gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm for Supervised Driving of Cooperative Semi-Autonomous Vehicles (2017)

Before reaching full autonomy, vehicles will gradually be equipped with more and more advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), effectively rendering them semi-autonomous. However, current ADAS technologies seem unable to handle complex traffic situations, notably when dealing with vehicles arriving from the sides, either at intersections or when merging on highways. The high rate of accidents in these settings proves that they constitute difficult driving situations. Moreover, intersections and merging lanes are often the source of important traffic congestion and, sometimes, deadlocks. In this paper, we propose a cooperative framework to safely coordinate semi-autonomous vehicles in such settings, removing the risk of collision or deadlocks while remaining compatible with human driving. More specifically, we present a supervised coordination scheme that overrides control inputs from human drivers when they would result in an unsafe or blocked situation. To avoid unnecessary intervention and remain compatible with human driving, overriding only occurs when collisions or deadlocks are imminent. In this case, safe overriding controls are chosen while ensuring they deviate minimally from those originally requested by the drivers. Simulation results based on a realistic physics simulator show that our approach is scalable to real-world scenarios, and computations can be performed in real time on a standard computer for up to a dozen simultaneous vehicles.
Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease (2007)

The aim of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease is to provide comprehensive information regarding adipose tissue, its physiological functions and its role in disease. This volume contai
Homogeneous immunochemical technique for determination of human lactoferrin using excitation transfer and phase-resolved fluorometry (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous immunochemical technique for determination of human lactoferrin using excitation transfer and phase-resolved fluorometryKasem. Nithipatikom and Linda B. McGownCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 3, 423–427Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00130a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00130a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A 1.8L Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) engine was tested over a wide range of engine speeds and loads using RON91 gasoline. The engine was operated with a new partially premixed combustion process without combustion mode switching. Injection parameters were used to control mixture stratification and combustion phasing using a multiple-late injection strategy with GDi-like injection pressures.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">At idle and low loads, rebreathing of hot exhaust gases provided stable compression ignition with very low engine-out NOx and PM emissions. Rebreathing enabled reduced boost pressure, while increasing exhaust temperatures greatly. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions after the oxidation catalyst were very low. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 267 g/kWh was measured at the 2000 rpm-2bar BMEP global test point.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">At medium load to maximum torque, rebreathing was not used and cooled EGR enabled low-temperature combustion with very low NOx and PM, while meeting combustion noise targets. MAP was reduced to minimize boost parasitics. Minimum BSFC was measured at 213 g/kWh at 1800 rpm - 12 bar IMEP.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Full load torque characteristics of the engine were developed using alternative injection strategies. Maximum BMEP of 20.3 bar was measured at 2000 rpm, with 17.4 bar BMEP achieved at 1500 rpm. Torque objectives for this engine were met. Transient co-simulations demonstrated the potential for good combustion control during hard accelerations and gear shift transients.</div></div>
Intracellular Fate of 2-NBDG, a Fluorescent Probe for Glucose Uptake Activity, in<i>Escherichia coli</i>Cells (1996)

A fluorescent derivative of D-glucose, 2-NBDG, which was previously developed for the evaluation of glucose uptake activity by living cells, was used on Escherichia coli cells and its fate after incorporation in the cells was investigated. 2-NBDG was converted to another fluorescent derivative (2-NBDG metabolite) immediately after it was taken by E. coli cells. This 2-NBDG metabolite was then decomposed to non-fluorescent forms. 2-NBDG metabolite was decomposed into the original 2-NBDG by G6Pase with concurrent liberation of inorganic phosphate. Furthermore, FAB/MS analysis showed that its molecular weight was 420, the same value as that of 2-NBDG 6-phosphate. These indicate 2-NBDG metabolite should be 2-NBDG 6-phosphate. Based on these results, the feasibility of 2-NBDG as a fluorescent non-toxic probe for glucose uptake activity and its application to viability assessment of various living systems are discussed.
SHIPBOARD GAS GENERATION USING MOLECULAR SIEVES (1985)

ABSTRACT Molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption is a method of filtering unwanted gases from air to produce nitrogen or oxygen. This technology is being used to provide pilot breathing oxygen and inerting nitrogen for fuel tanks in military aircraft. Large scale plants are being developed for shipboard use with a goal of replacing aircraft carrier cryogenic plants and possibly using dry nitrogen in place of electronic dry air on some ships.
The Global Transcriptional Response of Escherichia coli to Induced σ32 Protein Involves σ32 Regulon Activation Followed by Inactivation and Degradation of σ32 in Vivo (2005)

sigma(32) is the first alternative sigma factor discovered in Escherichia coli and can direct transcription of many genes in response to heat shock stress. To define the physiological role of sigma(32), we have used transcription profiling experiments to identify, on a genome-wide basis, genes under the control of sigma(32) in E. coli by moderate induction of a plasmid-borne rpoH gene under defined, steady-state growth conditions. Together with a bioinformatics approach, we successfully confirmed genes known previously to be directly under the control of sigma(32) and also assigned many additional genes to the sigma(32) regulon. In addition, to understand better the functional relevance of the increased amount of sigma(32) to changes in the transcriptional level of sigma(32)-dependent genes, we measured the protein level of sigma(32) both before and after induction by a newly developed quantitative Western blot method. At a normal constant growth temperature (37 degrees C), we found that the sigma(32) protein level rapidly increased, plateaued, and then gradually decreased after induction, indicating sigma(32) can be regulated by genes in its regulon and that the mechanisms of sigma(32) synthesis, inactivation, and degradation are not strictly temperature-dependent. The decrease in the transcriptional level of sigma(32)-dependent genes occurs earlier than the decrease in full-length sigma(32) in the wild type strain, and the decrease in the transcriptional level of sigma(32)-dependent genes is greatly diminished in a DeltaDnaK strain, suggesting that DnaK can act as an anti-sigma factor to functionally inactivate sigma(32) and thus reduce sigma(32)-dependent transcription in vivo.
Protected amino acids as novel low‐molecular‐weight displacers in cation‐exchange displacement chromatography (1995)

Although the ability to carry out simultaneous concentration and purification in a single displacement step has significant advantages for downstream processing of pharmaceuticals, a major impediment to the implementation of displacement chromatography has been the lack of suitable displacer compounds. An important recent advance in the state of the art of displacement chromatography has been the discovery that low-molecular-weight dendritic polymers can be successfully employed as displacers for protein purification in ion-exchange systems. In this article, protected amino acid esters (based on arginine and lysine) are shown to be useful displacers for protein purification in cation-exchange systems. A dynamic affinity plot is employed to evaluate the affinity of these low-molecular-weight compounds under dis-placement conditions. In contrast to large polyelectroyte displacers, the efficacy of these low-molecular-weight displacers was shown to be dependent on both the initial carrier salt concentration and the displacer concentration. In addition to the funcamental interest generated by low-molecular-weight displacers, it is likely that these displacers will have significant operatioal advantages as compared with large polyelectrolyte displacers. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Prostaglandins F<sub>2α</sub> and E<sub>2</sub> as the Naturally Occuring Forms (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of Prostaglandins F2α and E2 as the Naturally Occuring FormsE J. Corey, Thomas K. Schaaf, Willy. Huber, Urs. Koelliker, and Ned M. WeinshenkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2, 397–398Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online10 December 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00705a609https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00705a609research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4238Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric Mode of Ca2+-S100A4 Interaction with Nonmuscle Myosin IIA Generates Nanomolar Affinity Required for Filament Remodeling (2012)

Filament assembly of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) is selectively regulated by the small Ca²⁺-binding protein, S100A4, which causes enhanced cell migration and metastasis in certain cancers. Our NMR structure shows that an S100A4 dimer binds to a single myosin heavy chain in an asymmetrical configuration. NMIIA in the complex forms a continuous helix that stretches across the surface of S100A4 and engages the Ca²⁺-dependent binding sites of each subunit in the dimer. Synergy between these sites leads to a very tight association (K(D) ∼1 nM) that is unique in the S100 family. Single-residue mutations that remove this synergy weaken binding and ameliorate the effects of S100A4 on NMIIA filament assembly and cell spreading in A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. We propose a model for NMIIA filament disassembly by S100A4 in which initial binding to the unstructured NMIIA tail initiates unzipping of the coiled coil and disruption of filament packing.
Hardware-software allocation specification of IMA systems for early simulation (2014)

Model-driven engineering (MDE) is becoming a key approach in systems engineering, including Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) design. It relies on systematic use of models from an early phase of the design process to provide source code generation, validation and analysis support. However, due to the complexity of IMA systems - that may incorporate hundreds of avionics functions and dozens of execution nodes - even early stage model-based analysis of their design can become cumbersome. This is especially true for safety related nonfunctional requirements like communication channel redundancy or error propagation and contamination. In this paper, we present a model-driven framework to support the iterative design and analysis of IMA systems using an integrated Simulink model for analyzing the complete HW-SW architecture of the system.
A long-range and variable focus phase-conjugation experiment in shallow water (1999)

A second phase-conjugation experiment was conducted in the Mediterranean Sea in May 1997 extending the results of the earlier time-reversal mirror experiment [Kuperman et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 25–40 (1998)]. New results reported here include (1) extending the range of focus from the earlier result of 6 km out to 30 km, (2) verifying a new technique to refocus at ranges other than that of the probe source [Song et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3234–3240 (1998)], and (3) demonstrating that probe-source pulses up to 1 week old can be refocused successfully.
A Stochastic Single-Molecule Event Triggers Phenotype Switching of a Bacterial Cell (2008)

By monitoring fluorescently labeled lactose permease with single-molecule sensitivity, we investigated the molecular mechanism of how an Escherichia coli cell with the lac operon switches from one phenotype to another. At intermediate inducer concentrations, a population of genetically identical cells exhibits two phenotypes: induced cells with highly fluorescent membranes and uninduced cells with a small number of membrane-bound permeases. We found that this basal-level expression results from partial dissociation of the tetrameric lactose repressor from one of its operators on looped DNA. In contrast, infrequent events of complete dissociation of the repressor from DNA result in large bursts of permease expression that trigger induction of the lac operon. Hence, a stochastic single-molecule event determines a cell's phenotype.
Mechanism and Reaction Pathways for Microcystin-LR Degradation through UV/H2O2 Treatment (2016)

Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is the most common cyanotoxin in contaminated aquatic systems. MCLR inhibits protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, leading to liver damage and tumor formation. MCLR is relatively stable owing to its cyclic structures. The combined UV/H2O2 technology can degrade MCLR efficiently. The second-order rate constant of the reaction between MCLR and hydroxyl radical (·OH) is 2.79(±0.23)×1010 M-1 s-1 based on the competition kinetics model using nitrobenzene as reference compound. The probable degradation pathway was analyzed through liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results suggested that the major destruction pathways of MCLR were initiated by ·OH attack on the benzene ring and diene of the Adda side chain. The corresponding aldehyde or ketone peptide residues were formed through further oxidation. Another minor destruction pathway involved ·OH attack on the methoxy group of the Adda side chain, followed by complete removal of the methoxy group. The combined UV/H2O2 system is a promising technology for MCLR removal in contaminated aquatic systems.
Influence of support and promotor on the catalytic activity of Rh/VOx/SiO2 model catalysts (2001)

A comparative study of the catalytic activities of a polycrystalline Rh foil with Rh/SiO2 and Rh/VOx/SiO2 model catalysts was carried out using the CO and CO2 hydrogenation to methane as a test reaction. The model systems consisted of a thin silicon oxide layer, prepared by chemical vapor deposition on a Si(100) substrate, and a nominal load of about one monolayer of rhodium (Rh/SiO2). The influence of the promotor material vanadium oxide on the catalytic activity was studied for a system with two monolayers of vanadium oxide (Rh/VOx/SiO2). The reactions of CO/H2 and CO2/H2 over the model catalysts and the Rh foil were performed at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures up to 773 K in a flow-reactor system. In both reactions the VOx-promoted catalyst is more active at equal temperatures than the unpromoted and the activity for methane in CO2/H2 reactions for both catalysts is much higher than in CO/H2 reactions. The activity of the rhodium clusters on SiO2 with a size of 1 to 2 nm was found to be on average 4 times higher for CO/H2 and 27 times higher for CO2/H2 as compared to the Rh foil. The reasons for the difference in activity are discussed with respect to the Rh cluster size, the total CO coverage, the CO dissociation and the VOx oxidation state during CO and CO2 adsorption and reaction.
Lithium-lithium hydride system (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium-lithium hydride systemEwald Veleckis, Erven H. Van Deventer, and Milton BlanderCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 19, 1933–1940Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100612a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100612a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spectrofluorometric determination of pesticide residue mixtures by isodifferential derivative spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrofluorometric determination of pesticide residue mixtures by isodifferential derivative spectroscopyF. Garcia Sanchez and C. Cruces BlancoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 4, 323–328Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00155a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00155a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Protein “Glass” Transition and the Role of the Solvent (2008)

Hydrated proteins undergo a change in their dynamical properties in the neighborhood of a temperature. The change of dynamics has been likened to glass transition of glass-forming substances because similar properties were found. However, a complete understanding of the conformation fluctuations of hydrated proteins and their relation to the dynamics of the solvent is still not available, possibly due to the protein molecules being more complex than ordinary glass-formers. For this reason, we turn our attention to the experimental findings of the dynamics of mixtures of water with simpler glass-formers (small molecules and polymers). Two major relaxation processes have been observed in these aqueous mixtures. One is the structural alpha-relaxation of the hydrophilic glass-former hydrogen bonded to the water, which is responsible for glass transition. The other one is the local secondary beta-relaxation of water in the mixture. Remarkably, these two relaxation processes in aqueous mixtures have analogues in hydrated proteins with the same properties. The conformation fluctuations of the protein and the relaxation of the solvent in hydrated proteins behave like the alpha-relaxation of the hydrophilic glass-former hydrogen bonded to the water and the beta-relaxation of water in other aqueous mixtures, respectively. At low temperatures, the Arrhenius activation energy of the relaxation time of the solvent in a hydrated protein is almost the same as that of the beta-relaxation of water in the glassy states of aqueous mixtures. The Arrhenius T-dependence of the solvent relaxation times no longer holds at temperatures that exceed the "glass" transition temperature of the hydrated protein, defined as the temperature at which the conformation relaxation time is very long. This behavior of the solvent in hydrated proteins is similar to that found in the beta-relaxation of water in aqueous mixtures when crossing the glass transition temperature of the mixture (Capaccioli, S.; Ngai, K. L.; Shinyashiki, N. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 8197). Furthermore, the same dynamics were found in mixtures of two van der Waals glass-formers, which are even simpler systems than aqueous mixtures because of the absence of hydrogen bonding. The experimental data of these ideal mixtures of van der Waals glass-formers have been given a satisfactory theoretical explanation. Since the properties of hydrated proteins, aqueous mixtures, and the mixtures of van der Waals liquids are similar, we transfer the theoretical understanding gained in the study of the last system sequentially to the two other increasingly more complex systems.