gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging with deep-water multiples (1991)

Abstract Acquisition of on-bottom hydrophone data recording of a near-surface source provides an opportunity to treat water column multiples as useful signal. A ray-equation based Kirchhoff depth migration is used to image primary reflections and deep-water multiples recorded on an Ocean Bottom Hydrophone (OBH). The image of the subbottom sediments is shown to be improved by inclusion of the deep-water multiple in the imaging process. Field data, jointly acquired by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and University of Texas Institute for Geophysics at Austin and consisting of an OBH (2300 m depth) recording a 10 800 cubic inch air gun array, are used to illustrate the feasibility of the technique. Images are obtained from both the primary reflections and from energy that has undergone an additional passage through the water column. Comparison of these images reveals an excellent correlation of reflectors with the predicted polarity reversal observed in the multiple's image. Synthetic data are used to examine the difficulties in identifying the true path of the water column multiple. For flat-layered media there are two different multiple paths -- one that reflects beneath the source and one that reflects over the receiver -- which have identical traveltimes. They do not, however, have the same amplitude, and it can be shown that their amplitudes differ sufficiently to allow a reliable image to be extracted from the energy that reflects over the receiver. As a final step, the image obtained from the multiple is corrected for the pi phase shift from the free surface and added to the image from the primary reflection. This approach is limited to areas where water depths allow reliable separation of primary reflections from water column multiples. Application of this technique allows the utilization of coherent deep water multiples and results in both extended lateral coverage and an increased signal-to-noise ratio in the final image.
Imaging histamine in live basophils and macrophages with a fluorescent mesoionic acid fluoride (2012)

Histamine is a biogenic amine with fundamental roles in circulatory and immune systems. We report a fluorescent small molecule (Histamine Blue) for imaging intracellular histamine in live basophils and macrophages. Histamine Blue is a fluorescent mesoionic acid fluoride that turns on upon reaction with histamine. The selective response of Histamine Blue enabled the visualization of intracellular histamine under different physiological conditions.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (2010)

Abstract : LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) and Raman Spectroscopy address all five threats (CBRNE) for security and force protection applications. Military and civilian First Responders could utilize LIBS for CB, explosive hazards, suspicious powder, and hazardous spill analysis. Industrial applications include hazardous materials, quality control and process monitoring. Importantly, LIBS can identify innocuous materials on-site and in real-time saving time and money in response to hazardous material spills. A3 Technologies, LLC established LIBS based sensing as a commercial technology; four prototype LIBS based devices (laboratory, Pelicase. hand-held and stand-off ) were developed and evaluated againat 1st responder securities applications, forensic and commercial applications.
Inductive Transfer for Bayesian Network Structure Learning (2007)

We consider the problem of learning Bayes Net structures for related tasks. We present an algorithm for learning Bayes Net structures that takes advantage of the similarity between tasks by biasing learning toward similar structures for each task. Heuristic search is used to find a high scoring set of structures (one for each task), where the score for a set of structures is computed in a principled way. Experiments on problems generated from the ALARM and INSURANCE networks show that learning the structures for related tasks using the proposed method yields better results than learning the structures independently. 1
Preparation of 17-Ketosteroids from Enol Acetates of 20-Ketosteroids<sup>1a</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 17-Ketosteroids from Enol Acetates of 20-Ketosteroids1aCharles W. Marshall, Theodore H. Kritchevsky, Seymour Lieberman, and T. F. GallagherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 5, 1837–1839Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01185a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01185a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ABD ve İngiltere Kamu Sağlık Sigortası Programları Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme (2002)

There are two main vehicles that individuals make use of in order to provide health insurance for themselves. These are health insurances carried out by the government and private health. In this study the England public health insurances and USApuplic health insurances that have different structure have been studied although their coverage is limited. First of all, the historical development of public health insurances (Medicare and NHS) of both countries and their health services have been putforward. Later on, health aids provided from public health insurances, financial aids conditions for making use of these aids, the coverage of aids and their financial resources have been studied comperatively. In the last part of study, a gerenal evaluation towards Medicare and NHS have been given.
Evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service in LTE: An assessment of system performance under realistic radio network engineering conditions (2013)

