gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quadratic differential and integration technique in V<sup>2</sup> control buck converter with small ESR capacitor (2009)

This paper proposes a quadratic differential and integration (QDI) technique for the design of buck converters with small equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor. The QDI circuit not only further removes the dependence of ESR in the V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> control but also achieves a fast transient response with small load transient voltage variation. The experimental results show the output voltage can have voltage ripple about 30 mV and recovery time of 20 mus in case of 300 mA load current variation.
Persistence of Individual Variations in Glycated Hemoglobin (2011)

Individual variations in the rate of hemoglobin glycation are persistent and contribute to the inaccuracy in estimating MGs calculated from A1C levels.
Sensory Threshold of Off-Flavors Caused by Proteolysis and Lipolysis in Milk (2003)

The objective of this study was to determine the sensory threshold of off-flavor caused by lipolysis in 2% fat milk and to establish the relationship between increased proteolytic activity in milk and the detection of bitter off-flavor. Homogenized raw milk was held at room temperature for 100 min to allow the native milk lipase to release free fatty acids from the triglycerides. Low and high lipolysis pasteurized milk containing 2% fat were blended together in varying amounts to create a series of six milks with increasing free fatty acid (FFA) concentration for sensory evaluation. Sensory threshold for lipolysis in 2% fat milk was determined by ascending forced-choice procedure, with a series of triangle tests in four sessions with 25 panelists in each session. The group best estimated threshold was the geometric mean of the individual thresholds within each of four panel sessions. The geometric mean best estimated detection thresholds for off-flavors caused by lipolysis in 2% fat milk carried out by native milk lipases were 0.320, 0.322, 0.351, and 0.316 meq of FFA/kg milk for panels 1 to 4, respectively. One third of the panelists detected an off-flavor at or below 0.250 meq of FFA/kg milk. To establish the relationship between proteolysis and detection of off-flavor in pasteurized skim milk, 2800 ppm of CO2 were added to pasteurized skim milk, and it was stored for 27 d at 6 degrees C. Another portion of the same milk was frozen on d 1 at -40 degrees C for use as a low proteolysis portion of the same milk. Decrease in casein as a percentage of true protein (CN/TP) was used as an index of proteolysis. After 27 d at 6 degrees C the milk had a decrease in CN/TP of 4.76% and a standard plate count of 430 cfu/ml. The novel approach of storing milk at 6 degrees C for 27 d with added CO2 blocked microbial growth but allowed proteolytic degradation by milk enzymes to proceed. Before sensory analysis, CO2 was removed by vacuum from the high proteolysis milk and the low proteolysis milk was given the same heat and vacuum. Two triangle tests were performed to determine whether panelists could detect off-flavors caused by proteolysis in milk. The threshold detection of off-flavor in skim milk produced by the action of native milk proteases was less than a decrease of CN/TP of 4.76%, but this value is probably near the threshold.
Comparison of Zopiclone Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Impaired Renal Function and Normal Subjects. Effect of Hemodialysis (1987)

Maximal blood concentration (Cmax), time to concentration peak (Tmax), area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC infinity) and half-life (t1/2) after the oral administration of zopiclone 7.5 mg were compared in patients with severe renal failure (group I), with moderate renal insufficiency (group II), and in healthy volunteers (group III) over a 72-h period. Cmax did not differ from one group to the other but Tmax was significantly longer in group II. Half-lives were longer in renal patients than in healthy volunteers and AUC infinity s tended to increase with the degree of renal failure. Hemodialysis of the severely ill renal patients did not increase the plasma clearance of zopiclone. Finally, only small amounts of drug were found in urine in the three groups. Overall, results allow the conclusion that zopiclone may be safely used in patients with various degrees of renal impairment.
Valproic acid induces astrocyte‐dependent neurite outgrowth from cultured rat primary cortical neuron via modulation of tPA/PAI‐1 activity (2013)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is expressed in several regions of brain and plays regulatory roles such as neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity and long term potentiation. The activity of tPA is regulated by an endogenous inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which is expressed mainly in astrocytes. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorders, promotes neurite extension, neuronal growth and has neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined whether the neurite extension effects of VPA is mediated by modulating tPA/PAI-1 system. VPA dose-dependently increased tPA activity and decreased PAI-1 activity in rat primary astrocytes but not in neurons. PAI-1 protein level secreted into the culture medium but not tPA per se was decreased by VPA. In co-culture system or in neuronal culture stimulated with astrocyte conditioned media but not in pure neuronal cell culture, VPA induced neurite outgrowth via increased tPA activity due to the decreased PAI-1 activity in astrocytes. The decrease in PAI-1 activity and increased neurite extension was regulated via JNK mediated post-transcriptional pathway. The essential role of tPA/PAI-1 system in the regulation of VPA-mediated neurite extension was further demonstrated by experiments using astrocyte conditioned media obtained from tPA or PAI-1 knockout mice. Regulation of PAI-1 activity in astrocyte by VPA may affect both physiological and pathological processes in brain by upregulating tPA activity.
Overexpression of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Acyl-CoA Binding Protein ACBP3 Promotes Starvation-Induced and Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence  (2010)

Bulk degradation and nutrient recycling are events associated with autophagy. The core components of the autophagy machinery have been elucidated recently using molecular and genetic approaches. In particular, two ubiquitin-like proteins, ATG8 and ATG12, which conjugate with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ATG5, respectively, forming ATG8-PE and ATG12-ATG5 complexes, were shown to be essential in autophagosome formation. Our recent findings reveal that the Arabidopsis thaliana acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP3 binds the phospholipid PE in vitro and that ACBP3 overexpression and downregulation correlate with PE composition in rosettes. Furthermore, ACBP3-overexpressors (ACBP3-OEs) display accelerated salicylic acid-dependent leaf senescence resembling the phenotype of Arabidopsis knockout (KO) mutants defective in autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Consistently, downregulation of ACBP3 (ACBP3-KOs) delays dark-induced leaf senescence. By analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing GFP-ATG8e as well as those co-expressing ACBP3-OE and GFP-ATG8e, we showed that ACBP3-overexpression disrupts autophagosome formation and enhanced degradation of ATG8 under starvation conditions, suggesting that ACBP3 is an important regulator of the ATG8-PE complex via its interaction with PE. Here, a working model for the role of ACBP3 in the regulation of autophagy-mediated leaf senescence is presented.
Testing Tasks Management in Testing Cloud Environment (2011)

In testing Cloud environment testing tasks requested by different tenants have many uncertainties. The arriving time, deadline and the number of tasks are unknown in advance. Especially, the relationships between testing tasks and testing environments are very complex. How to efficiently manage these tasks is really a challenging problem. This paper studies the special features of testing tasks and presents a task management framework. We analyze the dependencies and conflicts associated with testing tasks and their related runtime environments, using rule matching mechanism to derive the relationships supported by domain knowledge. Based on these analyses, improved algorithms are introduced to cluster and dynamically schedule testing tasks to minimize the make-span or meet deadlines with the consideration of testing task resource requirements and Cloud resource utilization balance at the same time. A fault tolerance mechanism is built to cope with testing errors, whose results are studied to ameliorate clustering and scheduling algorithms. A suite of experiments compares the effectiveness of the proposed approach with other algorithms.
Hemilabile Ligands in Organolithium Chemistry:  Substituent Effects on Lithium Ion Chelation (2003)

The lithium diisopropylamide-mediated 1,2-elimination of 1-bromocyclooctene to provide cyclooctyne is investigated using approximately 50 potentially hemilabile polyethers and amino ethers. Rate laws for selected ligands reveal chelated monomer-based pathways. The dependence of the rates on ligand structure shows that anticipated rate accelerations based on the gem-dimethyl effect are nonexistent and that substituents generally retard the reaction. With the aid of semiempirical and DFT computational studies, the factors influencing chelation are discussed. It seems that severe buttressing within chelates of the substitutionally rich ligands precludes a net stabilization of the chelates relative to nonchelated (eta(1)-solvated) forms. One ligand-MeOCH(2)CH(2)NMe(2)-appears to promote elimination uniquely by a higher-coordinate monomer-based pathway.
A removable extraluminal Doppler probe for continuous monitoring of changes in cardiac output. (1983)

To address the problem of monitoring cardiac output in postoperative cardiac patients, a removable, extraluminal pulsed Doppler probe has been constructed which continuously reflects changes in cardiac output by monitoring blood velocity in the ascending aorta. Velocity is related to the frequency of the Doppler shift and the angle at which the ultrasound beam intersects the vessel. A 1 mm2 piezoelectric crystal mounted at a 45 degree angle on the tip of the probe is activated with a 20-MHz range-gated pulsed Doppler, and velocity is determined from Fourier analysis of quadrature data using computer software with a 50-KHz processing range. The device is designed for application to the ascending aorta at the conclusion of a cardiac surgical procedure; and, since mean diameter changes in the ascending aorta have been shown to be very small over a wide range of mean aortic pressures, cardiac output is linearly related to velocity. To test this technique, simultaneous recordings were made from the pulsed Doppler probe and an electromagnetic flow probe in five mongrel dogs over a range of cardiac outputs from 0.5 to 6 l/min for a total of 136 data points. Excellent correlation was found between the electromagnetic flow probe and pulsed Doppler probe data (average r = .98 +/- .006). Average slope between the two was 1.004 and average zero intercept was -0.025 l/min. The catheter is small, stable, has no baseline drift, and continuously and accurately reflects pulsatile changes at high and low flows.
Structure of the Complex of Calmodulin with the Target Sequence of Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase I:  Studies of the Kinase Activation Mechanism (2002)

Calcium-saturated calmodulin (CaM) directly activates CaM-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) by binding to a region in the C-terminal regulatory sequence of the enzyme to relieve autoinhibition. The structure of CaM in a high-affinity complex with a 25-residue peptide of CaMKI (residues 294-318) has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.7 A resolution. Upon complex formation, the CaMKI peptide adopts an alpha-helical conformation, while changes in the CaM domain linker enable both its N- and C-domains to wrap around the peptide helix. Target peptide residues Trp-303 (interacting with the CaM C-domain) and Met-316 (with the CaM N-domain) define the mode of binding as 1-14. In addition, two basic patches on the peptide form complementary charge interactions with CaM. The CaM-peptide affinity is approximately 1 pM, compared with 30 nM for the CaM-kinase complex, indicating that activation of autoinhibited CaMKI by CaM requires a costly energetic disruption of the interactions between the CaM-binding sequence and the rest of the enzyme. We present biochemical and structural evidence indicating the involvement of both CaM domains in the activation process: while the C-domain exhibits tight binding toward the regulatory sequence, the N-domain is necessary for activation. Our crystal structure also enables us to identify the full CaM-binding sequence. Residues Lys-296 and Phe-298 from the target peptide interact directly with CaM, demonstrating overlap between the autoinhibitory and CaM-binding sequences. Thus, the kinase activation mechanism involves the binding of CaM to residues associated with the inhibitory pseudosubstrate sequence.
Global 3D rigid registration of medical images (2000)

We present in this paper an iterative algorithm for the simultaneous registration of multiple 3D medical images. The proposed algorithm is a point-based registration method and is based on global registration techniques rather than the traditional pair-wise registration methods. Corresponding feature points, known as extremal points, are first automatically extracted from the 3D images and are used as the matching features in the registration process. These extremal points are stable landmarks, as the relative positions of these points are known to be invariant according to 3D rigid transformations. The registration algorithm is based on a novel weighted least squares formulation and it also incorporates 3D noise models on the extracted feature points. Results are presented for the 3D rigid registration of three successive MR images of the same patient taken at different periods of time.
Clinical Evaluation of Effects of Local Application of Aloe vera Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. (2017)

This study revealed that local application of aloe vera gel could be considered as an adjunctive treatment with scaling and root planning for chronic periodontitis.
Automated monitoring of diaphragm end-expiratory position for real-time navigator echo MR coronary angiography (1999)

Real-time navigator echo (NE)-gated magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA) during free respiration is now possible. However, the mean diaphragm end-expiratory position (DEEP) drifts over time, and this results in a reduction in scanning efficiency and increased artifacts due to the acquisition of data during periods of high diaphragm velocity. To address these problems, a diaphragm monitoring program that follows the mean DEEP over time has been developed. Fifteen subjects with ischemic heart disease underwent continuous NE monitoring of their diaphragm for 30 minutes. Using these diaphragm traces, theoretical MRCA scans were performed. Several diaphragm monitoring algorithms were developed and compared with the simplest case (a stationary 5 mm NE acceptance window placed around the mean DEEP, as measured by NE monitoring at the outset of the scan). An overall scan efficiency was calculated, and the number of completed scans where the mean DEEP lay within the NE acceptance window was recorded. Of the six algorithms considered, the most effective one monitored the mean DEEP and prospectively placed the upper limit of the NE acceptance window on this position for the subsequent acquisition. Using this algorithm in comparison with the simplest stationary scenario, both scan efficiency (47.9% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.01) and the number of completed scans where the mean DEEP lay within the NE acceptance window (71.2 vs. 30.3, P < 0.001) were improved. The implementation of such a monitoring algorithm, in combination with adaptive motion correction techniques, should improve overall scan efficiency while maintaining the end-expiratory position at the top end of the NE acceptance window, to reduce image artifacts.
Conversations in the Cognitive Neurosciences (1996)

Part 1 Basic neuroscience approaches to cognition: neurochemical brain imaging. Part 2 Attentional and perceptual processes: attention perceptual processes. Part 3 Neural basis of memory: neurons and memory human memory. Part 4 Language: evolutionary perspectives brain and language. Part 5 Imagery and consciousness: mental imagery qualia.
Efficient Nd:YAG laser end pumped by a high-power multistripe laser-diode bar with multiprism array coupling (1996)

A 10-W laser-diode bar, a multistripe monolithic laser-diode array, has been used to end pump Nd:YAG. Twelve beams emitted from 12 stripes, spaced 800 µm apart, of a 1-cm linear diode array were collimated with a multiprism array consisting of 14 prismlets with 800-µm width to pump the Nd:YAG facet. The maximum Nd:YAG cw output power at 1064 nm of 3 W was obtained at 10-W laser-diode-bar power with a slope efficiency of 35%, and a TEM(00) spatial mode with values of beam-quality factor M(2) of 1.29 and 1.76 in the planes perpendicular and parallel to the junction, respectively. A pulse width of 25.2 ns (1-kHz repetition) was obtained in acousto-optic Q-switched operation.
Distributed subscriptions clustering with limited knowledge sharing for content-based publish/subscribe systems (2007)

One of the main issues in content-based publish/subscribe (CBPS) systems is how to dynamically determine groups of similar subscriptions to be adopted for exploiting efficient multicast techniques while guaranteeing at the same time the expressiveness of the subscription scheme. In this work, we propose a distributed mechanism which aims at satisfying important requirements of CBPS systems, that are: i) to guarantee the expressiveness of the subscription languages typical of the content-based paradigm, ii) to exploit efficient events dissemination, iii) to maintain the system scalability in terms of nodes and subscriptions, iv) to start an adaptive system reconfiguration despite new incoming subscriptions. One of the main feature of the proposed mechanism is the use of the system state knowledge sharing by system nodes, with the goal of limiting the system overhead in terms of computing, bandwidth and storage resources. Through a set of simulations we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution.
A real-time realization of an automatic dynamic range adjustment method on a smart mobile device for point-of-care ultrasound imaging (2014)

Dynamic range (DR) is one of the most essential parameters that determine the image quality and feature representation in ultrasound B-mode imaging. Thus, the automatic DR adjustment (ADRA) method was previously proposed for reducing user dependency and improving image quality. In this paper, for a smart phone based point-of-care ultrasound imaging system, the real-time realization of the ADRA method on a smart phone using a mobile GPU is presented. The ADRA method was implemented on the NEXUS 4 running on the Android 4.3 by utilizing the several graphics pipelines supported from the OpenGL ES platform. For evaluating the real-time ADRA method, 200 frames of in vivo abdominal data were acquired by a 3.5-MHz convex array transducer from with a commercial ultrasound scanner equipped with a research package (Accuvix V10, Samsung Medison, Seoul, Korea). The GPU-based ADRA method showed the enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) compared to the conventional method with a fixed DR value, i.e., 3.89±0.71 vs. 3.35±0.88, respectively. In addition, it showed a higher frame rate (i.e., >60 frames/sec) compared to the CPU-based ADRA method while providing the comparable CNR value. These results indicate that the ADRA method can be successfully supported in the smartphone while improving the image quality with less user dependency.
Predicting the insurgence of human genetic diseases associated to single point protein mutations with support vector machines and evolutionary information (2006)

A beta version of the web tool is available at http://gpcr.biocomp.unibo.it/cgi/predictors/PhD-SNP/PhD-SNP.cgi
Exploring Developer Preferences for Visualizing External Information Within Source Code Editors (2020)

Developers increasingly rely on external tools and services which causes development information to be scattered across different information silos. To access this information, developers need to access different applications, presentation files, and web services. This paper investigates mechanisms for incorporating external information sources into Integrated Development Environments using visual mechanisms to support common software development activities. Through a developer survey and a small experiment we find that developers prefer minimal representations for incorporating external information sources into their source code editors, and that they are able to use this information when performing their development tasks.
Hydride Transfer Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Cyclic Oligomethylhydrosiloxane. Route to a Polymer of Closed Multicyclic Structure (2012)

The ring-opening polymerization of 2,4,6,8-tetramethyltetrahydro-cyclotetrasiloxane, DH4, in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, B(C6F5)3, has been studied in dilute toluene solution. The mechanism of this polymerization was investigated. The initiation and propagation steps are the B(C6F5)3 catalyzed ring-opening of DH4 by the SiH group resulting in its addition to a growing chain, which occurs with hydride ion transfer to the chain end. Since there are multiple SiH groups present in the monomer, the formed polymer has extensive branching. Although the bulk polymerization leads to gel formation at an early stage of the process, no gelation is observed when the reaction is performed in 10 wt % solution in toluene. This unexpected observation is due to two reaction features. First, an extensive cyclization occurs leading to a closed multicyclic polymer structure. Second, the initiation leads to the formation of very reactive −OSiMeH2 chain end, which is the real propagation center. Branching does not occur in the propagation but in the initiation and termination steps. Gaseous MeSiH3 is released in the latter step.
Antitumor activity of the c-Myc inhibitor KSI-3716 in gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer (2014)

Intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutic agents is a well-established treatment strategy to decrease recurrence following transurethral resection in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Gemcitabine is a recently developed treatment option. However, the curative effects of gemcitabine are far from satisfactory due to de novo or acquired drug resistance. In a previous study, we reported that intravesical administration of the c-Myc inhibitor KSI-3716 suppresses tumor growth in an orthotopic bladder cancer model. Here, we explored whether KSI-3716 inhibits gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cell proliferation. As expected from the in vitro cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in several bladder cancer cell lines, gemcitabine effectively suppressed the growth of KU19-19 xenografts in nude mice, although all mice relapsed later. Long-term in vitro exposure to gemcitabine induced gemcitabine-specific resistance. Gemcitabine-resistant cells, termed KU19-19/GEM, formed xenograft tumors even in the presence of 2 mg/kg gemcitabine. Interestingly, KU19-19/GEM cells up-regulated c-Myc expression in the presence of the gemcitabine and resisted to the gemcitabine, however was suppressed by the KSI-3716. The sequential addition of gemcitabine and KSI-3716 inhibited gemcitabine-resistant cell proliferation to a great extent than each drug alone. These results suggest that sequential treatment with gemcitabine and KSI-3716 may be beneficial to bladder cancer patients.
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): fruit fly or outlier in organic solar cell research? (2016)

Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used as a model polymer for research in organic solar cells.