gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A reduces nicotine-enhanced brain reward and nicotine-paired environmental cue functions (2006)

Increasing evidence suggests that enhanced dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) may play a role in mediating the reward and reinforcement produced by addictive drugs and in the attentional processing of drug-associated environmental cues. The meso-accumbens DA system is selectively enriched with DA D3 receptors, a DA receptor subtype increasingly implicated in reward-related brain and behavioural processes. From a variety of evidence, it has been suggested that selective DA D3 receptor antagonism may be a useful pharmacotherapeutic approach for treating addiction. The present experiments tested the efficacy of SB-277011A, a selective DA D3 receptor antagonist, in rat models of nicotine-enhanced electrical brain-stimulation reward (BSR), nicotine-induced conditioned locomotor activity (LMA), and nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Nicotine was given subcutaneously within the dose range of 0.25-0.6 mg/kg (nicotine-free base). SB-277011A, given intraperitoneally within the dose range of 1-12 mg/kg, dose-dependently reduced nicotine-enhanced BSR, nicotine-induced conditioned LMA, and nicotine-induced CPP. The results suggest that selective D3 receptor antagonism constitutes a new and promising pharmacotherapeutic approach to the treatment of nicotine dependence.
CHARACTERIZATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS OF ADSORBED SILICAGEL/WATER BED ACCORDING TO DUBININASTAKHOV AND FREUNDLICH (2005)

Systems of adsorption have been studied as an alternative for the cooling systems for saving electrical energy. The main advantage is the heat as the driving sources, for example, hot water or waste heat, widely used in the industries, and solar energy. The pair adsorbent/ adsorbate determines the behavior of these systems. Therefore, the knowledge of the equilibrium conditions between the adsorbent and the adsorbate is very important. The pair silica gel/water has the advantage of exploiting low-temperature heat sources. In this paper, the equilibrium conditions of the pair silica gel/water were investigated and the data were used to identify the coefficients of Dubinin-Astakhov equation and Freundlich equation. The experiments consisted of measuring temperature and pressure for different adsorbed mass of water in the adsorbent (silica gel). The amount of adsorbed mass (kg) per adsorbent mass (kg) used were: 0.007, 0.013, 0.024, 0.047, 0.092, 0.162 and 0.209. Both equations showed good agreement with experimental data, the coefficients of regression (R2) were 0.991 on the Dubinin-Astakhov equation and 0.993 for the Freundlich equation.
Design and implementation of a sensor network node for ubiquitous computing environment (2003)

"Smart" and "attentive" services using users' context are going to be realized in future ubiquitous computing environment. Sensor network is receiving considerable attention as one of the key technologies to keep track of the users' context in the real world. Conventional sensor network research is mainly aimed at environmental monitoring. However requirements of the sensor network infrastructure for ubiquitous computing is different from the one for conventional environmental monitoring. We have developed a sensor network testbed named "U/sup 3/" to investigate issues that could arise when developing novel applications in a ubiquitous computing environment. U/sup 3/ is a wireless sensor node that is capable of communicating with other nodes to carry sensing data and queries issued by users. In this paper we describe hardware and software architecture of U/sup 3/ and present the performance evaluation of a sample application developed on U/sup 3/.
Determinants of human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Effect of diabetes and obesity on basal- and diet-induced activity. (1975)

The role of insulin in the regulation of human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase was evaluated. Adipose tissue heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (thought to be related to peripheral clearance of plasma triglycerides) was low in insulin-deficient, untreated hyperglycemic diabetic subjects (P less than 0.001) and treatment of hyperglycemia returned the activity to normal. In chronic hyperinsulinism, represented by obesity, heparin-releasable activity among control subjects was correlated to percent of ideal body weight (r=0.53, P less than 0.05) and to fat cell size (r=0.61, P less than 0.02). Acetone-ether powder lipoprotein lipase activity (presumed to reflect total tissue enzyme) was also related to percent of ideal body weight (r=0.76, P less than 0.001 for controls; r=0.67, P less than 0.05 for diabetics) and to fat cell size (r=0.71, P less than 0.01 for controls; r=0.85, P less than 0.01 for diabetics. Postprandial-stimulated insulin secretion was related to diet-induced changes in lipoprotein lipase in control subjects; both were dependent upon the amount of dietary carbohydrate. In contrast, the diabetic patients with low insulin responses, failed to increase lipoprotein lipase activity with feeding. The changes in heparin-releasable (r=0.66, P less than 0.01) and acetone-ether powder (r=0.69, P less than 0.01) activity during feeding were related to the percent increase in plasma insulin. Thus, insulin appears to be important in the regulation of human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Elevated insulin levels in obesity and increased insulin secretion after eating were associated with increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Defects in insulin secretion, both in postabsorptive and postprandial states, are associated with low adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and may lead to hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic man.
HLA-G: A New Immune Checkpoint in Cancer? (2020)

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), known as a central protein in providing immune tolerance to the fetus in pregnant women, is also studied for a possible role in tumor development. Many studies have claimed HLA-G as a new immune checkpoint in cancer. Therefore, HLA-G and its receptors might be targets for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. In order to substantiate that HLA-G is indeed an immune checkpoint in cancer, two important questions need to be answered: (1) To what extent is HLA-G expressed in the tumor by cancer cells? and (2) What is the function of HLA-G in cancer immune evasion? In this review, we discuss these questions. We agree that HLA-G is a potentially new immune checkpoint in cancer, but additional evidence is required to show the extent of intra-tumor and inter-tumor expression. These studies should focus on tumor expression patterns of the seven different HLA-G isoforms and of the receptors for HLA-G. Furthermore, specific roles for the different HLA-G isoforms should be established.
Direct deposition of polycrystalline diamond films on Si(100) without surface pretreatment (1991)

Dense nucleation of small-grain polycrystalline diamond films on Si(100) substrates has been accomplished without the use of any surface pretreatment such as abrasive diamond scratching, surface oil treatments, or diamond-like carbon predeposition. Diamond depositions occurred in a low-pressure rf plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition system using mixtures of CF4 and H2. Films deposited at 5 Torr and 850 °C on as-received silicon wafers show dense nucleation, well-defined facets, and crystallites which ranged in size from 500 to 10 000 Å. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy loss show the films to be diamond with no major impurity and no detectable graphitic component. Raman spectroscopy shows a pronounced 1332 cm−1 line accompanied with a broad band centered about 1500 cm−1.
Removal of blocking and ringing artifacts using transform domain denoising (2003)

In this paper we apply transform-based denoising methods for removing blocking and ringing artifacts from decompressed block transform or wavelet coded images. The proposed method is universal to any compression method used.
Binding of the adenovirus VAI RNA to the interferon-induced 68-kDa protein kinase correlates with function. (1991)

In human cells infected with adenovirus, the virus-associated RNA VAI blocks the activation of the interferon-induced double-stranded-RNA-dependent 68-kDa protein kinase (p68) and maintains normal levels of protein synthesis at late times after infection. VAI antagonizes the kinase activity by binding to p68. The structure of VAI consists of two long, base-paired stems connected by a complex short stem-loop structure. Previous work using a series of adenovirus mutants showed that the structural determinants of the VAI RNA that are essential for function reside in the central complex short stem-loop structure and adjacent base-paired regions (functional domain); the long duplex regions were found to be dispensable for function. To determine whether binding of VAI to p68 correlates with function and whether the structural determinants that are essential for function are also essential for binding, we studied the interaction of wild-type and several mutant VAI RNAs with p68 in whole cells. The p68-VAI complexes from mutant- and wild-type-infected cells were immunoprecipitated by an anti-p68 monoclonal antibody. The mutant RNAs that functioned efficiently in the cells bound to p68 efficiently in the cells, whereas functionally impaired mutants failed to bind to p68, indicating that the binding of the VAI RNA to p68 correlates well with function. In vitro binding assays with immunopurified p68 confirmed these observations. Secondary-structure analysis of several mutant VAI RNAs suggests that the binding does not depend on the long duplex regions but requires all the elements of the functional domain. We propose that the functional domain and the p68-binding domain of the VAI RNA are identical.
Exploring Differences in Leadership Styles in Romanian Software Development Industry (2013)

Leadership style is considered an important factor that influences the firm perfomance. The aim of the present paper is to explore the correlations between the gender and management level of the managers, considered as independent variables, and the managers leadership styles as dependent variables. The study was based on an empirical research undertaken on a representative sample of 80 managers from different hierarchical levels in Romanian software development companies. The research methodology involved a design of two hypotheses, tested by means of Pearson chi-square. The research results emphasize a cultural specific context and some suggestions for future research are provided.
Percutaneous renal biopsy in children. III. The nephrotic syndrome. (1962)

Of the three views concerning the etiology of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, as summarized by Barnett et al. our data appear to best support the concept that this syndrome occurs as two distinct (histological) diseases, as suggested by Movat et al. Both, however, may be clinically similar at the time of onset. The first histologic type is characterized by normal glomeruli (by light microscopy) or by thickening of the capillary basement membrane and at times also by lobulation of the glomerular tuft (Type II). Adequate intensive glucocorticoid therapy, when administered to patients with these histologic findings within the first 4 months after clinical recognition, is associated with rapid and complete cleaning of proteinuria and remission of other clinical and laboratory evidence of the syndrome in the majority of cases. The second histologic type is characterized by axial stalk and glomenulam tuft scars and by crescents and adhesions (Type I). Other than for temporary remissions in some, patients with these histologic changes seem universally to have an unsuccessful response to glucocorticoid therapy, even when it is administered in adequate dosage and begun within the first 4 months after recognition. Although some investigators suggest that this lesion is specific for poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and while our data is at least not in opposition to their views, our experience with the occurrence of this lesion in association with the nephrotic syndrome is at present too limited to comment further. The finding of histologic evidence of pyelonephritis in 4 of the 32 children with the nephrotic syndrome (all in association with Type II lesions), an incidence of greater than 10%, has not to our knowledge been reported previously to occur so frequently. This observation suggests that urine cultures, even in children who are in complete clinical and laboratory remission, should be obtained periodically. It is of note that in two of these four patients, the biopsy evidence of pyelonephritis was not noted until the time of the repeat examination, following interim glucocorticoid administration. This might indicate a lessening of resistance to bacterial invasion during steroid therapy. Attention is drawn to the need for percutaneous biopsy of the kidney in children with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome if early correct histologic diagnosis is to be made. The percentage of occurrence of unsuspected Type I lesions may be as great as 20% as demonstrated by this study.
Potent preventive action of alpha-carotene against carcinogenesis: spontaneous liver carcinogenesis and promoting stage of lung and skin carcinogenesis in mice are suppressed more effectively by alpha-carotene than by beta-carotene. (1992)

Although beta-carotene has been considered to be a key cancer preventive agent in green and yellow vegetables, other types of carotenoids, such as alpha-carotene, may also contribute to anticarcinogenic action, since these carotenoids usually coexist with beta-carotene and are detectable in human blood and tissues. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effect of natural alpha-carotene, obtained from palm oil, with that of beta-carotene on spontaneous liver carcinogenesis in C3H/He male mice. The mean number of hepatomas per mouse was significantly decreased by alpha-carotene supplementation (per os administration in drinking water at a concentration of 0.05%, ad libitum) as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001, Student's t test). On the other hand, beta-carotene, at the same dose as alpha-carotene, did not show any such significant difference from the control group. Furthermore, we also compared the antitumor-promoting activity of alpha-carotene with that of beta-carotene against two-stage mouse lung carcinogenesis (initiator, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide; promoter, glycerol). alpha-Carotene, but not beta-carotene, reduced the number of lung tumors per mouse to about 30% of that in the control group (P < 0.001, Student's t test). The higher potency of the antitumor-promoting action of alpha-carotene compared to beta-carotene was confirmed in other experimental systems; e.g., alpha-carotene was also found to have a stronger effect than beta-carotene in suppressing the promoting activity of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on skin carcinogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mice. These results suggest that not only beta-carotene, but also other types of carotenoids, such as alpha-carotene, may play an important role in cancer prevention.
Ag-Pd thick film conductor for AlN ceramics (1990)

An Ag-Pd thick-film conductor for aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics was developed. The conductor showed adhesion strength and reliability almost comparable to those of commercial conductors for alumina ceramics. The influence of physical properties of the lead oxide glass frit on conductor performance was studied, and the most suitable glass was selected for the frit material. The softening point of frit glass has the largest effect on conductor performance; this temperature should be approximately 500 degrees C. If the softening point was either too high or too low, compared to the sintering temperature of the conducting metals, poor adhesion strength resulted. Use of glass with too high a softening point caused poor wettability but resistance to erosion by Pb-Sn solder, while it resulted in good wettability but poor erosion resistance when the softening point was too low. Additionally, Cr-, Ti, and Zr-oxides were identified as wettability-promoting agents. The molten glass did not penetrate into the AlN ceramics; rather, it remained on the surface. This behavior differed from that in the case of alumina ceramics, for which the molten glass penetrated along the grain boundaries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Effect of xuefu zhuyu pill on blood stasis syndrome and risk factor of atherosclerosis]. (1998)

XFZYP is beneficial to retard the progress of atherosclerosis.
THE NEMATICIDAL PROPERTIES OF AZIDES (1957)

The use of sodium azide and organic acid azides for the control of potato root eelworm has been investigated: in suitable conditions they were effective both in greenhouse tests and in field trials. The biological activity of azides has been shown to arise from liberation of undissociated hydrazoic acid. The acid is only liberated in effective quantities in acid soils, but in such soils it is decomposed with formation of nitrogen. Organic acid azides are decomposed by a wide range of dust diluents and by soil, and there is some evidence that in diluents the main decomposition reaction is the formation of isocyanate by the Curtius rearrangement, whereas on wet soils extensive hydrolysis occurs giving hydrazoic acid, which is subsequently decomposed.
An Adaptable Connectionist Text-Retrieval System With Relevance Feedback (2007)

This paper introduces a new connectionist network for certain domain-specific text-retrieval and search applications with expert end users. A new model reference adaptive system is proposed that involves three learning phases. Initial model-reference learning is first performed based upon an ensemble set of input-output of an initial reference model. Model-reference following is needed in dynamic environments where documents are added, deleted, or updated. Relevance feedback learning from multiple expert users then optimally maps the original query using either a score-based or a click-through selection process. The learning can be implemented, in regression or classification modes, using a three-layer network. The first layer is an adaptable layer that performs mapping from query domain to document space. The second and third layers perform document-to-term mapping, search/retrieval, and scoring tasks. The learning algorithms are thoroughly tested on a domain-specific text database that encompasses a wide range of Hewlett Packard (HP) products and for a large number of most commonly used single- and multiterm queries.
Extremely high coupling and transmission of high-powered-femtosecond pulses in hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber (2008)

Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are coupled through a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber with efficiencies greater than 98%. Peak power intensities greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are achieved inside the fiber core.
N-Methylated Peptide Inhibitors of β-Amyloid Aggregation and Toxicity. Optimization of the Inhibitor Structure (2006)

The key pathogenic event in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be the aggregation of the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide into toxic oligomers. Molecules that interfere with this process may therefore act as therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD. N-Methylated peptides (meptides) are a general class of peptide aggregation inhibitors that act by binding to one face of the aggregating peptide but are unable to hydrogen bond on the other face, because of the N-methyl group replacing a backbone NH group. Here, we optimize the structure of meptide inhibitors of Abeta aggregation, starting with the KLVFF sequence that is known to bind to Abeta. We varied the meptide length, N-methylation sites, acetylation, and amidation of the N and C termini, side-chain identity, and chirality, via five compound libraries. Inhibitor activity was tested by thioflavin T binding, affinity chromatography, electron microscopy, and an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide toxicity assay. We found that inhibitors should have all d chirality, have a free N terminus but an amidated C terminus, and have large, branched hydrophobic side chains at positions 1-4, while the side chain at position 5 was less important. A single N-methyl group was necessary and sufficient. The most active compound, d-[(chGly)-(Tyr)-(chGly)-(chGly)-(mLeu)]-NH(2), was more active than all previously reported peptide inhibitors. Its related non-N-methylated analogues were insoluble and toxic.
A porous LiFePO4 and carbon nanotube composite (2010)

A novel composite electrode structure with highly-conductive 3D nanotube networks superimposed into interlaced porous LiFePO(4) media was designed and realized via an in situ sol-gel process, yielding a high-performance multidimensional composite cathode for high-energy and high-power lithium-ion batteries.
Uso de óleos essenciais no controle do ácaro Varroa destructor em Apis mellifera (2012)

O ácaro Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) é considerado uma das principais pragas apícolas mundiais. O risco de contaminação da cera e do mel, assim como o desenvolvimento de resistência desta praga, têm levado à busca por alternativas de controle que substituam os acaricidas convencionais. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos de diferentes óleos essenciais na mortalidade de abelhas Apis mellifera e do ácaro Varroa destructor, parasita destes insetos. A metodologia consistiu em manter separadamente grupos formados por abelhas e ácaros, em gaiolas com óleos essenciais nas concentrações de 10 µL, 50 µL e 200 µL, sendo cada concentração um ensaio. Foram realizados tratamentos com água, anis, alecrim, canela, eucalipto, cravo e menta. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. As abelhas e ácaros foram observados por seis horas, para a quantificação da mortalidade, em função dos tratamentos utilizados. Os óleos essenciais não afetaram as abelhas de forma significativa, contudo, os óleos de anis, canela, eucalipto e cravo causaram mortalidade significativa dos ácaros. Para a concentração de 10 µL, observou-se taxa de mortalidade de 70% para anis e canela, 77,5% para eucalipto e 75% para cravo. Na concentração de 50 µL, foram observados valores de 75% para cravo e canela, 90% para anis e 92,5% para eucalipto. Já na concentração de 200 µL, os valores de mortalidade foram de 92,5% para anis e eucalipto, 52,5% para canela e 87,5% para cravo. Com base na taxa de mortalidade observada, sugere-se que estas substâncias sejam usadas em substituição aos acaricidas convencionais.
Biomarkers and endogenous determinants of dofetilide‐induced torsades de pointes in α<sub>1</sub>‐adrenoceptor‐stimulated, anaesthetized rabbits (2010)

'Preceding' arrhythmias have characteristics that permit prediction of TdP occurrence: the more chaotic the ventricular rhythm, the greater the probability of TdP initiation. This suggests that complexity of the arrhythmic beats may play an important mechanistic role in TdP genesis. The electrical instability quantified by the novel 'absolute' variability and instability parameters correlates with the probability of TdP occurrence. Baroreflex may contribute to TdP genesis in vivo.