gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based life estimation of Li-ion batteries in PHEVs using large scale vehicle simulations: An introductory study (2010)

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are a promising mid-term solution to reduce the energy demand in the personal transportation sector, due to their ability of storing energy in the battery through direct connection to the electrical grid. However, an important aspect to a successful market acceptability for these vehicles is related to the reliability of the energy storage system. In this scenario, various studies have attempted at investigating the effects of current/power demand, calendar life and operating temperature on battery life, as well as estimating the residual life of the battery under various operating conditions. This paper illustrates the preliminary results of a comprehensive study on Li-ion battery life estimation for PHEVs, predicting their residual life under real-world driving conditions. The methodology adopted is based on both deterministic and stochastic simulations to investigate the effects of electrical and thermal loading on the battery life. To this end, an electro thermal battery model, inclusive of thermal dynamics and residual life estimation, is developed and utilized in conjunction with a vehicle model, a supervisory controller for PHEV energy management and real-world driving scenarios. Within this framework, the proposed study addresses the impact of the PHEV control parameters on the battery life, namely the vehicle operating modes (charge depleting or charge sustaining), and constraints on the State of Charge (SoC).
Soft switching self-oscillating FET-based DC-DC converters (2003)

The authors introduce a family of topologies utilizing both zero voltage switching and self-oscillation. The Royer oscillator is modified to use MOSFETs as power switches. Thus insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) can also be used as power switches, enhancing the power capability for higher voltage and current ratings. A further advantage obtained by the use of FET-input switches, compared to the bipolar-transistor-based Royer and Jensen oscillators, is that stable operation can be obtained without the saturation of any core material. This enables very high efficiency of the power converter as well as a very high oscillation frequency. Typical applications of the family of topologies considered include DC-DC converters, high-frequency inverters, and high-frequency link converters. In high-power (>1 kW) applications, the use of IGBTs in the nonlinear resonant pole soft switching self-oscillating inverter will be advantageous to the efficiency, due to the reduced onstate voltage of a minority carrier device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A genome-wide association study identifies an association of a common variant in <i>TERT</i> with susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2008)

In order to identify a gene(s) susceptible to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study by genotyping 159 patients with IPF and 934 controls for 214 508 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We further evaluated selected SNPs in a replication sample set (83 cases and 535 controls) and found a significant association of an SNP in intron 2 of the TERT gene (rs2736100), which encodes a reverse transcriptase that is a component of a telomerase, with IPF; a combination of two data sets revealed a p value of 2.9 x 10(-8) (GWA, 2.8 x 10(-6); replication, 3.6 x 10(-3)). Considering previous reports indicating that rare mutations of TERT are found in patients with familial IPF, we suggest that the common genetic variation within TERT may contribute to the risk of sporadic IFP in the Japanese population.
Hydrogen transfer polymerization of acrylamide derivatives by sodium naphthalene. (1987)

ナトリウム-ナフタレン (Na-Naph) を触媒として, クロトンアミド (CAm) とチグリンアミド (TAm) の水素移動重合を各種条件のもとで検討した. その結果, CAmの場合はピリジン, キシレン, クロルベンゼンなどの溶媒が, また, TAmの場合はキシレン, トルエンなどの非極性溶媒が有効であり, なおかつ, 得られたポリマーは両者とも主としてポリ-β-アミノ酸であった. そして両モノマーとも開始反応はアミド基の水素引き抜きであるが, 生長反応は, CAmのピリジン中の場合は逐次付加的な生長反応であり, CAmのキシレン中, ならびに, TAmのキシレン, あるいはピリジン中の場合は連鎖的生長反応であると推察される. また, アクリルアミド (AAm), メタクリルアミド (MAAm), CAm, TAmの同一条件下での水素移動重合速度を比較すると, AAm>CAm>MAAm>TAmの順となった. 更には, N-置換アクリルアミド, 及びその誘導体についても若干検討した.
Expression of cell surface markers after human B lymphocyte activation. (1981)

The fate of two recently described human B lymphocyte-specific antigens (B1 and B2) was studied after B-cell activation in vivo and in vitro. Whereas both B1 and B2 were present on virtually all B cells from normal lymph nodes, B2 was absent from approximately 50% of B cells from hyperplastic lymph nodes. When B cells from spleen, tonsil, or peripheral blood were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen, activated cells were found to lose B2 (days 4-5) and subsequently B1 (days 6-7). Temporally, B2 loss was accompanied by loss of surface IgD, expression of T10, and the development of intracytoplasmic IgM; B1 loss was correlated with the acquisition of surface IgG and the appearance of intracytoplasmic IgG. Peripheral blood B cells, on which B2 is normally only weakly expressed (B1++++B2+) in contrast to B cells from secondary lymphoid organs (B1++++B2++), exhibited a transitory increase in B2 expression to the B1++++B2++ phenotype prior to B2 disappearance during activation. Taken together with other findings, this observation suggests that peripheral blood may contain a relatively immature subpopulation of B cells.
Density of Additively-Manufactured, 316L SS Parts Using Laser Powder-Bed Fusion at Powers Up to 400W (2013)

Selective laser melting is a powder-based, additive-manufacturing process where a threedimensional part is produced, layer by layer, by using a high-energy laser beam to fuse the metallic powder particles. A particular challenge in this process is the selection of appropriate process parameters that result in parts with desired properties. In this study, we describe an approach to selecting parameters for high density (>99%) parts using 316L stainless steel. Though there has been significant success in achieving near-full density for 316L parts, this work has been limited to laser powers <225W. We discuss how we can exploit prior knowledge, design of computational experiments using a simple model of laser melting, and single-track experiments to determine the process parameters for use at laser powers up to 400W. Our results show that, at higher power values, there is a large range of scan speeds over which the relative density remains >99%, with the density reducing rapidly at high speeds due to insufficient melting, and less rapidly at low speeds due to the effect of voids created as the process enters keyhole mode.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal female pelvis. (1992)

MR imaging has emerged as an important modality in the evaluation of the female pelvis as a result of the detailed demonstration of normal anatomy. Tissue planes within the uterus, cervix, vagina, and ovaries are clearly delineated, thus enabling a better understanding of normal anatomy and, therefore, pathology.
OPTIMIZATION OF SORTING SYSTEMS IN DESTINATION DISTRIBUTION CENTERS OF BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER COURIER COMPANIES (2014)

We analyzed the workflow of sorting systems in destination distribution centers of current courier companies and identified problems. Subsequently, two points of view were put forth regarding the optimization of sorting systems: the first is to apply radio frequency identification technology (RFID) to sorting systems and vertically optimize the sorting process inside the courier companies; the second is to implement a sharing mechanism for sorting systems to integrate sorting systems of courier companies horizontally. Further, data regarding manual sorting systems and automated assembly line sorting systems were compared through simulation. The results show that when actual daily processing capacity is higher than the processing capacity at the inflection point, automatic assembly line sorting systems are more economical and efficient than manual sorting systems. To cite this document: Hui Gao, Xuping Wang, Xiukun Chai, and Hongtao Liu, "Optimization of sorting systems in destination distribution centers of business-to-consumer courier companies", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.5, No.2, pp.143-160, 2014. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1153
Methods for Automatically Modeling and Representing As-built Building Information Models (2011)

Laser scanners are increasingly being used to create information rich 3D models of the or as- is conditions of buildings, infrastructure, and other facilities. These as-built Building Information Models (BIMs) are created through a time-consuming and error-prone manual process, which is one key barrier to widespread use of BIMs in industry. This paper outlines our research group's progress in developing methods to automate the process of creating BIMs and in creating suitable methods to represent and visualize the information that is unique to BIMs.
Wavelength reuse in a WDM unidirectional ring network by using a fiber-grating add/drop multiplexer (1995)

This work is focused on unidirectional ring topology for upgrading the SDH networks.1-3 The ring consists of a central node (CN) connecting N secondary nodes (SNs) by links using dedicated wavelengths λ1 (i = 1,…, N) over one common fiber. Instead of using electronic ADM, the WDM ring uses optical-wavelength ADM (OW-ADM). Depending on the components used to perform the OW-ADM function, two structures are considered. In the first structure, the incoming wavelength selection is made by a 2:2 coupler and tunable filter.4 A new wavelength is added at each node.
Increased activity of TNAP compensates for reduced adenosine production and promotes ectopic calcification in the genetic disease ACDC (2016)

ACDC (arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from loss-of-function mutations in NT5E, which encodes CD73, a 5'-ectonucleotidase that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. ACDC patients display progressive calcification of lower extremity arteries, causing limb ischemia. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which converts pyrophosphate (PPi) to inorganic phosphate (Pi), and extracellular purine metabolism play important roles in other inherited forms of vascular calcification. Compared to cells from healthy subjects, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) from ACDC patients displayed accelerated calcification and increased TNAP activity when cultured under conditions that promote osteogenesis. TNAP activity generated adenosine in iMSCs derived from ACDC patients but not in iMSCs from control subjects, which have CD73. In response to osteogenic stimulation, ACDC patient-derived iMSCs had decreased amounts of the TNAP substrate PPi, an inhibitor of extracellular matrix calcification, and exhibited increased activation of AKT, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), a pathway that promotes calcification. In vivo, teratomas derived from ACDC patient cells showed extensive calcification and increased TNAP activity. Treating mice bearing these teratomas with an A2b adenosine receptor agonist, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, or the bisphosphonate etidronate reduced calcification. These results show that an increase of TNAP activity in ACDC contributes to ectopic calcification by disrupting the extracellular balance of PPi and Pi and identify potential therapeutic targets for ACDC.
The Effect of Thermal Pretreatment and Retention Time on the Degradation of Waste Activated in Anaerobic Digestion (1989)

余剰活性汚泥の嫌気性分解特性に及ぼす前熱処理の促進効果の解明およびTP/ADプロセスの最適化を図るために,62～175℃での熱処理実験と35±1℃での回分および連続式嫌気性消化実験を通じて,余剰汚泥の嫌気的分解に及ぼす熱処理条件と消化時間の影響を検討した。その結果,以下のことが明らかとなった。1)熱処理に伴う汚泥の可溶化,低分子化および固形有機物の熱変性によって,余剰活性汚泥の嫌気的分解率と消化ガス生成量が向上されただけでなく,消化時間も10日以下に短縮できる。2)嫌気性消化の効率化のための最適熱処理条件は温度170℃前後,時間60分程度である。この条件では消化時間5～10日におけるCOD除去率およびガス生成量はそれぞれ60%および223～235ml・g-1CODであり,対照系より倍増する。3)汚泥の各成分の分解に対する熱処理の促進効果は炭水化物>たんぱく質>脂質の順で大きい。4)滞留時間1.5～10日の汚泥消化槽におけるメタン菌数は107～108No・ml-1である。
Preparation of porous bio-char and activated carbon from rice husk by leaching ash and chemical activation (2016)

Preparation porous bio-char and activated carbon from rice husk char study has been conducted in this study. Rice husk char contains high amount silica that retards the porousness of bio-char. Porousness of rice husk char could be enhanced by removing the silica from char and applying heat at high temperature. Furthermore, the char is activated by using chemical activation under high temperature. In this study no inert media is used. The study is conducted at low oxygen environment by applying biomass for consuming oxygen inside reactor and double crucible method (one crucible inside another) is applied to prevent intrusion of oxygen into the char. The study results shows that porous carbon is prepared successfully without using any inert media. The adsorption capacity of material increased due to removal of silica and due to the activation with zinc chloride compared to using raw rice husk char. The surface area of porous carbon and activated carbon are found to be 28, 331 and 645 m(2) g(-1) for raw rice husk char, silica removed rice husk char and zinc chloride activated rice husk char, respectively. It is concluded from this study that porous bio-char and activated carbon could be prepared in normal environmental conditions instead of inert media. This study shows a method and possibility of activated carbon from agro-waste, and it could be scaled up for commercial production.
The Block to Transcription Elongation at the Minute Virus of Mice Attenuator Is Regulated by Cellular Elongation Factors (1991)

We have previously reported that both in vivo and in vitro, RNA polymerase II pauses or prematurely terminates transcription at a specific attenuation site located 142 to 147 nucleotides downstream from the P4 promoter of minute virus of mice (MVM). In this report, we show that an in vitro block to transcription elongation in HeLa whole-cell extract occurs at elevated KCl concentrations (0.2 to 1.5 M) but not at the standard KCl concentration (50 mM). Briefly initiated transcription complexes, devoid of dissociated elongation factors by passage through a Sephacryl S-1000 column at 0.3 M KCl, were allowed to elongate the briefly initiated nascent RNA, and a block to transcription elongation at the attenuation site was observed independently of the KCl concentration at the time of elongation. Moreover, the block to elongation was overcome by the addition, during elongation, to the column of purified complexes of whole-cell extract from EA cells but not from MVM-infected EA cells or HeLa cells. The general transcription factors IIF and IIX were also shown to alleviate this block to transcription elongation. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the block to elongation at the MVM attenuation site observed late in MVM infection results, at least in part, from the inactivation of the general transcription elongation factors.
Experimental and Computational Study of β-H Transfer between Cobalt(I) Alkyl Complexes and 1-Alkenes (2004)

Bis(imino)pyridine cobalt(I) alkyl complexes react with 1-alkenes by β-hydrogen transfer, providing a model reaction for the study of a commonly encountered chain transfer process in polymerization and oligomerization catalysis. The influence of steric effects on reaction rates is described. The theoretical models largely agree with the experimentally determined structures, provide a more detailed view of the species involved, and are consistent with the observed reactivities. Both experiment and theory support a stepwise pathway involving a cobalt-hydride intermediate.
Retrofitting the Williams Energy Services Ignacio Plant for higher throughput and recovery (1999)

The Ignacio Plant located near Durango, Colorado was originally designed to process 346 MMscfd of feed gas and to recover approximately 82% of the contained ethane. Based on increasing volumes of available feed gas, Williams Energy Services (WES) undertook a study to investigate alternatives for increasing plant capacity and ethane recovery. This study led to the selection of Ortloff's Recycle Split-Vapor (RSV) process for retrofitting the existing facility because it offered several very important advantages: maximum utilization of existing equipment, a 30% increase in plant feed handling capacity and an increase in average ethane recovery to 94% without adding residue compressors. This paper presents the comparative case analysis that led to the selection of the RSV design. It also describes the modifications required for the retrofit, all of which can be accomplished with minimum plant down time. The modified Ignacio Plant is scheduled for startup in March 1999.
High-speed detector for time-resolved diffraction studies (2013)

There are a growing number of high brightness synchrotron sources that require high-frame-rate detectors to provide the time-scales required for performing time-resolved diffraction experiments. We report on the development of a very high frame rate CMOS X-ray detector for time-resolved muscle diffraction and time-resolved solution scattering experiments. The detector is based on a low-afterglow scintillator, provides a megapixel resolution with frame rates of up to 120,000 frames per second, an effective pixel size of 64 µm, and can be adapted for various X-ray energies. The paper describes the detector design and initial results of time-resolved diffraction experiments on a synchrotron beamline.
Urinary polyamines in colorectal cancer (1986)

Urine polyamine content is increased in patients with colorectal malignancy and may be a useful tumor marker in the management of these patients. Urinary excretion of putrescine and spermidine was measured preoperatively and in the first week postoperatively in nine patients with inflammatory bowel disease, eight with other benign colorectal disease, and 13 with colorectal cancer. Preoperative urine putrescine levels were elevated similarly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy. Polyamine levels were increased in all three groups in the early postoperative period. Urinary polyamine excretion did not correlate with serum CEA levels, tumor volume, or stage of disease in patients with cancer. Because elevated levels of urinary polyamines are not specific for malignancy and do not correlate with other prognostic indicators, such measurements are unlikely to be useful in tumor detection and determining prognosis. Polyamine levels, however, may prove useful in monitoring response to therapy and detecting recurrences in individual patients.
DNA-dependent homodimerization, sub-cellular partitioning, and protein destabilization control WUSCHEL levels and spatial patterning (2016)

The homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) promotes stem cell maintenance in inflorescence meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana WUS, which is synthesized in the rib meristem, migrates and accumulates at lower levels in adjacent cells. Maintenance of WUS protein levels and spatial patterning distribution is not well-understood. Here, we show that the last 63-aa stretch of WUS is necessary for maintaining different levels of WUS protein in the rib meristem and adjacent cells. The 63-aa region contains the following transcriptional regulatory domains: the acidic region, the WUS-box, which is conserved in WUS-related HOMEOBOX family members, and the ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR-like) domain. Our analysis reveals that the opposing functions of WUS-box, which is required for nuclear retention, and EAR-like domain, which participates in nuclear export, are necessary to maintain higher nuclear levels of WUS in cells of the rib meristem and lower nuclear levels in adjacent cells. We also show that the N-terminal DNA binding domain, which is required for both DNA binding and homodimerization, along with the homodimerization sequence located in the central part of the protein, restricts WUS from spreading excessively and show that the homodimerization is critical for WUS function. Our analysis also reveals that a higher level of WUS outside the rib meristem leads to protein destabilization, suggesting a new tier of regulation in WUS protein regulation. Taken together our data show that processes that influence WUS protein levels and spatial distribution are highly coupled to its transcriptional activity.
Formation and Stabilization of Silver Nanoparticles through Reduction by <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylformamide (1999)

The reduction of Ag+ ions in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is shown to take place spontaneously at room temperature. When no other additives are present in the system, the slow reduction leads to silver deposition on the glass walls of the container, while in the presence of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) stable dispersions of silver nanoparticles are obtained. Even though the reduction can be performed at room temperature, higher temperatures markedly increase the reaction rate and improve the monodispersity of the colloid. The reduction rate and morphology of the colloidal particles also depend on the ratio [Ag]/[APS]. The reduction takes place both with nitrate and perchlorate as counterions, which confirms that DMF plays the role of a reducing agent. Additionally, when excess APS is used, a thin, homogeneous silica shell is formed on the silver particle surface.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐PYRENOPHORIN (1978)

Abstract Der Diester (III) aus Thiopyridon (I) und Säurechlorid (II) wird zum Ketoester (IV) grignardiert (Darstellung der Grignard‐Verbindung über 1‐Brom‐butanol‐(3) aus Methylvinylketon + HBr beschrieben), mit Äthylenglykol ketalisiert (48% Ausb.) und nach Reich et al. zu (V) dehydriert (74%).
Adsorption of Acid Extractable Oil Sands Tailings Organics onto Raw and Activated Oil Sands Coke (2012)

The accumulation of organic contaminants in process-affected (PA) water represents an environmental liability for oil sands operators. Oil sands coke is a promising adsorbent for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which includes toxic acid-extractable oil sands tailings organics (AEOSTO) found in PA water. The ability of raw and activated delayed and fluid coke to remove DOC and AEOSTO from PA water was assessed. Treatment with 5 g/L of activated delayed and fluid coke removed 91% of DOC and 92% of AEOSTO at levels of 36 mg/L and 60 mg/L, respectively. Heavy metal leaching of vanadium at 5.9 mg/L was observed for a 5 g/L application of activated delayed coke, representing a challenge to the approach. Microtox testing indicated that higher carbon doses of activated cokes were effective in reducing toxic the biological response caused by organic compounds; however, exposure to heavy metals increased the toxic effect with time. The proposed methodology should be coupled with an inorganic treatment technique for complete oil sands tailings water treatment.
Assessment of Visually Lossless Irreversible Image Compression: Comparison of Three Methods by Using an Image-Comparison Workstation (2000)

The image-comparison workstation is a versatile tool for comparative assessment of image quality. At x2 magnification, images compressed with either JPEG or WTCQ algorithms were indistinguishable from unaltered original images for most observers at compression ratios between 8:1 and 16:1, indicating that 10:1 compression is acceptable for primary image interpretation.