gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Exerts Protective Effects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mice (2001)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are intracellular organisms that reside in phagosomes of alveolar macrophages (AMs). To determine the in vivo role of AM depletion in host defense against M. tuberculosis infection, mice with pulmonary tuberculosis induced by intranasal administration of virulent M. tuberculosis were treated intranasally with either liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (AM(-) mice), liposomes, or saline (AM(+) mice). AM(-) mice were completely protected against lethality, which was associated with a reduced outgrowth of mycobacteria in lungs and liver, and a polarized production of type 1 cytokines in lung tissue, and by splenocytes stimulated ex vivo. AM(-) mice displayed deficient granuloma formation, but were more capable of attraction and activation of T cells into the lung and had increased numbers of pulmonary polymorphonuclear cells. These data demonstrate that depletion of AMs is protective during pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bad Data Rejection Properties of Weughted Least Absolute Value Techniques Applied to Static State Estimation (1982)

A new method for obtaining an estimate of the state of a power system using weighted least absolute value (WLAV) techniques is presented. This paper shows how the WLAV estimator simultaneously detects and rejects bad data while obtaining an accurate estimate of the state. The test results presented show that the WLAV estimates, obtained with or without bad data present, are comparable to the estimates obtained by a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator using only good data.
Generalized low density (Tanner) codes (2003)

We build a class of pseudo-random error correcting codes, called generalized low density codes (GLD), from the intersection of two interleaved block codes. GLD code performance approaches the channel capacity limit and the GLD decoder is based on simple and fast SISO (soft input-soft output) decoders of smaller block codes. GLD codes are a special case of Tanner codes and a generalization of Gallager's LDPC codes. It is also proved by an ensemble performance argument that these codes are asymptotically good in the sense of the minimum distance criterion. The flexibility in selecting the parameters of GLD codes makes them suitable for small and large block length forward error correcting schemes.
Esters of Nitrogen-substituted <i>p</i>-Aminobenzoic Acid (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsters of Nitrogen-substituted p-Aminobenzoic AcidJ. M. Fulmer and Howard. BurkettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 4, 1209–1210Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01172a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01172a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression, Gene Cloning, and Characterization of Five Novel Phytases from Four Basidiomycete Fungi: <i>Peniophora lycii, Agrocybe pediades</i> , a <i>Ceriporia</i> sp., and <i>Trametes pubescens</i> (2001)

Phytases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphomonoester bonds of phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), thereby creating lower forms of myo-inositol phosphates and inorganic phosphate. In this study, cDNA expression libraries were constructed from four basidiomycete fungi (Peniophora lycii, Agrocybe pediades, a Ceriporia sp., and Trametes pubescens) and screened for phytase activity in yeast. One full-length phytase-encoding cDNA was isolated from each library, except for the Ceriporia sp. library where two different phytase-encoding cDNAs were found. All five phytases were expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, purified, and characterized. The phytases revealed temperature optima between 40 and 60 degrees C and pH optima at 5.0 to 6.0, except for the P. lycii phytase, which has a pH optimum at 4.0 to 5.0. They exhibited specific activities in the range of 400 to 1,200 U. mg, of protein(-1) and were capable of hydrolyzing phytate down to myo-inositol monophosphate. Surprisingly, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the hydrolysis of phytate by all five basidiomycete phytases showed a preference for initial attack at the 6-phosphate group of phytic acid, a characteristic that was believed so far not to be seen with fungal phytases. Accordingly, the basidiomycete phytases described here should be grouped as 6-phytases (EC 3.1.3.26).
Optimized High Speed UTC Photodiode for 100 Gbit/s Applications (2014)

In this paper we present an optimized high-speed uni-traveling carrier photo-diode (UTC PD) for 100 Gbit/s applications. The designed photodiode operates at 1.55 μm wavelength with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 110 GHz, a dark current of 1 nA at -2 V and a peak saturation current of about 30 mA at -2 V. A 40% bandwidth improvement is achieved by employing new optimized transmission lines (TMLs) to equalize the intrinsic response of the detector. In addition, results of the tested UTC, using 100 Gbit/s NRZ modulation format show considerably improved eye quality.
Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care (2006)

Book Review| August 01 2006 Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care David Mechanic, Lynn B. Rogut, David C. Colby, and James R. Knickman, eds. Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005. 276 pp. $23.95 paper. Joseph White Joseph White Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google J Health Polit Policy Law (2006) 31 (4): 848–859. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2006-006 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Joseph White; Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care. J Health Polit Policy Law 1 August 2006; 31 (4): 848–859. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2006-006 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Health Politics, Policy and Law Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Duke University Press2006 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Review You do not currently have access to this content.
Partisan Polarization in the High-Choice Media Environment (2007)

In uncommon unison, many academics, journalists, and pundits of all political leanings have recently declared that America in the early twentyfirst century is more politically polarized than it used to be. Different observers stress polarization at different levels — in Congress, in the media, among activists, in the electorate, or, simply, in the “50—50 nation.” Polarization at its most general describes a combination of increasing differences of opinion between opposing political camps and more consistent opinions within those camps. Allegedly, there are more consistent differences between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party and fewer differences within the two parties. Observers like to deplore this partisan “warfare” for its lack of bipartisan spirit and hostility to compromise. Perhaps more importantly, a polarized political climate threatens to drive away moderates, regardless of whether it is based on “myth” (Fiorina 2004a) or fact.
Partially ordered sets (1937)

if Postulates 1.1 and 1.2 hold for any elements of K.1.1 Postulate, a c b and bee imply acc.1.2 Postulate, aca.Such a set need not possess simple or linear order and for this reason is commonly called a partially ordered set.J A large part of the theory of simply ordered sets applies, with little or no change, to partially ordered sets.Although the principal objectives of the paper are certain properties of partial order which have either a trivial or no counterpart in the theory of simple order, considerable use is made of the parallelism between the two theories without a systematic development of it.This parallelism makes it natural to call any set which satisfies Postulates 1.1 and 1.2 an ordered set, dropping the word "partially."This convention leads to no confusion in this paper as but scant reference is made to simple order, a c b is read a is contained in b.The relations of equality and equivalence order any set in which they occur.Being a subset of is a relation ordering the subsets of a given set.The relation less than or equal to orders the set of real numbers.A set of propositions is ordered by the relation of implication.An ordering relation can be assigned to any system, such as a Boolean algebra, which has an associative operation with respect to which every element is idempotent.The relations of being homomorphic to and being a subsystem of order any aggregate of classes with a common set of operations.These examples do not begin to exhaust even the
Phase Control of Crystalline Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Films by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (2020)

Ga2O3 has emerged as a promising material for next-generation power electronics. Beyond the most stable and studied β phase, metastable α-, ε-, and κ-Ga2O3 have unique characteristics such as larger bandgaps, potential alloying for dopant and band engineering, and polarization, all of which can be leveraged in electronic device applications. Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) is a conformal, energy-enhanced synthesis method with many advantages including reduced growth temperatures, access to metastable phases, and improved crystallinity. In this study, PEALD was employed to deposit highly resistive, crystalline Ga2O3 films from 265 to 475 °C on c-plane sapphire substrates. Crystallinity, atypical at these low growth temperatures, was presumably due to the high flux of energetic ions to the growth surface independent of other growth parameters. Phase selectivity of β, α, ε(κ)-Ga2O3 was demonstrated as a function of plasma gas composition, gas flow and pressure during the plasma pulse, as well as growth temperature. Factors such as atomic oxygen generation and the flux of energetic ions were found to have a significant impact on the ability to attain metastable phases. Optimum films of each phase were fully characterized to determine the feasibility of PEALD Ga2O3 films. While both high-quality, single-phase β- and α-Ga2O3 films were achieved, ε-Ga2O3 films were not able to be completely isolated and even under the best conditions contained components of β- and κ-Ga2O3 as identified by transmission electron microscopy. Trends suggest that this could be a limitation of the underlying substrate or reactor configuration.
Lysine-Derived Protein-Bound Heyns Compounds in Bakery Products (2017)

Fructose and dicarbonyl compounds resulting from fructose in heated foods have been linked to pathophysiological pathways of several metabolic disorders. Up to now, very little has been known about the Maillard reaction of fructose in food. Heyns rearrangement compounds (HRCs), the first stable intermediates of the Maillard reaction between amino components and fructose, have not yet been quantitated as protein-bound products in food. Therefore, the HRCs glucosyllysine and mannosyllysine were synthesized and characterized by NMR. Protein-bound HRCs in cookies containing various sugars and in commercial bakery products were quantitated after enzymatic hydrolysis by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode through application of the standard addition method. Protein-bound HRCs were quantitated for the first time in model cookies and in commercial bakery products containing honey, banana, and invert sugar syrup. Concentrations of HRCs from 19 to 287 mg/kg were found, which were similar to or exceeded the content of other frequently analyzed Maillard reaction products, such as N-ε-carboxymethyllysine (10-76 mg/kg), N-ε-carboxyethyllysine (2.5-53 mg/kg), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (10-218 mg/kg) in the analyzed cookies. These results show that substantial amounts of HRCs form during food processing. Analysis of protein-bound HRCs in cookies is therefore useful to evaluate the Maillard reaction of fructose.
Specification for dispersed fuel-cell generator (1981)

This preliminary specification provides a general description and performance definition for a standard 11-mw fuel cell power plant designed for electric utility dispersed-generation applications. Additional features available at the option of the purchaser are also described. The power plant can operate singly or grouped with other power plants to produce larger multi-megawatt power stations. A 33-mw station is discussed as representative of multiple power plant installations. The power plant specification defines power rating, heat rate, fuels, operating modes, siting characteristics, and available options. A general description included in the attachments covers equipment, typical site arrangement, auxiliary subsystems, maintenance, fuel flexibility, and general fluid and electrical schematics.
Mobile apps for mood tracking: an analysis of features and user reviews. (2017)

Many mood tracking apps are available on smartphone app stores, but little is known about their features and their users' experiences. To investigate commercially available mood tracking apps, we conducted an in-depth feature analysis of 32 apps, and performed a qualitative analysis of a set of user reviews. Informed by a widely adopted personal informatics framework, we conducted a feature analysis to investigate how these apps support four stages of selftracking: preparation, collection, reflection, and action; and found that mood tracking apps offer many features for the collection and reflection stages, but lack adequate support for the preparation and action stages. Through the qualitative analysis of user reviews, we found that users utilize mood tracking to learn about their mood patterns, improve their mood, and self-manage their mental illnesses. In this paper, we present our findings and discuss implications for mobile apps designed to enhance emotional wellness.
What is the Appropriate Temporal Distance Range for Driving Style Analysis? (2015)

Building human-centered intelligent transport systems (ITSs) requires thorough understanding of the diversified driving styles among drivers. In data-driven driving behavior studies, the temporal distance is deemed as an important variable. However, with respect to the driving style analysis, the appropriate temporal distance range has not been clear yet, and little attention has been drawn to the larger temporal distance that may also have a potential effect on driving style. This paper proposes a new three-layer structure of driving style by using the modified latent Dirichlet allocation (mLDA) model. It is found that the results revealed by the mLDA model based on real driving behavior data are able to align themselves with the results from a driving style questionnaire, and some self-reporting bias is uncovered. More comprehensive driving styles are discovered quantitatively, and the appropriate temporal distance range for driving style analysis is determined. The analyzed results indicate that the time-gap range larger than 10 s are still pivotal and the time-gap range below 20 s is a suitable range for driving style analysis.
An intron within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum. (1993)

The 16S rRNA genes of Pyrobaculum aerophilum and Pyrobaculum islandicum were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the resulting products were sequenced directly. The two organisms are closely related by this measure (over 98% similar). However, they differ in that the (lone) 16S rRNA gene of Pyrobaculum aerophilum contains a 713-bp intron not seen in the corresponding gene of Pyrobaculum islandicum. To our knowledge, this is the only intron so far reported in the small subunit rRNA gene of a prokaryote. Upon excision the intron is circularized. A secondary structure model of the intron-containing rRNA suggests a splicing mechanism of the same type as that invoked for the tRNA introns of the Archaea and Eucarya and 23S rRNAs of the Archaea. The intron contains an open reading frame whose protein translation shows no certain homology with any known protein sequence.
40.1: <i>Distinguished Contributed Paper:</i> Integrated Amorphous Silicon Color Sensor on LCD Panel for LED Backlight Feedback Control System (2005)

Abstract In this paper, we present the feasibility of an optical color sensing feedback system for an LED backlight by integrating the amorphous silicon color sensor onto the LCD panel. To improve the well‐known photoconductivity degradation of amorphous silicon, a new LASER immersion treatment has been applied. The integrated color sensor optical feedback controlled LED backlighting system improved the color variation to less than 0.008 Δu‘v’ (CIE1976) compared with 0.025 for an open loop system over the temperature range of 42°C to 76°C.
TECHNICAL NOTE Deducing structural variations of the apex of probes used in near-field optical microscopy through simultaneous measurement of shear force and evanescent intensity (1996)

We propose a simple method employing the simultaneous detection of evanescent intensity and shear force to deduce variations in the near-field optical morphology of the apex of the probes used in near-field microscopy. Fabrication of our probes involves sharpening by chemical etching, metal coating, and removal of metal from the apex. We show that through the simultaneous measurement of shear force and evanescent intensity, it is possible to detect variations in the optical morphology of the very apex of the probes during near-field imaging by a scanning near-field optical microscope.
Determination of Fluid Corrected Porosity in Tight Gas Sands and in Formations Exhibiting Shallow Invasion Profiles (1981)

ABSTRACT Log-core correlations from four Upper Cretaceous wells in Rocky Mountain basins demonstrate that the axiom "high porosity - shallow invasion, low porosity - deep invasion" is not valid in tight gas sands. The data suggests that the zone of flushing is typically much shallower than the density tool depth of investigation. This results in too high density interpreted porosity in low permeability gas sands. The discrepancy is generally 3-4% porosity in gas sands having 8-12% porosity as determined from core analysis. Rigorous log quality control was maintained in the field. This included monitoring of the before and after density calibration record, multiple repeat runs over the cored intervals, slow logging speed, monitoring of tool stability, and digital logging. Whole core Boyle's Law helium porosity and grain density measurements were made on every foot of potential reservoir sand. Core measurements are depth shifted to log data using a combination of core gamma, lithologic description, and a plotted core data overlay. A crossplot of core porosity versus density log calculated porosity is presented for each well. Log calculated porosities are based upon bulk density, the grain density value of each correlated core measurement, and the customary assumed fluid density of 1.00 g/cc. By combining plots of all four wells, a non-linear trend is established for conversion of apparent density porosity to true porosity. The trend has the characteristic of closure to unity for the higher and very low porosity values, with greatest divergence from unity in the middle porosity range. Formations having higher water saturations show less divergence in the middle porosity range. An iterative mathematical model is developed for calculation of "Sxo" and effective porosity. The "Sxo" is actually the average water saturation of the zone investigated by the PGTK density tool and the CNTA thermal neutron tool. This system provides more reliable porosities and may have application as an indicator of potential formation producibility. The technique also has application in other shallow-invasion type borehole environments, e.g., air-gas drilled holes, oil base systems, and underbalanced drilling systems.
An in Vitro Assay to Study Regulated mRNA Stability (2000)

The examination of posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA in mammalian cells is critical to discovering the role that mRNA plays in the initiation and maintenance of cellular processes. The complexity of the system defies a holistic approach and, therefore, we have devised an in vitro mRNA turnover assay that enables us to elucidate the factors involved in mRNA deadenylation and degradation. Our system, using an S100 HeLa extract and in vitro transcribed RNAs, accurately mimics the end products of mRNA turnover, which have been previously described using in vivo studies and, in addition, allows for the detailed study of factors that may play a role in regulated deadenylation and degradation. Another important aspect of our system is the ease with which it can be manipulated. We can provide any synthetic RNA molecule to the assay to test for specific sequence activity. Furthermore, the results are clear and accurately interpretable. We have demonstrated that our in vitro system accurately deadenylates and decays a capped and polyadenylated RNA molecule in a processive manner without nonspecific nuclease activity. Finally, we have demonstrated regulated instability in vitro using the AU-rich elements (AREs) from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) embedded within the RNA molecule. The presence of the AREs increased the deadenylation and the decay rates seen in vivo. We feel that this system can be expanded and adapted to examine a variety of mRNA regulatory events in mammalian cells.
Why the Standard B3LYP/6-31G* Model Chemistry Should Not Be Used in DFT Calculations of Molecular Thermochemistry: Understanding and Correcting the Problem (2012)

We analyze the error compensations that are responsible for the relatively good performance of the popular B3LYP/6-31G* model chemistry for molecular thermochemistry. We present the B3LYP-gCP-D3/6-31G* scheme, which corrects for missing London dispersion and basis set superposition error (BSSE) in a physically sound manner. Benchmark results for the general main group thermochemistry, kinetics, and noncovalent interactions set (GMTKN30) are presented. A detailed look is cast on organic reactions of several arenes with C(60), Diels-Alder reactions, and barriers to [4 + 3] cycloadditions. We demonstrate the practical advantages of the new B3LYP-gCP-D3/6-31G* scheme and show its higher robustness over standard B3LYP/6-31G*. B3LYP-gCP-D3/6-31G* is meant to fully substitute standard B3LYP/6-31G* calculations in the same black-box sense at essentially no increase in computational cost. The energy corrections are made available by a Web service ( http://www.thch.uni-bonn.de/tc/gcpd3 ) and by freely available software.