gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable and dual-band rectangular slot-ring antenna (2004)

Slot-ring antennas, also called coplanar waveguide patches, are an attractive alternative for their compact geometry, potential for polarization diversity, and capability to transmit and receive on both sides of the ground plane. In this work, a tunable and multi-band rectangular slot-ring antenna configuration is presented.
Trace Warping vs. Impedance Warping in 4D Seismic Inversion (2015)

Summary During hydrocarbon production variations in fluid saturation and pressure cause density and wave velocity changes, resulting in reflectivity amplitude and travel-time changes ( Calvert, 2005 ). Where multiple surveys have been acquired over a producing reservoir these changes manifest themselves as differences in the seismic response between surveys. 4D or time-lapse seismic inversion involves finding a model which explains these differences. Existing methods of 4D inversion correct for the time shift by warping the seismic traces in time and solving for small changes in impedance. Here we compare this approach with that of warping the impedance traces and solving for changes in impedance. We make these comparisons on synthetic and real data to highlight the importance of adhering to the physical forward model (1D convolution) and demonstrate that improved results are achieved by doing so. We show that an inversion which warps the trace produces artefacts in the estimated model, most prominent when the 3D and 4D signals are strong. An inversion which warps the impedance does not suffer the same problems.
A Systematic Approach To Decipher the Microstructure of Methyl Hydrosiloxane Copolymers and Its Impact on Their Reactivity Trends (2011)

A thorough comprehensive microstructure analysis of poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-hydromethylsiloxane) copolymers (PDMS-co-PHMS) was achieved using high resolution two-dimensional NMR (29Si/1H) techniques viz. heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) and total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) in conjunction with 1D 29Si and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A rigorous analysis of the splitting patterns along 29Si NMR axes of hydromethylsiloxane, [−OSi(H)Me−]/“DH” units and dimethylsiloxane, [−OSi(Me)2−]/“D”units in PDMS-co-PHMS revealed sensitivity of their chemical shifts to variation in copolymer composition. Interestingly, 1H NMR signals of hydromethylsiloxane, [−OSi(H)Me−] units showed an additional sensitivity to tacticity (meso, racemic) effects. With aid of 2D HMBC (29Si//1H) NMR spectra, we could resolve unambiguously the highly complex and overlapped −Si–CH3 region in 1H NMR spectrum into the respective compositionally and configurationally sensitive D/DH triads. Further, the reactivity trend of Si–H groups was studied by hydrosilylation reaction of these copolymers (PDMS-co-PHMS) with model molecules like α-methylstyrene and 1-octene. An intriguing trend toward preference for racemic (r) orientation of Si–H on PDMS-co-PHMS backbone during hydrosilylation reactions resulting in syndiotactically enriched products was observed. This observation signifies a crucial fact of possible scientific interest that the Si–H dyads with the racemic configurations were more available for complexation with Pt catalyst during hydrosilylation than the meso dyads. The authors attribute these not-so-obvious experimental observations to the role of conformation of the polymeric chains. The interpretation of these peculiar findings and the reactivity patterns observed has been documented in this article.
Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria—The State of the Art (1993)

Demand for susceptibility testing of anaerobes has increased, but no consensus on procedure and interpretation has been achieved. The need for reliable methods for testing anaerobic bacteria extends from small hospital laboratories to large research centers. Agar dilution testing is too costly and labor intensive for many clinical laboratories. Microbroth dilution is more convenient; however, some fastidious anaerobes do not grow well enough in this system, and the choice of antimicrobial agents may not reflect the hospital formulary. Disapproval of the broth disk elution system leaves fewer options open to clinical laboratories and emphasizes the need for more convenient and reliable techniques. Some newer methods are undergoing evaluation. Variables in susceptibility testing of anaerobes include the media and methods used, organisms chosen, breakpoints chosen, and endpoint determination. This latter variable is probably the most problematic since no endpoint based on interaction of organism and antimicrobial agent rather than on subjective observation has been defined. Also, clustering of MICs around the breakpoint may lead to significant variability in reported methods. A more accurate MIC measurement is needed. Adherence of laboratories to approved methods and careful reporting of methods and the interpretive breakpoints would facilitate interlaboratory comparisons and the identification of emerging resistance.
Empathize with your audience to share your story (2018)

Hosting the television show Scientific American Frontiers made it clear to Alan Alda that many scientists aren't very good at communicating. In an effort to address that problem, Alda launched the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University. He also wrote the book If I Understood You, Would I Have This Look on My Face? My Adventures in the Art and Science of Relating and Communicating .
Coexistence and access etiquette in the United States unlicensed PCS band (1994)

This article reviews the channel access rules that apply in the new unlicensed PCS band. The purpose of this article is to outline the channel access procedures and put them in the context of an operating system. This discussion provides a rationale for the rules and background scenario to aid understanding of the new rules. It should be noted, however, that the discussion in this article is provided for information only and is the viewpoint of the author. For details of compliance and further information and interpretation, readers are advised to consult the latest information from the FCC and the Part 15 rules themselves.
Molecular laser stabilization at low frequencies for the LISA mission (2010)

We have developed a 532 nm iodine stabilized laser system that may be suitable for the LISA mission (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) or other future spaceborne missions. This system is based on an externally frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser source and uses the molecular transfer spectroscopy technique for the frequency stabilization. This technique has been optimized for LISA: compactness (less than $1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$), vacuum compatibility, ease of use and initialization, minimization of the number of active components (acousto-optic modulators are both used for frequency shifting and phase modulating the pump beam). By locking on the ${a}_{10}$ hyperfine component of the R(56)32-0 transition, we find an Allan standard deviation ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ at 1 s and $\ensuremath{\sigma}<2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ for $20\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\le}{10}^{3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$. In terms of linear spectral density, this roughly corresponds to a stability better than $30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and 1 Hz with a stability decrease close to $1/f$ below 10 mHz.
Cold cathode gauges for ultrahigh vacuum measurements (1997)

Nine cold cathode gauges have been evaluated on ion-pumped ultrahigh vacuum systems operating at pressures down to the 10−11 Torr range. The test gauges included magnetrons, inverted magnetrons, and double inverted magnetrons from four different manufacturers as well as experimental variable-geometry gauges built especially for this project. Spinning-rotor and extractor gauges were used for calibration. The investigation covered repeated calibration over the 10−10 to 10−4 Torr range, stability over periods of up to 35 000 h of low pressure operation, tests for discontinuities in the current-pressure characteristics, stray magnetic field measurements, susceptibility to external magnetic fields, outgassing effects, and starting behavior at very low pressures. Our conclusion is that modern cold-cathode gauges are capable of giving far more accurate results than were possible with earlier Penning-type designs. Because of their extremely low outgassing rates, and their relative freedom from x-ray and electron stimulated desorption errors, they may in practice give results at low pressures which are more accurate than those obtained with typical hot-cathode gauges.
Approaches to Target the Genome and Its Epigenome in Cancer (2009)

The term epigenetic landscape was coined by CH Waddington to describe how cell fates were established in development, visualized as valleys and ridges directing the irreversibility of cell type differentiation. It is now clear that normal differentiation control breaks down during tumor development and that all tumor types show aberrant regulation of the epigenetic code, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs. This has led to much interest in the development of epigenetic cancer therapies to target this aberrant epigenetic regulation. Histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are now used in the treatment of certain hematological malignancies. However, their more general applicability to solid tumors may be limited by lack of specificity and delivery challenges. Approaches to overcome these limitations and how to develop more specific drugs are discussed. The use of RNAi in the context of genome regulation as well as the possibility to use polyamides and engineered zinc fingers to target master regulators in the future is examined. Ultimately, improved specificity of epigenetic therapies will require increased mapping of the aberrant epigenetic landscape in cancer and cancer-specific target validation using chemical epigenetic approaches.
258. Ionisation of the P–H bond. Deuterium-exchange studies with diethyl and ethyl hydrogen phosphonate (1962)

P. R. Hammond, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 1365 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620001365
Ultra-High Density VLSI Modules (1978)

A novel packaging approach is described for low-power digital VLSI (very large-scale integration) technologies, which provides low-capacity interconnections throughout and eliminates higher packaging levels. The approach is based on the use of hybrid circuits utilizing high-density interconnections on sapphire substractes with a Fotoceram (trademark-Corning Glass Company) backing. These sapphire/Fotoceram wafers are assembled in a single stack, and wafer-to-wafer interconnections are provided by a ring of elastomeric contacts. This assembly is mounted in a sealed container utilizing ebullient cooling. This design provides very high packaging densities, minimizes circuit delays, and is easily maintainable.
Right Hemispheric Laterality of Human 40 Hz Auditory Steady-state Responses (2005)

Hemispheric asymmetries during auditory sensory processing were examined using whole-head magnetoencephalographic recordings of auditory evoked responses to monaurally and binaurally presented amplitude-modulated sounds. Laterality indices were calculated for the transient onset responses (P1m and N1m), the transient gamma-band response, the sustained field (SF) and the 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). All response components showed laterality toward the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. In addition, the SF and ASSR showed right hemispheric (RH) dominance. Thus, laterality of sustained response components (SF and ASSR) was distinct from that of transient responses. ASSR and SF are sensitive to stimulus periodicity. Consequently, ASSR and SF likely reflect periodic stimulus attributes and might be relevant for pitch processing based on temporal stimulus regularities. In summary, the results of the present studies demonstrate that asymmetric organization in the cerebral auditory cortex is already established on the level of sensory processing.
Adipocyte Lipases and Defect of Lipolysis in Human Obesity (2005)

The mobilization of fat stored in adipose tissue is mediated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and the recently characterized adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), yet their relative importance in lipolysis is unknown. We show that a novel potent inhibitor of HSL does not inhibit other lipases. The compound counteracted catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in mouse adipocytes and had no effect on residual triglyceride hydrolysis and lipolysis in HSL-null mice. In human adipocytes, catecholamine- and natriuretic peptide-induced lipolysis were completely blunted by the HSL inhibitor. When fat cells were not stimulated, glycerol but not fatty acid release was inhibited. HSL and ATGL mRNA levels increased concomitantly during adipocyte differentiation. Abundance of the two transcripts in human adipose tissue was highly correlated in habitual dietary conditions and during a hypocaloric diet, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms for the two genes. Comparison of obese and nonobese subjects showed that obesity was associated with a decrease in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and HSL expression in mature fat cells and in differentiated preadipocytes. In conclusion, HSL is the major lipase for catecholamine- and natriuretic peptide-stimulated lipolysis, whereas ATGL mediates the hydrolysis of triglycerides during basal lipolysis. Decreased catecholamine-induced lipolysis and low HSL expression constitute a possibly primary defect in obesity.
Using coordination to restructure sequential source code into a concurrent program (2002)

A workable approach for modernization of existing software into parallel/distributed applications is through coarse-grain restructuring. If, for instance, entire subroutines of legacy code can be plugged into a new structure, the investment required for the rediscovery of the details of what they do can be spared. The resulting renovated software can then take advantage of the improved performance offered by modern parallel/distributed computing environments, without rethinking or rewriting the bulk of their existing code. The authors discuss one of their experiments using the coordination language MANIFOLD to restructure an existing sequential numerical application written in Fortran 77, into a concurrent application.
Impulsions (1941)

CURRENT LITERATURE: III. SYMBOLIC NEUROLOGY PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOANALYSIS, NEUROSES, PSYCHONEUROSES, PSYCHOSES: PDF Only
A neural controller for collision-free movement of general robot manipulators (1988)

An approach is presented for the collision-free control of general robot manipulators moving among a changing set of obstacles. The controller, based on a layered, neural network architecture, adapts to the specific eye/hand and arm/body kinematics of any arbitrarily shaped robot during an initial, unsupervised training phase. After training, the robot selects a target point by 'glancing' at it and the controller moves the end-effector into position. This approach, which combines neural and systolic computing principles, has several advantages over traditional algorithmic solutions and extends previous work on neural manipulator control. Results of a simulation are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Problems with the determination of elastic constants from higher-order surface waves: Results for Al on NaCl (1988)

Using Brillouin scattering we have studied the surfacelike generalized Lamb modes in Al films on NaCl. Using a theory in which the elastic constants (${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}$) of Al are taken from bulk values, reasonably good agreement is found for the positions of the peaks. However, we were unable to fit our experimental results to obtain the ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ independently, since different combinations of the ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ lead to similar spectra and dispersion curves. The changes in the spectra brought about by varying each one of the ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ are investigated theoretically, but in no case could the experimental linewidths be reproduced. The fact that the experimental linewidths are much narrower than the calculated ones is very hard to explain unless it is assumed that the Al films are not completely bonded to the substrate. Calculations on unsupported films support this explanation. Our results clearly show the difficulty in obtaining information on elastic constants from an analysis of generalized Lamb modes of a film on a substrate and illustrate some of the problems which can be encountered.
100% fluorescence efficiency of 4,4′-bis[(<i>N</i>-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl in a solid film and the very low amplified spontaneous emission threshold (2005)

We examined the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) characteristics of fluorescent styrylbenzene derivatives doped into a 4,4′-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) host. In particular, 4,4′-bis[(N-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSB-Cz) demonstrated an extremely low ASE threshold of Eth=0.32±0.05μJ∕cm2. We observed that the 6 wt %-BSB-Cz:CBP film has an ultimate photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency of ϕPL=100% and a short transient lifetime of τf=1.0±0.1ns, leading to a large radiative decay rate of kr=1×109s−1. We demonstrated that the extremely low ASE threshold originated from the large radiative decay rate of BSB-Cz.
Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils. (2000)

Although artifacts related to the presence of coils are evident on a considerable number of imaging studies, our findings indicate that MR angiography is useful in the evaluation of residual patency of cerebral aneurysms treated with GDCs and may eventually prove valuable in the follow-up of those cases in which a good initial correlation with DSA was demonstrated.
A Carboxylate Triad Is Essential for the Polymerase Activity ofEscherichia coli DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment) (2000)

The catalytic roles of two essential active-site aspartates at positions 705 and 882 of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I have been well established (Steitz, T. A. (1998) Nature 391, 231-232). We now demonstrate that the participation of at least one additional carboxylate, a glutamate at position 710 or 883, is obligatory for catalysis. This conclusion has been drawn from our investigation of the properties of single (E710D, E710A, E883D, and E883A) and double (E710D/E883D and E710A/E883A) substitutions of residues Glu(710) and Glu(883). While single substitutions of either of the glutamates resulted in some reduction in polymerase activity, the mutant enzyme with simultaneous substitution of both glutamates with alanine exhibited a nearly complete loss of activity. Interestingly, substitution with two aspartates in place of the glutamates resulted in an enzyme species that catalyzed DNA synthesis in a strictly distributive mode. Pyrophosphorolytic activity of the mutant enzymes reflected their polymerase activity profiles, with markedly reduced pyrophosphorolysis by the double mutant enzymes. Moreover, an evaluation of Mg(2+) and salt optima for all mutant enzymes of Glu(710) and Glu(883) revealed significant deviations from that for the wild type, implying a possible role of these glutamates in metal coordination as well as in maintaining the structural integrity of the active site.
Values of the Physical Constants of Rubber (1939)

Abstract A critical survey has been made of the values of 16 basic physical constants of rubber in the fields of mechanics, heat, optics and electricity. The value for each constant which seems most reliable has been indicated and, when necessary, has been corrected to the standard conditions of normal atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 25° C. The values have been given for rubber in four different forms: purified hydrocarbon, commercial raw rubber, soft vulcanized rubber containing 2% combined sulfur and hard rubber containing 32% sulfur. The survey indicates that there are significant gaps in present knowledge of the fundamental properties of rubber. In some cases data are lacking, while in many others the best values available are not of the accuracy required for present-day scientific and industrial work. This paper may therefore serve not only as a summary of selected values of the different constants, but also as a basis for the planning of future investigations.
Ionically Crosslinked Chitosan Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Antimicrobial Essential Oils and Metal Ions for Wound Management Applications (2016)

The emerging problems posed by antibiotic resistance complicate the treatment regime required for wound infections and are driving the need to develop more effective methods of wound management. There is growing interest in the use of alternative, broad spectrum, pre-antibiotic antimicrobial agents such as essential oils (e.g., tea tree oil, TTO) and metal ions (e.g., silver, Ag⁺). Both TTO and Ag⁺ have broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and act on multiple target sites, hence reducing the likelihood of developing resistance. Combining such agents with responsive, controlled release delivery systems such as hydrogels may enhance microbiocidal activity and promote wound healing. The advantages of using chitosan to formulate the hydrogels include its biocompatible, mucoadhesive and controlled release properties. In this study, hydrogels loaded with TTO and Ag⁺ exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans.</i> Combining TTO and Ag⁺ into the hydrogel further improved antimicrobial activity by lowering the effective concentrations required, respectively. This has obvious advantages for reducing the potential toxic effects on the healthy tissues surrounding the wound. These studies highlight the feasibility of delivering lower effective concentrations of antimicrobial agents such as TTO and Ag⁺ in ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels to treat common wound-infecting pathogens.
AGE RELATED CHANGES AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, OESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE-BINDING GLOBULIN IN NORMAL ADULT MALES (1973)

ABSTRACT Testosterone (T), oestradiol-17β (Oe 2 ) and binding capacity of the testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) were measured in plasma of 84 adult males (22–90 years). The medians for age group I (22– 61 years, n = 50) were: T 545 ng/100 ml, Oe 2 1.66 ng/100 ml, TeBG capacity 1.44 μg T/100 ml; the medians for age group II (67–90 years, n = 34) were: T 459 ng/100 ml, Oe 2 2.56 ng/100 ml, TeBG capacity 2.05 μg T/100 ml. The decrease of T and the increase of Oe 2 and TeBG capacity with age were significant. The significant correlation ( P < 0.01) for either age group between T and Oe 2 may be ascribed to a simultaneous secretion and/or a peripheral conversion of T to Oe 2 . The significant correlation ( P < 0.05) between T and TeBG for the old age group probably reflects the comparatively high percentage of total plasma T bound to TeBG. The biological meaning of the correlation between Oe2 and TeBG is discussed.