gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and manufacture of spectrally selective reflecting coatings for the use with laser display projection screens (2002)

To provide screens for laser projection that improve contrast, a spectrally selective reflecting filter was designed by using genetic algorithms to overcome the problem of unknown starting values. Colormetrics rather than fixed targets were used for evaluation. Various selective filters were deposited upon glass as well as upon solid and flexible plastic substrates by reactive mid-frequency magnetron sputtering. For process control, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was applied.
OpenOffice.org For Dummies (2003)

Introduction.Part I: Introducing OpenOffice.org.Chapter 1: Getting to Know OpenOffice.org.Chapter 2: Switching to OpenOffice.org.Part II: Using Writer - The Word Processor.Chapter 3: Creating a Document.Chapter 4: Formatting to Perfection.Chapter 5: Designing Complex Documents.Chapter 6: Keeping Control of Your Documents.Chapter 7: Creating Web Pages.Part III: Using Calc - The Spreadsheet.Chapter 8: Creating a Spreadsheet.Chapter 9: At Home on the Range.Chapter 10: Knock on Wood and Print!Chapter 11: Snazzing Up Your Spreadsheet.Chapter 12: Making Calculations.Part IV: Using Impress - The Presentation Package.Chapter 13: Creating a Presentation.Chapter 14: Modifying a Presentation.Chapter 15: Making Presentations Picture-Perfect.Chapter 16: Animating Impressively.Chapter 17: Showing a Presentation.Part V: Using Draw: The Graphics Program.Chapter 18: Unleashing the Artist Within.Part VI: The Part of Tens.Chapter 19: Ten Reasons to Use OpenOffice.Chapter 20: Ten Places to Look for Support.Part VII: Appendixes.Appendix A: Installing OpenOffice.org.Appendix B: What's on the CD-ROM.Index.End-User License Agreement.
Similar efficacy and safety of once‐weekly dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥65 and <65 years (2016)

Both dulaglutide doses were well tolerated, with similar efficacy in patients with T2D aged ≥65 years to those aged <65 years. Dulaglutide can be considered a safe and effective treatment option for use in older adults.
Cardioprotective Benefits of Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opener Diazoxide Are Lost with Administration after the Onset of Stress in Mouse and Human Myocytes (2014)

To maintain myocyte volume homeostasis and contractility during stress (hyperkalemic cardioplegia, metabolic inhibition, and hypo-osmotic stress), KATP channel opener diazoxide requires administration at the onset of stress in this isolated myocyte model. These data have potential implications for any future clinical application of diazoxide.
Purification and Properties of a β-Glucosidase from Fungal Strain Y-94 (1989)

Journal Article Purification and Properties of a β-Glucosidase from Fungal Strain Y-94 Get access Takashi Yamanobe, Takashi Yamanobe Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Higashi 1–1–3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasushi Mitsuishi Yasushi Mitsuishi Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Higashi 1–1–3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 12, 1 December 1989, Pages 3359–3360, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869867 Published: 01 December 1989 Article history Received: 06 July 1989 Published: 01 December 1989
A chronic micropositioning system for neurophysiology (2002)

Microelectrode arrays fabricated for monitoring single and multi-neuronal action potentials often fail to record from the same population of neurons over a period of time. The number of recorded neurons tends to decrease due to micromotion of neurons away from the microelectrode, gliosis around the recording site and also brain movement due to behavior. We report here for the first time, a novel electrostatic microactuator based positioning system that will enable chronic tracking of single neurons. The electrostatic microactuators are fabricated using the SUMMiT/spl trade/ (Sandia's Ultraplanar Multilevel MEMS Technology) process, a 5-layer polysilicon micromachining technology of the Sandia National Labs, NM. The microfabricated microactuators enable precise positioning of microelectrodes in the brain and subsequently upon implantation track specific neurons with minimal behavioral hindrance. The micropositioning system has been designed for chronic precision electrophysiology in rodents. We believe however, that this system will greatly enable precision monitoring and intervention during brain function and dysfunction.
CD28 expression is not essential for positive and negative selection of thymocytes or peripheral T cell tolerance (1996)

Thymocyte development requires positive selection of clones that can recognize Ag presented by MHC molecules and negative selection of clones that are self-reactive. However, the costimulatory signals required for negative selection and cell death, or positive selection and the transition to the peripheral lymphoid system, are not well understood. Many molecular interactions that are important for T cell activation have also been found to play a role in thymocyte development. The importance of the CD28/B7 interaction in the activation of mature T cells and recent observations that CD28 may play a role negative selection of developing CD4+CD8+ thymocytes suggest that CD28 may also be involved in development and maintenance of T cell tolerance. CD28-deficient mice were crossed to alpha beta and gamma delta TCR transgenic as well as H-2k Mlsc-bearing animals and were used to address the role of CD28 in positive and negative selection of developing T cells. The CD28-deficient animals demonstrated no obvious deficiency in either positive or negative selection of developing thymocytes. However, when mixed bone marrow chimeras were created with cells derived from both CD28-deficient and wild-type mice, the CD28+ T cells had a selective advantage over the CD28-deficient T cells. Therefore, it appears that CD28, although not essential for the selection of T cells during development, may allow for additional signals that increase the efficiency of selection and/or expansion of peripheral T cell populations.
Investigation of time-of-flight benefit for fully 3-DPET (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to determine the benefit that can be achieved in image quality for a time-of-flight (TOF) fully three-dimensional (3-D) whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. We simulate a 3-D whole-body time-of-flight PET scanner with a complete modeling of spatial and energy resolutions. The scanner is based on LaBr3 Anger-logic detectors with which 300ps timing resolution has been achieved. Multiple simulations were performed for 70-cm long uniform cylinders with 27-cm and 35-cm diameters, containing hot spheres (22, 17, 13, and 10-mm diameter) in a central slice and 10-mm diameter hot spheres in a slice at 1/4 axial FOV. Image reconstruction was performed with a list-mode iterative TOF algorithm and data were analyzed after attenuation and scatter corrections for timing resolutions of 300, 600, 1000 ps and non-TOF for varying count levels. The results show that contrast recovery improves slightly with TOF (NEMA NU2-2001 analysis), and improved timing resolution leads to a faster convergence to the maximum contrast value. Detectability for 10-mm diameter hot spheres estimated using a nonprewhitening matched filter (NPW SNR) also improves nonlinearly with TOF. The gain in image quality using contrast and noise measures is proportional to the object diameter and inversely proportional to the timing resolution of the scanner. The gains in NPW SNR are smaller, but they also increase with increasing object diameter and improved timing resolution. The results show that scan times can be reduced in a TOF scanner to achieve images similar to those from a non-TOF scanner, or improved image quality achieved for same scan times.
Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System (2018)

The biological effects of cannabinoids, the major constituents of the ancient medicinal plant <i>Cannabis sativa</i> (marijuana) are mediated by two members of the G-protein coupled receptor family, cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2. The CB1R is the prominent subtype in the central nervous system (CNS) and has drawn great attention as a potential therapeutic avenue in several pathological conditions, including neuropsychological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, cannabinoids also modulate signal transduction pathways and exert profound effects at peripheral sites. Although cannabinoids have therapeutic potential, their psychoactive effects have largely limited their use in clinical practice. In this review, we briefly summarized our knowledge of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, focusing on the CB1R and the CNS, with emphasis on recent breakthroughs in the field. We aim to define several potential roles of cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of signaling pathways and in association with several pathophysiological conditions. We believe that the therapeutic significance of cannabinoids is masked by the adverse effects and here alternative strategies are discussed to take therapeutic advantage of cannabinoids.
A mixed c-means clustering model (2002)

We justify the need for computing both membership and typicality values when clustering unlabeled data. Then we propose a new model called fuzzy-possibilistic c-means (FPCM). Unlike the fuzzy and possibilistic c-means (FCM/PCM) models, FPCM simultaneously produces both memberships and possibilities, along with the usual point prototypes or cluster centers for each cluster We show that FPCM solves the noise sensitivity defect of FCM, and also overcomes the coincident clusters problem of PCM. Then we derive first order necessary conditions for extrema of the PFCM objective function, and use them as the basis for a standard alternating optimization approach to finding local minima. Three numerical examples are given that compare FCM to FPCM. Our calculations show that FPCM compares favorably to FCM.
3D Verification of Dynamic and Breathing Adapted Radiotherapy using Polymer Gel Dosimetry (2010)

Polymer gel dosimetry has been used since the 1990s, and several studies have shown that this detector system can be used for verification of static absorbed dose distributions in three dimensions (3D). Its unique properties, such as high resolution, normal tissue equivalence and independency of energy, field size and direction of the incident radiation, should also be advantageous for dosimetric verification of radiotherapy using today’s and tomorrow’s dynamic delivery techniques. However, unfavourable properties have also been reported, such as dose rate-, temperature-, oxygen contamination-, and cooling rate dependencies. It has been shown in this thesis that these shortcomings can be overcome by using a good practice strategy, and that results can be obtained with an uncertainty comparable to other detector systems. Modern dynamic treatment techniques such as for example breathing adapted radiotherapy have created a need for dosimetry during motion, which poses new challenges. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the performance of polymer gel dosimetry in such situations. For comparison, measurements using 1D, 2D and quasi-3D detector systems, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, were used to validate the results obtained using gel dosimetry. The absorbed dose integrating property during fractionated irradiation delivery was investigated for two different polymer gel systems. A fractionation dependency was observed, especially pronounced for one of the systems. This effect was further investigated using compartment modelling. The results indicated that the dose response was approximately independent of the fractionation scheme, provided that the total absorbed dose was delivered during the same total delivery time. Under respiratory-like motion no influence of the dose rate variation related to motion in and out of the beam was observed. Full 3D absorbed dose verifications were also carried out for advanced delivery techniques involving simultaneous beam intensity modulation and gantry rotation around the patient, so called volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Using both gel measurements and Monte Carlo simulations it was successfully demonstrated that the VMAT plan was both accurately calculated and delivered as planned. Additionally, the performance of a tumour-tracking system during VMAT delivery was investigated. The dosimetric measurements, obtained using both gel and a bi-planar diode array, verified the improved dose conformity when enabling the target tracking system. In this thesis the unique 3D properties of gel dosimetry were fully utilized, and the known uncertainties were minimized in every step of the procedure. It was shown that polymer gel is a useful tool for relative 3D dosimetry in dynamic and breathing adaptive radiotherapy.
Diels-Alder reactions in nonaqueous polar solvents. Kinetic effects of chaotropic and antichaotropic agents and of .beta.-cyclodextrin (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiels-Alder reactions in nonaqueous polar solvents. Kinetic effects of chaotropic and antichaotropic agents and of .beta.-cyclodextrinRonald. Breslow and Tao. GuoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5613–5617Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1590Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variable field-of-view visible and near-infrared polarization compound-eye endoscope (2012)

A multi-functional compound-eye endoscope enabling variable field-of-view and polarization imaging as well as extremely deep focus is presented, which is based on a compact compound-eye camera called TOMBO (thin observation module by bound optics). Fixed and movable mirrors are introduced to control the field of view. Metal-wire-grid polarizer thin film applicable to both of visible and near-infrared lights is attached to the lenses in TOMBO and light sources. Control of the field-of-view, polarization and wavelength of the illumination realizes several observation modes such as three-dimensional shape measurement, wide field-of-view, and close-up observation of the superficial tissues and structures beneath the skin.
Bisphosphonates Alendronate and Ibandronate Inhibit Artery Calcification at Doses Comparable to Those That Inhibit Bone Resorption (2001)

Abstract —The present experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that artery calcification is linked to bone resorption by determining whether the selective inhibition of bone resorption with the bisphosphonates alendronate and ibandronate will inhibit artery calcification. Artery calcification was first induced by treatment of 42-day-old male rats with warfarin, a procedure that inhibits the γ-carboxylation of matrix Gla protein and has been shown to cause extensive calcification of the artery media within 2 weeks. These experiments revealed that ibandronate (0.05 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) and alendronate (0.1 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) completely inhibited calcification of all arteries and heart valves examined after 2 and 4 weeks of warfarin treatment. A 10-fold lower dose of alendronate reduced artery calcification by 50% ( P <0.005). These bisphosphonate doses are comparable to those that inhibit bone resorption in rats of this age. More rapid artery calcification was induced by treatment with warfarin together with high doses of vitamin D, a procedure that causes extensive artery calcification by 84 hours. Alendronate and ibandronate again completely inhibited calcification of all arteries and heart valves examined. The subcutaneous doses of alendronate and ibandronate necessary to inhibit artery calcification are comparable to the daily subcutaneous doses of these drugs that have previously been shown to inhibit bone resorption in rats of the same age, with 50% inhibition of artery calcification at 20 μg alendronate · kg −1 · d −1 and at 1 μg ibandronate · kg −1 · d −1 . Bisphosphonate treatment did not affect serum calcium and phosphate, and so the inhibition of artery calcification cannot be due to a simple lowering of the serum calcium phosphate ion product. We conclude that bisphosphonates inhibit the calcification of arteries and heart valves at doses comparable to the doses that inhibit bone resorption. These results support the hypothesis that artery calcification is linked to bone resorption. The mechanism of this linkage remains to be established, however, and an alternative explanation for the present results is also considered.
Tin (IV) Oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) Modifed LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Synthesis of positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIB) plays a major role in battery performance. In this study, we first investigated the effect of chelating agents and calcination temperature on the production of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 cathode material. Then, by using mechanical mixing and sol-gel methods, tin oxide was introduced in the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 powder to enhance the electrochemical performance. The effects of chelating agents (citric acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid), calcination temperature (600-800 °C, @10 hours) and the tin oxide presence on the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmmett and Teller (BET) analyses. Galvonastatic tests were performed in between 3-4.2 V at various C rates (0.2, 0.5, 1C).The powders produced by using adipic acid as chelating agent at 700 °C showed higher capacity and better electrochemical properties than those of powders synthesized by oxalic and citric acid. And sol-gel modified powders had higher initial capacity and better capacity retention than the mechanically modified and the bare powders. Sol-gel modified powders had more stable cycle characteristic and they had not shown immediate capacity fall even at higher C rates where they kept their capacity above 140 mAh/g even after 50 cycles.
Towards a Holistic Paradigm of Art Education Art Education: Mind, Body, Spirit (2006)

The immodest ambition of holistic education is to elevate behavior to the degree that the whole and integrated person appears as they address their work and their life work. Holism posits that at any moment in time we are the sum total of the prevailing states of our mind, body and spirit. This is the dynamic phenomenon, the being who is actively engaged in creating their life moment by moment, and their art, project by project. It is therefore addressing and ultimately integrating mind, body, and spirit, that holistic art education is after, and it is a holistic approach to educa tion that we employ. Authentic, creative under takings, serious artistic engagements, provide a perfect model of holistic activity in that at their fullest, the artist engages the fullest array of their attributes; their mind, body, and spirit. Teaching art via a holistic approach therefore can provide an exquisite instrumentality for ad dressing the high and critical ambition of elevat ing behavior to the degree that the whole and integrated person appears, who is the neces sary precursor to the whole and integrated soci ety. This article describes in an overview format what is intended by mind, body, and spirit as they appear in general education and in par ticular art education. The article also describes antecedents of holistic approaches in art teach ing and current examples of the same in the preparation of artists in many art forms and from many cultures.
Effects of Supercritical Water in Vacuum Residue Upgrading (2009)

Vacuum residue (VR) upgrading was conducted in the environment of supercritical water (SCW) without oxygen addition in an attempt to yield a maximum of light oil. Simulated distillation of the liquid products from a set of orthogonal experiments shows that temperature should not be too high to restrict coke formation, and the most beneficial condition is found at (1) 420 °C for the temperature, (2) 0.15 g/cm3 for the water density, (3) 2 g/g for the H2O/oil ratio, and (4) 1 h for the reaction time. A simultaneous increase of the water density and H2O/oil would significantly improve the cracking behavior and the yield in light oil. Scattered coke particles between 10 and 100 μm were generated from VR cracking, which suggests the dispersion effect of SCW. The infrared spectrum analysis has indicated an increase in the H/C atomic ratio in the liquid product, which implies that hydrogen is generated from the condensation reactions rather than from water because no oxygen-containing group was detected.
Indoor navigation with smartphone-based visual SLAM and Bluetooth-connected wheel-robot (2013)

A smartphone-based positioning system suitable for indoor robot application is developed in this research by integrating image and other sensors on a smartphone with wheel odometer feedback from a Bluetooth-connected robot vehicle. WiFi signal, inertial sensors, and CMOS sensor in the smartphone were considered to provide measurements for positioning calculations. The real-time performances of SIFT, SURF, and ORB image feature detection and tracking algorithms are compared in the smartphone and ORB was chosen for implementation. Experimental result of Visual SLAM positioning is presented together with state convergence analysis.
Strain-tunable silicon photonic band gap microcavities in optical waveguides (2004)

We report the design, device fabrication, and measurements of tunable silicon photonic band gap microcavities in optical waveguides, using direct application of piezoelectric-induced strain to the photonic crystal. We show, through first-order perturbation computations and experimental measurements, a 1.54 nm shift in cavity resonances at 1.56 μm wavelengths for an applied strain of 0.04%. The strain is applied through integrated piezoelectric microactuators. For operation at infrared wavelengths, we combine x-ray and electron-beam lithography with thin-film piezoelectric processing. This level of integration permits realizable silicon-based photonic chip devices, such as high-density optical filters, with active reconfiguration.