gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL‐10‐induced anergy in peripheral T cell and reactivation by microenvironmental cytokines: two key steps in specific immunotherapy (1999)

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is widely used for treatment of allergic diseases and could potentially be applied in other immunological disorders. Induction of specific unresponsiveness (anergy) in peripheral T cells and recovery by cytokines from the tissue microenvironment represent two key steps in SIT with whole allergen or antigenic T cell peptides (PIT). The anergy is directed against the T cell epitopes of the respective antigen and characterized by suppressed proliferative and cytokine responses. It is initiated by autocrine action of IL-10, which is increasingly produced by the antigen-specific T cells. Later in therapy, B cells and monocytes also produce IL-10. The anergic T cells can be reactivated by different cytokines. Whereas IL-15 and IL-2 generate Th1 cytokine profile and an IgG4 antibody response, IL-4 reactivates a Th2 cytokine pattern and IgE antibodies. Increased IL-10 suppresses IgE and enhances IgG4 synthesis, resulting in a decreased antigen-specific IgE:IgG4 ratio, as observed normally in patients after SIT or PIT. The same state of anergy against the major bee venom allergen, phospholipase A2, can be observed in subjects naturally anergized after multiple bee stings. Together, these data demonstrate the pivotal role of autocrine IL-10 in induction of specific T cell anergy and the important participation of the cytokine microenvironment in SIT. Furthermore, knowledge of the mechanisms explaining reasons for success or failure of SIT may enable possible predictive measures of the treatment.
Design and development of high frequency matrix phased-array ultrasonic probes (2012)

High frequency matrix phased-array (MPA) probes have been designed and developed for more accurate and repeatable assessment of weld conditions of thin sheet metals commonly used in the auto industry. Unlike the line focused ultrasonic beam generated by a linear phased-array (LPA) probe, a MPA probe can form a circular shaped focused beam in addition to the typical beam steering capabilities of phased-array probes. A CIVA based modeling and simulation method has been used to design the probes in terms of various probe parameters such as number of elements, element size, overall dimensions, frequency etc. Challenges associated with the thicknesses of thin sheet metals have been resolved by optimizing these probe design parameters. A further improvement made on the design of the MPA probe proved that a three-dimensionally shaped matrix element can provide a better performing probe at a much lower probe manufacturing cost by reducing the total number of elements and lowering the operational frequency. This three dimensional probe naturally matches to the indentation shape of the weld on the thin sheet metals and hence a wider inspection area with the same level of spatial resolution obtained by a twodimensional flat MPA probe operating at a higher frequency. The two aspects, a wider inspection area and a lower probe manufacturing cost, make this three-dimensional MPA sensor more attractive to auto manufacturers demanding a quantitative nondestructive inspection method.
Measurement of Solar Radiance Profiles With the Sun and Aureole Measurement System (2013)

Due to forward scattering of direct sunlight in the atmosphere, the circumsolar region closely surrounding the solar disk looks very bright. The radiation coming from this region, the circumsolar radiation, is in large part included in common direct normal irradiance (DNI) measurements, but only partially intercepted by the receivers of focusing collectors. This effect has to be considered in the performance analysis of concentrating collectors in order to avoid overestimation of the intercepted irradiance. At times, the overestimation reaches more than 10% for highly concentrating systems even for sky conditions with relevant DNI above 200 W/m2. The amount of circumsolar radiation varies strongly with time, location and sky conditions. However, no representative sunshape measurements exist for locations that are now of particular interest for concentrating solar power (CSP) or concentrating photovoltaics (CPV). A new sunshape measurement system is developed and analyzed in this study. The system consists of the sun and aureole measurement instrument (SAM), an AERONET sun photometer and postprocessing software. A measurement network is being created with the presented system. The uncertainty of this system is significantly lower than what was obtained with previous devices. In addition, the spectral optical properties of circumsolar radiation are determined. As a result, the necessary information for CSP and CPV systems, and a basis for the development of modeling methods for circumsolar radiation, can now be achieved.
Photon Time-of-Flight-Assisted Positron Emission Tomography (1981)

In positron emission tomography (PET), the annihilation radiation is usually detected as a coincidence occurrence that localizes the position of the annihilation event to a straight line joining the detectors. The measure of the difference between the time of flight (TOF) of the annihilation photons between their inception and their detection permits the localization of the position of the annihilation event along the coincidence line. The incorporation of TOF information into the PET reconstruction process improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the image obtained. The utilization of scintillation detectors utilizing cesium fluoride scintillators, fast photomultiplier tubes, and fast timing circuits allows sub-nanosecond coincidence timing resolution needed for the effective use of TOF in PET. Mathematical considerations and pilot experiments show that with state-of-the-art electronic components and through the application of proper reconstruction algorithms, the combination of TOF and PET positional data improves severalfold the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to conventional PET image reconstruction at the cost of increasing the amount of data to be processed. The construction of a TOF-assisted PET device is within the capability of state-of-the-art technology.
The Dcomposition of Hydrogen Sulphide (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dcomposition of Hydrogen SulphideH. A. TaylorH. A. TaylorMore by H. A. Taylor and C. F. PickettC. F. PickettMore by C. F. PickettCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1927, 31, 8, 1212–1219Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/j150278a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (400 KB) Get e-Alerts
Magnetic switching of single vortex permalloy elements (2001)

Magnetic vortices play an important role in the switching behavior of micron- and submicron-sized ferromagnetic elements. We have prepared submicron permalloy elements by a combination of electron-beam lithography and liftoff technique on electron transparent membrane substrates. The magnetization reversal mechanism and the remanent magnetization configuration were observed by means of Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. In remanence, the investigated structures form a vortex configuration. In situ magnetizing experiments showed the possibility of adjusting the sense of magnetization rotation by introducing a slight geometric asymmetry to the otherwise circular nanostructures.
Solc Birefringent Filter (1958)

A new birefringent filter composed of a series of retardation plates between a single pair of polarizers has been described by Solc. The filter is analyzed and compared with the Lyot filter. It is found that the Solc filter is inferior to the Lyot filter in the suppression of parasitic light in secondary maxima near the primary transmission bands, although its band width is slightly less, and its transparency is very much better if both filters use Polaroid film for polarizers.
Property Label Stability in Wikidata (2018)

Stability in Wikidata's schema is essential for the reuse of its data. In this paper, we analyze the stability of the data based on the changes in labels of properties in six languages. We find that the schema is overall stable, making it a reliable resource for external usage.
RF Transconductor Linearization Robust to Process, Voltage and Temperature Variations (2015)

Software-defined radio receivers increasingly exploit linear RF V-I conversion, instead of RF voltage gain, to improve interference robustness. Unfortunately, the linearity of CMOS inverters, which are often used to implement V-I conversion, is highly sensitive to Process, Voltage and Temperature variations. This paper proposes a more robust technique based on resistive degeneration. To mitigate third-order IM3 distortion induced by the quadratic MOSFET I-V characteristic, a new linearization technique is proposed which exploits a floating battery by-pass circuit and replica biasing to improve IIP3 in a robust way. This paper explains the concept and analyzes linearity improvement. To demonstrate operation, an LNTA with current domain mixer is implemented in a 45 nm CMOS process. Compared to a conventional inverter based LNTA with the same transconductance, it improves IIP3 from 2 dBm to a robust P IIP3 of 8 dBm at the cost of 67% increase in power consumption.
Automated hardware design using genetic programming, VHDL, and FPGAs (2002)

We have developed a completely automated approach to hardware design based on integrating three core technologies into one comprehensive system, namely genetic programming (GP), the VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Our system uses an automated GP engine, as opposed to a human designer, to evolve a hardware design composed of one or more FPGAs that will maximally achieve an application's software requirements. Several variants of our system exist; other variants are currently under development. The focus of this paper is to describe our original system design and its most recent revision to date.
ECCOE: Toward a Robust Solution for the Cross-Institutional Recognition and Validation of Prior Learning (2020)

ECCOE, the European Credit Clearinghouse for Opening up Education, aims to facilitate the endorsement and appropriation of open, online and flexible higher education by increasing trust in technology-enabled credentials among students, higher education institutions (HEIs) and employers. To this end, the project is developing a complete solution in the form of the ECCOE-system, with publicly reviewed credential descriptors, Model Credit Recognition Agreements (MCRAs), an online catalogue of over 60 disciplinary and transversal modules, and a robust solution for technology-enabled credentials and a network of stakeholder users. In this paper the analysis and classification of existing prior learning agreements (at higher education institutions) is presented as a first step towards a generic recognition structure that subsumes all types of recognition and can form the basis for the MCRA template. The result of this work was the identification of four characteristics present in each type of recognition agreement: its type, the objective of applying it, the process steps that need to be followed, and constraints for a successful application.ECCOE, the European Credit Clearinghouse for Opening up Education, aims to facilitate the endorsement and appropriation of open, online and flexible higher education by increasing trust in technology-enabled credentials among students, higher education institutions (HEIs) and employers. To this end, the project is developing a complete solution in the form of the ECCOE-system, with publicly reviewed credential descriptors, Model Credit Recognition Agreements (MCRAs), an online catalogue of over 60 disciplinary and transversal modules, and a robust solution for technology-enabled credentials and a network of stakeholder users. In this paper the analysis and classification of existing prior learning agreements (at higher education institutions) is presented as a first step towards a generic recognition structure that subsumes all types of recognition and can form the basis for the MCRA template. The result of this work was the identification of four characteristics present in each type of recognition agreement: its type, the objective of applying it, the process steps that need to be followed, and constraints for a successful application.
Study of clear channel assessment mechanism for ZigBee packet transmission under Wi-Fi interference (2013)

Recent studies have shown that low-power ZigBee based wireless sensor networks (WSN) are vulnerable to the interference generated by Wi-Fi nodes. In this study, the effects of energy detection (ED) mechanism in clear channel assessment (CCA) of ZigBee transmitter under 802.11g Wi-Fi interference have been evaluated through experimentation. To improve the performance of ZigBee packet transmission, a preliminary adaptive mechanism is implemented and evaluated in our testbed.
Debundling and Selective Enrichment of SWNTs for Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

We present an overview of the recent developments in de-bundling and sorting of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs), which are useful for hi-tech applications in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Applications of SWNTs as transparent and conductive films, catalyst, and scaffold in DSSCs are also reviewed.
Users and services in intelligent networks (2006)

We present a vision of an Intelligent Network in which users dynamically indicate their requests for services and formulate needs in terms of quality of service (QoS) and price. Users can also monitor on-line the extent to which their requests are being satisfied. In turn the services will dynamically try to satisfy the user as best as they can and inform the user of the level at which the requests are being satisfied, and at what cost. The network will provide guidelines and constraints to users and services, to avoid that they impede each others' progress. This intelligent and sensible dialogue between users, services and the network can proceed constantly based on mutual observation, network and user self-observation, and on-line adaptive and locally distributed feedback control which proceeds at the same speed as the traffic flows and events being controlled. We review issues such as network ‘situational awareness’, self-organisation and structure, and relate these concepts to the ongoing research on autonomic communication systems. We relate the search for services in the network to the question of QoS and routing. We examine the need to dynamically protect the networked system from denial of service (DoS) attacks and propose an approch to DoS defence which uses the detection of violations of QoS constraints and the automatic throttling or dropping of traffic to protect critacl nodes. We also discuss how this vision of an Intelligent Network can benefit from techniques that have been experimented in the cognitive packet network test-bed at Imperial College, thanks to ‘smart packets’ and reinforcement learning, which offers routing that is dynamically modified using on-line sensing and monitoring, based on users' QoS needs and overall network objectives.
Molecular evidence for a relationship between LINE-1 elements and X chromosome inactivation: The Lyon repeat hypothesis (2000)

X inactivation is a chromosome-specific form of genetic regulation in which thousands of genes on one homologue become silenced early in female embryogenesis. Although many aspects of X inactivation are now understood, the spread of the X inactivation signal along the entire length of the chromosome remains enigmatic. Extending the Gartler-Riggs model [Gartler, S. M. & Riggs, A. D. (1983) Annu. Rev. Genet. 17, 155-190], Lyon recently proposed [Lyon, M. F. (1998) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 80, 133-137] that a nonrandom organization of long interspersed element (LINE) repetitive sequences on the X chromosome might be responsible for its facultative heterochromatization. In this paper, we present data indicating that the LINE-1 (L1) composition of the human X chromosome is fundamentally distinct from that of human autosomes. The X chromosome is enriched 2-fold for L1 repetitive elements, with the greatest enrichment observed for a restricted subset of LINE-1 elements that were active <100 million years ago. Regional analysis of the X chromosome reveals that the most significant clustering of these elements is in Xq13-Xq21 (the center of X inactivation). Genomic segments harboring genes that escape inactivation are significantly reduced in L1 content compared with X chromosome segments containing genes subject to X inactivation, providing further support for the association between X inactivation and L1 content. These nonrandom properties of L1 distribution on the X chromosome provide strong evidence that L1 elements may serve as DNA signals to propagate X inactivation along the chromosome.
Um Breve Histórico de Conceitos Fundamentais da Estratigrafia Moderna: Sequências Deposicionais e seus Fatores Controladores (1998)

Stratigraphy, fundamental to geological science, has been subjected to deep epistemological changes during the last two decades, changes that are generally seen as being a result of the North American school of stratigraphy, specially concerning research groups linked to petroleum geology. However, the fundamentals of modern stratigraphy, such as the concept of depositional sequence and the discussion on its tectonic and eustatic controls, were already discussed and applied in the beginning of the twenthieth century and earlier, and insofar are not product of research of our times, but result of some ideas as old as the ideas of Lyell and Darwin. The present paper presents a brief historical review of stratigraphy’s history during the last hundred and fifty years and discusses the historical roots of fundamental concepts of modern stratigraphy.
On the Integration of Heterogeneous Web Service Partners (2001)

A new distributed computing model for the Web is now being defined as a result of several ongoing standardization initiatives. This effort is driven by the need to enable open business to business (B2B) interactions on the Web, and is centered around the development of new vocabularies based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) standard. The Web Services Description Language (WSDL), the interface definition language of the new computing stack, introduces a new generic model of application interactions.
Digital rectification of ERTS multispectral imagery (1973)

Rectified ERTS multispectral imagery have been produced utilizing all digital techniques, as the first step toward producing precision corrected imagery. Errors arising from attitude and ephemeris sources have been corrected, and the resultant image is represented in a meter/meter mapping utilizing an intensity resampling technique. Early results from available data indicate negligible degradation of the photometric and resolution properties of the source data as a consequence of the geometric correction process. Work utilizing ground control points to produce precision rectified imagery, and including photometric corrections resulting from available sensor calibration data, is currently in progress.
Mixing four-dimensional equipped and unequipped aircraft in the terminal area (1985)

The problem of mixing four-dimensional (4-D) equipped aircraft (aircraft equipped with onboard guidance systems that can predict and control the touchdown time of an aircraft to an accuracy of a few seconds throughout the descent) with unequipped aircraft in the terminal area has been investigated via a real-time air traffic control simulation study. The objective of this study was to develop scheduling algorithms and operational procedures for various traffic mixes that ranged from 25 to 15% 4-D equipped aircraft. Results indicate substantial reduction in controller workload and an increase in orderliness when more than 25% of the aircraft are 4-D equipped. Moreover, this is accomplished without increasing the workload or adding delays for the unequipped aircraft.
Adenovirus-mediated Expression of a Truncated PDGFβ Receptor Inhibits Thrombosis and Neointima Formation in an Avian Arterial Injury Model (2001)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a major mediator of neointima formation after arterial injury. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad/PDGFtr, that expresses the soluble extracellular domain of the murine PDGFbeta receptor (PDGFtr). The expressed PDGFtr was appropriately glycosylated and secreted by chicken vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro. The expressed PDGFtr inhibited human PDGF-BB induced receptor autophosphorylation, and also inhibited PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation without affecting PDGF-AA induced mitogenesis. In vivo transduction of balloon-injured rooster femoral arteries with Ad/PDGFtr resulted in expression and secretion of the glycosylated PDGFtr. The expressed PDGFtr significantly inhibited neointima formation compared with controls. Neointima-associated thrombus was significantly reduced in Ad/PDGFtr transduced arteries compared with controls. Thus, in addition to impacting on SMC proliferation and migration, PDGF-BB plays a role in thrombus formation in response to arterial injury. Growth factor inhibition by localized gene delivery constitutes a powerful approach to intervene in the molecular pathways involved in vascular disease.
Genetic influences on cervical and lumbar disc degeneration: A magnetic resonance imaging study in twins (1999)

These results suggest an important genetic influence on variation in intervertebral disc degeneration. However, variation in disc signal is largely influenced by environmental factors shared by twins. The use of MRI scans to determine the phenotype in family and population studies should allow a better understanding of disease mechanisms and the identification of the genes involved.
A New Phospholipase C δ4 Is Induced at S-phase of the Cell Cycle and Appears in the Nucleus (1996)

To discover a new phospholipase C (PLC) related to cell growth, we screened a cDNA library prepared from regenerating rat liver. A novel PLC (PLC delta 4) encoding a polypeptide of 770 amino acids with structural similarity to PLC delta-type isozymes was isolated. PLC delta 4 mRNA is expressed more remarkably in regenerating liver than in normal resting liver. It is also distributed abundantly in tumor cells such as hepatoma and src-transformed cells. Furthermore, its expression can be induced markedly by serum treatment and reaches a maximum at 8 h. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical staining showed that PLC delta 4 is dominantly present in nucleus. Nuclear PLC delta 4 dramatically increases at the transition from G1- to S-phase, and the high content continues to the end of M-phase. PLC delta 4 almost disappears when cells re-enter the next G1-phase. On the other hand, the contents of PLC beta 1, PLC gamma 1, and PLC delta 1 do not change significantly during the cell cycle. These results suggest that PLC delta 4 is expressed in nucleus in response to mitogenic stimulation and plays important roles in cell growth as one of the early genes expressed during the transition from G1- to S-phase in the cell cycle.