gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Frequency Control of Wind Turbines in Power Systems with High Wind Power Penetration (2012)

The integration of large amounts of wind power in power systems presents huge challenges. In particular, with the increase of wind power generation, more regulation reserves would be necessary, the capability of the power system to offer conventional regulating power would be reduced and the dynamic stability of the grid frequency under large disturbances would be compromised. The aim of this study is to investigate the integration of large scale wind power generation in power systems and its active power control.Novel methods and solutions dealing specifically with the electric frequency stability and high wind power penetration or in islanding situations are addressed. The review of relevant theoretical concepts is supported by measurements carried out on an isolated power system characterized by high wind power penetration. Different mathematical and simulation models are used in several particular views. These models were developed and verified during this work, basedaround a particular manufacturer’s wind turbine and on said isolated power system withwind power. The capability of variable speed wind turbines for providing Inertial Response is analysed. To perform this assessment, a control algorithm for wind turbine inertial response is developed and the performance is simulated for asingle wind turbine. It is shown that wind power is able to provide valuable inertial response when combining a large number of wind turbines in a wind plant. Active power control architectures for wind power generation were studied considering a large share of wind power in the system. Results show the abilities of the architectures to manage the variability of the generated wind power, reducing the impact on the grid frequency and providing suitable frequency regulation service when required. The coordination between the developed control systems and the conventional plants responses is studied. A methodology for determiningthe necessary wind power reserve and control parameters such as frequency response characteristic (droop) and deadband is presented. The performance and the capability for supporting the grid in normal operation and during large load events are demonstratedwith accurate computational simulations.
Nanoparticle vaccines enhance humoral responses to a malaria antigen by expanding Tfh cells and inducing germinal center formation (166.10) (2012)

Abstract Nanoparticles (NP) are promising delivery vehicles for vaccines that promote humoral and cellular immunity in concert. We recently developed a novel lipid-based NP vaccine system, termed interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles (ICMVs). ICMVs efficiently entrap and co-deliver antigens and molecular adjuvants to lymphoid tissues, initiating potent cellular and humoral immune responses. ICMVs were synthesized by fusing liposomes containing antigen into multilamellar vesicles, followed by bilayer-to-bilayer crosslinking of lipid bilayers within the vesicle walls to stabilize the particles. ICMVs carrying ovalbumin and the TLR agonist MPLA induced robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in mice, achieving a peak ~30% tetramer+ cells in the CD8+ T-cell population after 3 immunizations. Mice vaccinated with ICMVs containing a candidate Plasmodium vivax antigen raised high-titer, high-avidity antibody responses against the antigen lasting &gt; 1 yr, at 10-fold lower dose of antigen than conventional adjuvants such as alum or Montanide. Compared to vaccination with alum, immunization with ICMVs prolonged antigen accumulation at the draining lymph nodes, enhanced germinal center formation, and increased the expansion of antigen-specific follicular helper T-cells, partially explaining the enhanced antibody response. These results suggest that antigen/adjuvant-carrying ICMVs may serve as a platform to elicit potent cellular and humoral immune responses against infectious pathogens.
Steady Incompressible Flow Through Pipes (1983)

Apart from natural circulation of air and other gases in the atmosphere and liquids of one form or another in the oceans, lakes and other reservoirs, fluid masses are transported from one locality to another through ducts. A duct may be in a closed sectional form or an open form. Flow of fluids through a closed duct under some form of pressure is referred to as a closed conduit or pressure flow. Both liquids and gases can be transported through closed conduits. Flow in an open duct exposed to an approximately constant pressure at the surface is known as a free-surface or an open-channel flow. Liquids are commonly transported through open channels and this form of transportation will be treated in Chapters 4 and 7. This chapter is devoted to the study of the steady incompressible flow of fluids through closed conduits, particularly those of circular cross-sectional area.
FINPLT: A Finite-Element Field-Plotting Program (Computer Program Descriptions) (1972)

FINPLT draws smooth contours on a Calcomp digital plotter for any surface for which potential values are known on an arbitrary set of points.
Fasting, yoga and SARS-COV-2 infection (2020)

Can fasting help reduce the chances of 
catching the SARS-CoV-2 infection?
While many studies have shown that nutrition and immunity 
are linked to each other, some studies suggest that fasting 
“resets” the immune system. However, there is no evidence 
to suggest that fasting reduces the chances of getting 
infected. SARS-CoV-2 is known to spread mainly through 
the respiratory droplets that an infected person releases 
when they cough or sneeze. It is just as likely to infect a 
person who is fasting as it is to infect a person who is not
An OFDM-CDMA scheme using orthogonal code multiplexing and its parallel interference cancellation receiver (2003)

