gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Course of the Blood-Alcohol Curve After Consumption of Large Amounts of Alcohol under Realistic Conditions (2006)

This article presents a review and appreciation of an article by Zink and Reinhardt (Z & R) dealing with the time-course of blood-alcohol curves and pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy men after they drank large amounts of alcohol under controlled real-world conditions. Here we present a reappraisal of this published study to highlight certain aspects of interest for forensic casework, such as when expert testimony is presented on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol. Healthy men, all regular drinkers, consumed large doses of alcohol (3.0–5.7 g/kg body weight) in a social setting for 5 to 10 hours. According to preference, the men drank beer, stomach bitters, or spirits in the company of a girlfriend or spouse. Food was available during the drinking session and the men were allowed to watch video films or play cards. Specimens of venous blood were taken from indwelling catheters every 15 to 30 minutes during and after the end of drinking and the concentrations of ethanol were determined in duplicate by both gas chromatography and enzymatic oxidation. The mean of the four measurements was used to plot concentration-time profiles of alcohol for each subject. The average Cmax was 2.65 g/kg (range 1.92–3.80 g/kg) and tmax occurred at 425 min (range 250–608 min) after the start of drinking. In five of the 14 drinking studies, Cmax occurred before the subjects finished their last drink; mean time to peak after the end of drinking was 2 min (range–56 to 50 min). The rate of alcohol elimination from blood was 0.167 g/kg/h on average (range 0.11 to 0. 26.g/kg/h) and only one subject exceeded 0.20 g/kg/h. The average volume of distribution of alcohol (Widmark's rho factor) was 1.05 (range 0.77–1.32), being considerably higher than expected from knowledge of the water content of the blood and the whole body. The abnormally high rho-factors suggest an appreciable pre-systemic metabolism of alcohol, either in the gut or the liver or both organs, when drinking continues for 5–10 hours. The rate of alcohol elimination from blood was not much different from many bolus dose drinking experiments (mean 0.15 g/kg/h). It seems that continuous heavy drinking for days or weeks is necessary to increase the activity of microsomal enzymes (CYP2E1) and cause a faster elimination rate of alcohol from blood. There were no unexpected irregularities in the concentrations of alcohol between successive blood samples, which does not support the notion of a so-called steepling effect in the post-absorptive state.
Virus-Like Particles as Carriers for T-Cell Epitopes: Limited Inhibition of T-Cell Priming by Carrier-Specific Antibodies (2004)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are able to induce cytotoxic T-cell responses in the absence of infection or replication. This makes VLPs promising candidates for the development of recombinant vaccines. However, VLPs are also potent inducers of B-cell responses, and it is generally assumed that such VLP-specific antibodies interfere with the induction of protective immune responses, a phenomenon summarized as carrier suppression. In this study, we investigated the impact of preexisting VLP-specific antibodies on the induction of specific cytotoxic T-cell and Th-cell responses in mice. The data show that VLP-specific antibodies did not measurably reduce antigen presentation in vitro or in vivo. Nevertheless, T-cell priming was slightly reduced by antigen-specific antibodies; however, the overall reduction was limited and vaccination with VLPs in the presence of VLP-specific antibodies still resulted in protective T-cell responses. Thus, carrier suppression is unlikely to be a limiting factor for VLP-based T-cell vaccines.
Designing and pricing menus of extended warranty contracts (2009)

Abstract Extended warranties provide “piece of mind” to a consumer in that product failures which occur after the base warranty expires are rectified at little or no cost. They also provide an additional source of revenue for manufacturers or third‐party providers, such as retailers or insurance providers, and help cultivate consumer loyalty. In this article, we analyze a number of extended warranty contracts which differ in design, including restrictions on deferrals and renewals. With the use of dynamic programming, we compute the optimal strategy for a consumer with perfect information and determine the optimal pricing policy for the provider given the consumer's risk characterization. We also provide insight into when different contracts should be issued. Finally, we illustrate how profits can be dramatically increased by offering menus of warranty contracts, as opposed to stand alone contracts, with the use of integer programming. Surprisingly, risk‐taking consumers provide the greatest benefit to offering menus. These insights can help a company develop a comprehensive warranty planning strategy for given products or product lines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Síndrome DRESS causado por alopurinol y desencadenado por COVID-19 (2000)

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS Syndrome) is caused by many different aetiological factors. We present the case of a 56-year-old woman who started allopurinol treatment about 3 weeks before. She presented with fever, hypotension, tachycardia, generalized maculopapular cutaneous rash, facial edema and axillar, inguinal and cervical enlarged lymph nodes. Complementary diagnostic exams: slight lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, acute renal failure, elevated hepatic enzymes. Swab for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Serologic tests for another virus were negative. Histopathological analysis was compatible with DRESS syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 could also be taken into account when suspected DRESS syndrome.
Strain relaxation mechanisms in compressively strained thin SiGe-on-insulator films grown by selective Si oxidation (2011)

We report on strain relaxation mechanisms in highly compressive-strained (0.67%–2.33% biaxial strain), thin SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) structures with Ge atomic fraction ranging from 0.18 to 0.81. SGOI layers (8.7–75 nm thickness) were fabricated by selective oxidization of Si from compressively strained SiGe films epitaxially grown on single crystalline Si-on-insulator (SOI) layers. During high temperature oxidation annealing, strain relaxation occurred due to both intrinsic stacking fault (SF) formation and biaxial stress-driven buckling of the SiGe layers through viscous flow of the overlying and underlying SiO2 layers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction were performed to confirm the simultaneous occurrence of these two strain relaxation mechanisms. The results indicate that ∼30% of the observed strain relaxation can be attributed to formation of intrinsic SFs and the remaining strain relaxation to stress-driven buckling of the SiGe layers. In addition, cross-sectional TEM images show that some of the SFs and layer buckling roughness appears to be spatially correlated.
<i>MLL/GRAF</i> fusion in an infant acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5b) with a cytogenetically cryptic ins(5;11)(q31;q23q23) (2004)

More than 30 fusions involving the MLL gene at 11q23 have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Some of these chimeras are rather common, such as MLL/MLLT3(AF9), but many are quite rare, with some, for example, MLL/GRAF, described only in a single case. The MLL/GRAF fusion, in which the reciprocal hybrid was not expressed, suggesting that the former transcript was the leukemogenic one, was detected in a juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with a t(5;11)(q31;q23). Here, we report a second case--an infant acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5b)--with an MLL/GRAF fusion. By conventional G-banding, the karyotype was normal. However, Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that MLL was rearranged and that the 5' part of the MLL gene was inserted into 5q in the vicinity of 5q31, which harbors GRAF. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that exon 9 of MLL was fused in-frame with exon 19 of GRAF. Extralong genomic PCR with subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated that the breakpoints occurred in intron 9 of MLL, nine base pairs (bp) downstream from exon 9, and in intron 18 of GRAF, 117 bp downstream from exon 18. A 6-bp insertion (ACACTC) of unknown origin was present at the junction. The putative MLL/GRAF fusion protein would retain the AT-hook DNA-binding domain, the DNA methyl transferase motif, the transcription repression domain of MLL, and the SH3 domain of GRAF. As expected, the reciprocal GRAF/MLL was neither expressed nor generated at the genomic level as a consequence of the ins(5;11)(q31;q23q23). On the basis of the now-reported two cases with MLL/GRAF, we conclude that this transcript--but not the reciprocal one--characterizes a rare genetic subgroup of infant AML.
Creating abstract superclasses by refactoring (1993)

This paper focuses on object-oriented programming and one kind of structure-improving transformation (refactoring) that is unique to object-oriented programming: finding abstract superclasses. We decompose the operation of finding an abstract superclass into a set of refactoring steps, and provide examples. We discuss techniques that can automate or automatically support these steps. We also consider some of the conditions that must be satisfied to perform a refactoring safely; sometimes to satisfy these conditions other refactorings must first be applied.
Low-threshold double heterojunction AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes: Theory and experiment (1976)

A detailed study is presented of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs double heterojunction lasers combining very thin recombination regions (d?0.1 μm) with high Al concentration differences at the heterojunctions. These devices have exceptionally low threshold current densities (475–1000 A/cm2 depending on the structural details), which increase by a median value of 1.35 between 22 and 70 °C. The differential quantum efficiency decrease in that same temperature interval is small. The device parameters have been analyzed in terms of available theory connecting the radiation confinement to the width of the recombination region and the dielectric step at the heterojunctions. Both the threshold current density dependence on the width of the recombination region and the far-field beam pattern are in reasonable agreement with theory. Assuming no change in carrier or optical flux confinement for large Al concentration differences, the temperature dependence of the threshold current density is found to be somewhat steeper than calculated.
Ni/Ti/Pt ohmic contacts to <i>p</i> -GaAs for theheterojunction bipolar transistor process (1996)

The authors have recently developed Ni/Ti/Pt ohmic contacts to p-GaAs. They exhibit the extremely low ohmic contact resistivity of 2 × 10-7 cm2 to a p+-GaAs layer with a doping level of 2 × 1019 cm-3 at the annealing temperature of 400°C, which is higher than the optimised annealing temperature of the Pt ohmic contacts, and is almost equal to that of AuGe/Ni ohmic contacts to n-GaAs. The Ni/Ti/Pt ohmic contact system is very advantageous in fabricating high speed GaAs based HBTs.
Morphological Subtype of the Smooth-Spored Streptomycetes (1966)

Tresner, H. D. (Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Co., Pearl River, N.Y.), M. C. Davies, and M. E. Englert. Morphological subtype of the smoothspored streptomycetes. J. Bacteriol. 91:1998-2005. 1966.-Electron microscopy reveals that certain Streptomyces species produce chains of smooth-surfaced, contiguous, cylindrical spores that resemble the phalanges. Although spore shape itself has not, heretofore, provided an especially important aid in the taxonomy of the streptomycetes, the "phalangiform" spore character promises to be helpful in the identification of species possessing it.
Defining a minimal estrogen receptor DNA binding domain (1993)

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a transcriptional regulator which binds to cognate palindromic DNA sequences known as estrogen response elements (EREs). A 66 amino acid core region which contains two zinc fingers and is highly conserved among the nuclear receptors is essential for site specific DNA recognition. However, it remains unclear how many flanking amino acids in addition to the zinc finger core are required for DNA binding. Here, we have characterized the minimal DNA binding region of the human ER by analysing the DNA binding properties of a series of deletion mutants expressed in bacteria. We find that the 66 amlno acid zinc finger core of the DBD falls to bind DNA, and that the C-termlnal end of the minimal ER DBD required for binding to perfectly palindromic EREs corresponds to the limit of 100% amlno acid homology between the chicken and human receptors, which represents the boundary between regions C and D in the ER. Moreover, amino acids of region D up to 30 residues C-termlnal to the zinc fingers greatly stabilize DNA binding by the DBD to perfectly palindromic EREs and are absolutely required for formation of gel retardation complexes by the DBD on certain physiological imperfectly palindromic EREs. These results indicate that in addition to the zinc finger core, amlno acids C-termlnal to the core in regions C and D play a key role in DNA binding by the ER, particularly to imperfectly palindromic response elements. The ER DBD expressed In E.coli binds as a dlmer to ERE palindromes in a highly cooperative manner and forms only low levels of monomerlc protein - DNA complexes on either palindromic or half-pallndromlc response elements. Conversion of ER amlno acids 222 to 226, which lie within region C, to the corresponding residues of the human RARα abolishes formation of dimeric protein - DNA complexes. Conversely, replacement of the same region of RARα with ER residues 222 to 226
Palladium-catalyzed total synthesis of euchrestifoline using a one-pot Wacker oxidation and double aromatic C–H bond activation (2008)

We describe the total synthesis of euchrestifoline featuring an unprecedented one-pot Wacker oxidation and double aromatic C-H bond activation.
Photosketcher: Interactive sketch-based image synthesis (2011)

Figure 1: Photosketcher: realistic images from user sketches using large image collection queries and interactive image compositing. We introduce Photosketcher, an interactive system for progressively synthesizing novel images using only sparse user sketches as the input. Compared to existing approaches for synthesising images from parts of other images, Photosketcher works on the image con-tent exclusively, no keywords or other metadata associated with the images is required. Users sketch the rough shape of a desired im-age part and we automatically search a large collection of images for images containing that part. The search is based on a bag-of-features approach using local descriptors for translation invariant part retrieval. The compositing step again is based on user scrib-bles: from the scribbles we predict the desired part using Gaussian Mixture Models and compute an optimal seam using Graphcut. Op-tionally, Photosketcher lets users blend the composite image in the gradient domain to further reduce visible seams. We demonstrate that the resulting system allows interactive generation of complex images. 1
Epstein-Barr Virus Episome Stability Is Coupled to a Delay in Replication Timing (2008)

The temporal regulation of DNA replication is thought to be important for chromosome organization and genome stability. We show here that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes replicate in mid- to late S phase and that agents that accelerate replication timing of EBV reduce viral genome stability. Hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, which is known to eliminate EBV episomes, shifted EBV replication to earlier times in the cell cycle. HU treatment correlated with hyperacetylation of histone H3 and loss of telomere repeat factor 2 (TRF2) binding at the EBV origin of plasmid replication (OriP). Deletion of TRF2 binding sites within OriP or short hairpin RNA depletion of TRF2 advanced the replication timing of OriP-containing plasmids. Inhibitors of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) increased histone acetylation at OriP, advanced the replication timing of EBV, and reduced EBV genome copy number. We also show that HDAC1 and -2 form a stable complex with TRF2 at OriP and that HU treatment inhibits HDAC activity. We propose that the TRF2-HDAC complex enhances EBV episome stability by providing a checkpoint that delays replication initiation at OriP.
A Special use to the third singular pronoun (1999)

L'emploi spécial du pronom personnel chinois de la 3ème personne du singulier ta se caractérise par le fait que son antécédent peut être animé ou inanimé, au singulier ou au pluriel. Syntaxiquement, l'antécédent est un topic, un sous-topic (un topic dans le GV), l'objet de ba, le sujet de bei ou la tête d'une phrase relative. Sémantiquement, le verbe qui prend un tel objet doit être caractérisé par les traits [télicité], [irrealis] et [agentivité]. Ce pronom ne correspond à aucune des catégories pronominales établies dans la littérature linguistique, mais il constitue un nouveau type : le pronom-D.
Effects of Systemic Treatment with Liarozole on Cutaneous Inflammation, Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation in Extensive Plaque Psoriasis (1998)

Liarozole is a novel inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome P450 which has inhibitory effects on the 4-hydroxylation of retinoic acid. Previous studies have shown that liarozole is effective in the treatment of psoriasis. We performed an immunohistochemical study on the lesional skin from 7 patients with extensive plaque psoriasis, who were treated with systemic liarozole 75 mg BID for a period of at least 2 months. The effects of liarozole treatment on clinical and histological parameters were investigated. In particular, the effect of liarozole on the integrin markers CD11b and CD18 was studied. For immunohistochemistry, three consecutive biopsies were taken: before treatment, after 4, and after 8 weeks of treatment. Clinical scores and side effects were recorded before and during treatment. The medication was well tolerated and only mild side effects were reported, which were comparable with hypervitaminosis A. After 2 months of treatment a statistically significant decrease of the extent of body involvement was observed. In the psoriatic plaque, markers for epidermal proliferation and cutaneous inflammation decreased, and markers for epidermal differentiation increased to values comparable to normal skin. The first therapeutic effects in the psoriatic plaque occurred after 4 weeks of treatment, and consisted of a decreased induration, accompanied by a decrease of the total number of inflammatory infiltrate cells and a decreased epidermal ICAM-1 expression. Already after 4 weeks of treatment, a decrease of CD11b-positive cells was observed. Subsequently, after 8 weeks of treatment recruitment of cycling epidermal cells and the number of involucrin-positive cell layers decreased. The present study demonstrates that liarozole treatment of psoriasis results in a reduction of aspects of cutaneous inflammation and subsequently a reduction of epidermal proliferation and promotion of differentiation. After 4 weeks of treatment, effects are observed on the epidermal ICAM-1 expression and on the CD11b-positive cell population.
Biosynthesis of cercosporin. (1975)

Cercosporin, a deep purple pigment, was first isolated by Kuyama et al.1) in 1957 as a metabolite of Cercospora kikuchii [Matsu moto et Tomoyasu] Gardner, a pathogenic fungus of purple speck of japanese soybean. The chemical structure was elucidated by Lousberg et al.2) and Yamazaki,3) one of the present authors, quite independently as shown in 1 of Fig. 1. It was found to be a novel photodynamic pigment which reveals its photosensitizing effect on many organisms, such as
Cytomegalovirus early and late membrane antigens detected by antibodies in human convalescent sera (1985)

Using indirect immunofluorescence and a panel of human convalescent-phase sera, we identified cytomegalovirus (CMV) early and late membrane antigens (CMV-EMA and CMV-LMA, respectively) as separate entities on the surfaces of viable CMV-infected fibroblasts starting at 6 to 12 and 36 to 48 h postinoculation, respectively. For expression of CMV-EMA and CMV-LMA, infectious virus and active protein synthesis were required, whereas the expression of CMV-LMA, in addition, required viral DNA synthesis. Our data suggest that CMV-EMA and CMV-LMA form an individual set of CMV antigens that are different from intracellular CMV antigens and possibly (partly) different from the viral envelope.
A brief history of high-power semiconductor lasers (2000)

The following is a historical perspective of the significant technological demonstrations that shaped the history of high power semiconductor lasers. The article is not meant to be a review article, as there are much better review articles and reviewers available, nor would the article try to cover all of the contributions to such a rich technology. Nonetheless, the article, anecdotally, presents a perspective on the technological advances that resulted in the enabling technology of high power semiconductor lasers for applications such as fiber optic communications, data storage, and material processing.
Recursive high-resolution reconstruction of blurred multiframe images (1993)

An approach to obtaining high-resolution image reconstruction from low-resolution, blurred, and noisy multiple-input frames is presented. A recursive-least-squares approach with iterative regularization is developed in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain. When the input frames are processed recursively, the reconstruction does not converge in general due to the measurement noise and ill-conditioned nature of the deblurring. Through the iterative update of the regularization function and the proper choice of the regularization parameter, good high-resolution reconstructions of low-resolution, blurred, and noisy input frames are obtained. The proposed algorithm minimizes the computational requirements and provides a parallel computation structure since the reconstruction is done independently for each DFT element. Computer simulations demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
Relations of Serum Phosphorus and Calcium Levels to the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the Community (2007)

Higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with an increased CVD risk in individuals free of CKD and CVD in the community. These observations emphasize the need for additional research to elucidate the potential link between phosphorus homeostasis and vascular risk.
An approach to modeling web service QoS and provision price (2004)

As the exceptional potential of Web services for unleashing the full power of Web-accessible service content and application-to-application integration in business-critical contexts is becoming increasingly evident, management information is mainly modelled in high-level specifications on top of the basic protocol stack. After reviewing relevant work, we present a simple approach to model certain Web service management attributes such as QoS and provision price, and discuss how this information can be accommodated within basic specification standards such as WSDL and exploited within the Web service deployment and application life-cycle.