gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of Novel<i>N</i>-Halamine Polymer Beads Prepared by Suspension Copolymerization (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of Novel N-Halamine Polymer Beads Prepared by Suspension CopolymerizationYuyu Sun and Gang SunView Author Information Division of Textiles and Clothing, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 23, 8909–8912Publication Date (Web):October 3, 2002Publication History Received6 May 2002Revised12 August 2002Published online3 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma020691ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma020691ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1396Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Copolymerization,Monomers,Polymers,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Challenges to the clinical application of pluripotent stem cells: towards genomic and functional stability (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can undergo unlimited self-renewal and are pluripotent, retaining the ability to differentiate into all cell types in the body. As a renewable source of various types of human cells, hESCs hold great therapeutic potential. Although significant advances have been achieved in defining the conditions needed to differentiate hESCs into various types of biologically active cells, many challenges remain in the clinical development of hESC-based cell therapy, such as the immune rejection of allogeneic hESC-derived cells by recipients. Breakthroughs in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are reprogrammed from somatic cells with defined factors, raise the hope that autologous cells derived from patient-specific iPSCs can be transplanted without immune rejection. However, recent genomic studies have revealed epigenetic and genetic abnormalities associated with induced pluripotency, a risk of teratomas, and immunogenicity of some iPSC derivatives. These findings have raised safety concerns for iPSC-based therapy. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the genomic and functional stability of human pluripotent stem cells, current challenges to their clinical application and the progress that has been made to overcome these challenges.
On Multiple Slice Turbo Code (2003)

The main problem with the hardware implementation of turbo codes is the lack of parallelism in the MAP-based decoding algorithm. This paper proposes to overcome this problem with a new family of turbo codes, called Slice Turbo Codes. This family is based on two ideas: the encoding of each dimension with P independent tail-biting codes and a constrained interleaver structure that allows parallel decoding of the P independent codewords in each dimension. The optimization of the interleaver is described. A high degree of parallelism is obtained with equivalent or better performance than the best known turbo codes. The parallel architecture allows reduced complexity turbo decoding for very high throughput applications.
A case of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor- and rituximab-induced plantar pustular psoriasis that completely resolved with tocilizumab (2014)

Rituximab, a chimeric B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody, is a well-established therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. It is emerging that classical psoriatic lesions and plantar pustular psoriasis (PPP) are cutaneous side-effects of this drug. Antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies have multiple documented side-effects including PPP and psoriasis. We report a patient who has rheumatoid arthritis, who failed on anti-TNF therapies and then was commenced on rituximab. Subsequently she developed localized PPP. Due to deterioration of her joint disease she was switched to the interleukin-6 blocker tocilizumab, and the PPP resolved.
In vitro skin penetration of clobetasol from lipid nanoparticles: drug extraction and quantitation in different skin layers (2012)

Clobetasol propionate (CP) is a potent topical corticosteroid that causes several cutaneous and systemic side effects. In the present work, CP was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to increase drug retention in the outer skin layers and improve the safety of topical therapy. NLCs were prepared using a microemulsion technique with a mixture of lecithin, taurodeoxycholate, stearic acid, and oleic acid. In vitro penetration studies were performed in a modified Franz-type diffusion cell, and porcine ears were used as a model of human skin. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for clobetasol determination in different skin layers. NLCs presented uniform size distribution, high zeta potentialand entrapment efficiency values (> 98%). The analytical procedure was validated according to FDA guidelines. Clobetasol recoveries from skin samples were higher than 85%, with no interference of skin components and NLC ingredients. In experiments, after 6 h, a higher drug accumulation in the stratum corneum arising from NLCs compared to aqueous CP solution was observed. Thus, the NLCs demonstrated high potential for targeting CP to the skin and ensuring drug accumulation in the stratum corneum.
Sulfonated carbon nanotubes/sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) composites for polymer electrolyte membranes (2010)

Abstract A series of composite membranes consisting of sulfonated carbon nanotubes (sCNTs) and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) were successfully fabricated via the solution casting method. The chemical structure, as well as the long‐term stability of the sCNTs in different solvents, was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and solubility experiment, respectively. The morphology, tensile strength, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of the composite membranes were also investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicated the good dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix as well as the strong interfacial bonding between the sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) (SPESEKK) matrix and sCNTs. The addition of either pristine carbon nanotubes or modified carbon nanotubes significantly enhanced the tensile strength of the SPESEKK membrane. The proton conductivity of the SPESEKK membrane increased while the methanol permeability decreased as the sCNTs content increased, showing a strong interaction between the modified nanotubes and SPESEKK. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coulomb blockade phenomena in electromigration break junctions (2005)

Nanosized gap structures have been fabricated via electromigration-induced breaking of gold-palladium nanowires. The application of low breaking voltages resulted in gap junctions exhibiting single-electron tunneling signatures at low temperature (2K), which are attributed to the formation of metallic nanoclusters during the electromigration process. Strikingly, the I–V characteristics of most samples displayed a close similarity to those typically attributed to electrical transport through single molecules contacted by incorporation into electromigration gaps. The finding that the breaking of bare nanowires alone is sufficient to create rich differential conductance features should be taken into account in future electrical studies on molecular-scale structures.
Evaluation of Human P-Glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) ATPase Activity Assay Method by Comparing with in Vitro Transport Measurements: Michaelis-Menten Kinetic Analysis to Estimate the Affinity of P-Glycoprotein to Drugs (2006)

Human ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) encoded by the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene is recognized as one of the most important factors regulating pharmacokinetics of a number of clinically important drugs because of its function of extruding a wide range of structurally unrelated amphiphilic and hydrophobic drugs from the inside to the outside of cells in an ATP-driven mechanism. In the present study, we have evaluated the high-speed ATPase activity assay method by comparing with in vitro transport assay systems using MDR1-transfected MDR1-MDCK cells. Since substrate drugs were found to interfere with the photometric detection of inorganic phosphate (Pi) that was liberated according to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP in ATPase activity assay, at first, a method in which the amount of Pi can be calculated correctly. Results demonstrate that the kinetic parameters obtained in ATPase activity assay are not necessarily correspond with those in in vitro transport assay, suggesting that these methods might detect the different processes of drug-P-gp interaction. The combining of the ATPase activity assay and in vitro transport technologies provides us the insight into mechanisms of the membrane transport of drugs by P-gp.
K13 mutations and pfmdr1 copy number variation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Myanmar (2016)

The proportion of P. falciparum isolates with mutations in the propeller region of k13 indicates that artemisinin resistance extends across much of Myanmar. There is a low prevalence of parasites with multiple pfmdr1 copies across the country. The efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy containing mefloquine and lumefantrine is, therefore, expected to be high, although regular monitoring of efficacy will be important.
Snippet based relevance calculations (2002)

The purpose of Web Host Access Tool (WHAT) project is to formulate a search based on a user's present needs, and past search results. The tool gathers information from the user, sends out a query to various search engines, ranks the responses, and then presents the results to the user. In the past, it has been assumed information returned by a search tool, such as the WHAT tool, or a search engine, provides enough information to judge the relevance of a web page. Katie and Lee Ann are partaking in a research project that examines the quality of information returned by a search engine.
Structural basis of tropism of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to the bladder during urinary tract infection (2002)

The first step in the colonization of the human urinary tract by pathogenic Escherichia coli is the mannose-sensitive binding of FimH, the adhesin present at the tip of type 1 pili, to the bladder epithelium. We elucidated crystallographically the interactions of FimH with D-mannose. The unique site binding pocket occupied by D-mannose was probed using site-directed mutagenesis. All but one of the mutants examined had greatly diminished mannose-binding activity and had also lost the ability to bind human bladder cells. The binding activity of the mono-saccharide D-mannose was delineated from this of mannotriose (Man(alpha 1-3)[Man(alpha 1-6)]Man) by generating mutants that abolished D-mannose binding but retained mannotriose binding activity. Our structure/function analysis demonstrated that the binding of the monosaccharide alpha-D-mannose is the primary bladder cell receptor for uropathogenic E. coli and that this event requires a highly conserved FimH binding pocket. The residues in the FimH mannose-binding pocket were sequenced and found to be invariant in over 200 uropathogenic strains of E. coli. Only enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) possess a sequence variation within the mannose-binding pocket of FimH, suggesting a naturally occurring mechanism of attenuation in EHEC bacteria that would prevent them from being targeted to the urinary tract.
Sparse Dueling Bandits (2015)

The dueling bandit problem is a variation of the classical multi-armed bandit in which the allowable actions are noisy comparisons between pairs of arms. This paper focuses on a new approach for finding the "best" arm according to the Borda criterion using noisy comparisons. We prove that in the absence of structural assumptions, the sample complexity of this problem is proportional to the sum of the inverse squared gaps between the Borda scores of each suboptimal arm and the best arm. We explore this dependence further and consider structural constraints on the pairwise comparison matrix (a particular form of sparsity natural to this problem) that can significantly reduce the sample complexity. This motivates a new algorithm called Successive Elimination with Comparison Sparsity (SECS) that exploits sparsity to find the Borda winner using fewer samples than standard algorithms. We also evaluate the new algorithm experimentally with synthetic and real data. The results show that the sparsity model and the new algorithm can provide significant improvements over standard approaches.
Yield Stress of Bentonite Dispersions (2016)

We review the factors affecting the yield stress of water dispersions of the wonder material, bentonite. Despite the multitude of applications and its wide use in industry, we still do not have adequate models which enable the prediction of the yield stress of these dispersions, which will allow the manufacturing of fluids with made to order properties. Concentration increases the yield stress of these dispersions according to an approximate power of 3.0, but modeling suggests an exponent of 2.0. pH of the suspension gives maxima and minima; however the results are inconclusive regarding their location. The presence of electrolytes decreases the yield stress of these suspensions but a concrete model to predict the yield stress is yet to be found. Polymers increase the yield stress of the suspensions except at initial low concentrations where a decrease is observed due possibly to a liquefying effect. Very recent reported experimental observations show pictures of flexed bentonite particles in band-type structures in co-existence with isolated bentonite platelets. An analysis is presented which attempts to bring some additional light into the development of the yield stress of these bentonite dispersions.
Density Functional Theory Model of Adsorption on Amorphous and Microporous Silica Materials (2006)

We present a novel quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) model of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces and porous solids, which accounts for the effects of surface roughness and microporosity. Within QSDFT, solid atoms are considered as quenched component(s) of the solid-fluid system with given density distribution(s). Solid-fluid intermolecular interactions are split into hard-sphere repulsive and mean-field attractive parts. The former are treated with the multicomponent fundamental measure density functional. Capabilities of QSDFT are demonstrated by drawing on the example of adsorption on amorphous silica materials. We show that, using established intermolecular potentials and a realistic model for silica surfaces, QSDFT quantitatively describes adsorption/desorption isotherms of Ar and Kr on reference MCM-41, SBA-15, and LiChrosphere materials in a wide range of relative pressures. QSDFT offers a systematic approach to the practical problems of characterization of microporous, mesoporous, and amorphous silica materials, including an assessment of microporosity, surface roughness, and adsorption deformation. Predictions for the pore diameter and the extent of pore surface roughness in MCM-41 and SBA-15 materials are in very good agreement with recent X-ray diffraction studies.
Effect of proteasome inhibitors on monocytic IκB-α and -β depletion, NF-κB activation, and cytokine production (1998)

We investigated the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of several monocytic cytokines, which may be dependent on the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Exposure of human monocytic THP-1 cells to ALLN and Mu873 prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IkappaB-alpha and -beta, as did the more potent proteasome inhibitor, PSI, whereas several calpain inhibitors were ineffective. This was accompanied by the inhibition of nuclear NF-kappaB binding activity and NF-kappaB transcriptional activation. At the mRNA level, the inhibitors blocked the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), whereas IL-8 remained unaffected by ALLN and was only partially reduced by the highest dose of PSI. The latter effect appears to be due to an increase in IL-8 mRNA stability in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. Furthermore, the production of TNF was efficiently suppressed by ALLN and PSI, less by Mu873, and not at all by calpain inhibitors. In primary human blood monocytes ALLN also prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IkappaB-alpha and -beta, efficiently blocked the production of TNF and, to a lesser extent, IL-1beta, whereas that of IL-8 was not inhibited. The expression of NF-kappaB-dependent monocytic cytokines may be selectively controlled by the proteasome, offering a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease.
INGA UMBELLIFERA (FABACEAE)1 (2006)

Young leaves of tropical forest trees experience far higher herbivory pressure than mature leaves of the same species. Selection on young leaves has led to diverse forms of defense chemical expression. Though most allelochemicals are secondary metabolites, allelochemic function for a primary metabolite remains a possibility. We recently observed this phenomenon in the young leaves of Inga umbellifera, which accumulate the protein amino acid L-tyrosine to very high levels. We isolated L-tyrosine from young leaves of trees in Panama and characterized it using spectroscopic and chemical means. We chromatographically quantified leaf Ltyrosine levels across a range of developmental stages, showing that it was present in the youngest leaves and that its concentration increased throughout the period of expansion, reaching an average maximum of ca 10% of leaf dry mass in latestage young leaves. This chemical phenotype was seen to be highly leaf-age specific: Free tyrosine was only present in mature leaves at very low levels. In bioassays with larvae of the noctuid moth H. virescens, L-tyrosine proved to be a potent growth inhibitor when added to artificial diet at 10% of dry mass. This suggests that a rarely observed defense strategy occurs in young I. umbellifera leaves, a hyper-produced primary metabolite functioning as an allelochemical.
Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>BaTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Films: Probing the Size Effect by Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy (2009)

We demonstrate the dramatic effect of film thickness on the ferroelectric phase transition temperature Tc in strained BaTiO3 films grown on SrTiO3 substrates. Using variable-temperature ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy enables measuring Tc in films as thin as 1.6 nm, and a film thickness variation from 1.6 to 10 nm leads to Tc tuning from 70 to about 925 K. Raman data are consistent with synchrotron x-ray scattering results, which indicate the presence of 180 degrees domains below Tc, and thermodynamic phase-field model calculations of Tc as a function of thickness.
Immunity in Shigellosis. II. Protection Induced by Oral Live Vaccine or Primary Infection (1972)

Journal Article Immunity in Shigellosis. II. Protection Induced by Oral Live Vaccine or Primary Infection Get access Herbert L. DuPont, Herbert L. DuPont Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard B. Hornick, Richard B. Hornick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Merrill J. Snyder, Merrill J. Snyder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph P. Libonati, Joseph P. Libonati Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel B. Formal, Samuel B. Formal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eugene J. Gangarosa Eugene J. Gangarosa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 125, Issue 1, January 1972, Pages 12–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/125.1.12 Published: 01 January 1972 Article history Received: 14 September 1970 Revision received: 09 August 1971 Published: 01 January 1972
Genetic diversity among <i>Lagenaria siceraria</i> accessions containing resistance to root-knot nematodes, whiteflies, ZYMV or powdery mildew (2009)

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in Europe and in the USA in grafting watermelon onto bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. In this study, genetic diversity and relationships were examined [using 236 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers] among 56 United States plant introductions (PIs) of L. siceraria and PIs of important cucurbit crops [including Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (winter squash), Cucurbita pepo L. (squash and pumpkin), Citrullus spp. (watermelon), Cucumis melo L. (melon) and Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber)]. The analysis showed that L. siceraria is distinct and has similar genetic distances to the cucurbit species examined herein. The L. siceraria PIs were assembled into two major clusters. One cluster includes groups of PIs collected mostly in South Asia (India) and a few PIs collected in the Mediterranean region and in Northeast Africa. The second cluster includes groups of PIs collected mainly in Southern Africa and in North, Central and South America, and PIs collected in China, Indonesia and Cyprus. All L. siceraria PIs in this study were susceptible to the southern root-knot nematode (RKN) [ Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Sandground]. However, several PIs, among them a group of closely related PIs collected in Mexico and Florida, were less infected with southern RKNs. All L. siceraria PIs were infested with whiteflies [ Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)], while several PIs were less infested than others and need further evaluation and selection for developing breeding lines that may be less appealing to this pest. Most of the PIs that showed resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus and tolerance to powdery mildew were collected in India and belong to the same phylogenetic groups (PGs). Experiments with L. siceraria PIs representing different PGs showed similar grafting compatibility with watermelon. Findings from this study should be useful for the development of superior L. siceraria rootstock lines with enhanced resistance to diseases and insect pests of cucurbit crops.