gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a potent and selective inhibitor of the intermediate-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup>channel,<i>IKCa1</i>: A potential immunosuppressant (2000)

The antimycotic clotrimazole, a potent inhibitor of the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel, IKCa1, is in clinical trials for the treatment of sickle cell disease and diarrhea and is effective in ameliorating the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by clotrimazole limits its therapeutic value. We have used a rational design strategy to develop a clotrimazole analog that selectively inhibits IKCa1 without blocking cytochrome P450 enzymes. A screen of 83 triarylmethanes revealed the pharmacophore for channel block to be different from that required for cytochrome P450 inhibition. The "IKCa1-pharmacophore" consists of a (2-halogenophenyl)diphenylmethane moiety substituted by an unsubstituted polar pi-electron-rich heterocycle (pyrazole or tetrazole) or a -C≡N group, whereas cytochrome P450 inhibition absolutely requires the imidazole ring. A series of pyrazoles, acetonitriles, and tetrazoles were synthesized and found to selectively block IKCa1. TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole) inhibits the cloned and the native IKCa1 channel in human T lymphocytes with a K(d) of 20-25 nM and is 200- to 1,500-fold selective over other ion channels. Using TRAM-34, we show that blocking IKCa1 in human lymphocytes, in the absence of P450-inhibition, results in suppression of mitogen-stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation of preactivated lymphocytes with EC(50)-values of 100 nM-1 microM depending on the donor. Combinations of TRAM-34 and cyclosporin A are more effective in suppressing lymphocyte mitogenesis than either compound alone. Our studies suggest that TRAM-34 and related compounds may hold therapeutic promise as immunosuppressants.
Specifically Designed Total-Immersion Liquid-Gate Printers (1974)

Before describing the newest developments in this field, a short overview of the evolution of the liquid-gate technique since 1957 is given. For reasons briefly stated no specifically designed immersion-printing equipment existed until recently. Advantages and drawbacks of diverse liquid-gate printing techniques are discussed. General design conditions for total-immersion liquid-gate printers are enumerated. Specifically designed non-integrated CE printers are described in detail. It is shown that total-immersion liquid-gate printing can now be carried out easily as a normal routine operation in the three fundamental laboratory modes: continuous contact printing, step contact printing and optical printing. Equipment for these three purposes is now made available to the industry.
Pastoral Initiative: Why Wait for George/Georgia to Do It? (1983)

Illustrates the taking of pastoral initiative by detailing a referral resource project, a pastoral consultation arrangement, the use of written communications, and group consultation procedures.
Rural telecommunications development in Botswana: socio-economic & strategic issues (1990)

In 1989, a study was undertaken to plan the development of rural telecommunications in Botswana. The project examined the feasibility of a nationwide programme to bring telephone service to all Botswana villages with a population over 500. The study was funded by the African Development Bank, and was conducted on behalf of the Government of Botswana by CANAC Telecom and INTELECON Research & Consultancy Ltd. Assistance was provided by the Botswana Telecommunications Corporation (BTC). The paper deals with the financial, socio-economic and human resource aspects of the envisaged programme. The study also involved a substantial engineering component, including outline designs for serving all 200 villages. >
MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism augments thymic regulatory T-cell production and prevents relapse of EAE in mice (2015)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with demyelination, axon damage, and paralysis. Induction of mixed chimerism with allogeneic donors has been shown to not cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in animal models and humans. We have reported that induction of MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism can cure autoimmunity in autoimmune NOD mice, but this approach has not yet been tested in animal models of MS, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we report that MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism with C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) donor in SJL/J (H-2(s)) EAE recipients eliminates clinical symptoms and prevents relapse. This cure is demonstrated by not only disappearance of clinical signs but also reversal of autoimmunity; elimination of infiltrating T, B, and macrophage cells in the spinal cord; and regeneration of myelin sheath. The reversal of autoimmunity is associated with a marked reduction of autoreactivity of CD4(+) T cells and significant increase in the percentage of Foxp3(+) Treg among host-type CD4(+) T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. The latter is associated with a marked reduction of the percentage of host-type CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes and an increase of Treg percentage among the CD4(+)CD8(+) and CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes. Thymectomy leads to loss of prevention of EAE relapse by induction of mixed chimerism, although there is a dramatic expansion of host-type Treg cells in the lymph nodes. These results indicate that induction of MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism can restore thymic negative selection of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells, augment production of Foxp3(+) Treg, and cure EAE.
Standard versus Low-Dose Transdermal Nitroglycerin: Differential Effects on the Development of Tolerance and Abnormalities of Endothelial Function (2010)

We compared standard (0.6 mg/h) versus low-dose (0.05 mg/h) transdermal nitroglycerin (TGTN) on acute hemodynamic parameters, the development of tolerance, and endothelial function. Study 1 randomized six healthy volunteers to receive 0.6 mg/h or 0.05 mg/h TGTN in a crossover design study (6-day washout period) with measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, radial artery waveforms, and aortic augmentation index taken at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 hours after initial TGTN application. Study 2 enrolled 24 healthy volunteers to receive 400 μg of sublingual nitroglycerin spray followed by 400 μg of inhaled salbutamol 90 minutes later. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, radial artery waveforms as well as aortic augmentation index were taken at baseline and at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after each treatment. They were randomized to either 0.6 mg/h or 0.05 mg/h of TGTN, and the same measurements were repeated after 6 days. In Study 1, there was no significant difference in the response to both doses (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). In Study 2, the decrease in aortic augmentation index in response to sublingual nitroglycerin and salbutamol was attenuated after sustained therapy with 0.6 mg/h of TGTN (versus 0.05 mg/h, P < 0.05). This investigation documents that 0.05 mg/h TGTN has identical acute hemodynamic effects compared with 0.6-mg/h dose without causing tolerance or endothelial dysfunction.
Antibody to Coxsackie B virus in diagnosing postviral fatigue syndrome. (1991)

Serological tests available for detecting coxsackie B virus antibodies do not help diagnose the postviral fatigue syndrome. Percentage positive rates of the antibodies in patients simply reflect the background in the population as probably do the raised concentrations of total IgM and immune complexes.
The PDZ Domain Protein PICK1 and the Sodium Channel BNaC1 Interact and Localize at Mechanosensory Terminals of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Dendrites of Central Neurons (2002)

Members of the BNaC/ASIC family of ion channels have been implicated in mechanotransduction and nociception mediated by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. These ion channels are also expressed in the CNS. We identified the PDZ domain protein PICK1 as an interactor of BNaC1(ASIC2) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We show by two-hybrid assays, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, and coimmunoprecipitations that the BNaC1-PICK1 interaction is specific, and that coexpression of both proteins leads to their clustering in intracellular compartments. The interaction between BNaC1 and PICK1 requires the PDZ domain of PICK1 and the last four amino acids of BNaC1. BNaC1 is similar to two other BNaC/ASIC family members, BNaC2 (ASIC1) and ASIC4, at its extreme C terminus, and we show that PICK1 also interacts with BNaC2. We found that PICK1, like BNaC1 and BNaC2, is expressed by DRG neurons and, like the BNaC1alpha isoform, is present at their peripheral mechanosensory endings. Both PICK1 and BNaC1alpha are also coexpressed by some pyramidal neurons of the cortex, by pyramidal neurons of the CA3 region of hippocampus, and by cerebellar Purkinje neurons, localizing to their dendrites and cell bodies. Therefore, PICK1 interacts with BNaC/ASIC channels and may regulate their subcellular distribution or function in both peripheral and central neurons.
Mitochondrial induced T cell apoptosis and aberrant myeloid metabolic programs define distinct immune cell subsets during acute and recovered SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)

It remains unclear why some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 readily resolve infection while others develop severe disease. To address this question, we employed a novel assay to interrogate immune-metabolic programs of T cells and myeloid cells in severe and recovered COVID-19 patients. Using this approach, we identified a unique population of T cells expressing high H3K27me3 and the mitochondrial membrane protein voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which were expanded in acutely ill COVID-19 patients and distinct from T cells found in patients infected with hepatitis c or influenza and in recovered COVID-19. Increased VDAC was associated with gene programs linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. High-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy imaging of the cells revealed dysmorphic mitochondria and release of cytochrome <i>c</i> into the cytoplasm, indicative of apoptosis activation. The percentage of these cells was markedly increased in elderly patients and correlated with lymphopenia. Importantly, T cell apoptosis could be inhibited <i>in vitro</i> by targeting the oligomerization of VDAC or blocking caspase activity. In addition to these T cell findings, we also observed a robust population of Hexokinase II<sup>+</sup> polymorphonuclear-myeloid derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC), exclusively found in the acutely ill COVID-19 patients and not the other viral diseases. Finally, we revealed a unique population of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) expressing high levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) and VDAC. The metabolic phenotype of these cells was not only highly specific to COVID-19 patients but the presence of these cells was able to distinguish severe from mild disease. Overall, the identification of these novel metabolic phenotypes not only provides insight into the dysfunctional immune response in acutely ill COVID-19 patients but also provide a means to predict and track disease severity as well as an opportunity to design and evaluate novel metabolic therapeutic regimens.
Electric field-induced carbon nanotube junction formation (2001)

We present experimental evidence of nanojunction structures explicitly observed after application of high electric fields on multiwall carbon nanotube arrays. The electric field as well as thermal effects result in carbon–carbon bond breaking and redeposition leading to nanojunction formation. The growth mechanism of the nanojunction is believed to be open-ended topological defect growth in which carbon atoms at two adjacent nanotube tips chemically react and fuse forming an array of nanojunctions.
<i>c-myc</i>protein can be substituted for SV40 T antigen in SV40 DNA replication (1987)

Replicating activity of SV40 origin-containing plasmid was tested in human cells as well as in monkey CosI cells. All the plasmids possessing SV40 ori sequences could replicate, even in the absence of SV40 T antigen, in human HL-60 and Raji cells which are expressing c-myc gene at high level. The copy numbers of the replicated plasmids in these human cells were 1/100 as high as in monkey CosI cells which express SV40 T antigen constitutively. Exactly the same plasmids as the transfected original ones were recovered from the Hirt supernatant of the transfected HL-60 cells. Furthermore, replication of the SV40 ori-containing plasmids in HL-60 cells was inhibited by anti-c-myc antibody co-transfected into the cells. These results indicate that the c-myc protein can be substituted for SV40 T antigen in SV40 DNA replication.
Percutaneous Biopsy of the Iliac Crest (1977)

By use of a percutaneous trephine, a relatively large (7.5-mm diameter), full-thickness bone sample can be obtained from the iliac crest under local anesthesia. Such a specimen can be used for histologic evaluation as well as small-volume, bone-grafting procedures. Patient acceptance has been excellent.
Modified Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient for Korean Children's Speech Recognition (2013)

본 논문에서는 한국어에서 유아 대상의 음성인식 향상을 위한 새로운 특징추출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 특징추출 알고리즘은 세 가지 방법을 통합한 기법이다. 첫째 성도의 길이가 성인에 비해 짧은 유아의 음향적 특징을 보완하기 위한 방법으로 성도정규화 방법을 사용한다. 둘째 성인의 음성과 비교했을 때 높은 스펙트럼 영역에 집중되어 있는 유아의 음향적 특징을 보완하기 위해 균일한 대역폭을 사용하는 방법이다. 마지막으로 실시간 환경에서의 잡음에 강건한 음성인식기 개발을 위해 스무딩 필터를 사용하여 보완하는 방법이다. 세 가지 방법을 통해 제안하는 특징추출 기법은 실험을 통해 유아의 음성인식 성능 향상에 도움을 준다는 것을 확인했다. This paper proposes a new feature extraction algorithm to improve children's speech recognition in Korean. The proposed feature extraction algorithm combines three methods. The first method is on the vocal tract length normalization to compensate acoustic features because the vocal tract length in children is shorter than in adults. The second method is to use the uniform bandwidth because children's voice is centered on high spectral regions. Finally, the proposed algorithm uses a smoothing filter for a robust speech recognizer in real environments. This paper shows the new feature extraction algorithm improves the children's speech recognition performance.
Practical Synthesis of Sultams via Sulfonamide Dianion Alkylation:  Application to the Synthesis of Chiral Sultams (2003)

[reaction: see text]. A practical synthesis of sultams was developed via intramolecular sulfonamide dianion alkylation. This method has been applied toward the synthesis of chiral sultams, which are synthetically valuable as chiral auxiliaries.
Some results on yield and local design rule relaxation (2002)

The authors study the influence of the line separation in a bus structure on a circuit cost. This structure was selected because it is easy to analyze and yet widely used. Using an analytical model, It is shown that an optimal design rule exists and how the gains obtained by using this optimal design rule depend on the bus length, the defect size distribution exponent and the clustering parameter. Some of the conclusions apply more generally to the problem of realizing design rules in an integrated circuit.
Microwave and millimeter-wave QWITT diode oscillators (1989)

The authors present DC, microwave, and millimeter-wave characteristics of different quantum-well-injection transit-time (QWITT) devices. Small-signal and large-signal device models are used to provide physical design parameters to maximize the output power density at any desired frequency of operation. A peak output power density of 3.5-5 kW/cm/sup 2/ in the frequency range 5-8 GHz has been obtained from a planar QWITT oscillator. This appears to be the highest output power density obtained from any quantum-well oscillator at any frequency. This result also represents the first planar circuit implementation of a quantum-well oscillator. Good qualitative agreement between DC and RF characteristics of QWITT devices and theoretical predictions based on small-signal and large-signal analyses is achieved. The device efficiency has been increased from 3% to 5% by optimizing the design of the drift region in the device through the use of a doping spike with optimized concentration, without compromising the output power at X-band. Self-oscillating QWITT diode mixers are also demonstrated at X-band in both waveguide and planar circuits. The self-oscillating mixer exhibits a conversion gain of about 10 dB in a narrow bandwidth and a conversion loss of about 5 dB if broadband operation is desired.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Image-space decomposition algorithms for sort-first parallel volume rendering of unstructured grids (1997)

Ankara : Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 1997.
An automatic frequency calibration technique for fractional-N frequency synthesizers (2010)

This paper proposes a novel automatic frequency calibration technique that can be used for fractional frequency synthesis and compatible with different reference frequencies from 8 to 40 MHz. The proposed technique has been realized in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer for digital TV RF tuners. The measurement shows this technique ensures the synthesizer to lock at the linear range of the charge pump. This work is implemented in 65nm CMOS process. The power dissipation is 26.7 mA from a 1.2-V supply voltage. The integrated noise is less than 0.9° across the frequencies from 2680 to 4020 MHz.
Synthesis of sequential polypeptides containing <scp>L</scp>‐β‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐α‐alanine (DOPA) and <scp>L</scp>‐lysine (1982)

Abstract Six different sequential polypeptides with the repeating units L ‐lysyl‐ L ‐DOPA, L ‐DOPA‐ L ‐lysine, L ‐lysyl‐ L ‐lysyl‐ L ‐DOPA, L ‐DOPA‐ L ‐DOPA‐ L ‐lysine, L ‐lysyl‐ L ‐lysyl‐ L ‐lysyl‐ L ‐DOPA, and L ‐DOPA‐ L ‐DOPA‐ L ‐DOPA‐ L ‐lysine have been synthesized by solution polymerization of the p ‐nitrophyenyl esters of the corresponding di‐, tri‐, and tetrapeptides. The O , O ′‐dimethyl and N ‐ε‐2‐chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl groups were used to protect side chains of L ‐DOPA and L ‐lysine. The monomers for the polytripeptides and polytetrapeptides were prepared by stepwise elongation, using the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide coupling method. Moderately high molecular weight sequential polypeptides were obtained. The addition of 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole increased their molecular weights, but not so effectively. The protected groups of the side chains were removed simultaneously by use of boron tribromide in chloroform. Water‐soluble sequential polypeptides containing L ‐DOPA were obtained.
Electrochemical and Thermal Characterization of Battery Modules Commensurate with Electric Vehicle Integration (2002)

A relatively simple mathematical representation of a nickel metal hydride traction battery is developed and implemented. The approach is based in part on an equivalent circuit comprising a resistor element in series with a parallel resistor-capacitor combination. Additional features include self-discharge, current inefficiency, temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) dependencies, and mass-transport limitations. An energy balance is coupled to the electrochemical problem; the energy balance incorporates transient heat-transfer to the battery surroundings as well as reversible and irreversible heat generation. The high-frequency and pseudo-steady-state impedance exhibit an Arrhenius temperature dependence. All the model parameters are constants or are described by continuous functions of temperature and SOC. Calculated results from the coupled electrochemical and thermal model are compared with charge and discharge experiments conducted over the time scales and current magnitudes of interest for electric-vehicle applications. The paper closes with a brief summary and a discussion of open questions. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Mimosa Origami: A nanostructure-enabled directional self-organization regime of materials (2016)

One of the innate fundamentals of living systems is their ability to respond toward distinct stimuli by various self-organization behaviors. Despite extensive progress, the engineering of spontaneous motion in man-made inorganic materials still lacks the directionality and scale observed in nature. We report the directional self-organization of soft materials into three-dimensional geometries by the rapid propagation of a folding stimulus along a predetermined path. We engineer a unique Janus bilayer architecture with superior chemical and mechanical properties that enables the efficient transformation of surface energy into directional kinetic and elastic energies. This Janus bilayer can respond to pinpoint water stimuli by a rapid, several-centimeters-long self-assembly that is reminiscent of the <i>Mimosa pudica</i>'s leaflet folding. The Janus bilayers also shuttle water at flow rates up to two orders of magnitude higher than traditional wicking-based devices, reaching velocities of 8 cm/s and flow rates of 4.7 μl/s. This self-organization regime enables the ease of fabricating curved, bent, and split flexible channels with lengths greater than 10 cm, demonstrating immense potential for microfluidics, biosensors, and water purification applications.
1634: Quantitative Assessment of Citric Acid in Lemon Juice, Lime Juice, and Commercially Available Lemonade and Limeade Products: Implications for Dietary Stone Prevention (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 51, Tuesday, May 22, 2007, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 20071634: Quantitative Assessment of Citric Acid in Lemon Juice, Lime Juice, and Commercially Available Lemonade and Limeade Products: Implications for Dietary Stone Prevention Kristina L. Penniston, Stephen Y. Nakada, Ross P. Holmes, and Dean G. Assimos Kristina L. PennistonKristina L. Penniston More articles by this author , Stephen Y. NakadaStephen Y. Nakada More articles by this author , Ross P. HolmesRoss P. Holmes More articles by this author , and Dean G. AssimosDean G. Assimos More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)31822-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1634: Quantitative Assessment of Citric Acid in Lemon Juice, Lime Juice, and Commercially Available Lemonade and Limeade Products: Implications for Dietary Stone Prevention." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 542 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 542 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Kristina L. Penniston More articles by this author Stephen Y. Nakada More articles by this author Ross P. Holmes More articles by this author Dean G. Assimos More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Properties of Vacancies in Silicon Determined from Laser--Annealing Experiments (2002)

In a series of experiments, Chantre et al. measured vacancy‐phosphorus pairs after laser annealing of silicon samples. These experiments were reproduced by numerical simulations of the diffusion and recombination of vacancies and self‐interstitials and the interaction of vacancies with phosphorus atoms. The simulations lead to a range of possible values for the equilibrium concentration of vacancies.