gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple guide to biochemical approaches for analyzing protein–lipid interactions (2012)

Eukaryotic cells contain many different membrane compartments with characteristic shapes, lipid compositions, and dynamics. A large fraction of cytoplasmic proteins associate with these membrane compartments. Such protein-lipid interactions, which regulate the subcellular localizations and activities of peripheral membrane proteins, are fundamentally important for a variety of cell biological processes ranging from cytoskeletal dynamics and membrane trafficking to intracellular signaling. Reciprocally, many membrane-associated proteins can modulate the shape, lipid composition, and dynamics of cellular membranes. Determining the exact mechanisms by which these proteins interact with membranes will be essential to understanding their biological functions. In this Technical Perspective, we provide a brief introduction to selected biochemical methods that can be applied to study protein-lipid interactions. We also discuss how important it is to choose proper lipid composition, type of model membrane, and biochemical assay to obtain reliable and informative data from the lipid-interaction mechanism of a protein of interest.
Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type: Changes in Hippocampal L‐[<sup>3</sup>H]Glutamate Binding (1987)

Glutamate or a related excitatory amino acid is thought to be the major excitatory neurotransmitter of hippocampal afferents, intrinsic neurons, and efferents. We have used an autoradiographic technique to investigate the status of excitatory amino acid receptors in the hippocampal formation of patients dying with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). We examined L-[3H]glutamate binding to sections from the hippocampal formation of six patients dying of DAT and six patients without DAT and found marked reductions in total [3H]glutamate binding in all regions of hippocampus and adjacent parahippocampal cortex in DAT brains as compared to controls. When subtypes of excitatory amino acid receptors were assayed, it was found that binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive receptor was reduced by 75-87%, with the greatest loss found in stratum moleculare and stratum pyramidale of CA1. Binding to quisqualate (QA)-sensitive receptors was reduced by 45-69%. There were smaller reductions (21-46%) in GABAA receptors in DAT cases. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors assayed in adjacent sections of hippocampal formation were unchanged in DAT. Benzodiazepine receptors were reduced significantly only in parahippocampal cortex by 44%. These results suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission within the hippocampal formation is likely to be severely impaired in Alzheimer's disease. Such impairment may account for some of the cognitive decline and memory deficits that characterize DAT.
Development of the NOx Adsorber Catalyst for Use with High-Temperature Condition (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">NOx adsorber has already been used for the after-treatment system of series production vehicle installed with a lean burn or direct injection engine [<span class="xref">1</span>,<span class="xref">2</span>,<span class="xref">3</span>]. In order to improve NOx adsorbability at high temperatures, many researchers have recently been trying an addition of potassium (K) as well as other conventional NOx adsorbents. Potassium, however, reacts easily with the cordierite honeycomb substrate at high temperatures, and not only causes a loss in NOx adsorbability but also damages the substrate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Three new technologies have been proposed in consideration of the above circumstances. First, a new concept of K-capture is applied in washcoat design, mixed with zeolite, to improve thermal stability of K and to keep high NOx conversion efficiency, under high temperatures, of NOx adsorber catalyst. Second, another new technology, pre-coating silica over the boundary of a substrate and washcoat, is proposed to prevent the reaction between potassium and cordierite. The NOx adsorber catalyst, adopting these technologies, has demonstrated less crack formation and high NOx adsorbability at high temperatures even after severe accelerated aging test on the engine bench. The last one of the three technologies is the mixing of K retention compound and titanium compound in the washcoat with the aim of suppressing sulfur poisoning. The compound mixing in the washcoat has proven its effectiveness since K adsorbent has the advantage of easier sulfur desorption as compared with barium (Ba).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A newly developed NOx adsorber system is considered to be one of the potential technologies to deal with increasingly stringent NOx regulations for even high exhaust temperature applications.</div>
Purification of Rabies Virus Grown in Tissue Culture (1968)

Extracellular rabies virus, grown in monolayer cultures of BHK21 cells in the presence of medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, was purified by the following procedure. Virus was precipitated from infectious tissue culture fluid by zinc acetate and was resuspended in a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The suspension was filtered through a Sephadex column and was treated with ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. The virions were then pelleted by centrifugation at high speed and were resuspended in buffer solution. Banding of the virus by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient was the final step in the purification procedure. Purified preparations contained bullet-shaped virus particles of variable length and little (up to 5%) contaminating host-cell material. Most of the virions were "complete", i.e., 180 nm long, but some virus particles were shorter. The length distribution of the virions was nonrandom. Shorter virions seemed to be noninfectious and showed markedly decreased hemagglutinating activity. The complement-fixing activity and the ribonucleic acid to protein ratio of the virions were not related to the length of the virus particles. Although the properties of extracellular and intracellular viruses were similar, the procedure was not suitable for purification of intracellular rabies virus.
A playback system that synchronizes the musical phrases with listener's respiration phases (2013)

We propose a novel sound presentation system that utilizes a listener's respiration (breath) information. The system uses sound data, targets of the respiration phase bounded to the sound data and the listener's respiration trace. In replaying the sound, the system attempts to change the replay speed to minimize the difference between the target of respiration phase and the observed (listener's) respiration phase. Thus, a listener using the system has more chances to listen to a specific phrase with a specific respiration phase. In an experiment, chromatic scale movements were presented with different replay strategies to evaluate the system. Although the participant did not know about the control system, they reported a difference in their arousal feeling. The results indicate that music presentation that follows the listener's respiration will have significant effect on the impression of sound, suggesting that we may extend the possibility of sound presentation.
Quantum Dots and Their Potential Biomedical Applications in Photosensitization for Photodynamic Therapy (2009)

Semiconductor quantum dots have received considerable interest in recent years as a result of their unique optical properties, leading to many applications in biology. This review examines their potential for photosensitization in photodynamic therapy compared with, and in combination with, conventional photosensitizing organic dyes. Photodynamic therapy is used for treating a range of malignant tumors and certain non-malignant pathologies, and conventional photosensitizers are based on organic dyes that are efficient generators of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. By exploiting the unique optical properties of quantum dots, the conjugation of quantum dots with photosensitizers and targeting agents could provide a new class of versatile multifunctional nanoparticles for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications.
Control of MHC Restriction by TCR V <sub>α</sub> CDR1 and CDR2 (1996)

Individual T cell receptor (TCR) Valpha elements are expressed preferentially in CD4 or CD8 peripheral T cell subsets. The closely related Valpha3.1 and Valpha3.2 elements show reciprocal selection into CD4 and CD8 subsets, respectively. Transgenic mice expressing site-directed mutants of a Valpha3.1 gene were used to show that individual residues in either the complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) or CDR2 were sufficient to change selection from the CD4 subset to the CD8 subset. Thus, the germline-encoded Valpha elements are a major influence on major histocompatibility class complex (MHC) restriction, most likely by a preferential interaction with one or the other class of MHC molecule.
Controlling Central Carbon Metabolism for Improved Pathway Yields in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2015)

Engineering control of metabolic pathways is important to improving product titers and yields. Traditional methods such as overexpressing pathway enzymes and deleting competing ones are restricted by the interdependence of metabolic reactions and the finite nature of cellular resources. Here, we developed a metabolite valve that controls glycolytic flux through central carbon metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In a Hexokinase 2 and Glucokinase 1 deleted strain (hxk2Δglk1Δ), glucose flux was diverted away from glycolysis and into a model pathway, gluconate, by controlling the transcription of Hexokinase 1 with the tetracycline transactivator protein (tTA). A maximum 10-fold decrease in hexokinase activity resulted in a 50-fold increase in gluconate yields, from 0.7% to 36% mol/mol of glucose. The reduction in glucose flux resulted in a significant decrease in ethanol byproduction that extended to semianaerobic conditions, as shown in the production of isobutanol. This proof-of-concept is one of the first demonstrations in S. cerevisiae of dynamic redirection of glucose from glycolysis and into a heterologous pathway.
Landmark in the Air (2008)

This paper reviews contributions of John Montgomery toward controlled glider flight. It was recognized that a glider descending in still air is converting potential energy into motive power equal to the product of its weight and rate of sink. John Montgomery concluded that more basic research was needed. During the next few years, he designed an ingenious test apparatus in which water with suspended particles would flow around surfaces that represented various wing shapes. He also took photographs of the flow patterns. He was able to combine measurements, observations, and analysis. Montgomery had devised a technique to control pitch with a linkage to a pivoting tail section. The California Institute of Technology and other universities established advanced programs to support the increasingly challenging needs of the aircraft industry.
Composition-structure-properties relationship of strontium borate glasses for medical applications (2014)

We have synthesized TiO2 doped strontium borate glasses, 70B2O3-(30-x)SrO-xTiO2 and 70B2 O3 -20SrO(10-x)Na2 O-xTiO2 . The composition dependence of glass structure, density, thermal properties, durability, and cytotoxicity of degradation products was studied. Digesting the glass in mineral acid and detecting the concentrations of various ions using an ICP provided the actual compositions that were 5-8% deviated from the theoretical values. The structure was investigated by means of (11)B magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. DSC analyses provided the thermal properties and the degradation rates were measured by measuring the weight loss of glass disc-samples in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C in vitro. Finally, the MTT assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the degradation products. The structural analysis revealed that replacing TiO2 for SrO or Na2 O increased the BO3/BO4 ratio suggesting the network-forming role of TiO2 . Thermal properties, density, and degradation rates also followed the structural changes. Varying SrO content predominantly controlled the degradation rates, which in turn controlled the ion release kinetics. A reasonable control (2-25% mass loss in 21 days) over mass loss was achieved in current study. Even though, very high concentrations (up to 5500 ppm B, and 1200 ppm Sr) of ions were released from the ternary glass compositions that saturated the degradation media in 7 days, the degradation products from ternary glass system was found noncytotoxic. However, quaternary glasses demonstrated negative affect on cell viability due to very high (7000 ppm) Na ion concentration. All the glasses investigated in current study are deemed fast degrading with further control over degradation rates, release kinetics desirable.
Heterogeneous Inhibition of Homogeneous Reactions:  Karstedt Catalyzed Hydrosilylation (2002)

The Karstedt-catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction used in curing of silicone release coatings was investigated using first-principle quantum mechanical techniques (density functional theory) as well as semiempirical methods to estimate solubility parameters. The results we obtain for the catalytic cycle indicate, in agreement with experimental results, that hydrosilylation occurs easily at room temperature. The detailed mechanism we suggest contains the key features of the models previously proposed in the literature by Lewis and Chalk−Harrod and adds quantitative estimates of reaction energies and barriers. On the basis of the energy profile for the catalytic cycle in the presence of inhibitor molecules and on solubility parameters for the species involved in the reaction, we conclude that the role of the inhibitors we considered is to phase-separate the catalyst from the substrate. The reaction is thus quenched by introducing a microscopic second phase that interferes with the homogeneous reaction.
Preserved Ex Vivo Inflammatory Status in Decidual Cells from Women with Preterm Labor and Subclinical Intrauterine Infection (2012)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the inflammatory response preserved ex vivo by decidual cells isolated from women who experienced preterm labor with and without subclinical intrauterine infection. METHODS: Fetal membranes were obtained after cesarean section from 35 women who delivered before 37 weeks of gestation following spontaneous preterm labor, with no clinical evidence of intrauterine infection. Decidua was microbiologically tested and cultured. Concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9) were measured in the supernatants using Bio-Plex, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Subclinical infection was confirmed in 10 women (28.5%). Microorganisms isolated were Ureaplasma urealyticum (4), group B streptococci (3), Gardnerella vaginalis (1), and Escherichia coli (2). We found a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a significant decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines in supernatants from decidual cells obtained from women with preterm labor and subclinical intrauterine infection compared to women without infection. Secretion of MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-9 and PGE(2) was significantly higher in infected women. Secretion of IL-8 by decidual cells from infected women persisted upon repeated in vitro culture passages. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 30% of idiopathic preterm labor cases were associated with subclinical intrauterine infection, and decidual cells isolated from these cases preserved an ex vivo inflammatory status after in vivo bacterial exposure.
Ultra-long distance wavelength-division-multiplexed soliton transmission using inhomogeneously broadened fiber amplifiers (1992)

