gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of monocyte 85-kDa phospholipase A2 by antisense and effects on endotoxin-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis (1994)

Studies were conducted to characterize a human monocyte model where the role of the 85-kDa phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in prostanoid formation could be evaluated. The presence of an immunologically related 85-kDa PLA2 and type II 14-kDa PLA2 was demonstrated in human monocytes and their roles examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced monocyte prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. Exposure of human monocytes to LPS over 18 h resulted in the up-regulation of the mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase-2 and was accompanied by production and release of prostaglandin E2 but not leukotriene C4. This coincided with a 2-fold increase in the 85-kDa PLA2 protein and activity levels. In contrast, there was no effect on the type II 14-kDa-like PLA2 activity measured in the 100,000 x g particulate fraction nor did LPS induce the release of type II 14-kDa PLA2 into the medium. Treatment with cycloheximide over 18 h resulted in a time-dependent decrease in cytosolic 85-kDa PLA2 protein and activity (half-life = 4 h), but there was no change in the particulate type II 14-kDa-like PLA2 activity. Monocytes were therefore exposed to an 85-kDa PLA2 initiation site-directed antisense oligonucleotide which specifically decreased the cytosolic 85-kDa PLA2 protein levels and activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This had no effect on the cyclooxygenase-2 (protein mass or the ability to convert arachidonic acid to PGE2) or the particulate fraction sn-2 acylhydrolytic activity but was associated with a decrease in LPS-induced PGE2 production. Taken together, these data support a role for the cytosolic 85-kDa PLA2 in LPS-induced monocyte PGE2 formation.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of optically trapped functional erythrocytes (2004)

We introduce a novel setup combining a micro-Raman spectrometer with external optical tweezers, suitable for resonance Raman studies of single functional trapped cells. The system differs from earlier setups in that two separate laser beams used for trapping and Raman excitation are combined in a double-microscope configuration. This has the advantage that the wavelength and power of the trapping and probe beam can be adjusted individually to optimize the functionality of the setup and to enable the recording of resonance Raman profiles from a single trapped cell. Trapping is achieved by tightly focusing infrared (IR) diode laser radiation (830 nm) through an inverted oil-immersion objective, and resonance Raman scattering is excited by the lines of an argon:krypton ion laser. The functionality of the system is demonstrated by measurements of trapped single functional erythrocytes using different excitation lines (488.0, 514.5, and 568.2 nm) in resonance with the heme moiety and by studying spectral evolution during illumination. We found that great care has to be taken in order to avoid photodamage caused by the visible Raman excitation, whereas the IR trapping irradiation does not seem to harm the cells or alter the hemoglobin Raman spectra. Stronger photodamage is induced by Raman excitation using 488.0- and 514.5-nm irradiation, compared with excitation with the 568.2-nm line.
In Situ Assembly and Screening of Enzyme Inhibitors with Surface‐Tension Microarrays (2009)

Hunderte von Reaktionen wurden bei einer neuartigen Synthese im Submikroliter-Maßstab parallel in Tropfen durchgeführt, die durch differenzielle Oberflächenspannung auf einem Glasträger gehalten wurden. Dieser „Oberflächenspannungs-Mikroarray“ wurde genutzt, um Tausende von Phenylboronsäurederivaten aufzubauen und gegen die NS3/4A-Protease des Hepatitis-C-Virus zu testen. Mehrere hochwirksame Inhibitoren des Enzyms wurden identifiziert.
An Embedded Packet Train and Adaptive FEC Scheme for VoIP Over Wired/Wireless Ip Networks (2006)

Voice over IP (VoIP) has become the fastest growing wireless alternative to conventional telephony service by way of ongoing deployment of WLAN hotspots and even powerful WiMAX coverage. Resulting from the wired/wireless combined best-effort based heterogeneous IP networks which provide more fluctuation in available bandwidth and end-to-end delay, the performance of VoIP quality, especially using the handheld wireless devices, has been greatly degraded due to frequent packet loss and longer delays. This paper proposes a real-time embedded packet train probing scheme for estimating end-to-end available bandwidth so as to accomplish effective congestion control. By trading acceptable delays with adaptive packetization of voice bitstreams, as well as adaptive insertion of forward error correction (FEC) packets, an optimized system driven QoS approach for VoIP can thus be achieved.
Microstructure and temperature coefficient of resistance of thin cermet resistor films deposited from CrSi2–Cr–SiC targets by S-gun magnetron (2009)

Technological solutions for producing nanoscale cermet resistor films with sheet resistances above 1000Ω∕◻ and low temperature coefficients of resistance (TCR) have been investigated. 2–40nm thick cermet films were sputter deposited from CrSi2–Cr–SiC targets by a dual cathode dc S-gun magnetron. In addition to studying film resistance versus temperature, the nanofilm structural features and composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. This study has revealed that all cermet resistor films deposited at ambient and elevated temperatures were amorphous. The atomic ratio of Si to Cr in these films was about 2 to 1. The film TCR displayed a significant increase when the deposited film thickness was reduced below 2.5nm. An optimized sputter process consisting of wafer degassing, cermet film deposition at elevated temperature with rf substrate bias, and a double annealing in vacuum, consisting of in situ annealing following the film sputtering and an additional annealing following the exposure of the wafers to air, has been found to be very effective for the film thermal stabilization and for fine tuning the film TCR. Cermet films with thicknesses in the range of 2.5–4nm deposited using this technique had sheet resistances ranging from 1800to1200Ω∕◻ and TCR values from −50ppm∕°C to near zero, respectively. A possible mechanism responsible for the high efficiency of annealing the cermet films in vacuum (after preliminary exposure to air), resulting in resistance stabilization and TCR reduction, is also discussed.
Step change of counterion – a new option in capillary zone electrophoresis (1989)

In contrast to common capillary zone electrophoresis, with a constant composition of the background electrolyte, a new method is described, based on a change of the ionic matrix composition during the migration of the sample components. The proposed method expands the scale of pK's of analyzed compounds in a single run and affords new potential for optimizing the separation. The step change of the ionic matrix composition was achieved by displacing the primary matrix by the modified ionic matrix (electrolyte) which migrated against the movement of the sample components. The separation thus proceeded in the primary ionic matrix (electrolyte) while the detection was performed in the modified matrix with resultant shortening of the analysis time and convenient quantitation. A model mixture of five compounds, with a difference of four units in pK could be well resolved.
Corrosion Detection on Underground Gas Pipeline by Magnetically Assisted AC Impedance (1990)

Abstract Corrosion monitoring of buried gas pipeline by magnetic electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (MEIS) is reported. Field tests conducted on in-service gas transmission pipelines in the Washington and Baltimore metropolitan are presented for cathodic protection current (CP) mapping, a.c. impedance of a pipeline segment containing holiday and stray current mapping.
Injectable polyurethane composite scaffolds delay wound contraction and support cellular infiltration and remodeling in rat excisional wounds (2011)

Injectable scaffolds present compelling opportunities for wound repair and regeneration because of their ability to fill irregularly shaped defects and deliver biologics such as growth factors. In this study, we investigated the properties of injectable polyurethane (PUR) biocomposite scaffolds and their application in cutaneous wound repair using a rat excisional model. The scaffolds have a minimal reaction exotherm and clinically relevant working and setting times. Moreover, the biocomposites have mechanical and thermal properties consistent with rubbery elastomers. In the rat excisional wound model, injection of settable biocomposite scaffolds stented the wounds at early time points, resulting in a regenerative rather than a scarring phenotype at later time points. Measurements of wound length and thickness revealed that the treated wounds were less contracted at day 7 compared to blank wounds. Analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible and supported tissue ingrowth. Myofibroblast formation and collagen fiber organization provided evidence that the scaffolds have a positive effect on extracellular matrix remodeling by disrupting the formation of an aligned matrix under elevated tension. In summary, we have developed an injectable biodegradable PUR biocomposite scaffold that enhances cutaneous wound healing in a rat model.
Rational Construction of an Extrinsic Porous Molecular Crystal with an Extraordinary High Specific Surface Area (2012)

Small molecule, large surface area: A rigid triptycene derivative self-assembles by hydrogen bonds to a porous crystal with one-dimensional channels of about 14 Å diameter. Solvents in the channels can be removed to generate an extrinsic porous material with a specific BET surface area of 2796 m2 g−1. Furthermore, gases can be selectively adsorbed within the pores at 1 bar. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Drug transporters in the human blood‐placental barrier (2009)

Studies on the increasing number of transporters found in the placental barrier are gaining momentum, because of their tissue-specific expression, significance in physiology and disease, and the possible utilization of the emerging knowledge in pharmacology. In the placenta, both syncytiotrophoblast and fetal capillary endothelium express transporters. Fetal exposure is determined by the net effect of combination of transporters, their nature and localization in relation to placental cells and their substrate specificity. Although the significance of placental transporters on human fetal drug exposure is almost an unstudied field so far, their potential use to design drugs that do not cross the placenta is already being pursued. It is thus of interest to review the existing knowledge of human placental transporters. Transporters in all groups which take part in drug transport are found in human placenta. Especially, ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein and ABCC2/MRP2 are all expressed at the apical surface of syncytiotrophoblast facing maternal blood and are putatively important protective proteins both for placental tissue and the fetus, because they are efflux transporters and their substrates include many drugs and also environmental chemicals. Such protective effect has been shown in animals, but these results cannot be directly extrapolated to humans due to interspecies differences in placental structure and function. Experimental models utilizing human placental tissue, especially human placental perfusion, offer valuable possibilities, which have been insufficiently studied so far.
Only Snake Curaremimetic Toxins with a Fifth Disulfide Bond Have High Affinity for the Neuronal α7 Nicotinic Receptor (1997)

Long chain and short chain curaremimetic toxins from snakes possess 66-74 residues with five disulfide bonds and 60-62 residues with four disulfide bonds, respectively. Despite their structural differences all of these toxins bind with high affinity to the peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR). Binding experiments have now revealed that long chain toxins only, like the neuronal kappa-bungarotoxin, have a high affinity for a chimeric form of the neuronal alpha7 receptor, with Kd values ranging from about 1 to 12 nM. In contrast, all other toxins bind to the chimeric alpha7 receptor with a low affinity, with Kd values ranging between 3 and 22 microM. These results are supported by electrophysiological recordings on both the wild-type and chimeric alpha7 receptors. Amino acid sequence analyses have suggested that high affinities for the neuronal receptor are associated with the presence of the fifth disulfide at the tip of the toxin second loop. In agreement with this conclusion, we show that a long chain toxin whose fifth disulfide is reduced and then dithiopyridylated has a low affinity (Kd = 12 microM) for the neuronal alpha7 receptor, whereas it retains a high affinity (Kd = 0.35 nM) for the peripheral AChR. Thus, a long chain curaremimetic toxin having a reduced fifth disulfide bond behaves like a short chain toxin toward both the peripheral and neuronal AChR. Therefore, functional classification of toxins that bind to AChRs should probably be done by considering their activities on both peripheral and neuronal receptors.
A new implementation of constant-g/sub m/ op amp input stage for CMOS low voltage applications (2002)

In this paper we propose a new implementation method for the design of op amp input stage with rail-to-rail constant-g/sub m/. The new implementation is based on processing signal currents rather than handling DC tail currents. As a result, it is universal in that the constant-g/sub m/ can be obtained independent of input transistor types (MOS or bipolar) and their operating regions (weak or strong inversion for MOS and active for bipolar). To demonstrate the idea, a new MOS-type input stage has been designed with a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS process and simulation results of input stage transconductance are provided. The common mode input voltage can even exceed the positive and the negative rails by 300 mV.
Vision for ground vehicles: history and prospects (2002)

A review on the last two decades of development of vision for ground vehicles is given. The line of development for road vehicles based on digital microprocessors dates back to the early 1980s. The European EUREKA-project "Prometheus" brought about a boost in efforts in this field with demonstrations in public traffic in 1994 (Autoroute A1 near Paris). Progress has been and will be governed in the near future by the increase in microprocessor performance by about one order of magnitude every 4–5 years. All basic perception and action tasks for driving have been demonstrated to be performable autonomously. First products are being introduced into the market right now. On the research frontier, a first highly integrated dynamic vision system has become operational recently and is discussed as reference for future developments (Expectation-based, Multi-focal, Saccadic (EMS) Vision). Initially, assistance systems will dominate for accumulating experience while the human operator carries all responsibility. In the long run, phases of fully autonomous driving may become affordable after clarification of the legal implications. The driver will have a choice to make use of these capabilities; manual driving is likely to remain an option for enjoying own skills. However, the autonomous system may intervene in order to prevent clearly dangerous situations.
A mitochondria-targeted turn-on fluorescent probe based on a rhodol platform for the detection of copper(<scp>i</scp>) (2014)

A new spirocyclized rhodol-based fluorescent probe has been developed for detecting mitochondrial Cu(+). Alkylation of the hydroxy group of a xanthene moiety with a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-based ligand induced the formation of a non-fluorescent spirocyclic structure. The reaction with Cu(+) in the presence of submillimolar concentrations of glutathione at physiological pH resulted in the elimination of the ligand together with an increase in the fluorescence of the rhodol fluorophore. This probe was used to visualize mitochondrial Cu(+) in copper supplemented cells.
Ion assisted growth and characterization of polycrystalline silicon and silicon-germanium films (1998)

Polysilicon films have been deposited at a low temperature by single and dual ion beam sputtering. The structural and electrical properties of as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Hall mobility measurements. The films are microcrystalline with average grain size ranging from 200 to 400 Å. The films exposed to a low-energy secondary ion beam during sputtering from a silicon target have exhibited smoother surface topography and different electrical behavior than the films deposited without any secondary ion bombardment. Some preliminary studies on ion beam sputtered SiGe films using a compound target are also presented.
Involvement of Matrin 3 and SFPQ/NONO in the DNA damage response (2010)

The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signaling network that is induced by DNA lesions and vigorously activated by double strand breaks (DSBs). The DSB response is mobilized by the nuclear protein kinase ATM, which phosphorylates key players in its various branches. SFPQ (PSF) and NONO (p54) are nuclear proteins that interact with each other and have diverse roles in nucleic acids metabolism. The SFPQ/NONO heterodimer was previously found to enhance DNA strand break rejoining in vitro. Our attention was drawn to these two proteins as they interact with the nuclear matrix protein Matrin 3 (MATR3), which we found to be a novel ATM target. We asked whether SFPQ and NONO too are involved in the DSB response. Proteins that function at the early phase of this response are often recruited to the damaged sites. We observed rapid recruitment of SFPQ/NONO to sites of DNA damage induced by laser microbeam. In MATR3 knockdown cells SFPQ/NONO retention at DNA damage sites was prolonged. SFPQ and MATR3 depletion led to abnormal accumulation of cells at the S-phase of the cell cycle following treatment with the radiomimetic chemical neocarzinostatin. Notably, proteins involved in DSB repair via nonhomologous end-joining co-immunoprecipitated with NONO; SFPQ depletion delayed DSB repair. Collectively the data suggest that SFPQ, NONO and MATR3 are involved in the early stage of the DSB response, setting the scene for DSB repair.
Toward real-time human-computer interaction with continuous dynamic hand gestures (2002)

This paper, aiming at real-time gesture-controlled interaction, describes visual modeling, analysis, and recognition of continuous dynamic hand gestures. By hierarchically integrating multiple cues, a spatio-temporal appearance model and novel approaches are proposed for modeling and analysis of dynamic gestures respectively. At low level, fusion of flesh chrominance analysis and coarse image motion detection is employed to detect and segment hand gestures; at high level, parameters of the spatio-temporal appearance model are recovered by combining robust parameterized image motion estimation and hand shape analysis. The approach, therefore, fulfils real-time processing as well as high recognition rates. Without resorting to any special marks, twelve kinds of hand gestures can be recognized with average accuracy over 89%. A prototype system, gesture-controlled panoramic map browser is designed and implemented to demonstrate the usability of gesture-controlled interaction.
Solid-State <sup>13</sup>C NMR Investigations of Cyclophanes: [2.2]Paracyclophane and 1,8-Dioxa[8](2,7)pyrenophane (2012)

Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations are used in order to understand and to better characterize the molecular conformation and properties of [2.2]paracyclophane and 1,8-dioxa[8](2,7)pyrenophane. Both molecules are cyclophanes, consisting of an aromatic ring assembly and a cyclic aliphatic chain connected to both ends of the aromatic portion. The aliphatic chain causes curvature in the six-membered aromatic ring structures. This led us to examine how the ring strain due to curvature affects the chemical shifts. Using X-ray structures of both [2.2]paracyclophane and 1,8-dioxa[8](2,7)pyrenophane as our starting model, we calculate the chemical shielding tensors and compare these data with those collected from the (13)C ssNMR FIREMAT experiment. We define curvature of [2.2]paracyclophane and 1,8-dioxa[8](2,7)pyrenophane using the π-orbital axis vector (POAV) pyramidalization angle (θ(p)).
Del cell line: A “malignant histiocytosis” CD30 + T(5;6)(Q35;P21) cell line (1990)

A new cell line DEL, established in vitro, was isolated from a pleural effusion of a boy who died of malignant histiocytosis. Its principal characteristics are: strong positivity with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CD25, CD30, CD45R, KiM7, EMA, HLA Cl I and II; constant presence of acid phosphatase, ANAE, alpha-anti-trypsin, alpha-anti-chymotrypsin and NBT reductase activity; rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (JH) and a germ-line configuration of the T-chain gene; and finally a translocation between chromosomes 5-6 with a breakpoint in 5q35. The DEL cell line is appropriate for studying the role of the 5q localized c-fms oncogene and of the genes of the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor (CSFI) and of their receptors in the dynamics and etiology of malignant hemopathies associated with a 5q35 breakpoint.
NDE programs at the Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University (1982)

Research and technology transfer programs in the field of nondestructive testing and the interrelationships of these activities at the Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University are discussed. Examples of the research include: measurement of the properties of a dilute distribution of pores in ceramics; the interaction of ultrasonic waves with fatigue cracks; and the development of acoustoelastic techniques for measuring elastic stresses. (LCL)