gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and other fluorohalocarbons with aluminum halides in the presence and absence of additives. Distinction in carbonium ion character and reaction conditions between substitution and isomerization (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and other fluorohalocarbons with aluminum halides in the presence and absence of additives. Distinction in carbonium ion character and reaction conditions between substitution and isomerizationKunio OkuharaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 14, 2745–2749Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00408a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00408a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Identification of a major facilitator protein from <i>Escherichia coli</i> involved in efflux of metabolites of the cysteine pathway (2000)

A chromosomal fragment has been identified in a gene bank from Escherichia coli, which augmented the yield of cysteine in an industrial production strain. Subcloning and genetic analysis showed that an open reading frame coding for a product of 299 amino acids (Orf299) was responsible. Orf299 was synthesized in the T7 polymerase/promoter system and exhibited the properties of an integral membrane protein. Mutational interruption of orf299 did not cause a distinct phenotype; however, transformants overexpressing orf299 had lost the ability to grow in minimal medium unless it was supplemented with a source of reduced sulphur compounds, and they excreted considerable amounts of cysteine and O-acetyl-L-serine, especially in the presence of thiosulphate. Most of the cysteine was found to be masked in 2-methyl-2,4-thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid. N-acetyl-L-serine was also present in the medium, but it is open to question whether it represents a primary excretion product. Measurement of the induction status of the cysteine regulon by means of a cysK'-'lacZ gene fusion demonstrated that the regulon is not induced upon growth in the presence of a poor sulphur source and that the introduction of a constitutive cysB allele alleviates this deficiency. The results indicate that orf299 codes for an export pump for different metabolites of the cysteine pathway. Its relation to other efflux systems and the physiological role are discussed.
On the generalisation of a theorem of Steiner (1924)

The theorem that, if four arbitrary lines be taken in a plane, the four circles about the triangles formed by threes of these lines, meet in a point, can be generalised to space of any even number of dimensions, as was recognised by Mr J. H. Grace in 1897. In the plane case the centres of the four circles lie on another circle passing through the point of concurrence of these four; it has been sought to prove that the centres of the n + 2 spheres, similarly arising in space of an even number, n , of dimensions, also lie on a sphere†.
Starting and Resolving a Partitioned BRAIN (2008)

Time-triggered communication is a favored design strategy for safety-critical systems. However, the startup of time-triggered systems is a significant concern, since the time-line from which fault-tolerance is supported must be established in segmented mediums, e.g. multi-hop networks. The startup problems are particularly challenging since clique formation, i.e. the establishment of disjoint time-triggered communication sets, may be systematically induced. This paper presents an alternative startup solution based upon a braided-ring architecture called BRAIN (braided ring availability integrity network). Segmentation-induced cliques are particularly prevalent in this architecture, since each node presents a potential medium break. The described strategy dramatically improves startup performance in relation to current approaches by leveraging the cooperative action of adjacent nodes during startup and high-integrity data propagation.
Wearable technology and ECG processing for fall risk assessment, prevention and detection (2015)

Falls represent one of the most common causes of injury-related morbidity and mortality in later life. Subjects with cardiovascular disorders (e.g., related to autonomic dysfunctions and postural hypotension) are at higher risk of falling. Autonomic dysfunctions increasing the risk of falling in the short and mid-term could be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV) extracted by electrocardiograph (ECG). We developed three trials for assessing the usefulness of ECG monitoring using wearable devices for: risk assessment of falling in the next few weeks; prevention of imminent falls due to standing hypotension; and fall detection. Statistical and data-mining methods are adopted to develop classification and regression models, validated with the cross-validation approach. The first classifier based on HRV features enabled to identify future fallers among hypertensive patients with an accuracy of 72% (sensitivity: 51.1%, specificity: 80.2%). The regression model to predict falls due to orthostatic dropdown from HRV recorded before standing achieved an overall accuracy of 80% (sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 90%). Finally, the classifier to detect simulated falls using ECG achieved an accuracy of 77.3% (sensitivity: 81.8%, specificity: 72.7%). The evidence from these three studies showed that ECG monitoring and processing could achieve satisfactory performances compared to other system for risk assessment, fall prevention and detection. This is interesting as differently from other technologies actually employed to prevent falls, ECG is recommended for many other pathologies of later life and is more accepted by senior citizens.
Release of Volatile Branched-Chain and Other Fatty Acids from Ruminant Milk Fats by Various Lipases (1993)

Bovine, ovine, and caprine milk fats were treated with pregastric lipases (kid goat, calf, and lamb), microbial lipases (Candida cylindracea, C. cylindracea AY30, Aspergillus niger APF12, Rhizopus arrhizus, Penicillium roqueforti R10, and Mucor zavanicus Map 10), porcine pancreatic lipase, or milk lipase. All three pregastric lipases preferentially hydrolyzed volatile branched-chain and short n-chain fatty acids from each milk fat. Pregastric lipases also released a relatively low proportion of C10 from bovine milk fats but a high proportion of C10 from caprine milk fat. Milk lipase released very low concentrations of butanoic acid and did not release 4-methyloctanoic acid in significant amounts except from caprine milk fat. Ovine milk fat yielded a substantially greater concentration of butanoic acid than did bovine or caprine milk fats when it was hydrolyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase. Candida cylindracea lipase yielded high amounts of volatile n-chain fatty acids nonselectively and only small quantities of volatile branched-chain fatty acids. High amounts of the medium-chain branched fatty acids were produced by kid goat, P. roqueforti, A. niger, and R. arrhizus lipases.
Monolithic Ka band VCO using quarter micron GaAs MESFETs and integrated high-Q varactors (2002)

High-Q GaAs abrupt varactor diodes and 0.25- mu m GaAs MESFETs have been combined on a semiinsulating GaAs substrate for millimeter-wave monolithic IC applications. Based on the measured series resistance and capacitance, the diodes have a calculated Q at -4 V, 50 MHz of approximately 19000. The MESFETs have a measured gain of >6 dB at 35 GHz, with extrapolated values for f/sub t/ and f/sub max/ of 32 GHz and 78 GHz, respectively. A monolithic Ka-band voltage-controlled oscillator using these devices has been built and tested. Output powers of 60 mW with 70 MHz of tuning bandwidth and 40 mW with 120 MHz of tuning bandwidth have been measured at 32 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase 1 Trial of Allogeneic Gene-Modified Tumor Cell Vaccine RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2009)

Results are reported from a safety trial in patients with metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC). An allogeneic, IL-2 secreting tumor cell line expressing the costimulatory molecule CD80 was injected following irradiation. Nine out of 15 subjects received the three sequential, increasing cell doses which were tolerated well. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions were noted. No tumor regression was observed but time to progression and survival improved. Elevated levels of effector cells toward multiple tumor associated antigens were detected. Preclinical studies showed that the allogeneic tumor cell line RCC-26 displayed natural immunogenic potential that was enhanced through expression of CD80 costimulatory molecules and secretion of interleukin-2. Here we report the study of RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 cells in a phase 1 vaccine trial of renal cell carcinoma patients with metastatic disease (mRCC). Fifteen patients of the HLA-A*0201 allotype, with at least one metastatic lesion, were included. Irradiated vaccine cells were applied in increasing doses of 2.5, 10, and 40 × 106 cells over 22 weeks. Primary study parameters included safety and toxicity. Sequential blood samples were analyzed by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays to detect tumor antigen-associated (TAA) effector cells. The vaccine was well tolerated and the designated vaccination course was completed in 9 of 15 patients. Neither vaccine-induced autoimmunity nor systemic side effects were observed. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions were detected in 11 of 12 evaluated patients and were particularly strong in patients with prolonged survival. In parallel, vaccine-induced immune responses against vaccine or overexpressed TAA were detected in 9 of 12 evaluated patients. No tumor regressions occurred according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria; however, median time to progression was 5.3 months and median survival was 15.6 months, indicating substantial disease stabilization. We conclude that vaccine use was safe and feasible in mRCC. Clinical benefits were limited in these patients with advanced disease; however, immune monitoring revealed vaccine-induced responses against multiple TAAs in the majority of study participants. These results suggest that this vaccine could be useful in combination therapies and/or minimal residual disease.
The Laboratory and the New Oral Anticoagulants (2012)

Measurements of the effect of NOAs are indicated in several situations: (a) patients with adverse events (i.e., thrombotic/hemorrhagic), particularly those who present with overdosage owing to excessive drug intake or decreased clearance; (b) patients undergoing surgical procedures for ensuring that no residual drug remains in the circulation; (c) patients requiring anticoagulation reversal because of life-threatening hemorrhage; (d) patients with renal insufficiency, who are likely to accumulate the drug in the circulation; (e) patients with liver failure, because NOAs are metabolized by the liver; (f) patients taking other drugs that might increase/decrease the effects of NOAs via drug-drug interactions. The choice of tests is based on such characteristics as availability, linearity of the dose-response curve, standardization, and responsiveness to increasing drug dosage. Practitioners need to be aware that NOAs can interfere with the measurement of common hemostasis parameters.
Mitochondrial Disorders in the Nervous System (2008)

Mitochondrial diseases (encephalomyopathies) have traditionally been ascribed to defects of the respiratory chain, which has helped researchers explain their genetic and clinical complexity. However, other mitochondrial functions are greatly important for the nervous system, including protein importation, organellar dynamics, and programmed cell death. Defects in genes controlling these functions are attracting increasing attention as causes not only of neurological (and psychiatric) diseases but also of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. After discussing some pathogenic conundrums regarding the neurological manifestations of the respiratory chain defects, we review altered mitochondrial dynamics in the etiology of specific neurological diseases and in the physiopathology of more common neurodegenerative disorders.
Prohibitins and the functional compartmentalization of mitochondrial membranes (2009)

Prohibitins constitute an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of membrane proteins that are essential for cell proliferation and development in higher eukaryotes. Roles for prohibitins in cell signaling at the plasma membrane and in transcriptional regulation in the nucleus have been proposed, but pleiotropic defects associated with the loss of prohibitin genes can be largely attributed to a dysfunction of mitochondria. Two closely related proteins, prohibitin-1 (PHB1) and prohibitin-2 (PHB2), form large, multimeric ring complexes in the inner membrane of mitochondria. The absence of prohibitins leads to an increased generation of reactive oxygen species, disorganized mitochondrial nucleoids, abnormal cristae morphology and an increased sensitivity towards stimuli-elicited apoptosis. It has been found that the processing of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1, which regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae morphogenesis, is a key process regulated by prohibitins. Furthermore, genetic analyses in yeast have revealed an intimate functional link between prohibitin complexes and the membrane phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine. In light of these findings, it is emerging that prohibitin complexes can function as protein and lipid scaffolds that ensure the integrity and functionality of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Treatment of superficial venous incompetence with the SAVAS technique--(Section Ambulatoire des Varices avec Sclérothérapie). A 4 year randomised, controlled trial comparing venous hemodynamic and costing after SAVAS, sclerotherapy and the dentist's technique. (1991)

Three techniques for treatment of chronic venous incompetence on an out patients basis were compared in a randomised study. One hundred thirty eight limbs (107 patients) with superficial venous incompetence were randomly treated with the dentist's technique (DT) [Group A, 44 limbs], compression sclerotherapy (CS) [Group B, 45 limbs] or the SAVAS (section en Ambulatoire des Varices avec Sclérothérapie) technique [Group C, 49 limbs]. Patients were evaluated and followed up (every year for 4 years) with ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) measurements and Quantum angiodynography (colour duplex scanning). DT consisted in the section under local anesthesia of incompetent veins. CS was done injecting polidocanol 3% with compression applied for 4 weeks. The SAVAS was done with a combination of DT and CS with section of the incompetent veins under local anesthesia and retrograde injection in the distal vein of polidocanol 3%. With this type of injection only incompetent veins were perfused. After 4 years there was a significantly lower refilling time (RT) with AVP in the SAVAS group (21 sec). RT was 13 sec in group B and 16 in A. The number of significantly incompetent residual veins was in average 0.5 in the SAVAS group, significantly lower than in the other two groups. Also the average cost per treated limb was significantly lower in the SAVAS group (917 francs in comparison with 1100 in group A and 1211 in group B). In conclusion considering the four year follow up, the SAVAS technique is a more effective treatment of superficial venous incompetence, its hemodynamic value is superior to sclerotherapy alone and its costs are lower.
Présence du rationalisme (1967)

Leduc Victor. Présence du rationalisme. In: Raison présente, n°5, Novembre – Décembre – Janvier 1967. La science, valeur suprême de l'homme. pp. 3-9.
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms on survival in advanced‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer (2009)

Polymorphisms have been identified in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene that may affect VEGF production. We hypothesized that such polymorphisms may correlate with survival outcomes among advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We evaluated the association between VEGF polymorphisms and overall survival among patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with at least one cytotoxic regimen at Kyoto University Hospital between 2003 and 2008. We investigated the following VEGF polymorphisms: -460T > C (rs833061), +405G > C (rs2010963), +936C > T (rs3025039), -1154G > A (rs1570360), and -2578C > A (rs699947). Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were performed using Cox proportional models, Kaplan-Meier methods, and the log-rank test. There were 126 patients and 80 deaths. On a Cox regression analysis of a current and former smoker (hazards ratio [HR], 1.422; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.111-1.859; P = 0.0046), poor performance status (PS) (HR, 2.524; 95% CI, 1.483-3.827; P = 0.0019), the VEGF -460CC genotype (HR, 1.719; 95% CI, 1.166-2.390; P = 0.0084), VEGF -1154AA and AG genotypes (HR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.144-1.897; P = 0.0034), and VEGF -2578AA genotype (HR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.219-2.495; P = 0.0047) had a significant prognostic effect on survival based on univariate analysis. Based on multivariate analysis of a current and former smoker (HR, 1.407; 95% CI, 1.095-1.840; P = 0.0070), poor PS (HR, 2.249; 95% CI, 1.309-3.468; P = 0.0058), and the VEGF -1154AA and AG genotypes (HR, 1.419; 95% CI, 1.033-1.901; P = 0.0316) were significant independent prognostic factors for survival. In this study, polymorphisms in VEGF may affect survival in advanced NSCLC.
Fabrication of Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet:Dysprosium Phosphorescent Coating Using the Aerosol Deposition Technique (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Transmission-type X-ray linear polarizer with perfect crystals (1998)

Even though conventional X-ray polarizers with multiple-reflection channel-cut structures perform well, they suffer from the disadvantage that the polarized beam is non-stationary as the energy is scanned. In this paper the possibility of using a thin Bragg reflector as a polarizing filter is investigated, so that the transmitted beam (rather than the Bragg-reflected beam) is used. Consequently, the position and direction of the transmitted beam are unchanged as the energy is changed, or even when the polarization direction to be filtered out is changed. Theoretical considerations as well as experimental results on the performance characteristics of the proposed transmission-type X-ray linear polarizer are presented. A polarization ratio, defined as I(H)/I(V), higher than 10(5) was obtained.
Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (2003)

Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0–4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Depression and Anxiety 18:76–82, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemiluminescent responses of alveolar macrophages from normal and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated rabbits as a function of age (1987)

Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) responses of alveolar macrophages (AM) from normal and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated infant and adult rabbits were compared. AM from 1-, 7-, and 14-day-old normal rabbits exhibited much lower peak CL responses than did AM from 28- and 42-day-old normal animals as well as rabbits 2 to 3 or 5 to 6 months and 1 to 2 years of age. The most striking differences among AM from infant and adult rabbits were noted when AM were obtained from 28-day-old and 5- to 6-month old rabbits 21 days after the rabbits were immunized with 200 micrograms of BCG intravenously. In this case, AM from 5- to 6-month-old animals gave peak counts per minute of 400,000 to 500,000 whereas AM from 28-day-old rabbits vaccinated with BCG (harvested at 49 days of age) gave peak counts per minute of only 40,715 +/- 2,688. These data reveal that AM from neonatal animals are grossly deficient as responders to phorbol myristate acetate-induced CL. This deficiency, which improved with age, is still apparent in AM from 28-day-old animals. The data also reveal that BCG vaccination of 28-day-old animals yields AM that are poor responders to phorbol myristate acetate compared with AM from BCG-vaccinated animals 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 months of age. AM from animals vaccinated with BCG at 28 days of age contained fewer and smaller electron-dense lysosomelike structures than did AM from adult rabbits similarly vaccinated. These findings provide an explanation for the difficulties infants have in developing effective cell-mediated immune responses against intracellular parasites.
Base catalysts for the cure of epoxy resins (1965)

Tetramethylguanidine and heptamethylisobiguanide have been shown to be catalysts for the cure of epoxy resins. The reagents were effective when used in very small concentrations. Their reactivity is postulated to be a result of their several accessible tertiary amine nitrogen atoms, high base strength, and good solvent powers.
Adult-onset hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by a single-base deletion in <i>CSF2RB</i> (2010)

This is the first report identifying a genetic defect in CSF2RB that causes deficiency of GM-CSF-Rβc expression and impaired signalling downstream. These results suggested that GM-CSF signalling was compensated by other signalling pathways, leading to adult-onset PAP.