gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a LCD Photomask Based Desktop Manufacturing System (2010)

Desktop manufacturing refers to various rapid prototyping (RP) techniques where threedimensional components are directly built, layer-by-layer, from a computer data description or computer aided design (CAD) file. Due to their ability and relative ease in transforming a conceptual design into a physical model, desktop manufacturing technologies have met escalating demand in the industry for shortening new product development cycle time. The layer-by-layer fabrication methodology also allows complex models to be made with ease. In the desktop manufacturing processes, the geometry of the object to be manufactured can be obtained from computer aided design (CAD) model data, an existing object (through Reverse engineering) Prashant et al. Most desktop manufacturing systems accept model data described in an intermediate file format called the .STL format. This file format approximates the original model geometry using a series of triangular facets. After loading a .STL model, a slicing procedure is then applied to the tessellated model. In this process, the model is intersected with a set of horizontal planes to create a series of cross sections, or slices, comprised of contours that represent the material boundaries of the part to be generated. The contours are subsequently used to generate the NC tool paths for the desktop manufacturing system. There are many commercial RP systems available on the market today such as InVision (3D Systems Corporation), Objet (Objet Geometries Ltd.), Perfactory (Envisiontec Inc.), stereolithography (SLA) (3D Systems Corporation) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) (Stratasys, Inc.). The InVision 3-D printer combines 3D Systems' multi-jet modeling (MJM) printing technology with an acrylic photopolymer model material. The Objet's Polyjet technology works by jetting photopolymer materials in ultra-thin layers (0.016 mm) onto a build tray, layer by layer, until the part is complete. The Perfactory RP system uses a photomonomer resin and a DLP projector to p o l y m e r i z e 3 D f i n i s h e d p a r t s . T h e stereolithography (SLA) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) are old RP processes. Both the laser beam of SLA system and the thermal extrusion head of FDM system generate 2D cross sectional areas using one-dimensional tool paths. The disadvantages of these systems
UV characterization of sulphide-polysulphide solutions and its application for process monitoring in the electrochemical production of polysulphides (1996)

The UV spectral characteristics of some sulphur species of relevance for the electrochemical production of polysulphides have been studies. It was found that an isosbestic point exists in the hydro ...
Scavenging characteristics of a two-stroke-cycle engine as determined by skip-cycle operation (1956)

A m ethod for determin ing t he m ass fraction of fr esh charge in t he cylinder of t he two-sLrok e-cycle engin e, from m eas uremen ts of engine p ower u nder normal op eration and wi th engine fired only once in several cycles of operation is described. T he r esults obtain ed from a crankcase-scav en ged en gine are presented .
Ultrasound Analysis of Tongue, Hyoid, and Larynx Activity During Swallowing (1984)

Using real-time ultrasound, the motions of the tongue, hyoid bone, and larynx were monitored and timed during swallowing in ten normal subjects. A well-defined propulsive wave of the tongue was observed during swallowing a 5-cc water bolus. The body of the hyoid bone was identified on the ultrasound scan as a high echogenic area with posterior acoustic shadowing at the tongue base. As the water bolus reached the pharynx, hyoid elevation was visible. Laryngeal motion was monitored by an externally applied pressure transducer and its pressure tracing incorporated into the ultrasound video image.
Common Reusable Verification Environment for BCA and RTL Models (2005)

This paper deals with a common verification methodology and environment for SystemC BCA and RTL models. The aim is to save effort by avoiding the same work done twice by different people and to reuse the same environment for the two design views. Applying this methodology the verification task starts as soon as the functional specification is signed off and it runs in parallel to the models and design development. The verification environment is modeled with the aid of dedicated verification languages and it is applied to both the models. The test suite is exactly the same and thus it is possible to verify the alignment between the two models. In fact the final step is to check the cycle-by-cycle match of the interface behavior. A regression tool and a bus analyzer have been developed to help the verification and the alignment process. The former is used to automate the testbench generation and to run the two test suites. The latter is used to verify the alignment between the two models comparing the waveforms obtained in each run. The quality metrics used to validate the flow are full functional coverage and full alignment at each IP port.
New Semiconductor Device Evaluation System for Failure Analysis of Sub-nanometer Areas (2003)

OVERVIEW: Increasingly higher circuit integration, density, functionality, and reliability of semiconductor devices demand a higher spatial resolution and user-friendliness for TEMs (transmission electron microscopes) and SEMs (scanning electron microscopes) that are used for failure analyses and other observation purposes. In response to these requirements, Hitachi Group has developed a new semiconductor device evaluation system by integrating a focused ion beam system and an ultra-thin film evaluation system based on STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope). For the best compatibility of rapid sample milling and fine milling conditions, the focusing ion beam system has an accelerating voltage range of 10 to 40 kV. The ultra-thin film evaluation system has both bright and dark field STEM detectors as well as a secondary electron detector for observing and obtaining a versatile specimen structure and compositional information. For analytical applications, it can also be used with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and an electron energy-loss spectrometer. By making use of these detector/spectrometer systems, the ultra-thin film evaluation system can observe fine atomic-level structures and it can map light elements of sub-nanometer areas in real-time. In addition, we have developed a compatible specimen holder, which can be used with both the focusing ion beam system and the ultra-thin evaluation system without repositioning the sample. Furthermore, we have developed a micro-sampling technique that enables preparing site-specific specimens of any particular point from a device sample. With this technique micro-samples can be prepared with a positional accuracy of 100 nm or higher and the samples can be evaluated in four to five hours. Takeo Kamino Tsuyoshi Onishi Kaoru Umemura Kyoichiro Asayama Kazutoshi Kaji
Querying and ranking news items in the hermes framework (2012)

Hermes is a Web-based framework designed to build personalized news services using Semantic Web technologies. It makes use of ontologies for knowledge representation, natural language processing techniques for semantic text analysis, and semantic query languages for specifying the desired information. This paper presents the Hermes Graphical Query Language (HGQL). HGQL makes it possible to create structured queries in Hermes. Structured queries use disjunctive, conjunctive, negation, and pattern operators. In addition, this paper presents a ranking algorithm based on the queries made using HGQL.
Intermediate care: The potential for partnership (2003)

Intermediate care is emerging as performing an increasingly-significant function in bridging the care gap between hospital and home. It does not emerge from a policy or service vacuum. Relationships between statutory health and social care services and the voluntary sector have their roots in past practices and separate agendas. The findings from this study indicate that any partnership between the statutory and voluntary sectors in delivering packages of intermediate care will inevitably encounter challenges associated with multi-level, multi-professional and multi-agency collaboration. This article explores these challenges and provides some insight on how to meet them.
Membrane Topology of the Lactococcal Bacteriocin ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Protein LcnC (1999)

Many non-lantibiotic bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria are produced as precursors with N-terminal leader peptides different from those present in preproteins exported by the general sec-dependent (type II) secretion pathway. These bacteriocins utilize a dedicated (type I) secretion system for externalization. The secretion apparatus for the lactococcins A, B, and M/N (LcnA, B, and M/N) from Lactococcus lactis is composed of the two membrane proteins LcnC and LcnD. LcnC belongs to the ATP-binding cassette transporters, whereas LcnD is a protein with similarities to other accessory proteins of type I secretion systems. This paper shows that the N-terminal part of LcnC is involved in the processing of the precursor of LcnA. By making translational fusions of LcnC to the reporter proteins beta-galactosidase (LacZ) and alkaline phosphatase (PhoA*), it was shown that both the N- and C-terminal parts of LcnC are located in the cytoplasm. As the N terminus of LcnC is required for LcnA maturation and is localized in the cytoplasm, we conclude that the processing of the bacteriocin LcnA to its mature form takes place at the cytosolic side of the cytoplasmic membrane.
New year, new challenges (2005)

Rosemary Cook is the newly appointed Director of the Queen’s Nursing Institute. Here she outlines the issues facing community nurses and how innovation can be rewarded
Evolution of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisfrom a susceptible ancestor in a single patient (2014)

We observed both rapid acquisitions of resistance to antimicrobial compounds mediated by individual mutations as well as a gradual increase in fitness in the presence of antibiotics, likely driven by stable gene expression reprogramming. The rapid turnover of resistance mutations and hitchhiking neutral mutations has major implications for inferring tuberculosis transmission events in situations where drug resistance evolves within transmission chains.
Role of certain environmental factors on cadmium uptake and toxicity in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Azolla pinnata R. Br. (1995)

Effects of pH, temperature, EDTA and photosynthetically available radiation on the uptake and toxicity of Cd was investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Azolla pinnata R. Br. In general, Cd toxicity was accentuated in conditions which favoured enhanced intracellular Cd uptake. Extracellular binding and intracellular uptake of Cd were lowered at pH values > 7 due to reduced availability of the aquo ion; consequently, toxicity was markedly reduced. At pH value < 7, extracellular binding remained unaffected, although intracellular uptake and toxicity of Cd were enhanced. This perhaps resulted from changes in membrane permeability as extracellular Cd binding was not affected by the decline in pH from 7 to 4. Moreover, speciation of Cd is known to remain unchanged throughout this pH range as most of the Cd (> 99%) remains available as the aquo ion. The presence of EDTA in the medium decreased extracellular binding, intracellular uptake and toxicity of Cd in test plants. This was due to formation of Cd-EDTA complex which was obviously not available to test plants. Elevation of temperature increased intracellular Cd uptake and this resulted in enhanced toxic effects. Similarly, increase in photosynthetically available radiation caused a slight increase in Cd uptake and toxicity in test plants. Obviously, rise in temperature or PAR increased metabolic activities of test plants thereby leading to increased Cd transport and toxicity.
Antigenically Distinct MF59-Adjuvanted Vaccine to Boost Immunity to H5N1 (2008)

The authors report on an open-label study of an MF59-adjuvanted vaccine against avian influenza. The findings indicate that priming subjects with H5 antigen induces a rapidly mobilized, long-lastin...
LcrV is a channel size‐determining component of the Yop effector translocon of <i>Yersinia</i> (2001)

Delivery of Yop effector proteins by pathogenic Yersinia across the eukaryotic cell membrane requires LcrV, YopB and YopD. These proteins were also required for channel formation in infected erythrocytes and, using different osmolytes, the contact-dependent haemolysis assay was used to study channel size. Channels associated with LcrV were around 3 nm, whereas the homologous PcrV protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced channels of around 2 nm in diameter. In lipid bilayer membranes, purified LcrV and PcrV induced a stepwise conductance increase of 3 nS and 1 nS, respectively, in 1 M KCl. The regions important for channel size were localized to amino acids 127-195 of LcrV and to amino acids 106-173 of PcrV. The size of the channel correlated with the ability to translocate Yop effectors into host cells. We suggest that LcrV is a size-determining structural component of the Yop translocon.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis via a Multi-stage Flame Configuration (2002)

Filter paper, loaded with catalyst precursor, is burned to generate catalyst nanoparticles for single-wall nanotube (SWNT) synthesis in a two-stage flame. A first-stage diffusion flame creates the Fe nanoparticles as an aerosol in the post-flame gases for catalysis. A second-stage flame is formed by the first-stage diffusion flame gases plus added fuel exiting into the combustion gases of a fuel-rich, premixed flame. Both catalyst conditioning and SWNT synthesis occurs within the post-flame reacting flow of this second-stage flame system.
Development of a Suppression Method for Deposition of Radioactive Cobalt after Chemical Decontamination: (I) Effect of the Ferrite Film Coating on Suppression of Cobalt Deposition (2010)

In the last decade, chemical decontamination at the beginning of periodical inspection has been applied to many Japanese BWR plants in order to reduce radiation exposure. However, following the chemical decontamination, a rapid dose rate increase can be seen in some plants after just a few operation cycles. Oxide film, which easily incorporates radioactivity, might be formed after the chemical decontamination. We developed a new way to reduce the recontamination after the chemical decontamination to maintain long-term continued decontamination effects without any chemical injections or chemical controls in reactor water during operation. In our approach, a fine ferrite film is formed by the Hitachi Ferrite Coat process after oxide films formed during the plant operation are removed by the chemical decontamination process.We select Fe(HCOO)2 aqueous solution, H2O2, and N2H4 as the treatment chemicals for fine ferrite film formation for suitable BWR plant application. Our laboratory experiment results confirm a 60Co deposition reduction effect of 1/5 compared with that of nontreatment for up to 3,100 hours. The fine ferritefilm that was formed on the specimen before the 60Co deposition test remains as a film structure after the test. The corrosion amount of the specimen is suppressed to 1/4 through the effect of the fine ferrite film.
A Micro RNA Processing Defect in Rapidly Progressing Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

These findings suggest that the development and/or clinical progression of IPF might be the consequence of aberrant miRNA processing.
Frequency-Specific Electrocochleography Indicates that Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms of Auditory Neuropathy Exist (2008)

We suggest that a presynaptic and postsynaptic type of AN exist that may have implications for the fitting of cochlear implants.
Magnetic Field Vector Detection in Frequency Domain with an Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometer (2012)

The motion of spin polarization in a high-sensitivity optically pumped atomic magnetometer is described by the Bloch equation. We propose a magnetometer having two nonparallel probe beams to measure both the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> components of spin polarization, while a pumping beam propagates in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> direction. When a bias magnetic field is applied parallel to the pumping beam, the magnetic fields <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Bx</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">By</i> both affect the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> components of the spin polarization. The relation between the magnetic field and the magnetometer signal is correctly expressed in matrix form for a simple oscillating magnetic field. The relation enables us to solve the Bloch equation in the frequency domain and retrieve the original waveform of the time-dependent magnetic field waveform. This magnetometer also compensates for distortion of the waveform caused by the resonant nature of the Bloch equation. The magnetic field signal recovery is demonstrated by numerical simulation and the preferred parameter range for the proposed dual-probe magnetometer is shown. As a result, the proposed magnetometer will expand the possibility for weak magnetic field measurements, including biomagnetic fields.
Fuzzy predictive PID controllers: a heating control application (2002)

The authors describe a new fuzzy predictive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm that is derived from the generalized predictive control theory. The key idea is the introduction of fuzzy models for the prediction of process output and of perturbations that affect the process. The control policy is obtained by a simple PID-like correction from the last control sequence as provided by a receding control strategy. The resulting algorithm proves to be a versatile tool, easy to design and to implement with reduced computational power. An interesting feature of the proposed algorithm is the looking-ahead property that is useful in applications where the setpoint is known in advance. Another advantage is that the algorithm needs only a rough model of the process, and behaves robustly even when the fuzzy models are only coarse approximations of the process. A self tuning version is outlined using an online fuzzy model identification of the process. An example of an application to thermal control of a building is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ADVANCES IN SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES, QUANTUM WELLS AND HETEROSTRUCTURES (1984)

Following a description of highlights during the early period (1969-1974), a series of interesting developments and subsequent ramifications in the studies on semiconductor superlattices, quantum wells and heterostructures, are reviewed by dividing them into thee categories : GaAs-GaAlAs, InAs-GaSb and other systems, according to the host materials. The subjects include superlattice transport, optical absorption, lasers, photocurrent, luminescence, Raman scattering, magnetoquantum effect, modulation doping, quantized Hall effect, impurity states and excitons in quantum wells, far-infrared magneto-absorption, cyclotron resonance, polytype superlattices and InAs quantum wells.
Mixed Chimerism and Transplantation Tolerance (2001)

Achieving transplantation tolerance is an important goal in the effort to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality in organ transplant recipients. Robust, lifelong, donor-specific tolerance can be reliably achieved by induction of mixed chimerism in various animal models. To date, the clinical application of these proto-cols has been impeded partly by the potential toxicity of the required host conditioning regimens and the lack of successful studies in large animals. This article reviews the progress achieved in recent years in developing considerably milder conditioning protocols in rodents, and in extending some of these models to achieve permanent mixed chimerism and tolerance in large animals. Advances in the induction of xenogeneic tolerance through mixed chimerism are also discussed.
Flow distribution in piping manifolds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow distribution in piping manifoldsRobert L. Pigford, Muhammad Ashraf, and Yvon D. MironCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1983, 22, 4, 463–471Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100012a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i100012a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1318Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Structural effects in solvolytic reactions. III. Nature of the intermediate involved in the solvolysis of 3-aryl-2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl derivatives (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural effects in solvolytic reactions. III. Nature of the intermediate involved in the solvolysis of 3-aryl-2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl derivativesHerbert C. Brown and C. J. KimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 8, 2082–2096Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01010a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts