gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block-Copolymer-Templated Ordered Mesoporous Silica:  Array of Uniform Mesopores or Mesopore−Micropore Network? (2000)

Microporosity and connectivity of ordered mesopores of SBA-15 silica were studied using nitrogen adsorption and novel methods based on selective pore blocking via organosilane modification, and on the imaging of inverse platinum replica of ordered mesoporous structure. It was found that SBA-15 exhibits a relation between the pore size, pore volume and specific surface area which is significantly different from that for cylindrical or hexagonal pores, which suggests that the SBA-15 structure is more complex than an array of hexagonally ordered channels, even if they are corrugated. Nitrogen and argon adsorption measurements provided evidence that large mesopores are accompanied by a certain amount of significantly smaller pores (of the size below about 3.4 nm) with a broad distribution primarily in the micropore/small-mesopore range. The modification of SBA-15 via chemical bonding of small trimethylsilyl ligands partially blocked the complementary pores, and the bonding of larger octyldimethylsilyl groups made them essentially fully inaccessible to nitrogen molecules, which manifested itself in dramatic changes in the relation between the pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area. After dissolution of the SBA-15 framework, platinum wires grown inside the porous structure formed bundles, as seen from transmission electron microscopy. These results provided strong and unambiguous evidence that large ordered mesopores of SBA-15 are accompanied by much smaller disordered pores and that an appreciable fraction of the latter is located in the pore walls, providing connectivity between the ordered large-pore channels. The complementary pores are suggested to form as a result of penetration of poly(ethylene oxide) chains of the triblock copolymer template within the silica framework of as-synthesized SBA-15. We also studied thermal stability of SBA-15 structure and its complementary porosity. As inferred from nitrogen adsorption data, the complementary porosity was retained to a significant extent even after calcination at 1173 K, but most likely completely disappeared at 1273 K. The heat treatment was accompanied not only by a significant decrease in the specific surface area and pore volume but also by narrowing the pore size distribution at temperatures up to 1173 K. Thus, we were able to demonstrate for the first time that the SBA-15 sample with nitrogen adsorption properties similar to those of MCM-41 can be obtained via calcination at 1273 K, although the pore volume and specific surface area of such SBA-15 material is relatively low.
Robust Non-rigid Motion Tracking and Surface Reconstruction Using L0 Regularization (2015)

We present a new motion tracking method to robustly reconstruct non-rigid geometries and motions from single view depth inputs captured by a consumer depth sensor. The idea comes from the observation of the existence of intrinsic articulated subspace in most of non-rigid motions. To take advantage of this characteristic, we propose a novel L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> based motion regularizer with an iterative optimization solver that can implicitly constrain local deformation only on joints with articulated motions, leading to reduced solution space and physical plausible deformations. The L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> strategy is integrated into the available non-rigid motion tracking pipeline, forming the proposed L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> non-rigid motion tracking method that can adaptively stop the tracking error propagation. Extensive experiments over complex human body motions with occlusions, face and hand motions demonstrate that our approach substantially improves tracking robustness and surface reconstruction accuracy.
Modeling power semiconductor losses in HEV powertrains using Si and SiC devices (2010)

Silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor devices are known to have potential benefits over conventional silicon (Si) devices, particularly in high power applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Recent literature studying the use of SiC JFETs in HEV inverters indicate a substantially increased gas mileage. This paper further investigates this change in inverter efficiency due to the adoption of SiC using analytical loss models and empirical loss data obtained from experimental Cree 1200V 10A DMOSFETs and Schottky diodes. A motor inverter efficiency map is developed and used in the VEHLIB simulator to evaluate fuel consumption benefits. Distribution of conduction and switching losses in both Si and SiC inverters is explored.
Cross‐linking of poly(methyl methacrylate) by aminolysis of ester functions with diamines (1995)

Abstract The cross‐linking of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macromolecules by primary aliphatic diamines was carried out at 413–473 K, above the polymer glass transition temperature. The spherical grains of the suspension‐prepared polymer (0.25–0.8 mm) and the molar ratio to amine above 20 were used. The reaction is characterized by an induction period before the macroscopic gel was observed and by fast network formation. Both phenomena are temperature‐dependent (87± 2 kJ mol −1 ). The rate of gelation is dependent also on the type of diamine; the shorter induction period of gelation and the higher rate of cross‐linking were observed when amino groups were separated with longer alkyl chains. From the kinetics of amine uptake with PMMA, however, it can be concluded that gel formation is influenced also by the reactivity of amine in the transamination reaction and by the amount of bounded diamine. Aminolysis of PMMA ester groups proceeds from the very beginning of heating of the reaction charge. The polymer cross‐linking prevails when there is more than 60% of diamine attached to PMMA in dependence on the amine type used. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of coal fly ash properties of importance to sulfur dioxide reactivity potential (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of coal fly ash properties of importance to sulfur dioxide reactivity potentialGregory D. Reed, Wayne T. Davis, and Randal E. PudelekCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 7, 548–552Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00125a013https://doi.org/10.1021/es00125a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal γ-Ray Dose and Irradiation Conditions for Producing Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan that Retains its Chemical Structure (2004)

This study focuses on the optimal conditions for gamma irradiation to reduce the molecular weight of chitosan but still retain its chemical structure. Chitosan was irradiated under various conditions, i.e. flake solid state (condition 1), flake dispersed in water (condition 2), flake dispersed in 0.05, 0.1, 1 and 2% aqueous K(2)S(2)O(8) solution (conditions 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, respectively), flake dispersed in 0.5, 1 and 2% aqueous H(2)O(2) solution (conditions 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively), and chitosan acetic acid solution (condition 5). Comparative studies were done using three types of chitosans with molecular weights of the order of 10(5) Da with degrees of deacetylation of 0.80, 0.85 and 0.90%. For all conditions, after irradiation, there were two regions of molecular weight reduction. A severe degradation occurred in the first region with decreases in the molecular weight of 80% for radiation doses up to 50 kGy for conditions 1, 2 and 3 (3a-3c) and 20 kGy for condition 4. In the second region, a slow degradation occurred, which resembled a plateau stage. The results for conditions 3d and 5 were the most dramatic, since the primary structure of chitosan was changed after the irradiation. The degradation of chitosan by gamma rays was found to be most effective for the amorphous structure. The retention of the structure of chitosan after gamma irradiation makes it possible to produce a low-molecular-weight chitosan that retains its functionality, as demonstrated by its activity in the coupling reaction with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole.
An Efficient Flicker-Free FEC Coding Scheme for Dimmable Visible Light Communication Based on Polar Codes (2017)

Visible light communication (VLC) can provide short-range optical wireless communication, together with illumination using light-emitting diode (LED) lightings. Since conventional forward error correction (FEC) codes cannot provide two lighting related features, dimming support, and flicker mitigation, the existing coding schemes for reliable VLC usually rely on auxiliary coding techniques, which cause a complicated structure and a low transmission efficiency. In this paper, based on polar codes, an efficient and flicker-free FEC coding scheme for dimmable VLC is proposed to increase the transmission efficiency and simplify the coding structure. Taking advantage of polar codes' recursive encoding structure, the proposed scheme can guarantee the equal probability and the short runs of 1 s and 0 s for arbitrary code rate without extra coding components. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can have twice higher transmission efficiency than the existing schemes. Furthermore, at a dimming ratio of 25% or 75%, the coding gain of the proposed scheme is about 4.6 dB and 1.4 dB higher than that of the Reed-Solomon (RS) codes based scheme and the low-density parity check code based scheme, respectively.
Broadcast with mask on a massively parallel processing on a chip (2012)

The delay of instructions broadcast has a significant impact on the performance of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architecture. This is especially true for massively parallel processing Systems-on-Chip (mppSoC), where the processing stage and that of setting up the communication mechanism need several clock periods. Subnetting is the strategy used to partition a single physical network into more than one smaller logical sub-networks (subnets). This technique better controls the broadcast instructions domain and the data traffic between network nodes. Furthermore, it allows to separate synchronous communications from asynchronous processing which maintains reliable communications and rapid processing through parallel processors. This paper describes the design of a communication model called broadcast with mask. This model is dedicated to mppSoC architecture with a huge number of processor elements because it maintains performances even when the number of processors increases. Simulation results and an FPGA implementation validate our approach.
Compatibility of 316LN Stailess Steel With Flowing Pb-Bi (2008)

1 Introduction Pb-Bi is considered a candidate coolant for the subcritical reactor and target of ADS, due to their extremely favourable thermal exchange behaviour, coupled with a relatively low chemical reactivity when
Melanocyte-specific gene expression: role of repression and identification of a melanocyte-specific factor, MSF. (1994)

For a gene to be transcribed in a tissue-specific fashion, expression must be achieved in the appropriate cell type and also be prevented in other tissues. As an approach to understanding the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression, we have analyzed the requirements for melanocyte-specific expression of the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) promoter. Positive regulation of TRP-1 expression is mediated by both an octamer-binding motif and an 11-bp element, termed the M box, which is conserved between the TRP-1 and other melanocyte-specific promoters. We show here that, consistent with its ability to activate transcription in a non-tissue-specific fashion, the M box binds the basic-helix-loop-helix factor USF in vitro. With the use of a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and chimeric promoter constructs, additional elements involved in regulating TRP-1 expression were identified. These include the TATA region, which appears to contribute to the melanocyte specificity of the TRP-1 promoter. Mutational analysis also identified two repressor elements, one at the start site, the other located at -240, which function both in melanoma and nonmelanoma cells. In addition, a melanocyte-specific factor, MSF, binds to sites which overlap both repressor elements, with substitution mutations demonstrating that binding by MSF is not required for repression. Although a functional role for MSF has not been unequivocally determined, the location of its binding sites leads us to speculate that it may act as a melanocyte-specific antirepressor during transcription of the endogenous TRP-1 gene.
Kinematic Analysis and Measurement of Sports Form (2002)

This paper is aimed at describing how to measure the sports form. The measurements can be used for the quantitative sports skill evaluation for example. Here we focus our discussion on the golf driver swing form which is most difficult to measure and is one of the difficult sport forms to skill up.The presented measurement derived by the kinematic human body model analysis and the system developed by using the three dimensional rate gyro sensors set at the several body positins can catch the three dimensional rotation motions and the three dimensional translational motions of various parts of body. The system can measure the golf driver swing forms by various golfers correctly. Form the data caught by the measurement system, some skill criteria linguistically written in the internationally famous golf lesson text books are quantitatively expressed. The quantitative data for the criteria by a novice golf player and a middle class player show the reasonable and appropriate results.
Prostaglandins inhibit endogenous pain control mechanisms by blocking transmission at spinal noradrenergic synapses (1988)

Spinal intrathecal injections of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesics (NSAIAs) indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, cause dose-dependent hypoalgesia in the rat. Intrathecal injections of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) produce dose-dependent hyperalgesia. To determine whether this action of prostaglandins on the central nervous system is mediated through pain-generating or analgesia pathways, we studied the effect of intrathecal PGE2 on endogenous opioid-induced analgesia. Intrathecal PGE2 antagonized the analgesia produced by both brain stimulation and intracerebroventricular morphine. In contrast, the NSAIAs synergized with brain stimulation and morphine-induced analgesia. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine and the catecholaminergic selective neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, used to block tonic catecholamine activity in endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia systems, prevented the hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal PGE2. Phentolamine did not, however, block the hyperalgesia caused by intradermal PGE2. These findings suggest that prostaglandins can block endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia systems by inhibiting the bulbospinal noradrenergic component of this analgesia pathway.
An algorithm for fast convergence in training neural networks (2002)

In this work, two modifications on Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for feedforward neural networks are studied. One modification is made on performance index, while the other one is on calculating gradient information. The modified algorithm gives a better convergence rate compared to the standard LM method and is less computationally intensive and requires less memory. The performance of the algorithm has been checked on several example problems.
Performance of a OFDM-CDMA system with orthogonal convolutional coding and interference cancellation (2002)

The performance of an OFDM-CDMA system with convolutional coding and interference cancellation is presented. The OFDM-CDMA receiver uses equal gain combining on the carriers before the received signal is passed to the interference canceller. Within the interference canceller, the interference estimates are improved by Viterbi decoding before being subtracted from the wanted signal. Both orthogonal and super orthogonal coding are considered and their performance is compared against a 3/4 rate K=7 punctured convolutional code. A comparison is made of the spectral efficiencies of the different schemes.
Comparison of Physician and Computer Diagnostic Accuracy (2016)

Across physicians, they were more likely to list the correct diagnosis first for high-acuity vignettes (vs low-acuity vignettes) and for uncommon vignettes (vs common vignettes). In contrast, symptom checkers were more likely to list the correct diagnosis first for low-acuity vignettes and common vignettes (Table
Active Electromagnetic Suspension System for Improved Vehicle Dynamics (2009)

This paper offers motivations for an electromagnetic active suspension system that provides both additional stability and maneuverability by performing active roll and pitch control during cornering and braking, as well as eliminating road irregularities, hence increasing both vehicle and passenger safety and drive comfort. Various technologies are compared with the proposed electromagnetic suspension system that uses a tubular permanent-magnet actuator (TPMA) with a passive spring. Based on on-road measurements and results from the literature, several specifications for the design of an electromagnetic suspension system are derived. The measured on-road movement of the passive suspension system is reproduced by electromagnetic actuation on a quarter car setup, proving the dynamic capabilities of an electromagnetic suspension system.
Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is Involved in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Signal Transduction (2001)

The mechanism of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced tumor promotion is still not well understood even though it is thought to be related to the protein kinase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase/AP-1 pathway. Recently, TPA was also found to induce epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity. Here, we investigated whether the EGFR is a necessary component for TPA-induced signal transduction associated with tumor promotion. We demonstrated that potent inhibitors of the EGFR, PD153035 and AG1478, blocked TPA-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), AP-1 activity, and cell transformation. Egfr gene deficiency blocked TPA-induced ERK activity and AP-1 binding activity. The blocking of the ectodomain of the EGFR by a monoclonal antibody depressed TPA-induced ERK activity and AP-1 DNA binding activity. The use of a neutralizing antibody for heparin-binding EGF, one of the ligands of EGFR, blocked TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERKs. BB-94, a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, which are activators of ectodomain shedding of EGFR ligands, also blocked TPA-induced ERK activity, AP-1 DNA binding, and cell transformation but had no effect on EGF-induced signal transduction. Anti-EGFR, anti-heparin-binding EGF, and BB-94 each blocked TPA-induced EGFR phosphorylation, but only anti-EGFR could block EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation. Based on these results, we conclude that the EGFR is required for mediating TPA-induced signal transduction. EGFR transactivation induced by TPA is a mechanism by which the EGFR mediates TPA-induced tumor promotion-related signal transduction.
Intratracheal Administration of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Elicits Pulmonary Hypertension in Broilers with Primed Airways (2008)

Broilers reared under commercial conditions inhale irritant gases and aerosolized particulates contaminated with gram-negative bacteria and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous studies demonstrated that i.v. injections of LPS can trigger an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP); however, the pulmonary hemodynamic response to aerosolized LPS entering via the most common route, the respiratory tract, had not been evaluated in broilers. In experiment 1, broilers reared on new wood shavings litter in clean environmental chambers either were not pretreated (control group) or were pretreated via aerosol inhalation of substances (food color dyes and propylene glycol) known to sensitize the airways. One day later, the broilers were anesthetized, catheterized to record the PAP, and an intratracheal aerosol spray of LPS (1 mL of 2 mg/mL of LPS) was administered. Broilers in the control group as well as broilers pretreated with aerosolized distilled water or yellow and blue food color dyes did not develop pulmonary hypertension (PH; an increase in PAP) after the intratracheal spray of LPS, whereas broilers that had been pretreated with red food color did develop PH in response to intratracheal LPS. In experiment 2, birds raised under commercial conditions on used wood shavings litter developed PH in response to intratracheal LPS regardless of whether they had been pretreated with aerosolized red food color dye. In experiment 3, broilers reared in clean environmental chambers on new wood shavings litter were used to demonstrate that Red Dye #3 and propylene glycol are capable of priming the responsiveness of the airways to a subsequent intratracheal LPS challenge. Common air contaminants such as LPS can result in PH leading to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers with appropriately primed airways.
Super-wide-band optical FM modulation scheme and its application to multichannel AM video transmission systems (1996)

A novel super-wide-band optical FM modulation scheme employing an optical heterodyne detection technique is proposed and demonstrated. Experimental results show that by applying this scheme to 40-channel AM video transmission, the power budget is expanded by approximately 10 dB at a CNR of 42 dB.