gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platination of the (T<sub>2</sub>G<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Telomeric Sequence:  A Structural and Cross-Linking Study (2001)

The telomeric sequence (T(2)G(4))(4) was platinated in aqueous solutions containing 50 mM LiClO(4), NaClO(4), or KClO(4). The identification of the guanines which reacted with [Pt(NH(3))(3)(H(2)O)](2+) revealed that the same type of folding exists in the presence of the three cations and that the latter determine the relative stabilities of the G-quadruplex structures in the order K(+) > Na(+) >> Li(+). The tri-ammine complex yielded ca. 40--90% of adducts, mono- and poly-platinated, bound to 4 guanines out of the 16 guanines in the sequence, in the decreasing amounts G9 > G15 >> G3 > G21. The formation of these adducts was interpreted with a G-quadruplex structure obtained by restrained molecular dynamics (rMD) simulations which confirms the schematic model proposed by Williamson et al. [(1989) Cell 59, 871--880]. The bifunctional complexes cis- and trans-[Pt(NH(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) also first reacted with G9 and G15 and gave cross-linked adducts between two guanines, which did not exceed 5% each of the products formed. Both the cis and trans isomers formed a G3-G15 platinum chelate, and the second also formed bis-chelates at both ends of the G-quadruplex structure: G3-G15/G9-G21 and G3-G15/G9-G24. The rMD simulations showed that the cross-linking reactions by the trans complex can occur without disturbing the stacking of the three G-quartets.
Lengthening the Day: A History of Lighting Technology (1998)

Introduction. EARLY LIGHTING. Primitive lights. Advanced oil lamps. Gas flames. Limelight. THE FIRST ELECTRIC LIGHTING. A new kind of light. The electric arc. Inventors of the filament lamp. Commercial development of the filament lamp. Early discharge lamps. The Nernst lamp. RIVALS TO ELECTRICITY. The gas mantle. Miscellaneous lamps. MODERN LIGHTING. Metal filament lamps. Lighting the home. Continuing research. Discharge and fluorescent lighting. Lighting the world. What next?. Epilogue. Index
A methodological error in bioethics. (1992)

The author closely examines a flaw in the reasoning used in some studies performed in the field of medical ethics. Firstly, he defines this flaw using analysis of certain cases where the wrong reasons are put forward to defend a moral position -- the person defending a theory or idea uses the wrong reasons which are not arguments confirming the theory upheld but instead are unrelated to the latter. The author then describes several cases. He cites examples of ethical problems where such a flaw in reasoning is present: problems related to vaccination, experiments involving animals, vegetarians' and Jehovah's Witnesses' attitudes, etc. In concluding, the author emphasizes that the arguments put forward in favour of a moral theme must be arguments which are moral and in some cases legal or metaphysical, but not scientific as the question is not scientific -- instead, it is moral.
Reconstructing requirements coverage views from design and test using traceability recovery via LSI (2005)

Requirements coverage views can help validate that all requirements are implemented in the system. This is not a trivial process. In this paper we present a method for generating requirements coverage views. To do this, information needs to be gathered from multiple sources in the development process. A traceability model defines the development work products and links that are required to generate the coverage views. Retrieving this information is done by using Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI). The method is applied in a lab study, Pacman, of which the preliminary results are also presented in this paper.
The intersection of EGFR and the Ras signaling pathway (2008)

EGFR is a survival factor for a variety of cancer cell types. The mechanism by which EGFR is regulated and the downstream mediators of EGFR that regulate cell survival are the subjects of ongoing research. Here we highlight one important aspect of EGFR signaling, the bi-directional interaction between EGFR and Ras. We discuss the mechanistic basis for this interaction, its implications for cell biology, and its potential importance as a target for cancer therapy.
Molecular patterns of X chromosome-linked color vision genes among 134 men of European ancestry. (1989)

