gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-ferroelectric-like ZrO<inf>2</inf> non-volatile memory: Inducing non-volatility within state-of-the-art DRAM (2017)

Even though the discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> enabled further scaling of ferroelectric (FE) memories, these memories suffer from limited endurance. Recently, we showed how the non-volatility can be induced within the state-of-the-art DRAM capacitor stacks. By using an asymmetric stack, comprising electrodes with different workfunction values an internal bias field can be used to make anti-ferroelectric (AFE) ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , which is used as a dielectric in DRAM, non-volatile (NV). In this way, an excellent endurance compared to HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based ferroelectric memories is achieved. In this work we provide an overview of theoretical considerations and different methods which can be utilized for the introduction of the internal bias field required for centering of one of the AFE hysteresis loops. Furthermore, memory performance and design limitations due to stack asymmetry are discussed. In addition, an operation scheme for this novel AFE NV memory is suggested.
Echocardiographic evaluation of the Jarvik 2000 axial-flow LVAD. (2005)

From April 2000 through September 2001, we studied 11 patients with the Jarvik 2000--a left ventricular assist device with an axial-flow pump that provides continuous blood flow--to determine the echocardiographic characteristics. All patients underwent complete echocardiographic examination, including outflow-graft flow evaluation 24 hours after implantation and each month thereafter for the duration of support. Data were obtained at each pump setting (8000-12000 rpm in 1000-rpm increments) and with the pump off. Left ventricular dimensions and shortening fraction and the duration of aortic valve systolic opening decreased as pump speed increased. Although the aortic valve remained closed at higher pump speeds, pump outflow-graft flow remained pulsatile, because of the systolic thrust of the assisted ventricle. Systolic dominance of phasic flow was more pronounced at lower pump speeds, due to normalization of the diseased heart's Starling response. When the aortic valve was closed continuously, echocardiographic contrast (indicating blood stasis) was noted in the aortic root. Because of the pump outflow graft's proximity to the chest wall, device output could be measured independently of cardiac contributions. Mean peak outflow-graft flow velocities were 0.75 +/- 0.30 m/s (systolic) and 0.41 +/- 0. 13 m/s (diastolic). When the pump was turned off briefly there was minimal regurgitation through the device into the left ventricle. This 1st echocardiographic heart function analysis of the Jarvik 2000 confirms that the device unloads the ventricle and increases cardiac output. Cardiac responses to device-speed changes can be evaluated readily with echocardiography in the early and late postoperative period.
Activity of hydrophobic catalyst based on LaNi/sub 5/ and polytetrafluoroethylene in isotopic exchange reaction of hydrogen with water (1986)

The kinetics of isotopic exchange of hydrogen with water were studied on the hydrophobic LaNi/sub 5/-PTFE catalyst in the temperature range of 313-393/sup 0/K and pressure range of 1.3 x 10/sup 4/-10.1 x 10/sup 4/ Pa. The limiting stage of the process was found. The catalytic activity of the catalyst studied was compared with that of catalysts used in industry.
Surprising specificity of PKR binding to delta agent genomic RNA. (1997)

A direct, ribonuclease T1 protection assay was employed to study the binding of a delta agent genomic RNA transcript containing the conserved domain to the double-stranded RNA- (dsRNA-) dependent protein kinase of mammalian cells, PKR (also known as DAI, p1-elF2, or p68 kinase). In a control reaction, this assay identified a major portion of the same PKR binding site in VA RNA as deduced previously using a footprinting technique (Clarke PA, Mathews MB, 1995, RNA 1:1-20). Although delta agent RNA contains extensive secondary structure throughout the conserved region, we found a remarkable specificity in its PKR binding. The same region was protected by intact PKR and by a 184-amino acid fragment thereof containing the two RNA-binding motifs (dsRBMs) but lacking kinase activity. Two specific opposed, continuous segments of delta agent RNA (extending about 65-70 bases) were obtained reproducibly. Each is more than twice as long as those protected in VA RNA (about 25 bases), suggesting the involvement of PKR dimers in delta RNA binding. The PKR-protected region of delta agent RNA also contains a characteristic tertiary structural element that may be involved in binding specificity.
Data Replication Placement Strategy Based On Bidding Mode for Cloud Storage Cluster (2014)

The data availability in large-scale cloud storage has been increasing by means of data replica. To provide cost-effective availability, minimize the response time of applications and make load balancing for cloud storage, a new replica placement policy with bidding thought is proposed. The policy combines the own characteristics of replica and factors of bidding mode(e.g. bidding time, bidding standard, bidding price etc.) and starts replica bidding activity when the file data availability cannot meet the given requirement. Replica placement is based on capacity and accessing probability of data nodes. The experimental results show that our policy has a better performance in both load balance and response time comparing to the static replica policy and CDRM scheme.
Tele-collaboration in Parallel Worlds (2003)

We present a new paradigm of human to human asymmetric collaboration where the participants seamlessly collaborate in parallel virtual and real worlds. Current tele-collaboration systems deal only with collaboration purely in the real or the virtual worlds. The use of a combination of virtual and real worlds allows us to leverage the advantages from both the worlds. We present a working system applied to a chess scenario that demonstrates the concept and potential of a Parallel Worlds system.
Regenerative Pharmacology: Recent Developments And Future Perspectives (2016)

This review focuses on the current status of research that utilizes the application of pharmacological sciences to accelerate, optimize and characterize the development, maturation and function of bioengineered and regenerating tissues. These regenerative pharmacologic approaches have been applied to diseases of the urogenital tract, the heart, the brain, the musculoskeletal system and diabetes. Approaches have included the use of growth factors (such as VEGF and chemokines (stromal-derived factor - CXCL12) to mobilize cell to the sights of tissue loss or damage. The promise of this approach is to bypass the lengthy and expensive processes of cell isolation and implant fabrication to stimulate the body to heal itself with its own tissue regenerative pathways.
Pyrophosphates of Tetravalent Elements and a Mössbauer Study of SnP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (1975)

Cubic M 4+ P 2 O 7 pyrophosphates of Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, and Pb have been examined by X-ray powder diffractometry and by infrared, Raman, and Mössbauer 119 Sn spectroscopy. The tin compound appeared to be of Chaunac's type I (with P 2 O 7 groups oriented at random) and could be converted to type II (with ordered P 2 O 7 groups) by heating to high temperatures. All the other preparations were of Chaunac's type II. Evidence from lattice parameters and intensity features of the Raman spectra suggests that the cubic MP 2 O 7 pyrophosphates fall in two groups, one containing the compounds of the typical elements (Ge, Sn, Pb) and the other, the compounds of the transition elements. No support has been found for the view that the P—O—P groupings of the pyrophosphate anion in these compounds are linear. The 119 Sn chemical shift in SnP 2 O 7 is only slightly less negative than the shift in CuSnF 6 .4H 2 O, which makes SnP 2 O 7 one of the most ionic compounds of tetravalent tin known. The observed quadrupole splitting in the Mössbauer spectrum of SnP 2 O 7 arises largely from the contribution of the valence term to the electric field gradient at the Sn atom.
Regulation and cell-type-specific activity of a promoter located upstream of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1990)

To identify promoter regions which control expression of the latency-associated transcript (LAT) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), we constructed a series of recombinant vectors in which various sequences upstream of LAT were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and tested for expression efficiency by transfection into tissue culture cells. In HeLa cells no activity was observed from the region (-250 to +201) immediately surrounding the nominal 5' end of LAT, but high levels of activity were observed by using different fragments within the region -1267 to -594. This promoter activity was largely contained within the 140-base-pair region from -797 to -658 and was 20- to 50-fold stronger than typical HSV delayed-early promoters and at least as strong as the activity from the simian virus 40 (SV40) enhancer-promoter region or the HSV immediate-early 110,000-Mr (IE110K) promoter region. In human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), there was a dramatic switch in relative activities in favor of the LAT promoter, so that it was 45- and 200-fold stronger than the IE110K and SV40 constructs, respectively. Furthermore, optimal activity in the neuroblastoma cells required sequences within the region -1267 to -797. This region had little effect on activity in HeLa cells. We also show that the LAT promoter activity was very efficiently repressed by the IE175K protein. From internal deletion analysis, the site of repression was located within a 55-base-pair region just downstream of a potential TATA box. This region exhibited a high degree of homology with the IE175K cap site and may be a binding site for the IE175K protein.
Decoupling torque control system for automotive engine tester (2000)

This paper presents a novel decoupling control method for the engine torque control of an automobile engine tester. The engine tester is mainly composed of a dynamometer control system and an engine control system. The conventional engine tester has the problem that the performance of the engine torque control system is deteriorated by the influences of the interference between the dynamometer speed control system and the engine torque control system. The authors proposed the practical engine torque control system based on an observer and an identification system to eliminate the interference of the dynamometer speed control system. The effect of observer's parameter error on the engine torque estimation response was analyzed. According to the result of this analysis, a practical method is proposed to identify the engine inertia moment and the shaft spring coefficient that are parameters of the observer. The authors confirmed through simulation and experiments that the proposed decoupling engine torque control system realizes a robust control system from the interference with the dynamometer speed control system.
Self-aligned bipolar transistors for high-performance and low-power-delay VLSI (1981)

