gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of formulation parameters on dissolution rate enhancement of glyburide using liquisolid technique (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of liquisolid technique in improving the dissolution of glyburide in a solid dosage form. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different formulation variables, i.e. type of non-volatile liquid vehicles and drug concentrations, on drug dissolution rates. The liquisolid tablets were formulated with Propylene glycol, as liquid vehicle. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as a carrier material, silica as a coating material and croscaremellose as a disintegrant. In vitro drug dissolution profiles of the liquisolid formulations were studied and compared with direct compressed non-micronized and micronized tablets of glyburide using USP II, paddle apparatus at 50 rpm for 60 min using 900 ml of 0.05 M Phosphate Buffer, pH 7.5. The stability studies showed that the dissolution profiles of liquisolid tablets prepared with propylene glycol were not affected by ageing significantly, as f2 value found between aged and fresh samples was 51.92. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the drug has got solubilized in the liquid vehicle. This was further supported by the powder X-ray diffraction studies of pure drug and the liquisolid powder system. It can be concluded that it is possible to load poorly soluble drug into liquisolid tablets by addition of PVP to the liquid vehicle. This is valuable for the preparation of liquisolid tablets of poorly soluble drugs. The liquisolid tablets prepared with PVP showed a remarkably improved dissolution rate in comparison with DC tablet and other formulations.
Mode Normalization (2018)

Normalization methods are a central building block in the deep learning toolbox. They accelerate and stabilize training, while decreasing the dependence on manually tuned learning rate schedules. When learning from multi-modal distributions, the effectiveness of batch normalization (BN), arguably the most prominent normalization method, is reduced. As a remedy, we propose a more flexible approach: by extending the normalization to more than a single mean and variance, we detect modes of data on-the-fly, jointly normalizing samples that share common features. We demonstrate that our method outperforms BN and other widely used normalization techniques in several experiments, including single and multi-task datasets.
Parameter Estimation for Photographic Tone Reproduction (2002)

Abstract Tone reproduction algorithms attempt to compress a large range of pixel values into a smaller range that is suitable for display on devices with limited dynamic range. A recently proposed tone reproduction operator achieved this goal by emulating photographic practice. Like in photography, the manual tuning of a small set of intuitive parameters was required. In this paper we extend this photographic tone reproduction algorithm with an automatic method for estimating these parameters. The estimation process is also based on photographic practice. The resulting operator produces good images and does not require manual parameter tuning. Sample source code is available online.
Different metastatic phenotypes in two genetic classes of wheat germ agglutinin-resistant tumor cell mutants. (1986)

Spontaneous wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-resistant mutants of the highly metastatic tumor line MDAY-D2 have been grouped into two classes by (a) genetic complimentation in somatic cell hybrids, (b) lectin binding to plasma membrane glycoproteins, and (c) metastatic phenotypes. Class 1 mutants were recessive in somatic cell hybrids between mutant and wild type cells; they were poorly metastatic in an organ colonization assay and nonmetastatic in the spontaneous metastasis assay. The class 1 mutants had prematurely truncated asparagine-linked oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylglucosamine, rather than the sialylated N-acetyllactosamine found in wild type cells. The class 2 mutation was dominant in somatic cell hybrids between mutant and wild type cells. The cell lines retained the highly metastatic phenotype in both organ colonization and spontaneous metastasis assays. The plasma membrane glycoproteins of the class 2 mutants were similar to those of MDAY-D2 cells including the presence of sialylated polylactosamine-containing antennae in the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide. However, the cells synthesized N-glycolylneuraminic acid rather than the N-acetylneuraminic acid, a form of sialic acid that does not bind WGA. Previous studies by other investigators have shown that lectin-resistant mutants selected in WGA were often less metastatic than their respective wild type cell. Our results demonstrate that the loss of metastatic potential in WGA-resistant mutants of MDAY-D2 depends on the phenotypic class of the isolates and their characteristic changes in glycoconjugate structure.
Large scale model measurements of airframe noise using cross-correlation techniques (1982)

Cross-correlation techniques are used to measure the sound radiated by wing/flap airfoil configurations in the NASA–Ames 40- by 80- foot wind tunnel using a 6.7-m semispan model with three deployed flaps. The sound from the flap side edges exceeds other airframe noise sources by more than 10 dB, with the noise from the side edges of the leading flaps the strongest. The radiated sound is estimated using two formulas based on the standard aeroacoustic theory and one method using only the near and farfield cross correlation. The last method is essentially independent of such theory. The classic dipole angular distribution pattern is modified by wing diffraction effects to yield stronger radiation in the forward direction. The radiated intensity increases at slightly higher than the fifth power of the mean flow speed U0. The location of the flap track fairings is found to have a substantial effect on the radiated intensity: placing the fairings at or near the lateral edges of the flaps substantially reduces the radiated noise.
Structural classification of CDR‐H3 revisited: A lesson in antibody modeling (2008)

Among the six complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) in the variable domains of an antibody, the third CDR of the heavy chain (CDR-H3), which lies in the center of the antigen-binding site, plays a particularly important role in antigen recognition. CDR-H3 shows significant variability in its length, sequence, and structure. Although difficult, model building of this segment is the most critical step in antibody modeling. Since our first proposal of the "H3-rules," which classify CDR-H3 structure based on amino acid sequence, the number of experimentally determined antibody structures has increased. Here, we revise these H3-rules and propose an improved classification scheme for CDR-H3 structure modeling. In addition, we determine the common features of CDR-H3 in antibody drugs as well as discuss the concept of "antibody druggability," which can be applied as an indicator of antibody evaluation during drug discovery.
Several peripheral blood cells and the infection of sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2020)

Blood routine is a common laboratory index in clinic, and used as an auxiliary item for diagnosing many diseases. Currently, sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection has been a pandemic concern which severely threatens human health [1].
Protein interaction mapping: A<i>Drosophila</i>case study (2005)

The Drosophila (fruit fly) model system has been instrumental in our current understanding of human biology, development, and diseases. Here, we used a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H)-based technology to screen 102 bait proteins from Drosophila melanogaster, most of them orthologous to human cancer-related and/or signaling proteins, against high-complexity fly cDNA libraries. More than 2300 protein-protein interactions (PPI) were identified, of which 710 are of high confidence. The computation of a reliability score for each protein-protein interaction and the systematic identification of the interacting domain combined with a prediction of structural/functional motifs allow the elaboration of known complexes and the identification of new ones. The full data set can be visualized using a graphical Web interface, the PIMRider (http://pim.hybrigenics.com), and is also accessible in the PSI standard Molecular Interaction data format. Our fly Protein Interaction Map (PIM) is surprisingly different from the one recently proposed by Giot et al. with little overlap between the two data sets. Analysis of the differences in data sets and methods suggests alternative strategies to enhance the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the post-genomic generation of broad-scale protein interaction maps.
Functional activities of acidic isoferritins and lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo. (1984)

The functional activities of acidic isoferritins (AIF) and lactoferin (LF) were evaluated. The inhibitory activity of AIF (AIFIA) was inactivated by preincubation with a monoclonal antibody (2A4) against AIF, but AIFIA was not inactivated by another monoclonal antibody against AIF (1C5), by a monoclonal antibody (3A5) against basic isoferritins, or by a heteroantiserum (LFT) against basic isoferritins. Monoclonal 2A4 also inactivated the inhibitory activity against colony formation by granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells that was constitutively released by human monocytes or induced by human monocytes in the presence of OKT4+ lymphocytes. In addition to OKT4+ lymphocytes, the release of AIFIA from human monocytes was modulated by iron-saturated human LF and OKT8+ lymphocytes, both of which suppressed the release of AIFIA. Evidence for the physiologic relevance of AIF as a regulator of myelopoiesis was presented, in that human AIF suppressed the numbers of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM per femur and the cycling status of these cells in mice recovering from a sublethal dosage of Cytoxan. Abnormalities in LF and AIF interactions were found with cells from a pediatric patient with neutrophilia of unknown etiology that were consistent with the disease manifestations of neutrophilia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from the patient contained low levels (1%-10% of control) of immunologically reactive LF and the LF found was ineffective as a suppressor molecule for the release of GM-CSF from normal mononuclear blood cells. In addition, the patient's GM-CSF releasing mononuclear blood cells were insensitive to the suppressive effects of purified LF, and colony formation by the patient's CFU-GM, but not BFU-E or CFU-GEMM, were insensitive to the suppressive effects of purified AIF. When the activity of purified AIF was assessed against mouse bone marrow cells under serum-free conditions, it was apparent that serum was not needed for the suppressive activity of AIF and that in some cases, serum actually masked the effects of AIF. Human monoblast cell line U937 was found to be a good model in vitro for the actions of LF and AIF; U937 cells induced for Ia-antigens by human gamma interferon were separated into populations of Ia-antigen+ and Ia-antigen- cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and LF and AIF suppressed colony formation only by the Ia-antigen+ U937 cells. A comparative analysis of bovine and human LF against release of GM-CSF from human mononuclear cells demonstrated that both were active in their iron-saturated form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mild, Simple, and Efficient Method for <i>N</i> -Formylation of Secondary Amines via Reimer–Tiemann Reaction (2011)

Abstract A rapid and easy route for the N-formylation of secondary amines using chloroform and sodium ethoxide via dichlorocarbene by the Riemer–Tiemann reaction with excellent yield is reported.
Purification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from bovine brain cytosol (1993)

Two isoforms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been isolated to homogeneity from bovine brain cytosol. In agreement with the cDNA sequence of their human counterpart, they both have an apparent molecular weight of 12 kDa and are characterized by the following N-terminal amino acid sequence NH2-PMFVVNTNVPRASVPDGLLSELTQQLAQATGKPPQYIAV-. CD spectra revealed that bovine MIF contains 42% (+/- 3%) alpha-helix and 21% (+/- 3%) beta-structure. CD-constrained prediction of the secondary structure assigned MIF to the alpha/beta-class of proteins.
National technology roadmaps: the U.S. semiconductor experience (2002)

Behind the projection for the technology for the next 15 years are complete roadmaps for each of the major technologies in support of the manufacture of silicon integrated circuits. This work was the result of hundreds of scientists and engineers from universities, industry, and government working together to develop a set of industry requirements for silicon technology. The history of this roadmap process, the methods used to develop the National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, some of the overall requirements of the Roadmap, and finally, some suggestions for international cooperation and roadmaps in other technologies are the subject of this paper.
Transgenic Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Inhibits Myocardial Fibrosis and Prevents the Transition to Heart Failure in a Pressure Overload Mouse Model (2008)

Hypertension induces dysfunctional matrix remodeling that results in the development of myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis adversely affects compliance, electrical activity and cardiac function in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of enzymes that regulate the remodeling of the matrix in response to pressure overload. Several studies have shown that the MMP-1/TIMP (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase) ratio is decreased in hypertensive heart disease. However, the exact role that MMP-1 has in modulating the fibrotic response to hypertension is largely unknown. We hypothesized that cardiac expression of MMP-1 in mice would protect against the development of dysfunctional matrix remodeling during pressure overload. To investigate this, a suprarenal aortic banding model was utilized. Banded and unbanded MMP-1 transgenic mice were compared with appropriately matched wild-type mice. The banded mice were examined at 2 and 5 weeks after banding. MMP-1 attenuated the development of cardiac fibrosis, prevented left ventricular dilation and preserved cardiac function in mice that were exposed to pressure overload. Thus, MMP-1 protected the heart from the dysfunctional remodeling that occurs in response to chronic hypertension. In conclusion, these results suggest that strategies aimed at improving the MMP-1/TIMP balance in the myocardium may help to prevent the onset and progression of hypertensive heart disease.
SONIFICATION OF DAILY WEATHER RECORDS: ISSUES OF PERCEPTION, ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN DESIGN CHOICES (2001)

Daily climate records that include temperature and precipitation observations, along with other optional “event ” records (such as a severe storm occurrence or the highlighting of record high or low temperatures) are a form of multivariate time series data that is well suited to sonification. Our project describes and demonstrates sonification of historical monthly weather records from Lincoln, Nebraska that allow perceptual comparisons between corresponding monthly records from different years for illustration of climatic trends and fluctuations. Choices of data-sound mapping schemes and temporal properties of the display will be related to basic principles of auditory perception, attention and cognition. 1.
High Performance Dictionary-Based String Matching for Deep Packet Inspection (2010)

Dictionary-Based String Matching (DBSM) is used in network Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) applications virus scanning and network intrusion detection. We propose the Pipelined Affix Search with Tail Acceleration (PASTA) architecture for solving DBSM with guaranteed worst-case performance. Our PASTA architecture is composed of a Pipelined Affix Search Relay (PASR) followed by a Tail Acceleration Finite Automaton (TAFA). PASR consists of one or more pipelined Binary Search Tree (pBST) modules arranged in a linear array. TAFA is constructed with the Aho-Corasick goto and failure functions in a compact multi-path and multi-stride tree structure. Both PASR and TAFA achieve good memory efficiency of 1.2 and 2 B/ch (bytes per character) respectively and are pipelined to achieve a high clock rate of 200 MHz on FPGAs. Because PASTA does not depend on the effectiveness of any hash function or the property of the input stream, its performance is guaranteed in the worst case. Our prototype implementation of PASTA on an FPGA with 10 Mb on-chip block RAM achieves 3.2 Gbps matching throughput against a dictionary of over 700 K characters. This level of performance surpasses the requirements of next-generation security gateways for deep packet inspection.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:math>Noise and Grain-Boundary Diffusion in Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (1985)

We have measured the $\frac{1}{f}$ noise in polycrystalline films of Al, Al-Si(1%), and Al-Cu(4%) in the temperature range of 300 to 600 K. The temperature dependence indicated activation energies of 0.69, 0.80, and 0.89 eV, respectively. These energies are similar to the activation energies found for Al diffusion along grain boundaries for films of the same size and composition measured in the same temperature range. Measurements of samples with identical compositions but differing widths and thicknesses revealed significant departures from the usual inverse volume dependence of the $\frac{1}{f}$ noise.
STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (1940)

In mice affected with equine encephalomyelitis, the first pathological disturbance in infant animals is an inflammatory reaction, which is usually less pronounced in adult animals. A characteristic type of parenchymal damage appears to be independent of the inflammation. In such foci of injury there is initially a vacuolation of intercellular tissue. Neurones in such areas are at first intact, later show cytoplasmic changes, and finally nuclear alterations. Complete disintegration of tissue and all its elements may be the end result.
Viral‐mediated gene transfer in the cochlea (1997)

Gene transfer is an exciting new tool in medical therapy and scientific investigation, but only very recently has it begun to be developed in the auditory system. This paper describes in vivo and ex vivo experiments using an adenoviral vector (Ad. RSVntlacZ), which is a replication-deficient virus based on a human adenoviral (serotype 5) genomic backbone. The in vivo experiments demonstrate successful gene transfer into multiple types of cochlear cells. We observed a relatively efficient transduction, several weeks of sustained transgene expression and an absence of major lethal cytotoxicity in spiral ganglion and epithelial cells of the cochlea in adult animals. The ex vivo experiments were performed using fibroblasts transduced in vitro with Ad. RSVntlacZ. Two weeks after inoculation of the fibroblasts into the perilymph, we observed transplanted fibroblasts, which were adherent to the lining of the perilymphatic spaces, and were expressing the lacZ transgene. We speculate that, as the genetic basis of degenerative cochlear diseases is characterized on a mutational level, transgene expression will allow us to test hypotheses regarding the effects of specific genes on cochlear cell biology. Gene transfer will not only increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of hearing loss, but also may provide gene therapy for disease.
Empirical Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment of Patients with Fibromyalgia and Fatigue and a Positive Serologic Result for Lyme Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (1993)

Purpose: To examine the cost-effectiveness of empirical, parenteral antibiotic treatment of patients with chronic fatigue and myalgia and a positive serologic result for Lyme disease who lack classic manifestations. Data Sources: Peer-reviewed journals, opinion of experts in the field, and published epidemiologic reports. Study Selection: Consensus by authors on articles that indicated methods for patient selection; on criteria used for diagnosis; on immunologic methods used for classifying patients; on the dose and duration of therapy; and on criteria by which responses to therapy were ascertained. Data Extraction: In a cost-effectiveness model, the costs and benefits of empirical parenteral therapy for patients seropositive for Lyme disease were compared with a strategy in which only patients having classical symptoms of Lyme disease were treated. Data Synthesis: In areas endemic for Lyme disease, the incidence of false-positive serologic results in patients with nonspecific myalgia or fatigue exceeds by four to one the incidence of true-positive results in patients with nonclassical infections. Treatment of the former group of patients costs $86 221 for each true-positive patient treated. The empirical strategy causes 29 cases of drug toxicity for every case in the more conservative strategy. If patients were willing to pay $3485 to eliminate anxiety about not treating possible true Lyme disease, the empirical strategy would break even. Conclusion: For most patients with a positive Lyme antibody titer whose only symptoms are nonspecific myalgia or fatigue the risks and costs of empirical parenteral antibiotic therapy exceed the benefits. Only when the value of patient anxiety about leaving a positive test untreated exceeds the cost of such therapy is the empirical treatment cost-effective.
Image stabilization by features tracking (2003)

This paper describes a technique for image stabilization in video sequences. The warping that compensates for the camera motion is computed from tracked features in the images. In order to cope with moving objects, a robust technique is used to compute homographies. Moreover, the tracking is made more reliable by using the computed warping to help predict the features' positions. The effectiveness of the motion compensation is demonstrated by constructing mosaic images from the stabilized sequence and by computing the RMS error. An effort has been made to keep the computational cost low and to reduce the frame rate needed for tracking, with the aim of making a real-time implementation viable.
Physical properties of homogeneous TiO<sub>2</sub>films prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering as a function of crystallographic phase and nanostructure (2009)

Optical, photo-electrochemical, crystallographic and morphological properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering at low substrate temperatures (<65 °C) without post-deposition thermal annealing are studied. The film composition—anatase, rutile or amorphous TiO2—is adjusted by the pressure (p ∼ 0.75–15 Pa) in the deposition chamber. The different crystallographic phases were determined with grazing incidence x-ray diffractometry. The surface morphology and size of TiO2 grains/clusters were imaged with atomic force microscopy. Basic plasma parameters were determined by means of the time-resolved Langmuir probe technique. The power density influx on the substrate was estimated from calorimetric probe measurement. The data from calorimetric probe measurements and time-resolved Langmuir probe served as input parameters for the calculation of influx contributions of particular species. The band-gap energy Eg depends on the film composition and crystallographic phase. Optical parameters (refractive index n + ik, transmittance T, reflectance R and absorbance A) are measured as functions of photon energy in the UV–Vis range by spectroscopic ellipsometry. For the rutile and anatase films agreement with the respective bulk phase is found. Incident photon-current conversion efficiency determined by photo-electrochemical measurements reached the highest values (0.312) for the anatase film.