gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images (2020)

<p /> Abstract This dissertation deals with the problem of capturing human motions and poses using a single camera. The frst part of the thesis proposes two closely related approaches for the 3D reconstruction of human motions from image sequences. To resolve inherent ambiguities in monocular 3D reconstruction the main idea of this part is to exploit temporal properties of human motions in combination with a human body model learned from training data. The second part of the thesis tackles the problem of reconstructing a human pose from a single image. A human body model is learned by training a deep neural network that covers nonlinearities and anthropometric constraints. C O N T E N T S 1 Introduction ….. 1 1.1 Applications and Commercial Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Image-based Motion Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3.1 Time Consistent Human Motion Reconstruction . 6 1.3.2 RepNet . . . . . . . ...
[Detection and significance of gene variation in hepatitis B virus S region]. (2012)

HBV genome is susceptible to nucleotide mutations. Some residues have geographically restricted mutations in gene S region. And understanding the significance of these mutations may help clarify the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and provide new experimental evidence for its gene diagnosis and prevention.
New Technology for Opening Various Reinforcing Fiber Tows. (1998)

A new process to open continuously reinforcing fiber tow was proposed. It consists of a roll part for its preliminary opening and a pneumatic part based on a novel principle for its main opening. This process was successfully applied to carbon and glass fiber tows. Three methods for evaluating the degree of tow opening were also proposed and applied to the evaluation of these opened tows. The following results were obtained:In the new combined method, filaments within tow are separated from the state adhered by a sizing agent in the roll part, and the tow is widely opened by the pneumatic part. Thus, much more widely opened tow can be obtained by the combined method, as compared with any of the singular process.The effects of the number of filaments within tow, the breadth/thickness ratio of tow, the compactness caused by sizing, and the diameter of single filament on the opening degree of carbon fiber and glass fiber tows were also clarified.
Restructuring ordered binary trees (2000)

We consider the problem of restructuring an ordered binary tree T, preserving the in-order sequence of its nodes, so as to reduce its height to some target value h. Such a restructuring necessarily involves the downward displacement of some of the nodes of T. Our results, focusing both on the maximum displacement over all nodes and on the maximum displacement over leaves only, provide (i) an explicit tradeoff between the worst-case displacement and the height restriction (including a family of trees that exhibit the worst-case displacements) and (ii) efficient algorithms to achieve height-restricted restructuring while minimizing the maximum node displacement.
Oblique color vision in an open-habitat bird: spectral sensitivity, photoreceptor distribution and behavioral implications (2012)

Color vision is not uniform across the retina because of differences in photoreceptor density and distribution. Retinal areas with a high density of cone photoreceptors may overlap with those with a high density of ganglion cells, increasing hue discrimination. However, there are some exceptions to this cell distribution pattern, particularly in species with horizontal visual streaks (bands of high ganglion cell density across the retina) that live in open habitats. We studied the spectral sensitivity and distribution of cone photoreceptors involved in chromatic and achromatic vision in the Canada goose (Branta canadiensis), which possesses an oblique rather than horizontal visual streak at the ganglion cell layer. Using microspectrophotometry, we found that the Canada goose has a violet-sensitive visual system with four visual pigments with absorbance peaks at 409, 458, 509 and 580 nm. The density of most cones involved in chromatic and achromatic vision peaked along a band across the retina that matched the oblique orientation of the visual streak. With the information on visual sensitivity, we calculated chromatic and achromatic contrasts of different goose plumage regions. The regions with the highest visual saliency (cheek, crown, neck and upper tail coverts) were the ones involved in visual displays to maintain flock cohesion. The Canada goose oblique visual streak is the retinal center for chromatic and achromatic vision, allowing individuals to sample the sky and the ground simultaneously or the horizon depending on head position. Overall, our results show that the Canada goose visual system has features that make it rather different from that of other vertebrates living in open habitats.
Collaborative Document Clustering (2006)

Document clustering has been traditionally studied as a centralized process. There are scenarios when centralized clustering does not serve the required purpose; e.g. documents spanning multiple digital libraries need not be clustered in one location, but rather clustered at each location, then enriched by receiving more information from other locations. A distributed collaborative approach for document clustering is proposed in this paper. The main objective here is to allow peers in a network to form independent opinions of local document grouping, followed by exchange of cluster summaries in the form of keyphrase vectors. The nodes then expand and enrich their local solution by receiving recommended documents from their peers based on the peer judgement of the similarity of local documents to the exchanged cluster summaries. Results show improvement in final clustering after merging peer recommendations. The approach allows independent nodes to achieve better local clustering by having access to distributed data without the cost of centralized clustering, while maintaining the initial local clustering structure and coherency.
The <i>Drosophila</i> cdc25 homolog <i>twine</i> is required for meiosis (1992)

We have identified a second cdc25 homolog in Drosophila. In contrast to string (the first homolog identified in Drosophila) this second homolog, twine, does not function in the mitotic cell cycle, but is specialized for meiosis. Expression of twine was observed exclusively in male and female gonads. twine transcripts are present in germ cells during meiosis, and appear only late during gametogenesis, well after the end of the mitotic germ cell divisions. The sterile Drosophila mutant, mat(2)synHB5, which had previously been isolated and mapped to the same genomic region as twine (35F), was found to carry a missense mutation in the twine gene. This missense mutation in twine abolished its ability to complement a mutation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc25. Phenotypic analysis of mat(2)synHB5 mutant flies revealed a complete block of meiosis in males and severe meiotic defects in females.
Semantic Decomposition for Question Answering (2008)

In this paper, we develop and evaluate methods for decomposing complex questions for a question answering system to less complex questions. This aims at increasing the number of correct answers, especially in (deep) semantic question answering systems. For example, an event that occurs as a temporal restriction of a question can be queried for its date and the resulting answer can be substituted in the original question leading to a simpler, revised question. We present six decomposition classes, which are employed for annotating the 996 different German QA@CLEF questions from 2004 till 2008 and trigger different decomposition methods. Most methods work on the level of semantic representations, thereby avoiding natural language generation, a second parsing step, and possible errors in these two steps. The decomposition classes are not equally distributed, but three of them occur frequently in the questions. In the evaluation, the precision and recall for automatically classifying questions with respect to the decomposition classes are investigated. Then, the impact on a deep question answering system is determined. On the QA@CLEF questions, which by construction prefer questions that can be answered from single sentences, the performance gain in number of correct answers is not large, but significant. This encourages us to develop and test further decomposition classes and methods as future work.
Cryopreservation of Encapsulated Liver Spheroids for a Bioartificial Liver: Reducing Latent Cryoinjury Using an Ice Nucleating Agent (2011)

Spheroids cryopreserved without INA displayed latent cryoinjury in the first 6 h after thawing. INA reduced supercooling during CryoP and also latent cryoinjury. Cell numbers, viability, and function as measured over 72 h post-thaw were all improved when INA was present during CryoP.
Speech enhancement based on 4th order cumulant backward linear predictor for impulsive noise (2012)

Although a speech enhancement has been proposed, it is difficult to reduce the impulsive noise whose power changes fast. In this paper the speech enhancement based on a linear predictor with 4th order cumulant adaptive algorithm is proposed to reduce the impulsive noise which is suddenly generated by hitting an object. The proposed method takes advantages of the high kurtosis of the impulsive noise. The proposed linear predictor converges such that the output of the linear predictor becomes the component with high kurtosis. The impulsive noise has high kurtosis, on the other hand speech has low kurtosis. Therefore, the proposed linear predictor can estimate only the impulsive noise. In addition, in order to improve a convergence rate the backward linear predictor is used herein.
Short-Term Inhibition of ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation by Clopidogrel Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Toxicity in Rat Small Intestine (2002)

Endothelial dysfunction and increased platelet aggregation may be involved in the pathogenesis of normal tissue radiation toxicity. This study assessed clopidogrel, an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, as a modulator of intestinal radiation injury (radiation enteropathy). Rat small intestine was exposed to 21 Gy X-radiation. Clopidogrel (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered from 2 days before to 10 days after irradiation. Structural radiation injury, neutrophil infiltration, smooth muscle cell proliferation, collagen content, and TGF-beta1 expression were assessed 2 weeks (early phase) and 26 weeks (delayed phase) after irradiation, using quantitative histology and immunohistochemistry, morphometry, and real-time fluorogenic probe RT-PCR. Irradiated intestine exhibited significant histopathologic injury, reduced mucosal surface area, vascular sclerosis, intestinal wall fibrosis, increased collagen content, and increased TGF-beta1 expression. Clopidogrel reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 93% and significantly attenuated the severity of post-radiation vascular sclerosis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02) and the loss of mucosal surface area (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.003) at both 2 and 26 weeks. Clopidogrel also ameliorated overall histopathologic injury (p = 0.02), relative intestinal collagen content (p = 0.03), and collagen III immunoreactivity levels 2 weeks after irradiation, and caused a borderline reduction in the radiation-induced increase in extracellular matrix-associated TGF-beta immunoreactivity at 26 weeks (p = 0.04). The effects of clopidogrel on steady-state TGF-beta1 mRNA levels and neutrophil infiltration were not statistically significant. Short-term clopidogrel administration affords protection against early and, to a lesser extent, delayed radiation enteropathy. Modulation of platelet aggregation should be subject to further studies as a potential method to increase safety and efficacy of radiation therapy.
<i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization of a Novel Neuroprotective Strategy for Stroke: Ischemic Postconditioning (2007)

As clinical trials of pharmacological neuroprotective strategies in stroke have been disappointing, attention has turned to the brain's own endogenous strategies for neuroprotection. Recently, a hypothesis has been offered that modified reperfusion subsequent to a prolonged ischemic episode may also confer ischemic neuroprotection, a phenomenon termed 'postconditioning'. Here we characterize both in vivo and in vitro models of postconditioning in the brain and offer data suggesting a biological mechanism for protection. Postconditioning treatment reduced infarct volume by up to 50% in vivo and by approximately 30% in vitro. A duration of 10 mins of postconditioning ischemia after 10 mins of reperfusion produced the most effective postconditioning condition both in vivo and in vitro. The degree of neuroprotection after postconditioning was equivalent to that observed in models of ischemic preconditioning. However, subjecting the brain to both preconditioning as well as postconditioning did not cause greater protection than each treatment alone. The prosurvival protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt show prolonged phosphorylation in the cortex of postconditioned rats. Neuroprotection after postconditioning was inhibited only in the presence of LY294002, which blocks Akt activation, but not U0126 or SB203580, which block ERK and P38 MAP kinase activity. In contrast, preconditioning-induced protection was blocked by LY294002, U0126, and SB203580. Our data suggest that postconditioning may represent a novel neuroprotective approach for focal ischemia/reperfusion, and one that is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of the protein kinase Akt.
LONG-TERM FATE AND EFFECTS OF UNTREATED THICK OIL DEPOSITS ON SALT MARSHES (1993)

ABSTRACT The paper compares two case histories in which thick oil layers were deposited on salt marshes. The first concerns a spill in Milford Haven, Wales, in February 1969, which resulted in deposits of heavy fuel oil on parts of the Martinshaven marsh. The second concerns the Metula spill of light Arabian crude in the Strait of Magellan, Chile, in August 1974. Salt marshes near Puerto Espora, Tierra del Fuego, were affected by thick mousse. Following both spills, vegetation was smothered and killed. For a variety of reasons, including remoteness, there was no cleanup treatment in either case. At Martinshaven, vegetation recovery started within the first year after the spill, and was complete within 15 years. The oil layer is still clearly visible in core samples, but is not visible at the marsh surface because of sediment deposition. Samples analyzed in 1990, 22 years after the spill, were still recognizable as heavy fuel oil, albeit highly degraded. The Puerto Espora marshes were revisited in 1990 and 1991, 16 and 17 years after the spill. Mousse deposits were still visible at the surface. Samples analyzed in 1990 showed that oil beneath the surface skin of thick deposits was still quite fresh. There was no vegetation recovery in such areas. Where deposits were thinner, the mousse was well weathered and vegetation was recovering. Factors influencing recovery include oil type and weathering, oil thickness, sedimentation processes, size of area affected, and plant morphology. It is concluded that in extreme circumstances of extensive, thick oil deposits, natural recovery will take decades, so a cleanup program is likely to be justifiable. Cleanup may not be necessary for small areas of thick deposits on some marshes.
Jerusalem: Resurrection of a City (1996)

Abstract This chapter examines the role of Jerusalem in the growth of monastic life and culture in Palestine during the Byzantine period. It suggests that the areas between the Judean hills and the Dead Sea would not have become the home of thousands of monks were it not for Jerusalem. Most of the monastic sites were built within easy travelling distance to Jerusalem and near the main highway that runs from Jerusalem to Jericho. The most recent list of the monasteries near Jerusalem catalogued about sixty-four.
Structural Alterations of Lignins in Transgenic Poplars with Depressed Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase or Caffeic Acid<i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Activity Have an Opposite Impact on the Efficiency of Industrial Kraft Pulping1 (1999)

We evaluated lignin profiles and pulping performances of 2-year-old transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba) lines severely altered in the expression of caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) or cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Transgenic poplars with CAD or COMT antisense constructs showed growth similar to control trees. CAD down-regulated poplars displayed a red coloration mainly in the outer xylem. A 90% lower COMT activity did not change lignin content but dramatically increased the frequency of guaiacyl units and resistant biphenyl linkages in lignin. This alteration severely lowered the efficiency of kraft pulping. The Klason lignin level of CAD-transformed poplars was slightly lower than that of the control. Whereas CAD down-regulation did not change the frequency of labile ether bonds or guaiacyl units in lignin, it increased the proportion of syringaldehyde and diarylpropane structures and, more importantly with regard to kraft pulping, of free phenolic groups in lignin. In the most depressed line, ASCAD21, a substantially higher content in free phenolic units facilitated lignin solubilization and fragmentation during kraft pulping. These results point the way to genetic modification of lignin structure to improve wood quality for the pulp industry.
Expression-Invariant Representations of Faces (2006)

Addressed here is the problem of constructing and analyzing expression-invariant representations of human faces. We demonstrate and justify experimentally a simple geometric model that allows to describe facial expressions as isometric deformations of the facial surface. The main step in the construction of expression-invariant representation of a face involves embedding of the facial intrinsic geometric structure into some low-dimensional space. We study the influence of the embedding space geometry and dimensionality choice on the representation accuracy and argue that compared to its Euclidean counterpart, spherical embedding leads to notably smaller metric distortions. We experimentally support our claim showing that a smaller embedding error leads to better recognition.
An Automatic Estimation of Arterial Input Function Based on Multi-Stream 3D CNN (2019)

Arterial input function (AIF) is estimated from perfusion images as a basic curve for the following deconvolution process to calculate hemodynamic variables to evaluate vascular status of tissues. However, estimation of AIF is currently based on manual annotations with prior knowledge. We propose an automatic estimation of AIF in perfusion images based on a multi-stream 3D CNN, which combined spatial and temporal features together to estimate the AIF ROI. The model is trained by manual annotations. The proposed method was trained and tested with 100 cases of perfusion-weighted imaging. The result was evaluated by dice similarity coefficient, which reached 0.79. The trained model had a better performance than the traditional method. After segmentation of the AIF ROI, the AIF was calculated by the average of all voxels in the ROI. We compared the AIF result with the manual and traditional methods, and the parameters of further processing of AIF, such as time to the maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax), relative cerebral blood flow, and mismatch volume, which are calculated in the Section Results. The result had a better performance, the average mismatch volume reached 93.32% of the manual method, while the other methods reached 85.04 and 83.04%. We have applied the method on the cloud platform, Estroke, and the local version of its software, NeuBrainCare, which can evaluate the volume of the ischemic penumbra, the volume of the infarct core, and the ratio of mismatch between perfusion and diffusion images to help make treatment decisions, when the mismatch ratio is abnormal.
Myocardial infiltration with immature cells in hypereosinophilic syndrome (1979)

A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome is reported. Investigation failed to reveal any precipitating cause or evidence of leukaemia. Death was due to intractable cardiac failure, and post-mortem examination showed infiltration of the myocardium with sheets of immature cells. The relevance of these cells is discussed and further investigation such as cardiac biopsy is suggested for similar cases.
Selecting Software Phase Markers with Code Structure Analysis (2006)

Most programs are repetitive, where similar behavior can be seen at different execution times. Algorithms have been proposed that automatically group similar portions of a program's execution into phases, where samples of execution in the same phase have homogeneous behavior and similar resource requirements. In this paper, we present an automated profiling approach to identify code locations whose executions correlate with phase changes. These ''software phase markers" can be used to easily detect phase changes across different inputs to a program without hardware support. Our approach builds a combined hierarchical procedure call and loop graph to represent a program's execution, where each edge also tracks the max, average, and standard deviation in hierarchical execution variability on paths from that edge. We search this annotated call-loop graph for instructions in the binary that accurately identify the start of unique stable behaviors across different inputs. We show that our phase markers can be used to accurately partition execution into units of repeating homogeneous behavior by counting execution cycles and data cache hits. We also compare the use of our software markers to prior work on guiding data cache reconfiguration using data-reuse markers. Finally, we show that the phase markers can be used to partition the program's execution at code transitions to pick accurately simulation points for SimPoint. When simulation points are defined in terms of phase markers, they can potentially be re-used across inputs, compiler optimizations, and different instruction set architectures for the same source code.