gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coplanar bus model validation using test board and high speed CMOS driver (2002)

Test vehicles consisting of a special arrangement of test boards each mounted with high speed CMOS drivers were prepared for validation of a high speed coplanar bus model. Actual wave delay and deformation through several lines were measured and compared with those in a coplanar line, a stand alone line and a microstrip line. The coplanar bus line was superior to even a microstrip line with a ground and power plane at frequencies on the order of several hundred MHz. It was concluded that the most important feature for circuits operating in the range of hundreds of MHz frequency is the closed loop current.
PAMAM-Based Dendrimers with Different Alkyl Chains Self-Assemble on Silica Surfaces: Controllable Layer Structure and Molecular Aggregation (2018)

Amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are a well-known dendritic family due to their remarkable ability to self-assemble on solid surface. However, the relationship between molecular conformation (or adsorption kinetics) of a self-assembled layer and molecular amphiphilicity of such kind of dendrimer is still lacking, which limits the development of modulating self-assembling structures and surface functionality. With this in mind, we synthesized a series of amphiphilic PAMAM-based dendrimers, denoted as G<sub>1</sub>C <sub>n</sub>, with different alkyl chains ( n = 8, 12, and 16), and investigated the molecular aggregation on silica surfaces by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle. After rinsing, remaining adsorption amounts of G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>12</sub> were higher than those of G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>8</sub> at high concentrations, suggesting that G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>12</sub> adlayers were more stable due to the stronger intermolecular hydrophobic interactions, whereas it preferred to adopt the intramolecular hydrophobic interactions for G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>16</sub>, with low adsorption amounts and unstable adlayers. Bilayer-like structures were inferred in G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>8</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>12</sub> adlayers with loose conformation, whereas monolayer structures were likely to exist in the sparse adsorption film of G<sub>1</sub>C<sub>16</sub>. Our results provided more detailed understanding of the effect of molecular structure on the self-assembled structures of amphiphilic dendrimers on solid surfaces, shedding light on the controlled microstructure and wettability of functional surface by modulating the length of hydrophobic chains of dendrimers and a potential application of dendrimer-substrate combinations.
Three-Dimensional Seismic Imaging (1987)

Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil ...Read More
eNOS-Overexpressing Endothelial Cells Inhibit Platelet Aggregation and Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation <i>in Vitro</i> (2000)

Endothelial cell seeding of synthetic small diameter vascular grafts (SSDVG) has been shown to diminish thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, resulting in improved graft patency. However, endothelial cell retention on seeded grafts when exposed to physiological shearing conditions remains poor. We report that the genetic engineering of endothelial cells to overexpress endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), may create improved anti-thrombotic and anti-hyperplastic endothelial cell phenotypes for SSDVG seeding. eNOS-overexpressing endothelial cells may potentially overcome the biochemical loss due to shear induced reduction in endothelial cell coverage on SSDVG. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were transfected with the human eNOS gene, and co-incubated with either human whole blood or bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMC) in vitro. eNOS-transfected BAEC significantly overexpressed eNOS compared to control beta-Gal-transfected and untransfected BAEC up to 120 h post transfection. In co-incubation and co-culture assays, human platelet aggregation decreased by 46% and BASMC proliferation decreased by 67.2% when compared to incubation with untransfected BAEC.
An Efficient Pipelined Architecture for H.264/AVC Intra Frame Processing (2007)

A number of recent efforts have been made to speed up H.264 intra frame coding. When these algorithms are implemented by dedicated hardware accelerators, these hardware resources are often wasted if intra predictions and reconstructions for 4times4 blocks are serialized. In order to avoid a hardware waste, this paper proposes a pipelined execution of the intra predictions and reconstructions of 4times4 blocks. The processing orders of 4times4 intra predictions are derived for both encoding and decoding, respectively, to reduce the dependencies between consecutively processed blocks and minimize pipeline stalls. The proposed pipelined execution of 4times4 intra predictions for encoding is integrated with the other intra frame encoding operations with an efficient scheduling that allows these other operations to be executed in parallel with intra prediction. When compared with the best previous work for intra frame coding (Suh et al., 2005), the execution time is decreased by 41 % even with reduced hardware resources
Data path reroute time investigation: in a multiport bridge interconnected network (2002)

Wide-area networks are used to interconnect clusters of computers and user devices connected by local area networks. Hybrids of local and wide area networks can provide high performance data channels with good connectivity. Bridges are currently used to interconnect islands of different data communication protocols in heterogeneous environments. The author describes a bridge connected network, with the spanning tree algorithm governing its network topology. Data path reroute times due to link down or component failure are investigated. Schemes to improve reroute time due to topology reconfiguration are proposed. An attempt is also made to enhance the spanning tree algorithm with a mesh algorithm. The mesh algorithm will add features such as multiple active connections in addition to the redundant link that the spanning tree has provided. The reroute time for the mesh algorithm is also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biosynthetic studies of aridicin antibiotics. II. Microbial transformations and glycosylations by protoplasts. (1986)

In connection with the biosynthetic studies of the aridicin antibiotics in Kibdelosporangium aridum, various microorganisms, known to produce related glycopeptide antibiotics, have been examined for their glycosylating activity. A number of strains were found to mannosylate the aridicin aglycone, while Actinoplanes teichomyceticus was found to have deacylating activity as well. A protoplast system of K. aridum was developed and was found to possess novel glycosylating activity in addition to the mannosylating activity which was also present in the whole cells. Effects on the glycosylating activity by various membrane solubilizing agents have been discussed.
Transient IGF-I gene expression during the maturation of functionally related central projection neurons (1991)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a monomeric peptide with significant homology to proinsulin. IGF-I has a number of potent effects on cultured neural tissue, including the stimulation of mitosis in sympathetic neuroblasts; the promotion of neurite outgrowth in cortical, sensory, and sympathetic neurons; and the induction of oligodendrocyte differentiation. In order to determine the sites in which IGF-I may play a role in neural development in vivo, the pattern of IGF-I gene expression in the developing rat brain has been analyzed by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry. Transient IGF-I gene expression is seen during the maturation of specific groups of functionally related sensory and cerebellar projection neurons. IGF-I mRNA is abundant within developing cerebellar Purkinje cells and in the major cerebellar relay centers, including the inferior olive, medial vestibular and lateral reticular nuclei of the brainstem, and the deep cerebellar and red nuclei. Similarly, IGF-I mRNA is localized in the synaptic stations of the developing olfactory, auditory, visual, and somatosensory systems. For example, in the auditory system, IGF-I mRNA is abundant in the cochlear nucleus, superior olive, lateral lemniscus, medial geniculate body, and inferior colliculus. In each system, IGF-I gene expression is found predominantly in long-axon projection neurons, appearing during a relatively late stage in their development, at a time of maturation of dendrites and synapse formation. The specific timing and selective localization of neuronal IGF-I gene expression described in this study suggest that IGF-I may have a role in the shaping of system-specific synaptic connections or myelinization.
CCXXX.—The synthetical production of derivatives of dinaphthanthracene (1912)

W. H. Mills and M. Mills, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1912, 101, 2194 DOI: 10.1039/CT9120102194
If not us, then who? - social dimensions of community-based environment initiatives (2000)

By the 1980s, the escalating environmental problems of Asia's megacities had become all too evident. Smoke-filled air, littered streets and polluted waterways were common features of urban centers, and such problems were growing unchecked. The Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program (MEIP) was initiated in the later 1980s by the World Bank and UNDP to help urban centers in East and South Asia address these mounting environmental concerns. MEIP aimed to look at the relationship between natural environmental systems and urban areas.
Genetic Analysis of H1N1 Influenza Virus from Throat Swab Samples in a Microfluidic System for Point-of-Care Diagnostics (2011)

