gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Stability and Acidic Strength of Preyssler‐Type Phosphotungstic Acid, H<sub>14</sub>[P<sub>5</sub>W<sub>30</sub>O<sub>110</sub>Na] and It's Catalytic Activity for Hydrolysis of Alkyl Acetates (2011)

Abstract Full structural analysis of Preyssler‐type phosphotungstic acid, H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na], using 183 W NMR, 31 P NMR, and IR spectroscopy, as well as complete elemental analysis revealed that H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na] · 44H 2 O was obtained in pure form. H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na] started to decompose by heating at 373 K and was less stable than Keggin‐type phosphotungstic acid, H 3 PW 12 O 40 · 6H 2 O, which was stable even after heating at 673 K. Acidic strength measurements using trimethyl phosphine oxide (Me 3 P=O) as a probe molecule indicated that the acidic strength of H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na] was greater than that of H 3 PW 12 O 40 on the basis of the amount of acid in an aqueous solution. H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na] was less active than H 3 PW 12 O 40 for hydrolysis of alkyl acetates on the basis of acid amount. However, H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na] was more active than H 3 PW 12 O 40 for hydrolysis of alkyl acetates with small alkyl groups on the basis of catalyst weight because acid amount per weight of H 14 [P 5 W 30 O 110 Na] was about two times higher than that of H 3 PW 12 O 40 .
Kernel-Integration Scatter Model for the Characterization of Nuclear Waste Drums by Gamma Emission Tomography (2002)

The objective of this study is the determination of the distribution of the activity of radio-elements contained in radioactive waste packages by means of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A three-dimensional (3D) projector simulator for a parallel hole collimator and NaI(Tl) scintillator, based on the point kernel integration method is proposed, The model takes into account the attenuation and scatter of gamma rays. Primary scattered photons are treated by the Compton process and Klein-Nishina formula and the multiple scattering is accounted for by means of the dose buildup factor normally used in shielding problems. An advantage of the proposed model is that it offers the possibility of generating a full two-dimensional point-spread function (PSF) that can be used for 3D reconstruction. The developed model is convenient in those situations where more exact techniques (Such as Monte Carlo simulation) are not economical. The model has been evaluated for the package having homogenous density with the Cs-137 point source inside.
Opportunistic scanning: Interruption-free network topology discovery for wireless mesh networks (2009)

This paper presents the concept and preliminary performance evaluation of a stochastic network discovery approach named opportunistic scanning. Therein, a station only pauses its communication for an extremely short time interval to scan for other technologies / systems. The selected scanning duration is short enough not to be noticeable by higher layer applications. We place this concept into the 802.11 mesh network context and evaluate 802.11 power saving as one possible signaling protocol used to pause the communication between the scanning station and its interlocutor. We herein derive the theoretical performance limits of opportunistic scanning in combination with 802.11 power save and present first results classifying the time required to find a neighboring technology / system at a given probability.
Linearly shift knapsack public-key cryptosystem (1989)

Two algorithms are proposed to improve the Merkle-Hellman knapsack public-key cryptosystem. an approach to transform a superincreasing sequence to a high-density knapsack sequence is proposed. The algorithm is easy to implement and eliminates the redundancy of many knapsack cryptosystems. A linear shift method is used to improve the security of the knapsack public-key cryptosystem. It is shown that several knapsacks (e.g., the so-called useless knapsack), which cannot be generated by using the Merkle-Hellman scheme, can be generated by the linear shift method. Thus A. Shamir's (1982, 1984) attack to the original knapsack, as well as the low-density attack to the iterated knapsack, cannot be applied to this system successfully. It is interesting to note that the concept of the requirement of being one-to-one in practical enciphering keys is not necessary for this system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Confidence estimation and keyword extraction from speech recognition result based on Web information (2013)

This paper proposes to use Web information for confidence measure and to extract keywords for speech recognition results. Spoken document processing has been attracting attention particularly for information retrieval and video (audiovisual) content systems. For example, measuring a confidence score which indicates how likely a document or a segmented document includes recognition errors has been studied. It is well known keyword extraction from recognition results is also an important issue. For these purposes, in this paper, pointwise mutual information (PMI) between two words is employed. PMI has been used to calculate a confidence measure of speech recognition, as a coherence measure by co-occurrence of words. We propose to further improve the method by using a Web query expansion technique with term triplets which consist of nouns in the same document. We also apply PMI to keyword estimation by summing a co-occurrence score (sumPMI) between a targeting keyword candidate and each term. The proposed methods were tested with 10 lectures in Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) and 2 simulated movie dialogues. In the experiments it is shown that the estimated confidence score has high relationship with recognition accuracy, indicating the effectiveness of our method. And sumPMI scores for keywords have higher values in the subjective tests.
Association of Erythrodermic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Superantigen-Positive Staphylococcus aureus, and Oligoclonal T-Cell Receptor Vβ Gene Expansion (1997)

Forty-two patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, including 31 with exfoliative erythroderma or Sezary syndrome and 11 with mycosis fungoides, were studied for the occurrence of staphylococcal infection. Thirty-two of 42 (76%) had a positive staphylococcal culture from skin or blood. One half of the patients with positive cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus. This group included 11 with Sezary syndrome and 5 with rapidly enlarging mycosis fungoides plaques or tumors. All of the S aureus carried enterotoxin genes. Surprisingly, 6 of 16 strains were the same toxic shock toxin-1 (TSST-1)-positive clone, designated electrophoretic type (ET)-41. Analysis of the T-cell receptor V beta repertoire in 14 CTCL patients found that only 4 had the expected monoclonal expansion of a specific V beta gene, whereas 10 had oligoclonal or polyclonal expansion of several V beta families. All patients with TSST-1+ S aureus had overexpansion of V beta Z in blood and/or skin lesions. These studies show that S aureus containing superantigen enterotoxins are commonly found in patients with CTCL especially individuals with erythroderma where they could exacerbate and/or perpetuate stimulate chronic T-cell expansion and cutaneous inflammation. Attention to toxigenic S aureus in CTCL patients would be expected to improve the quality of care and outcome of this patient population.
Micromachined microsensors for manufacturing (2004)

The rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies in recent years has provided a high degree of spatial miniaturization and integration of electromechanical components, which enable integrated sensing and control in manufacturing. This article provides an overview of the state of the art of micromachined microsensors for the measurement of mechanical signals in the manufacturing industry for automobiles, manufacturing, medical equipment, environment, robotics, food, and other consumer products. Measurements of pressure, acceleration, and acoustic emission (AE) are the three physical quantities that are most encountered in industrial and manufacturing applications. Discussed are the major design parameters of such microsensors, such as dynamic range, sensitivity, resolution, and accuracy and provide a real-world application. Also discussed are the issues related to the spatial integration of signal processing, power supply, and wireless communication with the sensing elements, which are of direct relevance to the overall performance of the microsensors.
Atmospheric Photochemistry via Vibrational Overtone Absorption (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtmospheric Photochemistry via Vibrational Overtone AbsorptionD. J. Donaldson, A. F. Tuck, and Veronica VaidaView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 12, 4717–4730Publication Date (Web):September 4, 2003Publication History Received4 March 2003Published online4 September 2003Published inissue 1 December 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0206519https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0206519research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1159Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Dissociation,Molecules,Photodissociation,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Putative Structure of (−)-Oryzoxymycin (2003)

[reaction: see text] A short asymmetric synthesis of (2'S,5R,6R)-2'-[6-amino-5-hydroxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbonyloxy]propionic acid, the enantiomer of the reported structure of (+)-oryzoxymycin is described. The reported spectral data does not match that obtained for synthetic "oryzoxymycin".
Synthesis and Evaluation of Polymer-Based Zwitterionic Stationary Phases for Separation of Ionic Species (2001)

Three different zwitterionic functional stationary phases for chromatography were synthesized on the basis of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) polymeric particles. Two synthesis routes, producing materials designated S300-ECH-DMA-PS or S300-TC-DMA-PS, involved activation of the hydroxyl groups of the HEMA material with epichlorohydrin or thionyl chloride, respectively, followed by dimethylamination and quaternizing 3-sulfopropylation with 1,3-propane sultone. The third route was accomplished by attaching methacrylate moieties to the HEMA through a reaction with methacrylic anhydride, followed by graft photopolymerization of the zwitterionic monomer 3-[N,N-dimethyl-N-(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium] propanesulfonate, initiated by benzoin methyl ether under 365-nm light. According to elemental analyses, both the S300-ECH-DMA-PS and S300-TC-DMA-PS materials appeared to have overall charge stoichometries close to unity, whereas the grafted material, S300-MAA-SPE, seemed to carry an excess of anion exchange sites in addition to the zwitterionic groups. Yet all three zwitterionic stationary phases were capable of separating inorganic anions and cations simultaneously and independently using aqueous solutions of perchloric acid or perchlorate salts as eluent, albeit with markedly different selectivities. On the S300-TC-DMA-PS and S300-MAA-SPE materials, the retention times increased for cations and decreased for anions with increasing eluent concentration, whereas with the S300-ECH-DMA-PS material, the retention times of both anions and cations decreased with increasing eluent concentration. These results demonstrate the importance of choosing appropriate synthesis conditions in order to prepare covalently bonded zwitterionic separation materials with an acceptable charge balance.
Nonsyndromic Deafness DFNA1 Associated with Mutation of a Human Homolog of the <i>Drosophila</i> Gene <i>diaphanous</i> (1997)

The gene responsible for autosomal dominant, fully penetrant, nonsyndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss in a large Costa Rican kindred was previously localized to chromosome 5q31 and named DFNA1 . Deafness in the family is associated with a protein-truncating mutation in a human homolog of the Drosophila gene diaphanous . The truncation is caused by a single nucleotide substitution in a splice donor, leading to a four–base pair insertion in messenger RNA and a frameshift. The diaphanous protein is a profilin ligand and target of Rho that regulates polymerization of actin, the major component of the cytoskeleton of hair cells of the inner ear.
Methodology for the development of a drug library based upon collision-induced fragmentation for the identification of toxicologically relevant drugs in plasma samples (2001)

The possibility of creating a robust mass spectral library with use of high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure-electrospray ionization (HPLC-AP-ESI) for the identification of misused in cases of clinical toxicology has been examined. Factors reported as influencing the fragmentation induced by source transport region collision induced dissociation (CID) have been tested in this study (i.e. solvent, pH, different acids or buffer salts and their concentration, different organic modifiers and the modifier concentration). The tests performed on a few model drugs were analysed with use of two different single quadrupole instruments. The large number of mass spectra obtained appears to be affected by the mobile phase conditions to only a minor extent. This also holds for the mass spectra obtained at two different instruments (laboratories). Subsequently breakdown curves have been measured for about 20 randomly chosen by variation of the kinetic energy of their ions in the CID zone through changing the fragmenter voltage. These breakdown curves were used to optimize the fragmenter voltage for each drug. The optimized fragmenter voltages were then applied by use of a variably ramped fragmenter voltage to acquire mass spectra for the library. The chromatographic separations were run on a Zorbax Stable bond column using a 10-mM ammonium formate-acetonitrile gradient method. Spiked blank serum and patient samples with a total of 40 different were extracted with use of a standard basic liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. A search of significant peaks in the chromatogram by application of the developed mass spectral library is shown to result in a more than 95% positive identification. reserved.
Designing Excited States: Theory‐Guided Access to Efficient Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Action (2011)

The in silico design of tetraradical S1 states was validated experimentally through synthesis, followed by characterization including phosphorescence measurements, use of trap molecules, and cell culture studies, leading to a series of orthogonal dimers of Bodipy chromophores with remarkable singlet oxygen efficiencies (see picture). A new path for the rational development of efficient photosensitizers is thus revealed.
<i>Cryptococcus gattii</i>Isolates from the British Columbia Cryptococcosis Outbreak Induce Less Protective Inflammation in a Murine Model of Infection than<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2009)

The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes approximately one million cases of cryptococcosis per year in people with AIDS. In contrast, the related species C. gattii is responsible for a much smaller number of cases, but these often occur in immunocompetent people. In fact, C. gattii has emerged in the last decade as the frequent cause of cryptococcosis in otherwise healthy people in British Columbia. We analyzed the immune responses elicited by three C. gattii strains and one C. neoformans strain in mice as a first step toward understanding why C. gattii is able to cause disease in immunocompetent hosts. The C. gattii strains all induced a less protective inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice by inhibiting or failing to provoke the migration of neutrophils to sites of infection. The C. gattii strains also failed to elicit the production of protective cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, compared to the ability of the C. neoformans strain. Despite these differences, the strain representing the major outbreak genotype from British Columbia showed a virulence equivalent to that of the C. neoformans strain, while two other C. gattii strains had reduced virulence. Taken together, our results indicate that C. gattii strains thrive in immunocompetent hosts by evading or suppressing the protective immune responses that normally limit the progression of disease caused by C. neoformans.
Replicated Data Management in Distributed Computer Supported Cooperative Work (1998)

Recently, various studies have been made in industries to improve business efficiency. The concept of "Virtual Enterprise" is one of those studies, and it aims to standardize an information-sharing mechanism among different companies, to establish a common informa tion infrastructure for cooperative work among different companies when necessary, and to gather core competence of different companies. In cooperative work support systems for virtual enterprises, the mutual connections are generally loosely coupled, and the network sys tems among each component companies are often isolated. So the works tend to be done separately.
REVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR WAVE POWER CONVERSION (1976)

Presented is a review of the technology of wave power conversion. Hundreds of patents have been issued on wave power conversion; these include propulsion schemes, buoy power supply devices, offshore power plants and shore-based power stations. Energy densification is a requirement before conversion, and schemes used for it have been resonance, accumulation with time and wave height amplification by converging channels or refraction. Variability of the mean power with time, presence of tide and the possibility of occasional onslaught by very high waves pose challenging problems.
The Passion as Horror Film: St. Mel of the Cross (2008)

Abstract: The precursors of The Passion’s gory torture and crucifixion are action and horror films, not the gospels or Jesus films. Given his previous work, Gibson’s use of the suffering, action hero conventions is not unexpected. The more surprising use of horror techniques likely reflects horror’s popularity and the spread of its artifice through so much of recent cinema. The Passion so effectively displays crucifixion’s gore and violence that its “hidden” providential narrative may be lost on many. Moreover, the successful spectacle also raises questions about the gospels’ own relationships to horror.
Splenic erythroblasts in anemia‐inducing friend disease: A source of cells for studies of erythropoietin‐mediated differentiation (1984)

Splenic erythroblasts obtained from mice during the acute disease caused by either the polycythemia-inducing (FVP) or anemia-inducing (FVA) strain of Friend virus were examined for their degree of terminal differentiation. Morphology, benzidine staining, and heme synthesis kinetics showed that many erythroblasts from FVP-infected mice were undergoing terminal differentiation, while few erythroblasts from FVA-infected mice showed evidence of terminal differentiation. When cultured in methylcellulose medium, splenic erythroblasts from FVP-infected mice completed differentiation without the addition of erythropoietin (EP) to the medium. However, splenic erythroblasts from FVA-infected mice underwent terminal differentiation in vitro only when EP was added to the medium. From spleens of FVA-infected mice, a population of large, immature-appearing erythroblasts was obtained by separation with velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. Serial studies of the separated erythroblasts which were cultured with EP showed that despite some heterogeneity in their proliferative capacity, they were relatively homogeneous in their degree of differentiation in that they had not begun to synthesize heme or globin. Morphological changes and syntheses of heme and globins were monitored during terminal differentiation induced in vitro by EP. The accumulation of immature erythroblasts in vivo, their responsiveness in vitro to EP, and availability of large numbers of cells (10(8) or more) make the splenic erythroblasts of FVA-infected mice an ideal population of cells with which to study EP-mediated terminal differentiation. This erythroblast population should permit the biochemical and molecular studies in erythroid differentiation which heretofore had to be done with chemically induced erythroid differentiation in continuous cell lines.
Arbitrate-and-move primitives for high throughput on-chip interconnection networks (2004)

An n-leaf pipelined balanced binary tree is used for arbitration of order and movement of data from n input ports to one output port. A novel arbitrate-and-move primitive circuit for every node of the tree, which is based on a concept of reduced synchrony that benefits from attractive features of both asynchronous and synchronous designs, is presented. The design objective of the pipelined binary tree is to provide a key building block in a high-throughput mesh-of-trees interconnection network for Explicit Multi Threading (XMT) architecture, a recently introduced parallel computation framework. The proposed reduced synchrony circuit was compared with asynchronous and synchronous designs of arbitrate-and-move primitives. Simulations with 0.18 /spl mu/m technology show that compared to an asynchronous design, the proposed reduced synchrony implementation achieves a higher throughput, up to 2 Giga-Requests per second on an 8-leaf binary tree. Our circuit also consumes less power than the synchronous design, and requires less silicon area than both the synchronous and asynchronous designs.
SIV infection of macaques: a model for AIDS vaccine development. (1990)

The SIV macaque model is an excellent surrogate for SIV infection of humans. Genital mucosal transmission of SIV presents the opportunity for testing the effectiveness of spermicides, pharmacologic agents and vaccines in preventing the heterosexual transmission of HIV. Because the incubation period is usually shorter and the disease tempo more rapid than seen with HIV infection, the endpoint for therapeutic, prophylaxis and vaccine trials can be reached sooner in the monkey model. Initial vaccine experiments using inactivated whole SIV mac did not protect rhesus macaques against IV or genital mucosal challenge with a moderately high dose of homologous live virus but did appear to delay disease in the IV challenge group. Similarly, a modified live SIVmac immunogen also failed to protect rhesus monkeys against IV challenge with live virus but did delay disease. It appears, therefore, that a strong immediate immune response to SIVmac, whether naturally or artificially induced can reduce the level of viremia and delay the onset of clinical SAIDS. We believe that these inactivated whole virus and modified live virus approaches are worth pursuing further and they may guide us towards an eventual effective vaccine for AIDS.