gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis and proliferation as predictors of chemotherapy response in patients with breast carcinoma (2000)

BACKGROUND Laboratory evidence suggests that many anticancer agents exert their effect by altering the ratio between apoptosis and cellular proliferation. The objective of this clinical study was to examine in vivo changes in apoptotic index (AI), Bcl-2 expression, proliferation (Ki-67 and S-phase fraction [SPF]), and ploidy as potential indicators of chemoresponsiveness. METHODS Twenty-eight women with primary operable breast carcinoma received 2M (mitoxantrone 11 mg/m2, methotrexate 35 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) for 4 cycles before surgery/radiotherapy, and an additional 2 cycles were given after surgery. Clinical response was assessed after four cycles of treatment according to World Health Organization criteria. Changes in molecular markers were assessed from biopsies obtained by fine-needle aspiration performed before treatment, repeated after 24 and/or 72 hours (T1), and on Days 7 and 21 after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess SPF, ploidy, and AI (in situ DNA nick end labeling assay) whereas Ki-67 and Bcl-2 were evaluated by immunocytochemical analysis. RESULTS The overall response rate was 61% (17 of 28 patients), with a 14% (4 of 28 patients) complete response rate. Patients with diploid carcinomas (P = 0.04) with high Ki-67 (P = 0.0001) and SPF (P = 0.09) were more likely to respond to treatment. Median AI increased by 3.4% with interquartile (IQ) range of 3.2 in responders, compared with only −0.1% (IQ range, 2.2) in nonresponders at T1 (P = 0.03). Median Ki-67 decreased by −12.0% (IQ range, 22.9) in responders and increased by 18.5% (IQ range, 15.1) in nonresponders on Day 21 (P = 0.003). Median Bcl-2 scores increased by 1.0 (IQ range, 4.0) in responders and were unchanged at 0.0 (IQ range, 0.5) in nonresponders (P = 0.08). Changes in SPF or ploidy were not significantly predictive of response. CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary study support evidence that chemotherapy may increase apoptosis, decrease Ki-67, and increase Bcl-2 expression in primary breast carcinomas that subsequently respond to therapy. Methodology allowing morphological confirmation of apoptosis would be advantageous. Cancer 2000;89:2145–52. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Multistage Carcinogenesis: Population-Based Model for Colon Cancer (1992)

A mutation at the FAP locus may not be a rate-limiting step but may act indirectly by stimulating the proliferation of stem cells. Thus, the development of colon cancer in patients with FAP does not appear to fit the retinoblastoma paradigm.
Interface for Barge-in Free Spoken Dialogue System Based on Sound Field Reproduction and Microphone Array (2007)

A barge-in free spoken dialogue interface using sound field control and microphone array is proposed. In the conventional spoken dialogue system using an acoustic echo canceller, it is indispensable to estimate a room transfer function, especially when the transfer function is changed by various interferences. However, the estimation is difficult when the user and the system speak simultaneously. To resolve the problem, we propose a sound field control technique to prevent the response sound from being observed. Combined with a microphone array, the proposed method can achieve high elimination performance with no adaptive process. The efficacy of the proposed interface is ascertained in the experiments on the basis of sound elimination and speech recognition.
Oil Content and Fatty Acids Composition in<i>Brassica</i>Species (2015)

Seeds of 20 accessions of six Brassica species including cultivated and five wild relatives were analyzed for oil and fatty acid composition. The results showed that oil content varied from 21 (B. nigra) to 46% (B. napus). Among wild species, B. rapa and B. oleracea had highest oil content (31 and 28%, respectively). The main fatty acids of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, erucic, palmitic, and stearic acids accounted for 89–94% of the total fatty acids in all species. Cultivated species of B. napus had highest oleic acid (61%) and lowest erucic acid (1%) content compared to other studied species. Brassica rapa and B. oleracea had the highest content of erucic acid (41 and 46%, respectively). The highest content of linolenic (20%) and linoleic (19%) acid was observed for B. juncea. The results showed that there was high genetic variation among the studied species for oil content and fatty acids composition. This indicates that seed oil of these species is possibly suitable for both human consumption and industrial purposes.
Optimization techniques for improving the preventive maintenance on power transformers (2012)

Power transformers are the most expensive and important equipments in power stations. Therefore, their safe operation and life extension are dominant targets for electricity suppliers. By promoting modern techniques and modern equipments of monitoring and diagnosing the transformers degradation can be monitored over time. Fault identification allows to prevent serious events and consequently to minimize the electricity outages and repairing costs. This paper gives basic instructions and presents objective functions regarding preventive maintenance optimization.
Non-deterministic stochastic language models for speech recognition (2002)

Traditional stochastic language models for speech recognition (i.e. n-grams) are deterministic, in the sense that there is one and only one derivation for each given sentence. Moreover a fixed temporal window is always assumed in the estimation of the traditional stochastic language models. This paper shows how non-determinism is introduced to effectively approximate a back-off n-gram language model through a finite state network formalism. It also shows that a new flexible and powerful network formalization can be obtained by releasing the assumption of a fixed history size. As a result, a class of automata for language modeling (variable n-gram stochastic automata) is obtained, for which we propose some methods for the estimation of the transition probabilities. VNSAs have been used in a spontaneous speech recognizer for the ATIS task. The accuracy on a standard test set is presented.
Biological conversion of carbon monoxide: rich syngas or waste gases to bioethanol (2011)

Abstract Bioconversion of syngas/waste gas components to produce ethanol appears to be a promising alternative compared to the existing chemical techniques. Recently, several laboratory‐scale studies have demonstrated the use of acetogens that have the ability to convert various syngas components (CO, CO 2 , and H 2 ) to multicarbon compounds, such as acetate, butyrate, butanol, lactate, and ethanol, in which ethanol is often produced as a minor end‐product. This bioconversion process has several advantages, such as its high specificity, the fact that it does not require a highly specific H 2 /CO ratio, and that biocatalysts are less susceptible to metal poisoning. Furthermore, this process occurs under mild temperature and pressure and does not require any costly pre‐treatment of the feed gas or costly metal catalysts, making the process superior over the conventional chemical catalytic conversion process. The main challenge faced for commercializing this technology is the poor aqueous solubility of the gaseous substrates (mainly CO and H 2 ). In this paper, a critical review of CO‐rich gas fermentation to produce ethanol has been analyzed systematically and published results have been compared. Special emphasis has been given to understand the microbial aspects of the conversion process, by highlighting the role of different micro‐organisms used, pathways, and parameters affecting the bioconversion. An analysis of the process fundamentals of various bioreactors used for the biological conversion of CO‐rich gases, mainly syngas to ethanol, has been made and reported in this paper. Various challenges faced by the syngas fermentation process for commercialization and future research requirements are also discussed. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Successive approximation trellis-coded vector quantization for embedded coders (2003)

Embedded bit-plane-based and Trellis Coded Quantization-based (TCQ) methods are among the state-of-the-art for wavelet image coding. In the JPEG 2000 Verification Model, these two methods have been successfully combined in an Embedded TCQ Wavelet Coder. In it, TCQ is first applied to the coefficients and then its indexes are bit-plane encoded. In this paper, we propose a different philosophy of combining the aforementioned methods. Instead of encoding the TCQ indexes by bit-planes, we would apply TCQ to each bit-plane. However, since in scalar successive approximation processes, at every pass just a symbol from a two-valued source is transmitted (e.g. (+/spl delta/, -/spl delta/)), TCQ is not suitable for such scenario. We have circumvented this problem by using vector bit-planes. Each vector bit-plane can then be encoded using Trellis Coded Vector Quantization (TCVQ). Lattice-based codebooks were investigated and modified in order to yield efficient TCVQ schemes. Simulations have shown that the proposed method outperforms the Embedded Wavelet Vector Bit-plane encoder (SA-W-VQ). This indicates that such approach has the potential of increasing the coding performance of bit-plane-based methods.
Model Reduction of Neutral Linear and Nonlinear Time-Invariant Time-Delay Systems With Discrete and Distributed Delays (2015)

The problem of model reduction by moment matching for linear and nonlinear differential time-delay systems is studied. The class of models considered includes neutral differential time-delay systems with discrete-delays and distributed-delays. The description of moment is revisited by means of a Sylvester-like equation for linear time-delay systems and by means of the center manifold theory for nonlinear time-delay systems. In addition the moments at infinity are characterized for both linear and nonlinear time-delay systems. Parameterized families of models achieving moment matching are given. The parameters can be exploited to derive delay-free reduced order models or time-delay reduced order models with additional properties, e.g., interpolation at an arbitrary large number of points. Finally, the problem of obtaining a reduced order model of an unstable system is discussed and solved.
The proteasome subunit PSMA7 located on the 20q13 amplicon is overexpressed and associated with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (2008)

The proteasome subunit PSMA7 located on the 20q13 amplicon was found to be differentially expressed in colorectal cancer by semiquantitative RT-PCR. PSMA7 mRNA was overexpressed in 37.5% (12/32) colorectal cancer tissues while it was either of a low level or not expressed in matched normal mucosa. The aim of this study was to examine the PSMA7 protein expression in 62 colorectal cancer primary sites, 34 lymph node metastatic sites and 13 liver metastatic sites by immunohistochemistry and clarify the correlations of this expression with the clinicopathological parameters. PSMA7 high expression was detected in 38.8% (24/62) colorectal cancer primary sites, 52.9% (18/34) lymph node metastatic sites and 100% (13/13) liver metastatic sites but not in the normal colorectal tissues. The PSMA7 high expression was significantly correlated with liver metastasis (P=0.028). Survival was significantly lower in patients with a PSMA7 high expression than in those with a PSMA7 low expression (P=0.0012). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, the PSMA7 expression demonstrated an independent prognostic factor (P=0.004, relative risk 5.057; 95% confidence interval, 1.682-15.201). These results indicated that PSMA7 may play an important role in colorectal cancer progression and provide a unique target site for the development of therapeutic drugs. The evaluation of PSMA7 expression in primary colorectal cancer at the time of surgery may be a valuable tool for defining patients with a high risk of developing liver metastasis.
Polarimetric Glucose Sensing Using Brewster Reflection off of Eye Lens: Theoretical Analysis (2002)

An important task of in vivo polarimetric glucose sensing is to find an appropriate way to optically access the aqueous humor of the human eye. In this paper two different approaches are analyzed theoretically and applied to the eye model of Le Grand. First approach is the tangential path of Cote, et al. (G.L. Cot6, M.D. Fox, and R.B. Northrop: Noninvasive Optical Polarimetric Glucose Sensing Using a True Phase Measurement Technique. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 752-756, 1992.) and the second is a new scheme of this paper of applying Brewster reflection off the eye lens.
Analysis and Optimization of MPSoC Reliability (2006)

Advancements in technology enable integration of multiple devices on a single core, resulting in increased on chip power and temperature densities. Higher temperatures, in turn, present a significant challenge for reliability. In this work we propose a comprehensive framework for analyzing reliability of multi-core systems, considering permanent faults. We show that aggressive power management can have an impact on reliability due to temperature cycling. Our cycle-accurate simulation methodology shows fine-grained variations of device failure rates over short time scales, thus enabling workload analysis and scheduling to control the reliability impact. On the other hand, the statistical reliability simulator and optimizer give a view into the long time horizon reliability analysisâover system lifetime, and help us optimize a power management policy under reliability and performance constraints. We show that our optimization strategy can achieve large power savings while still meeting the reliability and performance constraints.
Improved optical properties of InAs quantum dots grown with an As2 source using molecular beam epitaxy (2006)

We demonstrate the effects of using an As2 source to fabricate self-organized InAs∕GaAs quantum dot (QD) structures. QDs grown with an As2 source have narrower photoluminescence (PL) linewidths and higher PL intensities than those grown with an As4 source at high growth rates. The density of QDs grown with an As2 source is smaller, and the dot size larger than those of QDs grown with an As4 source. The coalescence of QDs is reduced under an As2 source, resulting in improved optical properties. These results are thought to result from the difference in the surface migration of In atoms and the surface structures under As2 and As4 sources.
DHTML and CSS for the World Wide Web : Visual QuickStart Guide (2001)

From the Publisher:
Add dynamic interactivity to your Web site with DHTML and Cascading Style Sheets!

Targeted to designers and content creators, not just programmers.Visual, task-based format the ideal way to get up and running with DHTML.

This revised and expanded second edition is up-to-date on the current Web standards and browsers, and includes all new coverage of using DHTML to get information about the browser environment and adding multimedia to a site, as well as new basic and advanced dynamic techniques, such as making objects appear and disappear, moving objects in 3D, and adding dynamic content. This edition offers full cross-platform and cross-browser coverage. This book does not focus on the more complex aspects of DHTML, but focuses on practical examples of what really works with DHTML and CSS, making it useful for beginners just starting out with DHTML, as well as professional developers looking for a quick reference.
Secure Mobile Payment Systems (2014)

The last two decades have witnessed explosive growth in the emergence of various types of mobile computing technologies that have empowered users to access services anywhere, anytime, and from various types of portable devices. Technological advances such as low-cost, high-performance user devices (such as phones), high-speed cellular access, secure communication protocols, and the Internet have accelerated the design and deployment of mobile payment (m-payment) systems and applications, which have been gaining rapid acceptance in many parts of the world. Security is of paramount importance for all parties (users, merchants, banks, and so on) involved in m-payment systems and interactions. The authors discuss various security issues that need to be taken into account during the design and implementation of m-payment systems. They also review security solutions that are used to support end-to-end secure m-payment transactions. Finally, they highlight some of the future challenges and opportunities of m-payment systems as they become fully integrated with other emerging technologies such as fifth-generation mobile networks and cloud computing. This article is part of a special issue on mobile commerce.
Transforming Growth Factor- <i>beta</i> mRNA and Protein in Hypertrophic Scar Tissues and Fibroblasts: Antagonism by IFN- <i>alpha</i> and IFN- <i>gamma</i> <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2000)

Hypertrophic scarring (HSc) following burn injury is a common, disfiguring, and functionally limiting form of dermal fibrosis, compromising recovery. Previously, elevated levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a fibrogenic cytokine, were found in wounds and serum of severely injured patients, antagonized in part by treatment with systemic interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b) both in vitro and in vivo. It is hypothesized that in wound healing after injury, platelets are an initial source of TGF-beta, but wound fibroblasts may be capable, after activation, of autoamplification of the initial response to injury by increasing TGF-beta mRNA and protein that may subsequently be responsive to IFN therapy with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma or both. Using three pairs of site-matched HSc and normal fibroblasts from the same individuals, nonconfluent and near confluent fibroblasts were treated with TGF-beta, and cell proliferation and collagen production were assayed using cell counting and 18O2 isotopic uptake into hydroxyproline before analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). HSc and normal fibroblasts were assayed for the production of TGF-beta protein secretion using ELISA for TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 after acidification of medium samples from 96-h cultures. HSc and normal fibroblasts were treated with IFN-alpha2b or IFN-gamma or both for 96 h. Quantitative RT-PCR and Northern analysis were performed using newly synthesized internal standards for human TGF-beta1. TGF-beta stimulates both HSc and normal fibroblast proliferation. Collagen synthesis is greater in HSc than in normal fibroblasts and is maximally stimulated at 75 pM TGF-beta. TGF-beta stimulated collagen metabolism is antagonized by IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma or both in an additive fashion. HSc and normal fibroblasts not only possess the mRNA for TGF-beta1 but also secrete mature TGF-beta protein. Treatment of HSc and normal fibroblasts with IFN-alpha2b or IFN-gamma antagonizes TGF-beta protein production, and additive effects occur. RT-PCR demonstrates that after IFN treatment, downregulation of TGF-beta1 mRNA accounts in part for the reduction in protein secretion in HSc fibroblasts. Elevations of systemic TGF-beta may be due to wound fibroblasts. TGF-beta synthesis and antagonism of fibroblast TGF-beta protein secretion occurs with either IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma, in part by downregulation of TGF-beta1 mRNA levels.
Genetic alterations of SUGP1 mimic mutant-SF3B1 splice pattern in lung adenocarcinoma and other cancers (2020)

Genes involved in 3'-splice site recognition during mRNA splicing constitute an emerging class of oncogenes. SF3B1 is the most frequently mutated splicing factor in cancer, and SF3B1 mutants corrupt branchpoint recognition leading to usage of cryptic 3'-splice sites and subsequent aberrant junctions. For a comprehensive determination of alterations leading to this splicing pattern, we performed a pan-TCGA screening for SF3B1-specific aberrant acceptor usage. While the most of aberrant 3'-splice patterns were explained by SF3B1 mutations, we also detected nine SF3B1 wild-type tumors (including five lung adenocarcinomas). Genomic profile analysis of these tumors identified somatic mutations combined with loss-of-heterozygosity in the splicing factor SUGP1 in five of these cases. Modeling of SUGP1 loss and mutations in cell lines showed that both alterations induced mutant-SF3B1-like aberrant splicing. Our study provides definitive evidence that genetic alterations of SUGP1 genocopy SF3B1 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma and other cancers.
X chromosome inactivation and DNA methylation (1993)

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) renders one of the two X chromosomes in female mammalian cells heterochromatin-like and genetically silent. This chromosome-wide phenomenon has long been considered a paradigm for the study of the effect of heterochromatinization and DNA methylation on gene expression in mammals (for reviews see Gartler and Riggs, 1983; Grant and Chapman, 1988; Lyon, 1988; Riggs, 1990b; Riggs and Pfeifer, 1992). The inactivation process is usually considered to consist of three components — initiation, spreading and maintenance. A role for DNA methylation is possible for all three of these processes, but most available information is relevant only to maintenance.
Detection of turkey rhinotracheitis virus in turkeys using the polymerase chain reaction (1993)

Six-week-old turkey poults were infected with the virulent UK/3B/85 strain of TRTV. Tracheal and oesophageal swabs were made every 2 to 3 days from groups of five poults and the RNA extracted. The TRTV RNA was then reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using an oligonucleotide complementary to the 3' end of the fusion protein (F) mRNA. The cDNA was then used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with an upstream primer to generate a product of approximately 0.5 kbp which was detected by ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis. In this way, TRTV was detected in both types of swab for 17 to 19 days post-infection, nearly 2 weeks after the peak titres of infectious virus. Swabs which were allowed to dry completely before RNA extraction were as successful as swabs kept wet and extracted almost immediately, useful for when samples are collected in the field. The oligonucleotides amplified the 0.5 kbp product from TRTV strains isolated in six countries over a 13-year period, indicating that they might be usable as 'universal' oligonucleotides for TRTV detection.
An automatic caption-superimposing system with a new continuous speech recognizer (1994)

This paper describes an automatic caption-superimposing system with a new continuous speech recognizer for efficient production of TV programs. The system which we have developed can recognize continuous speech announced in a hall of Japanese 'sumo' wrestling and automatically superimpose the recognition results of wrestlers' names and winning tricks as captions on a TV display. The announcements consist of sentences to inform which wrestler has won a match with what kind of winning trick. They are formed out of small-sized vocabulary with a specific uttered style and are spoken nearly at a Japanese 'bunsetsu' unit like a phrase only by some specific speakers. We designed the system to work with the following features: (a) recognition of continuous speech with a specific uttered style; (b) an easy change of vocabulary to be recognized; (c) no requirement of pre-registration of any particular utterances; (d) implementation on multi-microprocessors with high computing speed. The proposed recognizer utilizes general intra-'bunsetsu' grammar which is applicable to various recognition tasks, while conventional Japanese continuous speech recognizers use intra-'bunsetsu' grammar which depends on applied recognition tasks. In a recognition experiment on 40 sentences of 'sumo' announcements by two speakers, the system attained 'bunsetsu' accuracy of 91.0% with quasi-real-time processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>