gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimization of multimodal transportation networks: Interpretation of the Pareto set from a case study in Amsterdam. (online) (2012)

We define the optimization of infrastructure planning in a multimodal network context as a multi-objective network design problem, rather than evaluating a pre-defined set of network scenarios. This provides insight into the extent to which facilitating better transfers between modes can contribute to various aspects of sustainability, namely accessibility, operation subsidies, use of urban space and climate impact. For a real life case study the Pareto set is estimated by a genetic algorithm, showing that minimizing the use of urban space clearly competes with minimizing operations subsidies. Furthermore, travel time and climate impact are rather in line with each other. Finally it is shown that the Pareto set is strongly influenced by the frequency of one specific train line, indicating that increasing line frequency more effective than opening new park and ride facilities or new train stations.
A Vector Control System Using a Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source PWM Inverter. (1991)

This paper describes a vector control system of an induction machine using a neutral-pointclamped voltage source inverter (NPC-VSI) that is one of double series connected inverters.
Thermal stability of Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As/InP heterostructure and its improvement by phosphidization (2002)

A drastic decrease in the sheet carrier concentration of the modulation-doped Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As/InP heterostructure has been observed after O/sub 2/ plasma treatment followed by thermal treatment up to 350/spl deg/C. It has been found that the decrease in sheet carrier concentration is caused by the impurities penetrated from the surface of the epilayer, and can be suppressed substantially by using PH/sub 3/ plasma treatment prior to the O/sub 2/ plasma and thermal treatments.
Cislunar Tether Transport System (2000)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
The thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) superfamily: Diverse proteins with related roles in neuronal development (2000)

The thrombospondins are a family of proteins found widely in the embryonic extracellular matrix. Like most matrix proteins, thrombospondins are modular and contain a series of repeated domains arrayed between globular amino and carboxyl terminal domains. In recent years, other proteins that share thrombospondin type 1 repeats, or TSRs, have been identified. These include the F-spondin gene family, the members of the semaphorin 5 family, UNC-5, SCO-spondin, and others. Most of these are expressed in the developing nervous system, and many have expression patterns and in vitro properties that suggest potential roles in the guidance of cell and growth cone migration. Both cell- and matrix-binding motifs have been identified in the TSRs of thrombospondin-1, so it has been hypothesized that the properties of these diverse proteins may also depend on the presence of these repeats. Here, we review the cell biology of the TSR module, the extensive literature regarding the distribution and functions of thrombospondins and other TSR superfamily proteins, and evaluate their possible roles during the development of the nervous system.
Differential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of dexamethasone and N-acetylcysteine in endotoxin-induced lung inflammation (2000)

Inhalation of bacterial endotoxin induces an acute inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone were investigated in mice exposed to aerosolized endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). Powerful reduction of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained by a single i.p. injection of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg), whereas treatment with NAC only resulted in reduction of neutrophils when administered at a high dose (500 mg/kg). Measurement of cytokine and chemokine expression in lung tissue revealed a significant decrease of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta IL-6, IL- 12p40, and MIP-1alpha mRNA when mice where treated with dexamethasone but not when treated with NAC. Analysis of oxidative burst demonstrated a remarkable reduction of oxygen radicals in BALF neutrophils after treatment with dexamethasone, whereas the effect of NAC was not significantly different from that in untreated animals. In conclusion, dexamethasone exerted both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in acute airway inflammation, probably by blocking early events in the inflammatory cascade. In contrast, treatment with NAC resulted in a weak reduction of the inflammatory response but no inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines or reduction of oxidative burst in neutrophils. These results demonstrate dramatic differences in efficiency and also indicate that the two drugs have different actions. Combined treatment with NAC and dexamethasone revealed an additive action but no synergy was observed.
Combinatorial Chemistry—Challenge and Chance for the Development of New Catalysts and Materials (1999)

One should not underestimate the capability of the combinatorial method in solid-state chemistry; this is the opinion of the author. Combinatorial chemistry can provide a large number of new compounds, but once the components that are interesting for a certain application have been successfully selected, the techniques of conventional catalysis and materials research are required. The strengths of conventional chemistry lie in the optimization, systematic modification, and improvement of new lead structures. In contrast, discovery is the potential strength of combinatorial chemistry. Careful design is most important for the synthesis of useful libraries, since the diversity of the periodic table is much too large to be accessed comprehensively or systematically by such large libraries.
cDNA cloning of a novel cdc2<sup>+</sup>/CDC28‐related protein kinase from rice (1991)

