gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Separation of H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> Mixtures (2012)

Porous carbon nanotubes, which are single-walled carbon nanotubes having tailored pores in their sidewalls, are proposed as potential membrane materials for separating gas mixtures with high selectivity and high permeance. We present both quantum mechanical calculations and classical statistical mechanical calculations with empirical potentials showing that porous carbon nanotubes having the correct pore size can very effectively separate mixtures of H2/CH4 and also of CO2/CH4. In each of these mixtures, CH4 is effectively prevented from entering the pore due to size exclusion. These porous carbon nanotubes could be used in mixed matrix polymer membranes to increase both the permeance and the selectivity for targeted gas mixtures.
Nucleotide sequence and transcription start point of the phosphoglycerate transporter gene of Salmonella typhimurium (1988)

We identified the phosphoglycerate transporter gene of Salmonella typhimurium and its polypeptide product and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene. The predicted translation product was a protein of 406 amino acid residues and was extremely hydrophobic, a feature that is consistent with its role in membrane transport. Hydropathy analysis suggested that there are eight transmembrane segments of at least 20 amino acid residues for the protein. The transcription start point was mapped to lie at position -44 relative to the putative translational initiation start point. Comparison of PgtP with UhpT and GlpT, the membrane-bound proteins involved in the transport of hexose-6-phosphate and glycerol-3-phosphate, respectively, revealed a very high degree of amino acid sequence similarity among them, reflecting not only similar structures and functions among these polypeptides but also a common evolutionary origin for them.
Prednisolone Dose-Dependently Influences Inflammation and Coagulation during Human Endotoxemia (2007)

The effects of steroids on the outcome of sepsis are dose dependent. Low doses appear to be beneficial, but high doses do not improve outcome for reasons that are insufficiently understood. The effects of steroids on systemic inflammation as a function of dose have not previously been studied in humans. To determine the effects of increasing doses of prednisolone on inflammation and coagulation in humans exposed to LPS, 32 healthy males received prednisolone orally at doses of 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg (n = 8 per group) at 2 h before i.v. injection of Escherichia coli LPS (4 ng/kg). Prednisolone dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced release of cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1), while enhancing the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Prednisolone attenuated neutrophil activation (plasma elastase levels) and endothelial cell activation (von Willebrand factor). Most remarkably, prednisolone did not inhibit LPS-induced coagulation activation, measured by plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragment F1+2, and soluble tissue factor. In addition, activation of the fibrinolytic pathway (tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasmin-alpha(2)-antiplasmin complexes) was dose-dependently enhanced by prednisolone. These data indicate that prednisolone dose-dependently and differentially influences the systemic activation of different host response pathways during human endotoxemia.
Commutation by Armature Induced Voltage in Self-Controlled Synchronous Machines (1974)

A self-controlled synchronous machine drive system consists of a frequency converter, a control loop utilizing ashaft angle sensor as the primary control input, and a conventional synchronous machine. The static and dynamic characteristics of the system are similar to those of a dc machine.
The Expression of CD147 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Clinical Significance (2011)

Objective To investigate the expression of CD147/extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer(EMMPIN) in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and to analyze its clinical significance.Methods A total of 57 cases of human NSCLC was enrolled.CD147 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR while protein expression by immunohistochemistry in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Relationship between CD147 protein expression and clinical pathological features of NSCLC was analyzed.Results CD147 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues.The expression of CD147 correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P 0.05),but not with age,gender or pathohistological type in NSCLC(P 0.05).Conclusion CD147 expression may closely correlate with the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC and may be used as an important index to evaluate the degree of malignancy of NSCLU.
Thru-silicon vias for 3D WLP (2002)

Thru-Silicon designs and manufacturing process flows are introduced as a means to produce 3D wafer level packaging solutions. Standard silicon IC manufacturing unit-processes must be combined into robust process-flows to allow for the rapid deployment of wafer-level packaging throughout the industry.
Computational Study on the Relative Reactivities of Cobalt and Nickel Amidinates via β-H Migration (2007)

Density functional theory calculations were performed to examine the relative stabilities of several Co- and Ni-based amidinates for atomic layer deposition to β-H or β-CH3 migration from the chelating ligand to the metal center atom. The calculated precursor structures are in excellent agreement with the available XRD data. The minimum energy path of the migration process was identified. Our results indicate that the migration process is thermochemically endothermic; however, for Ni(iPr-MeAMD)2 the reaction is close to thermoneutral. The relatively moderate activation barrier allows β-H migration for Ni(iPr-MeAMD)2 to occur, leading to instability at the ALD process temperature. Replacing the H atoms with methyl groups can greatly stabilize the precursors to the β-H migration. The results are consistent with the experimental observations.
A Model-Driven Deep Learning Method for LED Nonlinearity Mitigation in OFDM-Based Optical Communications (2019)

The nonlinearity of light emitting diodes (LED) has restricted the bit error rate (BER) performance of visible light communications (VLC). In this paper, we propose model-driven deep learning (DL) approach using an autoencoder (AE) network to mitigate the LED nonlinearity for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based VLC systems. Different from the conventional fully data-driven AE, the communication domain knowledge is well incorporated in the proposed scheme for the design of network architecture and training cost function. First, a deep neural network (DNN) combined with discrete Fourier transform spreading (DFT-S) is adopted at the transmitter to map the binary data into complex I-Q symbols for each OFDM subcarrier. Then, at the receiver, we divide the symbol demapping module into two subnets in terms of nonlinearity compensation and signal detection, where each subnet is comprised of a DNN. Finally, both the autocorrelation of the learned mapping symbols and the mean square error of demapping symbols are taken into account simultaneously by the cost function for network training. With this approach, the LED nonlinearity and the interference introduced by the multipath channel can be effectively mitigated. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits better BER performance than some existing methods and further accelerates the training speed, which demonstrates the prospective and validity of DL in the VLC system.
Intrinsically conducting nanocomposites: high performance electromagnetic shielding materials (2006)

The new ways of processing intrinsically conducting polymers as polyaniline (PANI) permits to conceive nano-composites with high conductivities. The blends of PANI with polyurethane showed a very low percolation threshold (<1%) and the dielectric properties can be tuned easily and precisely with the mass fraction of PANI in the blends. The performances of the materials in term of electromagnetic shielding (SE) were evaluated on a wide range of frequencies (50 MHz-100 GHz). Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness from 30 to 90 dB were found for mono or multi layer samples in the X and Ku band. From the measured physical properties (conductivity, permittivity) of the materials used as a data base, the genetic algorithm permits to optimize the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness to obtain very lightweight materials with a thickness below one millimeter with a SE superior to 40 dB in the 50 MHz-100 GHz band. By optimizing the materials for a desired value of shielding effectiveness, the quantity of PANI in the blends is reduced and then their mechanical properties are nearly those of the polyurethane. An other important advantage for industrial applications is a reduction of the cost of production of the materials.
Internal-Displacement Order Parameter below the 151-K Phase Transition in PrAl<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1974)

EPR measurements of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ impurities in PrAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ show that the direction of maximum electric field gradient at the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ site rotates continuously from the [101] to [001] perovskite axis below 151 K. This angle gives a direct measure of the displacement associated with the optical phonon mode participating in the Jahn-Teller transition; the angle is found to vary as ${({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}T)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ near ${T}_{c}$.
End-To-End Graph-based Deep Semi-Supervised Learning (2020)

The quality of a graph is determined jointly by three key factors of the graph: nodes, edges and similarity measure (or edge weights), and is very crucial to the success of graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches. Recently, dynamic graph, which means part/all its factors are dynamically updated during the training process, has demonstrated to be promising for graph-based semi-supervised learning. However, existing approaches only update part of the three factors and keep the rest manually specified during the learning stage. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based semi-supervised learning approach to optimize all three factors simultaneously in an end-to-end learning fashion. To this end, we concatenate two neural networks (feature network and similarity network) together to learn the categorical label and semantic similarity, respectively, and train the networks to minimize a unified SSL objective function. We also introduce an extended graph Laplacian regularization term to increase training efficiency. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Early footprint comparison for area I/O packages and first level interconnect (2003)

High density packaging (HDP) has a big potential for performance increase and size reduction as well as cost saving. To gain profit from this potential a careful package/first level interconnect and substrate selection is necessary. This selection defines the footprint of components and the number of layers needed to escape from them. The footprint not only includes the area needed for the pad placement but also the area used for each trace to leave the top layer with a via to an inner layer. Thus, it can dominate the spacing needed between two adjacent components. The number of layers for escaping defines the number of layers needed for the substrate if global routing could be done on less layers. These two key features allow us to estimate the advantages and the cost of a solution. In this paper we present models to calculate them. Thus, these models can be used to determine the feasible implementations as well as its associated cost.
Triplex-Directed Interstrand DNA Cross-Linking by Diaziridinylquinone−Oligonucleotide Conjugates (1998)

