gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of spectrally versatile forward-looking ground-penetrating radar for detection of concealed targets (2013)

The design of high-resolution radars which can operate in theater involves a careful consideration of the radar’s radiated spectrum. While a wide bandwidth yields better target detectability and classification, it can also interfere with other devices and/or violate federal and international communication laws. Under the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Partnerships in Research Transition (PIRT) program, we are developing a Stepped-Frequency Radar (SFR) which allows for manipulation of the radiated spectrum, while still maintaining an effective ultra-wide bandwidth for achieving good range resolution. The SFR is a forward-looking, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar capable of detecting concealed targets. This paper presents the research and analysis undertaken during the design of the SFR which will eventually complement an existing ARL system, the Synchronous Impulse REconstruction (SIRE) radar. The SFR is capable of excising prohibited frequency bands, while maintaining the down-range resolution capability of the original SIRE radar. The SFR has two transmit antennas and a 16-element receive antenna array, and this configuration achieves suitable cross-range resolution for target detection. The SFR, like the SIRE radar, is a vehicle mounted, forward-looking, ground penetrating radar (GPR) capable of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology for the detection of subsurface targets via 3D imaging. Many contradicting design considerations are analyzed in this paper. The selection of system bandwidth, antenna types, number of antennas, frequency synthesizers, digitizers, receive amplifiers, wideband splitters, and many other components are critical to the design of the SFR. Leveraging commercial components and SIRE sub-systems were design factors offering an expedited time to the initial implementation of the radar while reducing overall costs. This SFR design will result in an ARL asset to support obscured target detection such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and landmines.
Reduction of Steroid Ketones and other Carbonyl Compounds by Modified Wolff--Kishner Method (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Steroid Ketones and other Carbonyl Compounds by Modified Wolff--Kishner Method[not available]. Huang-MinlonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3301–3303Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01178a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2339Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impaired Natural Killing of MHC Class I-Deficient Targets by NK Cells Expressing a Catalytically Inactive Form of SHP-1 (2000)

NK cell function is negatively regulated by MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors. Transduction of the inhibitory signal involves protein tyrosine phosphatases such as SHP-1 (SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1). To investigate the role of SHP-1 for NK cell development and function, we generated mice expressing a catalytically inactive, dominant-negative mutant of SHP-1 (dnSHP-1). In this paper we show that expression of dnSHP-1 does not affect the generation of NK cells even though MHC receptor-mediated inhibition is partially impaired. Despite this defect, these NK cells do not kill syngeneic, normal target cells. In fact dnSHP-1-expressing NK cells are hyporesponsive toward MHC-deficient target cells, suggesting that non-MHC-specific NK cell activation is significantly reduced. In contrast, these NK cells mediate Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and prevent the engraftment with beta2-microglobulin-deficient bone marrow cells. A similar NK cell phenotype is observed in viable motheaten (mev) mice, which show reduced SHP-1 activity due to a mutation in the Shp-1 gene. In addition, NK cells in both mouse strains show a tendency to express more inhibitory MHC-specific Ly49 receptors. Our results demonstrate the importance of SHP-1 for the generation of functional NK cells, which are able to react efficiently to the absence of MHC class I molecules from normal target cells. Therefore, SHP-1 may play an as-yet-unrecognized role in some NK cell activation pathways. Alternatively, a reduced capacity to transduce SHP-1-dependent inhibitory signals during NK cell development may be compensated by the down-modulation of NK cell triggering pathways.
Suppression of apoptosis by bcl-2 overexpression in lymphoid cells of transgenic zebrafish (2004)

The zebrafish is an attractive vertebrate model for genetic studies of development, apoptosis, and cancer. Here we describe a transgenic zebrafish line in which T- and B-lymphoid cells express a fusion transgene that encodes the zebrafish bcl-2 protein fused to the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Targeting EGFP-bcl-2 to the developing thymocytes of transgenic fish resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in thymocyte numbers and a 1.8-fold increase in GFP-labeled B cells in the kidney marrow. Fluorescent microscopic analysis of living rag2-EGFP-bcl-2 transgenic fish showed that their thymocytes were resistant to irradiation- and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, when compared with control rag2-GFP transgenic zebrafish. To test the ability of bcl-2 to block irradiation-induced apoptosis in malignant cells, we compared the responsiveness of Myc-induced leukemias with and without EGFP-bcl-2 expression in living transgenic zebrafish. T-cell leukemias induced by the rag2-EGFP-Myc transgene were ablated by irradiation, whereas leukemias in double transgenic fish expressing both Myc and EGFP-bcl-2 were resistant to irradiation-induced apoptotic cell death. The forward genetic capacity of the zebrafish model system and the ability to monitor GFP-positive thymocytes in vivo make this an ideal transgenic line for modifier screens designed to identify genetic mutations or small molecules that modify bcl-2-mediated antiapoptotic pathways.
Identification of a 12.5-kD protein from caudate-putamen nucleus as a dopaminergic neuronotrophic factor. (1994)

The effect of the extract from caudate-putamen nucleus of newborn rats (CPe) on the dopaminergic (DA) neurons has been studied. An MTT colorimetric microassay measuring optical densities for the growth of DA neuron cultures reveals a significant increase in growth for cultures with CPe as compared to those without CPe (p < 0.05). Rhodamine retrograde-prelabelled DA neurons were cultured on a Phastgel containing all the electrophoretically separated protein bands from CPe, and able to fish out from it their own trophic factor, a 12.5-kD protein band. The survived neurons at the 12.5-kD protein band were immunostained positive with anti-dopamine antibody. Co-culturing the 12.5 kD-containing gel strip with explants from substantia nigra at a close distance for a week revealed anti-dopamine immunopositive neurites outgrowing from the explants only towards the 12.5-kD gel strip. These results indicate that a 12.5-kD protein from the CPe is capable of maintaining the survival of DA neurons of the substantia nigra and promoting their neurite outgrowth.
Treatment of Symptomatic Large Simple Cysts of the Kidney-A Comparison of Povidone-Iodine Sclerotherapy with Laparoscopic Unroofing (2006)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment of symptomatic large simple cysts of the kidney, we retrospectively analyzed the results of laparoscopic unroofing and compared them with the results of echo-guided percutaneous aspiration with povidone-iodine sclerotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of a total of 20 patients with a symptomatic large simple cyst of the kidney (with a maximal diameter of ＞ 8 cm in all cysts), 10 patients underwent laparoscopic unroofing and another 10 patients underwent single-session povidone-iodine solution instillation after echo-guided aspiration of the cystic fluid. We compared the resolutions of renal cysts and symptoms in a mean of follow-up 11.3 weeks. Successful treatment was defined as relief of symptoms and a decrease in the cyst maximal diameter of over 50%.
RESULTS: The success rate in the laparoscopic unroofing group was much better than in the sclerotherapy group. All patients undergoing laparoscopic unroofing obtained a successful result (100%), while and only 20% of patients in the scierotherapy group achieved successful results (p＜0.001). No major complications were noted in either group.
CONCLUSIONS: For a symptomatic large renal cyst with a maximal diameter exceeding 8cm, laparoscopic unroofing achieved excellent results which were better than those with povidone-iodine sclerotherapy. Laparocopic unroofing can be considered as the first-line therapy in such patients.
Monitoring of fouling deposits: a key to heat exchanger management (2017)

The fouling of heat exchanger and other piping or vessel surfaces can be monitored by measuring pressure, flow, temperature, and heat flux, then using the results to calculate fluid frictional resistance. Results can be employed to evaluate treatments for fouling control and study the effect of equipment configurations and operating conditions on containment buildup.
3D Face Recognition Using Face Feature Points Based on Parallel Stereo Vision (2010)

In this paper, we will present a novel face recognition algorithm using 3D geometric information of the face, which is acquired using parallel stereo vision. Firstly, we present an effective method of detecting facial feature, which mainly depends on the facial skin color information in the YCbCr color space. We define the feature points for the facial feature and compute the depth data of each feature point using the stereo vision principle. At the same time, a mesh generation method based on Ohtake’s mesh clearing method is employed to generate the mesh structure of the face. Finally, we use the nD-PCA algorithm to recognize the mesh data. A simulation was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach. A recognition rate of 95% was achieved. The results demonstrated that our proposed algorithm has satisfactory performance.
A Learning Approach to Wi-Fi Access (2018)

We show experimentally that workload-based AP-STA associations can improve system throughput significantly. We present a predictive model that guides optimal resource allocations in dense Wi-Fi networks and achieves 72-77% of the optimal throughput with varying training data set sizes using a 3-day trace of real cable modem traffic.
Pulse broadening caused by deviations from the optimal index profile (1976)

The excess pulse broadening caused by deviations from the optimal index profile is analyzed for multimode optical fibers. First-order perturbation theory is used to evaluate the effects of arbitrary index perturbations having longitudinal spatial frequencies which are too low to cause mode coupling. A simplified expression is found for the excess pulse broadening in terms of a double integral over a weighting function. Weighting functions are evaluated and used to calculate the effects of two kinds of circularly symmetric perturbations, a Gaussian-shaped bump or dip in the index profile and an oscillating perturbation. These perturbations are found to affect the pulse broadening significantly according to the position and width of the bump and the transverse spatial frequency of the oscillating perturbation. The more narrow bumps and those located at larger core radii are found to have the greatest effect. For a typical multimode fiber, perturbations making 2-18 oscillations along the radius are found to cause significant increases in pulse broadening, while more rapid oscillations are found to have negligible effect. These results indicate the type and degree of index profile control required to keep the pulse broadening below a specified level.
Proteomic analysis of scleroderma lesional skin reveals activated wound healing phenotype of epidermal cell layer (2008)

Consistent with previous models of SSc pathogenesis these data are showing increased contractility, increased extracellular matrix and response to oxidative stress in the involved skin of recent onset SSc patients. In addition, we show that SSc epidermis has an activated, wound healing phenotype. These findings are important because epidermal cells activated by injury induce and regulate local fibroblasts during wound repair.
Subcellular distribution and physicochemical properties of scrapie‐associated precursor protein and relationship with scrapie agent (1990)

We studied the biologic properties of hamster-adapted scrapie (strain 263K) and its relationship to the precursor protein of scrapie (PrP33-35Sc). The highest titer of infectious material and the greatest concentration of PrP33-35Sc were in the fractions containing microsomal and synaptosomal membranes. We found traces of infectivity in the absence of PrP33-35Sc associated with matrix protein. Partitioning of membranes with neutral chloroform-methanol resulted in concentration of PrP33-35Sc and infectivity within the interphase layer. Recombination of membrane glycoproteins (interphase) with lipids extracted from homologous brains decreased infectivity greater than or equal to 4 logs. Temperature-dependent phase separation of infected synaptosomal and microsomal membranes with Triton X-114 yielded a phospholipid-rich phase containing a high concentration of PrP33-35Sc and greatest infectivity titers. This material spontaneously formed liposomes, indicating that PrP33-35Sc and PrP33-35C precursor proteins are highly hydrophobic intrinsic membrane components integrated with phospholipids. Homologous membrane phospholipids appear to prevent aggregation of the scrapie isoform of PrP and maintain high levels of infectivity.
“Ryanopathies” and RyR2 dysfunctions: can we further decipher them using in vitro human disease models? (2021)

The regulation of intracellular calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) homeostasis is fundamental to maintain normal functions in many cell types. The ryanodine receptor (RyR), the largest intracellular calcium release channel located on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER), plays a key role in the intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> handling. Abnormal type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) function, associated to mutations (ryanopathies) or pathological remodeling, has been reported, not only in cardiac diseases, but also in neuronal and pancreatic disorders. While animal models and in vitro studies provided valuable contributions to our knowledge on RyR2 dysfunctions, the human cell models derived from patients' cells offer new hope for improving our understanding of human clinical diseases and enrich the development of great medical advances. We here discuss the current knowledge on RyR2 dysfunctions associated with mutations and post-translational remodeling. We then reviewed the novel human cellular technologies allowing the correlation of patient's genome with their cellular environment and providing approaches for personalized RyR-targeted therapeutics.
Diesel engine emissions prediction using parallel neural networks (2009)

Emission legislation has forced the pace of development of engine management functions. Legislation that will be applied to diesel engines during the period 2010–2020 continue to put great emphasis on both nitrogen oxides NO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> and particulate matter (PM). With the increasing effort to reduce emissions and maintain fuel economy manufacturers are focussing on engine control. Engine control requires data acquisition and acquisition requires sensors, but hardware in the form of sensors adds further cost to the production. As a result, so called virtual sensors are introduced. These are estimators that predict the required data, which is costly to measure or simply incapable of measurement. In this paper a parallel neural network structure is built. It consists of three Non-linear autoregressive exogenous input (NLARX) neural network models used to predict the smoke emissions of a diesel engine operated in a Non-Road-Transient Cycle. Existing resources from Matlab toolboxes are used in order to monitor both the cost and computational expenses of analysis. The data is re-ordered into training and validation sets and processed. To overcome the weakness of the neural network approach in respect of high frequency signals, the data is divided into layers to split up the frequencies and cut high amplitudes. Three horizontal layers of the signal are processed in parallel through independent NLARX-models and their performances are added to give an overall result.
Dual-layer thermal nanoimprint lithography without dry etching (2012)

We report a novel dual-layer thermal nanoimprint with non-compatible polymer layers—poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Depending on mold depth, pattern size and polymer layer thickness, the dual-layer thermal nanoimprint can yield two different patterning results—single-layer patterning and double-layer patterning. The single-layer patterning is successfully performed with a delicate PMMA volume control and a very thin P3HT layer. Double-layer patterning is achieved when a thick and smooth P3HT layer is formed under a thin PMMA layer. Based on the mixing temperature as well as the glass transition temperatures of both polymers, the optimal nanoimprint temperature range is determined for dual-layer thermal nanoimprint. Because the pattern definition is completed without a dry etching step, this patterning technique can be applied to organic functional materials whose electrical properties can be critically degraded when exposed to oxygen dry etching in conventional thermal nanoimprint. The dual-layer thermal nanoimprint is expected to find important applications in the fabrication of high-performance organic electronic devices.
Design and development of a cooperative shopping system with shared discussion space (2003)

At current on-line shops, buyers almost independently enjoy shopping without anyone's help. However there are many cases when they cooperate with people such as personal advisers or salespersons at real shops, especially at apparel shops. In the process of cooperation many evaluation data on candidate products are exchanged between buyers and personal advisers. These evaluation data can be used for various services and marketing activities at the shop side. We propose a shared discussion space for cooperative users by sharing information on candidate products and evaluation data on them. The shared discussion space provides a dynamic configuration mechanism from many viewpoints of criteria in order to help buyers to decide which item to buy.
Evolutionary Algorithms for Reinforcement Learning (1999)

There are two distinct approaches to solving reinforcement learning problems, namely, searching in value function space and searching in policy space. Temporal difference methods and evolutionary algorithms are well-known examples of these approaches. Kaelbling, Littman and Moore recently provided an informative survey of temporal difference methods. This article focuses on the application of evolutionary algorithms to the reinforcement learning problem, emphasizing alternative policy representations, credit assignment methods, and problem-specific genetic operators. Strengths and weaknesses of the evolutionary approach to reinforcement learning are presented, along with a survey of representative applications.
Constitutive Cyclooxygenase-1 and Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 in Isolated Human Iris Inhibited by S(+) Flurbiprofen (2000)

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the human iris before and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to determine the selectivity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), S(+) flurbiprofen, for inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 in homogenates of this tissue. Spotblots were made of extracts of human iris in the absence and presence of LPS plus acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). After reacting with anti-COX-1 and anti-COX-2 immunoglobulin G, the presence of both immunoreactive COX enzymes was substantiated using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Authentic COX-1 and COX-2 were used as controls. Using an enzyme immune assay (EIA), the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was quantified in tissue homogenates of human iris under the same conditions as described above. S(+) flurbiprofen was added to tissue homogenates in order to determine the inhibitory effect on PGE2 production. Half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of S(+) flurbiprofen for the PGE2 production in the tissue homogenates were determined from concentration inhibition curves. The selectivity of S(+) flurbiprofen for inhibition of COX-1 was expressed as the ratio of IC50 for COX-2/COX-1. Spotblots of nonstimulated iris-extracts showed positive staining for COX-1 immunoreactivity (-ir) only. After incubation with LPS plus acetylsalicylic acid, positive staining was observed for both COX-1-ir and COX-2-ir. Concentrations of PGE2 released from homogenates of untreated iris varied from 1.5-4 ng/ml, and of LPS-stimulated tissue from 10-20 ng/ml of assay mixture. S(+) flurbiprofen inhibited PGE2 production of untreated tissue homogenates at an IC50 of 8 x 10(-10) M whereas, in the stimulated tissue, IC50 was found to be 3 x 10(-6) M. The selectivity of S(+) flurbiprofen for inhibition of constitutively present COX-1, relative to the inhibition of induced COX-2, was 3,600. Our results indicate that specific expression of COX isoforms in normal human iris was substantiated at the protein level by immunoreaction on spotblots. COX-1 represents the constitutively present enzyme, and COX-2 appears after stimulation with LPS. At the functional level, S(+) flurbiprofen possesses a specificity for COX-1 in inhibiting PGE2 production.