gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic control of motion detection by an active, mobile observer (2002)

The authors consider the problem of visual motion detection by a moving observer assuming that the observer is active in the acquisition of images. An exploratory activity paradigm is presented that requires small shifts in the location of the focus of expansion (FOE) of the observer motion. A theoretical analysis is done based on geometric considerations to establish conditions that are necessary and sufficient to guarantee motion detection at a point. The detection problem is posed in terms of locally computable image quantities that make it implementable in real time, and free the user from making any global assumptions about the scene that may fail in the real world. This provides a way of dynamically controlling the motion detection strategy to best suit the current goal or purpose of the overall system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A System Calibration Model for Mobile PM2.5 Sensing Using Low-Cost Sensors (2017)

In this paper, we present a system calibration model (SCM) for mobile PM2.5 sensing systems using COTS low-cost particle sensors. To implement such systems, we first assess the accuracy of low-cost dust sensors and identify the most reliable sensor through a comprehensive set of evaluations. We also investigate the inner working principle of the selected sensor. By conducting a set of lab-scale controlled experiments, we obtained a logarithmic regression model that models the impacts of mobility and ambient wind velocity on PM2.5 sensing results. Moreover, using a low-cost water flow sensor, we design a customized micro anemometer and apply a linear regression model to convert the flow rate readings from the sensor to wind velocity values. Finally, we conduct a field experiment to evaluate the proposed calibration model in a real-world setting. The results show that the accuracy of the PM2.5 measurement results improves significantly when the model is utilized. The calibration model is simple and effective, and it can be utilized by other mobile sensing applications that facilitate micro-scale environmental sensing on the move.
Splitting high-dose oral methotrexate improves bioavailability: a pharmacokinetic study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2006)

The bioavailability of oral higher dose MTX in adult patients with RA can be improved by splitting the dose.
Conservation of pathogenic mycoplasma antigens. (1984)

The protein profiles of different mycoplasmas are generally species-specific; however, several pathogenic species share certain biologic properties and/or virulence factors. We compared species of human, avian and animal origin to determine if there was evidence for conservation of key antigens. Log-phase cultures of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, M. gallisepticum and M. pulmonis were subjected to SDS-gel electrophoretic analysis. Protein profiles were compared with silver-stained gels. To examine antigenic cross-reactivity, Western blots were prepared by transferring separated proteins to nitrocellulose filters and incubating these with homotypic and heterotypic antisera. Localization of cross-reacting antigens was done by immunoradioautography using 125I-labeled antiglobulins. Several two-way cross-reactions were observed among M. pneumoniae, M. genitalium, and M. gallisepticum; M. pulmonis shared no significant cross-reactions with the other three species. Preliminary evidence suggests that the cross-reactivity was due to conservation of certain antigenic determinants, although the overall protein composition of the four species was different.
Weighting Multiple Criteria (1965)

Six methods for collecting the judgments of experts concerning the relative value of sets of criteria were compared for their reliability and time efficiency. The methods were ranking, rating, three versions of paired comparisons and a method of successive comparisons suggested by Churchman, Ackoff and Arnoff [Churchman, C. W., R. L. Ackoff, E. L. Arnoff. 1957. Introduction to Operations Research. Wiley, New York.]. The judgment situations used were concerned with the design of a specific air defense system and a general air defense system, and with selecting a personnel subsystem manager for a development program. In each of these three situations six criteria were comparatively evaluated by the judges. The results of these experiments showed that there were no significant differences in the sets of criterion weights derived from collecting the judgment data by any of the methods, but that ranking was by far the most efficient method. A fourth experiment was conducted to develop baseline data on the time required to make comparative judgments vs. number of items to be judged, by the ranking method and by the simplest paired comparisons method. Ranking is increasingly more efficient than paired comparisons as the number of items to be judged increases from six to 30.
Specific Depletion of Human Anti-adenovirus Antibodies Facilitates Transduction in an in Vivo Model for Systemic Gene Therapy (2001)

Recombinant adenoviral (rAd) vectors are capable of mediating high-efficiency gene transfer in vivo. Under conditions requiring systemic administration, however, the use of rAd vectors can be problematic due to the presence of circulating anti-adenovirus antibodies developed either through natural infection or during the course of treatment. We developed a passive immunization model in SCID/Beige mice to assess the effect of human and mouse anti-adenovirus antibodies on systemic administration of a rAd vector expressing beta-galactosidase (rAd-betagal). In this model, the in vitro neutralizing activity of human or mouse antibodies used for passive immunization correlated well with inhibition of transduction of the liver following i.v. administration of rAd-betagal. Depletion of antibodies to individual adenovirus structural proteins (hexon, penton, fiber) by affinity chromatography demonstrated that antibodies to each of the three virion components contributed to neutralization of infectivity in vitro and to inhibition of transduction in vivo. Depletion of antibodies against all three structural proteins from human or mouse immune serum prior to passive immunization restored in vivo transduction activity to levels comparable to those obtained with nonimmune serum. Our data suggest that depletion of both murine and human anti-adenoviral antibodies can restore transduction in vivo during systemic rAd gene therapy in hosts previously exposed to adenovirus.
O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub><i>y</i></sub> relationships at a rural site (1994)

Measurements of O 3 , NO, NO 2 , peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), HNO 3 , and NO y were made during a 6‐week period in the summer of 1991 in Giles County, Tennessee. These data were analyzed to determine the factors controlling the relationship between O 3 and NO y at this rural site. A strong association was observed between the O 3 and NO x oxidation product (NO z = NO y ‐ NO x ) levels. The higher O 3 levels were associated with air masses impacted by higher NO x emissions that had been photochemically processed. An analysis of the data indicates that the ultimate O 3 production is about 10 molecules of O 3 produced for each molecule of NO x emitted. The analysis results also suggest that O 3 net production continues until about 70% of the NO x has been converted into NO z . The PAN/HNO 3 ratios observed suggest that the air masses in Giles County are composed of higher volatile organic carbon/NO x ratios than the air masses observed at other rural sites in eastern North America. A comparison of the data analysis results to model simulations and smog chamber experiments suggests that most of the time, Giles County is in an NO x ‐limited regime for O 3 production.
Automatic mesh generation based on skilled knowledge by genetic algorithm (2002)

This paper describes an automatic quadrilateral finite-element mesh generation method for 2 dimensional models based on knowledge of skilled analysts and by using a genetic algorithm. The analysts subdivide a given geometrical model into regions step-by-step, based an their knowledge, and mesh them finely. We derived subdivision rules and a fitness function from the knowledge. The operation order of the rules is not unique so that one model could be subdivided into different sets of regions by the analysts. We regard the problem of subdivision for a geometrical model as a combinatorial optimization problem of the rules, because there must be many choices of the rules at each subdivision step. In addition to using a genetic algorithm, we have proposed a strategy like simulated annealing, which is carried out mesh generation as generative differentiation similar to living organism. We have applied the method to two-dimensional models, and confirmed the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
Chemical-order-dependent magnetic anisotropy and exchange stiffness constant of FePt (001) epitaxial films (2002)

Anomalous Hall voltage was measured for FePt ${L1}_{0}$ films having very high magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic anisotropy ${K}_{1}$ and ${K}_{2}$ were determined with high accuracy by analyzing the magnetization curves obtained from the Hall voltage measurement. The saturation magnetization ${M}_{s}$ of the samples with different chemical-order parameter (S) exhibits a different temperature dependence, implying that the Curie temperature weakly depends on S. The first-order anisotropy ${K}_{1}$ gradually increases with S, while the second-order anisotropy ${K}_{2}$ remains almost constant of about $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{c}.$ The temperature dependence of ${K}_{1}$ is correlated with S, that is, ${K}_{1}$ with a small S is more temperature dependent than that with a large S. These behaviors are quite similar to the temperature dependence of ${M}_{s}$ with different S, and can be explained by the conventional model based on thermal spin fluctuations. The domain wall energy ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{w}$ evaluated by the theoretical analysis of the stripe-domain structure tends to increase linearly with S, in a similar manner as that of ${K}_{1},$ whereas the exchange stiffness constant A of about $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}$ deduced from ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{w}$ and ${K}_{u}{(=K}_{1}{+K}_{2})$ hardly depends on S.
Impaired AMLR in autoimmunity. (1983)

A defective AMLR and impaired production and response to Interleukin 2 (IL-2) occur as a common feature of disease in several autoimmune-susceptible strains of mice and in patients with various autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. We have studied the functional significance of these abnormalities and the cellular mechanism responsible by measuring specific antigen-induced proliferation following in vivo immunization with TNP25-KLH in three autoimmune strains bearing the lpr gene. The lpr mice manifest a decreased response in this assay system. Mixing experiments, in which T cells and macrophages from lpr mice and their normal congenic partners are allowed to interact, demonstrate that the defect resides with the responding Lyt 1+ T cells and not with lpr antigen-presenting macrophages. Flow cytofluorometry analysis using monoclonal antibodies to Thy 1.2, Lyt 1 and Lyt 2 reveals an abnormal distribution of these T cells reflecting a low antigen density on the cell surface. The actual number of Lyt 1+ cells is not diminished, but the pattern is displaced. These results suggest that the decreased AMLR, decreased IL-2 production, and decreased antigen-induced proliferation are not due to deficient numbers of responding cells but rather to functional impairment.
Acousto-Elastic Fastener Preload Indicator (1978)

This report describes the assembly, calibration, and testing of an acousto-elastic fastener preload indicator that has been demonstrated to preload fasteners with better than 5% accuracy within the elastic range. The system is computer automated and includes a calibration procedure for checking cutoff accuracy. The new capability afforded by this computer-controlled acousto- elastic torque wrench improves state-of-the-art capabilities by nearly an order of magnitude in accuracy for setting preloads and can be used on flaw-free fasteners of the flat-head type.
Uncertainties in Reservoir Production Forecasts (1997)

Being aware of uncertainties in forecasts of production characteristics is important for reservoir management. Decisions concerning further appraisal drilling, flexibility in development plans, and selection among reservoir prospects all require that uncertainties are taken into account. This study addresses the problem of quantifying uncertainties due to incomplete knowledge of the initial reservoir characteristics, with emphasis on the difference between heterogeneity modeling and assessment of uncertainty. In this study we outline a formalism for uncertainty modeling in a Bayesian framework and present an extensive case study of a North Sea Brent Group reservoir. The results are obtained by computer software implemented such that no human interference is required once the stochastic reservoir model is established. Once the stochastic reservoir model is established, multiple realizations can be generated, rescaled, and fed into a fluid flow simulator to forecast production characteristics and quantify uncertainty associated with response parameters such as cumulative oil production, recovery factors, and water cuts. The results demonstrate that uncertainty in model parameters contributes significantly to the overall uncertainty. The most influential parameters in our case study include the sealing capacity of major faults, seismic velocities used in depth conversion, and average porosities and shale continuity within the main reservoir sandstone.
Abduction of precise situation models (2002)

The authors outline a method for performing abductive reasoning using qualitative causal relationships and fuzzy set calculus for representing the levels of their preciseness. The objective of the abductive reasoner is to hypothesize smaller and relevant situation models from a much larger domain model. The criteria for preferring one model over the others are also specified in terms of the levels of preciseness of the candidate hypotheses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intraperitoneal Administration of Bacterial Endotoxin Enhances Noradrenergic Neurotransmission in the Rat Preoptic Area: Relationship with Body Temperature and Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis Activity (1995)

A combined in vivo microdialysis/biotelemetry method in freely moving rats was used to study the effects of an endotoxic challenge on brain neurotransmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity, autonomic functions and behaviour. Rats were equipped with a microdialysis probe in the preoptic area and a transmitter for biotelemetry in the peritoneal cavity. Time-dependent changes in noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, and HPA axis activity were monitored by measuring noradrenaline, serotonin, their metabolites and free corticosterone concentrations in dialysates. Core body temperature, heart rate and locomotion were measured simultaneously by biotelemetry. In addition, total behavioural activity was scored by measuring the time during which rats were active. Intraperitoneal administration of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; 100 micrograms/kg body weight) caused a pronounced increase in preoptic extracellular concentrations of noradrenaline and its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG; 500 and 400% of baseline respectively). No effect was found on preoptic concentrations of serotonin, although the levels of its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were slightly elevated (120% of baseline). Intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide caused a marked increase in corticosterone levels, a decline in behavioural activity, and biphasic rises in body temperature and heart rate. Analysis of the time curves revealed that noradrenaline rose in parallel with the first increase in body temperature and the increase in corticosterone levels. Moreover, maximum noradrenaline levels were reached approximately 60 min earlier than the peak in body temperature and corticosterone concentrations. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin prevented the lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in body temperature, heart rate and behavioural activity, whereas the changes in noradrenaline, MHPG and corticosterone were largely, but not completely, reduced. Taken together, the results show that an endotoxic challenge results in a highly differentiated response in brain neurotransmission. We postulate that the profound increase in preoptic noradrenergic neurotransmission may be related to the lipopolysaccharide-evoked induction of fever and/or activation of the HPA axis.
Segmentai Instrumentation Without Fusion in Children With Progressive Scoliosis (1985)

Nine young children had segmental spinal stabilization without fusion for progressive scoliosis. External bracing was not used. There were no immediate complications, but at a mean follow-up of 28 months, the mean loss of correction was 32% and only four patients maintained the initial correction. The mean interval spinal growth was only 0.8 cm. Rods failed in three patients, requiring revision and fusion. Thus, the early results of this technique are discouraging.
A new morphologic manifestation of Langerhans cells in guinea pig corneal transplants (1981)

Langerhans cells are virtually never seen in the normal undisturbed corneal epithelium. They may be stimulated to migrate into the corneal epithelium by a variety of chemical and mechanical stimulation, including penetrating keratoplasty. We have found a previously undescribed morphologic manifestation of the Langerhans cell in guinea pig eyes undergoing corneal transplantation. These cells are found around the graft, and in high concentration around sutures. They may be a motile form of the typical Langerhans cell or a specialized form which captures or distributes antigen.
High-Resolution TOF-SIMS Study of Varying Chain Length Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces (2002)

A high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) has been used to investigate chain length effects in hydrocarbon self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces on gold substrates. A wide range of n-alkanethiols was used to make homogeneous SAM surfaces, which included both odd and even hydrocarbon chain length thiols. Variations in coverage, extent of oxidation, and high-mass cluster formation as a function of hydrocarbon chain length of the alkanethiol SAM surfaces were investigated. Long−short chain length effects were observed for the relative coverage of the SAM surfaces, which directly influences the extent of oxidation for the thin films. The formation of gold−sulfur and gold−adsorbate cluster ions was also observed, since the mass range of the TOF-SIMS made it possible to monitor all of the cluster ions that were formed following the high-energy ion/surface interactions.
Use of Peptide Analogue Diversity Library Beads for Increased Depth of Proteomic Analysis: Application to Cerebrospinal Fluid (2008)

Biological samples can contain proteins with concentrations that span more than 10 orders of magnitude. Given the limited dynamic range of analysis methods, observation of proteins present at the lower concentrations requires depletion of high-abundance proteins, or other means of reducing the dynamic range of concentrations. Hexapeptide diversity library beads have been used to bind proteins in a complex sample up to a given saturation limit, effectively truncating the maximum concentration of proteins at a desired level. To avoid the potential problem of susceptibility of the hexapeptides to cleavage by proteases in the sample and/or bacterial degradation, peptide analogues that exhibit similar binding characteristics to peptides can be used in place of peptides. We report here the use of hexameric peptoid diversity library beads to reduce the dynamic range of protein concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using this method in conjunction with 2D LC/MS/MS analyses, we identified 200 unique proteins, about twice the number identified in untreated CSF.
200/spl deg/C, 96-nm wavelength range, continuous-wave lasing from unbonded GaAs MOVPE-grown vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (1995)

We report record temperature and wavelength range attained using MOVPE-grown AlGaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). Unbonded continuous-wave lasing is achieved at temperatures up to 200/spl deg/C from these top-emitting VCSEL's and operation over a 96-nm wavelength regime near 850 nm is also achieved from the same nominal design. Temperature and wavelength insensitive operation is also demonstrated; threshold current is controlled to within a factor of 2 (2.5-5 mA) for a wavelength range exceeding 50 nm and to within /spl plusmn/30% (5-10 mA) for a temperature range of 190/spl deg/C at 870 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MITI Minister Kaoru Yosano on reviving Japan's competitive advantage (1999)

Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has made significant contributions to the country's economic development and growth in the post-World War II period through its industry policy and control. However, Japan's prolonged economic recession has battered the country's industries and its competitiveness has dropped significantly since the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s. The World Competitiveness Yearbook 1999 of the International Institute for Management Development ranks Japan's competitiveness as 16th, a dramatic decline from its top ranking a decade earlier. In order to improve the country's industrial competitiveness, the government of Japan has formulated an overall industry revival plan, “Strategies for Reviving the Japanese Economy.” It also has established several specialized advisory committees, such as the Competitiveness Commission and the Economic Strategy Council. which report to the prime minister. Kaoru Yosano played a leading role in Japan's economic reform. In the following interview, Mr. Yosano shares his views on how to reform the Japanese economy, the role of MITI in reviving the country's industrial competitiveness, and the sustainability of the competitive advantages of Japanese corporations. Mr. Yosano graduated from Tokyo University with a bachelor's degree in law in 1963. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1976. After serving as the chairman of several standing committees in the House, Mr. Yosano was appointed minister of education in 1994 and minister of MITI in 1998. He remained in that post—and was minister when this interview was conducted—until October 5, 1999, when a new cabinet was formed.
Studies of the ethylenediamine‐cellulose complex. I. Decomposition of the complex by solvents (1955)

Abstract The ethylenediamine‐cellulose complex, previously described by Trogus and Hess, has been reinvestigated with regard to its stability toward a series of solvents and to the differences in the fine structure of the cellulose remaining after its decomposition. It is shown that nonpolar solvents which do not contain oxygen have little effect on the complex; they do not reduce the diamine content or alter its crystal structure. On the other hand, it has been found that polar, oxygen‐containing solvents almost completely remove the diamine and, in general, cause a reconversion of the crystal structure to the cellulose I crystalline modifications. The nature of the fine structure of the cellulose remaining after decomposition of the complex is discussed in relation to the directive or orienting influence of the solvent used for the decomposition. It is shown empirically that the directive influence of a solvent is related to its polarity and to the temperature at which the decomposition is effected.