gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric remote sensing of the Denali Earthquake Rayleigh surface waves (2003)

Using the Global Positioning System, we have detected ionospheric disturbances associated with the long‐period Rayleigh waves from the 2002 Denali earthquake (M s = 7.9). The dense California GPS networks allowed us to map the ionospheric perturbations and to compute the group velocity with a high spatial resolution above the Pacific coasts. Due to a low sampling rate, a large error in the velocity determination remains. Nonetheless, it demonstrates that bi‐static remote sensing measurements of seismic waves with GPS networks can be performed. Monostatic measurements with a dedicated satellite could possibly be used to record in the ionosphere surface waves originating from large earthquakes. Such a space‐based remote sensing of the local group velocity of Rayleigh surface waves would effectively complement the seismic networks for high‐resolution global tomography of the Earth's lithosphere.
The State of the Art in Interactive Global Illumination (2012)

Abstract The interaction of light and matter in the world surrounding us is of striking complexity and beauty. Since the very beginning of computer graphics, adequate modelling of these processes and efficient computation is an intensively studied research topic and still not a solved problem. The inherent complexity stems from the underlying physical processes as well as the global nature of the interactions that let light travel within a scene. This paper reviews the state of the art in interactive global illumination (GI) computation, i.e., methods that generate an image of a virtual scene in less than 1 s with an as exact as possible, or plausible, solution to the light transport. Additionally, the theoretical background and attempts to classify the broad field of methods are described. The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, when applied to the different visual phenomena, arising from light interaction are compared and discussed. Finally, the paper concludes by highlighting design patterns for interactive GI and a list of open problems.
Electronic Crash Sensing Unit for Airbag (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes an electronic crash sensing unit which uses a semiconductive accelerometer for implementing a single point sensing system. This electronic sensing unit uses a new crash recognition mechanism utilizing two-dimensional discrimination function.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A new crash recognition mechanism is capable of providing reliable crash recognition in high speed crashes, as well as reliable performance in non-deployment situations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper also discusses the evaluation procedures which compare recognition processing time and the robustness of the scheme.</div>
The Dynamic Pneumocardiogram: An Application of Coherent Signal Processing to Cardiovascular Measurement (1981)

The modulation of respiratory flow by cardiac function has been the subject of scientific investigation for over 100 years. The waveform of these modulations is called a pneumocardiogram (PNCG). All reported pneumocardiograms have been obtained during a state of apnea with a patent glottis maintained by voluntary control or intratracheal intubation. In this study, simple filters and coherent signal averaging techniques were applied to extract PNCG's from unrestrained breathing patterns in man. Interpretable PNCG's were easily collected by this method under varied conditions including sitting at rest, running in place, and resting supine. The PNCG's observed in this study were unique to each individual and were altered by measurement conditions. The application of these techniques to other cardiovascular measurements including phonocardiograms, arterial pulses, impedence plethysmograms, etc., is discussed.
Photoreduction fluorescence detection of quinones in high-performance liquid chromatography (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction fluorescence detection of quinones in high-performance liquid chromatographyJames R. Poulsen and John W. BirksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 20, 2267–2276Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00195a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00195a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple User Interfaces: Multi-Devices, Cross-Platform and Context-Awareness (2003)

From the Publisher:
Multiple User Interfaces allow people using mobile phones, lap tops, desk tops, palm tops or PDAs to access and read information from their central server or the internet in a coherent and consistent way and to communicate effectively with other users who may be using different devices. MUIs provide multiple views of the information according to the device used and co-ordinate communication between the users. 
Multiple User Interfaces: Engineering and Applications Frameworks is the first work to describe user interface design for mobile and hand-held devices such as mobile phones. Given the proliferation of books on web site design in the late '90s, this promises to be the forerunner in a new wave of books dealing with the issues specific to small screens, limited memory and wireless transmission. It also deals with problems relating to multi-user functionality and sharing the same application over various platforms.  
Offers a comprehensive account of state-of-the-art research Combines human and technical aspects including social interaction, workflow, HCI, & system architectures. Provides practical toolkits, guidelines and experience reports Includes contributions from leading experts at all the key institutions – Virginia Tech, Concordia University, Lancaster University, Ericsson & Intel  

With such a unique and cutting-edge approach researchers and developers working on user interface design in companies manufacturing handsets and other portable devices, university HCI groups and companies providing web-based information services for delivery to hand-held devices will find this indispensable.
A 40-Gb/s CMOS clocked comparator with bandwidth modulation technique (2005)

A differential comparator that can sample 40-Gb/s signals and that operates off a single 1.2-V supply was designed and fabricated in 0.11-/spl mu/m standard CMOS technology. It consists of a front-end sampler, a regenerative stage, and a clocked amplifier to provide a small aperture time and a high toggle rate. The clocked amplifier employs a bandwidth modulation technique that switches the feedback gain to reduce the reset time while keeping the effective gain high. We confirmed that the comparator receives a 40-Gb/s data stream at a toggle rate of 10 GHz with bit error rate less than 10/sup -12/ by laboratory measurements.
DNA supercoiling in <i>Escherichia coli: topA</i> mutations can be suppressed by DNA amplifications involving the <i>tolC</i> locus (1989)

The level of DNA supercoiling is crucial for many cellular processes, including gene expression, and is determined, primarily, by the opposing actions of two enzymes: topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase. Escherichia coli strains lacking topoisomerase I (topA mutants) normally fail to grow in the absence of compensatory mutations which are presumed to relax DNA. We have found that, in media of low osmolarity, topA mutants are viable in the absence of any compensatory mutation, consistent with the view that decreased extracellular osmolarity causes a relaxation of cellular DNA. At higher osmolarity most compensatory mutations, as expected, are in the gyrA and gyrB genes. The only other locus at which compensatory mutations arise, designated toc, is shown to involve the amplification of a region of chromosomal DNA which includes the tolC gene. However, amplification of tolC alone is insufficient to explain the phenotypes of toc mutants. tolC insertion mutations alter the distribution of plasmid topoisomers in vivo. This effect is probably indirect, possibly a result of altered membrane structure and an alteration in the cell's osmotic barrier. As tolC is a highly pleiotropic locus, affecting the expression of many genes, it is possible that some of the TolC phenotypes are a direct result of this topological change. The possible relationship between toc and tolC mutations, and the means by which tolC mutations might affect DNA supercoiling, are discussed.
Removal and Inactivation of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms by Electrolysis (2006)

Bacterial biofilms were exposed to electrolysis by making the steel substratum an electrode in a circuit including a 6-V battery. These treatments resulted in killing (2.1-log reduction) and removal (4.0-log reduction) of viable cells at the anode and cathode, respectively, within a few minutes.
Scale change and rotation invariant digital image watermarking method (2007)

Abstract In recent years attention has focused on digital image watermarking as a method for copyright protection of digital images. Since users of images make distortions such as enlarging or reducing images depending on the application, digital image watermarking which is robust to geometric distortions has been demanded. Compensation for changes in the relative position of pixels is needed in order to allow watermarking to be detected from images with geometric distortions. In this paper we propose a method that uses feature points to perform compensations and then use frequency components to embed and detect watermarks. The feature points are obtained by a Harris‐Affine detector. At first, ellipsoids around a feature point are extracted from an image, each ellipsoid normalized to a circle, and a watermark embedded into that frequency component. Geometric distortion compensation is then performed by extracting ellipsoids in the same manner during detection and normalizing the ellipsoids into circles to detect watermarks. Using feature points for the compensation eliminates the need to embed markers for original images and positioning thereby making it possible to compensate for affine distortions such as scale and rotation. Furthermore, since one elliptical embedment region is determined for each single feature point, the watermark insertion region can be correctly extracted even if detection of several feature points fails due to distortion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(10): 1– 11, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20670
Reduced Activities of Thiamine-Dependent Enzymes in the Brains and Peripheral Tissues of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease (1988)

A report of cell loss in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff disease prompted the examination of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent enzymes in the brain and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In these brains, the activities of the 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex were reduced more than 75% and those of transketolase more than 45%. Decreases occurred in histologically damaged and in relatively undamaged areas. Small but statistically significant abnormalities of transketolase, but not of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, were identified in red blood cells and cultured fibroblasts. Previous studies have shown deficiencies in the brain and variable effects in peripheral tissues on another TPP-dependent enzyme--the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Activities of TPP-dependent enzymes appear to be deficient in the brain and perhaps in some peripheral tissues in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Histological alterations following short‐term smokeless tobacco exposure in humans (1998)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the histological changes following short-term smokeless tobacco application in humans. Sixteen smokeless tobacco-using subjects participated in this trial. Each subject had used at least 3 cans of snuff per week for the previous 2 yr and had an existing lesion at the site of habitual snuff placement. The experimental design included subject placement of moist snuff (University of Kentucky reference tobacco brand 1S3) at a new site in the mandibular arch. At either 2 or 7 d, biopsies were taken from the new lesions and from a non-placement site in the opposing arch. The volume density of inflammatory cells was determined by point counting. Keratin and epithelial thickness were evaluated by digitizing morphometry. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. In 7-d lesions, increased keratin thickness was observed at the new sites compared to the non-placement sites (p = 0.05). Increased volume density of fibroblasts (p = 0.027) and decreased volume densities of macrophages (p = 0.0083) and mast cells (p = 0.05) were observed at 2 d in new versus non-placement sites. Clinically, the new sites showed erythema, erythema plus ulceration, or white striations. This study demonstrated histological and clinical changes at new snuff placement sites in as few as 2-7 d, underscoring the rapidity of tissue alterations following snuff use.
The evolution of Coda (2002)

Failure-resilient, scalable, and secure read-write access to shared information by mobile and static users over wireless and wired networks is a fundamental computing challenge. In this article, we describe how the Coda file system has evolved to meet this challenge through the development of mechanisms for server replication, disconnected operation, adaptive use of weak connectivity, isolation-only transactions, translucent caching, and opportunistic exploitation of hardware surrogates. For each mechanism, the article explains how usage experience with it led to the insights for another mechanism. It also shows how Coda has been influenced by the work of other researchers and by industry. The article closes with a discussion of the technical and nontechnical lessons that can be learned from the evolution of the system.
Leakage mechanisms and dielectric properties of Al2O3/TiN-based metal-insulator-metal capacitors (2003)

We characterized thin Al2O3 dielectrics with TiN electrodes in a three-dimensional, high-aspect-ratio, metal–insulator–metal capacitor structure. Transmission electron microscopy images did not reveal any interfacial layer(s) or intermixing of the films. This was confirmed by series capacitance analysis. Extensive electrical characterization indicated a well-behaved dielectric response. Time and frequency domain measurements did not show any significant dielectric relaxation. Charge transport was controlled by a direct tunneling mechanism in the field range of 1.5 to 6 MV/cm for a 50 Å film. The Fowler–Nordheim tunneling mechanism dominated the high field range (&gt;6 MV/cm for a 50 Å film), and the leakage currents became independent of dielectric thickness. The electron tunneling effective mass was found to be 0.2 me.
Chaos Time Domain Reflectometry for Online Defect Detection in Noisy Wired Networks (2016)

In many application domains, wire faults can have dramatic consequences. Live wire diagnosis is often required to ensure permanent monitoring of the health of embedded cables. A novel reflectometry-based method for online wire diagnosis is presented. Chaos time domain reflectometry (CTDR) takes benefit of the properties of chaotic signals and shows very good potential for the diagnosis of live wires (i.e., during their operational usage) and complex topology networks. In particular, CTDR shows high performances in very noisy environments: the detection and the location of hard defects are possible even in the case of negative signal to noise ratio and if several reflectometers inject their signals in the cable. This enables using CTDR for the distributed diagnosis of live complex topology networks of lengths up to several tens of meters. CTDR's defect detection capacity is shown and experimentally verified: increasing the length of the probe signal lowers the noise level. A noise robustness analysis provides a means to choose the signals parameters necessary to ensure specified detection performances.
Pope Boniface VIII and The Commune of Orvieto (1950)

A constant source of discord within the States of the Church during medieval times was the absence of clearly-defined territorial boundaries between the control of the self-governing communes of the Patrimony and that of the papal authorities. Disputes arising from this cause embittered for several centuries the relations of the papacy with some of the principal towns of the Patrimony, among them Spoleto, Gubbio, and Orvieto. The subject of this paper is an episode in the papacy's quarrel with the last of these communes.
Gateway-Based Destination Vectors for Functional Analyses of Bacterial ORFeomes: Application to the Min System in<i>Brucella abortus</i> (2006)

Twenty Gateway-compatible destination vectors were constructed. The vectors comprise fluorescent and epitope fusion tags, various drug markers, and replication origins that should make them useful for exploring existing microbial ORFeomes. In an attempt to validate several of these vectors, we observed polar and oscillating localization of MinD in Brucella abortus.
Antibody variable region interactions with Protein A: Implications for the development of generic purification processes (2005)

In this paper, a wide range of antibodies from various subclasses and subfamilies are employed to evaluate the creation of generic separation processes using Protein A chromatography. The reasons for elution pH differences amongst several IgG1s, IgG2s, antibody fragments, and Fc-fusion proteins during Protein A chromatography are investigated using several complimentary techniques. The results indicate that variable region interactions play a major role in determining elution pH for VH3 subfamily antibodies while using traditional protein A chromatographic materials. On the other hand, experiments with a resin which employs a ligand consisting solely of B domain of Protein A indicate that variable region interactions can be mitigated, enabling the use of a single elution pH for a range of antibodies. Finally, the moderation of elution conditions associated with this engineered ligand are shown to minimize problems associated with low pH induced aggregation. It is expected that the findings reported in this paper will facilitate faster process development cycle times for this important class of human therapeutics.
Epidemiological data on Staphylococcus aureus strains producing synergohymenotropic toxins (1995)

DNA hybridisation of 309 consecutive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with oligonucleotide probes specific for genes encoding Panton-Valentine leucocidin (luk-PV) and gamma-haemolysin (hlg) revealed that 99% of randomly selected strains carried the hlg locus whereas only 2% harboured the luk-PV as well as the hlg loci. Only 1% of the strains did not possess either gene. In a clinical prospective study of independent S. aureus strains, 58 Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-producing isolates were shown to be responsible for primary skin infections, mainly furuncles (86%). Phage susceptibility patterns and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of DNA were shown to be polymorphic epidemiological markers of PVL-producing strains. In eight patients with recurrent furuncles, the PVL-producing strains isolated either from furuncles or from the anterior nares were considered to be identical in each based upon phage sensitivity profiles or PFGE patterns.
Multifunctional Block Copolymer Micelles for the Delivery of <sup>111</sup>In to EGFR-Positive Breast Cancer Cells for Targeted Auger Electron Radiotherapy (2009)

Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) can improve the payload delivery of therapeutic agents to tumors. Our aim was to construct hEGF-modified BCMs for the delivery of 111In to tumor cells for Auger electron-emission radiotherapy of EGFR-positive breast cancer (BC). Multifunctional nanosized BCMs were prepared from MePEG(2500)-b-PCL(1200) and 111In-DTPA-PEG(3000)-b-PCL(1600) with or without hEGF-PEG(2900)-b-PCL(1400) (111In-hEGF-BCMs or 111In-BCMs). The resulting BCMs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular uptake and nuclear importation were assessed in MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 BC cells with decreasing EGFR density. In vitro antiproliferative effects were evaluated using the WST-1 assay after 48 h with 111In-hEGF-BCMs, and the clonogenic assay was used to determine the survival fraction (SF) after a 21 h exposure. Results were compared with 111In-DTPA-hEGF, an established Auger electron-emitting radiotherapeutic that is currently in clinical development. Cell uptake and nuclear importation of 111In-hEGF-BCMs decreased in the following order: MDA-MB-468 > MDA-MB-231 > MCF-7. Cellular uptake of 111In-hEGF-BCMs was less than 111In-DTPA-hEGF (P < 0.05) but was 4-fold higher than for 111In-BCMs (P < 0.001). There was a significant growth inhibition of MDA-MB-468 cells by 111In-hEGF-BCMs (6-fold inhibition, P < 0.05) while the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were not significantly inhibited. The SF of MDA-MB-468 cells was decreased to 2.6% while that for MCF-7 cells was 132.7%. 111In-DTPA-hEGF reduced the SF of MDA-MB-468 cells to 0.4%. Nontargeted 111In-BCMs had minimal effect on the SF of BC cells. Therefore, the 111In-hEGF-BCMs were bound, internalized and transported to the nuclei of EGFR-positive BC cells, where the Auger electron emissions were lethal. The 111In-hEGF-BCMs are a promising delivery system for targeted radiotherapy of BC.
Dynamic optimal control for groundwater remediation with flexible management periods (1992)

A successive approximation linear quadratic regulator (SALQR) method with management periods is combined with a finite element groundwater flow and transport simulation model to determine optimal time‐varying groundwater pump‐and‐treat reclamation policies. Management periods are groups of simulation time steps during which the pumping policy remains constant. In an example problem, management periods reduced the total computational demand, as measured by the CPU time, by as much as 85% compared to the time needed for the SALQR solution without management periods. Conversely, the optimal costs increased as the number of times that the control can change is reduced. With two simulation periods per management period, the optimal cost increased by less than 1% compared to the optimal cost with no management periods, yet the computational work was reduced by a third. The optimal policies, including the number and locations of wells, changed significantly with the number of management periods. Complexity analysis revealed that the SALQR algorithm with management periods can significantly reduce the computational requirements for nonsteady optimization of groundwater reclamation and other management applications.