gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimates of L:M cone ratio from ERG flicker photometry and genetics (2002)

Estimates of L:M cone ratio for males with normal color vision were derived using the flicker-photometric electroretinogram (ERG). These were obtained by best fitting ERG spectral sensitivity functions to a weighted sum of long (L)- and middle (M)-wavelength-sensitive cone spectral absorption curves. Using the ERG, measurements can be made with extremely high precision, which leaves variation in the wavelength of maximal sensitivity (lambda(max)) of the cone photopigments as the major remaining source of inaccuracy in determining the ratio of cone contributions. Here that source of inaccuracy was largely eliminated through the use of individualized L-cone spectral absorption curves deduced from L-pigment gene sequences. The method was used on 62 normal males as part of an effort to obtain a true picture of how normal variations in L:M cone ratio are distributed. The percentage of L cones in the average eye was 65%L [where %L = 100 X L / (L+M)]. There were huge individual differences ranging from 28%-93%L, corresponding to more than a 30-fold range in L:M ratio (0.4-13). However, the most extreme values were relatively rare; 80% of the subjects fell within +/-15 %L of the mean, corresponding to a 4-fold range in L:M ratio (1-4). The method remedies major weaknesses inherent in earlier applications of flicker photometry to estimate cone ratio; however, it continues to depend on the assumption that the average L cone produces a response with an identical amplitude to that of the average M cone. A comparison of the ERG results with the distribution of cone ratios estimated from cone pigment messenger RNA in cadaver eyes indicates that the assumption generally holds true. However, there may be a small number of exceptions in which individuals have normally occurring (but relatively rare) amino acid substitutions in one of their pigments that significantly affect the physiology of the cone class containing that pigment, so as to reduce the amplitude of its contribution to the ERG. Consistent with this possibility, extreme cone contribution ratios were found to be associated with atypical L-pigment amino acid combinations.
INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE PRACTICES ON YIELD, WATER CONSERVATION AND SOIL LOSS: RESULTS OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN THE EASTERN LOESS PLATEAU (HENAN PROVINCE, CHINA) (2004)

In order to examine the effect of alternative tillage practices on crop yield, water conservation and soil loss, a field study was conducted over a period of 4 years. On field plots near Luoyang (Henan province, China) the following tillage practices were applied: reduced tillage, no-tillage, subsoiling and conventional tillage. Rainfall simulation experiments were done to examine the effect of tillage on runoff and soil losses. Negligible runoff amounts were observed on the no-tillage plot. Subsoiling reduced runoff and soil losses by more than 50, respectively more than 90 % compared to conventional tillage. Although soil losses under reduced tillage decreased by half compared to conventional tillage, the differences in runoff amounts were small. For every year of the field trial period, subsoiling was found to give the highest yields. On average, an increase of 11% was observed compared to conventional tillage. The average yield from the no-tillage plots was slightly higher than under conventional tillage, while a slightly lower yield was found under reduced tillage. Because yield is an important criterion in promoting alternative tillage practices towards farmers, subsoiling can be regarded as a promising measure to improve soil and water conservation in the Eastern Loess Plateau of China.
Design of secured, high speed two way RF data link for airborne vehicle communication (2013)

The data-link is a key subsystem for any Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV), Surface to Air Missile (SAM), Air to Air Missile (AAM) and Air to Surface Missile (ASM). It provides two-way communication, either upon demand or on a continuous basis. An up-link provides control of the air vehicle flight path and commands to its payloads. The downlink provides both a low data rate channel to acknowledge commands and transmit status information about the aerial vehicle and a high data rate channel for payload data such as video, radar and navigation. In this paper we describe a novel secured, two way, high speed RF command and video data link system which enables real time, high speed, continuous data exchange between aircraft/missile/high dynamic vehicles and ground entities and vice-versa. This system uses advanced spread spectrum modulation, spread spectrum coding and decoding techniques to ensure signal security and multi-user access. This paper also discusses the RF data link system design issues faced in its development and the methods, technologies employed to overcome these challenges. It describes the system Architecture, behavioral operation and validation of the system. It also details successful demonstration of the technology and future plans for improvement of signal security and range of operation.
Prevention of programmed cell death in burkitt lymphoma cell lines by <i>bcl</i>‐2‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms (1992)

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines which retain the phenotypic characteristics of the freshly-isolated tumour cells (group I cells) readily enter programmed cell death (apoptosis) in response to a variety of triggers. By contrast, isogenic BL cells which are phenotypically altered as a result of activation of their resident EBV genome (group-III cells) are highly protected from apoptosis. Phenotypic changes in group-III cells include the up-regulation of the oncogene, bcl-2. Expression of the 26-kDa bcl-2 protein in group-I BL cells following gene transfer was found to afford protection from apoptosis: the degree of protection was proportional to the amount of bcl-2 protein expressed. When group-I bcl-2 transfectants were compared with their group-III counterparts it was found that, whilst bcl-2 made a significant contribution in protecting from entry into apoptosis, hyper-expression of bcl-2 protein in group-I cells (well beyond that of group-III cells) was necessary to attain the high levels of protection observed in group-III cells. These results suggested that additional, bcl-2-independent, survival mechanisms could operate in BL cells. In support of this notion it was also found that: (1) prolonged culture of group-I lines in vitro resulted in enhanced survival in the absence of bcl-2 up-regulation, and (2) exposure of group-I cells to interferon-alpha triggered a bcl-2-independent protective response. The molecular mechanisms of both the bcl-2-dependent and -independent survival pathways remain to be determined.
Studies of the Extraction and Coking of Coal and their Significance in Relation to its Structure (1951)

From Summary: "This Paper is concerned with two aspects of the behavior of coal: (1) Dispersion by solvents at atmospheric pressure and high temperature and (2) the destruction and regeneration of the coking properties of coal."
Total synthesis of the hypocholesterolemic agent (+)-compactin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of the hypocholesterolemic agent (+)-compactinPaul A. Grieco, Robert E. Zelle, Randall Lis, and John FinnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 5, 1403–1404Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00343a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00343a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Making the case: developing innovative adherence solutions for the treatment of tuberculosis (2019)

Tuberculosis (TB), which claims the lives of over 3500 people every day, is the world’s leading killer among infectious diseases.1 According to the WHO, 10 million people developed TB in 2017 with a global economic burden amounting to $12 billion annually.1 2 Furthermore, TB is the most significant pathogen in the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis.3 Unless radical action is taken, drug-resistant strains of TB will account for 25% of the AMR-related deaths and cost the global economy $16.7 trillion by the year 2050.3 TB treatment is challenging with its prolonged and frequent dosing regimen that may be associated with challenging side effects.4 While significant work has been done to support adherence among people living with TB who are on treatment—including direct observation of therapy and provision of socioeconomic support—there has been limited focus on translation of how the medications themselves and their administration might be altered to improve adherence.

Technologies that enable extended drug release of medication have the potential to overcome patient non-adherence to long and frequent dosing regimens. Long-acting formulations are being implemented for the reduction in the frequency of HIV treatment administration, though they require injections which …
Realism and reality in CALL software (1995)

This article is not intended to be either an exposition of a theory of software design or an author's review of his own software. It presents a set of reflections on pedagogical, linguistic and design considerations that emerged in the process of producing a real, innovative and classroomfriendly piece of CALL software within the limitations imposed by a HyperCard environment and by the desire to create something that could be readily transported on floppy disk and would run on virutally anyone's Macintosh.
PRUNE: Preserving Proximity and Global Ranking for Network Embedding (2017)

We investigate an unsupervised generative approach for network embedding. A multi-task Siamese neural network structure is formulated to connect embedding vectors and our objective to preserve the global node ranking and local proximity of nodes. We provide deeper analysis to connect the proposed proximity objective to link prediction and community detection in the network. We show our model can satisfy the following design properties: scalability, asymmetry, unity and simplicity. Experiment results not only verify the above design properties but also demonstrate the superior performance in learning-to-rank, classification, regression, and link prediction tasks.
Of a commonwealth in general, and power civil (2012)

The subject of a commonwealth being a community, which is twofold, civil and ecclesiastical. It remains, and order requireth, that I say something of a commonwealth. You heard before that the subject adequate of politics, was a state or commonwealth, and that the parts of this act are two: […] the constitution [and] the administration. The constitution, as you may remember, is the first part of politics, whereby an order of superiority and subjection is settled in a community; wherein three things were principally to be examined: […] what a community in general, […] what a community civil, [and] what a community ecclesiastical is: and all this is done. Therefore to proceed, observe, that a community is like a matter without form in respect of something that it must receive, yet a matter and a subject disposed and in proximo, potentia to receive a form to perfect it: and this form is that we call a commonwealth, a polity, a state, wherein we may observe four things, i. That it is an order. 2. An order of superiority and subjection: this is the general nature of it. 3. An order of superiority and subjection in a community. 4. Such an order tending to the peace and happiness of a community. [First] it's [taxis] an order, or as some understand the philosopher (an ordination) which is a disposing of things in their proper place.
La profilaxis con antibióticos tópicos no es indispensable después del retiro de cuerpos metálicos extraños de la córnea (2008)

Objetivo: Valorar la incidencia de infeccion corneal en pacientes con cuerpos extranos corneales metalicos despues de su retiro sin uso de antibioticos topicos profilacticos. Metodos: Se incluyeron prospectivamente 120 pacientes con cuerpos extranos corneales metalicos. En todos los casos se retiraron los cuerpos extranos metalicos y el pulimiento del herrumbre anular se realizo en caso necesario. Lubricante en unguento o en gotas fueron administrados en cada paciente. Se ocluyo con parche en caso indicado. Se siguio cada caso hasta obtener cicatrizacion total del area afectada. Se valoro la incidencia de infeccion corneal. Resultados: Ningun paciente desarrollo infeccion corneal. Conclusiones: El uso de antibioticos topicos profilacticos despues de retirar cuerpos extranos corneales metalicos no es indispensable.
Microbiological and pharmacokinetic studies of acyl demycinosyltylosin and related tylosin derivatives. (1990)

A series of tylosins and acyl derivatives of 23-O-demycinosyltylosin (DMT) were initially tested for in vitro antibacterial activity and serum levels in squirrel monkeys (po) and mice (iv). Overall, the DMT compounds were more active in vitro than the tylosins. Two tetraacylated DMTs, Sch 37644 and Sch 38646, were selected from the initial studies for further evaluation and compared to erythromycin and A-56268 (6-O-methyl erythromycin). Sch 37644 and Sch 38646 were 2 to 8-fold less potent in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria than erythromycin and A-56268. In squirrel monkeys, Sch 37644 (AUC, 19.7 micrograms.hour ml) and A-56268 (21.6 micrograms.hour/ml) had similar serum levels following po administration of 20 mg/kg, while Sch 38646 (11.8 micrograms.hour/ml) and erythromycin (1.5 micrograms.hour/ml) had lower levels. In mice administered 200 mg/kg orally, Sch 37644 (AUC, 19.4 micrograms.hour/ml) and Sch 38646 (15.4 micrograms.hour/ml) had higher serum levels than erythromycin (5.7 micrograms.hour/ml). A-56268 was the most active po macrolide in mouse protection studies (PD50S) against Staphylococci and Streptococci, while Sch 37644 and Sch 38646 were similar to erythromycin.
Earth Potential or Surface Potential Gradient Tests on Buried Cables (1956)

Earth potential or surface potential gradient tests, their types, uses and limitations are discussed. Topics covered include range of potentials, selection of areas for tests, installation of remedial measures on buried telephone cables, determination of buried structure location and meter circuits for measuring potential gradients. Data are given also on hot spot areas, changes in insulation resistance of the covering on a buried cable and interference effects on other buried structures and railroads from cathodic protection installations. 4.5.3
Defect formation in graphene nanosheets by acid treatment: an x-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory study (2008)

In-plane defects have been introduced into graphene nanosheets by treatment with hydrochloric acid. Acid treatment induces bond cleavage in the C–C network via electrophilic attack. These resultant vacancy sites will then undergo further reactions with the surrounding ambient to produce C–O and C–H bonds. A σ ∗ resonance at 287 eV in the carbon K-edge x-ray absorption spectra is observed with acid treatment and is assigned to C–O states. Theoretical modelling of a di-vacancy in a graphene bilayer reproduces all essential features of this resonance and in addition predicts a metallic conductivity of states around this vacancy. The possibility of engineering the properties of graphene via the routes explored here is an important step towards establishing strategies for building devices based on this material. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
A novel IRMA and ELISA for quantifying cytokeratin 8 and 18 fragments in serum of healthy individuals and cancer patients. (1995)

A novel IRMA and ELISA for quantifying cytokeratin 8 and 18 fragments in serum of healthy individuals and cancer patients.
The adriamycin-iron(III) complex is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (1989)

Using Triton X-100/lipid mixed micellar methods, we observed that the adriamycin-iron(III) complex was a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C while uncomplexed adriamycin itself was a poor inhibitor in the absence of heavy metal contaminants. The 3:1 adriamycin-iron complex was more potent than 2:1, 1:1, and 1:0 complexes. Inhibition of protein kinase C was reversible, and 50% inhibition occurred at 13 microM (adriamycin)3Fe3+. Both the catalytic and the regulatory domain of protein kinase C were affected by adriamycin-iron(III). Adriamycin-iron(III) was a competitive inhibitor of the catalytic domain of protein kinase C with respect to MgATP but not with respect to magnesium (IC50 350 microM). The predominant interaction of adriamycin-iron(III) with native protein kinase C was as a competitive inhibitor with respect to diacylglycerol. Inhibition was not competitive with respect to phosphatidylserine, calcium, magnesium, MgATP, or histone. Interaction with the regulatory domain was demonstrated by the ability of adriamycin-iron(III) to inhibit phorbol dibutyrate binding. Other adriamycin transitional metal complexes showed little inhibition of protein kinase C activity. Acetylation of the amine on the daunosamine moeity of adriamycin did not preclude the formation of a ferric complex but resulted in total loss of inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the presence of free amines in a highly structured adriamycin-iron complex is necessary for inhibition. The implications of inhibition of protein kinase C by adriamycin-iron(III) are discussed.
Interactions between Sclerotium cepivorum and cultivars of onion, leek, garlic and Allium fistulosum (1986)

Laboratory and field experiments showed that germination of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum was slower in the presence of cultivars of leek than in the presence of those of onion, garlic and Allium fistulosum . Spread of infection amongst closely spaced plants was also less in leeks than in the other three species. No evidence was found for any differences in the resistance of root tissues of the four Allium species. It is considered that differential stimulation of sclerotium germination is likely to have been the principal reason for the low incidence of white rot infection in leeks which was reported previously.
Longitudinal organization of the anterior neural plate and neural tube (1995)

Over the last century, several morphological models of forebrain organization have been proposed that hypothesize alternative topological solutions for the relationships of the histogenic primordia. Central to all of these models are their definitions of the longitudinal axis and the longitudinal organization of the neural plate and neural tube. To understand the longitudinal organization of the anterior brain, we have sought to identify molecular properties that are continuous along the entire longitudinal axis of the embryonic CNS. In this essay, we describe studies of the expression of several genes in the mouse between 7.5 (presomite stage) and 10.5 days post coitum (dpc) that provide evidence for the trajectory of the anterior-posterior axis and the longitudinal organization of the anterior CNS. Specifically, we report that the expression of noggin, sonic hedgehog and Nkx-2.2 define longitudinal columns of cells that are present along the entire CNS axis. Within the forebrain, the expression of these genes, as well as that of Nkx-2.1 and BF-1, are in distinct longitudinal regions in the neural plate and tube. We demonstrate that the earliest longitudinal axon pathways of the forebrain are spatially correlated with the longitudinal domain defined by Nkx-2.2. Finally, expression of the former genes, and Otx-1 and Emx-2, suggests that the cephalic neural plate is organized into molecularly distinct domains delimited by longitudinal and transverse borders; these results provide a foundation for defining the mechanisms that pattern the neural plate.
[Separation and purification of taxol using normal- and reversed-phase chromatography in tandem]. (2000)

A method is described for separation and purification of taxol from the extract of Taxus cuspidate callus culture with Al2O3 normal-phase chromatography and C18 reversed-phase chromatography, The operating conditions of the two chromatographic steps were investigated and optimized. The content of taxol was greatly increased after Al2O3 chromatography. The purity of taxol reached 95% from less than 1.0% after the two chromatographic steps. The final purity of taxol was more than 98% after the process of crystallization. The 13CNMR spectrum of the product was identical to that of taxol reported in the literature.
Heterozygosity for <i>IL23R</i> p.Arg381Gln confers a protective effect not only against Crohn’s disease but also ulcerative colitis (2007)

The p.Arg381Gln IL23R variant confers a protective effect against both CD and UC, but does not determine disease phenotype.
Estimating part tolerance bounds based on adaptive Cloud-based grasp planning with slip (2012)

We explore setting bounds on part tolerances based on an adaptive Cloud-based algorithm to estimate lower bounds on achieving force closure during grasping. We consider the most common robot gripper: a pair of thin parallel jaws, and a conservative class of push-grasps allowing slip that can enhance part alignment for parts that can be modeled as extruded polygons. The grasp analysis algorithm takes as input a set of candidate grasps and perturbations of a nominal part shape. We define a grasp quality metric based on a lower bound on the probability of achieving force closure. We present two extensions to our previous highly-parallelizable algorithm that adaptively reduce the number of grasp evaluations and improve the lower bound by including slip. We develop a procedure for finding the effect of increasing tolerance in vertices on grasp quality, which allows part tolerances to be bounded to ensure minimum grasp quality levels. We find that including slip improves grasp quality estimates by 16%, and our adaptive extension reduces grasp evaluations by 91.5% while maintaining 92.6% of grasp quality.