gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech Characteristics in Depression (1991)

This study examined the relationship between speech characteristics and psychopathology throughout the course of affective disturbances. Our sample comprised 20 depressive, hospitalized patients who had been selected according to the following criteria: (1) first admission; (2) long-term patient; (3) early entry into study; (4) late entry into study; (5) low scorer; (6) high scorer, and (7) distinct retarded-depressive symptomatology. Since our principal goal was to model the course of affective disturbances in terms of speech parameters, a total of 6 repeated measurements had been carried out over a 2-week period, including 3 different psychopathological instruments and speech recordings from automatic speech as well as from reading out loud. It turned out that neither applicability nor efficiency of single-parameter models depend in any way on the given, clinically defined subgroups. On the other hand, however, no significant differences between the clinically defined subgroups showed up with regard to basic speech parameters, except for the fact that low scorers seemed to take their time when producing utterances (this in contrast to all other patients who, on the average, had a considerably shorter recording time). As to the relationship between psychopathology and speech parameters over time, we found significant correlations: (1) in 60% of cases between the apathic syndrome and energy/dynamics; (2) in 50% of cases between the retarded-depressive syndrome and energy/dynamics; (3) in 45% of cases between the apathic syndrome and mean vocal pitch, and (4) in 71% of low scores between the somatic-depressive syndrome and time duration of pauses. All in all, single parameter models turned out to cover only specific aspects of the individual courses of affective disturbances, thus speaking against a simple approach which applies in general.
Compton scatter compensation using the triple-energy window method for single- and dual-isotope SPECT. (1993)

The spatial distribution of scattered photons varies depending on many factors such as object size and source distribution. We propose a triple-energy window (TEW) scatter compensation method for determining position-dependent Compton scatter. We estimated the count of primary photons at each pixel in the acquired image using the 24% main window centered at the photo peak energy and 3 keV scatter rejection windows on both sides of the main window. We conducted a physical evaluation of this method using phantoms and also applied this method to patients in a clinical trial. The TEW method performed Compton scatter compensation with good accuracy.
Development of an experiment for determining the autoignition characteristics of aircraft-type fuels (1977)

An experimental test apparatus was developed to determine the autoignition characteristics of aircraft-type fuels in premixing prevaporizing passages at elevated temperatures and pressures. The experiment was designed to permit independent variation and evaluation of the experimental variables of pressure, temperature, flow rate, and fuel-air ratio. A comprehensive review of the autoignition literature is presented. Performance verification tests consisting of measurements of the ignition delay times for several lean fuel-air mixture ratios were conducted using Jet-A fuel at inlet air temperatures in the range 600 K to 900 K and pressures in the range 9 atm to 30 atm.
Cellulose Graft Copolymers (1969)

Graft copolymerization reactions of fibrous cellulose with vinyl monomers were initiated at free radical sites formed on the cellulose molecule by interaction with radiation, by reaction with Ce4+ ions in acidic solution, or by H abstraction by ·OH radicals formed by reaction of Fe2+ ions with H2O2 in aqueous solution. The effects of experimental conditions on the location of these sites on the cellulose molecule and on the reactions were studied by ESR spectroscopy. The molecular weights of the grafted copolymers and the distribution of the polymers within the fibrous cellulosic structure were determined. Some of the properties of the copolymers are discussed.
Efficient search strategies in hierarchical pattern recognition systems (2002)

We describe the generalized N-best search algorithm as applied to hierarchical pattern recognition, and discuss its limitations for a broad class of problems. We then introduce a new algorithm, called the Frame-Synchronous Viterbi Search, that prunes hypotheses by actively organizing system memory after each step in the search. This algorithm is shown to save memory and computation for a specific class of problems involving large search spaces and small memory resources. We also discuss generalizations of this algorithm to provide true N-best scoring and intelligent pruning while preserving the hierarchical structure of the hypotheses. An example of a practical speech recognition system using this algorithm is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative Analysis of Dual Continuum and Discrete Fracture Simulation Approaches to Model Fluid Flow in Naturally Fractured, Low-Permeability Reservoirs (2016)

Abstract Originally proposed for conventional reservoirs, the dual-continuum idealization is being applied directly to simulation in ultralow-permeability reservoirs. Recent gridding techniques can mesh the geometries of large discrete natural fracture networks (NFNs) into an unstructured grid to simulate fluid flow. Insufficient literature exists to help identify the tradeoffs in selecting one approach over another. This paper not only analyzes two approaches with respect to their underlying assumptions and applicability but also proposes a hybrid approach. A commercial reservoir simulator supporting both dual-continuum and unstructured simulation grid capability was used to compare these approaches in two separate stages using CPU times and accuracy of results as metrics. First, small-scale reservoirs with simple two-dimensional (2D) fracture patterns were simulated to examine the impact of matrix permeability, fracture spacing, and fracture orientation. Second, drilling-spacing-unit-size reservoirs with networks of stochastically generated three-dimensional (3D) fracture surfaces were simulated to compare the effect of density and clustering of fractures. These models were also simulated using a hybrid approach, modeling one portion of the fracture network as discrete and the remaining as dual continuum. Results show that although the dual-continuum technique can be very fast, it is not appropriate for all simulations. For example, extremely long transient periods in ultralow-permeability reservoirs raise doubts about the applicability of steady-state transfer functions in such models, whereas this assumption is considered acceptable at higher permeabilities. Conversely, discrete-fracture techniques, where the fracture geometry is resolved accurately in structured or unstructured mesh, are applicable to a broader set of problems but can become prohibitively slow for dense NFNs. A variety of cases were explored that demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches. The proposed hybrid approach discussed in this paper offers a good balance between run times and the quality of results. This paper offers practical insight into technique selection over a large class of problems. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid approach of combining dual and discrete NFN simulation in the same unstructured grid is novel but provides clearly demonstrated benefits. Stochastic generation of 3D NFNs, conditioned on secondary data, is used to control the clustering of natural fractures. Two distinct types of unstructured gridding methods, both supporting multi-point flux approximation, are used to mesh discrete NFNs.
Validation of a classification system to grade fractionation in atrial fibrillation and correlation with automated detection systems (2009)

Grading CFE by VI is accurate and correlates with AUTO.
Single-nucleotide resolution dynamic repair maps of UV damage in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> genome (2018)

We have adapted the eXcision Repair-sequencing (XR-seq) method to generate single-nucleotide resolution dynamic repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts in the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> genome. We find that these photoproducts are removed from the genome primarily by incisions 13-18 nucleotides 5' and 6-7 nucleotides 3' to the UV damage that generate 21- to 27-nt-long excision products. Analyses of the excision repair kinetics both in single genes and at the genome-wide level reveal strong transcription-coupled repair of the transcribed strand at early time points followed by predominantly nontranscribed strand repair at later stages. We have also characterized the excision repair level as a function of the transcription level. The availability of high-resolution and dynamic repair maps should aid in future repair and mutagenesis studies in this model organism.
Gene Feature Extraction and Cancer Classification via Double Network (2019)

Gene expression profiles are widely used in disease discovery and drug efficacy analysis, which can describe gene expression types and abundance information in specific cells or tissues under different conditions. Faced with a large number of high-dimensional and complex gene expression data, it has become a research topic that how to extract key information and use it effectively in the field of bioinformatics. Based on different types of gene expression profiles from GEO and TCGA database, the double network structure via deep learning is designed in this paper, which is applied for gene feature extraction and cancer classification. The feature extraction method based on double network both considers the classification ability and reconstruction ability of extracted features, which can be restored to original gene expression. According to requirements of sample classification and feature extraction, the loss function of training process is redefined, which implements better gene reconstruction and model training. And massive experiments show that double network extracts more precise gene features and improves accuracy of cancer classification.
Matrilin-3 Inhibits Chondrocyte Hypertrophy as a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Antagonist (2014)

Increased chondrocyte hypertrophy is often associated with cartilage joint degeneration in human osteoarthritis patients. Matrilin-3 knock-out (Matn3 KO) mice exhibit these features. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we sought a molecular explanation for increased chondrocyte hypertrophy in the mice prone to cartilage degeneration. We analyzed the effects of Matn3 on chondrocyte hypertrophy and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling by quantifying the hypertrophic marker collagen type X (Col X) gene expression and Smad1 activity in Matn3 KO mice in vivo and in Matn3-overexpressing chondrocytes in vitro. The effect of Matn3 and its specific domains on BMP activity were quantified by Col X promoter activity containing the Bmp-responsive element. Binding of MATN3 with BMP-2 was determined by immunoprecipitation, solid phase binding, and surface plasmon resonance assays. In Matn3 KO mice, Smad1 activity was increased more in growth plate chondrocytes than in wild-type mice. Conversely, Matn3 overexpression in hypertrophic chondrocytes led to inhibition of Bmp-2-stimulated, BMP-responsive element-dependent Col X expression and Smad1 activity. MATN3 bound BMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains clustered together by the coiled coil of Matn3 is required for Smad1 inhibition. Hence, as a novel BMP-2-binding protein and antagonist in the cartilage extracellular matrix, MATN3 may have the inherent ability to inhibit premature chondrocyte hypertrophy by suppressing BMP-2/Smad1 activity.
Sphingomyelin synthase SMS2 displays dual activity as ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase (2009)

Sphingolipids are vital components of eukaryotic membranes involved in the regulation of cell growth, death, intracellular trafficking, and the barrier function of the plasma membrane (PM). While sphingomyelin (SM) is the major sphingolipid in mammals, previous studies indicate that mammalian cells also produce the SM analog ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE). Little is known about the biological role of CPE or the enzyme(s) responsible for CPE biosynthesis. SM production is mediated by the SM synthases SMS1 in the Golgi and SMS2 at the PM, while a closely related enzyme, SMSr, has an unknown biochemical function. We now demonstrate that SMS family members display striking differences in substrate specificity, with SMS1 and SMSr being monofunctional enzymes with SM and CPE synthase activity, respectively, and SMS2 acting as a bifunctional enzyme with both SM and CPE synthase activity. In agreement with the PM residency of SMS2, we show that both SM and CPE synthase activities are enhanced at the surface of SMS2-overexpressing HeLa cells. Our findings reveal an unexpected diversity in substrate specificity among SMS family members that should enable the design of specific inhibitors to target the biological role of each enzyme individually.
PCS data management in an intelligent network (2003)

Personal communications services (PCS) are aimed at addressing the telecommunication needs of 'people on the move'. The management of terminal, user, and network data is essential to providing ubiquitous PCS service. The authors identify PCS functions and the data required to support them for PCS wireless users. Local and remote access to PCS data, and the use of the Common Channel Signaling (CCS) network as a vehicle for communicating with network systems containing PCS databases are discussed within the context of the advanced intelligent network (AIN). Methods for locating PCS data and application protocols are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aberrant Neuronal Avalanches in Cortical Tissue Removed From Juvenile Epilepsy Patients (2010)

Some forms of epilepsy may arise as a result of pathologic interactions among neurons. Many forms of collective activity have been identified, including waves, spirals, oscillations, synchrony, and neuronal avalanches. All these emergent activity patterns have been hypothesized to show pathologic signatures associated with epilepsy. Here, the authors used 60-channel multielectrode arrays to record neuronal avalanches in cortical tissue removed from juvenile epilepsy patients. For comparison, they also recorded activity in rat cortical slices. The authors found that some human tissue removed from epilepsy patients exhibited prolonged periods of hyperactivity not seen in rat slices. In addition, they found a positive correlation between the branching parameter, a measure of network gain, and firing rate in human slices during periods of hyperactivity. This relationship was not present in rat slices. The authors suggest that this positive correlation between the branching parameter and the firing rate is part of a positive feedback loop and may contribute to some forms of epilepsy. These results also indicate that neuronal avalanches are abnormally regulated in slices removed from pediatric epilepsy patients.
Analysis of radar detection probabilities in time division duplexed systems (2012)

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) is the technology chosen by ETSI, FCC, and Industry Canada to provide unlicensed access for broadband radios in licensed bands. It may be viewed as a basic form of cognitive radio, where broadband radios share spectrum with radar users, and is implemented by the basestation or basestation/subscriber combination. This work looks at the likelihood that a radar pulse burst can be detected in a time-division duplexed (TDD) system with radar detection restricted to the basestation. In such a system, a periodic `quiet time' is enforced. Compared to past assumptions on the structure of the radar and radio transmission, namely that both are random, the results shown here suggest that TDD systems will find it difficult or impossible to achieve current FCC and ETSI requirements with certain frame/schedule durations. We present expressions for the number of detected pulses and simulations that demonstrate the trade-offs of varying the uplink/downlink rate and frame/schedule duration.
Rectal delivery of antiinflammatory drugs. II. The influence of basic amino acid salts on rectal absorption of diclofenac. (1981)

Rectal absorption of diclofenac (DC) and its salts with sodium (DCNa), L-arginine (DC-Arg), L-lysine (DC-Lys), and L-histidine (DC-His) was studied in dogs, rabbits and rats. Plasma levels of unchanged DC were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Both the bioavailability and the plasma peak level of DC-Lys were the largest among the salts studied. The bioavailability of DCNa on oral administration in terms of plasma levels of DC was observed to be much larger than after rectal administration of DC but it was of the same order as those of rectal administration of DCNa, DC-Arg, and DC-His. The extents of bioavailabilty in rabbits and in rats were similar, but considerably better than that in dogs. The irritative effects of DC salts on the rectal mucosa in rats were studied by gross and light microscopic examinations following the administration of suspensions in 1% methyl cellulose solution. DC-Arg showed the weakest irritation of the rectal mucosa, and the irritation caused by 20% suspension was equivalent to that of 5% suspension of DCNa. The protective effects of counter ions against the histological damage caused by DC to the rectal mucosa increased in the order or sodium≥lysine≥arginine. From these results, it appears that the basic amino acid salts of DC may be useful as rectal delivery preparations for clinical use.
One‐Pot, Three‐Component Sulfonimidamide Synthesis Exploiting the Sulfinylamine Reagent <i>N</i>‐Sulfinyltritylamine, TrNSO (2017)

Sulfonimidamides are increasingly important molecules in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry, but their preparation requires lengthy synthetic sequences, which has likely limited their use. We describe a one-pot de novo synthesis of sulfonimidamides from widely available organometallic reagents and amines. This convenient and efficient process uses a stable sulfinylamine reagent, N-sulfinyltritylamine (TrNSO), available in one step on 10 gram scale, as a linchpin. In contrast to classical approaches starting from thiols or their derivatives, our TrNSO-based approach facilitates the rapid assembly of the three reaction components into a variety of differentially substituted sulfonimidamides containing medicinally relevant moieties, including pyridines and indoles. Analogues of the sulfonamide-containing COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib were prepared and evaluated.
Clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival analysis of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania in an area of Madrid, Spain. (1998)

From 1987 to 1995, a retrospective case study was conducted at the Ramon y Cajal Hospital in Madrid, Spain, a public teaching hospital with 1,100 beds, to determine the clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, survival, and prognostic factors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The prevalence of VL in HIV+ patients compared with HIV- patients was studied. Epidemiologic, clinical, and parasitologic characteristics, as well as the effects of treatment, prognosis, and survival in 54 HIV+ patients (90 episodes) with VL were defined. Comparative survival studies among patients with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining criteria and multivariate analysis of survival risk factors were performed. The prevalence of VL in patients with AIDS was much higher than in immunocompetent individuals. In spite of a good initial response to treatment for VL, 60.6% of the patients had relapsed by the end of one year. Mortality from the first episode was 18.5%, and 24% died in the first month after diagnosis of any VL episode. The mean survival of the 29 patients who died was 10.27 months. Survival in patients with and without AIDS at the time of the first episode of VL was compared at 30 months: 53.7% versus 20.5% (P = 0.00149). We found no significant difference (P = 0.24) in the survival of HIV+ patients who had died of VL without AIDS at the time of the first episode of VL compared with those of a control group of 413 dead patients with AIDS without VL. A diagnosis of AIDS at the time of the first episode of VL and thrombocytopenia were the only risk factors found related to survival. We conclude that in AIDS patients, VL is a recurrent disease that is highly prevalent and whose clinical course is modified by HIV.
A highly efficient nanofocusing system for soft x rays (2020)

The focusing of x rays is essential in various types of x-ray microscopy because the size and flux of the illuminating beam determine the spatial resolution and signal intensity, respectively. A system with grazing incidence mirrors allows highly efficient x ray focusing with beam dimensions on the nanometer scale. Tube-shaped mirrors with a large numerical aperture and high demagnification, including ellipsoidal mirrors and Wolter mirrors, have recently been developed for soft x-ray nanofocusing. However, these mirrors have low efficiency because they cannot focus the central part of the illumination beam. Here, we propose a two-stage focusing system, in which a ring-shaped beam formed by a ring-focusing mirror illuminates a quasi-Wolter mirror. A prototype of the system is experimentally constructed at beamline BL25SU-A of SPring-8. Observation of the wavefront error based on ptychography enables efficient alignment of the two mirrors. Using this alignment procedure, we achieve a spot size of less than 200 nm at 300 eV.
New Directions in Aluminum-Based P/M Materials for Automotive Applications (2000)

Aluminum-based materials produced by powder metallurgy processing offer a number of interesting and patentially high impact commercial opportunities in the automotive industry if the range of properties available can be expanded in a cost-effective manner. This paper reviews some of these new dovelopments in materials and processes and also provides information that is helpful in assessing their readiness for near-term commercial implementation in the automotive market.
Applying Clustering Techniques in Hybrid Network in the Presence of 2D and 3D Obstacles (2014)

Clustering spatial data is a well-known problem that has been extensively studied. In the real world, there are many physical obstacles such as rivers, lakes, highways, and mountains, whose presence may substantially affect the clustering result. Although many methods have been proposed in previous works, very few have considered physical obstacles and interlinking bridges. Taking these constraints into account during the clustering process is costly, yet modeling the constraints is paramount for good performance. Owing to saturation in existing telephone networks and the ever increasing demand for wire and wireless services, telecommunication engineers are looking at technologies that can deliver sites and satisfy the demand and level of service constraints in an area with and without obstacles. In this paper, we study the problem of clustering in the presence of obstacles to solve the network planning problem. As such, we modified the NetPlan algorithm and developed the COD-NETPLAN (Clustering with Obstructed Distance -- Network Planning) algorithm to solve the problem of 2D and 3D obstacles. We studied the problem of determining the location of the multi-service access node in an area with many mountains and rivers. We used a reachability matrix to detect 2D obstacles, and line segment intersection together with geographical information system techniques for 3D obstacles. Experimental results and the subsequent analysis indicate that the COD-NETPLAN algorithm is both efficient and effective.