gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration (2013)

The failure to replace damaged body parts in adult mammals results from a muted growth response and fibrotic scarring. Although infiltrating immune cells play a major role in determining the variable outcome of mammalian wound repair, little is known about the modulation of immune cell signaling in efficiently regenerating species such as the salamander, which can regrow complete body structures as adults. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of immune signaling during limb regeneration in axolotl, an aquatic salamander, and reveal a temporally defined requirement for macrophage infiltration in the regenerative process. Although many features of mammalian cytokine/chemokine signaling are retained in the axolotl, they are more dynamically deployed, with simultaneous induction of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers within the first 24 h after limb amputation. Systemic macrophage depletion during this period resulted in wound closure but permanent failure of limb regeneration, associated with extensive fibrosis and disregulation of extracellular matrix component gene expression. Full limb regenerative capacity of failed stumps was restored by reamputation once endogenous macrophage populations had been replenished. Promotion of a regeneration-permissive environment by identification of macrophage-derived therapeutic molecules may therefore aid in the regeneration of damaged body parts in adult mammals.
Prenatal detection of fetal aneuploidies using transcervical cell samples. (1997)

In the course of an investigation aimed at detecting the presence of trophoblastic cells in the endocervical canal of pregnant women between 7 and 17 weeks of gestation, several cases of aneuploidies were observed using a fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) assay. The cases include fetal chromosome 21 and 18 trisomies, triploidy and sex chromosome aneuploidies. The results were confirmed by testing placental tissues obtained after termination of pregnancy (TOP). In two of these cases, clumps of cells with the morphology of trophoblasts were isolated from the transcervical cell (TCC) samples using micromanipulation. FISH and fluorescent polymerase chain reactions (PCR), performed on these clumps, showed them to be exclusively of fetal origin. These results show that prenatal diagnoses of major aneuploidies can be performed by FISH using whole TCC samples, or on isolated clumps of cells by FISH and PCR assays.
Desiccation survival of parasitic nematodes. (1999)

The ability of certain species of parasitic nematodes to survive desiccation for considerable periods is a fascinating example of adaptation to the demands of fluctuating environments that occasionally can become extreme and life threatening. Behavioural and morphological adaptations associated with desiccation survival serve primarily to reduce the rate of drying, either to prolong the time taken for the nematode's water content to reach lethal low levels or, in true anhydrobiotes, to enable the structural and biochemical changes required for long-term survival to take place. Examples of these adaptations are reviewed, together with information on the factors involved in rehydration that ensure successful exit from the dormant state. Information on desiccation survival is central to effective management and control options for parasitic nematodes. It is also required to assess the feasibility of enhancing the longevity of commercial formulations of entomopathogenic nematodes, both before and after application; current research and future prospects for enhancing survival of these bio-insecticides are discussed.
Effects of Solvent and Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolics from Dried Red Grape Skin (2003)

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used to extract anthocyanins from the freeze-dried skin of a highly pigmented red wine grape with six solvents at 50 degrees C, 10.1 MPa, and 3 x 5 min extraction cycles. Temperature (from 20 to 140 degrees C in 20 degrees C increments) effects on anthocyanin recovery by acidified water and acidified 60% methanol were also studied. Acidified methanol extracted the highest levels of total monoglucosides and total anthocyanins, whereas the solvent mixture (40:40:20:0.1 methanol/acetone/water HCl) extracted the highest levels of total phenolics and total acylated anthocyanins. Acidified water extracts obtained by PLE at 80-100 degrees C had the highest levels of total monoglucosides, total acylated anthocyanins, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and ORAC values. Acidified methanol extracts obtained by PLE at 60 degrees C had the highest levels of total monoglucosides and total anthocyanins, whereas extracts obtained at 120 degrees C had the highest levels of total phenolics. High-temperature PLE (80-100 degrees C) using acidified water, an environmentally friendly solvent, was as effective as acidified 60% methanol in extracting anthocyanins from grape skins.
Effect of energetic neutralized noble gas ions on the structure of ion beam sputtered thin metal films (1987)

