gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods of Clinical and Biological Assessment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (1987)

Inflammation has long been recognised as notoriously difficult to measure both in clinical practice and in the laboratory. Of all the cardinal features of inflammation, pain relief is really what the patients want, and among disabled persons, rheumatic patients are the only ones who must cope with chronic pain. The rheumatologist, however, is also interested in other parameters that are thought to reflect improvement of the inflammatory process. The methods used to clinically assess rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should share the following four parameters: validity, sensitivity, reliability and simplicity. Unfortunately, at present, no single ideal method is capable of accurately reflecting disease activity in RA. The measurement of pain relief by the visual analogue scale, the determination of the Ritchie index and the duration of morning stiffness, plus patient assessment of global response should be enough to detect clinical activity of the drug in RA. If we are working with slow-acting drugs or so-called disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), it should be appropriate to include X-ray analysis and laboratory tests in the evaluation. A reduction in the number of fresh erosions and/or the healing of present erosions can give reliable information on the capacity of the drug to really modify the course of the disease. At present, measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and of acute phase serum proteins seems to offer the best available assessment during early weeks of therapy. The other biological tests are of limited value in reflecting or predicting a beneficial clinical response to DMARDs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Linking social network accounts by modeling user spatiotemporal habits (2017)

Identifying the physical person behind an SNS account has become a critical issue in investigations of SNS-involved crime cases. It is a challenging task because information provided by users on an SNS platform could be false, conflicting, missing and deceptive. One way to gain an accurate profile of a user is to link up all their multiple accounts created on different social platforms, which is referred to as Account Linkage (AL). However, existing AL techniques suffer from the problem of information unreliability. Recent advances in location acquisition and wireless communication technologies give rise to new opportunities for AL. In this paper, we propose a framework that links up multiple accounts belonging to the same individual by comparing habit patterns extracted from user-generated location data. We built a topic model to capture users habit patterns in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Results of experiments carried out on a real-world dataset demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed framework.
Physicochemical Studies on a Lipopolysaccharide from the Cell Wall of Azotobacter vinelandii (1967)

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide prepared from the cell wall of Azotobacter vinelandii was found to consist of two polydisperse components: s20 = 8 to 16 S and s20 = 70 to 100 S. Treatment of this material with ethylenediaminetetraacetate resulted in dissociation into a smaller homogeneous unit with a molecular weight of 134,000 daltons. Subsequent dialysis in the presence of CaCl2 produced a reassociated polymer with a molecular weight of 873,000 daltons. Dissociation of the lipopolysaccharide was also effected by dodecyl sulfate. The smallest subunit, obtained by the combined action of dodecyl sulfate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, had a molecular weight of 65,600 daltons when corrected for binding of dodecyl sulfate. Equilibrium and velocity sedimentation and viscosity measurements characterize both the dissociated and reassociated species as relatively homogeneous, highly asymmetric particles. The hydrogen ion titration curve has clearly identifiable segments due to the titration of carboxyl and amino groups. The latter appear to have a lower intrinsic pK than expected from the partially known structure. The lipopolysaccharide was shown to contain phosphate, glucose, and a 2-keto-3-deoxy sugar. Ribose, rhamnose, and hexosamine were identified tentatively.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF ALIPHATIC AZIDO COMPOUNDS. VIII. STUDY OF THE ISOMERIC COMPOSITION OF PRODUCTS OF THE CYCLOADDITION OF ALIPHATIC AZIDES TO ACETYLENE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Das Verhältnis der bei Additionen von Aziden an die Acetylene (I) entstehenden Triazol‐Isomeren (II) und (III) wird hauptsächlich durch die Natur der Substituenten R′ und nur in geringem Maße durch die Substituenten R2 bestimmt.
Resonance Raman studies of transition metal peroxo complexes: 5—The oxygen carrier cobalt(II)‐salen and its μ‐peroxo complexes, [(L)(salen)Co]<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>; L = DMSO, py, DMF, pyO and no L (1981)

Abstract Resonance Raman spectra of the species [Co(salen)], [Co(salen)] 2 and [Co(salen)(py)] were obtained both from the solids and from CHCl 3 solutions. These spectra show a large number of bands in the 100–1750 cm −1 region which are assigned to vibrational modes of the salen ring. Oxygenated complexes having the general form μ‐peroxo‐[Co(salen)(L)] 2 O 2 , with ligand L being DMSO, py, DMF, pyO or no L and occupying the axial position trans to the dioxygen, gave resonance Raman spectra with many bands throughout the region 100–1750 cm −1 . The ν(CoO) and ν (OO) wavenumbers in these complexes have been assigned by means of oxygen‐18 substitution. Force constants for the OO and COO bonds in the DMF complex have the values 380 and 247 N m −1 , respectively. The effect of changing the ligand L on the observed wave numbers is interpreted in terms of both σ and π‐donor effects through the metal. Band intensity excitation profiles demonstrate that the O 2 2− → Co 3+ CT transition occurs at ˜370±10 nm for the complexes containing ligands L and at 580 nm for the complex with no L. Resonance function plots of Raman band intensities are interpreted in terms of the relative values of the OO bond orders which are shown to vary with the ligand L as follows: py>pyO>DMF>DMSO. This order is, however, at variance with that based on the ν (OO) wavenumbers.
<title>New algorithm of image registration in image fusion based on wavelet decomposition</title> (1996)

