gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Food-grade cloning and expression system for Lactococcus lactis (1996)

A versatile set of cloning and expression vectors has been developed for application in self-cloning and other genetic modifications of Lactococcus lactis. The expression vectors were equipped with the controlled and strong lacA promoter of the lactococcal lactose operon. In addition, the transcriptional terminator of the aminopeptidase N gene, pepN, was inserted, which in some cases increased the genetic stabilities of the vectors and the cloned DNA. The small, 0.3-kb lacF gene encoding the soluble carrier enzyme IIALac was used as a dominant selection marker in the plasmid-free L. lactis strain NZ3000 carrying an in-frame deletion of the chromosomal lacF gene. Lactose-utilizing transformants were easily selected on lactose indicator plates at high frequencies and showed a copy number of approximately 50 plasmids per cell. All vectors were stably maintained in the lacF strain NZ3000 when grown on lactose, and only the high-level expression vectors showed some instability when their host was grown on glucose-containing medium. The application potentials of the expression vectors carrying the lacF marker were determined by cloning of the promoterless Escherichia coli gusA reporter gene under control of the lacA promoter followed by analysis of its expression. While in one of the vectors this resulted in a promoter-down mutation in the -10 region of the lacA promoter, in other vectors high-level and controlled expression of the gusA gene was observed.
A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Diclofenac Potassium Soft-Gelatin Capsule in Patients After Bunionectomy (2010)

The clinical utility of diclofenac potassium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, may be lessened by inconsistent gastrointestinal absorption. Diclofenac potassium liquid filled soft-gelatin capsule (DPSGC) is an investigational formulation that uses ProSorb dispersion technology to facilitate rapid and consistent gastrointestinal absorption. In this study, the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of DPSGC are investigated and compared with a commercially available oral diclofenac potassium tablet in patients after primary unilateral first metatarsal bunionectomy. In an open-label, randomized study, 53 patients received ProSorb-D 12.5 mg (the liquid equivalent of DPSGC), DPSGC 25 mg, DPSGC 50 mg, or immediate-release diclofenac potassium 50-mg tablet administered every 8 hours for a 24-hour inpatient period followed by 7 days of outpatient dosing. Diclofenac steady-state PK was evaluated over an 8-hour sampling period 4 days after surgery. Delayed and/or multiple peaks in the diclofenac plasma concentration-time course profiles occurred more frequently with the commercially available oral diclofenac potassium 50-mg tablet than with the other DPSGC formulations. PK data for ProSorb-D 12.5-mg liquid, DPSGC 25 mg, DPSGC 50 mg, and diclofenac potassium 50-mg tablet revealed mean peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 302, 749, 1006, and 902 ng/mL, respectively, whereas area under the plasma concentration curve values were 316, 595, 1029, and 1166 ng-hour/mL, respectively. Mean times to Cmax (tmax) were 0.49, 0.63, 0.95, and 1.26 h, respectively. When compared with absorption characteristics of diclofenac potassium 50-mg tablet, DPSGC was more rapidly and consistently absorbed after bunionectomy. These characteristics should be advantageous when rapid pain relief is desired.
Magnetic filter type plasma source for ground-based simulation of low earth orbit environment (2009)

Simulation of the low Earth orbit (LEO) plasma environment in ground-based vacuum facilities is important for studies of spacecraft interaction with ionospheric plasmas. In this paper we describe the design and performance of a magnetic filter-equipped plasma source. Experimental data collected in the expanding plasma downstream of the source suggest it is a good candidate for use as a LEO plasma simulator in that the expanding plasma has a very low electron temperature and contains streaming ions—the plasma environment encountered by satellites in LEO. Adjustable plasma source operating conditions of flow rate, discharge current and discharge voltage enable production of plasma electron temperatures over the range from 0.17 to 0.35 eV and streaming ion energies over the range from 1 to 4 eV.
Effects of Roughness and Chemical Composition of an Ar Ion-Implanted Fluorine-Polymer on Water Repellency. (2000)

Ion implantation was used to improve the hydrophobicity of a fluorine-polymer (PTFE). The Ar-implanted PTFE is covered with uniform needle-like protuberances that have sharp peaks, separated by a few micrometers.A CF3 structure, which has a very low surface energy, was observed on an ion-implanted surface via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The effects of a modification parameter, an accelerated voltage, and a beam current on the roughness, morphology, and structure of the treated surface were analyzed.The resulting optimally-modified surface is strongly hydrophobic. The contact angle with water increased from an initial 103 to 170 degrees. Spectral analysis of the roughness of the modified surface shows that the contact angle with water depends on the spacing and uniformity of the protuberances.
RF System for "TARN II" (1985)

An rf acceleration system for the INS heavy-ion synchrotron proposal is being developed. The rf characteristics of full-size ferrite toroids have been measured in a test cavity to study tunable frequencies of an rf cavity. It is estimated from the measurement on the ferrite material TDK SY-6 that a single-gap rf cavity based upon two ferrite-loaded quarter-wave coaxial resonators with four turns each of main and supplementary bias windings will give frequencies of 0.71-7.02 MHz for adiabatic capture and of 0.86-8.00 MHz for synchronous capture. RF acceleration parameters and design features of the rf cavity are presented.
T cell activation via CD2 [T, gp50]: the role of accessory cells in activating resting T cells via CD2. (1986)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) GT2 defines a unique epitope on the CD2 molecule. GT2 triggers T cell mitosis in combination with any MAb directed against 9.6/T11(1) or D66, two previously defined CD2 epitopes. We have shown already that accessory cells (AC) are required for plenary T-PBL activation by any pair of Ab directed against D66 + 9.6/T11(1). In this study, we further investigated their role and found it to vary with the anti-CD2 pair used. When purified T-PBL preparation is used, the level of [3H]TdR incorporation observed with anti-(GT2 + 9.6/T11(1)) Ab was not significant; however, it did prove significant, although greatly reduced, with the other anti-CD2 pairs tested. This was due to qualitative differences in the process of T-PBL activation, and the role of AC, because: anti-(GT2 + 9.6/T11(1)) did not induce IL 2-R expression on purified T-PBL, whereas the other anti-CD2 pairs tested did; anti-(GT2 + 9.6/T11(1)) did not induce detectable IL 2 secretion from purified T-PBL, whereas the other anti-CD2 pairs tested induced a low amount; and anti-CDw18 Ab inhibited the mitogenic effect of anti-(GT2 + 9.6/T11(1)) on PBMC by preventing both IL 2-R expression and IL 2 secretion, whereas anti-CDw18 Ab enhanced the mitogenic effect of the other anti-CD2 pairs tested. Paraformaldehyde-fixed AC fully restored, and recombinant IL 1 partially restored purified T-PBL mitosis triggered by all anti-CD2 pairs tested. To induce IL 2 synthesis, the necessity to cross-link anti-CD2 Ab was demonstrated by coupling one Ab on Sepharose beads and adding the second Ab in the soluble phase: under these circumstances, anti-CD2 pairs were mitogenic solely in the presence of AC. These data can be interpreted as follows. Most anti-CD2 pairs require minimal contact between AC and T-PBL to induce plenary levels of IL 2 synthesis. When anti-(GT2 + 9.6/T11(1)) are used, additional contact is necessary, both for IL 2-R expression and IL 2 synthesis, which would include CDw18 for stabilization. We believe these differences could be related to different conformational changes on the CD2 molecule, depending on the epitope on which the antibodies bind, and could account for different signaling to T cells.
5 Commandments [technology laws and rules of thumb] (2003)

There are sublime, silly, real and true laws, and folksy rules of thumb laws that have come up from mathematical observations, pithy pronouncements, and even a few enduring self-fulfilling prophecies about technology. The article discusses how some laws have fared in time. These laws include: Moore's Law - the number of transistors on a chip doubles annually; Rock's Law - the cost of semiconductor tools doubles every four years; Machrone's Law the PC you want to buy will always be $5000; Metcalfe's Law - a network's value grows proportionately to the number of its users squared; and Wirth's Law - software is slowing faster than hardware is accelerating.
Oncostatin M inhibits IL-1-induced expression of IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by synovial and lung fibroblasts (1996)

The role of oncostatin M (OM) in modulating production of cytokines by connective tissue cells is largely unexplored. We have examined the effects of stimulating fibroblast cultures derived from human synovium and from normal lung with OM alone or in combination with IL-1, IL-1 alpha (or IL-1 beta) at 1 or 5 ng/ml, stimulated production of high levels of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), IL-8, and IL-6 protein. At various concentrations (0.1-50 ng/ml), OM alone failed to significantly enhance protein or mRNA levels of GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-6, or G-CSF after 18 h of stimulation. When combined with IL-1 alpha or -beta, OM caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the IL-1-induced level of IL-8 and GM-CSF protein and mRNA expression, whereas IL-6 production was simultaneously enhanced. In contrast, when IL-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor (two other cytokines that share gp130 receptor components with OM) were used in a similar fashion in combination with IL-1 alpha, neither cytokine consistently altered the IL-1-induced levels of IL-8, GM-CSF, or IL-6. In addition, only OM and not IL-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor was able to induce STAT-1 nuclear factor binding to DNA in stimulated fibroblast extracts as measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results suggest that OM can significantly alter cytokine profiles of stimulated fibroblasts and may play a unique role in modulating cytokine production by these cells at sites of inflammation.
Optimal Stable Merging (1995)

This paper shows how to stably merge two sequences A and B of sizes m and n, m ≤ n, respectively, with O(m+n) assignments, O(mlog(n/m+1)) comparisons and using only a constant amount of additional space. This result matches all known lower bounds and closes an open problem posed by Dudzinski and Dydek in 1981. Our algorithm is based on the unstable algorithm of Mannila and Ukkonen. All techniques we use have appeared in the literature in more complicated forms but were never combined together. They are powerful enough to make stable all the existing linear in-place unstable algorithms we are aware of. We also present a stable algorithm that requires a linear number of comparisons and assignments which we consider to be the simplest algorithm for in-place merging.
Quantitative determination of rutin, quercetin, and adenosine in <i>Flos Carthami</i> by capillary electrophoresis (2003)

Abstract A capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the separation and determination of adenosine, rutin, and quercetin in Flos Carthami . The CE separation was achieved using 50 mmol L –1 sodium tetraborate solution (pH 9.7) containing 18% methanol as the running buffer, with an applied voltage of 24 kV and detection at 210 nm. The contents of these constituents in an ethanol‐water extract of Flos Carthami could be easily determined within 45 min. The RSD s of the contents of these constituents were within 5.2% ( n = 5). The contents of adenosine, rutin, and quercetin were determined in Flos Carthami from ten sources. Differences in contents were observed between various sources, which may be attributed to the growth environment of the plant, the time of harvesting, the storage conditions, and the drying process. The current method may serve as a valuable tool for the quality control of Flos Carthami .
Effect of Recombinant Inhibin on Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Rat* (1991)

We investigated the effect of the iv injection of recombinant human (rh) inhibin on FSH and LH secretion in the female rat under various experimental circumstances. Rh inhibin caused dose-related decreases in mean plasma FSH, but not LH, levels in ovariectomized female rats 14 days old and older. The duration of this inhibition was proportional to the dose of rh inhibin, but no consistent changes in FSH secretion were observed until 4 h after treatment. Maximum suppression of FSH release was observed at about 15 micrograms rh inhibin/kg BW and lasted 8-10 h. Measurement of the area under the curve from 4-12 h after injection of inhibin indicated a dose-related decrease in total FSH secreted. When blood samples were withdrawn every 10 min to evaluate pulsatile gonadotropin release, analysis of FSH pulse parameters indicated that rh inhibin (25 micrograms/kg) interfered with pulse frequency, amplitude, and peak levels in both intact and ovariectomized rats. In contrast, pulsatile LH secretion was not measurably altered. These results demonstrate that rh inhibin acts primarily at the level of the pituitary to inhibit all parameters of FSH secretion and suggest that this effect is at least not entirely mediated by changes in GnRH receptors.
PIN1 Inhibition Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses (2014)

Inflammatory responses and osteoclast differentiation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of osteolytic bone diseases such as periodontitis. Although overexpression or inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) offers a possible therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, the role of PIN1 in periodontal disease is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate PIN1 expression in periodontitis patients as well as the effects of PIN1 inhibition by juglone or PIN1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and of PIN1 overexpression using a recombinant adenovirus encoding PIN1 (Ad-PIN1) on the inflammatory response and osteoclastic differentiation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and nicotine-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). PIN1 was up-regulated in chronically inflamed PDLCs from periodontitis patients and in LPS- and nicotine-exposed PDLCs. Inhibition of PIN1 by juglone or knockdown of PIN1 gene expression by siRNA markedly attenuated LPS- and nicotine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, whereas PIN1 overexpression by Ad-PIN1 increased it. LPS- and nicotine-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was blocked by juglone and PIN1 siRNA but increased by Ad-PIN1. Conditioned medium prepared from LPS- and nicotine-treated PDLCs increased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained osteoclasts and osteoclast-specific gene expression. These responses were blocked by PIN1 inhibition and silencing but stimulated by Ad-PIN1. Furthermore, juglone and PIN1 siRNA inhibited LPS- and nicotine-induced osteoclastogenic cytokine expression in PDLCs. This study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 inhibition exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and blocks osteoclastic differentiation in LPS- and nicotine-treated PDLCs. PIN1 inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory osteolysis in periodontal disease.
Enhanced Cytotoxicity in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Primitive Progenitors by the Combined Action of Imatinib and An HDM2-Inhibitor (2008)

Abstract In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) the 9;22 chromosomal translocation and corresponding BCR-ABL protein are present in the most primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitors (Lin−/CD38−/CD34+). These cells are refractory to the effect of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The mechanism of this resistance has not been fully elucidated but is clearly distinct from the mechanism of resistance in the more mature CML cells. The p53 gene is rarely mutated in the chronic phase of CML. BCR-ABL is able to positively affect p53 expression whose potential proapoptotic effect may be balanced by survival signals such as Bcl-XL and Stat signaling. However, BCR-ABL also positively regulates HDM2, the negative regulator of p53, which may be the alternative mechanism of counteracting the induced p53. In an effort to facilitate a cytotoxic effect directed against the refractory CML primitive stem/progenitor cells we elected to explore the role of stabilizing the p53 protein. Accordingly we tested a novel inhibitor of the HDM2-p53 interaction (MI-219; Ascenta), which interferes with unmutated p53 degradation. MI- 219 induced reproducible cytotoxicity in four CML blast-crisis cell lines with intact p53 (WDT2, WDT3, BV173 and BV173R) with an IC50 ~2 microM. The BV173R cell line which has the Imatinib resistant T315I mutation displayed a cytotoxic effect with the MI- 219 equal to its parental BV173 cell line (IC50 ~2 microM). Responses were associated with the induction of p53 protein, its targets p21WAF1 and PUMA, and cleavage of PARP. The K562 cell line with mutated p53 did not respond to MI-219 as expected. MI-219 had a modest cytotoxic effect on magnetically separated (MACS) CD34+ cells from CML patients as a single agent (range of 30–50% cell death at 5 microM MI-219). Nevertheless, MI-219 markedly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of Imatinib on CD34+ cells, while as a single agent Imatinib induced 15–30% apoptosis. However the combination of 2 microM Imatinib and 5 microM MI-219 led to a cytotoxic effect averaging 76.4 ± 10.6% apoptosis. This enhanced cytotoxic effect was further noted in flow cytometrically sorted progenitor (Lin−/CD38+/CD34+) populations (~86.7% apoptosis). This combination equally induced apoptosis in primitive progenitor/stem cells (Lin−/CD38−/CD34+; ~83.0%), despite the minimal affect of each agent when given alone (Imatinib, ~20.8 % apoptosis; MI-219, ~36.9% apoptosis). This cytotoxic effect in primary CML cells was again associated with the induction of p53, p21WAF1, and the cleavage of PARP. Here we demonstrate that an increased level of p53 bypasses T315I associated resistance to Imatinib, and in combination with Imatinib generates a substantial cytotoxic effect in early progenitors, which are otherwise refractory to the effect of either agent alone. Thus these observations propose that the combination of MI-219 an HDM2-inhibitor with Imatinib may facilitate the eradication of minimal residual disease present within the primitive Lin−/CD38−/CD34+ population of CML.
Response to intravenous lidocaine infusion differs based on clinical diagnosis and site of nervous system injury (1993)

We analyzed retrospectively pain relief from an intravenous lidocaine infusion (5 mg/kg/hr for 60 to 90 minutes) in 111 patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. Patients with peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury reported substantially more pain relief than those with central nervous system (CNS) injury or with pain of unknown etiology. These findings suggest that (1) the pathophysiology of chronic pain due to PNS injury is different from that due to CNS injury and idiopathic pain, and that (2) pain due to PNS damage may be suppressible by local anesthetic antiarrhythmic agents.
Application of higher harmonic blade feathering on the OH-6A helicopter for vibration reduction (1986)

The design, implementation, and flight test results of higher harmonic blade feathering for vibration reduction on the OH-6A helicopter are described. The higher harmonic control (HHC) system superimposes fourth harmonic inputs upon the stationary swashplate. These inputs are transformed into 3P, 4P and 5P blade feathering angles. This results in modified blade loads and reduced fuselage vibrations. The primary elements of this adaptive vibration suppression system are: (1) acceleration transducers sensing the vibratory response of the fuselage; (2) a higher harmonic blade pitch actuator system; (3) a flightworthy microcomputer, incorporating the algorithm for reducing vibrations, and (4) a signal conditioning system, interfacing between the sensors, the microcomputer and the HHC actuators. The program consisted of three distinct phases. First, the HHC system was designed and implemented on the MDHC OH-6A helicopter. Then, the open loop, or manual controlled, flight tests were performed, and finally, the closed loop adaptive control system was tested. In 1983, one portion of the closed loop testing was performed, and in 1984, additional closed loop tests were conducted with improved software. With the HHC system engaged, the 4P pilot seat vibration levels were significantly lower than the baseline ON-6A levels. Moreover, the system did not adversely affect blade loads or helicopter performance. In conclusion, this successful proof of concept project demonstrated HHC to be a viable vibration suppression mechanism.
Uncovering the structures of modular polyketide synthases (2014)

The modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multienzyme proteins responsible for the assembly of diverse secondary metabolites of high economic and therapeutic importance. These molecular 'assembly lines' consist of repeated functional units called 'modules' organized into gigantic polypeptides. For several decades, concerted efforts have been made to understand in detail the structure and function of PKSs in order to facilitate genetic engineering of the systems towards the production of polyketide analogues for evaluation as drug leads. Despite this intense activity, it has not yet been possible to solve the crystal structure of a single module, let alone a multimodular subunit. Nonetheless, on the basis of analysis of the structures of modular fragments and the study of the related multienzyme of animal fatty acid synthase (FAS), several models of modular PKS architecture have been proposed. This year, however, the situation has changed - three modular structures have been characterized, not by X-ray crystallography, but by the complementary methods of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. This review aims to compare the cryo-EM structures and SAXS-derived structural models, and to interpret them in the context of previously obtained data and existing architectural proposals. The consequences for genetic engineering of the systems will also be discussed, as well as unresolved questions and future directions.
G Protein Regulation of Disease Resistance During Infection of Rice with Rice Blast Fungus (2005)

When the effects of specific pathogen-produced elicitor compounds on plant cells are recognized by specific plant resistance (R) gene products, a local defense response called the hypersensitive response is triggered. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of defense genes are components of this response. In rice cultivars harboring null mutations in the G protein alpha subunit, RGA1, ROS production and defense gene induction by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and its sphingolipid elicitors are reduced or delayed. These results implicate heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) as important players in plant pathogen response.