gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS IN THE FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF CERTAIN ETHERS<sup>1</sup> (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS IN THE FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF CERTAIN ETHERS1L. Charles Raiford and James C. ColbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 10, 2652–2662Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01421a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01421a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DESIGN & PERFORMANCE OF DRIP DISPERSAL SYSTEMS IN FREEZING ENVIRONMENTS (2001)

Four different drip dispersal systems in Minnesota were instrumented to determine temperatures at a number of different locations within each system. Temperatures were recorded throughout the winter of 2000/2001. Generally speaking soil temperatures at the emitter line (7.5 to 30 cm of cover) were below freezing throughout the winter. Temperatures at the emitter line tended to be slightly colder (except during dosing events) than the soil temperature at a comparable depth between emitter lines on lightly loaded systems. Different strategies for insulating of air relief valve boxes were investigated. Designs that insulate the top of the valve box while maximizing the transfer of heat from below were the most successful. All four systems operated successfully through the Minnesota winter, despite freezing soil conditions. This can be attributed to the proper use of insulation and drainback design strategies.
Cicada Wing Surface Topography: An Investigation into the Bactericidal Properties of Nanostructural Features (2015)

Recently, the surface of the wings of the Psaltoda claripennis cicada species has been shown to possess bactericidal properties and it has been suggested that the nanostructure present on the wings was responsible for the bacterial death. We have studied the surface-based nanostructure and bactericidal activity of the wings of three different cicadas (Megapomponia intermedia, Ayuthia spectabile and Cryptotympana aguila) in order to correlate the relationship between the observed surface topographical features and their bactericidal properties. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy performed in this study revealed that the tested wing species contained a highly uniform, nanopillar structure on the surface. The bactericidal properties of the cicada wings were investigated by assessing the viability of autofluorescent Pseudomonas fluorescens cells following static adhesion assays and targeted dead/live fluorescence staining through direct microscopic counting methods. These experiments revealed a 20-25% bacterial surface coverage on all tested wing species; however, significant bactericidal properties were observed in the M. intermedia and C. aguila species as revealed by the high dead:live cell ratio on their surfaces. The combined results suggest a strong correlation between the bactericidal properties of the wings and the scale of the nanotopography present on the different wing surfaces.
The Cochleovestibular System/Ototoxicity/Clinical Issues (1999)

It is recommended that the experiences of basic science with ototoxicity be applied to the development of specific clinical strategies for the treatment of the cochleovestibular complaints of hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and ear blockage. The treatment goals are to maintain/improve function, namely, hearing and balance, as well as to control aberrant auditory and vestibular phenomena, for example, tinnitus and vertigo originating within the peripheral and/or central cochleovestibular system. It is hypothesized that a "common" neurochemical basis for "toxicity" exists, whatever the primary toxic etiology. It is also recommended that the neurochemical mechanisms of neuroprotection and apoptosis be considered for investigations of ototoxicity. Furthermore, it is suggested that ototoxicities are reflected in clinical manifestations of sensory cochleovestibular complaints of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, and affect complaints of stress, pain, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Testosterone therapy in women: Myths and misconceptions (2013)

Although testosterone therapy is being increasingly prescribed for men, there remain many questions and concerns about testosterone (T) and in particular, T therapy in women. A literature search was performed to elucidate the origin of, and scientific basis behind many of the concerns and assumptions about T and T therapy in women. This paper refutes 10 common myths and misconceptions, and provides evidence to support what is physiologically plausible and scientifically evident: T is the most abundant biologically active female hormone, T is essential for physical and mental health in women, T is not masculinizing, T does not cause hoarseness, T increases scalp hair growth, T is cardiac protective, parenteral T does not adversely affect the liver or increase clotting factors, T is mood stabilizing and does not increase aggression, T is breast protective, and the safety of T therapy in women is under research and being established. Abandoning myths, misconceptions and unfounded concerns about T and T therapy in women will enable physicians to provide evidenced based recommendations and appropriate therapy.
Molecular dynamics and multiscale homogenization analysis of seepage/diffusion problem in bentonite clay (2002)

Abstract A scheme combining a molecular behaviour and macro‐continuum phenomenon is presented for bentonite clay, which is a key component of a barrier system for disposal and containment of hazardous wastes. On designing a disposal facility we use a macro‐phenomenological model. However the existing model is not sufficiently effective. Bentonite is a microinhomogeneous material. Properties of the saturated bentonite are characterized by montmorillonite and water, called montmorillonite hydrate. Since the crystalline structure of montmorillonite determines the fundamental properties of the montmorillonite hydrate, we analyse its molecular behaviour by applying a molecular dynamics simulation to enquire into the physicochemical properties of the montmorillonite hydrate such as diffusivity of chemical species. For extending the microscopic characteristics of constituent materials to a macroscopic diffusion behaviour of the microinhomogeneous material we apply a multiscale homogenization analysis, especially in order to treat micro‐level of adsorption behaviour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbamazepine blocks NMDA-activated currents in cultured spinal cord neurons (1990)

The antiepileptic agents, carbamazepine and phenytoin, suppress seizures in man and convulsant-induced hyperactivity in spinal cord nerve cell cultures. In the present study, we have shown by whole cell recording that carbamazepine, in contrast to phenytoin, blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated membrane currents in cultured neurons in a dose-dependent fashion. The NMDA receptor-activated channel, which is blocked at physiological concentrations of Mg2+ at resting membrane potential, can be activated by glutamate in depolarized neurons and thus be involved in epileptogenesis. Therefore, the block of NMDA-evoked membrane currents in cultured neurons may contribute to the clinical effectiveness of carbamazepine.
Evolving Dynamical Neural Networks for Adaptive Behavior (1992)

We would like the behavior of the artificial agents that we construct to be as well-adapted to their environments as natural animals are to theirs. Unfortunately, designing controllers with these properties is a very difficult task. In this article, we demonstrate that continuous-time recurrent neural networks are a viable mechanism for adaptive agent control and that the genetic algorithm can be used to evolve effective neural controllers. A significant advantage of this approach is that one need specify only a measure of an agent's overall performance rather than the precise motor output trajectories by which it is achieved. By manipulating the performance evaluation, one can place selective pressure on the development of controllers with desired properties. Several novel controllers have been evolved, including a chemotaxis controller that switches between different strategies depending on environmental conditions, and a locomotion controller that takes advantage of sensory feedback if available but that can operate in its absence if necessary.
Use of polar picolyl protecting groups in peptide synthesis (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of polar picolyl protecting groups in peptide synthesisJosep Rizo, Fernando Albericio, Guillermo Romero, Carlos Garcia-Echeverria, Josep Claret, Carlos Muller, Ernest Giralt, and Enrique PedrosoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22, 5386–5389Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00257a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00257a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Cyclohexaamylose-Potassium Acetate Complex<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Cyclohexaamylose-Potassium Acetate Complex1Albert Hybl, Robert E. Rundle, and Donald E. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 13, 2779–2788Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01091a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01091a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radial dispersion from commercial high-performance liquid chromatography columns investigated with microvoltammetric electrodes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadial dispersion from commercial high-performance liquid chromatography columns investigated with microvoltammetric electrodesJohn E. Baur, Eric W. Kristensen, and R. Mark. WightmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 21, 2334–2338Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00172a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00172a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Moving boundaries and travelling domains during switching of VO<sub>2</sub>single crystals (1975)

Coexisting metallic and semiconducting phases have been obtained by passing DC currents through VO2 single crystals. The mixed state was studied by optical microscopy. Narrow semiconducting strips that nucleate at the positive edge of a metallic domain and propagate towards its negative edge have been observed under constant currents.
Resolution in Diffraction-limited Imaging, a Singular Value Analysis (1984)

Previous work in this series, in which the theory of singular systems has been used to discuss the problem of diffraction-limited imaging, is generalized to allow the reconstruction of an object over a region with ‘soft’ edges. The generalization is introduced to deal with gaussian-beam or other illumination or uncertain a priori knowledge of position. The solutions are developed in a weighted L2 space. Examples of singular functions and vectors with both gaussian and sine illumination are given. The analysis is applied to determine the amplitude response functions of the scanning optical or acoustic microscope systems proposed by Bertero and Pike in the first paper of the series and it is found that the performance of a scanning microscope of the new type should approach exactly that of a conventional coherent microscope of twice the resolving power. © 1984 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Solid state annealing of ion implanted silicon by incoherent light pulses and multiscan electron beam (1982)

Abstract High fluence energy pulses in the nanosecond-microsecond time range involving the melting of a surface layer have been demonstrated as a very successful tool in annealing ion-implanted semiconductors. As an alternative method, longer annealing time in the 50 microsecond to 100 millisecond range can be used by supplying the necessary energy by a series of multiple scans of an electron beam or incoherent light flash. In, this case the annealing can take place via solid phase epitaxial regrowth of the damaged layer. Apparatus description, surface temperature measurements and experimental results obtained with such annealing methods are presented on ion-implanted silicon samples, showing the possibility of regrowing high quality implanted layers over large area specimens, without affecting carrier mobility, diffusion length and transport parameters and giving rise to good efficiency solar cells.
Digital Image Forgery Detection using Artificial Neural Network and Auto Regressive Coefficients (2006)

Digitally forged photographs are so real that they do not leave any evidence of having been tampered with and can be indistinguishable from authentic photographs. Digitally processed image forgery makes the digital image data highly correlated. In this paper, we exploit this property by using auto regressive (AR) coefficients as the feature vector for identifying the location of digital forgery in a sample image. 300 feature vectors from different images are used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) and the ANN is tested with another 300 feature vectors. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, manipulated images were used to train the ANN. In experiment 2 a database of forged images was used. Percentage of hit in identifying the digital forgery is 77.67%. in experiment 1 and 94.83% in experiment 2. The percentage of miss and the false alarm for the same is given as 22.33% and 32.33% in experiment 1 while it is 4.33% and 0% in experiment 2 respectively
Synthesis of L-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)glycine (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of L-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)glycineMark T. Edgar, George R. Pettit, and Timothy S. KrupaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 3, 396–400Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01317a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (739 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light polarization control during free-space propagation using coherence (2011)

We report an experimental demonstration of light polarization degree control during free propagation via manipulation of the coherent properties of the source. These experimental results corroborate the theory that polarization and coherence are both related to the same statistical properties of the electromagnetic field.
Mueller matrix approach for determination of optical rotation in chiral turbid media in backscattering geometry (2006)

For in vivo determination of optically active (chiral) substances in turbid media, like for example glucose in human tissue, the backscattering geometry is particularly convenient. However, recent polarimetric measurements performed in the backscattering geometry have shown that, in this geometry, the relatively small rotation of the polarization vector arising due to the optical activity of the medium is totally swamped by the much larger changes in the orientation angle of the polarization vector due to scattering. We show that the change in the orientation angle of the polarization vector arises due to the combined effect of linear diattenuation and linear retardance of light scattered at large angles and can be decoupled from the pure optical rotation component using polar decomposition of Mueller matrix. For this purpose, the method developed earlier for polar decomposition of Mueller matrix was extended to incorporate optical rotation in the medium. The validity of this approach for accurate determination of the degree of optical rotation using the Mueller matrix measured from the medium in both forward and backscattering geometry was tested by conducting studies on chiral turbid samples prepared using known concentration of scatterers and glucose molecules.
Indirect Coupling Method of Chip Impedance Matched Dipole Antenna for UHF RFID Tag (2012)

Radio Frequency Identification is the wireless technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify items within certain proximity. This process involves tagging items with a transmitter which will send bursts of information. Passive RFID tag consists of a microchip connected with an antenna. The passive tag uses the electromagnetic pulse from readers as a power source to transmit its identifier. So proper impedance matching between the antenna and the chip is very important in passive RFID tag design. The RFID system performance characteristics and the range of a tag depend on the impedance matching. A load impedance of RFID microchip is a nonlinear whose complex part varies with the frequency and the input power This paper presents simulated results of a UHF RFID dipole antenna and inductively coupled with a small rectangular loop. Such a design provides controlled values of inductive reactance that is required for obtaining good impedance match of the antenna to microchip. The proposed dipole antenna is simple and robust in design, which enables low-cost while realization.
lest we forget (2002)

As war veterans prepare for Remembrance Day, Deidre Wild considers whether health professionals working with older people acknowledge the enduring impact of wartime experiences
Expression and characterization of human lactoferrin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExpression and characterization of human lactoferrin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaeQianwa. Liang and Tom. RichardsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 10, 1800–1807Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00034a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00034a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts