gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of Dextromethorphanin vitro: Involvement of Cytochromes P450 2D6 AND 3A3/4, with a Possible Role of 2E1 (1997)

Dextromethorphan (DMO), a cough suppressing synthetic analog of codeine, undergoes parallel O-demethylation to dextrorphan (DOP), and N-demethylation to 3-methoxymorphinan (MEM), in humans. 3-hydroxymorphinan, a didemethylated metabolite, is formed secondarily. O-demethylation activity is well established as an index reaction for CYP2D6. However, this pathway appears to be mediated by at least two different enzymes in vitro. N-demethylation activity has recently been proposed to reflect CYP3A3/4 activity. We investigated both pathways in vitro with microsomal preparations from three human livers to assess the value of DMO as a probe drug for CYP2D6 and CYP3A3/4, DMO O-demethylation displayed a biphasic pattern with a high-affinity site reflecting CYP2D6 activity (mean Ki for quinidine, 0.1 +/- 0.13 microM). Kinetic parameters for the two O-demethylation mediating enzymes predict an average relative intrinsic clearance (Vmax/K(m) ratio) of 96% of total O-demethylation mediated via the high-affinity enzyme. Thus, in vitro data confirms the usefulness of DMO O-demethylation as an index reaction to monitor CYP2D6 activity. The Eadie-Hofstee plot of DMO N-demethylation was consistent with single-enzyme Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax varying from 3.3 to 6.8 nmol mg-1 min-1, K(m) from 231 to 322 microM). However, ketoconazole, a CYP3A3/4 inhibitor, reduced N-demethylation only by 60% and had a mean Ki an order of magnitude higher (0.37 microM) compared to other pure CYP3A3/4 mediated reactions. Troleandomycin, a mechanism based CYP3A3/4 inhibitor, inhibited MEM formation by an average maximum of 46%, with an IC50 varying from 1 to 2.6 microM. A polyclonal rat liver CYP3A1 antibody inhibited MEM formation only by approximately 50%. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a mechanism based CYP2E1 inhibitor, reduced MEM formation at concentrations up to 150 microM between 33 and 43%. Chemical inhibitors of CYP2d6 (quinidine), CYP1A1/2 (alpha-naphthoflavone), and CYP2C9 (sulfaphenazole), as well as a goat rat liver CYP2C11 polyclonal antibody (inhibitory against human CYP2C9 and CYP2C19), had minimal effect on MEM formation rate, thus excluding an involvement of any of these enzymes. DMO N-demethylation is only partly mediated by CYP3A3/4, and therefore is not a reliable index reaction for CYP3A3/4 activity either in vitro or probably in vivo.
Building Your Own Infrastructure Based 802.11 Fingerprinting Service (2014)

Indoor positioning is a basic requirement of Intelligent Environments. It is a building block for providing context-aware computing. Infrastructure based WiFi fingerprinting positioning technology (IBWFP) is one way of satisfying such requirement. In IBWFP, the basic landmarks for positioning are fixed 802.11 access points with a well known location. And it is infrastructure based because it refers to the fact that access points devote some computing capacity to collect 802.11 packets from other 802.11 mobile devices. Such information enables positioning a 802.11 mobile device indoors. This paper is a proposal for an inexpensive IBWFP. Its main contributions are a detailed accounting on how to build the physical system (business logic within the routers, configuration of the network in terms of number and location) and how to deploy and maintain the service on top of the physical system (i.e. Site survey, location engine creation, validation and management) with enough accuracy to exploit it. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to give a guideline to build your own inexpensive IBWFP technology covering all these practical aspects. Our intent is to push forward this technology by sharing our experience using it.
Impact of Ionic Liquid-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (2012)

The impact of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], and the ionic liquid-modified MWCNTs (IL-MWCNTs) on the crystallization behavior of melt-crystallized poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been investigated. Pristine MWCNTs accelerate crystallization of PVDF as an efficient nucleation agent, while the formed crystals are mainly nonpolar α crystal form with few polar β crystals. Incorporation of only ionic liquid results in depression of the PVDF melt crystallization rate due to the miscibility of IL with PVDF but leads to a higher content of polar crystals (β and γ forms) than MWCNTs. The ionic liquid and MWCNTs show significant synergetic effects on both the nucleation and the formation of polar crystals for PVDF by melt crystallization. Addition of IL-MWCNTs not only improves the MWCNTs dispersion in PVDF matrix but also increases the overall crystallization rate of PVDF drastically. More important, the melt-crystallized PVDF nanocomposites with IL-MWCNTs show 100% polar polymorphs but no α crystal forms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the achievements of full polar crystal form in the melt-crystallized PVDF without mechanical deformation or electric field. The IL to MWCNTs ratio and the IL-MWCNTs loading content effects on the crystallization behavior of PVDF in the nanocomposites were also studied. It is considered that the specific interactions between >CF2 with the planar cationic imidazolium ring wrapped on the MWCNTs surface lead to the full zigzag conformations of PVDF; thus, nucleation in polar crystals (β and γ forms) lattice is achieved and full polar crystals are obtained by subsequent crystal growth from the nuclei.
FBP and BPF reconstruction methods for circular X-ray tomography with off-center detector (2011)

The BPF-type reconstructions with Katsevich differentiation are widely independent of the size of the detector overlap and give the best results with respect to RMSD and visual inspection for minimal detector overlap. The increased homogeneity will improve correct assessment of lesions in the entire field of view.
A mixed reality system with visual and tangible interaction capability: application to evaluating automobile interior design (2003)

This paper presents a mixed reality (MR) system with tangible interface as well as visual fusion in an MR space. The sense of touch is given by physical objects on which computer generated imagery is accurately registered and superimposed. The proposed approach is especially useful in industrial design where digital mockups and physical mockups are thoroughly utilized.
Enriched gonadal migration of donor‐derived gonadal primordial germ cells by immunomagnetic cell sorting in birds (2004)

This study was conducted to evaluate whether immunomagnetic treatment could improve the retrieval and migration capacity of avian gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) collected from gonads in 5.5-day-old chick and 5-day-old quail embryos, respectively. Collected gPGCs were loaded into a magnetic-activated cell sorter (MACS) after being conjugated with specific gPGC antibodies and either MACS-treated or non-treated cells in each species were subsequently transferred to the recipient embryos. MACS treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the population ratio of gPGCs in gonadal cells retrieved (0.74 to 33.4% in the chicken and 2.68 to 45.1% in the quail). This was due to decreased number of non-gPGCs in total cell population. MACS treatment further enhanced gonadal migration of gPGCs transferred in both species (10% vs. 80-85% in the chicken and 10-15% vs. 70-80% in the quail). Increase in the number of microinjected cells up to 600 cells/embryo did not eliminate such promoting effect. In conclusion, MACS treatment greatly increased the population ratio of avian gPGCs in gonadal cells, resulting improved gonadal migration in recipient embryos.
Computer-aided classification of Alzheimer's disease based on support vector machine with combination of cerebral image features in MRI (2016)

Several studies have differentiated Alzheimer's disease (AD) using cerebral image features derived from MR brain images. In this study, we were interested in combining hippocampus and amygdala volumes and entorhinal cortex thickness to improve the performance of AD differentiation. Thus, our objective was to investigate the useful features obtained from MRI for classification of AD patients using support vector machine (SVM). T1-weighted MR brain images of 100 AD patients and 100 normal subjects were processed using FreeSurfer software to measure hippocampus and amygdala volumes and entorhinal cortex thicknesses in both brain hemispheres. Relative volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were calculated to correct variation in individual head size. SVM was employed with five combinations of features (H: hippocampus relative volumes, A: amygdala relative volumes, E: entorhinal cortex thicknesses, HA: hippocampus and amygdala relative volumes and ALL: all features). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the method. AUC values of five combinations were 0.8575 (H), 0.8374 (A), 0.8422 (E), 0.8631 (HA) and 0.8906 (ALL). Although "ALL" provided the highest AUC, there were no statistically significant differences among them except for "A" feature. Our results showed that all suggested features may be feasible for computer-aided classification of AD patients.
A flavin-dependent halogenase catalyzes the chlorination step in the biosynthesis of <i>Dictyostelium</i> differentiation-inducing factor 1 (2010)

Differentiation-inducing factor 1 (DIF-1) is a polyketide-derived morphogen which drives stalk cell formation in the developmental cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum. Previous experiments demonstrated that the biosynthetic pathway proceeds via dichlorination of the precursor molecule THPH, but the enzyme responsible for this transformation has eluded characterization. Our recent studies on prokaryotic flavin-dependent halogenases and insights from the sequenced Dd genome led us to a candidate gene for this transformation. In this work, we present in vivo and in vitro evidence that chlA from Dd encodes a flavin-dependent halogenase capable of catalyzing both chlorinations in the biosynthesis of DIF-1. The results provide in vitro characterization of a eukaryotic oxygen-dependent halogenase and demonstrate a broad reach in biology for this molecular tailoring strategy, notably its involvement in the differentiation program of a social amoeba.
Distributed performance monitoring: methods, tools, and applications (1994)

A method for analyzing the functional behavior and the performance of programs in distributed systems is presented. We use hybrid monitoring, a technique which combines advantages of both software monitoring and hardware monitoring. The paper contains a description of a hardware monitor and a software package (ZM4/SIMPLE) which make our concepts available to programmers, assisting them in debugging and tuning of their code. A short survey of related monitor systems highlights the distinguishing features of our implementation. As an application of our monitoring and evaluation system, the analysis of a parallel ray tracing program running on the SUPRENUM multiprocessor is described. It is shown that monitoring and modeling both rely on a common abstraction of a system's dynamic behavior and therefore can be integrated to one comprehensive methodology. This methodology is supported by a set of tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heterogeneous Graphene Nanostructures: ZnO Nanostructures Grown on Large‐Area Graphene Layers (2010)

In this work, the synthesis and characterization of three-dimensional hetergeneous graphene nanostructures (HGN) comprising continuous large-area graphene layers and ZnO nanostructures, fabricated via chemical vapor deposition, are reported. Characterization of large-area HGN demonstrates that it consists of 1-5 layers of graphene, and exhibits high optical transmittance and enhanced electrical conductivity. Electron microscopy investigation of the three-dimensional heterostructures shows that the morphology of ZnO nanostructures is highly dependent on the growth temperature. It is observed that ordered crystalline ZnO nanostructures are preferably grown along the <0001> direction. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates that the CVD-grown HGN layers has excellent optical properties. A combination of electrical and optical properties of graphene and ZnO building blocks in ZnO-based HGN provides unique characteristics for opportunities in future optoelectronic devices.
Comparative Studies on Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Luminol on Gold Nanoparticle Modified Electrodes (2006)

Comparative studies on the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of luminol on various electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles of different size were carried out in neutral solution by conventional cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results demonstrated that the gold nanoparticle modified electrodes could generate strong luminol ECL in neutral pH conditions. The catalytic performance of gold nanoparticle modified electrodes on luminol ECL depended not only on the gold nanoparticles but also on the substrate. Gold electrode and glassy carbon electrode were the most suitable substrates for the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles. Moreover, the gold nanoparticle modified gold and glassy carbon electrode had satisfying stability and reproducibility and did not need tedious pretreatment of electrode surface before each measurement. It was also found that luminol ECL behavior depended on the size of gold nanoparticles. The most intense ECL signals were obtained on a 16-nm-diameter gold nanoparticle modified electrode. The modified electrode prepared by the self-assembly method exhibited much better catalytic effect on luminol ECL than that prepared by the electrically deposited method. The ECL behavior of luminol on a gold nanoparticle self-assembled gold electrode was also investigated by other transient-state electrochemical techniques, such as chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry, normal pulse voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry. The strongest ECL intensity was obtained under square wave voltammetric condition.
Analysis of rapid multi-focal-zone ARFI imaging (2015)

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging has shown promise for visualizing structure and pathology within multiple organs; however, because the contrast depends on the push beam excitation width, image quality suffers outside of the region of excitation. Multi-focal-zone ARFI imaging has previously been used to extend the region of excitation (ROE), but the increased acquisition duration and acoustic exposure have limited its utility. Supersonic shear wave imaging has previously demonstrated that through technological improvements in ultrasound scanners and power supplies, it is possible to rapidly push at multiple locations before tracking displacements, facilitating extended depth of field shear wave sources. Similarly, ARFI imaging can utilize these same radiation force excitations to achieve tight pushing beams with a large depth of field. Finite element method simulations and experimental data are presented, demonstrating that single- and rapid multi-focal-zone ARFI have comparable image quality (less than 20% loss in contrast), but the multi-focal-zone approach has an extended axial region of excitation. Additionally, as compared with single-push sequences, the rapid multi-focalzone acquisitions improve the contrast-to-noise ratio by up to 40% in an example 4-mm-diameter lesion.
Technical note: Characterizing individual milk fat globules with holographic video microscopy (2008)

We used in-line holography to create images of individual milk fat globules in diluted samples of milk. Analyzing these images with the exact Lorenz-Mie light scattering theory then yields the droplets' radii with nanometer resolution and their refractive indexes to within one part in a thousand. This procedure rapidly and directly characterizes both the quantity and quality of fat in milk.
Development of antitumor immune responses in reconstituted lymphopenic hosts. (2002)

When naïve T cells reconstitute lymphopenic hosts, they transiently proliferate and differentiate into memory-like T cells. Here we report that tumor-specific T cells preferentially expand in tumor vaccine-draining lymph nodes after a melanoma vaccine given to RAG1 mice reconstituted with naïve T cells from normal mice. The percentage of tumor-specific Tc1 T cells detected by intracellular cytokine staining was increased approximately 4-fold in reconstituted lymphopenic hosts compared with normal hosts. Concomitantly, vaccination-induced Th1 T cells were also dramatically increased in vaccinated, reconstituted RAG1 hosts. T cells derived from reconstituted RAG1 hosts exhibited a higher level of melanoma-specific cytotoxicity in vitro. These cells were significantly more potent at mediating tumor regression in vivo after adoptive transfer into mice bearing established pulmonary metastases. Vaccination is best performed concomitantly with reconstitution; delayed vaccination resulted in T cells with less therapeutic activity.
Expression of non-adrenergic imidazoline sites in chromaffin cells and mitochondrial membranes of bovine adrenal medulla (1993)

We sought to characterize the non-adrenergic binding site for imidazolines, the imidazoline receptor in whole membranes and subcellular compartments of chromaffin cells of bovine adrenal medulla. [3H]Idazoxan exhibited saturable and high affinity (KD = 5 nM) binding to chromaffin cell membranes fully displaceable by idazoxan and cirazoline but not by epinephrine or rauwolscine. Binding sites were highly enriched in mitochondrial but not plasma membranes and absent from nuclear fractions. The rank order of potency for displacement of [3H]idazoxan from mitochondrial membranes was: cirazoline > idazoxan > naphazoline > amiloride > detomedine > clonidine >> phentolamine > cimetidine = imidazole 4-acetic acid > p-iodoclonidine = epinephrine = norepinephrine = rauwolscine. Binding was also inhibited with high affinity by the purported endogenous ligand clonidine-displacing substance and by K+ and the K(+)-channel antagonists 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium bromide but not Na+. We conclude that: (a) adrenal chromaffin cells express imidazoline receptors but not alpha 2-adrenergic receptors; (b) these sites are predominantly localized to adrenal medullary mitochondria; and (c) imidazoline receptors conform to an idazoxan preferring (I-2) rather than the clonidine preferring (I-1) subclass and are amiloride sensitive. The data support the view that alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors are distinct receptor species and that adrenal chromaffin cells would be a useful cultured cell system, expressing only imidazoline receptors, for further molecular and functional studies of the receptors.
InP-based optical waveguide MEMS switches with evanescent coupling mechanism (2005)

An optical waveguide MEMS switch fabricated on an indium phosphide (InP) substrate for operation at 1550 nm wavelength is presented. Compared to other MEMS optical switches, which typically use relatively large mirrors or long end-coupled waveguides, our device uses a parallel switching mechanism. The device utilizes evanescent coupling between two closely-spaced waveguides fabricated side by side. Coupling is controlled by changing the gap and the coupling length between the two waveguides via electrostatic pull-in. This enables both optical switching and variable optical coupling at voltages below 10 V. Channel isolation as high as -47 dB and coupling efficiencies of up to 66% were obtained with switching losses of less than 0.5 dB. We also demonstrate voltage-controlled variable optical coupling over a 17.4 dB dynamic range. The devices are compact with 2 /spl mu/m/spl times/2 /spl mu/m core cross section and active area as small as 500 /spl mu/m/spl times/5 /spl mu/m. Due to the small travel range of the waveguides, fast operation is obtained with switching times as short as 4 /spl mu/s. Future devices can be scaled down to less than 1 /spl mu/m/spl times/1 /spl mu/m waveguide cross-sectional area and device length less than 100 /spl mu/m without significant change in device design.
Characteristics of 34 Adults With Psychogenic Excoriation (1998)

Psychogenic excoriation is chronic, involves multiple sites, and is associated with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. The behavior associated with the excoriation is heterogeneous and spans a compulsive-impulsive spectrum. Most subjects in this sample described features of an impulse control disorder.
Analyses of frequency of infection, specific infectivity, and prion protein biosynthesis in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cell clones (1988)

Scrapie, a spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats, is caused by a poorly understood transmissible agent in which no nucleic acid has been conclusively identified. Biochemical characterization of agent derived from animal tissues has not been precise because of the tenacious association of the agent with tissue components. As an approach toward obtaining homogeneous preparations of agent generated in vitro, we cloned scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells. By frequency analysis, nearly every cell in expanded cultures contained scrapie agent. We also analyzed cell-dose infectivity relationships and developed a standard curve which allowed various cultures to be compared. Since a proteinase K (PK)-resistant form of a protein designated prion protein (PrP) has been found in partially purified preparations of scrapie agent from infected animal spleens and brains, we sought to identify this protein in cell cultures. No PK-resistant PrP was found in infected or uninfected cultures, although the PK-sensitive PrP was readily detected. These results suggested that PK-resistant PrP may not be an essential component of the infectious scrapie agent.
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment Augments Insulin Sensitivity and PKC-ε and PKC-θ Activation in Skeletal Muscles in Sucrose Fed Rats (2010)

It has been suggested that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) ameliorate insulin resistance in muscle tissue by suppressing muscle lipid storage and the activity of novel protein kinase C (nPKC) isoforms. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed long-term metabolic effects of pioglitazone and the activation of nPKC-epsilon and -theta isoforms in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (a congenic SHR strain with wild type Cd36 gene) fed a diet with 60 % sucrose from the age of 4 to 8 months. Compared to untreated controls, pioglitazone treatment was associated with significantly increased basal (809+/-36 vs 527+/-47 nmol glucose/g/2h, P<0.005) and insulin-stimulated glycogenesis (1321+/-62 vs 749+/-60 nmol glucose/g/2h, P<0.0001) in isolated gastrocnemius muscles despite increased concentrations of muscle triglycerides (3.83+/-0.33 vs 2.25+/-0.12 micromol/g, P<0.005). Pioglitazone-treated rats exhibited significantly increased membrane/total (cytosolic plus membrane) ratio of both PKC-epsilon and PKC-theta isoforms compared to untreated controls. These results suggest that amelioration of insulin resistance after long-term pioglitazone treatment is associated with increased activation of PKC-epsilon and -theta isoforms in spite of increased lipid concentration in skeletal muscles.