gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endogenous TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC7 Proteins Combine to Form Native Store-operated Channels in HEK-293 Cells (2005)

Endogenously expressed canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) homologs were investigated for their role in forming store-operated, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-stimulated, or carbachol (CCh)-stimulated calcium entry pathways in HEK-293 cells. Measurement of thapsigargin-stimulated Ba(2+) entry indicated that the individual suppression of TRPC1, TRPC3, or TRPC7 protein levels, by small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques, dramatically inhibited (52-68%) store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), whereas suppression of TRPC4 or TRPC6 had no effect. Combined suppression of TRPC1-TRPC3, TRPC1-TRPC7, TRPC3-TRPC7, or TRPC1-TRPC3-TRPC7 gave only slightly more inhibition of SOCE (74-78%) than seen with suppression of TRPC1 alone (68%), suggesting that these three TRPC homologs work in tandem to mediate a large component of SOCE. Evidence from co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicates that a TRPC1-TRPC3-TRPC7 complex, predicted from siRNA results, does exist. The suppression of either TRPC3 or TRPC7, but not TRPC1, induced a high Ba(2+) leak flux that was inhibited by 2-APB and SKF96365, suggesting that the influx is via leaky store-operated channels. The high Ba(2+) leak flux is eliminated by co-suppression of TRPC1-TRPC3 or TRPC1-TRPC7. For 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-stimulated cells, siRNA data indicate that TRPC1 plays no role in mediating Ba(2+) entry, which appears to be mediated by the participation of TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC6, and TRPC7. CCh-stimulated Ba(2+) entry, on the other hand, could be inhibited by suppression of any of the five endogenously expressed TRPC homologs, with the degree of inhibition being consistent with CCh stimulation of both store-operated and receptor-operated channels. In summary, endogenous TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC7 participate in forming heteromeric store-operated channels, whereas TRPC3 and TRPC7 can also participate in forming heteromeric receptor-operated channels.
A Novel Phase Frequency Detector for a High Frequency PLL Design (2013)

A simple new phase frequency detector (PFD) is presented in this paper. This PFD use only 10 transistors, whereas a conventional PFD uses 54 transistors. It has been observed that the proposed PFD could operate up to frequencies about 4.6 times higher than that by conventional PFD. It has also been observed that the power dissipation is reduced by 99%. In addition to these, area of the circuit has been reduced up to 73% when compared with conventional PFD. The phase noise of designed PFD has been reduced to - 133.4 dBc/Hz. Prototype has been designed in Cadence virtuoso environment and implemented using GPDK090 library of 180 nm technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The reset process has been completely removed in this design thereby eliminating the blind zone and speeding up the acquisition process. The design has been proposed for high speed, low power and low jitter applications.
Dendritic Cell–T-Cell Interactions Support Coreceptor-Independent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission in the Human Genital Tract (1999)

Worldwide, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted predominantly by heterosexual contact. Here, we investigate for the first time, by examining mononuclear cells obtained from cervicovaginal tissue, the mechanisms whereby HIV type 1 (HIV-1) directly targets cells from the human genital tract. In contrast to earlier findings in mucosal models such as human skin, we demonstrate that the majority of T cells and macrophages but none or few dendritic cells (DC) express the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 in normal human cervicovaginal mucosa, whereas all three cell types express the coreceptor CXCR4. To understand the role of coreceptor expression on infectivity, mucosal mononuclear cells were infected with various HIV-1 isolates, using either CCR5 or CXCR4. Unstimulated T cells become rapidly, albeit nonproductively, infected with R5- and X4-tropic variants. However, DC and T cells form stable conjugates which permit productive infection by viruses of both coreceptor specificities. These results indicate that HIV-1 can exploit T-cell-DC synergism in the human genital tract to overcome potential coreceptor restrictions on DC and postentry blocks of viral replication in unactivated T cells. Thus, mononuclear cells infiltrating the genital mucosa are permissive for transmission of both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 variants, and selection of virus variants does not occur by differential expression of HIV-1 coreceptors on genital mononuclear cells.
Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies (2016)

A better understanding of biofilm function and their contribution to the CRS disease process will be pivotal to the development of novel treatments that may augment and, potentially, redefine the CRS treatment paradigm. There is tremendous potential for future research.
Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Europe: A Review (2010)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating and degenerative disease of the CNS with symptoms dependent on the type of the disease and the site of lesions. During the progression of the disease, symptoms become more permanent and progressive disability ensues. MS is a disease characterized by wide variations between patients, thus making categorization difficult. The aim of the current study was to review the existing epidemiological data of MS in Europe published during the last decade (2000-2009), using PubMed. Findings revealed an increasing incidence of MS during the last decade. Recent data indicate that latitude does not play a key role in determining the onset of the disease. MS has a significant impact on the quality of life for most patients over many years. The disease is twice as common in women than in men, and is at its peak in the most economically productive years of life. Pregnancy, postpartum status and vaccines may influence the onset and the course of the disease. Only one of the reviewed papers provides a view of progression from onset to death.
The Performance of Small Diameter Twist Drills in Deep-Hole Drilling (2006)

This paper investigates the performance of small diameter high-speed steel twist drills drilling boreholes with a depth of ten times the diameter into carbon steel AISI 1045 using minimum quantity lubrication. The performance of small twist drills is determined, first, by their deep-hole drilling capability, i.e., in how far the cutting forces can be kept at a noncritical level by maintaining the chip disposal, and, second, by their tool life. This work shows that both the deep-hole drilling capability and tool life of small drills are strongly dependent on their geometry, in particular the size of the chip flutes, and the flute surface topography.
Direct synchronisation of a sinewave oscillator to a pulse (1966)

An analysis is given of the phenomenon of direct synchronisation of a sinewave oscillator to a rectangular pulse. The effect of an applied step function is investigated first, and the pulse is then considered as the application of a step, followed by its removal. By considering the action of the nth pulse in an applied pulse train, expressions are derived for most of the important effects, in terms of pulse size and frequency difference, both inside and outside the synchronising band. These include the synchronising bandwidth, the phase while synchronised, the form of the transient after application of the first pulse, beats and pulling effects just outside the synchronising band, and the waveform of the beats. The case in which the sinewave frequency is close to a large harmonic of the p.r.f. is also considered.
2000 V 500 A high power IGBT module (2002)

A high voltage and a large current rating, 2000 V 500 A IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) module with a newly developed structure was described. The module features a small size, high reliability and low electrical noise characteristics. The high reliability is realized by using a low thermal expansion base. The modules are suitable for applications to high speed switching levels with high blocking voltages such as in traction motor drives.
Human Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in the Common Marmoset (2017)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in humans is highly lethal, with a fatality rate of 35%. New prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat human infections are urgently needed. We isolated a fully human neutralizing antibody, MCA1, from a human survivor. The antibody recognizes the receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV S glycoprotein and interferes with the interaction between viral S and the human cellular receptor human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a human neutralizing monoclonal antibody that completely inhibits MERS-CoV replication in common marmosets. Monotherapy with MCA1 represents a potential alternative treatment for human infections with MERS-CoV worthy of evaluation in clinical settings.
Introduction to DeviceNet safety (2002)

The Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODYA) is introducing an expansion to the DeviceNet specification that allows the integration of safety measures into all DeviceNet systems. DeviceNet Safety is designed to meet the requirements of machinery shut down and process sector availability/shut down applications. DeviceNet Safety addresses ISO 13849-1, IEC 61508 SIL 3, DIN 19250 AK6 and EM 954-1 Categoiy 4 applications. It is a higher level protocol that allows safety devices to co-exist with standard devices on the same network. DeviceNet Safety allows for multiple independent safety chains on the same network or controller as well as multiple safety controllers on the same network. DeviceNet Safety uses the safety processes and coding as recommended by BIA, the German certification body for safety data transmission on a standard network.
Sustained response to combination therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis C and thrombocytopenia secondary to <b>α</b>‐interferon (2000)

Recent data suggest that hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection may induce a significant autoimmune reaction to platelets, but the mechanism is unknown. Many patients with chronic hepatitis C, in fact, have high levels of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG) and HCV-RNA is present in the platelets of 100% of those patients with thrombocytopenia and high PAIgG levels. Hepatitis C virus infection has been associated with the development of thrombocytopenic purpura, sometimes triggered during interferon (IFN) therapy. In such cases, the treatment of the underlying disease is a difficult problem to solve. We report the case of a patient with chronic hepatitis C, who developed life-threatening thrombocytopenic purpura after a prolonged course of IFN-alpha2b over a 4-year period. Treatment with anti-immunoglobulin gammaglobulin (Polyglobin; Química Farmaceutica Bayer, Barcelona, Spain) had a transient effect on the platelet count, but prolonged therapy with prednisone was necessary for definitive relief of the haematological complication. Two years later, the patient was treated with combined therapy, including ribavirin (1200 mg/day) and IFN-alpha2b (5 mU, t.i.w.) for 12 months. This therapy induced a sustained response, both biochemical and virological, without haematological complications. This observation suggests that ribavirin may be of benefit in the treatment of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C, preventing the harmful effect of IFN-alpha but also allowing both drugs to be combined so as to increase the probability of sustained remission of the liver disease.
Selectively ion implanted Gunn-f.e.t. integrated circuits for pulse regenerator (1978)

A planar GaAs integrated Gunn-effect device and f.e.t. connected in cascade have been fabricated using selective sulphur-ion implantation. High-speed pulse regeneration and pulse amplification have been realised under d.c. bias condition. Output voltage and voltage gain of the regenerated pulse of 1 ns width were 1.7 V and 18.6 dB, respectively.
Reduction and carboxamidomethylation of the single disulfide bond of proteinase inhibitor I from potato tubers. Effects on stability, immunological properties, and inhibitory activities. (1980)

The single disulfide bond in potato Inhibitor I protomers (Mr = 8,000) was reduced and alkylated in the absence of denaturants to the carboxamidomethyl cysteine derivative. Two half-cystines per mol of inhibitor protomer were modified as determined by (a) loss of two sulfhydryl groups per reduced protomer, (b) incorporation of 2 mol of [14C]iodoacetamide per protomer, and (c) amino acid analyses. The alkylated Inhibitor I retained its oligomeric structure (Mr = 40,000) and fully retained its immunological cross reactivity with anti-Inhibitor I serum. Furthermore, the inhibitory properties of modified and unmodified Inhibitor I toward chymotrypsin were identical. The stoichiometric complex between modified Inhibitor I and chymotrypsin was stable at pH 8.0 for over 72 h. The modification of the disulfide bond introduced a lability to both heat and proteolytic enzymes. Ultraviolet difference spectra and near ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra at pH 8.0, between modified and unmodified Inhibitor I, revealed only minor absorption changes due to modification. However, in circular dichroism spectra at pH 2.0, the modified inhibitor exhibited a significant loss of absorption in the region between 270 and 280 nm that was present in the unmodified inhibitor. The cumulative results of this study indicate that the single disulfide bond in Inhibitor I, which forms a rather large disulfide loop between residues 5 and 51, is not important at neutral pH for maintaining major structural conformations which affect immunological or inhibitory activities, but the disulfide bond does impose restraints on the protein which stabilize it toward thermal denaturation and proteolysis. The susceptibility of the reduced inhibitor to plant sulfhydryl enzymes may have some importance in in vivo degradation.
Glycosylated Triterpenoids as Endosomal Escape Enhancers in Targeted Tumor Therapies (2017)

Protein-based targeted toxins play an increasingly important role in targeted tumor therapies. In spite of their high intrinsic toxicity, their efficacy in animal models is low. A major reason for this is the limited entry of the toxin into the cytosol of the target cell, which is required to mediate the fatal effect. Target receptor bound and internalized toxins are mostly either recycled back to the cell surface or lysosomally degraded. This might explain why no antibody-targeted protein toxin has been approved for tumor therapeutic applications by the authorities to date although more than 500 targeted toxins have been developed within the last decades. To overcome the problem of insufficient endosomal escape, a number of strategies that make use of diverse chemicals, cell-penetrating or fusogenic peptides, and light-induced techniques were designed to weaken the membrane integrity of endosomes. This review focuses on glycosylated triterpenoids as endosomal escape enhancers and throws light on their structure, the mechanism of action, and on their efficacy in cell culture and animal models. Obstacles, challenges, opportunities, and future prospects are discussed.
Reduction of Rotor Harmonic Eddy-Current Loss of High-Speed PM BLDC Motors by Using a Split-Phase Winding Method (2019)

Low-order harmonic currents in high-speed permanent magnet brushless dc (PM BLDC) motors cause large rotor eddy-current loss, resulting in high temperature rise and even overheating in the rotors, thus their application in the field of high-speed drive is limited. The rotor eddy-current loss can be reduced by using a split-phase winding method. In this paper, various time-space orders of harmonic eddy-current losses in the rotors of the PM motors with and without split-phase winding are quantified. The calculated results indicate that the rotor harmonic eddy-current losses generated by the low-order harmonic currents, which inherently exist in PM BLDC motors, are greatly reduced. Furthermore, associated with the characteristics of harmonic currents of PM BLDC motors, the mechanism of drastically reducing the rotor harmonic eddy-current loss of high-speed PM motors by using the split-phase winding method is revealed and experimentally validated.
The relation between inherent optical properties and reflectance spectra in turbid inland waters (1997)

The relationship between reflectance, absorption and backscattering is essential for the development of analytical and multitemporal algorithms for remote sensing of inland waters. In this study emphasis has been put on the wavelength dependency of the optical properties. The spectra of the subsurface irradiance reflectance R(O−), absorption a, scattering b and backscattering bb were determined for 18 waters covering four inland water types. These watertypes are: shallow eutrophic lakes, shallow mesotrophic lakes, deep lakes and river and canals. The linear backscatter albedo model R(0−) = r 1 b b(a + bb) was investigated for each water sample. The estimated r 1 ranges from 0.12 to 0.56 with an average of 0.29, with a relative error of 1% to 5%. The variation in r 1 between the water bodies was large. The spectral dependence of r 1 , was larger for eutrophic lakes than for the other three water types. The linear backscatter albedo model provides a good basis for remote sensing algorithms for water quality. However, more research is required to find parametric expressions for r 1 that are independent of the composition of the water. The main recommendation is that measurements of the volume scattering functions of the various fractions of the suspended matter in inland waters are required.
Swelling-Activated Ca2+ Channels Trigger Ca2+ Signals in Merkel Cells (2008)

Merkel cell-neurite complexes are highly sensitive touch receptors comprising epidermal Merkel cells and sensory afferents. Based on morphological and molecular studies, Merkel cells are proposed to be mechanosensory cells that signal afferents via neurotransmission; however, functional studies testing this hypothesis in intact skin have produced conflicting results. To test this model in a simplified system, we asked whether purified Merkel cells are directly activated by mechanical stimulation. Cell shape was manipulated with anisotonic solution changes and responses were monitored by Ca2+ imaging with fura-2. We found that hypotonic-induced cell swelling, but not hypertonic solutions, triggered cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients. Several lines of evidence indicate that these signals arise from swelling-activated Ca2+-permeable ion channels. First, transients were reversibly abolished by chelating extracellular Ca2+, demonstrating a requirement for Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. Second, Ca2+ transients were initially observed near the plasma membrane in cytoplasmic processes. Third, voltage-activated Ca2+ channel (VACC) antagonists reduced transients by half, suggesting that swelling-activated channels depolarize plasma membranes to activate VACCs. Finally, emptying internal Ca2+ stores attenuated transients by 80%, suggesting Ca2+ release from stores augments swelling-activated Ca2+ signals. To identify candidate mechanotransduction channels, we used RT-PCR to amplify ion-channel transcripts whose pharmacological profiles matched those of hypotonic-evoked Ca2+ signals in Merkel cells. We found 11 amplicons, including PKD1, PKD2, and TRPC1, channels previously implicated in mechanotransduction in other cells. Collectively, these results directly demonstrate that Merkel cells are activated by hypotonic-evoked swelling, identify cellular signaling mechanisms that mediate these responses, and support the hypothesis that Merkel cells contribute to touch reception in the Merkel cell-neurite complex.
Producing Keratin Hydrolysates from Sheep Wool (2011)

Manuscript describes producing keratin hydrolysate from sheep wool through two-stage technology whose principle consists in first having wool processed in an alkaline environment during the first stage, and then effecting hydrolysis in the second stage through the action of proteolytic enzyme. Experiments were planned in accordance with factor schemes of 23 types in which factors under study were influence of first stage hydrolysis duration (6-24 hours), duration of hydrolysis second stage (6-24 hours) and quantity of added proteolytic enzyme (1-5 %) on quantity of decomposed wool.
Molecular Photochemistry (1967)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMolecular PhotochemistryNICHOLAS J. TURROView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Columbia UniversityCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1967, 45, 20, 84–96Publication Date (Print):May 8, 1967Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 8 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v045n020.p084https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v045n020.p084newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1967 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Dyes and pigments,Emission spectroscopy,Excited states,Molecules,Photochemistry Get e-Alerts
Comparative expression of the <i>psoriasin</i> (<i>S100A7</i>) and <i>S100C</i> genes in breast carcinoma and co‐localization to human chromosome 1q21‐q22 (1995)

Using differential screening of a breast cancer cDNA library, we isolated a cDNA encoding the psoriasin (S100A7) protein, previously identified in psoriatic epidermis. In the present study, we demonstrate that the psoriasin gene is expressed in breast cancer cell lines and in cancer cells of some breast carcinomas but not in any non-cancerous tissues examined, except skin. Another S100 gene, S100C, which we co-localized with the psoriasin gene to human chromosome 1q21-q22, was found to be expressed in most tissues and cell lines evaluated. These findings add support to the concept that the S100 genes clustered in human chromosome 1q21-q22 are individually controlled and that some of them may be involved in the regulation of cell transformation and/or differentiation.