gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against HIV-1 As a Novel Aspect of the Immune Response (2015)

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has the ability to evade the adaptive immune response due to high mutation rates. Soon after the discovery of HIV-1, it was originally proposed that neutralizing of antibodies to the virus occurs rarely or cannot be elicited at all. In the 1990s, there appeared reports that sera of select HIV-1-infected individuals contained antibodies capable of neutralizing different virus subtypes. Such antibodies were named broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Since 2009, the development of new cell technologies has intensified research efforts directed at identifying new bNAbs with a neutralization potency of over 90% of primary HIV-1 isolates. These antibodies have unique characteristics which include high levels of somatic mutations and unusually long variable loops that penetrate through the glycan shield of HIV-1 Env to contact the protein surface. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the latest data on bNAbs against HIV-1 in terms of their interactions with the sites of vulnerability on HIV-1 glycoproteins.
Fas/CD95 prevents autoimmunity independently of lipid raft localization and efficient apoptosis induction (2016)

Mutations affecting the apoptosis-inducing function of the Fas/CD95 TNF-family receptor result in autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease. However, Fas can also costimulate T-cell activation and promote tumour cell growth and metastasis. Palmitoylation at a membrane proximal cysteine residue enables Fas to localize to lipid raft microdomains and induce apoptosis in cell lines. Here, we show that a palmitoylation-defective Fas C194V mutant is defective in inducing apoptosis in primary mouse T cells, B cells and dendritic cells, while retaining the ability to enhance naive T-cell differentiation. Despite inability to efficiently induce cell death, the Fas C194V receptor prevents the lymphoaccumulation and autoimmunity that develops in Fas-deficient mice. These findings indicate that induction of apoptosis through Fas is dependent on receptor palmitoylation in primary immune cells, and Fas may prevent autoimmunity by mechanisms other than inducing apoptosis.
A Hierarchical Deep Learning Natural Language Parser for Fashion (2018)

This work presents a hierarchical deep learning natural language parser for fashion. Our proposal intends not only to recognize fashion-domain entities but also to expose syntactic and morphologic insights. We leverage the usage of an architecture of specialist models, each one for a different task (from parsing to entity recognition). Such architecture renders a hierarchical model able to capture the nuances of the fashion language. The natural language parser is able to deal with textual ambiguities which are left unresolved by our currently existing solution. Our empirical results establish a robust baseline, which justifies the use of hierarchical architectures of deep learning models while opening new research avenues to explore.
Removal of Silicone Oil From Intraocular Lens Using Novel Surgical Materials (2014)

This is the first report of an instrument that can lead to successful removal of SiO from the surface of IOL. In addition to the use of this instrument/material in medicine it can also be used in the industry, for example, retrieval of oil spills from bodies of water.
Denial of service flaws in SDI software-an initial assessment (2003)

The author provides a tutorial and survey into the denial-of-service aspect of computer security. Definitions from existing literature are presented, and several categorizations of potential denial-of-service flaws are provided with examples from actual cases. Methods for providing preventive resistance against denial-of-service threats as well as mechanisms for detection and recovery from denial-of-service flaws are presented. The application of these methods and mechanisms with respect to software developed for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), program is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced tunneling characteristics of PECVD silicon-rich-oxide (SRO) for the application in low voltage flash EEPROM (1996)

High tunneling efficiency is indispensable for the application of low voltage flash EEPROM. In this study the enhanced tunneling characteristics of the thin silicon-rich-oxide (SRO) films deposited using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) as a tunneling injector was first reported. By optimizing the reactant gas ratios of [N/sub 2/O]/[SiH/sub 4/ during SRO deposition, the tunneling voltage of flash EEPROM can be 1/3 lower than that without PECVD SRO films. The significant tunneling efficiency is found to be caused by the micro Si-islands in SRO films. Micro Si-islands in SRO films enhance the electrical field of the tunneling oxide in flash EEPROM. A modified WKB tunneling approximation has been successfully applied to model the SRO tunneling characteristics. The field enhancement factor of SRO is also found to depend on the oxide electrical field, and is proportion to the inverse of oxide electrical field.
Triangulating laser profilometer as a navigational aid for the blind: optical aspects (1996)

We propose a navigational aid approach for the blind that relies on active optical profilometry with real-time electrotactile interfacing on the skin. Here we are concerned with the optical parts of this system. We point out the particular requirements the profilometer must meet to meet the needs of blind people. We show experimentally that an adequate compromise is possible that consists of a compact class I IR laser-diode triangulation profilometer with the following characteristics: 30-cm to 30-m range, 1-deg angular resolution, 20-ms acquisition time per measure of distance, 60° angular scanning field.
Method for suppressing the mirror image in Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (2011)

A method, novel to our knowledge, for effective mirror image suppression in Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography based on a phase shift between neighboring A-mode scans is demonstrated. By realizing that the phase shifts of the real and mirror images are mutually reversed and assuming that the real image intensities of the two successive A-mode scans are the same, we can solve a set of two coupled equations to obtain the real image signals. The images based on the scanning of a high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system are processed to show effective mirror image suppression results. Compared with a similar method of broad application, our approach has the advantages of shorter process time and higher flexibility in selecting the concerned image portions for processing.
Doxorubicin-loaded poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles produced by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization (2000)

ABSTRACT: Doxorubicin-loaded poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization technique. The pH values of the polymerization medium and the weight ratios of doxorubicin to butylcyanoacrylate had a significant effect on the mean particle size. The particle diameter determined by transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly less than 50 nm. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency increased with increasing pH of the medium. The surface tension of the polymerization media increased with increasing polymerization time and reached a plateau after 4 h. Doxorubicin-loaded PBCA NPs carried a positive charge, and the zeta potential of drug-loaded nanoparticles increased with the increase of the polymerization pH. Molecular weight, analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, showed that the nanoparticles mainly consisted of oligomers of PBCA. The release rate of doxorubicin from nanoparticles in biological phosphate buffer was very slow, with a half-life of 111.43 h. The results indicate that drug-loaded nanoparticles can be prepared by an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization technique and that the resulting nanoparticles might be suitable for targeting drug delivery vehicles for clinical application. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 517–526, 2000
Anode-Supported SOFCs with Y2O3-Doped Bi2O3 / Gd2O3-Doped CeO2 Composite Electrolyte Film (2006)

Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with a bilayered yttria-doped bismuth (YDB) and gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) composite electrolyte film were developed. The cell with an YDB∕GDC composite electrolyte film showed an increase of in open-circuit voltage in the operating temperature range of , compared with that with a single GDC electrolyte film . Using Pt as the cathode, the cell with the YDB∕GDC composite electrolyte also showed much lower electrode polarization resistance than that with the single GDC electrolyte and almost the same ohmic resistance as the latter. As a result of the combined effects of these factors, the cell with an YDB∕GDC composite electrolyte can achieve times higher maximum power density than that with a single GDC electrolyte in the operating temperature range of .
Selective hydrogenation of soybean oil: IV. Fatty acid isomers formed with copper catalysts (1969)

Abstract Two samples of soybean oil hydrogenated with copper‐containing catalysts at 170 and 200 C were analyzed for their natural and isomeric fatty acids. Methyl esters of the hydrogenated oils were separated into saturates, monoenes, dienes and trienes by countercurrent distribution between acetonitrile and pentane‐hexane. Monoenes were further separated into cis‐ and trans ‐isomers on a silver‐saturated resin column. Double bond location in these fractions was determined by a microozonolysis‐pyrolysis technique. The diene fraction was separated with an argentation countercurrent distribution method, and linoleate was identified by infrared, ozonolysis and alkaliisomerization data. The double bonds in the cis ‐monoenes were located in the 9‐position almost exclusively. However, the double bonds in the trans ‐monoene were quite scattered with 10‐ and 11‐isomers predominating. About 86% to 92% of the dienes consisted of linoleate as measured by alkali isomerization. Other isomers identified as minor components include cis,trans and trans, trans conjugated dienes and dienes whose double bonds are separated by more than one methylene group.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Pyronaridine in Pediatric Malaria Patients (2015)

Pyramax is a pyronaridine (PYR)-artesunate (PA) combination for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in adult and pediatric patients. A granule formulation of this combination is being developed for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria in pediatric patients. The aims of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of PYR using a total of 1,085 blood PYR concentrations available from 349 malaria patients younger than 16 years of age with mild to moderate uncomplicated malaria and to confirm the dosing regimen for the pediatric granule formulation. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling using NONMEM software was used to obtain the pharmacokinetic and inter- and intraindividual variability parameter estimates. The population pharmacokinetics of PYR were described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Allometric scaling was implemented to address the effect of body weight on clearance and volume parameters. The final parameter estimates of PYR apparent clearance (CL/F), central volume of distribution (V2/F), peripheral volume of distribution (V3/F), intercompartmental clearance (Q/F), and absorption rate constant (Ka) were 377 liters/day, 2,230 liters, 3,230 liters, 804 liters/day and 17.9 day(-1), respectively. Covariate model building conducted using forward addition (P < 0.05) followed by backward elimination (P < 0.001) yielded two significant covariate-parameter relationships, i.e., age on V2/F and formulation on Ka. Evaluation of bootstrapping, visual predictive check, and condition number indicated that the final model displayed satisfactory robustness, predictive power, and stability. Simulations of PYR concentration-time profiles generated from the final model show similar exposures across pediatric weight ranges, supporting the proposed labeling for weight-based dosing of Pyramax granules. (These studies have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00331136 [phase II study] and NCT00541385, NCT00403260, NCT00422084, and NCT00440999 [phase III studies]. The most recent phase III study was registered at pactr.org under registration no. PACTR201105000286876.).
Road and relative ego-state recognition (1992)

A road interpretation module is presented, which is part of a real-time vehicle guidance system for autonomous driving. Based on bifocal computer vision, the complete system is able to drive a vehicle on marked or unmarked roads, to detect obstacle, and to react appropriately. The hardware is a network of 23 transputers, organized in modular clusters. Parallel modules performing image analysis, feature extraction, object modelling, sensor data integration and vehicle control, are organized in hierarchical levels. The road interpretation module is based on the principle of recursive state estimation by Kalman filter techniques. Internal 4D-models of road, vehicle position, and orientation are updated by data, gained by the image-processing module. The system has been implemented on two vehicles (VITA and VaMoRs) and demonstrated in the framework of PROMETHEUS, where the ability of autonomous driving through narrow curves (radius <or=40 m) and of lane changing were shown. Meanwhile the system has been tested on public roads in real traffic situations, driving on a German Autobahn autonomously at speeds up to 85 km/h.<<ETX>>
Highly Reliable Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverters With Leakage Current and Pulsating Power Elimination (2015)

This paper presents a transformerless inverter topology, which is capable of simultaneously solving leakage current and pulsating power issues in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Without adding any additional components to the system, the leakage current caused by the PV-to-ground parasitic capacitance can be bypassed by introducing a common-mode (CM) conducting path to the inverter. The resulting ground leakage current is therefore well controlled to be below the regulation limit. Furthermore, the proposed inverter can also eliminate the well-known double-line-frequency pulsating power that is inherent in single-phase PV systems. By properly injecting CM voltages to the output filter capacitors, the pulsating power can be decoupled from the dc-link. Therefore, it is possible to use long-lifetime film capacitors instead of electrolytic capacitors to improve the reliability of the PV system. The mechanism of leakage current suppression and the closed-loop control of pulsating power decoupling are discussed in this paper in detail. A 500-W prototype was also built and tested in the laboratory, and both simulation and experimental results are finally presented to show the excellent performance of the proposed PV inverter.
Endothelin and the podocyte (2012)

In the past decade, research has advanced our understanding how endothelin contributes to proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies now provide evidence that proteinuric diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy as well as hypertension nephropathy are sensitive to treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). Like blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, ERA treatment-under certain conditions-may even cause disease regression, effects that could be achieved on top of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, suggesting independent therapeutic mechanisms by which ERAs convey nephroprotection. Beneficial effects of ERAs on podocyte function, which is essential to maintain the glomerular filtration barrier, have been identified as one of the key mechanisms by which inhibition of the endothelin ETA receptor ameliorates renal structure and function. In this article, we will review pre-clinical studies demonstrating a causal role for endothelin in proteinuric chronic kidney disease (with a particular focus on functional and structural integrity of podocytes in vitro and in vivo). We will also review the evidence suggesting a therapeutic benefit of ERA treatment on the functional integrity of podocytes in humans.
An execution/sleep scheduling policy for serving an additional job in priority queueing systems (1993)

In a priority-based computer system, besides the regular jobs, an additional job (refereed to as job A ) is invoked infrequently but requires a significant amount of CPU time. To avoid CPU hogging, job A receives (up to) a fixed amount of CPU time whenever it is served. When the time expires, job A immediately relinquishes the CPU and puts itself to sleep for a period of time. By doing so, jobs with low priority may be processed in a timely manner. When the sleep time is over, job A is awakened and waits to resume service according to its priority. Then, the whole process is repeated until job A service is completed. In this paper, such an execution/sleep (ES) scheduling policy is analyzed for serving job A in a nonpreemptive priority queuing system. The Laplace Transforms are derived for: (i) the conditional response time of job A and (ii) the response time for jobs with priorities higher and lower than job A. This work is motivated by the ES policy in a switching system in which job A is invoked in response to the failure of signaling links. The proposed model is applicable to other real-time computer systems, and the modeling techniques can be applied or generalized to analyzing other scheduling policies in which timers are involved.
A 1.5V Multirate Multibit :A Modulator For GSM/WCDMA IN A 9Onm Digital CMOS Process (2005)

A multirate multibit sigma delta modulator structure is used for low power A/D converter design for wireless applications. New integrator structures and a dedicated timing scheme are proposed for a very low power implementation. A dual-mode second order multirate multibit sigma delta modulator targeting GSM/WCDMA applications is designed. In Spice simulations, the prototype design achieves 71.4 dB peak signal-to-noise+distortion (SNDR) in the 200 kHz GSM band and dissipates 1.1 mA of total current from a 1.5 V supply. This dual-mode design also achieves 45.7 dB SNDR in the 1.94 MHz WCDMA band with 1.9 mA of total current consumption.
HPA arrangement method to improve isolation among output ports on a multiport amplifier (1992)

Abstract A multiport amplifier (MPA), which has multiple input and output ports and is composed of an array of high‐power amplifiers (HPAs), is promising as an onboard high‐power amplifier for mobile satellite communications. It is necessary to keep the characteristics of the HP As and other components as uniform as possible to realize the MPA hardware. Since the deviation in characteristics degrades the isolation among the output ports of the MPA and causes signal interference problems, it is important to improve the isolation. An effective MPA configuration and an HPA arrangement to improve the isolation are made clear from the viewpoint that the isolation among the output ports depends on the HPA arrangement when the HPAs have deviation in characteristics. This paper describes the isolation improvement principle and an effective MPA configuration to improve the isolation. Also, proposed is an algorithm to determine the HPA arrangement that optimizes the MPA isolation without affecting the MPA output power. It is shown that almost an optimum HPA arrangement is obtained using the algorithm. The effectiveness is confirmed by experiment.
Persistent photoconductivity in thin undoped GaInP/GaAs quantum wells (1995)

Persistent photoconductivity has been observed at low temperatures in thin, unintentionally doped GaInP/GaAs/GaInP quantum wells. The two-dimensional electron gas was studied by low field Hall and Shubnikov–de Haas effects. After illumination with red light, the electron concentration increased from low 1011 cm−2 to more than 7×1011 cm−2 resulting in an enhancement of both the carrier mobility and the quantum lifetime. The persistent photocarriers cannot be produced by DX-like defects since the shallow dopant concentration in the GaInP layers is too low to produce the observed concentration. We suggest that the persistent carriers are produced by photoionization of deep intrinsic donors in the GaInP barrier layer. We also report observation of a parallel conduction path in GaInP induced by extended illumination.
Motion Vector Optimization Of Control Grid Interpolation And Overlapped Block Motion Compensation Using Iterative Dynamic Programming (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
Current Results From The Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) Program (1993)

The paper continues the status reporting of the ultralightweight flexible blanket, flatpack, foldout solar array testbed wing that was presented at the previous Meeting. The test bed wing has been built and subjected to a variety of critical functional tests after exposure to simulated launch environments.
Lithium triethylborohydride. Exceptionally powerful nucleophile in displacement reactions with organic halides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium triethylborohydride. Exceptionally powerful nucleophile in displacement reactions with organic halidesHerbert C. Brown and S. KrishnamurthyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5, 1669–1671Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00786a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00786a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views981Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts