gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear (2020)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The omicron variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in November 2021 in Botswana and South Africa. Omicron has evolved multiple mutations within the spike protein and the receptor binding domain (RBD), raising concerns of increased antibody evasion. Here, we isolated infectious omicron from a clinical specimen obtained in Canada. The neutralizing activity of sera from 65 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine recipients and convalescent individuals against clinical isolates of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, beta, delta, and omicron VOCs was assessed. Convalescent sera from unvaccinated individuals infected by the ancestral virus during the first wave of COVID-19 in Canada (July, 2020) demonstrated reduced neutralization against beta and omicron VOCs. Convalescent sera from unvaccinated individuals infected by the delta variant (May-June, 2021) neutralized omicron to significantly lower levels compared to the delta variant. Sera from individuals that received three doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines demonstrated reduced neutralization of the omicron variant relative to ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Sera from individuals that were naturally infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine induced significantly higher neutralizing antibody levels against ancestral virus and all VOCs. Importantly, infection alone, either with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 or the delta variant was not sufficient to induce high neutralizing antibody titers against omicron. This data will inform current booster vaccination strategies, and we highlight the need for additional studies to identify longevity of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and optimal neutralizing antibody levels that are necessary to prevent infection and/or severe COVID-19.
Silole-Incorporated Polysilanes<sup>1</sup><sup>a</sup> (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSilole-Incorporated Polysilanes1aTakanobu Sanji, Takahiro Sakai, Chizuko Kabuto, and Hideki SakuraiView Author Information Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 18, 4552–4553Publication Date (Web):April 23, 1998Publication History Received16 September 1997Published online23 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973252hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973252hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views582Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Allyl group,Anions,Polymers,Ring-opening polymerization,Silicon Get e-Alerts
Lab-in-a-tube: ultracompact components for on-chip capture and detection of individual micro-/nanoorganisms (2012)

A review of present and future on-chip rolled-up devices, which can be used to develop lab-in-a-tube total analysis systems, is presented. Lab-in-a-tube is the integration of numerous rolled-up components into a single device constituting a microsystem of hundreds/thousands of independent units on a chip, each individually capable of sorting, detecting and analyzing singular organisms. Such a system allows for a scale-down of biosensing systems, while at the same time increasing the data collection through a large, smart array of individual biosensors. A close look at these ultracompact components which have been developed over the past decade is given. Methods for the capture of biomaterial are laid out and progress of cell culturing in three-dimensional scaffolding is detailed. Rolled-up optical sensors based on photoluminescence, optomechanics, optofluidics and metamaterials are presented. Magnetic sensors are introduced as well as electrical components including heating, energy storage and resistor devices.
Preparation of polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(phenylene oxide) with different side chain lengths of phosphonic acid (2019)

ABSTRACT A series of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) polymers bearing phosphonic acid groups on the methyl group and on the phenyl ring are synthesized as membrane materials for fuel cell applications. These phosphonic acid‐based PPO membranes exhibited high chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and good proton conductivity even under low humidity condition. Among the membranes, the one in which the phosphonic acid moiety is attached to the polymer main chain with CO(CH 2 ) 5  shows highest proton conductivity under overall conditions even though it has the lowest water uptake and IEC value. A well‐defined separation of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases suggests the phosphonic acid groups to form proton conduction channels via interchain hydrogen bonding. A high storage modulus of the membranes in various temperature ranges indicates that the membranes are suitable for use under a high temperature and low humidity conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019
Graft interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane and epoxy. II. Toughening mechanism (1990)

Abstract Graft interpenetrating polymer networks (graft‐IPNs) of polyurethane (PU) and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (epoxy) were prepared by first grafting excess PU prepolymer to the epoxy and then simultaneously polymerizing the PU prepolymer and epoxy. The fracture properties, at high shear rate (e.g., impact) and low shear rate (e.g., pseudostatic tensile fracture energy measurement) of these graft‐IPNs exhibit opposite behavior. Although dispersed rubber particles can enhance the Izod impact strength, toughening of the matrix of graft‐IPNs was found to be the main contribution. In contrast, it was found that a heterogeneous morphology with suitably dispersed rubber domains of appropriate size as well as the toughness of the matrix are requirements for effectively increasing the fracture energy at low shear rate. A reinitiating crack in the plastic matrix is proposed as the main toughening mechanism and can be invoked to interpret the fracture behavior at high and low shear rates of the graft‐IPNs.
Combining literature text mining with microarray data: advances for system biology modeling (2011)

A huge amount of important biomedical information is hidden in the bulk of research articles in biomedical fields. At the same time, the publication of databases of biological information and of experimental datasets generated by high-throughput methods is in great expansion, and a wealth of annotated gene databases, chemical, genomic (including microarray datasets), clinical and other types of data repositories are now available on the Web. Thus a current challenge of bioinformatics is to develop targeted methods and tools that integrate scientific literature, biological databases and experimental data for reducing the time of database curation and for accessing evidence, either in the literature or in the datasets, useful for the analysis at hand. Under this scenario, this article reviews the knowledge discovery systems that fuse information from the literature, gathered by text mining, with microarray data for enriching the lists of down and upregulated genes with elements for biological understanding and for generating and validating new biological hypothesis. Finally, an easy to use and freely accessible tool, GeneWizard, that exploits text mining and microarray data fusion for supporting researchers in discovering gene-disease relationships is described.
A HOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRIC SPHERE AS A MICROWAVE LENS (1956)

A homogeneous dielectric sphere illuminated by a small external source of electromagnetic radiation will be free, because of its special symmetry, from all off-axis aberrations such as coma and astigmatism. If the only monochromatic aberration, namely spherical aberration, is not too excessive or if it is partially corrected by a suitably designed source, a sphere could be used for purposes of rapid scanning of a microwave beam through an angle of 360° of arc without moving the lens. This possibility was investigated by computations based on geometrical optics and on the diffraction theory of optical aberrations. The results suggest that a sphere of fairly small refractive index and less than about 30 wavelengths in diameter will produce a good diffraction image of a point source. Methods are also discussed of designing appropriate sources for use with larger spheres.
Localization of Salvinorin A and Related Compounds in Glandular Trichomes of the Psychoactive Sage, Salvia divinorum (2004)

Salvinorin A and related compounds are secreted as components of a complex resin that accumulates in the subcuticular space of peltate glandular trichomes.
From synthetic coiled coils to functional proteins: automated design of a receptor for the calmodulin-binding domain of calcineurin (1998)

A series of synthetic receptors capable of binding to the calmodulin-binding domain of calcineurin (CN393-414) was designed, synthesized and characterized. The design was accomplished by docking CN393-414 against a two-helix receptor, using an idealized three-stranded coiled coil as a starting geometry. The sequence of the receptor was chosen using a side-chain re-packing program, which employed a genetic algorithm to select potential binders from a total of 7.5x10(6) possible sequences. A total of 25 receptors were prepared, representing 13 sequences predicted by the algorithm as well as 12 related sequences that were not predicted. The receptors were characterized by CD spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and binding assays. The receptors predicted by the algorithm bound CN393-414 with apparent dissociation constants ranging from 0.2 microM to >50 microM. Many of the receptors that were not predicted by the algorithm also bound to CN393-414. Methods to circumvent this problem and to improve the automated design of functional proteins are discussed.
A Chloroplast-Targeted Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) Contributes to the Photoprotection and Repair of Photosystem II during and after Photoinhibition (1999)

Dark-grown Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures that were illuminated at low fluence rates before exposure to high-light conditions exhibited a faster rate of recovery from photoinhibition than did dark-grown cells that were directly exposed to photoinhibitory conditions. This pretreatment has been shown to induce the expression of several nuclear heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes, including HSP70B, encoding a chloroplast-localized chaperone. To investigate a possible role of plastidic HSP70B in photoprotection and repair of photosystem II, which is the major target of photoinhibition, we have constructed strains overexpressing or underexpressing HSP70B. The effect of light stress on photosystem II in nuclear transformants harboring HSP70B in the sense or antisense orientation was monitored by measuring variable fluorescence, flash-induced charge separation, and relative amounts of various photosystem II polypeptides. Underexpression of HSP70B caused an increased light sensitivity of photosystem II, whereas overexpression of HSP70B had a protective effect. Furthermore, the reactivation of photosystem II after photoinhibition was enhanced in the HSP70B-overexpressing strain when compared with the wild type, both in the presence or absence of synthesis of chloroplast-encoded proteins. Therefore, HSP70B may participate in vivo both in the molecular protection of the photosystem II reaction centers during photoinhibition and in the process of photosystem II repair.
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Zwischenferment). II. Homogeneity Measurements and Physical Properties of the Crystalline Apoenzyme from Yeast<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Zwischenferment). II. Homogeneity Measurements and Physical Properties of the Crystalline Apoenzyme from Yeast*Robert H. Yue, Ernst A. Noltmann, and Stephen A. KubyCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 4, 1174–1183Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00856a030https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00856a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic Trajectory Planner for StereoElectroEncephaloGraphy Procedures: A Retrospective Study (2012)

In StereoElectroEncephaloGraphy (SEEG) procedures, intracerebral electrodes are implanted in order to identify the epileptogenic zone in drug-resistant epileptic patients. This paper presents an automatic multitrajectory planner that computes the best trajectory in terms of distance from vessels and guiding screws angle, once the candidate entry and target regions are quickly and roughly defined. The planning process is designed also to spare some brain structures, such as cella media and trigone of the lateral ventricles and brain stem. The planner was retrospectively evaluated on 15 patients who had previously undergone SEEG investigation. Quantitative comparison was performed computing for each patient and for each electrode trajectory 1) the Euclidean distance from the closest vessel; 2) the trajectory incidence angle (guiding screws angle); and 3) the sulcality value. The automatic planner proved to satisfy the clinical requirements, planning safe trajectories in a clinical-compatible timeframe. Qualitative evaluation performed by three neurosurgeons showed that the automatically computed trajectories would have been accepted by them.
Layer Assignment Based on Depth Data Distribution for Multiview-Plus-Depth Scalable Video Coding (2011)

Three dimensional (3-D) video is experiencing a rapid growth in a number of areas, including 3-D cinema, 3-D TV, and mobile phones. Several problems must be addressed to display captured 3-D video at another location. One problem is how to represent the data. The multiview plus depth representation of a scene requires a lower bit rate than transmitting all views required by an application and provides more information than a 2-D-plus-depth sequence. Another problem is how to handle transmission in a heterogeneous network. Scalable video coding enables adaption of a 3-D video sequence to the conditions at the receiver. In this paper, we present a scheme that combines scalability based on the position in depth of the data and the distance to the center view. The general scheme preserves the center view data, whereas the data of the remaining views are extracted in enhancement layers depending on distance to the viewer and to the center camera. The data is assigned into enhancement layers within a view based on depth data distribution. Strategies concerning the layer assignment between adjacent views are proposed. In general, each extracted enhancement layer increases the visual quality and peak signal-to-noise ratio compared to only using center view data. The bit-rate per layer can be further decreased if depth data is distributed over the enhancement layers. The choice of strategy to assign layers between adjacent views depends on whether quality of the fore-most objects in the scene or the quality of the views close to the center is important.
Passive leg movement enhances interstitial VEGF protein, endothelial cell proliferation, and eNOS mRNA content in human skeletal muscle (2007)

The present study used passive limb movement as an experimental model to study the effect of increased blood flow and passive stretch, without enhanced metabolic demand, in young healthy male subjects. The model used was 90 min of passive movement of the leg leading to a 2.8-fold increase (P < 0.05) in blood flow without a significant enhancement in oxygen uptake. Muscle interstitial fluid was sampled with microdialysis technique and analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and for the effect on endothelial cell proliferation. Biopsies obtained from the musculus vastus lateralis were analyzed for mRNA content of VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). The passive leg movement caused an increase (P < 0.05) in interstitial VEGF protein concentration above rest (73 +/- 21 vs. 344 +/- 83 pg/ml). Addition of muscle dialysate to cultured endothelial cells revealed that dialysate obtained during leg movement induced a 3.2-fold higher proliferation rate (P < 0.05) than dialysate obtained at rest. Passive movement also enhanced (P < 0.05) the eNOS mRNA level fourfold above resting levels. VEGF mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA levels were unaffected. The results show that a session of passive leg movement, elevating blood flow and causing passive stretch, augments the interstitial concentrations of VEGF, the proliferative effect of interstitial fluid, and eNOS mRNA content in muscle tissue. We propose that enhanced blood flow and passive stretch are positive physiological stimulators of factors associated with capillary growth in human muscle.
Analysis of rRNA operons in Ureaplasma urealyticum. (1987)

Physical maps of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotypes I and IV were obtained by differential hybridization of DNA restriction fragments to probes derived from the Escherichia coli rrnB operon. Each of the organisms contained two rRNA operons with genes linked in the typical order 5'-16S-23S-5S-3'. There was no BclI site in either of the operons, but there were several internal HindIII and EcoRI sites showing significant heterogeneity in their respective position in both of the serotypes.
DISFUNCTION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IN DIABETES MELLITUS (1993)

The mechanisms for the development of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus are poorly understood. Summarized here are studies, which demonstrate that one possible mechanism lies in the fact that endothelial cell function is impaired. Endothelium-dependent relaxations of diabetic blood vessels or normal vessels exposed briefly to elevated glucose are abnormal, which suggests altered release or action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide or eicosanoids as a result of elevated glucose exposure. Aldose reductase, oxygen-derived free radicals, protein kinase C, Na + , K + -ATPase, and advanced glycosylation end products may be involved
Memory programming in CD8+ T-cell differentiation is intrinsic and is not determined by CD4 help (2015)

CD8(+) T cells activated without CD4(+) T-cell help are impaired in memory expansion. To understand the underlying cellular mechanism, here we track the dynamics of helper-deficient CD8(+) T-cell response to a minor histocompatibility antigen by phenotypic and in vivo imaging analyses. Helper-deficient CD8(+) T cells show reduced burst expansion, rapid peripheral egress, delayed antigen clearance and continuous activation, and are eventually exhausted. Contrary to the general consensus that CD4 help encodes memory programmes in CD8(+) T cells and helper-deficient CD8(+) T cells are abortive, these cells can differentiate into effectors and memory precursors. Importantly, accelerating antigen clearance or simply increasing the burst effector size enables generation of memory cells by CD8(+) T cells, regardless of CD4 help. These results suggest that the memory programme is CD8(+) T-cell-intrinsic, and provide insight into the role of CD4 help in CD8(+) T-cell responses.
A Green Approach to Ethyl Acetate: Quantitative Conversion of Ethanol through Direct Dehydrogenation in a Pd–Ag Membrane Reactor (2012)

Pincers do the trick: The conversion of ethanol to ethyl acetate and hydrogen was achieved using a pincer–Ru catalyst in a Pd–Ag membrane reactor. Near quantitative conversions and yields could be achieved without the need for acid or base promoters or hydrogen acceptors (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantum Key Distribution Highly Sensitive to Eavesdropping (2009)

We introduce a new quantum key distribution protocol that uses d-level quantum systems to encode an alphabet with c letters. It has the property that the error rate introduced by an intercept-and-resend attack tends to one as the numbers c and d increase. In dimension d=2, when the legitimate parties use a complete set of three mutually unbiased bases, the protocol achieves a quantum bit error rate of 57.1%. This represents a significant improvement over the 25% quantum bit error rate achieved in the BB84 protocol or 33% in the six-state protocol.