gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of aluminum overload using a cartridge with immobilized desferrioxamine. (1995)

Intravenous desferrioxamine (DFO) is the method commonly used to treat aluminum toxicity. This laboratory has developed a hollow fiber device with immobilized DFO, an "Aluminum DFO-HP" (DFO-HP), for the purpose of removing aluminum without the chelator (DFO) entering the blood. With Food and Drug Administration approval, a polysulfone DFO-HP, placed in the extracorporeal circuit in series with the patient's customary dialyzer, was tested for its safety and ability to remove aluminum in patients with ESRD who had aluminum overload. During treatment with this device, no toxic reactions, side effects, or hematologic or clinical laboratory changes were seen other than those associated with dialysis. Average aluminum clearance with the DFO-HP device was 25.3 mL/min with a range of 7.2 to 52.4 mL/min, whereas aluminum clearance with the F-60 polysulfone high-flux dialyzer was 8.4 mL/min. Aluminum clearance of the cuprophane dialyzers in series with the DFO-HP was negligible. The amount of aluminum removed over a 2-h treatment with DFO-HP ranged from 94 to 628 micrograms, which corresponded to 32 to 199% of the initial aluminum in the circulation before that particular treatment. The excess 99% was provided from aluminum released from tissue sites into the circulation throughout the duration of the treatment. It is expected that, because of the efficiency and safety of the DFO-HP device, the time presently needed for aluminum depletion using intravenous DFO will be greatly shortened and the potential toxicity of intravenous DFO will be eliminated.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of glucose and citrate end products in an ldhL-ldhD double-knockout strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (1996)

We have examined the metabolic consequences of knocking out the two ldh genes in Lactobacillus plantarum using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Unlike its wild-type isogenic progenitor, which produced lactate as the major metabolite under all conditions tested, ldh null strain TF103 mainly produced acetoin. A variety of secondary end products were also found, including organic acids (acetate, succinate, pyruvate, and lactate), ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, and mannitol.
Role of protein kinase C in histamine release from human basophils (1988)

In this study, we investigated the role of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C, PKC) in the modulation of histamine release from human basophils. A novel and potent inhibitor of PKC, K-252a, inhibited the release of histamine induced by anti-IgE in a dose-dependent manner with ID50 (the dose required for 50% inhibition of histamine release) of 2.2 x 10(-8) M. Histamine release stimulated with 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA) was also suppressed by K-252a with maximal inhibition of 48.0 +/- 9.3% at 10(-7) M. In contrast, K-252a did not inhibit the release of histamine in response to FMLP and ionophore A23187. Another inhibitor of PKC, H-7, exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of anti-IgE-induced histamine release with ID50 of 8.6 x 10(-4) M. H-8 and HA1004, which closely resemble H-7 in chemical structure but are less potent in inhibiting PKC, did not inhibit histamine release stimulated with anti-IgE, but rather enhanced the release at higher concentrations. These results strongly suggest that PKC activation plays a crucial role in the mediation of IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophils.
Reactions of Toluic Acids with Sulfur. I. Stilbenedicarboxylic Acids (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Toluic Acids with Sulfur. I. Stilbenedicarboxylic AcidsWilliam G. Toland Jr., John B. Wilkes, and Frederick J. BrutschyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 9, 2263–2264Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01105a517https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01105a517research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iron Homeostasis and the Inflammatory Response (2010)

Iron and its homeostasis are intimately tied to the inflammatory response. The adaptation to iron deficiency, which confers resistance to infection and improves the inflammatory condition, underlies what is probably the most obvious link: the anemia of inflammation or chronic disease. A large number of stimulatory inputs must be integrated to tightly control iron homeostasis during the inflammatory response. In order to understand the pathways of iron trafficking and how they are regulated, this article presents a brief overview of iron homeostasis. A major focus is on the regulation of the peptide hormone hepcidin during the inflammatory response and how its function contributes to the process of iron withdrawal. The review also summarizes new and emerging information about other iron metabolic regulators and effectors that contribute to the inflammatory response. Potential benefits of treatment to ameliorate the hypoferremic condition promoted by inflammation are also considered.
Gene–Environment Interaction: Definitions and Study Design (1996)

Study of gene-environment interaction is important for improving accuracy and precision in the assessment of both genetic and environmental influences. This overview presents a simple definition of gene-environment interaction and suggests study designs for detecting it. Gene-environment interaction is defined as "a different effect of an environmental exposure on disease risk in persons with different genotypes," or, alternatively, "a different effect of a genotype on disease risk in persons with different environmental exposures." Under this strictly statistical definition, the presence or absence of interaction depends upon the scale of measurement (additive or multiplicative). The decision of which scale is appropriate will be governed by many factors, including the main objective of an investigation (discovery of etiology, public health prediction, etc.) and the hypothesized pathophysiologic model. Five biologically plausible models are described for the relations between genotypes and environmental exposures, in terms of their effects on disease risk. Each of these models leads to a different set of predictions about disease risk in individuals classified by presence or absence of a high-risk genotype and environmental exposure. Classification according to the exposure is relatively easy, using conventional epidemiologic methods. Classification according to the high-risk genotype is more difficult, but several alternative strategies are suggested.
MRI-based quantification of myocardial perfusion at rest and stress using automated frame-by-frame segmentation and non-rigid registration (2010)

We developed a method for automated quantification of myocardial perfusion from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. Our approach uses regionbased and edge-based level set techniques for endocardial and epicardial border detection combined with non-rigid registration achieved by a 2D multi-scale cross-correlation and contour adaptation. This method was tested on 66 short-axis image sequences (Philips1.5T) obtained in 11 patients at rest and during vasodilator stress at 3 levels of the left ventricle during first pass of a Gadolinium-DTPA bolus. Myocardial ROIs were automatically defined and contrast enhancement curves were constructed throughout the image sequence. Analysis of one sequence required <1 min and resulted in endo- and epicardial boundaries that were judged accurate. Curves obtained during stress showed the typical pattern of first-pass perfusion with SNR of 19±4, as well as increased contrast inflow rate (0.031±0.013 vs 0.014±0.004 sec-1) and higher peak-to-peak amplitude (0.20±0.05 vs 0.14±0.03) compared to resting curves. Despite the extreme dynamic nature of contrast enhanced image sequences and respiratory motion, fast automated detection of myocardial segments and quantification of tissue contrast results in time curves with excellent noise levels, which reflect the expected effects of stress.
Coupling sites of the respiratory chain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum. (1988)

The respiratory chain system and respiration-linked proton translocation sites (coupling sites) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum were studied. The H+/O ratio of the bacterium oxidizing endogenous substrates was approximately 4g ions proton translocated per g atom oxygen consumed. The measurement of absorption spectra showed that the bacterium contained A-, B-, and C-type cytochromes. The H+/O ratios of cells loaded with specific substrates suggested that protons were translocated at the site 1 (NADH-Q) and the site 2 (Q-Cyt. c). Cytochrome oxidase (site 3) of the bacterium seems not to pump protons, although this bacterium has an oxidase of the cytochrome aa3-type.
Frustrated total internal reflection: A demonstration and review (1986)

Frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) has been studied since the time of Newton and Fresnel. We review its history and applications in modern optics. A simple theoretical description of the phenomenon is presented using Maxwell’s equations. The analogy (often made in textbooks) between FTIR and quantum mechanical tunneling in one dimension is discussed. A simple experimental apparatus, suitable for a laboratory demonstration, is described and a quantitative comparison of the theory with experiment is made at optical wavelengths. A He–Ne laser, power meter, and a simply constructed double-prism arrangement are used for the demonstration.
Solar robotic material sampler system for chemical, biological and physical ocean observations (2011)

Public attention is frequently directed to visible macro-system impacts of events such as oil spills resulting in oil washing into estuaries, tar balls on beaches, and oiled megafauna. However oil and other types of accidental contaminants, such as radioactive particles, can have fundamental impacts on less-visible portions of delicate chemical and biological ecosystems. What happens to the contaminants after impact events? Where and how are the contaminants dispersed in the water column and over what distance? What long-term impacts do the contaminants have on chemical and biological ecosystems? These key questions need to be addressed over large spatial dimensions and over long time frames. This paper describes the initial steps of the development of an autonomous robotic sampling platform, deployable for long-term monitoring missions and capable of collecting samples to track contaminant dispersion.
New Carotenoid Glucosides, Astaxanthin Glucoside and Adonixanthin Glucoside, Isolated from the Astaxanthin-Producing Marine Bacterium, Agrobacterium aurantiacum (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Carotenoid Glucosides, Astaxanthin Glucoside and Adonixanthin Glucoside, Isolated from the Astaxanthin-Producing Marine Bacterium, Agrobacterium aurantiacumAkihiro Yokoyama, Kyoko Adachi, and Yoshikazu ShizuriCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1995, 58, 12, 1929–1933Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50126a022https://doi.org/10.1021/np50126a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Principles of electron spin resonance (1993)

The resonance phenomenon magnetic interactions and the spin Hamiltonian isotropic hyperfine interaction the g-tensor the anisotropic hyperfine interaction systems with spin greater than 1.5 the nuclear quadrupole interaction the basic theory of spin relaxation line-widths in solution ESR spectra spin-lattice relaxation, saturation and multiple resonance time-domain ESR time-revolved ESR spin polarization.
Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. (2005)

The term "acute coronary syndrome" encompasses a range of thrombotic coronary artery diseases, including unstable angina and both ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Diagnosis requires an electrocardiogram and a careful review for signs and symptoms of cardiac ischemia. In acute coronary syndrome, common electrocardiographic abnormalities include T-wave tenting or inversion, ST-segment elevation or depression (including J-point elevation in multiple leads), and pathologic Q waves. Risk stratification allows appropriate referral of patients to a chest pain center or emergency department, where cardiac enzyme levels can be assessed. Most high-risk patients should be hospitalized. Intermediate-risk patients should undergo a structured evaluation, often in a chest pain unit. Many low-risk patients can be discharged with appropriate follow-up. Troponin T or I generally is the most sensitive determinant of acute coronary syndrome, although the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase also is used. Early markers of acute ischemia include myoglobin and creatine kinase-MB subforms (or isoforms), when available. In the future, advanced diagnostic modalities, such as myocardial perfusion imaging, may have a role in reducing unnecessary hospitalizations.
Cyclosporin A, apoptosis of BAL T‐cells and expression of Bcl‐2 inasthmatics (2003)

The late asthmatic reaction is characterised by elevated numbers of interleukin-4/interleukin-5/CD4-positive T-helper cells type 2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Cyclosporin A (CsA) is known to inhibit T-cell proliferation, induce apoptosis of CD4-positive T-cells and downregulate cytokine gene expression. It was assessed whether CsA-induced inhibition of the late asthmatic reaction was associated with apoptosis of BALF T-lymphocytes and other cell types, as well as expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 gene product (Bcl-2). BALF cells were obtained from asthmatics at baseline and 24 h after allergen-inhalation challenge following prior administration of CsA (n=13) or placebo (n=11). The number of apoptotic CD3-positive T-lymphocytes increased in the CsA but not the placebo group. The numbers of Bcl-2-positive cells were significantly reduced in the CsA but not the placebo group. The majority of Bcl-2-positive cells were CD3-positive T-lymphocytes. The beneficial effect of cyclosporin A in asthma may be related to its inhibitory effect on the late asthmatic reaction via induction of T-cell apoptosis and decreased B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 gene product levels.
Tierexperimentelle Studie zum Aufbau von Mikroelektroden für den selektiven Nachweis von epikardialen Kaliumionenaktivitäten - Experimental Study on Microelectrodes for the Selective Detection of Epicardial Potassium Ion Activities (1998)

Early detection of myocardial ischaemia following cardiac surgery remains a central problem of intensive care medicine. On the basis of the observation in the epicardium that an elevated potassium activity accompanies myocardial ischaemia, a miniaturized electrode system for the measurement of epicardial potassium concentration was constructed and tested. Different types of electrode were implanted in two groups of rabbits. The electrode parameters were satisfactory (slope, screening) and it proved possible to record interference-free myocardial ion potentials, which with regard to the ionophores used is selective for potassium ion activity in the solid phase electrode. The system thus meets the prerequisites for further investigations into its suitability for early diagnosis of ischaemia.
A flexible protein linker improves the function of epitope‐tagged proteins in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

Epitope tagging permits the detection of proteins when protein-specific antibodies are not available. However, the epitope tag can reduce the function of the tagged protein. Here we describe a cassette that can be used to introduce an eight amino acid flexible linker between multiple Myc epitopes and the open reading frame of a given gene. We show that inserting the linker improves the in vivo ability of the telomerase subunits Est2p and Est1p to maintain telomere length. The methods used here are generally applicable to improve the function of tagged proteins in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Rectangular and Ridge Waveguide (1956)

This paper describes the present state of the art with respect to rectangular ridge waveguide giving tables and data from standard waveguide sizes and constructional techniques for both rigid and flexible waveguide. The problems inherent in waveguide connectors are discussed along with the various methods for producing waveguide assemblies. The problems inherent with present-day waveguide standardization are also discussed. It is essential that a series of standard waveguide for high pressure operation and for extremely broadband operation (ridgeguide) be standardized. The latest RETMA miniature standard flanges are shown along with present-day thinking on a series of pressurized contact flanges.
A/C-Ring Colchicine Analogues: a Comparison of Molecular Conformations of the Minimized and Crystal Structures (1997)

Molecular mechanics and molecular orbital calculations have been used to determine the low-energy conformations of six biaryl analogues of colchicine lacking the seven-membered B-ring. A comparison of the conformations resulting from the different minimizations has been made, and these conformations were also compared with those found in the solid state for the respective biaryl analogues and the A/C-ring systems of colchicine and isocolchicine. The barriers to rotation about the A/C-linkage of the analogues were estimated from rotational plots. The MM+ calculations were not satisfactory for estimating the barriers, whilst the MMX, MAXIMIN2 and AM1 values, although agreeing on average only to within 16 kJ mol-1 , exhibited the expected trend in magnitude. This trend, however, did not correlate with the inhibition of tubulin polymerization to microtubules.
Optimization of Wind Turbine Operation by Use of Spinner Anemometer (2008)

A prototype spinner anemometer was developed from a standard scientific sonic anemometer with specially designed 1D sonic sensors. A model spinner anemometer was tested in wind tunnel with two sensor head configurations. The tests showed that the sonic sensors responded with a high influence factor on yaw errors, and that the sensors responded with sinusoidal behaviour to rotation of the spinner. The tests also revealed a significant 'sensor head flow distortion effect' from the classic sensor heads. A full CFD analysis of the model spinner anemometer was made. The results showed that the calculations were almost insensitive to rotation and to wind speeds. For all flow angles up to 60 deg. C the azimuth variation was a pure sinus. The shape of the responses was found to be described with a simple function that over one revolution decreases the average value with a cosine to the flow angle and increases the amplitude with a sine to the flow angle. The relation can be used in a conversion algorithm for the spinner anemometer. Field measurements were made with the model spinner anemometer. The spinner anemometer measurements were compared to measurements from a standard 3D sonic anemometer. The results showed time traces of the two instruments that were very similar. The prototype spinner anemometer was mounted on a 3.6MW prototype wind turbine. Statistics of the yaw error showed an average of about 10 deg. C. The average flow inclination angle was about 1 deg. C. The spinner anemometer measurements were correlated with wind speed and wind direction from a free meteorology mast. The results showed that the gain factor of the yaw error was only 0.80, which indicates that the yaw error measurements were overestimated with the use of the K factors from the CFD analysis. The wind speed at the free mast ahead of the wind turbine was compared to the wind speed measured by the spinner anemometer while the wind turbine was yawing while idling or stopped. The results showed that average wind speeds compared well within about 1%. The power of the 3,6MW wind turbine was analysed for varying yaw error but though the yaw error varied with more than +-20 deg. C during the period it was not possible to verify an expected cosine squared variation of power with yaw angle. The reason is that there was not sufficient data at all relevant wind speeds at the different yaw angles.(au)
Interleukin-1 and -2 in sera of patients with chronic hepatitis (type B). (1990)

IL-1 beta and IL-2 values in serum from 28 patients with chronic hepatitis B diagnosed by liver biopsy and 23 healthy controls were measured by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Though both values in patients seropositive for anti-HBe were slightly higher than those in patients seropositive for HBeAg, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. In contrast, the relationship between IL-1 beta and IL-2 in patients with chronic hepatitis was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In general, high values of serum IL-1 beta and IL-2 were seen in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and low values of serum IL-1 beta and IL-2 were seen in patients with chronic active hepatitis (severe) and in some of these with chronic persistent hepatitis. Serum IL-1 beta and IL-2 values of all patients with chronic hepatitis were higher than in healthy controls (P less than 0.001). Serum IL-1 beta and IL-2 in chronic hepatitis (B) are important indicators of the grade of the inflammatory state of the liver.