gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of oxygen limitation on sugar metabolism in yeasts: a continuous-culture study of the Kluyver effect (1994)

Growth and metabolite formation were studied in oxygen-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 and Candida utilis CBS 621 growing on glucose or maltose at a dilution rate of 0.1 h-1. With either glucose or maltose S. cerevisiae could be grown under dual limitation of oxygen and sugar. Respiration and alcoholic fermentation occurred simultaneously and the catabolite fluxes through these processes were dependent on the magnitude of the oxygen feed. C. utilis could also be grown under dual limitation of glucose and oxygen. However, at very low oxygen feed rates (i.e. below 4 mmol l-1 h-1) growth was limited by oxygen only, as indicated by the high residual glucose concentration in the culture. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, C. utilis could not be grown anaerobically at a dilution rate of 0.1 h-1. With C. utilis absence of oxygen resulted in wash-out, despite the presence of ergosterol and Tween-80 in the growth medium. The behaviour of C. utilis with respect to maltose utilization in oxygen-limited cultures was remarkable: alcoholic fermentation did not occur and the amount of maltose metabolized was dependent on the oxygen supply. Oxygen-limited cultures of C. utilis growing on maltose always contained high residual sugar concentrations. These observations throw new light on the so-called Kluyver effect. Apparently, maltose is a non-fermentable sugar for C. utilis CBS 621, despite the fact that it can serve as a substrate for growth of this facultatively fermentative yeast. This is not due to the absence of key enzymes of alcoholic fermentation. Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase were present at high levels in maltose-utilizing cells of C. utilis grown under oxygen limitation. It is concluded that the Kluyver effect, in C. utilis growing on maltose, results from a regulatory mechanism that prevents the sugar from being fermented. Oxygen is not a key factor in this phenomenon since under oxygen limitation alcoholic fermentation of maltose was not triggered.
Reaction of polystyryllithium with carbon dioxide (1964)

Abstract A benzene solution of polystyryllithium of narrow chain length distribution was found to react with carbon dioxide to form (upon acidification) not only the corresponding polystyrene carboxylic acid but also significant amounts of di‐polystyryl ketone and tri‐polystyryl carbinol. The amounts of the latter two products were somewhat dependent on the rate at which carbon dioxide could be added to the system. Thus, the yields of di‐polystyryl ketone and tri‐polystyryl carbinol were 28% and 12% respectively, if termination was accomplished by allowing gaseous carbon dioxide to diffuse into the system, but the total yield of these products was only 22% if the termination was carried out by pouring the polystyryllithium solution onto crushed, solid Dry Ice. Lithium polystyrene carboxylate was found to be partly associated in benzene and cyclohexane, but the free acid was not.
Electrodeless Determination of the Trap Density, Decay Kinetics, and Charge Separation Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> (2004)

We have studied photoinduced charge separation in a bare, 3.4 microm thick layer of nanocrystalline ("nc") anatase TiO(2) and an nc-TiO(2) layer coated with free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H(2)TPPC) using the electrodeless flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave-conductivity technique (FP-TRMC). Photoconductivity transients, resulting from the formation of mobile, conduction band electrons in the semiconductor have been measured on excitation with 3 ns pulses of UV (300 nm) and visible (410-700 nm) light. The product of the yield of formation of mobile charge carriers, phi, and the sum of their mobilities, Sigmamicro, has been determined from the maximum conductivity for light intensities varying from approximately 10(12) to approximately 10(16) photons/cm(2)/pulse. For the bare nc-TiO(2) layer at 300 nm and the coated layer at all wavelengths, phiSigmamicro initially increased with increasing intensity, reached a maximum, and eventually decreased at high intensities. The initial increase is attributed to the gradual filling of (surface) electron trapping sites. This effect was absent when the samples were continuously illuminated with background irradiation at 300 nm with an intensity of 6 x 10(13) photons/cm(2)/s (40 microW/cm(2)), thereby presaturating the trapping sites prior to the laser pulse. The trap-free mobility of electrons within these 9 nm nanoparticles is estimated to be 0.034 cm(2)/Vs at 9 GHz. The eventual decrease in phiSigmamicro at intensities corresponding to an electron occupancy of more than one electron per particle is unaffected by background illumination, and is attributed to a decrease in micro due to electron-electron interactions within the semiconductor particles. The photoconductivity action spectrum of the coated nc-TiO(2) layer closely followed the photon attenuation spectrum in the visible of the porphyrin, with a charge separation efficiency per absorbed photon of 18% at the Soret band maximum. The after-pulse decay of the photoconductivity showed a power law behavior over a time scale of nanoseconds to several hundreds of microseconds, which is attributed to multiple trapping and detrapping events at chemical or physical defects within the semiconductor matrix.
Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Lymphocytes (1996)

We have tested the possibility of using apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes as a short-term biological dosimeter. Lymphocytes isolated from whole blood were irradiated in culture with 250 kVp x-rays or 60Co gamma rays. Two assays were used to measure apoptosis in lymphocytes after irradiation: in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay and fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding assay. Similar qualitative and quantitative results were produced by the assays, supporting the notion that the fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding assay measured DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes irradiated in vitro was proportional to dose and could be detected following exposures as low as 0.05 Gy. Lymphocytes from individual donors had reproducible dose responses. There was, however, variation between donors. X-ray and gamma-ray exposures induced similar levels of apoptosis at similar doses. The induction kinetics of apoptosis in vitro indicate a maximum is reached about 72 h after irradiation. In conclusion, the in vitro experimental evidence indicates that radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes has the kinetics, sensitivity, and reproducibility to be a potential biological dosimeter.
Novel failure analysis techniques using photon probing with a scanning optical microscope (1994)

Three new failure analysis techniques for integrated circuits (ICs) have been developed using localized photon probing with a scanning optical microscope (SOM). The first two are light-induced voltage alteration (LIVA) imaging techniques that (1) localize open-circuited and damaged junctions and (2) image transistor logic states. The third technique uses the SOM to control logic states optically from the IC backside. LIVA images are produced by monitoring the voltage fluctuations of a constant current power supply as a laser beam is scanned over the IC. High selectivity for localizing defects has been demonstrated using the LIVA approach. Logic state mapping results, similar to previous work using biased optical beam induced current (OBIC) and laser probing approaches, have also been produced using LIVA. Application of the two LIVA based techniques to backside failure analysis has been demonstrated using an infrared laser source. Optical logic state control is based upon earlier work examining transistor response to photon injection. The physics of each method and their applications for failure analysis are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Valve repair for aortic insufficiency: surgical classification and techniques (1997)

Aortic valve repair provides a low risk option with satisfactory intermediate-term results for the treatment of aortic insufficiency in appropriately selected patients. Patient and procedure selection may be based upon the echocardiographic anatomy of the aortic valve, and a comparative risk benefit appraisal with valve replacement.
Modeling of Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverters Based on Nonlinear System Identification for Power Quality Analysis (2011)

Modeling of Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverters Based on Nonlinear System Identification for Power Quality Analysis
Privacy-preserving Quantified Self (2017)

The emergence of a plethora of wearables and sensing technologies has enabled non-intrusive digitization of our daily physical activities. Emerging applications utilize such data to make inferences about our physiological and health states, provide health diagnosis, and contribute to wellbeing improvements. The common approach for such applications is to collect data, either using mobile applications or special hardware, e.g., wearables, and store them on a third party storage provider. This results in many unconnected data silos of self-quantification data. Researchers and industry, advocate for a common personal storage space, to conquer the myriad of small chunks of data, deemed to be lost/forgotten in the long term. The benefits of such co-located personal data are tremendous, specifically with regards to personalized medicine, treatment, and health care. However, the centralized storage of data exacerbates the privacy and security concerns that the IoT ecosystem is facing today. In this position paper, we advocate the necessity of privacy and security guarantees for the paradigm of co-located storage of personal health data. We envision two core security functionalities: true end-to-end encryption, such that only encrypted data is stored in the cloud and secure sharing of encrypted data, without disclosing data owner's secret keys. We discuss the challenges in adopting such an end-to-end encryption paradigm while preserving the cloud's basic processing functionalities over encrypted data and how to cryptographically enforce access control.
Signal Partitioning Algorithm for Highly Efficient Gaussian Mixture Modeling in Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Mixture - modeling of mass spectra is an approach with many potential applications including peak detection and quantification, smoothing, de-noising, feature extraction and spectral signal compression. However, existing algorithms do not allow for automated analyses of whole spectra. Therefore, despite highlighting potential advantages of mixture modeling of mass spectra of peptide/protein mixtures and some preliminary results presented in several papers, the mixture modeling approach was so far not developed to the stage enabling systematic comparisons with existing software packages for proteomic mass spectra analyses. In this paper we present an efficient algorithm for Gaussian mixture modeling of proteomic mass spectra of different types (e.g., MALDI-ToF profiling, MALDI-IMS). The main idea is automated partitioning of protein mass spectral signal into fragments. The obtained fragments are separately decomposed into Gaussian mixture models. The parameters of the mixture models of fragments are then aggregated to form the mixture model of the whole spectrum. We compare the elaborated algorithm to existing algorithms for peak detection and we demonstrate improvements of peak detection efficiency obtained by using Gaussian mixture modeling. We also show applications of the elaborated algorithm to real proteomic datasets of low and high resolution.
ONE-POT HIGHLY DIASTEREO-SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF NEW 2-SUBSTITUTED 8-(SPRIO-3′- INDOLINO-2′-ONE)-PYRROLO[3,4-a]-PYRROLIZINE-1,3-DIONES MEDIATED BY AZOMETHINE YLIDE INDUCED BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION (2001)

Isatin derivatives react with proline and N-Aryl Maleimides via decarboxylative azomethine ylide formation and subsequent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition involving an exo-transition state to give new heterocyclic adducts in 71–94% yield.
Decoupled coverage anti-aliasing (2015)

State-of-the-art methods for geometric anti-aliasing in real-time rendering are based on Multi-Sample Anti-Aliasing (MSAA), which samples visibility more than shading to reduce the number of expensive shading calculations. However, for high-quality results the number of visibility samples needs to be large (e.g., 64 samples/pixel), which requires significant memory because visibility samples are usually 24-bit depth values. In this paper, we present Decoupled Coverage Anti-Aliasing (DCAA), which improves upon MSAA by further decoupling coverage from visibility for high-quality geometric anti-aliasing. Our work is based on the previously-explored idea that all fragments at a pixel can be consolidated into a small set of visible surfaces. Although in the past this was only used to reduce the memory footprint of the G-Buffer for deferred shading with MSAA, we leverage this idea to represent each consolidated surface with a 64-bit binary mask for coverage and a single decoupled depth value, thus significantly reducing the overhead for high-quality anti-aliasing. To do this, we introduce new surface merging heuristics and resolve mechanisms to manage the decoupled depth and coverage samples. Our prototype implementation runs in real-time on current graphics hardware, and results in a significant reduction in geometric aliasing with less memory overhead than 8×MSAA for several complex scenes.
Force measurements on rising bubbles (2006)

The dynamics of millimetre-sized air bubbles rising through still water are investigated using ultrasound velocimetry combined with high-speed video. From measurements of speed and three-dimensional trajectories we calculate time-resolved precise drag and lift forces on the bubble, which give rise to planar zigzag and three-dimensional spiralling motion. Temporal correlations of forces and the oscillatory bubble motions, particularly the lift force, emphasize the importance of the wake vortices found in previous studies.
Study of ω-k Processing Algorithm in SAR Data Processing (2006)

This paper analyses the ω-k SAR processing algorithm,and discusses the key Stolt mapping operation.The results of the point targets simulation and the error analysis of the ω-k processing algorithm show that the algorithm is suitable for precise imaging of most wide aperture,high-squint SAR data processing.
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>Activates the Histaminergic System via the EP<sub>4</sub>Receptor to Induce Wakefulness in Rats (2003)

Prostaglandin (PG)E2 promotes the wakeful state when administered into the posterior hypothalamus, in which the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is located. To explore the neurotransmitter mechanisms responsible for PGE2-induced wakefulness in rats, we examined the effect of PGE2 on the activity of the histaminergic system and the involvement of PGE2 receptor subtypes in the response. PGE2 perfusion in the TMN at doses of 100, 200, and 400 pmol/min for 2 hr significantly increased histamine release from the medial preoptic area and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Among the agonists of the four distinct subtypes of PGE2 receptors (EP1-4) tested, only the EP4 receptor agonist (ONO-AE1-329) mimicked the excitatory effect of PGE2 on histamine release from both the medial preoptic area and frontal cortex. Perfusion of either PGE2 or the EP4 agonist into the TMN at a dose of 200 pmol/min for 1 hr increased histidine decarboxylase activity, histidine decarboxylase mRNA level, and histamine content in the hypothalamus. In situ hybridization revealed that EP4 receptor mRNA was expressed in histidine decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons of the TMN region. Furthermore, EP4 agonist perfusion into the TMN induced wakefulness. These findings indicate that PGE2 induces wakefulness through activation of the histaminergic system via EP4 receptors.
STEAM: A Mobile Hydraulic System With Engine Integration (2013)

In recent years, research institutions worldwide have developed a number of new mobile hydraulic systems. Despite their improved energy efficiency, these systems have yet to gain market acceptance due to their related increase in component costs and decrease in robustness. At the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Controls in Aachen, a new system for mobile machines, named STEAM (Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in der Arbeitshydraulik mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen), is being developed using inexpensive off-the-shelf components. The aim is to improve the total system efficiency by considering all the subsystems in the machine. This is done by integrating the internal combustion engine (ICE) into the hydraulic design process. By using a constant pressure system in combination with a low-cost fixed displacement pump the hydraulic system is designed to ensure the ICE experiences a constantly high load in a region of high efficiency, so-called point operation. To decrease the hydraulic losses incurred when supplying the linear actuators with flow, an additional intermediate pressure rail with independent metering edges is used. This enables various energy efficient discrete operating modes, including energy regeneration and recuperation.
Stapled BIG3 helical peptide ERAP potentiates anti-tumour activity for breast cancer therapeutics (2017)

Estradiol (E2) and the oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) signalling pathway play pivotal roles in the proliferative activity of breast cancer cells. Recent findings show that the brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 3-prohibitin 2 (BIG3-PHB2) complex plays a crucial role in E2/ERα signalling modulation in breast cancer cells. Moreover, specific inhibition of the BIG3-PHB2 interaction using the ERα activity-regulator synthetic peptide (ERAP: 165-177 amino acids), derived from α-helical BIG3 sequence, resulted in a significant anti-tumour effect. However, the duration of this effect was very short for viable clinical application. We developed the chemically modified ERAP using stapling methods (stapledERAP) to improve the duration of its antitumour effects. The stapledERAP specifically inhibited the BIG3-PHB2 interaction and exhibited long-lasting suppressive activity. Its intracellular localization without the membrane-permeable polyarginine sequence was possible via the formation of a stable α-helix structure by stapling. Tumour bearing-mice treated daily or weekly with stapledERAP effectively prevented the BIG3-PHB2 interaction, leading to complete regression of E2-dependent tumours in vivo. Most importantly, combination of stapledERAP with tamoxifen, fulvestrant, and everolimus caused synergistic inhibitory effects on growth of breast cancer cells. Our findings suggested that the stapled ERAP may be a promising anti-tumour drug to suppress luminal-type breast cancer growth.
Production of Zr<SUB>55</SUB>Cu<SUB>30</SUB>Ni<SUB>5</SUB>Al<SUB>10</SUB> Glassy Alloy Rod of 30 mm in Diameter by a Cap-Cast Technique (2007)

In order to produce bulk glassy alloys with diameters above 1 cm, various cast techniques have been developed. The maximum diameter of Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 alloy achieved was 16 mm by the copper metallic mold cast technique and 20 mm by the tilt cast technique. In order to produce a much larger sized bulk glassy alloy, a cap-cast technique, leading to the achievement of a higher cooling rate even in an upper region, was developed through the modification of the tilt casting technique. This paper presents the production of a glassy Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 alloy rod with a diameter of 30 mm.
An overview and classification of mediated query systems (1999)

Multimedia technology, global information infrastructures and other developments allow users to access more and more information sources of various types. However, the “technical” availability alone (by means of networks, WWW, mail systems, databases, etc.) is not sufficient for making meaningful and advanced use of all information available on-line. Therefore, the problem of effectively and efficiently accessing and querying heterogeneous and distributed data sources is an important research direction. This paper aims at classifying existing approaches which can be used to query heterogeneous data sources. We consider one of the approaches — the mediated query approach — in more detail and provide a classification framework for it as well.
Digital Data Communication Techniques (1961)

The majority of digital communications are now carried on the teletypewriter networks. New modulation techniques, higher transmission speeds, and more effective error control schemes are being provided in systems now being introduced in the digital communications area. A considerable body of theoretical work has been completed which provides a base for most of the activity in the field; however, application of much of this work, until recently, has often been uneconomical in the current state of the art. This is most notably true in the case of error control and the practical achievement of theoretical channel capacities, but the problem also arises in other areas. The work towards a truly automatic central data processing system has been slow, but a number of projects are now showing the way in this area. These include reservation systems, centralized banking, central inventory control, air traffic control, and, above all, centralized military communications and control systems.
Protein interaction of retinoblastoma gene product pRb110 with M(r) 73,000 heat shock cognate protein. (1993)

Both the tumor suppressor gene products, the retinoblastoma sensitivity gene product pRb110 and p53, are found in oligomer complexes with the oncogene products of the DNA tumor viruses. It has been demonstrated that p53 binds to the M(r) 70,000 heat shock protein family. However, the protein association of pRb110 with the M(r) 70,000 heat shock protein family is not yet known. We analyzed the immunoprecipitates made with TYK-nu human ovarial carcinoma cell lysate and anti-pRb110 or anti-heat shock protein monoclonal antibodies. In this paper, we demonstrate that pRb110 is associated with the M(r) 73,000 heat shock cognate protein, but not with the M(r) 72,000 heat shock protein. This selective protein association was also detected in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the protein complexes of the M(r) 73,000 heat shock cognate protein and pRb110 were dissociated with the presence of ATP, but not with ADP and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, ATP gamma S. This indicates that the dissociation is dependent on the ATP hydrolysis. These data may suggest an as yet undefined important role of M(r) 73,000 heat shock cognate protein in the cell growth control in collaboration with pRb110.