gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic total hip replacement surgery in dogs (2003)

Approximately half of over 120000 total hip replacement operations performed annually in the United States use cementless implants. The standard method for preparing the femoral cavity for such implants improves the use of mallet-driven handheld broach whose shape matches that of the desired implant. In vitro experiments have supported the possibility that more accurate (and efficacious) results can be achieved by using a robot to machine the cavity. The authors are developing a second-generation system suitable for use in an operating room, targeted at clinical trials on dogs needing hip implants. A description is given of the background, objectives, architecture, and surgical procedure for this system. Also provided are brief descriptions of key results from earlier experiments and planned future work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
B2 attenuates polyglutamine‐expanded androgen receptor toxicity in cell and fly models of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (2010)

Expanded polyglutamine tracts cause neurodegeneration through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. Generation of inclusions is a common feature of polyglutamine diseases and other protein misfolding disorders. Inclusion formation is likely to be a defensive response of the cell to the presence of unfolded protein. Recently, the compound B2 has been shown to increase inclusion formation and decrease toxicity of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin in cultured cells. We explored the effect of B2 on spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). SBMA is caused by expansion of polyglutamine in the androgen receptor (AR) and is characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. We found that B2 increases the deposition of mutant AR into nuclear inclusions, without altering the ligand-induced aggregation, expression, or subcellular distribution of the mutant protein. The effect of B2 on inclusions was associated with a decrease in AR transactivation function. We show that B2 reduces mutant AR toxicity in cell and fly models of SBMA, further supporting the idea that accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded protein into inclusions is protective. Our findings suggest B2 as a novel approach to therapy for SBMA.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Dual Acting Ligands Targeting the Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> and Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptors for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (2014)

A relatively new strategy in drug discovery is the development of dual acting ligands. These molecules are potentially able to interact at two orthosteric binding sites of a heterodimer simultaneously, possibly resulting in enhanced subtype selectivity, higher affinity, enhanced or modified physiological response, and reduced reliance on multiple drug administration regimens. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a series of classical heterobivalent ligands as well as a series of more integrated and "drug-like" dual acting molecules, incorporating ropinirole as a dopamine D2 receptor agonist and ZM 241385 as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. The best compounds of our series maintained the potency of the original pharmacophores at both receptors (adenosine A2A and dopamine D2). In addition, the integrated dual acting ligands also showed promising results in preliminary blood-brain barrier permeability tests, whereas the classical heterobivalent ligands are potentially more suited as pharmacological tools.
Conserved domain structure of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins involved in chloroplast RNA editing (2007)

The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form one of the largest families in higher plants and are believed to be involved in the posttranscriptional processes of gene expression in plant organelles. It has been shown by using a genetic approach focusing on NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) activity that a PPR protein CRR4 is essential for a specific RNA editing event in chloroplasts. Here, we discovered Arabidopsis crr21 mutants that are specifically impaired in the RNA editing of the site 2 of ndhD (ndhD-2), which encodes a subunit of the NDH complex. The CRR21 gene encodes a member of the PPR protein family. The RNA editing of ndhD-2 converts the Ser-128 of NdhD to leucine. In crr21, the activity of the NDH complex is specifically impaired, suggesting that the Ser128Leu change has important consequences for the function of the NDH complex. Both CRR21 and CRR4 belong to the E+ subgroup in the PLS subfamily that is characterized by the presence of a conserved C-terminal region (the E/E+ domain). This E/E+ domain is highly conserved and exchangeable between CRR21 and CRR4, although it is not essential for the RNA binding. Our results suggest that the E/E+ domain has a common function in RNA editing rather than of recognizing specific RNA sequences.
Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Reduced Prostate Cancer Risk (2010)

These results suggest that individuals with increased genetic susceptibility to T2D have decreased risk for PCa. This association is consistent with the observation that individuals with T2D are at decreased risk for PCa; however, data on T2D status was not available for this analysis.
Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with holographic memory (2003)

A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with a dual-focus holographic lenslet array and a known wavefront distortion is introduced. It enables measurement of a small phase distortion in optical waves under significant background wavefront aberrations and extending its angular dynamic range. The performance of the sensor is demonstrated using several phase objects of providing different wavefront shapes. The sensor performs as expected and the results are satisfactory.
Internal dynamics of IGBT under zero-voltage and zero-current switching conditions (1999)

Soft switching involves turning the semiconductor device on or off with minimal switching stress. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) are the two most popular variants of soft switching schemes. The turn-off performance of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT's) under ZVS and ZCS environments is critically evaluated in this paper. It is shown that the turn-off mechanism under ZVS and ZCS conditions is dissimilar. Charge removal from the drift region during ZVS turn-off is mainly due to carrier sweep-out and recombination. On the other hand, charge removal through the channel during the phase of no device current is shown to be an important mechanism governing the magnitude and extent of the current tail during ZCS turn-off. This also results in significantly reduced turn-off losses of IGBT in ZCS as compared to ZVS. Improved understanding of internal carrier dynamics will lead to better utilization of IGBT in a soft-switching environment.
Autologous vein supported with a biodegradable prosthesis for arterial grafting (1993)

