gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structures of exfoliated single layers of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">WS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MoS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MoSe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>in aqueous suspension (2002)

Single layers of the transition-metal dichalcogenides ${\mathrm{WS}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2},$ and ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ were formed as aqueous suspensions by lithium intercalation and exfoliation of crystalline powders and examined by x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The two-dimensional characteristics of these systems were readily apparent through the absence of any (hkl) peaks $(l\ensuremath{\ne}0)$ and in the strong asymmetry of the $(\mathrm{hk}0)$ peaks in the diffraction patterns. Indexing the diffraction patterns with rectangular unit cells revealed the diselenide as the most distorted from the hexagonal structures of the parent materials, with the Mo atoms forming a ``zigzag'' structure which is also corrugated perpendicular to the layers. Mo K-edge and W L3-edge XAFS analysis using ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$-related structural models enabled the determination of the short, intermediate, and long metal-metal near-neighbor distances with the shortest metal-metal distances contracted approximately 0.4 \AA{} compared to parent reference materials. Shifts in the Mo K-absorption-edge energy in ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ correlated with changing Se-Se interactions. Combining the XAFS and diffraction results enabled an estimation of the layer puckering and atomic positions in three-dimensional models of the unit cells. Selenium K-edge XAFS also identified two selenium-oxygen scattering paths from water or ${\mathrm{OH}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions coordinating the layers of exfoliated ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}.$
Preliminary studies of continuous extracorporeal carbamylation in the treatment of sickle cell anemia. (1982)

The lack of effective therapy of sickle cell anemia has prompted investigation of a large number of antisickling agents. The most promising drug, cyanate, was found in previous studies to be toxic when given systemically. The present study examined a semiautomated system for extracorporeal treatment with cyanate of the blood of four patients with sickle cell anemia. All patients achieved hemoglobin carbamylation levels greater than 1 mode of cyanate per mode of Hb4, with minimal systemic exposure to cyanate and no serious toxicity. Hematologic response occurred in two patients and possibly a third. Further study will be required to determine the efficacy of continuous extracorporeal carbamylation in the treatment of sickle cell anemia.
Functional Relationship of Factor B in the Properdin System to C3 Proactivator of Human Serum (1971)

Summary Factor B in the properdin system is a heatlabile protein requiring, in addition to properdin, other serum factors, and Mg2+, for formation of a complex with zymosan which preferentially inactivates C3 and later acting components. Factor B is a β-pseudoglobulin which is distinct from C2. Evidence has been presented that factor B is functionally identical to an independently isolated serum protein, C3 proactivator (C3PA). These observations serve both to identify and characterize factor B and, in conjunction with earlier evidence, to establish the properdin system as an alternate pathway to C3 and later acting components, independent of C1, C4 and C2.
Upregulation of Interleukin-10 and Inhibition of Alloantigen Responses by Transferrin and Transferrin-Derived Glycans (2000)

Previous studies have shown that critically timed administration of transferrin (Tf) facilitates induction of immunologic unresponsiveness. Here, we determined in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and in concanavalin A (ConA)-driven cultures the effect of exogenous Tf and Tf-derived glycans (Tf-Gly) on lymphocyte proliferation. In cultures of human blood lymphocytes, Tf inhibited selectively alloantigen-driven proliferation in MLC, but not ConA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Deglycosylation of Tf abrogated the inhibitory effect of Tf on alloantigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and, consistent with a role for glycans, an effect qualitatively and quantitatively similar to Tf was exerted by purified Tf-Gly. Glycans isolated from other proteins, for example, immunoglobulin G (IgG) or fibrinogen, failed to inhibit alloantigen-induced proliferation selectively. Rather, they suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in a non-specific manner. Determination of cytokines in MLC supernatant showed a downregulation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-2, and IL-12 (p40), along with an upregulation of IL-10, a pattern entirely consistent with the observed effects of Tf and Tf-Gly on alloantigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. The effect of Tf on MLC was directly IL-10-dependent. IL-10 levels were inversely correlated with lymphocyte proliferation and CD86 expression. Neutralization of IL-10 by anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) blocked the effect of Tf. The MLC-modulating effect of Tf (or Tf-Gly) was not dependent upon the Tf receptor CD71 but appeared to be mediated by a Gly-responsive receptor. These data suggest a role of Tf, and, in particular, Tf-Gly, in allo-interactions that is independent from the role of Tf in iron metabolism, and appears to involve co-stimulatory signals.
Voltage‐dependent block of normal and mutant muscle sodium channels by 4‐Chloro‐m‐Cresol (1999)

1 The effects of 4-Chloro-m-Cresol (4-CmC) were examined on heterologously expressed wild type (WT), Paramyotonia Congenita (R1448H) and Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (M1360V) mutant alpha-subunits of human muscle sodium channels. 2 Block of rested sodium channels caused by 4-CmC was concentration-dependent with an ECR50 of 0.40 mM in WT, 0.45 mM in R1448H and 0.49 mM in M1360V. 3 Inactivation significantly promoted 4-CmC-induced sodium channel block in all clones indicated by 4-CmC-induced shifts of steady-state availability curves, reflecting a higher proportion of channel block at depolarized membrane potentials. Channel block was almost complete (>90%) at concentrations close to the ECR50 (0.5 mM) on application of an inactivating prepulse before the test pulse. 4 4-CmC accelerated the current decay following depolarization and prolonged recovery from inactivation in all clones. Of these, R1448H, the mutant which displayed severely impaired inactivation in the controls, responded to 4-CmC with the most pronounced acceleration of inactivation. Control experiments revealed enhanced recovery from inactivation in the mutants, which was restored to normal in 0.1 mM 4-CmC. 5 4-CmC induced no additional frequency-dependent block. 6 Our results clearly demonstrate that 4-CmC is as effective as lidocaine (Fan et al., 1996) in blocking muscle sodium channels. Low concentrations of the compound (</=ECR50) were able to restore pathologically accelerated recovery from inactivation and impaired inactivation in the mutants to the WT value.
OEIS complex (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects) in monozygotic twins (1999)

The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a consistent and recognizable pattern of midline abdominal and pelvic defects. It is rare, affecting 1 in 200,000 to 400,000 pregnancies and is even rarer in twin gestations. This is an autopsy study of OEIS complex in monozygotic twins after pregnancy termination at 20 weeks of gestation. Unremarkable family history but concordance of monozygotic twins for the defects may support the theory that early malformation complexes, e.g., OEIS, and monozygotic twinning are manifestations of the same disturbance of early blastogenesis.
Interactive video mirrors for sports training (2004)

This paper studies gesture and speech controlled video for sports training. The goal is to combine the benefits of recording your performance with video equipment and training with a mirror. For example, a delayed camera view projected on a screen can be used to repeatedly perform and evaluate a spin kick, a move that is difficult to practice with a mirror.
Microstructured horizontal alumina pore arrays as growth templates for large area few and single nanowire devices (2008)

Abstract We demonstrate the fabrication of horizontally aligned and well‐defined nanopore structures by anodic oxidation of aluminum thin films and micro stripes on a Si substrate. We are able to control both, the pore diameters and interpore distances from 10 nm to 130 nm and from 30 nm to 275 nm, respectively. The anisotropy of the system induces some deviations in the pore configuration from the typical honeycomb structure. By decreasing the dimensions of the Al structures, the final pore diameter and interpore distance remains constant, enabling the transition from multiple to a few nanowire porous structures. Finally, we successfully filled the nanopores by pulsed electroplating, as demonstrated both by Scanning Electron Microscopy and by current–voltage measurements. Having full control over the size, the density, the position and the orientation of the porous structure, our approach is promising for many exciting applications, including nanoelectronics and sensing. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of suppression in psychophysical tone-on-tone masking (2010)

This study tested the hypothesis that suppression contributes to the difference between simultaneous masking (SM) and forward masking (FM). To obtain an alternative estimate of suppression, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured in the presence of a suppressor tone. Psychophysical-masking and DPOAE-suppression measurements were made in 22 normal-hearing subjects for a 4000-Hz signal/f(2) and two masker/suppressor frequencies: 2141 and 4281 Hz. Differences between SM and FM at the same masker level were used to provide a psychophysical estimate of suppression. The increase in L(2) to maintain a constant output (L(d)) provided a DPOAE estimate of suppression for a range of suppressor levels. The similarity of the psychophysical and DPOAE estimates for the two masker/suppressor frequencies suggests that the difference in amount of masking between SM and FM is at least partially due to suppression.
N‐terminal acetylation in paenibacillin, a novel lantibiotic (2008)

N-terminal acetylation was uncovered in paenibacillin, a novel lantibiotic recently reported as a product of Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY-DF. This N-terminal modification is unprecedented among bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides and further illustrates the broad range of modifications that can occur in lantibiotics. Additionally, the primary structure of paenibacillin has been finally determined unequivocally by the extensive NMR analysis taken together with previous MS/MS results. These analyses revealed the structure of paenibacillin as one of the most post-translationally modified lantibiotics.
The Effect of Ethrel on the Ripening of Montmorency Sour Cherries1 (1969)

Abstract Ethrel (Amchem 66-329, 2-chloro-ethylphosphonic acid) is a water soluble plant growth regulator thought to be degraded within plant cells resulting in the liberation of ethylene (1, 2). The eth-lene released within the plant is probably responsible for the subsequently observed biological activity.
Thermal Conductivity of Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Function of Their Pore Size (2017)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a relatively new class of organic nanostructured porous materials, formed by covalent bonds between light elements, with high surface area. The thermal conductivity values (k) for some COFs (COF-300, RIO-1, RIO-4, RIO-20) were measured using the modified transient plane source (MTPS) technique. Values ranging from 0.038 to 0.048 W m–1 K–1 were measured depending on the COF pore structure and surface area. Thermal conductivities correlate linearly with the inverse of the cross-sectional area of the pores.
Carotenoids and related compounds. Part XX. Structure and reactions of fucoxanthin (1969)

R. Bonnett, A. K. Mallams, A. A. Spark, J. L. Tee, B. C. L. Weedon and A. McCormick, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1969, 429 DOI: 10.1039/J39690000429
Different EDC/NHS Activation Mechanisms between PAA and PMAA Brushes and the Following Amidation Reactions (2011)

Infrared spectroscopy was applied to investigate the well-known EDC/NHS (N-ethyl-N'-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) activation details of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes grafted on porous silicon. Succinimidyl ester (NHS-ester) is generally believed to be the dominant intermediate product, conveniently used to immobilize biomolecules containing free primary amino groups via amide linkage. To our surprise, the infrared spectral details revealed that the EDC/NHS activation of PMAA generated anhydride (estimated at around 76% yield and 70% composition), but not NHS-ester (around 5% yield and 11% composition) under the well-documented reaction conditions, as the predominant intermediate product. In contrast, EDC/NHS activation of PAA still follows the general rule, i.e., the expected NHS-ester is the dominant intermediate product (around 45% yield and 57% composition), anhydride the side product (40% yield and 28% composition), under the optimum reaction conditions. The following amidation on PAA-based NHS-esters with a model amine-containing compound, L-leucine methyl ester, generated approximately 70% amides and 30% carboxylates. In contrast, amidation of PAA- or PMAA-based anhydrides with L-leucine methyl ester only produced less than 30% amides but more than 70% carboxylates. The above reaction yields and percentage compositions were estimated by fitting the carbonyl stretching region with 5 possible species, NHS-ester, anhydride, N-acylurea, unreacted acid, unhydrolyzed tert-butyl ester, and using the Beer-Lambert law. The different surface chemistry mechanisms will bring significant effects on the performance of surface chemistry-derived devices such as biochips, biosensors, and biomaterials.
An Electrochemical Detector for Liquid Chromatography with Picogram Sensitivity (1973)

