gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intercellular signaling of reproductive development by the<i>C. elegans</i>DAF-9 cytochrome P450 (2004)

Parallel pathways control C. elegans reproductive development in response to environmental cues. Attenuation of daf-2 insulin-like or daf-7 TGFbeta-like signaling pathways cause developmental arrest at the stress resistant and long-lived dauer stage. Loss-of-function mutations in the cytochrome P450 gene daf-9 also cause dauer arrest and defects in cell migration. A rescuing daf-9::GFP fusion gene driven by the daf-9 promoter is expressed in two head cells at all stages, in the hypodermis from mid-second larval stage (L2) to the fourth larval stage (L4), and in the spermatheca of the adult hermaphrodite. Although the level of daf-9::GFP expression in the head cells and spermatheca is constant, hypodermal daf-9::GFP expression is modulated by multiple inputs. In particular, daf-9::GFP expression in the hypodermis is absolutely dependent on daf-12, the nuclear receptor that is negatively regulated by daf-9 gene activity, suggesting feedback control between daf-9 and daf-12 in this tissue. daf-9 expression exclusively in the hypodermis is sufficient to restore reproductive development in daf-9 mutant animals, suggesting that daf-9 functions in a cell nonautonomous manner. Furthermore, constitutive expression of daf-9 in the hypodermis suppresses dauer arrest of daf-7 mutant animals and inhibits dauer remodelling of some tissues in daf-2 mutant animals. Thus, daf-9 may integrate outputs from daf-2 and daf-7 signaling pathways to relay neuroendocrine signals through synthesis of a lipophilic hormone.
Photorealistic rendering for augmented reality using environment illumination (2003)

Mixing 3D computer-generated images with real-scene images seamlessly in augmented reality has many desirable and wide areas of applications such as entertainment, cinematography, design visualization and medical trainings. The challenging task is to make virtual objects blend harmoniously into the real scene and appear as if they are like real. Apart from constructing detailed geometric 3D model representation and obtaining accurate surface properties for virtual objects, adopting real scene lighting information to render virtual objects is another important factor to achieve photorealistic rendering. Such a factor not only improves visual complexity of virtual objects, but also determines the consistency of illumination between the virtual objects and the surrounding real objects in the scene. Conventional rendering techniques such as ray tracing, and radiosity require intensive computation and data preparation to solve the lighting transport equation. Hence, they are less practical for rendering virtual objects in augmented reality, which demands a real-time performance. This work explores an image-based and hardware-based approach to improve photorealism for rendering synthetic objects in augmented reality. It uses a recent technique of image-based lighting, environment illumination maps, and a simple yet practical multi-pass rendering framework for augmented reality.
An experimental study of analgesic activity of Cissus quadrangularis (1984)

1. The analgesic activity of alcoholic extract of whole plant of cissus quadrangularis family vitaceae), was studied in mice by Haffner's Clip and Eddy's hot plate methods.

2. The extract effective by both oral and i.p. routes significantly (P < 0.001) increased the reaction time by both methods.

3. The duration of analgesic activity was from 2 to 4 h and optimum effect was observed at l/20th -1/10th of LD50 dose. The extract compared well with acetylsalicylic acid.
Synthesis of [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>]nifedipine (2003)

Abstract [ 13 C 2 ]Nifedipine ( 3 ) was synthesized from [ 13 C]methanol (&#38;1macr;) in two steps. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packaging of LED backlights for ruggedised displays (2010)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) can provide a number of benefits such as adaptive light control, reduced form factor and other novel techniques to ultimately improve the performance of the display. Some of the design challenges in adopting LEDs are to fully understand their effect on the thermal management, reliability, optical and viewability performance of the display. For the display designer this requires integrated modelling and analysis tools. The paper describes optical and thermal modelling techniques used to predict key design parameters such as luminance and temperature for ruggedized electronic display's using an array of LEDs as the backlight.
The design of two-dimensional FIR and IIR filter architectures for HDTV signal processing (2002)

Multiplexers and carry-save-adders are used as the basic cells of designing two-dimensional FIR and IIR filter architectures for HDTV image processing. Compared with the existed design, this architecture can process each sample in eight gate delays without trading with extra hardware. Besides, it has the features of short latency, low cost and is systolic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
One-port SAW resonators using natural SPUDT substrates (2006)

We discuss the design of one-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators using substrates with a partial or total degree of directivity, that is, the natu- ral single-phase unidirectional transducer (N-SPUDT) ef- fect. A general design method gives a resonance when all three frequencies (the required resonance frequency and the Bragg frequencies) are different. A second method has been derived from the resonance condition for a symmetrical sub- strate. Two further methods incorporate 4 gaps. The ca- pacitance ratio is presented as a function of the phase of the electrode reflection coefficient. The simulations use data for the N-SPUDT orientation of langasite. The reflection coefficient for Al electrodes has been calculated from finite element modeling (FEM) analy- sis. The approximate perturbation theory is found to agree well for small film thickness ( 2%). The phase of the reflection coefficient is typically 150 , not quite the ideal value of 180 . Measurements on resonators using Al and Cu films are presented.
The Second Generation of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Clinical and Pharmacological Effects (1991)

One potentially important and widely studied approach to cholinomimetic therapy in Alzheimer disease (AD) is the use of substances that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine (ACh) and thereby terminates the activity of the neurotransmitter. The rationale of the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in AD is based on the finding that the loss of cholinergic neuronal function results in a deficiency in ACh concentrations in the CNS (Whitehouse et al., 1981; Struble et al., 1982; Coyle et al., 1983; Arendt et al., 1985). This can be regarded as a relative overactivity of AChE. AChE inhibitors reduce AChE activity and increase the duration of survival of released ACh (Giacobini 1991). The increased concentration of ACh can then stimulate the post synaptic cellular matrix, which is regarded as being relatively more intact in AD (Whitehouse et al., 1981).
Detection of Error Related Neuronal Responses Recorded by Electrocorticography in Humans during Continuous Movements (2013)

The error detection method presented here could be used to correct errors made during BMI operation or to adapt a BMI algorithm to make fewer errors in the future. Furthermore, our results indicate that smaller ECoG implant could be used for error detection. Reducing the size of an ECoG electrode implant used for BMI decoding and error detection could significantly reduce the medical risk of implantation.
Design Space Exploration for Power-Efficient Mixed-Radix Ling Adders (2009)

We present an integer linear programming (ILP) method that optimizes generalized prefix Ling adders in terms of area, delay, and power. The contribution is listed in the following. (1) We devise an ILP formulation based on logical effort models so that we can use ILP solver, CPLEX, to produce minimum power solutions with given structural, area and timing constraints. The formulation allows the adjustment of parameters and constraints, e.g. the radix numbers and the ratio of static and dynamic power. We implement the flow for the users to automatically synthesize the adders. (2) We engineer sets of integer decision variables and linear constraints to depict the prefix topology, signal delay, and power characterization. Since the design space of prefix adders is large, optimal solutions are usually hard to generate without good formulations. We generate redundant constraints to prune the search space. The approach significantly reduces the execution time. (3) We explore mixed radices for prefix topologies, i.e. GP cells have radices 2, 3, or 4, and a prefix network can contain cells of different radices. This mixed-radix feature expands the design space for better solutions. High-radix adders reduce logic levels and thus can serve for high performance applications. On the other hand, high-radix cells take more logical effort, longer parasitic delay, and more power consumption. These factors are all taken care of in the devised ILP formulation. (4) We adopt the structure of Ling adders to produce faster sum and carry responses. The experiments show that Ling adders achieve better results than normal prefix adders. (5) We apply hierarchical design methods to handle high bit-width modules. One weakness of ILP solver is the scaleability of computational time with the bit-width. We use a divide-and-conquer strategy to synthesize 64-bit adders.
A network-based approach to diagnosis of Autism Spectrum disorders (2012)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Genomic surveillance reveals low prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the East of England (2017)

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging problem in many parts of the world. LA-MRSA has been isolated previously from animals and humans in the United Kingdom (UK), but the prevalence is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to describe the molecular epidemiology of LA-MRSA isolated in the East of England (broadly Cambridge and the surrounding area). We accessed whole genome sequence data for 2,283 MRSA isolates from 1,465 people identified during a 12-month prospective study between 2012 and 2013 conducted in the East of England, United Kingdom. This laboratory serves four hospitals and 75 general practices. We screened the collection for multilocus sequence types (STs) and for host specific resistance and virulence factors previously associated with LA-MRSA. We identified 13 putative LA-MRSA isolates from 12 individuals, giving an estimated prevalence of 0.82% (95% CI 0.47% to 1.43%). Twelve isolates were mecC-MRSA (ten CC130, one ST425 and one ST1943) and single isolate was ST398. Our data demonstrate a low burden of LA-MRSA in the East of England, but the detection of mecC-MRSA and ST398 indicates the need for vigilance. Genomic surveillance provides a mechanism to detect and track the emergence and spread of MRSA clones of human importance.
Properties of Amorphous Carbon Films Synthesized by Atmospheric Pressure Glow Plasma CVD Method (2006)

Amorphous carbon films were synthesized on top of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using atmospheric-pressure glow (APG) plasma CVD equipment which we originally designed and set up. Plasma was generated between two metal electrodes one of which was covered with a dielectric plate. By varying dielectric constant of the plate, the deposition rate of the carbon films was controlled. From the oxygen transmission test, the resulting PET coated with thin carbon films exhibited high gas barrier property. Using the material with high dielectric constant, we finally synthesized a nearly complete gas barrier films at the deposition rate of 15 sec.
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain (2018)

The upcoming 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) of the World Health Organization (WHO) offers a unique opportunity to improve the representation of painful disorders. For this purpose, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has convened an interdisciplinary task force of pain specialists. Here, we present the case for a reclassification of nervous system lesions or diseases associated with persistent or recurrent pain for ≥3 months. The new classification lists the most common conditions of peripheral neuropathic pain: trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injury, painful polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and painful radiculopathy. Conditions of central neuropathic pain include pain caused by spinal cord or brain injury, poststroke pain, and pain associated with multiple sclerosis. Diseases not explicitly mentioned in the classification are captured in residual categories of ICD-11. Conditions of chronic neuropathic pain are either insufficiently defined or missing in the current version of the ICD, despite their prevalence and clinical importance. We provide the short definitions of diagnostic entities for which we submitted more detailed content models to the WHO. Definitions and content models were established in collaboration with the Classification Committee of the IASP's Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG). Up to 10% of the general population experience neuropathic pain. The majority of these patients do not receive satisfactory relief with existing treatments. A precise classification of chronic neuropathic pain in ICD-11 is necessary to document this public health need and the therapeutic challenges related to chronic neuropathic pain.
Cellular lysis of Streptococcus faecalis induced with triton X-100 (1978)

Lysis of exponential-phase cultures of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 was induced by exposure to both anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and nonionic (Triton X-100) surfactants. Lysis in response to sodium dodecyl sulfate was effective only over a limited range of concentrations, whereas Triton X-100-induced lysis occurred over a broad range of surfactant concentrations. The data presented indicate that the bacteriolytic response of growing cells to Triton X-100: (i) was related to the ratio of surfactant to cells and not the surfactant concentration per se; (ii) required the expression of the cellular autolytic enzyme system; and (iii) was most likely due to an effect of the surfactant on components of the autolytic system that are associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The possibility that Triton X-100 may induce cellular lysis by releasing a lipid inhibitor of the cellular autolytic enzyme is discussed.
Allergic Airway Inflammation (2012)

Allergic airway inflammation is one characteristic feature of asthma disease, with additional pathology including a reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), infiltration of eosinophils and T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells into the airway submucosa, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling (Agrawal & Shao 2010). Allergic airway diseases are inflammatory disorders in which aberrant immune regulation occurs and susceptible individuals mount allergen specific responses. Inflammatory cells are recruited to the asthmatic airways or are activated in situ. The inflammatory cells include mast cells, macrophages, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, basophils, neutrophils, and platelets (Barnes et al. 1998). Structural cells may also be important sources of inflammatory mediators in asthma. Airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts are all capable of synthesizing and releasing inflammatory mediators (Levine, 1995; Saunders et al. 1997; John et al. 1997). Moreover, these cells may become the major source of inflammatory mediators in the airway, which may explain how asthmatic inflammation persists even in the absence of activating stimuli. A majority of patients with asthma have an atopic, allergic background (Robinson 2000). The prevailing consensus in regards to these patients is that the immunological basis of atopic sensitization and allergic disease results from inappropriate Th2 cell responses to common environmental proteins termed allergens (Robinson 2009). Here, we summarize recent findings regarding how immune response and inflammatory cells contribute to allergic airway inflammation and discuss recent progress in the regulation of these cells.
Photo-decarbonylation of coumarandiones (1970)

The photo-decarbonylation of coumarandiones by n→π* excitation in benzene solution in the presence of certain nucleophiles produces good yields of derivatives of salicylic acid by way of a keto-keten intermediate.
Miktoarm Copolymers Bearing One Poly(ethylene glycol) Chain and Several Poly(ε-caprolactone) Chains on a Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Core (2010)

Amphiphilic miktoarm copolymers mPEG-(hb-PG)-g-PCL bearing one monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) chain and several linear poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains on a hyperbranched polyglycerol (hb-PG) core were designed and synthesized via a combination of anionic polymerization of glycidol and ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL). The polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). The amphiphilic miktoarm copolymers could form stable micelle solutions by adding water to a THF solution of the polymer followed by removal of the organic solvent by dialysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed that the micelles had a narrow unimodal size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images displayed that the micelles were in regular spherical shape with narrow size distribution. The properties of the copolymers as drug carriers were investigated with prednisone acetate as a model drug. Linear mPEG-b-PCL block copolymers with similar composition were synthesized and used for comparison to investigate the effects of the hyperbranched architecture. The drug loading capacity (DLC) and entrapment efficiency (EE) of amphiphilic hyperbranched miktoarm copolymers mPEG-(hb-PG)-g-PCL were higher than those of amphiphilic linear block copolymers mPEG-b-PCL. Further, the amphiphilic hyperbranched miktoarm copolymers had more sustained drug release behavior.
Treatment of Donor Bone Marrow with Monoclonal Anti-T-Cell Antibody and Complement for the Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1986)

The effects of ex-vivo depletion of T lymphocytes from donor bone marrow using a monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody (CT-2) and complement on the outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of 40 patients with leukemia. Patients receiving T-cell-depleted bone marrow had a lower incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease than control patients (3 of 20 compared with 13 of 20; p = 0.004), and mortality due to acute graft-versus-host disease was reduced. Five patients in the T-cell-depletion group developed graft failure; all control patients had sustained engraftment (p less than 0.05). Clinically apparent relapse of leukemia occurred in 7 patients from the T-cell-depletion group and in 2 controls (p, not significant). Cytogenetic evidence of residual leukemia was also detected in the 5 patients with graft failure without overt relapse. Infections and overall survival were similar in the two groups. The effects of T-cell depletion on engraftment and recurrence of leukemia require further evaluation.
Efficient Linkage Discovery by Limited Probing (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of discovering the structure of a fitness function from binary strings to the reals under the assumption of bounded epistasis. Two loci (string positions) are epistatically linked if the effect of changing the allele (value) at one locus depends on the allele at the other locus. Similarly, a group of loci are epistatically linked if the effect of changing the allele at one locus depends on the alleles at all other loci of the group. Under the assumption that the size of such groups of loci are bounded, and assuming that the function is given only as a "black box function", this paper presents and analyzes a randomized algorithm that finds the complete epistatic structure of the function in the form of the Walsh coefficients of the function.
Down-Regulation of HLA Class I Antigens in Prostate Cancer Tissues and Up-Regulation by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition (2007)

The current study shows that the prevalence of HLA class I down-regulation is high in prostate cancer but histone deacetylase inhibitors can up-regulate HLA class I in LNCaP cells by up-regulating beta2-microglobulin. We suggest that the combination of an immunotherapeutic approach and histone deacetylase inhibition would accentuate the effects of current immunotherapies for prostate cancer.
Measuring Response Of Propellant To Oscillatory Heat Flux (1990)

Apparatus for research in combustion of solid propellants measures oscillatory response of rate of burning to oscillating thermal radiation from modulated CO2 laser. Determines response to rate of burning to equivalent oscillation in pressure. Rod of propellant mounted in burner assembly including waveguide at one end and infrared window at other end. Microwave Doppler velocimeter measures motion of combustion front. Microwave, laser-current, and heat-flux signals processed into and recorded in forms useful in determining desired response of propellent.
Field measurements for the assessment of inertial response for wind power plants based on Hydro‐Québec TransÉnergie requirements (2015)

Wind turbine generators (WTGs) equipped with the inertial response feature have been in operation on the Hydro‐Québec system since 2012. As part of the validation and performance test program carried out at each wind power plant, on‐line monitoring was used to evaluate the inertial response during under frequency events. This study presents the status of the ongoing assessment using field measurements and simulation results for type‐III and type‐IV WTGs equipped with the inertial response feature required by Hydro‐Québec TransÉnergie since 2006.