gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Oxide-Based Hydrogels to Make Metal Nanoparticle-Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Functional Hybrid Hydrogels (2012)

In this study, stable supramolecular hydrogels have been obtained from the assembly of graphene oxide (GO) in presence of polyamines including tris(aminoethyl)amine, spermine, and spermidine [biologically active molecule]. One of these hydrogels has been well characterized by various techniques including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, and Raman spectroscopy. TEM and AFM studies of one of these hydrogels have revealed the presence of a network structure of cross-linked nanosheets. This suggests the supramolecular assembly of GO in the presence of polyamines using the acid-base type electrostatic interaction. In presence of a mild reducing agent (vitamin C), one of these GO hydrogels has been transformed into a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based hydrogel by a simple in situ reduction of GO sheets within the hydrogel matrix. Moreover, noble metal nanoparticle containing RGO based hybrid hydrogels have been obtained using in situ and simultaneous co-reduction of GO and noble metal precursors within the GO gel matrix. The elegance of this method is in situ, "green chemical" and simultaneous reduction of GO and metal salts within the hydrogel matrix to form RGO-based hybrid gel and concomitant stabilization of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) within the gel system. The nascently formed MNPs are homogeneously and uniformly distributed on the surface of the RGO nanosheets within the hybrid gel. Interestingly, this MNP containing RGO-based hybrid hydrogel matrix acts as a potential catalyst for the reduction of aromatic nitro to amino group. The catalyst (hybrid gel matrix) can be separated easily after the reaction and reused several times.
Ceramide and sphingomyelin species of fibroblasts and neurons in culture (2006)

The ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) species of cultured differentiated rat cerebellar granule cells and human fibroblasts were characterized by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. We identified 35 different species of Cer and 18 species of SM in human fibroblasts, and 35 different species of Cer and 9 species of SM were characterized in rat neurons. The main Cer species of rat cerebellar granule cells contained d18:1 sphingosine linked with palmitic, stearic, or nervonic fatty acid, and the two main SM species were d18:1,16:0 and d18:1,18:0. Both sphingolipids were enriched in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs; or lipid rafts), and significant differences were found in the sphingolipid patterns of DRMs and of detergent-soluble fractions (DSF) from these cells. In human fibroblasts, the main Cer species were d18:1,16:0, d18:2,16:0, d18:1,24:0, d18:2,24:0, d18:1,24:1, and d18:2,24:1; the most represented species of SM were d18:1,16:0, d18:1,24:0, and d18:1,24:1. In these cells, SM was highly enriched in DRMs and Cer was mainly associated with DSF, and the species found in DRMs were markedly different from those found in DSF.
Modulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by thiolamines (1997)

Exposure to the thiolamine radioprotector N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine (WR-1065) induced apoptosis in the mouse TB8.3 hybridoma after a 60-min (LD50 = 4.5 mM) or during a 20-h (LD50 = 0.15 mM) exposure. In contrast, a 20-h exposure to 17 mM L-cysteine or 10 mM cysteamine was required to induce 50% apoptosis within 20 h. Apoptosis was not induced by either a 60-min or 20-h exposure to 10 mM of the thiazolidine prodrugs ribose-cysteine (RibCys) or ribose-cysteamine (RibCyst). Thiolamine-induced apoptosis appeared to be a p53-independent process since it was induced by WR-1065 exposure in human HL60 cells. Exposure to WR-1065 (4 mM for 15 min) or cysteine (10 mM for 60 min) before and during irradiation protected cells against the induction of both DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis, while exposure to RibCys (10 mM for 3 h) did not. Treatment with either WR-1065, cysteine, RibCys or RibCyst for 60 min beginning 60 min after irradiation did not affect the level of radiation-induced apoptosis. In contrast, treatment with either cysteine, cysteamine or RibCys for 20 h beginning 60 min after irradiation enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis. Similar experiments could not be conducted with WR-1065 because of its extreme toxicity. Our results indicate that thiolamine enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis is not involved in their previously reported capacity to reduce radiation-induced mutations.
An Efficient Rateless Scheme Based on the Extendibility of Systematic Polar Codes (2017)

In this paper, a new rateless scheme based on the extendibility of systematic polar codes is proposed, which is applicable for the scenario without channel state information (CSI). With detailed analyses on the existing rateless schemes, we obtain the drawbacks and difficulties which can make the schemes dysfunctional. We expound the extendibility of systematic polar codes elaborately, which forms the basis of the new rateless scheme. In addition, with the incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request transmission, the new rateless scheme is established. The construction of polar codes specialized for the new scheme is also proposed, which can provide reliable performance. Comparing with the existing rateless schemes, the new scheme can be applied for arbitrary channels efficiently and reliably.
Down-Hole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oil (1996)

Several processing options have been developed to accomplish near-well-bore in-situ upgrading of heavy crude oils. These processes are designed to pass oil over a fixed bed of catalyst prior to entering the production well, the catalyst being placed by conventional gravel pack methods. The presence of brine and the need to provide heat and reactant gases in a down-hole environment provide challenges not present in conventional processing. These issues were addressed and the processes demonstrated by use of a modified combustion tube apparatus. Middle-Eastern heavy crude oil and the corresponding brine were used at the appropriate reservoir conditions. In-situ combustion was used to generate reactive gases and to drive fluids over a heated sand or catalyst bed, simulating the catalyst contacting portion of the proposed processes. The heavy crude oil was found to be amenable to in-situ combustion at anticipated reservoir conditions, with a relatively low air requirement. Forcing the oil to flow over a heated zone prior to production results in some upgrading of the oil, as compared to the original oil, due to thermal effects. Passing the oil over a hydroprocessing catalyst located in the heated zone results in a product that is significantly upgraded as compared to either the original oil or thermally-processed oil. Catalytic upgrading is due to hydrogenation and results in about a 50% sulfur removal and an 8° API gravity increase. Additionally, the heated catalyst was found to be efficient at converting CO to additional H2. While all of the technologies needed for a successful field trial of in-situ catalytic upgrading exist, a demonstration has yet to be undertaken.
Rural Recreation in Florida under the Emergency Relief Administration (1935)

(1935). Rural Recreation in Florida under the Emergency Relief Administration. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 25-60.
Transforming monolithic architecture towards microservice architecture (2018)

Monolithic architecture has been the standard way to architect applications for years. Monolithic applications use a single codebase which makes the deploying and development easier without adding any additional complexity as long as the size of the application stays relatively small. When the size of the codebase grows the architecture might deteriorate. This slows down the development and making it harder to on-board new developers. Microservice architecture is a novel architecture style that tries to solve these issues in larger codebases. Microservice architecture consists of multiple small autonomous services that are deployed and developed separately. Microservice architecture enables more fine-grained scaling and makes it possible to have faster development cycles by decreasing the amount of regression testing that is needed, because each of the services can be deployed and updated separately from each other.\nMicroservice architecture provides also multiple new challenges that have to be solved in order to get the benefit from them. These challenges are such as the handling of distributed transactions, communication between microservices, separation of concerns in microservices and so on. On top of the technical challenges there are also organizational and operational challenges. The operational challenges are such as monitoring, logging and automated deployment of microservices.\nThis thesis studies the differences between monolithic and microservice architecture and pinpoints the main challenges on the transition from monolithic architecture to microservice architecture. A proof of concept on how to transform a single bounded context from monolith to microservices will be made to get a better understanding of the challenges. Also a plan how to migrate tangled bounded contexts from monolith to microservices will be made in order to fully support the transition process in the future. The results from the proof of concept and the plan that was made show that the cohesion and loose coupling is more likely to stay when the bounded context is transformed to microservice.
Dermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Review (1983)

Systems that deliver drugs through intact skin at a controlled rate are now in routine clinical use. They include a nitroglycerin system for the prophylaxis of angina, and a scopolamine system for the prevention of motion sickness. In addition, there are also published reports on rate-controlled transdermal forms of clonidine and estradiol. Since the trans-dermal mode of drug administration can provide continuity of delivery and precise control of drug plasma concentrations, it offers particular advantages for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices. It is also useful when the oral route is unsuitable. Transdermal rate-controlled therapy appears on the brink of rapid expansion for the administration of potent, nonirritating, nonallergenic agents with suitable physi-cochemical properties. In the case of new agents, rate-controlled transdermal administration may render some drugs routinely usable that otherwise would produce unacceptable side effects or require impractical regimens. Some older agents will gain an increased margin of safety and convenience—as well as expanded therapeutic usefulness—compared with their administration in conventional dosage forms. Owing to constraints arising from drug potency, skin permeability, and/or topical reactions, however, transdermal administration is not expected to become the preferred dosage form for a high percentage of drugs.
Huge Spin-Polarization of L2<sub>1</sub>-Ordered Co<sub>2</sub>MnSi Epitaxial Heusler Alloy Film (2005)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a stacking structure of epitaxial Co 2 MnSi/Al–O barrier/poly-crystalline Co 75 Fe 25 were fabricated using an ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system. The epitaxial Co 2 MnSi bottom electrode exhibited highly ordered L2 1 structure and very smooth surface morphology. Observed magnetoresistance (MR) ratios of 70% at room temperature (RT) and 159% at 2 K are the highest values to date for MTJs using a Heusler alloy electrode. A high spin-polarization of 0.89 at 2 K for Co 2 MnSi obtained from Julliere's model coincided with the half-metallic band structure that was predicted by theoretical calculations.
Hepatic Methionine Homeostasis Is Conserved in C57BL/6N Mice on High-Fat Diet Despite Major Changes in Hepatic One-Carbon Metabolism (2013)

Obesity is an underlying risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased hepatic lipid accumulation is a hallmark in the progression of NAFLD and impairments in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism may be central to the pathogenesis. Hepatic PC biosynthesis, which is linked to the one-carbon (C1) metabolism by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, is known to be important for hepatic lipid export by VLDL particles. Here, we assessed the influence of a high-fat (HF) diet and NAFLD status in mice on hepatic methyl-group expenditure and C1-metabolism by analyzing changes in gene expression, protein levels, metabolite concentrations, and nuclear epigenetic processes. In livers from HF diet induced obese mice a significant downregulation of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and an increased betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) expression were observed. Experiments in vitro, using hepatoma cells stimulated with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist WY14,643, revealed a significantly reduced Cbs mRNA expression. Moreover, metabolite measurements identified decreased hepatic cystathionine and L-α-amino-n-butyrate concentrations as part of the transsulfuration pathway and reduced hepatic betaine concentrations, but no metabolite changes in the methionine cycle in HF diet fed mice compared to controls. Furthermore, we detected diminished hepatic gene expression of de novo DNA methyltransferase 3b but no effects on hepatic global genomic DNA methylation or hepatic DNA methylation in the Cbs promoter region upon HF diet. Our data suggest that HF diet induces a PPARα-mediated downregulation of key enzymes in the hepatic transsulfuration pathway and upregulates BHMT expression in mice to accommodate to enhanced dietary fat processing while preserving the essential amino acid methionine.
High-performance compact optical WDM transceiver module for passive double star subscriber systems (1995)

High-performance transceiver-type optical WDM interface modules with a volume of only 36 cc have been developed for PDS subscriber systems. The new module comprises an optical WDM sub-module, hybrid-integrated transmitter and receiver circuits. In the WDM sub-module, a planar lightwave circuit chip was hermetically sealed together with laser and photodiode chips in order to minimize the size of the transceiver module. The lightwave circuit was formed on an optical-waveguide chip by adopting a high-silica based optical-waveguide technology. The circuit has a 3-dB directional coupler for bi-directional transmission with a 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength through a single fiber and a wavelength division multiplexer between both 1.3-/spl mu/m and 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelengths. The overall characteristics of the fabricated WDM sub-module achieved were a responsitivity of 0.25/spl plusmn/0.05 A/W, an insertion loss approximately 3 dB at 1.55 /spl mu/m and an isolation of 35 dB between both wavelengths. Optical output power of the fabricated transceiver module was -3.8 dBm. Also, receiver sensitivity of less than -35 dBm with an overload of over -14 dBm were obtained by introducing high-speed automatic gain and threshold control techniques. Thus, an allowable span loss of over 30 dB and an optical dynamic range of over 20 dB were attained. The preamble bit length required to reach stable receiver operation was confirmed to be within three bits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorescent proteins at a glance (2010)

The original green fluorescent protein (GFP) was discovered back in the early 1960s when researchers studying the bioluminescent properties of the Aequorea victoria jellyfish isolated a blue-light-emitting bioluminescent protein called aequorin together with another protein that was eventually named
Design of MPPT controller for small scale wind power system with PMSG (2012)

This paper presents a generalized transfer function to design a maximum power point tracking controller (MPPT) for small scale wind turbines driving permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Initially, the paper provides a simplified transient analysis for the system, and according to that a generalized transfer function was proposed. A case study was tested by designing a system controller for small scale wind generation system. The design was verified by experimental test.
Genomic analysis of Hyphomonas neptunium contradicts 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis: implications for the taxonomy of the orders ‘Rhodobacterales’ and Caulobacterales (2005)

Hyphomonas neptunium is a marine prosthecate alpha-proteobacterium currently classified as a member of the order 'Rhodobacterales'. Although this classification is supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, 23S rRNA gene sequence analysis, concatenated ribosomal proteins, HSP70 and EF-Tu phylogenies all support classifying Hyphomonas neptunium as a member of the Caulobacterales instead. The possible reasons why the 16S rRNA gene sequence gives conflicting results in this case are also discussed.
Depletion of MutSbeta slows GAA•TTC repeat expansion in a cellular model of Friedreich Ataxia (2012)

Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) is caused by expansion of a GAA•TTC triplet repeat in the first intron of the frataxin gene. FRDA is a fatal, autosomal recessive disease characterized by rapidly progressing neurodegeneration. Disease severity directly correlates with GAA•TTC repeat number. We have developed a human cellular model of FRDA that recapitulates the incremental, continuous expansion found in post‐mitotic tissues of affected patients. Our hypothesis is that repeat expansion is mediated by DNA repair enzymes in the mismatch repair pathway that are attracted to unusual structures formed by transcription through the GAA•TTC repeat. DNA mismatches and small loop‐outs are recognized by MutS heterodimers MutSalpha or MutSbeta (composed of M ut S H omologue 2 (MSH2) and MSH6 or MSH2 and MSH3, respectively). We found that shRNA depletion of MSH2 or MSH3, but not MSH6, slowed GAA•TTC expansion in our FRDA model. We conclude that although MSH2 depletion is associated with colorectal cancer, targeting MSH3 has promising therapeutic potential in slowing FRDA progression. Funded by grants from the Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance and the LSUHSC Research Enhancement Fund.
Enhanced Sleepy Node Support for CoAP (2014)

CoAP is a specialized web transfer protocol for constrained devices.
These devices typically have some combination of limited battery
power, small memory footprint and low throughput links. It is expected
that in CoAP networks there will be a certain portion of devices that
are and which may occasionally go into a sleep mode (i.e. go
into a low power state to conserve power) and temporarily suspend CoAP
protocol communication. This document proposes a minimal and efficient
mechanism building on the Resource Directory (RD) functionality to
enhance sleepy node support in CoAP networks. The RD functionality may
be incorporated as part of a CoAP Proxy.
Management and treatment of lactose malabsorption (2006)

Lactose malabsorption is a very common condition characterized by intestinal lactase deficiency. Primary lactose malabsorption is an inherited deficit present in the majority of the world's population, while secondary hypolactasia can be the consequence of an intestinal disease. The presence of malabsorbed lactose in the colonic lumen causes gastrointestinal symptoms. The condition is known as lactose intolerance. In patients with lactase nonpersistence, treatment should be considered exclusively if intolerance symptoms are present. In the absence of guidelines, the common therapeutic approach tends to exclude milk and dairy products from the diet. However, this strategy may have serious nutritional disadvantages. Several studies have been carried out to find alternative approaches, such as exogenous beta-galactosidase, yogurt and probiotics for their bacterial lactase activity, pharmacological and non pharmacological strategies that can prolong contact time between enzyme and substrate delaying gastrointestinal transit time, and chronic lactose ingestion to enhance colonic adaptation. In this review the usefulness of these approaches is discussed and a therapeutic management with a flow chart is proposed.
On the design of a common avenue for frequency estimation and frame synchronization (2006)

Frame synchronization and frequency estimation have historically been completely separate problems in digital receiver design. Here, a common avenue is discovered and transformed into practical algorithms. The proposed approach is based on the adoption of a differential post detection integration (DPDI) scheme for the acquisition of the unique word marking the beginning of the frame. The DPDI decision variable can indeed be used also for frequency estimation purposes, with very limited complexity. The adoption of a modular preamble structure with a two stage detector is also proposed to improve performance and optimize the detector structure. Performance is studied through simulations and analysis, providing closed form expressions for the estimation error variance. Both simulations and analysis show that the proposed joint approach is able to provide estimation performance close to the Cramer-Rao bound, as well as practically error-free frame synchronization, with very limited complexity
Amorphous silicon anti-fuse for high-speed FPGA application (2003)

Amorphous silicon has been used as a programmable material for a metal-to-metal anti-fuse. A study on the characteristics of such an anti-fuse and the parameters that affect its programming characteristics is presented. In the unprogrammed state the resistance of the anti-fuse is greater than 1 G Omega and the capacitance is less than 1.3 fF. Programmed state resistances of less than 50 Omega have been achieved. This technology is in production for a 1.0- mu m CMOS-based 1000-gate field programmable gate array (FPGA).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for zinc and its application to macrophage cells (2006)

A new highly sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for zinc ion, based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, has been designed, synthesized, and applied to macrophage cells.
USE AND COST OF ELECTRICITY FOR SELECTED PROCESSES SPECIFIC TO A HOSPITAL COOK-CHILL/FREEZE FOOD-PRODUCTION SYSTEM (1986)

The amount of electricity used and its cost for processes specific to the cook-chill/freeze food-production system in a 500-bed hospital were studied. Chilling, freezing, holding under refrigeration, and reheating food used a mean of 860.3 kwh of electricity per day, or 0.74 kwh of electricity per tray delivered to the service galleys. At $0.05 per kwh, the cost was $43.01 per day or $0.037 per tray.
Inhibitors of protein phosphatase‐2A from human brain structures, immunocytological localization and activities towards dephosphorylation of the Alzheimer type hyperphosphorylated tau (2004)

Protein phosphatase (PP)-2A, which regulates the phosphorylation of tau, is regulated by two endogenous inhibitor proteins, I(1)(PP2A) and I(2)(PP2A), in mammalian tissues. Here, we report the cloning of I(1)(PP2A) and I(2)(PP2A) from human brain, and show that in PC12 cells and in I(1)(PP2A)-GFP or I(2)(PP2A)-GFP transfected NIH3T3 and human neural progenitor cells, I(1)(PP2A) is localized mostly in the cell cytoplasm and I(2)(PP2A) mostly in the nucleus. The recombinant I(1)(PP-2A) and I(2)(PP-2A) inhibit PP-2A activity towards hyperphosphorylated tau in vitro; the dephosphorylation of the hyperphosphorylated tau at specific sites is selectively inhibited. Overexpression of I(1)(PP2A) as well as I(2)(PP2A) results in tau hyperphosphorylation and degeneration of PC 12 cells.