gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binds specifically to a single glutamyl residue of the proteolipid subunit of the mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatases from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1980)

The N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid subunit of the mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatases (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) of Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were purified from mitochondria incubated with the radioactively labeled inhibitor. The specifically labeled subunit was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and N-bromosuccinimide, and the resultant fragments were separated by gel chromatography in the presence of 80% (vol/vol) formic acid. The N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide label was recovered in each organism exclusively in a 17-residue fragment. Further analysis by automated solid-phase Edman degradation revealed that the bound label was present at only one position, corresponding to a glutamyl residue. The N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-modified glutamyl residue is the only identical acidic position in both proteins and occurs in the middle of a hydrophobic sequence of about 25 residues.
Ore-controlling Characteristics of Devonian Stratum in the Dachang Sn Ore-field, Guangxi (South China) (2011)

The Dachang ore-field, which locates in Nandan county of Guangxi province, China, is an important tin-polymetallic mining industry and the typical research base for cassiterite-sulfide deposit in this world. In this mineralization zone, almost all of the deposits are hosted by Devonian stratum, which evolves every group of Devonian. It is undeniable that Devonian stratum is one of the key factor for the formation of Sn polymetallic deposit. The diversity and disparity of Devonian stratum tend to cause the different deformation in the same tectonic stress field and form the favorable space, which is rather important for the migration and filling of the ore fluid. The alternate phenomenon, specially between the limestone and mudstone or shale, make Devonian stratum an excellent reservoir and cover in itself. According to the hydrothermal diagram of Al2O3-SiO2, the sedimentary environment of Devonian stratum is rather complicate, which show that it experienced several times of sea-level changes and turbulence during the formation of Devonian stratum.
Virtual Avatar Control Using Wireless Sensors (2011)

Virtual avatar control is an important technology in computer games and virtual reality. However, the traditional push button controller is no longer able to satisfy the user’s experience requirement to the interactive entertainment. This paper proposes an intuitive interaction approach which allows the user to control the virtual character by his body performance. The user’s behavior is captured by measuring the accelerometer and magnetometer from the motion sensor attached to the user’s limbs. Then the sensor data are sent to the computer via wireless sensor network and the orientation of the sensor is estimated with optimization method. Finally, the motion data of the virtual character are synthesized from the computed orientations. The experimental result shows that this method can transfer the user’s performance effectively to the virtual character and improve the user’s experience in virtual environment.
High yield purification of active transcription factor IIIA expressed in<i>E.coli</i> (1991)

Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from Xenopus laevis, is a zinc finger protein required for transcription of 5S rRNA genes by RNA polymerase III. We describe the purification and characterization of recombinant TFIIIA (recTFIIIA) expressed in E. coli. RecTFIIIA was purified to greater than 95% homogeneity at a yield of 2-3 milligrams per liter of bacterial culture. This purified protein protects the internal control region of a 5S rRNA gene from DNase I digestion, yielding footprints on both strands identical to those produced by the ovarian protein (ovaTFIIIA). Quantitative analysis of binding data from gel retardation assays yielded a KD of about 0.4 nM for TFIIIA from either source. Using a quantitative TFIIIA-dependent in vitro transcription assay, we found that recTFIIIA is equivalent to ovaTFIIIA in supporting transcription of 5S rRNA genes. We conclude that recTFIIIA is functionally indistinguishable from the protein purified from Xenopus ovaries, and can be readily obtained in pure form and large quantity.
Guidance Accuracy Considerations for the Microwave Landing System Precision DME (1980)

The microwave landing system (mls), developed by the FAA under a joint DOT/FAA, DOD, and NASA program is designed for extended requirements in volumetric coverage, guidance accuracy, and integrity to meet the increasing needs of aviation. It is to be a common civil-military system and provide a level of operations and equipments suitable for all classes of users. Integral to the Microwave Landing System concept is the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) which measures range to touchdown. It must satisfy to the maximum extent possible, approach and landing operational requirements for all user aircraft (CTOL, STOL, and VTOL). These requirements dictate aircraft range and range rate measurements with an accuracy at least an order of magnitude more precise than those needed for conventional terminal DME application. This precision DME system (called the PDME) must: (1) satisfy the CTOL Category II decision height and Category III flare maneuver accuracy requirements (100 feet, 2 sigma) when combined with the appropriate elevation data, and (2) for VTOL applications provide accurate range (±40 feet, 2 sigma) and range rate information (±2 knots 2 sigma) to permit IFR decelerated approaches to within 500-foot range of hover. These specifications must be satisfied in the presence of large signal attenuation caused by ground multipath interference and signal time-of-arrival errors induced by lateral multipath (hangars, etc.).
Clipping effects on channel estimation and signal detection in OFDM (2004)

Clipping is a popular and simple method to overcome large peak to mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) in OKDM system, but it results in a nonlinear distortion, which degrade the performance of channel estimation and signal detection. In this paper we estimated OFDM channel using a simple LS method based on a scheme that only part of the OFDM tones arc used for pilot, in which the clipping distortion is unknown for the receiver, and then we analyze the clipping effects on channel estimation. According to the estimated channel, we detected the OFDM signal and analyze the clipping effects on signal detection. We derived the BER solution of clipping OFDM in Rayleigh fading channel and the numerical solution is very close to simulation results.
A prime factor FFT algorithm using high-speed convolution (1977)

Two recently developed ideas, the conversion of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to convolution and the implementation of short convolutions with a minimum of multiplications, are combined to give efficient algorithms for long transforms. Three transform algorithms are compared in terms of the number of multiplications and additions. Timing for a prime factor fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm using high-speed convolution, which was programmed for an IBM 370 and an 8080 microprocessor, is presented.
Characterization of cis-prenyltransferases from the rubber producing plant Hevea brasiliensis heterologously expressed in yeast and plant cells (2012)

A precise mechanism for the biosynthesis of natural rubber has not yet been elucidated. The cis-prenyltransferase (cPT), HRT2, identified from latex of Hevea brasiliensis, is thought to be a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of natural rubber. This is due to the observation that recombinant HRT2, expressed in Escherichia coli, is significantly activated in the presence of a centrifuged latex fraction, resulting in the formation of polyisoprenes corresponding to natural rubber. The precise enzymatic characterization of cPT function for HRT2, however, has not been investigated because HRT2 expressed in E. coli does not exhibit significant activity independently. Herein, the enzymatic characterization of HRTs expressed in eukaryotic cell systems is reported. Both HRT2 and HRT1, another cPT from Hevea latex, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis T87 cultured cells showed distinct cPT activity, producing polyisoprenoids with chain-lengths of C80–100, although failing to catalyze the formation of natural rubber. The chain lengths of the HRT1/HRT2 products were not altered by the addition of centrifuged latex fractions, and the HRT1/HRT2 expressed in yeast competed with the rubber transferase activity of the latex fraction. These results indicate that HRT1/HRT2 requires additional co-factors from the eukaryotic cells to produce distinct cPT activity, and that latex specific co-factor(s) may be required to enable HRT1/HRT2 rubber transferase activity.
Growth of the lava dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington, (USA), 1981–1983 (1987)

Nine dominantly nonexplosive episodes of dome growth at Mount St. Helens during 1981–83 added about 40 × 10 6m 3of dacitic lava to the active composite dome in the volcano’s 1980 crater. Endogenous and exogenous growth, the latter mostly in the form of stubby lava flows that accumulated on the dome, combined to build an edifice 880 m long, 830 m wide, and 224 m high by December 1983; the total volume (1980–1983) was about 44 × 10 6m 3. Every 1–5 months during 1981–82, periods of increasing seismicity and ground deformation lasting 1–3 weeks culminated in extrusions lasting a few days. Endogenous growth became increasingly important during this interval, and in February 1983, the style of activity changed from episodic to essentially continuous endogenous and exogenous growth. In March 1982 and February 1983, extrusions were preceded by lateral explosions that triggered snow avalanches from the crater wall and mudflows down the volcano’s north flank. Collapse of part of the north face of the dome during rapid endogenous growth in April 1982 produced a hot rock avalanche and small mudflow. Ejections of gas and comminuted dome rock from the top of the dome were frequent throughout 1981–83, and averaged several per day in 1983. As the dome continues to grow, its capacity to accommodate newly supplied magma without rupturing, and hence the ratio of endogenous to exogenous growth, will probably continue to increase. Endogenous growth will be especially favored when magma supply is continuous and slow; extrusive activity will be favored if the short-term supply rate becomes significantly higher than the current rate of about 0.9 × 10 6m 3/month. Future explosive activity is possible and perhaps even likely in view of Mount St. Helens’ history and the histories of similar contemporary domes at other volcanoes, but at this time we can foresee no change from the pattern of mostly nonexplosive dome growth that characterized activity during 1981–83.
Nanotextured super-hydrophobic transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces using high-density plasma processing (2007)

We present an environmentally friendly, rapid, no-rinse and mass-production amenable plasma process for the fabrication of super-hydrophobic (SH) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces using only a one load/unload step in a low-pressure, high-density plasma reactor. First, oxygen plasma is applied to nanotexture the PMMA surface via etching processes leading to high aspect ratio (HAR) topography, with dual-roughness characteristics for short process durations, as evidenced by AFM analysis. The duration of the process may range from 1 min to several min depending on the roughness amplitude and on the degree of transparency desired. The significance of the ion-bombardment is revealed and discussed. After this first step, the gas chemistry is changed to a fluorocarbon one which leads to a few nanometres-thick Teflon-like film deposition, thus altering the PMMA surface chemistry within a few seconds. Following this process, a very large area (depending on the reactor scale) of the PMMA may become SH in less than 1.5 min (total process duration) with a transparency as desired (from fully transparent to milky and antireflective). The contact angles (CA) measured are approximately 152° with 5° hysteresis. For short process durations, the dual-roughness character of PMMA surfaces favours the SH formation, despite the low roughness factor. Furthermore, the dry and low-temperature character of the process ensures the intactness of PMMA's shape and bulk mechanical properties.
Conditional targeting of E-cadherin in skin: Insights into hyperproliferative and degenerative responses (2004)

Loss of E-cadherin has been associated with human cancers, and yet in the early mouse embryo and the lactating mammary gland, the E-cadherin null state results in tissue dysfunction and cell death. Here we targeted loss of E-cadherin in skin epithelium. The epidermal basal layer responded by elevating P-cadherin, enabling these cells to maintain adherens junctions. Suprabasal layers upregulated desmosomal cadherins, but without classical cadherins, terminal differentiation was impaired. Progressive hyperplasia developed with age, a possible consequence of proliferative maintenance in basal cells coupled with defects in terminal differentiation. In contrast, hair follicles lost integrity of the inner root sheath and hair cuticle without apparent elevation of cadherins. These findings suggest that, if no compensatory mechanisms exist, E-cadherin loss may be incompatible with epithelial tissue survival, whereas partial compensation can result in alterations in differentiation and proliferation.
Protein a immunoadsorption treatment in hematology: An overview (1994)

Staphylococcal protein A efficiently binds immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes (CIC) and provides an effective medium to remove immunoglobulins and CICs from plasma while sparing albumin and most coagulation proteins. Although it activates the complement system its clinical use abrogates the need for plasma expanders necessitated by plasma exchange. Despite anecdotal reports of utility in several hematologic syndromes, publications of clinical trials are available only for autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) and refractoriness to platelet transfusions (RFT) associated with alloimmunization. In the former situation Snyder et al. (Blood 79:2237-2245, 1992) reported on 72 patients with AITP all of whom had failed at least two previous therapies including splenectomy in 68%. Forty-six percent achieved improved platelet counts following treatment. The response was durable (8-26 mo) in all but 10%. Spleen-intact patients could not be differentiated from those who had been splenectomized. Both responders and nonresponders showed significant decreases in CIC and platelet-directed immunoglobulin (PDIG), but responders achieved near-normal levels. The beneficial response of these factors, particularly in spleen-intact patients, warrants a prospective study. In our studies at the University of Minnesota twelve patients with thrombocytopenia secondary to bone marrow failure who were refractory to platelet transfusion were treated with protein A immunoadsorption. Ten had demonstrable antiplatelet Abs (Anti-HLA, HPA, ABO). Seven of 12 demonstrated improved platelet counts and post-transfusion corrected count increments after treatment. This was associated with decreased platelet utilization and clinical bleeding. A prospective controlled clinical trial is justified.
[Experiments to obtain and test vaccines against enzootic pneumonia in swine]. (1976)

Five-day-old PPLO broth cultures of two Mycoplasma hyorhinis strains were used to obtain an inactivated vaccine consisting of 75 parts culture, 25 parts aluminum hydroxyde and 0.1 per cent formalin, and a live vaccine of 75 parts culture and 25 parts aluminum hydroxyde. The inactivated vaccine was tested on a total of 320 pregnant pigs and the live one--on 3,150 pigs, aged two-three months on a farm with a record of M. hyorhinis infection resulting in an enzootic pneumonia. In those of the pigs that were born by the vaccinated sows and were later on vaccinated themselves the percent of enzootic penumonia morbidity was reduced to 50.
Review of bosentan in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension-0 (2011)

The dual endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, is an orally active therapy, which is effective in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This review critically appraises the evidence for the efficacy of bosentan in idiopathic and familial PAH, in PAH associated with connective tissue disease and in PAH which may develop in association with other conditions. Data from the pivotal placebo controlled studies and their open labeled extensions as well as long term survival and quality of life data is presented. Data is also presented on the potential benefit of bosentan in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The safety and tolerability of bosentan as well as drug interactions are discussed. Dosage recommendations in adults and pediatrics are presented. An algorithm is provided to guide the reader in monitoring potential increases in alanine and aspartate transaminase levels that may occur with bosentan use and the dose adjustments that are recommended as a result of any increase in the levels of these enzymes are shown. Finally, the role of bosentan as part of combination therapy in PAH is examined.
Foot Morphological Difference between Habitually Shod and Unshod Runners (2015)

Foot morphology and function has received increasing attention from both biomechanics researchers and footwear manufacturers. In this study, 168 habitually unshod runners (90 males whose age, weight & height were 23±2.4 years, 66±7.1 kg & 1.68±0.13 m and 78 females whose age, weight & height were 22±1.8 years, 55±4.7 kg & 1.6±0.11 m) (Indians) and 196 shod runners (130 males whose age, weight & height were 24±2.6 years, 66±8.2 kg & 1.72±0.18 m and 66 females whose age, weight & height were 23±1.5 years, 54±5.6 kg & 1.62±0.15 m) (Chinese) participated in a foot scanning test using the easy-foot-scan (a three-dimensional foot scanning system) to obtain 3D foot surface data and 2D footprint imaging. Foot length, foot width, hallux angle and minimal distance from hallux to second toe were calculated to analyze foot morphological differences. This study found that significant differences exist between groups (shod Chinese and unshod Indians) for foot length (female p = 0.001), width (female p = 0.001), hallux angle (male and female p = 0.001) and the minimal distance (male and female p = 0.001) from hallux to second toe. This study suggests that significant differences in morphology between different ethnicities could be considered for future investigation of locomotion biomechanics characteristics between ethnicities and inform last shape and design so as to reduce injury risks and poor performance from mal-fit shoes.
The use of fatty acid profile as a potential marker for Brazilian coffee (Coffea arabica L.) for corn adulteration (2008)

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition of the coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties Catuai, Catucaí, Bourbom, Mundo Novo, Rubí and Topázio known to produce beverage of intermediate, excellent, excellent, intermediate, intermediate and poor quality, respectively, was determined for the first time. Average area % of the FAMEs of the six varieties was: palmitic (38.2), stearic (8.3), oleic (8.6), linoleic (38.5), linolenic (1.6) and arachidic (3.6) acids, respectively. The method was very quick with complete characterization (>99%) of the samples studied being possible in less than 6 min. While these values may provide insights for evaluating the coffee quality, no significant effect (p < 0.05) of coffee variety was found on area % of the FAMEs. In addition, FAMEs of six corn samples, six commercial coffee brands and one commercial coffee sample intentionally contaminated with three levels of corn were compared. Although the linoleic/stearic ratio was significantly different in coffee and corn FAMEs, this probe could not be used a marker to detect corn adulteration in commercial coffees.
On Quality-of-Service and Publish-Subscribe (2006)

Publish-subscribe is a powerful paradigm for distributed communication based on decoupled producers and consumers of information. Its event-driven nature makes it very appealing for large-scale data dissemination infrastructures. Various architectures were proposed in recent years that provide very diverse features. However, there are few well-defined metrics in the publish-subscribe area that would allow their evaluation and comparison. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of relevant quality-of-service metrics and describe their specific meaning in the context of distributed and decentralized publish-subscribe systems. Our goal is to provide a common base for future evaluations of emerging systems and for the design of qualityof- service aware publish-subscribe infrastructures.
Effects of Processing Method on Degradation Characteristics of Protein and Carbohydrate Sources In Situ (1995)

Two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in early lactation were used to determine the effects of heat treatment and particle size on fractional degradation rates and ruminal degradabilities of DM, CP and total nonstructural carbohydrate of dry shelled corn and soybeans. A randomized complete block design with cows as blocks was used. Carbohydrate sources were cracked corn, chick cracked corn, finely ground corn, and steam-flaked corn. Protein sources were soybeans that were roasted at 144 degrees C, cracked, or ground through a 4-mm screen and raw soybeans that were cracked or ground through a 4-mm screen. Reduction in particle size increased both degradability of total nonstructural carbohydrate in the rumen. Heat treatment decreased degradability of CP and increase degradability of total nonstructural carbohydrate in the rumen for both protein and carbohydrate sources. Roasting of soybeans decreased degradability of all AA except Lys. However,reduction in particle size had a stronger effect than heat treatment on ruminal degradability of CP and AA of soybeans, but had the opposite effect on total nonstructural carbohydrate degradability from corn. Methionine, Leu, and Thr had the lowest ruminal degradability across all soybean sources, and Lys and Val were the most degradable. The AA profile of the RUP fraction of soybeans differed from that of the original feed-stuff and was affected by processing method.
Treatment Options for Sleep Disturbances During Alcohol Recovery (2007)

Sleep disturbances are extremely common in the early stages of recovery from alcohol dependence and may persist for several months despite continued abstinence. Studies indicate that sleep disturbances independently increase the risk for relapse to alcohol, suggesting that targeting these problems during recovery may support continued abstinence. However, there is limited information in the addiction literature about available and effective treatments for sleep disturbances in recovering alcoholic patients. The primary goals of this article are to describe the phenomenology of sleep disturbances during recovery from alcohol dependence, to outline the evidence linking sleep problems with alcohol relapse, and to describe available pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options, including the evidence regarding their efficacy in recovering alcoholic patients. Recommendations for future research are provided along with special considerations for treating insomnia in this population, including avoiding cross-dependent sedatives, such as benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs).