gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tourism and development of the tourist resources in Urumqi, China. (2001)

Urumqi is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the center of polities, economy, culture, and information, a hub of communications, and geographically a city in the central area of Asia. Urumqi is the central city of Xinjiang's tourism, possesses a vast market of tourist sources, and is a reception center of both domestic and foreign tourists and a radiating center of touring lines. During the development of tourism in Urumqi, the tourist resources should be regarded as the basis and the market should be set as the leading direction. The main developing areas include the Bogda Peak Glacial Park, west and east scenic spots in South Mountain, central scenic spot of Asia, Shuimogou scenic spot, scenic spot of Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains, Dabancheng scenic spots, and Moon Platform scenic spot. It is considered that the precursor is to develop the Bogda Peak Glacial Park, central scenic spot of Asia, and the two skiing resorts in south Mountain, then to perfect the construction of the west and east scenic spots in South Mountain so as to increase the new economic motive power and promote an overall development of tourism in Xinjiang.
Network authentication protocol based on McroPayment protocol (2009)

Millicent is a excellent micropayment protocol, its script is similar to the ticket of Kerberos protocol. So it can simplify Millicent protocol according to Kerberos protocol. It constructs a new authentication based on micropayment, absorbed Kerberos authentication idea. In the new authentication protocol, there are four symmetrical encryptions and two hashing functions, so authentication efficiency were highly improved. It can solve some simple ID authentication problem, such as Intranet, and so on.
Overexpression of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and Rice stress genes’ inducible transcription factor confers drought and salinity tolerance to rice (2012)

Rice yield is greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought and salinity. In response to the challenge of producing rice plants tolerant to these stresses, we introduced cDNA encoding the transcription factors DREB1A and DREB1B under the control of the stress inducible rd29 promoter. Two different indica rice cultivars were used, BR29, an improved commercially cultivated variety from Bangladesh and IR68899B, an IRRI bred maintainer line for hybrid rice. Agrobacterium mediated transformation of BR29 was done independently with DREB1A isolated from rice and Arabidopsis and DREB1B isolated from rice, whereas biolistic transformation was done with rice- DREB1B in the case of IR68899B. Initial genetic integration was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Salinity tolerance was assayed in very young seedlings. Drought stress tests were found to be more reliable when they were carried out at the pre-flowering booting stage. RNA gel blot analysis as well as quantitative PCR analysis was performed to estimate the transcription level under stressed and unstressed conditions. Agronomic performance studies were done with stressed and unstressed plants to compare the yield losses due to dehydration and salt loading stresses. Noticeably enhanced tolerance to dehydration was observed in the plants transformed with DREB1A isolated from Arabidopsis while DREB1B was found to be more effective for salt tolerance.
MDM2 Oncogene as a Novel Target for Human Cancer Therapy (2000)

The MDM2 oncogene was first cloned as an amplified gene on a murine double-minute chromosome in the 3T3DM cell line, a spontaneously transformed derivative of BALB/c 3T3 cells. The MDM2 oncogene has now been shown to be amplified or overexpressed in many human cancers. It also has been suggested that MDM2 levels are associated with poor prognosis of several human cancers. The most exciting finding is the MDM2-p53 autoregulatory feedback loop that regulates the function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The MDM2 gene is a target for direct transcriptional activation by p53, and the MDM2 protein is a negative regulator of p53. The MDM2 oncoprotein binds to the p53 protein, inhibiting p53 functions as a transcription factor and inducing p53 degradation. The p53 tumor suppressor has an important role in cancer therapy, with p53-mediated cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis being major mechanisms of action for many clinically used cancer chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Therefore, the MDM2-p53 interaction may be a target for cancer therapy. In addition, the negative regulation of p53 by MDM2 may limit the magnitude of p53 activation by DNA damaging agents, thereby limiting their therapeutic effectiveness. If the MDM2 feed-back inhibition of p53 is interrupted, a significant increase in functional p53 levels will increase p53-mediated therapeutic effectiveness. Several approaches have now been tested using this strategy, including polypeptides targeted to MDM2-p53 binding domain and antisense oligonucleotides that specifically inhibit MDM2 expression. In addition to the interaction with p53, the MDM2 protein has been found to have interactions with other cellular proteins such as pRb and E2F-1. Although the exact function and significance of these interactions are not fully understood, the p53-independent functions of MDM2 may have a role in cancer etiology and progression, indicating that the MDM2 oncogene is a potential molecular target for cancer therapy.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Azidomethylene Inhibitors Targeting Cysteine Proteases (2008)

An efficient strategy for the solid-phase synthesis of azidomethylene inhibitors targeting cysteine proteases is described. The method is highlighted by its compatibility with readily available building blocks, as well as its ability to accommodate different functional groups. A 249-member library has thus far been successfully synthesized, characterized, and screened against Caspase-1, -3 and -7.
Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Mechanism of Mannitol Dehydrogenase from <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (1999)

To characterize catalysis by NAD-dependent long-chain mannitol 2-dehydrogenases (MDHs), the recombinant wild-type MDH from Pseudomonas fluorescens was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The enzyme is a functional monomer of 54 kDa, which does not contain Zn(2+) and has B-type stereospecificity with respect to hydride transfer from NADH. Analysis of initial velocity patterns together with product and substrate inhibition patterns and comparison of primary deuterium isotope effects on the apparent kinetic parameters, (D)k(cat), (D)(k(cat)/K(NADH)), and (D)(k(cat)/K(fructose)), show that MDH has an ordered kinetic mechanism at pH 8.2 in which NADH adds before D-fructose, and D-mannitol and NAD are released in that order. Isomerization of E-NAD to a form which interacts with D-mannitol nonproductively or dissociation of NAD from the binary complex after isomerization is the slowest step (>/=110 s(-)(1)) in D-fructose reduction at pH 8.2. Release of NADH from E-NADH (32 s(-)(1)) is the major rate-limiting step in mannitol oxidation at this pH. At the pH optimum for D-fructose reduction (pH 7.0), the rate of hydride transfer contributes significantly to rate limitation of the catalytic cascade and the overall reaction. (D)(k(cat)/K(fructose)) decreases from 2.57 at pH 7.0 to a value of </=1 above pH 9.6, corresponding to the pK of 9.34 observed in the pH profile of k(cat)/K(fructose). Therefore, hydride transfer is not pH-dependent, and D-fructose is not sticky at pH 7.0. A comparison of the kinetic data of MDH and mammalian sorbitol dehydrogenase, presumably involved in detoxification metabolism, is used to point out a physiological function of MDH in the oxidation of D-mannitol with high specificity and fluxional efficiency under prevailing reaction conditions in vivo.
High voltage RF generator and compensation network for a FFT ion trap mass spectrometer (2017)

In this work we present two electronic key components to operate a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Radio frequency high voltage generation is mandatory to create a trapping field. Our trap works in the Fourier transform mode, consequently very small induction currents have to be detected from the ion motion. Since interference signals from the storage voltage are many orders of magnitude higher than the detection signal, a sophisticated compensation circuit is required at the amplification stage.
FPGA implementation of a pulse density neural network using simultaneous perturbation (2000)

We describe a FPGA implementation of a pulse density neural network circuit with learning ability. We adopt the simultaneous perturbation method as a learning rule of the implementation. The learning rule requires only twice forward operations of networks. Thus, without a complicated circuit that calculates gradients of an error function, we implemented the network system with learning ability. We designed a pulse density neural network using VHDL. Based on the design, FPGA system is fabricated. We confirmed simulation results of this implementation through the exclusive OR problem and simple function learning problem.
Müllerian inhibiting substance: New perspectives and future directions (1993)

MIS, as a differentiate and antiproliferative agent, is precisely regulated, for example, at the transcriptional level by such transacting factors as SRY, and posttranslationally by testosterone. Processing of MIS most likely requires an as yet unknown in vivo protease which probably serves to control cleavage of MIS and hence its activation at specific sites wherein a localized program of cell death is initiated via a receptor mediated event. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular domains of MIS; current efforts are focused on characterizing the wild type MIS receptor as well as cloning and expressing the MIS receptor. We need now to understand how to target and efficiently activate MIS at its projected site of action. We must focus, after structural analysis of its receptor, on elucidating the MIS initiated intracellular signals which result in localized cell inhibition. Understanding of these mechanisms will permit design of antitumor agents and therapeutic strategies. Similarly, understanding regulation of MIS expression may lead to therapeutic induction of expression in those states where depressed expression is associated with tumorigenesis, sexual ambiguity, or infertility.
Controlled neck compression in neurosurgery (1985)

Bilateral compression of the jugular veins to raise temporarily cerebral venous pressure, is a manoeuvre recommended frequently in the immediate management of venous air embolism during neurosurgery. One method of compressing the neck veins is to inflate a pneumatic cuff secured around the neck with adhesive tape. This method of neck vein compression had been assessed in upright anaesthetised sheep and found to be an easily controlled and efficient way to raise the cerebral venous pressure. Advantages, dangers and potential problems associated with the use of an inflatable cuff in the clinical situation are discussed.
A Statistical Thermodynamic Model of the Protein Ensemble (2006)

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas MedicalBranch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1068, Department of Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218,Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710Received April 11, 2005
Structure-Activity Relationships in Defensin Dimers (2004)

Defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides that have a characteristic six-cysteine motif and are important components of the innate immune system. We recently described a beta-defensin-related peptide (Defr1) that had potent antimicrobial activity despite having only five cysteines. Here we report a relationship between the structure and activity of Defr1 through a comparative study with its six cysteine-containing analogue (Defr1 Y5C). Against a panel of pathogens, we found that oxidized Defr1 had significantly higher activity than its reduced form and the oxidized and reduced forms of Defr1 Y5C. Furthermore, Defr1 displayed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of 150 mm NaCl, whereas Defr1 Y5C was inactive. By using nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, we observed Defr1 and Defr1 Y5C dimers. Two complementary fragmentation techniques (collision-induced dissociation and electron capture dissociation) revealed that Defr1 Y5C dimers form by noncovalent, weak association of monomers that contain three intramolecular disulfide bonds. In contrast, Defr1 dimers are resistant to collision-induced dissociation and are only dissociated into monomers by reduction using electron capture. This is indicative of Defr1 dimerization being mediated by an intermolecular disulfide bond. Proteolysis and peptide mass mapping revealed that Defr1 Y5C monomers have beta-defensin disulfide bond connectivity, whereas oxidized Defr1 is a complex mixture of dimeric isoforms with as yet unknown inter- and intramolecular connectivities. Each isoform contains one intermolecular and four intramolecular disulfide bonds, but because we were unable to resolve the isoforms by reverse phase chromatography, we could not assign each isoform with a specific antimicrobial activity. We conclude that the enhanced activity and stability of this mixture of Defr1 dimeric isoforms are due to the presence of an intermolecular disulfide bond. This first description of a covalently cross-linked member of the defensin family provides further evidence that the antimicrobial activity of a defensin is linked to its ability to form stable higher order structures.
Bright and Stable CdSe/CdS@SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Suitable for Long-Term Cell Labeling (2014)

We report on the synthesis of luminescent CdSe/CdS@SiO2 nanoparticles and their application to cell labeling. The main novelty of these nanoparticles is the use of newly developed "flash" CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs), which are obtained through a new fast and efficient synthesis method recently reported. These core-shell QDs are encapsulated in silica nanoparticles through a water-in-oil microemulsion process, resulting in CdSe/CdS@SiO2 nanoparticles with good morphology and controlled architecture. The main asset of these luminescent nanoparticles is their high photoluminescent quantum yield, which is equal to that of the original CdSe/CdS QDs and remains unchanged even after several months of storage in water. Thanks to the remarkable stability of their optical property in aqueous environment and to their low levels of toxicity, the high potential of these nanoparticles for long-term cell labeling is demonstrated.
New ECC for Crosstalk Impact Minimization (2005)

Signal integrity in high-speed bus designs is put at risk by crosstalk-related bus delays. This article provides a comprehensive study of the usefulness of error correcting code (ECC) redundancy in reducing such delays. It shows that Dual Rail codes perform better at this task than Hamming codes. We describe the modification of DR code that offers some distinct advantages.
The Toxicity of Smoke From Polymeric Materials During Thermal Decomposition (1985)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
The research center for ultra‐high voltage electron microscopy at Osaka University (1989)

High-voltage electron microscopy has shown itself advantageous for the study of natural science, including biology, but especially for materials science. The most important advantage for materials science is for in situ experiments about the detailed processes of the phenomena that occur in bulk materials. The present paper is mainly concerned with several types of in situ experiments that have been carried out in the Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University. The following subjects have been studied: a) fundamental problems, such as the conditions necessary for in situ experiments, functional features of specimen treatment devices, and the effects of electron irradiation; b) the dislocation behavior of crystals under various conditions; c) high-temperature behavior of refractory materials, mainly ceramic composites; d) new applications of electron irradiation effects, such as amorphization of crystalline materials and electron-irradiation-induced foreign-atom implantation; e) environment-matter interaction, mainly chemical amorphization of alloys; and f) future trends of the in situ experiment, such as combinations with Auger valency electron spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy.
Performance modeling and simulation of inquiry-response computer applications using VSATs (1990)

The authors present a model to characterize the performance of transaction-oriented applications over a communications satellite channel or an integrated terrestrial-satellite network using very small aperture terminals (VSATs) operating through a centralized hub earth station. The terrestrial access takes place through the polling technique using a bit-oriented data-link protocol. The satellite access may be either contention-based such as slotted ALOHA, or dedicated such as SCPC (single channel per carrier) or TDMA (time division multiple access) in the VSAT-hub direction and TDM (time division multiplexing) in the hub-VSAT direction. Simulation results are reported for a number of cases of practical interest. The results are applicable to the SDLC/SNA (synchronous data link control/System Network Architecture) environment and closely approximate the HDLC (high-level data link control) or X.25 protocol environment. Further, the impact of various system parameters on the network response time is evaluated. It is shown that, through protocol spoofing, a number of cluster controllers connected to a VSAT through multidrop lines at the speed of 9.6 kb/s or higher can communicate to a front-end processor connected through 56 kb/s or higher terrestrial links to a hub station. A network response time of less than 2 s can be achieved if speed on multidrop lines from the cluster controller unit to the VSAT is larger than 19.2 kb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spike-timing dependent plasticity in a transistor-selected resistive switching memory (2013)

In a neural network, neuron computation is achieved through the summation of input signals fed by synaptic connections. The synaptic activity (weight) is dictated by the synchronous firing of neurons, inducing potentiation/depression of the synaptic connection. This learning function can be supported by the resistive switching memory (RRAM), which changes its resistance depending on the amplitude, the pulse width and the bias polarity of the applied signal. This work shows a new synapse circuit comprising a MOS transistor as a selector and a RRAM as a variable resistance, displaying spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) similar to the one originally experienced in biological neural networks. We demonstrate long-term potentiation and long-term depression by simulations with an analytical model of resistive switching. Finally, the experimental demonstration of the new STDP scheme is presented.
Adducts between the carcinogen 2-acetamidophenanthrene and adenine and guanine of DNA. (1975)

The sulfate and acetate esters of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetamidophenanthrene attack calf thymus DNA in vitro to yield adducts of 2-acetamidophenanthrene with guanine and adenine in the DNA. These adducts were found to be 8-(N-2-phenanthrylacetamido)deoxyguanosine and N6-1-(2-acetamidophenanthryl)deoxyadenosine, respectively. These reactions, and the already known reactions of esters of N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene, together with Hückel molecular orbital calculations, suggest that the relative tendencies of a series of N-aryl-N-acetylnitrenium ions to react with adenine and guanine may be predicted.
Alteration of Ca2+ permeability and sensitivity to Mg2+ and channel blockers by a single amino acid substitution in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. (1993)

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays an important role in glutamate-mediated neuronal plasticity and neurotoxicity in the central nervous system. This receptor is composed of a fundamental subunit (NMDAR1) and its potentiating subunits (NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D). The NMDA receptor is distinct from other glutamate receptor channels because of its high Ca2+ permeability and inhibition by selective cationic channel blockers such as Mg2+, Zn2+, and MK-801. In this study, we investigated the structural features that control Ca2+ permeation and channel blockade of the NMDA receptor by in vitro mutagenesis and expression in Xenopus oocytes. We constructed a series of mutations with single amino acid substitutions in the second transmembrane segment of NMDAR1 and examined channel properties of the resultant mutants in combined expression with the NMDAR2A subunit. Substitution of the asparagine with either glutamine or arginine altered both the Ca2+ permeability and the sensitivity to blockades by Mg2+ and MK-801. These mutations also reduced the inhibitory effects of Zn2+ and an antidepressant, desipramine. Based on these results, we concluded that an asparagine ring formed in the central part of the channel-forming second transmembrane segments plays a critical role in determining the Ca2+ permeability and the inhibition of open channel blockers.
Single‐Crystalline Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoribbons: Photocatalytic, Photoconductive, and Electrochemical Properties (2009)

Large-scale, high-purity and uniform alpha-MoO(3) nanoribbons have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route without employing surfactants or templates. The as-prepared alpha-MoO(3) nanoribbons were up to several micrometers in length, 100 nm in width, 15-20 nm in thickness, and grew along the [001] direction. The obtained nanoribbons exhibited a quantum size effect in optical properties, showing a blue shift of the band gap and direct transitions compared with the values of bulk MoO(3). The nanoribbons also showed superior photocatalytic ability in the photodegradation reaction of an aqueous solution of Rhodamine B under visible light. Furthermore, the as-prepared alpha-MoO(3) materials exhibited linear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and excellent photoresponse. As the light source was switched on and off, the currents could be reversibly switched between high and low value at the voltage of 0.1 V. Electrochemical measurements predicted that the alpha-MoO(3)/carbon fiber modified microelectrode would display excellent electrochemical characters and high sensitivity toward neurotransmitter dopamine. The modified electrode was also quite stable and had good reproducibility, which might have application in the electrochemical analysis.