gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Maturational Regulation of <i>PHEX</i> and Renal Phosphate Transport Inhibitory Activity: Evidence for the Pathophysiological Role of <i>PHEX</i> in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (1999)

The mechanism by which inactivating mutations of PHEX (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) cause X-linked hypophosphatemia remains unknown. However, recent reports suggest errant PHEX activity in osteoblasts may fail to inactivate a phosphaturic factor produced by these cells. To test this possibility, we examined coordinated maturational expression of PHEX and production of phosphate transport inhibitory activity in osteoblasts from normal and hyp-mice. We assessed the inhibitory activity in conditioned medium by examining the effects on opossum kidney cell phosphate transport and osteoblast PHEX expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during a 17-day maturational period. Inhibitory activity increased as a function of osteoblast maturational stage, with no activity after 3 days and persistent activity by 6 days of culture. More significantly, equal phosphate transport inhibitory activity in conditioned medium from normal and hyp-mouse osteoblasts (control 1.90 +/- 0.12, normal 1.48 +/- 0.10, hyp 1.45 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg of protein/minute) was observed at 6 days. However, by 10 days hyp-mouse osteoblasts exhibited greater inhibitory activity than controls, and by 17 days the difference in phosphate transport inhibition maximized (control 2.08 +/- 0.09, normal 1.88 +/- 0.06, hyp 1.58 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg of protein/minute). Concurrently, we observed absent PHEX expression in normal osteoblasts after 3 days, limited production at 6 days, and significant production by day 10 of culture, while hyp-mouse osteoblasts exhibited limited PHEX activity secondary to an inactivating mutation. The data suggest that the presence of inactivating PHEX mutations results in the enhanced renal phosphate transport inhibitory activity exhibited by hyp-mouse osteoblasts.
The Viterbi algorithm for sparse channels (1996)

This paper presents a reduced complexity Viterbi algorithm for use as sequence estimator for linear intersymbol interference channels with coarsely located coefficients. In particular, the complexity does not depend on the channel impulse response length but only on the number of nonzero coefficients. No approximations are used in the algorithm. We consider a multipath environment producing time spreads.
Analysis of renography for quantitative means in differentiating renal obstruction (2018)

One of the causes of renal failure is due to the presence of an obstruction in the kidney. Standard evaluation of renal obstruction using renography is by visual interpretation in which diagnosis is decided based on the pattern of the graph. However, this method is highly subjective due to the intra-observer and inter-observer variability and may lead to inconclusive findings. The works in this thesis were carried out to search for objective methods in the assessment of renal obstruction through quantification of renogram and to develop robust systematic methods for clinical evaluation of renogram. First, the reference ranges of the existing parameters in the literature for both unobstructed and obstructed classes were presented which can be used to verify and justify the diagnosis of renal obstruction. Secondly, a Baseline Screening System (BSS) that can exclude obstruction and avoid unnecessary administration of furosemide based on the first 10 min result of a renogram was proposed. When the BSS does not imply the absence of obstruction, the patient needs to continue the renography with the injection of diuretics. The result of the full scanning can be analyzed by using the proposed Basic Integrative System – Renal Obstruction (BISRO). Next, new quantitative parameters, U/V2, MeanCV50 and MedianCV60, which could provide a higher accuracy of diagnosis and able to differentiate the severity of obstruction were proposed. Using these newly proposed parameters together with the existing parameters found in the literature, an Advanced Integrative System – Renal Obstruction (AISRO) was developed.
Microbiota: a mediator to transform glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables to the active isothiocyanates (2017)

Isothiocyanates (ITCs), such as sulforaphane (SFN), exhibit powerful biological functions in fighting cancers, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They normally exist as glucosinolates (GLSs) in cruciferous vegetables, which are not themselves bioactive until they are degraded by myrosinase to form ITCs. Myrosinase coexists in the same plants but is normally kept apart from GLSs in different apparatus. A key point is that myrosinase is temperature sensitive and can be inactivated upon exposure to temperatures over 60 °, as typically occurs during cooking. However, studies using animal models and population trials have suggested that human gut bacteria might act like an 'organ' in that they can secrete their own myrosinase. In this review, the hydrolysis of GLS by myrosinase is discussed, with an important focus on the gut microflora and their myrosinase-producing roles. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Broadband radio-frequency spectrum analyzer based on spectral hole burning (2003)

Application of spectral hole burning to the spectral analysis of broadband radio frequency signals is demonstrated. The device operates on an optically carried RF signal and achieves the angular separation of the signal spectral components.
Type 1 fimbrial expression enhances Escherichia coli virulence for the urinary tract. (1996)

Type 1 fimbriae are adhesion organelles expressed by many Gram-negative bacteria. They facilitate adherence to mucosal surfaces and inflammatory cells in vitro, but their contribution to virulence has not been defined. This study presents evidence that type 1 fimbriae increase the virulence of Escherichia coli for the urinary tract by promoting bacterial persistence and enhancing the inflammatory response to infection. In a clinical study, we observed that disease severity was greater in children infected with E. coli O1:K1:H7 isolates expressing type 1 fimbriae than in those infected with type 1 negative isolates of the same serotype. The E. coli O1:K1:H7 isolates had the same electrophoretic type, were hemolysin-negative, expressed P fimbriae, and carried the fim DNA sequences. When tested in a mouse urinary tract infection model, the type 1-positive E. coli O1:K1:H7 isolates survived in higher numbers, and induced a greater neutrophil influx into the urine, than O1:K1:H7 type 1-negative isolates. To confirm a role of type 1 fimbriae, a fimH null mutant (CN1016) was constructed from an O1:K1:H7 type 1-positive parent. E. coli CN1016 had reduced survival and inflammatogenicity in the mouse urinary tract infection model. E. coli CN1016 reconstituted with type 1 fimbriae (E. coli CN1018) had restored virulence similar to that of the wild-type parent strain. These results show that type 1 fimbriae in the genetic background of a uropathogenic strain contribute to the pathogenesis of E. coli in the urinary tract.
Biosynthesis of the Heat‐Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Geldanamycin: New Insight into the Formation of the Benzoquinone Moiety (2006)

A clue towards determining the biosynthetic origin of ansamycin benzoquinone formation by spontaneous oxidation from a corresponding hydroquinone has been provided by ACDL3172 (1), a tricyclic geldanamycin derivative produced by the gel8 gene-inactivated strain of S. hygroscopicus subsp. duamyceticus JCM4427. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2006/z500441_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Warp Computer: Architecture, Implementation, and Performance (1987)

The Warp machine is a systolic array computer of linearly connected cells, each of which is a programmable processor capable of performing 10 million floating-point operations per second (10 MFLOPS). A typical Warp array includes ten cells, thus having a peak computation rate of 100 MFLOPS. The Warp array can be extended to include more cells to accommodate applications capable of using the increased computational bandwidth. Warp is integrated as an attached processor into a Unix host system. Programs for Warp are written in a high-level language supported by an optimizing compiler. The first ten-cell prototype was completed in February 1986; delivery of production machines started in April 1987. Extensive experimentation with both the prototype and production machines has demonstrated that the Warp architecture is effective in the application domain of robot navigation as well as in other fields such as signal processing, scientific computation, and computer vision research. For these applications, Warp is typically several hundred times faster than a VAX 11/780 class computer. This paper describes the architecture, implementation, and performance of the Warp machine. Each major architectural decision is discussed and evaluated with system, software, and application considerations. The programming model and tools developed for the machine are also described. The paper concludes with performance data for a large number of applications.
DENTAL CARE FOR THE MENTALLY RETARDED; A CHALLENGE TO THE PROFESSION (1965)

Here is a plea, with some suggestions of procedure, in gaining dental care for retarded children.
Early B-Cell Factors Are Required for Specifying Multiple Retinal Cell Types and Subtypes from Postmitotic Precursors (2010)

The establishment of functional retinal circuits in the mammalian retina depends critically on the proper generation and assembly of six classes of neurons, five of which consist of two or more subtypes that differ in morphologies, physiological properties, and/or sublaminar positions. How these diverse neuronal types and subtypes arise during retinogenesis still remains largely to be defined at the molecular level. Here we show that all four family members of the early B-cell factor (Ebf) helix-loop-helix transcription factors are similarly expressed during mouse retinogenesis in several neuronal types and subtypes including ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells, and that their expression in ganglion cells depends on the ganglion cell specification factor Brn3b. Misexpressed Ebfs bias retinal precursors toward the fates of non-AII glycinergic amacrine, type 2 OFF-cone bipolar and horizontal cells, whereas a dominant-negative Ebf suppresses the differentiation of these cells as well as ganglion cells. Reducing Ebf1 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) leads to an inhibitory effect similar to that of the dominant-negative Ebf, effectively neutralizes the promotive effect of wild-type Ebf1, but has no impact on the promotive effect of an RNAi-resistant Ebf1. These data indicate that Ebfs are both necessary and sufficient for specifying non-AII glycinergic amacrine, type 2 OFF-cone bipolar and horizontal cells, whereas they are only necessary but not sufficient for specifying ganglion cells; and further suggest that Ebfs may coordinate and cooperate with other retinogenic factors to ensure proper specification and differentiation of diverse retinal cell types and subtypes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Stimulates p53 Expression through NF-κB Activation (2012)

Taken together, NF-κB activation and induction of p53 expression is essential for ER stress-induced cell death which is important for therapeutic effects of clinical cancer drugs. Our results may provide insight into the mechanism of cancer chemotherapy efficacy that is associated with induction of ER stress.
Lateral‐Flow Immunochromatographic Assays (2007)

Abstract This overview of lateral‐flow immunochromatographic assays covers the development of the first of such tests for pregnancy, their general mode of operation and the role of, and interplay between, their different components. Emerging materials and issues related to the wider range of biofluids these devices are now designed to work with are also discussed. This assay platform has existed for almost 20 years and despite efforts to improve upon it, its ability to produce an accurate and rapid result in the hands of both professional and naïve user 8 will ensure that its spectrum of applicability widens.
Service Distribution of eBusiness Programs in the Asia-Pacific Region (2004)

Universities in the Asia Pacific (AP) region were moving to a fee-for-service mode of operation in the past decade. Universities offered new programs to attract students, and hence a model for such offering became essential. New Educational Service Product Offerings (NESPO) model, derived based on some new service product models, was developed for this purpose. In this paper, we examine how universities have made use of the service distribution concept- one of new service product concepts in the NESPO, for offering their eBusiness educational programs in the AP region for the period 2000-2003. The findings suggest that eBusiness degree program developers would benefit from taking a more market-focused view of their new offerings. 1.
Wideband RCS Reduction of a Microstrip Antenna Using Artificial Magnetic Conductor Structures (2015)

A design approach aimed at reducing the radar cross section (RCS) of microstrip antenna in wide frequency band is proposed. First, two different artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cells are designed to obtain 180 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^\circ $</tex></formula> ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \pm 30^\circ $</tex></formula> ) reflection phase difference over broadband frequency range. Then, chessboard configuration is structured with the two AMC unit cells and is applied to a microstrip antenna for RCS reduction. The simulated results indicate that the proposed antenna possesses remarkable RCS reduction from 8.0 GHz to 20.0 GHz for both polarizations, covering the working band of the original antenna. The maximum reduction is 31.9 dB. Moreover, the radiation performance of the antenna has been well kept. Measured results of the fabricated prototype are in good agreement with the simulations.
Novel Ex Vivo Zymography Approach for Assessment of Protease Activity in Tissues with Activatable Antibodies (2021)

Proteases are involved in the control of numerous physiological processes, and their dysregulation has been identified in a wide range of pathologies, including cancer. Protease activity is normally tightly regulated post-translationally and therefore cannot be accurately estimated based on mRNA or protein expression alone. While several types of zymography approaches to estimate protease activity exist, there remains a need for a robust and reliable technique to measure protease activity in biological tissues. We present a novel quantitative ex vivo zymography (QZ) technology based on Probody<sup>®</sup> therapeutics (Pb-Tx), a novel class of protease-activated cancer therapeutics that contain a substrate linker cleavable by tumor-associated proteases. This approach enables the measurement and comparison of protease activity in biological tissues via the detection of Pb-Tx activation. By exploiting substrate specificity and selectivity, cataloguing and differentiating protease activities is possible, with further refinement achieved using protease-specific inhibitors. Using the QZ assay and human tumor xenografts, patient tumor tissues, and patient plasma, we characterized protease activity in preclinical and clinical samples. The QZ assay offers the potential to increase our understanding of protease activity in tissues and inform diagnostic and therapeutic development for diseases, such as cancer, that are characterized by dysregulated proteolysis.
Thin film magnetoresistors in memory, storage, and related applications (1975)

This paper is a review of ferromagnetic metal film magnetoresistors for applications such as read transducers in advanced computer memory and storage technology (mainly bubble domain memories and magnetic recording systems). Uses of semiconductor Hall effect sensors in this environment are also reviewed, and wherever possible a comparison of the suitability of the two classes of sensors for a particular application is made. The paper includes a phenomenological treatment of galvanomagnetic effects, a brief discussion of materials, design considerations and applications, and a short section on device fabrication techniques.
The Bcg/Ity/Lsh locus: genetic transfer of resistance to infections in C57BL/6J mice transgenic for the Nramp1 Gly169 allele (1996)

The murine Bcg/Ity/Lsh locus determines the susceptibilities of inbred strains to infection with unrelated intracellular parasites, such as Mycobacterium bovis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Leishmania donovani. A candidate for Bcg/Ity/Lsh, designated Nramp1, has been recently identified and shown to encode a novel integral membrane protein that is expressed exclusively in professional phagocytes but whose function remains unknown. In inbred strains, the susceptibility to infection is associated with a single glycine-to-aspartic acid substitution at position 169 (G169D) in the predicted TM4 of the protein. To confirm the candidacy of Nramp1 as Bcg/Ity/Lsh and to determine the importance of the G169D mutation on Nramp1 function, we constructed transgenic mice in which the G169 allele of Nramp1 was transferred onto the background of a homozygous D169 allele. These transgenic mice were analyzed for their sensitivity to infections under the control of Bcg/Ity/Lsh. The transgene constructed for these studies contained the entire Nramp1G169 gene together with approximately 5 kb of sequences upstream of the transcription initiation site of this gene. We observed that these sequences were sufficient to direct Nramp1G169 expression in transgenic macrophages, resulting in the appearance of a mature protein of 90 to 100 kDa over a background of Nramp1G169 characterized by the complete absence of the mature Nramp1 polypeptide. The appearance of the Nramp1G169-encoded protein in transgenic macrophages was concomitant with the emergence of resistance to infection by M. bovis BCG, as measured by the extent of bacteria] replication in the spleen, and by S. typhimurium, as measured by survival after an intravenous challenge. The gain of function detected in transgenic Nramp1G169 animals establishes unambiguously that Nramp1 and Bcg/Ity/Lsh are allelic.
Über γ‐Pyrone und γ‐Pyridone, II. Mitteil.): Darstellung und Eigenschaften einiger substituierter γ‐Pyridone (1954)

Abstract γ‐Pyrone, insbesondere Derivate der Kojisäure und der Komensäure, wurden mit Ammoniak, Methylamin, bifunktionellen Aminen und Aminosäuren zu den entsprechenden γ‐Pyridonen umgesetzt. Bei der Einwirkung von Thionylchlorid auf N ‐Methyl‐pyridon‐(4)‐carbonsäure‐(2) treten zwei Cl‐Atome als Ringsubstituenten ein – wahrscheinlich in 4.6‐Stellung.
Defects in serum attractant activity in different types of chronic liver disease. (1984)

Serum attractant activity, measured in 57 patients with chronic liver disease, was significantly reduced in 66% of the 27 patients with alcoholic liver disease and in 29% of the 17 patients with chronic active hepatitis, but was normal in 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis despite the presence of established cirrhosis in nearly half of them. In patients with alcoholic liver disease, but not in those with chronic active hepatitis, there was a correlation between the serum defect and severity of liver disease. The defect could not be related to the deficiency of key complement components, raised concentrations of IgA or G or the concurrent presence of bacterial infection. These findings suggest that the aetiology of liver disease may be an important factor in the development of serum attractant abnormalities.
Consumer Decision Making (2010)

Abstract In a selective review of what is known about consumer decision making, we highlight ways in which consumers deviate from the classical economic model of homo economicus . We first consider how consumer preferences are influenced by characteristics of the decision task and context, such as choice set size, attribute quantity, option similarity and justifiability, presentation format, and response mode. We then review how the interplay of affect and cognitions affects consumer decision making, and how consumers misforecast their consumption experiences, cope with self‐control difficulties, and make poorer decisions as they try to choose well. Finally, we advocate using insights on consumer decision making to design choice settings helping consumers make better decisions.
Hypertension Accelerates the Progression of Alzheimer-Like Pathology in a Mouse Model of the Disease (2014)

Cerebrovascular impairment is frequent in patients with Alzheimer disease and is believed to influence clinical manifestation and severity of the disease. Cardiovascular risk factors, especially hypertension, have been associated with higher risk of developing Alzheimer disease. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the hypertension, Alzheimer disease cross talk, we established a mouse model of dual pathology by infusing hypertensive doses of angiotensin II into transgenic APPPS1 mice overexpressing mutated human amyloid precursor and presenilin 1 proteins. At 4.5 months, at the early stage of disease progression, only hypertensive APPPS1 mice presented impairment of temporal order memory performance in the episodic-like memory task. This cognitive deficit was associated with an increased number of cortical amyloid deposits (223±5 versus 207±5 plaques/mm(2); P<0.05) and a 2-fold increase in soluble amyloid levels in the brain and in plasma. Hypertensive APPPS1 mice presented several cerebrovascular alterations, including a 25% reduction in cerebral microvessel density and a 30% to 40% increase in cerebral vascular amyloid deposits, as well as a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in the brain, compared with normotensive APPPS1 mice. Moreover, the brain levels of nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3 and the nitrite/nitrate levels were reduced in hypertensive APPPS1 mice (by 49%, 34%, and 33%, respectively, compared with wild-type mice; P<0.05). Our results indicate that hypertension accelerates the development of Alzheimer disease-related structural and functional alterations, partially through cerebral vasculature impairment and reduced nitric oxide production.
<i>Best1</i>Is a Gene Regulated by Nerve Injury and Required for Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Activated Cl<sup>−</sup>Current Expression in Axotomized Sensory Neurons (2009)

We investigated the molecular determinants of Ca(2+)-activated chloride current (CaCC) expressed in adult sensory neurons after a nerve injury. Dorsal root ganglia express the transcripts of three gene families known to induce CaCCs in heterologous systems: bestrophin, tweety, and TMEM16. We found with quantitative transcriptional analysis and in situ hybridization that nerve injury induced upregulation of solely bestrophin-1 transcripts in sensory neurons. Gene screening with RNA interference in single neurons demonstrated that mouse Best1 is required for the expression of CaCC in injured sensory neurons. Transfecting injured sensory neurons with bestrophin-1 mutants inhibited endogenous CaCC. Exogenous expression of the fusion protein green fluorescent protein-Bestrophin-1 in naive neurons demonstrated a plasma membrane localization of the protein that generates a CaCC with biophysical and pharmacological properties similar to endogenous CaCC. Our data suggest that Best1 belongs to a group of genes upregulated by nerve injury and supports functional CaCC expression in injured sensory neurons.