gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Marine Risers for Deep Water (1973)

ABSTRACT An analysis model is described for calculating the static and dynamic behavior of a marine riser supported from a floating vessel. A l6-inch riser was analyzed for water depths of 400 to 2000 feet to demonstrate the consequences of extrapolating an existing riser design into deeper water. The results showed that it is practical to use the riser in 2000 feet of water if suitable buoyancy modules are attached to the riser. The dynamic behavior of the riser, caused primarily by vessel response to waves, proved to be a significant design factor for all water depths. INTRODUCTION The marine riser is a conductor pipe used in floating drilling operations to convey drilling fluid and to guide tools between the drilling vessel and the wellhead at the ocean floor. The essential features of marine riser design were defined by Fischer and Ludwig1 who showed, with a static analysis, the importance of tensioning the riser to prevent buckling and to control deflections and stress. An analysis by Tidwell and ILfrey2 further illustrated these effects. Fischer and Ludwig recognized the possible effects of dynamic behavior on the riser, but reasoned that these effects would not be a critical design factor for water depths up to a thousand feet if the riser diameter were held to a minimum. As exploratory drilling operations move into deeper water, the dynamic effects in riser design become of increasing concern. The significance of dynamic behavior for riser design was recognized by National Engineering and Science Company in their analysis of the 14,000 foot long drilling riser for the project Mohole. 3,4 Their study showed that riser dynamic behavior was a significant factor in design, and that the most significant portion of the dynamic behavior was caused by motions of the drilling vessel, rather than wave forces on the riser. The analysis model described in this paper was formulated to analyze, both statically and dynamically, the types of marine risers presently used in floating drilling operations. The analysis method employs a numerical integration scheme that differs from the series solution method employed by Fischer and Ludwig, and the finite difference methods used by Tidwell and ILfrey, and NESCO. The numerical integration method is particularly suited for an accurate representation of parameters that vary along the length of the riser and for efficient implementation on a digital computer. The purpose of this paper is to describe the mathematical model that was developed, and to illustrate the usefulness of the model with an example that shows the effects of extending a riser design into deeper water.
Photoinduced RNA interference using DMNPE-caged 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro substituted nucleic acids <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Various chemical modifications to RNA have been incorporated in attempts to improve their pharmacological properties for RNAi interference (RNAi). Recent studies have shown that small interfering RNA (siRNA) containing 2'-fluoro modifications can elicit gene silencing through RNAi. Despite developments in using chemical modifications for increased stability, safety, and efficiency of these therapeutics, they still face challenges of spatial and temporal targeting. One potential targeting strategy is to use photocaging techniques, which involve the covalent attachment of photolabile compounds to the effector nucleic acid species that block bioactivity until exposed to near UV light. In this study we demonstrate that fully 2'-fluorinated nucleic acids (FNAs) can be caged for photoactivated gene silencing in cell culture and in zebrafish embryos. This strategy combines the improvement in chemical and enzymatic stability associated with 2'-substitutions with the targeting ability of a photoinducible trigger. Statistical alkylation of FNAs with 1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane (DMNPE) improved resistance to enzymatic degradation, reduced RNAi effectiveness, and protected the biological system from toxic doses of the effector. Photo-exposure to 365 nm light partially restored the silencing activity of the 2'-fluoro siRNAs. These results suggest that photocaging may offer control over RNAi therapeutics for spatially and temporally directed activation, while improving enzymatic stability and potentially enabling therapeutic dosing via light dose intensity.
High performance 22/20nm FinFET CMOS devices with advanced high-K/metal gate scheme (2010)

A high performance 22/20nm CMOS bulk FinFET achieves the best in-class N/P I<inf>on</inf> values of 1200/1100 µA/µm for I<inf>off</inf>=100nA/µm at 1V. Excellent device electrostatic control is demonstrated for gate length (L<inf>gate</inf>) down to 20nm. Dual-Epitaxy and multiple stressors are essential to boost the device performance. Dual workfunction (WF) with an advanced High-K/Metal gate (HK/MG) stack is deployed in an integration-friendly CMOS process flow. This dual-WF approach provides excellent V<inf>th</inf> roll-off immunity in the short-channel regime that allows properly positioning the long-channel device V<inf>th</inf>. Enhanced 193nm immersion lithography has enabled the stringent requirements of the 22/20nm ground rules. Reliability of our advanced HK/MG stack is promising. Excellent SRAM static noise margin at 0.45V is reported.
Batch-fabricated heads from an operational standpoint (1975)

Operational reliability problems associated with the materials and packaging of current batch-fabricated head designs are described as they are used in digital tape drive applications. Using ferrite as the basic head material a design is presented, that successfully meets the reliability conditions.
Congenital Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Deficiency (1993)

The proband, a 43-year-old woman, suffered from right transverse sinus thrombosis during oral contraceptive treatment. A month after stopping the drug, her plasma activities of antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor were normal, but her plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) level was only 21% of the normal level of 109.5 +/- 51.5% (mean +/- 2 SD). The HRG concentrations in her plasma determined on four different occasions over 6 months were similar. She showed no clinical signs of liver insufficiency or sepsis. Low levels of plasma HRG (20% to 35% of normal) were also found in her aunt, uncle and two daughters. These results suggest that congenital HRG deficiency is inheritary in this family.
Diffusion behavior of the spin valve structure (2001)

NiMn/NiFe/Co/Cu/Co/NiFe/seed layer (sample No. 1) and NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/Ru/CoFe/NiFe/NiMn/Seed layer (sample No. 2), are investigated by using high resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy and an imaging filter. The compositional analysis demonstrated that the diffusions of the Mn and Ni into the Cu/Co bilayer are only observed in sample No. 1. This result indicated that the Ru layer in sample No. 2 might not only act as the spacer of the synthetic antiferromagnet but also behaves as a good diffusion barrier for the Ni and Mn element in the spin valve structure. The diffusion coefficients of constituent elements are simply investigated using the Matano–Boltzmann method. The diffusion mechanisms of Cu in Co layer and Co in Cu layer were primarily dominated by the grain boundary.
Postconditioning protects rabbit hearts through a protein kinase C-adenosine A2b receptor cascade (2006)

Salvage of ischemic myocardium by postconditioning is dependent on activation of A2b receptors, which in turn depends on activation of PKC. It is still unclear why PKC activation is required to make the heart's adenosine become protective.
Practical Application of Order-preserving Encryption in Wide Column Stores (2016)

Order-preserving encryption (OPE) produces ciphertexts that preserve the relative order of the underlying

plaintexts. Thus, it is very suitable for range queries over encrypted outsourced data, as it is a popular case

in cloud database scenarios. Unfortunately, most schemes suffer from infeasibility in practice due to requirements

like hardly maintainable data structures or additional architectural components. While OPE is a widely

discussed topic in theory, to our knowledge only one OPE scheme received noticeable practical attention

((Boldyreva et al., 2009) for SQL-based systems in (Popa et al., 2011; Tu et al., 2013)). Therefore, our work

identifies the practical requirements for utilizing OPE in real world usage with focus on existing NoSQL cloud

database technologies. We evaluate a variety of popular schemes and propose improvements for two of them

in order to further improve their practicability. Then we assess the performance of our modifications in comparison

to the approach of (Boldyreva et al., 2011) (which can be considered the successor of (Boldyreva et al.,

2009) by a runtime analysis in combination with two popular NoSQL wide column store databases.
Quantitative Amino Acid Analysis (2006)

This overview unit describes the information that can be derived from quantitative amino acid analysis, presents some details on sample preparation, and gives examples of the calculations that are needed.
Modeling of the Secondary System's Generated Interference and Studying of its Impact on the Secondary System Design (2010)

In this paper we study how much capacity a cellular secondary system can achieve if the interference to the TV system is kept under control. The interference is modeled and controlled in a slow fading environment. The secondary system's capacity is computed for the adjacent and for the co-channel (with respect to the TV channel). We study the behavior of the system capacity while changing the size of the no transmission area surrounding the TV coverage area. It turns out that for most of the secondary cell sizes the network with adjacent channel is in interference limited mode and the network with co-channel is in noise limited mode. Since in the co-channel we can not use very high power it is recommended to use in bigger cells only adjacent channel.
Data Fusion and IoT for Smart Ubiquitous Environments: A Survey (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is set to become one of the key technological developments of our times provided we are able to realize its full potential. The number of objects connected to IoT is expected to reach 50 billion by 2020 due to the massive influx of diverse objects emerging progressively. IoT, hence, is expected to be a major producer of big data. Sharing and collaboration of data and other resources would be the key for enabling sustainable ubiquitous environments, such as smart cities and societies. A timely fusion and analysis of big data, acquired from IoT and other sources, to enable highly efficient, reliable, and accurate decision making and management of ubiquitous environments would be a grand future challenge. Computational intelligence would play a key role in this challenge. A number of surveys exist on data fusion. However, these are mainly focused on specific application areas or classifications. The aim of this paper is to review literature on data fusion for IoT with a particular focus on mathematical methods (including probabilistic methods, artificial intelligence, and theory of belief) and specific IoT environments (distributed, heterogeneous, nonlinear, and object tracking environments). The opportunities and challenges for each of the mathematical methods and environments are given. Future developments, including emerging areas that would intrinsically benefit from data fusion and IoT, autonomous vehicles, deep learning for data fusion, and smart cities, are discussed.
Influencing FTO thin film growth with thin seeding layers: a route to microstructural modification (2015)

A two-step seed-overlay chemical vapour deposition synthesis to tune morphology for highly rough, low haze FTO TCO thin films.
Induction of growth hormone (GH) mRNA by pulsatile GH-releasing hormone in rats is pattern specific (2000)

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a main inducer of growth hormone (GH) pulses in most species studied to date. There is no information regarding the pattern of GHRH secretion as a regulator of GH gene expression. We investigated the roles of the parameters of exogenous GHRH administration (frequency, amplitude, and total amount) upon induction of pituitary GH mRNA, GH content, and somatic growth in the female rat. Continuous GHRH infusions were ineffective in altering GH mRNA levels, GH stores, or weight gain. Changing GHRH pulse amplitude between 4, 8, and 16 microg/kg at a constant frequency (Q3.0 h) was only moderately effective in augmenting GH mRNA levels, whereas the 8 microg/kg and 16 microg/kg dosages stimulated weight gain by as much as 60%. When given at a 1.5-h frequency, GHRH doubled the amount of GH mRNA, elevated pituitary GH stores, and stimulated body weight gain. In the rat model, pulsatile but not continuous GHRH administration is effective in inducing pituitary GH mRNA and GH content as well as somatic growth. These studies suggest that the greater growth rate, pituitary mRNA levels, and GH stores seen in male compared with female rats are likely mediated, in part, by the endogenous episodic GHRH secretory pattern present in males.
Reduced Flow‐and Acetylcholine‐Induced Dilations in Visceral Compared to Subcutaneous Adipose Arterioles in Human Morbid Obesity (2014)

Our results suggest that VAT arterioles display reduced vasodilator reactivity to flow and ACh compared to SAT arterioles, mediated by different regulatory mechanisms in human obesity.
Unit-length line-1 transcripts in human teratocarcinoma cells. (1988)

We have characterized the approximately 6.5-kilobase cytoplasmic poly(A)+ Line-1 (L1) RNA present in a human teratocarcinoma cell line, NTera2D1, by primer extension and by analysis of cloned cDNAs. The bulk of the RNA begins (5' end) at the residue previously identified as the 5' terminus of the longest known primate genomic L1 elements, presumed to represent "unit" length. Several of the cDNA clones are close to 6 kilobase pairs, that is, close to full length. The partial sequences of 18 cDNA clones and full sequence of one (5,975 base pairs) indicate that many different genomic L1 elements contribute transcripts to the 6.5-kilobase cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA in NTera2D1 cells because no 2 of the 19 cDNAs analyzed had identical sequences. The transcribed elements appear to represent a subset of the total genomic L1s, a subset that has a characteristic consensus sequence in the 3' noncoding region and a high degree of sequence conservation throughout. Two open reading frames (ORFs) of 1,122 (ORF1) and 3,852 (ORF2) bases, flanked by about 800 and 200 bases of sequence at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, can be identified in the cDNAs. Both ORFs are in the same frame, and they are separated by 33 bases bracketed by two conserved in-frame stop codons. ORF 2 is interrupted by at least one randomly positioned stop codon in the majority of the cDNAs. The data support proposals suggesting that the human L1 family includes one or more functional genes as well as an extraordinarily large number of pseudogenes whose ORFs are broken by stop codons. The cDNA structures suggest that both genes and pseudogenes are transcribed. At least one of the cDNAs (cD11), which was sequenced in its entirety, could, in principle, represent an mRNA for production of the ORF1 polypeptide. The similarity of mammalian L1s to several recently described invertebrate movable elements defines a new widely distributed class of elements which we term class II retrotransposons.
Mutation of p53 in primary biopsy material and cell lines from Hodgkin disease. (1993)

The p53 tumor-suppressor gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that arrests cell cycle progress at G1. It may facilitate DNA damage repair and is frequently mutated in many human tumors. Hodgkin disease, a malignant condition of the lymphoid system, is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and mononuclear variants (Hodgkin cells), whose etiology remains unknown. The large multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells often comprise < 1% of the total cell population within a biopsy specimen and are thought to be the neoplastic component in an admixture of reactive cells. It has been shown in the large majority of cases that up to 60% of these multinucleated cells react with CM-1, an anti-p53 antibody. However, whether this "overexpression" of p53 protein reflects abnormality at the DNA level can no longer be assumed by immunocytochemistry alone. p53 from six Hodgkin disease-derived cell lines was examined by immunoprecipitation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and sequencing. In one cell line, point mutations were identified in exons 5 and 8 of p53. Sequencing of cloned PCR products confirmed the mutations to be on different alleles. A strategy involving extraction of nuclei followed by enrichment by flow cytometry was used to determine whether p53 overexpression in the Reed-Sternberg cells from patient biopsy material was due to mutations in this gene. Single-strand conformation polymorphism revealed additional bands in the polyploid nuclear preparations, suggesting abnormalities, and sequence analysis confirmed the presence of point mutations.
An Activity Ontology for Enterprise Modelling (1994)

We present a logical framework for representing activities, states, and time in an enterprise integration architecture. We define an ontology for these concepts in first-order logic and consider the problems of temporal projection and reasoning about the occurrence of actions. This framework provides the basis for research in integrated supply chain management and enterprise engineering, as well as a new area for the application of theories of action and time. Content Area: Knowledge Representation
Synthesis and evaluation of some surface active agents from long chain fatty amine (2007)

This study continues our series of synthesis of surface active agents containing heterocyclic moiety. NHeptadecanoyl- 3-(4-oxo-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-2-yl)- acrylamide (4) was used as a new starting material to synthesize propenoxylated nonionic surface active agents having heterocycles such as (thiazole, triazole, benzoxazine, quinazoline, triazine, and oxazine). The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic tools (IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy). Physical properties such as surface and interfacial tension, cloud point, foaming height, wetting time, emulsification power and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were determined. Antimicrobial and biodegradability properties were also screened. It was found that the produced novel groups of nonionic surface active agents have pronounced surface properties and good antimicrobial activities.
Focus On (1995)

The Biomedical Engineering Department of the Washington Hospital Center provides clinical engineering services to an urban 907-bed, tertiary care teaching hospital and a variety of associated healthcare facilities. With an annual budget of over $3,000,000, the 24-person department provides cradle-to-grave support for a host of sophisticated medical devices and imaging systems such as lasers, CT scanners, and linear accelerators as well as traditional patient care instrumentation. Hallmarks of the department include its commitment to customer service and patient care, close collaboration with clinicians and quality assurance teams throughout the hospital system, proactive involvement in all phases of the technology management process, and shared leadership in safety standards with the hospital's risk management group. Through this interactive process, the department has assisted the Center not only in the acquisition of 11,000 active devices with a value of more than $64 million, but also in becoming one of the leading providers of high technology healthcare in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.
Specific recognition of DNA depurination by a luminescent terbium(iii) complex (2013)

Recognition of DNA depurination is of great importance for early cancer detection. Current analytical methods for this purpose are usually complicated. Luminescent lanthanide complexes possess some fascinating optical properties that have shown potential applications in biomedical research. In this study, a novel terbium(III) complex (TbL) has been demonstrated to be capable of recognizing purine nucleobases in DNA as a selective time-resolved luminescence probe. TbL consists of a luminescent terbium(III) center and two nitroimidazole groups linked by a linear polydentate ligand. The luminescence of TbL is enhanced remarkably upon reaction with oligonucleotides or natural DNA containing purine bases in aqueous solution, while it is quenched dramatically as depurination occurs to DNA. Mechanistic studies using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies reveal that the luminescence enhancement results from the preferential intercalation between the nitroimidazole moieties of TbL and the purine bases of DNA, which regulate the electron withdrawing effect of nitro groups via hydrogen bonds and thereby affect the energy transfer from the ligand to the metal center of the probe. This mechanism is also supported by molecular dynamics simulation results for the reaction. The distinct luminescence responses of TbL in the presence and absence of purine bases in DNA make it a sensitive probe for DNA depurination in physiological conditions.
CaM kinase II: a protein kinase with extraordinary talents germane to insulin exocytosis. (1999)

CaM kinase II, a multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, is expressed in the pancreatic beta-cell and is activated by glucose and other secretagogues in a manner correlating with insulin secretion. It is proposed that the activation of CaM kinase II mediates some of the actions of Ca2+ on the exocytosis of insulin secretory granules. This suggestion is supported by the localization of CaM kinase II to the insulin secretory granule and by the identification of two secretory-relevant proteins, MAP-2 and synapsin I, as endogenous substrates in the beta-cell. Mechanistically, CaM kinase II appears to be involved in secretory steps proximal to granule fusion at the plasmalemma, and may facilitate protracted secretion through control of the interaction of granules with the cell cytoskeleton and their mobilization from intracellular synthesis sites. Through its unique regulatory properties, however, CaM kinase II is predicted to serve in more specialized aspects of the secretory process. In particular, the ability of CaM kinase II to remain active after cell stimulation is suggested to represent a mechanism by which releasable pools of granules are replenished between stimuli.