gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, S-25930 and S-25932 compared with that of other agents (1987)

S-25930 and S-25932, two new 4-quinolones, were compared to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. S-25930 and S-25932 inhibited 90% of Enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, usually differing only two-fold. The MIC90 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 mg/l for S-25930 and 16 mg/l for S-25932, compared to MICs of 1 to 8 for the other four quinolones. Both drugs inhibited Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and Klebsiella species resistant to gentamicin and trimethoprim. The MICs90 were 0.125 and 0.25 mg/l against staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and were superior to the MICs of other quinolones; activity against haemolytic streptococci at 1-2 mg/l was also superior. S-25930 and S-25932 showed rapid bactericidal activity at the MBC concentration and both agents showed post-antibiotic suppression of growth of bacteria. The agents were active in acid medium, but activity was reduced by magnesium at 9 mM. A stepwise increase in resistance was produced by serial passage in increasing concentrations of drug.
A maternally methylated CpG island in <i>KvLQT1</i> is associated with an antisense paternal transcript and loss of imprinting in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (1999)

Loss of imprinting at IGF2, generally through an H19-independent mechanism, is associated with a large percentage of patients with the overgrowth and cancer predisposition condition Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). Imprinting control elements are proposed to exist within the KvLQT1 locus, because multiple BWS-associated chromosome rearrangements disrupt this gene. We have identified an evolutionarily conserved, maternally methylated CpG island (KvDMR1) in an intron of the KvLQT1 gene. Among 12 cases of BWS with normal H19 methylation, 5 showed demethylation of KvDMR1 in fibroblast or lymphocyte DNA; whereas, in 4 cases of BWS with H19 hypermethylation, methylation at KvDMRl was normal. Thus, inactivation of H19 and hypomethylation at KvDMR1 (or an associated phenomenon) represent distinct epigenetic anomalies associated with biallelic expression of IGF2. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the human and syntenic mouse loci identified the presence of a KvDMR1-associated RNA transcribed exclusively from the paternal allele and in the opposite orientation with respect to the maternally expressed KvLQT1 gene. We propose that KvDMR1 and/or its associated antisense RNA (KvLQT1-AS) represents an additional imprinting control element or center in the human 11p15.5 and mouse distal 7 imprinted domains.
Optimization techniques applied to neural networks: Line search implementation for back propagation (1990)

An introductory study to determine the feasibility and benefits of applying optimization techniques to standard learning algorithms in neural networks is presented. A gradient-descent (GD) algorithm that includes a line search for determining a better step size is implemented. This algorithm is compared to the traditional back propagation (BP) technique without the search. The comparison is made with an effort to isolate the effects of the line-search procedure. The comparative analysis was performed on four problems. Confidence intervals are presented for the ratios of the mean CPU times and mean number of epochs over all the problems. These show that the line search decreases the mean number of iterations required for learning by an order of magnitude and that the mean CPU time required by the modified technique decreases by threefold on a serial computing machine
SmartKom: Symmetric Multimodality in an Adaptive and Reusable Dialogue Shell (2003)

We introduce the notion of symmetric multimodality for dialogue systems in which all input modes (eg. speech, gesture, facial expression) are also available for output, and vice versa. A dialogue system with symmetric multimodality must not only understand and represent the user&apos;s multimodal input, but also its own multimodal output. We present the SmartKom system, that provides full symmetric multimodality in a mixed-initiative dialogue system with an embodied conversational agent. SmartKom represents a new generation of multimodal dialogue systems, that deal not only with simple modality integration and synchronization, but cover the full spectrum of dialogue phenomena that are associated with symmetric multimodality (including crossmodal references, one-anaphora, and backchannelling). We show that SmartKom&apos;s plug-an-play architecture supports multiple recognizers for a single modality, eg. the user&apos;s speech signal can be processed by three unimodal recognizers in parallel (speech recognition, emotional prosody, boundary prosody). Finally, we detail SmartKom&apos;s three-tiered representation of multimodal discourse, consisting of a domain layer, a discourse layer, and a modality layer. To conclude, we discuss the economic and scientific impact of the SmartKom project, that has lead to more than 50 patents and 29 spin-off products.
A General Method for the α-Acyloxylation of Carbonyl Compounds (2005)

[chemical reaction: see text]. A simple, one-pot method for the alpha-acyloxylation of carbonyl compounds that proceeds at room temperature in the presence of both moisture and air has been developed. Treatment of a variety of aldehydes and both cyclic and acyclic ketones with N-methyl-O-benzoylhydroxylamine hydrochloride provides the alpha-functionalized product in 69-92% isolated yield. The transformation is tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and, significantly, is regiospecific in the discrimination of secondary over primary centers in the case of nonsymmetrical substrates.
A neural network approach to machine vision systems for automated industrial inspection (2002)

A knowledge-based machine vision system for industrial web inspection that is applicable to a broad spectrum of different inspection tasks is proposed. The main function of the machine vision system is to detect undesirable defects that can appear on the surface of the material being inspected. A neural network is used within the blackboard framework for a labeling verification step of the high-level recognition module of this system. As an application, this system has been applied to a lumber inspection problem. It has been successfully tested on a number of boards from several different species. A performance comparison of the neural network with the k-nearest neighbor classifier is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chronicle. Vol 75, No 6 (1994) (1994)

From August 21 to August 27, 1994, Kazan hosted the XXVII International Ampre Congress dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the phenomenon of electron paramagnetic resonance by Evgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky at Kazan University. This discovery is one of the outstanding achievements of the 20th century: it determined the development of a separate field of physical science - magnetic radio spectroscopy, associated with the names of S. Altshuler, B. Kozyrev, B. Blipi, A. Abraham, V. Voevodsky, K. Hausser, N. Wolf, K. Hutchinson, S. Weissman, D. Hyde and others.
Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Fuel Cell Energy/Power System Technology Assessment (2007)

This paper provides a technology assessment for an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) fuel cell energy/power system (FCEPS), including design methodology and design concepts. The design concepts are based on the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (FC) operating on hydrogen and oxygen. The technology assessment method presented is a holistic approach which combines alternative hydrogen and oxygen storage [and fuel cell system (FCS)] options to provide the highest specific energy and energy density-within the constraints of the UUV application. Using this method, some surprising combinations appear as the theoretical ldquowinnersrdquo for maximum energy storage within the application constraints of the UUV.
Hemopexin-mediated heme transport to the liver. Evidence for a heme-binding protein in liver plasma membranes. (1985)

Isolated liver plasma membranes interact with heme-hemopexin and effect the removal of heme from the complex. This heme is rapidly accumulated by a previously undescribed heme-binding membrane component (HBC). This intrinsic membrane component can be solubilized from the membrane with Triton X-100 in a form that retains the ability to bind heme. Solubilized HBC was shown to be distinct from hemopexin itself, free heme, ligandin, globin, heme oxygenase, cytochrome P-450, and albumin. Since formation of the heme-HBC complex is effected by the interaction of heme-hemopexin with its receptor, HBC may either be a subunit of the heme-hemopexin receptor or a separate protein that interacts with the receptor. HBC can also bind heme (Kd apparent 200 nM) that is presented to it in a nonprotein bound form, showing true heme-binding activity. HBC is proteinaceous since treatment with proteases, heat, and disulfide bond reducing agents diminishes its ability to bind heme. HBC and any associated detergent elutes from Sephacryl S-200 with an apparent molecular weight of 115,000 and Stokes radius of 7.5 nm. This component, which may comprise 0.5% of liver plasma membrane protein, appears to have an acidic pI since it adsorbs to DEAE-cellulose at pH 7.4 but not to CM-cellulose at pH 6.4. In sucrose gradients, HBC migrates with S values of 1.69 and 4.02, suggesting that it has subunits or that it forms multimers under these conditions.
Co-channel interference cancellation for CDMA over multipath fading channels (2002)

We consider the performance of direct-sequence (DS) based code division multiple-access (CDMA) over a wireless communications environment that is characterized by multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, we propose and analyze a multiuser detection strategy, which employs a cascade of co-channel interference cancellation, for the demodulation of asynchronous DS spread-spectrum multiple-access signals. The numerical results show that the proposed multistage receiver, which alleviates the detrimental effects of the near-far problem, can significantly improve the system performance.
Proton electrochemical gradient in Escherichia coli cells and its relation to active transport of lactose (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton electrochemical gradient in Escherichia coli cells and its relation to active transport of lactoseDan Zilberstein, Shimon Schuldiner, and Etana PadanCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 4, 669–673Publication Date (Print):February 20, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00571a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00571a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pore characterization through propagator-resolved transverse relaxation exchange (2008)

We use the propagator-resolved transverse relaxation exchange experiment to characterize the pore space and fluid behavior of water saturated, tight-packed quartz sand. The experiment uses T2 exchange plots to observe the number of molecules that shift their environment for a range of mixing times. The propagator dimension allows us to determine how far the molecules have moved. The peak intensities are integrated and then plotted as a function of displacement and mixing time. We also model our system using both a probabilistic pore-hopping simulation and a spreading Gaussian model. We use the results of these simulations to interpret the peak intensity plots. From this, we can estimate pore features such as characteristic time, pore radii, and interpore spacing. The tortuosity of the different pore sizes can then be calculated from these values.
ASR Normalization for Machine Translation (2010)

In natural spoken language there are many meaningless modal particles and dittographes, furthermore ASR (automatic speech recognition) often has some recognition errors and the ASR results have no punctuations. Therefore, the translation would be rather poor if the ASR results are directly translated by MT (machine translation). In this paper, an ASR normalization approach was introduced for machine translation which based on maximum entropy sequential labeling model. Before translation, the meaningless modal particles and dittograph were deleted, and the recognition errors were corrected, and ASR results were also punctuated. Experiments show that the MT BLEU of 0.2465 is obtained, that improved by 17.3% over the MT baseline without normalization. The positive experimental results confirm that ASR normalization is effective for improvement of translation quality for spoken language machine translation.
Enhancing the reliability of out-of-distribution image detection in neural networks (2025)

We consider the problem of detecting out-of-distribution images in neural networks. We propose ODIN, a simple and effective method that does not require any change to a pre-trained neural network. Our method is based on the observation that using temperature scaling and adding small perturbations to the input can separate the softmax score distributions between in- and out-of-distribution images, allowing for more effective detection. We show in a series of experiments that ODIN is compatible with diverse network architectures and datasets. It consistently outperforms the baseline approach by a large margin, establishing a new state-of-the-art performance on this task. For example, ODIN reduces the false positive rate from the baseline 34.7% to 4.3% on the DenseNet (applied to CIFAR-10) when the true positive rate is 95%.
P130-S Development and Evaluation of an Absolute qPCR Technique for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) by using Mini-bronchoalveolar Lavage (mini-BAL) Specimens (2007)

An absolute qPCR technique was developed and evaluated for detection and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) directly in mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) clinical specimens from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This absolute qPCR technique measures simultaneously three target genes: mecA gene, conferring methicillin resistance that is common to both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis; the femA-SA gene from S. aureus; and the femA-SE gene from S. epidermis. A mecA gene standard curve from serial dilution of plasmids containing known amounts of mecA gene fragments was incorporated in each plate. This approach not only discriminates of the origin of the measured mecA signal but also provides the absolute copy number of mecA gene existing in MRSA, which is very informative for choosing the proper antibiotic therapy and monitoring the efficacy of the therapy for clinician. PCR inhibitor in two nucleic acid extracts was detected by SPUD qPCR and excluded from this study. Absolute MRSA qPCR was able to distinguish MRSA from methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus epidermis (MRSE), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermis (MSSE) based on the amplification profiles of three genes; and could detect the MecA gene down to a copy number of 3 with a high degree of linear correlation (R(2) = 0.999) in all 12 different runs. Using quantitative culture results as a gold standard for MRSA diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of this assay were 90.48% and 94.47% respectively. When we used >100 copies /ml mecA gene combined with positive femA-SA as cutoff for MRSA diagnosis, the positive predictive value increases from 82.61% to 94.12% with the negative predictive value decreases from 97.26% to 96.20%. Absolute MRSA qPCR is the first assay that provides fast, quantitative, highly sensitive, and specific for detection of MRSA in mini-BAL clinical specimens from VAP patients.
France Votes (2012)

The French elections of 2012 resulted in an unprecedented and overwhelming victory by France's Socialist Party, which gained control of the presidency and an absolute majority in the National Assembly to go with the party's existing domination of most of France's regions and municipalities. But the Socialist Party remains a minority party in the French electoral body politic, its victory the result of a skewered two-ballot electoral system. The Socialist government, moreover, remains hampered in its action by its obligations toward the European Union and its participation in the zone of countries using the Euro as it attempts to deal with France's economic crisis. As a consequence of both of these phenomena the government may also be sitting atop a profound political crisis characterized by the alienation of a good part of the electorate from the political system.
Characterization of the human CR1 gene promoter (1999)

The human CR1 is a single chain membrane glycoprotein that is a member of the group of regulators of the complement activation system. In order to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of human CR1 gene expression, the 5'-flanking region of the human CR1 gene was isolated and its promoter was characterized. The CR1 expression was found to be transcriptionally up-regulated in HL60 cells by stimulation with DMSO. The cloned CR1 gene promoter was sequenced and computer analyzed. The potential promoter region lacks a distinct TATA box sequence. The transcription initiation site was determined by primer extension and several possible regulatory elements for transcription were found in the promoter region.
The biomechanics of javelin throwing: A review (1988)

In this paper, the scientific literature and that on the sports sciences relevant to javelin throwing is critically reviewed. This is particularly timely because of the change in the specification of the javelin for the men's event, which was introduced by the IAAF in 1986. A full discussion of the aerodynamics of the javelin is presented with due consideration of the change in pitching moment characteristics that the rules change had brought about. The uses and limitations of current computer programs for simulating javelin flight, in order to estimate optimal release parameters, are profiled. Consideration is also given to the effects of wind velocity, air density, javelin weight and the flutter and spin of the javelin on its flight. The review further considers the optimization of release parameters, drawing upon computer simulations and field-based data. The effects of release speed, release height, release angle, release angle of attack and release pitch rate are assessed. The javelin throwing technique is discussed in relation to cinematographically derived data, including an evaluation of experimental procedures. The importance to successful performance of the grip, the run-up and transition phases, the cross over and delivery strides are each reviewed. Finally, some prognoses as to the direction of future research into this complex throwing skill are offered.
CSR: A Cloud-Assisted Speech Recognition Service for Personal Mobile Device (2011)

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a technology which converts the phrases or words spoken by human into text. As a mature technology, ASR has become an alternative input method on many mobile devices, complementing the other input methods operated by hands. Although the technology has been developed for years, the accuracy and computational complexity of ASR have prohibited ASR from being used as the primary input method on mobile devices. While speaker-dependent ASR (SD-ASR) technologies may be used to improve the recognition accuracy, the user is often reluctant to take a time-consuming training process needed to enable SD-ASR for each device. To overcome these problems, we propose a cloud-assisted speech recognition service and its infrastructural design, called CSR, which utilizes servers in the cloud to accelerate ASR, integrates SD-ASR technologies to improve the accuracy of ASR, and populate SD information to enable SD-ASR on multiple mobile device. We have built a prototype to observe the benefits of the CSR service and the issues in load balance, power consumption, and privacy on the client and the server. We show that the CSR service offers fast responses, good accuracy, high availability and good scalability in serving many concurrent users.
Growth Hormone Stimulates the Tyrosine Kinase Activity of JAK2 and Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrates and Shc in Rat Tissues (1999)

GH stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of various cellular polypeptides, including the GH receptor itself, in an early part of the intracellular response. Some of these phosphorylations are catalyzed by a GH receptor-associated kinase identified as JAK2, a member of the Janus family of tyrosine kinases. In cultured cells, GH stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, and Shc. This study investigated whether GH could cause the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRSs and Shc proteins in fasted rat tissues in vivo. GH was administered to fasted Wistar rats via a portal vein, and extracts of different tissues were immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies. GH increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, IRS-2, JAK2, and Shc proteins in the liver, heart, kidney, muscle, and adipose tissue of rats. The roles of these substrates as signaling molecules for GH were further demonstrated by the finding that GH stimulated the association of IRS-1/2 with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Grb2, and phosphotyrosine phosphatase and of Shc with Grb2. The correlation between JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation and IRS-1 tyrosyl phosphorylation in response to GH together with the results of the in vitro tyrosine kinase assay are consistent with the hypothesis that JAK2 may mediate GH-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1.
Integration of polymer light-emitting diode and polymer waveguide on Si substrate (2006)

We integrate a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) and a polymer waveguide on a Si substrate. The light emitted from the PLED is coupled to the waveguide by a diffuser and a reflection layer with coupling efficiency about 1%. There is no delay nor distortion between PLED emission and the light propagation in the waveguide. Good direct modulation characteristics of the waveguide output are demonstrated up to 200kHz. The device structure and processes are based on easy spin coating and are compatible to Si technology.
Methods and Possibilities of Nucleophilic Acylation (1969)

Abstract Nucleophilic acylation is the attachment of an magnified image group to an electrophilic center. A brief discussion of the advantages offered by acylations of this type in syntheses is followed by a description of the direct methods (reactions with acylmetal compounds) and the methods proceeding via “masked” acyl anions. The latter methods are based on the use of either metalated vinyl ether derivatives or carbanions derived from acetals. Organyllithiums of sulfur‐stabilized carbanions are important reagents of this type.