gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[H2-antagonistic activity of the impromidine analog, cyanoguanidine. 37. H2 antihistaminics]. (1988)

In studies on structure-activity relationships among impromidine-like histamine H2-receptor agonists, the synthesis of impromidine analogous guanidines led to the corresponding intermediate cyanoguanidines. The latter are structurally related to cimetidine. For that reason they were tested for H2-antagonistic activity on the isolated guinea-pig atrium. Compound 5h proved to be significantly more potent than cimetidine. Derivatives with branched thioether moiety were devoid of affinity. The results are consistent with existing structure-activity relationships.
Control conditions to improve conducted EMI by switching frequency modulation of basic discontinuous PWM preregulators (2002)

In this paper the authors analyze the operation conditions to control basic discontinuous AC-DC preregulators with variable switching frequency. The correct use of variable switching frequency control can lead to a reduction of conducted EMI generated. The basic PWM converters (buck, boost, buck-boost, sepic, Cuk and zeta) are studied. The authors achieve results which allow them to operate the converters under the condition proposed maintaining a very small low-order harmonic-current content. Some simulation examples using a buck-boost as DCM-PFP show the amplitude reduction of the high order harmonic content. Experimental results using a sepic converter show the feasibility of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection and Estimation Algorithms in Massive MIMO Systems (2014)

This book chapter reviews signal detection and parameter estimation techniques for multiuser multiple-antenna wireless systems with a very large number of antennas, known as massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. We consider both centralized antenna systems (CAS) and distributed antenna systems (DAS) architectures in which a large number of antenna elements are employed and focus on the uplink of a mobile cellular system. In particular, we focus on receive processing techniques that include signal detection and parameter estimation problems and discuss the specific needs of massive MIMO systems. Simulation results illustrate the performance of detection and estimation algorithms under several scenarios of interest. Key problems are discussed and future trends in massive MIMO systems are pointed out.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: R-CHOP failure—what to do? (2016)

Although rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), ∼30% to 50% of patients are not cured by this treatment, depending on disease stage or prognostic index. Among patients for whom R-CHOP therapy fails, 20% suffer from primary refractory disease (progress during or right after treatment) whereas 30% relapse after achieving complete remission (CR). Currently, there is no good definition enabling us to identify these 2 groups upon diagnosis. Most of the refractory patients exhibit double-hit lymphoma (MYC-BCL2 rearrangement) or double-protein-expression lymphoma (MYC-BCL2 hyperexpression) which have a more aggressive clinical picture. New strategies are currently being explored to obtain better CR rates and fewer relapses. Although young relapsing patients are treated with high-dose therapy followed by autologous transplant, there is an unmet need for better salvage regimens in this setting. To prevent relapse, maintenance therapy with immunomodulatory agents such as lenalidomide is currently undergoing investigation. New drugs will most likely be introduced over the next few years and will probably be different for relapsing and refractory patients.
Studies on neurokinin antagonists. 1. The design of novel tripeptides possessing glutaminyl-D-tryptophylphenylalanine sequence as substance P antagonists (1992)

To discover a novel and low molecular weight substance P (SP) antagonist we postulated that the essential binding domain of peptide ligands was only a small portion in the whole structure. On the basis of this assumption, we selected the known octapeptide SP antagonist D-Pro-Gln-Gln-D-Trp-Phe-D-Trp-D-Trp-Phe-NH2 (1) as a lead and synthesized its fragment tripeptides which were evaluated for their activity to block 3H-SP binding on guinea pig lung membranes. The protected tripeptide N alpha-[N alpha-[N alpha-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-glutaminyl]-N1-formyl-D-tryptophyl]- L-phenylalanine benzyl ester [Boc-Gln-D-Trp(CHO)-Phe-OBzl (4a)], corresponding to the Gln-D-Trp-Phe part of 1, exhibited 7-fold potent inhibitory activity in comparison with 1. Studies on structure-activity relationships revealed that the D-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and benzyl ester were quite important to maintain the high binding affinity. It was also indicated that 4a antagonized the SP-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea strips (IC50 = 4.7 x 10(-6) M).
Antithrombin histidine variants <sup>1</sup>H NMR resonance assignments and functional properties (1994)

Three variants of the 57.5 kDa human plasma proteinase inhibitor antithrombin, H1Q, H65C, and H120C, have been expressed in baby hamster kidney cells to permit assignment of the 1H NMR resonances from the three histidines and evaluation of the role of these histidines in heparin binding. The NMR assignments have enabled more definitive interpretation of previous NMR-based studies of human antithrombin to be made. Although resonances of all three histidines are perturbed by heparin binding, only histidine 120 plays a significant role in the heparin binding site. The perturbations of resonances from histidines 1 and 65 indicate proximity to the heparin binding site and consequent sensitivity to the presence of heparin.
Acute Ischemic Stroke (2004)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Fast-track insonation protocol: key to acute stroke TCD Yield and accuracy of TCD TCD occlusion criteria TCD grading system to measure residual flow TCD monitoring Combined diagnostic TCD and CT to guide stroke therapy Therapeutic TCD Conclusion
Pinus densiflora extract protects human skin fibroblasts against UVB-induced photoaging by inhibiting the expression of MMPs and increasing type I procollagen expression (2014)

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can cause skin photoaging, which is associated with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and downregulation of collagen synthesis. It has been reported that MMPs, especially MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9, decrease the elasticity of the dermis by degrading collagen. In this study, we assessed the effects of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> extract (PDE) on photoaging and investigated its mechanism of action in human skin fibroblast (Hs68) cells after UVB exposure using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and enzymatic activity assays. PDE exhibited an antioxidant activity and inhibited elastase activities in vitro. We also found that PDE inhibited UVB-induced cytotoxicity, MMP-1 production and expression of MMP-1, -3 and -9 <i>mRNA</i> in Hs68 cells. In addition, PDE decreased UVB-induced MMP-2 activity and MMP-2 <i>mRNA</i> expression. Moreover, PDE prevented the decrease of type I procollagen mediated by exposure to UVB irradiation, an effect that is linked to the upregulation and downregulation of Smad3 and Smad7, respectively. Another effect of UV irradiation is to stimulate activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity via overexpression of c-Jun/c-Fos, which, in turn, upregulates MMP-1, -3, and -9. In this study, we found that PDE suppressed UV-induced c-Jun and c-Fos <i>mRNA</i> expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PDE regulates UVB-induced expression of MMPs and type I procollagen synthesis by inhibiting AP-1 activity and restoring impaired Smad signaling, suggesting that PDE may be useful as an effective anti-photoaging agent.
Tympanometric Evaluation of Middle Ear Function in Children with Otitis Media (1994)

Current tympanometry instruments allow a quantitative approach to the evaluation of middle ear function in children with otitis media. Conventional 226-Hz tympanograms can be characterized by static admittance, tympanometric width (gradient), tympanometric peak pressure, and equivalent volume. Multifrequency tympanograms obtained with probe frequencies ranging from 226 to 2,000 Hz appear to be sensitive to sequelae of otitis media that are not detected by conventional tympanometry or audiometry.
HLA/KIR Restraint of HIV: Surviving the Fittest (2011)

Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, and more recently the killer cell immunoglobulin-like (KIR) locus has been implicated in differential responses to the virus. Genome-wide association studies have convincingly shown that the HLA class I locus is the most significant host genetic contributor to the variation in HIV control, underscoring a central role for CD8 T cells in resistance to the virus. However, both genetic and functional data indicate that part of the HLA effect on HIV is due to interactions between KIR and HLA genes, also implicating natural killer cells in defense against viral infection and viral expansion prior to initiation of an adaptive response. We review the HLA and KIR associations with HIV disease and the progress that has been made in understanding the mechanisms that explain these associations.
Optimal long-term unit commitment in large scale systems including fuel constrained thermal and pumped-storage hydro (1989)

A method is discussed for solving a long-term unit commitment problem in a large-scale power system consisting of three types of units (1) thermal, (2) fuel-constrained thermal, and (3) pumped-storage hydro. In such a system, a long-term schedule ranging from one week to one month must be determined, because the LNG/LPG fuel is assigned to the fuel-constrained unit at weekly or monthly intervals owing to contractual restrictions and also because the operating cycle of the pumped-storage unit is one week for economical reasons. The subgradient method using the Lagrangian relaxation for a daily unit commitment is not suitable to the long-term problem, since the convergence to the dual maximum is not so good. To overcome this defect, the authors develop an algorithm for dual maximization based on the variable metric method. A numerical example is given that validates the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Environmentally Sensitive Single-Molecule Fluorophores (2004)

The development of new fluorescent dyes for use in single-molecule imaging is an important challenge due to the numerous problems in biomolecular and materials science that can benefit from measurements at the level of individual molecules. A new class of fluorophores has been described recently that is not only well suited for single-molecule imaging but also shows strong sensitivity to the local environment. These molecules, known as the DCDHFs, contain an amine donor and a dicyanodihydrofuran acceptor linked by a conjugated unit (benzene, thiophene, styrene). The environmental sensitivity of these dyes can be characterized through bulk spectroscopic and fluorescence measurements as a function of solvent and solvent viscosity. Excited state lifetime data for single DCDHF molecules in polymers also demonstrate the value of the DCDHFs as probes of their local environment. To further understand the behavior, a series of electronic structure calculations have been completed, which yield insight into how certain twists within the DCDHF molecule may affect radiative and nonradiative processes. These insights will help direct synthetic modifications in the molecular structure to improve the environmental sensitivity and fluorescence quantum yield of these single-molecule probes.
Cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan synthesis in Escherichia coli (1982)

The cellular pool levels of most of the cytoplasmic precursors of peptidoglycan synthesis were determined for normally growing cells of Escherichia coli K-12. In particular, a convenient method for analyzing the uridine nucleotide precursor contents was developed by associating gel filtration and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography techniques. The enzymatic parameters of the four synthetases which catalyze the stepwise addition of L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, and D-alanyl-D-alanine to uridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramic acid were determined. It was noteworthy that the pool levels of L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, and D-alanyl-D-alanine were much higher than the Km values determined for these substrates, whereas the molar concentrations of the uridine nucleotide precursors were lower than or about the same order of magnitude as the corresponding Km values. Taking into consideration the data obtained, an attempt was made to compare the in vitro activities of the D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, and D-alanyl-D-alanine adding enzymes with their in vivo functioning, expressed by the amounts of peptidoglycan synthesized. The results also suggested that these adding activities were not in excess in the cell under normal growth conditions, but their amounts appeared adjusted to the requirements of peptidoglycan synthesis. Under the different in vitro conditions considered, only low levels of L-alanine adding activity were observed.
Friction and Stick-Slip Durability Testing of ATF (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent commercial specification revisions for automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) have focused upon more stringent friction requirements. More stringent friction durability characteristics are assessed using the SAE No. 2 tester. The commercial specifications do not include provisions to evaluate low speed friction characteristics, which have been shown to relate to torque converter shudder.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper focuses upon effective use of the Falex 6 Multispecimen Tester to evaluate friction durability and to evaluate low speed friction characteristics in conjunction with low speed friction apparatus (LVFA) testing. Falex 6 testing agreed with torque fade observed in SAE No. 2 tests. Low speed stick-slip durability characteristics were effectively differentiated for a number of field ATFs. Falex 6 testing coupled with LVFA testing was shown to correlate with field experience and other test methods related to torque converter shudder. Finally, a Variable Speed Friction Tester (VSFT) was developed to improve test method continuity and improve test quality.</div>
Reaction of natural rubber with hydrofluoric acid (1956)

Abstract In this article the reaction of natural rubber with hydrofluoric acid is described. It shows that both addition and cyclization occur in a competitive way. By carrying out the reaction at a low temperature, however, and using xylene as a solvent, cyclization could be forced back to a considerable extent. Products were obtained of which 65 to 70% of the double bonds were saturated with hydrofluoric acid. This addition product has a surprisingly good thermal stability and can be cured to a rubber with good mechanical characteristics, limited swelling power in aliphatic hydrocarbons, an absolute resistance to ozone, and a small permeability to gases. Its brittle point is rather high.
Independent consulting engineering (1984)

The paper follows the needs for advancement in industry and commerce from the mid-1600s. The development of the steam engine together with the coal-based technologies for smelting iron provided the basis for the Industrial Revolution. With the Industrial Revolution came the need for quicker means of transport; and the improvement of railways, roads, canals and harbours created the need for the services of those who could design engineering projects and supervise their construction. The progress of the early engineers in the 18th and 19th centuries began the struggle for better recognition in the various engineering professions, and thus the engineering societies and institutions emerged. The need for the general engineering abilities possessed by the early engineers became so demanding at the beginning of the 1800s that they assumed the role of consultants, and so followed the formation of firms of consulting engineers. The paper discusses the formation of organisations representing the interests of the engineering consultant at the beginning of the 20th century, and proceeds by discussing the role of the consulting engineer outside the UK. Finally, the author examines the prospects for British consulting engineers.
Holey reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for high performance room temperature gas sensing (2014)

Holey reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets were formed by one-pot hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide (GO) at a dilute concentration (0.25 mg ml−1). The holes were generated through a carbon gasification reaction with the steam created in the hydrothermal system. The perforated structure provides not only sufficient active sites for molecule adsorption, but also provides channels for gas diffusion. Thus, the sensor based on the networks, which were constructed from the perforated RGO nanosheets, exhibited an enhanced sensitivity to toxic NO2 gas at ppb level, surpassing the performance of the annealed RGO. Interestingly, the polarity of the holey RGO transformed from p-mode to n-mode after exposure to NH3 and a repeatable sensing to NH3 within-mode nanoporous RGO was observed. The results demonstrate that structure modification of RGO through perforation is a promising approach for improving the sensing performance. Furthermore, the perforated RGO obtained through a one-pot hydrothermal process can be used for high performance gas sensing at room temperature, demonstrating its practical application in flexible and wearable gas sensors based on the good mechanical flexibility of RGO.
Virtues of Practice (2003)

Abstract This chapter discusses moral epistemology from a virtue ethical perspective, rejecting an account of virtuous agent as oracle, and replacing it with a virtue ethical kind of dialogic ethics.
Cyclin D1 Induction through IκB Kinase β/Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Is Responsible for Arsenite-Induced Increased Cell Cycle G1-S Phase Transition in Human Keratinocytes (2005)

Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenite is associated with an increased risk of human cancers, including skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract cancers. Although much evidence suggests that alterations in cell cycle machinery are implicated in the carcinogenic effect of arsenite, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle alterations are largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that exposure of human keratinocyte HaCat cells to arsenite resulted in the promotion of cell cycle progression, especially G(1)-S transition. Further studies found that arsenite exposure was able to induce cyclin D1 expression. The induction of cyclin D1 by arsenite required nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, because the inhibition of IkappaB phosphorylation by overexpression of the dominant-negative mutant, IKKbeta-KM, impaired arsenite-induced cyclin D1 expression and G1-S transition. The requirement of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) for cyclin D1 induction was further confirmed by the findings that arsenite-induced cyclin D1 expression was totally blocked in IKKbeta knockout (IKKbeta(-/-)) mouse embryo fibroblasts. In addition, knockdown of cyclin D1 expression using cyclin D1-specific small interference RNA significantly blocked arsenite-induced cell cycle progression in HaCat cells. Taken together, our results show that arsenite-induced cell cycle from G(1) to S phase transition is through IKKbeta/NF-kappaB/cyclin D1-dependent pathway.
A new approach for opto-electronic/MEMS packaging (2003)

Opto-electronic and MEMS packages require unique capabilities over and above traditional hermetic multichip modules. In addition to hermeticity or vacuum atmosphere, opto-electronic systems require direct input/output of optical, RF and other sensitive signals through the package using fiber-optic, coaxial and/or other interconnection approaches. Precise optical component alignment and accurate thermal management is critical to achieve component and system performance capabilities. Furthermore, to improve MEMS functionality, performance and service life, a suitable getter and/or dopant is required compatible with the hermetic/vacuum package atmosphere. The getter/dopant is usually activated after achieving hermetic or vacuum atmosphere. A comprehensive MEMS packaging approach is introduced based on photo-patterned thick film metallization, LTCC, brazing technology and new feed-through approaches. The new methodology incorporates most reported MEMS packaging requirements for proven performance, reliability, low cost and mass production capabilities.
Spatial and temporal expression of fibril‐forming minor collagen genes (types V and XI) during fracture healing (1997)

Skeletal development involves the coordinated participation of several types of collagen, including both major and minor fibrillar collagens. Although much is known about the major fibrillar collagens, such as types I and II, less is known about the minor fibrillar collagens, and their role in the repair and regeneration of bone has not been extensively studied. To clarify the role of minor fibrillar collagens in fracture repair, we examined the spatial and temporal expression of mRNAs for pro-alpha 2(V) collagen and pro-alpha 1(XI) collagen in healing fractures in the rat by in situ hybridization and compared their patterns of expression with those of mRNAs for pro-alpha 1(I) collagen, pro-alpha 1(II) collagen, and osteocalcin. A strong signal for pro-alpha 2(V) was detected in the periosteal osteoprogenitor cells, whereas osteocalcin mRNA was strongly expressed only in the deep layers of the hard callus. The distribution of the pro-alpha 2(V) signal was correlated with that of pro-alpha 1(I) but was mutually exclusive of that of pro-alpha 1(II). The expression of pro-alpha 1(XI) mRNA was synchronously regulated with that of pro-alpha 1(II) during chondrogenesis in the soft callus. In the hard callus, pro-alpha 1(XI) signal was found in osteoblastic cells at the site of intramembranous and endochondral ossification. These cells simultaneously expressed pro-alpha 2(V), although they were negative for pro-alpha 1(II). These findings suggest that the alpha 2(V) collagen chain participates in the formation of the noncartilaginous fibrillar network in the hard callus and preferentially contributes to the initial stage of the intramembranous bone formation. Recent reports have revealed that type-XI collagen, which had been classified as a cartilage-type collagen, is not necessarily specific for cartilage. The present results advanced this recognition and demonstrated a coexpression of alpha 1(XI) mRNA and alpha 2(V) mRNA in the noncartilaginous tissues in the fracture callus; this suggests the presence of tissue-specific and stage-specific heterotrimers consisting of alpha 1(XI) and alpha 2(V) collagen chains and the association of such hybrid trimers with the major fibrillar collagens in the process of fracture healing.
Analytical Model Predictive Control (2000)

This presentation deals with the model predictive controllers that admit an analytical solution. In particular, short horizon and long(infinite) horizon controllers are considered. A general model predictive control(MPC) law is formulated, and it is then shown that in special cases the MPC law leads to the following: