gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro welding with pulsed single mode fiber lasers (2004)

Many applications in the electronics, telecom and medical device industry require smaller and smaller laser joining areas. In order to adapt the processing speed to the average laser power pulsed laser operation is desired. Gated CW fiber lasers could provide pulsed laser operation with sufficient power stability. Some welding applications require focus spot diameters in the order of 25 µm and pulse energy levels as low as 10 mJ. The fiber laser’s excellent single mode beam quality will provide the desired spot size and laser power density. In addition many emerging micro welding applications require excellent power stability at low pulse energy levels to provide sufficient process yields. This paper will provide data about the power stability of pulsed fiber lasers and will show first micro welding results for a range of materials with a pulsed fiber laser system.
Manual of tree diseases (1918)

Leaf-and twig-blight Cone-rust .Rust witches' cbnesnis.Mistletoe witches'-broom .Pecky wood-rot Red-brown sapwood-rot
Laser ultrasonics for defect detection and residual stress measurement of friction stir welds (2011)

The laser-ultrasonic technique is investigated for defect detection and sizing as well as for residual stress measurement in welds obtained by friction stir welding (FSW). When combined with the Fourier domain synthetic aperture focusing technique, very good performances are achieved for detecting lack of penetration in butt joints, the detection limit coinciding with the conditions of reduced mechanical properties. Also, the detection of kissing bonds seems to be possible in lap joints when probing with ultrasonic frequencies up to 200 MHz. Residual stresses induced by the FSW process can also be probed by laser ultrasonics. The method is based on monitoring the velocity change of the laser-generated surface skimming longitudinal wave, propagating just below the surface and being found much more sensitive to stress. The residual stress profile measured across the weld line is in good agreement with results from a finite element model and from strain gauge measurements.
Multiatlas whole heart segmentation of CT data using conditional entropy for atlas ranking and selection (2015)

The authors have developed a new MAS framework for automatic WHS of CTA and investigated alternative implementations of MAS. With the proposed atlas ranking algorithm and joint label fusion, the MAS scheme is able to generate accurate segmentation within practically acceptable computation time. This method can be useful for the development of new clinical applications of cardiac CT.
acj6: a gene affecting olfactory physiology and behavior in Drosophila. (1991)

Mutations affecting olfactory behavior provide material for use in molecular studies of olfaction in Drosophila melanogaster. Using the electroantennogram (EAG), a measure of antennal physiology, we have found an adult antennal defect in the olfactory behavioral mutant abnormal chemosensory jump 6 (acj6). The acj6 EAG defect was mapped to a single locus and the same mutation was found to be responsible for both reduction in EAG amplitude and diminished behavioral response, as if reduced antennal responsiveness to odorant is responsible for abnormal chemosensory behavior in the mutant. acj6 larval olfactory behavior is also abnormal; the mutation seems to alter cellular processes necessary for olfaction at both developmental stages. The acj6 mutation exhibits specificity in that visual system function appears normal in larvae and adults. These experiments provide evidence that the acj6 gene encodes a product required for olfactory signal transduction.
Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Ionic Liquids (2012)

Extracting quantitative information from amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) in viscous ionic liquids is difficult because existing theory requires knowledge of the cantilever natural frequency, which cannot be measured in the absence of a resonance peak. We present a new model that describes cantilever dynamics in an overdamped medium (Q < 0.5) and derive the theory necessary to extract the stiffness and damping in highly viscous liquids. The proposed methodology is used to measure the solvation layers of an ionic liquid at a gold electrode.
What is a limit cycle? (2008)

A limit cycle is the stability boundary for linear and non-linear control systems. Hamiltonian mechanics and power flow control are employed to demonstrate this property of limit cycles. The presentation begins with the concept of linear limit cycles which is extended to non-linear limit cycles. Many examples are used to demonstrate these concepts including linear and non-linear oscillators, power engineering, and an extension to a class of plane differential systems. Power flow control based on Hamiltonian mechanics is shown to be applicable to a large class of non-linear systems. Finally, eigenanalysis and flight stability for linear systems are extended to non-linear systems and is referred to as ‘the power flow principle of stability for non-linear systems’.
Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey (2021)

Smart cities have the potential to overcome environmental problems caused by improper waste disposal by improving human health, protecting the aquatic ecosystem, and reducing air pollution. However, today’s systems, approaches, and technologies leveraged for waste management are manual and centralized. This fact makes them vulnerable to manipulation and the single point of failure problem. Also, a large portion of the existing waste management systems within smart cities fall short in providing operational transparency, traceability, audit, security, and trusted data provenance features. In this paper, we explore the key role of blockchain technology in managing waste within smart cities as it can offer traceability, immutability, transparency, and audit features in a decentralized, trusted, and secure manner. We discuss the opportunities brought about by blockchain technology in various waste management use cases and application scenarios, including real-time tracing and tracking of waste, reliable channelization and compliance with waste treatment laws, efficient waste resources management, protection of waste management documentation, and fleet management. We introduce a framework that leverages blockchain-based smart contracts to automate the key services in terms of waste management of smart cities. We compare the existing blockchain-based waste management solutions based on important parameters. Furthermore, we present insightful discussions on several ongoing blockchain-based research projects and case studies to highlight the practicability of blockchain in waste management. Finally, we present open challenges that act as future research directions.
Towards Electronic SMS Dictionary Construction: An Alignment-based Approach (2014)

In this paper, we propose a method for aligning text messages (entitled AlignSMS) in order to automatically build an SMS dictionary. An extract of 100 text messages from the 88milSMS corpus (Panckhurst el al., 2013, 2014) was used as an initial test. More than 90,000 authentic text messages in French were collected from the general public by a group of academics in the south of France in the context of the sud4science project (http://www.sud4science.org). This project is itself part of a vast international SMS data collection project, entitled sms4science (http://www.sms4science.org, Fairon et al. 2006, Cougnon, 2014). After corpus collation, pre-processing and anonymisation (Accorsi et al., 2012, Patel et al., 2013), we discuss how "raw" anonymised text messages can be transcoded into normalised text messages, using a statistical alignment method. The future objective is to set up a hybrid (symbolic/statistic) approach based on both grammar rules and our statistical AlignSMS method.
High-Density Video Disc Using Superresolution and Green Laser (1994)

Development of a high-density multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE) video disc with a playback time of 2 h per side has been achieved using an optical head which utilizes the superresolution technique and a green laser, and by quadrupling the recording density of the analogue video disc. The focused spot size of the main lobe in the superresolving direction of the optical head was 0.63 µ m ( 1/e 2 full width). With this optical head, using the slit detection method, a carrier to noise (CN) ratio of 56 dB was obtained at a pit length of 0.3 µ m which is the cut-off pit length of the 670 nm optical head. Compared with an optical head using only a green laser, the CN ratio at a pit length of less than 0.3 µ m was improved by 2 to 3 dB. An SN ratio of 41.5 dB was obtained for the quad- ruple φ300 mm MUSE video disc which has a 0.8 µ m track pitch and a 10.1 m/s linear velocity.
Changing Patterns and Outcome of Acute Renal Failure Requiring Hemodialysis (1986)

To identify factors that may explain the persistently high mortality of acute renal failure (ARF), we compared the cause, clinical course, and outcome of 55 consecutive patients with ARF who underwent hemodialysis (HD) from 1962 to 1969 with 46 similar patients from 1979 to 1981 at the same medical center. We noted an overall increase in mortality from 54.5% to 71.7%. There was an increase in the number of elderly patients developing ARF, but age per se did not influence survival. There was a significant increase in mortality in younger patients resulting from the severity of their underlying illness. We saw an increase in the number of complicating factors occurring at the onset of ARF that correlated with the increase in mortality. In survivors ARF was more prolonged in our most recent experience. The development of prolonged, complicated ARF and the poor survival seen in younger patients led to the increase in mortality in our patients.
Strategies for P2P connectivity in reconfigurable converged wired/wireless access networks (2010)

This paper presents different strategies to define the architecture of a Radio-Over-Fiber (RoF) Access networks enabling Peer-to-Peer (P2P) functionalities. The architectures fully exploit the flexibility of a wavelength router based on the feedback configuration of an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) and an optical switch to broadcast P2P services among diverse infrastructures featuring dynamic channel allocation and enabling an optical platform for 3G and beyond wireless backhaul requirements. The first architecture incorporates a tunable laser to generate a dedicated wavelength for P2P purposes and the second architecture takes advantage of reused wavelengths to enable the P2P connectivity among Optical Network Units (ONUs) or Base Stations (BS). While these two approaches allow the P2P connectivity in a one at a time basis (1:1), the third architecture enables the broadcasting of P2P sessions among different ONUs or BSs at the same time (1:M). Experimental assessment of the proposed architecture shows approximately 0.6% Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) degradation for wireless services and 1 dB penalty in average for 1 x 10(-12) Bit Error Rate (BER) for wired baseband services.
Differential cytokine secretion and early treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (2009)

Biomarkers for treatment response would facilitate the testing of urgently needed new anti-tuberculous drugs. The present study investigated the profiles of 30 proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors [epidermal growth factor, eotaxin, fractalkine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, interferon-gamma, interferon-inducible protein-10, Krebs von den Lungen-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, sCD40L, transforming growth factor-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor] in the plasma of 12 healthy tuberculin skin test-positive community controls and 20 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and identified potential biomarkers for early treatment response. We showed differences in the level of circulating cytokines between healthy controls and TB patients, but also between fast responders and slow responders to anti-tuberculosis treatment. The general discriminant analysis based on pre-treatment and week 1 measurements identified 10 sets of three-variable models that could classify fast and slow responders with up to 83% accuracy. Overall, this study shows the potential of cytokines as indicators of anti-tuberculosis treatment response.
African Engagements: on whose terms? Africa negotiating and emerging multi-polar world (2011)

During the recent World EXPO in Shanghai, most African countries\nwere housed under one roof, a huge building bustling with activity.\nThe African dances and the loud drumming attracted many Chinese\nvisitors, who were amazed, thrilled and shocked at the same time. The\nAfrican market stalls (see book cover) were also popular. EXPO’s\ntitle was ‘Better City, Better Life’, and the organisers had tried to\nconvince the African contributors that it would be nice to stick to that\ngeneral theme. Few did, even after accepting generous Chinese support.\nMany of the African pavilions showed rural Africa as a paradise\nfor investors and tourists, with scenes of Africa’s exotic nature and\npeople and with a general message that Africa is a continent full of\nresources to exploit (cf. Dietz 2011: 5). But on whose terms? EXPO’s\nexperience may be seen as symbolic of Africa being quite capable of\ncarving out its own negotiation space. The world’s emerging multipolarity\ncreates obvious tensions but also opportunities for the many\ndifferent African players on the world’s geopolitical chessboard.
Leveraging sentiment analysis for topic detection (2010)

The emergence of new social media such as blogs, message boards, news, and web content in general has dramatically changed the ecosystems of corporations. Consumers, non-profit organizations, and other forms of communities are extremely vocal about t
Scoring Of High Risk Mothers And Related Outcome (1988)

In a study of 777 mothers delivering at Dufferin Hospital, Lucknow, 195 (25.1 %) mothers were in O risk group, 321 (41.3%) in 1-3 risk group, 199(25.6%) in 4-6 risk group and 62 (7.9 %) in risk group 7 +. On the other hand, caesarean section increased from 3(1.5 %) in â€˜Oâ€™ risk mothers to 25 (40.4%) in 7 + risk score mothers. The incidence of low birth weight was lowest (5/ 1000 births) when risk score was 0 and highest (432.8 / 1000 births) when risk score was 7 +. Out of a total of 777 mothers, 222 (28.5%) had postnatal complications. In â€˜Oâ€™ risk group, out of 195 mothers only 24 (12.3 %) had postnatal complications, while 37 (59.7 %) out of 62 had complications in 7 + group. The maternal mortality rate was 1.3 / 1000 live births. Perinatal mortality rate was 61.6 /1000 total births and neonatal mortality rate was 47.7/1000 live births.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Reactions of Nitriles. Part 34. Transformation of 4‐Aryl‐2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dicyano‐4H‐thiopyrans into Substituted 4‐Aryl‐3‐cyano‐2(1H)‐pyridinethiones and 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐3‐cyano‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐benzo(b)pyrans. (1989)

Abstract The reaction between the thiopyrans (I) and the monoketones or acyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) proceeds via elimination of malononitrile from the thiopyran moiety to afford the pyridinethiones (III).
Laser light scattering instrumentation for biotechnology applications (1988)

Discusses the progress made in the size and cost reduction of the four basic system components of dynamic light scattering instrumentation: laser, optics, detector, and signal processor. The developments of miniature solid-state laser diodes for photon correlation use monomode optical fibre dynamic light scattering system, avalanche photodiodes for photon correlation use, and electronic chips for correlators are described. >
High-extensible scene graph framework based on component techniques (2006)

In this paper, a novel component-based scene graph is proposed, in which all objects in the scene are classified to different entities, and a scene can be represented as a hierarchical graph composed of the instances of entities. Each entity contains basic data and its operations which are encapsulated into the entity component. The entity possesses certain behaviours which are responses to rules and interaction defined by the high-level application. Such behaviours can be described by script or behaviours model. The component-based scene graph in the paper is more abstractive and high-level than traditional scene graphs. The contents of a scene could be extended flexibly by adding new entities and new entity components, and behaviour modification can be obtained by modifying the model components or behaviour scripts. Its robustness and efficiency are verified by many examples implemented in the Virtual Scenario developed by Peking University.
Expression of the BZLF1 latency-disrupting gene differs in standard and defective Epstein-Barr viruses (1989)

Previous experiments using gene transfer of plasmids with heterologous promoters identified an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene (BZLF1) whose product (ZEBRA) switches the virus from a latent to a replicative state. We have now studied expression of ZEBRA in lymphoid cells harboring either standard virus or a mixture of standard and defective (heterogeneous [het]) viruses. A high-titer rabbit antiserum to a TrpE-BZLF1 fusion protein was used to identify ZEBRA expressed from standard and het EBV DNA. These ZEBRA proteins could be distinguished from each other on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. ZEBRA could not be detected in cells latently infected with standard EBV. However, within 6 h after induction of replication by sodium butyrate, ZEBRA appeared and persisted long thereafter. Synthesis of ZEBRA was insensitive to phosphonoacetic acid or acycloguanosine, behavior characteristic of an early replicative protein. ZEBRA was constitutively expressed in cells containing both defective and standard EBV genomes. ZEBRA was made predominantly from the het genome but also from the standard genome. Control of BZLF1 expression appears to occur at the transcriptional level. No BZLF1-specific transcript was detected in cells containing only standard latent EBV. BZLF1 transcripts could be detected in these cells if virus replication was induced by treatment with butyrate. Cells bearing both standard and het genomes did not require addition of an exogenous inducing agent to transcribe the BZLF1 gene. The experiments suggest that regulation of transcription of the BZLF1 gene is a pivotal event in the control of EBV replication.
Different Cell Cycle Modulation in SKOV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cell Line by Anti-HIV Drugs (2017)

Antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have proven to be effective even against cancer. Drawing from this background, the aim of our research project was to evaluate the effects of anti-HIV drugs that belong to the nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NRTI; abacavir (ABC) and tenofovir (TDF)], nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI; efavirenz (EFV) and etravirine (ETR)], and protease inhibitor [PI; darunavir (DRV)] categories on ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV-3. Using FACS analysis, we observed that treatment with NRTIs and NNRTIs showed a block in the G0/G1 phase. In particular, ETR displayed a relevant block in the progression of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle compared with the other examined drugs, and it also induced differentiation of SKOV-3 cells. In contrast, FACS analysis demonstrated that ABC and the PI inhibitor DRV showed no effect on the proliferation of cancer cells. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining demonstrated that cells treated with NNRTIs (EFV and ETR) presented more DNA damage compared with other treatments. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that TDF, EFV, and ETR were able to obtain a reduction in the expression of cyclin D1 and Rb hypophosphorylation, and an increase in p21 concentration. Finally, we observed that ETR also induced differentiation, as demonstrated by Western blot, with high levels of E-cadherin expression. Therefore, our study provides additional evidence supporting the in vitro cytotoxic effects of ETR and EFV. Furthermore, it promotes the hypothesis for their potential use as therapeutic agents in ovarian cancer.
Managing Risk with a Virtual Reading Room: Two Born Digital Projects (2014)

In March 2010, the University of California, Irvine, launched a site to provide online access to papers of Richard Rorty in the form of a virtual reading room.1 Although we didn’t know it then, we quickly learned that we were one of the first academic repositories in the United States to risk providing remote, online access to born-digital manuscripts. The virtual reading room mitigated the risks involved in providing this kind of access to personal, archival materials with privacy and copyright issues by limiting the number of qualified users and by limiting the discoverability of full-text content on the open web. In January 2013, we launched a site providing access to another group of born-digital materials, the papers of Mark Poster. The two collections had as many differences as they did commonalities, and a comparison of the two projects is useful for understanding the range of decisions and issues that ultimately impact access to born-digital personal manuscript collections.
Multi-Photon Microscopy, High Resolution Imaging Deep in Strongly Scattering Specimens (1997)

Abstract Imaging small structures substantially below the tissue surface in living specimens poses special challenges mainly because light is scattered by ever present refractive index inhomogeneities. Confocal microscoy removes the blurring caused by scattered and out-of-focus light but does so only at the expense of photodynamic damage that is often unacceptable when observing live specimens. Multi-photon absorption microscopy[l] solves these problems because excitation is virtually limited to the focal plane. Out-of-focus photobleaching and photodamage are therefore eliminated. In scattering samples substantial improvements accrue even for the focal plane because, different from confocal microscopy, where only ballistic fluorescenc photons can be used, in the multi-photon microscope scattered photons can be utilized in addition [2-4], provided whole-field detection is used[5]. Many questions in the study of the nervous system require the investigation of intact portions of neural tissue in order to preserve the multiply branched processes of neurons, often extending over hundreds of microns, together with the local nervous circuitry.