gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of coupling agents to enhance the performance of aramid reinforced composites (1978)

Abstract In view of the organic nature of aramid fiber and its ability to be combined with a number of polymer systems, fabric woven from that fiber has previously been used in an unfinished or scoured stale. However, this has resulted in a marked lack of adherence at the fiber‐resin interface that has considerably reduced compressive values in the composite; this is particularly evident when the composite is exposed to adverse aqueous environments. In order to overcome what appears to be the major deficiency in this fiber, a series of coupling agents has been developed which, when used in conjunction with a number of commercial resin systems, shows a marked improvement in interlaminar adhesion. The paper outlines the problem of using untreated fiber and establishes the area of responsibility for initial failure. It then shows how the correct use of coupling agents has overcome the interfacial adhesion problem and has enhanced the performance of aramid fiber reinforced composites.
Randomized Trial of Acupuncture for Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms (1998)

This form of electroacupuncture is no more effective than placebo in reducing nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Airport Perimeter Security: Where we've been, Where we are, and Where we're going (2008)

Perimeter security at an airport requires disparate sensors to operate in concert to detect intruders; track them; assess threats; coordinate responses; (for example, human responders for investigation, or door and gate closings); gather evidence for law enforcement prosecution; and coordinate responses between law enforcement agencies. At present, no one system accomplishes all these tasks. Our work and development has evolved a system that meets these needs. In this paper we describe that evolution and show where we've been in system development, how that past has shaped our present deployment of systems and how our current work will lead to a complete solution.
Material Property and Stress Field near Notch Tip in Steel Plate under High Electric Current (2018)

Under high electric current, the material property and stress field near the notch tip in the stainless steel plate have been investigated. Using the numerical and experimental methods, the electric current density, temperature, stress, grain image and micro hardness are obtained. Also, the melting and heat-affected zones at the notch tip are investigated. At the tip region, the hardness value improves and the compressive residual stress occurs. This result can reduce the stress level and prevent from the crack initiation when the plate is subjected to the tensile load.
Proposal to Elevate the Subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to Species Status, Based on Their Molecular Composition (1977)

It is proposed to confer species rank to the genetically distinct streptococci that have been considered subspecies of Streptococcus mutans Clarke: S. mutans subsp. rattus Coykendall, S. mutans subsp. cricetus Coykendall, and S. mutans subsp. sobrinus Coykendall. S. mutans is defined to exclude phenotypically similar bacteria that have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) guanine plus cytosine contents appreciably different from 36 to 38 mol% and/or that do not demonstrate DNA base-sequence homology with the type strain. Streptococci that resemble S. mutans but that are quite disparate in molecular constitution are here regarded as comprising four new species: S. rattus (Coykendall) comb. nov., S. cricetus (Coykendall) comb. nov., S. sobrinus (Coykendall) comb. nov., and S. ferus sp. nov. NCTC 10449 is here designated as the neotype strain of S. mutans. The type strains of S. rattus, S. cricetus, S. sobrinus, and S. ferus are FA1 (= ATCC 19645), HS6 (= ATCC 19642), SL1, and 8S1, respectively. Simple biochemical tests serve to identify most strains of all five species. Serological procedures are capable of differentiating most human isolates.
Overview of Protein Expression in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

Abstract This overview presents vectors and host strains that are available to direct gene expression in S. cerevisiae , including information on promoters, vector maintenance and copy number, transcription terminators, and selectable markers. Challenges to the expression of foreign proteins are also covered, including attainment of desired production yield, production of protein with appropriate post‐translational modifications, conformation and function, and secretion to the extracellular medium.
Fluoxetine is an effective treatment for neurotic excoriations: case report. (1993)

A fifteen-year-old girl with a two-year history of severe neurotic excoriations and an obsessive-compulsive disorder experienced a dramatic improvement of her neurotic excoriations after a six-week course of fluoxetine 20 mg per day. This is in contrast to most previously reported treatments, which typically were only moderately effective. The neurobiological basis for the efficacy of fluoxetine, an antidepressant that is a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of neurotic excoriations associated with an obsessive-compulsive disorder, is reviewed.
WNT5A-mediated  -catenin-independent signalling is a novel regulator of cancer cell metabolism (2013)

WNT5A has been identified as an important ligand in the malignant progression of a number of tumours. Although WNT5A signalling is often altered in cancer, the ligand's role as either a tumour suppressor or oncogene varies between tumour types and is a contemporary issue for investigators of β-catenin-independent WNT signalling in oncology. Here, we report that one of the initial effects of active WNT5A signalling in malignant melanoma cells is an alteration in cellular energy metabolism and specifically an increase in aerobic glycolysis. This was found to be at least in part due to an increase in active Akt signalling and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The clinical relevance of these findings was strengthened by a strong correlation (P < 0.001) between the expression of WNT5A and LDH isoform V in a cohort of melanocytic neoplasms. We also found effects of WNT5A on energy metabolism in breast cancer cells, but rather than promoting aerobic glycolysis as it does in melanoma, WNT5A signalling increased oxidative phosphorylation rates in breast cancer cells. These findings support a new role for WNT5A in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells that is a context- dependent event.
Effect of Cavity Length and Operating Parameters on the Optical Performance of Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N/ Al0.1In0.01Ga0.89N MQW Laser Diodes (2012)

In this chapter, we discuss the effects of the cavity length of the active region in quaternary Al 0.08 In 0.08 Ga 0.84 N/Al 0.1 In 0.01 Ga 0.89 N multiquantum-well (MQW) laser diodes (LD) on its performance. Semiconductor lasers emit coherent laser light with relatively small divergence and have long operating lifetimes because their very compact sizes can be easily integrated with a solid-state structure. They have very high efficiencies and need only a few milliwatts of power because they are cold light sources that operate at temperatures much lower than the equilibrium temperature of their emission spectra. The objective of the current study is to design the smallest possible semiconductor laser diode with good performance. The effects of various values of cavity length (ranging from 400-1200 nm) for Al 0.08 In 0.08 Ga 0.84 N/Al 0.1 In 0.01 Ga 0.89 N MQW LD on laser parameters are investigated, including internal quantum efficiency i , internal loss i , and transparency current density J 0 . High characteristic temperature and low transparency current of the Al 0.08 In 0.08 Ga 0.84 N/Al 0.1 In 0.01 Ga 0.89 N MQW LD was obtained at a cavity length of 400 m.
Bimodal size distribution influences on the variation of Angstrom derivatives in spectral and optical depth space (2001)

The variation of the aerosol optical depth and its first and second spectral derivatives (α and α′) can be largely described in terms of the spectral interaction between the individual optical components of a bimodal size distribution. Simple analytical expressions involving the separate optical components of each mode explain virtually all the features seen in spectra of the aerosol optical depth and its derivatives. Illustrations are given for a variety of measured optical depth spectra; these include comparative simulations of the diurnal behavior of α and α′ spectra as well as the diurnal and general statistical behavior of α and α′ as a function of optical depth (optical depth space). Each mode acts as a fixed “basis vector” from which much of the behavior in spectral and optical depth space can be generated by varying the extensive (number density dependent) contributions of fine and coarse mode optical depths. Departures from these basis vectors are caused by changes in aerosol type (average size and refractive index) and thus are associated with differing synoptical air masses, source trajectories or humidity conditions. Spectral parameters are very sensitive to interband errors in measured optical depth data. Third‐order polynomial fits within the visible‐NIR spectral region effectively filter such errors while representing the limit of useful extractable information.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New Alkaline Earth Imide: MgCa(NH)<sub>2</sub> (2006)

Abstract The ternary imide of MgCa(NH) 2 has been successfully synthesized for the first time by the mechanochemical reaction of Mg(NH 2 ) 2 and CaH 2 at a molar ratio of 1:1. It was found that ca. four H atoms were desorbed per Mg(NH 2 ) 2 ‐CaH 2 after 72 h of ball milling leaving a solid residue with the chemical composition of MgCa(NH) 2 . The solid residue exhibits an imide N–H stretching vibration at 3151 cm –1 and a cubic CaNH‐like structure. In addition, X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure examination at the Ca K ‐edge indicates that six N atoms occupy the first coordination shell of the Ca center in an anticipated octahedral geometry, and Ca(Mg) atoms occupy the second coordination shell. The distances of Ca–N and Ca–Ca(Mg) in the newly formed MgCa(NH) 2 structure calculated by ESDs are 2.46 and 3.47 Å, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Performance of Biomarkers FibroTest, ActiTest, SteatoTest, and NashTest in Patients with Severe Obesity: Meta Analysis of Individual Patient Data (2012)

In patients with severe obesity, a significant diagnostic performance of FibroTest, SteatoTest and ActiTest was observed for liver lesions.
Isolation of single osteons and osteon lamellae (1976)

Single human osteons were isolated by propagating fractures along their natural boundaries. Furthermore, decalcified osteons were mechanically manipulated to expose their interlamellar interfaces, making possible the study of collagen fibers by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Isolation of single osteons of a wide range of lengths, as described in this paper, makes possible for the first time the study of their mechanical properties in all possible modes. SEM studies of exposed lamellar interfaces reveal that collagen fiber orientations are more complex than previously suggested and suggest further studies in an effort to solve past controversies on collagen fiber orientations in human bone.
MR Imaging of Soft-Tissue Vascular Malformations: Diagnosis, Classification, and Therapy Follow-up (2011)

Vascular malformations and tumors comprise a wide, heterogeneous spectrum of lesions that often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Frequent use of an inaccurate nomenclature has led to considerable confusion. Since the treatment strategy depends on the type of vascular anomaly, correct diagnosis and classification are crucial. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most valuable modality for classification of vascular anomalies because it accurately demonstrates their extension and their anatomic relationship to adjacent structures. A comprehensive assessment of vascular anomalies requires functional analysis of the involved vessels. Dynamic time-resolved contrast material-enhanced MR angiography provides information about the hemodynamics of vascular anomalies and allows differentiation of high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations. Furthermore, MR imaging is useful in assessment of treatment success and establishment of a long-term management strategy. Radiologists should be familiar with the clinical and MR imaging features that aid in diagnosis of vascular anomalies and their proper classification. Furthermore, they should be familiar with MR imaging protocols optimized for evaluation of vascular anomalies and with their posttreatment appearances. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.315105213/-/DC1.
Mirror‐Like Photoconductive Layer‐by‐Layer Thin Films of Te Nanowires: The Fusion of Semiconductor, Metal, and Insulator Properties (2006)

Te nanowires made from stabilizer- depleted CdTe nanoparticles are assembled in thin films following a layer-by-layer assembly protocol. The thin film has a distinctively metallic mirror-like appearance and displays a strong photoconductance effect characteristic of narrow-bandgap semiconductors. In situ reduction of gold results in the formation of Au nanoparticles adhering to Te nanowires, which leads to the disappearance of photoconductivity of the Te thin film. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1465_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Usefulness of the endotoxin test for assessing CAPD peritonitis by gram-negative organisms. (1996)

The endotoxin (ET) in cloudy peritoneal fluid was measured, and the usefulness of the method was examined. Thirteen continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with an episode of peritonitis from December, 1993 to December, 1995 were studied. The peritoneal fluid was collected without contamination from the bags and divided into two batches. The ET was measured in one of them with the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, and the other was cultured for bacteria. Among the 13 patients ET was positive in 7 Gram-negative bacteria were identified in all 7 cases. Two of these patients were transferred to hemodialysis. On the other hand, gram-positive bacteria were cultured in only four episodes of the 6 ET-negative patients, all of which were treated successfully with vancomycin. Microbiological culture of the dialysate is still necessary for the treatment of peritonitis. But it takes 24-48 hours to obtain microbiological results. The result of the ET test can be given within one and one half hours (and it has 100% sensitivity and specificity for gram-negative peritonitis) at presentation in the episodes. Therefore, the ET test of the dialysate is very effective for the therapy of peritonitis in CAPD.
Models for compression in full-text retrieval systems (2002)

This paper explores the application of arithmetic coding to systems involving the storage of a large body of text, along with a lexicon that lists the words and a concordance that indicates the exact locations at which each word can be found. A typical query might seek all sentences that contain a particular word or combination of words. The random-access requirement means that many current compression techniques are not directly applicable-particularly those using adaptive modelling. However, the static nature of the text and the existence of a lexicon give help that is not available in other compression scenarios. A number of different kinds of model developed for different parts of a full-text retrieval system are presented and evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Are patents for methods of medical treatment contrary to the<i>ordre public</i>and morality or “generally inconvenient”? (2004)

"No one has advanced a just and logical reason why reward for service to the public should be extended to the inventor of a mechanical toy and denied to the genius whose patience, foresight, and effort have given a valuable new [discovery] to mankind" (Katopis CJ. Patents v patents: policy implications of recent patent legislation. St John's Law Review 1997;71:329). The law around the world permits the granting of patents for drugs, medical devices, and cosmetic treatment of the human body. At the same time, patentability for a method of treatment of the same body is denied in some countries on various public policy grounds. Is there any logical justification for this distinction? Are methods of medical treatment not as vital to the health or even to the life of a patient as drugs or medical devices? Why is a cosmetic result patentable and a curative result not?
THE STUDY OF THOMSEN-FRIEDENREICH ANTIGEN AND PROGNOSIS OF THE PATIENTS WITH BLADDER TUMOR (1987)

1975年より1985年までに当院を受診した膀胱腫瘍患者中, 経過観察が可能であった91例について, ABH型血液型物質と異なる細胞膜抗原であるMN型抗原の precursor であるとされている Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (以下T-Agと略す) の有無を Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC) 法を用いて調べ, その抗原性の消失と腫瘍の異型度, 深達度との関係, 再発率, 生存率との関連などを検討した.正常組織中, T-Agは siliac acid に mask された cryptantigen の形で存在するためT-Ag陰性でかつ Cryptic T-Ag陽性の場合を抗原性正常とした. 検索を行なった膀胱腫瘍91例中46例 (51%) においてT-Ag陽性または Cryptic T-Ag陰性 (以下抗原性消失群と記す) であった. 抗原性の消失は, Grade I 32例中11例(34%), Grade II 32例中15例 (47%), Grade III 27例中20例 (74%), low stage (<T2) 65例中27例 (42%), high stage (≧T2) 24例中18例 (75%) にみられ, high grade, high stage のものほど抗原性の消失率が高かった.また膀胱保存手術のなされた67例中, 抗原性消失群の63%, 抗原性正常群の35%に再発がみられ, 再発率は有意に抗原性消失群において高かった. 生存率は異型度や深達度が同じでも, 抗原性が消失している方が抗原性の正常群よりも低い傾向をしめし, この傾向は推計学的有意差はないが, high grade, high stage ほど, より著しかった. 従って, 従来の Grade Stage などの組織学的診断に加えT-Agの有無を検討することは, 術後の再発率および予後を推測する上に参考になると考えられた.
Equilibration of D-Glucaric Acid in Aqueous Solution (2007)

Abstract\n\nThe equilibrium of aqueous D-glucaric acid was investigated via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR spectra of all four species (D-glucaric acid, D-glucaro-1,4-lactone, D-glucaro-6,3- lactone and D-glucaro-1,4;6,3-lactone) were assigned.\n\nA 1H NMR spectroscopy method was developed to investigate the kinetics of equilibration of the starting species (D-glucaro-1,4-lactone and D-glucaro-1,4;6,3-dilactone). The equilibration was investigated under neutral conditions as well as conditions with increasing acidity. \n\nEach experiment set contained 50-100 1HNMR spectroscopy experiments that were run on the same sample using a program that built in delays. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as an internal standard, and its signal size was used as a scale to report the changes in relative concentration of the four species throughout the experiment sets.\n\nUnder neutral conditions D-glucaro-1,4-lactone is relatively stable against equilibration, while D-glucaro-1,4;6,3-dilactone is not. Under acidic conditions both compounds equilibrate within approximately 30,000 seconds. After equilibration under acidic conditions D-glucaric acid is the dominant species, while the relative concentration of D-glucaro-1,4-lactone is slightly higher than that of D-glucaro-6,3-lactone. The relative equilibrium concentration of D-glucaro-1,4;6,3-dilactone is low.\n\nA mechanism for the equilibration of aqueous D-glucaric acid was proposed and equilibrium constants and estimates of rate constants were derived from the experimental data. These rate constants were used in MATLAB simulations that were compared to the experimental data. MATLAB simulations were used to alter the rate constants to improve the fits between experimental data and simulated data.
Characteristics of Parallel Internal-Type Inductively Coupled Plasmas for Large Area Flat Panel Display Processing (2004)

The development of a large-area high-density plasma source is desired for various plasma processes from microelectronics fabrication to flat panel display (FPD) device fabrication. In this study, using a parallel internal-type (double comb-type) inductively coupled plasma source having the size of 1020 mm×830 mm, high density plasmas on the order of 2.2×10 11 cm -3 could be obtained with Ar at 5000 W inductive power. Plasma uniformity on the substrate in the size of 920 mm×730 mm decreased with the increase in inductive power and was about 8% when the inductive power was 5000 W. When SF 6 was used to etch SiO 2 using the source, the SiO 2 etch rate higher than 2000 Å/min with an etch uniformity of about 6% could be obtained at 5000 W inductive power, -350 V bias voltage, and 15 mTorr operating pressure.
Comparison of the antiviral action of different human interferons against DNA and RNA viruses (1984)

Five different interferon preparations were compared for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and several RNA viruses. The interferons used were: interferon α from human buffy coats, interferon β from human fibroblasts, interferon γ from human lymphocytes after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lymphoblastoid interferon from Namalva cells IFN-α (Ly) and cloned α2 interferon produced by Escherichia coli containing the human gene for interferon α2. All preparations were able to protect monolayers of HeLa cells against HSV-1 infection when low multiplicities were used. The five IFN preparations were also tested against encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus, poliovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV).
Prodrug AST-003 Improves the Therapeutic Index of the Multi-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib (2015)

Patients have responded well to the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Sunitinib in the clinic. But the severe toxic side effects associated with Sunitinib limit its therapeutic index. To improve the therapeutic index of Sunitinib, a prodrug strategy was employed to modify Sunitinib. The inactive prodrug AST-003 can be converted to Sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Compared with Sunitinib, AST-003 has unique biochemical, cellular and pharmacokinetic properties with improved tolerability in mice and yield higher efficacy in tumor xenograft models. This prodrug strategy may constitute a novel paradigm to improve the therapeutic index of Sunitinib and other TKI or anti-angiogenesis drugs in general.
Prostaglandins and congeners. 21. Synthesis of some cyclohexyl analogs (11.alpha.-homoprostaglandins) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandins and congeners. 21. Synthesis of some cyclohexyl analogs (11.alpha.-homoprostaglandins)M. Brawner Floyd and Martin J. WeissCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 1, 71–75Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01315a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01315a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts