gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity of Zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) Nanoparticles and Zirconium Complexes (2012)

The antimicrobial activities of zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles and zirconium mixed ligand complexes were studied on bacterial strains of E. coli, S. aureus and fungal strain of A. niger. The nanoparticles of zirconia and Zr(IV) complexes with different amino acids as ligands were synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HRTEM confirmed the crystalline nature and morphology of the synthesized products. The antimicrobial studies revealed that the zirconia exhibits activity only against the E. coli, whereas, the Zr(IV) complexes exhibits activity against both the bacteria: gram -ve E. coli and gram +ve S. aureus as well as fungal strains. The Zr(IV) complexes are found to possess significant antifungal activity against A. niger. The results are indicative of crystal plane-dependent antimicrobial activity of zirconia nanoparticles and complexes. The observed difference in the antibacterial activity of ZrO2 crystals and Zr(IV) complexes may be ascribed to the atomic arrangements of different exposed surfaces. On the basis of the study, it could be speculated that the ZrO2 nanoparticles with the same surface areas but with different shapes i.e., different active facets will show different antimicrobial activity.
Histological Changes in the Rat Common Carotid Artery Induced by Aneurysmal Wrapping and Coating Materials (1999)

Histological changes in and around the arterial walls of rats were investigated following topical application of aneurysmal wrapping and coating materials, including a fibrin glue, a cyanoacrylate glue (Biobond), and cotton fibers (Bemsheet). Bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed using sterile techniques, and one of the test materials was applied to the right artery. The left artery was used as the control. Changes in arterial histology were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. The fibrin glue was surrounded by intense inflammation at 2 weeks after surgery. Both the fibrin glue and inflammation had disappeared at 2 months, but the glue had induced mild inflammation in the adventitia. Biobond caused chronic inflammation, necrosis of the media, and thickening of the arterial wall due to fibrosis in both the media and adventitia. Bemsheet produced chronic inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and granuloma. Connective tissue increased in the adventitia, but no major changes were observed in the media. The Bemsheet fibers remained unchanged, and adhered to the arterial wall. Although arterial stenoses were not observed in the present study, the results suggest that cyanoacrylate glue can cause the arterial occlusive lesions observed following aneurysm surgery.
INDOOR NAVIGATION FROM POINT CLOUDS: 3D MODELLING AND OBSTACLE DETECTION (2016)

Abstract. In the recent years, indoor modelling and navigation has become a research of interest because many stakeholders require navigation assistance in various application scenarios. The navigational assistance for blind or wheelchair people, building crisis management such as fire protection, augmented reality for gaming, tourism or training emergency assistance units are just some of the direct applications of indoor modelling and navigation. Navigational information is traditionally extracted from 2D drawings or layouts. Real state of indoors, including opening position and geometry for both windows and doors, and the presence of obstacles is commonly ignored. In this work, a real indoor-path planning methodology based on 3D point clouds is developed. The value and originality of the approach consist on considering point clouds not only for reconstructing semantically-rich 3D indoor models, but also for detecting potential obstacles in the route planning and using these for readapting the routes according to the real state of the indoor depictured by the laser scanner.
Long-Tenn Results of Small Vessel Anastomoses with a Ring Technic (1965)

HALLER, JORDAN D. M.D.; KRIPKE, DAVID C. M.D.; ROSENAK, STEPHEN S. M.D.; DEE, RONALD M.D.; ROBERTS, THEOPHILUS M.D.; ROHMAN, MICHAEL M.D.; GOETZ, ROBERT H. M.D. Author Information
Molecular biology progress of small cell lung cancer (2018)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is typified by early recurrence and metastasis associated with many genetic changes. The drug ROVA-T composed of the DLL3 antibody Rovalpituzumab and the cytoto-xic drug Tesirine achieves the tumor-killing effect by releasing the Tesirine when bound to DLL3. Nfib promotes the SCLC metastasis by altering the structure of the chromosome. The PRAP, EZH2 and Wee1 inhibitors inhibit the DNA damage repair to improve the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Combination of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab can activate the human immune system to exert antitumor effect.


Key words: 
Carcinoma, small cell; Immunotherapy; Targeted therapy
Web Services Methods for Communication over IP (2007)

In this paper, we study Web services methods and approaches to enable real-time communication services over IP. This approach extends Web services methodologies from service integration to a service-oriented approach for communication. In particular, we describe the generic Web service based application session management, WS-Session, the two-way full duplex Web service interaction framework, and most importantly, the development of Web service initiation protocol (WIP) which is a full featured Web service and SOA based communication framework for multimedia and voice communication over IP. We show that WIP provides a service oriented architecture which can be extended seamlessly from a P2P endpoint to an endpoint with advanced call control and switching capabilities typically requiring the assistance of a dedicated PBX. A prototype of WIP system is fully developed. Architectural design and system implementation of Web service based communication endpoints are studied and applied to realize service-oriented communication over IP. Advances of WIP indicate the beginning of a full Web service and SOA based communication paradigm that can reshape the converged communication over IP.
Immunoreactivity of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament H subunit (pNF‐H) in blood of ALS model rodents and ALS patients: evaluation of blood pNF‐H as a potential ALS biomarker (2009)

Levels of neurofilament subunits, potential biomarkers of motor axon breakdown, are increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient's CSF but data on blood are not available. We measured blood levels of the phosphorylated axonal form of neurofilament H (pNF-H) by ELISA in transgenic rodent models of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) ALS, and in 20 ALS patients and 20 similar aged controls monthly for 4 months. All symptomatic rodent ALS models showed robust levels of blood pNF-H, while control rodents or mice transgenic for unmutated SOD1 showed no detectable blood pNF-H. Average pNF-H levels in the G93A SOD1 mouse progressively increased from day 74 through death (day approximately 130). Median blood pNF-H level in ALS patients was 2.8-fold higher than controls (p < 0.001). Median ALSFRS-R declined a median of 0.8 pt/month (p < 0.001); higher baseline pNF-H level appeared to be associated with faster ALSFRS-R decline over 4 months (p = 0.087). The median rate of decline in ALSFRS-R was 1.9 pt/month in patients with baseline pNF-H levels above the median pNF-H value of 0.53 ng/mL; ALSFRS-R declined at a median of 0.6 pt/month in patients below this level. The pNF-H levels were relatively stable month to month in individual patients, raising questions regarding the molecular pathogenesis of ALS. Baseline control human pNF-H levels were higher in men than women and increased minimally over time. These data suggest that blood pNF-H can be used to monitor axonal degeneration in ALS model rodents and support further study of this protein as a potential biomarker of disease prognosis in ALS patients.
EFECTO DEL VENENO DE Latrodectus mactans EN LOS NIVELES PLASMÁTICOS DE ÓXIDO NÍTRICO Y EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO SEXUAL EN Oryctolagus cunniculus (2014)

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del veneno de Latrodectus mactans en los niveles plasmaticos de oxido nitrico y el comportamiento sexual de Oryctolagus cunniculus. Material y metodo: Se capturaron 10 especimenes de Latrodectus mactans en las inmediaciones del campus de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo en lugares secos, abrigados y oscuros. Se adquirieron 7 especimenes machos y 7 hembras de Oryctolagus cunniculus a los que se inyecto 0.1 mL de veneno de arana. Se determinaron los niveles de oxido nitrico (NO) indirectamente por la conversion en nitritos (NO 2 -) y nitratos (NO 3 - ) que son los principales productos de degradacion del NO, por el metodo de Metodo de Griess. Se evaluo el comportamiento sexual teniendo en cuenta los siguientes parametros: frecuencia de monta, frecuencia de intromisiones, latencia de monta, latencia de intromisiones y latencia post eyaculatoria. Resultados: Se observo que los niveles de NO aumentaron en promedio a 7.75µmol /ml con la administracion de 0.1 ml del homogenizado de veneno de Latrodectus mactans (p < 0.05) comparados con la administracion de 0.1 mL de Solucion Salina Fisiologica (grupo blanco) que aumento a 4.06µmol /ml en promedio (p < 0.05). En el comportamiento sexual se observo un aumento en la frecuencia de monta, frecuencia de intromisiones y disminucion en la latencia de intromisiones y latencia post eyaculatoria (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: El veneno de Latrodectus mactans eleva en forma significativa los niveles plasmaticos de oxido nitrico en Oryctolagus cunniculus , ademas estimula el comportamiento sexual de dichos especimenes. Palabras clave: Latrodectus mactans , Oxido nitrico, comportamiento sexual.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and associated factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in governmental and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institutional based cross-sectional study (2017)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important medical procedure which is needed for individuals who face sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition and a leading cause of death among adults over the age of 40 years in the United States and other countries. Reports showed that about 1,000,000 people die of cardiac arrest every year in the United States and Europe. To assess knowledge, attitude and associated factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in governmental and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa governmental and private hospitals from March to August, 2014. Simple random sampling was used and structured questionnaires on cardiopulmonary resuscitation which is adopted from American Heart Association were distributed. The questionnaire had 20 items related to anesthetists’ knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 8 items related to their attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anesthetists were divided on the base of their age, gender, experience, private and governmental hospitals, training they took previously and level of education. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data using SPSS version 20 and participants’ level of attitude was measured by using a Likert scale. Percentages were worked out and the results were interpreted. From a total of 150 anesthetist participants, 140 of them or 93.3% scored below 84%. Those participants who were trained by CPR specialists, trained very recently, have higher degree and higher experience scored higher than their counter parts in items of level of knowledge. The level of knowledge on cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in Addis Ababa governmental and private hospitals was found to be poor (93.3%) according to 84% American Heart Association reference for CPR certification. Key words:  Anesthetists, attitude, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, knowledge.
Isolation of Curcumin from Turmeric (2000)

Turmeric, the dried yellow rhizome of Curcuma longa, is a common oriental spice that gives curry dishes their characteristic yellowish color and is used in Indian and Thai cooking. The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin, which is approximately 2% by weight of the root of turmeric. We have developed two simple procedures for isolation of curcumin from turmeric, making this a new and interesting natural product isolation experiment.
Control of Tumorigenesis and Chemoresistance by the DEK Oncogene (2010)

Slight modifications of chromatin dynamics can translate into small- and large-scale changes in DNA replication and DNA repair. Similarly, promoter usage and accessibility are tightly dependent on chromatin architecture. Consequently, it is perhaps not surprising that factors controlling chromatin organization are frequently deregulated (directly or indirectly) in cancer cells. DEK is emerging as a novel class of DNA topology modulators that can be both targets and effectors of protumorigenic events. The locus containing DEK at chromosome 6p22.3 is amplified or reorganized in multiple cancer types. In addition, DEK can be subject to a variety of tumor-associated transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In turn, DEK can favor cell transformation, at least in part by inhibiting cell differentiation and premature senescence. More recently, DEK has also been linked to the resistance of malignant cells to apoptotic inducers. Interestingly, a fraction of DEK can also bind RNA and affect alternative splicing, further illustrating the pleiotropic roles that this protein may exert in cancer cells. Here we will summarize the current literature about the regulation and function(s) of DEK as a proto-oncogene. In addition, the translational relevance of DEK as a putative diagnostic marker and candidate for drug development will be discussed.
Aligned Inclusion of Hemicyanine Dyes into Silica Zeolite Films for Second Harmonic Generation (2003)

Silicalite-1 films (thickness = 400 nm) supported on both sides of glass plates (SL/G) were prepared, and hemicyanine dyes (HC-n) with different alkyl chain lengths (n, n = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, and 24) were included into the silicalite-1 films by dipping SL/Gs into each methanol solution of HC-n (1 mM) for 1 d. The included numbers of HC-n per channel (N(C)) generally decreased with increasing n; that is, they were 6.4, 23.1, 15.4, 8.2, 5.7, 3.5, 0.9, and 1.2 molecules per channel, respectively. The d(33) value gradually increased with increasing n but decreased when n > 18; that is, they were 1.12, 0.50, 2.25, 3.59, 4.99, 5.30, 1.71, and 2.57 pm V(-1), respectively. However, d(33)/N(C) progressively increased with increasing n. The d(31) values were approximately 100 times smaller than the corresponding d(33) values, and the average d(33)/d(31) ratio was 109, which is higher than those of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films and poled polymers of nonlinear optical (NLO) dyes, by approximately 2-5 and approximately 30-50 times, respectively. The estimated average tilted angle of the dyes with respect to the channel direction was 7.7 degrees, and the calculated average order parameter was 0.97, which is approximately 480 times higher than the values observed from poled polymers. The degree of uniform alignment (DUA) generally increased with increasing n. The progressive increase of both DUA and d(33)/N(C) with n is attributed to the increase in the tendency of HC-n to enter hydrophobic silicalite-1 channels with the hydrophobic alkyl chain first. A more than 134-fold increase in DUA was observed upon increasing n from 6 to 24. The DUA of HC-24 in the silicalite-1 film reached close to 1. Although the observed d(33) values were lower than those of the LB films of NLO dyes due to very small dye densities of the silicalite films, this methodology bears a great potential to be developed into the methods for preparing practically viable NLO films.
Involvement of the Nrf2 Pathway in the Regulation of Pterostilbene-Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via ER Stress (2014)

Among the various cancer cell lines, HeLa cells were found to be sensitive to pterostilbene (Pte), a compound that is enriched in small fruits such as grapes and berries. However, the mechanism involved in the cytotoxicity of Pte has not been fully characterized. Using biochemical and free radical biological experiments in vitro, we identified the pro-apoptotic profiles of Pte and evaluated the level of redox stress-triggered ER stress during HeLa cell apoptosis. The data showed a strong dose-response relationship between Pte exposure and the characteristics of HeLa apoptosis in terms of changes in apoptotic morphology, DNA fragmentation, and activated caspases in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. During drug exposure, alterations in the intracellular redox homeostasis that favor oxidation were necessary to cause ER stress-related apoptosis, as demonstrated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic redox modulators. A statistically significant and dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) was found with regard to the unique expression levels of Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes in HeLa cells undergoing late apoptosis, levels that were restored with anti-oxidant application with the Pte treatment. Our research demonstrated that Pte trigged ER stress by redox homeostasis imbalance, which was negatively regulated by a following activation of Nrf2.
Optimization of Chitin Extraction from Shrimp Shells (2002)

The aim of this paper is to define optimal conditions for the extraction of chitin from shrimp shells. The kinetics of both demineralization and deproteinization with, in the latter case, the role of temperature are studied. The characterization of the residual calcium and protein contents, the molecular weights, and degrees of acetylation (DA) allows us to propose the optimal conditions as follows. The demineralization is completely achieved within 15 min at ambient temperature in an excess of HCl 0.25 M (with a solid-to-liquid ratio of about 1/40 (w/v)). The deproteinization is conveniently obtained in NaOH 1 M within 24 h at a temperature close to 70 degrees C with no incidence on the molecular weight or the DA. In these conditions, the residual content of calcium in chitin is below 0.01%, and the DA is almost 95%.
Autoantibodies against galectin-2 peptides as biomarkers for the antiphospholipid syndrome (2012)

Autoantibodies against opsonins of dying and dead cells mediate Fcγ receptor-dependent phagocytosis of autologous apoptotic and necrotic cells and hereby tend to elicit inflammation instead of silent clearance. We analysed sera of patients with chronic autoimmune diseases for the occurrence of IgG autoantibodies recognizing galectins. These pluripotent effectors can also bind to apoptotic or necrotic cells. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; n = 104) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 62) were examined, healthy donors (n = 31) served as controls. Selected peptides of galectin (Gal)-2 were employed for peptide-based ELISAs. Levels of anti-Gal-2(PEP)-IgG were significantly increased in SLE and APS when compared with controls. In addition, patients with APS showed significantly higher levels of anti-Gal-2(PEP)-IgG compared with patients with SLE. Anti-Gal-2(PEP)-IgG may, therefore, be considered novel biomarkers for APS.
Parallelized Boosting with Map-Reduce (2010)

In this paper, we propose two novel algorithms, ADABOOST.PL (Parallel ADABOOST) and LOGITBOOST.PL (Parallel LOGITBOOST), that facilitate simultaneous participation of multiple computing nodes to construct a boosted classifier. Our algorithms can induce boosted models whose generalization performance is close to the respective baseline classifier. By exploiting their own parallel architecture both the algorithms gain significant speedup. We used the Map-Reduce framework to implement our algorithms and experimented on a variety of synthetic and real-world data sets to demonstrate the performance in terms of classification accuracy, speedup and scaleup.
Tschernichite, the mineral analogue of zeolite Beta (1991)

Tschernichite, a new mineral that occurs with boggsite near Goble, Oregon, has a disordered structure of the Beta type.
Genetic and life-history traits associated with the distribution of prophages in bacteria (2016)

Nearly half of the sequenced bacteria are lysogens and many of their prophages encode adaptive traits. Yet, the variables driving prophage distribution remain undetermined. We identified 2246 prophages in complete bacterial genomes to study the genetic and life-history traits associated with lysogeny. While optimal growth temperatures and average cell volumes were not associated with lysogeny, prophages were more frequent in pathogens and in bacteria with small minimal doubling times. Their frequency also increased with genome size, but only for genomes smaller than 6 Mb. The number of spacers in CRISPR-Cas systems and the frequency of type III systems were anticorrelated with prophage frequency, but lysogens were more likely to encode type I and type II systems. The minimal doubling time was the trait most correlated with lysogeny, followed by genome size and pathogenicity. We propose that bacteria with highly variable growth rates often encounter lower opportunity costs for lysogeny relative to lysis. These results contribute to explain the paucity of temperate phages in certain bacterial clades and of bacterial lysogens in certain environments. They suggest that genetic and life-history traits affect the contributions of temperate phages to bacterial genomes.
Ultranarrow-bandwidth atomic filter with Raman light amplification (2008)

A Raman-amplified atomic filter is demonstrated experimentally. With a coupling light detuned from the D2 line of 85Rb, a weak signal light can be amplified by a factor of 55, and the bandwidth of the filter's transmission spectrum is narrowed to approximately 60 MHz. Moreover, the transmission wavelength is adjustable by changing the coupling-light frequency. Compared with a conventional dispersive atomic filter, this Raman-amplified atomic filter could be more efficient to suppress background noise in free-space quantum-key distribution or a laser-communication system.
Pump-induced dispersion of erbium-doped fiber measured by Fourier-transform spectroscopy (1993)

We report the measurement of group index and dispersion in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier by Fourier transformation of low-coherence interferograms. In a germania-codoped fiber whose background dispersion was - 14 ps/(km nm) we measured resonant gain-induced changes as high as 9 and -12 ps/(km nm) near 1.536 microm. The interferometric measurements agree with calculations based on a Kramers-Kronig transformation of absorption and emission spectra.
Polarization rotation with ultra-thin bianisotropic metasurfaces (2016)

Controlling the polarization of light with efficient and ultra-thin devices is desirable for a myriad of optical systems. Bianisotropic metasurfaces offer a promising alternative to conventional optical components due to their ability to provide extreme wavefront and polarization control within a low profile. However, metasurfaces have typically suffered from poor efficiencies and extinction ratios due to the lack of systematic design procedures. Here, the first, to the best of our knowledge, impedance-matched polarization rotator with a subwavelength thickness that operates at optical frequencies is reported. The bianisotropic response needed for polarization rotation is systematically designed using cascaded plasmonic sheets. The metasurface is fabricated using straightforward nanolithography processes. Measurements demonstrate an efficiency of 45% and extinction ratio of 115 (20.6 dB) at the operating wavelength of 1.56 μm. This work experimentally demonstrates that a wide range of near-optimal bianisotropic responses can be designed and fabricated at optical frequencies. In the future, these surfaces could be utilized to develop high-performance, ultra-compact optical systems.