gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal synthesis in callus cultures of saffron: Crocus sativus L (1990)

Commercial saffron (dried stigmata of Crocus sativus L.) contains crocin and crocetin (colors), picrocrocin (bitter principle), and safranal (flavor). Cell cultures of C. sativus are expected to lead to the development of a biotechnological process for in vitro saffron production. Callus cultures were obtained from floral buds on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2 mg/liter), and kinetin (0.5 mg/liter). The cultures could be induced to produce red globular callus (RGC) and red filamentous structures (RFS) which produced crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal. The quantity of picrocrocin in both RGC and RFS was higher than that in stigmata. The safranal content of RGC was comparable to that of stigmata, whereas the crocin content in RGC and RFS was less. The biosynthetic capability of callus cultures of saffron to produce crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal for biotechnological application is established
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN THE FERMENTATION OF TRINIDAD'S CACAO BEANS (1973)

In order to isolate, identify and characterize the microflora of cacao beans before, during and after fermentation and locate possible sources contributing to microbial contamination, cacao beans from the Centeno and San Louis Estates in Trinidad were investigated. Prior to fermentation, the interior and exterior of the pods, hands of employees, utensils, dried pulp material of the sweatboxes and finally fruitflies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) were studied microbiologically. At Centeno Estate, beans were sampled at 5, 45 and 90 cm depths at 8‐hr intervals for the first 72 hr and every 12 hr thereafter for 7 days. Sampling at San Louis Estate was carried out at 24 hr intervals for the same period. The changes in microbial population of the beans sampled at Centeno Estate ranged from 1.48 × 10 5 /g at 0 hr to 4.1 × 10 5 /g at the completion of the fermentation, whereas, at San Louis Estate they ranged from 6.8 × 10 5 /g to 9.2 × 10 5 /g during the same period. Taxonomical studies of isolates obtained during the fermentation period revealed the identification of 44 microorganisms at both Estates. Yeasts Zymomonas mobilis and several species of lactic acid organisms dominated the flora during the early stages of fermentation. As the fermentation progressed, these and other isolates were taken over by several species of genus Bacillus. Microbiological examination of dried and polished beans resulted in the identification of 22 organisms at Centeno Estate and 15 organisms at San Louis Estate
In vivo polyester immobilized sortase for tagless protein purification (2015)

We have developed a new technique for easy production and purification of recombinant proteins. This technique is capable of producing and purifying high yields of proteins suitable for research application in less than 2 days. No costly or specialized protein chromatography equipment, resins, reagents or expertise are required.
Alloy inhomogeneity and carrier localization in AlGaN sections and AlGaN/AlN nanodisks in nanowires with 240–350 nm emission (2014)

We present structural and optical studies of AlGaN sections and AlGaN/AlN nanodisks (NDs) in nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The Al-Ga intermixing at Al(Ga)N/GaN interfaces and the chemical inhomogeneity in AlGaN NDs evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy are attributed to the strain relaxation process. This interpretation is supported by the three-dimensional strain distribution calculated by minimizing the elastic energy in the structure. The alloy inhomogeneity increases with the Al content, leading to enhanced carrier localization signatures in the luminescence characteristics, i.e., red shift of the emission, s-shaped temperature dependence, and linewidth broadening. Despite these effects, the emission energy of AlGaN/AlN NDs can be tuned in the 240–350 nm range with internal quantum efficiencies around 30%.
Common Application Language (CAL) and its integration into a home automation system (1991)

The authors present an implementation of CAL (Common Application Language) as an integral part of a practical home automation system. CAL is the medium through which users submit their requests to the system for translation and transmission onto the CEBus. Such a system is in the process of being designed and implemented according to all present specifications set forth by the EIA (Electronic Industries Association). Attention is given here to CAL's command syntax, supervisor and modules, and hardware and software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conditional value-at-risk: optimization algorithms and applications (2002)

This article has outlined a new approach for the simultaneous calculation of value-at-risk (VaR) and optimization of conditional VaR (CVaR) for a broad class of problems. We have shown that CVaR can be efficiently minimized using LP techniques. Our numerical experiments show that CVaR optimal portfolios are near optimal in VaR terms, i.e., VaR cannot be reduced further more than a few percent. Also, CVaR constraints can be handled efficiently using equivalent linear constraints, which dramatically improves the efficiency of the optimization techniques.
Pyrolytic carbon: factors controlling in-rubber performance (2014)

Pyrolysis of waste tyres not only tackles the environmental issues associated with disposal, but also enables the recovery of valuable products such as oils and carbon fillers for elastomeric materials. This study was instigated to benchmark the in-rubber properties of pyrolytic carbon (often referred to as pyrolysis carbon black, pCB) and to understand the compositional parameters that dictate performance. Colloidal properties suggest the pCB materials to have a reinforcing potential between that of N330 and N550 carbon blacks, whereas physical property data suggest that they are more akin to the N700 series. Fundamentally, this disparity in performance appears to be the result of carbonaceous residues on the pCB surface, which both reduce surface activity and dispersability of the recyclate. Both thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses confirmed a number of pCB samples to have the same specific surface activity, regardless of the pyrolysis process or feedstock utilised.
Applying Dataflow Analysis to Detecting Software Vulnerability (2008)

In this paper, we propose a software vulnerability checker which takes rules describing vulnerability patterns and a source program as input and detects locations and paths of the patterns in the program. Simple and flow patterns for vulnerabilities are described as rules in the specification language we designed. The lightweight control and data flow analysis is necessary to detect flow patterns. Newly discovered vulnerability patterns can easily be added to the existing rules. We implement the detector in three parts: a pattern matcher which finds locations of vulnerabilities in source program, a flow graph constructor which extracts the control flow and data flow from the program, and a flow analyzer which finds program's vulnerable execution paths.
SensorCraft Structural Optimization and Analytical Certification (2003)

A structural and aerodynamic optimization of a composite joined-wing configuration is presented here. The configuration fulfills a proposed long-endurance surveillance mission and incorporates a load-bearing antenna structure embedded in the composite wing skin. An alternate composite model without embedded antenna structure is also analyzed. PanAir aerodynamic and MSC.NASTRAN structural analysis is managed through Adaptive Modeling Language (AML) software. A baseline configuration is trimmed for critical flight conditions and then structurally optimized for the trimmed flight loads. Non-linear analysis verifies the ability of the aft-wing to safely undergo large deformations.
Pose, illumination and expression invariant pairwise face-similarity measure via Doppelg&#x00E4;nger list comparison (2011)

Face recognition approaches have traditionally focused on direct comparisons between aligned images, e.g. using pixel values or local image features. Such comparisons become prohibitively difficult when comparing faces across extreme differences in pose, illumination and expression. The goal of this work is to develop a face-similarity measure that is largely invariant to these differences. We propose a novel data driven method based on the insight that comparing images of faces is most meaningful when they are in comparable imaging conditions. To this end we describe an image of a face by an ordered list of identities from a Library. The order of the list is determined by the similarity of the Library images to the probe image. The lists act as a signature for each face image: similarity between face images is determined via the similarity of the signatures. Here the CMU Multi-PIE database, which includes images of 337 individuals in more than 2000 pose, lighting and illumination combinations, serves as the Library. We show improved performance over state of the art face-similarity measures based on local features, such as FPLBP, especially across large pose variations on FacePix and multi-PIE. On LFW we show improved performance in comparison with measures like SIFT (on fiducials), LBP, FPLBP and Gabor (C1).
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Antifungal Peptides for Agricultural Applications (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel Photocatalytic Metal Oxides (2012)

The principal short-term objective is to develop improved solid-state photocatalysts for the decomposition of water into hydrogen gas using ultraviolet and visible solar radiation. We will pursue our objective by modeling candidate metal oxides through computer simulations followed by synthesis of promising candidates. We will characterize samples through standard experimental techniques. The long-term objective is to provide a more efficient source of hydrogen gas for fixed-site hydrogen fuel cells, particularly for energy users in remote locations.
Regularization for uniform spatial resolution properties in penalized-likelihood image reconstruction (2000)

Traditional space-invariant regularization methods in tomographic image reconstruction using penalized-likelihood estimators produce images with nonuniform spatial resolution properties. The local point spread functions that quantify the smoothing properties of such estimators are space-variant, asymmetric, and object-dependent even for space-invariant imaging systems. We propose a new quadratic regularization scheme for tomographic imaging systems that yields increased spatial uniformity and is motivated by the least-squares fitting of a parameterized local impulse response to a desired global response. We have developed computationally efficient methods for PET systems with shift-invariant geometric responses. We demonstrate the increased spatial uniformity of this new method versus conventional quadratic regularization schemes in simulated PET thorax scans.
Mature dendritic cells make clusters with T cells in the invasive margin of colorectal carcinoma (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) take up tumour-specific antigen and migrate to regional lymph nodes to generate anti-tumour immunity. Although DC infiltration within human tumour tissue has been reported, the subset distribution has not been fully investigated. This study used immunohistochemistry to investigate DC subset distribution in colorectal adenocarcinoma. DCs expressing CD83, which are considered to be mature DCs, were present mainly in the invasive margin of cancer stroma. CD83(+) DCs in the invasive margin formed clusters with lymphocytes, the majority of which were CD45RO(+) T cells. The number of CD4(+) T cells was greater than that of CD8(+) T cells in these DC-lymphocyte clusters. The elongated cytoplasmic processes of CD83(+) DCs engulfed CD4(+) T cells. DCs that express CD1a were located throughout tumour tissue. Although the number of CD1a(+) DCs was almost the same as that of CD83(+) DCs in the invasive margin of cancer stroma, CD1a(+) DCs were mostly scattered and rarely formed clusters with lymphocytes. DCs that expressed both CD1a and CD83 were rare. Moreover, about 20% of lymphocytes in DC-lymphocyte clusters were positive for Ki-67, and CD83(+) DCs were attached to Ki-67(+) cells. CD83(+) DCs were also present in T-cell areas that had a distinctive structure involving the presence of B-cell lymphoid follicles. These results suggest that in the invasive margin of the colorectal cancer stroma, mature CD83(+) DCs form clusters with T cells to promote T-cell activation for the generation of tumour-specific immunity.
Influence of mechanical stress on the offset voltage of Hall devices operated with spinning current method (1999)

The effect of mechanical stress on the offset voltage of a symmetrical CMOS Hall device was measured when operated by the continuous spinning current method. This method allows the expansion of the spatially periodic offset voltage into components of a Fourier series up to the fifteenth order. The influences of stress on these components are caused by piezoresistive effects changing the current distribution in the active region of the Hall sensor. Further influences are due to a stress-dependent thickness modulation of the insulating pn-junction that defines the device geometry. However, measuring the sensor response in four different directions for the bias current proved to be sufficient to eliminate ail stress-dependent contributions to the offset voltages of a CMOS Hall device.
Influence <i>in vitro </i>d’une série de flavonoïdes sur des enzymes du métabolisme des mucopolysaccharides de veines saphènes humaines et bovines (1971)

The activity of enzymes, extracted from the varicose human saphenous vein and the normal bovine saphenous vein, which intervene in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycanhydrolases) is inhibited <i>in vitro </i>by the action of certain fiavonoids (<i>o</i>-<i>β</i>-hydroxyaethylrutosidea, [+] catechine and certain of its derivatives). (+) Catechine, afteroxidation, shows the strongest inhibiting effect.
Franz–Keldysh electrorefraction and electroabsorption in bulk InP and GaAs (1986)

Franz–Keldysh electrorefraction and electroabsorption were measured for semi-insulating InP and GaAs at several electric fields and several wavelengths near the absorption edge. For InP, the experimental results are described well by an effective mass approximation theory with a correction that accounts for the exponential absorption tail. It is shown that, at least in InP, Franz–Keldysh electrorefraction is under some conditions much stronger than the Pockels effect.
Trace transition metal-catalyzed reactions in the microsomal metabolism of alkyl hydrazines to carbon-centered free radicals. (1991)

Radical production from alkyl hydrazines (i.e. phenelzine and benzylhydrazine) in rat liver microsomes has been proposed to occur via cytochrome P-450-catalyzed one-electron oxidation followed by beta-scission of an alkyl radical. In microsomes treated with phenelzine (2-phenylethylhydrazine), NADPH, and the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (4-POBN), the 4-POBN/2-phenylethyl radical adduct was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase resulted in a 28.5 and 24% decrease in radical production, respectively. The concentration of the 4-POBN/2-phenylethyl radical adduct decreased significantly in the presence of metal chelators, i.e. EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), or deferoxamine mesylate. When phenelzine was incubated with deferoxamine mesylate-washed microsomes and NADPH in Chelex-treated incubation buffer, no significant radical adduct formation was detected. Addition of iron-chelator complexes (either Fe(3+)-DTPA or Fe(3+)-EDTA) greatly stimulated production of the 4-POBN/2-phenylethyl radical adduct in this system. These results show that the 2-phenylethyl radical produced from phenelzine in a microsomal system arises via a trace transition metal-catalyzed reaction. This reaction may occur through oxidation of phenelzine by the hydroxyl radical, which has also been spin-trapped with 4-POBN in this system.
PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS AND FULMINANT HEPATITIS DURING PREGNANCY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY FROM NORTH INDIA (2003)

The present study aimed to find out the prevalence and severity of acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy in North India. The study was conducted on 97 consecutive pregnant patients in third trimester with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) or fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The patients were evaluated on the basis of history, examination, liver function profile and serological markers for hepatitis A,B,C and E viruses. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was the causative agent in 47.4% of the cases of viral hepatitis and 52.6% were caused by non-E viruses(HAV-5.2%,HBV-7.2%,HCV-0%,non A-E 47.4%). HEV was responsible for 36.2% of the cases of AVH and 75% of the cases of FHF. The mortality was 24.7% (24/97). All of them had FHF. Eighteen of 24 cases (75%) who expired were HEV positive. The mortality rate was 39.1% in HEV group and 11.7% in non HEV group. Majority of patients (87.5%) who expired had died undelivered. Hepatitis E was the commonest etiological agent in those who had fulminant disease during pregnancy and was associated with high mortality rate.
The effect of the chemical, biological, and physical environment on quorum sensing in structured microbial communities (2006)

As researchers attempt to study quorum sensing in relevant clinical or environmental settings, it is apparent that many factors have the potential to affect signaling. These factors span a range of physical, chemical, and biological variables that can impact signal production, stability and distribution. Optimizing experimental systems to natural or clinical environments may be crucial for defining when and where quorum sensing occurs. These points are illustrated in our case study of S. aureus signaling in biofilms, where signal stability may be affected by the host environment. The basic signaling schemes have been worked out at the molecular level for a few of the major quorum-sensing systems. As these studies continue to refine our understanding of these mechanisms, an emerging challenge is to identify if and when the local environment can affect signaling.
Liquid Metal Alloys as Self-Healing Negative Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries (2011)

Improving the capacity and durability of electrode materials is one of the critical challenges lithium-ion battery technology is facing presently. Several promising anode materials, such as Si, Ge, and Sn, have theoretical capacities several times larger than that of the commercially used graphite negative electrode. However, their applications are limited because of the short cycle life due to fracture caused by diffusion-induced stresses (DISs) and the large volume change during electrochemical cycling. Here we present a strategy to achieve high capacity and improved durability of electrode materials using low-melting point metallic alloys. With gallium as an example, we show that at a temperature above the melting point of Ga, a reversible solid-liquid transition occurs upon lithiation (lithium insertion) and delithiation (lithium extraction) of Ga. As a result, cracks formed in the lithiated solid state can be "healed" once the electrode returns to liquid Ga after delithiation. This work suggests that cracking as a failure mode can be remedied by using liquid metal electrodes.
Male Caregivers: Breaking through the Male Self-Sufficiency Barrier to Help Those in Need (2005)

Educational Objectives 1. To generate awareness of characteristics and issues specific to male caregivers; 2. To examine successful strategies for education and awareness programs that motivate male caregivers to request services when needed; 3. To identify effective services targeted to male caregivers that have been initiated by three Area Agencies on Aging that received funding from the Virginia Department for the Aging.
The disposition of propranolol. 3. Decreased half-life and volume of distribution as a result of plasma binding in man, monkey, dog and rat. (1973)

The binding of propranolol to plasma has been determined at therapeutic concentrations by equilibrium dialysis in man (93.2%), monkey (99.2%), dog (96.6%) and rat (92.2%) and correlated with its kinetics of disposition after intravenous administration. In nine human subjects the clearance of propranolol from the blood was high and relatively constant at 1.05 liters/min. The apparent volume of distribution (V dβ) which varied 2-fold was proportional to the disposition rate constant, β. In all the species examined Vdβ increased as free drug concentration increased in the order monkey:dog:man:rat, such that the volume of distribution of free drug was constant. This occurred despite large variations in drug clearance among the species (14-92 ml/kg/min), which resulted from differences in hepatic extraction ratio, relative magnitude of liver blood flow and extrahepatic metabolism. When the influence of a variable drug clearance was taken into account, increased drug binding was associated with a decrease in drug half-life. Such differences in binding account in part for species differences in half-life and are entirely responsible for interindividual variation in half-life in man after intravenous administration. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma binding decreases the half-life of propranolol by increasing the rate of drug delivery to its site of elimination. This results because only volume of distribution is dependent on the free drug in the circulation, whereas more than the free fraction of the drug in the circulation is available for clearance by the organs of elimination.
Equilibrium Studies of 5-Substituted 4-Hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidines. I. The Ionization Constants in Aqueous Solution (1974)

The ionization constants of 5-substituted 4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidines (1-11) and some of their methyl derivatives, 4-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidines, 1, 2-dimethyl-4 (1H)-pyrimidones and 2, 3-dimethyl-4 (3H)-pyrimidones were determined. From the ionization constants, the degree of lactim-lactam tautomerism in the 4-hydroxypyrimidines was estimated. It was found that each of the pyrimidines exist mainly as a mixture of lactam forms (4 (1H)-pyrimidone and 4 (3H)-pyrimidone) in approximately equal amounts, in aqueous solution (ca. 1×10-4M). The results were also supported by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The substituent effect on the tautomerism was discussed in connection with the Hammett equation for the basicity of the pyrimidines.