gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sample and length-dependent variability of 77 and 4.2 K properties in nominally identical RE123 coated conductors (2016)

We present a broad study by multiple techniques of the critical current and critical current density of a small but representative set of nominally identical commercial RE123 (REBa2Cu3O7−δ, RE = rare Earth, here Y and Gd) coated conductors (CC) recently fabricated by SuperPower Inc. to the same nominal high pinning specification with BaZrO3 and RE2O3 nanoprecipitate pinning centers. With high-field low-temperature applications to magnet technology in mind, we address the nature of their tape-to-tape variations and length-wise Ic inhomogeneities by measurements on a scale of about 2 cm rather than the 5 m scale normally supplied by the vendor and address the question of whether these variations have their origin in cross-sectional or in vortex pinning variations. Our principal method has been a continuous measurement transport critical current tool (YateStar) that applies about 0.5 T perpendicular and parallel to the tape at 77 K, thus allowing variations of c-axis and ab-plane properties to be clearly distinguished in the temperature and field regime where strong pinning defects are obvious. We also find such in-field measurements at 77 K to be more valuable in predicting 4.2 K, high-field properties than self-field, 77 K properties because the pinning centers controlling 77 K performance play a decisive role in introducing point defects that also add strongly to Jc at 4.2 K. We find that the dominant source of Ic variation is due to pinning center fluctuations that control Jc, rather than to production defects that locally reduce the active cross-section. Given the 5–10 nm scale of these pinning centers, it appears that the route to greater Ic homogeneity is through more stringent control of the REBCO growth conditions in these Zr-doped coated conductors.
Short- and Intermediate-Term Clinical Outcomes From Direct Myocardial Laser Revascularization Guided by Biosense Left Ventricular Electromechanical Mapping (2000)

Percutaneous DMR guided by left ventricular mapping is feasible and safe and reveals improved angina and prolonged exercise duration for up to a 6-month follow-up.
Survivin, Survivin-2B, and Survivin-deItaEx3 expression in medulloblastoma: biologic markers of tumour morphology and clinical outcome (2005)

Survivin is an apoptotic inhibitor that is expressed at high levels in a variety of malignancies. Survivin has four known alternative splice forms (Survivin, Survivin-2B, Survivin-deltaEx3, and Survivin-3B), and the recent literature suggests that these splice variants have unique functions and subcellular localisation patterns. We evaluated 19 fresh-frozen paediatric medulloblastomas for the expression of three Survivin isoforms by quantitative PCR. Survivin was most highly expressed when compared with normal cerebellar tissue. We also investigated Survivin protein expression in 40 paraffin-embedded paediatric medulloblastoma tumours by immunohistochemistry. We found a statistically significant association between the percentage of Survivin-positive cells and histologic subtype, with the large-cell-anaplastic variant expressing Survivin at higher levels than the classic subtype. We also found a statistically significant relationship between the percent of Survivin-positive cells in the tumours and clinical outcome, with higher levels of Survivin correlating with a worse prognosis. In summary, our study demonstrates a role for Survivin as a marker of tumour morphology and clinical outcome in medulloblastoma. Survivin may be a promising future prognostic tool and potential biologic target in this malignancy.
Topochemical synthesis and catalysis of metal nanoparticles exposed on crystalline cellulose nanofibers (2010)

Topochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was achieved on crystalline cellulose single nanofibers (CSNFs), which were tailored from native cellulose. Exposed AuNPs@CSNFs composite exhibited an excellent catalytic efficiency: the turnover frequency of the AuNPs@CSNFs was up to 840 times that of conventional polymer-supported AuNPs, for a model aqueous reduction reaction. Our novel strategy provides a promising solution to realize efficient use of limited noble metals using natural bioresources.
Mechanically Robust, Electrically Conductive Biocomposite Films Using Antimicrobial Chitosan‐Functionalized Graphenes (2013)

An effective way of covalently functionalizing graphene with a chitosan polymer via a nitrene chemistry is demonstrated. The biofunctionalized graphene is prepared by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide using a nitrene chemistry, and then covalently grafting chitosan to the graphene surface. The effectiveness of the biofunctionalized graphene as a reinforcing filler (4 wt%) in a chitosan polymer matrix is verified by the dramatic enhancement of the mechanical properties (breaking stress = 330%, Young's modulus = 243%) and the electrical conductivity (0.3 S m −1 ) without much loss in the elongation‐at‐break. The reinforcing effect can be explained by both the homogeneous dispersion of graphene within the matrix and the strong bond arising from the intrinsically intimate contact between the graphene and the matrix. The high antimicrobial activity of the biofunctionalized graphene compared with graphene oxide and chemically reduced graphene may be because of the presence of chitosan polymer on the edges of the graphene. The strong, antimicrobial graphene‐filled composite film can be used for food packaging and for coating various biomedical devices, where bacterial surface colonization is undesirable.
Burst switching using variable optical splitter based switches with wavelength conversion (2017)

In this paper, we address the problem of efficient bursty level transmission in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks employing variable optical splitter (VOS) based switches. We focus on the recently proposed VOS based switches since, unlike traditional optical switches, they have shown to reduce end-to-end delay of bursts significantly at high traffic loads as they adopt a switching approach using controllable and flexible optical power directing and splitting features. However, to realize this benefit, the bottleneck is high blocking at such high loads, which is comparable to traditional switches. In this paper, we propose to use wavelength conversion at VOS switches to reduce blocking and, therefore, to realize the reduced end-to-end delay. Though wavelength conversion has been used before with various switches, it has not been investigated for the VOS switches and, particularly, whether it would yield any significant or considerable benefits at high traffic loads is not known. For this investigation, we propose (1) a modified VOS based switch architecture, (2) a modified burst transmission protocol to accommodate wavelength conversion, and we carry out (3) a performance study. Our performance study verifies that wavelength conversion is effective when operating at even high loads for the VOS based switches as (1) it significantly brings down blocking at high loads (on a ring based network, wavelength conversion with 16 wavelengths shows 62% blocking reduction at a fairly high load of 0.85 and a good 34% reduction at even the highest load 1.0), and (2) the blocking reduction significantly increases with the number of wavelengths even at high loads. This study, therefore, verifies that wavelength conversion, by significantly reducing blocking, very much helps realize the benefits in terms of delay
Factorized adaptation for deep neural network (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel method to adapt context-dependent deep neural network hidden Markov model (CD-DNN-HMM) with only limited number of parameters by taking into account the underlying factors that contribute to the distorted speech signal. We derive this factorized adaptation method from the perspectives of joint factor analysis and vector Taylor series expansion, respectively. Evaluated on Aurora 4, the proposed method can get 19.0% and 10.6% relative word error rate reduction on test set B and D with only 20 adaptation utterances, and can have decent improvement with as few as two adaptation utterances. We also show that the proposed method is better than feature discriminative linear regression (fDLR), an existing DNN adaptation method. Its small number of parameters and short training time offer an attractive solution to low-footprint speech applications.
Applications of High Precision Imaging Polarimetry (2008)

We propose the use of imaging polarimetry for general photography, which is a relatively young technique allowing the determination of polarized components of the light coming from extended objects or scenes. In this paper high resolution and accurate methods are introduced to determine the two linearly polarized components (Q;U) of light. The CIE Luv color space is used in this work to visualize the triplet of (I;Q;U) polarization image components. The structure of this color space is also highly appropriate to represent other attributes of linearly polarized light, such as the polarized intensity, degree and the angle of polarization. The accurately measured polarization components can also be efficiently used for image enhancement. In this direction, a new, polarization-based de-reflection method is proposed. This method is an optimal pixel-wise extension of the widely used photographical polarization filtering. Our method is also capable of amplifying the specular effects. Another application is de-hazing, which removes the linearly polarized component of the haze present in natural scenes, and results in a sharp and color-corrected image. Furthermore, the different combinations of visible and infrared polarization channels enable great possibilities in further de-hazing and to create artistic images.
Effects of temperature and food availability on growth rate during late larval stage of Japanese anchovy (<i>Engraulis japonicus</i>) in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region (2005)

Abstract During periods when the population size of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus is large, the abundance of 1‐yr olds has been considered to be dependent on the growth and survival processes in the late larval and early juvenile stages in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region off northern Japan. Recent growth rates for 10 days before capture of larval and early juvenile E. japonicus were estimated and examined in relation to the surface water temperature and the available copepod density in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Late larval and early juvenile E. japonicus were distributed in the waters with temperature from 15 to 19°C and available prey density from 10 to 1000 mg dry weight (DW) m −2 in the transition region. The late larval growth rates were found to be regulated more strongly by water temperature than by copepod density in the waters <16°C, and more strongly by copepod density than water temperature in the waters <100 mg DW m −2 in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region. The recent growth rates decreased from the western waters to the eastern waters in the survey area 140–170°E in 1998, correlating with decreases of food availability to 50–100 mg DW m −2 . While in 1999, the recent growth rates were faster in the waters east of 150°E, resulting from eastward expansion of warm water ranges and high available prey density 100–400 mg DW m −2 . The key environmental factors regulating late larval growth rate of E. japonicus in the transition region seem to be spatially different between years.
STAT5 binding contributes to lactational stimulation of promoter III expressing the bovine acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha-encoding gene in the mammary gland (2002)

Activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)-alpha is rate limiting for de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The encoding gene is expressed by three different promoters. We characterized promoter III (PIII) from cow, previously only known from sheep. Quantitation of transcripts by RNAse protection assays and real time PCR revealed that PIII is primarily expressed and strongly induced ( approximately 28-fold) in the lactating mammary gland. PIII transcripts are expressed in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) as shown by in situ hybridization. A 2999 bp segment of the PIII promoter conferred prolactin and dexamethasone inducibility to a luciferase reporter gene in stably transfected mouse MEC cells. Lactogenic induction was abolished if a unique signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-binding site at position -797 was inactivated by two point mutations. An oligonucleotide probe harboring this STAT-site specifically bound nuclear proteins from the lactating mammary gland. Binding was abolished by those two point mutations and super-shift analyses showed that STAT5A factors are present in this complex. Hence, prolactin, acting through STAT5, contributes to the activation of ACC expression in the milk producing cells of the lactating mammary gland. We discuss that STAT5 might be important in determining the milk composition by coordinating fatty acid and protein synthesis during lactation.
The Present and Future OTDR (1985)

The state of the art in optical time domain reflectometry is described from the viewpoint of the instrument designer, with emphasis on single-mode technology. The fundamental OTDR range/resolution tradeoff is reviewed, along with its practical implications for measurement accuracy. Finally, prospects for future OTDR performance improvements are discussed.
Empirically validated web page design metrics (2001)

A quantitative analysis of a large collection of expert-rated web sites reveals that page-level metrics can accurately predict if a site will be highly rated. The analysis also provides empirical evidence that important metrics, including page composition, page formatting, and overall page characteristics, differ among web site categories such as education, community, living, and finance. These results provide an empirical foundation for web site design guidelines and also suggest which metrics can be most important for evaluation via user studies.
Use of p62/SQSTM1 antibodies for neuropathological diagnosis (2007)

The demonstration of proteinaceous inclusions in the brain is the key step in the pathological diagnosis of degenerative dementias. The diversity of these diseases has necessitated the use of a panel of (immuno)stains to visualize all suspect pathologies, elevating diagnostic costs. Immunodetection of p62 (sequestosome 1), an abundant constituent in diverse pathological inclusions, holds the potential for a broad-specificity, high-contrast inclusion label. In the brain, pathological p62-positive aggregates comprise both cytoplasmic and nuclear types in neurones and glia, with abnormal tau, alpha-synuclein, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 or polyglutamine proteins as primary components. We therefore set out to evaluate the performance of p62 antibodies for diagnostic immunohistochemistry. We optimized the application conditions and compared the staining profiles of eight commercial p62 antibodies with each other and with reference immunostains, using 2-mm tissue multiarrays representing the major tauo- and synucleinopathies and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). The lesions were best visualized using monoclonal antibodies, displaying most types of hallmark inclusions with excellent contrast. Expanding the list of p62-containing aggregates, we demonstrated p62 in tufted astrocytes, coiled bodies, astrocytic plaques, and variform neocortical inclusions and pathological processes in FTLD-U. Polyclonal antibodies exhibited lower sensitivities with variable background levels. We also noted more subtle p62-immunoreactive features lacking overt disease associations. Emphasizing the importance of proper antibody and epitope unmasking methods for maximum sensitivity, we recommend p62 immunodetection as a screening stain for diagnostic practice.
A web based tool for integration of molecular pathway models (2008)

Developing complex models of cellular function requires the collaboration of multiple teams of researchers remotely distributed worldwide. A challenge of computational systems biology is to find easy and accessible mechanisms to enable such collaboration to construct higher level models of cellular function. This paper presents the development of an on-line Web portal for enabling open access to Cytosolve, an existing, proven and scalable computational architecture for integrating quantitative molecular pathways. The developed graphical user interface allows ease-of-use for developers of quantitative molecular pathway models to remotely collaborate to build larger and more complex models using the Cytosolve infrastructure. The on-line Web portal will be accessible and it will allow users to remotely collaborate with the existing Cytosolve computational environment that supports integration of models in a parallel manner without geographical restrictions. A creator of a model will be able to integrate their model from their local location to an ensemble of distributed models through this on-line Web portal.
Mechanisms of Hyperresponsiveness: Platelet-activating Factor (1992)

"Mechanisms of Hyperresponsiveness: Platelet-activating Factor." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 145(2_pt_2), pp. S31–S33
Legislative (1991)

As Congress convenes again and enters a new budget cycle, it theoretically follows a two‐tiered approach to funding a program. First, a congressional committee is supposed to authorize spending for a program, and then another committee appropriates the money for it. Authorizing committees are also charged with overseeing and adjusting programs. One authorizing committee, however—the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee, newly chaired by George A. Brown (D‐CA)— has lost some of its power to formulate the nation's science policy to the House Appropriations Committee. One of Brown's challenges—cited by observers—is to regain some of his committee's old control on setting the course of science.
Property Rights--Are There Any (1963)

There were.Individuals had rights as to their property just as they had as to their lives and liberty.The Magna Carta provided that no freeman should be imprisoned, dispossessed, banished or destroyed "excepting by the legal judgment of his peers or by the laws of the land." 1 In 1354, Parliament declared that no man should be put out of land or tenement, nor taken, nor imprisoned, nor disinherited, nor put to death, without being brought in answer by due process of law. 2 These were the English concepts of rightsthose of property and those of person on a parity.English precedent played an essential part in the early history of American constitutional development.The Magna Carta especially came to be regarded by the colonists, the great majority of whom came from England, as a generic term for all documents of constitutional significance.The Virginia Charter of 1606 established the principle that the American colonists were entitled to the rights of Englishmen. 3 The Charter of Massachusetts Bay 4 so pro-* Member of the Georgia Bar.
Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF-κB (2001)

The nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) encoded by the human hepatitis C virus RNA genome is shown here to induce the activation of NF-kappaB and STAT-3 transcription factors from its cytoplasmic residence via oxidative stress. NS5A causes the disturbance of intracellular calcium. Ca2+ signaling triggers the elevation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, leading to the translocation of NF-kappaB and STAT-3 into the nucleus. Evidence is presented for the constitutive activation of STAT-3 by NS5A. In the presence of antioxidants [pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetyl l-cysteine (NAC)] or Ca2+ chelators (EGTA-AM, TMB-8), NS5A-induced activation of NF-kappaB and STAT-3 was eliminated. These results provide an insight into the mechanism by which NS5A can alter intracellular events relevant to liver pathogenesis associated with the viral infection.
Genome-wide mapping of FOXM1 binding reveals co-binding with estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells (2013)

These findings reveal a novel role for FOXM1 in ERα transcriptional activity in breast cancer and uncover a FOXM1-regulated gene signature associated with ER-positive breast cancer patient prognosis.
Development of chimeric laccases by directed evolution (2012)

DNA recombination methods are useful tools to generate diversity in directed evolution protein engineering studies. We have designed an array of chimeric laccases with high-redox potential by in vitro and in vivo DNA recombination of two fungal laccases (from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and PM1 basidiomycete), which were previously tailored by laboratory evolution for functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The laccase fusion genes (including the evolved α-factor prepro-leaders for secretion in yeast) were subjected to a round of family shuffling to construct chimeric libraries and the best laccase hybrids were identified in dual high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. Using this approach, we identified chimeras with up to six crossover events in the whole sequence, and we obtained active hybrid laccases with combined characteristics in terms of pH activity and thermostability.
Natriuretic peptide receptors on human trabecular meshwork cells (1996)

The effects of natriuretic peptides on cGMP formation and [125I]ANP binding in human trabecular meshwork cells were investigated. CNP at 1 microM stimulated cGMP formation approximately 18-25 fold, with a half maximal effective concentration approximately 20-30nM. BNP at 1 microM stimulated approximately 7 fold, while ANP stimulated cGMP formation 2-fold at 1 microM but had little or no effect at concentrations below 1 microM. Displacement binding of [125I]ANP to intact TM cells in the presence of unlabeled ANP indicated a single binding site with a dissociation constant approximately 0.15nM.c-ANP, which binds specifically to natriuretic peptide C receptors, displaced > 95% [125I]ANP binding to surface receptor sites with a half-maximal effective concentration comparable to that of ANP or BNP. c-ANP had no inhibitory effect on CNP stimulation of cGMP formation. The data suggest that human TM cells possess natriuretic peptide B receptors as the primary guanylyl cyclase-containing subtype and C receptors as the numerically predominant subtype of natriuretic peptide receptors.
Sea-buckthorn juice protects mice against genotoxic action of cisplatin. (2004)

SB juice decreased significantly the genotoxic effect of CP at dose of 1.2 mg/kg on somatic (bone marrow) and germ (sperm) cells of mice. At higher dose of the drug the effects was not statistically significant.
VISTA: visual interpretation system for technical applications -architecture and use (1988)

The present state of the construction of a vision system for the fast interpretation of complicated industrial scenes is reported. The system is being built at the Fraunhofer Institute for Information and Data Process in Karlsruhe, West Germany. The scenes for which the system is intended are also presented. They form the basis for specifying the requirements for the system called VISTA. Its principal architecture as a bus-oriented multiprocessor system is discussed. Some special hardware modules of VISTA are described in more detail, and its basic software concept is introduced. As an application, detection and classification of defects that appear in automatic visual inspection of hard wood are reviewed. Using special modules for the iconic and the symbolic stage, VISTA is capable of real-time processing and evaluation of endless images, image sequences, images of various formats, and multisensorial data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>