gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ibiza Absolute Calibration Experiment: Survey and Preliminary Results (2004)

Within the framework of a project comprising part of the Spanish Space Program related to the JASON-1 CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales)/NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) mission, a campaign was conducted from June 9–17, 2003, on the Absolute Calibration Site of the island of Ibiza. The objective was to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending (187) and descending (248) Jason-1 ground tracks, in order to allow a better extrapolation of the open-ocean altimetric data with on-shore tide gauge locations, and thereby improve the overall precision of the calibration process. For this we have used a catamaran with two GPS antennas onboard, following the Corsica/Senetosa design (Bonnefond et al. 2003a Bonnefond, P., Exertier, P., Laurain, O., Menard, Y., Orsoni, A., Jeansou, E., Haines, B., Kubitschek, D. and Born, G. 2003a. Leveling Sea Surface using a GPS catamaran. Marine Geodesy, 26(3–4): 319–334. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Five GPS reference stations were deployed in order to reduce the distance between the areas covered by the catamaran and the fixed GPS receiver used in the kinematic process. The geodetic activities (e.g., GPS, leveling) have enabled the building of a very accurate (few mm) network in a reference frame compatible with the satellite altimetry missions (ITRF 2000). The GPS kinematic data were processed using two different software programmes, allowing checking of the consistency of the solutions. If the standard deviation of the differences (3.3 cm) is close to the kinematic process precision, they exhibit some large values (up to 14 cm). These large discrepancies have been reduced using a weighting based on the crossover differences. Inasmuch as the distances between the tide gauges and the areas covered by the GPS catamaran were becoming large, we have used the MOG2D ocean model (Carrère and Lyard 2003 Carrère, L. and Lyard, F. 2003. Modelling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing—comparisons with observations. Geophys. Res. Letters, 30(6)[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) to correct the sea surface from tides. In the farthest areas, the crossover differences show an improvement by a factor of two. Finally, we also present preliminary results on Jason-1 altimeter calibration using the derived marine geoid. From this analysis, the altimeter bias is estimated to be 120 ± 5 mm. The quality of this first result validates the whole GPS-based marine geoid processing, for which the accuracy is estimated to be better than 3 cm rms at crossovers.
Fiber-based local access network architectures (1989)

The attributes of the various architectural alternatives are discussed. Several systems proposed for the delivery of telephone service and/or distributive video services in the local access network are described. The status of the standardization of interfaces for the broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) based on the synchronous optical network (SONET) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extracellular ATP‐induced currents in astrocytes: Involvement of a cation channel (1994)

Whole-cell currents were measured with the perforated patch clamp technique in cultured rat astrocytes to analyze the underlying ionic mechanism for a P2-purinoceptor-mediated depolarization. ATP (100 microM) induced an inward current with a mean amplitude of 130 pA and an EC50 of 17 microM. The response desensitized during a 1 min application. Replacement of extracellular Na+ with NMDG or K+ abolished the ATP-evoked inward current. Replacement of Na+ with choline, however, resulted in an ATP-evoked response of one-third the amplitude in normal solution. This is indicative of a cation rather than Na+ channel. However, due to difficulties in voltage-clamping these gap junction-coupled cells at voltages different from the membrane resting potential, the current reversal potential could not be determined. Measurements with K(+)-sensitive microelectrodes showed that 100 microM ATP lowered the intracellular K+ concentration. Replacement of extracellular Ca2+ or Cl- did not alter the ATP-induced inward currents. Fura-2 imaging experiments revealed a transient rise of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration during ATP application. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ did not influence the peak response; it did, however, shorten the time course. These results and previous observations that the permeability changes are caused by a P2x receptor are indicative of an ATP-sensitive cation conductance. In addition, cytoplasmic Ca2+ is increased by mobilization from intracellular stores, and by additional influx across the cell membrane. Extracellular ATP released by neurons could evoke K+ release from astrocytes as well as be a mediator for cation changes that signal cell activation processes when released by damaged cells.
Synthesis and Structure Determination of Some New N‐Glycosides of 4,5‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐Thiones (2002)

Abstract Some new N‐glycosides of 4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐5‐pyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones were synthesised by the coupling reaction of halo sugar with 4,5‐disubstituted 3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones in the presence of mercuric cyanide and dry nitromethane as solvent, followed by deprotection using dry ammonia in methanol. All of the above compounds were fully characterized by means of infrared, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
A Prior-based Transfer Learning Method for the Phishing Detection (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a prior-based transfer  learning method for our statistical machine learning  classifier which based on the logistic regression to detect the  phishing sites that relies on our selected features of the  URLs. Because of the mismatched distributions of the  features in different phishing domains, we employ multiple  models for different regions. Since it is impossible for us to  collect enough data from a new region to rebuild the  detection model, we adjust the existing models by the  transfer learning algorithm to solve these problems. The  proposed algorithm was evaluated on a real-world task of  detecting the phishing websites. After a number of  experiments, our proposed transfer learning algorithm  achieves more than 97% accuracy. The result demonstrates  the use of this algorithm in the anti-phishing scenario is  feasible and ready for our large scale detection engine.
Measurement of magnetically induced linear optical birefringence and dichroism in colloidal dispersions (1977)

Linear birefringence and linear dichroism are a result of preferential orientation of non-spherical molecules or colloidal particles in liquids or dispersions. A novel apparatus is described for measuring simultaneously the birefringence and dichroism induced in liquids or colloidal dispersions by a magnetic field. The apparatus uses phase modulation and a phase-sensitive detector, the modulator being a phase plate rotated at a steady speed in the light path. Theory shows that a birefringent dichroic dispersion produces in-quadrature photovoltaic signals as measured by the photocurrent of a photomultiplier. These signals are separately measurable using phase-sensitive detection. Results are given for the nominally transparent liquid benzene and several dilute but turbid, colloidal, mineral aqueous dispersions. The latter show clearly the existence of both permanent and anisotropic induced magnetic moments in the colloidal particles, with complete particle alignment being reached at magnetic fields of about 1 T.
Aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur(IV) by hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid (1987)

The aqueous phase oxidation kinetics of sulfur(IV) by hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid have been investigated over the p H range 4.0–5.2 for hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide and 2.9–5.8 for peroxyacetic acid. The reagent concentrations used in these studies were in the micromolar range. In the cases of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid, 1 mol of sulfate was produced for each mole of peroxide consumed. In the case of methylhydroperoxide, 0.73±0.04 mol of sulfate, and 0.27±0.04 mol of the methylsulfate were produced for each mole of peroxide consumed. The experimentally determined rate laws for the three reactions are given by d [peroxide]/ dt = k [H + ] [peroxide] [S(IV)]. The third order rate constants, k , for the three reactions were determined to be 7.2±2.0×10 7 M −2 s −1 for hydrogen peroxide (18°C), 1.7±0.4×10 7 M −2 s −1 for methylhydroperoxide (23°C), and 3.5±1.3 ×10 7 M −2 s −1 for peroxyacetic acid (18°C). The oxidation kinetics of aqueous S(IV) by peroxyacetic acid also contained a second‐order term over the p H range investigated in this study, first‐order in both peroxyacetic acid and S(IV) concentrations. The rate constant k′ for this term was determined to be 6.1±2.6×10 2 M −1 s −1 . Temperature dependence studies over the range 6°–25°C yielded activation energies of 31.6±1.3 kJ/mol for methylhydroperoxide and 33.2±0.7 kJ/mol for peroxyacetic acid.
Input design for model order determination in subspace identification (2003)

Abstract Subspace identification methods require that the inputs to the process being identified be persistently exciting. This may be inadequate for subspace identification of ill‐conditioned multivariable processes, because the process model order may be underestimated, leading to subsequent identification of poor models. To remedy the problem, it is proposed that inputs must be used that excite a process to be identified in a way that produces as uncorrelated process outputs as possible. This can be accomplished either in open or in closed‐loop fashion. Simulations on a high‐purity distillation column and on a heat exchanger illustrate the merit of the proposed approach.
US-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules: Indications, Techniques, Results (2008)

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid nodules is minimally invasive and safe and is usually performed on an outpatient basis. However, the optimal application of FNA requires not only technical skill but also an awareness of the limitations of the procedure, the indications for its use, the factors that affect the adequacy of the biopsy specimen, and the postprocedural management strategy. Ultrasonographic (US) features that are considered indications for FNA include single and multiple thyroid nodules. The results of FNA biopsy are operator dependent. In addition, the results may be affected by the lesion characteristics, the accuracy of lesion and needle localization, the method of guidance, the number of aspirated samples, the needle gauge, the aspiration technique, and the presence or absence of on-site facilities for immediate cytologic examination. With regard to postprocedural management, nodules that are diagnosed as benign on the basis of an adequate FNA specimen should be monitored with follow-up US. Circumstances that necessitate repeat FNA include sample inadequacy, nodule enlargement, cyst recurrence, or clinical or imaging findings that arouse suspicion about the presence of a malignancy even when cytologic findings in the biopsy specimen indicate benignity. Supplemental material available at radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/28/7/1869/DC1.
Segregation and Convergence of Information Flow through the Cortico-Subthalamic Pathways (2001)

Cortico-basal ganglia circuits are organized in parallel channels. Information flow from functionally distinct cortical areas remains segregated within the striatum and through its direct projections to basal ganglia output structures. Whether such a segregation is maintained in trans-subthalamic circuits is still questioned. The effects of electrical stimulation of prefrontal, motor, and auditory cortex were analyzed in the subthalamic nucleus as well as in the striatum of anesthetized rats. In the striatum, cells (n = 300) presenting an excitatory response to stimulation of these cortical areas were located in distinct striatal territories, and none of the cells responded to two cortical stimulation sites. In the subthalamic nucleus, both prefrontal and motor cortex stimulations induced early and late excitatory responses as a result of activation of the direct cortico-subthalamic pathway and of the indirect cortico-striato-pallido-subthalamic pathway, respectively. Stimulation of the auditory cortex, which does not send direct projection to the subthalamic nucleus, induced only late excitatory responses. Among the subthalamic responding cells (n = 441), a few received both prefrontal and motor cortex (n = 19) or prefrontal and auditory cortex (n = 10) excitatory inputs, whereas a larger number of cells were activated from both motor and auditory cortices (n = 48). The data indicate that the segregation of cortical information flow originating from prefrontal, motor, and auditory cortices that occurred in the striatum is only partly maintained in the subthalamic nucleus. It can be proposed that the existence of specific patterns of convergence of information flow from these functionally distinct cortical areas in the subthalamic nucleus allows interactions between parallel channels.
The antigenicity of asialylated IgG: its relationship to rheumatoid factor. (1981)

Native IgG of human or rabbit origin, from which terminal sialic acid is removed by immobilized neuraminidase, undergoes changes in structure and antigenicity. Such asialylated rabbit IgG's tend to agglutinate, and are immunogenic in autologous hosts. The sialic acid content of rheumatoid factor (RF) isolated from the serum of a rheumatoid patient and identified as IgG and IgM, was also found to be lower than that of normal IgG and IgM. These findings indicate that carbohydrate residues influence the secondary structure of IgG and suggest an enzymic mechanism for the genesis of RF.
N, P and K Fertilizers Alter Plant Growth, Essential Oil Yield and Gender of Sweet Gale (Myrica gale L) (2014)

To investigate whether the fertilizers N, P or K individually affect plant growth, oil content and the gender of sweet gale, two trials, pot and field trials, were carried out at Orkney College UHI in Scotland. A pot trial was established with eight soils which were collected from different sweet gale trial sites in the north of Scotland. Although neither shoot yield nor oil concentration in shoots was affected by soil, there were significant differences in shoot yields as a result of fertilizer treatments (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) or none (control)). The best yield was obtained from the N treatment which was double to that of the control and P treatments. N, P or K fertilizers did not consistently affect shoot oil concentration in two seasons; however, oil yield was significantly affected, and N treatment produced two-three fold oil yield increases compared with the control or P treatment. In the N treatment, the increase in shoot yield was positively correlated with total nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen in the soil, suggesting the occurrence of a nitrogen priming effect. Data suggested that as shoot yield increased the oil concentration in shoots decreased. Neither soil nor N, P or K fertilizers had a significant effect on oil composition. Amongst fertilizer treatments, P resulted in the largest number of plants changing gender from female to male. A field N trial confirmed that nitrogen significantly enhanced the shoot yield of young plants.
Further generalization of golden mean in relation to Euler’s 'divine' equation (2004)

In this paper a new generalization of the Golden mean, as a further generalization in relation to Stakhov (1989) and to Spinadel (1999), is presented. Also, it is first observed that the Euler’s divine equation (a + bn)/n = x represents a possible generalization of Golden mean.
Embedded test control schemes for compression in SOCs (2002)

This paper presents novel control schemes for testing embedded cores in a system on a chip (SOC). It converts a traditional BIST scheme into an externally controllable scheme to achieve a high test quality within optimal test execution time without inserting test points. The scheme promotes design and test reuse without revealing IP information.
Appraisal Strategy for a Tight Gas Discovery (2011)

Abstract Exploring and developing tight gas accumulations are both technically & commercially challenging due to the large subsurface uncertainty and low expected ultimate recovery (EUR) per well. In this paper, the appraisal phase of a tight gas discovery is described in three parts. The first part highlights the main geological uncertainties associated with rock properties for tight sands with porosity as low as 5% and permeability of few tens to hundreds of microDarcy. As a consequence, free fluid contracts for such accumulations are difficult to pinpoint using conventional petrophysical analysis of open logs and due to the lack of reliable fluid pressure data. Tight gas accumulations are known to be associated with large gas-to-water transition zones, leading to much broader and uncertain estimates of the gas resources. This in turn adds to the complexity in identifying and planning development options for such discoveries. The second part describes some new technologies adapted to narrow down the subsurface uncertainties and to speed up the appraisal phase of a tight gas accumulation. Such technologies include: under-balanced drilling (UBD), high resolution gas chromatography measured at drilling site, special core analysis and dedicated petrophysical evaluation for tight sands. In addition, new technologies related to seismic imaging and fracc optimisation are also considered with the ultimate aim of improving gas production rates and EUR per well. The last part of the paper describes the underlying strategy in maturing a tight gas discovery into field development. The strategy in principle has three main elements: 1) narrowing down the subsurface uncertainty; 2) reducing well cost; and 3) improving expected ultimate recovery per well. The campaign takes advantage of the ongoing development of nearby gas fields that provides the opportunity for hooking up appraisal wells at an early stage for extended well test. This appraisal plan is managed and executed by a dedicated and well-integrated multi-disciplinary team.
Methyl jasmonate inhibition of root growth and induction of a leaf protein are decreased in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant. (1992)

Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are plant signaling molecules that affect plant growth and gene expression. Primary root growth of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was inhibited 50% when seedlings were grown on agar medium containing 0.1 M MeJA. An ethyl methanesulfonate mutant (jar1) with decreased sensitivity to MeJA inhibition of root elongation was isolated and characterized. Genetic data indicated the trait was recessive and controlled by a single Mendelian factor. MeJA-induced polypeptides were detected in Arabidopsis leaves by antiserum to a MeJA-inducible vegetative storage protein from soybean. The induction of these proteins by MeJA in the mutant was at least 4-fold less in jar1 compared to wild type. In contrast, seeds of jar1 plants were more sensitive than wild type to inhibition of germination by abscisic acid. These results suggest that the defect in jar1 affects a general jasmonate response pathway, which may regulate multiple genes in different plant organs.
Classification of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Group B into Distinct Serotypes II. Extraction of Type-Specific Antigens for Serotyping by Precipitin Techniques (1972)

Over 10 distinct serotypes of group B Neisseria meningitidis have been found to date by using a sensitive microbactericidal assay developed by the authors. The serotype antigens have now been extracted by hot acid or saline extraction procedures. It was found that these extracted serotype antigens may be used in a simple capillary precipitin method. This method uses unadsorbed, undiluted rabbit antisera. In the capillary precipitin method a 3+ to 4+ reaction was considered significant. The microbactericidal assay and capillary precipitin methods for serotyping group B meningococci show excellent agreement. Group B meningococci were also serotyped by an agar gel double diffusion technique. The latter technique conserves reagents and has the further advantage that it does not show the minor cross-reactions observed in the capillary precipitin method. Thus two simple, reproducible methods for serological typing of group B meningococci have been developed. These methods developed for the serological typing of group B meningococci will aid in epidemiological studies of meningococcal disease. They may also be of value for selecting suitable strains for vaccine production.
Autonomous PHM with blade-tip-sensors: algorithms and seeded fault experience (2002)

Blade tip sensors embedded into the engine case have been used for decades to measure blade tip clearance and blade vibration. Many sensing technologies have been used; capacitive, inductive, optical, microwave, infra-red, eddy-current, pressure and acoustic. These sensors generate data streams far greater than have been historically used in engine diagnostic units. Data streams of about 10,000 samples per second per sensor are about the minimum achievable, with some sensor front-ends delivering data streams of greater than 1Megasamples per second per sensor. In a PHM application, this data cannot be stored for later human analysis, but must be analyzed and discarded. This paper outlines autonomous algorithms for the real-time analysis of this data stream for PHM purposes. The application of these algorithms to several seeded fault tests is described. The need for a series of additional seeded fault tests is highlighted, for the purpose of maturing these algorithms prior to introduction into service.
Tin-Assisted Synthesis of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2017)

Metastable $ϵ$-gallium oxide is expected to have very good properties for high-power electronics, combining the large band gap and high breakdown field of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Ga${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ with a very high spontaneous polarization. Unfortunately, synthesizing $ϵ$-Ga${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ is quite tricky, yet the authors have managed it. Introducing tin avoids the formation of volatile suboxides, which leadsto a widened growth window in which $ϵ$-gallium oxide can beformed. Furthermore, the growth mechanism that the authors revealcould be relevant for the growth of any binary oxide.