gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defluviitoga tunisiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a mesothermic and anaerobic whey digester (2011)

Strain SulfLac1(T), a thermophilic, anaerobic and slightly halophilic, rod-shaped bacterium with a sheath-like outer structure (toga), was isolated from a whey digester in Tunisia. The strain's non-motile cells measured 3-30×1 µm and appeared singly, in pairs or as long chains. The novel strain reduced thiosulfate and elemental sulfur, but not sulfate or sulfite, into sulfide. It grew at 37-65 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-7.9 (optimum pH 6.9) and with 0.2-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). The G+C content of the strain's genomic DNA was 33.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SulfLac1(T) was most closely related to Petrotoga mobilis (91.4 % sequence similarity). Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain SulfLac1(T) represents a novel species of a new genus within the order Thermotogales, for which the name Defluviitoga tunisiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is SulfLac1(T) ( = DSM 23805(T) = JCM 17210(T)).
Large-Scale Analysis of Formations in Soccer (2013)

Due to the demand for better and deeper analysis in sports, organizations (both professional teams and broadcasters) are looking to use spatiotemporal data in the form of player tracking information to obtain an advantage over their competitors. However, due to the large volume of data, its unstructured nature, and lack of associated team activity labels (e.g. strategic/tactical), effective and efficient strategies to deal with such data have yet to be deployed. A bottleneck restricting such solutions is the lack of a suitable representation (i.e. ordering of players) which is immune to the potentially infinite number of possible permutations of player orderings, in addition to the high dimensionality of temporal signal (e.g. a game of soccer last for 90 mins). Leveraging a recent method which utilizes a "role-representation", as well as a feature reduction strategy that uses a spatiotemporal bilinear basis model to form a compact spatiotemporal representation. Using this representation, we find the most likely formation patterns of a team associated with match events across nearly 14 hours of continuous player and ball tracking data in soccer. Additionally, we show that we can accurately segment a match into distinct game phases and detect highlights. (i.e. shots, corners, free-kicks, etc) completely automatically using a decision-tree formulation.
Death-associated protein kinase 1 has a critical role in aberrant tau protein regulation and function (2014)

The presence of tangles composed of phosphorylated tau is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau, a microtubule (MT)-associated protein, accumulates in AD potentially as a result of posttranslational modifications, such as hyperphosphorylation and conformational changes. However, it has not been fully understood how tau accumulation and phosphorylation are deregulated. In the present study, we identified a novel role of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) in the regulation of the tau protein. We found that hippocampal DAPK1 expression is markedly increased in the brains of AD patients compared with age-matched normal subjects. DAPK1 overexpression increased tau protein stability and phosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites. In contrast, inhibition of DAPK1 by overexpression of a DAPK1 kinase-deficient mutant or by genetic knockout significantly decreased tau protein stability and abolished its phosphorylation in cell cultures and in mice. Mechanistically, DAPK1-enhanced tau protein stability was mediated by Ser71 phosphorylation of Pin1, a prolyl isomerase known to regulate tau protein stability, phosphorylation, and tau-related pathologies. In addition, inhibition of DAPK1 kinase activity significantly increased the assembly of MTs and accelerated nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth. Given that DAPK1 has been genetically linked to late onset AD, these results suggest that DAPK1 is a novel regulator of tau protein abundance, and that DAPK1 upregulation might contribute to tau-related pathologies in AD. Therefore, we offer that DAPK1 might be a novel therapeutic target for treating human AD and other tau-related pathologies.
Antialiasing by Gaussian integration (1996)

The antialiasing method presented is based on Gaussian integration rather than Fourier spectrum analysis; it views aliasing as a general integral approximating a sampled function instead of a signal reconstruction problem. In this way, we can use classical numerical analysis to study the problem.
A Varactor Tuned Branch-Line Hybrid Coupler (2006)

This paper introduces a novel branch-line 90/spl deg/ hybrid coupler incorporating varactor diodes which allow tuning of the frequency response. A design covering the DCS, PCS and IMT2000 cellular frequency bands (1710-2170 MHz) is presented. Given a varactor tunability of 2.5:1, simulations suggest 20 dB return loss and 3/spl plusmn/1 dB coupling is achievable across each transmit and receive sub-band by tuning the varactors. These results offer an improvement over a conventional single-section branch-line hybrid centred at 1950 MHz, and some miniaturisation is also achieved due to the capacitive loading. A prototype is constructed using commercially available varactor diodes, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is achieved.
Using radioligand‐binding assays to measure tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies in young children (2004)

Aim : To measure autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in young children prospectively screened for coeliac disease (CD). Methods : In total, 652 children aged 2.9 (2.5–4.2) y were analysed for IgA‐tTG and IgG‐tTG with radioligand‐binding assays and IgA endomysial antibodies (EMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody‐positive children were retested after 1.2 (range 0.2–1.9) y. Intestinal biopsy was performed on children with persistently high antibody levels. Results : In total, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–4.6%) of the 652 children were positive for at least one antibody at baseline: 2.5% (95% CI: 1.3–3.7%) for IgA‐tTG, 1.7% (95% CI: 0.7–2.7%) for IgG‐tTG and 2.9% (95% CI: 1.6–4.2%) for IgA‐EMA, respectively. Ten children were positive for all three antibodies, five for both IgA‐tTG and EMA, four for EMA only, one for IgA‐tTG and another for IgG‐tTG. IgA‐EMA titres correlated with IgA‐tTG levels ( r = 0.73, p = 0.0003). At follow‐up, seven of 20 children remained positive for all three antibodies, three for IgA‐tTG only, one for both IgA‐tTG and EMA, one for IgA‐tTG and IgG‐tTG, and the remaining child refused further participation. Three biopsies showed villous atrophy, two increased intraepithelial lymphocytes and two normal findings. Biopsy was not performed in four children with low or declining tTG antibody levels at follow‐up and in one child who declined. CD was evident in 0.5% (95% CI: 0.0–1.0%) (3/652). Conclusion : This study revealed a high number of young children positive for tTG antibodies as well as EMA, but the majority showed declining levels in both antibodies over time. We suggest using radioligand‐binding assays for quantitative measurement of tTG antibodies when change in antibody levels is studied in young children.
Biostudy on Traditional Chinese Medicine Massa Medicata Fermentata (2020)

Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) has been used for a long time by the Chinese. MMF is used widely in feed additives and human medicinal applications throughout the world; however, there have only been a few reports about the biostudy of its fermentation mechanism and medicinal ingredients. To safely use MMF, we observed the changes in the ingredients and amylase activity for several raw materials during the fermentation process of MMF. We are going to explore the basis of pharmacodynamic substances and the purpose of MMF to provide support for safe use in clinics. This biostudy data demonstrated that the ingredients such as amygdalin, benzaldehyde, and rutin were gradually degraded during the process of fermentation, and the fermented MMF did not contain amygdalin and benzaldehyde. The HPLC fingerprint of fermented MMF for 7 days is similar to the chemical composition of the original unfermented MMF with a similarity of only 0.106. Meanwhile, the activities of amylase in fermented MMF had gradually increased, and the content of organic acids also had increased. According to our biostudy, we found that the raw material chemical composition of MMF in the process of fermentation was affected by microorganisms and various substances. The conclusions of our study determined that the initial components of MMF are not identical to the pharmacodynamic components. We also conclude that amylase activity explains the pharmacological activity of MMF to a certain extent, but it is likely not the only factor. The implication not only provides the initial knowledge of MMF but also implies the further exploration of this popular traditional medicine.
Deposition system for the synthesis of modulated, ultrathin-film composites (1993)

We have initiated a program using elemental superlattices as probes of the early stages of solid-state reactions. The main advantage of using superlattices as reactants is the ability to tailor their structure on an angstrom length scale to control reaction kinetics. Consequently, we designed and constructed a computer-controlled and monitored ultrahigh-vacuum chamber for the preparation of elemental superlattices. This system is capable of manufacturing three sets of three samples in one evacuation cycle. Up to six different elements can be incorporated into each sample. Elements can be deposited from independently controlled electron-beam sources, Knudsen, or evaporation cells. The sample drive mechanism combined with source shutters and computer control permit complex layer-repeat units within the composite. Layer thicknesses can be controllably varied from 4 Å upward. Various attributes of the chamber include its modular design, multiple layer thickness control options, reproducibility and quality of samples, flexibility, and extensive computer monitoring during sample preparation.
Expression of Ion Channels in <i>Xenopus</i> Oocytes (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Advantages and Disadvantages of Xenopus Oocytes Procedures for Using Oocytes Types of Analyses Electrophysiological Analysis Two-electrode Whole Cell Voltage-clamp Cut-open Oocyte Voltage-clamp Macropatch Clamp Single Channel Analysis Biochemical Analysis Compound Screening Serial Recording Using the Roboocyte Parallel Recording Using the OpusXpress Examples of Use Characterization of cDNA Clones for a Channel Structure–Function Correlations Studies of Human Disease Mutations Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Methods for measuring fluoroscopic skin dose (2006)

This paper briefly reviews available technologies for measuring or estimating patient skin dose in the interventional fluoroscopic environment.
Octane Requirement Increase in 1971 Model Cars with Leaded and Unleaded Gasolines (Report of a Pilot Program of the Road Test Group of the Motor Vehicle Fuel, Lubricant, and Equipment Research Committee of the Coordinating Research Council, Inc.) (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">During the fall and winter of 1970-1971, the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) contracted with Southwest Research Institute for the latter to conduct a pilot program on 10 pairs of 1971 model cars to compare the influence of leaded and unleaded fuels on octane requirement increase (ORI). The cars were operated for 8,000-10,000 miles in the San Antonio area using a prescribed city-suburban driving schedule. One car of each pair was run on a commercially available leaded gasoline of 93 Research octane number (ON) and the other on a specially prepared unleaded fuel of similar quality. Differences in ORI for the two fuels ranged from 0-3.5 ON within car pairs. The average ORI of 4.0 ON for leaded fuel cars and 4.6 ON for unleaded fuel cars was not significantly different above the 80% confidence level.</div>
A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Images Based on Level Set Segmentation and ReliefF Feature Selection (2015)

This study established a fully automated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the classification of malignant and benign masses via breast magnetic resonance imaging (BMRI). A breast segmentation method consisting of a preprocessing step to identify the air-breast interfacing boundary and curve fitting for chest wall line (CWL) segmentation was included in the proposed CAD system. The Chan-Vese (CV) model level set (LS) segmentation method was adopted to segment breast mass and demonstrated sufficiently good segmentation performance. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier with ReliefF feature selection was used to merge the extracted morphological and texture features into a classification score. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity measurements for the leave-half-case-out resampling method were 92.3%, 98.2%, and 76.2%, respectively. For the leave-one-case-out resampling method, the measurements were 90.0%, 98.7%, and 73.8%, respectively.
Distributed Mobility Management Approach with Mobile IP and Proxy Mobile IP (2012)

Based on the analysis of current centralized mobility management
approaches, three main functions of current centralized mobility
anchor are identified, which are Mobility Routing (MR), Home Address
Allocation (HAA), and Location Management (LM), in this draft. Based
on the proposal of decoupling those functions, this draft provides a
concept of architecture for Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) with
some key approaches for DMM. Those approaches are compatible with both
current MIP and PMIP protocols.
Myocardial iron loading in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease (2003)

Cardiac T2* (magnetic resonance imaging relaxation parameter) is abnormally low in approximately 40% of adults with thalassemia major (TM), suggesting myocardial iron deposition, but it is unknown at what age this occurs. To address this question, we measured cardiac T2* and function in 19 young patients (aged 7-26 years) with TM as well as 17 patients receiving long-term transfusions for sickle cell anemia (SCA) matched for age, sex, and liver iron content. Cardiac T2* was normal in all of the SCA patients but was low (high iron) in 8 of 19 TM patients. Abnormal T2* was observed only in the TM patients receiving transfusions for 13 years or longer and was correlated with ferritin but not liver iron levels. Cardiac dysfunction was present in 3 of the 8 patients with low T2*. Cardiac T2* changes have a long latency relative to liver iron accumulation. Total transfusional burden is a significant independent risk factor for low cardiac T2* and may partially account for differences observed between patients with SCA and TM.
A Simple and Effective Method for High Quality Co-Extraction of Genomic DNA and Total RNA from Low Biomass Ectocarpus siliculosus, the Model Brown Alga (2014)

The brown seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus is an emerging model species distributed worldwide in temperate coastal ecosystems. Over 1500 strains of E. siliculosus are available in culture from a broad range of geographic locations and ecological niches. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its capacity to cope with different environmental and biotic stressors, genomic and transcriptomic studies are necessary; this requires the co-isolation of genomic DNA and total RNA. In brown algae, extraction of nucleic acids is hindered by high concentrations of secondary metabolites that co-precipitate with nucleic acids. Here, we propose a reliable, rapid and cost-effective procedure for the co-isolation of high-quality nucleic acids using small quantities of biomass (25-, 50- and 100 mg) from strains of E. siliculosus (RHO12; LIA4A; EC524 and REP10-11) isolated from sites with different environmental conditions. The procedure employs a high pH extraction buffer (pH 9.5) which contains 100 mM Tris-HCl and 150 mM NaCl, with the addition of 5 mM DTT and 1% sarkosyl to ensure maximum solubility of nucleic acids, effective inhibition of nuclease activity and removal of interfering contaminants (e.g. polysaccharides, polyphenols). The use of sodium acetate together with isopropanol shortened precipitation time and enhanced the yields of DNA/RNA. A phenol:chlorophorm:isoamyl alcohol step was subsequently used to purify the nucleic acids. The present protocol produces high yields of nucleic acids from only 25 mg of fresh algal biomass (0.195 and 0.284 µg mg(-1) fresh weigh of RNA and DNA, respectively) and the high quality of the extracted nucleic acids was confirmed through spectrophotometric and electrophoretic analyses. The isolated RNA can be used directly in downstream applications such as RT-PCR and the genomic DNA was suitable for PCR, producing reliable restriction enzyme digestion patterns. Co-isolation of DNA/RNA from different strains indicates that this method is likely to have wider applications for intra- and inter-specific studies on other brown algae.
Optical characterizations of (111) oriented InGaAs/InAlAs strained quantum wells grown on InP substrates (1991)

Strained InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells with compressively or tensilely strained InGaAs layers were successfully grown on slightly misoriented (111)B InP substrates. Optical properties were systematically studied from comparisons of theoretical and experimental data. The transmission spectra measured on both the (111) and the (100) oriented strained quantum wells showed excitonic peaks even at room temperature, which revealed the high quality of these quantum wells. The peak positions for the (111) oriented quantum wells corresponded well to the calculated excitonic transition energies only when growth orientation dependence of material parameters was taken into account. In the photoluminescence measurements with various excitation intensity, it was found that only the peak from compressively strained (111) InGaAs quantum wells blue-shifted as the excitation intensity increased. This implies the screening of the internal electric field, that is a piezo-electric field, by photogenerated carriers and a consequent decrease in the quantum confined Stark shift. These results provide evidence for the existence of a built-in electric field in the strained InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells. These strained quantum wells grown along the (111) direction are found to be promising for the realization of optical bistable devices and optical switches in the long wavelength region by the use of the internal electric field.
[Opposite control of O2 affinity for hemoglobin by donors and acceptors]. (1990)

The effects of electron donors and acceptors on O2 binding by hemoglobin were studied. 2,4-Dinitrophenol, levomycetin and pelargonidine-3,5-diglycoside which act as electron acceptors in free radical reactions, enhance this process. In contrast, N-propylajmalin which is known to be an electron donor in the above reactions, suppresses the O2 binding. Diphosphoglycerate and inositol hexaphosphate, the natural inhibitors of O2 binding, exhibit, similar to N-propylajamlin, the properties of electron donors, the latter being a more potent electron donor than the former.
Robust Optimization of a MEMS Accelerometer Considering Temperature Variations (2015)

A robust optimization approach for a MEMS accelerometer to minimize the effects of temperature variations is presented. The mathematical model of the accelerometer is built. The effects of temperature variations on the output performance of the accelerometer are determined, and thermal deformation of the accelerometer is analyzed. The deviations of the output capacitance and resonance frequency due to temperature fluctuations are calculated and discussed. The sensitivity analysis method is employed to determine the design variables for robust optimization and find out the key structural parameters that have most significant influence on the output capacitance and resonance frequency of the accelerometer. The mathematical model and procedure for the robust optimization of the accelerometer are proposed. The robust optimization problem is solved and discussed. The robust optimization results show that an optimized accelerometer with high sensitivity, high temperature robustness and decoupling structure is finally obtained.
Dose dependence of crystallization in implanted polycrystalline silicon films on SiO2 (1988)

Crystallization of 1500 Å polycrystalline silicon films self-implanted at doses of 2×1015–6×1015 ions/cm2 is investigated. For doses of 2×1015–5×1015 ions/cm2, crystallization is due to the growth of crystallites which nucleate at a rate which decreases with increasing dose. Above 5×1015 ions/cm2, the nucleation rate is comparable to that of amorphous silicon, though a transient time is observed during which little or no nucleation occurs. The growth velocity does not appear to be dose dependent.
The chimeric <i>FUS/CREB3l2</i> gene is specific for low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (2004)

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a variant of fibrosarcoma that was recognized as a distinct tumor entity only quite recently. We previously described a translocation, t(7;16)(q33;p11), that resulted in a fusion of the FUS and CREB3L2 (also known as BBF2H7) genes in two soft tissue tumors that fulfilled morphologic criteria for LGFMS. To delineate the spectrum of tumors that may harbor the FUS/CREB3L2 gene, we selected 45 low-grade spindle cell sarcomas for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses; none of these tumors had originally been diagnosed as LGFMS. Furthermore, also included were two benign soft tissue tumors and nine high-grade sarcomas with supernumerary ring chromosomes or 7q3 rearrangement and three tumors diagnosed as LGFMS prior to the genetic analysis. Of the 59 tumors analyzed, 12 were FUS/CREB3L2-positive, all of which were diagnosed at histopathologic re-examination as being LGFMS, of both the classical subtype and the subtype with giant collagen rosettes. The breakpoints in the fusion transcripts were always in exons 6 or 7 of FUS and exon 5 of CREB3L2. The results indicated that FUS/CREB3L2 is specifically associated with LGFMS and that RT-PCR or FISH analysis may be useful for the differential diagnosis.
Influence of Pneumatic Pressure on the Photographic Sensitivity (1944)

The effect of pneumatic pressure on photographic sensitivity for yellow and violet light is investigated. Three different gases, namely, N2, CO2, and H2, were used in the experiment to produce the pressure. In the case of N2 and CO2, all the films show a lower sensitivity when they are subjected to pneumatic pressure during exposure. On the other hand, the application of pneumatic pressure before exposure increases the sensitivity of the films. No appreciable modification of sensitivity is observed when pressure is applied after the exposure. In the case of hydrogen, the result is somewhat different: All the films show generally higher sensitivity when they are subjected to pressure either during or before exposure. In all cases, the effect of pneumatic pressure on photographic sensitivity, as interpreted by the mean value of the variation of density from the portion of normal exposure on the characteristic curves is found to be independent of the wave-length of light. The abnormal behavior of hydrogen on photographic sensitivity is considered to be due to the chemical activity of the gas on the silver bromide of the emulsion. Certain differences between the effects produced by pneumatic and mechanical pressures on photographic sensitivity are pointed out and discussed.