gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LY2801653 is an orally bioavailable multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against MET, MST1R, and other oncoproteins, and displays anti-tumor activities in mouse xenograft models (2012)

The HGF/MET signaling pathway regulates a wide variety of normal cellular functions that can be subverted to support neoplasia, including cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, scattering and motility, invasion, and angiogenesis. MET over-expression (with or without gene amplification), aberrant autocrine or paracrine ligand production, and missense MET mutations are mechanisms that lead to activation of the MET pathway in tumors and are associated with poor prognostic outcome. We report here preclinical development of a potent, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor LY2801653 targeting MET kinase. LY2801653 is a type-II ATP competitive, slow-off inhibitor of MET tyrosine kinase with a dissociation constant (Ki) of 2 nM, a pharmacodynamic residence time (Koff) of 0.00132 min(-1) and t1/2 of 525 min. LY2801653 demonstrated in vitro effects on MET pathway-dependent cell scattering and cell proliferation; in vivo anti-tumor effects in MET amplified (MKN45), MET autocrine (U-87MG, and KP4) and MET over-expressed (H441) xenograft models; and in vivo vessel normalization effects. LY2801653 also maintained potency against 13 MET variants, each bearing a single-point mutation. In subsequent nonclinical characterization, LY2801653 was found to have potent activity against several other receptor tyrosine oncokinases including MST1R, FLT3, AXL, MERTK, TEK, ROS1, DDR1/2 and against the serine/threonine kinases MKNK1/2. The potential value of MET and other inhibited targets within a number of malignancies (such as colon, bile ducts, and lung) is discussed. LY2801653 is currently in phase 1 clinical testing in patients with advanced cancer (trial I3O-MC-JSBA, NCT01285037).
DETECTION OF BRUISES ON APPLES USING NEARINFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING (2003)

Development of an automated bruise detection system will help the fruit industry to provide better fruit for theconsumer and reduce potential economic losses. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential ofnearinfrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging for detecting bruises on apples in the spectral region between 900 nm and1700 nm. An NIR hyperspectral imaging system was developed and a computer algorithm was created to detect both new andold bruises on apples. Experiments were conducted to acquire hyperspectral images from Red Delicious and Golden Deliciousapples over a period of 47 days after bruising. Results showed that the spectral region between 1000 nm and 1340 nm wasmost appropriate for bruise detection. Bruise features changed over time from lower reflectance to higher reflectance, andthe rate of the change varied with fruit and variety. Using both principal component and minimum noise fraction transforms,the system was able to detect both new and old bruises, with a correct detection rate from 62% to 88% for Red Delicious andfrom 59% to 94% for Golden Delicious. The optimal spectral resolution for bruise detection was between 8.6 nm and 17.3 nm,with the corresponding number of spectral bands between 40 and 20. This research shows that NIR hyperspectral imagingis useful for detecting apple bruises. With improvement in image acquisition speed and detector technology, the NIRhyperspectral imaging technique will have the potential for offline inspection and online sorting of fruit for defects.
An Animal Model of Mycobacterium avium Complex Disseminated Infection after Colonization of the Intestinal Tract (1992)

Mycobacterium avium complex infections occur in 30%-80% of patients with AIDS. Recent evidence supports the gastrointestinal tract as the source of M. avium. Although a reproducible animal model exists, a model more closely resembling the infection in AIDS patients is needed to answer pertinent questions regarding response to therapy and prophylaxis. Beige mice were infected orally (1 x 10(8) or 1 x 10(4) cfu, five doses), and consistent, reproducible disseminated infections after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, were obtained. Bacteremia was observed in none to 70% of the animals depending on the strain used, and mortality ranged from none to 33%, also depending on the strain used. Concomitant ingestion of ethanol (4% of daily dietary calories) was associated with a significant increase in the number of viable bacteria recovered from liver, spleen, and appendix compared with animals not receiving ethanol. The orally infected animal model closely resembles M. avium infection in humans and may be important in investigating prophylaxis and therapy of this infection.
Styrene and Metastyrene (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStyrene and MetastyreneSamuel NatelsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 12, 1391–1395Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50288a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50288a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Concurrent Digital Adaptive Decision Feedback Equalizer for 10GBase-LX4 Ethernet System (2007)

An all digital 3.5 Gbps blind adaptive decision feedback equalizer (ADFE) is designed for 10GBase-LX4 IEEE 802.3 ae standard. It uses 5 parallel equalization blocks each with 6 taps and 4 taps for each feed-forward equalizer (FFE) and feed-back equalizer (FBE). This concurrent ADFE has core area of 0.864times0.864 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with operation up to 3.5 Gbps using 1.2-V supply in a 0.13 um CMOS process. It dissipates 94 mW when working at 3.125 Gbps.
Modeling the intrinsic inductance of embedded capacitors (2003)

Embedded capacitors are used in digital as well as RF devices. This paper shows that, in modeling such capacitors in the gigahertz frequency range, it is necessary to consider the inductances associated with the internal magnetic field distributions. Analytical formulas for the inductances in a two-terminal, circular, embedded capacitor are derived. The impedance from the capacitor model with the derived inductances is compared to that from a full wave field solver, and a very good agreement is observed up to a few GHz.
Biochemical Characterization of Rice Glutelin (1985)

The two major subunits of rice glutelin, the acidic (alpha) and basic (beta) polypeptides were purified by chromatofocusing and cation exchange chromatography, respectively. The molecular weight range of the alpha polypeptides was 28.5 to 30.8 kilodaltons and the molecular weight range of the beta polypeptides was 20.6 to 21.6 kilodaltons. Electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels showed that the isoelectric points of the alpha and beta polypeptides were 6.5 to 7.5 and 9.4 to 10.3, respectively. At least 12 polypeptides of the alpha-group and nine polypeptides of the beta-group could be separated by electrofocusing. The amino acid compositions of whole glutelin, and the purified alpha and beta subunits were analyzed. The alpha subunit contained more glutamic acid/glutamine, serine, and glycine, and less alanine, lysine, aspartic acid/asparagine, and isoleucine than the beta subunit. A comparison of the amino acid composition of rice glutelin subunits with those of the 11S proteins from eight other plant species indicated that there is more similarity between the beta subunits than the alpha subunits of several diverse plant species.
Central Queensland: Are Managed Forests Fauna Friendly? (2008)

In reaction to what she saw as general misconceptions about the threat posed by native forest management, the author was motivated to undertake an ecological study of her own property in association with Central Queensland University. She is assessing long term management effects on vegetation structure and composition, and investigating the implications for folivores, nectarivores, and some ground layer invertebrates, such as ants.
Kainate-induced status epilepticus alters glutamate and GABAA receptor gene expression in adult rat hippocampus: an in situ hybridization study (1994)

In adult rats, intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid, a glutamic acid analog and potent neurotoxin, induces persistent seizure activity that results in electrographic alterations and neuropathology that closely resemble human temporal lobe epilepsy. We used in situ hybridization to identify regions of altered glutamate and GABAA receptor gene expression following kainate-induced status epilepticus. In the CA3/CA4 area, the hippocampal region most vulnerable to neurodegeneration after kainate acid treatment, expression of GluR2 (the AMPA/kainate receptor subunit that limits Ca2+ permeability) and GluR3 was decreased markedly at 12 and 24 hr, times preceding neurodegeneration. These findings raise the possibility that increased formation of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors in the CA3/CA4 area may enhance glutamate pathogenicity. Expression of the GABAA alpha 1, subunit was also reduced, indicating a possible decrease in inhibitory transmission, which would also enhance excitotoxicity. GluR1 and NR1 expression was not significantly changed. In the dentate gyrus, a region resistant to neurodegeneration, concomitant increases in GluR2 and GluR3 expression were observed; GluR1, NR1, and GABAA alpha 1 mRNAs were not detectably altered. Analysis of emulsion-dipped sections revealed that the changes in GluR2, GluR3, and GABAA alpha 1 expression represented changes in mRNA content per neuron and were specific to pyramidal cells of the CA3/CA4 area and to granule cells of the dentate gyrus. These findings indicate that kainate seizures modify hippocampal glutamate and GABAA receptor expression in a cell-specific manner. Timing of the changes in glutamate and GABAA receptor mRNAs indicates that these changes may play a causal role in hippocampal neuronal cell loss following kainate-induced seizures.
Five New Variable Stars in the Field of the Old Nova RS Car (2009)

Abstract: Five new eclipsing binary stars (2MASS J11080308-6145589, 2MASS J11080447-6143290, 2MASS J11080559-6147079, 2MASS J11083782-6146288 and 2MASS J11085087-6143349) have been identified in the field of the 1895 nova RS Car. The phase plots indicate that all five stars are eclipsing binary stars of the EA subtype. The primary aim of this feasibility study was to devise a rapid system to identify previously uncatalogued eclipsing binary type variable stars. Candidate variable stars in the publicly available data of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project (Udalski et al., 1997) were identified by data mining the OGLE-II I-band DIA photometry galactic disk database for entries in the chosen field that matched the following criteria: a minimum of 200 detections, a mean I-band magnitude between 8 and 17 and a standard deviation of I-band magnitude between 0.02 and 0.4. The OGLE database contained over 1010 measurements of more than 40 million objects in the OGLE-II fields so it was important to use a range of selection criteria that would facilitate the identification of eclipsing binary stars without requiring human scrutiny of very large numbers of light curves. It was not the intention at this stage to publish details of every uncatalogued variable star discovered in the OGLE database and for this reason results for just five discoveries are presented from a small region of Carina. The identification and classification of eclipsing binary stars required time-resolved photometry and examination of the resultant light curve. The OGLE photometry was examined using the SQL interface (Szymański, 2005) available from the OGLE website
Spectral signatures of particulate minerals in the visible and near infrared (1977)

Abstract The utility of multispectral remote sensing techniques for discriminating among materials is based on the differences that exist among their spectral properties. As distinct from spectral variations that occur as a consequence of target condition and environmental factors, intrinsic spectral features that appear in the form of bands and slopes in the visible and near infrared (.325 to 2.5 mu m) bidirectional reflection spectra of minerals (and, consequently, rocks) are caused by a variety of electronic and vibrational processes. These processes, such as crystal field effects, charge-transfer, color centers, transitions to the conduction band, and overtone and combination tone vibrational transitions are discussed and illustrated with reference to specific minerals.Spectral data collected from a large selection of minerals are used to generate a 'spectral signature' diagram that summarizes the optimum intrinsic information available from the spectra of particulate minerals. The diagram provides a ready reference for the interpretation of visible and near infrared features that typically appear in remotely sensed data.In the visible-near infrared region, the most commonly observed features in naturally occurring materials are due to the presence of iron in some form or other, or to the presence of water or OH groups.
Room temperature nanocrystalline silicon single-electron transistors (2003)

Single-electron transistors operating at room temperature have been fabricated in 20-nm-thick nanocrystalline silicon thin films. These films contain crystalline silicon grains 4 – 8 nm in size, embedded in an amorphous silicon matrix. Our single-electron transistor consists of a side-gated 20 nm×20 nm point contact between source and drain electrodes. By selectively oxidizing the grain boundaries using a low-temperature oxidation and high-temperature argon annealing process, we are able to engineer tunnel barriers and increase the potential energy of these barriers. This forms a “natural” system of tunnel barriers consisting of silicon oxide tissues that encapsulate sub-10 nm size grains, which are small enough to observe room-temperature single-electron charging effects. The device characteristics are dominated by the grains at the point contact. The material growth and device fabrication process are compatible with silicon technology, raising the possibility of large-scale integrated nanoelectronic systems.
Dynamic Analysis to Evaluate Viscoelastic Passive Damping Augmentation for the Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (1992)

This paper presents a NASTRAN finite element analysis for evaluation of the effectiveness of viscoelastic damping treatments as passive controls for large flexible space manipulators. The passive damping could be used alone or as an augmentation to active control. Perhaps the best existing example of a practical flexible manipulator is the space shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The authors use the RMS as an example for this investigation, subjecting it to a detailed dynamic analysis which can be used to evaluate the critical modes for control and to distinguish the modes which are good candidates for active control from those which are well suited for passive control. Modal potential energy analysis (MPE) is used to examine the modal energy distribution in each structural member of the complex flexible chained system. The results indicate that the most dominant contributors to end-point oscillations fall into two categories. These include very low frequency modes due to joint flexibility and higher frequency modes due to bending in the booms. Significant end-point motions result from each category, but the most significant motions are associated with joint flexibility. Finally, a finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of constrained viscoelastic layer damping treatments for passive vibration control. Passive damping augmentation is introduced through the use of a constrained viscoelastic layer damping treatment applied to the surface of the manipulator’s flexible booms. It is shown that even the joint compliance dominated modes can be damped to some degree through appropriate design of the treatment.
Studies on Search of New Antimicrobial Active Compounds for Food Preservation (1966)

Carbonyl compounds, i. e. ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, malonic acid derivatives, cyclic carbonyl compounds and aromatic carbonyl compounds were synthesized and their antimicrobial action were examined. p-Hydroxybenzophenone was effective at concentrations of 1/4000-1/8000, and it was found that the compound has low toxicity. But the antimicrobial action was blocked by protein and therefore it was considered that the compound is not of practical use.
RAFT Inverse Miniemulsion Polymerization of Acrylamide (2007)

Abstract RAFT inverse miniemulsion polymerization is demonstrated for the first time as an alternate way to synthesize hydrophilic polymer latexes. The kinetic behavior of inverse RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of acrylamide is similar to that observed in aqueous RAFT solution polymerization. A water‐soluble initiator provides better control than a lipophilic initiator in inverse RAFT miniemulsion polymerization under the conditions used here. magnified image
The association between copy number aberration, DNA methylation and gene expression in tumor samples (2018)

We systematically studied the association between somatic copy number aberration (SCNA), DNA methylation and gene expression using -omic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) on six cancer types: breast cancer, colon cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, lower-grade glioma and prostate cancer. A major challenge for such integrated study is that the association between DNA methylation and gene expression is severely confounded by tumor purity and cell type composition, which are often unobserved and difficult to estimate. To overcome this challenge, we developed a method to remove confounding effects by calculating the principal components that span the space of the latent factors. Another intriguing findings of our study is that there could be both positive and negative associations between SCNA and DNA methylation, while the CpGs with negative/positive associations with SCNA are often located around CpG islands/ocean, respectively. A joint study of SCNA, DNA methylation, and gene expression suggest that SCNA often affect DNA methylation and gene expression independently.
Tool support for testing complex multi-touch gestures (2010)

Though many tabletop applications allow users to interact with the application using complex multi-touch gestures, automated tool support for testing such gestures is limited. As a result, gesture-based interactions with an application are often tested manually, which is an expensive and error prone process. In this paper, we present TouchToolkit, a tool designed to help developers automate their testing of gestures by incorporating recorded gestures into unit tests. The design of TouchToolkit was informed by a small interview study conducted to explore the challenges software developers face when debugging and testing tabletop applications. We have also conducted a preliminary evaluation of the tool with encouraging results.
Myocardial Revascularization by CO<sub>2</sub> Laser (1987)

An original method of myocardial revascularization using CO2 laser has been studied in a pig model with acute myocardial infarction. Transparietal channels were created by myocardial vaporization, using a CO2 laser beam. A comparative evaluation was made against a control group using as parameters survival rate, ECG changes, anatomopathologic findings, and angiographic studies. With the exception of favorable changes in the ECG there was no other evidence of improved regional perfusion. No evidence of long-term patency of the transmyocardial channels could be demonstrated by angiographic and histologic studies.
Multi-sensor integration system with fuzzy inference and neural network (2003)

It is shown that a sensor integration system (SIS) with multiple sensors can expand the measurable region of an intelligent robotic system with high accuracy and that operators can use the system as easily as a single high-performance sensor system. The authors present an approach to the SIS using the knowledge database of sensors; the proposed SIS allows for the changing/replacing of sensors. The system consists of four subsystems: sensors performing as hardware sensing devices, knowledge database of sensors (KBS), fuzzy inference, and a neural network (NN). The sensor's measurement value includes a measurement error. This system estimates the measurement error of each sensor using fuzzy inference. Fuzzy rules are developed from the KBS. Measurement values are integrated by the NN. All inferred measurement errors and measurement values are put into the NN. The NN output gives the integrated measurement value of multiple sensors. The proposed system is shown to be effective through a series of experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Entity-Topic Model for Entity Linking (2012)

Entity Linking (EL) has received considerable attention in recent years. Given many name mentions in a document, the goal of EL is to predict their referent entities in a knowledge base. Traditionally, there have been two distinct directions of EL research: one focusing on the effects of mention’s context compatibility, assuming that “the referent entity of a mention is reflected by its context”; the other dealing with the effects of document’s topic coherence, assuming that “a mention’s referent entity should be coherent with the document’s main topics”. In this paper, we propose a generative model – called entitytopic model, to effectively join the above two complementary directions together. By jointly modeling and exploiting the context compatibility, the topic coherence and the correlation between them, our model can accurately link all mentions in a document using both the local information (including the words and the mentions in a document) and the global knowledge (including the topic knowledge, the entity context knowledge and the entity name knowledge). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. 1
Loss of self-tolerance to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (sDNA) in vitro. (1978)

The spleens of many normal and autoimmune-susceptible strains of mice mount a specific, IgM, anti-sDNA plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in vitro in the absence of an exogenous source of antigen. This response was not related solely to levels of xenotropic or ecotropic virus and was generated from a small number of precursor cells capable of binding sDNA. Small numbers of anti-sDNA PFC were also apparent in serum-free medium and the response of low-responder strains could be augmented with pokeweed mitogen. T cells and macrophages were not essential and cell division was required early in culture to obtain a peak response on day 5. These results suggest that autoantigen-sensitive cells may escape normal regulatory mechanisms in vitro and differentiate into clones of autoantibody secreting cells.