gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Weather-Caused Power Outages: Technique Development, Evaluation, Applications (2019)

Storms are the primary cause of extensive power outages in electric distribution networks. Storm power outage prediction is therefore fundamental for an efficient and effective response to weather-based power outages. In this work, we address the problem of storm outage prediction by improving an existing outage prediction model (OPM) originally developed for thunderstorm and extratropical storms, and extending its structure for predicting outages associated with mixed phase precipitation (snow, ice, freezing rain) events. The herein developed OPMs use either regression trees or statistical models fed by numerical weather prediction outputs, leaf area index (LAI), infrastructure, land cover, soil type, elevation, and historical outage data to forecast number and spatial distribution of power outages during storms. OPM improvements for thunderstorms and extratropical storms consist in the introduction of new modules: a storm classifier, a multimodel optimization, and a module for implementing LAI. Cross-validation results show that the median absolute percentage error of the new OPM decreases from 130 percent to 59 percent for outage predictions at the service territory level, and that the OPM skills for operational forecasts are consistent with the skills based on historical storm analyses. Beyond thunderstorms and extratropical storms OPMs, two models are developed for predicting power outages during snow and ice storms: a machine learning (ML) based model predicting outages on a regular 4-km grid, and a generalized linear model (GLM) for power outage prediction at the town level. The most important variables for both models are assets, leaves on trees, snow density, and - for the ice model only - freezing rain and gusts. Coss-validation results show that the GLM has more skills than ML models for extreme events prediction, while ML models have better performance for lower impact events and present lower errors in the spatial distribution. The creation of reliable OPMs also allowed us to quantify the effects of a resiliency improvement on the power grid (the Enhanced Tree Trimming, ETT), using two independent methodologies. The first approach is a statistical study of the change of frequency of outage-free locations. The second approach uses the OPM as a vulnerability assessment tool to evaluate the change in the number of outages before and after ETT. From the statistical approach we show a 49% to 65% reduction of the outage-free grid cells during thunderstorms and extratropical storms coming from tree trimming. The OPM based analysis indicated that storm outages were reduced between 16% and 48% after performing ETT.
Everolimus-Eluting versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in Coronary Artery Disease (2010)

Everolimus-eluting stents, as compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents, resulted in reduced rates of target-lesion failure at 1 year, results that were consistent in all patients except those with diabetes, in whom the results were nonsignificantly different. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00307047.)
Multivariate Optimization of Networked Production Systems (1995)

Summary Today, many oil and gas production systems have flowline networks with many wells and surface pipelines. In the design of such production systems, the determination of parameters like separator pressure, the diameters of tubing, pipeline, or surface choke, and the length of pipeline is important to the achievement of an optimum production rate. The optimization of such problems, however, has been difficult because of the nonlinearity of the solution caused by the interaction between these parameters. In this work, multiple production parameters were optimized simultaneously in well networks in terms of a profit-based objective function, such as total production rate, net income from the oil product, or present value discounted by interest rates. The techniques applied in this work were Newton-type methods (derivative based), the polytope method (function-value based), and a new technique that uses a genetic algorithm (GA). On the basis of several test calculations on various types of optimization problems, the polytope method turned out to be the most efficient and consistent for low dimension problems with small numbers of wells, while the GA performed well in large systems with many variables to be optimized. The optimization of a pipeline network system was achieved successfully without any limitation on the selection of objective functions and decision variables to be optimized. The optimization technique can be used in the design stage of newly developed fields or in the planning of workovers in existing fields. The combination of this technique with reservoir simulation would be a powerful tool in a project implementation design process.
Towards Compile-Time Optimisations for Persistence (1990)

We consider how a persistent programming language might offer performance competitive with that of non-persistent languages, at least on memory resident data. We are concernedwith object-oriented languages, and with implementing persistence via object faulting, where the system detects uses of non-resident objects and fetches them on demand. We present some background on object faulting and means for implementing it, and describe a specific language we are developing, namely Persistent Modula-3. Then we explore approaches to optimising persistence aspects of Persistent Modula-3, and outline techniques under consideration in our compiler development effort. 1 Introduction The Object Oriented Systems Group at the University of Massachusetts is engaged in research exploring the integration of programming languages with database technology. As a part of this work, we are involved in the development of persistent programming languages, as popularised by the PS-Algol effort [Atkinson et al....
Stepwise transformation of a cholera toxin and a p24 (HIV-1) epitope into D-peptide analogs (1998)

We have transformed two peptide epitopes into D-peptide analogs: VPGSQHIDS derived from cholera toxin recognized by the antibody TE33, and GATPQDLNTML from the HIV-1 capsid protein p24 recognized by the antibody CB4-1. The transformation process was performed by stepwise substitution of each single epitope position by all 19 D-amino acids and glycine followed by antibody binding studies and selection of one D-analog for further transformation. Thus, each transformation step introduced one novel D-position into the peptide. For both epitopes complete D-analogs were obtained. The cholera toxin-derived variant dwGsqhydp binds to the antibody TE33 with higher affinity than its original epitope, whereas in the case of the p24-derived analog saGdwwGkssl lower affinity was detected. Both D-peptides are completely stable in serum for several days. Antibody interaction models for both D-molecules were generated by computer-assisted modelling based on the crystal structures of the starting complexes. Compared with the L-peptides, the binding conformation of dwGsqhydp is very similar, whereas saGdwwGkssl displays a completely different interaction mode.
Ada/C To Behavioral VHDL Translator. (1996)

Abstract : This is the final report associated with RASSP BAA contract sponsored by Wright Laboratory whose main objective is to develop two source language Translators, an Ada-to-VHDL Translator and a C-to-VHDL Translator. These are referred to collectively as the High-Level Language to VHDL Translators (HVT). The Translators perform source-to-source code translation, i.e., given an input program coded in Ada or C, the output is a behavioral VHDL source coded program which is functionally equivalent to the original input program.
In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of a new amphotericin B emulsion-based delivery system (1996)

The in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity and activity of a new emulsion-based delivery system for amphotericin B (AmB-E) and of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (Fungizone) were studied. In vitro, Candida albicans and human red blood cells (RBCs) were treated with either product and dose-response curves for various cellular effects (changes in potassium cell content, haemoglobin leakage from RBCs and colony-forming ability of fungal cells) were obtained. AmB-E was less toxic than Fungizone against human RBCs and equally active against C. albicans cells. In-vivo studies showed that the LD50 of AmB-E and Fungizone in noninfected OF1 mice were 7.24 and 3.46 mg/kg, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy of AmB-E was assessed in murine candidiasis. Firstly, the efficacy of equal doses (0.8 mg/kg) of AmB-E and Fungizone was evaluated in infected mice. Both formulations increased the survival time compared to the control and were equally effective in reducing the cfu counts in the kidney. In the same model of infection, the maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of Fungizone and AmB-E were determined in order to study the efficacies of Fungizone and AmB-E at their respective MTD. AmB-E significantly increased the number of long-term survivors compared with Fungizone (MTD:2 and 1 mg/kg, respectively). Thus, AmB-E was more effective than Fungizone for treatment of systemic mycoses at the MTD.
Formation of Periodic Diffraction Structures at Semiconductor Surfaces for Studying the Dynamics of Photoinduced Phase Transitions (2000)

New methods for the formation of measuring periodic diffraction structures at silicon surfaces are proposed and tested. The one-dimensional grating is formed at a surface of implanted silicon by nanosecond laser annealing in the regime of interference of two crossed beams. The two-dimensional grating is formed at the surface of single-crystal silicon by implantation through a special periodic mask. Diffraction gratings formed are amplitude gratings because their periodically alternating fragments differ only in the reflection coefficient. The amplitude gratings were transformed into phase gratings by irradiation by pulses of incoherent light in the regime of local melting. A noticeable increase in the diffraction efficiency is found in this case, which allows these gratings to be used to study the dynamics of various phase transitions induced by high-power incoherent light pulses in implanted silicon.
An Additional Secretory Protein in the Rat Pancreas (1984)

An additional protein in rat pancreatic juice has been observed, which is present in healthy rats after pancreatic duct cannulation or in rats in which experimental pancreatitis has been induced by either cerulein or taurocholate. The protein appears 1/2-1 day after surgery or onset of pancreatitis, is present for the following 3-4 days and disappears afterwards. It is found in pancreatic homogenate or in zymogen granules from rats with pancreatitis, but not in normal rats. It does not seem to be related to the recently described 'pancreatic stone protein'. We would like to refer to this protein as 'pancreatitis-associated protein'.
Adaptable waveform design for enhanced detection of moving targets (2017)

In this study, a spectrum sharing technique is investigated for enhanced detection of moving targets. This approach, the spectrum sensing‐multi‐objective optimisation technique, passively monitors the electromagnetic environment for radio frequency (RF) emissions radiated by RF systems. This technique then identifies a continuous frequency sub‐band that simultaneously maximises radar performance and reduces the radars spectral footprint. The goal of the investigation presented in this study is to quantify performance improvement of a notional radar model in the presence of RF emissions measured at 2.42 GHz (by a real‐time spectrum analyser). In addition to an improved signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio, the proposed radar model increases range resolution performance as the target approaches the radar.
Hepatic, Metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders of Alcoholism: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2000)

