gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> 1021 <i>rrnA</i>-reporter gene fusions in response to cold shock (2002)

We previously reported that mutants of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 carrying luxAB insertions in each of the three 16S rRNA genes exhibited a dramatic (> or = 28-fold) increase in luminescence following a temperature downshift from 30 to 15 degrees C. These results raised the possibility that the rRNA operons (rrn) of S. meliloti were cold shock loci. In testing this possibility, we found that fusion of the S. meliloti 1021 rrnA promoter to two different reporter genes, luxAB and uidA, resulted in hybrid genes that were transiently upregulated (as measured by transcript accumulation) about four- to sixfold in response to a temperature downshift. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the rrn promoters are transiently upregulated in response to cold shock. However, much of the apparent cold shock regulation of the initial luxAB insertions was due to an unexpected mechanism: an apparent temperature-dependent inhibition of translation. Specifically, the rrnA sequences from +1 to +172 (relative to the start of transcription) were found to greatly decrease the ability of S. meliloti to translate hybrid rrn-luxAB transcripts into active protein at 30 degrees C. This effect, however, was largely eliminated at 15 degrees C. Possible mechanisms for the apparent transient increase in rrnA promoter activity and temperature-dependent inhibition of translation are discussed.
8-aminoquinolines effective against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo (1993)

The activities of 25 8-aminoquinolines were compared in tests assessing the ability of the compounds to inhibit the growth of Pneumocystis carinii in culture. Six compounds were effective at or below 0.03 microM: CDRI 80/53, NSC19894, NSC305805, NSC305812, WR182234, and primaquine. Four others were effective at between 0.2 and 0.03 microM: NSC305835, WR225448, WR238605, and WR242511. Fourteen drugs were also tested in a standard model of P. carinii pneumonia in rats at daily doses of 2 mg/kg of body weight in drinking water. CDRI 80/53, NSC305805, NSC305835, and WR225448 were extremely effective in the animal model. The effectiveness of WR238605, WR242511, and primaquine in the rat model has been reported elsewhere (M. S. Bartlett, S. F. Queener, R. R. Tidwell, W. K. Milhouse, J. D. Berman, W. Y. Ellis, and J. W. Smith, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:277-282, 1991). The length of the alkyl chain separating the nitrogens in the substituent at position 8 of the quinoline ring was a strong determinant of anti-P. carinii activity.
Role of Presenilins in Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Familial AD (FAD) mutations in presenilins have been linked to calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling abnormalities. To explain these results, we previously proposed that presenilins function as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) passive Ca(2+) leak channels. To directly investigate the role of presenilins in neuronal ER Ca(2+) homeostasis, we here performed a series of Ca(2+) imaging experiments with primary neuronal cultures from conditional presenilin double-knock-out mice (PS1(dTAG/dTAG), PS2(-/-)) and from triple-transgenic AD mice (KI-PS1(M146V), Thy1-APP(KM670/671NL), Thy1-tau(P301L)). Obtained results provided additional support to the hypothesis that presenilins function as ER Ca(2+) leak channels in neurons. Interestingly, we discovered that presenilins play a major role in ER Ca(2+) leak function in hippocampal but not in striatal neurons. We further discovered that, in hippocampal neurons, loss of presenilin-mediated ER Ca(2+) leak function was compensated by an increase in expression and function of ryanodine receptors (RyanRs). Long-term feeding of the RyanR inhibitor dantrolene to amyloid precursor protein-presenilin-1 mice (Thy1-APP(KM670/671NL), Thy1-PS1(L166P)) resulted in an increased amyloid load, loss of synaptic markers, and neuronal atrophy in hippocampal and cortical regions. These results indicate that disruption of ER Ca(2+) leak function of presenilins may play an important role in AD pathogenesis.
Service system fundamentals: Work system, value chain, and life cycle (2008)

Service systems produce all services of significance and scope, yet the concept of a service system is not well articulated in the service literature. This paper presents three interrelated frameworks as a first attempt to define the fundamentals of service systems. These frameworks identify basic building blocks and organize important attributes and change processes that apply across all service systems. Although relevant regardless of whether a service system uses information technology, the frameworks are also potentially useful in visualizing the realities of moving toward automated service architectures. This paper uses two examples, one largely manual and one highly automated, to illustrate the potential usefulness of the three frameworks, which can be applied together to describe, analyze, and study how service systems are created, how they operate, and how they evolve through a combination of planned and unplanned change.
Manganese porphyrins supported on montmorillonite as hydrocarbon mono-oxygenation catalysts: particular efficacy for linear alkane hydroxylation (1990)

A supported Mn–porphyrin catalyst has been prepared by immobilisation of the tetracationic Mn [meso-tetra (4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin]Cl4+ on montmorillonite, and is found to be efficient for alkene epoxidation and alkane hydroxylation by PhlO, with a higher ability to oxidize alkanes, and in particular short linear alkanes, than corresponding homogeneous or silica-supported Mn–porphyrin catalysts.
Retailing trends in the USA: competition, consumers, technology and the economy (1997)

Abstract During the past decade significant changes have been occurring in the US retail market. Among the principal changes are those in competition, consumers, technology and the economy. Changes in these areas are reflected in trends in retail practice. Reviews the underlying changes that have been occurring along with their corresponding retailing trends, which include micromarketing, globalization, new retail formats, quick response and ethnic retailing.
<title>Dynamic bandwidth allocation on SuperPON</title> (1999)

Currently, the first FSAN compliant ATM-based Passive Optical Networks (APON) are installed in the field. A possible evolution scenario for these types of access networks could be the so-called SuperPON system. The SuperPON system exploits all possible upgrades of an FSAN APON system. It comprises namely an upgrade on the following parameters: range: 100 km instead of 20 km; split: 2048 instead of 64; and bitrates: 2.4 Gbit/s downstream instead of 622 Mbit/s and 311 Mbit/s upstream instead of 155 Mbit/s. Due to these significant changes in system parameters, it becomes of the utmost importance to implement a dynamic Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol on the SuperPON, since the upstream bit rate is rather limited for such a large number of connected Optical Network Units. Main challenges specific to the SuperPON are the impact of long range and high number of users on the efficiency of the MAC protocol.
New applications of channel vocoders (1981)

Recent work in the field of speech digitization has led to the identification of a variety of new requirements for the speech terminal. Among these are the need for variable rate, robustness, very low rates, low cost, weight, and power. Coupled with these needs is the ever-present desire for higher quality systems. In this paper recent innovations in channel vocoders are described that pertain to these requirements and the conclusion is drawn that the channel vocoder has significant potential for fulfilling the above needs.
Hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with square lattice (2005)

Most works on photonic crystal fibers with a photonic bandgap are concerned with structures made of silica glass with a hexagonal lattice. However, there are many other possible choices for the crystal structure of the fiber. In this paper, we study the optical properties of photonic bandgaps in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with a square lattice fabricated from multi-component glass. A composition of oxides was chosen to obtain a refractive index contrast higher than in fused silica fibers. The core size of the fiber is 11 microns and the cladding is made of an array of 17 x 17 air capillaries. A full-vector mode solver using the biorthonormal basis method is employed to analyze the modal properties of the fiber. We verify the guiding properties of the fiber by FDTD simulations. The transmission properties for several lengths of the fiber were measured by using broadband light from a nanosecond-pulse supercontinuum source and an optical spectrum analyzer. Preliminary results show that light is guided around 1650 nm. Possible modifications of the structure and potential applications will be discussed.
Interactions between Pyruvate and Lactate Metabolism in <i>Propionibacterium freudenreichii</i> subsp. <i>shermanii</i> : In Vivo <sup>13</sup> C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies (2000)

In vivo (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to elucidate the pathways and the regulation of pyruvate metabolism and pyruvate-lactate cometabolism noninvasively in living-cell suspensions of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. The most important result of this work concerns the modification of fluxes of pyruvate metabolism induced by the presence of lactate. Pyruvate was temporarily converted to lactate and alanine; the flux to acetate synthesis was maintained, but the flux to propionate synthesis was increased; and the reverse flux of the first part of the Wood-Werkman cycle, up to acetate synthesis, was decreased. Pyruvate was consumed at apparent initial rates of 148 and 90 micromol. min(-1). g(-1) (cell dry weight) when it was the sole substrate or cometabolized with lactate, respectively. Lactate was consumed at an apparent initial rate of 157 micromol. min(-1). g(-1) when it was cometabolized with pyruvate. P. shermanii used several pathways, namely, the Wood-Werkman cycle, synthesis of acetate and CO(2), succinate synthesis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and alanine synthesis, to manage its pyruvate pool sharply. In both types of experiments, acetate synthesis and the Wood-Werkman cycle were the metabolic pathways used most.
Function and therapeutic implication of C-CAM cell-adhesion molecule in prostate cancer. (1999)

Human neoplasms are often caused by cumulative alterations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. By identifying the early genetic changes involved in tumorigenesis, one can develop strategies to prevent and detect cancers at early stages, when treatment is most effective. C-CAM1, a cell-adhesion molecule (CAM) isoform (I), was recently shown to play a critical role in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Loss of C-CAM1 expression occurs early in the development of prostate cancer, suggesting that C-CAM1 may help maintain the differentiated state of the prostate epithelium. Reintroduction of C-CAM1 into cancer cells can reverse their cancerous growth. Thus, the C-CAM1 molecule itself or drugs that increase C-CAM1 expression are promising agents for prostate cancer treatment. The mechanisms by which C-CAM1 suppresses tumorigenesis are different from those of p53 and Rb. Therefore, C-CAM1 therapy is a new form of prostate cancer treatment. To exploit C-CAM1's therapeutic potential, a human C-CAM1 adenovirus expression vector (Ad-hu-C-CAM1) has been used to treat prostate tumor xenografts in nude mice. The preliminary results have shown great promise. In addition, while C-CAM gene therapy may have immediate application in prostate cancer treatment, the knowledge to be learned from mechanistic studies of C-CAM1-mediated tumor suppression may also help us design better strategies for prevention and treatment for prostate cancer.
Early signaling events that underlie fate decisions of naive <scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> T cells toward distinct T‐helper cell subsets (2013)

CD4(+) T-helper (Th) cells are a major cell population that play an important role in governing acquired immune responses to a variety of foreign antigens as well as inducing some types of autoimmune diseases. There are at least four distinct Th cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and inducible T-regulatory cells), each of which has specialized functions to control immune responses. Each of these cell types emerge from naive CD4(+) T cells after encounter with foreign antigens presented by dendritic cells (DCs). Each Th cell subset expresses a unique set of transcription factors and produces hallmark cytokines. Both T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation and the cytokine environment created by activated CD4(+) T cells themselves, by 'partner' DCs, and/or other cell types during the course of differentiation, play an important role in the fate decisions toward distinct Th subsets. Here, we review how TCR-mediated signals in collaboration with the cytokine environment influence the fate decisions of naive CD4(+) T cells toward distinct Th subsets at the early stages of activation. We also discuss the roles of TCR-proximal signaling intermediates and of the Notch pathway in regulating the differentiation to distinct Th phenotypes.
A recursive formula for multirate systems with elastic traffic (2005)

We present a recursive formula for evaluating the per-flow throughput in a multirate system with elastic traffic, which is the analogue of the well-known Kaufman-Roberts formula used to evaluate the blocking probability in a multirate system with circuit traffic. Such a system is representative of a link in a packet-switched network like the Internet where data flows are not blocked in case of congestion but experience lower bit rates. The maximum bit rate of each flow typically corresponds to the speed of the user access line such as the DSL access lines.
Intrinsic Specificity of the Reactive Site Loop of α1-Antitrypsin, α1-Antichymotrypsin, Antithrombin III, and Protease Nexin I (1997)

Members of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family share a similar backbone structure but expose a variable reactive-site loop, which binds to the catalytic groove of the target protease. Specificity originates in part from the sequence of this loop and also from secondary binding sites that contribute to the inhibitor function. To clarify the intrinsic contribution of the reactive-site loop, alpha1-antichymotrypsin has been utilized as a scaffold to construct chimeras carrying the loop of antithrombin III, protease nexin 1, or alpha1-antitrypsin. Reactive-site loops not only vary in sequence but also in length; therefore, the length of the reactive-site loop was also varied in the chimeras. The efficacy of the specificity transfer was evaluated by measuring the stoichiometry of the reaction, the ability to form an SDS-stable complex, and the association rate constant with a number of potential targets (chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase, trypsin, thrombin, factor Xa, activated protein C, and urokinase). Overall, substitution of a reactive-site loop was not sufficient to transfer the specificity of a given serpin to alpha1-antichymotrypsin. Specificity of the chimera partly matched that of the loop donor and partly that of the acceptor, whereas the behavior as an inhibitor or a substrate depended upon the targeted protease. Results suggest that, aside from the contributions of the loop sequence and the framework-specific secondary binding sites, an intramolecular control may be essential for productive interaction.
Combined anti-calcification treatment of bovine pericardium with amino compounds and solvents (2011)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with amino compounds and solvents in vivo on calcifications of glutaraldehyde (GA)-fixed pericardium. Groups of bovine pericardium samples were fixed with 0.5% GA. We used urazole and glutamate to neutralize the free aldehyde and some solvents (ethanol with octanol or octanediol) to reduce the phospholipid content in the bovine pericardial tissue. Tensile strength and thermal stability were evaluated before implantation. Twelve weeks after rat subdermal implantation, the pericardial samples were harvested from eight juvenile rats. Urazole [calcium (Ca(2+)): 11.86 ± 2.85 μg/mg; inorganic phosphorus (IP): 32.59 ± 7.73 μg/mg] or glutamate (Ca(2+): 7.95 ± 1.21 μg/mg; IP: 21.76 ± 3.48 μg/mg) alone significantly decreased the Ca(2+) and IP concentrations (without any anti-calcification treatment, Ca(2+): 277.85 ± 17.51 μg/mg; IP: 147.07 ± 8.32 μg/mg), but when used with organic solvents, the Ca(2+) and IP concentrations were the lowest (Ca(2+): 0.05 ± 0.04 μg/mg; IP: 3.36 ± 0.61 μg/mg). After anti-calcification treatment, the calcifications in microscopic images were dramatically decreased. Anti-calcification treatment with glutamate, urazole, and solvents did not worsen the physical properties of bovine pericardium, and significantly prevented in vivo calcifications compared to GA fixation only. There should be additional studies done to understand the other mechanism underlying xenograft tissue calcification.
Enacting a Decentralised Workflow Management System on a Multi-agent Platform (2007)

This thesis presents sets of technologies for enacting multi-agent based decentralised workflow systems. Its purpose is to tackle some of the existing problems in the con-ventional workflow research from the system architectural and engineering point of view. Some of the problems addressed at the beginning of this thesis have affected the wide deployment of workflow management system in an open environment ( inter-net). This thesis argues that most of these problems are caused by the huge conceptual gap and design rationale between high level application requirements and low level system design/implementation. Specifically, it is argued that the conventional system architecture of workflow management system ( client-server) could be replaced by a multi-agent based platform which is more open, collaborative and can better reflect workflow’s distributed features in the open environment. Combining existing workflow design rationale and multi-agent computing technol-ogy, a multi-agent based decentralised workflow approach is proposed in this thesis. The architecture of the intended system removes both the centralised data storage and
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Therapy for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2020)

Sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) constitute devastating conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis results from abnormal host immune response, with evidence for both pro- and anti-inflammatory activation present from the earliest phases. The "proinflammatory" response predominates initially causing host injury, with later-phase sepsis characterized by immune cell hypofunction and opportunistic superinfection. ARDS is characterized by inflammation and disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane leading to injury and lung dysfunction. Sepsis is the most common cause of ARDS. Approximately 20% of deaths worldwide in 2017 were due to sepsis, while ARDS occurs in over 10% of all intensive care unit patients and results in a mortality of 30 to 45%. Given the fact that sepsis and ARDS share some-but not all-underlying pathophysiologic injury mechanisms, the lack of specific therapies, and their frequent coexistence in the critically ill, it makes sense to consider therapies for both conditions together. In this article, we will focus on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are available from several tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue. Allogeneic administration is feasible, an important advantage for acute conditions like sepsis or ARDS. They possess diverse mechanisms of action of relevance to sepsis and ARDS, including direct and indirect antibacterial actions, potent effects on the innate and adaptive response, and pro-reparative effects. MSCs can be preactivated thereby potentiating their effects, while the use of their extracellular vesicles can avoid whole cell administration. While early-phase clinical trials suggest safety, considerable challenges exist in moving forward to phase III efficacy studies, and to implementation as a therapy should they prove effective.
Identification and Reduction of Ellagic Acid in Muscadine Grape Juice (1990)

ABSTRACT The precipitate which forms during storage of clarified and pasteurized Magnolia and Carlos muscadine juices was examined using paper chromatography, HPLC, and ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectrometries. The methanol washed juice precipitate was identified as ellagic acid. The concentrations of ellagic acid in Magnolia juice treated with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) at 0.12, 0.36, 0.60, 0.84, and 1.08 g/L and gelatin at 0.06, 0.12 and 0.24 g/L were determined. The treatment using 1.08g PVPP/L was most effective in reducing ellagic acid, total phenolics, and juice browning.
Increased serum levels of lipogenic enzymes in patients with severe liver steatosis (2012)

We describe a relationship between human liver steatosis and elevated levels of circulating lipogenic enzymes. Increased serum levels of FAS expression and LPL activity could be considered a marker of severe liver steatosis.
Localisation of a gene for prepubertal periodontitis to chromosome 11q14 and identification of a cathepsin C gene mutation (2000)

Prepubertal periodontitis (PPP) is a rare and rapidly progressive disease of young children that results in destruction of the periodontal support of the primary dentition. The condition may occur as part of a recognised syndrome or may occur as an isolated finding. Both autosomal dominant and recessive forms of Mendelian transmission have been reported for PPP. We report a consanguineous Jordanian family with four members affected by PPP in two nuclear sibships. The parents of the affected subjects are first cousins. We have localised a gene of major effect for PPP in this kindred (Zmax=3.55 for D11S901 at theta=0.00) to a 14 cM genetic interval on chromosome 11q14 flanked by D11S916 and D11S1367. This PPP candidate interval overlaps the region of chromosome 11q14 that contains the cathepsin C gene responsible for Papillon-Lefèvre and Haim-Munk syndromes. Sequence analysis of the cathepsin C gene from PPP affected subjects from this Jordanian family indicated that all were homozygous for a missense mutation (1040A-->G) that changes a tyrosine to a cysteine. All four parents were heterozygous carriers of this Tyr347Cys cathepsin C mutation. None of the family members who were heterozygous carriers for this mutation showed any clinical findings of PPP. None of the 50 controls tested were found to have this Tyr347Cys mutation. This is the first reported gene mutation for non-syndromic periodontitis and shows that non-syndromic PPP is an allelic variant of the type IV palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasias.