gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MECHANISM OF ORGANIC REACTIONS. I. THE WANDERING OF ACYL GROUPS IN GLYCEROL ESTERS (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMECHANISM OF ORGANIC REACTIONS. I. THE WANDERING OF ACYL GROUPS IN GLYCEROL ESTERSHarold Hibbert and Neal M. CarterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 5, 1601–1613Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01380a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01380a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generalized Bleustein Modes (1972)

Abstract : This article presents a general formulation of the boundary value problem for a Bleustein mode piezoelectric surface wave. The problem is solved explicitly for those cases where the secular equation is biquadratic and Bleustein modes are shown to exist upon certain cuts of crystal in Classes 4, 6, 4mm, 6mm bar 4, bar 6 m 2, 23 bar 4 3 m and bar 4 2 m.
Structure of a new alkaline serine protease (M-protease) from<i>Bacillus</i>sp. KSM-K16 (1995)

An alkaline serine protease, M-protease, from Bacillus sp. KSM-K16 has been crystallized. Two morphologically different crystal forms were obtained. Crystal data of form 1: space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 47.3, b = 62.5, c = 75.6 A, V = 2.23 x 10(5) A(3), Z = 4 and V(m) = 2.09 A(3) Da(-1). Crystal data of form 2: space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 75.82 (2), b = 57.79 (2), c = 54.19 (1) A, V = 2.29 (2) x 10(5) A(3), Z = 4 and V(m) = 2.15 A(3) Da(-1). The crystal structure of M-protease in form 2 has been solved by molecular replacement using the atomic model of subtilisin Carlsberg (SBC) which is 60% homologous with M-protease, and refined to the crystallographic R-factor of 0.189 for 7004 reflections with F(o)/sigma(F) > 3 between 7 and 2.4 A resolution. The final model of M-protease contains 1882 protein atoms, two calcium ions and 44 water molecules. The three-dimensional structure of M-protease is essentially similar to other subtilisins of known structure. The 269 C(alpha) positions of M-protease have an r.m.s. difference of 1.06 A with the corresponding positions of SBC. The crystal data of form 2 are close to those of SBC, though the structure determination of form 2 made it clear that it is not isomorphous to the crystal structure of SBC. The deletions of amino acids occur at the residues 36' and 160'-163' compared with SBC (numerals with primes show the numbering for SBC). The deletion of the four residues (160'-163') may significantly affect the lack of isomorphism between M-protease and SBC.
Mass disasters: Rapid molecular screening of human remains by means of short tandem repeats typing (1995)

Human remains identification represents a challenging situation and constitutes a difficult task associated with mass disasters. The only highly efficient means for individual and family group reconstruction is that based on DNA typing. On July 18, 1994 an explosion destroyed the A.M.I.A. (Argentine Israeli Association). Over 100 people died; however, the exact number of victims is still being investigated. Our Service received over 70 remains to be characterized by DNA typing in order to determine the number of victims and to try to reconstruct the family groups to which they belonged. DNA was extracted by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) based protocol, a rapid molecular screening of all samples was carried out by multiplex STR amplifications including HUMTH01, HUMFABP, HUMHPRTB, HUMRENA4, HUMVWA, HUMFES/FPS and Y27H39LR. Samples with identical genotypes were HaeIII-digested. Southern blotted and probed with YNH-24 (D2S44). PH-30 (D4S139). LH-1 (D5S110) and MS-1 (D1S7) for variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) evaluation. The minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) approach was used in those cases in which band or profile shift were detected in Southern blot assays. Kinship between victims and putative relatives was initially evaluated by comparison of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles and then confirmed by VNTR with the above probes. The high identification efficiency attained in this case is, in part, supported by a previous experience, the DNA-based molecular characterization of human remains caused by the explosion of the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, March 1992.
A PWM CSI-based vector controlled medium voltage AC drive with sinusoidal input and output waveforms (2002)

A vector controlled medium voltage AC motor drive is proposed in this paper which is based on a current source topology consisting of a PWM GTO current source inverter (CSI) as the output connected to the motor and a two-module PWM GTO current source rectifier (CSR) as the front end. The output inverter is operated with selective harmonic elimination (SHE) patterns with variable fundamental frequency and a maximum switching frequency of 300 Hz. The conventional direct vector control strategy for induction motors is adapted to incorporate the effect of the output capacitors of the CSI. The front end two-module PWM GTO CSR is operated with an SHE pattern eliminating the 11th and 13th harmonics and is connected to the AC mains through a three winding transformer which also eliminates the 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th harmonics. The regulation of the DC link current is achieved by phase shifting the SHE pattern of the rectifier modules. The paper includes the study and analysis of the front end topology, the input transformer, input harmonic characteristics, input power factor for various industrial loads, the inverter control strategy, simulation results and experiments on a 50 kVA system.
Isolation and expansion of the catabolic potential of a Pseudomonas putida strain able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (1995)

Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1 was isolated after enrichment on minimal medium with 1% (vol/vol) toluene as the sole C source. The strain was able to grow in the presence of 90% (vol/vol) toluene and was tolerant to organic solvents whose log P(ow) (octanol/water partition coefficient) was higher than 2.3. Solvent tolerance was inducible, as bacteria grown in the absence of toluene required an adaptation period before growth restarted. Mg2+ ions in the culture medium improved solvent tolerance. Electron micrographs showed that cells growing on high concentrations of toluene exhibited a wider periplasmic space than cells growing in the absence of toluene and preserved the outer membrane integrity. Polarographic studies and the accumulation of pathway intermediates showed that the strain used the toluene-4-monooxygenase pathway to catabolyze toluene. Although the strain also thrived in high concentrations of m- and p-xylene, these hydrocarbons could not be used as the sole C source for growth. The catabolic potential of the isolate was expanded to include m- and p-xylene and related hydrocarbons by transfer of the TOL plasmid pWW0-Km.
Effects of the pH/ <i>p</i> CO <sub>2</sub> control method on medium chemistry and phytoplankton growth (2009)

Abstract. The control of key chemical parameters in phytoplankton cultures, such as pCO2, pH and Ω (the saturation state of calcium carbonate), is made difficult by the interdependence of these parameters and by the changes resulting from the growth of the organisms, such as CO2 fixation, nutrient uptake and, for coccolithophores, calcite precipitation. Even in cultures where pCO2 or pH is maintained constant, other chemical parameters change substantially at high cell densities. Experimentally we observed that various methods of adjustment of pCO2/pH – acid or base addition, use of buffers or pH-stats, or bubbling of CO2-enriched air – can be used, the choice of one or the other depending on the goals of the experiments. At seawater pH, we measured the same growth rates in cultures of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii where the pCO2/pH was controlled by these different methods. The pH/pCO2 control method also did not affect the rates of growth or calcification of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi at seawater pH. At lower pH/higher pCO2, in the E. huxleyi strain PLY M219, we observed increases in rates of carbon fixation and calcification per cell, along with a slight increase in growth rate, except in bubbled cultures. In our hands, the bubbling of cultures seemed to induce more variable results than other methods of pCO2/pH control. While highly convenient, the addition of pH buffers to the medium apparently induces changes in trace metal availability and cannot be used under trace metal-limiting conditions.
Osteogenic differentiation of cultured rat and human bone marrow cells on the surface of zinc‐releasing calcium phosphate ceramics (2003)

Rat and human bone marrow cells (BMCs) were cultured on a composite ceramic of zinc-containing beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (ZnTCP/HAP) with a (Ca+Zn)/P molar ratio of 1.60 and varying zinc contents. After a 2-week culture of the BMCs in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone, many macroscopic mineralized areas with high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were seen on the ZnTCP/HAP ceramic disks. The ALP activity increased with increasing zinc content in the ceramics. The highest ALP activity was observed when the BMCs were cultured on the ceramics with 1.26 wt % zinc, and the ceramics released zinc ions at concentrations from 2.2 to 7.2 microg/mL into the culture medium. Zinc ions were incorporated into mineralized areas produced by BMCs. BMCs also were directly cultured onto the culture dish surface, and the addition of 100 microM of free ZnCl(2) (6.5 microg/mL) to the culture medium significantly increased the ALP activity of the BMCs relative to the culture medium without the ZnCl(2)addition. The maximum zinc concentration required to enhance mineralization was higher in human BMCs than in rat BMCs. The present study demonstrates the superiority of ZnTCP/HAP ceramics over TCP/HAP in supporting the osteogenic differentiation of BMCs, and thus these ceramics are safe and useful in clinical settings, such as for bone reconstructive surgery.
Molecular Size Distributions of Dissolved Organic Matter (1992)

Twelve samples were obtained from a groundwater basin containing significant levels of color caused by the humic constituents of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The DOM present in raw source samples was characterized according to apparent molecular size (AMS) distribution. The resultant AMS distributions—expressed in terms of dissolved organic carbon, UV absorbance, and trihalomethane formation potential—were found to provide insight into potential treatment process applicability. Ozonation showed the most merit for lower‐color, lower‐AMS sources, whereas coagulation or membrane treatment was more suitable for higher‐color, higher‐AMS sources. No clear treatment niche (i.e., AMS range) was identified for activated carbon adsorption.
A 13000 gate 3 layer metal bipolar gate array (2003)

A 13000 gate ECL TTL (emitter-coupled logic/transistor-transistor logic) bipolar logic array featuring 100-ps/gate delay has been developed. A revolutionary design technique was used to significantly reduce the worst-case power consumptions to less than 10 W. A bipolar channelless architecture helps minimize interconnect delay, but still maintains cell utilization to well over 95% without the use of quad-level metal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The second‐generation polysulfone gas‐separation membrane. II. The relationship between sol properties, gel macrovoids, and fiber selectivity (1990)

Abstract All integrally skinned asymmetric membranes contain some defects which are attributable to the incomplete coalescence of the nodule aggregates of which the skin layer is composed. When such defects are small in size and few in number, they can be effectively sealed by coating with a highly permeable polymer. The resulting composite then exhibits the selectivity to gas permeation which is characteristic of the base polymer. Prior to their sealing, therefore, such membranes can be said to exhibit the potential for intrinsic selectivity. However, not all gas separation membranes can be effectively sealed. In the present study the relationship between sol properties, the presence of macrovoids in the substructure of the gel, and the subsequent failure of the fibers to achieve the potential for intrinsic selectivity are considered. Macrovoid‐free fibers with the potential for intrinsic selectivity can be prepared by the utilization of high viscosity, high total solids sols with low nonsolvent tolerance whose solvent vehicles consist of appropriate Lewis acid: base complexes.
Statistical power allocation strategy for vector block-fading channels (2005)

The paper studies power control schemes for achieving the ergodic capacity of vector block-fading (BF) channels when the channel state information (CSI) is available to both transmitter and receiver sides. The optimal water-filling solution achieves the maximum ergodic capacity, but requires complicated calculations and frequent adjustment of the transmission powers. On the other hand, a single-target constant power (ST-CP) policy is easier to implement, but experiences large capacity loss compared to the optimal solution. A suboptimal policy is proposed which first groups the sub-channels within the frame of interest into multiple grouped channels, then allocates different constant powers to each grouped channel using a statistical water-filling (SWF) policy. The new scheme asymptotically achieves the maximum ergodic capacity. Simulations are given to evaluate the performance of the new scheme, and to compare it with the optimal power allocation scheme and the single-target constant power policy.
Chromosomal assignment of the murine gene encoding the transformation-related protein p53. (1984)

p53 is a transformation-related protein that is encoded by the cellular genome and is synthesized at elevated levels in a wide range of different cell line types and in primary tumors of various species. By using several independently established anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies, it was possible to distinguish between p53 of mouse origin and p53 of Chinese hamster origin. By analysis of a series of mouse X Chinese hamster hybrid cell lines containing various mouse chromosomes, we mapped the p53 gene product to mouse chromosome 11.
Fast construction of FM-index for long sequence reads (2014)

https://github.com/lh3/ropebwt2 CONTACT: hengli@broadinstitute.org.
π-Complexes incorporating tetraphenyltetraethynylethene (1994)

Tetraphenyltetraethynylethene and the π-acceptors 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one and (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluoroenylidene)malononitrile from highly ordered donor–acceptor π-complexes having 1 : 2 stoichiometry in the solid state; in solution, relatively weak 1 : 1 complexes are formed whose stabilities are related to the spatial disposition of the donor phenyl rings.
Hierarchical Oriented Anatase TiO2 Nanostructure arrays on Flexible Substrate for Efficient Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

The vertically oriented anatase single crystalline TiO2 nanostructure arrays (TNAs) consisting of TiO2 truncated octahedrons with exposed {001} facets or hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes (HNTs) consisting of numerous nanocrystals on Ti-foil substrate were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal growth process. The first step hydrothermal reaction of Ti foil and NaOH leads to the formation of H-titanate nanowire arrays, which is further performed the second step hydrothermal reaction to obtain the oriented anatase single crystalline TiO2 nanostructures such as TiO2 nanoarrays assembly with truncated octahedral TiO2 nanocrystals in the presence of NH4F aqueous or hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes with walls made of nanocrystals in the presence of pure water. Subsequently, these TiO2 nanostructures were utilized to produce dye-sensitized solar cells in a backside illumination pattern, yielding a significant high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.66% (TNAs, J(SC) = 7.46 mA cm(-2), V(OC) = 839 mV, FF = 0.75) and 5.84% (HNTs, J(SC) = 10.02 mA cm(-2), V(OC) = 817 mV, FF = 0.72), respectively.
Practical syntheses of [1,3,5]‐triazine dendritic molecules on solid supports (2006)

Abstract A practical and divergent synthesis of supported [1,3,5]‐triazine dendritic molecules on Wang resin, PEGA resin, SynPhase™ Lanterns, and silica gel is described. The alkylamine linkers used allow derivatization with functionality for both synthetic (e.g., supported reagent and scavenger activity) and chemical biology applications. The use of supported intermediates allows differentiation of symmetric linkers without the need for protecting group chemistry. The synthetic route uses inexpensive, readily available starting materials in a straightforward and scaleable strategy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2248–2259, 2006
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Cholecystokinin Receptor Ligands (Agonists and Antagonists) (1999)

During the last few years, cholecystokinin (CCK) has emerged as an important hormone. This polypeptide has been located either in peripheral tissues such as the gastro-intestinal tract and the pancreas as well as in the central nervous system. High affinity CCK receptors are divided in two main subtypes: the CCK-A (A for (A for "alimentary") and the CCK-B (B for "brain") receptors. The latters are currently associated with the gastrin receptors. Since CCK is involved in many different biological processes such as gut function, digestive processes, control of feeding behaviour and neurotransmitter release, the therapeutical potential of cholecystokinin receptor ligands seems to be extremely broad and promising. Several families of CCK receptor ligands (peptides, peptidomimetics, peptoids or non-peptides) were prepared during the last twenty years. The main goal of these researches was to improve agonistic or antagonistic potency but also to find selective compounds for a specific CCK receptor subtype. This review presents the recent developments (since 1995) in the chemistry of CCK receptor ligands.
Regulation of valanimycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces viridifaciens: characterization of VlmI as a Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) (2009)

Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) have been shown to activate transcription by binding to a tandemly arrayed set of heptameric direct repeats located around the -35 region of their cognate promoters. Experimental evidence is presented here showing that vlmI is a regulatory gene in the valanimycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces viridifaciens and encodes a protein belonging to the SARP family. The organization of the valanimycin biosynthetic gene cluster suggests that the valanimycin biosynthetic genes are located on three potential transcripts, vlmHORBCD, vlmJKL and vlmA. Disruption of vlmI abolished valanimycin biosynthesis. Western blot analyses showed that VlmR and VlmA are absent from the vlmI mutant and that the production of VlmK is severely diminished. These results demonstrate that the expression of these genes from the three potential transcripts is under the positive control of VlmI. The vlmA-vlmH and vlmI-vlmJ intergenic regions both exhibit a pattern of heptameric direct repeats. Gel shift assays with VlmI overproduced in Escherichia coli as a C-terminal FLAG-tagged protein clearly demonstrated that VlmI binds to DNA fragments from both regions that contain these heptameric repeats. When a high-copy-number vlmI expression plasmid was introduced into Streptomyces coelicolor M512, which contains mutations in the undecylprodigiosin and actinorhodin activators redD and actII-orf4, undecylprodigiosin production was restored, showing that vlmI can complement a redD mutation. Introduction of the same vlmI expression plasmid into an S. viridifaciens vlmI mutant restored valanimycin production to wild-type levels.
Hsp27 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancers (2014)

Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), induced by heat shock, environmental and pathophysiological stressors, is a multidimensional protein that acts as a protein chaperone and an antioxidant. This protein plays a major role in the inhibition of apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. This stress-activated protein is up-regulated in many cancers and is associated with poor prognosis as well as treatment resistance by protecting cells from therapeutic agent that normally induces apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent findings and role of Hsp27 in cancer and the different strategies to target and inhibit Hsp27 for clinical purposes.
A Method of Drusen Measurement Based on the Geometry of Fundus Reflectance (2003)

Semi-automated, supervised drusen measurements may be done reproducibly and accurately with adaptations of commercial software. This technique for macular image analysis has potential for use in clinical research.
Hydrogel Microvalves Fabricated Using In-situ Polymerization (2000)

Hydrogel microvalves, which consist of a single smart hydrogel material that undergoes a volume change in response to changes in local pH, have been developed. The hydrogel components were fabricated inside microchannels using in-situ photopolymerization. Two 2D shut-off valves and one 3D hybrid valve were fabricated and tested. Flow and pressure performances were studied. Analytical modeling was performed on the 3D valve. The behavior of hydrogel valves in electrokinetic flow was also investigated. Hydrogel microvalves have a number of advantages over conventional microvalves, including relatively simple fabrication, no external power requirement, no integrated electronics and large displacement.
Linear B-cell epitopes in the spike and nucleocapsid proteins as markers of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and disease severity (2020)

Biomedical Research Council (BMRC), the A*ccelerate GAP-funded project (ACCL/19-GAP064-R20H-H) from Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), and National Medical Research Council (NMRC) COVID-19 Research fund (COVID19RF-001) and CCGSFPOR20002. ATR is supported by the Singapore International Graduate Award (SINGA), A*STAR.
Morphometric Analysis of the Internal Auditory Canal by Computed Tomography Imaging (2012)

CT images showed that the IAC has different shapes and when the measurements obtained for children were compared with those of adults, the parameters that presented statistically significant differences in either gender were length and diameter.