gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apriori-LLR-Threshold-Assisted K-Best Sphere Detection for MIMO Channels (2008)

When the maximum number of best candidates retained at each tree search level of the K-Best Sphere Detection (SD) is kept low for the sake of maintaining a low memory requirement and computational complexity, the SD may result in a considerable performance degradation in comparison to the full-search based Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. In order to circumvent this problem, in this contribution we propose a novel complexity-reduction scheme, referred to as the Apriori-LLR- Threshold (ALT) based technique for the A'-best SD, which was based on the exploitation of the a priori LLRs provided by the outer channel decoder in the context of iterative detection aided channel coded systems. For example, given a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , a near- ML performance is achieved in an (8 times 4)-element rank-deficient 4-QAM system, despite imposing a factor two reduced detection candidate list generation related complexity and a factor eight reduced extrinsic LLR calculation related complexity, when compared to the conventional SD-aided iterative benchmark receiver. The associated memory requirements were also reduced by a factor of eight.
Colon carcinoma cells with inactive <i>nm23</i> show increased motility and response to motility factors (1995)

nm23H1 has properties of a metastasis suppressor gene. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, nm23 has been implicated in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) signal transduction. In an earlier study we decreased nm23 mRNA levels 2- to 8-fold by antisense phosphorothiolated oligonucleotides in two HT29 colon carcinoma sublines at different stages in tumor progression with different responses to TGF beta 1: the HD3 subline, which shows TGF beta 1-induced growth arrest and differentiation; and the more tumorigenic U9 subline, whose growth and invasion are stimulated by TGF beta 1. Only TGF beta 1-mediated responses in HD3 cells were inhibited by nm23 antisense oligos, suggesting that nm23 functions in only one TGF beta 1 signaling pathway. In the current report we have extended this study to cell motility. HD3 motility was increased by nm23 phosphorothiolated antisense oligos which decrease nm23 mRNA levels, while HD3 cell motility was conversely decreased by TGF beta 1 which increases nm23 mRNA levels. HD3 motility was not increased by basic FGF, TGF beta 1 or TGF alpha, while the 13-fold higher basal motility of U9 cells was stimulated 3-fold by basic FGF, 4-fold by TGF beta 1 and 5-fold by TGF alpha, but not by scatter factor. Differences in motility and response to motility factors could not be ascribed to differences in either basal levels of proteases or modulation of their levels by TGF beta 1. Both HD3 and U9 cells displayed equal levels of urokinase activity and mRNA, equal expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-1, and no detectable collagenases by zymography. No differential response to TGF beta 1 was seen in any of these assays. Thus limited cell motility and lack of response to motility factors in HD3 colon cancer cells could be correlated with expression of nm23 active in signal transduction.
A New Interference Phenomenon in Sub-60nm Nitride-Based Flash Memory (2007)

It is the first time to disclose that the similar interference from adjacent wordlines as found in floating-gate flash memory also exists in nitride-based flash memory. For sub-60nm nitride-based flash technologies, this interference effect cannot be ignored any more and should be well taken into consideration when defining the operation window of the memory products.
Gas-phase coupling of methyl radicals during the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase coupling of methyl radicals during the catalytic partial oxidation of methaneKenneth D. Campbell, Edrick Morales, and Jack H. LunsfordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 25, 7900–7901Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00259a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00259a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views568Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement and validation of PbS nanocrystal energy levels (2008)

Cyclic voltammetry was used to measure PbS nanocrystal (PbS-NC) energy levels. Accuracy of these measurements was justified by electron transfer experiments, with well known fullerene derivatives, which included photoluminescence quenching experiments and current density-voltage measurements of hybrid photovoltaic devices. It is believed that these energy level measurements, carried out on PbS-NCs under ambient conditions, would provide valuable information for the design and fabrication of optimized hybrid nanoelectronic devices.
Greater secretion of growth hormone in black than in white men: possible factor in greater bone mineral density--a clinical research center study. (1995)

To determine why blacks have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) and lower incidence of osteoporosis and fractures than whites, we investigated whether the secretion of GH is higher in black than in white men. Measurements of GH were obtained at 20-min intervals over 24 h and analyzed by deconvolution. BMD was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 16 normal black and 17 normal white men, aged 20-40 yr. The 24-h integrated GH concentration 942 +/- 174 vs. 602 +/- 104 micrograms/L; P = 0.0495) and GH secretory burst amplitude (0.499 +/- 0.163 vs. 0.169 +/- 0.027 micrograms/L.min; P = 0.0482) were higher in black than in white men. GH burst frequency, half-duration, mass, and half-life were not different in the 2 groups. The serum 17 beta-estradiol level (162 +/- 12 vs. 108 +/- 11 pmol/L; P = 0.0011) was higher, and the serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 level (2.2 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.1 microgram/mL; P = 0.0001) was lower in black than in white men. BMD values for total body (1.22 +/- 0.02 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.02 g/cm2; P = 0.0041), forearm (0.69 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.66 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; P = 0.0211), trochanter (0.91 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P = 0.0003), and femoral neck (1.08 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P = 0.0007) were higher in black than in white men. Thus, serum 17 beta-estradiol level, GH secretion, and BMD values for the total body, forearm, trochanter, and femoral neck are greater in black than in white men. As estrogen is known to increase GH secretion and GH to increase bone mass, increases in circulating 17 beta-estradiol may contribute to the higher GH secretion and bone mass in black men.
Use of β-<scp>D</scp>-galactosidase and β-<scp>D</scp>-glucuronidase activities for quantitative detection of total and fecal coliforms in wastewater (2001)

Two enzymatic methods based on the measurement of the β-D-galactosidase activity of total coliforms and the β-D-glucuronidase activity of Escherichia coli were used to assess coliform levels in wastewater alongside traditional culture-based techniques, which can be biased by the aggregation of bacteria or their attachment to particles. Enzymatic methods were precise (i.e., coefficients of variation were 9%15%), rapid (response in 20 min), and correlated well (in log units) with traditional techniques for raw and treated sewage (r 2 > 0.75). They were used for rapid assessment of coliform removal efficiency in two different wastewater treatments. These methods could be useful for the estimation of the abundance of coliforms in domestic sewage and their removal by wastewater treatment processes.Key Words: wastewater, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, β-D-galactosidase activity, β-D-glucuronidase activity.
Drilling Fluid Technology: Performances and Environmental Considerations (2010)

Petroleum drilling is the primordial step in the success of oilfield exploration. This success is based, on the one hand, on the important details derived from geological drilled formations and, on the other hand, on the good drill-in reservoir conditions. Thus, the paramount drilling objectives are to reach the target safely in the shortest possible time and at the lowest possible cost, with required additional sampling and evaluation constraints dictated by the particular application. Drilling the wellbore is the first and the most expensive step in the oil and gas industry. Expenditures for drilling represent 25% of the total oilfield exploitation cost and are concentrated mostly in exploration and development of well drilling. In the 90s, drilling operations represented about $10.9 billions, compared with $45.2 billions (API, 1991), the total cost of US petroleum industry exploration and production. Drilling fluids, which represent till one fifth (15 to 18%) of the total cost of well petroleum drilling, must generally comply with three important requirements: they should be, i) easy to use, ii) not too expensive and iii) environmentally friendly. The complex drilling fluids play several functions simultaneously. They are intended to clean the well, hold the cuttings in suspension, prevent caving, ensure the tightness of the well wall, flood diesel oil or water and form an impermeable cake near the wellbore area. Moreover, they also have to cool and lubricate the tool, transfer the hydraulic power and carry information about the nature of the drilled formation by raising the cuttings from the bottom to the surface. Figure Drilling fluids went through major technological evolution, since the first operations performed in the US, using a simple mixture of water and clays, to complex mixtures of various specific organic and inorganic products used nowadays. These products improve fluid rheological properties and filtration capability, allowing to penetrate heterogeneous geological formations under the best conditions. www.intechopen.
Theory, Design, and Performance Characteristics of a Direct-Reading Portable Solid Contaminant Analyzer (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a convenient handheld quantitative device and procedure for obtaining a direct contamination reading for hydraulic and lubrication fluids in the field. The device probes directly onto pressurized equipment enabling live system sampling under turbulent conditions. Theory and operation of the device will be described.</div>
Gas Sensing of NiO‐SCCNT Core–Shell Heterostructures: Optimization by Radial Modulation of the Hole‐Accumulation Layer (2019)

Abstract Hierarchical core–shell (C–S) heterostructures composed of a NiO shell deposited onto stacked‐cup carbon nanotubes (SCCNTs) are synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). A film of NiO particles (0.80–21.8 nm in thickness) is uniformly deposited onto the inner and outer walls of the SCCNTs. The electrical resistance of the samples is found to increase of many orders of magnitude with the increasing of the NiO thickness. The response of NiO–SCCNT sensors toward low concentrations of acetone and ethanol at 200 °C is studied. The sensing mechanism is based on the modulation of the hole‐accumulation region in the NiO shell layer upon chemisorption of the reducing gas molecules. The electrical conduction mechanism is further studied by the incorporation of an Al 2 O 3 dielectric layer at NiO and SCCNT interfaces. The investigations on NiO–Al 2 O 3 –SCCNT, Al 2 O 3 –SCCNT, and NiO–SCCNT coaxial heterostructures reveal that the sensing mechanism is strictly related to the NiO shell layer. The remarkable performance of the NiO–SCCNT sensors toward acetone and ethanol benefits from the conformal coating by ALD, large surface area of the SCCNTs, and the optimized p‐NiO shell layer thickness followed by the radial modulation of the space‐charge region.
Laser‐based corridor detection for reactive navigation (2008)

Abstract Purpose – Recently there has been a strong trend towards automation in the mine industry. This paper seeks to describe and analyse an algorithm that can be used as a part of an infrastructure‐free reactive navigation system for autonomous vehicles in underground mines. Design/methodology/approach – The idea presented here to enable infrastructure‐free autonomous navigation is to combine reactive behaviours for tunnel following, with topological localization. To assess the reliability and precision of the corridor detection algorithm real data recorded in both indoor and mine environments have been used. Findings – In the research it was found that the algorithm is able to reliably detect corridors even in difficult environments such as office corridors where a large part of the walls are made of glass or in mine tunnels with a high intensity of intersections. It was also concluded that the algorithm provides good enough precision and robustness to noise in the data to enable reactive tunnel following. Research limitations/implications – This paper presents an algorithm for corridor detection, intended to be used in combination with reactive behaviours for tunnel following in underground mines. To enable fully autonomous navigation, functionality to detect and turn at intersections also needs to be developed. Practical implications – This research shows that corridor detection can be used for reactive tunnel following in certain underground mine types, and that the concept of using reactive tunnel following in combination with topological localization is worthy of continued development. Originality/value – This paper has presented a new algorithm for corridor detection based on the Hough transform. The algorithm is robust to noise in the data and can reliably detect corridors even where the surfaces of the walls are uneven and slightly curved.
Diabetes Care in the U.S. and Canada (2002)

Differences in care delivery patterns do not yield large differences in glycemic control for patients with type 1 diabetes who were recruited in the U.S. and Canada for a large randomized trial.
Unifying Configuration Management with Merge Conflict Detection and Awareness Systems (2013)

As software development becomes an increasingly collaborative effort, traditional development tools have to be extended to support seamless collaboration while minimizing the chances of conflicts. This paper describes Cloud Studio, a collaboration framework that integrates a fine-grained software configuration management model and a real-time awareness system. Cloud Studio's configuration management operates transparently by automatically sharing the changes of developers working on the same project, the real-time awareness system allows for dynamic views on the project selectively including or excluding other developers' changes. With this tight integration, conflicts are prevented in many cases, while leaving individual developers free to experiment without blocking others. The paper also describes a freely available prototype web-based implementation of Cloud Studio and a case study that demonstrates the usability of the approach for collaborative software development.
Bildung von Aluminiumoxid‐Deckschichten auf Eisenbasislegierungen (1984)

Abstract Die Bildung von Al 2 O 3− Deckschichten wurde für ferritische Fe‐6 AI‐M‐ und austenitische Fe‐27 Ni‐4 Al‐M‐Legierungen untersucht, M = Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si u. a. (Konzentrationen in Masse%). Die Legierungen enthielten eines oder mehrere der Legierungselemente M und in einigen Fällen Kohienstoff. Die Oxydation wurde bei 1000 °C in H 2 O‐H 2 Gemischen mit pO 2 = 10 −19 bar durchgeführt. Nach ½ h Oxydation wurden die Oxidschichten durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Auger‐Elektronen‐Spektroskopie (AES) charakterisiert. Die Legierung Fe‐6 Al und die meisten hiervon abgeleiteten Legierungen bilden schlecht haftende Oxidschichten, auf Legierungen mit 0,1 bis 1% Ti, Zr, V oder Y dagegen sind die Oxidschichten feinkörnig und haften sehr gut. Die Ti‐dotierten Legierungen zeigten sehr gute Deckschichtbildung, bedingt durch eine Ti(C, O)‐Schicht unterhalb des α‐Al 2 O 3 . Die Gegenwart des Oxicarbids verursacht häufige Keimbildung und verbessert die Haftung des α‐Al 2 O 3 aufgrund epitaktischer Beziehungen zwischen Ferrit und Oxicarbid sowie Oxicarbid und Aluminiumoxid. Der günstige Einfluß der Legierungselemente Ti und Zr auf die Bildung von Al 2 O 3 ‐Schichten tritt auch bei den austenitischen Legierungen auf.
Study of the parameters of binding of R 61837 to human rhinovirus 9 and immunobiochemical evidence of capsid-stabilizing activity of the compound (1992)

The binding of the antiviral compound R 61837 to human rhinovirus 9 (HRV 9) was studied quantitatively and compared with binding of R 61837 to HRV 9H, a semiresistant variant. For both strains, radiolabelled R 61387 bound to native particles only. The Kd values obtained by Scatchard analysis of saturation binding data were 37 nM for HRV 9 and 172 nM for HRV 9H, whereas the concentrations resulting in a 50% reduction of cytopathic effect were 42 nM and 840 nM, respectively. Reversibility experiments showed that 65% of the compound could be extracted with chloroform from HRV 9H but less than 5% could be extracted from HRV 9. Dissociation studies demonstrated that in the presence of excess unlabelled compound, the half-lives of the virus compound complex HRV 9 and HRV 9H were 385 and 15 min, respectively. The effect of this antirhinoviral compound on the formation of subviral particles induced by low pH or heat was also investigated. Rate zonal centrifugation experiments using [35S]methionine-labelled HRV 9 showed that binding of R 61837 protected the virus against heat (56 degrees C) and acid (pH 5.0) and that at the same concentration of R 61837 the semiresistant strain was stabilized to a lesser extent. This observation was confirmed immunochemically with nonneutralizing and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Both 80S and 130S subviral particles have C antigenic determinants, whereas native particles (150S) have been designated D. R 61837 prevented the switch from D to C antigenicity which can be induced by exposure of rhinoviruses to mild denaturing conditions. These findings indicate that the compound is able to prevent a conformational change of the capsid which may be a prerequisite for infection.
Primate frontal eye fields. II. Physiological and anatomical correlates of electrically evoked eye movements (1985)

We studied single neurons in the frontal eye fields of awake macaque monkeys and compared their activity with the saccadic eye movements elicited by microstimulation at the sites of these neurons. Saccades could be elicited from electrical stimulation in the cortical gray matter of the frontal eye fields with currents as small as 10 microA. Low thresholds for eliciting saccades were found at the sites of cells with presaccadic activity. Presaccadic neurons classified as visuomovement or movement were most associated with low (less than 50 microA) thresholds. High thresholds (greater than 100 microA) or no elicited saccades were associated with other classes of frontal eye field neurons, including neurons responding only after saccades and presaccadic neurons, classified as purely visual. Throughout the frontal eye fields, the optimal saccade for eliciting presaccadic neural activity at a given recording site predicted both the direction and amplitude of the saccades that were evoked by microstimulation at that site. In contrast, the movement fields of postsaccadic cells were usually different from the saccades evoked by stimulation at the sites of such cells. We defined the low-threshold frontal eye fields as cortex yielding saccades with stimulation currents less than or equal to 50 microA. It lies along the posterior portion of the arcuate sulcus and is largely contained in the anterior bank of that sulcus. It is smaller than Brodmann's area 8 but corresponds with the union of Walker's cytoarchitectonic areas 8A and 45. Saccade amplitude was topographically organized across the frontal eye fields. Amplitudes of elicited saccades ranged from less than 1 degree to greater than 30 degrees. Smaller saccades were evoked from the ventrolateral portion, and larger saccades were evoked from the dorsomedial portion. Within the arcuate sulcus, evoked saccades were usually larger near the lip and smaller near the fundus. Saccade direction had no global organization across the frontal eye fields; however, saccade direction changed in systematic progressions with small advances of the microelectrode, and all contralateral saccadic directions were often represented in a single electrode penetration down the bank of the arcuate sulcus. Furthermore, the direction of change in these progressions periodically reversed, allowing particular saccade directions to be multiply represented in nearby regions of cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A High-Temperature Catalytic Combustor With Starting Burner (2000)

A catalytic combustion system has high potential to achieve low NOx emission level. When this combustion system is applied to a gas turbine, the required combustor performance must be maintained over a wide range of operating conditions. These conditions range from cold starting to steady-state operation. Particularly during the initial stage of cold starting when the catalyst is not yet activated, the catalyst must be heated by some means. This study proposes a new concept of a catalytic combustor with a direct heating system using vaporizing tube for starting burner in order to downsize the combustor and reduce the warm-up time during cold starts. The effectiveness of this concept is experimentally verified. Furthermore, NOx, CO, and HC emissions during startup can be reduced to a low level so as to achieve ultra-low pollution of the catalytic combustion over a wide range of operating conditions from cold start to steady-state operation. This paper outlines the operation concept covering cold start, verification of the concept through the experiments with flame visualization in the combustor, spray characteristics, construction of the combustor, and combustion characteristics that show low pollution in various operating conditions of the catalytic combustor.