gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Patterns of Altered MicroRNA Expression during the Adenoma-Adenocarcinoma Sequence for Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer (2011)

Our findings suggest that numerous microRNAs play roles in the sequence of molecular events, especially early events, resulting in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The temporal patterns and complexity of microRNAome alterations during progression will influence the efficacy of microRNAs for clinical purposes.
Quantum efficiency overestimation and deterministic cross talk resulting from interpixel capacitance (2006)

Pixels in both hybridized and monolithic complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector arrays may couple capacitively to their neighboring pixels. This "interpixel capacitance" can significantly distort the characterization of conversion efficiency and modulation transfer function (MTF) in CMOS devices. These effects have been largely unaccounted for in measurements to date. In this work, the effects of this coupling are investigated. Compensation methods for these errors are described and applied to silicon P-I-N array measurements. The measurement of Poisson noise, traditionally done by finding the mean square difference in a pair of images, needs to be modified to include the mean square correlation of differences with neighboring pixels.
Neurodevelopmental Disability Through 11 Years of Age in Children Born Before 26 Weeks of Gestation (2009)

Extremely preterm children remain at high risk for neurodevelopmental disability at 11 years of age compared with term peers. The prevalence of disability remained stable between 6 and 11 years of age, and large individual shifts in classification of disability were unusual.
Soluble CD14 Monocyte Antigen in Suction Blister Fluid and Serum of Patients with Psoriasis (1993)

The purpose of this study was to measure soluble CD14 (sCD14) molecules in the skin and in serum of patients with psoriasis. CD14 is a newly discovered cell surface marker on monocytes that is shed after cell activation. The following procedures were used: suction blisters were raised over the abdominal skin of 9 healthy control individuals and 8 patients with psoriasis. Serum of 17 healthy controls and 17 patients with psoriasis was collected. sCD14 was determined in suction blister fluid and serum by the ELISA technique. The clinical status of psoriasis was rated by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI score). We found that sCD14 levels in suction blisters of healthy skin (1,050 +/- 236 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) were similar to those of nonlesional psoriatic skin (841 +/- 113 ng/ml). By contrast, control serum contained 2,687 +/- 167 ng/ml, but psoriatic serum 4,059 +/- 388 ng/ml sCD14 (p = 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Linear-regression analysis revealed that serum sCD14 levels and the PASI score of patients did not correlate. We conclude that there is an abnormal monocyte stimulation in blood but not in nonlesional skin in psoriasis that is independent from the clinical status expressed by the PASI score.
Inhibition of Trypsin-Like Cysteine Proteinases (Gingipains) from<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>by Tetracycline and Its Analogues (2001)

Extracellular cysteine proteinases, referred to as gingipains, are considered important virulence factors for Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium recognized as a major etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis. We investigated the effect of tetracycline and its analogues, doxycycline and minocycline, on the enzymatic activities of gingipains. Tetracyclines at 100 microM totally inhibited the amidolytic activity of arginine-specific gingipains (HRgpA and RgpB). In contrast, inhibition of Kgp was less efficient and required a somewhat higher concentration of the antibiotic to achieve the same effect. Among tetracycline derivatives, the most potent gingipain inhibitor was doxycycline, followed by tetracycline and minocycline. RgpB was inhibited by doxycycline in an uncompetitive and reversible manner with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 3 microM. Significantly, inhibition was unaffected by calcium, excluding the chelating activity of tetracyclines as the mechanism of gingipain inactivation. In contrast, the inhibitory activities of the tetracyclines were reduced by cysteine, a reducing agent, suggesting an interference of the drug at the oxidative region with the catalytic system of the enzyme. Doxycycline, at 10 microM, significantly inhibited the RgpB-mediated production of vascular permeability-enhancing activity from human plasma, thus proving an effective inhibition of gingipain in vivo. These results indicate a new activity of tetracyclines as cysteine proteinase inhibitors and may explain the therapeutic efficiency of these antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis.
An Opto-Electronic Interferometer and Its Use in Subcarrier Add/Drop Multiplexing (2013)

Conventional interferometers split and recombine an optical signal after some limited optical processing in one or more of their interference paths. We study an interferometer structure that converts the signal to a different wavelength range for processing and converts it back to the original wavelength for interference. In particular, we consider intradyne conversion of the optical signal in one interferometer arm to digital electronic baseband, followed by digital electronic signal processing and subsequent electro-optic conversion, using the same laser for local oscillator and retransmitted signal. This allows for arbitrary time/frequency manipulations of an optical signal within the system's bandwidth capabilities while letting the other frequency portions of the signal pass through the system unchanged. We quantify the performance of such an opto-electronic interferometer as a subcarrier add/drop node in a digital optical communication system and study its tolerance to important practical hardware limitations.
Effect of Photoperiods on Testicular Growth and Onset of Egg-laying in the Guinea Fowl. (1993)

The weight of testis of the guinea fowl under 12L:12D and 6L: 18D was found to be greater at 30 weeks of age than that under 18L: 6D, although smaller at 10 and 20 weeks of age. The age at first egg-laying under 12L: 12D was 283 days which was the longest among the groups. It was about 157 days and about 129 days and 129 days longer under 12L: 12D and 6L: 18D than that under 18L: 6D or 14L: 10D, respectively. The weight of the first egg and of its yolk was greater in hens under 12L: 12D or 6L: 18D than those under 18L: 6D or 14L: 10D. The greater testicular growth and the remarkable delay in the onset of egg-laying in hens under 12L: 12D and 6L: 18D may be characteristic of the guinea fowl.
SmartPipes: Smart Wireless Sensor Networks for Leak Detection in Water Pipelines (2014)

Asset monitoring, specifically infrastructure monitoring such as water distribution pipelines, is becoming increasingly critical for utility owners who face new challenges due to an aging network. In the UK alone, during the period of 2009–2010, approximately 3281 mega litres (106) of water were wasted due to failure or leaks in water pipelines. Various techniques can be used for the monitoring of water distribution networks. This paper presents the design, development and testing of a smart wireless sensor network for leak detection in water pipelines, based on the measurement of relative indirect pressure changes in plastic pipes. Power consumption of the sensor nodes is minimised to 2.2 mW based on one measurement every 6 h in order to prolong the lifetime of the network and increase the sensor nodes’ compatibility with current levels of power available by energy harvesting methods and long life batteries. A novel pressure sensing method is investigated for its performance and capabilities by both laboratory and field trials. The sensors were capable of measuring pressure changes due to leaks. These pressure profiles can also be used to locate the leaks.
Clinical Assessment of Central Blood Pressure (2012)

Central aortic blood pressure (CBP) is increasingly considered a better cardiovascular prognostic marker than conventional cuff brachial blood pressure. Because CBP cannot be directly measured noninvasively, it has to be estimated from peripheral pressure pulses. To assess estimated CBP appropriately, the accuracy and features of the estimation method should be considered. The aim of this review is to provide basic knowledge and information useful for interpreting and assessing estimated CBP from a methodological point of view. Precise peripheral pressure pulse recording has been enabled by the introduction of arterial applanation tonometry, for which the radial artery may be the optimal site. An automated tonometry device utilizing a sensor array is preferable in terms of reproducibility and objectivity. Calibration of a peripheral pressure waveform has unresolved problems for any estimation method, due to imperfect brachial sphygmomanometry. However, if central and peripheral pressure calibrations are equivalent, two major methods to estimate CBP-those based on generalized pressure transfer function or radial late systolic pressure-may be comparable in their accuracy of CBP parameter estimation.
Microtubule Alignment and Manipulation Using AC Electrokinetics (2008)

The kinesin-microtubule system plays an important role in intracellular transport and is a model system for integrating biomotor-driven transport into microengineered devices. AC electrokinetics provides a novel tool for manipulating and organizing microtubules in solution, enabling new experimental geometries for investigating and controlling the interactions of microtubules and microtubule motors in vitro. By fabricating microelectrodes on glass substrates and generating AC electric fields across solutions of microtubules in low-ionic-strength buffers, bundles of microtubules are collected and aligned and the electrical properties of microtubules in solution are measured. The AC electric fields result in electro-osmotic flow, electrothermal flow, and dielectrophoresis of microtubules, which can be controlled by varying the solution conductivity, AC frequency, and electrode geometry. By mapping the solution conductivity and AC frequency over which positive dielectrophoresis occurs, the apparent conductivity of taxol-stabilized bovine-brain microtubules in PIPES buffer is measured to be 250 mS m(-1). By maximizing dielectrophoretic forces and minimizing electro-osmotic and electrothermal flow, microtubules are assembled into opposed asters. These experiments demonstrate that AC electrokinetics provides a powerful new tool for kinesin-driven transport applications and for investigating the role of microtubule motors in development and maintenance of the mitotic spindle.
Mechanical and thermal properties of hierarchical composites enhanced by pristine graphene and graphene oxide nanoinclusions (2014)

ABSTRACT Epoxy resin nanocomposites incorporated with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt % pristine graphene and modified graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes were produced and used to fabricate carbon fiber‐reinforced and glass fiber‐reinforced composite panels via vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding process. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composite panels—called hierarchical graphene composites—were determined according to ASTM standards. It was observed that the studied properties were improved consistently by increasing the amount of nanoinclusions. Particularly, in the presence of 4 wt % GO in the resin, tensile modulus, compressive strength, and flexural modulus of carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites were improved 15% (21%), 34% (84%), and 40% (68%), respectively. Likewise, with inclusion of 4 wt % pristine graphene in the resin, tensile modulus, compressive strength, and flexural modulus of carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites were improved 11% (7%), 30% (77%), and 34% (58%), respectively. Also, thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites with 4% GO inclusion was improved 52% (89%). Similarly, thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites with 4% pristine graphene inclusion was improved 45% (80%). The reported results indicate that both pristine graphene and modified GO nanoflakes are excellent options to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites and to make them viable replacement materials for metallic parts in different industries, such as wind energy, aerospace, marine, and automotive. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40826.
Delay and Complexity Tradeoffs for Dynamic Routing and Power Allocation in a Wireless Network (2002)

Xgboost ML algorithm was found to be a more reliable predictor of CACS in healthy participants compared to the BLR algorithm. ML algorithms may be useful for predicting CACS with only laboratory data in healthy participants.
A connection pattern-based approach to detect network traffic anomalies in critical infrastructures (2014)

Recent trends in Critical Infrastructures (CIs), e.g., power plants and energy smart grids, showed an increased use of commodity, off-the-shelf Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) hardware and software. Although this enabled the implementation of a broad palette of new features, the pervasive use of ICT, especially within the core of CIs, i.e., in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), attracted a new class of attacks in which cyber disturbances propagate to the physical dimension of CIs. To ensure a more effective detection of cyber attacks against the ICS of CIs, we have developed SPEAR, a systematic approach that automatically configures anomaly detection engines to detect attacks that violate connection patterns specific to ICSs. The approach is validated by experimental scenarios including traffic traces from real industrial equipment and real malware (Stuxnet).
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION OF CERTAIN SALMONID FISHES AGAINST AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA (1965)

Passive protection against Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in fishes, was produced in juvenile coho salmon by administration of serum from adult rainbow trout containing antibodies actively produced by intra-abdominal vaccination.The levels of natural (or residual) agglutinins against A. salmonicida and those produced by vaccination are shown for two age-groups of rainbow trout.Oral vaccine administered in the diet of juvenile coho salmon failed to produce either agglutinating antibody or protection against experimental infection under the conditions employed.
A new SOI MOSFET structure with junction type body contact (2003)

