gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase and Property Studies of Boron Carbide–Boron Nitride Composites (1992)

Boron carbide–boron nitride particulate composites were fabricated by vacuum hot‐pressing. Near‐theoretical densities of B 4 C were obtained, but percent theoretical densities decreased with increasing amounts of BN. The grain size of B 4 C and BN was not affected by composition, but the amount of twinning in B 4 C decreased with increasing BN content. No third phase was found at the B 4 C–BN interface by analytical STEM analysis. Lattice parameter measurements indicated slight solubility of B 4 C in BN, but no solubility of BN in B 4 C for samples hot‐pressed at 2250°C. Room‐temperature flexural strength measurements revealed a sharply decreasing strength with increasing BN content up to 40% BN, and then relatively constant values with greater amounts of BN.
Studies on Fungicides. XXI. Reaction of Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate with Thioureas (1973)

The reaction of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with thioureas was re-investigated to examine the structure of the products previously recorded in several papers without definite evidence. By chemical reactions and spectroscopic data the five-membered structure, 2-imino-4-thiazolidone (II), was given to the products, contrary to the previously proposed six-membered structure, 2, 3-dihydro-1, 3-thiazin-4-one.
Durch Hydroxid-Ionen ausgelöste Reaktionen unter Phasentransfer-Katalyse: Mechanismus und Anwendungen (1986)

Durch Anwendung der Phasentransfer-Katalyse werden viele organische Reaktionen bedeutend vereinfacht und erleichtert. Zu diesen Umsetzungen zählen Reaktionen mit Nucleophilen, speziell mit Anionen und Basen, in wäßrig-organischen Zweiphasensystemen. Sowohl im Laboratoriumsmaßstab als auch im technischen Maßstab setzt sich diese Arbeitsweise immer mehr durch. Ein überragender Vorteil ist die Verwendung von Basen in wäßriger Lösung bei Reaktionen, die traditionell mit starken Basen in nichtwäßrigen Medien durchgeführt wurden. Klassische Verfahren, die weitestgehende Wasserfreiheit, teure Lösungsmittel und gefährliche Basen (wie Metallhydride und Organometall-Reagentien) erfordern, werden jetzt oftmals durch Prozesse ersetzt, die mit wäßrigen Lösungen von Natrium- oder Kaliumhydroxid arbeiten (PTC/OH-Prozesse). Wenn auch die Reaktionsmechanismen im Detail noch umstritten sind, scheint die Kenntnis der mechanistischen Aspekte doch soweit fortgeschritten zu sein, daß wertvolle Anregungen für die Optimierung der PTC/OH-Prozesse gegeben werden können. Besonders wichtig ist der Katalysator. Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren sollten an jedem Laboratoriumsplatz zur Verfügung stehen, da sie außerordentlich viele organische Reaktionen effizient, bequem und sicher beschleunigen.
Compact light weight UHF arrays using long slot apertures (2006)

A wideband low profile phased array using long slot aperture was recently developed for radar and EW applications. A prototype UHF array with 4 x 8 (32) elements (1.12 m × 2.24 m × 23 cm) was built and tested for 150–600 MHz operation. Array patterns, gain, and cross-pol level were measured. Excellent performance was observed. The array is 23 cm thick, and it weighs 7 kg (2.8 kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Lossy loading material may be used to make it thinner, but this is believed to be the lightest and thinnest UHF array reported for wideband applications without gain penalty.
Drawing conclusions: perceptions of the New Zealand agricultural landscape (2011)

When I made the decision to finish my undergraduate education in New Zealand, I was barraged with comments about 'the beautiful natural landscapes', 'Oh you'll love the natural beauty' and 'They have such a diverse wild landscape'. However it was the aversion to comments about the agriculture which interested me. 'There are more sheep than people' is what I heard, yet where was the talk about the land which these sheep occupied? So began my quest, both as a landscape architect and as an artist, to record what there was to the New Zealand agricultural landscapes.
Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Alkylboranes via Formal Hydroboration of Terminal and 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes (2016)

Copper-catalyzed functionalization of terminal or 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron and methanol provides formal hydroboration products with exceptional regiocontrol favoring the branched isomer. Pairing this procedure with photocatalytic cross-couplings using iridium and nickel cocatalysis provides an effective, highly regioselective procedure for the hydroarylation of terminal alkenes.
On Minimizing a Convex Function Subject to Linear Inequalities (1955)

Summary The minimization of a convex function of variables subject to linear inequalities is discussed briefly in general terms. Dantzig’s Simplex Method is extended to yield finite algorithms for minimizing either a convex quadratic function or the sum of the t largest of a set of linear functions, and the solution of a generalization of the latter problem is indicated. In the last two sections a form of linear programming with random variables as coefficients is described, and shown to involve the minimization of a convex function.
Autostereoscopic 3-D imaging systems for telecommunications applications (1992)

The authors describe a range of potential telecommunications applications for autostereoscopic 3D imaging systems. These are glasses free systems which use view determining screens, either parallax barriers or lenticular sheets. The applications include hardcopy still images, videotelephones and videoconferencing. The authors are constructing demonstrators to investigate the technical feasibility of such 3D applications. Their approach utilises view determining screens to produce autostereoscopic 3D images. They have designed a measurement system that tests the imaging quality of the view determining screen. This has been used to check results obtained with modelled performance derived from theory. Excellent agreement with theory has been achieved for the parallax barrier. Issues regarding these 3D systems demonstrators have been discussed and analysed.
Intelligent mobile IPv6 handover with multiple pre-registrations and late tunneling (2008)

In the IETFpsilas FMIPv6 protocol, if a prediction about a mobile node movement is incorrect, both large handover latency and packet loss may result. In this letter, we have proposed an intelligent mobile IPv6 handover scheme, called IMIPv6, which can remedy the above limitations of the FMIPv6. In the IMIPv6, multiple pre-registrations of CoAs, intelligent movement detection and late tunneling are employed to reduce handover latency and to eliminate packet loss. The simulation results show that the IMIPv6 can drastically reduce the handover latency, while eliminating packet loss.
Einsatz von Trt‐ und Fmoc‐Gruppen zum Schutz polyfunktioneller α‐Aminosäuren (1987)

Abstract Es werden einfache Methoden zur Darstellung von Ditrityl‐Aminosäuren 3 und ihre Anwendung zur Synthese der Peptide 9–27 beschrieben. Selektive N α ‐Detritylierung wird bei 3 und bei den synthetisierten Ditrityl‐Peptiden durch Einwirkung von 1proz. Trifluoressigsäure in Dichlormethan erzielt. Die an der Seitenkette detritylierten Aminosäuren 5 lassen sich unter Schotten‐Baumann‐Bedingungen durch Reaktion mit Fluorenylmethylchlorformat in die entsprechenden Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐Aminosäuren 6 überführen.
Flexible and insulative Plasmalene wire coatings for biomedical applications. (1993)

A novel polymeric material, Plasmalene, was synthesized and tested as a functional hermetic polymer coating on Gold, Platinum, and MP35N wire substrates. The flexible Plasmalene polymer coatings were synthesized onto wire substrates by vacuum processes which included radio frequency (RF) initiated plasma polymerization and thermal vapor deposition of methane and xylylene monomers. Mechanical and electrical tests were performed on 75 micron wires coated with either Plasmalene, Parylene, or Teflon polymers. The coated wire substrates were mounted on a flex testing machine that was submerged in a saline bath. A +5VDC electrical bias was continuously applied between the wire substrates and the bath. The flex testing machine mechanically stressed the coatings for 50,000 cycles with tensile and compressive loadings of up to 11% strain. The cyclic strain was applied through a total flexural arc of 170 degrees. Electrical leakage currents were measured through the polymer films to the saline bath at +5VDC versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Analysis of the leakage current data for the Parylene and Teflon coated wires indicated that there was a significant (alpha = 0.05) increase, up to microampere levels, in leakage currents through the films as a result of repeated cyclic stressing. Plasmalene coated wires showed no significant increase in initial picoampere leakage currents with cycling and therefore, demonstrated that a superior insulative and mechanically durable film can be synthesized as a wire encapsulant.
Troglitazone: an antidiabetic agent (1998)

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of troglitazone are reviewed. Troglitazone is the first oral thiazolidinedione approved for use in treating non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The drug's mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Troglitazone acts as an insulin sensitizer. Cell-line and animal models indicate that troglitazone may decrease hepatic glucose output by decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis in the liver or by increasing glycolysis. Troglitazone is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak concentration occurring in two to three hours. Food increases absorption by 30-85%. The drug is extensively metabolized in the liver. Troglitazone has been shown to be efficacious in treating NIDDM, both as monotherapy and in combination with oral sulfonylureas. Patients who are obese or who have high fasting plasma insulin levels may derive the greatest benefit. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance, syndrome X, polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, or Werner's syndrome may also benefit from troglitazone. Adverse effects, including hematologic abnormalities, liver toxicity, and hypoglycemia, have been rare in published trials; no life-threatening effects have been reported thus far. The recommended initial dosage is 200 mg once daily with meals, with an increase to 400 mg daily if satisfactory glycemic control is not achieved after two to four weeks. The average wholesale price is $348 for 100 200-mg tablets and $534 for 100 400-mg tablets. Troglitazone may be an effective agent for treating NIDDM, especially in patients who are obese or who have high fasting plasma insulin levels.
Enhanced prioritization for video streaming over wireless home networks with IEEE 802.11e (2011)

Cyclic intra refresh is able to mitigate temporal error propagation. This paper exploits the unequal error sensitivity introduced within individual video frames when using a cyclic intra refresh line of macroblocks. Slice-level priority is proposed based on the relative position of a slice with respect to the intra refresh line. Two in-frame prioritization schemes are investigated: a region-based priority assignment and a packet-based priority assignment. The region-based scheme assigns packet priorities in the order of bitstream arrival to the packetizer, whereas the packet-based scheme assigns priorities within regions and does not follow bitstream arrival order to the packetizer. The proposed schemes do not add any bitrate or computational overheads and no decoder modification is required. Simulation results for streaming high-definition video over a quality-of-service enabled home wireless network show that the packet-based scheme can achieve quality gains up to 3 dB over sending video without applying priorities.
Binding of organic solutes to poly(crown ethers) in water (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of organic solutes to poly(crown ethers) in waterLok-Hei Wong and Johannes SmidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 17, 5637–5642Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00459a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00459a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulfenic Acid Formation in Human Serum Albumin by Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxynitrite (2003)

Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, has been proposed to have an antioxidant role. The main feature responsible for this property is its only thiol, Cys34, which comprises approximately 80% of the total free thiols in plasma and reacts preferentially with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Herein, we show that the thiol in HSA reacted with hydrogen peroxide with a second-order rate constant of 2.26 M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C and a 1:1 stoichiometry. The formation of intermolecular disulfide dimers was not observed, suggesting that the thiol was being oxidized beyond the disulfide. With the reagent 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol (NBD-Cl), we were able to detect the formation of sulfenic acid (HSA-SOH) from the UV-vis spectra of its adduct. The formation of sulfenic acid in Cys34 was confirmed by mass spectrometry using 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (dimedone). Sulfenic acid was also formed from exposure of HSA to peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, in the absence or in the presence of carbon dioxide. The latter suggests that sulfenic acid can also be formed through free radical pathways since following reaction with carbon dioxide, peroxynitrite yields carbonate radical anion and nitrogen dioxide. Sulfenic acid in HSA was remarkably stable, with approximately 15% decaying after 2 h at 37 degrees C under aerobic conditions. The formation of glutathione disulfide and mixed HSA-glutathione disulfide was determined upon reaction of hydrogen peroxide-treated HSA with glutathione. Thus, HSA-SOH is proposed to serve as an intermediate in the formation of low molecular weight disulfides, which are the predominant plasma form of low molecular weight thiols, and in the formation of mixed HSA disulfides, which are present in approximately 25% of circulating HSA.
Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 9. Process Development for Catalytic Gasification of Algae Feedstocks (2012)

Through the use of a metal catalyst, gasification of wet algae slurries can be accomplished with high levels of carbon conversion to gas at relatively low temperature (350 °C). In a pressurized-water environment (20 MPa), near-total conversion of the organic structure of the algae to gases has been achieved in the presence of a supported ruthenium metal catalyst. The process is essentially steam reforming, as there is no added oxidizer or reagent other than water. In addition, the gas produced is a medium-heating value gas due to the synthesis of high levels of methane, as dictated by thermodynamic equilibrium. As opposed to earlier work, biomass trace components were removed by processing steps so that they did not cause processing difficulties in the fixed catalyst bed tubular reactor system. As a result, the algae feedstocks, even those with high ash contents, were much more reliably processed without plugging the feeding systems or the fixed catalyst bed. High conversions were obtained even with high slurry concentrations. Consistent catalyst operation in these short-term tests suggested good stability and minimal poisoning effects. High methane content in the product gas was noted with significant carbon dioxide captured in the aqueous byproduct in combination with alkali constituents and the ammonia byproduct derived from proteins in the algae. High conversion of algae to gas products was found with low levels of byproduct water contamination and low to moderate loss of carbon in the mineral separation step. Further development is required to demonstrate protection of the catalyst bed from sulfur poisoning.
Appetitive conditioning in neonatal rats: Conditioned orientation to a novel odor (1982)

These experiments document a form of early appetitive learning in rats obtained using classical conditioning procedures. Some of the special determinants of this conditioning are described, as well as ontogenetic changes in the effectiveness of training procedures. Learning was apparent when deprived 3- and 6-day old rats oriented to and maintained contact with a novel and normally aversive odor after this odor had been paired with oral infusions of milk (Experiment I). The effectiveness of the conditioning procedures depended on the temperature at which pups were trained (Experiment IB). Moreover, the reinforcing properties of milk infusions depended on deprivation (Experiment IC). This conditioned change in responsiveness to odor was specific to the odor that had been paired with milk (Experiment II) and was retained for at least 24 hr (Experiment III).
Cloud management (2011)

Abstract Cloud computing offers a number of benefits, such as elasticity with the perception of unlimited resources, self-service, on-demand, automation, etc. However, these benefits create new requirements for management of cloud computing. On the back-end, economic limitations dictate careful consolidation of servers with clear sustainability analysis; managed levels of abstractions are higher (from hardware, to VMs, to services); and reliability, availability, and supportability are built into higher levels of systems and services. On the client-side, cloud services have to be easy to use/manage, perform well, and be reliable. On both sides, geographical distribution and its implications on business continuity is a rule rather than exception; scalability is built-in by design; and QoS is still being defined. In this paper, we discuss new requirements and approaches to cloud management. We present a few examples of cloud management for private, public, and HPC clouds. Based on these, we derive conclusions about manageability of current platforms and then make predictions about the research challenges of future cloud management. We expect these findings to help designers of next generation hardware and software platforms to develop more manageable systems and solutions.
Phase Analysis Studies on the Titanium-Oxygen System. (1957)

The titanium--oxygen system has been studied by means of x-ray powder photographs of preparations quenched after annealing at various temperatures. A number of phases not previously described has been observed, viz., Ti/sub 2/O, TiO (low-temperature modification), Ti/sub 4/O/sub 7/, Ti/sub 5/O/su b 9/, Ti/sub 6/O/sub 11/, Ti/sub 7/O/sub 13/, Ti/sub 8/O/sub 15/, Ti/sub 9/O/sub 17/, and Ti/ sub 10/O/sub 19/. The extensions of the homogeneity ranges have been determined for the phases with variable composition. (auth)
Boronic Acids in Saccharide Recognition (2006)

The desire to quantify the presence of analytes within diverse physiological, environmental and industrial systems has led to the development of many novel detection methods. In this arena, saccharide analysis has exploited the pair-wise interaction between boronic acids and saccharides. Boronic Acids in Saccharide Recognition provides a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the current developments in this field. It also assesses the potential of this innovative approach, outlining future lines of research and possible applications. Topics include: the molecular recognition of saccharides, the complexation of boronic acids with saccharides, fluorescent sensors and the modular construct of fluorescent sensors, further sensory systems for saccharide recognition and an extensive bibliography. This high level book is ideal for researchers both academic and industrial who require a comprehensive overview of the subject.
Image understanding environments (1988)

The organization and the functional components of software environments that have been developed for image understanding (IU) are described. The basic components of general IU environments are detailed with respect to representations, programming constructs, system-specific databases and user interfaces. How these components have been realized in different systems through examples and possible developments in the near future are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy amplification in channel flows of viscoelastic fluids (2008)

Energy amplification in channel flows of Oldroyd-B fluids is studied from an input–output point of view by analysing the ensemble-average energy density associated with the velocity field of the linearized governing equations. The inputs consist of spatially distributed and temporally varying body forces that are harmonic in the streamwise and spanwise directions and stochastic in the wall-normal direction and in time. Such inputs enable the use of powerful tools from linear systems theory that have recently been applied to analyse Newtonian fluid flows. It is found that the energy density increases with a decrease in viscosity ratio (ratio of solvent viscosity to total viscosity) and an increase in Reynolds number and elasticity number. In most of the cases, streamwise-constant perturbations are most amplified and the location of maximum energy density shifts to higher spanwise wavenumbers with an increase in Reynolds number and elasticity number and a decrease in viscosity ratio. For similar parameter values, the maximum in the energy density occurs at a higher spanwise wavenumber for Poiseuille flow, whereas the maximum energy density achieves larger maxima for Couette flow. At low Reynolds numbers, the energy density decreases monotonically when the elasticity number is sufficiently small, but shows a maximum when the elasticity number becomes sufficiently large, suggesting that elasticity can amplify disturbances even when inertial effects are weak.