gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of hydrophilic to superhydrophobic <scp>SU</scp>8 surfaces (2015)

ABSTRACT In published literature, it is widely reported that the plasma treatment and funtionalization with Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) can individually alter the wetting properties of SU8 surface. A combination of the two approaches gives better results and the synergism of the two approaches produces a superhydrophobic SU8 surface, which is presented in this work. We have investigated various composition of plasma for treatment of SU8 surfaces and permuted the treated SU8 surfaces with deposition of OTS SAM. In all such synergized experiments, we obtained water contact angle higher than 150°, which is much higher than the one that can be obtained with individual application of the two approaches. The combined approach presented in this work is suitable for bulk production of superhydrophobic surface, and is a mask‐less process, which makes it cost effective. The surface topography, wetting, and chemical properties of SU8 surfaces were characterized using the contact angle goniometry, atomic force microscopy, FTIR, Raman, and XPS spectra. The superhydrophobic SU8 surfaces were observed to be stable even after five months. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41934.
Optimizing the design of switch-mode power supplies with battery back-up and power factor correction (2002)

Regulatory standards such as IEC555-2 require switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) to have a high power factor. The addition of a power-factor-correction (PFC) pre-regulator to an SMPS may enable it to meet the regulatory requirement. But this is, in most cases, not an optimum design. Based on the example of a power supply system for telecommunication applications, a method to optimize the overall design is presented in this paper. In the new design the need for a separate SMPS (in addition to the PFC pre-regulator) is eliminated. Computer simulations are presented to show that the new design approach is possible and practical.
False rumors detection on Sina Weibo by propagation structures (2015)

This paper studies the problem of automatic detection of false rumors on Sina Weibo, the popular Chinese microblogging social network. Traditional feature-based approaches extract features from the false rumor message, its author, as well as the statistics of its responses to form a flat feature vector. This ignores the propagation structure of the messages and has not achieved very good results. We propose a graph-kernel based hybrid SVM classifier which captures the high-order propagation patterns in addition to semantic features such as topics and sentiments. The new model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.3% on randomly selected Weibo dataset, significantly higher than state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, our approach can be applied at the early stage of rumor propagation and is 88% confident in detecting an average false rumor just 24 hours after the initial broadcast.
Benign Methodology and Efficient Catalysis for the One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones and Thiones: A New Key for Old Lock (2014)

In the present communication, under the influence of microwaves, cuprous chloride has been demonstrated to be safe, mild, efficient, and inexpensive catalyst for the Biginelli discovered multicomponent reaction (MCR) between aromatic aldehydes, urea/substituted urea, and ethyl acetoacetate to produce structurally diverse dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) and thiones in an ecofriendly solvent-free protocol. The practical and simple protocol led to excellent yields of the dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under mild reaction conditions and within short span of reaction times with easy reaction workup by maintaining excellent atom economy.
Aggregation and crystallization of hemoglobins A, S, and C. Probable formation of different nuclei for gelation and crystallization. (1981)

The oxy and carbonmonoxy forms of Hb A and Hb S formed aggregates or gels when dissolved in phosphate buffers at concentrations above their solubility and warmed rapidly to 30 degrees C from 0 degrees C. Kinetic studies showed that although deoxy-Hb A and deoxy-Hb S aggregated with a clear exhibition of a delay time, the oxy and carbonmonoxy forms of Hb A and Hb S did not show a delay time. These results suggest that the deoxy forms of Hb A and Hb S aggregate according to the nucleation-controlled mechanism, while oxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobins aggregate by the simple linear aggregation mechanism. It was also found that the gels or aggregates of deoxy-Hb A and carbonmonoxy-Hb S could be converted to crystals by further incubation. The rate of crystallization depended upon the concentration of hemoglobin in the supernatant, with faster crystallization at higher concentrations. Similar experiments with deoxy-Hb C (beta 6 Glu leads to Lys) showed that this hemoglobin also crystallized after aggregation, with both reactions accompanied by a delay time. The activation energy for the crystallization reaction of deoxy-Hb C (100 approximately 150 kcal/mol) was much higher than that for the aggregation reaction (20 kcal/mol). These results suggest that deoxy-Hb A, deoxy-Hb S, and deoxy-Hb C form two types of nuclei that are specific to the formation of gels (or aggregates) or crystals. The concentration of hemoglobin measured after completion of crystallization was much lower than that measured after gelation (or aggregation) and was independent of the initial hemoglobin concentration. This concentration is assumed to be the real solubility of hemoglobin.
Multi-Armed Bandit Test Case Prioritization in Continuous Integration Environments (2020)

Continuous Integration (CI) practices lead the software to be integrated and tested many times a day, usually subject to a test budget. To deal with this scenario, cost-effective test case prioritization techniques are required. COLEMAN is a Multi-Armed Bandit approach that learns from the test case failure-history the best prioritization order to maximize early fault detection. Reported results show that COLEMAN has reached promising results with different test budgets and spends, in the worst case, less than one second to execute. However, COLEMAN has not been evaluated against a search-based approach. Such an approach can generate near-optimal solutions but is not suitable to the CI budget because it takes too long to execute. Considering this fact, this paper analyses the trade-offs of the COLEMAN solutions in comparison with the near-optimal solutions generated by a Genetic Algorithm (GA). We use measures, which better fit with time constraints: Normalized Average Percentage of Faults Detected (NAPFD), Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE), and Prioritization Time. We use seven large-scale real-world software systems, and three different test budgets, 10%, 50%, and 80% of the total time required to execute the test set available for a CI cycle. COLEMAN obtains solutions near to the GA solutions in 90% of the cases, but scenarios with high volatility of test cases and a small number of cycles hamper the prioritization.
Simulation Modeling Of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems For The Performance Analysis Of Residential Buildings (2013)

This paper presents the simulation modeling process of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems as part of a whole building simulation. A large number of GSHP systems have been used in both commercial and residential buildings as they provide high efficiency in the heating and cooling processes. However, there are some critical challenges in analyzing the performance of the GSHP systems in current technologies. This paper identifies the challenges/problems through a rigorous literature review in the context of whole building simulation. Several widely used computer simulation programs were reviewed and compared regarding their GSHP simulation capabilities. Finally, addressed are advantages and disadvantages, problems and barriers of GSHP's application technologies, and the challenges and issues that need to be solved in short and long term period to facilitate the performance analysis of GSHP systems in buildings.
Finding local community structure in networks (2005)

Although the inference of global community structure in networks has recently become a topic of great interest in the physics community, all such algorithms require that the graph be completely known. Here, we define both a measure of local community structure and an algorithm that infers the hierarchy of communities that enclose a given vertex by exploring the graph one vertex at a time. This algorithm runs in time O(k2d) for general graphs when d is the mean degree and k is the number of vertices to be explored. For graphs where exploring a new vertex is time consuming, the running time is linear, O(k). We show that on computer-generated graphs the average behavior of this technique approximates that of algorithms that require global knowledge. As an application, we use this algorithm to extract meaningful local clustering information in the large recommender network of an online retailer.
Molecular weight determination of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular weight determination of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coliJuan P. Ortega and Walter E. HillCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 17, 3241–3243Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00741a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00741a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Localization of Multiple Intruders in Shared Spectrum System (2020)

We address the problem of localizing multiple intruders (unauthorized transmitters) using a distributed set of sensors in the context of a shared spectrum system. In contrast to single transmitter localization, multiple transmitter localization (MTL) has not been thoroughly studied. In shared spectrum systems, it is important to be able to localize simultaneously present multiple intruders to effectively protect a shared spectrum from malware-based, jamming, or other multi-device unauthorized-usage attacks. The key challenge in solving the MTL problem comes from the need to "separate" an aggregated signal received from multiple intruders into separate signals from individual intruders. Furthermore, in a shared spectrum paradigm, presence of an evolving set of authorized users (e.g., primary and secondary users) adds to the challenge.In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for the MTL problem based on the hypothesis-based Bayesian approach called MAP. Direct application of the MAP approach to the MTL problem incurs prohibitive computational and training cost. In this work, we develop optimized techniques based on MAP with significantly improved computational and training costs. In particular, we develop a novel interpolation method, ILDW, which helps minimize the training cost. We generalize our techniques via online-learning to the setting wherein there may be a set of dynamically-changing authorized users present in the background. We evaluate our developed techniques on large-scale simulations as well as on small-scale indoor and outdoor testbeds. Our experiments demonstrate that our technique outperforms the prior approaches by significant margins, i.e., error up to 74% less in large-scale simulations and 30% less in real-world testbeds.
Situational Awareness Analysis Tools for Aiding Discovery of Security Events and Patterns (2005)

Abstract : The goal of the effort was to develop a comprehensive situational awareness analysis tool for discovery of intrusive behavior in information infrastructures and understanding anomalous network traffic. The University of Minnesota team has developed a comprehensive, multi-stage analysis framework which provides tools and analysis methodologies to aid cyber security analysts in improving the quality and productivity of their analyses. It consists of several components: various Level-I sensors and analysis modules for detecting suspicious or anomalous events and activities, the output of which are then fed into a multi-step Level-II analysis system - the core of the analysis framework - that correlate and fuse Level-I sensor data and alerts, extract likely attack contexts and produce sequences of attack events to build a plausible attack scenario.
D<sub>3</sub> Dopamine and Kappa Opioid Receptor Alterations in Human Brain of Cocaine‐overdose Victims (1999)

Cocaine is thought to be addictive because chronic use leads to molecular adaptations within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuitry, which affects motivated behavior and emotion. Although the reinforcing effects of cocaine are mediated primarily by blockade of DA uptake, reciprocal signaling between DA and endogenous opioids has important implications for understanding cocaine dependence. We have used in vitro autoradiography and ligand binding to map D3 DA and kappa opioid receptors in the human brains of cocaine-overdose victims. The number of D3 binding sites was increased one-to threefold over the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial sectors of the caudate and putamen from cocaine-overdose victims, as compared to age-matched and drug-free control subjects. D3 receptor/cyclophilin mRNA ratios in the nucleus accumbens were increased sixfold in cocaine-overdose victims over control values, suggesting that cocaine exposure also affects the expression of D3 receptor mRNA. The number of kappa opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens and other corticolimbic areas from cocaine fatalities was increased twofold as compared to control values. Cocaine-overdose victims exhibiting preterminal excited delirium had a selective upregulation of kappa receptors measured also in the amygdala. Understanding the complex regulatory profiles of DA and opioid synaptic markers that occur with chronic misuse of cocaine may suggest multitarget strategies for treating cocaine dependence.
Zero-g acoustic fire suppression system (2005)

The objective is to study the effects of acoustics on a flame in microgravity. This research is meant to provide a new approach to reducing and extinguishing a combustion reaction in space (where a conventional fire extinguisher is hazardous). The group proposes to test the following hypotheses: (1) as sound intensity increases, so does the magnitude of the effect on the flame; (2) there is one optimal frequency for maximizing the effects of sound waves on a flame; (3) homogeneous flames (found only in microgravity) can be affected in a single area separate from others; (4) a sustained pulse of sound, rather than a single, brief pulse, can be used to extinguish a flame. The group will describe the experimental apparatus in detail, which was flown aboard a NASA C-9B Aircraft through their Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program (RGSFOP), and present the findings and compare data obtained in a 1-g environment with data collected in a microgravity environment. [Thanks to the following organizations for their support: Kicker Audio, Georgia Space Grant Consortium, Siemens, FLIR Systems, PCB Piezotronics, UWG Honors College, and NASAs Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program.]
Preclinical Evaluation of l-Deprenyl: Lack of Amphetamine-Like Abuse Potential (1993)

l-Deprenyl is a useful and effective drug in the clinical treatment of parkinsonism and holds promise for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. However, a recurrent concern with its use has been that it is a phenyl-alkylamine derivative which undergoes metabolic transformation to active compounds with its major metabolites in vivo being l-meth-amphetamine and l-amphetamine [1–3]. As the clinical use of amphetamine-like psychostimulants is limited by their potential for abuse, the question arises as to whether l-deprenyl possesses amphetamine-like abuse liability. Also, the reinforcing effects of cocaine may be mediated by inhibition of dopamine reuptake [4]; l-deprenyl, in addition to its MAO-B actions, also inhibits dopamine reuptake [5, 6]. Therefore, evaluation of l-deprenyl for cocaine-like abuse liability also is a relevant topic of research.
Directional edge registration for temporal chest image subtraction (2002)

We used a directional filtering technique to accurately register the ribs on temporal chest radiographs. Rib registration was the primary technical objective. In order to accurately extract the ribs, we developed a directional edge function that used rotating kernels through a dynamic search technique to extract rib edges of varying contrast. A directionally-weighted operator with a phase-contrast feature is embedded in the kernel design, which allows us to separate the upper and lower bounds of structures in the vertical direction. Broken rib edges were reconnected using a reasoning algorithm by analyzing the rib position and curve. The lung and heart boundaries were extracted using an inverted umbrella filter. Control points were designated at turning points and distributed on smooth edge segments on the temporal images. A thin-plate spline technique took the control points and performed the final registration prior to the temporal image subtraction. We found that normal chest structures (i.e. ribs, heart and normal lung structures) were greatly reduced in the subtraction images. In addition, the contrast of cancer spots was significantly increased.
Structure, Function, Application, and Ecological Benefit of a Single-slope, Energy-efficient Solar Greenhouse in China (2010)

Single-slope, energy-efficient solar greenhouses in China use solar energy as the sole source of light and heat for winter crop production in the region between latitudes 32°N and 43°N. The use of solar greenhouses has greatly reduced energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Solar greenhouses are the best structure for growing winter horticultural crops in China, and have been adopted by countries such as Japan, Korea, and Russia. Increased proliferation of efficient solar greenhouses in China may contribute to solving worldwide problems such as the energy crisis and global climate change. This article summarizes the structure, function, application, and ecological benefits of energy-efficient, single-slope solar greenhouses in China, based on 20 years of systematic studies. We hope this technology can be applied to regions of similar climate to help reduce energy consumption and CO 2 emissions.
Effect of electric vehicle parking lots' charging demand as dispatchable loads on power systems loss (2016)

One of the major concerns of future power systems is to utilize EVs as effective flexible means of controlling load demand. In this paper, the main goal is to evaluate the effect of large-scale utilization of electric vehicles (EV) on the total system loss. In this context, first the EVs' charging demand will be obtained using two probabilistic parameters: 1) expected driven distance, 2) expected duration of charging. The result is EV demand for 24 hours period which are added to the demand at load points. Eventually we solve the optimal power flow problem in each hour. We consider parking lots as demand aggregators to find the total charging demand at each hours based on single EV's electricity consumption. Afterwards, we investigate the effect of parking lots characteristics (charging rate, capacity in terms of number of EVs, and location in the power network) on the network's hourly loss and daily energy loss. To this end, we define four scenarios to determine the effect of charging rate and distribution of EVs over the network on the system loss. We also evaluate the effect of EV parking lot's location on the system loss.
Recent advances in staring hybrid focal plane arrays: comparison of HgCdTe, InGaAs, and GaAs/AlGaAs detector technologies (1994)

A comparison of photovoltaic HgCdTe/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, HgCdTe/CdZnTe, InGaAs/InP and photoconductive GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector detector technologies has been conducted at Rockwell by exploiting the ability to selectively hybridize disparate mosaic detector arrays to an assortment of silicon multiplexers. Hybrid FPA characteristics are reported as functions of operating temperature from 32.5 K to room temperature and at photon backgrounds from approximately equals 10<SUP>6</SUP> to mid-10<SUP>16</SUP> photons/cm<SUP>2</SUP>-sec. The staring arrays range in size from about sixteen thousand to over a million pixels. Background-limited detectivities significantly exceeding 10<SUP>14</SUP> cm-(root)Hz/W were achieved.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Chemical Degradation of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Wastes with Dimethyl H-phosphonate with Different Catalysts (2010)

Flexible polyurethane foams (PU) based on toluene diisocyanate and polyether polyol have been degraded by dimethyl H-phosphonate (DMP) in the presence of catalysts such as potassium tert-butoxide, potassium and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The structure and molecular weight of the degraded products were monitored by 31P-NMR and GPC. The degradation process was controlled by the polydispersity (PD) of the reaction product. Potassium tert-butoxide enhances interchange reactions compared to the non catalyzed process. The product of degradation contains mainly the original polyol capped with a phosphonate group and a phosphorous dimmer of the original polyol.
The cold-shock response in mammalian cells: investigating the HeLa cell cold-shock proteome (2007)

In recent years there have been a number of reports that suggest the sub-physiological (<37 degrees C) temperature in vitro culturing of mammalian cells can result in enhanced heterologous protein production. Despite these reports, the mechanisms by which mammalian cells respond to such conditions are largely unknown. We therefore set out to use a model in vitro culture HeLa cell system to begin investigating the cold-shock response in mammalian cell systems. Sub-physiological temperature cultivation resulted in reduced growth and proliferation and a lower total cell protein content. Proteomic analysis confirmed that HeLa cells actively respond to sub-physiological temperature by up-regulating a number of proteins and immunoblot analysis confirmed that specific proteins are indeed up-regulated in a time and temperature dependent manner. Additional work is likely to improve our understanding of the cold-shock response in mammalian cells and identify candidate target proteins for cell engineering to further enhance heterologous protein production at sub-physiological temperatures.