gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New supply chain-concept based on coupling point inventory planning (2002)

We propose a new supply chain concept based on coupling point inventory planning method. This method is used for repetitive products at the coupling point (CP), and is combined with the margin stock ratio. This method plans the formulaic necessary inventory under the demand fluctuation, and calculates the re-order quantity. The formulaic necessary inventory is planned by the lead-time of the supply chain process, planning cycle, average demand quantity and its standard deviation. The re-order quantity is calculated by the difference of the formulaic necessary inventory and the measured actual stock. As a result, the total inventory of supply chain process becomes flat by formulaic necessary inventory, and the capacity/load of the upstream company becomes flat by the margin stock ratio, and the out-of-stock situation of the downstream company decreases by the necessary inventory including safety stock.
A Blockchain based Identity Management System Considering Reputation (2019)

In the era of the Internet, a user can perform some actions by being assigned with a pseudo identity, and most users' identities are stored by the certified third parties. This centralized identity management model has a potential safety concern. Once the database server is crashed or the data are leaked, the privacy of the user are exposed. In this paper, a smart contract technology on the blockchain is used to build a decentralized identity management system. The system is usercentric, allowing users to fully control their identity information, only authorized third parties allow access to their user information. Attribute-based authentication is used to achieve identity anonymity. In addition, a reputation model based on attribute reputation is proposed, which makes the user's identity credible even in a decentralized environment.
Biofilm formation on rat skin wounds by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> carrying the green fluorescent protein gene (2009)

Most chronic wounds are covered by biofilms. However, questions remain about whether biofilms are a causative factor in delayed wound healing and whether the biofilm state contributes to this pathology. The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental model for convenient observation of biofilm formation on skin wounds. Full-thickness wounds were created on the backs of SD rats. Suspensions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the gene encoding green fluorescent protein were then applied to the wounds. The wounds were harvested at 8 h, and at 1, 3 and 7 days postwounding for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the presence of a biofilm as early as 8 h. Comparing with non-infected wounds, epithelialization was not delayed. In conclusion, wound healing of rat acute wounds was unaffected by biofilm formation.
Measuring empathy for human and robot hand pain using electroencephalography (2015)

This study provides the first physiological evidence of humans' ability to empathize with robot pain and highlights the difference in empathy for humans and robots. We performed electroencephalography in 15 healthy adults who observed either human- or robot-hand pictures in painful or non-painful situations such as a finger cut by a knife. We found that the descending phase of the P3 component was larger for the painful stimuli than the non-painful stimuli, regardless of whether the hand belonged to a human or robot. In contrast, the ascending phase of the P3 component at the frontal-central electrodes was increased by painful human stimuli but not painful robot stimuli, though the interaction of ANOVA was not significant, but marginal. These results suggest that we empathize with humanoid robots in late top-down processing similarly to human others. However, the beginning of the top-down process of empathy is weaker for robots than for humans.
A structured menu of software configuration management (2002)

This paper addresses the selecting of tasks which when executed properly, will provide the identification, control, auditing and status accounting functions necessary in order for establishing an all inclusive software configuration management structure. Most important the installation of a well structured software configuration management offers the buyer and seller protection against the myriad problems that often beset software development and maintenance projects that, if left unaccountable, can easily spell project disaster. This article states the candidate software configuration management (SCM) tasks to be performed during the software development life cycle. In performing the planning for SCM for any particular project, the tasks are in relationship to the statement of work for the development effort. With quality, in mind and a cost effective approach, only the tasks imposed by the contract will be selected from the candidate tasks and subtasks. This paper addresses major tasks, with each major task having its own esoteric subtasks. The major tasks presented in this paper are: 1. preparation of the SCM PLAN, 2. management of the SCM efforts, 3. performance of SCM configuration identification, 4. performance of SCM configuration control, 5. performance of SCM configuration status accounting, 6. support of SCM configuration audits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transcription initiation region of the srfA operon, which is controlled by the comP-comA signal transduction system in Bacillus subtilis (1991)

srfA is an operon required for the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin, competence development, and efficient sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. The expression of srfA is induced after the end of exponential growth and is dependent on the products of late-growth regulatory genes comP, comA, and spo0K. To begin to understand the mechanism of srfA regulation, the srfA promoter region was identified and characterized. To examine srfA promoter activity, the srfA promoter was fused to lacZ and inserted into the B. subtilis chromosome as a single copy at the SP beta prophage. The location of the transcription start site of srfA was determined by primer extension analysis and shown to be preceded by a sequence that resembles the consensus promoter recognized by the sigma A form of RNA polymerase. The srfA operon was found to have a sequence corresponding to a long, untranslated leader region of the srfA mRNA (300 bp). A nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis of the promoter identified a region of dyad symmetry required for srfA-lacZ expression. A similar sequence is found in the region upstream of the degQ promoter, transcription from which is also regulated by ComA. This region of dyad symmetry found upstream of these promoters may be the target for ComA-dependent transcriptional activation.
A Minimally Supervised Approach for Synonym Extraction with Word Embeddings (2016)

Abstract In this paper we present a novel approach to minimally supervised synonym extraction. The approach is based on the word embeddings and aims at presenting a method for synonym extraction that is extensible to various languages. We report experiments with word vectors trained by using both the continuous bag-of-words model (CBoW) and the skip-gram model (SG) investigating the effects of different settings with respect to the contextual window size, the number of dimensions and the type of word vectors. We analyze the word categories that are (cosine) similar in the vector space, showing that cosine similarity on its own is a bad indicator to determine if two words are synonymous. In this context, we propose a new measure, relative cosine similarity, for calculating similarity relative to other cosine-similar words in the corpus. We show that calculating similarity relative to other words boosts the precision of the extraction. We also experiment with combining similarity scores from differently-trained vectors and explore the advantages of using a part-of-speech tagger as a way of introducing some light supervision, thus aiding extraction. We perform both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation on our final system: intrinsic evaluation is carried out manually by two human evaluators and we use the output of our system in a machine translation task for extrinsic evaluation, showing that the extracted synonyms improve the evaluation metric.
Guest Editorial-Knowledge Visualization for Learning and Knowledge Management (2011)

Knowledge visualization is an emerging area, in which visual imagery is used to construct and convey complex insights for improving understanding and communication. Knowledge visualization has been widely used in various learning environments to augment cognition, facilitate thinking and scientific inquiries, and assist meta-cognition. By representing cognitive structures or mental models using various techniques, knowledge visualization has the potential to facilitate the construction of understandings at a deeper level as well as with multiple perspectives such as interpretation and abstraction. Interpretation employs a familiar representation to support or revise misconceptions of the understanding of less familiar or more abstract knowledge. Examples include conveying an abstract idea by relating it to a concrete phenomenon, relating new insights to already understood concepts, and simulating complex objects or processes. Abstraction, on the other hand, refers to “throwing details ” by synthesis and generalization. Abstraction exposes the underlying structure of a concept, or abstraction can involve the creation and organization of high level concepts, actions, and procedures in the form of concept maps (Novak, 1998), knowledge structures, conceptual frameworks, and so on. Knowledge conveyed by abstraction is usually schematic and analytic, with a format that is typically highly structured and systemic due to the reduction of conceptual complexity and the articulation of relationships (Ainsworth, 2006). In addition to deep understanding and high level thinking, knowledge visualization can support meta-cognition by helping learners develop an awareness of their mental representations,
PRDM proteins: Important players in differentiation and disease (2011)

The PRDM family has recently spawned considerable interest as it has been implicated in fundamental aspects of cellular differentiation and exhibits expanding ties to human diseases. The PRDMs belong to the SET domain family of histone methyltransferases, however, enzymatic activity has been determined for only few PRDMs suggesting that they act by recruiting co-factors or, more speculatively, confer methylation of non-histone targets. Several PRDM family members are deregulated in human diseases, most prominently in hematological malignancies and solid cancers, where they can act as both tumor suppressors or drivers of oncogenic processes. The molecular mechanisms have been delineated for only few PRDMs and little is known about functional redundancy within the family. Future studies should identify target genes of PRDM proteins and the protein complexes in which PRDM proteins reside to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the biological and biochemical functions of this important protein family.
Noninvasive diagnosis of the degree of hepatic fibrosis using ultrasonography in patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (2001)

A/P ratio may be used for the noninvasive diagnosis of the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases.
Slab Delivery of Incoherent Pump Light to Double-Clad Fiber Amplifiers: An Analytic Approach (2004)

Delivery of incoherent diode bar pump power via a tapered slab into a double-clad fiber amplifier allows for compact and efficient devices. We provide analytic estimates of system parameters for robust slab coupled configurations.
Evolutionary Aspects of the Dietary Omega–6:Omega–3 Fatty Acid Ratio: Medical Implications (2009)

Several sources of information suggest that humans evolved on a diet with an equal ratio of omega-6 (ω-6) to omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, whereas in today’s Western diet, this ratio is ~10:1 to 20–25:1. From an evolutionary perspective, Western diets are thus deficient in ω-3 fatty acids. This is problematic as while ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are important components of practically all cell membranes, they are not interconvertible in the human body. Moreover, a balanced ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids is required for homeostasis and normal development. Excessive amounts of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a very high ω-6/ω-3 ratio, as is found in today’s Western diets, promote the pathogenesis of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. On the contrary, increased levels of ω-3 PUFA (a lower ω-6/ω-3 ratio) exert suppressive effects. We thus recommend that ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids should be distinguished on food labels because they both are metabolically and functionally distinct and have opposing physiological effects. We further argue that a lower ratio of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids is desirable as it is likely to reduce the risk of many of the chronic diseases of high prevalence in Western societies, as well as in the developing countries.
Characterization of complete electromechanical constants of rhombohedral 0.72Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)–0.28PbTiO<sub>3</sub>single crystals (2008)

The complete set of elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of [0 0 1]-poled domain-engineered 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.28PbTiO3 (PMN–0.28PT) single crystals was determined. Their ultrahigh piezoelectric constant d33 of 2365 pC N−1 and superior electromechanical coupling coefficients k33, k31 and kt of 93.9%, 76.0% and 63.1%, respectively, are obtained. The temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of [0 0 1]-poled PMN–xPT (x = 0.28, 0.30, 0.32) single crystals was compared. The results showed that the PMN–0.28PT single crystal has an obviously higher phase transition temperature Trt (ferroelectric rhombohedral phase to tetragonal phase transition) than that of other compositions with comparable piezoelectric properties. All these would be highly favourable for practical piezoelectric applications.
Evaluation of leukocyte differential counts on the QBC centrifugal hematology analyzer according to NCCLS standard H20-T. (1985)

A performance study of the QBC centrifugal hematology system was conducted according to reference and analytical procedures defined in NCCLS Tentative Standard for Leukocyte Differential Counting, H20-T. A complex mathematical transformation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to the test data. This statistical technique is intended to segregate and emphasize differences in samples and methods. The comparative study of leukocyte differential counts show that QBC is equivalent in performance to the NCCLS reference method when the latter counts are grouped according to the WBC subpopulations reported by QBC. Within these grouped subpopulations, QBC counts were more precise than manual reference counts and otherwise comparable in terms of results. Similarly, QBC compared favorably with the reference method in its clinical sensitivity to abnormals, based on between-method versus within-method studies of hospital specimens.
A New Tachinid Genus and Species Record for North America: Iceliopsis Borgmeieri Guimarães (2017)

The Iceliini are a small, enigmatic New World tribe of Tachininae consisting of three genera, Icelia RobineauDesvoidy, Iceliopsis Guimarães, and Erviopsis Townsend, and five recognized species (Guimarães 1976). All known species are exclusively Neotropical in distribution with the exception of Icelia triquetra (Olivier), which ranges from Brazil, through Central America, and as far north as New York state (O’Hara & Wood 2004). Members of the tribe are generally medium-sized (ca. 7–12 mm), elongate, yellowish or grayish in color, and resemble Dexiini or Leskiini in general appearance. Species of Iceliini are relatively rarely collected and there is but a single host record (Lepidoptera; see below). Here, we report on the discovery of a specimen of Iceliopsis borgmeieri Guimarães from the U.S. state of Florida, a species never before recorded outside of Brazil.
Placental biomarkers and angiogenic factors in oral fluids of patients with preeclampsia (2016)

GCF of patients with PE concentrates higher levels of biomarkers related with the PE development. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trivalent lanthanide and actinide extraction by calixarenes with different ring sizes and different molecular flexibility (2000)

The binding properties of [1 n ]metacyclophane-based cation exchangers (n = 5, 6, 7) towards trivalent lanthanides and americium were investigated by means of solvent extraction from water to chloroform and xylene. Extraction constants for four ligands were calculated for Ln(III) and Am(III). Three of the ligands lack Bu t groups in 4-position, giving them higher molecular flexibility compared with the corresponding t-butylcalixarenes. Due to this reason, changing the cavity size lead to small changes in metal extractabilities compared with series of Bu t analogue, while the metal extractabilities themselves are very high. The order of extractability, being Am 3+ > Nd 3+ > Eu 3+ > Tb 3+ > Dy 3+ > Er 3+ > Yb 3+ is not influenced by the molecular structure. In the series of t-butylcalix[n]arenes (n = 4-7) the extraction of Am(III) improves with n, the improvement is significantly higher for CHCl 3 than for xylene as diluent. The crystal structure of one of these ligands (n = 7) shows a distorted cone conformation. Dimerization in the crystal occurs due to the formation of 8 intermolecular and 4 intramolecular hydrogen bonds, two dimers form a cavity which contains 10 molecules of CDCl 3 .
Isolation and characterization of human anti-acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice expressing human immunoglobulin loci (2005)

The isolation of human antibodies against muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR), the autoantigen involved in myasthenia gravis (MG), is important for the development of therapeutically useful reagents. Monovalent antibody fragments from monoclonal antibodies against the main immunogenic region (MIR) of AChR protect the receptor from the destructive activity of MG autoantibodies. Human anti-AChR alpha-subunit antibody fragments with therapeutic potential have been isolated using phage display antibody libraries. An alternative approach for obtaining human mAb has been provided by the development of humanized mice. In this report, we show that immunization of transgenic mouse strains with the extracellular domain of the human AChR alpha-subunit results in antibody responses and isolation of hybridomas producing human mAb. Four specific IgM mAb were isolated and analyzed. mAb170 recognized the native receptor the best and was capable of inducing AChR antigenic modulation, suggesting its specificity for a pathogenic epitope. Moreover, the recombinant antigen-binding (Fab) fragment of this mAb competed with an anti-MIR mAb, revealing that its antigenic determinant lies in or near the MIR. Finally, Fab170 was able to compete with MG autoantibodies and protect the AChR against antigenic modulation induced by MG sera. This approach will be useful for isolating additional mAb with therapeutic potential against the other AChR subunits.
LXXV.—Preparation of substituted indoles from benzoin and secondary arylamines (1910)

M. B. Richards, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1910, 97, 977 DOI: 10.1039/CT9109700977
Upregulation of Mac-1 surface expression on neutrophils during simulated extracorporeal circulation. (1993)

The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (alpha m beta 2, CD11b/18 CR3, MO1), in addition to binding iC3b, has been shown to be the receptor for the coagulation proteins fibrinogen, factor X, and high molecular weight kininogen. Mac-1 is known to be upregulated by agonists that stimulate neutrophils or monocytes. Previous studies from this laboratory have documented neutrophil activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. We therefore used an experimental model for cardiopulmonary bypass, a simulated extracorporeal circulation, to study the surface expression of Mac-1 on peripheral blood leukocytes by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The number of Mac-1 receptors in polymorphonuclear leukocytes had increased 2.2 times and 2.9 times baseline by 2 hours at 37 degrees C and 28 degrees C, respectively (p < 0.001). Neutrophil elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes (a measure of neutrophil degranulation) increased more than sixfold from 41 micrograms/L to 256 micrograms/L after 2 hours at 28 degrees C. The number of Mac-1 receptors expressed on polymorphonuclear leukocytes correlated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase complexes (r = 0.93). Mac-1--bearing lymphocytes did not display any change in receptor number in the simulated extracorporeal circulation. By 2 hours, monocytes at 37 degrees C showed only insignificant increase; at 28 degrees C they displayed a 1.6 times increase (p < 0.05). By maintaining a temperature-matched standing control samples, we could prove that, unlike the Mac-1 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, this increase in monocyte Mac-1 is not from bypass but is rather an effect of temperature. These data suggest that a receptor for procoagulant proteins on circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Mac-1) is upregulated during simulated extracorporeal circulation.
Plasma etch processing of advanced ferroelectric devices (1997)

Abstract Ferroelectric structures are being used in SRAM devices and are migrating to DRAM devices. A DRAM cell size can be dramatically reduced by employing ferroelectric structures in place of the current silicon oxide capacitor structures. A 5μ2 DRAM cell capacitor can be reduced in size by a factor of 20 using a ferroelectric structure. The current technology used to etch ferroelectric device layers has at least two major shortcomings. The first etch issue is the sloped profiles (i.e. 40°) which are a result of the high ion energies used to etch the relatively non volatile materials (Platinum and PZT). The second etch issue is severe sidewall redeposition when vertical profiles are obtained by using ion mills etc. The etch products that are redeposited on the sidewalls become very difficult or impossible to remove in a manufacturing environment. Profiles of > 75° without heavy redeposition will be required in order for 0.5μ DRAMs to be produced using ferroelectric technology. A series of designed experiments were developed to understand the dependent variables impact on reducing residues and increasing the etched feature's profile angle. Response surfaces were developed for resist selectivity, profile angle, and etch rate versus changes in KHz power, cathode temperature, reactant gas flow and additive gas flow in an HRe − (High Density Reflected Electron) etch system. The process results (optical emission and SEM analysis) were statistically evaluated and process trends developed. The resulting response surface graphs combined with SEM micrographs demonstrate trends in profile control and etch rate. The process trends are reviewed which result in > 75° residue-free etching of ferroelectric devices.
Secure authentication system that generates seed from biometric information (2005)

As biometric recognition techniques are gradually improved, the stability of biometric authentication systems are enhanced. Although bioinformation has properties that make it resistant to fraud, biometric authentication systems are not immune to hacking. We show a secure biometric authentication system (1) to guarantee the integrity of biometric information by mixing data by use of a biometric key and (2) to raise recognition rates by use of bimodal biometrics.