gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Imidazoleglycerolphosphate Dehydratase from Arabidopsis thaliana (1994)

cDNA clones encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (IGPD; EC 4.2.1.19) from Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by complementation of a bacterial auxotroph. The predicted primary translation product shared significant identity with the corresponding sequences from bacteria and fungi. As in yeast, the plant enzyme is monofunctional, lacking the histidinol phosphatase activity present in the Escherichia coli protein. IGPD mRNA was present in major organs at all developmental stages assayed. The Arabidopsis genome appears to contain two genes encoding this enzyme, based on DNA gel blot and polymerase chain reaction analysis.
Endoscopic Palliation of Inoperable Cancer of the Oesophagus or Cardia by Argon Electrocoagulation (1998)

Argon electrocoagulation offers an easy, cheap, and safe alternative to treatment with laser photocoagulation and expandable metal stents.
A recycling culture of Neochloris oleoabundans in a bicarbonate-based integrated carbon capture and algae production system with harvesting by auto-flocculation (2018)

This study proved the feasibility of BICCAPS recycling culture with the first practical example. More importantly, the produced algal biomass can be harvested without any flocculant supplement. Thus, this process can reduce both culturing and harvesting costs in algal biomass production.
Cathepsin D Deficiency Induces Lysosomal Storage with Ceroid Lipofuscin in Mouse CNS Neurons (2000)

Cathepsin D-deficient (CD-/-) mice have been shown to manifest seizures and become blind near the terminal stage [approximately postnatal day (P) 26]. We therefore examined the morphological, immunocytochemical, and biochemical features of CNS tissues of these mice. By electron microscopy, autophagosome/autolysosome-like bodies containing part of the cytoplasm, granular osmiophilic deposits, and fingerprint profiles were demonstrated in the neuronal perikarya of CD-/- mouse brains after P20. Autophagosomes and granular osmiophilic deposits were detected in neurons at P0 but were few in number, whereas they increased in the neuronal perikarya within days after birth. Some large-sized neurons having autophagosome/autolysosome-like bodies in the perikarya appeared in the CNS tissues, especially in the thalamic region and the cerebral cortex, at P17. These lysosomal bodies occupied the perikarya of almost all neurons in CD-/- mouse brains obtained from P23 until the terminal stage. Because these neurons exhibited autofluorescence, it was considered that ceroid lipofuscin may accumulate in lysosomal structures of CD-/- neurons. Subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase was found to accumulate in the lysosomes of neurons, although the activity of tripeptidyl peptidase-I significantly increased in the brain. Moreover, neurons near the terminal stage were often shrunken and possessed irregular nuclei through which small dense chromatin masses were scattered. These results suggest that the CNS neurons in CD-/- mice show a new form of lysosomal accumulation disease with a phenotype resembling neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
A new algorithm for multipath time delay estimation in low SNR using MLE method (2002)

In this paper, we consider the effects of multipath on a white random process which might have originated from an acoustic source in the far field. This process is observed along with a white noise. Maximum likelihood technique (ML) is being used to estimate the time delays caused by a dispersive environment. We also prove that at low SNR, ML technique to estimate time delays corresponds to the technique of minimizing output autocorrelation. Then, we present a new algorithm to obtain time delays using autocorrelation maximization. In this paper, we also perform the algorithm on a wideband signal and remove the effects of multipath.
Monolithic integration of AlGaN/GaN-LiNbO/sub 3/ optical-electronic structures (2004)

We present an innovative technology directed at monolithic integration of GaN electronic devices with lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/) waveguides. GaN FETs have been fabricated for use in systems occupying complete phase and amplitude control and measurement capabilities.
Recovery of a π phase shift in ~12.5 ps in asemiconductor laser amplifier (1995)

Time-resolved interferometry is used to measure the relaxation of an optically induced phase change in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA). A phase change of π recovers in ~12.5 ps. This is proof-of-principle that an interferometric switch using an SLA can be gated at ~80 GHz.
The MKK6/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Is Capable of Inducing SOCS3 Gene Expression and Inhibits IL-6-Induced Transcription (2001)

In this study we show that activation of p38MAPK by IL-6 acts as an inhibitory signal on IL-6-mediated activation of STAT and the alpha2-macroglobulin promoter. We analyzed the role of MKK6/p38MAPK for IL-6 signal transduction and transcriptional activation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 promoter. Pretreatment of cells with the p38MAPK-specific inhibitor SB202190 downregulates the induction of SOCS3-mRNA expression by IL-6. Accordingly, overexpression of a constitutively active MKK6 in HepG2 cells enhanced basal activity or IL-6-induced transcriptional activation of a SOCS3 promoter reporter construct, whereas overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of MKK6 downregulated the IL-6-mediated activation of the SOCS3 promoter. These data indicate that p38MAPK-activation is crucial for IL-6-induced SOCS3 expression and downregulation of IL-6-mediated gene induction.
Physiological effects in aromatherapy (2004)

The effects of aromas on humans are divided into physiological and psychological effects. The physiological effect acts directly on the physical organism, the psychological effect acts via the sense of smell or olfactory system, which in turn may cause a physiological effect. This paper reviews on the physiological effects which are used for the evaluation of the effects of aromas. Physiological parameters, i.e. heart rate blood pressure, electrodermal activity, electroencephalogram, slow potential brain waves (contingent negativevariation), and eye blink rate or pupil functions, are used as indices for the measurement of the aroma effects
Periodic leg movement, sleep fragmentation and central sleep apnoea in two cases: reduction with Clonazepam (1988)

Two subjects presented with periodic leg movement (PLM) syndrome during sleep that was characterized by marked sleep fragmentation and repetitive short central apnoeas. Treatment of PLM using Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties, markedly reduced the sleep fragmentation due to PLM and, despite its depressant properties on the central nervous system, controlled the repetitive central apnoeas. These two observations, although rare, give insight into the role of non-ventilatory variables in the development of sleep apnoea. Significant sleep fragmentation should be considered when assessing factors leading to respiratory instability during sleep and/or the pathophysiology of sleep apnoea syndromes.
Interpretive imaging of seismic data (2001)

An interval velocity field for depth migration derived from Dix conversion of an rms velocity field often is judged to be inaccurate and, consequently, can require an excessive number of iterations to attain a final velocity-depth model with acceptable accuracy. The most likely reason for failing to derive an accurate interval velocity field from Dix conversion is that the input rms velocity field usually is based on velocities estimated from unmigrated data. For instance, a common approach to derive an rms velocity field is to take a set of stacking or DMO velocity functions picked at analysis locations, edit for any outliers, and interpolate them with some lateral and vertical smoothing. The key to an accurate interval velocity field from Dix conversion, however, is to estimate the rms velocity field from prestack time-migrated data—not from unmigrated data. By doing a better initial estimate, you minimize the number of iterations required to derive a final velocity-depth model suitable for accurate imaging in depth. Implicit to the model-building strategy advocated in this paper is doing prestack time migration for earth modeling prior to prestack depth migration for earth imaging in depth.
Developments in stochastic optimization algorithms with gradient approximations based on function measurements (1994)

There has recently been much interest in recursive optimization algorithms that rely on measurements of only the objective function, not requiring measurements of the gradient (or higher derivatives) of the objective function. The algorithms are implemented by forming an approximation to the gradient at each iteration that is based on the function measurements. Such algorithms have the advantage of not requiring detailed modeling information describing the relationship between the parameters to be optimized and the objective function. To properly cope with the noise that generally occurs in the measurements, these algorithms are best placed within a stochastic approximation framework. This paper discusses some of the main contributions to this class of algorithms, beginning in the early 1950s and progressing until now.
Induction of apoptosis in RKO colon cancer cell line by an aqueous extract of Millingtonia hortensis. (2007)

Millingtonia hortensis is an important medicinal plant in Southeast Asia, used for the treatment of asthma, sinusitis and as a cholagogue and tonic. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Millingtonia hortensis on the induction of apoptosis in an RKO human colon cancer cell line. Viability of RKO cells was assessed by MTT reduction assay. The aqueous extract, but not the ethanol extract of M. hortensis inhibited cell growth and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay. Apoptotic cell numbers increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with aqueous extract. DNA ladders were clearly observed in RKO cells treated with 200, 300 and 400 ?g/ml of the aqueous extract of M. hortensis for 48 h. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of M. hortensis inhibited cell proliferation in an RKO colon cancer cell line via the apoptosis pathway.
UVB Photoprotection with Antioxidants: Effects of Oral Therapy with d-α-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on the Minimal Erythema Dose (2002)

Ultraviolet radiation absorption is responsible for the production of free radicals in damaged cells. This side effect may be neutralized using antioxidant substances. It has been reported that ascorbic acid and d-alpha-tocopherol scavenge reactive oxygen species. In a single-blind controlled clinical trial we studied 45 healthy volunteers divided into three groups. Group 1 received d-alpha-tocopherol 1,200 I.U. daily; Group 2 ascorbic acid 2 g daily and Group 3 ascorbic acid 2 g plus d-alpha-tocopherol 1,200 I.U. daily. Treatment was sustained for one week. Before and after treatment, the minimal erythema dose was determined in all participants. The results show that the median minimal erythema dose increased from 60 to 65 mJ/cm2 in Group 1 and from 50 to 70 mJ/cm2 in Group 3. No modifications were observed in Group 2. We conclude that d-alpha-tocopherol prescribed in combination with ascorbic acid produces the best photoprotective effect.
Professional Responsibility for the Pro Se Attorney. (2011)

This Article considers how pro se lawyers should be treated under the law of professional responsibility. While courts have addressed whether various aspects of the law of lawyering should be applied to lawyers acting pro se, they have not done so systematically. The Article first demonstrates that the law is not consistent in its treatment of pro se lawyers. It then argues that a purpose-based approach to the issue provides a consistent, rational, and reproducible way to analyze the question. It concludes that whether a particular rule of professional responsibility should apply to a pro se lawyer should be driven by the rule’s intended beneficiary. If the rule is intended to protect third parties, it should apply to lawyers regardless of whether they are representing clients or appearing pro se; by contrast, a rule that is intended to protect clients should not be applied to pro se lawyers.
Current sensitivity of the Spindt-type field emitter (2002)

The emission current has been found to be strongly dependent on the distance from the tip of an emitter to the gate. The tip height was varied by either adjusting the aluminum lift-off layer thickness, which in turn changes the well diameter during tip deposition or by varying the fabrication process. In this study, the dependence of emission current on tip height for Spindt-type field emitters is investigated over a range varying from below the gate surface to well above the gate surface. The tip height is varied by adjusting the well diameter in the photo mask or the thickness of dielectric layer between the gate and base.
Adult Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Feeder Cells for Human Keratinocytes: New Approaches in Bilayered Skin Replacements (2005)

This study is designed to investigate the growth behaviour of hMSC and keratinocytes as a co-culture on the spongy matrix in contrast to a monoculture. The results suggest that a spongy collagen matrix populated with hMSC has the highest potency in regard to the proliferation of keratinocytes. This approach may be useful in composite tissue engineering for cutaneous wound repair.
Microworlds and mathematics - make a microworld melody (2003)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis article provides step by step instructions to create recognisable melodies using Microworlds melody program. It describes how the program works to create the notes. Through the writing of a program the user can recreate a familiar melody. The program allows the user to include different instruments and rests in the music, as well as the inclusion of a melody gadget which allows the user to hear notes without the programming.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Do "enabling technologies" affect customer performance in price-responsive load programs? (2002)

Price-responsive load (PRL) programs vary significantly in overall design, the complexity of relationships between program administrators, load aggregators, and customers, and the availability of ''enabling technologies''. Enabling technologies include such features as web-based power system and price monitoring, control and dispatch of curtailable loads, communications and information systems links to program participants, availability of interval metering data to customers in near real time, and building/facility/end-use automation and management capabilities. Two state agencies - NYSERDA in New York and the CEC in California - have been conspicuous leaders in the demonstration of demand response (DR) programs utilizing enabling technologies. In partnership with key stakeholders in these two states (e.g., grid operator, state energy agencies, and program administrators), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) surveyed 56 customers who worked with five contractors participating in CEC or NYSERDA-sponsored DR programs. We combined market research and actual load curtailment data when available (i.e., New York) or customer load reduction targets in order to explore the relative importance of contractor's program design features, sophistication of control strategies, and reliance on enabling technologies in predicting customer's ability to deliver load reductions in DR programs targeted to large commercial/industrial customers. We found preliminary evidence that DR enabling technology has a positive effect on load curtailment potential. Many customers indicated that web-based energy information tools were useful for facilitating demand response (e.g., assessing actual performance compared to load reduction contract commitments), that multiple notification channels facilitated timely response, and that support for and use of backup generation allowed customers to achieve significant and ! predictable load curtailment s. We also found that 60-70 percent of the customers relied on manual approaches to implementing load reductions/curtailments, rather than automated load control response. The long-term sustainability of customer load curtailments would be significantly enhanced by automated load response capabilities, such as optimizing EMCS systems to respond to day-ahead energy market prices or load curtailments in response to system emergencies.
Environmentally friendly bacteria? (1994)

The decomposition of organic compounds by bacteria has been studied for almost a century, during which time selective enrichment culture has generated microorganisms capable of metabolizing thousands of organic compounds. But attempts to obtain pure cultures of bacteria that can metabolize highly halogenated compounds, a large and important class of pollutants, have been largely unsuccessful. Polyhalogenated compounds are most frequently metabolized by anaerobic bacteria as a result of reductive dehalogenation reactions, the products of which are typically substrates for bacterial oxygenases. Complete metabolism of polyhalogenated compounds therefore necessitates the sequential use of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Here we combine seven genes encoding two multi-component oxygenases in a single strain of Pseudomonas which as a result metabolizes polyhalogenated compounds by means of sequential reductive and oxidative reactions to yield non-toxic products. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase reduces polyhalogenated compounds, which are bound at the camphor-binding site, under subatmospheric oxygen tensions. We find that these reduction products are oxidizable substrates for toluene dioxygenase. Perhalogenated chlorofluorcarbons also act as substrates for the genetically engineered strain.
Impedance bridges: from Wheatstone to Josephson (2018)

This paper reviews the recent evolution of the measurement techniques in the area of impedance measurement from the Wheatstone bridge to the most advanced Josephson-based digital impedance bridge. The progress in the development of high sampling rate, high accuracy digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters has led to the development of digital impedance bridges that have profoundly modified the landscape of impedance metrology. Although these new bridges do not yet outperform the traditional transformer-based bridge in terms of accuracy, they significantly improve their measurement capabilities and flexibility by allowing a complete automation, a full coverage of the complex plane, arbitrary bridge ratios and extended frequency range. In addition, after the redefinition of the International System of Unit, they will contribute to the realization of the henry and the farad by establishing a direct link between the quantized Hall resistance and the capacitance or inductance standards.
Characterization of Pea Starches in the Presence of Alkali and Borax (2003)

Abstract Refined field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) starches were prepared from air‐classified pea starch by washing or from whole pea by wet milling, and analyzed for their physicochemical and pasting characteristics in the presence of alkali and borax. Commercial corn and high amylose corn starches were included in the study for comparative purposes. The two pea starches exhibited similar physicochemical characteristics. Amylose content markedly influenced pasting and other characteristics of the corn starches. Pea starch and high amylose corn starch exhibited little viscosity development during pasting in deionized water. The presence of alkali or borax significantly altered the peak viscosities and cold paste stabilities of all four starches in a concentration dependent manner. Alkali and borax increased peak and cold paste viscosity and reduced syneresis in all cases.
Deep Feature-preserving Normal Estimation for Point Cloud Filtering (2020)

Point cloud filtering, the main bottleneck of which is removing noise (outliers) while preserving geometric features, is a fundamental problem in 3D field. The two-step schemes involving normal estimation and position update have been shown to produce promising results. Nevertheless, the current normal estimation methods including optimization ones and deep learning ones, often either have limited automation or cannot preserve sharp features. In this paper, we propose a novel feature-preserving normal estimation method for point cloud filtering with preserving geometric features. It is a learning method and thus achieves automatic prediction for normals. For training phase, we first generate patch based samples which are then fed to a classification network to classify feature and non-feature points. We finally train the samples of feature and non-feature points separately, to achieve decent results. Regarding testing, given a noisy point cloud, its normals can be automatically estimated. For further point cloud filtering, we iterate the above normal estimation and a current position update algorithm for a few times. Various experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art normal estimation methods and point cloud filtering techniques, in terms of both quality and quantity.
Dehydration of multilamellar fatty acid membranes: Towards a computational model of the stratum corneum (2014)

The level of hydration controls the cohesion between apposed lamellae of saturated free fatty acids found in the lipid matrix of stratum corneum, the outermost layer of mammalian skin. This multilamellar lipid matrix is highly impermeable to water and ions, so that the local hydration shell of its fatty acids may not always be in equilibrium with the acidity and relative humidity, which significantly change over a course of days during skin growth. The homeostasis of the stratum corneum at each moment of its growth likely requires a balance between two factors, which affect in opposite ways the diffusion of hydrophilic species through the stratum corneum: (i) an increase in water order as the lipid lamellae come in closer contact, and (ii) a decrease in water order as the fraction of charged fatty acids is lowered by pH. Herein molecular dynamics simulations are employed to estimate the impact of both effects on water molecules confined between lamellae of fatty acids. Under conditions where membrane undulations are energetically favorable, the charged fatty acids are able to sequester cations around points of contact between lamellae that are fully dehydrated, while essentially maintaining a multilamellar structure for the entire system. This observation suggests that the undulations of the fatty acid lamellae control the diffusion of hydrophilic species through the water phase by altering the positional and rotational order of water molecules in the embedded/occluded "droplets."
Polarization from dielectric-barrier discharges in ferroelectrets: Mapping of the electric-field profiles by means of thermal-pulse tomography (2010)

A polymer-ferroelectret system is fabricated by attaching two uniform polycarbonate films to a grid produced from double-sided adhesive tape by means of computer-controlled laser cutting. The openings of the grid structure result in well-defined voids inside the three-layer system, which can be internally charged through dielectric barrier discharges. The negatively charged internal void surfaces can be made visible by means of xerographical toner, and the electric-field distribution inside such ferroelectrets can be studied with thermal-pulse tomography. Both techniques exhibit polarization patterns that are consistent with the grid structure. Possible reasons for the observed non-uniform charge distributions are discussed.