A cDNA clone, named R2, has been isolated by screening a rice cell cDNA library with a redundant oligonucleotide probe derived from the conserved ATP binding site of cdc2+/CDC28 protein kinases. The cDNA contained the entire coding sequence for a 424 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 47.6 kDa. The R2 mRNA, 2.1 kb in size, was expressed in both cultured rice cells and rice seedlings at similar levels. The predicted R2 protein has canonical motifs for ATP binding and catalysis, and is significantly homologous (up to 47%) to members of the cdc2+/CDC28 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinase. The R2 protein is a novel member of the subfamily.
Fairness in an Unfair World (2017)

Secure multiparty computation allows mutually distrusting parties to compute a function on their private inputs such that nothing but the function output is revealed. Achieving fairness --- that all parties learn the output or no one does -- is a long studied problem with known impossibility results in the standard model if a majority of parties are dishonest. We present a new model for achieving fairness in MPC against dishonest majority by using public bulletin boards implemented via existing infrastructure such as blockchains or Google's certificate transparency logs. We present both theoretical and practical constructions using either witness encryption or trusted hardware (such as Intel SGX). Unlike previous works that either penalize an aborting party or achieve weaker notions such as $\Delta$-fairness, we achieve complete fairness using existing infrastructure.
Asymmetric Freedericksz transitions from symmetric liquid crystal cells doped with harvested ferroelectric nanoparticles (2010)

The electrical Freedericksz transition characteristics of planar aligned liquid crystal cells doped with harvested single ferroelectric domain 9 nm nanoparticles of BaTiO(3) have been measured. We demonstrate for the first time that the electrical pre-history of the cells imparts significant polarity sensitivity to the Freedericksz characteristics. The presence of harvested single domain ferroelectric nanoparticles enables cells to be programmably semi-permanently polarized. This reduces or increases the Freedericksz transition threshold by 0.8 V, depending on the polarity of the applied voltage, giving a net 1.6 V Freedericksz threshold asymmetry for 8 mum thick cells filled with TL205 liquid crystal.
Lactobacillus species as biomarkers and agents that can promote various aspects of vaginal health (2015)

The human body is colonized by a vast number of microorganisms collectively referred to as the human microbiota. One of the main microbiota body sites is the female genital tract, commonly dominated by Lactobacillus spp., in approximately 70% of women. Each individual species can constitute approximately 99% of the ribotypes observed in any individual woman. The most frequently isolated species are Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus iners. Residing at the port of entry of bacterial and viral pathogens, the vaginal Lactobacillus species can create a barrier against pathogen invasion since mainly products of their metabolism secreted in the cervicovaginal fluid can play an important role in the inhibition of bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota appears to be a good biomarker for a healthy vaginal ecosystem. This balance can be rapidly altered during processes such as menstruation, sexual activity, pregnancy and various infections. An abnormal vaginal microbiota is characterized by an increased diversity of microbial species, leading to a condition known as bacterial vaginosis. Information on the vaginal microbiota can be gathered from the analysis of cervicovaginal fluid, by using the Nugent scoring or the Amsel's criteria, or at the molecular level by investigating the number and type of Lactobacillus species. However, when translating this to the clinical setting, it should be noted that the absence of a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota does not appear to directly imply a diseased condition or dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the widely documented beneficial role of vaginal Lactobacillus species demonstrates the potential of data on the composition and activity of lactobacilli as biomarkers for vaginal health. The substantiation and further validation of such biomarkers will allow the design of better targeted probiotic strategies.
Glucose and insulin levels during diuretic therapy in hypertensive men. (1994)

We investigated serum glucose and insulin levels resulting from thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic administration and determined whether they were associated with serum or intracellular potassium or magnesium values. We also explored the role of obesity both alone and with thiazides on serum insulin and glucose. Hypertensive men were withdrawn from diuretics and repleted with oral potassium and magnesium and then randomized to 2 months of treatment with (1) hydrochlorothiazide, (2) hydrochlorothiazide with oral potassium, (3) hydrochlorothiazide with oral potassium and magnesium (4) hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene, (5) chlorthalidone, or (6) placebo. Serum was available from 202 participants for insulin and glucose determinations. Mean fasting serum glucose and insulin did not change significantly after 2 months of randomized therapy with the exception of participants randomized to chlorthalidone, who had significant increases in both serum insulin and glucose (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). As body mass index increased, there was a corresponding increase in serum insulin and to a lesser degree in serum glucose. Also, as body mass index increased, participants taking hydrochlorothiazide had a corresponding increase of serum insulin (P < .05). After treatment, intracellular potassium and magnesium were both associated with higher serum insulin (P < .001 for each), and serum potassium was associated with higher and serum magnesium with lower serum glucose (P < .01 for each). In most hypertensive men, treatment with 50 mg chlorthalidone increases glucose and insulin levels, whereas administration of 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, with or without potassium and/or magnesium conserving strategies, does not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Towards solving multicast key management problem (2003)

An important part of secure multicast is key management. Up to now, no completely satisfying scheme has been proposed, which might explain why secure multicast is not used extensively. In this paper, we discuss some representative solutions to the key management problem and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of them. Then we propose a new scheme, secure transmission backbone (STB), which provides a general solution for both secure multicast and unicast. In our method, a secure transmission backbone is constructed. With such a backbone, it is no longer necessary for each individual multicast group to maintain keys. The key management problem is thus solved/avoided completely. STB avoids using global keys and protects transmissions on each hop using local keys. STB is based on existing routing protocols, and it is highly robust, reliable and cost effective.
Synthesis of Cyano‐Bridged Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids (2006)

A principally new exploit of ionic liquids as an alternative reaction medium in the synthesis of cyano-bridged coordination-polymer nanoparticles is reported. Stable colloid solutions containing nanoparticles of cyano-bridged molecule-based magnets, M)[Fe(CN)6]2/[RMIM][BF4] (M2+=Ni, Cu, Co) and Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3/[RMIM][BF4] (R=1-butyl (BMIM), 1-decyl (DMIM)), were prepared in the corresponding 1-R-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [RMIM][BF4], which acts as both a stabilising agent and a solvent. By varying the length of the N-alkyl chain on the imidazolium cation of [RMIM]+ and the temperature, the growing process can be controlled to produce nanoparticles of different sizes. By studying the magnetic properties of frozen colloids it is shown that the relaxation of magnetisation is strongly influenced by interparticle interactions, which leads to the appearance of spin-glass-like dynamics in these systems.
Prototype of non-destructive fruit sweetness sensor (1992)

A model LL-4 magnetic resonance low level unit designed to operate at 5.35 MHz was used to perform proton magnetic resonance ([sup 1]H-MR) tests on sugar solutions. The magnet console was designed and built by Agricultural Engineering Department personnel. The homogeneity of the magnetic field is critical to achievement of a good signal and to good performance of the device. Measurements of magnetic field strength along the major axes of the air gap are reported. Test tubes were filled with sugar solutions and placed in the air gap between the permanent magnets in the magnet console. Sugar solutions containing 0% to 30% sucrose were interrogated using, the Hahn spin echo pulse sequence. The amplitude of the echo peak was well correlated with percent sugar content in solutions.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of Trigger-Point Injection Therapy for Low-Back Pain (1989)

The efficacy of trigger-point injection therapy in treatment of low-back strain was evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. The patient population consisted of 63 individuals with low-back strain. Patients with this diagnosis had nonradiating low-back pain, normal neurologic examination, absence of tension signs, and lumbosacral roentgenograms interpreted as being within normal limits. They were treated conservatively for 4 weeks before entering the study. Injection therapy was of four different types: lidocaine, lidocaine combined with a steroid, acupuncture, and vapocoolant spray with acupressure. Results indicated that therapy without injected medication (63% improvement rate) was at least as effective as therapy with drug injection (42% improvement rate), at a P value of 0.09. Trigger-point therapy seems to be a useful adjunct in treatment of low-back strain. The injected substance apparently is not the critical factor, since direct mechanical stimulus to the trigger-point seems to give symptomatic relief equal to that of treatment with various types of injected medication.
Hemocompatible Biofunctionalized magnetic composites for blood detoxification techniques (2011)

Biofunctionalized magnetic composites have been obtained by immobilization of biotin via activation with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) on chitosan-magnetite based particles. FT-IR and TEM analyses confirmed that biotinylated particles have been successfully prepared. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that bio-functionalized particles have sub-micron size. These particles exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior and good magnetic saturation, characteristics that recommend them for magnetic separation techniques. Blood coagulation assays indicated that functionalized magnetic composites are blood compatible.
Isolation and characterization of gemcitabine-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells (2010)

Gemcitabine is an effective chemotherapy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to gemcitabine reduces its efficacy. We have isolated gemcitabine-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells, termed A549/GR cells. A549/GR cells were resistant to gemcitabine as well as paclitaxel and docetaxel but not carboplatin and irinotecan. The expression level of multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7) in A549/GR cells was higher than that in A549 cells, and the inhibitor of MRP7 by cepharanthine increased the sensitivity to gemcitabine in A549/GR cells. These findings indicate that cepharanthine reversed gemcitabine resistance. To determine predictive molecular markers of gemcitabine resistance for more effective treatment of these tumors, we performed PCR array. We identified that CDKN1A/p21, CYP3A5, microsomal epoxide hyrolase 1 (EPHX1) and ABCC6 (MRP6) were up-regulated >5-fold in A549/GR cells. Gemcitabine also induced the expression of p21 and CYP3A5 in A549 cells. A better understanding of the characterization and mechanism of the resistance to gemcitabine in A549/GR cells may help identify agents that reverse clinical gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC.
Data driven image models through continuous joint alignment (2006)

This paper presents a family of techniques that we call congealing for modeling image classes from data. The idea is to start with a set of images and make them appear as similar as possible by removing variability along the known axes of variation. This technique can be used to eliminate "nuisance" variables such as affine deformations from handwritten digits or unwanted bias fields from magnetic resonance images. In addition to separating and modeling the latent images-i.e., the images without the nuisance variables-we can model the nuisance variables themselves, leading to factorized generative image models. When nuisance variable distributions are shared between classes, one can share the knowledge learned in one task with another task, leading to efficient learning. We demonstrate this process by building a handwritten digit classifier from just a single example of each class. In addition to applications in handwritten character recognition, we describe in detail the application of bias removal from magnetic resonance images. Unlike previous methods, we use a separate, nonparametric model for the intensity values at each pixel. This allows us to leverage the data from the MR images of different patients to remove bias from each other. Only very weak assumptions are made about the distributions of intensity values in the images. In addition to the digit and MR applications, we discuss a number of other uses of congealing and describe experiments about the robustness and consistency of the method.
Ruminomyces elegans gen. et sp. nov., a polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus from cattle (1990)

Volume: 38
Classification of remote sensed data using Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (2015)

The present study employs the traditional swarm intelligence technique in the classification of satellite data since the traditional statistical classification technique shows limited success in classifying remote sensing data. The traditional statistical classifiers examine only the spectral variance ignoring the spatial distribution of the pixels corresponding to the land cover classes and correlation between various bands. The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm based upon swarm intelligence which is used to characterise spatial variations within imagery as a means of extracting information forms the basis of object recognition and classification in several domains avoiding the issues related to band correlation. The results indicate that ABC algorithm shows an improvement of 5% overall classification accuracy at 6 classes over the traditional Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and 3% against support vector machine.
Japanese road signs recognition using neural networks (2013)

Recently, traffic accidents are increasing because of driver's inattentiveness to the road signs. In this work, in order to assist drivers, we propose a recognition system for road signs using neural networks. We first segment road sign regions using color and shape features to get the location information. The initial sign recognition uses template matching. However, since this did not produce satisfactory results, a neural network is used to learn and recognize the signs. A variety of features are considered for training the neural network. The experimental results show that this recognition method is effective for online road sign recognition.
Ultrafast optical nonlinearity in poly(methylmethacrylate)-TiO2 nanocomposites (2003)

With 780-nm, 250-fs laser pulses, ultrafast optical nonlinearity has been observed in a series of thin films containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-TiO2 nanocomposites, which are synthesized by a simple technique of in-situ sol-gel/polymerization. The best figures of merit are found in one of the films prepared with a 60 wt % of titanium isopropoxide. Transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of 5-nm-diameter particles in the film. The observed optical nonlinearity has a recovery time of ∼1.5 ps. These findings suggest the strong potential of PMMA-TiO2 nanocomposites for all-optical switching.