gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Equalized Ultra-Wideband Channel-Select Filter with a Discrete-Time Charge-Domain Band-Pass IIR Filter (2007)

An ultra-wideband channel-select filter with equalized pass-band characteristics has been implemented with a 0.13 mum CMOS technology. A discrete-time charge-domain IIR band-pass filter is used to compensate degradation of the 3rd-order continuous-time LC-LPF and the sine response of the 1st-order charge-domain LPF, thus significantly equalizing the total filter response through clock signals. Measurements show that the IIR BPF reshapes the pass-band, allowing a 3-dB bandwidth of 500 MHz with a notch at 1 GHz. The total filter, including 3rd-order LC-LPF, 1st-order sine LPF, 1st-order IIR BPF, and clock generator, dissipates 18.8 mW from a 1.2-V supply voltage.
Synthesis of new bi(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl)-7-one derivatives from dehydroacetic acid and its analogues as antibacterial agents (2013)

Synthesis of some new bi(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl)-7-ones 3 was accomplished by the reaction of 3-and/or 4-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles 2 with 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (dehydroacetic acid, DHAA) 1a and its analogues 1b-c in refluxing ethanol. A tentative mechanism for the formation of 3 is proposed. These compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria i.e., Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 8509) and Bacillus stearothermophilus (MTCC 8505) and two Gram negative bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli (MTCC 119) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741) using agar well diffusion assay technique and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. One of the compound 3d displayed significant antibacterial activity.
Actual and predicted coverage of multiuser MIMO based fixed wireless access in rural areas (2012)

Coverage prediction is an important tool in designing fixed wireless broadband access networks in rural areas. Recently, the use of multiuser multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MU-MIMO-OFDM) was proposed to multiply the spectral efficiency of the fixed wireless broadband access in rural areas by the factor corresponding to the number of space division multiple access (SDMA) users. Due to the complex nature of adaptive beam-forming, inherent in the MU-MIMO, coverage prediction of a MU-MIMO system may be difficult. We propose a simple conversion method where a MU-MIMO system is replaced with a single-transmitter-single-receiver system thereby allowing the use of conventional coverage prediction tools, such as Recommendation ITU-R P. 1546 propagation model. Coverage prediction by the proposed method and actual six-user MU-MIMO-OFDM uplink performance, demonstrated in a rural area in Tasmania, Australia, at a UHF band, have been found to correspond to each other well.
Toxicity of, and histological lesions caused by, ribosome‐inactivating proteins, their IgG‐conjugates, and their homopolymers (1990)

The toxicity of, and the lesions brought about by, several ribosome‐inactivating proteins (bryodin, gelonin, momordin, pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds, saporin 6, trichokirin and momorcochin‐S), either native, or conjugated to bovine IgG, or polymerized, were studied in the mouse. Severe necrotic liver damage was the main lesion present in animals receiving lethal doses of the proteins. The toxicity of ribosome‐inactivating proteins increased after conjugation to IgG or homopolymerization. The toxicity of conjugates to mouse was not predictable from the inhibitory activity on cell‐free protein synthesis.
Uncertainty Analysis in Software Reliability Modeling by Bayesian Analysis with Maximum-Entropy Principle (2007)

In software reliability modeling, the parameters of the model are typically estimated from the test data of the corresponding component. However, the widely used point estimators are subject to random variations in the data, resulting in uncertainties in these estimated parameters. Ignoring the parameter uncertainty can result in grossly underestimating the uncertainty in the total system reliability. This paper attempts to study and quantify the uncertainties in the software reliability modeling of a single component with correlated parameters and in a large system with numerous components. Another characteristic challenge in software testing and reliability is the lack of available failure data from a single test, which often makes modeling difficult. This lack of data poses a bigger challenge in the uncertainty analysis of the software reliability modeling. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes utilizing experts' opinions and historical data from previous projects to complement the small number of observations to quantify the uncertainties. This is done by combining the maximum-entropy principle (MEP) into the Bayesian approach. This paper further considers the uncertainty analysis at the system level, which contains multiple components, each with its respective model/parameter/ uncertainty, by using a Monte Carlo approach. Some examples with different modeling approaches (NHPP, Markov, Graph theory) are illustrated to show the generality and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we illustrate how the proposed approach for considering the uncertainties in various components improves a large-scale system reliability model.
Generation of neurons by transient expression of neural bHLH proteins in mammalian cells (2000)

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are known to function during mammalian neurogenesis. Here we show that transient transfection of vectors expressing neuroD2, MASH1, ngn1 or related neural bHLH proteins, with their putative dimerization partner E12, can convert mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells into differentiated neurons. Transfected cells express numerous neuron-specific proteins, adopt a neuronal morphology and are electrically excitable. Thus, the expression of neural bHLH proteins is sufficient to confer a neuronal fate on uncommitted mammalian cells. Neuronal differentiation of transfected cells is preceded by elevated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) and cell cycle withdrawal. This demonstrates that the bHLH proteins can link neuronal differentiation to withdrawal from the cell cycle, possibly by activating the expression of p27(Kip1). The ability to generate mammalian neurons by transient expression of neural bHLH proteins should create new opportunities for studying neurogenesis and devising neural repair strategies.
A heuristic wavelength assignment algorithm for multihop WDM networks with wavelength routing and wavelength reuse (2002)

The authors present a heuristic algorithm for effectively assigning a limited number of wavelengths among the access stations of a multihop network wherein the physical medium consists of optical fiber segments which interconnect wavelength-selective optical switches. Such a physical medium permits the limited number of wavelengths to be re-used among the various fiber links, thereby offering very high aggregate capacity. Although the optical connectivity among the access station can be altered by changing the states of the various optical switches, the resulting optical connectivity pattern is constrained by the limitation imposed at the physical level. They also present and study two admission control schemes, used to admit or reject requests for virtual connections. The heuristic is tested on a realistic traffic model, and the call blocking performance of new requests for virtual connections is studied through extensive simulations and compared against the blocking performance of an ideal infinite capacity centralized switch (lowest possible call blocking caused exclusively by congestion on the finite capacity user input/output links, never by the switch fabric itself). Surprisingly, they find that, for a wide range of parameters, the blocking performance of the lightwave network is almost the same as that of the ideal centralized switch. From these results, they conclude that the heuristic algorithm is effective and the admission control scheme is efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacteriorhodopsin/TiO2 nanotube arrays hybrid system for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting (2011)

In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to improve the performance of photoactive nanostructured materials for water splitting applications. Herein, we report on the assembly and use of a bacteriorhodopsin (bR)/TiO2 nanotube array hybrid electrode system. Photoanode materials composed of ∼ 7μm long self-ordered and vertically oriented nanotube array of titanium dioxide films were fabricated via the anodization of Ti foil in formamide electrolytes containing NH4F at room temperature followed by sensitization of the electrodes with bR. The stability of bR on the TiO2 surface was found to depend on the pretreatment process of the TiO2 films. Our results demonstrate the opportunity to fabricate fairly stable bR/TiO2 hybrid electrodes that can be used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2), the hybrid electrodes achieved a photocurrent density of 0.65 mA/cm2 which is a ∼ 50% increase over that measured for pure TiO2 nanotubes (0.43 mA/cm2) fabricated and tested under the same conditions. In the presence of a redox electrolyte, the photocurrent increased to 0.87 mA/cm2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of bR/TiO2 hybrid electrodes in photoelectrochemical water oxidation cells. We believe the proton pumping property of bR can be used in a variety of applications, especially those related to third generation photovoltaic cells.
Deployment of Transchromosomal Bovine for Personalized Antimicrobial Therapy (2017)

For decades, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has provided safe and effective therapy for immunodeficient patients. This proof-of-principle study describes a novel approach to generate personalized IVIg for chronic, antibiotic-resistant infection in real time.
P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 cation-disordered electrode for high-rate symmetric rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (2015)

Most P2-type layered oxides exhibit Na(+)/vacancy-ordered superstructures because of strong Na(+)-Na(+) interaction in the alkali metal layer and charge ordering in the transition metal layer. These superstructures evidenced by voltage plateaus in the electrochemical curves limit the Na(+) ion transport kinetics and cycle performance in rechargeable batteries. Here we show that such Na(+)/vacancy ordering can be avoided by choosing the transition metal ions with similar ionic radii and different redox potentials, for example, Cr(3+) and Ti(4+). The designed P2-Na(0.6)[Cr(0.6)Ti(0.4)]O2 is completely Na(+)/vacancy-disordered at any sodium content and displays excellent rate capability and long cycle life. A symmetric sodium-ion battery using the same P2-Na(0.6)[Cr(0.6)Ti(0.4)]O2 electrode delivers 75% of the initial capacity at 12C rate. Our contribution demonstrates that the approach of preventing Na(+)/vacancy ordering by breaking charge ordering in the transition metal layer opens a simple way to design disordered electrode materials with high power density and long cycle life.
Transparent superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic coatings for self-cleaning and anti-fogging (2012)

The high transparent superhydrophobic surface covered with hollow spheres has been fabricated through a carbon template route. The as-prepared coating without treating with low surface energy materials showed superhdrophilic and anti-fogging properties while displayed superhydrophobic characteristics after surface modification. Furthermore, such superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic glasses both exhibited a relatively high transmittance, and it is also demonstrated that the thickness of coating affects the transmittance and wettability from a control experiment. For comparison, we studied the anti-fogging properties of the transparent superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, and the ordinary glass, showing absolutely different fogging characteristics.
Overexpression of Alpha2A-Adrenergic Receptors Contributes to Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

Several common genetic variations have been associated with type 2 diabetes, but the exact disease mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. Using congenic strains from the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat, we identified a 1.4-megabase genomic locus that was linked to impaired insulin granule docking at the plasma membrane and reduced beta cell exocytosis. In this locus, Adra2a, encoding the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor [alpha(2A)AR], was significantly overexpressed. Alpha(2A)AR mediates adrenergic suppression of insulin secretion. Pharmacological receptor antagonism, silencing of receptor expression, or blockade of downstream effectors rescued insulin secretion in congenic islets. Furthermore, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human ADRA2A gene for which risk allele carriers exhibited overexpression of alpha(2A)AR, reduced insulin secretion, and increased type 2 diabetes risk. Human pancreatic islets from risk allele carriers exhibited reduced granule docking and secreted less insulin in response to glucose; both effects were counteracted by pharmacological alpha(2A)AR antagonists.
Differential effect of three‐repeat and four‐repeat tau on mitochondrial axonal transport (2009)

Tau protein is present in six different splice forms in the human brain and interacts with microtubules via either 3 or 4 microtubule binding repeats. An increased ratio of 3 repeat to 4 repeat isoforms is associated with neurodegeneration in inherited forms of frontotemporal dementia. Tau over-expression diminishes axonal transport in several systems, but differential effects of 3 repeat and 4 repeat isoforms have not been studied. We examined the effects of tau on mitochondrial transport and found that both 3 repeat and 4 repeat tau change normal mitochondrial distribution within the cell body and reduce mitochondrial localization to axons; 4 repeat tau has a greater effect than 3 repeat tau. Further, we observed that the 3 repeat and 4 repeat tau cause different alterations in retrograde and anterograde transport dynamics with 3 repeat tau having a slightly stronger effect on axon transport dynamics. Our results indicate that tau-induced changes in axonal transport may be an underlying theme in neurodegenerative diseases associated with isoform specific changes in tau's interaction with microtubules.
Chemically-Deposited Thin Ferrite Films (1965)

Thin ferrite and garnet films have been prepared by chemically depositing stoichiometric ratios of alcoholic solutions of metal nitrates with divalent and trivalent cations onto ceramic substrates which were then subjected to a firing cycle to form the desired film composition. An experimental 35-Gc/s resonance isolator was made using single or multilayered nickel, zinc, and magnesium films as the nonreciprocal element. A reverse-to-forward loss ratio in excess of 100) to 1 with less than 1 dB insertion loss was attained. The use of these films was also found to have superior isolation properties over slabs cut from bulk materials when deposited onto the active rutile maser crystal in a millimeter travling-wave maser. Crystallographic and ferrimagnetic resonance parameters were also studied, and it was found that at least 90 percent of major phase structure was obtained for each film, and their ferrimagnetic linewidths, measured at X-band, ranged between 125 and 1000 oersteds.
Towards Efficient Authenticated Subgraph Query Service in Outsourced Graph Databases (2013)

Graphs are powerful tools suitable for a large variety of applications including chemical databases and the Semantic Web, among others. A fundamental query of graph databases is the subgraph query: given a query graph <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula> , it retrieves the data graphs from a database that contain <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula> . Due to the cost of managing massive data coupled with the computational hardness of subgraph query processing, outsourcing the processing to a third-party service provider is an appealing alternative. However, security properties such as data integrity and the response time are critical Quality of Service (QoS) issues in query services. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, authenticated subgraph query services have not been addressed before. To support the service, we propose Merkle <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\tt IFTree}$</tex></formula> <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$({\tt MIFTree})$</tex></formula> where Merkle hash trees are applied into our Intersection-aware Feature-subgraph Tree <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$({\tt IFTree})$</tex></formula> . <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\tt IFTree}$</tex></formula> aims to minimize I/O in a well-received subgraph query paradigm called the filtering-and-verification framework. The structures that need to be introduced to verification objects ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\cal VO}$</tex></formula> s) and the authentication time are both minimized. Subsequently, the overall response time is minimized. For optimizations, we propose an enhanced authentication method on <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\tt MIFTree}$</tex></formula> . Our detailed experiments on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\tt MIFTree}$</tex></formula> is clearly more efficient than a baseline method.
Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis I (2010)

Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase leading to accumulation of its catabolic substrates, dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS), in lysosomes. This results in progressive multiorgan dysfunction and death in early childhood. The recent success of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for MPS I highlights the need for biomarkers that reflect response to such therapy. To determine which biochemical markers are better, we determined serum and urine DS and HS levels by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in ERT-treated MPS I patients. The group included one Hurler, 11 Hurler/Scheie, and two Scheie patients. Seven patients were treated from week 1, whereas the other seven were treated from week 26. Serum and urine DS (DeltaDi-4S/6S) and HS (DeltaDiHS-0S, DeltaDiHS-NS) were measured at baseline, week 26, and week 72. Serum DeltaDi-4S/6S, DeltaDiHS-0S, and DeltaDiHS-NS levels decreased by 72%, 56%, and 56%, respectively, from baseline at week 72. Urinary glycosaminoglycan level decreased by 61.2%, whereas urine DeltaDi-4S/6S, DeltaDiHS-0S, and DeltaDiHS-NS decreased by 66.8%, 71.8%, and 71%, respectively. Regardless of age and clinical severity, all patients showed marked decrease of DS and HS in blood and urine samples. We also evaluated serum DS and HS from dried blood-spot samples of three MPS I newborn patients, showing marked elevation of DS and HS levels compared with those in control newborns. In conclusion, blood and urine levels of DS and HS provide an intrinsic monitoring and screening tool for MPS I patients.
<i>In vivo</i> anti‐tumor activity of arginine deiminase purified from <i>Mycoplasma arginini</i> (1992)

Arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.6) was purified to homogeneity from the cell extract of Mycoplasma arginini by molecular-sieve, anion-exchange and arginine-affinity chromatographies. The purified enzyme was composed of 2 identical sub-units with a molecular weight of 45.000 and had a pI of 4.7. Its Vmax value and Km value for L-arginine were estimated to be 50 units/mg protein and 0.2 mM, respectively. It exerted maximal enzyme activity at pH 6.0-7.5 and at 50 degrees C. The arginine deiminase was stable at neutral pH. When injected i.v. into mice, the half-life of the arginine deiminase in blood was about 4 hr. In culture, the enzyme strongly inhibited the growth of 6 kinds of mouse tumor cell lines by depleting L-arginine in the culture media. When the in vivo growth-inhibitory activity of arginine deiminase was tested for the 6 tumor cell lines, i.p. administration of the purified enzyme effectively prolonged the survival time of the mice injected with all kinds of the tumor cell lines. Especially, the in vivo growth of a hepatoma cell line, MH134, was completely prevented by the daily administration at a dose of 0.2 mg/mouse for 14 days. These results raise the possibility of the use of the arginine deiminase derived from Mycoplasma arginini as a new anti-tumor drug.
Deep Learning for Malignancy Risk Estimation of Pulmonary Nodules Detected at Low-Dose Screening CT (2021)

Background Accurate estimation of the malignancy risk of pulmonary nodules at chest CT is crucial for optimizing management in lung cancer screening. Purpose To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) algorithm for malignancy risk estimation of pulmonary nodules detected at screening CT. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, the DL algorithm was developed with 16 077 nodules (1249 malignant) collected -between 2002 and 2004 from the National Lung Screening Trial. External validation was performed in the following three -cohorts -collected between 2004 and 2010 from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial: a full cohort containing all 883 nodules (65 -malignant) and two cancer-enriched cohorts with size matching (175 nodules, 59 malignant) and without size matching (177 -nodules, 59 malignant) of benign nodules selected at random. Algorithm performance was measured by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with that of the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer (PanCan) model in the full cohort and a group of 11 clinicians composed of four thoracic radiologists, five radiology residents, and two pulmonologists in the cancer-enriched cohorts. Results The DL algorithm significantly outperformed the PanCan model in the full cohort (AUC, 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89, 0.96] vs 0.90 [95% CI: 0.86, 0.93]; <i>P</i> = .046). The algorithm performed comparably to thoracic radiologists in cancer-enriched cohorts with both random benign nodules (AUC, 0.96 [95% CI: 0.93, 0.99] vs 0.90 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.98]; <i>P</i> = .11) and size-matched benign nodules (AUC, 0.86 [95% CI: 0.80, 0.91] vs 0.82 [95% CI: 0.74, 0.89]; <i>P</i> = .26). Conclusion The deep learning algorithm showed excellent performance, comparable to thoracic radiologists, for malignancy risk estimation of pulmonary nodules detected at screening CT. This algorithm has the potential to provide reliable and reproducible malignancy risk scores for clinicians, which may help optimize management in lung cancer screening. © RSNA, 2021 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Tammemägi in this issue.
Dietary Fat–Induced Alterations in Atherosclerosis Are Abolished by ACAT2-Deficiency in ApoB100 Only, LDLr <sup>−/−</sup> Mice (2007)

The results indicate that in apoB100 only, LDLr-/- mice, ACAT2 plays an essential role in facilitating dietary fat type-specific atherosclerosis through its various effects on plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition.