gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon neutral 2020 : a leadership opportunity in Canada's oil sands (2006)

Canada's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to be 32 per cent higher in 2010 than they were in 1990. The development of Canada's oil sands is the single largest contributor to GHG emissions growth in Canada. This report estimates the cost for an oil sands operation to become carbon neutral by 2020. In addition to energy efficiency or fuel switching measures which should be considered on a continual basis, the 2 main options for achieving carbon neutrality are carbon capture and storage (CCS) and GHG offsets. This report considered 3 scenarios: (1) maximum CCS in which all point sources are captured and stored, (2) moderate CCS in which only carbon dioxide from hydrogen production is captured and stored, and (3) maximum offsets in which CCS is not used and all emissions are offset. The results for the 3 scenarios were presented under operating situations that ranged from 100 per cent mining, 100 per cent in-situ, and 55 per cent mining with 45 per cent in-situ operations. The estimated costs per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent using both CCS and offsets ranged from US $22 to US $66. The costs per barrel for achieving neutrality could therefore range from US $2-14, with the higher costs assigned to the CCS options. It was noted that the cost of becoming carbon neutral will continue to decline as oil sands companies generate greater profits per barrel. It was concluded that carbon neutrality is economically feasibly by 2020, given the current high profit margins for oil sands companies. In addition, the cost of reducing carbon is not much higher per barrel than the cost of removing lead or sulphur from fuel. 67 refs., 13 tabs., 10 figs.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Triple-Helical Peptidase Activities Are Differentially Regulated by Substrate Stability (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in physiological remodeling as well as pathological destruction of tissues. The turnover of the collagen triple-helical structure has been ascribed to several members of the MMP family, but the determinants for collagenolytic specificity have not been identified. The present study has compared the triple-helical peptidase activities of MMP-1 and MMP-14 (membrane-type 1 MMP; MT1-MMP). The ability of each enzyme to efficiently hydrolyze the triple helix was quantified using chemically synthesized fluorogenic triple-helical substrates that, via addition of N-terminal alkyl chains, differ in their thermal stabilities. One series of substrates was modeled after a collagenolytic MMP consensus cleavage site from types I-III collagen, while the other series had a single substitution in the P(1)' subsite of the consensus sequence. The substitution of Cys(4-methoxybenzyl) for Leu in the P(1)' subsite was greatly favored by MMP-14 but disfavored by MMP-1. An increase in substrate triple-helical thermal stability led to the decreased ability of the enzyme to cleave such substrates, but with a much more pronounced effect for MMP-1. Increased thermal stability was detrimental to enzyme turnover of substrate (k(cat)), but not binding (K(M)). Activation energies were considerably lower for MMP-14 hydrolysis of triple-helical substrates compared with MMP-1. Overall, MMP-1 was found to be less efficient at processing triple-helical structures than MMP-14. These results demonstrate that collagenolytic MMPs have subtle differences in their abilities to hydrolyze triple helices and may explain the relative collagen specificity of MMP-1.
Enhanced selective CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption on polyamine/MIL-101(Cr) composites (2014)

Polyamine/MIL-101(Cr) composites exhibit excellent CO<sub>2</sub> capture ability at 0.15 bar and low temperatures.
Identification of a Novel 4-Aminomethylpiperidine Class of M<sub>3</sub>Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists and Structural Insight into Their M<sub>3</sub>Selectivity (2006)

Identification of a novel class of potent and highly selective M(3) muscarinic antagonists is described. First, the structure-activity relationship in the cationic amine core of our previously reported triphenylpropionamide class of M(3) selective antagonists was explored by a small diamine library constructed in solid phase. This led to the identification of M(3) antagonists with a novel piperidine pharmacophore and significantly improved subtype selectivity from a previously reported class. Successive modification on the terminal triphenylpropionamide part of the newly identified class gave 14a as a potent M(3) selective antagonist that had >100-fold selectivity versus the M(1), M(2), M(4), and M(5) receptors (M(3): K(i) = 0.30 nM, M(1)/M(3) = 570-fold, M(2)/M(3) = 1600-fold, M(4)/M(3) = 140-fold, M(5)/M(3) = 12000-fold). The possible rationale for its extraordinarily higher subtype selectivity than reported M(3) antagonists was hypothesized by sequence alignment of multiple muscarinic receptors and a computational docking of 14a into transmembrane domains of M(3) receptors.
GA-Based Task Scheduler for the Cloud Computing Systems (2010)

Task scheduling problems are of paramount importance which relate to the efficiency of the whole cloud computing facilities. In Hadoop, the open-source implementation of MapReduce, scheduling policies, such as FIFO or delay scheduling in FAIR scheduler is used by the master node to distribute waiting tasks to computing nodes (slaves) in response to the status messages of these nodes it receives. Although delay scheduling policy has claimed to improve the throughput and response times by a factor of 2 compared to FIFO policy, it can still achieve more improvement by considering a holistic view of all the tasks waiting to be processed. Therefore, this paper proposes a new scheduler which makes a scheduling decision by evaluating the entire group of tasks in the job queue. A genetic algorithm is designed as the optimization method for the new scheduler. The preliminary simulation results show that our scheduler can get a shorter make span for jobs than FIFO and delay scheduling policies and achieve a better balanced load across all the nodes in the cloud.
Sleuthing sheds light on STAP cell fiasco (2015)

Researchers describe artifacts that could have misled authors and prompted sensational reprogramming claims.
Distal greater trochanteric transfer in the treatment of deformity of the proximal femur caused by avascular necrosis. (2006)

Background. Distal greater trochanteric transfer is one of the surgical methods used to correct proximal femoral deformity arising in the course of treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Material and methods. We reviewed a series of 49 patients (55 hips) who had undergone distal greater trochanteric transfer at the mean age of 13.9 years due to deformity of the proximal femur after treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip, in order to verify the value of the procedure. The mean follow-up was 15 years. Clinical and radiological assessment was supplemented with strain-gauging evaluation of the muscles involved. Results. Good results were achieved in those patients who had good range of movement or isolated restriction of abduction before the operation. After surgery, a 22% increase of abductor torque was found, the Trendelenburg sign disappeared in 30 individuals, and 15 patients regained normal gait. Conclusions. Distal greater trochanteric transfer improved hip joint biomechanics. Good abduction/adduction range of hip movement was essential for clinical improvement and increased muscle strength after surgery. Arthritic changes occurred primarily in those hip joints without clinical improvement. Distal transfer of the greater trochanter delayed osteoarthritis of the hip.
HMM-Based Concept Learning for a Mobile Robot (2007)

We are developing an intelligent robot and attempting to teach it language. While there are many aspects of this research, for the purposes here the most important are the following ideas. Language is primarily based on semantics, not syntax, which is still the focus in speech recognition research these days. To truly learn meaning, a language engine cannot simply be a computer program running on a desktop computer analyzing speech. It must be part of a more general, embodied intelligent system, one capable of using associative learning to form concepts from the perception of experiences in the world, and further capable of manipulating those concepts symbolically. In this paper, we present a general cascade model for learning concepts, and explore the use of hidden Markov models (HMMs) as part of the cascade model. HMMs are capable of automatically learning and extracting the underlying structure of continuous-valued inputs and representing that structure in the states of the model. These states can then be treated as symbolic representations of the inputs. We show how a cascade of HMMs can be embedded in a small mobile robot and used to find correlations among sensory inputs to learn a set of symbolic concepts, which are used for decision making and could eventually be manipulated linguistically
R-BTMA: a MAC protocol for short-range mobile radio communications (2002)

A reservation-Aloha-like (R-Aloha-like) protocol is studied in a decentralized mobile radio network context, with some hypotheses and assumptions and under specific constraints. Periodical traffic with parameter sharing and local communications are special characteristics of the model. The studied system faced problems, such as hidden nodes, fast changes in the network topology, and intervehicle communications. To solve or reduce some of these problems, the R-BTMA MAC protocol is introduced. It uses two distinct physical channels: a data channel and a busy-tone channel for signaling. Simulations are presented to evaluate the R-BTMA performance. The main service considered is parameter sharing with a regular traffic: one packet per frame and per vehicle. Numerical results show the improvements in channel throughput. The reaccess delay is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward a better understanding of the enhancing/embrittling effects of impurities in Nickel grain boundaries (2019)

The fracture path follows grain boundaries (GB) in most metallic system under tensile test. In general, impurities, even in ppm concentration, that segregate to these boundaries can remarkably change materials mechanical properties. Predicting impurities segregation effects in Nickel super-alloys might not be seen as intuitive and perhaps more fundamental understanding is needed. We performed a density functional theory calculation to elucidate the effect of eight light elements (B, C, N, O, Al, Si, P and S) and twelve transition metal elements (Tc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Re) on Nickel ∑5(210) grain boundary formation and its Ni free surface. The effect of impurities was carefully examined by calculating different properties such as segregation, binding and cohesive energies, strengthening/embrittling potency and the theoretical tensile strength. Additionally, we employed the electron density differences and magnetic effects to explain why and how impurities such as B, S, V, Nb, Mn and W affect Nickel ∑5 GB. We used the generated data calculated on equal footing, to develop a fundamental understanding on impurity effect. A clear and strong correlation is found between difference in magnetic moment change between isolated and imbedded impurity atom on one hand and the tensile strength on the other hand. The higher the loss of the magnetic moment, the more the impurity consolidates the GB.
Monte-Carlo simulation of the beam flux distribution of molecular-beam epitaxy sources by consideration of intermolecular collisions (1991)

The Monte-Carlo simulation of beam flux distribution of molecular-beam epitaxy sources is extended to the region, where intermolecular collision cannot be neglected. When the mean free path becomes very small in comparison to the source dimensions, a effective source length will introduced to reduce the calculating time extremely. The similarity between the result of the simulation, the particle number profile, and the object of digital image processing is discussed. A method of digital image processing is used to reduce the calculating time and to improve the accuracy of the simulation with experiment. The average filter in real space is useful for successfully image filtering. Die Monte-Carlo-Simulation der Richtungsverteilung eines Dampfstrahls in der Molekularstrahlepitaxie wird auf den Dampfdruckbereich erweitert, in dem sich intermolekulare Stöße nicht vernachlässigen lassen. Wenn die mittlere freie Weglänge sehr klein im Vergleich zu den Zellenausmaßen ist, wird eine effektive Zellenlänge eingeführt, wodurch sich die Rechenzeit stark verringert. ähnlichkeiten des Simulationsergebnisses, ein Teilchenzahlprofil, ein Objekt der digitalen Bildverarbeitung werden diskutiert. Eine Methode der digitalen Bildverarbeitung wird zur Reduktion der Simulationszeit und zur Verbesserung der übereinstimmung von Simulation und Experiment genutzt. Der Mittelwertfilter im Ortsraum eignet sich für eine erfolgreiche Bildfilterung.
A 13.56 MHz CMOS RF identification transponder integrated circuit with a dedicated CPU (2003)

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is attracting attention for its growing market in telephony and transport fare collection systems, which are replacing magnetic debit card technology, as well as factory automation and access control systems. In the former systems, the data rate is expected to exceed 100 kb/s, higher than previous results. Complex functions, such as anti-collision and authentication, are indispensable in transponder ICs in spite of the fact that their addition increases power consumption. To achieve the high data rate along with high magnetic field emission from interrogators, the 13.56 MHz ISM band is appropriate for RF power and data transmission. These RF and analog circuits for a 13.56 MHz RFID transponder IC are associated clocking and anti-collision techniques controlled by a dedicated CPU.
A distributed and privacy preserving algorithm for identifying information hubs in social networks (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of identifying the top-k information hubs in a social network. Identifying top-k information hubs is crucial for many applications such as advertising in social networks where advertisers are interested in identifying hubs to whom free samples can be given. Existing solutions are centralized and require time stamped information about pair-wise user interactions and can only be used by social network owners as only they have access to such data. Existing distributed and privacy preserving algorithms suffer from poor accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to identify information hubs that preserves user privacy. The intuition is that highly connected users tend to have more interactions with their neighbors than less connected users. Our method can identify hubs without requiring a central entity to access the complete friendship graph. We achieve this by fully distributing the computation using the Kempe-McSherry algorithm to address user privacy concerns. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed algorithm represents an arguably first attempt that (1) uses friendship graphs (instead of interaction graphs), (2) employs a truly distributed method over friendship graphs, and (3) maintains user privacy by not requiring them to disclose their friend associations and interactions, for identifying information hubs in social networks. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed technique using a real-world Facebook data set containing about 3.1 million users and more than 23 million friendship links. The results of our experiments show that our algorithm is 50% more accurate than existing distributed algorithms. Results also show that the proposed algorithm can estimate the rank of the top-k information hubs users more accurately than existing approaches.
Correcting amplitude, time, and phase mis‐ties in seismic data (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993Correcting amplitude, time, and phase mis‐ties in seismic dataAuthors: Thomas N. BishopAlan G. NunnsThomas N. BishopChevron Petroleum Technology Co., Canada and Alan G. NunnsChevron Petroleum Technology Co. U.S.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822306 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822306FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Thomas N. Bishop and Alan G. Nunns, (1993), "Correcting amplitude, time, and phase mis‐ties in seismic data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1103-1105. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822306 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Photoelectric properties of transparent conductive metal mesh films based on crack template and its application in Perovskite solar cells (2019)

A transparent conductive metal mesh film (TCMMF) was successfully fabricated by a low-cost and simple process. Firstly, the crack mask pattern is obtained after a certain heat treatment process, based on a glass substrate coated with egg-white. Then, a TCMMF was fabricated in combination with a series of processes such as metal deposition and mask removal. In this paper, the film formation mechanism and performance of the TCMMF based on random crack templates are studied, and the TCMMF have also been used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).The results showed that the TCMMF’s transmittance is more than 90% in the UV-visible range and infrared-visible range. The TCMMF’s surface resistance measured by the four probe method is 20 Ω/□. The performance of the PSCs based on the TCMMF can be comparable to that of the PSCs based on ITO, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 13.8%. This provides a possibility for the application of TCMMF in photovoltaic and photovoltaic fields.
Ion chamber measurements of transverse gamma knife beam profiles (2002)

A microchamber, PTW Pinpoint 31006, was used to measure transverse beam profiles for an Elekta Gamma Knife, Model B, and compared with profiles measured with film dosimetry. The microchamber sensitive volume has a diameter of 2 mm, which is smaller than the gamma knife beams, and a length of 5 mm. The chamber was mounted in a custom cassette in a spherical plastic phantom, supplied by Elekta, and oriented in a sagittal plane with the 2-mm dimension at right angles to the transverse plane. The phantom was manually moved across the beam, using the gamma knife x-coordinate trunnions, to measure the profiles. Profiles were also measured with V-film placed in a cassette mounted in the spherical plastic phantom. The films were scanned with a Scanditronix film scanner and converted to dose with a density to dose calibration curve. The results were superimposed for comparison. The beam width at the 50% intensity was measured from the film profiles to give the dimensions of the beams in the orthagonal planes. The ion chamber measurements are compared with the film results for the transverse, x profiles. Good agreement between the film and ion chamber transverse profiles is observed.
Development of an ultrahigh speed robot FALCON using wire drive system (2002)

High speed robots are an important component of modern assembly operations. In this paper, we describe the development of an ultrahigh speed robot named FALCON (Fast Load Conveyance), based on a wire driven parallel manipulation system. It achieves peak accelerations of up to 43G and maximum velocities of 13 m/s, even if considerably small DC motors (60W) are used. Due to the use of wires in actuation, the problem of vibration arises. We employ internal force control among wires to reduce the vibration by utilizing nonlinear elasticity from the wire mechanism. Experimental results on point to point control using the prototype system are presented under linear PD feedback, to illustrate the effectiveness of the system.
Functionalizing porous zirconium terephthalate UiO-66(Zr) for natural gas upgrading: a computational exploration (2011)

The ligand functionalization effect on the CO(2)/CH(4) separation performance of the MOF type UiO-66(Zr) was explored computationally. The -SO(3)H and -CO(2)H functionalized forms show the highest selectivity, good working capacity and medium ranged CO(2) adsorption enthalpy that make these materials very promising for physisorption-based processes.
ESTIMATION OF GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF ALLUVIAL SECONDARY SHIRASU GROUND (1997)

鹿児島県内の沖積平野の表層地盤には, 背後のしらす台地の浸食・運搬・堆積作用を受けた“二次しらす”が厚く分布している. しらすの力学特性は, 通常の砂質土のそれらとは異なっていることが明らかにされてきている. 本研究は, 二次しらすを主な構成材料とする二次しらす地盤の地盤工学的特性に関する知見をとりまとめたものである. 得られた主要な結果は次のとおりである. (1) 二次しらす地盤において測定されるN値から, せん断強度パラメータを推定する場合, N値を2倍に評価しうる. (2) せん断波速度の推定においてもN値を2倍に評価しうる. (3) 杭の深層載荷試験結果から, 二次しらす地盤は周面摩擦が卓越し, 通常の砂質土よりも大きな周面摩擦を期待できる.
Water, Protein Folding, and the Genetic Code (1979)

The absolute affinities of amino acid side chains for solvent water closely match their relative distributions between the surface and the interior of native proteins and are associated with a remarkable bias in the genetic code.
Intracortical connectivity of architectonic fields in the somatic sensory, motor and parietal cortex of monkeys (1978)

Anterograde and retrograde transport methods were used to study the corticocortical connectivity of areas 3a, 3b, 1, 2, 5, 4 and 6 of the monkey cerebral cortex. Fields were identified by cytoarchitectonic features and by thalamic connectivity in the same brains. Area 3a was identified by first recording a short latency group I afferent evoked potential. Attempts were made to analyze the data in terms of: (1) routes whereby somatic sensory input might influence the performance of motor cortex neurons; (2) possible multiple representations of the body surface in the component fields of the first somatic sensory area (SI). Apart from vertical interlaminar connections, two types of intracortical connectivity are recognized. The first, regarded as "non-specific," consists of axons spreading out in layers I, III and V-VI from all sides of an injection of isotope; these cross architectonic borders indiscrimininately. They are not unique to the regions studied. The second is formed by axons entering the white matter and re-entering other fields. In these, they terminate in layers I-IV in one or more mediolaterally oriented strips of fairly constant width (0.5--1 mm) and separated by gaps of comparable size. Though there is a broadly systematic topography in these projections, the strips are probably best regarded as representing some feature other than receptive field position. Separate representations are nevertheless implied in area 3b, in areas 1 and 2 (together), in areas 3a and 4 (together) and in area 5; with, in each case, the representations of the digits pointed at the central sulcus. Area 3b is not connected with areas 3a or 4, but projects to a combined areas 1 and 2. Area 1 is reciprocally connected with area 3a and area 2 reciprocally with area 4. The connectivity of area 3a, as conventionally identified, is such that it is probably best regarded not as an entity, but as a part of area 4. Areas identified by others as area 3a should probably be regraded as parts of area 3b. Parts of area 5 that should be more properly considered as area 2, and other parts that receive thalamic input not from the ventrobasal complex but from the lateral nuclear complex and anterior pulvinar, are also interconnected with area 4. More posterior parts of area 5 are connected with laterally placed parts of area 6. A more medial part of area 6, the supplementary motor area, occupies a pivotal position in the sensory-motor cortex, for it receives fibers from areas 3a, 4, 1, 2 and 5 (all parts), and projects back to areas 3a, 4 and 5.
Double Barrier Si-based Quantum Well Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTD) by UHV Wafer Bonding (2008)

Abstract not Available.