gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Ferrite Plus Bainite Plus Martensite (Triphase) Steel (1982)

The effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of multi-phase steels has been studied. The amount and nature of low temperature transformation products of the steels are changed through heat treatment and controlled cooling after hot rolling. Ferrite plus bainite steel has a superior stretch-flangeability and fatigue strength, and has an inferior strength-uniform elongation relationship when compared to ferrite plus martensite ("dual phase") steel.Introducing a small amount of martensite to ferrite plus bainite steel gives rise to a decrease in yield ratio and increase in work hardening rate. The microscopic examination shows that pearlite and martensite particles nucleate cracks easily and that the replacement of pearlite and martensite particles by more ductile bainite particles results in improved ductility and fatigue strength. The stretchflangeability of the triphase steel is also improved by decreasing martensite particle size. It is concluded that ferrite-bainite-martensite (triphase) steel may be preferred to ferrite-martensite steel in automobile applications.
A Novel Immunohistochemical Staining Method Allows Ultrarapid Detection of Lymph Node Micrometastases While Conserving Antibody (2011)

We developed a novel ultrarapid immunohistochemical staining method in which an AC electric field is used to facilitate detection of tumor cells. Frozen sections of non-small cell lung cancer in lymph nodes were fixed in acetone for 2 min, after which they were incubated for 2 min with an anti-pancytokeratin antibody cocktail and then with EnVision(TM) complex under an alternating current (AC) electric field. The sections were then incubated with a chromogen (3,3'diaminobenzidine) for 3 min and counterstained with hematoxylin. This method enabled detection of tumor cells in frozen sections in less than 15 min. In addition, we were able to reduce the amount of antibody used by more than 90% when the sections were incubated under the AC electric field for a longer period. This method could be a useful tool for frozen section diagnosis and research. Furthermore, with this method the cost of immunohistochemical staining can be reduced.
Biology of Isl1+ cardiac progenitor cells in development and disease. (2007)

The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1) marks a cell population which makes a substantial contribution to the embryonic heart. Isl1 expression is downregulated as soon as the cells adopt a differentiated phenotype, suggesting that this transcription factor delineates a cardiogenic progenitor cell population. Taking advantage of this developmental lineage marker, we have identified in the postnatal heart a novel cardiac cell type, which is capable of self-renewal and readily differentiates into mature cardiomyocytes. Utilization of embryonic stem (ES) cells that harbour knock-ins of reporter genes into the endogenous Isl1 locus will enable us to isolate Isl1+ cardiac progenitors from mouse and human ES cell systems during in vitro cardiogenesis. These genetic cell-based systems should allow the direct identification of signalling pathways which guide formation, renewal and diversification of Isl1+ cardiogenic progenitors into distinct heart cell lineages, and would complement in vitro studies in the mouse embryo during cardiac development.
Supplementary breaks and stretching exercises for data entry operators: A follow‐up field study (2007)

These results provide further converging evidence that supplementary breaks reliably minimize discomfort and eyestrain without impairing productivity. Low compliance in performing stretches prevented valid assessment of stretching effects. Further research on stretching exercises and exercise compliance is warranted.
Multielement Detection Systems for Spectrochemical Analysis (1990)

Principles of Optics and Radiometry. Principles of Diffraction. Spectrographs and Spectrometers. Dispersive Spectrometers That Use Masks. Principles of Interference. Introduction to Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Principles of Photographic Detection. Introduction to Photoelectronic Detection. Introduction to Image Detectors. Solid-State Image Detectors. Systems Approach to the Design of Instruments for Multielement Analysis. Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy. Survey of Transform Spectrometric Systems. Nontransform Detection Systems. References. Index.
Ceramic Colorants (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Classification 3. Pigment Structures 4. Colorant Systems 5. Industrial Production of Ceramic Pigments 6. Use of Ceramic Pigments in Glazes 7. Ceramic Glazes 8. Application Media 9. Quality Control
Knowledge discovery in database by Progol-design, implementation and its application to expert system building (1997)

In this paper, we introduce a framework for realizing Knowledge Discovery in Databases by utilizing Inductive Logic P r o g r a m m i n g (ILP) technology. We c o n c e n t r a t e on the following issues: (1) given a database and an inductive inference problem, how to design a target concept representation to be learned by the ILP system Progol, (2) how to identify necessary background knowledge (BK) and how to define predicates constituting the BK, and (3) how to restrict the Progol search space to a finite set. We succeeded in solving these issues by introducing an extended Entity Relationship model called the RER model to d e f i n e the d a t a b a s e . We d e v e l o p e d an experimental system called DB-Amp and strawed the feasibility of our approach.
E-C Mapping Model Based on Human Computer Interaction Interface of Complex System (2014)

User error may led to the task out of operation, system failure, and frequent accidents in human-computer interaction interface of complex system. To solve these problems, classification method and experimental method of error types summed up by our predecessors is probed; five error types of human computer interaction interface of complex system, which are concluding misperception, attention failure, perception confusion, memory lapse and slip are founded based on the standpoint of cognition. Each error type mapping is established after researching the relevance between user error and cognition, which proved interlaced mapping with error and cognition is existed. 18 groups of error-cognition are arrived through merged 5 error types in accordance with cognitive processing; E-C(error-cognition) mapping model is established on cognitive processing. A monitor task interface of aviation display of American F35 fighter, as a typical example of complex system, is extracted error factors and error types from its information display, and the mapping relationship appears from error factors, error types and information display styles. Furthermore, error-visual cognition model and error-attention model are established according to matching visual cognition and attention with E-C mapping model. This example confirms the validity of the study model about user error and interface cognition of complex system.
c<scp>DNA</scp> Libraries (1988)

This unit provides a basic description of issues that require careful consideration before undertaking construction of cDNA libraries. Topics include: generating a double-stranded DNA copy of the mRNA, the quality of the mRNA, the relative abundance of the clone of interest, the choice of screening method, the size of the library that will be necessary to include the clone of interest, and choices of linkers or adaptors for insertion into the vector.
In Vitro RNA Replication Directed by Replicase Complexes Isolated from the Subgenomic Replicon Cells of Hepatitis C Virus (2003)

Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in virus-infected cells is believed to be catalyzed by viral replicase complexes (RCs), which may consist of various virally encoded nonstructural proteins and host factors. In this study, we characterized the RC activity of a crude membrane fraction isolated from HCV subgenomic replicon cells. The RC preparation was able to use endogenous replicon RNA as a template to synthesize both single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA products. Divalent cations (Mg2+ and Mn2+) showed different effects on RNA synthesis. Mg2+ ions stimulated the synthesis of ss RNA but had little effect on the synthesis of ds RNA. In contrast, Mn2+ ions enhanced primarily the synthesis of ds RNA. Interestingly, ss RNA could be synthesized under certain conditions in the absence of ds RNA, and vice versa, suggesting that the ss and ds RNA were derived either from different forms of replicative intermediates or from different RCs. Pulse-chase analysis showed that radioactivity incorporated into the ss RNA was chased into the ds RNA and other larger RNA species. This observation indicated that the newly synthesized ss RNA could serve as a template for a further round of RNA synthesis. Finally, 3' deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were able to inhibit RNA synthesis in this cell-free system, presumably through chain termination, with 3' dGTP having the highest potency. Establishment of the replicase assay will facilitate the identification and evaluation of potential inhibitors that would act against the entire RC of HCV.
Dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and carboxylic acids with hydrosilanes catalyzed by a salen–Mn(<scp>v</scp>) complex (2016)

A manganese–salen complex is shown to be effective in catalyzing the dehydrogenative coupling of hydroxyl groups with hydrosilane.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modified to Express Interferon-β Inhibit the Growth of Prostate Cancer in a Mouse Model (2012)

Intravenously injected IFN-β-MSCs inhibited PC-3 xenograft growth. This could be an effective gene delivery system for treatment of solid human tumours.
Comprehensive algorithm for hydrothermal co-ordination (1997)

The authors present a comprehensive hydrothermal co-ordination algorithm where a new Lagrangian relaxation based hydrothermal co-ordination algorithm is integrated into an expert system. In this algorithm, the problem is decomposed into the scheduling of individual units by relaxing the demand and reserve requirements using Lagrangian multipliers. Dynamic programming is used for solving the thermal subproblems without discretising generation levels. Instead of solving the hydro subproblems independently as in the standard Lagrangian relaxation approach, hydrothermal scheduling is used to solve the output levels of hydro units. Hydrothermal scheduling uses the commitment status of thermal units obtained from the solutions of the thermal subproblems. The expert system takes care of constraints that are difficult or impractical for implementation in the Lagrangian relaxation based hydrothermal co-ordination algorithm, such as cycling of gas and steam turbine units, etc. It is also applied to check the feasibility of the solution. Extensive constraints such as power balance, spinning reserve, minimum up/down time, must run, capacity limits, ramp rate and hydro constraints are considered. Accurate transmission losses are incorporated. Nonlinear cost function is used, and the hydrothermal scheduling is implemented using a fast and efficient algorithm. Numerical results based on a practical utility data show that this new approach provides feasible schedules within a reasonable time.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine and Long-term Outcomes Among Patients With Resected Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN34802808.
Induction of differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. (1982)

The HL-60 human leukemic promyelocyte can be induced to mature into terminally differentiated cells using certain nucleosides and chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanisms responsible for this induction of differentiation, however, remain unclear. We have monitored the effects of two specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis to determine whether slowing of DNA polymerization can induce HL-60 differentiation. The results demonstrate that cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) induces nonspecific esterase activity in HL-60 cells and increases surface expression of the monocyte antigen MY-4. The results also demonstrate that aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase which is not incorporated in DNA, induces similar phenotypic changes. The induction of differentiation by both agents was accompanied by loss of clonogenic potential as monitored by colony formation in methylcellulose. These observations suggest that terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells can be induced by drugs known to inhibit DNA synthesis.
The Role of Recumbency in the Prevention and Treatment of Postspinal Headache (1974)

A total of 1134 postspinal patients were kept recumbent for periods of from 4 to 12 hours. The spinal headache rate was then computed, using a detailed 7-day followup of all hospitalized patients and a 10-day followup of patients discharged from the hospital before 7 days. The study demonstrated that there was no predictable pattern relating the time spent recumbent to the occurrence of postspinal headaches, but once headache occurs, recumbency aids in pain relief. It is recommended that early ambulation, as soon as motor function permits, results in better patient acceptance of spinal anesthesia.
Explicit construction of optimal constant-weight codes for identification via channels (1993)

The identification coding theorems of R. Ahlswede and G. Dueck (1981) have shown that for any nonzero probabilities of missed and false identification, it is possible to transmit exp(exp(nR)) messages with n uses of a noisy channel, where R is as close as desired to the Shannon capacity of the channel. That capability is achieved by the identification codes explicitly constructed with a three-layer concatenated constant-weight code used in conjunction with a channel transmission code of rate R.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An open middleware for large-scale networked virtual environments (2003)

This paper presents a 100% Java middleware that aims to offer an open and extensible foundation for building large-scale real-time networked virtual environment applications. This platform relies on a partial replication model in which the whole simulation space is spread on a federation of processes based on application-specific criteria. A configurable event communication framework allows arbitrary consistency and synchronization protocols to be implemented in close cooperation with the application semantics. This middleware has been experimented with success for multi-player game prototypes involving both human-driven and autonomous simulated entities.
Facile Photochemical Preparation of Amorphous Iridium Oxide Films for Water Oxidation Catalysis (2014)

Light-driven decomposition of Ir(acac)3 spin-cast on a conducting glass substrate produces a thin conformal film of amorphous iridium oxide, a-IrOx. The decomposition process, which was carried out under an ambient atmosphere at room temperature and tracked by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, appears to proceed by way of a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process. The amorphous nature of the films is based on the lack of any observable Bragg reflections by powder X-ray diffraction techniques; the elemental composition was corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The films are found to be excellent electrocatalysts for mediating the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, as evidenced by the onset of catalysis at 130 mV and a Tafel slope of 34 mV dec–1. These parameters enable current densities of 1 and 10 mA cm–2 to be reached at 190 and 220 mV, respectively. Exposing the films to higher temperatures (500 °C) renders a film of crystalline iridium oxide, c-IrOx, which displays a Tafel slope of 60 mV dec–1, thus requiring an additional 50 mV to reach a current density of 1 mA cm–2. The film of a-IrOx reported here is among the best OER electrocatalysts reported to date.
Transforming growth factor‐<i>β</i> stimulates Interleukin‐11 production by human periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts (2006)

These results suggest that PDL produce IL-11 in response to TGF-beta.
A Decentralized Observer for Electrical Power Systems: Implementation and Experimental Validation (2008)

In the last few years the growing in complexity of the electrical power networks, mainly due to the increased use of electronic converters together with the requirements of higher level of reliability and security, pushed the development of new techniques for the state estimation of the power systems. In this paper, the author focus their attention on the implementation and experimental validation of a decentralized observer for the state estimation in an electric ship, whose power network is characterized by fast dynamics and by the presence of many electronic devices. The proposed solution implements a Decentralized Information Filter(DIF).
Design of low-loss and highly birefringent hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (2006)

A practical hollow-core photonic crystal fiber design suitable for attaining low-loss propagation is analyzed. The geometry involves a number of localized elliptical features positioned on the glass ring that surrounds the air core and separates the core and cladding regions. The size of each feature is tuned so that the composite core-surround geometry is antiresonant within the cladding band gap, thus minimizing the guided mode field intensity both within the fiber material and at material/air interfaces. A birefringent design, which involves a 2-fold symmetric arrangement of the features on the core-surround ring, gives rise to wavelength ranges where the effective index difference between the polarization modes is larger than 10(-4). At such high birefringence levels, one of the polarization modes retains favorable field exclusion characteristics, thus enabling low-loss propagation of this polarization channel.
Biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity (2008)

The BI presented may be a useful tool to evaluate antiseptic agents for use in clinical practice.
Modeling Nitrous Oxide Production during Biological Nitrogen Removal via Nitrification and Denitrification: Extensions to the General ASM Models (2011)

Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) can be formed during biological nitrogen (N) removal processes. In this work, a mathematical model is developed that describes N(2)O production and consumption during activated sludge nitrification and denitrification. The well-known ASM process models are extended to capture N(2)O dynamics during both nitrification and denitrification in biological N removal. Six additional processes and three additional reactants, all involved in known biochemical reactions, have been added. The validity and applicability of the model is demonstrated by comparing simulations with experimental data on N(2)O production from four different mixed culture nitrification and denitrification reactor study reports. Modeling results confirm that hydroxylamine oxidation by ammonium oxidizers (AOB) occurs 10 times slower when NO(2)(-) participates as final electron acceptor compared to the oxic pathway. Among the four denitrification steps, the last one (N(2)O reduction to N(2)) seems to be inhibited first when O(2) is present. Overall, N(2)O production can account for 0.1-25% of the consumed N in different nitrification and denitrification systems, which can be well simulated by the proposed model. In conclusion, we provide a modeling structure, which adequately captures N(2)O dynamics in autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification driven biological N removal processes and which can form the basis for ongoing refinements.
Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis and its applications in OCD measurements (2009)

This article describes an Uncertainty & Sensitivity Analysis package, a mathematical tool that can be an effective time-shortcut for optimizing OCD models. By including real system noises in the model, an accurate method for predicting measurements uncertainties is shown. The assessment, in an early stage, of the uncertainties, sensitivities and correlations of the parameters to be measured drives the user in the optimization of the OCD measurement strategy. Real examples are discussed revealing common pitfalls like hidden correlations and simulation results are compared with real measurements. Special emphasis is given to 2 different cases: 1) the optimization of the data set of multi-head metrology tools (NI-OCD, SE-OCD), 2) the optimization of the azimuth measurement angle in SE-OCD. With the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis result, the right data set and measurement mode (NI-OCD, SE-OCD or NI+SE OCD) can be easily selected to achieve the best OCD model performance.
Recycling of Waste PET: Usage as Secondary Plasticizer for PVC (2005)

Abstract Postconsumer water bottle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes were depolymerized with ethylene glycol (EG) by the glycolysis reaction in the presence of zinc acetate as the catalyst. In the depolymerization reactions, different weight ratios of PET/EG were used. In order to obtain polyesters used as PVC plasticizers, these glycolysis products containing hydroxyl end groups were reacted with an adipic acid (AA)–containing diacid group at equivalent amounts. In order to obtain PVC plastisols, PVC was dispersed into a plasticizers' mixture composed of di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP) and polyester products by using a high-speed mixer (PVC/plasticizers, 65/35 w/w). For the preparation of plasticizer mixture polyester products were used at a weight ratio of 20%, 40%, 60% of DOP. Plasticized PVC sheets were prepared from plastisols and their glass transition temperatures (Tg), migration, and mechanical properties were determined. The results show that the polyester products obtained from glycolysis products of waste PET can be used as secondary plasticizers, with DOP for PVC.
Leishmania major Attenuates Host Immunity by Stimulating Local Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression (2011)

Inflammation stimulates immunity but can create immune privilege in some settings. Here, we show that cutaneous Leishmania major infection stimulated expression of the immune regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in local lymph nodes. Induced IDO attenuated the T cell stimulatory functions of dendritic cells and suppressed local T cell responses to exogenous and nominal parasite antigens. IDO ablation reduced local inflammation and parasite burdens, as did pharmacologic inhibition of IDO in mice with established infections. IDO ablation also enhanced local expression of proinflammatory cytokines and induced some CD4(+) T cells to express interleukin (IL) 17. These findings showed that IDO induced by L. major infection attenuated innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, IDO acts as a molecular switch regulating host responses, and IDO inhibitor drugs are a potential new approach to enhance host immunity to established leishmania infections.