gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breakdown formation in a transient hollow cathode discharge-a statistical study (1995)

Discharge formation at low pressure is found to be greatly influenced in the presence of a suitable hollow cathode region. The formation of a moving virtual anode which extends the anode potential to within the hollow cathode region is thought to be responsible for the enhanced ionization growth which subsequently leads to gas breakdown. In this paper, the spatial evolution of the local potential in the discharge region of a pulsed hollow cathode discharge has been measured in a range of pressures with two different cathode apertures. An extensive data set has been collected and analyzed using a statistical technique. From the characteristic of the statistical distribution of the data, unique features associated with the role of hollow cathode at the different stages of discharge formation have been identified. It was found that the influence of the hollow cathode region is strongest in the start of ionization growth and in the final change over to high current breakdown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DETERMINATION OF STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCES (1997)

This report describes the development of recommended revisions to the stopping sight distance (SSD) design policy that appears in portions of Chapters II and III of the 1994 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) publication, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (referred to as the Green Book). It also proposes modifications to other sections of the Green Book that currently reference stopping sight distance. The contents of this report are, therefore, of immediate interest to highway designers; highway operations, capacity, and traffic control personnel; and others concerned with highway safety. The report's conclusions are derived from field observations of driver performance, driver visual capacity, driver eye heights, and vehicle heights, as well as safety and operational studies.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of naturally occurring substances. 61. The C(15) configuration of naturally occurring pimarene-15,16-diols (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of naturally occurring substances. 61. The C(15) configuration of naturally occurring pimarene-15,16-diolsErnest Wenkert, Paolo Ceccherelli, Muppala S. Raju, Judith Polonsky, and Marco TingoliCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 1, 146–148Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01315a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01315a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Risk containment during cardiopulmonary bypass. (1990)

It is evident that positive attitudes towards patient care are the cornerstone of risk containment during CPB. Positive attitudes are shaped by education and training, including continuing education. Mutual respect among team members can foster positive attitudes that are manifested in an orderly, quiet operating room, with those present always mindful of the patient's welfare. Vigilance is the key in preventing complacency during CPB procedures that have now become routine. Collins writes that the best airplane pilots develop a curious and suspicious attitude in the cockpit and, again, the applicability of the aviation and perfusion analogy is apparent. Monitors, standards, protocols, and safety devices can never fully replace vigilance in overcoming human frailty or error. Vigilance has been defined as "a state of clinical awareness whereby dangerous conditions are anticipated or recognized and promptly treated." Stoelting further writes that levels of vigilance may be reduced by extraneous distractions, fatigue, and stress. Gaba et al have studied anesthetic mishaps in the context of accident investigations in unrelated fields and have suggested two responsibilities in breaking the chain of accident evolution. The first is to scrutinize our own abilities and limitations ... and implement the procedures and training that can be shown to optimize patient safety, and second ... to reexamine the entire structure of our industry, attempting to steer the interacting sources of incentive and constraint towards a system that promotes patient safety. Guides to acceptability of risk include the twin tenets of reasonableness and custom of usage, prevailing professional practice, the best available practice, and the degree of necessity or benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fast neutron beam radiotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme (1976)

<p>For something to be “avant-garde” it has to be more than an outré work in one medium or another. An avant-garde is an <em>aesthetics of organization</em>. It brings together artists in different media around some contested but more or less agreed impulse. An avant-garde touches all aspects of life and proposes a <em>revolution of everyday life</em> along <em>aesthetic</em> lines.</p>\n<p><strong>Editorial: A Hacker Manifesto, Twenty Years On</strong><br />\nMcKenzie Wark</p>\n<p><strong>The Unauthorized Repair of the World</strong><br />\nYifan Wang and Changwen Chen</p>\n<p><strong>Daylighting Cryptocurrency’s Waterstreams</strong><br />\nIsabel Ling</p>\n<p><strong>Life in Fifteen Gigabytes</strong><br />\nBami Oke</p>\n<p><strong>Pussy Capital</strong><br />\nLiara Roux</p>\n<p><strong>A Hacked Manifesto</strong><br />\nChelsea Thompto</p>\n<p><strong>The Hacker Class Is Dead, Long Live the Hackers!</strong><br />\nFrancisco Nunes</p>\n<p><strong>Vectors Mutate</strong><br />\nValérian Guillier</p>\n<p><strong>Towards a Transsexual Understanding of Nature</strong><br />\nLuce deLire</p>\n<p><strong>Hacker Theory</strong><br />\nHugh Davies</p>\n<p><strong>The Hacking of Culture and the Creation of Socio-Technical Debt</strong><br />\nKim Córdova and Bruce Schneier</p>\n<p><strong>After Doomscroll: A Conversation with Chelsea Manning</strong><br />\nJanus Rose</p>\n
2A-4 Enhancement of Bone Surface Visualization from 3D Ultrasound Based on Local Phase Information (2006)

Identification and localization of bone surfaces in ultrasound (US) images is an essential step in US-based image guided orthopedic procedures. However, US images often depict bones poorly compared to other medical imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR), because of speckle, reverberation, shadowing and other artifacts. As a result, accurate, robust and automatic localization of bone in US images remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose the use of phase congruency, a feature invariant to changes in image brightness or contrast, to enhance bone surface localization and visualization in 3D US images. The potential of the method is demonstrated through experiments in vitro and in vivo, with the results compared to conventional gradient- and edge-based bone localization approaches. These preliminary results show good performance of the proposed technique, suggesting it has promise in a clinical setting
PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE FOR THE DETECTION OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IN ULTRA-LOW RESOURCE ENVIRONMENTS. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
The effect of dendronisation of arylamine centred chromophores on field effect transistor performance (2010)

We report the design and synthesis of new dendronised hole transport materials and their first use in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) as solution processed amorphous channels. The dendrimers were comprised of a triphenylamine centre, core chromophores containing one or two thiophene units per arm, and first generation biphenyl dendrons with 2-ethylhexyloxy surface groups attached. The dendronised materials were found to be more easily processed than their non-dendronised equivalents. Top contact OFETS were fabricated and found to have hole mobilities in the saturated regime of 1.7 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 1.1 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for dendrimers with one and two thiophene units in each arm of the chromophore, respectively. The devices had threshold voltages of around 10 V and ON/OFF ratios in the range 102 to 103. The OFET results demonstrate that for amorphous films it is important that the chromophore is as large as possible to allow for maximal intermolecular interactions.
CHOP (GADD153) and its oncogenic variant, TLS-CHOP, have opposing effects on the induction of G1/S arrest. (1994)

The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene CHOP (GADD153) encodes a small nuclear protein from the C/EBP family, originally isolated from adipocytes in culture. Although inactive in cells under normal conditions, the CHOP gene is markedly induced by a variety of cellular stresses, including nutrient deprivation and metabolic perturbations. These lead to accumulation of CHOP protein in the nucleus. Because cellular stress normally leads to growth arrest, we examined the implication of CHOP in this process. Microinjection of CHOP expression plasmids into NIH-3T3 cells blocked the cells from progressing through the cell cycle, measured by an attenuation in the fraction of cells incorporating BrdU, an S-phase marker. The precise point in the cell cycle at which CHOP acts was mapped by microinjection of bacterially expressed CHOP protein into synchronized cells--this blocked the cells from progressing from G1 to S phase. This effect of CHOP was observed only when the protein was introduced early after serum stimulation suggesting that CHOP works at or around the so-called G1/S checkpoint. CHOP dimerizes with other C/EBP proteins and the CHOP-C/EBP dimers are directed away from "classical" C/EBP sites recognizing instead unique "nonclassical" sites. Mutant forms of the CHOP protein that lack the leucine zipper dimerization domain or the unusually structured basic region, potentially involved in DNA binding, fail to induce growth arrest. A tumor-specific form of CHOP, TLS-CHOP, that has been found so far exclusively in the human adipose tissue tumor myxoid liposarcoma, fails to cause growth arrest and furthermore interferes with the ability of normal CHOP to induce growth arrest. CHOP has been shown recently to be markedly inducible by nutritional deprivation of cells. This suggests that CHOP may play a role in an inducible growth arrest pathway that is triggered by metabolic cues and is of particular importance in adipose tissue--an organ that undergoes marked changes in its metabolic activity. Blocking of this pathway by TLS-CHOP may play a mechanistic role in the establishment of myxoid liposarcoma.
A comparative analysis of multi-dimensional indexing structures for "eigenimages" (2009)

