gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the life of Brown Field Developments by Acoustic Impedance-Conditioned 3D Reservoir Modelling: An Example from a Mature Gulf of Suez Carbonate Producing Asset (Ras Fanar Field), Egypt (2014)

Abstract Discovered in April 1978, Ras Fanar Field in the Gulf of Suez of Egypt has delivered a total cumulative production of 114 MMSTB oil (Jan 2013) from Middle Miocene coralline algal buildups and laterally intercalated dolomitic layers within sabkhas deposits. OOIP was estimated to be 90 MMSTB in 1984. This paper presents a simple but apparently effective 3D reservoir modelling workflow which used acoustic impedance (AI) data and its relationship to effective porosity as a deterministic 3D modelling parameter ("porosity-facies"). In 2002 an AI-conditioned model for the Ras Fanar Field was completed and a number of infill wells were successfully drilled within the main field which mediated the production decline of the field. Based on the model a number of higher risked drilling targets were subsequently identified to the west of the main field. The westward extension of the Ras Fanar field was confirmed by well RF-B10 in 2004. This well encountered the original field oil-water contact at 2450' TVDss despite 20 years production in the main field. The oil-water contact is thought to be in part influenced by secondary gas cap expansion which has "pushed" the oil column back to the original spill point. Ras Fanar West development drilling has subsequently targeted lagoonal patch reef bodies landward of the main Ras Fanar Field "reef "trend. Each development well has been carefully positioned within the highest quality "porosity facies". The target locations have been optimised so that the reservoir is penetrated with the standoff from the gas-oil and oil-water contacts. Two phases of development have been successfully implemented, primarily based on the AI-conditioned reservoir model. Incremental production of 10 MMSTB has been achieved from the Ras Fanar West development area since 2004 and significant upside is still recognised. Introduction The Ras Fanar Field lies some 2 Km offshore east of from the town of Ras Gharib (Figure 1). The field comprises NW-SE trending structural trap bounded by a major fault system to the SW and tilted to the NE. The depositional setting of the reservoir comprises a 10–12 Km wide carbonate ramp which extends eastwards from Ras Gharib Field to Ras Fanar Field. The proposed sequence stratigraphic geological model allows for both lateral and vertical facies transitions between the Nullipore carbonates and South Gharib evaporitic-carbonate units. Several phases of upward-shoaling deposition are noted and main reef trend and patch reefs were periodically exposed as islands or raised beaches. Periods of subaerial exposure created high porosity layers (Super Permeability layers) within the reservoir resulting from karstification, solution collapse brecciation and possible mixing-zone dolomitisation. Diagenetic overprinting of the original facies was intense therefore a petrophysical-based modelling procedure was adopted (Figure 2).
Organic building blocks of the chemical industry (1990)

BACKROUND MATERIAL. Sources, Production Pathways, and Pricing of Industrial Organic Chemicals. ALIPHATIC BUILDING BLOCKS. C 1 Building Blocks. C 2 Building Blocks. C 3 Building Blocks. C 4 Building Blocks, Including Isoprene and Cyclopentadiene. C 5 and Higher Acyclic Building Blocks. CYCLIC BUILDING BLOCKS. Nonaromatic Carbocyclic Compounds. Aromatic Carbocyclic Compounds. Heterocyclic Building Blocks. Index.
Intracellular Expression of a Single Domain Antibody Reduces Cytotoxicity of 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Yeast (2009)

15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) is a low molecular weight sesquiterpenoid trichothecene mycotoxin associated with Fusarium ear rot of maize and Fusarium head blight of small grain cereals. The accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-AcDON within harvested grain is subject to stringent regulation as both toxins pose dietary health risks to humans and animals. These toxins inhibit peptidyltransferase activity, which in turn limits eukaryotic protein synthesis. To assess the ability of intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) to modulate mycotoxin-specific cytotoxocity, a gene encoding a camelid single domain antibody fragment (V(H)H) with specificity and affinity for 15-AcDON was expressed in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris. Cytotoxicity and V(H)H immunomodulation were assessed by continuous measurement of cellular growth. At equivalent doses, 15-AcDON was significantly more toxic to wild-type P. pastoris than was DON. In turn, DON was orders of magnitude more toxic than 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol. Intracellular expression of a mycotoxin-specific V(H)H within P. pastoris conveyed significant (p = 0.01) resistance to 15-AcDON cytotoxicity at doses ranging from 20 to 100 mug.ml(-1). We also documented a biochemical transformation of DON to 15-AcDON to account for the attenuation of DON cytotoxicity at 100 and 200 mug.ml(-1). The proof of concept established within this eukaryotic system suggests that in planta V(H)H expression may lead to enhanced tolerance to mycotoxins and thereby limit Fusarium infection of commercial agricultural crops.
Hydrogen and oxygen generation with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based electrolytic technology (2006)

With dwindling liquid fuel resources, hydrogen offers a credible alternative. The use of hydrogen in a fuel cell offers the highest fuel conversion efficiency compared with all other technologies and it also has the potential to substantially reduce greenhouse gas and particulate emissions at least at the end-user sites. One of the major barriers to the introduction of the hydrogen economy and its wider acceptance is the lack of the rather costly hydrogen generation, transportation and distribution infrastructure to meet the local transport fuel demands. On-site or distributed hydrogen generation would remove the need for this up-front infrastructure requirements and assist with the early large-scale trials of the fuel cell technology for both transport and stationary applications and also introduction of the hydrogen economy. In this paper, the development of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis technology for on-site, on-demand hydrogen generation has been discussed. The major emphasis is given on reducing catalyst cost; interface design and modifications; interconnect materials, design and fabrication; and investigation of the sources of degradation. Stacks to 2 kWH 2 capacity have been constructed and tested and show initial efficiencies of >87% at 1 A cm−2.
New anticoagulants: beyond heparin, low‐molecular‐weight heparin and warfarin (2005)

The limitations of traditional anticoagulants, heparin and warfarin, have prompted the development of new anticoagulant drugs for prevention and treatment of both venous and arterial thromboembolism. After a brief review of thrombogenesis and its regulation, this paper focuses on new anticoagulant agents in more advanced stages of clinical testing.
Fast Charging of Li-Ion Cells: Part IV. Temperature Effects and “Safe Lines” to Avoid Lithium Plating (2020)

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries that does not compromise cell performance and durability is critical for wider adoption of electric vehicles. Raising cell temperature is one approach to enable fast charge; the higher temperature facilitates charge migration and lowers electrode polarization limited by the rates of diffusion and interfacial transport. In this study we examine the behavior of cells subjected to constant current and pulse current charging, at rates from 1C to 8C in the 30 °C to 55 °C range. To demonstrate safe charge conditions that averts Li metal plating on the anode, we use a microprobe reference electrode to continuously monitor the electrode potentials during tests. We then adopt a state-of-the-art multiphase electrochemical model to extrapolate the anode reference potential to the anode surface potential, which determines the overpotential for Li plating. For constant current charging, the results suggest that safe charging at 6C to 80% full capacity would be untenable for all but the thinnest electrodes. For pulse charging, the safe conditions depend on cell voltage, temperature, and the rate/duration of the pulse. The “safe lines” established in this study can help define charging protocols that enable higher charge rates, while minimizing losses in cell performance over time.
Pose Synthesis Using the Inverse of Jacobian Matrix Learned from Examples (2007)

This paper presents a method of pose synthesis based on a low-dimensional space and a set of characteristics of motion learned from examples. This method consists of two phases: learning and synthesis. In the learning phase, a low-dimensional and discrete representation of the space of natural poses is constructed by using a self organizing map (SOM). Meanwhile, a set of matrices is extracted from the motion data. These matrices describe how the poses change with the end-effectors' positions, and play a key role in synthesizing natural looking results. In the synthesis phase, a lightweight algorithm based on the learned parameters is used. The synthesis process is very efficient because there is no time-consuming calculation, like numeric optimization or matrix inverting. Compared with other methods, our method not only can produce natural looking poses in real-time, but also works well with constraints positioned in a larger range. We apply our method in applications of interactive pose editing, real-time motion modification, and pose reconstruction from image. The results have proven the robustness and effectiveness of our method
The Role of Bacterial Vaginosis and Vaginal Bacteria in Amniotic Fluid Infection in Women in Preterm Labor with Intact Fetal Membranes (1995)

Journal Article The Role of Bacterial Vaginosis and Vaginal Bacteria in Amniotic Fluid Infection in Women in Preterm Labor with Intact Fetal Membranes Get access Sharon L. Hillier, Sharon L. Hillier From the University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Sharon L. Hillier, University of Pittsburgh/Magee-Womens Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marijane A. Krohn, Marijane A. Krohn From the University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ellen Cassen, Ellen Cassen From the University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas R. Easterling, Thomas R. Easterling From the University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lorna K. Rabe, Lorna K. Rabe From the University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David A. Eschenbach David A. Eschenbach From the University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue Supplement_2, June 1995, Pages S276–S278, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.Supplement_2.S276 Published: 01 June 1995
Fast image restoration in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy with extended depth of field using GPUs (2015)

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is used in many biological research experiments that require fast three-dimensional (3D) imaging up to a few volumes per second. Wavefront coding (WFC) microscopy provides LSFM with 3D real-time imaging capabilities introducing a controlled aberration that extends the depth of field (DOF) of the microscope objective. Resulting images, however, are blurred and need to be processed to recover the original sharpness in a CPU-intensive deconvolution which makes real-time visualization unattainable. We present computational tools based on GPU parallel computing to achieve realtime deconvolution and visualization of the images obtained with WFC light-sheet microscopy.
Triglyceride structure of human milk fat (1969)

The triglycerides of the fat globules of human milk were resolved by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. The chemical structure of the glycerides was determined by gas chromatography of the glycerides and fatty acids and by a stereospecific analysis of total milk fat sample. The major triglycerides of human milk fat contained 48–54 acyl carbons which were made up of C 12 –C 22 acids of various degrees of unsaturation. The fully saturated triglycerides (6–8%) contained mainly sn-glycerol 1-stearate 2-palmitate esterified at position 3 with C 14 –C 18 acids. The monoenoic triglycerides (25–27%) were comprised mainly of sn-glycerol 1-oleate 2-palmitate esterified at position 3 to C 12 –C 18 acids, as well as their racemates. The dienes (24–33%) were made up largely of sn-glycerol 1-stearate 2,3-dioleate and 2-palmitate 1,3-dioleate. The trienes (18–20%) contained mostly sn-glycerol 1,2,3-trioleate and 1-oleate 2-palmitate 3-linoleate. The tetraenes (7–21%) were identified as mainly sn-glycerol 1,2-dioleate 3-linoleate and 1-palmitate 2,3-dilinoleate. Arachidonic acid was found in the polyene fraction (6%) in the 2-position, while the linolenic acid was preferentially associated with position 3 of the tetraenes.
Number/theoretic solutions to intercept time problems (1996)

A good radar warning receiver should observe a radar very soon after it begins transmitting, so in designing our radar warning receiver we would like to ensure that the intercept time is low or the probability of intercept after a specified time is high. We consider a number of problems concerning the overlaps or coincidences of two periodic pulse trains. We show that the first intercept time of two pulse trains started in phase is a homogeneous Diophantine approximation problem which can be solved using the convergents of the simple continued fraction (s.c.f.) expansion of the ratio of their pulse repetition intervals (PRIs). We find that the intercept time for arbitrary starting phases is an inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation problem which can be solved in a similar manner. We give a recurrence equation to determine the times at which subsequent coincidences occur. We then demonstrate how the convergents of the s.c.f. expansion can be used to determine the probability of intercept of the two pulse trains after a specified time when one or both of the initial phases are random. Finally, we discuss how the probability of intercept varies as a function of the PRIs and its dependence on the Farey points.
Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects with Microencapsulated c- <i>myc</i> Antisense Oligonucleotide (1999)

A phosphorothioate c-myc antisense oligonucleotide was complexed with zinc and encapsulated into injectable biodegradable microspheres. The efficacy of this novel formulation was compared with intravenous administration of the unencapsulated drug in human melanoma and leukemia xenografts in immunocompromised mice. The microencapsulated formulation was more effective as shown by reduced tumor growth, a decreased number of metastases, reduced c-myc expression, and increased survival in the melanoma model, and decreased metastatic potential and increased survival in the leukemia model. These results show that, as has been demonstrated previously with protein and peptide drugs, greater therapeutic efficacy can be obtained when antisense oligonucleotides are delivered from sustained-release formulations.
Chloracylierung und Bromacylierung von Carbonylverbindungen: Eine in Vergessenheit geratene Carbonylreaktion. I. Präparative Anwendungsbreite (1978)

Chloroacylation and bromoacylation of carbonyl compounds: A forgotten carbonyl reaction. I. Scope of the reaction Aliphatic, α,β‐unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes as well as aliphatic ketones react with acyl halides to (α‐haloalkyl)esters. These bifunctional derivates contain two leaving groups of different reactivity. The scope of this scarcely of this scarcely known carbonyl reaction is discussed.
Stability of the laminar boundary layer in a streamwise corner (1984)

Abstract This work examines the stability of viscous, incompressible flow along a streamwise corner, often called the corner boundary-layer problem. The semi-infinite boundary value problem satisfied by small-amplitude disturbances in the ‘blending boundary layer’ region is obtained. The mean secondary flow induced by the corner exhibits a flow reversal in this region. Uniformly valid ‘first approximations’ to solutions of the governing differ­ential equations are derived. Uniformity at infinity is achieved by a suitable choice of the large parameter and use of an appropriate Langer variable. Approximations to solutions of balanced type have a phase shift across the critical layer which is associated with instabilities in the case of two-dimensional boundary layer profiles.
Proposal and Evaluation of Dynamic Object‐Oriented Programming (1990)

Abstract We have been studying the parallel coordinated computing system composed of several AI workstations ELIS, as well as the knowledge processing on that system. From the viewpoint of the modularity and the hierarchy, an object‐oriented approach is adopted as the fundamental paradigm. In the knowledge representation on such a system, the object for representing the knowledge must be modified in a dynamical way since the knowledge always changes by itself. In this paper, such a modifiable object is called a dynamic object. In the traditional system, however, the object has been considered as static, and instance variables, for example, cannot be added or deleted dynamically during execution. The dynamic object is realized by modifying the object mechanism of TAO, which is the kernel language of ELIS. This paper proposes a dynamic object‐oriented programming based on this dynamic object, which is suited to the representation of the changing knowledge. It is indicated that from the standpoint of the dynamic knowledge representation, the dynamic object‐oriented programming is more natural and more efficient than the traditional object‐oriented programming.
Effect of standard doses of epinephrine on myocardial oxygen delivery and utilization during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1988)

This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 0.02 mg/kg of epinephrine (E) on myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and delivery (MDO2) when administered during CPR after 10-min cardiopulmonary arrest. Five miniature swine were instrumented for MBF measurements using tracer microspheres. Ventricular fibrillation was induced. After 10 min, CPR was begun with a pneumatic compressor. Measurements of MBF, arterial, and coronary sinus blood gases were made. After 3 min of CPR, each animal received 0.02 mg/kg of E. The measurements were repeated and defibrillation was attempted. During CPR, MDO2 and MVO2 were 0.2 +/- 0.3 and 0.2 +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 g tissue, respectively. The myocardial oxygen extraction ratio (ER) was 94.2 +/- 3.0%. After 0.02 mg/kg of E, MDO2 was 1.1 +/- 1.4, MVO2 was 1.0 +/- 1.3, and ER was 93.9 +/- 0.7% (p greater than .05). There were no successful defibrillations. These data indicate that MDO2 improves slightly during CPR after 0.02 mg/kg of E, but it does not meet the oxygen demands of the fibrillating heart.
Dimensioning of leaky buckets to be used as monitors (1993)

A leaky bucket counter is used to monitor link error rates and determine the necessity for link changeover in the message transfer part (MTP) of signalling system no. 7. A methodology for dimensioning such a leaky bucket which is applicable to both uniformly distributed and bursty errors is presented.
Minimal Repetition Dynamic Checkpointing Algorithm for Unsteady Adjoint Calculation (2009)

Adjoint equations of differential equations have seen widespread applications in optimization, inverse problems, and uncertainty quantification. A major challenge in solving adjoint equations for time dependent systems has been the need to use the solution of the original system in the adjoint calculation and the associated memory requirement. In applications where storing the entire solution history is impractical, checkpointing methods have frequently been used. However, traditional checkpointing algorithms such as revolve require a priori knowledge of the number of time steps, making these methods incompatible with adaptive time stepping. We propose a dynamic checkpointing algorithm applicable when the number of time steps is a priori unknown. Our algorithm maintains a specified number of checkpoints on the fly as time integration proceeds for an arbitrary number of time steps. The resulting checkpoints at any snapshot during the time integration have the optimal repetition number. The efficiency of our algorithm is demonstrated both analytically and experimentally in solving adjoint equations. This algorithm also has significant advantage in automatic differentiation when the length of execution is variable.
Electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole and Cu‐plated nylon/spandex for electrotherapeutic pad electrode (2004)

Abstract Electroconductive fabrics were prepared to improve the properties of conductive electrode pad material used for electrotherapy when it is subjected to various movements of the human body. Highly stretchable and conductive fabrics were prepared by in situ electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on nylon/spandex stretchable fabric in aqueous solutions with 0.05 M pyrrole and 0.05 M anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid, sodium salt monohydrate (AQSA) at room temperature for 2 h. Electroless Cu plating was also applied after chemical polymerization of PPy to improve the conductivity of the fabric pad. Performance of prepared stretchable conductive fabric pad was evaluated in terms of conductivity changes as a function of extension and continuous current application time, and clinical test. As a result, the fabric conductivity was well maintained with extension up to 60% and prolonged treatment time over 30 min. The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was observed with prepared TENS pad in this study and conventional TENS pad for medical use. The significant effect of TENS was observed with a pad made of conductive fabric by Cu plating and a conventional TENS pad ( P < 0.05, respectively). Even though the efficiency of an experimental pad made of fabric composite with electrochemically polymerized PPy was not as good as conventional TENS pad for medical use in this experiment, it can possibly be used for other applications where relatively low‐strength electrical pulse is required. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 4064–4071, 2004
Effect of time of artifical insemination on fertilization in laying hens. (1988)

Fertility rates on the day following insemination, or during a period of 6 days were compared in laying hens inseminated at various times of a day; i.e., 3:00, 7:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 19:00. Undiluted 0.04ml of mixed semen was deposited at about 2-3cm deep into vagina once for each bird. The rates obtained on the day following insemination were 91.1, 81.4, 0, 0 and 0% for groups inseminated at each time as indicated above. Fertile eggs were mostly from hens inseminated before oviposition, and partly from hens of no oviposition. The rates observed during 6 days after insemination were 88.9%, 80.4%, 72.7%, 93.6% and 88.1% for hens inseminated at 3:00, 7:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 19:00, respectively. However, no significant difference appeared between the rates of groups inseminated at 3:00 and 15:00. To obtain high fertility on the day following insemination, it is recommended to inseminate 5 to 7 hours before oviposition or ovulation.