gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Fuel Composition on Particulate Emissions of DI Diesel Engines (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of different fuel parameters on emissions is difficult to understand, the response depending upon different engine technologies. In addition the isolation of some of the fuel variables is often very hard.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The present paper discusses the main results obtained testing a matrix of 14 fuels designed for obtain large variations of cetane number, sulphur and aromatic contents of Diesel oil.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The aromatic structure of fuels and its effect on particulate emissions was also investigated. A linear regression analysis was performed in order to isolate the main controlling factors on particulate emissions. Finally the influence of aromatic contents of fuel on unregulated emissions was also assessed.</div>
Alterations in membrane sugars during epidermal differentiation: visualization with lectins and role of glycosidases. (1983)

Differentiation in keratinizing epithelia involves the orderly transformation of basal germinal cells into an exterior cornified layer. We have employed rhodamine-conjugated lectins to visualize distinctive changes in the localization of keratinocyte membrane glycoconjugates during epidermal differentiation. The dermis, basement membrane, and epidermal cell membranes stained positively for mannose, alpha- and beta-galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and sialic acid. In contrast, only the viable epidermis demonstrated N-acetyl-galactosamine, while alpha-L-fucose staining was limited to the upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. Neuraminidase treatment extended the binding of certain lectins, e.g., peanut agglutinin, to regions of the skin that otherwise did not label. Whereas the granular cell membranes displayed the largest number of carbohydrates, these sugars could no longer be visualized after granular cells differentiated into the stratum corneum. Loss of lectin staining may be attributable to the presence of a family of sugar-specific glycosidases that we obtained from granular and cornified cell cytosol fractions. Finally, as further support for sugar deletion during cornification, we found that glycosphingolipids are hydrolyzed to ceramides coincident with both loss of lectin staining and the emergence of glycosidase activity. These results suggest: 1) that carbohydrates on keratinocyte cell membranes can be used as markers of epidermal differentiation, and 2) that removal of cell surface sugars during cornification may be due to the action of specific glycosidases in the outer epidermis.
Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052) potentiates apoptosis, suppresses osteoclastogenesis, and inhibits invasion through down-modulation of NF-κB–regulated gene products (2007)

Salinosporamide A (also called NPI-0052), recently identified from the marine bacterium Salinispora tropica, is a potent inhibitor of 20S proteasome and exhibits therapeutic potential against a wide variety of tumors through a poorly understood mechanism. Here we demonstrate that salinosporamide A potentiated the apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), bortezomib, and thalidomide, and this correlated with down-regulation of gene products that mediate cell proliferation (cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], and c-Myc), cell survival (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, TRAF1, IAP1, IAP2, and survivin), invasion (matrix metallopro-teinase-9 [MMP-9] and ICAM-1), and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Salinosporamide A also suppressed TNF-induced tumor cell invasion and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. We also found that it suppressed both constitutive and inducible NF-kappaB activation. Compared with bortezomib, MG-132, N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN), and lactacystin, salinosporamide A was found to be the most potent suppressor of NF-kappaB activation. Further studies showed that salinosporamide A inhibited TNF-induced inhibitory subunit of NF-kappaB alpha (IkappaBalpha) degradation, nuclear translocation of p65, and NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression but had no effect on IkappaBalpha kinase activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, or IkappaBalpha ubiquitination. Thus, overall, our results indicate that salinosporamide A enhances apoptosis, suppresses osteoclastogenesis, and inhibits invasion through suppression of the NF-kappaB pathway.
Dynamic stabilization devices in the treatment of low back pain (2005)

Soft stabilization has an important role in the treatment of the degenerative lumbar spine. Fusion of one or two motion segments may not make a big difference in the total range of motion of the lumbar spine, but preserving flexibility of a motion segment may prevent adjacent segment disease and may permit disc replacement, even when facet joints need to be excised. A favourable environment is created in the motion segment by unloading the disc and permitting near normal motion, the disc may be able to repair itself or may supplement reparative potential of gene therapy.
On q-ary codes correcting all unidirectional errors of a limited magnitude (2006)

We consider codes over the alphabet Q={0,1,..,q-1}intended for the control of unidirectional errors of level l. That is, the transmission channel is such that the received word cannot contain both a component larger than the transmitted one and a component smaller than the transmitted one. Moreover, the absolute value of the difference between a transmitted component and its received version is at most l. We introduce and study q-ary codes capable of correcting all unidirectional errors of level l. Lower and upper bounds for the maximal size of those codes are presented. We also study codes for this aim that are defined by a single equation on the codeword coordinates(similar to the Varshamov-Tenengolts codes for correcting binary asymmetric errors). We finally consider the problem of detecting all unidirectional errors of level l.
Increased PTSD Risk With Combat-Related Injury: A Matched Comparison Study of Injured and Uninjured Soldiers Experiencing the Same Combat Events (2005)

The findings clearly indicate that bodily injury is a major risk factor-rather than a protective one-for PTSD. While supporting the notion that bodily injury contributes to the appraisal of the traumatic event as more dangerous, the data also suggest that this heightened level of perceived threat is not a simple, straightforward function of the severity of injury or of the traumatic event.
PE 100 Pipe Systems (2009)

English translation of the 3rd edition "Rohrsysteme aus PE 100". Because of the considerably increased performance, pipe and pipe systems made from 100 enlarge the range of applications in the sectors of gas and water supply, sewage disposal, industrial pipeline construction and in the reconstruction and redevelopment of defective pipelines (relining). This book applies in particular to engineers, technicians and foremen working in the fields of supply, disposal and industry. Subject matters of the book are all practice-relevant questions regarding the construction, operation and maintenance
Transport and localization of exogenous myelin basic protein mRNA microinjected into oligodendrocytes. (1993)

We have studied transport and localization of MBP mRNA in oligodendrocytes in culture by microinjecting labeled mRNA into living cells and analyzing the intracellular distribution of the injected RNA by confocal microscopy. Injected mRNA initially appears dispersed in the perikaryon. Within minutes, the RNA forms granules which, in the case of MBP mRNA, are transported down the processes to the periphery of the cell where the distribution again becomes dispersed. In situ hybridization shows that endogenous MBP mRNA in oligodendrocytes also appears as granules in the perikaryon and processes and dispersed in the peripheral membranes. The granules are not released by extraction with non-ionic detergent, indicating that they are associated with the cytoskeletal matrix. Three dimensional visualization indicates that MBP mRNA granules are often aligned in tracks along microtubules traversing the cytoplasm and processes. Several distinct patterns of granule movement are observed. Granules in the processes undergo sustained directional movement with a velocity of approximately 0.2 micron/s. Granules at branch points undergo oscillatory motion with a mean displacement of 0.1 micron/s. Granules in the periphery of the cell circulate randomly with a mean displacement of approximately 1 micron/s. The results are discussed in terms of a multi-step pathway for transport and localization of MBP mRNA in oligodendrocytes. This work represents the first characterization of intracellular movement of mRNA in living cells, and the first description of the role of RNA granules in transport and localization of mRNA in cells.
Regulation of Cytokine-inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cardiac Myocytes and Microvascular Endothelial Cells (1996)

Adult rat ventricular myocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) both express an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) following exposure to soluble inflammatory mediators. However, NOS2 gene expression is regulated differently in response to specific cytokines in each cell type. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) induces NOS2 in both, whereas interferon gamma (IFN gamma) induces NOS2 expression in myocytes but not in CMEC. Therefore, we examined the specific signal transduction pathways that could regulate NOS2 mRNA levels, including activation of 44- and 42-kDa mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs; ERK1/ERK2) and STAT1 alpha, a transcriptional regulatory protein linked to cell membrane receptors. Although IL-1 beta treatment increased ERK1/ERK2 activities in both cell types, IFN gamma activated these MAPKs only in myocytes. STAT1 alpha phosphorylation, consistent with IFN gamma-induced signaling, was readily apparent in both cell types, and binding of activated STAT1 alpha from cytoplasmic or nuclear fractions from IFN gamma-treated adult myocytes to a sis-inducible element could be demonstrated by gel-shift assay. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor BZA-5B blocked activation of ERK1/ERK2 and induction of NOS2 by IFN gamma and IL-1 beta in myocytes. IL-1 beta and IFN gamma-induced NOS2 gene expression in myocytes was also down-regulated by both protein kinase C (PKC) desensitization and by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide, implicating PKC-linked activation of Ras or Raf in the induction of NOS2 by IL-1 beta and IFN gamma in cardiac muscle cells. In CMEC, the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD 98059 blocked activation of ERK1/ERK2 and down-regulated IL-1 beta-mediated NOS2 induction, whereas activation of ERK2 in the absence of cytokines by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphoserine protein phosphatases, also induced NOS2 mRNA. These data demonstrate that ERK1/ERK2 activation appears to be necessary for the induction of NOS2 by IL-1 beta and IFN gamma in cardiac myocytes and CMEC. In the absence of ERK1/ERK2 activation by IFN gamma in CMEC, phosphorylation of STAT1 alpha is not sufficient for NOS2 gene expression. These overlapping yet distinct cellular responses to specific cytokines may serve to target NOS2 gene expression to specific cells or regions within the heart and also provide for rapid escalation of NO production if required for host defense.
Uremic Advanced Glycation End Products and Protein‐Bound Solutes Induce Endothelial Dysfunction Through Suppression of Krüppel‐Like Factor 2 (2018)

These data identify KLF2 suppression as a consequence of the uremic milieu, which may exacerbate endothelial dysfunction and resultant cardiovascular disease.
New converter configurations for switched reluctance motors wherein some windings operate on recovered energy (2002)

Two new converter configurations for switched reluctance motors are proposed in which some motor windings are energized using recovered energy from remaining windings. The working principle and various operating modes are discussed in detail. Block diagrams explaining flow of energy are given. Simplified analysis is given and expressions for recovered power are derived. Techniques for designing the drive using a minimum number of components are discussed. Use of bleeder or charger circuits (if necessary) to get balanced output from all the phases is explained. Lastly, experimental results are also included. The proposed converters have been found to be more efficient, less complex, and cost effective.
Current Phase II antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies (2014)

ADCs have increased selectivity and a longer half-life in comparison to systemic chemotherapy. These agents improve the potency of chemotherapy by increasing the accumulation of the cytotoxic drug within neoplastic cells with reduced systemic effects. Improvements in cytotoxin selection and the use of partial antibodies have further improved the clinical value of ADCs. Newer ADCs currently in Phase II clinical trials show promise as treatments for several lymphoid malignancies, especially lymphoma, multiple myeloma and lymphoid leukemia. In the near future, the addition of ADCs to the armamentarium of anticancer drugs should offer novel and more targeted treatment strategies.
Free Electron Laser. (1976)

Construction of the high current pulsed gun was completed and the system was used with the superconducting accelerator to generate a high current 24 MeV electron beam. Experiments were conducted with the free electron laser oscillator at 10 microns. The pulsed gun consists of the electron gun and the electronics to drive the gun. The electronics was designed to the gun at a rate corresponding to the round trip optical transit time for the FEL resonator (11.8 MHz) while maintaining the pulse length below 1.5 nsec.
A 64-Pixel 0.42-THz Source SoC With Spatial Modulation Diversity for Computational Imaging (2020)

This article presents a terahertz (THz) source system-on-a-chip (SoC) specifically designed for computational imaging with a single-pixel camera (SPC). The SoC consists of an 8 × 8 array of independent, frequency-unlocked THz sources that together radiate maximum 10.3-dBm power at 0.42 THz. Each source pixel is composed of a fundamental Colpitts oscillator, followed by a common-collector doubler and an on-chip circular slot antenna. The THz power radiated from the array can be modulated in space by turning the pixels on or off individually with 100% modulation depth. The SoC integrates a dedicated memory space where 64 of such spatial patterns can be stored and triggered externally at up to 10-MHz modulation rate. The spatial modulation can be additionally multiplexed with separate programmable chopping rates for individual pixels. The combined modulation diversity provides a highly reconfigurable THz light projection for SPCs. Furthermore, each pixel also incorporates a built-in power-test (BIST) for an in situ radiation power monitoring and calibration. All of the aforementioned functions are programmable with an integrated application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) through a standard SPI interface. This integration level readily allows low-cost aperture scaling by combining multiple chips at the board level. The SoC was applied in a compact, 8 × 8 pixel, silicon-only THz SPC that captures transmission-mode images at 25 frames/s with 40-dB voltage dynamic range. With an appropriate receiver and baseband processing, the imaging speed of such SPCs can be extended to thousands of frames per second.
Assessment of Chronic Wounds by Three-Dimensional Optical Imaging Based on Integrating Geometrical, Chromatic, and Thermal Data (2010)

Chronic wounds represent a particular debilitating health care problem, mainly affecting elderly people. A full and correct diagnosis of tissue damage should be carried out considering both dimensional, chromatic, and thermal parameters. A great variety of methods have been proposed with the aim of producing objective assessment of skin lesions, but none of the existing technologies seem to be robust enough to work for all ulcer typologies. This paper describes an innovative and non-invasive system that allows the automatic measurement of non-healing chronic wounds. The methodology involves the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) optical scanner, based on a structured light approach, with a thermal imager. The system enables the acquisition of geometrical data, which are directly related to chromatic and temperature patterns through a mapping procedure. Damaged skin areas are detected by combining visible and thermal imaging. This approach allows for the automatic measurement of extension and depth of ulcers, even in the absence of significant and well-defined chromatic patterns. The proposed technology has been tested in the measurement of ulcers on human legs. Clinical tests have demonstrated the effectiveness of this methodology in supporting medical experts for the assessment of chronic wounds.
Four channel DS1 framer (2002)

A four channel DS1 framer chip has been developed for deployment in multichannel T1 systems, SONET add-drop multiplexers, T3 multiplexes, and ATM over T1 applications. Area reduction was realized through the use of a high speed clock, permitting use of shared resources and construction of simple arbiters for single port RAM. For further gate reduction, a state-machine based framing algorithm utilizing RAM as next state memory was developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor decreases the expression of occludin and transendothelial resistance (TER) and increases paracellular permeability in human vascular endothelial cells (1999)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), a multi function cytokine has been shown to regulate the expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. In the current study, we examined the effects of HGF/SF on the function of tight junctions and the expression of occludin in these cells. Stimulation of human vascular endothelial cells with HGF/SF resulted in a concentration dependent increase in the paracellular permeability as measured using fluorescence labelled dextran but a decrease in the transendothelial cell resistance (TER) of the endothelial cells. Western blotting revealed that HGF/SF decreased the level of occludin in the cells, a primary tight junction forming protein. Immunofluorescence study indicated that shortly after treatment with HGF/SF there was a disturbance of the distribution of occludin and then a reduction in the staining of the molecule. It is concluded that HGF/SF decreases the expression of occludin, resulting in the functional change of tight junction.
Coupling Random Orthonormal Projection with Gaussian Generative Model for Non-Interactive Private Data Release (2017)

A key challenge facing the design of differential privacy in the non-interactive setting is to maintain the utility of the released data. To overcome this challenge, we utilize the Diaconis-Freedman-Meckes (DFM) effect, which states that most projections of high-dimensional data are nearly Gaussian. Hence, we propose the RON-Gauss model that leverages the novel combination of dimensionality reduction via random orthonormal (RON) projection and the Gaussian generative model for synthesizing differentially-private data. We analyze how RON-Gauss benefits from the DFM effect, and present multiple algorithms for a range of machine learning applications, including both unsupervised and supervised learning. Furthermore, we rigorously prove that (a) our algorithms satisfy the strong $\epsilon$-differential privacy guarantee, and (b) RON projection can lower the level of perturbation required for differential privacy. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of RON-Gauss under three common machine learning applications -- clustering, classification, and regression -- on three large real-world datasets. Our empirical results show that (a) RON-Gauss outperforms previous approaches by up to an order of magnitude, and (b) loss in utility compared to the non-private real data is small. Thus, RON-Gauss can serve as a key enabler for real-world deployment of privacy-preserving data release.
A opçào pela literatura de massa: simples lazer, ou alienaçào? (2000)

DEMUESTRA LOS ARGUMENTOS DEFENDIDOS POR LAS LÍNEAS DICOTÓMICAS DE ESTUDIOSOS DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA LITERATURAS DE LAS MASAS: LA PRIMERA, DENOMINADA ALIENADORA, CONDUCE A LA ACOMODACIÓN; LA OTRA EN CONTRAPARTIDA, AMORTIGUA ESOS EFECTOS AFIRMANDO QUE POR ÍNFIMA QUE SEA, TODA LECTURA AUMENTA E ALGO EL ACERVO DEL CONOCIMIENTO DEL LECTOR, DE ACUERDO CON SU VIVENCIA. PRESENTA UNA FUNDAMENTACIÓN TEÓRICA DE CIERTOS AUTORES QUE INVESTIGAN LA LITERATURA DE MASAS, DESTACANDO LA TRAYECTORIA DE LOS FOLLETINES (NOVELAS ROSAS) EN LA SOCIEDAD OCCIDENTAL Y EL PAPEL QUE ESTOS EJERCEN EN LA DIVULGACIÓN DE PROBLEMAS SOCIALES.
Principles of Gating (1998)

Few aspects of flow cytometry are common to every application. Gating principles is one. This unit provides an excellent overview as well as detailed conceptual material on how gating works, when certain types of gating should or should not be applied, and the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. This unit should be required reading for every technician using a flow cytometer and every graduate student starting out in the area, and is an excellent refresher for those more advanced in the technology. It brings out the historical development of our understanding of gating applications as well as providing a high level of technical accuracy.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in DNA methylation with age: an epigenome-wide analysis revealing over 60 novel age-associated CpG sites (2013)

Understanding the role of epigenetic modifications, e.g. DNA methylation, in the process of aging requires the characterization of methylation patterns in large cohorts. We analysed >480 000 CpG sites using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina) in whole blood DNA of 965 participants of a population-based cohort study aged between 50 and 75 years. In an exploratory analysis in 400 individuals, 200 CpG sites with the highest Spearman correlation coefficients for the association between methylation and age were identified. Of these 200 CpGs, 162 were significantly associated with age, which was verified in an independent cohort of 498 individuals using mixed linear regression models adjusted for gender, smoking behaviour, age-related diseases and random batch effect and corrected for multiple testing by Bonferroni. In another independent cohort of 67 individuals without history of major age-related diseases and with a follow-up of 8 years, we observed a gain in methylation at 96% (52%, significant) of the positively age-associated CpGs and a loss at all (89%, significant) of the negatively age-associated CpGs in each individual while getting 8 years older. A regression model for age prediction based on 17 CpGs as predicting variables explained 71% of the variance in age with an average accuracy of 2.6 years. In comparison with cord blood samples obtained from the Ulm Birth Cohort Study, we observed a more than 2-fold change in mean methylation levels from birth to older age at 86 CpGs. We were able to identify 65 novel CpG sites with significant association of methylation with age.