gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic recognition of American sign language classifiers (2014)

Automatically recognizing classifier-based grammatical structures of American Sign Language (ASL) is a challenging problem. Classifiers in ASL utilize surrogate hand shapes for people or "classes" of objects and provide information about their location, movement and appearance. In the past researchers have focused on recognition of finger spelling, isolated signs, facial expressions and interrogative words like WH-questions (e.g. Who, What, Where, and When). Challenging problems such as recognition of ASL sentences and classifier-based grammatical structures remain relatively unexplored in the field of ASL recognition. \n\nOne application of recognition of classifiers is toward creating educational games to help young deaf children acquire language skills. Previous work developed CopyCat, an educational ASL game that requires children to engage in a progressively more difficult expressive signing task as they advance through the game.\n \nWe have shown that by leveraging context we can use verification, in place of recognition, to boost machine performance for determining if the signed responses in an expressive signing task, like in the CopyCat game, are correct or incorrect. We have demonstrated that the quality of a machine verifier's ability to identify the boundary of the signs can be improved by using a novel two-pass technique that combines signed input in both forward and reverse directions. Additionally, we have shown that we can reduce CopyCat's dependency on custom manufactured hardware by using an off-the-shelf Microsoft Kinect depth camera to achieve similar verification performance. Finally, we show how we can extend our ability to recognize sign language by leveraging depth maps to develop a method using improved hand detection and hand shape classification to recognize selected classifier-based grammatical structures of ASL.
Some Aspects of Fringe Counting in Laser Interferometers (1966)

A number of arrangements are possible for deriving signals in phase quadrature from interferometers, so that bi-directional counting of the interference fringe movements can be carried out. Arrangements which avoid splitting the image field are preferred for laser light sources, and can give a better signal-to-noise ratio. In environments where the interferometer is subjected to vibration, the fringe counting system may be required to handle rapid reversals in the direction of movement. In these circumstances the rate of production of rapid counting signals of alternate direction may be considerably reduced by using an appropriate logic system between the interferometer and the counter.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Fluorenyl Polyesters Incorporating Diamond Fragments (2007)

Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Fluorenyl Polyesters Incorporating Diamond Fragments
Regioselective Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of 4,7-dichloro-N-methylisatin. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and modeling study (2015)

Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of 4,7-dichloro-<italic>N</italic>-methylisatin provide a convenient access to arylated methylisatins.
Portfolio Management in New Product Development: Lessons from the Leaders—II (1997)

OVERVIEW:Three goals were revealed by a study of portfolio management practices in industry: maximizing the value of the portfolio, achieving the right balance and mix of projects, and linking the portfolio to the strategy of the business. The first two goals were examined in the September–October 1997 issue of RTM (1). This second article describes several methods for realizing the third goal, including a strategic “buckets” model, a top-down method for setting spending targets, a bottom-up scoring scheme that emphasizes strategic criteria, and the strategic check, which incorporates elements of both. In the ideal portfolio management process, three decision processes must work together: the strategy of the business drives both the portfolio review (and various portfolio models) as well as the gates or decision points in the business's Stage-Gate new product process. The gating process and the portfolio methods feed each other, and all three must be integrated.
Immune restoration by fetal pig thymus grafts in T cell-depleted, thymectomized mice (1997)

Donor-specific tolerance can be induced across a discordant xenogeneic barrier in T/NK cell-depleted, thymectomized (ATX) B10 mice by grafting of fetal pig thymic and liver tissue (FP THY/LIV) under the kidney capsule. We have now examined the phenotype and function of murine T cells that develop in FP THY/LIV grafts in these mice. Mouse CD4+ T cells reached normal levels in PBL by 14 wk, and were maintained up to 30 wk. Similar proportions of splenic CD4+ cells expressed the naive phenotype (CD45RBhighMEL-14+CD44low) in FP THY/LIV graft recipients and euthymic control mice. These CD4 cells were functional, demonstrating normal proliferative responses and up-regulation of CD25 and CD69 after activation by mitogens or alloantigens. They proliferated in response to the protein Ag KLH presented by host MHC following in vivo immunization. ATX B10 mice grafted with FP THY/LIV also cleared Pneumocystis carinii infections, whereas simultaneously-treated ATX B10 mice not receiving FP THY were unable to do so. Discordant xenogeneic thymus grafting can therefore restore immune competence. Thus, in addition to tolerance induction, xenogeneic thymic replacement might have a potential role in the reconstitution of immunity in patients afflicted with immunodeficiencies affecting the thymus.
Preliminary observations on ultrastructural changes of atrial myocardial cells during hemorrhagic shock and after autotransfusion in rats (1992)

The ultrastructural changes of atrial myocardial cells during hemorrhagic shock and after autotransfusion with the shedded blood were observed in rats, which were divided into control, hemorrhagic shock and auspetotransfusion groups. It was found that there was a marked increase of atrial specific granules in the atrial myocardial cells during hemorrhagic shock. Striking ultrastructural changes of atrial myocardial cells were noted after transfusion of the shedded blood. Reduction in the number of atrial specific granules, in addition to mitochondrial swelling, reduction of the cristae, focal emptying of mitochondria, myelin-like figure in mitochondrial matrix, expansion of sarcoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of qolgi complexes and perinuclear space, and dissociation of myocardial disk, were remarkable. The findings suggest that atrial myocardila cells participate in the pathophysiological changes of hemorrhagic shock and autotransfusion.
Londoner Brief (1899)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Reaktionen von 4,5‐Diamino‐s‐triazolen mit Chloressigester und Oxalsäurediäthylester (1970)

Abstract 3‐Alkyl(Aryl)‐4,5‐diamino‐s‐triazole I kondensieren mit Chloressigester zu 3‐Alkyl(Aryl)‐4‐amino‐5‐carbäthoxymethylamino‐s‐triazolen, deren Eigenschaften untersucht werden. Bei der Einwirkung von Oxalester auf I entstehen neben N‐[3‐Alkyl‐4‐amino‐s‐triazolyl‐(5)]‐oxalesteramiden N,N′‐Bis[3‐alkyl‐4‐amino‐s‐triazolyl‐(5)]‐oxamide, die sich hydrolytisch in s‐Triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4]triazin‐6,7‐dione und I aufspalten lassen.
BLAST-EXPLORER helps you building datasets for phylogenetic analysis (2010)

BLAST-Explorer provides a simple, intuitive and interactive graphical representation of the BLAST results and allows selection and retrieving of the BLAST hit sequences based a wide range of criterions. Although BLAST-Explorer primarily aims at helping the construction of sequence datasets for further phylogenetic study, it can also be used as a standard BLAST server with enriched output. BLAST-Explorer is available at http://www.phylogeny.fr.
Characterization of virulence genes of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by TnphoA mutagenesis: identification of invX, a gene required for entry into HEp-2 cells (1993)

While enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and shigellae are genotypically nearly identical, a difference has been reported in the infective dose to humans: EIEC is 10,000-fold less infectious than shigellae. A possible basis for this difference lies in the inherent invasiveness of these bacteria toward epithelial cells. Thus, despite the high degree of homology between the invasion plasmids of EIEC and shigellae, substantial differences in genetic organization and/or sequence may exist. We have undertaken a systematic genetic analysis of the EIEC plasmid pSF204, using transposon mutagenesis. Congo red-negative TnphoA insertion mutants (Pcr- PhoA-) and TnphoA fusion mutants (PhoA+) were isolated and screened for the ability to invade cultured HEp-2 cells. Most invasion-negative (Inv-) mutations mapped to a 30-kb segment of the invasion plasmid, including homologs of the Shigella flexneri ipa, mxi, and spa genes. Inv- PhoA+ fusions in the EIEC ipaC, mxiG, mxiJ, mxiM, and mxiD homologs and in a proposed new gene, named invX, located downstream of the spa region were identified and characterized. This analysis indicates the presence of the ipaC, mxiG, mxiJ, mxiM, mxiD, and invX gene products in the EIEC cell envelope and demonstrates a strict requirement for these genetic loci in invasion. Overall, our results suggest a high degree of genetic, structural, and functional homology between the EIEC and S. flexneri large invasion plasmids.
Parallel Architectures for Artificial Neural Networks: Paradigms and Implementations (1998)

From the Publisher:
A reference for neural networks research and application, this book covers the parallel implementation aspects of all major artificial neural network models in a single text. Parallel Architectures for Artificial Neural Networks details implementations on various processor architectures built on different hardware platforms, ranging from large, general purpose parallel computers to custom built MIMD machines. Aimed at graduate students and researchers working in artificial neural networks and parallel computing, this work can be used by graduate level educators to illustrate parallel computing methods for ANN simulation.
Synthetic Studies on Cardiovascular Agents. IV. Synthesis of Fused Dihydropyridine Derivatives (1978)

We present an analysis of the behaviour of an I2C Linux driver, by means of model checking with the mCRL2 toolset and static analysis with UNO.We have reverse engineered the source code to obtain the structure and interactions of the driver. Based on these results, we have semi-automatically created an mCRL2 model of the behaviour of the driver, on which we have checked mutual exclusion properties. This revealed non-trivial potential errors, like unprotected usage of shared memory variables due to inconsistent locking and disabling/enabling of interrupts. We also applied UNO on the instrumented source code and were able to find the same errors. These defects were confirmed by the developers.
Noise-Presence-Probability-Based Noise PSD Estimation by Using DNNs (2016)

A noise power spectral density (PSD) estimation is an indispensable component of speech spectral enhancement systems. In this paper we present a noise PSD tracking algorithm, which employs a noise presence probability estimate delivered by a deep neural network (DNN). The algorithm provides a causal noise PSD estimate and can thus be used in speech enhancement systems for communication purposes. An extensive performance comparison has been carried out with ten causal state-of-the-art noise tracking algorithms taken from the literature and categorized acc. to applied techniques. The experiments showed that the proposed DNN-based noise PSD tracker outperforms all competing methods with respect to all tested performance measures, which include the noise tracking performance and the performance of a speech enhancement system employing the noise tracking component.
Aqueous enzymatic extraction of coconut oil (1996)

Abstract Aqueous extraction of coconut oil with various enzymes was investigated. Several enzyme preparations (cellulase, polygalacturonase, protease, and α‐amylase) were used at different concentrations, pH, and temperature values to enhance oil extraction. After the oil had been released by the enzyme reaction, it was separated by centrifugation. The results showed that an enzyme mixture at 1% (w/w) each of cellulase, α‐amylase, polygalacturonase, and protease at pH 7.0 and an extraction temperature of 60°C represented the most effective extraction conditions with an oil yield of 73.8%. Quality characteristics of the oil were as follows: moisture content, 0.11%; free fatty acid, 0.051%; peroxide value, 0.016 meq oxygen/kg; anisidine value, 0.026; iodine value, 8.3; saponification value, 260; and color, 0.6 (Y+5R). This technique for recovering oil from fresh coconut meat with enzymes is a significant improvement in both oil yield and quality over the traditional wet process.
Width of the Spontaneous Emission Region in Degenerate GaAs <i>p-n</i> Junctions (1966)

The spontaneous emission of GaAs mesa diodes fabricated from 2×1018 cm−3 n-type material was observed at 77°K as a function of applied voltage in a direction normal to the plane of the junction. The emission observed from the p side represents the spectral shape as generated at the junction. When observed from the n side the spectra whose peaks shift with forward bias (due to band filling) have a periodically occurring enhancement and attenuation. These periodic features in the spectra are caused by interference of the spontaneous emission reflected from the gold contact that partially covers the diffused surface. Analysis of reflection from the Au-GaAs interface indicates that the adjacent minima or maxima in the spectra should have the observed average separation in energy of 150/xj meV, where xj is the junction depth in microns. In addition, this analysis relates the maximum enhancement or attenuation in the spectra to the active region width and demonstrates that the band-filling radiative recombination width is 600 Å or less. When the applied voltage exceeds 1.5 V and recombination of thermally injected carriers dominates, the emission peak (hvp≃1.47 eV) no longer shifts with voltage, and interference is not observed. This absence of interference in the stationary peak indicates that the active region width has become greater than 10 000 Å.
Visualization of Single-Chain Conformations of a Synthetic Polymer with Atomic Force Microscopy (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTVisualization of Single-Chain Conformations of a Synthetic Polymer with Atomic Force MicroscopyJiro Kumaki, Yukihiro Nishikawa, and Takeji HashimotoView Author Information Hashimoto Polymer Phasing Project, ERATO, JRDC Keihanna Plaza, Seika, Kyoto 619-02, Japan Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-01, JapanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 13, 3321–3322Publication Date (Web):April 3, 1996Publication History Received17 November 1995Published online3 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9538593https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9538593rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1887Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Conformation,Molecules,Monolayers,Organic compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Review (1996)

Proteolytic enzymes have many physiological functions in plants, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and mammals. They play a role in processes such as food digestion, complement activation or blood coagulation. The action of proteolytic enzymes is biologically controlled by proteinase inhibitors and increasing attention is being paid to the physiological significance of these natural inhibitors in pathological processes. The reason for this growing interest is that uncontrolled proteolysis can lead to irreversible damage e.g. in chronic inflammation or tumor metastasis. This review focusses on the possible role of the cystatins, natural and specific inhibitors of the cysteine proteinases, in pathological processes.
Inference of CRISPR Edits from Sanger Trace Data (2018)

Abstract Efficient precision genome editing requires a quick, quantitative, and inexpensive assay of editing outcomes. Here we present ICE (Inference of C RISPR E dits), which enables robust analysis of CRISPR edits using Sanger data. ICE proposes potential outcomes for editing with guide RNAs (gRNAs) and then determines which are supported by the data via regression. Additionally, we develop a score called ICE-D (Discordance) that can provide information on large or unexpected edits. We empirically confirm through over 1,800 edits that the ICE algorithm is robust, reproducible, and can analyze CRISPR experiments within days after transfection. We also confirm that ICE strongly correlates with next-generation sequencing of amplicons (Amp-Seq). The ICE tool is free to use and offers several improvements over current analysis tools. For instance, ICE can analyze individual experiments as well as multiple experiments simultaneously (batch analysis). ICE can also detect a wider variety of outcomes, including multi-guide edits (multiple gRNAs per target) and edits resulting from homology-directed repair (HDR), such as knock-ins and base edits. ICE is a reliable analysis tool that can significantly expedite CRISPR editing workflows. It is available online at ice.synthego.com , and the source code is at github.com/synthego-open/ice
Tendon retrieval in zone I & II injuries—a visit of new technique (2006)

When an injury occurs with the digit in ﬂexion, theproximal ends of the divided ﬂexor Tendons of thethumb or the ﬁngers usually retract as far proximalasthecarpaltunnel oreven theverydistal forearm.Retrievalcanbedifﬁcultastheﬂexortendonsheathis not uniform. It is narrower at the joints becausethe palmar plates protrude into the ﬂexor sheathand the ends of the bones are bulbous.
D- vs L-methionine utilization by growing steers (1994)

Increasing the amino acid supply to the small intestine of growing cattle can increase performance, if specific amino acids are limiting. Although this can be accomplished by feeding rumen undegradable protein, a more economical approach may be supplementing only those amino acids that actually limit performance, but in a form that will bypass the rumen. Methionine (MET) is thought to be a limiting amino acid for growing cattle. DL-MET, a 50 :50 mixture of natural methionine (L-MET) and the unnatural optical isomer (D-MET) is used widely in monogastric rations. Ruminally protected DL-methionine is also available for cattle; however, little information is available about its utilization by growing steers. We studied the efficiency of utilization of D- vs L-MET by growing steers by measuring nitrogen retention of steers postruminally supplemented with graded levels of D- or LMET. Nitrogen retention increased linearly in response to infusion of both L-MET and D-MET, with similar responses for the two isomers. The efficiency of utilization of DMET relative to L-MET was estimated to be 95.5%. In conclusion, D-MET was similar to L-MET in increasing nitrogen retention of growing steers.
Uncovering Global Icebergs in Distributed Streams: Results and Implications (2010)

Discovering icebergs in distributed streams of data is an important problem for a number of applications in networking and databases. While previous work has concentrated on measuring these icebergs in the non-distributed streaming case or in the non-streaming distributed case, we present a general framework that allows for distributed processing across multiple streams of data. We compare several of the state-of-the-art streaming algorithms for estimating local elephants in the individual streams. However, since an iceberg may be hidden by being distributed across many different streams, we add a sampling component to handle such cases. We provide a novel taxonomy of current sketches and perform a thorough analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each scheme under various QoS metrics, using both real and synthetic Internet trace data. We summarize their performance and discuss the implications for the future design of sketches.
Efficient InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well waveguide optical phase modulator (1990)

We report an InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well optical phase modulator which has a high phase modulation efficiency and low loss modulation over the entire 1.5–1.56 μm fiber band. For a 4-mm-long device, π phase modulation requires a modulation voltage of only 0.6 V at 1.49 μm and 1.1 V at 1.55 μm wavelength. The absorption modulation for a 0–5 V bias change is negligible at 1.55 μm, rising to 0.7 cm−1 at 1.49 μm. The spectral dependence of the electrorefraction from the quantum-confined Stark effect has also been measured for the first time over a wide continuous wavelength range. Far from the absorption edge the electrorefraction decreases approximately as the square of the energy detuning.
Cytosolic Double-Stranded RNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome via MAVS-Induced Membrane Permeabilization and K+ Efflux (2014)

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome plays an important role in inflammation by controlling the maturation and secretion of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in response to multiple stimuli including pore-forming toxins, particulate matter, and ATP. Although the pathways activated by the latter stimuli lead to a decrease in intracellular K(+) concentration, which is required for inflammasome activation, the mechanism by which microbial RNA activates Nlrp3, remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that cytosolic poly(I:C), but not total RNA from healthy macrophages, macrophages undergoing pyroptosis, or mitochondrial RNA, induces caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release through the Nlrp3 inflammasome. Experiments with macrophages deficient in Tlr3, Myd88, or Trif, indicate that poly(I:C) induces Nlrp3 activation independently of TLR signaling. Further analyses revealed that the cytosolic sensors Rig-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 act redundantly via the common adaptor mitochondrial antiviral signaling (Mavs) to induce Nlrp3 activation in response to poly(I:C), but not ATP or nigericin. Mechanistically, Mavs triggered membrane permeabilization and K(+) efflux independently of the inflammasome which were required for poly(I:C)-induced Nlrp3 activation. We conclude that poly (I:C) activates the inflammasome through an Mavs-dependent surveillance pathway that converges into a common K(+) lowering step in the cytosol that is essential for the induction of Nlrp3 activation.