gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Constituents of Centipeda minima O. KUNTZE. I. (1970)

From the ether extract of the whole herb of Centipeda minima O. KUNTZE (Compositae), taraxasteryl palmitate (I), taraxasteryl acetate (II), taraxasterol (III), stigmasterol (IV) (contaminated with β-sitosterol), and arnidiol (V) were isolated and identified. An unknown pentacyclic triterpenoid diol (VI), mp 204 -206°, C30H50O2, was also isolated and its structure was discussed from spectroscopic evidences.
Differential effects of polymers PVP90 and Ficoll400 on storage stability and viability of<i>Lactobacillus coryniformis</i>Si3 freeze‐dried in sucrose (2009)

The results will aid in the rational formulation design and proper determination of storage conditions for freeze-dried and highly amorphous lactic acid bacteria formulations. We propose a hypothesis of reason for different stabilizing effects on the cells by the different polymers based on our findings and previous findings.
Chapter 32. Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2015)

PharmacyLibrary® provides the most current resources for a changing profession, featuring APhA’s authoritative textbooks, PharmacotherapyFirst, interactive self-assessments, over 250 Active Learning Exercises easily adaptable for a variety of educational settings, case studies, and more.
Optical Detection System for Triazine Based on Molecularly-Imprinted Polymers (1997)

ABSTRACT A new system for the detection of triazine herbicide was prepared using the molecular imprinting approach. This method is based on the competition between fluorescent-labeled and the unlabeled substance-analyte for the specific binding sites, that were produced in polymer by the imprinting of the template. Polymer synthesis consists of radical polymerization of functional monomer (diethylaminoethyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid) and cross – linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) in the presence of triazine as a template. After grinding of the polymer block and splitting off the template molecules a suspension of the polymer was used for the herbicide-specific sensor system. Selective detection of triazine in the concentration range of 0.01-100 mM was achieved within 4 hours. This method seems to be applicable for the development of optical sensors, combining the high sensitivity and selectivity characteristic for biological receptors and the high stability of the synthetic molecularly imprinted polymers.
Alpha-Acids Do Not Contribute Bitterness to Lager Beer (2007)

The impact of alpha-acids on the bitterness intensity of lager beer was investigated using a trained panel and a psychophysical test with a consumer panel. A trained panel evaluated samples with and without alpha-acids to offer initial analysis on aroma and bitterness intensity. Following the trained panel test, a triangle test comparing an unhopped lager with and without 14 ppm alpha-acids was presented to more than 100 consumers for psychophysical evaluation. Both panels found no significant difference between the samples. Furthermore, the statistical similarity of the control and the 14 ppm alpha-acids samples was validated due to the size of the psychophysical test. This confirmed that alpha-acids at levels as high as the solubility limit in beer contribute negligibly to the overall bitterness of lager beer.
Modern treatment of warts: cure rates at 3 and 6 months (1992)

Four-hundred consecutive referrals with viral warts of the hands and/or feet were investigated to determine the cure rate from a combination of cryotherapy, keratolytic wart paint and paring. For treatment failures after 3 months, the value of continuing cryotherapy and of additional treatment with the immunomodulator inosine pranobex were assessed. Subjects were treated for 3 months with wart paint and cryotherapy and were randomized to receive, or not, paring in addition. Those who did not respond by 3 months were randomized to receive, or not, 3 months further cryotherapy, and to receive inosine pranobex 60 mg/kg/day for 1 week each month, or matching placebo. Fifty-two per cent of subjects were cured by 3 months. The chance of cure was inversely related both to the length of history and to the diameter of the largest wart. Paring improved the cure rate for plantar warts but not for hand warts. During the second 3 months the cure rate fell to 41%. Neither cryotherapy nor inosine pranobex significantly improved this response.
Quantifying Via Charging Currents (1997)

Via charging currents during via over-etch have been measured for the first time using CHARM@-2 wafers and a special-purpose CHARM@-2-compatible photoresist mask with varying via density. The measurements confirm previous findings which showed increased charging potentials and current densities in the presence of patterned resist [l]. The measurements also show the presence of an additional effect - an increase in via charging currents with decreasing via density. This effect may have considerable implications for product damage, and for the evaluation and analysis of resist aspect-ratio dependent charging damage.
Statistical Analysis of DNA Microarray Data in Cancer Research (2006)

Microarray techniques have been widely used to monitor gene expression in many areas of biomedical research. They have been widely used for tumor diagnosis and classification, prediction of prognoses and treatment, and understanding of molecular mechanisms, biochemical pathways, and gene networks. Statistical methods are vital for these scientific endeavors. This article reviews recent developments of statistical methods for analyzing data from microarray experiments. Emphasis has been given to normalization of expression from multiple arrays, selecting significantly differentially expressed genes, tumor classifications, and gene expression pathways and networks.
SEADeViL A Totally Integrated Inertial Navigation System (INS) Solution (2002)

Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation (Kearfott) has successfully developed and integrated a product line of Inertial Navigation Systems/ Global Positioning Systems (INS’s/GPS’s). These systems are the result of the incorporation of GPS with an INS configured with Kearfott’s patented Monolithic Ring Laser Gyro (MRLG) and single-axis navigation accelerometers. The design balances mission requirements, reliability, and cost. Kearfott has utilized its proven Seaborne Navigation (SEANAV) system in conjunction with RD Instruments state of-the-art line of Doppler Velocity Logs and an embedded GPS as the basis for the development of the integrated INS named SEADeViL. The modular design provides the user a greater flexibility in configuring the SEADeViL for particular mission scenarios. The INS components in the SEADeViL system are virtually identical to those utilized in Kearfott’s MILNAV, AIRNAV and SEANAV INS’s with the differences identifiable to application-specific software. The DVLs used are standard Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) provided by RD Instruments, a leader in developing and manufacturing of DVLs. The hardware commonalities in SEADeViL, employ a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) approach, resulting in a broad manufacturing base incorporating Six-Sigma producibility methods. SEADeViL’s heritage with other Kearfott environmentally robust products, is capable of performing during exposure to as variety of adverse mission scenarios.
Celastrol, a Triterpene Extracted from the Chinese “Thunder of God Vine,” Is a Potent Proteasome Inhibitor and Suppresses Human Prostate Cancer Growth in Nude Mice (2006)

Interest in the use of traditional medicines for cancer prevention and treatment is increasing. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies suggest the potential use of proteasome inhibitors as novel anticancer drugs. Celastrol, an active compound extracted from the root bark of the Chinese medicine "Thunder of God Vine" (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), was used for years as a natural remedy for inflammatory conditions. Although Celastrol has been shown to induce leukemia cell apoptosis, the molecular target involved has not been identified. Furthermore, whether Celastrol has antitumor activity in vivo has never been conclusively shown. Here, we report, for the first time, that Celastrol potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome (IC(50) = 2.5 micromol/L) and human prostate cancer cellular 26S proteasome (at 1-5 micromol/L). Inhibition of the proteasome activity by Celastrol in PC-3 (androgen receptor- or AR-negative) or LNCaP (AR-positive) cells results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and three natural proteasome substrates (IkappaB-alpha, Bax, and p27), accompanied by suppression of AR protein expression (in LNCaP cells) and induction of apoptosis. Treatment of PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice with Celastrol (1-3 mg/kg/d, i.p., 1-31 days) resulted in significant inhibition (65-93%) of the tumor growth. Multiple assays using the animal tumor tissue samples from both early and end time points showed in vivo inhibition of the proteasomal activity and induction of apoptosis after Celastrol treatment. Our results show that Celastrol is a natural proteasome inhibitor that has a great potential for cancer prevention and treatment.
Effect of addition of saccharides on gelation of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions (1999)

The properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels containing saccharides (D-xylose, D-fructose, D-glucose, and maltose) were examined. The effect of the addition of saccharides to PVA hydrogels on their melting temperatures was remarkable when the gels were chilled at 0°C with saccharide contents above 40 g/dL. Particularly, the melting temperature was the highest for PVA hydrogels with glucose and above 73°C at the polymer concentrations above 6 g/dL. Namely, the enthalpy of the thermal dissociation of the junctions of the spatial network ΔH was the highest of the four saccharides (glucose > fructose > maltose > xylose) and 150 kJ/mol for the hydrogels with the glucose content of 60 g/dL. The uniform preservation of saccharides and water in their gels were the highest for the gels with fructose during standing for a long time in air after freeze-drying. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1298–1303, 1999
Desiccant Dusts Synergize the Effect of <I>Beauveria bassiana</I> (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) on Stored-Grain Beetles (2001)

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a desiccant insecticide and most efficacious in low humidity. It acts on insect cuticle by absorbing lipids, and perhaps by cuticular abrasion. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, an entomopathogenic fungus, is most efficacious in high humidity and has a complex interaction with cuticular lipids. Interaction between these materials may enhance insect control performance. Assays with stored-grain beetles were conducted with B. bassiana at rates of 11, 33, 100, and 300 mg of conidia per kilogram of grain with and without single rates of DE that killed 10% or less of the target beetles. The assays revealed synergism in effects on adult Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) at all doses. There was statistically significant synergism for adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and larval R. dominica but at only one B. bassiana rate for each target. Both amorphous silicon dioxide, a sorptive dust, and diamond dust, an abrasive, showed synergistic interaction with B. bassiana on adult R. dominica. These results may provide a basis for a least-toxic approach to control of stored-product beetles and for efficacy-enhancing formulation of entomopathogenic fungi.
Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles from Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

In this paper, we report the synthesis of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) nanoparticles by direction reaction of silicon powders and carbon nanotubes. The as-prepared SiC nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering at room temperature. The possible growth mechanism is proposed.
Chikungunya Virus Arthritis in Adult Wild-Type Mice (2010)

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne arthrogenic alphavirus that has recently reemerged to produce the largest epidemic ever documented for this virus. Here we describe a new adult wild-type mouse model of chikungunya virus arthritis, which recapitulates the self-limiting arthritis, tenosynovitis, and myositis seen in humans. Rheumatic disease was associated with a prolific infiltrate of monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Infection with a virus isolate from the recent Reunion Island epidemic induced significantly more mononuclear infiltrates, proinflammatory mediators, and foot swelling than did an Asian isolate from the 1960s. Primary mouse macrophages were shown to be productively infected with chikungunya virus; however, the depletion of macrophages ameliorated rheumatic disease and prolonged the viremia. Only 1 microg of an unadjuvanted, inactivated, whole-virus vaccine derived from the Asian isolate completely protected against viremia and arthritis induced by the Reunion Island isolate, illustrating that protection is not strain specific and that low levels of immunity are sufficient to mediate protection. IFN-alpha treatment was able to prevent arthritis only if given before infection, suggesting that IFN-alpha is not a viable therapy. Prior infection with Ross River virus, a related arthrogenic alphavirus, and anti-Ross River virus antibodies protected mice against chikungunya virus disease, suggesting that individuals previously exposed to Ross River virus should be protected from chikungunya virus disease. This new mouse model of chikungunya virus disease thus provides insights into pathogenesis and a simple and convenient system to test potential new interventions.
[Drug therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. (1996)

BPH patients with Vahlensieck stage II or III disease are suitable for drug treatment. The points of attack are reduction of testosterone, conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, conversion of testosterone to estrogen using GnRH analogues, antiandrogens and alpha reductase inhibitors or aromatose inhibitors. Furthermore a reduction in obstruction is achieved through the use of phytopharmaceuticals containing 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. At present, Curcurbitae pepo seeds, Urtica dioica root, Pollinis siccae extract and Sabal serrulata seed extract are approved for the treatment of prostatic diseases in Germany. The use of alpha-1-sympathicolytic treatment may reduce muscular tone in the prostate. Combination of the various modes of action may also offer an effective form of treatment.
On the mixing time of directed social graphs and security implications (2012)

Many graphs in general, and social graphs in particular, are directed by nature. However, applications built on top of social networks, including Sybil defenses, information routing and dissemination, and anonymous communication require mutual relationships which produce undirected graphs. When undirected graphs are used as testing tools for these applications to bring insight on their usability and potential deployment, directed graphs are converted into undirected graphs by omitting edge directions or by augmenting graphs. Unfortunately, it is unclear how altering these graphs affects the quality of their mixing time. Motivated by the lack of prior work on this problem, we investigate mathematical tools for measuring the mixing time of directed social graphs and its associated error bounds. We use these tools to measure the mixing time of several benchmarking directed graphs and their undirected counterparts. We then measure how this difference impacts two applications built on top of social networks: a Sybil defense mechanism and an anonymous communication system.
Methods in cell separation for biomedical application: cryogels as a new tool (2008)

The analysis and separation of cells including rare cell populations from a heterogeneous population has become an important tool in scientific research and medicine. The last two decades have seen tremendous progress in the field of cell separation, as a result of which various methods have been available which utilize different physiochemical and immunological characteristics of cells. A brief overview of methods of cell separation used in the past and a detailed description of methods being used presently as well as prospective methods are discussed in the paper. Chromatography has come into the picture as the apparent solution for the limitations of various cell separation methods. In recent years, a new and promising affinity-based cell separation chromatography technique has been developed using highly interconnected supermacroporous cryogels, and this new method is discussed in detail. Due to the importance and relevance of cell-based therapy and stem cell separation in the present scenario, cryogels present a new tool for preparative scale cell separation.
Damage repertoire of the Escherichia coli UvrABC nuclease complex includes abasic sites, base-, damage analogues, and lesions containing adjacent 5' or 3' nicks (1990)

Using oligonucleotide synthesis, we demonstrate a rapid and efficient method for the construction of DNA duplexes containing defined DNA lesions at specific positions. These DNA lesions include apyrimidinic sites, reduced apyrimidinic sites, and base-damage analogues consisting of O-methyl- or O-benzylhydroxylamine-modified apyrimidinic sites. A 49 base pair DNA duplex containing these lesions was specifically incised by the UvrABC nuclease complex. The incision sites occurred predominantly at the eighth phosphodiester bond 5' and the fifth phosphodiester bond 3' to the lesion. Multiple incisions were observed 3' to the lesion. The extent of DNA incisions was base-damage analogues greater than reduced apyrimidinic sites greater than apyrimidinic sites. Introduction of 3' or 5' nicks at the site of a base-damage analogue by treatment of these substrates with either endonuclease III or endonuclease IV reduced, but did not abolish, subsequent incision by the UvrABC complex, whereas introduction of a 3' nick at an abasic site increased the incision efficiency of the UvrABC complex. These data demonstrate a convergence of base and nucleotide excision repair pathways in the removal of specific base damages.
Ruthenium(II) Picolyl-NHC Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity in Amine N-alkylation and Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions (2012)

Ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes with picolyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(L)(Cl)][PF6] (L = 3-methyl-1-(2-picolyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1a), 3-isopropyl-1-(2-picolyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1b), 3,4,5-trimethyl-1-(2-picolyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1c), 3-mesityl-1-(2-picolyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1d), 3-methyl-1-(2-picolyl)benzoimidazol-2-ylidene (1e), 3-methyl-1-(2-picolyl)-4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-ylidene (1f), 3-phenyl-1-(2-picolyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1g)) have been synthesized and characterized. Compounds 1a–g were recrystallized, and X-ray crystal structures are reported for 1a,f. Furthermore, compounds 1a–f show catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation of ketones and N-alkylation of amines. Notably, complexes 1a,c,f were found to be very efficient and versatile catalysts toward transfer hydrogenation of a wide range of ketones and imines in addition to N-alkylation of several amines.
A simple and efficient implementation of a small database (1987)

This paper describes a technique for implementing the sort of small databases that frequently occur in the design of operating systems and distributed systems. We take advantage of the existence of very large virtual memories, and quite large real memories, to make the technique feasible. We maintain the database as a strongly typed data structure in virtual memory, record updates incrementally on disk in a log and occasionally make a checkpoint of the entire database. We recover from crashes by restoring the database from an old checkpoint then replaying the log. We use existing packages to convert between strongly typed data objects and their disk representations, and to communicate strongly typed data across the network (using remote procedure calls). Our memory is managed entirely by a general purpose allocator and garbage collector. This scheme has been used to implement a name server for a distributed system. The resulting implementation has the desirable property of being simultaneously simple, efficient and reliable.
Design and evaluation of load control in Web server systems (2004)

Nonlinear discrete-time modeling of a Web server system is investigated. Server systems typically contain nonlinearities such as saturations and bounded queue lengths. The incoming traffic and service rates are best modeled by stochastic processes, well described and analyzed by queuing theory. Here, we develop and validate a control theoretic model of a general single server queue, a so-called G/G/1-system. Based on the nonlinear system model, design of admission controllers are presented and the closed loop stability is analyzed. The behavior of the server model is verified with respect to queue theoretic models. Finally, experimental evaluation is performed on an Apache Web server in a laboratory network. A traffic generator is used to represent client requests. The control of the Apache server has been re-written to implement our algorithms. We show that the control theoretic model aligns well with the experiments on the Web-server. Measurements in the laboratory setup show the robustness of the implemented controller, and how it corresponds to the results from the theoretical analysis and the simulations.
Bundles in captivity: an application of superimposed information (2002)

What do you do to make sense of a mass of information on a given topic? Paradoxically, you likely add yet more information to the pile: annotations, underlining, bookmarks, cross-references, etc. We want to build digital information systems for managing such added or superimposed information and support applications that create and manipulate it. We find that requirements for a superimposed information system can be quite different from those for a traditional database management system: a lightweight implementation, multi-model information structures, "schema-later" data entry, interacting with data that is "outside the box" (controlled by other applications), and support, rather than removal, of redundancy. We report on SLIMPad (Superimposed Layer Information Manager scratchPad), a superimposed application which was inspired by the "bundling" of information elements from disparate sources we observed in a medical setting. We propose an architecture for superimposed applications and information management. Our prototype components to implement the architecture give flexibility in structuring superimposed information, and also encapsulate addressing, at a sub-document granularity, into a variety of base information sources.