With the explosive and sustained growth of data usage on both 3G and 4G mobile broadband wireless networks, new techniques need to be found to deliver data to end users efficiently. One of the key drivers of that data demand is video. Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) is one technique in Long Term Evolution (LTE) that provides a broadcast bearer to deliver video content and file delivery to an unlimited number of users. This bearer makes use of multiple cell sites to build a “single frequency network” (SFN) zone with identical downlink transmission over part of the LTE Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. The resulting signal is combined at the user equipment's antenna in such a way that what is normally a neighboring cell site contributing interference becomes the source of a useful signal, thus improving the overall information signal to interference ratio, as well as spectral efficiency. In this paper, eMBMS technology and architecture are presented along with estimates of achieved performance and the impact on radio network engineering. We conclude that while eMBMS may not be an efficient solution to offer nationwide contiguous services throughout a mobile network, it may be efficiently used across an entire metropolitan area and the surrounding “capacity limited” rural areas when using a low radio band such as 700 MHz or 800 MHz, offering an impressive spectral efficiency of 1.5 b/s/Hz.
Color Coding of Circuit Quantities in Introductory Circuit Analysis Instruction (2014)

Learning the analysis of electrical circuits represented by circuit diagrams is often challenging for novice students. An open research question in electrical circuit analysis instruction is whether color coding of the mathematical symbols (variables) that denote electrical quantities can improve circuit analysis learning. The present study compared two groups of high school students undergoing their first introductory learning of electrical circuit analysis. One group learned with circuit variables in black font. The other group learned with colored circuit variables, with blue font indicating variables related to voltage, red font indicating those related to current, and black font indicating those related to resistance. The color group achieved significantly higher post-test scores, gave higher ratings for liking the instruction and finding it helpful, and had lower ratings of cognitive load than the black-font group. These results indicate that color coding of the notations for quantities in electrical circuit diagrams aids the circuit analysis learning of novice students.
<i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Transport and Biocompatibility of Single Silver Nanoparticles in Early Development of Zebrafish Embryos (2007)

Real-time study of the transport and biocompatibility of nanomaterials in early embryonic development at single-nanoparticle resolution can offer new knowledge about the delivery and effects of nanomaterials in vivo and provide new insights into molecular transport mechanisms in developing embryos. In this study, we directly characterized the transport of single silver nanoparticles into an in vivo model system (zebrafish embryos) and investigated their effects on early embryonic development at single-nanoparticle resolution in real time. We designed highly purified and stable (not aggregated and no photodecomposition) nanoparticles and developed single-nanoparticle optics and in vivo assays to enable the study. We found that single Ag nanoparticles (5-46 nm) are transported into and out of embryos through chorion pore canals (CPCs) and exhibit Brownian diffusion (not active transport), with the diffusion coefficient inside the chorionic space (3 x 10(-9) cm(2)/s) approximately 26 times lower than that in egg water (7.7 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s). In contrast, nanoparticles were trapped inside CPCs and the inner mass of the embryos, showing restricted diffusion. Individual Ag nanoparticles were observed inside embryos at each developmental stage and in normally developed, deformed, and dead zebrafish, showing that the biocompatibility and toxicity of Ag nanoparticles and types of abnormalities observed in zebrafish are highly dependent on the dose of Ag nanoparticles, with a critical concentration of 0.19 nM. Rates of passive diffusion and accumulation of nanoparticles in embryos are likely responsible for the dose-dependent abnormalities. Unlike other chemicals, single nanoparticles can be directly imaged inside developing embryos at nanometer spatial resolution, offering new opportunities to unravel the related pathways that lead to the abnormalities.
Persistence of spectral variations in DGD statistics (2005)

We observe distinct variations between the DGD temporal statistics for different channels in a field installed system. This phenomenon is confirmed with statistical analysis, using a model in which DGD dynamics are due only to a finite number of active points along the link.
Efficient Switching Supports of Distributed .NET Remoting with Network Processors (2005)

Distributed object-oriented environments have become important platforms for parallel and distributed service frameworks. Among distributed object-oriented software, .NET Remoting provides a language layer of abstractions for performing parallel and distributed computing in .NET environments. In this paper, we present our methodologies in supporting .NET Remoting over meta-clustered environments. We take the advantage of the programmability of network processors to develop the content-based switch for distributing workloads generated from remote invocations in .NET. Our scheduling mechanisms include stateful supports for .NET Remoting services. In addition, we also propose scheduling policy to incorporate workflow models as the models are now incorporated in many of tools of grid architectures. Experiments done at clusters with IXP 1200 network processors show that our scheme can significantly enhance the system throughput (up to 55%) compared to NLB method when the traffic is heavy. Our schemes are effective in supporting the switching of .NET Remoting computations over meta-cluster environments.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Anti-influenza Agent Baloxavir Marboxil in Healthy Adults: Phase I Study Findings (2018)

Baloxavir marboxil, a prodrug that is metabolized to baloxavir acid, suppresses viral replication by inhibiting cap-dependent endonuclease. This first-in-human phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of baloxavir marboxil/baloxavir acid in healthy Japanese volunteers (Study 1), while food effects were evaluated in a separate phase I, crossover study in healthy Japanese volunteers (Study 2). Study 1 participants were randomized to single-dose oral baloxavir marboxil (6, 20, 40, 60, or 80 mg; n = 6 per dose) or placebo (n = 10), while Study 2 participants (n = 15) received single-dose oral baloxavir marboxil 20 mg in fasted, fed, and before-meal states. Baloxavir marboxil was well tolerated; there were few treatment-emergent adverse events and no serious adverse events/deaths. The mean plasma baloxavir acid concentration 24 h after single-dose (C24) oral baloxavir marboxil 6 mg was 6.92 ng/mL, exceeding the target C24 (6.85 ng/mL) estimated in nonclinical studies. In Study 1, baloxavir acid exposure demonstrated dose-proportional increases in the fasted state, with maximum plasma concentration generally attained within 3.5 h. Terminal elimination half-life ranged from 49 to 91 h. In Study 2, exposure was decreased and apparent clearance increased in the fed and before-meal states versus the fasted state; however, exposure exceeded the target C24 in all states. Single-dose oral baloxavir marboxil was well tolerated, had a favorable safety profile, and had favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, including a long half-life, supporting single oral dosing. The baloxavir acid area under the plasma concentration-time curve decreased with food intake by approximately 40%.
Design and Synthesis of a Novel Series of Pyranonaphthoquinones as Topoisomerase II Catalytic Inhibitors (2008)

On the basis of previous pharmacophore modeling studies of naphthoquinones derivatives, we have designed and synthesized a new set of pyranonaphthoquinones. These compounds were obtained through a direct and highly efficient approach based on an intramolecular domino Knoevenagel hetero Diels-Alder reaction from lawsone (2-hydroxynaphthoquinone) and a variety of aldehydes containing an alkene. The synthesized pyranonaphthoquinones were evaluated against the alpha isoform of human topoisomerase II (hTopoIIalpha). Among the 11 derivatives studied, we found that six of them act as catalytic inhibitors of the enzyme in vitro. These six derivatives strongly preclude the enzyme from decatenating or relaxing suitable substrates. Finally, we correlate their active/inactive status with docking studies of these novel compounds into the ATPase domain of hTopoIIalpha.
Are Endoscopic Biopsies of Small Bowel as Good as Suction Biopsies for Diagnosis of Enteropathy? (1999)

Endoscopic grasp biopsies are perfectly adequate for the assessment of small intestinal histology. In addition, endoscopy affords advantage in diagnosis of other upper gastrointestinal disease with avoidance of radiologic screening involved with the suction capsule technique.
Preliminary study of planar RF coils for Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (2005)

In this study, we attempt to do a preliminary study of planar RF coils that are aimed for the application of Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (MRM). We will discuss the requirements and considerations for designing such a device. And at last, we conducted a small experiment to show that the design solution we propose is in the correct direction.
Internal thermal noise in the LIGO test masses: A direct approach (1998)

The internal thermal noise in LIGO's test masses is analyzed by a new technique, a direct application of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to LIGO's readout observable, $x(t)=$(longitudinal position of test-mass face, weighted by laser beam's Gaussian profile). Previous analyses, which relied on a normal-mode decomposition of the test-mass motion, were valid only if the dissipation is uniformally distributed over the test-mass interior, and they converged reliably to a final answer only when the beam size was a non-negligible fraction of the test-mass cross section. This paper's direct analysis, by contrast, can handle inhomogeneous dissipation and arbitrary beam sizes. In the domain of validity of the previous analysis, the two methods give the same answer for ${S}_{x}(f)$, the spectral density of thermal noise, to within expected accuracy. The new analysis predicts that thermal noise due to dissipation concentrated in the test mass's front face (e.g., due to mirror coating) scales as ${1/r}_{0}^{2}$, by contrast with homogeneous dissipation, which scales as ${1/r}_{0}$ ${(r}_{0}$ is the beam radius); so surface dissipation could become significant for small beam sizes.
A minor β‐tubulin essential for mammalian cell proliferation (2008)

Mammals use tubulin from multiple genes to construct microtubules. Some genes are expressed in a tissue specific manner, while others are expressed in almost all cell types. beta5-Tubulin is a minor, ubiquitous isoform whose overexpression was recently shown to disrupt microtubules. Using inhibitory RNA, we now report that suppression of beta5 production in both human and hamster cells blocks cell proliferation. Cells depleted of beta5 either trigger the mitotic checkpoint and undergo apoptosis; or they experience a transient mitotic block, a high incidence of lagging chromosomes, and progression into G1 without cytokinesis to become large, flat cells with elevated DNA content. Microtubules appear to be normally organized in cells depleted of beta5, but they are rich in acetylated alpha-tubulin indicating that they may be more stable than normal. The results provide the first evidence that a specific isoform of beta-tubulin is required for mitosis.
Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by fatty acid ethyl esters, myocardial metabolites of ethanol. (1983)

Mechanisms responsible for alcohol-induced heart muscle disease have been difficult to elucidate partly because of previously obscure, demonstrable cardiac metabolism of ethanol. Recently, fatty acid ethyl esters were identified in our laboratory and found to be myocardial metabolites of ethanol. In the present study, they have been shown to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Incubation of isolated myocardial mitochondria with fatty acid ethyl esters led to a concentration-dependent reduction of the respiratory control ratio index of coupling of oxidative phosphorylation and decrement of maximal rate of oxygen consumption. Furthermore, fatty acid ethyl esters were demonstrated to bind to mitochondria in vitro, and, importantly, 72% of intracellularly synthesized ethyl esters were found to bind to mitochondria isolated from intact tissue incubated with ethanol. Protein binding of fatty acid ethyl esters was markedly less than that of fatty acids. Because uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation correlated with the cleavage of fatty acid ethyl ester shown to be initially bound to mitochondria, with resultant generation of fatty acid, a potent uncoupler, in a locus in or near the mitochondrial membrane, fatty acid ethyl esters may contribute to a potentially toxic shuttle for fatty acid with transport from physiological intracellular binding sites to the mitochondrial membrane; direct effects of fatty acid ethyl esters may also be deleterious. Operation of this shuttle as a result of ethanol ingestion and subsequent accumulation of fatty acid ethyl esters may account for the impaired mitochondrial function and inefficient energy production associated with toxic effects of ethanol on the heart.
Triple-clad single-mode fibers for dispersion shifting (1993)

A design procedure for triple-clad dispersion-shifted single-mode fibers is developed. Following this procedure, fibers are identified which have low dopant concentrations in the core compared to those of the previous dispersion-shifted fiber designs, a second-mode cutoff wavelength close to the operating wavelength, zero dispersion at 1550 nm, a small bending loss at 1550 nm (for a bend radius of 3.75 cm), and a spot size that is large enough not to compromise the splice loss. A significant advantage of these fibers is that low-dispersion is available over a wide wavelength band about the wavelength of zero dispersion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Conotoxins from <i>Conus striatus</i> and <i>Conus kinoshitai</i> Selectively Block TTX-Resistant Sodium Channels (2005)

The peptides isolated from venoms of predatory marine Conus snails ("conotoxins") are well-known to be highly potent and selective pharmacological agents for voltage-gated ion channels and receptors. We report the discovery of two novel TTX-resistant sodium channel blockers, mu-conotoxins SIIIA and KIIIA, from two species of cone snails. The two toxins were identified and characterized by combining molecular techniques and chemical synthesis. Both peptides inhibit TTX-resistant sodium currents in neurons of frog sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia but poorly block action potentials in frog skeletal muscle, which are mediated by TTX-sensitive sodium channels. The amino acid sequences in the C-terminal region of the two peptides and of the previously characterized mu-conotoxin SmIIIA (which also blocks TTX-resistant channels) are similar, but the three peptides differ in the length of their first N-terminal loop. We used molecular dynamics simulations to analyze how altering the number of residues in the first loop affects the overall structure of mu-conotoxins. Our results suggest that the naturally occurring truncations do not affect the conformation of the C-terminal loops. Taken together, structural and functional differences among mu-conotoxins SmIIIA, SIIIA, and KIIIA offer a unique insight into the "evolutionary engineering" of conotoxin activity.