gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low glucose degradation products dialysis solution modulates the levels of surrogate markers of peritoneal inflammation, integrity, and angiogenesis: preliminary report (2003)

The presence of glucose degradation products (GDPs) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids has many adverse effects, namely clinically significant abdominal pain or discomfort during infusion, inhibition of cell proliferation, impairment of inflammatory cell function, cytotoxicity, and the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In a prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing a low GDP PD solution (pH 7.0, two compartment bag: low GDP) to conventional PD solution (pH 5.5: high GDP), the overnight dialysate levels of the markers of inflammation/wound healing (hyaluronic acid (HA)), mesothelial cell mass/membrane integrity (cancer antigen 125 (CA125)), and angiogenesis (VEGF) were assessed over a 12-month period. Twenty-six newly commencing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were randomly assigned to either the Low GDP group (n = 16) or the High GDP group (n = 10). Standard peritoneal permeability analysis for membrane transport characteristics and dialysis adequacy with nutritional status (serum albumin, nPCR) were evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months. In patients treated with high GDP solution, there was significant increase in VEGF with time (time = 1 month, 67.2 +/- 10.8; time = 6 months, 189.8 +/- 90.2; and time = 12 months, 169.3 +/- 83.1 pg/mg of protein; P < 0.05). There was no significant change of VEGF with time in the low GDP group. Significantly higher concentrations of CA125 (65.5 +/- 10.4 vs. 19.7 +/- 2.6 at 1 month, P < 0.0001; 66.6 +/- 9.8 vs. 29.7 +/- 5.0 at 6 months, P < 0.01; 68.7 +/- 10.5 vs. 30.7 +/- 10.0 U/mL at 12 months, P < 0.01) and lower concentrations of HA (114.6 +/- 18.8 vs. 254.3 +/- 69.2 at 1 month, P < 0.05; 417.5 +/- 57.2 vs. 1277.5 +/- 367.9 ng/mg of protein at 12 month, P < 0.05) were observed in the low GDP group compared with the high GDP group. In conclusion, continuous therapy with the low GDP solution modulates the levels of surrogate markers of peritoneal inflammation, integrity and angiogenesis. The results strongly suggest that the use of a low GDP solution would be beneficial to maintain the function and structural integrity of the peritoneal membrane.
Computed Tomography Sinogram Inpainting With Compound Prior Modelling Both Sinogram and Image Sparsity (2016)

The presence of metal objects remains a challenge in x-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. Sinograms passing through metals, called metal trace, usually provide uncorrected information and are considered missing in CT image reconstruction. The sparse prior of an image in some appropriate transform domains, defined implicit sparsity, is often used in sinogram inpainting methods for metal trace recovery. However, conventional inpainting methods only employ the implicit sparsity of a sinogram and often result in several artifacts in the reconstructed images. In this paper, we propose a sinogram inpainting model with implicit sparsity exploitation for both sinogram and image. A newly added regularization term, which minimizes the sparse representation of image objects, is utilized to reduce unwanted artifacts and preserve fine structures. To solve the proposed model, we then present an efficient iterative algorithm based on the Chambolle-Pock optimization approach. The results for both digital phantom and actual CT data indicate that the new inpainting method exhibits reasonable performance and outperforms the conventional methods when applied to metal artifact reduction problems.
Semantic web languages: RDF vs. SOAP serialisation (2001)

Although RDF is considered the Semantic Web language, it may not be the only one. SOAP serialisation provides several advantages, especially if the Semantic Web is not just about providing meta data for existing web pages, but also about exchange of content that is machine-readable in the first place. This paper discusses some problems with the RDF syntax and data model. RDF is compared to SOAP, and some SOAP advantages like better integration with existing standards and systems, improved readability, and industry support are pointed out.
Differentiation of Human Wharton's Jelly Cells Toward Nucleus Pulposus-Like Cells After Coculture with Nucleus Pulposus Cells <i>In Vitro</i> (2011)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether human Wharton's jelly cells (WJCs) could be differentiated into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells by coculturing with NP cells (NPCs) in vitro. WJCs were isolated from the human umbilical cord, and NPCs were isolated from healthy human intervertebral disc. After coculturing WJCs with NPCs in a monolayer environment with or without cell-cell contact for 7 days, the real-time polymerase chain reaction showed the relative gene expressions of NP-marker genes (aggrecan, type II collagens, and SRY-type HMG box-9) were significantly increased (p<0.05) in all groups, and the increase in the group of 25:75/WJCs:NPCs was the largest (p<0.05). The increases of relative gene expression in WJCs cocultured with cell-cell contact were larger than those cocultured without contact in all ratios (p<0.05). WJCs were positive for telomerase expression. Flow cytometry analyses showed that WJCs expressed CD73, CD105, CD90, CD29, CD166, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC while being negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. The results of this study indicated that the WJCs had the feature of the mesenchymal stem cell and might be induced to differentiate to NP-like cells by coculturing with NPCs.
The luminescence of manganese-doped zinc selenide (1973)

The excitation and emission spectra of manganese-doped single crystals of zinc selenide have been measured. At 85 K three excitation bands were observed with maxima at 5370, 5025 and 4650 Å. When excitation was provided with wavelengths lying within the 5370 Å band, the characteristic emission of Mn2+ was observed with a maximum at 5860 Å. When ultraviolet excitation was provided (mercury 3650 Å), a much broader emission was observed with a maximum in the range 6200-6300 Å. Two other emission bands can occur in the vicinity of the Mn2+ band; these have maxima at 6150 and 6400 Å. It is suggested that they are in fact the self-activated and low-energy copper emission of zinc selenide. These bands are excited preferentially by ultra-violet radiation and swamp the manganese emission.
Microtubule-organizing centers and cell migration: effect of inhibition of migration and microtubule disruption in endothelial cells. (1983)

We have previously shown that microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC's) become preferentially oriented towards the leading edge of migrating endothelial cells (EC's) at the margin of an experimentally induced wound made in a confluent EC monolayer. To learn more about the mechanism responsible for the reorientation of MTOC's and to determine whether a similar reorientation takes place when cell migration is inhibited, we incubated the wounded cultures with colcemid (C) and cytochalasin B (CB), which disrupt microtubules (MT's) and microfilaments (MF's), respectively. The results obtained showed that the MTOC reorientation can occur independent of cell migration since MTOC's reoriented preferentially toward the wound edge in the CB-treated cultures, even though forward migration of the EC was inhibited. In addition, the MTOC reorientation is inhibited by C, indicating that it requires an intact system of MT's and/or other intracellular structures whose distribution is dependent on that of MT's.
Modeling Pilot State in Next Generation Aircraft Alert Systems (2011)

The Next Generation Air Transportation System will introduce new, advanced sensor technologies into the cockpit that must convey a large number of potentially complex alerts. Our work focuses on the challenges associated with prioritizing aircraft sensor alerts in a quick and efficient manner, essentially determining when and how to the pilot This alert decision becomes very difficult in NextGen due to the following challenges: 1) the increasing number of potential hazards, 2) the uncertainty associated with the state of potential hazards as well as pilot slate , and 3) the limited time to make safely-critical decisions. In this paper, we focus on pilot state and present a model for anticipating duration and quality of pilot behavior, for use in a larger system which issues aircraft alerts. We estimate pilot workload, which we model as being dependent on factors including mental effort, task demands. and task performance. We perform a mathematically rigorous analysis of the model and resulting alerting plans. We simulate the model in software and present simulated results with respect to manipulation of the pilot measures.
Wide-band services in a DS-CDMA based FPLMTS system (2002)

Two methods used to implement variable-rate services in a DS-CDMA based FPLMTS system are studied, multi-code transmission and single-code transmission using a variable spreading factor. The methods are compared in terms of performance, complexity, and flexibility. It is found that none of the methods is, in general, superior to the other and the choice of method depends on the importance of different criteria.
A database to support development and evaluation of intelligent intensive care monitoring (2002)

Development and evaluation of automated decision support systems requires large amounts of well-characterized, reproducible test data. The MIMIC (Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care) Database is intended to meet these needs. The database, currently nearing completion, will include 100 patient records, each typically containing between 24 and 48 hours of continuous data recorded from patient monitors in the medical, surgical, and cardiac intensive care units of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital. Each record will be accompanied by detailed clinical data derived from the patient's medical record and from the hospital's on-line medical information systems. We select patients to record from those likely to be hemodynamically unstable during the planned recording period. We expect to complete the selection of the recordings to be included in the database by the end of 1996, and to make the database available to other researchers shortly thereafter.
A Hydrogen Liquefier Using Neon as an Intermediate (1952)

A hydrogen liquefier is described in which the hydrogen is condensed at 6.6 atmospheres by means of liquid neon produced in a Joule-Thomson liquefier. This cascade liquefier produced and consumed 17 liters/hour of liquid neon and produced 27.5 liters/hour of liquid hydrogen, representing an increase of 6 to 20 percent over direct Joule-Thomson liquefaction of hydrogen. Means are described whereby further increase in yield and ease of operation could be achieved. Owing to some mechanical difficulties, the elimination of which would mean major construction changes, the system was abandoned in favor of the original Joule-Thomson method.
Backbone FCH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds in 2′F‐Substituted Nucleic Acids (2013)

Polarizing CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds: The structure of oligonucleotides containing alternating and contiguous tracts of 2′F-RNA and 2′F-ANA nucleotides reveals that nonconventional FCH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds have a strong stabilizing effect on 2′-fluorinated duplexes. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electrokinetically enhanced vacuum dewatering of mineral slurries (1996)

Vacuum dewatering of titanium oxohydrate and pyrite slurries was enhanced electrokinetically through application of a constant DC voltage across the bed. The power was applied either continuously or in an interrupted mode, with the electrodes short-circuited during the periods of power interruption. The interrupted mode removed more water than continuous power, with a lower consumption of energy. Additional water could be removed in the interrupted mode by adding base at the anode to neutralise the acidity produced by the reaction at the anode when the power was on.
Neuraminidase Receptor Binding Variants of Human Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses Resulting from Substitution of Aspartic Acid 151 in the Catalytic Site: a Role in Virus Attachment? (2010)

Changes in the receptor binding characteristics of human H3N2 viruses have been evident from changes in the agglutination of different red blood cells (RBCs) and the reduced growth capacity of recently isolated viruses, particularly in embryonated eggs. An additional peculiarity of viruses circulating in 2005 to 2009 has been the poor inhibition of hemagglutination by postinfection ferret antisera for many viruses isolated in MDCK cells, including homologous reference viruses. This was shown not to be due to an antigenic change in hemagglutinin (HA) but was shown to be the result of a mutation in aspartic acid 151 of neuraminidase (NA) to glycine, asparagine, or alanine, which caused an oseltamivir-sensitive agglutination of RBCs. The D151G substitution was shown to cause a change in the specificity of NA such that it acquired the capacity to bind receptors, which were refractory to enzymatic cleavage, without altering its ability to remove receptors for HA. Thus, the inhibition of NA-dependent agglutination by the inclusion of oseltamivir carboxylate in the assay was effective in restoring the anti-HA specificity of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for monitoring antigenic changes in HA. Since the NA-dependent binding activity did not affect virus neutralization, and virus populations in clinical specimens possessed, at most, low levels of the "151 mutant," the biological significance of this feature of NA in, for example, immune evasion is unclear. It is apparent, however, that an important role of aspartic acid 151 in the activity of NA may be to restrict the specificity of the NA interaction and its receptor-destroying activity to complement that of HA receptor binding.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Protected Indoles (2010)

Chiral indolines substituted at C-2 or C-3 can be prepared in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity by asymmetric hydrogenation of N-protected indoles by using Ir catalysts with chiral N,P ligands. With less reactive substrates, the reaction had to be carried out at elevated temperature, but even at 60–110 °C very high enantiomeric excesses of up to 98–99 % could be obtained (see scheme).
Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Potential Agonists for the Human Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptor (2004)

New adenosine derivatives have been synthesized and tested as putative agonists of adenosine receptors. Compounds 2-6 derive from the introduction of several types of substituents (electron donating, electron withdrawing, and halogens) in the para-position of the phenyl ring of the parent compound 1, and compound 7 lacks the hydroxyl group of amino alcohol 1. In radioligand binding assays using recombinant human A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors, all compounds showed very low or negligible affinity for A(1) and A(2B) receptors but compounds 3, 5, and 7 displayed a remarkably potent affinity for the A(2A) receptor with K(i) values of 1-5 nM. Bromo derivative 3 displayed a selectivity A(1)/A(2A) = 62 and A(3)/A(2A) = 16 whereas the presence of a hydroxyl group (compound 5) improved the selectivity of A(1)/A(2A) and A(3)/A(2A) to 120- and 28-fold, respectively. When the methoxy derivative 4 lacks the hydroxyl group on the side chain (compound 7), the binding affinity for A(2A) is increased to 1 nM, improving selectivity ratios to 356- and 100-fold against A(1) and A(3), respectively. In Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human A(2A) and A(2B) receptors, most compounds showed a remarkable activity for the A(2A) receptor, except chloro derivative 2, with EC(50) values ranging from 1.4 to 8.8 nM. The compounds behaved as good A(2A) agonists, and all were more selective than 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamino)adenosine (NECA), with A(2B)/A(2A) ratios of cAMP accumulation ranging from 48 for compound 2 to 666 for compound 7 while the corresponding A(2B)/A(2A) ratio for NECA was only 9. Compounds 1, 3, 5, and 7 also displayed higher selectivities than NECA up to 100-fold in isolated aortas of rat and guinea pig. In guinea pig tracheal rings precontracted by carbachol, compounds 2 and 4 were more potent than adenosine (100-fold) and NECA (10-fold), whereas compounds 1 and 7 displayed similar effects to NECA. Pretreatment of the tracheal rings with A(2), A(2A), and A(2B) receptor antagonists 3,7-dimethyl-l-propargylxanthine, 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine, and alloxazine produced a marked inhibition of the tracheal relaxations induced by compounds 1, 2, and 4, but none of the compounds showed selectivity toward any of the adenosine receptors.
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF SECURITIES TRADE SETTLEMENT MESSAGES APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF FORMAL LANGUAGES FOR BUSINESS COMMUNICATION (1993)

The increased use of network communications within industries, and among firms, suppliers, and customers, is focusing greater attention on the methods and standards for interorganizational communications. In the securities indushy, the settlement and clearing of trades depends on numerous messages to be sent and received by several organizations. Using the principles of Formal Languages for Business Communication (FLBC), we develop a message representation that is flexible and self-describing, and show how defeasible reasoning applied to settlement messages could handle problem trades. This application of FLBC offers advantages through machine-to-machine error reconcilement, integration with other market communications systems, and robustness to changes in securities design and regulation.
Guiding the osteogenic fate of mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells through feedback system control (2013)

Stem cell-based disease modeling presents unique opportunities for mechanistic elucidation and therapeutic targeting. The stable induction of fate-specific differentiation is an essential prerequisite for stem cell-based strategy. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) initiates receptor-regulated Smad phosphorylation, leading to the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) in vitro; however, it requires supra-physiological concentrations, presenting a bottleneck problem for large-scale drug screening. Here, we report the use of a double-objective feedback system control (FSC) with a differential evolution (DE) algorithm to identify osteogenic cocktails of extrinsic factors. Cocktails containing significantly reduced doses of BMP-2 in combination with physiologically relevant doses of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, heparin, retinoic acid and vitamin D achieved accelerated in vitro mineralization of mouse and human MSC. These results provide insight into constructive approaches of FSC to determine the applicable functional and physiological environment for MSC in disease modeling, drug screening and tissue engineering.
Analysis of Domains in the IKKα and IKKβ Proteins That Regulate Their Kinase Activity (2000)

The IkappaB kinases IKKalpha and IKKbeta are critical in activating the NF-kappaB pathway. Although these proteins have a similar structure that includes kinase, leucine zipper, and helix-loop-helix domains, they exhibit marked differences in their kinase activity and functional properties. For example, IKKbeta has a 10-20-fold higher level of kinase activity for IkappaBalpha than does IKKalpha. Furthermore, disruption of the murine IKKbeta gene, but not the IKKalpha gene, results in severe defects in activating the NF-kappaB pathway. Mice lacking IKKbeta succumb to severe hepatic apoptosis because of failure to activate the NF-kappaB pathway, whereas mice deficient in IKKalpha exhibit skin and skeletal abnormalities and an embryonic lethal phenotype. To better characterize differences in the functional properties of these kinases, hybrid IKK proteins were constructed by domain swapping, and their kinase activity was assayed. These studies demonstrated that differences in the IKKalpha and IKKbeta helix-loop-helix domains are primarily responsible for differences in their kinase activity. In contrast, their kinase and leucine zipper domains exhibited relatively conserved function. These studies further define the properties of IKKalpha and IKKbeta, which are involved in their unique regulatory roles.
A multi-channel filtering approach to texture segmentation (2002)

Multichannel filtering techniques are presented for obtaining both region- and edge-based segmentations of textured images. The channels are represented by a bank of even-symmetric Gabor filters that nearly uniformly covers the spatial-frequency domain. Feature images are obtained by subjecting each (selected) filtered image to a nonlinear transformation and computing a measure of energy around each pixel. Region-based segmentations are obtained by using a square-error clustering algorithm. Edge-based segmentations are obtained by applying an edge detector to each feature image and combining their magnitude responses. An integrated segmentation technique that combines the strengths of the previous two techniques while eliminating their weaknesses is proposed. The integrated approach is truly unsupervised, since it eliminates the need for knowing the exact number of texture categories in the image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Proteinases Excreted by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Marburg Strain during Sporulation (1970)

S ummary . This study has characterized 3 proteolytic enzymes during sporulation by Bacillus subtilis Marburg strain when grown in nutrient broth. A method of purification is described which permits the separation of 2 different proteinases: one belonging to the metal enzyme group and the other to the serine enzyme group. The third enzyme, probably an esterase, showed a high esterolytic activity, but only low proteolytic activity. Determination of the 3 enzymes in a mixture was accomplished by using specific substrates and inhibitors. They were excreted simultaneously between the end of the growth phase until the appearance of the prespores. During this entire period, 20% of the total proteolytic activity was due to the metal proteinase; 80% of the proteolytic activity and 15% of the esterolytic activity was due to the serine proteinase; 85% of the esterolytic activity was the result of the esterase. These findings will contribute to a more complete phenotypic characterization of those mutants of sporulation that appear to be involved in the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes.
Laparoscopic Gastric Banding: A Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment for Morbid Obesity (2003)

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is a beneficial operation in terms of excessive weight loss, with an acceptably low complication rate. It can noticeably improve the quality of life in obese patients. Half of the excess body weight can be effortlessly lost within 2 years.