gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web Camera Based Eye Tracking to Assess Visual Memory on a Visual Paired Comparison Task (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Web cameras are increasingly part of the standard hardware of most smart devices. Eye movements can often provide a noninvasive "window on the brain," and the recording of eye movements using web cameras is a burgeoning area of research. <b>Objective:</b> This study investigated a novel methodology for administering a visual paired comparison (VPC) decisional task using a web camera.To further assess this method, we examined the correlation between a standard eye-tracking camera automated scoring procedure [obtaining images at 60 frames per second (FPS)] and a manually scored procedure using a built-in laptop web camera (obtaining images at 3 FPS). <b>Methods:</b> This was an observational study of 54 clinically normal older adults.Subjects completed three in-clinic visits with simultaneous recording of eye movements on a VPC decision task by a standard eye tracker camera and a built-in laptop-based web camera. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using Siegel and Castellan's kappa formula. Pearson correlations were used to investigate the correlation between VPC performance using a standard eye tracker camera and a built-in web camera. <b>Results:</b> Strong associations were observed on VPC mean novelty preference score between the 60 FPS eye tracker and 3 FPS built-in web camera at each of the three visits (<i>r</i> = 0.88-0.92). Inter-rater agreement of web camera scoring at each time point was high (κ = 0.81-0.88). There were strong relationships on VPC mean novelty preference score between 10, 5, and 3 FPS training sets (<i>r</i> = 0.88-0.94). Significantly fewer data quality issues were encountered using the built-in web camera. <b>Conclusions:</b> Human scoring of a VPC decisional task using a built-in laptop web camera correlated strongly with automated scoring of the same task using a standard high frame rate eye tracker camera.While this method is not suitable for eye tracking paradigms requiring the collection and analysis of fine-grained metrics, such as fixation points, built-in web cameras are a standard feature of most smart devices (e.g., laptops, tablets, smart phones) and can be effectively employed to track eye movements on decisional tasks with high accuracy and minimal cost.
Composition of the essential oils of <i>Sideritis cladestina</i> ssp <i>Cyllenea</i> and <i>Sideritis sipylea</i> (1989)

Abstract The quantitative composition of the essential oils from two different Sideritis (Labiatae) species ( S cladestina spp cyllenea and S sipylea ) is reported. Over 80 components have been identified in each species by means of GC and GCMS analysis, and a number of substances have been identified for the first time in these essential oils.
Intermuscular coherence in Parkinson's disease: relationship to bradykinesia (2001)

We hypothesised that bradykinesia may be partly due to the failure of the corticomuscular system to engage in high frequency oscillatory activity in Parkinson's disease (PD). In healthy subjects such oscillations are evident in coherence between active muscles at 15--30 Hz. We therefore investigated the effects of therapeutic stimulation of the basal ganglia on this coherence and related it to changes in bradykinesia in the contralateral arm. Increases in coherence at 15--30 Hz and improvements in bradykinesia upon stimulation were correlated (r = 0.564, p < 0.001). This suggests that the basal ganglia modulate oscillatory activity in the corticomuscular system and that impairment of the motor system's ability to engage in synchronised oscillations at high frequency may contribute to bradykinesia in PD.
Heat Engine Driven by Shape Memory Alloys: Prototyping and Design (2002)

This work presents a novel approach to arranging shape memory alloy (SMA) wires into a functional heat engine. Significant contributions include the design itself, a preliminary analytical model and the realization of a research prototype; thereby, laying a foundation from which to base refinements and seek practical applications. Shape memory alloys are metallic materials that, if deformed when cold, can forcefully recover their original, "memorized" shapes, when heated. The proposed engine consists of a set of SMA wires stretched between two crankshafts, synchronized to rotate in the same direction. Cranks on the first crankshaft are slightly longer than cranks on the second. During operation, the engine is positioned between two distinct thermal reservoirs such that half of its wires are heated while the other half are cooled. Wires on the hot side attempt to contract, driving the engine in the direction that relieves the heat-induced stress. Wires on the cold side soften and stretch as the engine rotates. Because the force generated during heated recovery exceeds that required for cooled deformation, the engine is capable of generating shaft power. Limited experimental measurements of shaft speed were performed. An analytical model of the engine predicts that the maximum output power for the prototype, under test conditions, should be 0.75 W. Thermal efficiency, though not measured or calculated in this work, is expected to be low. Potential applications may include the conversion of waste heat into shaft power.
Design and prototype development of MIMO-OFDM for next generation wireless LAN (2005)

Multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is regarded as a promising technology enabling higher data rate wireless communications in frequency selective fading channels. This paper proposes the next generation wireless local area network (WLAN) physical (PHY) layer transmission technology using dual-band and MIMO-OFDM schemes and discusses test results of MIMO-OFDM prototype system implemented with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). This design targets over 200 Mbps of the maximum PHY data rate in 40 MHz bandwidth and compatibility with the legacy IEEE 802.11a. For a cost-effective implementation and improved packet error rate (PER) performance, 2 transmit and 3 receive antennas and 40 MHz channel are used to achieve the desired PER and throughput performance in the 5 GHz band.
Multispectral Identification of Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultispectral Identification of Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking WaterSusan D. Richardson, Alfred D. Thruston, Timothy W. Collette, Kathleen Schenck. Patterson, Benjamin W. Lykins, George. Majetich, and Yong. ZhangCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 4, 592–599Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00053a010https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views909Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5-cm^−1 band model option to lowtran5 (1981)

Modifications to the atmospheric transmission and radiation code LOWTRAN5 are presented which include (1) an increase in the spectral resolution from 20 to 5 cm(-1), (2) the addition of temperature-dependent molecular absorption coefficients, (3) the use of a multiparameter Doppler-Lorentz band model for calculation of molecular transmittance, and (4) the use of the Curtis-Godson approximation for multilayered paths. Comparisons of predictions using the LOWTRAN5 5-cm(-1) band model option to measured transmittance and radiance data are also presented.
Sweet taste signaling functions as a hypothalamic glucose sensor (2009)

Brain glucosensing is essential for normal body glucose homeostasis and neuronal function. However, the exact signaling mechanisms involved in the neuronal sensing of extracellular glucose levels remain poorly understood. Of particular interest is the identification of candidate membrane molecular sensors that would allow neurons to change firing rates independently of intracellular glucose metabolism. Here we describe for the first time the expression of the taste receptor genes Tas1r1, Tas1r2 and Tas1r3, and their associated G-protein genes, in the mammalian brain. Neuronal expression of taste genes was detected in different nutrient-sensing forebrain regions, including the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the CA fields and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the habenula, and cortex. Expression was also observed in the intra-ventricular epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. These same regions were found to express the corresponding gene products that form the heterodimeric T1R2/T1R3 and T1R1/T1R3 sweet and l-amino acid taste G-protein coupled receptors, respectively, along with the taste G-protein alpha-gustducin. Moreover, in vivo studies in mice demonstrated that the hypothalamic expression of taste-related genes is regulated by the nutritional state of the animal, with food deprivation significantly increasing expression levels of Tas1r1 and Tas1r2 in hypothalamus, but not in cortex. Furthermore, exposing mouse hypothalamic cells to a low-glucose medium, while maintaining normal l-amino acid concentrations, specifically resulted in higher expression levels of the sweet-associated gene Tas1r2. This latter effect was reversed by adding the non-metabolizable artificial sweetener sucralose to the low-glucose medium, indicating that taste-like signaling in hypothalamic neurons does not require intracellular glucose oxidation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the heterodimeric G-protein coupled sweet receptor T1R2/T1R3 is a candidate membrane-bound brain glucosensor.
Mining sequential patterns and tree patterns to detect erroneous sentences (2007)

An important application area of detecting erroneous sentences is to provide feedback for writers of English as a Second Language. This problem is difficult since both erroneous and correct sentences are diversified. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to identifying erroneous sentences. We first mine labeled tree patterns and sequential patterns to characterize both erroneous and correct sentences. Then the discovered patterns are utilized in two ways to distinguish correct sentences from erroneous sentences: (1) the patterns are transformed into sentence features for existing classification models, e.g., SVM; (2) the patterns are used to build a rulebased classification model. Experimental results show that both techniques are promising while the second technique outperforms the first approach. Moreover, the classification model in the second proposal is easy to understand, and we can provide intuitive explanation for classification results.
Alkaline Degradation of 1,1-Disubstituted 2-Arenesulfonhydrazides. Synthesis and Reactivity of 1-Amino-2,5-diphenyl- and -2,3,4,5-tetraphenylpyrrole<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaline Degradation of 1,1-Disubstituted 2-Arenesulfonhydrazides. Synthesis and Reactivity of 1-Amino-2,5-diphenyl- and -2,3,4,5-tetraphenylpyrrole1Louis A. CarpinoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3, 736–739Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01014a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01014a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Die Bestimmung von Nanogramm‐Mengen Quecksilber aus Lösungen durch ein flammenloses atomares Absorptionsverfahren (1967)

Abstract A flameless atomic absorption method for the determination of small amounts of mercury in solutions is described. The mercury is amalgamated quantitatively on a copper wire and subsequently vaporized in an absorption cell which is placed in the light path of a commercial atomic absorption instrument. The mercury vapor can be quantitatively determined by its absorption of the 253.7 nm mercury line. The method has a detection limit of 0.2 ng and is therefore about 10000 times more sensitive than atomic absorption analysis using flame atomization.
Continuous Emulsion Polymerization: Problems in Development of Commercial Processes (1979)

Continuous emulsion polymerization systems are studied to elucidate reaction mechanisms and to generate the knowledge necessary for the development of commercial continuous processes. Problems encountered with the development of continuous reactor systems and some of the ways of dealing with these problems will be discussed in this paper. Those interested in more detailed information on chemical mechanisms and theoretical models should consult the review papers by Ugelstad and Hansen (1), (kinetics and mechanisms) and by Poehlein and Dougherty (2), (continuous emulsion polymerization). In order to be economically viable, a continuous emulsion polymerization process must be able to produce a latex which satisfies application requirements at high rates without frequent disruptions. Since most latex products are developed in batch equipment, the problems associated with converting to continuous systems can be significant. Making such a change requires an understanding of the differences between batch and continuous reactors and how these differences
Cell-Based Measures of Viral Persistence Are Associated With Immune Activation and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1)–Expressing CD4+ T cells (2012)

Cell-based measurements of viral persistence were consistently associated with markers of immune activation and the frequency of PD-1-expressing CD4(+) T cells. Treated patients with a low CD4(+) T-cell count had higher frequencies of PD-1-expressing CD4(+) T cells and cell-based measures of viral persistence, suggesting that HIV infection in these individuals may be more difficult to cure and may require unique interventions.
Low-Loss Y-Branch Waveguides Designed by Wavefront Matching Method (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we describe the procedure for designing low-loss Y-branch waveguides by the wavefront matching (WFM) method, and report experimental results as proof of concept. The designed Y-branches were fabricated using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. A Y-branch fabricated with a 0.45%-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex> </formula> waveguide exhibited a low excess loss of less than 0.2 dB over a wide wavelength range of 1250 to 1650 nm. In addition, we demonstrate that the WFM-designed Y-branches enable us to provide compact 1 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> 32 splitters with an average insertion loss of 16.0 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. In addition, we present some experimental results obtained using samples with different <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex></formula> values, and show that our design method is more efficient for a higher <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex> </formula> waveguide suitable for functional PLC devices. </para>
Ankyrin links fodrin to the alpha subunit of Na,K-ATPase in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and in intact renal tubule cells. (1989)

In nonerythroid cells the distribution of the cortical membrane skeleton composed of fodrin (spectrin), actin, and other proteins varies both temporally with cell development and spatially within the cell and on the membrane. In monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, it has previously been shown that fodrin and Na,K-ATPase are codistributed asymmetrically at the basolateral margins of the cell, and that the distribution of fodrin appears to be regulated posttranslationally when confluence is achieved (Nelson, W. J., and P. I. Veshnock. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 104:1527-1537). The molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. We find that (a) in confluent MDCK cells and intact kidney proximal tubule cells, Na,K-ATPase, fodrin, and analogues of human erythrocyte ankyrin are precisely colocalized in the basolateral domain at the ultrastructural level. (b) This colocalization is only achieved in MDCK cells after confluence is attained. (c) Erythrocyte ankyrin binds saturably to Na,K-ATPase in a molar ratio of approximately 1 ankyrin to 4 Na,K-ATPase's, with a kD of 2.6 microM. (d) The binding of ankyrin to Na,K-ATPase is inhibited by the 43-kD cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte band 3. (e) 125I-labeled ankyrin binds to the alpha subunit of Na,K-ATPase in vitro. There also appears to be a second minor membrane protein of approximately 240 kD that is associated with both erythrocyte and kidney membranes that binds 125I-labeled ankyrin avidly. The precise identity of this component is unknown. These results identify a molecular mechanism in the renal epithelial cell that may account for the polarized distribution of the fodrin-based cortical cytoskeleton.
Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: An Integrated Review of Catalysis and Life Cycle Assessment (2017)

CO<sub>2</sub> conversion covers a wide range of possible application areas from fuels to bulk and commodity chemicals and even to specialty products with biological activity such as pharmaceuticals. In the present review, we discuss selected examples in these areas in a combined analysis of the state-of-the-art of synthetic methodologies and processes with their life cycle assessment. Thereby, we attempted to assess the potential to reduce the environmental footprint in these application fields relative to the current petrochemical value chain. This analysis and discussion differs significantly from a viewpoint on CO<sub>2</sub> utilization as a measure for global CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation. Whereas the latter focuses on reducing the end-of-pipe problem "CO<sub>2</sub> emissions" from todays' industries, the approach taken here tries to identify opportunities by exploiting a novel feedstock that avoids the utilization of fossil resource in transition toward more sustainable future production. Thus, the motivation to develop CO<sub>2</sub>-based chemistry does not depend primarily on the absolute amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions that can be remediated by a single technology. Rather, CO<sub>2</sub>-based chemistry is stimulated by the significance of the relative improvement in carbon balance and other critical factors defining the environmental impact of chemical production in all relevant sectors in accord with the principles of green chemistry.
Effects of CD134 Monoclonal Antibody on Hemolysis Activities and Expression of Perforin in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients (2007)

Perforin had been demonstrated to play important roles in the pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which was a potential target of clinical treatment of SLE. CD134 was a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, which had been demonstrated to inhibit expression of perforin mRNA. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of CD134 monoclonal antibody (MAb) on expression and hemolysis activities of perforin and its mechanisms. Effects of CD134 MAb on hemolysis activities of perforin were measured by rabbit red blood cells. Effects of CD134 MAb on expression of perforin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and flow cytometry. Then, expression of NF-kappaB P65 was detected by Western blot. The results showed that CD134 MAb could inhibit hemolysis activities and expression of perforin through decreasing expression of NF-kappaB P65. The inhibition effects were positively correlated to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and 24-hour protein-uria of SLE patients in active state. CD134 MAb is suggested to be a potential treatment for SLE patients.
Feline colostrum--friend or foe: maternal antibodies in queens and kittens. (1997)

The transfer of immunoglobulins (Ig) by colostrum from the queen to the neonatal kitten not only provides protection from infection, but may also cause serious illness. Neonatal isoerythrolysis may occur when kittens of blood type A or AB receive colostral anti-A alloantibodies from a type B queen. In contrast to other species, Ig concentrations in milk and colostrum did not differ markedly. Gastrointestinal absorption of IgG was limited to the first day of life. The half-lifes of maternally derived IgG and IgA in kittens were shorter than in puppies. In conclusion, milk from another queen may be given as a replacement for colostrum to neonatal kittens. Kittens at risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis must be removed from their type B queen during the first day of life and may safely receive milk or colostrum from a type A queen.