gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Proliferation (2004)

Untransformed HCEC can be successfully cultured from the corneas of both young and older donors by using care in the selection of donor material. Care must also be taken in the early phases of endothelial cell isolation to obtain maximal numbers of healthy cells for culture. There appear to be true age-related differences in overall proliferative capacity; however, the relative response to specific growth factors was similar in cells from young and older donors. Results of these studies provide guidelines for successful growth of untransformed HCEC for use in regenerative medicine.
Chemical Modification of Recombinant HIV-1 Capsid Protein p24 Leads to the Release of a Hidden Epitope Prior to Changes of the Overall Folding of the Protein (1996)

It was found that the affinity of a monoclonal antibody directed against a recombinantly expressed HIV-1 capsid protein p24 (rp24) strongly increased after chemical modification of the Iysine residues of rp24 with different amounts of maleic anhydride. The extent and the sites of modification were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Unmodified rp24 and the differently modified rp24 samples were tested for binding the murine monoclonal antibody CB4-1 which recognizes the epitope GATPQDLNTML comprising residues 46-56 of rp24. An increase in the number of modified lysine residues led to enhanced binding affinity of CB4-1. Most pronounced effects were observed after substitution of the first amino groups: an average number of three modified residues per protein molecule increases the binding affinity by a factor of 23, but the substitution of the remaining nine residues increases the binding affinity only by a factor of 11. Fully modified rp24 variant proteins were bound by CB4-1 with Kd values comparable to that of the peptide epitope. Conformation and stability of the unmodified rp24, highly (rp24F, 9 residues; rp24G, 11 residues) modified, and fully modified protein (rp24I, 11 lysine residues and N-terminus) were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy under different solvent conditions. Little difference in conformation and unfolding behavior was observed between the unmodified and highly modified rp24, which differ drastically in the antibody binding behavior. The fully modified sample, however, displayed a significant decrease in alpha-helical content. Thus, the epitope seems to be hidden (cryptotope) in the unmodified rp24 in a low-affinity binding conformation and becomes displayed at low levels of chemical modification which obviously induce subtle structural changes prior to changes of the overall folding observable by spectroscopic means.
Nursing Management of Adriamycin Extravasation (1979)

Barlock, Audrey L. R.N.1; Howser, Dianne M. R.N., B.S.2; Hubbard, Susan M. R.N., B.S.2 Author Information
Neutron Capture Therapy (1990)

Analytical methods are developed to simulate on a large digital computer the production and use of reactor neutron beams f or boron capture therapy of brain tumors. The simulation accounts for radiaticn dose distributions in tissue produced by fast neutrons and by neutron capture reaction products such as gamma rays, C-particles, protons, and heavy particles. These techniques are applied to optimize the effectiveness of the M.I.T. Reactor Medical Therapy Facility through a survey of the effects of neutron filters and of modifications to the beam collimation system. Neutron beams reflected from thin slabs of hydrogenous materials are shown to have an improved ability to effec-tively irradiate a deep tumor without destroying normal tissue above it because relatively few fast neutrons are reflected. Considerable improvements in thermal neutron distribution in tissue are shown to result from surrounding the head with a neutron-reflecting annulus to
Potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of stroke (2009)

Stroke is common, with a high rate of disability and death, and current therapies are both highly time sensitive and carry some risk, making rapid diagnosis important. Many cases of stroke are difficult to diagnose clinically during the acute phase, and there are limitations to the ability of diagnostic imaging to help with the necessary speed. A reliable and valid biomarker would be invaluable for this common clinical situation, as it has been with myocardial infarction. A large number of molecules have been evaluated for this role, both in the laboratory and in patients, but the results to date have been disappointing. In this article, we review the operative concepts in the search for a diagnostic biomarker of stroke, a few of the promising candidates and the current challenges to validation.
Five‐week red cell storage with preservation of 2,3 DPG (1988)

The 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) content of red cells stored in current anticoagulant-preservative products decreases rapidly after the first few days of storage, and by 3 weeks the red cells are essentially depleted of 2,3 DPG. Because ascorbic acid and ascorbate-2-phosphate (A-2-P) are effective in maintaining erythrocyte 2,3 DPG during liquid preservation, ascorbate was stabilized through autoclaving and subsequent storage by adding it as the trisodium salt of A-2-P to a phosphate-adenine-saline solution at a pH of 8.5 to 9.0. Red cell concentrates prepared from blood drawn into citrate-phosphate-double-dextrose were supplemented with the A-2-P additive solution (AS-4) and studied in vitro and in vivo. Mean 2,3 DPG values for 22 units were 147.6, 113.5, and 82.3 percent of initial value after storage for 3, 4, and 5 weeks, respectively. Maintenance of 2,3 DPG was at the expense of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which fell to as low as 22.2 percent of initial value after 5 weeks. Despite the low ATP values, the 24 hour 51Cr-labeled red cell recoveries averaged 80.8 and 74.1 percent after 4 and 5 weeks of storage, respectively. The AS-4 system provides a red cell product with acceptable viability and improved oxygen off-loading function.
The role of spread excitation and suppression in simultaneous masking (1997)

This experiment was intended to clarify the relative role of spread of excitation and suppression in simultaneous masking, for masker frequencies just below and well below the signal frequency. The experiment had two stages. In stage 1, growth-of-masking functions were measured in simultaneous masking for a 2200-Hz sinusoidal signal and a sinusoidal masker with frequency of either 1800 Hz or 500 Hz. Straight lines fitted to these data were used to determine masker levels that would give 10, 20, and 30 dB of masking. In stage 2, thresholds for detecting a brief 2200-Hz signal were measured using forward masking. It was reasoned that the threshold of the signal would give an indication of the amount of excitation evoked by the masker in the frequency region of the signal. Three forward maskers were used: (1) a 2200-Hz sinusoid at 10, 20, or 30 dB sensation level (SL); (2) a 2200-Hz sinusoid at the same levels as in (1) together with a sinusoid with frequency 500 or 1800 Hz at a level just sufficient to mask the 2200-Hz sinusoid. We refer to this as the "combined masker," (3) a 500-Hz or 1800-Hz sinusoid at the same levels as in (2) above. The 1800-Hz combined masker produced slightly less forward masking than the 2200-Hz masker (1), which might be explained in terms of suppression or as perceptual cueing. Both the 1800-Hz combined masker and the 1800-Hz component alone (3) gave significant amounts of forward masking (up to 18 dB), indicating that these maskers produced substantial excitation at 2200 Hz. This is consistent with the idea that the simultaneous masking of the 2200-Hz component in stage 1 was produced by spread of excitation rather than by suppression. The 500-Hz combined masker produced much less forward masking than the 2200-Hz component alone, indicating strong suppression of the 2200-Hz component of the combined masker by the 500-Hz component. However, both the 500-Hz combined masker and the 500-Hz component alone produced some forward masking. This is not consistent with the idea that masking of the 2200-Hz component in stage 1 (simultaneous masking) was produced solely by suppression.
Edge based technique to estimate number of clusters in k-means color image segmentation (2010)

K-Means algorithm is an unsupervised clustering algorithm that classifies the input data points into multiple classes based on their inherent distance from each other. Success of k-means color image segmentation depends on parameter k. If numbers of clusters are estimated correctly, k-means image segmentation can provide good results. This paper proposes a novel method based on edge detection to estimate number of clusters automatically. Edges are detected in terms of phase congruency. Short edges reflect the local character in image while long edges are more important to estimate number of clusters. The short edges are eliminated. Edge line clustering is used to group long edges based on color similarity. For grouping color similar edges average color of each edge is calculated. Euclidean distance on average color of each pair of edges is calculated. Long edges assigned same label if Euclidean distance on average color is less. We have estimated the number of clusters in image using edge line clustering. The number of edges left after edge line clustering is thought as number of clusters in image. This value is used as value of k for k-means image segmentation.
Ultrasonic and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for non-destructive diagnostics of cable systems (2004)

Due to mechanical, thermal and electrical stress non-reversible damages of the morphological texture can occur in polymeric materials used in cable systems (mainly polyethylene and silicone rubber). Reasons for the preceding damaging are for example included gas-filled microvoids and local inhomogeneities of the cross-linking-density. Considering the consequences of these processes, effective diagnostic methods are currently required, which have to fulfill certain demands (for example non-destructivity). Investigations carried out so far have shown that Ultrasonic and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) meet these requirements. Ultrasonic diagnosis rest on the observation of the sound-propagation in materials. NMR is based on the recording of spin-dependent relaxation processes and its characteristics. Both diagnostic methods are well-known in materials science, whereas their use for monitoring equipment of cable systems has to be further developed. Therefore the current investigations focus on the detection, localization and characterization of defects. The analysis regarding the influence of mechanical stress (expansion of joints) shows a non-reversibility of this impact. Furthermore investigations relating to ageing phenomena are depicted. In addition first examinations using an automated ultrasonic measuring device, which has been developed with regard to industrial appliance, confirm the assumption of the ability to detect even small failures in insulation materials.
Preventing occupied wheelchairs from falling down stairs (1990)

The hypothesis was tested that wheelchairs could be prevented from accidentally falling down stairs. A rigid post was attached to the wheelchair frame immediately behind the caster (clearance of 13 mm) such that it would strike the floor just after the casters dropped off an edge. The device was tested by means of a 3-degree ramp at the lower end of which was a level surface that ended with a 11-cm vertical drop. Twenty able-bodied subjects descended the ramp, by gravity alone, from progressively greater distances up the ramp, to determine the threshold at which the speed of the occupied wheelchair (with and without the device in place) was sufficient to induce a forward tip down the step. Forward tips occurred at a mean (+/- 1 SD) threshold speed of 0.77 (+/- 0.06) m/s with the device and at 0.38 (+/- 0.04) m/s without it, a mean difference of 0.39 (+/- 0.07) m/s (p less than 0.0005). This preliminary study suggests that such a wheelchair feature might improve the safety of wheelchairs in conditions involving inadvertent loss of caster support, as when they drop off a stair or ledge.
Endotoxin, Endotoxin‐Neutralizing‐Capacity, sCD14, sICAM‐1, and Cytokines in Patients With Various Degrees of Alcoholic Liver Disease (2001)

Acute alcohol intoxication rather than severe ALD results in significant endotoxemia. The limited capacity of plasma to neutralize endotoxin in liver injury seems to be an important factor in ALD which may be responsible for the release of endotoxin-induced mediators, such as cytokines, as well as s-ICAM-1, that are relevant in the pathogenesis of ALD.
Use characteristics of the great gulf wilderness (1978)

Three use characteristics were studied in the Great Gulf Wilderness of the White Mountain National Forest in 1976: (1) use quantity; (2) use distribution; (3) overnight use patterns. Pressure-plate counters, in conjunction with use permits and site observations, were used to acquire data. Approximately 4,000 people visited this area during the 56-day study period; 75 percent were day users and 25 percent were overnight users. Trail use ranged from 50 hikers per day to negligible use. Overnight users tended to concentrate in the upper portion of the Great Gulf. Actual overnight use was significantly lower than permitted use. On some nights, more than half of the users who obtained overnight permits did not use them.
Characterization of Amino Acid and Glutathione Adducts of<i>cis</i>-2-Butene-1,4-dial, a Reactive Metabolite of Furan (1997)

Metabolic activation of the hepatocarcinogen furan yields metabolites that react covalently with proteins. cis-2-Butene-1,4-dial is a microsomal metabolite of furan. This reactive aldehyde is thought to be the toxic metabolite that is responsible for the carcinogenic activity of furan. In order to characterize the chemistry by which this unsaturated dialdehyde could alkylate proteins, the products formed upon reaction of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial with model nucleophiles in pH 7.4 buffer were investigated. N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-lysine (AcLys) reacts with cis-2-butene-1,4-dial to form N-substituted pyrrolin-2-one adducts. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (AcCys) reacts rapidly with cis-2-butene-1,4-dial to form multiple uncharacterized products. The inclusion of AcLys in this reaction mixture yielded an N-substituted 3-(S-acetylcysteinyl)pyrrole adduct which links the two amino acid residues. Related compounds were isolated when cis-2-butene-1,4-dial and glutathione (GSH) were combined. In this case, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial cross-linked two molecules of GSH resulting in either cyclic or acyclic adducts depending on the relative GSH concentration. Incubation of furan with rat liver microsomes in the presence of [glycine-2-3H]GSH led to the formation of radioactive peaks that coeluted with synthetic standards for the bisgluthathione conjugates. These studies demonstrate that the reactive cis-2-butene-1,4-dial formed during the microsomal oxidation of furan reacts rapidly and completely with amino acid residues to form pyrrole and pyrrolin-2-one derivatives. Therefore, this metabolite is a likely candidate for the activated furan derivative that binds to proteins. The ease with which cis-2-butene-1,4-dial cross-links amino acids suggests that pyrrole-thiol cross-links may be involved in the toxicity observed following furan exposure.
Large Scale Production and Characterization of Lyophilized Pyridoxalated Hemoglobin-Polyoxyethylene (PHP) (1992)

Lyophilized PHP as an oxygen carrier is prepared from outdated red cell and dicarboxymethylated polyoxyethylene. In order to apply PHP for a clinical use, a large scale production of high quality PHP has been studied. We have set up a 20 L scale production flow of PHP88. The product was tested to confirm the quality and lot-to-lot consistency. The blood group specific materials were weakly positive in stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH), however, were found negative in the PHP of this scale. The amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in purified SFH and PHP88 reconstituted solution was 0.19 +/- 0.04 and 0.03 +/- 0.01 ppm, respectively. Contamination of viruses such as HBV and Non A non B hepatitis virus could not be observed in the final product. Elimination and inactivation of HIV was validated through a spike test. The characterizations of the final products in 20 L scale were done through MW, P50, Hill coefficient, viscosity, and molecular weight distribution by SDS-PAGE and batch to batch consistency was also confirmed. The results show that production process is appropriate to eliminate the blood group materials, PE and virus, and produce PHP of high quality. Lyophilized PHP88 can be produced by addition of maltose and can be stored over 1 year.
SPECT Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer Disease (1986)

A common cause of dementia in late midlife and old age is Alzheimer disease (AD), which affects more than one in 20 individuals over the age of 65. Past studies of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with AD here suggested blood flow abnormalities, but findings have differed. We have studied 37 patients diagnosed as having AD with inhalation and washout of 133Xe and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), obtaining evidence of abnormal rCBF patterns in 19. Flow reductions were most common in the temporoparietal regions and were occasionally found in the frontal areas. Investigators using positron-emission tomography (PET) have identified similar findings with respect to rCBF and regional oxygen, glucose, and protein metabolism. The SPECT determination of rCBF, which gives information similar to that provided by PET, may assume importance in the diagnosis of AD and in the differential diagnosis of the dementias.
Objective Methods for Weather Prediction (1978)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
Combined Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and rt-PA Treatment is Safe and Improves Impaired Microcirculation after Reperfusion of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2010)

In monitoring of recanalization and in sonothrombolysis, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is applied in extended time protocols. As extended use may increase the probability of unwanted effects, careful safety evaluation is required. We investigated the safety profile and beneficial effects of CEUS in a reperfusion model. Wistar rats were subjected to filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Reperfusion was established after 90 minutes, followed by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment and randomization to additional CEUS (contrast agent: SonoVue; 60 minutes). Blinded outcome evaluation consisted of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neurologic assessment, and histology and, in separate experiments, quantitative 3D nano-computed tomography (CT) angiography (900 nm 3 voxel size). Nano-CT revealed severely compromised microcirculation in untreated animals after MCA reperfusion. The rt-PA partially improved hemispheric perfusion. Impairment was completely reversed in animals receiving rt-PA and CEUS. This combination was more effective than treatment with either CEUS without rt-PA or rt-PA and ultrasound or ultrasound alone. In MRI experiments, CEUS and rt-PA treatment resulted in a significantly reduced ischemic lesion volume and edema formation. No unwanted effects were detected on MRI, histology, and intracranial temperature assessment. This study shows that CEUS and rt-PA is safe in the situation of reperfusion and displays beneficial effects on the level of the microvasculature.
Clinical Significance of Thyrotrophin Binding Inhibitor Immunoglobulins in Patients with Graves` Disease and Various Types of Thyroiditis (1987)

It is well known that thyrotrophin receptor antibodies are present in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.
Intergenerational mobility and social fluidity in France (2017)

Using the 1970, 1977, 1985, 1993, and 2003 Formation – Qualification Professionnelle (INSEE) surveys, this article analyzes how intergenerational social mobility and social fluidity have evolved in France for men and women born between 1906 and 1973. It demonstrates that the statistical association between class of origin and class of destination has become weaker in recent cohorts than it was in older ones, and also shows that the same association diminishes with age, that is to say, along the occupational career pathway. Finally, it demonstrates that changes in education have played a key role in the process of increasing social fluidity. In the 1945–54 cohort, the more equal educational opportunity was the primary factor and educational expansion was the secondary factor that explain the decreasing association between class of origin and class of destination, but the relative importance of these two factors is reversed in the 1955–64 and 1965–73 cohorts.JEL Classification: I21 – I24 – I26 – J62
Trilateral Filtering for Image Interpolation (2009)

In this paper, we deal with problems of contour jaggies and blurring artifacts appeared in conventional image interpolation schemes, and present a new image interpolation method called trilateral filtering. The method exploits the smooth varying behaviour of natural image contours, and tries to overcome the contour jaggies problem by suppressing edge convex corner pixels. It first gives a primary estimate of unknown pixels by their four nearest neighbours with proper weights, which are determined by the corresponding edge degree information and spatial distance. Then, in order to give sharper edges, photometric similarities are introduced to further refine the weights, based on which, final estimate of unknown pixels obtained. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme produces fewer artifacts and sharper edges compared to conventional methods, and still preserves simplicity and efficiency compared to more advanced ones.
Low Dose-Rate Effects of Cesium-137 and Iodine-125 on Cell Survival, Cell Progression, and Chromosomal Alterations (1986)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-AA8) cells in exponential growth were exposed to graded doses of radiation from iodine-125 (I-125) or cesium-137 (Cs-137) at various low dose rates, then monitored for cell number and clonogenic integrity. Cellular kinetics and the induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations were evaluated in cells after irradiation. Dose rates within the range 3-23 cGy/h had little effect on these fast growing cells but there was significant cell killing at dose rates of 33-70 cGy/h. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for I-125 relative to Cs-137, calculated from the cell growth curves and the percentage of plating efficiencies of irradiated cells as a fraction of control, were 1.28 and 1.5., respectively, and did not vary over the dose-rate range from 3 to 70 cGy/h. The percentage of mitoses with chromosomal aberrations increased as a function of dose, but showed little if any change with dose rate. Cells passing through two cell cycles after irradiation also showed dose-dependent increases in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. That is, viable cells continue to show the effects of low dose-rate irradiation at the DNA level long after irradiation is concluded. Frequencies of cells in mitosis (mitotic index) and of cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (cycling S phase cells) indicated that low dose-rate I-125 irradiation produced a much more profound delay than low dose-rate of Cs-137 irradiation. This more pronounced inhibition may play a significant role in enhancing the effect of low dose rate I-125 in a clinical situation.