gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A in Health and Disease (1994)

Introduction Overview of Vitamin A Metabolism and Function Metabolism of Vitamin A Absorption of Vitamin A Role of Perisinusoidal Stellate Cells in Vitamin A Storage The Retinol-Binding Protein Superfamily Dynamic and Control of Plasma Retinol Retinoic Acid Homeostasis: Prospective Roles of b-Carotene, Retinol, CRBP, and CRABP Mechanism of Action of Vitamin A and Carotenoids Role of Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptors in the Regulation of Gene Expression The Retinoid X Receptors: Modulators of Multiple Hormonal Signaling Pathways Retinoylation of Proteins in Mammalian Cells Role of Carotenoids in Antioxidant Defense Embryonic Development Role of Retinoids in Embryonic Development Vitamin A in Lung Development and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Are Ethanol-Induced Birth Defects Caused by Functional Retinoic Acid Deficiency? Skin and Epithelial Cells Role of Retinoids in Normal and Diseased Skin Regulation of Epithelial Differentiation by Retinoids Blood Cells Role of Retinoids in Normal Hematopoiesis and the Immune System Retinoids and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Vision Retinoid Isomerization Reactions in the Visual System Reproduction Vitamin A Functions in the Reproductive Organs Intake and Cancer Incidence Vitamin A and Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence in Humans Deficiency and Toxicity Vitamin A Deficiency: Its Epidemiology and Relation to Child Mortality and Morbidity Teratogenicity of Vitamin A and Retinoids Requirements Dietary Vitamin A Requirements
Calculated equilibrium yields of carbon (C60) from hydrocarbon pyrolysis and combustion (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalculated equilibrium yields of carbon (C60) from hydrocarbon pyrolysis and combustionJ. Thomas McKinnonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 22, 8941–8944Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100175a094https://doi.org/10.1021/j100175a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hydrogenation in supercritical 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) (2005)

Conventional, unmodified, transition metal catalysts, substrates and reagents have sufficient solubility in sc HFC134a for organic synthesis. Reactivities (100% conversion in 2 h) and enantioselectivities (ca. 90%), comparable to those achievable in conventional organic solvents, are obtained in the asymmetric hydrogenation of a series of substrates in this alternative reaction medium using a rhodium(I)/MonoPhos catalyst.
Adsorption of <i>p</i>-Xylene/<i>m</i>-Xylene Gas Mixtures on BaY and NaY Zeolites. Coadsorption Equilibria and Selectivities (1997)

Coadsorption of the gases p-xylene and m-xylene on BaY and NaY was studied at 150 °C in the range of pressure 10-2-3 hPa. For BaY coadsorption isotherms and single-component adsorption isotherms are perfectly superimposed in the whole range of investigated pressure. The capacity of adsorption of BaY is 3 molecules α-1 for each single component as well as for each mixture under 3 hPa. For NaY coadsorption isotherms lie between those of single p-xylene and m-xylene. The capacity of adsorption of NaY for mixtures is in proportion to the composition of the initial adsorptive mixture and varies from the capacity of adsorption for single p-xylene (3.3 molecules α-1) to that for single m-xylene (3.6 molecules α-1) under 3 hPa. The selectivity of the Y zeolite depends on the filling, the composition of the mixture, and the exchangeable cation. Two selective adsorption processes are discerned according to the filling of α-cages. For filling lower than 2 molecules α-1, BaY and NaY exhibit the same behavior toward the coadsorption of p-xylene and m-xylene and adsorb preferentially the more abundant isomer in initial adsorptive mixture: the selectivity depends only on the composition of the mixture. For filling higher than 2 molecules α-1 as the last molecules of xylenes are adsorbed in the α-cages, BaY is selective for p-xylene whereas NaY is selective for m-xylene whatever the composition of the adsorptive mixture: the selectivity depends on the exchangeable cation. The dependence of the composition of adsorbate on the selectivity shows a nonideal behavior of the adsorbate.
Architectural design through bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (2014)

This article aims to reveal the power of modern structural topology optimization technology for architectural design.Structural topology optimization determines the best locations and shapes of cavities in the design domain;it is therefore capable of effectively generating both structurally efficient and architecturally innovative conceptual design.The Evolutionary Structural Optimization(ESO) method is one of the most popular topology optimization methods developed in the past three decades.Due to its simplicity in software implementation and effectiveness,ESO has been applied to solve a wide range of structural design problems.The latest version-the Bi-directional ESO(BESO) has reached a level of maturity with advanced robustness and accuracy;applications of this technique have emerged around the world especially in the past decade.Through a series of examples,the article demonstrates the capability of BESO as a digital design tool for finding aesthetically pleasing yet structurally efficient forms.
Comparison of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of 1-beta-D-arabino-furanosyl-5-iodocytosine with related compounds. (1970)

1-β-D-Arabinofuranosyl-5-iodocytosine (ara-IC) inhibits the multiplication of several DNA-containing viruses in primary rabbit kidney cell culture. In studies comparing the antiviral activity of ara-IC to other nucleoside analogs, it was found that ara-IC was as inhibitory as 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUDR) for herpes virus multiplication. Vaccinia virus yields were reduced by ara-IC and 5-iodo-2′-deoxycytidine (ICDR) to nearly the same extent, whereas ICDR was somewhat more inhibitory than ara-IC for pseudorabies. IUDR was more active than either ara-IC or ICDR for both vaccinia and pseudorabies viruses. Both ara-IC and ICDR were more active than IUDR or 1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodouracil (ara-IU), for herpes virus which was resistant to IUDR. The antiherpes activity of ara-IC was partially blocked by deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine and thymidine, ara-IC was more cytotoxic for ML cells growing in culture than ara-C, ara-IU, IUDR, and ICDR. The cytotoxicity of ara-IC for primary rabbit kidney cultures could be blocked only by deoxycytidine; deoxyuridine and thymidine were ineffective blocking agents. These data suggest that ara-IC has a unique activity and that the toxic effects observed with uninfected cells are different from those observed with cells infected with herpes virus.
Estimating vegetation and surface topographic parameters from multibase radar radar interferometry (2002)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) data are sensitive to characteristics of the vertical distribution of vegetation and the underlying surface topography, both of which are of critical importance in successional ecological modeling and hydrology. However, even with the simplest scattering model, the number of parameters describing the vegetation and surface topography needed to characterize the INSAR response exceeds the number of independent INSAR observations. Introducing INSAR measurements across two baselines extends the observation set and potentially enables the estimation of all the parameters in a homogeneous-layer scattering model described in this article. The baseline lengths and INSAR accuracies needed for multibaseline INSAR parameter estimation are discussed. A demonstration of multibaseline INSAR with TOPSAR data over the BOREAS Southern Test Site yields estimates of the vegetation layer depths and extinction properties.
Industrial Development (1981)

Most of the development agencies considered earlier in this book take some part in industrial development, as the following list illustrates.
Classification of Substances Combining Standoff Laser Induced Fluorescence and Machine Learning (2018)

Contaminated objects and areas must be handled carefully depending on the underlying pollution. There are methods which require short distances, others the collection of samples or even direct contact to the hazardous, and some of the established techniques take long to reach a conclusion. A fast standoff method for predicting the potential hazard can be achieved by examining the laser induced fluorescence spectra of the substances of interest. The samples are excited by low-energy laser pulses of two alternating wavelengths. The datasets are measured for almost 50 agents, including fuels, pesticides and bacteria and represent the basis for a subsequent classification procedure. Therefore, the investigated materials are grouped in seven classes depending on their origin and utilization. The majority of the dataset is used in a training phase to create predictive models, which are tested with the remaining signals to qualify the classification. After all, the single spectra of the test set are classifed with an error rate less than 0.1 % in predicting the correct class. With a statement like this frst responders would be able to choose the right preventive measure for a rescue or decontamination procedure.
A specific marker gene analysis for expression of black-dotted nose in Hanwoo. (2014)

The RAPD-PCR method was used to screen the specific DNA markers for the black-dotted nose in Hanwoo. This study attempted to provide a tool to control the expression of the black-dotted nose in Hanwoo population in Korea. A total of 5 URP markers were used and analyzed the DNA variants among the 5 URP markers. A specific DNA marker was found in the URP 5 marker and named R5SNP. From the sequence analysis of R5SNP, 852 base sequences were detected. After compared with the registered DNA sequences in the data base, UMD 3.1 reference method used to check the homology of the base sequences between them and 99% of the sequence homology was detected. Also, a total of 11 SNPs variants found which were associated with the expression of the black-dotted nose. In our study, a specific segment of DNAs was found that was only in the black-dotted nose. This segment of DNAs was not associated with the normal yellow-coloured nose of Hanwoo. The R5SNP marker was found in this study could be used as an indicator for distinguishing Hanwoo and other foreign breeds and also for the early detection of the Black-dotted nose in Hanwoo.
Automatic seizure detection based on the combination of newborn multi-channel EEG and HRV information (2012)

