gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near‐field optical photomask repair with a femtosecond laser (1999)

We present a high-resolution near-field optical tool designed for repair of opaque defects in binary photomasks. Both instrument design and near-field imaging and patterning results will be presented. Designed for ablative processing of thin metal films, the MR-100 incorporates an industrial amplified femtosecond laser, third harmonic generator and built-in autocorrelator. The ultrashort duration of the femtosecond pulses enables the tool to remove chrome layers with negligible damage to the surrounding metal or the underlying quartz substrate. The micropipette based near-field writing head can deliver power densities of hundreds of GW/cm2 to spots of several hundred nanometres and below. Repairs on sample masks will be presented and the repair quality will be discussed.
Characterization of an ADP-ribosylation Factor-like 1 Protein inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are highly conserved approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that enhance the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and are believed to participate in vesicular transport in both exocytic and endocytic pathways. Several ARF-like proteins (ARLs) have been cloned from Drosophila, rat, and human; however, the biological functions of ARLs are unknown. We have identified a yeast gene (ARL1) encoding a protein that is structurally related (>60% identical) to human, rat, and Drosophila ARL1. Biochemical analyses of purified recombinant yeast ARL1 (yARL1) protein revealed properties similar to those ARF and ARL1 proteins, including the ability to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Like other ARLs, recombinant yARL1 protein did not stimulate cholera toxin-catalyzed auto-ADP-ribosylation. yARL1 was not recognized by antibodies against mammalian ARLs or yeast ARFs. Anti-yARL1 antibodies did not cross-react with yeast ARFs, but did react with human ARLs. On subcellular fractionation, yARL1, similar to yARF1, was localized to the soluble fraction. The amino terminus of yARL1, like that of ARF, was myristoylated. Unlike Drosophila Arl1, yeast ARL1 was not essential for cell viability. Like rat ARL1, yARL1 might be associated in part with the Golgi complex. However, yARL1 was not required for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi protein transport, and it may offer an opportunity to define an ARL function in another kind of vesicular trafficking, such as the regulated secretory pathway.
Ground-based radar interferometry for landslides monitoring: atmospheric and instrumental decorrelation sources on experimental data (2004)

The application of ground-based radar interferometry for landslide monitoring is analyzed: a case study based on an experimental campaign carried out in Italy during 2002 is discussed. Interferometric data obtained from coherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by means of C-band ground-based equipment are analyzed. The campaign was aimed at retrieving potential terrain movements of a small landslide observed hundreds of meters away. Critical aspects related to spatial and temporal decorrelation are discussed: the use of optical photogrammetry as a technique for evaluating mechanical stability and correcting geometric distortion is presented. Results also confirmed that the application of ground-based radar interferometry can be attractive and effective if the acquired SAR images maintain an adequate coherence on different dates.
Seafood Traceability in the United States: Current Trends, System Design, and Potential Applications (2005)

Increasing globalization of our food supply combined with recent outbreaks of foodborne disease has heightened concerns over food safety issues around the globe. In response to these growing concerns, both by government and consumers, many nations are looking at food traceability as a means to restore confidence in the food supply and limit damages incurred by the sale and distribution of unsafe products. Traceability, which allows for the tracking of food products through all steps of production, distribution, and sales, can provide information on the nature, origin, and quality of a product; allowing consumers to make more informed purchasing decisions while providing the mechanisms for quick and thorough product recall procedures. Implementing traceablity systems will require improved vertical intergration between entities and the development of standars for the collection and dissemination of traceability data. Fortunately, rapid advances in information technology have made it possible to implement traceability systems within the food industry. This review will explore the current trends toward tracebility in the U.S. seafood industry. Current legislation, both here and abroad, and its effects on the seafood industry will be explored, and the design of a traceability system will be discussed.
Negative Regulation of Growth Hormone Receptor/JAK2 Signaling by Signal Regulatory Protein α (2000)

Signal regulatory proteins (SIRPs) are receptor-like transmembrane proteins, the majority of which contain a cytoplasmic proline-rich region and four cytoplasmic tyrosines that, when phosphorylated, bind SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases (SHP). We demonstrated previously that growth hormone (GH) induces tyrosyl phosphorylation of SIRPalpha and association of SIRPalpha with SHP-2. The GH-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 associates with and tyrosyl-phosphorylates SIRPalpha1. Here we show that JAK2-SIRPalpha1 association does not require phosphotyrosines in SIRPalpha1 or JAK2 or the proline-rich region of SIRPalpha1. However, when the C-terminal 30 amino acids of SIRPalpha1 containing the proline-rich region and tyrosine 495 are deleted, tyrosyl phosphorylation of SIRPalpha1 by JAK2 and association of SHP-2 with SIRPalpha1 are reduced. GH-dependent tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK2 is reduced when wild-type SIRPalpha1 compared with SIRPalpha1 lacking the four cytoplasmic tyrosines (SIRP 4YF) is expressed in cells, suggesting that SIRPalpha1 negatively regulates GHR/JAK2 signaling. Consistent with reduced JAK2 activity, overexpression of wild-type SIRPalpha1 but not SIRP 4YF reduces GH-induced phosphorylation of ERKs 1 and 2, STAT3, and STAT5B. These results suggest that SIRPalpha1 is a negative regulator of GH signaling and that the ability of SIRPalpha1 mutants to negatively regulate GHR-JAK2 signaling correlates with their ability to bind SHP-2.
A new family of grain orinted glass-ceramics for piezoelectric and pyroelectric devices (1984)

Abstract Grain oriented polar glass-ceramics have been evaluated for application in piezoelectric and pyroelectric devices. The main advantage of the method is the possibility of preparing large area elements in a simple way at a relative low cost.
An epitaxial organic film. The self-assembled monolayer of docosanoic acid on silver(111) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn epitaxial organic film. The self-assembled monolayer of docosanoic acid on silver(111)Mahesh G. Samant, Charles A. Brown, and Joseph G. Gordon IICite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 4, 1082–1085Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00028a033https://doi.org/10.1021/la00028a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma treatment of electrospun PCL random nanofiber meshes (NFMs) for biological property improvement (2012)

In this article, the plasma surface modification effects on the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) random nanofiber meshes (NFMs) were investigated by adjusting plasma chemistry, that is, using glow discharges of N(2) +H(2), NH(3) +O(2), and Ar+O(2) gas mixtures. The surface property changes of electrospun PCL NFMs after those plasma treatments were examined by water contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the plasma treatments introduced polar groups onto the surfaces and thus increased the surface hydrophilicity. From tensile test data, plasma treatment had limited effect on the mechanical properties of PCL random NFMs. The biological properties of the plasma-treated PCL NFMs were examined by cell proliferation assays using mouse osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1). It was found that the plasma-treated PCL NFMs gave a higher proliferation rate and improved cell adhesion properties as compared with the untreated controls.
An endophytic microbe from an unusual volcanic swamp corn seeks and inhabits root hair cells to extract rock phosphate (2017)

In the animal microbiome, localization of microbes to specific cell types is well established, but there are few such examples within the plant microbiome which includes endophytes. Endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes that inhabit plants. Root hairs are single cells, equivalent to the nutrient-absorbing intestinal microvilli of animals, used by plants to increase the root surface area for nutrient extraction from soil including phosphorus (P). There has been significant interest in the microbiome of intestinal microvilli but less is known about the root hair microbiome. Here we describe a bacterial endophyte (3F11) from Zea nicaraguensis, a wild corn discovered in a Nicaraguan swamp above rock-P lava flowing from the San Cristobal volcano. Rock-P is insoluble and a major challenge for plants. Following seed coating and germination on insoluble-P, the endophyte colonized epidermal surfaces, ultimately colonizing root hairs intracellularly. The endophyte promoted root hair growth and secreted acids to solubilize rock-P for uptake by a larger root hair surface. The most interesting observation was that a seed-coated endophyte targeted and colonized a critical cell type, root hair cells, consistent with earlier studies. The endophyte maintained its targeting ability in two evolutionary divergent hosts, suggesting that the host recognition machinery is conserved.
Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part II. Experimental (1960)

Abstract Molecular weight distributions have been found for fractions of polystyrene degraded ultrasonically in benzene solution at very low concentrations (0.002% w/v). The distributions show that little, if any, of the degradation products include molecules of molecular weight less than 50,000. The variation of the rate constant for the degradation of the molecules with molecular weight follows the theoretical relation being proportional to M 2.82 derived in Part I up to molecular weights of 10 6 . Beyond this value the rate constant increases at a slower rate. This is attributed to a change in the variation of the shock pressure and rear flank of the shock wave with distance from the cavity. The rate constant for a given fraction reaches a peak at a concentration of about 0.01% w/v after which it falls rapidly with increasing concentration. This is attributed to the formation of a network by the polymer which reduces the rate of the cavity collapse.
Thieno[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Polymer Semiconductors: Toward High-Performance, Air-Stable Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2011)

We report a new p-type semiconducting polymer family based on the thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) building block, which exhibits good processability as well as good mobility and lifetime stability in thin-film transistors (TFTs). TPD homopolymer P1 was synthesized via Yamamoto coupling, whereas copolymers P2-P8 were synthesized via Stille coupling. All of these polymers were characterized by chemical analysis as well as thermal analysis, optical spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. P2-P7 have lower-lying HOMOs than does P3HT by 0.24-0.57 eV, depending on the donor counits, and exhibit large oscillator strengths in the visible region with similar optical band gaps throughout the series (∼1.80 eV). The electron-rich character of the dialkoxybithiophene counits in P8 greatly compresses the band gap, resulting in the lowest E(g)(opt) in the series (1.66 eV), but also raising the HOMO energy to -5.11 eV. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) electrical characterization indicates that device performance is very sensitive to the oligothiophene conjugation length, but also to the solubilizing side chain substituents (length, positional pattern). The corresponding thin-film microstructures and morphologies were investigated by XRD and AFM to correlate with the OTFT performance. By strategically varying the oligothiophene donor conjugation length and optimizing the solubilizing side chains, a maximum OTFT hole mobility of ∼0.6 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) is achieved for P4-based devices. OTFT environmental (storage) and operational (bias) stability in ambient was investigated, and enhanced performance is observed due to the low-lying HOMOs. These results indicate that the TPD is an excellent building block for constructing high-performance polymers for p-type transistor applications due to the excellent processability, substantial hole mobility, and good device stability.
Adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid to iron oxide surfaces as studied by flow-through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (2012)

Environmental context Perfluoroalkyl compounds are organic contaminants that exhibit strong resistance to chemical- and microbial-degradation. As partitioning between solid and aqueous phases is expected to control the transport of perfluoroalkyl compounds, we studied the molecular mechanisms of their adsorption–desorption at a representative Fe oxide surface using in situ molecular spectroscopy. The results provide valuable information on the types of bonds formed, and enable a better understanding of the transport and fate of these organic contaminants in natural environments. Abstract The kinetics and mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorption to nanoparticulate hematite (a-Fe2O3) from aqueous solutions were examined using in situ, flow-through attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Results indicate that both PFOA and PFOS molecules are retained at the hydrophilic hematite surface and the adsorption shows strong pH dependence. However, ATR-FTIR data reveal that PFOA and PFOS are bound to the iron oxide by different mechanisms. Specifically, in addition to electrostatic interactions, PFOA forms inner-sphere Fe–carboxylate complexes by ligand exchange, whereas the PFOS sulfonate group forms outer-sphere complexes and possibly hydrogen-bonds at the mineral surface. Both solution pH and surface loading affect adsorption kinetics. Faster adsorption was observed at low pH and high initial PFC concentrations. Sorption kinetics for both compounds can be described by a pseudo-second-order rate law at low pH (pH 3.0 and 4.5) and a pseudo-first-order rate law at high pH (pH 6.0). Sorption isotherm data for PFOA derived from spectroscopic results exhibit features characteristic of ionic surfactant adsorption to hydrophilic charged solid surfaces.
Neutron measurement techniques for the nondestructive analysis of irradiated fuel assemblies (1981)

Nondestructive measurement of the passive neutron signatures of irradiated light-water reactor fuel assemblies is a rapid and simple technique for verifying operator-declared exposure values. Fuel assemblies from four different reactor facilities have been measured to establish the functional relationship between the operator-declared exposure values and the experimentally measured neutron emission rates. Experimentally measured neutron emission rates of small fuel rod sections have been shown to agree with the predicted results from our calculational model. Destructive results for the actinide isotopes also agreed very well with our prediction. Neutron emission rates varied by 30 to 40% between opposite corners of the source fuel assembly. Symmetrical neutron detector systems that measure all sides simultaneously were evaluated.
Food Functionality of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Cultivated in Jeju Island (2005)

Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly known as prickly pear cactus, is commercially grown as a food and medicinal plant in Jeju Island, Korea. The crushed pads and fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica were dried in a freezedryer and ground into flour to be used for food materials. The major components of proximate compositions were part of a nitrogen free extract. The major minerals were Ca (4391.2~2086.9 mg%), K (1932.1~2608.7 mg%), and Mg (800.6~1984.8 mg%). The major amino acid was glutamic acid, comprising 16.3% of total amino acids in fruit and 25.2% in pad. Dihydroflavonols were identified as (+)-trans-dihydrokaempferol and (+)-trans-dihydroquercetin. Citric acid methyl esters extracted from fruits showed inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase-B. The presence of trimethyl citrate has been reported in other plants, but 1,3-dimethyl citrate and 1-monomethyl citrate have not been previously reported. The results of pharmacological efficacy tests, including serum biochemical and hematological parameters, autonomic nervous system, anti-inflammatory, analgestic activity, anti-diabetic activity, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase activity, hyperlipidemia, the respiratory system, antigastic, and anti-ulcerative actions indicate that the fruit and pad of the Opuntia ficus-indica are rich sources of food and medicinal materials.
Analysis of the acoustic transients in the pulse response of the linear electro-optic effect (1976)

The pulse response of the linear electro-optic effect is investigated with high temporal and spatial resolution in KDP, KD*P, and biaxial LiCOOH · H2O. Experimental results, which are explained theoretically, show that the piezo-optic transients induced by the piezoelectric effect, are generated by stress release waves. Starting from the surfaces, these excite by reflection, diffraction, and superposition, due to the finite crystal dimensions, normal vibration modes too. It is shown that the direct electro-optic effect can be measured for all crystal classes at the beginning of the pulse response. The pulse method also yields static electro-optic, piezo-optic, and elastic constants. The values of r′63, r63, p66 and c66 measured in KDP, agree well with those of other authors. Measurement of the direct electro-optic effect of LiCOOH · H2O in some directions yields values within 1 to 4 × 10−12 m/V. Die Pulsantwortfunktion des linearen elektrooptischen Effektes wird mit hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung an KDP, KD*P und dem optisch zweiachsigen LiCOOH · H2O untersucht. Die Ergebnisse, die auch theoretisch bestätigt werden können, zeigen, daß die dabei beobachteten, piezoelektrisch erzeugten piezooptischen Phänomene von stufenför-migen Entlastungswellen herrühren, die von den Grenzflächcn ausgehen, und bei deren Reflexion, Beugung und überlagerung, infolge der endlichen Ausdehnung der Kristalle, zusätzlich mechanische Eigenschwingungen angeregt werden. Es folgt daraus, daß der direkte elektrooptische Effekt am Anfang der Pulsantwort bei allen Kristallklassen gemessen werden kann. Daneben liefert die Pulsmethode die statischen elektrooptischen, piezo-optischen und elastischen Konstanten. Die an KDP gemessenen Werte von r′63, r63, p66 und c66 stimmen innerhalb der Meßgenauigkeit mit Werten anderer Autoren überein. Die Messung des direkten elektrooptischen Effektes von LiCOOH · H2O in einigen Richtungen ergibt Werte im Bereich 1 bis 4 × 10−12 m/V.
Historical comparison of vehicles using scanned x-ray images (2011)

X-ray scanners are increasingly used for scanning vehicles crossing international borders or entering critical infrastructure installations. The ability to penetrate through steel and other opaque materials and the nondestructive nature of x-ray radiation make them ideal for finding drugs, explosives and other contraband. In many situations, the same vehicles cross the checkpoint repeatedly, such as the employee vehicles entering a high-risk facility or cargo vehicles crossing international borders back and forth. Manual analysis of these images puts extra burden on the operator and results in slow throughput. In this paper we report an integrated and fully automated system to solve this problem. In the first stage of the algorithm, a model-based segmentation approach is used to find the vehicle outline. It proceeds by first using background subtraction to find the overall body of the vehicle. Next, we find the outlines of tires by using rotating edge detection kernels. The lower outline of the vehicle is found using active contours. We then use a deformable registration approach to align the vehicles which is specifically designed for the requirements of this problem. An intensity normalization step is then performed to account for the intensity variations between the scans at two time points. We use a histogram-based approach that scales and shifts the histogram of one image to match that of the other. The differences between the two inspection results are computed next. We then apply knowledge-based rules to remove false alarms such as lights and driver's body. The system is specifically designed for back-scatter x-ray imaging which is a powerful modality for detecting organic materials such as drugs and explosives. We have applied this system to images scanned by a deployed x-ray scanner and have achieved satisfactory results.
How to Do Multimodal Detection of Affective States? (2011)

The human-element is crucial for designing and implementing interactive intelligent systems, and therefore on instructional design. This tutorial provides a description and hands-on demonstration for detection of affective states and a description of devices, methodologies and tools necessary for automatic detection of affective states. Automatic detection of affective states requires that the computer sense information that is complex and diverse, it can range from brain-waves signals, and biofeedback readings to face-based and gesture emotion recognition to posture and pressure sensing. Obtaining, processing and understanding that information, to create systems that improve learning, requires the use of several sensing devices (and their perceiving algorithms) and the application of software tools.