gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transactivation potential of the C‐terminus of human Nm23‐H1 (1998)

The transactivation potential of Nm23-H1, a homolog of c-myc transcription factor Nm23-H2/PuF was assessed in yeast as a fusion protein with the DNA binding domains (DBDs) of GAL4 and LexA. The C-terminal half of Nm23-H1 exhibited strong transactivation of the reporter genes, LacZ and Leu2 carrying GAL4 and LexA upstream activating sequences (UASs), whereas the full-length Nm23-H1 and its N-terminal did not. Similar results were also obtained with Nm23-H2/PuF transactivating the reporter genes only by the C-terminus fused to GAL4 and LexA DBDs. Hence, our results suggested a possible regulatory role of the N-termini of Nm23 isotypes upon transactivation.
Disruption of the <i>Candida albicans TPS2</i> Gene Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Decreases Infectivity without Affecting Hypha Formation (2002)

Deletion of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, encoded by TPS2, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in accumulation of trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) instead of trehalose under stress conditions. Since trehalose is an important stress protectant and Tre6P accumulation is toxic, we have investigated whether Tre6P phosphatase could be a useful target for antifungals in Candida albicans. We have cloned the C. albicans TPS2 (CaTPS2) gene and constructed heterozygous and homozygous deletion strains. As in S. cerevisiae, complete inactivation of Tre6P phosphatase in C. albicans results in 50-fold hyperaccumulation of Tre6P, thermosensitivity, and rapid death of the cells after a few hours at 44 degrees C. As opposed to inactivation of Tre6P synthase by deletion of CaTPS1, deletion of CaTPS2 does not affect hypha formation on a solid glucose-containing medium. In spite of this, virulence of the homozygous deletion mutant is strongly reduced in a mouse model of systemic infection. The pathogenicity of the heterozygous deletion mutant is similar to that of the wild-type strain. CaTPS2 is a new example of a gene not required for growth under standard conditions but required for pathogenicity in a host. Our results suggest that Tre6P phosphatase may serve as a potential target for antifungal drugs. Neither Tre6P phosphatase nor its substrate is present in mammals, and assay of the enzymes is simple and easily automated for high-throughput screening.
A SURVEY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES (1916)

A SURVEY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES Affiliation Franz Schneider, Jr. CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.6.1.1 Published Online: August 30, 2011
Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induced by Cytotoxic Chemicals (2000)

The purpose of this review article is to discuss established molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and their relevance to cell death induced by environmental toxicants. Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death distinguished by the activation of a family of cysteine-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. Abundant evidence supports a role for mitochondria in regulating apoptosis. Specifically, it seems that a number of death stimuli target these organelles and stimulate, by an unknown mechanism, the release of several proteins, including cytochrome c. Once released into the cytosol, cytochrome c binds to its adaptor molecule, Apaf-1, which oligomerizes and then activates pro-caspase-9. Caspase-9 can signal downstream and activate pro-caspase-3 and -7. The release of cytochrome c can be influenced by different Bcl-2 family member proteins, including, but not limited to, Bax, Bid, Bcl-2, and Bcl-X(L). Bax and Bid potentiate cytochrome c release, whereas Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) antagonize this event. Although toxicologists have traditionally associated cell death with necrosis, emerging evidence suggests that different types of environmental contaminants exert their toxicity, at least in part, by triggering apoptosis. The mechanism responsible for eliciting the pro-apoptotic effect of a given chemical is often unknown, although in many instances mitochondria appear to be key participants. This review describes our current understanding of the role of apoptosis in environmental toxicant-induced cell death, using dioxin, metals (cadmium and methylmercury), organotin compounds, dithiocarbamates, and benzene as specific examples. Finally, we conclude with a critical discussion of the current knowledge in this area and provide recommendations for future directions.
A 160 ns 54 bit CMOS division implementation using self-timing and symmetrically overlapped SRT stages (2002)

A full-custom VLSI chip demonstrates an arithmetic implementation for computing the mantissa of a 54-b (floating-point double-precision) division operation in 45 ns to 160 ns, depending on the data. The design uses self-timing to avoid the need to partition logic into clock cycles and the need for high-speed clocks. Self-timing allows the circuits to iterate with no overhead over the pure combinational logic delays. It also allows a greater-efficiency symmetric overlapped execution of the SRT stages because of dynamic path ordering. The design has several other performance enhancements, and their effects on the performance are discussed. The total effect of all the performance enhancements provides a factor of two increase in performance due to architectural improvements over a straightforward SRT approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Age‐Related Changes in MicroRNA Expression and Pharmacogenes in Human Liver (2015)

Developmental changes in the liver can significantly impact drug disposition. Due to the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of drug disposition gene expression, we studied age-dependent changes in miRNA expression. Expression of 533 miRNAs was measured in 90 human liver tissues (fetal, pediatric [1-17 years], and adult [28-80 years]; n = 30 each). In all, 114 miRNAs were upregulated and 72 were downregulated from fetal to pediatric, and 2 and 3, respectively, from pediatric to adult. Among the developmentally changing miRNAs, 99 miRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted or experimentally validated (e.g., hsa-miR-125b-5p-CYP1A1; hsa-miR-34a-5p-HNF4A). In human liver samples (n = 10 each), analyzed by RNA-sequencing, significant negative correlations were observed between the expression of >1,000 miRNAs and mRNAs of drug disposition and regulatory genes. Our data suggest a mechanism for the marked changes in hepatic gene expression between the fetal and pediatric developmental periods, and support a role for these age-dependent miRNAs in regulating drug disposition.
CFD Studies of Industrial Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffusers (2003)

CFD analysis of industrial gas turbine exhaust diffuser was carried out. Purposes of this study are improvement of the performance of exhaust diffuser in consideration of the distortion of the flow of the turbine exit, improvement of the diffuser performance in the big flow rate, and verification of CFD accuracy. To simulate the diffuser inlet distortion, CFD and experiment was carried out including last stator and rotor. Predicted turbine exit flow and diffuser pressure recovery is in reasonable good agreement with the measured data.
Synthesis of a GPI Anchor of Yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) (1994)

The highly convergent and versatile synthesis of the GPI anchor 1 is based on the assembly of four building blocks, which are obtained in high yields from readily accessible starting materials.
Probiotics for human health –new innovations and emerging trends (2012)

The role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease with a particular emphasis on therapeutic use of probiotics under specific medical conditions was mainly highlighted in 1st Annual conference of Probiotic Association of India (PAi) and International Symposium on "Probiotics for Human Health - New Innovations and Emerging Trends" held on 27th-28th August, 2012 at New Delhi, India. There is increasing recognition of the fact that dysbiosis or alteration of this gut microbiome may be implicated in gastro-intestinal disorders including diarrheal diseases, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, life style diseases viz. Diabetes Mellitus-2 and obesity etc. This report summarizes the proceedings of the conference and the symposium comprehensively. Although, research on probiotics has been continuing for the past few decades, the subject has been currently the major focus of attention across the world due to recent advances and new developments in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and emergence of new generation of high through put sequencing technologies that have immensely helped in understanding the probiotic functionality and mode of action from nutritional and health perspectives. There is now sufficient evidence backed up with good quality scientific clinical data to suggest that probiotic interventions could indeed be effective in various types of diarrheal diseases, other chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders like pouchitis, necrotizing entero-colitis, allergic responses and lactose intolerance etc. This report makes a modest attempt to give all the stake holders involved in development of probiotic based functional/health foods an overview of the current status of probiotics research at the Global and National level. The most crucial issues that emerged from the lead talks delivered by the eminent speakers from India and abroad were the major focus of discussions in different plenary and technical sessions. By discussing some of these issues from scientific perspectives, the conference could achieve its prime objective of disseminating the current knowledge on the prospects of probiotics as potential biotherapeutics in the management of human health and diseases.
PUFFER POISONING: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TREATMENT (2001)

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) intoxication resulting from the ingestion of toxic puffer is relatively common in a number of Asian countries. In Japan, 100 annual human fatality due to ingestion of toxic puffer have been reported until 1960. Poisoning incidents, however, decreased in the recent years by imposing quarantine rule and creating public awareness after extensive study of the toxicity and toxin properties of puffer. Generally, the oral paresthesia is the initial symptom of puffer poisoning. The onset of symptoms is rapid. In spite of long history of TTX intoxication, no antidotes or antitoxins to TTX is invented so far. Treatment is supportive.
Go-ICP: Solving 3D Registration Efficiently and Globally Optimally (2013)