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind in the major groove to specific double-helical DNA sequences and have been shown to inhibit the function of targeted genes. Diaziridinylquinones are bifunctional alkylating agents that can form interstrand cross-links in DNA at 5‘-GNC sites. To demonstrate the feasibility of targeted interstrand cross-linking, a diaziridinylquinone−TFO conjugate was prepared from a diaziridinylquinone intermediate bearing an activated ester linker. The first demonstration of triplex-directed interstrand DNA cross-linking by a single targeted bifunctional alkylating agent is described. Up to 38% interstrand cross-linking was observed at pH 6.2.
Development of General Unstructured Reservoir Utility and Fractured Reservoir Modeling (2017)

New complexities have been identified in fractured shale reservoirs, such as multi-porosity types and non-Darcian transport and storage mechanisms in the shale nano-pores. Reservoir simulation serves as a convenient approach for reservoir management. However, commercial reservoir simulators remain as black boxes for reservoir engineers. Currently none of these simulators offer a full-featured tool to solve those problems. \n\nIn this work, a general Multi-Porosity Model is developed to handle the reservoir heterogeneity in the fractured reservoirs. This model allows the simulation of any number of porosity systems, and thus it resolves the limited number of porosity types in the Dual-Porosity Models. Moreover, this model allows arbitrary inter-porosity and intra-porosity connections, so it breaks the limitation of fixed connections in the Dual-Porosity Models. In addition, a novel porosity subdivision algorithm has been designed, and a new shape factor is correspondingly derived to consider the porosity subdivision. Therefore, the transient flow can be accurately approximated by the high resolution from the subdivision. Finally, the Multi-Porosity Model is implemented as a standalone unstructured tool, and thus it is able to be flexibly interfaced with unstructured reservoir simulators. This approach is successfully applied to model fluid transport in the fractured reservoirs and shale gas reservoirs. \n\nThe second thrust area is the development of a fully compositional simulator, General Unstructured Reservoir Utility (GURU). GURU is based on Control-Volume Finite-Difference method, so it can conveniently handle different grid discretization methods, such as Cartesian grids, discrete fracture models and Multi-Porosity Models etc. Besides, a novel class of compositional space preconditioned VLE methods has been proposed for efficient compositional simulation, and it speeds up the flash calculation by a more reliable initial estimate. In addition, mechanisms are flexibly considered in GURU. Darcy flow is the basic flow mechanism, and multi-component adsorption is optionally considered for fluid storage. Gas slippage and Knudsen diffusion are also incorporated for the shale gas transport. Furthermore, a unique shale reservoir modeling workflow is established for mechanistic investigation. Heterogeneity of the fractures is upscaled by sector models, and multi-porosity types are honored by the Triple-Porosity Model, and fluid storage and transport physics are implemented in GURU.
Fast and Controllable 3D Modelling From Silhouettes (2005)

We show how a 3D model of a complex curved object can be easily extracted from a single 2D image. A userdefined silhouette is the key input; and we show that finding the smoothest 3D surface which projects exactly to this silhouette can be expressed as a quadratic optimization, a result which has not previously appeared in the large literature on the shape-from-silhouette problem. For simple models, this process can immediately yield a usable 3D model; but for more complex geometries the user will wish to further shape the surface. We show that a variety of editing operationswhich can be defined either in the image or in 3Dcan also be expressed as linear constraints on the 3D shape parameters. We extend the system to fit higher genus surfaces. Our method has several advantages over the system of Zhang et al. [ZDPSS01] and over systems such as SKETCH and Teddy.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation of Arenes Using Alkylboron Reagents (2015)

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct alkylation of arenes using commercially available alkyltrifluoroborates is disclosed. Oximes, heteroarenes, azomethines, N-nitrosoamines, and amides are viable directing groups to entail this transformation. The alkyl group in the boron reagent can be extended to primary alkyls, benzyl, and cycloalkyls, and the reaction proceeded with controllable mono- and dialkylation selectivity when both ortho C-H sites are accessible.
Yield-Driven Near-Threshold SRAM Design (2009)

Voltage scaling is desirable in static RAM (SRAM) to reduce energy consumption. However, commercial SRAM is susceptible to functional failures when <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> is scaled down. Although several published SRAM designs scale <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> to 200-300 mV, these designs do not sufficiently consider SRAM robustness, limiting them to small arrays because of yield constraints, and may not correctly target the minimum energy operation point. We examine the effects on area and energy for the differential 6T and 8T bit cells as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> is scaled down, and the bit cells are either sized and doped, or assisted appropriately to maintain the same yield as with full <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> . SRAM robustness is calculated using importance sampling, resulting in a seven-order run-time improvement over Monte Carlo sampling. Scaling 6T and 8T SRAM <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> down to 500 mV and scaling 8T SRAM to 300 mV results in a 50% and 83% dynamic energy reduction, respectively, with no reduction in robustness and low area overhead, but increased leakage per bit. Using this information, we calculate the supply voltage for a minimum total energy operation ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> ) based on activity factor and find that it is significantly higher for SRAM than for logic.
Local mechanical stimulation of the hearing organ by laser irradiation (2005)

Light produces force when interacting with matter. Such radiation pressure may be used to accelerate small objects along the beam path of a laser. Here, we demonstrate that a moderately powerful laser can deliver enough force to locally stimulate the hearing organ, in the absence of conventional sound. Damped mechanical oscillations are observed following brief laser pulses, implying that the organ of Corti is locally resonant. This new method will be helpful for probing the mechanical properties of the hearing organ, which have crucial importance for the ear's ability to detect sound.
Adrenocortical Insufficiency: A Medical Emergency (1992)

Adrenal insufficiency is a deceptive disorder. Insidious in onset, chronic in nature, it can suddenly progress into an acute life-threatening condition that may mimic disorders of vastly different etiologies. The result can be a lethal delay in diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and replacement of glucocorticoids and fluids are essential for survival. Acute adrenal insufficiency is frequently an exacerbation of an underlying chronic disorder of the adrenal cortex or pituitary gland. Yet any patient who has been treated with suppressive doses of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol, prednisone), experienced overwhelming sepsis, has received anticoagulant therapy, or has endstage metastatic carcinoma may suddenly develop adrenal insufficiency along with its deadly sequela of hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypoglycemia. Successful management of this condition requires not only a heightened clinical awareness of adrenal insufficiency, but effective stress reduction interventions and a thorough patient and family teaching program to support lifelong control of the disease.
Yestercode: Improving code-change support in visual dataflow programming environments (2016)

In this paper, we present the Yestercode tool for supporting code changes in visual dataflow programming environments. In a formative investigation of LabVIEW programmers, we found that making code changes posed a significant challenge. To address this issue, we designed Yestercode to enable the efficient recording, retrieval, and juxtaposition of visual dataflow code while making code changes. To evaluate Yestercode, we implemented our design as a prototype extension to the LabVIEW programming environment, and ran a user study involving 14 professional LabVIEW programmers that compared Yestercode-extended LabVIEW to the standard LabVIEW IDE. Our results showed that Yestercode users introduced fewer bugs during tasks, completed tasks in about the same time, and experienced lower cognitive loads on tasks. Moreover, participants generally reported that Yestercode was easy to use and that it helped in making change tasks easier.
Enhancing Bioaerosol Sampling by Andersen Impactors Using Mineral-Oil-Spread Agar Plate (2013)

As a bioaerosol sampling standard, Andersen type impactor is widely used since its invention in 1950s, including the investigation of the anthrax attacks in the United States in 2001. However, its related problems such as impaction and desiccation stress as well as particle bounce have not been solved. Here, we improved its biological collection efficiencies by plating a mineral oil layer (100 µL) onto the agar plate. An Andersen six-stage sampler and a BioStage impactor were tested with mineral-oil-spread agar plates in collecting indoor and outdoor bacterial and fungal aerosols. The effects of sampling times (5, 10 and 20 min) were also studied using the BioStage impactor when sampling environmental bioaerosols as well as aerosolized Bacillus subtilis (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-). In addition, particle bounce reduction by mineral-oil-plate was also investigated using an optical particle counter (OPC). Experimental results revealed that use of mineral-oil-spread agar plate can substantially enhance culturable bioaerosol recoveries by Andersen type impactors (p-values<0.05). The recovery enhancement was shown to depend on bioaerosol size, type, sampling time and environment. In general, more enhancements (extra 20%) were observed for last stage of the Andersen six-stage samplers compared to the BioStage impactor for 10 min sampling. When sampling aerosolized B. subtilis, E. coli and environmental aerosols, the enhancement was shown to increase with increasing sampling time, ranging from 50% increase at 5 min to ∼100% at 20 min. OPC results indicated that use of mineral oil can effectively reduce the particle bounce with an average of 66% for 10 min sampling. Our work suggests that enhancements for fungal aerosols were primarily attributed to the reduced impaction stress, while for bacterial aerosols reduced impaction, desiccation and particle bounce played major roles. The developed technology can readily enhance the agar-based techniques including those high volume portable samplers for bioaerosol monitoring.