gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Hepatitis After Long-Term Methotrexate Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2011)

Methotrexate (MTX) therapy may be effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Potential liver toxicity of MTX exists, but the incidence of MTX-specific lesions in liver biopsy of patients with RA and elevated serum transaminase levels is rare; however, severe hepatic damage may occurs unexpectedly in these patients. We describe the first documented case of an adult patient with RA who developed an acute flare of severe hepatitis after long-term therapy with MTX. Autoantibodies positivity, elevated serum IgG levels and compatible liver biopsy findings prompted us to diagnose autoimmune hepatitis, most probably triggered by a breakdown of immune tolerance induced by MTX. A complete remission was achieved in this patient with corticosteroids therapy.
ISOLATION AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-LINEAGE MUTANTS OF THE NEMATODE <i>CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS</i> (1980)

Twenty-four mutants that alter the normally invariant post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated and genetically characterized. In some of these mutants, cell divisions fail that occur in wild-type animals; in other mutants, cells divide that do not normally do so. The mutants differ in the specificities of their defects, so that it is possible to identify mutations that affect some cell lineages but not others. These mutants define 14 complementation groups, which have been mapped. The abnormal phenotype of most of the cell-lineage mutants results from a single recessive mutation; however, the excessive cell divisions characteristic of one strain, CB1322, require the presence of two unlinked recessive mutations. All 24 cell-lineage mutants display incomplete penetrance and/or variable expressivity. Three of the mutants are suppressed by pleiotropic suppressors believed to be specific for null alleles, suggesting that their phenotypes result from the complete absence of gene activity.
Low‐complexity transcoding from H.264 to HEVC based on motion vector clustering (2013)

The forthcoming high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard substantially improves the coding efficiency compared with the H.264 standard. It also brings in much higher computational complexity. Transcoding from H.264 to HEVC is an important step to enable gradual migration to HEVC. A low‐complexity H.264 to HEVC transcoding algorithm based on motion vector clustering is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce up to 40% of the computational time compared to the original method, while maintaining a high rate‐distortion performance.
K<sup>+</sup> channel modulation in rodent neurohypophysial nerve terminals by sigma receptors and not by dopamine receptors (1999)

1. Sigma receptors bind a diverse group of chemically unrelated ligands, including pentazocine, apomorphine (a dopamine receptor agonist) and haloperidol (a dopamine receptor antagonist). Although sigma binding sites are widely distributed, their physiological roles are poorly understood. Here, the whole-terminal patch-clamp technique was used to demonstrate that sigma receptors modulate K+ channels in rodent neurohypophysis. 2. Previous work suggested that dopamine type 4 (D4) receptors modulate neurohypophysial K+ current, so this study initially tested the role of dopamine receptors. Experiments using transgenic mice lacking D2, D3 or D4 receptors indicated that the reduction of K+ current by PPHT and U101958 (ligands thought to be selective for dopamine receptors) is not mediated by dopamine receptors. The sensitivity of the response to U101958 (a drug that binds to D4 receptors) was the same in both wild-type and D4 receptor-deficient mice. 3. Experiments with other ligands revealed a pharmacological signature inconsistent with any known dopamine receptor. Furthermore, dopamine itself (at 100 microM) had no effect. Thus, despite the activity of a number of putative dopamine receptor ligands, dopamine receptors play no role in the modulation of neurohypophysial K+ channels. 4. Because of the negative results regarding dopamine receptors, and because some of the dopamine receptors ligands used here are known to bind also to sigma receptors, experiments were conducted to test for the involvement of sigma receptors. In rat neurohypophysis the sigma receptor ligands SKF10047, pentazocine, and ditolylguanidine all reversibly inhibited K+ current in a concentration-dependent fashion, as did haloperidol and apomorphine (ligands that bind to both dopamine and sigma receptors). The activity of these and other ligands tested here matches the reported binding specificity for sigma receptors. 5. Fifteen candidate endogenous sigma receptor ligands, including biogenic amines (e.g dopamine and serotonin), steroids (e.g. progesterone), and peptides (e.g. neuropeptide Y), were screened for activity at the sigma receptor. All were without effect. 6. Haloperidol reduced K+ current proportionally at all voltages without shifting the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Sigma receptor ligands inhibited current through two distinct K+ channels, the A-channel and the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel. In rat, all drugs reduced current through both channels proportionally, suggesting that both channels are modulated by a single population of sigma receptors. In contrast, mouse peptidergic nerve terminals either have two receptors which are sensitive to these drugs, or a single receptor that is differentially coupled to ion channel function. 7. The inhibition of voltage-activated K+ current by sigma receptors would be expected to enhance the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin from the neurohypophysis.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) bZIP Protein Interacts with the Cellular Transcription Factor CREB To Inhibit HTLV-1 Transcription (2006)

The complex human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) retrovirus encodes several proteins that are unique to the virus within its 3'-end region. Among them, the viral transactivator Tax and posttranscriptional regulator Rex are well characterized, and both positively regulate HTLV-1 viral expression. Less is known about the other regulatory proteins encoded in this region of the provirus, including the recently discovered HBZ protein. HBZ has been shown to negatively regulate basal and Tax-dependent HTLV-1 transcription through its ability to interact with specific basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. In the present study, we found that HBZ reduces HTLV-1 transcription and virion production. We then characterized the interaction between HBZ and the cellular transcription factor CREB. CREB plays a critical role in Tax-mediated HTLV-1 transcription by forming a complex with Tax that binds to viral cyclic AMP-response elements (CREs) located within the viral promoter. We found that HBZ and CREB interact in vivo and directly in vitro, and this interaction occurs through the bZIP domain of each protein. We also found that CREM-Ia and ATF-1, which share significant homology in their bZIP domains with the bZIP domain of CREB, interact with HBZ-bZIP. The interaction between CREB and HBZ prevents CREB binding to the viral CRE elements in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the reduction in HTLV-1 transcription by HBZ is partly due to the loss of CREB at the promoter. We also found that HBZ displaces CREB from a cellular CRE, suggesting that HBZ may deregulate CREB-dependent cellular gene expression.
Methotrexate analogs. 28. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new .gamma.-monoamides of aminopterin and methotrexate (1986)

Lipophilic gamma-monoamide derivatives of aminopterin (AMT) were synthesized in high overall yield from 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formylpteroic acid and gamma-N-tert-alkyl-, gamma-N-aralkyl-, or gamma-N-arylamides of alpha-benzyl L-glutamate via a modification of the mixed carboxylic-carbonic anhydride coupling method. Coupling was also accomplished with p-nitrophenyl 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formylpteroate. Compounds obtained in this manner included the gamma-tert-butylamide, gamma-(1-adamantylamide), gamma-benzylamide, gamma-(3,4-dichlorobenzylamide), gamma-(2,6-dichlorobenzylamide), gamma-anilide, gamma-(3,4-methylenedioxyanilide), and gamma-(3,4-dihydroxanilide) derivatives of AMT. Also prepared, from 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid via diethyl phosphorocyanidate coupling, was the gamma-(3,4-methylenedioxyanilide) of MTX. The methylenedioxyanilides were cleaved smoothly to dihydroxyanilides with boron tris(trifluoroacetate) in trifluoroacetic acid. All the gamma-monoamides were tested as inhibitors of purified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from murine L1210 leukemia cells and as inhibitors of the growth of wild-type L1210 cells and a subline (L1210/R81) with high-level resistance to MTX and AMT based mainly on a defect in drug uptake via active transport. Several compounds were also tested against human leukemic lymphoblasts (CEM cells) and a resistant subline (CEM/MTX) whose resistance is likewise based on uptake. The IC50 of the gamma-monoamides against DHFR was 1.5- to 5-fold higher than that of the parent acids, but the IC50 against cultured cells varied over a much broader range, suggesting that uptake and/or metabolism rather than DHFR binding are principal determinants of in vitro growth inhibitory activity for these compounds. gamma-N-Aryl and gamma-N-aralkyl derivatives appeared to be more potent than gamma-N-tert-alkyl derivatives. Where comparison could be made, AMT gamma-monoamides were more potent than MTX gamma-monoamides. Several of the gamma-monoamides showed potency comparable to that of the parent acid against wild-type L1210 and CEM cells; all of them were more potent than MTX against the L1210/R81 subline; and some of the AMT gamma-monoamides were also more potent than the parent acid against resistant CEM/MTX cells. As a group, however, the gamma-monoamides were considerably more active against the murine cells than against the human cells, suggesting that the former may take up the amides better or may be able to metabolize them more efficiently than the parent acids. All the gamma-monoamides were tested in vivo against L1210 leukemia in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Developmental Expression of Spectrins in Rat Skeletal Muscle (1998)

Skeletal muscle contains spectrin (or spectrin I) and fodrin (or spectrin II), members of the spectrin supergene family. We used isoform-specific antibodies and cDNA probes to investigate the molecular forms, developmental expression, and subcellular localization of the spectrins in skeletal muscle of the rat. We report that beta-spectrin (betaI) replaces beta-fodrin (betaII) at the sarcolemma as skeletal muscle fibers develop. As a result, adult muscle fibers contain only alpha-fodrin (alphaII) and the muscle isoform of beta-spectrin (betaISigma2). By contrast, other types of cells present in skeletal muscle tissue, including blood vessels and nerves, contain only alpha- and beta-fodrin. During late embryogenesis and early postnatal development, skeletal muscle fibers contain a previously unknown form of spectrin complex, consisting of alpha-fodrin, beta-fodrin, and the muscle isoform of beta-spectrin. These complexes associate with the sarcolemma to form linear membrane skeletal structures that otherwise resemble the structures found in the adult. Our results suggest that the spectrin-based membrane skeleton of muscle fibers can exist in three distinct states during development.
Single-Molecule Optical Detection, Imaging and Spectroscopy Edited by T. Basche, W. E. Moerner, M. Orrit, and U. P. Wild. Wiley/VCH:  New York. 1997. $198.00. xiv + 250 pp. ISBN 3-527-29316-7. (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTSingle-Molecule Optical Detection, Imaging and Spectroscopy Edited by T. Basche, W. E. Moerner, M. Orrit, and U. P. Wild. Wiley/VCH: New York. 1997. $198.00. xiv + 250 pp. ISBN 3-527-29316-7.Shuming NieView Author Information Indiana University at BloomingtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 32, 8289–8290Publication Date (Web):July 3, 1998Publication History Published online3 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja975696jCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (26 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Absorption,Lasers,Molecules,Spectroscopy,Ultrasensitive detection Get e-Alerts
A Perspective on the Revival of Structural (In) Stability With Novel Opportunities for Function: From Buckliphobia to Buckliphilia (2015)

Buckling of slender structures is traditionally regarded as a first route toward failure. Here, we provide an alternative perspective on a burgeoning movement where mechanical instabilities are exploited to devise new classes of functional mechanisms that make use of the geometrically nonlinear behavior of their postbuckling regimes. Selected examples are highlighted across length-scales to illustrate some of the exciting opportunities that lie ahead.
Proteomics‐based generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human liver mitochondrial proteins (2005)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have the potential to be a very powerful tool in proteomics research to determine protein expression, quantification, localization and modification, as well as protein-protein interactions, especially when combined with microarray technology. Thus, a large amount of well-characterized and highly qualified antibodies are needed in proteomics. Purified antigen, which is not always available, has proven to be one of the rate-limiting steps in mAb large-scale generation. Here we describe our strategies to establish a murine hybridoma cell bank for human liver mitochondria using unknown native proteins as the immunogens. The antibody-recognized mitochondrial proteins were identified by MS following immunoprecipitation (IP), and by screening of human liver cDNA expression library. We found that the established antibodies reacted specifically with a number of important enzymes in mitochondria. The subcellular localization of these antigens in mitochondria was further confirmed by immunohistocytochemistry. A panel of antibodies was also tested for their ability to capture and deplete the targeting proteins and complexes from the total mitochondrial proteins. We believe these well-characterized antibodies would be useful in various applications for Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) when the scale of this hybridoma cell bank is enlarged significantly in the near future.
Computer identification of musical instruments using pattern recognition with cepstral coefficients as features (1999)

Cepstral coefficients based on a constant Q transform have been calculated for 28 short (1-2 s) oboe sounds and 52 short saxophone sounds. These were used as features in a pattern analysis to determine for each of these sounds comprising the test set whether it belongs to the oboe or to the sax class. The training set consisted of longer sounds of 1 min or more for each of the instruments. A k-means algorithm was used to calculate clusters for the training data, and Gaussian probability density functions were formed from the mean and variance of each of the clusters. Each member of the test set was then analyzed to determine the probability that it belonged to each of the two classes; and a Bayes decision rule was invoked to assign it to one of the classes. Results have been extremely good and are compared to a human perception experiment identifying a subset of these same sounds.
Gene Interactions in Maize Affecting Endosperm Properties<sup>1</sup> (1958)

Synopsis The action and interaction of 5 genes, ae, du, su 1 , su 2 , and wx , conditioned amylose percentages in starch ranging from 0 to over 70%. Combinations of du, su 2 , and su 2 , which increased amylose content in a normal background, decreased amylose content in a homozygous ae background, and produced no amylose in a wx background. The five genes conditioned specific birefringence end‐point temperatures of endosperm starch and clear cut epistatic relationships in combination. End‐point temperatures were not related to amylose content.
Terrain-based mapping of landslide susceptibility using a geographical information system: a case study (2001)

This paper deals with the development of a technique for mapping landslide susceptibility using a geographical information system (GIS), with particular reference to landslides on natural terrain. The method has been applied to Lantau Island, the largest outlying island within the territory of Hong Kong. Landslide susceptibility in the study area is related to a number of terrain variables, viz., lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, land cover, and distance to drainage line. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to generate the principal axes that are linear combinations of these terrain variables using occurrence data of landslides and terrain variables. A GIS is used to project the values of the principal axes, and subsequently to relate these principal axes to landslide susceptibility by logistic regression modeling. The spatial landslide susceptibility response in the study area can then be obtained by applying this logistic regression model to the study area. The results from this study indicate that such a GIS-based model is useful and suitable for the scale adopted in this study.Key words: landslides, geographical information systems, multiple correspondence analysis, logistic regression, terrain analysis.
Loperamide: A positive modulator for store-operated calcium channels? (1997)

The depletion of inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular pools of calcium causes activation of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels. Loperamide at 10-30 microM has no effect on intracellular calcium levels alone, but augments calcium levels in cultured cells when SOC channels have been activated. In HL-60 leukemic cells, the apparent positive modulatory effect of loperamide on SOC channels occurs when these channels have been activated after ATP, thapsigargin, or ionomycin-elicited depletion of calcium from intracellular storage sites. Loperamide has no effect when levels of intracellular calcium are elevated through a mechanism not involving SOC channels by using sphingosine. Loperamide caused augmentation of intracellular calcium levels after activation of SOC channels in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, astrocytoma 1321N cells, smooth muscle DDT-MF2 cells, RBL-2H3 mast cells, and pituitary GH4C1 cells. Only in astrocytoma cells did loperamide cause an elevation in intracellular calcium in the absence of activation of SOC channels. The augmentation of intracellular calcium elicited by loperamide in cultured cells was dependent on extracellular calcium and was somewhat resistant to agents (SKF 96365, miconazole, clotrimazole, nitrendipine, and trifluoperazine) that in the absence of loperamide effectively blocked SOC channels. It appears that loperamide augments influx of calcium through activated SOC channels.
Magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of (CoFeB)100−xCrx thin films (1979)

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of sputtered Co79Fe6.5B14.5 amorphous thin films, which were found to have magnetic properties superior to those of permalloy films with respect to magnetic device applications, up to 15 at.% Cr was alloyed to the Co74Fe6B20-target material. The resultant compositions of the r.f. bias sputtered films were (Co79Fe6.5B14.5)100−xCrx with x up to 15 at.%. As deposited films exhibit an increasing amount of perpendicular anisotropy with increasing Cr-content, which could not be reduced by hard axis field annealed at 250 °C. Anisotropy fields as high as 1000 Oe were measured parallel to the film plane. The dependence of the saturation magnetization, of the electrical resistivity, and of the coercivity on the Cr-content as well as the formation of the strong perpendicular anisotropy indicates that a transition from the amorphous to a microcrystalline state occurs mainly between 4 and 7.5% Cr. Due to the crystallization which is not detectable by x-ray diffraction, the corrosion resistance of CoFeB could not be improved by the addition of Cr.
Human subtelomeric duplicon structure and organization (2007)

Identification of a class of duplicon blocks that is subtelomere-specific will facilitate high-resolution analysis of subtelomere repeat copy number variation as well as studies involving somatic subtelomere rearrangements. The significant levels of nucleotide sequence divergence within many duplicon families as well as the differential organization of duplicon blocks on subtelomere alleles may provide opportunities for allele-specific subtelomere marker development; this is especially true for subterminal regions, where divergence and organizational differences are the greatest. These subterminal sequence families comprise the immediate cis-elements for (TTAGGG)n tracts, and are prime candidates for subtelomeric sequences regulating telomere-specific (TTAGGG)n tract length in humans.
The synthesis and mass spectra of 3-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzoxazepine and related compounds (1971)

3-Hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzoxazepine and some related compounds have been synthesised. Attempts to prepare 3-chloro derivatives resulted in ring contraction. Mass spectral studies on these compounds confirmed their structure.
Guided Brain Operations: Methodological and Clinical Developments in Stereotactic Surgery Contributions to the Physiology of Subcortical Structures (1982)

A Karger 'Publishing Highlights 1890-2015' title Spiegel who developed with Wycis the first human stereotactic instrument sums up the developement of the field and technique in his monograph.
Grey zone score for hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) is not associated with embryo implantation defects. (2002)

In contrast to HOST scores < 50% where extremely poor implantation rates are noted, grey zone scores have no clinical significance.
Cloaking of Matter Waves (2008)

Invariant transformation for quantum mechanical systems is proposed. A cloaking of matter wave can be realized at given energy by designing the potential and effective mass of the matter waves in the cloaking region. The general conditions required for such a cloaking are determined and confirmed by both the wave and particle (classical) approaches. We show that it may be possible to construct such a cloaking system for cold atoms using optical lattices.