gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly of ultra thin and flexible ICs (2000)

The Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration in Munich has developed a process for manufacturing ultra thin ICs with a thickness down to 10 /spl mu/m. These very thin ICs offer several advantages like low package height, flexibility and low topography for interconnection. These properties make them an ideal candidate for their integration in flexible substrates like polymer foil or even paper. Possible applications for such systems are electronic labels, tickets or security papers. For these systems different die bonding and electrical interconnection methods can be used. Dies are bonded by adhesive. Due to low topography ultra thin ICs can then be interconnected just by screen printing of polymer paste or by using the flip chip technique with anisotropic conductive adhesive. The paper describes new fundamentals for interconnection of ultra thin ICs and systems to flexible substrates. Accurate dosing of adhesive for die bonding with a thickness of adhesive of approx. 5 micron was developed. Solutions for handling of ultra thin and flexible ICs was found. An optimal process flow was developed by investigations at different types of substrates (paper, polymer foil, electronic flex substrates), different adhesives (epoxy, cyanacrylates) deposition methods (dispensing, stamping and dipping) and interconnection techniques. The properties of the assembled test systems, in due to reliability under mechanical and thermo mechanical stresses have been evaluated and are discussed.
Capacity achieving modulation format for high-speed optical networks (2009)

In recent years, we have witnessed an increased demand on optical-networks transmission-capacities due to the growing popularity of the Internet and multimedia in everyday life. According to industry expert estimates, 1Tb/s-Ethernet should be standardized by the year 2012-2013. To this end, we propose a non-uniform modulation format that achieves the channel capacity for SNRs of up to 25dB. The proposed modulation format is optimized for ASE-noise-dominated channels and can achieve 400Gb/s data rate per polarization utilizing the currently-available components operating at 50-GSymbols/s. One major benefit of the current scheme is that it is an affordable upgrade to the current systems.
Results of artificial insemination of horses in Poland in the post-war period. (1975)

Artificial insemination (A.I.) of mares in Poland has not yet been widely applied. Initial attempts were made by research groups between 1945 and 1955 but A.I. of mares was only introduced into the normal practice of A.I. Centres during 1964-67. Intensive research into methods for preserving stallion semen in liquid nitrogen has been undertaken since 1968. Of the total of 3734 mares artificially inseminated in Poland since 1945, 350 were inseminated with frozen semen. The slow progress of A.I. in horses is imputed to the small numbers of people involved in the work, to the conservation of the authorities responsible for breeding, to the wrong choice of stallions for A.I. Centres and, most importantly, to the lack of a simple and reliable method of preservation of stallion semen.
Dsp First: A Multimedia Approach (1997)

From the Publisher:
This hands-on, multimedia package provides a motivating introduction to fundamental concepts, specifically discrete-time systems, for beginning engineering students. It is suitable for introduction to electrical engineering, undergraduate digital signal processing, and survey courses in electrical engineering for non-majors. This class-tested learning package can also be used as a self-teaching tool for anyone eager to discover more about DSP applications, multimedia signals, and MATLAB. Unique features such as visual learning demonstrations, MATLAB laboratories, and a bank of solved homework problems are just a few things that make this an essential learning tool for mastering fundamental concepts in today's electrical and computer engineering curricula.
Tunica vaginalis autografting for Peyronie's disease: an experimental study. (1979)

Groups of dogs were studied at varied intervals after autografting of tunica vaginalis from the testes to cover excised patches of tunica albuginea of the penis. Postoperative cavernosography revealed neither ballooning nor chordee. Histologically, the grafts were well accepted and uniformly merged with the neighboring collagen tissues at 6 months. We propose that tunica vaginalis would be ideally suitable for autografting to the penis after excision of Peyronie's plaques.
Product Equivalence Study Comparing the Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Various Human Immunoglobulin‐G Formulations (2000)

In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, a commercially available human immunoglobulin-G product, IVIG, was compared with two test formulations: (1) IVIG-N, which is a nanofiltered formulation of IVIG, and (2) IVIG-L, which is a nanofiltered, liquid, ready-for-use IgG formulation containing nicotinamide, L-proline, and L-isoleucine as stabilizers. Three groups of 10 healthy subjects each received a single 0.6 g/kg dose of one of the formulations infused over 3.5 to 6.8 hours, depending on the total volume to be infused. Blood samples were obtained over a 6-week period to assess pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and the pharmacodynamic effects on leukocytes and TNF-alpha. A blood sample was taken at 6 months for a viral safety check. Administrations were generally well tolerated with only one reference IVIG infusion stopped prematurely due to headache. The IgG Cmax and AUC over the 6-week blood sampling period from both test formulations satisfied equivalence criteria compared with the reference formulation. In subjects receiving IVIG-L, peak concentrations of the stabilizer nicotinamide ranged from 0.34 to 0.47 mmol/L and of nicotinamide-N-oxide from 0.03 to 0.04 mmol/L, which are below those reported to cause adverse events. During the infusion of IVIG, leukocyte counts initially declined from a baseline of 5.7 +/- 1.1 x 10(9)/L to 3.7 +/- 0.8 x 10(9)/L at 2 to 4 hours and returned to baseline by 24 hours. TNF-alpha levels, reflecting activation of the monocyte-macrophage system by the infused IVIG, rose from a baseline of 13 +/- 4 pg/mL to a peak of 272 +/- 324 pg/mL at 2 to 4 hours and returned to baseline by 24 hours. These patterns were generally similar for the test formulations, with the exception that the increase in TNF-alpha levels was dampened for IVIG-N, although this was not statistically significant. There was no evidence of immunogenicity or viral transmission from any of the formulations. Hence, these three formulations were generally well tolerated, yielded similar systemic exposure to IgG over a 6-week period after administration, and did not give rise to immunogenicity or viral safety concerns.
The energy dashboard (2009)

Presenting a fairly controlled environment for instrumentation and implementation of energy use policies, the University of California at San Diego provides an excellent testbed to characterize and understand energy consumption of buildings at the scale of a small town with over 45,000 residents. We present data collected from four selected buildings that are archetypes of diverse buildings from residence halls to data centers. In particular, we focus on 'mixed-use' buildings where the energy consumption of IT equipment accounts for more than a quarter of the total energy use. Our detailed observations identify the primary components of the baseline energy use and the sources of peaks in energy consumption. Surprisingly, computing accounts for a large fraction of the baseline energy use, thus giving insights in how to significantly reduce power consumption by creating effectively duty-cycled buildings.
A model for early events in the assembly pathway of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes (1998)

Biological self-assembly is remarkable in its fidelity and in the efficient production of intricate molecular machines and functional materials from a heterogeneous mixture of macromolecules. The phycobilisome, a light-harvesting structure of cyanobacteria, presents the opportunity to study an in vivo assembly process in detail. The phycobilisome molecular architecture is defined, and crystal structures are available for all major proteins, as are a large sequence database (including a genome sequence) and effective genetic systems exist for some cyanobacteria. Recent studies on subunit interaction, covalent modification, and protein stability suggest a model for the earliest events in the phycobilisome assembly pathway. Partitioning of phycobilisome proteins between degradation and assembly is proposed to be controlled by the interaction equilibria between phycobilisome assembly partners, processing enzymes and chaperones. The model provides plausible explanations for existing observations and makes predictions that are amenable to direct experimental investigation.
General Theoretical Concepts for Solid State Reactions: Quantitative Formulation of the Reaction Cavity, Steric Compression, and Reaction-Induced Stress Using an Elastic Multipole Representation of Chemical Pressure (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral Theoretical Concepts for Solid State Reactions: Quantitative Formulation of the Reaction Cavity, Steric Compression, and Reaction-Induced Stress Using an Elastic Multipole Representation of Chemical PressureTadeusz Luty and Craig J. EckhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9, 2441–2452Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00114a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00114a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple depth/presence sensors: Integration and optimal placement for human/robot coexistence (2010)

Depth and presence sensors are used to prevent collisions in environments where human/robot coexistence is relevant. To address the problem of occluded areas, we extend in this paper a recently introduced efficient approach for preventing collisions using a single depth sensor to multiple depth and/or presence sensors. Their integration is systematically handled by resorting to the concept of image planes, where computations can be suitable carried out on 2D data without reconstructing obstacles in 3D. To maximize the on-line collision detection performance by multiple sensor integration, an off-line optimal sensor placement problem is formulated in a probabilistic framework, using a cell decomposition and characterizing the probability of cells being in the shadow of obstacles or unobserved. This approach allows to fit the optimal numerical solution to the most probable operating conditions of a human and a robot sharing the same working area. Three examples of optimal sensor placement are presented.
Modeling Grain Nitrogen Accumulation and Protein Composition to Understand the Sink/Source Regulations of Nitrogen Remobilization for Wheat (2003)

A functional explanation for the regulation of grain nitrogen (N) accumulation in cereal by environmental and genetic factors remains elusive. Here, new mechanistic hypotheses of grain N accumulation are proposed and tested for wheat (Triticum aestivum). First, we tested experimentally the hypothesis that grain N accumulation is mostly source regulated. Four contrasting cultivars, in terms of their grain N concentrations and yield potentials, were grown with non-limiting N supply. Grain number per ear was reduced by removing the top part of the ear at anthesis. Reduction in grain number gave a significant increase in N content per grain for all cultivars, showing that grain N accumulation was source regulated. However, on a per ear basis, cultivars with a high grain number fully compensated their N accumulation for reduced grain number at anthesis. Cultivars with a lower grain number did not compensate completely, and grain N per ear was decreased by 16%. Second, new mechanistic hypotheses of the origins of grain N source regulation and its response to environment were tested by simulation. The hypotheses were: (a). The regulation by N sources of grain N accumulation applies only for the storage proteins (i.e. gliadin and glutenin fractions); (b). accumulation of structural and metabolic proteins (i.e. albumin-globulin and amphiphilic fractions) is sink-regulated; and (c). N partitioning between gliadins and glutenins is constant during grain development and unmodified by growing conditions. Comparison of experimental and simulation results of the accumulation of grain protein fractions under wide ranges of N fertilization, temperatures, and irrigation supported these hypotheses.
Receptor assay based on surface plasmon resonance for the assessment of the complex formation activity of cyclosporin A and its metabolites (2003)

The receptor assay determines the complex formation activity of CsA and its metabolites with high sensitivity and precision.
Effect of nutrition on pellet formation by <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i> (1989)

Many fungi can grow in submerged culture in different forms ranging from dispersed filaments to pellets. Factors which affect growth morphology include level and type of inoculum, medium shear, medium constitutents, and pH.'.' Various fungal fermentations require different growth morphologies for optimum product yield. Pelleted growth is preferred for itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terr e ~s . ~ Pelleted and filamentous growth have been used for pencillin p r o d ~c t i o n . ~. ~ Filamentous growth is preferred for pectic enzyme production by Aspergillus niger6 and for fumaric acid production by Rhizopus arrhizus. 7.8 Growth morphology affects nutrient and oxygen uptake rate in submerged culture.' Filamentous growth increases the viscosity of the medium, thereby requiring a higher power input to maintain adequate mixing and aeration." Viscosity of media containing pellets is substantially lower and less power is required for aeration and agitation.*'.'2 Higher specific growth rates are achieved with filamentous growth. I3.l4 Pellet interiors often become anaerobic and fungal growth is confined to the external region of the pellet. l5,I6
Hydrogels as controlled release devices in agriculture (2002)

Recently, there has been a great deal of research activity in the development of hydrogels as controlled release devices. The present review provides a brief introduction to various methods of synthesis, properties, types of hydrogels, and cross-linking agents which have been used for the preparation of hydrogels exhibiting suitable properties for agricultural applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Recognition of 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol Enantiomers by Twisted Amidine Derivatives: Rational Design of a Highly Enantioselective Receptor (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antimicrobial activity of saponins from <i>Medicago</i> sp.: structure‐activity relationship (2006)

The antimicrobial activity of saponins from Medicago sativa, M. arborea and M. arabica against a selection of medically important yeasts, Gram-positive and -negative bacteria was investigated. Structure-activity growth inhibitory effects of related prosapogenins and sapogenins are also described. Increasing antibiotic activity was observed going from the saponin extracts to the sapogenin samples, suggesting that the sugar moiety is not important for the antimicrobial efficacy. Activity was especially high against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) with M. arabica being the species showing a broader spectrum of action. Discrete antifungal activity was also observed, mainly against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The observed antimicrobial properties of M. sativa and M. arborea were related to the content of medicagenic acid, while hederagenin seems to contribute to the bioactivity of M. arabica total sapogenins.
Antiinfective activity of a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L. (1997)

A methanol extract (PC) has been obtained from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. The antiinfective activity of the plant preparation was studied. The extract inhibited the reproduction of a range of viruses (influenza, herpes simplex, vaccinia, HIV-I) in cell cultures. Its antiinfluenza effect was most pronounced; PC reduced the infectivity of various influenza virus strains in vitro and protected mice in experimental influenza infection. The polyphenol extract inhibited the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
Multicast TCP via concast merged acknowledgments (2004)

One of the challenges in reliable multicast is approximating or replicating TCP's congestion control algorithm. This has led to various proposals to adapt TCP itself for use over multicast. The drawback of these multicast TCP services is that they place significant processing load on the sender and they fail to deal with the problem of ACK implosion. This paper shows how concast, a network-layer aggregation service, can be used in conjunction with a standard (unmodified) TCP implementation to support reliable multicast while avoiding ACK implosion and offloading ACK processing. Our prototype implementation shows that, even for relatively small groups, distributing the ACK processing and reducing ACK losses translates into significant improvements in end-to-end transmission rates.
Fabrication and Characterization of Si Membranes (1988)

We have fabricated Si (100) membranes about 2 μm thick by several different techniques using open‐circuit and biasing potentials with high molarity aqueous solutions. These membranes are characterized by visible‐infrared transmittance and reflectance, scanning with focused Ar+ ion laser beam, and by Raman scattering in order to access thickness uniformity, roughness and strain properties. These techniques may lead to better control of membrane structure for masked ion beam and x‐ray lithography applications.
The Papuan administrator as development broker: governing New Guinea between 1950 and 1962 (2007)

Our data indicated that handrubs based on 70% ethanol (v/v) with a recommended volume of 1.1 mL per application do not ensure complete coverage of both hands and do not achieve current ASTM efficacy standards.
An information model for software operation systems (2002)

A domain model for software maintenance and delivery is proposed and a specific information model for a telephone switching support system is derived from it by using object-oriented analysis. This domain modeling and information-model construction method can easily define boundaries for complicated tasks and can be reused for other target systems. Since the derived information model does not have any redundant objects or services, the authors believe that it will facilitate the development of systems that have consistency among objects and specialized services.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography (2010)

Due to recent technological improvements, namely in the field of piezoelectric sensors, ballistocardiography - an almost forgotten physiological measurement - is now being object of a renewed scientific interest.Transcending the initial purposes of its development, ballistocardiography has revealed itself to be a useful informative signal about the cardiovascular system status, since it is a non-intrusive technique which is able to assess the body's vibrations due to its cardiac, and respiratory physiological signatures.Apart from representing the outcome of the electrical stimulus to the myocardium - which may be obtained by electrocardiography - the ballistocardiograph has additional advantages, as it can be embedded in objects of common use, such as a bed or a chair. Moreover, it enables measurements without the presence of medical staff, factor which avoids the stress caused by medical examinations and reduces the patient's involuntary psychophysiological responses.Given these attributes, and the crescent number of systems developed in recent years, it is therefore pertinent to revise all the information available on the ballistocardiogram's physiological interpretation, its typical waveform information, its features and distortions, as well as the state of the art in device implementations.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia: a model disease which paved the way to powerful therapeutic agents (2002)

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by deficient or dysfunctional glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa compexes. The hallmark of the disease is impaired platelet aggregation stemming from defective fibrinogen binding to GPIIb/IIIa. Based on deciphering the abnormality in GT a monoclonal antibody, peptides and peptidominetic agents, all interfering with fibrinogen binding to GPIIb/III complex, have been developed and successfully used to create a transient thrombasthenia-like state in patients with imminent arterial thrombosis. Currently, the main benefit afforded by these agents has been observed in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions who are at high risk of thrombosis but more indications for their use are evolving.
Entwicklung von bodenkennwerten im internationalen organischen stickstoff‐dauerdüngungsversuch berlin‐dahlem nach drei fruchtfolgerotationen (1997)

Nach neun Versuchsjahren wurde im IOSDV eine Statusuntersuchung zu ausgewählten chemischen Kennwerten des Bodens vorgenommen. Der Ct‐Gehalt der ungedüngten Variante hat sich bisher auf 630 mg Ct/100 g Boden eingestellt. Bei Prüfgliedern mit organischer Düngung steigt der C‐Gehalt bis auf 906 mg/100 g Boden an. Es gibt eine enge Korrelation zum heißwasserlöslichen Kohlenstoffgehalt. Weitere Norg‐Werte wurden ermittelt. Die Fulvosäure‐ und Huminsäure‐C‐Gehalte der organischen Substanz folgen den Ct‐Werten. Die Unterschiede im P‐, K‐ und Mg‐Gehalt sind durch die inzwischen stärkere Differenzierung im Ernteentzug geprägt. Es werden bodenbiologische Kenndaten angegeben.