gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPIN (2018)

Recent GPUs enable Peer-to-Peer Direct Memory Access ( p 2 p ) from fast peripheral devices like NVMe SSDs to exclude the CPU from the data path between them for efficiency. Unfortunately, using p 2 p to access files is challenging because of the subtleties of low-level non-standard interfaces, which bypass the OS file I/O layers and may hurt system performance. Developers must possess intimate knowledge of low-level interfaces to manually handle the subtleties of data consistency and misaligned accesses. We present SPIN , which integrates p 2 p into the standard OS file I/O stack, dynamically activating p 2 p where appropriate, transparently to the user. It combines p 2 p with page cache accesses, re-enables read-ahead for sequential reads, all while maintaining standard POSIX FS consistency, portability across GPUs and SSDs, and compatibility with virtual block devices such as software RAID. We evaluate SPIN on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs using standard file I/O benchmarks, application traces, and end-to-end experiments. SPIN achieves significant performance speedups across a wide range of workloads, exceeding p 2 p throughput by up to an order of magnitude. It also boosts the performance of an aerial imagery rendering application by 2.6× by dynamically adapting to its input-dependent file access pattern, enables 3.3× higher throughput for a GPU-accelerated log server, and enables 29% faster execution for the highly optimized GPU-accelerated image collage with only 30 changed lines of code.
Benefiting From Biological Growth in Filters (1998)

This article discusses biological filtration, or biofiltration, a process that uses innocuous microorganisms for the breakdown and removal of biodegradable organic matter (BOM). Topics covered include: treatment plant design; biofilm problems; process effectiveness; the key to successful biofiltration processes; monitoring and evaluation; occurrence in various media; and, historical use of biofiltration.
Automated Support of Manual Fastening Operations (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A number of automated fastener installation machines have demonstrated the advantage of cassette feeder systems as well as the benefits that accrue from the machine manipulation of fasteners.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Although a substantial number of these automated systems are now in operation and are providing substantial cost and quality benefits to their users, a far greater number of fasteners are still and will continue to be, installed manually for some time to come.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Recognizing the great number of manual operations that exist in the industry, we have concentrated our efforts on the development of systems that work in connection with the manual operator by providing him with the benefits of automatic fastener storage, selection, sealant application and semi automatic installation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The manual operator support systems range from stationary, multi-station systems all the way down to shoulder supported “packs” which provide similar functions for individual fastener installation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The configuration and capabilities of the systems will be described.</div>
EXISTING DESIGN STANDARDS (1986)

Truck operations have a pronounced effect on the design of highways. Various characteristics of trucks are reflected in the standards used today for planning, designing, and operating highways. In determining geometry, the type, size, weight, gradability, acceleration, deceleration, and turning features of trucks all play an important part. These are accounted for by a classification of design vehicles that are represented by the largest trucks and their most imposing characteristics of operation. In the design process, one class of vehicles is selected for a particular type of highway or set of conditions. The application of standards, which reflect design vehicle performance, generally produces appropriate results. There are a few areas in which operational aspects of trucks may be further considered. Also, the more recent introduction of extra large trucks not yet included in national geometric highway standards for certain conditions should be addressed. The features and adequacy of present standards are reviewed and areas in which reinforcement or inclusion of additional standards or concerns is needed are highlighted.
Convergence of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1- and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-β–Signaling Pathways Regulates the Innate Inflammatory Response (2011)

The PI3K pathway and its regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling inflammation. In this article, we show that mTORC1 and GSK3-β converge and that the capacity of mTORC1 to affect the inflammatory response is due to the inactivation of GSK3-β. Inhibition of mTORC1 attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation and increased its kinase activity. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that GSK3-β associated with a downstream target of mTORC1, p85S6K, and phosphorylated GSK3-β. Inhibition of S6K1 abrogated the phosphorylation of GSK3-β while increasing and decreasing the levels of IL-12 and IL-10, respectively, in LPS-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the direct inhibition of GSK3 attenuated the capacity of S6K1 inhibition to influence the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 produced by LPS-stimulated cells. At the transcriptional level, mTORC1 inhibition reduced the DNA binding of CREB and this effect was reversed by GSK3 inhibition. As a result, mTORC1 inhibition increased the levels of NF-κB p65 associated with CREB-binding protein. Inhibition of NF-κB p65 attenuated rapamycin's ability to influence the levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with LPS. These studies identify the molecular mechanism by which mTORC1 affects GSK3 and show that mTORC1 inhibition regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via its capacity to inactivate GSK3.
3-D Geopressure Analysis (1998)

Abstract In clastic sedimentary basins, geopressure is controlled by depositional and diagenetic history as well as structural geometry. The shapes and sizes of pressure compartments depend on the 3-D structure and distribution of lithologies and faults. We developed 3-D geopressure analysis algorithms and methodology which enable interpreters to estimate, analyze, and visualize geopressure in 3-D. Potential benefits include: (1) more accurate pre-drill pore pressure prediction; (2) 3-D definition of pressure compartments; (3) enhanced interpretation of fault seal or leak from pore pressure distribution; (4) enhanced interpretation of fluid migration pathways. Careful velocity analysis after pre-processing of the 3-D pre-stack seismic data produces 3-D RMS velocities at every in-line and cross-line position through a volume. Further lateral smoothing removes velocity errors caused by near surface and acquisition noises. An interval velocity volume is generated from the smoothed RMS velocity volume. Calibration using offset wells is used to transform 3D seismic velocity into 3D pore pressure gradients. In addition, we have also developed an algorithm to generate minimum horizontal stress. Using difference of the minimum horizontal stress and pore pressure, we can calculate an effective stress volume. This is extremely important for casing design and evaluating seal integrity of the prospect. We have generated and analyzed several 3-D geopressure cases in deep water Gulf of Mexico and South China Sea. Relationship between fluid pressure, faults and geometry can be visualized and interpreted inseveral ways: (1) a pressure volume may be combined with amplitude slices - this is best for understanding and visualizing the influence of subtle structures; (2) a pressure volume may be combined with interpreted fault surfaces to visualize the effects of major faults; (3) Interpreted fault slices may be combined with seismic geopressure lines. Pressure volumes are best viewed as part transparent, part translucent, and part opaque.
Effect of interleukin-12 on antitumor activity of human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow cytotoxic cells. (1998)

Interleukin (IL)-12, a natural killer (NK) cell stimulatory factor, is a heterodimeric cytokine that is known to be a potent activator of non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity by peripheral blood-derived NK cells. NK cells (CD3-CD16+/CD56+) represent approximately 15% of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB MNCs) and are known to be highly sensitive to activation by IL-2. In the present study, we monitored the effect of IL-12 on the cytotoxic activity, proliferation, and phenotypic expression of HUCB-derived resting and IL-2-activated cytotoxic cells and compared these parameters with those of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells. Lymphocytes were separated from HUCB by 3% gelatin sedimentation and incubated with IL-12 and/or IL-2 for 18 hours. At effector:target ratios of 40:1 and 20:1, IL-12 (50 U/mL) significantly increased both resting and IL-2-activated NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in a standard 51Cr-release assay against both NK-sensitive (K562) and NK-resistant (Colo-205) cell lines. In addition, resting and IL-2-activated cytotoxic cells derived from HUCB exhibited superior cytolytic ability compared with BM-derived cells. This increase was observed in resting cells as well as in those that were preincubated with IL-12. Moreover, HUCB-derived cells were found to be more sensitive to IL-12 activation than cytotoxic cells from BM. To evaluate the involvement of accessory cells, NK cells were purified from HUCB using immunomagnetic beads, and these cells were found to have a lower response to treatment with IL-12 than unpurified populations. HUCB MNCs exhibited a nonsignificant increase in proliferation after IL-12 treatment and were better able to respond to IL-12 activation than BM MNCs. Following an 18-hour incubation, IL-12 was able to cause upregulation of CD25 and CD69 activation antigens, whereas no significant change in expression of CD16 and CD56 NK cell surface antigens, CD3 on T cells, or IL-12 receptor was observed. Similarly, IL-12 did not affect NK cell:target cell conjugation as assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Our results indicate that HUCB-derived NK-mediated cytotoxic capabilities can be increased by IL-12, a finding that may have clinical relevance.
Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: cluster randomised controlled trial (2007)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN19633732 [controlled-trials.com].
Immunity following use of Australian tick fever vaccine: a review of the evidence (2001)

Objective To review the evidence available on the degree and duration of immunity provided by Australian tick fever vaccines against Babesia bovis, B bigemina and Anaplasma marginale infections in Australia and overseas. Background Vaccines containing attenuated strains of B bovis and B bigemina as well as A centrale grown in splenectomised calves have been used in Australia since 1964 to immunise cattle against tick fever. About 800,000 doses of vaccine are supplied annually and much of the evidence for protection is field evidence rather than conventional immunological measures or pen trials. Conclusions Immunity to Babesia bovis and B bigemina – A single inoculation generally provides sound, long‐lasting protection both in Australia and overseas. No evidence was found of a loss of immunity with time. Vaccine failures to B bovis d o occur, but are uncommon and evidently caused by a number of factors, including immune responsiveness of the vaccinated animals, and immunogenicity of the vaccine strain. Immunity to Anaplasma marginale – The vaccine containing A centrale provides partial, variable protection against A marginale. Protection against challenge in Australia is adequate in most cases to prevent disease and use of the vaccine in this country appears to be justified. Protection against antigenically diverse, highly virulent stocks of A marginale i n other countries is, at times, clearly inadequate and better vaccines are required in situations where the challenge is severe.
Negative Capacitance in Short-Channel FinFETs Externally Connected to an Epitaxial Ferroelectric Capacitor (2015)

We report subthreshold swings as low as 8.5 mV/decade over as high as eight orders of magnitude of drain current in short-channel negative capacitance FinFETs (NC-FinFETs) with gate length <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{g}=100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm. NC-FinFETs are constructed by connecting a high-quality epitaxial bismuth ferrite (BiFeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) ferroelectric capacitor to the gate terminal of both n-type and p-type FinFETs. We show that a self-consistent simulation scheme based on Berkeley SPICE Insulated-Gate-FET Model:Common Multi Gate model and Landau–Devonshire formalism could quantitatively match the experimental NC-FinFET transfer characteristics. This also allows a general procedure to extract the effective <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -shaped ferroelectric charge–voltage characteristics that provides important insights into the device operation.
Prolonged Exposure to Glucose Degradation Products Impairs Viability and Function of Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells (2001)

Bioincompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) has been linked to the presence of glucose degradation products (GDP). Previous experiments have shown that short-term exposure to several GDP at concentrations found in commercially available PDF had no significant effect on human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). During continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, however, cells are continually exposed to GDP for extended periods of time. Thus, the impact of GDP on HPMC during long-term exposure was assessed. HPMC were cultured for up to 36 d in the presence of 6 identified GDP (acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, furaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 5-HMF) at doses that reflect their concentrations in conventional PDF. At regular time intervals, the ability of HPMC to secrete cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and extracellular matrix molecules (fibronectin) was evaluated. In addition, cell viability, morphology, and proliferative potential were assessed. Exposure to GDP resulted in a significant reduction in mesothelial IL-6 and fibronectin release. Approximately 80% of this decrease occurred during the first 12 d of the exposure and was paralleled by a gradual loss of cell viability and development of morphologic alterations. After 36 d of exposure, the number of cells in GDP-treated cultures was reduced by nearly 60%. However, GDP-treated cells were able to resume normal proliferation when transferred to a normal GDP-free medium. HPMC viability and function may be impaired during long-term exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of GDP, which suggests a potential role of GDP in the pathogenesis of peritoneal membrane dysfunction during chronic peritoneal dialysis.
S100A7 (psoriasin) inhibits human epidermal differentiation by enhanced <scp>IL</scp>‐6 secretion through I<i>κ</i>B/<scp>NF</scp>‐<i>κ</i>B signalling (2016)

Psoriasin (S100A7), a member of the S100 protein family, is a well-known antimicrobial peptide and a signalling molecule which regulates cellular function and is highly expressed in hyperproliferative skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis with disrupted skin barrier function. However, its role in epidermal differentiation remains unknown. We examined the effect of S100A7 on epidermal differentiation in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and on a reconstituted human epidermis model. When NHKs were exposed to disruptive stimuli such as Staphylococcus aureus, ultraviolet irradiation and retinoic acid, the secretion of S100A7 into the culture medium increased and the expression of epidermal differentiation markers decreased. Treatment of NHKs with S100A7 significantly inhibited epidermal differentiation by reducing the expression of keratin 1, keratin 10, involucrin and loricrin and by increasing the expression of abnormal differentiation markers (keratin 6 and keratin 16). We verified that the MyD88-IκB/NF-κB signal cascade was activated via RAGE after S100A7 treatment, resulting in the upregulation of interleukin-6. Finally, we confirmed that S100A7 is a negative regulator of epidermal differentiation using a reconstituted human epidermis model. This study suggests that S100A7-related signalling molecules could be potent targets for recovering skin barrier function in AD and psoriasis where S100A7 is accumulated excessively.
¿Responsabilidad social empresarial?. El caso de un gaseoducto en el noroeste argentino (2006)

The catalytic formation of C-C bonds is one of the most useful transformations in organic synthesis. Over the last decade, the use of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has attracted much interest and their use in C-C bond formation reactions constitutes one of their most important applications, including the Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions. This tutorial review highlights recent work in this active area, considering the stabilising agents used to prepare the NPs, the catalytic results and the recycling possibilities.
Rigorous modal analysis of plasmonic nanoresonators (2018)

The specificity of modal-expansion formalisms is their capabilities to model the physical properties in the natural resonance-state basis of the system in question, leading to a transparent interpretation of the numerical results. In electromagnetism, modal-expansion formalisms are routinely used for optical waveguides. In contrast, they are much less mature for analyzing open non-Hermitian systems, such as micro- and nanoresonators. Here, by accounting for material dispersion with auxiliary fields, we considerably extend the capabilities of these formalisms, in terms of computational effectiveness, number of states handled, and range of validity. We implement an efficient finite-element solver to compute the resonance states, and derive closed-form expressions of the modal excitation coefficients for reconstructing the scattered fields. Together, these two achievements allow us to perform rigorous modal analysis of complicated plasmonic resonators, being not limited to a few resonance states, with straightforward physical interpretations and remarkable computation speeds. We particularly show that, when the number of states retained in the expansion increases, convergence toward accurate predictions is achieved, offering a solid theoretical foundation for analyzing important issues, e.g., Fano interference, quenching, and coupling with the continuum, which are critical in nanophotonic research.
Air Drilling and Multiple Hydraulic Fracturing of a 72° Slant Well in Devonian Shale (1990)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses site selection, air directional drilling, stimulations, and economic evaluation for a 72° slant well drilled in the Devonian shale, Roane County, West Virginia. The well was drilled to evaluate the concept of using directional drilling and multiple hydraulic fracturing to improve the gas production from a 450-foot naturally fractured Devonian shale section. The well trajectory remained in target for more than 1,500 feet at a preferred azimuthal direction perpendicular to the regional fracture trend and also the known production fairway. The well was conventionally drilled to the kickoff point of 2,150 feet. Afterwards, positive displacement downhole motors were used to build hole angle up to a 72° hole angle at the top of the target zone. Once the target zone was reached at 67°, conventional rotary assemblies were used to rotate the well across a 1,500-foot target section in which inclination varied from 67° to 72° of hole angle. After reaching total depth of 4,833 feet, the well was logged using wireline and drill pipe conveyed methods. Then 5 1/2-inch casing was run and cemented with 60 rigid centralizers to improve zonal isolation. Four stimulations were designed and completed. All stimulations will be discussed in the paper. Economic analysis was conducted to show expected improvements from the application of this technology to fractured Devonian shale. Post-stimulation well testing has been identified for each zone to show initial results.
Separation of Toxic Heavy Metals by Sulfide Precipitation (1979)

Abstract Sulfide precipitation with Na2S is found to be highly effective to obtain a high degree of separation of heavy metal cations (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb) and of the oxyanions of arsenic and selenium from complex wastewaters. The metal separation characteristics are evaluated with a dilute synthetic mixture and with an actual copper smelting plant wastewater. The overall separation of arsenic and other heavy metals and precipitate settling rates are optimum at sulfide dosages about 60% of the theoretical values and at a final pH greater than 8.0. The removals of Cd, Zn, and Cu from the actual wastewaters are greater than 99%, and As and Se removals are 98 and >92%, respectively. Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the range of 0.05 to 0.1 mg/1 can be achieved with sulfide precipitation. The metal separations and settling rates obtained with conventional hydroxide precipitation (lime) are considerably lower than those obtained with sulfide precipitation.
Are interleukin-15 and -22 a new pathogenic factor in pustular palmoplantar psoriasis? (2016)

The results obtained may suggest involvement of IL-15 and IL-22 in the pathogenesis of PPP.
A Pentacoordinate Mn(II) Precatalyst That Exhibits Notable Aldehyde and Ketone Hydrosilylation Turnover Frequencies (2015)

Heating (THF)2MnCl2 in the presence of the pyridine-substituted bis(imino)pyridine ligand, (PyEt)PDI, allowed preparation of the respective dihalide complex, ((PyEt)PDI)MnCl2. Reduction of this precursor using excess Na/Hg resulted in deprotonation of the chelate methyl groups to yield the bis(enamide)tris(pyridine)-supported product, (κ(5)-N,N,N,N,N-(PyEt)PDEA)Mn. This complex was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to possess an intermediate-spin (S = (3)/2) Mn(II) center by the Evans method and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, (κ(5)-N,N,N,N,N-(PyEt)PDEA)Mn was determined to be an effective precatalyst for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones, exhibiting turnover frequencies of up to 2475 min(-1) when employed under solvent-free conditions. This optimization allowed for isolation of the respective alcohols and, in two cases, the partially reacted silyl ethers, PhSiH(OR)2 [R = Cy and CH(Me)((n)Bu)]. The aldehyde hydrosilylation activity observed for (κ(5)-N,N,N,N,N-(PyEt)PDEA)Mn renders it one of the most efficient first-row transition metal catalysts for this transformation reported to date.