gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an Engineering Model for Predicting the Transverse Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Composites (2009)

The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of fiber reinforced composites play an important role in the design and analysis of composite structures. Since the thermal expansion coefficients of polymer matrix materials are typically much higher than those of fibers, and the fiber often exhibits anisotropic thermal and mechanical properties, the stress induced in the composite due to temperature change is very complex. Large discrepancies exist among the analytical models for the transverse CTE of unidirectional composites. Hence, it is problematic when choosing a suitable model. With the development of computer technologies, finite element analysis (FEA) proved its effectiveness in calculating the effective CTE of composites. In this study, the transverse CTEs of unidirectional carbon fiber composites were calculated by finite element analysis using a representative unit cell. The analytical micromechanical models from literature were compared against the FEA data. It shows that Hashin’s concentric cylinder model is the best. However, it is inconvenient for practical applications due to the amount of computation. In this study, based on the FEA data, an engineering model for predicting the transverse CTE of unidirectional composites was developed by regression analysis. This model was validated against the FEA and experimental data. It shows that the developed model provides a simple and accurate approach to calculate the transverse CTE of unidirectional composites.
Design of Obstacle Avoidance System for Micro-UAV Based on Binocular Vision (2017)

A hardware system based on binocular vision sensor was designed for the detection and obstacle avoidance of micro-UAV in indoor environment. Using the two consumer-level cameras installed on the UAV from the different locations to obtain image information, by the FPGA combined with binocular vision algorithm to deal with two images after the realization of the three-dimensional depth of the space environment perception, access to the current indoor environment, effectively get the current three-dimensional environmental information. The micro-UAV has the ability to detect and escape obstacles in front of the flight path.
Viewpoint simulation for camera pose estimation from an unstructured scene model (2015)

We consider the problem of camera pose estimation from a scene model obtained beforehand by a structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithm. The model is made of 3D points, each one of them being represented by its coordinates and a set of photometric descriptors such as SIFT, extracted from some of the input images of the SfM stage. Pose estimation is based on the matching of interest points from a test view with model points, using the descriptors. Descriptors having a limited invariance with respect to viewpoint changes, such an approach is likely to fail when the test view is far away from the images used to construct the model. Viewpoint simulation techniques, as ASIFT, have proved effective for wide-baseline image matching. This paper explores how these techniques can enrich a scene model by adding descriptors from simulated views, using either orthographic or pinhole virtual cameras. Viewpoint simulation permits pose estimation in situations where the approach based on the sole SIFT descriptors simply fails.
Backtracking Regression Forests for Accurate Camera Relocalization (2017)

Camera relocalization plays a vital role in many robotics and computer vision tasks, such as global localization, recovery from tracking failure, and loop closure detection. Recent random forests based methods directly predict 3D world locations for 2D image locations to guide the camera pose optimization. During training, each tree greedily splits the samples to minimize the spatial variance. However, these greedy splits often produce uneven sub-trees in training or incorrect 2D-3D correspondences in testing. To address these problems, we propose a sample-balanced objective to encourage equal numbers of samples in the left and right sub-trees, and a novel backtracking scheme to remedy the incorrect 2D-3D correspondence predictions. Furthermore, we extend the regression forests based methods to use local features in both training and testing stages for outdoor RGB-only applications. Experimental results on publicly available indoor and outdoor datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, which shows superior or on-par accuracy with several state-of-the-art methods.
Dielectric loss control of high-K polymer composites by coulomb blockade effects of metal nanoparticles for embedded capacitor applications (2005)

Novel materials for embedded passive applications are in great and urgent demands. High dielectric constant and low dielectric loss are the most important dielectric materials prerequisites for embedded capacitors. It was demonstrated by the authors' that the carbon black (CB)/epoxy composites achieved ultra high K (>13,000). High dielectric loss, however, is the key issue of this material system. In this presentation, a novel method was introduced to control the dielectric loss of dielectric composites by taking advantage of the Coulomb blockade effect, the well-known quantum effect of metal nanoparticles. The increased K value and decreased dissipation factor were observed by the incorporation of in-situ formed Ag nanoparticles. The remarkably increased dielectric constant of the interfacial polarization-based composites is due to the piling of charges at the extended interface. The reduced dielectric loss was observed in the high dielectric constant composite materials containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles in virtue of Coulomb blockade effect. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the microstructure of the Ag/epoxy composites and the Ag/CB/epoxy composites in order to correlate the structure and morphology of the composites with the dielectric properties.
High frequency magnetic field sensors based on the Faraday effect in garnet thick films (1992)

The Faraday effect in the thick epitaxial films of magnetic garnets of the type used in magneto-optic isolators can be used as the basis for a fiber-optic magnetic field sensor. These films have uniaxial anisotropy perpendicular to the surface and they contain bismuth to enhance the Faraday rotation. The typical magnetic domain pattern of meandering stripes changes in response to an applied field perpendicular to the film and this changes the polarization of infrared light propagating perpendicular to the film. Theory and experiment show that the speed of operation is limited by relaxation or resonance effects to upper frequencies between 106 and 109 Hz. Maximum sensitivity requires low magnetic moment and large thickness, in conflict with the requirements for high speed.
Antimicrobial effect of a dental varnish, in vitro. (1992)

The effects of a polymer based antimicrobial releasing varnish Cervitec were investigated against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains as well as a yeast using the agar diffusion inhibitory test (ADT-test in vitro). As positive controls a 1% chlorhexidine gel and 1% aqueous solution of thymol and a placebo polymer varnish without active agents were employed. The test experimental varnish containing 1% chlorhexidine and 1% thymol showed antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms tested including one Candida strain. The positive controls were similar in effect compared to the test varnish. No antimicrobial effect was observed with the placebo varnish without active ingredients. Toothpicks and dental floss treated with the test varnish showed an antimicrobial effect against S. mutans even after storing in room temperature up to 12 months. The results from this study support earlier laboratory studies that chlorhexidine and thymol diffuse out of the experimental varnish and that the varnish is active against various of oral pathogens. The possibility to use toothpicks or dental floss impregnated with the varnish with the aim to become chemotherapeutically active against periodontal diseases as well as against dental caries, is promising and should be tested in vivo.
Plastic optical fibre with structural imperfections as a displacement sensor (2006)

An optical displacement sensor is presented. It is based on bending a multi-looped plastic optical fibre that has multi-structural imperfections on the outer side of its core. A theoretical model was developed which shows that losses of light in such fibres result from the attenuation of light in the structurally imperfect area. In this model, the structurally imperfect area is replaced by a uniform layer with a complex refractive index. The sensor was tested using two different types of imperfection geometry, and some experimental results are discussed. The sensor's highest sensitivity was achieved by multi-structural imperfections in the fibre's sensitive region. The sensitivity was improved even more by increasing the depth of the fibre's imperfections.
<title>Selective video content analysis and filtering</title> (1999)

Consumer digital video devices are becoming computing platforms. As computing platforms, digital video devices are capable of crunching the compressed bits into the best displayable picture and delivering enhanced services. Although these deices will primarily aim to continue their traditional functions of display and storage, there are additional functions such as content management for real- time and stored video, tele-shopping, banking, Internet connectivity, and interactive services, which the device could also handle.
Studies on Ketene and Its Derivatives. LXI. Reaction of Primary Amine with Chloroketene Diethylacetal (1974)

The reaction of chloroketene diethylacetal (I) with heterocyclic primary amines was studied. Reaction of aniline (IIa) with I afforded ethyl N-phenylchloracetimidate (III) in a good yield. However, 2-aminopyridine (IIb) and 2-aminoquinoline (IIc) reacted with I to give imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine derivatives (IV, V, and VI) and imidazo[1, 2-a]quinoline derivatives (XI, XII, XIII, and XIV), respectively. On the other hand, reaction of 2-aminothiazole (IId) and 2-aminopyrimidine (IIe) with I afforded 2-chloro-1, 1-diethoxy-ethylamine derivatives (XVIII, XXI), which were easily converted to the corresponding iminoether derivatives (XIX and XXII), respectively.
Models of the Cooperative Mechanism for Rho Effector Recognition (2004)

Activated GTPases of the Rho family regulate a spectrum of functionally diverse downstream effectors, initiating a network of signal transduction pathways by interaction and activation of effector proteins. Although effectors are defined as proteins that selectively bind the GTP-bound state of the small GTPases, there have been also several indications for a nucleotide-independent binding mode. By characterizing the molecular mechanism of RhoA interaction with its effectors, we have determined the equilibrium dissociation constants of several Rho-binding domains of three different effector proteins (Rhotekin, ROCKI/ROK beta/p160ROCK, PRK1/PKNalpha where ROK is RhoA-binding kinase) for both RhoA.GDP and RhoA.GTP using fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, we have identified two novel Rho-interacting domains in ROCKI, which bind RhoA with high affinity but not Cdc42 or Rac1. Our results, together with recent structural data, support the notion of multiple effector-binding sites in RhoA and strongly indicate a cooperative binding mechanism for PRK1 and ROCKI that may be the molecular basis of Rho-mediated effector activation.
Bluetooth (1998)

A few years ago it was recognized that the vision of a truly low-cost, low-power radio-based cable replacement was feasible. Such a ubiquitous link would provide the basis for portable devices to communicate together in an ad hoc fashion by creating personal area networks which have similar advantages to their office environment counterpart - the local area network (LAN). Bluetooth is an effort by a consortium of companies to design a royalty free technology specification enabling this vision. This article describes the vision and goals of the Bluetooth program and introduces the radio-based technology.
Plant stem cells as innovation in cosmetics. (2014)

The stem cells thanks to their ability of unlimited division number or transformation into different cell types creating organs, are responsible for regeneration processes. Depending on the organism in which the stem cells exists, they divide to the plant or animal ones. The later group includes the stem cells existing in both embryo's and adult human's organs. It includes, among others, epidermal stem cells, located in the hair follicle relieves and also in its basal layers, and responsible for permanent regeneration of the epidermis. Temporary science looks for method suitable for stimulation of the epidermis stem cells, amongst the other by delivery of e.g., growth factors for proliferation that decrease with the age. One of the methods is the use of the plant cell culture technology, including a number of methods that should ensure growth of plant cells, issues or organs in the environment with the microorganism-free medium. It uses abilities of the different plant cells to dedifferentiation into stem cells and coming back to the pluripotent status. The extracts obtained this way from the plant stem cells are currently used for production of both common or professional care cosmetics. This work describes exactly impact of the plant stem cell extract, coming from one type of the common apple tree (Uttwiler Spätlauber) to human skin as one of the first plant sorts, which are used in cosmetology and esthetic dermatology.
Aggregation of imprecise and uncertain information in databases (2001)

Information stored in a database is often subject to uncertainty and imprecision. Probability theory provides a well-known and well understood way of representing uncertainty and may thus be used to provide a mechanism for storing uncertain information in a database. We consider the problem of aggregation using an imprecise probability data model that allows us to represent imprecision by partial probabilities and uncertainty using probability distributions. Most work to date has concentrated on providing functionality for extending the relational algebra with a view to executing traditional queries on uncertain or imprecise data. However, for imprecise and uncertain data, we often require aggregation operators that provide information on patterns in the data. Thus, while traditional query processing is tuple-driven, processing of uncertain data is often attribute-driven where we use aggregation operators to discover attribute properties. The aggregation operator that we define uses the Kullback-Leibler information divergence between the aggregated probability distribution and the individual tuple values to provide a probability distribution for the domain values of an attribute or group of attributes. The provision of such aggregation operators is a central requirement in furnishing a database with the capability to perform the operations necessary for knowledge discovery in databases.
Gas Condensate Reservoir Behaviour: Productivity and Recovery Reduction Due to Condensation (1995)

ABSTRACT The depletion of gas condensate reservoirs to pressures below the dew point has been studied by reservoir engineers for many years. Pressure decline below the dew point pressure causes condensation to occur which creates a hydrocarbon liquid saturation in the reservoir. This process reduces liquid recovery and may reduce gas productivity and gas recovery. Exxon experience, particularly in low-productivity, high-yield gas condensate fields, suggests that liquid condensate formation can result in severe loss of well deliverability and therefore of gas recovery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the historical frequency and severity of productivity impairment due to near-wellbore condensate buildup and to identify reservoir parameters associated with severe productivity and recovery reduction. This study of gas condensate reservoirs included a survey of Exxon and published industry experience, a review of published laboratory data, and simulations with single well flow models. Data from 17 fields are included in this paper to demonstrate that severe loss of gas recovery occurs primarily in low productivity reservoirs. Production data from two wells were history matched with simple radial models to evaluate the potential range of the critical condensate saturation (the minimum mobile condensate saturation) and its impact on gas recovery. Published laboratory data for gas-condensate relative permeability were used as a starting point for these simulations. The primary conclusion from this study is that productivity impairment results in reductions in gas recovery for wells with a permeability-thickness below 1000 md-ft. The history matched simulations support a range of critical condensate saturations from 10% to 30%, in good agreement with published laboratory values.
Defense-Related Transcript Accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Colonized by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith (1996)

Accumulation of mRNAs for the defense-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase, chitinase (CHT), glucanase, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein were examined in roots of dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Moncalm) colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith. In three separate experiments the root length colonized ranged from 28 to 55% by 28 d after planting and inoculation. RNA blot analysis revealed little change in the accumulations of PAL, chalcone synthase, CHT, glucanase, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein transcripts from the 28-d mycorrhizal roots compared to the uninoculated controls. Normalizing the ratios of defense-related transcript accumulation against RNA pools regarded as being constitutively expressed, actin mRNA, 25S rRNA, and 18S rRNA, indicated that changes in the ratios of up to 20% occur according to the RNA pool used for normalization. In situ hybridizations of colonized roots using probes for PAL and CHT showed that accumulations of both transcripts occurred only in arbusculated cells. Both young, finely branched arbuscules and older, clumped arbuscules displayed PAL and CHT message accumulations. The PAL and CHT mRNA accumulations were greater in cortical cells containing young arbuscules than in cells containing clumped arbuscules. Intercellular hyphae and vesicles elicited no response.
Status of the European Data Relay Satellite System (2012)

The European Data Relay Satellite System (EDRS) is under implementation within the Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems Programme (ARTES-7) of the European Space Agency (ESA). After a successful demonstration of the Semiconductor-laser Inter-satellite Link EXperiment (SILEX) in 2001 between Artemis GEO satellite and SPOT-4 LEO satellite, EDRS will become the first commercial European data relay system providing a wide range of operational services (both optical and Ka-band based). A major difference between SILEX and EDRS is the selected optical technology and targeted performances of the laser links between the LEO satellite users and the GEO satellite nodes. The EDRS optical inter-satellite links (O-ISLs) are based on optical Laser Communications Terminals (LCT) which are developed and qualified by TESAT Spacecom under DLR German national funding . These LCTs are featuring a significantly increased data transmission rate, compared to SILEX technology, and at the same time reduced mass and size. The joint European Commission / ESA Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme will be the first customer of the EDRS service (Sentinel 1A/B and 2A/B LEO satellites). This paper will provide an overview of the EDRS project and the current development status of its LCTs.
CI-973, a new platinum derivative with potential antileukemic activity. (1992)

We examined the effects of CI-973 (supplied by Parke-Davis) on several human leukemia cell lines and a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) line and their drug-resistant counterparts. The cell lines used were HL-60, HL-60/mAMSA, HL-60/DOX, KBM3, KBM3/mAMSA 6, KBM3/mAMSA 6(85), CHO, and CHO/AC-7. DOX, mAMSA, and AC-7 indicate resistance to doxorubicin, amsacrine, or 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, respectively. Cells were incubated with CI-973, and the effect was evaluated by two methods: growth inhibition assay and inhibition of colony formation. All cell lines examined were inhibited by CI-973; two of three amsacrine-resistant lines and the one cytarabine-resistant line demonstrated collateral sensitivity. At equivalent dosages, a 4-day exposure provided much greater cell kill than a 1-h exposure. Clonogenic assay showed exponential killing over 3 log units. Maximum CI-973 levels required to kill 50% of cells were 10-fold lower than the peak plasma levels achieved in a phase I solid tumor study. A continuous infusion phase I study in acute leukemia has been initiated.
Content-driven navigation of large databases (1996)

Advances in digital storage technology and processing speed have made feasible the creation of large databases with rapid access to individual items stored therein. While many databases still comprise textual and numeric information, an increasing number are genuinely multi-media. A desirable - and attainable - goal of such diverse databases is to retrieve information from them in a manner that is minimally constrained by the medium in which the query is started. Consider a purely imaginary example: a database of the world's endangered species. For any single entry, we might expect any or all of the following: Still images, e.g. of the species in its natural habitat; Video clips, showing aspects of behaviour; Sound recordings; Textual descriptions; Numeric data, such as statistics. If we are navigating this database, and arrive at one of these items of information, we naturally expect to be able to move smoothly to any of the others that relate to the same species. In this paper, we will concentrate on visual methods for navigating such multi-media collections but, to begin with, we briefly review some of the available strategies for searching large databases.
Vehicle to Vehicle Interaction Maneuvers Choreographed with an Automated Test Driver (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern passenger cars are being equipped with advanced driver assistance systems such as lane departure warning, collision avoidance systems, adaptive cruise control, etc. Testing for operation and effectiveness of these warning systems involves interaction between vehicles. While dealing with multiple moving vehicles, obtaining discriminatory results is difficult due to the difficulty in minimizing variations in vehicle separation and other parameters. This paper describes test strategies involving an automated test driver interacting with another moving vehicle. The autonomous vehicle controls its state (including position and speed) with respect to the target vehicle. Choreographed maneuvers such as chasing and overtaking can be performed with high accuracy and repeatability that even professional drivers have difficulty achieving. The system is also demonstrated to be usable in crash testing.</div>