gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel three-dimensional embedded SU-8 microchannels fabricated using a low temperature full wafer adhesive bonding (2004)

This paper describes a novel fabrication method for the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) interconnected microchannels. The fabrication is based on a full wafer polymer bonding process, using SU-8 polymer epoxy photoresist as a structural material. The technology development includes an improvement of the SU-8 photolithography process in order to produce high uniformity films with good adhesive properties. Hence, 3D embedded microchannels are fabricated by a low temperature adhesive bonding of the SU-8 photopatterned thick films. The bonding occurs at temperatures (100–120 °C) lower than those usually applied in bonding technology. The bonding process parameters have been chosen in order to achieve a strong and void-free bond. High bond strengths, up to 8 MPa, have been obtained. Several examples using this new technology are shown, including bonding between different combinations of silicon and Pyrex wafers. This method also allows us to bond wafers with previously surface micromachined structures. Interconnected microchannels with vertical smooth walls and aspect ratios up to five have been obtained. Channels from 40 to 60 µm depth and from 10 to 250 µm width have been achieved. Liquid has been introduced at different levels into the microchannels, verifying good sealing of the 3D interconnected microchannels. The fabrication procedure described in this paper is fast, reproducible, CMOS compatible and easily implementable using standard photolithography and bonding equipment.
Natural Frequency of Cancer Cells as a Starting Point in Cancer Treatment (2016)

Breast cancer and prostate cancer are the most common gender-specific types of cancer among women and men respectively, around the world. The most preferred treatment embraced by the patients is chemotherapy. The anticancer drugs developed and used so far cannot completely cure cancer at all stages and also exhibit some side effects in the patients who undergo chemotherapy. Besides this, some cancer cells eventually acquire resistance to many drugs and evade the treatment procedures. All these factors play a vital role in persuading the researches to find alternative modes of treatment for cancer. This communication proposes an unconventional mode of cancer treatment by determining the natural frequencies of normal and cancer cells. By utilizing these frequencies, it is possible to kill the cancer cells specifically, sparing the healthy cells. The normal and cancer cells in case of breast (MCF-10A, MCF-7) as well as prostate cancer (BPH, LNCap) are modelled as a sphere in ANSYS. The modal analysis is done in order to obtain their natural frequencies along with their mode shapes at different frequencies. The results show that the natural frequency of the normal cells is much higher than that of the cancer cells at each corresponding mode. The natural frequency is proportional to the mechanical properties of the cells and is insignificant with respect to the change in diameter of the cells. Thus, utilizing the natural frequency, cancer cells may be specifically targeted while the burdens of chemotherapy and drug resistance.
Fluorescent Thyroid Scanning: Scanning Without Radioisotopes (1971)

Fluorescent thyroid scanning is a new technique of imaging the thyroid gland without administering a radioisotope to the patient. The scan can be made with an extraordinarily low radiation dose (less than 15 mrads). In 76 patients studied by this method, the thyroid scans obtained were comparable to isotope scans, and the information obtained regarding the iodine content of the thyroid gland was helpful in establishing the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and the presence of toxic thyroid nodules.
MicroRNAs Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2014)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common, though heterogeneous, endocrine aberration in women of reproductive age, with high prevalence and socioeconomic costs. The syndrome is characterized by polycystic ovaries, chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, as well as being associated with infertility, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased life time risk of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are able to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Altered miRNA levels have been associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation and various cancers. Studies have shown that circulating miRNAs are present in whole blood, serum, plasma and the follicular fluid of PCOS patients and that they might serve as potential biomarkers and a new approach for the diagnosis of PCOS. In this review, recent work on miRNAs with respect to PCOS will be summarized. Our understanding of miRNAs, particularly in relation to PCOS, is currently at a very early stage, and additional studies will yield important insight into the molecular mechanisms behind this complex and heterogenic syndrome.
Color-Guided Depth Recovery From RGB-D Data Using an Adaptive Autoregressive Model (2014)

This paper proposes an adaptive color-guided autoregressive (AR) model for high quality depth recovery from low quality measurements captured by depth cameras. We observe and verify that the AR model tightly fits depth maps of generic scenes. The depth recovery task is formulated into a minimization of AR prediction errors subject to measurement consistency. The AR predictor for each pixel is constructed according to both the local correlation in the initial depth map and the nonlocal similarity in the accompanied high quality color image. We analyze the stability of our method from a linear system point of view, and design a parameter adaptation scheme to achieve stable and accurate depth recovery. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation compared with ten state-of-the-art schemes show the effectiveness and superiority of our method. Being able to handle various types of depth degradations, the proposed method is versatile for mainstream depth sensors, time-of-flight camera, and Kinect, as demonstrated by experiments on real systems.
<i>Tritrichomonas mobilensis</i> n. sp. (Zoomastigophorea: Trichomonadida) from the Bolivian Squirrel Monkey <i>Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis</i><sup>1</sup> (1986)

A trichomonad flagellate, Tritrichomonas mobilensis n. sp., is described from the large intestine of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. The organism has a lanceolate body 7-10.5 micrometers in length; a well developed undulating membrane; a stout, tubular axostyle with periaxostylar rings that terminate in a cone-shaped segment projecting from the posterior end of the cell; and a moderately wide costa. The anterior flagella are about as long as the body, and the recurrent flagellum is of the acroneme type. All its characteristics suggest that the new species belongs in the Tritrichomonas augusta type of the subfamily Tritrichomonadinae.
InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes grown by chemical beam epitaxy (1987)

InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption, grading, and multiplication regions (SAGM-APD's) have been fabricated from wafers grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). These APD's exhibit low dark current (<25 nA at 90 percent of breakdown), low capacitance (≈0.2 pF), and good responsivity (0.75 A/ W at 1.3 µm). The pulse response, which is relatively independent of avalanche gain, is characterized by rise and fall times of approximately 1.4 ns.
Ultra-short 25-nm-gate lattice-matched InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs within the range of 400 GHz cutoff frequency (2001)

We have succeeded in fabricating ultra-short 25-nm-gate InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) lattice-matched to InP substrates. The two-step-recessed gate technology and low temperature processing at below 300/spl deg/C allowed the fabrication of such ultra-short gates. DC measurements showed that the 25-nm-gate HEMT had good pinchoff behavior. We obtained a cutoff frequency f/sub T/ of 396 GHz, within the range of 400 GHz f/sub T/, for the 25-nm-gate HEMT. This f/sub T/ is the highest value get reported for any type of transistor, and the gate length of 25 nm is the shortest value ever reported for any compound semiconductor transistor that exhibits device operation.
A DIELECTRIC RESONATOR-BASED ROUTE TO LEFT-HANDED METAMATERIALS (2009)

In this paper, a new route for the realization of left-handed metamaterials (LHMs) is suggested. It is based on commercially available dielectric resonators with low loss and high temperature stability. By etching simple metallic strips on surface of dielectric resonators, the desired resonance modes can be enhanced while the undesired suppressed. In this way, resonance frequency of desired resonance modes can be tuned to the frequency range of interest. As a typical example, a wide-angle polarization-independent planar LHM based on disk-like dielectric resonators is proposed. Negative permeability and permittivity are realized by etching metallic strips along the electric fleld orientations of TE01- and HEM11- modes, respectively.
Advances in Catalysis by Heteropolyacids (1987)

The advances in acid catalysis by heteropolyacids are examined and data on the acidity of heteropolyacids are surveyed. The characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysis by heteropolyacids are discussed and its applied aspects are noted. The bibliography includes 116 references.
Biocatalytic synthesis of aromatics from D-glucose: the role of transketolase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiocatalytic synthesis of aromatics from D-glucose: the role of transketolaseK. M. Draths, D. L. Pompliano, D. L. Conley, J. W. Frost, A. Berry, G. L. Disbrow, R. J. Staversky, and J. C. LievenseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3956–3962Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views612Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fusion angle affects intervertebral adjacent spinal segment joint forces—Model‐based analysis of patient specific alignment (2016)

This study addresses the hypothesis that adjacent segment intervertebral joint loads are sensitive to the degree of lordosis that is surgically imposed during vertebral fusion. Adjacent segment degeneration is often observed after lumbar fusion, but a causative mechanism is not yet clearly evident. Altered kinematics of the adjacent segments and potentially nonphysiological mechanical joint loads have been implicated in this process. However, little is known of how altered alignment and kinematics influence loading of the adjacent intervertebral joints under consideration of active muscle forces. This study investigated these effects by simulating L4/5 fusions using kinematics-driven musculoskeletal models of one generic and eight sagittal alignment-specific models. Models featured different spinopelvic configurations but were normalized by body height, masses, and muscle properties. Fusion of the L4/5 segment was implemented in an in situ (22°), hyperlordotic (32°), and hypolordotic (8°) fashion and kinematic input parameters were changed accordingly based on findings of an in vitro investigation. Bending motion from upright standing to 45° forward flexion and back was simulated for all models in intact and fused conditions. Joint loads at adjacent levels and moment arms of spinal muscles experienced changes after all types of fusion. Hypolordotic configuration led to an increase of adjacent segment (L3/4) shear forces of 29% on average, whereas hyperlordotic fusion reduced shear by 39%. Overall, L4/5 in situ fusion resulted in intervertebral joint forces closest to intact loading conditions. An artificial decrease in lumbar lordosis (minus 14° on average) caused by an L4/5 fusion lead to adverse loading conditions, particularly at the cranial adjacent levels, and altered muscle moment arms, in particular for muscles in the vicinity of the fusion. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:131-139, 2017.
White emission of Yb^2+:fluoride glasses efficiently excited with near-UV light (2013)

Various Yb²⁺-containing fluoride glasses melting under a reductive atmosphere were prepared. The brightest white light emission was observed for an AlF₃-based fluoride glass not containing Hf or Zr. The largest full width at half maximum of the white emission spectra was 202 nm. In addition, incorporation of chloride into the AlF₃-based glass enabled efficient excitation with near-ultraviolet light corresponding to a GaN bandgap of 3.4 eV and the maximum internal quantum efficiency of Yb²⁺: AlF₃-based fluoride glass was 42%.
FTTx: Current Status and the Future (2008)

By the end of 2007, there were 29 million subscribers to services supplied by FTTx equipment, and by 2012, it is expected the number will grow to over 100 million subscribers. In this paper, we review the current status of FTTx and analyze what is taking place in different regions of the world. We view the future for FTTx in terms of growth and the types of FTTx products we might see.
Prediction of Future Well Performance, Including Reservoir Depletion Effects (1995)

ABSTRACT In the past, the reservoir material balance (voidage) effects occurring between the end of the measured (known) production history and future Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) time levels have been commonly ignored in the computation of the future IPR behavior. Neglecting the reservoir voidage that occurs during the time interval between the end of the known production history and the future IPR time levels results in erroneous estimates of the future IPR behavior. A detailed description is given of the mathematically rigorous technique that has been used in the development of a multilayer well performance simulator that properly accounts for the reservoir voidage effects. Some of the more significant results are also presented of an extensive effort to develop an accurate and computationally efficient well performance simulation model. The reservoir can be considered to be multilayered, with mixed reservoir layer completion types and outer boundary shapes, drainage areas and boundary conditions. The well performance model can be used to simulate performance in three different operating modes: (1) constant wellhead rate, (2) constant bottomhole pressure, and (3) constant wellhead pressure. The transient performance of vertical, vertically fractured and horizontal wells can be simulated with this well performance model. The well performance model uses mathematically rigorous transient solutions and not simply the approximate solutions for each of the well types, as do most of the other commercially available well performance models.
Magic-Sized Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> II−V Nanoparticles Exhibiting Bandgap Photoemission (2009)

The very first single-sized Cd3P2 II−V nanoparticles were synthesized via a non-injection-based approach which was designed to be thermodynamically driven. The Cd3P2 nanoparticles were synthesized in a pure form and exhibited bright bandgap photoemission peaking at 455 nm with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of only 17 nm and narrow bandgap absorption peaking at 451 nm. Compared to those reported before with a fwhm of 50−150 nm, the newly developed Cd3P2 nanoparticles represent significant progress in synthesis with better design and control. Cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(OAc)2·2H2O) and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine ((TMS)3P) were used as Cd and P source compounds, respectively; the synthesis was carried out in 1-octadecene (ODE), a noncoordinating solvent. The novel Cd3P2 nanoparticles were further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and 113Cd and 31P solid-state NMR. These single-sized Cd3P2 nanoparticles are the first example of class II−V magic-sized nanoparticles (MSNs).
Transport of vacuum arc plasmas through magnetic macroparticle filters (1995)

Vacuum arc plasma deposition combined with magnetic filtering of the plasma to remove macroparticles is a promising technique for the production of metallic, compound and hard amorphous carbon thin films. High efficiency of the magnetic filter is a crucial parameter for the application of this technique. We report investigations of the influence of different filter designs, magnetic field configurations and electric potentials on the filter efficiency. We analyse the transport mechanisms on which the flow of plasma through the filter is based, and describe and discuss the occurrence of instabilities in magnetic filters. With an optimum filter arrangement we were able to obtain a filter output of 25% of the total number of ions produced by the vacuum arc discharge.
Novel nanocomposite hydrogel for wound dressing and other medical applications (2015)

Graft copolymerization of DADMAC with a MBA crosslinking agent was achieved on water soluble carboxymethyl cellulose with an APS initiator. A CuO nanocomposite hydrogel was formed <italic>in situ</italic> on cotton. The synthesis of Ag/CMC-DADMAC hydrogel nanocomposites was also studied.
Contrasting mechanisms of impaired attentional set-shifting in patients with frontal lobe damage or Parkinson's disease (1993)

Tests which assess the ability to shift cognitive set modelled after the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test are particularly sensitive to impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease as well as in patients with frontal lobe damage. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the similar deficits observed in the two patient groups are not well understood and may not be identical. For example, an apparent deficit in set-shifting ability may reflect either an impairment in the ability to shift from a perceptual dimension which has previously commanded attention (i.e. 'perseveration'), or in the ability to shift to an alternative perceptual dimension which has previously been irrelevant (i.e. 'learned irrelevance'). In this study, the performance of both medicated and non-medicated patients with Parkinson's disease were compared with a group of neurosurgical patients with localized excisions of the frontal lobes on a novel task designed to assess the relative contribution of 'perseveration' and 'learned irrelevance' to impaired set-shifting ability. Patients with frontal lobe damage were worse than controls in their ability to shift attention from a previously relevant stimulus dimension. Medicated patients with Parkinson's disease were worse at shifting to a previously irrelevant dimension. In contrast to both groups, nonmedicated patients with Parkinson's disease were impaired in both conditions. These results suggest that the gross set-shifting deficits reported in both frontal lobe patients and patients with Parkinson's disease may involve fundamentally different, though related, cognitive processes, and that these may be differentially affected by medication. Specifically, L-dopa therapy may protect Parkinson's disease patients from preservation of attention to a formerly relevant stimulus dimension.
Genetic algorithms in electromagnetics (2002)

The application of modern electromagnetic theory in real world radiation and scattering problems often requires or at least benefits from the use of optimization. This paper discusses a relatively new approach to the electromagnetic optimization problem called the genetic algorithm that can handle the common optimization problem characteristics with relative ease yielding near global maxima in cases that cannot be readily handled by any other optimization method.
Near-surface electronic structure on InAs(100) modified with self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols (1999)

Surface chemical modification is used to eliminate the problem of high surface recombination velocity and control surface band bending on InAs(100). Alkanethiols, RSH; R=CH3(CH2)n, both neat and in ethanolic solutions, are used to passivate this surface against oxidation, as characterized by Raman scattering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the adsorbate-covered and bare surfaces. The magnitude of the interfacial band bending is obtained by analysis of Raman scattering from the unscreened longitudinal optical phonon, which arises from the near-surface charge accumulation region. Removing the native oxide with a Br2:CH3OH chemomechanical etch reduces the surface band bending, but atmospheric oxidation increases band bending to its original level over several hours. In contrast, alkanethiol passivation of InAs(100) prevents band bending for periods of up to several weeks.
Update on the safety and efficacy of retroviral gene therapy for immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency (2016)

Key Points Survival was 100% for 18 patients with ADA-SCID treated with genetically modified CD34+ cells (2.3-13.4 years follow up; median, 6.9 years). Long-term engraftment, immune reconstitution, and fewer severe infections were observed in 15 out of 18 patients without leukemic transformation.
Monocular Depth Estimation using Multi-Scale Continuous CRFs as Sequential Deep Networks (2018)

Depth cues have been proved very useful in various computer vision and robotic tasks. This paper addresses the problem of monocular depth estimation from a single still image. Inspired by the effectiveness of recent works on multi-scale convolutional neural networks (CNN), we propose a deep model which fuses complementary information derived from multiple CNN side outputs. Different from previous methods using concatenation or weighted average schemes, the integration is obtained by means of continuous Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). In particular, we propose two different variations, one based on a cascade of multiple CRFs, the other on a unified graphical model. By designing a novel CNN implementation of mean-field updates for continuous CRFs, we show that both proposed models can be regarded as sequential deep networks and that training can be performed end-to-end. Through an extensive experimental evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and establish new state of the art results for the monocular depth estimation task on three publicly available datasets, i.e. NYUD-V2, Make3D and KITTI.