gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graph Neural Networks in Recommender Systems: A Survey (2020)

With the explosive growth of online information, recommender systems play a key role to alleviate such information overload. Due to the important application value of recommender systems, there have always been emerging works in this field. In recommender systems, the main challenge is to learn the effective user/item representations from their interactions and side information (if any). Recently, graph neural network (GNN) techniques have been widely utilized in recommender systems since most of the information in recommender systems essentially has graph structure and GNN has superiority in graph representation learning. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent research efforts on GNN-based recommender systems. Specifically, we provide a taxonomy of GNN-based recommendation models according to the types of information used and recommendation tasks. Moreover, we systematically analyze the challenges of applying GNN on different types of data and discuss how existing works in this field address these challenges. Furthermore, we state new perspectives pertaining to the development of this field. We collect the representative papers along with their open-source implementations in https://github.com/wusw14/GNN-in-RS.
DNA as an Adhesin: <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Requires Extracellular DNA To Form Biofilms (2009)

The soil saprophyte Bacillus cereus forms biofilms at solid-liquid interfaces. The composition of the extracellular polymeric matrix is not known, but biofilms of other bacteria are encased in polysaccharides, protein, and also extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Tn917 screen for strains impaired in biofilm formation at a solid-liquid interface yielded several mutants. Three mutants deficient in the purine biosynthesis genes purA, purC, and purL were biofilm impaired, but they grew planktonically like the wild type in Luria-Bertani broth. Biofilm populations had higher purA, purC, and purL transcript ratios than planktonic cultures, as measured by real-time PCR. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) of BacLight-stained samples indicated that there were nucleic acids in the cell-associated matrix. This eDNA could be mobilized off the biofilm into an agarose gel matrix through electrophoresis, and it was a substrate for DNase. Glass surfaces exposed to exponentially growing populations acquired a DNA-containing conditioning film, as indicated by LSCM. Planktonic exponential-phase cells released DNA into an agarose gel matrix through electrophoresis, while stationary-phase populations did not do this. DNase treatment of planktonic exponential-phase populations rendered cells more susceptible than control populations to the DNA-interacting antibiotic actinomycin D. Exponential-phase purA cells did not contain detectable eDNA, nor did they convey a DNA-containing conditioning film to the glass surface. These results indicate that exponential-phase cells of B. cereus ATCC 14579 are decorated with eDNA and that biofilm formation requires DNA as part of the extracellular polymeric matrix.
New High Performance 3.5 mm, Low Cost, Utility Coaxial Connector with Mode Free Operation Through 34 GHz (2005)

A utility 3.5 millimeter connector was designed to cover frequencies above 18 GHz in coaxial transmission lines. The superior cost/performance characteristics of this new connector are presented in this paper.
Hollow Melon‐Seed‐Shaped Lithium Iron Phosphate Micro‐ and Sub‐Micrometer Plates for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

Melon-seed-shaped LiFePO4 hollow micro- and sub-micrometer plates have been synthesized via a polyol-assisted hydrothermal method. The as-prepared LiFePO4 hollow materials were new with regard to their single-crystalline shells with large ac surfaces. Based on the detailed analysis of time-dependent studies, a possible growth mechanism was proposed involving nucleation, anisotropic growth, selective etching, and reversed recrystallization. The effects of polyol concentration, reaction temperature, and feeding sequence of precursors on the growth of LiFePO4 materials were investigated. The electrochemical properties of as-prepared LiFePO4 hollow materials were examined as cathode materials.
Small Photocarrier Effective Masses Featuring Ambipolar Transport in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite: A Density Functional Analysis (2013)

Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) plays an important role in light absorption and carrier transport in efficient organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. In this Letter, we report the first theoretical estimation of effective masses of photocarriers in CH3NH3PbI3. Effective masses of photogenerated electrons and holes were estimated to be me* = 0.23m0 and mh* = 0.29m0, respectively, including spin-orbit coupling effects. This result is consistent with the long-range ambipolar transport property and with the larger diffusion constant for electrons compared with that for holes in the perovskite, which enable efficient photovoltaic conversion.
Integer-programming-based layout synthesis of two-dimensional CMOS cells. (1997)

With the growing complexity and size of integrated circuits, automatic techniques for generating the layout of CMOS cells are becoming increasingly necessary for both full-custom and cell-based, semi-custom designs. In this thesis, we address the problem of minimizing the area of CMOS cells that employ the widely applicable, but little studied, two-dimensional (2-D) layout style. We present the first practical cell synthesis methodology CLIP (Cell Layout via Integer Programming) aimed at producing optimal or near-optimal 2-D layouts under various design objectives and constraints. CLIP uses integer-linear programming (ILP) as its core optimization method. Each 2-D cell layout problem is modeled as a 0-1 integer-linear program. An off-the-shelf ILP solver program then solves the model and generates a solution that is optimal under the modeled assumptions. CLIP exactly solves both the width and height minimization problems for 2-D cells. For width minimization, we formulate the problem in a precise form that combines all factors influencing the 2-D width in a common problem space; this space is then searched in a systematic manner by branch-and-bound algorithms used by ILP solvers. For height minimization, we show that cell height can be modeled accurately in terms of the horizontal wire routing density. The solution to this model specifies a minimum-height layout from among all layouts of minimum width. To handle larger circuits, we propose two different heuristic clustering techniques--grouping series-connected transistors (and-stacking) and hierarchical circuit partitioning (HCLIP)--that produce probably near-optimal layouts. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of the CLIP approach by presenting a new performance-directed synthesis method that folds large transistors and generates layouts that are optimal for a given folding. We have experimented with two different branch-and-bound solution strategies for our ILP problems, one based on linear programming and the other on boolean satisfiability; the latter proved to have significantly shorter run times. Through extensive experimentation on a wide range of practical CMOS circuits, we demonstrate that exact CLIP is computationally feasible for optimal 2-D layout generation of circuits with about 20 transistors. With and-stacking and partitioning, CLIP is shown to be practical for circuits with 50 or more transistors. We also compare our layouts to those of prior heuristic methods, and demonstrate that CLIP produces significantly smaller cells.
A Compact-Size and High Isolation Dual-Band Coplanar-Waveguide Bandpass Filter (2007)

A compact and high isolation CPW dual-band bandpass filter using the interdigital resonator structures (IDTRS) is presented for application in GPS and IEEE 802.11 b WLANs. Since the two passbands can be tuned individually, the filter has more design freedoms. IDTRS are used to generate and control the second passband frequency. Two transmission zeros in the stopband are realized to improve the selectivity of the filter, and to achieve a high isolation higher than 30 dB between two passbands. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results demonstrate our proposed structure.
Tonkinecin, a Novel Bioactive Annonaceous Acetogenin from <i>Uvaria tonkinesis</i> (1996)

A novel bioactive monotetrahydrofuran acetogenin named tonkinecin (1) and two known compounds, uvariamicins I and II, have been isolated from the roots of Uvaria tonkinesis. The structure of 1 was elucidated using spectral methods and its absolute stereochemistry established by 1H-NMR experiments utilizing Mosher ester methodology.
Le tourisme durable au Vietnam (2009)

Depuis plusieurs années, le tourisme joue un rôle très important pour le Vietnam. Grâce à la nouvelle politique des autorités, le tourisme se développe de plus en plus, il représente maintenant 40% de l'économie du pays. Pourtant, le gouvernement n'a pas une stratégie spécifique et réfléchie afin d'engager le Vietnam dans une politique touristique qui convienne véritablement au pays. Il semble que le développement du tourisme soit encore vague et contradictoire. Les acteurs du secteur ne pensent qu'au développement à court terme. Donc, cela a causé beaucoup de problèmes pour la société et l'environnement du pays. En revanche, avec son potentiel actuel, le Vietnam pourrait faire croître le tourisme non seulement pour l'économie mais encore pour protéger l'environnement et la société. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous choisissons le tourisme durable. C'est un chemin vraiment nouveau pour le tourisme du Vietnam. Nous espérons que ce sera efficace pour ce pays en voie de développement.
The divergence of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in Sciurus aberti (1996)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes encode cell surface molecules that bind and present immunogenic peptides to cytolytic T lymphocytes. We have developed a model using the MHC (Scab) of tassel-eared squirrels, Sciurus aberti, to investigate the evolution of MHC genes in subspecies that have been effectively isolated in comparable, if not identical, environments. Class I cDNAs from single S. aberti aberti and S. aberti kaibabensis squirrels were cloned and sequenced. These two cDNA transcripts differed by nucleotide substitutions that were predominantly located in codons impacting the peptide binding site, and nonsynonymous substitutions exceeded synonymous substitutions at these sites. These sequences also differed by the insertion of two amino acids in a beta-strand adjacent to position 45 in pocket B of the peptide binding site that may result in a deeper pocket with altered peptide specificity. This indel is present in additional Scab class I sequences, and class I sequences in five subspecies carry identically sized insertions. Phylogenetic analyses of exons 2, 3, and 4 with neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods depict that Scab class I sequences diverged at a point intermediate between murid class I sequences and class I sequences of primates, carnivores, and artiodactyls. The relative relatedness of Scab class I sequences to those in the latter group appears to be founded in relative similarities in exons 2 and 3, which encode the peptide binding site. These results bring into question the use of a single model for rodent class I sequences. Moreover, they demonstrate that the inclusion of exons 2 and 3 in phylogenetic analyses of class I may obscure true phylogenetic relationships, perhaps due to convergence through strong selective pressure.
Scanning electron microscopic observations on the parasitic forms of the fungi in tinea cruris. (1985)

浅在性白癬の一型である頑癬について病巣角層を表層より下層にかけて, スティックテープで剥離し, 得られた標本中の白癬菌の寄生形態を走査電顕により観察した. 得られた結果をまとめると以下のごとくである.1) 角層の表層においては長い菌糸型が多く分岐も著明であり, 中層より下層にかけて菌糸隔壁間の間隔が狭く分節化が起こり, 下層においては分節胞子を認める.2) 角層における白癬菌の形態上の変化は, 菌と生体のhost-parasite relationshipの上に成り立つものと考えられ, 菌は生体環境に応じ菌糸→胞子→菌糸の形をとり, 角層の中で循環しつつその生命を維持するものと考えられる.3) 白癬菌は角質細胞に密着して縦横に伸展しあるいは角層にトンネルを作って進む. しかし細胞間を選んで菌が生成する所見はない.4) 角層に寄生した菌が剥離したあとには, 菌体に相当した凹溝が認められるが, 凹溝の状況から菌は角質細胞に堅固に密着するものではない.
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Constitutively Expressed Nitrate Transporter Gene,<i>OsNRT1</i>, from Rice (2000)

Elucidating how rice (Oryza sativa) takes up nitrate at the molecular level could help improve the low recovery rate (<50%) of nitrogen fertilizer in rice paddies. As a first step toward that goal, we have cloned a nitrate transporter gene from rice called OsNRT1. OsNRT1 is a new member of a growing transporter family called PTR, which consists not only of nitrate transporters from higher plants that are homologs of the Arabidopsis CHL1 (AtNRT1) protein, but also peptide transporters from a wide variety of genera including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. However, despite the fact that OsNRT1 shares a higher degree of sequence identity with the two peptide transporters from plants (approximately 50%) than with the nitrate transporters (approximately 40%) of the PTR family, no peptide transport activity was observed when OsNRT1 was expressed in either Xenopus oocytes or yeast. Furthermore, contrasting the dual-affinity nitrate transport activity of CHL1, OsNRT1 displayed only low-affinity nitrate transport activity in Xenopus oocytes, with a K(m) value of approximately 9 mM. Northern-blot and in situ hybridization analysis indicated that OsNRT1 is constitutively expressed in the most external layer of the root, epidermis and root hair. These data strongly indicate that OsNRT1 encodes a constitutive component of a low-affinity nitrate uptake system for rice.
Systematic review of defibrotide studies in the treatment of veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) (2019)

Veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also called sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) conditioning or high-dose nontransplant chemotherapy. VOD/SOS with multi-organ dysfunction (MOD) is associated with a mortality rate of > 80%. Defibrotide (25 mg/kg/day) is approved to treat hepatic VOD/SOS with renal or pulmonary dysfunction post HSCT in the United States and to treat severe hepatic VOD/SOS in patients > 1 month of age in the European Union. A random effects model was used for pooling data from 17 systematically chosen defibrotide studies. For patients in these reports (n = 2598), and those in the subset of 10 reports of patients treated with ~ 25 mg/kg/day (n = 1691), estimated Day + 100 survival rates were 54% and 56%, respectively. Among those patients treated with ~ 25 mg/kg/day, estimated Day + 100 survival was 44% among patients with MOD and 71% in patients without MOD; survival was 41% and 70%, respectively, for the population of patients receiving any dose of defibrotide. Safety results were not pooled owing to differences in reporting methodology but were generally consistent with the known tolerability profile of defibrotide. This analysis provides the largest assessment of survival in patients treated with defibrotide for VOD/SOS with or without MOD.
Design and Synthesis of Piperidine-3-carboxamides as Human Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (1995)

A detailed structure-activity analysis was carried out using eight 1-alkyl(aralkyl)nipecotamides (type 5), 33 bis-nipecotamidoalkanes and aralkanes (type 6), and 7 N,N'-bis(nipecotoyl)-piperazines (type 7) as inhibitors of human platelet aggregation. Steric factors played an important role in determining the activity of type 5 compounds possessing an an appropriate degree of hydrophobic character. Types 6 and 7 compounds were more potent than the corresponding type 5 molecules. Hydrophobic character appeared to influence the activity of type 6 compounds. A 3-substituent on the piperidine ring was necessary for antiplatelet activity; the substituent should be preferably an amide with its C attached directly to the ring. 3,5-Disubstitution and 2-substitution led to a decline in activity. Optimal activity was attained when the two nipecotoyl ring N atoms were connected by an aralkyl group, and separated by approximately 7 A. It is suggested that van der Waals forces and pi interactions may govern the inhibitor-platelet interaction. The most potent type 6 inhibitor was alpha,alpha'-bis[3-(N-ethyl-N-butylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene (6i). The most potent type 5 compound was 1-decyl-3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidine (5a). Any substitution on the piperazine ring of type 7 compounds led to a decline in activity, the most active analog being N,N'-bis(1-decylnipecotoyl)piperazine (7a). It is suggested that nipecotamides interact with anionic platelet sites located 7 A from each other and connected by a hydrophobic well.
Single node protection without bouncing in IP networks (2012)

Several approaches for IP fast rerouting have been proposed to augment resiliency of IP networks. For example, NotVia uses IP tunnels to avoid failure component, and FIFR prepares two routing tables to switch packets according to incoming interfaces. In this paper, for two-table approach such as FIFR, we propose to use 2-bit marking on packet header to overcome one of the problems called route bouncing. By preventing route bouncing, more efficient use of network resources are possible. We further show that our method not only prevents route bouncing but also prevents packet loops in case of multiple failure. Note that, although multiple failure occurs with low probability, once it occurs network performance significantly degrades since size of loops is far larger than microloops.
Querying Nested Collections (1994)

This dissertation investigates a new approach to query languages inspired by structural recursion and by the categorical notion of a monad.\nA language based on these principles has been designed and studied. It is found to have the strength of several widely known relational languages but without their weaknesses. This language and its various extensions are shown to exhibit a conservative extension property, which indicates that the depth of nesting of collections in intermediate data has no effect on their expressive power. These languages also exhibit the finite-cofiniteness property on many classes of queries. These two properties provide easy answers to several hitherto unresolved conjectures on query languages that are more realistic than the flat relational algebra.\nA useful rewrite system has been derived from the equational theory of monads. It forms the core of a source-to-source optimizer capable of performing filter promotion, code motion, and loop fusion. Scanning routines and printing routines are considered as part of optimization process. An operational semantics that is a blending of eager evaluation and lazy evaluation is suggested in conjunction with these input-output routines. This strategy leads to a reduction in space consumption and a faster response time while preserving good total time performance. Additional optimization rules have been systematically introduced to cache and index small relations, to map monad operations to several classical join operators, to cache large intermediate relations, and to push monad operations to external servers.\nA query system Kleisli and a high-level query language CPL for it have been built on top of the functional language ML. Many of my theoretical and practical contributions have been physically realized in Kleisli and CPL. In addition, I have explored the idea of open system in my implementation. Dynamic extension of the system with new primitives, cost functions, optimization rules, scanners, and writers are fully supported. As a consequence, my system can be easily connected to external data sources. In particular, it has been successfully applied to integrate several genetic data sources which include relational databases, structured files, as well as data generated by special application programs.
Studies on Some New Reactive Disperse Dyes (1980)

The preparation of some new reactive disperse dyes which can be used for dyeing 100% synthetic and fibre blends is described. The preparation of some disperse dyes containing a chlorohydrin group is also described. This radical is the precursor of the epoxide reactive group in the active form of these dyes. Dyeings produced on various fibre blends by a two–stage high–temperature and by a carrier–dyeing technique are assessed. It was found that dyeings produced by the high–temperature technique were brighter, more level and possessed much better technical properties than those obtained using the carrier–dyeing method. The fastness properties of dyed samples were determined and found to be comparable with those of conventional disperse and reactive dyes. The colour yield was also determined in order to examine the possibility of obtaining deep dyeings on blended fibres, and to evaluate the potential commercial use of these dyes for dyeing blends as well as 100% synthetic–polymer fibres.
A complementary selective epitaxial growth (CSEG) process and its application to high speed bipolar transistors (2002)

A complementary selective epitaxial growth (CSEG) process has been developed. For a 1.4- mu m-thick epi film the epitaxial wells have relatively small corner facets ( >
Path-independent insertion loss optical space switch (1987)

Optical space switches are basic components in both optical space-division and optical time-division switching networks. The maximum size of optical space switches is limited by both Increases In insertion loss and crosstalk at each switch element, e.g., a directional coupler in Ti:LiNbO3, in the worst path. Several space switch structures with low insertion loss and low crosstalk have been reported,1–3 but their properties are obtained by doubling the total number of switch elements.
Orientation and characterization of immobilized antibodies for improved immunoassays (Review) (2017)

Orientation of surface immobilized capture proteins, such as antibodies, plays a critical role in the performance of immunoassays. The sensitivity of immunodiagnostic procedures is dependent on presentation of the antibody, with optimum performance requiring the antigen binding sites be directed toward the solution phase. This review describes the most recent methods for oriented antibody immobilization and the characterization techniques employed for investigation of the antibody state. The introduction describes the importance of oriented antibodies for maximizing biosensor capabilities. Methods for improving antibody binding are discussed, including surface modification and design (with sections on surface treatments, three-dimensional substrates, self-assembled monolayers, and molecular imprinting), covalent attachment (including targeting amine, carboxyl, thiol and carbohydrates, as well as "click" chemistries), and (bio)affinity techniques (with sections on material binding peptides, biotin-streptavidin interaction, DNA directed immobilization, Protein A and G, Fc binding peptides, aptamers, and metal affinity). Characterization techniques for investigating antibody orientation are discussed, including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, dual polarization interferometry, neutron reflectometry, atomic force microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. Future perspectives and recommendations are offered in conclusion.