A new SOI MOSFET structure with a junction type body contact (BJG) is proposed, which can be realized with compact design and simple processes. It is shown from the experimental study that the structure provides nearly perfect immunity against the circuit failure caused by the parasitic bipolar effect and an excellent speed performance, so that it can be a promising candidate for the SOI circuits.
Effects of Rolfing Therapy on Running Economy (1990)

The effects of the Rolf method of soft-tissue manipulation therapy on running economy (RE) was examined in male distance runners (VO2 max = 67.7 ml · kg–1 · min–1). Steady-state oxygen uptake (VO2 submax) at three velocities (214 m · min–1; 241 m · min–1; 268 m · min–1), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and biomechanical variables previously associated with RE were measured during treadmill running in those who received no treatment (control), sport massage or Rolfing. Lower back-hamstring flexibility was also assessed. Pre- to posttreatment differences among groups were nonsignificant for all dependent variables. It was concluded that Rolfing had no effect on RE, RPE, running mechanics or flexibility in the present group of subjects.
Zinc fingers--the next antiviral target? (1995)

According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), chains of amino acids, called zinc fingers, found in cellular proteins which bind to DNA or messenger RNA, may be the next target for antiviral drugs. HIV that lacks zinc fingers is unable to infect new cells and may not be able to mutate, thus affecting the viral life cycle. Research progress on targeting zinc fingers in HIV are highlighted.
CERAMICS IN RESTORATIVE AND PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY (1997)

▪ Abstract This review is intended to provide the ceramic engineer with information about the history and current use of ceramics in dentistry, contemporary research topics, and potential research agenda. Background material includes intra-oral design considerations, descriptions of ceramic dental components, and the origin, composition, and microstructure of current dental ceramics. Attention is paid to efforts involving net-shape processing, machining as a forming method, and the analysis of clinical failure. A rationale is presented for the further development of all-ceramic restorative systems. Current research topics receiving attention include microstructure/processing/property relationships, clinical failure mechanisms and in vitro testing, wear damage and wear testing, surface treatments, and microstructural modifications. The status of the field is critically reviewed with an eye toward future work. Significant improvements seem possible in the clinical use of ceramics based on engineering solutions derived from the study of clinically failed restorations, on the incorporation of higher levels of “biomimicry” in new systems, and on the synergistic developments in dental cements and adhesive dentin bonding.
Dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal dura mater (1972)

DURING MYELOGRAPHY WE OBSERVED THE CONTRAST MATERIAL IN THE SPINAL SUBARACHNOID SPACE WHILE WE CHANGED: (1) the intracranial blood volume by CO(2) inhalation, hyperventilation, and jugular vein compression; (2) the intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure by forced expiration with glottis closed; and (3) the CSF volume by withdrawals and reinjections of fluid. The spinal dural sac enlarges with increases in volume of both intracranial blood and CSF. It partially collapses with reductions in volume of both intracranial blood and CSF. With increases in intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure, the thoracolumbar sac partially collapses, while the cervical sac enlarges. From these observations we conclude that the spinal dural sac is a dynamic structure, readily changing its capacity in response to prevailing pressure gradients across its walls. It acts as a reservoir for CSF, which moves to and fro through the foramen magnum in response to changes in cerebral blood flow. By its bladder-like ability to alter its capacity, the spinal dural sac provides the `elasticity' of the covering of the central nervous system.
Prevention of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by anti-I-A monoclonal antibodies: transfer of protection by splenic T cells. (1988)

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse has been developed as a model for insulin-dependent diabetes. One gene required for the development of diabetes is associated with the major histocompatibility complex. This gene possibly could be linked to class II genes, which show a unique pattern in NOD mice. To evaluate the role of the I-A class II antigen expressed in NOD mice, we studied the effect of anti-I-A monoclonal antibodies on disease onset in vivo. Long-term treatment with anti-class II IgG2a antibodies specific for NOD I-A antigen prevented the spontaneous development of diabetes, as opposed to control antibodies shown not to react with NOD I-A antigen. Anti-class II antibodies apparently elicited active immune suppression, requiring a fully immunocompetent host, rather than passive blockade of class II antigen. Treatment with anti-class II antibody effectively prevented the adoptive transfer of diabetes produced by splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice into newborn mice but failed to prevent adoptive transfer into irradiated adult NOD recipients. Direct evidence for the induction of suppressor cells was obtained from the passive transfer of spleen cells from anti-class II antibody-treated NOD donors. The injection of anti-class II antibody-treated spleen cells collected from NOD donors prevented the development of diabetes, which normally follows transfer of diabetogenic spleen cells into irradiated 8-week-old male NOD recipients. Depletion experiments indicate that CD4+ cells are responsible for anti-class II-induced protection transferred by spleen cells.
Potential of Modulating Wnt Signaling Pathway Toward the Development of Bone Anabolic Agent (2012)

Normal bone homeostasis is the result of a cross-talk between the anabolic axis (osteoblast differentiation) and catabolic axis (osteoclast remodeling). A disruption of this tightly regulated relationship leads to imbalanced bone turnover which ultimately results in diseases of the skeleton. Given that the majority of disease states are characterized by an inadequate renewal of osteoblasts, and the canonical wingless (Wnt) pathway is critical for their differentiation from progenitors, this represents an intriguing target for bone therapy. This mini-review focuses on the different options available for pharmaceutical enhancement of osteogenic differentiation through targeting the various proteins involved in Wnt signaling.
Studies of human tumors by MRS: A review (1992)

The literature describing 31P, 1H, 13C, 23Na and 19F MRS in vivo in human cancers is reviewed. Cancers have typical metabolic characteristics in 31P and 1H MRS including high levels of phospholipid metabolites and a cellular pH more alkaline than normal. These alone are not specific for cancer but are diagnostic in appropriate clinical settings. Some metabolic characteristics appear to be prognostic indices and correlation with treatment response is emerging as an important potentially cost-effective use of MRS in oncology. 19F MRS examines pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and by demonstrating its retention predicts response of a cancer to treatment. Current needs include improvement of diagnostic specificity by use of techniques like multivoxel MRS, proton decoupling of 31P, short echo time and fat-suppressed 1H MRS, 13C MRS direct or via 1H-observe, and statistical analysis of multiple spectral features. Trials in large populations in well defined clinical settings are needed to determine if MRS can provide independent prognostic indices useful in cancer management.
Measurement of adenosine concentration in aqueous and vitreous. (1998)

The conversion of adenine-containing compounds to fluorescent 1,N6-etheno derivatives offers analytical advantages of selectivity and sensitivity for the quantitative determination of these compounds, with the fluorometric detection providing substantially greater sensitivity than direct detection by UV absorption. The levels obtained in vivo from anesthetized but otherwise healthy pigs presumably reflected basal aqueous and vitreous adenosine levels under the described conditions. This method should be useful in investigating more directly the role of adenosine in models of retinal or ocular ischemia in vivo and in measuring adenosine levels in vitreous or aqueous samples from human patients.
Studies on a transplantable chicken tumor (RPL-12 lymphoma). III. Cytological changes during virus-induced oncolysis. (1954)

Summary 1.A cytological and cytochemical study of the RPL-12 tumor cell is presented. Three types of lipid particles were identified in the cytoplasm. The significance of the largest is unknown. The smallest were mitochondria and probably contained neutral lipid, RNA, and acid phosphatase. The remaining particles appeared to be lipochondria and contained glycolipid and glycoprotein. 2.Infection of the tumor with the N.F.T. strain of St. Louis encephalitis virus induced an increase in the number and size of the lipochondria, partial arrest of mitosis in metaphase, and increased numbers of mitotic abnormalities and of binucleate cells. 3.The mitochondria of the tumor cell were unaffected by virus infection, but appeared to fuse with the hypertrophied lipochondria in the process of paraffin imbedding and contributed to the formation of large cytoplasmic “inclusion bodies” seen in paraffin sections.