gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of green mate in overweight volunteers: A randomized placebo-controlled human study (2012)

Overweight and obesity have become a global epidemic and they may impair health. Traditional use and growing evidence indicate that mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) may be helpful in losing excessive weight and fat. The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated efficacy and safety of an extract from green mate in 60 overweight subjects aged 20–39 years during 6-weeks. Body composition was measured by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and after 6 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and various safety parameters were monitored. After 6 weeks, subjects taking mate experienced a significantly greater reduction of percent of body fat (−0.3% vs. +0.6%, p = 0.04) and fat mass (−0.5 kg vs. +0.2 kg, p = 0.04) than placebo. No significant differences were observed in other measurements. No adverse events occurred and all safety parameters were within normal ranges during the study in both groups. Thus, taking green mate extract reduced body fat after 6 weeks, while the treatment was safe and well tolerated.
Longevity and the Life Cycle (2001)

The life-cycle model is extended to analyze the causes of longer lifespans. In contrast to previous work, the extension delivers an explicit interior solution for consumption and longevity, where consumption is essential for living and longevity is financed with excess wealth. The solution is consistent with cross-country life-expectancy trends and explains gender differences in consumption and longevity. Also, a central testable hypothesis of the model is strongly supported by regressions using OECD panel data.
USABILITY OF NON-SPEECH SOUNDS IN USER INTERFACES (2008)

Presented at the 14th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2008) on June 24-27, 2008 in Paris, France.
DNS‐Class: immediate classification of IP flows using DNS (2014)

SUMMARY Nowadays we see a tremendous growth of the Internet, especially in terms of the amont of data being transmitted and new network protocols being introduced. This poses a challenge for network administrators, who need adequate tools for network management. Recent findings show that DNS can contribute valuable information on IP flows and improve traffic visibility in a computer network. In this paper, we apply these findings on DNS to propose a novel traffic classification algorithm with interesting features. We experimentally show that the information carried in domain names and port numbers is sufficient for immediate classification of a highly significant portion of the traffic. We present DNS‐Class: an innovative, fast and reliable flow‐based traffic classification algorithm, which on average yields 99.8 % of true positives and < 0.1% of false positives on real traffic traces. The algorithm can work as a major element of a modular system in a cascade architecture. Additionally, we provide an analysis on how various network protocols depend on DNS in terms of flows, packets and bytes. We release the complete source code implementing the presented system as open source. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer of type II collagen‐induced arthritis from DBA/1 to severe combined immunodeficiency mice can be prevented by blockade of Mac‐1 (1996)

Collagen-induced arthritis in susceptible mice is widely accepted as an experimental model for human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have investigated the role of the Mac-1 integrin beta 2 in the development and maintenance of arthritis by means of in vivo administration of 5C6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to block this receptor. Injection of a single dose of 5C6 mAb (0.5 mg, intraperitoneally) prior to the expected onset of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice diminished the severity of subsequent disease in these animals, as assessed both clinically and histologically (P < 0.01, chi 2). In the DBA/1 to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) transfer model of arthritis, the incidence of clinical arthritis was significantly reduced in SCID mice receiving maintained 5C6 treatment commencing the day prior to administration of donor splenocytes. Histological evaluation of joints from animals without clinically evident arthritis confirmed the absence of an inflammatory infiltrate in 22/27 joints examined. In a minority of these joints, however, synovial hyperplasia was apparent. In contrast, delaying antibody administration until 10 days after donor spleen cell transfer failed to protect three of five SCID recipients. These results confirm a functional role for Mac-1 in the generation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Since mAb 5C6 is non-cytotoxic, its action must be by blockade of the interactions between Mac-1 and its natural ligand(s). Our findings support the hypothesis that cells expressing Mac-1 play an important role in the induction and maintenance of joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis.
Electron density in the sodium vanadium oxide bronze β-Na<sub> <i>x</i> </sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> at 9 K (2001)

The crystal structure and electron density in sodium vanadium oxide bronze, beta-Na(x)V(2)O(5) [x = 0.282 (3)], have been studied by accurate Mo Kalpha X-ray diffraction measurements at 9.6 (3) K. No noticeable difference in the crystal structures at room temperature and 9.6 K has been observed. No superstructure reflections, previously found by Kanai, Kagoshima & Nagasawa [(1982), J. Phys. Soc. Jpn, 51, 697-698], have been detected at low temperature. Analysis of the deformation electron density has revealed the presence of the quasi-two-dimensional sheets of the -V-O-V-O- bonds in the structure. The electron density in the different chemical bonds within each of the three crystallographically independent VO(6) polyhedra noticeably varies, although there is no clear evidence that the three crystallographically independent V atoms have different valence states.
Teacher education and its reform in contemporary Japan (2000)

This article aims to describe the general framework of the teacher training system and its recent reform in Japan. As elsewhere, Japanese society is moving into an era of mass higher education provision. Since initial teacher training is provided by universities, the reform of teacher training is a part of the higher education restructuring that is also under way. At the same time, Japan is facing educational problems in compulsory education. The Educational Personnel Training Council of Japan is recommending reforms, which attempt to create a new type of teacher to cope with these educational problems. This opens the way for the Japanese state to develop more direct control over the curriculum and assessment of teaching staff in universities. The Ministry of Education is attempting to develop new control methods of 'Evaluative State' strategies. The reform of teacher education system exemplifies this shift.
Glucose mediated synthesis of gold nanoshells: A facile and eco-friendly approach conferring high colloidal stability (2013)

In this paper, we report a novel, eco-friendly method for the preparation of gold nanoshells (GNS) with unprecedented colloidal stability. Gold shell layers were grown on silica nanospheres by utilizing glucose. Nanoshell morphology was optimized by varying the molar ratio of glucose to gold, and was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The colloidal stability of the prepared nanoshells was compared to those made using formaldehyde reductant, using sequential extinction intensity measurements and electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to elucidate their surface chemistry. Uniformity and homogeneity in the shells was achieved at a molar ratio of 2, followed by shell thinning at higher glucose concentrations. These colloids exhibited remarkable stability, compared to those prepared with the commonly reported protocol, where formaldehyde is employed as the reducing agent. The key role played by glucose in imparting high stability, in conjunction with its reducing properties is demonstrated. Furthermore, the sensing potential of these nanoshells was demonstrated using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the near-infrared region on an optical fiber platform. The present approach offers an eco-friendly route for the production of nanoshells with high stability, augmenting their use for sensing and in vivo applications, where highly stable and unaggregated nanoshells are preferred. By eliminating the routinely used noxious formaldehyde, this method presents itself as a safe, scalable and direct route for the synthesis of glucose capped nanoshells, which are much sought after for therapeutic applications.
Identification and Characterization of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> Invasion Gene Locus, <i>ibeB</i> , Required for Penetration of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (1999)

Escherichia coli K1 is the most common gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis, but the mechanism by which E. coli K1 crosses the blood-brain barrier is incompletely understood. We have previously described the cloning and molecular characterization of a determinant, ibeA (also called ibe10), from the chromosome of an invasive cerebrospinal fluid isolate of E. coli K1 strain RS218 (O18:K1:H7). Here we report the identification of another chromosomal locus, ibeB, which allows RS218 to invade brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). The noninvasive TnphoA mutant 7A-33 exhibited <1% the invasive ability of the parent strain in vitro in BMEC and was significantly less invasive in the central nervous system in the newborn rat model of hematogenous E. coli meningitis than the parent strain. The TnphoA insert with flanking sequences was cloned and sequenced. A 1,383-nucleotide open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 50-kDa protein was identified and termed ibeB. This ORF was found to be 97% identical to a gene encoding a 50-kDa hypothetical protein (p77211) and located in the 13-min region of the E. coli K-12 genome. However, no homology was observed between ibeB and other known invasion genes when DNA and protein databases in GenBank were searched. Like the TnphoA insertion mutant 7A-33, an isogenic ibeB deletion mutant (IB7D5) was unable to invade BMEC. A 7. 0-kb locus containing ibeB was isolated from a LambdaGEM-12 genomic library of E. coli RS218 and subcloned into a pBluescript KS vector (pKS7-7B). pKS7-7B was capable of completely restoring the BMEC invasion of the noninvasive TnphoA mutant 7A-33 and the ibeB deletion mutant IB7D5 to the level of the parent strain. More importantly, the ibeB deletion mutant IB7D5 was fully complemented by pFN476 carrying the ibeB ORF (pFN7C), indicating that ibeB is required for E. coli K1 invasion of BMEC. Taken together, these findings indicate that several E. coli determinants, including ibeA and ibeB, contribute to crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
On the iconic nature of conformational pictures and their recognition (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the iconic nature of conformational pictures and their recognitionH. W. WhitlockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 26, 7297–7305Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00026a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease: selection of imaging parameters and clinical evaluation with MR angiography. (1993)

In the first phase of this study, seven healthy subjects underwent examination with two-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography to develop a protocol for evaluation of peripheral arterial vasculature from the infrarenal aorta to the foot. In the second phase, 73 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease underwent examination with both conventional contrast material-enhanced arteriography and two-dimensional TOF MR angiography to evaluate the clinical usefulness of MR angiography. Postinterventional and intraoperative angiography or direct surgical exploration was the standard of reference. In 32 patients, discrepancies occurred between findings on arteriograms and those on MR angiograms; most of these discrepancies were caused by improved depiction of runoff vessels on MR angiograms. The demonstration with MR angiography of blood vessels not seen on conventional arteriograms, unidentified stenoses, or misidentified blood vessels altered surgical management in 12 patients (16%). Metal-clip artifacts obscured clinically important disease on MR angiograms in two patients. It is concluded that two-dimensional TOF MR angiography is very useful in preoperative assessment of patients with severe peripheral vascular disease.
Gain enhancement in a Raman amplifier via optical filtering techniques (2000)

We perform numerical simulations which include a high frequency pass filter (HPF) to demonstrate gain improvement in a Raman amplifier for signals with both low and high frequency shifts from the pump. Our simulations predict gain improvements in excess of 30 dB in practical amplification systems.
Ligand and pH Influence on Manganese-Mediated Peracetic Acid Epoxidation of Terminal Olefins (2004)

[reaction: see text] Nineteen Mn(II) complexes were screened for the catalytic epoxidation of terminal olefins using peracetic acid. Few of these complexes are efficient catalysts at pH < 2, but many are effective at 1 mol % catalyst loading at pH 4. With 0.1 mol % loading, four complexes epoxidize 1-octene in approximately 80% yield in 5 min. The relative reactivity of the catalysts toward different olefins was probed using a multicomponent intermolecular competition reaction.
Using XML for cloud specification and XQuery for service discovery (2010)

The emergence of service-oriented computing and cloud computing advocate the development of new software applications on the basis of existing services. To make effectively and efficiently use of existing services, it is essential to describe services so that developers can easily discover and correctly exploit them for their own software development endeavours. In this paper, we present a framework in which existing services available through a cloud are modelled by Abstract State Services. For specification, we use TBox and ABox statements bound to XML Schema and XML. Given such a representation, XQuery can be used for service discovery.
Diagnosis of Amebic Liver Abscess and Amebic Colitis by Detection of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> DNA in Blood, Urine, and Saliva by a Real-Time PCR Assay (2010)

The noninvasive diagnosis of amebic liver abscess is challenging, as most patients at the time of diagnosis do not have a concurrent intestinal infection with Entamoeba histolytica. Fecal testing for E. histolytica parasite antigen or DNA is negative in most patients. A real-time PCR assay was evaluated for detection of E. histolytica DNA in blood, urine, and saliva samples from amebic liver abscess as well as amebic colitis patients in Bangladesh. A total of 98 amebic liver abscess and 28 amebic colitis patients and 43 control subjects were examined. The real-time PCR assay detected E. histolytica DNA in 49%, 77%, and 69% of blood, urine, and saliva specimens from the amebic liver abscess patients. For amebic colitis the sensitivity of the real-time PCR assay for detection of E. histolytica DNA in blood, urine, and saliva was 36%, 61%, and 64%, respectively. All blood, urine, and saliva samples from control subjects were negative by the real-time PCR assay for E. histolytica DNA. When the real-time PCR assay results of the urine and saliva specimens were taken together (positive either in urine or saliva), the real-time PCR assay was 97% and 89% sensitive for detection of E. histolytica DNA in liver abscess and intestinal infection, respectively. We conclude that the detection of E. histolytica DNA in saliva and urine could be used as a diagnostic tool for amebic liver abscess.
New Observations on the Substrate Specificity of Cathepsin C (Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase I) (1969)

Substrate specificity of cathepsin C derived from rat liver, describing polymeric structure and behavior as acidic protein
Quantification of SMN protein in leucocytes from spinal muscular atrophy patients: effects of treatment with valproic acid (2010)

SMN protein quantification by this SMN ELISA is a useful additional tool for evaluating the effects of experimental treatment in SMA.
The dynamics of surface acoustic wave‐driven scaffold cell seeding (2009)

Flow visualization using fluorescent microparticles and cell viability investigations are carried out to examine the mechanisms by which cells are seeded into scaffolds driven by surface acoustic waves. The former consists of observing both the external flow prior to the entry of the suspension into the scaffold and the internal flow within the scaffold pores. The latter involves micro-CT (computed tomography) scans of the particle distributions within the seeded scaffolds and visual and quantitative methods to examine the morphology and proliferation ability of the irradiated cells. The results of these investigations elucidate the mechanisms by which particles are seeded, and hence provide valuable information that form the basis for optimizing this recently discovered method for rapid, efficient, and uniform scaffold cell seeding. Yeast cells are observed to maintain their size and morphology as well as their proliferation ability over 14 days after they are irradiated. The mammalian primary osteoblast cells tested also show little difference in their viability when exposed to the surface acoustic wave irradiation compared to a control set. Together, these provide initial feasibility results that demonstrate the surface acoustic wave technology as a viable seeding method without risk of denaturing the cells.
Multiple Description Image Coding Using Regions of Interest (2007)

A multiple description (MD) coding scheme encodes an image such that each description alone yields an acceptable reconstruction quality, and the descriptions together render increasingly better approximations of the image. Traditionally, each description contributes equally to the reconstruction quality throughout the image. This is inefficient from a coding perspective since all descriptions largely represent similar source information. We suggest a novel region of interest (ROI) based MD coding scheme with two descriptions and two ROIs, such that each ROI is coded into a separate description. The impact this scheme has on visual reconstruction quality and coding efficiency is investigated. We argue that ROI based MD coding is beneficial at low bit rates since it (i) introduces little redundancy between the descriptions with practically no loss in quality at the central decoder, and (ii) still produces useful side descriptions. Extensions to video coding are discussed in the concluding section.
Ultrasonic condition monitoring using thin-film piezoelectric sensors (2010)

Thin-film low-profile sensors have been investigated for ultrasonic condition monitoring. The sensors are made by growing a thin film of aluminium nitride onto the component to be monitored. The transducers can be engineered to operate in passive or active mode from 200 kHz to 400 MHz. New or existing applications based on ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques or acoustic emission testing can make use of the sensors, including monitoring of high-temperature plant or machinery. The sensors have been demonstrated on various component materials such as stainless steel, ferritic steel, aluminium, titanium and silicon carbide. The piezoelectric material used, aluminium nitride, has a very high Curie temperature so the devices can be used up to 600°C. Examples are presented of devices operating in pulse-echo and passive detection modes, which could be used for permanent monitoring of parts which would normally require maintenance outage in order to be inspected. In addition, because the typical thin-film transducers are only 8-40 μm thick, sensors can be placed in locations previously impossible to access. The operating frequency of the thin-film devices has been investigated by simulation using an equivalent circuit model.
Arrays of field emission cathode structures with sub-300 nm gates (2000)

A novel field emission cathode process has been developed to produce cathode arrays with individual emitter structures having gates with &lt;300 nm diameters. Ion tracking lithography was utilized to pattern submicron features, which can be controlled over the range 30–300 nm, and to create self-aligned and nanosized, gated emitter structures. Nanocone emitter tips were deposited into the gate structure using a variation of the Spindt process. Field emitter arrays having ∼300 nm gate diameters and an emitter density of 108/cm2 exhibited a current density of 4 mA/cm2 for a 45 V gate bias. This ion tracking lithographic approach is suitable and scalable for large flat panel video displays and appears to be commercially viable.
Development and Scale-Up of an Aqueous Ethanolamine Scrubber for Methyl Bromide Removal (2002)

A scrubber system was developed specifically to remove methyl bromide liberated during a demethylation process. On-line mass spectrometry (MS) was implemented and developed as a tool to monitor and quantify the methyl bromide scrubber efficiency during the demethylation reaction for laboratory and pilot-plant campaign runs. The MS technique is relatively simple to interface to existing equipment, requires no direct sample contact, and allows for the sampling from multiple ports. Results of the MS on-line monitoring using ethanolamine for both the laboratory and pilot plant showed scrubber removal efficiency of >99%. In addition to MS, ion chromatography and other gravimetric methods were implemented to confirm the level of methyl bromide consumed by the scrubber.