gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MANIPULATION OF DENDRITIC CELLS FOR TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN TRANSPLANTATION AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE1 (2002)

Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a complex system of uniquely well-equipped antigen-presenting cells that initiate and regulate immune responses. Extensive recent studies have improved our understanding of DC development, differentiation, activation, and function. DC exist as distinct subsets that differ in their lineage affiliation, surface molecule expression, and biological function. These factors seem to determine the T-cell polarizing signals and type of T cell response-T helper 1, T helper 2, or T regulatory- induced by DC (1). Evidence has accumulated that DC play an important role in both central and peripheral tolerance via various mechanisms, including induction of T-cell anergy, immune deviation, T regulatory cell activity, and promotion of activated T-cell apoptosis. Although many of the details of the molecular basis of DC tolerogenicity have yet to be elucidated, emerging information suggests that costimulatory molecule deficiency, expression of death-inducing ligands (in particular Fas [CD95] ligand), microenvironmental factors (in particular anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines), and inhibition of gene transcription regulatory proteins (e.g., nuclear factor-kappaB) can impart tolerogenic potential to DC (2). Manipulation of DC by control of their maturation and differentiation, or genetic engineering of these cells to express immunosuppressive molecules, offers potential for therapy of allograft rejection and autoimmune disease. In this brief overview, we outline principles and methods for generation of "tolerogenic" DC and outcomes that have been reported in experimental models. Space constraints limit literature citations.
Polysubstituted phthalocyanines by nucleophilic substitution reactions on hexadecafluorophthalocyanines (2004)

Nucleophilic substitution reactions on hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato zinc(II) with a variety of O, N, C, and S nucleophiles led to narrowly defined mixtures of polysubstituted phthalocyanines, some of which are completely inaccessible by classical phthalonitrile condensation reactions.
Temporary Wafer Bonding Materials and Processes (2012)

Temporary wafer bonding has been used for many years to provide mechanical support to device wafers during thinning processes. However, the advent of 2.5D and 3D integration is placing significantly higher demands on the performance of temporary bonding materials as more fabrication processes are required on progressively thinner wafers. In response, materials providers have recently developed several different types of temporary bonding solutions that seek to provide a robust carrier with a simple debond process. Typical 2.5D or 3D integration process flows will require more types of processes than just backgrinding and CMP to be done on the backside of thinned wafers. RIE, PECVD oxide deposition, lithography, and electroplating are some of the process steps that will be needed to complete the TSV interconnects. Each of these steps, and the order in which they are done, will impose certain requirements on the temporary bond material. This presentation will examine the different categories of available temporary wafer bonding solutions with regard to their bonding and debonding methods as well as their resistance to and compatibility with various BEOL processing steps. In addition, ongoing work at RTI to evaluate temporary bond materials for silicon interposer and 3D-IC applications will be presented. This work has been focusing on the interaction between these materials and the processing requirements of several photoimageable dielectrics.
RNA polymerase of influenza virus. IV. Catalytic properties of the capped RNA endonuclease associated with the RNA polymerase (1983)

Catalytic properties of the capped RNA-specific endonuclease associated with the influenza virus RNA polymerase were analyzed with use of synthetic hetero- and homopolymers containing 32P-labeled CAP structures at their 5' termini. The endonuclease displays its intrinsic activity provided that substrate RNA contains both the CAP-1 structure (m7GpppGm) and either A or U residues at 9 to 11 nucleotides distant from the CAP structure. Independent recognition of multiple RNA signals by the endonuclease was further supported by the findings that dinucleotide ApG, free CAP structures and RNA without the CAP structure inhibited the endonuclease activity to different extents. In the presence of four species of ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates, the endonucleolytically cleaved fragments with the CAP-1 structure were incorporated into polynucleotides, supporting the concept that they are used as the primers for the transcription. The initial nucleotide linked to the primers was a G residue, the nucleotide complementary to the second base of the 3' termini of the vRNA segments.
Pepsin and Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzyme III as Diagnostic Markers for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (2004)

Pepsin was detected in 8 of 9 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, but not in normal control subjects (0 of 12). The presence of pepsin was associated with CA-III depletion in the laryngeal vocal fold and ventricle. Given the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and CA-III depletion, it is highly plausible that CA-III depletion, as a result of pepsin exposure during laryngopharyngeal reflux, predisposes laryngeal mucosa to reflux-related inflammatory damage.
Enhanced monocyte progenitor cell proliferation in bone marrow of hyperlipemic swine. (1989)

