gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of subsample time delay differences in narrowband ultrasonic echoes using the Hilbert transform correlation (1994)

In many areas the time delay of arrival (TDOA) is desired. In the case of narrowband signals we propose a fast and simple method to estimate small time delays. This method is shown to have the same or better accuracy as the cross correlation methods for small delays in the order of fractions of the sample interval. It is based on using the Hilbert transform in correlation between two signals and consists of only one scalar product, which makes it fast. It may also be used in applications with narrowband signals where the measurements are repeatable, such as ultrasonic imaging and nondestructive testing. In ultrasonic applications, due to fluctuations in the insonified media, a small random time shift may be present causing the signals to be misaligned in time. Averaging signals under these conditions will result in a distortion of the signal shape. We propose an averaging method to avoid this and to accomplish a higher SNR without the distortion. Simulations and experiments from ultrasonic applications are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase I Study of Flavopiridol with Oxaliplatin and Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in Advanced Solid Tumors (2009)

Flavopiridol with FOLFOX is a safe and tolerable regimen. Promising clinical activity was seen across tumor types. Encouraging results in the platinum-refractory germ cell tumor population has prompted a phase II trial that is currently open for accrual.
Performance and Reliability of a Revocation Method Utilizing Encrypted Backup Data (2009)

When multiple users access a network storage system for cloud computing, security becomes a key factor in the service, as well as performance and reliability. The "encrypt-on-disk'' scheme effectively protects transmitted and stored data in network storage. However, this scheme has the problem of revocation for shared files. Active revocation is safe but has denial periods to allow immediate reencryption, while lazy revocation has no denial period but is unsafe during the delay. We propose intelligent storage nodes capable of handling active revocation in storage without the denial period by adopting a primary-backup configuration. This approach provides a good combination of security and availability by replication. However, the reencryption process negatively affects the update performance. Delaying the reencryption process and disk write on the backup node improves performance with no ill effect on security and a small decrease of MTTDL for the simple primary-backup configuration. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches by experiments, and the reliability by estimation.
GaAs 3-axis Coriolis vibrating micro rate gyro: concept and preliminary characterization (2010)

Abstract This paper presents a GaAs based piezoelectric Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscope (CVG) which measures rotation rates along the three orthogonal directions of space by using a single vibrating structure. The proposed design shows important sensibilities along the 3 orthogonal directions As a test, some GaAs resonators were realized by GaAs bulk wet etching of 450 μm-thick wafers. This paper begins with a presentation of the principle of a new 3-axis CVG, its design and how GaAs piezoelectricity can be use to actuate and sense it. It is followed by a study of the bulk wet micromachining of GaAs, and the realization of thick GaAs resonators carrying top and back side electrodes. Characteristics of these GaAs resonators are finally presented.
Assessing and Correcting Topographic Effects on Forest Canopy Height Retrieval Using Airborne LiDAR Data (2015)

Topography affects forest canopy height retrieval based on airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data a lot. This paper proposes a method for correcting deviations caused by topography based on individual tree crown segmentation. The point cloud of an individual tree was extracted according to crown boundaries of isolated individual trees from digital orthophoto maps (DOMs). Normalized canopy height was calculated by subtracting the elevation of centres of gravity from the elevation of point cloud. First, individual tree crown boundaries are obtained by carrying out segmentation on the DOM. Second, point clouds of the individual trees are extracted based on the boundaries. Third, precise DEM is derived from the point cloud which is classified by a multi-scale curvature classification algorithm. Finally, a height weighted correction method is applied to correct the topological effects. The method is applied to LiDAR data acquired in South China, and its effectiveness is tested using 41 field survey plots. The results show that the terrain impacts the canopy height of individual trees in that the downslope side of the tree trunk is elevated and the upslope side is depressed. This further affects the extraction of the location and crown of individual trees. A strong correlation was detected between the slope gradient and the proportions of returns with height differences more than 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 m in the total returns, with coefficient of determination R2 of 0.83, 0.76, and 0.60 (n = 41), respectively.
Predictive value of tracer studies for 131I treatment in hyperthyroid cats (1988)

In 76 cats with hyperthyroidism, peak thyroidal radioiodine (131I) uptakes and effective half-lives were determined after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of 131I. In 6 additional hyperthyroid cats, only peak thyroidal uptakes after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of 131I were determined. Good correlation was found between peak thyroidal uptakes of tracer and therapeutic 131I; however, only fair correlation was observed between effective half-lives. In 79% of the cats, the effective half-life for therapeutic 131I was longer than that for tracer 131I. After administration of therapeutic activity of 131I, monoexponential and biphasic decay curves were observed in 51 and 16 cats, respectively. Using therapeutic kinetic data, radiation doses to the thyroid gland were calculated retrospectively on the basis of 2 methods for determining the activity of 131I administered: (1) actual administration of tracer-compensated activity and (2) hypothetic administration of uniform activity (3 mCi). Because of the good predictive ability of tracer kinetic data for the therapeutic kinetic data, the tracer-compensated radiation doses came significantly (P = 0.008) closer to the therapeutic goal than did the uniform-activity doses. In addition, the use of tracer kinetic information reduced the extent of the tendency for consistently high uniform-activity doses. A manual method for acquiring tracer kinetic data was developed and was an acceptable alternative to computerized techniques. Adoption of this method gives individuals and institutions with limited finances the opportunity to characterize the iodine kinetics in cats before proceeding with administration of therapeutic activities of 131I.
0.6-μm CMOS-Switched-Inductor Dual-Supply Hysteretic Current-Mode Buck Converter (2016)

Microsystems can sense, process, and transmit information between nodes across hospitals, factories, and homes that can save lives, energy, and money. Unfortunately, supplying power with so much embedded functionality is challenging, because while some functions can survive higher noise levels and voltages, others cannot. Power supplies must therefore satisfy several independent outputs without consuming much power or occupying much space. A switched inductor is attractive in this respect because, with only one off-chip inductor, the system can output 80%-90% of the power it draws. Regulating multiple outputs with one inductor, however, links several feedback loops and their reactions to individual and combined loads. The sacrifice for this is usually accuracy in the form of response time. The single-inductor dual-output buck converter presented here uses a hysteretic current loop for this reason: to accelerate the response of the loops used to regulate the outputs. The 0.6-μm CMOS prototype supplies 70 and 50 mA to 1.5- and 2.5-V outputs with 80%-88% power-conversion efficiency and responds to 45-65 mA load dumps within 3.8 μs to keep 1.5 V within ±5% and 2.5 V within ±7%.
Advanced thermoelectric power system investigations for light-duty and heavy duty applications. II (2003)

For pt. I see ibid., p.381-6, 2002. Part II of this two-part paper leverages off the findings in Part I describing the mathematical basis and system modeling approach used in thermoelectric power generation (TEPG) investigations for waste heat recovery in light-duty passenger (LDP) and heavy-duty (HD) vehicles. The TEPG system model has been used to: (1) investigate the behavior and interdependence of important thermal and TEPG design parameters, and (2) compare potential TEPG system power output for a variety of thermal conditions in LDP and HD vehicles. Integrated system modeling and analyses have been performed for: (1) LDP conditions of T/sub exh/ = 700/spl deg/C (973 K) and m/spl dot/h = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg/sec, and (2) HD conditions of T/sub exh/ = 512/spl deg/C (785 K) and m/spl dot//sub h/ = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 kg/sec. Analysis results, TEPG design parameter behavior, thermoelectric (TE) material effects, and interdependence of critical thermal/TE system design parameters are discussed. Interaction of heat exchanger performance and TEPG device performance creates critical system impacts and performance dependencies, which maximize TEPG system power outputs and create preferred heat exchanger and TEPG performance regimes. Part II demonstrates the integrated system analysis approach to heat exchanger/TEPG system performance, allowing NREL to simultaneously quantify these critical system design effects in LDP and HD vehicles. HD vehicle analysis results also indicate that 5-6 kW of electrical energy production is possible using HD vehicle exhaust waste heat.
1.55 µm InAsP/InGaAsP Strained Multiple-Quantum-Well Laser Diodes Grown by Solid-Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2002)

The growth of 1.55-µm-wavelength-range strained InAsP/InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE) using valved cracker cells is investigated. A low growth temperature or large V/III flux ratio is found to be favorable for attaining a high structural quality of highly strained MQW structures; the growth temperature has a critical effect on the sample's optical property. A measured photoluminescence (PL) full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 18.7 meV at room temperature is among the best reported to date for 1.55-µm-wavelength MQW laser structures. Finally, broad-area (BA) separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) MQW lasers were fabricated, and the threshold current density was measured to be 1.4 kA/cm2. This is the first report, to the best of the authors' knowledge, on a 1.55-µm-wavelength-range strained InAsP/InGaAsP MQW laser structure grown by SSMBE.
The Different Sensitive Behaviors of a Hydrogen-Bond Acidic Polymer-Coated SAW Sensor for Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants (2015)

A linear hydrogen-bond acidic (HBA) linear functionalized polymer (PLF), was deposited onto a bare surface acoustic wave (SAW) device to fabricate a chemical sensor. Real-time responses of the sensor to a series of compounds including sarin (GB), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), mustard gas (HD), chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (2-CEES), 1,5-dichloropentane (DCP) and some organic solvents were studied. The results show that the sensor is highly sensitive to GB and DMMP, and has low sensitivity to HD and DCP, as expected. However, the sensor possesses an unexpected high sensitivity toward 2-CEES. This good sensing performance can't be solely or mainly attributed to the dipole-dipole interaction since the sensor is not sensitive to some high polarity solvents. We believe the lone pair electrons around the sulphur atom of 2-CEES provide an electron-rich site, which facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonding between PLF and 2-CEES. On the contrary, the electron cloud on the sulphur atom of the HD molecule is offset or depleted by its two neighbouring strong electron-withdrawing groups, hence, hydrogen bonding can hardly be formed.
Metallothionein--a promising tool for cancer diagnostics. (2009)

The latest research outcomes indicate that metallothionein (MT) levels in peripheral blood and serum from cancer patients can provide many interesting information about type or clinical stage of the disease, or response to therapy. MT plays a key role in transport of essential heavy metals, detoxification of toxic metals and protection of cells against oxidation stress. Serum MT levels of cancer patients are three times higher than control patients (0.5 microM). The elevated MT levels in cancer cells are probably related to their increased proliferation and protection against apoptosis. Automated electrochemical detection of MT allows its serial analysis in a very small volume with excellent sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility and therefore it can be considered as a new tool for cancer diagnosis (Fig. 4, Ref. 55). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
Combinatorial algorithms: generation, enumeration, and search (2000)

Structures and Algorithms What are Combinatorial Algorithms? What are Combinatorial Structures? What are Combinatorial Problems? O-Notation Analysis of Algorithms Complexity Classes Data Structures Algorithm Design Techniques Generating Elementary Combinatorial Objects Combinatorial Generation Subsets k-Element Subsets Permutations More Topics in Combinatorial Generation Integer Partitions Set Partitions, Bell and Stirling Numbers Labeled Trees Catalan Families Backtracking Algorithms Introduction A General Backtrack Algorithm Generating All Cliques Estimating the Size of a Backtrack Tree Exact Cover Bounding Functions Branch-and-Bound Heuristic Search Introduction to Heuristic Algorithms Design Strategies for Heuristic Algorithms A Steepest-Ascent Algorithm for Uniform Graph Partition A Hill-Climbing Algorithm for Steiner Triple Systems Two Heuristic Algorithms for the Knapsack Problem A Genetic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem Groups and Symmetry Groups Permutation Groups Orbits of Subsets Coset Representatives Orbits of k-tuples Generating Objects Having Automorphisms Computing Isomorphism Introduction Invariants Computing Certificates Isomorphism of Other Structures Basis Reduction Introduction Theoretical Development A Reduced Basis Algorithm Solving Systems of Integer Equations The Merkle-Hellman Knapsack System Bibliography Algorithm Index Problem Index Index
Microcomputer‐based Workforce Scheduling (1993)

Service operations managers often attempt to improve labour‐scheduling efficiency through the use of one or more types of scheduling flexibility. Part‐time labour, for example, is one type of scheduling flexibility which is used in many service operations. The use of part‐time workers increases productivity by providing a closer match between the forecast labour requirements and the amount of labour actually scheduled. Demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a microcomputer‐based approach to workforce‐scheduling problems which contain a substantial degree of scheduling flexibility. This approach has particular application to small service firms which may have, or can obtain, microcomputers to schedule their operating personnel. The actual scheduling procedure is designed to produce daily and weekly work schedules simultaneously (i.e. tour schedules) for workers assumed to be of homogeneous skill and ability, such as those employed in a fast‐food restaurant. The application of such an approach in the microcomputer environment would have a significant impact on the ability of small service establishments further to enhance labour utilization through the increased use of workforce‐scheduling flexibility. Clearly demonstrates that a microcomputer‐based workforce‐scheduling model which incorporates a substantial amount of scheduling flexibility, can and should be developed for use in today′s small service organizations.
Aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by redox pair: Ce(IV)–Azo compounds with methylol functional groups and synthesis of copolymers (1994)

Abstract Hydroxyl functional azo compounds have been used as reducing agents in redox polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in conjuction with ceric ammonium nitrate (which acts as an oxidizing agent in aqueous nitric acid at 20°C). Kinetic measurements were followed by gravimetric method, at lower conversions, not exceeding 10% conversion. The dependence of rate of polymerization and average molecular weight, which was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), on azo, Ce(IV), and MMA concentrations, respectively, were investigated. The homopolymers, which contain thermo‐and photolabile azo groups, were utilized with different comonomers to give block or graft copolymers depending on termination mechanism of homopolymerization. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vapochromic Behavior of {Ag<sub>2</sub>(Et<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>[Au(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>}<sub><i>n</i></sub> with Volatile Organic Compounds (2008)

The vapochromic behaviors of {Ag2L2[Au(C6F5)2]2}n (L = Et2O (1), Me2CO (2), THF (3), CH3CN (4)) were studied. {Ag2L2[Au(C6F5)2]2}n (L = Et2O (1)) was synthesized by the reaction of [Bu4N][Au(C6F5)2] with AgOClO3 in 1:1 molar ratio in CH2Cl2/Et2O (1:2). 1 was used as starting material with THF to form {Ag2L2[Au(C6F5)2]2}n (L = THF (3)). 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c and consists of tetranuclear units linked together via aurophilic contacts resulting in the formation of a 1D polymer that runs parallel to the crystallographic z axis. The gold(I) atoms are linearly coordinated to two pentafluorophenyl groups and display additional Au...Ag close contacts within the tetranuclear units with distances of 2.7582(3) and 2.7709(3) A. Each silver(I) center is bonded to the two oxygen atoms of the THF molecules with a Ag-O bond distance of 2.307(3) A. TGA analysis showed that 1 loses two molecules of the coordinated solvent per molecular unit (1st one: 75-100 degrees, second one: 150-175 degrees C), whereas 2, 3, and 4 lose both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fluorinated ligands in a less well defined manner. Each complex loses both the fluorinated ligands and the VOCs by a temperature of about 325 degrees C to give a 1:1 gold/silver product. X-ray powder diffraction studies confirm that the reaction of vapors of VOCs with 1 in the solid state produce complete substitution of the ether molecules by the new VOC. The VOCs are replaced in the order CH3CN > Me2CO > THF > Et2O, with the ether being the easiest to replace. {Ag2(Et2O)2[Au(C6F5)2]2}n and {Ag2(THF)2[Au(C6F5)2]2} n both luminesce at room temperature and at 77 K in the solid state. Emission maxima are independent of the excitation wavelength used below about 500 nm. Emission maxima are obtained at 585 nm (ether) and 544 nm (THF) at room temperature and at 605 nm (ether) and 567 nm (THF) at 77 K.
Electrically guiding migration of human induced pluripotent stem cells (2010)

A major road-block in stem cell therapy is the poor homing and integration of transplanted stem cells with the targeted host tissue.Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are considered an excellent alternative to embryonic stem (ES) cells and we tested the feasibility of using small, physiological electric fields (EFs) to guide hiPS cells to their target.Applied EFs stimulated and guided migration of cultured hiPS cells toward the anode, with a stimulation threshold of <30 mV/mm; in three-dimensional (3D) culture hiPS cells remained stationary, whereas in an applied EF they migrated directionally.This is of significance as the therapeutic use of hiPS cells occurs in a 3D environment.EF exposure did not alter expression of the pluripotency markers SSEA-4 and Oct-4 in hiPS cells.We compared EF-directed migration (galvanotaxis) of hiPS cells and hES cells and found that hiPS cells showed greater sensitivity and directedness than those of hES cells in an EF, while hES cells migrated toward cathode.Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition, a method to aid expansion and survival of stem cells, significantly increased the motility, but reduced directionality of iPS cells in an EF by 70-80%.Thus, our study has revealed that physiological EF is an effective guidance cue for the migration of hiPS cells in either 2D or 3D environments and that will occur in a ROCKdependent manner.Our current finding may lead to techniques for applying EFs in vivo to guide migration of transplanted stem cells.
Reduced replication of Toxoplasma gondii is necessary for induction of bradyzoite-specific antigens: a possible role for nitric oxide in triggering stage conversion (1994)

Stage conversion between tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii was investigated in vitro by using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) as host cells. Following infection of untreated BMMs with tachyzoites, spontaneous expression of bradyzoite-specific antigens (Bsa) occurred at low frequency with Toxoplasma strain-dependent ratios from 0.03 to 2%. As previously described for peritoneal macrophages, activation of tachyzoite-infected BMMs with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or lipopolysaccharide resulted in the induction of Bsa. When bradyzoites were used for infection, prolonged expression of Bsa could be observed in IFN-gamma-activated BMMs. The induction of Bsa expression seemed to be closely linked to parasite multiplication and increased to maximal values of 50 to 70% in intermediately activated macrophages with nitric oxide (NO) levels that allowed reduced parasite replication. Identical results in stage conversion were obtained when sodium nitroprusside was used as a source of exogenous NO, indicating that NO might be a molecular trigger of stage conversion. NO is reactive with iron-sulfur centers in proteins, thereby inhibiting proteins involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Using oligomycin and antimycin A as inhibitors of mitochondrial function, growth inhibition of parasites and induction of Bsa were obtained. Since microglia are the functional correlates of macrophages in the central nervous system and inhibit T. gondii upon activation with IFN-gamma, a similar mechanism might be involved during cyst development in the brain.
Living Conditions, Social Exclusion and Recidivism Among Prison Inmates (2003)

This article examines the importance of living conditions for recidivism following release from prison. How do resource deficiencies in different welfare‐related areas, such as education, employment, the financial situation, housing, social relations and health, affect the risk for recidivism? How important are deficiencies of this kind by comparison with known risk factors associated with levels of previous involvement in crime? The analyses are based on a representative sample of Swedish prison inmates (n=346). Data on their living conditions were collected at interview and were then linked to data on reoffending within three years of release from prison. The findings show inter alia that problems relating to education and employment, but above all an accumulation of different types of resource problems, are clearly correlated with recidivism. They show further that the effect of living conditions and resource deficiencies on reoffending is primarily felt by those who at the time of interview had not previously served time in prison. One possible interpretation looks to different risk factors to explain the onset and continuation of a criminal career. A prison term serves to reduce the opportunities to lead a conventional life – with a legitimate income – and thereby contributes to marginalisation and social exclusion.