Abstract A simple liquid chromatograph with an extremely sensitive electrochemical detector is described. The detector, which can be constructed for lees than $5.00 (excluding electronics), has an actual dead volume of < 1 μl and operates well in the 50–100 picogram region. Routine quantitative work at the 5–10 nanogram level is described. Potential applications to the analysis of biogenic amines are discussed.
OCT‐1 is over‐expressed in intestinal metaplasia and intestinal gastric carcinomas and binds to, but does not transactivate, CDX2 in gastric cells (2005)

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a preneoplastic lesion of the stomach in which there is transdifferentiation of the gastric mucosa to an intestinal phenotype. The caudal-related homeobox gene CDX2 encodes an intestine-specific transcription factor crucial for the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells. In addition, CDX2 is involved in the induction of IM in the stomach. The aim of this study was to access the putative involvement of OCT-1 in the induction of CDX2 expression de novo in gastric mucosa leading to the onset of IM. OCT-1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 31 biopsies with chronic gastritis, 15 biopsies with foci of IM and adjacent gastric mucosa and 42 gastric carcinomas. Furthermore, we evaluated OCT-1 binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and activation of the CDX2 promoter by co-transfecting a CDX2 promoter/reporter construct with an OCT-1 expression vector in two gastric carcinoma cell lines, GP220 and MKN45. Our results show that OCT-1 is expressed in chronic gastritis, particularly when it is adjacent to IM and is expressed in 87% of IM foci. Furthermore, 74% of the gastric carcinomas were positive for OCT-1 and a strong association was observed between OCT-1 expression and intestinal-type carcinoma. We identified that OCT-1 binds to the CDX2 promoter, although we could not see a transactivation effect in gastric carcinoma cell lines. In conclusion, we observed increased OCT-1 expression in IM and in intestinal gastric carcinomas and identified the capacity of OCT-1 to bind to the CDX2 promoter, although we could not demonstrate a direct effect of OCT-1 in the transactivation of CDX2.
Intra-articular lornoxicam loaded PLGA microspheres: enhanced therapeutic efficiency and decreased systemic toxicity in the treatment of osteoarthritis (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the joint tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics of Lornoxicam (Lnxc) following intra-articular injection of either Lnxc suspensions or sustained release Lnxc-loaded PLGA microspheres (Lnxc-MS), as well as the biocompatibility of PLGA microspheres with or without drugs. In this study, Lnxc suspensions or Lnxc-loaded PLGA microspheres was injected into the knee joint cavity of rats. Blood samples were taken at predetermined times from the jugular vein and the joint tissue (cartilage and synovial membrane) were removed from the rats. Biocompatibility and pharmacodynamics were evaluated by observing the swelling of the joints of the rats and histological analysis following the injection of the microspheres. The plasma drug concentration decreased in rats and retention time increased in rats' joint with intra-articular injections of microspheres, revealing good targeting efficiency and decreased systemic toxicity. After 30 days of intra-articular injection with Lnxc-loaded or blank microspheres, the filtration liquid accumulation, blood vessels and fibrous proliferation were not detected, showing their good compatibility. Furthermore, the articular cartilage damage by papain could also be repaired by the Lnxc-loaded PLGA microspheres. In conclusion, intra-articular Lnxc-MS have considerable potential for creating a sustained release Lnxc delivery system and providing effective healing to Osteoarthritis.
Runtime support for multicore Haskell (2009)

Purely functional programs should run well on parallel hardware because of the absence of side effects, but it has proved hard to realise this potential in practice. Plenty of papers describe promising ideas, but vastly fewer describe real implementations with good wall-clock performance. We describe just such an implementation, and quantitatively explore some of the complex design tradeoffs that make such implementations hard to build. Our measurements are necessarily detailed and specific, but they are reproducible, and we believe that they offer some general insights.
A secure virtual machine migration using memory space prediction for cloud computing (2016)

A cost effective, easy to manage, elastic and powerful resources over the internet is provided to the users by cloud environment. The resource pooling allows the use of same pool by multiple users through multi tenancy and virtualization technology. The VM Migration is the process of relocating a VM to another physical machine without shutting down the VM. The Virtual Migration is carried out for the number of reasons such as load balancing, fault tolerance and maintenance with respect to pooling and memory space management. Memory space prediction method used to predict the free memory space and allocate the memory to the new processes or the requested user. Memory allocation then becomes a selection function of selecting appropriate memory space according to the user needs a capacity. The free memory spaces are listed in the free list. It's helpful for easy allocation. During the migration phase, the contents of the VM are exposed to the network that might lead to data privacy and integrity concerns. Besides data, the space used by VM for storage and communication is also vulnerable to attackers during migration. To reduce the data loss due to attack on memory space to increase the confidentiality of the data which is migrated, here it is designed and implemented a new scheme for Virtual Machine Migration using Memory Space Prediction with compression method for storage using a cryptic methodology. The prediction based compression algorithm used to transfer data in compressed manner, it also decreases the migration time and down time and the hash algorithm used to increases the data confidentiality and security.
Bottom-gate poly-Si thin film transistors using XeCl excimer laser annealing and ion doping techniques (1993)

High mobility bottom-gate poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) have been successfully fabricated on a hard glass substrate using XeCl excimer laser annealing and ion doping techniques. The authors used an a-Si:H film which is deposited by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) as a precursor film, and then they crystallized the a-Si film by XeCl excimer laser annealing. The maximum field effect mobility and grain size obtained were 200 cm/sup 2//V-s (n-channel), and 250 nm, respectively. The poly-Si TFTs showed excellent transfer characteristics, and an ON/OFF current ratio of over 10/sup 6/ was obtained. Successful control of the threshold voltage within 4 V using an ion doping technique is also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crosstalk and Power Reduction Using Bus Encoding in RC Coupled VLSI Interconnects (2010)

For System on-chip (SoC) designs in current Deep Submicron (DSM) era, interconnects play important role in overall performance of the chip. The factors such as propagation delay, power dissipation and crosstalk through RC modeled interconnects substantially affects the entire working of the chip. Functional crosstalk and crosstalk induced propagation delay have recently emerged as major sources of faults. The crosstalk effect is a consequence of coupling and switching activities that is encountered when there is a transition in previous state of wire as well as when transitions are in adjacent wires. Therefore, minimization or elimination of switching and coupling activities is crucial in enhancing the performance of SoC designs. This paper proposes encoding schemes in order to achieve reduction in transitions between the previous and present states of wire as well as transitions in adjacent wires. The reduction in transition improves the performance in terms of power dissipation, coupling activity and delay in on-chip bus.
Moiré-Based Interferometry for Magnification Calibration of Bitelecentric Lens System (2015)

The bitelecentric lens system is widely used in many domains, such as 3-D measurements and tube inspection. The magnification calibration for such a system is a crucial problem for its further application in achieving precise measurements. However, it is difficult to obtain an accurate result using a general magnification calibration method. In this paper, the Moiré-based interferometry is demonstrated to accurately calibrate the magnification of bitelecentric lens system that increases the speed and precision of the measurement. Two special grating marks containing upper and lower parts with slightly different periods are designed to generate Moiré fringes. By analyzing the finally obtained Moiré fringes, the magnification could be determined through Fourier-based phase analysis and a phase unwrapping algorithm, and the further the deviation is from the theoretical value, the more obvious the differences between upper and lower periods will be. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results indicate that the magnification could be calibrated at the accuracy of 0.4% with extraordinary sensitivity.