gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Burn Wounds: Selection and Preservation of Skin, Natural Products, Blood, and Blood Products for Burn Therapy (1976)

Skin allografts and xenografts are routinely used as dressings to control infection, pain and fluid loss from the burn wound. The procedure for preparing and storing grafts will be reviewed and suggested indications for use will be considered. A method for preparing porcine xenograft will be discussed in some detail. Skin banking by low temperature preservation including conditions and processing necessary for obtaining viable grafts will be discussed. The use of tissue typing matching procedures for obtaining prolonged survival will be considered. Possible harmful effects of grafts will be reviewed. The use of blood and blood products for resuscitation of burn patients is of primary importance in burn patients. The literature will be reviewed concerning a variety of blood and blood products including a consideration of washed cells, single donoplasma, serum albumin and purified blood components for treatment of burned patients. The use and indications for hyper-immune serum and gammu-globulin will be considered. Coagulopathy syndromes, burn wound sepsis, and support of immunologically deficient patients will be discussed on the basis of current literature.
Fabrication of SiGe-On-Insulator by Improved Ge Condensation Technique (2006)

Silicon germanium on insulator (SGOI) is a straightforward material for ultimate device scaling. This substrate combines two advantages: high carrier's velocity of the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 - x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x </sub> alloy and low parasitic capacitance due to the presence of a buried oxide. Several fabrication techniques for SGOI substrates, as SMOX, SMART-CUTtrade or liquid phase epitaxy have been proposed. Tezuka et al. present a new approach involving an epitaxial growth of low Ge contents SiGe alloy on SOI substrate followed by a high temperature oxidation. By selective oxidation of Silicon and diffusion of Germanium within the remaining SGOI layer, Ge content increases. A high Ge concentration SGOI layer is then obtained. Ge condensation technique is based on two competitive mechanisms: silicon oxidation involving Ge pill up at the oxide interface and Ge diffusion within the SiGe layer. Both take place during the high temperature oxidation. To favour Ge diffusion and carry out homogeneous SGOI profiles, we propose an improved Ge condensation technique with a multi-steps oxidation. Samples have been characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X ray reflection (XRR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and secondary ions mass spectroscopy (SIMS), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) to assess the process quality for uniform SGOI fabrication with different Ge contents. Relaxation of SGOI layers has been observed either by atomic force microscopy or Raman spectroscopy. Influence of oxidation time has been studied and well defined oxidation recipes are proposed to obtain different Ge content SGOI substrates. Numerical simulations including the initial parameters, i.e., top SOI thickness, SiGe grown layer thickness and compositions have been studied by Athena software
Role of CRMP‐2 in neuronal polarity (2003)

Of the several types of polarized cells, the neuron is one of the most dramatic examples. It extends two distinctive processes, axon and dendrite. Polarization in neurons enables the two processes to play their functionally different roles, sending and receiving electrical signals in a vectorial fashion. While a catalog of structural, molecular, and functional differences between axon and dendrite is accumulating, the mechanisms involved in establishment of neuronal polarity are not well understood. Neuronal polarity formation begins with the elongation of one process as an axon in a symmetric cell phase. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of several cellular events in the early development of axon and dendrite. We also discuss the involvement of the Rho family small GTPases, their upstream and downstream molecules, and collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) in the regulation of neuronal polarity.
Effects of 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic Acid (DMPS) on Tissue and Urine Mercury Levels following Prolonged Methylmercury Exposure in Rats (2001)

Methylmercury, a potent neurotoxicant, accumulates in the brain as well as the kidney during chronic exposure. We evaluated the capacity of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS), a tissue-permeable metal chelator, to reduce brain, kidney, and blood Hg levels and to promote Hg elimination in urine following exposure of F-344 rats to methylmercury hydroxide (MMH) (10 ppm) in drinking water for up to 9 weeks. Inorganic (Hg2+) and organic (CH3Hg+) mercury species in urine and tissues were assayed by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS). Following MMH treatment for 9 weeks, Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ concentrations were 0.28 and 4.80 microg/g in the brain and 51.5 and 42.2 microg/g in the kidney, respectively. Twenty-four hours after ip administration of a single DMPS injection (100 mg/kg), kidney Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ declined 38% and 59%, whereas brain mercury levels were slightly increased, attributable entirely to the CH3Hg+ fraction. Concomitantly, Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ in urine increased by 7.2- and 28.3-fold, respectively, compared with prechelation values. A higher dose of DMPS (200 mg/kg) was no more effective than 100 mg/kg in promoting mercury excretion. In contrast, consecutive DMPS injections (100 mg/kg) given at 72-h intervals significantly decreased total mercury concentrations in kidney, brain, and blood. However, the decrease in brain and blood mercury content was restricted entirely to the CH3Hg+ fraction, consistent with the slow dealkylation rate of MMH in these tissues. Mass balance calculations showed that the total amount of mercury excreted in the urine following successive DMPS injections corresponds quantitatively to the total amount of mercury removed from the kidney, brain, and blood of MMH-exposed rats. These findings confirm the efficacy of consecutive DMPS treatments in decreasing mercury concentrations in target tissue and in reducing overall mercury body burden. They demonstrate further that the capacity of DMPS to deplete tissue Hg2+ is highly tissue-specific and reflects the relative capacity of the tissue for methylmercury dealkylation. In light of this observation, the inability of DMPS to reduce Hg2+ levels in brain or blood may explain the inefficacy of DMPS and similar chelating agents in the remediation of neurotoxicity associated with prolonged MMH exposure.
Characteristics and comparisons of functional assessment indices (1993)

The Model Systems assessed the functional level of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the Disability Rating Scale, the Functional Independence Measure, and the Functional Assessment Measure at admission and discharge from acute inpatient rehabilitation. In this article, the reliability, validity, and other characteristics of the three scales are reviewed. Data were available on six indices of severity of injury, ie, Glasgow Coma Score (rated within 24 hours of injury), days in coma, days in posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), Revised Trauma Score, computed tomography pathology, and the Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale. (LCFS or “Rancho Scale” rated at rehabilitation admission). Strong correlations between the functional measures and length of coma, length of PTA and LCFS were demonstrated. Findings provided further evidence for the validity of the scales.
[Medical demography: the portrait of pathologic anatomy and cytology]. (2001)

Assessment of care supply in terms of medical labor force is difficult because of the disparity of available data. Using the medical specialty of pathology as an example, we present for the first time a demographic analysis based on the confrontation of main data sources. This study underlines some of the structural and dynamic problems which threaten the demographic stability of the specialty. The public service suffers from a lack of practitioners, especially in regional hospitals. Whereas one third of French pathologists work in the larger hospitals around Paris, in some other regions private services constitute the main component of the supply. Projections based on the aging phenomenon and a reduction in entry indicate a future problem in the renewal of generations of pathologists. The consequences of this programmed decrease in the number of French pathologists will be further exacerbated by the movement of the sex ratio in favor of women.
Dynamic Stall Control by Periodic Excitation, Part 1: NACA 0015 Parametric Study (2001)

A parametric study was undertaken to investigate the effect of periodic excitation (with zero net mass e ux ) on a NACA0015airfoilundergoingpitchoscillationsatrotorcraftreducedfrequenciesunderincompressibleconditions. Theprimaryobjectiveofthestudywastomaximizeairfoilperformancewhilelimitingmomentexcursionstotypical prestalled conditions. The incidence angle excursions were limited to § 5 deg, and a wide range of reduced excitation frequencies and amplitudes were considered for 0 :33 10 6 < ‐ Re <‐ 0:93 10 6 with various e ap dee ections and excitation locations. Signie cant increases in maximum lift and reductions in drag were attained while containing themomentexcursions. Oscillatoryexcitation wasfoundto befarsuperiortosteadyblowing,which wasevendetrimental under certain conditions, and e ap-shoulder excitation was found to be superior to leading-edge excitation.
Programmed induction of endoreduplication by DNA double-strand breaks in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2011)

Genome integrity is continuously threatened by external stresses and endogenous hazards such as DNA replication errors and reactive oxygen species. The DNA damage checkpoint in metazoans ensures genome integrity by delaying cell-cycle progression to repair damaged DNA or by inducing apoptosis. ATM and ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and -Rad3-related) are sensor kinases that relay the damage signal to transducer kinases Chk1 and Chk2 and to downstream cell-cycle regulators. Plants also possess ATM and ATR orthologs but lack obvious counterparts of downstream regulators. Instead, the plant-specific transcription factor SOG1 (suppressor of gamma response 1) plays a central role in the transmission of signals from both ATM and ATR kinases. Here we show that in Arabidopsis, endoreduplication is induced by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but not directly by DNA replication stress. When root or sepal cells, or undifferentiated suspension cells, were treated with DSB inducers, they displayed increased cell size and DNA ploidy. We found that the ATM-SOG1 and ATR-SOG1 pathways both transmit DSB-derived signals and that either one suffices for endocycle induction. These signaling pathways govern the expression of distinct sets of cell-cycle regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinases and their suppressors. Our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis undergoes a programmed endoreduplicative response to DSBs, suggesting that plants have evolved a distinct strategy to sustain growth under genotoxic stress.
Voltage sag analysis on three phase systems using wavelet transform and probabilistic neural network (2004)

The ever growing diffusion of susceptible loads in power system result in increasing susceptibility to power quality problems. For this reason power quality data are recorded by utilities with the aim of identifying the origins of these disturbances in order to improve the reliability of the electrical system and thus to reduce their impact on customers. In this paper a classification algorithm for automatic analysis of recorded power quality event data is presented. The approach is based on wavelet analysis and a probabilistic neural network classificator. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to detect fast changes in the voltage signals. It is possible to detect carefully the starting and the recovery times of the disturbance and other features, such as the start slew rate and intermediate rate voltage and the number of phases involved for each fault event. These features are the input patterns of the second step of the classification algorithm based on a probabilistic neural network (PNN) in order to classify voltage sag events into four classes (network faults, motor starting, motor re-acceleration after fault, transformer energising).
Membrane Science and Technology : Industrial, Biological, and Waste Treatment Processes (1970)

The Use of Membrane Diffusion as a Tool for Separating and Characterizing Naturally Occurring Polymers.- Anomalous Transport of Penetrants in Polymeric Membranes.- Application and Theory of Membrane Processes for Biological and Other Macromolecular Solutions.- Solute Polarization and Cake Formation in Membrane Ultrafiltration: Causes, Consequences, and Control Techniques.- Enzyme Processing Using Ultrafiltration Membranes.- A Consideration of the Parameters Governing Membrane Filtration - Particularly of Proteinaceous Solutions.- Separation of Blood Serum Proteins by Ultrafiltration.- Production of Acidic Salt With Substitution Reaction by Means of Ion-Exchange Membrane Electrodialysis.- Hydrometallurgical Separations by Solvent Membranes.- Low-Pressure Ultrafiltration Systems for Wastewater Contaminant Removal.- Industrial Waste Treatment Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration.- Ultrafiltration Water Treatment.- Reverse Osmosis: Application to Potato-Starch Factory Waste Effluents.
Variation of intraocular pressure in patients with leprosy. (2008)

The level of IOP is lower in leprosy patients than in the healthy controls. Age, gender, bacillary index and presence of ocular complications due to leprosy are not independently associated with the decrease in IOP. The untreated leprosy patient tends to have a lower IOP. This finding can be used to monitor effectiveness of treatment of leprosy.
Metallkatalysatoren in der Herstellung von Polyäthylenterephthalat. 2. Ermittlung von Parametern zur Beschreibung der katalytischen Aktivität von Metallverbindungen in Polykondensationsreaktionen (1978)

Abstract Mit Hilfe einer neu entwickelen mikroanalytischen Untersuchungsmethode ist es möglich, Voraussagen zum Verlauf der metallkatalysierten Polykondensation von Bis‐2‐hydroxyäthylterephthalat (BHET) in bezug auf den eingesetzten Katalysator zu machen. Das verwendete Meßprinzip beruht auf der differentiellen Mikrokalorimetrie. Der Meßplatz wurde so gestaltet, daß die Meßbedingungen weitgehend den technischen Verhältnissen entsprechen. Aus dem Wärmeleistungs‐Zeit‐Verhalten, welches in Form von Reaktionsprofilen dargestellt wird, lassen sich Paramter T max ermitteln, die die katalytische Aktivität der jeweils eingesetzten Metallverbindung beschreiben.
Micromachining with a 50 W, 50 μJ, subpicosecond fiber laser system (2006)

A 50 W sub-picosecond fiber chirped pulse amplification system generating 50 muJ pulses at a repetition rate of 1 MHz is demonstrated. As required for precision high speed micro-machining, this system has a practical system configuration enabled by the fiber stretcher and 1780 l/mm dielectric diffraction grating compressor and is capable of ablation rates >0.17 mm3/s metal, ceramic, and glass.
Minimal cross-sensitivity to humidity during ethanol detection by SnO<sub>2</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub>solid solutions (2009)

A nanocomposite material is presented that optimally combines the excellent gas sensitivity of SnO2 and the selectivity of TiO2. Nanostructured, rutile titanium-tin oxide solid solutions up to 81.5% Ti, as determined by x-ray diffraction, are made by scalable spray combustion (flame spray pyrolysis) of organometallic precursor solutions, directly deposited and in situ annealed onto sensing electrodes in one step. Above that content, segregation of anatase TiO2 takes place. It was discovered that at low titanium contents (less than 5 Ti%), these materials exhibit higher sensitivity to ethanol vapor than pure SnO2 and, in particular, limited cross-sensitivity to relative humidity, a long standing challenge for metal oxide gas sensors. These solid solutions are aggregated nanoparticles with an enhanced presence of Ti on their surface as indicated by Raman and IR-spectroscopy. The presence of such low Ti-content in the SnO2 lattice drastically reduces the band gap of these solid solutions, as determined by UV-vis absorption, almost to that of pure TiO2. Furthermore, titania reduces the number of rooted and terminal OH species (that are correlated to the cross-sensitivity of tin oxide to water) on the particle surface as determined by IR-spectroscopy. The present material represents a new class of sensors where detection of gases and organic vapors can be accomplished without pre-treatment of the gas mixture, avoiding other semiconducting components that require more heating power and that add bulkiness to a sensing device. This is attractive in developing miniaturized sensors especially for microelectronics and medical diagnostics.
Pulsed power for the Electra KrF laser (2003)

Electra is a rep-rate krypton fluoride (KrF) laser that will be used to develop the technology required for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant. Electra will use the same type of architecture as the Nike 60 cm amplifier, e.g. double-sided electron beam pumping of the laser gas, but it will run at 5 Hz and use technologies that can meet the IFE requirements for efficiency, durability, and cost. The size of Electra was chosen to be small enough to be manageable, yet large enough to confidently scale the developed technologies to a power plant-size system. We will build two 5 Hz pulsed power systems for Electra. The first system is based on existing technology. It will be built in the first year of the program and will allow us to start development of the laser components early in the second year. The second system will use advanced components. It will take 3-4 years to build, and will develop the technologies that can meet the IFE requirements. It will be installed on Electra for an integrated test.
Surrogate Locally-Interpretable Models with Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms (2020)

Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms, such as Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Neural Networks, have become popular in recent years due to their superior predictive performance over traditional statistical methods. However, their complexity makes the results hard to interpret without additional tools. There has been a lot of recent work in developing global and local diagnostics for interpreting SML models. In this paper, we propose a locally-interpretable model that takes the fitted ML response surface, partitions the predictor space using model-based regression trees, and fits interpretable main-effects models at each of the nodes. We adapt the algorithm to be efficient in dealing with high-dimensional predictors. While the main focus is on interpretability, the resulting surrogate model also has reasonably good predictive performance.
Transfer of the HIV-1 cyclophilin-binding site to simian immunodeficiency virus from <i>Macaca mulatta</i> can confer both cyclosporin sensitivity and cyclosporin dependence (1997)

HIV-1 specifically incorporates the peptidyl prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CyPA), the cytosolic receptor for the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA). HIV-1 replication is inhibited by CsA as well as by nonimmunosuppressive CsA analogues that bind to CyPA and interfere with its virion association. In contrast, the related simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac, which does not interact with CyPA, is resistant to these compounds. The incorporation of CyPA into HIV-1 virions is mediated by a specific interaction between the active site of the enzyme and the capsid (CA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein. We report here that the transfer of HIV-1 CA residues 86-93, which form part of an exposed loop, to the corresponding position in SIVmac resulted in the efficient incorporation of CyPA and conferred an HIV-1-like sensitivity to a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin. HIV-1 CA residues 86-90 were also sufficient to transfer the ability to efficiently incorporate CyPA, provided that the length of the CyPA-binding loop was preserved. However, the resulting SIVmac mutant required the presence of cyclosporin for efficient virus replication. The results indicate that the presence or absence of a type II tight turn adjacent to the primary CyPA-binding site determines whether CyPA incorporation enhances or inhibits viral replication. By demonstrating that CyPA-binding-site residues can induce cyclosporin sensitivity in a heterologous context, this study provides direct in vivo evidence that the exposed loop between helices IV and V of HIV-1 CA not merely constitutes a docking site for CyPA but is a functional target of this cellular protein.
The Disruption Principle (2007)

Abstract This chapter presents the disruption principle, which links mechanisms, identified with causal structure as explained in the previous chapter, to the probabilistic concept of causal relevance. The disruption principle is illustrated by a case study from HIV research, and the motivation for accepting it and possible situations in which it can fail are explored.
ON THE PROBABLE ERROR OF A COEFFICIENT OF CONTINGENCY WITHOUT APPROXIMATION (1916)

ON THE PROBABLE ERROR OF A COEFFICIENT OF CONTINGENCY WITHOUT APPROXIMATION Get access ANDREW W. YOUNG, M.A., ANDREW W. YOUNG, M.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KARL PEARSON, F.R.S. KARL PEARSON, F.R.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 11, Issue 3, May 1916, Pages 215–230, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/11.3.215 Published: 01 May 1916
ARSENIC CRISIS SPURS SCIENTISTS (1999)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTARSENIC CRISIS SPURS SCIENTISTSBangladesh-born U.S. scientists press hard for policy influence in the arsenic contamination crisis in their native countryWIL LEPKOWSKIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1999, 77, 20, 45–49Publication Date (Print):May 17, 1999Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 17 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v077n020.p045https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n020.p045newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts