gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of shunts in solar cells by lock‐in thermography (2003)

Abstract Infrared lock‐in thermography allows to image shunts very sensitively in all kinds of solar cells and also to measure dark currents flowing in certain regions of the cell quantitatively. After a summary of the physical basis of lock‐in thermography and its practical realization, four types of quantitative measurements are described: local I–V characteristics measured thermally up to a constant factor (LIVT); the quantitative measurement of the current through a local shunt; the evaluation of the influence of shunts on the efficiency of a cell as a function of the illumination intensity; and the mapping of the ideality factor n and the saturation current density J 0 over the whole cell. The investigation of a typical multicrystalline solar cell shows that the shunts are predominantly responsible for deterioration of the low‐light‐level performance of the cell, and that variations of the injection current density related to crystal defects are predominantly determined by variation of J 0 rather than of n. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between Traditional Indian Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (2008)

We made comparisons between traditional Indian medicine and traditional Chinese medicine from several treatrnent methods of the two medicines,etc.

Key words: 
Traditional Indian medicine; Traditional Chinese medicine
A comparison of noise-shaping clock generators for switched-capacitor filters (2002)

A programmable clock generator for switched-capacitor filters (SCFs) that uses noise shaping to generate a wide range of sampling frequencies with fine resolution was described by Hurst and Rothenberg (see IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, no. 4, p. 403-411, 1995). In this paper, alternative noise-shaping transfer functions are evaluated for the clock generator. Simulated and measured results are presented. Finally, a tone detector that uses a bandpass SCF driven by the clock generator with first-order noise shaping is described.
A New Approach for Oxygenation Using Nitric Oxide under the Influence of <i>N</i>-Hydroxyphthalimide (1999)

An approach for partial oxygenation through a carbocation as an intermediate was successfully developed by using nitric oxide under the influence of N-hydroxyphthalimide. Thus, a variety of benzylic ethers were converted into the corresponding partially oxidized compounds, which are difficult to prepare by conventional methods, in high yields. For example, the reaction of phthalane with NO in the presence of a catalytic amount of NHPI at 60 degrees C gave phthalaldehyde in 80% yield. The reaction was found to proceed through the formation of a hemiacetal, such as 1-hydroxyphthalane. In addition, 1,3-di-tert-butoxymethyl benzene afforded 1,3-benzenedicarbaldehyde in good yield. On the other hand, isochroman was converted into 1,1'-oxodiisochromane under these reaction conditions. The reaction of ethers with NO in the presence of a NHPI catalyst is thought to proceed via the formation of a carbocation as an intermediate. A possible reaction path was suggested.
The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database: post-genomic data mining (2003)

The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database (UM-BBD, http://umbbd.ahc.umn.edu/) provides curated information on microbial catabolism and related biotransformations, primarily for environmental pollutants. Currently, it contains information on over 130 metabolic pathways, 800 reactions, 750 compounds and 500 enzymes. In the past two years, it has increased its breath to include more examples of microbial metabolism of metals and metalloids; and expanded the types of information it includes to contain microbial biotransformations of, and binding interactions with many chemical elements. It has also increased the ways in which this data can be accessed (mined). Structure-based searching was added, for exact matches, similarity, or substructures. Analysis of UM-BBD reactions has lead to a prototype, guided, pathway prediction system. Guided prediction means that the user is shown all possible biotransformations at each step and guides the process to its conclusion. Mining the UM-BBD's data provides a unique view into how the microbial world recycles organic functional groups. UM-BBD users are encouraged to comment on all aspects of the database, including the information it contains and the tools by which it can be mined. The database and prediction system develop under the direction of the scientific community.
A NiMoS flower-like structure with self-assembled nanosheets as high-performance hydrodesulfurization catalysts (2016)

Uniform 3D NiMoS nanoflowers with self-assembled nanosheets were successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal growth method using cheap and nontoxic elemental sulfur as sulfur sources. The structure and morphology of the nanomaterials were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and XPS analyses, revealing that the NiMoS nanoflowers were composed of ultrathin nanosheets with a thickness of approximately 6-12 nm. The HRTEM results indicate that the curve/short MoS2 slabs on the nanosheets possess the characteristics of dislocations, distortions and discontinuity, which suggests a defect-rich structure, resulting in the exposure of additional Ni-Mo-S edge sites. The obtained NiMoS nanoflowers exhibited an excellent activity for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene deep HDS due to their high density of active sites. The outstanding HDS performance suggests that these NiMoS composites with a unique flower-like nanostructure could be useful as promising catalysts for deep desulfurization of fuel oils.
Outpatient Administration of Paclitaxel (1994)

Paclitaxel (Taxol®, Bristol-Meyers Squibb), anti neoplastic agent made from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, is undoubtedly one of the most exciting agents to be evaluated over the past decade. Paclitaxel has demonstrated significant promise against ovarian and metastatic breast cancer, and appears to be the most effective single agent to date for non-small-cell lung cancer in trials conducted by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).
Redox chemistry of substituted benzenes: the one-electron reduction potentials of methoxy-substituted benzene radical cations (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRedox chemistry of substituted benzenes: the one-electron reduction potentials of methoxy-substituted benzene radical cationsM. Jonsson, J. Lind, T. Reitberger, T. E. Eriksen, and G. MerenyiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 43, 11278–11282Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100145a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100145a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1600Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Overexpression of c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product in chondrosarcomas]. (1994)

The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product in 40 cases of chondrosarcomas was investigated using ABC immunoperoxidase method. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 product was present in 36/40 (90%) chondrosarcomas and in 1/9 (11%) benign cartilage tumors. Normal cartilage tissue gave negative results. These findings indicate that c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product has practical value in diagnosing chondrosarcomas. c-erbB-2 positive grading showed a significant inverse correlation with the histopathological grading. Chondrosarcomas with high histological grade and poor differentiation showed a bias toward a decline in expression of c-erbB-2 product. The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product may be used as a differentiation marker.
GaN Power Module with High Temperature Gate Driver and Insulated Power Supply (2014)

Emerging GaN power switches show advantages for integration in power modules at high temperature and/or high efficiency. These modules are good candidates for embedded power converters in harsh environment such as three phase inverters for Electro-Mechanical Actuators (EMA) in the vicinity of internal combustion engines. The power range is usually within 1 to 5 kW, extending sometimes up to 50 kW, using a high voltage DC bus (HVDC) that is usually comprised between 200 V and 600 V. For aeronautical applications, GaN power switches could challenge SiC transistors for their high switching speed, hence reduced switching losses, therefore lower embarked mass. For automotive applications, it is the relative promise for lower cost per Amp that is pushing this technology up. This is why a project joining GaN device conception, power module development and gate driver optimization using high temperature technologies was set-up. This paper presents the first practical results: a functional GaN power inverter-leg driven by a specific high temperature gate driver with signal and power insulation. This building block requires an auxiliary DC supply with a input voltage of 14 V or 28 V and an external PWM control signal. Current rating is 20 A and breakdown voltage is 200 V.
Behavior of adult Simuliidae (Diptera). II. Vision and olfaction in near-orientation and landing (1974)

The number of simuliids orienting to a CO 2 source decreased with distance downwind from the source. The responses of Simuliidae to attractive and non-attractive silhouettes and to CO 2 revealed a marked ability of these insects to discriminate between targets during near-orientation on the basis of color, independent of the amount of CO 2 , and showed that vision was effective between 0 and 180 cm downwind from the CO 2 source. Models of long-range, middle-range, and close-range orientation by blackflies are proposed in terms of the sensory inputs to which the flies respond during orientation to attractive targets.
Time series forecasting using neural networks (1994)

Artificial neural networks are suitable for many tasks in pattern recognition and machine learning. In this paper we present an APL system for forecasting univariate time series with artificial neural networks. Unlike conventional techniques for time series analysis, an artificial neural network needs little information about the time series data and can be applied to a broad range of problems. However, the problem of network “tuning” remains: parameters of the backpropagation algorithm as well as the network topology need to be adjusted for optimal performances. For our application, we conducted experiments to find the right parameters for a forecasting network. The artificial neural networks that were found delivered a better forecasting performance than results obtained by the well known ARIMA technique.
Quantitative Characterization of Mitosis-Blocked Tetraploid Cells Using High Content Analysis (2006)

A range of cellular evidence supporting a G1 tetraploidy checkpoint was obtained from different assay methods including flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and microscopy. Cancer research would benefit if these cellular properties could instead be measured by a single, quantitative, automated assay method, such as high content analysis (HCA). Thus, nocodazole-treated cells were fluorescently labeled for different cell cycle-associated properties, including DNA content, retinoblastoma (Rb) and histone H3 phosphorylation, p53 and p21(WAF1) expression, nuclear and cell sizes, and cell morphology, and automatically imaged, analyzed, and correlated using HCA. HCA verified that nocodazole-induced mitosis block resulted in tetraploid cells. Rb and histone H3 were maximally hyperphosphorylated by 24 h of nocodazole treatment, accompanied by cell and nuclear size decreases and cellular rounding. Cells remained tetraploid and mononucleated with longer treatments, but other targets reverted to G1 levels, including Rb and histone H3 dephosphorylation accompanied by cellular respreading. This was accompanied by increased p53 and p21(WAF1) expression levels. The range of effects accompanying nocodazole-induced block of mitosis and the resulting tetraploid cells' reversal to a pseudo-G1 state can be quantitatively measured by HCA in an automated manner, recommending this assay method for the large-scale biology challenges of modern cancer drug discovery.
Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of rubella virus immunoglobulin M antibodies: comparison with sucrose density gradient centrifugation test (1977)

The solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method developed in our laboratory for demonstrating rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Kalimo et al., 1976) was further developed for demonstrating IgM antibodies. A total of 188 serum specimens were tested. The statistical probability of obtaining a false-positive IgM result, based on determinations of 100 rubella-negative sera, was below 0.001. Nonspecific inhibitors and IgM antibodies against other viruses tested did not interfere in the assay. In 2 out of 20 (10%) serum specimens with rheumatoid factor, a false-positive IgM result was obtained. The new RIA method was compared with sucrose density gradient centrifugation, followed by hemagglutination inhibition testing of the separated immunoglobulins with respect to demonstrating IgM antibodies. In patients with acute rubella infection, IgM antibodies were demonstrated by RIA in 9 out of 20 acute-phase sera and in all 20 early-convalescent-phase sera, compared with 7 out of 20 acute-phase sera and 19 out of 20 early-convalescent-phase sera by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The results obtained indicate that the RIA method is reliable and sensitive and suitable for routine diagnostic use.
Mutual Funds Classification Schemes and PerformancePersistence (1999)

This paper develops mutual funds classification algorism under which higher degrees of performance persistence within the same fund class may prevail. Specifically, we hope to find a classification scheme that does not exhibit the problem of performance reversals. Our sample includes 3,981 equity funds from 1992 to 1997. Fundsf standard deviation of monthly returns, average portfolio price/book ratio, average ROA, as well as stock holding ratios of major sectors are used in a factor analysis. The resulting four fund styles are stable and they are better in terms of performance persistence comparing to the Morningstar classification. However, consistent with prior researches, there are still some significant reversals of past performance. After we add a variable representing the degree of a fundfs momentum strategy to the factor analysis, the previous performance reversals are largely removed. This result shows that funds dynamic investment strategies should also be included when determining fundsf styles.

Key words:Mutual Funds, Classification, Performance, Persistence, Momentum
Structural Analysis of ATP Analogues Compatible with Kinase-Catalyzed Labeling (2012)

Kinase-catalyzed protein phosphorylation is an important biochemical process involved in cellular functions. We recently discovered that kinases promiscuously accept γ-modified ATP analogues as cosubstrates and used several ATP analogues as tools for studying protein phosphorylation. Herein, we explore the structural requirements of γ-modified ATP analogues for kinase compatibility. To understand the influence of linker length and composition, a series of ATP analogues was synthesized, and the efficiency of kinase-catalyzed labeling was determined by quantitative mass spectrometry. This study on factors influencing kinase cosubstrate promiscuity will enable design of ATP analogues for a variety of kinase-catalyzed labeling reactions.
Gettering layer formation in low-dose SIMOX wafers (2002)

The mechanism of SFT generation in low-dose SIMOX wafers was analyzed. It was found that generation of these microdefects inside the top Si layer is strongly suppressed in comparison with those in the BOX. Moreover, both processes occur at different stages of high temperature annealing and thus can be controlled by the proper optimization of annealing conditions. As a result, it seems possible to produce SIMOX wafers with a defect-free top Si film and a gettering layer located beneath the BOX.
Biochemical characterization of insect neuronal sodium channels (1993)

Abstract The pharmacological uniqueness of the insect sodium channels is indicated by their ability to bind the excitatory and depressant insect selective neurotoxins derived from scorpion venom. The latter were shown to bind and modify sodium conductance exclusively in insect neuronal membranes. The insect sodium channel polypeptides were identified by immunoprecipitation using site‐directed antibody, anti SP19 (corresponding to a highly conserved segment in the sodium channel α subunits), followed by radiophosphorylation and SDS‐PAGE autoradiography. Sodium channel polypeptide in the central nervous system (CNS) of insects belonging to four distinct orders (Orthoptera, Dyctioptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera) were shown to (1) serve as substrates for phosphorylation by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase; (2) be devoid of disulfide linkage to smaller subunits unlike sodium channels in vertebrate CNS; (3) be glycoproteins as demonstrated by endoglycosidase F treatment and binding to lectins; and (4) reveal a diversity with regard to their apparent molecular mass (M r 240,000–280,000) and partial peptide maps. The locust sodium channels were functionally solubilized (monitored by [ 3 H]saxitoxin (STX) binding) by 1% cholate, 0.2% Triton X‐100, and 0.22% phosphatidylcholine. About 40% of STX binding activity was recovered in the solubilized fraction without affecting affinity (Kd = 0.5 nM). The time and temperature dependent lability of STX binding activity, in the solubilized fraction, was prevented by 20 nM STX. Partial purification of the insect sodium channel by an anion exchanger yielded 20% recovery and a 3.5 times increase in specific STX binding activity. The presence of a radiophosphorylated 245,000 α‐subunit band coincided with the STX binding activity during purification. In sum, the above information concerning the solubilization and characterization of the insect sodium channel will pave the way to the molecular identification of the receptor sites of the insect selective neurotoxins. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards automatically configurable multimedia applications (2001)

We describe and illustrate an approach to the automatic configuration of component-based multimedia applications. The approach is based on the deployment of a run-time application model that mirrors the active application components, enabling changes to the configuration to be applied and evaluated in the model before they are deployed. The model employs a composite component structure, enabling complexity to be concealed except when detail is required. Constraints and QoS specifications are embedded in the model.
Relationship Between Corrosion and the Biological Sulfur Cycle: A Review (2000)

Sulfur and sulfur compounds can produce pitting, crevice corrosion, dealloying, stress corrosion cracking, and stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking of susceptible metals and alloys. Even though the metabolic by-products of the biological sulfur cycle are extremely corrosive, there are no correlations between numbers and types of sulfur-related organisms and the probability or rate of corrosion. Determination of specific mechanisms for corrosion caused by microbiologically mediated oxidation and reduction of sulfur and sulfur compounds is complicated by the variety of potential metabolic/energy sources and by-products; the coexistence of reduced and oxidized sulfur species; competing reactions with inorganic and organic compounds; and the versatility and adaptability of microorganisms in biofilms. The microbial ecology of sulfur-rich environments is poorly understood because of the association of aerobes and anaerobes and the mutualism or succession of heterotrophs to autotrophs. The physical scale over which the sulfur cycle influences corrosion varies with the environment. The complete sulfur cycle of oxidation and reduction reactions can take place in macroenvironments, including sewers and polluted harbors, or within the microenvironment of biofilms. In this review, reactions of sulfur and sulfur compounds resulting in corrosion were discussed in the context of environmental processes important to corrosion.
Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Water Extract of Danshen on Renovascular Hypertension Through Inhibition of the Renin Angiotensin System (2002)

A study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of anti-hypertensive effects of danshen in the two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt renovascular hypertensive model, which is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-dependent hypertensive model. We investigated the effects of water extracts of danshen on the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and hormone levels in the plasma of 2K1C rats. ACE activity was inhibited by the addition of danshen extract in a dose-dependent manner. SBP was decreased significantly after administration of danshen extract in 2K1C, whereas plasma renin activity (PRA) was not changed. The plasma concentration of aldosterone (PAC) was decreased significantly in 2K1C group administered with Danshen extract, whereas the plasma concentration of ANP was increased by administration of danshen extract for three weeks. These results suggest that danshen has an anti-hypertensive effect through the inhibition of ACE, an essential regulatory enzyme of RAS.
Throughput enhancement in cognitive radio network via coalition formation using matching theory (2015)

Recently there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of the coalition formation in a cognitive radio network and it has been shown that coalition formation tends to improve the performance of cognitive radios. In this paper, we use the concepts from matching theory to form coalitions among cognitive radio users for cooperative spectrum sensing under target detection probability constraint. In the proposed model we make use of one sided matching theory to develop an algorithm for the cognitive radios to form coalitions of varying size to improve their individual gains (.e.g. throughput and probability of false alarm). We show using simulations that the proposed matching algorithm for coalition formation yields significant gains in term of reduced false alarm probability and increased throughput per cognitive radio user as compared to non-cooperative scenario.