gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Educational Play with Augmented Toy Environments. (2007)

besides being a recreational amusement, it also serves as an important function for the psychological, physiological and social development of a child. Children learn about themselves and the world and people around them; they develop and improve manifold and important skills, such as social competence, problem-solving and creativity. In contrast to traditional games, computer and video games typically fall far short in providing physical and social challenges. Children sit isolated in front of a computer screen, completely absorbed by virtual worlds and detached from the real world for many hours. Due to the interactive nature of video games however, gameplay itself can offer immersive designs and mental challenges that constantly adapt to the players’ skills, something not possible with traditional games.
A Crest Factor Reduction Technique for W-CDMA Polar Transmitters (2007)

This paper presents a crest factor reduction (CFR) technique compatible with polar-modulated signals for use in high efficiency polar transmitters. This technique processes only the amplitude signal of the polar-modulated signal, which reduces power consumption. In this implementation, the addition of the CFR technique to a polar transmitter consumes only 1% of the peak output power while increasing the maximum output power by 20%
A case of fatalPemphigus Vulgaris in association with beta interferon and interleukin-2 therapy (1989)

Beta interferon (beta-IFN) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been utilized in experimental cancer therapy because of their effects on the immune system. We report here a patient treated with IL-2 and beta-IFN who rapidly developed an immune-mediated, bullous exfoliative dermatitis and who ultimately died. Various etiologic mechanisms are proposed.
Measurement of perfusion in stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer using H(2)(15)O and positron emission tomography. (2002)

Measurement of BF in NSCLC using H(2)(15)O and (18)FDG is feasible. Simple uptake analysis, however, cannot be used as an indicator of perfusion. Whether BF can be used for response monitoring needs to be evaluated in a large patient study, where results can be compared with outcome.
Genome wide analysis of DNA copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (CNNLOH) and its relation to gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2010)

Our results indicate that CNNLOH has a profound impact on gene expression in ESCC, which in turn may affect tumor development.
Atomistic simulation of dislocations, surfaces and interfaces in MgO (1996)

A new simulation code for modelling extended defects e.g. linear (dislocations) and planar (surfaces and grain boundaries) at the atomistic level is introduced. One of the key components is the ability to calculate the Coulombic potential of a solid with one-dimensional periodicity. This approach has been applied to screw dislocations in MgO and we have evaluated the structure (including core size) and stability of the 〈100〉 and 1/2〈110〉 screw dislocations. The 1/2〈110〉 dislocation, which has the shortest Burgers vector, was found to be more stable, as predicted by elasticity theory, although the simulations show that elasticity theory underestimates the energy difference.In addition, it has been shown that by using this new computer simulation code METADISE, following the approach of Tasker, the structure and energetics of surfaces and interfaces can be calculated. This method has been applied to modelling micro-faceting and it was found that micro-facetted {110} and {111} surfaces of MgO are the most stable forms of these surfaces. The formation energy of tilt grain boundaries in MgO ({h10} and {h20}) as a function of misorientation angle was also investigated and it was found that for the {h10} series the formation energy is proportional to the interfacial bond density while no such pattern can be found for the {h20} series.
<title>Automatic adjustment of display window (gray level) for MR images using a neural network</title> (1991)

We have developed a system to automatically adjust the display window width and level (WWL) for MR images using a neural network. There were three main points in the development of our system as follows: (1) We defined an index for the clarity of a displayed image, and we call this index ''EW''. EW is a quantitative measure of the clarity of an image displayed in a certain WWL, and can be derived from the difference between gray-level with the WWL adjusted by a human expert and with the WWL adjusted by this automatic system. (2) We extracted a group of six features from a gray-level histogram of displayed images. We designed a neural network which is able to learn the relationship between these features and the desired output (teaching signal), ''EQ'', which is normalized to 0 to 1.0 from EW. Learning was performed using a back-propagation method. As a result, the neural network after learning is able to provide a quantitative measure, ''Q'', of the clarity of images displayed in the designated WWL. (3) Using the ''Hill climbing'' method, we have been able to determine the best possible WWL for displaying images. (a) The maximum Q is searched for and found from roughly sampled WWLs. (b) The WWL sampling intervals are gradually made finer. (c) The WWL with maximum Q searched in (b) is selected as the best possible WWL. We have tested this technique for MR brain images. The results show that this system can adjust WWL comparable to that adjusted by a human expert for the majority of test images. The neural network is effective for the automatic adjustment of the display window for MR images. We are now studying the application of this system to sagittal and coronal images.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(ω‐Aminoalkyl)‐ or 4‐(ω‐Lactamiminoalkyl) thiazoles by Ring Chain Transformation of Isothioureas with Lactam Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Who are the world's most successful companies? (1991)

It seems that everybody wants to know which companies are the most successful. To help throw light on the issue, and to do so more reliably than the plethora of league tables and charts produced by most business magazines, the London Business School have teamed up with The Economist to compile an assessment of the top performers of the 1980's.
Robust and Low-Cost Flame-Treated Wood for High-Performance Solar Steam Generation (2017)

Solar-enabled steam generation has attracted increasing interest in recent years because of its potential applications in power generation, desalination, and wastewater treatment, among others. Recent studies have reported many strategies for promoting the efficiency of steam generation by employing absorbers based on carbon materials or plasmonic metal nanoparticles with well-defined pores. In this work, we report that natural wood can be utilized as an ideal solar absorber after a simple flame treatment. With ultrahigh solar absorbance (∼99%), low thermal conductivity (0.33 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), and good hydrophilicity, the flame-treated wood can localize the solar heating at the evaporation surface and enable a solar-thermal efficiency of ∼72% under a solar intensity of 1 kW m<sup>-2</sup>, and it thus represents a renewable, scalable, low-cost, and robust material for solar steam applications.
Fast and precise localization at stop intersections (2013)

This article presents a practical solution for fast and precise localization of a vehicle's position and orientation with respect to stop sign controlled intersections based on video sequences and mapped data. It consists of two steps. First, an intersection map is generated offline based on street-level imagery and GPS data, collected by a vehicle driving through an intersection from different directions. The map contains both landmarks for localization and information about stop line positions. This information is used in the second step to precisely and efficiently derive a vehicle's pose in real-time when approaching a mapped intersection. At this point, we only need coarse GPS information to be able to load the proper map data.coarse GPS information to be able to load the proper map data. The experimental results show this approach is able to successfully localize a vehicle at stop intersections with decimeter accuracy under various weather conditions and after several months between the map data collection and the test drive. The proposed method enables a variety of functions for future driver assistance systems, such as stop line violation warning, advanced adaptive cruise control/ trafficJam assist functions in cities, or autonomous driving.
Investigation of primary Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) particles in Al–Sc–Zr alloys (2010)

This paper studied the primary Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles formed during solidification in three Al–Sc–Zr alloys with various Zr contents. It has been shown that the primary Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles formed during solidification since the Sc and Zr concentrations are above the solid solubility limit in Al matrix. Scanning electron microscopy line scanning results indicated that the distributions of Sc, Zr and Al atoms in the primary Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles differ a lot from those in the secondary Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles formed during annealing. In the primary Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles, both Sc and Zr contents are found from rim to the centre of the particles, with an increasing trend from the rim to the centre, while the Al content drops sharply on the rim of the particle and slightly from the rim to the centre.
Coupling schemes for heterogeneous integration of III-V membrane devices and silicon-on-insulator waveguides (2005)

We present and numerically analyze two schemes for efficient, large-bandwidth, and fabrication-tolerant optical coupling of bonded III-V membrane active components to an underlying nanophotonic waveguide circuit in silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Coupling of active membrane components to passive waveguides enables the integration of ultracompact passive waveguide circuits and active optoelectronic devices.
Identification of Amino Acids in the τ2-Region of the Mouse Glucocorticoid Receptor That Contribute to Hormone Binding and Transcriptional Activation (1997)

The tau 2-region of steroid hormone receptors is a highly conserved region located at the extreme N-terminal end of the hormone-binding domain. A protein fragment encoding tau 2 has been shown to function as an independent transcriptional activation domain; however, because this region is essential for hormone binding, it has been difficult to determine whether the tau 2-region also contributes to the transactivation function of intact steroid receptors. In this study a series of amino acid substitutions were engineered at conserved positions in the tau 2-region of the mouse glucocorticoid receptor (mGR, amino acids 533-562) to map specific amino acid residues that contribute to the hormone-binding function, transcriptional activation, or both. Substitution of alanine or glycine for some amino acids (mutations E546G, P547A, and D555A) reduced or eliminated hormone binding, but the transactivation function of the intact GR and/or the minimum tau 2-fragment was unaffected for each of these mutants. Substitution of alanine for amino acid S561 reduced transactivation activity in the intact GR and the minimum tau 2-fragment but had no effect on hormone binding. The single mutation L550A and the double amino acid substitution L541G+L542G affected both hormone binding and transactivation. The fact that the S561A and L550A substitutions each caused a loss of transactivation activity in the minimum tau 2-fragment and the full-length GR indicated that the tau 2-region does contribute to the overall transactivation function of the full-length GR. Overall, the N-terminal portion of the tau 2-region (mGR 541-547) was primarily involved in hormone binding, whereas the C-terminal portion of the tau 2-region (mGR 548-561) was primarily involved in transactivation.
Photoassisted Degradation of Dye Pollutants. V. Self-Photosensitized Oxidative Transformation of <i>Rhodamine B</i> under Visible Light Irradiation in Aqueous TiO<sub>2</sub> Dispersions (1998)

Chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and proton NMR, UV−vis, and spin trapping EPR spectroscopic evidence is presented to demonstrate the inverse photosensitized oxidative transformation of tetraethylated rhodamine (RhB) under visible illumination of aqueous titania dispersions. Both de-ethylation and oxidative degradation take place with the former proceeding in a stepwise manner to yield mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-de-ethylated rhodamine species. Intermediates present after each de-ethylation step remain in a fast dynamic equilibrium between the titania particle surface and the bulk solution. The concentration of •OH radicals, formed from the inverse photosensitization process through the superoxide radical anion, increases upon addition of the anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant (DBS) because a larger number of RhB excited states are able to inject an electron into the conduction band of the TiO2 particles. Also, intermediates that can no longer absorb the visible light, (i.e., once the dye solution is competely bleached) are unable to drive the photosensitized degradation further. A mechanism for the competitive photoreactions between degradation and de-ethylation is described, in which de-ethylation {ζ ∼ 0.0035} is mostly a surface occurring process, whereas degradation {ζ ∼ 0.0015}of the RhB chromophore is predominantly a solution bulk process.
Linear Plasmids of the Bacterium <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Have Covalently Closed Ends (1987)

The genetics of spirochetes, a division of eubacteria, has been little studied. Double-stranded linear plasmids were found in Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease. A 49-kilobase linear plasmid contained the ospA and ospB genes, which encode the major outer membrane proteins of strain B31. Molecules of the 49-kilobase plasmid rapidly reannealed after alkaline denaturation; rapid renaturation was prevented if the 49-kilobase plasmids were first treated with S1 nuclease. When denatured plasmid molecules were examined directly, single-stranded circles of approximately 100-kilobase circumference were seen. These studies provide direct visual evidence that the linear plasmids have covalently closed ends. This form of DNA occurs in some animal viruses, but it has not heretofore been described in prokaryotic organisms.
Cepstral analysis of ultrasound in chronic liver disease--a preliminary study in the non-invasive evaluation of structural change. (1991)

To evaluate the morphological changes in chronic liver disease non-invasively we used the frequency-domain analysis of ultrasound. We assumed that liver tissue is a collection of semi-regularly arrayed small scatterers of ultrasound. We applied cepstral analysis to ultrasonic waveforms and evaluated the periodicity of scalloping of the power spectrum, caused by an interference effect among liver scatterers of a given spacing. In a phantom experiment, we could correctly measure the space among scatterers of a phantom consisting of a regularly spaced distribution of nylon filaments. In an experiment involving a freshly excised porcine liver, the distribution of the space among scatterers (SAS) determined on cepstral analysis reflected the size distribution of the hepatic lobules. In a human study, two statistical parameters, mode and kurtosis, were determined from the distribution of the SAS for each patient. In a previous study, we collected ultrasonic data during peritoneoscopy with a 10 MHz transducer directly contacting the liver and showed that we could evaluate morphological changes in chronic liver disease using cepstral analysis. In the present study, we obtained data in two ways: with a 3.5 MHz transducer through the abdominal wall and with a 10 MHz transducer directly contacting the liver during peritoneoscopy. The mode and kurtosis of the SAS obtained with the 3.5 MHz transducer were both well correlated with the mode and kurtosis of the SAS obtained with the 10 MHz transducer. These results suggest that we can evaluate morphological changes in chronic liver disease non-invasively.
1-Benzyl-1,4-diazepan-5-one (2008)

The title compound, C(12)H(16)N(2)O, is a diazepane inter-mediate that can be used as an inhibitor of human nitric oxide synthesis. In the mol-ecule, the seven-membered ring has a chair-like conformation and the two rings are approximately perpendicular to one another, with a C-N-C-C torsion angle of 77.8 (4)°. Inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into dimers around a centre of symmetry, with C-H⋯O inter-actions linking the dimers into infinite sheets.
Fatigue crack initiation in aerospace aluminium alloys, components and structures (2006)

The concept of self-healing fatigue cracks in aluminium alloys has aroused much interest due to a recent paper by Lumley et al. [1]. The results of fatigue tests, fractography, and microstructural analysis for an underaged (UA) and peak aged (PA) experimental Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy were interpreted as evidence for possible selfhealing of small internal fatigue cracks in the UA material. The present paper reviews some fatigue studies on UA, PA and overaged (OA) aluminium alloys, and surveys fatigue crack initiation in aerospace aluminium alloys, components and structures. It is concluded that whether or not self-healing of fatigue cracks actually occurs in some aluminium alloys, it should be considered inapplicable in practice.
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 accelerates p14ARF degradation by deubiquitinating thyroid hormone receptor‐interacting protein 12 and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression (2014)

USP7 stabilizes TRIP12 by deubiquitination, thus constitutively inactivating p14(ARF) and promoting HCC progression. This represents a novel marker for predicting prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Evaluation of Polylactic Acid Homopolymers as Carriers for Bone Morphogenetic Protein (1992)

Polylactic acid (PLA) homopolymers with molecular weights of 105,000; 21,000; 3300; 650; and 160d (PLA105000, PLA21000, PLA3300, PLA650, and PLA160, respectively) were prepared and evaluated as carriers for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Composites consisting of 4 mg of water-soluble, semipurified BMP and 100 mg of one of the PLA homopolymers were implanted into the dorsal muscles of mice. PLA105000/BMP, PLA21000/BMP, PLA3300/BMP, and PLA160/BMP composites failed to induce new bone formation; PLA105000, PLA21000, and PLA3300 elicited foreign-body reactions or chronic inflammation (or both), and PLA160 produced tissue necrosis. PLA650/BMP composites induced cartilage formation within one week and induced bone with hematopoietic marrow at three weeks postimplantation. PLA650/BMP composites were completely absorbed and replaced by new bone. The results suggest that within this group of PLA homopolymers, PLA650 may be the only type suitable for use as a BMP carrier.
A microfabricated tip for simultaneous acquisition of sample topography and high-frequency magnetic field (1997)

We report a combined μm-level topography and high-frequency magnetic field probe, a 6 μm loop defined on a scanning-force microscope cantilever. Since it functions as a near-zone antenna, it can be used with any suitable detector, and can probe both active and passive samples. We demonstrate its performance by scanning a coplanar waveguide sample at 10 GHz using a microwave network analyzer. With this instrument, the device noise at this frequency is ∼2μΦ0/Hz1/2 at T=300 K, comparable to that found for a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) at DC. Unlike the SQUID, however, the thermally limited minimum-detectable field of this system scales with frequency.
Photodetectors: High‐Responsivity Photodetectors Based on Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot–Graphene Hybrid (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 4/2018) (2018)

High responsivity photodetectors based on FAPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots–graphene hybrid is represented in the image. As described in article number 1700304 by Jun Wang, Yinglin Song and co-workers, photogenerated electrons and holes in FAPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots affected the motion of charges in the graphene channel. The trapped carriers in QDs produced effective photo-gating effects, lead an ultrahigh photoconductive gain.
Spotlight: Gas tax trends drive highway funding shift (2012)

Toll roads have become a key part of officials? strategy to keep pace with growing local economies and populations. Many economists regard tolls as an efficient revenue source for road construction because such levies tax users of resources rather than society as a whole.
Regulation of Murine Granzyme B Gene Transcription in Activated Primary T Cells (1996)

A murine granzyme B promoter fragment that extends 243 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site confers high levels of luciferase reporter gene activity in transient transfection assays into T cells and mouse L cell fibroblasts. This promoter fragment contains canonical binding sites for the transcription factors AP-1, core binding factor (CBF), Ikaros, and the cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Oligonucleotides containing the granzyme B AP-1 or CBF elements form specific complexes with proteins present in nuclear extracts from activated CD8(+) splenocytes, MTL cells, EL4 T cells, and L cells. A strong DNase1 hypersensitive site that coincides with the closely associated AP-1, CBF, Ikaros, and CRE elements is present in activated CD8(+) T cells but not in resting T cells or L cells. Both in vitro and in vivo footprints are observed at these sequence elements in activated cytotoxic T cells (CTL) but not in resting T cells. The endogenous granzyme B gene is CTL-specific as no mRNA is detectable in EL4 or L cells. We propose that a condensed chromatin structure at the granzyme B promoter is responsible for transcription factor inaccessibility and repression of transcription in non-T cells.