gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Heat Pulse Method and Deuterium Tracing Method for Measuring Transpiration from<i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>Trees (1992)

Estimates of transpiration obtained with the heat pulse velocity (HPV) method and the deuterium tracing method were compared in two Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden trees aged 18 months and 4 years, respectively. The HPV estimate of weighted mean daily flow rate differed from the deuterium mean by 7% in the older tree, and 35% in the younger tree. An analysis of possible sources of error revealed that the discrepancy in the younger tree may have arisen as a result of inadequate probe espacement radially through the sapwood, or from sapwood disruption caused when holes were drilled to release the tracer. We conclude that the two methods can provide very similar estimates of mean weighted transpiration rate in E. grandis trees if due precautions are taken to minimize known sources of error. The relative merits of the two techniques, which in many respects are complementary, are discussed.
Did cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases evolve from α‐amylases? (1997)

The hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylases, and the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) are key enzymes in the depolymerization of starch. These two groups of enzymes are evolutionarily related. We propose that the transferase activity is likely to have evolved from an ancestral hydrolase. Sequence analysis provides support for this hypothesis. Consequently, we have conducted an experimental study to test the possible adaptive value for evolving a CGTase. We found that when an alpha-amylase and a CGTase are combined more glucose is generated from starch than would be expected from the independent action of either of these enzymes. Thus, we propose that the biological role of CGTases is to work in concert with alpha-amylases for the efficient saccharification of starch. This observation can be useful in industrial processes aimed at producing syrups with high contents of glucose or maltose.
Discovering... San Francisco (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiscovering... San FranciscoPaul S. Cohen and Brenda H. Cohen Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 3, A69Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1992Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ed069pA69RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Understanding and Visualizing Data Iteration in Machine Learning (2020)

Successful machine learning (ML) applications require iterations on both modeling and the underlying data. While prior visualization tools for ML primarily focus on modeling, our interviews with 23 ML practitioners reveal that they improve model performance frequently by iterating on their data (e.g., collecting new data, adding labels) rather than their models. We also identify common types of data iterations and associated analysis tasks and challenges. To help attribute data iterations to model performance, we design a collection of interactive visualizations and integrate them into a prototype, Chameleon, that lets users compare data features, training/testing splits, and performance across data versions. We present two case studies where developers apply \system to their own evolving datasets on production ML projects. Our interface helps them verify data collection efforts, find failure cases stretching across data versions, capture data processing changes that impacted performance, and identify opportunities for future data iterations.
E-Commerce Technology: Back to a Prominent Future (2008)

E-commerce is a big business with a growing market size and has been a major driving force in the IT industry for the past decade. Companies now need to provide online shopping or marketing Web presence to allow for direct customer connections. In this article, the author reviews some primary e-commerce technologies, including auctions, negotiation, recommender systems, automated shopping, and trading. This paper also looks at how Web 2.0 provides new e-commerce opportunities.
Kinetic parameters of monoclonal antibodies ESH2, ESH4, ESH5, and ESH8 on coagulation factor VIII and their influence on factor VIII activity (2009)

The murine monoclonal antibodies ESH2, ESH4, ESH5, and ESH8 specifically bind and inhibit the procoagulant activity of human coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). They are frequently used as a model of inhibitors which are raised against injected FVIII in about 25% of hemophiliacs as a serious side effect of substitution therapy. However, binding kinetics of the interaction of these antibodies with FVIII and their influence on FVIII activity (inhibition) have not yet been examined systematically. For this, we examined association and dissociation of protein:antibody interaction using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and determined their ability to inhibit the FVIII activity in a one-stage and a two-stage assay. SPR-analysis revealed that the equilibrium dissociation constants (K(D)) of ESH8 and ESH4 are low and in a similar range (ESH8: K(D(ESH8)) = 0.542 nM; ESH4: K(D(ESH4)) = 0.761 nM). A 5.7 times higher K(D) than for ESH4 was observed for ESH2 (4.33 nM), whereas ESH5 showed the highest K(D) of 28.8 nM. In accordance with the lowest K(D), ESH8, and ESH4 reduced FVIII activity of normal human plasma almost completely in a one-stage clot inhibition assay (ESH8: 91.9%; ESH4: 90.1%). However, ESH8 inhibited FVIII activity more efficiently as only 1.0 microg/ml ESH8 was sufficient to obtain maximum inhibition compared to up to 600 microg/ml of ESH4. Despite its attenuated K(D), ESH2 inhibits FVIII:C still efficiently, reducing 61.3% of FVIII activity at a concentration of 9 microg/ml in the one-stage clotting assay. However, a discrepancy of inhibitory efficiency was found depending on the method used to measure FVIII activity. These effects seem to be mainly caused by differences of activation time of FVIII during both FVIII activity assays. The systematic assessment of these results should support FVIII interaction studies, and can provide data to rationally test peptides/mimotopes to remove or neutralize inhibitors of FVIII activity.
Study on Preparation Process and Application of Calcium Sulfate Whisker (2012)

At present,there are many studies on inorganic whisker materials in China.Calcium sulfate whisker is a gypsum whisker,because of its green environmental protection,higher performance-price ratio,wide application,the study on the calcium sulfate whisker has gotten wide attention.In this paper,preparation methods and application prospect of the calcium sulfate whisker were summarized,some problems were discussed and some relevant suggestions were put forward.
Perfusion-based segmentation of the human brain using similarity mapping (2001)

In this work, a method for segmenting human brain MR scans on the basis of perfusion is described. This technique uses a measure of similarity between the time-intensity curves obtained with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI and a modeled curve of reference to isolate a tissue of interest, such as white or gray matter. The aim of this study was to validate the method by performing segmentation of white and gray matter in six controls. The relative regional blood volume gray-to-white matter ratio was used as a criterion to assess the quality of segmentation. On average, this ratio was 2.1 +/- 0.2, which is in good agreement with the literature, thus suggesting reliable segmentation. In the case of abnormal perfusion, time-intensity curves are different in shape than that of normal tissue. Therefore, this approach might allow the segmentation of pathological regions, and combined with an indicator-dilution analysis might offer new possibilities for characterizing a brain pathology. Magn Reson Med 45:261-268, 2001.
A Linear Programming Approach to the Cutting Stock Problem—Part II (1963)

In this paper, the methods for stock cutting outlined in an earlier paper in this Journal [Opns Res 9, 849–859 (1961)] are extended and adapted to the specific full-scale paper trim problem. The paper describes a new and faster knapsack method, experiments, and formulation changes. The experiments include ones used to evaluate speed-up devices and to explore a connection with integer programming. Other experiments give waste as a function of stock length, examine the effect of multiple stock lengths on waste, and the effect of a cutting knife limitation. The formulation changes discussed are (i) limitation on the number of cutting knives available, (n) balancing of multiple machine usage when orders are being filled from more than one machine, and (m) introduction of a rational objective function when customers' orders are not for fixed amounts, but rather for a range of amounts. The methods developed are also applicable to a variety of cutting problems outside of the paper industry.
Wheat flour starch granule‐size distribution and rheological properties of dough. Part 1. Granulometric analysis of starch (1995)

Abstract The quantitative microscopic method for measuring wheat flour starch granule size, i.e. determination of granule‐size distribution, directly in wheat flour microscopic thin‐section by means of polarisation microscope was described. Wheat flour starch granule‐size distribution was described by application of some granulometric and statistic parameters commonly used in interpretation of granulometric analyses results in sedimentology as well as by parameters of distribution of grouped data (sorting, skewness, kurtosis, mean, mode etc.). A normal, mostly bimodal distribution with platykurtic or leptokurtic positively skewed curves were found. Data show that the investigated qualitatively different wheat flour samples differed as related to applied granulometric and statistic parameters of distribution as well.
Data cracker (2011)

Game analytics is a domain that focuses on the systems and methods used to analyze game-related data. In this paper we present how a visual game analytic tool can be developed to analyze player gameplay behavior. Our tool, Data Cracker, was built for monitoring gameplay in Dead Space 2, the latest game in the Dead Space franchise. We use Data Cracker as a case study to inform a larger discussion of designing a visual game analytic tool while working with a game team. Our design approach focuses on increasing the data literacy of a game team. This means getting an entire team interested and involved with game analytics. We found that building our tool during the early game development cycle, creating multiple early visual prototypes and branding the tool to the Dead Space team caused more team members to become interested in our tool. Increasing interest in analytics is also a means, we argue, for changing the common occurrence within the game industry to disband teams after a game is released. Instead, we promote the creation of "live" teams which stay attached to a game long after it is release in order to continue the analysis process. Additionally, we discuss the barriers one might face when developing game analytic tools, such as prejudice against analytics or the technical issues involved when collecting large data sets. All of these examples are presented as insights we gained while coupling analytic tool design to game development.
Multi-nuclear MRS and<sup>19</sup>F MRI of<sup>19</sup>F-labelled and<sup>10</sup>B-enriched<i>p</i>-boronophenylalanine-fructose complex to optimize boron neutron capture therapy: phantom studies at high magnetic fields (2006)

Reaction yield optimization for the synthesis and the complexation of a boron neutron capture therapy agent (19)F-labelled, (10)B-enriched p-boronophenylalanine-fructose ((19)F-BPA-fr) complex was obtained. (1)H, (19)F, (13)C and (10)B magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the (19)F-BPA-fr complex in aqueous and rat blood solution phantoms and its spatial distribution mapping using (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results are reported. 7 T and 9.4 T magnetic fields were used to perform MRI and MRS respectively. Our in vitro results suggest that in vivo studies on (19)F-BPA through (19)F NMR will be feasible.
Oblique magnetic resonance imaging of normal structures (1985)

Oblique magnetic resonance imaging of normal structuresDJ Huber, E Mueller and P HeubesAudio Available | Share
ClC-5: role in endocytosis in the proximal tubule (2005)

The proper functioning of the Cl(-) channel, ClC-5, is essential for the uptake of low molecular mass proteins through receptor-mediated endocytosis in the proximal tubule. Dent's disease patients with mutant ClC-5 channels and ClC-5 knockout (KO) mice both have low molecular mass proteinuria. To further understand the function of ClC-5, endocytosis was studied in LLC-PK(1) cells and primary cultures of proximal tubule cells from wild-type (WT) and ClC-5 KO kidneys. Endocytosis in the proximal tubule cells from KO mice was reduced compared with that in WT animals. Endocytosis in WT but not in KO cells was inhibited by bafilomycin A-1 and Cl(-) depletion, whereas endocytosis in both WT and KO cells was inhibited by the NHE3 blocker, S3226. Infection with adenovirus containing WT ClC-5 rescued receptor-mediated endocytosis in KO cells, whereas infection with any of the three disease-causing mutants, myc-W22G-ClC-5, myc-S520P-ClC-5, or myc-R704X-ClC-5, did not. WT and the three mutants all trafficked to the apical surface, as assessed by surface biotinylation. WT-ClC-5 and the W22G mutant were internalized similarly, whereas neither the S520P nor the R704X mutants was. These data indicate that ClC-5 is important for Cl(-) and proton pump-mediated endocytosis. However, not all receptor-mediated endocytosis in the proximal tubule is dependent on ClC-5. There is a significant fraction that can be inhibited by an NHE3 blocker. Our data from the mutants suggest that defective targeting and trafficking of mutant ClC-5 to the endosomes are a major determinant in the lack of normal endocytosis in Dent's disease.
In search of the optimum test set - adaptive test methods for maximum defect coverage and lowest test cost (2005)

Maintaining product quality at reasonable test cost in very deep sub-micron process has become a major challenge especially due to multiple manufacturing locations with varying defect and parametric distributions. Increasing vector counts and binary search routines are now necessary for subtle defect screening. In addition, parametric tests and at-spec testing is still often necessary to ensure customer quality. Systematic defects are becoming more common and threaten to dominate the yield Pareto. Adaptive test methods are introduced in This work that demonstrate the capability of increasing or decreasing the test coverage based on the predicted or measured defect and parametric behavior of the silicon being tested. Results promise an increase in product quality at the same time a reduction in test costs.
Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of platinum(II) complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of sodium trans-dihydroxobis(malonato)platinate(IV) hexahydrate and sodium trans-dihydroxobis(oxalato)platinate(IV) hexahydrate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of platinum(II) complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of sodium trans-dihydroxobis(malonato)platinate(IV) hexahydrate and sodium trans-dihydroxobis(oxalato)platinate(IV) hexahydrateS. O. Dunham, R. D. Larsen, and E. H. AbbottCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 10, 2049–2055Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00062a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00062a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
UNDERSTANDING BLACKBIRD SENSORY SYSTEMS AND HOW REPELLENT APPLICATIONS WORK (2003)

We reviewed the learning processes and sensory capabilities of birds, with a special emphasis on chemical repellents and wildlife damage management. Repellents include several methods and devices used to manipulate behavior of birds in attempt to reduce damage or nuisance. Effective applications of chemical repellents to reduce bird damages are dependant upon an adequate understanding of the sensory modalities and modes of animal learning that are affected by a repellent. Chemical repellents can elicit withdrawal from specific or combined sensory stimuli or by producing learned avoidance via association between adverse postingestive effects and specific sensory cues. The application of repellents that elicit responses other than avoidance may result in a continued cycle of destructive sampling behavior and irritative escape. Avoidance is characterized by the discontinued sampling or consumption of foods, and/or the discontinued occupancy of places, previously associated with an aversive stimulus. Thus, an organism exhibits avoidance by wading an aversive event (eg, adverse postingestive effects) and its associated cues ( c g . taste, odor, visual cue) An understanding of how an animal senses and integrates such cues and aversive events is necessary for the development and application of effective repellents. Although the efficacy of chemical repellents has not been comprehensively evaluated, we review recent modeling efforts that have identified the chemical properties of existing and candidate repellents for future applications.
The Space Weather Atmosphere Models and Indices (SWAMI) project: Overview and first results (2020)

Space weather driven atmospheric density variations affect low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites during all phases of their operational lifetime. Rocket launches, re-entry events and space debris are also similarly affected. A better understanding of space weather processes and their impact on atmospheric density is thus critical for satellite operations as well as for safety issues. The Horizon 2020 project Space Weather Atmosphere Model and Indices (SWAMI) project, which started in January 2018, aims to enhance this understanding by: Developing improved neutral atmosphere and thermosphere models, and combining these models to produce a new whole atmosphere model. Developing new geomagnetic activity indices with higher time cadence to enable better representation of thermospheric variability in the models, and improving the forecast of these indices. The project stands out by providing an integrated approach to the satellite neutral environment, in which the main space weather drivers are addressed together with model improvement. The outcomes of SWAMI will provide a pathway to improved space weather services as the project will not only address the science issues, but also the transition of models into operational services. The project aims to develop a unique new whole atmosphere model, by extending and blending the Unified Model (UM), which is the Met Office weather and climate model, and the Drag Temperature Model (DTM), which is a semi-empirical model which covers the 120–1500 km altitude range. A user-focused operational tool for satellite applications shall be developed based on this. In addition, improved geomagnetic indices shall be developed and shall be used in the UM and DTM for enhanced nowcast and forecast capability. In this paper, we report on progress with SWAMI to date. The UM has been extended from its original upper boundary of 85 km to run stably and accurately with a 135 km lid. Developments to the UM radiation scheme to enable accurate performance in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are described. These include addition of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects and extension to include the far ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet. DTM has been re-developed using a more accurate neutral density observation database than has been used in the past. In addition, we describe an algorithm to develop a new version of DTM driven by geomagnetic indices with a 60 minute cadence (denoted Hp60) rather than 3-hourly Kp indices (and corresponding ap indices). The development of the Hp60 index, and the Hp30 and Hp90 indices, which are similar to Hp60 but with 30 minute and 90 minute cadences, respectively, is described, as is the development and testing of neural network and other machine learning methods applied to the forecast of geomagnetic indices.
The expression of p120ctn protein in breast cancer is independent of alpha- and beta-catenin and E-cadherin. (1998)

Several studies have reported loss or alteration of expression of E-cadherin in breast cancer and more recently changes in levels of expression of the catenins. We used immunofluorescence to examine E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and p120ctn (formerly p120CAS) expression in 91 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma. As expected, all four proteins co-localize to the junctional regions of the cells. Although nuclear localization has been described for beta-catenin in colonic polyps, no examples were found in these breast cancer cases. We found that, although alteration is common in the catenins and E-cadherin, complete loss, as exemplified by E-cadherin in lobular carcinoma (where E-cadherin is frequently mutated), is rarely seen. In contrast, the catenin-related protein p120ctn shows an expression pattern that is significantly unrelated to the other catenins (or E-cadherin), including complete loss of expression in approximately 10% of the cases. No statistically significant correlations with traditional prognostic indicators were observed with any of these proteins. We conclude 1) that expression of E-cadherin and alpha- and beta-catenin are generally retained at the membrane although frequently reduced or altered, 2) that complete loss of p120ctn expression is seen in approximately 10% of the cases, and 3) that there is a significant correlation in the expression of E-cadherin and the catenins but no correlation between these molecules and p120ctn, suggesting an absence of coordinate regulation.