Content-based retrieval in image management systems requires indexing of image feature vectors. Most feature vectors have a high number of dimensions (>20). This makes indexing difficult since most existing multi-dimensional , indexing structures grow exponentially in size as dimensions increase. We approach this problem in three stages: i) reduce the dimensionality of the feature space, ii) evaluate existing multi-dimensional indexing structures to determine which can best organize the new feature space, and iii) customize one of the selected structures to improve search performance. To reduce the dimensionality of the feature space without losing much information we apply a statistical technique called Principal Component Analysis (PCA), using Turk and Pentland's eigenfaces approach. We then conduct a comparative analysis of a wide range of existing multi-dimensional indexing structures (quad trees, KD-trees, R-trees, gridfile, and multipaging), selecting three of them (bucket adaptive KD-tree, gridfile, R-tree) for further empirical comparisons. Tests show that the bucket adaptive KD-tree uses the least storage and peforms the best during search. Finally, we customize the bucket adaptive KD-tree by implementing techniques that take advantage of the characteristics of the transformed space — namely ranked dimensions by decreasing variance and known dynamic ranges. This prunes the search space and results in very efficient searches. The number of page accesses are reduced significantly, some times leading to savings as high as 70%.
Novel Catalatic Proteins of Bakers' Yeast. I. An Atypical Catalase (1973)

At any stage of growth of a wild-type bakers' yeast, some 20% of the catalatic activity of crude extracts is not precipitable by means of antibody prepared against the typical catalase (catalase T), whose purification and properties have been previously described. Some of this catalatic activity is due to the presence of an atypical catalase (catalase A), a heme protein, with a molecular weight estimated as 170 000 – 190 000, considerably lower than that of the usual catalases (225 000 – 250 000). Preparations of catalase A were found to be homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge and in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its subunit molecular weight, determined from its iron content, was 46 500, virtually the same as that of the major band obtained in gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that the native protein is tetrameric. Its specific activity is in the range of those reported for other typical catalases.
Preparation and characterization of genistein containing poly(ethylene glycol) microparticles (2006)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate genistein‐containing microparticles with enhanced dissolution profile using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as polymer matrix. Genistein loaded microparticles were prepared by a solvent evaporation process and their surface, thermal, chemical, and dissolution properties were analyzed by microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, and USP dissolution apparatus II, respectively. The wettability index was also determined. Genistein exhibited an elongated crystal habit. However, the drug containing PEG microparticles were discrete and quasispherical. The ATR‐FTIR studies performed on the formulation suggested hydrogen bonding between the drug and the polymer matrix. Thermal analysis indicated a conversion of the crystalline form of the drug to an amorphous form. Genistein, exhibiting low solubility and high permeability, is a Class II drug of the Biopharmaceutical Classification Scheme. However, there was a ∼9‐fold increase in the rate of dissolution of genistein in the case of all formulations as compared to native genistein. This study showed that genistein could be effectively encapsulated into PEG microparticles using an emulsion‐solvent evaporation technique, therefore avoiding the potential disadvantages of other solid dispersion techniques. This approach provided a significant enhancement in the drug dissolution profile. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2070–2078, 2006
Surveylance: Automatically Detecting Online Survey Scams (2018)

Online surveys are a popular mechanism for performing market research in exchange for monetary compensation. Unfortunately, fraudulent survey websites are similarly rising in popularity among cyber-criminals as a means for executing social engineering attacks. In addition to the sizable population of users that participate in online surveys as a secondary revenue stream, unsuspecting users who search the web for free content or access codes to commercial software can also be exposed to survey scams. This occurs through redirection to websites that ask the user to complete a survey in order to receive the promised content or a reward. In this paper, we present SURVEYLANCE, the first system that automatically identifies survey scams using machine learning techniques. Our evaluation demonstrates that SURVEYLANCE works well in practice by identifying 8,623 unique websites involved in online survey attacks. We show that SURVEYLANCE is suitable for assisting human analysts in survey scam detection at scale. Our work also provides the first systematic analysis of the survey scam ecosystem by investigating the capabilities of these services, mapping all the parties involved in the ecosystem, and quantifying the consequences to users that are exposed to these services. Our analysis reveals that a large number of survey scams are easily reachable through the Alexa top 30K websites, and expose users to a wide range of security issues including identity fraud, deceptive advertisements, potentially unwanted programs (PUPs), malicious extensions, and malware.
The tympano‐frontal shunt: A procedure for the treatment of chronic eustachian tube insufficiency. (1975)

Eight ears with complications due to chronic eustachian tube insufficiency had insertion of a silicone rubber tympano-frontal shunt tube between the mastoid antrum and the ipsilateral frontal sinus. A one-way valve designed to open at -10 mm H20 was placed on the tympanic end of the tube to minimize tube obstruction by ear secretions. Follow-up an average of 20 months post insertion showed six of the eight ears to have an aerated middle ear without fluid or tympanic membrane retraction or perforation.
Farnesoid X Receptor:  From Structure to Potential Clinical Applications (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTFarnesoid X Receptor: From Structure to Potential Clinical ApplicationsRoberto Pellicciari, Gabriele Costantino, and Stefano FiorucciView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, I-06122 Perugia, Italy Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 17, 5383–5403Publication Date (Web):August 2, 2005Publication History Received20 April 2005Published online2 August 2005Published inissue 1 August 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0582221https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0582221review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2144Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Cholesterol,Ligands,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Actidione, an Antibiotic from Streptomyces Griseus<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActidione, an Antibiotic from Streptomyces Griseus1Jared H. Ford and Byron E. LeachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1223–1225Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a105https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a105research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
XPath lookup queries in P2P networks (2004)

We address the problem of querying XML data over a P2P network. In P2P networks, the allowed kinds of queries are usually exact-match queries over file names. We discuss the extensions needed to deal with XML data and XPath queries. A single peer can hold a whole document or a partial/complete fragment of the latter. Each XML fragment/document is identified by a distinct path expression, which is encoded in a distributed hash table. Our framework differs from content-based routing mechanisms, biased towards finding the most relevant peers holding the data. We perform fragments placement and enable fragments lookup by solely exploiting few path expressions stored on each peer. By taking advantage of quasi-zero replication of global catalogs, our system supports fast full and partial XPath querying. To this purpose, we have extended the Chord simulator and performed an experimental evaluation of our approach.
Identification of a Highly Conserved Module in E Proteins Required for in Vivo Helix-loop-helix Dimerization (1998)

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors often function as heterodimeric complexes consisting of a tissue-specific factor such as SCL/tal or MyoD bound to a broadly expressed E protein. bHLH dimerization therefore appears to represent a key regulatory step in cell lineage determination and oncogenesis. Previous functional and structural studies have indicated that the well defined HLH domain is both necessary and sufficient for dimerization. Most of these studies, however, have employed in vitro systems for analysis of HLH dimerization, and their implications for the requirements for in vivo dimerization remain unclear. Using multiple approaches, we have analyzed bHLH dimerization in intact, living cells and have identified a novel domain in E proteins, domain C, which is required for in vivo dimerization. Domain C, which lies just carboxyl-terminal to helix 2 of the HLH domain, represents the most highly conserved region within E proteins and appears to influence the in vivo conformation of the adjacent HLH domain. These results suggest that HLH dimerization in vivo may represent a complex, regulated process that is distinct from HLH dimerization in vitro.