gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Magnetometers on a Glass Epoxy Polyimide Resin Substrate with Copper Terminals (2012)

We have developed fabrication technique of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers based on Nb/AlAlOx/Nb junctions directly on a glass epoxy polyimide resin substrate, which has copper terminals embedded in advance. The advantage of this method is that no additional substrate and wirebonds are needed for assembly. Compared to conventional SQUID magnetometers, which are assembled with a SQUID chip fabricated on a Si substrate and wirebonding technique, low risk of disconnection can be expected. A directly-coupled multi-loop SQUID magnetometer fabricated with this method has as good noise performance as a SQUID magnetometer with the same design fabricated on a Si wafer. The magnetometer sustained its performance through thermal cycle test 13 times so far.
Long-Term Function (6 Years) of Islet Allografts in Type 1 Diabetes (1997)

Eight type 1 diabetic patients, ages 29-41 years, with mean diabetes duration of 23 years (range 18-29 years) received islet transplants from 1 to 5 donors. Seven patients had stable kidney allografts 1-11 years before the islet transplant, and one patient had a simultaneous islet-kidney allograft. Patients' blood glucose control was poor as reflected by the mean +/- SD HbA1c of 9.1 +/- 1.7% before transplant. Of the first three patients, two (1 and 3) achieved insulin independence for 36 and 38 days, respectively. Two recipients rejected their islet grafts within 1 month (2 and 8) and therefore were excluded from analysis. The HbA1c and insulin requirement of the six remaining patients who had persistent islet function for more than 60 days was significantly reduced from 9.3 +/- 1.9 to 6.4 +/- 1.0% (P = 0.002) and from 0.75 +/- 0.15 to 0.35 +/- 0.12 U x kg(-1) x day(-1) (P < 0.001), respectively. The two patients with the longest graft survival (4 and 6) achieved a normalization or near-normalization of their HbA1c levels during 6 years in the absence of severe episodes of hypoglycemia. As demonstrated by a decline in C-peptide response during Sustacal challenge tests over a 6-year period, there was a diminution of islet allograft function over time, despite persistence of normal or near normal HbA1c. We concluded that transplantation of allogeneic islets with an islet mass comparable with whole or segmental pancreas transplants in type 1 diabetic patients can result in long-term islet allograft function; further, we concluded that, in conjunction with small dosages of exogenous insulin, a functioning islet allograft can result in near-normalization of blood glucose levels and significant improvement in HbA1c. The occurrence of severe hypoglycemic episodes observed for patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial was not observed in recipients with functioning islet transplants, despite the continuous need for exogenous insulin therapy to sustain normal HbA1c over the 6-year follow-up. The significant improvement in metabolic control observed for the patients described in this study, and the potential to significantly decrease or halt the progression of diabetic complications, support the continued application of islet allotransplantation as a treatment modality for type 1 diabetic patients.
Analog characteristics of metal-insulator-metal capacitors using PECVD nitride dielectrics (2001)

The frequency dependence of PECVD nitride and LPCVD oxide metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors is investigated with special attention for precision analog applications. At measurement frequencies of 1.0 MHz, nitride MIM capacitors show capacitance linearity close to that of oxide MIM capacitors, indicating potential for precision analog circuit applications. Due to dispersion effects, however, nitride MIM capacitors show significant degradation in capacitor linearity as the frequency is reduced, which leads to accuracy limitations for precision analog circuits. Oxide MIM capacitors are essentially independent of frequency.
Improved CDMA performance using parallel interference cancellation (2002)

The paper considers a general parallel interference cancellation scheme that significantly reduces the degradation effect of user interference but with a lesser implementation complexity than the maximum-likelihood technique. The scheme operates on the fact that parallel processing simultaneously removes from each user the total interference produced by the remaining most reliably received users accessing the channel. The parallel processing can be done in multiple stages. The proposed scheme uses tentative decision devices with different optimum thresholds at the multiple stages to produce the most reliably received data for generation and cancellation of user interference. The 1-stage interference cancellation is analyzed for three types of tentative decision devices, namely hard, null zone, and soft decision. Simulation results are given for 1- and 2-stage interference cancellation for equal as well as unequal power users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noise measurements from an ejector suppressor nozzle in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-foot low speed wind tunnel (1990)

Acoustic results are presented of a cooperative nozzle test program between NASA and Pratt and Whitney, conducted in the NASA-Lewis 9 x 15 ft Anechoic Wind Tunnel. The nozzle tested was the P and W Hypermix Nozzle concept, a 2-D lobed mixer nozzle followed by a short ejector section made to promote rapid mixing of the induced ejector nozzle flow. Acoustic and aerodynamic measurements were made to determine the amount of ejector pumping, degree of mixing, and noise reduction achieved. A series of tests were run to verify the acoustic quality of this tunnel. The results indicated that the tunnel test section is reasonably anechoic but that background noise can limit the amount of suppression observed from suppressor nozzles. Also, a possible internal noise was observed in the air supply system. The P and W ejector suppressor nozzle demonstrated the potential of this concept to significantly reduce jet noise. Significant reduction in low frequency noise was achieved by increasing the peak jet noise frequency. This was accomplished by breaking the jet into segments with smaller dimensions than those of the baseline nozzle. Variations in ejector parameters had little effect on the noise for the geometries and the range of temperatures and pressure ratios tested.
In vitro activity of para-guanidinoethylcalix[4]arene against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (2007)

In conclusion, results confirm para-guanidinoethylcalix[4]arene as a broad-spectrum new agent or an auxiliary in antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Advanced Radio Frequency Antennas for Modern Communication and Medical Systems (2020)

The main objective of this book is to present novel radio frequency (RF) antennas for 5G, IOT, and medical applications. The book is divided into four sections that present the main topics of radio frequency antennas. The rapid growth in development of cellular wireless communication systems over the last twenty years has resulted in most of world population owning smartphones, smart watches, I-pads, and other RF communication devices. Efficient compact wideband antennas are crucial in RF communication devices. This book presents information on planar antennas, cavity antennas, Vivaldi antennas, phased arrays, MIMO antennas, beamforming phased array reconfigurable Pabry-Perot cavity antennas, and time modulated linear array.
Addiction and Substance Abuse in Anesthesiology (2008)

Despite substantial advances in our understanding of addiction and the technology and therapeutic approaches used to fight this disease, addiction still remains a major issue in the anesthesia workplace, and outcomes have not appreciably changed. Although alcoholism and other forms of impairment, such as addiction to other substances and mental illness, impact anesthesiologists at rates similar to those in other professions, as recently as 2005, the drug of choice for anesthesiologists entering treatment was still an opioid. There exists a considerable association between chemical dependence and other psychopathology, and successful treatment for addiction is less likely when comorbid psychopathology is not treated. Individuals under evaluation or treatment for substance abuse should have an evaluation with subsequent management of comorbid psychiatric conditions. Participation in self-help groups is still considered a vital component in the therapy of the impaired physician, along with regular monitoring if the anesthesiologist wishes to attempt reentry into clinical practice.
Characterization of mechanical properties of dermis and fat in vivo (2001)

Experimental Setup A 20 MHz ultrasound system (Dermascan, Cortex, DK) is coupled to a pressure chamber with an aperture size of 8mm. The chamber is attached to the skin with double adhesive tape and filled with water. Application of an underpressure (suction) in the chamber with a syringe causes an uplift of the skin. Applied pressures are measured with a pressure sensor. Resulting displacements are obtained from the ultrasound images.
Liver tissue engineering: From implantable tissue to whole organ engineering (2017)

The term "liver tissue engineering" summarizes one of the ultimate goals of modern biotechnology: the possibility of reproducing in total or in part the functions of the liver in order to treat acute or chronic liver disorders and, ultimately, create a fully functional organ to be transplanted or used as an extracorporeal device. All the technical approaches in the area of liver tissue engineering are based on allocating adult hepatocytes or stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells within a three-dimensional structure able to ensure their survival and to maintain their functional phenotype. The hosting structure can be a construct in which hepatocytes are embedded in alginate and/or gelatin or are seeded in a pre-arranged scaffold made with different types of biomaterials. According to a more advanced methodology termed three-dimensional bioprinting, hepatocytes are mixed with a bio-ink and the mixture is printed in different forms, such as tissue-like layers or spheroids. In the last decade, efforts to engineer a cell microenvironment recapitulating the dynamic native extracellular matrix have become increasingly successful, leading to the hope of satisfying the clinical demand for tissue (or organ) repair and replacement within a reasonable timeframe. Indeed, the preclinical work performed in recent years has shown promising results, and the advancement in the biotechnology of bioreactors, <i>ex vivo</i> perfusion machines, and cell expansion systems associated with a better understanding of liver development and the extracellular matrix microenvironment will facilitate and expedite the translation to technical applications. (<i>Hepatology Communications</i> 2018;2:131-141).
Pixelless thermal imaging with integrated quantum-well infrared photodetector and light-emitting diode (2002)

A large pixelless thermal imager based on the epitaxial integration of a GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetector and a GaAs light-emitting diode is demonstrated. The device transforms a mid-infrared (9 μm) scene to a near-infrared (0.82 μm) emission image with a temperature resolution of /spl sim/1 K, limited by the integration capacity of the near-visible camera.
Nanosized Hybrid Particles with Double Luminescence for Biological Labeling (2005)

Doubly luminescent core/shell structure nanoparticles were synthesized for biological detection. In the first step gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) core doped with the luminescent Tb3+ ions was obtained by applying, with modifications, the polyol route, which allows direct precipitation of oxide nanoparticles in a polyalcohol medium. The presence of Tb3+ ions in the Gd2O3 crystalline matrix confers attractive optical properties for long-term studies and multilabeling such as a high photostability and narrow emission bands. The water sensitivity of these particles, which is detrimental for the Tb ion's luminescence, was overcome by embedding the oxide core in a functionalized polysiloxane shell prepared by hydrolysis condensation of a mixture of APTES and TEOS. This protective layer allows the dispersion of the particles in aqueous solution without loss of luminescence intensity. Moreover, the luminescence of polysiloxane-coated Gd2O3 nanoparticles is more intense than that in the case of the naked Gd2O3 core. Due to the presence of amino groups, organic dyes and biotargeting groups (nucleic acid, biotin, streptavidin) were covalently linked to the polysiloxane network. These particles are efficient for detection of biomolecules whose presence is revealed by the high fluorescence of organic dyes and/or the photostable Tb3+ ion's luminescence.
Mites of moths and butterflies (1975)

Mites of moths and butterflies / , Mites of moths and butterflies / , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Evaluation of a Reduced Cost Active NDVI Sensor for Crop Nutrient Management (2012)

There are methods to increase fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency through optical sensor-based nitrogen application; however, the sensors are expensive and cost prohibitive to farmers in the developing world. This study evaluated a novel, reduced cost, prototype, and optical sensor to determine if it could be used with the same level of accuracy as a commercial sensor. The stability of the prototype sensor (pocket sensor) to maintain an accurate calibration over time, the effect of operator on sensor readings, and sensor performance in maize and wheat were assessed. Evaluation of the sensor performance was conducted in existing wheat and maize trials, as well as turf grass canopies at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.The prototype sensors were highly correlated to the commercial GreenSeeker NDVI sensor in turf grass, wheat, and maize canopies (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>0.97</mml:mn></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>0.95</mml:mn></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>0.91</mml:mn></mml:math>, resp.). The Pocket Sensors lacked some precision in comparison to the commercial sensor; however, even with the reduced precision, the cost of the sensor and robustness of N fertilizer algorithms compensate for this apparent weakness. The pocket sensor is a new and viable tool to assess wheat and maize nitrogen status and make nitrogen recommendations based upon the data collected with this sensor.
Preparation of Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> films by MOCVD and their application to memory devices (1995)

Abstract Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were prepared on Pt/SiO2/Si(100) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). C-axis oriented Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were grown on Pt/SiO2/Si (100) at 550°C. These films deposited directly on the substrates exhibit very rough surface morphology. However, a Bi4Ti3O12 film with a Bi2Ti2O7 buffer layer on Pt/SiO2/Si(100) exhibits very smooth morphology and has high c-axis orientation. This film shows remanent polarization of 0.6 μC/cm2, coercive field of 13 kV/cm and dielectric constant of 180. MFIS and MFMIS structures which were NDRO ferroelectric memory devices were fabricated using the Bi4Ti3O12 films by MOCVD. In C-V measurement, memory windows by remanent polarization were shown in these structures. When Pt/IrO2/poly-Si was used as a floating gate, some improvements in C-V characteristics were obtained.
Formation of titanium silicide by Millisecond Anneal (2010)

The development of the MilliSecond Anneals (MSA) technology allows the use of short dwell time coupled with a high peak temperature in order to significantly reduce the global thermal budget. These points are fundamental in the phase transformation occurring in silicide materials: the high temperature allows the phase change and the short dwell time reduces the materials ability to diffuse and create electrical shorts and leakage. The main application using MSA for silicide steps is performed on Nickel or Nickel Platinum alloy, used in advance CMOS technology as 40 nm node and below. In this work, the capability of the Titanium to be silicided during millisecond anneal is compared to the performance of Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) which has a high thermal budget above 750°C for few seconds. Full sheet sample are used to compare the phase formation of TiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> done either by RTP or by MSA process. The phase transition is followed by Rs measurement as function of the temperature and the created phases itself were characterised by XRD. The final goal of the study is to check the integration capability of Titanium silicide by MSA in a full process flow needing very low thermal budget.
Unconventional dentistry: Part IV. Unconventional dental practices and products. (2000)

This is the fourth in a series of 5 articles providing a contemporary overview and introduction to unconventional dentistry (UD) and its correlation to unconventional medicine (UM). Several common UD and UM practices are described to familiarize practitioners with a variety of theories, practices, products and treatments that specifically apply to dentistry. This brief review is not intended as an in-depth resource.
Is the (Cd,Mn)Te crystal a prospective material for X‐ray and γ‐ray detectors? (2005)

To answer the title question – the technology and properties of the (Cd,Mn)Te crystals is discussed as compared with those of the more commonly used (Cd,Zn)Te crystals. The composition homogeneity of the large single crystals of the ternary compound seems to be easier to achieve in the case of (Cd,Mn)Te because the segregation coefficient of Mn in CdTe is negligible with respect to that (approx. 1.3) of Zn. Only 15% of MnTe has to be added to CdTe to reach the best for the detector application value of the energy gap (in the range 1.7–2.2 eV), while the necessary amount of ZnTe is over 30%! This is because the composition dependence of the CdTe energy gap is for Mn twice as strong as for Zn. Using a smaller amount of the second cation diminishes many alloying-related problems. Dopant-free as grown (Cd,Mn)Te crystals are of p-type, which is related to the Cd vacancies acting as acceptors. The number of vacancies can be reduced by the post-growth annealing in the Cd vapours and the high (∼1010 Ωcm) resistivity, required for good detectors, can be obtained by doping with donors. The technology of the (Cd,Mn)Te crystals, undoped and compensated in the very large range of concentrations, and Cd-annealing of the samples is discussed. Characterization of the obtained crystals is described. The behaviour of the preliminary detectors is shown. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micromolding and photopolymerization (1997)

Micromolding techniques for the fabrication of polymer microstructures are discussed with reference to the features important for commercial success. Particular emphasis is placed on a recently developed photo‐polymerization reaction injection molding (RIM) technique. The progress made to date on the molding of microstructures using this technique is detailed and compared with thermally initiated RIM. The goal is to fabricate structures with lateral dimensions in the micrometer range, structural details in the submicrometer range, and high aspect ratios.
Homocysteine in the Plasma of Renal Transplant Recipients: Effects of Cofactors for Methionine Metabolism (1981)

1. Homocysteine which is formed during the metabolism of methionine is readily oxidized and is measured by the amino acid analyser as cysteine—homocysteine mixed disulphide and homocystine. We measured plasma amino acid concentrations after an overnight fast in 27 stable long-term renal transplant recipients and 25 age-and sex-matched normal subjects with particular emphasis on sulphur-containing amino acids. 2. Plasma cysteine—homocysteine mixed disulphide was increased in the patients (mean 6.0 ± sd 3.2 μmol/l; normal 3.1 ± 0.9 μmol/l, P &lt; 0.001) and homocystine was detectable in low concentration (&lt; 1.0 μmol/l) in 24; the elevation in cysteine—homocysteine was related to serum creatinine (r = 0.60, P &lt; 0.002). Cystine was also increased (91.6 ± 29.3 μmol/l; normal subjects 64.0 ± 16.7 μmol/l, P &lt; 0.001), but methionine concentrations were normal. 3. When pyridoxine, folic acid and vitamin B12, cofactors for homocysteine metabolism, were administered sequentially to 11 arbitrarily selected transplant recipients cysteine—homocysteine decreased from 7.3 ± 2.1 to 4.3 ± 0.8 μmol/l (P &lt; 0.001) and homocystine became undetectable. the response coincided with the giving of folic acid and occurred without alteration in serum creatinine and with normal serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. 4. in eight patients in whom pretreatment erythrocyte folate was measured, folic acid therapy reduced cysteine—homocysteine from 9.0 ± 3.1 to 5.4 ± 1.6 μmol/l over a 4 week period (P &lt; 0.001), the largest response being in the one patient with subnormal erythrocyte folate; values were in the low-normal or normal range in the other seven. 5. We conclude that plasma homocysteine is increased in renal transplant recipients when serum creatinine is only moderately elevated and that the homocysteine concentrations are decreased by treatment with folic acid, suggesting that both reduced homocysteine excretion and relative shortages of folic acid are responsible.
Trastuzumab-Associated Cardiac Events at 8 Years of Median Follow-Up in the Herceptin Adjuvant Trial (BIG 1-01) (2014)

Long-term assessment at 8-year median follow-up confirms the low incidence of cardiac events for trastuzumab given sequentially after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and cardiac events were reversible in the vast majority of patients.
FLEXCM - A Component Model for Adaptive Embedded Systems (2007)

Component-based software development focuses on reuse of already available software components, reducing development time and cost and improving software quality and productivity. To enable composition, components must conform to a specific component model and target a specific component platform. This paper presents a component model for embedded systems called Flexcm and the execution environment in which the components will be running. The component model supports aspects like reflectivity, exceptions, events and lifecycle management. The execution environment supports update of specific components, registration of new components with new functionalities and adaptability based on its execution context. In order to achieve a concrete result, the presented component model and platform is driven by the development of a middleware submitted as a proposal to the Brazilian Digital TV System.