gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutational analysis of the vaccinia virus E3 protein defines amino acid residues involved in E3 binding to double-stranded RNA (1996)

Alanine-substitution mutations were targeted to 14 amino acid residues within the double-stranded (ds) RNA binding motif (dsRBM) of the vaccinia virus E3 protein. Substitutions at six positions--Glu-124, Phe-135, Phe-148, Lys-167, Arg-168, and Lys-171--caused significant reductions in dsRNA binding. These six residues are conserved in the two dsRBMs for which structural information is available (Escherichia coli RNase III and Drosophila melanogaster staufen) and in many other members of the dsRBM protein family. Residues we show to be important for dsRNA binding by vaccinia virus E3 map to the same face of the dsRBM structure and are thus likely to compose part of the RNA binding site.
Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Purified by Dye Affinity Chromatography (2016)

A comparative study concerning the physicochemical, monomeric composition and biological characters among different fucoidan fractions is presented. Common purification techniques for fucoidan usually involve many steps. During these steps, the important structural features might be affected and consequently alter its biological activities. Three purified fractions were derived from Fucus vesiculosus water extract which, afterwards, were purified by a recently-developed dye affinity chromatography protocol. This protocol is based on dye-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. The first two fractions were obtained from crude precipitated fucoidan at different pH values of the adsorption phase: pH 1 and 6. This procedure resulted in fucoidan_1 and 6 fractions. The other, third, fraction: fucoidan_M, however, was obtained from a buffered crude extract at pH 1, eliminating the ethanol precipitation step. All of the three fractions were then further evaluated. Results revealed that fucoidan_M showed the highest sulfur content (S%), 12.11%, with the lowest average molecular weight, 48 kDa. Fucose, galactose, and uronic acid/glucose dimers were detected in all fractions, although, xylose was only detected in fucoidan_1 and 6. In a concentration of 10 µg·mL(-1), Fucoidan_6 showed the highest heparin-like anticoagulant activity and could prolong the APTT and TT significantly to 66.03 ± 2.93 and 75.36 ± 1.37 s, respectively. In addition, fucoidan_M demonstrated the highest potency against HSV-1 with an IC50 of 2.41 µg·mL(-1). The technique proved to be a candidate for fucoidan purifaction from its crude extract removing the precipitation step from common purification protocols and produced different fucoidan qualities resulted from the different incubation conditions with the immobilized thiazine toluidine blue O dye.
Ras/Rac-Dependent Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated by Cyclic Strain Stress (2000)

p38, a subfamily of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), is a crucial signal transducer between a variety of extracellular stimuli and gene expression in mammalian cells. This kinase is activated in cultured cells stimulated by heat shock, osmotic stress, and proinflammatory cytokines, but a similar activation of p38 MAPKs in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) stimulated by mechanical stress has yet to be studied. We studied signal pathways leading to time- and strength-dependent p38 activation in rat SMCs in response to cyclic strain stress. p38 phosphorylation in stressed SMCs showed maximal activation at 10 minutes. This activation was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the SMCs with pertussis toxin, a G-protein antagonist, and enhanced by treatment with suramin, a growth factor receptor antagonist, but opposite effects in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases stimulated by mechanical forces were found. p38 activation was markedly reduced in stressed SMCs after protein kinase C depletion. Interestingly, SMC lines stably expressing dominant-negative ras (ras N17) or rac1 (rac1 N17) almost abolished p38 phosphorylation induced by cyclic strain stress. When p38 activation was inhibited by the specific inhibitor SB 202190, SMC migration, determined in a Boyden chamber in response to stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and SMC proliferation, stimulated by cyclic strain stress, were abrogated. Thus, we provide the first evidence that cyclic strain stress rapidly activates p38 MAPKs via activation of protein kinase C ras/rac signal pathways, suggesting that p38 MAPKs are important signal transducers mediating the mechanical stress-induced cell responses essential for SMC migration and proliferation.
Cardiovascular variability signals: towards the identification of a closed-loop model of the neural control mechanisms (1988)

The authors consider parametric methods for processing cardiovascular signals and try to provide a global, although indirect evaluation of some neural regulatory activities. In particular, the variability signals of the heart rate (under the form of interval tachogram) and arterial blood pressure (systogram) together with respiratory movement signal (respirogram) are considered as inputs to a closed-loop model which describes a few aspects of the physiological interactions among the signals themselves. The identifiability of the transfer function of the model is demonstrated from the joint process black-box description of the signals. A direct identification procedure is proposed dividing the system into two dynamic adjustment models. A few suggestions are deduced on how and where the respirogram enters the model and on the genesis of the 10-s rhythm, parameters relevant to the Starling effect, Windkessel model, and the gain of baroreceptor mechanisms. The approach presented is intended also to provide a general frame for closed-loop identification in different pathophysiological conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ANTIGENEMIA AS A USEFUL MARKER OF SYMPTOMATIC CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION—A REPORT OF 130 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS (1989)

In earlier work we demonstrated that CMV immediate early antigens can be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with active CMV infection. We now report a comparison of the antigenemia assay and an anti-CMV ELISA in a prospective longitudinal study of 130 renal transplant recipients who were monitored for active CMV infection during the first 3 months after transplantation. Active CMV infection developed in 56 patients. The antigenemia assay had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 93% in the diagnosis of active CMV infection; for the ELISA these figures were 95 and 100%, respectively. In 22 of the 56 patients a CMV syndrome occurred. Antigenemia was demonstrated in all 22 patients while an antibody response occurred in 21 of them. The antigenemia assay became positive 8 +/- 7 days before the onset of symptoms while the antibody response was observed 4 +/- 9 days after the onset of symptoms. The pattern of antigenemia was helpful for monitoring the course of the infection. The maximum level of antigenemia was significantly higher and its duration significantly longer in symptomatic than asymptomatic infection. We conclude that CMV antigenemia is a sensitive, specific, and early marker of CMV infection. The antigenemia assay is of great value in monitoring patients with a high risk of CMV infection.
A Practical Introduction to Borehole Geophysics (1987)

“The introduction to borehole geophysics presented here emphasizes hardware, operational aspects, key geophysical measurements along with their pitfalls, and an overview of well log interpretation principles. This introduction gives an explanation of what is seen at the wellsite while the interpretation chapters aid in understanding how logs are used for formation evaluation, their most immediate purpose. This overview will help in understanding how each piece of a logging course fits together. By understanding well-logging principles, an explorationist will have a better knowledge of geophysical well logging than is provided by an interpretation course alone and will develop a better background from which to make log quality judgments.”
A low-complexity graph-based LMMSE receiver designed for colored noise induced by FTN-signaling (2014)

We propose a low complexity graph-based linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalizer which considers both the intersymbol interference (ISI) and the effect of non-white noise inherent in Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. In order to incorporate the statistics of noise signal into the factor graph over which the LMMSE algorithm is implemented, we suggest a method that models it as an autoregressive (AR) process. Furthermore, we develop a new mechanism for exchange of information between the proposed equalizer and the channel decoder through turbo iterations. Based on these improvements, we show that the proposed low complexity receiver structure performs close to the optimal decoder operating in ISI-free ideal scenario without FTN signaling through simulations.
Fabrication and Characterization of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>Intercalated Zn-Al- Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocontainer (2016)

Zn-Al-NO3− layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocontainers loaded with PO43− anion with capability of releasing inhibitive species and absorbing corrosive chloride ions were successfully synthesized by an anion exchange route. The prepared nitrate based LDHs were well characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermalgravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The inhibitive performance of the Zn-Al-PO43− LDH nanocontainer was investigated by electrochemical noise (EN) and surface analysis. Results revealed that Zn-Al-PO43− LDH nanocontainer can dramatically reduce the corrosion rate of mild steel through releasing inhibitive species i.e. phosphate anion and zinc cations and absorbing the chloride anions. Zn-Al-PO43− LDH nanocontainers were also incorporated into a silane film and then applied on mild steel. Finally, epoxy coating was applied on the steel samples without and with silane treatment. EN and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) tests were performed on the sample to reveal its self-healing performance. Results showed enhanced active corrosion protection properties of silane film after addition of Zn-Al-PO43− LDH compared to Zn-Al-NO3− LDH. Zn-Al-PO43− LDH protected the defect site through forming a protective film. This self-healing co-delivery system has significant promise for the improvement of coating protection.
Phonon mediated position resolved detection of alpha -particles with superconducting tunnel junctions (1988)

The authors report that 5-MeV alpha -particles bombarding the back of a silicon wafer (3-mm thick) through two collimating holes of 0.75-mm distance were simultaneously detected with three Al tunnel junctions (5-mm separation) at the opposite face of the wafer. Signals from the junctions originated from phonons traveling ballistically from the region of absorption to the crystal surface. The highly anisotropic phonon flux that arise from phonon focusing effects and the relative timing of pulses from different junctions allowed a clear separation of events from alpha -particles passing through different holes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long‐term Retention of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills After Shortened Chest Compression–only Training and Conventional Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

UMIN-CTR UMIN000001675.
A high-speed MAP architecture with optimized memory size and power consumption (2002)

This paper presents a novel high-speed maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder architecture with optimized memory size and power consumption. Area and power consumption are both reduced significantly, compared to the state-of-the-art. The architecture is also capable of decoding recursive systematic convolutional codes which are the constituent codes of the revolutionary turbo-codes and related concatenation schemes. The architecture is highly scalable with respect to throughput, expanding its applicability over a wide range of throughput requirements (300 Mbit/s-45 Gbit/s and above).
DRUG ADDICTION: A MEDICAL PROBLEM (1963)

DRUG ADDICTION: A MEDICAL PROBLEM Affiliation Theodore Rosenthal CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.53.1.127-a Published Online: October 03, 2011
The polarization of the motile cell (1999)

Polarization of the motile cell is associated with the formation of a distinct plasma membrane domain, the pseudopod, whose stabilization determines the directionality of cell movement. The rapid movement of cells over a substrate requires that an essential aspect of cell motility must be the supply of the necessary molecular machinery to the site of pseudopodial extension. Renewal of this pseudopodial domain requires the directed delivery to the site of pseudopodial protrusion of proteins which regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cell-substrate adhesion, and localized degradation of the extracellular matrix. Polarized targeting mechanisms include the targeted delivery of beta-actin mRNA to the leading edge and microtubule-based vesicular traffic. The latter may include Golgi-derived vesicles of the biosynthetic pathway as well as clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis and recycling. Coordination of protrusive activities and supply mechanisms is critical for efficient cellular displacement and may implicate small GTPases of the Rho family. While the specific molecular mechanisms underlying pseudopodial protrusion of the motile cell are well-characterized, discussion of these diverse mechanisms in the context of cellular polarization has been limited.
<title>Stereo vision and CMM-integrated intelligent inspection system in reverse engineering</title> (1998)

3D coordinates acquisition and 3D model generation for existing parts or prototypes are the critical techniques in reverse engineering. This paper presents an integrated intelligent inspection system of stereo vision and coordinate measurement machine which is fast, flexible and accurate for reverse engineering. It also emphatically discusses the principle, structure and key technique of the system.
Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Stroke-Induced Neurogenesis (2015)

Stroke affects one in every six people worldwide, and is the leading cause of adult disability. After stroke, some limited spontaneous recovery occurs, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Multiple, parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. For years, clinical studies have tried to use exogenous cell therapy as a means of brain repair, with varying success. Since the rediscovery of adult neurogenesis and the identification of adult neural stem cells in the late nineties, one promising field of investigation is focused upon triggering and stimulating this self-repair system to replace the neurons lost following brain injury. For instance, it is has been demonstrated that the adult brain has the capacity to produce large numbers of new neurons in response to stroke. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of stroke-induced adult neurogenesis, from a cellular and molecular perspective, to its impact on brain repair and functional recovery.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis of grain boundary oxides in 9Cr–1Mo steel and influence of grain size on scale spalling (1994)

When oxidised at 973 K, annealed 9Cr–1Mo steel forms convex oxide ridges at the boundaries of prior austenite grains. In addition to this morphological difference these grain boundary oxides show compositional dissimilarities with the oxides formed within the grains, as suggested by the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) , and substantiated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) results. Both EDX and secondary ion imaging confirm the high Si content of the oxides in the ridges. However, it is the synergistic influence of the variations in the chemical composition and morphological features of scales that governs the stability of the oxides growing within the alloy grains. These variations have their origin in the oxidation process at the alloy grain boundaries. Hence, to achieve a more complete understanding of this phenomenon, oxide ridges and the scales within the grains have been extensively characterised by obtaining depth profiles using SIMS and observing the morphological evolution using SEM and surface profilometry. The oxide ridges act as discontinuous interfaces, so that the oxides growing in the adjoining areas experience sufficiently high stresses to produce spalling. The finer the alloy grains, the greater the number of discontinuous interfaces (i.e., grain boundary ridges) and the stressed area, and therefore the earlier spalling occurs.MST/1824
Use of a Recombination Reporter Insert To Define Meiotic Recombination Domains on Chromosome III of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiotic recombination is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs usually occur in intergenic regions that display nuclease hypersensitivity in digests of chromatin. DSBs are distributed nonuniformly across chromosomes; on chromosome III, DSBs are concentrated in two "hot" regions, one in each chromosome arm. DSBs occur rarely in regions within about 40 kb of each telomere and in an 80-kb region in the center of the chromosome, just to the right of the centromere. We used recombination reporter inserts containing arg4 mutant alleles to show that the "cold" properties of the central DSB-deficient region are imposed on DNA inserted in the region. Cold region inserts display DSB and recombination frequencies that are substantially less than those seen with similar inserts in flanking hot regions. This occurs without apparent change in chromatin structure, as the same pattern and level of DNase I hypersensitivity is seen in chromatin of hot and cold region inserts. These data are consistent with the suggestion that features of higher-order chromosome structure or chromosome dynamics act in a target sequence-independent manner to control where recombination events initiate during meiosis.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (1992)

