gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) mediated intramolecular C–C bond forming reaction (1999)

P. John Biju and G. S. R. Subba Rao, Chem. Commun., 1999, 2225 DOI: 10.1039/A906904F
Automatic extraction of coronary artery tree on coronary angiograms by morphological operators (2002)

This paper presents a new method of fully automatic detection of the coronary artery tree by using several morphological filters. The contrast between coronary artery and background is enhanced by the morphological Top-Hat operation and subtraction of the result from the original image. Pixels which are obviously out of the coronary artery are removed by the half-threshold processing and the erosion operation. The labeling according to gray level difference is done on the half-threshold image so as to extract the candidates of the coronary artery. The main part of the coronary artery is extracted as the biggest area among the labeled areas. Because the tip parts of the coronary artery are narrower than the area of main coronary artery, multi-structure elements of Top-Hat operator are used repeatedly to enhance the narrow artery. The morphological watershed transform is used to detect the edge of coronary artery on the gradient image of the original image. We have tried the method on several images. Results show that the method is efficient to detect the artery tree automatically even on a less contrast image.
Tricyclic heterocyclic systems: Pyrazolo[5′,4′:4,5]‐and pyrazolo‐[3′,4′:4,5]pyrano[2,3‐<i>b</i>]pyridine derivatives (1988)

Abstract By reacting 2‐chloronicotinoyl chloride with acetyl or benzoyl acetate, ethyl 2‐methyl‐ or 2‐phenyl‐4‐oxopyrano[2,3‐ b ]pyridine‐3‐carboxylates were prepared. The nucleophilic rearrangement of the latter with hydrazines gave rise to the title compounds.
Architecure of a Micro- payment System for Thin- Client Web Applications. (2002)

Some web-based services need to be charged for on a per-use basis, where each usage may be many thousands or even millions per day. Micro-payment is an approach to charging for web content (typically) for situations with a small cost-peruse/high use-frequency. We describe a prototype architecture for a new micro-payment model, called NetPay. We present an object-oriented design and describe a prototype implementation of NetPay for an on-line newspaper. We report on initial evaluation results deploying our NetPay prototype and outline directions for future research in micro-payment implementations.
Study on Transient Distributed Model of Frost on Heat Pump Evaporator (2005)

As a building energy saving equipment, the air-source heat pump is used broadly in china. At present, the lumped parameter model of frost, which is based on experiences and depend heavenly on the running conditions, is widely used in simulation study of air-source heat pumps. In this paper, a dynamic distributed parameter model is presented. The model takes the frost deposition on evaporator as one dimensional, transient formulation, whose mass and heat is transferred in porosity and has a moving boundary. Result shows that the proposed model favorably predicted the key parameters in frost formation and compared well with the experimental data.
Syntheses of Deoxynucleoside 3'-Triphosphates<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of Deoxynucleoside 3'-Triphosphates*John Josse and J. G. MoffattCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 12, 2825–2831Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00888a037https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00888a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of the intermediate filament protein vimentin and its amino terminus with lipid bilayers. (1987)

Immunofluorescence and electron microscopical studies on the intracellular distribution of intermediate filaments (IFs) have demonstrated a close proximity of these cytoskeletal structures to cellular membranes. Moreover, nonepithelial IF (protein)s have been shown to exhibit high affinities for lipids, especially for negatively charged and nonpolar lipids. Here, using hydrophobic labeling with the photoactivatable phosphatidylcholine analogue [3H]1-palmitoyl-2-[11-[4-(trifluoromethyldiazirinyl]undecanoyl+ ++]-sn- glycero-3-phosphorylcholine or with 1-azidopyrene at low and physiological ionic strength, it is demonstrated that the IF subunit protein vimentin can interact with the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers, in addition to strong ionic relationships between both reactants. Whereas the presence of acidic phospholipids in the lipid vesicles was absolutely essential for efficient vimentin labeling, cholesterol played a synergistic role in this reaction. Proteolytic degradation of photolabeled vimentin localized the derivatization exclusively to the non-alpha-helical, highly positively charged N-terminal domain of the filament protein. Furthermore, circular dichroism studies performed on the isolated N terminus of vimentin revealed a significant increase in the alpha-helical content of the polypeptide upon its interaction with vesicles containing negatively charged phospholipids. These results indicate an amphiphilic character of the N terminus and suggest that the cationic arginine residues of the N-terminal domain react with the negatively charged head groups of acidic phospholipids prior or parallel to interaction of the polypeptide with hydrophobic regions of the lipid bilayer.
Active aperture synthesis in observation of objects via distorting media (1987)

A study is made of the possibility of reconstruction of the spatial spectrum of the images of objects observed across media with unknown phase distortions by active aperture synthesis. An estimate is obtained of the precision of reconstruction of the amplitude and phase of the spatial spectrum.
CARRIER-MEDIATED MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF FOLATES IN MAMMALIAN CELLS (1999)

Mediated internalization of folates is required for cellular macromolecular biosynthesis. Multiple carrier-mediated mechanisms have been identified that can fulfill this role in a variety of mammalian cell types, including neoplastic cells, with and without proliferative potential. The absorption of dietary folates also relies on the function of a carrier-mediated system in mature luminal epithelium of small intestine. The various carrier-mediated systems can be distinguished by their preferences for various folate compounds as permeants as well as by differences in temperature and pH dependence. The widely studied one-carbon, reduced-folate transport system is mediated by a transporter encoded by the newly discovered RFC-1 (reduced-folate carrier) gene. The characteristics of this gene in rodent and human cells are similar, consistent with the close similarity between these species of folate transport mediated by this transporter. However, differences occur in the form of tissue-specific expression, alternate splicing, and 5' end mRNA heterogeneity, as well as in promoter utilization regulating transcription. RFC-1 gene expression also appears to regulate luminal epithelial cell folate absorption in small intestine. However, the properties of RFC-1-mediated folate transport in these cells is anomalous when compared with that seen in nonabsorptive cell types. Detailed mechanisms as to the regulation of RFC-1 transcription are now emerging along with other information on structure and function of the transporter and its alteration following mutation.
Speed superiority of scaled double-gate CMOS (2002)

Unloaded ring-oscillator simulations, performed with a generic process/physics-based compact model for double-gate (DG) MOSFETs and supplemented with model-predicted on-state currents and gate capacitances for varying supply voltages (V/sub DD/), are used to show and explain the speed superiority of extremely scaled DG CMOS over the single-gate (e.g., bulk-Si) counterpart. The DG superiority for unloaded circuits is most substantive for low V/sub DD/ < /spl sim/1 V.
Optical processing of bacterial libraries for directed evolution (2003)

Selection of phenotypically distinct bacterial colonies on a Petri dish is typically performed by one of two methods: chemical or mechanical. Chemical methods (e.g., antibiotic selection) rely on inherent growth advantages of the unique phenotypes desired and thus have limited applicability. Mechanical methods are generally slow and require relatively large colonies (typically hundreds of colonies per plate). Here the use of imaged light to select bacterial colonies is explored, employing either photodynamic therapy agents or a ferrochelatase mutation in combination with porphyrin precursors to sensitize the bacteria to light and a computer-controlled light projection system to illuminate some bacterial colonies while leaving others in the dark. A CCD camera was used to distinguish between bacteria expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from nonfluorescent colonies. The fluorescence image from the camera was then used to create a virtual masking image for photoselection. Using a simple commercial projector it was possible to confer a 56-fold selective advantage to colonies expressing GFP. This represents a potentially powerful tool in directed evolution experiments using large libraries.
NT-SwiFT: software implemented fault tolerance on windows NT (1998)

More and more high available applications are implemented on Windows NT. However, the current version of Windows NT (NT4) does not provide some facilities that are needed to implement these fault tolerant applications. In this paper, we describe a set of components collectively named NT-SwiFT (Software Implemented Fault Tolerance) which facilitates building fault-tolerant and highly available applications on Windows NT. NT-SwiFT provides components for automatic error detection and recovery, checkpointing, event logging and replay, communication error recovery, incremental data replications, IP packets re-routing, etc. SwiFT components were originally designed on UNIX. The UNIX version was first ported to NT to run on UWIN [Korn97]. Gradually a large portion of the software has been re-implemented to take advantage of native NT system services. This paper describes these components and compares the differences in the UNIX and NT implementations. We also describe some applications using these components and discuss how to leverage NT system services and cope with some missing features.
[RAPD method for the identification of intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrid plants of wheat]. (1999)

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to identify the hybrid nature of three kinds of intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrid plants of wheat: wheat (Triticum aestivum) + Haynaldia villosa, Wheat + Leymus chinensis and wheat + Agropyron elongatum. It was shown from the electrophoresis profiles that the genome of somatic hybrid plants contained specific section genome of both parents after DNA amplification with arbitrary primers. A specific RAPD product (DNA fragment of 0.77 kbp) of A. elongatum generated with primer OPJ-12 was isolated, purified, labeled and used as a probe. Southern blot from OPJ-12 primer-generated specific section genome of the hybrid (T. aestivum + A. elongatum) hybridized to this probe (0.77 kbp) proved that they are homologous in nature. This paper also discussed the advantage of RAPD method in identification of hybrid plants, especially asymmetric somatic hybrids.
Fas-mediated cell death in toxic epidermal necrolysis and graft-versus-host disease: potential for therapeutic inhibition. (2000)

Death receptors are a growing family of transmembrane proteins which can detect the presence of specific extracellular death signals and rapidly trigger cellular destruction by apoptosis. The best studied to date is Fas (CD95). Expression and signalling by Fas and its ligand (FasL, CD95L) is a tightly regulated process essential for key physiological functions in a variety of organs, including the maintenance of immune homoeostasis. Recently, strong evidence has shown that dysregulation of Fas expression and/or signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of toxic epidermal necrolysis and acute graft-versus-host disease. With these new developments, strategies for modulating the function of Fas signalling have emerged and opened up novel therapeutic possibilities. Specific blockade of Fas, for example with intravenous immunoglobulin preparations containing specific anti-Fas antibodies, has shown great promise in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis and may also be useful in the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease. Further developments in this field may have important clinical implications for the treatment of such diseases.
Vegetable‐based biodegradable lubricating oil additives (2003)

Recently, much effort has been focused on research and development of new types of lubricating oil additives to reduce wear and friction in the tribological systems. It has been noted that the use of additives to improve the lubricating capacity and durability of oil plays an important role in the wear and friction process of materials. Due to the environmental problems, many researchers are embarking on the viability of the vegetable‐based lubricants. In this article a critical review has been made on vegetable‐based lubricant additives with specific properties and application. This article explains the advantages and manufacturing processes of vegetable‐based oils, which will give a better understanding of using biodegradable lubricating oil additives. A case study on palm oil methyl ester as an additive has been presented in this paper.
Resonator/waveguide coupling in phononic crystals for demultiplexing and filtering applications (2010)

In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of different VHF resonators communicating through a PnC waveguide. Waveguide-based resonators are employed because of their high-Q, compactness, large spurious-free spectral ranges, and the possibility of better control over coupling to PnC waveguides. Two different mechanisms of coupling (direct and side coupling) are utilized and demonstrated. It is also shown that by modifying the defects in the formation of the resonator, the frequency of the resonance can be tuned. It is shown that the signal sent through the waveguide can be picked up by the matching resonator, while the cross coupling to the other resonators at a different frequency of resonance is at the noise level. These demonstrations evidence the possibility of realizing complex signal processing devices using coupled PnC waveguides and resonators in a low loss platform.
Optimized electrostatic inchworm motors using a flexible driving arm (2012)

A new motor architecture that uses in-plane electrostatic gap-closing actuators along with a flexible driving arm mechanism to improve motor force density is introduced, optimized, manufactured, and tested. This motor operates similarly to other inchworm-based microactuators by accumulating small displacements from the actuators into much larger displacements in the motor. Using an analytical model of the inchworm motor based on the static force equilibrium condition, optimizations of a full motor design were performed to maximize motor force density. In addition, force losses from supporting flexures were included to calculate the theoretical motor efficiency for different motor designs. This force density optimization analysis of the gap-closing actuators and supporting motor structures provided the basis for designing and manufacturing inchworm motors with flexible driving arms and gap-closing actuators. The motor required only a single-mask fabrication and demonstrated robust performance, a maximum speed of 4.8 mm s−1, and a maximum force on the shuttle of 1.88 mN at 110 V which corresponds to area force density of 1.38 mN mm−2. In addition, instead of estimating motor force based on drawn or measured dimensions which often overestimates force, the demonstrated maximum motor force was measured using calibrated springs. The efficiency of the manufactured motor was measured at 8.75% using capacitance measurements and useful work output.
Determining the optimum orientation of a greenhouse on the basis of the total solar radiation availability (2010)

This paper presents an approach to determining the optimum orientation of a greenhouse for year round applications for different climatic conditions. The most commonly used uneven-span single shape of greenhouse in east-west and north-south orientation have been selected for comparison. Total solar radiation input to each wall, included surfaces and roofs, is computed for both solar greenhouse orientation and compared for each month of the year at different latitudes at the northern hemisphere. Experimental validation is carried out for the measured global solar radiation data for horizontal surface and south wall at (44?N and 20?E), Belgrade, Serbia. The predicted and measured values are in close agreement. Results shows that east-west orientation of uneven-span solar greenhouse is the best suited during each months for all analyzed latitudes.
Adult human pancreatic duct and islet cells exhibit similarities in expression and differences in phosphorylation and complex formation of the homeodomain protein Ipf-1. (2000)

The homeodomain transcription factor encoded by the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene-1 (Ipf-1) is essential for pancreatic ontogenesis. Whether Ipf-1 is also involved in the neogenesis of beta-cells in the adult pancreas is unknown. We examined whether Ipf-1 is expressed in adult human pancreatic ducts, which are thought to generate new beta-cells. In tissue sections, virtually all duct cells were immunopositive for Ipf-1, as were the islet beta-cells but not the acinar cells. After isolation and culture, both duct and islet cell preparations contained the Ipf-1 immunoreactive proteins p42 and p45 (42 and 45 kDa, respectively) in similar proportions, but the expression levels were twofold lower in duct cells. After 4 h of labeling, the endocrine cells exhibited a sevenfold higher phosphorylation of p42 than the duct cells, whereas p45 was phosphorylated only in endocrine cells. Homeobox binding transcription factor complexes with Ipf-1 in duct cells differed from those in endocrine cells in terms of gel mobility, sequence specificity, and affinity. The observed similarities in Ipf-1 expression by adult human pancreatic duct cells and endocrine cells may reflect their common ontogenic origin, whereas the differences in Ipf-1 phosphorylation and complex formation may correlate with their divergent differentiation.
1.55 μm multiquantum well semiconductor optical amplifier with low gain ripple and high coupling efficiency for photonic circuit integration (1993)

The Letter demonstrates a 1.55μm multiquantum well amplifier on an extended InGaAsP passive waveguide with only ±0.14 dB gain. Reflectivity <8 × 10-5 from active-to-passive transitions and 41% coupling efficiency from single-mode fibre are obtained. These amplifiers are suitable for integration with other optical devices in photonic integrated circuits.
An overview of platforms for cloud based development (2016)

This paper provides an overview of the state of the art technologies for software development in cloud environments. The surveyed systems cover the whole spectrum of cloud-based development including integrated programming environments, code repositories, software modeling, composition and documentation tools, and application management and orchestration. In this work we evaluate the existing cloud development ecosystem based on a wide number of characteristics like applicability (e.g. programming and database technologies supported), productivity enhancement (e.g. editor capabilities, debugging tools), support for collaboration (e.g. repository functionality, version control) and post-development application hosting and we compare the surveyed systems. The conducted survey proves that software engineering in the cloud era has made its initial steps showing potential to provide concrete implementation and execution environments for cloud-based applications. However, a number of important challenges need to be addressed for this approach to be viable. These challenges are discussed in the article, while a conclusion is drawn that although several steps have been made, a compact and reliable solution does not yet exist.
Technique for measuring ultrasonic velocity and attenuation spectra in rocks under pressure (1982)

An ultrasonic pulse technique has been developed for measuring phase velocity and attenuation spectra in rocks inside a pressure vessel. This technique has been adapted from those used in the nondestructive evaluation field. In essence, a broadband acoustic pulse is directed into a lucite buffer, which is followed by the rock sample and another lucite buffer. The pulse partially reflects off both the front and back faces of the sample, and the reflected pulses are received by the transmitting transducer. Digital recording and signal processing techniques are used to analyze the signal. After Fourier transforming each pulse, correcting for diffraction effects, and allowing for partial reflections at the interfaces, the phase shift between pulses at each frequency yields the phase velocity and the amplitude reduction gives the attenuation. Tests on synthetic materials show that as currently implemented, the technique produces reliable measurements at frequencies above 400 kHz. Velocity and attenuation spectra are shown for brine saturated Massilon and Boise sandstones at different effective pressures.