Registration is a fundamental task in computer vision. The Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is one of the widely-used methods for solving the registration problem. Based on local iteration, ICP is however well-known to suffer from local minima. Its performance critically relies on the quality of initialization, and only local optimality is guaranteed. This paper provides the very first globally optimal solution to Euclidean registration of two 3D point sets or two 3D surfaces under the L2 error. Our method is built upon ICP, but combines it with a branch-and-bound (BnB) scheme which searches the 3D motion space SE(3) efficiently. By exploiting the special structure of the underlying geometry, we derive novel upper and lower bounds for the ICP error function. The integration of local ICP and global BnB enables the new method to run efficiently in practice, and its optimality is exactly guaranteed. We also discuss extensions, addressing the issue of outlier robustness.
Heterogeneity of Claudin Expression by Alveolar Epithelial Cells (2003)

Claudins are proteins that participate in epithelial barrier function and regulate paracellular permeability. By immunohistochemistry of adult rat lung sections, claudin-3, claudin-4, and claudin-5 were found to be co-expressed by type II alveolar epithelial cells. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 were also co-expressed by some alveolar epithelial cells adjacent to type II cells. In contrast, claudin-5 was expressed throughout the alveolus. Isolated primary rat alveolar epithelial cells in culture also expressed claudin-3, claudin-4, and claudin-5, but showed little claudin-1 and claudin-2 expression. Claudin expression by isolated cells at both the mRNA and protein level varied with time in culture. In particular, claudin-3 and claudin-5 co-localized and were distributed around the alveolar cell periphery, but claudin-4 expression was heterogeneous. We also found that paracellular permeability was increased when cultured alveolar epithelial cells were treated with a fatty acid amide, methanandamide. Methanandamide did not alter cell viability. Claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-5, occludin, and zona occludens 1 remained localized to cell-cell contact sites at the plasma membrane in methanandamide-treated cells, suggesting that plasma membrane localization of these junction proteins is not sufficient for maintaining barrier function. However, methanandamide-treated cells showed a 12-fold increase in claudin-5 expression and a 2- to 3-fold increase in claudin-3, consistent with the notion that specific changes in claudin expression levels may correlate with changes in alveolar epithelial barrier function.
Sol−Gel Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts (1996)

Sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared using a sol−gel method with zirconium n-propoxide as the alkoxide precursor and a water/alkoxide ratio of 40. The strength of the sulfuric acid solution used to activate the zirconia was found to be an important variable in the synthesis of the superacid catalyst. A maximum both in the BET surface area and in the activity observed in the isomerization of n-butane was observed when 0.5 N H2SO4 was used. Rehydration in air following calcination at 600 °C requires that excess moisture be removed prior to reaction. The deactivation rate of the sample could be reduced by introducing H2 into the feed. A TGA−mass spectroscopy study of the deactivated catalysts shows two SO2 desorption maxima at 600 and 900 °C. The SO2 desorption maximum at 600 °C is coincident with a CO2 maximum at the same temperature. These results are interpreted in terms of an organo−sulfur complex on the surface of the deactivated catalyst.
Smooth Task Migration in Apache Storm (2015)

Task migration happens when distributed data processing systems scale in real-time. To handle the task migration process more gracefully, we propose three task migration methods: (i) worker level migration, (ii) executor level migration, and (iii) executor level migration with reliable messaging. We implement our migration methods on Apache Storm. Our experiments show that, compared with Storm's original migration implementation, our methods significantly reduce the performance degradation and the number of task failures during each migration.
Inflammatory-Mediated Injury and Repair in the Traumatically Injured Spinal Cord (2005)

Spinal cord trauma activates the immune system and elicits leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury. This increase in immunological activity contributes to acute lesion expansion over a period of days to weeks following the initial trauma. At the same time, inflammatory cells and mediators facilitate endogenous repair processes such as axonal sprouting and remyelination. Thus, to be effective, therapies that target the immune system must limit the destructive effects of neutrophil, macrophage and lymphocyte activation, while simultaneously preserving their reparative functions.
Phone-mediated word alignment for speech recognition evaluation (1990)

The authors present an algorithm that produces a word-based alignment of two text strings by postprocessing the output of a phone-based alignment procedure. The alignment is performed using an unconstrained endpoint optimization, and minimizes the readjustment of word boundaries as determined by the phone-level alignment. Although the word-level recognition performance summaries were not strikingly different from those of similar word-based alignment procedures, the actual word alignments from the phone-mediated system were better. The present level of performance of the system has proved to be acceptable for a variety of applications, including evaluation of speech recognition system performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmented models for improving vision control of a mobile robot (1994)

This paper describes the modelling phases for the design of a path tracking vision controller for a three wheeled mobile robot. It is shown that, by including the dynamic characteristics of vision and encoder sensors and implementing the total system in one multivariable control loop, one can obtain good performance even when using standard low cost equipment and a comparatively low sampling rate. The plant model is a compound of kinematic, dynamic and sensor submodels, all integrated into a discrete state space representation. An intelligent strategy is applied for the vision sensor, including the start up, normal operation, exception handling and shut down phases. Laboratory experiments show the validity of the approach using standard Kalman filter/LQR control design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genome-wide expression screens indicate a global role for protein kinase CK2 in chromatin remodeling (2003)

Protein kinase CK2, a vital, pleiotropic and highly conserved serine/threonine phosphotransferase is involved in transcription-directed signaling, gene control and cell cycle regulation and is suspected to play a role in global processes. Searching for these global roles, we analyzed the involvement of CK2 in gene expression at cell cycle entry by using genome-wide screens. Comparing expression profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type strains with strains with regulatory or catalytic subunits of CK2 deleted, we found significant alterations in the expression of genes at all cell cycle phases and often in a subunit- and isoform-specific manner. Roughly a quarter of the genes known to be regulated by the cell cycle are affected. Functionally, the genes are involved with cell cycle entry, progression and exit, including spindle pole body formation and dynamics. Strikingly, most CK2-affected genes exhibit no common transcriptional control features, and a considerable proportion of temporarily altered genes encodes proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and modification, including chromatin assembly, (anti-)silencing and histone (de-)acetylation. In addition, various metabolic pathway and nutritional supply genes are affected. Our data are compatible with the idea that CK2 acts at different levels of cellular organization and that CK2 has a global role in transcription-related chromatin remodeling.
Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Technique of Surfaces Under Ambient Conditions (2010)

Direct detection of solid substances is an important yet challenging issue in analytical chemistry. Laser multiphoton ionization spectroscopy has been applied for the first time for direct analysis of solids under ambient conditions. In this method, a solid powder/film is placed on a conductive surface and is irradiated by a pulsed tunable laser while an electrical field of approximately 2 kV cm(-1) is applied across this conductive surface and another electrode. The resulting photoelectrons and negative ions are measured by recording the current as a function of wavelength to produce a multiphoton ionization spectrum that is characteristic of the surface. Results indicate rich spectral features that can be used for compound identification. The present sensitivity is in the low picomole range. This method has been successfully tested for direct detection of various organic molecules, including explosives, narcotic drugs, and polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Raffinose synthase and galactinol synthase in developing seeds and leaves of legumes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaffinose synthase and galactinol synthase in developing seeds and leaves of legumesEugenia M. Castillo, Benito O. De Lumen, Pilar S. Reyes, and Helen Z. De LumenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 2, 351–355Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
How Pleasant and Unpleasant Stimuli Combine in Different Brain Regions: Odor Mixtures (2007)

Many affective stimuli are hedonically complex mixtures containing both pleasant and unpleasant components. To investigate whether the brain represents the overall affective value of such complex stimuli, or the affective value of the different components simultaneously, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activations to a pleasant odor (jasmine), an unpleasant odor (indole), and a mixture of the two that was pleasant. In brain regions that represented the pleasantness of the odors such as the medial orbitofrontal cortex (as shown by activations that correlated with the pleasantness ratings), the mixture produced activations of similar magnitude to the pleasant jasmine, but very different from the unpleasant indole. These regions thus emphasize the pleasant aspects of the mixture. In contrast, in regions representing the unpleasantness of odors such as the dorsal anterior cingulate and midorbitofrontal cortex the mixture produced activations that were relatively further from the pleasant component jasmine and closer to the indole. These regions thus emphasize the unpleasant aspects of the mixture. Thus mixtures that are found pleasant can have components that are separately pleasant and unpleasant, and the brain can separately and simultaneously represent the positive and negative hedonic value of a complex affective stimulus that contains both pleasant and unpleasant olfactory components. This type of representation may be important for affective decision making in the brain in that separate representations of different affective components of the same sensory stimulus may provide the inputs for making a decision about whether to choose the stimulus or not.