gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plexin-A4–semaphorin 3A signaling is required for Toll-like receptor– and sepsis-induced cytokine storm (2010)

Plexins and semaphorins are ligand-receptor pairs that serve as guidance molecules in the nervous system and play some roles in immunity. Plexins are similar to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in their evolutionary conservation from flies to mammals. By studying plexin-A4-deficient (Plxna4(-/-)) innate immune cells, in this study we show a novel influence of plexin-A4 on TLR signaling. Plxna4(-/-) cells exhibit defective inflammatory cytokine production upon activation by a spectrum of TLR agonists and bacteria. Plexin-A4 is required for TLR-induced activation of the small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase (GTPase) Rac1 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1). Rac1 activation is accompanied by JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and NF-κB activation, culminating in TLR-induced binding of NF-κB and AP-1 to the promoters of inflammatory cytokines. Plxna4(-/-) mice are remarkably resistant to TLR agonist-induced inflammation and polymicrobial peritonitis caused by cecal ligation and puncture. Administration of a ligand of plexin-A4, Sema3A (semaphorin 3A), exacerbates the cytokine storm caused by TLR agonists and bacterial sepsis. TLR engagement can induce Sema3A expression, thus completing an autocrine loop. These findings expand the role of plexins to TLR signaling and suggest plexin-A4 and Sema3A as new intervention points for treating sepsis.
Developments and use of plasmid integration systems for lactococci (1990)

Various traits of Lactococcus lactis important for dairying are encoded by unstable plasmids. The use of large scale dairy product fermentations necessitates the availability of genetically stable strains with defined properties. This thesis deals with efforts to develop plasmid integration systems which can be used to meet these requirements.... Zie: Summary and general discussion
Study of Schultz distribution to model polydispersity of microemulsion droplets (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of Schultz distribution to model polydispersity of microemulsion dropletsMichael Kotlarchyk, Richard B. Stephens, and John S. HuangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 6, 1533–1538Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100317a032https://doi.org/10.1021/j100317a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1654Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Manufacturing Strategy Formulation and Implementation: TheEducation and Training Role (1992)

Manufacturing strategy needs to be appropriate to the needs of the organization acceptable to all employees, and capable of subsequent renewal by management. To achieve this, attention needs to be paid not only to the objectives and framework of the manufacturing strategy, but also to the processes through which the manufacturing strategy is formulated, implemented, and adapted. Argues that these processes are essentially iterative passing through a series of cycles in response to a changing set of conditions. Whilst education and training issues are central to these processes, little research has been carried out. Puts forward one possible approach to dealing with these issues where education and training are handled by analysts external to the organization. This temporary resource or “locum” team works with the organization to achieve the ultimate aim of managers being able to formulate, implement, and review their own manufacturing strategy. This is achieved by helping managers to formulate a manufacturing strategy, providing guidance to them to implement the strategy and setting up monitoring and review mechanisms.
Molecularly Defined Caprolactone Oligomers and Polymers:  Synthesis and Characterization (2008)

The synthesis of molecularly defined epsilon-caprolactone oligomers and polymers up to the 64-mer, via an exponential growth strategy, is described. By careful selection of orthogonal protecting groups, t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ether for the hydroxyl group and benzyl (Bn) ester for the carboxylic acid group, a highly efficient synthetic strategy was developed with yields for both deprotection steps being essentially quantitative and for the coupling reactions using 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), yields of 80-95% were obtained even at high molecular weights. This allows monodisperse dimers, tetramers, octamers, 16-mers, 32-mers and 64-mers to be prepared in gram quantities and fully characterized using mass spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Thermal and physical properties were measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These results conclusively show a distinct structure/property relationship with a close correlation between the number of repeat units and physical properties. In addition, a number of marked differences were observed on comparison with the parent poly(caprolactone) polymer.
<i>In Vitro</i>Production of Stigma-like Structures from Stigma Explants of<i>Crocus sativus</i>L. (1990)

Journal Article In Vitro Production of Stigma-like Structures from Stigma Explants of Crocus sativus L. Get access K S. SARMA, K S. SARMA 3 1Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu UniversityGifu 501-11, Japan 3 Present address and to whom correspondence should be sent: Biotechnology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. MAESATO, K. MAESATO 2Murakashi Lime Industries Co Ltd.1-10 miyashita-cho, Kazuu-Machi, Aso-Gun, Tochigi 327-05, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T HARA, T HARA 1Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu UniversityGifu 501-11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y. SONODA Y. SONODA 1Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu UniversityGifu 501-11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 41, Issue 6, June 1990, Pages 745–748, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/41.6.745 Published: 01 June 1990
Very high aspect ratio through-silicon vias (TSVs) fabricated using automated magnetic assembly of nickel wires (2012)

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology enables 3D-integrated devices with higher performance and lower cost as compared to 2D-integrated systems. This is mainly due to smaller dimensions of the package and shorter internal signal lengths with lower capacitive, resistive and inductive parasitics. This paper presents a novel low-cost fabrication technique for metal-filled TSVs with very high aspect ratios (>20). Nickel wires are placed in via holes of a silicon wafer by an automated magnetic assembly process and are used as a conductive path of the TSV. This metal filling technique enables the reliable fabrication of through-wafer vias with very high aspect ratios and potentially eliminates characteristic cost drivers in the TSV production such as advanced metallization processes, wafer thinning and general issues associated with thin-wafer handling.
Automatic C-scan Image Formation for Non-destructive Inspection (2010)

Typically, non destructive evaluation (NDE) based on amplitude uses ultrasound [1]. In this paper, we propose a new method for C-scan image formation from A-Scan data. Matched filter and spatial correlation methods are commonly used for C-scan image formation. In the matched filter approach, pre-defined template is evaluated by estimation of inspector which means it needs specialized skills. Spatial correlation method evaluates correlation with neighbor pixels [2]-[5], so it is difficult to know about integration features. To solve these problems, we apply clustering algorithm to form a template signal that represents waveform of normal area of laminate. We also apply spatial correlation with the formed template and pixel data for C-scan image formation. Our novel approach gives information about location and shape of defects in constructed C-scan image
Formulation and Evaluation of Dispersible Tablets of Diltiazem Hydrochloride (2011)

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate dispersible tablets of Diltiazem HCL using wet granulation method for enhanced patient compliance. Dispersible Tablets prepared using Superdisintegrants such as Croscarmellose Sodium (Ac-Di-Sol) and Sodium Starch Glycolate. Formulations were evaluated for the standard of Dispersible Tablets. It was observed that all the formulations were acceptable with reasonable limits of standard required for Dispersible Tablets. The study reveals that Superdisintegrants used were effective in low concentration. It was concluded that Dispersible Tablets of Dispersible Tablets with enhanced dissolution rate can be made using selected Superdisintegrants.
Optical storage properties of novel azo-dye-doped polymer thin films (1999)

The research and development of high density optical data storage technology has become one of the most important objectives of the current data storage research activities.
Solid Phase Synthesis of 2′, 5′-Oligoadenylates Containing 3′-Fluorinated Ribose (1995)

Abstract 2′, 5′-phosphodiester bond-linked oligoadenylate trimers with 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxyadenosine residues incorporated at specific positions of the nucleotide sequence were synthesized by the solid phase phosphite triester (phosphoramidite) method. The syntheses were in the 2′ to 5′ direction and were performed manually using commercially available microcolumns. The oligonucleotides were 5′-end phosphorylated on the support before deprotection.
Evaluation of Nitric Oxide (NO) Levels in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Relationship to Schistosomiasis and Liver Cirrhosis among Egyptian Patients (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO), a recently discovered free radical, is overproduced in liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) might increase NO levels via increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS). This work was carried out to study the effect of HCV-induced liver cirrhosis on NO levels among Egyptian patients. The study included 46 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 30 healthy individuals of matched age and sex. NO levels determined as the stable endproduct nitrate, showed a statistically significant increase among patients compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, NO levels increased proportionally with the severity of liver cirrhosis as assessed by Child's classification (P < 0.05). Moreover, schistosomial infection enhanced NO levels in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection compared to non-bilharzial patients (P < 0.001). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and branched DNA assays were used for detection of HCV RNA positivity, and measurement of the virus load, respectively. Both showed a positive correlation with the NO levels (P < 0.001). At a nitrate cutoff value of 70 micromol/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.0% and 73.0%, respectively. Chi square analysis showed a significant correlation between ALT levels and both HCV RNA positivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (P < 0.02), and virus load (P<0.05). Interestingly enough, there was a significant positive correlation between HCV RNA and schistosomal antibody titer as measured by hemaglutination inhibition assay (HAI) (P < 0.05). The data presented in this report indicated an association between NO levels and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, the findings obtained from this study demonstrated that schistomiasis is an important risk factor involved in enhancement of NO levels and virus replication. The latter may aggravate liver cell injury and hence the development of cirrhosis.
Ontologies to integrate learning design and learning content (2005)

<p class="commentary_div"><strong>Commentary on:</strong> Chapter 8: Basic Design Procedures for E-learning Courses (Sloep, Hummel & Manderveld, 2005) <div class="abstract_container"> <strong>Abstract:</strong> The paper presents an ontology based approach to integrate learning designs and learning object content. The main goal is to increase the level of reusability of learning designs by enabling the use of a given learning design with different content. We first define a three-part conceptual model that introduces an intermediary level between learning design and learning objects called the learning object context. We then use ontologies to facilitate the representation of these concepts: LOCO is a new ontology for IMS-LD, ALOCoM is an existing ontology for learning objects, and LOCO-Cite is a new ontology for the contextual model. Building the LOCO ontology required correcting some inconsistencies in the present IMS LD Information Model. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach on three use cases: finding a teaching method based on domain-related competencies, searching for learning designs based on domain-independent competencies, and creating user recommendations for both learning objects and learning designs. </div><div class="editors_container"><strong>Editors:</strong> Colin Tattersall and Rob Koper.</div>
Android Security Internals: An In-Depth Guide to Android's Security Architecture (2014)

There are nearly a billion Android devices in use today, and every one is a potential security breach. Love it or hate it, the security of Android-based devices is of major concern to users and developers alike. In Android Security Internals, author Nikolay Elenkov delves into Android components and subsystems to give you a very deep and complete understanding of the security internals of Android devices. Elenkov's coverage of security topics ranges from package and user management to the details of cryptographic providers and credential storage. Android Security Internals is destined to be one book that that all security-minded Android developers will have to have on their bookshelves.
New Structures of Vector Control Systems for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors with Core Loss (2008)

This paper investigates and proposes new system structures for vector control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with core loss. The proposed vector control systems have the following versatile features. (a) The systems employ the structures allowing control of the stator current through control of the load current. (b) The systems employ unique “stator voltage feedback-use” structures in order to accomplish simply the load current control. (c) The produced torque is directly related to the load current, and the precise torque control can be attained through the load current control. (d) The relation between produced torque and the load current is nonlinear for salient-pole PMSMs similarly to the case of no core loss, and a variety of the load current commands can be selected from viewpoints of minimum loss and/or wide speed range drives. The system structures add no constraints to the selection of the load current commands. (e) In addition to the torque control, the speed control can be allowed, where linearity between output of the speed controller and produced torque is kept. The validity of versatile features is verified through the numerical experiments.
A 13 bit ISDN-band oversampled ADC using two-stage third order noise shaping (2003)

A 13-bit 80-kHz baseband analog-to-digital converter suitable for use in applications such as the ISDN U-interface is described. Two-stage third-order noise shaping permits the use of asampling frequency of only 2.56 MHz. The circuit has been implemented using conventional single-ended switched-capacitor techniques in a 1.5-mum CMOS process
Lack of aspartoacylase activity disrupts survival and differentiation of neural progenitors and oligodendrocytes in a mouse model of Canavan disease (2009)

Loss of the oligodendrocyte (OL)-specific enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA) from gene mutation results in the sponginess and loss of white matter (WM) in Canavan disease (CD). This study addresses the fate of OLs during the pathophysiology of CD in an adult ASPA knockout (KO) mouse strain. Massive arrays of neural stem/progenitor cells, immunopositive for PSA-NCAM, nestin, vimentin, and NG2, were observed within the severely affected spongy WM of the KO mouse brain. In these mice, G1-->S cell cycle progression was confirmed by an increase in cdk2-kinase activity, a reduction in mitotic inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1), and an increase in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Highly acetylated nuclear histones H2B and H3 were detected in adult KO mouse WM, suggesting the existence of noncompact chromatin as seen during early development. Costaining for BrdU- or Ki67-positive cells with markers for neural progenitors confirmed a continuous generation of OL lineage cells in KO WM. We observed a severe reduction in 21.5- and 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein and PLP/DM20 proteolipid proteins combined with a decrease in myelinated fibers and a perinuclear retention of myelin protein staining, indicating impairment in protein trafficking. Death of OLs, neurons, and astrocytes was identified in every region of the KO brain. Immature OLs constituted the largest population of dying cells, particularly in WM. We also report an early expression of full-length ASPA mRNA in normal mouse brain at embryonic day 12.5, when OL progenitors first appear during development. These findings support involvement of ASPA in CNS development and function.
Realistic camera noise modeling with application to improved HDR synthesis (2012)

Due to the ongoing miniaturization of digital camera sensors and the steady increase of the "number of megapixels", individual sensor elements of the camera become more sensitive to noise, even deteriorating the final image quality. To go around this problem, sophisticated processing algorithms in the devices, can help to maximally exploit the knowledge on the sensor characteristics (e.g., in terms of noise), and offer a better image reconstruction. Although a lot of research focuses on rather simplistic noise models, such as stationary additive white Gaussian noise, only limited attention has gone to more realistic digital camera noise models. In this article, we first present a digital camera noise model that takes several processing steps in the camera into account, such as sensor signal amplification, clipping, post-processing, ... We then apply this noise model to the reconstruction problem of high dynamic range (HDR) images from a small set of low dynamic range (LDR) exposures of a static scene. In literature, HDR reconstruction is mostly performed by computing a weighted average, in which the weights are directly related to the observer pixel intensities of the LDR image. In this work, we derive a Bayesian probabilistic formulation of a weighting function that is near-optimal in the MSE sense (or SNR sense) of the reconstructed HDR image, by assuming exponentially distributed irradiance values. We define the weighting function as the probability that the observed pixel intensity is approximately unbiased. The weighting function can be directly computed based on the noise model parameters, which gives rise to different symmetric and asymmetric shapes when electronic noise or photon noise is dominant. We also explain how to deal with the case that some of the noise model parameters are unknown and explain how the camera response function can be estimated using the presented noise model. Finally, experimental results are provided to support our findings.
Interface Characteristics of the Joints of Unidirectionally Solidified Superconducting YBCO Oxide and Silver. (1996)

Two joining methods were investigated to develop the low resistivity joint of silver and Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting oxide (YBCO) with the columnar crystal structure of 123 phase (YBa2Cu3O7-x), which was obtained by unidirectional solidification from liquid+211 (Y2BaCuO5) phases. One method was a solid state processing by the use of hot-press, in which no detectable interaction layer was formed. The interface resistivity (ρc) at 77K measured by the four-prove method decreased with the increase in joining temperature (T) or joining pressure (P), and the minimum value : ρc=2×10-12Ω·m2 was obtained when the joining conditions were P=32MPa, T=873K, t=3600s. The other method was a liquid state processing by using molten silver, in which remarkable interaction layer was formed. Since the reaction was caused by the decomposition of 123 phase to liquid+ 211, the interaction layer was recovered to 123 phase by slow cooling and solidification. This recovering treatment remarkably decreased pp, and the minimum pc value was as low as about 10-12Ω·m2 at 77K, which satisfied the stability criteria for composite conductors.
A technique for managing mirrored disks (2002)

Disk mirroring is a highly effective technique for improving the fault tolerance and performance of storage systems. Mirroring requires that those disks holding the current data must be determined when recovering from total system failure. In a two disk system, this is only a minor problem since the operator can indicate which disk is current. The complexity increases when more disks are introduced, and requiring human intervention is impractical when the target environment is the consumer market. In these situations, automatic recovery must be used when possible. We describe an efficient algorithm for managing the consistency of mirrored storage. Our algorithm requires only n+log n bits of state per disk and does not require logging or quorum collection.