gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Musicologies, Old Musicologies: Ethnomusicology and the Study of Western Music* (1997)

Ethnomusicology currently engages with the study of Western music in two principal ways. On the one hand, there are specific ethnomusicological studies that focus on aspects of Western musical traditions. Examples include Paul Berliner's analysis of improvisation in jazz (1994), Philip Bohlman's study of chamber music as ethnic music in contemporary Israel (1991), and the examinations of music schools and conservatories by Bruno Nettl (1995) and Henry Kingsbury (1988). These works, in and of themselves, offer explicit and direct indication of what an ethnomusicological approach to Western music involves and what manner of insights can be produced thereby. Second, and more diffusely, ethnomusicological research plays into the study of Western music through musicologists' adoption, adaptation, and application of ethnomusicological techniques and concepts: some musicologists have drawn from specific ethnographies of non Western musical traditions, and others have made recourse to the standard texts of ethnomusicological theory and practice (such as Merriam 1964 and Nettl 1983). This article discusses the recent diversification of traditional musicology and the serious consideration by musicologists of ethnomusicological theory and practice.
Grid-connected Lithium-ion battery energy storage system for load leveling and peak shaving (2013)

Load leveling, peak shaving and power demand management are major applications of a grid-connected battery energy storage system (BESS), especially in an autonomous power network. Lithium-ion BESS has started to become one of the most popular options of energy storage systems due to its high charge/discharge efficiency and significant energy density. This paper presents a current control scheme for Lithium-ion BESS that utilizes the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries to satisfy system operation constraints. The output signal of the proposed current loop controller is fed to the PWM generator block to produce the gating signals for the converter semiconductor switches. The control algorithm considers the active and reactive grid reference signals as long as the battery state of charge (SOC) is within the designated upper and lower limits. Detailed simulations are performed and analysed for typical operating conditions with BESS absorbing/injecting power from/to the grid, as well as large active power commands beyond the capability of the battery. Simulations are aimed to investigate the steady-state and transient performances of BESS responses while displaying minimum overshoot.
Amino Acid Sequence Requirements at Residues 69 and 238 for the SME-1 β-Lactamase To Confer Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics (2003)

Carbapenem antibiotics have been used to counteract resistant strains of bacteria harboring beta-lactamases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Four enzymes from the class A group of beta-lactamases, NMC-A, IMI-1, SME-1, and KPC-1, efficiently hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics. Sequence comparisons and structural information indicate that cysteines at amino acid residues 69 and 238, which are conserved in all four of these enzymes, form a disulfide bond that is unique to these beta-lactamases. To test whether this disulfide bond is required for catalytic activity, the codons for residues Cys69 and Cys238 were randomized individually and simultaneously by PCR-based mutagenesis to create random replacement libraries for these positions. Mutants that were able to confer resistance to ampicillin, imipenem, or cefotaxime were selected from these libraries. The results indicate that positions Cys69 and Cys238 are critical for hydrolysis of all of the antibiotics tested, suggesting that the disulfide bond is generally required for this enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Expression and Inhibition of the Carboxylating and Decarboxylating Enzymes in the Photosynthetic C<sub>4</sub> Pathway of Marine Diatoms (2007)

There is evidence that the CO(2)-concentrating mechanism in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii operates as a type of single-cell C(4) photosynthesis. In quantitative-PCR assays, we observed 2- to 4-fold up-regulation of two phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene transcripts in Thalassiosira pseudonana cells adapted to low pCO(2), but did not detect such regulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown under similar conditions. Transcripts encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase did not appear to be regulated by pCO(2) in either diatom. In T. pseudonana and T. weissflogii, net CO(2) fixation was blocked by 3,3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (a specific inhibitor of PEPC), but was restored by about 50% and 80%, respectively, by addition of millimolar concentrations of KHCO(3). In T. pseudonana, T. weissflogii, and P. tricornutum, rates of net O(2) evolution were reduced by an average of 67%, 55%, and 62%, respectively, in the presence of 20 microm quercetin, also an inhibitor of PEPC. Quercetin promoted net CO(2) leakage from inhibited cells to levels in excess of the equilibrium CO(2) concentration, suggesting that a fraction of the HCO(3)(-) taken up is fated to leak back into the medium as CO(2) when PEPC activity is blocked. In parallel to these experiments, in vitro assays on crude extracts of T. pseudonana demonstrated mean inhibition of 65% of PEPC activity by quercetin. In the presence of 5 mm 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA), a classic inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, photosynthetic O(2) evolution was reduced by 90% in T. pseudonana. In T. weissflogii and P. tricornutum, 5 mm 3-MPA totally inhibited net CO(2) fixation and O(2) evolution. Neither quercetin nor 3-MPA had a significant inhibitory effect on photosynthetic O(2) evolution or CO(2) uptake in the marine chlorophyte isolates Chlamydomonas sp. or Dunaliella tertiolecta. Our evidence supports the idea that C(4)-based CO(2)-concentrating mechanisms are generally distributed in diatoms. This conclusion is discussed within the context of the evolutionary success of diatoms.
Characterization of the antigenic and adhesive properties of FaeG, the major subunit of K88 fimbriae (1992)

The two K88 serotypes, K88ab and K88ac, differ in terms of antigenic and adhesive properties. The structural determinants of the serotype-specific epitopes and the identify of the amino acid residues involved in fimbriae-receptor interaction were studied by the construction and analysis of K88 hybrid proteins in which various parts of the K88ab and K88ac fimbrial subunit FaeG were exchanged, and by in vitro mutagenesis of non-conserved amino acid residues. Using a set of monoclonal antibodies, several regions or amino acid residues involved in the formation of serotype-specific antigenic determinants were located. The haemagglutinating activity of the hybrid and mutant proteins revealed several amino acid residues involved in the formation of the receptor binding site. A clear correlation was found between the receptor binding site and the serotype-specific antigenic determinants.
Differential expression and functional role of GATA-2, NF-E2, and GATA-1 in normal adult hematopoiesis. (1995)

We have explored the expression of the transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, and NF-E2 in purified early hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) induced to gradual unilineage erythroid or granulocytic differentiation by growth factor stimulus. GATA-2 mRNA and protein, already expressed in quiescent HPCs, is rapidly induced as early as 3 h after growth factor stimulus, but then declines in advanced erythroid and granulocytic differentiation and maturation. NF-E2 and GATA-1 mRNAs and proteins, though not detected in quiescent HPCs, are gradually induced at 24-48 h in both erythroid and granulocytic culture. Beginning at late differentiation/early maturation stage, both transcription factors are further accumulated in the erythroid pathway, whereas they are suppressed in the granulopoietic series. Similarly, the erythropoietin receptor (EpR) is induced and sustainedly expressed during erythroid differentiation, although beginning at later times (i.e., day 5), whereas it is barely expressed in the granulopoietic pathway. In the first series of functional studies, HPCs were treated with antisense oligomers targeted to transcription factor mRNA: inhibition of GATA-2 expression caused a decreased number of both erythroid and granulocyte-monocytic clones, whereas inhibition of NF-E2 or GATA-1 expression induced a selective impairment of erythroid colony formation. In a second series of functional studies, HPCs treated with retinoic acid were induced to shift from erythroid to granulocytic differentiation (Labbaye et al. 1994. Blood. 83:651-656); this was coupled with abrogation of GATA-1, NF-E2, and EpR expression and conversely enhanced GATA-2 levels. These results indicate the expression and key role of GATA-2 in the early stages of HPC proliferation/differentiation. Conversely, NF-E2 and GATA-1 expression and function are apparently restricted to erythroid differentiation and maturation: their expression precedes that of the EpR, and their function may be in part mediated via the EpR.
Developmental regulation of a sporulation-specific enzyme activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1982)

An alpha-glucosidase activity (SAG) occurs in a/alpha Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells beginning at about 8 to 10 h after the initiation of sporulation. This enzyme is responsible for the rapid degradation of intracellular glycogen which follows the completion of meiosis in these cells. SAG differs from similar activities present in vegetative cells and appears to be a sporulation-specific enzyme. Cells arrested at various stages in sporulation (DNA replication, recombination, meiosis I, and meiosis II) were examined for SAG activity; the results show that SAG appearance depends on DNA synthesis and some recombination events but not on the meiotic divisions.
A Lightweight Synchronous Cryptographic Hash Chain Solution to Securing the Vehicle CAN bus (2018)

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is the de facto standard for communication inside the vehicle between its Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and the various sensors that are distributed throughout the body and powertrain of the vehicle. To date, the bus remains unprotected from network attacks, a situation that cannot persist, given the recent drive toward vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), which leaves a vehicle's electronic devices exposed to all sorts of network attacks. In this paper, we propose a lightweight encryption solution, reminiscent of Blockchain technology, that generates keys based on a CAN frame's payload and the previous key, thus rendering a robust solution. We describe our solution's design and its prototypical implementation, which we built to verify the functionality of our solution. We also validate our solution using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool.
Low-frequency electronic noise in the double-gate single-layer graphene transistors (2009)

The authors report the results of an experimental investigation of the low-frequency noise in the double-gate graphene transistors. The back-gate graphene devices were modified via addition of the top gate separated by ∼20 nm of HfO2 from the single-layer graphene channels. The measurements revealed low flicker noise levels with the normalized noise spectral density close to 1/f (f is the frequency) and Hooge parameter αH≈2×10−3. The analysis of noise spectral density dependence on the top and bottom gate biases helped to elucidate the noise sources in these devices. The obtained results are important for graphene electronic and sensor applications.
Vanadium-Catalysed Oxidative Bromination Using Dilute Mineral Acids and Hydrogen Peroxide:  An Option for Recycling Waste Acid Streams (2000)

Vanadium pentoxide, V2O5, catalyses the two-electron oxidation of Br- to Br+, using aqueous hydrogen peroxide under dilute acidic conditions. In this system, kinetic studies show that HBr can be replaced with a combination of an alkali bromide salt (NaBr, KBr) and a dilute mineral acid (e.g., HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4). The salt/acid/peroxide system may be used for in situ or ex situ oxidative bromination, e.g. of various aromatic compounds. The application of the above concept towards the recycling of industrial acid waste is discussed. The cost effectiveness, E factors, and hazard factors for several bromination and oxidative bromination reagent systems are compared.
지역별 해외건설의 경제적 파급효과 분석 (2012)

본 연구의 목적은 해외건설의 지역별 공종별 투입구조를 감안하여 해외건설이 국내경제에 미치는 파급효과를 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해서 2008-2010년 해외건설협회의 준공보고실적 자료를 이용하여 지역별, 공종별로 투입구조를 파악하였으며, 국내경제 파급효과를 위해 산업연관분석틀을 이용하였다. 2011년 해외건설 기성액 37조 381억원을 기준으로 지역별 공종별 해외건설의 국내경제 파급효과를 분석한 결과, 지역별로 보면 중동지역의 파급효과가 전체의 약 67.4%를 차지하고 있어, 우리나라 해외건설의 경제적 파급효과의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 다음으로 중남미, 아시아지역의 파급효과가 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 해외건설의 경제적 파급력을 보다 높이려면 지역차원에서는 생산, 부가가치, 고용유발계수가 높은 아프리카지역, 공종차원에서는 부가가치 및 고용유발계수가 높은 용역공종에 대한 해외건설 수주에 관심을 가져야 할 것이다. 특히, 아프리카지역 및 용역 공종은 해외건설 사업비의 국내유입비중이 높기 때문에 그 중요성은 더 높다고 할 수 있다.
Geronticide: killing the elderly Mike Brogden Geronticide: Kiling The Elderly Jessica Kingsley Publishers £15.95 1 85302 700 X 185302700X (2001)

Mike Brogden discusses euthanasia, drawing on a variety of sources to do so - historical, anthropological, sociological, literary and contemporary.
Kontrol PID Pada Steam Mini Plant Boiler Menggunakan PLC dan HMI (2021)

Boiler merupakan bejana yang didesain tertutup untuk mengubah air menjadi uap air yang bertekanan. Secara tidak langsung ketinggian dan volume air berpengaruh dalam pegaturan tekanan di dalam boiler. Untuk mencegah terjadinya overpressure dibutuhklan perangkat kontrol yang stabil agar sesuai dengan setpoint yang diinginkan. Kontrol PID pada PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) dan HMI (Human Machine Interface) dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengontrol sistem yang stabil dan memonitoring kinerja sistem secara real time. Pengaturan tekanan pada boiler dirancang oleh beberapa komponen yang terdiri dari: Motor Servo, Sensor tekanan (mpx5700ap), PLC dan HMI. Sistem ini berfungsi untuk mengontrol tekanan pada boiler sesuai dengan setpoint agar tidak terjadi overpressure. Dari data hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai konstanta PID Kp = 28.01, Ki = 0.46, dan Kd = 1.68 untuk mendapatkan sisem yang stabil pada boiler yang ditampilkan dalam HMI dengan waktu respon sebesar 0.25 detik.
Understanding palm-based imaginary interfaces (2013)

Imaginary Interfaces are screen-less ultra-mobile interfaces. Previously we showed that even though they offer no visual feedback they allow users to interact spatially, e.g., by pointing at a location on their non-dominant hand.
Anwendungen der Phasentransfer‐Katalyse, 14. Darstellung von Alkinen aus Alkylhalogeniden mit festem Kalium‐<i>tert</i>‐butylat und Kronenether (1980)

Abstract Präparativ einfach und milde verläuft die HX‐Eliminierung mit festem Kalium‐ tert ‐butylat in Petrolether bei Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen [18]Krone‐6. 1,2‐Dihalogenide (aus Alkenen) sowie 1,1‐Dihalogenide (aus Aldehyden) liefern 1‐Alkine, mittelständig geminale Dihalogenide (aus symmetrischen Ketonen) liefern mittelständige Alkine in sehr guten Ausbeuten. 2,2‐Dihalogenide (aus Methylketonen) geben nur dann völlig einheitliche 1‐Alkine, wenn die 3‐Stellung blockiert ist. ( E )‐Halogenalkene führen unter syn ‐Eliminierung ebenfalls zu Alkinen.
Remarkable Effect of Na2CO3 Addition on Photodecomposition of Liquid Water into H2 and O2 from Suspension of Semiconductor Powder Loaded with Various Metals (1992)

Abstract An addition of Na2CO3 played the excellent role for the stoichiometric photodecomposition of liquid water over TiO2 and SrTiO3 loaded with various metals such as Pt, RuO2, and NiOX. The addition of Na2CO3 for TiO2 catalysts was more effective than that for SrTiO3 catalysts. It was suggested that the stoichiometric photodecomposition of water was associated with CO32− ion and neither with Na+ nor pH.
Bluetooth Interference Mitigation in 802.11g (2008)

We study Bluetooth (BT) interference mitigation in IEEE 802.11g systems. A robust modified minimum mean squared error (MMSE) algorithm is derived for channel estimation. For interference estimation and cancelation, we consider two cases: the interference non-coincident and coincident with the 802.11g subcarriers. For the former case, non-linear least square (NLS) interference estimation and time-domain cancelation is proposed. The unique 11g long preamble structure is exploited to further improve the NLS estimation efficiency. For the latter case when the interference is coincident with 802.11g subcarriers, we propose to use NLS and polynomial smoothing for interference frequency estimation, and interpolation for channel estimation at the subjected subcarriers. The frequency domain interference signal is then obtained by subtracting the re-constructed 802.11g preamble from the received signal. Thereafter, mitigation at the data transmission stage is also performed in frequency domain. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated in terms of channel estimation mean squared error (MSE) and the bit error rate (BER) by simulations for a range of interference powers.
Polymer Technology Dictionary (1993)

Greek.- Numeric.- Tables.- 1a. Standard (based on ISO and ASTM) abbreviations of plastics.- 1b. Standard (based on ISO and ASTM) abbreviations of rubbers.- 2a. Letters used to modify abbreviations for plastics (ISO and ASTM).- 2b. Commonly-used letters used to modify abbreviations for plastics (i.e. in addition to Table 2a).- 2c. Symbols used for fillers and/or reinforcing materials.- 3. Some commonly-used abbreviations and trade names of plastics and thermoplastic elastomers.- 4. Some abbreviations and names of plastics and elastomers.- 5a. Some trade names/trade marks, abbreviations and suppliers of polymers and polymer compounds, sorted by alphabetical order of trade name.- 5b. Some trade names/trade marks, abbreviations and suppliers of polymers and polymer compounds, sorted by alphabetical order of abbreviation.- 6. Drying conditions for injection moulding materials.- 7. Heat contents of some moulding materials.- 8. Shrinkage values.- 9. Relative densities of some compounding ingredients and other materials.- 10. Plastics identification chart.- 11. Suggested temperatures and loads for MFR tests.- 12. Moisture content limit for good injection mouldings.- 13. Suggested temperature settings for high shear rate rheometry.- 14. Moldflow data for PA 6.- 15. Carbon black classification.- Appendices.- A. SI units - advice on use.- B. SI prefixes.- C. Unit conversion.- D. Temperature conversion.- E. Relative atomic masses (atomic weights).- F. The Greek alphabet.
Analysis of TOAD switching characteristics considering the gain and phase response of a semiconductor optical amplifier to control pulses (2000)

In this paper, we analyze the switching characteristics of a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) considering the gain and phase response of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) to control pulses. The saturation depth of the SOA depends on the energy of the control pulse when the width of the control pulse is smaller. However, when the control-pulse width is increased to a certain extent, the saturation depth of the SOA reaches a steady value, which is governed by the power of the control pulse rather than its energy. To assure a perfect switching window of the TOAD, a large control pulse width should be avoided. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 374–377, 2000.
Treatment of plaque psoriasis with an ointment formulation of the Janus kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib: a Phase 2b randomized clinical trial (2016)

Most psoriasis patients have mild to moderate disease, commonly treated topically. Current topical agents have limited efficacy and undesirable side effects associated with long-term use. Tofacitinib is a small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor investigated for the topical treatment of psoriasis. This was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled Phase 2b study of tofacitinib ointment (2 % and 1 %) applied once (QD) or twice (BID) daily in adults with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. Primary endpoint: proportion of patients with Calculated Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA-C) clear or almost clear and ≥2 grade improvement from baseline at Weeks 8 and 12. Secondary endpoints: proportion of patients with PGA-C clear or almost clear; proportion achieving Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75 (PASI75) response; percent change from baseline in PASI and body surface area; change from baseline in Itch Severity Item (ISI). Adverse events (AEs) were monitored and clinical laboratory parameters measured. Overall, 435 patients were randomized and 430 patients received treatment. The proportion of patients with PGA-C clear or almost clear and ≥2 grade improvement from baseline at Week 8 was 18.6 % for 2 % tofacitinib QD (80 % confidence interval [CI] for difference from vehicle: 3.8, 18.2 %) and 22.5 % for 2 % tofacitinib BID (80 % CI: 3.1, 18.5 %); this was significantly higher vs vehicle for both dosage regimens. No significant difference vs vehicle was seen at Week 12. Significantly more patients achieved PGA-C clear or almost clear with 2 % tofacitinib QD and BID and 1 % tofacitinib QD (not BID) at Week 8, and with 2 % tofacitinib BID at Week 12. Pruritus was significantly reduced vs vehicle with 2 % and 1 % tofacitinib BID (starting Day 2), and 2 % tofacitinib QD (starting Day 3). Overall, 44.2 % of patients experienced AEs, 8.1 % experienced application site AEs, and 2.3 % experienced serious AEs. The highest incidence of AEs (including application site AEs) was in the vehicle QD group. In adults with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis, 2 % tofacitinib ointment QD and BID showed greater efficacy than vehicle at Week 8, but not Week 12, with an acceptable safety and local tolerability profile. NCT01831466 registered March 28, 2013.
Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Profile Determined with High Speed, Ultrahigh Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography High-Density Scanning (2007)

RNFL thickness is generally inversely related to the distance from the ONH center in the peripapillary region of healthy subjects, as determined by hsUHR-OCT. However, several areas showed an initial increase in RNFL, followed by a peak and a gradual decrease.
대학원 생활을 병행하는 유아교사들의 경험과 의미 (2012)

본 연구는 교사생활과 대학원 생활을 병행하는 교사들을 이해하기 위하여 유아교사로써의 생활과 대학원 생활을 병행하는 전문인으로서 경험하게 되는 것은 무엇인지 알아보고 그러한 과정 속에서 찾아가는 의미를 질적으로 분석하여, 궁극적으로 대학원 생활을 병행하는 유아교사들을 위한 지원방안을 마련하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 대학원 생활을 수료하거나 현재 수학중인 유치원 교사와 어린이집 교사 10명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유 아교사들은 대학원 생활을 병행하면서 교사로서의 역할이 소홀해 지기도 하였지만 수업의 기술적인 면에서는 유능해지고 있었으며, 유아교육기관에 근무 중인 직장인으로서 동료 교사나 관리자에 대한 감사함을 느끼면서도 상급교사나 관리자의 눈치를 보아야만 했다. 한편 대학원 학생으로서 수업 준비 의 미흡이나 불참 등 성실하지 못한 것에 대한 아쉬움을 느끼기도 하였지만 실천적 학문인 유아교육 에 교사의 현장경험은 큰 도움이 될 수 있었다. 또한 두 가지를 병행하는 바쁜 생활 속에서 체력이 소진되고 심리적인 스트레스가 가중될 뿐만 아니라 시간 부족으로 인해서 가족 혹은 친구, 선배와 같은 주변사람과의 인간관계가 소홀해지는 부분도 있었다. 그러나 대학원에서 새로운 인간관계에 따른 멘토-멘티가 형성되면서 교사로서의 역량을 키워나가고 있었다. 둘째, 대학원 생활을 병행하는 교사 들의 경험이 갖는 의미로는 교사로서의 유능감과 자신감을 갖게 되고 ``나``를 돌아보는 시간을 가짐으로써 지친 교사 생활에서 활력을 얻고, 반성적 사고를 할 수 있다는 것이었다. 또한 대학원 생활의 경험과 학위 취득이 더 넓은 미래를 위한 발판이 될 수 있었고, 대학원 생활에서의 경험을 통해 교직을 수행해 나가는 과정에서 직면하는 다양한 문제 상황에 대해 스스로 연구하고 분석하여 최선의 해 결 방안을 모색하고 있었다.