gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Therapy for Ischemic Stroke (2001)

Intravenous tPA therapy can be given to up to 15% of the patients with acute ischemic stroke with a low risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Successful experience with intravenous tPA therapy depends on the experience and organization of the treating team and adherence to published guidelines.
Some Extensions of Pincherle's Polynomials (1920)

The polynomials which satisfy linear differential equations of the second order and of the hypergeometric type have been the object of extensive work, and very few properties of them remain now hidden; the student who seeks in that direction a subject for research is compelled to look, not after these functions themselves but after generalisations of them. Among these may be set in first place the polynomials connected with a differential equation of the third order and of the extended hypergeometric type, of which a general theory has been given by Goursat. The number of such polynomials of which properties have been studied in particular is rather small; in fact, Appell's polynomials and Pincherle's polynomials, arising from the expansions are, so far as I know, the only well-known ones. To show what can be done in these ways, I shall briefly give the definition and principal properties of some polynomials analogous to Pincherle's and of some allied functions.
Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Pathway and Its Therapeutic Implications (2006)

Apoptosis can be executed through a mitochondria-dependent (intrinsic) and a death receptor–dependent, mitochondria-independent (extrinsic) pathway. The intrinsic pathway is initiated by, for example, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and the extrinsic pathway is initiated by ligand-induced
Fast Circuit Simulation Based on Parallel-Distributed LIM using Cloud Computing System (2010)

This paper describes a fast circuit simulation technique using the latency insertion method (LIM) with a parallel and distributed leapfrog algorithm. The numerical simulation results on the PC cluster system that uses the cloud computing system are shown. As a result, it is confirmed that our method is very useful and practical.
Connecting Genomic Alterations to Cancer Biology with Proteomics: The NCI Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (2013)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium is applying the latest generation of proteomic technologies to genomically annotated tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program, a joint initiative of the NCI and the National Human Genome Research Institute. By providing a fully integrated accounting of DNA, RNA, and protein abnormalities in individual tumors, these datasets will illuminate the complex relationship between genomic abnormalities and cancer phenotypes, thus producing biologic insights as well as a wave of novel candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets amenable to verification using targeted mass spectrometry methods.
Ignacio F. Gonzalez Polo, Polotitlán en el estado de México (1974)

Meyer Jean A. Ignacio F. Gonzalez Polo, Polotitlán en el estado de México. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 29ᵉ année, N. 1, 1974. p. 260.
Simulation of Sandstone Acidizing of a Damaged Perforation (1992)

Summary A mathematical model was developed to study the effect of acidizing on the productivity of a single perforation penetrating a sandstone reservoir as a function of the distribution of damage around the perforation. Assuming the perforation to be ellipsoidal, we derived a 2D model that describes the single-phase flow of an acid through a perforated sandstone that contains two pseudochemical minerals dissolving at different rates. This paper presents cases that show the effectiveness of acidizing in removing both drilling-fluid damage and perforation damage. The most effective stimulation occurs when the perforation damage is removed by the acid.
Adenovector-Mediated Expression of Human Thrombopoietin cDNA in Immune-Compromised Mice: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Osteomyelofibrosis (1998)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) cDNA can be effectively delivered in vivo by adenovectors. Immune normal mice (BALB/c) and syngeneic mice with variable degrees of immune dysfunction nu, SCID, and NOD-SCID) were treated with an adenovirus vector expressing the human TPO cDNA (AdTPO). Platelet peaks were significantly higher in SCID and NOD-SCID mice compared with BALB/c and nu mice. Human plasma TPO concentration correlated with the platelet counts. SCID and NOD-SCID mice exhibited also granulocytosis and increased numbers of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow. Following platelet peak, BALB/c mice developed autoantibodies against murine TPO leading to thrombocytopenia and depletion of megakaryocytes and hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow. AdTPO-treated SCID mice developed osteomyelofibrosis and extramedullary/extrasplenal hemopoiesis. In contrast, NOD-SCID mice with a similar magnitude of TPO overexpression did not show fibrotic changes in bone marrow. We conclude, first, that a chronic high level of TPO overexpression stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis and myelopoiesis leading to thrombocytosis and granulocytosis. Second, increased megakaryocytopoiesis is not sufficient for development of secondary osteomyelofibrosis. The functionally deficient monocytes and macrophages of NOD-SCID mice probably prevented fibrotic marrow changes. Third, immune deficiency enhances expression of adenovirally mediated transgenes, and fourth, xenogeneic transgene delivered by adenovector to a host with normal immune functions may induce loss of immune tolerance and autoimmune phenomenon.
Database managed external file update (2002)

Relational DBMSs (RDBMSs) have evolved to an extent that they are used to manage almost all traditional business data in a robust fashion. Nevertheless, a large fraction of unstructured and semi-structured data continues to be managed by file systems. As companies increasingly depend on non-traditional data for their daily business operations, it becomes more and more important to provide higher degree of integrity, security and reliability to the data stored in file systems. DataLinks technology, developed at IBM Almaden Research Center, achieves this by providing a vital integration between a RDBMS and a file system. It enables the DBMS to manage files residing in file systems as though they are logically within the database. Current DataLinks technology supports only read access to external files that are being managed by the DBMS. This severely restricts the applicability of DataLinks technology in transaction-oriented and/or e-business applications. Traditional database systems enforce ACID properties for database updates. Extending these properties to cover both external files stored outside of a DBMS and metadata stored in the DBMS is a hard problem. This is because files are updated through a standard file-system API while metadata, which references the files, is updated through a database API. This paper describes our experiences in the design and prototyping of an advanced DataLinks technology that supports database-managed external file updates. This enhanced capability makes DataLinks technology an even more attractive solution for managing the world's data.
Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Electrocardiogram Classification (2017)

We propose two deep neural network architectures for classification of arbitrary-length electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and evaluate them on the atrial fibrillation (AF) classification data set provided by the Phy-sioNet/CinC Challenge 2017. The first architecture is a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with averagingbased feature aggregation across time. The second architecture combines convolutional layers for feature extraction with long-short term memory (LSTM) layers for temporal aggregation of features. As a key ingredient of our training procedure we introduce a simple data augmentation scheme for ECG data and demonstrate its effectiveness in the AF classification task at hand. The second architecture was found to outperform the first one, obtaining an F 1 score of 82.1% on the hidden challenge testing set.
Follow-up for renal cell carcinoma. Cost-benefit analysis (2008)

The risk for developing metastases or recurrence depends on the initial tumor stage. Most metastases of renal cell carcinoma occur within the first 3 years after nephrectomy or kidney-sparing surgery. Imaging is focused on the lungs and abdomen, which are the most common locations of metastases. Exposure to radiation caused by follow-up should be taken into account. The follow-up protocol has to be tailored to the stage constellation of each patient to avoid unnecessary examinations and costs.
Multistage etching process for microscopically smooth tellurite glass surfaces in optical fibers (2010)

Bulk samples of tellurite glass with composition 75TeO2–20ZnO–5Na2O (TZN) were fabricated by melting and quenching techniques. In order to improve the surface quality of optical fiber preform made with this tellurite glass, the authors developed a multistage etching process. The relationship between successive etching treatments and roughness of the TZN glass surface was probed by using an atomic force microscope. The results demonstrate that this multistage etching method effectively improves this tellurite glass surface smoothness to a level comparable with that of a reference silica glass slide, and the corresponding chemical micromechanisms and fundamentals are discussed and confirmed by atomic force microscopy, potentially contributing to the development of multicomponent soft glass fibers and devices.
The Right Hemisphere's Contribution to the Processing of Semantic Relationships between Words (2008)

Abstract For more than a century, language has been assumed to be entirely dependent on left‐hemisphere‐based processing. However, since the early 1960s, evidence for the right hemisphere's involvement in language processing, in particular in the semantic processing of words, has emerged. At least three complementary approaches have provided evidence of this: behavioral data from neurologically intact participants, the study of brain‐damaged patients and the use of neuroimaging methods. The goal of this article is to review the major evidence from these three sources concerning the nature of the right hemisphere's contribution to the semantic processing of words. Overall, the data from these studies suggest that both the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere are crucial for semantic processing, with both hemispheres being involved in different ways in the processing of semantic knowledge.
Immunocytochemical localization of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in nervous tissue. I. Adult brain, retina, and peripheral nerve. (1984)

Monospecific antibodies were prepared to a previously characterized chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of brain and used in conjunction with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique to localize the proteoglycan by immunoelectron microscopy. The proteoglycan was found to be exclusively intracellular in adult cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord. Some neurons and astrocytes (including Golgi epithelial cells and Bergmann fibers) showed strong cytoplasmic staining. Although in the central nervous system there was heavy axoplasmic staining of many myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, not all axons stained. Staining was also seen in retinal neurons and glia (ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and Müller cells), but several central nervous tissue elements were consistently unstained, including Purkinje cells, oligodendrocytes, myelin, optic nerve axons, nerve endings, and synaptic vesicles. In sympathetic ganglion and peripheral nerve there was no staining of neuronal cell bodies, axons, myelin, or Schwann cells, but in sciatic nerve the Schwann cell basal lamina was stained, as was the extracellular matrix surrounding collagen fibrils. Staining was also observed in connective tissue surrounding the trachea and in the lacunae of tracheal hyaline cartilage. These findings are consistent with immunochemical studies demonstrating that antibodies to the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of brain also cross-react to various degrees with certain connective tissue proteoglycans.
Rapid analysis of jojoba wax fatty acids and alcohols after derivatization using Grignard reagents (1987)

Abstract This method, based on the action of Grignard reagents, is an original approach to wax derivatization and differs from the methods previously described, which were essentially based on wax alcoholysis. Grignard reagents, especially magnesium ethyl bromide, react on ester functions to turn the wax constituents into primary and tertiary alcohols, the latter being the fatty acid derivatives. The mixture of these alcohols is analyzed by a single gas chromatographic injection. The overall time, about 1.5 hr, makes this method suitable for routine analysis. It could be also considered for analyzing low carbon condensation organic acid esters.
Columnar organization of directionally selective cells in visual area MT of the macaque (1984)

We recorded from single neurons in visual area MT of the macaque in order to examine the spatial distribution of its directionally selective cells. The animals were paralyzed and anesthetized with nitrous oxide. All MT neurons (n = 614) responded better to moving stimuli than to stationary stimuli. For 55% of the neurons, responses to moving stimuli were independent of stimulus color, shape, length, or orientation. For the remaining cells, stimulus length affected the response magnitude and tuning bandwidth but not the preferred direction. MT neurons were divided into four categories on the basis of their sensitivity to moving stimuli: 60% responded exclusively to one direction of motion, 24% responded best to one direction with a weaker response in the opposite direction, 8% responded equally well to two opposite directions of motion, and 8% responded equally well to all directions of motion. The direction preferences of successively sampled cells on a penetration either changed by small increments or occasionally by approximately 180 degrees. Thus, there is a systematic representation of direction of motion. The representation of axis of motion, i.e., the orientation of the path along which a stimulus moves, is more continuous than the representation of direction of motion. There was a systematic relationship between penetration angle and rate of change of preferred axis of motion, indicating that cells with a similar axis of motion preference are arranged in vertical columns. Furthermore, axis of motion columns appear to exist in the form of continuous slabs in area MT. The size of these slabs is such that 180 degrees of axis of motion are represented in 400-500 micron of cortex. There was also a systematic relationship between penetration angle and frequency of 180 degrees reversals, indicating that cells with a similar direction of motion preference are also organized in vertical columns and cells with opposite direction preferences are located in adjacent columns within a single axis of motion column. Just as in macaque striate cortex where approximately 500 micron of cortex contain the mechanism for the local analysis of stimulus orientation, so in MT approximately 500 micron of cortex contain the mechanism for the local analysis of stimulus motion.
Activation of Membrane-Bound Adenylate Cyclase by Glucagon in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1972)

Membrane-bound adenylate cyclase in Neurospora crassa is activated by glucagon. Half-maximal effect is observed at hormone concentrations of about 10 nM. After solubilization of the enzyme with Lubrol-PX, the glucagon effect is lost. Incubation of neurospora cells with glucagon leads to a decrease in the activity of glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11) and to an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) and in the rate of glycogenolysis.
S1 photocathode designed for streak camera image converter tubes (1983)

Semitransparent S1 photocathodes have been developed on a low-resistivity SnO2 layer for streak camera image converter tubes. The 50-Ω/⧠ resistivity combined with good photocathode sensitivity prevents parasitic effects and provides an efficient diagnosis tool for 1.06-μm laser–plasma interaction experiments. Furthermore, the lifetime in the 1-μm range has been greatly increased by a rebaking process which may reestablish the 1.06-μm sensitivity.
Direct Stimulation of Basal Insulin Secretion by Physiological Concentrations of Leptin in Pancreatic β Cells (1997)

We examined a possible mechanism underlying the link between obesity and hyperinsulinemia, focusing on leptin, a peptide released from adipocytes which affects the satiety center in the brain. The leptin receptor isoforms, Ob-Ra and Ob-Rb, are present in the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6 and in rat pancreatic islets, based on RT-PCR. A 2 hr, but not a 30 min, incubation with 1 nM recombinant mouse leptin, the concentration observed in obese subjects, stimulated basal (at 5 mM glucose) insulin secretion by approximately 40% in both MIN6 and rat islets. Stimulatory effects were not observed without glucose or when the incubation medium containing 1 nM leptin had been preincubated with the immobilized leptin antibody. In contrast to the stimulatory effects on basal insulin secretion at 1 nM, the maximally stimulated insulin secretion at 25 mM glucose was not significantly changed by 1 nM leptin in isolated rat islets. In addition, 10 and 100 nM leptin exerted small but significant inhibitory effects on 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Thus, leptin acts directly on pancreatic beta cells, and stimulation of basal insulin secretion by physiological concentrations of leptin may account in part for the fasting hyperinsulinemia observed in obese subjects.
Highly tunable perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets for biotechnology applications (2015)

Magnetic micro and nanoparticles are increasingly used in biotechnological applications due to the ability to control their behavior through an externally applied field. We demonstrate the fabrication of particles made from ultrathin perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/Pt layers with antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. The particles are characterized by zero moment at remanence, low susceptibility at low fields, and a large saturated moment created by the stacking of the basic coupled bilayer motif. We demonstrate the transfer of magnetic properties from thin films to lithographically defined 2 <i>μ</i>m particles which have been lifted off into solution. We simulate the minimum energy state of a synthetic antiferromagnetic bilayer system that is free to rotate in an applied field and show that the low field susceptibility of the system is equal to the magnetic hard axis followed by a sharp switch to full magnetization as the field is increased. This agrees with the experimental results and explains the behaviour of the particles in solution.
Effect of Atomization Conditions on Microstructure of Ni-base Superalloy Powder (1985)

LHC 遠心噴霧法により製造した Ni 基超合金粉末の製造条件と粉末特性および組織微細度 (SII) との関係について検討し, 以下の結果を得た.まず粉末の最頻出粒径 (dm) は主に回転ディスクの周速度に依存し,ディスク径が一定の場合, 回転数 (R) の R-0.84に比例して細粒化する. また, 回転ディスクの材質により粉末形状が変化し, 熱伝導のよいグラファイトを使用した場合, 最も球状化する. 通常, 超合金粉末はキャニング5)された状態で冷間または熱間加工される都合上, 充填率の高い球状粉末が好ましいと考えられる.次に溶質偏析の一つの尺度17)となる2次デンドライト・アーム間隔(SII)は, 回転ディスクの周速度 (DR)0.17に反比例し, 粉末が細粒化するほど減少する. すなわちディスクの回転を増速することが最も効果的である. さらに, 噴霧粒子の冷却には H2, He など熱伝導度のよい冷却媒を使用し, 液化ガスの導入量を多くすると同時に, 雰囲気圧力を高めることも有効であることがわかつた.なお, 本研究は通産省工技院のプロジェクトである 「次世代産業基盤技術開発」 の一環として実施したものである.
Calcium transport by macrophage plasma membranes. (1980)

have a calcium transport system that pumps calcium from the cytoplasmic to the external membrane surface.The activity was dependent on the presence of M g + and ATP, although ADP promoted 50% of the uptake observed in the presence of ATP; AMP, GTP, CTP, and UTP were inactive.The calcium transport reaction required oxalate for sustained uptake >10 min, and the ionophore A23187 (3.3 PM) released sequestered calcium, indicating up- take against an electrochemical gradient.Calcium uptake was ouabain-and azide-insensitive and temperature-dependent.The V,,, of calcium uptake under optimal conditions was 2.25 nmol/mg of protein/min a t 37°C; the apparent K , for MgATP was 0.5 mM and for free Ca2' was 0.48 PM.Trypsinization of the vesicles rapidly inactivated calcium uptake.Washing of vesicles with ethylene glycol bis(P-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',lV" tetraacetic acid (EGTA) decreased their calcium uptake by 50%, suggesting removal of endogenous cafmodulin.Bovine brain calmodulin activated the calcium uptake activity of washed phagocytic vesicles by 2-to 3-fold.Trifluoroperazine, an agent that inhibits calmodulinstimulated reactions in the presence of calcium, inhibited calcium uptake by 50%.A peripheral plasma membrane vesicle preparation prepared by gentle sonication of macrophages (Davies, W. A., and Stossel, T. P. (1977) J. Cell Biol.75,941-955) had a calcium uptake system with properties similar to those of phagocytic vesicles.The findings demonstrate the presence of a calcium pump that could be involved in the control of cytoplasmic movement.Pulmonary macrophages are motile cells that respond to contact with suitable surfaces or micron-sized objects by undergoing movements that lead to spreading and phagocytosis.There is evidence that interactions of actin and other proteins in the cortical cytoplasm of macrophages provide the motor power for these movements and that variations in free calcium concentrations in the cortical cytoplasm of macrophages might control their directionality (1).If the plasma membrane maintains a large electrochemical gradient of calcium between the extracellular environment and the cytoplasm, a slight alteration of its activity could result in a considerable variation
CCR7 provides localized access to IL-2 and defines homeostatically distinct regulatory T cell subsets (2013)

Immune tolerance and activation depend on precise control over the number and function of immunosuppressive Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T reg) cells, and the importance of IL-2 in maintaining tolerance and preventing autoimmunity is clear. However, the homeostatic requirement for IL-2 among specific populations of peripheral T reg cells remains poorly understood. We show that IL-2 selectively maintains a population of quiescent CD44(lo)CD62L(hi) T reg cells that gain access to paracrine IL-2 produced in the T cell zones of secondary lymphoid tissues due to their expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7. In contrast, CD44(hi)CD62L(lo)CCR7(lo) T reg cells that populate nonlymphoid tissues do not access IL-2-prevalent regions in vivo and are insensitive to IL-2 blockade; instead, their maintenance depends on continued signaling through the co-stimulatory receptor ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). Thus, we define a fundamental homeostatic subdivision in T reg cell populations based on their localization and provide an integrated framework for understanding how T reg cell abundance and function are controlled by unique signals in different tissue environments.