gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimode Er-doped fiber for single-transverse-mode amplification (1999)

We demonstrate that spatial distribution and doping level of the active ions can be designed to provide efficient fundamental mode selection in multimode erbium-doped fiber at high output power. As a result an improvement in scaling fiber devices with single-transverse-mode output to higher power levels is achieved through an increase in mode–field area. It was found that pump-induced guiding contribute the light propagation in a multimode fiber amplifier.
Molecular Modeling Approach to Determine the Flory‐Huggins Interaction Parameter for Polymer Miscibility Analysis (2018)

In this work, we present a thorough procedure for estimating the Flory-Huggins χ-parameter for use in atomistic and mesoscale molecular simulations in computational materials science. In particular, we propose improvements upon traditional Flory-Huggins theory by implementing a Connolly volume normalization (CVN). We apply this technique to several test systems, including a blend of poly (epichlorohydrin) and poly (methyl acrylate), a blend of polyethylene glycol and poly (methyl methacrylate), a blend of polystyrene and deuterated polystyrene, and three molecular-weight variants (monomer, dimer, and trimer) of a triblock copolymer for use in multicompartment micelle applications. Our results demonstrate that the newly developed procedure offers high accuracy and efficiency in predicting the Flory-Huggins χ-parameter for miscibility analysis compared to traditional experimental and computational methods. There are still several factors that cause the magnitude of the χ-parameter to vary between simulations performed on molecular species with the same identity but different degrees of polymerization; although we discuss possible explanations for these factors, this is nonetheless a primary focus for further exploration into this new methodology.
Phospholipid-Based Signaling in Plants (2003)

Phospholipids are emerging as novel second messengers in plant cells. They are rapidly formed in response to a variety of stimuli via the activation of lipid kinases or phospholipases. These lipid signals can activate enzymes or recruit proteins to membranes via distinct lipid-binding domains, where the local increase in concentration promotes interactions and downstream signaling. Here, the latest developments in phospholipid-based signaling are discussed, including the lipid kinases and phospholipases that are activated, the signals they produce, the domains that bind them, the downstream targets that contain them and the processes they control.
<title>Development of a stereoscopic haptic acoustic real-time computer (SHARC)</title> (1998)

The Stereoscopic Haptic Acoustic Real-Time Computer (SHARC) is a multi-sensory computer system which integrates technologies for autostereoscopic display, acoustic sensing and rendering, and haptic interfaces into the same computing environment. This paper describes the system organization and the interface between different sensory components. This paper also discusses our findings from developing and using the SHARC system in application to a virtual environment in terms of interface, speed, and bandwidth issues, together with recommendations for future work in this area.
Application Insight Through Performance Modeling (2007)

Tuning the performance of applications requires understanding the interactions between code and target architecture. This paper describes a performance modeling approach that not only makes accurate predictions about the behavior of an application on a target architecture for different inputs, but also provides guidance for tuning by high-lighting the factors that limit performance in each section of a program. We introduce two new performance metrics that estimate the maximum gain expected from tuning different parts of an application, or from increasing the number of machine resources. We show how this metric helped identify a bottleneck in the ASCI SweepSD benchmark where the lack of instruction-level parallelism limited performance. Transforming one frequently executed loop to ameliorate this bottleneck improved performance by 16% on an Itanium2 system.
Zatocoding applied to mechanical organization of knowledge (1951)

Abstract The mechanical organization of knowledge for retrieval of stored information can no longer neglect the developments of point‐to‐point communication theory, since both deal with information and handle it by machines. The most versatile retrieval systems are those which delegate a separate tally to each information item, and which impress marks on the tally for the machine to read and to use for selective purposes. Coding is the relationship between these marks and the intellectual content of the information items. Coding determines the complexity of the selective machine and the utility of the whole process. A set of invariant coding principles is stated which define maximum coding efficiency for any tally selecting machines, and parallels are drawn between these principles and the conclusions of modern point‐to‐point communication theory. Zatocoding is defined—the system which superimposes random subject code patterns on the tally—and it is found to obey each of the invariant principles of coding efficiency while still allowing the simplest possible selector machine structure.
Convolutive Blind Source Separation Using an Iterative Least-Squares Algorithm for Non-Orthogonal Approximate Joint Diagonalization (2015)

In this paper, we present an approach of recovering signal waveforms of speech sources from observed signals in noisy and reverberant environments. The approach is based on approximate joint diagonalization estimate to provide interference suppression of source signals and reduce echoes and distortions of separated signals. In the proposed approach, the mixing matrix is estimated by minimizing the constrained direct least-squares (LS) criterion in direct model. Exclusively under the condition where the estimated mixing matrix is not of full rank, it is replaced by a full-rank matrix. The unmixing matrix from the estimated mixing matrix is obtained by setting the frequency response of the composite mixing-unmixing filter to identity matrix. The cross-spectral density diagonal matrices of the source signals are precisely estimated by minimizing the indirect LS criterion in indirect model. These operations are fulfilled by using alternating least-squares algorithm. The correlation between the interfrequency power ratios is used to prevent a misalignment permutation of the unmixing matrix. Finally, we compare the proposed BSS with a number of conventional BSS methods in noisy and reverberant environments under both artificial and actual conditions.
New results on the thermal sensitivity of bulk and surface modes of gallium orthophosphate GaPO/sub 4/ (2002)

Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO/sub 4/) is a piezoelectric crystal with the same class of symmetry as quartz, exhibiting higher electromechanical coupling factors for both bulk and surface waves. In this paper the results obtained for velocity measurements of bulk modes of GaPO/sub 4/ at low temperatures (from 4 K to 273 K) using the pulse-echo technique are presented. A set of elastic constants is derived together with their temperature coefficients, and a comparison is made with recent values proposed by Krempl et al. GaPO/sub 4/ already appears as an acoustic material with an exceptional temperature stability, superior to quartz. In parallel, results on the thermal sensitivity of Rayleigh surface waves on GaPO/sub 4/ are presented. A temperature-compensated cut at 75/spl deg/C has been found on a Z-cut plate exhibiting a parabolic frequency-temperature dependance with a 2nd order temperature coefficient of about 25/spl times/10/sup -9/ K/sup -2/, better than the conventional (ST, X) SAW cut of quartz.
Reaction of alkali metal cyanides with alkyl halides in HMPA or HMPA containing crown ether (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of alkali metal cyanides with alkyl halides in HMPA or HMPA containing crown etherJames E. Shaw, David Y. Hsia, Gregory S. Parries, and Tomi K. SawyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 1017–1018Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views531Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Survivorship Analysis of Implant Arthroplasty for the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (1994)

During a 21-year period at the authors' institution, 93 primary implants of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were performed on 79 patients (12 men and 67 women). Their mean age was 56 years (range, 19 to 75 years). The average duration of follow-up evaluation in 75 patients who were alive and without reoperation was 12 years (range, two to 17 years). With the proportional hazards general linear model, young age was identified as a significant risk factor for poor survival: at ten years, implant survival was 82% in patients 57 years of age or younger, and 90% in patients older than 57 years. The overall probability that an implant would not have been removed was 86% at ten years after arthroplasty and 82% at 15 years.
Material parameters of In1−<i>x</i>Ga<i>x</i>As<i>y</i>P1−<i>y</i> and related binaries (1982)

Various models for calculation of physical parameters in compound alloys are discussed and the results for In1−x Gax Asy P1−y quaternaries are presented. The model used is based on a linear interpolation scheme, and therefore necessitates known values of the parameters for the related binary and ternary alloys. The material parameters considered in the present study can be classified into the following eleven groups: (1) lattice constant and crystal density, (2) thermal expansion coefficient, (3) electronic-band structure, (4) external perturbation effect on the lowest-direct gap, (5) effective mass, (6) dielectric constant, (7) Fröhlich coupling parameter, (8) elastic properties, (9) piezoelectric properties, (10) deformation potential, and (11) excitonic effect. Of particular interest is the deviation of material parameters from linearity with respect to the alloy composition. It is found that the present model provides generally acceptable parameters, in good agreement with the existing experimental data. A detailed discussion is also given on the acceptability of such interpolated parameters from an aspect of the solid-state physics. Key properties of the material parameters for a variety of In1−x Gax Asy P1−y device applications are also discussed.
Si (111) substrates as highly effective pseudomasks for selective growth of GaN material and devices by ammonia-molecular-beam epitaxy (2006)

The unique property of Si (111) as effective pseudomask substrate for selective growth of GaN by ammonia-molecular-beam epitaxy is reported. The critical nucleation temperature of GaN on Si (111) surface is found to be as low as 700°C, much lower than that on sapphire or AlN surface. As a result, selective growth of GaN is possible by ammonia-molecular-beam epitaxy on Si (111) substrates using a patterned AlN buffer layer. The wide range of growth temperatures (700–900°C) available for selective growth is a critical advantage for control and optimization of the facet characteristics of the selectively grown GaN patterns as required for potential fabrication of site-specific GaN or InGaN quantum dots. The demonstrated ease of selective growth of GaN on silicon has also implications in potential on-chip integration of GaN devices with silicon devices.
Reliability modeling of multiple performance based on degradation values distribution (2016)

In practical engineering, reliability analysis of products plays an important role in assessing the corresponding remaining life. Products often have more than one failure mechanism, which means reliability should be evaluated by two or more performance characteristics. To resolve the above problem, based on the degradation values distribution method utilization, copula functions as the link functions of their marginal distributions are introduced in this study. The performance characteristics are also considered the dependent as well as independent to make a comparison. Moreover, a framework for reliability assessment of products with the multiple performance degradation is developed. Finally, the proposed methodology and model is validated effectively by the fatigue cracks data from the literature. From the results, we can see that the proposed model is more accurate.
A component-based groupware development methodology (2002)

Software development in general and groupware applications in particular can greatly benefit from the reusability and interoperability aspects associated with software components. Component-based software development enables the construction of software artefacts by assembling prefabricated, configurable and independently evolving buildings blocks, called software components. This paper presents a methodology for the development of groupware applications using a set of composable software components. This methodology consists of splitting the software development process according to four abstraction levels, viz., enterprise, system, component and object, and three different views, viz., structural, behavioural and interactional. The use of different abstraction levels and views allows a better control of the development process. We illustrate this methodology using a chat application as a case study.
Structural Significance of the C-terminal Amphiphilic Helix of Interleukin-2 (1989)

The structural significance of C-terminal amphiphilic alpha-helix of human interleukin-2 has been investigated using principles of protein design. Employing disulfide-mediated semi-synthesis, several multiple residue substitution patterns were studied in order to provide rapid insight into the most appropriate features to incorporate into fully recombinant proteins. Substitutions directed toward both stabilization and destabilization of the helix resulted in proteins with modulated bioactivity. Circular dichroism verified the conformational integrity and thermal stability of the derivatives. The biologic characteristics of each derivative were evaluated in the standard murine CTLL-2 assay and compared to activities exhibited in both human T-cell bioactivity and binding assay. A strategy for the design of protein ligand agonists and antagonists without knowledge of receptor contact residues is discussed.
Material and electrical characterization of carbon-doped Ta2O5 films for embedded dynamic random access memory applications (2002)

This work is a systematic study of carbon incorporation in Ta2O5 and its effect on the material and electrical properties of Ta2O5, a promising replacement for silicon oxide in embedded dynamic random access memory applications. Using pulsed-dc reactive and rf-magnetron sputtering of Ta2O5 performed in an argon/oxygen/carbon-dioxide plasma, we have methodically doped the Ta2O5 films with carbon. In thick (70 nm) Ta2O5 films, an optimal amount (0.8–1.4 at. %) of carbon doping reduced the leakage current to 10−8 A/cm2 at +3 MV/cm, a four orders of magnitude reduction compared to a leakage current of 10−4 A/cm2 in an undoped Ta2O5 film grown in similar conditions without CO2 in the plasma. This finding suggests that carbon doping can further improve the dielectric leakage property at an optimal concentration. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of carbonate (carbon bonded to three oxygen) in these electrically improved carbon-doped films. Analysis by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Nomarsky microscopy exhibited no morphological or structural changes in these carbon-doped thin films. Moreover, carbon doping showed no improvement in the leakage current in thin (10 nm) Ta2O5 films. This phenomenon is explained by a defect compensation mechanism in which the carbon-related defects remove carriers at low concentrations but form a hopping conduction path at high concentrations.
Heat-shock protein 104 expression is sufficient for thermotolerance in yeast. (1996)

In all organisms, mild heat pretreatments induce tolerance to high temperatures. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such pretreatments strongly induce heat-shock protein (Hsp) 104, and hsp104 mutations greatly reduce high-temperature survival, indicating Hsp1O4 plays a critical role in induced thermotolerance. Surprisingly, however, a heat-shock transcription factor mutation (hsf1-m3) that blocks the induction of Hsps does not block induced thermotolerance. To resolve these apparent contradictions, we reexamined Hsp expression in hsf1-m3 cells. HsplO4 was expressed at a higher basal level in this strain than in other S. cerevisiae strains. Moreover, whereas the hsf1-m3 mutation completely blocked the induction of Hsp26 by heat, it did not block the induction of Hsp1O4. HSP104 could not be deleted in hsf1-m3 cells because the expression of heat-shock factor (and the viability of the strain) requires nonsense suppression mediated by the yeast prion [PSI+], which in turn depends upon Hsp1O4. To determine whether the level of Hsp1O4 expressed in hsf1-m3 cells is sufficient for thermotolerance, we used heterologous promoters to regulate Hsp1O4 expression in other strains. In the presence of other inducible factors (with a conditioning pretreatment), low levels of Hsp1O4 are sufficient to provide full thermotolerance. More remarkably, in the absence of other inducible factors (without a pretreatment), high levels of Hsp1O4 are sufficient. We conclude that Hsp1O4 plays a central role in ameliorating heat toxicity. Because Hsp1O4 is nontoxic and highly conserved, manipulating the expression of Hsp1OO proteins provides an excellent prospect for manipulating thermotolerance in other species.
User-Centered Graphical User Interface Design for GIS (91-6) (1991)

The quality of the user interface has a great bearing on the utility of a geographic information system. The user interface, however, has not been a strong point of GIS (Cowen and Love 1988; Egenhofer and Frank 1988). To increase the efficiency of GIS the user interface must provide a simple conceptual model of what is happening to the database (Collins et al. 1983). It must be easy to learn, appear natural, and independent of implementation complexities such as data structures and algorithms (Eggenhoffer and Frank 1988). In order to do this, the user interface of the GIS should show itself to its user as a system, and not as various collections of data (Driver and Liles 1983). This paper discusses how traditional user interface design focuses on how to best represent the software functionality rather than on how to meet the expectations of the user. User-Centered Design is offered as an alternative that focuses on the two-way mapping between system functionality and the user’s conceptual model of the system. Graphical user interface techniques are discussed as ways of creating the necessary two way mapping and facilitating the usability of GIS systems. User-Centered Design The problem of making GIS useful to people is a user interface design problem rather than an engineering problem. Engineering typically begins by eliminating the subjective factors, but it is exactly the subjective factors that are critical to the usability of information systems. To create a successful user interface the designer must understand how people think and work. The designer must realize that users do not actually use algorithms, data structures, networks, functions or subroutines, even though as
The Role of CARMA1 in T Cells (2013)

Caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein-1 (CARMA1), a member of the membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of kinases, is essential for T lymphocyte activation and proliferation via T-cell receptor (TCR) mediated NF-κB activation. Recent studies suggest a broader role for CARMA1 regulating other T-cell functions as well as a role in non-TCR-mediated signaling pathways important for lymphocyte development and functions. In addition, CARMA1 has been shown to be an important component in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Thus, comprehensively defining its mechanisms of action and regulation could reveal novel therapeutic targets for T-cell-mediated diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Neural Stem Cells against Traumatic Axonal Injury (2011)

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) improves functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previously we demonstrated that human NSCs (hNSCs) via releasing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), preserved cognitive function in rats following parasagittal fluid percussion. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we report that NSC grafts significantly reduce TBI-induced axonal injury in the fimbria and other brain regions by blocking abnormal accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP). A preliminary mass spectrometry proteomics study revealed the opposite effects of TBI and NSCs on many of the cytoskeletal proteins in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the main stress fiber component. Further, Western blot and immunostaining studies confirmed that TBI significantly increased the expression of α-SMA in hippocampal neurons, whereas NSC grafts counteracted the effect of TBI. In an in vitro model, rapid stretch injury significantly shortened lengths of axons and dendrites, increased the expression of both APP and α-SMA, and induced actin aggregation, effects offset by GDNF treatment. These GDNF protective effects were reversed by a GDNF-neutralizing antibody or a specific calcineurin inhibitor, and were mimicked by a specific Rho inhibitor. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that hNSC grafts and treatment with GDNF acutely reduce traumatic axonal injury and promote neurite outgrowth. Possible mechanisms underlying GDNF-mediated neurite protection include balancing the activity of calcineurin, whereas GDNF-induced neurite outgrowth may result from the reduction of the abnormal α-SMA expression and actin aggregation via blocking Rho signals. Our study also suggests the necessity of further exploring the roles of α-SMA in the central nervous system (CNS), which may lead to a new avenue to facilitate recovery after TBI and other injuries.
Effect of Ascorbate on Acrolein Modification of Very Low Density Lipoprotein and Uptake of Oxidized Apolipoprotein E by Hepatocytes (2005)

Acrolein modification of apolipoprotein (apo) E in human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was suppressed by ascorbate. Acrolein-modified apoE in VLDL was not taken up by human hepatoma cell whereas unmodified apoE in the presence of ascorbate was taken up. These results suggest that ascorbate can play an important role in maintaining proper lipoprotein metabolism by the antioxidant effect.