gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VIP‐ and PACAP‐mediated nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibition in longitudinal muscle of rat distal colon: involvement of activation of charybdotoxin‐ and apamin‐sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channels (1996)

1. The mediators of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory responses in longitudinal muscle of rat distal colon were studied. 2. An antagonist of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) receptors, PACAP6-38, concentration-dependently inhibited the rapid relaxation of the longitudinal muscle induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS), resulting in a maximal inhibition of 47% at 3 microM. 3. PACAP6-38 inhibited the relaxation by 75% in the presence of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, VIP10-28 at 3 microM, which inhibited the relaxation by 44%. 4. An antagonist of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, charybdotoxin, concentration-dependently inhibited the rapid relaxation of the longitudinal muscle, resulting in a maximal inhibition of 58% at 100 nM. 5. An antagonist of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, apamin, concentration-dependently inhibited the relaxation (58% at 1 microM). 6. Treatment with both K+ channel antagonists resulted in 84% inhibition of the EFS-induced relaxation, which is comparable to the extent of inhibition induced by PACAP6-38 plus VIP10-28. 7. The inhibitory effect of VIP10-28 and of apamin, but not of charybdotoxin was additive: the same applied to PACAP6-38 and charybdotoxin, but not apamin. 8. Exogenously added VIP (100 nM 1 microM) induced a slow gradual relaxation of the longitudinal muscle. Charybdotoxin, but not apamin significantly inhibited the VIP-induced relaxation VIP10-28, but not PACAP6-38 selectively inhibited the VIP-induced relaxation. 9. Exogenously added PACAP (10-100 nM) also induced slow relaxation. Apamin and to a lesser extent, charybdotoxin, inhibited the PACAP-induced relaxation. PACAP6-38, but not VIP10-28 selectively inhibited the PACAP-induced relaxation. 10. Apamin at 100 nM inhibited inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.ps) induced by a single pulse of EFS Apamin also inhibited a rapid phase, but not a delayed phase of i.j.ps induced by two pulses at 10 Hz. VIP10-28 did not inhibit i.j.ps induced by a single pulse, but significantly inhibited the delayed phase at two pulses. A combination of apamin and VIP10-28 abolished the i.j.ps induced by two pulses. 11. Both VIP and PACAP induced slow hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of the longitudinal muscle. Apamin inhibited the PACAP-, but not VIP-induced hyperpolarization. 12. From these findings it is suggested that VIP and PACAP are involved in NANC inhibitory responses of longitudinal muscle of the rat distal colon via activation of charybdotoxin- and apamin-sensitive K+ channels, respectively.
Combinatorial Signals of Activin/Nodal and Bone Morphogenic Protein Regulate the Early Lineage Segregation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Cell fate commitment of pre-implantation blastocysts, to either the inner cell mass or trophoblast, is the first step in cell lineage segregation of the developing human embryo. However, the intercellular signals that control fate determination of these cells remain obscure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a unique model for studying human early embryonic development. We have previously shown that Activin/Nodal signaling contributes to maintaining pluripotency of hESCs, which are derivatives of the inner cell mass. Here we further demonstrate that the inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling results in the loss of hESC pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation, similar to BMP4-induced trophoblast differentiation from hESCs. We also show that the trophoblast induction effect of BMP4 correlates with and depends on the inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling. However, the activation of BMP signaling is still required for trophoblast differentiation when Activin/Nodal signaling is inhibited. These data reveal that the early lineage segregation of hESCs is determined by the combinatorial signals of Activin/Nodal and BMP.
Partial discharge. II. Detection sensitivity (1990)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.6, no.4, p.33-9 (1990). Options for detecting and characterizing the signal generated by a partial discharge (PD) within a test piece or test configuration are examined. Important parameters considered include minimum detectable signal (PD sensitivity), circuit time constants that limit PD waveform characterization (where this may be desirable), and general applicability of the detection scheme. In general, it is found that detection schemes that are most sensitive tend to be somewhat application specific, whereas detection schemes that are of general applicability tend to sacrifice some sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of bioluminescence in a recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

Abstract Six toxicants were evaluated for their ability to inhibit bioluminescence in a recombinant Escherichia coli harboring pJE202 that contained the lux (light‐producing) genes. With the recombinant E coli . the rank order for toxicity was Zn 2+ > ethidium bromide > sodium pentachlorophenate > Cu 2+ > 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The light‐producing recombinant E. coli was insensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, and was much less sensitive than the Microtox test with the six toxicants. These results do not preclude the use of recombinant bacteria in toxicity testing.
Development of an Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System Using a Digital Terrain Database (1989)

Several ground collision avoidance systems (GCAS) have been developed to warn the pilot of a potential collision with the terrain is some action is not taken. All current systems have shortcomings pertaining to the sensors that are used and the recovery maneuver that is flown. The USAF is evaluating the potential of digital terrain databases for onboard navigation and terrain avoidance in combat aircraft. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a control system for performing terrain avoidance using a simulated terrain database. This study was conducted for an F-16 aircraft in level flight at 0.6 Mach and sea level conditions. A state-space model of the aircraft and its flight control system was developed using aircraft control derivatives, an F-16 control law diagram, and traditional linearization techniques on the aircraft equations of motion. A control system for implementing terrain avoidance was derived based on the look-ahead capability of the terrain database. Control system response was evaluated using a simulated terrain obstacle and various look-ahead distances on the terrain database. Results indicated that a 1200 foot, or roughly 1.8 second, look-ahead distance provided good improvement in terrain avoidance capabilities for the F-16 compared to looking strictly downward from the aircraft for terrain information. Theses.
Double clad tapered fiber for high power applications (2008)

We report a novel type of active fiber - tapered double clad fiber suitable for pumping by low brightness sources with large beam parameter product of 50/300 mm x mrad. Ytterbium double clad all-silica fiber (core/1(st) clad/2(nd) clad diameters 27/834/890 mum, NA(core)=0.11, NA(clad)=0.21), tapered down by a factor 4.8 for a length of 10.5 m was drawn from a preform fabricated by plasma chemical technologies. At a moderate Yb-ion concentration and 1:31 core/cladding ratio, the tapered double clad fiber demonstrates 0.9 dB/m pump absorption at 976 nm and excellent lasing slope efficiency. An ytterbium fiber laser with 84 W of output power and 92% slope efficiency, a 74 W superfluorescent source with 85% slope efficiency and amplifiers operating both in CW and pulsed regimes have been realized. All devices demonstrated robust single mode operation with a beam quality factor of M(2)=1.07.
Dl‐3.5.3′.5′‐Tetramethyl‐Thyronin (1957)

Abstract dl‐3.5.3′.5′‐Tetramethyl‐thyronin (II) wird, ausgehend von 2.6‐Dimethylanilin, in 10 Stufen mit einer Gesamtausbeute von 5% d. Th. dargestellt. Seine Eigenschaften werden mit denen von dl‐Thyronin, dl‐Thyroxin, dl‐3.5.3′.5′‐Tetranitro‐thyronin und entsprechend substituierten Thio‐thyroninen verglichen.
Acoustic-Surface-Wave Isolator (1972)

A 200-MHz acoustic-surface-wave isolator has been constructed employing an epitaxial layer of Ga-doped YIG on a gadolinium gallium garnet substrate.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy May Benefit Patients with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction &gt;35%: A PROSPECT Trial Substudy (2010)

Patients with LVEF >35%, New York heart association functional Class III-IV status, and QRS >130 ms appear to derive clinical and structural benefit from CRT. As CRT may offer a valuable option for these patients, this hypothesis should be formally tested in a prospective, randomized multicentre trial.
LAMINATION DEFECTS IN RIMMING STEEL SLABS (1959)

An extraordinarily large gas pocket formed during the rolling of a rimming steel slab was
studied. Results of investigation indicated that the serious lamination defects that often occurred
in such slabs were due to the presence in large rimming steel ingots of central cavities that (1) con-
tained gases at high pressure, (2) were surrounded by heavily segregated metal, and (3) were
loaded at their surfaces with non-metallic substances. During the rolling operation these cavities
failed to weld up. On the contrary, the solid walls dividing neighbouring cavities were pushed
open and, as a result, a large discontinuity remained in the rolled slab. It was found that after
shearing the slab and thus exposing the discontinuity to atmosphere, in most cases such discon-
tinuities could weld up during subsequent rolling into plates.
 Lower tapping temperature and lower pouring temperature (speed) were found effective to
lessen lamination rejects.
Phase Correction of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectra Using MatLab (2011)

FT-ICR mass spectrometry has been limited to magnitude mode for almost 40 years due to the data processing methods used. However, it is well known that phase correction of the data can theoretically produce an absorption-mode spectrum with a mass-resolving power that is as much as twice as high as conventional magnitude mode, and that it also improves the quality of the peak shape. Temporally dispersed frequency sweep excitation followed by a time delay before detection results in a steep quadratic variation in the signal phase with frequency. Viewing this, it is possible to find the correct phase function by performing a quadratic least squares fit, modified by iterating through phase cycles until the correct quadratic function is found. Here, we present a robust manual method to rotate these signals mathematically and generate a "phased" absorption-mode spectrum. The method can, in principle, be automated. Baseline correction is also included to eliminate the accompanying baseline drift. The resulting experimental FT-ICR absorption-mode spectra exhibit a resolving power that is at least 50% higher than that of the magnitude mode.
EFFICIENT LINEAR APPROXIMATIONS TO STOCHASTIC VEHICULAR COLLISION-AVOIDANCE PROBLEMS (2005)

The key components of an intelligent vehicular collision-avoidance system are sensing, evaluation, and decision making. We focus on the latter task of finding (approximately) optimal collision-avoidance control policies, a problem naturally modeled as a Markov decision process. However, standard MDP models scale exponentially with the number of state features, rendering them inept for large-scale domains. To address this, factored MDP representations and approximation methods have been proposed. We approximate collisionavoidance factored MDP using a composite approximate linear programming approach that symmetrically approximates objective functions and feasible regions of the LP. We show empirically that, combined with a novel basis-selection method, this produces high-quality approximations at very low computational cost.
Central Nervous System Depressants. VIII. Pyroles. (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentral Nervous System Depressants. VIII. Pyroles.Robert MoffettCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 6, 1251–1252Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online20 September 2004Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00312a604https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00312a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of Nitrogen on the Growth Mechanism of Decorated C:N Nanotubes (2001)

Nanotubes like feather boas were synthesised by the decomposition of methane in a nitrogen atmosphere using a bias-enhanced hot-filament chemical vapour deposition technique. This new type of slightly nitrogenated carbon (C:N) nanotubes exhibits a vermicular shape. Graphitic thin foils growing perpendicular to the tube axis typically cover the surface of each C:N tube. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the graphitic structure to be characterised by strong disorder at different length scales. The role of small amounts of nitrogen, which affects the structural formation of the growing C:N tubes, is discussed.
Toward Optimization of Imaging System and Lymphatic Tracer for Near-Infrared Fluorescent Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Breast Cancer (2011)

We describe the clinical translation of a new NIR fluorescence imaging system and define the optimal ICG:HSA dose range for SLN mapping in breast cancer.
Mechanisms and implications of platelet discoid shape (2003)

The platelet marginal band consists of a single peripheral microtubule (MT) that is wound in 8 to 12 coils and maintains discoid cell shape. About 90% of beta-tubulin in the marginal band is of the divergent, megakaryocyte (MK)/platelet-restricted beta1 isoform. beta1-tubulin-null mice show reduced proplatelet formation, thrombocytopenia, and platelet spherocytosis. Here, we show that structural abnormalities in resting beta1-tubulin-/- platelets include frequent kinks and breaks in the marginal band. Platelets derived from mice lacking the transcription factor GATA1 show similar defects, probably as a direct consequence of absent beta1-tubulin. beta1-tubulin+/- platelets have normal ratios of beta-tubulin isotypes but the marginal band is half the normal thickness, which is sufficient to maintain elliptical cell shape. Thus, a threshold 50% or less of the normal amount of beta1-tubulin is required to preserve marginal band integrity and cell shape. beta1-tubulin-/- platelets have normal size and contents and show no defects in serotonin release or aggregation. Accordingly, the apparently isolated spherocytosis allows investigation of the role of discoid platelet shape in hemostasis. On agonist stimulation, the disorganized MTs in beta1-tubulin-/- platelets fail to condense into central rings and instead are dispersed in short bundles and linear arrays. Nevertheless, intravital microscopy and flow chamber studies demonstrate full functionality of these spherocytic platelets under physiologic shear conditions. Together, these findings highlight the essential requirements of the MK/platelet-restricted beta1-tubulin isoform in platelet structure and suggest that spherocytosis does not impair many aspects of platelet function.
Wireless Location Tracking Algorithms for Environments with Insufficient Signal Sources (2009)

Location estimation and tracking for the mobile devices have attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years. The network-based location estimation schemes have been widely adopted based on the radio signals between the mobile device and the base stations. The location estimators associated with the Kalman filtering techniques are exploited to both acquire location estimation and trajectory tracking for the mobile devices. However, most of the existing schemes become inapplicable for location tracking due to the deficiency of signal sources. In this paper, two predictive location tracking algorithms are proposed to alleviate this problem. The predictive location tracking (PLT) scheme utilizes the predictive information obtained from the Kalman filter in order to provide the additional signal inputs for the location estimator. Furthermore, the geometric-assisted PLT (GPLT) scheme incorporates the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) information into the algorithm design. Persistent accuracy for location tracking can be achieved by adopting the proposed GPLT scheme, especially with inadequate signal sources. Numerical results demonstrate that the GPLT algorithm can achieve better precision in comparison with other network-based location tracking schemes.
Taxonomic and Strain-Specific Identification of the Probiotic Strain <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> 35 within the <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Group (2008)

Lactobacilli are lactic acid bacteria that are widespread in the environment, including the human diet and gastrointestinal tract. Some Lactobacillus strains are regarded as probiotics because they exhibit beneficial health effects on their host. In this study, the long-used probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus 35 was characterized at a molecular level and compared with seven reference strains from the Lactobacillus casei group. Analysis of rrn operon sequences confirmed that L. rhamnosus 35 indeed belongs to the L. rhamnosus species, and both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and ribotyping showed that it is closer to the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (also known as L. rhamnosus GG) than to the species type strain. In addition, L. casei ATCC 334 gathered in a coherent cluster with L. paracasei type strains, unlike L. casei ATCC 393, which was closer to L. zeae; this is evidence of the lack of relatedness between the two L. casei strains. Further characterization of the eight strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis repetitive DNA element-based PCR identified distinct patterns for each strain, whereas two isolates of L. rhamnosus 35 sampled 40 years apart could not be distinguished. By subtractive hybridization using the L. rhamnosus GG genome as a driver, we were able to isolate five L. rhamnosus 35-specific sequences, including two phage-related ones. The primer pairs designed to amplify these five regions allowed us to develop rapid and highly specific PCR-based identification methods for the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus 35.
High finesse microfiber knot resonators made from double-ended tapered fibers (2011)

We fabricated optical microfiber knot resonators from thin tapered fibers (diameter down to 1 μm) linked to untapered fiber at both ends. We demonstrated a finesse of about 100, over twice as high as previously reported for microfiber resonators. Low-loss encapsulation of microfiber knot resonators in hydrophobic silica aerogel was also investigated.
Materials for Nonlinear Optics (1991)

In this introductory chapter the concepts of linear and nonlinear polarization are discussed. Both classical and quantum mechanical descriptions of polarizability based on potential surfaces and the "sum over states" formalism are outlined. In addition, it is shown how nonlinear polarization of electrons gives rise to a variety of useful nonlinear optical effects.
Phonon-assisted Auger recombination in germanium (1976)

The rate of phonon-assisted electron–hole–hole Auger recombination in germanium is calculated using second-order perturbation theory and optical absorption data. By this semi-empirical approach, a difficulty inherent in the perturbation theory is evaded. The result indicates that the phonon-assisted Auger process which is nearly temperature-independent, competes successfully with the phonon-less Auger process at about room temperature and will predominate at lower temperatures. Since the theoretical basis has recently been called in question, the absolute value is uncertain, but is nevertheless compatible with the experimental results. Die Geschwindigkeit der phononbegleiteten Elektron–Loch–Loch-Auger-Rekombination in Germanium wurde mit Hilfe der Störungstheorie zweiter Ordnung und von Daten für die optische Absorption berechnet. Mit dieser halbempirischen Methode wird eine Schwierigkeit umgangen, die der Störungstheorie eigen ist. Das Ergebnis zeigt, daß der phonon-begleitete Auger-Prozeß, der von der Temperatur nahezu unabhängig ist, bei Zimmer-temperatur mit dem phononlosen Auger-Prozeß konkurrieren kann und bei niedrigerer Temperatur vorherrscht. Weil die theoretischen Grundlagen kürzlich angezweifelt wurden, ist der absolute Wert unsicher, aber trotzdem mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verträglich.
Ecological control of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of probiotic flora (1998)

The "new" lifestyle-a threat to health? It is increasingly evident that human diseases are most often related to lifestyle, and should in theory be preventable. The stress of modern life, our reduced physical activity, and our consumption of manipulated and processed foods, and of chemicals-including pharmaceuticals-all contribute to our decreasing resistance to disease. Much evidence supports the fact that our genes, adapted during millions of years to the lifestyle of our prehistoric ancestors, tolerate poorly the dramatic changes in lifestyle that have occurred, especially in food habits during the past 100 years. 1 Changes in food habits in Western countries that no doubt constitute stresses to the human body and that may predispose to inflammatory, infectious, ulcerative, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases include the following: the consumption of 100 lb refined sugar per individual per year; the 10-fold increase in sodium consumption; the fourfold increase in consumption of saturated fat; the doubled consumption of cholesterol; a much reduced consumption of vegetable fibres, and of minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, and chromium; and a considerable reduction in consumption of n-3 fats, membrane lipids, vitamins, and antioxidants. In severe disease, important food ingredients, such as arginine, glutamine, taurine, nucleic acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, such as glutathione, are often not supplied in large enough quantities.