gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary field tests on the use of<i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>for the control of<i>Nasutitermes exitiosus</i>(Hill) (Isoptera: Termitidae) (1983)

Abstract The insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae caused heavy mortality in laboratory groups of the Australian termite Nasutitermes exitiosus (Hill) to which infected workers had been added. Conidia of M. anisopliae started an epizootic when introduced into field colonies of N. exitiosus near Canberra, irrespective of whether the termites were treated by dusting or spraying in the mound itself, or dusting in nearby feeding sites. In some cases, the disease persisted for at least 15 weeks, and by this time few healthy termites could be found in almost half the treated colonies. Samples of workers taken from treated colonies showed high levels of contamination by Metarhizium , irrespective of the state of the colony, but the factors that inhibited the completion of fungal development in the nest are unknown.
Deep Learning-Based Sinogram Completion for Low-Dose CT (2018)

Patient radiation dose associated with X-ray CT is a significant concern in the medical community. One of the ways to reduce patient dose is to acquire projection data at fewer angles. Using conventional reconstruction methods with such sparsely sampled data introduces severe streaking artifacts in the reconstructions, that reduces their diagnostic utility. Conventional methods in this domain have focused on postprocessing the artifact-filled images or the use of model-based inversion techniques with image-domain priors. In this work, we examine the potential of a deep-learning-based method to construct a mapping from the observed, sparsely sampled, CT projection data to a set of densely sampled projection estimates directly in the original projection domain. We cast the problem as one of sinogram in-painting and focus on completing the projection data prior to reconstructing the images. As compared to existing work, we focus on “correcting” the data rather than the subsequent images and avoid costly iterative tomographic inversion. Our initial results on a simulated dataset demonstrate the potential effectiveness of this new approach in suppressing artifacts.
A Transmembrane Domain and GxxxG Motifs within L2 Are Essential for Papillomavirus Infection (2012)

During cellular invasion, human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) must transfer its viral genome (vDNA) across the endosomal membrane prior to its accumulation at nuclear PML bodies for the establishment of infection. After cellular uptake, the capsid likely undergoes pH-dependent disassembly within the endo-/lysosomal compartment, thereby exposing hidden domains in L2 that facilitate membrane penetration of L2/vDNA complexes. In an effort to identify regions of L2 that might physically interact with membranes, we have subjected the L2 sequence to multiple transmembrane (TM) domain prediction algorithms. Here, we describe a conserved TM domain within L2 (residues 45 to 67) and investigate its role in HPV16 infection. In vitro, the predicted TM domain adopts an alpha-helical structure in lipid environments and can function as a real TM domain, although not as efficiently as the bona fide TM domain of PDGFR. An L2 double point mutant renders the TM domain nonfunctional and blocks HPV16 infection by preventing endosomal translocation of vDNA. The TM domain contains three highly conserved GxxxG motifs. These motifs can facilitate homotypic and heterotypic interactions between TM helices, activities that may be important for vDNA translocation. Disruption of some of these GxxxG motifs resulted in noninfectious viruses, indicating a critical role in infection. Using a ToxR-based homo-oligomerization assay, we show a propensity for this TM domain to self-associate in a GxxxG-dependent manner. These data suggest an important role for the self-associating L2 TM domain and the conserved GxxxG motifs in the transfer of vDNA across the endo-/lysosomal membrane.
Use of Fenton's Reagent as a Disinfectant (2009)

Abstract Several compositions of Fenton's Reagent and hydrogen peroxide alone were used to disinfect combined sewage samples from a wastewater treatment facility. The presettled samples contained suspended solids (SS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at concentrations of 28 and 290 mg/L, respectively. Disinfection with Fenton's Reagent was carried out at a pH between 5.90 and 6.0 and at a temperature of 25°C. All disinfected samples contained residual oxidants. Under all reaction conditions studied, complete inactivation of E. coli was achieved within one minute of the addition of Fenton's Reagent. Disinfection with hydrogen peroxide alone under similar conditions is incomplete even under much longer contact times. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cold Cathode Fluorescence Light with Amorphous Diamond Coated Electrodes (2006)

Amorphous diamond is the only material that can emit electrons in vacuum when applied with an electrical field of only a few volts per micron and such current can increase hundreds or millions times when heated to only a few hundreds degrees centigrade. This miracle is due to amorphous diamond’s extreme atomic structure, with the highest atomic density and the largest configurational entropy. Amorphous diamond is made of carbon atoms with electrical resistivity that ranges from graphitic conductor to diamond-like insulator. But unlike ordinary composite materials that contain domains of relatively uniform material (e.g. metal and ceramic), each carbon atom in the amorphous diamond is unique in electronic bonding and energy state. In fact, amorphous diamond can be viewed as a self doped variable conductor. In comparison, semiconductors are chemically doped crystalline material. The numerous energy states in amorphous diamond can allow electrons to possess discrete energies so the inputted energy can be absorbed with a wide spectrum. Hence, even with the thermal energy may be absorbed to increase the energy of electrons. As a result, amorphous diamond can be a thermal generator, such as that for a solar cell. In this case, the energy conversion can have much higher efficiency (e.g. 50%) than that (e.g. 15%) of silicon based solar cells that can absorb only a narrow spectrum of sun light. As a solar cell, amorphous diamond has another advantage that its radiation hardness is the highest of all materials, hence, its thermal electricity efficiency will not attenuate as does the photo electrical semiconductor based solar cells. An immediate application of amorphous diamond is to coat it on electron emitting electrodes, such as that used as cold cathode fluorescence lamps (CCFL) that illuminate liquid crystal displays (LCD), such is that used on note books and television sets. Amorphous diamond can dramatically reduce the voltage used to lit CCFL so the lamp life can be greatly extended. Moreover, the electrical current can be simultaneously increased to enhance the brightness of the light.
Learning features from vibration signals for induction motor fault diagnosis (2016)

Aiming at automated and intelligent state monitoring of induction motors, which are an integral component of a broad spectrum of manufacturing machines, this paper presents a Deep Belief Network (DBN)-based approach to automatically extract relevant features from vibration signals that characterize the working condition of an induction motor. The DBN model employs a structure with stacked restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), and is trained by an efficient learning algorithm called greedy layer-wise training. Vibration signals are used as the input to the DBN, and the outputs from activation functions of the trained network are the features needed for fault diagnosis. Comparing to traditional feature extraction methods for induction motor fault diagnosis such as wavelet packet transform, the proposed method is able to learn features directly from the vibration signal to achieve comparable performance with high classification accuracy. Experiments conducted on a machine fault simulator have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method for induction motor fault diagnosis.
A new fabrication process for ultra-thick microfluidic microstructures utilizing SU-8 photoresist (2002)

In this paper we describe a new process for fabricating ultra-thick microfluidic devices utilizing SU-8 50 negative photoresist (PR) by standard UV lithography. Instead of using a conventional spin coater, a simple 'constant-volume-injection' method is used to create a thick SU-8 PR film up to 1.5 mm with a single coating. The SU-8 PR is self-planarized during the modified soft-baking process and forms a highly-uniform surface without any edge bead effect, which commonly occurs while using a spin coater. Photomasks can be in close contact with the PR and a better lithographic image can be generated. Experimental data show that the average thickness is 494.32 ± 17.13 μm for a 500 μm thick film (n = 7) and the uniformity is less than 3.1% over a 10 × 10 cm2 area. In this study, the temperatures for the soft-baking process and post-exposure baking are 120 °C and 60 °C, respectively. These proved to be capable of reducing the processing time and of obtaining a better pattern definition of the SU-8 structures. We also report on an innovative photomask design for fabricating ultra-deep trenches, which prevents the structures from cracking and distorting during developing and hard-baking processes. In this paper, two microfluidic structures have been demonstrated using the developed novel methods, including a micronozzle for thruster applications and a microfluidic device with micropost arrays for bioanalytical applications.
A Galactose Biosensor Based on the Microfabricated Thin Film Electrode (2003)

Abstract An amperometric biosensor for the galactose measurement was developed by immobilizing galactose oxidase (GAO) on a Nafion-modified thin film platinum electrode. The working electrode with a disk shape and the surrounding ring shaped counter electrode were both fabricated by the thin film technology. They were integrated onto the same microchip. The effects of pH, buffer compositions, and temperature on the biosensor response were investigated. The optimum pH range for the sensor was located between 7.2 to 7.8, and the linear response range was from 0.10 mM to 8.0 mM. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant value was 29.1 mM. It was observed that some possible interferences from the ascorbic acid, uric acid, sucrose, and glucose were reduced due to the permselectivity of Nafion film. A stable performance of more than one month has been demonstrated on this biosensor.
A Loop-Structured Switching Network (1984)

This paper describes a novel loop-structured switching network (LSSN) intended for highly parallel processing architectures. With L loops, it can connect up to N = L* log2 L pairs of transmitting and receiving devices using only N/2 two-by-two switching elements; thus, it is very cost-effective in terms of its component count. Its topology resembles that of the indirect binary n-cube network, but a much higher device-to-switch ratio is achieved because all the links between the switches could be used as both transmitting and receiving stations. It has the advantage of incremental extensibility, and-it could avoid store-and-forward deadlocks (SFD) which prevail in other recirculating packet-switched networks. Our simulation studies show that the average throughput rate and delay of LSSN are close to that of other designs despite its relatively low component count.
Engineering biomass into formaldehyde‐free phenolic resin for composite materials (2014)

The use of formaldehyde to prepare phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the primary challenges for the world‐wide PF industry with respect to both sustainability and human health. This study reports a novel one‐pot synthesis process for phenol‐5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin as a formaldehyde‐free phenolic resin using phenol and glucose, and the curing of the phenolic resin with a green curing agent organosolv lignin (OL) or Kraft lignin (KL). Evidenced by 13 C NMR, the curing mechanism involves alkylation reaction between the hydoxyalkyl groups of lignin and the ortho‐ and para‐carbon of PHMF phenolic hydroxyl group. The curing kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the kinetic parameters were obtained. The OL/KL cured PHMF resins were tested in terms of thermal stability, and mechanical properties for their applications in fiberglass reinforced composite materials. The results obtained demonstrated that OL/KL can be promising curing agents for the PHMF resins. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 1275–1283, 2015
Non-covalent side-chain polymers: design principles, functionalization strategies, and perspectives (2005)

Side-chain functionalized polymers have a profound impact on complex materials synthesis with a variety of applications ranging from liquid crystalline and electro-optical materials to drug delivery systems. In the last decade, the use of self-assembly towards the synthesis of side-chain functionalized polymers has been investigated extensively as a result of its modular character and ease of synthesis. This tutorial review describes recent advances in the literature and establishes basic design principles and synthetic approaches towards the fabrication of supramolecular materials that are based on side-chain functionalized polymers.
Dark current suppression in type II InAs∕GaSb superlattice long wavelength infrared photodiodes with M-structure barrier (2007)

We presented an alternative design of type II superlattice photodiodes with the insertion of a mid-wavelength infrared M-structure AlSb∕GaSb∕InAs∕GaSb∕AlSb superlattice for the reduction of dark current. The M-structure superlattice has a larger carrier effective mass and a greater band discontinuity as compared to the standard type II superlattices at the valence band. It acts as an effective medium that weakens the diffusion and tunneling transport at the depletion region. As a result, a 10.5μm cutoff type II superlattice with 500nm M-superlattice barrier exhibited a R0A of 200Ωcm2 at 77K, approximately one order of magnitude higher than the design without the barrier. The quantum efficiency of such structures does not show dependence on either barrier thickness or applied bias.
High pressure H <sub>2</sub> loading as a technique for achieving ultrahigh UV photosensitivity and thermal sensitivity in GeO <sub>2</sub> doped optical fibres (1993)

High pressure ‘hydrogen loading’ has been used to sensitise standard singlemode fibres, resulting in the largest reported UV induced index changes for low GeO2 fibres. Grating bandwidths of 4 nm and peak Δns of 5.9 × 10−3 have been reproducibly achieved. Substantial index changes have also been achieved by rapidly heating H2 loaded fibres of various compositions.
Effect of neuropeptide Y on ingestive behaviors in the rat (1987)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent stimulator of food and water intake in rats. NPY still increases food intake even after a 2-h delay in access to food after central injection. When two injections of NPY are given 2 h apart, the second injection produced a substantial increase in food intake. This suggests that tolerance to the NPY effect does not develop after a single injection of NPY. NPY increases moving and exploration in the absence of food when rats are in their home environment but not when tested in a novel environment. Following administration of NPY, rats preferred a high-carbohydrate diet over a high-fat or high-protein diet. Microinjections of NPY showed that active sites included the anterior ventromedial nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the posterior lateral hypothalamus. NPY was neither additive nor synergistic when coadministered with norepinephrine. Whereas norepinephrine-induced feeding was inhibited by adrenalectomy and vagotomy, these maneuvers had no effect on NPY-induced food intake. This provides further evidence that NPY does not exert its effects on food intake through an alpha-adrenergic mechanism. The effects of NPY on food intake were attenuated by peripherally administered bombesin and centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor and calcitonin. Cholecystokinin failed to inhibit NPY-induced feeding. NPY did not alter circulating glucose levels. These studies provide further insights into the role of NPY as a stimulator of ingestive behaviors.
Combining Error Masking and Error Detection Plus Recovery to Combat Soft Errors in Static CMOS Circuits (2005)

Soft errors are changes in logic state of a circuit/system resulting from the latching of single-event transients (transient voltage fluctuations at a logic node or SETs) caused by high-energy particle strikes or electrical noise. Due to technology scaling and reduced supply voltages, they are expected to increase by several orders of magnitude in logic circuits. In this work, we present a very efficient and systematic approach to cope with soft errors in combinational and sequential logic circuits. The features and merits of our approach are: (1) use of error masking in non-critical paths along with error detection and recovery in critical paths, which substantially lowers overhead for error correction; (2) average 93% soft-error rate (SER) reduction as SETs of width approximately half the clock period time can be tolerated; (3) area and power overheads can be traded-off with SER reduction based on application requirements. We also present two additional techniques to more aggressively utilize slack in circuits and further improve SER reduction by: (1) exploiting circuit delay dependence on input vectors and (2) redistributing slack in pipelined circuits.
A novel low-component-count single-element-controlled sinusoidal oscillator using the CFOA pole (1996)

A novel sinusoidal oscillator circuit using the current-feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) is presented. The circuit uses one CFOA and four passive elements only and enjoys independent control of the frequency of oscillation and the condition of oscillation. Experimental results are included.
Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: lipid and physiological consequences (2007)

The metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are insulin-resistant states which are commonly associated with an atherogenic dyslipidaemia involving mild to moderately elevated triglycerides, a preponderance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, there is a spectrum of qualitative changes in the lipoprotein profile, particularly in the functional capacity of HDL to facilitate cellular cholesterol efflux and to protect LDL against oxidative modification. Together, these quantitative and qualitative anomalies promote elevated oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which drive the development of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that this dyslipidaemic profile may play a critical role in the development and progression of diabetic microvascular disease. An integrated therapeutic approach to correct both the quantitative and qualitative changes characteristic of diabetic dyslipidaemia clearly constitutes a priority for reduction of both macrovascular and microvascular risk.
Native-oxide stripe-geometry Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As-GaAs quantum well heterostructure lasers (1991)

Data are presented on the room-temperature continuous (cw) operation of native-oxide single-stripe AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum well heterostructure (QWH) lasers. The device quality native oxide is produced by the conversion of high Al composition AlxGa1−xAs (x∼0.8) confining layers via H2O vapor oxidation (400 °C) in a N2 carrier gas. The 10-μm-wide cw 300 K QWH lasers, which are fabricated by simplified processing, have excellent spectral quality and have been operated to powers in excess of 100 mW per facet.
Integrated TCP/IP protocol software testing for vulnerability detection (2004)

Many security holes stem from the defects in network protocol implementations. This paper presents an industry best practice of integrated TCP/IP network protocol testing that targets software robustness vulnerabilities. The deployed test system consists of a versatile test engine, a protocol data unit generator and a few auxiliary tools. The specially designed kernel test engine supporting IP/TCP/UDP as carrier protocols drives predefined fault-injected PDU (protocol data unit) to the network unit under test. Its novel callback mechanism and virtual network device connection capability cost-effectively enhance user controlled testing intelligence for verifying protocols with complicated state transitions. The PDU generator aims to provide a systematic solution for rapid test case creation, which is based on new strengthened BNF (Backus-Naur form) language for protocol specification mutation and fault injection. Established on this system, we propose an integrated industry test environment for network protocol code assessment. Initial experiments and case studies with multicast protocols unveiled several robustness violations, which have significant security impacts.
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquitylates Aurora-A (2011)

The cullin-RING family of ubiquitin ligases regulates diverse cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, via ubiquitylation of specific substrates. CUL3 targets its substrates through BTB proteins. Here we show that depletion of CUL3 and the BTB protein KLHL18 causes a delay in mitotic entry. Centrosomal activation of Aurora-A, a kinase whose activity is required for entry into mitosis, is also delayed in depleted cells. Moreover, we identify Aurora-A as a KLHL18-interacting partner. Overexpression of KLHL18 and CUL3 promotes Aurora-A ubiquitylation in vivo, and the CUL3-KLHL18-ROC1 ligase ubiquitylates Aurora-A in vitro. Our study reveals that the CUL3-KLHL18 ligase is required for timely entry into mitosis, as well as for the activation of Aurora-A at centrosomes. We propose that the CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry through an Aurora-A-dependent pathway.
Exquisite sensitivity of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis to carbamazepine (1996)

Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) is a clinical entity whose etiology and susceptibility to treatment with anticonvulsants remains poorly understood. Kertesz [1] introduced the term PKC to describe individuals with repeated brief paroxysms of dystonic, tonic, or choreoathetotic movements that were precipitated by sudden movements or by stressful or exciting states. These patients differ from those with symptomatic paroxysmal choreoathetosis, paroxysmal dystonia, paroxysmal dystonia of pregnancy, and familial frontal epilepsy. Attacks of PKC respond to antiepileptic agents. We report seven patients with familial or sporadic PKC who were exquisitely sensitive to very low doses and levels of carbamazapine Table 1. These doses and levels were much lower than what is required for seizure control in most individuals.



View this table:

Table 1. Clinical findings in seven patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis



### Case report.

At age 10, this 16-year-old right-handed girl began experiencing episodes of an unwell feeling followed by largeamplitude writhing movements of the left …
Motion vector processing for frame rate up conversion (2004)

In this paper, the effect of motion vector accuracy on the efficiency of motion compensated frame rate up conversion (MC-FRUC) is studied. The motion vector processing problem is formulated and analyzed via motion vector modelling. A processing scheme is proposed to improve the interpolated frame quality at the decoder. The practical application of integrating the motion vector processing algorithm in a standard H.263 decoder for MC-FRUC is also discussed. Experimental results show that a 0.4-0.6 dB gain in the H.263 codec, and a 0.5-2 dB gain in off-line frame rate conversion can be obtained by the proposed algorithm.