We used Southern blot hybridization to study X chromosome-linked color vision genes encoding the apoproteins of red and green visual pigments in 134 unselected Caucasian men. One hundred and thirteen individuals (84.3%) had a normal arrangement of their color vision pigment genes. All had one red pigment gene; the number of green pigment genes ranged from one to five with a mode of two. The frequency of molecular genotypes indicative of normal color vision (84.3%) was significantly lower than had been observed in previous studies of color vision phenotypes. Color vision defects can be due to deletions of red or green pigment genes or due to formation of hybrid genes comprising portions of both red and green pigment genes [Nathans, J., Piantanida, T.P., Eddy, R.L., Shows, T.B., Jr., & Hogness, D.S. (1986) Science 232, 203-210]. Characteristic anomalous patterns were seen in 15 (11.2%) individuals: 7 (5.2%) had patterns characteristic of deuteranomaly (mild defect in green color perception), 2 (1.5%) had patterns characteristic of deuteranopia (severe defect in green color perception), and 6 (4.5%) had protan patterns (the red perception defects protanomaly and protanopia cannot be differentiated by current molecular methods). Previously undescribed hybrid gene patterns consisting of both green and red pigment gene fragments in addition to normal red and green genes were observed in another 6 individuals (4.5%). Only 2 of these patterns were considered as deuteranomalous. Thus, DNA testing detected anomalous color vision pigment genes at a higher frequency than expected from phenotypic color vision tests. Some color vision gene arrays associated with hybrid genes are likely to mediate normal color vision.
Pharmacological characterization of a novel cell line expressing human <i>α</i><sub>4</sub><i>β</i><sub>3</sub><i>δ</i> GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors (2002)

1: The pharmacology of the stable cell line expressing human alpha(4)beta(3)delta GABA(A) receptor was investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. 2: alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptors exhibited increased sensitivity to GABA when compared to alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) receptors, with EC(50)'s of 0.50 (0.46, 0.53) microM and 2.6 (2.5, 2.6) microM respectively. Additionally, the GABA partial agonists piperidine-4-sulphonate (P4S) and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisothiazolo-[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP) displayed markedly higher efficacy at alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptors, indeed THIP demonstrated greater efficacy than GABA at these receptors. 3: The delta subunit conferred slow desensitization to GABA, with rate constants of 4.8+/-0.5 s for alpha(4)beta(3)delta and 2.5+/-0.2 s for alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2). However, both P4S and THIP demonstrated similar levels of desensitization on both receptor subtypes suggesting this effect is agonist specific. 4: alpha(4)beta(3)delta and alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) demonstrated equal sensitivity to inhibition by the cation zinc (2-3 microM IC(50)). However, alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptors demonstrated greater sensitivity to inhibition by lanthanum. The IC(50) for GABA antagonists SR-95531 and picrotoxin, was similar for alpha(4)beta(3)delta and alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2). Likewise, inhibition was observed on both subtypes at high and low pH. 5: alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptors were insensitive to modulation by benzodiazepine ligands. In contrast Ro15-4513 and bretazenil potentiated GABA responses on alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) cells, and the inverse agonist DMCM showed allosteric inhibition of alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) receptors. 6: The efficacy of neurosteroids at alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptors was greatly enhanced over that observed at alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) receptors. The greatest effect was observed using THDOC with 524+/-71.6% potentiation at alpha(4)beta(3)delta and 297.9+/-49.7% at alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) receptors. Inhibition by the steroid pregnenolone sulphate however, showed no subtype selectivity. The efficacy of both pentobarbitone and propofol was slightly augmented and etomidate greatly enhanced at alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptors versus alpha(4)beta(3)gamma(2) receptors. 7: We show that the alpha(4)beta(3)delta receptor has a distinct pharmacology and kinetic profile. With its restricted distribution within the brain and unique pharmacology this receptor may play an important role in the action of neurosteroids and anaesthetics. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 136, 965-974
Rf and Baseband Techniques for Software Defined Radio (2005)

Introduction--What is Software Defined Radio. The Requirements for Software-Defined Radio. The Benefits of Multi-Standard Terminals. Operational Requirements. Business Models for Software-Defined Radio. New Base Station and Network Architectures. Smart Antenna Systems. Projects and Sources of Information for Software-Defined Radio. Organization of the Text. References. Basic Architecture of a Software-Defined Radio--Ideal Software-Defined Radio Architecture. Required Hardware Specifications. Digital Aspects of a Software Radio. Current Technology Limitations. Impact of Superconducting Technologies on Software Defined Radio. References. Flexible RF Receiver Architectures--Introduction. Receiver Architecture Options. Implementation of a Digital Receiver. Multi-Band and General Coverage Systems. The Problem of the Duplexer. Achieving Image Reduction. Dynamic Range Enhancement. Influence of Phase-Noise on EVM for a Linear Transceiver. Relationship between EVM, PCDE, and Rho. References. Flexible Transmitters and PAS--Introduction. Differences in PA Requirements and for Base-Stations and Handsets. Basic Upconversion Architectures. Broadband Quadrate Techniques. Linearization Applied to Software Radio Transmitters. Power Amplifier Linearization Techniques. Transmitter Linearization Techniques. RF Synthesis Techniques. Power Efficiency. References.
Experimental Investigation of Optimal Adhesion of Mushroomlike Elastomer Microfibrillar Adhesives (2015)

Optimal fiber designs for the maximal pull-off force have been indispensable for increasing the attachment performance of recently introduced gecko-inspired reversible micro/nanofibrillar adhesives. There are several theoretical studies on such optimal designs; however, due to the lack of three-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques that can fabricate such optimal designs in 3D, there have not been many experimental investigations on this challenge. In this study, we benefitted from recent advances in two-photon lithography techniques to fabricate mushroomlike polyurethane elastomer fibers with different aspect ratios of tip to stalk diameter (β) and tip wedge angles (θ) to investigate the effect of these two parameters on the pull-off force. We found similar trends to those predicted theoretically. We found that β has an impact on the slope of the force-displacement curve while both β and θ play a role in the stress distribution and crack propagation. We found that these effects are coupled and the optimal set of parameters also depends on the fiber material. This is the first experimental verification of such optimal designs proposed for mushroomlike microfibers. This experimental approach could be used to evaluate a wide range of complex microstructured adhesive designs suggested in the literature and optimize them.
Cyanuric Acid and Cyanurates (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Stretching of Rolling Circle Amplification Products in a Flow‐Through System (2009)

Enzymatic isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) produces long concatemeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules if a small circular ssDNA molecule is applied as the template. A method is presented here in which the RCA reaction is carried out in a flow-through system, starting from isolated surface-tethered DNA primers. This approach combines gentle fluidic handling of the single-stranded RCA products, such as staining or stretching via a receding meniscus, with the option of simultaneous (fluorescence) microscopic observation. It is shown that the stretched and surface-attached RCA products are accessible for hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides, which demonstrates their addressability by complementary base pairing. The long RCA products should be well suited to bridge the gap between biomolecular nanoscale building-blocks and structures at the micro- and macroscale, especially at the single-molecule level presented here.
Image recovery in PET scanners with partial detector rings using compressive sensing (2012)

Most PET scanners consist of tightly packed discrete detector rings to improve scanner efficiency. Our aim in this paper was to investigate the possibility of reducing the number of detector elements per ring (introduce gaps) while maintaining image quality by employing compressed sensing (CS) techniques. A uniform Ge-68 phantom (20 cm diameter and length) was imaged on a D-RX PET/CT scanner twice; once with all detectors operational (gold standard) and once with 4 detector blocks at each of 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees turned off (partially sampled, 11 % off). Image recovery of the partially observed data was performed by minimizing the Total Variation (TV) of the derivatives of adjacent pixels in the image domain, while imposing a linear constraint of equity the product of system matrix and recovered image to the partially observed data. This minimization was repeated iteratively for a total of 100 iterations. The resultant corrected Image was then multiplied by the system matrix and the resultant sinogram was compared to the measured sinogram. In addition, the mean and maximum activity concentration in a ROI placed centrally over the phantom was computed between the resultant CS image, fully observed image (no gap- gold standard), and the partially sampled (with detector gap) image. The results of the CS recovery showed that the mean and maximum activity concentration difference in the recovered image was -0.74% and 2.27% respectively when compared to the gold standard while those for the partially observed images were 4.25% and 20%. Compressed sensing using TV approaches seems to be capable of generating accurate quantification of activity concentration from a partially sampled data set.
Thrombolytic potential of Ocimum sanctum L., Curcuma longa L., Azadirachta indica L. and Anacardium occidentale L. (2011)

Atherothrombotic diseases such as myocardial or cerebral infarction are serious consequences of the thrombus formed xin blood vessels. Thrombolytic agents are used to dissolve the already formed clots in the blood vessels; however, these drugs have certain limitations which cause serious and sometimes fatal consequences. Herbal preparations have been used since ancient times for the treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether herbal preparations possess thrombolytic activity or not. An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effect of four aqueous herbal extracts viz., O. sanctum, C. longa, A. indica, A. occidentale along with Streptokinase as a positive control and water as a negative control. The percentage (%) clot lysis was statistically significant (p<0.0001) when compared with vehicle control. Using an in vitro thrombolytic model, O. sanctum, C. longa, A. indica & A. occidentale showed moderate clot lysis activity (30.01 ± 6.168%, 32.94 ± 3.663%, 27.47 ± 6.943%, 33.79 ± 2.926% respectively) whereas standard streptokinase showed 86.2 ± 10.7 % clot lysis effect. From our study we found that all the herbs showed reasonable % of clot lysis. These herbal extracts possess thrombolytic properties that could lyse blood clots in vitro; however, in vivo clot dissolving properties and active component(s) of these extracts for clot lysis are yet to be discovered.
Measurements on alumina and glasses using a TM020 mode resonant cavity at 9.34 GHz (1972)

Small samples of dielectric, typically obtained from flat substrates, are conveniently prepared by slicing the substrate into rods with square cross-sections. The paper investigates a method for measuring the permittivities of dielectrics in this form, and gives the appropriate analysis for such rods in a TM020 mode cavity. A reliable check is provided by using samples with circular cross-sections, for which the analysis is fully established. For the glass samples, the agreement between the two methods is good, but, with alumina, problems arise owing to the anisotropic nature of the polycrystalline samples used. It is suggested that, when comparisons are made between different microwave techniques for permittivity measurements on polycrystalline alumina, further investigations are required on the distribution of crystallographic directions within the samples used.
Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma using immunohistochemical staining against hTERT (2009)

The differential diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma from benign adenoma is often difficult when its typical clinicopathological features are absent, even with the aid of various molecular markers. We recently demonstrated that telomerase activation through hTERT expression is a unique characteristic that is limited to parathyroid carcinoma and not seen in benign tumors. In the present study, we investigated hTERT expression in parathyroid tumors using immunohistochemistry in an attempt to determine its clinical utility. There was no evidence of immunoreactivity in the 4 normal parathyroid glands and the 18 typical adenomas. In contrast, one atypical adenoma stained positively and homogeneously, and the disease recurred three times clinically. All of the 6 carcinomas demonstrated a clear positive nuclear staining of hTERT. Every hTERT-positive tumor showed a high Ki-67 index, i.e., greater than 4%. Nucleolin, an hTERT-binding protein, was abundantly and homogeneously expressed in all specimens examined independent of the pathological diagnosis and hTERT or Ki-67 expression. Therefore, it is possible that immunostaining with an anti-hTERT antigen (NCL-L-hTERT) individually may distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from benign tumors.
Design of Compact, Lightweight Power Transmission Devices for Specialized High Power Applications (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The design of compact and lightweight power transmission devices was studied for specialized high power applications, including airborne with operating voltage fixed at 270 Volts and less than 30 meter length conductors. Only commercial-off-the-shelf components were considered for the design. It was found that by using superconducting wires operated at cryogenic temperatures instead of Cu conductors, a large increase of performance could be achieved; e.g. there is large reduction of heat loss; and for 5 MW-class or 20 kA power transmission there is a substantial reduction of weight of ∼ 80/kg per meter and an approximate 10x reduction of volume. A strong reduction of weight is achieved for &gt; 1000 Amp power transmission.</div>
A Hybrid V2X System for Safety-Critical Applications in VANET (2016)

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) using a connected-car technology can support safety-critical applications in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS). While WAVE/DSRC has been investigated by a number of researchers to support VANETs, it may not be easy to distribute WAVE/DSRC in the near future due to several practical obstacles. In this paper, we discuss an alternative to support V2X communication without using WAVE/DSRC. Therefore, we propose a novel hybrid system which incorporates a flexible mix of a cellular network and Wi-Fi Direct. Especially, to offload cellular traffic and alleviate additional cost, Wi-Fi Direct is used as a subsidiary method to enable communication by using local links without the help of infrastructure. Our proposed system provides 1) seamless connectivity and monitoring vehicles through a cellular network, 2) local data transmission through Wi-Fi Direct, and 3) solutions for reducing long connection establishment time of Wi-Fi Direct. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated in terms of the total discovery time and data usage in several scenarios in a real driving environment. Our preliminary results show a possibility of a smart mobile device-based approach for V2X communication.
Hyaluronic acid&ndash;nimesulide conjugates as anticancer drugs against CD44-overexpressing HT-29 colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo (2017)

Carrier-mediated drug delivery systems are promising therapeutics for targeted delivery and improved efficacy and safety of potent cytotoxic drugs. Nimesulide is a multifactorial cyclooxygenase 2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, antipyretic and potent anticancer properties; however, the low solubility of nimesulide limits its applications. Drugs conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) are innovative carrier-mediated drug delivery systems characterized by CD44-mediated endocytosis of HA and intracellular drug release. In this study, hydrophobic nimesulide was conjugated to HA of two different molecular weights (360 kDa as HA with high molecular weight [HAH] and 43kDa as HA with low molecular weight [HAL]) to improve its tumor-targeting ability and hydrophilicity. Our results showed that hydrogenated nimesulide (<i>N</i>-[4-amino-2-phenoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide) was successfully conjugated with both HA types by carbodiimide coupling and the degree of substitution of nimesulide was 1%, which was characterized by <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance 400 MHz and total correlation spectroscopy. Both Alexa Fluor<sup>®</sup> 647 labeled HAH and HAL could selectively accumulate in CD44-overexpressing HT-29 colorectal tumor area in vivo, as observed by in vivo imaging system. In the in vitro cytotoxic test, HA-nimesulide conjugate displayed >46% cell killing ability at a nimesulide concentration of 400 µM in HT-29 cells, whereas exiguous cytotoxic effects were observed on HCT-15 cells, indicating that HA-nimesulide causes cell death in CD44-overexpressing HT-29 cells. Regarding in vivo antitumor study, both HAL-nimesulide and HAH-nimesulide caused rapid tumor shrinkage within 3 days and successfully inhibited tumor growth, which reached 82.3% and 76.4% at day 24 through apoptotic mechanism in HT-29 xenografted mice, without noticeable morphologic differences in the liver or kidney, respectively. These results indicated that HA-nimesulide with improved selectivity through HA/CD44 receptor interactions has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of nimesulide for cancer treatment.
Two-dimensionally arranged 24-fiber optical connectors (2002)

We have developed a 24-fiber connector with 12 X 2 fiber arrangement for multimode fiber coupling using the same dimensions as the 12-fiber MT connector (7W X 3H X 8L), and thus have realized twice the fiber density.
The Incidence of Pediatric Cardiomyopathy in Two Regions of the United States (2004)

Survey of Anesthesiology: February 2004 - Volume 48 - Issue 1 - p 29-30 doi: 10.1097/01.sa.0000108449.59995.16
A PEDIATRIC PATIENT WITH CLASSICAL CITRULLINEMIA WHO UNDERWENT LIVING-RELATED PARTIAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2001)

Patients with inborn errors of metabolism undergo liver transplantation, but the effect of transplanting the liver of healthy carriers of these conditions has not been fully clarified. A 6-year-old girl with classical citrullinemia, who repeatedly suffered from hyperammonemia, underwent living-related liver transplantation by using a segment of the liver of her mother, who was a heterozygote carrier for classical citrullinemia. Hyperammonemia alleviated in the patient after the transplantation, thereby dramatically improving her quality of life. Although the levels of plasma and urinary citrulline remained high postoperatively, there was no marked difference in the level of plasma citrulline up to 1 month after surgery when compared with that of previously reported orthotopic liver transplantation cases with classical citrullinemia.