gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Tn5lac to study expression of genes required for production of the antibiotic TA (1992)

The beta-galactosidase activities arising from Tn5lac insertions in several genes required for antibiotic TA production were measured under different growth conditions. In all of the non-TA-producing mutants, the beta-galactosidase specific activity was higher when the cells were grown in nutrient-limited 0.5CTS medium (0.5% Casitone plus alanine, serine, and glucose) than in rich 2CT medium (2% Casitone). One of the mutants, 420, had low beta-galactosidase specific activity in both media. The other seven mutants containing inserts in genes essential for TA production had specific activities of 139 to 367 U/mg of protein in 0.5CTS medium and 11 to 48 U/mg of protein in 2CT medium. The beta-galactosidase specific activities of two strains, 1030 and 420, increased during exponential growth in 0.5CTS medium. The beta-galactosidase specific activities of both strains increased greatly when the cells were grown in the presence of magnesium phosphate, which traps ammonium ions. The Tn5lac insertions in 1030 and 420 were used to screen for mutants with increased levels of transcription. An N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutation in 1030 that mapped 17 kb from the omega 1010 insert increased the specific activity of beta-galactosidase 21 times in 2CT medium. The regulatory mutation appears to release the repression caused by 2CT medium. A UV-induced mutation in 420 increased the beta-galactosidase specific activity 1.4 to 2.4 times. Medium conditions that affect the transcription of TA genes are discussed in terms of enhanced antibiotic TA production.
Improvement and modernization of subsonic wind tunnels (1993)

In the last two decades, the requirements on wind-tunnel testing have increased almost constantly. Consequently, new findings and developments, as well as sophisticated design rules for tunnel components, led to the fact that a lot of wind tunnels built in earlier years have become obsolete. This does not only concern data acquisition and measuring techniques but is also valid for circuit aerodynamics and flow quality. In the present article, the basic possibilities for improvement and modernization of wind tunnels which do not represent the state-of-art are discussed by using the modernization of the 3-m low-speed wind tunnel of the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany, as an example. In this context, the design rules of the most important wind-tunnel components are reviewed and verified by the first calibration results after reoperation of the modified tunnel.
Hybrid Integrated Cascaded 2-bit Electrooptic Digital Optical Switches (DOSs) (2007)

Hybrid integrated cascaded 1 times 4 electrooptic (EO) polymeric digital optical switches (DOSs) are proposed and demonstrated. The hybrid integration of passive polymer on the same chip with EO polymer can lower the overall device loss without affecting the EO effects. The cascaded DOS can be controlled by only two voltage signal sources without bias stabling mechanism. The device can be operated as a 2-bit reconfigurable switch. The switching voltage is around 15 V for single arm driving with reasonable extinction ratio (9~12 dB) and the loss is improved by ~2.5 dB. This device is ideal for implementing variable optical delay network
Direct expression of hepatitis B surface antigen gene in<i>E coli</i> (1983)

A 809 bp Sau 3A - Hpa I fragment containing a complete HBsAg gene and fragments 744 bp Hinc II - Hpa I and 712 bp Xba I - Hpa I containing a truncated HBsAg gene lacking the sequence encoding the NH2-terminal hydrophobic domain were prepared from a composite plasmid pHBV933 containing the 3.2 kb Eco RI DNA fragment of the entire HBV/adw genome and inserted into an expression vector pTRP801 to give plasmids pTRP SS-6, pTRP SS-39, and pTRP SS-50, respectively. The growth of a recombinant having pTRP SS-6 was greatly inhibited and the transformant expressed a low level of HBsAg, which is reactive to human anti-HBsAg antibody. Interestingly, the growth of transformants harbouring pTRP SS-39 and pTRP SS-50 was not inhibited and these transformants expressed a considerable level of the HBsAg. Minicells harbouring pTRP SS-6, pTRP SS-39, and pTRP SS-50 formed specific polypeptides of about 24 K, 23 K, and 22 K daltons, respectively.
The surface mixed layer heat budget from mooring observations in the central Indian Ocean during Madden–Julian Oscillation events (2014)

Abstract The oceanic surface mixed layer heat budget in the central equatorial Indian Ocean is calculated from observations at two mooring sites (0°S 79°E and 1.5°S 79°E) during three active and calm phases of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events between September 2011 and January 2012. At both mooring locations, the surface mixed layer is generally heated during MJO calm phases. During MJO active phases at both mooring locations, the surface mixed layer is always cooled by the net surface heat flux and also sometimes by the turbulent heat flux at the bottom of the surface mixed layer. The turbulent heat flux at the bottom of the surface mixed layer, however, varies greatly among different MJO active phases and between the two mooring locations. A barrier layer exerts control on the turbulent heat flux at the base of the surface mixed layer; we quantify this barrier layer strength by a “barrier layer potential energy,” which depends on the thickness of the barrier layer, the thickness of the surface mixed layer, and the density stratification across the isothermal layer. During one observed MJO active phase, a strong turbulent heat flux into the mixed layer was diagnosed, despite the presence of a 10−20 m thick barrier layer. This was due to the strong shear across the barrier layer driven by the westerly winds, which provided sufficient available kinetic energy to erode the barrier layer. To better simulate and predict net surface heat fluxes and the MJO, models must estimate the oceanic barrier layer potential energy, background shear, stratification, and surface forcing accurately.
[Current position on the care of HIV-seropositive pregnancies]. (1999)

The reduction of vertical transmission rates in Germany to 5-7% is basically due to antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy with zidovudine and elective caesarean section after 37 weeks of gestation. Maternal versus fetal needs have to be considered carefully in respect to mode of delivery and antiretroviral therapy. Long term consequences for the fetus of antiretroviral therapy are not yet sufficiently known.
<title>Motion video coding: a universal coding approach</title> (1990)

CCITT Study Group XV (Working Party XV/1) is charged with transmission systems. Under WP XV/1 a Specialists Group was established dealing with drafting recommendatioms for the secomd generation sub-primary rate ( n x 384 kbit/s, ii = 1, . . . , 5) or (p x 64 lcbit/s, p = 1, . . . , 30) video codecs. The Specialists Group on Coding for Visual Telephony reaches their objectives by ezchanging the results with the different partners involved (Europe, Japan, USA, Korea and Canada). During the study period 1984-1989 the Specialists Group agreed upon the usage of a so called reference model (hereafter abbreviated RM) for simulation purposes. The specification for a fiezible hardware is derived from these simulations. In this paper a description of the reference model and the evolution towards the last reference model (RM8) is given which is the basis for the H.261. The intentions of this contribution is to show the ft ezibility of the algorithm for different applications. The term universal approach makes therefor reference to the usage of the algorithm for a range of possible applications. In an joint expert group of ISO/IEC, the Moving Picture Coding Expert Group (MPEG) ISO/IEC JCT/5C2/WG8, work is carried out to select a standard for coded represenation of moving images and sound for the provision of interactive moving picture applications. In this expert group, members of the specialists group on coding for visual telephony are participating trying to realize interworking between the standard in preparation by the joint expert group MPEG and the coming CCITT recommendation H.261. For the most important used techniques in the CCITT Reference Model, among which are quantization, scanning, loop filter, entropy coding, multiple versus single VL C and block type discrimination theoretical information is provided and some examples for possible improvements are included. A significant development is reported i.e a modification of the reported n x 384 kbit/s algorithm paving the way to a universal standard codec capable of operating at p x 64 kbit/s ( p = 1,...,30).
HIGH-ACCURACY PEAK PICKING OF PROTEOMICS DATA USING WAVELET TECHNIQUES (2005)

A new peak picking algorithm for the analysis of mass spectrometric (MS) data is presented. It is independent of the underlying machine or ionization method, and is able to resolve highly convoluted and asymmetric signals. The method uses the multiscale nature of spectrometric data by first detecting the mass peaks in the wavelet-transformed signal before a given asymmetric peak function is fitted to the raw data. In an optional third stage, the resulting fit can be further improved using techniques from nonlinear optimization. In contrast to currently established techniques (e.g. SNAP, Apex) our algorithm is able to separate overlapping peaks of multiply charged peptides in ESI-MS data of low resolution. Its improved accuracy with respect to peak positions makes it a valuable preprocessing method for MS-based identification and quantification experiments. The method has been validated on a number of different annotated test cases, where it compares favorably in both runtime and accuracy with currently established techniques. An implementation of the algorithm is freely available in our open source framework OpenMS.
Very low doses of X-rays can cause human lymphocytes to become less susceptible to ionizing radiation (1987)

Cultured human lymphocytes exposed to very low doses of X-rays become less susceptible to subsequent higher doses of X-rays. Cells exposed to doses as low as 0.5 rad (cGy) or 1 rad of X-rays at 32-34 h of culture become adapted so that less cytogenetic damage in the form of chromosome breakage is induced by 150 rad administered at 48 h. This response, which does not occur after high initial doses of X-rays, can be eliminated by 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
An opinion on the distribution and behavior of chemicals in response to climate change, with particular reference to the Asia-Pacific region (2010)

There is a general lack of knowledge as regards the effects of climate change on pollutant behavior. This is particularly true of the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). This region has major significance in terms of global pollutant emission and also displays a wide variety of environments. This review presents the authors’ opinions on possible implications of climate change for pollutant behavior in the APR. Although differing responses can be expected across the region, there are clear implications as regards the short- and long-term behavior of pollutants. Effects can be predicted through modeling, but further data are required for model calibration. Nevertheless, it can be predicted that climate change will affect processes including global distillation of persistent organic pollutants, airborne transport of heavy metals, half-life of readily degradable pollutants, and eutrophication in water bodies. Particulates are expected to play a central role in mediating the effects of climate change, and successful predictive models will need to be based on particulate-mediated transport and behavior. Climate change also has the potential to cause an increase in the intensity and frequency of harmful algal blooms in aquatic environments throughout the region, with significant implications for supply of both food and drinking water.
Functionalized Nanocellulose-Integrated Heterolayered Nanomats toward Smart Battery Separators (2016)

Alternative materials obtained from natural resources have recently garnered considerable attention as an innovative solution to bring unprecedented advances in various energy storage systems. Here, we present a new class of heterolayered nanomat-based hierarchical/asymmetric porous membrane with synergistically coupled chemical activity as a nanocellulose-mediated green material strategy to develop smart battery separator membranes far beyond their current state-of-the-art counterparts. This membrane consists of a terpyridine (TPY)-functionalized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) nanoporous thin mat as the top layer and an electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) macroporous thick mat as the support layer. The hierarchical/asymmetric porous structure of the heterolayered nanomat is rationally designed with consideration of the trade-off between leakage current and ion transport rate. The TPY (to chelate Mn(2+) ions) and PVP (to capture hydrofluoric acid)-mediated chemical functionalities bring a synergistic coupling in suppressing Mn(2+)-induced adverse effects, eventually enabling a substantial improvement in the high-temperature cycling performance of cells.
Steroid Lysis of Protoplasts and Effects of Stabilizers and Steroid Antagonists (1965)

Six synthetic antimicrobial steroids were examined for indications of their mechanism of action. Dequadin acetate, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), and sodium deoxycholate were studied for comparison. Aerated cells of Sarcina lutea were washed, suspended in 1.06 M sucrose, and converted to protoplasts with 20 mug/ml of lysozyme. Lysis was measured optically at 650 mmu as a decrease in optical density. Screening tests with 50 mug/ml of each compound showed five steroids and CPC to be lytic. Protoplasts were strongly protected from lysis by pretreatment with 0.001 to 0.004 M spermine tetrahydrochloride. Other polyamines, such as spermidine phosphate, were less protective, and putrescine was ineffective. Uranyl nitrate (5 x 10(-4) M) rapidly agglutinated protoplasts and protected them from rupture by the lytic agents. Similar studies with 0.001 to 0.004 M Mg(++) showed varying degrees of protection, which, in most cases, was only temporary. Steroidal lysis did not appear to be related to chelation, since ethylenediaminetetraacetate did not cause lysis alone and antagonized some lytic compounds. Lecithin, Tween 80, Tween 20, and Span 20 at 0.05% exhibited certain effects on protoplast stability. Span 20 strongly prevented lysis by steroids. Tween 20 alone quickly caused protoplast rupture. Lecithin and Tween 80, which also caused lysis alone, interfered with lytic steroids and CPC. The test compounds were both inhibitory and lethal to cells of Sarcina lutea. The results suggest that direct action on cell membranes may be chiefly responsible for the antimicrobial properties of the steroids.
A Prognostic Biomarker for Gastric Cancer With Lymph Node Metastases (2013)

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of tumor‐related deaths in China. The tumor, node, metastasis ( TNM ) classification system is useful for predicting clinical prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, determining the presence of lymph node involvement in the early stages of gastric cancer is difficult without biopsy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel serum biomarkers for TNM cancer staging and prognostic follow‐up. In this study, we have reported fibrinopeptide‐A ( FPA ) with alanine truncation at the N ‐terminal as a novel biomarker to differentiate gastric cancer with and without lymph node metastases. We analyzed 369 individual serum samples including gastric cancer patients without lymph node metastases ( n = 33), gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastases ( n = 157; confirmed by pathology), and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals ( n = 179). The data showed that 85.4% of patients with lymph node metastases were positive for FPA with alanine truncation at the N ‐terminal (degAla‐ FPA , 1,465.63 Da), as determined by tandem mass spectrometry ( MS ). Using degAla‐FPA as the biomarker, the sensitivity was 85.4% for gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastases, and the specificity was 100% for gastric cancer patients without lymph node metastases. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved with serum degAla‐FPA levels indicated that MS technology could facilitate the discovery of a novel and quantitative prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer with lymph node involvement. Anat Rec, 296:590–594, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carboranyl Units Bringing Unusual Thermal and Structural Properties to Hybrid Materials Prepared by Sol−Gel Process (2006)

Strategies for the preparation of carboranyl-containing hybrid materials by hydrolytic sol−gel process were investigated with carboranyl-containing poly-trialkoxysilyl precursors: 1,2-[(CH2)3Si(OEt)3]2-1,2-C2B10H10 (P1) and 1-R-2-Si[(CH2)2Si(OEt)3]3-1,2-C2B10H10 (R = Me, P2 or Ph, P3). When P1 is used, the integrity of the precursor is preserved whatever is the catalyst (F-, H+), while for P2 and P3, cleavage of the Ccluster−Si bond is observed with F- and OH- as catalysts. Such Si−Ccluster bond cleavage leads to porous hybrid materials templated by the carborane, which is further eliminated from the material and totally recovered. In contrast, nonporous materials are obtained when carborane is preserved in the materials. Part of this hybrid material exhibits a lamellar structure in relation to the presence of the carborane units. In dry air, high thermal stability is observed for such materials and results in a very limited oxidation of the material at 1200 °C (weight gain of <5%). In an inert atmosphere, high thermal stability combined with several chemical transformations leads to a limited weight loss, graphitization, and oxide and under-oxide mixtures. Materials were characterized by IR, solid-state NMR (29Si,13C), porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, TGA, and XPS.
Peripherally Administered Angiotensin II AT<sub>1</sub> Receptor Antagonists Are Anti‐stress Compounds <i>in Vivo</i> (2008)

Angiotensin II AT(1) receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used in the clinical treatment of hypertension. Subcutaneous or oral administration of the ARB candesartan inhibits brain as well as peripheral AT(1) receptors, indicating transport across the blood-brain barrier. Pretreatment with candesartan profoundly modifies the response to stress. The ARB prevents the peripheral and central sympathetic activation characteristic of isolation stress and abolishes the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during isolation. In addition, candesartan prevents the isolation-induced decrease in cortical corticotropin-releasing factor 1 and benzodiazepine receptors induced by isolation. When administered before cold-restraint stress, candesartan totally prevents the production of gastric ulcerations. This preventive effect of candesartan is the consequence of profound anti-inflammatory effects, reduction of sympathetic stimulation, and preservation of blood flow to the gastric mucosa. The ARB does not reduce the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation during cold restraint. Preservation of the effects of endogenous glucocorticoids is essential for protection of the gastric mucosa during cold restraint. Administration of the ARB to nonstressed rats decreases anxiety in the elevated plus-maze. Our results demonstrate that Angiotensin II, through AT(1) receptor stimulation, is a major stress hormone, and that ARBs, in addition to their antihypertensive effects, may be considered for the treatment of stress-related disorders.
Securing Data Storage in Cloud Computing (2012)

Cloud computing is a new computing paradigm that attracted many computer users, business, and government agencies. Cloud computing brought a lot of advantages especially in ubiquitous services where everybody can access computer services through internet. With cloud computing, there is no need of physical hardware or servers that will support the company’s computer system, internet services and networks. One of the core services provided by cloud computing is data storage. In the past decades, data storage has been recognized as one of the main concerns of information technology. The benefits of network-based applications have led to the transition from server-attached storage to distributed storage. Based on the fact that data security is the foundation of information security, a great quantity of efforts has been made in the area of distributed storage security. In this paper, the authors tried to study the threats and attacks that possibly launch in cloud computing data storage and proposed a security mechanism.
Thickness of impact crater ejecta on the lunar surface (1970)

Calculations based on improved models for impact cratering indicate an average thickness (if spread uniformly) of ejecta from craters and basins between 2 and 500km diameters on the visible face of the Moon that ranges from 0.74 to 8.00km (best estimate values between 1. 36-2.39km), depending on combinations of critical parameters utilized.These parameters include: (1) initial effective diameters of craters of excavation, (2) depth/diameter ratios between 0. 05 and 0.35, (3) fractional enlargement of diameters by slumping (from zero to 50%), (4) efficiency of ejection, (5) frequency distribution of craters in the size range used, and (6) appropriate selection of circular structures as impact-generated.Chief uncertainty is the identification of those large basins definitely caused by impact; where mare-filled, the proper choice of diameter becomes critical.Contributions from mascon-related basins versus all roughly circular basins are treated separately.The general thinness of rubble cover ('-1-20 meters) on some mare surfaces implies that most major craters were formed early in lunar history.An anorthositic lunar highlands (indicated by Apollo 11 results) should be covered to varying depths with ejecta derived largely from impact iii basins cut into a pre-mare crust (anorthosite ?) that was continuous around the lunar sphere.Ejecta from earlier (now covered or destroyed) craters plus unknown amounts of volcanic ash would add to the average thicknesses that can be calculated from observable impact craters.
Mathiessen's Rule and Anisotropic Relaxation Times (1967)

Departures from Matthiessen's rule were measured for dilute alloys of copper with gold, tin, or germanium, and of silver with gold or tin; and for strained copper and silver. The concentration of alloyed elements ranged from 0.01 to 1 at.%; residual resistivities per atomic percent impurity are estimated to be known within better than 1% accuracy and were compared with Linde's values. In evaluating the deviations, corrections were applied for the volume dependence of the residual resistivity due to thermal expansion and the ideal resistivity due to alloying. The results were interpreted on a simple two-band model as due to different anisotropies of the relaxation times associated with different scattering processes; the expected temperature dependence of the anisotropy of phonon scattering was taken into account. At temperatures where the residual resistivity dominates, deviations from Matthiessen's rule become comparable to or greater than the ideal resistivity, making experimental determination of the ideal resistivity in this region open to criticism.
Resolution Improvement Using Auxiliary Pattern Groups in Oblique Illumination Lithography (1993)

In this paper we present a new resolution improvement technique for nonperiodic patterns where oblique illumination effects are limited. Since the problems are caused by nonperiodicity, a technique called auxiliary pattern group (APG) is introduced to supplement the periodicity. The effects of the APG are shown by simulation, and parameter dependence is also discussed. Experimental results for oblique illumination with a t -π mask confirm that using APGs improves the resolution and focus latitude.