gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind estimation of the arterial input function in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI using purity maximization (2012)

Uncertainty in arterial input function (AIF) estimation is one of the major errors in the quantification of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. A blind source separation algorithm was proposed to determine the AIF by selecting the voxel time course with maximum purity, which represents a minimal contamination from partial volume effects. Simulations were performed to assess the partial volume effect on the purity of AIF, the estimation accuracy of the AIF, and the influence of purity on the derived kinetic parameters. In vivo data were acquired from six patients with hypopharyngeal cancer and eight rats with brain tumor. Results showed that in simulation the AIF with the highest purity is closest to the true AIF. In patients, the manually selection had reduced purity, which could lead to underestimations of K(trans) and V(e) and an overestimation of V(p) when compared with those obtained by the proposed blind source separation algorithm. The derived kinetic parameters in the tumor were more susceptible to the changes in purity when compared with those in the muscle. The animal experiment demonstrated good reproducibility in blind source separation-AIF derived parameters. In conclusion, the blind source separation method is feasible and reproducible to identify the voxel with the tracer concentration time course closest to the true AIF.
Rotating photoelectrode for electrochemical study of the products of photochemical reactions (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRotating photoelectrode for electrochemical study of the products of photochemical reactionsDennis C. Johnson and Edward W. ResnickCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 3, 637–640Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60311a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60311a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Better, more cost-effective intake interviews (1998)

The Patient Interview Support Application (PISA) combines natural-language processing with a knowledge base to let clerks conduct medical intake interviews, rather than physicians or triage nurses. More complete medical records result, leading to improved physician-patient interaction and more cost-effective care.
Blue-Laser Readout Properties of Super Resolution Near Field Structure Disc with Inorganic Write-Once Recording Layer (2003)

A novel inorganic write-once recording material SbNx (antimony nitride) was proposed for super resolution near field structure (super-RENS) discs. The layer structure is polycarbonate substrate (0.6 mm)/ZnS–SiO2 (170 nm)/AgOx (15 nm)/ZnS–SiO2 (40 nm)/SbNx (25 nm)/Ag (100 nm)/UV-curing resin/dummy PC substrate (0.6 mm). The recording layer with high-contrast characteristics enhanced the readout signal, which was compared with that of conventional phase-change materials. The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 150 nm mark length was about 44.2 dB at a readout power of 2.5 mW using blue laser. A below-diffraction-limited mark length as short as 60 nm can be readout using blue laser of 405 nm with a lens having a numerical aperture of 0.65.
An Architectural Framework for Browser based Real-Time Communications (RTC) (2011)

This document defines an architectural framework for browser-based
real-time communications (RTC). We propose a media component model,
where the browser provides an API abstraction which models media
components and connections. The underlying protocols within the
browser provide for a minimum set of functionality related to
transport of media.
Resolution of Racemic Alcohols into Optical Isomers (1972)

The review analyses two classes of methods for the resolution of racemic alcohols into optical isomers: resolution by the synthesis and separation of diastereoisomeric derivatives and resolution without the formation or isolation of diastereoisomers. The fundamental classical studies on the resolution of racemic alcohols are noted. Attention has been concentrated on modern trends and modifications based on the latest advances in organic chemistry. It has been shown that the application of physicochemical methods leads to fundamentally new possibilities for the resolution of racemic alcohols. The bibliography includes 128 references.
Realtime Audio to Score Alignment for Polyphonic Music Instruments, using Sparse Non-Negative Constraints and Hierarchical HMMS (2006)

We present a new method for realtime alignment of audio to score for polyphonic music signals. In this paper, we will be focusing mostly on the multiple-pitch observation algorithm proposed based on realtime non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints and hierarchical hidden Markov models for sequential modeling using particle filtering for decoding. The proposed algorithm has the advantage of having an explicit instrument model for pitch obtained through unsupervised learning as well as access to single note contribution probabilities which construct a complex chord instead of modeling the chord as one event
Configuration and characteristics estimation of a W-CDMA experimental system for third generation mobile communications (2002)

The authors have developed a wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) experimental system as a step toward the deployment of a third generation mobile communications system. The purpose of the system development is to evaluate the performance of the system as a total mobile communications system. This paper provides an overview of the experimental system, highlights some of the key technologies applied in the system-air interface layers 1, 2, and 3, ATM transmission, and packet transmission-and presents some results obtained from our characteristic estimation.
A Magnetic Resonance-based Seed Localization Method for I-125 Prostate Implants (2007)

This study was performed to develop and evaluate a semi-automatic seed localization algorithm from magnetic resonance (MR) images for interstitial prostate brachytherapy. The computerized tomography (CT) and MR images (3 mm-slice thickness) of six patients who had received real-time MR imaging-guided interstitial prostate brachytherapy were obtained. An automatic seed localization method was performed on CT images to obtain seed coordinates, and an algorithm for seed localization from MR images of the prostate was developed and tested. The resultant seed distributions from MR images were then compared to CT-derived distribution by matching the same seeds and calculating percent volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose and the extent of the volume in 3-dimensions. The semiautomatic seed localization method made it possible to extract more than 90% of the seeds with either less than 8% of noises or 3% of missing seeds. The mean volume difference obtained from CT and MR receiving 100% of the prescribed dose was less than 3%. The maximum extent of the volume receiving the prescribed dose were 0.3, 0.6, and 0.2 cm in x, y, and z directions, respectively. These results indicate that the algorithm is very useful in identifying seeds from MR image for post-implant dosimety.
Reservation-based Network-on-Chip Timing Models for Large-scale Architectural Simulation (2012)

Architectural simulation is an essential tool when it comes to evaluating the design of future many-core chips. However, reproducing all the components of such complex systems precisely would require unreasonable amounts of computing power. Hence, a trade off between accuracy and compute time is needed. For this reason most state-of-the-art tools do not have accurate models for the networks-on-chip, and rely on timing models that permit fast-simulation. Generally, these models are very simplistic and disregard contention for the use of network resources. As the number of nodes in the network-on-chip grows, fluctuations with contention and other parameters can considerably affect the accuracy of such models. In this paper we present and evaluate a collection of timing models based on a reservation scheme which consider the contention for the use of network resources. These models provide results quickly while being more accurate than simple no-contention approaches.
Sleep-wake disturbances 3 years after traumatic brain injury (2010)

This prospective study shows that 3 years after TBI, two out of three patients suffer from residual SWD, particularly fatigue and post-traumatic hypersomnia. In 45% of TBI patients, SWD appear directly related to the trauma itself.
The novel <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> two‐component regulator BfmR controls bacteriophage‐mediated lysis and DNA release during biofilm development through PhdA (2011)

Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular (e)DNA, with eDNA required for biofilm formation and integrity. Here we demonstrate that eDNA release is controlled by BfmR, a regulator essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. Expression of bfmR coincided with localized cell death and DNA release, and could be stimulated by conditions resulting in membrane perturbation and cell lysis. ΔbfmR mutant biofilms demonstrated increased cell lysis and eDNA release suggesting BfmR to suppress, but not eliminate, these processes. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that BfmR was required for repression of genes associated with bacteriophage assembly and bacteriophage-mediated lysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of direct BfmR targets identified the promoter of PA0691, termed here phdA, encoding a previously undescribed homologue of the prevent-host-death (Phd) family of proteins. Lack of phdA expression coincided with impaired biofilm development and increased cell death, a phenotype comparable to ΔbfmR. Expression of phdA in ΔbfmR restored eDNA release, cell lysis and biofilm formation to wild-type levels, with phdA overexpression promoting resistance to the superinfective bacteriophage Pf4, detected only in biofilms. Therefore, we propose that BfmR regulates biofilm development by limiting bacteriophage-mediated lysis and thus, eDNA release, via PhdA.
Editorial The mental health costs of motor vehicle accidents (1999)

(1999). Editorial The mental health costs of motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Mental Health: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3-5.
Pouring reproducible gradients in gels under computer control: new devices for simultaneous delivery of two independent gradients, for more flexible slope and pH range of immobilized pH gradients. (1984)

Recently we described (Electrophoresis 5: 143-147, 1984) a new device for producing density and solute gradients, involving computer-controlled coöperation of stepmotor-driven high-precision burettes, the purpose being to substantially improve reproducibility, flexibility, and documentation of gradients used in gels and in other applications in biochemistry. Here we present the functional principle of three modified and partly alternative devices, based on simultaneous delivery of a density gradient and a non-density gradient. They provide unlimited flexibility of choice for the slope of the non-density gradient, which is stabilized by the density gradient. They seem especially useful for pouring immobilized pH gradients in gels of wide pH ranges (between pH 3.5 and 10) where localized flattening of the gradient is needed to selectively improve resolution. Used in two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis, they should considerably improve control of spot coördinates, standardization of the technique, and interlaboratory data exchange.
Cyclosporin A inhibits an initial step in folding of transferrin within the endoplasmic reticulum (1991)

As resolved by electrophoresis in non-reducing SDS gels, transferrin newly made in Hep G2 cells migrates as a very diffuse set of species. During a subsequent 1-h chase all transferrin polypeptides are converted to a single, rapidly migrating species. These changes in gel mobility are due to alterations in the pattern of disulfide bonding, are not caused by carbohydrate processing, and occur while the protein is in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cyclosporin A causes an approximately 10-min lag in transferrin folding, after which folding resumes at the normal rate. Cyclosporin A also retards transferrin maturation from the endoplasmic reticulum and its secretion, at concentrations that do not affect secretion of other hepatoma proteins. Neither FK506 nor rapamycin affect transferrin folding. We conclude that an initial stage in transferrin folding is accelerated by an endoplasmic reticulum peptidyl-proline isomerase that is inhibited by cyclosporin A.
Laser Transmitters for 70-MHz Entrance Links (1979)

Lightwave transmitters providing an amplitude-modulated light output from injection lasers have been designed and tested. Six transmitters were assembled using GaAlAs double-heterostructure lasers and displaying (i) third-order intermodulation products >26 dB below the fundamental at 80-percent modulation index and 0.6 to 0.8 m W average optical output, (ii) excess noise ratios <1.5 dB; and (iii) frequency response within ±0.6 dB from 0.1 to 100 MHz. These transmitters were burned-in at room temperature for 300 h and used with entrance links in a satellite experiment.
Mutuality measures corresponding to subjective judgment of similarity and matching (1999)

In this paper matching measures corresponding to subjective judgment, which are calculated from two fuzzy sets, are examined through psychological experiments, in conjunction with examination of the similarity measures that have already been studied. We execute three separate psychological experiments that consist of subjective rating tasks of similarity and matching, and identification of membership functions. Results show the following two conclusions clearly: 1) indices related to distance between two fuzzy sets along element axis correspond to subjective judgment of similarity, this result confirms Yoshikawa-Nishimura's results (1996); and 2) same indices also correspond to subjective judgment of matching. Moreover, the results reveal the following two tendencies: 1) human can distinguish between two different concepts, similarity and matching; and 2) all the indices adopted in this study are functional as matching measures rather as similarity measures.
The Effects of Cryopreservation on Human Hepatocytes Obtained from Different Sources of Liver Tissue (2005)

Successful cryopreservation of human hepatocytes is important to establish hepatocyte banks for clinical use or in vitro research. The availability of donor tissue from unused liver segments/lobes and non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) has provided newer sources of hepatocytes. The quality of hepatocytes at the time of cryopreservation is important as cells isolated from liver tissue of borderline quality may not withstand the stresses associated with cryopreservation and subsequent thawing. Human hepatocytes were cryopreserved after isolation from mainly donor tissues (n = 40). In vitro assessment of the viability and function of the fresh and thawed cryopreserved hepatocytes was performed. Viability, attachment efficiency, enzyme activity, and albumin production of hepatocytes were all significantly decreased, and LDH leakage significantly increased, on thawing after cryopreservation. The viability of cryopreserved hepatocytes isolated from tissue rejected for orthotopic liver transplantation (36 +/- 15%) was significantly lower than those isolated from tissue where part was used for liver transplantation (47 +/- 14%, p = 0.002), but there were no significant differences in functional parameters. The viability of cryopreserved hepatocytes isolated from NHBD tissue (29 +/- 9%, p = 0.001) and from steatotic donor tissue (35 +/- 11%, p = 0.019) was significantly lower than those isolated from normal donor tissue (49 +/- 14%). There was no difference in functional parameters, except for albumin production of hepatocytes from NHBD tissue (2.9 +/- 1.0 microg/h/mg protein) being significantly lower than those from normal donor tissue (4.8 +/- 2.8 microg/h/mg protein, p = 0.03). The viability and attachment efficiency of cryopreserved hepatocytes isolated from liver tissue from resections for tumors was significantly higher, and the LDH leakage significantly lower, than those isolated from all donor tissue. Hepatocytes isolated from NHBD and steatotic tissue were more vulnerable to the effects of cryopreservation. Further research is required to improve hepatocyte isolation and cryopreservation protocols for different types of liver tissue.
Immune response in the lungs following oral immunization with bacterial lysates of respiratory pathogens (1994)

We have investigated the local immune response of the BALB/c mouse respiratory tract after oral immunization with a bacterial lysate of seven common respiratory pathogens. After two immunization on five consecutive days, we examined the immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G [IgG], IgM, and IgA) secretion rates of cells isolated from the lungs and compared them with those of spleen cells of orally immunized and nonimmunized animals by using a new test system based on time-resolved fluorescence. The procedure followed the principle of the classical ELISPOT test with nitrocellulose-bottomed microtiter plates, but europium (Eu3+)-linked streptavidin rather than enzyme-conjugated streptavidin was used, with the advantage of quantifying secreted immunoglobulins instead of detecting single antibody-secreting cells. Lymphocytes isolated from the lungs of treated animals revealed significant increases in total and antigen-specific IgA synthesis compared with the rates of the controls, whereas IgG and IgM production rates showed no remarkable differences. In addition, the sera of treated mice revealed higher antigen-specific IgA titers but not increased IgM and IgG levels. We conclude that priming the gut-associated lymphoid tissue with bacterial antigens of pneumotropic microorganisms can elicit an enhanced IgA response in a distant mucosal effector site, such as the respiratory tract, according to the concept of a common mucosa-associated immune system.
<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Palladium Complexes as Organometallic Catalysts for Bioorthogonal Cross-Coupling Reactions (2014)

A small library of water-soluble N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilized palladium complexes was prepared and applied for cross-couplings of biomolecules under mild conditions in water. Pd-NHC complexes bearing hydrophilic groups were demonstrated to be efficient catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of various unnatural amino acids and proteins bearing p-iodophenyl functional groups. We further utilized this catalytic system for the rapid bioorthogonal labeling of proteins on the surfaces of mammalian cells. These results demonstrated that NHC-stabilized metal complexes have potential utility in cellular systems.
High speed receiver designs based on surface acoustic wave devices (1984)

Abstract The principles of operation and several types of surface acoustic wave devices are reviewed. One device, the interdigital transducer device, can accomplish matched filtering for complex bandwidth‐efficient phase modulations. Data speeds in excess of 120 Mb/s are accomplished with existing thin film lithography. Filters are cheap and small, and show little mismatch to the desired response. A number of receiver designs are proposed that are based on these filters. A bank‐of‐matched‐filters approach seems superior to the Viterbi algorithm at high speeds.
Propofol reduces prolonged outpatient PACU stay. An analysis according to surgical procedure. (1995)

This study compared the effects of propofol anesthesia and nonpropofol general anesthetics on duration of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for prolonged drowsiness or nausea and vomiting following various surgical procedures. A group of 512 patients undergoing general anesthesia for a variety of outpatient surgical procedures over a 6-month period received general anesthesia with nitrous oxide, with or without propofol. Data collected from PACU records included type of surgical procedure and duration in the PACU of more than 2 hours owing to drowsiness or nausea and vomiting. Overall, patients who received propofol with nitrous oxide experienced less frequent drowsiness, nausea, or vomiting compared with patients who received nonpropofol anesthetic agents (drowsiness 12% vs 31%; nausea/vomiting 3% vs 25%). For patients undergoing gynecologic surgery, propofol anesthesia yielded an 8% incidence of prolonged PACU stay, compared with 41% for nonpropofol techniques. Similar results occurred for orthopedic surgery (15% vs 35%); for ear, nose, or throat procedures (30% vs 75%); and for ophthalmic surgery (18% vs 71%), but not for oral surgery (44% vs 64%). Most same-day surgery patients benefit from administration of propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Advantages include a decreased likelihood of a prolonged stay in the PACU as a result of drowsiness or nausea and vomiting.
Ingested (oral) SST inhibits EAE (2011)

Ingested (orally administered) SST can inhibit clinical disease, inhibit CNS inflammation by decreasing Th17 and Th1-like cytokines and increasing Th2-like cytokines in the CNS via induction of T(reg) cells.
Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐stimulated adenylyl cyclase isoform AC1 is preferentially expressed in guinea‐pig sino‐atrial node cells and modulates the <i>I</i><sub>f</sub> pacemaker current (2007)

Ca(2+)-stimulated adenylyl cyclases (AC) are known to play important roles in neurons but have not previously been reported in the heart. Here we present the first evidence for selective expression of Ca(2+)-stimulated AC in the sino-atrial node (SAN) but not in ventricular muscle of the guinea-pig heart. The AC1 isoform of Ca(2+)-stimulated AC was shown to be present in SAN, both as mRNA using RT-PCR and as protein using immuno-blotting with a specific antibody. Confocal immuno-fluorescence studies detected membrane localization of AC1 in SAN cells, but no AC1 in ventricular muscle. Ca(2+)-stimulated AC8 may also be present in SAN. The functional importance of AC activity was investigated by monitoring activation of I(f) (gated by hyperpolarization and regulated by cAMP, which shifts activation to more depolarized voltages). Basal activity of AC in isolated SAN myocytes was demonstrated by the observations that an inhibitor of AC activity (MDL 12330A, 10 microm) shifted activation in the hyperpolarizing direction, while inhibition of phosphodiesterases (IBMX, 100 microm) shifted I(f) activation in the depolarizing direction. Buffering cytosolic Ca(2+) with the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA (by exposure to BAPTA-AM) shifted activation of I(f) in the hyperpolarizing direction, and under these conditions the AC inhibitor MDL had little or no further effect. The actions of BAPTA were overcome by exposure to forskolin (10 microm), a direct stimulator of all AC isoforms, to restore cAMP levels. These effects are consistent with the functional importance of Ca(2+)-stimulated AC, which is expected to be fundamental to initiation and regulation of the heartbeat.