gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular Cryocrystallography: Cooling, Mounting, Storage and Transportation of Crystals (1998)

Simple methods are presented for handling, mounting, storage and transportation of crystals at cryogenic temperatures. They are easy to learn and have a number of technical and operational advantages over currently popular methods. In particular, the temperature of the crystal throughout all manipulations is known; it is shown never to rise above that of the warmest component of the cryogenic system, typically the cold gas stream of the low-temperature apparatus. Crystals can be mounted and inspected in the home laboratory prior to transportation to a synchrotron, giving dramatic savings in experimental time and effort. Provided appropriate care is taken, crystals remain frost free throughout any number of mount–dismount cycles.
Evaluating WordNet Features in Text Classification Models. (2006)

Incorporating semantic features from the WordNet lexical database is among one of the many approaches that have been tried to improve the predictive performance of text classifica-tion models. The intuition behind this is that keywords in the training set alone may not be extensive enough to enable generation of a universal model for a category, but if we in-corporate the word relationships in WordNet, a more accu-rate model may be possible. Other researchers have previ-ously evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating WordNet synonyms, hypernyms, and hyponyms into text classification models. Generally, they have found that improvements in accuracy using features derived from these relationships are dependent upon the nature of the text corpora from which the document collections are extracted. In this paper, we not only reconsider the role of WordNet synonyms, hypernyms, and hyponyms in text classification models, we also consider the role of WordNet meronyms and holonyms. Incorporating these WordNet relationships into a Coordinate Matching clas-sifier, a Naive Bayes classifier, and a Support Vector Machine classifier, we evaluate our approach on six document collec-tions extracted from the Reuters-21578, USENET, and Digi-Trad text corpora. Experimental results show that none of the WordNet relationships were effective at increasing the accu-racy of the Naive Bayes classifier. Synonyms, hypernyms, and holonyms were effective at increasing the accuracy of the Coordinate Matching classifier, and hypernyms were effec-tive at increasing the accuracy of the SVM classifier.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE SHEEP: EFFECT OF THE CONCEPTUS ON LUTEAL FUNCTION AT SEVERAL STAGES DURING PREGNANCY (1969)

SUMMARY The relationship between the conceptus and the corpus luteum during the first 90 days of pregnancy was determined in sheep which were made unilaterally pregnant by egg transfer 4 or 5 days after oestrus. Additional corpora lutea were established approximately 24 hr. after an injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin given on day 20, 30, 50 or 70, and 18–24 days later the sheep were killed. When 17 unilaterally pregnant ewes, in which new corpora lutea had been induced on or before day 31, were killed, only the corpora lutea on the same side as the gravid horn were still functional; total regression of the corpora lutea had occurred in the ovary adjacent to the non-gravid horn. In 13 out of 14 sheep in which corpora lutea had been induced on day 51 or 71, the luteal tissue was still present in both ovaries at autopsy. Thus a local effect is exerted during the first one-third of pregnancy by conceptuses confined to one uterine horn, but this effect changes to a more general one about day 50. In five sheep, embryos were allowed to develop in an intact uterus and under these conditions no unilateral effect could be demonstrated on corpora lutea induced on day 31.
Carbonate production and stratigraphic architecture of shelf-margin wedges (Cretaceous, Vercors): lessons from a stratigraphic modelling approach (2008)

This work was presented at the EAGE workshop in Grenoble. Its purpose was to illustrate a stratigraphic modelling approach on a single schematic 2D case and to discuss which sedimentary features are imaged on synthetic seismic sections at different frequencies. The Vercors plateau carbonate sequence, deposited during the Barremian to Early Aptian, was considered. Modelling hypotheses constrained mainly the depositional time length and the geometry of each sequence. In addition, it was assumed that most of the carbonates were produced in situ . The stratigraphic modelling approach and lessons from the simulation results are presented, followed by a discussion of how stratigraphic modelling can be a helpful tool to validate or question the geological model. In order to reproduce the sequence geometries, rates of carbonate production needed to be changed between regressive and transgressive periods. Simulated sea-level changes do not match the geological estimations from field interpretation but they are in agreement with the magnitude of sea-level curve variations, with the exception of the early Barremian sequences. Qualitative and quantitative results from the model simulations help to question or validate the geological model. Stratigraphic modelling provides some insight into the way the carbonate system may have worked. Secondly, for a smaller 2D geological model, several synthetic seismic sections were computed using wavelets of different dominant frequencies. The seismic sections are compared to underline what is imaged mainly at the different frequencies. The presence of two characteristic facies were also analysed. Results show the importance of some thin beds inside thick sequences and that certain sequence boundaries may not be visible at all.
The Complete Design of Microstrip Directional Couplers Using the Synthesis Technique (2008)

A symmetrical microstrip directional coupler design using the synthesis technique without prior knowledge of the physical geometry of the directional coupler is analytically given. The introduced design method requires only the information of the port impedances, the coupling level, and the operational frequency. The analytical results are first validated by using a planar electromagnetic simulation tool and then experimentally verified. The error between the experimental and analytical results is found to be within 3% for the worst case. The design charts that give all the physical dimensions, including the length of the directional coupler versus frequency and different coupling levels, are given for alumina, Teflon, RO4003, FR4, and RF-60, which are widely used in microwave applications. The complete design of symmetrical two-line microstrip directional couplers can be obtained for the first time using our results in this paper.
Surface expression and rapid internalization of macrosialin (mouse CD68) on elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages (2000)

Macrosialin, the mouse homolog of human CD68, is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein found almost exclusively in macrophages. Its function remains uncertain. It has a high affinity for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in ligand blots and antibodies against the human homolog, CD68, inhibit the binding of oxidized LDL to a human monocyte-derived cell line (THP-1). However, there is still controversy as to whether macrosialin, found predominantly in late endosomes, is expressed at all on the plasma membrane. The present studies, done in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, confirm that macrosialin is predominantly intracellular but show clearly that 10-15% of it is expressed on the cell surface. Exchange with intracellular pools occurs at an extremely high rate. The results are compatible with a surface function, including internalization of bound ligands or adhesion to surfaces.
PTEN and Hypoxia Regulate Tissue Factor Expression and Plasma Coagulation by Glioblastoma (2005)

We have previously proposed that intravascular thrombosis and subsequent vasoocclusion contribute to the development of pseudopalisading necrosis, a pathologic hallmark that distinguishes glioblastoma (WHO grade 4) from lower grade astrocytomas. To better understand the potential prothrombotic mechanisms underlying the formation of these structures that drive tumor angiogenesis, we investigated tissue factor (TF), a potent procoagulant protein known to be overexpressed in astrocytomas. We hypothesized that PTEN loss and tumor hypoxia, which characterize glioblastoma but not lower grade astrocytomas, could up-regulate TF expression and cause intravascular thrombotic occlusion. We examined the effect of PTEN restoration and hypoxia on TF expression and plasma coagulation using a human glioma cell line containing an inducible wt-PTEN cDNA. Cell exposure to hypoxia (1% O(2)) markedly increased TF expression, whereas restoration of wt-PTEN caused decreased cellular TF. The latter effect was at least partially dependent on PTEN's protein phosphatase activity. Hypoxic cells accelerated plasma clotting in tilt tube assays and this effect was prevented by both inhibitory antibodies to TF and plasma lacking factor VII, implicating TF-dependent mechanisms. To further examine the genetic events leading to TF up-regulation during progression of astrocytomas, we investigated its expression in a series of human astrocytes sequentially infected with E6/E7/human telomerase, Ras, and Akt. Cells transformed with Akt showed the greatest incremental increase in hypoxia-induced TF expression and secretion. Together, our results show that PTEN loss and hypoxia up-regulate TF expression and promote plasma clotting by glioma cells, suggesting that these mechanisms may underlie intravascular thrombosis and pseudopalisading necrosis in glioblastoma.
Ideal Single Crystal Surfaces (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basic Definitions, Termination Morphology of Surfaces, Stepped and Kinked Surfaces Miller Index Decomposition Chiral Surfaces Exercises
A Simultaneous Maximum Flow Algorithm for the Selection Model (2005)

A new algorithm, SPMF, for finding the complete chain of solutions of the product selection model is presented in this report. λ-directed simple residual path is identified to the only kind of residual path necessary for the new algorithm. By augmenting the right amount of flows along λ-directed simple residual paths, the new algorithm is monotone convergent. (Note: This work was first presented at the INFORMS Annual Meeting in Denver, October 2004.)
Internet of Things (2019)

The concept of Internet of Things has silently existed since the late nineteenth century but in the current decade expectations and excitement has peaked. However not many have understood the profound change that it can usher in. How big this change can be and how it can transform our working!! This book aims to bring in this realization with illustrative and practical case studies with comprehensive concepts. From beginners to practitioners in the field of academics or industry, it serves as a comprehensive yet easy to comprehend source of information on the multiple facets of IoT. Simplistic but comprehensive introduction of the facets of primarily the industrial IoT Practical adoption cases explaining the Core technology stack and business applications Comprehensive view of current technologies which complete the IoT delivery ecosystem, followed by overview of IoT enabled new business models. Realistic view of how industrial firms can evolve into the next stage of maturity along with determinants influencing this transformation since manufacturing is envisioned to be a key segment to adopt and benefit from IoT. Detailed analysis of IoT benefits for the universal triad- energy management, logistics optimization and distribution channel management. A full-fledged case study on Adoption of Green manufacturing using IoT. Real world example of gauging End User perception using different models which is important for a successful adoption of IoT. A futuristic visionary view of IoT as comprehended based on evolution of technology and platforms, and finally analysis of the extremely crucial concepts of security, privacy and governance.
WDM EPON system modeling and simulation based on OPNET (2006)

Wavelength Division Multiplex Ethernet Passive Optical Network (WDM EPON), due to its simple configuration and enormous capacity advantage over present access network technology, is considered by many experts to be the promising solution to realize FTTH. In this paper, we proposed a model of WDM EPON system using OPNET, collected the statistical parameters and analyzed the network capacity through simulation. Based on the network topology and WDM technology features, we designed the network configuration to be P2MP in the downstream direction using broadcasting mechanism and P2P in the upstream direction using independent wavelength channels. We studied the MAC protocol stacks under WDM EPON hierarchy and designed the OLT and ONU node modules based on the theoretical models. ONU dynamic registration and MAC mappings of data switching in OLT are the two key technologies introduced in the model to realize the communication within the system. Simulation results approve that WDM EPON system has great bandwidth capacity and extremely little terminal-to-terminal latency, thus displaying great capability advantages and developing prospects.
Ratios of Normal Variables and Ratios of Sums of Uniform Variables (1965)

Abstract The principal part of this paper is devoted to the study of the distribution and density functions of the ratio of two normal random variables. It gives several representations of the distribution function in terms of the vivariate normal distribution and Nicholson's V function, both of which have been extensively studied, and for which tables and computational procedures are readily available. One of these representations leads to an easy derivation of the density function in terms of the Cauchy density and the normal density and integral. A number of graphs of the possible shapes of the density are given, together with an indication of when the density is unimodal or bimodal. The last part of the paper discusses the distribution of the ratio (u 1+ ¨˙ +un )/(v 1+ ¨˙ +vm ) where the u's and v's are independent, uniform variables. The exact distribution for all n and m is given, and some approximations discussed.
GREB1 is a novel androgen regulated gene in prostate cancer (2005)

6126 Androgenic hormones play a central role in prostate cancer development and progression. They mediate their physiological effects by binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear transcription factor that induces the expression of genes responsible for prostate cancer growth. Identifying the genes critically involved in hormone stimulated cancer growth could lead to new potential targets and more effective therapies. We have recently demonstrated that GREB1 is an estrogen responsive gene that plays a pivotal role in estrogen stimulated breast cancer growth. Analysis of the putative GREB1 gene promoter identified multiple putative response elements for several hormones including estrogen, glucocorticoid, and androgen. The later led us to hypothesize that GREB1 is a novel androgen regulated gene involved in hormone dependant prostate cancer growth. Using real-time PCR we characterized the expression of GREB1 in response to androgen treatment in the hormone dependant prostate cancer cell line LNCap. Exogenous hormones were removed from the culture medium before exposing the cells for 24 hours to either the AR agonist R1881, or the estrogen receptor (ER) agonist 17 β-estradiol (E2), alone or in combination with receptor antagonists. GREB1 mRNA was induced by R1881 in a dose dependant manner to a maximum of 5-fold over control at 10-8 M. The AR antagonist casodex was able to block this induction. Similar results were seen with testosterone (TS) treatment. High dose E2 also induced GREB1 in the LNCap cells and this induction was blocked by either casodex or the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. These results are consistent with the fact that LNCaps express a mutated form of AR capable of binding estrogens at high concentrations. Changes in GREB1 expression levels were correlated with changes in cellular proliferation and cell cycle distribution. GREB1 androgen responsivity was confirmed using the ER - / AR + breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453. Cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and showed 3 fold induction of GREB1 at 10-8 M. Androgen treatment (R1881, TS or DHT) of the ER + / AR - negative breast cancer cell lines BT-474 and T47D did not result in GREB1 induction in spite of robust induction by E2. In contrast, TS did induced expression of GREB1 in the ER + / AR - cell line MCF-7, however, this induction was completely abrogated by the addition of letrozole suggesting the induction was due to aromatization of TS to estrogen in these cells. Our results show that GREB1 is a novel androgen regulated gene and we speculate that it may play a role in androgen induced prostate cancer growth, given its pivotal role in estrogen stimulated proliferation. Studies are currently underway to investigate this possibility using siRNA mediated knock down of GREB1 expression in androgen responsive cells.
The Role of Knowledge in Next-generation Product Development Systems (2000)

Information technology has played an increasingly important role in engineering product development. Its influence over the past decade has been accelerating and its impact in the coming decade will undoubtedly be immense. This paper surveys several research areas relating to knowledge representation, capture and retrieval, which will have a growing influence on product development. Each of these areas could, on its own, provide sufficient material for an entire survey paper. Unlike traditional survey papers, this paper does not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of a field of research from its inception to the present. Rather, this paper aims to touch on a representative selection of recent developments in these influential technical areas. The paper provides perspectives into the kinds of technologies that are emerging from rapidly expanding fields of research, and discusses challenges that must be overcome to enable transition of these technologies into industry practice to support the next generation of product development software tools.
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications (1990)

I. CONCEPTS. 1. Complexity. The Inherent Complexity of Software. The Structure of Complex Systems. Bringing Order to Chaos. On Designing Complex Systems. Sidebar: Categories of Analysis and Design Methods. 2. The Object Model. The Evolution of the Object Model. Elements of the Object Model. Applying the Object Model. Sidebar: Foundations of the Object Model. 3. Classes and Objects. The Nature of an Object. Relationships Among Objects. The Nature of a Class. Relationships Among Classes. The Interplay of Classes and Objects. On Building Quality Classes and Objects. Sidebar: Invoking a Method. 4. Classification. The Importance of Proper Classification. Identifying Classes and Objects. Key Abstractions and Mechanisms. Sidebar: A Problem of Classification. II. THE METHOD. 5 .The Notation. Elements of the Notation. Class Diagrams. State Transition Diagrams. Object Diagrams. Interaction Diagrams. Module Diagrams. Process Diagrams. Applying the Notation. 6 .The Process. First Principles. The Micro Development Process. The Macro Development Process. 7. Pragmatics. Management and Planning. Staffing. Release Management. Reuse. Quality Assurance and Metrics. Documentation. Tools. Special Topics. The Benefits and Risks of Object-Oriented Development. III. APPLICATIONS. 8. Data Acquisition: Weather Monitoring Station. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Weather Monitorint Station Requirements. 9. Frameworks: Foundation Class Library. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Foundation Class Library Requirements. 10. Client/Server Computing: Inventory Tracking. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Inventory Tracking System Requirements. 11. Artificial Intelligence Cryptanalysis. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Cryptanalysis Requirements. 12. Command and Control Traffic Management. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Traffic Management System Requirements. Afterword. Appendix: Object-Oriented Programming Languages. A.1 Concepts. A.2 Smalltalk. A.3 Object Pascal. A.4 C++. A.5 Common Lisp Object System. A.6 Ada. A.7 Eiffel. A.8 Other Object-Oriented Programming Languages. Notes. Glossary. Classified Bibliography. A. Classification. B. Object-Oriented Analysis. C. Object-Oriented Applications. D. Object-Oriented Architectures. E. Object Oriented Databases. F. Object-Oriented Design. G. Object-Oriented Programming. H. Software Engineering. I. Special References. J. Theory. K. Tools and Environments. Index. 0805353402T04062001
Electrocutaneous Communication in a Guide Dog Robot (MELDOG) (1985)

Two main problems to be solved in designing truly effective mobility aids for the blind are: 1) to determine what kinds and how many pieces of information are necessary and/or sufficient to mobilize humans, and 2) to establish the optimal coding and display method of the acquired information.
Chemical characterization of fungal siderophores. (2000)

Siderophores of twenty fungi belonging to Zygomycotina (5 Mucorales), Ascomycotina (7 aspergilli, 6 penicillia, Neurospora crassa) and Deuteromycotina (Fusarium dimerum) were examined for their chemical nature. Siderophores produced by fungi other than Mucorales were all hydroxamates. Mucorales produced carboxylate siderophores. Catecholate type of siderophores were not detectable. Hydroxamate siderophores were mostly (9 out of 15) trihydroxamates, while six were dihydroxamates. Monohydroxamate nature was not shown by any of the 15 test fungal siderophores. In ligand properties, 12 out of 15 hydroxamate siderophores formed hexadentate ligands, while two formed tetradentates and one bidentate. There was good correlation between number of hydroxamate groups and ligand property.
Sub-micron Cell Pitch 30 V N-channel UMOSFET with Ultra Low On-resistance (2007)

We developed new sub-micron cell pitch 30 V n-channel UMOSFET with ultra low on-resistance. In the UMOSFET structure, we adopted a layered oxide as interlayer dielectric and equalized the width to the trench gate width to realize the narrow unit cell pitch (<1.0 μm). We optimized layout dimensions for new rectangular cell design and stripe design. As a result, we achieved the lowest specific on-resistance (Rsp) of 4.3 mΩmm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at Vgs=10 V and 5.0 mΩmm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at Vgs=4.5 V in 30 V class for the fabricated rectangular cell UMOSFET.
An Album of Fluid Motion (1982)

Keywords: visualisation de l'ecoulement ; tourbillon ; dynamique des : fluides ; aubes ; cylindre ; instabilite ; ecoulement : secondaire Note: moult photos Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Minimum Engine Flame Temperature Impacts on Diesel and Spark-Ignition Engine NOx Production (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Empirical and analytical data on the minimum possible flame temperatures for combustion processes rapid enough to be effective for engine operation are presented. The fundamental basis for these minimum temperatures is explored with chemical kinetic analysis. The combination of these minimum temperatures and the time scales associated with engine processes yield minimum possible levels of in-cylinder NOx production for both diesel and spark-ignition engines. These minimum NOx levels are identified and validated empirically. Legislated NOx levels lower than those indicated will require exhaust aftertreatment in addition to in-cylinder combustion control.</div>