The use of inhomogeneously broadened amplifiers for wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical soliton transmission is proposed. Dynamic gain equalization can be achieved through saturation, by adjustment of the time-averaged intensity of control lasers tuned between the WDM channels. The authors investigate numerically an example in which seven WDM channels at 2 Gb/s each are equalized using parameter values reasonable for germanosilicate core erbium-doped fibers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surface motility in Pseudomonas sp. DSS73 is required for efficient biological containment of the root-pathogenic microfungi Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum (2003)

Pseudomonas sp. DSS73 was isolated from the rhizoplane of sugar beet seedlings. This strain exhibits antagonism towards the root-pathogenic microfungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Production of the cyclic lipopeptide amphisin in combination with expression of flagella enables the growing bacterial culture to move readily over the surface of laboratory media. Amphisin is a new member of a group of dual-functioning compounds such as tensin, viscosin and viscosinamid that display both biosurfactant and antifungal properties. The ability of DSS73 to efficiently contain root-pathogenic microfungi is shown to arise from amphisin-dependent surface translocation and growth by which the bacterium can lay siege to the fungi. The synergistic effects of surface motility and synthesis of a battery of antifungal compounds efficiently contain and terminate growth of the microfungi.
Simulation based architectural power estimation for PLA-based controllers (1996)

We present an architectural power simulation technique for PLA-based controllers. The contributions of this work are (1) a simple but efficient power characterization of PLAs; and (2) a strategy for developing a simulatable power model from the input description. Node Switching Capacitance (NSC) of a sub-component (such as AND plane) in a PLA is the average capacitance switched by a node in the sub-component, when the node undergoes a power consuming transition (0/spl rarr/1). Power characterization involves extracting NSC equations for different sub-components as a function of input size, output size and number of terms. Prototype PLAs whose are employed to derive NSC equations for a given technology. The input description is modified for power simulation by adding NSC equations with dependent variables instanced to the controller's parameters. For a given input sequence, the modified VHDL description is simulated to estimate the total power consumption. Experimental Results are obtained with average estimation error of 10.48% with a minimum error of 0.19% and maximum error of 21.90%.
A novel segmentation approach for color images with progressive superpixel merging (2012)

We propose a novel approach to color image segmentation based on superpixels. We firstly apply normalized cuts algorithm to over-segment the images into small similar areas, namely, superpixels, which are local, coherent, and preserve most of the structure necessary for segmentation. Then the superpixels, as the elementary units, are progressively merged according to the merging cost, which consists of the dissimilarity, the continuity of boundary areas, and the compatibility between two adjacent superpixels. To enhance the color consistency under different illumination, the dissimilarity between two superpixels is measured by both the distribution probability and the context from R, G, B, and Saturation channels. The experiments demonstrate that our segmentation approach is effective and competitive, especially when the number of categories is small.
Over‐expression of forkhead box P3 and its association with receptor activator of nuclear factor‐<i>κ</i> B ligand, interleukin (IL) ‐17, IL‐10 and transforming growth factor‐<i>β</i> during the progression of chronic periodontitis (2009)

These results lead us to speculate that Foxp3(+) cells that do not have a regulatory function might have a role in the pathogenesis of active periodontal lesions by down-regulating TGF-beta1 and IL-10 synthesis that lead to the over-expression of Th17-associated cytokines RANKL and IL-17.
Preparation of Vinylphenols and Isopropenylphenols (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Vinylphenols and IsopropenylphenolsB. B. CORSON, W. J. HEINTZELMAN, L. H. SCHWARTZMAN, H. E. TIEFENTHAL, R. J. LOKKEN, J. E. NICKELS, G. R. ATWOOD, and F. J. PAVLIKCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 4, 544–549Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01098a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1079Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlations between the ligand electrochemical parameter, EL(L), and the Hammett substituent parameter, .sigma. (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelations between the ligand electrochemical parameter, EL(L), and the Hammett substituent parameter, .sigma.Hitoshi Masui and A. B. P. LeverCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 10, 2199–2201Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00062a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00062a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views807Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sn(OTf)<sub>2</sub> catalyzed continuous flow ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (2015)

A simple PTFE tubular microreactor based platform was successfully developed to conduct Sn(OTf)<sub>2</sub> catalyzed ε-caprolactone polymerization with better control of reaction conditions, faster polymerizations and narrower molecular weight distributions.