gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New developments in polyurethane and PU/acrylic dispersions (2000)

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) continue to show growth in commercial usage due to the ever increasing environmental legislation to reduce VOC in coating and adhesive materials. The transition from solvent‐based to waterborne has also been facilitated by advances in both the chemistry and technology employed and the formulation expertise required. This has resulted in coating performance that cannot only match but in some cases surpass their solvent‐based counterparts. This paper gives an overview of PUDs and introduces urethane/acrylic hybrids, giving an insight into the chemistry and technology. Particular emphasis is given to new developments and the application areas where they are finding increasing use. Some formulating techniques are also illustrated.
Structure-activity Relationships of <i>N</i>-Methyl-2′-methoxybenzanilides against Rice Blast (1986)

34のN-メチル-2′-メトキシ (置換) ベンズアニリド類を合成し, それらのイネいもち病に対する予防効果を測定した. 安息香酸部分のパラ位への置換は, 活性をかなりの範囲で変化させた. さらに植物の細胞壁のモデルとしてセロファン膜を用い, 付着器からの穿入系の侵入に対するN-メチル-2′-メトキシ-4-置換ベンズアニリド類の阻害活性を測定し, 置換基の物理化学的パラメータと回帰分析により構造と活性の関係を解析した. その結果, 阻害活性は, 置換基の嵩高さと電子的な性質に関係し, 分子の疎水性とパラボリックな関係にあることを認めた.
Effects of Geometric Isomerism and Ligand Substitution in Bifunctional Dinuclear Platinum Complexes on Binding Properties and Conformational Changes in DNA (1995)

The DNA binding profile of a series of dinuclear platinum complexes [{trans-PtCl-(L)2}2H2N(CH2)nNH2]2+ (L = NH3 or py; 1,1/t,t/NH3 and 1,1/t,t/py, respectively) and [{cis-PtCl-(NH3)2H2N(CH2)nNH2]2+ (1,1/c,c/NH3) was examined to compare the effects of geometrical isomerism and the presence of ligands other than NH3 in the coordination sphere. Steric effects, because of the geometry of the leaving groups cis to the diamine bridge or the presence of planar pyridine ligands, result in diminished binding to calf thymus DNA for these isomers. In contrast, the pyridine derivative shows a distinct binding preference for poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) in comparison to both NH3 isomers. Both NH3 complexes induced the B-->Z transition in poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), but the presence of a pyridine ligand stabilized the B conformation. The bifunctional binding of the NH3 isomers results in unwinding of supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA equivalent to cis-DDP, while the unwinding of the pyridine derivative is approximately twice that of the mononuclear trans-[PtCl2(py)2]. DNA-DNA interstrand cross-linking is very efficient for all three agents, but sequencing studies indicated that only the 1,1/t,t/NH3 derivative is capable of forming a (Pt,Pt) intrastrand cross-link to the adjacent guanines of a d(GpG) sequence. The effects on DNA caused by bifunctional binding of dinuclear complexes are compared with those from the mononuclear [PtCl2(NH3)2] isomers. The results are discussed with respect to the antitumor activity of the dinuclear series.
Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation during Exacerbation of Asthma and Its Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroid (1991)

We have compared the inflammatory changes in the bronchial mucosa and the increase in the airway hyperresponsiveness in an asthmatic patient during the deterioration of symptoms. A striking increase in the number of bronchial epithelial eosinophils was associated with an increase in both airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma symptoms. During 16 wk of treatment with the inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, the patient's clinical status and airway hyperresponsiveness improved. This was accompanied by an improvement in the ultrastructure of bronchial mucosa and a decrease in the number of epithelial eosinophils.
Enhanced NH<sub>3</sub> Selective Catalytic Reduction for NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Abatement (2009)

Enhanced NO reduction efficiencies, close to those obtained under the conditions of fast selective catalytic reduction (SCR; see diagram), were achieved over commercial vanadium and iron-exchanged zeolite SCR catalysts at low temperatures (200–300 °C) in the absence of NO2 by reaction of NO with ammonia and an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate.
Food microbiology : fundamentals and frontiers (2013)

Factors of Special Significance to Food Microbiology Microbial Spoilage of Foods Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Mycotoxigenic Molds Viruses Foodborne and Waterborne Parasites Preservatives and Preservation Methods Food Fermentations Advanced Techniques in Food Microbiology Index
Regulation of Immune Gene Expression (1986)

A. Molecular Basis of MHC.- Structure/Function Relationships Among Murine Class II Molecules: Sequence Analysis of l-A cDNA Clones.- Organization and Evolution of Mouse Major Histocompatibility Genes.- Gene Organization and Recombination Hot Spots in the Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex.- Molecular Genetics of Human la Antigens.- Polymorphism in the HLA-D Region.- Biochemical Diversity of the Human MHC Class II Antigens.- B. Molecular Basis of Lymphocyte Activation.- The T-Cell Receptor/T3 Complex.- Structure and Regulation of the Genes Encoding lnterleukin-2 and Its Receptor.- Activation of Precursor and Mature T Lymphocytes via the 50 kD T11 Molecule.- Functional Characterization of Several Steric Domains of the Murine Thy-1 and LFA-1 Molecules.- Interactions Between Protein Kinase C and the T3/T Cell Antigen-Receptor Complex.- C. Molecular Analysis of T Cell Receptors.- Murine T-Cell Receptor Genes and the Problems of Cellular Recognition and Repertoire Selection.- Organization and Expression of Human T-Cell Receptor Genes.- A Fusion Gene of Immunoglobulin and T-Cell Receptor DNA Segments in a Chromosome 14 Inversion of T-Cell Leukemia.- Diversity of T-Cell Receptor Structures Specific for Minimal Peptide/la Determinants: Implications for Immune Response Gene Defects.- A Chromosomal Inversion Generates a Functional T Cell Receptor ? Chain Gene.- D. Antigen Presentation.- Accessory Cells and the Activation and Expression of Different T Cell Functions.- HLA-Linked Immune Suppression Gene Maps Within HLA-DQ Subregion.- Processing and Presentation by Dendritic Cells-The Role of the Lysosome in Antigen Breakdown.- Recognition of Nucleoprotein by Influenza-Specific CTL.- Structural and Conformational Requirements for Ir-Gene-Controlled Myoglobin Epitope Recognition by la-Restricted T Cells and Clones.- E. Hla and Disease.- HLA in Transplantation.- Class III HLA Genes and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- HLA-D Region Expression on Thyrocytes: Role in Stimulating Autoreactive T Cell Clones.- F. T Cell Repertoire.- T-Cell Repertoire Tuning by the MHC in Protection Against Lethal Vims Infection and in Rejection of H-Y Disparate Skin Grafts.- The Influence of the Molecular Context of T-Cell Determinants and the Non-MHC Genetic Context of the H-2b Genes on the Immunogenicity of Lysozyme.- Differential Expression of HLA-DR and DQ Molecules on Activated T Lymphocytes.- Interactions of Majors and Minors as Seen by T-Cells and Other Spectators.- Workshop Summaries.- Relationship of Idiotypes and MHC Networks.- The Relationship of T-Cell Receptors and Factors.- T-B Cell Interactions.- Regulation of Antigen Presentation and T Cell Subsets.- Transfection of MHC Genes.- Tolerance and Development of T Cell Repertoire.
A conjunctive diiodoheptaene for the synthesis of C2-symmetric carotenoids (2013)

(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,15-Diiodo-6,11-dimethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaene, prepared by homometathesis, has been used in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling reactions with the appropriate partners to construct the C2-symmetric carotenoids β,β-carotene, lycopene, synechoxanthin and 4,4'-diapo-ψ,ψ-carotene-4,4'-dial.
Mechanistic Insight into the TiO<sub>2</sub>Photocatalytic Reactions:  Design of New Photocatalysts (2007)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively investigated for the photocatalytic purification of air and water. In this article, we have focused on the mechanisms of the one-electron redox reactions of organic compounds during the TiO2 photocatalytic reactions and on the development of TiO2-based materials. It was clearly demonstrated that the adsorption dynamics of substrates and intermediates, the electronic interaction between TiO2 and adsorbates, and the band structure and morphology of TiO2 nanomaterials are crucial factors for establishing efficient photocatalytic reaction systems. The TiO2-based hybrid nanoparticles with various functional materials, such as polyoxometalates (POMs) and cyclodextrins (CDs), have been fabricated on the basis of the mechanistic aspects. New experimental methods, such as two-color two-laser flash photolysis and single-molecule fluorescence techniques, for the investigation of the TiO2 photocatalytic reactions have been demonstrated.
Correlation of Parkinson Disease Severity and<sup>18</sup>F-DTBZ Positron Emission Tomography (2014)

In PD, 18F-DTBZ PET is a potential imaging biomarker for measuring dopaminergic degeneration in vivo and monitoring the severity of disease.
Plasticity of Hippocampal Circuitry in Alzheimer's Disease (1985)

Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease. An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events.
X‐Irradiation improves mdx mouse muscle as a model of myofiber loss in DMD (1991)

The mdx mouse, although a genetic and biochemical homologue of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), presents a comparatively mild histopathological and clinical phenotype. These differences are partially attributable to the greater efficacy of regeneration in the mdx mouse than in DMD muscle. To lessen this disparity, we have used a single dose of X-irradiation (16 Gy) to inhibit regeneration in one leg of mdx mice. The result is an almost complete block of muscle fiber regeneration leading to progressive loss of muscle fibers and their replacement by loose connective tissue. Surviving fibers are mainly peripherally nucleated and, surprisingly, of large diameter. Thus, X-irradiation converts mdx muscle to a model system in which the degenerative process can be studied in isolation from the complicating effect of myofiber regeneration. This system should be of use for testing methods of alleviating the myofiber degeneration which is common to mdx and DMD.
Network Analysis of Grain Bulk Pore Structure Using High Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography Images (2006)

The knowledge of distribution of pore space inside grain bulks is essential for determining the effect of porosity on the airflow resistance of grains. In this study, the geometry of pore structure and the 3D-distribution of void spaces inside the grain bulks were studied using high resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) images. The quantitative analysis of the architecture, geometry and spatial continuity of the pore network inside grain bulks was done using image processing algorithms. Image analysis methods were applied to the binary 3D X-ray CT images on the spatial distribution of voids to generate the connected, individualized pore objects of different size and shapes. Morphometric parameters such as 3D air path volume distribution, air path thickness, Euler number, fragmentation index, structure model index were calculated three dimensionally based on hexahedral marching cubes volume model and marching cubes 3D surface construction algorithm. The results showed that the connectivity of airspace and the non uniform distribution of void space inside grain bulks were responsible for the difference in resistance to airflow of grain bulks between horizontal and vertical directions.
Preparation and Properties of Polyaniline Composite Films (2002)

Polyaniline (PAn) was synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization. The conductive polymer doped by camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and a matrix polymer,polyamide- 66, polyamide - 1010 or polyamide- 11, were dissolved in m-cresol and the blend solution was cast in a glass and dried for preparing polyaniline composite films.Conductivity was from 10 -6 to 10 0Ω-1·cm-1 with different weight fraction of PAn-CSA. The crystallizttion of the films was studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The treatment of the composite films in different pH value solution would result in decrease of conductivity, especially in an alkaline solution.
Benzene as Bridging Ligand in Main Group Metal‐Transition Metal‐Arene Complexes (1986)

A one-pot synthesis of benzene(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium 3 on a 10-g scale starts from vanadocene 1. Reaction with MeLi or nBuLi (R  Me, nBu) in the presence of 1,3-cyclohexadiene affords the LiV complex 2, the TMEDA analogue of which was used for a structure determination. Alcoholysis of 2 gives the paramagnetic complex 3.
Optical emission spectroscopy of electrical discharge machining plasma (2004)

Plasma created during electrical discharge machining is systematically investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. Typical spectra show a strong H-alpha and continuum radiation, with many lines emitted by impurities coming from electrode and workpiece materials. The dielectric molecules are cracked by the discharge. Changing polarity affects the electrode wear and workpiece erosion rates, which can be qualitatively seen on the spectra. Time-resolved spectroscopy shows that the plasma density reaches 2 x 10(18) cm(-3) at the beginning of the discharge. This extreme density causes the merging of lines, strong Stark broadening and shift of the H-alpha line. Afterwards, the density decreases rapidly with time. The electron temperature remains roughly constant around 0.7 eV. The low temperature and the high density measured prove that the EDM plasma is non-ideal (Gamma similar or equal to 0.45). Absence of the H-beta line, asymmetric shape of the H-alpha line and complex structures around H-alpha are other spectroscopic evidences of the plasma non-ideality.
Proteomic Analysis of and Immune Responses to<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>Lipoproteins (2008)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular gram-negative bacterium and is the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). Although E. chaffeensis induces the generation of several cytokines and chemokines by leukocytes, E. chaffeensis lacks lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Bioinfomatic analysis of the E. chaffeensis genome, however, predicted genes encoding 15 lipoproteins and 3 posttranslational lipoprotein-processing enzymes. The present study showed that by use of multidimensional liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry, all predicted lipoproteins as well as lipoprotein-processing enzymes were expressed by E. chaffeensis cultured in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Consistent with this observation, a signal peptidase II inhibitor, globomycin, was found to inhibit E. chaffeensis infection and lipoprotein processing in HL-60 cell culture. To study in vivo E. chaffeensis lipoprotein expression and host immune responses to E. chaffeensis lipoproteins, 13 E. chaffeensis lipoprotein genes were cloned into a mammalian expression vector. When the DNA constructs were inoculated into naïve dogs, or when dogs were infected with E. chaffeensis, the animals developed delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions at cutaneous sites of the DNA construct deposition and serum antibodies to these lipoproteins. This is the first demonstration of lipoprotein expression and elicitation of immune responses by a member of the order Rickettsiales. Multiple lipoproteins expressed by E. chaffeensis in vitro and in vivo may play key roles in pathogenesis and immune responses in HME.
Towards Performance Modeling as a Service by Exploiting Resource Diversity in the Public Cloud (2016)

Cloud computing platforms such as Amazon EC2, Google Computing Engine, and Microsoft Azure offer dozens of virtual machine (VM) types with a wide range of resource capacity vs. price trade-offs, requiring a customer to consider numerous resource configurations when evaluating service needs. This report investigates the possibility of using the diversity of VM types to predict the performance of new VM types using black box modeling. The performance model used is a multiple linear regression of the average server response time, server load (throughput in requests per second), the number of CPU cores, and the memory in the procured VM. For three commonly used database servers - Redis (key-value stores), Apache Cassandra (NoSQL) and MySQL - the model accuracy increases for larger sets of VMs. e.g., for Redis, the measure of model efficacy improves from 0.4-0.5 with 2 VM types for training and 0.7 for 3 VM types to 0.8 for 4 VM types. These results suggest further interesting research challenges, such as the possibility of automating the process of calibrating performance models using diverse resource types on a public cloud leading to "performance modeling as a service".
<title>Minimum Bayes Risk Image Correlation</title> (1980)

In this paper, the problem of designing a matched filter for image correlation will be treated as a statistical pattern recognition problem. It is shown that, by minimizing a suitable criterion, a matched filter can be estimated which approximates the optimum Bayes discriminant function in a least-squares sense. It is well known that the use of the Bayes discriminant function in target classification minimizes the Bayes risk, which in turn directly minimizes the probability of a false fix. A fast Fourier implementation of the minimum Bayes risk correlation procedure is described.
Processing Spatial-Keyword (SK) Queries in Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR) Systems (2007)

Location-based information contained in publicly available GIS databases is invaluable for many applications such as disaster response, national infrastructure protection, crime analysis, and numerous others. The information entities of such databases have both spatial and textual descriptions. Likewise, queries issued to the databases also contain spatial and textual components, for example, "Find shelters with emergency medical facilities in Orange County," or "Find earthquake-prone zones in Southern California." We refer to such queries as spatial-keyword queries or SK queries for short. In recent times, a lot of interest has been generated in efficient processing of SK queries for a variety of applications from Web-search to GIS decision support systems. We refer to systems built for enabling such applications as Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR) Systems. An example GIR system that we address in this paper is a search engine built on top of hundreds of thousands of publicly available GIS databases. Building a search engine over such large repositories is a challenge. One of the key aspects of such a search engine is the performance. In this paper, we propose a framework for GIR systems and focus on indexing strategies that can process SK queries efficiently. We show through experiments that our indexing strategies lead to significant improvement in efficiency of answering SK queries over existing techniques.
Designed synthesis of uniformly sized iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (2011)

Various magnetic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents owing to their unique characteristics, including efficient contrast effects, biocompatibility, and versatile surface functionalization capability. Nanoparticles with high relaxivity are very desirable because they would increase the accuracy of MRI. Recent progress in nanotechnology enables fine control of the size, crystal structure, and surface properties of iron oxide nanoparticles. In this tutorial review, we discuss how MRI contrast effects can be improved by controlling the size, composition, doping, assembly, and surface properties of iron-oxide-based nanoparticles.
Iodoazomycin Riboside (1-(5′-Iodo-5′-Deoxyribofuranosyl)-2-Nitroimidazole), a Hypoxic Cell Marker: I. Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization (1986)

Misonidazole (MISO), a selective radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells, forms adducts with cellular biomolecules with rates which are 30-50 X higher under hypoxic as compared to aerobic conditions of incubation. This technique of sensitizer adduct formation was proposed as a possible means of measuring the hypoxic fraction of solid tumors by noninvasive procedures. Iodoazomycin riboside (5'-IAZR) and 5'-[125I]AZR were synthesized and chemically characterized. Measurements of in vitro cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing ability with EMT-6 tumor cells in vitro indicated that 5'-IAZR is approximately 3 X more toxic and effective than is azomycin riboside (AZR) and approximately 10 X more toxic and effective than is MISO. 5'-[125I]AZR was shown to selectively bind to hypoxic EMT-6 cells at rates which were 2.5-3 X faster than those of MISO. The absolute rates of binding of 5'-IAZR to hypoxic cells at concentrations of 10-100 microM are the highest observed in this laboratory for any hypoxic cell radiosensitizer tested to date. These data suggest that 5'-IAZR, when labeled with an appropriate radioisotope (e.g., 131I), might be a useful marker for hypoxic cells in solid tumors amenable to noninvasive detection. Additional studies with animal tumor models appear to be warranted.
Structural analysis of life tested 1.3 μm quantum dot lasers (2008)

We present the results of an accelerated life test study of quantum dot lasers operating at 1310 nm. The devices were run at 1 and 2 kA/cm2 (∼10 and ∼70 times Ith, depending on facet coatings), at temperatures of 80 and 100 °C for 1350 h. Some devices, particularly those with higher current densities, showed significant drops in output power and increase in threshold current over this time. The devices were examined using electroluminescence, which shows nonradiative recombination centers in the active region of the device as dark spots. A clear correlation between the density of dark spots and degradation is observed. The defect structure responsible for the dark spots has been identified using conventional and high-resolution cross-section transmission electron microscopy of selected structures. The defects consist of an inverted stacking fault pyramid or microtwin enclosing the dot. The more extensive defects observed after the life test are consistent with their growth by climb, i.e., addition and/or removal of point defects. It is proposed that quantum dot devices show enhanced resistance to the growth of these defects in comparison with quantum well lasers.
Preparation of a specific antibody to methamphetamine. (1977)

N-Carboxymethylmethamphetamine (III) has been synthesized directly from methamphetamine (I) and through a new route starting from ephedrine (IV). This new hapten was conjugated with BSA and the antiserum for I was prepared by immunization of rabbits with the conjugate (VIII). The production of the antibody for I was confirmed by the ring test and Ouchterlony method.