gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1 by endothelial cells in psoriasis and contact dermatitis. (1994)

Adhesion receptors on endothelial cells are considered to be important for cellular influx in tissue. In this regard, skin constitutes a specialised environment for migration of leukocytes during inflammation. Using immuno-enzymatic staining techniques, we compared the in situ expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and inflammatory infiltrates in both lesional and non-lesional biopsied skin from two immuno-inflammatory diseases, viz. psoriasis and contact dermatitis. The results were compared with those in skin specimens obtained from normal healthy individuals free from any history of skin disease. Our results show that ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 are upregulated in psoriatic non-lesional and lesional skin. On the other hand, in non-lesional biopsy from contact dermatitis patients, all three AR molecules are sparsely present, similar to the situation in normal skin although they are overtly expressed in the lesional sites. Moreover, VCAM-1 was found to be significantly increased on endothelial cells in the lesional sites of contact dermatitis as compared with biopsied psoriatic specimens. Interestingly VCAM-1 was also found to be present on some T-cells and Langerhans cells in contact dermatitis alone. The present data suggest that in different inflammatory dermatitis, varying adhesion receptor-ligand interactions involving endothelial cells and leukocytes are involved, which may be due to the differing cytokine profiles of perivascularly located T-cells.
Role of NF‐κB in epithelial biology (2012)

Since its discovery, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been recognized as a critical regulator of immune responses. While early studies focused on studying the role of NF-κB in the development and function of immune cells, more recently the function of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB pathway in non-immune cells has gained increased attention. Studies in genetic mouse models were instrumental in dissecting the cell-specific functions of NF-κB and provided experimental evidence that NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells is important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis in barrier tissues such as the skin and the intestine. Increased activation of IKK/NF-κB triggered cytokine expression by the epithelial cells, resulting in exacerbated tissue inflammatory responses. NF-κB inhibition in keratinocytes triggered severe tumor necrosis factor-dependent skin inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia, while inhibition of IKK/NF-κB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells disturbed the intestinal barrier and triggered severe chronic colon inflammation. Therefore, epithelial NF-κB signaling performs critical 'peace keeping' functions in barrier tissues at the interface with the environment by regulating cell survival, barrier integrity, and the immunological and anti-microbial responses of epithelial cells. Improved understanding of epithelial NF-κB functions may hold the key for elucidating the etiology and pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases in epithelial tissues.
Mainstream End-tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (1998)

End-tidal CO2 monitoring in NICU patients is as accurate as capillary or transcutaneous monitoring but less precise than the latter. It may be useful for trending or for screening patients for abnormal arterial CO2 values.
ON THE COOPERATIVITY OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Characterizing Driving Context from Driver Behavior (2017)

Because of the increasing availability of spatiotemporal data, a variety of data-analytic applications have become possible. Characterizing driving context, where context may be thought of as a combination of location and time, is a new challenging application. An example of such a characterization is finding the correlation between driving behavior and traffic conditions. This contextual information enables analysts to validate observation-based hypotheses about the driving of an individual. In this paper, we present DriveContext, a novel framework to find the characteristics of a context, by extracting significant driving patterns (e.g., a slow-down), and then identifying the set of potential causes behind patterns (e.g., traffic congestion). Our experimental results confirm the feasibility of the framework in identifying meaningful driving patterns, with improvements in comparison with the state-of-the-art. We also demonstrate how the framework derives interesting characteristics for different contexts, through real-world examples.
Milk delivery costs and pricing: Adequacy in reflecting cost differences, simplicity in both application and enforcement vital factors in pricing systems (1955)

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Tungsten Carbide as Catalyst for Liquid (aqueous) Phase Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation (1973)

Article Tungsten Carbide as Catalyst for Liquid (aqueous) Phase Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation was published on February 1, 1973 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 83, issue 5_6).
Formal Synthesis of (–)-Oseltamivir Phosphate (2012)

The formal synthesis of (–)-oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu<sc> <sup>tm</sup> </sc>) was accomplished starting from (<i>S</i>)-pyroglutamic acid. The synthesis comprised two carbon–carbon bond forming reactions, the first one being a diastereoselective, indium-mediated allylation of a pyroglutamic aldehyde derivative. However, attempts to effect the second carbon–carbon bond formation – cyclohexene ring closure – using an enol-<i>exo</i> aldolization of a dialdehyde resulted in the formation of a product with the opposite regioselectivity. This shortcoming could be overcome by using a reaction sequence of Mannich methylenation/ring-closing metathesis, which provided the desired regioisomer in high yield.
THE GENETICS OF BACTERIAL SPORE GERMINATION (1990)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
SVM-BiLSTM: A Fault Detection Method for the Gas Station IoT System Based on Deep Learning (2020)

In this article, a bi-directional long-short term memory (BiLSTM) network algorithm combined with a support vector machine (SVM), SVM-BiLSTM, is proposed to detect faults in the Gas Station Internet of Things (GS-IoT) system. The operational process data in the GS-IoT System, which is collected from the edge of the IoT gateways, is compared with the human emotional reaction behavioral mechanism data. A word segmentation method is invented to map the collected data to a low dimensional space, which makes the data processing relatively easier while retaining the intrinsic information of the data. In order to deal with a certain correlation among the data of the GS-IoT system, the BiLSTM algorithm is used to analyze the abnormal data and find types of faults. Since the structure of the BiLSTM is complex and its calculation is slow, we design a novel method which leverages SVM to increase the detection efficiency. We also compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Knowledge-Based System (KBS), pure SVM and BiLSTM. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to detect faults with more efficiency and accuracy in the GS-IoT system.
Lung T Lymphocyte Trafficking and Activation during Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (2012)

Despite advances in renal replacement therapy, the mortality rate for acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unacceptably high, likely owing to extrarenal organ dysfunction. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) activates cellular and soluble mediators that facilitate organ crosstalk and induce caspase-dependent lung apoptosis and injury through a TNFR1-dependent pathway. Given that T lymphocytes mediate local IRI in the kidney and are known to drive TNFR1-mediated apoptosis, we hypothesized that T lymphocytes activated during kidney IRI would traffic to the lung and mediate pulmonary apoptosis during AKI. In an established murine model of kidney IRI, we identified trafficking of CD3+ T lymphocytes to the lung during kidney IRI by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. T lymphocytes were primarily of the CD3+CD8+ phenotype; however, both CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed CD69 and CD25 activation markers during ischemic AKI. The activated lung T lymphocytes did not demonstrate an increased expression of intracellular TNF-α or surface TNFR1. Kidney IRI induced pulmonary apoptosis measured by caspase-3 activation in wild-type controls, but not in T cell-deficient (T(nu/nu)) mice. Adoptive transfer of murine wild-type T lymphocytes into T(nu/nu) mice restored the injury phenotype with increased cellular apoptosis and lung microvascular barrier dysfunction, suggesting that ischemic AKI-induced pulmonary apoptosis is T cell dependent. Kidney-lung crosstalk during AKI represents a complex biological process, and although T lymphocytes appear to serve a prominent role in the interorgan effects of AKI, further experiments are necessary to elucidate the specific role of activated T cells in modulating pulmonary apoptosis.
Ultralow-power nonlinear optics using tapered optical fibers in metastable xenon (2013)

We demonstrate nanowatt-level saturated absorption using a subwavelength diameter tapered optical fiber (TOF) suspended in a gas of metastable xenon atoms. This ultralow-power nonlinearity is enabled by a small optical mode area propagating over a relatively long distance through the Xe gas. The use of inert noble gases in these kinds of TOF experiments may offer practical advantages over the use of reactive alkali-metal vapors, such as rubidium.
Secondary ion-molecule reactions in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (2000)

Ion-molecule charge- and proton-transfer reactions in the desorption plume are considered for the case of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) with ultraviolet laser excitation, and it is proposed that they are major determinants of the observed mass spectrum. Specific MALDI phenomena which are discussed include the dominance of singly charged ions and analyte-matrix or analyte-analyte signal suppression. Should any be formed, highly charged products can be reduced by reaction with neutral matrix, yet singly charged ions cannot generally be neutralized in the same manner. Ion suppression effects can also be explained by similar reactions, which in some cases involve interconversion of dissimilar ion types. The plume is proposed often to be more under thermodynamic rather than kinetic control owing to these secondary reactions. UV/MALDI mass spectra should therefore be largely predictable, given sufficient thermodynamic information, and appropriate experimental conditions of sufficient analyte and plume density. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Asphalt Binder Properties and Non-Load Related Cracking (2011)

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate if there was any potential relationship between asphalt binder properties and non-load related cracking, as part of a research project involving airfield asphalt pavements. The objective of the research was to identify one or more parameters that could be easily determined by testing that would allow an airport manager to monitor the loss of durability experienced with aging and to use the information to evaluate when the airfield asphalt pavement would need preventative maintenance to minimize the effects of non-load associated cracking. Three asphalt binders were selected representing different expected aging characteristics, in the laboratory study. Testing was conducted on asphalt binders in their unaged condition, as well as on asphalt binders that had undergone long-term aging in the Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) at 100C and 2.1 MPa pressure for 20, 40, and 80 hours. The purpose of the longer PAV aging times was not to correlate with any expected service life, but simply to create a more highly-aged sample. Past research suggested some relationship between ductility (conducted at an intermediate temperature) and the durability of an asphalt pavement. Using ductility as the hypothesized property related to flexibility, two parameters were identified that related well to ductility and the expected loss of flexibility with aging. The first is a parameter suggested by other researchers—G′/(η′/G′)—as determined using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The second is a parameter that quantifies the difference in continuous grade temperature for stiffness and relaxation properties—referred to in the paper as ΔTc. In both cases, the parameters appear to quantify the loss of relaxation properties as an asphalt binder ages. Limited field testing from three general aviation airports generally confirmed the findings from the lab study, with the newer pavements having values of G′/(η′/G′) and ΔTc that displayed more flexibility and less aging than the older pavements. Based on the study results, values were determined for both parameters that could provide an indication of a loss of durability that could result in a greater risk of non-load associated cracking.
Robust receding horizon control of constrained nonlinear systems (1993)

We present a method for the construction of a robust dual-mode, receding horizon controller which can be employed for a wide class of nonlinear systems with state and control constraints and model error. The controller is dual-mode. In a neighborhood of the origin, the control action is generated by a linear feedback controller designed for the linearized system. Outside this neighborhood, receding horizon control is employed. Existing receding horizon controllers for nonlinear, continuous time systems, which are guaranteed to stabilize the nonlinear system to which they are applied, require the exact solution, at every instant, of an optimal control problem with terminal equality constraints. These requirements are considerably relaxed in the dual-mode receding horizon controller presented in this paper. Stability is achieved by imposing a terminal inequality, rather than an equality, constraint. Only approximate minimization is required. A variable time horizon is permitted. Robustness is achieved by employing conservative state and stability constraint sets, thereby permitting a margin of error. The resultant dual-mode controller requires considerably less online computation than existing receding horizon controllers for nonlinear, constrained systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extensive Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Albicidin's C‐Terminal Dipeptidic <i>p</i>‐Aminobenzoic Acid Moiety (2019)

Albicidin is a recently described natural product that strongly inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. The pronounced activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, turns it into a promising lead structure for an antibacterial drug. Hence, structure-activity relationship studies are key for the in-depth understanding of structural features/moieties affecting gyrase inhibition, antibacterial activity and overcoming resistance. The 27 newly synthesized albicidins give profound insights into possibilities for variations of the C-terminus. Furthermore, in the present study, a novel derivative has been identified as overcoming resistance posed by the Klebsiella-protease AlbD. Structural modifications include, for example, azahistidine replacing the previous instable cyanoalanine as the central amino acid, as well as a triazole amide bond isostere between building blocks D and E.
Hepatic malonyl-CoA levels of fed, fasted and diabetic rats as measured using a simple radioisotopic assay. (1978)

A simple radioisotopic assay for malonyl-CoA is described. The method is based on the malonyl-CoA-dependent incorporation of labeled acetyl-CoA into palmitic acid catalyzed by fatty acid synthetase in the presence of NADPH. Its main advantages over the more conventional spectrophotometric procedure is that it is extremely sensitive and allows the simultaneous determination of picomole quantities of malonyl-CoA in multiple tissue extracts. It should prove particularly suitable for studies on the regulation of lipid metabolism in isolated hepatocytes where the quantity of tissue available for analysis is frequently very small. Application of the method to the measurement of malonyl-CoA in livers from fed, fasted, and diabetic rats yielded values that were consistent with the recently postulated role of malonyl-CoA in the regulation of hepatic ketone body production.
Coaxial percutaneous biopsy technique with automated biopsy devices: value in improving accuracy and negative predictive value. (1993)

Three hundred percutaneous biopsies were performed in 267 consecutive patients by means of a coaxial technique with use of 18- and 20-gauge automated cutting biopsy devices and 22-gauge aspiration needles. Thoracic, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, adrenal, splenic, retroperitoneal, and musculoskeletal soft-tissue masses were sampled. For malignant masses (229 cases), the sensitivity was 79% for cytologic analysis, 88% for histologic analysis, and 92% for both combined. In benign disease (71 cases), a correct specific diagnosis was made with cytologic analysis in 38%, with histologic analysis in 97%, and with both combined in 97%. The negative predictive value was 60% for cytologic analysis, 72% for histologic analysis, and 80% for both combined. When only cancer-negative results in which a specific benign diagnosis was made were considered, the negative predictive value was 100% for cytologic analysis, 97% for histologic analysis, and 97% for both combined. The positive predictive value was 100% for both cytologic and histologic analysis. Bleeding complications occurred in 3% of biopsies, including in one patient who died.
Degradation Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermosensitive Polyacrylamides Containing Lactic Acid Side Chains (2003)

Diblock copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide lactate) (poly(NIPAAm-co-HPMAm-lactate)) as a thermosensitive block and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a hydrophilic block form polymeric micelles above the cloud point (CP) of the temperature-sensitive block. Destabilization of these micelles occurs upon hydrolysis of the lactate side chains. Here we report on the degradation kinetics of the HPMAm-mono(di)lactate monomers and their copolymers with NIPAAm. The degradation of the monomers and polymers in their soluble state (thus below their CP) followed normal ester hydrolysis behavior: the degradation rate increased with temperature, pH (from pH 7.5 to 11), and dielectric constant of the medium. Above the CP, where the polymers are in a precipitated state, a significant retardation of the polymer degradation occurred due to a decrease of dielectric constant of the local environment of the precipitated polymer. This study shows that it is possible to predict the rate of formation of HPMAm in NIPAAm-co-HPMAm-lactate copolymers which results in an increase of the overall hydrophilicity of the polymers and destabilization of polymeric micelles based on poly(NIPAAm-co-HPMAm-lactate).
Hylaform: A New Hyaluronic Acid Filler (2004)

Hylaform is a new facial filler composed of hyaluronic acid. Hylaform is derived from an avian source, and is a clear gel substance. Skin testing is not necessary, although rare allergic reactions can occur form the avian protein content. Hylaform is injected into the dermis to add volume and provide a rapid correction of facial contour defects. It works particularly well in wrinkles, grooves, and thin lips deflated from aging changes.
Similarities and Differences in the Optical Response of Perylene‐Based Hetero‐Bichromophores and Their Monomeric Units (2013)

The linear and nonlinear optical response of molecular hetero-dimers and their composing perylene units is explored with fluorometry, steady-state and transient absorption, and coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Supported by a Förster theory approach and ab initio calculations, we disclose the photoinduced dynamics comprising excitonic coupling, conformational changes, charge transfer, and relaxation dynamics. The influence of the actual orientation of the two chromophore units on these processes is investigated by employing two bichromophores built of the same monomeric units but linked differently.
Sensitivity and specificity of an eye movement tracking-based biomarker for concussion (2015)

If one defines concussion based on history, examination, radiographic and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 criteria, it is possible to generate an eye tracking based biomarker that enables detection of concussion with reasonably high sensitivity and specificity.
Time-domain modeling of composite arrays for underwater imaging (1994)

Time-domain, finite element simulations are used to explore some design issues and the practical modeling envelope for 1-3 composite arrays in underwater pulse-echo imaging transducers. This provides a relatively new perspective on the design problem via large-scale 2D and 3D transient simulations that include many piezoelectric pillars within the composite. Cross-talk from a prototype 150 kHz array is modeled and compared to data Some of the composite slab's dispersion behavior is derived from its impulse response and used to interpret cross-talk. Numerical experiments on a 500 kHz design demonstrate effect of pillar taper and distribution-freedoms offered by injection molding. Fourier optics manipulation of the projected acoustic field is illustrated. These studies support an ongoing design and fabrication collaboration under the aegis of United States and Commonwealth naval agencies
Real-time Recognition of Facial Expression using Active Appearance Model with Second Order Minimization and Neural Network (2006)

This paper proposes a technique for real-time recognition of facial expression which uses the active appearance model (AAM) with a second order minimization and a neural network. The second order minimization gives the ability of correct convergence with a little loss of frame rate to AAM. And the correctly extracted facial shape with AAM prevents the recognition of facial expression from undergoing a large error. In addition, high dimensional feature vectors of six facial expressions which consist of facial shape and texture can be dealt by the multi-layer perceptron, a type of the neural network, with a very high recognition rate of over 99%.