gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid‐derived natural products. Part II: Reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes (2007)

Plant natural products derived from phenylalanine and the phenylpropanoid pathways are impressive in their chemical diversity and are the result of plant evolution, which has selected for the acquisition of large repertoires of pigments, structural and defensive compounds, all derived from a phenylpropanoid backbone via the plant-specific phenylpropanoid pathway. These compounds are important in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses and thus can have large impacts on agricultural productivity. While plant-based medicines containing phenylpropanoid-derived active components have long been used by humans, the benefits of specific flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid-derived compounds to human health and their potential for long-term health benefits have only been recognized more recently. In this part of the review, we discuss in detail the recent strategies and achievements used in the reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes in an effort to be able to attain higher amounts of the desired flavonoids and stilbenoids exploiting their beneficial properties as analyzed extensively in Part I of this review.
Increased conception rate in dairy cows after early post partum administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha THAM (1984)

Commercial dairy cows were given a routine injection of dinoprost tromethamine (prostaglandin F2 alpha THAM) in the early post partum period. The first service conception rate of 64 cows given a single 25 mg injection of dinoprost during the period 14 to 28 days after calving was 68 per cent, that of 64 untreated controls was 43 per cent. The difference was highly significant at the level P = 0.007. In cows with no blood progesterone and with basal progesterone concentrations at the time of treatment, indicating absence of an active corpus luteum, the mean conception rates for 30 treated and 38 control cows were 70 and 44 per cent, respectively, demonstrating that this is not a luteolytic effect. Although that implies a positive myometrial effect, the interval from calving to first service was not shortened in treated cows.
Excipients of preservative-free latanoprost induced inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in immortalized human HCE-2 corneal epithelial cells. (2014)

Various preservative-free eye drop formulations for glaucoma treatment have been marketed intending to decrease ocular surface side effects and improve tolerability. However, preservative-free eye drops including different solubilizers to dissolve the antiglaucoma drugs may induce detrimental effects in the eye. In this study, we exposed human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-2) for 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours to the first preservative-free (PF) tafluprost (Taflotan<sup>®</sup>), the recently-launched preservative-free (PF) latanoprost (Monoprost<sup>®</sup>), preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) and the excipient macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate 40 (MGHS40) using dilutions 0.1%, 0.3%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 10.0% of the original products. The cells also were exposed to undiluted PF tafluprost and PF latanoprost once a day for 9 days. Cellular morphology was examined by light microscopy and cell proliferation by Ki-67 fluorescent staining with cell viability being determined by erythrosine staining and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Mitochondrial metabolic activity was evaluated with the colorimetric MTT assay. The secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured with ELISA. HCE-2 cells displayed no significant morphological changes after PF tafluprost treatment, but PF latanoprost caused clear cell loss. Moreover, PF latanoprost, BAK and MGHS40 evoked cellular damage and inflammation with increasing concentrations and time. Furthermore, undiluted daily PF latanoprost application significantly increased LDH release and IL-6 secretion as compared to PF tafluprost. MGHS40 was observed to be associated with the toxicity of PF latanoprost. Excipients in ocular drops should receive more attention in the future, since they seem to trigger similar detrimental effects in cells as preservatives.
Condições higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos de comercialização de carnes nos Mercados Públicos de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE (2011)

Considerando a importância sanitária e social da comercialização da carne, neste trabalho objetivou-se  realizar um levantamento das condições higiênico-sanitárias nos estabelecimentos que comercializam carnes em Mercados Públicos do município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Região Metropolitana do Recife – PE, e avaliar o conhecimento dos comerciantes e consumidores de carne destes locais, referente à segurança alimentar. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de observações e questionários aplicados aos comerciantes e consumidores de carne durante a comercialização deste produto. Os principais resultados encontrados no quesito comércio revelaram a precária infra-estrutura, má higienização e ausência de organização nos Mercados em questão. Quanto aos consumidores, para a maioria deles, constatou-se pouco esclarecimento referente às doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA’s). Por meio dos resultados obtidos através da pesquisa, torna-se clara a necessidade de capacitação periódica dos comerciantes questionados frente às boas práticas de higiene e manipulação de carnes e derivados, além da implementação de campanhas sócio-educativas que exponham à população a prevenção e os perigos da ingestão de alimentos que possam veicular doenças através do consumo dos mesmos.
Power penalty due to optical back reflection in semiconductor optical amplifier repeater systems (1990)

The effect of optical back-reflection on the bit-error-rate performance of a semiconductor laser amplifier repeater system is evaluated at 565 Mb/s. It is found that the degradation of the back-reflection is mainly caused by multiple reflection in the amplifier and depends on the internal gain of the optical amplifier and the reflectivity of the reflection points. It is concluded that in optical amplifier repeater systems with large gain, an optical isolator should be used to reduce the back-reflection penalty.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoantibody targeting of brain and intestinal transglutaminase in gluten ataxia (2006)

Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies are present in the gut and brain of patients with gluten ataxia with or without an enteropathy in a similar fashion to patients with celiac disease, latent celiac disease, and dermatitis herpetiformis but not in ataxia control subjects. This finding strengthens the contention that gluten ataxia is immune mediated and belongs to the same spectrum of gluten sensitivity as celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Testing and debugging functional reactive programming (2017)

Many types of interactive applications, including video games, raise particular challenges when it comes to testing and debugging. Reasons include de-facto lack of reproducibility and difficulties of automatically generating suitable test data. This paper demonstrates that certain variants of Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) implemented in pure functional languages can mitigate such difficulties by offering referential transparency at the level of whole programs. This opens up for a multi-pronged approach for assisting with testing and debugging that works across platforms, including assertions based on temporal logic, recording and replaying of runs (also from deployed code), and automated random testing using QuickCheck. The approach has been validated on real, non-trivial games implemented in the FRP system Yampa through a tool providing a convenient Graphical User Interface that allows the execution of the code under scrutiny to be controlled, moving along the execution time line, and pin-pointing of violations of assertions on PCs as well as mobile platforms.
Back-EMF estimation based sensorless control of PMSM: robustness with respect to measurement errors and inverter irregularities (2004)

In this paper, the influence of measurement errors and inverter irregularities on performances of sensorless control is studied. The control algorithm is based on the back-EMF estimation whose robustness with respect to the machine parameter uncertainties was already studied Mobarakeh, BN et al., (2001) by supposing that current measurements and the power stage are ideal. Here, these hypotheses are canceled and we show analytically and experimentally that the control performances at low speed are highly affected by the imperfection of the electronic components. We also present the interest of on-line stator resistance estimation improving the sensorless control performances in spite of the presence of above disturbances.
Diagnosis of Endometriosis (1997)

The diagnosis of endometriosis is based on the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and direct or indirect evidence of cyclic bleeding. Clinically three entities can be distinguished: the peritoneal implant, the endometrial cyst and the deep-nodular lesion. Laparoscopy and biopsy remain the gold standard for diagnosis, but in addition attention should be paid to the detection of functional activity, such as bleeding, by non-invasive techniques.
Advanced Power SiP with Wireless Bonding for Voltage Regulators (2007)

An advanced power system in package (SiP) for voltage regulators is presented; it offers the world's lowest power dissipation of 4.4 W at 1 MHz, with an output voltage of 1.3 V and an output current of 25 A. Its package resistance is 88% lower due to using Cu leads for the bonding, which reduces the spreading resistance of the MOSFET. The diode loss is 43% lower due to using a Schottky barrier diode incorporated into the low-side MOSFET. The thermal resistance is also 43% lower due to using a large topside Cu lead.
Subsets and overrelaxation in iterative image reconstruction (1999)

A number of iterative image reconstruction algorithms were integrated into one formula characterizing each algorithm by only two parameters: overrelaxation and number of subsets. From the formula it follows that the ordered-subsets iteration (OS-EM) is equivalent to iteration with overrelaxation, where the OS level corresponds to the overrelaxation parameter. Algorithms represented by the formula were studied with respect to speed of convergence and image characteristics. In particular, OS-EM was compared with a single-projection iteration procedure using an optimized sequence of overrelaxation parameters (HOSP) which combines rapid convergence with reduced storage requirements. As a result, OS-EM with a constant number of subsets either needed more iteration steps than HOSP or provoked additional noise, depending on the number of subsets used during iteration. OS-EM can be improved by using decreasing OS levels, imitating the decreasing overrelaxation parameters used for HOSP. The resulting OS-EM may be slightly more rapid than HOSP, due to the increasing number of projections used simultaneously.
Antiviral Action of Mouse Interferon in Heterologous Cells (1966)

Buckler, Charles E. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), and Samuel Baron. Antiviral action of mouse interferon in heterologous cells. J. Bacteriol. 91:231-235. 1966.-The antiviral action of mouse interferon in cell cultures of mouse, hamster, rat, chicken, and monkey origin was investigated. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plaque reduction test, we found that mouse serum interferon, assayed on closely related rat or hamster cells, exerted 5% of its homologous antiviral activity. This activity was characterized as interferon by its temperature of inactivation, trypsin sensitivity, nonsedimentability, stability at pH 2, lack of inactivation by antibody to virus, and inability to be washed off cells. In the more distantly related chicken and monkey cells, mouse interferon had less than 0.1% of its homologous activity. Conflicting reports of heterologous activity of chicken and mouse interferon preparations may result in part from the observed action of noninterferon inhibitors of vaccinia virus. These inhibitors, like interferon, are stable at pH 2. They are present in mouse serum, mouse lung extracts, and allantoic fluid, and they prevent the development of vaccinia plaques when allowed to remain in contact with cells during virus growth. Unlike interferon the inhibitors are removed by adequate washing of cells prior to virus challenge, and they are not active in the VSV assay system. These findings reemphasize the need for thorough characterization of interferon preparations.
FLYING WING CONCEPT FOR MEDIUM SIZE AIRPLANE (2002)

This paper describes a study on an alternate configuration for medium size airplane. Blended-Wing-Body concept, which basically is a flying wing configuration, is applied to airplane for up to 224 passengers. An aerodynamic design tools system is proposed to realize such configuration. The design tools comprise of Takanashi’s inverse method, constrained target pressure specification method and RAPID method. The study shows that the combination of those three design methods works well.
Lipid—Protein Interaction at an Emulsified Oil Surface: Protein Structures and Their Roles in Lipid Binding (1996)

Adsorption of proteins on emulsified oil surfaces is an important step in emulsification by proteins. Although the adsorption is mainly caused by hydrophobic interaction between protein molecules and oil, the molecular structure of the oil-binding site in adsorbed proteins is still obscure. We have applied various biochemical and immunochemical methods to reveal the protein structure at an emulsified oil surface. The results obtained by those studies using as 1-casein, β-lactoglobulin, serum albumin and lactophorin suggested that the amphiphilic helix structure present in these protein molecules is likely to play a role in lipid-protein interaction at the surface. The importance of the amphiphilic helix was also evaluated using synthetic peptides with different amphiphilic structure.
Making texts in electronic health records comprehensible to consumers: a prototype translator. (2007)

Narrative reports from electronic health records are a major source of content for personal health records. We designed and implemented a prototype text translator to make these reports more comprehensible to consumers. The translator identifies difficult terms, replaces them with easier synonyms, and generates and inserts explanatory texts for them. In feasibility testing, the application was used to translate 9 clinical reports. Majority (68.8%) of text replacements and insertions were deemed correct and helpful by expert review. User evaluation demonstrated a non-statistically significant trend toward better comprehension when translation is provided (p=0.15).
Task planning for highly automated driving (2015)

A hybrid planning approach is presented in this paper with the focus of integrating task planning and motion planning for highly automated driving. In the context of task planning, the vehicle and environment states are transformed from the continuous configuration space to a discrete state space. A planning problem is solved by a search algorithm for an optimal task sequence to reach the goal conditions in the symbolic space, regarding constraints such as space topology, place occupation, and traffic rules. Each task can be mapped to a specific driving maneuver and solved with a dedicated motion planning method in the continuous configuration space. The task planning approach not only bridges the gap between high-level navigation and low-level motion planning, but also provides a modular domain description that can be developed and verified individually. Our task planner for automated driving is evaluated in several scenarios with prior knowledge about the road-map and sensing range of the vehicle. Behavior that is otherwise complex to achieve is planned according to traffic rules and re-planned regarding the on-line perception.
Dietary supplement creatine protects against traumatic brain injury (2000)

Creatine, one of the most common food supplements used by individuals at almost every level of athleticism, promote gains in performance, strength, and fat-free mass. Recent experimental findings have demonstrated that creatine affords significant neuroprotection against ischemic and oxidative insults. The present experiments investigated the possible effect of creatine dietary supplementation on brain tissue damage after experimental traumatic brain injury. Results demonstrate that chronic administration of creatine ameliorated the extent of cortical damage by as much as 36% in mice and 50% in rats. Protection seems to be related to creatine-induced maintenance of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly increased, intramitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species and calcium were significantly decreased, and adenosine triphosphate levels were maintained. Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition was significantly inhibited in animals fed creatine. This food supplement may provide clues to the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss after traumatic brain injury and may find use as a neuroprotective agent against acute and delayed neurodegenerative processes.
<title>Demodulator for interferometric sensors</title> (1999)

A new type of demodulator is described which uses direct sampling of the optical power to measure the sine and the cosine of the signal phase in the presence of a sinusoid modulation. The modulation sinusoid is also held at the optimum modulation depth and sampling phase.
Expressions for item fill rates in periodic inventory systems (1995)

We examine the problem of estimating the item fill rate in a periodic inventory system. We show that the traditional expressions for line item fill rate, found in many operations management textbooks, perform well for high fill rates (above 90%), but they consistently underestimate the true fill rate. The problem of underestimation becomes significant as the fill rate falls below 90% and is greatly amplified in cases with very low fill rates (below 50%). We review other more accurate expressions for fill rate, discussing their relative merits. We then develop an exact fill rate expression that is robust for both high and low fill rates. We compare the new expression to others found in the literature via an extensive set of simulation experiments using data that reflect actual inventory systems found at Hewlett-Packard. We also examine the robustness of the expressions to violations in the underlying assumptions. Finally, we develop an alternative fill rate expression that is robust for cases of high demand variability where product returns are allowed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Outcome Measures for Patients with Head Injuries: Report of the Outcome Measures Subcommittee (1996)

The Outcome Measures Subcommittee of the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS) I lead Injury Centers recommended a research battery for following patients with head injuries from the early stages of recovery through rehabilitation. The battery includes measures of orientation and posttraumatic amnesia (I'TA); measures of cognitive, motor, and neurobehavioral impairment; and measures of disability and handicap. Structured interviews are employed to assess preinjury status and the patient's status at each assessment point as seen by the patient and by a significant other. Assessment as a function of severity of head injury and primary language, end points for assessment, quality control and data management, retention of patients, and the role of the neuropsychology technician are discussed.
Crystal structure of streptokinase β‐domain (1999)

Streptokinase, a 47 kDa secreted protein of hemolytic strains of streptococci, is a human plasminogen activator and contains three structural domains linked by flexible loops. We describe here the crystal structure of the isolated streptokinase middle (SKbeta) domain determined at 2.4 A resolution. Among the functionally important structural features is a putative binding site for a kringle domain of plasminogen located at the tip of a fully exposed hairpin loop. The distribution of genetically conserved residues of SKbeta is strongly correlated with their functions. The extensive interface of the SKbeta dimer suggests that such dimers may also exist in solution for free SKbeta.
Purification of 5′-O-Trityl-on Oligoribonucleotides. Investigation of Phosphate Migration During Purification and Detritylation. (1996)

Abstract Synthetic oligoribonucleotides (RNA) are efficiently prepared with 2′-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl nucleoside 3′-O-phosphoramidites with labile base-protection; Admf or APac, Gdmf, Cibu, U. After cleavage from the polystyrene support, the exocyclic amine protecting groups are removed with conc. NH4OH: ethanol/3:1 by heating at 55°C for 3–5 h. The 2′-O- silyl protecting groups are removed with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in THF or more conveniently with neat triethylamine trihydrofluoride. To gain the advantages of increased capacity on reverse phase HPLC and the convenience of cartridge based purification (OPC, Oligonucleotide Purification Cartridge), the 5′ trityl was left on the RNA as the final protecting group to be removed. The mild conditions which are effective for trityl removal are shown to preserve 3′-5′ phosphate linkage integrity in RNA. The absence of phosphate migration is demonstrated by model studies, utilizing N4 -isobutyryl-5′-O-DMT-3′-O-TBDMS-2′-O-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) as a control monomer and digestion by 3′-5′ selective P1 nuclease and alkaline phosphatase and HPLC analysis. Oligoribonucleotides were analyzed by Microgel capillary electrophoresis, anion-exchange HPLC, and the enzymatic digest/HPLC method. Dedicated to Professor Yoshihisa Mizuno on his 75th birthday Notes Dedicated to Professor Yoshihisa Mizuno on his 75th birthday
Relation between Glutamine Synthetase and Nitrogenase Activities in the Symbiotic Association between <i>Rhizobium japonicum</i> and <i>Glycine max</i> (1976)

The activity and extent of adenylylation of glutamine synthetase was examined in both free-living and bacteroid forms of Rhizobium japonicum in the presence of excess ammonia. Ammonia caused an apparent repression of glutamine synthetase in free-living R. japonicum and adenylylation of the enzyme was also increased. In contrast, neither the activity nor the extent of adenylylation of the bacteroid enzyme was consistently affected by ammonium treatment of bacteroid suspensions. Similar results were obtained after ammonium treatment of soybean plants even though nitrogenase activity was reduced markedly. We have been unable to demonstrate ammonium repression of nitrogenase activity in R. japonicum-Glycine max symbiotic association that is mediated through bacteroid glutamine synthetase. This result is in contrast to the situation in nitrogen-fixing strains of Klebsiella where a role of glutamine synthetase in the regulation of nitrogenase has been reported.