gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pregnenolone biosynthesis in C6-2B glioma cell mitochondria: regulation by a mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptor. (1992)

The C6-2B glioma cell line, rich in mitochondrial receptors that bind with high affinity to benzodiazepines, imidazopyridines, and isoquinolinecarboxamides (previously called peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors), was investigated as a model to study the significance of the polypeptide diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) and the putative DBI processing products on mitochondrial receptor-regulated steroidogenesis. DBI and its naturally occurring fragments have been found to be present in high concentrations in C6-2B glioma cells, to compete against specific isoquinolinecarboxamide or 4'-chlorodiazepam binding to mitochondrial recognition sites with high affinity, and to stimulate mitochondrial pregnenolone formation. These data suggest that this cell type may express both the receptor and the putative agonist ligand to regulate steroidogenesis. Therefore, we propose to term this mitochondrial receptor MDR (mitochondrial DBI receptor) to indicate its responsiveness to DBI in steroid biosynthesis. In the present work, we show that mitochondria of C6-2B cells convert (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol to pregnenolone by a mechanism blocked by aminoglutethimide. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of relatively high levels of cytochrome P-450 cholesterol side-chain-cleavage enzyme in C6-2B cell mitochondria. Furthermore, isoquinolinecarboxamide binding sites associated with the 18-kDa mitochondrial polypeptide subunit of the MDR are abundant in C6-2B glioma cell mitochondria (Bmax approximately 30 pmol/mg protein) and are coupled to the regulation of steroid biosynthesis. Occupancy of MDRs with nanomolar concentrations of the naturally occurring polypeptide, DBI, as well as its naturally occurring processing product tetratriacontaneuropeptide [DBI-(17-50)] increases pregnenolone formation. Clonazepam and octadecaneuropeptide [DBI-(33-50)], which exhibit a higher affinity for gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors but a low affinity for MDR, were ineffective in stimulating pregnenolone synthesis. These findings provide evidence that C6-2B cells exhibit a significant steroidogenic activity which resembles that found in peripheral endocrine organs and they suggest that MDRs and DBI are involved in the regulation of glial cell steroidogenesis.
Aqueous lanthanide shift reagents. 4. Interaction of praseodymium(3+), neodymium(3+), and europium(3+) ions with xylitol. Origin of induced shifts in polyols (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous lanthanide shift reagents. 4. Interaction of praseodymium(3+), neodymium(3+), and europium(3+) ions with xylitol. Origin of induced shifts in polyolsJacques ReubenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 6, 1765–1768Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00448a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00448a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emotionally motivated reinforcement learning based controller (2005)

There have been several attempts to model emotions in autonomous agents and robotics. The use of emotions in conjunction with reinforcement learning in particular has attracted attention since both notions are borrowed analogies from psychology. The work presented here is an approach to robot control based on modeling emotions within reinforcement learning algorithm. The main contribution of this paper is the use of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) to facilitate the modeling of emotions and inferencing for action selection. This approach does not use feeling estimation; instead a direct link between sensory data and emotions is used for emotional estimation. An emotion based reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed for action selection in robotic control
Protractor (2010)

Protractor is a novel gesture recognizer that can be easily implemented and quickly customized for different users. Protractor uses a nearest neighbor approach, which recognizes an unknown gesture based on its similarity to each of the known gestures, e.g., training samples or examples given by a user. In particular, it employs a novel method to measure the similarity between gestures, by calculating a minimum angular distance between them with a closed-form solution. As a result, Protractor is more accurate, naturally covers more gesture variation, runs significantly faster and uses much less memory than its peers. This makes Protractor suitable for mobile computing, which is limited in processing power and memory. An evaluation on both a previously published gesture data set and a newly collected gesture data set indicates that Protractor outperforms its peers in many aspects.
A modified EVRC algorithm for enhanced noise suppression and increased robustness (2011)

This paper intends to analyze the performance of the widely used Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC) algorithm for suppressing background noise in speech Signals and propose a method for improving the current noise suppression capability of the algorithm. Firstly, the current EVRC algorithm is implemented on the TMS320C6713 based DSK in order to verify the algorithm and also to validate the real time performance of it. Then, based on the results and further analysis of the algorithm, a modification to the EVRC algorithm is proposed, which further improves the performance of it tremendously. This increase in performance of the proposed modified algorithm is ascertained by implementing the same on the DSK and obtaining relevant results.
Histogramic in-motion mapping for mobile robot obstacle avoidance (1991)

Histogramic in-motion mapping (HIMM) is introduced as a new method for real-time map building with a mobile robot motion. HIMM represents data in a two-dimensional array, called a histogram grid, that is updated through rapid in-motion sampling of on-board range sensors. Rapid in-motion sampling results in a map representation that is well-suited to modeling inaccurate and noisy range-sensor data, such as those produced by ultrasonic sensors, and requires minimal computational overhead. Fast map building allows the robot to use immediately the mapped information in real-time obstacle-avoidance algorithms. The benefits of this integrated approach are quick, accurate mapping and safe navigation of the robot toward a given target. HIMM has been implemented and tested on a mobile robot. Its dual functionality was demonstrated through numerous tests in which maps of unknown obstacle courses were created, while the robot simultaneously performed real-time obstacle avoidance maneuvers at speeds of up to 0.78 m/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abstract 5158: Generation of a fully human Gas6 neutralizing antibody with anti-tumor activity <i>in vivo</i>. (2013)

Abstract Growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin-K dependent protein that is involved in the regulation of a wide array of cellular activities, including adhesion, migration, immune evasion, and apoptosis. Gas6 as well as its receptors Axl, Mer, and Tyro3 are highly expressed in multiple malignancies suggesting that signaling through this axis may be tumor promoting in human disease. A strategy was devised to generate fully human neutralizing antibodies against Gas6 using XenoMouse technology. Hybridoma supernatants were first screened for their ability to bind Gas6, then for their ability to inhibit Gas6 binding to the Axl receptor and block Gas6-induced Axl phosphorylation in human cells. Two purified antibodies isolated from the screened hybridomas, 1D9.1 and 1G9.1, maintained potency in all 3 assays and also inhibited Gas6-induced cellular migration and proliferation. In the scratch wound migration assay, the antibodies inhibited both basal and Gas6-induced wound closure to a greater extent than the soluble extracellular domain of the receptor Axl (Axl- Fc). In the proliferation assay, the antibody 1D9.1 completely inhibited Gas6-induced proliferation with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.15nM. In vivo characterization of one of the antibodies, 1D9.1, was conducted using a pharmacodynamic (PD) assay that measured the ability of the antibody to inhibit Gas6-induced Akt activation in the mouse spleen. Treatment of mice with a single dose (100-1000 μg) of 1D9.1 led to greater than 90% inhibition of Gas6-induced phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) for up to 72 hours. Based on the target coverage observed in the PD assay, we tested the efficacy of 1D9.1 against Panc-1 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts implanted in athymic nu/nu female mice. At doses of 50 and 150 μg, twice weekly, the Gas6 neutralizing antibody 1D9.1 was able to inhibit 55% and 76% of tumor growth, respectively. (p&lt;0.001 for both treatments vs. control Ig). When combined with gemcitabine, 1D9.1 was able to inhibit tumor growth to a greater extent than either agent alone (p&lt;0.001 vs. either monotherapy). Together, the data suggest that Gas6 neutralization should be further explored as a potential strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Gordon E. Moody, Brian Belmontes, Chadwick King, Shuying Liu, Stephanie Masterman, Chris Murawsky, Trace Tsuruda, Wei Wang, Robert Radinsky, Pedro J. Beltran. Generation of a fully human Gas6 neutralizing antibody with anti-tumor activity in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5158. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5158
A mechanism of covalent substrate binding in the x-ray structure of subunit K of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> dihydroxyacetone kinase (2003)

Dihydroxyacetone (Dha) kinases are homologous proteins that use different phosphoryl donors, a multiphosphoryl protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system in bacteria, ATP in animals, plants, and some bacteria. The Dha kinase of Escherichia coli consists of three subunits, DhaK and DhaL, which are colinear to the ATP-dependent Dha kinases of eukaryotes, and the multiphosphoryl protein DhaM. Here we show the crystal structure of the DhaK subunit in complex with Dha at 1.75 A resolution. DhaK is a homodimer with a fold consisting of two six-stranded mixed beta-sheets surrounded by nine alpha-helices and a beta-ribbon covering the exposed edge strand of one sheet. The core of the N-terminal domain has an alpha/beta fold common to subunits of carbohydrate transporters and transcription regulators of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system. The core of the C-terminal domain has a fold similar to the C-terminal domain of the cell-division protein FtsZ. A molecule of Dha is covalently bound in hemiaminal linkage to the N epsilon 2 of His-230. The hemiaminal does not participate in covalent catalysis but is the chemical basis for discrimination between short-chain carbonyl compounds and polyols. Paralogs of Dha kinases occur in association with transcription regulators of the TetR/QacR and the SorC families, pointing to their biological role as sensors in signaling.
The Crystal Structure of<i>Bacillus cereus</i>Phosphonoacetaldehyde Hydrolase:  Insight into Catalysis of Phosphorus Bond Cleavage and Catalytic Diversification within the HAD Enzyme Superfamily<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphonoacetaldehyde to acetaldehyde and phosphate using Mg(II) as cofactor. The reaction proceeds via a novel bicovalent catalytic mechanism in which an active-site nucleophile abstracts the phosphoryl group from the Schiff-base intermediate formed from Lys53 and phosphonoacetaldehyde. In this study, the X-ray crystal structure of the Bacillus cereus phosphonatase homodimer complexed with the phosphate (product) analogue tungstate (K(i) = 50 microM) and the Mg(II) cofactor was determined to 3.0 A resolution with an R(cryst) = 0.248 and R(free) = 0.284. Each monomer is made up of an alpha/beta core domain consisting of a centrally located six-stranded parallel beta-sheet surrounded by six alpha-helices. Two flexible, solvated linkers connect to a small cap domain (residues 21-99) that consists of an antiparallel, five-helix bundle. The subunit-subunit interface, formed by the symmetrical packing of the two alpha8 helices from the respective core domains, is stabilized through the hydrophobic effect derived from the desolvation of paired Met171, Trp164, Tyr162, Tyr167, and Tyr176 side chains. The active site is located at the domain-domain interface of each subunit. The Schiff base forming Lys53 is positioned on the cap domain while tungstate and Mg(II) are bound to the core domain. Mg(II) ligands include two oxygens of the tungstate ligand, one oxygen of the carboxylates of Asp12 and Asp186, the backbone carbonyl oxygen of Ala14, and a water that forms a hydrogen bond with the carboxylate of Asp190 and Thr187. The guanidinium group of Arg160 binds tungstate and the proposed nucleophile Asp12, which is suitably positioned for in-line attack at the tungsten atom. The side chains of the core domain residue Tyr128 and the cap domain residues Cys22 and Lys53 are located nearby. The identity of Asp12 as the active-site nucleophile was further evidenced by the observed removal of catalytic activity resulting from Asp12Ala substitution. The similarity of backbone folds observed in phosphonatase and the 2-haloacid dehalogenase of the HAD enzyme superfamily indicated common ancestry. Superposition of the two structures revealed a conserved active-site scaffold having distinct catalytic stations. Analysis of the usage of polar amino acid residues at these stations by the dehalogenases, phosphonatases, phosphatases, and phosphomutases of the HAD superfamily suggests possible ways in which the active site of an ancient enzyme ancestor might have been diversified for catalysis of C-X, P-C, and P-O bond cleavage reactions.
GRAPE-2A: a special purpose computer for simulations of many-body systems with arbitrary central force (1992)

The authors are developing GRAPE-2A which is a back-end processor to accelerate the simulations of many-body systems such as stellar clusters and systems of molecules. GRAPE-2A calculates forces exerted on one particle from all other particles. The host computer, connected to GRAPE-2A through a VME bus, performs other calculations such as time integration. In the simulation of many-body systems, almost all computation time is consumed in the calculation of forces between particles, i.e. gravitational, Coulomb, and van der Waals forces. GRAPE-2A can calculate the forces with an arbitrary functional form using a hardwired pipeline. The host computer can set the functional form of the force by sending the interpolation data to GRAPE-2A. The computational speed of GRAPE-2A is 300 MFLOPS. Aiming at a speed of 1 TFLOPS, the authors are planning to develop a GRAPE system in which many GRAPE pipelines work in parallel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional Model of Metabolite Gating by Human Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2 (2011)

Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are critical regulators of outer mitochondrial membrane permeability in eukaryotic cells. VDACs have also been postulated to regulate cell death mechanisms. Erastin, a small molecule quinazolinone that is selectively lethal to tumor cells expressing mutant RAS, has previously been reported as a ligand for hVDAC2. While significant efforts have been made to elucidate the structure and function of hVDAC1, structural and functional characterization of hVDAC2 remains lacking. Here, we present an in vitro system that provides a platform for both functional and structural investigation of hVDAC2 and its small molecule modulator, erastin. Using this system, we found that erastin increases permeability of VDAC2 liposomes to NADH in a manner that requires the amino-terminal region of VDAC2. Furthermore, we confirmed that this VDAC2-lipsome sample is folded using solid-state NMR.
Supramolecular structures formed from hydrogen-bonded networks of 5-alkoxyisophthalic acid (1994)

A molecular model based on 5-alkoxyisophthalic acid and bifunctional aromatic bases for developing supramolecular structures is described; the molecular self-assembly of the title compounds in the crystal lattice and its modification with added diamines is characterised by single crystal analyses.
Layer-by-Layer Building up of Redox Phospholipid Polymer Hydrogel Electrode for Biosensor (2011)

