gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and expression of the rice class‐I type histone deacetylase genes <i>OsHDAC1–3</i>: <i>OsHDAC1</i> overexpression in transgenic plants leads to increased growth rate and altered architecture (2003)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate chromatin structure and transcription. HDACs have been studied as negative regulators in eukaryotic transcription. We isolated the rice OsHDAC1-3 genes for class I-type histone deacetylases, which are related to the RPD3 family. The OsHDAC1 gene encoded a protein of approximately 57 kDa that shared 73.5, 72.7, 79.9, and 57.1% amino acid sequence identity with the OsHDAC2, OsHDAC3, maize RPD3, and human HDAC1 proteins, respectively. Genomic structures and Southern blot analyses revealed that OsHDAC1-3 contained seven, six, and seven exons, respectively, and constituted a class I-type family in the rice genome. OsHDAC1 was expressed at similar levels in the leaves, roots, and callus cells, whereas OsHDAC2 and 3 were expressed in the roots and callus cells, but not in the leaves, exhibiting distinct tissue specificity. To explore the role of histone deacetylases in transgenic plants, we inserted the OsHDAC1 cDNA fragment into the expression vector Ai::OsHDAC1 under the control of the ABA-inducible promoter Ai, and transformed the construct into rice. Levels of mRNA, protein, and HDAC activity were significantly increased in Ai::OsHDAC1 callus cells. The amount of tetra-acetylated H4 in the transgenic cells was greatly reduced, and the reduction was abolished upon treatment with trichostatin A. These results demonstrate that OsHDAC1 overexpression in transgenic cells both yields enzymatically active HDAC complexes and induces changes in histone acetylation in vivo. The overexpression leads to a range of novel phenotypes, involving increased growth rate and altered plant architecture, suggesting that OsHDAC1 functions in the genome-wide programming of gene expression.
Peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase inhibitors (2005)

Designed peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) inhibitors of Pin1, cyclophilin (CyP), and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the design, structure, and biological activity of the inhibitors. While CyP and FKBP inhibitors have been explored fairly thoroughly, inhibitors of the relatively new Pin1 cell cycle regulator are in their infancy. Ligands designed for Pin1 and CyP have primarily been ground state analogues: alkenes and bicyclic compounds. For FKBP, more of the focus has been on analogues of bonds at the reactive center, the prolyl amide, because of the idea that the alpha-ketoamide of FK506 is an analogue of the twisted amide in the transition state.
Chemical vapor deposition of ruthenium and osmium thin films using (hexafluoro-2-butyne)tetracarbonylruthenium and -osmium (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical vapor deposition of ruthenium and osmium thin films using (hexafluoro-2-butyne)tetracarbonylruthenium and -osmiumYoshihide Senzaki, Wayne L. Gladfelter, and Fred B. McCormickCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 12, 1715–1721Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00036a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Tedanolide: a potent cytotoxic macrolide from the Caribbean sponge Tedania ignis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTedanolide: a potent cytotoxic macrolide from the Caribbean sponge Tedania ignisFrancis J. Schmitz, Sarath P. Gunasekera, Gopichand Yalamanchili, M. Bilayet Hossain, and Dick Van der HelmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 23, 7251–7252Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00335a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00335a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electron beam writing of continuous resist profiles for optical applications (1992)

This article reports on progress in the fabrication by e-beam lithography of high resolution, continuous-relief microstructures for integrated optical applications in the visible and near infrared. The microstructures are designed for subsequent replications from an electroformed metal shim by embossing into polymer films on glass. The objective of this work is to fabricate complete integrated optical devices and circuits by low-cost embossing or casting replication technology.
Scattering from periodic arrays of crossed dipoles (1979)

An analysis is presented for calculating the scattering from periodic arrays of symmetrical crossed dipoles. It is shown that in general the reflection coefficient versus frequency of symmetrical crossed-dipole arrays exhibits two distinct resonances, which occur when the dipole elements are on the order of a half-wavelength long. The analysis reveals also the presence of an antiresonance, which occurs at a frequency between the two resonances. At the antiresonant frequency the array reflection coefficient is zero. Thus, within a relatively narrow frequency band, the array reflection characteristics traverse the extremes of complete reflection followed by no reflection, and finally by complete reflection again. The anomalous reflection versus frequency behavior in such arrays is shown to be directly attributable to two distinct resonances excited in the crossed elements. For an isolated crossed dipole, it is shown that the total induced current can be approximately represented by two uncoupled current components. The current components induced on the same elements in an array, however, are coupled to one another through interaction with neighboring elements. The coupling results in complete cancellation of the total bistatic array scattering, at a frequency which lies between the two component current resonant frequencies.
Schizophrenia and Strabismus (1995)

Krakauer, Eric L. M.D., Ph.D.; Goldstein, Lee E. M.D., Ph.D.; Sernyak, Michael J. M.D.; Woods, Scott W. M.D. Author Information
Identification of phthalate esters in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls with premature breast development. (2000)

Premature breast development (thelarche) is the growth of mammary tissue in girls younger than 8 years of age without other manifestations of puberty. Puerto Rico has the highest known incidence of premature thelarche ever reported. In the last two decades since this serious public health anomaly has been observed, no explanation for this phenomenon has been found. Some organic pollutants, including pesticides and some plasticizers, can disrupt normal sexual development in wildlife, and many of these have been widely used in Puerto Rico. This investigation was designed to identify pollutants in the serum of Puerto Rican girls with premature thelarche. A method for blood serum analysis was optimized and validated using pesticides and phthalate esters as model compounds of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recovery was > 80% for all compounds. We performed final detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We analyzed 41 serum samples from thelarche patients and 35 control samples. No pesticides or their metabolite residues were detected in the serum of the study or control subjects. Significantly high levels of phthalates [dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and di-(2-ethylhexyl)] and its major metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were identified in 28 (68%) samples from thelarche patients. Of the control samples analyzed, only one showed significant levels of di-isooctyl phthalate. The phthalates that we identified have been classified as endocrine disruptors. This study suggests a possible association between plasticizers with known estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity and the cause of premature breast development in a human female population.
The high cost of prescription drugs: causes and solutions (2020)

Global spending on prescription drugs in 2020 is expected to be ~$1.3 trillion; the United States alone will spend ~$350 billion 1 . These high spending rates are expected to increase at a rate of 3-6% annually worldwide. The magnitude of increase is even more alarming for cancer treatments that account for a large proportion of prescription drug costs. In 2018, global spending on cancer treatments was approximately 150 billion, and has increased by >10% in each of the past 5 years 2 .
Low power arcjet thruster pulse ignition (1987)

An investigation of the pulse ignition characteristics of a 1 kW class arcjet using an inductive energy storage pulse generator with a pulse width modulated power converter identified several thruster and pulse generator parameters that influence breakdown voltage including pulse generator rate of voltage rise. This work was conducted with an arcjet tested on hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixtures to simulate fully decomposed hydrazine. Over all ranges of thruster and pulser parameters investigated, the mean breakdown voltages varied from 1.4 to 2.7 kV. Ignition tests at elevated thruster temperatures under certain conditions revealed occasional breakdowns to thruster voltages higher than the power converter output voltage. These post breakdown discharges sometimes failed to transition to the lower voltage arc discharge mode and the thruster would not ignite. Under the same conditions, a transition to the arc mode would occur for a subsequent pulse and the thruster would ignite. An automated 11 600 cycle starting and transition to steady state test demonstrated ignition on the first pulse and required application of a second pulse only two times to initiate breakdown.
An algorithm for simultaneously bracketing parallel texts by aligning words (1995)

We describe a grammarless method for simultaneously bracketing both halves of a parallel text and giving word alignments, assuming only a translation lexicon for the language pair. We introduce inversion-invariant transduction grammars which serve as generative models for parallel bilingual sentences with weak order constraints. Focusing on Wansduction grammars for bracketing, we formulate a normal form, and a stochastic version amenable to a maximum-likelihood bracketing algorithm. Several extensions and experiments are discussed.
PCR‐mediated seamless gene deletion and marker recycling in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

Repeated gene manipulations can be performed in yeast by excision of an introduced marker. Cassette modules containing a marker flanked by two direct repeat sequences of hisG or loxP have often been used for marker recycling, but these leave one copy of the repeats in the chromosome after excision. Genomic copies of a repeat can cause increased mistargeting of constructs containing the same repeats or unexpected chromosomal rearrangements via intra- or interchromosomal recombinations. Here, we describe a novel marker recycling procedure that leaves no scar in the genome, which we have designated seamless gene deletion. A 40 base sequence derived from an adjacent region to the targeted locus was placed in an integrating construct to generate direct repeats after integration. Seamless HIS3 deletion was achieved via a PCR fragment that consisted of a URA3 marker attached to a 40 base repeat-generating sequence flanked by HIS3 targeting sequences at both ends. Transformation of the designed construct resulted in his3 disruption and the generation of 40 base direct repeats on both sides of URA3 in the targeted locus. The resulting his3::URA3 disruptants were plated on 5-fluoroorotic acid medium to select for URA3 loss. All the selected colonies had lost URA3 precisely by recombination between the repeats, resulting in his3 deletion without any extraneous sequences left behind in the chromosome.
LiDAR - Stereo Camera Fusion for Accurate Depth Estimation (2020)

Dense 3D reconstruction of the surrounding environment is one the fundamental way of perception for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS). In this field, accurate 3D modeling finds applications in many areas like obstacle detection, object tracking, and remote driving. This task can be performed with different sensors like cameras, LiDARs, and radars. Each one presents some advantages and disadvantages based on the precision of the depth, the sensor cost, and the accuracy in adverse weather conditions. For this reason, many researchers have explored the fusion of multiple sources to overcome each sensor limit and provide an accurate representation of the vehicle's surroundings. This paper proposes a novel post-processing method for accurate depth estimation, based on a patch-wise depth correction approach, to fuse data from LiDAR and stereo camera. This solution allows for accurate edges and object boundaries preservation in multiple challenging scenarios.
A peptide corresponding to GPIIb alpha 300-312, a presumptive fibrinogen gamma-chain binding site on the platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa, inhibits the adhesion of platelets to at least four adhesive ligands. (1992)

The platelet fibrinogen (Fg) receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) is an integrin which plays a critical role in hemostasis by recognizing at least the four adhesive ligands: Fg, fibronectin (Fn), vitronectin (Vn), and von Willebrand factor (vWf). We reported that residues 309-312 of GPIIb alpha appear to comprise at least part of a Fg binding site on the Fg receptor (Gartner, T. K., and Taylor, D. B. (1990) Thromb. Res. 60, 291-309). Here we report that the peptide GPIIb alpha 300-312 (G13) inhibits platelet aggregation and binds Fg and Vn. Significantly, this peptide inhibits the adhesion of stimulated platelets to Fg, Fn, Vn, and vWf, but not the adhesion of resting platelets to Fn. Thus, GPIIb 300-312 may constitute a specific but common recognition site on GPIIb/IIIa for both LGGAKQAGDV- and RGD-containing ligands.
Toward an Ideal Synthesis of Oligonucleotides: Development of a Novel Phosphoramidite Method with High Capability (2001)

Abstract Several novel methods for reliably carrying out the oligonucleotide synthesis via the phosphoramidite strategy have been developed. The first is the method using allyloxycarbonyl and allyl groups for the protection of nucleoside bases and internucleotide linkages, respectively. These protectors can be cleanly removed under almost neutral conditions with a mixture of an organic Pd(0) complex such as Pd[P(C6H5)3]4 or Pd2[(C6H5CH=CH)2CO]3·CHCl3, and P(C6H5)3 in the presence of a nucleophile such as butylammonium formate, diethylammonium hydrogencarbonate, diethylammonium carbonate, or dimedone. A method for the facile oxidation of nucleoside phosphites to phosphates has been developed; this is performed under non-aqueous and non-basic conditions using 2-butanone peroxide in dichloromethane, t-butyl hydroperoxide in toluene, or bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide in dichloromethane. The combined use of the N-allyloxycarbonyl/P–O-allyl-protected method and anhydrous/non-basic oxidation is extremely useful for the synthesis of nucleotide derivatives sensitive to moisture and/or bases, producing them in higher yield and at a greater level of purity than the existing methods using acyl or aroyl and cyanoethyl groups for the protection of nucleoside bases and internucleotide linkages, respectively, and iodine in aqueous pyridine for the oxidation. Further, acid/azole complexes serving as highly useful activators of phosphoramidites have been invented. The reagents include imidazolium triflate, N-(phenyl)imidazolium triflate, benzimidazolium triflate, and N-(methyl)benzimidazolium triflate, which allow higher-yield synthesis of oligonucleotides than conventionally employed 1H-tetrazole and related reagents. For example, synthesis of oligoribonucleotides via the allyloxycarbonyl/allyl-protected strategy has been carried out more efficiently using N-(phenyl)imidazolium triflate as a promoter than 5-(ethylthio)-1H-tetrazole, which has been found to be the most effective promoter among those currently available for oligoribonucleotide synthesis. Further, imidazolium triflate has opened the door to the extremely convenient and efficient synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides without nucleoside-base protection. This method is obviously advantageous over N-protected methods because it eliminates tedious operations and the use of superfluous reagents required for the introduction and removal of the N-protecting group; risks of decomposition and loss of product by protection and deprotection are also avoided. Facile liquid-phase preparation of short oligomers has also been developed; this is successfully accomplished using stoichiometric amounts of building blocks by the aid of an equimolar amount of azolium reagent or a catalytic amount of 5-(p-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole. These two methods are beneficial from an economical point of view, particularly in large-scale synthesis.
Digital libraries and the future of the library profession (2007)

Purpose To argue that unique contemporary cultural shifts are leading to a new form of librarianship that can be characterised as “postmodern” in nature, and that this form of professional specialism will be increasingly influential in the decades to come. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical piece based on ideas from cultural history. Findings That postmodern library and information science (LIS) concepts will be a vital new strand to professional practice, but they will most likely subsist alongside more familiar concepts of practice which have proved readily applicable in the early years of “first wave” web technologies. Research limitations/implications These are purely conceptual approaches to LIS and need to be investigated evidentially. Practical implications The change from “first wave” web technologies to Web 2.0 information technologies may have a greater impact on future techniques in digital librarianship than the change from print to the first electronic libraries in the 1990s. Originality/value This LIS paper is distinctive in that it borrows original ideas from the humanities to offer an understanding of LIS practice in the context of broad “cultural theory”, rather than in the narrower context of change in mechanical and technological processes.
Mechanisms for the Formation of Diamides and Polyamides by Aminolysis of <scp>d</scp>‐Glucaric Acid Esters (2003)

1H and 13C NMR were employed to chart the conversion of the five‐membered lactone esters methyl d‐glucarate 1,4‐lactone (1) and ethyl d‐glucarate 6,3‐lactone (5) to N,N′‐dipropyl‐d‐glucaramide with n‐propylamine in DMSO‐d6. These experiments were carried out to model the amide forming steps in polycondensation reactions between esterified d‐glucaric acid and diamines to give poly(d‐glucaramides). It was clear from the resulting NMR spectra that the lactones 1 and 5 were each converted in three consecutive steps to the product diamides; aminolysis of the lactone ester to the corresponding acyclic N‐propyl‐d‐glucaramide monoester, followed by lactonization to a five‐membered lactone amide, and concluding with aminolyis of the lactone amide to N,N′‐dipropyl‐d‐glucaramide (4). Comparison of the reaction pathways from 1 and 5 by 1H NMR analysis suggests that ring opening of the 1,4‐lactone ester (1) and 1,4‐lactone amide (7) is faster than ring opening of the corresponding 6,3‐lactone ester (5) and 6,3‐lactone amide (3). Aminolysis of dimethyl l‐tartrate, which cannot form a five‐membered lactone, with n‐propylamine in DMSO‐d6 was much slower than aminolysis of esterified glucaric acid, indicating that the lactone forming/lactone aminolysis steps are the dominant aminolysis rate enhancing steps from glucarate.
Tobacco smoke exposure and multiplexed immunoglobulin E sensitization in children: a population‐based study (2015)

The association between tobacco smoke exposure and IgE sensitization to environmental allergens varies for different allergens among children. This study demonstrates that elevated serum cotinine levels are significantly associated with IgE sensitization to cockroaches, grass pollen, and certain foods, with potential dose-dependent relationships.
IA-TCP: A rate based incast-avoidance algorithm for TCP in data center networks (2012)

In recent years, the data center networks commonly accommodate applications such as MapReduce and web search that inherently shows the incast communication pattern; multiple workers simultaneously transmit TCP data to a single aggregator. In this environment, the TCP performance is significantly degraded in terms of goodput and query completion time, as a result of the severe packet loss at Top of Rack (ToR) switches. The TCP senders aggressively transmit packets causing throughput collapse even though the network pipe size, i.e., bandwidth-delay product, is extremely small. In this paper, we introduce a novel end-to-end congestion control algorithm called IA-TCP that avoids the TCP incast congestion problem effectively. IA-TCP employs the rate-based algorithm at the aggregator node, which controls both the window size of workers and ACK delay. Through extensive NS-2 simulations, we validate that our algorithm is scalable in terms of the number of workers achieving enhanced goodput and zero timeouts.