gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of induction heating in high-temperature epitaxial growth system (2018)

The temperature uniformity and heating efficiency in a high-temperature epitaxial growth system were investigated by modeling and simulating. The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the distribution of magnetic field and temperature field in the reactor of growth system. The simulation results showed that due to the skin effect and heat conduction in the conventional susceptor, the temperature distribution of the wafer on the susceptor is not uniform. However, the temperature uniformity of the wafer can be greatly improved by adding an air gap below the wafer. The existence of air gap effectively reduced the temperature on the center of the wafer, and the effect of its radius on temperature uniformity was studied. By calculating different frequencies and coil currents, the temperature and heating rate in the reactor with modified susceptor were investigated. The results indicated that higher temperature and faster heating rate can be obtained by increasing heating frequency and coil current. However, both lower and higher frequency will bring worse temperature uniformity.
Relation of Antifactor Xa Activity of Heparins and Antithrombotic Efficacy (1988)

In the present paper some of the characteristics of the pharmacodynamics of low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin and the importance of the inhibition of the factor Xa are outlined. In summary, there is some evidence that the inhibition of factor Xa mediated fibrin formation and antithrombotic effects. However, there is a lot of experimental evidence that heparin and LMW heparins induce antithrombotic effects by releasing compounds from vascular endothelium, too. Thus, distinct interactions of heparin and LMW heparins with the cellular compounds of the blood may modulate the antithrombotic and hemorrhagic capacities.
Quantification of the Compositional Information Provided by Immonium Ions on a Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (2008)

Immonium ions have been largely overlooked during the rapid expansion of mass spectrometry-based proteomics largely due to the dominance of ion trap instruments in the field. However, immonium ions are visible in hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometers, which are now widely available. We have created the largest database to date of high-confidence sequence assignments to characterize the appearance of immonium ions in CID spectra using a QTOF instrument under "typical" operating conditions. With these data, we are able to demonstrate excellent correlation between immonium ion peak intensity and the likelihood of the appearance of the expected amino acid in the assigned sequence for phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, histidine, valine, and the indistinguishable leucine and isoleucine residues. In addition, we have clearly demonstrated a positional effect whereby the proximity of the amino acid generating the immonium ion to the amino terminal of the peptide correlates with the strength of the immonium ion peak. This compositional information provided by the immonium ion peaks could substantially improve algorithms used for spectral assignment in mass spectrometry analysis using QTOF platforms.
DISCUSSION. RIVER WALLS, JETTIES, AND ANCILLARY BUILDINGS. STRUCTURAL AND BUILDING ENGINEERING DIVISION. (1944)

Keywords RIVERS, WALLS, JETTIES, ANCILLARY, BUILDINGS, LOADS, PILES, CANALS, ANCHORAGES, FAILURES, TIMBER, LARSSEN, PILING, PRECAST, DECKING, DOCKS, PUMPHOUSES, DRIVING, LOADING, TESTS, CORDTEX, DECKS, DERRICKS... Show All
The effect of spinal cord stimulation frequency in experimental painful diabetic polyneuropathy (2013)

The pain-relieving effect of SCS in PDP was studied in an experimental model. Our study shows that SCS on mechanical hypersensitivity in PDP rats is equally effective when applied at low, mid and high frequency.
Th e use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis (2015)

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) represents an enormous societal burden. Yet no approved procedure prevents the progressive destruction of the articular cartilage. Question: This review aims to update the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage regeneration in knee OA. Methods: A PubMed (MedLine) search related to MSCs and knee OA were analyzed. Articles related to the use of MSCs in knee OA were searched using the following key words: Knee OA stem cells and stifle joint stem cells. A total of 210 reports were found, but only 19 very selected and reviewed. The main criterion for selection was that the articles were focused in the aforementioned question. Results: Local delivery (intra-articular injection) of autologous MSCs has produced promising outcomes in 16 experimental models of knee OA. However, only 3 low-quality clinical studies have been reported so far on the role of MSCs injections in knee OA. Study design weakness prevented effective comparison of the efficacy of MSC injections with that of other treatments for relief of pain and other outcomes in human knee OA. The consistency of evidence of the clinical studies was low because of many uncontrolled variables. Conclusions: Animal experiments suggest that intra-articular injections of autologous MSCs can have the potential to promote cartilage regeneration in knee OA. Taking into account the low-quality of the data reported in clinical studies, my conclusion is that intra-articular injections of autologous MSCs in knee OA is a treatment that is still experimental.
Acoustic beam-based man-made underwater landmark detection method for multi-beam sonar (2017)

We proposed man-made underwater landmark and acoustic beam-based landmark detection method. Beams in multi-beam sonar are independent each other, and each beam can be assumed as a feature to distinguish interesting area. When beam passes the object, the column array of sonar image is composed highlighted and shadow areas. Using these property, it is possible to recognize the underwater landmark by beam-based detection method. The performance of the proposed method is verified through experimental results, and this method can be applied to autonomous underwater vehicles' navigation.
Unbounded Revocable Hierarchical Identity-Based Encryption with Adaptive-ID Security (2016)

Revocable hierarchical identity-based encryption (RHIBE) is a good candidate encryption for secure wireless communications. Its dynamic user management through the hierarchical key generation and revocation is efficient. Most existing RHIBEs are bounded which have to fix the maximum hierarchical depth of users at setup. In this paper, we propose the first unbounded and adaptively-ID secure RHIBE called U-RHIBE. Firstly, we design U-RHIBE extended from one unbounded HIBE scheme. The size of every secret key in our U-RHIBE is only linear with the hierarchical depth and the size of our public parameter is constant. Secondly, we design the first nested dual system encryption framework exclusively for the proof of the security of unbounded and revocable HIBE schemes. Our system model is scalable inherently to accommodate more levels of user adaptively with no adding workload or restarting the system. With a little increase of decryption cost comparing with Ryu's scheme, U-RHIBE firstly covers properties of adaptive-ID security, unbounded key delegation, efficient revocation, history-free key update, key exposure resistance and security against insiders.
Deployment of spare nodes in wireless sensor networks (2006)

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new trend of the future technology. Noble features of WSNs make them applicable to a variety of applications such as real time tracking of objects, monitoring of environmental conditions, monitoring of health structures, and preparing a ubiquitous computing environment. In this paper, we propose to deploy some redundant nodes altogether with main nodes of the network before the network startup phase. These randomly deployed nodes can be used for two purposes. They can either act as helpers to highly loaded nodes for relaying the traffic or replace the dead nodes for sensing and relaying purposes. This scheme allows the network to make use of the additional nodes according to the requirements of the network. The main strategy is to use spare nodes whenever needed. The main advantage of our method is in reducing the time of deploying additional nodes and also the time of utilizing them. This time reduction improves the efficiency of energy consumption
A unified inference procedure for a class of measures to assess improvement in risk prediction systems with survival data (2012)

Risk prediction procedures can be quite useful for the patient's treatment selection, prevention strategy, or disease management in evidence-based medicine. Often, potentially important new predictors are available in addition to the conventional markers. The question is how to quantify the improvement from the new markers for prediction of the patient's risk in order to aid cost-benefit decisions. The standard method, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, to measure the added value may not be sensitive enough to capture incremental improvements from the new markers. Recently, some novel alternatives to area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, such as integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement, were proposed. In this paper, we consider a class of measures for evaluating the incremental values of new markers, which includes the preceding two as special cases. We present a unified procedure for making inferences about measures in the class with censored event time data. The large sample properties of our procedures are theoretically justified. We illustrate the new proposal with data from a cancer study to evaluate a new gene score for prediction of the patient's survival.
High speed multi-level drivers for spectrally efficient optical transmission systems (2013)

High spectral efficiency modulation is key to addressing the optical network capacity challenge. Typical implementations of transmitters for advanced modulation formats use high-resolution silicon digital-to-analog converters, complemented by high bandwidth linear amplifiers to drive the electro-optic modulator. To overcome the limitations of this setup, both in speed and complexity, Bell Labs has proposed and realized an alternative approach based on a multi-level driver which operates at symbol rates up to 50 GBaud with swings up to 2×2 volts, sufficient to drive various common electro-optic modulators (Vπ ∼3–4 V). Over the past two years, multi-level drivers have enabled various Bell Labs optical system experiments relying on the high signal quality achieved and the rate flexibility offered. The circuit architecture, its main features, and the various system experiments are summarized.
Surface Chemistry Routes to Modulate the Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots: From Fluorescence Mechanism to Up‐Conversion Bioimaging Applications (2012)

Abstract The bandgap in graphene‐based materials can be tuned from 0 eV to that of benzene by changing size and/or surface chemistry, making it a rising carbon‐based fluorescent material. Here, the surface chemistry of small size graphene (graphene quantum dots, GQDs) is tuned programmably through modification or reduction and green luminescent GQDs are changed to blue luminescent GQDs. Several tools are employed to characterize the composition and morphology of resultants. More importantly, using this system, the luminescence mechanism (the competition between both the defect state emission and intrinsic state emission) is explored in detail. Experiments demonstrate that the chemical structure changes during modification or reduction suppresses non‐radiative recombination of localized electron‐hole pairs and/or enhances the integrity of surface π electron network. Therefore the intrinsic state emission plays a leading role, as opposed to defect state emission in GQDs. The results of time‐resolved measurements are consistent with the suggested PL mechanism. Up‐conversion PL of GQDs is successfully applied in near‐IR excitation for bioimaging.
A Constituency of Millions: "Elected" Senators Discuss Alternatives to Operating a Province-wide Constituency Office (2014)

