gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AQUEOUS PROCESSES FOR SEPARATION AND DECONTAMINATION OF IRRADIATED FUELS (1958)

. A review of recent dcvelopments and improvements in aqueous processes for accomplishing separation and decontamination of irradiated fuels from power reactors is presented Research and development is currently being pursued in tbe United States on three distinct types of fuel processing methods; pyrometallurgical processes, fluoride volatility processes, and aqueous processes. Although the ultimate role of these processing methods in a nuclear power economy cannot be accurately assessed at the present time, it is felt that the proven reliabilita and versatility of aqueous processes guarantees them a prominent role in power reactor fuel reprocessing. Aqueous solvent extraction processes, for example, are ideally suited for installation in central processing plants which are designed to handle fuels from a number of power reactors generating a total of several thousand megawatts or more of power. Under these circumstances, nuclear fuels can be processed by continuous processes at high throughputs and at high on-stream efficiency and therefore at low unit cost. (auth)
Tofu: A 6D Mesh/Torus Interconnect for Exascale Computers (2009)

A new architecture with a six-dimensional mesh/torus topology achieves highly scalable and fault-tolerant interconnection networks for large-scale supercomputers that can exceed 10 petaflops.
Recent Advances in Nanozyme Research (2018)

As a new generation of artificial enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of high catalytic activity, good stability, low cost, and other unique properties of nanomaterials. Due to their wide range of potential applications, they have become an emerging field bridging nanotechnology and biology, attracting researchers in various fields to design and synthesize highly catalytically active nanozymes. However, the thorough understanding of experimental phenomena and the mechanisms beneath practical applications of nanozymes limits their rapid development. Herein, the progress of experimental and computational research of nanozymes on two issues over the past decade is briefly reviewed: (1) experimental development of new nanozymes mimicking different types of enzymes. This covers their structures and applications ranging from biosensing and bioimaging to therapeutics and environmental protection. (2) The catalytic mechanism proposed by experimental and theoretical study. The challenges and future directions of computational research in this field are also discussed.
JPermit: Usable and Secure Registration of Guest-Phones into Enterprise VoIP Network (2010)

Providing a usable and secure mechanism for the registration of guest-phones to enterprise VoIP networks is a challenging problem. There are many security mechanisms that have been proposed to prevent the various attacks that occur during the registration of a SIP based VoIP phone to VoIP network. However, none of these mechanisms work for an enterprise environment where security and usability are the key issues to be considered. In this paper, a novel architecture called JPermit is proposed, which enables the secure entry of guest-phones to VoIP enterprise networks with minimum human intervention. The standard enterprise VoIP architecture is extended by introducing a Trust Bootstrap Gateway, which facilitates the trust bootstrapping between the guest-phone and the VoIP network. The JPermit architecture addresses the various security issues related to the registration of guest-phones to enterprise VoIP network. The prototype implementation of the proposed architecture is also presented.
Greendroid: Exploring the next evolution in smartphone application processors (2011)

Mobile application processors are soon to replace desktop processors as the focus of innovation in microprocessor technology. Already, these processors have largely caught up to their more power hungry cousins, supporting out-oforder execution and multicore processing. In the near future, the exponentially worsening problem of dark silicon is going to be the primary force that dictates the evolution of these designs. In recent work, we have argued that the natural evolution of mobile application processors is to use this dark silicon to create hundreds of automatically generated energy-saving cores, called conservation cores, which can reduce energy consumption by an order of magnitude. This article describes GreenDroid, a research prototype that demonstrates the use of such cores to save energy broadly across the hotspots in the Android mobile phone software stack.
Intra-aortic filtration: capturing particulate emboli during aortic cross-clamping. (2005)

Particulate emboli are an important factor in the development of complications after cardiac surgery. The use of an intra-aortic filter during aortic declamping has proved safe and effective in reducing the incidence of embolic complications. Because aortic cross-clamping is also associated with the risk of embolism, we measured the release of particulate emboli at the time of aortic cross-clamping and at declamping. We deployed intra-aortic filters (Edwards EMBOL-X Slim Protection System) at 2 different times during 15 consecutive cardiac procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass. Filter A was inserted before aortic cross-clamping and left in place for a mean time of 3 minutes, and Filter B was inserted before aortic declamping for a mean of 17 minutes. An independent institution performed histopathologic examination. All filters captured particulate emboli, independent of the patients' degree of proximal aortic atherosclerotic disease. Macroscopy showed that Filter A captured more particles (mean, 70 +/- 2.6) in 7 of 15 patients (46.7%), Filter B captured more particles (mean, 6.7 +/- 2.6) in 5 of 15 patients (33.3%), and the filters captured the same number in 3 of 15 patients (20%). Microscopy showed that both filters captured fibrous atheroma or fibrous cap in 10 of 15 patients. We observed no complications related to the use of the filters. Aortic cross-clamping is associated with a high risk of embolism. We suggest that optimal protection against embolism during cardiac surgery can be achieved by applying intra-aortic filtration not only before aortic declamping but also before aortic cross-clamping.
ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CONFIRMATION OF 1-PYRROLINE TRIMER (1977)

Abstract Oxidation of pyrrolidine with aqueous alkaline solution of sodium peroxodisulfate in the presence of silver nitrate gave 1-pyrroline trimer in moderate yield with remarkable selectivity and its structure was established.
Dual-axes confocal reflectance microscope for distinguishing colonic neoplasia (2006)

A dual-axes confocal reflectance microscope has been developed that utilizes a narrowband laser at 1310 nm to achieve high axial resolution, image contrast, field of view, and tissue penetration for distinguishing among normal, hyperplastic, and dysplastic colonic mucosa ex vivo. Light is collected off-axis using a low numerical aperture objective to obtain vertical image sections, with 4- to 5-microm resolution, at tissue depths up to 610 microm. Post-objective scanning enables a large field of view (610 x 640 microm), and balanced-heterodyne detection provides sensitivity to collect vertical sections at one frame per second. System optics are optimized to effectively reject out-of-focus scattered light without use of a low-coherence gate. This design is scalable to millimeter dimensions, and the results demonstrate the potential for a miniature instrument to detect precancerous tissues, and hence to perform in vivo histopathology.
[The effectiveness of recurrence prophylaxis four to five years after struma surgery]. (1980)

Four to five years after the operation of an endemic goiter, 63% of the patients regularly take thyroxin prophylactically and 85% as substitution. The effect of this hormone therapy was checked using the radioiodine uptake of the thyroid. In those patients with an increase in the size of the thyroid in the scintigram, there was usually a pathological TRH-TSH test with elevated basal and very elevated late values for TSH. While the prophylactic benefit of thyroxin after unilateral thyroidectomy must be further evaluated with other parameters, there is no doubt that thyroxin is necessary for those patients in whom a bilateral thyroidectomy has been performed.
Atenolol for Migraine Prophylaxis (1983)

SYNOPSIS The preventive effect of atenolol on migraine attacks was compared to placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over study. 24 patients with classic and/or common migraine entered the 36‐week study; four subsequently dropped out. The effect of atenolol was significantly better than that of placebo. The number of headache attacks was reduced in 15 of 20 patients (r<0.05) and the values for integrated headache diminished in 19 of 20 patients (r<0.001). Intake of ergotamine products was significantly lower in all patients using such drugs, while the consumption of common analgesics did not differ between the trial periods. No serious side effects were noted.
Total synthesis of (±)-15-norsolavetivone (1982)

A. Murai, S. Sato and T. Masamune, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 511 DOI: 10.1039/C39820000511
Secretion of IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) from serotonin-stimulated CD8+ T cells in vitro (1996)

At sites of inflammation, mononuclear cells are in close contact with aggregated platelets. Although the physiologic role of this association is not clear, this proximity suggests that platelet-derived mediators may play a role in chemoattraction of T lymphocytes. In the current study we investigated serotonin receptor-bearing lymphocyte modulation of T cell migration. Serotonin-stimulated human blood mononuclear cells secrete lymphocyte chemoattractant activity with selective activity for CD4+ T cells. This chemoattractant activity was observed within 2 h of exposure to serotonin and was blocked by serotonin type 2 receptor antagonists. Molecular sieve chromatography of supernatant from serotonin-stimulated PBMCs revealed a single peak of T cell chemoattractant activity with an apparent molecular mass of 56 kDa and a pl of 9.1. Neutralizing experiments with specific mAbs indicated that the serotonin-induced chemotactic factor was the previously characterized lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF), recently designated IL-16. Serotonin induced secretion of IL-16 from CD8+, not CD4+, T cells which did not require the de novo protein synthesis. These studies suggest that serotonin, via serotonin type 2 receptors, may promote the recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes into an inflammatory focus.
Mobile Access To WEB Resources [Guest Editorial] (1998)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
GHz-bandwidth optical intensity modulation in self-poled waveguides in strontium barium niobate (SBN) (1996)

Wide-band electrooptic intensity modulation at a wavelength of 1.3 μm has been demonstrated in single mode channel waveguides in SBN:60 without repoling the substrates after processing at elevated temperatures. Waveguide losses were /spl les/0.7 dB/cm for both polarizations.
Hydroformylation with Rhodium-Amine Complexes (1974)

Under mild conditions, hydroformylation of olefins with rhodium carbonyl complexes selectively produces aldehydes. A one-step synthesis of oxo alcohols is possible using monomeric or polymeric amines, such as dimethylbenzylamine or anion exchange resin analog to hydrogenate the aldehyde. The rate of aldehyde hydrogenation passes through a maximum as amine basicity and concentration increase. IR data of the reaction reveal that anionic rhodium carbonyl clusters, normally absent, are formed on addition of amine. Aldehyde hydrogenation is attributed to enhanced hydridic character of a Rh-H intermediate via amine coordination to rhodium.
[Determination of C-reactive protein and neopterin in serum of diseased and bacterially infected swine]. (1998)

The parameters C-reactive protein (CRP) and neopterin, which are associated with immunological reactions, were investigated in serum of healthy, diseased and with Haemophilus parasuis infected pigs. When comparing diseased young pigs with healthy young pigs significant increases of the CRP- and neopterin concentrations can be seen. The increase of the CRP-concentration was most remarkable. After the infection of SPF-piglets with Haemophilus parasuis, significantly decreased neopterin concentrations and increased CRP concentrations were determined in comparison with non-infected animals. The animals with the symptoms of arthritis and disorders of the central nervous system showed the lowest neopterin concentrations and the highest concentrations of CRP. It seems that CRP and neopterin are interesting serum parameters in pigs with regard to the recognition of immunological reactions after illness or infection.
<i>In Vitro</i> Pollen Tube Growth Reveals the Cytotoxic Potential of the Flavonols, Quercetin and Rutin (2004)

Flavonols are phytochemicals widely found in commonly consumed foods. In spite of their beneficial effects on human health, however, cytotoxicity and even suspected genotoxicity have also been reported for the flavonol, quercetin. This points to the need for preventive studies to identify any cytotoxic effects associated with pure flavonol intake. This work was performed with the aim of verifying whether a plant-based in vitro system, the pollen tube, could be used to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of exogenous flavonols. Increasing concentrations of the aglycone, quercetin, and its glycoside, rutin, were assayed with regard to tube growth of kiwifruit pollen, determined by applying the pollen tube growth test protocol. This test, based on the photometric quantification of pollen tube mass production in suspension cultures, has already been applied in the sensitive and reliable toxicological evaluation of a wide range of chemicals. Whereas 60-800 microM rutin promoted kiwifruit pollen tube elongation, 10-50 microM quercetin strongly inhibited growth, and also produced irreversible malformations, such as screw-like tube growth, abnormal vacuolation, alteration of organelle streaming, and nuclear positioning. Thus, the cytotoxic potentials of the two flavonols have been confirmed to differ. Pollen tubes seem to afford a promising test system for a preventive, rapid in vitro biosafety assessment of antioxidant nutritional supplements, without using laboratory animals.
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics of Nefazodone After Escalating Single and Multiple Oral Doses (1995)

The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of nefazodone and its metabolites, hydroxynefazodone, p-hydroxynefazodone, and m-chlorophenylpiperazine were investigated in two groups of 18 healthy male volunteers, employing three-period complete crossover designs. In one group, single 50-mg, 100-mg, and 200-mg oral doses of nefazodone hydrochloride were administered with a 1-week washout between treatments. In the other group, doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg were administered twice a day (every 12 hours) for 7.5 days (15 doses) with a 1-week washout between treatments. Serial plasma samples were obtained in both groups and assayed for nefazodone, hydroxynefazodone, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, and p-hydroxynefazodone. Cmax plasma levels of nefazodone and hydroxynefazodone were attained within 2 hours of administration of nefazodone; tmax for m-chlorophenylpiperazine was more delayed, and p-hydroxynefazodone levels were generally below the assay limit. On repeated twice-daily dosing of nefazodone, steady-state levels of the drug and its metabolites were reached within 3 days. Mean single-dose plasma half-life (t1/2) values for nefazodone increased from approximately 1 hour at a 50-mg dose to approximately 2 hours at a 200-mg dose; at steady state, t1/2 values increased from approximately 2 hours at 50 mg twice daily to approximately 3.7 hours at 200 mg twice daily. Whereas dose increased in the proportion of 1:2:4, mean single-dose AUC0-infinity for nefazodone increased in the proportion of 1:3.3:8.9 and mean steady-state AUC0-tau for nefazodone increased in the proportion of 1:4.2:16.8. Plasma levels of hydroxynefazodone paralleled those of nefazodone and were approximately 33% of nefazodone levels at each dose level. Plasma levels of m-chlorophenylpiperazine were only approximately 10% those of nefazodone. Within the dosage range of 50-200 mg of nefazodone hydrochloride, nefazodone and hydroxynefazodone exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics; m-chlorophenylpiperazine, a minor metabolite, appeared to exhibit linear pharmacokinetics.
Research Note: Effects of Wing Restraints on the Objective Texture of Commercially Processed Broiler Breast Meat (1992)

A physical treatment was applied to broiler carcasses during commercial processing to evaluate its effectiveness in shortening the postmortem time necessary to achieve tenderness in cooked Pectoralis major (P. major) meat. Pectoralis major muscles were stretched by using cable ties to position the wings behind the back of the carcass. The restraints were removed from the carcasses at two postchill times: within 15 min (WR) and after 1 h (WR + 1). Treated carcasses were compared with a control group of carcasses. Pectoralis major muscles were removed from control carcasses and WR carcasses between 10 and 15 min postchill. Muscles were held at 2 C until the next day, when they were cooked. Two 1.9-cm-wide strips, noted as anterior and medial, were removed from each sample and objective texture determined. The experiment was replicated five times with a total of 82, 80, and 79 carcasses evaluated for the control, WR, and WR + 1 groups, respectively. There were significant differences in objective texture due to the physical treatment and location in the muscle. The lowest shear value (5.5 kg) was noted for the WR + 1 group at the anterior location. Significantly lower shear values were noted for the anterior strip compared with the medial strip. Physically restraining the P. major muscles during processing and holding for 1 h postchill resulted in a significant reduction in force to shear broiler breast meat.
Endonuclease Specificity and Sequence Dependence of Type IIS Restriction Enzymes (2015)

Restriction enzymes that recognize specific sequences but cleave unknown sequence outside the recognition site are extensively utilized tools in molecular biology. Despite this, systematic functional categorization of cleavage performance has largely been lacking. We established a simple and automatable model system to assay cleavage distance variation (termed slippage) and the sequence dependence thereof. We coupled this to massively parallel sequencing in order to provide sensitive and accurate measurement. With this system 14 enzymes were assayed (AcuI, BbvI, BpmI, BpuEI, BseRI, BsgI, Eco57I, Eco57MI, EcoP15I, FauI, FokI, GsuI, MmeI and SmuI). We report significant variation of slippage ranging from 1-54%, variations in sequence context dependence, as well as variation between isoschizomers. We believe this largely overlooked property of enzymes with shifted cleavage would benefit from further large scale classification and engineering efforts seeking to improve performance. The gained insights of in-vitro performance may also aid the in-vivo understanding of these enzymes.
PTP1B is a negative regulator of interleukin 4–induced STAT6 signaling (2008)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme shown to negatively regulate multiple tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways. PTP1B can modulate cytokine signaling pathways by dephosphorylating JAK2, TYK2, and STAT5a/b. Herein, we report that phosphorylated STAT6 may serve as a cytoplasmic substrate for PTP1B. Overexpression of PTP1B led to STAT6 dephosphorylation and the suppression of STAT6 transcriptional activity, whereas PTP1B knockdown or deficiency augmented IL-4-induced STAT6 signaling. Pretreatment of these cells with the PTK inhibitor staurosporine led to sustained STAT6 phosphorylation consistent with STAT6 serving as a direct substrate of PTP1B. Furthermore, PTP1B-D181A "substrate-trapping" mutants formed stable complexes with phosphorylated STAT6 in a cellular context and endogenous PTP1B and STAT6 interacted in an interleukin 4 (IL-4)-inducible manner. We delineate a new negative regulatory loop of IL-4-JAK-STAT6 signaling. We demonstrate that IL-4 induces PTP1B mRNA expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner and enhances PTP1B protein stability to suppress IL-4-induced STAT6 signaling. Finally, we show that PTP1B expression may be preferentially elevated in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. These observations identify a novel regulatory loop for the regulation of IL-4-induced STAT6 signaling that may have important implications in both neoplastic and inflammatory processes.
Does Lowering Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Nodules Modify Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth of <i>Lotus japonicus</i>? (2003)

A cDNA encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS) from Lotus japonicus was fused in the antisense orientation relative to the nodule-specific LBC3 promoter of soybean (Glycine max) and introduced into L. japonicus via transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Among the 12 independent transformed lines into which the construct was introduced, some of them showed diminished levels of GS1 mRNA and lower levels of GS activity. Three of these lines were selected and their T(1) progeny was further analyzed both for plant biomass production and carbon and nitrogen (N) metabolites content under symbiotic N-fixing conditions. Analysis of these plants revealed an increase in fresh weight in nodules, roots and shoots. The reduction in GS activity was found to correlate with an increase in amino acid content of the nodules, which was primarily due to an increase in asparagine content. Thus, this study supports the hypothesis that when GS becomes limiting, other enzymes (e.g. asparagine synthetase) that have the capacity to assimilate ammonium may be important in controlling the flux of reduced N in temperate legumes such as L. japonicus. Whether these alternative metabolic pathways are important in the control of plant biomass production still remains to be fully elucidated.
MetR-mediated repression of the glyA gene in Escherichia coli (1996)

Inactivation of either of the two MetR binding sites centered at bp —143 and —121 relative to the +1 transcription start site results in reduced glyA-lacZ expression in a wild-type strain below the level seen in a metR mutant. This reduced expression is dependent on the side of the DNA helix MetR binds relative to the RNA polymerase binding site. Thus, a single MetR dimer bound to the DNA may play a physiological role in maintaining appropriate glyA gene expression, functioning as a represser under low MetR conditions.