gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Promotes β-(INS-1) Cell Survival via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Mediated Caspase-3 Inhibition and Regulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (2003)

The incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a major regulator of postprandial insulin secretion in mammals. Recent studies in our laboratory, and others have suggested that GIP is a potent stimulus for protein kinase activation, including the MAPK (ERK1/2) module. Based on these studies, we hypothesized that GIP could regulate cell fate and sought to examine the underlying mechanisms involved in GIP stimulation of cell survival. GIP potentiated glucose-induced beta-(INS-1)-cell growth to levels comparable with GH and GLP-1 while promoting cell survival in the face of serum and glucose-deprivation or treatment with wortmannin or streptozotocin. In the absence of GIP, 50% of cells died after 48 h of serum and glucose withdrawal, whereas 91 +/- 10% of cells remained viable in the presence of GIP [n = 3, P < 0.05; EC50 of 1.24 +/- 0.48 nm GIP (n = 4)]. Effects of GIP on cell survival and inhibition of caspase-3 were mimicked by forskolin, but pharmacological experiments excluded roles for MAPK kinase (Mek)1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase A, Epac, and Rap 1. Survival effects of GIP were ablated by the inhibitor SB202190, indicating a role for p38 MAPK. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity was also regulated by p38 MAPK, with a lesser role for Mek1/2, based on RNA interference studies. We propose that GIP is able to reverse caspase-3 activation via inhibition of long-term p38 MAPK phosphorylation in response to glucose deprivation (+/-wortmannin). Intriguingly, these findings contrasted with short-term phosphorylation of MKK3/6-->p38 MAPK-->ATF-2 by GIP. Thus, these data suggest that GIP is able to regulate INS-1 cell survival by dynamic control of p38 MAPK phosphorylation via cAMP signaling and lend further support to the notion that GIP regulation of MAPK signaling is critical for its regulation of cell fate.
The Design and Development of the MR-510 Arcjet Power Conditioning Unit (1998)

PRIMEX Aerospace Company's MR-510 hydrazine arcjet system has been successfully flight qualified for use on Lockheed Martin Corporation's A2100™ communication satellite bus and is currently flying on six spacecraft. The MR-510 arcjet power conditioning unit (PCU) is a key element of this system. It provides the required high voltage start pulse and conditioned power to four 2 kW arcjet thrusters (operated two at a time) for north/south station keeping orbit maneuvers. The PCU draws up to 4.4 kW of power from the satellite's power bus and provides the command and telemetry interface utilizing a bidirectional serial data bus. The MR-510 arcjet PCU utilizes an N+l redundancy and cross strapping topology. This topology allows one PCU to perform the same functions that required four separate PCUs on previously developed arcjet systems, resulting in an overall reduced weight. A description of the PCU design is provided along with a review of the qualification test sequence and results. On-orbit performance on the first four A2100™ satellites has been nominal, with all indicators pointing to operation of the MR-510 arcjet system as designed and tested.
Measurement of power consumption of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) (2016)

The purpose of the project was to measure the power consumption of Bluetooth low energy (BLE). The main goal of the project was to study the possibility of using the BLE with the power generated by various energy harvesters to create Internet of Things (IoT). This paper also contains some theoretical research on various energy harvesting systems.\nThe project was carried out with nRF51422 Development Kit and nRF-Software Develop-ment Kit version 11 developed by Nordic Semiconductors. The BLE embedded in the devel-opment kit was used to measure the power consumption under different circumstances. The BLE device goes through various phases due to its protocol stack and consumes various amounts of power at each stage. Although the power consumption level is at its peak while the BLE stack is transmitting or receiving, the total power consumption is calculated as the average of various stages.\nAs a result, power consumption of the BLE was measured under different conditions and life expectancy of the energy source, supplied to run the BLE, was calculated. The calculations were studied to find out the feasibility of the BLE on the IoT.
Wireless Information-Theoretic Security - Part I: Theoretical Aspects (2006)

In this two-part paper, we consider the transmission of confidential data over wireless wiretap channels. The first part presents an information-theoretic problem formulation in which two legitimate partners communicate over a quasi-static fading channel and an eavesdropper observes their transmissions through another independent quasi-static fading channel. We define the secrecy capacity in terms of outage probability and provide a complete characterization of the maximum transmission rate at which the eavesdropper is unable to decode any information. In sharp contrast with known results for Gaussian wiretap channels (without feedback), our contribution shows that in the presence of fading information-theoretic security is achievable even when the eavesdropper has a better average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the legitimate receiver - fading thus turns out to be a friend and not a foe. The issue of imperfect channel state information is also addressed. Practical schemes for wireless information-theoretic security are presented in Part II, which in some cases comes close to the secrecy capacity limits given in this paper.
Development of pervaporation membrane for volatile organic chemical removal. (1996)

Pervaporation is a membrane based process which overcomes many of the deficiencies of current technologies for the removal/recovery of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from aqueous streams. In this process, VOCs from a liquid stream are driven across a permselective membrane and exit as a vapor due to the vacuum maintained in the downstream side of the membrane. Proven hydrophobic membranes used for pervaporation today suffer from limitations of mechanical stability, while membranes with superior mechanical characteristics do not possess sufficient selectivity to be useful for these applications. To overcome these limitations surface modifying macromolecules (SMMs) have been used as additives in the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes, which inherently have good mechanical characteristics but are intrinsically hydrophilic. This approach produced membranes with high hydrophobicity (based on contact angles), which were expected to be permselective to VOCs, like chloroform. This thesis investigates the impact of PES/SMM membrane preparation parameters on the reported separation of chloroform from aqueous solutions via pervaporation. These parameters include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) addition levels, solution mixing period, solution age and membrane age. A chemical analysis of the permeate revealed that the permeate contained ethanol but virtually no chloroform. Permeate ethanol concentrations were higher with fresh membranes and decreased both with membrane age and period of use. This indicates that ethanol which was used during the solvent exchange drying step of membrane preparation, was being leached from the membrane. It was concluded that there was in fact no enrichment of chloroform in the permeate as reported earlier and that the surface hydrophobicity introduced was insufficient to dominate over the intrinsic bulk hydrophilic characteristics of the PES membranes. These findings indicate a need to reevaluate the levels of SMM addition and the process parameters to develop a sufficiently dominant hydrophobic surface layer.
Practical implementation of a planar micro-optic solar concentrator (2012)

CPV optics typically have multiple discrete apertures which each focus sunlight directly onto an associated PV cell. Waveguide based CPV systems instead couple light from multiple small apertures through a shared slab waveguide, avoiding individual optical alignment and electrical connection of multiple PV cells. We previously demonstrated the design and fabrication of a planar micro-optic waveguide concentrator, where incoming sunlight is focused through millimeter pitch lenslets onto mirrored micro-prisms which couple light into a slab waveguide toward common PV cells. This enables an efficient high concentrator system with a compact geometry. However, this design has the typical CPV limitation of low angular acceptance, requiring precise two-axis large-scale mechanical tracking. Here, we present the results of a design study to adapt the planar micro-optic design for use in combination with a one-dimensional mechanical tracker, tilted at latitude, to provide azimuthal alignment and altitude bias. Lateral mechanical micro-tracking can accommodate the residual altitude misalignment. The design shows that this relatively simple system can still provide over 72% annual optical efficiency for a 50x concentrator. Replacing the micro-tracking with passive optical altitude alignment further reduces system complexity, but also reduces efficiency. These waveguide based concentrators have primarily been designed for use with photovoltaic cells, which are index matched onto the waveguide either directly, or through output couplers. For concentrating solar power systems, sunlight is focused onto thermally isolated devices which can not be in direct contact. We will also present alternative output coupler designs, which allow extraction of light from the waveguide to an air or vacuum isolated coupler. The loss associated with these couplers is substantially identical to the reflection losses of one additional mirror.
A New Isotonic Irrigating Solution for use in Transurethral Surgery (1968)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1968A New Isotonic Irrigating Solution for use in Transurethral Surgery Gerald P. Murphy Gerald P. MurphyGerald P. Murphy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)62481-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "A New Isotonic Irrigating Solution for use in Transurethral Surgery." The Journal of Urology, 100(1), pp. 88–89 © 1968 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 100Issue 1July 1968Page: 88-89 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1968 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Gerald P. Murphy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Retreatment of chronic hepatitis C in previous non-responders and relapsers (2007)

Therapy for chronic hepatitis C has improved dramatically over the past 20 years. Unfortunately, approximately 50% of those treated do not have a durable response to therapy. Non-responders and relapsers after previous interferon-based therapy are particularly challenging with regard to clinical management. This article provides a general overview of the treatment of hepatitis C and reviews present data regarding management of patients with chronic hepatitis C who are non-responders or relapsers after previous treatment. The review ends with the authors' opinion regarding present management of non-responders and relapsers and future emerging therapies.
Semantic enrichment of DNOTAMs to reduce information overload in pilot briefings (2016)

Pre-Flight Information Briefings (PIBs) provide current Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) information to pilots prior to a flight. Pilots suffer from information overload as PIBs offer limited structuring possibilities. In this paper, we present a system for semantic enrichment of Digital NOTAMs (DNOTAMs) which has been developed in cooperation with pilots and aeronautical experts. Semantic enrichments can be used to provide additional structuring possibilities. We introduce classifications of DNOTAMs based on their importance, their location and flight phase, and their event scenario. Further, several ranking strategies are described which allow to rank a set of DNOTAMs with respect to spatial or temporal properties. DNOTAM visualization tools can utilize these enrichments to improve visualization of NOTAM information which can help to reduce information overload.
[Influence of insulin on human leukemia cell proliferation]. (2011)

As a hormone with a number of biological effects, insulin not only displays the function of classic metabolic regulation, but also can regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and ensure growth and development of embryos and young individuals. In vitro insulin can stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Insulin is also an important growth regulator in vivo, which has been proved in more and more studies. The role of insulin at the cellular level is triggered by the binding of insulin to its receptor located in the cell surface. However, insulin at the higher concentration can also been triggered by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor. Its role varies in different cell lines. Insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 are widely expressed in human MDS and AML cell membranes. Recently, many studies related to the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and cancer have been reported. In this review the role and its possible mechanism in promoting human leukemia cell proliferation and inhibiting human leukemia cell proliferation are summarized. Furthermore, the potential application prospect of insulin analogues also will be described.
SK4 Ca <sup>2+</sup> activated K <sup>+</sup> channel is a critical player in cardiac pacemaker derived from human embryonic stem cells (2013)

Proper expression and function of the cardiac pacemaker is a critical feature of heart physiology. Two main mechanisms have been proposed: (i) the "voltage-clock," where the hyperpolarization-activated funny current If causes diastolic depolarization that triggers action potential cycling; and (ii) the "Ca(2+) clock," where cyclical release of Ca(2+) from Ca(2+) stores depolarizes the membrane during diastole via activation of the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger. Nonetheless, these mechanisms remain controversial. Here, we used human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) to study their autonomous beating mechanisms. Combined current- and voltage-clamp recordings from the same cell showed the so-called "voltage and Ca(2+) clock" pacemaker mechanisms to operate in a mutually exclusive fashion in different cell populations, but also to coexist in other cells. Blocking the "voltage or Ca(2+) clock" produced a similar depolarization of the maximal diastolic potential (MDP) that culminated by cessation of action potentials, suggesting that they converge to a common pacemaker component. Using patch-clamp recording, real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry, we identified a previously unrecognized Ca(2+)-activated intermediate K(+) conductance (IK(Ca), KCa3.1, or SK4) in young and old stage-derived hESC-CMs. IK(Ca) inhibition produced MDP depolarization and pacemaker suppression. By shaping the MDP driving force and exquisitely balancing inward currents during diastolic depolarization, IK(Ca) appears to play a crucial role in human embryonic cardiac automaticity.
Loss of insulin response to glucose but not arginine during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/W rats: relationships to islet volume and glucose transport rate. (1986)

The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM glucose and 10 mM arginine were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant BB/W rats at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in diabetic BB/W rats on the 1st and 14th days of their diabetes. In the former group the insulin response to glucose declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched diabetes-resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to arginine did not decline with age in either group. For diabetic rats, on the first day of the diabetes, the insulin response to glucose was absent but the response to arginine did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to glucose and arginine were both absent. The glucagon response to arginine showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic diabetes-prone rats made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old diabetes-resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In diabetic rats on the 1st and 14th days of diabetes endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The glucose transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of diabetes was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic diabetes-prone controls. Thus, a population of arginine-responsive, glucose-unresponsive islets with low glucose transport rates is present at the onset of overt diabetes in BB/W rats.
Spinal cord stimulation for central pain (2003)

Deaprtment of Neurosciences, Molinette Hospital, Via Morazzone 46, 10132 Turin, Italy ∗Corresponding author. Fax: +39–11–8193–776 E-mail: [email protected]
Cyp7b, a novel brain cytochrome P450, catalyzes the synthesis of neurosteroids 7α-hydroxy dehydroepiandrosterone and 7α-hydroxy pregnenolone (1997)

Steroids produced locally in brain (neurosteroids), including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), influence cognition and behavior. We previously described a novel cytochrome P450, Cyp7b, strongly expressed in rat and mouse brain, particularly in hippocampus. Cyp7b is most similar to steroidogenic P450s and potentially could play a role in neurosteroid metabolism. To examine the catalytic activity of the enzyme mouse Cyp7b cDNA was introduced into a vaccinia virus vector. Extracts from cells infected with the recombinant showed NADPH-dependent conversion of DHEA (Km, 13.6 microM) and pregnenolone (Km, 4.0 microM) to slower migrating forms on thin layer chromatography. The expressed enzyme was less active against 25-hydroxycholesterol, 17beta-estradiol and 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol, with low to undetectable activity against progesterone, corticosterone, and testosterone. On gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of the Cyp7b metabolite of DHEA the retention time and fragmentation patterns were identical to those obtained with authentic 7alpha-hydroxy DHEA. The reaction product also comigrated on thin layer chromatography with 7alpha-hydroxy DHEA but not with 7beta-hydroxy DHEA; when [7alpha-3H]pregnenolone was incubated with Cyp7b extracts the extent of release of radioactivity into the medium suggested that hydroxylation was preferentially at the 7alpha position. Brain extracts also efficiently liberated tritium from [7alpha-3H]pregnenolone and converted DHEA to a product with a chromatographic mobility indistinguishable from 7alpha-hydroxy DHEA. We conclude that Cyp7b is a 7alpha-hydroxylase participating in the synthesis, in brain, of neurosteroids 7alpha-hydroxy DHEA, and 7alpha-hydroxy pregnenolone.
Debugging using MD5 process firewall (2014)

An Operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources by providing services to computer programs. One of the important user expectations of the operating system is to provide the practice of defending information from unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. Operating system is always vulnerable to the attacks of malwares such as computer virus, worm, Trojan horse, backdoors, ransomware, spyware, adware, scareware and more. And so the anti-virus software were created for ensuring security against the prominent computer viruses by applying a dictionary based approach. The anti-virus programs are not always guaranteed to provide security against the new viruses proliferating every day. To clarify this issue and to secure the computer system, our proposed expert system concentrates on authorizing the processes as wanted and unwanted by the administrator for execution. The Expert system maintains a database which consists of hash code of the processes which are to be allowed. These hash codes are generated using MD5 message-digest algorithm which is a widely used cryptographic hash function. The administrator approves the wanted processes that are to be executed in the client in a Local Area Network by implementing Client-Server architecture and only the processes that match with the processes in the database table will be executed by which many malicious processes are restricted from infecting the operating system. The add-on advantage of this proposed Expert system is that it limits CPU usage and minimizes resource utilization. Thus data and information security is ensured by our system along with increased performance of the operating system.
R‐spondin‐mediated <scp>WNT</scp> signaling potentiation in mammary and breast cancer development (2020)

The mammary gland is a secretory organ, which develops as a network of growing epithelial ducts composed of luminal and basal cells that invade the surrounding adipose tissue through a series of developmental cycles. Mammary stem cells (MaSCs) maintain an accurate tissue homeostasis, and their proliferation and cell fate determination are regulated by multiple hormones and local factors. The WNT pathway plays a critical role in controlling the enormous tissue expansion and remodeling during mammary gland development through the maintenance and differentiation of MaSCs, and its deregulation has been implicated in breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression. The R-spondins (RSPOs) are four secreted proteins that strongly enhance target cell sensitivity to WNT ligands. Moreover, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) 4-6 are considered obligate high-affinity receptors for RSPOs and have been described as stem cell markers. Importantly, elevated RSPO expression has been recently identified in several tumor types from patients, including BC, and it has been reported that they play a significant role in mammary tumor progression in experimental models. In this review, exploring our present knowledge, we summarize the role of the RSPO-LGR axis as a WNT-enhancing signaling cascade in the MaSC compartment and during the normal and neoplastic mammary gland development. In addition, we include an updated expression profile of the RSPOs and their action mediators at the cell membrane, the LGRs, and the ubiquitin-ligases ZNRF3/RNF43, in different BC subtypes. Finally and based on these data, we discuss the significance of tumor-associated alterations of these proteins and their potential use as molecular targets for detection and treatment of BC.
Code-Change Impact Analysis Using Counterfactuals (2011)

In this paper we present a framework for what-if analysis of programs based on Lewis' theory of counterfactuals. The framework can be used to statically perform change impact analysis for source code. It enables us to verify assertions about a changed version of the program without actually incorporating the changes. We present a logical calculus that precisely characterizes structural modifications to source code and their impact on the behavior of the program.