gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fresh Insight into the H2S Scavenging Mechanism of MEA-Triazine vs. MMA-Triazine (2017)

Abstract Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (I) (more commonly referred to as MEA-triazine) and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trimethyl-s-triazine (II) (more commonly referred to as MMA-triazine) are the most ubiquitous triazine based scavengers in today’s oil and gas processing industry. (I) is very substantially more prevalent than (II) despite having several very well characterized drawbacks. Perhaps the most problematic and well recognized of these is the propensity for the single byproduct, 5-hydroxyethyldithiazine (V), to undergo further reaction with H2S and ultimately ring open the dithiazine molecule to form the polymeric solid known as amorphous dithiazine. Current understanding is that (II) is more favorable as it forms no such solids due to a crucial difference in molecular structure. An understanding of what drives this reaction and what structural features are essential for this to happen are key to mitigating the operational challenges posed by the use of triazine chemistry. The understanding that MMA triazine is only, in some cases, the next "go to" product; where the draw backs of MEA-triazine prevent its use, is challenged in this paper in light of fresh insight. A comparative model for the reaction of these two molecules is presented and an explanation offered, hitherto not reported, which accounts for many of the anomalies when a comparison of these two very similar scavenger molecules is made. The intermediate on the pathway to the dithiazine, namely thiadiazine, is usually not given much consideration and yet compelling evidence is presented that it holds the key to understanding the important differences shown by these two members of the triazine scavenger class, together with structure activity considerations. The conclusion endorses the validity and efficacy of MMA-triazine and suggests it should occupy an almost equivalent performance role to MEA-triazine in the H2S scavenger product portfolio.
Evaluation of Absorbing Chromophores Used in Tissue Phantoms for Quantitative Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Imaging (2010)

In this paper, the optical properties of absorbing compounds that are often used to construct tissue phantoms for quantitative photoacoustic spectroscopy and imaging are investigated. The wavelength dependence of the optical absorption of inorganic chromophores, such as copper and nickel chloride, and organic chromophores, such as cyanine-based near infrared dyes, was measured using transmittance spectroscopy and compared with that determined using photoacoustic spectroscopy. In addition, the relative change in the Grüneisen coefficient of these solutions with concentration was determined. The sound speed of aqueous gels and lipid emulsions as a function of concentration was also measured. It was found that copper and nickel chloride are suitable chromophores for the construction of photoacoustic tissue phantoms due to their photostability. By contrast, organic dyes were found unsuitable for quantitative photoacoustic measurements due to optically induced transient changes to their absorption spectrum and permanent oxidative photobleaching.
Network Management using Multi-Agents System (2013)

This paper aims to present a multiagent system for network management. The models developed for the proposed system defines certain intelligent agents interact to achieve the objectives and requirements of the multiagent organization.These agents have the property of being adaptive, acquire knowledge and skills to make decisions according to the actual state of the network that is represented in the information base, MIB, SNMP devices. The ideal state of the network policy is defined by the end user entered, which contain the value that should have performance variables and other parameters such as the frequency with which these variables should be monitored.. An agent based architecture increase the integration, adaptability, cooperation, autonomy and the efficient operation in heterogeneous environment in the network supervision.
Flexible, ultrathin, and transparent sound-emitting devices using silver nanowires film (2011)

We demonstrated flexible, ultrathin, and transparent sound-emitting devices (SEDs) using silver nanowires (AgNWs). Large area of AgNWs film on substrate was made by dry transfer technique. The sound emission from the AgNWs was measured as a function of power, distance, and frequency. Significant flat and wide frequency responses occurred between 15 and 45 kHz. The sound pressure was in good agreement with theoretical results. This indicates that a thermoacoustic effect exists in AgNWs. The AgNWs-SEDs can be integrated with the liquid crystal display, which shows the potential to be an important component in flexible electronic systems.
Fabrication of a Patterned Interference Filter Array Deposited by an Atmospheric Pressure Vapour Deposition Technique (2009)

A method is demonstrated of making interference filters fabricated using a layer of metal oxide deposited by a new atmospheric pressure atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. By depositing different thicknesses of metal oxides between reflecting layers, filters with various spectral characteristics can be made. A method of patterning the ALD layers has been devised using ink-jet and this allows the fabrication of a colour filter arrays of any design. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.284]
Dynamics simulations for engineering macromolecular interactions (2013)

The predictable engineering of well-behaved transcriptional circuits is a central goal of synthetic biology. The artificial attachment of promoters to transcription factor genes usually results in noisy or chaotic behaviors, and such systems are unlikely to be useful in practical applications. Natural transcriptional regulation relies extensively on protein-protein interactions to insure tightly controlled behavior, but such tight control has been elusive in engineered systems. To help engineer protein-protein interactions, we have developed a molecular dynamics simulation framework that simplifies features of proteins moving by constrained Brownian motion, with the goal of performing long simulations. The behavior of a simulated protein system is determined by summation of forces that include a Brownian force, a drag force, excluded volume constraints, relative position constraints, and binding constraints that relate to experimentally determined on-rates and off-rates for chosen protein elements in a system. Proteins are abstracted as spheres. Binding surfaces are defined radially within a protein. Peptide linkers are abstracted as small protein-like spheres with rigid connections. To address whether our framework could generate useful predictions, we simulated the behavior of an engineered fusion protein consisting of two 20,000 Da proteins attached by flexible glycine/serine-type linkers. The two protein elements remained closely associated, as if constrained by a random walk in three dimensions of the peptide linker, as opposed to showing a distribution of distances expected if movement were dominated by Brownian motion of the protein domains only. We also simulated the behavior of fluorescent proteins tethered by a linker of varying length, compared the predicted Förster resonance energy transfer with previous experimental observations, and obtained a good correspondence. Finally, we simulated the binding behavior of a fusion of two ligands that could simultaneously bind to distinct cell-surface receptors, and explored the landscape of linker lengths and stiffnesses that could enhance receptor binding of one ligand when the other ligand has already bound to its receptor, thus, addressing potential mechanisms for improving targeted signal transduction proteins. These specific results have implications for the design of targeted fusion proteins and artificial transcription factors involving fusion of natural domains. More broadly, the simulation framework described here could be extended to include more detailed system features such as non-spherical protein shapes and electrostatics, without requiring detailed, computationally expensive specifications. This framework should be useful in predicting behavior of engineered protein systems including binding and dissociation reactions.
Corrosion Behavior of Metals in Flowing Ar-42.6%O2-14.7%Br2 Gas Mixture at 700°C (2006)

The corrosion behavior of pure metals that form the basis of high-temperature superalloys has been investigated in an Ar-42.6%O2-14.7%Br2 gas mixture at 700°C, which was one of the environments encountered in the University of Tokyo (UT)-3 thermochemical water decomposition reaction process to produce hydrogen. The test metals were nickel, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and tungsten. Thermodynamic phase stability diagrams were constructed for nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, titanium, tungsten, and zirconium to predict the stable, condensed corrosion products, and the oxides were predicted to be thermodynamically stable phases. Postreaction characterization of the test metals included discontinuous mass-change measurements, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and x-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction identified oxides as corrosion products for all metals. But low-melting metal bromides were also detected for titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, and iron; these caused rapid consumption of the metals. Although scanning electron microscopy revealed chromium oxide (Cr2O3) scale formation on chromium, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis identified bromine-containing species at the cracked scale/metal interface.
Bandwidth management and congestion control in plaNET (1991)

The protocols and mechanisms necessary for network bandwidth management and congestion control are addressed. The discussion draws heavily on the lessons learned from the design and implementation of plaNET, a high-speed packet-switching system for integrated voice, video, and data communications. A general overview of the mechanisms involved is given. The individual components of the system are discussed. Most of the conclusions are general and can be applied to other high-speed networks, including asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel mobile robot for finned tubes inspection (2003)

A novel mobile robot FTIR (Finned Tube Inspection Robot) for finned tube inspecting is presented in this paper. FTIR can move in both x- and y-direction on the top layer of the tubing that is installed in layers. The snake-like arms mounted on the robot can be lowered into the narrow space between the tubes and the tubing can be inspected through the device installed in the end of the arms. The moving mechanisms, inspecting device applied in narrow space and control system are introduced.
Repair and mutagenesis of plasmid DNA modified by ultraviolet irradiation or N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene. (1982)

Plasmid DNA was modified in vitro to various extents with N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene or UV irradiation. The modified plasmid DNAs were then used to transform Escherichia coli strains having different repair capabilities. Both survival and mutagenesis frequencies of the plasmid were measured as a function of the number of lesions per plasmid molecule. The majority of N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) adducts, like thymine dimers, were repaired by the excision (uvrA+-dependent) pathway. In rec+ strains, dose-dependent mutagenesis occurred in either AAF- or UV-modified plasmid DNA. This is in contrast with results obtained in recA- strains, in which only AAF adducts gave rise to a lower, but dose-dependent, mutagenesis frequency. In these recA- strains there was no UV mutagenesis. Unlike what is observed with phages, induction of the "SOS" functions by UV irradiation of the bacteria prior to transformation did not increase the survival or the mutagenesis of the plasmid.
Negative pressure wound therapy for skin grafts and surgical wounds healing by primary intention (2014)

Evidence for the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for reducing SSI and wound dehiscence remains unclear, as does the effect of NPWT on time to complete healing. Rates of graft loss may be lower when NPWT is used, but hospital-designed and built products are as effective in this area as commercial applications. There are clear cost benefits when non-commercial systems are used to create the negative pressure required for wound therapy, with no evidence of a negative effect on clinical outcome. In one study, pain levels were also rated lower when a 'home-made' system was compared with a commercial counterpart. The high incidence of blisters occurring when NPWT is used following orthopaedic surgery suggests that the therapy should be limited until safety in this population is established. Given the cost and widespread use of NPWT, there is an urgent need for suitably powered, high-quality trials to evaluate the effects of the newer NPWT products that are designed for use on clean, closed surgical incisions. Such trials should focus initially on wounds that may be difficult to heal, such as sternal wounds or incisions on obese patients.
Volumetric CT with sparse detector arrays (and application to Si-strip photon counters) (2015)

Novel x-ray medical imaging sensors, such as photon counting detectors (PCDs) and large area CCD and CMOS cameras can involve irregular and/or sparse sampling of the detector plane. Application of such detectors to CT involves undersampling that is markedly different from the commonly considered case of sparse angular sampling. This work investigates volumetric sampling in CT systems incorporating sparsely sampled detectors with axial and helical scan orbits and evaluates performance of model-based image reconstruction (MBIR) with spatially varying regularization in mitigating artifacts due to sparse detector sampling. Volumetric metrics of sampling density and uniformity were introduced. Penalized-likelihood MBIR with a spatially varying penalty that homogenized resolution by accounting for variations in local sampling density (i.e. detector gaps) was evaluated. The proposed methodology was tested in simulations and on an imaging bench based on a Si-strip PCD (total area 5 cm × 25 cm) consisting of an arrangement of line sensors separated by gaps of up to 2.5 mm. The bench was equipped with translation/rotation stages allowing a variety of scanning trajectories, ranging from a simple axial acquisition to helical scans with variable pitch. Statistical (spherical clutter) and anthropomorphic (hand) phantoms were considered. Image quality was compared to that obtained with a conventional uniform penalty in terms of structural similarity index (SSIM), image uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast, and noise. Scan trajectories with intermediate helical width (~10 mm longitudinal distance per 360° rotation) demonstrated optimal tradeoff between the average sampling density and the homogeneity of sampling throughout the volume. For a scan trajectory with 10.8 mm helical width, the spatially varying penalty resulted in significant visual reduction of sampling artifacts, confirmed by a 10% reduction in minimum SSIM (from 0.88 to 0.8) and a 40% reduction in the dispersion of SSIM in the volume compared to the constant penalty (both penalties applied at optimal regularization strength). Images of the spherical clutter and wrist phantoms confirmed the advantages of the spatially varying penalty, showing a 25% improvement in image uniformity and 1.8 × higher CNR (at matched spatial resolution) compared to the constant penalty. The studies elucidate the relationship between sampling in the detector plane, acquisition orbit, sampling of the reconstructed volume, and the resulting image quality. They also demonstrate the benefit of spatially varying regularization in MBIR for scenarios with irregular sampling patterns. Such findings are important and integral to the incorporation of a sparsely sampled Si-strip PCD in CT imaging.
Effects of<i>recJ</i>,<i>recQ</i>, and<i>recFOR</i>Mutations on Recombination in Nuclease-Deficient<i>recB recD</i>Double Mutants of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

The two main recombination pathways in Escherichia coli (RecBCD and RecF) have different recombination machineries that act independently in the initiation of recombination. Three essential enzymatic activities are required for early recombinational processing of double-stranded DNA ends and breaks: a helicase, a 5'-->3' exonuclease, and loading of RecA protein onto single-stranded DNA tails. The RecBCD enzyme performs all of these activities, whereas the recombination machinery of the RecF pathway consists of RecQ (helicase), RecJ (5'-->3' exonuclease), and RecFOR (RecA-single-stranded DNA filament formation). The recombination pathway operating in recB (nuclease-deficient) mutants is a hybrid because it includes elements of both the RecBCD and RecF recombination machineries. In this study, genetic analysis of recombination in a recB (nuclease-deficient) recD double mutant was performed. We show that conjugational recombination and DNA repair after UV and gamma irradiation in this mutant are highly dependent on recJ, partially dependent on recFOR, and independent of recQ. These results suggest that the recombination pathway operating in a nuclease-deficient recB recD double mutant is also a hybrid. We propose that the helicase and RecA loading activities belong to the RecBCD recombination machinery, while the RecJ-mediated 5'-->3' exonuclease is an element of the RecF recombination machinery.
Localized <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols (1991)

Abstract Localized, short echo 1 H magnetic resonance spectra from an area in the parietal cortex of three patients suffering from chronic hepatic encephalopathy are compared with equivalent spectra obtained from healthy control subjects. Three significant differences are found: elevated glutamine, decreased inositol, and decreased choline peak intensities. The elevation of cerebral glutamine concentration is expected as a consequence of the presumed chronic hyperammonemia in this disease. The finding of a 50% change in the inositol peak is physiologically unexpected and so far unaccounted for. Data acquisition and processing parameters are described in detail. To further define spectral abnormalities, which were readily detected in untransformed spectra, a simple data analysis scheme has been used that consists of post‐acquisition low‐frequency filtering, a lineshape transformation, and a difference technique to clarify spectral changes.
Observation of two different oscillation periods in the exchange coupling of Fe/Cr/Fe(100) (1991)

Oscillations of ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between two Fe layers separated by a Cr spacer of linearly increasing thickness were investigated by imaging the magnetic domains with scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). Up to six oscillations in the coupling with a period of 10--12 Cr layers were observed, and, in the case of an extremely well ordered Cr interlayer, additional oscillations with a period of 2 Cr layers were observed.
YkrB is the main peptide deformylase in Bacillus subtilis, a eubacterium containing two functional peptide deformylases (2001)

Peptide deformylation is an essential process in eubacteria. The peptide deformylase Def has been suggested to be an attractive target for antibacterial drug discovery. Some eubacteria including medically important pathogens possess two def-like genes. Until now, the functionality of both genes has been tested only in Staphylococcus aureus with the result that one gene copy was functional. Here, expression of two functional def-like gene products in Bacillus subtilis is demonstrated. Besides the def gene, which is chromosomally located close to the formyltransferase gene fmt and which was overexpressed and biochemically tested previously, B. subtilis possesses a second def-like gene, called ykrB. The encoded protein is 32% identical to the def gene product. It was shown that either def or ykrB had to be present for growth of B. subtilis in rich medium (each was individually dispensable). Studies with a def/ykrB double deletion strain with xylose-inducible ykrB copy demonstrated that, besides def, the gene ykrB is a second cellular target of deformylase inhibitors such as the antibiotic actinonin. The gene products exhibited similar enzymic properties, exemplified by similar inhibition efficacy of actinonin in biochemical assays. Antibiotic susceptibility tests with different deletion strains and Northern analyses indicated that YkrB is probably the predominant deformylase in B. subtilis. It was shown that duplication of the deformylase function does not lead to an increased actinonin-resistance frequency in comparison to B. subtilis mutants carrying only one deformylase gene.
Accurate Smartphone Indoor Visual Positioning Based on a High-Precision 3D Photorealistic Map (2018)

Indoor positioning is in high demand in a variety of applications, and indoor environment is a challenging scene for visual positioning. This paper proposes an accurate visual positioning method for smartphones. The proposed method includes three procedures. First, an indoor high-precision 3D photorealistic map is produced using a mobile mapping system, and the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the images are obtained from the mapping result. A point cloud is calculated using feature matching and multi-view forward intersection. Second, top-K similar images are queried using hamming embedding with SIFT feature description. Feature matching and pose voting are used to select correctly matched image, and the relationship between image points and 3D points is obtained. Finally, outlier points are removed using P3P with the coarse focal length. Perspective-four-point with unknown focal length and random sample consensus are used to calculate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the query image and then to obtain the positioning of the smartphone. Compared with established baseline methods, the proposed method is more accurate and reliable. The experiment results show that 70 percent of the images achieve location error smaller than 0.9 m in a 10 m × 15.8 m room, and the prospect of improvement is discussed.
Organic Bases for Gas Purification (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Bases for Gas PurificationR. R. BottomsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1931, 23, 5, 501–504Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50257a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50257a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts