gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Denitrification in human dental plaque (2010)

Increases of NO concentrations were in the range of effective concentrations for NO signalling to human host cells and, thus, may locally affect blood flow, signalling between nerves and inflammatory processes in the gum. This is specifically significant for the understanding of periodontal diseases, where NO has been shown to play a key role, but where gingival cells are believed to be the only source of NO. More generally, this study establishes denitrification by human-associated microbial communities as a significant metabolic pathway which, due to concurrent NO formation, provides a basis for symbiotic interactions.
Detection of the HI-j Strain of Salmonella typhi among Korean Isolates by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1994)

Salmonella typhi, the etiologic agent of typhoid fever, typically has only a phase-1 flagellar antigen, H1-d (fliC). While most strains of S. typhi have H1-d antigen, 10-20% of Indonesian isolates have been reported to possess H1-j antigen instead. To investigate the presence H1-j strains of S. typhi isolates in Korea, where typhoid fever is still a common infectious problem, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a pair of oligonucleotides primers that specifically amplified the flagellin gene of S. typhi. Of 375 isolates of S. typhi tested, only one was shown to possess the H1-j antigen, which was shown by the presence of a 1,269-basepair fragment on agarose gel electrophoresis after the PCR. The isolate with the H1-j antigen was cultured from a Korean-Indonesian man who was already symptomatic in Indonesia and was thought to be an Indonesian strain. Because 375 strains tested in this study were collected from cases with typhoid fever in different regions of Korea during the period from 1986 to 1991, it could be concluded that the mutation rate to j antigen is negligible among S. typhi endemic in Korea.
67‐3: Bottom‐Gate ELA Poly‐Si TFT for High‐Resolution AMOLED Mobile Displays (2016)

We developed bottom‐gate poly‐Si TFTs (BGPs) using ELA for high resolution AMOLED. The BGPs based on our novel process to solve the disconnection of poly‐Si during ELA crystallization have better reliability characteristics such as breakdown voltage (BV) and kink effect compared with the conventional top‐gate poly‐Si TFTs.
Biometric watermark authentication with multiple verification rule (2003)

The paper describes a biometric watermarking procedure for accurate facial signature authentication. The multiple decision rules of watermark and facial signatures are formulated to map a pattern in an overlapping region between classes to a separable disjoint one. The decision rule of the watermark signature, which is uniquely assigned to a face image, reduces uncertainty in assuming the missing patterns of unknown intruder classes. The present algorithm incorporating multiple signatures improves a recognition error rate from 2.29% to 0.07%. The watermarking approach has attained robustness to various attacks and transformation by focusing on salient facial features.
A Novel High Specific Surface Area Conducting Paper Material Composed of Polypyrrole and Cladophora Cellulose (2008)

We present a novel conducting polypyrrole-based composite material, obtained by polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of iron(III) chloride on a cellulose substrate derived from the environmentally polluting Cladophora sp. algae. The material, which was doped with chloride ions, was molded into paper sheets and characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, N 2 gas adsorption analysis, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and conductivity measurements at varying relative humidities. The specific surface area of the composite was found to be 57 m (2)/g and the fibrous structure of the Cladophora cellulose remained intact even after a 50 nm thick layer of polypyrrole had been coated on the cellulose fibers. The composite could be repeatedly used for electrochemically controlled extraction and desorption of chloride and an ion exchanging capacity of 370 C per g of composite was obtained as a result of the high surface area of the cellulose substrate. The influence of the oxidation and reduction potentials on the chloride ion exchange capacity and the nucleation of delocalized positive charges, forming conductive paths in the polypyrrole film, was also investigated. The creation of conductive paths during oxidation followed an effective medium rather than a percolative behavior, indicating that some conduction paths survive the polymer reduction steps. The present high surface area material should be well-suited for use in, e.g., electrochemically controlled ion exchange or separation devices, as well as sensors based on the fact that the material is compact, light, mechanically stable, and moldable into paper sheets.
Efficient Hybrid Photovoltaic-Photothermal Solar Conversion System With Cogeneration (1985)

A new type of concentrating photovoltaic-photothermal solar conversion system with output cogeneration is presented. This technique, called total solar cogeneration (TSC), converts the total solar spectrum directly and cogenerates the output into three energy components: high-temperature heat (HT), photovoltaic electricity (PV), and low-temperature heat (LT). A specially designed heat-mirror with a beam-splitting technique is used to direct a selected portion of the solar spectrum to a HT evacuated-tube receiver. This high-grade heat transfer is optimized, while effectively maintaining the integrity of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. High-current A.S.E.C. silicon solar cells (nominally 18.3% efficient at 28°C and 35x) are used. An analysis of heat-mirror transmittance profiles has led to an optimized theoretical parametric model profile, that in a TSC system is capable of delivering HT heat with 39% efficiency, while reducing PV efficiency by only 3.4%. In an experimental TSC concentrating module using a dielectric-Au-dielectric multilayer heat-mirror with optical losses, the projected output is HT heat (150°-250°C) at 17.8% efficiency, 12 V d.c. PV electricity at 9.5%, and LT heat (50°-70°C) at 41.9%, with a total cogenerated output efficiency of 69%.
Publicly Private and Privately Public: Social Networking on YouTube (2007)

YouTube is a public video-sharing website where people can experience varying degrees of engagement with videos, ranging from casual viewing to sharing videos in order to maintain social relationships. Based on a one-year ethnographic project, this article analyzes how YouTube participants developed and maintained social networks by manipulating physical and interpretive access to their videos. The analysis reveals how circulating and sharing videos reflects different social relationships among youth. It also identifies varying degrees of “publicness” in video sharing. Some participants exhibited “publicly private” behavior, in which video makers’ identities were revealed, but content was relatively private because it was not widely accessed. In contrast, “privately public” behavior involved sharing widely accessible content with many viewers, while limiting access to detailed information about video producers’ identities.
DSP-based compensation of non-linear impairments in 100 Gb/s PolMux QPSK (2010)

PolMux QPSK has emerged as the solution of choice for the first commercial implementations of 100 Gb/s transmission systems. Thanks to coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP), linear distortions such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) can in principle be completely compensated for. And indeed, effective algorithms have been devised and extensively investigate that allow CD- and PMD-resilient transmission of 100 Gb/s over long distances, leaving optical noise accumulation and non-linear impairments as the factors ultimately limiting reach. In this paper, we present the evaluation of a simple algorithm to compensate for intra-channel Kerr non-linearity (both intra- and cross-polarisation) arising in the transmission of PolMux QPSK signals at 100 Gb/s.
The conformation of the main immunogenic region on the α‐subunit of muscle acetylcholine receptor is affected by neighboring receptor subunits (2000)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is caused by autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Experiments with fetal (alpha(2)betagammadelta) and adult (alpha(2)betaepsilondelta) AChR and with recombinant subunit dimers showed that some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the main immunogenic region (MIR), located on the alpha-subunit of the AChR, bind better to fetal AChR and to alphagamma subunit dimer than to adult AChR and alphaepsilon dimer and equally to both alphabeta and alphadelta. However, other anti-MIR mAbs prefer adult AChR and alphaepsilon dimer, bind well to alphabeta but weakly to alphadelta. These results suggest that the MIR conformation is affected by the neighboring gamma/epsilon- and delta-subunits and may contribute to understanding the antibody specificities in MG.
Direct time integration of Maxwell's equations in linear dispersive media with absorption for scattering and propagation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses (1991)

We report the initial results for femtosecond pulse propagation and scattering interactions for a Lorentz medium obtained by a direct time integration of Maxwell's equations. The computational approach provides reflection coefficients accurate to better than 6 parts in 10,000 over the frequency range of dc to 3 × 1016 Hz for a single 0.2-fs Gaussian pulse incident upon a Lorentz-medium half-space. New results for Sommerfeld and Brillouin precursors are shown and compared with previous analyses. The present approach is robust and permits two-dimensional and three-dimensional electromagnetic pulse propagation directly from the full-vector Maxwell's equations.
Design and implementation of selective RTP translator (2002)

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) is a protocol for multimedia transport and works over the Network layer protocol, such as Internet Protocol. Multimedia transport by RTP is restricted among the networks which are routed. RTP Translator translates multimedia data from one network to the other network which are not routed directly. Translator defined in RTP specification translates multimedia data by unit of transport address. The unit of transport address is very large and the transportation by smaller unit is better for many applications. And the rule of modification of header in specification of RTP is vague and the application must modify the header voluntarily when the translation is necessary between private and global network. In this paper, Selective RTP Translator is proposed for solving these problems. Selective RTP Translator translates by small unit with modifying media quality and defines the rule of modification of header clearly.
The clpB gene of Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003: transcriptional analysis and first insights into stress induction (2005)

The so-called clp genes, which encode components of the Clp proteolytic complex, are widespread among bacteria. The Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003 genome contains a clpB gene with significant homology to predicted clpB genes from other members of the Actinobacteridae group. The heat- and osmotic-inducibility of the B. breve UCC 2003 clpB homologue was verified by slot-blot analysis, while Northern blot and primer extension analyses showed that the clpB gene is transcribed as a monocistronic unit with a single promoter. The role of a hspR homologue, known to control the regulation of clpB and dnaK gene expression in other high G+C content bacteria was investigated by gel mobility shift assays. Moreover the predicted 3D structure of HspR provides further insight into the binding mode of this protein to the clpB promoter region, and highlights the key amino acid residues believed to be involved in the protein-DNA interaction.
Supramolecular Helices via Self-Assembly of 8-Oxoguanosines (2003)

The cooperative effect of solvophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding has been exploited to self-assemble supramolecular helical architectures of 8-oxoguanosines in different environments. This self-assembly into helical structures is completely different from that of the parent guanosines which, in the same experimental conditions, form flat, ribbonlike structures. While optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction suggest a chiral columnar aggregate in the LC phase, NMR and Circular Dichroism reveal the presence of a helical structures in solution. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy made it possible to visualize hexagonally arranged G-quartets on graphite, which are sections of the helices packed with their long axis perpendicular to the basal plane of the substrate. Due to their rectifying electrical properties, such helices are interesting for fabricating (opto)electronic biodevices.
Vitrification Solutions for the Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Bone (2004)

Vitrification solutions were explored for the cryopreservation of tissue-engineered bone constructs using differential scanning calorimetry, visual inspection, toxicity and viability assays. Two vitrification "cocktails" (VS55 and VEG; concentration range of 80–100%)—40% (vol/vol) DMSO and 40% (vol/vol) glycerol solutions—were studied with and without an ice blocker (IB). Results show that 95% VEG + IB solution is the best option to preserve the OB:HA scaffold-cell complex from the standpoint of critical cooling rate (5°C/min), critical warming rate (35°C/min), minimal scaffold damage, toxicity, and preliminary cryopreservation results (92.0% ± 1.4% for suspended cells, 43.0% ± 2.7% for attached cells). Ice blocker was found to reduce the critical warming rates of VS55 and VEG solutions at higher concentrations but worsen devitrification of lower concentration solutions. The fact that the critical cooling and warming rates are larger for larger systems as judged by visual inspection indicates that visual inspection is a reasonable practical guide to determine the critical cooling and warming rates for larger volume solutions, especially with embedded HA samples. Fracture of vitrified solutions is detrimental to cells, but such fracture should be avoidable by slow and uniform cooling combined with a minimum storage temperature just below the glass transition temperature rather than lower temperatures.
A Comprehensive Approach for A Smart Medication Dispense (2019)

This paper presents a comprehensive approach for a Smart Medicine Dispenser (SMD) prototype. The main purpose of the proposed system is to help patients, mainly seniors and elderly people, take their medications on time in an easy manner without the possibility of skipping pills and thus reducing the risk of accidental over/under dose treatment. Failing to take medications promptly can have serious consequences on patients including delay in recovery, occurrence of other illness and even death. The SMD could then help avoiding such serious health issues by alerting patients to take the appropriate dose of medicine at the right time. In addition, it provides a direct communication channel between patients and caregivers by immediately notifying them in case the patients miss their pills. This system will also be of great benefit to doctors, healthcare professionals, insurance and pharmaceutical companies, as it will log medication data and statistics that can be analyzed later. Moreover, the SMD provides patients and caregivers with a user-friendly touch interface available as an application on their smartphones which allow them to remotely manage and control the pill schedules and review medication adherence logs.
A high-brightness large-diameter graphene coated point cathode field emission electron source (2018)

There have been several long-standing problems of cold field emission sources for electron microscopy and lithography that have prevented their widespread use, such as their inherent ultrahigh vacuum condition requirement (<10<sup>-9</sup> torr), relatively poor current stability and rapid emission decay. This paper presents a cold field emission electron source which overcomes these problems based upon using a graphene-coated nickel point cathode. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that it provides stable emission for relatively large tip diameters (micron sizes), can operate in high vacuum conditions (>10<sup>-8</sup> torr) and has an ultralow work function value of 1.10 ± 0.07 eV. It has an estimated reduced brightness value of 1.46 × 10<sup>9</sup> A m<sup>-2</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> for cathode tip-radius of 170 nm and the measured energy spread ranges from 0.246 eV to 0.420 eV for a tip radii range of 260 nm to 500 nm, which is comparable to state-of-the-art conventional cold field emission sources.
Quartz Crystal Capacitive Sensor with Inductance–Capacitance Resonance Circuit for Vapor Sensing (2007)

Using a novel capacitive sensor, which we call a "quartz crystal capacitive sensor" (QCCS), the vapor sensing of acetaldehyde was performed. QCCS consists of a parallel plate capacitor and a quartz crystal oscillator, which has an inductance–capacitance (LC) resonance property. The developed sensor can indirectly convert the perturbation of the permittivity of sampled gas into the deviation of the oscillation frequency of the quartz crystal, and determine the characteristics of chemicals existing between the parallel plate with a high accuracy. The results of an organic vapor sensing test indicated that QCCS had a high sensitivity [6.1 ppm (30 Hz)] to the permittivity of acetaldehyde.
Refractive indices of InSb, InAs, GaSb, InAsxSb1−x, and In1−xGaxSb: Effects of free carriers (1997)

A detailed study of the refractive indices of the narrow-band-gap III–V semiconductors is presented. The calculation is based on a numerical Kramers–Kronig analysis of the carrier-related imaginary part of the dielectric function. The near-band-gap refractive index spectra of InSb, InAs, and GaSb for different free-carrier densities are obtained. The density dependence of the refractive index is analyzed and a comparison with the results from the Drude theory is performed. The refractive indices of In1−xGaxSb and InAsxSb1−x ternary alloys are also investigated. The obtained results are expected to be useful in the design optimization of the phase modulators and the laser diodes for midinfrared applications.
APPLICATION OF GASndashLIQUID TWO-PHASE CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION TO PILOT-SCALE METHANE FERMENTATION (1993)

ABSTRACT As part of a national project, “Aqua-Renaissance '90,” by the MITI, a pilot-scale evaluation of membrane-enhanced anaerobic fermentation, has progressed for the wastewater from a pulp and paper mill. A novel membrane filtration system was newly proposed with the aim of saving energy. That is, a gas-liquid two-phase cross-flow filtration which was generated with liquid circulation by an air-lift pump effect, was combined in the anaerobic bioreactor. It was confirmed that the membrane filtration not only offered very stable and large permeate flux, but enhanced the processing efficiency by retaining the microorganisms in the bioreactor. Furthermore, the power consumption per unit permeate volume in the membrane system of 1.78 kWh/m3 was achieved. which was a very highperformance result from the viewpoint of saving energy, as compared with 3ndash;5 kWh/m3 of conventional liquid single-phase cross-flow filtration.
Langmuir Probe Measurements of Nd-YAG Laser-Produced Copper Plasmas (2011)

The plasma was produced by focusing Nd-YAG laser pulses of 1064-nm wavelength and 10-ns duration onto a copper target. A time-resolving plane Langmuir probe was used to record the electron and ion currents during the plasma expansion in vacuum. The Langmuir probe theory was used to determine the temporal variation of the plasma potential, electron temperature, and ion density. At the time of maximum ion current, the estimated plasma potential, electron temperature, and ion density were 2.42 V, 3.28 eV, and 2.30 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , respectively. In addition, a time-of-flight signal was used to determine the ion density and velocity of the various ion components as a function of laser irradiance and probe angle w.r.t. target surface normal. For the range of laser irradiance, 4-13 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , we found an ion density in the range of 6.88 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> -2.64 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and an ion velocity in the range of 2.2-4.6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cm s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at the time of maximum ion current. In particular, the velocity of the fastest plume component was most affected by the irradiance. The estimated threshold irradiance for the onset of plasma was 3.95 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The experimental scaling laws for the variation of ion velocity and ion charge with the laser irradiance and probe angle were proposed.
Nonlinear interpolation of topic models for language model adaptation (1998)

Topic adaptation for language modeling is concerned with adjusting the probabilities in a language model to better reflect the expected frequencies of topical words for a new document. The language model to be adapted is usually built from large amounts of training text and is considered representative of the current domain. In order to adapt this model for a new document, the topic (or topics) of the new document are identified. Then, the probabilities of words that are more likely to occur in the identified topic(s) than in general are boosted, and the probabilities of words that are unlikely for the identified topic(s) are suppressed. We present
Design and Synthesis of a Potent and Selective Triazolone-Based Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonist (2003)

A new series of hPPARalpha agonists containing a 2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (triazolone) core is described leading to the discovery of 5 (LY518674), a highly potent and selective PPARalpha agonist.
Modeling Mixture Transport at the Nanoscale: Departure from Existing Paradigms (2008)

We present a novel theory of mixture transport in nanopores, which represents wall effects via a species-specific friction coefficient determined by its low density diffusion coefficient. Onsager coefficients from the theory are in good agreement with those from molecular dynamics simulation, when the nonuniformity of the density distribution is included. It is found that the commonly used assumption of a uniform density in the momentum balance is in serious error, as is also the traditional use of a mixture center of mass based frame of reference.