Unlike Members of Parliament who are elected to well-defined constituencies, it�s unusual
for Canadian Senators to operate constituency offices in their efforts to represent their home
provinces/regions. Former Senator Bert Brown of Alberta, who was appointed to the Senate after
a province-sponsored election process, ran an office in Calgary as a part of his efforts to be an
active representative to the people of his province; but in separate interviews with the Canadian
Parliamentary Review, two current �elected� Senators from the province, Senators Doug Black
and Betty Unger, suggest they prefer to employ alternatives to a stationary physical space in
their outreach and consultations.
Towards End-to-End Acoustic Localization Using Deep Learning: From Audio Signal to Source Position Coordinates (2018)

This paper presents a novel approach for indoor acoustic source localization using microphone arrays and based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed solution is, to the best of our knowledge, the first published work in which the CNN is designed to directly estimate the three dimensional position of an acoustic source, using the raw audio signal as the input information avoiding the use of hand crafted audio features. Given the limited amount of available localization data, we propose in this paper a training strategy based on two steps. We first train our network using semi-synthetic data, generated from close talk speech recordings, and where we simulate the time delays and distortion suffered in the signal that propagates from the source to the array of microphones. We then fine tune this network using a small amount of real data. Our experimental results show that this strategy is able to produce networks that significantly improve existing localization methods based on SRP-PHAT strategies. In addition, our experiments show that our CNN method exhibits better resistance against varying gender of the speaker and different window sizes compared with the other methods.
Parametrische Darstellung der Nierenfunktion mit 99mTC-Merkaptoazetyltriglyzin (MAG3) (1989)

99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) has recently been introduced for imaging kidney function. Due to the much lower radiation dose per MBq, the total administered activity can be much higher than in the case of 131l-ortho-iodo-hippurate (OIH). The improved counting statistics make this tracer useful for parametric imaging of the kidneys. To investigate this potential of MAG3, its kinetics was compared with that of the reference tracer OIH in 38 patients. Parameters of extrarenal tracer kinetics such as the distribution volumes, the whole-body elimination times and the clearance rates showed a good correlation; however, the clearance rate of MAG3 was always lower than that of OIH. The intrarenal kinetics was investigated using the transfer function which was calculated by deconvolution analysis of the renographic curves. Parameters of the transfer function such as the amplitude, extraction fraction and mean transport time demonstrated a high correlation between the two tracers. Since MAG3 seems to be suitable for parametric imaging of kidney function, parametric images of perfusion, uptake, extraction and transport times were calculated by deconvolution analysis of the MAG3 pixel-renograms in various renal disorders. The parameters were distributed homogenously throughout the parenchyma of normal kidneys. In a kidney with a hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis the perfusion parameter was decreased and the time parameter was prolonged. Further examples of a renal graft acute tubular necrosis, an obstructive uropathy, an obstructive nephropathy and of a horse-shoe kidney demonstrate that the parametric images are useful for quantitative investigation of regional renal function.
Reservoir Engineering in Coal Seams: Part 2—Observations of Gas Movement in Coal Seams (1987)

Summary This paper, the second of two concerning the movement of gas in coal seams, covers observations of seam fluid pressures and flows in mines in northern and central Queensland, Australia. Techniques based primarily on underground measurement rather than measurements from surface boreholes were used to gain information on the seams. The techniques used for in-seam studies are described because they differ substantially from conventional oil and gas surface borehole techniques. The paper demonstrates the importance of cleats and joints in the control of fluid movement and records flow increases consistent with increasing permeability with production.
O Conceito de potencial múltiplo da inteligência de Howard Gardner para pensar dispositivos pedagógicos multimidiáticos (2005)

O surgimento do ciberespaco e sua utilizacao em processos de aprendizagem, quer presenciais ou a distância, tem exigido a formacao de equipes transdisciplinares para pensar uma nova engenharia para o processo ensino-aprendizagem. A discussao sobre uma nova ecologia cognitiva passa a fazer parte das agendas de todos os paises que buscam modernizar seus projetos educativos. Este artigo registra um estudo teorico sobre a cognicao a partir da obra de Howard Gardner. A pesquisa esta sendo desenvolvida num contexto interdisciplinar ( www.ead.ufpb/grupodepesquisa ) e objetiva a construcao de perspectivas teoricas sobre interatividade e processos de aprendizagem humana. Discute o conceito de potencial multiplo da inteligencia na tentativa de articula-lo a relacao conhecimento-tecnologia e aos processos de construcao da ergonomia de softwares e plataformas produzidas com fins educativos, isto e, como facilitadores de formacoes abertas e cooperativas e, consequentemente, de sujeitos mais criticos, autonomos e abertos a aprendizagens permanentes ao longo de suas vidas. © Ciencias & Cognicao 2005; Vol. 05: 19-35.
The Origin of Green Emission in Polyfluorene‐Based Conjugated Polymers: On‐Chain Defect Fluorescence (2003)

Abstract The low emission band at 2.2–2.3 eV in polyfluorene‐based conjugated materials is studied by various spectroscopic methods on defined copolymers of 9–9′‐difarnesyl‐fluorene with 9‐fluorenone, which can be seen as a model compound for degraded polyfluorenes. Absorption, electroluminescence, and photoluminescence in the film (temperature‐dependent) and solution (room temperature) reveal the optical properties of this low‐energy emission band emerging in polyfluorene‐type polymers upon degradation. All the experimental evidence presented yield direct evidence against excimer or aggregate formation as the primary source of the low‐energy emission band. Instead keto defect sites can be shown to be responsible for the emissive defect.
Voter models on heterogeneous networks (2008)

We study simple interacting particle systems on heterogeneous networks, including the voter model and the invasion process. These are both two-state models in which in an update event an individual changes state to agree with a neighbor. For the voter model, an individual "imports" its state from a randomly chosen neighbor. Here the average time TN to reach consensus for a network of N nodes with an uncorrelated degree distribution scales as N mu1 2/mu2, where mu k is the kth moment of the degree distribution. Quick consensus thus arises on networks with broad degree distributions. We also identify the conservation law that characterizes the route by which consensus is reached. Parallel results are derived for the invasion process, in which the state of an agent is "exported" to a random neighbor. We further generalize to biased dynamics in which one state is favored. The probability for a single fitter mutant located at a node of degree k to overspread the population-the fixation probability--is proportional to k for the voter model and to 1k for the invasion process.
Support algorithms for incremental attribute evaluation of asynchronous subtree replacements (1993)

A solution to the problem of incremental attribute evaluation for multiple asynchronous subtree replacements that is applicable to arbitrary noncircular attribute grammars is discussed. The algorithm supports multiple independent editing cursors. Concurrent evaluation processes proceed independently as long as they cover disjoint regions of the derivation tree. Evaluation processes are merged when they overlap, to prevent unnecessary attribute evaluations. The complexity of these three parts of the algorithm is discussed. The algorithm ensures that when evaluation terminates, the tree is consistently attributed. The results solve two open problems that arose in connection with the original algorithm for asynchronous subtree replacements reported by S.M. Kaplan and G.F. Kaiser (1986).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Sidelobe Suppression Technique for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Transmission (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel two-step sidelobe suppression technique for OFDM-based cognitive radios designed to minimize the amount of out-of-band emissions that could potentially interfere with incumbent licensed transmissions in adjacent frequency bands. The proposed technique combines both constellation expansion (CE) and cancellation subcarrier (CC) sidelobe reduction approaches in order to achieve lower out- of-band interference levels relative to their individual application. Being a two-step process, the first step of the proposed technique consists of performing CE, which exploits the combination of different random symbol sequences across the subcarriers in order to yield lower sidelobe levels. The second step is to insert several CCs on either side of contiguous blocks of data-bearing subcarriers such that they combine destructively with the data- bearing subcarrier sidelobe levels, yielding a reduction in out- of-band emissions. Simulation results show that with the CE of four symbols mapped to an 8-PSK signal constellation and with one CC employed on each side of a 32 subcarrier OFDM spectrum, there is a reduction of as much as 16 dB on the peak- interference causing sidelobe. From a probabilistic point of view, this translates to reducing 99.9% of the sidelobe power levels from around -5 dB to around -22 dB.
Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives (2012)

The success of machine learning algorithms generally depends on data representation, and we hypothesize that this is because different representations can entangle and hide more or less the different explanatory factors of variation behind the data. Although specific domain knowledge can be used to help design representations, learning with generic priors can also be used, and the quest for AI is motivating the design of more powerful representation-learning algorithms implementing such priors. This paper reviews recent work in the area of unsupervised feature learning and deep learning, covering advances in probabilistic models, auto-encoders, manifold learning, and deep networks. This motivates longer-term unanswered questions about the appropriate objectives for learning good representations, for computing representations (i.e., inference), and the geometrical connections between representation learning, density estimation and manifold learning.