gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NFSv4 Global Namespace Problem Statement (2005)

NFS is one of the primary data access protocols for NAS, and naturally
NFS users have been demanding a global namespace for NFS. This
document intends to explain the rational for a global namespace, why
it is an important feature for a network file system protocol, and the
problems that a global namespace for files would solve.
A Cluster Based Replication Architecture for Load Balancing in Peer-to-Peer Content Distribution (2010)

In P2P systems, large volumes of data are declustered naturally across a large number of peers. But it is very difficult to control the initial data distribution because every user has the freedom to share any data with other users. The system scalability can be improved by distributing the load across multiple servers which is proposed by replication. The large scale content distribution systems were improved broadly using the replication techniques. The demanded contents can be brought closer to the clients by multiplying the source of information geographically, which in turn reduce both the access latency and the network traffic. In addition to this, due to the intrinsic dynamism of the P2P environment, static data distribution cannot be expected to guarantee good load balancing. If the hot peers become bottleneck, it leads to increased user response time and significant performance degradation of the system. Hence an effective load balancing mechanism is necessary in such cases and it can be attained efficiently by intelligent data replication.
Positive inotropic action of saponins on isolated atrial and papillary muscles from the guinea‐pig (1986)

The effects of several saponins of animal and plant origin on the contractile activity of atrial and papillary muscles of the guinea-pig were tested. In a concentration of 1 X 10(-5)M, holothurin-A (HL-A), holothurin-B, echinoside-A, echinoside-B and sakuraso-saponin (Saku) exhibited positive inotropic and chronotropic actions whereas desacyl-jego-saponin and ginsenoside-Rd did not. Saponins having a positive inotropic action caused haemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes whereas those without inotropic action did not cause haemolysis. The positive inotropic action of saponins was not affected by practolol, chlorpheniramine, cimetidine and indomethacin. Verapamil (10(-6)M) inhibited the inotropic actions due to HL-A and isoprenaline (10(-8)M) to the same extent but had a small effect on those due to ouabain (10(-7)M). In high K+ (30 mM K+) medium where the action potential and the contraction were depressed, HL-A, Saku and isoprenaline restored the action potential and the contraction of the 'slow response' type whereas ouabain failed to do so. In normal medium HL-A and Saku reduced the resting membrane potential by 15-20 mV. These results suggest that modification of the Ca channel is involved in the positive inotropic action of saponins.
Interferometric Testing of Large Optical Components with Circular Computer Holograms (1972)

In testing a large aspheric mirror such as a paraboloid, one uses as interferometric reference a small spherical mirror together with a test glass. The combination of mirror and test glass produces a parabolic wavefront for comparison. Recently holograms have been used as synthetic test glasses. The average fringe distance of the grating-like holograms has to be fine enough if separation of the diffraction orders is required. We propose to use holograms with circular fringes. Now the different diffraction orders come to focus at different locations on the optical axis, where all but one order can be eliminated. This is easily possible, since the waves coming from a mirror with a central hole are hollow cones. Several ways for making these computer-generated circular holograms are suggested.
A chimeric opioid peptide with mixed μ agonist/δ antagonist properties (2004)

There is evidence to indicate that opioid compounds with mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist properties are analgesics with low propensity to produce tolerance and physical dependence. A chimeric peptide containing the potent and selective mu agonist H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 ([Dmt1]DALDA) (Dmt=2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) and the potent and selective delta antagonist H-Tyr-TicPsi[CH2-NH]Cha-Phe-OH (TICP[Psi]) (Cha=cyclohexylalanine), connected 'tail-to-tail' via a short linker, was synthesized using a combination of solid-phase and solution techniques. The resulting peptide, H-Dmt-->D-Arg-->Phe-->Lys-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-Phe<--Cha[NH-CH2]PsiTic<--Tyr-H, showed the expected mu agonist/delta antagonist profile in the guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens assays. Its mu and delta receptor binding affinities were in the low nanomolar range, as determined in rat brain membrane binding assays.
Use of ion implantation to eliminate stress-induced distortion in x-ray masks (1988)

One of the most important questions with regard to using x-ray lithography for integrated circuit manufacturing is whether distortion in the x-ray mask, caused by intrinsic stress in the absorber material, can be made sufficiently small for all types of patterns. Pattern features should deviate from their assigned in-plane positions by no more than a fraction of the minimum linewidth. Tungsten (W) is a more desirable absorber than gold because of its thermal stability and its closer match to the thermal expansion coefficient of Si. However, it is difficult to reproducibly deposit W films with zero stress. We describe a compensation technique for eliminating distortion, regardless of the initial absorber stress. Experiments were done on 0.3–0.4-μm-thick W patterned on 1-μm-thick Si and Si3N4 membranes, suitable for x-ray masks. Distortions caused by tensile stresses ∼109 dyns/cm2 can be eliminated by Si implantation at doses ∼1016 cm−2. Measurements of deflections at an edge were made using a Linnik interferometer, and from this the stress was calculated. Si ions were implanted to a projected range of 10 nm in the W at doses in the range 1015–1016 cm−2. Distortion correction takes place because the implantation produces compressive stress near the upper surface, resulting in a torque that balances a torque of opposite sign at the absorber–membrane interface due to tensile stress in the W. We present a theory for stress compensation together with an empirical prescription for eliminating stress-induced distortion. We also report crystallographic analysis of the W and describe a method for getting α-phase W, in either tensile or compressive stress, which appears to be highly stable.
Integrated Optoelectronic Receivers for Intra-Chip Communication (2005)

A significant and underutilized advantage of optical interconnection is the advantage of voltage isolation. Voltage isolation of transmit and receive nodes has potential to speed up any system which requires electrical fanout such as a clock distribution parallel broadcast system or DRAM architecture. The advantage of this approach has been shown theoretically by Pappu and Apsel in [1]. In this work, a comparison of voltage supply invariant performance for the two networks shown in figures 1 and 2 is performed. The figures show how fanout of signals to many nodes is performed electrically (with design of optimal drivers and optimal repeater insertion) and how the same electrical load can be subdivided with a layer of optical fanout to improve latency. Since the cost in the optical system of improved latency is the increased power required from the transmitter, analysis of both power and latency is performed. The analytical results shown in figure 3 to the left that include repeater insertion in both systems as well as the effect of wiring parasitics show that by using both the voltage isolation properties of optical signaling and the raw improvement in latency in the presence of parasitics that optical signaling also provides, there is a case for using optical interconnect at very short distances and even on- chip. The metric used in this figure is Ex1 2 3, a voltage supply invariant metric used in architectural comparisons. E is the energy of the systems, while x is the latency. Figure 3 shows that with as little optical fanout as a fanout of four, the break-even load at which for the same supply voltage the latency is equivalent in both systems is as little as 250 minimum sized inverters, independent of process. Not only is this more than an order of magnitude less than what is typical in a DRAM or clock distribution line, but in a 0.25 um process, shown in figure 3, the minimum distance that this corresponds to is 1.25mm, much less than the previous results for point to point interconnect [2]. This is a very exciting result in that it shows conclusively that even at distances as short as 2mm, there are performance advantages to using optical interconnect in various CMOS system architectures!
X-ray noninterferometric phase imaging: a unified picture (2007)

A unified theory of noninterferometric phase recovery based on the so-called ambiguity function is introduced. The theory is used to analyze previously published techniques and unify them with the methods of phase-space tomography applicable to partially coherent data. The theory is then used to propose some new approaches to noninterferometric phase recovery.
Models in Conflict – Detection of Semantic Conflicts in Model-based Development (2007)

To make the model-driven paradigm a widespread success, appropriate tools such as version control systems (VCS) are required to adequately support a model-based development process. However, first approaches specializing on model-based versioning, do not take into account the semantics of the artefacts they operate upon. Thus, conflict detection mechanisms are based on detecting conflicting concurrent modifications on a software artefacts syntactic representation, only, without explicitly considering the semantics the artefact stands for. As opposed to a heavyweight approach relying on formal mathematics, we follow a lightweight approach that is based on creating views of a model that explicate a certain aspect of a modeling language’s semantics. Such a view is created through a model transformation from the original model edited by the developers. Using both the original model and the created view our approach relies on graph-based comparison strategies to detect conflicts due to concurrent editing to determine socalled syntactic and semantic conflicts, respectively. Consequently, by means of various example scenarios, we demonstrate how our approach is able detect conflicts that otherwise would remain undetected.
Immunoassays (Protein-Based Methods) (2019)

The key components of immunoassay are an antibody, antigen, sensitivity, and specificity. The immunoassay includes dipstick strip assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immuno-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and dot immuno-binding assay. Immunoassays provide robust, specific, and cost-effective qualitative and quantitative results. Immunoassays are frequently being used for the detection of genetic modification content in leaf, seed, and their food and feed produces. The specificity and sensitivity are important characteristics of the immunoassay, which depends on the quality of antibody and should be analyzed properly before developing protein-based test kit. The ELISA technique has been widely applied for evaluating, at the experimental stage, the expression level of the novel protein synthesized by the inserted transgene. The dipstick provides a qualitative test or semiquantitative test for Genetically modified organisms. Developments in the dipstick are mainly focused on multianalyte analysis, improvement in sensitivity of detection, and quantitative output.
Security Vulnerability of ID-Based Key Sharing Schemes (2009)

Recently, several ID-based key sharing schemes have been proposed, where an initiation phase generates users' secret key associated with identities under the hardness of integer factorization. In this letter, we show that, unfortunately any key sharing scheme with this initiation phase is intrinsically insecure in the sense that the collusion of some users enables them to derive master private keys and hence, generating any user's secret key.
<title>Microchannel Plate Response To Hard X-Rays</title> (1977)

We have measured both the current response and the pulse response of a microchannel plate, MCP, to X-rays incident at an angle of 45° in the energy range of 8 to 100 keV. The X-ray detection efficiency, pulse height distributions, and sensitive depth of the MCP were determined from these data. We find that detection efficiency extrapolates to zero below 8 keV, and ranges between values of 1% and 2.6% above this energy, much higher than anticipated from previous measurements for oblique incidence below 6 keV. When compared to previous measurements at higher energies, we conclude that MCP's have a relatively constant detection efficiency in the energy range 10 to 600 keV, which is a rather unique property as compared to other X-ray detectors. We find that the shape of current response curves differs somewhat from the shape of efficiency curves, that pulse height distributions are proportional to pulse height to the -1.1 to -1.6 power, and that 90% of the current ori-ginates in the first 25 to 30% of the MCP thickness.
Summary of the AMSC mobile telephone system (1994)

This paper provides a summary of American Mobile Satellite Corporation's (AMSC) advanced mobile satellite based communications service for North America. This system will provide voice, data, and facsimile communications to or between land mobile, maritime, airborne, or fixed location (transportable) users. The system operation is facilitated by a new high-power geostationary satellite. Commercial service is scheduled to begin in 1994. The system logical architecture is described. The architecture includes the functional elements of the satellite and the ground network consisting of: the Network Management System (NMS), the Network Operations Center (NOC), the Network Communications Controller (NCC), The Feederlink Earth Station (FES), the Mobile Terminal (MT), and an optional Data Hub (DH). Special features of the system are described including: the voice calling features; interoperability with the public, private, and cellular telephone networks; and system performance and capacity. The system design architecture is described showing the implementation of the Communications Ground Segment (CGS) and the interfaces to external organizations including: the similar Canadian system of TMI Communications (TMI), the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite (Route) Service (AMS(R)S), and connectivity with public and private terrestrial networks. lnteroperability with the cellular telephone networks within the U. S. is discussed, and includes implementation of: extended call delivery, roaming call origination, and cellular to satellite live call handoff.
The effect of MOS Channel length on the performance of insulated gate transistors (1985)

The effect of MOS channel length on n-channel 600-V insulated gate transistors (IGT's) is evaluated. When the channel length was decreased from 1.9 to 0.8 µm, a doubling of the forward conduction current was measured at a forward drop of 2 V for IGT's with a turn-off time of 2 µs. Also, a better forward drop versus turnoff time tradeoff were observed. However, a 25-50-percent decrease in latching current was measured for the short-channel devices under dynamic switching conditions at 150°C.
Affect Theory and Breast Cancer Memoirs: Rescripting Fears of Death and Dying in the Anthropocene (2021)

Re-evaluating dominant cultural narratives around dying and death is central to new critiques of individualism and human exceptionalism. As conceptual tools for theorizing the end of the individual proliferate, the affective dimensions of this project are often overlooked, especially as they pertain to individual subjects. In contrast, a significant number of iconic queer and feminist thinkers have suffered breast cancer and written memoirs representing the subjective experience of confronting mortality. This article identifies the affective orientations towards one’s own mortality as missing from queer and feminist thinking on embodiment in the Anthropocene. As a remedy, the article reads several iconic feminist breast cancer memoirs – Sontag, Lorde, Sedgwick, Jain and Boyer – for their complex representations of affect, in particular fear, in relation to dying and death. Using the affect theory of Silvan Tomkins, this analysis contributes to critiques of cancer culture in medical humanities and of mortality and embodiment in feminist environmental humanities.
A Sophisticated Manipulation Aid in a Virtual Environment using Dynamic Constraints among Object Faces (1998)

A natural and intuitive method is proposed to help a user manipulate an object in a virtual environment. The method does not need to assign special properties to the object faces in advance and does not require special hardware. Instead, it uses only the visual constraints of motion among object faces that are dynamically selected by a real-time collision detection method while the user manipulates the object. By constraining more than two faces during the user's manipulation, the proposed method provides an efficient tool for complicated manipulation tasks. First, the method of manipulation aid is described. Then several experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, particularly when the user is requested to precisely place a virtual object in a certain location. Finally, as an application of the proposed manipulation aid, an experiment is conducted to compare the performances of a task (constructing a simple toy) in a real versus a virtual environment. Results show that the distance accuracy and completion time of the virtual task with the manipulation aid is close to that of the real task.
Genetic polymorphism of CCR5 gene and HIV disease: The heterozygous (CCR5/Δccr5) genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against disease progression (1997)

Homozygous (delta ccr5/delta ccr5) and heterozygous (CCR5/delta ccr5) deletions in the beta-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, which encodes for the major co-receptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1 entry, have been implicated in resistance to HIV infection and in protection against disease progression, respectively. The CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype was found more frequently in long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) (31.0%) than in progressors (10.6%, p < 0.0001), in agreement with previous studies. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that a slower progression of disease, i.e. higher proportion of subjects with CD4+ T cell counts > 500/microl (p = 0.0006) and a trend toward a slower progression to AIDS (p = 0.077), was associated with the CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype. However, when LTNP were analyzed separately, no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.12) and viremia levels (p = 0.65) were observed between the wild-type (69% of LTNP) and the heterozygous (31.0%) genotypes. Therefore, there are other factors which play a major role in determining the status of nonprogression in the majority of LTNP. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype was associated with different rates of disease progression in the group of progressors. Taken together, these results indicate that the CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against the progression of HIV disease.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT, FREE SURFACE PROBLEMS IN POROUS MEDIA (1996)

The focus of this paper is the development of numerical schemes for tracking the moving fluid surface during the filling of a porous medium (e.g., polymer injection into a porous mold cavity). Performing a mass balance calculation on an arbitrarily deforming control volume, leads to a general governing filling equation. From this equation, a general, fully time implicit, numerical scheme based on a finite volume space discretization is derived. Two numerical schemes are developed: (1) a fully deforming grid scheme, which explicitly tracks the location of the filling front, and (2) a fixed grid scheme, that employs an auxiliary variable to locate the front. The validity of the two schemes is demonstrated by solving a variety of one- and two-dimensional problems; both approaches provide predictions with similar accuracy and agree well with available analytical solutions.
Attachment Site Selection and Identity in Bxb1 Serine Integrase-Mediated Site-Specific Recombination (2013)

Phage-encoded serine integrases mediate directionally regulated site-specific recombination between short attP and attB DNA sites without host factor requirements. These features make them attractive for genome engineering and synthetic genetics, although the basis for DNA site selection is poorly understood. Here we show that attP selection is determined through multiple proofreading steps that reject non-attP substrates, and that discrimination of attP and attB involves two critical site features: the outermost 5-6 base pairs of attP that are required for Int binding and recombination but antagonize attB function, and the "discriminators" at positions -15/+15 that determine attB identity but also antagonize attP function. Thus, although the attachment sites differ in length and sequence, only two base changes are needed to convert attP to attL, and just two more from attL to attB. The opposing effect of site identifiers ensures that site schizophrenia with dual identities does not occur.
A simple guide for rotational alignment of the tibial component in knee arthroplasty (1991)

A guide system was designed for use in conjunction with knee arthroplasty instruments. A pin is guided into the upper tibial cortex parallel to the sagittal axis of the femoral component with the patella in its normal position and the knee at 20 degrees of flexion. The holes and/or slots for the tibial component using the appropriate drill guide can now be made, with the patella displaced totally for exposure of the cut tibial surface, to allow correct rotational alignment of the prosthesis in the tibia.
A Study on Moisture Transport of Artificial Lightweight Concrete (2009)

For the first step on the quantitative evaluation of shrinkage reduction and differential shrinkage analysis of lightweight aggregate concrete, this study sets the moisture transport model of concrete by pre-absorbed water of porous lightweight aggregates and measured effective moisture diffusion coefficient, moisture capacity, degree of humidity supply and degree of humidity consumption by water binder ratio and aggregate type. The effective moisture diffusion coefficient in steady state caused by humidity difference between inside and outside of concrete had low value as low water-binder ratio. And in case of same water-binder ratio, effective moisture diffusion of mixtures used normal aggregates were lower than those used lightweight aggregates. To determine moisture store capability of concrete - moisture capacity, moisture contents were measured in 9 humidity conditions. As a result moisture contents of mixtures used lightweight aggregates was higher than mixtures used normal aggregates in all humidity conditions. This study measured lightweight aggregates' degree of humidity supply that applicable to normal atmospheric environment (above RH 50%) and made it quantitatively. Also amount of moisture release was set as a exponential function that represents a clear trend proportion to time and inverse proportion to humidity of the surroundings. As the result of measurement about degree of moisture consumption inside concrete following the internal consumption caused by cement hydration self-drying, it was showed that rapid decrease of humidity, around 10%, at early ages (7~10 days) when water-binder ratio is 0.3 and slow decrease around 5% and 1% when water-binder ratio is 0.4 and 0.5.