gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signalling by the <i>Drosophila</i> epidermal growth factor receptor is required for the specification and diversification of embryonic muscle progenitors (1998)

Muscle development initiates in the Drosophila embryo with the segregation of single progenitor cells, from which a complete set of myofibres arises. Each progenitor is assigned a unique fate, characterized by the expression of particular identity genes. We now demonstrate that the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor provides an inductive signal for the specification of a large subset of muscle progenitors. In the absence of the receptor or its ligand, SPITZ, specific progenitors fail to segregate. The resulting unspecified mesodermal cells undergo programmed cell death. In contrast, receptor hyperactivation generates supernumerary progenitors, as well as the duplication of at least one SPITZ-dependent myofibre. The development of individual muscles is differentially sensitive to variations in the level of signalling by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Such graded myogenic effects can be influenced by alterations in the functions of Star and rhomboid. In addition, muscle patterning is dependent on the generation of a spatially restricted, activating SPITZ signal, a process that may rely on the localized mesodermal expression of RHOMBOID. Thus, the epidermal growth factor receptor contributes both to muscle progenitor specification and to the diversification of muscle identities.
<scp>XV</scp>. Yeast sequencing reports. Nucleotide sequence of the <i>GDS1</i> gene of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

We have cloned and sequenced the GDS1 gene located on the right arm of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene codes for a 522 amino acid serine-rich protein with no obvious homology to proteins in the database. GDS1 gene was isolated as the multicopy suppressor of the glycerol-deficient phenotype caused by the nam9-1 mutation in the yeast nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial ribosomal protein homologous to S4 proteins from various organisms. Disruption-deletion of the GDS1 open reading frame leads to a partial impairment of growth on medium containing glycerol as the carbon source, indicating mitochondrial function of the gene product.
Human thiopurine <i>S</i> -methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Variant allozyme misfolding and aggresome formation (2005)

Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. TPMT genetic polymorphisms represent a striking example of the potential clinical value of pharmacogenetics. Subjects homozygous for TPMT*3A, the most common variant allele for low activity, an allele that encodes a protein with two changes in amino acid sequence, are at greatly increased risk for life-threatening toxicity when treated with standard doses of thiopurines. These subjects have virtually undetectable levels of TPMT protein. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TPMT*3A might result in protein misfolding and aggregation. We observed that TPMT*3A forms aggresomes in cultured cells and that it aggregates in vitro, functional mechanisms not previously described in pharmacogenetics. Furthermore, there was a correlation among TPMT half-life values in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, aggresome formation in COS-1 cells, and protein aggregation in vitro for the three variant allozymes encoded by alleles that include the two TPMT*3A single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These observations were compatible with a common structural explanation for all of these effects, a conclusion supported by size-exclusion chromatography and CD spectroscopy. The results of these experiments provide insight into a unique pharmacogenetic mechanism by which common polymorphisms affect TPMT protein function and, as a result, therapeutic response to thiopurine drugs.
Sorter-Based Arithmetic Circuits for Sigma-Delta Domain Signal Processing—Part II: Multiplication and Algebraic Functions (2012)

We construct arithmetic modules for signal processing with sigma-delta modulated signal form which has advantage in signal quality over other pulsed signal forms. In the second part of this paper, multi-input multipliers are presented first. Secondly, dividers and square root function modules with the multiplier on their internal feedback path are constructed. Combined use of the multipliers, dividers, and the square root functions creates various algebraic functions including polynomial and rational functions. Only two bit-manipulations, bit-permutation with sorting networks and bit-reversal with NOT gates, have built up all the algebraic operations on any form of SD modulated signals. These modules, together with transcendental functions presented in the first part of this paper, organize an extensive module library for the sigma-delta domain signal processing. The multiplier output contains noise components which originate from quantization. The noise power can decrease in exchange for circuit complexity. A time-division multiplexing technique based on N-tone sigma-delta modulation is applied to the multipliers for reducing the complexity. Signal processing circuits built of nanometer-scale quantum effect devices must be equipped with fault tolerance of transient device error. By computer simulation of a multiplier built of single-electron tunneling devices, we found that the multiplier decreased its output SNDR from 43 to 27 dB at an OSR of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> as the device error rate increased from 0 to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . However, the multiplier was never functionally failed during the simulation.
Temperature gradients in the channels of a single‐screw extruder (2004)

Abstract We used a temperature‐sensitive fluorescent dye, perylene, to monitor the true resin temperature during extrusion of polycarbonate. The measurement involved doping polycarbonate with perylene and detecting fluorescence with an optical sensor that accesses a standard instrumentation port on a barrel of a single‐screw extruder. The sensor's confocal optics design permits fluorescence intensity measurements as a function of position. Using a previously established calibration function, temperature and temperature gradients were obtained from the measured fluorescence. Because the origin of the measurement is the fluorescent dye molecule that is soluble in the resin, this method allows temperature measurement of the polymer without interference from the surrounding metal parts. With the sensor looking over the screw, temperature profiles from the barrel wall to the core of the screw were obtained as a function of screw speed, screw design and resin melt flow rate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2148–2157, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers. This paper is a contribution from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and, thus, is not subject to copyright in the United States.
Multimode degenerate mode cavity for microwave hyperthermia treatment (2006)

The paper describes a new approach to the selective transmission of electromagnetic energy into a well-defined volume of a dielectric medium, to produce very localised heating within the medium. The concept is based on mode degeneracy in high-order-mode microwave cavities, and constructive field enhancement when several carefully selected degenerate modes are excited simultaneously. A particular embodiment of the cavity system might be a noninvasive hyperthermia procedure designed to raise the temperature of isolated, well-defined, tumours in a human patient or an animal, to eradicate cancer cells in a defined location. Theoretical results based on constructive interference processes for selected modes, which find their basis in well-established antenna-array pattern formulations, are presented.
Potential antiparkinsonic agents: Synthesis and pharmacology of some 4-fluoro-4'-halogen'benzhydryl 2-(N,N-disubstituted amino)ethyl ethers (1984)

Reactions of 4,4'-dihalogenated benzhydrols and 1,1-diphenylethanols Xab and XIab with sodium hydride and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride and 2-pyrrolidinoethyl chloride afforded the ethers Vab-VIIIab . 2-Bromoethyl ethers IXab , obtained from the benzhydrols Xab and 2-bromoethanol by treatment with sulfuric acid, were subjected to substitution reactions with 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol, 4-(2-tolyl)piperidin-4-ol ( XVI ), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol and 4-(2-oxobenzimidazolin-1-yl)piperidine ( XVII ) and gave the amino ethers XIIab-XIVab and XIXab . The products were evaluated as potential antiparkinsonic agents and compared with flunamine ( III ). The ethers Va, Vb and VIa disclosed anticataleptic activity of a similar degree like that of flunamine ( III ).
Towards a juggling 87Rb atomic dual fountain (2018)

This paper presents methods for achieving and optimizing a Juggling Atomic Dual Fountain (JADF) of alkali atom 87Rb with one magneto-optical trap (MOT) vacuum chamber. The height difference of this two atomic fountains is 30 cm, the temperature and atom number of each atomic cloud are 2.0±0.2 μK and 1.4(±0.05)×108, respectively. The dependence of the recaptured atom number on the height of the pre-launched atomic cloud is investigated. This JADF provides a low temperature, large atom number and common-mode noise elimination atomic source for developing a highly stable, compact atomic gravity gradiometer. At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 8 April 2019.
Experimental study of signal dependent noise in perpendicular recording (2003)

The extracted dipulse technique, or pseudorandom sequence method, has been used to determine the dependence of the noise upon the signal. Four main types of echo are identified. A simple model is developed and the simulated waveforms are used to substantiate the physical interpretation of the noise echo pulse. The model takes into account the most significant eigenmodes of noise obtained from experimental dibit data at different linear densities using a Karhunen–Loeve expansion. The calculations and experimental data agree very well from low linear density up to high linear density where the supralinear noise occurs.
Trusted Computing for Disk Drives and Other Peripherals (2006)

Disk drives and other intelligent peripherals are critical to security, privacy, and trust in the computing infrastructure. This article proposes a framework to describe why and how these peripheral devices can be secured as independent roots of trust
Quantitation of Phytoestrogens in Legumes by HPLC (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitation of Phytoestrogens in Legumes by HPLCAdrian A. Franke, Laurie J. Custer, Carmencita M. Cerna, and Kavitha K. NaralaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 9, 1905–1913Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00045a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00045a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1249Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo Study on Optimization of Reflectors in Pixelated CsI Film for Mammographic Application (2008)

Isotropic light spread in the scintillator film decreases the spatial resolution of scintillator-based digital X-ray imaging systems such as digital radiography and mammography.Pixelation of the scintillator film could be a good solution to overcome this limitation.This has been demonstrated with pixilated CsI:Tl layers which was made by thermal evaporation process on a pre-patterned substrate or which was post-patterned by laser after preparation.Additionally, in order to minimize cross-talk between pixels and to maximize light collection efficiency, a reflection material can be coated on the top and side surfaces of each pixilated scintillator block.In This paper, several materials such as Al, and quarter-wave multilayer reflector with SiO 2 and TiO 2 were considered as the reflector materials of pixilated CsI:Tl scintillator blocks.Through a serious of simulations given below on these simple 2-dimensional scintillator blocks coated by a reflector, reflectivity, cross-talk, and modulation transfer function were calculated to find the optimum reflector.
Enhydrazine, 12<sup>1)</sup> Einige Produkte aus 1‐Alkyl‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐pyrazolcarbonsäure‐methylestern (1976)

Abstract Aus dem 5‐Pyrazolon 1 werden das Acetat sowie einige Äther und Substitutionsprodukte in 4‐Position dargestellt, die sich von der tautomeren 5‐Hydroxypyrazol‐Form ableiten, in der auch die freie Ausgangsverbindung vorliegt. Ferner wird das Enhydrazin 14 beschrieben und in die beiden isomeren Hydroxypyrazolester 15 und 16 umgewandelt.
Chemical Insect Attractants and Repellents (1966)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Quantum Information Processing Without Entanglement (2000)

Quantum computers have the potential to significantly reduce the amount of time required for certain computational tasks. It is often assumed that for a quantum computer to be efficient, entanglement between different states is required. Ahn et al . (page [463][1]) show that a single quantum system possessing no entanglement whatsoever can implement the search algorithm in a non-classical and highly effective way.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/287/5452/463
Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Sanitary Sewer Pipeline Condition Assessment (2001)

Recent advances in optical sensors and computing technologies have led to the development of inspection systems for underground facilities such as water lines, sewer pipes, and telecommunication conduits. It is now possible for inspection technologies that require no human entry into underground structures to be fully automated, from data acquisition to data analysis, and eventually to condition assessment. This paper describes the development of an automated data interpretation system for sanitary sewer pipelines. The interpretation system obtains optical data from the Sewer Scanner and Evaluation Technology (SSET), which is known to be the current leading-edge technology in inspecting sanitary sewer pipelines. The proposed system utilizes artificial neural networks to recognize various types of defects in sanitary sewer pipelines. The framework of this system includes modification of digital images for preprocessing, image feature segmentation, utilization of multiple neural networks for feature pattern recognition, and the fusion of multiple neural networks via the use of fuzzy logic systems.
Characterization of a chemoattractant for endothelium induced by angiogenesis effectors. (1984)

The mechanism of neovascularization was further explored by the use of chemically defined angiogenesis effectors. The vascularization of the rabbit cornea was selected as an experimental approach that permits comparison of one cornea treated by the angiogenesis effector with the contralateral cornea of the same subject treated by the same molecule deprived of angiogenic capacity. Under these conditions, we observed that neovascularization was initiated by the appearance of a chemoattractant for the bovine capillary endothelium only in the cornea treated by the angiogenesis effector. The chemoattractant was purified about 150-fold by a single-step procedure, using gelatin:Sepharose affinity chromatography. Chemoattraction resulted from the combined effect of a chemotactic factor(s) and an activating factor(s). The association of the two enhanced 5- to 8-fold the motility of the capillary endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner with optimum at 0.2 mg/ml. The activating factor(s) does not have chemotactic capacity, but without it, chemotaxis is reduced to about one half. The chemotactic complex was present in the cornea regardless of the nature of the angiogenesis effector used as the triggering device. Heat and proteases eliminated chemotaxis and destroyed the chemotactic complex. Thus, neovascularization may be triggered by effectors able to induce in the cornea proteins, normally not present, that influence angiogenesis via mobilization of capillary endothelium.
Molecular Mechanism of Allosteric Substrate Activation in a Thiamine Diphosphate-dependent Decarboxylase (2007)

Thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes are involved in a wide variety of metabolic pathways. The molecular mechanism behind active site communication and substrate activation, observed in some of these enzymes, has since long been an area of debate. Here, we report the crystal structures of a phenylpyruvate decarboxylase in complex with its substrates and a covalent reaction intermediate analogue. These structures reveal the regulatory site and unveil the mechanism of allosteric substrate activation. This signal transduction relies on quaternary structure reorganizations, domain rotations, and a pathway of local conformational changes that are relayed from the regulatory site to the active site. The current findings thus uncover the molecular mechanism by which the binding of a substrate in the regulatory site is linked to the mounting of the catalytic machinery in the active site in this thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme.
Assay of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation of G Proteins in Native Cell Membranes Using [<SUP>35</SUP>S]GTPγS Binding (2003)

The interaction of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with the G protein is the first step in the transduction of receptor binding to the activation of second-messenger systems mediated by G proteins. Binding of the poorly hydroylzable GTP analog guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]-GTP gamma S) to the alpha subunit of a G protein has been used as a biochemical assay to measure the efficacy of a compound. The maximal percent stimulation of [35S]GTP gamma S binding, induced by an agonist, correlates well with the efficacy of an agonist in an in vivo system. The concentration of agonist necessary to achieve 50% of the maximal stimulation is indicative of the affinity of the agonist for the receptor, under the assay conditions. The [35S]GTP gamma S binding assay, which uses membranes from either myeloma cells or endogenous tissues, is a biochemical assay to determine the efficacies of agonists for receptors that are expressed endogenously. Novel compounds that have been shown to have high affinity in radioligand receptor-binding assays are screened in the [35S]GTP gamma S binding assay to determine if they are agonists, antagonists, or partial agonists at a particular receptor.
Cordless telephone system and its propagation characteristics (1977)

The cordless telephone system is designed to replace the indoor portion of a subscriber line with a radio so that a telephone set can be carried about freely and used anywhere within a limited service area. Therefore, it can be considered to be a partial realization of a portable telephone system. A description of the cordless telephone system using the 250-MHz and 400-MHz bands, which is scheduled to be put into commercial service is presented. The propagation characteristics, such as indoor propagation and urban area propagation for short distances, which are important for the system are also presented. Finally, the ultrasmall zone (minicellular zone) composition, which is newly employed in the system, is described.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous Titania Beads with Controllable Diameter, High Surface Areas, and Variable Pore Diameters (14−23 nm) (2010)

Monodisperse mesoporous anatase titania beads with high surface areas and tunable pore size and grain diameter have been prepared through a combined sol-gel and solvothermal process in the presence of hexadecylamine (HDA) as a structure-directing agent. The monodispersity of the resultant titania beads, along with the spherical shape, can be controlled by varying the amount of structure-directing agent involved in the sol-gel process. The diameter of the titania beads is tunable from approximately 320 to 1150 nm by altering the hydrolysis and condensation rates of the titanium alkoxide. The crystallite size, specific surface area (from 89 to 120 m(2)/g), and pore size distribution (from 14 to 23 nm) of the resultant materials can be varied through a mild solvothermal treatment in the presence of varied amounts of ammonia. On the basis of the results of small-angle XRD, high-resolution SEM/TEM, and gas sorption characterization, a mechanism for the formation of the monodisperse precursor beads has been proposed to illustrate the role of HDA in determining the morphology and monodispersity during the sol-gel synthesis. The approach presented in this study demonstrates that simultaneous control of the physical properties, including specific surface area, mesoporosity, crystallinity, morphology, and monodispersity, of the titania materials can be achieved by a facile sol-gel synthesis and solvothermal process.
A Survey of Statistical Machine Translation (2007)

Statistical machine translation (SMT) treats the translation of natural language as a machine learning problem. By examining many samples of human-produced translation, SMT algorithms automatically learn how to translate. SMT has made tremendous strides in less than two decades, and many popular techniques have only emerged within the last few years. This survey presents a tutorial overview of state-of-the-art SMT at the beginning of 2007. We begin with the context of the current research, and then move to a formal problem description and an overview of the four main subproblems: translational equivalence modeling, mathematical modeling, parameter estimation, and decoding. Along the way, we present a taxonomy of some different approaches within these areas. We conclude with an overview of evaluation and notes on future directions.
Treatment-based traffic classification for residential wireless networks (2015)

As broadband connection capacities increase, residential network users can experience performance degradation when multiple applications run concurrently over bottlenecked wireless access points (APs). This paper presents Classification and Treatment iN an AP (CATNAP), a plug-and-play solution, that automatically classifies and treats flows passing through an AP without any user intervention. Implemented in NS-2 and evaluated against DropTail and Strict Priority Queuing under various network and traffic conditions, CATNAP provides better QoS support for VoIP, games and streaming video applications.