gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OFDMA-Based Medium Access Control for Next-Generation WLANs (2009)

Existing medium access control (MAC) schemes for wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been shown to lack scalability in crowded networks and can suffer from widely varying delays rendering them unsuited to delay sensitive applications, such as voice and video communications. These deficiencies are mainly due to the use of random multiple access techniques in the MAC layer. The design of these techniques is highly linked to the choice of the underlying physical (PHY) layer technology. The advent of new PHY schemes that are based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) provides new opportunities for devising more efficient MAC protocols. We propose a new adaptive MAC design based on OFDMA technology. The design uses OFDMA to reduce collision during transmission request phases and makes channel access more predictable. To improve throughput, we combine the OFDMA access with a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme. Data transmission opportunities are assigned through an access point that can schedule traffic streams in both time and frequency (subchannels) domains. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MAC and compare it to existing mechanisms through simulation and by deriving an analytical model for the operation of the MAC in saturation mode.
Hygroscopic Growth of Consumer Spray Products (1995)

The hygroscopic growth of particles produced from 12 consumer spray products was studied to provide the quantitative basis for modeling their respiratory deposition. A tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) was used for the measurement of growth of aerosol particles produced by spray from three disinfectants, four deodorants, four air fresheners, and a cooking medium. The soluble fractions of the aerosol particles were measured for each product and from the growth theory, the molecular weights of the products were estimated. The size distributions of the spray product aerosols were also measured using a low-pressure impactor. It was observed that some of the spray product aerosol do not grow at all, while others showed moderate to high growth. The growth ratio ranged from 1 to nearly 4 depending on the nature of the product and the initial size of the aerosol. The soluble fractions and molecular weights were in the range 0.04–0.96 and 15–700, respectively. The mass median aerodynamic diameters of the aerosols varied from 2.3 to 8.8 μm and geometric standard deviations from 2.0 to 3.8.
Application of genetic algorithms to the design of microstrip antennas, wire antennas and microwave absorbers (2003)

This dissertation explores the general methodology for designing electromagnetic (EM) systems by combining genetic algorithms (GA) with computational electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The EM problems investigated are broadband and multi-band microstrip antennas, low-profile microwave absorbers and electrically small wire antennas. It is shown that optimized performance can be designed and realized using simple shape control. In addition, novel GA approaches are investigated for more challenging multi-objective problems. The developed methodology is also used to explore performance bounds in complex EM systems. 
First, the use of GA to design microstrip antenna shapes for broadband and multi-band applications is investigated. A full-wave electromagnetic solver is employed to predict the performance of microstrip antennas with arbitrary patch shapes. A GA with two-point crossover and geometrical filtering is implemented to optimize the patch shape. For broadband application, the optimized patch antenna achieves a four-fold improvement in bandwidth when compared to a standard square microstrip. For multi-band application, the optimized patches show that arbitrary frequency spacing ranging from 1:1.1 to 1:2 can be achieved. Tri-band and quad-band microstrip shapes are also generated and the resulting designs show good operations at the designated frequencies. 
Second, the use of GA for designing optimal shapes for corrugated coatings under near-grazing incidence is examined. Optimized coating shapes depending on different polarizations are generated. Physical interpretations for the optimized structure are discussed, and the resulting shape is compared to conventional planar and triangular shaped designs. This problem is also extended from the single to multi-objective optimization using the Pareto GA. Optimization results using two different objectives, the height (or weight) of the coating versus absorbing performance, are presented. 
Finally, this dissertation reports on the use of GA in the design optimization of electrically small wire antennas, taking into account of bandwidth, efficiency and antenna size. To efficiently map out this multi-objective problem, the Pareto GA is implemented with the concept of divided range optimization. An optimal set of designs, trading off bandwidth, efficiency and antenna size, are generated. Several GA designs are built, measured and compared to the simulation. Physical interpretations of the GA-optimized structures are provided, and the results are compared against the well-known fundamental limit for small antennas. Further improvements using other geometrical design freedoms are also discussed.
Constructing a classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community (2015)

The global allergy community strongly believes that the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) offers a unique opportunity to improve the classification and coding of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases via inclusion of a specific chapter dedicated to this disease area to facilitate epidemiological studies, as well as to evaluate the true size of the allergy epidemic. In this context, an international collaboration has decided to revise the classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases and to validate it for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community. After careful comparison between ICD-10 and 11 beta phase linearization codes, we identified gaps and trade-offs allowing us to construct a classification proposal, which was sent to the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) sections, interest groups, executive committee as well as the World Allergy Organization (WAO), and American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) leaderships. The crowdsourcing process produced comments from 50 of 171 members contacted by e-mail. The classification proposal has also been discussed at face-to-face meetings with experts of EAACI sections and interest groups and presented in a number of business meetings during the 2014 EAACI annual congress in Copenhagen. As a result, a high-level complex structure of classification for hypersensitivity/allergic diseases has been constructed. The model proposed has been presented to the WHO groups in charge of the ICD revision. The international collaboration of allergy experts appreciates bilateral discussion and aims to get endorsement of their proposals for the final ICD-11.
Research on WAP clients supports SET payment protocol (2002)

This article analyzes SET, Secure Electronic Transaction, and WAP, Wireless Application Protocol. Because a WAP client has a less powerful CPU and less memory, and the normal SET cardholder software is large, a WAP client cannot install it. This article provides one model in which a WAP client installing a "thin" wallet securely connects with an Internet wallet server, and communicates with other SET entities to support SET payment. The WAP client's wallet is used by the cardholder to communicate with merchant POS applications and enter SET purchase instructions. The wallet server contains most of the functionality now found on current fat SET wallets. It routes purchase requests from the cardholder, communicates with other SET components, and manages the digital keys and certificates supporting SET security.
Dissolution-Accompanied Aggregation Kinetics of Silver Nanoparticles (2010)

Bare silver nanoparticles with diameters of 82 ± 1.3 nm were synthesized by the reduction of the Ag(NH(3))(2)(+) complex with D-maltose, and their morphology, crystalline structure, UV-vis spectrum, and electrophoretic mobilities were determined. Dynamic light scattering was employed to assess early stage aggregation kinetics by measuring the change in the average hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles with time over a range of electrolyte types (NaCl, NaNO(3), and CaCl(2)) and concentrations. From this the critical coagulation concentration values were identified as 30, 40, and 2 mM for NaNO(3), NaCl, and CaCl(2), respectively. Although the silver nanoparticles were observed to dissolve in all three electrolyte solutions, the aggregation results were still consistent with classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The dissolution of the silver nanoparticles, which were coated with a layer of Ag(2)O, was highly dependent on the electrolyte type and concentration. In systems with Cl(-) a secondary precipitate, likely AgCl, also formed and produced a coating layer that incorporated the silver nanoparticles. Aggregation of the silver nanoparticles was also examined in the presence of Nordic aquatic fulvic acid and was little changed compared to that evaluated under identical fulvic acid-free conditions. These results provide a fundamental basis for further studies evaluating the environmental fate of silver nanoparticles in natural aquatic systems.
pH-Dependent Cellulosic Microspheres Containing Cefuroxime Axetil: Stability and In Vitro Release Behavior (1997)

Cefuroxime axetil (CA) was encapsulated in pH-dependent cellulosic microspheres with the final aim of masking taste while assuring its release into the intestinal cavity. The polymers selected were: CAT (cellulose acetate trimellitate) and two types of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, HPMCP-55 and HPMCP-50. The CA-loaded CAT and HPMCP-55 microspheres were obtained by a solvent extraction procedure, whereas the encapsulation of CA into HPMCP-50 microspheres was only achieved by a solvent evaporation technique. All the formulations displayed pH-dependent release profiles, releasing their total content in 30 min when exposed to an aqueous medium of pH 6.0. Analysis of the encapsulated molecule by HPLC revealed that a problem of compatibility arises between CA and CAT, leading to the formulation of a high amount of CA impurities. By contrast, a minimum amount of impurities was detected upon encapsulation of CA within HPMCP, this amount being lower for HPMCP-55 than for HPMCP-50. Finally, the taste-masking test carried out for the formulation made of HPMCP-55 evidenced the efficacy of the polymer coating in preventing the release of CA in an acidic medium and thus masking its taste.
Of Invaders and Islets (2001)

Salmonella bacteria enter cells lining the gut and survive within a membrane-bounded vacuole. Normally, organisms that invade cells are attacked by host lysosomes (which contain degradative enzymes), but Salmonella manages to thwart attack by preventing its vacuole from fusing with a lysosome. A few hours after entry, the Salmonella-containing vacuole forms an extensive network of tubular filaments, possibly for nutrient uptake, but no one knows how this happens.
Coagulation function in fresh frozen plasma prepared with two photochemical treatment methods (2006)

Presented at the XXIX International Congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) September 2-7, 2006 Cape Town, South Africa D r J e a n C l a u d e O s s e l a e r D e p t o f T r a n s f u s i o n M o n t G o d i n n e U n i v e r s i t y H o s p i t a l 5 5 3 0 Y v o i r B e l g i u m 3 2 + 8 1 4 2 3 2 4 2 j e a n c l a u d e . o s s e l a e r @ s a n g . u c l . a c . b e
Reproductive chemical communication of helminths. II. Aschelminthes (1982)

The literature suggests that chemical communication by primer and releaser pheromones may be extensive within the helminths. Although our detailed knowledge of these events is sparse, the number of reports indicates that a chemical mediation of developmental, reproductive, and behavioral processes may be mandatory in the nematodes, acanthocephala, and other aschelminths. Accordingly, this review presents a summary of our current status.
Deposition of inhaled charged ultrafine particles in a simple tracheal model (1995)

The deposition of ultrafine (d ⩽ 200 nm) particles on airway surfaces is an important determinant of the radiation dose that results from inhalation of radon progeny. Diffusion is the dominant deposition mechanism for radon progeny since most of the alpha particle activity is on ultrafine particles. Freshly formed 218Po is rapidly neutralized but, there remains some charged fraction of each short-lived decay product. Theoretical predictions suggest that a measurable increase in airway deposition may result from particle charge. We have measured and compared the deposition (η) of monodisperse singly charged, and charge neutralized, particles with diameters from 15 to 95 nm in simple tracheal models. Differences in deposition were detectable for particles < 30 nm in diameter in 10, 23 and 30 cm long tubes, and for particles up to 95 nm for the longest (30 cm) tube tested. Variations in the magnitude of electrostatic deposition with particle and flow parameters is consistent with theoretical predictions.
A novel framework for closed-loop robotic motion simulation - part II: Motion cueing design and experimental validation (2010)

This paper, divided in two Parts, considers the problem of realizing a 6-DOF closed-loop motion simulator by exploiting an anthropomorphic serial manipulator as motion platform. After having proposed a suitable inverse kinematics scheme in Part I [1], we address here the other key issue, i.e., devising a motion cueing algorithm tailored to the specific robot motion envelope. An extension of the well-known classical washout filter designed in cylindrical coordinates will provide an effective solution to this problem. The paper will then present a thorough experimental evaluation of the overall architecture (inverse kinematics + motion cueing) on the chosen scenario: closed-loop simulation of a Formula 1 racing car. This will prove the feasibility of our approach in fully exploiting the robot motion capabilities as a motion simulator.
Electrochromic Polymers Processed from Environmentally Benign Solvents (2018)

The ability to process conjugated polymers from environmentally benign solvents is essential for making organic electronics commercially viable by reducing costs and enhancing safety in the printing and processing environment. To enhance the solubility of typically alkyl-functionalized redox-active and electrochromic polymers, poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes) with ester-functionalized side chains were synthesized via direct arylation polymerization, resulting in polymers that are processable from 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate. Optical and atomic force microscopy results of spray-processed films indicate that topological features, such as film roughness, can be manipulated via the vapor pressure of the processing solvent. The solvent choice affects the resulting onset of absorbance and relative intensities of vibronic features, which translates into distinctly observable and quantifiable color differences. While the color is sensitive to the casting solvent, the redox properties and onset of oxidation are fairly independent of the processing medium. Most notably, electrochromic properties, such as contrast and switching times, are not drastically affected by the casting solvent or underlying morphologies. Independent of casting solvent, each polymer exhibited a transmittance change greater than 70% at λmax in the oxidized state with switching speeds of ∼2 s for 2 cm2 films in organic electrolytes. This work highlights the synthetic tailorability of the poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) family of materials to introduce functional groups that improve processability without sacrificing electrochromic performance.
Hydrogen production by the catalytic steam reforming of methanol: Part 2: Kinetics of methanol decomposition using girdler G66B catalyst (1985)

Abstract The rate of catalytic decomposition of methanol in the presence of steam has been studied using a commercial Girdler G66B CuO‐ZnO low temperature shift catalyst from 150 to 250°C at atmospheric pressure. The mole ratio of steam to methanol was varied from 0 to 1.5, and the feed rates covered the range from 300 to 1400 kg s/mol. The data were successfully correlated using a simple reaction network involving CH 3 OH, H 2 O, CO and H 2 . A conventional reversible reaction rate equation was used which included a resistance term for site blockage by a CO surface complex. The methanol decomposition rate constants showed satisfactory Arrhenius behaviour with an activation energy of about 96 kJ/mole.
Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Effects of Intracerebroventricular Adrenomedullin in Conscious Sheep* (1998)

Adrenomedullin, the recently described vasodilator that exhibits potent hypotensive actions when administered systemically, is also found in the central nervous system, suggesting a role for adrenomedullin as a neurohormone. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the central effects of adrenomedullin. Therefore, we have examined the integrative hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal effects of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) adrenomedullin in conscious sheep. Eight surgically prepared sheep received I.C.V. infusions of adrenomedullin at two doses (2 ng/kg x min followed immediately by 20 ng/kg x min each for 90 min) in a vehicle-controlled study. Water deprivation for 48 h before control infusion resulted in sheep drinking 2617 +/- 583 ml in the 90-min period following reintroduction of water. On the adrenomedullin day, drinking was halved to 1392 +/- 361 ml (P < 0.05). Adrenomedullin had no significant effect on urinary volume and sodium excretion. Plasma adrenomedullin levels remained unchanged during control infusions but were elevated by the end of I.C.V. adrenomedullin infusions (P < 0.001). Plasma ANP levels were also increased approximately 50% (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of both ACTH and cortisol were also increased 3- to 4-fold in response to I.C.V. adrenomedullin (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in arterial pressure, heart rate, or cardiac output between study days. In conclusion, adrenomedullin within the central nervous system may have at least two roles: modulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and protection against fluid overload.
Solving Multiple Fleet Airline Disruption Problems Using a Distributed-Computation Approach to Integer Programming (2017)

The execution of the airline operation is often deviated from the original schedule due to some unexpected disruptions, such as aircraft breakdowns and severe weather conditions. In this situation, a recovery plan is needed to get the irregular operation back to normal to minimize the losses of the airline. To produce recovery plans and solve the airline disruption problems, a novel modified traveling salesman problem model is proposed to generate sets of the feasible flight routes for each aircraft fleet type. Then, the feasible flight routes are reassigned to the available aircrafts in each fleet to form a recovery plan. Numerical results show that the approach proposed in this paper is efficient and promising.
Design and Analysis of Microprocessor-Controlled Peak-Power-Tracking System<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref> (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Analyses and designs of a peak-power-tracking system using microprocessor control are performed. Large-signal stability and dynamics of the system for various modes of operation are analyzed based on qualitative graphical representations of DC load lines at various interfaces of the system. Small-signal stability around the equilibrium points is also analyzed. Predictions from the analyses are verified by experimental results.</div>
Flexural Behavior of Fiber Mesh-Reinforced Concrete with Glass Aggregate (2002)

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Gaussian Multiple and Random Access in the Finite Blocklength Regime (2020)

This paper presents finite-blocklength achievabil- ity bounds for the Gaussian multiple access channel (MAC) and random access channel (RAC) under average-error and maximal-power constraints. Using random codewords uniformly distributed on a sphere and a maximum likelihood decoder, the derived MAC bound on each transmitter's rate matches the MolavianJazi-Laneman bound (2015) in its first- and second-order terms, improving the remaining terms to 1/2 (log n)/n + O(1/n) bits per channel use. The result then extends to a RAC model in which neither the encoders nor the decoder knows which of K possible transmitters are active. In the proposed rateless coding strategy, decoding occurs at a time n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> that depends on the decoder's estimate t of the number of active transmitters k. Single-bit feedback from the decoder to all encoders at each potential decoding time n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , i ≤ t, informs the encoders when to stop transmitting. For this RAC model, the proposed code achieves the same first-, second-, and third-order performance as the best known result for the Gaussian MAC in operation.
[Cranioplasty using the patient's autogenous bone preserved by freezing--an examination of post-operative infection rates]. (2002)

The current technique for cranioplasty using artificial bone requires further improvement with regard to infection, strength and comfort through good fitting. We have carried out cranioplasty using the patient's autogenous bone flap obtained during first surgery. It was immersed in 200 mg of Amikacin Sulphate, and frozen at -16 degrees C until its use in cranioplasty. From 1980 to 1998, cranioplasty has been carried out on 206 patients. They consisted of 118 males and 88 females, and their age ranged in our institute from 1 to 81; average age 51.1. Ruptured aneurysm (48%), head injury (14%), intracranial hemorrhage (23%) and cerebral infarction (12%) were the major causes requiring decompression surgery. We analyse the bone preservation period and the time between cranioplasty and the onset of infection. The infection rates per bone preservation periods, the causes of decompression and age groups are studied. Of the 208 case studies, infection necessitating bone removal or debridement was noted in 8 cases (3.88%). Average bone preservation period in the infected group was 31.1 days as compared with 54.9 days for the non-infected group (p < 0.05). Not patient age but the type of head injury is also a significant factor in post cranioplasty infection.