gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectrochemical Analysis and Hyperspectral Imaging of Latent Fingerprints (2002)

Summary This work has been undertaken to gain an understanding of the chemicalcomposition of latent prints so that new methods of developing finger-print images can be explored. Children’s fingerprints have been an importantaspect of this work. Additionally, methods of imaging fingerprints fromelectro-optical responses obtained through spectrometers have beeninvestigated 1 . This process is often referred to as hyperspectral imaging. Introduction In certain instances latent fingerprints cannot be acquired by existingmethods. Frequently caseworkers have reported that the recovery of children’sprints at a crime scene is difficult or not possible. Therefore, there isinterest in the forensic community to improve understanding of the chemicalcharacter of latent fingerprints with an emphasis on children’s prints sothat current techniques can be modified or new ones developed.Previous work has been done by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) 2 . The disadvantage of GC/MS is that it is destructive, and sampleacquisition is from a large area and, therefore, is not specific to smallindividual heterogeneous components. Infrared analysis, however, can beused noninvasively on small areas of the ridge material to identify specificchemical components.
Molecular characterization of cyanophycin synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of the cyanobacterial reserve material multi‐ <scp>L</scp>‐arginyl‐poly‐<scp>L</scp>‐aspartate (cyanophycin) (1998)

Cyanophycin (multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartate), a water-insoluble reserve polymer of cyanobacteria, is a product of nonribosomal peptide synthesis. The purification of cyanophycin synthetase of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis is described. In sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme preparation shows one band with an apparent molecular mass of 100 kDa. The native enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of approximately 230 kDa, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography, suggesting that the active form is a homodimer. During catalysis, ATP is converted to ADP. The gene coding for cyanophycin synthetase has been identified in the sequenced genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The C-terminal 60% of the deduced amino acid sequence of cyanophycin synthetase show sequence similarity to enzymes of the superfamily of ligases involved in the biosynthesis of murein and of folyl-poly(gamma-glutamate). Cells of Escherichia coli harbouring the gene on a plasmid express active synthetase and accumulate cyanophycin-like material. The results prove that a single enzyme catalyzes the de novo synthesis of cyanophycin.
On-Chip Memory Technology Design Space Explorations for Mobile Deep Neural Network Accelerators (2019)

Deep neural network (DNN) inference tasks have become ubiquitous workloads on mobile SoCs and demand energy-efficient hardware accelerators. Mobile DNN accelerators are heavily area-constrained, with only minimal on-chip SRAM, which results in heavy use of inefficient off-chip DRAM. With diminishing returns from conventional silicon technology scaling, emerging memory technologies that offer better area density than SRAM can boost accelerator efficiency by minimizing costly off-chip DRAM accesses. This paper presents a detailed design space exploration (DSE) of technology-system co-design for systolic-array accelerators. We focus on practical/mature on-chip memory technologies, including SRAM, eDRAM, MRAM, and 3D vertical RRAM (VRRAM). The DSE employs state-of-the-art optimizations (e.g., model compression and optimized buffer scheduling), and evaluates results on important models including ResNet-50, MobileNet, and Faster-RCNN. Compared to an SRAM/DRAM baseline, MRAM-based accelerators show up to 4.68× energy benefits (57% area overhead), while a 3D VRRAM-based design achieves 2.22× energy benefits (33% area reduction).
Design and implementation of an automated battery management platform (2012)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
Observation of molecular nitrogen in N-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (2006)

Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) film in the crystalline state was nitrogen doped using the reactive sputtering method in order to increase sheet resistance. High-resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that molecular nitrogen (N2) existed in the N-doped GST film. This finding implies that both molecular nitrogen and atomic-state nitrogen should be taken into account in understanding the structures of N-doped GST film. The molecular nitrogen is believed to exist at interstitial and vacancy sites, and more likely at grain boundaries.
A Novel Synchronization Scheme in HDTV System with Adaptive Detection and Low Implementation Complexity (2006)

In this paper, a novel OFDM synchronization scheme with adaptive blind parameters detection is proposed, which utilizes a fast estimation method to obtain the key OFDM system parameters, including the FFT points number (2K/4K/8K mode) and the length of guard interval. These parameters guarantee the accuracy of the further system synchronization. Besides, the proposed scheme is also a joint solution, which realizes the blind parameter detection, symbol recovery and frequency synchronization in the same process. Due to such novel scheme and its further sign-bit implement optimization, circuit implementation complexity of the synchronization block is reduced greatly to a quite impressive 8.3% of that while using the traditional scheme.
An integrated obstacle detection framework for intelligent cruise control on motorways (2002)

This paper deals with the development and implementation of a purely visual obstacle detection framework for autonomous driving on motorways. Our activities are embedded in the SMART VEHICLE subproject of the ESPRIT project CLEOPATRA. The aim of SMART VEHICLE is the development of a visually controlled intelligent cruise control (ICC) for a prototype passenger car, the Mercedes-Benz research car VITA II. The vision modules are operating concurrently on a net of digital signal processors with multiple video inputs. Our obstacle detection framework bases on the application of highly adapted machine-vision elements such as robust symmetry measuring, neural net-based adaptive object recognition, real-time tracking of multiple vehicles, and inverse-perspective stereo image matching (IPM). We will show detailed results from extensive closed-loop autonomous driving on public motorways and we will present the final HPC hardware system which is part of the application computer of VITA II.
Low Complexity Receivers for Massive MIMO Cloud Radio Access Systems (2018)

In this work, we consider uplink receiver design for cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) employing massive multi-input multi-ouput (MIMO). Considering joint detection at the base band unit pool for user ends from multiple remote radio heads, we propose a low complexity C-RAN version of the Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (C-RAN-BLAST). The C-RAN versions of the zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receivers are employed for comparison. The C-RAN-BLAST offers similar performance to the ZF receiver, at much lower complexity. The MMSE receiver performs somewhat better, at the cost of higher complexity, and requiring more detailed channel state information.
Nicotinic and muscarinic subtypes in the human brain: Changes with aging and dementia (1992)

Different effects of normal aging on muscarinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes were observed in postmortem brain tissue from different regions of the human brain. A significant decrease in M1 and M2 receptors was found in cerebral cortex, while the M1 and especially the M2 receptors increased with age in the thalamus. A similar pattern of changes was also observed when using (-)3H-nicotine as ligand for nicotinic receptors in the cortex and thalamus. No significant changes in nicotinic receptor binding were observed with age in the cortex or thalamus when using 3H-acetylcholine as ligand. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the brain are not equally affected in dementia disorders. A marked loss of high affinity nicotinic receptors was observed in cortical tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease and with multi-infarct dementia (MID). The muscarinic receptors were (both M1 and M2) increased in Alzheimer cortical tissue while they were decreased in MID.
SANTT: Sharing Anonymized Network Traffic Traces among Researchers (2006)

Current Internet research suffers from limited information available from public network traffic traces due to the privacy concern of ISP and lack of effective trace distribution systems. In this paper, we present our SANTT (sharing anonymized network traces) system to share valuable network traffic traces safely and widely. SANTT employs a novel prefix-preserving anonymization method to sanitize privacy information in packets and takes advantage of specific high-speed traffic capturing hardware. After removing privacy information, SANTT distributes the traces by multicast, which makes it easy for researchers to access. The experimental results show that SANTT implemented on IXP2400 platform can process the fastest traffic rate (1,1953,125 PPS) offered by Gigabit links with high accuracy and stability
Antipolarity in the <i>ilv</i> Operon of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1969)

The genes governing three of the enzymes of the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic pathway form the operon: operator-ilvA-ilvD-ilvE. The enzymes are: ilvA, l-threonine deaminase; ilvD, dihydroxy acid dehydrase; and ilvE, transaminase B. A nonsense mutation in the ilvD gene (D-ochre) and a nonsense mutation in the ilvE gene (E-amber) affect the properties of the proximal gene product, l-threonine deaminase (TD), in addition to inactivating the enzymes produced by the genes in which the mutations have occurred. The D-ochre mutation causes TD to move in diffusion and gel filtration experiments as though it were 30% smaller than the wild-type enzyme. The E-amber mutation causes TD to move in similar experiments as though it were much larger than the wild-type enzyme. Both mutations completely abolish the sensitivity of TD to l-isoleucine, the normal feedback inhibitor of the wild-type enzyme. The effects of the nonsense mutations on TD can be reversed in three ways: by genetic reversion of the D-ochre mutation; by treatment of the altered enzymes with 3.0 m urea; and by forming a heterozygous diploid, containing the wild-type allele as well as the mutant allele of ilvD or ilvE. The results suggest that the subunits of TD undergo abnormal aggregation in the presence of the partial polypeptides produced by the mutant alleles of ilvD or ilvE; multi-enzyme aggregates in extracts of wild type, however, could not be detected.
Mitochondrial protection restores renal function in swine atherosclerotic renovascular disease (2014)

Preservation of mitochondrial cardiolipin attenuated swine stenotic-kidney microvascular loss and injury, and improved renal oxygenation, haemodynamics, and function. These observations implicate mitochondrial damage in renal deterioration in chronic experimental ARVD, and position the mitochondria as a central therapeutic target.
True‐amplitude beam migration (2004)

We develop a simplified theoretical treatment of asymptotic ray‐based beam inversion for common‐offset. We apply the theory to the development of a true‐amplitude imaging algorithm using Gaussian beams. The theoretical treatment is valid for arbitrary velocity variations, and we find that the amplitude behavior of our algorithm is reasonably close to true‐amplitude common‐offset Kirchhoff inversion. We give a further example of the application of our algorithm to imaging the Atlantis structure in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). In areas where illumination is poor, asymptotic beam and Kirchhoff inversion do not apply, and migration deconvolution or dip equalization is required. We derive the form of the Hessian for common‐offset Gaussian beam migration, and use it to produce inverse migration deconvolution operators for the same Atlantis GOM structure.
Molecular Electronics - Commercial Insights, Chemistry, Devices, Architecture and Programming (2003)

Commercialization of Molecular Electronics Molecular Electronics Chemical Synthesis Molecular Self-Assembly, Device Construction, and Testing Architectures in Molecular Electronics Programming the Nanocell.
Spirocyclic Dihydropyridines by Electrophile-Induced Dearomatizing Cyclization of N-Alkenyl Pyridinecarboxamides (2013)

On treatment with acylating or sulfonylating agents, N-alkenyl pyridine carboxamides (N-pyridinecarbonyl enamines) undergo a dearomatizing cyclization initiated by pyridine acylation and followed by intramolecular trapping of the resulting pyridinium cation. The products are spirocyclic dihydropyridines which may be further elaborated to spirocyclic heterocycles with drug-like features.
Arginase as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: reversal of arginine steal? (2013)

Functional integrity of the vascular endothelium is of fundamental importance for normal vascular function. A key factor regulating endothelial function is the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, the enzyme arginase has emerged as an important regulator of NO production by competing for l-arginine, which is a substrate for both arginase and NO synthase. Increased activity of arginase may reduce the availability of l-arginine for NO synthase, thus reducing NO production, increasing formation of reactive oxygen species, and leading ultimately to endothelial dysfunction. Increased activity and expression of arginase have been demonstrated in several pathological cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischaemia, congestive heart failure, and vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies have demonstrated that inhibition of arginase under these conditions increases NO bioavailability, reduces oxidative stress, improves vascular function, and protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Initial clinical interventional studies are also promising. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of arginase in cardiovascular pathologies, its contribution to the development of several cardiovascular disease states and the feasibility of using arginase inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.
Intravenous immunoglobulin in HIV infection: evidence for the efficacy of treatment. (1989)

Eight children with symptoms of HIV infection were treated for 12-26 months (median 14 months) with infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (200 mg/kg) every three weeks. Significant improvement was noted in all children in terms of weight gain, number of infectious episodes, and days spent in hospital. This resulted in a 49% saving in cost on treatment compared with costs accrued previously during inpatient admissions. Immunoglobulin concentrations, which were raised at the start of treatment were not altered, and T4 counts continued to decline slowly. HIV core antigen was detected in four children before treatment, but all became core antigen negative after treatment was commenced, this effect being sustained in three. Intravenous immunoglobulin therefore has major clinical benefit, and by reducing viral activity may delay disease progression.
Importance of understanding ingot butt cooling conditions at cast start-up: A case study (1996)

During a cast start-up, the ingot butt is submitted to severe cooling conditions resulting from direct water cooling. These cooling conditions, which were determined through experience acquired by technical and production personnel, are based on safety and the production of a defect-free ingot butt. In spite of the precautions taken to ensure a flawless cast start-up, unforeseen defects may occur. The effectiveness of the corrective measures to be brought to the casting practice therefore depends greatly on the understanding of the phenomenon in question. This paper presents an experimental approach to understanding the formation of unusual subsurface ingot butt defects observed on can body stock. It describes the quantitative technique developed to evaluate ingot butt cooling conditions during cast start-ups as well as their correlation to the subsurface defect observed. Finally, it describes how quantification of the ingot cooling conditions is essential in implementing the appropriate corrective actions required to eliminate the defect.
Alkyl‐Substituted <i>N</i>‐Vinylimidazolium Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Thermal Properties and Ionic Conductivities (2011)

Abstract Structure‐property relationships for polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) relate chemical structure to ionic conductivity and reveal the importance of glass transition temperature ( T g ) and the energy associated with an ion‐hopping mechanism for ion conduction for a series of alkyl‐substituted vinylimidazolium PILs. The alkyl‐substituted vinylimidazolium‐based PILs with varying lengths of n ‐alkyl substituents provide diverse precursors with exchangeable anions to further enhance thermal stability and ionic conductivity. As the anion size increases, regardless of alkyl substituent length, T g decreases and the onset of weight loss, T D , increases. As the length of the alkyl substituent increases, T g decreases for PILs with Br − and BF 4 − counteranions. Ionic conductivity increases over an order of magnitude upon exchange of the counteranion from TfO − < Tf 2 N − .
Growth behaviour and plasmon resonance properties of photocatalytically deposited Cu nanoparticles (2011)

Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on UV-irradiated TiO(2) in an aqueous solution containing Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) and ethanol by a photocatalytic reaction. Cu NPs on TiO(2) exhibit an extinction (= absorption + scattering + reflection) peak due to localized surface plasmon resonance at around 600 nm initially. The density and size as well as the extinction of Cu NPs increase during the deposition, accompanied by a slight redshift of the peak. Eventually, TiO(2) is mostly covered with coalesced Cu NPs that exhibit a spectrum less characteristic of Cu NPs, but more characteristic of a Cu layer.
Endogenous Association of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1, and Smac with Lymphotoxin β Receptor Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Apoptosis (2003)

Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LT beta R) is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor family and plays essential roles in the embryonic development and organization of secondary lymphoid tissues. It binds two types of tumor necrosis factor family cytokines, heterotrimer LT alpha 1 beta 2 and homotrimer LIGHT, and activates multiple signaling pathways including transcriptional factor NF kappa B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and cell death. However, the molecular mechanism of the activation of these signaling pathways by LT beta R is not clear. Because there is no enzymatic activity associated with the receptor itself, the signal transduction of LT beta R is mediated by cytoplasmic proteins recruited to receptors. To identify these proteins, we took a proteomic approach. The endogenous LIGHT.LT beta R complex was affinity-purified from U937 cells, and proteins associated with the complex were identified by mass spectrometry. Four of five proteins identified, TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1, and Smac, are reported here. Their association with LT beta R was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation in U937 cells and HEK293 cells. The presence of cIAP1 and Smac in LIGHT.LT beta R complex revealed a novel mechanism of LIGHT.LT beta R-induced apoptosis.
Flood front tracking and continuous recording of time lag in immiscible displacement (2015)

In immiscible displacements processes such as water flooding, an important consideration is how to maximize the areal sweep efficiency. Limited numbers of tools exist to map oil-water interface movement. It is our expectation that the extended and repeated application of interwell pulse tests can provide some insight in tracking the fluid front approaching the producing wells. The improvement of sensor technology and data mining has opened up new opportunities to obtain continuous recording of rate and pressure data at the observation/producing and injection wells. In reality, each injection well can be subjected to pre-scheduled or unsupervised rate changes. These rate changes create pulsation and observation wells detect the pulse after a time lag. The delay is a function of interwell distance and the effective interwell formation and fluid properties. In this study we focus on both flowing wells and observation wells. We propose that the monitoring of the time lags can help in tracking fluid front plus indigenous reservoir properties. To separate the two effects, we postulate that a comparison of time lags with the first available time lag can lead to the estimation of front location. The differences between displacing and displaced fluid properties on the two sides of the interface impacts the observed time lag. We focus also on the sensitivity of this relationship to the strength of pulsation caused by rate changes rather than shutting-in the injection well. Our approach to examine this problem is with using a combination of analytical and numerical solutions. Analytical solutions to calibrate numerical test cases for radial and linear flow geometries are presented for homogeneous and composite reservoirs. We also present the result of this study for some 2-dimensional reservoir cases. From the studies of these systems, we have demonstrated the definite potential of monitoring repeated pulses for front tracking in immiscible fluid displacement processes.
Genetics of Plant-Pathogen Interactions Specifying Plant Disease Resistance (2001)

Understanding the mechanistic basis of why a certain pathogen causes disease in one host plant and not in another has long intrigued and motivated plant pathologists. Plants, in nature, are generally resistant to most pathogens. The ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a host plant is usually the exception, not the rule. This is because plants have an innate ability to recognize potential invading pathogens and to mount successful defenses. In a converse manner, successful pathogens cause disease because they are able to evade recognition or suppress host defense mechanisms or both.
An Unusual Presentation of Giant Cell Tumor of the Tibia in a Skeletally Immature Patient. (2018)

GCT of the bone is extremely rare in skeletally immature patients. This particular case highlights the need for keeping the diagnosis of GCT at the periphery of one's vision when dealing with pediatric patients presenting with osteolytic lesion at the epimetaphysis of long bones.