gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>VQ-based digital signature scheme for multimedia content authentication</title> (2000)

The need to authenticate multimedia content (audio, image and video) brings new challenges to the traditional digital signature schema. Unavoidable transmission distortion of multimedia data, such as noises introduced in printing a certificate, demands new authentication techniques that are resistant to reasonable modifications. In this paper, a novel approach to multimedia authentication based on the vector quantization (VQ) technique is presented. Its security is guaranteed by adopting a typical digital signature scheme and a hierarchical authentication procedure. The flexibility of this approach is achieved by the scalability of VQ. In addition, a feature-based registration procedure is used to pre-filter and restore the received media with reference to the original one. Using this method, a continuous measure of the authenticity can be computed based on the proposed registration and authentication procedure. This measure is helpful for setting a proper threshold for some specific authentication applications. Our experimental results with audio, image, and video have shown that the scheme is robust and practical.
Occurrence of different types of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in fish (1986)

The virion protein patterns of 71 isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from the Pacific Northwest were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35S]-methionine-labeled virus. This analysis led to the classification of these virus isolates into four or more types. Type 1 virus was characterized by a nucleocapsid protein with an approximate molecular weight of 40,500. Type 2 and type 3 viruses have nucleocapsid proteins with molecular weights of 42,800 and 43,250, respectively. Type 2 virus was responsible for the recent epizootics of IHNV among fish in the lower Columbia River. The California IHNV isolates were type 3 with the exception of some of those isolated from fish at the Coleman Hatchery on the Sacramento River. These Coleman Hatchery isolates belonged to a type 4 virus group characterized by a larger glycoprotein of approximately 70,000 molecular weight. All other viruses examined had glycoproteins of 67,000 molecular weight. The "type 5" virus isolates were grouped together because they were not sufficiently distinct to warrant classification into a separate type. These findings have been useful in determining that a particular virus type is characteristic for a geographic area and will infect many different salmonid species in that area and the same type isolated from parental fish is responsible for the subsequent outbreak of the diseases in progeny.
The utility of transcription factors for manipulation of floral traits (2008)

Cross-pollination is an effective method of breeding flowering plants to produce novel variation. However, this strategy is often protracted or demands repeated crossing for several generations to obtain desired traits. Recently, gene-modification technologies have been utilized in plant breeding for manipulation of floral traits. Many homeotic genes that regulate flower development have been shown to encode transcription factors. In this review we describe the utility of transcription factors and a novel gene-silencing technology, the CRES-T system, to effectively manipulate floral traits. When AGAMOUS (AG) and APETALA3 (AP3) were subjected to this system in Arabidopsis, ag-like and ap3-like phenotypes, respectively, were induced with high efficiency as a dominant trait. Plant transcription factors are conserved between different species to some extent and consequently the chimeric repressor derived from Arabidopsis can be applied to other species without any modification. By applying this system, new floral color and shape phenotypes were obtained in Torenia fournieri and Ipomoea nil. Since the CRES-T system is able to overcome the problem of gene redundancy, polyploid plants may be also manipulated with this system. In addition, with the CRES-T system modification of the flower morphology of plants for which limited genome sequence information is available can be expected.
Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascularization, and Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1999)

Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels are generated, occurs during wound healing, in the female reproductive system during ovulation and gestation, and during embryonic development. The process is carefully controlled with positive and negative regulators, because several vital physiological functions require angiogenesis. The consequences of abnormal angiogenesis are either excessive or insufficient blood vessel growth. Ulcers, strokes, and heart attacks can result from the absence of angiogenesis normally required for natural healing, whereas excessive blood vessel proliferation may favor tumor growth and dissemination, blindness, and arthritis. In this review, the process of angiogenesis and the characteristics of the resulting tumor vasculature are outlined. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques that currently are available for basic research and clinical applications to study various aspects of tumor angiogenesis and neovascularization are discussed.
Multivariate spectral analysis of pH SERS probes for improved sensing capabilities (2016)

