gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Intermolecular Potentials of Helium and Hydrogen (1954)

The parameters for helium and hydrogen of the ``exp-six'' potential, [open phi](r)=ε1−6/α[6αeα(1−r/rm)−(rmr)6],have been calculated by use of experimental values of the second virial coefficients and viscosity coefficients. Because of the uncertainty of the quantum corrections, no low temperature data were used in determining the parameters. The exp-six potential is able to reproduce both the second virial and the viscosity coefficients within experimental error, and is thus an improvement over the simpler Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential. In addition, other transport properties are accurately predicted. A combination rule is suggested for calculation of the exp-six potential between two unlike molecules from the potentials between two pairs of like molecules, and is used to calculate a number of properties of helium-hydrogen mixtures with satisfactory results.
A Review of Imaging Agent Development (2009)

This educational review highlights the processes, opportunities, and challenges encountered in the discovery and development of imaging agents, mainly positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography tracers. While the development of imaging agents parallels the drug development process, unique criteria are needed to identify opportunities for new agents. Imaging agent development has the flexibility to pursue functional or nonfunctional targets as long as they play a role in the specific disease or mechanism of interest and meet imageability requirements. However, their innovation is tempered by relatively small markets for diagnostic imaging agents, intellectual property challenges, radiolabeling constraints, and adequate target concentrations for imaging. At the same time, preclinical imaging is becoming a key translational tool for proof of mechanism and concept studies. Pharmaceutical and imaging industries face a common bottleneck in the form of the limited number of trials one company can possibly perform. However, microdosing and theranostics are evidence that partnerships between pharmaceutical and imaging companies can accelerate clinical translation of tracers and therapeutic interventions. This manuscript will comment on these aspects to provide an educational review of the discovery and development processes for imaging agents.
Vegetative Propagation Trial of <i>Prosopis africana</i> (Guill. et Perr.) Taub. by Air Layering under Sudano-Sahelian Climate in the South-Central Niger (2015)

Prosopis africana is a species of great socioeconomic importance but threatened with extinction in Niger because of overuse and regeneration problem. This study, conducted in the Maradi (Niger) area, precisely at El Gueza in the south of Gazaoua department, aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of P. africana by air layering under the Sudano-Sahelian climate of the south-central Niger. A ring of bark was taken on each selected branch and the wound was covered with a black plastic filled with a damp mixture of soil and wood debris. The chosen parameters are the diameter class and the position on the branch. In all, 60 branches were treated and followed for 130 days: 28.33% produced shoots and there was no significant difference between the diameter classes and between the positions. These results show that propagating trees of the species by air layering is possible and this technique can be used to multiply and keep this species, which will reduce the regeneration problem linked to a low seed germination rate.
Energetic asymmetry among hydrogen bonds in MHC class II⋅peptide complexes (2001)

Comparison of crystallized MHC class II*peptide complexes has revealed that, in addition to pocket interactions involving the peptide side chains, peptide binding to MHC class II molecules is characterized by a series of hydrogen bonds between genetically conserved amino acid residues in the class II molecule and the main chain of the peptide. Many class II*peptide structures have two sets of symmetrical hydrogen bonds at the opposite ends of the class II antigen-binding groove (beta-His-81, beta-Asn-82 vs. alpha-His-68, alpha-Asn-69). In this study, we alter these peripheral hydrogen bonds and measure the apparent contribution of each to the kinetic stability of peptide* II complexes. Single conservative amino substitutions were made in the I-A(d) protein to eliminate participation as a hydrogen bonding residue, and the kinetic stability of a diverse set of peptides bound to the substituted I-A(d) proteins was measured. Although each hydrogen bond does contribute to peptide binding, our results point to the striking conclusion that those hydrogen bonds localized to the amino terminus of the peptide contribute profoundly and disproportionately to the stability of peptide interactions with I-A(d). We suggest that the peripheral hydrogen bonds at the amino terminus of the bound peptide that are conserved in all class II*peptide crystal structures solved thus far form a cooperative network that critically regulates peptide dissociation from the class II molecule.
Factors Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcomes in the Elderly in Taiwan (2009)

Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save countless lives, but its use is rather controversial in elderly patients. Some researchers believe that there is an inverse ratio between the success of CPR and the age of the patient, while others believe that the uniqueness of each case and existing comorbidities are more important factors. CPR can result in severe injury for patients. Therefore, physicians often face a dilemma between rational and moral decisions when dealing with older patients suffering from cardiac arrest. The solution to this problem rests on the determination of whether CPR will benefit the patient. This analysis, supported by a literature review and a review of the outcomes of CPR, considered different factors in elderly patients, including age, sex, prehospital emergency medical service, preexisting disease, witnessed cardiac arrest, initial arrest electrocardiogram rhythm, CPR locations, and ethics. Quality of life and the cost of medical care for the elderly affect the benefit analysis of CPR. Indeed, a large amount of money is spent on elderly CPR patients who remain in critical condition before finally dying in the hospital. Factors contributing to decisions to resuscitate also include post-resuscitation quality of life, and the will of patients, families and doctors. In short, patient age is not a barrier to performing CPR. However, to achieve the best outcome of CPR, one must consider the disease diagnosis of elderly patients as a useful reference to help improve medical care for this group.
Modeling the impact of treatment uncertainties in radiotherapy (2002)

The aim of this thesis is to model the impact (dosimetric and radiobiological) of prostate radiotherapy treatment uncertainties and techniques for displaying potential dose errors. A Monte Carlo code is written to simulate both the treatment planning and delivery phases. Distributions of systematic organ motion, systematic positioning error, random organ motion, random positioning error, and interpatient cell sensitivity are taken from the literature. These distributions are used to sample the position and size of the prostate and rectum at each fraction of treatment. Dose to organ voxels are assigned from precalculated dose distributions (four‐field box using 6 MV photons with margins around the clinical target volume of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm). In particular, the poor estimation of prostate mean position from one planning CT series is investigated and shown to introduce large dose uncertainty. A convolution kernel is suggested that considers multiple pre‐treatment CT scans to better estimate mean prostate position. The radiobiological impact of the treatment uncertainties is evaluated in terms of tumor control probability for prostate, normal tissue complication probability for rectal bleeding and uncomplicated tumor control probability using established models. Local prostate control is highly sensitive to treatment uncertainties with inadequate margin size and to interpatient radiosensitivity. Rectal bleeding is more sensitive to margin size than to deformation. A number of ways to display the dosimetric uncertainty are presented. The display tools proposed allow the planner to consider potential variations in dose visually and may assist with margin size considerations.
MyD88 Expression by CNS-Resident Cells is Pivotal for Eliciting Protective Immunity in Brain Abscesses (2009)

MyD88 KO (knockout) mice are exquisitely sensitive to CNS (central nervous system) infection with Staphylococcus aureus, a common aetiological agent of brain abscess, exhibiting global defects in innate immunity and exacerbated tissue damage. However, since brain abscesses are typified by the involvement of both activated CNS-resident and infiltrating immune cells, in our previous studies it has been impossible to determine the relative contribution of MyD88-dependent signalling in the CNS compared with the peripheral immune cell compartments. In the present study we addressed this by examining the course of S. aureus infection in MyD88 bone marrow chimaera mice. Interestingly, chimaeras where MyD88 was present in the CNS, but not bone marrow-derived cells, mounted pro-inflammatory mediator expression profiles and neutrophil recruitment equivalent to or exceeding that detected in WT (wild-type) mice. These results implicate CNS MyD88 as essential in eliciting the initial wave of inflammation during the acute response to parenchymal infection. Microarray analysis of infected MyD88 KO compared with WT mice revealed a preponderance of differentially regulated genes involved in apoptotic pathways, suggesting that the extensive tissue damage characteristic of brain abscesses from MyD88 KO mice could result from dysregulated apoptosis. Collectively, the findings of the present study highlight a novel mechanism for CNS-resident cells in initiating a protective innate immune response in the infected brain and, in the absence of MyD88 in this compartment, immunity is compromised.
[Establishment and drug susceptibility test of isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis]. (2011)

With the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis, it is very urgent to find novel anti-tuberculosis drugs, especially novel anti-drug-resistant tuberculosis drugs. Because of the slow growth and the need to work in a biosafty environment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the development of evaluation of drug effect is severely impeded. In order to solve these issues, non-pathogenic fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis is introduced as test organism. The inhA is one of a target of isoniazid (INH) overexpression or mutation of this gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis conferring resistant to INH. A recombinant plasmid bearing inhA was constructed and electroporated into Mycobacterium smegmatis, using shuttle expression vector pMV261. Transformants were induced to express a protein of inhA, identified by SDS-PAGE. Results show that Mycobacterium smegmatis containing inhA plasmids exhibited 100-fold or greater increased resistance to INH, but it conferred no increased resistance to others first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Resazurin microtiter assay plate testing of Mycobacterium smegmatis susceptibility to drugs is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method and could decrease color background of drugs by detecting fluorescence. It will be benefit for high-throughout screening of drugs of anti-isoniazid-resistant Mycobacteria.
Distributed control of a broadband local access switch (2003)

It is noted that broadband services accelerate the need for central office software control architectures allowing flexible allocation of computing resources, since they increase the volume, complexity, and fluctuation of the workload. A description is given of a prototype broadband integrated services digital network which uses a scalable, distributed control architecture, which enhances reliability, to meet this goal. In contrast with other architectures in which processors are tightly coupled to subscriber lines, the prototype control architecture decomposes call processing into functions that are distributed among several processors with minimized common functions and coupling between subscribers and processors. Scalability in terms of lines and traffic volume is achieved. Two versions of the architecture, one using general-purpose computers and the other a single board computer system, are operational. Extensions of the architecture for unified network control offer the additional benefit of simplifying new service deployment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grafting Protein Ligand Monolayers onto the Surface of Microparticles for Probing the Accessibility of Cell Surface Receptors (1999)

Coupling of a specific ligand to vaccines or drugs can be a powerful aid to route these compounds to a certain target cell population. However, if the targeted receptor is buried in a glycocalyx, binding of the ligand may be sterically hindered or even abolished, especially when the ligand is attached to bulky payloads. The antigen-transporting M cells that cover the gut-associated lymphoid tissue have a less pronounced glycocalyx than neighboring enterocytes. Such architectural differences might provide a possibility for targeting micro- or nanoparticulate vaccines to the mucosal immune system. To investigate the influence of the glycocalyx on the accessibility of cell surface receptors, we developed a system where a monolayer of ligand molecules is coupled in spatially aligned manner onto the surface of microparticles. On the basis of fluorescent carboxylate-modified particles of 1 micron diameter, different synthetic strategies were tested. Particles were first modified to display aldehyde functions on their surface, then protein ligands were coupled via Schiff base formation. The performance of the particles was tested on cultured mouse fibroblasts using the B subunit of cholera toxin as ligand and the plasma membrane glycolipid ganglioside G(M1) as receptor. Cholera toxin B subunit-coated microparticles generated by one of our synthetic pathways exhibited specific binding to fibroblasts which could be blocked with soluble cholera toxin B subunit. As particles as small as 50 nm and any proteinaceous ligand may be used, this system provides a versatile means for monitoring receptor accessibilities in vitro and in vivo.
Isolation and study of the functional properties of pea proteins (2001)

Proteins of pea seeds were isolated after defatting with hexane using alkaline (0.1 M sodium hydroxide) extraction and acid (HCl) precipitation. Concentrates were also prepared by hexane extraction and ethanolic extraction (pH = 5). Gross chemical composition amino acid content and functional properties (solubility profile, emulsifying--and foaming properties, water--and oil absorption) were studied. The results were compared with the same parameters of soy and lupin protein products. Although the majority of functional characteristics of isolates were lower in comparison to soy isolates, pea protein concentrate and isolate could be successfully used in bakery products for enrichment in protein and improvement of biological value. Their utilization as meat protein substitute in some Frankfurter type sausages is also possibly.
Isochino[3,2‐a]phthalazin‐5,8‐dione (1982)

Abstract Desoxybenzoin‐2,2′‐dicarbonsäure (1) reagiert mit den Hydrazinen 4a‐d zu den Phthalazinonen 8a‐d . Erhitzen von 8a in Acetanhydrid führt zum Isochino[3,2‐a]phthalazinon 9a , das auch aus 2 und 4a über das O,N‐Acetal 13 dargestellt werden kann. Aus 1 und 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazin (4e) entsteht die Spiro‐Verbindung 14 .
[Comparative studies on the immunoactive action of galactoside-specific mistletoe lectin. Pure substance compared to the standardized extract]. (1993)

Comparative Studies on the Immunoactive Potency of Galactoside-specific Lectin from Mistletoe/Pure substance against standardized extract. Cellular and humoral aspects of the immunomodulating activity of the galactoside-specific lectin from mistletoe (ML-1) were investigated in cancer patients suffering from mammary carcinoma and compared to the immunoactive potency of a proprietary mistletoe extract standardized for ML-1 (ML-1 stand., Eurixor). Regular subcutaneous injections of the optimal dose of ML-1 and ML-1 stand. (1 ng/kg body weight; twice a week; for 4 weeks) yielded statistically significant increases of certain lymphocyte subsets (helper T-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK)-cells) which are generally believed to be involved in antitumor activity. Moreover, administration of either ML-1 preparation resulted in enhanced expression of interleukin (Il)-2 receptors on lymphatic cells and significantly increased serum levels of defined acute phase reactants (c-reactive protein, haptoglobin, C3 complement) as indicator of cellular and humoral activity. In vitro, exposition of human lymphocytes to ML-1 and ML-1 stand. resulted in enhanced expression of Il-2 receptors, which substantiated the capacity of both ML-1 preparations to affect immunological parameters within the host defense system. The effects of ML-1 and ML-1 stand. were comparable.
UV‐Triggered Dopamine Polymerization: Control of Polymerization, Surface Coating, and Photopatterning (2014)

UV irradiation is demonstrated to initiate dopamine polymerization and deposition on different surfaces under both acidic and basic pH. The observed acceleration of the dopamine polymerization is explained by the UV-induced formation of reactive oxygen species that trigger dopamine polymerization. The UV-induced dopamine polymerization leads to a better control over polydopamine deposition and formation of functional polydopamine micropatterns.
Control of continuous-time systems with discrete jumps (1999)

Abstract In this paper, the design of output feedback controllers for linear systems under sampled measurements is investigated. The performance we use is the worst-case gain from disturbances to the controlled output, which comprises both a continuous-time and a discretetime signal to be controlled. Control problems in both the finite and infinite horizonare addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a suitable sampled-data output feedback controller are given in terms of two Riccati differential equations with finite discrete jumps. A numerical example is given to show the potential of the proposed technique.
Locating Software Faults Based on Control Flow and Data Dependence (2014)

Debugging software is a difficult and time-consuming work. Fault localization techniques are becoming extremely important. Coverage Based Fault Localization (CBFL) is very commonly used in fault location technique. Tarantula is a typical one. It uses the coverage statistics of failed execution paths and passed execution paths to calculate the suspiciousness in the software. However, since this technique ignores the data dependency, it is hard to find the bugs which are not in the suspicious code area but have data dependence with it.  In order to improve the efficiency of fault locating, we combine control flow coverage information and data dependence from program slicing. We validate our approach experimentally using Siemens benchmark programs. The experimental results show that our approach is more effective than Tarantula.
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Is Essential for Growth of Human T98G Glioblastoma Cells (2000)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathway is activated by numerous cellular stresses. Although it has been implicated in mediating apoptosis and growth factor signaling, its role in regulating cell growth is not yet clear. Here, the influence of JNK on basal (unstimulated) growth of human tumor glioblastoma T98G cells was investigated using highly specific JNK antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit JNK expression. Transient depletion of either JNK1 or JNK2 suppressed cell growth associated with an inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in S phase. The growth-inhibitory potency of JNK2 antisense ((JNK)2 IC(50) = 0.14 micrometer) was greater than that of JNK1 antisense ((JNK)1 IC(50) = 0.37 micrometer), suggesting that JNK2 plays a dominant role in regulating growth of T98G cells. Indeed, JNK2 antisense-treated populations exhibited greater inhibition of DNA synthesis and accumulation of S-phase cells than did the JNK1 antisense-treated cultures, with a significant proportion of these cells detaching from the tissue culture plate. JNK2 (but not JNK1) antisense-treated cultures exhibited marked elevation in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1) accompanied by inhibition of Cdk2/Cdc2 kinase activities. Taken together, these results indicate that JNK is required for growth of T98G cells in nonstress conditions and that p21(cip1/waf1) may contribute to the sustained growth arrest of JNK2-depleted T98G cultures.
Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning (2011)

Existing randomised trials do not establish whether the administration of HBO to patients with carbon monoxide poisoning reduces the incidence of adverse neurologic outcomes. Additional research is needed to better define the role, if any, of HBO in the treatment of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. This research question is ideally suited to a multi-center randomised controlled trial.
Vascular Pressure–Flow Measurement Using CB-PDMS Flexible Strain Sensor (2019)

Regular monitoring of blood flow and pressure in vascular reconstructions or grafts would provide early warning of graft failure and improve salvage procedures. Based on biocompatible materials, we have developed a new type of thin, flexible pulsation sensor (FPS) which is wrapped around a graft to monitor blood pressure and flow. The FPS uses carbon black (CB) nanoparticles dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a piezoresistive sensor layer, which was encapsulated within structural PDMS layers and connected to stainless steel interconnect leads. Because the FPS is more flexible than natural arteries, veins, and synthetic vascular grafts, it can be wrapped around target conduits at the time of surgery and remain implanted for long-term monitoring. In this study, we analyze strain transduction from a blood vessel and characterize the electrical and mechanical response of CB-PDMS from 0-50% strain. An optimum concentration of 14% CB-PDMS was used to fabricate 300-μm thick FPS devices with elastic modulus under 500 kPa, strain range of over 50%, and gauge factor greater than 5. Sensors were tested in vitro on vascular grafts with flows of 0-1,100 mL/min. In vitro testing showed linear output to pulsatile flows and pressures. Cyclic testing demonstrated robust operation over hundreds of cardiac cycles, with ±2.6 mmHg variation in pressure readout. CB-PDMS composite material showed excellent potential in biologic strain sensing applications where a flexible sensor with large maximum strain range is needed.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of ProGRP in lung cancer. (2009)

ProGRP is a useful marker in SCLC, with diagnostic performance better than that of NSE and demonstrating association with survival in NSCLC and SCLC limited to univariate analysis.