gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycosylation via Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub>/AgClO<sub>4</sub>-Mediated Activation of Anomeric Sulfoxides (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTGlycosylation via Cp2ZrCl2/AgClO4-Mediated Activation of Anomeric SulfoxidesPeter Wipf and Jonathan T. ReevesView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 23, 7910–7914Publication Date (Web):October 19, 2001Publication History Received19 July 2001Published online19 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo015952hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo015952hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Free radicals,Oxides,Post-translational modification,Reagents Get e-Alerts
An organic template approach for the synthesis of selectively functionalised tetraazacycloalkanes (2002)

Selectively functionalised tetraazacycloalkanes are obtained from the open-chain tetraamine by using a bisaminal moiety acting both as a template agent and as a N-protecting group.
HOW R&D IS SHAPING THE 21ST CENTURY RAILROAD (1998)

An industry shaped by the 19th Century and heavy with assets whose useful lives run to half centuries can be expected to approach the technologies of the new millennium with caution. With a.c. traction locomotives now widely in use, the two new technologies at the frontier of railroad research and development are electronically controlled pneumatic brakes (ECP) and positive train separation - and its cousin, positive train control (PTS/PTC). ECP and PTS/PTC appear to be the two technologies most likely to propel railroad productivity gains in the next century. This article looks at those and some other technological innovations suitable for railroads.
Proton Conductive Polyimide Electrolytes Containing Fluorenyl Groups:  Synthesis, Properties, and Branching Effect (2004)

Novel sulfonated polyimide copolymers as electrolytes for high-temperature fuel cell applications are reported. A series of sulfonated polyimide copolymers (SPIH-X; X refers to molar percentage of fluorenyl content) containing 0−60 mol % of fluorenyl groups as hydrophobic component were synthesized, of which electrolyte properties were investigated and compared to those of the perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion 112). High-molecular-weight copolymers with good film-forming capability were obtained. Thermal stability with decomposition temperature of ca. 280 °C and no glass transition temperature was confirmed for the copolymers. SPIH shows unique water uptake behavior with the maximum value of 57 wt % at X = 30. Water molecules absorbed in the electrolyte membrane with this specific composition do not evaporate easily so that the high proton conductivity of 1.67 S cm-1 was obtained at 120 °C and 100% RH. The branching and cross-linking of SPIH-30 were carried out by applying 2 mol % of trifunctional monomer (melamine) in the polymerization and by electron beam irradiation upon the membrane. The branching and cross-linking are effective to improve oxidative stability and mechanical strength. Although the proton conductivity decreases slightly by the branching and cross-linking, it still remains at the comparable level to that of Nafion 112.
Convenient criterion for the distinction between electrophilic and electron transfer reactions of electron‐rich alkenes (1998)

Both experimental and theoretical studies confirm that the formation of aryl vinyl ether and aryl vinyl sulfide cation radicals from the corresponding neutral substrates correlates with the Brown σ+ parameters as opposed to Hammett σ values. Peak oxidation potentials for both classes of substrates correlate preferentially with σ+, as do gas-phase ionization energies calculated by both semi-empirical and ab initio methods. In contrast, the protonation energies of the same substrates, which relate to carbocation formation, correlate preferentially with σ values, as do rates of protonation and other electrophilic additions. These observations permit a sharp distinction between electrophilic and electron transfer reactions of these two common classes of electron-rich substrates. Using this criterion, the cycloadditions of tetracyanoethylene to these substrates are found to proceed via an electrophilic mechanism, rather than by a previously proposed electron transfer mechanism. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chinazolinone, 5. Mitt. Synthese von 3‐Chloracylamino‐2‐methyl‐4(3<i>H</i>)‐chinazolinon‐Derivaten mit antikonvulsiver und hypnotischer Wirkung (1986)

Abstract Ausgehend von den 3‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐4(3 H )‐chinazolinonen 1 wurden durch Acylierung die Amide 3a–h erhalten. Kondensation mit Imidazol bzw. 4‐Methylimidazol ergab die Imidazolderivate 4a–h bzw. die 2‐Pyrrolidone 5a,b . Die meisten dieser Verbindungen zeigen signifikante antikonvulsive und hypnotische Wirkungen.
A laser-diode-based picosecond electrooptic prober for high-speed LSIs (1992)

An external electrooptic (EO) prober to diagnose high-speed LSIs is described. The prober employs a GaAs probe tip as a proximity electric field sensor and a semiconductor laser diode as an optical sampling pulse source. Polarization detection optics of the prober are compactly implemented in a specially designed electrooptic sampling (EOS) module. Accurate and reproducible measurement is achieved with the module and a precise EO probe positioner. The minimum detectable voltage is 16 mV/ square root Hz, which is sufficient to measure an emitter-coupled logic (ECL) level signal of less than 1 V. The temporal resolution is 24 ps, which is now limited by the optical sampling pulsewidth. The system is successfully applied to measure waveforms of internal nodes of gigahertz-band LSIs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dendrigraft polystyrene initiated by poly(p-chloromethyl styrene): synthesis and properties (1999)

Dendrigraft polystyrene was prepared using poly(p-chloromethyl styrene) as the multicentre initiator by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The resulting polymer was characterized with light scattering, intrinsic viscosity, thermal analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The AFM image showed there were two kinds of different structural dendrigraft polystyrenes in the product, ie the ‘coupling’ dendrigraft polystyrene and ‘free’ dendrigraft polystyrene. The ‘coupling’ structure might result from the coupling reaction of growing radical chain ends. The second virial coefficient A2 and intrinsic viscosity of the dendrigraft polystyrene were smaller than those of the relative linear and twelve-arm star polystyrene, and the thermal analysis showed that the initial decomposition temperature was a little higher than that of linear polystyrene. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Generation of Highly Charged Peptide and Protein Ions by Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Infrared Laser Desorption/Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (2007)

We show that highly charged ions can be generated if a pulsed infrared laser and a glycerol matrix are employed for atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with a quadrupole ion trap. Already for small peptides like bradykinin, doubly protonated ions form the most abundant analyte signal in the mass spectra. The center of the charge-state distribution increases with the size of the analyte. For example, insulin is detected with a most abundant ion signal corresponding to a charge state of four, whereas for cytochrome c, the 10 times protonated ion species produces the most intense signal. Myoglobin is observed with up to 13 charges. The high m/z ratios allow us to use the Paul trap for the detection of MALDI-generated protein ions that are, owing to their high molecular weight, not amenable in their singly protonated charge state. Formation of multiple charges critically depends on the addition of diluted acid to the analyte-matrix solution. Tandem mass spectra generated by collision-induced dissociation of doubly charged peptides are also presented. The findings allow speculations about the involvement of electrospray ionization processes in these MALDI experiments.
Neuromuscular efficiency of the sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscles in patients with chronic neck pain (2004)

Reduced NME in the superficial cervical flexor muscles in patients with neck pain may be a measurable altered muscle strategy for dysfunction in other muscles. This aberrant pattern of muscle activation appears to be most evident under conditions of low load. NME, when measured at 25% MVC, may be a useful objective measure for future investigation of muscle dysfunction in patients with neck pain.
Stealth Peptides Target Cellular Powerhouses to Fight Rare and Common Age-Related Diseases (2018)

In preclinical disease models, these peptides have been shown to repair damaged mitochondria and promote cellular repair and restore function. By mitigating cell injury, these peptides prevent inflammatory responses that can result in chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. This peptide technology platform represents a paradigm shift in targeting the fundamental cause of cellular energy failure for age-related degenerative diseases.
Ultrafast magnetization reversal by picosecond electrical pulses (2017)

The field of spintronics involves the study of both spin and charge transport in solid-state devices. Ultrafast magnetism involves the use of femtosecond laser pulses to manipulate magnetic order on subpicosecond time scales. We unite these phenomena by using picosecond charge current pulses to rapidly excite conduction electrons in magnetic metals. We observe deterministic, repeatable ultrafast reversal of the magnetization of a GdFeCo thin film with a single sub-10-ps electrical pulse. The magnetization reverses in ~10 ps, which is more than one order of magnitude faster than any other electrically controlled magnetic switching, and demonstrates a fundamentally new electrical switching mechanism that does not require spin-polarized currents or spin-transfer/orbit torques. The energy density required for switching is low, projecting to only 4 fJ needed to switch a (20 nm)<sup>3</sup> cell. This discovery introduces a new field of research into ultrafast charge current-driven spintronic phenomena and devices.
Testing Multiple Coordination Constraints with a Novel Bimanual Visuomotor Task (2011)

The acquisition of a new bimanual skill depends on several motor coordination constraints. To date, coordination constraints have often been tested relatively independently of one another, particularly with respect to isofrequency and multifrequency rhythms. Here, we used a new paradigm to test the interaction of multiple coordination constraints. Coordination constraints that were tested included temporal complexity, directionality, muscle grouping, and hand dominance. Twenty-two healthy young adults performed a bimanual dial rotation task that required left and right hand coordination to track a moving target on a computer monitor. Two groups were compared, either with or without four days of practice with augmented visual feedback. Four directional patterns were tested such that both hands moved either rightward (clockwise), leftward (counterclockwise), inward or outward relative to each other. Seven frequency ratios (3∶1, 2∶1, 3∶2, 1∶1, 2∶3. 1∶2, 1∶3) between the left and right hand were introduced. As expected, isofrequency patterns (1∶1) were performed more successfully than multifrequency patterns (non 1∶1). In addition, performance was more accurate when participants were required to move faster with the dominant right hand (1∶3, 1∶2 and 2∶3) than with the non-dominant left hand (3∶1, 2∶1, 3∶2). Interestingly, performance deteriorated as the relative angular velocity between the two hands increased, regardless of whether the required frequency ratio was an integer or non-integer. This contrasted with previous finger tapping research where the integer ratios generally led to less error than the non-integer ratios. We suggest that this is due to the different movement topologies that are required of each paradigm. Overall, we found that this visuomotor task was useful for testing the interaction of multiple coordination constraints as well as the release from these constraints with practice in the presence of augmented visual feedback.
Distributed Bragg feedback intensity modulator in Ti:LiNbO <sub>3</sub> (2005)

A distributed feedback electro-optic intensity modulator in Ti:LiNbO3, utilising Bragg reflectors etched in an amorphous Si overlay film, is demonstrated. A maximum modulation depth of 94% is realised at an operating wavelength of 1542 nm.
Epidermal growth factor receptor metabolism and protein kinase activity in human A431 cells infected with Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus or harvey or Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (1983)

When human A431 cells, which carry high numbers of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, are exposed to EGF, the total content of phosphotyrosine in cell protein is increased, the EGF receptor becomes phosphorylated at tyrosine, and new phosphotyrosine-containing 36,000- and 81,000-dalton proteins are detected. We examined the properties of A431 cells infected with Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus, whose transforming protein has associated tyrosine protein kinase activity, and Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses, whose transforming proteins do not. In all cases, the infected cells were more rounded and more capable of anchorage-independent growth than the uninfected cells. EGF receptors were assayed functionally by measuring EGF binding and structurally by metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation. In no case did infection appear to alter the rate of EGF receptor synthesis, but infection reduced EGF receptor stability by about 50% for cloned Harvey sarcoma virus-infected cells and by 80% for cloned feline sarcoma virus-infected cells. The corresponding reductions in EGF binding were 70 and 90%, respectively. The proteins of feline sarcoma virus-infected A431 cells contained an increased amount of phosphotyrosine, and the 36,000- and 81,000-dalton phosphoproteins were detected. The EGF receptor was not detectably phosphorylated at tyrosine, however, unless the cells were exposed to EGF. The Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma virus-infected cells did not exhibit elevated levels of phosphotyrosine either in the total cell proteins or in the EGF receptor, nor were the 36,000- and 81,000-dalton proteins detectable. However, these phosphoproteins were found in the infected cells after EGF treatment. Thus, all of the infected A431 cells exhibited reduced EGF binding and increased degradation of EGF receptors, yet their patterns of protein phosphorylation were distinct from those of EGF-treated A431 cells.
Chemistry of butter and butter making II. The nature of the fatty materials in buttermilk and the significance of certain buttermilk testing methods (1935)

A study of the nature of the fatty materials in buttermilk and the methods that might be employed to test the product for fat is important from several standpoints. The creamery operator continually asks, "What is the best method of testing buttermilk for fat?" ; the research worker is unable to correlate existing data, since different testing methods are employed by different workers; comparisons of different testing methods have been published without any serious attempt having been made to explain the differences which exist between them; "fat" analyses ranging from 0.10 to 0.65 percent may be obtained with the same sample of buttermilk if different testing methods are employed; the Rose-Gottlieb method, which has been accepted as a standard for the determination of fat in milk and milk products, has been seriously questioned as a testing method for buttermilk by certain workers; and finally, fat loss studies are frequently expressed as buttermilk tests, a fact which makes them useless for purposes of comparison.
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results. (1991)

Aspirin and warfarin are both effective in reducing ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Because warfarin-eligible patients composed a subset of all aspirin-eligible patients, the magnitude of reduction in events by warfarin versus aspirin cannot be compared. Too few events occurred in warfarin-eligible patients to directly assess the relative benefit of aspirin compared with warfarin, and the trial is continuing to address this issue. Patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation who can safely take either aspirin or warfarin should receive prophylactic antithrombotic therapy to reduce the risk of stroke.
Optical Modeling and Simulation of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices (2013)

In wafer-based and thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices, the management of light is a crucial aspect of optimization since trapping sunlight in active parts of PV devices is essential for efficient energy conversions. Optical modeling and simulation enable efficient analysis and optimization of the optical situation in optoelectronic and PV devices.
Thomas point process in pulse, particle, and photon detection (1983)

Multiplication effects in point processes are important in a number of areas of electrical engineering and physics. We examine the properties and applications of a point process that arises when each event of a primary Poisson process generates a random number of subsidiary events with a given time course. The multiplication factor is assumed to obey the Poisson probability law, and the dynamics of the time delay are associated with a linear filter of arbitrary impulse response function; special attention is devoted to the rectangular and exponential case. Primary events are included in the final point process, which is expected to have applications in pulse, particle, and photon detection. We refer to this as the Thomas point process since the counting distribution reduces to the Thomas distribution in the limit of long counting times. Explicit results are obtained for the singlefold and multifold counting statistics (distribution of the number of events registered in a fixed counting time), the time statistics (forward recurrence time and interevent probability densities), and the counting correlation function (noise properties). These statistics can provide substantial insight into the underlying physical mechanisms generating the process. An example of the applicability of the model is provided by betaluminescence photons produced in a glass photomultiplier tube, when Cherenkov events are also present.
A study of the correlations between Augmented Reality and its ability to influence user behavior (2015)

Video game play is traditionally associated with sedentary activity, but it may be possible in the new mobile, ubiquitous game play paradigm to encourage users to engage in healthy exercise. Augmented Reality may be an ideal vehicle for this type of change, as it can add virtual game elements to a user's physical world. In this paper, we leveraged concepts drawn from mobile health monitoring as well as game design to discover whether a mobile platform with Augmented Reality game elements could have a greater effect on user health behavior than a platform with no ties to the physical world. We created a game (Imaginary Dragon) which allowed the user to care for a virtual pet by engaging in short breaks from sedentary activity. In a short term 30 person study, users indicated a strong preference for the game that contained AR elements. In a longer term study of 15 participants, it was found that the game with AR elements was used approximately ten times more than the game without AR elements.
Backward supercontinuum emission from a filament generated by ultrashort laser pulses in air (2001)

Backward emission of the supercontinuum from a light filament induced by high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air has been observed to be enhanced compared with linear Rayleigh-Mie scattering. This enhancement is interpreted as a nonlinear scattering process onto longitudinal refractive-index changes induced by the laser pulse itself. The spectral dependence of the supercontinuum angular distribution is also investigated.
Handling of artificial membranes using electrowetting-actuated droplets on a microfluidic device combined with integrated pA-measurements (2012)

Artificial membranes, as a controllable environment, are an essential tool to study membrane proteins. Electrophysiology provides information about the ion transport mechanism across a membrane at the single-protein level. Unfortunately, high-throughput studies and screening are not accessible to electrophysiology because it is a set of not automated and technically delicate methods. Therefore, it is necessary to automate and parallelize electrophysiology measurement in artificial membranes. Here, we present a first step toward this goal: the fabrication and characterization of a microfluidic device integrating electrophysiology measurements and the handling of an artificial membrane which includes its formation, its displacement and the separation of its leaflets using electrowetting actuation of sub-μL droplets. To validate this device, we recorded the insertion of a model porin, α-hemolysin.
Slater-Pauling behavior and origin of the half-metallicity of the full-Heusler alloys (2002)

Using the full-potential screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method we study the full-Heusler alloys based on Co, Fe, Rh, and Ru. We show that many of these compounds show a half-metallic behavior; however, in contrast to the half-Heusler alloys the energy gap in the minority band is extremely small due to states localized only at the Co (Fe, Rh, or Ru) sites which are not present in the half-Heusler compounds. The full-Heusler alloys show a Slater-Pauling behavior and the total spin magnetic moment per unit cell ${(M}_{t})$ scales with the total number of valence electrons ${(Z}_{t})$ following the rule ${M}_{t}{=Z}_{t}\ensuremath{-}24.$ We explain why the spin-down band contains exactly 12 electrons using arguments based on group theory and show that this rule holds also for compounds with less than 24 valence electrons. Finally we discuss the deviations from this rule and the differences compared to the half-Heusler alloys.
Real-time systems and their programming languages (1990)

A survey of real-time systems and the programming languages used in their development. Shows how modern real-time programming techniques are used in a wide variety of applications, including robotics, factory automation, and control. A critical requirement for such systems is that the software must