An n-p-n bipolar transistor structure with the emitter region self-aligned to the polysilicon base contact is described. The self-alignment results in an emitter-to-base contact separation less than 0.4 µm and a collector-to-emitter area ratio about 3:1 for a two-sided base contact. This ratio can be less than 2:1 for a base contacted only on one side. The vertical doping profile can be optimized independently for high-performance and/or high-density and low-power-delay circuit applications. The technology, using recessed oxide isolation, was evaluated using 13-stage nonthreshold logic (NTL) and 11-stage merged-transition logic (MTL) ring-oscillator circuits designed with 2.5 µm design rules. For transistors with 200-nm emitter junction depth the common-emitter current gain for polysilicon emitter contact is typically 2-4 times that for Pd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Si emitter contact. There is no observable circuit performance degradation attributable to the polysilicon emitter contact. Typical observed per-stage delays were 190 ps at 1.3 mW and 120 ps at 2.3 mW for the NTL ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FI = FO = 1</tex> ) circuits and 1.3 ns at 0.15 mA for the MTL ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FO = 4</tex> ) circuits.
Therapy for Alzheimerʼs Disease: Choosing a Target (1991)

There are two levels on which therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be approached. The first concerns attempts to develop drugs to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Almost all of the ongoing drug trials fit into this category. The second level of treatments will be designed to alter the rate of progression of the disease, and perhaps even try to reverse some of the molecular and structural abnormalities. At neither level is it clear that we can identify the key features of AD that should be the prime target of therapeutic strategies. This article will review the major biochemical abnormalities reported to occur in patients with AD, and the relative merits of targeting drug development research to these.
Potential roles for quantitative ultrasound in the management of osteoporosis (2000)

Of the four possible models for QUS, the use of QUS for the estimation of BMD, or in a "standalone" model, can not be recommended at the current time. The model of QUS as a "prescreening" modality may be acceptable assuming adequate education of clinicians and patients of its limitations, particularly the risk of false negatives. The model of QUS as one factor in a composite risk factor assessment of patients is promising but more data are required.
Recursive linear prediction for clock synchronization (2005)

An interest in the application of communication techniques to the recovery of information from magnetic recording has lead to an investigation of clock synchronization for these channels. The work presented here demonstrates a means of extracting clocking information using a lattice linear predictor on a received digital data stream, such as seen from a recording channel. The lattice linear predictor accurately follows the transient behavior of the digital symbols and isolates the symbols to form a sync signal suitable for driving a phase-locked-loop. The supression of noise using this technique enables the bandwidth of the locked oscillator to be sufficient to allow rapid tracking of the varying data rate associated with magnetic readback signals.
Transfer Learning from Deep Features for Remote Sensing and Poverty Mapping (2016)

The lack of reliable data in developing countries is a major obstacle to sustainable development, food security, and disaster relief. Poverty data, for example, is typically scarce, sparse in coverage, and labor-intensive to obtain. Remote sensing data such as high-resolution satellite imagery, on the other hand, is becoming increasingly available and inexpensive. Unfortunately, such data is highly unstructured and currently no techniques exist to automatically extract useful insights to inform policy decisions and help direct humanitarian efforts. We propose a novel machine learning approach to extract large-scale socioeconomic indicators from high-resolution satellite imagery. The main challenge is that training data is very scarce, making it difficult to apply modern techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We therefore propose a transfer learning approach where nighttime light intensities are used as a data-rich proxy. We train a fully convolutional CNN model to predict nighttime lights from daytime imagery, simultaneously learning features that are useful for poverty prediction. The model learns filters identifying different terrains and man-made structures, including roads, buildings, and farmlands, without any supervision beyond nighttime lights. We demonstrate that these learned features are highly informative for poverty mapping, even approaching the predictive performance of survey data collected in the field.
Tryton I, First-In-Man (FIM) study: six month clinical and angiographic outcome, analysis with new quantitative coronary angiography dedicated for bifurcation lesions (2008)

To report clinical and angiographic follow-up at 6 months after implantation of the Tryton Side-Branch Stent dedicated to bifurcation, in conjunction with standard workhorse drug-eluting stent (DES).Patients having angina or silent myocardial ischaemia with de novo bifurcation lesions were enrolled at three sites. The Tryton stent was first placed in the side-branch and a standard DES subsequently implanted in the main-branch. The primary endpoint was freedom from in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following procedural success. Angiographic and clinical follow-up was performed at 6-months. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was analysed with a new dedicated bifurcation software. Thirty patients were enrolled. At six months clinical follow-up was available in 100% with angiographic follow-up performed in 78%. The primary endpoint was met in 93.3%. The MACE rate at 6 months was 9.9%. QCA analysis demonstrated late luminal loss of 0.17 mm with no restenosis in the side branch.In conjunction with a workhorse DES to treat bifurcation lesions, the Tryton side-branch stent demonstrated acceptable clinical outcome and low side-branch late loss at six months.
Soft Microporous Green Materials from Natural Soybean Oil (2008)

Sweet or savory? Controlled porosity has been introduced in a gelled soybean oil by employing a particulate leaching method with sugar and salt templates. The materials resulting from unmodified natural soybean oil show high porosity and important water-draining properties. These new biodegradable soft materials may be suitable for high-technology applications such as tissue engineering or pollutant scavenging.
Somatostatin depresses excitability in neurons of the solitary tract complex through hyperpolarization and augmentation of IM, a non-inactivating voltage-dependent outward current blocked by muscarinic agonists. (1988)

The synaptic function of somatostatin-containing fibers in the nervous system is controversial. Therefore, we used a slice preparation of the rat brain stem to test the electrophysiological effects of prosomatostatin-derived peptides on neurons of the solitary tract complex, which contains an abundance of somatostatin-containing fibers and cell bodies. Superfusion of both somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 (the precursor for somatostatin-14), but not somatostatin-28-(1-12) or -(1-10), predominantly inhibited spontaneous spike and subthreshold (probably synaptic) activity. In intracellular recordings, somatostatin-14 and -28 hyperpolarized most neurons in association with a slight (10-35%) but reproducible decrease in input resistance. These hyperpolarizing responses were augmented in depolarized cells and persisted in cells in which spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials became depolarizing after Cl- injection. These data suggest that somatostatin receptors regulate a K+ conductance. In voltage-clamp studies, somatostatin-28 and -14 induced a steady outward current and augmented the voltage-dependent, nonactivating outward K+ conductance (IM) shown to be blocked by activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. These results suggest (i) that somatostatin-containing elements in the solitary tract complex play an inhibitory role through the activation of postsynaptic permeability to potassium ions and (ii) that the same ion channel type may be coregulated by two neurotransmitter candidates, somatostatin and acetylcholine, through a reciprocal control mechanism.
Effect of the presence of polymer in miniemulsion droplets on the kinetics of polymerization (1994)

Abstract Solution of polystyrene in styrene were dispersed in an aqueous gel phase comprising sodium lauryl sulfate, cetyl alcohol, and water using an emulsification process known to produce monomer droplet sizes inthe submicron size range (referred to as miniemulsion droplets). The shelf‐life stabilities of these miniemulsions were studied to determine their relative droplet sizes, and the emulsions were concommitantly polymerized in an isothermal batch reaction calorimeter. The polymerization kinetics and final particle sizes produced were compared with miniemulsion and conventional emulsion polymerizations prepared using equivalent recipes without the addition of polystyrene. The results indicate that polymerization of miniemulsions prepared from polymer solutions produce significantly different kinetics than both miniemulsion and conventional emulsion polymerizations. In general, a small amount of polymer greatly increases the rate of polymerization and the final number of particles produced in the polymerization to the extent where even conventional polymerizations carried out above the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant polymerize more slowly. The results are explained by considering the system to be comprised of small, stable pre‐formed monomer‐swollen polymer particles which are able to efficiently capture aqueous phase radicals. This enables the system to produce a large final number of particles, similar to the initial number of pre‐formed polymer particles, as opposed to miniemulsions and micelles in which only a relatively small fraction of the initial number of species (droplets or micelles) become polymer particles. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Characterization of Two cDNA Clones Coding for Isoforms of the <i>Parietaria judaica</i> Major Allergen Par j 1.0101 (1997)

Two cDNA clones named P9* and P1* of 794 and 631 bp, respectively, were isolated from a lambda ZAP cDNA expression library using Parietaria judaica (Pj) pollen-specific IgE antibodies from a pool of sera (n = 23) of patients allergic to Pj. Sequence analysis showed open reading frames of 176 and 138 amino acids. Both clones contain a putative signal peptide giving two mature processed proteins named Par j 1.0102 of 14,726 D and Par j 1.0201 of 10,677 D. These proteins represent isoallergenic forms of the major Pj allergen Par j 1.0101 (clone P5) previously reported. The Par j 1.0102 shared 98% amino acid sequence homology with the P5, while the Par j 1.0201 shared 89% homology. Since P1, P5 and P9 clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and since the three allergenic proteins shared a very high degree of sequence identity and comparable binding to the Pj-specific IgE, we decided to analyze in more detail the immunological properties of only one allergen, the recombinant Par j 1.0101. The allergenic activity determined by the histamine release assay ranged between 9 and 56%, depending on the allergic patient analyzed, while it blocked approximately 40% of all the Pj-specific IgE antibodies, as detected after ELISA and cross-absorption analysis.
Brain biochemistry in Williams syndrome (1998)

The correlations can be interpreted in two ways: 1) Our sampling of cerebellar biochemistry reflects a measure of "global" cerebral biochemistry and is unrelated to cerebellar function, or 2) The relations indicate that cerebellar neuronal integrity is a requirement (on a developmental time scale or in real-time) for ability on a variety of cognitive tests.