gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequencing and expression of a gene encoding a bile acid transporter from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 (1996)

Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 expresses inducible bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation activity via a multistep pathway. The genes encoding several of the inducible proteins involved in the pathway have been previously mapped to a bile acid-inducible (bai) operon in Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708. We now report the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the baiG gene, which is part of the bai operon. The predicted amino acid sequence of the BaiG polypeptide shows significant homology to several membrane transport proteins, including sugar and antibiotic resistance transporters, which are members of the major facilitator superfamily. Hydrophilicity plots of BaiG show a high degree of similarity to class K and L TetA proteins from gram-positive bacteria, and, like these classes of TetA proteins, BaiG has 14 proposed transmembrane domains. The baiG gene was cloned into Escherichia coli and shown to confer an energy-dependent bile acid uptake activity. Primary bile acids were preferentially transported into E. coli cells expressing this gene, with at least sevenfold and fourfold increases in the uptake of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, respectively, over control reactions. Less transport activity was observed with cholylglycine, 7-oxocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. The transport activity was inhibited by the proton ionophores carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and nigericin but not by the potassium ionophore valinomycin, suggesting that the transport is driven by the proton motive force across the cell membrane. In summary, we have cloned, sequenced, and expressed a bile acid-inducible bile acid transporter from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the cloning and expression of a gene encoding a procaryotic bile acid transporter.
Direct NMR Measurement of the Folding Kinetics of a Trimeric Peptide (1996)

Direct NMR measurements of the folding kinetics are performed on a collagen-like triple helical peptide. The triple helical peptide was designed to model a biologically important region of collagen and has the sequence (POG)3ITGARGLAG(POG)4. Triple helical peptides were synthesized with specifically labeled 15N amino acid residues in key positions, and the kinetics of folding of the individual residues were monitored directly by measuring the loss of monomer intensity and the increase in trimer intensity. The residues at the terminal ends and central region could be followed independently and quantitated directly. Residues located at the terminal ends have rates and kinetics of folding that are distinct from residues in the central region of the peptide. This allows the monitoring of different steps in the folding mechanism and the postulation of the existence of a kinetic intermediate. The NMR data are consistent with a mechanism of association/nucleation and propagation. Hereditary connective tissue diseases are associated with mutations that result in abnormal folding of collagen, and the NMR folding experiments on a collagen-like peptide provide a basis for characterizing the molecular defect in folding mutations.
Denmark: Recent Economic Developments (1997)

7.2 -11.9 -7.0 -2.6 0.0 -1.0 1994 0.6'Previously the duration was formally set at 21/2 years but participation in active labor market schemes, e.g., subsidized job offers, could be used to extend the unemployment benefit period up to 8-9 years.*This is to take effect at the beginning of 1995.Failing to accept a reasonable offer could result in one week's loss of benefits and lead to suspension of benefits when repeated.Previously, unemployed received the maximum unemployment benefit level when participating in activation measures.With the changes, they could receive less than the maximum.
A system for determining optical brighteners in laundry detergents by TLC and HPLC (1992)

Twenty‐three optical brighteners have been separated on a thin‐layer chromatographic (TLC) system and a high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system. These systems can be used to identify and quantitate optical brighteners in laundry detergents. The TLC system uses four solvent‐absorbent combinations. The HPLC system uses a C 8 column and a binary solvent gradient program to separate the optical brighteners.
THE EFFECT OF MENGOVIRUS INFECTION ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE DNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE OF L-CELLS (1962)

Mengovirus is a small RNA virus, approximately 27 mµ in diameter, containing\nonly RNA and protein, according to the analyses of Faulkner et al. on the closely\nrelated encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. It is a member of the Columbia SK\ngroup of viruses which we have been studying in detail in recent years.\n
Room-Temperature 1.644 Micron Er: YAG Lasers (1992)

Room temperature Er:YAG (0.5, 1, 2 and 4%) lasers at 1 644μ were demonstrated by pumping with an Er glass laser at 1.535 μ. An end pumped arrangement was utilized simulating diode laser pumping. The characteristics ot these low threshold and efficient lasers are described.
Practical Optimization of EMI Reduction in Spread Spectrum Clock Generators With Application to Switching DC/DC Converters (2013)

We here consider the most common technique used in spread spectrum clock generators that is the frequency modulation of a timing signal by means of a triangularly shaped waveform. As a first step, we develop a reliable mathematical model of a spectrum analyzer, which allows us to compute the power spectrum as measured by this instrument for any signal put at its input. This is particularly important when considering spread spectrum clocking methods for electromagnetic interference reduction, since international regulations impose constraints on the peak of the spectrum of interfering signals as measured by this instrument. Thanks to the developed mathematical tool, we are able to theoretically prove that the maximum peak reduction of the measured spectrum is achieved for a well-defined frequency of the triangular driving signal. This is in contrast with what one can obtain by optimizing the theoretical power density spectrum, where the minimum interference is ideally obtained when the triangular signal has a vanishing frequency. The results are confirmed by measurements on two commercial dc/dc switching converters.
Aspect Sentiment Classification with both Word-level and Clause-level Attention Networks (2018)

Aspect sentiment classification, a challenging task in sentiment analysis, has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, we highlight the need for incorporating the importance degrees of both words and clauses inside a sentence and propose a hierarchical network with both word-level and clause-level attentions to aspect sentiment classification. Specifically, we first adopt sentence-level discourse segmentation to segment a sentence into several clauses. Then, we leverage multiple Bi-directional LSTM layers to encode all clauses and propose a word-level attention layer to capture the importance degrees of words in each clause. Third and finally, we leverage another Bi-directional LSTM layer to encode the outputs from the former layers and propose a clause-level attention layer to capture the importance degrees of all the clauses inside a sentence. Experimental results on the laptop and restaurant datasets from SemEval-2015 demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach to aspect sentiment classification.
A Novel Role of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin in Modulating c-Src Activation and Downstream Signaling of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, in which c-Src tyrosine kinase plays an essential role. However, the mechanisms by which VEGF stimulates c-Src activation have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) plays a critical role in regulating c-Src activation in response to VEGF. In vascular endothelial cells, VE-cadherin was basally associated with c-Src and Csk (C-terminal Src kinase), a negative regulator of Src activation. VEGF stimulated Csk release from VE-cadherin by recruiting the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 to VE-cadherin signaling complex, leading to an increase in c-Src activation. Silencing VE-cadherin with small interference RNA significantly reduced VEGF-stimulated c-Src activation. Disrupting the association of VE-cadherin and Csk through the reconstitution of Csk binding-defective mutant of VE-cadherin also diminished Src activation. Moreover, inhibiting SHP2 by small interference RNA and adenovirus-mediated expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of SHP2 attenuated c-Src activation by blocking the disassociation of Csk from VE-cadherin. Furthermore, VE-cadherin and SHP2 differentially regulates VEGF downstream signaling. The inhibition of c-Src, VE-cadherin, and SHP2 diminished VEGF-mediated activation of Akt and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. In contrast, inhibiting VE-cadherin and SHP2 enhanced ERK1/2 activation in response to VEGF. These findings reveal a novel role for VE-cadherin in modulating c-Src activation in VEGF signaling, thus providing new insights into the importance of VE-cadherin in VEGF signaling and vascular function.
Conformation-specific Binding of α-Synuclein to Novel Protein Partners Detected by Phage Display and NMR Spectroscopy (2007)

Alpha-synuclein (AS) is an intrinsically unstructured protein in aqueous solution but is capable of forming beta-sheet-rich fibrils that accumulate as intracytoplasmic inclusions in Parkinson disease and certain other neurological disorders. However, AS binding to phospholipid membranes leads to a distinct change in protein conformation, stabilizing an extended amphipathic alpha-helical domain reminiscent of the exchangeable apolipoproteins. To better understand the significance of this conformational change, we devised a novel bacteriophage display screen to identify protein binding partners of helical AS and have identified 20 proteins with roles in diverse cellular processes related to membrane trafficking, ion channel modulation, redox metabolism, and gene regulation. To verify that the screen identifies proteins with specificity for helical AS, we further characterized one of these candidates, endosulfine alpha (ENSA), a small cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion but also expressed abundantly in the brain. We used solution NMR to probe the interaction between ENSA and AS on the surface of SDS micelles. Chemical shift perturbation mapping experiments indicate that ENSA interacts specifically with residues in the N-terminal helical domain of AS in the presence of SDS but not in aqueous buffer lacking SDS. The ENSA-related protein ARPP-19 (cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19) also displays specific interactions with helical AS. These results confirm that the helical N terminus of AS can mediate specific interactions with other proteins and suggest that membrane binding may regulate the physiological activity of AS in vivo.
HER-Targeted Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors (2002)

Improved understanding of tumor biology has led to the identification of numerous growth factors that are involved in malignant transformation and tumor progression. Many of these factors induce cellular responses through receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase (TK) activity. Therefore, inhibiting receptor TK activity is a way to effectively block the tumorigenic effects that arise from these pathways. The HER family of TK receptors is overexpressed or dysregulated in many types of human cancer. As a result these receptors were identified as targets for cancer therapy. Several agents have been developed that reversibly, or irreversibly, inhibit one, two or all of the HER receptors. Tarceva and Iressa are HER1-TK inhibitors that are advanced in development. Clinical data show that these agents as monotherapy have antitumor activity in patients with various types of solid tumor and are well tolerated; encouraging data are also produced when Tarceva or Iressa are combined with chemotherapeutic agents. Other dual or pan-HER, reversible or irreversible, TK inhibitors are being investigated in phase I trials. Early data show that they are generally well tolerated and have provided evidence of antitumor activity. HER-TK inhibitors are exciting agents that are likely to have a substantial impact on the way we treat patients with cancer.
Three‐Dimensional MoS<sub>2</sub> Hierarchical Nanoarchitectures Anchored into a Carbon Layer as Graphene Analogues with Improved Lithium Ion Storage Performance (2013)

Much attention has recently been focused on the synthesis and application of graphene analogues of layered nanomaterials owing to their better electrochemical performance than the bulk counterparts. We synthesized graphene analogue of 3D MoS2 hierarchical nanoarchitectures through a facile hydrothermal route. The graphene-like MoS2 nanosheets are uniformly dispersed in an amorphous carbon matrix produced in situ by hydrothermal carbonization. The interlaminar distance between the MoS2 nanosheets is about 1.38 nm, which is far larger than that of bulk MoS2 (0.62 nm). Such a layered architecture is especially beneficial for the intercalation and deintercalation of Li(+). When tested as a lithium-storage anode material, the graphene-like MoS2 hierarchical nanoarchitectures exhibit high specific capacity, superior rate capability, and enhanced cycling performance. This material shows a high reversible capacity of 813.5 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 1000 mA g(-1) after 100 cycles and a specific capacity as high as 600 mAh g(-1) could be retained even at a current density of 4000 mA g(-1). The results further demonstrate that constructing 3D graphene-like hierarchical nanoarchitectures can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials.
Comparison of PD-L1 mRNA Expression Measured with the CheckPoint Typer® Assay with PD-L1 Protein Expression Assessed with Immunohistochemistry in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2017)

Testing of PD-L1 mRNA and 28-8 IHC showed an excellent agreement in NSCLC samples including mediastinal lymph node biopsies. Since PD-L1 expression in >50% TC detected by 28-8 IHC can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR, quantitative PD-L1 mRNA determination should be considered as an alternative to IHC as there is no interobserver variability in RNA results.
Using Click Chemistry To Fabricate Ultrathin Thermoresponsive Microcapsules through Direct Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly (2009)

We report the syntheses of azido- and acetylene-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) copolymers and their use in the fabrication of ultrathin thermoresponsive microcapsules through direct covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly using click chemistry. The clickable copolymers poly[N-isopropylacrylamide-co-(trimethylsilyl)propargylacrylamide] and poly(N-isoropylacrylamide-co-3-azideopropylacrylamide) were prepared through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at 0 °C using a synthesized dansyl-labeled initiator and the CuBr/Me6TREN (hexamethylated tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) catalyst complex in 2-propanol. After removing the protective trimethylsilyl groups, these clickable PNIPAm copolymers assemble alternately onto azido-modified silica particles in aqueous media through click reactions catalyzed by copper sulfate and sodium ascorbate. After removing the template, the microcapsules remained stable because of the presence of the covalently bonded triazole units; the microcapsules exhibited thermoresponsive and thermoreversible swelling/deswelling behaviors upon changing the temperature of the medium. Adjusting the number of clickable functionalities resulted in changes to the degree of cross-linking, thereby allowing control over the surface morphology and thickness of the covalently stabilized PNIPAm multilayer thin films. The microcapsules fabricated close to the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAm exhibited extremely low surface roughnesses and thick multilayer films as a result of their compact chain conformation in aqueous solution, leading to tighter packing of the PNIPAm structure. We further postfunctionalized the surface of the multilayer thin film through click reactions with an azido-modified lissamine rhodamin dye to demonstrate the feasibility of further modification with potentially useful functionalities. Finally, preliminary study on the permeability of microcapsules was presented by using different molecular weigh tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labeled dextran and rhodamine 6G as probe molecules, and the results revealed that the microcapsules with tighter packing wall are selectively permeable to molecules and show potential applications for the encapsulation of a variety of materials.
Molecular recognition of acyclic amines I: Co-crystallization of 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)-diethylamine with dicarboxylic acids (1996)

Abstract X-Ray structures of three co-crystals of 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)-diethylamine, normally occuring in liquid phase, with two molecules of fumaric - 1a, maleic - 1b, and one molecule of adipic acid - 1d, have been determined. Two conformations of the diamine molecule with different degrees of folding have been found in the crystal. Very selective molecular recognition between diprotonated diamine 1 and dicarboxylic acid molecules was observed in three crystal structures. Aggregates being building blocks of the co-crystals included one doubly protonated diamine molecule and six diacid molecules at different protonation levels, hydrogen-bonded through carbonyl groups.
Human pose estimation from a single view point, real-time range sensor (2010)

We estimate and track articulated human poses in sequences from a single view, real-time range sensor. We use a data driven MCMC approach to find an optimal pose based on a likelihood that compares synthesized depth images to the observed depth image. To speed up convergence of this search, we make use of bottom up detectors that generate candidate head, hand and forearm locations. Our Markov chain dynamics explore solutions about these parts and thus combine bottom up and top down processing. The current performance is 10 frames per second. We provide quantitative performance evaluation using hand annotated data. We demonstrate significant improvement over a baseline ICP approach. This algorithm is then adapted to estimate the specific shape parameters of subjects for use in tracking. In particular, limb dimensions are included in the human pose parametrization and are automatically estimated for each subject in short training sequences. Tracking performance is quantitatively evaluated using these person specific trained models.
Simulating Rapunzel's hair in Disney's <i>Tangled</i> (2010)

Hair simulation is known to be a complex problem in animation. In Tangled we have the extreme task of simulating 70 feet of hair for the film's main character, Rapunzel. The excessive hair length in addition to the loose style and intricate structure of the hair present many unique challenges in simulation. Moreover, the specific art direction of the film adds to the complexity of the simulation.
Polarization of the fluorescence of macromolecules. 1. Theory and experimental method (1952)

Research Article| May 01 1952 Polarization of the fluorescence of macromolecules. 1. Theory and experimental method G. Weber G. Weber ∗ 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1952) 51 (2): 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0510145 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. Weber; Polarization of the fluorescence of macromolecules. 1. Theory and experimental method. Biochem J 1 May 1952; 51 (2): 145–155. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0510145 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1952 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1952 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The development of an artificial saliva for <i>in vitro</i> amalgam corrosion studies (1978)

Published data, consideration of chemical and physical properties and the requirements of amalgam corrosion testing were used to formulate an artificial saliva. A previously described method was used to determine the relevance of a number of human saliva constituents. Some results of those tests are described. Practical problems are discussed, and necessary further developments outlined. A number of other applications are suggested.
Automatic Casing Swabs: A Production System That Can Add Years of Productive Life to Wells (1995)

Abstract This paper will describe the operating theory, hardware, safe operating principles, and trouble shooting of Automatic Casing Swab(ACS) tools. Ananalysis of conversions will show that ACS are a viable production tool that can be used as an initial production method or be used to add years of productive life to wells. A brief history and the operating principles of the ACS will familiarize the reader with the complex interactions of the various well components that can affect the successful operation of ACS tools. Examples of pressure transducers mounted in an operating ACS will offer some insight into the very dynamicnature of how an ACS tool operates. The paper will share the knowledge and experience gained through 5 years ofchoosing wells to be converted to ACS. The paper will draw on one company's experience of installing and operating over 100 ACS in Ohio, New York, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. A criterion will be developed that assists the operator choose the wells that have the highest potential of benefiting from ACS technology. Some of the factors considered in developing this criterion are well history, decline curve analysis, gas to fluid ratios, and pressure analysis. A discussion of the relative strengths and weakness’ of the various components of the ACS will be offered. This will allow the operator to recognize some of the critical factors, such as pipe roughness, that cannot bepractically measured but must be considered when selecting potential conversion candidates. The paper will review the economic impact of the 100+ ACS well conversions. The costs associated with installation and conversion, changes in operating expenses, and differing production rates are considered in the overall economic analysis of the converted wells. The analysis will show that the ACS offers an alternative method of production that can be appropriate as an initial production method as well as a tool that can potentially add years of productive life to a well.
High Calcium in the Diet and Vitamin D Inhibit a Bone Matrix Degrading Enzyme β - Glucuronidase Activity (1997)

A lysosomal and bone matrix degrading enzyme β-glucuronidase activity was measured in BALB/c mice fed high, medium and low Ca in combination with the i.p. administration of calcium-regulating hormones including parathyroid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT) and cholecalciferol(Vit D). After feeding experimental diets for five weeks, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the enzyme was fluometrically measured at 440㎚. β-Glucuronidase activity was inhibited by high calcium in the diet. In addition. vitamin D also inhibited the enzyme activity in the serum regardless of the level of dietary calcium. In contrast, PTH has shown to stimulate the enzyme at all the levels of dietary calcium. Calcitonin, an inhibitor of PTH action for bone resorption, revealed to curb PTH effect on this enzyme, whereas CT stimulated the action of vitamin D in the serum. The above results led us to conclude that osteoclastic bone resorption and senile osteoporosis may be reduced by adequate dietary calcium and vitamin D.