gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning simulator for quantum-algorithm design (2013)

We propose a method for algorithm design assisted by machine learning. The method uses a quantum-classical hybrid simulator, where a quantum student is being taught by a teacher. In other words, in our method, the learning system is supposed to evolve into a algorithm for a given problem assisted by classical main-feedback system. Our method is applicable to design oracle-based algorithm. As a case study, we chose an oracle decision problem, called a Deutsch-Jozsa problem. We showed by using Monte-Carlo simulations that our simulator can faithfully learn algorithm to solve the problem for given oracle. Remarkably, learning time is proportional to the square root of the total number of parameters instead of the exponential dependance found in the classical machine learning based method.
Genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway enzymes as a possible marker for predicting the outcome of methotrexate therapy in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Patients with RA having RFC 80A and GGH-401T alleles were less responsive to MTX than those with RFC 80A and without GGH-401T alleles. Thus, this data may be useful for guiding treatment of RA patients with MTX.
Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors: Expression Profiling Evidences a Role for AKT-mTOR Pathway (2009)

Our results strongly support a role for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in PET, which ties in with the fact that mTOR inhibitors have reached phase III trials in neuroendocrine tumors. The finding of differential SSTR expression raises the potential for SSTR expression to be evaluated as a marker of response to somatostatin analogs. Finally, we identified FGF13 as a new prognostic marker that predicted poorer outcome in patients who were clinically considered free from disease.
A Computational Study of the Interfacial Structure and Capacitance of Graphene in [BMIM][PF<sub>6</sub>] Ionic Liquid (2012)

A combination of graphene-like electrodes and ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes has emerged as a viable and attractive choice for electrochemical double layer (EDL) capacitors. Based on combined classical molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations, we present the interfacial capacitance between planar graphene and [BMIM][PF6] IL, with particular attention to the relative contributions of the electric double layer capacitance at the graphene/IL interface and the quantum capacitance of graphene. The microstructure of [BMIM][PF6] near the graphene electrode with varying charge densities are investigated to provide a molecular description of EDLs, including BMIM/PF6 packing and orientation, cation-anion segregation, and electrode charge screening. Although the IL interfacial structures exhibit an alternative cation/anion layering extending a few nanometers, the calculated potential profiles provide evidence of one-ion thick compact EDL formation. The capacitance-potential curve of the EDL is convex- or bell-shaped, whereas the quantum capacitance of graphene is found to have concave- or U-shaped characteristics with a minimum of nearly zero. Consequently, we find that the total interfacial capacitance exhibits a U-shaped trend, consistent with existing experimental observations at a typical carbon/IL interface. Our work highlights the importance of the quantum capacitance in the overall performance of graphene-based EDL capacitors.
SnO<sub>2</sub> Anode Surface Passivation by Atomic Layer Deposited HfO<sub>2</sub> Improves Li‐Ion Battery Performance (2014)

For the first time, it is demonstrated that nanoscale HfO2 surface passivation layers formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) significantly improve the performance of Li ion batteries with SnO2 -based anodes. Specifically, the measured battery capacity at a current density of 150 mAg(-1) after 100 cycles is 548 and 853 mAhg(-1) for the uncoated and HfO2 -coated anodes, respectively. Material analysis reveals that the HfO2 layers are amorphous in nature and conformably coat the SnO2 -based anodes. In addition, the analysis reveals that ALD HfO2 not only protects the SnO2 -based anodes from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte and buffers its volume change, but also chemically interacts with the SnO2 anodes to increase battery capacity, despite the fact that HfO2 is itself electrochemically inactive. The amorphous nature of HfO2 is an important factor in explaining its behavior, as it still allows sufficient Li diffusion for an efficient anode lithiation/delithiation process to occur, leading to higher battery capacity.
A novel ultra low-leakage switch for switched capacitor circuits (2009)

The voltage drop rate in switched capacitor circuits is typically limited by OFF state of switch. Past low-leakage switch designs have assumed that subthreshold conduction and drain-to-bulk diode leakage dominate over other leakage sources. However, recent researches revealed a third important mechanism, accumulation-mode source-drain coupling, which can contribute significant leakage. This paper presents a novel switch, which minimizes the overall effect of these three leakage sources. Therefore, it is proper for high-accuracy switched-capacitor circuit applications. This switch has been simulated in 0.35-μm CMOS technology. At 3.3-V power supply, 22.07-pW total power consumption and 337-aA maximum leakage current were obtained.
Bay level IED modeling and realizing using IEC 61850 (2008)

Interoperability is the most important objective of IEC 61850. Model design and realization are critical steps to implement IEC 61850 and achieve interoperability. Based on analysis of interoperability support, a universal design method of IED model is given, and problems of bay level IED model realization are analyzed. Bay level IED is embedded system, and its information models are usually realized in the form of data structures. Several existing data structures are analyzed with the view point of interoperability. And a new data structure named as ASCI-FC-Data Structure is designed. Unlike other data structure, it includes FCs (Functional Constraints), and shows the true hierarchical structure of information model at the same time, which makes it better to support interoperability. Then data store structure making use of binary chain list is given with examples to prove the advantages of it in object locating and traversing. A method of FC filtering for ASCI-FC-Data Structure stored in binary chain list is also given to show the advantages of this data structure.
66. Studies in relation to biosynthesis. Part XIII. Griseofulvin (1958)

A. J. Birch, R. A. Massy-Westropp, R. W. Rickards and H. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 360 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580000360
Climate-Forced Variability of Ocean Hypoxia (2011)

Oxygen (O(2)) is a critical constraint on marine ecosystems. As oceanic O(2) falls to hypoxic concentrations, habitability for aerobic organisms decreases rapidly. We show that the spatial extent of hypoxia is highly sensitive to small changes in the ocean's O(2) content, with maximum responses at suboxic concentrations where anaerobic metabolisms predominate. In model-based reconstructions of historical oxygen changes, the world's largest suboxic zone, in the Pacific Ocean, varies in size by a factor of 2. This is attributable to climate-driven changes in the depth of the tropical and subtropical thermocline that have multiplicative effects on respiration rates in low-O(2) water. The same mechanism yields even larger fluctuations in the rate of nitrogen removal by denitrification, creating a link between decadal climate oscillations and the nutrient limitation of marine photosynthesis.
Function of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 gD Mutants with Different Receptor-Binding Affinities in Virus Entry and Fusion (2003)

We have studied the receptor-specific function of four linker-insertion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gD) representing each of the functional regions of gD. We used biosensor analysis to measure binding of the gD mutants to the receptors HVEM (HveA) and nectin-1 (HveC). One of the mutants, gD(inverted Delta 34t), failed to bind HVEMt but showed essentially wild-type (WT) affinity for nectin-1t. The receptor-binding kinetics and affinities of the other three gD mutants varied over a 1,000-fold range, but each mutant had the same affinity for both receptors. All of the mutants were functionally impaired in virus entry and cell fusion, and the levels of activity were strikingly similar in these two assays. gD(inverted Delta 34)-containing virus was defective on HVEM-expressing cells but did enter nectin-1-expressing cells to about 60% of WT levels. This showed that the defect of this form of gD on HVEM-expressing cells was primarily one of binding and that this was separable from its later function in virus entry. gD(inverted Delta 243t) showed WT binding affinity for both receptors, but virus containing this form of gD had a markedly reduced rate of entry, suggesting that gD(inverted Delta 243) is impaired in a postbinding step in the entry process. There was no correlation between gD mutant activity in fusion or virus entry and receptor-binding affinity. We conclude that gD functions in virus entry and cell fusion regardless of its receptor-binding kinetics and that as long as binding to a functional receptor occurs, entry will progress.
Centralized immunogens as a vaccine strategy to overcome HIV-1 diversity (2004)

Genetic variation of HIV-1 represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. With the amino acid sequence divergence as high as 30% in envelopes between different subtypes among HIV-1 group M viruses, it is unlikely that cross-subtype protection will occur equally well among all subtypes. Computer programs have been used to generate 'centralized' HIV gene sequences: consensus, ancestor or center of the tree. These sequences can decrease the genetic distances between the 'centralized' and wild-type gene immunogens to half of those between any wild-type immuongens to each other. Recent studies demonstrated that an artificial group M consensus env gene is equidistant from any subtype and recombinants. It is biologically functional and preserves antigenicity similar to contemporary Env proteins. Most importantly, the group M consensus Env immunogen can elicit both T- and B-cell responses to wild-type HIV-1 isolates.
A comparison of ARMS and DNA sequencing for mutation analysis in clinical biopsy samples (2010)

ARMS was more sensitive and robust at detecting defined somatic mutations than DNA sequencing on clinical samples where the predominant sample type was FF-PET.
Inferring tracklets for multi-object tracking (2011)

Recent work on multi-object tracking has shown the promise of tracklet-based methods. In this work we present a method which infers tracklets then groups them into tracks. It overcomes some of the disadvantages of existing methods, such as the use of heuristics or non-realistic constraints. The main idea is to formulate the data association problem as inference in a set of Bayesian networks. This avoids exhaustive evaluation of data association hypotheses, provides a confidence estimate of the solution, and handles split-merge observations. Consistency of motion and appearance is the driving force behind finding the MAP data association estimate. The computed tracklets are then used in a complete multi-object tracking algorithm, which is evaluated on a vehicle tracking task in an aerial surveillance context. Very good performance is achieved on challenging video sequences. Track fragmentation is nearly non-existent, and false alarm rates are low.
A service-oriented hybrid access network and clouds architecture (2015)

Many telecom operators are deploying their own cloud infrastructure with the two-fold objective of providing cloud services to their customers and enabling network function virtualization. In this article we present an architecture we call SHINE, which focuses on orchestrating cloud with heterogeneous access and core networks. In this architecture intra and inter DC connectivity is dynamically controlled, maximizing the overall performance in terms of throughput and latency while minimizing total costs. The main building blocks are: a future-proof network architecture that can scale to offer potentially unlimited bandwidth based on an active remote node (ARN) to interface end-users and the core network; an innovative distributed DC architecture consisting of micro-DCs placed in selected core locations to accelerate content delivery, reducing core network traffic, and ensuring very low latency; and dynamic orchestration of the distributed DC and access and core network segments. SHINE will provide unprecedented quality of experience, greatly reducing costs by coordinating network and cloud and facilitating service chaining by virtualizing network functions.
Programmable lithography engine (ProLE) grid-type supercomputer and its applications (2003)

There are many variables that can affect lithographic dependent device yield. Because of this, it is not enough to make optical proximity corrections (OPC) based on the mask type, wavelength, lens, illumination-type and coherence. Resist chemistry and physics along with substrate, exposure, and all post-exposure processing must be considered too. Only a holistic approach to finding imaging solutions will accelerate yield and maximize performance. Since experiments are too costly in both time and money, accomplishing this takes massive amounts of accurate simulation capability. Our solution is to create a workbench that has a set of advanced user applications that utilize best-in-class simulator engines for solving litho-related DFM problems using distributive computing. Our product, ProLE (Programmable Lithography Engine), is an integrated system that combines Petersen Advanced Lithography Inc.’s (PAL’s) proprietary applications and cluster management software wrapped around commercial software engines, along with optional commercial hardware and software. It uses the most rigorous lithography simulation engines to solve deep sub-wavelength imaging problems accurately and at speeds that are several orders of magnitude faster than current methods. Specifically, ProLE uses full vector thin-mask aerial image models or when needed, full across source 3D electromagnetic field simulation to make accurate aerial image predictions along with calibrated resist models;. The ProLE workstation from Petersen Advanced Lithography, Inc., is the first commercial product that makes it possible to do these intensive calculations at a fraction of a time previously available thus significantly reducing time to market for advance technology devices. In this work, ProLE is introduced, through model comparison to show why vector imaging and rigorous resist models work better than other less rigorous models, then some applications of that use our distributive computing solution are shown. Topics covered describe why ProLE solutions are needed from an economic and technical aspect, a high level discussion of how the distributive system works, speed benchmarking, and finally, a brief survey of applications including advanced aberrations for lens sensitivity and flare studies, optical-proximity-correction for a bitcell and an application that will allow evaluation of the potential of a design to have systematic failures during fabrication.
Spatially-aware or Spatially-agnostic? (2015)

Cross-device interaction between multiple mobile devices is a popular field of research in HCI. However, the appropriate design of this interaction is still an open question, with competing approaches such as spatially-aware vs. spatially-agnostic techniques. In this paper, we present the results of a two-phase user study that explores this design space: In phase 1, we elicited gestures for typical mobile cross-device tasks from 4 focus groups (N=17). The results show that 71% of the elicited gestures were spatially-aware and that participants strongly associated cross-device tasks with interacting and thinking in space. In phase 2, we implemented one spatially-agnostic and two spatially-aware techniques from phase 1 and compared them in a controlled experiment (N=12). The results indicate that spatially-aware techniques are preferred by users and can decrease mental demand, effort, and frustration, but only when they are designed with great care. We conclude with a summary of findings to inform the design of future cross-device interactions.
Strain relief in epitaxial fluoride buffer layers for semiconductor heteroepitaxy (1986)

Strain in epitaxial BaF2 layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on CaF2 covered Si is found to be completely relieved at room temperature in films thicker than ∼250 nm, despite a large lattice and thermal expansion mismatch. In thinner films, planar tensile strain up to 5×10−3 is observed. Partial or complete strain relief occurs during temperature cycling near room temperature, and even if further layers are grown on top of the BaF2 film. This suggests that such films may be of use as buffers to relieve stresses in heteroepitaxial semiconductor-on-semiconductor structures.
NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a membrane-bound enzyme (1992)

Measurements of the deaminating activity of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 8602 (PAC 1) showed an initially constant rate that gave way to a 3.5-fold increased rate on prolonged incubation. Only the faster rate was observed when assay mixtures were preflushed with nitrogen or were treated with the detergent Triton X-100. Comparison of the intracellular distribution of NAD-GDH with marker enzymes showed it to be associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The results suggest that NAD-GDH may be linked to oxygen through an electron-transport system.
DeepFaceLab: Integrated, flexible and extensible face-swapping framework (2020)

Deepfake defense not only requires the research of detection but also requires the efforts of generation methods. However, current deepfake methods suffer the effects of obscure workflow and poor performance. To solve this problem, we present DeepFaceLab, the current dominant deepfake framework for face-swapping. It provides the necessary tools as well as an easy-to-use way to conduct high-quality face-swapping. It also offers a flexible and loose coupling structure for people who need to strengthen their pipeline with other features without writing complicated boilerplate code. We detail the principles that drive the implementation of DeepFaceLab and introduce its pipeline, through which every aspect of the pipeline can be modified painlessly by users to achieve their customization purpose. It is noteworthy that DeepFaceLab could achieve cinema-quality results with high fidelity. We demonstrate the advantage of our system by comparing our approach with other face-swapping methods.For more information, please visit:https://github.com/iperov/DeepFaceLab/.
Voltage-regulated power supplies (1947)

Basic design considerations are analyzed for power supplies with unusually low internal impedance and low output ripple, an aspect of the larger subject of voltage-regulated supplies which the author believes has been lacking clarification.
Blood and Guts and HIV: Preferential HIV Persistence in GI Mucosa (2008)

Twelve years after the introduction of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection, it remains unclear whether suppressive ART that drives plasma viral RNA below 50 copies/mL also results in complete inhibition of HIV replication. The issue is not merely of academic interest; resolving this controversy could help guide future strategies aimed at eradicating HIV and inform novel management approaches such as induction-maintenance. In this issue of
Nanoparticle-Stabilized Supercritical CO2 Foams for Potential Mobility Control Applications (2010)

Abstract Surfactant-stabilized CO2 foams have been used for mobility control for CO2 flooding; however, stabilization of foams with nanoparticles has some important advantages for EOR applications. Bringing the nanoparticles to the bubble interface requires a large adsorption energy, making the resulting foam very stable. Nanoparticles being solid, the nanoparticle-stabilized foams have potential to withstand the high-temperature reservoir conditions for extended periods. With their very small size, nanoparticles (and foam bubbles stabilized by them) can be transported without straining in pore throats in the reservoir rock. Very stable supercritical CO2-in-water foams were generated with 5-nm silica nanoparticles whose surface was treated with short-chain polyethylene-glycol. The foams were generated by co-injecting CO2 and an aqueous dispersion of the nanoparticles through a glass-beads pack, at mixture flow rates that correspond to shear rates of ~1300 s-1. The domain of foam stability and the normalized mixture viscosity have been measured for a range of values of nanoparticle concentration, water salinity, ratio of CO2/water flow rates, the overall flow rate and temperature. With deionized water, stable foams formed at nanoparticle concentrations as low as 0.05 wt%. Larger particle concentrations were required to maintain foam stability at larger salinities, e.g., 0.5 wt% particle concentration for 4% NaCl brine. Foam stability was independent of CO2/water volume ratio for ratios between two and eleven, but the normalized mixture viscosity increased with the increase in ratio. When foam was generated, it had two to eighteen times more resistance to flow than the same fluids without nanoparticles. Foams were generated at temperatures up to 95 °C. Foam generation by co-injection of the fluids appears to require a threshold shear rate.
Synthesis of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) without diol poly(ethylene glycol) (2007)

Abstract Since monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) inevitably contains diol PEG and is difficult to get high molecular weight through traditional synthesis at high temperature under high pressure, a novel synthetic technique via anionic solution polymerization was reported in this study. With a new initiating system, potassium naphthalene and methanol, was introduced, the polymerization proceeded at ambient temperature and side reactions were well restrained. Furthermore, a slight excess of potassium naphthalene can effectively remove the trace of water and oxygen in the reaction system. Under this condition, mPEG was nearly quantitatively obtained without containing diol PEG. Its Mn ranged from 1 to 30 kDa and the polydispersity was kept lower than 1.07. Characterization of the mPEG obtained was carried out using GPC to determine the content of diol PEG and 1 H‐NMR and MALDI‐ToF MS spectroscopic analysis to confirm the exact structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Recent developments in scanning acoustic microscopy (1982)

The operating principles of the Quate-Lemons scanning acoustic microscope and some recent developments in the detection and interpretation of acoustic images are reviewed. In particular the measurement of elastic constants using the microscope, which may ultimately provide a new high resolution technique for material characterization, is demonstrated.