gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA Interference Screen in Primary Human T Cells Reveals FLT3 as a Modulator of IL-10 Levels (2009)

Functional studies of human primary immune cells have been hampered by the lack of tools to silence gene functions. In this study, we report the application of a lentiviral RNA interference library in primary human T cells. Using a subgenomic short hair RNA library targeting approximately 1000 signaling genes, we identified novel genes that control the levels of IL-10 produced. IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by several cell types, including T regulatory type 1 cells, a subset of T regulatory cells that exert their suppressive activity through IL-10 secretion. FLT3, a known hematopoeitic growth factor, was found to be a negative regulator of IL-10 levels in activated T cells. This was based on several observations. First, FLT3 and its ligand (FL) were both induced by T cell activation. Second, silencing of FLT3 led to increased IL-10 levels, whereas addition of FL suppressed IL-10 secretion and increased FLT3 surface levels. Third, engagement of CD46, a known inducer of T regulatory type 1 cells, upregulated surface FLT3, and secreted FL, which then inhibited IL-10 production by T cells. Hence, FL and FLT3 form a novel regulatory feedback loop that limits IL-10 production in T cells. Our results identified FLT3 as a new regulator of T cell function and offer a strategy to genetically dissect specific pathways in T cells.
Heat pipes: the silent way to manage desktop thermal problems (2002)

The continuous increase in system power and decrease in available volume present challenges in desktop computer thermal management. Traditional desktop computer design has relied on natural convection from a heat sink placed directly on the processor. With increasing processor power, it has been necessary to add a processor fan to these local heat sinks. Components with moving parts are the most unreliable desktop computer components. The use of heat pipes may eliminate the use of processor fans and their inherent reliability concerns. A heat pipe heat sink is a passive cooling device that requires no moving parts, and operates silently and reliably. Heat pipe technology is emerging as a cost-effective thermal solution for the desktop industry. This paper explains the basic operation of heat pipes and provides a method to assess heat pipe heat sink design feasibility. Issues of heat pipe heat sink manufacturability and reliability are addressed. Fan sinks placed directly over the processor occupy the most valuable real estate in a computer and can interfere with the placement of add-on boards and other system components. Heat pipe sinks transport heat away from the obstructions and constraints of neighbouring boards to where it can be conveniently dissipated. The ability of the heat pipe to be formed to meet location and space availability and its characteristic low /spl Delta/T as a function of length permit the heat pipe heat sink system to provide the maximum effective heat sink surface area with minimum volume demand. The heat load can be conducted to open areas within the system.
The natural focality of leishmaniasis in the USSR. (1971)

The paper contains up-to-date information on the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in natural foci in the USSR. Data are given on the vertebrates that are the main carriers and reservoirs of leishmaniae, the phlebotomines that are the vectors of the parasite, and the conditions required for the independent existence of foci of infection unlinked with any human economic activity.The main achievements of Soviet investigators in research on natural foci are described, a preliminary schema is given for typing foci by the nature of the terrain, and there is also an account of biocoenoses in the wild animal burrows that constitute the primary natural unit foci. The biology and ecology of the main hosts of leishmaniae, the interrelationships between leishmaniae, vertebrate animals, and phlebotomines, and the conditions required for infection of human beings with leishmaniae are also discussed.
An improved wide dynamic range silicon photodetector for integration in image sensor arrays (1987)

DALSA Inc., Waterloo, Ont., has designed, simulated, and tested a novel silicon photodetector offering several important performance advantages over current industry-standard devices. Currently available imaging devices offered by various manufacturers are typically sensitive to varying light intensity over three orders of magnitude in optical power, while DALSA's novel design offers a logarithmic response of greater than six orders of magnitude in light intensity.Designed to use to advantage the subthreshold effect of short-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, the new device is readily integrated into large arrays featuring charge coupled device readout shift registers and metal oxide semiconductor support circuitry. Several devices designed by DALSA incorporating the new detector have been fabricated and tested, including discrete detectors, linear arrays, and area arrays.This paper discusses the theory of operation and performance of an improved wide dynamic range photodetector. Performance considerations include dynamic range, quantum efficiency, noise and noise equivalent power, responsivity, and speed. This photodetector can be integrated to form silicon image sensor arrays. Experimental results will also be presented that demonstrate a maximum-to-minimum detectable light intensity of greater than 10 6 .
Hierarchical Clustering of Business Process Models (2009)

