gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric modeling and estimation of the spatial characteristics of a source with local scattering (2002)

The recent surge in the application of antenna arrays for wireless cellular systems has opened up new problems in the area of array signal processing. One key issue is multipath propagation and local scattering, which requires the modification of the conventional point source model and the associated estimation techniques. In this paper we propose a parametric physical/statistical model for the distribution of angles of arrival of waves, originating from a far-field source through a scattering medium that is local to the source. Based on this model, we derive a compact and mathematically-tractable spatio-temporal cross-correlation function for the signal received by an antenna array. In the sequel we propose a simple yet asymptotically efficient technique for the estimation of the parameters of the spatially distributed source using an array of antennas. The computational complexity of the proposed method is much less than the other asymptotically efficient counterparts. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical predictions.
Conformational features of a furyl‐substituted bis(tetrahydroindenyl)zirconium dichloride system (2002)

Abstract Treatment of 2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐furyl)tetrahydroindenyllithium with ZrCl 4 gave bis[2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐furyl)tetrahydroindenyl]zirconium dichloride ( 8 ). Dynamic 1 H NMR spectroscopy revealed a Cp‐furyl rotational barrier of Δ G ≠ Arrot (148 K) = 6.8 ± 0.4 kcal mol −1 . The x‐ray crystal structure analysis of 8 showed the presence of a rac ‐like metallocene conformation in which the furyl rings are oriented coplanar with the Cp moiety of the tetrahydroindenyl ligand systems, but the two furyl rings are oriented differently: one has the oxygen atom oriented toward the open front side, whereas the other has the furyl oxygen pointing toward the narrow back side of the bent metallocene wedge. The 8 –MAO Ziegler–Natta catalyst system produces an atactic polypropylene oil. Copyright­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the influence of the surface pretreatment of a Si substrate on cobalt silicide formation (1990)

The influence of surface contamination on silicide formation at the Co/Si interface is investigated. Some classical as well as some recently developed surface pretreatment methods are applied. Only those methods in which etching of the native oxide layer occurred lead to silicidation. To obtain silicidation, the temperature must be high enough to allow penetration of Co through this thin native oxide layer. Surface treatments that remove organic contamination from the surface produce lower silicidation temperatures. From a study of the dependence of the Schottky barrier height on annealing temperature, some suggestions about initially formed silicide could be given.
Poetry in American: A New Consideration of Whittier's Verse (1934)

ALMOST immediately following the close of the Civil War which definitely marked the end of Whittier's active political life he wrote his finest poem. It was, furthermore, only the beginning of his best work nearly all of which he accomplished during the last third of his life. I shall not let you rest, James Russell Lowell had written him in 1857, till I have got a New England pastoral out of you. Whittier had replied, 'pastoral' shall be thought of. In August, 1865, he was feeling ill and lonely. To while away his time he wrote Snow-Bound from the crowded memories of all he knew best. His publisher, James T. Fields, was greatly pleased. I am rejoiced to hear you are writing a snow-piece. Tell me all about it and let me know when you intend sending it to me. 1 On October third the manuscript was in his hands. Whittier's letter to Fields, a little later, strikes a note most unusual for him, one of optimism and pride which he seldom allowed himself to express in regard to his verse: I have been looking over the proof of Snow-Bound, and I now quite agree with thee and Annie F.[ields], that the poem is (though I say it who shouldn't) good. If the public don't like it, so much the worse for the public. But the public did like it. A blizzard of appropriate simultaneousness appeared on the publication date of the book. The sale of the poem was large and continuous. Altogether it brought Whittier ten thousand dollars. Its amazing
Learning to Plan for Constrained Manipulation from Demonstrations (2013)

Motion planning in high dimensional state spaces, such as for mobile manipulation, is a challenging problem. Constrained manipulation, e.g. opening articulated objects like doors or drawers, is also hard since sampling states on the constrained manifold is expensive. Further, planning for such tasks requires a combination of planning in free space for reaching a desired grasp or contact location followed by planning for the constrained manipulation motion, often necessitating a slow two step process in traditional approaches. In this work, we show that combined planning for such tasks can be dramatically accelerated by providing user demonstrations of the constrained manipulation motions. In particular, we show how such demonstrations can be incorporated into a recently developed framework of planning with experience graphs which encode and reuse previous experiences. We focus on tasks involving articulation constraints, e.g. door opening or drawer opening, where the motion of the object itself involves only a single degree of freedom. We provide experimental results with the PR2 robot opening a variety of such articulated objects using our approach, using full-body manipulation (after receiving kinesthetic demonstrations). We also provide simulated results highlighting the benefits of our approach for constrained manipulation tasks.
Functionalization and Reduction of Graphene Oxide with <i>p</i>-Phenylene Diamine for Electrically Conductive and Thermally Stable Polystyrene Composites (2012)

A facile and efficient approach was developed to simultaneously functionalize and reduce graphene oxide (GO) with p-phenylene diamine (PPD) by simple refluxing. This was possible by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of epoxide groups of GO with amine groups of PPD aided by NH(3) solution. As a consequence, electrical conductivity of GO-PPD increased to 2.1 × 10(2) S/m, which was nearly 9 orders of magnitude higher than that of GO. Additionally, after the incorporation of GO-PPD in polystyrene (PS), the composites exhibited a sharp transition from electrically insulating to conducting behavior with a low percolation threshold of ~0.34 vol %, which was attributed to the improved dispersion and the reduction of GO-PPD. Thermal stability of the PS/GO-PPD composite was also ~8 °C higher than that of PS.
The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear (2001)

Across America, middle‐class and upper‐middle‐class gated communities are creating new forms of exclusion and residential segregation, exacerbating social cleavages that already exist (Blakely and Snyder 1997; Higley 1995; Lang and Danielson 1997; Marcuse 1997). While historically secured and gated communities were built in the United States to protect estates and to contain the leisure world of retirees, these urban and suburban developments now target a much broader market, including families with children (Guterson 1992; Lofland 1998). This retreat to secured enclaves with walls, gates, and guards materially and symbolically contradicts American ethos and values, threatens public access to open space, and creates yet another barrier to social interaction, building of social networks, as well as increased tolerance of diverse cultural/ racial/social groups (Davis 1992;Devine 1996;Etzoni 1995; Judd 1995; McKenzie 1994). In this paper, I explore how the discourse of fear of violence and crime and the search for a secure community by those who live in gated communities in the United States legitimates and rationalizes class‐based exclusion strategies and residential segregation. I examine whether residents of cities experiencing increasing cultural diversity are fleeing neighborhoods because they have experienced a "loss of place" and therefore feel unsafe and insecure (Altaian and Low 1992). Some people are responding to this loss by choosing to buy into a defensive space, a walled and guarded community that they can call home, [gated communities, United States, urban fear]
Myelin‐induced microglial neurotoxicity can be controlled by microglial metabotropic glutamate receptors (2008)

Microglia are present in an activated state in multiple sclerosis lesions. Incubation of primary cultured rat microglia with rat-brain derived myelin (0.1-1 microg/mL) for 24 h induced microglial activation; cells displayed enhanced ED1 staining, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, production and release of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha and glutamate release. Exposure of microglia to myelin induced the expression of neuronal caspases and ultimately neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cell neurons; neurotoxicity was directly because of microglial-derived soluble toxins. Co-incubation of microglia with agonists or antagonists of different metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtypes ameliorated microglial neurotoxicity by inhibiting soluble neurotoxin production. Activation of microglial mGluR2 exacerbated myelin-evoked neurotoxicity whilst activation of mGluR3 was protective as was activation of group III mGluRs. These data show that myelin-induced microglial neurotoxicity can be prevented by regulation of mGluRs and suggest these receptors on microglia may be promising targets for therapeutic intervention in multiple sclerosis.
New challenge of tuberculosis control in shanghai;urgent need to help internal migrants in the period of economic transition (2003)

RATIONALE: Increasing internal migration from rural areas to cities in the period of economic transition in China has lead to changes in disease pattern and health service provision, including tuberculosis control. Tuberculosis control in migrants, being one forth population in Shanghai, is very important and urgent.……
A fast parallel multiplier-accumulator using the modified Booth algorithm (2000)

This paper presents a dependence graph (DG) to visualize and describe a merged multiply-accumulate (MAC) hardware that is based on the modified Booth algorithm (MBA). The carry-save technique is used in the Booth encoder, the Booth multiplier, and the accumulator sections to ensure the fastest possible implementation. The DG applies to any MAC data word size and allows designing multiplier structures that are regular and have minimal delay, sign-bit extensions, and datapath width. Using the DG, a fast pipelined implementation is proposed, in which an accurate delay model for deep submicron CMOS technology is used. The delay model describes multi-level gate delays, taking into account input ramp and output loading. Based on the delay model, the proposed pipelined parallel MAC design is three times faster than other parallel MAC schemes that are based on the MBA. The speedup resulted from merging the accumulate and the multiply operations and the wide use of carry-save techniques.
Molecular, Nanostructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Lamellar Triblock Copolymer Blends: Effects of Molecular Weight and Constraint (2001)

While theoretical and experimental efforts have thoroughly addressed microphase-ordered AB diblock copolymer blends with a parent homopolymer (hA or hB) or a second block copolymer, surprisingly few studies have considered comparable ABA triblock copolymers in the presence of hB or an AB diblock copolymer. In this study, we elucidate the roles of additive molecular weight and constraint by examining three matched series of miscible ABA/hB and ABA/AB blends. Self-consistent field theory is employed to analyze molecular characteristics, e. g., segmental distributions, microdomain periods and midblock bridging fractions, as functions of blend composition. Predictions are compared to morphological characteristics discerned by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The corresponding mechanical properties of these blends are measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The results of this comprehensive work reveal that addition of hB swells the B-lamellae of the ABA copolymer and has a generally deleterious effect on both the dynamic elastic modulus and midblock bridging fraction. In contrast, addition of a lamellar or cylindrical AB copolymer to the same ABA copolymer can promote an increase or decrease in lamellar period and bridging fraction, depending on relative block sizes.
Methane Production from Formate by Syntrophic Association of <i>Methanobacterium bryantii</i> and <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> JJ (1986)

Coculture of a sulfate-reducing bacterium, when grown in the absence of added sulfate, with Methanobacterium bryantii, which uses only H(2) and CO(2) for methanogenesis, degraded formate to CH(4). A pure culture of Desulfovibrio vulgaris JJ was able to produce small amounts of H(2). Such a syntrophic relationship might provide an additional way to avoid formate accumulation in anaerobic environments.
Peptides as Regulators of Gastric Acid Secretion (1988)

Several peptides are important regulators of gastric acid secretion. The best characterized is gastrin. This circulating hormone is produced in the gastric antrum and mediates the gastric phase of acid secretion. Somatostatin is important as an inhibitory regulator of acid secretion, but the relative importance of paracrine versus endocrine delivery to its targets remains to be determined. The mammalian bombesin peptides, GRP27 and GRP10, probably are mediators of neural release of gastrin. Opioid peptides in the gastric wall appear to act as endogenous neurostimulants of gastric acid secretion under some conditions. Other neuropeptides in the gastric mucosa and submucosa, including sensory neuropeptides, may be important regulators of acid secretion. Hormones or nerves activated by fat and other substances in the lumen of the small intestine cause inhibition of acid secretion, but the specific peptides responsible for this effect have not yet been identified from a long list of candidates. The effects of peptides on the parietal cell and the gastrin and somatostatin cells are functionally linked with those of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves and with locally released histamine.
Inhibitory Effect of 1,3,5-Triphenyl-4, 5-Dihydro-(1H)-Pyrazole Derivatives on Activity of Amine Oxidases (1998)

A new series of 1,3,5-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole derivatives was synthesized to ascertain the contribution of substituted phenyl rings present on the 4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole nucleus to the monoamine oxidases inhibition and bovine serum amine oxidase inhibition. All compounds were tested on bovine brain mitochondria preparation containing flavin-monoamine oxidases and on purified bovine serum amine oxidases, taken as a model of trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone-copper-containing amine oxidases. The 1,3,5-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole derivatives showed a good inhibitory activity and belonged to the third generation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and bovine serum amine oxidase inhibitors which have the advantage of acting through a reversible mode. Furthermore, their activity showed a good degree of selectivity towards the bovine serum amine oxidase inhibition dependent on the substituents present on the phenyl ring at position 5 of the 4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole.
A Comparison of Ungerboeck and Forney Models for Reduced-Complexity ISI Equalization (2007)

This paper investigates the performance of reduced- state trellis-based ISI equalizers, which are based on the so- called Ungerboeck and Forney observation models. Although the two models are equivalent when the Viterbi or BCJR equalizer is employed, their performances differ significantly when using reduced-complexity methods. It is demonstrated that practical equalizers operating on the Forney model outperform those operating on the Ungerboeck model for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), while the situation is reversed for low SNR levels. A novel theoretical reduced-complexity equalization strategy that improves on previous Ungerboeck-based equalizers is proposed.
<scp>l</scp>-Phenylalanine Production by Analog-resistant Mutants of<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (1974)

Journal Article l-Phenylalanine Production by Analog-resistant Mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum Get access Hiroshi Hagino, Hiroshi Hagino Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kiyoshi Nakayama Kiyoshi Nakayama Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 1, 1 January 1974, Pages 157–161, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1974.10861130 Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Received: 17 August 1973 Published: 01 January 1974
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acid Esters, Amides, and Nitriles with Homogeneous Catalysts (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCatalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acid Esters, Amides, and Nitriles with Homogeneous CatalystsSvenja Werkmeister, Kathrin Junge, and Matthias Beller*View Author Information Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2014, 18, 2, 289–302Publication Date (Web):January 13, 2014Publication History Received15 November 2013Published online2 February 2014Published inissue 21 February 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op4003278https://doi.org/10.1021/op4003278review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreACS Editors' Choice® is a collection designed to feature scientific articles of broad public interest. Read the latest articlesArticle Views62626Altmetric-Citations338LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Amides,Catalysts,Catalytic reactions,Hydrogenation,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
A role for ion channels in glioma cell invasion (2005)

Many cells, including neuronal and glial progenitor cells, stem cells and microglial cells, have the capacity to move through the extracellular spaces of the developing and mature brain. This is particularly pronounced in astrocyte-derived tumors, gliomas, which diffusely infiltrate the normal brain. Although a significant body of literature exists regarding signals that are involved in the guidance of cells and their processes, little attention has been paid to cell-shape and cell-volume changes of migratory cells. However, extracellular spaces in the brain are very narrow and represent a major obstacle that requires cells to dynamically regulate their volume. Recent studies in glioma cells show that this involves the secretion of Cl − and K + with water. Pharmacological inhibition of Cl − channels impairs their ability to migrate and limits tumor progression in experimental tumor models. One Cl − -channel inhibitor, chlorotoxin, is currently in Phase II clinical trials to treat malignant glioma. This article reviews our current knowledge of cell-volume changes and the role of ion channels during the migration of glioma cells. It also discusses evidence that supports the importance of channel-mediated cell-volume changes in the migration of immature neurons and progenitor cells during development. New unpublished data is presented, which demonstrates that Cl − and K + channels involved in cell shrinkage localize to lipid-raft domains on the invadipodia of glioma cells and that their presence might be regulated by trafficking of these proteins in and out of lipid rafts.
The Taxol Pathway 10-<i>O</i>-Acetyltransferase Shows Regioselective Promiscuity with the Oxetane Hydroxyl of 4-Deacetyltaxanes (2008)

The 10-deacetylbaccatin III:10beta-O-acetyltransferase isolated from Taxus cuspidata regiospecifically transfers short-chain alkanoyl groups from their corresponding CoA thioesters to the C10 hydroxyl of 10-deacetylbaccatin III. This 10-O-acetyltransferase along with five other Taxus acyltransferases on the paclitaxel (Taxol) biosynthetic pathway and one additional Taxus-derived acyltransferases of unknown function were screened for 4-O-acetyltransferase activity against 4-deacetylbaccatin III, 7-acetyl-, 13-acetyl-, and 7,13-diacetyl-4-deacetylbaccatin III. These 4-deacyl derivatives were semisynthesized from the natural product baccatin III via silyl protecting group manipulation, regioselective reductive ester cleavage with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride, and regioselective acetylation with acetic anhydride. Assays with the 4-deacetylated diterpene substrates and acetyl CoA revealed the taxane 10beta-O-acetyltransferase was able to catalyze the 4-O-acetylation of 4-deacetylbaccatin III to baccatin III and 13-acetyl-4-deacetylbacatin III to 13-acetylbaccatin III, although each was converted at lesser efficiency than with the natural substrate. In contrast, this enzyme was unable to acetylate 7-acetyl-4-deacetylbaccatin III and 7,13-diacetyl-4-deacetylbaccatin III substrates at C4, suggesting that the C7 hydroxyl of baccatin III must remain deacylated for enzyme function. The biocatalytic transfer of an acyl group to the tertiary hydroxyl on the oxetane moiety at C4 of the taxane ring demonstrates that the regiochemistry of the 10beta-acetyltransferase is mutable.
Development of a magnetically suspended centrifugal pump as a cardiac assist device for long-term application. (1996)

To overcome problems with the shaft seal in conventional centrifugal pumps, the authors have been developing a magnetically suspended centrifugal pump (MSCP) that operates as a valveless, sealless, and bearingless pump. The prototype of the MSCP was modified with respect to size of the volute diffuser and impeller blade profiles. A hemolysis test in vitro using a new version of the MSCP was performed in comparison with a commercially available centrifugal pump. The test circuit for the hemolysis test comprised a blood reservoir, a pump, and polyvinyl tubes, and was filled with fresh heparinized bovine blood. The pumping conditions were a flow rate of 5 L/min and a pump head afterload of 100 mmHg. The index of hemolysis in the MSCP was significantly lower than that in the Biomedicus pump (0.0035 +/- 0.0025 versus 0.0097 +/- 0.0056 g/100 L, p < 0.05). Reduction in the platelet count during pumping also was lower in the MSCP compared with the Biomedicus pump at both 6 hrs and 12 hrs of pumping (p < 0.01). This MSCP may be advantageous for extended use of assist devices, not only from the theoretical point of view, but in a practical sense after the results of the current hemolysis test.