gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urinary saturation and risk factors for calcium oxalate stone disease based on spot and 24-hour urine specimens (2003)

In 222 random spot urine specimens, the calcium concentration and calcium oxalate saturation [DG(CaOx)] were significantly higher among stone formers than among non-stone formers, while the citrate and creatinine-corrected citrate concentrations were lower. In 188 24-hour urine specimens, magnesium excretion was lower among stone formers than non-stone formers, while the creatinine-corrected calcium concentration and DG(CaOx) were higher. Among stone formers, there was no gender difference in the urinary concentrations of calcium, oxalate, citrate, magnesium, and DG(CaOx), but the creatinine-corrected calcium, citrate, and magnesium concentrations were higher in women, as well as 24-hour citrate excretion. The levels of calcium and oxalate have a major influence on DG(CaOx), while citrate and magnesium levels have a minor influence. DG(CaOx) was correlated with calcium and oxalate excretion, as well as with the creatinine-corrected calcium and oxalate concentrations. Approximately 5% of 24-hour urine specimens showed critical supersaturation, 80% showed metastable supersaturation, and 15% were unsaturated. Hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria was fairly common (30% and 40%) in critically supersaturated urine, while it was less common (22.4% and 8.6%) in metastably supersaturated urine and was not detected in unsaturated urine. Hypocitraturia and/or hypomagnesiuria was more common (63.8-80%) at any saturation. The urinary calcium, oxalate, and citrate concentrations, as well as the creatinine-corrected calcium, oxalate, citrate, and magnesium concentrations and DG(CaOx), showed a significant correlation between 57 paired early morning spot urine and 24-hour urine specimens. The creatinine-corrected calcium and citrate concentrations of the early morning urine specimens were significantly correlated with the levels of calcium and citrate excretion in the paired 24-hour urine specimens. In conclusion, no parameter other than urinary saturation gives more than a vague indication of the risk of lithogenesis, so DG(CaOx) in either early morning urine or 24-hour urine specimens appears to be the best predictor of stone risk. Finally, the creatinine-corrected calcium and citrate concentrations in early morning urine can be used as a substitute for measuring 24-hour excretion.
Compatibility of porcine and human interleukin 2: implications for xenotransplantation (2006)

Our present study showed that the interaction of IL2 and IL2R across species might have defects. Together with the wide physiological functions of IL2, our data indicated that physiological disorders could be caused by the poor function of xenogeneic donor IL2 on host cells in full hematopoietic chimera. Our data suggested an additional potential advantage for the mixed xenogeneic chimeras.
Evolving the Vnode interface. (1990)

The vnode interface has succeeded in supporting a wide range of file system implementations over its 6-year history. During that time it has also had to accommodate evolution in file system semantics, and in the relationship between the file system and the virtual memory system. The effects of this evolution have been less than elegant, and pressures for further evolution are mounting. The evolution of the interface is reviewed in order to identify the problems it has caused, and a more robust revision of the interface design proposed. This design also permits new file systems to be implemented in terms of pre-existing file system implementations; it is more like the Streams interface in this respect. The current state of a prototype implementation is described and its performance characterized. MELENE (lazily). We are very well as we are. Life without a care − every want supplied by a kind and fatherly monarch, who, despot though he be, has no other thought than to make his people happy − what have we to gain by the great change that is in store for us? Gilbert &amp; Sullivan, Utopia, Ltd. 1.
<i>Rapid Communication</i> : The Synthesis of Mesoporous Materials Using Novel Ionic Liquid Templates in Water (2002)

The alkyltrimethylammonium templates, cited in the original patent for the preparation of MCM-41, have been replaced by a novel set of templates, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts. Systematic studies have revealed subtle differences in the performance of the novel templates, and identify them as viable reagents in the synthesis of good quality MCM-41.
MannDB – A microbial database of automated protein sequence analyses and evidence integration for protein characterization (2006)

MannDB comprises a large number of genomes and comprehensive protein sequence analyses representing organisms listed as high-priority agents on the websites of several governmental organizations concerned with bio-terrorism. MannDB provides the user with a BLAST interface for comparison of native and non-native sequences and a query tool for conveniently selecting proteins of interest. In addition, the user has access to a web-based browser that compiles comprehensive and extensive reports. Access to MannDB is freely available at http://manndb.llnl.gov/.
The Isolation, Characterization, and Isomerization of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-Bis(benzonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II) (1981)

Abstract The reaction of platinum(II) chloride with neat benzonitrile gave bis(benzonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II) as a mixture of cis and trans isomers in variable proportions, depending on the temperature. The geometry of the chromatographically separated isomers was identified on the basis of the dipole-moment and IR data. The 13C NMR spectra in CDCl3 also enabled us to discriminate between isomers in both chemical shift and coupling to the 195Pt of the cyanide carbon, the resonance peak of which was utilized to follow the isomerization. The rate constant (kc) for the cis-to-trans isomerization was found to be (3.8±0.3)×10−6 s−1 in CDCl3 at 25 °C, ten times larger than that [kt=(2.9±0.2)×10−7 s−1] of the reverse reaction. The equilibrium between cis and trans strongly favored trans in CDCl3 at 25 °C, whereas in benzonitrile the cis form was the dominant species at room temperature, while the trans form was dominant at higher temperatures.
The nucleoprotein content of fibroblasts growing <i>in vitro</i> (1946)

Research Article| January 01 1946 The nucleoprotein content of fibroblasts growing in vitro: 3. The use of defatted media J. N. Davidson; J. N. Davidson 1National Institute for Medical Research, Hampstead, London, N.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Charity Waymouth Charity Waymouth 1National Institute for Medical Research, Hampstead, London, N.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1946) 40 (4): 568–575. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400568 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. N. Davidson, Charity Waymouth; The nucleoprotein content of fibroblasts growing in vitro: 3. The use of defatted media. Biochem J 1 January 1946; 40 (4): 568–575. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400568 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1946 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1946 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Magnetic Relaxation Switch Immunosensors Detect Enantiomeric Impurities (2004)

Reinheitskontrolle: Die Selbstorganisation von magnetischen Nanopartikelsensoren in Gegenwart stereoselektiver Antikörper verringert die T2-Relaxationszeiten der Protonen in der Umgebung. Verunreinigung durch das andere Enantiomer führt dazu, dass die Bindung im Antikörper/Magnet-Sensor gelöst wird und die T2-Relaxationszeit steigt (siehe Bild). Der Prozess kann durch Magnetresonanz-Imaging (MRI) beobachtet werden.
Acute and chronic effects of botulinum neurotoxin a on the mammalian neuromuscular junction (2013)

These results demonstrate that the inhibition of SEAR precedes SNAP-25 cleavage and suggest involvement of a more complex mechanism for the inhibitory effect of BoNT/A at the NMJ.
The Influence of Teacher Behavior and Dyad Compatibility on Clinical Gains in Arithmetic Tutoring (1972)

Edward W. Schultz, The Influence of Teacher Behavior and Dyad Compatibility on Clinical Gains in Arithmetic Tutoring, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan., 1972), pp. 33-41
Expression and Immunogenicity of Proteins Encoded by Sequences Specific to<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i> (2004)

The development of immunoassays specific for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle requires antigens specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, because of genetic similarity to other mycobacteria comprising the M. avium complex, no such antigens have been found. Through a comparative genomics approach, 21 potential coding sequences of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that are not represented in any other mycobacterial species tested (n = 9) were previously identified (J. P. Bannantine, E. Baechler, Q. Zhang, L. Li, and V. Kapur, J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:1303-1310, 2002). Here we describe the cloning, heterologous expression, and antigenic analysis of these M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequences in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequences representing each unique predicted coding region were amplified and cloned into two different E. coli expression vectors encoding polyhistidine or maltose binding protein (MBP) affinity purification tags. All 21 of the MBP fusion proteins were successfully purified under denaturing conditions and were evaluated in immunoblotting studies with sera from rabbits and mice immunized with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. These studies showed that 5 of the 21 gene products are produced by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and are antigenic. Immunoblot analysis with a panel of sera from 9 healthy cattle and 10 cattle with clinical disease shows that the same five M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins are also detected within the context of infection. Collectively, these studies have used a genomic approach to identify novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens that are not present in any other mycobacteria. These findings may have a major impact on improved diagnostics for Johne's disease.
Evaluation by dye dilution of the pressure-slope method for peripheral run-off (1964)

The reliability of the pressure-slope method for the calculation of peripheral run-off rate has been demonstrated using the dye-dilution technique. The pressure-slope method yields a plot of peripheral run-off rate versus arterial pressure, for a given set of cardiovascular conditions. Under steady-state conditions, the peripheral runoff rate (total arterial outflow) must equal the cardiac output. Thus, a dye-dilution value for cardiac output was correlated with the mean arterial pressure at which it was determined, and then compared to the peripheral run-off rate at the same pressure. The results support the application of the pressure-slope method for the calculation of peripheral run-off rate (and also for the determination of cardiac output) in intact anesthetized dogs. total arterial outflow; cardiac output determination; pressure-flow relationships in the arterial system Submitted on December 17, 1962
Cloning, Chromosome Localization, Expression, and Characterization of an Src Homology 2 and Pleckstrin Homology Domain-containing Insulin Receptor Binding Protein hGrb10γ (1997)

hGrb10alpha (previously named Grb-IR) is a Src-homology 2 domain-containing protein that binds with high affinity to the tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. At least two isoforms of human Grb10, (hGrb10alpha and hGrb10beta), which differ in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and the N-terminal sequence, have previously been identified in insulin target tissues such as human skeletal muscle and fat cells. Here we report the cloning of the third isoform of the hGrb10 family (hGrb10gamma) from human skeletal muscle and its localization to human chromosome 7. We have also determined the human chromosome localization of Grb7 to 17q21-q22 and Grb14 to chromosome 2. hGrb10gamma contains an intact PH domain and an N-terminal sequence that is present in hGrb10alpha but absent in hGrb10beta. RNase protection assays and Western blot analysis showed that hGrb10alpha and hGrb10gamma are differentially expressed in insulin target cells including skeletal muscle, liver, and adipocyte cells. hGrb10gamma is also expressed in HeLa cells and various breast cancer cell lines. The protein bound with high affinity to the insulin receptor in cells, and the interaction was dependent on the tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor. hGrb10gamma also underwent insulin-stimulated membrane translocation and serine phosphorylation. hGrb10gamma phosphorylation was inhibited by PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, and wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Taken together, our data suggest that hGrb10 isoforms are potential downstream signaling components of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and that the PH domain may play an important role in the involvement of these isoforms in signal transduction pathways initiated by insulin and other growth factors.
980-nm-pumped Er-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide amplifiers: a comparison with 1484-nm pumping (1996)

We have investigated by numerical modeling the relative efficacy of 980-nm and 1484-nm-pumped guided-wave optical amplifiers in Er-doped LiNbO/sub 3/. The shorter wavelength produces a larger differential gain, but the waveguide amplifier suffers from the photorefractive effect if no precautions are taken. Model calculations show that an optical gain of 2.5 dB/cm can be achieved at 80-mW 980-nm pump power, compared to 1.3 dB/cm when pumped at 1484 nm. Experimental results using 80 mW 980 nm give a gain of /spl sim/2.2 dB/cm (minus propagation loss). This gain, however, is degraded by photorefractive damage, which we find is not only due to the 980-nm pump light, but also to the green up-converted light, the latter having the larger effect. Several techniques were shown to reduce the photorefractive damage. ZnO indiffused waveguides in MgO-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates proves to be the most effective. In bulk-doped Er:Mg:LiNbO/sub 3/ samples with ZnO waveguides, an optical gain of 1.6 dB/cm (minus propagation loss) was observed with 54 mW of out-coupled pump power.
A quantitative analysis of performance benefits of 3D die stacking on mobile and embedded SoC (2011)

3D stacked DRAM improves peak memory performance. However, its effective performance is often limited by the constraints of row-to-row activation delay (tRRD), four active bank window (tFAW), etc. In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the performance impact of such constraints. In order to resolve the problem, we propose balancing the budget of DRAM row activation across DRAM channels. In the proposed method, an inter-memory controller coordinator receives the current demand of row activation from memory controllers and re-distributes the budget to the memory controllers in order to improve DRAM performance. Experimental results show that sharing the budget of row activation between memory channels can give average 4.72% improvement in the utilization of 3D stacked DRAM.
Synthesis of a novel heterocyclic system: 8‐Fluro‐ 1,2,3,4,4a,10a‐hexahydro‐5<i>H</i>‐[1]benzopyrano[2,3‐<i>c</i>]pyridin‐5‐ol (1997)

Abstract The Synthesis of the title compound is described and its structure elucidated by 1 H nmr spectroscopy.
Network Mobility Support Goals and Requirements (2007)

Network mobility arises when a router connecting an entire network to
the Internet dynamically changes its point of attachment to the
Internet therefrom causing the reachability of the entire network to
be changed in the topology. Such kind of network is referred to as a
mobile network. Without appropriate mechanisms, sessions established
between nodes in the mobile network and the global Internet cannot be
maintained while the mobile router changes its point of attachment.
The required support mechanisms will be provided in two phases. The
first phase, referred to as NEMO Basic Support is to provide session
continuity while the necessary optimizations mechanims referred to as
NEMO Extended Support might be provided later. This document outlines
the goals expected from network mobility support and defines the
requirements that must be met by NEMO Basic Support solutions.
DNA Methylation Analysis of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A Panel in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Lung Cancer Diagnosis (2017)

<i>Introduction:</i> Currently the majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed as advanced diseases for no sensitive and specific biomarkers exist, noninvasive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently needed in lung cancer diagnosis. Bronchoscopy is a standard procedure of the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected lung cancer despite of the limited diagnostic accuracy. Besides, epigenetic changes through DNA methylation play an important role in tumorigenesis. Thus, we examined the aberrant methylation of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in comparing with conventional cytology examination and serum CEA in order to evaluate the new diagnostic method. <i>Patients and Methods:</i> BALF and serum samples were collected from 322 patients at the time of diagnosis, 284 of them were pathologically confirmed lung cancer, 35 were benign lung diseases and 3 were malignancies in other systems. For all of the 322 patients, the methylation status of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A gene were detected by a new RT-PCR platform and then confirmed by sanger sequencing. Serum CEA were detected using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. <i>Results:</i> Profiling data showed the consistency of RT-PCR and sanger sequencing in detecting the methylation of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A. Besides, the combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation in BALF yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 97.4%. When compared with established cytology examination (sensitivity: 68.3%, specificity: 97.4%) and serum biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (sensitivity: 30.6%, specificity: 100.0%), the SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation panel showed the highest diagnostic efficiency. Notably, the combination of cytology and the SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation panel could significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy. <i>Conclusion:</i> The methylation analysis of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A panel in BALF with RT-PCR achieved a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in lung cancer diagnosis, especially in an early stage. It could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer.
Temperature-dependent self-diffusion coefficients of water and six selected molecular liquids for calibration in accurate 1H NMR PFG measurements (2000)

Pulsed magnetic field gradient (PFG) NMR is today a routine method for the determination of self-diffusion coefficients, D. However, a remaining goal is the improvement of the precision of the method. The best procedure for the determination of accurate diffusion coefficients by PFG NMR is a calibration with a sample of precisely known D-value. In continuation of our previous work on calibration at 25°C (M. Holz and H. Weingärtner, J. Magn. Reson., 1991, 92, 115) we present reference data as a function of temperature. Since H2O plays an outstanding role as liquid and as primary standard, we carefully measured self-diffusion coefficients of water by 1H PFG NMR in the temperature range from + 5 to + 55°C and added literature data obtained from tracer methods in the range between 0 and + 100°C. This comparatively large collection of data could then be fitted to a Speedy–Angell power law, showing the excellent congruence of the results of two completely different methods and proofing the certainty of the absolute values for water. In this manner reliable primary standard values with error limits of <1% were obtained, allowing us to adapt the temperature of the standard water to the sample temperature of interest. We further give 1H PFG NMR self-diffusion reference data in the range from + 5 to + 55°C for six easily accessible solvents, which we propose as secondary calibration standards, namely cyclohexane, dioxane, dodecane, DMSO, tetradecane and pentanol, covering a large range of absolute D-values and allowing us to match in addition the absolute D-values of calibration sample and sample under investigation. Furthermore, the gained accurate self-diffusion data are suited for an elaborate check of theoretical approaches in the physics of molecular liquids.
EMU Shoulder Injury Tiger Team Report (2003)

The number and complexity of extravehicular activities required for the completion and maintenance of the International Space Station is unprecedented. It is not surprising that training to perform these space walks presents a risk of overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The goal of this tiger team, created in December 2002, was to identify the different factors contributing to the risk of EVA training-related shoulder injury in the Neutral Buoyancy Lab at the Sonny Carter Training Facility and to make recommendations that would either significantly reduce or eliminate those risks. Since 1999, concerns have been expressed about the risk of shoulder injury associated with EVA training at the NBL, particularly in inverted body positions (McMonigal, 1999). A survey was developed and administered to 42 astronauts and astronaut candidates; the results suggest a causal relationship between EVA training at the NBL and the observed injuries. Also, during the tiger team review, it became evident that training in the extravehicular mobility unit may also result in other types of injuries, including fingernail delamination, elbow pain, knee pain, foot pain, and nerve compression leading to transient loss of sensation in certain areas of the upper or lower extremity. A multi-directorate team to detect, evaluate and respond to the medical issues associated with EVA training should be implemented immediately and given the appropriate resources and authority to reduce the risk of injury to crew during training to a level as low as reasonably achievable.
Biomaterials surface science (2013)

The book provides an overview of the highly interdisciplinary field of surface science in the context of biological and biomedical applications. The covered topics range from micro- and nanostructuring for imparting functionality in a top-down manner to the bottom-up fabrication of gradient surfaces by self-assembly, from interfaces between biomaterials and living matter to smart, stimuli-responsive surfaces, and from cell and surface mechanics to the elucidation of cell-chip interactions in biomedical devices.