gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network-based distributed planning for design and manufacturing (2002)

Planning in distributed environments requires efficient allocation of resources and access to information. This paper presents a basic theory and analysis of a class of distributed coevolutionary algorithms that supports planning in a networked environment. These algorithms are evaluated in a distributed information architecture that facilitates coevolutionary optimization of a design-supplier-manufacturing planning problem. Simulation analysis examines the percentage convergence error and the percentage computational advantage comparing the distributed algorithm to a centralized approach. The algorithms are evaluated in a realistic network setting and analyzed using models of network delays and processing times.
Two Mach-Zehnder-type tunable dispersion compensators integrated in series to increase bandwidth and/or range while maintaining single-knob control (2005)

We previously demonstrated a colorless three-stage Mach-Zehnder-interferometer-type 10-Gb/s tunable dispersion compensator (TDC) in a silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit. However, the bandwidth was too narrow to tolerate typical transmitter wavelength drift. Here we demonstrate a wider bandwidth version, in which we increased the TDC free-spectral range (FSR) and put two TDCs in series onto the same chip. Key features are that a single voltage tunes the entire device, and a single half-wave plate makes the entire device polarization insensitive. This 50-GHz FSR device allows 180 km of 9.95-Gb/s transmission. We also demonstrate a 100-GHz FSR version, which compensates /spl sim//spl plusmn/200 ps/nm of 42.7-Gb/s transmission.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev is required in vivo for binding of poly(A)-binding protein to Rev-dependent RNAs (1994)

In the absence of Rev or the Rev-responsive element, the Rev-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNAs do not behave as mRNAs; rather, they exhibit nuclear defects in splicing and/or nuclear export and cytoplasmic defects in stability and translation. A translational initiation factor, eIF-5A, has recently been shown to bind specifically to the Rev activation domain. As the binding of poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PAB1) to the poly(A) tail of mRNAs is involved in both the stability and translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs, we investigated whether Rev might influence the association of PAB1 with cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNAs. Antibodies were generated against PAB1. We used these antibodies in an immunoprecipitation assay to detect specific binding of PAB1 to cytoplasmic mRNAs. We found that in the presence of Rev, PAB1 was associated with Rev-dependent and Rev-independent RNAs in the cytoplasm of transfected cells. However, in the absence of functional Rev, we found little or no PAB1 associated with Rev-dependent RNAs. These RNAs were capable of binding PAB1 in vitro. These results demonstrate that HIV-1 RNAs are defective in PAB1 association in the absence of Rev.
An investigation of the array of circular-loop antennas (1971)

A circular-loop antenna composed of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> elements with arbitrary circumference arranged parallel in a row is analyzed by Fourier series expansion with emphasis on the existence of finite gaps at the driving points. The integral equations at the beginning are reduced to a series of linear simultaneous equations which contain only the Fourier coefficients of the electric currents of the same order. By appraising the current coefficients, the self-admittance is obtained as a sum of two parts: the finite series truncated at the number determined by the ratio of the circular-loop radius to the wire radius and the gap capacitance, and the mutual admittance is obtained as a finite series of fewer terms. Several computed curves concerning a parasitic endfire array of two elements are given, in which the computed values of the input admittance are substantiated by experiments, and radiation characteristics are examined to obtain a desirable configuration.
QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI AFFECTING δ13C AND RESPONSE TO DIFFERENTIAL WATER AVAILIBILITY IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (2005)

Phenotypic plasticity is an important response mechanism of plants to environmental heterogeneity. Here, we explored the genetic basis of plastic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to water deficit by experimentally mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in two recombinant inbred populations (Cvi × Ler and Ler × Col). We detected genetic variation and significant genotype-by-environment interactions for many traits related to water use. We also mapped 26 QTL, including six for carbon isotope composition (δ13C). Negative genetic correlations between fruit length and fruit production as well as between flowering time and branch production were corroborated by QTL colocalization, suggesting these correlations are due to pleiotropy or physical linkage. Water-limited plants were more apically dominant with greater root:shoot ratios and higher δ13C (higher water-use efficiency) when compared to well-watered plants. Many of the QTL effects for these traits interacted significantly with the irrigation treatment, suggesting that the observed phenotypic plasticity is genetically based. We specifically searched for epistatic (QTL-QTL) interactions using a two-dimensional genome scan, which allowed us to detect epistasis regardless of additive genetic effects. We found several significant QTL-QTL interactions including three that exhibited environmental dependence. These results provide preliminary evidence for proposed genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity.
112 Detection of Crack Propagation in Foam Core Sandwich Structures Using FBG Sensors Embedded in Crack Arrester (2007)

Key Wo tsFoam core sandwich
Effect of platelet‐activating factor antagonist BN 52063 on the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin (1991)

Cisplatin (DDP) is an effective anticancer agent that has been successfully applied against various solid tumors. However, DDP commonly causes nephrotoxicity. We observed that DDP led to significant alterations in renal microcirculation when administered to Munich-Wistar rats, with a concomitant decrease in single nephron glomerular filtration rate due to reduction in glomerular plasma flow and transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference. BN 52063, a platelet-activating factor antagonist, caused a striking change in acute renal failure induced by DDP leading toward normalization of all parameters of renal function. The results suggest that BN 52063 could be used as a novel drug to control DDP nephrotoxicity.
Reproduction Victorian town house; Apartheid; Blood blisters (1995)

Blank walls, frightening sheets of white paper waiting for the first lines of someone's life-poem...
Peptide Localization and Gene Structure of Cryptdin 4, a Differentially Expressed Mouse Paneth Cell α-Defensin (1999)

Paneth cells in crypts of the small intestine express antimicrobial peptides, including alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins in mice. Of the known Paneth cell alpha-defensins, the cryptdin 4 gene is unique, because it is inactive in the duodenum and expressed at maximal levels in the distal small bowel (D. Darmoul and A. J. Ouellette, Am. J. Physiol. 271:G68-G74, 1996). With a cryptdin 4-specific antibody, immunohistochemical staining of ileal Paneth cells was strong and specific for cytoplasmic granules, demonstrating that this microbicidal peptide is a secretory product of Paneth cells in the distal small intestine. Consistent with the pattern of cryptdin 4 mRNA distribution along the length of the gut, the cryptdin 4 peptide was not detected in duodenum. Structurally, the cryptdin 4 gene resembles other Paneth cell alpha-defensin genes. Its two exons, transcriptional start site, intron, splice sites, and 3' flanking sequences are characteristic of the highly conserved mouse alpha-defensin genes. However, in the region upstream of the transcriptional initiation site, the cryptdin 4 gene contains a repeated 130-bp element that is unique to this alpha-defensin gene. Every independent cryptdin 4 genomic clone examined carries the repeated element, which contains putative recognition sequences for TF-IID-EIIA, cMyc-RS-1, and IgHC.2/CuE1.1; the repeat proximal to the start of transcription replaces DNA at the corresponding position in other mouse alpha-defensin genes. We speculate that this unique duplicated element may have a cis-acting regulatory role in the positional specificity of cryptdin 4 gene expression.
Under a canopy (2021)

Use the rainforest as inspiration for investigating the colours of nature and creating a variety of different patterns and textures. Use creative resources to help children understand why it must be protected.
Relaxation Rate of Constituent Muscle-Fibre Types in Human Quadriceps (1979)

1. Muscle fibres may be subdivided into type I (with slow-twitch contractile properties) and type II (fast-twitch) depending on their myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity. In voluntary isometric contractions type I fibres are utilized at low forces (less than 20% of maximum) whereas type II fibres are recruited in addition at high forces. This physiological recruitment order has enabled us to measure the relaxtion rate of type I and II fibres in vivo in normal human subjects. 2. Relaxation rate was measured in 16 subjects from low (10% of maximum) and maximum isometric quadriceps contractions and the muscle-fibre type composition determined from needle-biopsy specimens in 10 subjects. The relaxation rate of type II fibres was calculated to be twice as fast as that of type I. 3. It was not possible to estimate, from studies in 33 quadriceps muscles (25 normal subjects), the contribution of type II fibres to overall fibre area from the relaxation rate as determined from electrically stimulated isometric contractions.
Protective effect of resin adsorption on septic plasma-induced tubular injury (2010)

Septic plasma induced a direct injury of tubular cells by favouring granulocyte adhesion, by inducing cell apoptosis and by altering cell polarity and function. All these biological effects are related to the presence of circulating inflammatory mediators that can be efficiently removed by resin adsorption with a consequent limitation of tubular cell injury.
Laboratory methods for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in newborns and infants (1992)

Cumulative data on serological testing of newborns and infants have shown that (i) maternal and newborn anti-HIV-1 IgG titers are high at delivery, which may explain the persistence of antibody in the infants of seropositive mothers; (ii) in some situations, serial HIV-1 antibody testing may identify infected infants; and (iii) detection of anti-HIV-1 IgA or IgM is specific for infection but the sensitivity of this assay may be compromised in certain situations, such as when infected infants are hypogammaglobulinemic or when the rise and fall of HIV-1-specific IgM synthesis following acute infection has been completed before delivery of the infant. Cumulative data on PCR, viral culture, and tests for antigen in newborns and infants have shown that (i) among all age groups, viral culture is probably the most specific test available for detection of HIV-1, as PCR and the p24 antigen test may (though rarely) give false-positive results; (ii) the sensitivity of these tests increases in the order of antigen, culture, and PCR, with relatively insensitive results in the first 3 months of life for all of these tests; (iii) the sensitivity of all of these tests improves and approximates 90 to 100% when infants over 6 months of age are tested; and (iv) data regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and usefulness of these virological assays in infants under 3 months of age are very scant and inconclusive.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Induces Prolonged Satiety: A Randomized Blind Crossover Study (2005)

The sustainability of surgically induced weight loss implies that energy homeostasis is favorably altered. We investigated the hypothesis that laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) induces prolonged satiety and that plasma ghrelin is involved. Seventeen weight-stable subjects who had achieved LAGB-induced weight loss attended blind crossover breakfast tests, one with optimal band restriction and one with reduced restriction. Standardized meals were consumed (0900 h) after 14-h fasting. Satiety visual analog scales were completed hourly (0700-1100 h) before and after feeding. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, and leptin levels were measured. Seventeen body mass index-matched controls were tested. Optimal restriction was associated with significantly greater fasting and postprandial satiety levels than reduced restriction (P < 0.01). Glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and leptin levels did not alter between optimal and reduced restriction. LAGB subjects displayed higher ghrelin (+12%, P = 0.13) and lower glucose (-17%, P = 0.018), insulin (-33%, P = 0.016), and leptin (-32%, P = 0.05) 4-h area under the curve levels than controls. Optimal LAGB restriction increased fasting and postprandial satiety levels. This supports the hypothesis that LAGB provides prolonged satiety, present even during fasting, favorably influencing energy homeostasis. Plasma insulin, leptin, and ghrelin appeared unrelated to the satiety effect and displayed orexigenic compensatory changes. Identifying the mechanisms underlying LAGB-induced satiety may assist the understanding of human energy homeostasis and obesity.
Differentiated agonistic antibody targeting CD137 eradicates large tumors without hepatotoxicity (2020)

CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR superfamily that represents a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Recent insights into the function of TNFR agonist antibodies implicate epitope, affinity, and IgG subclass as critical features, and these observations help explain the limited activity and toxicity seen with clinically tested CD137 agonists. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization of CTX-471, a fully human IgG4 agonist of CD137 that engages a unique epitope that is shared by human, cynomolgus monkey, and mouse and is associated with a differentiated pharmacology and toxicology profile. In vitro, CTX-471 increased IFN-γ production by human T cells in an Fcγ receptor-dependent (FcγR-dependent) manner, displaying an intermediate level of activity between 2 clinical-stage anti-CD137 antibodies. In mice, CTX-471 exhibited curative monotherapy activity in various syngeneic tumor models and showed a unique ability to cure mice of very large (~500 mm3) tumors compared with validated antibodies against checkpoints and TNFR superfamily members. Extremely high doses of CTX-471 were well tolerated, with no signs of hepatic toxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CTX-471 is a unique CD137 agonist that displays an excellent safety profile and an unprecedented level of monotherapy efficacy against very large tumors.
Design concept development of a spherical stepper for robotic applications (1991)

The design concept of a spherical stepper motor capable of three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) motion in a single joint is presented. The ball-joint-like motor has no singularities except at the boundary of the workspace and can perform isotropic manipulation in all three directions. Due to its relatively simple ball-like structure, undesired cross-coupling and centrifugal components of wrist rotor dynamics can be effectively minimized or eliminated. The spherical stepper motor has potential in robotic applications as a three-DOF shoulder or an eyeball, as well as a wrist actuator. In particular, the systematic conceptualization of a spherical stepper is presented, and the feasibility of constructing the spherical stepper is examined. Along with the experimental data, an analytical approach based on the permeance formula was used to predict the driving forces generated by a neodymium-iron permanent magnet. The force-displacement curves provide useful information for rational spherical motor design and control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amino acid sequences of substrate-binding sites in chicken liver fatty acid synthase (1988)

The amino acid sequences of three essential regions of chicken liver fatty acid synthase have been determined: that around 4'-phosphopantetheine ("carrier" site), the substrate "loading" site containing serine, and a "waiting" site for the growing fatty acid containing cysteine. The amino acid sequence of the 4'-phosphopantetheine region was determined for the acetyl-, malonyl-, hydroxybutyryl-, and butyryl-enzyme with peptides obtained by hydrolysis of the enzyme with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus (V8) protease. The sequence region around the essential serine was obtained for the acetyl- and malonyl-enzyme. The N-terminus of the tryptic peptide was blocked. However, the same sequence is obtained for the acetyl- and malonyl-peptide after S. aureus protease digestion, suggesting that the enzyme contains a single acyl transferase rather than two separate transacylases. The sequence around the cysteine was obtained by use of a radioactive iodoacetamide label. An unusual sequence of three serines adjacent to the cysteine was found. The strong similarities between peptides from different species for all three of the regions suggest that the multifunctional polypeptides from yeast and animals have evolved from the monofunctional enzymes of lower species.
Days at Tuskegee (2004)

I didn't realize it before I arrived, but the upperclassmen in advanced training hazed the underclassmen at Tuskegee. They would come over and make us recite a whole lot of foolishness. We memorized things like "What is a dodo bird, and what's a cow? She walks, she talks, and she's full of chalk. The lacteal fluid that comes from her udders is delectable to the nth degree!" We repeated such nonsense. And we would have to shout "Yes sir!" and "No sir!" to the upperclassmen when they questioned us, as if they were our senior superiors. If you didn't answer their questions properly they would make you sit on a little red imaginary stool until sweat streamed down your face, your legs cramped and your whole body was aching. When we walked around the airbase, we'd have to run and spread our arms out like wings. We were hazed.
Elecciones iraquíes 2010: clave para la evolución interna y regional (2010)

La lucha de baja intensidad entre EEUU e Iran en los meses previos a las elecciones legislativas iraquies del 7 de marzo es una clara muestra de que son cruciales no solo para Iraq sino para el equilibrio de poder en la region. Sin embargo, la aceptacion del embajador estadounidense en Bagdad de la descalificacion de importantes candidatos afines, como Saleh al-Mutlak y Dafer al-Ani, para las elecciones, es un reconocimiento implicito de la derrota estadounidense. Washington ha preferido no seguir tensando la cuerda de la batalla preelectoral ante el temor de que se rompiese, pues su prioridad, por encima de que ganen las elecciones las listas que apoyan, es que se celebren para poder seguir su politica de desconexion de Iraq y concentrarse en Afganistan.
Atomic and electronic structure of gold clusters: understanding flakes, cages and superatoms from simple concepts (2008)

Atomic structure and electronic structure are intimately interrelated properties of nanoclusters and nanoparticles, defining their stability, electronic, optical and chemical properties, in other words, their usability as potential components for nanoscale devices. This tutorial review attempts to describe the development in understanding the structures of bare and ligand-protected gold clusters over the past decade, based on selected density-functional-theory calculations. This review should be of interest both to newcomers in the field and to an interdisciplinary community of researchers working in synthesis, characterization and utilization of ligand-protected gold clusters.
Thermally poled silica glass: Laser induced pressure pulse probe of charge distribution (1996)

Charge distributions in thermally poled silica glass are mapped by using laser induced pressure pulse technique. The experimental results may be explained through postulating the formation of both real space charge layers and dipole polarization inside the depletion region.
Greatly improved 3C-SiC p-n junction diodes grown by chemical vapor deposition (1993)

The fabrication and initial electrical characterization of greatly improved 3C-SiC ( beta -SiC) p-n junction diodes are reported. These diodes, which were grown on commercially available 6H-SiC ( alpha -SiC) substrates by chemical vapor deposition, demonstrate rectification to -200 V at room temperature, representing a fourfold improvement in reported 3C-SiC diode blocking voltage. The reverse leakage currents and saturation current densities measured on these diodes also show significant improvement compared to previously reported 3C-SiC p-n junction diodes. When placed under sufficient forward bias, the diodes emit significantly bright green-yellow light. These results should lead to substantial advancements in 3C-SiC transistor performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control Exchange Points: Providing QoS-enabled End-to-End Services via SDN-based Inter-domain Routing Orchestration (2016)

This paper presents the vision of the Control Exchange Point (CXP) architectural model. The model is motivated by the inflexibility and ossification of today's inter-domain routing system, which renders critical QoS-constrained end-to-end (e2e) network services difficult or simply impossible to provide. CXPs operate on slices of ISP networks and are built on basic Software Defined Networking (SDN) principles, such as the clean decoupling of the routing control plane from the data plane and the consequent logical centralization of control. The main goal of the architectural model is to provide e2e services with QoS constraints across domains. This is achieved through defining a new type of business relationship between ISPs, which advertise partial paths (so-called pathlets) with specific properties, and the orchestrating role of the CXPs, which dynamically stitch them together and provision e2e QoS. Revenue from value-added services flows from the clients of the CXP to the ISPs participating in the service. The novelty of the approach is the combination of SDN programmability and dynamic path stitching techniques for inter-domain routing, which extends the value proposition of SDN over multiple domains. We first describe the challenges related to e2e service provision with the current inter-domain routing and peering model, and then continue with the benefits of our approach. Subsequently, we describe the CXP model in detail and report on an initial feasibility analysis.
Multi-View Glass-Less 3-D Display by Parallax Barrier of Step Structure (2007)

The parallax barrier of step structure (step barrier) technology with multiple parallax images has overcome the problem of conventional parallax barrier system that the image quality of each image deteriorates only in the horizontal direction. The step barrier distributes the resolution reduction both to the horizontal and the vertical directions. The system has a simple structure, which consists of a flat-panel display and a step barrier....