gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A realtime implementation of a text independent speaker recognition system (2005)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a realtime speaker recognition system. The system performs text independent, closed set speaker recognition with up to 30 talkers in realtime. In addition, the reference speech used to characterize the 30 talkers can be extracted from as little as 10 seconds of speech from each talker, and the actual recognition performed with less than one minute of speech from the unknown talker. Two speaker recognition algorithms previously developed by Markel and Pfeifer were investigated for use in the realtime system. The results of this investigation clearly show that Markel's technique is superior for applications using very short speech segments for both the speaker models and the recognition trials. Markel's technique was implemented in realtime in a high speed progranmable signal processor. A test of this implementation with a set of 30 male speakers resulted in recognition accuracies of 93-100% for models generated with only 10 seconds of speech, and recognition trials using only 10 seconds of unknown speech.
Comparison between single and two-stage FCC regenerators (1996)

Several fluid bed regenerator designs are used commercially in Resid Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC). These regenerators span the fluidized regimes of bubbling, turbulent, and fast fluidization, and the designs vary significant. Two of the key differences in regenerator design for RFCC units are: single-stage vs. a two-stage fluid bed regenerator, and operation in full vs. partial CO combustion. This paper endeavors to explain the key design and operating differences between these designs and explore their impact on catalyst activity, make-up, and regenerator emissions. A mathematical model used to predict the performance of regeneration systems is discussed and results of model simulations are used for design comparisons.
Effect of Incident Light Illumination Shape on Responsivity of GaAs MESFET Photodetector (1985)

Photoresponsivity of a GaAs MESFET is investigated. By matching the incident light illumination shape to the electrode shape of the device, an improvement of a factor ∼3 in the photoresponsivity was observed. This suggests that the photoresponsivity of GaAs MESFET's is substantially due to a channel current caused by a direct optically-induced modulation of depletion layer.
Framework For A Software-defined Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver For Precision Munitions Applications (2012)

Abstract : Gun-launched munitions rely heavily on the global positioning system (GPS) receivers for position, velocity, and -up-finding-in their guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) systems. These receivers account for substantial cost in the GN&C electronics due to the contractor intellectual property and non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs. Typically, the designs are not optimized for gun-launched munitions, but rather as general purpose receivers for missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, aircraft,man-portable location systems, and vehicles. Due to the high launch dynamics, short time of flight, high spin rate, etc., the general purpose receivers have trouble acquiring and locking on the weak GPS signals. To address these challenges, software algorithms tailored to the flight dynamics can assist in the basic features of the receiver as well as provide jamming and spoofing immunity. In this report, a software-defined radio (SDR) approach is used for the development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. This approach provides an evaluation capability for algorithm development and evaluation that is nearly hardware agnostic.
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator with Concentrated Winding for Small Wind Power Applications (2005)

An axial flux permanent magnet machine, designed to operate as a generator in a small-scale wind-power applications, is described in this paper. The machine is realized by using consecrated stator winding with open slots and surface mounted permanent magnets on rotor disk. Such a novel generator structure is simple to construct and its performance is good; it offers sinusoidal back-emf waveform, low torque ripple and high efficiency. A 1.6 kW prototype machine is constructed and is installed to a pilot power plant. Design results as well as test result for the prototype machine are reported in this paper
<i>In vivo</i> antitumor effect of an intracellular single‐chain antibody fragment against the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus 16 (2013)

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors still represent an urgent problem of public health in spite of the efficacy of the prophylactic HPV vaccines. Specific antibodies in single-chain format expressed as intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) are valid tools to counteract the activity of target proteins. We previously showed that the M2SD intrabody, specific for the E7 oncoprotein of HPV16 and expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of the HPV16-positive SiHa cells, was able to inhibit cell proliferation. Here, we showed by confocal microscopy that M2SD and E7 colocalize in the endoplasmic reticulum of SiHa cells, suggesting that the E7 delocalization mediated by M2SD could account for the anti-proliferative activity of the intrabody. We then tested the M2SD antitumor activity in two mouse models for HPV tumors based respectively on TC-1 and C3 cells. The M2SD intrabody was delivered by retroviral vector to tumor cells before cell injection into C57BL/6 mice. In both models, a marked delay of tumor onset with respect to the controls was observed in all the mice injected with the M2SD-expressing tumor cells and, importantly, a significant percentage of mice remained tumor-free permanently. This is the first in vivo demonstration of the antitumor activity of an intrabody directed towards an HPV oncoprotein. We consider that these results could contribute to the development of new therapeutic molecules based on antibodies in single-chain format, to be employed against the HPV-associated lesions even in combination with other drugs.
Engine Torque Determination by Crankangle Measurements: State of the Art, Future Prospects (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the context of LEV and ULEV, and to improve performances and passenger comfort, the closed loop optimisation of the engine torque is one of the major element of the engine control strategy. To do that, the knowledge of instantaneous engine torque is needed. In this paper, we are looking for economical and reliable methods to estimate the average indicated torque (of each cylinder) during its combustion stroke based on crankangle measurements. These methods use an engine model which must be both simple for ‘on line’ implementation and accurate enough for a good estimation. We will be presenting and discussing the assumptions and the requirement to meet for this determination.</div>
Approach to detect digital image color cast based on image analysis (2004)

In order to overcome the limit of traditional methods of evaluating digital image color errors, a new approach based on image analysis is presented. Meanwhile, the technique of evaluating color errors has been implemented with the approach to enhance the effectiveness, reliability and accuracy of the evaluation. The technique is divided into two phases. Both phases are carried out on a sub-sampled version of the image. And the dominant colors are eliminated in the second phase. On this basis, an experiment has been designed with many images. The comparison of the evaluating results of this technique to that of human shows that the approach proposed is accurate and reliable. An image quality evaluating tool is implemented based on this approach, and has been applied in some factories.
P-CDN: Extending access control capabilities of P2P systems to provide CDN services (2008)

New important emerging business paradigms, such as ldquoservice virtualizationrdquo can be made easy and convenient by the use of P2P systems. In these paradigms, often the owners of the services are different (and independent) from the owners of the resources used to offer such services. In comparison to centralized servers, P2P systems can conveniently offer higher availability and more bandwidth as they harness the computing and network resources of thousands of hosts in a decentralized fashion. Despite these useful features and their success in the research community, P2P systems are still not very popular in the business world. The main reason for such a skepticism is their lack of proper security. In this paper, we address this issue by motivating and explaining the benefits of adding access control in P2P systems to make them more suitable and flexible as a technical platform for providing third party services. We propose an architecture augmented with access control mechanisms to enable content delivery on a P2P system. The proposed architecture is shaped according to CDN requirements. We have also tested the feasibility of our approach with a prototype implementation and the preliminary results show that our system can scale well also in the presence of very large number of policies.
Microencapsulation (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Reasons for Microencapsulation 3. Materials 4. Production 4.1. Phase Separation 4.2. Interfacial and in situ Polymerization 4.3. Spray Drying, Spray Congealing 4.4. Solvent Evaporation Processes 4.5. Coating Processes 5. Other Forms of Microencapsulation 6. Characterization of Microparticles 7. Uses
Will preimplantation genetic diagnosis assist patients with a poor prognosis to achieve pregnancy? (1997)

PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis) of aneuploidy for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21 was carried out on 196 embryos from 36 infertile patients classified with a poor prognosis due to (i) maternal age, (ii) repeated in-vitro fertilization (IVF) failures and (iii) mosaic karyotype. The percentage of abnormal embryos was comparable in the three groups of patients: maternal age 63%, repeated IVF failure 57%, and mosaic karyotype 62%. The analysis of the overall data revealed an increased incidence of abnormal embryos in the older age categories (predominantly due to aneuploidy), even in embryos at the 7- to 8-cell stage. In addition, the percentage of chromosomally abnormal embryos was directly proportional to the number of IVF failures, where the increase in chromosomal abnormalities was not correlated to aneuploidy but to other aberrations such as mosaicism and polyploidy. Following PGD, 28 patients had at least one embryo transferred that appeared normal by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Four clinical pregnancies resulted, with an implantation rate of 10% per normal embryo. In conclusion, the high rate of chromosomally abnormal embryos in poor prognosis patients may have been the cause of implantation failure in their previous IVF cycles. Therefore, the possibility of transferring embryos with a normal FISH complement could improve the chance of pregnancy in this category of patients.
182. Macrocyclic acetylenic compounds. Part I. Cyclotetradeca-1 :3-diyne and related compounds (1959)

G. Eglinton and A. R. Galbraith, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 889 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000889
The agglomeration, coalescence and sliding of nanoparticles, leading to the rapid sintering of zirconia nanoceramics (2017)

Conventional sintering is a time- and energy-consuming process used for the densification of consolidated particles facilitated by atomic diffusion at high temperatures. Nanoparticles, with their increased surface free energy, can promote sintering; however, size reduction also promotes agglomeration, so hampering particle packing and complete densification. Here we show how the ordered agglomeration of zirconia primary crystallites into secondary particle assemblies ensures their homogeneous packing, while also preserving the high surface energy to higher temperatures, increasing the sintering activity. When exposed to intense electromagnetic radiation, providing rapid heating, the assembled crystallites are subjected to further agglomeration, coalescence and sliding, leading to rapid densification in the absence of extensive diffusional processes, cancelling out the grain growth during the initial sintering stages and providing a zirconia nanoceramic in only 2 minutes at 1300 °C.
Characterization of melt‐derived 45S5 and sol‐gel–derived 58S bioactive glasses (2001)

The ability of bioactive glasses to form a bond to living bone and also to stimulate bone-cell proliferation depends on the chemical composition and on the surface texture of the glasses. In this work, the differences in physical properties between the melt-derived 45S5 and sol-gel-derived 58S Bioglass powders of various particle-size ranges were studied. The powders were characterized for particle-size distribution by laser spectrometry, for specific surface area and porosity by nitrogen sorption analysis, and for morphological features by scanning electron microscopy. Melt-derived 45S5 powders exhibited a low-porosity texture with surface area in the range 0.15-2.7 m(2)/g. In contrast, the sol-gel-derived powders exhibited a highly mesoporous texture, with surface area in the range of 126.5-164.7 m(2)/g and a large fraction of 6-9 nm pore sizes. These differences in texture, as well as variations in chemical composition, account for significant changes in the resorption and in vivo responses.
Novel red phosphor of Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Bi<sup>3+</sup> coactivated double tungstates (2009)

Abstract Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ coactivated double‐tungstate phosphors were prepared by the solid‐state reaction technique, and their photoluminescent properties were investigated. No concentration quenching of Eu 3+ was observed in the series samples of NaLa 1– x (WO 4 ) 2 : x Eu 3+ . With the introducing of Bi 3+ ions, the intensities of the excitation and emission of these phosphors were increased. The phosphor NaEu 0.70 (WO 4 ) 2 :0.30Bi 3+ showed a broadened excitation band around 400 nm and intensely red emissions under ∼400 nm light excitation, with the CIE chromaticity coordinates ( x = 0.66, y = 0.34). Hence, the novel phosphor NaEu 0.70 (WO 4 ) 2 :0.30Bi 3+ may find application in the fabrication of near‐UV InGaN‐based LEDs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance (2010)

Diseases caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are responsible for considerable yield loss. Up to now, in rice, the modification of the expression of more than 60 genes from diverse origins has shown beneficial effects with respect to disease resistance. In this paper, we review this large set of data to identify the best genes and strategies to achieve disease resistance by transgenic approaches. Altered expression of genes involved in signal transduction and transcription may lead to many unwanted side effects, like lesion mimic phenotypes. Moreover, modification of resistance to abiotic stress has been neglected and should be carefully examined in the future. Genes like resistance genes and pathogenesis-related genes can confer broad spectrum and high levels of resistance to several pathogens. Preformed expression of defense is often observed but does not necessarily lead to detrimental effects. Although examples of gene pyramiding are scarce, they suggest that this is a very promising strategy. More field evaluation of the transgenic plants is required to draw final conclusions on the usefulness of these genes for improving disease resistance.
Role of cytosolic tyrosine kinase in mediating insulin-like actions of vanadate in rat adipocytes. (1993)

In previous studies we have identified a cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase (CytPTK) in rat adipocytes that is largely activated in vanadate-pretreated cells (Shisheva, A., and Shechter, Y. (1992) FEBS Lett. 300, 93-96). We report here that staurosporine and its analog K-252a are highly potent (ID50 = 3 and 100 nM, respectively) in inhibiting CytPTK activity of crude cell extract or partially purified enzyme preparations. Staurosporine and K-252a were less effective by more than 2 and 1 orders of magnitude, respectively, in inhibiting insulin receptor-catalyzed PolyGlu4Tyr phosphorylation in cell-free experiments. Preincubation of rat adipocytes with either staurosporine or K-252a selectively blocked the action of vanadate in activating glucose incorporation into lipids and its oxidation. Thus, staurosporine inhibited vanadate-stimulated lipogenesis and glucose oxidation (via glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway) in a concentration-dependent manner with ID50 of 75 and 300 nM, respectively. Insulin-stimulated bioeffects were not inhibited at this low range of staurosporine concentration. Staurosporine had no effect on vanadate-stimulated hexose uptake or on vanadate's antilipolytic action. Using staurosporine, we probed those insulinomimetic agents which facilitate their biological activity via the insulin receptor kinase (insulin, wheat germ agglutinin, concanavalin A, and pervanadate) or via CytPTK (vanadate and to a certain degree Mn2+ and Zn2+). These results suggest that (a) vanadate facilitates its insulin-like actions on glucose utilization via the cytosolic tyrosine kinase and (b) this enzyme does not participate in vanadate effects in stimulating hexose uptake and in inhibiting lipolysis. These findings explain further vanadate's post-insulin receptor actions and raise possible application in the management of glucose metabolism in insulin-independent fashion in pathological conditions.
Materials science and fabrication processes for a new MEMS technology based on ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films (2004)

Most MEMS devices are currently based on silicon because of the available surface machining technology. However, Si has poor mechanical and tribological properties which makes it difficult to produce high performance Si based MEMS devices that could work reliably, particularly in harsh environments; diamond, as a superhard material with high mechanical strength, exceptional chemical inertness, outstanding thermal stability and superior tribological performance, could be an ideal material for MEMS. A key challenge for diamond MEMS is the integration of diamond films with other materials. Conventional CVD thin film deposition methods produce diamond films with large grains, high internal stress, poor intergranular adhesion and very rough surfaces, and are consequently ill-suited for MEMS applications. Diamond-like films offer an alternative, but are deposited using physical vapour deposition methods unsuitable for conformal deposition on high aspect ratio features, and generally they do not exhibit the outstanding mechanical properties of diamond. We describe a new ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) film technology based on a microwave plasma technique using argon plasma chemistries that produce UNCD films with morphological and mechanical properties that are ideally suited for producing reliable MEMS devices. We have developed lithographic techniques for the fabrication of UNCD MEMS components, including cantilevers and multilevel devices, acting as precursors to micro-bearings and gears, making UNCD a promising material for the development of high performance MEMS devices. We also review the mechanical, tribological, electronic transport, chemical and biocompatibility properties of UNCD, which make this an ideal material for reliable, long endurance MEMS device use.
An Evaluation of Urea and Dicyandiamide for Milking Cows1 (1956)

Twenty-four lactating dairy cows were used in two 56-day experiments to further evaluate the use of urea and dicyandiamide in the concentrate mixture of milking cows. Urea and dicyandiamide replaced approximately one-third of the nitrogen in a basal ration when soybean oil meal was used as the source of nitrogen. A fourth concentrate ration was included in each experiment which contained one-third less protein than the other rations. Alfalfa hay and corn silage were fed as roughages in Experiment I, and corn silage and timothy-red clover hay were used during Experiment II. During Experiment II all cows were fed below the minimum recommended amount of protein. No significant differences in milk production in either experiment between the four rations were observed. The cows fed the low-protein ration and the ration containing dicyandiamide declined in milk production more than cows fed rations containing either soybean oil meal or urea. No differences in body weight changes or feed consumption were observed. The ration being fed appeared to influence the level of urea nitrogen in both the blood and milk. Cows fed the low-protein and dicyandiamide rations tended to have lower levels of urea nitrogen in both the blood and milk than cows fed the rations containing either soybean oil meal or urea. No significant differences were observed in the digestibility of feed nutrients of the various rations. Evidence was obtained in Experiment II that the addition of non-protein nitrogen to the low-protein ration caused slightly better average utilization of the feed nutrients, but the differences were not significant.
Channeling of neutral particles and photons in crystals (1992)

A review is given of the principles and prospects of directed channeling of neutral particles and photons in perfect crystals and in crystals containing microchannels of arbitrarily small width. It is shown that, in all cases (including a homogeneous lattice), the channeling of x rays and γ rays is accompanied by the modulation of the transverse structure of the wave and by a change in the longitudinal attenuation coefficient. The nontrivial special case of Mössbauer radiation channeling is investigated. A detailed discussion is given of the channeling of neutrons in crystals due to the 'optical' Fermi interaction with lattice nuclei, and the magnetic dipole-dipole and coherent Schwinger interactions in magnetic and nonmagnetic crystals. The effects of spin waves, elastic waves, and domain walls on channeling are examined. A discussion is presented of the possibility of channeling of neutral atoms with internal electromagnetic resonances by the induced-dispersive ordering interaction that takes place when the resonance frequency is equal to a harmonic of the bounce frequency associated with longitudinal motion in the periodic lattice. Experiments on neutron and γ-ray channeling are analyzed.
Maternal Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor during Early Pregnancy (1997)

1. The objectives of the study were: (i) to investigate the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pregnant and non-pregnant women; and (ii) to study the relationship between the levels of maternal serum VEGF and the serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and progesterone during the first trimester. 2. Total immunoreactive VEGF was measured by competitive RIA using recombinant human VEGF165 and a polyclonal antiserum. Serum VEGF was measured in 60 non-pregnant women of childbearing age. These data were compared with serum VEGF measured in 363 women between 41 and 91 days of gestation. 3. The median serum VEGF concentration was 1.10 micrograms/l (interquartile range 0.91-1.30) in the nonpregnant women and 2.13 micrograms/l (interquartile range 1.62-2.77) in the pregnant women. Serum levels of VEGF were significantly higher among the pregnant cohort (P < 0.0001). Serum VEGF concentration was positively correlated with gestational age, increasing until ten completed weeks of pregnancy. Serum VEGF was negatively correlated with maternal height and weight, and positively correlated with serum hCG and serum progesterone (P < or = 0.0001 in all cases). Serum VEGF was lower in the pregnant women who smoked (P = 0.06). 4. Our data show a positive and highly significant correlation between maternal serum levels of VEGF and hormones reflecting placental function (hCG, progesterone). We speculate that VEGF production is increased by progesterone and hCG, and that VEGF has a positive influence on trophoblast development. VEGF may also be involved in the initiation of the maternal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy.