gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature Selection and Dualities in Maximum Entropy Discrimination (2013)

Incorporating feature selection into a classification or regression method often carries a number of advantages. In this paper we formalize feature selection specifically from a discriminative perspective of improving classification/regression accuracy. The feature selection method is developed as an extension to the recently proposed maximum entropy discrimination (MED) framework. We describe MED as a flexible (Bayesian) regularization approach that subsumes, e.g., support vector classification, regression and exponential family models. For brevity, we restrict ourselves primarily to feature selection in the context of linear classification/regression methods and demonstrate that the proposed approach indeed carries substantial improvements in practice. Moreover, we discuss and develop various extensions of feature selection, including the problem of dealing with example specific but unobserved degrees of freedom -- alignments or invariants.
Dismembering the Member: rethinking sexual difference in Maria Fernanda Cardoso’s exhibition ‘It’s not size that matters, it is shape’ (2015)

The sculptures were made of a semi-translucent vero-white coloured resin and were mounted on metal plinths and encased in glass domes that suggested an oversized condom or the protective sheath of a natural history museum exhibit. A categorising term such as 'Animal Kingdom' effaces the immense diversity of animals. [...]a grouping elides the way in which our own species is not only dependent upon but co-existent with nonhuman species, what is sometimes called our multispecies existence. [...]they concluded that 'the female genome differs from the male genome in at least four ways' (Carrel and Willard 403), explaining these complex scientific differences in the technical language of genomics. In particular, Cardoso's focus on reproductive organs reminds spectators of the role that technology plays today in reproduction in human and non-human animals in IVF, artificial insemination, genetic manipulations, prenatal screenings and designer babies.
Planar excilamp on rare gas chlorides pumped by a transverse self-sustained discharge (2006)

The design and parameters of a UV—VUV spontaneous radiation source — an excilamp operating on chlorides of rare gases ArCl*, KrCl* and XeCl* in the wavelength range 175—308 nm are presented. The Ne—Xe(Kr, Ar)—HCl mixtures were excited by a high-pressure self-sustained discharge with spark preionisation. It is shown that upon pumping mixtures of rare gases and halogens by a transverse discharge, the intensities of the B—X emission band of molecules ArCl*, KrCl* and XeCl* are comparable and up to 90% of the emission energy of excilamps can be concentrated in the UV region. The peak UV power density at 222 and 308 nm on the output window of the excilamp was ∼2 kW cm-2 for the pulse energy up to ∼ 3 mJ. The output emission energy of the excilamp at 175 nm achieved ∼0.6 mJ and the peak power density was ∼0.4 kW cm-2.
Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays in identifying conserved regions of actinomycete genomes (1995)

Various arbitrary primers as well as pUC18/19 'reverse' sequencing primers were used for random amplified polymorphic DNA assays. Use of a modified reverse primer led to amplification of one major approx. 1100-bp band from the chromosomal DNA of all actinomycetes tested; however, the band was not found when DNAs from other bacteria were used in comparable experiments. Hybridization experiments showed that these bands all contained similar genomic regions. Subsequent sequencing of four of these fragments showed they each contained the sequence of the 3' end of the 23S rRNA gene, the intergenic region and the start of the 5S rRNA gene.
Novel sandwich ELISA for detecting the human soluble pro renin receptor (2012)

The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) plays a key role in the activation of the local renin-angiotensin system via interaction with renin and prorenin. A truncated form that is cleaved by furin, referred to as soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR), is secreted into the extracellular space. An accurate measurement of s(P)RR levels in vivo is an important issue in elucidating the roles of (P)RR in physiology and pathophysiology. To address this, we developed a sandwich ELISA that is applicable to human subjects. The standard curve of this ELISA showed a high linearity (125-8,000 pg/ml) with a correlation coefficient of >0.99. The recovery rate was approximately 90% in human blood and urine samples. The s(P)RR levels in plasma of healthy volunteers was in the range from 15.2 to 35.1 ng/ml (n = 20). Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variations were less than 5.5% and 7.5%, respectively. It thus appears that this ELISA is a reliable tool for measuring s(P)RR levels in human subjects.
Amorphous semiconductors (1971)

Abstract There has been a recent surge of interest in the subject of amorphous semiconductors, a field which only a few years ago was generally considered to be about as scientific as witchcraft or alchemy. The major reason for the change in attitude is not difficult to pinpoint: the turning point was the publication by Ovshinsky1 detailing the various types of switching phenomena that characterize a large class of amorphous solids, and the subsequent publicity describing many potential applications of these phenomena.2,3 But, in addition, the field presents several surprising features that stimulate pure academic interest. Firstly, a serious investigation of the properties of amorphous semiconductors requires not only familiarity with one particular area of science or engineering, but rather a detailed knowledge of results from the combined fields of physics, chemistry, metallurgy, and electrical engineering. Secondly, although the study of amorphous semiconductors, especially when compared with that of crystalline materials, is certainly in its infancy, and much fundamental experimental and theoretical work remains to be done, still much sophisticated thought has been devoted to the subject over the past 10 years and great strides have been made in understanding the basic principles. Finally, even a superficial investigation of amorphous semiconductors brings home rather strikingly the fact that solid state physics, even up to the present time, is being taught incorrectly!
Chronic Infection Drives Expression of the Inhibitory Receptor CD200R, and Its Ligand CD200, by Mouse and Human CD4 T Cells (2012)

Certain parasites have evolved to evade the immune response and establish chronic infections that may persist for many years. T cell responses in these conditions become muted despite ongoing infection. Upregulation of surface receptors with inhibitory properties provides an immune cell-intrinsic mechanism that, under conditions of chronic infection, regulates immune responses and limits cellular activation and associated pathology. The negative regulator, CD200 receptor, and its ligand, CD200, have been shown to regulate macrophage activation and reduce pathology following infection. We show that CD4 T cells also increase expression of inhibitory CD200 receptors (CD200R) in response to chronic infection. CD200R was upregulated on murine effector T cells in response to infection with bacterial, Salmonella enterica, or helminth, Schistosoma mansoni, pathogens that respectively drive predominant Th1- or Th2-responses. In vitro chronic and prolonged stimuli were required for the sustained upregulation of CD200R, and its expression coincided with loss of multifunctional potential in T effector cells during infection. Importantly, we show an association between IL-4 production and CD200R expression on T effector cells from humans infected with Schistosoma haematobium that correlated effectively with egg burden and, thus infection intensity. Our results indicate a role of CD200R:CD200 in T cell responses to helminths which has diagnostic and prognostic relevance as a marker of infection for chronic schistosomiasis in mouse and man.
A role of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase components in endosomal trafficking (2009)

Histone lysine methyltransferase complexes are essential for chromatin organization and gene regulation. Whether any of this machinery functions in membrane traffic is unknown. In this study, we report that mammal Dpy-30 (mDpy-30), a subunit of several histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase (H3K4MT) complexes, resides in the nucleus and at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The TGN targeting of mDpy-30 is mediated by BIG1, a TGN-localized guanine nucleotide exchange factor for adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor GTPases. Altering mDpy-30 levels changes the distribution of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR) without affecting that of TGN46 or transferrin receptor. Our experiments also indicate that mDpy-30 functions in the endosome to TGN transport of CIMPR and that its knockdown results in the enrichment of internalized CIMPR and recycling endosomes near cell protrusions. Much like mDpy-30 depletion, the knockdown of Ash2L or RbBP5, two other H3K4MT subunits, leads to a similar redistribution of CIMPR. Collectively, these results suggest that mDpy-30 and probably H3K4MT play a role in the endosomal transport of specific cargo proteins.
Powder Metallurgy Processing of High Strength Turbine Disk Alloys (1976)

Using vacuum-atomized AF2-1DA and Mar-M432 powders, full-scale gas turbine engine disks were fabricated by hot isostatically pressing (HIP) billets which were then isothermally forged using the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft GATORIZING™ forging process. While a sound forging was produced in the AF2-1DA, a container leak had occurred in the Mar-M432 billet during HIP. This resulted in billet cracking during forging. In-process control procedures were developed to identify such leaks. The AF2-1DA forging was heat treated and metallographic and mechanical property evaluation was performed. Mechanical properties exceeded those of Astroloy, one of the highest temperature capability turbine disk alloys presently used.
Novel economic and green approach to the synthesis of highly active W-MCM41 catalyst in oxidative cleavage of cyclopentene (2003)

A highly active and perfectly structured W-MCM41 catalyst for the oxidative cleavage of cyclopentene to glutaraldehyde was synthesized through a novel economic and green synthetic method by using Na2SiO3 as the Si source and CH3COOC2H5 as the hydrolyzer.
Laser display technology (1968)

The promise of producing a cathode-ray-tube type of display with essentially unlimited screen size accounts for much of the current interest in laser displays. The first display that used a laser light source to generate a television image was operated in late 1964. Since that time, a number of experimental laser display systems have been demonstrated, including versions capable of reproducing color television images and displaying computer-generated information. Adequate light modulation and scanning techniques are presently available, but the design of broadly applicable equipment still awaits the development of more efficient multicolor lasers.
People, Parks and Poverty: Political Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation (2007)

"Action to conserve biodiversity, particularly through the creation of protected areas (PAs), is inherently political. Political ecology is a field of study that embraces the interactions between the way nature is understood and the politics and impacts of environmental action. This paper explores the political ecology of conservation, particularly the establishment of PAs. It discusses the implications of the idea of pristine nature, the social impacts of and the politics of PA establishment and the way the benefits and costs of PAs are allocated. It considers three key political issues in contemporary international conservation policy: the rights of indigenous people, the relationship between biodiversity conservation and the reduction of poverty, and the arguments of those advocating a return to conventional PAs that exclude people."
The effects of combined antifolates on inhibition of growth of murine leukemia cells cultured in vitro. (1997)

The synergistic effect of trimetrexate (TMTX) and sulphonamide derivatives of quinazoline on the cultured 5178Y murine leukemia cells was examined. On exposure to the slightly inhibitory concentrations of TMTX (0.1 nM) in combination with 2-desamino-2-methyl-10-propargyl-5,8-dideaza-pteroyl-sulphoglyc ine (DMPDDSF) (0.02 microM) a synergistic inhibitory effect of the antifolates on cell growth was observed. These two drugs in the same combination caused also synergistic inhibition of de novo synthesis of thymidylate in intact cells as measured by tritium release from [5-(3)H]deoxyuridylate. This was accompanied by a marked reduction in intracellular concentration of 5,10-methylenetetrahydro-pteroyl-polyglutamate (5,10CH2H4PteGlu(n)) (0.2 microM) and dihydropteroyl-polyglutamate (0.12 microM). In these conditions de novo biosynthesis of purine was decreased by 50%. These observations show that growth inhibition by combined antifolates is mediated by intracellular depletion of the substrate of thymidylate synthase -- 5,10CH2H4PteGlu(n). The results obtained strongly suggest that under certain conditions inhibition of thymidylate synthesis by DMPDDSF is intensified by prior application of TMTX -- an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
<title>Addressing factors for polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal displays</title> (1991)

Suitable addressing methods for polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) displays are dependent upon both the type of display and the PDLC properties. Video displays require fast frame rates, high resolution, and gray scale. The addressing method depends upon PDLC properties such as threshold voltage, operating voltages, response times, resistivity, and hysteresis effects. the properties of PDLC films which are formed by ultraviolet (UV) polymerization of LC/monomer solutions depend upon their formation conditions. The threshold and operating voltages, contrast ratio and response times are affected by formation factors including the UV intensity, temperature, LC concentration, LC composition, field pre- alignment conditions, cell thickness, and droplet shape. The PDLC resistivity and hysteresis properties are more difficult to control, and can strongly affect the light throughput, response times, and gray scale of video displays. Apparent limitations from these properties can be overcome by utilizing pulse mode addressing factors pertinent for active matrix and photoactivated light valve PDLC displays.
Preparation and characterization of syndiotactic poly(vinylcyclohexane) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of syndiotactic poly(vinylcyclohexane)Kazuo Soga, Hisayuki Nakatani, and Takesi ShionoCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 3, 1499–1500Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00193a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00193a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on Hypoglycemic Agents. IV. Synthesis of 1, 4, 3-Benzoxathiazine-4, 4-dioxides (1968)

2-Hydroxybenzenesulfonamides were prepared in good yield from 2-acetoxyphenyl-sulfonylchlorides via N-acetyl-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonamides, followed by hydrolysis. The preparations of 2-alkyl, aryl, benzyl, or substituted amino-1, 4, 3-benzoxathiazine-4, 4-dioxides were described. Further 2-methyl-, or benzyl-2, 3-dihydro-1, 4, 3-benzoxathiazine-4, 4-dioxide was also prepared.
Performance evaluation of anonymous routing protocols in MANETs (2006)

Mobile ad hoc networks require anonymous communications in order to thwart new wireless passive attacks; and to protect new assets of information such as nodes' locations, motion patterns, network topology and traffic patterns in addition to conventional identity and message privacy. In particular, in wireless ad hoc networks mobile nodes must rely on ad hoc routing to keep network functional for communication. The transmitted routing messages and cached active routing entries leave plenty of opportunities for eavesdroppers. To address the new challenges, several anonymous routing schemes have been proposed recently. However, in various network scenarios, how the different cryptographic operations impact the routing performance remains unclear. In this paper we investigate the impact from cryptographic operations needed for the anonymous features. The overhead considered includes both increased control packet size and prolonged processing delay. The protocols taken into account include ANODR, AnonDSR, ASR, MASK, and SDAR. We present results based on extensive simulation study. We use the standard/unprotected on-demand scheme AODV in the comparison to show how much cost is paid by each anonymous on-demand scheme. Our simulation study shows that various design choices in anonymous routing indeed trade performance with anonymity protection. We conclude that extensive performance study is needed to evaluate the practicality of any enhancement of these proposed schemes and any new anonymous routing schemes
Ozonization of soybean oil. The preparation and some properties of aldehyde oils (1961)

Abstract A polyaldehydie product called aldehyde oil was prepared by the ozonization of soybean oil, followed by reductive decomposition of the ozonolysis products. Reductive decomposition by chemical means gave 85舑90% yields of carbonyl in the aldehyde oil. Catalytic reduction gave 75舑80% yields. Partially‐hydrogenated soybean oil gave more efficient results than did unhydrogenated oil. The polyfunctional aldehyde oil was found to undergo condensation reactions with phenolic compounds, urea, amines, and polyols to give cross‐linked polymers.
Rapid exit from G0/G1 phases of cell cycle in response to stem cell factor confers on umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells an enhanced ex vivo expansion potential. (1994)

Currently, the most commonly used grafts of progenitor and stem cells for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are derived from large collections of autologous or allogeneic adult human bone marrow (BM). The feasibility of using human umbilical cord blood (HUCB), normal peripheral blood (PB), and smaller collections of BM as sources of hematopoietic stem cell grafts for adult patients remains questionable. We investigated the ex vivo proliferative potential of HUCB CD34+ cells as a means of expanding HUCB grafts, thereby making them more acceptable for clinical transplantation. HUCB-derived CD34+HLA-DR+ cells, maintained for 5 days in suspension cultures supplemented with 10% HUCB plasma and a combination of stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3), displayed a 10-fold increase in the total number of CD34+ cells. In contrast, only a four-fold increase was observed in identical cultures initiated with BM-derived CD34+HLA-DR+ cells. Whereas BM CD34+ cells failed to proliferate in response to SCF alone, HUCB CD34+ cells expanded 5.6-fold by day 5, thus demonstrating an enhanced response to SCF. When the effects of SCF on the exit of HUCB cells from G0/G1 phases of cell cycle were investigated, we found that although HUCB CD34+HLA-DR+ cells were more quiescent than BM CD34+HLA-DR+ and BM CD34+HLA-DR- cells (97.5% of HUCB CD34+HLA-DR+ in G0/G1 vs. 88.6% of BM CD34+HLA-DR+ and 92.0% of BM CD34+HLA-DR- [p < 0.005]), HUCB CD34+HLA-DR+ cells exited from dormancy more rapidly than BM cells, such that by 36 to 48 hours following exposure to SCF, only 55% remained in G0/G1. Furthermore, an 8.4-fold increase in the number of HUCB CD34+ cells still residing in G0/G1 was observed on day 5 in cultures supplemented with SCF and IL-3, suggesting the generation of large numbers of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in vitro. When the contribution of HUCB plasma to the exist of HUCB CD34+HLA-DR+ cells from G0/G1 phases of cell cycle was investigated, it was found that in serum-free media supplemented with only SCF or IL-3, HUCB cells did not exist G0/G1 as rapidly as when HUCB plasma or SCF plus IL-3 was present. In contrast, when HUCB plasma was added to any cytokine combination, it did not enhance the exist of BM CD34+HLA-DR+ cells from G0/G1 phases of cell cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Both resting and activated B lymphocytes expressing engineered peptide-Ig molecules serve as highly efficient tolerogenic vehicles in immunocompetent adult recipients (1997)

To test the potential for genetically transferring foreign sequences into autologous cells for specific modulation of immunity, we have generated transgenic mice that express an engineered peptide-IgG construct in the peripheral B cell compartment. B cells from these mice express and can be stimulated to secrete a murine IgG1 chain grafted with residues 12-26 from bacteriophage A cI repressor protein in-frame at the heavy chain N terminus. As expected, 12-26-IgG transgenic mice are profoundly tolerant to the peptide at both the T and B cell levels. Importantly, the injection of transgenic whole spleen, purified B cells, or even bone marrow cells into normal, immunocompetent adults results in profound peptide-specific T cell tolerance, as well as partial B cell tolerance. Injection of LPS-activated peptide-Ig-expressing B cells was uniquely effective at diminishing an ongoing humoral immune response typical of both Th1 and Th2 help. Since fixed transgenic B cells were tolerogenic, this suggests that secretion of the fusion protein is not required for tolerogenicity. These results show that an engineered self Ig, as well as B lymphocytes expressing epitopes from such a fusion protein, can regulate both cellular and humoral immune responses. Moreover, these studies provide the basis for expressing foreign epitopes on engineered IgG for the induction of gene-transferred tolerogenesis in autoimmune states.