gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Polymeric Micelles with Hydrophobic Cores and Mixed Polyelectrolyte/Nonelectrolyte Shells in Aqueous Media. 1. Preparation and Basic Characterization (2001)

Hybrid polymeric micelles with compact polystyrene cores (PS) and mixed poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) shells (PMA/PEO) were prepared by mixing PS−PMA and PS−PEO linear diblock copolymer samples in 1,4-dioxane (80 vol %)/water. The mixture is a mild selective precipitant for PS and micelles with swollen PS cores, and either PMA or PEO shells form in both systems before mixing. Both types of micelles coexist in a mobile equilibrium with unimers and, because PMA and PEO are fairly compatible, hybrid micelles PS−(PMA/PEO) form spontaneously after mixing the individual micellar solutions. Hybrid micelles differing in the composition of the mixed shell were stepwise dialyzed into aqueous buffers. In aqueous media, the unimer−micelle equilibrium is kinetically frozen and the micelles behave as independent polymeric nanoparticles with glassy PS cores and mixed polyelectrolyte/nonelectrolyte shells. A number of experimental techniques (size-exclusion chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, and elastic and quasielastic light scattering measurements) were applied for characterization of the hybrid micellar systems.
Effects of fibrous cap thickness on peak circumferential stress in model atherosclerotic vessels. (1992)

It is likely that factors other than stenosis severity predispose some atherosclerotic plaques to rupture. Because focal increases in circumferential stress may be an important mechanism of plaque rupture, we examined peak circumferential stress of atherosclerotic lesions by using finite element analysis based on idealized two-dimensional cross sections of diseased vessels similar to intravascular ultrasound images. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that subintimal plaque structural features such as thickness of the fibrous cap are more important factors in the distribution of stress in the plaque than stenosis severity. The analysis incorporated equilibrium biomechanical parameters from normal and diseased vessels and determined the stress distribution within the plaque at a mean luminal internal pressure of 110 mm Hg. With a constant luminal area reduction of 70%, maximum circumferential stress (sigma max) normalized to luminal pressure (sigma max/P) increased from 6.0 to 24.8 as the thickne...
Propulsion system model of a mini UAV system (2014)

This paper is about the propulsion system model, which is developed using combination of flight test data and software analysis, for a mini UAV system (MUAS-2) developed jointly by ASELSAN Inc. and the Aerospace Engineering Department of the Middle East Technical University. Simulation is a critical and very important phase while developing the autopilot algorithms and a good system model is very important for testing the algorithm and tuning the gains of the autopilot. Dynamic modeling of the propulsion system which is the combination of the Propeller System and the Electric Motor System is very time consuming, expensive and requires much work load such as wind tunnel tests and experimental setups like test benches. To make everything easier and faster, propulsion system model of the MUAS-2 is developed using the Propeller Model and the Polynomial Based Motor Model as described in this paper. While developing the propulsion system model, neither the wind tunnel tests nor the test benches are used. Everything is investigated using analysis softwares and RC (Remote Controlled) flight test data.
Cyclodextrin-Modified Gold Nanospheres. Host−Guest Interactions at Work to Control Colloidal Properties (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCyclodextrin-Modified Gold Nanospheres. Host−Guest Interactions at Work to Control Colloidal PropertiesJian Liu, Sandra Mendoza, Esteban Román, Matthew J. Lynn, Renliang Xu, and Angel E. KaiferView Author Information Center for Supramolecular Science, Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Microscopy University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431 Particle Characterization, Beckman Coulter Inc. Miami, Florida 33196-2500 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 17, 4304–4305Publication Date (Web):April 15, 1999Publication History Received3 February 1999Published online15 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990330nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990330nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3554Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Colloidal particles,Colloids,Flocculation,Gold,Metal nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Fur Regulates the Expression of Virulence Factors That Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Pneumonia (2010)

The tremendous success of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen is due to the controlled expression of a diverse array of virulence factors. The effects of host environments on the expression of virulence factors and the mechanisms by which S. aureus adapts to colonize distinct host tissues are largely unknown. Vertebrates have evolved to sequester nutrient iron from invading bacteria, and iron availability is a signal that alerts pathogenic microorganisms when they enter the hostile host environment. Consistent with this, we report here that S. aureus senses alterations in the iron status via the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and alters the abundance of a large number of virulence factors. These Fur-mediated changes protect S. aureus against killing by neutrophils, and Fur is required for full staphylococcal virulence in a murine model of infection. A potential mechanistic explanation for the impact of Fur on virulence is provided by the observation that Fur coordinates the reciprocal expression of cytolysins and a subset of immunomodulatory proteins. More specifically, S. aureus lacking fur exhibits decreased expression of immunomodulatory proteins and increased expression of cytolysins. These findings reveal that Fur is involved in initiating a regulatory program that organizes the expression of virulence factors during the pathogenesis of S. aureus pneumonia.
Dual-Rate Integration Using Partitioned Runge-Kutta Methods for Mechanical Systems with Interacting Subsystems (2004)

A framework is presented that allows dual-rate numerical integration of the equations of mechanical system dynamics to be considered as a form of Partitioned Runge-Kutta (PRK) integration. Certain coefficients of a PRK integrator are set to zero, so that Runge-Kutta integrators that constitute the PRK integrator can be made to have different numbers of stages. As a result, one Runge-Kutta integrator requires fewer function evaluations than the other, which is a form of dual-rate integration. Well-established order of accuracy theory for PRK integrators is used to develop a rigorous methodology for designing explicit PRK dual-rate integrators. Stabilized Runge-Kutta theory that has been developed for single-rate Runge-Kutta integrators is combined with PRK integrator theory to design PRK dual-rate integrators with the largest possible stability regions. Dual-rate PRK integrators created using these approaches are used to simulate the dynamics of vehicle systems that contain subsystems with higher frequency response characteristics than the basic vehicle subsystems. 1
Design of helical-core circularly birefringent fibers (1986)

Circularly birefringent fibers have several important potential applications in coherent detection schemes and as the sensing fiber in electric-current monitors1 and magnetic-field detectors. Recently we reported2 a novel fiber based on the rotation of the polarization state which occurs when light is constrained to follow a helical path. Fibers fabricated with helical cores have already exhibited circular birefringence, which is an order of magnitude higher than has been obtained previously by twisting the fiber.
One‐Pot Formation of CC and CN Bonds through Palladium‐Catalyzed Dual CH Activation: Synthesis of Phenanthridinones (2011)

Two cycles in one pot! The synthesis of biologically important phenanthridinones has been achieved by the one-pot formation of CC and CN bonds through a palladium-catalyzed dual CH activation, which involves four bond ruptures and two bond formations (see scheme). The conversion of phenanthridinones into natural product like derivatives further demonstrates the utility of this synthetic achievement.
Optimizing service replication for mobile delay-sensitive applications in 5G edge network (2017)

Extending cloud infrastructure to the Network Edge represents a breakthrough to support delay-sensitive applications in next 5G cellular systems. In this context, to enable ultrashort response times, fast relocation of service instances between edge nodes is required to cope with user mobility. To face this issue, proactive service replication is considered a promising strategy to reduce the overall migration time and to guarantee the desired Quality of Experience (QoE). On the other hand, the provisioning of replicas over multiple edge nodes increases the resource consumption of constrained edge nodes and the relevant deployment cost. Given the two conflicting objectives, in this paper we investigate different optimization models for proactive service migration at the Network Edge, which can exploit prediction of user mobility patterns. In particular, we define two Integer Linear Problem optimization schemes, which aim at respectively minimizing the QoE degradation due to service migration, and the cost of replicas' deployment. Performance evaluation shows the effectiveness of our proposed solutions.
Development of low loop, long length, hydrostatically extruded bonding wire (2002)

Recent developments in the microelectronics field have led to an increasing need for low loop and long length Bonding Wires. In order to develop a product to meet these needs, we have investigated the effects of Be, Cu, Ag, Ca, Pt and Al additions to high purity 5Ns gold in conjunction with a hydrostatic wire extrusion process. Bonding wire break loads and recrystallization temperatures are plotted for varying levels of these dopants. Low loop and long length Gold bonding wire is achieved by optimizing the chemistry for high recrystallization temperature and strength.
The new CDC surgical water recommendations: why they should be implemented and what they require. (1996)

On May 28, 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued its new Recommended Infection-Control Practices for Dentistry, 1993. The American Dental Association adopted these recommendations in August of 1995. Although most of these recommendations are commonly practiced in most dental offices, one aspect has changed dramatically. In the current recommendations, the CDC formally states that sterile saline or sterile water should be used during dental surgical procedures. This article will discuss why these new water recommendations should be implemented and how they complement previously issued CDC recommendations.
Synthesis of a Novel Structural Variant of Imidazoquinazoline with Three-Point Diversity (2006)

An efficient strategy for the preparation of a novel structural variant of imidazoquinazolines with three-point diversity has been described. The compounds were obtained by treating benzil with o-nitrobenzaldehyde to give imidazoles, followed by reduction of the nitro group to give an aryl amine. Condensation-cyclization of the resulting intermediate with isothiocyanates in the presence of DBU for 45 minutes at room temperature furnished the title compounds in high yields and purities.
Bioavailability of Albumin-Bound Testosterone† (1985)

The unbound fraction of plasma testosterone (T) can freely enter tissues, whereas the bioavailability of the albumin-bound T is controversial. A clinical observation in hirsute women receiving spironolactone suggested an experimental paradigm to test the effect of albumin binding on T bioavailability. We found an increase in the non-T-estrogen-binding globulin-bound fraction of plasma T in women from 24.1 +/- 3.9% to 42.0 +/- 8.1% (+/-SEM) while they received spironolactone. Computer modeling indicated that the absolute increase in the albumin-bound T concentration would be about 22.4-fold greater than that in the unbound T concentration (the ratio of albumin-bound to free T remaining virtually constant) because of the binding of T to albumin. We reasoned that the addition of graded amounts of spironolactone and its metabolites to plasma would provide a means to increase the albumin-bound T concentration appreciably. We evaluated the biological effects of this perturbation of T transport by spironolactone and its metabolites in a bioassay system using the Oldendorf technique. Bioavailable T increased proportionately with increments in free and albumin-bound T (r = 0.85; P less than 0.01). A major portion of the albumin-bound T (i.e. 55%) entered tissues under all conditions; the amount that was bioavailable vastly exceeded the amount of T that was unbound in the injected samples. An index of the amount of bioavailable T can be determined using the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique, as the percentage of non-T-estrogen-binding globulin-bound T in vitro correlated well with T bioavailability in vitro (r = 0.86; P less than 0.01). These studies support the conclusion that albumin-bound T is biologically important.
Extrinsic Gettering via Epitaxial Misfit Dislocations: Electrical Characterization (1986)

The electrical properties of undoped silicon epitaxial layers, extrinsically gettered by interfacial misfit dislocations in underlying Ge‐doped Si layers, are presented. These results verify the efficiency and viability of this externally controlled gettering technique and are consistent with microscopic and chemical observations previously reported for intentionally contaminated material. The electrical measurements include diode leakage current, mobility, and minority‐carrier lifetime. The improvements in these parameters for extrinsically gettered Si, as compared to standard epitaxial samples, have been clearly demonstrated and are attributed to gettering of residual impurities. The electrical results also indicate that the Si surface device function is not vitiated by the buried interfacial defect layer or the occurrence of threading dislocations. Controlling the density and location (in‐depth) of the misfit dislocations via the Ge concentration and the undoped Si capping layer thickness was found to have a strong influence on the electrical properties.
Many-Task Computing: Bridging the Gap between High Throughput Computing and High Performance Computing (2009)

Many-task computing aims to bridge the gap between two computing paradigms, high-throughput computing and high-performance computing. Many-task computing is reminiscent to high-throughput computing, but it differs in the emphasis of using many computing resources over short periods of time to accomplish many computational tasks, where the primary metrics are measured in seconds (e.g. tasks per second, I/O per second), as opposed to operations per month (e.g. jobs per month). Many-task computing denotes high-performance computations comprising of multiple distinct activities, coupled via file system operations. Tasks may be small or large, uniprocessor or multiprocessor, compute-intensive or data-intensive. The set of tasks may be static or dynamic, homogeneous or heterogeneous, loosely coupled or tightly coupled. The aggregate number of tasks, quantity of computing, and volumes of data may be extremely large. Many-task computing includes loosely coupled applications that are generally
Germ‐free C57BL/6J mice are resistant to high‐fat‐diet‐induced insulin resistance and have altered cholesterol metabolism (2010)

ABSTRACT Recent studies showed that germ‐free (GF) mice are resistant to obesity when consuming a high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate Western diet. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms are involved in the antiobesity phenotype and whether GF mice develop insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with high‐fat (HF) feeding. In the present study, we compared the metabolic consequences of HF feeding on GF and conventional (conv) C57BL/6J mice. GFmice consumed fewer calories, excreted more fecal lipids, and weighed significantly less than conv mice. GF/HF animals also showed enhanced insulin sensitivity with improved glucose tolerance, reduced fasting and nonfasting insuline‐mia, and increased phospho‐Akt (Ser‐473) in adipose tissue. In association with enhanced insulin sensitivity, GF/HF mice had reduced plasma TNF‐α and total serum amyloid A concentrations. Reduced hypercholes‐terolemia, a moderate accretion of hepatic cholesterol, and an increase in fecal cholesterol excretion suggest an altered cholesterol metabolism in GF/HF mice. Pronounced nucleus SREBP2 proteins and up‐regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes indicate that enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis contributed to the cholesterol homeostasis in GF/HF mice. Our results demonstrate that fewer calorie consumption and increased lipid excretion contributed to the obesity‐resistant phenotype of GF/HF mice and reveal that insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism are metabolic targets influenced by the gut microbiota.— Rabot, S., Membrez, M., Bruneau, A., Gerard, P., Harach, T., Moser, M., Raymond, F., Mansourian, R., Chou. C. J. Germ‐free C57BL/6J mice are resistant to high‐fat‐diet‐induced insulin resistance and have altered cholesterol metabolism. FASEB J. 24, 4948–4959 (2010). www.fasebj.org
Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2002)

Approximately 150,000 small-molecule compounds were tested by a robotic screening assay for their ability to inhibit nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase), a novel enzyme of the tachyzoite form of Toxoplasma gondii. Five unrelated species of compounds were found to inhibit the activities of both NTPase isoforms (NTPase isoform I [NTPase-I] and NTPase-II). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) ranged from 0.1 to 20 microM, and in general, the IC(50)s were similar for both NTPase isoforms. However, the activity of NTPase-I was 20 times more sensitive than the activity of NTPase-II to one of the inhibitors: 9-hydroxy-10-(pentachlorophenoxy)stearic acid. The five compounds identified also prevented tachyzoite replication in vitro, with IC(50)s ranging from approximately 7 to > or =50 microM. The most effective of these initial compounds, 2-phenylthio-indole, was used to identify six additional, structurally related compounds, which were tested for their inhibitory effects on enzyme activities and tachyzoite replication. Surprisingly, these compounds were competitive inhibitors of NTPase-I but noncompetitive inhibitors of NTPase-II. Modifications to the indole and phenol rings resulted in alterations of activity, thus providing insight into the structural features that are important for inhibition of T. gondii NTPases.
Donor Leukocyte Transfusions for Treatment of Leukemic Relapse after Bone Marrow Transplantation (1998)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an effective treatment of leukemia. Intensive chemo- and radiotherapy used for conditioning and T-cells of the graft contribute to the control of leukemia. Animal experiments indicate that transfusion of lymphocytes from the marrow donor convert into complete chimerism without producing graft-versus-host disease, if delayed for two months or more. Transfusion of donor leukocytes (DLT) after marrow transplantation has induced lasting remissions in the majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in hematological or cytogenetic relapse, some patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), transformed phase CML and multiple myeloma (MMY). The mechanism of the graft-versus-leukemia reaction is discussed.
Contact-hole patterning for random logic circuits using block copolymer directed self-assembly (2012)

Block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) is a promising extension of optical lithography for device fabrication akin to double-patterning. The irregular distribution of contact holes in circuit layouts is one of the biggest challenges for DSA patterning because the self-assembly tends to form regular patterns naturally. Although the small guiding templates are shown to guide the self-assembly off the natural geometry by strong boundary confinement [1, 2] (Fig. 1), it is insufficient to simply surround contact holes with guiding templates without optimizing the placement and geometry of the guiding templates.
A class of partially coherent beams carrying optical vortices (2001)

A new class of partially coherent beams with a separable phase, which carry optical vortices, is introduced. It is shown that any member of the class can be represented as an incoherent superposition of fully coherent Laguerre-Gauss modes of arbitrary order, with the same azimuthal mode index. The free-space propagation properties of such partially coherent beams are studied analytically, and their M2 quality factor is investigated numerically.
Simultaneous Characterization of Bile Acid, Sterols, and Determination of Acylglycerides in Feces from Soluble Cellulose-Fed Hamsters Using HPLC with Evaporative Light-Scattering Detection and APCI–MS (2007)

The rapid rise in obesity-related diseases has increased interest in oral and dietary agents that disrupt fat metabolism, resulting in the excretion of dietary lipids in the feces. In this study, a rapid and convenient liquid chromatography method to comprehensively analyze fecal lipids in a single injection was developed. An evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for routine analysis or atmosphere pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry [(+)APCI-MS/MS] for structural confirmation and peak purity was used. The method was applied to characterize lipid components of feces from hamsters fed high-fat diets with either 5% microcrystalline cellulose or 5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) fibers, to test the effect of HPMC on lipid metabolism. HPMC is a nonfermentable, soluble cellulose fiber. The fecal lipid components identified using this method includes two secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and neutral sterols including cholesterol, coprostanol, stigmastanol, and sitosterol. The profile of fecal lipid components was compared between two groups. It was found that the bile acid excretion was increased 2-fold in HPMC-fed hamsters. More interestingly, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides were detected in feces from hamsters on HPMC-included high-fat diets. We believe that this is the first report of excretion of acylglycerides following neutral soluble fiber feeding.