gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the expected complexity of integer least-squares problems (2002)

The problem of finding the least-squares solution to a system of linear equations where the unknown vector is comprised of integers, but the matrix coefficient and given vector are comprised of real numbers, arises in many applications: communications, cryptography, GPS, to name a few. The problem is equivalent to finding the closest lattice point to a given point and is known to be NP-hard. In communications applications, however, the given vector is not arbitrary, but rather is an unknown lattice point that has been perturbed by an additive noise vector whose statistical properties are known. Therefore in this paper, rather than dwell on the worst-case complexity of the integer-least-squares problem, we study its expected complexity, averaged over the noise and over the lattice. For the “sphere decoding” algorithm of Fincke and Pohst we find a closed-form expression for the expected complexity and show that for a wide range of noise variances the expected complexity is polynomial, in fact often sub-cubic. Since many communications systems operate at noise levels for which the expected complexity turns out to be polynomial, this suggests that maximum-likelihood decoding, which was hitherto thought to be computationally intractable, can in fact be implemented in realtime—a result with many practical implications.
On the optimum polarizations of incoherently reflected waves (1987)

In radar imaging, the scattered waves are usually partially polarized. Accordingly, the concept of optimum polarization must be extended to the case of incoherent scattering where the scattered waves are partially polarized. Here, it will be shown that the Stokes scattering operator is the most suitable characterization of incoherent scattering. The problem of finding the polarization that would yield an optimum amount of power received from the scatterer is solved by assuming a knowledge of the Stokes scattering operator instead of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 2</tex> scattering matrix with complex elements. The advantage of this method is that it may be used to find the optimum polarizations for the case wherein the scatterers can only be fully characterized by their Stokes scattering operator (incoherent scattering) and the case wherein the scatterer can be fully characterized by the complex <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 2</tex> scattering matrix (coherent scattering). In this report, it will he shown that the optimum polarizations reported thus far in the literature, i.e., when the problem is solved by using a knowledge of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 2</tex> scattering matrix, form the solutions for a subset of a more general class of problems. When the solution of the problem is based on a knowledge of the Stokes scattering operator, it is found that for incoherent scattering six optimum polarizations can exist, whereas when the solution is based on the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 2</tex> scattering matrix, the number of optimum polarizations is necessarily limited to four.
Cross-Resistance in and Chemical Control of Auxinic Herbicide-Resistant Yellow Starthistle (<i>Centaurea solstitialis</i>)<sup>1</sup> (2001)

An accession of auxinic herbicide-resistant yellow starthistle found near Dayton, WA, was tested to evaluate cross-resistance to growth regulator herbicides and susceptibility to herbicides with different modes of action. Picloram at 0.43 kg ae/ha removed susceptible (S) yellow starthistle plants from a field plot, and surviving resistant (R) plants were dug and moved to the greenhouse. Known S plants were transplanted from a pasture near the R population. The R biotype was reconfirmed as resistant to picloram in greenhouse tests, with resistance ratios of 5.6 and 3.8 for vegetative and reproductive biomass, respectively, and 10.2 for LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of the treated population) data. The R biotype was also cross-resistant to clopyralid and dicamba in all responses and to 2,4-D and triclopyr in vegetative biomass and LD50 data. In field trials, eight herbicides were applied alone and in various combinations with and without addition of picloram. The yellow starthistle population was apparently comprised of differing percentages of R and S plants in 1997 and 1998, as picloram alone controlled 65 to 76% of the yellow starthistle in 1997 and 96 to 97% in 1998. BAS 662 01H (dicamba SAN 836) at 0.28 or 0.42 kg ae/ha, respectively, or dicamba at 0.56 kg ae/ha were the best alternative treatments in either trial in either year, but only in 1998 did control exceed 85%. Picloram and other auxinic herbicides should continue to be useful for control of mixed R and S yellow starthistle populations. However, effective herbicides with different mode(s) of action integrated with range improvement practices and biological control must be identified for long-term yellow starthistle management.Nomenclature: BAS 662 01H (formerly SAN 1269; contains 20% ae 2-(1-[([3, 5-difluorophenylamino] carbonyl)-hydrazono] ethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) (formerly SAN 836 [proposed common name diflufenzopyr]) plus 50% ae dicamba; yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. #3 CENSO.Additional index words: Growth regulator herbicides, herbicide resistance, picloram.Abbreviations: I50, dose causing 50% reduction in vegetative or reproductive weight; POST, postemergence; R, resistant; S, susceptible,.
Prehistoric Polymers: Rubber Processing in Ancient Mesoamerica (1999)

Ancient Mesoamerican peoples harvested latex from Castilla elastica, processed it using liquid extracted from Ipomoea alba (a species of morning glory vine), and fashioned rubber balls, hollow rubber figurines, and other rubber artifacts from the resulting material. Chemical and mechanical analyses of the latex and of the processed rubber indicate that the enhanced elastic behavior of the rubber relative to the unprocessed latex is due to purification of the polymer component and to an increase in the strength and number of interchain interactions that are induced by organic compounds present in I. alba. These ancient peoples' control over the properties of latex and processed rubber gave rise to the Mesoamerican ball game, a central ritual element in all ancient Mesoamerican societies.
Aesthetic Rating and Color Suggestion for Color Palettes (2016)

Abstract A model to rate color combinations that considers human aesthetic preferences is proposed. The proposed method does not assume that a color palette has a specific number of colors, i.e., input is not restricted to a two‐, three‐, or five‐color palettes. We extract features from a color palette whose size does not depend on the number of colors in the palette. The proposed rating prediction model is trained using a human color preference dataset. The model allows a user to extend a color palette, e.g., from three colors to five or seven colors, while retaining color harmony. In addition, we present a color search scheme for a given palette and a customized version of the proposed model for a specific color tone. We demonstrate that the proposed model can also be applied to various palette‐based applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Domain Monocrystalline Magnetite Particles by Oxidative Aging of Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub> (2008)

We report the fabrication of highly crystalline magnetite particles with a uniform morphology and a relatively uniform average size of 54 nm. Particles were fabricated by oxidation of Fe(OH)2 by nitrate in basic aqueous media. Characterization of the particles by means of transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction, and magnetometry showed that they were octahedral magnetic monodomains of highly stoichiometric magnetite (unit formula was estimated to be Fe2.985O4), with room-temperature ferrimagnetic behavior and a saturation magnetization of 81.6 emu/g.
A bandwidth reservation protocol for hard QoS guaranteed differentiated services (2002)

We aim to provide a hard QoS guaranteed service with end-to-end behavior across domains in Diff-Serv. We add the bandwidth reservation process for each EF session in Diff-Serv with strict QoS provision. For this purpose, we utilize three mechanisms for the new framework: (1) local centralized resource management, (2) centralized route discovery, and (3) a sender-initiated signaling protocol. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated against the current Diff-Serv framework and is shown to have advantages in terms of the congestion probability and average delay for both short-term and long-term EF traffic.
La necrose du collet du colza: analyse de la distribution du champignon dans la plante a l'aide d'outils moleculaires (2002)

National audience
3D measuring in the field of endoscopy (2011)

Industrial optical 3D-measurement techniques are well established to achieve quality targets in production and manufacturing. However measurements inside of objects, especially small ones, are still a challenge since there is no easy access for measurement tools. Inspection tools like endoscopes, which provide a 2D-view or a stereoscopic view of inner surfaces, are commercially available and widely used. Nevertheless, there is no technique for precisely measuring the inner surface geometry of a small hollow object. Especially medical applications would greatly benefit from "dimensional" measuring. Thus a novel approach and a corresponding prototype of a miniaturized endoscopic 3D-scanner are presented. To be suited even for very narrow objects, the prototype has a maximum diameter of 3.6 mm, its flexible design allows for access to bent tubes or canals. The 3D scanning approach is based on the principle of active triangulation, which means that a coded light pattern is projected and then viewed under a different angle. It is usually difficult to realize triangulation setups in a small embodiment. Therefore an optical tandem of a miniaturized pattern projector and a small camera with a resolution of 400 x 400 pixel is presented as a practical solution. The projector projects a pattern of 15 rings of distinct colors into a cylindrical measurement space where the color sequence constitutes a code. The camera uses a catadioptric setup with a spherical mirror to enhance its field of view. It detects the projected rings and is then able to unambiguously reconstruct the 3D-shape of a surface using ray-cone intersection. This so called color coding approach provides several advantages. For example, only a static projection pattern is needed, which greatly reduces complexity and size of the projector compared to phase shifting technologies. Experimental 3D-scans of arbitrarily shaped tubes demonstrate good performance and an accuracy of about 0.1mm.
A NEWLY DESIGNED INFLOW VALVE CONDUIT FOR THE THORATEC HEARTMATE XVE (IN-VIVO TESTING) (2003)

The Thoratec® HeartMate® XVE LVAD(XVE-L) has been redesigned to allow exchange of the inflow valve conduit after implantation without having to remove the device completely. We evaluated the exchange mechanism. Two acute studies were performed in a calf model to determine the feasibility of inflow conduit exchange. A sternotomy was made, CPB initiated, and a XVE-L was implanted. The LVAD was operated for 2 h, after which it was stopped, CPB was reinitiated, and the inflow conduit was exchanged using specially designed tools. A third study was performed in a cadaver to determine which of 3 surgical approaches (sternotomy, thoracotomy, or subdiaphragmatic incision) allowed the best results. In the calf studies, sternotomy allowed excellent thoracic exposure to rotate the tools and remove the inflow conduit. In the cadaver study, sternotomy was the most efficient approach, allowing excellent exposure to the inflow valve conduit and outflow graft. The thoracotomy approach also allowed successful conduit exchange but de-airing of the LVAD requires further studies. Subdiaphragmatic incision was the least successful approach, allowing only a restricted access to the conduit. Exchange of the inflow valve conduit in the redesigned XVE-L through a sternotomy, using the replacement tools is straightforward. This should allow the inflow valve conduit to be replaced without having to completely remove the device, thus minimizing surgical exposure and trauma. This should in turn enhance the long-term durability and performance of the XVE-L when used clinically.
Cardiac Deletion of Smyd2 Is Dispensable for Mouse Heart Development (2010)

Chromatin modifying enzymes play a critical role in cardiac differentiation. Previously, it has been shown that the targeted deletion of the histone methyltransferase, Smyd1, the founding member of the SET and MYND domain containing (Smyd) family, interferes with cardiomyocyte maturation and proper formation of the right heart ventricle. The highly related paralogue, Smyd2 is a histone 3 lysine 4- and lysine 36-specific methyltransferase expressed in heart and brain. Here, we report that Smyd2 is differentially expressed during cardiac development with highest expression in the neonatal heart. To elucidate the functional role of Smyd2 in the heart, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice harboring a cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Smyd2 and performed histological, functional and molecular analyses. Unexpectedly, cardiac deletion of Smyd2 was dispensable for proper morphological and functional development of the murine heart and had no effect on global histone 3 lysine 4 or 36 methylation. However, we provide evidence for a potential role of Smyd2 in the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with translation and reveal that Smyd2, similar to Smyd3, interacts with RNA Polymerase II as well as to the RNA helicase, HELZ.
Towards automated task planning for service robots using semantic knowledge representation (2012)

Automated task planning for service robots faces great challenges in handling dynamic domestic environments. Classical methods in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) area mostly focus on relatively structured environments with fewer uncertainties. This work proposes a method to combine semantic knowledge representation with classical approaches in AI to build a flexible framework that can assist service robots in task planning at the high symbolic level. A semantic knowledge ontology is constructed for representing two main types of information: environmental description and robot primitive actions. Environmental knowledge is used to handle spatial uncertainties of particular objects. Primitive actions, which the robot can execute, are constructed based on a STRIPS-style structure, allowing a feasible solution (an action sequence) for a particular task to be created. With the Care-O-Bot (CoB) robot as the platform, we explain this work with a simple, but still challenging, scenario named “get a milk box”. A recursive back-trace search algorithm is introduced for task planning, where three main components are involved, namely primitive actions, world states, and mental actions. The feasibility of the work is demonstrated with the CoB in a simulated environment.
Compensatory Responses to Pyruvate Carboxylase Suppression in Islet β-Cells (2006)

We have previously reported that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is tightly correlated with pyruvate carboxylase (PC)-catalyzed anaplerotic flux into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and stimulation of pyruvate cycling activity. To further evaluate the role of PC in beta-cell function, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus containing a small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to PC (Ad-siPC). Ad-siPC reduced PC mRNA levels by 83 and 64% and PC protein by 56 and 35% in INS-1-derived 832/13 cells and primary rat islets, respectively. Surprisingly, this manipulation did not impair GSIS in rat islets. In Ad-siPC-treated 832/13 cells, GSIS was slightly increased, whereas glycolytic rate and glucose oxidation were unaffected. Flux through PC at high glucose was decreased by only 20%, suggesting an increase in PC-specific activity. Acetyl carnitine, a surrogate for acetyl-CoA, an allosteric activator of PC, was increased by 36% in Ad-siPC-treated cells, suggesting a mechanism by which PC enzymatic activity is maintained with suppressed PC protein levels. In addition, the NADPH:NADP ratio, a proposed coupling factor for GSIS, was unaffected in Ad-siPC-treated cells. We conclude that beta-cells activate compensatory mechanisms in response to suppression of PC expression that prevent impairment of anaplerosis, pyruvate cycling, NAPDH production, and GSIS.
Research on genetic algorithm (2005)

Genetic algorithm is a random search and optimization method based on natural select and genetic mechanism of the living beings.It is successfully used in solving the complex optimization and the industrial engineering problem.Recently research on genetic algorithm has attracted a lot of attention from the learners at home and abroad.The research state and advances in genetic algorithm are discussed and surveyed in this paper.The basic algorithms,theory and implementation techniques of genetic algorithm are outlined.The performance analysis of genetic algorithm is evaluated.At last,the paper shows the advantages of genetic algorithm on solving the complex optimization problem by the example of traveling saleman.
Hydraulic Fracturing 101: What Every Representative, Environmentalist, Regulator, Reporter, Investor, University Researcher, Neighbor, and Engineer Should Know About Hydraulic Fracturing Risk (2012)