To evaluate the potential of a supporting, compliant, biodegradable prosthesis to function as a temporary protective scaffold for autologous vein grafts in the arterial circulation, we implanted vein grafts into the carotid arteries of rabbits, either with (composite grafts) or without (control grafts) such a supporting prosthesis, and evaluated them up to 6 weeks. The control vein grafts showed edema and severe medial disruption with infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells on day 1. Over the study, irregular fibrocyte formation resulted in the formation of a fibrotic vein wall. In contrast, the composite vein grafts showed preservation of smooth muscle cell layers and elastic laminae with a minor inflammatory response. Regular proliferation of fibroblasts, which in some areas were circularly oriented, was observed. We conclude that a supporting, compliant, biodegradable prosthesis can function as a protective scaffold for vein grafts in the arterial circulation, thus reducing damage to the vein graft wall and allowing gradual arterialization.
Mining Community Structure of Named Entities from Web Pages and Blogs. (2006)

Although community discovery based on social network has been studied extensively in the Web hyperlink environment, limited research has been done in the case of Web documents. The co-occurrence of Words and entities in sentences and documents usually implies some connections among them. Studying such connections may reveal important relationships. In this paper, we investigate the cooccurrences of named entities in Web pages and blogs, and mine communities among those entities. We show that identifying communities in such an environment can be transformed into a graph clustering problem. A hierarchical clustering algorithm is then proposed, which exploits triangle structures within the graph and the mutual information between vertices. Our empirical study shows that the proposed algorithm is promising in discovering communities from Web documents.
Very High Cyclization Quantum Yields of Diarylethene Having Two <i>N</i>-Methylpyridinium Ions (2003)

Abstract Dithienylethenes having a pyridinium cation at one and both thiophene rings were synthesized. The derivatives with two pyridinium cation showed the cyclization quantum yield as high as 0.71, which is much larger than the values of the monocation derivative and the neutral form. This can be explained by the conformation of the open-ring isomer of the diarylethenes.
Neurology and psychiatry (2000)

As we enter the next millennium, neurology and psychiatry are trying to define their future roles.1-5 In this context, we review the initially common, then divergent relationship between neurology and psychiatry. We trace the emergence of neuroscience over the last two decades that has informed both disciplines. We illustrate those recent advances that have fundamentally changed brain science, requiring the abandonment of several central dogmas while compelling improvement in reciprocal relationships. Based on these changes, we call for the introduction of new training curricula and accreditation criteria for both neurology and psychiatry and recommend more effective collaborations with neuropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, and neurosurgery.

The scientific study of the brain and its relationship to complex behaviors began with Gall in the early 19th century.6 The anatomic studies of aphasia by Broca in 1861 and Wernicke in 1874 persuaded a number of scientists that the brain was the seat of intellectual competence as well as the potential site of mental problems.6 During the last half of the 19th century through World War II, figures from the ranks of European academia who engaged in the study of higher order mental dysfunction included Meynert, Liepmann, Pick, Oppenheim, Charcot, Korsakoff, von Monakow, Babinski, Janet, Freud, Jackson, Bleuler, Kraepelin, Bonhoeffer, and Alzheimer. All were considered to be neuropsychiatrists, interested in both neurology and psychiatry. Many held dual academic posts in neurology and psychiatry.6 Neuropathology arose from efforts, primarily based in Germany, to correlate changes in brain structure with mental illness.6

By the 1930s, many neurologic syndromes had been clinically defined and their neuropathologic bases identified.6 The elementary neurologic examination was refined with objective, consistent, and reproducible findings. Diagnostic tests such as CSF analysis and instruments such as the EEG were in place.2,6 These developments, as …
Organic Syntheses. (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Syntheses.V. BoekelheideCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 7, 1518Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01588a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01588a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploiting the CRC-CCITT code on the binary erasure channel (2010)

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes are designed for error detection, but can in principle be used for error correction. In this work, we analyze the performance of the CRC-CCITT code, both as a stand-alone code, and as the outer code in a serially concatenated code with an inner low-density parity-check code on the binary erasure channel. To optimize the recovery failure probability for low channel erasure probabilities, we propose to add a permutation/interleaver between the outer and inner codes in order to increase the overall stopping distance.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibits MRF4 Activity Independently of the Phosphorylation Status of a Conserved Threonine Residue within the DNA-Binding Domain (1993)

MRF4 is a member of the muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family that also includes MyoD, myogenin, and Myf-5. Each of these proteins, when overexpressed in fibroblasts, converts the cells to differentiated muscle fibers that express several skeletal muscle genes, such as those for alpha-actin, muscle creatine kinase, and troponin I. Despite the fact that MRF4 functions as a positive transcriptional regulator, the MRF4 protein is subject to negative regulation by a variety of agents, most notably by exposure of cells to purified growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In an effort to establish whether bFGF inhibits MRF4 activity through specific posttranslational modifications, we examined whether MRF4 exists in vivo as a phosphoprotein and whether the phosphorylation status of the protein regulates its activity. Our results indicate that MRF4 is phosphorylated predominantly on serine residues, with weak phosphorylation occurring on threonine residues. Both cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylate MRF4 in vitro as well as in vivo, and the overexpression of each kinase inhibits MRF4 activity and thus blocks terminal differentiation. PKC-directed phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue (T-99) situated within the DNA-binding domain inhibits MRF4 from binding in vitro to specific DNA targets. However, although T-99 itself is essential for myogenic activity, our studies demonstrate that the phosphorylation status of T-99 does not play a major role in regulating MRF4 activity in vivo, since PKA, PKC, and bFGF inhibit the activity of MRF4 proteins in which the identified PKA and PKC sites have been mutated. We suggest that the negative regulation of MRF4 imposed by bFGF does not involve a direct modification of the protein at the identified PKA and PKC sites but instead may involve the modification of specific coregulators that interact with this muscle regulatory factor.
Helical unwinding in polymer‐dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystals (1992)

Abstract We demonstrate that ferroelectric liquid crystals dispersed in a polymer matrix can form uniaxially aligned elliptical droplets. The alignment is controlled by mechanical shear during the polymerization of a UV‐curable adhesive. The possibility of prealignment makes polymer‐dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystals suitable for application in flexible electro‐optical displays. In contrast to surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal displays, the electro‐optical effect in our system is due to the deformed‐helix ferroelectric (DHF) effect.
Unraveling in Democratically Governed Groups (1990)

This essay presents a framework for the analysis of voting processes in interest group organizations. It explores the tension between majority rule and membership maintenance in a group. The major theoretical propositions are that myopic majority rule government can cause instability and a loss of members from the group. The risk of this instability, which is called unraveling, leads to behavioral and institutional solutions that impose nonmedian social choices on the group members. The theory is applied to the founding era of the American Federation of Labor, an important, long-lived organization. It is shown that the most important features of the AFL in this century are best explained by reference to the theory of social choice in voluntary organizations.
Preparation of Antistatic Coating Solutions by Blending Aniline Terminated Waterborne Polyurethane with PEDOT/PSS (2012)

Poly (carbonate diol), isophrone diisocyanate와 dimethylol propionic acid로부터 제조된 폴리우레탄 prepolymer의 말단 NCO 기를 aniline으로 capping시켜 aniline terminated waterborne polyurethane dispersion (ATPUD)을 합성하였다. 이 ATPUD와 순수한 waterborne polyurethane dispersion (PUD)을 각각 전도성 고분자인 polystyrene sulfonate로 도핑된 poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)[PEDOT/PSS]과 블렌딩시켜 대전방지용 코팅 용액을 제조한 후, 이것을 polycarbonate 기재 위에 도포하여 코팅 도막을 형성하였다. PEDOT/PSS가 2.5 g 이하로 적당량 첨가된 경우에는 ATPUD로 제조된 코팅 도막의 표면저항 값은 <TEX>$1.0{\times}10^{11}{\sim}2.5{\times}10^8{\Omega/cm^2$</TEX>로 순수한 PUD로부터 제조된 코팅 도막의 <TEX>$5.0{\times}10^{11}{\sim}6.3{\times}10^9{\Omega}/cm^2$</TEX> 보다 우수한 전기전도도를 나타내었다. 그러나 PEDOT/PSS가 3.0 g으로 과량 첨가된 경우에는 ATPUD로부터 제조된 코팅 도막과 PUD로부터 제조된 코팅 도막은 비슷한 전기전도도를 나타내었다. Polyurethane prepolymers were prepared from poly (carbonate diol), isophrone diisocyanate and dimethylol propionic acid. Then, aniline terminated waterborne polyurethane dispersion (ATPUD) was synthesized by capping the NCO group of the prepolymer with aniline monomer. Subsequently, ATPUD and waterborne polyurethane dispersion (PUD), respectively, were blended with conducting polymer, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate [PEDOT/PSS], to yield antistatic coating solutions, and the mixture was coated on the polycarbonate substrates. At adequate addition amounts of PEDOT/PSS less than or equal to 2.5 g, the surface resistances (<TEX>$1.0{\times}10^{11}{\sim}2.5{\times}10^8{\Omega}/cm^2$</TEX>) of coating films from ATPUD showed better electronic conductivities than those (<TEX>$5.0{\times}10^{11}{\sim}6.3{\times}10^9{\Omega}/cm^2$</TEX>) from PUD. However, at excess amount of PEDOT/PSS of 3.0 g, the surface resistance from ATPUD showed similar electronic conductivity with that from PUD.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Palladium Hydrazonato Complex: A New Type of Reductive Elimination Reaction To Form C−N Bonds and Catalytic Arylation of Benzophenone Hydrazone (1998)

A rare, structurally characterized μ<sup>1</sup> ,η<sup>1</sup> -hydrazonato complex is a probable intermediate in the Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of hydrazones. Starting from aryl halides the reaction proceeds efficiently and under mild conditions with chelating phosphane ligands (L<sub>2</sub> ); even Cs<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>3</sub> can be used as the base [Eq. (a)]. R=alkyl, aryl, MeCO, MeO; X=Br, I.
Structure and Properties of Silica Glass Densified in Cold Compression and Hot Compression (2015)

Silica glass has been shown in numerous studies to possess significant capacity for permanent densification under pressure at different temperatures to form high density amorphous (HDA) silica. However, it is unknown to what extent the processes leading to irreversible densification of silica glass in cold-compression at room temperature and in hot-compression (e.g., near glass transition temperature) are common in nature. In this work, a hot-compression technique was used to quench silica glass from high temperature (1100 °C) and high pressure (up to 8 GPa) conditions, which leads to density increase of ~25% and Young's modulus increase of ~71% relative to that of pristine silica glass at ambient conditions. Our experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide solid evidences that the intermediate-range order of the hot-compressed HDA silica is distinct from that of the counterpart cold-compressed at room temperature. This explains the much higher thermal and mechanical stability of the former than the latter upon heating and compression as revealed in our in-situ Brillouin light scattering (BLS) experiments. Our studies demonstrate the limitation of the resulting density as a structural indicator of polyamorphism, and point out the importance of temperature during compression in order to fundamentally understand HDA silica.
Segmentation of expiratory and inspiratory sounds in baby cry audio recordings using hidden Markov models (2011)

The paper describes an application of machine learning techniques to identify expiratory and inspiration phases from the audio recording of human baby cries. Crying episodes were recorded from 14 infants, spanning four vocalization contexts in their first 12 months of age; recordings from three individuals were annotated manually to identify expiratory and inspiratory sounds and used as training examples to segment automatically the recordings of the other 11 individuals. The proposed algorithm uses a hidden Markov model architecture, in which state likelihoods are estimated either with Gaussian mixture models or by converting the classification decisions of a support vector machine. The algorithm yields up to 95% classification precision (86% average), and its ability generalizes over different babies, different ages, and vocalization contexts. The technique offers an opportunity to quantify expiration duration, count the crying rate, and other time-related characteristics of baby crying for screening, diagnosis, and research purposes over large populations of infants.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of ASTM A508 Cl 2 Steel in Oxygenated Water at Elevated Temperatures (1982)

A508 Cl 2 steel has been found to undergo stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in pure water containing 1 or 8 ppm of oxygen at temperatures ranging from 100 to 288 C, as determined using constant extension rate tests (CERTs). At temperatures of 100 and 150 C, cracks nucleate at corrosion pits. At higher temperatures, however, cracks nucleate beneath hematite crystals which grow via a dissolution-precipitation mechanism upon a base oxide film at sites of high anodic dissolution activity. The susceptibility of SCC increases with increasing oxygen concentration, but passes through a maximum as a function of temperature at 250 C.
A Buoy Supported Acoustical Data Acquisition System (1969)

A marine acoustical data gathering system is described which consists of a planar array of 26 hydrophones supported from the surface by a spar buoy. The completely analog system is hardwired from the array through a 1500-foot down cable to the buoy and through a 4500-foot multiconductor floatable cable from the buoy to a recording vessel. The hydrophones, four environmental sensors, and subsurface electronics pressure vessel are supported by the 50-foot-diameter aluminum tube structure which could be suspended to depths of near surface to 1500 feet. Amplifiers and attenuators for processing the data prior to recording are contained in the ship-board electronics. The system was designed to record ambient noise over a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 3.0 kHz at system noise levels equivalent to sea state zero. At the same time, it was designed to have the flexibility for accommodating large signals such as those from close proximity surface vessels. The circuitry is described, and the operational capabilities of the system are illustrated.
A Pulsed Sensing Scheme With A Limited Bit-Line Swing (1991)

A 2/3 VDD sensing scheme with a limited bit-line swing (1_, proposed by S.H. Dhong and his co-workers, has high-speed and low-power features, and is suitable for high-speed CMOS DRAMs (2).