gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Measurement of Polyethylene Glycol Induced Depletion Attraction between Lipid Bilayers (1996)

Although polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used for aggregating or fusing cells, the forces responsible for these interactions have remained elusive. Through a variety of techniques including quasi-elastic light scattering, surface force measurements, and 31P-NMR, we have established that while PEG of molecular weight 8000−10000 is effective in causing the aggregation of vesicles, PEG of lower or higher molecular weight (1000 and 18 500, respectively) is ineffective. For the first time, direct force measurements between lipid bilayers in solutions of 8000−10000 molecular weight reveal the existence of an attractive osmotic force due to a polymer depleted layer near the bilayer surface. Lower molecular weight PEG does not have a large enough size (Flory radius, RF) to generate a significant depletion force, while higher molecular weight PEG adsorbs sufficiently on the bilayer surfaces to eliminate the depletion attraction and produces a repulsive steric barrier to aggregation. The measured forces can be quantitatively described in terms of current theories of colloidal and polymer interactions. These findings suggest that the differential osmotic pressure produced by the depletion layer is responsible for vesicle aggregation and that fusion is promoted when the depletion pressure is strong enough to locally destabilize two membranes by possibly thinning them at their point of closest approach. The results provide a physicochemical basis for using PEG of certain molecular weights as fusogens for cells, liposomes, and vesicles.
Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin (2003)

Because it avoids the in-focus photodamage and phototoxicity problem of two-photon-fluorescence excitation, multiharmonic-generation biopsy based on a 1200-1300-nm light source could provide a truly noninvasive and highly penetrative optical sectioning of skin. We study multiharmonic-generation biopsy of fixed mouse skin. Our preliminary study suggests that this technique could provide submicrometer-resolution deep-tissue noninvasive biopsy images in skin without the use of fluorescence and exogenous markers.
DJ-1 and α-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid as biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (2010)

Biomarkers are urgently needed for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in Parkinson's disease. Both DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein, two proteins critically involved in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, have been tested as disease biomarkers in several recent studies with inconsistent results. These have been largely due to variation in the protein species detected by different antibodies, limited numbers of patients in some studies, or inadequate control of several important variables. In this study, the nature of DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid was studied by a combination of western blotting, gel filtration and mass spectrometry. Sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays detecting most, if not all, species of DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid were established. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein from 117 patients with Parkinson's disease, 132 healthy individuals and 50 patients with Alzheimer's disease were analysed using newly developed, highly sensitive Luminex technology while controlling for several major confounders. A total of 299 individuals and 389 samples were analysed. The results showed that cerebrospinal fluid DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein levels were dependent on age and influenced by the extent of blood contamination in cerebrospinal fluid. Both DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein levels were decreased in Parkinson's patients versus controls or Alzheimer's patients when blood contamination was controlled for. In the population aged > or = 65 years, when cut-off values of 40 and 0.5 ng/ml were chosen for DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein, respectively, the sensitivity and specificity for patients with Parkinson's disease versus controls were 90 and 70% for DJ-1, and 92 and 58% for alpha-synuclein. A combination of the two markers did not enhance the test performance. There was no association between DJ-1 or alpha-synuclein and the severity of Parkinson's disease. Taken together, this represents the largest scale study for DJ-1 or alpha-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid so far, while using newly established sensitive Luminex assays, with controls for multiple variables. We have demonstrated that total DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid are helpful diagnostic markers for Parkinson's disease, if variables such as blood contamination and age are taken into consideration.
Carbon-Induced Corrosion of Metals and Alloys (2001)

Many high temperature alloys are based on Fe, Ni and Co with significant levels of chromium added for corrosion resistance. During service in carbon-rich environments, such alloys can degrade by two distinct corrosion processes. One is carburization, which generally occurs at temperatures in the range, 800 - 1100° C, while the other is metal dusting which typically manifests itself in the range, 400 - 800° C. In the present paper the sequential stages of alloy degradation when exposed to mixed carburizing-oxidizing environments having a carbon activity of 1 are discussed. Four distinct stages of microstructure evolution are described. In the final stages, carbon diffusion into the alloy interior followed by the precipitation of stable, brittle carbide phases affect the mechanical integrity of the material. By contrast metal dusting is a process that occurs in carbon- supersaturated environments (carbon activity > 1) and results in the actual conversion of bulk metal to powder or dust. The mechanistic aspects of metal dusting are discussed with particular attention to the behavior of Fe.
Silicon on insulating substrates&amp;#8212;Recent advances (1983)

Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technologies are becoming more important as CMOS becomes the preferred technology for VLSI. The progress of the three most actively researched SOI technologies, beam-recrystallized SOI, implanted buried oxide and Full Isolation by Porous Oxidized Silicon will be summarized in this paper.
The Deformability of Red Blood Cells Parasitized by<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>and<i>P. vivax</i> (2004)

Red blood cells (RBCs) must deform considerably during their multiple passages through the microvasculature and the sinusoids of the spleen. RBCs infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf-IRBCs) become increasingly rigid as they mature but avoid splenic clearance by sequestering in venules and capillaries. In contrast, RBCs infected with P. vivax (Pv-IRBCs) do not sequester. We compared the effects of P. vivax and P. falciparum infection on RBC deformability in a laminar shear flow system. Pf-IRBCs became more rigid as the parasite matured, but equivalent maturation of Pv-IRBCs resulted in a doubling of flexibility. Coincidentally, the IRBC surface area increased from 56.7+/-1.3 microm2 to 74.7+/-0.6 microm2 to 90.9+/-1.1 microm2 in ring-, trophozoite-, and schizont-stage Pv-IRBCs, respectively, whereas Pf-IRBCs did not increase in size. P. vivax increases the deformability of IRBCs and thereby avoids splenic entrapment.
A submicroscopic deletion in a patient with isolated X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) (1994)

Journal Article A submicroscopic deletion in a patient with isolated X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) Get access Maria T. Bassi, Maria T. Bassi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur A.B. Bergen, Arthur A.B. Bergen 1The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research InstituteAmsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin C. Wapenaar, Martin C. Wapenaar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria V. Schlaffino, Maria V. Schlaffino Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary van Schooneveld, Mary van Schooneveld 1The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research InstituteAmsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John R.W. Yates, John R.W. Yates 2Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen J. Charles, Stephen J. Charles 3The Royal Eye HospitalManchester, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Meltinger, Thomas Meltinger 4Abteilung fūr Padiatrische Genetik, Kinderpoliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversrtātMūnchen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrea Ballabio Andrea Ballabio * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 1994, Pages 647–648, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.4.647 Published: 01 April 1994 Article history Received: 29 November 1993 Accepted: 08 February 1994 Published: 01 April 1994
Optical transmission of liquid-crystal field-effect cells (1977)

The relationships between the optical transfer characteristics of twisted-nematic liquid-crystal devices and the material and cell parameters were investigated. The dependence of transmission on wavelength, birefringence, cell thickness, and surface alignment was measured as functions of light direction and operating conditions. The experimental results were confirmed by calculations of the transmission using Berreman’s numerical procedure for anisotropic media. The angle over which good contrast is observed increases with increasing wavelength and decreasing cell thickness and birefringence. This is accompanied by a decreasing value of optical threshold. The most uniform response and widest viewing angle is obtained with materials of small birefringence in cells with near-planar alignment.
[Changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system in the course of normal pregnancy]. (1992)

In the present study we investigated several factors of hemostasis and fibrinolysis during the normal pregnancy in 52 women. Whereas the Thrombin-Time did not show any change, the increase of the Hepato-Quick and the decrease of the Partial Thromboplastin-Time was significant. During pregnancy we observed a significant increase of the activity of fibrinogen, factor XII and prekallikrein as well as of the von-Willebrand-factor-antigen (VIIIR:Ag). The activity of factor II and X remained constantly. The increased activity of factors of hemostasis was accompanied by an increase of activity and concentration of antithrombin-III. In contrast to the activity of the hemostatic system we could not find any significant alteration of the fibrinolytic system. The cause must be searched in the observed increase of plasminogen-activator-inhibitor (PAI)--likly in combination with a decrease of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Our data indicate, that the highest risk for thrombosis already might exist in week 24 of pregnancy, because a distinct increase of hemostatic activity is combined with a nearly unchanged fibrinolytic activity.
SRA-Domain Proteins Required for DRM2-Mediated De Novo DNA Methylation (2008)

De novo DNA methylation and the maintenance of DNA methylation in asymmetrical sequence contexts is catalyzed by homologous proteins in plants (DRM2) and animals (DNMT3a/b). In plants, targeting of DRM2 depends on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), although the molecular details are still unclear. Here, we show that two SRA-domain proteins (SUVH9 and SUVH2) are also essential for DRM2-mediated de novo and maintenance DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. At some loci, SUVH9 and SUVH2 act redundantly, while at other loci only SUVH2 is required, and this locus specificity correlates with the differing DNA-binding affinity of the SRA domains within SUVH9 and SUVH2. Specifically, SUVH9 preferentially binds methylated asymmetric sites, while SUVH2 preferentially binds methylated CG sites. The suvh9 and suvh2 mutations do not eliminate siRNAs, suggesting a role for SUVH9 and SUVH2 late in the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. With these new results, it is clear that SRA-domain proteins are involved in each of the three pathways leading to DNA methylation in Arabidopsis.
The Mercury Interconnect Architecture (1997)

This paper presents HAL's Mercury Interconnect Architecture, an interconnect infrastructure designed to link commodity microprocessors, memory, and I/O components into high-performance multiprocessing servers. Both shared-memory and message-passing systems, as well as hybrid systems are supported by the interconnect. The key attributes of the Mercury Interconnect Architecture are: low latency, high bandwidth, a modular and flexible design, reliability/availability/serviceability (RAS) features, and a simplicity that enables very cost-effective implementations. The first implementation of the architecture links multiple 4-processor Pentium™ Pro based nodes. In a 4-node (16-processor) shared-memory configuration, this system achieves a remote read latency of just over 1 µs, and a maximum interconnect bandwidth of 6.4 GByte/s. Both of these parameters far outpace comparable SCI-based solutions, while utilizing much fewer hardware components.
A portable phonatory feedback device for patients with speech disorders (2010)

Vocal intensity-related speech disorders such as dysarthria and vocal nodules can limit quality of life and reduce the patient’s ability to interact with family, socialize, or pursue employment. Behavioral speech therapies exist to address these issues but have limited effectiveness because they are expensive and clinic-based. The ability to monitor vocal intensity outside of the clinical setting will greatly aid in the treatment of these speech disorders, enabling patients to make quicker progress by reinforcing techniques learned in the clinic. The Voice Volume Monitor (VVM) is a portable and cost-effective therapeutic aid designed for this purpose, providing real-time feedback regarding speech volume to the user. Initial testing of a prototype with patients at the Our Lady of the Lake Voice Center has shown positive results.
One–shot phase stepping with a pulsed laser and modulation of polarization: application to speckle interferometry (2015)

For applications involving time varying optical phase distributions, fast cameras and/or pulsed lasers have to be used. To apply phase-shifting interferometry techniques (PSI) as well, single shot capture is required. Among others, modulation of polarization and phase grating interferometry is a possible technique to be considered. In this paper, a report about the use of this technique based on a double pulse laser system is presented. Single-pulse and twin-pulse operations are considered both in optical interferometers as well as in ESPI systems (mainly in subtraction mode). In ESPI a reduction of the degree of polarization appears due to scattering, so some measures have to be taken to prevent such deletereous effect. To show the feasibility of the proposed variants some experimental results are presented.
Colicinogeny of O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and the shielding of colicin and phage receptors by their O-antigenic side chains (1991)

Twenty O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains from patients with different clinical conditions were tested for colicinogeny and the presence of Verotoxin (VT) genes. From bloody diarrhea cases, 7/8 isolates and from hemolytic uremic syndrome cases 3/5 isolates all synthesized what appeared to be colicin D. The remaining strains, which included 7 from asymptomatic sources, were noncolicinogenic. The plasmid determining the colicin was found to be 1.4 kb larger than the 5.2-kb pColD. The colicin D protein had a molecular weight of about 90,000, whereas the O157 colicin was 87,000. The plasmid was designated pColD157 to reflect these differences. Of O157:H7 isolates 17/20 had genes for both of the Verotoxins VT1 and VT2, and the remaining 3/20 for VT1 only. There was no correlation between the presence of VT determinants and colicinogeny or symptoms. The O157:H7 strains exhibited significant resistance to other colicins and bacteriophages.
Exploiting the peptidoglycan-binding motif, LysM, for medical and industrial applications (2014)

The lysin motif (LysM) was first identified by Garvey et al. in 1986 and, in subsequent studies, has been shown to bind noncovalently to peptidoglycan and chitin by interacting with N-acetylglucosamine moieties. The LysM sequence is present singly or repeatedly in a large number of proteins of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Since the mid-1990s, domains containing one or more of these LysM sequences originating from different LysM-containing proteins have been examined for purely scientific reasons as well as for their possible use in various medical and industrial applications. These studies range from detecting localized binding of LysM-containing proteins onto bacteria to actual bacterial cell surface analysis. On a more applied level, the possibilities of employing the LysM domains for cell immobilization, for the display of peptides, proteins, or enzymes on (bacterial) surfaces as well as their utility in the development of novel vaccines have been scrutinized. To serve these purposes, the chimeric proteins containing one or more of the LysM sequences have been produced and isolated from various prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression hosts. This review gives a succinct overview of the characteristics of the LysM domain and of current developments in its application potential.
Structural Characterisation Reveals Mechanism of IL-13-Neutralising Monoclonal Antibody Tralokinumab as Inhibition of Binding to IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2 (2016)

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic T helper type 2 cytokine frequently associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis. IL-13-mediated signalling is initiated by binding to IL-13Rα1, which then recruits IL-4Rα to form a heterodimeric receptor complex. IL-13 also binds to IL-13Rα2, considered as either a decoy or a key mediator of fibrosis. IL-13-neutralising antibodies act by preventing IL-13 binding to IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and/or IL-13Rα2. Tralokinumab (CAT-354) is an IL-13-neutralising human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that has shown clinical benefit in patients with asthma. To decipher how tralokinumab inhibits the effects of IL-13, we determined the structure of tralokinumab Fab in complex with human IL-13 to 2 Å resolution. The structure analysis reveals that tralokinumab prevents IL-13 from binding to both IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. This is supported by biochemical ligand-receptor interaction assay data. The tralokinumab epitope is mainly composed of residues in helices D and A of IL-13. It is mostly light chain complementarity-determining regions that are driving paratope interactions; the variable light complementarity-determining region 2 plays a key role by providing residue contacts for a network of hydrogen bonds and a salt bridge in the core of binding. The key residues within the paratope contributing to binding were identified as Asp50, Asp51, Ser30 and Lys31. This study demonstrates that tralokinumab prevents the IL-13 pharmacodynamic effect by binding to IL-13 helices A and D, thus preventing IL-13 from interacting with IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2.
An Approach to Build Multi-tenant SaaS Application with Monitoring and SLA (2012)

SaaS (Software as a Service) is a modern approach to deliver large scalable enterprise software as a service on Internet. Cloud computing platform provides the scalability, availability and utility computing for services on Internet. There are many technical challenges involved in SaaS development. One of them is multi-tenancy, which allows single instance of software to serve multiple organizations by accommodating their unique requirements through configuration at the same time. SaaS architecture requires the both configuration and some level of customization to achieve higher maturity model. In this paper, we proposed a metadata driven SaaS architecture, which is independent of underlying cloud infrastructure. Proposed architecture includes monitoring, tenant management, tenant administration, tenant configuration and large data management services. In our proposed architecture, we used Memcached concept and it is supported by almost all databases to boost the performance. In addition to this, we have considered application pooling on web server to manage priority among tenants.
Predictive and prognostic factors for gliomas (2011)

Despite recent therapeutic advances, gliomas, in particular the most frequent and malignant glioblastoma, remain devastating tumors and need a better molecular characterization to improve both classification and treatment. Currently, three molecular markers, related to better outcome, are particularly useful and complement the histological classification: the 1p/19q codeletion strongly predicts prolonged response to treatment and prolonged survival in oligodendroglial tumors; the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation, which is hypothesized to render the cell more vulnerable to alkylants, is associated with a stronger benefit of concomitant chemoradiotherapy in glioblastomas; mutations of the IDH1 (more rarely IDH2) gene affects 40% of gliomas (but 100% of the 1p/19q codeleted gliomas) and is inversely correlated to grade. IDH1 mutation is a strong and independent predictor of survival, whatever grade considered. The consequences of IDH1/IDH2 mutation (that results in a new enzymatic activity transforming alphacetoglutarate into 2-hydroxyglutarate) are currently under investigation. Recently, integrated genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic studies have unraveled new glioblastoma subgroups that further refines the molecular classification of these tumors. Such an approach should be extended to lower grade gliomas.
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers operating up to ∼ 200 K with optimized oscillator strength and improved injection tunneling (2012)

A new temperature performance record of 199.5 K for terahertz quantum cascade lasers is achieved by optimizing the lasing transition oscillator strength of the resonant phonon based three-well design. The optimum oscillator strength of 0.58 was found to be larger than that of the previous record (0.41) by Kumar et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 131105 (2009)]. The choice of tunneling barrier thicknesses was determined with a simplified density matrix model, which converged towards higher tunneling coupling strengths than previously explored and nearly perfect alignment of the states across the injection and extraction barriers at the design electric field. At 8 K, the device showed a threshold current density of 1 kA/cm2, with a peak output power of ∼ 38 mW, and lasing frequency blue-shifting from 2.6 THz to 2.85 THz with increasing bias. The wavelength blue-shifted to 3.22 THz closer to the maximum operating temperature of 199.5 K, which corresponds to ∼ 1.28ħω/κB. The voltage dependence of laser frequency is related to the Stark effect of two intersubband transitions and is compared with the simulated gain spectra obtained by a Monte Carlo approach.
Running droplet of interfacial chemical reaction flow (2012)

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching of a silicon surface is demonstrated as an efficient means to create an interfacial chemical reaction flow, thus leading to self-propelled water-droplet motion. Before and after HF etching, the silicon surface exhibits a significant free energy change, represented by the increase of water contact angle from 0 to 60°. This favors self-propelled HF droplet motion with high-speed and long-distance, and in particular enables uphill motion. Even for a HF droplet 10 microliters in volume, vertical climbing along silicon strips is permitted. By investigating the temperature-dependent motion velocity, it confirms that the velocity is in positive proportion to the HF reaction rate.