gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DECIM: Detecting Endpoint Compromise In Messaging (2016)

We present DECIM, an approach to solve the challenge of detecting endpoint compromise in messaging. DECIM manages and refreshes encryption/decryption keys in an automatic and transparent way: it makes it necessary for uses of the key to be inserted in an append-only log, which the device owner can interrogate in order to detect misuse. We propose a multi-device messaging protocol that exploits our concept to allow users to detect unauthorised usage of their device keys. It is co-designed with a formal model, and we verify its core security property using the Tamarin prover. We present a proof-of-concept implementation providing the main features required for deployment. We find that DECIM messaging is efficient even for millions of users. The methods we introduce are not intended to replace existing methods used to keep keys safe (such as hardware devices, careful procedures, or key refreshment techniques). Rather, our methods provide a useful and effective additional layer of security.
Synthesis and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 3-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acids and 3-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-piperidineacetic acids (1981)

A number of gamma- and delta-lactam derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities were compared. The structures of these compounds were designed to include many of the important features of captopril. The synthesis involved the preparation of a variety of novel 3-methylene-2-pyrrolidinones (3-5 and 16) and 3-methylene-2-piperidinones (3a-5a, 10-12, and 17). The key intermediate 3-methylenelactams 3 and 3a were obtained from 3-(hydroxymethyl)lactams 2 and 2a by a direct dehydration with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide using cuprous iodide as a catalyst. Introduction of the sulfhydryl group was accomplished by a Michael addition of these alpha, beta-unsaturated lactams. The compound with the highest in vitro activity was 3-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-piperidineacetic acid (7a). The activity of the 7a both in vitro and in vivo (dog) was shown to be less than that of captopril by a factor of about 100.
Demonstration of GaN-Based Solar Cells With GaN/InGaN Superlattice Absorption Layers (2009)

In this letter, we display InGaN/GaN-based photovoltaic (PV) devices with active layers in absorbing the solar spectrum around blue regions. The GaN/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> N superlattice layers grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy are designed as the absorption layers with the same total thickness. The PV effect is almost absent when the In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> N single layer is used as the absorption layer. This could be due to the large leakage current caused by the poor material quality and the relatively small shunt resistance. Devices with superlattice structure illuminated under a one-sun air-mass 1.5-G condition exhibit an open-circuit voltage of around 1.4 V and a short-circuit current density of around 0.8 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> corresponding to a conversion efficiency of around 0.58%.
Hypoxia Disruption of Vertebrate CNS Pathfinding through EphrinB2 Is Rescued by Magnesium (2012)

The mechanisms of hypoxic injury to the developing human brain are poorly understood, despite being a major cause of chronic neurodevelopmental impairments. Recent work in the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans has shown that hypoxia causes discrete axon pathfinding errors in certain interneurons and motorneurons. However, it is unknown whether developmental hypoxia would have similar effects in a vertebrate nervous system. We have found that developmental hypoxic injury disrupts pathfinding of forebrain neurons in zebrafish (Danio rerio), leading to errors in which commissural axons fail to cross the midline. The pathfinding defects result from activation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (hif1) pathway and are mimicked by chemical inducers of the hif1 pathway or by expression of constitutively active hif1α. Further, we found that blocking transcriptional activation by hif1α helped prevent the guidance defects. We identified ephrinB2a as a target of hif1 pathway activation, showed that knock-down of ephrinB2a rescued the guidance errors, and showed that the receptor ephA4a is expressed in a pattern complementary to the misrouting axons. By targeting a constitutively active form of ephrinB2a to specific neurons, we found that ephrinB2a mediates the pathfinding errors via a reverse-signaling mechanism. Finally, magnesium sulfate, used to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm births, protects against pathfinding errors by preventing upregulation of ephrinB2a. These results demonstrate that evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways regulate connectivity changes in the CNS in response to hypoxia, and they support a potential neuroprotective role for magnesium.
<title>Optical microdisk fabrication with sol-gel techniques and its application</title> (2001)

Optical microdisk array fabrication with sol-gel techniques was investigated. The characteristics of the microdisk array doped with Rhodamine B were studied with pulsed laser excitation. The whispering-gallery mode (WGM) emission spectra were observed. The WGM is very sensitive to the external circumstance under certain condition. The possible application of microdisk array as sensor also was investigated. We found the amplified spontaneous emission produced from microdisk array is very sensitive to the trace of material detected. The result showed that the microdisk as a kind of sensor has potential application in integrated optics.
Characterization and Catalyst Development (1989)

Catalyst characterization, if properly utilized, can be both the cornerstone of the science of catalysis and the "catalyst in its own right for industrial progress". As a long term research endeavor, its goal should be an understanding of the catalytic act on a molecular level, a clear elucidation of the nature of the individual catalyst sites and of their interdependence and interaction with each other as well as with the reactants. It must also provide a stimulus for the development of instrumental capabilities and instrumental and chemical techniques which are the tools for this research effort. A basic knowledge of catalysis and the ability to conceptualize a working hypothesis is a most desirable prerequisite for such studies.
Modeling of change in blood volume and extracellular fluid volume during hemodialysis (2013)

Knowledge of dynamics of shift of fluid volume between intra- and extravascular compartments during hemodialysis (HD) is important for managing HD treatment to help patients approach dry weight without hypotension. The Relative blood volume (RBV) monitor indicates change in plasma volume based on the difference between ultrafiltration rate (UFR) and plasma refilling rate (PRR) during HD. However, the absolute value of PRR cannot be obtained from RBV. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fluid transport from the interstitial to blood spaces can be quantitatively analyzed with a two compartments model. 14 patients (30 measurements) were studied. RBV using a blood volume monitor (BVM, Fresenius) and calf extracellular volumes (ECV) by calf bioimpedance device (Hydra 4200, Xitron) were continuously measured during HD. A mathematic model was established with unknown transport coefficients (k1, k2, α, β, γ, δ) and these coefficients were estimated using a Least Squares Optimization algorithm by fitting from experimental data. A high correlation (R(2)>0.8) between experimental data and calculation by the model were observed in both RBV and ECV measurements. Coefficients k1 and δ significantly differed with different degree of hydration. This model provides parameters which can used to understand relationships between degree of hydration and refilling rate.
Improvement of the Frequency Characteristics of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors on SiC Substrate (2017)

Analog applications attract increasing interest for graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). GFET with a cutoff frequency of up to 427 GHz has been reported; however, the device suffered from the large parasitic parameters and poor drain current saturation, which made their maximum oscillation frequency lower than the cutoff frequency. In this letter, quasi-free-standing bilayer graphene transistors with a gate length of 60 nm and ultra-thin gate dielectric are fabricated by an improved, self-aligned, process. Good gate coupling is achieved, and parasitic parameters are suppressed to a significant extent. The as-measured extrinsic cutoff frequency reaches 70 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency reaches 120 GHz, which are the highest extrinsic frequencies reported for graphene transistors to date. Our results show the application potential of graphene RF devices in future high-speed electronic systems.
The Use of Wearables in Clinical Trials During Cancer Treatment: Systematic Review (2020)

We found that definitions of outcome measures and adherence varied across studies, and limited consensus among studies existed on which variables to monitor during treatment. Less heterogeneity, better consensus in terms of the use of wearables, and established standards for the definitions of wearable outcomes and adherence would improve comparisons of outcomes from studies using wearables. Adherence, and the definition of such, seems crucial to conclude on data from wearable studies in oncology. Additionally, research using advanced wearable devices and active use of the data are encouraged to further explore the potential of wearables in oncology during treatment. Particularly, randomized clinical studies are warranted to create consensus on when and how to implement in oncological practice.
Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity of Neriifolin Against Codling Moth, Striped Cucumber Beetle, and Japanese Beetle1234 (1982)

Journal Article Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity of Neriifolin Against Codling Moth, Striped Cucumber Beetle, and Japanese Beetle Get access D. K. Reed, D. K. Reed Fruit and Vegetable Insects Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Vincennes, Indiana 47591 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Freedman, B. Freedman Fruit and Vegetable Insects Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Vincennes, Indiana 47591 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. L. Ladd, Jr. T. L. Ladd, Jr. Fruit and Vegetable Insects Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Vincennes, Indiana 47591 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 75, Issue 6, 1 December 1982, Pages 1093–1097, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/75.6.1093 Published: 01 December 1982 Article history Received: 30 October 1981 Published: 01 December 1982
High performance ZVT with bus clamping modulation technique for single phase full bridge inverters (2016)

This paper proposes a topology based on bus clamping modulation and zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) technique to realize zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for all the main switches of the full bridge inverters, and inherent ZVS and/or ZCS for the auxiliary switches. The advantages of the strategy include significant reduction in the turn-on loss of the ZVT auxiliary switches which typically account for a major part of the total loss in other ZVT circuits, and reduction in the voltage ratings of auxiliary switches. The modulation scheme and the commutation stages are analyzed in detail. Finally, a 1kW, 500 kHz switching frequency inverter of the proposed topology using SiC MOSFETs has been built to validate the theoretical analysis. The ZVT with bus clamping modulation technique of fixed timing and adaptive timing schemes are implemented in DSP TMS320F28335 resulting in full ZVS for the main switches in the full bridge inverter. The proposed scheme can save up to 33 % of the switching loss compared with no ZVT case.
Causal Discovery and Reasoning for Intrusion Detectionusing Bayesian Network (2011)

Computer security is essential in information technology world today; confidentiality, availability and integrity of data are the aspects concerned. Firewall has been widely deployed as a protection but it is no longer adequate to against the intelligent intrusions and attacks which keep changing and transforming. A network intrusion detection and analysis system has been introduced in this paper to resolve the problems of data confidentiality, availability and integrity. The challenge of the study is; first, to model the network intrusion detection domain and second, to perform causal reasoning for intrusion detection and analysis based on the domain model constructed earlier. In this paper, a methodology has been proposed to resolve the two problems mentioned above. Both problems will be addressed under causal knowledge driven approach where intrusion detection is viewed as fault diagnosis and prognosis processes. We have proposed Bayesian network for the modeling of network intrusion domain. Also, powerful reasoning capabilities of Bayesian network have been applied to discover intrusion attacks. Since the capabilities of causal reasoning using Bayesian network have not been fully discovered in the domain of intrusion detection by most of the researchers before, this research work is to bridge the gap. From the results of the experiment, we have concluded that the capability of Bayesian learning is reasonably accurate and efficient.
Returnn: The RWTH extensible training framework for universal recurrent neural networks (2017)

In this work we release our extensible and easily configurable neural network training software. It provides a rich set of functional layers with a particular focus on efficient training of recurrent neural network topologies on multiple GPUs. The source of the software package is public and freely available for academic research purposes and can be used as a framework or as a standalone tool which supports a flexible configuration. The software allows to train state-of-the-art deep bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) models on both one dimensional data like speech or two dimensional data like handwritten text and was used to develop successful submission systems in several evaluation campaigns.
Rapid thermal chemical vapor deposited oxides on N-type 6H-silicon carbide (1995)

The electrical characteristics of oxides deposited on nitrogen doped N-type 6H-silicon carbide using rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition are reported. The gases used in the deposition process were silane (diluted with argon), and nitrous oxide. The oxide was found to have an interface state density of 7/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/eV/sup -1/ and a low effective charge density of 1.1/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/. The deposited oxide is compared with oxide grown thermally on N-type 6H-silicon carbide by wet oxidation. The quality of the deposited oxide is found to be comparable to the quality of the thermal oxide. An excellent low thermal budget process to obtain good oxides on N-type 6H-silicon carbide has thus been demonstrated for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
H<sub>2</sub>-Driven Deoxygenation of Epoxides and Diols to Alkenes Catalyzed by Methyltrioxorhenium (2009)

Catalytic deoxygenation of epoxides and diols is underdeveloped. This reaction is appealing in the context of making value-added organics from biomass. Methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) catalyzes the conversion of epoxides and vicinal diols to olefins with dihydrogen (H(2)) as the reductant under reasonably mild conditions (150 degrees C and 80-300 psi). The only reaction byproduct is water. The reaction is selective for cis cyclic diols, signaling a mechanism of alkene extrusion from a coordinated epoxide via a metallaoxetane intermediate.
A new technique for motion field segmentation and coding for very low bitrate video coding applications (2002)

Motion estimation is a key issue in video coding. In very low bitrate applications, the amount of the side information for the motion field represents an important portion of the total bitrate. This paper presents a joint motion estimation, segmentation and coding technique, which tries to reduce the motion side-information while providing a similar or smaller prediction error when compared to more classical motion estimation techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protein microarray analysis reveals BAFF-binding autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (2013)

Autoantibodies against cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors inhibit normal immunity and are implicated in inflammatory autoimmune disease and diseases of immune deficiency. In an effort to evaluate serum from autoimmune and immunodeficient patients for Abs against cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in a high-throughput and unbiased manner, we constructed a multiplex protein microarray for detection of serum factor-binding Abs and used the microarray to detect autoantibody targets in SLE. We designed a nitrocellulose-surface microarray containing human cytokines, chemokines, and other circulating proteins and demonstrated that the array permitted specific detection of serum factor-binding probes. We used the arrays to detect previously described autoantibodies against cytokines in samples from individuals with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and chronic mycobacterial infection. Serum profiling from individuals with SLE revealed that among several targets, elevated IgG autoantibody reactivity to B cell-activating factor (BAFF) was associated with SLE compared with control samples. BAFF reactivity correlated with the severity of disease-associated features, including IFN-α-driven SLE pathology. Our results showed that serum factor protein microarrays facilitate detection of autoantibody reactivity to serum factors in human samples and that BAFF-reactive autoantibodies may be associated with an elevated inflammatory disease state within the spectrum of SLE.
A Factor Analysis of Barriers to Effective Listening (1990)

This study examined the most frequently encountered barriers that may affect listen ing effectiveness among business college students. A factor analysis indicated the presence of six listening barrier factors that concern students. In addition, the barrier "listen primarily for details or facts" was perceived to be the most frequently en countered barrier identifded by the students. The students' major or age had no bear ing on the level of frequency given to the barrier factors. However, two out of the six factors were significantly different based on the students'sex.
Radar reflectivity measurement : techniques & applications (1989)

Backscatter and attenuation theory clutter characteristics detection of targets immersed in clutter.
Interspecific relationships of antibiotic resistance in <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp.: isolation and comparison of plasmids determining tetracycline resistance in <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i> (1979)

Tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis was confirmed to be determined by plasmids of the same size. Digestion of plasmids from each strain with restriction endonucleases EcoR1, HindIII, and AluI showed a high degree of similarity in their DNA sequences. At least 10 cleavage sites which appear to be common to both plasmids were detected. An additional three cleavage sites appear to be unique to the S. epidermidis plasmid. Further, a survey of recent clinical isolates of tetracycline-resistant staphylococci detected 7 or 10 S. aureus strains and 8 of 9 S. epidermidis strains with plasmids which were of similar size to the purified reference plasmids and which, by hybridization, showed extensive DNA homology to the S. aureus reference plasmid DNA.
Runtime Power Management of 3-D Multi-Core Architectures Under Peak Power and Temperature Constraints (2011)

3-D integration is a new technology that overcomes the limitations of 2-D integrated circuits, e.g., power and delay induced from long interconnect wires, by stacking multiple dies to increase logic integration density. However, chip-level power and peak temperature are the major performance limiters in 3-D multi-core architectures. In this paper, we propose a runtime power management method for both peak power and temperature-constrained 3-D multi-core systems in order to maximize the instruction throughput. The proposed method exploits dynamic temperature slack (defined as peak temperature constraint minus current temperature) and workload characteristics (e.g., instructions per cycle and memory-boundness) as well as thermal characteristics of 3-D stacking architectures. Compared with existing thermal-aware power management solutions for 3-D multi-core systems, our method yields up to 34.2% (average 18.5%) performance improvement in terms of instructions per second without significant additional energy consumption.
Evaluation of a hydrogel based breast biopsy marker (HydroMARK®) as an alternative to wire and radioactive seed localization for non‐palpable breast lesions (2011)

While intraoperative sonographic visibility was excellent, a large number of excisions were associated with extrusion of the marker. Modifications are needed to improve acceptability of this marker for intra-operative localization independent of pre-operative wire or seed localization.
Physicists Question Safeguards, Ponder Their Next Moves (2002)

Recent revelations about questionable data in a handful of papers by Bell Laboratories physicist Jan Hendrik Schön and colleagues continued to reverberate throughout the condensed matter physics community last week. Researchers both inside and outside Bell Labs—the research arm of Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill, New Jersey—are asking whether formal peer review at journals and an informal review system at Bell Labs should have raised concerns earlier. And several teams have already begun to scale back efforts to extend the pioneering work that is now in doubt.
A genetic algorithm for channel routing using inter-cluster mutation (2002)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the channel routing problem based on genetic approach that uses a new type of mutation, called inter-cluster mutation. The performance of genetic algorithm-based channel router is improved by incorporating problem-specific knowledge into the inter-cluster mutation operators. A solution of the channel routing problem is represented by horizontal non-constraint graph (HNCG). The clusters information in the graph of the routing solution is used in the proposed inter-cluster mutation operators. The inter-cluster mutation integrates the concept of gradient descendent method, implicitly, into the genetic algorithm based channel router. We have implemented the inter-cluster mutation operators in C, and the results of the experiment show improved performance for genetic algorithm-based channel router using inter-cluster mutation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>