The 3-dimensional hydrogel structure consisted of phospholipid polymer with electron mediator integrates the advantages of loading higher density enzyme and preventing biofouling as biosensor electrode. A layer-by-layer (LBL) building up process of redox polymer hydrogel electrode based on two water-soluble polymers is carried out in this study. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co–n-butyl methacrylate-co-p-vinylphenylboronic acid-co-vinylferrocene) was synthesized as redox phospholipid polymer through radical polymerization. The LBL hydrogel film was formed on Au electrode pretreated with alkyl mercaptan and a photoreactive polymer, by immersing the electrode into PMBVF and poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution alternately. The formation of swelling hydrophilic film was validated by atomic force microscope and contact angle measurement. The thickness of polymer layer increased linearly with the number of the LBL cycles. And cyclic voltammetry was employed to characterize the electrochemical property of the hydrogel multilayer. The characteristics were depended on the ratio of ferrocene units in the polymer, as well as the number of bilayers. The results can make developing well-defined interface for the amperometric biosensors.
Irrigation Scheduling Using Crop Canopy-Air Temperature Difference (1982)

ABSTRACT AN irrigation scheduling model was developed using crop canopy-air temperature difference as the dependent variable and net radiation, relative humidity and available soil water as independent variables. This model was used to schedule irrigations on a corn crop during the 1980 growing season. Crop yield and water use was compared with that of corn grown under irriga-tions scheduled by use of electrical resistance blocks and a water balance (checkbook) method. The yield of the treatment irrigated with the temperature difference scheduling approach was not significantly different from that of other treatments. However, the water balance method and resistance method called for additional water applications of 39 and 18 percent, respectively, when compared to the temperature difference method.
A serine proteinase inhibitor locus at 18q21.3 contains a tandem duplication of the human squamous cell carcinoma antigen gene. (1995)

The squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a member of the ovalbumin family of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins). A neutral form of the protein is found in normal and some malignant squamous cells, whereas an acidic form is detected exclusively in tumor cells and in the circulation of patients with squamous cell tumors. In this report, we describe the cloning of the SCCA gene from normal genomic DNA. Surprisingly, two genes were found. They were tandemly arrayed and flanked by two other closely related serpins, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI2) and maspin at 18q21.3. The genomic structure of the two genes, SCCA1 and SCCA2, was highly conserved. The predicted amino acid sequences were 92% identical and suggested that the neutral form of the protein was encoded by SCCA1 and the acidic form was encoded by SCCA2. Further characterization of the region should determine whether the differential expression of the SCCA genes plays a causal role in development of more aggressive squamous cell carcinomas.
When and How Shall I Plant My Corn (1940)

For five years early and late varieties were planted at three dates at five rates, checked and drilled.
The Edematous Hand (1989)

The purpose of this article is to increase the therapist's awareness of the effects of edema on the hand and the need for early treatment. The physiology of tissue fluid production and the two basic types of edema are discussed. The use of elevation, compression, and active exercise are the primary methods of controlling edema in the hand. Various modalities and commercial compression dressings are helpful for intractable edema; however, early intervention and treatment of the edematous hand can prevent subsequent hand dysfunction and sequelae.
Primary structure of the λ repressor (1978)

The complete covalent structure of the bacteriophage lambda repressor has been determined by sequential Edman degradation, gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric peptide sequencing, and DNA sequencing of the repressor gene cI. The repressor is a single-chain, acidic protein containing 236 amino acids. The amino terminal 40 residues are highly polar and basic. Lysines and arginines in the sequence tend to be clustered.
APPENDIX B Sequence and Analysis of Polyoma Virus DNA (1980)

The polyoma virus A-2 (large-plaque) strain contains 5292 base pairs. The following analysis is based on the DNA sequence of this strain, as determined by Soeda et al. (1980), and on other data presented in the references cited below. The sequence and data presented in this appendix are intended not as a definitive work on polyoma virus, but as a guide for those interested in the study of this small DNA tumor virus. Six proteins have been identified to date as being encoded within the viral DNA; they have been designated large, middle, and small T antigens (the so-called early proteins) and VP1, VP2, and VP3 (the late or viral capsid proteins). The DNA sequence suggests that there could be other, as yet undiscovered, viral proteins. For example, within the early region of the sequence, from nucleotides between positions 2584 and 2874, a small polypeptide of just less than 100 amino acids could be produced. Moreover, a judicious choice of splicing sites in the viral mRNAs could either create messengers capable of producing proteins other than those described here or, alternatively, create sequence microheterogeneity within the known proteins, which in itself could lead to functional alterations. By such means, the virus could essentially expand its coding capacity. Other strains of polyoma virus may have a slightly different DNA sequence. For example, it is already known that the A-3 (large-plaque) strain is missing 11 bp found in the A-2 strain sequence between positions 44 and 54 (see Section 1). The Physical...