gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chain-Walking Olefin Polymerizations with Donor-Substituted Half-Sandwich Chromium Complexes: Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer Look-Alikes by Polymerization of Propylene (2008)

Six half-sandwich chromium complexes, in which the carbocyle is substituted by a nitrogen containing heterocycle as additional ligand were investigated regarding their polymerization behavior toward propylene. For each catalyst precursor, polymerization series in which the influence of the monomer concentration and of the polymerization temperature were analyzed, were conducted, using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst. Besides, several polymerizations with 1-butene were made, which brought further aspects into the interpretation of the for the polymerization of propylene complex NMR spectra. Because of the chain-walking tendency of all investigated systems, by sole polymerization of propylene, polymers are obtained, which have a structure which resembles those of ethylene/propylene copolymers with regioinverted propylene units. The ethylene share of the polymers with a value up to 30 mol % is astonishingly high. The different tendencies toward 2,1-insertions with succeeding chain-straightening of the chromium complexes and of each single catalyst by variation of the polymerization conditions is expressed in a broad range of the glass transition temperatures of the synthesized polymers, which vary between −14 and −38 °C.
成功开发Android设备致胜之道——从iPhone 4“天线门”所学到的一课 (2010)

苹果计算机（Apple）新一代iPhone正式上市后所引发的＂天线门（Antennagate）＂事件,导致大量客户诉怨宛如山洪爆发般猛然滚滚而出。此事件的整个过程不仅仅为所有消费性电子设备制造商带来了一堂临场感十足的震撼教育课,
The effect <i>in vivo</i> of chemotherapeutic drug—antibody conjugates in two murine experimental tumor systems (1978)

Abstract Conjugates of daunomycin covalently coupled, either directly or through a dextran bridge, to antibodies reacting selectively with tumor cells, were tested for their capacity to suppress tumor development in mice. The drug—antibody conjugates, or mixtures of drug and antibody, were compared either to the free drug or to the drug coupled to normal immunoglobulin for their effect on two tumor systems. In the first case, a plasma‐cytoma (PC5), both the drug and the tumor cells were administered by the same route, namely, intraperitoneally (IP). The drug bound to antibody had no advantage over the free drug, but was better than the drug bound to normal immunoglobulin. The best results were obtained in this system when daunomycin was given in a mixture with the anti‐tumor antibody. In the second system, a lymphoma (Yac), the treatment and the tumor were administered by different routes—while the tumor was transplanted IP, the treatment was given intravenously (IV). The extent of conjugation was greatly increased in this system by introducing a dextran bridge between the drug and the antibody. In the Yac system, the anti‐tumor antibodies were purified for some of the in vivo experiments. At high doses, the daunomycin—dextran—anti‐Yac antibody conjugate was superior to the free drug but no better than daunomycin bound to dextran alone or through dextran to normal immunoglobulin. At low doses, an advantage for the binding to specific tumor antibody rather than to normal immunoglobulin was observed. On the basis of these data we believe that further improvement in the conjugation techniques, and the development of antibodies with better specificity towards the tumor cells, could lead towards successful use of antibody carriers in chemotherapy.
Attenuated Salmonella enterica Typhimurium reduces tumor burden in an autochthonous breast cancer model. (2015)

S. Typhimurium treatment reduces tumor burden and increases survival in an autochthonous breast cancer model.
Binding of human blood-coagulation Factors IXa and X to phospholipid membranes (1984)

A simple centrifugation technique has been developed to study the interaction of human coagulation Factors IXa and X with phospholipid membranes. In the presence of Ca2+, equimolar phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine membranes form tight complexes with Factor X (KD = 2.8 X 10(-8) M); the KD is independent of the phospholipid concentration. Binding sites are available for about 2 mmol of Factor X/mol of phospholipid. Factor IXa has a slightly higher affinity for the phospholipid membrane (KD = 1.2 X 10(-8)M), and competes with Factor X for binding. The experimentally observed competition between Factor X and Factor IXa is in agreement with a model that describes the binding of two distinct ligands to a single class of independent binding sites.
Airborne Optical System for Remote Sensing of Ocean Waves (2001)

A compact, turret-based optical system has been designed and constructed for passive imaging of ocean waves using a small aircraft. The purpose of the system is to collect time series of images, which are mapped to a common geodetic surface in order to extract the space–time characteristics of the waves. This is achieved by staring at a fixed geodetic location and by accurately measuring the imaging geometry. The system was designed to be compact and lightweight for future installation on an unmanned aerial vehicle and has been installed on a small, manned, single-engine aircraft for testing and experimentation. Initial tests have confirmed successful operation of the staring capability at moderate distances to a fixed target array on land and to the nearshore region with shoaling gravity waves. Images were mapped to a common reference frame on a geodetic surface at the mean ocean level, and a three-dimensional spectrum of the space–time data cube of the mapped image modulations exhibits the expected, well-resolved dispersion surface for surface gravity waves. This paper describes the data collection system, the processing procedures, and the preliminary results.
RNA splicing and genes. (1988)

The splicing of long transcripts of RNA (copied from DNA in the cell nucleus) into smaller, specific mRNA (ready for export to the protein-producing machinery in the cytoplasm) is an important event in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The splicing reaction occurs as a late step in the nuclear pathway for synthesis of mRNAs. This pathway commences with initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and probably involves an integrated series of steps each dependent on previous events. Splicing of precursors to mRNAs involves the formation of a spliceosome complex containing the 5' and 3' splice sites. This complex contains the evolutionarily highly conserved small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) U2, U4, U5, and U6. The most abundant snRNA, U1, is required to form the spliceosome and may be a part of the spliceosome. Analogues of these snRNAs have been identified in yeast. Assembly of the spliceosome probably involves the binding of a multi-snRNA complex containing U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs. Several observations suggest that the association of snRNAs in such complexes is quite dynamic. It is argued that the snRNAs in the spliceosome form a catalytic RNA structure that is responsible for the cleavage and ligation steps during splicing.
Functional Adaptation of BabA, the <i>H. pylori</i> ABO Blood Group Antigen Binding Adhesin (2004)

Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O–dominant human populations.
Duration modeling results for an on-line handwriting recognizer (2002)

This paper describes a series of experiments that have been conducted to investigate the effect of duration modeling in a hidden Markov model (HMM) based online handwriting recognition system. The issues discussed include parametric vs. non-parametric distributions to model duration, different methods for training transition probabilities and the effect of weighting on duration terms.
SketchNet: Sketch Classification with Web Images (2016)

In this study, we present a weakly supervised approach that discovers the discriminative structures of sketch images, given pairs of sketch images and web images. In contrast to traditional approaches that use global appearance features or relay on keypoint features, our aim is to automatically learn the shared latent structures that exist between sketch images and real images, even when there are significant appearance differences across its relevant real images. To accomplish this, we propose a deep convolutional neural network, named SketchNet. We firstly develop a triplet composed of sketch, positive and negative real image as the input of our neural network. To discover the coherent visual structures between the sketch and its positive pairs, we introduce the softmax as the loss function. Then a ranking mechanism is introduced to make the positive pairs obtain a higher score comparing over negative ones to achieve robust representation. Finally, we formalize above-mentioned constrains into the unified objective function, and create an ensemble feature representation to describe the sketch images. Experiments on the TUBerlin sketch benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and show that deep feature representation brings substantial improvements over other state-of-the-art methods on sketch classification.
The generalizability of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (2007)

Aggressive and hostile behaviours and anger constitute an important problem across cultures. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), a self-rating scale was published in 1992, and has quickly become the gold-standard for the measurement of aggression. The AQ scale has been validated extensively, but the validation focused on various narrowly selected populations, typically, on samples of college students. Individuals, however, who are at risk of displaying aggressive and hostile behaviours may come from a more general population. Therefore, it is important to investigate the scale's properties in such a population. The objective of this study was to examine the factorial structure and the psychometric properties of the AQ scale in a nationally representative sample of the Hungarian adult population.A representative sample of 1200 subjects was selected by a two-step procedure. The dimensionality and factorial composition of the AQ scale was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Since spurious associations and increased factorial complexity can occur when the analysis fails to consider the inherently categorical nature of the item level data, this study, in contrast to most previous studies, estimated the correlation matrices subjected to factor analysis using the polychoric correlations. The resulting factors were validated via sociodemographic characteristics and psychopathological scales obtained from the respondents. The results showed that based on the distribution of factor loadings and factor correlations, in the entire nationally representative sample of 1200 adult subjects, from the original factor structure three of the four factors (Physical and Verbal Aggression and Hostility) showed a good replication whereas the fourth factor (Anger) replicated moderately well. Replication further improved when the sample was restricted in age, i.e. the analysis focused on a sample representing the younger age group, comparable to that used in the original Buss-Perry study. Similar to the Buss-Perry study, and other investigations of the AQ scale, younger age and male gender were robustly related to physical aggression. In addition, level of verbal aggression was different between the two genders (with higher severity in males) whereas hostility and anger were essentially the same in both genders.In conclusion, the current study based on a representative sample of adult population lends support to the use of the AQ scale in the general population. The authors suggest to exclude from the AQ the two inverse items because of the low reliability of these items with regard to their hypothesized constructs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrazolines via Mild, Photoactivated 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stroke in the Diabetic Patient (1994)

A higher prevalence of stroke is found in the patient with both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and glucose intolerance. Because of local cerebral acidosis caused by ischemia and hyperglycemia, morbidity and mortality from a stroke are increased. Most studies show that individuals with admission serum glucose > 120 mg/dl (6.7 mM) have a higher morbidity and mortality from a stroke. The prevalence of cerebral infarcts, especially lacunar infarcts, is increased and the prevalence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attacks are decreased in the diabetic patient. Age, race, hypertension, and the presence of diabetic nephropathy and coronary and peripheral vascular disease are risk factors for stroke in the diabetic patient, whereas obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and glycemic control are not. Investigation and treatment of the diabetic patient with a stroke is discussed.
High temperature superconducting Josephson junctions in a stacked bicrystal geometry (1997)

Bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions were fabricated in a stack of two layers of YBa2Cu3Ox separated by epitaxial SrTiO3. Weak link behavior was observed in the bridges formed in both layers that had similar shunted-junction characteristics but significantly different critical currents. Characteristic voltages up to 1.9 mV were measured at 4.5 K. The resonant structure was seen in the current–voltage characteristics of the upper-layer junctions, and interactions between junctions in the two layers were evident.
Assessment of Commercial Laboratories Performing Hair Mineral Analysis (2001)

Hair mineral analysis from these laboratories was unreliable, and we recommend that health care practitioners refrain from using such analyses to assess individual nutritional status or suspected environmental exposures. Problems with the regulation and certification of these laboratories also should be addressed.
Solid-state HV dc transmission technology (1966)

Studies have been made during the past few years to determine the feasibility of employing thyristors in high-voltage dc converter terminals. Overall objectives have also included the integration of solid-state circuitry in order to take advantage of the fast response times associated with thyristors. Because of their advantages over mercury valves, from the point of view of economy as well as performance, a bright future is seen for these solid-state devices in the dc power field.
Analysis of factors associated with complications following renal transplant needle core biopsy (1994)

This study demonstrates that even with careful ultrasound guidance, renal transplant biopsy has an important complication rate. Every effort must be made to obtain very superficial biopsies which consist largely or exclusively of renal cortex.
Infant perseveration and implications for object permanence theories: A PDP model of the AB task (1998)

From the earliest ages at which infants search for hidden objects, they make the A B error, searching perseveratively at previous rather than current hiding locations (Piaget, 1954). This paper presents a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model that instantiates an explicit set of processing mechanisms to account for a large and diverse set of data on infants’ A B errors. The model demonstrates how basic processes–the formation of latent memory traces and their interaction with developing active memory traces–can provide a unifying framework for understanding why and when infants perseverate. Novel predictions from the model are discussed, together with its challenges for theories that posit a concept of object permanence in the first year of life.
Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities (2017)

Halogen chemistry plays a central role in the industrial manufacture of various important chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. It involves the reaction of halogens or halides with hydrocarbons, leading to intermediate compounds which are readily converted to valuable commodities. These transformations, predominantly mediated by heterogeneous catalysts, have long been successfully applied in the production of polymers. Recent discoveries of abundant conventional and unconventional natural gas reserves have revitalized strong interest in these processes as the most cost-effective gas-to-liquid technologies. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamental understanding and applied relevance of halogen chemistry in polymer industries (polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates) and in the activation of light hydrocarbons. The reactions of particular interest include halogenation and oxyhalogenation of alkanes and alkenes, dehydrogenation of alkanes, conversion of alkyl halides, and oxidation of hydrogen halides, with emphasis on the catalyst, reactor, and process design. Perspectives on the challenges and directions for future development in this exciting field are provided.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes bovine oocyte cytoplasmic competence for embryo development (2005)

The ability of an oocyte to support early embryonic development requires both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. We have investigated the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on maturation of the bovine oocyte and embryo development after parthenogenetic activation. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, cumulus and oocytes were shown to express mRNA and protein for BDNF and the p75 common neurotrophin receptor. However, mRNA for the BDNF-specific full length and truncated isoforms of the TrkB receptor are only detected in cumulus, suggesting that oocytes and cumulus differ in their capacity to respond to neurotrophin signalling. In in vitro maturation experiments, the proportion of cumulus oocyte complexes maturing to metaphase II was not altered by BDNF in groups lacking fetal calf serum (FCS), but was significantly lower than the positive control containing 10% FCS (P < 0.01). However, after maturation, the proportion of parthenogenetically activated oocytes forming blastocysts was highest for 10 ng/ml BDNF (24%, n = 95) followed by 100 ng/ml BDNF (18%, n = 91) and 10% FCS (15%, n = 103), which in turn were greater than no serum (10%, n = 83; P < 0.01). Maturation in the presence of a BDNF blocking antibody resulted in a blastocyst yield that was comparable to the absence of serum, and lower than in the presence of BDNF (P < 0.01). Similar effects on progression to metaphase II and blastocyst formation were observed using oocytes matured without cumulus. Together, these results provide the first evidence for a role for neurotrophins in promoting oocyte cytoplasmic competence to support embryonic development, despite being insufficient in the absence of serum to enhance nuclear maturation.
GaAs-GaAlAs phototransistor/laser light amplifier (1980)

A hybrid light amplifier consisting of a GaAs-GaAlAs widegap phototransistor as light detector and a d.h. laser as light emitter has been realised. Amplification up to 25 dB has been achieved. Fastest turn-on and turn-off times were 16 ns and 24 ns, respectively. A monolithically integrated amplifier structure is proposed.
Random Access Optical Scanning Using a MEMS Phased Array (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. S. Hamann, R. Itoh, L. Eng, J. Hunter, A. Payne, and O. Solgaard, "Random Access Optical Scanning Using a MEMS Phased Array," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper SW4L.3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A hybrid genetic algorithm for the weight setting problem in OSPF/IS‐IS routing (2005)

Abstract Intradomain traffic engineering aims to make more efficient use of network resources within an autonomous system. Interior Gateway Protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and IS‐IS (Intermediate System‐Intermediate System) are commonly used to select the paths along which traffic is routed within an autonomous system. These routing protocols direct traffic based on link weights assigned by the network operator. Each router in the autonomous system computes shortest paths and creates destination tables used to direct each packet to the next router on the path to its final destination. Given a set of traffic demands between origin‐destination pairs, the OSPF weight setting problem consists of determining weights to be assigned to the links so as to optimize a cost function, typically associated with a network congestion measure. In this article, we propose a genetic algorithm with a local improvement procedure for the OSPF weight‐setting problem. The local improvement procedure makes use of an efficient dynamic shortest path algorithm to recompute shortest paths after the modification of link weights. We test the algorithm on a set of real and synthetic test problems, and show that it produces near‐optimal solutions. We compare the hybrid algorithm with other algorithms for this problem illustrating its efficiency and robustness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 46(1), 36–56 2005
Reconstitution of Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Regulated Membrane Fusion by Synaptotagmin and SNAREs (2004)

We investigated the effect of synaptotagmin I on membrane fusion mediated by neuronal SNARE proteins, SNAP-25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin, which were reconstituted into vesicles. In the presence of Ca2+, the cytoplasmic domain of synaptotagmin I (syt) strongly stimulated membrane fusion when synaptobrevin densities were similar to those found in native synaptic vesicles. The Ca2+ dependence of syt-stimulated fusion was modulated by changes in lipid composition of the vesicles and by a truncation that mimics cleavage of SNAP-25 by botulinum neurotoxin A. Stimulation of fusion was abolished by disrupting the Ca2+-binding activity, or by severing the tandem C2 domains, of syt. Thus, syt and SNAREs are likely to represent the minimal protein complement for Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.