Energetic ion bombardment of a sputtering target often results in a significant fraction of incident ions being reflected as energetic neutrals in the direction of the growing film. Experiments are described which test the degree to which bombardment by these energetic backscattered neutrals can influence the microstructure of a growing film. As anticipated, microstructural changes of the film are influenced by the reflection coefficient and energy exchange of a given energetic gas ion at the sputtering target which in turn depends on the mass ratio of the sputtering gas to that of the target. Whereas the sputtered metal species leave the target with a near cosine distribution, evidence for a strong noncosine reflection preference in the forward direction for the energetic backscattered neutrals will be given. Very careful x-ray diffraction studies show that films grown in a Ne/Pd system give rise to lattice dilation in the (111) lattice planes resulting in a 1% increase in the lattice parameter over Pd bulk values. On the other hand, in the Xe/Cu system no significant changes from bulk unit cell dimensions were observed. Data are also presented to show lattice distortions induced by deliberate energetic ion bombardment during film growth involving normalized energies much greater than that obtainable by energetic neturals. X-ray data show that lattice distortions and preferred crystallographic orientation induced by equivalent energetic particle bombardment differs significantly for different metals.
Automatic hierarchy control over Stratum 1 redundant time and frequency systems (2002)

The authors describe a system for Stratum 1 telecommunications or for any highly redundant frequency source system. Traditionally, primary reference systems are ensembles of three frequency sources in a 2:1 redundant configuration. One of the sources is used, while the other two are hot standby substitutes. The three frequency sources can be any combination of clocks (such as cesium, rubidium, or OCXO), or of the same kind. Whatever the structure is, the quality of the frequency sources can change in time due to aging, atomic tube degradation, etc. An aid for such systems that can find out which of three clocks is the best by various means and change priorities in accordance with this scaling has been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
“The absolute essentialness of conversations” (2005)

is a writer of Bengali-Indian origin, who has lived a peripatetic life in Europe, South Asia and the US, and has published six fictional or semi-fictional texts
Magnetocardiogram Difference Between Healthy Subjects and Ischemic Heart Disease Patients (2009)

Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a device to measure the weak magnetic fields generated from the heart using a superconducting quantum interference device sensor which converts magnetic flux to voltage and is the most sensitive sensor to detect magnetism. In the previous study, authors found that the values of MCG parameters of patients with non-ST-segment myocardial infarction were greater than those of age-matched controls (AMCs). In this study, we selected five different groups of patients considering their severity. We compared 10 MCG parameters recorded from 19 healthy young subjects (26.8plusmn13.4 years), 19 age-matched healthy subjects (55.4plusmn10.7), 23 stable angina patients (56.4plusmn7.6 years) with no stenosis (=0% on coronary angiogram) and normal echocardiogram, 24 unstable angina patients (61.9plusmn9.8 years) with severe stenosis (ges70%), and 20 Q-wave myocardial infarction (QMI) patients (57.3plusmn11.2 years) with severe stenosis (ges70%). To record the magnetic signals from a heart with minimal noise, a magnetically shielded room was used. The number of abnormal parameters was counted and magnetic field map (MFM) patterns were compared. As a result, young healthy subjects showed the smallest values in all 10 MCG parameters and QMI subjects showed the greatest values. Significant difference was found from dynamics parameters such as current angle, map angle, and distance dynamics between young healthy controls and AMC groups (p>0.05). No significant difference was found from AMC and stable angina groups even though parameter values of stable angina were slightly greater than those of AMC. Significant difference was found from five parameters between AMC and QMI subjects. These results are supportive to the previous analysis. In addition, the abnormal MCG parameters increased when the ischemic disease was worsened. Abnormal MFM patterns were easily found from QMI patients than stable angina pectoris. It is clear that abnormal MFM and parameters increase when the status of ischemic heart disease patients are getting worse.
Evanescently-coupled hybrid III-V/silicon laser based on DVS-BCB bonding (2010)

Hybrid III-V/Silicon lasers based on evanescent coupling are one of the most advanced and the most promising devices in the ongoing efforts to build an efficient light source on a silicon platform. Most of the recently reported devices are based on direct die-towafer bonding of III-V epitaxial layers to silicon waveguides, which might prove difficult to implement in an industrial-scale fabrication process. As an alternative approach, in this paper, we present an evanescently-coupled, hybrid III-V/silicon laser based on adhesive DVS-BCB bonding. The device layout, the fabrication process and the achieved results are presented and discussed.
Changes of Cardiac Structural Proteins in Myocardial Infarction (1977)

1. Changes of structural proteins in experimental and human myocardial infarction were studied by the determination of myosin- and actomyosin-ATPase activities and gel electrophoretic analysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). 2. In animal experiments using dogs, the relative amounts of myosin and alpha-actinin decreased at 24 to 48 hours after coronary ligation, became lowest at 72 hours, and remained at this level for 2 weeks and returned to almost normal value at 28 days. 3. Myosin- and actomyosin-ATPase activities decreased rapidly during 24 to 48 hours after ligation with temporary increase in their activities in the initial stage of ischemia and followed the similar time course as that of the amounts of myosin and alpha-actinin. 4. SDS gel electrophoretic analysis of structural proteins of infarcted tissues of the human hearts obtained from 5 cadavers showed also marked decrease of the contents of myosin and alpha-actinin with relative preservation of actin, tropomyosin and troponin-T.
Negative luminescence from type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes (1999)

Strong negative luminescence is displayed by type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice diodes under reverse bias. The negative emittance at room temperature is as high as 1.5 μW/cm2 meV at 4.9 μm, and the negative efficiency at 3.5 μm is 41% of the emission from a perfect blackbody at that temperature. The main features of the data are reproduced by a detailed photodiode simulation.
Design and chemical evaluation of reduced machine-yield cigarettes (2011)

Experimental cigarettes (ECs) were made by combining technological applications that individually reduce the machine measured yields of specific toxicants or groups of toxicants in mainstream smoke (MS). Two tobacco blends, featuring a tobacco substitute sheet or a tobacco blend treatment, were combined with filters containing an amine functionalised resin (CR20L) and/or a polymer-derived, high activity carbon adsorbent to generate three ECs with the potential for generating lower smoke toxicant yields than conventional cigarettes. MS yields of smoke constituents were determined under 4 different smoking machine conditions. Health Canada Intense (HCI) machine smoking conditions gave the highest MS yields for nicotine-free dry particulate matter and for most smoke constituents measured. Toxicant yields from the ECs were compared with those from two commercial comparator cigarettes, three scientific control cigarettes measured contemporaneously and with published data on 120 commercial cigarettes. The ECs were found to generate some of the lowest machine yields of toxicants from cigarettes for which published HCI smoke chemistry data are available; these comparisons therefore confirm that ECs with reduced MS machine toxicant yields compared to commercial cigarettes can be produced. The results encourage further work examining human exposure to toxicants from these cigarettes, including human biomarker studies.
Rheumatoid Factor Autoantibodies in Health and Disease<sup>a</sup> (1997)

Recent advances in molecular biological and human cell hybridization technology have significantly advanced the knowledge of mechanisms that underlie human rheumatoid factor (RF) production. These advances have provided insight into the etiopathogenesis of synovial inflammation and lymphocyte recruitment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints. We have examined the mechanisms that lead to RF production in RA patients and those that regulate RF production in normals. The studies revealed structural features that distinguish RF produced in normals from those produced in RA synovial tissue. There are significant differences in the use of VL and VH genes between the two RF populations. Furthermore, IgV genes encoding synovial RF in RA have extensive evidence for nucleotide changes, leading to amino acid replacement in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs). In addition, RF produced in RA synovia show evidence for affinity maturation, isotype switch to IgG RF, and repertoire shift indicative of a continued recruitment of B cells. Together with computer modeling and crystallographic studies, our data suggest that the mechanisms that operate on RF selection in RA synovia are similar to immune responses to exogenous antigens. In contrast, RF established from human immunized donors (HID) are characterized by a very low ratio of replacement to silent (R:S) nucleotide changes in the CDR1+2. In addition, there is little increase in affinity with increasing numbers of mutations. There is thus evidence for regulatory mechanisms that limit affinity maturation of RF in normals.
Frequency-Selective Limiting (1962)

In the usual microwave limiter, the presence of one more large signals above a certain threshold level produces a limiting action which can be explained as a change in insertion loss of the limiter so as to maintain a constant output power, regardless of the number of independent signals present. Experimental results of coincidence mode passive ferrite limiters in S band and C band are presented which show that they do not behave in this manner, but rather to a good approximation limit on a frequency-by-frequency or frequency-selective basis. A qualitative explanation of this phenomenon is presented, using the passive parametric limiter as a model.
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s Disease: Therapeutic Implications (1994)

Recent studies have implicated apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). One of the apoE alleles, є4, is highly associated with late-onset familial (Strittmatter et al., 1993a) and sporadic (Saunders et al., 1993) AD. Three major protein isoforms of apoE (apoE2, E3 and E4) are the products of three alleles є2, є3, є4 at a single gene locus on the proximal long arm of chromosome 19q13.2 (Mahley, 1988), within the region previously associated with linkage of late-onset familial AD (Pericak-Vance et al., 1991). In patients with late-onset familial AD, the є4 allele frequency was 0.50 ± 0.06, compared to age-matched controls, 0.16 ± 0.03. We found that є4 was also highly associated with patients with sporadic AD, with an allele frequency of 0.40 ± 0.026. The apoE gene dose is a major risk factor for late onset AD, and in these families homozygosity for APOE4 is virtually sufficient to cause AD by age 80 (Corder et al.,1993). The apoE 2 allele decreases risk (Corder et al., 1994).
During Lytic Infection Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Is Associated with Histones Bearing Modifications That Correlate with Active Transcription (2004)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a large (150-kb) double-stranded DNA virus that forms latent infections in neuronal cells of the human peripheral nervous system. Previous work determined that the HSV-1 genome is found in an ordered nucleosomal structure during latent infection. However, during lytic infection, it was unclear whether viral DNA was in a chromatin state. We examined HSV-1 during lytic infection using micrococcal nuclease digestion and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The HSV-1 genome is at least partially nucleosomal, although apparently not in a regular repeating structure. Analysis of histones associated with HSV-1, within both the promoter and the transcribed regions, revealed covalent amino tail modifications similar to those associated with active host mammalian genes. Certain of the modifications were detected in the temporal order expected of the immediate-early, early, and late gene classes. These data suggest that productive infection may be accompanied by acquisition of a permissive chromatin state.
Recent developments in French immigration policy (1952)

Summary France is a country which has a relatively long tradition of welcoming migrants within her borders, partly to meet particular needs for labour, and partly because there has been concern about the dangers of underpopulation for some time past. In this paper the policy adopted by the French authorities towards migrants is described with special reference to the period following the beginning of the war. An outline of pre-war policies is given, showing that considerable restrictions were placed on foreigners during the depression years of the thirties, restrictions which culminated in the xenophobic legislation of the Vichy Government. After the liberation, attempts were made to obtain manpower from various European countries. The paper describes the steps that have been taken to attract labour from abroad, describes some of the migration agreements with foreign governments (especially with Italy) and attempts to assess the success of the policy.
Elution behavior of some solutes on a porous polystyrene gel in high performance liquid chromatography (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElution behavior of some solutes on a porous polystyrene gel in high performance liquid chromatographySadao. MoriCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 6, 745–748Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50027a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50027a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predation by Myxococcus xanthus Induces Bacillus subtilis To Form Spore-Filled Megastructures (2014)

Biofilm formation is a common mechanism for surviving environmental stress and can be triggered by both intraspecies and interspecies interactions. Prolonged predator-prey interactions between the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus and Bacillus subtilis were found to induce the formation of a new type of B. subtilis biofilm, termed megastructures. Megastructures are tree-like brachiations that are as large as 500 μm in diameter, are raised above the surface between 150 and 200 μm, and are filled with viable endospores embedded within a dense matrix. Megastructure formation did not depend on TasA, EpsE, SinI, RemA, or surfactin production and thus is genetically distinguishable from colony biofilm formation on MSgg medium. As B. subtilis endospores are not susceptible to predation by M. xanthus, megastructures appear to provide an alternative mechanism for survival. In addition, M. xanthus fruiting bodies were found immediately adjacent to the megastructures in nearly all instances, suggesting that M. xanthus is unable to acquire sufficient nutrients from cells housed within the megastructures. Lastly, a B. subtilis mutant lacking the ability to defend itself via bacillaene production formed megastructures more rapidly than the parent. Together, the results indicate that production of the megastructure facilitates B. subtilis escape into dormancy via sporulation.
Effect of Exercise on Lipid Peroxidation (2001)

These findings indicated that physical exercise induced lipid peroxidation.
Viral pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States (1993)

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent studies have implicated hepatitis C virus infection as a major pathogenic agent of HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. The significance of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections in the occurrence of HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma has not been well established in the United States. We studied 91 HBsAg-negative American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for evidence of hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus infection. These patients had no other predisposing factors to hepatocellular carcinoma. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect hepatitis C virus RNA and hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and liver. Three sets of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus primers were used to optimize the detection of viral genomes. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were measured with second-generation immunoassays. Twenty-six (29%) of these patients carried low levels of hepatitis B virus DNA in either serum, liver/tumor tissue or both. On the basis of the results from serological and polymerase chain reaction analyses of serum and liver, we found that 53 of 91 patients (58%) exhibited evidence of hepatitis C virus infection. When data were combined, 14 patients (15%) had evidence of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, whereas 12 (13%) were infected with hepatitis B virus alone and 39 (43%) had hepatitis C virus only. Twenty-six (29%) had no markers of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)