gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On shortest paths in polyhedral spaces (1984)

We consider the problem of computing the shortest path between two points in two- or three-dimensional space bounded by polyhedral surfaces. In the 2-D case the problem is easily solved in time O(n2 log n).In the general 3-D case the problem is quite hard to solve, and is not even discrete; we present a doubly-exponential procedure for solving the discrete subproblem of determining the sequence of boundary edges through which the shortest path passes. The main result of this paper involves a favorable special case of the 3-D shortest path problem, namely that of finding the shortest path between two points along the surface of a convex polyhedron. We analyze this problem and solve it in time O(n3 log n).
Natural Cross Pollination in California Commercial Tomato Fields (1994)

Twelve 18-m-long plots carrying a recessive anthocyaninless gene were planted in commercial fields. The cross pollination distance was 1.5 to 10 m from any plant in the anthocyaninless block. y N = north, S = south, W = west.
Anginal syndrome. Treatment with a long-acting nitrate (itramin tosylate). (1963)

Preliminary studies in eighteen patients with 2-aminoethylnitrate-p-toluene-sulphonate (itramin tosylate) indicate that this organic nitrate is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of the anginal syndrome. Although the dosage should be determined on an individual basis, the administration of a chewing tablet, containing 4 mg. of the medication, appears to be satisfactory.
Calpain-1 Cleaves and Activates Caspase-7 (2009)

Caspase-7 is an executioner caspase that plays a key role in apoptosis, cancer, and a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanism of caspase-7 activation by granzyme B and caspase-3 has been well characterized. However, whether other proteases such as calpains activate or inactivate caspase-7 is not known. Here, we present that recombinant caspase-7 is directly cleaved by calpain-1 within the large subunit of caspase-7 to produce two novel products, large subunit p18 and p17. This new form of caspase-7 has a 6-fold increase in V(max) when compared with the previously characterized p20/p12 form. Zymography revealed that the smaller caspase-7 product (p17) is 18-fold more active than either the caspase-3-cleaved product (p20) or the larger calpain-1 product of caspase-7 (p18). Mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis identified the calpain cleavage sites within the caspase-7 large subunit at amino acid 36 and 45/47. These proteolysis events occur in vivo as indicated by the accumulation of caspase-7 p18 and p17 subunits in cortical neurons undergoing Ca(2+) dysregulation. Further, cleavage at amino acid 45/47 of caspase-7 by calpain results in a reduction in nuclear localization when compared with the caspase-3 cleavage product of caspase-7 (p20). Our studies suggest the calpain-activated form of caspase-7 has unique enzymatic activity, localization, and binding affinity when compared with the caspase-activated form.
Evolution of a location-based online social network (2012)

Connections established by users of online social networks are influenced by mechanisms such as preferential attachment and triadic closure. Yet, recent research has found that geographic factors also constrain users: spatial proximity fosters the creation of online social ties. While the effect of space might need to be incorporated to these social mechanisms, it is not clear to which extent this is true and in which way this is best achieved.
Resistance of<i>Francisella tularensis</i>Strains against Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species with Special Reference to the Role of KatG (2007)

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen capable of proliferating within host macrophages. The mechanisms that explain the differences in virulence between various strains of the species are not well characterized. In the present study, we show that both attenuated (strain LVS) and virulent (strains FSC200 and SCHU S4) strains of the pathogen replicate at similar rates in resting murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). However, when PEC were activated by exposure to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), they killed LVS more rapidly than virulent strains of the pathogen. Addition of N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, to IFN-gamma-treated PEC, completely inhibited killing of the virulent strains, whereas it only partially blocked the killing of LVS. Similarly, in a cell-free system, SCHU S4 and FSC200 were more resistant to killing by H(2)O(2) and ONOO(-) than F. tularensis LVS. Catalase encoded by katG is a bacterial factor that can detoxify bactericidal compounds such as H(2)O(2) and ONOO(-). To investigate its contribution to the virulence of F. tularensis, katG deletion-containing mutants of SCHU S4 and LVS were generated. Both mutants demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to H(2)O(2) in vitro but replicated as effectively as the parental strains in unstimulated PEC. In mice, LVS-DeltakatG was significantly attenuated compared to LVS whereas SCHU S4-DeltakatG, despite slower replication, killed mice as quickly as SCHU S4. This implies that clinical strains of the pathogen have katG-independent mechanisms to combat the antimicrobial effects exerted by H(2)O(2) and ONOO(-), the loss of which could have contributed to the attenuation of LVS.
Hollow fiber contained liquid membrane separation of citric acid (1991)

Abstract Citric acid was successfully separated from an aqueous solution using the hollow fiber contained liquid membrane (HFCLM) technique. In this technique, the organic liquid membrane is contained in the shell side between two sets of hollow fibers; feed solution flows through one set of fibers and the strip solution flows through the other set. Tri‐n‐octylamine diluted in various organic solvents was used as a complexing agent for facilitated transport of citric acid from an aqueous solution. Pure water and aqueous sodium hydroxide were used as stripping agents. Membrane life and stability problems encountered in supported liquid membranes are eliminated. A mathematical model of facilitated solute transport through HFCLM that accounts for the interfacial reversible reaction kinetics and diffusion process inherent in carrier‐facilitated transport is presented. Experimental data agreed well with the theoretical predictions for permeators achieving almost complete solute recovery.
Suggested techniques for clustering and mining of data streams (2014)

The buzz word in research is Big Data. Big Data gets characterized by 5 V's: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value of data. Volume in order of penta bytes, velocity which refers to click stream data in various domains, variety comprising of heterogeneous data, veracity indicating the cleanliness of data and value emphasizing on the return on investment for companies who invest in Big Data technologies. This Big Data is better modeled not as persistent tables but in the form of transient data streams which need different clustering and mining techniques to be effectively processed and managed. In this paper some suggestions on online learning through clustering and mining of stream data are presented.
Effect of Elastin Peptides on Vascular Tone (1995)

Elastin peptides are present in human blood. As elastin receptors exist on several cell types, especially endothelial cells, this investigation was carried out to study the effect of elastin peptides on vascular tone. For this purpose, rat aortic rings were mounted in an organ bath for isometric tension measurements. Elastin peptides (kappa-elastin) were added in the concentration range of 0.1 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml, concentrations similar to those found in the circulating blood. In rat aortic rings, precontracted or not with noradrenaline (10(-6) M), elastin peptides induced an endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The pretreatment of aortic rings with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production, or with indomethacin (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, prevented elastin peptide-induced vasodilation. These findings suggest that elastin peptides act through the synthesis of prostanoids, leading to the production of NO. Moreover, this relaxant effect of elastin peptides was decreased or inhibited when aortic rings were treated with lactose (10(-5) to 10(-2) M) or laminin (10(-6) to 10(-4) mg/ml) whereas lactose or laminin was unable to inhibit acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of lactose and laminin are specific for elastin peptide receptors and are in agreement with previous studies on these receptors. As there is evidence of the degradation of elastin in several vascular diseases, the concept that elastin peptides may contribute to the control of vascular tone is discussed.
Protein Kinase C Domains Involved in Interactions with Other Proteins (1994)

We have used a blot overlay assay to detect protein kinase C (PKC) interactions with other proteins. In many cases, the PKC binding proteins are also PKC substrates [Chapline et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 6858]. The purpose of the current studies was to characterize the PKC domains involved in the interactions with other proteins. alpha, beta, and epsilon isoforms of PKC interact with the same binding proteins in fibroblast cell extracts. These results indicate that constant rather than isozyme-specific (variable) regions are the major determinants of the interactions studied. PKC binding required phosphatidylserine (PS), indicating that the PS binding regulatory domain of PKC is involved in the interactions. The PKC pseudosubstrate peptide sequence, which is contained within the regulatory domain, also showed PS-dependent binding to the PKC binding proteins. To further investigate the role of the pseudosubstrate peptide in promoting PKC-protein interactions, an N-terminal truncation mutant lacking the pseudosubstrate sequence was prepared. Binding of the mutant alpha-PKC was diminished compared to wild-type alpha-PKC, although some binding was still apparent. These results indicate that the pseudosubstrate sequence contributes to, but is not the sole determinant of, PKC binding activity.
Cinnamaldehydes in Cancer Chemotherapy (2016)

Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-derived compounds are candidates for the development of anticancer drugs that have received extensive research attention. In this review, we summarize recent findings detailing the positive and negative aspects of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamaldehydes. The oxidative and antioxidative properties of cinnamaldehydes, which contribute to their potential in chemotherapy, have also been discussed. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehydes induce apoptosis in cancer cells have been explored. In addition, evidence of the regulatory effects of cinnamaldehydes on cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been described. Finally, the application of cinnamaldehydes in treating various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers, has been discussed in detail. The effects of cinnamaldehydes on leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oral cancer have been summarized briefly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-Latency Handoffs in Mobile IPv4 (2007)

Mobile IPv4 describes how a Mobile Node can perform IP-layer handoffs
between subnets served by different Foreign Agents. In certain cases,
the latency involved in these handoffs can be above the threshold
required for the support of delay-sensitive or real-time services. The
aim of this document is to present two methods to achieve low-latency
Mobile IP handoffs. In addition, a combination of these two methods is
described. The described techniques allow greater support for real-
time services on a Mobile IPv4 network by minimising the period of
time when a Mobile Node is unable to send or receive IP packets due to
the delay in the Mobile IP Registration process.
Long-Term Results of Combined-Modality Therapy in Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

Although pathologic complete response outside the protocol setting is low, survival of this large patient cohort is comparable to that of patients in published combined-modality trials. Survival is significantly influenced by patient age, complete resection, pathologic stage, and pneumonectomy. These results can help guide standard clinical practice and emphasize the need for novel induction regimens.
The study of single crystals for space processing and the effect of zero gravity (1975)

A study was undertaken to analyze different growth techniques affected by a space environment. Literature on crystal growth from melt, vapor phase and float zone was reviewed and the physical phenomena important for crystal growth in zero-gravity environment was analyzed. Recommendations for potential areas of crystal growth feasible for space missions are presented and a bibliography of articles in the area of crystal growth in general is listed.
Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of the non-peptide vasopressin V <sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist, SSR149415, suggest an innovative approach for the treatment of stress-related disorders (2002)

The limbic localization of the arginine vasopressin V(1b) receptor has prompted speculation as to a potential role of this receptor in the control of emotional processes. To investigate this possibility, we have studied the behavioral effects of SSR149415, the first selective and orally active non-peptide antagonist of vasopressin V(1b) receptors, in a variety of classical (punished drinking, elevated plus-maze, and light/dark tests) and atypical (fear/anxiety defense test battery and social defeat-induced anxiety) rodent models of anxiety, and in two models of depression [forced swimming and chronic mild stress (CMS)]. When tested in classical tests of anxiety, SSR149415 produced anxiolytic-like activity at doses that ranged from 1 to 30 mg/kg (i.p. or p.o.), but the magnitude of these effects was overall less than that of the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam, which was used as a positive control. In contrast, SSR149415 produced clear-cut anxiolytic-like activity in models involving traumatic stress exposure, such as the social defeat paradigm and the defense test battery (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.). In the forced swimming test, SSR149415 (10-30 mg/kg, p.o.) produced antidepressant-like effects in both normal and hypophysectomized rats. Moreover, in the CMS model in mice, repeated administration of SSR149415 (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 39 days improved the degradation of the physical state, anxiety, despair, and the loss of coping behavior produced by stress. These findings point to a role for vasopressin in the modulation of emotional processes via the V(1b) receptor, and suggest that its blockade may represent a novel avenue for the treatment of affective disorders.
Experimental Tests of Realistic Local Theories via Bell's Theorem (1981)

We have measured the linear polarization correlation of the photons emitted in a radiative atomic cascade of calcium. A high-efficiency source provided an improved statistical accuracy and an ability to perform new tests. Our results, in excellent agreement with the quantum mechanical predictions, strongly violate the generalized Bell's inequalities, and rule out the whole class of realistic local theories. No significant change in results was observed with source-polarizer separations of up to 6.5 m.
Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (1999)

Iron is found in high concentration in some areas of the brain, and increased iron in the substantia nigra is a feature of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical environment of brain iron in post-mortem tissue to provide information on the possible role of iron in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Iron has also been implicated as the cause of signal loss in areas of high brain iron on T2-weighted MRI sequences. Knowledge of the physical environment of the brain iron is essential in interpreting the cause of signal change. Post-mortem tissue was obtained from six cases of Parkinson's disease and from six age-matched controls. Iron levels were measured using absorption spectrophotometry. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure was used to evaluate the atomic environment of iron within the substantia nigra and both segments of the globus pallidus. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy was used to probe the iron storage proteins in these areas. Iron levels were increased in the parkinsonian nigra and lateral portion of the globus pallidus. Spectra from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments showed that ferritin was the only storage protein detectable in both control and parkinsonian tissue in all areas studied. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy studies showed that ferritin was more heavily loaded with iron in Parkinson's disease when compared with age-matched controls. In summary we have shown that iron levels are increased in two areas of the brain in Parkinson's disease including the substantia nigra, the site of maximal neurodegeneration. This produces increased loading of ferritin, which is the normal brain iron storage protein. It is possible that increased loading of ferritin may increase the risk of free radical-induced damage. Differences in ferritin loading may explain regional differences in iron's effect on the T2 signal.
Scene break detection: a comparison (2002)

The automatic organization of video databases according to the semantic content of data is a key aspect for efficient indexing and fast retrieval of audio-visual material. In order to generate indices that can be used to access a video database, a description of each video sequence is necessary. The identification of objects present in a frame and the track of their motion and interaction in space and time, is attractive but not yet very robust. For this reason, since the early 90's, attempts have been applied in trying to segment a video in shots. For each shot a representative frame of the shot, called k-frame, is usually chosen and the video can be analyzed through its k-frames. Even if abrupt scene changes are relatively easy to detect, it is more difficult to identify special effects, such as dissolve, that were operated in the editing stage to merge two shots. Unfortunately, these special effects are normally used to stress the importance of the scene change (from a content point of view), so they are extremely relevant, therefore they should not be missed. It is very important to determine precisely the beginning and the end of the transition in the case of dissolves and fades. In this work, two new parameters are proposed. These characterize the precision of boundaries of special effects when the scene change involves more than two frames. They are combined with the common recall and precision parameters. Three types of algorithms for cut detection are considered: histogram-based, motion-based and contour-based. These algorithms are tested and compared on several video sequences. Results show that the best performance is achieved by the global histogram-based method which uses color information.
Entangled Dendritic Polymers and Beyond:  Rheology of Symmetric Cayley-Tree Polymers and Macromolecular Self-Assemblies (2007)

We present linear rheological data on a series of anionically synthesized, model symmetric Cayley-tree polybutadienes having 2 or 3 generations with entangled branches. The signature of each layer relaxation is evident, in both the plateau modulus (that scales with the volume fraction of the unrelaxed layers) and the terminal relaxation as a distinct contribution, well-separated in time. Using a robust tube-model analysis of the viscoelastic relaxation of entangled polymers of given architecture, which is based on the concept of hierarchy of motion in branched structures, we describe quantitatively the frequency spectra without adjustable parameters; the needed plateau modulus, entanglement molecular weight, and Rouse time of an entanglement segment are taken from the data. Last, but not least, we show that this approach can be successfully applied to account for the rheology of macromolecular self-assemblies, such as the Cayley-tree-like associations of telechelic, mono-ω-functionalized star polymers. The implications of the latter findings in providing pathways for the analysis of complex soft superstructures are evident.
Yeast and Rat Coq3 and Escherichia coli UbiG Polypeptides Catalyze Both O-Methyltransferase Steps in Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis (1999)

Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q or Q) is a lipid that functions in the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. Q-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbor defects in one of eight COQ genes (coq1-coq8) and are unable to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. The biosynthesis of Q involves two separate O-methylation steps. In yeast, the first O-methylation utilizes 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoic acid as a substrate and is thought to be catalyzed by Coq3p, a 32.7-kDa protein that is 40% identical to the Escherichia coli O-methyltransferase, UbiG. In this study, farnesylated analogs corresponding to the second O-methylation step, demethyl-Q(3) and Q(3), have been chemically synthesized and used to study Q biosynthesis in yeast mitochondria in vitro. Both yeast and rat Coq3p recognize the demethyl-Q(3) precursor as a substrate. In addition, E. coli UbiGp was purified and found to catalyze both O-methylation steps. Futhermore, antibodies to yeast Coq3p were used to determine that the Coq3 polypeptide is peripherally associated with the matrix-side of the inner membrane of yeast mitochondria. The results indicate that one O-methyltransferase catalyzes both steps in Q biosynthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and that Q biosynthesis is carried out within the matrix compartment of yeast mitochondria.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE ROUTE RECOMMENDER SYSTEM (2012)

This paper presents a recommender system responsible for processing information that will help the driver in the daily use of his Electric Vehicle (EV), minimizing the problem of range anxiety through a personalized range prediction and by presenting in real time relevant information about the charging stations that can be reached within the range autonomy. Given the success of recommendation systems on automatic delivery of relevant information in numerous areas of usage, this type of systems can also be applied in the electric mobility scenario, with the objective of maximizing the relevance of the information presented to the driver, which should be the strictly needed data for the driver to make important decisions, filtering out the unnecessary information.