gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR-Restricted Memory CD4<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes Recognize Conserved Immunodominant Epitopes of<i>Anaplasma marginale</i>Major Surface Protein 1a (2002)

Native major surface protein 1 (MSP1) of Anaplasma marginale, composed of covalently associated MSP1a and MSP1b proteins, stimulates protective immunity in cattle against homologous and heterologous strain challenge. Protective immunity against pathogens in the family Anaplasmataceae involves both CD4(+) T cells and neutralizing immunoglobulin G. Thus, an effective vaccine should contain both CD4(+) T- and B-lymphocyte epitopes that will elicit strong memory responses upon infection with homologous and heterologous strains. Previous studies demonstrated that the predominant CD4(+) T-cell response in MSP1 vaccinates is directed against the MSP1a subunit. The present study was designed to identify conserved CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in MSP1a presented by a broadly represented subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules that would be suitable for inclusion in a recombinant vaccine. Transmembrane protein prediction analysis of MSP1a from the Virginia strain revealed a large hydrophilic domain (HD), extending from amino acids (aa) 1 to 366, and a hydrophobic region extending from aa 367 to 593. The N terminus (aa 1 to 67) includes one 28-aa form A repeat and one 29-aa form B repeat, which each contain an antibody neutralization-sensitive epitope [Q(E)ASTSS]. In MSP1 vaccinates, recombinant MSP1a HD (aa 1 to 366) stimulated recall proliferative responses that were comparable to those against whole MSP1a excluding the repeat region (aa 68 to 593). Peptide mapping determined a minimum of five conserved epitopes in aa 151 to 359 that stimulated CD4(+) T cells from cattle expressing DR-DQ haplotypes common in Holstein-Friesian breeds. Peptides representing three epitopes (aa 231 to 266, aa 270 to 279, and aa 290 to 319) were stimulatory for CD4(+) T-cell clones and restricted by DR. A DQ-restricted CD4(+) T-cell epitope, present in the N-terminal form B repeat (VSSQSDQASTSSQLG), was also mapped using T-cell clones from one vaccinate. Although form B repeat-specific T cells did not recognize the form A repeat peptide (VSSQS_EASTSSQLG), induction of T-cell anergy by this peptide was ruled out. The presence of multiple CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in the MSP1a HD, in addition to the neutralization-sensitive epitope, supports the testing of this immunogen for induction of protective immunity against A. marginale challenge.
Disentangling the Wikipedia Category Graph for Corpus Extraction (2009)

In several areas of research such as knowledge management and natural language processing, domain-specific corpora are required for tasks such as terminology extraction and ontology learning. The presented investigations herein are based on the assumption that Wikipedia can be used for the purpose of corpus extraction. It presents the advantage of possessing a semantic layer, which should ease the extraction of domainspecific corpora. Yet, as the Wikipedia category graph is scalefree, it can not be used as it is for these purposes. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to graph clustering called BorderFlow, which we use and evaluate on the Wikipedia category graph. Additional possible applications of these results in the area of information retrieval are presented.
Security measures for industrial fieldbus systems - state of the art and solutions for IP-based approaches (2005)

With the success of IP-based networks in the office world and the Internet as such the application of this technology also became attractive for the automation area. The design of next-generation fieldbus systems already picked up this idea. With the trend towards vertical integration in the field area and the seamless communication facilities IP-based networks offer, security gains importance. However, while security is already a topic for LANs and IP networks, the topic is only slowly gaining attention in the fieldbus segment. This paper analyses the current situation of security measures for industrial fieldbus systems. With respect to IP-based systems the focus is set to the measures that are offered for the (TCP/)IP protocol and their applicability for the special situation of industrial fieldbuses. Its shown where automation networks differ from communication relations in the Internet, and solutions for the particular security problems on the field level and the interconnection with higher levels are to be proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of Optically Active Allylic Alcohols, 2‐Furyl Alcohols and 2‐Thienyl Alcohols by Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficacy and Safety of Atacicept in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2017)

Atacicept treatment showed evidence of efficacy in SLE, particularly in HDA and serologically active patients. Reductions in disease activity and severe flare were observed with atacicept treatment, with an acceptable safety profile.
A Study on the Performance of Search Methods for Mesh Router Nodes Placement Problem (2011)

Node placement problems have been long investigated in the optimization field due to numerous applications in facility location, logistics, services, etc. Such problems are attracting again the attention of researchers now from the networking domain, and more especially from Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) field. Indeed, the placement of mesh routers nodes appears to be crucial for the performance and operability of WMNs, in terms of network connectivity and stability. However, node placement problems are known for their hardness for solving them to optimality, and therefore heuristics methods are used to near-optimally solve such problems. In this work we evaluate the performance of different heuristic methods in order to judge on their suitability of solving mesh router nodes problem. We have selected methods from two different families, namely, local search methods (Hill Climbing and Simulated Annealing) and population-based methods (Genetic Algorithms). The former are known for their capability to exploit the solution space by constructing a path of visited solutions, while the later use a population of individuals aiming to largely explore the solution space. In both cases, a bi-objective optimization consisting in the maximization of the size of the giant component in the mesh routers network (for measuring network connectivity) and that of user coverage are considered. In the experimental evaluation, we have used a benchmark of instances -varying from small to large size- generated using different distributions of mesh node clients (Uniform, Normal, Exponential and Weibull).
Time-resolved phase-sensitive second harmonic generation spectroscopy (2015)

A methodology based on time-resolved, phase-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) for probing the excited state dynamics of species at interfaces is presented. It is based on an interference measurement between the SHG from the sample and a local oscillator generated at a reference together with a lock-in measurement to remove the large constant offset from the interference. The technique is characterized by measuring the phase and excited state dynamics of the dye malachite green at the water/air interface. The key attributes of the technique are that the observed signal is directly proportional to sample concentration, in contrast to the quadratic dependence from non-phase sensitive SHG, and that the real and imaginary parts of the 2nd order non-linear susceptibility can be determined independently. We show that the method is highly sensitive and can provide high quality excited state dynamics in short data acquisition times.
Dual resolution cone beam breast CT: A feasibility study (2009)

These results indicate potential improvement of the image quality inside the VOI with reduced breast dose both inside and outside the VOI.
Endothelial cell damage after gamma-irradiation in vitro: impaired uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. (1982)

The effects of gamma-irradiation with a cesium-137 source were assessed on endothelial cells isolated from bovine pulmonary arteries and maintained in culture. The radiobiologic parameters that characterize the dose-response survival curve for these cells, expressed as mean +/- SD were found to be n = 1.6 +/- 0.2, Dq = 71 +/- 13 rads, and Do = 161 +/- 35 rads, indicating a relatively low capacity of these cells to accumulate or repair radiation damage. Increasing doses of radiation led to decreasing uptake by endothelial cells of [14C]2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a Na+-dependent and nonmetabolizable amino acid. A dose of 500 rads, which caused marked inhibition of cell survival, resulted in a 45% decrease in AIB uptake at 6 h and a 69% decrease in uptake at 24 h after irradiation. No morphologic abnormality was noted in these cells by light microscopy at 24 h after this dose of radiation. Bovine pulmonary artery fibroblasts, on the other hand, showed no significant impairment in uptake of AIB 24 h after exposure to doses of radiation as high as 5,000 rads. The uptake by endothelial cells of [14C]1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid, an amino acid transported by a Na+-independent process, was not influenced by 5,000 rads of radiation. Our studies show that endothelial cells are sensitive to radiation and that impaired Na+-dependent uptake of AIB represents an early event in radiation damage to the endothelial cell.
Preparation of 1,4-bis(p-tolylsulfonyl)hexahydro-6-hydroxy-1H-1,4-diazepine and 1,4-bis(p-tolylsulfonyl)-2-hydroxymethylpiperazine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 1,4-bis(p-tolylsulfonyl)hexahydro-6-hydroxy-1H-1,4-diazepine and 1,4-bis(p-tolylsulfonyl)-2-hydroxymethylpiperazineWalfred Saari, Andrew W. Raab, and Stella W. KingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 12, 1711–1714Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00811a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (582 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Phase separation of polyelectrolyte solutions (1957)

Abstract It is shown theoretically that phase separation may arise in solutions of polyelectrolytes due to electrostatic interactions alone. Two models are considered thermodynamically. In both models the free energy is represented as the sum of an entropy of mixing term and an electrostatic free energy term, while the van der Waals attractions are neglected. In the one model, electrically charged rigid cylindrical rods are in solution with an equivalent amount of counterions but without additional electrolyte. The free electrical energy, in this case, is given by the expression of Lifson and Katchalsky. In the other model the solution contains two types of macroions of opposite charge. The macroions are flexible coils carrying a number of univalent charges, the charge density being sufficiently low. The electrical free energy in this case may be approximated by the Debye‐Hückel expression. For both models, it is shown that the decrease in the electrical free energy in a phase separation can, at given temperature and pressure, more than compensate for the increase in the entropy of mixing term. The effects of polymer concentration, dielectric constant, charge density, and salt content follow directly from the thermodynamic treatment of the models.
Free energy changes in ribonuclease A denaturation. Effect of urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and lithium salts. (1983)

The unfolding of ribonuclease A by urea, guanidine hydrochloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium chloride, and lithium bromide has been followed by circular dichroic and difference spectral measurements. All three abnormal tyrosyl residues are normalized in urea and guanidine hydrochloride (delta epsilon 287 = -2700), only two are normalized in lithium bromide and lithium perchlorate (delta epsilon 287 = -1700), and only one is exposed in lithium chloride solutions (delta epsilon 287 = -700). The Gibbs energies are 4.7 +/- 0.1 kcal mol-1 for urea- and guanidine hydrochloride-denaturation, 3.8 +/- 0.2 kcal mol-1 for lithium perchlorate-denaturation, and 12.7 +/- 0.2 kcal mol-1 for lithium chloride- and lithium bromide-denaturation of ribonuclease A. The latter results suggest that the mechanism of the unfolding process in urea and guanidine hydrochloride is quite different from that in lithium salts.
Characterization of the Products of the Heme Detoxification Pathway in Malarial Late Trophozoites by X-ray Diffraction (1997)

In a process inhibited by the quinoline antimalarial drugs, Plasmodia detoxify heme released during the degradation of hemoglobin by aggregating it into malarial pigment, an insoluble crystalline heme coordination polymer. Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction patterns for intact desiccated malarial trophozoites and synthetic beta-hematin have been measured; both materials correspond to a single crystalline triclinic lattice with unit cell parameters a = 12.2176(4), b = 14.7184(5), c = 8.0456(3) A; alpha = 90.200(2), beta = 96.806(3), gamma = 97.818(3) degrees and Z = 2. These results unambiguously demonstrate that hemozoin crystallites are identical to synthetic beta-hematin.
Light-Driven Organized Layer Materials (2005)

ABSTRACT Organized molecular systems provide alluring light-driven actuation systems. They can be migrated or deformed themselves or control states of other ordered materials. This paper presents our two recent topics on light-driven organized monolayers and thin films comprising photochromic azobenzene-containing liquid crystalline polymers; i) photo- alignment of nanochannels in mesoporous silica film, and ii) light-triggered instant mass migration in a thin film state, which can be utilized as a conveyance system for micropatterning of light-inert molecules and materials.
Investigation on advanced receiver employing interference rejection combining for space-frequency block code transmit diversity in LTE-Advanced downlink (2012)

The interference rejection combining (IRC) receiver, which can suppress inter-cell interference, is effective in improving the cell edge user throughput, and is required to function effectively in various development scenarios, e.g., in both closed-loop and open-loop multiple input multiple output (MIMO) multiplexing. The IRC receiver is typically based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria, which requires highly accurate channel estimation and covariance matrix estimation that includes inter-cell interference. We investigated a covariance matrix estimation scheme that employs received signals and the known sequence of downlink reference signals (RSs), and evaluated the performance gain of the scheme assuming closed-loop MIMO multiplexing. However, for open-loop MIMO multiplexing assuming one-stream transmission, i.e., open-loop transmit diversity employing the space-frequency block code (SFBC), the IRC receiver must detect the SFBC signals and suppress the interference signals at the same time. Although it is required for the extended covariance matrix estimation, some elements cannot be estimated using the RS-based estimation scheme. Therefore, this paper proposes inserting zero values in the unknown elements, and investigates the performance gains. The results of simulations assuming the LTE/LTE-Advanced downlink show that the IRC receiver using the proposed scheme, which has two receiver antenna branches, suppresses the inter-cell interference and improves the throughput by approximately 12% to 15% compared to that for the conventional maximal ratio combining (MRC) receiver when a cell edge environment is assumed.
1,6-Asymmetric Induction in Boron-Mediated Aldol Reactions:  Application to a Practical Total Synthesis of (+)-Discodermolide (2002)

By relying solely on substrate-based stereocontrol, a practical total synthesis of the microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agent (+)-discodermolide has been realized. This exploits a novel aldol bond construction with 1,6-stereoinduction from the boron enolate of (Z)-enone 3 in addition to aldehyde 2. The 1,3-diol 7 is employed as a common building block for the C(1)-C(5), C(9)-C(16), and C(17)-C(24) subunits. [reaction--see text]
Trees performing as radio antennas (1975)

Radio transmission and reception experiments conducted in a tropical jungle are described. The performance of conventional whip antennas is compared with the performance of trees utilized as antennas in conjunction with hybrid electromagnetic antenna couplers (HEMAC's). The trees were found to outperform the whip in some cases by up to 20 dB.
Manipulating refractive and reflective binocular disparity (2014)

Abstract Presenting stereoscopic content on 3D displays is a challenging task, usually requiring manual adjustments. A number of techniques have been developed to aid this process, but they account for binocular disparity of surfaces that are diffuse and opaque only. However, combinations of transparent as well as specular materials are common in the real and virtual worlds, and pose a significant problem. For example, excessive disparities can be created which cannot be fused by the observer. Also, multiple stereo interpretations become possible, e. g., for glass, that both reflects and refracts, which may confuse the observer and result in poor 3D experience. In this work, we propose an efficient method for analyzing and controlling disparities in computer‐generated images of such scenes where surface positions and a layer decomposition are available. Instead of assuming a single per‐pixel disparity value, we estimate all possibly perceived disparities at each image location. Based on this representation, we define an optimization to find the best per‐pixel camera parameters, assuring that all disparities can be easily fused by a human. A preliminary perceptual study indicates, that our approach combines comfortable viewing with realistic depiction of typical specular scenes.
Effect of Alkylation on the Cellular Uptake of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Gold Nanoparticles (2017)

Alkyl groups (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>) are prevalent in engineered bionanomaterials used for many intracellular applications, yet how alkyl groups dictate the interactions between nanoparticles and mammalian cells remains incomprehensively investigated. In this work, we report the effect of alkylation on the cellular uptake of densely polyethylene glycol-coated nanoparticles, which are characterized by their limited entry into mammalian cells. Specifically, we prepare densely PEGylated gold nanoparticles that bear alkyl chains of varying carbon chain lengths (n) and loading densities (termed "alkyl-PEG-AuNPs"), followed by investigating their uptake by Kera-308 keratinocytes. Strikingly, provided a modest alkyl mass percentage of 0.2% (2 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional lipid-based NPs) in their PEG shells, dodecyl-PEG-AuNPs (n = 12) and octadecyl-PEG-AuNPs (n = 18) can enter Kera-308 cells 30-fold more than methoxy-PEG-AuNPs (no alkyl groups) and hexyl-PEG-AuNPs (n = 6) after 24 h of incubation. Such strong dependence on n is valid for all serum concentrations considered (even under serum-free conditions), although enhanced serum levels can trigger the agglomeration of alkyl-PEG-AuNPs (without permanent aggregation of the AuNP cores) and can attenuate their cellular uptake. Additionally, alkyl-PEG-AuNPs can rapidly enter Kera-308 cells via the filipodia-mediated pathway, engaging the tips of membrane protrusions and accumulating within interdigital folds. Most alkyl-PEG-AuNPs adopt the "endo-lysosomal" route of trafficking, but ∼15% of them accumulate in the cytosol. Regardless of intracellular location, alkyl-PEG-AuNPs predominantly appear as individual entities after 24 h of incubation. Our work offers insights into the incorporation of alkyl groups for designing bionanomaterials for cellular uptake and cytosolic accumulation with intracellular stability.
Effects of Skew Angle and Transition Curvature in HAMR Hard Disk Drives (2017)

University of Minnesota M.S.E.E. thesis. May 2017. Major: Electrical/Computer Engineering. Advisor: Randall Victora. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 54 pages.
[Determination of aldolase A by radioimmunoassay. Experimental and clinical studies on the diagnosis of cancer of the digestive tract]. (1983)

A radioimmunoassay available for human aldolase A was developed for the direct quantification of aldolase A in human serum and tissues. The method was a double antibody technique using radio-iodinated purified aldolase A, chicken antibody to aldolase A, and rabbit antibody to chicken IgG. This radioimmunoassay was specific for the aldolase A subunit, with no cross-reactivity with human aldolase B subunit or human aldolase C subunit. Aldolase A was predominantly high in skeletal muscle, and relatively high in brain and cardiac muscle. Normal liver tissue contains only a small amount of aldolase A, whereas aldolase A predominates in liver cell carcinoma tissue. Aldolase A levels in the sera of normal subjects were 171 +/- 39 ng/ml (mean +/- 2SD). Aldolase A levels correlated closely with hemoglobin levels, so aldolase A levels were increased in the sera with hemolysis. Since skeletal muscle is the largest origin of aldolase A in any tissue, serum aldolase A levels were increased in patients with acute muscle injury due to abdominal operation and even in healthy subjects after hard exercise. Serum aldolase A levels in almost all of non-cancer patients of the digestive tract were less than 210 ng/ml. In contrast, about 80% of patients with cancer in the digestive tract showed increased serum aldolase A levels. Aldolase A levels were remarkably increased in the sera of cancer patients with distant metastasis. The CEA levels were increased only in 46% of the sera of patients with cancer in the digestive tract, whereas the aldolase A levels were increased in 86% of the patients. The AFP levels were higher than 100 ng/ml in 76% of the sera of 21 patients with liver cell carcinoma, whereas the aldolase A levels were markedly increased in 90% of them. From these results, it may be suggested that the determination of serum aldolase A by radioimmunoassay is a useful tool in the clinical diagnosis of cancer patients with cancer in the digestive tract.
A 3MHz spoke gyroscope with wide bandwidth and large dynamic range (2010)

This paper reports on the design and characterization of a high-frequency silicon bulk acoustic wave (BAW) spoke gyroscope operating in air. The gyroscope described here operates at 3.12 MHz in a near mode-matched condition (without tuning) and has a -1 dB bandwidth of ~1.5 kHz. The device has a linear full-scale range in excess of 30,000°/sec with a sensitivity of 15.0 ¿V/°/sec using a 10 V DC polarization voltage. The wide bandwidth and large dynamic range of this device are beneficial for applications requiring rapid motion sensing.