Abstract. Business process is collection of standardized and structured tasks inducing value creation of a company. Nowadays, it is recognized as one of significant intangi-ble business assets to achieve competitive advantages. We introduce a novel approach to business process analysis, which has more and more significance as process-aware in-formation systems that are spreading widely over a lot of companies. In this paper, a methodology of business process clustering based on process similarity is proposed. The purpose of business process clustering is to analyze accumulated process models in order to assist new process design or process reengineering. The proposed methodology exploits structural similarity metrics of business processes. We illustrated the methodology with example processes inducing the hierarchical merged models from the process clusters.
Macromolecular engineering of polylactones and polylactides. 11. Synthesis and use of alkylaluminum dialkoxides and dithiolates, as promoters of hydroxy telechelic poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) and .alpha.,.omega.-dihydroxy triblock copolymers containing outer polyester blocks (1993)

peer reviewed
Cross-domain recommendation for large-scale data (2017)

Cross-domain algorithms have been introduced to help improving recommendations and to alleviate cold-start problem, especially in small and sparse datasets. These algorithms work by transferring information from source domain(s) to target domain. In this paper, we study if such algorithms can be helpful for large-scale datasets. We introduce a large-scale cross-domain recommender algorithm derived from canonical correlation analysis and analyze its performance, in comparison with single and cross-domain baseline algorithms. Our experiments in both cold-start and hot-start situations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Cytochrome P450 and Vascular Homeostasis (2001)

Since the initial reports that renal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can metabolize arachidonic acid to substances which affect arterial tone, it has become increasingly clear that CYP enzymes expressed within the cardiovascular system play a crucial role in the modulation of vascular homeostasis. There is strong evidence suggesting that the activation of a CYP epoxygenase in endothelial cells is an essential step in nitric oxide and prostacyclin-independent vasodilatation of several vascular beds, particularly in the heart and kidney. A smooth muscle CYP omega-hydroxylase, on the other hand, generates a vasoconstrictor eicosanoid that is central to the myogenic response. Moreover, CYP epoxygenase and omega-hydroxylase products, as well as CYP-derived reactive oxygen species, are intracellular signal transduction molecules involved in several signaling cascades affecting numerous cellular processes, including vascular cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This review summarizes the vascular effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, both of which are CYP-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid, endogenously generated within endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Although the link between CYP expression/activity and cardiovascular disease is currently tentative, the evidence being accumulated to suggest that CYP pathways are altered in animal models of hypertension and atherosclerosis can no longer be ignored. The development of selective pharmacological tools is, however, a prerequisite for the analysis of the involvement of specific CYP isoforms in the regulation of vascular homeostasis in human subjects.
Socioeconomic deprivation, readmissions, mortality and acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis (2011)

We have shown that exacerbations of bronchiectasis in South Auckland are more common in patients who are predominantly of Maaori or Pacific descent and are socioeconomically deprived. Admission to hospital for an exacerbation is associated with high readmission and mortality rates.
THE ACTION OF DICHLOROCARBAMIDE ON AMINES. THE SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-DIBENZYL-3-PHENYL-6-KETO-3-HYDROXYHEXAHYDRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAZINE. (1913)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF DICHLOROCARBAMIDE ON AMINES. THE SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-DIBENZYL-3-PHENYL-6-KETO-3-HYDROXYHEXAHYDRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAZINE.Rasik Lal. Datta and Satyaranjan Das. GuptaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1913, 35, 9, 1183–1185Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1913Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1913https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02198a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02198a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conclusion (2001)

Abstract This concluding chapter sums of the key findings of this study on the impact of the Algerian War on France's relations with the United States. It suggests that it was the latter which had the most influence in French foreign policy in dealing with the Algerian War, being the guarantor of the French Empire during the Fourth Republic. The chapter highlights the importance of the war in making Charles de Gaulle a second-time savior of the French nation, and in elevating his place in history and his claim to political sainthood.
Electrical Nerve Location (1984)

We compared the electrical characteristics of insulated and uninsulated needles in two models that simulate use of a stimulator for nerve localization. With a digital computer, we solved for and graphed the contours of constant electric field strength, defining regions of simulated tissue in which a nerve would become depolarized for a particular stimulation current. We found that with an uninsulated needle, these regions extend proximally along the needle shaft with their widest dimension located slightly shallow to the tip, but with insulated needles, the regions are almost circular and are centered slightly deep to the needle tip. We confirmed these findings by electrophoresis of bromphenol blue dye in polyacrylamide gel. We also found that the necessary stimulator current is much more dependent on the depth of needle insertion with uninsulated needles than with insulated needles. We conclude that the electrical characteristics of insulated needles are more favorable for successful nerve block.
JMJD5 Regulates Cell Cycle and Pluripotency in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2014)

In mammalian embryos, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent cells, a shortened G1 phase is correlated with the pluripotent state. To molecularly define this phase, we compared transcripts from the shortened G1 of human ESCs (hESCs) with those from the longer G1 of derived endoderm. We identified JMJD5, a JmjC (Jumonji C) domain containing protein that, when depleted in hESCs, causes the accumulation of cells in G1 phase, loss of pluripotency, and subsequent differentiation into multiple lineages, most prominently ectoderm and trophectoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the JMJD5 phenotype is caused by the upregulation of CDKN1A (p21), as depleting both JMJD5 and CDKN1A (p21) in hESCs restores the rapid G1 phase and rescues the pluripotent state. Overall, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the JMJD5/CDKN1A (p21) axis is essential to maintaining the short G1 phase which is critical for pluripotency in hESCs.
Propensity of Formate, Acetate, Benzoate, and Phenolate for the Aqueous Solution/Vapor Interface:  Surface Tension Measurements and Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2007)

The properties of a series of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylates and phenolate-mimicking functional groups of humic acid are discussed with regard to their behavior in aqueous solutions close to the surface. Both surface tension measurements and MD simulations confirm that sodium formate behaves in accord with the classical theory of surfaces of electrolytes, whereas sodium acetate and, much more pronounced, sodium benzoate and sodium phenolate show a more hydrotropic behavior with surface active anions. Further to the surface tension data, the MD results suggest that these hydrotropes are highly oriented at the solution−vapor interface.
The clinical utility of gene testing for Alzheimer’s disease (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the largest cause of dementia, affecting 35.6 million people in 2010. Amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 mutations are known to cause familial early-onset AD, whereas apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a susceptibility gene for late-onset AD. The genes for phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein, clusterin and complement receptor 1 have recently been described by genome-wide association studies as potential risk factors for late-onset AD. Also, a genome association study using single neucleotide polymorphisms has identified an association of neuronal sortilin related receptor and late-onset AD. Gene testing, and also predictive gene testing, may be of benefit in suspected familial early-onset AD however it adds little to the diagnosis of late-onset AD and does not alter the treatment. We do not recommend APOE ε4 genotyping.
Induction of peptide conformation at apolar water interfaces. 1. A study with model peptides of defined hydrophobic periodicity (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInduction of peptide conformation at apolar water interfaces. 1. A study with model peptides of defined hydrophobic periodicityW. F. DeGrado and J. D. LearCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 25, 7684–7689Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00311a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00311a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1577Altmetric-Citations339LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of polymerase chain reaction to identify pneumococcal infection associated with hemorrhage and shock in two previously healthy young children (1997)

A PCR assay was developed for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical specimens including blood and paraffinized tissues. We were able to detect one organism of purified DNA or 4.5 colony-forming units in blood. The primers did not cross-react with other upper respiratory tract streptococci or with pathogens commonly found in clinical specimens. This assay was used in an investigation of an outbreak of severe illness characterized by septic shock and hemorrhage in previously healthy children. PCR detected S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid and autopsy tissues of the two infants who died. The findings from this assay indicated that PCR offers increased specificity and sensitivity over latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis and should prove useful in the identification of additional cases of severe illness caused by S. pneumoniae.
Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints with small molecule inhibitors. (2019)

Immune checkpoints are known to contribute to tumor progression by enhancing cancer's ability to evade the immune system and metastasize. Immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, have been developed to target specific immunosuppressive molecules on the membranes of cancer cells and have proven revolutionary in the field of oncology. Recently, small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have gained increased attention in cancer research with potential applications in immunotherapy. SMIs have desirable benefits over large-molecule inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, including greater cell permeability, organ specificity, longer half-lives, cheaper production costs, and the possibility for oral administration. This paper will review the mechanisms by which noteworthy and novel immune checkpoints contribute to tumor progression, and how they may be targeted by SMIs and epigenetic modifiers to offer possible adjuvants to established therapeutic regimens. SMIs target immune checkpoints in several ways, such as blocking signaling between tumorigenic factors, building immune tolerance, and direct inhibition via epigenetic repression of immune inhibitory molecules. Further investigation into combination therapies utilizing SMIs and conventional cancer therapies will uncover new treatment options that may provide better patient outcomes across a range of cancers.
Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2 (2019)

Although Kraken's k-mer-based approach provides a fast taxonomic classification of metagenomic sequence data, its large memory requirements can be limiting for some applications. Kraken 2 improves upon Kraken 1 by reducing memory usage by 85%, allowing greater amounts of reference genomic data to be used, while maintaining high accuracy and increasing speed fivefold. Kraken 2 also introduces a translated search mode, providing increased sensitivity in viral metagenomics analysis.
High-Speed FMCW Radar Frequency Synthesizer With DDS Based Linearization (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Recently <citerefgrp><citeref refid="ref1"/></citerefgrp>, we introduced a software linearization technique for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar applications using a nonlinear direct digital synthesizer based frequency source. In this letter, we present a method that uses this unconventional, cost efficient, basically nonlinear synthesizer concept, but is capable of linearizing the frequency chirp directly in hardware by means of defined sweep predistortion. Additionally, the concept is extended for the generation of defined nonlinear frequency courses and verified on measurements with a 2.45-GHz FMCW radar prototype. </para>
Translating Ocular Biomechanics into Clinical Practice: Current State and Future Prospects (2014)

Biomechanics is the study of the relationship between forces and function in living organisms and is thought to play a critical role in a significant number of ophthalmic disorders. This is not surprising, as the eye is a pressure vessel that requires a delicate balance of forces to maintain its homeostasis. Over the past few decades, basic science research in ophthalmology mostly confirmed that ocular biomechanics could explain in part the mechanisms involved in almost all major ophthalmic disorders such as optic nerve head neuropathies, angle closure, ametropia, presbyopia, cataract, corneal pathologies, retinal detachment and macular degeneration. Translational biomechanics in ophthalmology, however, is still in its infancy. It is believed that its use could make significant advances in diagnosis and treatment. Several translational biomechanics strategies are already emerging, such as corneal stiffening for the treatment of keratoconus, and more are likely to follow. This review aims to cultivate the idea that biomechanics plays a major role in ophthalmology and that the clinical translation, lead by collaborative teams of clinicians and biomedical engineers, will benefit our patients. Specifically, recent advances and future prospects in corneal, iris, trabecular meshwork, crystalline lens, scleral and lamina cribrosa biomechanics are discussed.
Fast polarization self-modulation in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2002)

For many applications, it is important to modulate a semiconductor laser at very high rates (/spl ges/ tens GHz). Recently, a technique based on the self-modulation of the polarization in an edge-emitting semiconductor laser was used for generating high frequency optical pulses without requiring high-speed electronics. In this paper, a demonstration of polarization self-modulation using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is presented. VCSELs exhibit different intrinsic polarization properties from edge-emitting lasers are particularly well suited for two dimensional array applications including optical interconnection and optical storage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>