gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H. The Kinetics of Enzyme Cascade Systems General kinetics of enzyme cascades (1969)

Abstract The theory of the kinetics of enzyme cascades is developed. Two types of cascades are recognized, one in which the products are stable (open cascades) and another in which the products are broken down (damped cascades). It is shown that it is a characteristic of a cascade that the final product appears after a certain lag phase. After this lag phase, the velocity of product formation can be very rapid. It is shown that whereas open cascades will always show a complicated time–product relation, damped cascades can under certain circumstances resemble a simple enzymic reaction. Because the relation between the over-all reaction velocity in the extrinsic coagulation cascade and the concentration of any of the proenzymes in this cascade is a hyperbolic one, it is concluded that this cascade is of the damped type rather than the open type.
Anion Bridging-Induced Structural Transformation of Cellulose Dissolved in Ionic Liquid (2016)

We performed structural investigations of cellulose mixed with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) in the entire concentration range (0-100 mol %) by wide-angle X-ray scattering with the aid of quantum chemical calculations and <sup>13</sup>C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. We particularly focused on a highly concentrated region (≥30 mol %), which has previously been overlooked. At concentrations of 15-30 mol %, a periodic peak corresponding to cellulose chain alignment emerged; this is associated with a lyotropic cholesteric liquid-crystalline phase. At concentrations of ≥30 mol %, the structure is transformed into ordered layers where OAc anions and Emim cations intercalate. This transformation is found to be driven by a change in the interaction between the IL anions and the OH groups of cellulose. At low concentrations, the anion mainly interacts with the OH group of cellulose in a 1:1 ratio, as previously reported; at high concentrations, the anions bridge the OH groups of two cellulose chains.
The HIRAN Domain and Recruitment of Chromatin Remodeling and Repair activities to Damaged DNA (2006)

Aided by sensitive sequence profile searches we identify a novel conserved domain in the N-terminal regions of the SWI2/SNF2 proteins typified by HIP116 and Rad5p (hence HIP116, Rad5p N-terminal domain: HIRAN domain). We show that the HIRAN domain is found as a standalone protein in several bacteria and prophages, or fused to other catalytic domains, such as a nuclease of the restriction endonuclease fold and TDP1-like DNA phosphoesterases, in the eukaryotes. Based on a network of contextual connections in the form of domain architectures, conserved gene neighborhoods and functional interactions we predict that the HIRAN domain is likely to function as a DNA-binding domain that probably recognizes features associated with damaged DNA or stalled replication forks. It might thus act as a sensor to initiate a damaged DNA checkpoint and engage different DNA repair and chromatin remodeling or modifying activities to these sites. In evolutionary terms, the fusion of the HIRAN domain, and the functionally analogous RAD18 Zn-finger and the PARP-type Zn-finger to SWI2/SNF2 ATPases appears to have been a notable factor for recruiting these ATPases for chromatin modification and remodeling in the context of DNA repair.
Radially polarized 3kW beam from a CO_2 laser with an intracavity resonant grating mirror (2007)

A 3 kW radially polarized beam is generated from a CO(2) laser by means of a resonant grating mirror. The design results and spectral characterization of a broadband polarizing mirror are presented as well as the mirror's operation in a CO(2) laser resonator. In a long-term experiment a radially polarized beam with a power of 2.7 kW was observed for several hours, proving the high stability of this polarizing scheme.
Potentialities and basic principles of controlling the plastic relaxation of GeSi/Si and Ge/Si films with stepwise variation in the composition (2008)

GeSi/Si heterostructures consisting of a plastically relaxed layer that includes various fractions of Ge and which is grown on Si (001) span the values of the lattice parameter from equal to that in silicon to equal to that in germanium. The corresponding substrates are conventionally referred to as artificial. A number of methods exist for growing high-quality GeSi layers with as large as 100% of Ge on Si (001) substrates through an intermediate GeSi layer with a varying composition. However, it is desirable in a number of cases to have ultrathin (<1 μm) GeSi and Ge layers directly on the Si (001) substrate for practical applications. The results of new methods such as the use of a buffer Si layer grown at a comparatively low temperature (300–400°C) in plastic relaxation of the GeSi/Si(001) heterostructures and also the use of surfactants (antimony and hydrogen) are analyzed. The examples of artificial introduction of centers for origination of misfit dislocations as an alternative to their introduction from the rough surface are considered. It can be concluded that, in order to expand the range of potentialities of growing perfect plastically relaxed GeSi (001) films, it is necessary to (i) make it possible to form in a controlled manner the centers for origination of the misfit dislocations and (ii) retard or completely suppress the transition of the growth mechanism from two-to three-dimensional in order to prevent the formation of additional misfit dislocations from the surface of the stressed film and, correspondingly, additional threading dislocations.
Distributed vehicle body electric/electronic system architecture with central coordination control (2009)

The conventional vehicle electric/electronic system architecture has become an obstacle of the booming development of in-vehicle electric and electronic devices. The surging number of these devices and the runup of the information exchange requirement among the devices call for a brand new system architecture. In this paper, a completely distributed electric/electronic system architecture with a centralized coordinator is introduced. The new architecture concept features a set of hierarchy on-site serial buses together with a digitalized power supply network coordinated by a central controller. The basic functionality and diagnosis of all the in-vehicle electric devices are implemented as digitalized nodes with unified connection interface in the network, which execute commands and share information with the central coordinator. The new architecture facilitates the information exchange, minimizes the cost and effort of vehicle harness, and reserves the configurability and expandability. The distributed structure with twin backup central coordinators ensures the system reliability.
Expression and characterization of biologically active ovine FSH from mammalian cell lines (1994)

Stably transfected cell lines expressing the alpha subunit, beta subunit and alpha/beta heterodimer of ovine (o)FSH have been established following the transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with alpha and beta subunit cDNA expression vectors. In the absence of the alpha subunit, FSH beta subunit polypeptides were inefficiently secreted and displayed a short intracellular half-life, while free alpha subunits were readily secreted in the absence of the beta subunit. Cotransfection of oFSH alpha and beta subunit cDNAs led to heterodimer assembly and secretion. While alteration of the nucleotide sequence flanking the beta subunit AUG initiation codon did not appreciably enhance heterodimer biosynthesis and secretion, the replacement of the 5' untranslated and signal peptide-coding regions of the beta subunit cDNA with the corresponding sequences from an oGH cDNA clone was associated with a twofold increase in oFSH heterodimer secretion. The recombinant oFSH had a higher molecular weight than pituitary-derived oFSH, and was more acidic than the native hormone when analysed using isoelectric focusing, suggesting a greater degree of sialylation of the recombinant hormone. A comparison of the activities of the recombinant and native hormones in the porcine testis radioreceptor assay and in the in vitro Sertoli cell bioassay revealed that the recombinant oFSH displayed enhanced biological activity in the Sertoli cell assay when compared with the native hormone.
A generalized target-driven cache replacement policy for mobile environments (2003)

Caching frequently accessed data items on the client side is an effective technique to improve system performance in a mobile environment. Due to cache size limitations, cache replacement algorithms are used to find a suitable subset of items for eviction from the cache. In this paper, we propose a generalized cost function for cache replacement algorithms for mobile environment. The distinctive feature of our cost function is that it is general and it can be used for various performance metrics by making the necessary changes. To demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the general cost function, we derive two specific functions to be evaluated by setting two different targets: minimizing the query delay and minimizing the downlink traffic. Detailed experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed methodology. Compared to previous schemes, our algorithm significantly improves the performance in terms of query delay or in terms of bandwidth utilization depending on the targets.
The power to reduce: pyridine nucleotides – small molecules with a multitude of functions (2007)

The pyridine nucleotides NAD and NADP play vital roles in metabolic conversions as signal transducers and in cellular defence systems. Both coenzymes participate as electron carriers in energy transduction and biosynthetic processes. Their oxidized forms, NAD+ and NADP+, have been identified as important elements of regulatory pathways. In particular, NAD+ serves as a substrate for ADP-ribosylation reactions and for the Sir2 family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases as well as a precursor of the calcium mobilizing molecule cADPr (cyclic ADP-ribose). The conversions of NADP+ into the 2'-phosphorylated form of cADPr or to its nicotinic acid derivative, NAADP, also result in the formation of potent intracellular calcium-signalling agents. Perhaps, the most critical function of NADP is in the maintenance of a pool of reducing equivalents which is essential to counteract oxidative damage and for other detoxifying reactions. It is well known that the NADPH/NADP+ ratio is usually kept high, in favour of the reduced form. Research within the past few years has revealed important insights into how the NADPH pool is generated and maintained in different subcellular compartments. Moreover, tremendous progress in the molecular characterization of NAD kinases has established these enzymes as vital factors for cell survival. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the biosynthesis and signalling functions of NAD(P) and highlight the new insights into the molecular mechanisms of NADPH generation and their roles in cell physiology.
Posttranscriptional aspects of the biosynthesis of type 1 collagen pro-alpha chains: The effects of posttranslational modifications on synthesis pauses during elongation of the Pro α1(I) chain (1996)

Early studies indicated that chain elongation pauses were prominent during the in vivo synthesis of type 1 procollagen chains, and it was postulated [Kirk et al., (1987): J Biol Chem 262:5540–5545.] that these might have a role in the coordination of procollagen 1 molecular assembly. To examine this postulate, polysomes isolated from [14C]-Pro-labeled 3T6 cells were subjected to SDS-PAGE. The resulting gels were Western blotted and screened with a monoclonal antibody (SP1.D8) directed against the N-terminal region of the pro α1(I) chain. The blots were fluorographed, which also permitted analysis of the pro α2(I) chain. There was a prominent pro α1 synthesis pause near the completion of full-length chain elongation, not matched by a pro α2 pause. The amount of labeled polysome-associated near-full length pro α1 chains increased in parallel with labeling time. After 24 h in culture −[14C-Pro], collagen synthesis ceased but unlabeled polysome-associated pro α1 chains were readily detected by SP1.D8. Change to fresh culture medium +[14C-Pro] reinitiated synthesis and permitted tracing of the newly synthesized labeled pro α chains through the polysome and intracellular compartments. The secreted procollagen molecules had a 2:1 pro α1(I):pro α2(I) chain ratio but the polysome-bound peptides did not. Pulse-chase experiments showed that near-full length pro α1(I) chains remained bound to polysomes as long as 4 h after reinitiation of translation but there was no evidence for pro α2(I) chain accumulation. The hydroxylation inhibitor α,α′-dipyridyl, and triple-helix inhibitors cis-hydroxyproline and 3,4 dehydroproline had minimal effects on the buildup of polysome-associated pro α1 chains. The glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin also failed to change the final pro α1 chain pausing, but it did cause the appearance of several discrete lower molecular weight pro α1-related polypeptides that could not be accounted for simply as the result of lack of N-linked glycosylation in the C-propeptide regions. Disulfide bond experiments showed that some of the paused nascent polysome-associated pro α1(I) chains were disulfide bonded. Thus, while synthesis of pro α1(I) and pro α2(I) chains proceeds in parallel within the same ER compartments, their elongation rates are not coordinated. Interactions leading to heterotrimer formation are a late event which may affect the rate of release of the completed pro α1(I) chain from the polysome. The release of completed nascent pro α1(I) chains from their polysomal complexes is regulated by a mechanism not operating in the synthesis of pro α2(I) chains. The pro α1(I) chain release process is not connected directly with hydroxylation, glycosylation or triple-helix formation. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy of Cancer (1958)

CREECH, OSCAR JR. M.D.; KREMENTZ, E. T. M.D.; RYAN, ROBERT F. M.D.; WINBLAD, JAMES N. M.D. Author Information
Structural and conformational characterization of a stable anthocyanin from Tradescantia pallida. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural and conformational characterization of a stable anthocyanin from Tradescantia pallida.Alan J. Baublis and M. Dolores Berber-JimenezCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 3, 640–646Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00051a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00051a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
“It Takes Two to Tango”: understanding how centrosome duplication is regulated throughout the cell cycle (2001)

The essence of successful mitosis is the generation of two genetically identical daughter cells. This requires the assembly of a strictly bipolar mitotic apparatus that will ensure that all daughter chromosomes are segregated to opposite sides of the cell before the completion of mitosis. The agent of the higher animal cell for the establishment of this essential “twoness” is the pair of centrosomes that organize the spindle poles during mitosis (Mazia 1987). Before the cell enters mitosis, the single interphase centrosome duplicates or reproduces exactly once, and the daughter centrosomes form the two poles of the spindle after breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Failure of the cell to precisely control this duplication of the centrosome can have disastrous consequences. If the centrosome fails to duplicate before the onset of mitosis, most somatic cells eventually return to interphase without dividing, which causes polyploidy. If the centrosome duplicates more than once in a cell cycle, then a multipolar spindle may be assembled and the chromosomes may be unequally distributed to the daughter cells, leading to genetic imbalances that produce cells with aggressive growth characteristics (for reviews, see Orr-Weaver and Weinberg 1998; Brinkley 2001). In fact, the cells of many lethal human tumors are genetically unstable and have abnormally high numbers of centrosomes (Lingle et al. 1998; Pihan et al. 1998; Carroll et al. 1999). Extra centrosomes are a problem because the condition is not remediated; cells do not have a checkpoint that aborts mitosis in response to extra spindle poles (Sluder et al. 1997). In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that control centrosome duplication and coordinate it with nuclear events during the cell cycle.
Singular vector decomposition based adaptive transform for motion compensation residuals (2014)

Video coding standards commonly use discrete cosine transform (DCT) to transform the motion compensation (M-C) residuals. However, the MC residuals have much weaker correlation than image pixels, and DCT is not the optimized transform for them. In this paper, we propose an adaptive transform structure for MC residuals. Unlike traditional approaches which use a predefined transform core, we apply singular value decomposition (SVD) on the prediction block and use the eigenvector matrices as the transform core. Experiments show that this adaptive transform is more efficient compared with the traditional approach. An average 2.0% bit rate reduction is achieved when implemented on H.265/HEVC.
Quantum Supremacy through the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (2016)

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is designed to run on a gate model quantum computer and has shallow depth. It takes as input a combinatorial optimization problem and outputs a string that satisfies a high fraction of the maximum number of clauses that can be satisfied. For certain problems the lowest depth version of the QAOA has provable performance guarantees although there exist classical algorithms that have better guarantees. Here we argue that beyond its possible computational value the QAOA can exhibit a form of Quantum Supremacy in that, based on reasonable complexity theoretic assumptions, the output distribution of even the lowest depth version cannot be efficiently simulated on any classical device. We contrast this with the case of sampling from the output of a quantum computer running the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (QADI) with the restriction that the Hamiltonian that governs the evolution is gapped and stoquastic. Here we show that there is an oracle that would allow sampling from the QADI but even with this oracle, if one could efficiently classically sample from the output of the QAOA, the Polynomial Hierarchy would collapse. This suggests that the QAOA is an excellent candidate to run on near term quantum computers not only because it may be of use for optimization but also because of its potential as a route to establishing quantum supremacy.
Advances in asynchronous logic: from principles to GALS & NoC, recent industry applications, and commercial CAD tools (2013)

The growing variability and complexity of advanced CMOS technologies makes the physical design of clocked logic in large Systems-on-Chip more and more challenging. Asynchronous logic has been studied for many years and become an attractive solution for a broad range of applications, from massively parallel multi-media systems to systems with ultra-low power & low-noise constraints, like cryptography, energy autonomous systems, and sensor-network nodes. The objective of this embedded tutorial is to give a comprehensive and recent overview of asynchronous logic. The tutorial will cover the basic principles and advantages of asynchronous logic, some insights on new research challenges, and will present the GALS scheme as an intermediate design style with recent results in asynchronous Network-on-Chip for future Many Core architectures. Regarding industrial acceptance, recent asynchronous logic applications within the microelectronics industry will be presented, with a main focus on the commercial CAD tools available today.
Evaluation of in-duct UV-C lamp array on air disinfection: A numerical analysis (2020)

In-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems are effective systems that are used in disinfection of pathogenic particles transported by air that moving through the ventilation systems. Proper design of these systems is quite important for energy consumption and disinfection performance. In this study, effect of four different lamp arrays within a square cross-section ventilation duct on the average UV dose, UV dose distribution and disinfection rate are examined by using computational fluid dynamics. The standard k-ε turbulence model and the discrete phase modeling are used to analyze airflow and particle distribution within the duct, respectively. Also, Discrete Ordinates (DO) radiation model is employed to obtain the irradiation field formed by each UV lamp. It is disclosed that UV lamp arrangement within duct significantly affects UV dose distribution.
A Model and Heuristic For Solving Very Large Item Selection Problems (1993)

A model for solving very large item selection problems is presented. The model builds on previous work in binary programming applied to test con struction. Expert test construction practices are applied to situations in which all specifications for item selection cannot necessarily be met. A heuristic for selecting items that satisfy the constraints in the model also is presented. The heuristic is particu larly useful for situations in which the size of the test construction problem exceeds the limits of current implementations of linear programming algorithms. A variety of test construction problems involving real test specifications and item data from actual test assemblies were investigated using the model and the heuristic.
FxLMS algorithm with variable step size and variable leakage factor for active vibration control (2006)

This paper discusses a novel adaptive algorithm termed variable step size and variable leakage factor filtered-x least-mean-square (VSSVLFxLMS) algorithm for applications in active vibration control (AVC). For such applications, the leaky filtered-x LMS (LFxLMS) algorithm has been considered for stability purposes. However, when the standard LFxLMS algorithm (with fixed leakage) is used, the control performance is strongly dependent on the selected leakage value. A similar result is noticed concerning the chosen step-size value. Thus, by using the proposed VSSVLFxLMS algorithm better step-size and leakage values are obtained, improving considerably the control performance. The conjectures of this work are confirmed by implementing the referred algorithm in an experimental setup of an AVC system.