Management - This is an excerpt from SPE 152596. The use of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing is so effective that it has been called “disruptive.” That is, it threatens the profitability and continued development of other energy sources, such as wind and solar, because it is much less expensive and far more reliable. Not only that, but compared with coal, natural gas produces only half the carbon dioxide and almost no sulfur, nitrous oxides, or mercury. Those demonstrable benefits over both traditional and alternative energy draw monetary and political attacks. Some university and media reports have focused on two main environmental concerns about using hydraulic fracturing to recover shale gas: Groundwater and/or surface-water contamination by methane or chemicals Escape of methane gas to the atmosphere These risks come from well construction, transportation of chemicals and fluids to the well site, and operation of the wells and the gas-transport system. This paper is an abbreviated analysis of a larger document on factual information about the purported risks of hydraulic fracturing: 1. Deep-well hydraulic fracturing does not travel through the rock far enough to harm fresh-water supplies. Thousands of field-monitoring tests and millions of fracturing jobs have confirmed this point. 2. In the deep, properly constructed wells that produce most US shale gas, the chance of even minor water contamination from fracturing chemicals is less than one event in a million fracture treatments, based on statistical analysis. When compared with the frequency of pollution from chemical dumps, acid mine drainage, general manufacturing, oil refining, and other energy- or product-producing activities, natural gas from conventional and unconventional sources generates more energy with the least impact and fewest problems. 3. Even as underground fractures grow (mostly outward with limited upward and downward growth), the total fracture extent remains thousands of feet below the deepest fresh water sands. The height of any fracture is limited by rock stresses, leakage of fracturing fluids within the target fracturing zone, and the hundreds of natural rock barriers that border the shale zone. Typical fracture height is 100 to 300 ft and separation between the top of the fracture and the deepest fresh water sands ranges from 3000 to over 5000 ft. 4. Water contamination due to spilled industrial chemicals occurs rarely and even less so for fracturing chemicals and comes exclusively from careless road transport, on-site storage and surface mixing, or well construction. These failings can be addressed successfully with existing technology and effective regulations. It is interesting to note that the states with the fewest problems are those with strong state regulations. Appropriate regulations already exist in most producing states and work very effectively to protect the environment.
Stereolithographed MM-wave corrugated horn antennas (2011)

We describe the fabrication and testing of corrugated horn antennas designed for operation in the W-band (75-110 GHz). These antennas are constructed using stereolithography and plated with copper. They demonstrate return loss <; -20 dB across most of the band and main beam patterns nearly identical with electroformed horns of the same design.
Cardiovascular physiology. Effects of microgravity. (1992)

Experiments during spaceflight and its groundbase analog, bedrest, provide consistent data which demonstrate that numerous changes in cardiovascular function occur as part of the physiological adaptation process to the microgravity environment. These include elevated heart rate and venous compliance, lowered blood volume, central venous pressure and stroke volume, and attenuated autonomic reflex functions. Although most of these adaptations are not functionally apparent during microgravity exposure, they manifest themselves during the return to the gravitational challenge of earth's terrestrial environment as orthostatic hypotension and instability, a condition which could compromise safety, health and productivity. Development and application of effective and efficient countermeasures such as saline "loading," intermittent venous pooling, pharmacological treatments, and exercise have become primary emphases of the space life sciences research effort with only limited success. Successful development of countermeasures will require knowledge of the physiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular adaptation to microgravity which can be obtained only through controlled, parallel groundbased research to complement carefully designed flight experiments. Continued research will provide benefits for both space and clinical applications as well as enhance the basic understanding of cardiovascular homeostasis in humans.
Biochemical Properties of Human Oral Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1998)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from the oral cavity of healthy human volunteers, spontaneously generated superoxide, nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) which exhibited strong luminol chemiluminescence (LCL). To understand the physiological roles of oral PMN (OPMN), biochemical properties of the cells were analyzed. Biochemical analysis revealed that OPMN were already primed under physiological conditions. Western blot analysis revealed that they strongly expressed the inducible type of NO synthase (NOS II) and exhibited the activity to catalyze tyrosine phosphorylation of various proteins including a 115 kDa protein (cbl product). OPMN also generated H2O2 and .OH by some superoxide dismutase (SOD)-sensitive mechanism and released myeloperoxidase (MPO). Kinetic analysis using specific inhibitors revealed that OCl- generated by OPMN was predominantly responsible for the enhanced LCL. During the incubation under standard culture conditions, OPMN underwent apoptosis which proceeded more rapidly than that of the circulating PMN (CPMN). Immunochemical analysis revealed that expression of apoptosis-related gene products, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bax, was below detectable levels with both cell types. However, caspase-3 but not caspase-1 was markedly activated in OPMN. These results indicate that the primed OPMN spontaneously generate ROS and play an important role in the defense mechanism in the oral cavity and that the generated ROS activate caspase-3 thereby inducing apoptosis of the cells.