gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bimodal characters of compaction curve of lime treated expansive soil (2011)

Silt content increases significantly during the experiments of lime treated expansive soil.When the wet method is adopted,the soil maintains original structure and performances of silt features.If the water content at a lower level,the compaction power is lower than the structural damage and the compaction curve shows a dry density peak.With the increasing of water content,compaction power exceeds the structural damage and the compaction curve shows another dry density peak.Therefore,the compaction curves show instable bimodal phenomenon,which reduces the practicality and reliability of the compaction curves.However,the modified wet method is adopted to overcome the shortcomings of both wet method and dry method.The results provide an effective method for quality control of construction and quality evaluation of completion.
Data-Flow Graph Mapping Optimization for CGRA With Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) have drawn increasing attention due to their flexibility and energy efficiency. Data flow graphs (DFGs) are often mapped onto CGRAs for acceleration. The problem of DFG mapping is challenging due to the diverse structures from DFGs and constrained hardware from CGRAs. Consequently, it is difficult to find a valid and high quality solution simultaneously. Inspired from the great progress in deep reinforcement learning (RL) for AI problems, we consider building methods that learn to map DFGs onto spatially programmed CGRAs directly from experiences. We propose RLMap, a solution that formulates DFG mapping on CGRA as an agent in RL, which unifies placement, routing and processing element insertion by interchange actions of the agent. Experimental results show that RLMap performs comparably to state-of-the-art heuristics in mapping quality, adapts to different architecture, and converges quickly.
Development of Grid-Connected Inverter Experiment Modules for Microgrid Learning (2019)

New paradigms in the modern power system should be introduced to student of electrical engineering, or engineer in training, as early as possible. Besides class-room study, experimental exercise may be introduced to help the student understand the concept of microgrid. One main challenge is the power electronics converter, which connects the distributed energy source to the existing power grid. This study modeled and developed a grid-connected inverter that is useful for providing a close to real application for a student or engineer in training. This development is important for microgrid learning to give practical perspective to the student. A grid-connected inverter for distributed generation was developed at laboratory scale. The grid-connected inverter was developed modularly to make it easier for the student to understand the basic concept of grid-connected inverter building blocks, as well as its function as a whole. The developed grid-connected inverter was intended to be able to operate on two different mode: grid-forming mode and grid-injecting mode. Experiments were conducted to verify the results.
Label-Free Detection of Microvesicles and Proteins by the Bundling of Gliding Microtubules (2017)

Development of miniaturized devices for the rapid and sensitive detection of analyte is crucial for various applications across healthcare, pharmaceutical, environmental, and other industries. Here, we report on the detection of unlabeled analyte by using fluorescently labeled, antibody-conjugated microtubules in a kinesin-1 gliding motility assay. The detection principle is based on the formation of fluorescent supramolecular assemblies of microtubule bundles and spools in the presence of multivalent analytes. We demonstrate the rapid, label-free detection of CD45+ microvesicles derived from leukemia cells. Moreover, we employ our platform for the label-free detection of multivalent proteins at subnanomolar concentrations, as well as for profiling the cross-reactivity between commercially available secondary antibodies. As the detection principle is based on the molecular recognition between antigen and antibody, our method can find general application where it identifies any analyte, including clinically relevant microvesicles and proteins.
Trophoblast-Derived Exosomes Mediate Monocyte Recruitment and Differentiation (2010)

this study presents the initial demonstration that trophoblast-derived exosomes are capable of recruiting and 'educating' monocytes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles in a cell-contact-independent manner.
Independent electromagnetic optimization of the two coating thicknesses of a dielectric layer on the facets of an echelle grating in Littrow mount (2004)

Abstract Electromagnetic investigations using the integral equation system method with parametrization (IESMP) show that the two-coating thicknesses of a dielectric layer on the facets of an echelle grating in a Littrow mount have to be independently optimized. While the optimal coating thickness on the blaze facet is the same for maximal efficiency and minimal absorption in both polarizations, this is not the case for the anti-blaze facet. Therefore, it is only possible to optimize the two-coating thicknesses for one of the purposes. On the blaze facet, a simple formula based on thin-film optical considerations describes the optimal thickness very well. Additionally, we found that resonance anomalies can significantly reduce efficiency if the wrong coating thickness is used on the anti-blaze facet. The coating thickness creating the resonance anomaly can be deduced by investigating the poles of the reflection coefficient of a dielectric coated metallic mirror in grazing incidence. This value can be used to optimize the layer for maximal efficiency. Consequently, we are generally able to describe the optimal coating thicknesses for minimal absorption as well as for maximum efficiency in both, TE- and TM-polarization, using only thin-film optical considerations without any further rigorous calculation.
Measurement of the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient of water near 193 nm (2003)

We discuss our approaches for measuring the absolute index (<i>n</i>), and its dependencies on wavelength (d<i>n</i>/dλ) and temperature (dn/d<i>T</i>), of high-purity water for wavelengths near 193 nm, using the minimum deviation prism method and an interferometric technique. We present preliminary results for these quantities measured by the minimum deviation method.
Cytotoxic effects of acoustic cavitation on HT-29 cells and a rat peritoneal carcinomatosis in vitro. (1991)

Damage to cells and tissues exposed to shock waves (SWs) is thought to be secondary to cavitation phenomena involving the collapse of gas bubbles in a fluid. Using HT-29 cells and DHDK12PROb tumors, we tried to enhance SW-related damage by the simultaneous administration of gas microbubbles. Bubbles resulted from a mixture of air and gelatin (HT-29 cells) or from a carbonated NaCl solution (tumors). HT-29 cells in suspension received either SW (50, 250, or 1000 SWs) alone or in association with bubbles. Trypan blue-negative cells decreased as the number of SWs increased. Exposure to SWs and bubbles resulted in not only an increased but also a delayed mortality as compared to SWs only. One thousand SWs with bubbles induced a complete inhibition of cell growth, with cytoplasmic vacuolae, ruptured membranes, and abnormal nuclear shape and chromatin. Exponential and confluent cells exhibited a similar mortality and growth. DHDK12PROb tumors received either SWs only (50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 SWs) or SWs with bubbles in vitro. Thymidine incorporation was significantly lower after exposure to SWs with bubbles as compared with controls and SWs only; it was nil by 1000 SWs with bubbles. Histopathological features of tumors exposed to SWs with bubbles included erosion and hemorrhage, disorganized structure, pyknotic nuclei, and cytoplasmic vacuolae. We conclude that cavitation, as produced by a combination of SWs and gas microbubbles, can achieve bioeffects which are relevant to cancer therapy.
Changes in Tibiofemoral Joint Space Following Total Knee Arthroplasty During Weight-Bearing Knee Motion (2009)

Increasing the range of knee flexion following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains an important objective for design of new implants and advancement of surgical techniques. With the excellent long term (10–15 year) outcome of TKA, surgeons are more confident about performing the procedure on younger, more active patients demanding increased range of knee flexion [1–3]. Numerous factors have been linked to limited flexion (<120°) following TKA, including patient factors such as preoperative range of motion, intraoperative factors such as component malposition, and implant design [1–3]. Extensor mechanism overstretching due to overstuffing of the knee joint is hypothesized to be a contributing factor limiting knee flexion [1–4]. However, no study to date has investigated the changes in tibiofemoral joint space following TKA. The aim of this study was to examine pre- and post-operative tibiofemoral joint space in a group of TKA patients during weight-bearing knee flexion and to compare it to that in the normal/healthy knee. This could help determine if changes in the proximal-distal distance between the femur and the tibia (tibiofemoral joint space) could lead to extensor mechanism overstretching and consequently limited range of flexion.
A study of practical deduplication (2011)

We collected file system content data from 857 desktop computers at Microsoft over a span of 4 weeks. We analyzed the data to determine the relative efficacy of data deduplication, particularly considering whole-file versus block-level elimination of redundancy. We found that whole-file deduplication achieves about three quarters of the space savings of the most aggressive block-level deduplication for storage of live file systems, and 87% of the savings for backup images. We also studied file fragmentation finding that it is not prevalent, and updated prior file system metadata studies, finding that the distribution of file sizes continues to skew toward very large unstructured files.
Repeatability and Reproducibility (1972)

A simple method is presented for the evaluation of repeatability and reproducibility. The method obviates such difficulties as transformation of data or weighted analysis of variance. The shortcomings of the method consist not in the estimates it gives for the two measures of precision, both of which are as good or better than those given by more sophisticated methods of analysis, but rather in that these two parameters do not contain all the pertinent information contained in interlaboratory test data. Also discussed is the rationale for a proper choice of the number of laboratories and replicate measurements required in an interlaboratory study.
Forensic Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography (2003)

The gas-like mass transfer properties and liquid-like solvation characteristics of supercritical fluid make it a promising medium in performing extractory and chromatographic separations, i.e., supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), respectively. The tunable solvation properties of supercritical carbon dioxide not only improve SFE's efficiency and speed, but also enable SFC to solve niche problems inadequately treated with gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. It is the environmental friendliness of the fluid that accelerates the extensive use of the two methods in forensic science. This review briefly introduces the basic properties of supercritical fluid and how the SFE and SFC instrumentations work in chemical analysis. The applications include the extraction and separation of drugs of abuse, fire debris, and explosives. The invaluable functions of SFE and SFC in forensic investigation are demonstrated.
A robust smart sensor for smart substations (2012)

A low-cost, self-powered, current and temperature smart wireless sensor that can be used in conjunction with several types of utility assets including bus-bars, transformers, disconnect switches, cables, and conductors promises high value for utilities as they move towards a smarter grid. Such sensors will increase asset utilization and reliability, and help utilities in making proactive decisions via an increased amount of information. This paper extends the concept of universal, low-cost, smart, wireless sensors that can be flexibly used with many assets. Challenges related to optimal design for the energy harvester of the sensor, operation of the sensor under fault conditions, and protection of the sensor from lighting strikes, faults, and EMI/corona noise have been addressed. Based on extensive simulation and experimental study, novel designs for an optimal harvester, a versatile protection circuit, and a robust enclosure for the sensor have been proposed. Furthermore, a conceptual network architecture that uses such sensors in a distributed manner to create a smarter substation has been economically justified.
A longitudinal program for biomarker development in Parkinson's disease: A feasibility study (2009)

Long-term follow up is necessary to understand the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease (PD). The Longitudinal and Biomarker Study in PD (LABS-PD) is an observational study designed to prospectively measure the evolution of motor and non-motor features of PD and sample promising biomarkers from early to late stage illness. LABS-PD is organized on the premise that cohorts from completed clinical trials can be re-recruited for long-term follow up. LABS-PD will eventually contain multiple cohorts, but to test the feasibility of the strategy, we examined enrollment and biomarker sampling in the initial cohorts. The first PD cohort (PostCEPT) comes from the de novo clinical trial of a mixed lineage kinase inhibitor (PRECEPT). We assessed the recruitment from PRECEPT to PostCEPT, the ability to link data from the two studies, and sample collection for a variety of biomarkers. A total of 537 of 709 eligible PRECEPT subjects (76%) enrolled in PostCEPT; 509 (95%) had repeat dopamine transporter imaging. PRECEPT clinical and imaging data were successfully linked to PostCEPT, to provide 3 to 4 year follow-up. A biomarker sub-study enrolled over 100 PD cases from PostCEPT and 100 controls to measure olfaction and blood markers of gene expression, alpha-synuclein, and proteomic profiles. We were also successful in linking clinical and biomarker data to DNA samples that have been collected in the publicly accessible Coriell repository. The PostCEPT cohort and associated studies strongly support the feasibility of the LABS-PD approach of retaining and repurposing clinical trial cohorts to collect longitudinal clinical and biomarker data.
Robust human iris pattern recognition system using neural network approach (2013)

This paper proposes a prototype model of robust iris pattern recognition (PR) system for classification of ten different persons using neural network. Feature extraction algorithms are developed and an optimal feature vector comprising of features in relation to image statistics, texture and 2-D transform domain is formed. It is observed that 2D Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT) entails the best performance as compared to other image transforms. Different neural network configurations, such as, Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are implemented after systematically varying the concerned parameters of the respective networks and MLP with single hidden layer is seen to outperform all others with respect to performance on cross validation dataset derived from CASIA iris image database. Further, the sensitivity analysis is carried out over this network in order to reduce time and space complexity of the network. To make this network more robust; controlled Gaussian and Uniform noise are injected in all input features and it is noticed that for both types of noise, the proposed PR system can sustain the variance up to 0.1.
Distribution of an endogenous 16-kd S-lac lectin in the chicken retina. (1994)

To examine by indirect immunofluorescence the distribution of an endogenous 16-kd S-lac lectin (soluble lactose binding lectin) during development of the chicken retina.Cryosections of retinal tissue at different developmental stages and cultured retinal cells (either not permeabilized or permeabilized with acetone) were incubated with a rabbit antiserum that specifically reacts with the retinal 16-kd S-lac lectin. After incubation with a fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody, tissue sections and cultured cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.Retina was weakly stained with the antiserum on early embryonic day 7, whereas on embryonic days 13 and 18 it showed a restricted "granular" staining in the outer retina. At embryonic day 18, in addition, there was widespread staining in all retinal layers. This pattern was maintained by postnatal day 5 and in the adult retina, although the intensity of the staining of the outer retina was weaker. In retinal cell cultures, glial-like flat cells and monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons were stained with the antiserum, but only if they had been previously permeabilized with acetone.The results suggest that the distribution of a 16-kd S-lac lectin changes during retinal development. Cell culture experiments indicate that most often the lectin is localized intracellularly in the different retinal cell types.
Synthetic reactions in polyethylene glycol. Diazotization and sandmeyer reactions of anilines in polyethylene glycol–methylene dichloride (1984)

Diazotization and the Sandmeyer reactions of representative arylamines proceed smoothly in polyethylene glycol–CH2Cl2 and have been found to be effective for the preparation of aryl halides and cyanides.
A comparative study of the gut microbiota in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases—does a common dysbiosis exist? (2018)

This study identified several gut microbial taxa with differential abundance patterns common to IMIDs. We also found differentially abundant taxa between IMIDs. These taxa may serve as biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of IMIDs and suggest there may be a common component to IMID etiology.
Cushing's syndrome associated with ectopic corticotropin production and small-cell lung cancer. (1992)

Ectopic ACTH production is associated with a low response to chemotherapy, short survival, and a high rate of complication to therapy.
Development, validation and application of a device to measure e-cigarette users’ puffing topography (2016)

With the rapidly rising popularity and substantial evolution of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in the past 5-6 years, how these devices are used by vapers and consumers' exposure to aerosol emissions need to be understood. We used puffing topography to measure directly product use. We adapted a cigarette puffing topography device for use with e-cigarettes. We performed validation using air and e-cigarette aerosol under multiple regimes. Consumer puffing topography was measured for 60 vapers provided with rechargeable "cig-a-like" or larger button-activated e-cigarettes, to use ad-libitum in two sessions. Under all regimes, air puff volumes were within 1 mL of the target and aerosol volumes within 5 mL for all device types, serving to validate the device. Vapers' mean puff durations (2.0 s and 2.2 s) were similar with both types of e-cigarette, but mean puff volumes (52.2 mL and 83.0 mL) and mean inter-puff intervals (23.2 s and 29.3 s) differed significantly. The differing data show that product characteristics influence puffing topography and, therefore, the results obtained from a given e-cigarette might not read across to other products. Understanding the factors that affect puffing topography will be important for standardising testing protocols for e-cigarette emissions.
Characterization of an NADH-Dependent Persulfide Reductase from <i>Shewanella loihica</i> PV-4: Implications for the Mechanism of Sulfur Respiration via FAD-Dependent Enzymes<sup>,</sup> (2010)

The NADH-dependent persulfide reductase (Npsr), a recently discovered member of the PNDOR family of flavoproteins that contains both the canonical flavoprotein reductase domain and a rhodanese domain, is proposed to be involved in the dissimilatory reduction of S(0) for Shewanella loihica PV-4. We have previously shown that polysulfide is a substrate for this enzyme, and a recently determined structure of a closely related enzyme (CoADR-Rhod from Bacillus anthracis) suggested the importance of a bound coenzyme A in the mechanism. The work described here shows that the in vivo oxidizing substrates of Npsr are the persulfides of small thiols such as CoA and glutathione. C43S, C531S, and C43,531S mutants were created to determine the role of the flavoprotein domain cysteine (C43) and the rhodanese domain cysteine (C531) in the mechanism. The absolute requirement for C43 in persulfide or DTNB reductase activity shows that this residue is involved in S-S bond breakage. C531 contributes to, but is not required for, catalysis of DTNB reduction, while it is absolutely required for reduction of any persulfide substrates. Titrations of the enzyme with NADH, dithionite, titanium(III), or TCEP demonstrate the presence of a mixed-disulfide between C43 and a tightly bound CoA, and structures of the C43 and C43,531S mutants confirm that this coenzyme A remains tightly bound to the enzyme in the absence of a C43-CoA S-S bond. The structure of Npsr suggests a likely site for binding and reaction with the persulfide substrate on the rhodanese domain. On the basis of kinetic, titration, and structural data, a mechanism for the reduction of persulfides by Npsr is proposed.
Community nurses, social enterprise and community interest companies (2006)

Should community nurses be thinking about social enterprise? Lynn Young assesses the situation
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Precision and Agreement of Anterior Corneal Power Measurements Obtained Using 8 Different Devices (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01587287.
Proof of Supervalent Doping in Olivine LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (2008)

The dopant mechanisms allowing high power in olivine compounds have been hotly debated. Here we conclusively prove that olivines are distinguished by having limited lattice solubility for aliovalent dopants (less than 3%). This is compensated by lithium nonstoichiometry leading to an iron valence +2.
Chemogenomic Profiling of Endogenous <i>PARK2</i> Expression Using a Genome-Edited Coincidence Reporter (2015)

Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a central mediator of mitochondrial quality control and is linked to familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Removal of dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell by Parkin is thought to be neuroprotective, and pharmacologically increasing Parkin levels may be a novel therapeutic approach. We used genome-editing to integrate a coincidence reporter into the PARK2 gene locus of a neuroblastoma-derived cell line and developed a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assay capable of accurately detecting subtle compound-mediated increases in endogenous PARK2 expression. Interrogation of a chemogenomic library revealed diverse chemical classes that up-regulate the PARK2 transcript, including epigenetic agents, drugs controlling cholesterol biosynthesis, and JNK inhibitors. Use of the coincidence reporter eliminated wasted time pursuing reporter-biased false positives accounting for ∼2/3 of the actives and, coupled with titration-based screening, greatly improves the efficiency of compound selection. This approach represents a strategy to revitalize reporter-gene assays for drug discovery.