Much progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, resulting in an improvement in treatment. Nutritional deficiencies should be corrected when present but, because of the alcohol-induced disease process, some of the nutritional requirements change. For instance, methionine, one of the essential amino acids for humans, must be activated to S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), but, in severe liver disease, the activity of the corresponding enzyme is depressed. Therefore, the resulting deficiencies and associated pathology can be attenuated by the administration of SAMe, but not by methionine. Similarly, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) activity, which is important for hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, is also depressed in alcoholic liver disease, therefore calling for the administration of the products of the reaction. Inasmuch as free radical generation by the ethanol-induced CYP2E1 plays a key role in the oxidative stress, inhibitors of this enzyme have great promise and PPC, which is presently being evaluated clinically, is particularly interesting because of its innocuity. In view of the striking negative interaction between alcoholic liver injury and hepatitis C, an antiviral agent is eagerly awaited that, unlike Interferon, is not contraindicated in the alcoholic. Antiinflamatory agents may also be useful. In addition to steroids, down-regulators of cytokines and endotoxin are being considered. Finally, anticraving agents such as naltrexone or acamprosate should be incorporated into any contemplated therapeutic cocktail.
Characterization of Biological Types of Cattle - Cycle II: III. Carcass Composition, Quality and Palatability2 (1979)

Composition and quality characteristics of 775 steer carcasses obtained from matings of Hereford, Angus, Red Poll, Brown Swiss, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou and Chianina sires to Hereford and Angus cows were compared after adjustment to equal 1) age, 2) weight, 3) fat thickness, 4) fat trim percentage and 5) marbling score end points. Breed groups differed significantly in growth rate of fat, lean and bone. The average liveweight at which breed groups reached 18.9% fat trim was 400 kg for straight-bred Angus, 416 kg for Red Poll crosses, 418 kg for Hereford-Angus crosses, 439 kg for straight-bred Herefords, 523 kg for Brown Swiss crosses, 536 kg for Gelbvieh crosses, 564 kg for Maine Anjou crosses and 661 kg for Chianina crosses. At equal fat trim percentage there were significant differences in marbling, but only small differences in percentage of retail product or bone were observed, which indicates only slight differences in muscle-to-bone ratio among breed groups. At a constant fat thickness breed group differences in composition were reduced more than 50% relative to differences at a constant age (although some breed group differences remained because of differential deposition of subcutaneous, intermuscular, intramuscular and kidney and pelvic fat). Differences in composition were greatest at a constant weight. Growth rate of breed groups and percentage of retail product and bone were positively associated. Taste-panel evaluation of a subset of 377 carcasses revealed that breed groups differed significantly in tenderness; all groups, however, were scored in the range of moderately tender. Sire breed groups did not differ significantly in juiciness or flavor. The results indicate that in animals of similar age and raised under the same feeding and management conditions, differences in palatability among breed groups were small.
Experience with inhaled iloprost and bosentan in portopulmonary hypertension (2007)

Novel treatments, such as prostanoids or endothelin receptor antagonists, have been introduced for various forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the long-term effects of these treatments on portopulmonary hypertension (PPHT) are unknown. In a retrospective analysis, the present authors assessed the safety and efficacy of inhaled iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, and bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with PPHT. In total, 31 consecutive patients with Child class A or B cirrhosis and severe PPHT were treated for up to 3 yrs with either inhaled iloprost (n = 13) or bosentan (n = 18), and the effects on exercise capacity, haemodynamics and survival were evaluated. In the iloprost group, the survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 yrs were 77, 62 and 46%, respectively. In the bosentan group, the respective survival rates were 94, 89 and 89%. Event-free survival rates, i.e. survival without transplantation, right heart failure or clinical worsening requiring the introduction of a new treatment for pulmonary hypertension, was also significantly better in the bosentan group. Bosentan had significantly better effects than inhaled iloprost on exercise capacity, as determined by the 6-min walk test, as well as on haemodynamics. Both treatments proved to be safe, especially in regards of liver function. In the present series of patients with well-preserved liver function and severe portopulmonary hypertension, treatment with both inhaled iloprost and bosentan appeared to be safe. Patients treated with bosentan had higher survival rates, but prospective controlled studies are required to confirm these findings.
Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency identified as the primary defect in the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification. (1983)

The clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in three siblings affected with the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification have been reported. In an effort to explain the pleiotropic effects of the mutation producing this disorder, we postulated a defect in carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), the only one of the three soluble isozymes of carbonic anhydrase that is known to be synthesized in kidney and brain. We report here biochemical and immunological evidence for the virtual absence of CA II in erythrocytes of patients affected with this condition, whereas CA I level is not reduced. Levels of CA II in erythrocyte hemolysates from asymptomatic obligate heterozygotes are about half of normal. These findings: (i) elucidate the basic defect in one form of inherited osteopetrosis; (ii) provide genetic evidence implicating CA II in osteoclast function and bone resorption; (iii) explain previous observations that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors block the normal parathyroid hormone-induced release of calcium from bone; (iv) clarify the role of renal CA II in urinary acidification and bicarbonate reabsorption; and (v) suggest a method to identify heterozygous carriers for the gene for this recessively inherited syndrome.
New distance protective relay with improved coverage for high-resistance earth faults (1977)

Distance-type protective equipment often has, for a variety of practical reasons, rather limited tolerance to high-resistance earth-fault conditions. In this paper, a new distance relay, which has increased resistive coverage, is described, and it is shown to possess a characteristic which varies so as to accommodate more closely the impedance measured for various prefault loading conditions. Complicated setting procedures are avoided, and the results of dynamic tests show that the accuracy of the measurement can be maintained. A high degree of immunity to balanced phenomena such as power swings and operation during faults not involving a particular phase is inherent to the new relays. The paper concludes with a presentation of results relating to an application involving a 220 kV line of unearthed construction.
Safety of Pseudomonas chlororaphis as a gene source for genetically modified crops (2018)

Genetically modified crops undergo extensive evaluation to characterize their food, feed and environmental safety prior to commercial introduction, using a well-established, science-based assessment framework. One component of the safety assessment includes an evaluation of each introduced trait, including its source organism, for potential adverse pathogenic, toxic and allergenic effects. Several Pseudomonas species have a history of safe use in agriculture and certain species represent a source of genes with insecticidal properties. The ipd072Aa gene from P. chlororaphis encodes the IPD072Aa protein, which confers protection against certain coleopteran pests when expressed in maize plants. P. chlororaphis is ubiquitous in the environment, lacks known toxic or allergenic properties, and has a history of safe use in agriculture and in food and feed crops. This information supports, in part, the safety assessment of potential traits, such as IPD072Aa, that are derived from this source organism.
Characterization of a low-molecular-weight virus-associated (VA) RNA encoded by simian adenovirus type 7 which functionally can substitute for adenovirus type 5 VA RNAI (1986)

Human adenoviruses (Ads), like Ad type 2 (Ad2) and Ad5, encode a low-molecular-weight RNA (designated virus-associated [VA] RNAI) which is required for the efficient translation of viral mRNAs late after infection. We cloned and characterized a VA RNA gene from simian adenovirus type 7 (SA7) which appears to have biological activity analogous to that of Ad2 VA RNAI. Thus, SA7 VA RNA stimulates protein synthesis in a transient expression assay and can also functionally substitute for VA RNAI during lytic growth of human Ad5. The SA7 genome encodes only one VA RNA species, in contrast to human Ad2, which encodes two distinct species. This RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III in the rightward direction from a gene located at about coordinate 30 on the viral genome, like its Ad2 counterparts. SA7 VA RNA shows only a limited primary sequence homology with the Ad2 VA RNAs (approximately 55%); the flanking sequences, in fact, are better conserved than the VA RNA gene itself. The predicted secondary structure of SA7 VA RNA is, however, very similar to that of Ad2 VA RNAI, inferring that the double-stranded nature rather than the primary sequence of VA RNA is important for its biological activity.
Application Of A Contrast Enhancement Material To Broadband Projection Printing (1985)

A Contrast Enhancement Material (CEM), G.E. Altilith CEM-388, has been gaining acceptance on semiconductor fabrication lines using h line step-and-repeat systems. Although a bilevel system, the use of CEM-388 is relatively simple, and has shown significant increases in practical resolution when used at 405 nm. A considerable advantage may also be gained by using this system with Micralign projection printers, especially in improving resolution over steps. This paper will present the practical aspects of using CEM-388 in such systems and illustrate the effects on resolution, step coverage, C.D. control, and wafer throughput. The presence and control of inhibition effects will also be discussed.
Frame synchronization for PSAM on Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) is a method to reduce the effects of fading in mobile communications by periodically inserting known symbols in the data stream. The receiver uses these pilot symbols to derive its amplitude and phase reference. One aspect of this procedure which has not received much attention in the literature is the method used by the receiver to locate the pilot symbols. This paper satisfies that need by investigating optimum and sub-optimum frame synchronization techniques for the case of an M-QAM data symbol set and a PSK pilot sequence.