gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IPSAPIRONE AND KETANSERIN PROTECTS AGAINST CIRCULATORY SHOCK, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, AND CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA DURING HEATSTROKE (2005)

We assess the effects of ipsapirone (a 5-HT1A receptor agonist), ketanserin (a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist), (-)-pindolol (a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist), and DOI (a 5-HT2A receptor agonist) on heatstroke in a rat model. Animals, under urethane anesthesia, were exposed to high ambient temperature of 42 degrees C until mean arterial pressure and local cerebral blood flow in the striatum began to decrease, which was arbitrarily defined as the onset of heatstroke. Normothermic controls were exposed to room temperature of 24 degrees C. In rats treated with normal saline immediately before the initiation of heat stress, the values for survival time were found to be 21 to 25 min. Systemic administration of ipsapirone (10 mg/kg) or ketanserin (2 mg/kg) immediately before the initiation of heat stress significantly increased the survival time to new values of 92 to 104 min. Combined treatment with ipsapirone and ketanserin had additive effects (survival time of 156-194 min). In contrast, systemic administration of (-)-pindolol (2 mg/kg) or DOI (2 mg/kg) significantly decreased the survival time to new values of 2 to 3 min. In vehicle-treated heatstroke rats, the values for core temperature, intracranial pressure, and the extracellular levels of cellular ischemia (e.g., glutamate and lactate/pyruvate ratio) or damage (e.g., glycerol) markers and neuronal damage scores in striatum were significantly higher than those of normothermic controls. On the other hand, the values for mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow, and brain partial pressure of O2 were significantly lower than those of normothermic controls. The heatstroke-induced hyperthermia, arterial hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion and hypoxia, and increased levels of cellular ischemia and damage markers in striatum were all significantly attenuated by prior administration of ipsapirone or ketanserin. The present results strongly suggest that previous activation of 5-HT1A receptors or antagonism of 5-HT2A receptors protects against heatstroke by reducing circulatory shock and cerebral ischemia, whereas prior antagonism of 5-HT1A receptors or activation of 5-HT2A receptors exacerbates heatstroke.
Low NO<sub>x</sub>Burners for Boilers, Furnaces and Gas Turbines; Drive Towards the Lower Bounds of NO<sub>x</sub>Emissions (1996)

Abstract The rational of Low NOx Burners (LNB) and the processes which limit their performance are discused. Information on the chemistry of combustion and nitrogen species interconversion serves as the guide for the temperature and mixing histories of the fuel to lead to minimum NOx emissions without excessive flame length. The tools required to achieve optimal distributed air admixing are those of fluid dynamics. Three examples are discussed: the LNB design in which air-fuel mixing near the burner is suppressed by radial density stratification but mixing is vigorous further downstream to ensure complete combustion; Gas Turbine Combustors with ultra-lean premixed flames in which flame stability close to the fuel-lean flammability limit and CO emission have to be reconciled with NOx emission; and Topping Combustors for coal fired Combined Gas Turbine-Steam Cycles in which the fuel-N bearing syngas and the cooling of the combustor walls by the high temperature combustion products of fluidized combustion of coal char present problems.
MicroRNA alterations in Barrett′s esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines following cranberry extract treatment: Insights for chemoprevention (2011)

Study results support the cancer inhibitory potential of C-PAC is in part attributable to C-PAC's ability to modify miRNA profiles within EAC cells. A number of C-PAC-modulated miRNAs have been been identified as dysregulated in BE and EAC. Further insights into miRNA dysregulation and modulation by select cancer preventive agents will support improved targeted interventions in high-risk cohorts.
Language independent extractive summarization (2005)

We demonstrate TextRank -- a system for unsupervised extractive summarization that relies on the application of iterative graph-based ranking algorithms to graphs encoding the cohesive structure of a text. An important characteristic of the system is that it does not rely on any language-specific knowledge resources or any manually constructed training data, and thus it is highly portable to new languages or domains.
Galactose‐binding site in <i>Escherichia coli</i> heat‐labile enterotoxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) (1994)

The galactose-binding site in cholera toxin and the closely related heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from Escherichia coli is an attractive target for the rational design of potential anti-cholera drugs. In this paper we analyse the molecular structure of this binding site as seen in several crystal structures, including that of an LT:galactose complex which we report here at 2.2 A resolution. The binding surface on the free toxin contains several tightly associated water molecules and a relatively flexible loop consisting of residues 51-60 of the B subunit. During receptor binding this loop becomes tightly ordered by forming hydrogen bonds jointly to the GM1 pentasaccharide and to a set of water molecules which stabilize the toxin:receptor complex.
Locating internet routing instabilities (2004)

This paper presents a methodology for identifying the autonomous system (or systems) responsible when a routing change is observed and propagated by BGP. The origin of such a routing instability is deduced by examining and correlating BGP updates for many prefixes gathered at many observation points. Although interpreting BGP updates can be perplexing, we find that we can pinpoint the origin to either a single AS or a session between two ASes in most cases. We verify our methodology in two phases. First, we perform simulations on an AS topology derived from actual BGP updates using routing policies that are compatible with inferred peering/customer/provider relationships. In these simulations, in which network and router behavior are "ideal", we inject inter-AS link failures and demonstrate that our methodology can effectively identify most origins of instability. We then develop several heuristics to cope with the limitations of the actual BGP update propagation process and monitoring infrastructure, and apply our methodology and evaluation techniques to actual BGP updates gathered at hundreds of observation points. This approach of relying on data from BGP simulations as well as from measurements enables us to evaluate the inference quality achieved by our approach under ideal situations and how it is correlated with the actual quality and the number of observation points.
Reading to learn (2009)

Machine learning offers a range of tools for training systems from data, but these methods are only as good as the underlying representation. This paper proposes to acquire representations for machine learning by reading text written to accommodate human learning. We propose a novel form of semantic analysis called reading to learn, where the goal is to obtain a high-level semantic abstract of multiple documents in a representation that facilitates learning. We obtain this abstract through a generative model that requires no labeled data, instead leveraging repetition across multiple documents. The semantic abstract is converted into a transformed feature space for learning, resulting in improved generalization on a relational learning task.
A Lyapunov-type Bound in <i> R <sup>d</sup> </i> (2005)

Let $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ be independent random vectors taking values in ${\bf R}^d$ such that ${{\bf E} X_k =0}$ for all k. Write $S=X_1+\cdots+X_n$. Assume that the covariance operator, say $C^2$, of S is invertible. Let Z be a centered Gaussian random vector such that covariances of S and Z are equal. Let ${\cal C}$ stand for the class of all convex subsets of ${\bf R}^d$. We prove a Lyapunov-type bound for $\Delta =\sup_{A\in{\cal C}}|{\bf P}\{S\in A\}-{\bf P}\{Z\in A\}|$. Namely, ${\Delta \le c d^{1/4} \beta}$ with $\beta = \beta_1+\cdots+\beta_1$ and ${\beta_k={\bf E} |C^{-1}X_k|^3}$, where c is an absolute constant. If the random variables $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ are independent and identically distributed and $X_k$ has identity covariance, then the bound specifies to ${\Delta \le c d^{1/4} {\bf E} |X_1|^3/\sqrt{n}}$. Whether one can remove the factor $d^{1/4}$ or replace it with a better one (eventually by 1) remains an open question.
Analysis of the Annual Performance of Bifacial Modules and Optimization Methods (2014)

Bifacial modules have the advantage of capturing sunlight from front as well as from rear surfaces, and therefore, they are able to produce larger amounts of energy, compared with standard (monofacial) modules. However, their performance depends on the spatial distribution of the irradiance incident on the rear module surface, which is strongly affected by several site-specific conditions, such as albedo, reflective surface size, module elevation, and tilt angle. In this study, we elaborate upon the individual and combined effects of these factors on the annual energy yield of stand-alone south-facing bifacial modules through simulations at two site locations with contrary climatic conditions. Following the optimization of the tilt angle of bifacial modules dependent on the site, albedo, and module elevation, we demonstrate that the annual energy yield of a bifacial module increases linearly with albedo, which shows a monotonically increasing but, in addition, saturating behavior versus reflective surface size, and increases up to a certain module elevation. Through the simultaneous consideration of these dependences, we suggest an optimal positioning of bifacial modules. Finally, we show that under these optimal conditions, bifacial modules can supply up to 25% more energy compared with standard modules.
The <i>dps</i> promoter is activated by OxyR during growth and by IHF and σ<sup>s</sup> in stationary phase (1994)

Dps is a non-specific DNA-binding protein abundant in starved Escherichia coli cells and is important for the defence against hydrogen peroxide. We found that dps mRNA levels are controlled by rpoS-encoded sigma S, the transcriptional activator OxyR and the histone-like IHF protein. In exponentially growing cells, dps is induced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in an OxyR-dependent manner. This OxyR-dependent induction occurs only during log phase, although the OxyR protein is present in stationary phase. In the stationary phase cells, dps is expressed in a sigma S- and IHF-dependent manner. The purified OxyR and IHF proteins are also shown to bind upstream of the dps promoter. Our results suggest that the dps promoter is recognized by both sigma 70-holoenzyme and sigma S-holoenzyme, since OxyR acts through sigma 70 and the starts of the OxyR- and sigma S-dependent transcripts are identical.
Alopecia With Endocrine Therapies in Patients With Cancer (2013)

Alopecia is a common yet underreported adverse event of endocrine-based cancer therapies. Their long-term use heightens the importance of this condition on patients' quality of life. These findings are critical for pretherapy counseling, the identification of risk factors, and the development of interventions that could enhance adherence and mitigate this psychosocially difficult event.
3D automatic segmentation and reconstruction of prostate on MR images (2007)

In this work we present a method to automatic 3D segmentation of prostate on MR images and volume reconstruction by fuzzy sets fusion algorithm. The segmentation is model based method and the reconstruction takes into account the slice thickness to reduce the partial volume effect.
Algae-spot disease in Cinnamomum cassia (2004)

The algae-spot disease was serious in Cinnamomum cassia stands and the pathogen (Cephaleuros virescens) could infect the hosts by zoospore with raining and in air from March to October in Hua'an County of Fujian Province.It was a single-cycle disease.The pathogen overwintered as sporangium on infected leaves.The control effects of 1% Bordeaux mixture,50% Topsin and 50% Carbendazim were 66.2%,45.9% and 33.8% respectively.
20-HETE Relaxes Bovine Coronary Arteries Through the Release of Prostacyclin (1998)

Neutrophils respond to ischemic injury by infiltrating the myocardium via the vascular wall. During this process, neutrophils are activated and release inflammatory mediators. Some of these mediators are metabolites of arachidonic acid. We have reported that neutrophils metabolize arachidonic acid to 20-HETE, a cytochrome P450 metabolite. We investigated the effects of 20-HETE on coronary vascular tone by examining 20-HETE-induced changes in isometric tension in bovine coronary artery rings precontracted with the thromboxane-mimetic, U46619. 20-HETE relaxed precontracted coronary rings in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 of 3 x 10(-7) mol/L). Pretreatment with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, shifted the concentration-response curve to the right (EC50 of 1 x 10(-6) mol/L); maximal relaxations were not affected. This suggested that 20-HETE-induced relaxations were, in part, dependent on the cyclooxygenase pathway. Relaxations to 20-HETE were not significantly changed in endothelium-denuded rings. To determine whether metabolism of 20-HETE to a vasoactive compound might explain the relaxations caused by 20-HETE, rings of coronary artery were incubated with [3H] 20-HETE. The incubation buffer was extracted and the [3H] products resolved on reverse-phase HPLC. Both denuded and intact arteries failed to metabolize [3H] 20-HETE. To investigate whether 20-HETE-induced relaxations were related to release of prostacyclin, we measured the release of 6-keto PGF1alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, from bovine coronary arteries. 20-HETE (1 x 10(-6) mol/L) stimulated an increase in 6-keto PGF1alpha in intact vessels (908 +/- 138 pg/mL versus 1402 +/- 157 pg/mL, basal versus stimulated). Thus, 20-HETE-induced relaxations are due, in part, to the stimulation of the release of the dilatory prostanoid, prostacyclin.
Internalization and distribution of inositol hexakisphosphate in red blood cells (1996)

Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, is able to modify the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. The rightwards shift of the curve increases the in vivo oxygen delivery to tissues. Such an exogenous substance may be internalized into red blood cells (RBC) using a reversed lysis-resealing process following a hypoosmotic shock, resulting in InsP6-RBC with modified oxygen transport capacity. The efficacy of the process depends on various physicochemical parameters which can be fixed during the experimental protocol. The variability of InsP6 internalization from one sample to another appeared to be mainly due to the natural variation in osmotic fragility of RBC. This factor was also modified during the storage of RBC units before the lysis-resealing process. The separation of InsP6-RBC on a density gradient revealed a wide heterogeneity of internalized InsP6 concentration, varying with the degree of osmotic shock. The control of these various parameters will result in resealed InsP6-RBC in reproducible conditions suitable for in vivo use.
Two types of antiprogestins identified by their differential action in transcriptionally active extracts from T47D cells (1991)

Transcriptionally active nuclear extracts from human breast carcinoma cells (T47D) were used to compare the action of progestins and several antiprogestins of the 11 beta-aryl substituted steroid series on the DNA-binding properties and the trans-activating potential of progesterone receptor (PR) in vitro. Using the gel-shift assay we identified a novel type of antiprogestin (ZK98299, type I), which in contrast to type II antiprogestins, including RU486, does not induce binding of PR to progesterone response elements (PREs). In competition experiments excess of type I antiprogestin inhibits induction of DNA binding of PR by progestins and type II antiprogestins suggesting that its binding to PR interferes with the formation of stable receptor dimers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the antagonistic action of ZK98299 can be fully mimicked in vitro by using cell-free nuclear extracts from T47D cells and a 'simple' test promoter. In contrast, type II antiprogestins known to induce certain promoters in vivo exert strong agonistic effects on in vitro transcription of the test template used.
FAB-MAP 3D: Topological mapping with spatial and visual appearance (2010)

This paper describes a probabilistic framework for appearance based navigation and mapping using spatial and visual appearance data. Like much recent work on appearance based navigation we adopt a bag-of-words approach in which positive or negative observations of visual words in a scene are used to discriminate between already visited and new places. In this paper we add an important extra dimension to the approach. We explicitly model the spatial distribution of visual words as a random graph in which nodes are visual words and edges are distributions over distances. Care is taken to ensure that the spatial model is able to capture the multi-modal distributions of inter-word spacing and account for sensor errors both in word detection and distances. Crucially, these inter-word distances are viewpoint invariant and collectively constitute strong place signatures and hence the impact of using both spatial and visual appearance is marked. We provide results illustrating a tremendous increase in precision-recall area compared to a state-of-the-art visual appearance only systems.
L-arginine-dependent reactive nitrogen intermediates as mediators of tumor cell killing by activated macrophages. (1990)

The capacities of lymphokines and of various microbes to induce in a pure population of bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes tumoricidal activity and/or the production of L-arginine-dependent reactive nitrogen intermediates, measured by the release of nitrite, were comparatively assessed. These parameters were found to be closely correlated in a variety of experimental situations, i.e., enhanced by a surplus of L-arginine and abrogated by N-monomethyl-L-arginine, a selective inhibitor of L-arginine-dependent effector mechanisms. In other macrophage/tumor cell combinations, such correlation was less obvious or not at all detectable, suggesting that, in these models, L-arginine-dependent reactive nitrogen intermediates are not or not alone responsible for the mediation of tumoricidal activity by activated macrophages. Collectively, the present findings suggest that the mechanism of tumor cell killing by activated macrophages may differ, depending on the tumor cell type and the pathway of macrophage activation. Among the various effector mechanisms considered to be involved in tumor cell killing by activated macrophages, L-arginine-dependent reactive nitrogen intermediates appear to hold a major role.
The complete amino acid sequence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate 3‐phosphate synthase (1984)

The amino acid sequence of the enzyme 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate 3‐phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase) from Escherichia coli has been determined using a combined strategy involving among acid and nucleotide sequencing techniques. The complete polypeptide chain consists of 427 amino acids and has a calculated M r of 46 112.
IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECTS OF ACIDIC POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACT OF<i>PANAX GINSENG</i>ON MACROPHAGE FUNCTION (2002)

The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is one of the most popular natural tonics in oriental countries. In this study, we have isolated polysaccharide fraction of Panax ginseng (ginsan) and examined its effect on the function of murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with ginsan, cytotoxic activity against B16 melanoma cells was significantly induced. In addition, the levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were increased and the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen components such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was enhanced. Moreover, phagocytic activity was induced in ginsan-treated macrophages compared to the control. The expression of CD14 and 1-Ab on murine peritoneal macrophages was increased by the treatment with ginsan, while the expression of CD11b was decreased. Taken together, these results suggest that ginsan has an immunopotentiating effects on macrophages and these abilities could be used clinically for the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
Facile synthesis of highly water-dispersible and monodispersed Fe3O4 hollow microspheres and their application in water treatment (2013)

Highly water-dispersible and monodispersed Fe3O4 hollow microspheres have been synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, in which sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) was used as a dispersant and size-controlling reagent. The results showed that the obtained Fe3O4 hollow microspheres were composed of nanoparticles less than 15 nm in diameter and exhibited superparamagnetic properties with relatively high saturation magnetization at room temperature. Meanwhile, the negatively-charged carboxyl groups from PAAS were closely attached to the surface of the Fe3O4 hollow microspheres, which made them highly water-dispersible. The reaction process was systematically investigated and we found that the Fe3O4 hollow microspheres in our experiment were formed through a self-template process, where the solid α-Fe2O3 microspheres generated at the initial stage transformed into Fe3O4 hollow microspheres through the synergetic effect of Ostwald ripening and reduction. Additionally, the PAAS, by regulating the viscosity of the reaction solution through varying the concentration, could indirectly adjust the size of the Fe3O4 hollow microspheres ranging from 200 nm to 340 nm. Finally, the obtained Fe3O4 hollow microspheres were demonstrated to be an excellent adsorbent of heavy metal ions like Pb2+ due to their abundant carboxyl groups and magnetic separability.
Impact du mode de propagation de la déformation sur la préservation des sédi- ments dans les bassins intra-montagneux : Cas des Andes de Neuquén (Argentine) (2014)

ACT
Impaired fatty acid metabolism in familial combined hyperlipidemia. A mechanism associating hepatic apolipoprotein B overproduction and insulin resistance. (1993)

To establish whether insulin resistance and/or postprandial fatty acid metabolism might contribute to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) we have examined parameters of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in six FCH kindreds. Probands and relatives (n = 56) were divided into three tertiles on the basis of fasting plasma triglycerides (TG). Individuals in the highest tertile (TG > 2.5 mM; n = 14) were older and had increased body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations compared with individuals in the lowest tertile (n = 24). The former also presented with decreased HDL cholesterol and increased total plasma cholesterol, HDL-TG, and apoprotein B, E, and CIII concentrations. Insulin concentrations were positively correlated with plasma apo B, apo CIII, apo E, and TG, and inversely with HDL cholesterol. Fasting nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were elevated in FCH subjects compared to six unrelated controls and five subjects with familial hypertriglyceridemia. Prolonged and exaggerated postprandial plasma NEFA concentrations were found in five hypertriglyceridemic FCH probands. In FCH the X2 minor allele of the AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster was associated with increased fasting plasma TG, apo CIII, apo AI, and NEFA concentrations and decreased postheparin lipolytic activities. The clustering of risk factors associated with insulin resistance in FCH indicates a common metabolic basis for the FCH phenotype and the syndrome of insulin resistance probably mediated by an impaired fatty acid metabolism.