gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NATIONAL ARCHITECTURE UPDATE (1995)

This article gives an update on the efforts towards creating a national Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) architecture. It briefly outlines the objectives and goals of the architecture and then goes over the steps that identify the process of creating the architecture.
Prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors on cholinergic nerves in human and guinea pig airways (1988)

We have investigated whether prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors ("autoreceptors") exist on cholinergic nerves in human airways in vitro and whether guinea pig trachea provides a good model for further pharmacological characterization of these receptors. Pilocarpine was used as a selective agonist and gallamine as a selective antagonist of these autoreceptors. Acetylcholine (ACh) release from postganglionic cholinergic nerves was elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) (40 V, 0.5 ms, 32 Hz). In human bronchi, pilocarpine inhibited the contractile response to EFS in a dose-related fashion; the dose inhibiting 50% of the control contraction was 2.2 +/- 0.4 x 10(-7) (SE) M (n = 22), and the inhibition was 96% at 3 x 10(-5) M. The inhibitory effects of pilocarpine were antagonized by gallamine in a dose-related fashion. The results were qualitatively the same in the guinea pig. Gallamine significantly enhanced the contractile response to EFS in the guinea pig, whereas pirenzepine failed to do so, which suggests that M2-receptors are involved. We conclude that prejunctional muscarinic receptors that inhibit ACh release are present on cholinergic nerves in human airways and that guinea pig trachea is a good model for further pharmacological characterization of these receptors, which appear to belong to the M2-subtype.
Adaptive feedback cancelling in subbands for hearing aids (1999)

In this paper a hearing aid concept with recruitment of loudness compensation and acoustic feedback cancellation is presented. Special consideration is given to the acoustic feedback canceler which uses only the available (e.g. speech) input signal for adaptation. In principle, the feedback canceler is adapted to the feedback path in the transform domain using a power-normalized least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The transformation into uniform subbands is based on an augmentation of the modulated lapped transform (MLT). Together with the hearing-loss compensating forward filter the proposed feedback canceler is computationally very efficient.
Antiestrogens inhibit endothelial cell growth stimulated by angiogenic growth factors. (1996)

We have previously reported that the partial estrogen antagonists, tamoxifen, clomiphene and nafoxidine, inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in a dose-related manner in the six-day old chick egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In the present study, we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the growth of porcine pulmonary artery and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Both of these growth factors significantly increased the growth of these cells. The antiproliferative activity of the partial antiestrogens, tamoxifen, nafoxidine and clomiphene, and the pure antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, was determined. Tamoxifen, clomiphene, nafoxidine and ICI 182,780 significantly inhibited endothelial cell growth stimulated by bFGF and VEGF. This inhibition of endothelial cells was not altered by the presence of up to 30 microM of estradiol-17 beta. These results indicate that the antiangiogenic action of the antiestrogens does not occur via the estrogen receptor, but by a direct inhibition of growth factor stimulated endothelial cell growth.
Relationship between serum FGF-23 and osteocalcin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with lower extremity arterial disease (2020)

Objective
To investigate the relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and osteocalcin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).


Methods
A total of 178 patients with T2DM admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from November 2017 to May 2018 were selected. Atherosclerotic plaque in lower extremity was evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound. All patients were divided into simple diabetes mellitus group (n=98) and diabetes complicated with LEAD group (n=80) according to the status of LEAD. According to the severity of vascular disease, diabetes complicated with LEAD group were further divided into non-occlusion group (n=55) and occlusion group (n=25). The general data of all patients were collected, and the biochemical indicators including glycated hemoglobin, blood lipid, urea nitrogen, creatinine and fasting C peptide were measured. Serum FGF-23 and serum osteocalcin levels were measured by ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of LEAD.


Results
Compared with simple diabetes group, age, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting C peptide, and FGF-23 were increased (t=2.036-6.249, all P<0.01) in diabetes complicated with LEAD group. The positive rate of hypertension (χ2=11.193, P=0.001), neuropathy (χ2=10.382, P=0.001), drinking history(χ2=4.589, P=0.032), and abnormal carotid color ultrasound (χ2=33.386, P<0.001) were also higher but osteocalcin level was lower (χ2=4.189, P<0.001) in diabetes complicated with LEAD group. Compared with non-occlusion group, osteocalcin level was decreased (t=3.001, P<0.05), whereas FGF-23 level was elevated (t=2.233, P<0.05) in occlusion group. Logistic regression analysis found that age (OR=1.112, 95% CI: 1.041-1.188, P<0.05), drinking history (OR=3.415, 95% CI: 1.116-10.452, P<0.05), FGF-23 (OR=9.128, 95% CI: 3.610-23.080, P<0.05), osteocalcin (OR=0.369, 95% CI: 0.223-0.612, P<0.05) and carotid atherosclerosis (OR=4.801, 95% CI: 1.552-14.855, P<0.05) were independent influencing factors of LEAD. The level of FGF-23 was positively related with osteocalcin level in all patients diabetes as well as in diabetes complicated with LEAD group (r=0.327, 0.585, all P<0.001).


Conclusions
The level of serum osteocalcin is lower while the level of serum FGF-23 is higher in patients with T2DM and LEAD. Both osteocalcin and FGF-23 are associated with the severity of LEAD. Serum FGF-23 level is positively correlated with serum osteocalcin level in patients with T2DM and LEAD.


Key words: 
Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Lower extremity arterial disease; Bone metabolism; Fibroblast growth factor-23; Osteocalcin
Polyomavirus BK-Specific Immunity after Kidney Transplantation (2004)

Failure to mount or maintain a protective immune response may influence the development of polyomavirus BK (BKV)-associated nephropathy (PVAN). However, limited data are so far available on BKV-specific immunity after kidney transplantation. BKV-specific cellular immune response was retrospectively analyzed in kidney recipients with or without BKV infection/reactivation by measuring the frequency of interferon (IFN)-gamma-secreting cells in peripheral blood. Patients with BKV-active infection and good renal function (n=6) had a mean BKV-specific lymphocyte frequency 2 log lower than healthy controls and in the same range as BKV-seropositive recipients without active infection (n=7). Patients with PVAN (n=5) revealed undetectable levels of BKV-specific cells. However, two patients from the latter cohort treated with immunosuppression reduction showed the emergence of specific immunity, with IFN-gamma production in the same range as healthy controls. Our preliminary data suggest that lack of protective immunity toward BKV may favor the occurrence of BKV active infection and influence the progression to PVAN.
Specific Staining of Wall Mannan in Yeast Cells with Fluorescein-Conjugated Concanavalin A (1971)

A procedure is given for the coupling of fluorescein isothiocyanate to concanavalin A, a protein which specifically combines with a variety of polysaccharides, and for the subsequent isolation of the reactive conjugate. This fluorescent conjugate stains Saccharomyces cerevisiae but not Schizosaccharomyces pombe or Rhodotorula glutinis. The cell walls of the latter two organisms do not contain branched homopolymers of alpha-linked mannose. Furthermore, the staining of S. cerevisiae is competitively inhibited by either unlabeled concanavalin A or methyl-alpha-d-manno-pyranoside. On the basis of this evidence, it is concluded that the staining of S. cerevisiae results from the specific interaction of the fluorescein-concanavalin A conjugate with the alpha-mannan present in the cell wall of this yeast.
AutoKWS: Keyword Spotting with Differentiable Architecture Search (2020)

Smart audio devices are gated by an always-on lightweight keyword spotting program to reduce power consumption. It is however challenging to design models that have both high accuracy and low latency for accurate and fast responsiveness. Many efforts have been made to develop end-to-end neural networks, in which depthwise separable convolutions, temporal convolutions, and LSTMs are adopted as building units. Nonetheless, these networks designed with human expertise may not achieve an optimal trade-off in an expansive search space. In this paper, we propose to leverage recent advances in differentiable neural architecture search to discover more efficient networks. Our searched model attains 97.2% top-1 accuracy on Google Speech Command Dataset v1 with only nearly 100K parameters.
A high-speed logic LSI using diffusion self-aligned enhancement depletion MOS IC (1975)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a diffusion self-aligned enhancement depletion (DSA-ED) MOS IC. It is shown that using DSA structure, a short channel MOST with effective submicron channel length can be realized even by standard photolithographic techniques. High-speed characteristics of a DSA MOST, high gain factors, and small drain junction capacitance are described. The advantage of an ED configuration is discussed. To evaluate the basic performance of the gate, 19-stage ring oscillators with various device sizes have been developed. In the ring oscillator design, the high gain factors of the DSA MOST are fully utilized to minimize the device size and upgrade the performance and packing density. A propagation delay time of 0.65 ns, a power dissipation of 0.15 mW, a power delay product of 0.10 pJ at the supply voltage 2 V, and a packing density of 510 gate/mm/SUP 2/ have been obtained by the single-level metal interconnections of 7 /spl mu/m details. A 4-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) has been developed with the same design principle and device size to obtain the 2.9 ns/gate, 0.71 mW/gate performance at the supply voltage of 5 V and 141 gates/mm/SUP 2/ packing density.
Single-well S-wave imaging using multicomponent dipole acoustic-log data (2009)

Abstract Single-well S-wave imaging has several attractive features because of its directional sensitivity and usefulness for fracture characterization. To provide a method for single-well acoustic imaging, we analyzed the effects of wave radiation, reflection, and borehole acoustic response on S-wave reflection measurements from a multicomponent dipole acoustic tool. A study of S-wave radiation from a dipole source and the wave's reflection from a formation boundary shows that the S-waves generated by a dipole source in a borehole have a wide radiation pattern that allows imaging of reflectors at various dip angles crossing the borehole. More importantly, the azimuthal variation of the S-waves, in connection with the multicomponent nature of a cross-dipole tool, can determine the strike of the reflector. We used our theoretical foundation for borehole S-wave imaging to formulate an inversion procedure for field data processing. Application to field data validates the theoretical results and demonstrates the advantages of S-wave imaging. Application to near-borehole fracture imaging clearly demonstrates S-wave azimuthal sensitivity to fracture orientation.
Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells, but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Produce IL-10 in Response to MyD88- and TRIF-Dependent TLR Signals, and TLR-Independent Signals (2006)

We have previously reported that mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) produce high levels of IL-12p70, whereas bone marrow-derived myeloid DC and splenic DC produce substantially lower levels of this cytokine when activated with the TLR-9 ligand CpG. We now show that in response to CpG stimulation, high levels of IL-10 are secreted by macrophages, intermediate levels by myeloid DC, but no detectable IL-10 is secreted by plasmacytoid DC. MyD88-dependent TLR signals (TLR4, 7, 9 ligation), Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-dependent TLR signals (TLR3, 4 ligation) as well as non-TLR signals (CD40 ligation) induced macrophages and myeloid DC to produce IL-10 in addition to proinflammatory cytokines. IL-12p70 expression in response to CpG was suppressed by endogenous IL-10 in macrophages, in myeloid DC, and to an even greater extent in splenic CD8alpha(-) and CD8alpha(+) DC. Although plasmacytoid DC did not produce IL-10 upon stimulation, addition of this cytokine exogenously suppressed their production of IL-12, TNF, and IFN-alpha, showing trans but not autocrine regulation of these cytokines by IL-10 in plasmacytoid DC.
Mechanism of Cleavage of Rabbit IgG in Two Stages by Soluble Papain and Reducing Agent (1968)

Summary The mechanism of an apparent two-stage cleavage of rabbit IgG by soluble papain and L-cysteine was investigated. In the absence of reducing agent papain had no detectable effect on the sedimentation velocity or precipitating activity of antibody. After treatment with iodoacetamide and gel filtration, in an effort to inactivate and remove papain, addition of reducing agent resulted in cleavage into univalent 3.5 S fragments. This was shown to be attributable to partial resistance of papain to alkylation, particularly in the presence of IgG, and to adherence of an appreciable quantity of the enzyme to IgG during gel filtration. The results are consistent with a mechanism in which papain acts through cleavage of the heavy chains, and in which the reducing agent activates the enzyme but does not necessarily act directly on the IgG molecule.
Antitumor effect of lysine-isopeptides (2002)

Isopeptides (ϵ-peptides) of lysine, with a given Mw and low polydispersity (10-400 units), were synthesized to study the relationship between their chemical structure and biological effect. The designed compounds were of high purity, low polydispersity and high stereochemical purity. The effect of the compounds was tested on a human erythroleukemia cell line (K-562) and on four transplantable mouse tumors (L1210 lymphoid leukemia, P38 macrophage derived tumor, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Lewis lung tumor /LLT/). In case of the L1210 and P388 tumors and the Ehrlich carcinoma, survival of the animals was used as an indicator of the effect. In case of the Lewis lung tumor, the number and size of metastases in the lung and/or liver of treated and untreated mice were used as indicators. The polymers of polymerisation degree 80-120 (Mw 10.2-15.4 KD) showed the strongest antiproliferative effect both on K562 cells and the tumors growing in vivo. This effect was manifest with a significantly higher survival rate as compared to the control (L1210, P38, Ehrlich ascites), furthermore, by a decrease in the number and size of liver and lung metastases (LLT).
<scp>EFNS</scp>/<scp>MDS</scp>‐<scp>ES</scp> recommendations for the diagnosis of <scp>P</scp>arkinson's disease (2012)

The diagnosis of PD is still largely based on the correct identification of its clinical features. Selected investigations (genetic, olfactory, and neuroimaging studies) have an ancillary role in confirming the diagnosis, and some of them could be possibly used in the near future to identify subjects in a pre-symptomatic phase of the disease.
Combination of Goldman Risk and Initial Cardiac Troponin I for Emergency Department Chest Pain Patient Risk Stratification (2001)

The combination of two risk stratification modalities for ED chest pain patients (Goldman risk < or =4% and cTnI < or =0.3 ng/mL) did not identify a subgroup of chest pain patients at <1% risk for death, AMI, or revascularization within 30 days.
Quantitative Doppler assessment of valvular regurgitation. (1993)

Quantitative Doppler can be performed in large numbers of patients in a clinical laboratory. Its potential limitation was identified as overestimation of mitral regurgitation, which is overcome with increased experience. Its achieved accuracy in mitral and aortic regurgitation allows measurement not only of regurgitant fraction but most importantly of regurgitant volume.
Comparison of CD composition produced by chimeric CGTases. (1990)

Using 12 chimeric cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) constructed from two genes, the CGTase gene from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain No. 38-2 (CGTase 38-2 gene) and the CGTase gene from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain No. 17-1 (CGTase 17-1 gene), we compared the effect of those chimeric enzymes on cyclodextrin (CD) production, especially on the composition of the CDs produced. It was found that the N-terminal and the C-terminal segments were important for CD production. Chimeric enzymes that contained the N-terminal and the C-terminal segments derived from CGTase 38-2 produced large amounts of CD, and especially a higher proportion of alpha-CD than those of other chimeric enzymes.
Finding representative and diverse community contributed images to create visual summaries of geographic areas (2011)

This paper presents an automatic approach that uses community-contributed images to create representative and diverse visual summaries of specific geographic areas. Complex relations between images, extracted visual features, text associated with the images as well as users and their social network are modeled using a multimodal graph. To compute affinities between nodes in the graph we rely on the proven concept of random walk with restarts. The novelty of our approach lies in its use of the multimodal graph to create a diverse, yet representative, image set. Further, we introduce an edge-weighting mechanism for the fusion of heterogeneous modalities. We evaluate our summaries with a new protocol that tests for representativeness and diversity using image geo-coordinates and is independent of the need for human evaluators. The experiments, performed on a set of Flickr images, demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Tailoring the Structure of Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes to Achieve Seawater RO Membrane Performance (2010)

Herein we report on the formation and characterization of pure polyamide thin film composite (TFC) and zeolite-polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Four different physical-chemical post-treatment combinations were applied after the interfacial polymerization reaction to change the molecular structure of polyamide and zeolite-polyamide thin films. Both TFC and TFN hand-cast membranes were more permeable, hydrophilic, and rough than a commercial seawater RO membrane. Salt rejection by TFN membranes was consistently below that of hand-cast TFC membranes; however, two TFN membranes exhibited 32 g/L NaCl rejections above 99.4%, which was better than the commercial membrane under the test conditions employed. The nearly defect-free TFN films that produced such high rejections were achieved only with wet curing, regardless of other post-treatments. Polyamide films formed in the presence of zeolite nanoparticles were less cross-linked than similarly cast pure polyamide films. At the very low nanoparticle loadings evaluated, differences between pure polyamide and zeolite-polyamide membrane water and salt permeability correlated weakly with extent of cross-linking of the polyamide film, which suggests that defects and molecular-sieving largely govern transport through zeolite-polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes.
Hierarchical Deep Temporal Models for Group Activity Recognition (2016)

In this paper we present an approach for classifying the activity performed by a group of people in a video sequence. This problem of group activity recognition can be addressed by examining individual person actions and their relations. Temporal dynamics exist both at the level of individual person actions as well as at the level of group activity. Given a video sequence as input, methods can be developed to capture these dynamics at both person-level and group-level detail. We build a deep model to capture these dynamics based on LSTM (long short-term memory) models. In order to model both person-level and group-level dynamics, we present a 2-stage deep temporal model for the group activity recognition problem. In our approach, one LSTM model is designed to represent action dynamics of individual people in a video sequence and another LSTM model is designed to aggregate person-level information for group activity recognition. We collected a new dataset consisting of volleyball videos labeled with individual and group activities in order to evaluate our method. Experimental results on this new Volleyball Dataset and the standard benchmark Collective Activity Dataset demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed models.
Wideband LNA Using Active Inductor With Multiple Feed-Forward Noise Reduction Paths (2012)

In this paper, an area-efficient LNA with on-chip input matching circuit utilizing an active inductor is presented. The active inductor is implemented based on the gyrator structure and its noise is improved by employing a feed-forward path (FFP). The overall low-noise performance of the LNA is achieved by cancelling the inductor noise through an additional FFP. It is shown that the proposed LNA circuit is capable of achieving low-noise performance with wideband tuning at the input in a small die area. A 0.32- to 1-GHz LNA has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The LNA occupies a die area of less than 0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured results show noise figure of 2.2-2.7 dB (2.2-2.4 dB for the UHF band), return loss of better than 10 dB (13 dB for the UHF band), and voltage gain of higher than 18 dB over the entire frequency band. The LNA draws 8.5 mA from a 1.8-V supply.
Development of antiviral agents for enteroviruses (2008)

Enteroviruses (EVs) are common human pathogens that are associated with numerous disease symptoms in many organ systems of the body. Although EV infections commonly cause mild or non-symptomatic illness, some of them are associated with severe diseases such as CNS complications. The current absence of effective vaccines for most viral infection and no available antiviral drugs for the treatment of EVs highlight the urgency and significance of developing antiviral agents. Several key steps in the viral life cycle are potential targets for blocking viral replication. This article reviews recent studies of antiviral developments for EVs based on various molecular targets that interrupt viral attachment, viral translation, polyprotein processing and RNA replication.
Neural network-based quality controllers for manufacturing systems (1997)

This paper demonstrates that neural networks can be used effectively for quality control of non-linear static time-variant processes where the process physics and mechanistic models are not well understood. The emphasis of the paper is on models for both identification and real-time process parameter design of manufacturing systems. Both multi-layer feed-forward perceptron networks and radial basis function networks have been used to monitor the process performance characteristics. An iterative inversion based approach for optimizing the process controllable parameters in the presence of noise variables is discussed. Simulation results reveal that the identification and parameter design schemes suggested are effective.