gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reprimanding Sanction,Manage ment Demography and Turnover: Evidence from a Transitional Economy (2013)

The literature shows the importance of top management and board characteristics on firm performance. We extend this literature by examining top management turnover for financially distressed firms. China has a unique sanction rule,which publicly labels financially distressed listed firms to provide the market with a warning signal. Controlling for board characteristics and governance, we evaluate how relational management demography affects turnover of financially distressed firms in China.Our results first show that the demographic characteristics of top management for distressed firms differ from those of normal firms. Second, management turnover is positively related to financial distress. Finally, we show that
Rehabilitation with implant-supported suprastructures at the time of the abutment surgery: a case report. (1995)

This case report describes the clinical and technical placement procedures for single tooth implant-supported restorations at the time of second-stage surgery. After an implant is placed, its position in relationship to the adjoining teeth can be precisely recorded, using an impression coping and a prefabricated individual resin tray. The tray and the impression coping are joined with self-curing resin and then remounted on the master cast to place an implant analog. The modified master cast is used to fabricate the definitive restoration. Following second-stage surgery, an all-ceramic single crown is placed. The periimplant tissues are molded into position by the definitive restoration, and the healing of the periimplant tissues is controlled entirely by the anatomy of the prefabricated definitive restoration. The learning objective of this article is to familiarize clinicians with placement of implant-supported restorations at the time of second-stage surgery. The method is simple and efficient, and it can also be used with one-phase implant system restorations.
Introduction of the Harmonic Distortion Determining Factor and Its Application to Evaluating Real Time PWM Methods. (1995)

Frequency spectra of inverter output currents are one of the important factors to evaluate PWM methods. These spectra are, however, influenced not only by the PWM method itself but by the operating conditions of the inverter such as the switching frequency or load parameters. The harmonic distortion determining factor (HDDF) is considered to be a common quality index that represents the intrinsic spectral property of individual PWM methods. As it has a close relation to RMS values of the harmonic current or torque ripples of driven motors and, further, it is almost independent of the operating conditions, HDDF is quite useful for evaluating PWM methods. In this paper four typical carrier based PWM methods and two space vector based PWM methods are compared and evaluated based on the HDDF values.
Direct digital data capture for sedimentation velocity experifments using UV/VIS optics (2007)

We developed a substitute for the dynography/multiplexer unit of the Beckman Model E Analytical Ultracentrifuge (AUC) consisting of a high-speed analog-to-digital converter and a personal computer. With this combination, we determine directly the intensity of light pulses measured at the photomultiplier. The computer program is written in the C + + programming language under DOS. It measures peak heights, relates them to the cell numbers they belong to, calculates optical densities from sample and reference sector, and displays the optical densities as a function of radius on the computer screen. Thus, it is possible to measure simultaneously all five concentrations that can be carried by the six-hole rotor of the Beckman Model E AUC during one scan. A multiplexer or flash lamp is no longer necessary. After a short description of the method, some general comments on requirements of sedimentation velocity experiments and on noise problems are made. The hardware and software for direct digitizing is presented and a further enhancement is proposed using a high-speed, two-channel recording system and one additional photomultiplier recording the primary intensity.
Simple fusion splicing technique for reducing splicing loss between standard singlemode fibres and erbium-doped fibre (1991)

A simple and practical splicing technique based on the diffusion of core dopant for reducing the coupling loss between standard singlemode fibre and small-core high numerical aperture (NA) erbium-doped fibre using a commercial arc fusion splicer is outlined. Results of coupling between a standard singlemode fibre and an erbium-doped fibre with a core radius of 1.85 μm is presented. Using this technique, an excess loss of less than 0.1 dB was obtained consistently. This represents an significant reduction of splice loss, by about l.8 dB over the conventional splicing method.
The use of video in organizational studies (1989)

In this paper I discuss the use of video in organizational studies, in particular, studies which are characterized by long term observation of a group or organization. These studies are different than many other types of investigation of human behavior in that they occur in uncontrolled circumstances. In the past I've used video for the study of designers at work on specific tasks, including graphic designers and typographers working for periods between an hour and six hours. In each of these cases, all of the activity occurred within the confines of a certain time and in a place where the video was continuously available and in use. In contrast, the work that occurs within an organization happens across a number of people and locations. Interaction happens not only in meeting rooms and at desks, but also in the hallways, at lunch, and in bathrooms, places where video may not always be appropriate or available.
Effect of Fatty Acid Treatment in Cerebral Malaria-Susceptible and Nonsusceptible Strains of Mice (1995)

Cerebral malaria-susceptible (C57BL/6) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) developed low parasitemia and died from typical neurological symptoms between 8 to 10 days after infection. In contrast, nonsusceptible (BALB/c) mice developed high peripheral blood parasitemia and died 22-24 days later without neurological implications. Daily injections of fatty acids (FA) during the first 3 days after infection protected C57BL/6 mice from cerebral symptoms but had no effect on BALB/c mice. Thus, treated C57BL/6 mice developed hyperparasitemia and died 25 days after infection, like BALB/c mice. Red blood cells from C57BL/6 control mice were found to be more resistant to lysis by linoleic acid than those of BALB/c mice. Three days following infection with PbA, these differences disappeared. Treatment with FA prevented these changes. We concluded that the host's cells were altered soon after infection and that the nature and degree of alterations depended on the mouse strain, thus determining the eventual outcome of the infection. Likewise, the effects of FA might not be directed against the parasite but rather seem to act early after infection on these parasite-induced modifications of host cells.
Optimization of Multiplex PCRs (1994)

The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has enabled rapid and efficient analysis of specific DNA sequences (Mullis and Faloona, 1987). Most PCR strategies are designed to amplify one or more target sequences with a single set of oligonucleotide primers. However, many experimental approaches require the analysis of a variety of DNA sequences, which necessitates that multiple PCRs be performed on the same or related DNA templates. Considerable savings of time and effort can be achieved by simultaneously amplifying multiple sequences in a single reaction, a process referred to as multiplex PCR (Chamberlain et al., 1988, Chamberlain et al., 1989).
Separating reflection components of textured surfaces using a single image (2005)

In inhomogeneous objects, highlights are linear combinations of diffuse and specular reflection components. A number of methods have been proposed to separate or decompose these two components. To our knowledge, all methods that use a single input image require explicit color segmentation to deal with multicolored surfaces. Unfortunately, for complex textured images, current color segmentation algorithms are still problematic to segment correctly. Consequently, a method without explicit color segmentation becomes indispensable and this paper presents such a method. The method is based solely on colors, particularly chromaticity, without requiring any geometrical information. One of the basic ideas is to iteratively compare the intensity logarithmic differentiation of an input image and its specular-free image. A specular-free image is an image that has exactly the same geometrical profile as the diffuse component of the input image and that can be generated by shifting each pixel's intensity and maximum chromaticity nonlinearly. Unlike existing methods using a single image, all processes in the proposed method are done locally, involving a maximum of only two neighboring pixels. This local operation is useful for handling textured objects with complex multicolored scenes. Evaluations by comparison with the results of polarizing filters demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Antibody titers to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in Ontario beef cattle. (1982)

Indirect bacterial agglutination titers to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 were determined in serum, thoracic, pericardial, or peritoneal fluid from cattle necropsied as part of the Bruce County Beef Project in 1979-80 and 1980-81. Antibody titers were also assayed in serum from 84 calves on entry to feedlots in the fall of 1979. Titers on entry were low compared to antibody levels at necropsy. Cattle which died with pneumonia, in particular those dying of fibrinous pneumonia (shipping fever), had lower levels of antibody to P. haemolytica than did those dying of other causes.
Two-Layer Multistate Markov Model for Modeling a 1.8 GHz Narrow-Band Wireless Propagation Channel in Urban Taipei City (2005)

An accurate propagation channel model is crucial for evaluating the performance of a communication system. A propagation channel can be described by a Markov model with a finite number of states, each of which is considered to be quasi-stationary over a short period. This work proposes a two-layer multistate Markov model. Instead of a large Markov transition matrix used in a conventional single-layer Markov model, two small Markov transition matrices are employed by a two-layer Markov model to reduce the computational complexity of the model without increasing the memory requirements. The proposed approach characterizes the multiplicative processes of a propagation channel as shadowing and fast fading. Each type of fading is considered as several channel states and each of the states corresponds to a specific mixed Rayleigh-lognormal distribution. Numerical results reveal that the statistical properties of the simulated data are quite close to those obtained from the measurements; indeed, the proposed two-layer Markov model is more accurate and less complex, and requires less memory than the single-layer Markov model. Furthermore, the proposed two-layer Markov model enables the fading statistics and error probability performance of a quadrature phase-shift keying modulation scheme in a typical urban Taipei environment to be more accurately predicted. Besides, it can easily be applied to similar environmental scenarios.
Emoticons vs. Emojis on Twitter: A Causal Inference Approach (2015)

Online writing lacks the non-verbal cues present in face-to-face communication, which provide additional contextual information about the utterance, such as the speaker's intention or affective state. To fill this void, a number of orthographic features, such as emoticons, expressive lengthening, and non-standard punctuation, have become popular in social media services including Twitter and Instagram. Recently, emojis have been introduced to social media, and are increasingly popular. This raises the question of whether these predefined pictographic characters will come to replace earlier orthographic methods of paralinguistic communication. In this abstract, we attempt to shed light on this question, using a matching approach from causal inference to test whether the adoption of emojis causes individual users to employ fewer emoticons in their text on Twitter.
Guest-Dependent Spin Crossover in a Nanoporous Molecular Framework Material (2002)

The nanoporous metal-organic framework Fe2(azpy)4(NCS)4.(guest) (azpy is trans-4,4'-azopyridine) displays reversible uptake and release of guest molecules and contains electronic switching centers that are sensitive to the nature of the sorbed guests. The switching of this material arises from the presence of iron(II) spin crossover centers within the framework lattice, the sorbed phases undergoing "half-spin" crossovers, and the desorbed phase showing no switching property. The interpenetrated framework structure displays a considerable flexibility with guest uptake and release, causing substantial changes in the local geometry of the iron(II) centers. The generation of a host lattice that interacts with exchangeable guest species in a switchable fashion has implications for the generation of previously undeveloped advanced materials with applications in areas such as molecular sensing.
Remote sensing research on monitoring technology of wheat stripe rust (2005)

Remote sensing (RS) has developed into a multi-platform,multi-wave band,multi-resolving rate and all-weather observational technology.We used an ASD fieldspec handheld sensor (made by ASD Company,1990) to measure the reflectance of wheat single leaf infected with wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) and the diseased wheat in the field.Results show that wheat stands with different disease index levels indicated distinctive reflection curves.And single leaves showed diiferences in reflectance according to different levels of disease severity.We found distinct differences in reflectance at 930 nm among different DI level of wheat.We also built a regression model among DI and reflectance of wheat stripe rust in the field:y=-2.517 3x+1.221 7 (R~2=0.948 4,for reflectance,y for DI).Here we combined the development current of remote sensing home and abroad,the actual use of this technology,the mature of 3S and the pervasion of 3S to expatiate the foreground of this application of remote sensing.In conclusion,it is feasible to use hyper-spectral remote sensing technique for real-time monitoring of wheat stripe rust.
Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees (2000)

Hepatitis B viruses (HBV) and related viruses, classified in the Hepadnaviridae family, are found in a wide variety of mammals and birds. Although the chimpanzee has been the primary experimental model of HBV infection, this species has not been considered a natural host for the virus. Retrospective analysis of 13 predominantly wild-caught chimpanzees with chronic HBV infection identified a unique chimpanzee HBV strain in 11 animals. Nucleotide and derived amino acid analysis of the complete HBV genome and the gene coding for the hepatitis B surface antigen (S gene) identified sequence patterns that could be used to reliably identify chimpanzee HBV. This analysis indicated that chimpanzee HBV is distinct from known human HBV genotypes and is closely related to HBVs previously isolated from a chimpanzee, gibbons, gorillas, and orangutans.
Thin heteroepitaxial Si-on-sapphire films grown at 600 °C by reactive ion beam deposition (1988)

Thin low-temperature heteroepitaxial film growth of Si on sapphire (SOS) was investigated by using the reactive ion beam deposition method proposed recently. This method uses low-energy controlled ionized species produced from reactive SiH4 gas plasma. By accommodating the ion energy to two film growth stages, i.e., an initial heteroepitaxial growth stage followed by a homoepitaxial growth stage, thin SOS films about 200 nm in thickness with no superficial microtwins can be grown at the low temperature of 600 °C. The energy level is adjusted to 300 eV in the initial heteroepitaxial film growth stage (about 50 nm in thickness), and then to 100 eV until the total film thickness is about 200 nm.
Fibroblast distribution in the anteromedial bundle of the human anterior cruciate ligament: The presence of α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive cells (1999)

The anterior cruciate ligament is a complex tissue composed of structural proteins, proteoglycans, and cells. The histology of the human anterior cruciate ligament is characterized by the specific distribution and density of the fibroblast phenotype as well as by the unique organization of the structural proteins. A notable finding of this study was the identification of three histologically different zones along the anteromedial bundle as it coursed from the femoral to the tibial attachment. Two of the zones, the fusiform and ovoid, were located in the proximal one-quarter of the bundle; the third zone, the spheroid, occupied the distal three quarters of the bundle fascicles. The fusiform cell zone was characterized by a high number density of longitudinally oriented cells with a fusiform-shaped nucleus, longitudinal blood vessels, and high crimp length. The cytoplasm of the cells in this zone appeared to be intimately attached to the extracellular collagen and followed the crimp waveform of the fibers. Fusiform cells were noted to stain positively for the alpha-smooth muscle actin isoform in this region, particularly at areas of crimp disruption. The ovoid cell zone was characterized by a high number density of cells with an ovoid-shaped nucleus, longitudinal vessels, and a high crimp length. In this zone as well, the cytoplasm of the cells appeared to follow the waveform of the adjacent collagen. Ovoid cells were noted to stain positively for the alpha-smooth muscle actin isoform in this region. The spheroid cell zone was characterized by a low density of spheroid cells, few blood vessels, and short crimp length. Cells were noted within and among fascicles, as well as within lacunae. In selected areas, as many as 50% of the cells in this region stained positively for the alpha-smooth muscle actin isoform. This is also the first report of cells expressing the alpha-smooth muscle actin isoform in the intact human anterior cruciate ligament. This specific type of contractile actin, initially identified only in smooth-muscle cells, pericytes, and myofibroblasts, was seen in cells with various morphologies and predominantly in cells located at areas of crimp disruption. Further work is necessary to elucidate the role of the various fibroblast phenotypes in the maintenance of the human anterior cruciate ligament.
Strand-Separating Activity of Hepatitis C Virus Helicase in the Absence of ATP (2000)

HCV helicase [E(wt)] catalyzed strand separation of a short DNA duplex (F21:HF31) formed from a 5'-hexachlorofluorescein-tagged 31-mer (HF31) and a 3'-fluorescein-tagged 21-mer (F21) complementary to the 5'-end of HF31. Strand separation was monitored by the fluorescence increase associated with the formation of F21 from F21:HF31. In the presence of ATP, the strand-separating activity was catalytic. In the absence of ATP and with E(wt) concentrations greater than that of F21:HF31, a biphasic fluorescence increase was observed at 25 degrees C. The late phase of this reaction was assigned to the separation of F21 from F21:HF31. The ATP-independent strand-separating reaction occurred more rapidly in the absence of Mg(2+) than in its presence. This result correlated with a lower T(m) value of F21:HF31 in the absence of 3.5 mM Mg(2+) than in its presence (45 vs 63 degrees C). The stoichiometry for the strand-separating reaction in the absence of ATP was 8 mol of E(wt) per mole of F21:HF31 separated into single-stranded F21 and HF31. The dissociation constants of HCV helicase for F21, HF31, and F21:HF31 in the absence of Mg(2+) were 0.6 +/- 0.4, 6 +/- 1, and 7.3 +/- 0.9 nM, respectively. Histidinyl-tagged E(wt) [hE(wt)] and a mutant enzyme [hE(V432A)] were prepared. hE(wt) and E(wt) bound F21 and HF31 with similar affinities and had similar ATP-dependent helicase activities, whereas hE(V432A) bound F21 and HF31 with affinities similar to that of E(wt) but had greatly reduced ATP-dependent helicase activities. In contrast to E(wt) and hE(wt), hE(V432A) did not support the ATP-independent strand-separating reaction. Consequently, the ATP-independent strand-separating reaction was not only the result of the high affinity of the enzyme for single-stranded DNA. The enzyme preferentially used duplex DNA with a 3'-tail for the ATP-dependent helicase reaction. In contrast, the enzyme strand-separated blunt-ended, 5'-tailed, and 3'-tailed duplex DNA equally effectively in the ATP-independent strand-separating reaction.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent C. difficile Infection in a Patient with Chronic Refractory Ulcerative Colitis (2015)

Fecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] is a strategy that restores the diversity of the gut microflora, which may confer protection against toxigenic Clostridium difficile infection. FMT holds considerable promise as a therapy for recurrent C. difficile infection [CDI] although randomized controlled trials are lacking.1,2 Conversely, limited efficacy of FMT has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].3 Increasing incidence and severity of CDI in IBD patients has been recently reported and immunomodulator use has been suggested as a major risk factor.4 We report the case of a patient …
Cytosine-adenine repeat polymorphism at calcitonin gene locus associated with serum osteocalcin level in Japanese women. (2006)

Bone mineral density and the serum concentration of osteocalcin are influenced by multiple genetic factors, including hormone and genes. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between the dinucleotide (cytosine (C)-adenine (A)) repeat polymorphism at the calcitonin locus and bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels. Sixty-six healthy Japanese women over 50 years of age were included in this study. The bone mineral density of the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum osteocalcin was measured using an immunoradiometric assay. We isolated DNA from peripheral leukocytes and genotyped the cytosine-adenine repeats at the calcitonin locus using the polymerase chain reaction. We found that bone mineral density was not correlated with the number of cytosine-adenine repeats. However, the circulating osteocalcin level was significantly different among the different cytosine-adenine repeat groups. The osteocalcin level of the 10/17 (C-A) heterozygote group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (p<0.01). The 10/17 (C-A) and 17/17 (C-A) genotypes are common in the Japanese population, and the osteocalcin levels of the 10/17 heterozygotes were significantly lower than those of the 17/17 homozygote (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that the cytosine-adenine repeat at the calcitonin gene locus may be one of the genetic factors that regulate serum osteocalcin levels in Japanese women.
Crenarchaeota in Lake Michigan sediment (1997)

RNA from Lake Michigan sediment was hybridized with a DNA probe for archaeal 16S rRNA. There was a peak of archaeal rRNA abundance in the oxic zone and another immediately below it. Six contributing species were identified by PCR amplification of extracted DNA with primers specific for archaeal rDNA: two related to Methanosarcina acetivorans and four related to marine crenarchaeotal sequences. rRNA quantification using a DNA probe specific for this crenarchaeotal assemblage showed it is most abundant in the oxic zone, where it accounts for about 10% of total archaeal rRNA.