gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy for different strategies of image-guided breast intervention in cases of nonpalpable breast lesions (2004)

To find out whether ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and ultrasound and stereotactic-guided large core needle biopsy (LCNB) are reliable alternatives to needle-localised open breast biopsy (NLBB) in daily practice, we performed a retrospective study and evaluated the validity of these methods. In all, 718 women with 749 nonpalpable breast lesions from three Dutch Hospitals were included, and the validity of the various methods for diagnosis was assessed. This was carried out according to a method described by Burbank and Parker for evaluating the quality of an image-guided breast intervention. We compared our results with the outcome of the COBRA study. Overall, all diagnostic strategies (NLBB, FNA, LCNB ultrasound and stereotactic guided) show comparable agreement rates. However, the miss rates differ: 2% for NLBB, 3% for COBRA (LCNB in study setting), 5% for FNA and 8-12% for LCNB in practice. Fine-needle aspiration was nonconclusive in 29%, and shows an overestimation for DCIS in 9%. The DCIS underestimate rate in NLBB was 8%. For the assessment of lesions consisting of microcalcifications only and to exclude malignancy in all other lesions, a 14-gauge needle should be used. Ultrasound-guided intervention can be performed in a large percentage of nonpalpable lesions. Lesions consisting only of microcalcifications on mammography need special attention.
Dynamical heat transport amplification in a far-field thermal transistor of VO2 excited with a laser of modulated intensity (2016)

Far-field radiative heat transport in a thermal transistor made up of a vanadium dioxide base excited with a laser of modulated intensity is analytically studied and optimized. This is done by solving the equation of energy conservation for the steady-state and modulated components of the temperature and heat fluxes that the base exchanges with the collector and emitter. The thermal bistability of VO2 is used to find an explicit condition on the laser intensity required to maximize these heat fluxes to values higher than the incident flux. For a 1 μm-thick base heated with a modulation frequency of 0.5 Hz, it is shown that both the DC and AC components of the heat fluxes are about 4 times the laser intensity, while the AC temperature remains an order of magnitude smaller than the DC one at around 343 K. Higher AC heat fluxes are obtained for thinner bases and/or lower frequencies. Furthermore, we find that out of the bistability temperatures associated with the dielectric-to-metal and metal-to-dielectric transitions of VO2, the amplification of the collector-to-base and base-to-emitter heat fluxes is still possible, but at modulation frequencies lower than 0.1 Hz.
Mixing dynamics in the SMX static mixer as a function of injection location and flow ratio (2003)

Abstract A detailed Lagrangian analysis of partially mixed structures in an SMX static mixer is presented, with emphasis on laminar flows with Reynolds numbers between 1 and 100. The distribution of a small amount of equal‐viscosity additive is examined based on computing the trajectories of passive tracer particles through the mixer. Three radial positions (one centerline and two off‐center) are chosen for injection and the mixing patterns are compared in order to investigate the effect of injection location on mixing. Mixing measures, such as the decrease in the variation coefficient with axial distance, and the increase in the average rate of stretching, are discussed in order to quantify mixing performance. It is found that mixing rates for the centerline injections are larger than for the off‐center injection positions investigated. The presence of self‐similarity in the stretching field and the mixing patterns, and the exponential decrease in variation coefficient with increasing axial distance provides evidence for chaotic mixing behavior in this device.
Prognostic value of captopril renal scintigraphy in renovascular hypertension. (1992)

This study evaluates the prognostic value of captopril renal scintigraphy in hypertensive patients undergoing renal artery revascularization. Preoperative studies of 51 patients were correlated with blood pressure results at 6- and 12-mo follow-up. Captopril-renal scintigraphy was carried out 1 hr after oral administration of 50 mg of captopril, using either 220 MBq of 99mTc-DTPA or 74 MBq of 99mTc-MAG3, followed by a baseline study in case of abnormal results. Evidence of amelioration or normalization in relation to captopril study was considered predictive of blood pressure control following treatment. Blood pressure response was favorable in 37 patients, but failed to show any improvement in 14. The scintigraphic test was positive in 33 patients (15 cured, 17 improved, 1 failed) and negative in 18 (3 cured, 2 improved, 13 failed). Sensitivity and specificity for renovascular hypertension was 86.5% and 93%, respectively. For blood pressure cure and improvement, the test had positive and negative predictive values of 97% and 72%, respectively. A positive preoperative captopril renal scintigraphic result is a strong predictor of hypertension curability by renal artery revascularization.
Alpha(v)beta(3) integrin engagement enhances cell invasiveness in human multiple myeloma. (2002)

This ability of myeloma plasma cells to interact with VN and FN via avb3 integrin engagement suggests a novel mechanism for their invasion and spreading, since this interaction allows them to adhere to the substratum and enhances their proliferation and protease secretion.
Biosynthesis of Monoterpenes (1989)

The conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (+)-alpha-pinene and to (-)-beta-pinene is considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3R)- and to (+)-(3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate, respectively, and the subsequent cyclization of the anti, endo-conformer of these bound intermediates by mirror-image sequences which should result in the net retention of configuration at C1 of the geranyl precursor. Incubation of (1R)-[2-14C,1-3H]- and (1S)-[2-14C,1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate with (+)-pinene cyclase and with (-)-pinene cyclase from common sage (Salvia officinalis) gave labeled (+)-alpha- and (-)-beta-pinene of unchanged 3H/14C ratio in all cases, and the (+)- and (-)-olefins were stereoselectively converted to (+)- and (-)-borneol, respectively, which were oxidized to the corresponding (+)- and (-)-isomers of camphor, again without change in isotope ratio. The location of the tritium was determined in each case by stereoselective, base-catalyzed exchange of the exo-alpha-hydrogens of these derived ketones. The results indicated that the configuration at C1 of the substrate was retained in the enzymatic transformations to the (+)- and (-)-pinenes, which is entirely consistent with the syn-isomerization of geranyl pyrophosphate to linalyl pyrophosphate, transoid to cisoid rotation, and anti, endo-cyclization of the latter. The absolute stereochemical elements of the antipodal reaction sequences were confirmed by the selective enzymatic conversions of (3R)- and (3S)-1Z-[1-3H]linalyl pyrophosphate to (+)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene, respectively, and by the location of the tritium in the derived camphors as before. The summation of the results fully defines the overall stereochemistry of the coupled isomerization and cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to the antipodal pinenes.
Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review (2020)

The rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), represents an unprecedented serious challenge to the global public health community. The extremely rapid international spread of the disease with significant morbidity and mortality made finding possible therapeutic interventions a global priority. While approved specific antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking, a large number of existing drugs are being explored as a possible treatment for COVID-19 infected patients. Recent publications have re-examined the use of Chloroquine (CQ) and/or Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a potential therapeutic option for these patients. In an attempt to explore the evidence that supports their use in COVID-19 patients, we comprehensively reviewed the previous studies which used CQ or HCQ as an antiviral treatment. Both CQ and HCQ demonstrated promising in vitro results, however, such data have not yet been translated into meaningful in vivo studies. While few clinical trials have suggested some beneficial effects of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 patients, most of the reported data are still preliminary. Given the current uncertainty, it is worth being mindful of the potential risks and strictly rationalise the use of these drugs in COVID-19 patients until further high quality randomized clinical trials are available to clarify their role in the treatment or prevention of COVID-19.
Design and Realization of the 3D Digital Campus Based on Sketchup and ArcGIS (2014)

In this paper, taking Yunnan Normal University for example, using ArcGIS and SketchUp as the software platform, 3D digital campus of Yunnan Normal University was established by a series of steps. The series of steps included in 3D digital campus building spatial database, construction of 3D model and 3D scene. And the 3D digital campus technologies were discussed in the paper.
Development of the Application of Improved-GA in Mechanical Design Optimization (2008)

As an optimization-technique,GA(Genetic Algorithm) is much more effective than any other traditional algorithms.Improved-GAs Combining the traditional GA with other algorithms were used in different fields widely and effectively.In this paper,the advantages of GA in the optimization of mechanical design and the research tendency of the improved-GAs were discussed.And then the developments of mechanical design optimization-techniques and the improvement of compute precision were also discussed,based on the typical examples of mechanical design optimization applied by improved-GAs.
Patterns of histone acetylation (1990)

The N-terminal domains of all four core histones are subject to reversible acetylation at certain lysine residues. This modification has been functionally linked to transcription, histone deposition at replication and to histone removal during spermatogenesis. To increase understanding of the significance of this modification we have studied the specificity of site utilisation in the monoacetyl, diacetyl and triacetyl forms of histones H3, H4 and H2B (histone H2A has only a single modification site), using pig thymus and HeLa cells as the source of histones. The HeLa histones were extracted from cells grown both with and without butyrate treatment. It is found that for histone H3 there is a fairly strict order of site occupancy: Lys14, followed by Lys23, followed by Lys18 in both pig and HeLa histones. Since the order and specificity is the same when butyrate is added to the HeLa cell cultures, we conclude that addition of the fatty acid does not scramble the specificity of site utilisation, but merely allows more of the natural forms of modified histone to accumulate. For histone H4, the monoacetyl form is exclusively modified at Lys16, but further addition of acetyl groups is less specific and progresses through sites 12, 8 and 5 in an N-terminal direction. Similar results were obtained for H4 from both pig thymus and butyrate-treated HeLa cells. Histone H2B could be studied in detail only from butyrate-treated HeLa cells and a much lower level of site specificity was found: sites 12 and 15 were preferred to the more N- and C-terminal sites at Lys5 and Lys20. The data reinforces the view that lysine acetylation in core histones is a very specific phenomenon that plays several functionally distinct roles. The high degree of site specificity makes it unlikely that the structural effects of acetylation are mediated merely by a generalised reduction of charge in the histone N-terminal domains.
Web Page Classification based on Document Structure (2001)

The web is a huge repository of information and there is a need for categorizing web documents to facilitate the search and retrieval of pages. Existing algorithms rely solely on the text content of the web pages for classification. However, the web has a lot of information contained in structure, images, video etc present in the document. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic classification of web pages into a few broad categories based on the structure of the web document and the characteristics of images present in it.
Processing of the manual morse signal using optimal linear filtering, smoothing and decoding (1975)

This thesis investigates the problem of automatic transcription of the Morse signal, and describes and documents several approaches to filtering, processing and decoding it for transcription. The baseband signal is first modeled as a modified random telegraph wave. A discrete Kalman filter and a linear smoother are then used to process the demodulated signal in order to gain a measure of the effectiveness and applicability of this model. It is shown experimentally that this model and processing yield a significant reduction in the transcription error rate. Next a Viterbi decoder algorithm based on a simple Markov model of the code is incorporated in a more general model for pre-detection Kalman filtering. It is shown that this filter permits acceptable recovery of Morse signals whose average signal-to-noise ration is as low as -14 dB in a 3 kHz bandwidth.
A new high H<sub>c</sub>gamma ferric oxide exhibiting coercive force as high as 450-470 Oe (1973)

The basic properties of a new high H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> gamma ferric oxide (γ-HY) exhibiting coercive force as high as 450 ∼ 470 Oe were compared with those of conventional gamma ferric oxide (γ-LOP). The average axial ratio was 9 : 1 and the average number of pores was 0.2 per one particle for γ-HY. The pigment volume concentration was 15% increased and the gloss of tape surface 25% improved for γ-HY in the same tape formulation. The squareness ratio was 8% larger and the switching field distribution 25% narrower for γ-HY. The improved dispersibility and orientability were directly observed from the scanning electron micrograph for γ-HY tape.
Frequency-domain analysis of A/D converter nonlinearity (2002)

A novel two-dimensional z-transform approach to the analysis of analog/digital (A/D) converter nonlinearity is presented. It was primarily developed to study the stability behavior of an adaptive self-trimming technique for flash and multi-stage A/D converters, but has more general applicability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cherenkov radiation in coupled long Josephson junctions (1998)

Evidence for Cherenkov radiation of a Josephson vortex is observed in the system of two magnetically coupled long Josephson junctions. This radiation leads to resonances which appear above the lowest characteristic velocity ${c}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ of the linear electromagnetic waves. Resonances result from interaction of a Cherenkov wave with a moving Josephson vortex and, in annular junctions, occur when the vortex makes one turn around the junction. Experimental data are in good agreement with the proposed model and simulations which provide a clear physical picture of the observed effect.
Cucurbit[8]uril‐Based Polymers and Polymer Materials (2018)

Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) is unique and notable in the cucurbit[n]uril family, since it has a relatively large cavity and thus is able to simultaneously accommodate two guest molecules. Typically, an electron-deficient first guest and an electron-rich second guest can be bound by CB[8] to form a stable 1:1:1 heteroternary supramolecular complex. Additionally, two homo guests can also be strongly dimerized inside the cavity of CB[8] to form a 2:1 homoternary supramolecular complex. During the past decade, by combining polymer science and CB[8] host-guest chemistry, a variety of systems have been established to construct supramolecular polymers with polymer chains typically at the nanoscale/sub-microscale, and CB[8]-based micro/nanostructured polymer materials in the form of polymer networks and hydrogels, microcapsules, micelles, vesicles, and colloidal particles, normally in solution and occasionally on surfaces. This Review summarizes the noncovalent interactions and strategies used for the preparation of CB[8]-based polymers and polymer materials with a focus on the representative and latest developments, followed by a brief discussion of their characterization, properties, and applications.
Immune responses against fibronectin modified by lipoprotein oxidation and their association with cardiovascular disease (2009)

These observations demonstrate that oxidation of LDL in the arterial wall may lead to aldehyde-modification of surrounding extracellular matrix proteins and that these modifications may affect macrophage function and activate autoimmune responses of pathophysiological importance for the development of atherosclerosis.
Hyperbranched Polytriazoles: Click Polymerization, Regioisomeric Structure, Light Emission, and Fluorescent Patterning (2008)

Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(1,2,3-triazole)s (hb-PTAs) has been a challenge: the AB2 monomers were inclined to self-oligomerize, and their Cu(I)-catalyzed click polymerizations failed to yield soluble polymers. We tackled the challenge in this work and succeeded in generating hb-PTAs with regioregularity, processability, and functionality. We took an A2 + B3 approach and used diazides 2 and triyne 3 as monomers, which are free of self-oligomerization concerns. Thermal polymerizations of 2 and 3 produced regiorandom polymers (hb-r-P1) with high molecular weights in high yields. Metal-mediated regioselective polymerizations afforded soluble 1,4- and 1,5-linked polymers (hb-1,4-P1 and hb-1,5-P1), presenting the first examples of regioregular hb-PTAs with macroscopic processability. The reactions were affected by substrate and catalyst: electron-rich alkyne generally slowed down the cycloaddition reaction, while ruthenium catalysts (Cp*Ru(PPh3)2Cl and [Cp*RuCl2]n) exhibited higher substrate tolerance than copper catalyst [Cu(PPh3)3Br]. Regiostructures and regioregularities of the hb-PTAs were determined spectroscopically. Degrees of branching of hb-r-P1 were calculated to be ∼90%. Conformations of the hb-PTAs were affected by the steric effects between their aromatic units, which in turn affected their solubility, conjugation, luminescence, and aggregation. While the polymer solutions all emitted deep blue light, the films of hb-1,4-P1, hb-1,5-P1 and hb-r-P1 emitted blue, yellow, and white light, respectively, due to the difference in the aggregation of their chromophoric units in the solid state. Fluorescent photoresist patterns with various emission colors were readily generated from photo-cross-linking of the polymers through a nitrene-mediated photolysis mechanism.
Role of acid sphingomyelinase bioactivity in human CD4+ T-cell activation and immune responses (2015)

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lipid hydrolase enzyme, has the potential to modulate various cellular activation responses via the generation of ceramide and by interaction with cellular receptors. We have hypothesized that ASM modulates CD4(+) T-cell receptor activation and impacts immune responses. We first observed interactions of ASM with the intracellular domains of both CD3 and CD28. ASM further mediates T-cell proliferation after anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation and alters CD4(+) T-cell activation signals by generating ceramide. We noted that various pharmacological inhibitors of ASM or knockdown of ASM using small hairpin RNA inhibit CD3/CD28-mediated CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and activation. Furthermore, such blockade of ASM bioactivity by biochemical inhibitors and/or molecular-targeted knockdown of ASM broadly abrogate T-helper cell responses. In conclusion, we detail immune, pivotal roles of ASM in adaptive immune T-cell responses, and propose that these pathways might provide novel targets for the therapy of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
An analysis of BGP convergence properties (1999)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter-domain routing protocol used to exchange reachability information between Autonomous Systems in the global Internet. BGP is a path-vector protocol that allows each Autonomous System to override distance-based metrics with policy-based metrics when choosing best routes. Varadhan et al. [18] have shown that it is possible for a group of Autonomous Systems to independently define BGP policies that together lead to BGP protocol oscillations that never converge on a stable routing. One approach to addressing this problem is based on static analysis of routing policies to determine if they are safe. We explore the worst-case complexity for convergence-oriented static analysis of BGP routing policies. We present an abstract model of BGP and use it to define several global sanity conditions on routing policies that are related to BGP convergence/divergence. For each condition we show that the complexity of statically checking it is either NP-complete or NP-hard.
Studies in the Total Synthesis of Heliquinomycinone: Proof of Concept and Assembly of a Fully Mature Spirocyclization Precursor (2001)

A strategy for the synthesis of heliquinomycin, a selective helicase inhibitor, hinges on the spirocyclization of precursor 3. Naphthofuran 1 and aldehyde 2 were readily prepared and used in the synthesis of 3. The key steps in the total synthesis of heliquinomycinone (4) include the regioselective dihydroxylation of 3, and a novel spirocyclization under Mitsunobu conditions.
ComPIL 2.0: An Updated Comprehensive Metaproteomics Database (2018)

We designed a metaproteomic analysis method (ComPIL) to accommodate the ever-increasing number of sequences against which experimental shotgun proteomics spectra could be accurately and rapidly queried. Our objective was to create these large databases for the analysis of complex metasamples with unknown composition, including those derived from human, animal, and environmental microbiomes. The amount of high-throughput sequencing data has substantially increased since our original database was assembled in 2014. Here, we present a rebuild of the ComPIL libraries comprised of updated publicly disseminated sequence data as well as a modified version of the search engine ProLuCID-ComPIL optimized for querying experimental spectra. ComPIL 2.0 consists of 113 million protein records and roughly 4.8 billion unique tryptic peptide sequences and is 2.3 times the size of our original version. We searched a data set collected on a healthy human gut microbiome proteomic sample and compared the results to demonstrate that ComPIL 2.0 showed a substantial increase in the number of unique identified peptides and proteins compared to the first ComPIL version. The high confidence of protein identification and accuracy demonstrated by the use of ComPIL 2.0 may encourage the method's application for large-scale proteomic annotation of complex protein systems.
CANADA, Commission de la capitale nationale, Région de la capitale nationale, Bibliographie de l’histoire et du patrimoine/National Capital Region. History and Heritage Bibliography. Ottawa, 1976. xv-310 p. (1977)

CANADA, Commission de la capitale nationale, Région de la capitale nationale, Bibliographie de l’histoire et du patrimoine/National Capital Region. History and Heritage Bibliography. Ottawa, 1976. xv-310 p.. An article from journal Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française (Volume 31, Number 2, septembre 1977, pp. 165-315), on Érudit.