Multiple image registration plays a crucial role in multiple-sensor or multiple-spectral image fusion. We present an improved multi-resolutional SSDA that bases on wavelet decomposition. When computing the alignment parameters, we use a coarse-to-fine updating strategy and proper preprocessing stage. This approach yields sub-pixel accuracy to multi-spectral images with 2D geometric transformation of translations, rotations and scale changes. Experiment results show that our improved implement is robust and reliable for multispectral images.
The Influence of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Ammonia on the Corrosion Behavior of Plain Carbon Steel in High Temperature Water (1968)

The corrosion behavior of plain carbon steel in high temperature water has been studied using electrochemical polarization techniques. The influence of oxygen, hydrogen, and ammonia on the corrosion behavior has been studied over the range &lt; 0.1-100 ppm. Potentiostatic anodic polarization data indicate that only oxygen has any effect on the anodic dissolution kinetics of carboh steel at 289 C (552 F). Controlled potential corrosion experiments at highly noble potentials in oxygenated water did not produce any form of localized corrosion. Cathodic Tafel polarization data indicate that the primary cathodic partial process during corrosion in ammonia and hydrogenated solutions is the reduction of hydrogen ions. Reduced steady-state corrosion rates observed in ammoniated solutions are due to the severe reduction in the limiting diffusion rate of hydrogen ions because of a simple pH effect. In oxygenated solutions, over the range 0.1-50 ppm O2, the major reduction process is the reduction of H+. At 50-100 ppm O2 levels, however, the reduction process changes to O2 + 2H2O + 4e→4OH−, with the formation of a protective oxide film and a reduction of the steady-state corrosion rate to 0.2 mdd. Linear polarization studies indicated that the steady-state corrosion rate of carbon steel in hydrogenated solutions is relatively independent of H2 content. The corrosion rate in ammoniated solutions decreased with NH3 content over the range 1-100 ppm NH3. Corrosion rates in oxygenated water over the range &lt; 0.08-100 ppm increase through a maximum at approximately 50 ppm then decreases to a low value at 100 ppm. This behavior is interpreted by the formation of a protective oxide film which is dependent on oxygen content. X-ray diffraction studies indicate the presence of a duplex oxide film in high oxygen solutions consisting of γFe2O3 and Fe3O4. At lower oxygen levels, only αFe2O3 was observed and also in ammoniated solutions. In hydrogenated solutions, with the highers corrosion rates, only αFe2O3 was observed on the surface.
Modulation of macrophage and B cell function by glycosaminoglycans (1999)

There is increasing evidence that the behavior of antigen-presenting cells may be regulated, in part, by the surrounding microenvironment. Components of the microenvironment of solid tissues that might influence antigen-presenting cell functions include glycosaminoglycans. We previously showed that heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans activate macrophages, leading to profound alterations in T cell responses. Here we demonstrate the functional changes that occur in murine antigen-presenting cells induced by heparan sulfate and other glycosaminoglycans, and postulate how these functional changes influence the nature of local immune responses. Heparan sulfate triggered up-regulation of ICAM-1 and I-A, caused the release by antigen-presenting cells of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, transforming growth factor beta, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and (in macrophages) induced cytotoxic capability. Heparin induced IL-12 and interferon-gamma production but did not promote the release of other cytokines. Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, although not stimulating the production of cytokines or of PGE2, elicited the production by macrophages of nitric oxide. These findings support a model in which the glycosaminoglycan composition of a given tissue, which may be altered by inflammatory processes, helps to regulate the behavior of antigen-presenting cells, which in turn determines the characteristics of the immune response that ensues.
The Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase, p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase, Is an Important Regulator of Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation (2005)

An increase in the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been correlated with the progression of prostate cancer to advanced disease in humans. The serine/threonine protein kinase p90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is an important downstream effector of MAPK but its role in prostate cancer has not previously been examined. Increasing RSK isoform 2 (RSK2) levels in the human prostate cancer line, LNCaP, enhanced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression, an important diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, whereas inhibiting RSK activity using a RSK-specific inhibitor, 3Ac-SL0101, decreased PSA expression. The RSK2 regulation of PSA expression occurred via a mechanism involving both RSK2 kinase activity and its ability to associate with the coactivator, p300. RNA interference of the androgen receptor (AR) showed that the AR was important in the RSK2-mediated increase in PSA expression. RSK levels are higher in approximately 50% of human prostate cancers compared with normal prostate tissue, which suggests that increased RSK levels may participate in the rise in PSA expression that occurs in prostate cancer. Furthermore, 3Ac-SL0101 inhibited proliferation of the LNCaP line and the androgen-independent human prostate cancer line, PC-3. These results suggest that proliferation of some prostate cancer cells is dependent on RSK activity and support the hypothesis that RSK may be an important chemotherapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Evaluation of Blue-Light Hazards from Various Light Sources (2002)

Visible light of short wavelength (blue light) may cause a photochemical injury to the retina, called photoretinitis or blue-light hazard. In this study, various light sources were evaluated for blue-light hazard. These sources include the sun, the arc associated with arc welding and plasma cutting, molten steel, iron and glass, the interior of furnaces, the arc or envelope of discharge lamps, the filament or envelope of incandescent lamps, the envelope of fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes. The spectral radiance of each light source was measured, and blue-light effective radiance and the corresponding permissible exposure time per day were calculated in accordance with the ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) standard. The sun, arc welding, plasma cutting and the arc of discharge lamps were found to have extremely high effective radiances with corresponding permissible exposure times of only 0.6-40 s, suggesting that viewing these light sources is very hazardous to the retina. Other light sources were found to have low effective radiances under the study conditions and would pose no hazard, at least for short exposure times.
Identification and characterization of two ammonium transporter genes in flowering Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica campestris</i>) (2018)

Ammonium transporters (AMTs), which include AMT1 and AMT2 subfamilies, have been identified and partially characterized in many plants. In this study, two AMT2-type genes from <i>Brassica campestris</i>, namely <i>BcAMT2</i> and <i>BcAMT2like</i>, were identified and characterized. <i>BcAMT2</i> and <i>BcAMT2like</i> are 2666 bp and 2952 bp, encode proteins of 490 and 489 amino acids, respectively, and contain five exons and four introns. Transient expression of these proteins labelled with green fluorescence protein in onion epidermal cells indicated that both are located on the plasma membrane. When expressing <i>BcAMT2</i> or <i>BcAMT2like</i>, the mutant yeast strain 31019b could grow on medium containing 2 mM ammonium as the only nitrogen source when expressing <i>BcAMT2</i> or <i>BcAMT2like</i>, indicating that both are functional <i>AMT</i> genes. Quantitative PCR results showed that <i>BcAMT2</i> and <i>BcAMT2like</i> were expressed in all tissues, but they displayed different expression patterns in the reproductive stages. <i>BcAMT2s</i> transcript levels in leaves were positively correlated with ammonium concentration and external pH. Moreover, the expression <i>BcAMT2s</i> responded to diurnal change. Furthermore, the uncharged form of ammonium, i.e., ammonia, might also be transported by BcAMT2s. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ammonium absorption and transportation by the AMT2 subfamily in <i>B. campestris.</i>
End-to-End AMR Corefencence Resolution (2021)

Qiankun Fu, Linfeng Song, Wenyu Du, Yue Zhang. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2021.
Three New Species of<i>Acaulospora</i>(Endogonaceae) From High Aluminum, Low Ph Soils in West Virginia (1986)

Three new species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are described: Acaulospora dilatata, Acaulospora lacunosa, and Acaulospora rugosa. All three species were most commonly associated with Andropogon virginicus growing in low pH, high aluminum soils. Each fungus differed markedly in spore wall surface characteristics, but all possessed an elastic inner wall that was amorphous in lactophenol-based mountants and stained dark reddish purple in Melzer's reagent.
Tumor necrosis factor mediates experimental pulmonary edema by ICAM-1 and CD18-dependent mechanisms. (1992)

(TNF alpha)-induced sequestration of neutrophils (PMN) in lungs and of the resultant PMN-dependent pulmonary edema. Guinea pig lungs perfused with Ringers-albumin were challenged with TNF alpha (1,000 U/ml) for 90 min, followed by addition of fresh perfusate containing 2 x 10(7) human PMN. TNF alpha challenge caused sequestration of PMN in the pulmonary vascular bed as indicated by a threefold increase in lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). The activation of the sequestered PMN with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 5 x 10(-9) M) produced threefold increases in pulmonary artery (Ppa) and pulmonary capillary hydrostatic (Pcap) pressures, and twofold increases in lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c) over baseline. TNF alpha prestimulation was required for these responses since activation of PMN with PMA in control lungs produced smaller increases in Ppa and Pcap (P less than 0.01) and did not change the W/D and Kf,c. TNF alpha prestimulation also induced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the neutrophil CD18 integrin (beta-chain of CD11/CD18 complex) (mAb IB4) and to its endothelial cell ligand ICAM-1 (mAb RR1/1) were used to examine the role of PMN adhesion in the TNF alpha-induced responses. Pretreatment of PMN with mAb IB4 prevented PMN uptake and increases in Ppa, Pcap, Kf,c, and W/D ratio. Addition of mAb RR1/1 to the perfusate reduced PMN uptake by 58%, and prevented the increases in Ppa, Pcap, Kf,c, and W/D ratio, as with mAb IB4. The findings indicate that TNF alpha prestimulation of lungs mediates PMN uptake and that this requires the expression of ICAM-1 and its interaction with CD18 integrin on PMN. The activation of PMN sequestered by ICAM-1-dependent mechanism contributes to the development of pulmonary vascular injury and edema.
Combining Innovative Technologies To Maximize Scale Squeeze Cost Reduction (1999)

Abstract The continual need to reduce oil production costs has led Mobil North Sea Limited (MNSL) and TR Oil Services Limited (TROS) to develop a new strategy for maximising the efficiency of scale squeeze treatments on the Beryl Field. The strategy combines the advantages of enhanced precipitation scale inhibitors with a squeeze performance enhancer. The development and use of innovative chemical technologies such as these, has provided the industry with an important new route to achieving cost reduction goals. The enhanced precipitation scale inhibitor in use on Beryl has been reformulated to provide optimum performance over an eight-hour shut-in period. Core flood studies have shown that the lifetime achieved through use of the optimised product is, in fact, longer than that seen with the original scale inhibitor, which utilised an eighteen-hour shut-in period. The ten-hour reduction of the soak time has meant that production down time during squeeze treatments has been dramatically reduced. The scale squeeze enhancer has been developed in conjunction with BP Chemicals and BP Exploration to promote the retention of scale inhibitor during a squeeze treatment. Experimental work has indicated that application of the squeeze enhancer in conjunction with the reformulated inhibitor package will result in significantly longer squeeze lifetimes than those previously seen on Beryl. Following the laboratory work, several field trials in the Beryl Field have been performed. The correct deployment of the enhancer with the precipitation squeeze inhibitor has resulted in a significant reduction in the re-treatment interval and well clean up times leading to significant cost savings.
Online scheduling of image satellites based on neural networks and deep reinforcement learning (2019)

In the “Internet Plus” era, space-based information services require effective and fast image satellite scheduling. Most existing studies consider image satellite scheduling to be an optimization problem to solve with searching algorithms in a batch-wise manner. No real-time speed method for satellite scheduling exists. In this paper, with the idea of building a real-time speed method, satellite scheduling is remodeled based on a Dynamic and Stochastic Knapsack Problem (DSKP), and the objective is to maximize the total expected profit. No existing algorithm could be able to solve this novel scheduling problem properly. With inspiration from the recent achievements in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in video games, AlphaGo and dynamic controlling, a novel DRL-based method is applied to training a neural network to schedule tasks. The numerical results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve relatively good performance with real-time speed and immediate respond style. Keywords: Deep reinforcement learning, Dynamic scheduling, Image satellites, Neural network, Online scheduling
A taxonomic study on the genus Eucoenogenes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from China (2005)

This paper deals with six species of the genus Eucoenogenes Meyrick from China. Two species, Eucoenogenes elongata, sp. nov. and Eucoenogenes wuyiensis, sp. nov., are described as new to science. E. cyanopsis (Meyrick) is reported for the first time in China. The adult photographs and the genital structure of the new species are provided. A key to all the known Chinese species is given.
Tracing Activity Across the Whole Brain Neural Network with Optogenetic Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2011)

Despite the overwhelming need, there has been a relatively large gap in our ability to trace network level activity across the brain. The complex dense wiring of the brain makes it extremely challenging to understand cell-type specific activity and their communication beyond a few synapses. Recent development of the optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI) provides a new impetus for the study of brain circuits by enabling causal tracing of activities arising from defined cell types and firing patterns across the whole brain. Brain circuit elements can be selectively triggered based on their genetic identity, cell body location, and/or their axonal projection target with temporal precision while the resulting network response is monitored non-invasively with unprecedented spatial and temporal accuracy. With further studies including technological innovations to bring ofMRI to its full potential, ofMRI is expected to play an important role in our system-level understanding of the brain circuit mechanism.
Esters of Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acids. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsters of Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acids.David N. Burdge and N. Lee AllphinCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1963, 8, 3, 457–459Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60018a057https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts