gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional self-reproducing robot (2002)

A design concept for one-dimensional self-reproducing robots is presented. A self-reproducing machine is composed of separable parts (cells) and possesses genetic data which contains information to decide the structure of the machine body. The design concept has the following characteristics: (1) the cells specialize themselves according to their position in the body; (2) the machine grows in size by capturing isolated cells, connecting them to its body, and transferring the genetic data to the captured cells: and (3) the machine splits apart in the middle and makes two independent halves after growing to twice its initial size. Experiments have demonstrated the self-reproduction of mobile robots, each of which is composed of multiple cells connected to one another in a row, one-dimensionally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physical activity in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Cross Sectional Study (2021)

Introduccin: La actividad fsica (AF) ha recibido un inters creciente como terapia adyuvante para los pacientes con enfermedades reumatolgicas. Sin embargo, existe escasa informacin sobre la AF realizada por los pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) de Paraguay. Objetivo: Analizar la AF de los pacientes con diagnstico de AR y los factores asociados a la realizacin de la misma. metodologa: El estudio fue transversal y los pacientes con AR fueron incluidos de forma consecutiva al momento de su control habitual con su reumatlogo tratante. La AF fue calculada con el GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) y se registraron variables sociodemogrficas y clnicas para analizar su relacin con la realizacin de AF. Resultados: Se incluy a 187 pacientes, de los cuales el 45,5% no fueron suficientemente activos considerando las recomendaciones de la Organizacin Mundial de la Salud (OMS). La edad, el sexo y el hipotiroidismo fueron las variables asociadas a la AF. Conclusin: En nuestro estudio se observ que una proporcin importante de pacientes con AR no realiz suficiente AF segn las recomendaciones de la OMS. Esto resalta la importancia de analizar los factores implicados en este resultado para lograr superarlos y encontrar estrategias que favorezcan la realizacin de AF regular.
An alfalfa cDNA encodes a protein with similarity to human snRNP-E (1992)

Journal Article An alfalfa cDNA encodes a protein with similarity to human snRNP-E Get access Heribert Hirt, Heribert Hirt Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anton Gartner, Anton Gartner Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Erwin Heberle-Bors Erwin Heberle-Bors Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 3, 11 February 1992, Page 613, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.3.613 Published: 11 February 1992 Article history Received: 16 December 1991 Published: 11 February 1992
On the performance of a rate 8/10 matched spectral null code for class-4 partial response (1992)

The authors present the application and performance of a rate 8/10 matched-spectral null (MSN) trellis code in conjunction with class-4 partial response (PR4) signaling. Details of the encoder and decoder functions are presented, as well as the reduced-complexity trellis structure underlying the Viterbi detector for the coded system. Implementation issues involved in the design of a VLSI chip embodying the encoder, decoder, and Viterbi detector for the trellis-coded system are discussed. Results of experiments using synthesized PR4 waveforms are presented, and it is shown that the rate 8/10 code can provide about a 3-dB advantage relative to the class-4 partial response maximum likelihood detection in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise as well as additive synthesized adjacent track interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The directed <i>ortho</i> metalation - palladium catalyzed cross coupling connection. A general regiospecific route to 9-phenanthrols and phenanthrenes. Exploratory further metalation (2000)

A new general and regiospecific synthesis of 9-phenanthrols (1 +2 [Formula: see text] 3 [Formula: see text] 4, Scheme 1, Table 1) proceeding by a Directed ortho Metalation (DoM), Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling, and a new LDA-mediated Directed remote Metalation sequence is described. The facile Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the phenanthrols 4 into the corresponding phenanthrenes 5 via their triflates 18 translates the original DoM regioselectivity also into a general synthesis of phenanthrenes (Table 2). Further DoM (19 [Formula: see text]20, 21; 24 [Formula: see text]25), cross coupling (20c [Formula: see text]23), as well as oxidation - ring contraction (4b, 4f [Formula: see text]28a, 28b) chemistry of phenanthrene derivatives is reported.Key words: 9-phenanthrols, directed ortho metalation, Suzuki cross coupling, synthesis.
The molecular logic of Notch signaling – a structural and biochemical perspective (2008)

The Notch signaling pathway constitutes an ancient and conserved mechanism for cell-cell communication in metazoan organisms, and has a central role both in development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Here, we summarize structural and biochemical advances that contribute new insights into three central facets of canonical Notch signal transduction: (1) ligand recognition, (2) autoinhibition and the switch from protease resistance to protease sensitivity, and (3) the mechanism of nuclear-complex assembly and the induction of target-gene transcription. These advances set the stage for future mechanistic studies investigating ligand-dependent activation of Notch receptors, and serve as a foundation for the development of mechanism-based inhibitors of signaling in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Local Failure and Margin Status in Early-Stage Breast Carcinoma Treated with Conservation Surgery and Radiation Therapy (1993)

Objective The authors determined whether microscopically positive surgical margins are detrimental to the outcome of early stage breast cancer patients treated with conservation surgery and radiation therapy. Summary Background Data The optimal extent of breast surgery required for patients treated with conservation surgery and radiation therapy has not been established. To achieve breast preservation with good cosmesis, it is desirable to resect as little normal tissue as possible. However, it is critical that the resection does not leave behind a tumor burden that cannot be adequately managed by moderate doses of radiation. It is not known whether microscopically positive surgical margins are detrimental to patient outcome. Methods The records of 259 consecutive women (262 breasts) treated with local excision (complete removal of gross tumor with a margin) and axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy for clinical stage I and II infiltrating ductal breast cancer at Duke University Medical Center and the University of North Carolina between 1983 and 1988 were reviewed. Surgical margins were considered positive if tumor extended to the inked margins; otherwise the margins were considered negative. Margins that could not be determined, either because the original pathology report did not comment on margins, or because the original specimen had not been inked were called indeterminate. Results Of the 262 tumors, 32 (12%) had positive margins, 132 (50%) had negative margins, and the remaining 98 (38%) had indeterminate margins. There were 11 (4%) local failures; 3/32 (9%) from the positive margin group, 2/132 (1.5%) from the negative margin group, and 6/98 (6%) from the indeterminate group. The actuarial local failure rates at 5 years were 10%, 2%, and 10% respectively, p = 0.014 positive vs. negative, p = 0.08 positive vs. indeterminate (log rank test). Margin Status had no impact on survival or freedom from distant metastasis; 63 patients who originally had positive or indeterminate margins were re-excised, Two or 7 with positive margins after re-excision versus 1/56 rendered margin negative had a local recurrence. Conclusions The authors recommend re-excision for patients with positive margins because of Improvd local control of those rendered margin negative and identification of those patients at high risk for local failure (those who remain positive after re-excision). Because margin status impacts on local control, tumor margins after conservation surgery should be accurately determined in all patients.
EVALUATION IN COMMUNITY WORK (Part II) (1968)

Journal Article EVALUATION IN COMMUNITY WORK (Part II) Get access GEORGE LOVELL, GEORGE LOVELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GRAHAM RICHES GRAHAM RICHES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Community Development Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 17–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/3.1.17 Published: 01 January 1968
Progress in the understanding and treatment of chronic anal fissure (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Chronic anal fissure is a common and painful condition associated with internal anal sphincter hypertonia. Reduction of this hypertonia improves the local blood supply, encouraging fissure healing. Surgical sphincterotomy is very successful at healing these fissures but requires an operation with associated morbidity. Temporary reduction in sphincter tone can be achieved on an outpatient basis by applying a topical nitric oxide donor (for example, glyceryl trinitrate) or injecting botulinum toxin into the anal sphincter. <h3>METHODS</h3> A Medline database was used to perform a literature search for articles relating to the non-surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Review of the literature shows botulinum toxin injection to be more effective at healing chronic anal fissures than topical glyceryl trinitrate. Topical isosorbide dinitrate has not been directly compared with either of these two agents but has a healing rate approaching that of botulinum toxin injection. The main side effect of botulinum toxin injection is temporary faecal incontinence in approximately 2% of cases, whereas topical nitrates cause headaches in 20%–100% of cases. No long term side effects were identified with any of the medical treatments. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Chemical sphincterotomy is an effective treatment for chronic anal fissure and has the advantages over surgical treatment of avoiding long term complications (notably incontinence) and not requiring hospitalisation.
Genotype × Environment Interactions, Heritability, and Trait Correlations of Sinapate Ester Content in Winter Rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (2006)

Improving the meal and protein quality for feed and food purposes is of increasing importance in canola ( Brassica napus L.). The phenolic acid ester content contributes to the bitter taste, astringency, and dark color of rapeseed meal products. The predominant phenolic acid esters are sinapate esters (SE), which make up 1 to 2% of the seed dry matter. The objective of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation and the genotype × environment interactions for SE content and composition in three populations of doubled haploid lines. The populations were grown in three to four environments in Germany. The following SE were analyzed by HPLC: sinapoylcholine (sinapine), sinapoylglucose, and a minor group of other SE which includes sinapate. The three populations showed a highly significant variation for the total SE content, and sinapine was the predominant sinapate ester compound. The analysis of variance showed highly significant effects for the genotype (G), the environment (E) and the G × E interactions for all three populations. In two of the populations the G × E interaction variance components were less than half of the genetic variance, in one population it was slightly higher. The estimates for heritability of the individual and total SE were generally high and ranged from 0.57 to 0.93. A reduction of sinapate ester content was not associated with a change in oil, protein, and glucosinolate content.
Silicon Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal and its Applications (2001)

Photonic crystals are periodically engineered ''materials'' which are the photonic analogues of electronic crystals. Much like electronic crystal, photonic crystal materials can have a variety of crystal symmetries, such as simple-cubic, closed-packed, Wurtzite and diamond-like crystals. These structures were first proposed in late 1980's. However, due mainly to fabrication difficulties, working photonic crystals in the near-infrared and visible wavelengths are only just emerging. In this article, we review the construction of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals of different symmetries at infrared and optical wavelengths using advanced semiconductor processing. We further demonstrate that this process lends itself to the creation of line defects (linear waveguides) and point defects (micro-cavities), which are the most basic building blocks for optical signal processing, filtering and routing.
Mesoporous carbon originated from non-permanent porous MOFs for gas storage and CO2/CH4 separation (2014)

Four nanoporous carbons prepared by direct carbonization of non-permanent highly porous MOF [Zn3(BTC)2 · (H2O)3]n without any additional carbon precursors. The carbonization temperature plays an important role in the pore structures of the resultant carbons. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of four carbon materials vary from 464 to 1671 m(2) g(-1) for different carbonization temperature. All the four carbon materials showed a mesoporous structure centered at ca. 3 nm, high surface area and good physicochemical stability. Hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide sorption measurements indicated that the C1000 has good gas uptake capabilities. The excess H2 uptake at 77 K and 17.9 bar can reach 32.9 mg g(-1) and the total uptake is high to 45 mg g(-1). Meanwhile, at 95 bar, the total CH4 uptake can reach as high as 208 mg g(-1). Moreover the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) prediction exhibited exceptionally high adsorption selectivity for CO2/CH4 in an equimolar mixture at 298 K and 1 bar (S(ads) = 27) which is significantly higher than that of some porous materials in the similar condition.
Defect-induced magnetism in graphene (2007)

We study from first principles the magnetism in graphene induced by single carbon atom defects. For two types of defects considered in our study, the hydrogen chemisorption defect and the vacancy defect, the itinerant magnetism due to the defect-induced extended states has been observed. Calculated magnetic moments are equal to $1{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per hydrogen chemisorption defect and $1.12--1.53{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per vacancy defect depending on the defect concentration. The coupling between the magnetic moments is either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic, depending on whether the defects correspond to the same or to different hexagonal sublattices of the graphene lattice, respectively. The relevance of itinerant magnetism in graphene to the high-${T}_{C}$ magnetic ordering is discussed.
In vitro validation of  -secretase inhibitors alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2008)

Short-term treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines with gamma-secretase inhibitors had limited effects on cell proliferation and survival. Combinations of gamma-secretase inhibitors with other drugs may be required to obtain efficient therapeutic effects in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and not all combinations may be useful.
Health effects of extremely low-frequency (50 and 60 Hz) electric and magnetic fields (1993)

The author provides assistance to the scientific and technical community in putting the subject into perspective while the furor in the media over health effects of low-frequency fields abates. The voltages and currents generated within the human body are detailed. The values of directly applied voltages and currents that occur when a person comes into contact with energized conductors, which are hazardous to humans, are compared with the nonhazardous induced voltages and currents. An overview of the animal, cell, and human research and the epidemiological studies is presented. The positions taken by the various concerned groups are indicated. The existing standards and values that have been developed by consensus groups are presented. Continuation of research is advocated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electron resonance studies of occluded polymer radicals (1958)

D. J. E. Ingram, M. C. R. Symons and M. G. Townsend, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 409 DOI: 10.1039/TF9585400409
Studies in Organosilicon Chemistry. XXXV. Preparation of Certain Olefinic and Alkylsilanes (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Organosilicon Chemistry. XXXV. Preparation of Certain Olefinic and AlkylsilanesLEONARD D. NASIAK and HOWARD W. POSTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 4, 489–496Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01086a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01086a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antennas (1982)

A moment method solution to the problem of input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antenna elements is presented. The formulation uses the grounded dielectric slab Green's function to account rigorously for the presence of the substrate and surface waves. Both entire basis (EB) and piecewise sinosoidal (PWS) expansion modes are used, and their relative advantages are noted. Calculations of input impedance and mutual coupling are compared with measured data and other calculatious.
Generalization accuracy of probabilistic neural networks compared with backpropagation networks (2002)

The authors demonstrate that probabilistic neural networks (PNN) and backpropagation networks (BPN) generalize comparably for a wide variety of low- and high-dimensional artificial databases. A training time advantage is most important when exploring new databases and preprocessing techniques to determine classification accuracies for potential applications. Since it is demonstrated that classification accuracy can be determined equally well using either PNN and BPN, it is advantageous to use PNN for this stage of a classification project. It is during this phase that most of the effort goes into training a network and a relatively small amount of effort goes into testing and evaluating the accuracy of the network. The PNN is based on the Bayes strategy for decision making and Parzen window estimation, and is asymptotically Bayes-optimal within a given feature space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the performance of HTS microstrip quasi-elliptic function filters for mobile communications application (2000)

The low-loss and high-selective high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filters can enhance performance of mobile communications systems. In this paper, we summarize a recent progress of novel HTS preselect bandpass filters that have been developed for a European research project. The objective of the project is to construct an HTS-based transceiver for mast-mounted DCS1800 base stations. The HTS preselect receive filters have been designed to have a quasi-elliptic function response in order to provide low insertion loss and very steep rolloff at the filter band edges. The filters cover a 15-MHz sub-band of a receive band, which ranges from 1710 to 1785 MHz. The filters have been fabricated using double-sided YBCO thin films on 03-mm-thick MgO or 0.5-mm-thick LAO substrates. The latest experimental results of the filters, including those encapsulated with a low-noise amplifier in an RF module are presented, showing very promising performance. The issues associated with asymmetric frequency response are investigated to improve the filter performance.
Effect of <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-Acyl Chain Length on the Membrane-Modifying Properties of Synthetic Analogs of the Lipopeptaibol Trichogin GA IV (1996)

Trichogin GA IV, an 11-residue lipopeptaibol blocked at the N-terminus by an n-octanoyl group and at the C-terminus by a 1,2-amino alcohol (l-leucinol), extracted from the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum, exhibits remarkable membrane-modifying properties. We have synthesized trichogin GA IV and several [l-Leu-OMe11] analogs carrying at the N-terminus an acyl chain of variable length (C2−C8, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18). A succinoylated head-to-head dimer was also prepared. A conformational analysis, carried out by FTIR absorption, CD, and NMR, showed that the right-handed helical structure of the natural lipopeptaibol is essentially preserved in all its analogs. Permeability measurements revealed that at least six carbon atoms in the Nα-blocking fatty acyl moiety are required for the onset of significant membrane-modifying properties. Also the head-to-head dimer is remarkably active. Possible models for the mechanism of membrane permeability of trichogin GA IV are discussed.
Pullout Problem: Stress versus Fracture Mechanical Approach (1990)

The pullout of a single fiber from a brittle matrix is widely recognized as one of the basic tests to be performed to provide information about the expected behavior of a given fiber‐reinforced brittle matrix composite material. Thus, it is of great importance that the pullout test be interpreted in a way that yields the true material parameters. Two approaches to the fiber/matrix debonding problem can be made: (1) The stress approach where the criterion for growth of the debonded fiber/matrix interface is expressed in terms of the interfacial stress; and (2) the fracture mechanical approach where the criterion for interfacial debonding is expressed in terms of energy equilibrium. This paper investigates these two approaches by applying both to the same model, which includes frictional stresses on the debonded interface. The debonding load‐versus‐crack length relationships predicted by the two approaches are compared and differences in the parametric dependency are discussed. The results predicted by the fracture mechanical approach are compared with available experimental results.