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a relatively new innovation in patient care which allows us to replace and maintain essential nutrients in patients in whom oral or tube feedings are contraindicated or inadequate. Insertion of a catheter into a large central vein permits one to concentrate hypertonic dextrose calories in normal daily fluid requirements. In addition, TPN solutions contain synthetic amino acids or protein hydrolysates, macroelements, electrolytes, and vitamins. Indications for TPN include intestinal fistulas, severe short bowel syndrome, unresolving pancreatitis, advanced inflammatory bowel disease, delayed postoperative gastrointestinal function, developmental anomalies of the intestinal tract, protracted diarrhea of infancy, and hypermetabolic states. Complications encountered in patients receiving TPN are catheter-related mechanical problems, infections, and metabolic abnormalities. In select patients, who otherwise would require repeated hospitalizations for malnutrition, encouraging results have been achieved by the use of TPN in the home.
A Novel and Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach for Wind Farm Micro-siting (2015)

Due to increasing penetration of wind energy in the recent times, wind farm owners tend to generate increasing amount of energy out of wind farms. In order to meet targets, many wind farms are operated with a layout of numerous turbines placed close to each other in a limited area leading to greater energy losses due to ‘wake effects’ instead of generating more power. To solve the probl em in the most optimal way, these turbines need to satisfy many other constraints such as topological constraints, minimum allowable capacity factors, inter-turbine distances etc. Existing methods to solve this complex turbine placement problem typically assume knowledge about the total number of turbines to be placed in the farm, which might be unrealistic. This study proposes a novel hybrid optimization methodology, a combination of evolutionary and classical optimization approaches, to simultaneously determine the optimum number of turbines to be placed in a wind farm along with their optimal locations. Application of the proposed method on a representative case study yields 43% higher Annual Energy Production (AEP) than the results found by one of the existing methods.
Effects of Brassinosteroid on Cell Division and Colony Formation of Chinese Cabbage Mesophyll Protoplasts. (1996)

Effects of epibrassinolide (EBR), one of the brassinosteroids (BRs), on culture of Chinese cabbage mesophyll protoplasts were researched. The addition of EBR to the liquid culture medium increased the cell division rate and the amount of soluble protein of the protoplasts during culture. These results showed that EBR enhanced cell reproduction of Chinese cabbage mesophyll protoplasts. EBR 10-1 mg/L was especially effective. After 3 weeks of culture, there were more cell clusters in the petri dishes containing EBR than in those not containing EBR. The number of clusters increased in direct proportion to the EBR concentration. The clusters in liquid medium were transferred to agarose solidified medium which contained the same concentration of EBR as liquid culture, and after that colony formation was observed. As the result, the addition of 10-1 mg/L EBR obviously enhanced colony formation of the protoplasts. It was shown that EBR was effective in multiplication of the protoplasts.
Do patients use marijuana as an antidepressant? (1996)

Several lines of evidence suggest that cannabis may have antidepressant effects. However, methodologic limitations in available studies make the results difficult to interpret. We review this literature and present five cases in which the evidence seems particularly clear that marijuana produced a direct antidepressant effect. If true, these observations argue that many patients may use marijuana to "self-treat" depressive symptoms.
Preparation and properties of some substituted quinazolino[3,2-b]-cinnolines (1966)

The preparations of the substituted quinol 3-amino-2-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one and some of its derivatives are described. When this quinol is oxidised with an acidic ferric chloride solution or with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution a quinone was formed, but it spontaneously ring-closed to give quinazolino[3,2-b]-cinnoline-2,7(13H)-dione, which was isolated as the hydrochloride. When the oxidation of the quinol was carried out with an acidic hydrogen peroxide solution the ring-closed products also formed as an intermediate, which was immediately converted into 1,3,4-trichloroquinazoline[3,2-b]cinnoline-2,7(13H)-dione, and only this dione was then obtained.