gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A large-area integrated multiprocessor system for video applications (2002)

This 16.89 cm/sup 2/ multiprocessor system performs coding of high-resolution video streams in real time. Redundancy and self-reconfiguration techniques ensure high reliability with a suitable yield. We used our own built-in self-test approach, which allows parallel testing of the processor cores.
Ms. Smiff and Rodriguez Bridge the Crain-Cracks Gap (1989)

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Identification of a Novel Prostaglandin Reductase Reveals the Involvement of Prostaglandin E2 Catabolism in Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Activation (2007)

This report identifies a novel gene encoding 15-oxoprostaglandin-Delta13-reductase (PGR-2), which catalyzes the reaction converting 15-keto-PGE2 to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. The expression of PGR-2 is up-regulated in the late phase of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and predominantly distributed in adipose tissue. Overexpression of PGR-2 in cells decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-dependent transcription and prohibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without affecting expression of PPARgamma. Interestingly, we found that 15-keto-PGE2 can act as a ligand of PPARgamma to increase co-activator recruitment, thus activating PPARgamma-mediated transcription and enhancing adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Overexpression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation reaction of PGE2 to form 15-keto-PGE2, significantly increased PPARgamma-mediated transcription in a PGE2-dependent manner. Reciprocally, overexpression of wild-type PGR-2, but not the catalytically defective mutant, abolished the effect of 15-keto-PGE2 on PPARgamma activation. These results demonstrate a novel link between catabolism of PGE2 and regulation of ligand-induced PPARgamma activation.
An Animal Cell Mutant Defective in Heparan Sulfate Hexuronic Acid 2- -Sulfation (1996)

The interaction of heparan sulfate with protein ligands depends on unique oligosaccharide sequences containing iduronic acid (IdUA), N-sulfated glucosamine residues, and O-sulfated sugars. To study the role of O-sulfation in greater detail, we isolated a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant defective in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid. The mutant, pgsF-17, was identified by a colony blotting assay in which colonies of mutagen-treated cells were replica plated to two disks of polyester cloth. One disk was blotted with 125I-labeled basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to measure binding to cell surface proteoglycans. The other disk was incubated with 35SO4 to measure proteoglycan biosynthesis. Autoradiography revealed a colony that did not bind 125I-bFGF, but incorporated 35SO4 normally (mutant pgsF-17). Complete deaminative cleavage of heparan sulfate revealed that material from pgsF-17 lacked IdUA(2OSO3)-GlcNSO3 and IdUA(2OSO3)-GlcNSO3(6OSO3), but contained a higher proportion of glucuronic acid GlcUA-GlcNSO3(6OSO3) and IdUA-GlcNSO3(6OSO3). Assay of the 2-O-sulfotransferase that acts on IdUA residues showed that mutant 17 lacked enzyme activity. Interestingly, the alteration resulted in accumulation of GlcNSO3 groups, suggesting that under normal conditions 2-O-sulfation decreases GlcNAc N-deacetylation/N-sulfation, and that the reactions occur simultaneously. The formation of IdUA and 6-O-sulfated glucosaminyl residues appears to be independent of 2-O-sulfation. pgsF-17 also lacks 2-O-sulfated GlcUA residues, suggesting that the same enzyme is responsible for 2-O-sulfation of IdUA and GlcUA residues. Mutant 17 provides a useful tool for studying the regulation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis and the relationship of heparan sulfate fine structure to its biological function.
Influence of dietary protein supplements on the formation of bacterial metabolites in the colon. (1997)

An increase in dietary protein leads to altered products formation by colonic metabolism, mainly reflected by an increase in faecal ammonia, faecal volatile S substances, and urinary p-cresol.
Laser triggering of a 500-kV gas-filled switch: A parametric study (1984)

We have investigated neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser triggering of a 500-kV, SF6-insulated gas switch for a range of laser parameters. Laser wavelengths of 266 nm and 1064 nm with nominal pulse lengths of 2- and 4-nsec full width at half maximum (FWHM) were used to trigger the switch. The switch was triggered by focusing the laser to form a breakdown arc in the gas between the electrodes. Subnanosecond jitter in the operation of the switch was obtained for 266-nm laser pulse energies as low as 5 mJ. Results obtained with the Nd:YAG laser are compared to earlier data in which the switch was triggered with a krypton-fluoride laser operating at 248 nm with a pulse length of 20-nsec FWHM. Our experimental results show that ultraviolet laser triggering gives results which are a dramatic improvement over infrared laser triggering in terms of lower jitter and smaller change in delay time with variations in applied voltage. We also see indications that the optimum laser pulse length is equal to or greater than the closure time of the switch.
Tumor necrosis factor-associated protein 1 (TRAP-1) protects cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis (2007)

TRAP-1 is a mitochondrial heat shock protein (HSP), recently identified in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells adapted to mild oxidative stress induced by diethylmaleate (DEM). TRAP-1 mRNA expression is increased in DEM-adapted cells as well as in tumor cells resistant to 5-fluorouracil and to platin derivatives. Since a strong decrease of TRAP-1 protein levels, upon cisplatin treatment, is observed only in controls but not in the DEM-adapted counterpart, a possible role for this protein in the development of resistant phenotypes could be hypothesized. To characterize the protective role of TRAP-1 against oxidative stress and apoptosis, stable transfectants were generated and characterized for their response to different stress types. These stable clones expressing constitutively high TRAP-1 levels: (i) are more resistant to H2O2-induced DNA damage and to apoptosis by cisplatin; (ii) contain higher reduced glutathione (GSH) levels than control cells; and (iii) do not release the apoptosis-inducing factor into the nucleus upon cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, high TRAP-1 levels interfere with caspase 3 activation. These results confirm the anti-apoptotic role of TRAP-1, and suggest that increased expression of this mitochondrial HSP in DEM-adapted and chemoresistant cells could be part of a pro-survival signaling pathway aimed to evade toxic effects of oxidants and anticancer drugs.
In search of optimal human-expert system explanations: empirical studies of human-human and human-expert system interactions (1993)

In this project explanations were studied along a continuum ranging from human-human interactions to human-expert system interactions with the goal of identifying features of successful expert system explanations. The project consisted of five distinct phases or steps: (a) defining what a successful explanation entails, (b) observing human-human explanation and formulating hypotheses about the features of successful explanations, (c) testing hypotheses formulated in step b, (d) extending results to an expert system domain and testing again, and (e) from this empirical data, formulating recommendations for expert system explanation designers. The progressive nature of this study allowed conclusions to be drawn about both human-human and human-expert system interactions and the role explanations play in these exchanges. The most salient conclusion drawn from these studies was that explanatory interactions are complex and explanation success is dependent on more than just features of the explanations involved. Individual differences such as an explanation recipient's initial abilities and their participation level in the interaction influence their understanding and performance as much, if not more so, than explanation features. Consistently subjects' participation level interacted with explanation content level. Individuals who are active participants in interactions with an expert perform better when given explanations with low levels of content, whereas passive participants benefit from explanations with high levels of content. Overall, an active participation level increases performance and understanding in human-human interactions, but this result does not generalize to human-expert system interactions where an active participation style is detrimental to performance. This and other inconsistencies between human-human and human-expert system interactions are discussed as well as the advantages of the research approach employed in this project. Finally, recommendations based on the results of these studies are provided for expert system explanation designers.
HOW THEY COMPARE: ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT MODES (1975)

A graphic comparison of the energy efficiency of all transport modes, illustrating specifically: (a) passenger transport energy intensiveness; (b) passenger ground transport energy consumption; (c) drive systems efficiency; (d) freight energy intensiveness; (e) freight transport energy consumption; (f) HP requirements TOPC and improved CDFC; (g) Truck-MPG vs. velocity; (h) transport efficiency, TIFC vs. advanced design CDFC.
Development and Use of a Vehicle Powertrain Simulation for Fuel Economy and Performance Studies (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A personal computer-based vehicle powertrain simulation (VPS) is developed to predict fuel economy and performance. This paper summarizes the governing equations used in the model. Then the different simulation techniques are described with emphasis on the more complicated time-dependent simulation. The simulation is validated against constant speed and variable cycle test track data obtained for a 5 ton army truck. Then the simulation is used to compare the performance of the 5 ton truck when powered by a cooled and natually aspirated engine, a cooled and turbocharged engine, and an uncooled and turbocharged engine. Studies of the effect of payload, tire efficiency, and drag coefficient on vehicle performance are also conducted, as well as a performance comparison between manual and automatic transmissions. It is concluded that the VPS code can provide good predictions of vehicle fuel economy, and thus is a useful tool in designing and evaluating vehicle powertrains.</div>
Design and fabrication of a piezoelectric instrumented suspension for hard disk drives (2006)

As data densities in computer hard disk drives increase, airflow-induced vibration of the disk drive suspension becomes a major barrier to positioning the read-write head with sufficient precision. One component in reducing these vibrations is a dedicated sensor system for detecting vibration on the sensor arm directly, which enables high-frequency sampling and modal selectivity. In this paper, an efficient method for identifying optimal position and shape of piezoelectric strain gages on a flexible structure is presented, and applied to the steel suspension of a hard disk drive. Zinc oxide deposition processes are adapted to steel substrates, and used to fabricate miniature zinc oxide strain gages at the optimal strain gage location. Substrates with sensors installed were assembled into full disk drive suspensions and tested in a commercial disk drive.
Is the c‐Cbl Proto‐Oncogene Involved in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? (2007)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by survival advantage and accumulation of CD5+ mature B lymphocytes. Expression of zeta-chain-associated protein-70 (ZAP-70), normally present in T lymphocytes or immature B cells, is associated with disease aggressiveness, as IgVH mutational status, and some proteins implicated in survival signal pathways are found to be constitutively activated in CLL cells. ZAP-70 signaling is regulated through molecular adaptors, such as the proto-oncogene product c-Casitas B lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl). The aim of this study was to determine the implication of this proto-oncogene product in CLL in survival signals. It appeared that expression of c-Cbl was increased in CLL and not correlated to that of B cell linker protein or ZAP-70. Furthermore, c-Cbl was significantly hypophosphorylated in progressive disease, so that hypophosphorylated form of c-Cbl (c-Cbl.P) along with ZAP-70, set a cutoff ratio distributing patients with stable situation below 1, and those with progressive disease equal or above 1. Given that phospholipase gamma 2 (PLC gamma 2) function is also influenced by c-Cbl hypophosphorylation, the ratio of PLC gamma 2 to c-Cbl.P was measured in CLL B cells and consistently found to be >or= 1 in Binet stage B CLL patients, as opposed to stage A CLL patients. These findings invite analysis of the role of c-Cbl in CLL.
Stable quinonoid derivatives of isobenzofuran and isoindole (1975)

R. G. F. Giles and G. H. P. Roos, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 260 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000260
Corrosion behaviour of mild steel in moderately alkaline to acidic simulated cooling water containing molybdate and nitrite (1997)

Abstract Molybdate is a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in near neutral and alkaline (pH 6 and above) simulated cooling water (SCW). However, it accelerates corrosion in acidic media (below pH 6). Nitrite can inhibit mild steel corrosion in SCW at pH 4·5 and above, but accelerates corrosion at pH 3. In near neutral and alkaline SCW, molybdate and nitrite act as a synergistic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. In the acidic region between pH 3 and 4·5, the combination can decrease corrosion with a low concentration of molybdate and high concentration of nitrite. These concentrations depend on the relative amounts of molybdate and nitrite present in the system. A mechanism of action of molybdate and nitrite on mild steel corrosion in SCW is proposed, based on the experimental results.
Bionectins A−C, Epidithiodioxopiperazines with Anti-MRSA Activity, from <i>Bionectra byssicola</i> F120 (2006)

Three new epidithiodioxopiperazine compounds, bionectins A (1), B (2), and C (3), along with a known compound, verticillin D (4), have been isolated from the mycelium of liquid fermentation cultures of the fungus Bionectra byssicola F120. The structures of compounds 1−3 were assigned on the basis of MS and NMR data. Compounds 1 and 2 incorporate a dioxopiperazine moiety with a disulfide bridge in their molecules, while 3 contains a dioxopiperazine ring with two methylsulfanyl groups. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and quinolone-resistant S. aureus (QRSA), with MIC values of 10−30 μg/mL, while 3 showed no antibacterial activity even at 100 μg/mL.
Near-perfect-reconstruction pseudo-QMF banks (1994)

A novel approach to the design of M-channel pseudo-quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks is presented. In this approach, the prototype filter is constrained to be a linear-phase spectral-factor of a 2Mth band filter. As a result, the overall transfer function of the analysis/synthesis system is a delay. Moreover, the aliasing cancellation (AC) constraint is derived such that all the significant aliasing terms are canceled. Consequently, the aliasing level at the output is comparable to the stopband attenuation of the prototype filter. In other words, the only error at the output of the analysis/synthesis system is the aliasing error which is at the level of stopband attenuation. Using this approach, it is possible to design a pseudo-QMF bank where the stopband attenuation of the analysis (and thus synthesis) filters is on the order of /spl minus/100 dB. Moreover, the resulting reconstruction error is also on the order of /spl minus/100 dB. Several examples are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Free-form object recognition and registration using surface signatures (1999)

This paper presents a new concept for 3-D free-form surface registration and object recognition using a new surface representation scheme. This representation scheme captures the 3-D curvature information of any free-form surface and encodes it into a 2-D image corresponding to a certain point on the surface. This image is unique for this point and is independent from the object translation or orientation in space. For this reason we called this image “Surface Point Signature” (SPS). This scheme can be used as a global representation of the surface as well as a local one and also in a scale independent surface matching. It performs faster registration than existing registration approaches. We applied this technique in object registration, multimodal medical image registration and the recognition of multiple objects in a 3-D scene.
Genetic changes in the RNA components of RNase MRP and RNase P in Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (2003)

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia diagnosis should be considered in patients with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia even in the absence of any extra-skeletal manifestations if no mutation in COL10A1 can be found and the family history is compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Correct diagnosis is important for genetic counselling and for proper follow up of the patients.
Current gain recovery in silicon nitride passivated planar transistors by hydrogen implantation (1975)

During deposition of silicon nitride, the low-current h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> of silicon planar transistors decreases. When the nitride layer completely seals the oxide from the ambient, the initial value of h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> cannot be restored by annealing at 500°C in forming gas. To eliminate this difficulty, hydrogen ions have been implanted at an energy of 70 keV and at doses varying from 1.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> to 1.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> through the nitride into the oxide. Optimum h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> recovery has been obtained with implantation at a dose of 3.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> followed by a radiation damage annealing at 400-500°C in dry nitrogen.
Photochemistry of <i>S</i>-Phenacyl Xanthates (2011)

Various synthetically readily accessible S-phenacyl xanthates are shown to undergo photoinitiated homolytic scission of the C-S bond in the primary step. The resultant fragments, phenacyl and xanthic acid radicals, recombine to form symmetrical 1,4-diketones and xanthogen disulfides, respectively, in high to moderate chemical yields in chemically inert solvents. They can also be efficiently trapped by a hydrogen-atom-donating solvent to give acetophenone and xanthic acid derivatives. The latter compound is in situ thermally converted to the corresponding alcohol in high chemical yields. S-Phenacyl xanthates could thus be utilized as synthetic precursors to the above-mentioned compounds or as photoremovable protecting groups for alcohols in which the xanthate moiety represents a photolabile linker. The photochemically released phenacyl radical fragments efficiently but reversibly add to the thiocarbonyl group of the parent xanthate molecule. The kinetics of this degenerative reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT)/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) mechanism was studied using laser flash photolysis (LFP) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The rate constants of the RAFT addition step, k(add) ∼ 7 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), and phenacyl radical addition to a double bond of 1,1-diphenylethylene, k(add) ∼ 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), in acetonitrile were experimentally determined by LFP. In addition, photoinitiation of the methyl methacrylate polymerization by S-phenacyl xanthate is demonstrated. The polydispersity index of the resulting poly(methyl methacrylate) was found to be ∼1.4. We conclude that S-phenacyl xanthates can serve simultaneously as photoinitiators as well as RAFT/MADIX agents in polymerization reactions.
A Novel Multistage Group Detection Technique and Applications (2010)

In this letter, a multistage group detection (MSGD) approach to nonlinear equalization is proposed. At each stage, symbols are divided into groups, and maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) within the group is performed. The MLD process identifies a number of promising group values. It is constrained to only consider candidate symbol values identified in the previous stage. Groups are formed by combining groups from the previous stage. For example, symbols are detected one at a time, then two at a time, then four at a time, and so on. The last stage is a form of constrained maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD). The overall demodulation process can be viewed as approximate MLSD, and results show that near-MLSD performance is possible with reasonable complexity. While the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) cellular system is used as an example, the approach can be applied other situations, including the Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink and MIMO.
Biological Control of Mosquito Larvae (1974)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using micellar enhanced ultrafiltration technique: a review (2011)

Abstract Application of Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) for the removal of different heavy metals has been reviewed. It is considered an economical alternative available to the conventional membrane separation process, because it reduces the requirement of higher pressure and high membrane costs. MEUF is a separation processes which uses surfactants and ultrafiltration membranes to remove multivalent ions from wastewater with high percent rejection using electrostatic attraction between metals and micelles. This review seeks to define the effect of the operating parameters, i.e., applied pressure, surfactant concentration, feed temperature, metal ion concentration, feed flow rate, operating time etc. on the removal of metal ions. Emphasis is given to the application of MEUF for the removal of single metal ions, multiple metal ions and different metals along with other organic materials. Also, this review focuses on studies related to micelle formation, attraction between metal ions and micelles, and recovery of surfactants for future research.
Synthesis of Amino Acid Derivatives of Neamine and 2-Deoxystreptamine to be used as Mutasynthons (1991)

ABSTRACT 6′-N derivatives of neamine with alanine, phenylalanine and lysine were synthesized either using an active esters method in one step under controlled conditions, or using a mixed anhydride method after blocking every functional group of neamine and leaving the 6′-amino group free to react. Similarly N,N′-diamino acid and monoamino acid derivatives of 2-deoxystreptamine were synthesized.