gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Butyrate attenuates BCLX(L) expression in human fibroblasts and acts in synergy with ionizing radiation to induce apoptosis. (1998)

Ionizing radiation is a poor inducer of apoptosis in many cell types. In this study we investigated what effect the differentiation agent butyrate had on the cellular levels of the apoptosis regulators BCL2, BCLX(L) and BAX and on radiation-induced apoptosis. It was found that butyrate significantly lowered the level of the apoptosis antagonist BCLX(L) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in diploid human fibroblasts. The reduction of the level of BCLX(L) protein by butyrate correlated with an increased induction of apoptosis in cells irradiated with ionizing radiation. Butyrate also acted in synergy with ultraviolet (UV) light and cisplatin to induce apoptosis in human fibroblasts. Radiosensitization was obtained when butyrate was added before and/or after irradiation, although the combination of treatment both before and after irradiation was the most effective. Our results suggest that butyrate acts in synergy with ionizing radiation, UV light and cisplatin to induce apoptosis, perhaps by lowering the level of the apoptosis antagonist BCLX(L) in cells.
Continuous multifunction myoelectric control using pattern recognition (2003)

This work represents an ongoing investigation of dexterous and natural control of upper extremity prostheses using the myoelectric signal. The scheme described within uses pattern recognition to process four channels of myoelectric signal, with the t
Using Kinect for hand tracking and rendering in wearable haptics (2011)

Wearable haptic devices with poor position sensing are combined with the Kinect depth sensor by Microsoft. A heuristic hand tracker has been developed. It allows for the animation of the hand avatar in the virtual reality and the implementation of the force rendering algorithm: the position of the fingertips is measured by the hand tracker designed and optimized for Kinect, and the rendering algorithm computes the contact forces for wearable haptic display. Preliminary experiments with qualitative results show the effectiveness of the idea of combining Kinect and wearable haptics.
Effect of Flue-Gas Impurities on the Process of Injection and Storage of CO2 in Depleted Gas Reservoirs (2008)

Our previous coreflood experiments—injecting pure CO2 into carbonate cores—showed that the process is a win-win technology, sequestrating CO2 while recovering a significant amount of hitherto unrecoverable natural gas that could help defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. In this paper, we report our findings on the effect of “impurities” in flue gas—N2, O2, H2O, SO2, NO2, and CO—on the displacement of natural gas during CO2 sequestration. Results show that injection of CO2 with approximately less than 1mole% impurities would result in practically the same volume of CO2 being sequestered as injecting pure CO2. This gas would have the advantage of being a cheaper separation process compared to pure CO2 as not all the impurities are removed. Although separation of CO2 out of flue gas is a costly process, it appears that this is necessary to maximize CO2 sequestration volume, reduce compression costs of N2 (approximately 80% of the stream), and improve sweep efficiency and gas recovery in the reservoir.
Non‐Protein Nitrogen and True Protein in Infant Formulas (1989)

Protein and nitrogen (N) requirements of infants and the optimum protein level of infant formulas are still under debate. Human milk (HM) N is considered adequate although 25% of the N is provided as non-protein nitrogen (NPN), half in the form of urea. Soluble N, insoluble N, NPN and urea N were determined in HM and cow's milk (CM), 5 CM-based infant formulas, 4 soy protein-based formulas (SF), and manufacturers' skim milk and whey protein sources. Total, peptide and free amino acids were also determined in all samples. Levels of NPN and urea N in formulas were highly dependent on the type of whey used, with ion-exchange whey being highest, followed by electrodialyzed and ultrafiltered whey, respectively. SF contained very little NPN with the exception of Soyalac. Consequently, true protein [(Total N-NPN) x 6.38] was lower than the reported levels in several formulas. Levels of peptide and free amino acids were also affected by the method of whey preparation. While it has been recognized that "casein-predominant" CM formulas will have different effects on metabolic indices than "whey-predominant" formulas, this study demonstrates that there are also pronounced differences among "whey-predominant" formulas.
Water soluble quantum dots as hydrophilic carriers and two-photon excited energy donors in photodynamic therapy (2012)

In search of strategies to develop deeply penetrating agents for use in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), we have devised a Quantum Dot-Rose Bengal conjugate that is effective at producing singlet oxygen upon two-photon irradiation. The CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot, with its high two photon absorption cross section, serves as a two-photon absorbing antenna and transfers its excited state energy to the attached photosensitiser which engages with molecular oxygen to produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Thus, we were able to excite the photosensitiser indirectly, which has an absorption maximum of 565 nm, with two-photon irradiation at 800 nm. Given the tissue penetration depth of 800 nm light is at least four times greater than 565 nm light, this offers the opportunity to access much deeper-seated tumours than is currently possible with pharmaceutically approved photosensitisers. Furthermore, the attachment of the photosensitiser to the hydrophilic quantum dot improved the aqueous solubility of the photosensitiser by 48 fold, thus overcoming another limitation of currently used photosensitisers, that of poor aqueous solubility.
Interspecies H2 transfer in cellulose degradation between fibrolytic bacteria and H2-utilizing microorganisms from the human colon (2001)

Interspecies H2 transfer between two newly isolated fibrolytic strains (18P13 and 18P16) and H2-utilizing methanogen or acetogen from the human colon was investigated during in vitro cellulose degradation. Both H2-consuming microorganisms utilized efficiently H2 produced from cellulose fermentation by the fibrolytic species. H2 utilization by Methanobrevibacter smithii did not change the metabolism and the cellulolytic activity of strain 18P16 whereas it induced a metabolic shift in strain 18P13. However, this metabolic shift was not associated with enhancement of cellulose degradation. In contrast, an increase in cellulose breakdown was observed when strain 18P13 was cultivated with Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus. This stimulating effect could be attributed to both the autotrophic and the heterotrophic metabolism of the acetogen in the coculture.
Clinical impact of depression and anxiety in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2017)

Our findings indicate that depression and anxiety are relatively common in patients with IPF. Although no significant differences were noted with regard to survival rate and hospitalization, the present study suggests that depression and anxiety significantly influence quality of life in patients with IPF.
Travel recommendations in a mobile tourist information system (2005)

An advanced mobile tourist information system delivers information about sights and events on a tourists travel route. The system should be personalized in its interaction with the tourist. Data that can be used for personalization are: the tourists interest profile, an analysis of their travel history, and the tourists feedback about sights. Existing mobile information systems for tourists do not tailor their information delivery to the tourists interests. In this paper, we propose the use of personalised recommendations that consider all of the personal information a tourist provides. We adopt and modify techniques from recommended systems to the new application area of mobile tourist information. We propose a number of methods for personalised recommendations; and select a subset of these for implementation. This paper then presents the implemented recommended component of our TIP system for mobile tourist information
Reconfigurable Data Planes for Scalable Network Virtualization (2012)

Network virtualization presents a powerful approach to share physical network infrastructure among multiple virtual networks. Recent advances in network virtualization advocate the use of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as flexible high performance alternatives to conventional host virtualization techniques. However, the limited on-chip logic and memory resources in FPGAs severely restrict the scalability of the virtualization platform and necessitate the implementation of efficient forwarding structures in hardware. The research described in this manuscript explores the implementation of a scalable heterogeneous network virtualization platform that integrates virtual data planes implemented in FPGAs with software data planes created using host virtualization techniques. The system exploits data plane heterogeneity to cater to the dynamic service requirements of virtual networks by migrating networks between software and hardware data planes. We demonstrate data plane migration as an effective technique to limit the impact of traffic on unmodified data planes during FPGA reconfiguration. Our system implements forwarding tables in a shared fashion using inexpensive off-chip memories and supports both Internet Protocol (IP) and non-IP-based data planes. Experimental results show that FPGA-based data planes can offer two orders of magnitude better throughput than their software counterparts, and FPGA reconfiguration can facilitate data plane customization within 12 seconds. An integrated system that supports up to 15 virtual networks has been validated on the NetFPGA platform.
Ge<i>x</i>Si1−<i>x</i> strained-layer superlattice waveguide photodetectors operating near 1.3 μm (1986)

Properties of GexSi1−x strained-layer p-i-n detectors, in which the strained-layer superlattice itself was used as an absorption region, have been studied for the first time. These devices were grown on (100)Si by molecular beam epitaxy. Using waveguide geometry we have obtained internal quantum efficiencies on the order of 40% at 1.3 μm in superlattices with the Ge fraction x=0.6. The superlattice detectors show the frequency response bandwidth of over 1 GHz and uniformly excellent electrical characteristics for values of x as large as 0.8.
Space robot autonomy based on distance sensors (2002)

Describes work on a large laboratory testbed for space robotics (Columbus Automation and Robotics Laboratory Testbed), able to execute hierarchically organized complex activities, to increase the degree of autonomy of the system. For instance, now the robotic system is able to conclude several activities, like closing a drawer or moving a sample from a location to another, without any intervention of the operator even when the subject to be manipulated is out of its locking place or is far from the expected (nominal) position of several centimetres. A set of laser distance sensors available in the end-effector has been exploited to this purpose, and suitable strategies have been developed to recover the true grasping positions. The work has been developed following a standard control development methodology which has led to the full modular integration of the additional autonomous control capabilities in the basic robot control and programming system.
Immunosuppression with Cyclosporine A and Mycophenolate Mofetil After Penetrating High-Risk Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Study (2005)

We found a statistically significant, stronger effect of MMF compared with CsA in preventing immune reactions after high-risk keratoplasty, despite a shorter MMF administration compared with CsA. Both systemic immunosuppressants were shown to have comparable potency regarding clear graft survival and were well tolerated.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF CYCLOSPORINE LIPOSOMES AS A SMALL-PARTICLE AEROSOL (1993)

Systemically administered CsA has not consistently suppressed the pulmonary immunoreactivity that leads to rejection in lung transplant patients. Pulmonary T cells from patients given CsA systemically still retain their immunoreactivity, which can be suppressed with added CsA. Direct application of CsA by aerosol to the respiratory epithelium should achieve high lung concentrations with minimum systemic effects. In the present study, CsA was most efficiently incorporated into liposomes composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine at a molar ratio of CsA to egg yolk phosphatidylcholine of 1:20. These CsA liposomes retained their biological activity and were as effective as free CsA in the suppression of anti-CD3-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation by mouse spleen cells. The generation of a small-particle aerosol of CsA liposomes had no effect on this biological activity. CsA liposome aerosol particles have a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2 microns, which allows for distribution of drug throughout the respiratory tract. Quantitation of CsA in the lungs and blood of mice exposed to CsA liposome aerosols for 4 days showed that as little as 15 min daily (0.11 mg/kg/day) was sufficient to achieve an estimated concentration of CsA in respiratory secretions of 6 micrograms/ml without detectable blood levels. Thus, CsA liposomes can be produced and aerosolized that achieve pulmonary concentrations with sufficient immunosuppressive activity to be effective in the treatment of lung diseases.
Parallel data cube construction for high performance on-line analytical processing (2002)

Decision support systems use online analytical processing (OLAP) to analyze data by posing complex queries that require different views of data. Traditionally, a relational approach (ROLAP) has been taken to build such systems. More recently, multi-dimensional database techniques (MOLAP) have been applied to decision-support applications. Data is stored in multi-dimensional arrays, which is a natural way to express the multi-dimensionality of the enterprise and is more suited for analysis. Precomputed aggregate calculations in a data cube can provide efficient query processing for OLAP applications. In this paper, we present algorithms and results for in-memory data cube construction on distributed-memory machines.
Time Course of Onset and Decay of Humoral Natriuretic Activity in the Rat (1975)

The natriuretic mechanism.tic activity shown in earlier cross-circulation experiments to develop in the blood of rats undergoing sustained vascular expansion has been further characterized. Following whole blood infusion and urine reinfusion of the donor rat, a cross-circulated isovolaemic partner exhibits a natriuresis of gradual onset, requiring 60-80 min to reach a peak (0.04-3.24 muequiv./min per gram kidney weight). The gradual feature of recipient natriuresis was unchanged by infusing the donor rat 1 h prior to cross-circulation. Once developed, the recipient natriuresis was sustained when fluid depletion by the renal response was prevented, but was reversible with a half-life of about 30 min on interruption of the cross-circulation; reconnection of cross-circulation promptly restored recipient natriuresis. No significant natriuresis (0.04-0.16 muequiv/min per gram kidney weight) occurred in the recipients if the donors in comparable cross-circulations were not infused. These findings confirm that a natriuretic activity develops in the blood as a consequence of vascular expansion, and reveal that the activity has a slowly developing and reversible action on the renal natriure
A CMOS LC-based frequency reference with ±40ppm stability from −40°C to 105°C (2015)

This work presents a highly stable monolithic integrated CMOS LC-based frequency reference. The frequency reference is based on a Self-Compensated Oscillator (SCO) architecture where the LC tank operates at a specific phase Phi-NULL where frequency sensitivity versus temperature is minimum. A new compensation technique is applied over Phi-Null to further optimize frequency stability and extend the temperature range. The new technique is based on an analog approach and induces a minimum impact on oscillator phase noise, current consumption and die area. Utilizing this technique, the temperature range has been extended to (-40-105°C) with a ±40ppm frequency stability. Achieved performance makes it possible for the SCO to be introduced to automotive applications where crystals suffer vibration induced stability issues.
A theoretical approach to predicting the success of genetic manipulation of malaria mosquitoes in malaria control (2002)

If refractoriness is less than 100% effective (because of, for example, environmentally induced variation in the effectiveness of the mosquito's immune response), control programmes based on genetic manipulation of mosquitoes will have very little impact on the epidemiology of malaria, at least in areas with intense transmission.
Nosocomial Septicemia Due to Multiply Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (1982)

Thirteen episodes of Staphylococcus epidermidis sepsis occurred over a 20-month period in 11 patients receiving general surgical and medical care. These episodes were characterized by fever, toxicity, multiple positive blood cultures, and uniformly colonized intravascular catheters. An additional 16 patients had possible sepsis. Four associated deaths occurred; all three patients autopsied had multiple pulmonary abscesses in which gram-positive cocci were profusely present. In individual patients, prolonged episodes of septicemia were confirmed by multiple blood culture isolates of S. epidermidis, identical in antibiotic resistance pattern, phage type, and biotype. A prominent feature of the S. epidermidis isolates was resistance to many commonly used antimicrobial agents. Case-control studies and review of laboratory records indicated a significant association between multiply resistant S. epidermidis blood isolates and prolonged hospitalization and parenteral hyperalimentation. Most of these patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit; nose and hand cultures taken from the personnel showed frequent carriage of multiply resistant S. epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with intravascular devices may produce life-threatening bloodstream infections.
Adaptive two-level frame aggregation in IEEE 802.11n WLAN (2012)

In order to reduce the overhead of legacy WLANs, the IEEE 802.11n standard defines two aggregation schemes, i.e., A-MSDU and A-MPDU. In general, A-MPDU outperforms A-MSDU due to its selective retransmission capability. However, A-MPDU has a fundamental restriction on the minimum separation in time between the start of two consecutive subframes carried on the same A-MPDU. If such a gap is smaller than the minimum MPDU start spacing of the receiver, the sender should insert additional padding, thus resulting in throughput degradation. The main contribution of this paper is that we provide an adaptive aggregation scheme in which the sender conveys A-MSDUs within A-MPDUs in an adaptive manner, in order to resolve this potential problem in A-MPDU. Our analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves throughput performance over A-MPDU and A-MSDU by up to 280% and 19%, respectively.
Language Extensions to SystemC: Process Control Constructs (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Visualization of evaporative convection in minute drops by laser shadowgraphy (1983)

A very simple optical procedure is developed to investigate the morphology of natural convection and the dynamic behavior of drops evaporating on a plate by means of a laser shadowgraphic system. This method is the only nonintrusive means of visualizing flow patterns in a time-varying ‘‘lens’’ shaped system. Its uniqueness and superiority are discussed.
Separate Signaling Mechanisms Are Involved in the Control of STAT Protein Activation and Gene Regulation via the Interleukin 6 Response Element by the Box 3 Motif of gp130 (1995)

The cytoplasmic receptor sequences required for the transcriptional control via the IL-6 response element (IL-6RE) and the hematopoietin receptor response element (HRRE) in hepatoma cells were defined by transient expression of wild-type and mutant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor-gp130 chimeric receptors. gp130 generated two separate transcriptional signals, one of which was directed to IL-6RE and required an intact box 3 motif, and another, which was directed to HRRE and was box 3-independent. The activation of DNA-binding of STAT3 required the same gp130 domains as the IL-6RE response. A box 3-independent activation of STAT proteins was achieved by overexpression of the kinases JAK2 or TYK2. The increase in the DNA-binding activity of STAT proteins, however, did not result in a corresponding increase in transcription via either IL-6RE or HRRE. The data indicate that activation of the DNA-binding potential of STAT proteins via gp130 is not sufficient to achieve transcriptional up-regulation of specific target genes. The cytoplasmic receptor sequences required for the transcriptional control via the IL-6 response element (IL-6RE) and the hematopoietin receptor response element (HRRE) in hepatoma cells were defined by transient expression of wild-type and mutant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor-gp130 chimeric receptors. gp130 generated two separate transcriptional signals, one of which was directed to IL-6RE and required an intact box 3 motif, and another, which was directed to HRRE and was box 3-independent. The activation of DNA-binding of STAT3 required the same gp130 domains as the IL-6RE response. A box 3-independent activation of STAT proteins was achieved by overexpression of the kinases JAK2 or TYK2. The increase in the DNA-binding activity of STAT proteins, however, did not result in a corresponding increase in transcription via either IL-6RE or HRRE. The data indicate that activation of the DNA-binding potential of STAT proteins via gp130 is not sufficient to achieve transcriptional up-regulation of specific target genes.
Crystal Structure, Band Structure, and Physical Properties of Ba<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>6‐x</sub>Ge<sub>40+x</sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Data-in-Place (2015)

We present findings from a year-long engagement with a street and its community. The work explores how the production and use of data is bound up with place, both in terms of physical and social geography. We detail three strands of the project. First, we consider how residents have sought to curate existing data about the street in the form of an archive with physical and digital components. Second, we report endeavours to capture data about the street's environment, especially of vehicle traffic. Third, we draw on the possibilities afforded by technologies for polling opinion. We reflect on how these engagements have: materialised distinctive relations between the community and their data; surfaced flows and contours of data, and spatial, temporal and social boundaries; and enacted a multiplicity of 'small worlds'. We consider how such a conceptualisation of data-in-place is relevant to the design of technology.