gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Disease Segmentation of Gliomas and White Matter Hyperintensities in the BraTS Data Using a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

An important challenge in segmenting real-world biomedical imaging data is the presence of multiple disease processes within individual subjects. Most adults above age 60 exhibit a variable degree of small vessel ischemic disease, as well as chronic infarcts, which will manifest as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain MRIs. Subjects diagnosed with gliomas will also typically exhibit some degree of abnormal T2 signal due to WMH, rather than just due to tumor. We sought to develop a fully automated algorithm to distinguish and quantify these distinct disease processes within individual subjects' brain MRIs. To address this multi-disease problem, we trained a 3D U-Net to distinguish between abnormal signal arising from tumors vs. WMH in the 3D multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI, i.e., native T1-weighted, T1-post-contrast, T2, T2-FLAIR) scans of the International Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) 2018 dataset (<i>n</i> <sub>training</sub> = 285, <i>n</i> <sub>validation</sub> = 66). Our trained neuroradiologist manually annotated WMH on the BraTS training subjects, finding that 69% of subjects had WMH. Our 3D U-Net model had a 4-channel 3D input patch (80 × 80 × 80) from mpMRI, four encoding and decoding layers, and an output of either four [background, active tumor (AT), necrotic core (NCR), peritumoral edematous/infiltrated tissue (ED)] or five classes (adding WMH as the fifth class). For both the four- and five-class output models, the median <i>Dice</i> for whole tumor (WT) extent (i.e., union of AT, ED, NCR) was 0.92 in both training and validation sets. Notably, the five-class model achieved significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.002) lower/better Hausdorff distances for WT extent in the training subjects. There was strong positive correlation between manually segmented and predicted volumes for WT (<i>r</i> = 0.96) and WMH (<i>r</i> = 0.89). Larger lesion volumes were positively correlated with higher/better <i>Dice</i> scores for WT (<i>r</i> = 0.33), WMH (<i>r</i> = 0.34), and across all lesions (<i>r</i> = 0.89) on a log(10) transformed scale. While the median <i>Dice</i> for WMH was 0.42 across training subjects with WMH, the median <i>Dice</i> was 0.62 for those with at least 5 cm<sup>3</sup> of WMH. We anticipate the development of computational algorithms that are able to model multiple diseases within a single subject will be a critical step toward translating and integrating artificial intelligence systems into the heterogeneous real-world clinical workflow.
Long-Term Use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Cancer (2012)

The association between angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and cancer is controversial with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting conflicting results. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether ARBs are associated with an overall increased risk of the four most common cancers, namely, lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancers, and to explore these effects separately for each cancer type. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a nested case-control analysis within the United Kingdom (UK) General Practice Research Database. We assembled a cohort of patients prescribed antihypertensive agents between 1995, the year the first ARB (losartan) entered the UK market, and 2008, with follow-up until December 31, 2010. Cases were patients newly-diagnosed with lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer during follow-up. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer incidence, comparing ever use of ARBs with ever use of diuretics and/or beta-blockers. The cohort included 1,165,781 patients, during which 41,059 patients were diagnosed with one of the cancers under study (rate 554/100,000 person-years). When compared to diuretics and/or beta-blockers, ever use of ARBs was not associated with an increased rate of cancer overall (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.96-1.03) or with each cancer site separately. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers was associated with an increased rate of lung cancer (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.20 and RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12-1.27, respectively). This study provides additional evidence that the use of ARBs does not increase the risk of cancer overall or any of the four major cancer sites. Additional research is needed to further investigate a potentially increased risk of lung cancer with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers.
Self-assembled cholesteric liquid crystal gels: preparation and scattering-based electrooptical switching (2003)

Two gelator compounds were used to prepare self-assembled cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) gels. The presence of a physical network formed by the fibrous aggregates of the gelators in the CLC host creates inhomogeneous domains and generates a highly scattering state. The scattering-based electrooptical switching effects of the CLC gels were investigated by changing a number of parameters such as the texture of the CLC in which the aggregation of the gelator occurs, the concentration of gelator and the concentration of chiral dopant. The resulting network of aggregates determines the electrooptical response as it affects the light scattering by the CLC domains in the field-off state and the degree of CLC alignment as well as the light scattering by the network in the field-on state.
Imaging Depression in Epilepsy: Hints at the Biology of Despair (2007)

Major Depression in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: Clinical and Imaging Correlates. Briellmann RS, Hopwood MJ, Jackson GD. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007 Jan 26; [Epub ahead of print] PURPOSE: Refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Patients with Major Depression (MD) may also show structural abnormalities in the limbic system. Co-occurrence of TLE with HS and MD is not uncommon. We investigate clinical and morphological characteristics of TLE patients in relation to MD. METHODS: Thirty-four TLE patients with HS were assessed at a Comprehensive Epilepsy Program. All relevant clinical data were obtained, including the history of antecedent events to epilepsy. MD was diagnosed based on detailed psychiatric investigation. MRI was used to measure the volume and tissue signal (T2-relaxometry) of the hippocampus and amygdala. The imaging data were expressed as percentage of the values obtained in a series of 55 controls. RESULTS: A history of MD was present in 15 (44%) of the 34 patients. Patients with MD had a longer duration of their epilepsy ( p < 0.05), and a lower frequency of antecedent events (13% with MD, 58% without MD, p < 0.05). Both groups had a similar degree of ipsilateral HS (small hippocampal volume, increased hippocampal T2-relaxation time), and demonstrated bilateral amygdaloid atrophy. However, the contralateral amygdala showed lower signal in presence of MD (97 ± 9 msec; no MD: 103 ± 8 msec, ANCOVA, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The integrity of the amygdala may influence mood disturbances in TLE patients with HS, as depression was associated with a relative preservation of the contralateral amygdala. In contrast, hippocampal abnormalities were not related to the presence of depression. Hippocampal 1H-MRSI Correlates with Severity of Depression Symptoms in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Gilliam FG, Maton BM, Martin RC, Sawrie SM, Faught RE, Hugg JW, Viikinsalo M, Kuzniecky RI. Neurology 2007;68(5):364–368. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of an indicator of hippocampal function with severity of depression symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: We evaluated 31 patients with video/EEG-confirmed temporal lobe epilepsy using creatine/ N-acetylaspartate ratio maps derived from a previously validated 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( 1 H-MRSI) technique at 4.1 T. We also assessed depression symptoms, epilepsy-related factors, and self-perceived social and vocational disability. We used conservative nonparametric bivariate procedures to determine the correlation of severity of depression symptoms with imaging and clinical variables. RESULTS: The extent of hippocampal 1 H-MRSI abnormalities correlated with severity of depression (Spearman rho = 0.65, p value < 0.001), but other clinical factors did not. CONCLUSION: The extent of hippocampal dysfunction is associated with depression symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy and may be a more important factor than seizure frequency or degree of disability.
Fluctuation limits & amp; scaling opportunities for CMOS SRAM cells (2006)

Fundamental limitations on scaling CMOS SRAM cell transistor dimensions and operating voltages are demonstrated by measuring the local stochastic distributions of read, write and retention DC margins of 65nm PDSOI CMOS SRAM cells. DC measurements show, for the first time, the write operation to be more fluctuation limited. Measurements also reveal fundamental insights into terminal voltage dependencies of the fluctuations of cell storage node voltages - observations that are engaged to increase cell immunity to fluctuations by several orders of magnitude by biasing the cell terminal voltages appropriately
Crystal Phase Control for Titanium Dioxide Films by Direct Deposition in Aqueous Solutions (2002)

Crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) was directly grown on a substrate via heterogeneous nucleation in aqueous solutions with titanyl sulfate at near room temperature. The crystal phase of TiO2 films was essentially determined by the initial pH value and the Ti concentration of the precursor solutions. The rutile and anatase phases were produced in the solutions around their thermodynamic equilibrium conditions between Ti(IV) ionic species and the solid phases. The effect of the deposition rate on the crystal phases was not dominant in this system. On the other hand, the morphology of the TiO2 products was influenced by the reaction rate controlled with the properties of anions as a ligand for titanium cations. Homogeneous rutile and anatase films consisting of highly oriented needlelike crystals were obtained with a relatively slow deposition rate.
Gestural Interaction for Robot Motion Control (2011)

Recent advances in gesture recognition made the problem of controlling a humanoid robot in the most natural possible way an interesting challenge. Learning from Demonstration field takes strong advantage from this kind of interaction since users who have no robotics knowledge are allowed to teach new tasks to robots easier than ever before. In this work we present a cheap and easy way to implement humanoid robot along with a visual interaction interface allowing users to control it. The visual system is based on the Microsoft Kinect's RGB-D camera. Users can deal with the robot just by standing in front of the depth camera and mimicking a particular task they want to be performed by the robot. Our framework is cheap, easy to reproduce, and does not strictly depend on the particular underlying sensor or gesture recognition system.
Novel Method for Isolation of Adult Porcine Pancreatic Islets with Two-Stage Digestion Procedure (1999)

It is particularly difficult to isolate porcine islets (PI). Experience suggests that the success rate of porcine islet isolation (PII) is probably considerably influenced by the distension and digestion of the pancreas. In this study, we divided the digestion procedure into two stages and developed a new enzyme solution to improve both the distension and digestion procedures. As a result, we established a novel and stable method of large-scale adult porcine islet isolation (APII). The harvested pancreata of 2-year-old pigs weighing over 200 kg (n = 18) were distended by introducing our new enzyme solution gently and slowly through the pancreatic ducts. Two-stage digestion (cold, then warm) was then performed by first placing the distended pancreata on ice for 2 h to cause diffusion of the enzyme solution around the islets, and then by incubating the pancreata in a water bath at 37°C for 45 min without shaking. The islets were purified by a COBE 2991 cell processor on dextran T70 discontinuous density gradients. Histological study was performed on porcine pancreata sampled after 0, 15, 30, and 45 min of the second stage, and stained with H&E stain. Next, islet equivalent was calculated. Static incubation study was performed by stimulating the islets with 3.3 and 16.7 mM glucose in Krebs' Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRBB) solution at 37°C for 1 h, and finally the insulin released was measured. The dilated acinar cells septa around the islets were observed at time 0. Destruction of the acinar cells around the islets by warm digestion was recognized at 15 and 30 min, and destroyed and separated acinar cells present around the islets at 45 min. During the entire course of the warm digestion, the islets remained intact. The number of isolated islets was 291,667 ± 240,452 IEQ/pancreas (n = 14) and 3,294 ± 2199 IEQ/g of pancreatic tissue. The purity of recovered porcine islets was over 90%. The concentration of the insulin secreted by 10,000 IEQ islets selected at random was 83.9 ± 13.4 μU/dish/h in response to 3.3 mM glucose and 104.1 ± 12.9 μU/dish/h in response to 16.7 mM glucose (n = 20). A success rate of approximately 80% was attained with APII. We demonstrated that this increase in the success rate was due to the improved distension and digestion provided by this method. This two-stage APII method with its new enzyme solution may facilitate the future use of porcine islets in clinical xenotransplantation trials.
Mechanism of Catalyzed Alkylation of Isobutane with Olefins (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Catalyzed Alkylation of Isobutane with OlefinsM. H. Gorin, C. S. Kuhn Jr., and C. B. MilesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 8, 795–799Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50440a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50440a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Discovering and visualizing indirect associations between biomedical concepts (2011)

tsuruoka@jaist.ac.jp.
Research of three dimensional laser scanning coordinate measuring machine (2018)

Three dimensional laser scanning coordinate measuring machine is suitable for the measurement of 3D printing products, and its measuring range depends on the three coordinate measuring machine. It is the main 3D printing product measuring instrument [1]. In this paper, the principle of laser scanning three coordinate measuring machine is analyzed. The accuracy and reliability of the calibration system for 3D printing products are verified. According to the newly revised JJF 1064 Calibration specification for coordinate measuring machines [3], it is calibrated.
Adaptive transmission power control in CDMA slotted-ALOHA radio communications (2002)

This paper proposes an adaptive transmission power control method for CDMA slotted-ALOHA systems. This method adaptively controls the target received power at base stations according to the offered channel load and the location of mobile stations. Computer simulation validates the effectiveness of this method: the capture effect can be achieved under heavy channel loads and therefore throughput performances are improved. Detailed evaluations of throughput and transmission delay in the case of perfect and imperfect power control are presented. Calculated results show that the proposed method has superior characteristics and can expand the allowable load area.
Influence of amphipathic peptides on the HIV‐1 production in persistently infected T lymphoma cells (1992)

The effects of several amphipathic peptides on HIV-1 production in persistently infected cells are described. Melittin, a 26 amino acid alpha-helical amphipathic peptide, reduces HIV-1 production dose-dependently, whereas other amphipathic peptides do not. Six melittin derivatives which retain the alpha-helical portion have similar effects as melittin. The reduction of viral infectivity is not due to an effect of melittin on the virus particles but to an intracellular action of the peptide, which is readily taken up into cells, as shown by quantitative ELISA. Western blots of cells from melittin-treated cultures suggest that the processing of the gag/pol precursor is impaired.
A relation merging technique for relational databases (2003)

A merging technique for relational schemas consisting of relation-schemes, key dependencies, referential integrity constraints, and null constraints is presented. The author examines the conditions required for using this technique with relational database management systems that provide different mechanisms for maintaining null and referential integrity constraints. For relational schemas developed using an extended entity-relationship (EER) oriented design methodology, it is shown that a relation-scheme can be used for representing multiple object-sets not only for the standard binary many-to-one relationship-set structure, but for more complex structures as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural and mechanical characterization of fluorinated amorphous-carbon films deposited by plasma decomposition of CF4–CH4 gas mixtures (2000)

Fluorinated amorphous-carbon films (a-C:F:H) were deposited by low-power rf capacitively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition using CH4–CF4 gas mixtures. Different series of films were deposited, changing one parameter at a time: the CF4 partial pressure from 0% to 100%, the self-bias voltage from −50 to −700 V, and the total deposition pressure from 5 to 15 Pa. The composition was determined by ion-beam analysis (IBA): Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, elastic recoil detection analysis, and nuclear reaction analysis. The atomic density of the films was evaluated by combining the IBA results with the thickness value measured by stylus profilometry. Film structure was investigated by infrared transmission and Raman scattering spectroscopies. The internal stress and Vickers hardness were also measured. For a fixed self-bias, the increase of the CF4 partial pressure leads to a higher fluorine incorporation and the decrease of both hardness and internal stress. The film microstructure changes from diamond-like to a polymer-like structure. The fluorine incorporation also increases with the self-bias, and fluorine-poor polymer-like films are deposited at low-bias voltage. Fluorine incorporation occurs at the expense of the hydrogen content in both cases, i.e., increasing the CF4 partial pressure or the self-bias. Finally, the role of ion bombardment during film growth on the mechanical and structure properties of the films is discussed.
Decoding darkness: the search for the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease (2001)

Working from the intriguing hypothesis that Alzheimer's dementia is the result of a renegade protein-beta amyloid-Tanzi and others set out to find the gene responsible for its production. Decoding Darkness takes us deep into the minds and far-flung labs of many a prominent researcher, offering an intimate view of the high stakes of molecular genetics, the revolution that propels it, the obstacles that threaten to derail it, and the families whose lives are so dependent upon it. Tanzi and Parson ultimately reveal that Alzheimer's, like heart disease, may be effectively treated-even prevented.
Heparin‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles for Liver‐Specific CT Imaging (2009)

Gold nanoprobe: Heparin–DOPA-coated gold nanoparticles (HEPA–AuNPs) showed low toxicity, prolonged stability, and an enhanced X-ray absorption coefficient in vitro. In vivo microCT images showed that HEPA–AuNPs produced enhanced liver-specific CT images compared with iodine-based contrast agents, thus highlighting its potential as a novel, liver-specific CT imaging agent (see figure).
Isolation and Identification of Phyllodulcin and Skimmin from the Cultured Cells of Amacha (<i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i>Seringe var. Thunbergii Makino) (1977)

Journal Article Isolation and Identification of Phyllodulcin and Skimmin from the Cultured Cells of Amacha (Hydrangea macrophylla Seringe var. Thunbergii Makino) Get access Hirozi Suzuki, Hirozi Suzuki Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, Umegaoka 6–2, Midori-kut, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tsutomu Ikeda, Tsutomu Ikeda Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, Umegaoka 6–2, Midori-kut, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takashi Matsumoto, Takashi Matsumoto Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, Umegaoka 6–2, Midori-kut, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Noguchi Masao Noguchi Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, Umegaoka 6–2, Midori-kut, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 4, 1 April 1977, Pages 719–720, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862572 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 10 January 1977 Published: 01 April 1977
CO<sub>2</sub>‐blown nanocellular foams (2014)

ABSTRACT Polymeric nanocellular foams are broadly defined as having cell size below one micron. However, it is only when cell size reaches 100 nm or less that unique thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, optical, or mechanical properties are expected due to gas confinement in the cells or polymer confinement in the cell walls. Producing such materials with low density by physical foaming with CO 2 requires the controlled nucleation and growth of 10 15 −10 16 cells/cm 3 . This is a formidable challenge that necessitates new foaming strategies. This review provides a description of processes, conditions, and polymer systems that have been employed over the past 15 years to achieve increasingly higher cell densities and expansion ratio, culminating with the recent development of low density nanofoams and of nanostructured polymers in which nucleation can be precisely controlled. Remaining barriers to scale‐up are summarized. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 41293.