gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Domestic Processing of Onion Bulbs (<i>Allium cepa</i>) and Asparagus Spears (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i>):  Effect on Flavonol Content and Antioxidant Status (2001)

Two commonly consumed plant foods, onion bulbs and asparagus spears, were subjected to typical domestic processing, including chopping, maceration, and boiling. The impact of these processes on flavonol content was assessed. Further, the consequences of these processes on the antioxidant capacity of the tissues were evaluated with the beta-carotene bleaching method. Chopping significantly affected rutin content in asparagus, yielding an 18.5% decrease in 60 min; but in onions, quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside (Q(DG)) and quercetin 4'-glucoside (Q(MG)) were virtually unaffected by chopping. Boiling for 60 min had more severe effects, as it caused overall flavonol losses of 20.6 and 43.9% in onions and asparagus, respectively. Chopping of tissues did not considerably influence the antioxidant capacity, but boiling did provoke notable changes.
Selective Orexin Receptor Antagonists as Novel Augmentation Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence for Safety and Efficacy From a Phase 2B Study of Seltorexant (2021)

There is a large unmet need for effective treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), an often chronic/recurrent disorder that affects 1 in 5 adults during their lifetime in the United States. Clinicians and individuals with MDD often rely on augmentation approaches given the low rate of remission with the initial antidepressant treatment. Therefore, the report by Savitz and colleagues on the safety and efficacy of seltorexant is of great interest because it provides initial evidence for the antidepressant potential of drugs targeting orexin neurotransmission. Findings of this study suggest that seltorexant 20 mg is more effective than placebo, especially in individuals with moderate or insomnia symptoms at baseline. Given that insomnia is a common feature of depression, orexin 2 receptor antagonists may serve as important new treatment alternatives for people with MDD.
Recent Advances on InAs/InP Quantum Dash Based Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Amplifiers Operating at 1.55 $\mu$m (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper summarizes recent advances on InAs/InP quantum dash (QD) materials for lasers and amplifiers, and QD device performance with particular interest in optical communication. We investigate both InAs/InP dashes in a barrier and dashes in a well (DWELL) heterostructures operating at 1.5 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $\mu$</tex></formula>m. These two types of QDs can provide high gain and low losses. Continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature lasing operation on ground state of cavity length as short as 200 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $\mu$</tex></formula>m has been achieved, demonstrating the high modal gain of the active core. A threshold current density as low as 110 A/cm<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{2}$</tex></formula> per QD layer has been obtained for infinite-length DWELL laser. An optimized DWELL structure allows achieving of a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $T_{0}$</tex></formula> larger than 100 K for broad-area (BA) lasers, and of 80 K for single-transverse-mode lasers in the temperature range between 25<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{\circ}$</tex></formula>C and 85 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{\circ}$</tex></formula>C. Buried ridge stripe (BRS)-type single-mode distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are also demonstrated for the first time, exhibiting a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) as high as 45 dB. Such DFB lasers allow the first floor-free 10-Gb/s direct modulation for back-to-back and transmission over 16-km standard optical fiber. In addition, novel results are given on gain, noise, and four-wave mixing of QD-based semiconductor optical amplifiers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that QD Fabry–Perot (FP) lasers, owing to the small confinement factor and the three-dimensional (3-D) quantification of electronic energy levels, exhibit a beating linewidth as narrow as 15 kHz. Such an extremely narrow linewidth, compared to their QW or bulk counterparts, leads to the excellent phase noise and time-jitter characteristics when QD lasers are actively mode-locked. These advances constitute a new step toward the application of QD lasers and amplifiers to the field of optical fiber communications. </para>
Measuring cycling kinematics using a low-cost, flashing LED, multi-camera approach (2008)

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Dual-color visualization of trans-Golgi network to plasma membrane traffic along microtubules in living cells (1999)

The mechanisms and carriers responsible for exocytic protein trafficking between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane remain unclear. To investigate the dynamics of TGN-to-plasma membrane traffic and role of the cytoskeleton in these processes we transfected cells with a GFP-fusion protein, vesicular stomatitis virus G protein tagged with GFP (VSVG3-GFP). After using temperature shifts to block VSVG3-GFP in the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently accumulate it in the TGN, dynamics of TGN-to-plasma membrane transport were visualized in real time by confocal and video microscopy. Both small vesicles (<250 nm) and larger vesicular-tubular structures (>1.5 microm long) are used as transport containers (TCs). These TCs rapidly moved out of the Golgi along curvilinear paths with average speeds of approximately 0.7 micrometer/second. Automatic computer tracking objectively determined the dynamics of different carriers. Fission and fusion of TCs were observed, suggesting that these late exocytic processes are highly interactive. To directly determine the role of microtubules in post-Golgi traffic, rhodamine-tubulin was microinjected and both labeled cargo and microtubules were simultaneously visualized in living cells. These studies demonstrated that exocytic cargo moves along microtubule tracks and reveals that carriers are capable of switching between tracks.
Spray drying and dry neutralization of powdered detergents (1978)

Abstract Spray tower designs for soaps and detergents, practical operating conditions and practices in slurry preparation, and spray tower operation are described and illustrated. The specific problems of exhaust air purification, handling of fines, and the behavior of various builders and surfactants during spray drying are discussed. Dry neutralization systems and the combination of spray drying with dry neutralization to introduce heat sensitive and difficult to atomize materials, to use practically all types of surfactants, to increase capacity, and to save energy are considered also.
Isolation, structural characterization and biological function of a lysine‐conopressin in the central nervous system of the Pharyngobdellid leech <i>Erpobdella octoculata</i> (1993)

Several neuropeptides are suspected to act on the control of hydric balance in leeches. One of these peptides, a peptide immunoreactive to an antibody against oxytocin, was previously characterized from the central nervous system of the leech Erpobdella octoculata [Salzet, M., Wattez, C., Verger-Bocquet, M., Beauvillain, J.-C. & Malecha, J. (1993) Brain Res. 601, 173-184]. This paper reports the isolation from the central nervous system of E. octoculata of another peptide of the oxytocin/vasopressin family; a lysine-vasopressin-like molecule. Its purification was performed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with both dot immunobinding assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for lysine-vasopressin. The amino acid sequence was established by Edman degradation and confirmed by electrospray-mass-spectrometry measurement. The nonapeptide obtained corresponded to the lysine-conopressin previously isolated from the venom of the mollusc Conus geographus [Cruz, L. L., de Santos, V., Zafaralla, G. C., Ramilo, C. A., Zeikus, R., Gray, W. R. & Olivera, B. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15821-15824]. In leeches, synthetic lysine-conopressin exerts a diuretic effect which can be compared to that of the arginine-vasopressin-like peptide isolated in the Insect Locusta migratoria [Proux, J., Miller, C. A., Li, J. P., Carney, R. L., Girardie, A., Delaage, M. & Schooley, D. A. (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 149, 180-186].
Prevention of Experimental Cerebral Vasospasm by Intracranial Delivery of a Nitric Oxide Donor From a Controlled-Release Polymer (2002)

Local delivery of DETA/NO prevents vasospasm in the rabbit basilar artery. Local delivery of DETA/NO via polymers is a safe and effective strategy for preventing cerebral vasospasm after SAH in this model.
Anatomy of Phobanes. Diastereoselective Synthesis of the Three Isomers of<i>n</i>-Butylphobane and a Comparison of their Donor Properties (2009)