The ability to obtain sequence-specific genetic information about rare target organisms directly from complex biological samples at the point-of-care would transform many areas of biotechnology. Microfluidics technology offers compelling tools for integrating multiple biochemical processes in a single device, but despite significant progress, only limited examples have shown specific, genetic analysis of clinical samples within the context of a fully integrated, portable platform. Herein we present the Magnetic Integrated Microfluidic Electrochemical Detector (MIMED) that integrates sample preparation and electrochemical sensors in a monolithic disposable device to detect RNA-based virus directly from throat swab samples. By combining immunomagnetic target capture, concentration, and purification, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) generation in the sample preparation chamber, as well as sequence-specific electrochemical DNA detection in the electrochemical cell, we demonstrate the detection of influenza H1N1 in throat swab samples at loads as low as 10 TCID(50), 4 orders of magnitude below the clinical titer for this virus. Given the availability of affinity reagents for a broad range of pathogens, our system offers a general approach for multitarget diagnostics at the point-of-care.
Continuous penalty forces (2012)

We present a simple algorithm to compute continuous penalty forces to determine collision response between rigid and deformable models bounded by triangle meshes. Our algorithm computes a well-behaved solution in contrast to the traditional stability and robustness problems of penalty methods, induced by force discontinuities. We trace contact features along their deforming trajectories and accumulate penalty forces along the penetration time intervals between the overlapping feature pairs. Moreover, we present a closed-form expression to compute the continuous and smooth collision response. Our method has very small additional overhead compared to previous penalty methods, and can significantly improve the stability and robustness. We highlight its benefits on several benchmarks.
A CCM/DCM Dual-Mode Synchronous Rectification Controller for a High-Efficiency Flyback Converter (2013)

A dual-mode synchronous rectification (SR) controller supporting both the continuous-conduction mode and discontinuous-conduction mode is developed to improve the power efficiency of a flyback converter. The dual-mode SR controller ensures nonoverlapped turning-on of the primary and secondary switches by monitoring the voltage level of the secondary switch. The dual-mode SR controller requiring four pins and only one external resistor has been implemented in a 0.35-μm BCDMOS process and applied to a 50-W flyback converter. The efficiency of the flyback converter is improved by upto 6.8% when the dual-mode SR controller is employed compared to the one employing the conventional SR controller.
Sulphur extended asphalt modifier (2012)

Sulphur-extended asphalt has been available since the 1970s, but was not widely taken up because the cost of sulphur increased to make this modifier uneconomical. The cost has now reduced and a sulphur pellet has been produced that eases the application and minimises the potential health and safety issues. A review of laboratory tests and site trials that have been undertaken with the product assesses the changes in technical properties that are achieved with mixtures incorporating it at rates of between 20 and 40 per cent by mass of the binder. The review found that the pelletisation of the sulphur appears to have overcome many of the health and safety fears, although strict control of temperature is important. The effects included increasing Marshall stability, reducing wheel-tracking and increasing the stiffness modulus. The temperature of the mixture has to be reduced to become a warm asphalt. Thus, its wider use is more practical, as is demonstrated by its use on several reported sites.
A TiO<sub>2</sub>nanostructure transformation: from ordered nanotubes to nanoparticles (2009)

Transformation of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) to truncated tetragonal bipyramidal shape nanoparticles (NPs) was observed upon thermally annealing titanium dioxide (TiO2) ordered nanotube arrays in fluorine ambient, resulting from the reaction of fluorine ions (F(-)) from the electrolyte residues in long nanotubes grown by anodization in ethylene glycol+NH4F electrolyte. The size of the TiO2 nanoparticles formed depends on the fluorine concentration and can be controlled from 20 to 500 nm. The crystal and optical properties of the nanoparticle layers are superior compared with those of nanotube arrays which are also annealed but without undergoing a morphology transformation, as was shown by means of x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements. The NT-NP transformation mechanism was studied by analyzing the initial stages of the NT-NP transformation. This was achieved by terminating the annealing process in F ambient after 1-5 min. It was found that amorphous NTs first contract, then break down, and finally merge and crystallize to form NPs.
Test compaction in a parallel access scan environment (2002)

In this paper test compaction techniques suitable for circuits designed using a novel parallel access scan methodology are proposed. In this methodology, groups of scan elements are addressed in parallel and the scan-in and scan-out operations are performed separately. The compaction techniques presented reduce the number of scan-in/out operations required by skipping scan operations that do not have an affect on fault coverage. The techniques allow the number of test cycles required to be reduced by up to 45% of that achieved using regular dynamic compaction techniques alone, and by up to 98% over that achieved using a single serial scan chain methodology. In addition, the techniques are suitable for both synchronous and asynchronous circuits.
Click synthesis of a novel triazole bridged AIE active cyclodextrin probe for specific detection of Cd<sup>2+</sup> (2015)

A novel aggregation induced emission (AIE) active cyclodextrin (CD) was synthesized by combining tetraphenylethene (TPE) and CD via click chemistry. The new material, which is the first reported clicked AIE probe for the specific detection of Cd(2+), exhibits an excellent selective turn-on fluorescence response to Cd(2+) in neutral environments, with a low detection limit of 0.01 µM.
Image of Siberia in Artist Aleskander Surikov's Works (2011)

~ ~ ~ This article is devoted to research in works of Siberian artist, Aleksandr Surikov (born in Irkutsk, lives and works in Krasnoyarsk). It contains reference to creative biography of the author: academic background and key exhibition projects. The article represents main artistic traditions, which the painter followed: Dadaism, futurism, primitive paintings, Art Brut, new British Art and some others. The artist's creative works are considered in fusion with poetic, pictorial and graphic pieces of his. Research in the painter's creative works resulted in distinguishing main creative techniques and principles forming the ground for the majority of his works.
Synthesis of Chiral Tryptamines via a Regioselective Indole Alkylation (2018)

A practical synthesis of chiral tryptamines from simple, unprotected indoles has been developed. Indole nucleophiles prepared with MeMgCl in the presence of CuCl reacted with chiral cyclic sulfamidates almost exclusively at the C<sup>3</sup>-position of indole to form a variety of α- and/or β-substituted chiral tryptamines in good yield with excellent regioselectivity. The utility of this simple alkylation process has been demonstrated with the practical synthesis of two biologically active targets, cipargamin and TIK-301, which were completed in three steps, starting from the corresponding indole starting materials.
Toward accurate polynomial evaluation in rounded arithmetic (short report) (2006)

Given a multivariate real (or complex) polynomial $p$ and a domain $cal D$, we would like to decide whether an algorithm exists to evaluate $p(x)$ accurately for all $x in {cal D}$ using rounded real (or complex) arithmetic. Here ``accurately'' means with relative error less than 1, i.e., with some correct leading digits. The answer depends on the model of rounded arithmetic: We assume that for any arithmetic operator $op(a,b)$, for example $a+b$ or $a cdot b$, its computed value is $op(a,b) cdot (1 + delta)$, where $| delta |$ is bounded by some constant $epsilon$ where $0 < epsilon ll 1$, but $delta$ is otherwise arbitrary. This model is the traditional one used to analyze the accuracy of floating point algorithms. Our ultimate goal is to establish a decision procedure that, for any $p$ and $cal D$, either exhibits an accurate algorithm or proves that none exists. In contrast to the case where numbers are stored and manipulated as finite bit strings (e.g., as floating point numbers or rational numbers) we show that some polynomials $p$ are impossible to evaluate accurately. The existence of an accurate algorithm will depend not just on $p$ and $cal D$, but on which arithmetic operators and constants are available to the algorithm and whether branching is permitted in the algorithm. Toward this goal, we present necessary conditions on $p$ for it to be accurately evaluable on open real or complex domains ${cal D}$. We also give sufficient conditions, and describe progress toward a complete decision procedure. We do present a complete decision procedure for homogeneous polynomials $p$ with integer coefficients, ${cal D} = C^n$, using only arithmetic operations $+$, $-$ and $cdot$.
Purification and Characterization of Serine Proteases That Exhibit Caspase-Like Activity and Are Associated with Programmed Cell Death in <i>Avena sativa</i> (2004)

Victoria blight of Avena sativa (oat) is caused by the fungus Cochliobolus victoriae, which is pathogenic because of the production of the toxin victorin. The victorin-induced response in sensitive A. sativa has been characterized as a form of programmed cell death (PCD) and displays morphological and biochemical features similar to apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, DNA laddering, cell shrinkage, altered mitochondrial function, and ordered, substrate-specific proteolytic events. Victorin-induced proteolysis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is shown to be prevented by caspase-specific and general protease inhibitors. Evidence is presented for a signaling cascade leading to Rubisco proteolysis that involves multiple proteases. Furthermore, two proteases that are apparently involved in the Rubisco proteolytic cascade were purified and characterized. These proteases exhibit caspase specificity and display amino acid sequences homologous to plant subtilisin-like Ser proteases. The proteases are constitutively present in an active form and are relocalized to the extracellular fluid after induction of PCD by either victorin or heat shock. The role of the enzymes as processive proteases involved in a signal cascade during the PCD response is discussed.
Indications and Standards for Cardiopulmonary Sleep Studies (1989)

"Indications and Standards for Cardiopulmonary Sleep Studies." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 140(1), pp. 264–265
23Na-NMR study of cation cotransport in human red blood cells (1992)

Na(+)-K+ cotransport in human erythrocytes from healthy subjects has been studied by means of 23Na-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the presence of the anionic paramagnetic shift reagent dysprosium (III) tripolyphosphate [Dy(PPP)2(7-)]. The intra- and extracellular 23Na-NMR signals were well separated, giving values of 6 +/- 1 mM for internal sodium concentration. Determination of the furosemide-sensitive Na+ efflux, in the presence of ouabain, was obtained by correlating the chemical shift variation of the external signal with changes in external Na+ concentration. For this purpose, calibration curves were generated. The values of the maximum efflux velocity (Vmax; 0.29-1 mmol.h-1.l cells-1) measured in 10 healthy adult male subjects were found to be within the range of values obtained by other authors. The NMR method proposed for the study of Na(+)-K+ cotransport is relatively simple and allows quick evaluation of cotransport Vmax values for a number of samples, being a good candidate for the study of this transport mechanism in the presence of different pathologies.
Effect of Humic Acid on Pyrene Removal from Water by Polycation-Clay Mineral Composites and Activated Carbon (2012)

Pyrene removal by polycation-montmorillonite (MMT) composites and granulated activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of humic acid (HA) was examined. Pyrene, HA, and sorbent interactions were characterized by FTIR, fluorescence and zeta measurements, adsorption, and column filtration experiments. Pyrene binding coefficients to the macromolecules were in the order of PVPcoS (poly-4-vinylpiridine-co-styrene) > HA > PDADMAC (poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium-chloride), correlating to pyrene-macromolecules compatibility. Electrostatic interactions explained the high adsorption of HA to both composites (∼100%), whereas HA adsorption by GAC was low. Pyrene removal by the composites, unlike GAC, was enhanced in the presence of HA; removal by PDADMAC-MMT increased from ∼50 (k(d) = 2.2 × 10(3) kg/L) to ∼70% (k(d) = 2.4 × 10(3) kg/L) in the presence of HA. This improvement was attributed to the adsorption of pyrene-HA complexes. PVPcoS-MMT was most efficient in removing pyrene (k(d) = 1.1 × 10(4) kg/L, >95% removal) which was explained in terms of specific π donor-π acceptor interactions. Pyrene uptake by column filters of GAC reached ∼50% and decreased to ∼30% in the presence of HA. Pyrene removal by the PVPcoS-MMT filter was significantly higher (100-85% removal), exhibiting only a small decrease in the presence of HA. The utilization of HA as an enhancing agent in pollutant removal is novel and of major importance in water treatment.