gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beta activity: a carrier for visual attention (2000)

The alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (15-25 Hz) and gamma (30-60 Hz) bands of the EEG have been long studied clinically because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicate that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evokes synchronous responses at the cortical level with a gain that depends on frequency; oscillations within relevant bands are less damped at subsequent processing levels than others. Our current results show in the cat that cortico-geniculate feedback has a build-in potentiation mechanism that operates at around the beta frequency and activates thalamic cells thus lowering the threshold for visual information transmission. We have also shown that enhanced beta activity is propagated along this feedback pathway solely during attentive visual behavior. This activity consists of 300-1,000 ms bursts that correlate in time with gamma oscillatory events. Beta-bursting activity spreads to all investigated visual centers, including the lateral posterior and pulvinar complex and higher cortical areas. Other supporting data are discussed that are concerned with the enhanced beta activity during attentive-like behavior of various species, including humans. Finally, we put forward a general hypothesis which attributes the appearance of oscillations within the alpha, beta and gamma bands to different activation states of the visual system. According to this hypothesis, alpha activity characterizes idle arousal of the system, while beta bursts shift the system to an attention state that consequently allows for gamma synchronization and perception.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Pharmaceutical Ethics: The Case of Vioxx (2006)

In the pharmaceutical industry, one of the most valuable assets a company has is its reputation.The work we do is a public trust.When you are researching, developing, and manufacturing drugs that people rely on to prevent or treat disease in themselves or their families, you should be expected to maintain the highest standards of ethics and integrity.At Merck, that is the standard to which we hold ourselves. 1
NASA wind shear model: Summary of model analyses (1988)

A summary of an analysis of a wind shear model is presented in the form of vugraphs. Information is given on the Terminal Area Simulation System, two dimensional axisymmetric simulations, precipitation, ambient temperature and humidity profiles over Denver, and the structure of microbursts. It was concluded that the intensity of microbursts depends upon the environment temperature and humidity profile, the diameter of the microburst downdraft, the type of precipitation and the precipitation rate. The depth of the outflow layer depends primarily upon the diameter of the downdraft. Dry microbursts are more likely to be produced by precipitation initially falling as snow.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Supplemental Vitamin E on Attenuation of the Development of Nitrate Tolerance (1997)

These results indicate that the combination therapy with vitamin E is potentially a useful method to prevent the development of nitrate tolerance.
Gas phase electrochemical detection of single latex particles (2003)

In this study we describe zero current potentiometric measurements in a gaseous flame electrolyte, for the detection of single latex particles. Combustion of polystyrene latex particles when added to a premixed hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen flame, results in an increase in charged species relative to the surrounding hydrogen flame. As a consequence of this increase in ionic concentration over background, short-lived potential difference transients were measured between two platinum indicator electrodes placed in a two-compartment flame electrochemical cell (described in Electrochem. Commun., 2001, 3, 675-681). The frequency of the transient events was dependent on the number density of latex particles in solution. It is proposed that each short-lived transient event corresponds to the combustion of single latex particles in a flame. A potential difference maximum of 0.56 V when 3.0 microm diameter particles were added to the flame was measured. Also it was shown that it is possible to detect 0.3 microm diameter latex particles using the same technique. It is postulated that the physical basis of the potential difference is due to the establishment of diffusion/junction potential due to the increase in ionisation from polystyrene combustion at the surface of one indicator electrode. This methodology may be applied to the detection of particulates composed of ionisable species (organic or inorganic) in gaseous environment such as bacteria, viruses, pollen grains and dust.
Polar loop transmitter for GSM/GPRS/EDGE (2005)

An EDGE transmitter using a nonlinear GSM type PA is presented. It is based on a polar loop architecture that employs separate feedback control of the amplitude and the phase of the output signal. With this approach, the problems with AM-to-PM as well as AM-to-AM of the nonlinear PA are essentially eliminated. There is no mode change between GMSK and EDGE, and the transmitter operates seamlessly in multi-slot EGPRS. The polar modulation transmitter meets all the GSM type approval requirements for both EDGE and GMSK in the quad band (850/900/1800/1900 MHz). It is part of an RF subsystem which is in production.
Lewis Acid Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Use of Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivatives and Perfluoroalkylbenzenes as Surfactant Molecules Which Enable Efficient Catalysis in ScCO<sub>2</sub> (2004)

Lewis acid catalysis in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO(2)) was investigated. While solubility of most organic materials is low in scCO(2), poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives or perfluoroalkylbenzenes were found to work as surfactants to dissolve organic materials in scCO(2). In the presence of these molecules, Lewis acid catalyzed organic reactions such as aldol-, Mannich-, and Friedel-Crafts-type reactions proceeded smoothly in scCO(2). Formation of emulsions was observed in these reactions, and the systems were studied in detail.
OXIDATION OF 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE TO 2-METHYL-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF Pd(II)-POLYSTYRENE SULFONIC ACID RESIN (1985)

Abstract The oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene was carried out in acetic acid with aqueous(60%) hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Pd(II)-polystyrene sulfonic acid resin. 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was obtained in a yield of 50 to 60% at 50 °C for 8 h. The catalysts recovered by the filtration were reusable.
Storage time effect on dynamic structure of MgCl2.nEtOH adducts in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts (2014)

Primary MgCl2.3.3EtOH adduct (PCT1) was prepared by melt quenching method and then submitted into a programmed thermal dealcoholation project using a fluidized bed reactor. During thermal dealcoholation program, different MgCl2.nEtOH support samples with n= 3.0, 2.7, 2.4, and 2.1 were selected and named as PCT2 to PCT5, respectively. Structural analysis of the support samples showed a significant increase in the surface area, from 7.4 m2/g to 12.8 m2/g, together with the decrease in peaks height at 2θ≈ 8.9 and 9.7˚ by moving from PCT1 to PCT5. After characterization of support samples, final catalysts were prepared by reacting these samples with TiCl4 and examined in slurry phase propylene polymerization. Prepared catalysts showed similar stereospecifities but different activities in the polymerization experiments, so that, with proceeding dealcoholation from PCT1 to PCT2 catalyst activity was reached a maximum amount of 2.9 kgPP/g Cat.h, and then by further dealcoholation, from PCT2 to PCT5, catalyst activity decreased gradually. In the last section, effect of time interval between thermal dealcoholation and catalyst preparation, which is called storage time, on the crystal and morphological characteristics of the two of the best adduct samples, namely MgCl2.2.4EtOH and MgCl2.3.0EtOH, was studied, as well. Storage time greatly affected the characteristics of the adducts together with resulted catalysts, and the best catalyst activity was achieved for the ones prepared immediately after adduct preparation.
Silicon detector system for high rate EXAFS applications (1995)

A multichannel silicon pad detector for EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) applications has been designed and built. The X-ray spectroscopic measurements demonstrate that an adequate energy resolution of 230 eV FWHM (corresponding to 27 rms electrons in silicon) can be achieved reliably at -35 °C. A resolution of 190 eV FWHM (corresponding to 22 rms electrons) has been obtained from individual pads at -35 °C. At room temperature (25 °C) an average energy resolution of 380 eV FWHM is achieved and a resolution of 350 eV FWHM (41 rms electrons) is the best performance. A simple cooling system constituted of Peltier cells is sufficient to reduce the reverse currents of the pads and their related shot noise contribution, in order to achieve resolutions better than 300 eV FWHM which is adequate for the EXAFS applications.
Integrated Catalytic Process for Conversion of Biomass to Hydrogen (2006)

Catalytic steam and autothermal reforming of glucose, glycerol, and industrial wastewater was evaluated as a basis for the development of a process for the production of hydrogen from renewable feedstocks. A catalyst containing copper, nickel, and palladium was found to be effective under atmospheric pressure within the temperature range of 500−800 °C. The effects of the steam-to-carbon and air-to-fuel ratios on the char formation rates were studied. The problem of char formation was found to be predominant for the relatively high concentrations required for a commercially viable process and used for the feed streams of the pure components. However, two different industrial wastewaters obtained from the potato industry and the brewing industry were partially converted to hydrogen through steam reforming using this Ni/Pd/Cu catalyst, without noticeable char formation. The results obtained during reforming of the wastewater were compared with the results obtained during autothermal reforming of the pure species.
Gear Tooth Stress Measurements of Two Helicopter Planetary Stages (1992)

Abstract Two versions of the planetary reduction stages from U.S. Army OH-58 helicopter main rotor transmissions were tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. One sequential and one nonsequential planetary were tested. Sun gear and ring gear teeth strains were measured, and stresses were calculated from the strains. The alternating stress at the fillet of both the loaded and unloaded sides of the teeth and at the root of the sun gear teeth are reported. Typical stress variations as the gear tooth moves through the mesh are illustrated. At the tooth root location of the thin-rimmed sun gear, a significant stress was produced by a phenomenon other than the passing of a planet gear. The load variation among the planets was studied. Each planet produced its own distinctive load distribution on the ring and sun gears. The load variation was less for a three-planet, nonsequential design as compared to that of a four-planet, sequential design. The results reported enhance the data base for gear stress levels and provide data for the validation of analytical methods.
MHC class II deletion mutant expresses normal levels of transgene encoded class II molecules that have abnormal conformation and impaired antigen presentation ability (1992)

Successive transfers of HLA-DR alpha and beta genes restored expression of HLA-DR antigens to human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, LCL .174, from which all known expressible class II genes are deleted. While transferent cells displayed large amounts of DR on their surfaces, transgene-encoded DR3 molecules lacked a conformation-dependent epitope. DR1-restricted CTL lysis of DR1-expressing transferents pulsed with native influenza virus proteins was greatly reduced; the same cells were efficiently lysed in the presence of CTL-recognized influenza peptides. The properties of DR-expressing transferents of .174 suggest they are defective in producing peptides from exogenous proteins or in forming DR/peptide complexes. Comparison with other DR-expressing deletion mutants indicates that at least one gene in an approximately 230 kb DNA segment between the DQ1 and Ring 7 loci is needed for normal DR-mediated processing and presentation. Production of DR3 molecules having the conformation-dependent 16.23 epitope and efficient DR1-restricted presentation of influenza viral epitopes occurred in a B cell line that has a mutation specifically eliminating expression of the TAP1 transporter gene, which is in the approximately 230 kb interval and is needed for production of HLA class I/peptide complexes.
Enhanced photoluminescence and directional white-light generation by plasmonic array (2018)

White light-emitting diodes (LEDs), light sources that combine blue LEDs and yellow phosphors, are equipped with bulky optics such as lenses, mirrors, and/or reflectors to shape the light into the required directions. The presence of bulky optics causes optical loss and limits the design. Here, a periodic array of metallic nanocylinders, which exhibits a high scattering efficiency owing to the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance, is proposed as an alternative means of achieving a directional output without the limitations of bulky optics. A prototype of a directional light emitter is fabricated consisting of an Al nanocylinder array on a yellow phosphor plate and a blue laser. The array shapes the yellow luminescence into the forward direction and generates directional quasi-white light (correlated color temperature of 4900 K). The intensity enhancement reaches a factor of five in the forward direction and is further improved up to a factor of seven by the deposition of a multilayer dichroic mirror on the back side of the phosphor plate, resulting in conversion efficiencies as high as 90 lm/W. Our results pave the way toward the development of efficient and compact directional white-light-source devices without any bulky optics.
Radiation mechanism of dielectric-rod and Yagi aerials (1970)

In order to give a better insight into the radiation mechanism of dielectric-rod and Yagi aerials the problem of the radiation from the free end of a semi-infinite dielectric rod or Yagi transmission line is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Simple approximate formulas are given for the radiation pattern, the gain, the effective aperture and the beamwidth. Using a digital computer, the field near the free end is calculated and compared with the measured field distribution.
Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis, clinical grading, management and future developments (2012)

Decades of research into the pathophysiology and management of diabetic retinopathy have revolutionized our understanding of the disease process. Diabetic retinopathy is now more accurately defined as a neurovascular rather than a microvascular disease as neurodegenerative disease precedes and coexists with microvascular changes. However, the complexities of the pathways involved in different stages of disease severity continue to remain a challenging issue for drug discovery. Currently, laser photocoagulation is the mainstay of treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but is gradually being superseded for diabetic macular oedema. However, it is destructive and at best results in a gradual but modest improvement in vision in the long term. So, diabetic retinopathy remains the most prevalent cause of visual impairment in the working-age population despite established screening programmes, early diagnosis and treatment of the condition. The recent discovery of inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor is revolutionizing the management of diabetic retinopathy, particularly diabetic macular oedema. However, not all patients respond to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, reinforcing the fact that diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial disease. Studies are still required to improve our understanding of how retinal structure correlates with visual function. It is hoped that these will lead to better characterization of the disease phenotype based on treatment responses to different agents and allow an algorithm to be developed that will guide the management of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema at different stages of severity.
A stable biomimetic redoxcatalyst obtained by the enzyme catalyzed amidation of iron porphyrin (2008)

Hematin, a hydroxyferriprotoporphyrin, is the more stable oxidized form of the free heme. The use of hematin as a catalyst for oxidative polymerization reactions has been restricted due to its limited aqueous solubility at low pH conditions. While there have been reports on the functionalization of hematin with poly (ethylene glycol), the esters formed are not very stable at low pH conditions. We report here the design and synthesis of hematin tethered with methoxypolyethylene glycol amine chains as a novel stable biomimetic catalyst. This one step amidation was performed under solventless conditions and catalyzed by a hydrolase (Novozyme-435). The amidation greatly improved the stability of hematin at low pH. Further, this catalyst was soluble in water and was able to catalyze the polymerization of aniline based monomers. The amide functionalized hematin serves as a robust cost-effective alternative to HRP, active even at lower pH conditions.
Position estimation and control of compact BLDC motors based on analog linear Hall effect sensors (2010)

Bio-mimetic robotic systems, among many other engineered systems, require motors which possess high torque, little or no torque ripple, compact size, and precise position control. It is frequently challenging to include a motor with a design which fits all of these requirements. Several companies have recently released compact pancake brushless DC motors which possess excellent characteristics. However, ripple-free precision control of brushless motors requires precision position measurement. It can be difficult to mount encoders directly to the shafts of these motors, and for precision position control, a sensorless configuration may be inappropriate. We propose a novel method of measuring rotor position using analog Hall effect sensors to measure the magnetic field of the rotor magnets to create an absolute position measurement of the electrical cycle, which can be used efficiently to create a computationally simple motor control scheme. These Hall effect sensors are mounted directly to the motor and are highly compact, have high bandwidth, are extremely low cost, and have high precision, providing position measurements with insignificant increases to motor size.
A Novel Member of the IκB Family, Human IκB-ζ, Inhibits Transactivation of p65 and Its DNA Binding (2006)

A novel member of the IkappaB family, human IkappaB-zeta, was identified by a differential screening approach of apoptosis-sensitive and -resistant tumor cells. The protein consists of 6 ankyrin repeats at its COOH terminus and shares about 30% identity with other IkappaB members. IkappaB-zeta associates with both the p65 and p50 subunit of NF-kappaB and inhibits the transcriptional activity as well as the DNA binding of the transcription factor. Interestingly, IkappaB-zeta is localized in the nucleus where it aggregates in matrix-associated deacetylase bodies, indicating that IkappaB-zeta regulates nuclear NF-kappaB activity rather than its nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm. IkappaB-zeta expression itself was regulated by NF-kappaB, suggesting that its activity is controlled in a negative feedback loop. Unlike classical IkappaB proteins, IkappaB-zeta was not degraded upon cell stimulation. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and lipopolysaccharide induced a strong induction of IkappaB-zeta transcripts. Expression of IkappaB-zeta was detected in different tissues including lung, liver, and in leukocytes but not in the brain. Suppression of endogenous IkappaB-zeta by RNA interference rendered cells more resistant to apoptosis, whereas overexpression of IkappaB-zeta was sufficient to induce cell death. Our results, therefore, suggest that IkappaB-zeta functions as an additional regulator of NF-kappaB activity and, hence, provides another control level for the activation of NF-kappaB-dependent target genes.
Suppressive Effect of Polyoxometalates on the Cytopathogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in Vitro and Their Inhibitory Activity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. (1992)

One isopolyoxometalate and 42 heteropolyoxometalates consisting of 3 compounds with the trivacant Keggin structure, 2 with the lacunary Keggin structure, 30 with the Keggin structure, one with the Wells-Dawson structure and 6 with miscellaneous structures were tested for their suppressive effect on the cytopathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro and inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. In contrast to the leading interpretations which attribute the suppressive effect of polyoxometalates on the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 to the inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by these compounds, there was no distinct correlation observed between these two functions of polyoxometalates.
Predictive Edge Computing with Hard Deadlines (2018)

Edge computing is a promising approach for localized data processing for many edge applications and systems including Internet of Things (IoT), where computationally intensive tasks in IoT devices could be divided into sub-tasks and offloaded to other IoT devices, mobile devices, and / or servers at the edge. However, existing solutions on edge computing do not address the full range of challenges, specifically heterogeneity; edge devices are highly heterogeneous and dynamic in nature. In this paper, we develop a predictive edge computing framework with hard deadlines. Our algorithm; PrComp (i) predicts the uncertain dynamics of resources of devices at the edge including energy, computing power, and mobility, and (ii) makes sub-task offloading decisions by taking into account the predicted available resources, as well as the hard deadline constraints of tasks. We evaluate PrComp on a testbed consisting of real Android-based smartphones, and show that it significantly improves energy consumption of edge devices and task completion delay as compared to baselines.