gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Comparative lipophilia of trandolapril and other converting enzyme inhibitors]. (1995)

The lipophilicity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) available in France has been compared using two complementary methods. Studies have been performed both on active ACE-I and prodrugs. The first study used reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to measure the n-octanol water partition coefficients. They were measured at 3 pH values (2.5, 4.7 and 7.4). The second study was performed on the basis of computer drawn chemical formula. The lipophilic area to hydrophilic area ratio was calculated from the three dimensional structure of each ACE-I. A calculated n-octanol water partition coefficient was then determined. Whatever the method, a broad range of values was seen. The HPLC n-octanol water partition coefficient ranged from -1.86 (captopril) to 1.02 (trandolaprilate). The lipophilic to hydrophilic ratio ranged from 1.33 (captopril) to 2.74 (trandolaprilate) and the computer determined n-octanol water partition coefficient ranged from -0.36 (perindoprilate) to 0.69 (quinaprilate). A strong correlation (r = 0.97 p = 0.0001) was found between the lipophilic/hydrophilic area ratio and the HPLC partition coefficient. The classification of the ACE-I was very close whatever the mode of determination. The less lipophilic ACE-I are lisinopril and captopril and the most lipophilic are quinalapril and trandolapril. Clinical consequences of such differences remain unknown.
Droplet charging regimes for ultrasonic atomization of a liquid electrolyte in an external electric field (2011)

Distinct regimes of droplet charging, determined by the dominant charge transport process, are identified for an ultrasonic droplet ejector using electrohydrodynamic computational simulations, a fundamental scale analysis, and experimental measurements. The regimes of droplet charging are determined by the relative magnitudes of the dimensionless Strouhal and electric Reynolds numbers, which are a function of the process (pressure forcing), advection, and charge relaxation time scales for charge transport. Optimal (net maximum) droplet charging has been identified to exist for conditions in which the electric Reynolds number is of the order of the inverse Strouhal number, i.e., the charge relaxation time is on the order of the pressure forcing (droplet formation) time scale. The conditions necessary for optimal droplet charging have been identified as a function of the dimensionless Debye number (i.e., liquid conductivity), external electric field (magnitude and duration), and atomization drive signal (frequency and amplitude). The specific regime of droplet charging also determines the functional relationship between droplet charge and charging electric field strength. The commonly expected linear relationship between droplet charge and external electric field strength is only found when either the inverse of the Strouhal number is less than the electric Reynolds number, i.e., the charge relaxation is slower than both the advection and external pressure forcing, or in the electrostatic limit, i.e., when charge relaxation is much faster than all other processes. The analysis provides a basic understanding of the dominant physics of droplet charging with implications to many important applications, such as electrospray mass spectrometry, ink jet printing, and drop-on-demand manufacturing.
Vacuum-assisted silicon-chip multifiber chuck (1977)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. H. Cherin, A. Osborne, and D. M. Petrowski, "Vacuum-assisted silicon-chip multifiber chuck," Appl. Opt. 16, 1464_1-1465 (1977) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Determinants of Stock Price Movement in Nigeria: (Evidence from the Nigerian Stock Exchange) (2014)

Stock prices serve as the basis for the assessment of whether a firm is breaking even or not. These prices are relevant metrics of returns to stakeholders, therefore the value attached to them matters so much to both existing and prospective investors in the capital market. This study thus examined by a means of robust analysis, factors that determine stock price movement in Nigeria for the period 2001 – 2011. Data were sourced from the financial statements of 99 listed firms in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The analysis of the data sourced was done with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results suggest that earnings per share, book value per share and dividend cover serve as factors in the determination of stock prices. The results of the study thus calls for recommendation that the government and policy makers in Nigeria should implement more stringent rules, backed up by legislations that will enhance the information reported in the financial statements of firms listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as well as compelling listed firms to adopt IFRS. Also, the accounting information reported in the capital market should constantly reposition itself in response to changing expectations. This implies that it should be viewed as an open system and in other words, feedback both from within and outside its environment should drive the constant repositioning of accounting information.
Fiber-Optics-Based Fault Detection in Power Systems (2008)

A fiber-optics-based sensing network applicable for fault detection in power system is presented. The proposed scheme is secure and immune from interferences. At each monitoring location, passive rugged fiber-Bragg-grating-based sensors are deployed. They use fast and compact magnetostrictive transducers instead of current or potential transformers to translate current-induced magnetic field into optical signal. These sensors can be compensated for temperature drift and easily be integrated into an optical sensing network. A broadband light source at a substation scans the change in reflected optical power at a unique frequency band that corresponds to the surge in magnetic field associated with an increased fault current at a certain location. A unique feature of this real-time scheme is that it only requires current information for fault detections in both radial and networked systems with various pole structures and line configurations. It can easily coordinate with other protective devices and is free from any time-current coordination curves. The proposed scheme has been extensively tested by simulations. They confirm that the proposed scheme is able to detect the faults irrespective of the type and location. It also performs well in presence of harmonics, high impedance, and sensors malfunctions, as well as sensor noise.
Lung Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Aerosolized Tobramycin (1993)

Aminoglycosides are commonly used in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in association with beta-lactams. Unfortunately, penetration of intravenously administered aminoglycosides into the lung tissue remains low. In animal models, aerosolization of these drugs provides high lung concentrations and low serum levels. Three-hundred milligrams of tobramycin and 1 ml of 99mTc-DTPA were administered via a pneumatic nebulizer to five healthy volunteers and to five mechanically ventilated patients. Lung scintigraphy was then performed, and plasma and urine pharmacokinetics were studied. In a second group of patients undergoing thoracic surgery, 300 mg of tobramycin alone were administered in the same way; a fragment of healthy lung was then removed, and tobramycin was measured. In the first group, the scintigraphy showed radioactivity distribution in the whole lungs both in healthy volunteers and in ventilated patients. Urine samples contained 5.5% of the initial amount of tobramycin. The mean serum half-life of tobramycin was 8.96 h in healthy volunteers and 11.23 h in ventilated patients. In the second group, mean lung tissue concentrations were 5.5 and 3.61 micrograms/g, respectively, 4 and 12 h after nebulization, respectively. Aerosolization of tobramycin thus produced high lung concentrations and low serum levels.
Reaktionen mit Halogenwasserstoffaddukten der Nitrile, VI Synthese von Derivaten der 1.3‐Benzothiazionone‐(4) und des 1.3‐Benzoselenazinons‐(4) (1970)

Abstract 2‐Thiocyanato‐benozylchloride ( 1‐7,15 ) setzen sich mit Chlorwasserstoff zu 2‐Chlor‐1.3‐benzothiazionen‐(4) ( 8–14, 16 ) um. Analog erhält man aus 2‐ Selenocyanato‐benozylchlorid ( 18 ) 2‐Chlor‐1.3‐benzoselenazinon‐(4) ( 19 ). Die Darstellung der 2‐Chlor‐1.3‐benozothiazionone‐(4) kann auch als Einstufenprozeß durch Reaktion von 2‐Thiocyanato‐benzoesäuren mit Phosphorpentachlorid erfolgen. Sie reagieren als azavinyloge Säurechloride rasch mit nucleophilen Agentien wie Aminen(zu 21–26 ) oder CH‐aciden Verbindungen (zu 27–29 ).
Subcarrier multiplexed broadband service network: a migration path to BISDN (1990)

A broadband fiber network that provides voice, data, and switched-video services to residential subscribers is described. To achieve low installed costs, the proposed network takes advantage of recent advances in broadband electronic switching, subcarrier multiplexed broadband fiber transmission, and passive optical splitting, and uses a fiber-to-the-curb topology. The network is designed to provide high-quality broadband services while simultaneously achieving low installed first costs and affording graceful migration to high-definition television and digital video, and finally to broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) services.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RESPONSES OF CELLS TO pH CHANGES IN THE MEDIUM (1962)

Studies were made with time-lapse motion pictures of the reactions of cells in culture to changes in their environment. The concentrations of H(+), HCO(3) (-)and CO(2) in the medium were altered in such a way that each, in turn, could be maintained constant while the others were varied. Observations were made on the shape of the cells, their activity, and their relation to the substratum. Characteristic reversible changes in the cells were observed whenever environmental pH was altered. Elevation of the pH accelerated cell movements and caused contraction of the cytoplasm, while lowering of the pH retarded and eventually stopped all cell activity, causing apparent gelation of the protoplasm. These responses did not occur when HCO(3) (-) and CO(2) were varied without changing the pH. It is suggested that local pH changes in the micro-environment of a cell's surface may be a significant factor in controlling cell behavior in culture and in vivo.
Metabolic effects of diltiazem and atenolol: results from a randomized, double-blind study with parallel groups (1989)

In a randomized, double-blind study (n = 58) with parallel groups, the effects of diltiazem (mean dose 329 mg/day) and atenolol (mean dose 67 mg/day) on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive patients were compared. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reductions in the supine position were similar and satisfactory, 9/11 and 11/9 mmHg during atenolol and diltiazem treatment, respectively. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake, measured with the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique, decreased during atenolol treatment, from 7.1 to 5.6 mg/kg per min (P = 0.05). but not during treatment with diltiazem (initial value 6.8, final value 6.7 mg/kg per min; P greater than 0.8). Treatment differences between groups were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). During atenolol treatment there was a slight but significant increase in plasma glucose in the fasting state (P less than 0.05) and at the end of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; P less than 0.01), and in plasma insulin at the end of IVGTT (P less than 0.05). Despite increased insulin resistance the increase in insulin response was small, suggesting inhibition of insulin release. The insulin peak was decreased by 13% during diltiazem treatment (P less than 0.05). The concentrations of very-low and low-density lipoprotein triglycerides increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was unaffected during atenolol treatment. In conclusion, there was no difference between the antihypertensive effects of atenolol and diltiazem, but atenolol decreased insulin sensitivity and altered the lipid profile, thus possibly increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus and theoretically reducing the benefits of blood pressure reduction with regard to risk of coronary heart disease.
Large‐scale production of pharmaceutical proteins in plant cell culture—the protalix experience (2015)

Protalix Biotherapeutics develops recombinant human proteins and produces them in plant cell culture. Taliglucerase alfa has been the first biotherapeutic expressed in plant cells to be approved by regulatory authorities around the world. Other therapeutic proteins are being developed and are currently at various stages of the pipeline. This review summarizes the major milestones reached by Protalix Biotherapeutics to enable the development of these biotherapeutics, including platform establishment, cell line selection, manufacturing process and good manufacturing practice principles to consider for the process. Examples of the various products currently being developed are also presented.
Population Graphs: the graph theoretic shape of genetic structure (2004)

Patterns of intraspecific genetic variation result from interactions among both historical and contemporary evolutionary processes. Traditionally, population geneticists have used methods such as F-statistics, pairwise isolation by distance models, spatial autocorrelation and coalescent models to analyse this variation and to gain insight about causal evolutionary processes. Here we introduce a novel approach (Population Graphs) that focuses on the analysis of marker-based population genetic data within a graph theoretic framework. This method can be used to estimate traditional population genetic summary statistics, but its primary focus is on characterizing the complex topology resulting from historical and contemporary genetic interactions among populations. We introduce the application of Population Graphs by examining the range-wide population genetic structure of a Sonoran Desert cactus (Lophocereus schottii). With this data set, we evaluate hypotheses regarding historical vicariance, isolation by distance, population-level assignment and the importance of specific populations to species-wide genetic connectivity. We close by discussing the applicability of Population Graphs for addressing a wide range of population genetic and phylogeographical problems.
Comparative Investigation on MU-MIMO Schemes for TDD MIMO OFDMA Uplink (2006)

CSI can be utilized at the transmitter to implement close loop multiuser MIMO and obtain both full spatial multiplexing and multiuser diversity gain in uplink. In this paper, multiuser per antenna rate control (MU-PARC) and multiuser singular value decomposition (MU-SVD) for spatial division multiplexing (SDM) of MIMO OFDM are investigated and a novel joint spatial frequency proportional fairness (PF) scheduling is proposed to guarantee the user fairness. MU-SVD is expected to achieve better system throughput since it can achieve full transmission and reception diversity and multiuser diversity gain, while MU-PARC can only achieve reception diversity and multiuser diversity gain. From the simulation results, the throughput of MU-SVD is 31% higher than that of MU-PARC for 4times2 MIMO and 8times4 MIMO scenario when SNR at receiver antenna is set as 10 dB without path loss and shadowing
EGFR signaling and autophagy dependence for growth, survival, and therapy resistance (2013)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is amplified or mutated in various human epithelial tumors. Its expression and activation leads to cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Consistently, EGFR amplification or expression of EGFR variant 3 (EGFRvIII) is associated with resistance to conventional cancer therapy through activation of pro-survival signaling and DNA-repair mechanisms. EGFR targeting has successfully been exploited as strategy to increase treatment efficacy. Nevertheless, these targeting strategies have only been proven effective in a limited percentage of human tumors. Recent knowledge indicates that EGFR deregulated tumors display differences in autophagy and dependence on autophagy for growth and survival and the use of autophagy to increase resistance to EGFR-targeting drugs. In this review the dependency on autophagy and its role in mediating resistance to EGFR-targeting agents will be discussed. Considering the current knowledge, autophagy inhibition could provide a novel strategy to enhance therapy efficacy in treatment of EGFR deregulated tumors.
A design of triode electron gun (1955)

A theoretical study has been made of the focusing of high-current electron beams by means of the aperture effect. The aperture effect is obtained by a triode electron optical system. An equation for describing the beam profile in the system has been described. Both the condition for obtaining the minimum radius of the beam and the condition for optimum focus have also been worked out. Two numerical examples are treated to illustrate the triode focusing of electron beams with two different total current magnitudes of 50 and 250 µa. It is found that by using this triode system the final energy of the electrons and the total current of the electron beam may be adjusted separately.
Activation Loop Phosphorylation Modulates Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Kinase Domain Activity (2009)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) plays a central role in signal transduction pathways regulating survival, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B-lineage lymphoid cells. A number of cell signaling studies clearly show that Btk is activated by Lyn, a Src family kinase, through phosphorylation on activation loop tyrosine 551 (Y(551)). However, the detailed molecular mechanism regulating Btk activation remains unclear. In particular, we do not fully understand the correlation of kinase activity with Y(551) phosphorylation, and the role of the noncatalytic domains of Btk in the activation process. Insect cell expressed full-length Btk is enzymatically active, but a truncated version of Btk, composed of only the kinase catalytic domain, is largely inactive. Further characterization of both forms of Btk by mass spectrometry showed partial phosphorylation of Y(551) of the full-length enzyme and none of the truncated kinase domain. To determine whether the lack of activity of the kinase domain was due to the absence of Y(551) phosphorylation, we developed an in vitro method to generate Y(551) monophosphorylated Btk kinase domain fragment using the Src family kinase Lyn. Detailed kinetic analyses demonstrated that the in vitro phosphorylated Btk kinase domain has a similar activity as the full-length enzyme while the unphosphorylated kinase domain has a very low k(cat) and is largely inactive. A divalent magnesium metal dependence study established that Btk requires a second magnesium ion for activity. Furthermore, our analysis revealed significant differences in the second metal-binding site among the kinase domain and the full-length enzyme that likely account for the difference in their catalytic profile. Taken together, our study provides important mechanistic insights into Btk kinase activity and phosphorylation-mediated regulation.
Incorporation of exudates of human platelet‐rich fibrin gel in biodegradable fibrin scaffolds for tissue engineering of cartilage (2012)

The goal of this study was to assess the incorporation of exudates of human platelet-rich fibrin (hPRF) that is abundant in platelet cytokines and growth factors into biodegradable fibrin (FB) scaffolds as a regeneration matrix for promoting chondrocyte proliferation and re-differentiation. hPRF was obtained from human blood by centrifugation without an anticoagulant, and the exudate of hPRF was collected and mixed with bovine fibrinogen, and then thrombin was added to form the FB scaffold. Proliferation and differentiation of human primary chondrocytes and a human chondrosarcoma cell line, the SW-1353, embedded in the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds and on the two-dimensional (2D) surface of the FB scaffolds so produced were evaluated in comparison with an agarose (AG) scaffold serving as the control. Results demonstrated that the amounts of these cytokines and growth factors in hPRF exudates were higher than those in the blood-derived products except for TGF-β1. Chondrocytes and SW1353 cells on the 2D and 3D FB scaffolds with the addition of the exudates of PRF exhibited more-available proliferation and differentiation than cells on 2D and 3D FB and AG scaffolds. It was concluded that FB scaffolds can provide an appropriate environment for chondrocyte proliferation and re-differentiation, and it could be improved by adding exudates of hPRF. These 3D scaffolds have great promise for cartilage tissue engineering.
HR DYNAMICS AND INNOVATION PRACTICES: INSURANCE SECTOR (INDIA) (2013)

Competitive advantage of a company can be generated from human resources (hr) and company performance is influenced by a set of effective hrm practices. In this study, we intended to assess the hr practices in insurance companies. Primary data based on 189 respondents from four insurance companies were analyzed to assess hr practices being practiced by insurance companies in India. Six factors from factor analysis were further analyzed. ‘Training and benefits’ was found highly in practice in the insurance companies. Further, ‘performance appraisal,’ ‘selection and socialization of employees,’ and ‘hr planning and recruitment’ were moderately practised in insurance companies. ‘Workforce diversity and contemporary hr practices’ and ‘competitive compensation’ were also practised to some extent. Anova results showed that Indian companies did not practise workforce diversity. Compensation practices were found more competitive or performance based in Multinational insurance companies than in Indian ones. The gender effect showed that only competitive compensation was perceived significantly differently by male and female employees/executives.
Heating and Plasma Properties in a Coaxial Gasdynamic Pulsed Plasma Thruster (2001)

§ 0.3 eV. The ion Mach number ui/cm is generally supersonic with a value of 3.0 § 0.5. When the arrival time of peak ne is measured, an ion velocity of 34 km/s is indicated. A magnetic probe survey was used to measure magnetic e eld strength and identify enclosed current contours.