Three methods for the large scale (50-100 g) separation of the secondary phobanes 9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (s-PhobPH) and 9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (a-PhobPH) are described in detail. Selective protonation of s-PhobPH with aqueous HCl in the presence of a-PhobPH is an efficient way to obtain large quantities of a-PhobPH. Selective oxidation of a-PhobPH in an acidified mixture of a-PhobPH and s-PhobPH is an efficient way to obtain large quantities of s-PhobPH. The crystalline, air-stable phosphonium salts [s-PhobP(CH(2)OH)(2)]Cl and [a-PhobP(CH(2)OH)(2)]Cl can be separated by a selective deformylation with aqueous NaOH. a-PhobPH is shown to be a(5)-PhobPH in which the H lies over the five-membered ring. The isomeric a(7)-PhobPH has been detected but isomerizes to a(5)-PhobPH rapidly in the presence of water. s-PhobPH is more basic than a-PhobPH by about 2 pK(a) units in MeOH. Treatment of s-PhobPH with BH(3).THF gives s-PhobPH(BH(3)) and similarly a-PhobPH gives a(5)-PhobPH(BH(3)). Isomerically pure s-PhobPCl and a(5)-PhobPCl are prepared by reaction of the corresponding PhobPH with C(2)Cl(6). The n-butyl phobane s-PhobPBu is prepared by nucleophilic (using s-PhobPH or s-PhobPLi) and electrophilic (using s-PhobPCl) routes. Isomerically pure a(5)-PhobPBu is prepared by treatment of a-PhobPLi with (n)BuBr and a(7)-PhobPBu is prepared by quaternization of a-PhobPH with (n)BuBr followed by deprotonation. From the rates of conversion of a(7)-PhobPBu to a(5)-PhobPBu, the DeltaG(double dagger) (403 K) for P-inversion is calculated to be 38.1 kcal mol(-1) (160 kJ mol(-1)). The donor properties of the individual isomers of PhobPBu were assessed from the following spectroscopic measurements: (i) (1)J(PSe) for PhobP(Se)Bu; (ii) nu(CO) for trans-[RhCl(CO)(PhobPBu)(2)], (iii) (1)J(PtP) for the PEt(3) in trans-[PtCl(2)(PEt(3))(PhobPBu)]. In each case, the data are consistent with the order of sigma-donation being a(7)-PhobPBu > s-PhobPBu > a(5)-PhobPBu. This same order was found when the affinity of the PhobPBu isomers for platinum(II) was investigated by determining the relative stabilities of [Pt(CH(3))(s-PhobPBu)(dppe)][BPh(4)], [Pt(CH(3))(a(5)-PhobPBu)(dppe)][BPh(4)], and [Pt(CH(3))(a(7)-PhobPBu)(dppe)][BPh(4)] from competition experiments. Calculations of the relative stabilities of the isomers of PhobPH, [PhobPH(2)](+), and PhobPH(BH(3)) support the conclusions drawn from the experimental results. Moreover, calculations on the frontier orbital energies of PhobPMe isomers and their binding energies to H(+), BH(3), PdCl(3)(-), and PtCl(3)(-) corroborate the experimental observation of the order of sigma-donation being a(7)-PhobPR > s-PhobPR > a(5)-PhobPR. The calculated He(8) steric parameter shows that the bulk of the isomers increases in the order a(7)-PhobPR < s-PhobPR < a(5)-PhobPR. The crystal structures of [a-PhobP(CH(2)OH)(2)][s-PhobP(CH(2)OH)(2)]Cl(2), cis-[PtCl(2)(a(5)-PhobPCH(2)OH)(2)], trans-[PtCl(2)(s-PhobPBu)(2)], and trans-[PtCl(2)(a(7)-PhobPBu)(2)] are reported.
Control of dispersion and variation of reaction coil length in flow injection analyzers by flow reversals (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControl of dispersion and variation of reaction coil length in flow injection analyzers by flow reversalsD. Betteridge, P. B. Oates, and Adrian P. WadeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 8, 1236–1238Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00135a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00135a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Fischer indole synthesis (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleStudies on the Fischer indole synthesisBrian RobinsonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 2, 227–250Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60258a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60258a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6105Altmetric-Citations339LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Charge–Exciton Interaction Rate in Organic Field-Effect Transistors by Means of Transient Photoluminescence Electromodulated Spectroscopy (2016)

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) offer a huge potential for the design of highly integrated multifunctional optoelectronic systems and of intense nanoscale light sources, such as the long-searched-for electrically pumped organic laser. In order to fulfill these promises, the efficiency and brightness of the current state-of-the-art devices have to be increased significantly. The dominating quenching process limiting the external quantum efficiency in OLETs is charge–exciton interaction. A comprehensive understanding of this quenching process is therefore of paramount importance. The present article reports a systematic investigation of charge–exciton interaction in organic transistors employing time-resolved photoluminescence electro-modulation (PLEM) spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale. The results show that the injected charges reduce the exciton radiative recombination in two ways: (i) charges may prevent the generation of excitons and (ii) charges activate a further nonradiative channel for the exciton decay. Moreover, the transient PLEM measurements clearly reveal that not only trapped charges, as already reported in literature, but rather the entire injected charge density contributes to the quenching of the exciton population.
The More Electric Aero-engine: a general overview from an engine manufacturer (2002)

This paper discusses the reasons for industry interest in More Electric Aircraft and More Electric Engines, describes the basic technologies that could be incorporated into a More Electric Engine and compares and contrasts a More Electric Engine with today's style of aircraft engine. Some ideas on how a More Electric Aircraft could be configured to make best use of the capabilities of such an engine are introduced.
Collapsed Variational Inference for HDP (2007)

A wide variety of Dirichlet-multinomial 'topic' models have found interesting applications in recent years. While Gibbs sampling remains an important method of inference in such models, variational techniques have certain advantages such as easy assessment of convergence, easy optimization without the need to maintain detailed balance, a bound on the marginal likelihood, and side-stepping of issues with topic-identifiability. The most accurate variational technique thus far, namely collapsed variational latent Dirichlet allocation, did not deal with model selection nor did it include inference for hyperparameters. We address both issues by generalizing the technique, obtaining the first variational algorithm to deal with the hierarchical Dirichlet process and to deal with hyperparameters of Dirichlet variables. Experiments show a significant improvement in accuracy.
Image Quality and Viewer Perception (1990)

Improving the quality of digital images can have great impact on information storage and transfer, pushing the feasibility of image databases well beyond existing practical limits. How good do images have to be? Among the considerations for selecting image quality is the extent to which viewers can discriminate among variations in quality. What differences in resolution and dynamic range (bit-depth) can they see? Groups of art historians were asked to rate a series of displayed test images; the results show how participants’ responses compared with the actual range of image quality. Practical implications of viewers’ perceptions are discussed.
Considerations in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a consensus statement from Italian experts (2008)

The panel recommended that treatment should only be initiated in symptomatic patients. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with melphalan is the treatment of choice in patients younger than 65 yr, and induction therapy including new drugs seems the most suitable preparatory regimen before ASCT. In patients who fail to achieve at least a very good partial response (VGPR) after transplant, a consolidation with a second transplant is of clinical benefit. Also, there is evidence that maintenance with thalidomide after ASCT in young patients failing to reach at least VGPR could prolong survival. In elderly patients, the combination of an alkylating drug with a novel agent should be considered as standard approach. Relapsed MM should be retreated after the reappearance of symptoms and signs of organ and tissue damage. Salvage regimens should include corticosteroids plus bortezomib, thalidomide or lenalidomide.
Calf spleen purine nucleoside phosphorylase: purification, sequence and crystal structure of its complex with an <i>N</i>(7)‐acycloguanosine inhibitor (1995)

Calf spleen purine nucleoside phosphorylase was purified to homogeneity and its amino acid sequence was determined. The complex of the enzyme with an N(7)-acycloguanosine inhibitor crystallized in the cubic space group P2(1)3, with unit cell dimension a = 94.02 A and one monomer in the asymmetric crystal unit. The biologically active trimer is formed by the crystallographic three-fold axis. The structure was solved by molecular replacement methods, using the model of the human erythrocyte enzyme, and refined at a resolution of 2.9 A to an R-factor of 0.21. The orientation of the inhibitor at the active site is examined in relation to the catalytic activity of the enzyme in the phosphorolysis of N(7)-beta-D-purine nucleosides.
<title>Visible Infrared Mapping Spectrometer--visible channel (VIMS-V)</title> (1994)

The VIMS-V is a passive remote sensing instrument under development for the Italian Space Agency to perform high resolution spectral imaging in the optical waveband. Its unique design relies substantially on conventional materials and fabrication techniques to obtain high sensitivity and versatility in a compact, lightweight, and low power instrument suitable for deep space missions. The prototype will fly on the Cassini spacecraft and operate in unison with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's IR channel to map the surface spatial distribution of mineral and chemical species of Saturn, its rings, and its satellites.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Tethered Glycolipids as Vaccine Adjuvants (2015)

A Cu-mediated azide-alkyne click chemistry protocol was employed for the synthesis of a focused library of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl conjugates bearing various carbohydrate-steroid/triterpenoid entities. The immunogenicity of these compounds was examined initially by ex vivo assays. The lead compound 15g was further subjected to in vivo evaluation in BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin. These in vivo biological studies revealed an increase in B cell-mediated proliferation, higher expression levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ indicating Th1 activation, together with an enhanced OVA-specific antibody (IgG) response compared to alum, affirming adjuvanticity of these glycolipids. The primary indications of response skewed toward Th1 immunity induced by the new triazoyl analogs indicate the potential of these molecules for possible application as adjuvants.
Short-term Clinical Effects of Tolvaptan, an Oral Vasopressin Antagonist, in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure<SUBTITLE>The EVEREST Clinical Status Trials</SUBTITLE> (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00071331
A novel three-phase stepped-wave inverter using eight thyristors (1980)

The three-phase stepped-wave inverter is based on a new method of synthesizing waveforms. The proposed system comprises a 120° conduction type three-phase bridge inverter and a single-phase triple-frequency square-wave inverter. The triple-frequency inverter need for wave-shaping is of low power and is used in the neutral circuit of the three-phase inverter. A special complementary impulse commutation circuit realizes the above system with only eight thyristors. The output voltage waveform has three steps per quarter cycle and has a total harmonic distortion of 15.1%. The kVA ratings of the wound components are derived. The experimental results are presented and discussed.
Roles of Prostanoids Revealed From Studies Using Mice Lacking Specific Prostanoid Receptors (2000)

The actions of prostanoids in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions have been being examined using mice lacking different prostanoid receptors. Prostaglandin (PG) I2 worked not only as a mediator of inflammation but also as an antithrombotic agent. PGF2α was found to be an essential inducer of labor. Several important actions of PGE2 are exerted via each of the four PGE2 receptor subtypes: EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4. PGE2 participated in colon carcinogenesis via the EP1. PGE2 also participates in ovulation and fertilization and contributes to the control of blood pressure under high-salt intake via the EP2. PGE2 worked as a mediator of febrile responses to both endogenous and exogenous pyrogens and as a regulator of bicarbonate secretion induced by acid-stimulation in the duodenum via the EP3. It regulated the closure of ductus arteriosus and showed bone resorbing action via the EP4. PGD2 was found to be a mediator of allergic asthma. These studies have revealed important roles of prostanoids, some of which had not previously been known.