We propose a novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/code division multiple access (OFDM-CDMA) scheme that can support effectively multiple users with variable transmission rates over frequency-selective fading channels. It uses orthogonal code multiplexing (OCM) to support variable rate transmission and pseudonoise (PN) code scrambling for user separation. Each modulation symbol is spread over all the effective subcarriers using a distinct orthogonal multiplexing code to exploit frequency diversity fully. In multiple access environments, the use of interference suppression techniques is strongly required to maximize resource utilization. Hence, we use a parallel interference cancellation (PIC) receiver in terms of its complexity and performance. In addition, we set the reference value for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), which can give the maximum channel capacity through the use of the PIC receiver. Through simulation results in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels, we analyze the performance and capacity of the proposed system according to channel environments.
Enhancing the High-Voltage Cycling Performance of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by Retarding Its Interfacial Reaction with an Electrolyte by Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (2015)

High-voltage (>4.3 V) operation of LiNi(x)Mn(y)Co(z)O2 (NMC; 0 ≤ x, y, z < 1) for high capacity has become a new challenge for next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of the rapid capacity degradation over cycling. In this work, we investigate the performance of LiNi(0.5)Mn(0.3)Co(0.2)O2 (NMC532) electrodes with and without an atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al2O3 layer for charging/discharging in the range from 3.0 to 4.5 V (high voltage). The results of the electrochemical measurements show that the cells with ALD Al2O3-coated NMC532 electrodes have much enhanced cycling stability. The mechanism was investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. We find that the ultrathin ALD Al2O3 film can reduce the interface resistance of lithium-ion diffusion and enhance the surface stability of NMC532 by retarding the reactions at NMC532/electrolyte interfaces for preventing the formation of a new microstructure rock-salt phase NiO around the NMC532 surfaces.
Sintering of Alkanethiol-Capped Gold and Platinum Nanoclusters (2002)

One of the unusual properties of metal nanoclusters is the size dependence of the melting temperature. Studies show that the melting temperature is a decreasing function of the cluster diameter, although the actual dependence is not known, due to the difficulties associated with the experimental measurements. We have synthesized narrow dispersity alkanethiol-functionalized Au and Pt nanoclusters in inverse micellar solutions and have measured the sintering temperatures of these films using a capacitance technique to determine the onset of film conductivity. Cluster sintering is accompanied by pronounced optical changes and a thermal signature that can be observed in differential thermal analysis. The large optical absorbance of nanocluster films makes laser sintering a practical method for the formation of metallization layers.
Backside Charging Of The CCD (1985)

Until recently, the usefulness of the charge coupled device (CCD) as an imaging sensor was thought to be restricted to within rather narrow boundaries of the visible and near IR spectrum. However, since the discovery of backside charging the full potential of CCD performance is now realized. Indeed, the technique of backside charging not only allows the CCD to be used directly in the UV, EUV, and soft X-ray regimes, it has opened up new opportunities in optimizing charge collection processes as well. In this paper, we discuss in considerable detail the technique of backside charging, describing its properties, use, and potential in the future as it applies to the CCD.
St John's College, Cambridge (2010)

St John's College, Cambridge, founded in 1511 by Lady Margaret Beaufort, is one of the largest colleges in the University, and is home to one of Cambridge's famous landmarks, the Bridge of Sighs. The author, R. F. Scott, was Master of the College from 1908 until his death in 1933. This history, first published in 1907, covers the period from its foundation, on the ancient site of the hospital of St John the Evangelist, to the start of the twentieth century. Each chapter is dedicated to a different century, and the book finishes with an account of the contemporary social life of the college. Copiously illustrated throughout and with a comprehensive index, this book will appeal to anyone interested in Cambridge University and specifically to those fascinated by college life and history.
Analysis of T2 Intensity by Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Deep Gray Matter Nuclei in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Effect of Immunomodulatory Therapies (2011)

Our preliminary observations suggest that long-term NAT therapy in MS patients may affect T2 intensity levels of dGM brain nuclei, hence suggesting a potential effect of NAT beyond anti-inflammatory effect. Prospective studies are warranted to provide more insights into our preliminary observations.
Higher-Order Web Link Analysis Using Multilinear Algebra (2006)

Linear algebra is a powerful and proven tool in Web search. Techniques, such as the PageRank algorithm of Brin and Page and the HITS algorithm of Kleinberg, score Web pages based on the principal eigenvector (or singular vector) of a particular non-negative matrix that captures the hyperlink structure of the Web graph. We propose and test a new methodology that uses multilinear algebra to elicit more information from a higher-order representation of the hyperlink graph. We start by labeling the edges in our graph with the anchor text of the hyperlinks so that the associated linear algebra representation is a sparse, three-way tensor. The first two dimensions of the tensor represent the Web pages while the third dimension adds the anchor text. We then use the rank-1 factors of a multilinear PARAFAC tensor decomposition, which are akin to singular vectors of the SVD, to automatically identify topics in the collection along with the associated authoritative Web pages.
Imaging the Single Cell Dynamics of CD4+ T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells in Lymph Nodes (2004)

The adaptive immune response is initiated in secondary lymphoid organs by contact between antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, there is scant information regarding the single cell dynamics of this process in vivo. Using two-photon microscopy, we imaged the real-time behavior of naive CD4+ T cells and in vivo-labeled DCs in lymph nodes during a robust T cell response. In the first 2 h after entry into lymph nodes, T cells made short-lived contacts with antigen-bearing DCs, each contact lasting an average of 11-12 min and occurring mainly on dendrites. Altered patterns of T cell motility during this early stage of antigen recognition promoted serial engagement with several adjacent DCs. Subsequently, T cell behavior progressed through additional distinct stages, including long-lived clusters, dynamic swarms, and finally autonomous migration punctuated by cell division. These observations suggest that the immunological synapse in native tissues is remarkably fluid, and that stable synapses form only at specific stages of antigen presentation to T cells. Furthermore, the serial nature of these interactions implies that T cells activate by way of multiple antigen recognition events.
Modeling of particle trajectories in an electrostatically charged channel (2010)

Modeling and analyses of filtration efficiency in electrostatically charged monolith filters are important for evaluating and designing this class of filters. Unlike traditional fibrous filters which comprise external flow around a fiber, monolith filters are modeled as internal flow through small channels. Analogous to single fiber theory for external flows, single channel theory is used to analyze basic fluid mechanics in monolith filters and predict filtration efficiencies. The model incorporates three forces: hydrodynamic forces, electrostatic forces, and Brownian motion. Fluid velocity within the channels is calculated by using an analytical solution for circular channel flow, within which the slip boundary condition is considered because of small length scales. This velocity field is then used to evaluate the drag force on the particle according to Stokes’s law. For this model, a one-way coupling between the fluid flow and the particle motion is assumed due to the fact that the relaxation time for the particles simulated in this paper is very small compared to the time the particles spend in the channel. The electrostatic field is computed assuming a uniform charge distribution on the inner surface of a cylindrical channel of finite length. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, particles are randomly injected into a single channel to determine the filtration efficiency.
<i>HOXA9</i>, <i>ISL1</i> and <i>ALDH1A3</i> methylation patterns as prognostic markers for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: Array‐based DNA methylation and expression profiling (2013)

DNA methylation patterns are associated with the development and prognosis of cancer. The aim of this study was to identify novel methylation markers for the prediction of patient outcomes using microarray analysis of DNA methylation and RNA expression patterns in samples from long-term follow-up patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). A total of 187 human bladder specimens were used for microarray array or pyrosequencing (PSQ) analyses: 6 normal controls (NC) and 181 NMIBC. Tumor-specific hypermethylated genes were selected from a data set comprising 24 matched microarray-based DNA methylation and gene expression profiles (6 controls and 18 NMIBC), and their clinical relevance was verified by quantitative PSQ analysis. The methylation status of Homeobox A9 (HOXA9), ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3) was significantly associated with decreased gene expression levels and aggressive clinicopathological characteristics. Multivariate regression analyses showed that hypermethylation of these genes was an independent predictor of disease recurrence (HOXA9, ISL1 and ALDH1A3, either alone or in combination) and progression (ISL1 and ALDH1A3, either alone or in combination) (each p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that these novel methylation markers are independent prognostic indicators in NMIBC patients, which may facilitate the assessment of disease recurrence and progression in NMIBC patients and inform clinical decision making regarding treatment.
Paclitaxel Induced B7-H1 Expression in Cancer Cells via the MAPK Pathway (2011)

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) induced the expression of B7-H1 immunosuppressive molecules in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW480 and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. We found ptX induced B7-H1 protein expression in SW480 and HepG2 cells as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry and mRNA expression by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, PTX treatment induced Erk½ phosphorylation in both cell lines. PTX-increased B7-H1 mRNA expression was significantly blocked by MEK inhibitor U0126. However, the protein expression caused by PTX was only partially blocked by U0126. Our results suggest that PTX upregulated B7-H1 expression in cultured SW480 and HepG2 cells via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. This may help us better understand PTX-related tumor immune evasion.
Effective management through prediction-based clustering approach in the next-generation ad hoc networks (2004)

A framework for a proactive network management with the eventual aim to support quality of service (QoS) provisioning in ad hoc networks is proposed in this paper. This process is facilitated through our novel hierarchical clustering approach. This clustering approach is dynamic and distributed, and enables each mobile node (MN) to anticipate the availability of its neighbors through a scalable intelligent mobility prediction algorithm. With the formation of stable clusters, our clustering algorithm enables adaptability, autonomy, economy, scalability and survivability requirements in managing ad hoc networks by adopting policy-based management technique with mobile agent concepts. Initial results demonstrate the stability improvement of our approach.
Quantum-confined field-effect light emitters: device physics and experiments (1990)

Extended experimental results on three-terminal quantum-confined field-effect light emitters with current injection and field control of luminescent characteristics in the quantum-well structure are reported. By incorporating superlattice buffer layers (SLBLs), the quantum efficiency of the device is dramatically improved and equivalently nonradiative recombination processes are sufficiently suppressed at room temperature. The red-shift of the emission spectra by the quantum-confined Stark effect assures that the electric field is effectively applied to the quantum well. The experimental data on the transient responses of emission intensity to input voltage pulses show fairly good correspondences with theoretical prediction and previous photoluminescence experiments. The authors discuss the ultimate capability of high-speed switching and point that an optical pulse with a duration as short as 30 ps and involving more than 100 photons can be generated by scaling down the size of the device with 1% external efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Development of Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2000)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Inflammatory bowel diseaseCytokinesKnock-out miceMucosal immunity
Synthetic methods and reactions 104. Silylations with in situ generated trimethylsilyl triflate reagent systems (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic methods and reactions 104. Silylations with in situ generated trimethylsilyl triflate reagent systemsGeorge A. Olah, Altaf Husain, B. G. Balaram Gupta, George F. Salem, and Subhash C. NarangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 25, 5212–5214Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00338a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views957Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (383 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Multiple myeloma: New surface antigens for the characterization of plasma cells in the era of novel agents (2015)

CD150, CD86 and CD200 can help to identify malignant PCs; CD272, CD319, CD229, CD48 are highly expressed on all PCs and could be considered for targeted therapy. All these antigens could be added to a routine panel for PCs identification and MRD evaluation.
New Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered outer membrane permeability (1984)

We describe three new classes of Salmonella typhimurium mutants with increased sensitivity to hydrophobic agents. In contrast to many previously described mutants, the phage sensitivity pattern of these mutants did not give any indication of defective lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, they had no detectable changes in their phospholipid or outer membrane protein composition, and their growth rate and cell morphology were normal. Class B mutants were nearly as sensitive to novobiocin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, rifampin, and clindamycin as are deep rough (heptoseless) mutants; in addition they were sensitive to methicillin, penicillin (to which heptoseless mutants are resistant), gentian violet, and anionic and cationic detergents. Class A and C mutants had less sensitive, but characteristic phenotypes. None of the three classes were sensitive to serum bactericidal action. The class B mutation mapped between map positions 7 and 11 on the S. typhimurium chromosome, and the class C mutation mapped between positions 5 and 7. The map position for the class A mutation remained undefined, but it was separate from the class B and C mutations and, like those, did not correspond to any gene loci known to participate in the synthesis of major outer membrane constituents.
Neuroglia: Gliosis and Focal Epilepsy (1970)

Normal neuroglial cells buffer the extracellular space around neurons and presynaptic terminals against increases in potassium ions. Epileptic foci resulting from brain injury are characterized by areas of intense fibrillary gliosis bordering neuronal tissue. The known pathological changes that occur in gliosis may impair glial control of extracellular potassium ions and lead to excessively excitable neuronal border regions.