This article proposes a new method for newborn seizure detection that uses information extracted from both multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and a single channel electrocardiogram (ECG). The aim of the study is to assess whether additional information extracted from ECG can improve the performance of seizure detectors based solely on EEG. Two different approaches were used to combine this extracted information. The first approach, known as feature fusion, involves combining features extracted from EEG and heart rate variability (HRV) into a single feature vector prior to feeding it to a classifier. The second approach, called classifier or decision fusion, is achieved by combining the independent decisions of the EEG and the HRV-based classifiers. Tested on recordings obtained from eight newborns with identified EEG seizures, the proposed neonatal seizure detection algorithms achieved 95.20% sensitivity and 88.60% specificity for the feature fusion case and 95.20% sensitivity and 94.30% specificity for the classifier fusion case. These results are considerably better than those involving classifiers using EEG only (80.90%, 86.50%) or HRV only (85.70%, 84.60%).
Histone Deacetylase 6 Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2005)

Efficient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection depends on multiple interactions between the viral gp41/gp120 envelope (Env) proteins and cell surface receptors. However, cytoskeleton-associated proteins that modify membrane dynamics may also regulate the formation of the HIV-mediated fusion pore and hence viral infection. Because the effects of HDAC6-tubulin deacetylase on cortical alpha-tubulin regulate cell migration and immune synapse organization, we explored the possible role of HDAC6 in HIV-1-envelope-mediated cell fusion and infection. The binding of the gp120 protein to CD4+-permissive cells increased the level of acetylated alpha-tubulin in a CD4-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of active HDAC6 inhibited the acetylation of alpha-tubulin, and remarkably, prevented HIV-1 envelope-dependent cell fusion and infection without affecting the expression and codistribution of HIV-1 receptors. In contrast, knockdown of HDAC6 expression or inhibition of its tubulin deacetylase activity strongly enhanced HIV-1 infection and syncytia formation. These results demonstrate that HDAC6 plays a significant role in regulating HIV-1 infection and Env-mediated syncytia formation.
Commonality and Genetic Algorithms (1996)

this paper was sponsored in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency and Rome Laboratory, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number F30602-95-1-0018 and the CMU Robotics Institute. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Advanced Research Projects Agency and Rome Laboratory or the U.S. Government. Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Traditional Crossover Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. The Commonality-Based Crossover Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4. Sequence-based Crossover Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5. Maximum Partial Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. Experimental Results for MPO/AI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Transposition of ampicillin resistance to an enterotoxin plasmid in an Escherichia coli strain of human origin (1979)

We examined a strain of Escherichia coli, serotype O159.H34, of human origin which produced heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins, was resistant to ampicillin, and produced colicin. By conjugation and transformation experiments plasmids coding for enterotoxin production (Ent), enterotoxin production and ampicillin resistance (Ap-Ent), ampicillin resistance (Ap), and colicin production were isolated. Both the Ent and Ap-Ent plasmids were autotransferring and belonged to the F-incompatibility complex. However, the Apr Ent+ transconjugants showed differences in their levels of resistance and in their abilities to propagate F-specific phages and to transfer resistance. The results suggested there was transposition from the small Ap plasmid to the Ent plasmid. The Ap-Ent plasmids were larger than the enterotoxin factor and when treated with restriction endonuclease BamHI showed an additional fragment not present in the enterotoxin plasmid. The insertion of ampicillin resistance probably occurred at different sites on the enterotoxin plasmid, resulting in the observed variation in phenotype.
Shape-Based Image Retrieval Using a New Descriptor Based on the Radon and Wavelet Transforms (2010)

In this paper, the Radon transform is used to design a new descriptor called Phi-signature invariant to usual geometric transformations. Experiments show the effectiveness of the multilevel representation of the descriptor built from Phi-signature and R-signature, compared to the powerful generic Fourier descriptor.
Microelectromechanical strain and pressure sensors based on electric field aligned carbon cone and carbon black particles in a silicone elastomer matrix (2012)

Methods for developing microelectromechanical strain and pressure sensors based on aligned carbon particle strings within dielectric elastomer matrices are presented. Two different types of carbon particles were used: a mixture of carbon cone and carbon disk particles and spherical carbon black particles. The particles were assembled and aligned into strings by an alternating electric field with a strength of 4 kV/cm and a frequency of 1 kHz, utilizing the dielectrophoretic effect. The particle fraction was about 0.1 vol. %, which is an order of magnitude lower than their percolation threshold (∼2 vol. %). The aligned strings were produced in a couple of minutes. The matrices were subsequently cured thus stabilizing the strings. Micromechanical strain sensors with a capacitive readout were produced by aligning the particles into a single string-like formation in the in-plane direction, the string dimensions being 3 μm width and 30 μm length. The pressure sensors with piezoresistive readout were made by aligning the particles into multiple unidirectional strings in the out-of-plane direction, the thickness of the sensors being of the order of 100 μm and the lateral area of 1.5 cm2. The strain and the pressure sensors show reversible piezocapacitive and piezoresistance effects when stretched and compressed, respectively.
Oversampled Analog-to-Digital Conversion for Digital Audio Systems (1990)

It relies on the techniques of spectral noise shaping and oversampling. This encoding is based on higher order delta-sigma modulation and is referred to as HLDSM A/D conversion. A hardware version of this system was developed measuring 80-dB SQNR and 0.007% total harmonic distortion
The Application of Esophageal Pressure Measurement in Patients with Respiratory Failure (2014)

This report summarizes current physiological and technical knowledge on esophageal pressure (Pes) measurements in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The respiratory changes in Pes are representative of changes in pleural pressure. The difference between airway pressure (Paw) and Pes is a valid estimate of transpulmonary pressure. Pes helps determine what fraction of Paw is applied to overcome lung and chest wall elastance. Pes is usually measured via a catheter with an air-filled thin-walled latex balloon inserted nasally or orally. To validate Pes measurement, a dynamic occlusion test measures the ratio of change in Pes to change in Paw during inspiratory efforts against a closed airway. A ratio close to unity indicates that the system provides a valid measurement. Provided transpulmonary pressure is the lung-distending pressure, and that chest wall elastance may vary among individuals, a physiologically based ventilator strategy should take the transpulmonary pressure into account. For monitoring purposes, clinicians rely mostly on Paw and flow waveforms. However, these measurements may mask profound patient-ventilator asynchrony and do not allow respiratory muscle effort assessment. Pes also permits the measurement of transmural vascular pressures during both passive and active breathing. Pes measurements have enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute lung injury, patient-ventilator interaction, and weaning failure. The use of Pes for positive end-expiratory pressure titration may help improve oxygenation and compliance. Pes measurements make it feasible to individualize the level of muscle effort during mechanical ventilation and weaning. The time is now right to apply the knowledge obtained with Pes to improve the management of critically ill and ventilator-dependent patients.
Blood-retinal barrier breakdown in retinitis pigmentosa: light and electron microscopic immunolocalization. (1995)

Macular edema can contribute to visual loss in the retinitis pigmentosa (RP), but the sites and mechanism of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown leading to macular edema are not known. An understanding of the mechanisms involved could lead to the design of effective pharmacologic therapy to prevent or minimize macular edema in RP. To investigate this problem, immunohistochemical staining for albumin was performed on paraffin sections of 22 normal and 29 RP-affected eyes. Specimens were graded for extent of albumin extravasation in different regions of the retina, optic nerve head, ciliary body, and iris. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical staining for albumin was performed on an additional 6 normal and 9 RP-affected eyes. Two-thirds of the eyes from patients with RP and no other ocular disorders demonstrated extravascular albumin in the inner portion of the posterior retina. This was evident even in the absence of cystoid macular edema (CME), but eyes that had CME showed extensive BRB failure. In some cases, passage of albumin from the choroid to the retina was prevented even in the absence of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that albumin permeated retinal vascular endothelial cells and RPE cells that showed degenerative changes in RP.
A different view on what is known about breast screening and the canadian national breast screening study (1994)

Although many who are interested in breast screening will be familiar with the criticisms that have been launched at the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS),',' fewer will be aware of the frequently flawed nature of these criticisms. Whatever the truth proves to be, it is unquestionable that the controversy about the efficacy of screening women 40-49 years of age not only is alive and well, but also does not serve the best interests of women of any age. It is a public health catastrophe that young women fear the hazards of breast cancer more than the hazards of smoking, that they greatly overestimate their risk of getting breast cancer, and that older women who can benefit from screening are not receiving it, In this issue, Kopans et al. offer yet another article in support of screening for breast cancer in women younger than the age of 50. In contrast, others such as the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, recommend otherwise. The credibility of the evidence used to support either opinion is often influenced by what the reader wants to believe. It is important to recognize that everyone, regardless of how he or she evaluates existing evidence, wants to achieve reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer. No one is immune to the human suffering associated with the dis- ease. The publication of NBSS results in 1992 caused considerable controver~y.~-~ At a 7-year follow-up of women aged 40-49 years,' 25,214 who had received annual mammography and clinical examination of the breast displayed a statistically insignificant excess of