gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urban sensing based on mobile phone data: approaches, applications, and challenges (2020)

Data volume grows explosively with the proliferation of powerful smartphones and innovative mobile applications. The ability to accurately and extensively monitor and analyze these data is necessary. Much concern in cellular data analysis is related to human beings and their behaviours. Due to the potential value that lies behind these massive data, there have been different proposed approaches for understanding corresponding patterns. To that end, analyzing people's activities, e.g., counting them at fixed locations and tracking them by generating origin-destination matrices is crucial. The former can be used to determine the utilization of assets like roads and city attractions. The latter is valuable when planning transport infrastructure. Such insights allow a government to predict the adoption of new roads, new public transport routes, modification of existing infrastructure, and detection of congestion zones, resulting in more efficient designs and improvement. Smartphone data exploration can help research in various fields, e.g., urban planning, transportation, health care, and business marketing. It can also help organizations in decision making, policy implementation, monitoring, and evaluation at all levels. This work aims to review the methods and techniques that have been implemented to discover knowledge from mobile phone data. We classify these existing methods and present a taxonomy of the related work by discussing their pros and cons.
FTA-ABS test in pregnancy. A probable false-positive reaction (1970)

The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test has gained wide acceptance as the standard by which the diagnosis of syphilis is confirmed and false-positive reactions to reagin tests for syphilis are defined. A probable false-positive reaction to the FTA-ABS test was observed in a patient during pregnancy. This emphasizes the need for continued caution in the interpretation of the results of a single FTA-ABS test without adequate historical and clinical information.
A Descriptive Classification of Causes of Data Quality Problems in Data Warehousing (2010)

Data warehousing is gaining in eminence as organizations become awake of the benefits of decision oriented and business intelligence oriented data bases. However, there is one key stumbling block to the rapid development and implementation of quality data warehouses, specifically that of warehouse data quality issues at various stages of data warehousing. Specifically, problems arise in populating a warehouse with quality data. Over the period of time many researchers have contributed to the data quality issues, but no research has collectively gathered all the causes of data quality problems at all the phases of data warehousing Viz. 1) data sources, 2) data integration &amp; data profiling, 3) Data staging and ETL, 4) data warehouse modeling &amp; schema design. The state-of-the-art purpose of the paper is to identify the reasons for data deficiencies, non-availability or reach ability problems at all the aforementioned stages of data warehousing and to formulate descriptive classification of these causes. We have identified possible set of causes of data quality issues from the extensive literature review and with consultation of the data warehouse practitioners working in renowned IT giants on India. We hope this will help developers &amp; Implementers of warehouse to examine and analyze these issues before moving ahead for data integration and data warehouse solutions for quality decision oriented and business intelligence oriented applications.
Maturation of a Central Glutamatergic Synapse (1996)

Whole-cell recordings from optic tectal neurons in Xenopus tadpoles were used to study the maturation of a glutamatergic synapse. The first glutamatergic transmission is mediated only by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and is silent at resting potentials. More mature synapses acquire transmission by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. This maturational program is mimicked by postsynaptic expression of constitutively active calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Newly formed synapses may be silent unless sufficient depolarization is provided by coincident activity that could activate postsynaptic CaMKII, resulting in the appearance of AMPA responses.
Biophysical characterization of G-protein coupled receptor–peptide ligand bindingThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue entitled CSBMCB 53rd Annual Meeting — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. (2011)

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous membrane proteins allowing intracellular responses to extracellular factors that range from photons of light to small molecules to proteins. Despite extensive exploitation of GPCRs as therapeutic targets, biophysical characterization of GPCR-ligand interactions remains challenging. In this minireview, we focus on techniques that have been successfully used for structural and biophysical characterization of peptide ligands binding to their cognate GPCRs. The techniques reviewed include solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectroscopy and single-molecule fluorescence methods, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy. The goal herein is to provide a cohesive starting point to allow selection of techniques appropriate to the elucidation of a given GPCR-peptide interaction.
ISG56/IFIT1 is primarily responsible for interferon-induced changes to patterns of parainfluenza virus type 5 transcription and protein synthesis (2012)

Interferon (IFN) induces an antiviral state in cells that results in alterations of the patterns and levels of parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) transcripts and proteins. This study reports that IFN-stimulated gene 56/IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (ISG56/IFIT1) is primarily responsible for these effects of IFN. It was shown that treating cells with IFN after infection resulted in an increase in virus transcription but an overall decrease in virus protein synthesis. As there was no obvious decrease in the overall levels of cellular protein synthesis in infected cells treated with IFN, these results suggested that ISG56/IFIT1 selectively inhibits the translation of viral mRNAs. This conclusion was supported by in vitro translation studies. Previous work has shown that ISG56/IFIT1 can restrict the replication of viruses lacking a 2'-O-methyltransferase activity, an enzyme that methylates the 2'-hydroxyl group of ribose sugars in the 5'-cap structures of mRNA. However, the data in the current study strongly suggested that PIV5 mRNAs are methylated at the 2'-hydroxyl group and thus that ISG56/IFIT1 selectively inhibits the translation of PIV5 mRNA by some as yet unrecognized mechanism. It was also shown that ISG56/IFIT1 is primarily responsible for the IFN-induced inhibition of PIV5.
High frame rate screen video coding for screen sharing applications (2014)

In this paper, we propose a high frame rate screen video compression scheme aiming at improving the interactive user experience on screen sharing applications. The proposed screen video compression is performed as two-layer coding: a base layer coding using the conventional video codec and an enhancement layer coding using the proposed open-loop coding scheme. For efficient frame level layer selection and compression, the content update of each frame is evaluated through global motion detection. The screen frame with significant content update is fed to the conventional video encoder in base layer. In contrast, the frame with little update is compressed in enhancement layer in which the duplicate content is indicated by global motion vector and skip flag while the updated content is encoded by distinct intra modes in terms of inherent local features. The experimental results demonstrate that for the screen video containing interaction, the proposed coding scheme can achieve 3.09ms/frame encoding rate and 2.33ms/frame decoding rate with efficient rate distortion performance.
Inactivation of Bacterial Spores by Hydrostatic Pressure (1970)

SUMMARY: Spores of various species of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium were inactivated by hydrostatic pressures up to 8000 atmospheres. Inactivation was a function of holding time at pressure rather than of the compression and decompression stages. Inactivation generally proceeded more rapidly at high than at low temperatures; below about 50° there was a well defined optimum pressure for inactivation, but above about 50° an increase in pressure up to 8000 atmospheres caused progressively more inactivation. Inactivation was decreased at extremes of pH value and by high ionic strength solutions. A proportion of the spores pressurized under certain conditions became heat-sensitive. These observations, and the chemical, phase-contrast, and electron-microscopic changes seen in pressurized spores, suggested that pressure caused inactivation of spores by first initiating germination and then inactivating the germinated forms.
Quantitative PCR Measurement of tRNA 2-Methylthio Modification for Assessing Type 2 Diabetes Risk (2013)

The results point to the critical role of ms(2) modification in T2D and to a potential clinical use of a simple and high-throughput method for assessing T2D risk.
Fibroblast spreading and proliferation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces is related to tyrosine phosphorylation in focal contacts (1996)

Fibroblasts adhesion, spreading, and proliferation was investigated in this study using glass and octadecyl glass (ODS) as models for hydrophobic substrata in the absence or presence of preadsorbed fibronectin (FN). To learn more about the underlying mechanism of the biocompatibility of materials, the organization of the beta 1 integrin and the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in focal contacts was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. The diminished adhesion and spreading of fibroblasts on hydrophobic ODS in comparison to clean glass was indicated by a diffuse presence of actin and by the absence of focal contacts and phosphotyrosine activity. In contrast, on hydrophilic glass, initial stress fibres and focal adhesions appeared accompanied by a moderate phosphotyrosine activity. The preadsorption of FN improved the interaction of fibroblast with both surfaces as indicated by the formation of prominent actin stress fibres and the clusterization of beta 1 integrins in the focal contacts which was co-localized with an increased phosphotyrosine activity. The proliferation of fibroblasts measured after 72 h was inhibited on ODS in comparison to glass. Preadsorption of FN, however, increased the cell proliferation index on both surfaces, which was higher than on pure glass. The improved cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of fibroblasts run in parallel with an increased total tyrosine phosphorylation activity measured by an enzyme immuno assay (EIA). It was concluded that the signalling via integrins might be a decisive event during the cell-biomaterial interaction.
Peak-to-average power ratio and intersymbol interference reduction by nyquist pulse optimization (2005)

The efficiency of a power amplifier is partly determined by the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the modulated signal. Communication systems using high order QAM have large PAPR resulting in low efficiency and a high level of intermodulation distortion. In this paper, we propose a simultaneous minimization of the PAPR of the transmitted signal and the intersymbol interference (ISI) of the demodulated signal based on the optimization of the root raised cosine (RRC) filter. This is performed under spectral requirement constraints using a multivariate optimization technique. It is shown that the use of the proposed filters significantly increases the power amplifier efficiency while preserving the symbol error rate (SER) performance; 1.85 dB of power increase is typically obtained. Alternatively, they may be used to lower the spectral emissions and improve the error probability. The results were measured on a radio to obtain a 7 to 11 dB out of band signal power reduction.
<i>Arabidopsis</i>Nitrate Transporter NRT1.9 Is Important in Phloem Nitrate Transport   (2011)

This study of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1.9 reveals an important function for a NRT1 family member in phloem nitrate transport. Functional analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.9 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Green fluorescent protein and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.9 is a plasma membrane transporter expressed in the companion cells of root phloem. In nrt1.9 mutants, nitrate content in root phloem exudates was decreased, and downward nitrate transport was reduced, suggesting that NRT1.9 may facilitate loading of nitrate into the root phloem and enhance downward nitrate transport in roots. Under high nitrate conditions, the nrt1.9 mutant showed enhanced root-to-shoot nitrate transport and plant growth. We conclude that phloem nitrate transport is facilitated by expression of NRT1.9 in root companion cells. In addition, enhanced root-to-shoot xylem transport of nitrate in nrt1.9 mutants points to a negative correlation between xylem and phloem nitrate transport.
Taxonomy of the Genus Serratia (1977)

One hundred and fifty-six strains of Serratia and related bacteria including representatives of Enterobacter liquefaciens, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia herbicola and Erwinia nimipressuralis were studied using 223 morphological, physiological, biochemical and carbon source utilization tests. The results were subjected to computer analysis. At the 80% similarity level all strains, except two, grouped into eight phenons representing: (A) Serratia marcescens with the neotype CCM303 (ATCCI3880); (B) S. marinorubra with the monotype NCTC10912 (ATCC27614); (CI) S. liquefaciens with the type ATCCI4460; (C2) S. plymuthica with the monotype CCM640 (ATCC183); (D) Erwinia herbicola with the neotype of Enterobacter agglomerans NCTC9381; (E) Enterobacter cloacae with the neotype NCTCI0005 and Erwinia nimipressuralis; (F) Erwinia carotovora with the type ATCC495, Erwinia atroseptica and Erwinia chrysanthemi; (G) Klebsiella mobilis with the neotype NCTCI0006. At the 70% similarity level the phenons formed two groups: (A, B, CI, C2) and (D, E, F, G). The following conclusions were drawn. (I) There are three species of enterobacteria producing prodigiosin: S. marcescens, S. plymuthica and S. marinorubra. (2) There are four species of Serratia, one colourless (S. liquefaciens). (3) Subphenons (biovars) are described within the four species of Serratia. (4) Non-pigmented wild-type strains of S. marcescens can generally be differentiated from pigmented strains by characters other than pigmentation, because subphenons are homogeneous with respect to pigmentation. This survey raised some problems of nomenclature because old descriptions could be found that could loosely fit the present phenons. Comparison with an authentic culture was considered to be the most objective way of identifying these phenons with earlier named species.
Clinical Evaluation of the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test for Rapid Detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Select Nonrespiratory Specimens (2001)

The performance of the Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD; Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated by testing 178 nonrespiratory specimens from 158 patients. Criteria for specimen inclusion were (i) a positive smear for acid-fast bacilli (n = 54) and (ii) the source if the smear was negative (tissue biopsies and aspirates and abscess material were tested; n = 124). Results were compared to those of mycobacterial culture; clinical history was reviewed when MTD and culture results disagreed. Forty-eight specimens (27.0%) were positive for mycobacteria, including 23 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specimens; of which 21 were smear positive. Twenty-five specimens were MTD positive; 20 of these grew M. tuberculosis complex. All of the five MTD-positive, M. tuberculosis complex culture-negative specimens were considered truly positive, based on review of the medical record. Of the three MTD-negative, M. tuberculosis complex culture-positive specimens, two contained inhibitory substances; one of the two was smear positive. Excluding the latter specimen from analysis, after chart review, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the MTD were 92.6, 100, 100, and 98.7%, respectively, by specimen and 89.5, 100, 100, and 98.6% by patient. Given the few smear-negative samples from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in our study, additional similar studies that include more smear-negative, M. tuberculosis complex culture-positive specimens to confirm our data are desirable.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Activities of Six Parenteral Vancomycin Products Available in the United States (2014)

A recent report found that generic parenteral vancomycin products may not have in vivo efficacies equivalent to those of the innovator in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model despite having similar in vitro microbiological activities and murine serum pharmacokinetics. We compared the in vitro and in vivo activities of six of the parenteral vancomycin products available in the United States. The in vitro assessments for the potencies of the vancomycin products included MIC/minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) determinations, quantifying the impact of human and murine serum on the MIC values, and time-kill studies. Also, the potencies of the vancomycin products were quantified with a biological assay, and the human and mouse serum protein binding rates for the vancomycin products were measured. The in vivo studies included dose-ranging experiments with the 6 vancomycin products for three isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. The pharmacokinetics of the vancomycin products were assessed in infected mice by population pharmacokinetic modeling. No differences were seen across the vancomycin products with regard to any in vitro evaluation. Inhibitory sigmoid maximal bacterial kill (Emax) modeling of the relationship between vancomycin dosage and the killing of the bacteria in mice in vivo yielded similar Emax and EC50 (drug exposure driving one-half Emax) values for bacterial killing. Further, there were no differences in the pharmacokinetic clearances of the 6 vancomycin products from infected mice. There were no important pharmacodynamic differences in the in vitro or in vivo activities among the six vancomycin products evaluated.
Inheritance of White Mold Resistance in an Andean Common Bean A 195 and its Relationship with Andean G 122 (2014)

ABSTRACT White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating disease of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in cool and wet production regions of the Americas and elsewhere. Partial resistance is found in common bean, wild bean, and Phaseolus species of the secondary gene pool such as P. coccineus L. The objectives were to determine (i) the inheritance of white mold resistance in a large‐seeded Andean common bean breeding line A 195 in response to contrasting S. sclerotiorum isolates and (ii) the genetic relationship between A 195 and an Andean germplasm accession G 122. White mold resistant (scores ≤ 4) A 195 was crossed with susceptible (scores > 7) pinto ‘Othello’ and resistant G 122. The F 1 and the three parents were inoculated with an aggressive S. sclerotiorum isolate ND710 in 2011. Parents and F 2 from resistant F 1 plants were inoculated with the less aggressive isolate ARS12D at the fifth internode on the main stem and reinoculated (primary branch) with ND710 and evaluated at 35 d in 2012. Two independent complementary dominant genes controlled resistance in the F 2 of A 195/Othello in response to either isolate. There was no segregation in A 195/G 122 F 2 in response to ARS12D. But a single dominant gene controlled the difference in resistance between A 195 and G 122 to ND710. The F 3 results corroborated the F 2 segregation ratios in both populations. This information should help introgress and pyramid higher levels of white mold resistance into common bean cultivars of different market classes.
Line drawings from volume data (2005)

Renderings of volumetric data have become an important data analysis tool for applications ranging from medicine to scientific simulation. We propose a volumetric drawing system that directly extracts sparse linear features, such as silhouettes and suggestive contours, using a temporally coherent seed-and-traverse framework. In contrast to previous methods based on isosurfaces or nonrefractive transparency, producing these drawings requires examining an asymptotically smaller subset of the data, leading to efficiency on large data sets. In addition, the resulting imagery is often more comprehensible than standard rendering styles, since it focuses attention on important features in the data. We test our algorithms on datasets up to 512 3 , demonstrating interactive extraction and rendering of line drawings in a variety of drawing styles.
Implementation of a micro power 15-bit “floating-point” A/D converter (1996)

Micro power A/D converter are required for power sensitive, battery-operated equipment such as hearing aids. This paper overviews the principles of the 15-bit 'floating point' converter and presents its implementation in a low voltage 2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The die area is 1.4 by 1.4 mm and the power consumption 50 /spl mu/W at /spl plusmn/1.25 V and 16 kHz sampling frequency. Measurement showed that the internal noise level is higher then expected resulting in a reduced dynamic range of 13 to 14 bits. Informal listening tests showed a very good speech quality.
Laboratory diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases: new potentials (2005)

Posljednjih godina ostvaren je znacajan napredak u lijecenju nekih lizosomskih bolesti nakupljanja (Gaucherova bolest tipa I., Fabryeva bolest, Mukopolisaharidoza tipa I, Pompeova bolest). U radu se razmatraju mogucnosti pracenja tijeka lijecenja bolesnika na enzimskoj nadomjesnoj terapiji uz pomoc odgovarajucih biljega, kao i nove laboratorijske mpgucnosti novorođenackog probiranjalizosomskih bolesti nakupljanja.