gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a MEMS piezoresistive differential pressure sensor with small thermal hysteresis for air data modules (2015)

The design, fabrication, and evaluation results of a MEMS piezoresistive differential pressure sensor fabricated by the dry etching process are described in this paper. The proposed sensor is designed to have optimal performances in mid-pressure range from 0 psi to 20 psi suitable for a precision air data module. The piezoresistors with a Wheatstone bridge structure are implanted where the thermal effects are minimized subject to sustainment of the sensitivity. The rectangular-shaped silicon diaphragm is adopted and its dimension is analyzed for improving pressure sensitivity and linearity. The bridge resistors are driven by constant current to compensate temperature effects on sensitivity. The designed differential pressure sensor is fabricated by using MEMS dry etching techniques, and the fabricated sensing element is attached and packaged in a Kovar package in consideration of leakage and temperature hysteresis. The implemented sensors are tested and evaluated as well. The evaluation results show the static RSS (root sum square) accuracy including nonlinearity, non-repeatability, and pressure hysteresis before temperature compensation is about 0.09%, and the total error band which includes the RSS accuracy, the thermal hysteresis, and other thermal effects is about 0.11%, which confirm the validity of the proposed design process.
A triple-stacked Class-E mm-wave SiGe HBT power amplifier (2013)

A Q-band, single ended, two-stage, triple-stacked, Class-E power amplifier is designed and fabricated in a 0.13 μm SiGe HBT BiCMOS process. The Class-E amplifier comprises of three series-stacked HBTs with capacitive divider networks at the HBT bases and collectors to ensure proper large signal swing and beyond BVCEO operation at mm-wave frequencies. The measured performance of the fabricated chip show 22.2 dBm maximum output power at 20.8% peak power added efficiency, and 15.4 dB of power gain across 4 GHz centered around 40 GHz for a supply voltage of 6.5 V. The total chip area including the pads is 0.8 mm × 1.28 mm.
Monitoring Volcanic Area with Radar Interferometry - Case Study Fogo Volcano within Exupéry Project (2010)

Only few volcanoes in the world have been permanent observed with monitoring systems. The Exupery project aimed to construct a mobile system for detecting and alarming events in near real time. In this paper we report an experiment to monitor volcanic unrest based on interferometric methods and comer reflectors.
Infrared Quenching and a Unified Description of Photoconductivity Phenomena in Cadmium Sulfide and Selenide (1955)

Infrared quenching, superlinearity, temperature dependence, and slow $S$-shape growth of photocurrent in cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide crystals may all be associated with the filling and emptying of a specific set of defect levels, as indicated by the location of the calculated electron Fermi level. Infrared quenching of photoconductivity occurs only when the Fermi level lies less than 0.8 ev from the conduction band in CdS, or less than 0.6 ev in CdSe; superlinear photoconductivity occurs only when the Fermi level varies between 0.6 and 0.8 ev from the conduction band in CdS, or between 0.3 and 0.6 ev in CdSe; the photosensitivity decreases rapidly as the Fermi level drops further than 0.6 ev from the conduction band in CdS with increasing temperature, or further than 0.3 ev in CdSe; a slow, $S$-shaped growth of photocurrent is observed when the Fermi level rises between 0.8 and 0.6 ev from the conduction band in CdS, or between 0.6 and 0.3 ev in CdSe.Infrared quenching maxima for photon energies of 1.65, 1.35, and 0.89 ev are found for CdS, and 1.20, 1.05, and 0.79 ev for CdSe. The magnitudes of the two lower-energy quenching maxima have a constant ratio to one another (as determined from measurements on CdS), as they vary in different crystals, and are most prominent in photosensitive crystals.
Compatiblization of Polymers via Coalescence from Their Common Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds (2001)

We have found, when inherently immiscible polymers are included as guests in the narrow channels of their common inclusion compounds (ICs) formed with host cyclodextrins (CDs) and then these polymer-1/polymer-2-CD-IC crystals are washed with hot water to remove the host CD lattice and coalesce the guest polymers, that intimately mixed blends of the polymers are obtained. This behavior had been observed previously by us for the crystallizable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) pair, where in the coaelsced blend PCL and PLLA crystallinity was completely and nearly completely suppressed, respectively. Here we report similar observations made on the polycarbonate (PC)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pair, which are respectively difficult to crystallize and amorphous. PC/PMMA blends coalesced from their common γ-CD-ICs are amorphous and generally exhibit single glass transitions at temperatures (Tg) between those of pure PC and PMMA. Interestingly, a 1:4 molar PC:PMMA blend coalesced from its common γ-CD-IC is characterized by a Tg lower than that of pure PMMA. FTIR spectroscopy suggests an intimate mixing of and possible specific interactions between PC and PMMA chains in the coalesced blends as reflected by substantial shifts in the frequencies of the PMMA and PC CO vibrations. In addition, repeated DSC scanning or annealing of the coalesced PC/PMMA blends for up to 2 h at T ≥ 200 °C did not lead to phase separation as judged from the constancy of the single Tg's observed by DSC. Though not described in detail here, very similar results were also obtained for the PC/polystyrene (PS) pair, including a Tg for a PS-rich blend that is below the Tg for pure PS. We are currently studying the molecular-level mixing in and thermal stabilities of these blends.
Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part III. The <i>cis</i>‐1,4‐polyisoprene tetramethylthiuram disulfide–zinc oxide system (1964)

Abstract The vulcanization of a purified synthetic cis ‐1,4‐polyisoprene (100 parts) with tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD; 4 parts) and zinc oxide (4 parts) at 140°C. yields a network which at short cure time (15 min.) is structurally complex, containing 13.5 atoms of sulfur and 4.3 atoms of nitrogen per chemical crosslink present. The network becomes progressively simpler in structure as crosslinking proceeds, and at full cure (10 hr.) contains 3.2 atoms of sulfur and 0.7 atoms of nitrogen per chemical crosslink present. The initial network complexity is due mainly to the presence of rubber‐bound intermediate compounds, R·S x C(:S)N(CH 3 ) 2 (R = polyisoprenyl; x ≥ 2), which yield sulfidic crosslinks and zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ZDMC) on heating with zinc oxide or zinc sulfide as revealed by the efficient crosslinking on further heating at 140°C. of extracted undercured vulcanizates. Evidence is presented that the intermediate compounds result from interaction of the polyisoprene with a sulfurating species formed by a prior reaction of TMTD with zinc oxide, and not, as previously supposed by others, by direct reaction of the polyisoprene with TMTD. Our knowledge of the detailed structure of the network obtained at full cure is presented, together with estimates of the principal extra‐network compounds (ZDMC, tetramethylthiourea, and zinc sulfide) formed at full cure; these compounds together with the sulfur and nitrogen combined in the network account for ca. 90% of sulfur and nitrogen originally present as TMTD.
Radio Channel Modeling for UAV Communication Over Cellular Networks (2017)

The main goal of this letter is to obtain models for path loss exponents and shadowing for the radio channel between airborne unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and cellular networks. In this pursuit, field measurements were conducted in live LTE networks at the 800 MHz frequency band, using a commercial UAV. Our results show that path loss exponent decreases as the UAV moves up, approximating freespace propagation for horizontal ranges up to tens of kilometers at UAV heights around 100 m. Our findings support the need of height-dependent parameters for describing the propagation channel for UAVs at different heights.
Synthesis, in vitro acetylcholine-storage-blocking activities, and biological properties of derivatives and analogs of trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol) (1989)

Eighty-four analogues and derivatives of the acetylcholine-storage-blocking drug trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)-cyclohexanol (vesamicol) were synthesized, and their potencies were evaluated with the acetylcholine active-transport assay utilizing purified synaptic vesicles from Torpedo electric organ. The parent drug exhibits enantioselectivity, with (-)-vesamicol being 25-fold more potent than (+)-vesamicol. The atomic structure and absolute configuration of (+)-vesamicol were determined by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of (-)-vesamicol is 1R,2R. Structure-activity evidence indicates that (-)-vesamicol does not act as an acetylcholine analogue. Alterations to all three rings can have large effects on potency. Unexpectedly, analogues locking the alcohol and ammonium groups trans-diequatorial or trans-diaxial both exhibit good potency. A potent benzovesamicol family has been discovered that is suitable for facile elaboration of the sort useful in affinity labeling and affinity chromatography applications. A good correlation was found between potencies as assessed by the acetylcholine transport assay and LD50 values in mouse.
Synthesis of (25R)-5α-Spirostan-2α,3α,6β-triol Triacetate# (1998)

Abstract The synthesis of (25R)-5α-spirostan-2α,3α,6β-triol triacetate is presented.
Understanding branches and designing branch predictors for high-performance microprocessors (2001)

Branch prediction is important in high-performance processors and its importance continues to grow. In the drive for higher execution frequencies, pipelines are lengthened and memory latencies are increased. This increases the cost of branch mispredictions. In this paper we describe some behavior patterns of branches. We believe that understanding the behavior of branches is helpful when designing fetch mechanisms for high-performance microprocessors. We also examine several current branch predictors and discuss how they work. Finally, we look at some of the challenges that we are faced with when designing fetch mechanisms and predictors for future microprocessors and discuss some of the possible solutions.
Progress in bio-based plastics and plasticizing modifications (2013)

Over the coming few decades bioplastic materials are expected to complement and gradually replace some of the fossil oil based materials. Multidisciplinary research efforts have generated a significant level of technical and commercial success towards these bio-based materials. However, extensive application of these bio-based plastics is still challenged by one or more of their possible inherent limitations, such as poor processability, brittleness, hydrophilicity, poor moisture and gas barrier, inferior compatibility, poor electrical, thermal and physical properties. The incorporation of additives such as plasticizers into the biopolymers is a common practice to improve these inherent limitations. Generally, plasticizers are added to both synthetic and bio-based polymeric materials to impart flexibility, improve toughness, and lower the glass transition temperature. This review introduces the most common bio-based plastics and provides an overview of recent advances in the selection and use of plasticizers, and their effect on the performance of these materials. In addition to plasticizers, we also present a perspective of other emerging techniques of improving the overall performance of bio-based plastics. Although a wide variety of bio-based plastics are under development, this review focuses on plasticizers utilized for the most extensively studied bioplastics including poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates, thermoplastic starch, proteinaceous plastics and cellulose acetates. The ongoing challenge and future potentials of plasticizers for bio-based plastics are also discussed.
Enhanced Optoelectronic Performance of a Passivated Nanowire‐Based Device: Key Information from Real‐Space Imaging Using 4D Electron Microscopy (2016)

Managing trap states and understanding their role in ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics, particularly at surface and interfaces, remains a major bottleneck preventing further advancements and commercial exploitation of nanowire (NW)-based devices. A key challenge is to selectively map such ultrafast dynamical processes on the surfaces of NWs, a capability so far out of reach of time-resolved laser techniques. Selective mapping of surface dynamics in real space and time can only be achieved by applying four-dimensional scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (4D S-UEM). Charge carrier dynamics are spatially and temporally visualized on the surface of InGaN NW arrays before and after surface passivation with octadecylthiol (ODT). The time-resolved secondary electron images clearly demonstrate that carrier recombination on the NW surface is significantly slowed down after ODT treatment. This observation is fully supported by enhancement of the performance of the light emitting device. Direct observation of surface dynamics provides a profound understanding of the photophysical mechanisms on materials' surfaces and enables the formulation of effective surface trap state management strategies for the next generation of high-performance NW-based optoelectronic devices.
Boundary-artifact-free phase retrieval with the transport of intensity equation: fast solution with use of discrete cosine transform (2014)

The transport of intensity equation (TIE) is a two-dimensional second order elliptic partial differential equation that must be solved under appropriate boundary conditions. However, the boundary conditions are difficult to obtain in practice. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) based TIE solutions are widely adopted for its speed and simplicity. However, it implies periodic boundary conditions, which lead to significant boundary artifacts when the imposed assumption is violated. In this work, TIE phase retrieval is considered as an inhomogeneous Neumann boundary value problem with the boundary values experimentally measurable around a hard-edged aperture, without any assumption or prior knowledge about the test object and the setup. The analytic integral solution via Green's function is given, as well as a fast numerical implementation for a rectangular region using the discrete cosine transform. This approach is applicable for the case of non-uniform intensity distribution with no extra effort to extract the boundary values from the intensity derivative signals. Its efficiency and robustness have been verified by several numerical simulations even when the objects are complex and the intensity measurements are noisy. This method promises to be an effective fast TIE solver for quantitative phase imaging applications.
Foundations of T-SQL (2012)

SQL Server 2012 is the latest release of Microsoft's enterprise-class database management system (DBMS). As the name implies, a DBMS is a tool designed to manage, secure, and provide access to data stored in structured collections within databases. T-SQL is the language that SQL Server speaks. T-SQL provides query and data manipulation functionality, data definition and management capabilities, and security administration tools to SQL Server developers and administrators. To communicate effectively with SQL Server, you must have a solid understanding of the language. In this chapter, we will begin exploring T-SQL on SQL Server 2012.KeywordsData DomainAmerican National Standard InstituteLeft OuterThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Integrating disciplines for petroleum system analysis – from seismic interpretation to stratigraphic and basin modelling (2008)

This special issue focuses on the integration of different disciplines, ranging from seismic sequence stratigraphy and seismic interpretation to stratigraphic and basin modelling. Integration has been a recurring topic for several decades in the industry, but it is a topic that requires constant attention to bring to new levels of maturity in the workplace. The question is why – especially since the industry has widely acknowledged that the integration of disciplines is vital. Looking at possible factors, integration is often difficult due to lack of knowledge of the other disciplines, a perennial need for well-documented examples, and obstacles to communication. With this special issue of Petroleum Geoscience , and the EAGE Research Workshop in September 2006 from which these articles derive, we are contributing to discipline integration by communicating results of real-life case studies. Improving communication and exchanging results generated by these different disciplines will enable us to achieve a better overall understanding of the geological setting in basins.

For example, basin modellers are aware that their models can be improved by additional information, such as porosity values, lithology variation within formations (Hantschel 2006), fluid migration pathways (Ligtenberg & Thomsen 2003) and detailed structural data, available from application of sequence stratigraphy, stratigraphic modelling, interpretation and inversion of seismic data (Klarner et al . 2008). Similarly, sequence stratigraphers should be able to derive useful additional information from seismic data and could be assisted by information from stratigraphic and basin modelling. However, such integration of different methods is often hampered due to unstructured communication between the different disciplines involved and insufficient case studies to establish best practice.

The current practice of building reservoir models often patches together separate models for the different data, which can lead to inconsistent results without truly balancing scales, resolution and coverage. For example, to achieve integration, what …
Antioxidative properties of procyanidins B-1 and B-3 from azuki beans in aqueous systems. (1988)

Two kinds of dimeric procyanidins were isolated in pure form from azuki beans by preparative HPLC. They were identified as procyanidins B-1 and B-3, on the basis of their UV, IR FAB-MS and 1H-NMR spectra, and an analysis of the acid hydrolyzed products. The procyanidins were evaluated as antioxidants for linoleic acid in an aqueous linoleic acid-β-carotene model system. In the range of the tested concentrations (5 × 10-5 - 100 × 10-5%) and pH values (7-9), they showed remarkable antioxidative activities. Their activities were much stronger than those of such commercially available natural antioxidants as ascorbic acid, γ-oryzanol, gallic acid, L-tryptophan, (+)-catechin and D-α-tocopherol. The hydrogen- or electron-donating activities of procyanidins to the DPPH radical in a 50% ethanol solution were also stronger than those of ascorbic acid and D-α-tocopherol.
Continuous Cavitation Designed for Enhancing Radiofrequency Ablation <i>via</i> a Special Radiofrequency Solidoid Vaporization Process (2016)

Lowering power output and radiation time during radiofrequency (RF) ablation is still a challenge. Although it is documented that metal-based magnetothermal conversion and microbubbles-based inertial cavitation have been tried to overcome above issues, disputed toxicity and poor magnetothermal conversion efficiency for metal-based nanoparticles and violent but transient cavitation for microbubbles are inappropriate for enhancing RF ablation. In this report, a strategy, i.e., continuous cavitation, has been proposed, and solid menthol-encapsulated poly lactide-glycolide acid (PLGA) nanocapsules have been constructed, as a proof of concept, to validate the role of such a continuous cavitation principle in continuously enhancing RF ablation. The synthesized PLGA-based nanocapsules can respond to RF to generate menthol bubbles via distinctive radiofrequency solidoid vaporization (RSV) process, meanwhile significantly enhance ultrasound imaging for HeLa solid tumor, and further facilitate RF ablation via the continuous cavitation, as systematically demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, this RSV strategy can overcome drawbacks and limitations of acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) and optical droplet vaporization (ODV), and will probably find broad applications in further cancer theranostics.
A Noncontact Approach for the Evaluation of Large Artery Stiffness: A Preliminary Study (2008)

Our preliminary results demonstrate that laser-based noncontact measurement in young healthy volunteers is feasible, and yields PTTs that are equivalent to those measured using arterial applanation tonometry. Its clinical application can overcome limitations inherent to a contact method like arterial tonometry.
Cationic iron vinylidene complexes in bicyclic .beta.-lactam synthesis (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic iron vinylidene complexes in bicyclic .beta.-lactam synthesisAnthony G. M. Barrett and Michael A. SturgessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 17, 3940–3941Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00226a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00226a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of prolonged Stretch Exercise of upper Extremity Muscles on both Arm and Hand of Cooperative Motion (2006)

Stretching of muscles before and after sports and/or for rehabilitation increases some physical effects and the recovery from fatigue. Many of the movement of hands and fingers in occupational therapy are harmoniously practiced. It is not clear weather stretching of skeletal muscle is effective for organized fi ne motion of fi ngers and arms. This study was carried out to examine the hypothesis that cooperative movement of bilateral arms would improve by a stretching. The speed of cooperative movement was increased and tension of the forearm muscles were decreased by stretching of the skeletal muscle. An increase effect of movement within a period in cooperative motion was recognized by stretching. It is conceivable that the effect of physical movement by relaxation of muscles was stimulated the cooperative motion. On the other, the increased quantity of cooperative motion increases the number of errors and mistakes, and stretching did not increases the accuracy of work. We can expect the development of an intervention using stretching in occupation therapy employing fine motion of human hands and forearm movements.