gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical epidemiology of heart failure: public and private health burden. (1998)

Clinically overt heart failure is common, costly, disabling, and deadly; it remains so despite the tremendous benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Better treatments for and earlier detection of heart failure are needed if the situation to improve. However, even this may not be enough. The dramatic deterioration in quality of life and prognosis when a patient progresses from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to overt heart failure suggests that only a programme of screening and prevention will effectively reduce the public health burden of heart failure. Moreover, the economic consequences of developing overt heart failure suggest that such an approach is likely to be cost-effective.
Area Moment of Inertia for Comparison of Implant Cross-Sectional Geometry and Bending Stiffness (1995)

Area moment of inertia for an object can be calculated by use of mathematical equations, and is defined by the dimensions of the object. Area moment of inertia and modulus of elasticity are principal factors determining bending stiffness. Because the majority of veterinary orthopaedic implants are made of 316L stainless steel, and therefore have a similar modulus of elasticity, comparison of area moment of inertia for different implants provides an estimate of relative bending stiffness and can assist implant selection for a particular fracture. Knowledge of this parameter may help avoid treatment complications, such as implant failure.
Calcium supplementation of the diet--I. (1989)

the sternomastoid in spasmodic torticollis) can also be in- jected.'3 '4 Nevertheless, large doses are required for treating bulky muscles and may cause systemic side effects besides stimulating antibody production.'5 A further benefit has been for spastic dysphonia,'6 but less satisfactory results have been obtained with other small muscle groups such as in the hand and detrusor-sphincter abnormalities. 7
Glyphosate Timing and Tillage System Effects on Glyphosate-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Glyphosate-resistant canola has been widely adopted in western Canada. This has prompted producer interest in the timing of glyphosate application, particularly under zero tillage, where glyphosate is often applied preseeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe, Edmonton, and Beaverlodge in Alberta in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to determine the importance of preseeding glyphosate and the most effective growth stage to apply glyphosate to canola to optimize yield and weed management. Treatments consisted of zero-tillage systems, with and without preseeding glyphosate, and a conventional-tillage system involving preseeding tillage operations. Glyphosate was applied at the one- to two-, three- to four-, or five- to six-leaf stages of canola in each tillage system. Canola yield and weed dry weight were largely unaffected by the tillage system. In most instances, the highest canola yields occurred when glyphosate was applied early to the crop. The opposite occurred at Lacombe and Edmonton in 1999, however, where canola yield increased as glyphosate was applied at later crop growth stages. This yield benefit likely resulted from the control of late-emerging weeds that exerted competitive pressure on canola. Early glyphosate timing in glyphosate-resistant canola may eliminate the need for preseeding glyphosate in zero-tillage systems, and optimize yield and weed control.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; canola, Brassica napus L. ‘Quest’.Additional index words: Critical period of weed control, direct seeding, preseeding glyphosate application, reduced tillage, zero tillage.
Estimation of linkage disequilibrium in a sample of the United Kingdom dairy cattle population using unphased genotypes1 (2003)

The association between genetic marker alleles was estimated for two regions of the bovine genome from a random sample of 50 young dairy bulls born in the United Kingdom between 1988 and 1995. Microsatellite marker genotypes were obtained for six markers on chromosome 2 and seven markers on chromosome 6, spanning 38 and 20 cM, respectively. Two different methods, which do not require family information, were used to estimate population haplotype frequencies. Haplotype frequencies were estimated for pairs of loci using the expectation-maximization algorithm and for all linked loci using a Bayesian approach via a Markov chain-Monte Carlo algorithm. Significant (P = 0.0007) linkage disequilibrium was detected between pairs of loci in syntenic groups (that is, loci in the same linkage group), extending to about 10 cM. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between markers in nonsyntenic regions. Given the observed level of linkage disequilibrium, mapping methods based on population-wide association might provide a better resolution than traditional quantitative trait loci mapping methods in the U.K. dairy cattle population and may reduce the required sample sizes of the experiments.
Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia), Judgment (1998)

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Electro‐Optic Ceramics (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Optics Lanthanum-substituted Lead Zirconate Titanate Applications Optical Non-linearity in Glass and Glass-ceramics Problems Bibliography
Estimation of relative offset and drift between local clocks in wireless sensor networks (2017)

In wireless sensor networks, each wireless sensor node records events occurred in its observation area with their observation time. Each wireless sensor node possesses its own local clock whose drift and offset are generally different from the others. In addition, it is difficult for the wireless sensor nodes to adjust drifts and offsets of their local clocks since transmission delay of messages between neighbor wireless sensor nodes are difficult to estimate due to CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS control for collision avoidance. Thus, it is difficult to achieve orders and intervals among events observed by different wireless sensor nodes. Moreover, even if multiple wireless sensor nodes observe the same event, their recorded observation times might be different and two observation records for the same event by multiple wireless sensor nodes are not always recognized as the records for the same event. Based on an assumption that obser- vation areas of neighbor wireless sensor nodes are overlapped, by using observation records of the commonly observed events by neighbor wireless sensor nodes, this paper proposes a novel method to estimate the relative drift and offset between local clocks of the neighbor wireless sensor nodes. Here, each sensor node only detects the occurrences of events and cannot achieve the locations where the events occur. Hence, commonly observed events between neighbor wireless sensor nodes are required to be detected. Our proposed method applies a heuristic that multiple observation records in neighbor wireless sensor nodes whose intervals are the same are estimated to be commonly observed events.
Vasopressin Receptors in Human Adrenal Medulla and Pheochromocytoma<sup>1</sup> (1999)

The nature of vasopressin (VP) receptors present in normal and tumoral human adrenal was investigated using various experimental approaches. Specific VP-binding sites were detected by autoradiography using [3H]arginine VP as a radioligand in adrenal cortex and medulla. The V1a receptor subtype was expressed in the two parts of the gland, as shown by pharmacological studies and RT-PCR experiments. By contrast, the V1b receptor subtype was only expressed in medullary chromaffin cells. This was confirmed by the characterization of V1b transcripts detected in adrenal medulla tissues. In pheochromocytoma, we also detected functional V1b receptors. These receptors triggered intracellular calcium mobilization from intracellular pools and were involved in catecholamine secretion. Binding experiments performed on pheochromocytoma plasma membrane preparations also revealed V1a vasopressin-binding sites, whose roles and cellular localization have not yet been determined. RT-PCR experiments confirmed these data; 100% and 80% of the five tumors tested exhibited V1a and V1b transcripts, respectively. Perifusion experiments also demonstrated that some pheochromocytomas may secrete large amounts of VP. Our findings imply that VP locally secreted by human adrenal medulla may regulate adrenal function by acting on V1a or V1b receptors. More interestingly, we demonstrate that one pheochromocytoma oversecretes VP. In this particular case, this may contribute to the increase in blood pressure observed.
A Structural Limitation on Enzyme Activity:  The Case of HMG-CoA Synthase<sup>,</sup> (2006)

Recent structural studies of the HMG-CoA synthase members of the thiolase superfamily have shown that the catalytic loop containing the nucleophilic cysteine follows the phi and psi angle pattern of a II' beta turn. However, the i + 1 residue is conserved as an alanine, which is quite unusual in this position as it must adopt a strained positive phi angle to accommodate the geometry of the turn. To assess the effect of the conserved strain in the catalytic loop, alanine 110 of Enterococcus faecalis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase was mutated to a glycine. Subsequent enzymatic studies showed that the overall reaction rate of the enzyme was increased 140-fold. An X-ray crystallographic study of the Ala110Gly mutant enzyme demonstrated unanticipated adjustments in the active site that resulted in additional stabilization of all three steps of the reaction pathway. The rates of acetylation and hydrolysis of the mutant enzyme increased because the amide nitrogen of Ser308 shifts 0.4 A toward the catalytic cysteine residue. This motion positions the nitrogen to better stabilize the intermediate negative charge that develops on the carbonyl oxygen of the acetyl group during both the formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate and its hydrolysis. In addition, the hydroxyl of Ser308 rotates 120 degrees to a position where it is able to stabilize the carbanion intermediate formed by the methyl group of the acetyl-S-enzyme during its condensation with acetoacetyl-CoA.
Chiral polymethine dyes, V. syntheses, absolute configuration, spectroscopic, and chiroptical properties of chiral dinuclear tri‐ and pentamethinium as well as trinuclear [2.2.2]heptamethinediium cyanine dyes with 3‐<i>sec</i>‐butyl‐1,3‐dimethylindolyl end groups (1995)

Abstract Starting with natural monochiral (−)‐( S )‐2‐methyl‐1‐butanol ( 1a ) generated by alcoholic fermentations, we have synthesized the new monochiral heterocyclic iminium salt (+)‐(3 R ,15 S )‐3‐ sec ‐butyl‐1,2,3‐trimethylindoleninium tetrafluoroborate ( 11 ) in an eight‐step reaction sequence. Important steps of this sequence are the zeolite‐catalyzed Fischer synthesis of the monochiral indole 6a from the phenylhydrazone of ketone 5a and the separation of the diastereomeric salts 9 and 10 by fourfold fractional recrystallization from ethanol. With the new quaternary iminium salt 11 , new monochiral dinuclear tri‐ ( 13 ) and pentamethinium cyanine dyes ( 14 ) as well as the trinuclear [2.2.2]heptamethinediium 17 and [1.1.1]tetramethinium cyanine dyes 18 have been synthesized. The absolute configuration of the four stereogenic centers in the cyanine dye 14 has been confirmed by means of an X‐ray structural analysis. Spectroscopical and chiroptical properties of all new cyanine dyes have been determined.
CAD Techniques for Power Optimization in Virtex-5 FPGAs (2007)

We consider dynamic power dissipation in FPGAs and present CAD techniques for dynamic power reduction. The proposed techniques, comprising power-aware placement, routing, and a novel post-routing transformation, are applied to optimize the power consumed by industrial designs implemented in the Xilinx® Virtex™-5 FPGA. Board-level power measurements on a suite of industrial designs show that the techniques reduce power by 10%, on average.
The nanopore mass spectrometer (2017)

We report the design of a mass spectrometer featuring an ion source that delivers ions directly into high vacuum from liquid inside a capillary with a sub-micrometer-diameter tip. The surface tension of water and formamide is sufficient to maintain a stable interface with high vacuum at the tip, and the gas load from the interface is negligible, even during electrospray. These conditions lifted the usual requirement of a differentially pumped system. The absence of a background gas also opened up the possibility of designing ion optics to collect and focus ions in order to achieve high overall transmission and detection efficiencies. We describe the operation and performance of the instrument and present mass spectra from solutions of salt ions and DNA bases in formamide and salt ions in water. The spectra show singly charged solute ions clustered with a small number of solvent molecules.
Root diameter variations explained by anatomy and phylogeny of 50 tropical and temperate tree species (2014)

Root diameter, a critical indicator of root physiological function, varies greatly among tree species, but the underlying mechanism of this high variability is unclear. Here, we sampled 50 tree species across tropical and temperate zones in China, and measured root morphological and anatomical traits along the first five branch orders in each species. Our objectives were (i) to reveal the relationships between root diameter, cortical thickness and stele diameter among tree species in tropical and temperate forests, and (ii) to investigate the relationship of both root morphological and anatomical traits with divergence time during species radiation. The results showed that root diameter was strongly affected by cortical thickness but less by stele diameter in both tropical and temperate species. Changes in cortical thickness explained over 90% of variation in root diameter for the first order, and ∼74-87% for the second and third orders. Thicker roots displayed greater cortical thickness and more cortical cell layers than thinner roots. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that root diameter, cortical thickness and number of cortical cell layers significantly correlated with divergence time at the family level, showing similar variation trends in geological time. The results also suggested that trees tend to decrease their root cortical thickness rather than stele diameter during species radiation. The close linkage of variations in root morphology and anatomy to phylogeny as demonstrated by the data from the 50 tree species should provide some insights into the mechanism of root diameter variability among tree species.
Epidermal Growth Factor: Biology and Receptor Metabolism (1985)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small (Mr 6045) protein that stimulates cell proliferation in cell culture systems and in intact animals. This growth factor has been isolated from rodents and human material and probably exists in nearly all animal species. In humans EGF has been detected in many body fluids and receptors for the growth factor are also ubiquitous. While the mitogenic activity of EGF has been most frequently reported, it clearly has other functions, such as the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, that are unrelated to mitogenic responses. Correspondingly, receptors for EGF have been localized on cells that are rapidly proliferating and cells that are essentially non-proliferating. Nevertheless, it has not been possible to define experimentally the biological function(s) of the endogenous EGF present in the intact animal. Studies of the mechanism of action of EGF have concentrated, to date, on the plasma membrane receptor that specifically binds this ligand. The receptor is undoubtedly the first cellular component that mediates the eventual biological response(s) of the cell to this extracellular signal. Studies of the EGF receptor have shown that this molecule, which has no subunit structure, functions not only in ligand recognition, but also may produce an intracellular 'second message'. The receptor contains a protein kinase activity that is activated by the binding of EGF and it is this enzymic function that may yield the critical 'second messenger', by phosphorylation of an intracellular protein. Although intracellular targets of this EGF-sensitive protein kinase have been identified, it has not been possible to demonstrate their relevance as regulatory mediators of EGF activity.
Continuous similarity join on data streams (2014)

Similarity join plays an important role in many applications, such as data cleaning and integration, to address the poor data quality problem. Most of the existing studies focused on performing similarity join on static datasets but few studies realized running it on dynamic data streams. With the development of network technology, the data accessing paradigm has transferred from disk-oriented mode to online data streams, which makes performing similarity join in continuous query on data streams become a novel query processing paradigm. Different from static dataset, data stream is unbounded, continuous and unpredictable. The significant differences pose serious challenges, such as real-time query performance. To this end, we study the problem of continuous similarity join on data streams in this paper, which is based on edit distance metric and filter-and-verify framework with sliding-window semantics. Two subcases of this problem are studied, including self similarity join on a single data stream and similarity join on two streams. We introduced the basic window based sliding window model to facilitate the update of sliding window and its index. More details of our method, including signature extraction schemes, filtering and verification algorithms, re-evaluation strategies are discussed respectively. Finally, extensive experimental results show that our method works efficiently on real data streams.
Incipient bearing fault diagnostics for inverter fed induction motor drive using ANFIS (2010)

Incipient fault detection of electrical machine is a challenging task and requires intelligent diagnostic approach. Huge research effort is put to automate the fault diagnostic schemes. Among several causes of electrical machine failure the most frequent occurring fault is the mechanical bearing failure. Thus this paper present on-line diagnostic technique for incipient bearing failure in an inverter fed three-phase induction motor drive system. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is utilized for the diagnostic purpose. The proposed technique is verified using simulation approach. The simulation is done using Matlab/Simulink and the complete model is presented in the paper.
Investigation of the thermal performance of high-concentration photovoltaic solar cell package (2007)

The demand for energy resources to improve our quality of life continues to increase. However, the prices of Fossil Energy keep going up and the resources are limited. Therefore, more and more reusable energy resources are being developed. The foremost among these reusable energy resources is solar energy. A solar cell, powered by solar energy, uses semiconductors to transform light into electric power. The difference in structure between high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) solar cell and traditional solar cell is the usage of concentrated-light module to enhance the optic-electric transition efficiency. In general, under concentrated-light operation condition, the device temperature rises with increasing light concentration ratio. In other words, due to a decrease in open-circuit voltage as a function of increasing temperature, the system output power or energy-conversion efficiency decreases with the increasing temperature of the cell incorporated within the system. Therefore, thermal management has been an important issue for the package of a high-concentration photovoltaic solar cell. In this research, we first established a detailed finite element model of the HCPV solar cell package as a benchmark using ANSYS® finite element analysis program. The established finite element model can simplify and quickly resolve the thermal management problem of the HCPV solar cell package. We also performed Infrared (IR) thermography measurement experiment in order to validate the finite element model. After validation of the experimental results, we analyzed the variation of thermal performance under different design parameters of the HCPV solar cell package. Based on the simulation results of different design parameters, it can be found that the thickness of the heat sink plate plays important roles in the thermal management of the HCPV solar cell package, which indicates that the thicker the thickness of the aluminum plate, the lower the junction temperature of the HCPV solar cell package. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the test board and solder paste has a light effect to reduce junction temperature. The other result shows the capability of a protection gel not only to protect the die surface and wire bond but to also reduce cell temperature under a highly concentrated light condition.
Visible semiconductor laser fluorometry (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVisible semiconductor laser fluorometryTotaro. Imasaka, Atsushi. Tsukamoto, and Nobuhiko. IshibashiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 20, 2285–2288Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00195a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00195a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Topical BCG therapy of in situ cancer of the urinary bladder]. (1987)

Ten patients with primary, secondary and concurrent Tis were treated by intravesically instilled BCG-solution. A complete tumor remission could be obtained in 6 patients. Local toxicity was the reason for discontinuing the treatment in 2 patients. One patient developed a granulomatous prostatitis during the treatment. Although significant side effects did occur we think that topical BCG therapy is an effective treatment modality in Tis of the urinary bladder.