gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid−Liquid Phase Equilibrium in Glycerol−Methanol−Methyl Oleate and Glycerol−Monoolein−Methyl Oleate Ternary Systems (2006)

In the present work, the liquid−liquid phase equilibrium data for the glycerol−methanol−methyl oleate and glycerol−monoolein−methyl oleate ternary systems were determined experimentally and compared with predictions of the UNIFAC and UNIFAC-Dortmund models. Liquid two-phase multicomponent systems consisting mainly of these chemical species are found in some industrially important transesterification reactions. For the glycerol−methanol−methyl oleate ternary system at 60 °C, the predictions of UNIFAC and UNIFAC-Dortmund are in good agreement with the experimental results. For the ternary glycerol−monoolein−methyl oleate system at 135 °C, the predictions of UNIFAC and UNIFAC-Dortmund deviate significantly from the experimental data and are only qualitatively correct. The reliability of the experimental data was determined through Othmer−Tobias plots.
Generating nearly optimally compact models from Krylov-subspace based reduced-order models (2000)

Automatic model reduction of chip, package, and board interconnect is now typically accomplished using moment-matching techniques, where the matching procedure is computed in a stable way using orthogonalized or biorthogonalized Krylov-subspace methods. Such methods are quite robust and reasonably efficient, though they can produce reduced-order models that are far from optimally accurate. In particular, when moment-matching methods are applied to generating a reduced order model for interconnect which exhibits skin effects, the generated models have many more states than necessary. In this paper, we describe our two-step strategy in which we first compute medium-order models using an efficient moment-matching method, and then nearly optimally reduce the medium-order models using truncated balanced realization. Results on a spiral inductor and a package example demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-step approach.
Overview of the Helios Version 2.0 Computational Platform for Rotorcraft Simulations (2011)

This article summarizes the capabilities and development of the Helios version 2.0, or Shasta, software for rotary wing simulations. Specific capabilities enabled by Shasta include off-body adaptive mesh refinement and the ability to handle multiple interacting rotorcraft components such as the fuselage, rotors, flaps and stores. In addition, a new run-mode to handle maneuvering flight has been added. Fundamental changes of the Helios interfaces have been introduced to streamline the integration of these capabilities. Various modifications have also been carried out in the underlying modules for near-body solution, off-body solution, domain connectivity, rotor fluid structure interface and comprehensive analysis to accommodate these interfaces and to enhance operational robustness and efficiency. Results are presented to demonstrate the mesh adaptation features of the software for the NACA0015 wing, TRAM rotor in hover and the UH-60A in forward flight.
OPTIMIZING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANNER GEOMETRY (1980)

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35233.
Toll-Like Receptors and Itch (2014)

TLRs are also found to be expressed by various cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and neurons (Okun et al. 2011; Buchanan et al. 2010; Lehnardt 2010). Activation of TLR signaling in the CNS also results in the production of inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and other inflammatory mediators, which contributes to the pathogenesis of CNS microbial infection (Suh et al. 2009) as well as noninfective disorders, such as stroke (Caso et al. 2007), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Tahara et al. 2006), multiple sclerosis (MS) (Prinz et al. 2006), and chronic pain (Guo and Schluesener 2007; Nicotra et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2012b).
Serious paracetamol poisoning and the results of liver transplantation. (1994)

Paracetamol poisoning is the most common cause of fulminant liver failure in the United Kingdom. An accurate assessment of prognosis at the time of referral will allow the appropriate application of liver transplantation in this setting. The outcome of 92 patients consecutively admitted to a specialist liver unit with severe poisoning has been examined. In patients who did not have a transplant, a fatal outcome was seen for 26/82 (32%), and was associated with late presentation, coma grade, prothrombin time prolongation, metabolic acidosis, and renal dysfunction. Cerebral oedema, and sepsis were responsible for most deaths. Prognostic criteria defined at King's College Hospital seemed to predict the outcome of patients who did not have a transplant managed on the Birmingham liver unit. Seventeen patients were listed for transplantation, 10 had liver transplantation, and seven of 10 survived. Seven were listed but not transplanted, and one of seven survived. Psychological rehabilitation of patients who had a transplant has not proved difficult. These results suggest a role for liver transplantation in the management of selected patients with paracetamol poisoning.
Adding virtual measurements by PWM-induced signal injection (2020)

We show that for PWM-operated devices, it is possible to benefit from signal injection without an external probing signal, by suitably using the excitation provided by the PWM itself. As in the usual signal injection framework conceptualized in [1], an extra "virtual measurement" can be made available for use in a control law, but without the practical drawbacks caused by an external signal.
Channel characteristics of MIMO–WLAN communications at 60 GHz for various corridors (2013)

Abstract A comparison of 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output wireless local area network wireless communication characteristics for six different geometrical shapes is investigated. These six shapes include the straight shape corridor with rectangular cross section, the straight shape corridor with arched cross section, the curved shape corridor with rectangular cross section, the curved shape corridor with arched cross section, the L-shape corridor, and the T-shape corridor. The impulse responses of these corridors are computed by applying shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBR/Image) techniques along with inverse Fourier transform. By using the impulse response of these multipath channels, the mean excess delay, root mean square (RMS) delay spread for these six corridors can be obtained. Numerical results show that the capacity for the rectangular cross section corridors is smaller than those for the arched cross section corridors regardless of the shapes. And the RMS delay spreads for the T-and the L-shape corridors are greater than the other corridors.
Microwave-to-Optical Transduction Using a Mechanical Supermode for Coupling Piezoelectric and Optomechanical Resonators (2020)

The successes of superconducting quantum circuits at local manipulation of quantum information and photonics technology at long-distance transmission of the same have spurred interest in the development of quantum transducers for efficient, low-noise, and bidirectional frequency conversion of photons between the microwave and optical domains. We propose to realize such functionality through the coupling of electrical, piezoelectric, and optomechanical resonators. The coupling of the mechanical subsystems enables formation of a resonant mechanical supermode that provides a mechanically-mediated, efficient single interface to both the microwave and optical domains. The conversion process is analyzed by applying an equivalent circuit model that relates device-level parameters to overall figures of merit for conversion efficiency <i>η</i> and added noise <i>N</i>. These can be further enhanced by proper impedance matching of the transducer to an input microwave transmission line. The performance of potential transducers is assessed through finite-element simulations, with a focus on geometries in GaAs, followed by considerations of the AlN, LiNbO<sub>3</sub>, and AlN-on-Si platforms. We present strategies for maximizing <i>η</i> and minimizing <i>N</i>, and find that simultaneously achieving <i>η</i> > 50 % and <i>N</i> < 0.5 should be possible with current technology. We find that the use of a mechanical supermode for mediating transduction is a key enabler for high-efficiency operation, particularly when paired with an appropriate microwave impedance matching network. Our comprehensive analysis of the full transduction chain enables us to outline a development path for the realization of high-performance quantum transducers that will constitute a valuable resource for quantum information science.
Mass Spectrometric Study of Vaporization of Lithium Fluoride (1982)

The vaporization of lithium fluoride was studied by using a mass spectrometer attached with a tungsten Knudsen cell over a temperature range of 1,006–1,200 K. As the ion species, Li+, LiF+, Li2F+ and Li3F2 + were identified, where Li+ and LiF+ were mainly attributed to the monomer (LiF) as their precursor. While, Li2F+ and Li3F2 + were identified to be formed from the dimer (Li2F2) and the trimer (Li3F3), respectively. Partial vapor pressures of these vapor species were obtained by estimating their relative ionization cross sections and comparing their peak heights with those of the internal standard. The heats of vaporization of the monomer, dimer and trimer were obtained by the second law as well as the third law treatments. The heats of vaporization of liquid lithium fluoride were obtained by approximation through differentiation of the quadric regression curves of partial vapor pressures. The fairly good agreement was attained between the second law and the third law heats of vaporization.
Efficient thermal management for multiprocessor systems (2009)

High temperatures and large thermal variations on the die create severe challenges in system reliability, performance, leakage power, and cooling costs. Designing for worst-case thermal conditions is highly costly and time-consuming. Therefore, dynamic thermal management methods are needed to maintain safe temperature levels during execution. Conventional management techniques sacrifice performance to control temperature and only consider the hot spots, neglecting the effects of thermal variations. This thesis focuses on developing performance- efficient techniques to achieve safe and balanced thermal profiles on multiprocessor system-on-chips (MPSoCs). Modeling performance, temperature, and reliability of MPSoCs with high accuracy and reasonable simulation time is a challenge, because we need to keep track of instruction-level activities and also simulate sufficiently long real-time execution to have meaningful reliability estimates. The first contribution of this thesis is a fast simulation framework, which evaluates reliability of runtime policies or design-time decisions accurately in a matter of hours--whereas traditional architecture-level simulators would have to run for days. Job scheduling on an MPSoC has a significant impact on temperature and reliability. For systems with a priori known workloads, this thesis proposes a scheduling optimization method which outperforms other static energy or temperature management techniques in terms of reducing thermal hot spots and gradients. However, having an accurate design-time workload estimate is not possible for most systems. This work introduces dynamic techniques to address runtime variations in workload. The key aspects of these dynamic techniques are low-performance impact and adaptation capability. Reacting after thermal events occur reduces the efficiency of thermal management policies. This thesis proposes a novel proactive management approach to address this issue, and shows that utilizing a thermal forecast for temperature-aware scheduling achieves significant gains in both temperature and performance. All the novel management policies introduced in this thesis are evaluated using an experimental framework based on real-life systems and workloads. In the experiments on an UltraSPARC T1 processor, proactive thermal management achieves remarkable results with an average 60% reduction in hot spot occurrences, 80% reduction in spatial gradients and 75% reduction in thermal cycles in comparison to reactive thermal management, while also improving performance
A method for the sensorless determination of the vibration level in inverter-driven induction motors (2003)

This paper presents a sensorless vibration monitoring method for inverter-driven induction motors. Extensive work has been focused on condition monitoring systems which detect the existence of specific fault-induced harmonics in the current spectrum. Initial investigations into the relationship between current harmonics and their causal vibration harmonics has proven that useful vibration information can be gained in a sensorless fashion by evaluating the current spectrum. The effect of inverter voltage harmonics on the method's ability to detect an increase in vibration is tested and shown in experimental results.
Automatic segmentation of non-enhanced brain tumors in magnetic resonance images (2000)

Tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance (MR) images aids in tumor treatment by tracking the progress of tumor size. This research explores automatic segmentation of pre-contrast brain tumor pathology from healthy tissues in MR images to aid in the task of tracking tumor size over time. The enhancing agent gadolinium (Gd) is routinely administered to brain tumor patients during MR image acquisition to provide physicians with better tumor delineation. The goals of this work are twofold: (1) It has been traditionally very difficult to measure tumor volumes where a Gd enhancing agent has not affected the tumor contrast; (2) Since the use of a contrast agent is invasive and adds significant cost to the procedure (more than a 100% increase [1]), it would be beneficial to the patient, if a system accurately measured tumor volumes without the need for an administered contrast agent. 
The MR feature images used for segmentation consist of three weighted images (TI, T2 and proton density) for each 5mm thick axial slice through the head. An initial segmentation is computed using an unsupervised fuzzy clustering algorithm. Then integrated domain knowledge, image processing techniques, and further clustering contribute to the final tumor segmentations. All techniques are applied under the control of a knowledge-based system. System knowledge was acquired by training on pre-contrast, non-enhancing patient volumes. The system training as well as testing will be discussed. Our results show successful tumor segmentations on non-enhancing patient volumes. 
Our results show that we detected all six non-enhancing brain tumors, located tumor tissue in 35 of the 36 ground truth (radiologist labeled) slices containing nonenhancing tumor and successfully separated tumor regions from physically connected CSF regions in nine of nine slices. Quantitative measurements are promising as correspondence ratios between ground truth and segmented tumor regions ranged between 0.368 and 0.871 per volume, with percent match ranging between 0.530 and 0.909 per volume. This research was then extended to pre-contrast, enhancing tumor volumes yielding the ability to track tumor growth and shrinkage through 20 of 23 transition points.*
*This dissertation includes a CD that is multimedia (contains text and other applications that are not available in a printed format). The CD requires the following applications: Windows 95/98, Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Office.
Nonrigid registration with tissue-dependent filtering of the deformation field (2007)

In present-day medical practice it is often necessary to nonrigidly align image data. Current registration algorithms do not generally take the characteristics of tissue into account. Consequently, rigid tissue, such as bone, can be deformed elastically, growth of tumours may be concealed, and contrast-enhanced structures may be reduced in volume. We propose a method to locally adapt the deformation field at structures that must be kept rigid, using a tissue-dependent filtering technique. This adaptive filtering of the deformation field results in locally linear transformations without scaling or shearing. The degree of filtering is related to tissue stiffness: more filtering is applied at stiff tissue locations, less at parts of the image containing nonrigid tissue. The tissue-dependent filter is incorporated in a commonly used registration algorithm, using mutual information as a similarity measure and cubic B-splines to model the deformation field. The new registration algorithm is compared with this popular method. Evaluation of the proposed tissue-dependent filtering is performed on 3D computed tomography (CT) data of the thorax and on 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images. The results show that tissue-dependent filtering of the deformation field leads to improved registration results: tumour volumes and vessel widths are preserved rather than affected.
Rapid Photopolymerization of Oligodeoxynucleotides by 3-Cyanovinylcarbazole mediated DNA Photocrosslinking (2014)

We proposed rapid photopolymerization of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) by 3-cyanovinylcarbazole (CNVK), which photoirradiates the crosslinking between DNA strands at 366 nm. This photopolymerization of ODNs using CNVK was completed by the photoirradiation for within two seconds, the reaction rate of which is faster than any other method such as enzymatic and chemical ligation. Moreover, the photopolymerized DNA structure was degraded to the monomer ODN by photoirradiation at 312 nm. The photopolymerized DNA structure has B-form the same as the native helical duplex structure and its structure attained thermal resistance when maintained at a temperature of 60°C. Sequence specific photopolymerization incorporating micro RNA was also successful.
L-Ascorbic Acid Synthesis in Birds: Phylogenetic Trend (1969)

The ability of several species of birds to synthesize L-ascorbic acid is correlated with their phylogeny. In the more primitive species, synthesis of L-ascorbic acid occurs in the kidney. Among the highly evolved passeriform species, kidney and liver can synthesize L-ascorbic acid in some, whereas in others synthesis occurs in the liver. In still others, the capacity for the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid is apparently lost. The pattern of evolution of the ascorbic acid pathway among birds is thus similar to that among mammals.
Multiple hypothesis testing for compressive wideband sensing (2012)

The classical Compressive Sensing (CS) techniques for wideband spectral sensing consist of a two-stage estimation detection approach. A novel approach is proposed to solve the detection problem directly from observations with incomplete frequency information, for e.g., signals acquired using sub-Nyquist rate sampling. The wideband occupancy detection problem is formulated as a multiple hypothesis testing problem under a non-Bayesian framework, and a Neyman-Pearson-like criterion is proposed. The detector based on exhaustive search performs better than the conventional CS based techniques. However, it is impractical for large block sizes. Hence, we propose a sub-optimal greedy algorithm whose complexity and performance can be traded-off by construction.
Physiologic aging of mature porcine erythrocytes: Effects of various metabolites, antimetabolites, and physical stressors (1986)

Red blood cells were collected from Landrace X Duroc pigs in pooled and single batches. The RBC were stored for 24 hours to 20 days and exposed to 1 or more chemical and physical stressors. The chemicals were pyruvate, lactate, inosine, concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin conjugate, hydrogen peroxide, L-mimosine, and 3-amino-L-tyrosine. Physical stressors included thermogenic microwave radiation (2,450 MHz, mean specific absorption rate of 91 W/kg) and conventional heating with hot air or hot-water bath. Heating erythrocytes to 43 C for 10 minutes with microwaves or hot air did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) increase hemolysis, compared with hemolysis of RBC at 4 C (controls). Pyruvate or lactate did not affect the RBC under these conditions. Hemolysis of cells coated with concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin and heated to 43 C for 10 minutes by use of microwaves or hot air was significantly (P less than 0.05 by Student's t test) greater (48%) than that of RBC at 4 C (controls). The method of heating or the presence of pyruvate, lactate, or inosine did not have a significant (P greater than 0.05) effect on hemolysis. Lysis of RBC (14 days after collection) coated with concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin and stored at 4 C was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) than that of noncoated cells (6 days after collection) stored at 4 C (control). When RBC were heated 20 days after collection to 48 C for 30 minutes, using a hot water bath, hemolysis was 60.6% greater than that of control cells (4 C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Layered structures of shear-oriented and multilayered PEO/silicate nanocomposite films (2004)

The structure and orientation of polymer and clay platelets in multilayered, micrometer-thick nanocomposite films was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Microscopic and scattering methods complementarily measured the morphology and shear-induced orientation of polymer and platelets in films when spread layer by layer from a network-like polymer clay solution. During the drying process, the polymer clay network collapsed and clay platelets oriented inside the network with the clay surface normal perpendicular to the spread direction (x–z plane). On nanometer length scales, SANS and AFM yielded structure and orientation of platelets and polymer in and perpendicular to the spread direction of the film. SEM investigations led to the observation of unexpected morphology on the micron length scale. SEM did not detect boundaries between single spread, micron-thick film layers but, surprisingly, showed a highly ordered and layered structure of the film. Polarized light microscopy showed differences in birefringence in each plane.
CpG Island Tumor Suppressor Promoter Methylation in Non-BRCA-Associated Early Mammary Carcinogenesis (2009)

This is the first evidence of CpG island methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters in non-BRCA1/2 familial breast cancer.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Typing of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from Single Hairs in Japanese (1992)

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from single hairs is described. HLA-DQA1 genotypes could be determined from single plucked hair roots. However, it was not easy to type HLA-DQA1 with hair shaft portions. Increase in the specimens of hair shaft portions (over 10 cm in length) to get sufficient DNA caused inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Synthetic melanin as well as the one extracted from hairs inhibited the PCR of the genomic DNA template when added to the PCR reaction at the concentrations over than 15 ng/100 microL. Therefore, typability of hair shaft portions seems to depend on the delicate balance of the concentrations of DNA and the contaminated melanin in the final DNA extracts.