gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feedback inhibition of polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate synthesis from mevalonate in vitro. Implications for protein prenylation. (1992)

The prenylation of proteins utilizes the polyisoprenyl pyrophosphates (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) as prenyl donors. These polyisoprenoids are also precursors to ubiquinone and dolichol synthesis. We have previously described the geranylgeranylation of rab 1b from labeled mevalonate in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (Khosravi-Far, R., Lutz, R. J., Cox, A. D., Conroy, L., Bourne, J. R., Sinensky, M., Balch, W. E., Buss, J. C., and Der, C. J. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 6264-6268). We now directly demonstrate the incorporation of mevalonate into FPP and GGPP in rabbit reticulocyte cytosol. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis reveals that only all-trans-E,E,E-GGPP, the prenyl donor for in vivo protein geranylgeranylation, is synthesized. Incubations with recombinant H-ras and rab1b result in an increased synthesis of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl derivatives, respectively. The increase is wholly accounted for by protein-incorporated polyisoprenoids with no change in the polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate pools. Further, GGPP inhibits its own synthesis, without affecting FPP synthesis, with half-maximal inhibition at approximately 3 microM GGPP. Inhibition of FPP synthesis by the inhibition of isopentenyl isomerase causes a dramatic increase in isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis. FPP also inhibits conversion of mevalonate into FPP. These findings indicate that these polyisoprenyl pyrophosphates can down-regulate their own synthesis in vitro, and this regulation may control the levels of these polyisoprenoids in vivo.
Highway traffic incident detection based on BPNN (2010)

Because traffic incident is the main cause of traffic congestion in Highway, traffic incident detection plays an important role in ITS. Based on the professional software VISSIM, we performed an experiment on incident caused by traffic jam to obtain the original simulated data. We offered a way to deal and analyse the traffic prameters, then an updated automatic traffic incident detection method was proposed based on BP neural network. Simulation result shows that the new method has many advantages such as higher detection rate, lower false alarm rate and shorter mean detection time.
Sperm swim singly after vitamin C therapy (1983)

Swallow a gram of ascorbic acid daily and restore fertility in just four days? It sounds implausible, to say the least. But Earl B. Dawson, PhD—with colleagues William A. Harris and William J. McGanity, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston—has recently shown that this may be possible in men with infertility secondary to nonspecific sperm agglutination. At the recent meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology in Chicago, Dawson reported on a study of 35 male patients who could not impregnate their wives because more than 20% (mean, 37%) of their sperm clumped together, as demonstrated by microscopic studies of semen samples. The men's serum ascorbic acid levels averaged 0.2 mg/dL, which is considered borderline by the US National Nutrition Research Council, in contrast to a normal level of 0.6 to 0.8 mg/dL. Semen levels of the vitamin averaged 4.2 mg/dL.
Targeted Agents for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2005)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly treatment-resistant tumor type; however, advances in elucidating the molecular pathophysiology underlying RCC has led to the identification of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. In clear-cell RCC, mutations to the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene results in the up regulation of many proteins necessary for tumor growth and survival--such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), which are involved in tumor-initiated angiogenesis. Carbonic anhydrase IX and signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are involved in tumor cell proliferation and are also up regulated by mutation in the VHL gene. The intracellular messenger pathways phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Raf/MEK/ERK act as convergence points for positive growth signaling; the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is also implicated in apoptosis. Several agents in development target VEGF (bevacizumab), the VEGF receptor (PTK787, SU11248, VEGF-trap, and BAY 43-9006), the PDGF receptor (SU11248 and BAY 43-9006), or the EGF receptor (gefitinib, cetuximab, ABX-EGF, and erlotinib). The intracellular Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade has been targeted at either the level of Raf (BAY 43-9006, ISIS 5132) or MEK (CI-1040, PD184352 and ARRY-142886), and PI3K signaling is disrupted by CCI-779. WX-G250 targets the G250 antigen, and PS-341 disrupts the 26S proteasome mediating the degradation of intracellular proteins. Given that multiple pathways contribute to tumor growth, anti-tumor activity may be increased by agents targeting multiple pathways, or by combining agents to allow horizontal or vertical inhibition of multiple pathways.
Synthesis of Isocitronellol (Synthetic Perfume). I (1952)

As one method of utilizing the levulic acid obtained as a by-product of amino acidd industry, synthesis of a perfume was attempted. Starting with ethyl levulate and isoamyl bromide, 4, 7-dimethyl-1, 4-octanolide was obtained by the Grinard reaction, and subsequent ring cleavage, dehalogenation, esterification and reduction yielded the isomer of the objective citronellol, 4, 7-dimethyl-3-octan-1-ol (isocitronellol). This was confirmed by deriving it to the semicarbazone, m. p. 86-88°, of levulic ester.
Controlled Indomethacin Release from Mucoadhesive Film: <i>In Vitro</i> and Clinical Evaluations (2008)

To develop a film formulation allowing controlled release for long-term analgesia, we selected ethyl cellulose (EC) as a novel additive, prepared a film formulation using indomethacin (IM film), and evaluated it in vitro and clinically. In the in vitro experiments, the effects of the EC concentration on the release rate of IM and on the adhesion force to the mucous membrane were investigated. The addition of 10% EC resulted in more sustained slow release compared with no EC, and the adhesion of the film with 10% EC added was similar to that of films containing carboxyvinyl polymer, which we reported previously showed significantly increased adhesion. A two-layered film consisting of an adhesive layer with 2% or 1% IM and 10% EC and a nonadhesive layer with 2% polyethylene glycol as a softening agent, was investigated for clinical use. Film consisting of an adhesive layer with 2% IM and 10% EC exhibited rapid onset of potent analgesia and was expected to prolong the duration of analgesia. These results suggest that IM film with EC added may be useful clinically, since it shows both immediate analgesic effects and prolonged duration of release.
Isolation and Identification of Lepidimoide, a New Allelopathic Substance from Mucilage of Germinated Cress Seeds (1992)

A new allelopathic substance that promoted the shoot growth of different plant species but inhibited the root growth was isolated as an amorphous powder from mucilage of germinated cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds. This substance was identified as sodium 2-O-rhamnopyranosyl-4-deoxy-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronate (designated lepidimoide) from the mass and the nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra coupled with some chemical evidence. Lepidimoide promoted the hypocotyl growth of etiolated Amaranthus caudatus L. at concentrations higher than 3 mum and inhibited the root growth at concentrations higher than 100 mum. The growth-promoting activity in hypocotyls was 20 or 30 times as much as that of gibberellic acid.
A Comparison of Antialiasing Techniques (1981)

Three antialiasing techniques were applied to a scene of moderate complexity. Early results suggest that prefiltering is still the most computationally effective method.
Stabilization of mRNA in the cell-free translation system from Escherichia coli. (1990)

In the RNA directed cell-free protein synthesizing system from E. coli, there is a problem of contaminating 3'-exonucleases which attack the mRNAs. Thus, we tried the following two methods to stabilize mRNAs against nucleases: (A) To use mRNAs having hairpin structures at their termini and (B) To hybridize mRNAs with small DNA fragments to the 3'-termini of mRNAs. It was found that degradation of a mRNA was inhibited by the method B rather than the method A in the translation system.
Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network with a Conditional Random Field Layer for Uyghur Part-Of-Speech Tagging (2017)

Uyghur is an agglutinative and a morphologically rich language; natural language processing tasks in Uyghur can be a challenge. Word morphology is important in Uyghur part-of-speech (POS) tagging. However, POS tagging performance suffers from error propagation of morphological analyzers. To address this problem, we propose a few models for POS tagging: conditional random fields (CRF), long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM networks (BI-LSTM), LSTM networks with a CRF layer, and BI-LSTM networks with a CRF layer. These models do not depend on stemming and word disambiguation for Uyghur and combine hand-crafted features with neural network models. State-of-the-art performance on Uyghur POS tagging is achieved on test data sets using the proposed approach: 98.41% accuracy on 15 labels and 95.74% accuracy on 64 labels, which are 2.71% and 4% improvements, respectively, over the CRF model results. Using engineered features, our model achieves further improvements of 0.2% (15 labels) and 0.48% (64 labels). The results indicate that the proposed method could be an effective approach for POS tagging in other morphologically rich languages.
Hexadentate Bispidine Derivatives as Versatile Bifunctional Chelate Agents for Copper(II) Radioisotopes (2009)

The preparation and use of bispidine derivatives (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) as chelate ligands for radioactive copper isotopes for diagnosis (64Cu) or therapy (67Cu) are reported. Starting from the hexadentate bispidine-based bis(amine)tetrakis(pyridine) ligand 1 with a keto and two ester substituents, the corresponding mono-ol 2 and two dicarboxylic acid derivatives 3 and 5 have been synthesized. A range of techniques, including single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, UV/vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thin-layer- (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), have been used to characterize the structure and stability of the copper(II)-bispidine complexes. A rapid formation (within 1 min) of stable copper(II)-bispidine complexes under mild conditions (ambient temperature, aqueous solution) has been observed. Challenge experiments of these complexes in the presence of a high excess of competing ligands, such as glutathione, cyclam, or superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as in rat plasma, gave no evidence of demetalation or transchelation. The bifunctional bispidine derivative 5 can be readily functionalized with biologically active molecules at the pendant carboxylate groups. The coupling of a bombesin analogue betahomo-Glu-betaAla-betaAla-[Cha(13),Nle(14)]BBN(7-14), by condensation of a carboxylate of the bispidine backbone with the N-terminus of the peptide produced the bifunctional ligand 6. The radiocopper(II) complex of this bombesin-bispidine conjugate has a considerable hydrophilicity (log D(o/w) < -2.4), and this leads to a very fast blood clearance (blood: 0.28 +/- 0.02 SUV, 1 h p.i.), low liver tissue accumulation (liver: 1.20 +/- 0.27 SUV, 1 h p.i.), and rapid renal-urinary excretion (kidneys: 6.06 +/- 2.96 SUV, 1 h p.i.) as shown by biodistribution studies of 64Cu-6 in Wistar rats. Preliminary in vivo studies of 64Cu-6 in NMRI nu/nu mice, bearing the human prostate tumor PC-3 showed an accumulation of the conjugate in the tumor (2.25 +/- 0.13 SUV, 12.5 min p.i.; 0.94 +/- 0.05 SUV, 55 min p.i.) and allowed a clear visualization of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor distribution by positron emission tomography (PET).
Application of Microprocessors to the Control and Protection System at Substation (1980)

The progress of microprocessors has been so remarkable in recent years that the application of modern digital data processing techniques can solve many problems in power system control and protection field. This paper describes a digital system using thirteen microprocessors which performs all the control and protective functions at a substation. The fundamental concept of this system is Three Data Channel Structure to manage all the signal flows for control and protection. This system has been installed at a substation since December 1977 and the field test has demonstrated its feasibility for commercial application with valuable field experiences.
RARβ Agonist Drug (C286) Demonstrates Efficacy in a Pre-clinical Neuropathic Pain Model Restoring Multiple Pathways via DNA Repair Mechanisms (2019)

Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with profound gene expression alterations within the nociceptive system. DNA mechanisms, such as epigenetic remodeling and repair pathways have been implicated in NP. Here we have used a rat model of peripheral nerve injury to study the effect of a recently developed RARβ agonist, C286, currently under clinical research, in NP. A 4-week treatment initiated 2 days after the injury normalized pain sensation. Genome-wide and pathway enrichment analysis showed that multiple mechanisms persistently altered in the spinal cord were restored to preinjury levels by the agonist. Concomitant upregulation of DNA repair proteins, ATM and BRCA1, the latter being required for C286-mediated pain modulation, suggests that early DNA repair may be important to prevent phenotypic epigenetic imprints in NP. Thus, C286 is a promising drug candidate for neuropathic pain and DNA repair mechanisms may be useful therapeutic targets to explore.
Activation of Adenosine A<sub>2a</sub>Receptors Inhibits Mast Cell Degranulation and Mast Cell-Dependent Vasoconstriction (2000)

Adenosine and inosine accumulate in tissue during periods of ischemia and both molecules have been shown to degranulate mast cells in the hamster cheek pouch via activation of an A3 receptor. An A2-mediated inhibitory action of adenosine on mast cell degranulation has also been reported (16), and the objective of this research was to investigate the role of adenosine A2 receptors in modulating inosine-induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent vasoconstriction of microvessels.Cheek pouches of the Golden hamster were prepared for in vivo microscopy. Adenosine, inosine, and other agents were applied either globally in the superfusion solution or to selected regions of the tissue by pipette.Micropipette application of 10(-4) M inosine to periarteriolar mast cells caused a vasoconstriction and an associated mast cell degranulation in 71% of the arterioles tested. The average diameter reduction was 29 +/- 5%. To establish a modulatory role for the A2 receptor, low doses of adenosine (100 nM and 10 nM) were applied globally via the superfusion prior to inosine stimulation. This adenosine pretreatment resulted in a decrease in the incidence of the inosine-induced vasoconstriction (17% and 31%), as well as smaller constrictions (0.5 +/- 1% and 7 +/- 3%). Mast cell degranulation was also reduced by pretreatment with adenosine, as evidenced by a decreased number of mast cells exhibiting ruthenium red dye uptake. The inhibitory effect of adenosine could be eliminated by pretreatment with the nonselective A1/A2 antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl) theophylline, which restored the inosine-induced responses to control values. To demonstrate that the effect was A2 alpha-mediated, vessels were pretreated with the selective A2 alpha agonist 2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680). Following this treatment, constriction in response to microapplication of inosine (10(-4) M) occurred in only 11% of the vessels tested; the average constriction was reduced to 2 +/- 2% and no mast cell degranulation was observed.We conclude that mast cell degranulation can be inhibited via activation of an adenosine A2 alpha receptor; which activation occurs at a lower concentration of adenosine than stimulatory A3 receptor activation. This finding may have implications for the pathology of ischemia.
Investigations for a Josephson Computer Main Memory with Single-Flux-Quantum Cells (1980)

The paper first summarizes requirements for a main memory with Josephson junctions and reviews the work carried out on an experimental main memory model containing an array of single-flux-quantum cells, line drivers, and address decoders with a total of nearly 4500 Josephson junctions. In the second part, theoretical and experimental investigations on the y drive system, including sense circuit, are presented. The investigations deal with both the read and write phases. Finally, the on-chip logic circuits and the address decoders are discussed, and the experimental results presented. Drivers and decoders based on the principle of current steering in superconducting loops are intended to be used on a fully populated main-memory chip.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON AN ACRIFLAVINE-PHOSPHOTUNGSTATE COMPLEX; STAINING OF PHAGE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES FOR THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (1970)

Electrophoretic studies showed that the acriflavine-phosphotungstate (A-PTA) complex, which was formed by the reaction of acriflavine with phosphotungstic acid (PTA), contained a lower net positive charge than neutral acriflavine alone. Spectral studies from the titrations of specified aliquots of acriflavine with increasing volumes of PTA showed that the formation of A-PTA was characterized by a shift of the absorption peak of acriflavine from 452 mµ to a lower wavelength, at 446 mµ. The saturation of PTA binding sites on the acriflavine occurred when 3 molecules of dye reacted with 1 molecule of PTA. Binding curves of both neutral acriflavine and of A-PTA with "native" and with heat-denatured DNA showed shifts of λ max to longer wavelengths. A-PTA bound less native and less denatured DNA than the dye alone. The coupling of acriflavine with PTA caused a decrease in the net ability of the A-PTA complex to bind DNA. Double stranded DNA molecules from T3 bacteriophage were stained with the A-PTA complex for the electron microscope.
Epigenetic Regulation of Viral Biological Processes (2017)

It is increasingly clear that DNA viruses exploit cellular epigenetic processes to control their life cycles during infection. This review will address epigenetic regulation in members of the polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B, and herpes viruses. For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. Specifically, this review will focus on the role of epigenetic regulation in maintaining viral episomes through the generation of chromatin, temporally controlling transcription from viral genes during the course of an infection, regulating latency and the switch to a lytic infection, and global dysregulation of cellular function.
The Effect of Plasma Nitriding and Shot Peening on the Fretting Damage Resistance of Ti Alloy (2001)

Plasma nitriding with DC pulse power apparatus was used to treat Ti6A14V titanium alloy.The phases and hardness distribution in the treated surface layer were investigated by means of X ray diffraction and microhardness measurement.The ductility and tribological properties of nitrided Ti alloy were evaluated by using indentation,fretting wear and sliding wear testes.Shot peening was introduced to post treat the nitrided layer in order to synergically improve the fretting fatigue resistance of Ti alloy.The results show that a composite phases layer,which consists of TiN,Ti 2N,Ti 2A1N and so on,is formed on titanium alloy surface by using the DC pulse plasma technique.The sliding wear and fretting wear resistance of nitrided titanium alloy are increased remarkably,but the fretting fatigue resistance is reduced due to low ductility of nitrided surface.As compared with the alloy subjected to shot peening alone,the titanium alloy after plasma nitriding combined with shot peening post treatment shows better fretting fatigue resistance.This is deternimed by the synergetic effect of high wear resistance and lubricating function of nitrided surface and the compressive residual stress induced by shot peening.Increasing the ductility of nitrided surface of Ti alloy is very important not only for fretting fatigue resistance but also for fretting wear resistance.
Recent Developments in Zeolite-like Materials Synthesis and Characterisation (1999)

In the last few years considerable effort has been directed at the targeted synthesis of zeolites and zeolite-like microporous materials with predetermined physical and catalytic properties. With new computational techniques, it has become possible to design templates for the synthesis of specific microporous structures with desired pore size and connectivities. With regard to zeolite-like materials, much attention has been focused on transition metal containing systems, like zincosilicates, titanosilicates and various metalloaluminophosphates with a potential to generate specific redox conditions, in addition to Bronsted and Lewis active catalytic centres. Experimental determination of subtle structural features such as the nature and position of the catalytically active metal sites, and the location, orientation and disorder of templates, metals or complexes within the microporous hosts has become possible using new characterisation techniques, mostly based on X-ray diffraction and the use of synchrotron and neutron radiation sources. In situ studies of the kinetics of nucleation, crystal growth and phase transitions or catalyst activation and operation at elevated temperatures have remarkably benefited from the new high-flux and well-collimated third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, and from the advances in the X-ray detector design and data handling.
Treasures in Heaven (1938)

Ah, those intangible rewards of teaching! While they lurk around the corner, enjoy Mr. Fowler's humorous viewpoint.
A novel compact bandstop filter using defected microstrip structure (2010)

Abstract In this article, a new defected microstrip structure (DMS) which is used to design filter is introduced.Its resonant characteristics can be adjusted by changing the dimension of the structure unit. A novel bandstop filter is designed based on this structure. There are two transmission zeros located at about 4.08 GHz and 6.2 GHz, respectively. The measured results show a good agreement with the simulation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:433–435, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25708