gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Line-loss and size-reduction techniques for millimeter-wave rf front-end boards by using a polyimide/alumina-ceramic multilayer configuration (2002)

This paper proposes a concept for constructing low-loss and small-size millimeter-wave RF front-end boards by using a polyimide/alumina-ceramic multilayer configuration. This configuration enables us to design wide line-width low-loss microstrip lines. In addition, the board size can be reduced by compactly arranging all RF and DC lines in the intermediate layers of the polyimide/alumina-ceramic substrate. A prototype board designed for the quasi-millimeter-wave region was successfully demonstrated with good performance.
Application of auctions as a pricing mechanism for the interchange of electric power (1995)

The expected move to a market-based electric power industry will significantly change electric utility operations. These changes will fundamentally alter the pricing of electric power. How this pricing will be accomplished is a key issue. Traditionally, embedded cost based methods have been used. Spot-pricing has received attention as a possible approach in a market-based electric power environment. Another market-based approach is the use of auctions. This paper presents the application of a sequential sealed-bid and sealed-offer auction to the pricing of electric power by using linear programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CARMAN G. BLOUGH'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO ACCOUNTING: AN OVERVIEW (1982)

A focus on the years of Carman G. Blough's life in which he made significant contributions to the accounting profession.
Visualizing compiled executables for malware analysis (2009)

Reverse engineering compiled executables is a task with a steep learning curve. It is complicated by the task of translating assembly into a series of abstractions that represent the overall flow of a program. Most of the steps involve finding interesting areas of an executable and determining their overall functionality. This paper presents a method using dynamic analysis of program execution to visually represent the overall flow of a program. We use the Ether hypervisor framework to covertly monitor a program. The data is processed and presented for the reverse engineer. Using this method the amount of time needed to extract key features of an executable is greatly reduced, improving productivity. A preliminary user study indicates that the tool is useful for both new and experienced users.
Personalized handwriting recognition via biased regularization (2006)

We present a new approach to personalized handwriting recognition. The problem, also known as writer adaptation, consists of converting a generic (user-independent) recognizer into a personalized (user-dependent) one, which has an improved recognition rate for a particular user. The adaptation step usually involves user-specific samples, which leads to the fundamental question of how to fuse this new information with that captured by the generic recognizer. We propose adapting the recognizer by minimizing a regularized risk functional (a modified SVM) where the prior knowledge from the generic recognizer enters through a modified regularization term. The result is a simple personalization framework with very good practical properties. Experiments on a 100 class real-world data set show that the number of errors can be reduced by over 40% with as few as five user samples per character.
Sampling from spatial databases (2002)

Techniques for obtaining random point samples from spatial databases are described. Random points are sought from a continuous domain that satisfy a spatial predicate which is represented in the database as a collection of polygons. Several applications of spatial sampling are described. Sampling problems are characterized in terms of two key parameters: coverage (selectivity), and expected stabbing number (overlap). Two fundamental approaches to sampling with spatial predicates, depending on whether one samples first or evaluates the predicate first, are discussed. The approaches are described in the context of both quadtrees and R-trees, detailing the sample-first, A/R-tree, and partial area tree algorithms. A sequential algorithm, the one-pass spatial reservoir algorithm, is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HER‐2‐Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Results in Sensitization of Head and Neck Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents (2003)

Existing HER-2 targeted therapies for human head and neck cancers, usually administered in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or irradiation, include monoclonal antibodies to HER-2, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and HER-2 specific immunotoxins. Instead of targeting the existing protein, interference with HER-2 mRNA translation by antisense oligonucleotides may be a more efficient method to downregulate levels of HER-2 protein for combination therapy. To test this hypothesis we have used a phosphorothioate pentadecamer, complementary to the HER-2 mRNA initiation codon region (AS HER-2 ODN), to increase sensitivity to four chemotherapeutic agents in human head and neck cancer cell lines, all of which express low levels of the HER-2 protein. To improve delivery into tumor cells, the AS HER-2 ODN was complexed with our previously established folate-liposome delivery system. Cell survival assays and Western blot analysis data demonstrated that folate-liposome mediated AS HER-2 oligonucleotide treatment inhibited cell growth and HER-2 expression, and induced apoptosis in SCC-25CP cells. Moreover, there was a synergistic effect on the percent of apoptotic cells. Additionally, the combination of folate-liposome-AS HER-2 ODN and CDDP had a synergistic effect on the induction of apoptosis. Using confocal microscopy, FITC labeled ODN (FITC-ODN) in complex with folate-liganded, rhodamine (Rh) labeled, cationic liposomes was observed to enter SCC-25CP head and neck tumor cells within 3 to 6 h. Intracellularly, the FITC-ODN separated from the Rh-folate-liposomes, and FITC-ODN accumulated in the nucleus while Rh-liposomes remained in punctate cytoplasmic structures. Thus, folate-liposome-mediated delivery of AS HER-2 ODN has potential as a new means of increasing the responsiveness of head and neck cancer to conventional chemotherapy.
Adaptive nonlinear filters for simultaneous removal of different kinds of noise in images (1987)

A novel adaptive median filter is proposed. It allows the simultaneous removal of a combination of signal-dependent and additive random noise in addition to mixed impulse noise in images, processed in a single filtering pass. The adaptation algorithm is based on the local signal-to-noise ratio. An extension of the class of nonlinear mean filters to adaptive filters is considered. The performance of the adaptive median filter is compared to the commonly used median filter and the nonlinear mean filter.
Performance of image and video processing with general-purpose processors and media ISA extensions (1999)

This paper aims to provide a quantitative understanding of the performance of image and video processing applications on general-purpose processors, without and with media ISA extensions. We use detailed simulation of 12 benchmarks to study the effectiveness of current architectural features and identify future challenges for these workloads.Our results show that conventional techniques in current processors to enhance instruction-level parallelism (ILP) provide a factor of 2.3X to 4.2X performance improvement. The Sun VIS media ISA extensions provide an additional 1.1X to 4.2X performance improvement. The ILP features and media ISA extensions significantly reduce the CPU component of execution time, making 5 of the image processing benchmarks memory-bound.The memory behavior of our benchmarks is characterized by large working sets and streaming data accesses. Increasing the cache size has no impact on 8 of the benchmarks. The remaining benchmarks require relatively large cache sizes (dependent on the display sizes) to exploit data reuse, but derive less than 1.2X performance benefits with the larger caches. Software prefetching provides 1.4X to 2.5X performance improvement in the image processing benchmarks where memory is a significant problem. With the addition of software prefetching, all our benchmarks revert to being compute-bound.
Mechanical Properties of Infusion-Processed Fiber Reinforced Plastics with In Situ-Grown Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Fiber-reinforced plastic laminates containing aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin infusion processing, building on prior extensive work with a hand lay-up process. Three-dimensional reinforcement of the laminates is achieved using long (>10 �m) CNTs in both the interlaminar and intralaminar regions. Radially-aligned CNTs were grown in situ on the surface of alumina fibers in woven fabrics by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), creating a nanoscale, fiber (FF) hierarchical architecture. The multi-scale (nm andm diameter fibers) fiber dry forms are infused using an aerospace standard infusion resin with no modification to the processing or resin. Optical and scanning electron microscope images of composites cross sections confirmed ~0.1% void fraction, and that the CNTs retain alignment and remain on the surface of the fibers after the infusion process. Flexure tests of the fuzzy fiber composites show that in-plane properties (bending modulus and strength) are retained. Combined with prior work on such laminates, these results indicate that the aligned CNTs can provide significant interlaminar toughness enhancement without degrading in-plane laminate properties. This finding is in contrast to typical z-direction laminate reinforcement techniques such as stitching and z-pinning that substantially degrade in- plane properties to achieve interlaminar reinforcement. Additionally, electrical properties of the infusion-processed laminates reveal conductivity enhancement of greater than 10 6 times from the incorporation of ~1% volume fraction of CNTs. The processing demonstrated shows that infusion is a viable fabrication route for new CNT-enhanced composite materials containing aligned CNTs with improved mechanical and multifunctional performance.
TraK protein of conjugative plasmid RP4 forms a specialized nucleoprotein complex with the transfer origin. (1992)

Conjugative transfer of the self-transmissible IncP plasmid RP4 requires the product of the RP4 traK gene. By using the phage T7 expression system, the traK gene product was efficiently overproduced and purified to near homogeneity. traK encodes a basic protein (pI = 10.7) of 14.6 kDa that, as shown by DNA fragment retention assay, interacts exclusively with its cognate transfer origin. The apparent equilibrium constant K(app) for the complex of TraK and oriT-DNA was estimated to be 4 nM. Footprinting experiments using DNase I or hydroxyl radicals indicate that several TraK molecules interact specifically with an intrinsically bent region of oriT, covering a range of almost 200 base pairs. The TraK target sequence maps in the leading region adjacent to the relaxation nick site and recognition sequences involved in relaxosome formation but does not overlap them. Specific interactions between TraK and the DNA occur only on one side of the double helix. Electron microscopy of TraK-oriT complexes demonstrates that binding of TraK to its recognition region apparently shrinks the length of the target DNA, suggesting that the nucleic acid becomes wrapped around a core of TraK molecules. Formation of this structure could be favored by the presence of the sequence-directed bend in the TraK recognition region.
A Proposal for Word Sense Disambiguation using Conceptual Distance (1995)

This paper presents a method for the resolution of lexical ambiguity and its automatic evaluation over the Brown Corpus. The method relies on the use of the wide-coverage noun taxonomy of WordNet and the notion of conceptual distance among concepts, captured by a Conceptual Density formula developed for this purpose. This fully automatic method requires no hand coding of lexical entries, hand tagging of text nor any kind of training process. The results of the experiment have been automatically evaluated against SemCor, the sense-tagged version of the Brown Corpus.
In vivo assessment of dental plaque pH changes in children after ingestion of snack foods. (1999)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some snack foods on plaque pH in children. In vivo dental plaque pH changes after consumption of cola, diet cola, milk, sweet biscuits, milk chocolate, banana, cheddar cheese, potato chips, boiled potato, bread and positive control of 10 percent sucrose solution were measured by using MEPH 2 pH-microelectrode. Six males and four females, ages eight to twelve years (dft: 1.3 and DMFT: 0.4) participated in this study. The measurements of plaque pH were made on forty-eight-hour accumulated plaque, at baseline to determine the resting plaque pH of the fasted plaque and at time intervals of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The plaque pH curves, delta pH values and time spent below pH 6.00 for each test product were determined. The test products were ranked according to maximum pH drop (delta pH) in ascending order as follows: cheddar cheese < diet cola < milk < banana < potato < potato chips < biscuits < cola < bread < milk chocolate < 10 percent sucrose solution.
Recent Long-Term Morbidity Studies in Hagerstown, Md (1951)

Recent Long-Term Morbidity Studies in Hagerstown, Md Affiliation Philip S. Lawrence, and Clark Tibbitts CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.41.8_Pt_2.101 Published Online: October 03, 2011
Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons approach to piperlongumine analogues with potent anti-cancer activity (2016)

Natural products with anti-cancer activity play a vital role in lead and target discovery. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of the plant-derived alkaloid, piperlongumine and analogues. Using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons coupling approach, a selection of piperlongumine-like compounds were prepared in good overall yield from a novel phosphonoacetamide reagent. A number of the compounds displayed potent anti-cancer activity against colorectal (HCT 116) and ovarian (IGROV-1) carcinoma cell lines, via a mechanism of action which may involve ROS generation. Contrary to previous reports, no selective action in cancer cell (MRC-5) was observed for piperlongumine analogues.
LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE THIN FILMS FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATION AND SENSING OF MEMS RESONATORS (2005)

This research is focused on examining the potential benefits and limitations of applying sol-gel lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric thin films to on-chip piezoelectrically driven RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators in the low frequency (LF) to very high frequency (VHF) frequency range. MEMS fabrication methods are presented for fabricating PZT-based MEMS resonator structures along with investigations into the resultant thin film residual stresses and material properties, and their impact on resonator frequency, beam curvature, and resonant mode shape. The PZT, silicon dioxide (SiO2), platinum (Pt), and silicon nitride (Si3N4) thin film material properties are characterized and validated by wafer bow, cantilever resonance, cantilever thermal-induced tip deflection and finite element modeling (FEM) techniques. The performance of the fabricated PZT-based MEMS resonators are presented and compared to previously demonstrated zinc oxide (ZnO) based resonators as well as to electrostatically based MEMS resonator designs. Resonators with frequency response peaks of greater than 25 dB, quality factors up to 4700, and resonant frequencies up to 10 MHz are demonstrated along with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages for use as MEMS resonators. Nonlinear resonator response is also investigated in relation to the onset of classic Duffing behavior, beam buckling and mode coupling. Fabrication techniques, operating conditions, and design rules are presented to minimize or eliminate nonlinear resonator response.
Effective PEGylation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for High Performance In Vivo Cancer Imaging (2011)

Abstract A practical and effective strategy for synthesizing PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is established. In this strategy, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is combined with SPIONs via multiple coordination between the carboxylic groups of PAA and SPIONs, which introduces abundant carboxylic groups, then, α , ω ‐diamino PEG is linked to SPIONs via the amidation of the carboxylic groups. The synthesized PEGylated SPIONs exhibit no cytotoxicity and high resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro as well as low uptake by the liver and spleen in vivo, which makes the SPIONs highly efficient in tumor imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a relatively low dose of SPIONs. These outstanding properties are largely due to the significant shielding effect of the dense PEG coating as well as the net neutral surface of the PEGylated SPIONs in physiological conditions. In summary, the PEGylated SPIONs prepared by this strategy exhibit great application potential in tumor imaging as MRI contrast agents targeting through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
Novel interpenetrating networks with shape‐memory properties (2007)

Abstract Novel polyesterurethane/poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) interpenetrating networks (IPNs) with good shape‐memory properties were synthesized using solvent casting method. The star‐shaped oligo[( rac ‐lactide)‐ co ‐glycolide] was coupled with isophorone diisocyanate to form a polyesterurethane network (PULG), and PEGDMA was photopolymerized to form another polyetheracrylate network. IPNs were transparent and gel content exceeded 92%. The values of strain fixity rate and strain recovery rate were above 93%. PULG and PEGDMA networks in IPNs were amorphous and did not show any characteristic diffraction peaks in X‐ray diffraction spectra. Only one glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the IPNs between T g of PEGDMA and PULG was observed, which was proportional to PEGDMA content. PULG and PEGDMA networks were miscible when PEGDMA content was below 50 wt %. The hydrophilicity, transition temperatures, and mechanical properties of IPNs could be conveniently adjusted through variation of network compositions to match the promising potential clinical or medical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 768–775, 2007
Better Weight Loss, Resolution of Diabetes, and Quality of Life for Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass vs Banding (2011)

When performed in high-volume centers by expert surgeons, RYGB has a similar rate of overall complications and lower rate of reoperations than LB. With the benefit of greater weight loss, increased resolution of diabetes, and improved quality of life, RYGB, in these circumstances, has a better risk-benefit profile than LB.
A lane tracking system for intelligent vehicle applications (2002)

An image-based lane tracking system for use in intelligent vehicles is developed. For each frame, the algorithm develops estimates of the geometry and width of the current lane ahead of the vehicle and also the position and orientation of the vehicle with respect to the center-line of the lane. Basic image processing techniques are used to extract a candidate set of lane marker locations from the image. These are used to generate a pool of center-line candidates with properties dependent on the lane markers. A method of elimination based on dynamic programming is used to isolate a final set of center-line candidates that constitute the actual geometry of the road. The road geometry is modeled using a clothoid curve, which stipulates that the curvature of the road varies as a linear function of arc length. The clothoid center-line representation also aids in determining the offset of the vehicle from the center-line and the heading angle of the vehicle with respect to the road. Finally, a Kalman filter is applied to the estimated parameters to preserve smoothness and to predict lane parameters for the next image frame. A set of confidence measures for the estimated data is calculated for use by a higher level data fusion algorithm The system gives an estimate of parameters under normal traffic and driving conditions and runs in real-time on off-the-shelf hardware.
Changes in annexin (lipocortin) content in human amnion and chorion at parturition (1992)

Arachidonic acid is mobilized from fetal membrane phospholipids at parturition leading to increased production of oxytocic prostaglandins which may initiate or maintain myometrial contractions. Phospholipid mobilization requires activation of phospholipase A2 or C, both of which require calcium for activity. The annexins (lipocortins) are a superfamily of proteins which bind to calcium and phospholipids and thereby may alter phospholipase activity through two mechanisms: modulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations or regulation of the accessibility of phospholipids to hydrolyzing enzymes. Using Western immunoblotting with monospecific polyclonal antibodies, annexins I-VI were identified in human amnion and chorion/decidua at term in tissues obtained from patients in labor or not in labor. Each annexin was present in two distinct pools: a pool which only associated with the membrane in the presence of calcium (calcium-dependent pool) and a calcium-independent pool that remained membrane bound in the presence of calcium chelators. Annexin I was present as two species, resolving at 36 kDa and 68 kDa. The total concentration of annexin I in both amnion and chorion/decidua was significantly decreased with labor, while the total concentration of annexin V in chorion significantly increased with labor. The size of individual pools of annexins also changed with labor: the calcium-dependent pool of annexins I and II in both amnion and chorion significantly decreased; the calcium-dependent pool of annexin V increased in chorion; and calcium-independent pools of annexin I in amnion and annexins I, II, and V in chorion significantly decreased with labor. The decrease in total annexin I concentration with labor in amnion reflects a substantial decrease (80-90%) in the pool tightly bound to the membrane in a calcium-independent manner. This striking change distinguishes annexin I as a potential candidate inhibitor which is specifically downregulated at parturition, potentially leading to increased access of phospholipases to substrate phospholipids and increased prostaglandin production at labor.
Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. (2013)

To date, studies on the GI microbiome in children with ASD are limited in quantity and quality. There does, however, appear to be a 'signal' suggesting significant differences in the GI microbiome between ASD children and children without ASD, so there would be value in continuing this line of research. To improve validity and decrease the heterogeneity of findings, future studies should enlarge sample sizes, standardize methods and assess relevant confounding variables, such as the severity of GI symptoms and the use of medications, special diets and supplements.
Multistable electro‐optical modes in ferroelectric liquid crystals (2008)

Abstract— Multistable electro‐optical modes exist under certain conditions in ferroelectric liquid‐crystal (FLC) cells, which means that any light‐transmission level can be memorized after the driving voltage is switched off. The multistability is responsible for three new electro‐optical modes with different shapes of the gray‐scale curve that can be either S‐shaped (double or single dependent upon the applied‐voltage pulse sequence and boundary conditions) or V‐shaped dependent upon boundary conditions and FLC cell parameters. The origin of these modes will be described.