gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization techniques and inverse problems: Reconstruction of conductivity profiles in the time domain (1982)

The iterative probing of an inhomogeneous lossy dielectric slab, whose conductivity is unknown, is discussed. The probing is done in the time domain from the measurements of the field on the interface when this slab is illuminated by a known field. An exact integral formulation is used. Minimization of a cost function, characteristic of the discrepancy between the measured field and the field which would be scattered by a known slab, is specified by the optimization theory. The notion of the adjoint state of the field is introduced. The influence of some parameters of this minimization is studied. Great importance is given to the sensitivity of the probing as function of the amplitude of errors in the data. Such an iterative probing appears fast, accurate, and efficient, even in the case of large errors.
The guiding of plane polarized light by twisted liquid crystal layers (1985)

ABSTRACTThe propagation of plane polarized light through a twisted birefringent layer is considered, particular attention being paid to the limit in which the pitch of the twist is much greater than its thickness.
Low latency low loss streaming using in-network coding and caching (2017)

Owing to the rapid growth in high-quality video streaming over the Internet, preserving high-level robustness against data loss and low latency, while maintaining higher data transmission rates, is becoming an increasingly important issue for high-quality real-time delay-sensitive streaming. In this paper, we propose a low latency, low loss streaming mechanism, L4C2, specialized for high-quality delay-sensitive streaming. With L4C2, nodes in the network estimate the acceptable delay and packet loss probability in their uplinks, aiming at retrieving lost data packets from in-network cache and/or coded data packets using in-network coding within an acceptable delay, by extending the Content-Centric Networking (CCN) approach. Further, L4C2 naturally provides multiple paths and multicast technologies to efficiently utilize network resources while sharing network resources fairly with competing data flows by adjusting the video quality when necessary. We validate through comprehensive simulations that L4C2 achieves a high success probability of data transmission considering the acceptable one-way delay, and higher QoE while suppressing the interest and redundant data traffic than the proposed multipath congestion control mechanism in CCN.
Amplification and expression of foreign genes in cells producing polyoma virus large T-antigen. (1987)

Polyoma virus (Py) large T-Antigen (LT) can promote the amplification of viral genomes integrated in the chromosomal DNA of rat fibroblasts, and this phenomenon requires the interaction of the LT protein with the viral origin of DNA replication. To compare the rate and the modality of selectable amplification events promoted by the Py LT with cellular-driven events, we constructed a double expression vector containing a murine dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) cDNA and the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene controlled by the viral regulatory region. The plasmid was introduced into a rat cell line constitutively producing a temperature sensitive LT (cl 2), and clones were selected in low concentration of methotrexate (MTX). Three cl 2 transformants and one control cell line lacking LT were propagated at temperatures permissive (33 degrees C) and non permissive (39 degrees C) for LT function and, subsequently, challenged in one step with high MTX dosage at 39 degrees C. While the control line produced the same number of colonies irrespective of the temperature of propagation, the three LT positive lines yielded between 2 and greater than 100 times more colonies following propagation at permissive temperature, indicating that the presence of Py LT considerably increased the rate of amplification of integrated sequences linked to the viral origin of replication. In all cases the amplification event involved the exogenous and not the endogenous dhfr gene, and overexpression of the cat gene occurred as a result of co-amplification with the selectable dhfr sequences. Analysis of the structure of the amplified domain in the various resistant derivatives revealed that, in the presence of the viral protein, amplification occurred within the boundaries of the primary plasmid insert. In the absence of a functional LT protein, amplification both internal or involving adjacent host DNA were observed.
Producing Mississippi's Deep, High-Pressure Sour Gas (1976)

Introduction Shell Oil Co. has three deep, sour gas fields located about 20 miles southeast of Jackson, Miss. The wells in these fields are completed in the Smackover formation of (Jurassic age) between 19,700 and 22,250 ft; bottom-hole pressures range from 17,500 psi at the Southwest Piney Woods field. Bottom-hole temperatures range from 365 to 385F. The well fluids consists of 27 - to 16 percent H2S, 3-to 9-percent CO2, 45- to 65-percent methane, and no condensate. This gas is saturated with water at bottom-hole conditions, and each well appears to produce small amounts of salt based on the chloride content of the produced water. Water production is about 8 to 10 bbl per million cubic feet of gas. Sour gas (hydrogen sulfide) in very low aqueous concentrations can cause failure of some metals, but it can be safely contained with conventional oilfield tubulars such as C-75 and J-55 grades at moderate pressures. Likewise, high pressure (greater than pressures. Likewise, high pressure (greater than 10,000 psi) sweet gas has been safely handled with conventional P-grade tubulars. But combination of sour gas at very high pressures and temperatures cannot be safely contained with conventional tubulars; if CO2 and salt water are present the problem becomes acute. At the time of discovery of Thomasville field in 1969, sustained production of high-content H2S sour gas under conditions of very high pressure and temperature had not been proven or attempted beyond a short field test by Phillips Petroleum Co. in their Josephine "A" well in 1965. The 13,830-psi bottom-hole pressure encountered in this well was considerably below the 17,300 psi found at Thomasville. Testing of the Thomasville well revealed many technical problems that confirmed the need for high-strength tubulars resistant to stress corrosion cracking, high-pressure wellheads, environment-resistant seals, corrosion protection, and the prevention of sulfur plugging. plugging. Because of the toxicity of the produced gas, and the possibility of failure caused by stress corrosion cracking possibility of failure caused by stress corrosion cracking and weight-loss corrosion of metals, safety is the primary concern in the development of these deep, sour gas reserves. Detailed contingency plans are prepared for the entire complex and great care is taken the design, materials selection, and quality-control procedures. In preparing or executing a work plan, careful attention is preparing or executing a work plan, careful attention is given to all aspects of the operation and possible consequences are discussed in detail with all concerned, including service companies. Well Completion Practices 20,000-psi Systems A temporary completion was made in the Thomasville discovery well during March 1969 to permit production testing. The well tested at rates up to 10 MMcf/D of sour gas before completion-equipment failures resulted in temporary abandonment of the well. JPT p. 629
Relationship of Complement Resistance and Selected Virulence Factors in Pathogenic Avian Escherichia coli (1992)

Complement resistance, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence profiles of 80 Escherichia coli isolates from the intestines of normal chickens (40 isolates) and chickens diagnosed as having colisepticemia (40 isolates) were compared. Differences were observed between the two groups for antibiotic resistance, siderophore production, presence of type 1 pili, complement resistance, motility, and size of plasmids. The systemic isolates were more likely to have siderophores and type 1 pili, and to be complement-resistant and motile than were the intestinal isolates. No differences between the two groups were observed for colicin production. Further comparison of the 10 most complement-resistant isolates from the systemic group and 10 most complement-sensitive isolates from the intestinal group revealed a correlation between an isolate's resistance to complement and its ability to kill embryos, express type 1 pili, and be motile. Virulence of avian E. coli strains appears to be correlated with complement resistance and the interaction of this resistance with the ability to produce type 1 pili and be motile.
A simple and improved method for diagnosis of tuberculosis using hypertonic saline and sodium hydroxide to concentrate and decontaminate sputum (2008)

We report the use of hypertonic saline and sodium hydroxide (HS-SH) for concentration-decontamination of sputum samples for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This method increases detection of mycobacteria in smears compared to examination of direct smears, is comparable and reduces contamination in cultures compared to NALC-NaOH.
Design and realization of data acquiring system for vehicle speed sensor and gyroscope (2010)

Dead reckoning of car is widely used I positioning with vehicle speed sensor and gyroscope when the GPS signal is obstructed. Design and realization of dada acquiring system for vehicle speed sensor is introduced. The system is based on single chip processor ATMEGA8. Its hardware principle circuit and the software flow diagram were given. The different frequency pluses based on different speed was generated by vehicle speed sensor and send them into single chip processor to calculate and control. Signal from gyroscope was transmitted to ADC after once integrating. Then the voltage was sent to PC through serial bus. The measuring result proved validity and stability of the system. This electronic document is a "live" template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.
CLOUDS: A NEW PLAYGROUND FOR THE XTREEMOS GRID OPERATING SYSTEM (2009)

The emerging cloud computing model has recently gained a lot of interest both from commercial companies and from the research community. XtreemOS is a distributed operating system for large-scale wide-area dynamic infrastructures spanning multiple administrative domains. XtreemOS, which is based on the Linux operating system, has been designed as a Grid operating system providing native support for virtual organizations. In this paper, we discuss the positioning of XtreemOS technologies with regard to cloud computing. More specifically, we investigate a scenario where XtreemOS could help users take full advantage of clouds in a global environment including their own resources and cloud resources. We also discuss how the XtreemOS system could be used by cloud service providers to manage their underlying infrastructure. This study shows that the XtreemOS distributed operating system is a highly relevant technology in the new era of cloud computing where future clouds seamlessly span multiple bare hardware providers and where customers extend their IT infrastructure by provisioning resources from different cloud service providers.
Substrate recognition by the mammalian proton-dependent amino acid transporter PAT1 (2003)

The PAT family of proton-dependent amino acid transporters has recently been identified at the molecular level. This paper describes the structural requirements in substrates for their interaction with the cloned murine intestinal proton/amino acid cotransporter (PAT1). By using the Xenopus laevis oocytes as an expression system and by combining the two-electron voltage clamp technique with radiotracer flux studies, it was demonstrated that the aliphatic side chain of L-alpha-amino acids substrates can consist maximally of only one CH2-unit for high affinity interaction with PAT1. With respect to the maximal separation between the amino and carboxyl groups, only two CH2-units, as in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are tolerated. PAT1 displays no or even a reversed stereoselectivity, tolerating serine and cystein only in the form of D-enantiomers. A methyl-substitution of the carboxyl group (e.g. O-methyl-glycine) markedly diminishes substrate affinity and transport rates, whereas methyl-substitutions at the amino group (e.g. sarcosine or betaine) have only minor effects on substrate interaction with the transporter binding site. Furthermore, it has been shown (by kinetic analyses of radiolabelled betaine influx and inhibition studies) that the endogenous PAT system of human Caco-2 cells has very similar transport characteristics to mouse PAT1. In summary, one has defined the structural requirements and limitations thet determine the substrate specificity of PAT1. A critical recognition criterion of PAT1 is the backbone charge separation distance and the side chain size, whereas substitutions on the amino group are well tolerated.
Cloning and characterization of the Escherichia coli gene coding for alkaline phosphatase (1981)

The Escherichia coli structural gene for alkaline phosphatase, phoA, and a promoter-like mutant of phoA, called pho-1003(Bin) phoA+, were cloned by using plasmid vectors. Initially, these genes were cloned on deoxyribonucleic acid fragments of 28.9 kilobases (kb). Subsequently, they were subcloned on fragments and 4.8 and then 2.7 kilobases. A restriction map was developed, and phoA was localized to a 1.7-kb region. The promoter end of the gene was inferred by its proximity to another gene cloned on the same deoxyribonucleic acid fragment, proC. The stability of the largest plasmid (33.3 kb) was found to be recA dependent, although the subcloned plasmids were stable in a recA+ strain. Synthesis of alkaline phosphatase directed by the phoA+ and pho-1003(Bin) phoA+ plasmids in a phoA deletion strain was assayed under repressing and derepressing levels of phosphate. These data were compared with the copy numbers of the plasmids. It was found that synthesis of alkaline phosphatase was tightly regulated, even under derepressing conditions: a copy number of 17 enabled cells to synthesize only about twofold more enzyme than did cells with 1 chromosomal copy of phoA+. Enzyme levels were also compared for cells containing pho-1003(Bin) phoA+ and phoA+.
Microstructure of Platinum-Carbon Agglomerates with Hydrocarbon-Based Binder and Its Effect on the Cathode Performance of PEFC (2011)

The relationship between the microstructure of platinum-carbon (Pt/C) agglomerates and cathode performance was investigated for membrane-electrode-assemblies (MEAs) with a hydrocarbon-based (HC) binder and a poly (perfluorosulfonic acid) (PFSA) binder. The MEA with an HC binder exhibited a higher gas diffusion resistance than that with the PFSA binder. SEM, TEM, and pore size distribution measurements showed that the HC binder was likely to cover a larger area of the carbon support surface compared with the PFSA binder, and that a large amount of the HC binder easily penetrated the primary pores inside the Pt/C agglomerates, which decreased the volume of the pores. It seems probable that the HC binder in the primary pores blocked the oxygen diffusion to the cathode catalyst. Based on the above consideration, we focused on increasing the primary pore volume. Consequently, the volume was doubled and the gas diffusion resistance at 0.25 A/cm2 was successfully reduced from 1600 to 410 mΩ·cm2.
Current Situation and Perspectives of Single Electron Transfer Living Radical Polymerization (2011)

In this paper, we mainly discussed the involved mechanism in single electron transfer living radical polymerization. The types of catalysts, ligands, solvents as well as monomers suitable for such kinds of polymerizations have been also addressed in detail. In addition, the perspectives of this single electron transfer living radical polymerization was highlighted.
An automated instrument for human STR identification: Design, characterization, and experimental validation (2010)

The microfluidic integration of an entire DNA analysis workflow on a fully integrated miniaturized instrument is reported using lab-on-a-chip automation to perform DNA fingerprinting compatible with CODIS standard relevant to the forensic community. The instrument aims to improve the cost, duration, and ease of use to perform a "sample-to-profile" analysis with no need for human intervention. The present publication describes the operation of the three major components of the system: the electronic control components, the microfluidic cartridge and CE microchip, and the optical excitation/detection module. Experimental details are given to characterize the level of performance, stability, reliability, accuracy, and sensitivity of the prototype system. A typical temperature profile from a PCR amplification process and an electropherogram of a commercial size standard (GeneScan 500™, Applied Biosystems) separation are shown to assess the relevance of the instrument to forensic applications. Finally, we present a profile from an automated integrated run where lysed cells from a buccal swab were introduced in the system and no further human intervention was required to complete the analysis.
Cytosolic expression of SecA2 is a prerequisite for long-term protective immunity (2007)

Induction of efficient adaptive T cell-mediated immunity against the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes requires its successful invasion of host cell cytosol. However, it is not clear whether its cytosolic escape and growth are sufficient to induce T cell-mediated clearance and protection upon secondary infection. To investigate this issue, we have searched for mutants that do not induce long-term protective immunity yet invade the cytosol of infected cells. We found that mice immunized with L. monocytogenes lacking the SecA2 ATPase, an auxiliary protein secretion system present in several Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, mounted a robust cytolytic IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cell response but were not protected against a secondary challenge with wild-type (wt) bacteria. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells from mice immunized with secA2- bacteria failed to transfer protection when injected into recipient mice demonstrating that they were unable to confer protection. Also, secA2- and wt L. monocytogenes spread to the same myeloid-derived cell types in vivo and SecA2 deficiency does not interfere with intracytosolic bacteria multiplication. Therefore, cytosol invasion is not sufficient for inducing secondary protective responses and induction of memory CD8+ T cells mediating long-term antibacterial protective immunity is dependent upon SecA2 expression inside the cytosol of host cells in vivo.
Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules Produced by Reference and Emerging Soft-Rot Bacteria (Dickeya and Pectobacterium spp.) (2012)

Despite sharing the S-adenosylmethionine precursor, no strong link was detected between the production kinetics or metabolic pathways of autoinducers-1 and -2. In contrast, the signaling pathway of autoinducer-2 seems to be switched off by the indole-3-acetic acid pathway under tryptophan control. It therefore appears that the two genera of soft-rot bacteria have similarities but also differences in the mechanisms of communication via the diffusible molecules. Our results designate autoinducer-1 lactones as the main targets for a global biocontrol of soft-rot bacteria communications, including those of emerging isolates.
Disputas Y Adaptaciones En Torno Al Uso De Los Recursos En La Reserva De La Biosfera “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz (México) (2015)

Resumen:Entre 1982 y el año 2000 el Estado mexicano estableció un importante dispositivo institucional que incluyó la elaboración de leyes y la creación de dependencias gubernamentales con la finalidad de proteger el medio ambiente y fomentar el desarrollo local y regional. El Estado adquirió así un papel relevante en el establecimiento de una nueva gobernanza con relación al uso de los recursos naturales, pero ¿cuál ha sido el papel que las poblaciones locales han jugado en la construcción de la actual gobernanza ambiental?, ¿y cuáles han sido los mecanismos utilizados para impugnar o aprovechar la normatividad ambiental estatal? Este artículo busca responder a estas preguntas a partir de tres estudios de caso realizados en un área natural protegida al sur de México, con la intención de develar cómo en la práctica se adoptan, reformulan, o evaden las políticas de conservación. Palabras clave: recursos naturales, áreas naturales protegidas, normatividad estatal, respuestas locales. ***Abstract:Between 1982 and 2000 the mexican state created an important legal and administrative structure for the environmental protection as well as the local and regional development. In this way, the state acquired a relevant rol in the creation of a new governance related to the use and management of natural resources, but ¿which has been the rol that local people has played in the construction of this governance ?, and ¿what mecahisms the people has used for contest or take advantage of the institutions and laws related wiht the environmental matter. This article examines these questions in relation to three case studies carried out in The Biosphere Reserve « Los Tuxtlas », in the souht of Mexico.Key Words: natural resources, protected natural areas, state environmental regulations, local answers.***Resumo:Entre 1982 e o ano de 2000 o Estado mexicano estabeleceu um importante dispositivo institucional que incluiu a elaboração de leis e a criação de dependências governamentais com a finalidade de proteger o meio ambiente e fomentar o desenvolvimento local e regional. O Estado adquiriu assim um papel relevante no estabelecimento de uma nova governança com relação ao uso dos recursos naturais, mas qual tem sido o papel que as populações locais tiveram na construção da atual governança ambiental ? E quais tem sido os mecanismos utilizados para impugnar ou aproveitar a normatividade ambiental estatal? Este artigo busca responder a estas preguntas a partir de três estudos de caso realizados em uma área natural protegida no sul do México, com intenção de revelar como se adotam, reformulam, ou evadem as políticas de conservação na prática.Palavras-chave: recursos naturais, unidades de conservação natural, regulamentos ambientais do estado, respostas locais.