gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mean Value Models for Exhaust System Temperatures (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Exhaust temperatures are important for turbine and catalyst performance. A set of exhaust temperature models suitable for turbo matching as well as design and analysis of engine control systems are developed and investigated. The models are lumped parameter heat transfer models, that fall within the category of mean value engine models.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The model is developed for describing exit temperatures from the exhaust manifold and temperature drops in pipe sections in the exhaust system. The components used to model the exhaust temperature are: engine out temperature, temperature drop in a straight pipe, and a set of heat transfer modes. The model is validated using data from three different engines. It is shown that, for a spark ignited engine operating at MBT and stoichiometric conditions, it is sufficient to model the engine out temperature as a linear function of mass flow. Recommendations for tuning the model are also given.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A thorough survey of exhaust heat transfer literature is also made together with a comparative summary of the different heat transfer modes that are present in the exhaust.</div>
Secretion Efficiency in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </i>of Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor Mutants Lacking Disulfide Bonds Is Correlated with Thermodynamic Stability (1998)

Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been widely used as a model protein to investigate protein structure and folding pathways. To study the role of its three disulfide bonds in folding, proofreading, and secretion of BPTI in an intact eucaryotic cell, BPTI was expressed and secreted from a synthetic gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create all possible single and pairwise cysteine to alanine BPTI mutants, and the effect of these mutations on secretion efficiency was determined. The 5-55 disulfide bond is found to be essential for secretion-loss of either Cys5, Cys55, or both prevents secretion. Removal of the 14-38 disulfide bond results in a small reduction of secretion, but individual Cys14 or Cys38 replacements reduce secretion efficiency by 30%. Cys30 and Cys30-51 mutants are secreted at half the level of wild-type BPTI, while secretion of the Cys51 mutant is reduced by 90%. BPTI containing only a single disulfide bond (5-55) is not secreted. No relationship is observed between secretion efficiency and in vitro folding or unfolding rates, but mutant BPTI secretion is directly correlated with the in vitro unfolding temperature Tm and the free energy of stabilization provided by each of the three disulfides. These results indicate that structural fluctuations rather than the time-averaged structure observed by NMR or X-ray crystallography may determine recognition of a protein as misfolded and subsequent retention and degradation.
MINIMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC (1972)

A new crystalline antibiotic, minimycin1), C9H11NO7, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Isolation and properties of the new antibiotic are described. Minimycin is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also possesses significant antitumor activity against transplantable tumors.
The Thermal Stability of a Peroxide-Based Cetane Improvement Additive (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The implementation of stringent diesel engine emissions regulations is growing worldwide. The use of high cetane diesel fuels is one of the more cost effective options that can be used to reduce engine emissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Both organic nitrates and peroxides are effective chemical cetane improvers. While, nitrate-based ignition improvers have enjoyed longstanding commercial use, peroxides have only found limited use. Peroxides are typically perceived as having detrimental effects on fuel stability. For most, but not all peroxides, this perception is correct. The poor fuel stability observed in fuels containing peroxides results from the formation of radical species via peroxide decomposition. A peroxide with sufficient stability to prevent radical formation will avoid fuel compatibility issues. A di-alkyl peroxide has been identified that has minimal impact on fuel quality. The thermal stability of this peroxide will be compared to that of ethylhexyl nitrate. Data on the decomposition of the peroxide and ethylhexyl nitrate in diesel fuel at elevated temperatures will be presented. The data presented includes rates and energies of thermal decomposition. Diesel fuel is subjected to elevated temperatures in the injection systems of modern diesel engines. The effect on cetane number of exposing the cetane improved fuels to elevated temperatures will be discussed.</div>
Diverse macular dystrophy phenotype caused by a novel complex mutation in the ELOVL4 gene. (2001)

The discovery of a second mutation in the ELOVL4 gene segregating with macular dystrophy phenotypes confirms the role of this gene in a subset of dominant macular dystrophies with a wide range of clinical expressions and suggests a role for modifying genes and/or environmental factors in the disease process.
Multipoint multimedia conferencing (1992)

The development of multipoint multimedia services for conferencing is described. The use of integrated services digital network (ISDN) as part of the work carried out in the European collaborative projects Multipoint Interactive Audiovisual Communication (MIAC) and Multipoint Interactive Audiovisual System (MIAS) is emphasized. The history of multipoint teleconferencing, the different types of multipoint conferencing systems, and protocol requirements for multipoint multimedia conferencing systems are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linear Poly(ethylene imine)s by Acidic Hydrolysis of Poly(2-oxazoline)s: Kinetic Screening, Thermal Properties, and Temperature-Induced Solubility Transitions (2009)

The kinetics for the acidic hydrolysis of two water-soluble poly(2-oxazoline)s with methyl and ethyl substituents were investigated. It could be observed that poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) are hydrolyzed following a linear relation with time. Various polymer lengths and concentrations were investigated, revealing that both parameters had no influence on the hydrolysis kinetics. Comparison between PEtOx and PMeOx revealed that the smaller PMeOx side group could be removed faster. Furthermore, a series of linear poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) were synthesized with varying M/I ratio from 5 to 200 to elucidate structure−property relations. Thermal measurements indicated that the Tg of PMeOx was increasing up to a M/I ratio of 100. PEI, on the other hand, is crystalline and exhibits a melting temperature which shows a similar increase with M/I ratio as observed for the Tg of PMeOx. Solubility measurements in water and water/ethanol mixtures indicated a solubility transition to a soluble state at elevated temperatures. The solubility transition was observed to fit with the melting temperature, indicating that the PEI crystals need to melt in solution before solubilizing. Moreover, when adding ethanol to the water solution, the formed crystals are less stable due to the improved solubility of PEI in ethanol, causing a decrease in cloud point temperature. Upon cooling, PEI crystallizes at much lower temperatures compared to dissolution, causing a large hysteresis presumably due to extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which also plays a role in the formation of the hydrate crystals.
Effect of intravenous administration of dipyridamole in a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia (2010)

Pharmacological therapy able to improve the cognitive performances of patients with chronic vascular pathologies currently remains unavailable. Many studies of chronic cerebral hypotension in rodents have revealed alterations in reference memory and learning. Dipyridamole was introduced into clinical medicine in the early 1960s as a coronary vasodilator. It is a potent inhibitor of platelet activation and reduces formation of thrombi in vivo. In addition, it is an antithrombotic agent used for secondary stroke prevention in combination with aspirin. Recent evidence indicates that dipyridamole has anti-inflammatory properties. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in the rat is recognized as a valid model of chronic cerebral hypotension, also defined as the "vascular cognitive impairment rat model." Here, we report that dipyridamole reverses the impairment of spatial working memory 90 days after 2VO. This protective effect might be in relation to dipyridamole's anti-inflammatory properties.
Line edge roughness characterization with a three-dimensional atomic force microscope: Transfer during gate patterning processes (2005)

As critical dimensions (CD) for semiconductor devices shrink to a few tens of nanometers, the line edge roughness (LER) and linewidth roughness (LWR) becomes a critical issue. For this study, we used a new 3D CD-AFM which enables us to characterize LER and LWR along the features after each technological step of standard gate patterning processes. Isolated lines with CDs going from 20nm and 100nm were written with an e-beam lithography tool. First, we transfer the resist mask into silicon to determine the influence of different plasma chemistries on LER. Then, the resist mask is transferred into a standard CMOS gate stack: SiO2 hard mask, polysilicon, dielectric gate. The results after e-beam lithography show that the LWR measured at the bottom of the pattern is higher than the one measured at the middle. It can be attributed to the effect of backscattered electrons. Then, we show that for smaller dimensions, the trimming that occurs during the hard mask opening process weakens the resist and increases drastically the LWR in the polysilicon. This puts forward one limitation of standard processes for aggressive gate patterning. Finally, we do not observe any obvious trend on LER and LWR after the characterization of features coming from two different silicon etching chemistries. This conclusion is surprising. We attributed it to the tip size limitation in sidewall roughness detection on silicon.
Facial image retrieval, identification, and inference system (1993)

Article Facial image retrieval, identification, and inference system Share on Authors: J. K. Wu View Profile , Y. H. Ang View Profile , P. C. Lam View Profile , S. K. Moorthy View Profile , A. D. Narasimhalu View Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '93: Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on MultimediaSeptember 1993 Pages 47–55https://doi.org/10.1145/166266.166271Online:01 September 1993Publication History 12citation1,461DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads1,461Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Object Contour Detection with a Fully Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network (2016)

We develop a deep learning algorithm for contour detection with a fully convolutional encoder-decoder network. Different from previous low-level edge detection, our algorithm focuses on detecting higher-level object contours. Our network is trained end-to-end on PASCAL VOC with refined ground truth from inaccurate polygon annotations, yielding much higher precision in object contour detection than previous methods. We find that the learned model generalizes well to unseen object classes from the same supercategories on MS COCO and can match state-of-the-art edge detection on BSDS500 with fine-tuning. By combining with the multiscale combinatorial grouping algorithm, our method can generate high-quality segmented object proposals, which significantly advance the state-of-the-art on PASCAL VOC (improving average recall from 0.62 to 0.67) with a relatively small amount of candidates (~1660 per image).
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 increases plant protein digestion in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the small intestine (TIM-1) (2017)

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 [GanedenBC<sup>30</sup>] (BC30) to aid in protein digestion of alimentary plant proteins. To test this, three plant proteins, from pea, soy and rice, were digested in a validated in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) in the absence and in the presence of BC30. Samples were taken from the TIM-1 fractions that mimic uptake of amino acids by the host and analysed for α-amino nitrogen (AAN) and total nitrogen (TN). Both were increased by BC30 for all three plant proteins sources. The ratio of TN/AAN indicated that for pea protein digestion was increased by BC30, but the degree of polymerisation of the liberated small peptides and free amino acids was not changed. For soy and rice, however, BC30 showed a 2-fold reduction in the TN/AAN ratio, indicating that the liberated digestion products formed during digestion in the presence of BC30 were shorter peptides and more free amino acids, than those liberated in the absence of BC30. As BC30 increased protein digestion and uptake in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it consequently also reduced the amount of protein that would be delivered to the colon, which could there be fermented into toxic metabolites by the gut microbiota. Thus, the enhanced protein digestion by BC30 showed a dual benefit: enhanced amino acid bioavailability from plant proteins in the upper GI tract, and a healthier environment in the colon.
A dynamic fed batch strategy for a <i>Pichia pastoris</i> mixed feed system to increase process understanding (2012)

Mixed substrate feeding strategies are frequently investigated to enhance the productivity of recombinant Pichia pastoris processes. For this purpose, numerous fed batch experiments or time-consuming continuous cultivations are required to optimize control parameters such as the substrate mixing ratio and the applied methanol concentration. In this study, we decoupled the feeding of methanol and glycerol in a mixed substrate fed batch environment to gain process understanding for a recombinant P. pastoris Muts strain producing the model enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Specific substrate uptake rates (qs) were controlled separately, and a stepwise increased qGly-control scheme was applied to investigate the effect of various substrate fluxes on the culture. The qs-controlled strategy allowed a parallel characterization of the metabolism and the recombinant protein expression in a fed batch environment. A critical-specific glycerol uptake rate was determined, where a decline of the specific productivity occurred, and a time-dependent acceleration of protein expression was characterized with the dynamic fed batch approach. Based on the observations on recombinant protein expression, propositions for an optimal feeding design to target maximal productivities were stated. Thus, the dynamic fed batch strategy was found to be a valuable tool for both process understanding and optimization of product formation for P. pastoris in a mixed substrate environment.
The active spatial organization of the β-<i>globin</i> locus requires the transcription factor EKLF (2004)

Three-dimensional organization of a gene locus is important for its regulation, as recently demonstrated for the beta-globin locus. When actively expressed, the cis-regulatory elements of the beta-globin locus are in proximity in the nuclear space, forming a compartment termed the Active Chromatin Hub (ACH). However, it is unknown which proteins are involved in ACH formation. Here, we show that EKLF, an erythroid transcription factor required for adult beta-globin gene transcription, is also required for ACH formation. We conclude that transcription factors can play an essential role in the three-dimensional organization of gene loci.
Accuracy bounds and optimal computation of homography for image mosaicing applications (1999)

We describe a theoretically optimal algorithm for computing the homography between two images in relation to image mosaicing applications. First, we derive a theoretical accuracy bound based on a mathematical model of image noise and do simulation to confirm that our renormalization technique effectively attains that bound; our algorithm is optimal in that sense. Then, we apply our technique to mosaicing of images with small overlaps. By using real images, we show how our algorithm reduces the instability of the image mapping.
Accurate Automatic Detection of End-Diastole From Left Ventricular Pressure Using Peak Curvature (2008)

Precise identification of end-diastole (ED), corresponding to the end of diastole and start of systole, is crucial for accurate assessment of cardiac function. The aims of this study were to develop a new algorithm based on peak curvature (kappa(p)) for detecting ED as a "corner" in left ventricular pressure (LVP) signals, and to compare this approach with "gold-standard" ED obtained by manual annotation (ED(man)) and ED calculated with previously described algorithms that use an LVP first-derivative threshold (dP/dt(0) or dP/dt(100)), the peak LVP second-derivative (d(2)P/dt(2)(p)) or ECG R-wave peak (ECG(R)). Using customized software, all algorithms were applied to data derived from 213 large animal studies spanning a wide range of animal ages (fetus to adult), heart rates, inotropic states, and loading conditions. Differences between ED(man) and each algorithm were then compared after defining an acceptance region for the ED detection based on ED(man) interobserver variability. ED detected with kappa(p) was the most accurate (p < 0.001) and least variable (p < 0.001), with 97% of measurements within the acceptance region and difference from ED(man) of (1.5 +/- 4.2) ms. By contrast, ED was often detected early with dP/dt(0) and dP/dt(100) , and late with d(2)P/dt(2)(p) and ECG(R). These results indicate that the peak curvature algorithm using LVP provides accurate and reliable detection of ED.
Use of a Snake Venom Toxin to Characterize the Cholinergic Receptor Protein (1970)

alpha-Bungarotoxin, a polypeptide of mol wt 8000 purified from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus, blocks irreversibly and specifically the excitation by cholinergic agonists on the isolated electroplax and on purified membrane fragments in vitro. The toxin also blocks the in vitro binding of decamethonium to a protein recently isolated from electric tissue. This observation strengthens our earlier conclusion that this protein is the cholinergic receptor macromolecule.
Detection of the uncomfortable loudness level by electroencephalographic data : A novelty detection approach using habituation correlates (2008)

The objective fitting of hearing aids and cochlear implants in uncooperative patients still remains a challenge. Especially in determining the threshold of uncomfortable loudness which cannot be predicted from the auditory threshold. In this study, we propose a single sweeps processing method which employs a hybrid approach of adaptive frame decomposition adaptation by a tight wavelet frame and the gaussian novelty detection for the detection of large-scale electroencephalographic responses correlates of habituation in late auditory evoked potentials. For this, habituation is discerns as a novel event. It is concluded that the new approach provides a fast and reliable method in the discrimination of uncomfortable loudness level from comfortable loudness level. It can be further use in more clinically oriented studies related to an objective frequency specific fitting of hearing aids or cochlear implants.
Defining incumbent protection zones on the fly: Dynamic boundaries for spectrum sharing (2015)

In spectrum sharing, a spatial separation region is defined around primary users (PUs) to protect them from secondary user (SU)-induced interference. This protection region — referred to by a number of names, such as an exclusion zone (EZ) or a protection zone (PZ) — has a static boundary, and this boundary is determined very conservatively to provide an additional margin of protection for the PUs. This legacy notion of interference protection is overly rigid, and often results in poor spectrum utilization efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for prescribing interference protection for the PUs that addresses some of the limitations of legacy EZs. Specifically, we introduce the concept of Multi-tiered Incumbent Protection Zones (MIPZ), and show that it can be used to dynamically adjust the PU's protection boundary based on the radio environment, network conditions, and the PU interference protection requirement. MIPZ can serve as an analytical framework for quantitatively analyzing a given PZ to gain insights on and determine the tradeoffs between interference protection and spectrum utilization efficiency. It allows a number of SUs, say N, to operate closer to the PU, and improves the overall spectrum utilization efficiency while ensuring a probabilistic guarantee of interference protection to the PU. We leverage the combined power of database-driven spectrum sharing and stochastic optimization theory for dynamically computing the zone boundary and the value of N. Using extensive simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed framework improves spectrum utilization efficiency by adapting to the changing interference environment through dynamic adjustments of the zone boundary.
Comment on “Defect Photoluminescence of Undoping ZnO Films and Its Dependence on Annealing Conditions” [J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, G110 (2001)] (2005)

Plagiarism, the submission of manuscripts to multiple journals, and duplicate publishing in more than one primary journal are unacceptable because the practices are unethical and unlawful. The recent act by an author in the Journal of Crystal Growth, which involved a JES manuscript, is offensive. We support the strong stance by the Journal of Crystal Growth. We hope that by publicizing these actions, it will strongly discourage future occurrences. The following is reprinted from the Journal of Crystal Growth 280 (2005) 1 , by permission of the publisher, Elsevier B.V.