This study demonstrated for the first time that bone marrow is a target of enhanced in vivo monocytopoiesis in hyperlipemia. A significantly greater number of bone marrow cells (BMC) were recovered per femur in swine fed a hyperlipemic (HL) diet compared with swine fed a normal (N) diet. In addition, a significantly elevated number of monocytic precursors proliferated in HL-swine compared with N-swine BMC cultures grown in standardized media in the absence of an exogenous source of colony stimulating factor (CSF). HL-swine sera stimulated a significant enhancement in the number of proliferating monocytic precursor cells, regardless of whether or not the BMC were from HL- or N-swine. In addition, HL-swine compared with N-swine BMC demonstrated an enhanced intrinsic capacity to form monocytic colonies in culture, irrespective of the source of swine sera used to stimulate growth.
Shear stress and the endothelial transport barrier (2010)

The shear stress of flowing blood on the surfaces of endothelial cells that provide the barrier to transport of solutes and water between blood and the underlying tissue modulates the permeability to solutes and the hydraulic conductivity. This review begins with a discussion of transport pathways across the endothelium and then considers the experimental evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies that shows an influence of shear stress on endothelial transport properties after both acute (minutes to hours) and chronic (hours to days) changes in shear stress. Next, the effects of shear stress on individual transport pathways (tight junctions, adherens junctions, vesicles and leaky junctions) are described, and this information is integrated with the transport experiments to suggest mechanisms controlling both acute and chronic responses of transport properties to shear stress. The review ends with a summary of future research challenges.
SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE(II) COMPLEXES WITH AROYLHYDRAZONES OF 2-PYRIDINE-CARBOXALDEHYDE (1999)

Abstract Manganese(II) complexes of terdentate N,N,0 donor Schiff bases (HL) are described. The ligands Hpabh, Hpamh and Hpadh are obtained by condensing 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde with benzhydrazide, 4-methoxybenzhydrazide and 4-dimethylaminobenzhydrazide, respectively. The reaction of HL with manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate affords [MnL2]. The crystal structure determination of [Mn(pabh)2] was performed. The complex crystallises in the space group P21/n with a = 9.836(3), b = 23.994(7), c = 10.222(3)Å, β = 104.14(3)°, V = 2339.5(13)Å3 and Z = 4. In the distorted octahedral MnN4O2 coordination sphere each ligand acts as a meridional N,N,0 donor utilising pyridine-N, imine-N and amide-O atoms. Electronic spectra of the complexes display charge transfer bands in the range 404–298 nm. Room temperature solid state magnetic moments (5.88–6.12βB) of the complexes are consistent with a high-spin d5 system. EPR spectra of the complexes suggest a similar distorted octahedral N4O2 coordination sphere around Mn(II) in each complex.
Mutations at Four Active Site Residues of Biotin Carboxylase Abolish Substrate-Induced Synergism by Biotin (1999)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The Escherichia coli form of the enzyme consists of a biotin carboxylase protein, a biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and a carboxyltransferase protein. In this report a system for site-directed mutagenesis of the biotin carboxylase component is described. The wild-type copy of the enzyme, derived from the chromosomal gene, is separated from the mutant form of the enzyme which is coded on a plasmid. Separation of the two forms is accomplished using a histidine-tag attached to the amino terminus of the mutant form of the enzyme and nickel affinity chromatography. This system was used to mutate four active site residues, E211, E288, N290, and R292, to alanine followed by their characterization with respect to several different reactions catalyzed by biotin carboxylase. In comparison to wild-type biotin carboxylase, all four mutant enzymes gave very similar results in all the different assays, suggesting that the mutated residues have a common function. The mutations did not affect the bicarbonate-dependent ATPase reaction. In contrast, the mutations decreased the maximal velocity of the biotin-dependent ATPase reaction 1000-fold but did not affect the Km for biotin. The activity of the ATP synthesis reaction catalyzed by biotin carboxylase where carbamoyl phosphate reacts with ADP was decreased 100-fold by the mutations. The ATP synthesis reaction required biotin to stimulate the activity in the wild-type; however, biotin did not stimulate the activity of the mutant enzymes. The results showed that the mutations have abolished the ability of biotin to increase the activity of the enzyme. Thus, E211, E288, N290, and R292 were responsible, at least in part, for the substrate-induced synergism by biotin in biotin carboxylase.
Photo-induced tunnel currents in Al-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Au structures (1975)

A study of photo-induced tunnel currents in Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Au diode structures is presented. It includes measurements of both spectral dependence and voltage dependence. The experimental results obtained can be accounted for by an analysis based on the trapezoidal model for the oxide barrier shape. The data suggest that hot-electron attenuation in the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ layer is insignificant.
Neutrophil leukocyte collagenase, elastase and serum protease inhibitors in human gingival crevices (1974)

AbstractExtra-cellular neutrophil collagenase and elastase were demonstrated by immunochemical methods in crevicular material from clinically healthy and chronically inflamed human gingivae. Collagenolytic activity was shown by viscosimetry and elastolysis by its digestive action on elastin agarose plates. Also the serum protease inhibitors, a,1-antitrypsin and a2-macroglobulin, were demonstrated in the crevicular material. The inflamed gingivae contained increased amounts of enzymes and inhibitors. The protease inhibiting capacity of a1-antitrypsin was saturated in material from inflamed as well as from healthy gingivae, but free neutrophil collagenase and elastase were found mainly in crevices of the inflamed gingivae. It was suggested that free activities of these two proteolytic enzymes might contribute to collagen break-down in gingivitis and periodontitis.Key Words: neutrophilperiodontal diseasecollagenaseelastase
An Optimal Solution to the Distributed Data Retrieval Problem (2010)

We consider the problem of accessing large data files stored at multiple locations across a content distribution, peer-to-peer, or massive storage network. We assume that the data is stored in either original form, or encoded form at multiple network locations. Clients access the data through simultaneous downloads from several servers across the network. The central problem in this context is to find a set of disjoint paths of minimum total cost that connect the client with a set of servers such that the data stored at the servers is sufficient to decode the required file. We refer to this problem as the Distributed Data Retrieval (DDR) problem. We present an efficient polynomial-time solution for this problem that leverages the matroid intersection algorithm. Our experimental study shows the advantage of our solution over alternative approaches.
Hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures with different aspect ratios (2004)

1-D ZnO nanorods with different aspect ratios were synthesized by a one-step, hydrothermal method. The ZnO nanorods grow along the [0001] direction to form single crystals. The experimental results reveal that the growth of polar inorganic crystals is sensitive to the reaction solvents.
2011 ANPA Meeting Abstracts (2011)

Background: Neuroimaging studies on brain correlates of rewarding experiences suggest a central role for the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Methods: This study investigates the functional connectivity patterns of the NAcc in 18 healthy participants, using a resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) protocol. Also, meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) was used to characterize patterns of functional co-activations involving the NAcc: the results of a structure-based meta-analyses of 59 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies were submitted to activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis in order to estimate consistent activation patterns across the different imaging studies. Results: The results of the combined rsFC and MACM analyses show that spontaneous activity in the NAcc predicts activity in regions implicated in reward circuitries, including orbito-medial prefrontal cortex, globus pallidus, thalamus, midbrain, amygdala, and insula. This confirms the key role of the NAcc in the mesocortico-limbic system, which integrates inputs from limbic and cortical regions. We also detected activity in brain regions having few or no direct anatomical connections with the NAcc, such as the sensori-motor cortex, cerebellum, medial and posterior parietal cortex, and medial/inferior temporal cortex, supporting the view that not all functional connections can be explained by anatomical connections, but can also result from connections mediated by third areas. Conclusions: Our rsFC findings are in line with the results of the structure-based meta-analysis: MACM maps are superimposable with the NAcc rsFC results, and the reward paradigm class is the one that most frequently generates activation in the NAcc.
Electrophysiology-based detection of emergency braking intention in real-world driving (2014)

Our study serves as a real-world verification of the feasibility of electrophysiology-based detection of emergency braking intention as proposed in Haufe et al (2011 J. Neural Eng. 8 056001).
Cellular and molecular diversity in skeletal muscle development: News from <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (1993)

Skeletal muscle formation is studied in vitro with myogenic cell lines and primary muscle cell cultures, and in vivo with embryos of several species. We review several of the notable advances obtained from studies of cultured cells, including the recognition of myoblast diversity, isolation of the MyoD family of muscle regulatory factors, and identification of promoter elements required for muscle-specific gene expression. These studies have led to the ideas that myoblast diversity underlies the formation of the multiple types of fast and slow muscle fibers, and that myogenesis is controlled by a combination of ubiquitous and muscle-specific transcriptional regulators that may be different for each gene. We further review some unexpected results that have been obtained when ideas from work in culture have been tested in developing animals. The studies in vivo point to additional molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate muscle formation in the animal.
Development of a Highly Efficient Catalytic Method for Synthesis of Vinyl Ethers (2002)

A new method for the preparation of alkyl vinyl ethers has been developed. Thus, various types of alkyl vinyl ethers were synthesized by the reaction of alcohols with vinyl acetate under the influence of a catalytic amount of [Ir(cod)Cl]2 combined with Na2CO3 in good to excellent yields.
Copper exchanged beta zeolites for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (2003)

Copper exchanged on beta zeolites are extremely active and selective for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen and water and this activity correlates to the ease of reduction of the copper species.
Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures (2019)

Biopolymer processing and handling is greatly facilitated by the use of ionic liquids, given the increased solubility, and in some cases, structural stability imparted to these molecules. Focussing on proteins, we highlight here not just the key drivers behind protein-ionic liquid interactions that facilitate these functionalities, but address relevant current and potential applications of protein-ionic liquid interactions, including areas of future interest.
True crystalline fibers: double-clad LMA design concept of Tm:YAG-core fiber and its mode simulation (2012)

We propose a sub-100 μm double-clad single-crystalline Tm:YAG square core adhesive-free bond (AFB) waveguide structure as a prototype gain medium for an LMA ~2-μm fiber laser with ~790-nm diode laser pumping and present its mode simulation. The structure uses an undoped YAG and ceramic spinel for the inner and outer claddings, respectively. The mode simulation indicates that such double-clad structure can have over 1000-μm<sup>2</sup> mode area in a 2% Tm:YAG core which will maintain a single transverse mode laser operation. The structure also has a large numerical aperture (~ 0.22) for the un-doped YAG inner cladding available for pumping.
Iron and enuresis (1992)

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems, and occurs in a wide range of age groups. There have been many recent opinions about iron, particularly in the infant's diet. There are no accurate Australian figures for the prevalence of iron deficiency in infancy, but a declining trend has been shown in the USA. In healthy infants iron deficiency is a preventable problem. Bed wetting or nocturnal enuresis may be defined as 'persistent and frequent involuntary urination during sleep, beyond the age at which voluntary control is usually acquired'. This age is about 5 years.
Exposing speculative thread parallelism in SPEC2000 (2005)

As increasing the performance of single-threaded processors becomes increasingly difficult, consumer desktop processors are moving toward multi-core designs. One way to enhance the performance of chip multiprocessors that has received considerable attention is the use of thread-level speculation (TLS). As a case study, we manually parallelized several of the SPEC CPU2000 floating point and integer applications using TLS. The use of manual parallelization enabled us to apply techniques and programmer expertise that are beyond the current capabilities of automated parallelizers. With the experience gained from this, we provide insight into ways to aggressively apply TLS to parallelize applications for high performance. This information can help guide future advanced TLS compiler design.For each application, we discuss how and where parallelism was located within the application, the impediments to extracting this parallelism using TLS, and the code transformations that were required to overcome these impediments. We also generalize these experiences to a discussion of common hindrances to TLS parallelization, and describe methods of programming that help expose application parallelism to TLS systems. These guidelines can assist developers of uniprocessor programs to create applications that can easily port to TLS systems and yield good performance. By using manual parallelization on SPEC2000, we provide guidance on where thread-level parallelism exists in these well known benchmarks, what limits its extraction, how to reduce these limitations and what performance can be expected on these applications from a chip multiprocessor system with TLS.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: nutritional and clinical implications - a review (2014)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are expressed in many tissues, including adipocytes, hepatocytes, muscles and endothelial cells; however, the affinity depends on the isoform of PPAR, and different distribution and expression profiles, which ultimately lead to different clinical outcomes. Because they play an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis, they are called lipid and insulin sensors. Their actions are limited to specific tissue types and thus, reveal a characteristic influence on target cells. PPARα mainly influences fatty acid metabolism and its activation lowers lipid levels, while PPARγ is mostly involved in the regulation of the adipogenesis, energy balance, and lipid biosynthesis. PPARβ/δ participates in fatty acid oxidation, mostly in skeletal and cardiac muscles, but it also regulates blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Many natural and synthetic ligands influence the expression of these receptors. Synthetic ligands are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia (e.g. fibrates--PPARα activators) or in diabetes mellitus (e.g. thiazolidinediones--PPARγ agonists). New generation drugs--PPARα/γ dual agonists--reveal hypolipemic, hypotensive, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant action while the overexpression of PPARβ/δ prevents the development of obesity and reduces lipid accumulation in cardiac cells, even during a high-fat diet. Precise data on the expression and function of natural PPAR agonists on glucose and lipid metabolism are still missing, mostly because the same ligand influences several receptors and a number of reports have provided conflicting results. To date, we know that PPARs have the capability to accommodate and bind a variety of natural and synthetic lipophilic acids, such as essential fatty acids, eicosanoids, phytanic acid and palmitoylethanolamide. A current understanding of the effects of PPARs, their molecular mechanisms and the role of these receptors in nutrition and therapeutic treatment are delineated in this paper.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Azobenzene-Incorporated Alkanethiol on Silver (2005)

The principal ingredient for obtaining SAMs is a relativelystrong interfacial binding asymmetry of the molecularconstituents. For the most frequently studied alkanethiolSAMs on Au or Ag, this is obviously provided by the sulfuraffinity for gold and silver an d a comparatively strong lateralinteraction arising from the van der Waals forces betweenthe chains.