gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser microphotochemistry for use in solid-state electronics (1980)

A focused, ultraviolet (UV) laser beam has been used to produce micrometer-sized chemical processes on solid surfaces. These processes are initiated by the photodissociatlon of a molecular gas in the vicinity of the gas-solid interface. Depending on whether the active photofragment reacts with or is adsorbed on the solid, microetching or microdeposition occurs. Both the surface properties of the solid and the gas-phase kinetics contribute to the process localization. Metal alkyls and methyl halides have been used as parent molecules for deposition and etching, respectively. A focused, 3 mW UV laser is sufficiently intense to produce satisfactory rates for both processes. Several applications of this small-scale photochemistry to microelectronics have been investigated.
Olfactory assessment using the NIH Toolbox (2013)

The human olfactory system provides us with information about our environment that is critical to our physical and psychological well-being. Individuals can vary widely in their ability to detect, recognize, and identify odors, but still be within the range of normal function. Although several standardized tests of odor identification are available, few specifically address the issues in testing very young children, most of whom are likely to be unfamiliar with many of the odor stimuli used in adult tests and have limited ability to read and identify labels to select among choices. Based on the format of the San Diego Odor Identification Test and the delivery system of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, we developed 2 versions of an odor identification test using standardized odor stimuli in a scratch-and-sniff format in which participants match 5 (children) or 9 (adults) odors to pictures representing the odor source. Results from normative testing and validation showed that for most participants, the test could be completed in 5 minutes or less and that the poorer performance among the youngest children and the elderly was consistent with data from tests with larger numbers of items. Expanding on the pediatric version of the test with adult-specific and public health-relevant odors increased the ecological validity of the test and facilitated comparisons of intraindividual performance across developmental stages.
Can Inhibiting Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Limit Hand-Foot Syndrome Caused by Fluoropyrimidines? (2008)

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a cutaneous adverse event that occurs in some patients treated with fluoropyrimidines. Although it is not life threatening, HFS can severely disrupt the daily lives of patients. HFS appears more frequently with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) delivered by continuous infusion or with the 5-FU oral derivative capecitabine than with bolus 5-FU therapy. HFS is a leading cause of treatment interruption, dosage reduction, or, even, therapy discontinuation for patients on a capecitabine regimen. Interestingly, addition of a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, such as uracil, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, or eniluracil, to the fluoropyrimidine treatment regimen significantly diminishes the incidence of HFS. DPD inhibitors were initially combined with fluoropyrimidines to increase the efficacy of the drugs by impairing the DPD-mediated catabolism of 5-FU. However, with the accumulating findings from clinical trials that show the benefits of DPD inhibition on decreasing the risk of HFS, consideration should be given to changing the recommendations for the treatment of cancer patients with fluoropyrimidines to include DPD inhibitor components as standard therapy.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: immunotherapy and new drugs (2015)

One of the major controversies facing researchers in exploring the allo approach is the remarkable recent treatment improvement observed with second- and third-generation proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies and deacetylase inhibitors. Despite these great advances, the disease remains to be incurable and allo-SCT may still play a role in the cure of MM. We think that allo-SCT conserves a role in MM and its curative potential in high-risk patients should be explored in the setting of control clinical trials. Novel cell therapies such as CAR technologies may open new avenues of research toward a potential cure. Data from currently ongoing prospective studies will be helpful to clarify pending clinical questions.
Terminology for Benchmarking SDN Controller Performance (2015)

This document defines terminology for benchmarking an SDN
controller's control plane performance. It extends the terminology
already defined in RFC 7426 for the purpose of benchmarking SDN
controllers. The terms provided in this document help to benchmark SDN
controller's performance independent of the controller's
supported protocols and/or network services. A mechanism for
benchmarking the performance of SDN controllers is defined in the
companion methodology document. These two documents provide a standard
mechanism to measure and evaluate the performance of various
controller implementations.
Transcriptome-Wide Changes in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Gene Expression Regulated by Carbon Dioxide and the CO<sub>2</sub>-Concentrating Mechanism Regulator <i>CIA5</i>/<i>CCM1</i> (2012)

We used RNA sequencing to query the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii transcriptome for regulation by CO(2) and by the transcription regulator CIA5 (CCM1). Both CO(2) and CIA5 are known to play roles in acclimation to low CO(2) and in induction of an essential CO(2)-concentrating mechanism (CCM), but less is known about their interaction and impact on the whole transcriptome. Our comparison of the transcriptome of a wild type versus a cia5 mutant strain under three different CO(2) conditions, high CO(2) (5%), low CO(2) (0.03 to 0.05%), and very low CO(2) (<0.02%), provided an entry into global changes in the gene expression patterns occurring in response to the interaction between CO(2) and CIA5. We observed a massive impact of CIA5 and CO(2) on the transcriptome, affecting almost 25% of all Chlamydomonas genes, and we discovered an array of gene clusters with distinctive expression patterns that provide insight into the regulatory interaction between CIA5 and CO(2). Several individual clusters respond primarily to either CIA5 or CO(2), providing access to genes regulated by one factor but decoupled from the other. Three distinct clusters clearly associated with CCM-related genes may represent a rich source of candidates for new CCM components, including a small cluster of genes encoding putative inorganic carbon transporters.
Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid soluble CD27 levels in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies [published erratum appears in Blood 1996 Oct 1;88(7):2818] (1996)

Diagnosis of meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies by means of cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be difficult. Thus far no reliable CSF tumor markers have been identified. CD27 is a transmembrane disulfide-linked 55-kD homodimer present on most peripheral blood T cells and on a subset of B cells. CD27 is also expressed on human malignant B cells and high levels of soluble CD27 can be present in the serum of patients with B-cell malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine prospectively the diagnostic value of CSF sCD27 as a tumor marker in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies. CSF sCD27 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The optimal cut-off value using receiver operator characteristics curves was found to be 10 U/mL. sCD27 levels were normal in all 50 control patients (lumbar disc protrusion) and in 39 of 40 samples obtained from patients with either solid tumors or acute myeloid leukemia. Of 104 CSF samples from 70 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing routine central nervous system (CNS) staging, sCD27 was false positive and false negative in only one sample each. In 70 samples from 45 patients suspected of meningeal localization of ALL or NHL, the sCD27 test had an excellent sensitivity (100%) and specificity (82%). In 7 patients with positive CSF studied longitudinally, sCD27 levels correlated very well with remission and relapse. sCD27 levels were not nonspecifically increased by the administration of cytostatic drugs. Finally, sCD27 was also elevated in the 4 patients studied with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). CSF sCD27 is a promising tumor marker in patients with either meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies or PCNSL, and can be useful in the differential diagnosis of CNS involvement by either lymphoid malignancies or solid tumors.
Development of Halbach magnet for portable NMR device (2009)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has enormous potential for various applications in industry as the on-line or at-line test/control device of process environments. Advantage of NMR is its non-destructive nature, because it does not require the measurement probe to have a contact with the tested media. Despite of the recent progress in this direction, application of NMR in industry is still very limited. This is related to the technical and analytical complications of NMR as a method, and high cost of NMR analyzers available at the market. However in many applications, NMR is a very useful technique to test various products and to monitor quantitatively industrial processes. Fortunately usually there is no need in a high-field superconducting magnets to obtain the high-resolution spectra with the detailed information on chemical shifts and coupling-constant. NMR analyzers are designed to obtain the relaxation parameters by measuring the NMR spectra in the time domain rather than in frequency domain. Therefore it is possible to use small magnetic field (and low frequency of 2-60 MHz) in NMR systems, based on permanent magnet technology, which are specially designed for specific at-line and on-line process applications. In this work we present the permanent magnet system developed to use in the portative NMR devices. We discuss the experimental parameters of the designed Halbach magnet system and compare them with results of theoretical modelling.
Immunoproteomic Identification of Human T Cell Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis That Differentiate Healthy Contacts from Tuberculosis Patients (2009)

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens inducing cellular immune responses is required to improve the diagnosis of and vaccine development against tuberculosis. To identify the antigens of M. tuberculosis that differentiated between tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy contacts based on T cell reactivity, the culture filtrate of in vitro grown M. tuberculosis was fractionated by two-dimensional liquid phase electrophoresis and tested for the ability to stimulate T cells in a whole blood assay. This approach separated the culture filtrate into 350 fractions with sufficient protein quantity (at least 200 microg of protein) for mass spectrometry and immunological analyses. High levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion were induced by 105 fractions in healthy contacts compared with TB patients (p < 0.05). Most interesting was the identification of 10 fractions that specifically induced strong IFN-gamma production in the healthy contact population but not in TB patients. Other immunological measurements showed 42 fractions that induced significant lymphocyte proliferative responses in the healthy contact group compared with the TB patients. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha response for most of the fractions did not significantly differ in the tested groups, and the interleukin-4 response was below the detectable range for all fractions and both study groups. Proteomic characterization of the 105 fractions that induced a significant IFN-gamma response in the healthy contacts compared with the TB patients led to the identification of 59 proteins of which 24 represented potentially novel T cell antigens. Likewise, the protein identification in the 10 healthy "contact-specific fractions" revealed 16 proteins that are key candidates as vaccine or diagnostic targets.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of RutheniumR. P. Larsen and L. E. RossCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 2, 176–178Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60146a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60146a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nuclear Factor 1 and Octamer Transcription Factor 1 Binding Preset the Chromatin Structure of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Promoter for Hormone Induction (2004)

When the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is integrated into the genome of a mammalian cell, its long terminal repeat (LTR) harbors six specifically positioned nucleosomes. Transcription from the MMTV promoter is regulated by the glucocorticoid hormone via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The mechanism of the apparently constitutive nucleosome arrangement has remained unclear. Previous in vitro reconstitution of nucleosome(s) on small segments of the MMTV LTR suggested that the DNA sequence was decisive for the nucleosome arrangement. However, microinjection of MMTV LTR DNA in Xenopus oocytes rendered randomly distributed nucleosomes. This indicated that oocytes lack factor(s) that induces nucleosome positioning at the MMTV LTR in other cells. Here we demonstrate that specific and concomitant binding of nuclear factor 1 (NF1) and octamer factor 1 (Oct1) to their cognate sites within the MMTV promoter induce a partial nucleosome positioning that is an intermediary state between the randomly organized inactive promoter and the hormone and GR-activated promoter containing distinctly positioned nucleosomes. Oct1 and NF1 reciprocally facilitate each other's binding to the MMTV LTR in vivo. The NF1 and Oct1 binding also facilitate hormone-dependent GR-DNA interaction and result in a faster and stronger hormone response. Since NF1 and Oct1 generate an intermediary state of nucleosome positioning and enhance the hormone-induced response, we refer to this as a preset chromatin structure. We propose that this state of NF1 and Oct1-induced chromatin presetting mimics the early step(s) of chromatin remodeling involved in tissue-specific gene expression.
Reverse Osmosis of Dairy Liquids (1980)

Permeate flux during reverse osmosis of skim milk, Gouda cheese whey at various pH, desalted whey, ultrafiltration permeate, and lactose solutions were studied. The flux-limiting factors of the feed appeared to be osmotic pressure and fouling agents. Protein in Gouda whey at pH 6.6 did not give rise to fouling; however, after desalting or decrease of pH to 4.6, fouling by whey protein occurred. If Gouda whey was concentrated at 30 C over a concentration ratio of 1.6:1, calcium-phosphate precipitation caused strong fouling of the membrane. This fouling can be prevented by removing calcium from the whey or by acidifying to a pH of about 6.0. During reverse osmosis of skim milk, casein is the principal fouling material.
Invasive cytotrophoblast apoptosis in pre-eclampsia (1999)

Pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication diagnosed by signs of widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. In normal pregnancy, a subpopulation of placental cytotrophoblast stem cells executes a differentiation programme that leads to invasion of the uterus and its vasculature. This process attaches the conceptus to the uterine wall and starts the flow of maternal blood to the placenta. In pre-eclampsia, cytotrophoblasts fail to differentiate along the invasive pathway. The functional consequences of this abnormality negatively affect interstitial and endovascular invasion, thereby compromising blood flow to the maternal-fetal interface. To determine whether abnormal differentiation and/or hypoxia leads to apoptosis of invasive cytotrophoblasts, we used the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) method to label DNA strand breaks in tissue sections of the placenta and the uterine wall to which it attaches. Control samples (n = 9) showed little or no apoptosis in any location, but in samples from patients with pre-eclampsia, 15-50% of the cytotrophoblast subpopulation that invaded the uterine wall was labelled (8/9 samples). These same cells failed to stain for Bcl-2, a survival factor normally expressed by trophoblasts in both the placenta and the uterine wall. Our results show that pre-eclampsia is associated with widespread apoptosis of cytotrophoblasts that invade the uterus. The magnitude of programmed cell death in this population may account for the sudden onset of symptoms in some patients, as well as the associated coagulopathies.
Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Derivatives of Brusatol as Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Nitric Oxide Release Studies (2014)

Brusatol, a biologically active natural product, was modified in four distinct positions through the covalent attachment of a furoxan moiety, which acts as a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Forty derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on excess NO biosynthesis in activated macrophages. Among them, compound 75 demonstrated inhibition (IC50 = 0.067 μM) comparable to that of brusatol but were less cytotoxic. More importantly, even at very low doses (2 μmol/kg/day), compound 75 also showed substantial inhibitory efficacy against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like inflammation in the mouse model induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Particularly, this compound was over 100-fold less toxic (LD50 > 3852 μmol/kg) than brusatol and could be a promising lead for further studies. Notably, the improved properties of this derivative are associated with its NO-releasing capability.
10—THE WRINKLING BEHAVIOUR OF WOOL FABRICS: THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING AND CROSS-LINKING (1972)

Abstract An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by 'annealing'. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery. KEY WORDS (SPECIFIC TERMS): WRINKLE-RECOVERYWRINKLINGMULTIPLE-PLEAT TESTDEFERRED-CURE METHODANNEALINGCROSS-LINKINGSTABILIZATIONWORSTED FABRICSWOOLFORMALDEHYDERESORCINOLCONDENSATION POLYMERSMETHYLOL MELAMINESRESINSUREAAMIDESSULPHONAMIDESCARBAMATESPHENOLSAMINESEPICHLOROHYDRINACROLEINCROTONALDEHYDEMERCAPTANSMULTIPLE-PLEAT TESTERKEY WORDS (BROADER TERMS): END-USE PROPERTIESFABRIC PROPERTIES (MECHANICAL)WRINKLE-RECOVERY TESTINGDURABLE-PRESS TREATMENTSREACTIONS (CHEMICAL)POLYMERSWRINKLE-RECOVERY TESTERSTESTING EQUIPMENT
An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing (1993)

An image processing technique with associated hardware was developed to quantitatively extract hyoid bone motion from realtime submandibular ultrasound images recorded during the swallowing act. Videofluorographic imaging, the "gold standard" of swallowing studies, was recorded simultaneously and synchronized to the ultrasound. Hyoid position obtained from the ultrasound was validated based on the videofluorography using personal computer-based image processing methods.
Accurate and Real-Time Object Detection Based on Bird's Eye View on 3D Point Clouds (2019)

Aiming at accurate and real-time object detection on 3D point clouds, we proposed a single-stage deep neural network which includes new solutions in three aspects: network architecture, loss function design and data augmentation. Firstly, the point clouds are directly voxelized to build a binary bird's eye view (BEV) map. The network is specially designed to combine the semantic and position information on point clouds to output a final feature map. When regressing the bounding boxes of objects from the bird's eye view, an extra prediction error regression is considered in the loss function to achieve the convergence with higher precision. In training process, a special data augmentation is adopted by mixing 3D point clouds from different frames to improve generalization performance of the network. Experimental results show that our approach achieves higher performance than the state-of-the-art methods on the KITTI BEV object detection benchmark at a frame rate of 20Hz, using only the position information of LIDAR point clouds.
Predicting Future Lane Changes of Other Highway Vehicles using RNN-based Deep Models (2018)

In the event of sensor failure, autonomous vehicles need to safely execute emergency maneuvers while avoiding other vehicles on the road. To accomplish this, the sensor-failed vehicle must predict the future semantic behaviors of other drivers, such as lane changes, as well as their future trajectories given a recent window of past sensor observations. We address the first issue of semantic behavior prediction in this paper, which is a precursor to trajectory prediction, by introducing a framework that leverages the power of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and graphical models. Our goal is to predict the future categorical driving intent, for lane changes, of neighboring vehicles up to three seconds into the future given as little as a one-second window of past LIDAR, GPS, inertial, and map data. We collect real-world data containing over 20 hours of highway driving using an autonomous Toyota vehicle. We propose a composite RNN model by adopting the methodology of Structural Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to learn factor functions and take advantage of both the high-level structure of graphical models and the sequence modeling power of RNNs, which we expect to afford more transparent modeling and activity than opaque, single RNN models. To demonstrate our approach, we validate our model using authentic interstate highway driving to predict the future lane change maneuvers of other vehicles neighboring our autonomous vehicle. We find that our composite Structural RNN outperforms baselines by as much as 12% in balanced accuracy metrics.