gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ideal PWM-VSI inverter using only one current sensor in the DC-link (1994)

This paper describes how to improve the performance of open loop, low cost PWM-VSI controlled AC machines by the use of one current sensor. The performance is especially improved at low speed where nonlinearities like blanking-time and voltage drop are dominant. An often used modulation technique is described and basic compensation techniques are presented. Only one current sensor in the DC link is used for reconstruction of all three phase currents and the currents are used for compensation. Different limitations are discussed. The compensation techniques are tested in a 16-bit microcontroller based inverter. Tests show that the phase currents can be reconstructed by measurement of the DC link current both at low and high speed. They also show that a highly improved torque-speed characteristic can be obtained by using the compensation techniques and an almost ideal inverter is obtained. >
Photonic crystal tapers for ultracompact mode conversion (2001)

We have studied the coupling of a classic ridge waveguide with a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) waveguide, using finite-difference time-domain calculations. The ridge waveguide exhibits only a weak refractive-index confinement of light, as it is commonly used in buried-heterostructure or ridge-waveguide lasers. The light is coupled to a PC waveguide that consists of one missing row along the ?K direction in a triangular lattice of air cylinders in AlGaAs. We compare various designs for PC tapers with that of a classic taper and for butt coupling. The calculation yields high coupling efficiency that exceeds 80% for a 2.5-microm-long PC taper. In addition, the dependence of the efficiency on the PC air-fill factor and on alignment tolerances is analyzed.
Freecursive ORAM (2015)

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive that hides memory access patterns as seen by untrusted storage. Recently, ORAM has been architected into secure processors. A big challenge for hardware ORAM schemes is how to efficiently manage the Position Map (PosMap), a central component in modern ORAM algorithms. Implemented naively, the PosMap causes ORAM to be fundamentally unscalable in terms of on-chip area. On the other hand, a technique called Recursive ORAM fixes the area problem yet significantly increases ORAM's performance overhead. To address this challenge, we propose three new mechanisms. We propose a new ORAM structure called the PosMap Lookaside Buffer (PLB) and PosMap compression techniques to reduce the performance overhead from Recursive ORAM empirically (the latter also improves the construction asymptotically). Through simulation, we show that these techniques reduce the memory bandwidth overhead needed to support recursion by 95%, reduce overall ORAM bandwidth by 37% and improve overall SPEC benchmark performance by 1.27x. We then show how our PosMap compression techniques further facilitate an extremely efficient integrity verification scheme for ORAM which we call PosMap MAC (PMMAC). For a practical parameterization, PMMAC reduces the amount of hashing needed for integrity checking by >= 68x relative to prior schemes and introduces only 7% performance overhead. We prototype our mechanisms in hardware and report area and clock frequency for a complete ORAM design post-synthesis and post-layout using an ASIC flow in a 32~nm commercial process. With 2 DRAM channels, the design post-layout runs at 1~GHz and has a total area of .47~mm2. Depending on PLB-specific parameters, the PLB accounts for 10% to 26% area. PMMAC costs 12% of total design area. Our work is the first to prototype Recursive ORAM or ORAM with any integrity scheme in hardware.
Double Knockouts of Phospholipases D<i>ζ</i>1 and D<i>ζ</i>2 in Arabidopsis Affect Root Elongation during Phosphate-Limited Growth But Do Not Affect Root Hair Patterning (2005)

Root elongation and root hair formation are important in nutrient absorption. We found that two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phospholipase Ds (PLDs), PLDzeta1 and PLDzeta2, were involved in root elongation during phosphate limitation. PLDzeta1 and PLDzeta2 are structurally different from the majority of plant PLDs by having phox and pleckstrin homology domains. Both PLDzetas were expressed more in roots than in other tissues. It was reported previously that inducible suppression or inducible overexpression of PLDzeta1 affected root hair patterning. However, gene knockouts of PLDzeta1, PLDzeta2, or the double knockout of PLDzeta1 and PLDzeta2 showed no effect on root hair formation. The expression of PLDzetas increased in response to phosphate limitation. The elongation of primary roots in PLDzeta1 and PLDzeta2 double knockout mutants was slower than that of wild type and single knockout mutants. The loss of PLDzeta2, but not PLDzeta1, led to a decreased accumulation of phosphatidic acid in roots under phosphate-limited conditions. These results indicate that PLDzeta1 and PLDzeta2 play a role in regulating root development in response to nutrient limitation.
Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor P40 (1989)

We used functional expression cloning in mammalian cells to identify a cDNA clone encoding a hematopoietic growth factor that is mitogenic for the factor-dependent human megakaryoblastic leukemic cell line, MO7E. Analysis of the sequence of this cDNA revealed striking similarity to that of a recently reported novel murine growth factor for helper T-cell clones designated T-cell growth factor P40. The mRNA for the human P40 protein is expressed by several different human T-cell lines and by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The recombinant protein displays substantial size heterogeneity typical of other glycoprotein cytokines. These properties plus the observation that this cytokine may well act within both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages warrant the designation of P40 as interleukin-9.
Adipocytes as a vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy: Novel replacement therapy for diabetes and other metabolic diseases (2011)

Because of its availability and recent advances in cell biology, adipose tissue is now considered an ideal target site for the preparation of recipient cells and for the transplantation of gene-transduced cells for supplementation of therapeutic proteins. Inherited or acquired serum protein deficiencies are the ideal targets for gene therapy. However, to develop an effective ex vivo gene therapy-based protein replacement treatment, the requirements for the recipient cells are different from those for standard gene therapy that is intended to correct the function of the recipient cells themselves. To meet the requirements for such a therapeutic strategy, recent in vitro and animal model studies have developed new methods for the preparation, culture, expansion and manipulation of adipose cells using advanced gene transduction methods and transplantation scaffolds. In this short review, we introduce the progress made in novel adipose tissue-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of protein deficiencies by our group and other investigators, and describe their future applications for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00133.x, 2011).
CROSS-LINKING OF HYDROXY-TERMINATED LIQUID POLYBUTADIENE BY TRI- AND TETRAMERS OF PHOSPHORUS DICHLORIDE NITRIDE (1977)

二塩化窒化リンの三量体及び四量体の混合物 (PNC) を用いて, 水酸基末端液状ポリブタジエン(HT-BR)を架橋し, 架橋ゴムの諸性質について検討した. 1,4-ジアザビシクロ〔2,2,2〕オクタンが, 架橋の際に用いる脱塩化水素剤として優れていることがわかった. HT-BRの水酸基に対するPNC中の塩素の当量比Cl/OHが3の場合に, 架橋ゴムの網目鎖濃度が極大値に達し, ベンゼン可溶部は極小値を示した. 架橋温度が高くなるほど, 網目鎖濃度が減少する傾向にあり, PNC架橋は低温で長時間行うほど好ましいことがわかった.架橋ゴムの難燃性を検討したところ, PNCの配合量と共に酸素指数が増加し, トリレンジイソシアナート(TDI)架橋体よりも優れた難燃性を示すことがわかった. また両者の熱重量分析曲線を解析した結果, PNC架橋体はTDI架橋体に比べて, 熱分解における見かけの活性化エネルギーは小さく, 反応次数は大きいことがわかった. しかし, PNC架橋体はTDI架橋体に比べて, 耐アルカリ加水分解性が低いことが示された.
Wnt induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy through the Runx2 transcription factor (2006)

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying canonical Wnt-mediated regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy using chick upper sternal chondrocytes. Replication competent avian sarcoma (RCAS) viral over-expression of Wnt8c and Wnt9a, upregulated type X collagen (col10a1) and Runx2 mRNA expression thereby inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy. Wnt8c and Wnt9a strongly inhibited mRNA levels of Sox9 and type II collagen (col2a1). Wnt8c further enhanced canonical bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2)-induced expression of Runx2 and col10a1 while Wnt8c and Wnt9a inhibited TGF-beta-induced expression of Sox9 and col2a1. Over-expression of beta-catenin mimics the effect of Wnt8c and Wnt9a by upregulating Runx2, col10a1, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) mRNA levels while it inhibits col2a1 transcription. Western blot analysis shows that Wnt8c and beta-catenin also induces Runx2 protein levels in chondrocytes. Thus, our results indicate that activation of the canonical beta-catenin Wnt signaling pathway induces chondrocyte hypertrophy and maturation. We further investigated the effects of beta-catenin-TCF/Lef on Runx2 promoter. Co-transfection of lymphoid enhancer factor (Lef1) and beta-catenin in chicken upper sternal chondrocytes together with deletion constructs of the Runx2 promoter shows that the proximal region spanning the first 128 base pairs of this promoter is responsible for the Wnt-mediated induction of Runx2. Mutation of the TCF/Lef binding site in the -128 fragment of the Runx2 promoter resulted in loss of its responsiveness to beta-catenin. Additionally, gel-shift assay analyses determined the DNA/protein interaction of the TCF/Lef binding sites on the Runx2 promoter. Finally, our site-directed mutagenesis data demonstrated that the Runx2 site on type X collagen promoter is required for canonical Wnt induction of col10a1. Altogether we demonstrate that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is regulated by TGF-beta and BMP-2 in chick upper sternal chondrocytes, and mediates chondrocyte hypertrophy at least partly through activation of Runx2 which in turn may induce col10a1 expression.
Characterization of Human Constitutive Photomorphogenesis Protein 1, a RING Finger Ubiquitin Ligase That Interacts with Jun Transcription Factors and Modulates Their Transcriptional Activity (2003)

RING finger proteins have been implicated in many fundamental cellular processes, including the control of gene expression. A key regulator of light-dependent development in Arabidopsis thaliana is the constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (atCOP1), a RING finger protein that plays an essential role in translating light/dark signals into specific changes in gene transcription. atCOP1 binds the basic leucine zipper factor HY5 and suppresses its transcriptional activity through a yet undefined mechanism that results in HY5 degradation in response to darkness. Furthermore, the pleiotropic phenotype of atCOP1 mutants indicates that atCOP1 may be a central regulator of several transcriptional pathways. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the human orthologue of atCOP1. Human COP1 (huCOP1) distributes both to the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells and shows a striking degree of sequence conservation with atCOP1, suggesting the possibility of a functional conservation as well. In co-immunoprecipitation assays huCOP1 specifically binds basic leucine zipper factors of the Jun family. As a functional consequence of this interaction, expression of huCOP1 in mammalian cells down-regulates c-Jun-dependent transcription and the expression of the AP-1 target genes, urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase 1. The RING domain of huCOP1 displays ubiquitin ligase activity in an autoubiquitination assay in vitro; however, suppression of AP-1-dependent transcription by huCOP1 occurs in the absence of changes in c-Jun protein levels, suggesting that this inhibitory effect is independent of c-Jun degradation. Our findings indicate that huCOP1 is a novel regulator of AP-1-dependent transcription sharing the important properties of Arabidopsis COP1 in the control of gene expression.
High-density and well-ordered Si-nanodisk array with controllable band gap energy and high photon absorption coefficient for all-silicon tandem solar cell applications (2010)

All-Si tandem solar cells comprising quantum dot superlattice (QDSL) have attracted much attention. However, a fabrication to realize uniform and controllable QD size (determines band gap (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> )) and spacing between QDs (generates miniband) in QDSL is still a big challenge. In this study, we created a two-dimensional sub-10nm-Si-nano-disk array (2D Si-ND array) with a high-density and well-ordered arrangement using bio-template (Iron-oxide core) as a φ-7-nm-etching-mask and an advanced etching process that included NF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> treatment and damage-free neutral beam (NB) etching. The 2D Si-ND array shows high photon absorption coefficient (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) and high PL intensity at room temperature owing to high-density 2D Si-ND (>7×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ) and narrow spacing. The E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> and PL emission peaks can be easily controlled by changing the ND thickness. The E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> varied from 2.2 to 1.4 eV. To realize tandem solar cells, we also investigated fabricating stacked NDs, which is to stack the NDs along the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> dimension. The NDs were separated by 1-2nm-thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> that was formed by our developed NB oxidation (NBO) at 300°C. The tunneling current can be controlled by changing the tunneling junction thickness using NBO. Those results support the feasibility of our proposed processes for the high-efficiency all-Si tandem solar cells comprising QDSL.
A re-examination of the osteocytic network of interdental bone. (1983)

A new method for removal of bone minerals and matrix was used in this study to expose osteocytes and osteocytic processes for examination by techniques of scanning electron microscopy. Osteocytes demonstrated more numerous Type II junctions with osteocytic processes than had previously been recognized. The network of osteocytic processes was extensive and exhibited several structural modifications for more efficient transport: rings and branching. Adjacent osteocytes were connected by osteocytic processes suggesting a functional syncytium. The study suggests that the network of osteocytes and osteocytic processes is more extensive and complex than previously recognized.
Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction and Panoramic Optical Mapping of Large Hearts (2004)

Optical mapping of electrical activity from the surface of the heart is a powerful tool for studying complex arrhythmias. However, a limitation of traditional optical mapping is that the mapped region is restricted to the field of view of the sensor, which makes it difficult to track electrical waves as they drift in and out of view. To address this, we developed an optical system that panoramically maps epicardial electrical activity in three dimensions. The system was engineered to accomodate hearts comparable in size to human hearts. It is comprised of a surface scanner that measures epicardial geometry and a panoramic fluorescence imaging system that records electrical activity. Custom software texture maps the electrical data onto a reconstructed epicardial surface. The result is a high resolution, spatially contiguous, mapping dataset. In addition, the three-dimensional positions of the recording sites are known, making it possible to accurately measure parameters that require geometric information, such as propagation velocity. In this paper, we describe the system and demonstrate it by mapping a swine heart.
Improving H.264/AVC Inter Compression with Multiscale Recurrent Patterns (2006)

In this paper we describe the ongoing work on a new paradigm for compressing the motion predicted error in a video coder, referred to as MMP-Video. This new coding algorithm uses the multidimensional multiscale parser image coding algorithm to encode the residue error, in a H.264/AVC based video coder. MMP has shown to perform very well as a universal still image coding method, particularly when it is combined with intra prediction schemes. In addition, previously published preliminary results have also presented MMP as a promising video coding method. In this paper, we propose new dictionary updating techniques for MMP-video. Along with other functional optimizations, these techniques allow for a significant improvement in the encoder performance. Thus, we were able to achieve considerable gains over H.264/AVC for B slices, specially for medium and high bit-rates, while maintaining equivalent performance for the P slices.
Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolysis Using Ion-Solvating Polymer Electrolyte Membranes at Reduced KOH Concentrations (2016)

Membranes based on poly(2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole) (m-PBI) can dissolve large amounts of aqueous KOH to give electrolyte systems with ion conductivity in a practically useful range. The conductivity of the membrane strongly depends on the concentration of the aqueous KOH phase, reaching about 10−1 S cm−1 or higher in 15–25 wt% KOH. Herein, m-PBI membranes are systematically characterized with respect to performance and short-term stability as electrolyte in a zero-gap alkaline water electrolyzer at different KOH concentrations. Using plain uncatalyzed nickel foam electrodes, the cell based on m-PBI outperforms the cell based on the commercially available state-of-the-art diaphragm and reaches a current density of 1500 mA cm−2 at 2.4 V in 20 wt% KOH at 80°C. The cell performance remained stable during two days of operation, though post analysis of the membrane using size exclusion chromatography and spectroscopy reveal evidence of oxidative degradation of the base polymer at KOH concentrations of 15 wt% and higher.
THE EXPERIMENTS ON LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN ARTS (1995)

The Lateral-Longitudinal (L-L) Control System in ARTS executes consecutive communication between vehicles and roadside units, exchanging dynamic information about traffic conditions in real time. The information assists drivers and allows them to give adequate space to other vehicles in the immediate vicinity by controlling the position of the motorist's vehicle. Thus, the system helps drivers perceive and recognize the driving environment by providing information in a timely fashion and enabling them to make more informed decisions. In the future, the system is aiming toward full-fledged automated driving operations. The system concept is designed to phase in technologies as the system develops new levels, including: warning level by providing information, driving assistance level, and full-fledged operation level. This paper outlines the formation of each level and discusses the experimental system components in existence since 1994 as well as items for assessment.
Predictive technology model for nano-CMOS design exploration (2007)

A predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. In this work, a new generation of Predictive Technology Model (PTM) is developed, covering emerging physical effects and alternative structures, such as the double-gate device (i.e., FinFET). Based on physical models and early stage silicon data, PTM of bulk and double-gate devices are successfully generated from 130nm to 32nm technology nodes, with effective channel length down to 13nm. By tuning only ten primary parameters, PTM can be easily customized to cover a wide range of process uncertainties. The accuracy of PTM predictions is comprehensively verified with published silicon data: the error of the current is below 10% for both NMOS and PMOS. Furthermore, the new PTM correctly captures process sensitivities in the nanometer regime. PTM is available online at http://www.eas.asu.edu/~ptm.
A novel proposal for the assessment of sunscreen product efficacy against UVA (1987)

Synopsis The ideal characteristics are outlined for an assessment method for the protective properties of sunscreen products against UVA. Existing sun protection factors (SPFs) are reliant on largely UVB-induced delayed erythema, which is inappropriate for the UVA. A novel instrumental method for assessing a protection index is detailed which is applicable to the UVA. The validation of the method relies on measurements in the UVB and comparison with conventional SPFs, since no reliable UVA protection index exists. The method uses UV transparent skin casts to which products can be applied. Throughput of appropriately filtered light, with and without applied product, is measured to generate a protection index. Comparison with SPFs confirms that the measurements are similar to those generated by in vivo methods, but that careful choice of the casting medium is essential.
Myogenic progenitor cell transplantation for muscle regeneration following hindlimb ischemia and reperfusion (2021)

WIT-induced IRI in muscle requests increased numbers of injected MPC to engraft and persist, suggesting a possible rational for cell therapy to antagonize IRI. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the regenerative capacity and therapeutic advantage of MPC in the setting of ischemic limb injury.
High-accuracy four-dimensional trajectory prediction for civil aircraft (2012)

Abstract Current state-of-the-art trajectory prediction tools typically model aircraft as three-dimensional point-masses, and make a number of simplifying assumptions about the actual and anticipated dynamics states of the aircraft. They are typically based on predefined settings obtained from existing databases such as Eurocontrol’s Bada rather than real-time information, including on the environment, available onboard the aircraft. This significantly limits trajectory prediction performance. This paper proposes a high-accuracy four-dimensional trajectory prediction model for use onboard civil aircraft, as well as by ground-based systems, which addresses these limitations. It is designed for strategic traffic capacity optimisation and conflict-detection and resolution over time-horizons covering the entire duration of a flight. The model incorporates a number of features including a novel flight-control-system and an enhanced flight-script that incorporates new taxonomy and content thereby enabling better definition of aircraft intent. The accuracy of the model is characterised using operational data acquired during a real flight trial. Results show that the performance of the proposed model is significantly better than the current models. Its accuracy is better than the required navigation performance for departure, en route and Non-Precision-Approach phases of flight.