Adsorption of functional groups to the surface of plasmonic nanoparticles provides a platform for localised optical sensing. Over the past decade, nanoscale sensors for intracellular pH measurement based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have been developed. However, the approaches by which pH‐SERS measurements are made and analysed can greatly impact the precision and accuracy of pH calibration. To improve pH nanosensors, the sources of experimental variation must be determined and the data must be optimally analysed. Here we report the plasmon‐induced decarboxylation of para ‐mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) pH reporters attached to gold nanoparticles and conclude a strong association with laser power. The detrimental decarboxylation of pMBA has profound implications on the sensitivity and reliability of the pH sensor. Decarboxylation spectral signatures map directly onto those that are typically used to record pH changes, and, hence, the greatest implication of decarboxylation of pH sensors is inaccurate or false pH reporting. Here a more robust spectral analysis for pH sensing based upon an optimal spectral region for pH calibration is presented together with a unique application of the multivariate statistical technique, principal component analysis (PCA). PCA interprets complex spectral dynamics, and by direct comparisons with the typically employed ratiometric analysis, a significant improvement in generating accurate pH sensing is demonstrated. An application of these methods in determining the pH of internalised nanosensors in macrophage cells further promotes these step changes in pH measurement methodology via the avoidance of disruptive spectral signatures that arise in real applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human placental tissue stimulates bovine capillary endothelial cell growth, migration and protease production (1985)

A crude extract of human placenta has been demonstrated to stimulate growth, motility and the production of the proteases plasminogen activator and collagenase in cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells. These data are in keeping with the presence of an angiogenic factor(s) in human placenta.
Inhibition of Retinoid Signaling in Transgenic Mice Alters Lipid Processing and Disrupts Epidermal Barrier Function (1997)

To explore the role of retinoids in epidermal development, we recently targeted expression of a dominant-negative, retinoic acid receptor mutant (RAR alpha403) in the epidermis of transgenic mice and observed an unexpected loss of barrier function. In this paper, we demonstrate that transgenic mice expressing the RAR alpha403 transgene show attenuated responsiveness to topical application of all-trans retinoic acid, in agreement with our previous in vitro data. We also show that the vitamin D3 receptor is unaffected in its ability to transactivate in the presence of the dominant-negative RAR alpha403 transgene, indicating that the RAR alpha403 is unlikely to be functioning through a global sequestration of retinoid X receptors. Additionally, we show that the disruption of epidermal barrier function results in a dramatic 4 C drop in mean body surface temperature, probably accounting for the extremely high incidence of neonatal mortality in severely phenotypic pups. Some severely affected pups do survive and show a pronounced hyperkeratosis at postpartum day 4, consistent with previously documented effects of vitamin A deficiency. Biochemical analysis of the severely phenotypic neonates indicates elevated phospholipids and glycosylceramides in the stratum comeum, which results from altered lipid processing. Taken together with previous studies, these data provide strong evidence linking the retinoid-signaling pathway with modulation of lipid processing required for formation of epidermal barrier function.
A practical evaluation of radio signal strength for ranging-based localization (2007)

Radio signal strength (RSS) is notorious for being a noisy signal that is difficult to use for ranging-based localization. In this study, we demonstrate that RSS can be used to localize a multi-hop sensor network, and we quantify the effects of various environmental factors on the resulting localization error. We achieve 4.1m error in a 49 node network deployed in a half-football field sized area, demonstrating that RSS localization can be a feasible alternative to solutions like GPS given the right conditions. However, we also show that this result is highly sensitive to subtle environmental factors such as the grass height, radio enclosure, and elevation of the nodes from the ground.
[Investigation on the relationship between MDR and expression of N-glycosphingolipids in vincristine resistant KBv200 cell line]. (2001)

CMH is a kind of MDR-related glycolipid. Inhibition of its expression in tumor cells may be a new approach to reverse MDR.
Van de werkvloer (2011)

Hogeschool Windesheim in Zwolle en Fontys Hogeschool Eindhoven ontwikkelden een nieuwe opleiding voor ouderenmanagement: Toegepaste Gerontologie. Jan Jukema (Windesheim) en Lesley van Bruggen (Fontys) vertellen over de achtergrond en de inhoud van de nieuwe opleiding.
Impact of Nonuniform Stagger Angle Distribution on High-Pressure Compressor Rotor Performance (2018)

The focus of the present study is to find a solution to the manufacturing tolerances of rotor stagger angle in the high pressure compressor. The manufacturing processes of compressor blades may lead the stagger angle to be out of tolerance, which would reduce the performance of the high-pressure compressor. Meanwhile, the assembly may cause the nonuniform distribution of the variable blades. To investigate the influence of stagger angle variability and its nonuniform distribution in multiple passages, amount of 3D numerical simulations of a high pressure compressor rear-stage rotor were conducted in the present paper. The Gaussian Probabilistic Density Function was used to obtain the sampled blades with variable stagger angles, and then the blades were randomly allocated in a single passage to a half period, respectively. Numerical results show that with the increase of passage number, the total performance varies more stably. In order to get an appropriate tolerance range of the stagger angle to control the deterioration of the total performance, different ranges were tried, and [−1.5°, +1.5°] was determined as the final range to do further analyses. The different stagger angle distribution along the circumferential direction of a specific group of several sampled blades led to the different performance variations. When the stagger angle distribution approximately satisfied the sinusoidal function during assembly, the rotor performance was better than other distributions. Hence, the sinusoidal function during assembly is an effective solution to the manufacturing tolerances of rotor stagger angle.
Spontaneous emission from excitons in thin dielectric layers (1993)

Spontaneous emission from quantum-well excitons in a thin, high-refractive-index dielectric layer embedded in a low-refractive-index bulk dielectric is studied as a function of the layer thickness and refractive-index ratio. Total spontaneous emission rates for a thin layer decrease linearly with the index ratio for dipoles in the plane of the layer and as the fifth power of the index ratio for dipoles with orientations perpendicular to the layer. These results are of interest in the design of optical microstructures that control the exciton emission dynamics of semiconductor quantum wells.
<title>Pheromone robotics</title> (2001)

We describe techniques for coordinating the actions of large numbers of small-scale robots to achieve useful large-scale results in surveillance, reconnaissance, hazard detection, and path finding. Inspired by the chemical markers used by insects for communication and coordination, we exploit the notion of a “virtual pheromone,” implemented using simple beacons and directional sensors mounted on each robot. Virtual pheromones facilitate simple communication and coordination and require little on-board processing. Our virtual pheromone technique enables a robot collective to become a distributed computing mesh embedded within the environment, while simultaneously acting as a physical embodiment of the user interface. This leads to notions of world embedded computation and world embedded interfaces that provide new ways to think about robot colonies.
Human Endopeptidase (THOP1) Is Localized on Chromosome 19 within the Linkage Region for the Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease AD2 Locus (1996)

A cDNA encoding the rat endopeptidase 24.15 was used to determine the chromosomal localization of the respective human gene. Hybridization to DNA from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids assigned the human gene to chromosome 19. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on human metaphase chromosomes localized the human endopeptidase 24.15 to 19q13.3.
Size dependence of band gaps in silicon nanostructures (1995)

The size dependence of the energy band gap for hydrogen saturated silicon clusters, wires and slabs are calculated using all electron density functional theory. The hydrogen saturation is considered as a model for a wider band gap insulator enclosing the silicon structures. With this perspective in mind, an effective mass model with finite barriers for both valence and conduction band is found to semiquantatively account for the numerical findings.
Chemically reduced lithium niobate single crystals: Processing, properties and improved surface acoustic wave device fabrication and performance (1999)

Lithium niobate single-crystal wafers were chemically reduced using nitrogen/hydrogen atmospheres at a variety of temperatures between 350 and 750 °C. Reduced wafers were measured to have increased optical absorptivity and increased direct current (dc) electrical conductivity as a function of reduction-processing temperature. Absorptivity increases were measured larger than 1000×; conductivity could be increased by more than a factor of 105. Standard 78 MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters were successfully fabricated using reduced wafers, and shown to have increased resistance to spurious pyroelectric charging effects during thermal cycling. The observed increases in optical absorptivity and dc electrical conductivity can also be expected to provide benefits for SAW device fabrication processing.
Self-Focusing by Ostwald Ripening: A Strategy for Layer-by-Layer Epitaxial Growth on Upconverting Nanocrystals (2012)

We demonstrate a novel epitaxial layer-by-layer growth on upconverting NaYF(4) nanocrystals (NCs) utilizing Ostwald ripening dynamics tunable both in thickness and composition. Injection of small sacrificial NCs (SNCs) as shell precursors into larger core NCs results in the rapid dissolution of the SNCs and their deposition onto the larger core NCs to yield core-shell structured NCs. Exploiting this NC size dependent dissolution/growth, the shell thickness can be controlled either by manipulating the number of SNCs injected or by successive injection of SNCs. In either of these approaches, the NCs self-focus from an initial bimodal distribution to a unimodal distribution (σ <5%) of core-shell NCs. The successive injection approach facilitates layer-by-layer epitaxial growth without the need for tedious multiple reactions for generating tunable shell thickness, and does not require any control over the injection rate of the SNCs, as is the case for shell growth by precursor injection.
NMR Relaxation of Clay-Brine Mixtures (1998)

Abstract Effective interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs in shaly sands requires an understanding of the NMR contribution of clays. Of particular importance is the role of clays in the rapidly relaxing part of the NMR signal. In this study we measured the transverse relaxation time spectrum (T2) of brine mixed with four clays (illite, smectite, kaolinite and glauconite) as a function of compaction. The Larmor frequency was 2 MHz and the echo spacing 0.16 msec. Mild compaction was achieved by centrifuging the clay slurry at three successive pressures ranging from 1 to 125 psi. Highly compacted samples were produced in a uniaxial press at six sequential pressures ranging from 500 to 16,000 psi. Each clay-brine slurry and its associated compacted sample showed a single peak in the T2 distribution spectrum. A second peak, which could be interpreted as the "clay-bound water," was never observed. The T2 peak position shifted to faster relaxation times as compaction increased, in proportion to the pore volume-to-surface ratio, V/S. The single peak and VP'S proportionality are consistent with fast diffusion between the pore water and the monolayer of water on the clay surface. Surface relaxivity varied among the four clay minerals; glauconite, the clay with the highest magnetic susceptibility and iron content had the largest surface relaxivity. These results have important implications for the interpretation of NMR logs in shaly sands. Because of the effects of compaction and to a lesser extent the iron content on a clay's T2 peak position, it is not possible to independently determine clay type from some characteristic relaxation time. These data also imply that it is not feasible to estimate the cation exchange capacity from a single time cutoff of the T2 distribution without additional information such as laboratory measurements or other log data. P. 205
Glutamine Facilitates Chemotherapy While Reducing Toxicity (1992)

Dose intensification of chemotherapy is thought to increase survival. With recent advances in hemopoietic cell modulators such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor, the limiting toxicity of intensifying chemotherapeutic regimens has become the severity of the associated enterocolitis. In animal models, glutamine protects the host from methotrexate-induced enterocolitis. This study evaluates the effects of a glutamine-supplemented diet on the tumoricidal effectiveness of methotrexate. Sarcoma-bearing Fisher 344 rats (n = 30) were pair-fed an isocaloric elemental diet containing 1% glutamine or an isonitrogenous amount of glycine beginning on day 25 of the study. Rats from each group received two intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate (5 mg/kg) or saline on days 26 and 33 of the study. On day 40, rats were killed, tumor volume and weight were recorded, and tumor glutaminase activity and tumor morphometrics were measured. Blood was taken for arterial glutamine content, complete blood count, and blood culture. The gut was processed for glutaminase activity and synthesis phase of the deoxyribonucleic acid. In rats receiving methotrexate, the tumor volume loss was nearly doubled when glutamine was added to the diet. Significant differences in tumor glutaminase activity and morphometrics were not detected. The toxicity to the host was ameliorated. Significantly increased synthesis phase of deoxyribonucleic acid of the whole jejunum, decreased bacteremia, "sepsis," and mortality were demonstrated. Glutamine supplementation enhances the tumoricidal effectiveness of methotrexate while reducing its morbidity and mortality in this sarcoma rat model.
The hidden diversity of ribosomal peptide natural products (2010)

A recent report in BMC Biology on the discovery and analysis of biosynthetic genes for ribosomal peptide natural products confirms that these pathways are much more common and diverse than previously suspected, contributing substantially to the chemical arsenal employed by bacteria. See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/70.
An optical image-storage and processing device using electro-optic ZnS (1970)

An image-sensing and memory device is described that photoconductively converts and electrostatically stores optical images at the interface between a UV-sensitive ZnS film and associated blocking electrode. Optical readout is accomplished by means of the Pockels electro-optic effect generated in the ZnS film by the electrostatic image. A high ratio of UV to visible photosensitivity (approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> :1 between 340 and 630 nm) allows pseudo-nondestructive readout of the stored image pattern.
Pourable Artificial Diet for Rearing <I>Anoplophora glabripennis</I> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Methods to Optimize Larval Survival and Synchronize Development (2005)

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a recently introduced non-native invasive species in the United States that has the potential to destroy several tree species in urban and forest habitats. The ability to rear A. glabripennis in quarantine is critical to rapid progress on techniques for the exclusion, detection, and eradication of this pest. Survival and development were compared for larvae from two populations (Chicago, IL, and Queens, NY) on six diets containing varying levels of Fe (69 237 mg/liter) and for three populations (Illinois and New York plus Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China) under four larval chill treatments (6, 9, 12, or 16 wk of development before chill). Larval survival and percentage pupation signicantly decreased and developmental time slightly increased with increasing Fe levels in the diet. Larval survival and percentage of pupation were highest, adults weighed the most, and developmental time was shortest when larvae were reared on a pourable modication of the Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (ER) diet. Individuals from the China and Illinois populations were heavier than those from New York. On average, larvae from the Illinois population were ready to pupate sooner than those from New York or China. Some larvae that had not reached their critical weight for pupation before the chill period required a second chill period before initiating pupation. Overall survival increased as the developmental time period before chill increased. Further evaluation of the effects of temperature on development is needed to better understand the triggers for pupation and to predict the timing of various stages.