA)--was evaluated in order to avoid the risks of the commonly used angiographic methods in av-fistulas. The contrast medium is injected intravenously in the contralateral forearm, an average of 5 per cent of the total contrast medium appearing in the arm to be examined. The Xerox-system now allows visualisation of both arteries and fistulated veins. Using a cassette-changer morphologic and functional alterations can be examined. TSXA is largely free of risk, avoiding arterial access and patient discomfort. TSXA gives reliable information about the real haemodynamic situation of av-fistulas including morphologic and functional alterations. Thus, surgical procedures can be performed more precisely, more carefully and time-saving.
Reversible Oxidation of Phthalocyanines (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible Oxidation of PhthalocyaninesC. J. PEDERSENCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 2, 127–132Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01353a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01353a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-range surface plasmon waveguides and devices in lithium niobate: preliminary results (2007)

Plasmonic structures in lithium niobate are discussed, particularly long-range (low-loss) straight and curved metal stripe waveguides and electro-optic sections. Long-range waveguides are constructed as a thin narrow metal stripe embedded in a homogeneous optically infinite lithium niobate background. Structures are fabricated using trenching, direct wafer bonding and polishing, resulting in metal stripes and features bounded by lithium niobate lower and upper claddings. Theory and fabrication are discussed, and preliminary experimental results are presented.
Fast semi-analytical method for precise prediction of ion energy distribution functions and sheath electric field in multi-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (2018)

We propose a fast semi-analytical method to predict ion energy distribution functions and sheath electric field in multi-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas, which are difficult to measure in commercial plasma reactors. In the intermediate frequency regime, the ion density within the sheath is strongly modulated by the low-frequency sheath electric field, making the time-independent ion density assumption employed in conventional models invalid. Our results are in a good agreement with experimental measurements and computer simulations. The application of this method will facilitate the understanding of ion–material interaction mechanisms and development of new-generation plasma etching devices.