gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multiple output CCD imager for image processing applications (1978)

A 324 × 340 pixel silicon charge coupled area imager has been developed which uses non-destructive floating gate readout techniques and on-chip delay lines to provide nine simultaneous video output signals. These signals represent a 3 × 3 block of image data which scans the array as the device is read out. The 3 × 3 block can be used to implement various neighborhood operators in the analog domain for real-time image processing applications, such as edge detect ion and enhancement and star image centroid determination. The device is fabricated using a three-phase, three-level polysilicon buried channel process. Chip size is 1.27 × 1.27 cm and pixel size is 25 × 25 micrometers.
A production performance database and query software for integrated circuit manufacturing (2002)

The author describes a production performance database that allows engineers and shop managers of integrated-circuit factories to monitor the performance of their facilities. The database combines actual processing data from the production systems with estimates of processing times to give a measure of how efficiently the facilities are being used. In addition, the database contains other performance measures such as queuing delays and production time variances. The users access the data through two menu-driven programs. One program uses window-based software to display the clean room areas, facilities, and facility groups for which data are available. The user needs only to type a single-word command to run the software and is prompted for all inputs through menus. The other program is an interactive report generator that allows the user to customize a report to suit his or her needs. The program leads the user through a series of questions to determine which area, time interval, performance measures, and report formats he or she would like to use. Engineers and shop managers have used both programs to track the performance of particular facilities and facility groups and to identify problem areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Luminescent nanoparticles of Mn doped ZnS passivated with sodium hexametaphosphate (2005)

We report the synthesis of luminescent nanoparticles of manganese doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn2+) with an emission peak at around 590 nm. Nanoparticles of ZnS:Mn2+ are prepared by a co-precipitation reaction from homogenous solutions of zinc and manganese salts. Based on Ostwald ripening and surface passivation, we discuss a mechanism for the formation of ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles. The reaction proceeds with the nucleation of ZnS crystals, which are immediately passivated by the anions in the solution. This in turn attracts cations including zinc and manganese which contribute to the growth of the crystal. These nanoparticles are sterically stabilized using polyphosphates of sodium namely sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). The nanoparticles consist of particles of 60–80 nm in diameter, each containing primary crystallites that was estimated from the X-ray diffraction patterns to be at around 2.2 nm.
Human orbital fibroblasts are activated through CD40 to induce proinflammatory cytokine production (1998)

CD40 is an important signaling and activation antigen found on certain bone marrow-derived cells. Recently, CD40 has also been shown to be expressed by nonhematopoietic cells, including certain human fibroblasts, but not others. Little is known about the function of CD40 on fibroblasts. The current study investigates the hypothesis that CD40 is expressed on orbital fibroblasts and represents a pathway for interaction between these fibroblasts and CD40 ligand-expressing cells, such as T lymphocytes and mast cells. We report here that orbital connective tissue fibroblasts, obtained from normal donors and from patients with severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), express functional CD40. CD40 is upregulated approximately 10-fold by interferon-gamma (500 U/ml) treatment for 72 h. These fibroblasts become activated through triggering of CD40 with CD40 ligand (CD40L). This is evidenced by nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B and induction of the proinflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, respectively. These data support the concept that cognate interactions between orbital fibroblasts and infiltrating T lymphocytes, via the CD40-CD40L pathway, may promote the tissue remodeling observed in TAO and other inflammatory diseases of the orbit. Disruption of the CD40-CD40L interaction may represent a therapeutic intervention to reduce the inflammatory components of TAO, which remains a vexing clinical problem.
Internal states of pulse-type hardware neuron model with chaotic dynamics (2002)

Information processing in living organisms is carried out by the nervous system. From an engineering viewpoint, the nervous system has various interesting features. So, it is necessary to study the hardware neuron model for its engineering applications. On the other hand, it is suggested that a new information processing structure can be realized in a neural network with a neuron model with chaotic dynamics. We discuss the internal states of a pulse-type hardware neuron model ("P-HNM"), and its response characteristics to periodic pulses. As a result, it is verified that the P-HNM has the properties of the chaotic neuron model, it also exhibits chaos phenomena, resembling the property of actual neurons, and it is available as the chaotic neuron model.
A distributed semi-rearrangeable nonblocking path hunt algorithm for Clos networks with TDM links (2003)

A new path hunt algorithm for semi-rearrangeable Clos networks with TDM links is introduced. This algorithm extends the operating range of the network to full capacity utilization. This is with no expansion in the middle stage of the network and is an improvement over existing algorithms (Ohta and Ueda 1987, Ohta 1987). A novel approach to the handling of multicast traffic is introduced in the form of a cascaded pre-stage. An algorithm for re-arrangement in the pre/first stage is defined and its properties are explored. This novel approach allows for the re-arrangeably non-blocking operation of the network up to full network capacity while reducing hardware overbuild in the middle stage from O(m/sup 2/) down to O(2m). Both bundled and incremental multicast connections are supported. Algorithms are verified via simulation.
A new surface antigen on intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine (1990)

A new surface molecule has been discovered on mouse intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) using a rat anti-mouse IEL monoclonal antibody, M290. It was expressed at high levels on nearly all IEL and on a majority of T cells in the gut lamina propria. M290 stained, with lower intensity, a small minority of T cells in other lymphoid tissues. Expression was biased towards the CD8+ subset. Stimulation of peripheral T cells with mitogens did not induce expression of the new antigen but addition of transforming growth factor beta to stimulated T cells had a marked inductive effect. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of IEL surface components precipitated with M290 showed principal bands at 135, 120, 28 and 24 kDa (reduced) and 135, 100, 24 and 21 kDa (nonreduced). Precipitation with antibodies to integrin subunits showed that the new molecular complex was not a member of the beta 1, beta 2, or beta 3 integrin families although all of these were represented on IEL. A 13-amino acid N-terminal sequence obtained from the 120-kDa beta subunit of the antigen prepared from an M290+ T hybridoma (MTC-1) did not show homology with integrins. Pulse-chase studies using MTC-1 cells showed that the 135-kDa alpha subunit was derived from a 147-kDa precursor. The function of this new molecular complex is not yet known.
Incomplete genomes of the parvovirus minute virus of mice: selective conservation of genome termini, including the origin for DNA replication (1979)

Deletion mutants of minute virus of mice arising during a single high-multiplicity passage and after serial undiluted passage have been isolated, and the incomplete viral genomes contained therein have been analyzed. The DNA isolated from incomplete virions derived from a single high-multiplicity passage was heterogeneous, ranging in size from 15 to 70% of the intact viral genome, with an average molecular length of approximately, 2,000 nucleotides. Two distinct types of molecules, designated as type I D-DNA and type II D-DNA, could be distinguished on the basis of their degree of secondary structure, and these were present in roughly equal amounts. Type I D-DNAs were predominantly single-stranded, recombinant molecules in which the self-complementary sequences derived from both genomic termini were conserved. The 5' terminus was modified relative to the analogous wild-type structure. Although virtually all of the wild-type genome sequence was seen in the total type I D-DNA population, sequences which map between coordinates 47.3 and 87.1 were clearly underrepresented. However, the extent and position of the deletions in individual molecules varied significantly. The shortest molecules in the population lacked between 90 and 95% of the internal wild-type genome sequence and consisted of sequences derived almost exclusively from within 5.0 map units (250 nucleotides) at both ends of the viral genome. Moreover, these miniature recombinant molecules were selectively amplified during serial undiluted passage and were therefore believed to contain all of the critical recognition sites necessary for the replication of minute virus of mice viral DNA. Type II D-DNAs were virus-specific, double-stranded hairpin molecules whose complementary strands were covalently continuous at variable sites distal to the 5' end of the viral minus strand. In sharp contrast to the type I genomes, these hairpin molecules consisted of sequences which mapped entirely at the 5' end of the viral genome between positions 85.0 and 100. Furthermore, type II molecules were gradually lost from the total D-DNA population during serial undiluted passage, suggesting that these molecules are not competent for DNA Replication but arise as the result of fatal replication errors. Deletion mutants of the type described here for minute virus of mice should be valuable generally as aids to future studies on parvovirus DNA replication, transcription, and cell-virus interactions.
Inhibitory effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on L-type calcium channel currents in gastric antral myocytes of guinea pigs. (2006)

The role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the gastrointestinal tract is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of CNP on barium current (I(Ba)) through the L-type calcium channel in gastric antral myocytes of guinea pigs. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was performed in gastric antral myocytes isolated by collagenase in guinea pigs. CNP significantly inhibited I(Ba) in a dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 micromol/l, CNP inhibited I(Ba) to 81.56 +/- 2.48 %, 73.64 +/- 3.65 %, and 57.77 +/- 4.93 % of control at 0 mV, respectively. The values of steady-state half-inactivation voltage (33.6 +/- 2.6 mV and 33.8 +/- 3.4 mV, in control and CNP groups, respectively) or the half-activation voltage (-12.6 +/- 2.2 mV and 12.4 +/- 1.8 mV) of I(Ba) were not significantly changed (p > 0.05, n = 6). 8-br-cGMP (1 mmol/l) mimicked the effect of CNP on I(Ba), and the peak current of I(Ba) was inhibited from -403.84 +/- 61.87 pA to 318.94 +/- 67.17 pA (p < 0.05, n = 5). In the presence of LY83583 (0.1 micromol/l), a nonspecific inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, CNP (0.1 micromol/l)-induced inhibition of I(Ba) was partially blocked (n = 13, p < 0.05 ). However, when the cell was pretreated with zaprinast (0.1 micromol/l), an inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) sensitive phosphoesterase, the inhibitory effect of CNP on I(Ba) was significantly potentiated (n = 11, p < 0.05). KT5823 (1 micromol/l), a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, almost completely blocked CNP-induced inhibition of I(Ba). The results suggested that CNP can inhibit L-type calcium channel currents, and the inhibitory effect is mediated by pGC-cGMP-PKG-dependent signal pathway in gastric antral myocytes of guinea pigs.
Stress Development Due to Capillary Condensation in Powder Compacts: A Two‐Dimensional Model Study (2000)

A model experiment is presented to investigate the relationship between the humidity‐dependent liquid distribution and the macroscopic stress in a partially wet powder compact. Therefore, films of monosized spherical particles were cast on silicon substrates. Using environmental SEM the geometry of the liquid necks trapped between particles was imaged as a function of relative humidity. Simultaneously the macroscopic stress in the substrate adhered particle film was measured by capacitive deflection measurement. The experimentally found humidity dependence of the liquid neck size and the macroscopic film stress are compared with model predictions. The circle–circle approximation is used to predict the size of the liquid necks between touching particles as a function of the capillary pressure. Using the modified Kelvin relation between capillary pressure and relative humidity, we consider the effect of an additional solute which may be present in the capillary liquid. The results of the stress measurement are compared with the model predictions for a film of touching particles in hexagonal symmetry. The contribution of the capillary interaction to the adhesion force between neighboring particles is calculated using the integrated Laplace equation. The resulting film stress can be approximated relating this capillary force to an effective cross section per particle. The experimentally found humidity dependence of the liquid neck size is in good agreement with the model predictions for finite solute concentration. The film stress corresponds to the model predictions only for large relative humidities and shows an unexpected increase at small values. As is shown with an atomic force microscope, the real structure of the particle–particle contact area changes during the wet/dry cycle. A solution/reprecipitation process causes surface heterogeneities and solid bridging between the particles. It is claimed that the existence of a finite contact zone between the particles gives rise to the unexpected increase of the stress at small relative humidities.
Architectural verification of processors using symbolic instruction graphs (2002)

High performance processor designs use techniques such as pipelining, multiple execution units, register renaming, bypass paths, and branch prediction to meet their goals. These techniques make them susceptible to design errors that are triggered only when executing complex sequences of instructions. We introduce a language called SIGL for specifying symbolic instruction graphs (SIGs) that can be used as templates for such test cases. SIGL allows specification of constraints in a high level template from which many test cases can be generated, all targeting some specific characteristic of a processor design. SIGL has been used successfully to check the conformance of various industrial processor designs to their architectural specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Channel decoder architecture of OFDM based DMB system (2004)

We present the architecture and implementation of a channel decoder for a Korean standard DMB system. This channel decoder has many technical advantages of OFDM, error correction (Viterbi decoder and Reed-Solomon decoder) and audio source coding (MUSICAM). The channel decoder has a mixed hardware and software architecture to get a high performance and functional flexibility. It meets the requirements for a terrestrial DMB system. The prototype channel decoder of DMB system is developed using the DSP and FPGA hardware modules.
Parallel architecture for high-speed Reed-Solomon codec (2002)

This paper presents a parallel architecture for a high-speed Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder and decoder (codec) LSI. Since the architecture allows H symbols to be processed in parallel the codec LSI achieves a data rate of mLH b/s. where m is the symbol size (m bits per symbol), L is the clock frequency of the circuit, and H is an arbitrary integer. As an example, we investigate hardware complexity, delay and critical path length for a (255.251) RS code. It is shown that both the hardware complexity and the delay for a parallel circuit is much less than that with the parallel operation of H conventional circuits. Although the only problem with, this parallel architecture is that the encoder's critical path length increases with H, the proposed architectures is more efficient than a setup using H conventional circuits for high data rate applications. It is also suggested that parallel RS codecs, which can keep up with optical transmission rates, i.e. several giga bits/sec. could be implemented on one LSI chip, using current CMOS technology.
Physics of Continuous Matter: Exotic and Everyday Phenomena in the Macroscopic World (2004)

Classical Continuum Physics
The Effect of Dissolved Gas on Reservoir Brine Viscosity (1985)

ABSTRACT Correlations are available in the literature for the prediction of reservoir brine viscosity as a function of temperature, pressure, and salinity. Despite the fact that natural gas is soluble in brines, little useful data has been published regarding the effect of dissolved gas on viscosity. In the current work, the effect of dissolved methane on the viscosity of pure water has been measured at 100, 150, and 250°F, over a saturation pressure range of 0-7500 psi. The viscosity was found to increase by up to 6% with gas saturation at moderate pressures. A correlation of this data is presented, along with a recommendation for the extension of the correlation to brine/natural gas systems. In addition, a simple modification to the standard electrical contact rolling ball viscoslmeter to allow its use with electrolyte solutions is described.
Reconsideration and Reconciliation: Arizona's "Brothers Udall" and the Grand Canyon Dams Controversy, 1961–1968 (2005)

I n contrast to their numerous efforts to preserve unique and threatened eco- systems as national parklands in 1960s America, Arizona representative Morris Udall and his older brother, Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall, initially fought with zeal to sandwich Grand Canyon National Park between two hydroelectric dams.Both realized that growing agribusinesses and expanding metropolitan areas in postwar Arizona demanded a dependable water supply to augment rapidly dropping regional groundwater tables. 1 The proposed hydroelectric dams in Bridge and Marble Canyons would supply the enormous amounts of electricity required to pump and deliver Colorado River water south to Phoenix and Tucson.Although the brothers started as staunch supporters of both dams, important events and influences during their eight-year cotenure in Washington, D.C., eventually changed their views.The issue of hydroelectric dams in the Grand Canyon demonstrated the Udall brothers' adherence to the postwar gospel of efficient water-resource developme!1t to meet constituent demands. 2 Yet the dams
The effect of low frequency pulse-shaped substrate bias on the remote plasma deposition of a-Si : H thin films (2009)

We have applied both sinusoidal and pulse-shaped rf substrate biasing techniques to the expanding thermal plasma deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data demonstrate that both methods of substrate biasing can result in improved film properties at deposition rates ranging from 1.4 to 16 nm s-1, at relatively low substrate temperatures (200 °C), as demonstrated by an increase in refractive index, and a decrease in the microstructure factor (R*). An extra plasma forms in front of the substrate upon the application of both bias techniques, but optical emission spectroscopy data show that the emission intensities are significantly greater with the sinusoidal rf bias. Although the application of sinusoidal rf bias results in an initial improvement of the materials, the H content and R* values both increase at higher rf-induced substrate bias voltages (-Vbias >~ 70 V). The same bias conditions that result in increased H content and R* correspond to the conditions where the additional plasma in front of the substrate undergoes both a sharp increase in emission, and a decrease in measured ion current, suggesting an a to ¿' transition.
Synthesis, characterization, bioactivity and biocompatibility of nanostructured materials based on the wollastonite‐poly(ethylmethacrylate‐<i>co</i>‐vinylpyrrolidone) system (2008)

Composite materials are very promising biomaterials for hard tissue augmentation. The approach assayed in this work involves the manufacturing of a composite made of a bioactive ceramic, natural wollastonite (W) and a nanostructured copolymer of ethylmethacrylate (EMA) and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) to yield a bioresorbable and biocompatible VP-EMA copolymer. A bulk polymerization was induced thermally at 50 degrees C, using 1 wt % azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as free-radical initiator. Structural characterization, compressive strength, flexural strength (FS), degradation, bioactivity, and biocompatibility were evaluated in specimens with a 60/40 VP/EMA ratio and ceramic content in the range 0-60%. A good integration between phases was achieved. Greater compression and FS, in comparison with the pure copolymer specimens was obtained only when the ceramic load got up to 60% of the total weight. The soaking in NaCl solution resulted in the initial swelling of the specimens tested. The maximum swelling was reached after 2-3 h of immersion and it was significantly greater for lower ceramic loads. This result makes the polymer component the main responsible for the interactions with the media. After soaking in SBF, microdomains segregation can be observed in the polymer component that can be related with a dramatic difference in the reactivity of both monomers in free radical polymerization, whereas the formation of an apatite-like layer on the W surfaces can be observed. Biocompatibility in vitro studies showed the absence of cytotoxicity of all formulations. The cells were able to adhere on the polystyrene negative control and on specimens containing 60 wt % wollastonite forming a monolayer and showing a normal morphology. However, a low cellular growth was observed.
Study on preparation of high surface area tungsten carbides and phase transition during the carburisation (2002)

A detailed study of step-by-step carburisation of WO3 using 20%CH4/H2 and 10%C2H6/H2 under various conditions is described. The catalyst materials have been characterised using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DTC), temperature programmed reaction (TPR), surface area measurement using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and elemental X-ray micro-analysis (EDX). The structures of the product carbides were found to be functions of the conditions of synthesis. The use of C2H6/H2 gave the highest surface area materials. During the early steps in the carburisation process at lower temperatures, disorder intergrowth occurs and non-stoichiometric crystallographic shear tungsten oxide (i.e. WO3−x), and then WO2 are formed. Three steps are identified during the conversion of WO3 to WC using 10% C2H6/H2. First WO2 is formed by the reduction with hydrogen at temperatures of 670–720 K. This is carburised to WOxCy or β-W2C between 800–870 K. Finally, a second carburisation occurs at temperatures between 870–920 K to produce α-WC.