gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Prevalence of Regulatory T Cells (Treg) is Induced by Pancreas Adenocarcinoma (2006)

We reported earlier that patients with breast or pancreas cancer have an increased prevalence of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the blood and tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor cells promote the prevalence of Treg. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) secreting murine pancreas adenocarcinoma, Pan02 cell line was injected into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and the prevalence of Treg in the TDLNs and tumor spleen was measured weekly. Compared with control mice, the prevalence of CD25+ CD4+ cells in TDLNs and in tumor spleen increased with tumor growth. Analysis of these CD25+ CD4+ T cells in vitro confirmed expression of the Treg marker, Foxp3. In addition, their functional activity resembled that of Treg, as evidenced by a poor proliferative capacity; suppression of proliferation of CD25- CD4 or CD8T cells and inhibition of interferon-gamma release by CD25- CD4+ T cells. Reconstitution of Pan02-bearing Rag-/- mice with naive syngeneic CD25- CD4+ T cells induced CD25+ CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in TDLNs, but not in the spleen. In contrast, Foxp3 was not detected in unreconstituted Pan02-bearing Rag-/- mice, or reconstituted mice bearing a TGF-beta-negative esophageal tumor. Furthermore, administration of neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody blocked the induction of Foxp3 in reconstituted Pan02-bearing Rag-/- mice. These results mimic earlier in vitro studies showing induction of Foxp3 through CD3 plus CD28 stimulation in the presence of TGF-beta. We conclude that Pan02 tumor promotes the prevalence of Treg, in part through the secretion of TGF-beta, which may result in immune evasion.
Analysis of the greedy approach in problems of maximumk-coverage (1998)

In this paper, we consider a general covering problem in which k subsets are to be selected such that their union covers as large a weight of objects from a universal set of elements as possible. Each subset selected must satisfy some structural constraints. We analyze the quality of a k-stage covering algorithm that relies, at each stage, on greedily selecting a subset that gives maximum improvement in terms of overall coverage. We show that such greedily constructed solutions are guaranteed to be within a factor of 1 − 1/e of the optimal solution. In some cases, selecting a best solution at each stage may itself be difficult; we show that if a β-approximate best solution is chosen at each stage, then the overall solution constructed is guaranteed to be within a factor of 1 − 1/eβ of the optimal. Our results also yield a simple proof that the number of subsets used by the greedy approach to achieve entire coverage of the universal set is within a logarithmic factor of the optimal number of subsets. Examples of problems that fall into the family of general covering problems considered, and for which the algorithmic results apply, are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 615–627, 1998
Design of high‐affinity S100‐target hybrid proteins (2009)

S100B and S100A10 are dimeric, EF-hand proteins. S100B undergoes a calcium-dependent conformational change allowing it to interact with a short contiguous sequence from the actin-capping protein CapZ (TRTK12). S100A10 does not bind calcium but is able to recruit the N-terminus of annexin A2 important for membrane fusion events, and to form larger multiprotein complexes such as that with the cation channel proteins TRPV5/6. In this work, we have designed, expressed, purified, and characterized two S100-target peptide hybrid proteins comprised of S100A10 and S100B linked in tandem to annexin A2 (residues 1-15) and CapZ (TRTK12), respectively. Different protease cleavage sites (tobacco etch virus, PreScission) were incorporated into the linkers of the hybrid proteins. In situ proteolytic cleavage monitored by (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectra showed the linker did not perturb the structures of the S100A10-annexin A2 or S100B-TRTK12 complexes. Furthermore, the analysis of the chemical shift assignments ((1)H, (15)N, and (13)C) showed that residues T102-S108 of annexin A2 formed a well-defined alpha-helix in the S100A10 hybrid while the TRTK12 region was unstructured at the N-terminus with a single turn of alpha-helix from D108-K111 in the S100B hybrid protein. The two S100 hybrid proteins provide a simple yet extremely efficient method for obtaining high yields of intact S100 target peptides. Since cleavage of the S100 hybrid protein is not necessary for structural characterization, this approach may be useful as a scaffold for larger S100 complexes.
Delimitation of biogeographic districts in central Patagonia (southern South America), based on beetle distributional patterns (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Tenebrionidae) (2002)

Based on distributional patterns of 93 beetle species belonging to the families Carabidae and Tenebrionidae, we identified three generalized tracks within the Central Patagonia biogeographic province, located in southern South America. These generalized tracks are considered natural biogeographic units, and herein treated as districts: (1) Payunia district: in the northwestern corner of the Central Patagonia biogeographic province, in southern Mendoza and northern Neuquén provinces in Argentina; (2) Central district: including the greatest part of the biogeographic province, extending from southern Río Negro to central Santa Cruz province in Argentina; and (3) Fuegian district: extending from southern Santa Cruz province in Argentina to northern Tierra del Fuego, in Argentina and Chile. Notably, these districts coincide with three geological basins: the Payunia district with the Neuquén basin, the Central district with the San Jorge basin, and the Fuegian district with the Magellanes basin.
Radar signal categorization using a neural network (1990)

Neural networks are used to analyze a complex simulated radar environment which contains noisy radar pulses generated by many different emitters. The neural network used is an energy-minimizing network. The limiting process contains the state vector within a set of limits, and this model is called the brain state in a box, or BSB model, which forms energy minima (attractors in the network dynamical system) based on learned input data. The system first determines how many emitters are present (the deinterleaving problem). Pulses from individual simulated emitters give rise to separate stable attractors in the network. Once individual emitters are characterized, it is possible to tentatively identify them based on their observed parameters. As a test of this idea, a neural network was used to form a small database that could potentially make emitter identification. There were three errors of classification. The number of iterations are required to reach an attractor state was very long, and some of the final states were not fully limited. These factors indicate the uncertainty of the neural network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Helicenes—A New Class of Organic Spin Filter (2016)

Chiral helicene, a fully conjugated system without stereogenic carbon, can filter spins effectively at room temperature, a consequence of the chiral-induced spin-selectivity effect. The chirality dictates the spin of the electrons transferred through helicene, and magnetoresistance devices based on these molecules show antisymmetric magnetoresistance versus H plots.
Bayesian Blind Deconvolution with application to acoustic Feedback Path modeling (2017)

Acoustic Feedback Path in a digital hearing aid is not only affected by the user's head and ear, but also by different acoustic environments. But some of these effects are common for a specific style of hearing aid and individual ear, i.e., this part will be invariant to the different acoustic environments and can be interpreted as the effects associated with that specific hearing aid and ear characteristics. In this article we propose a novel Bayesian Blind Deconvolution approach with exponentially decaying kernel and show its application in extracting the invariant part of the feedback path measurements of a digital hearing aid. Efficacy of our proposed approach in extracting the invariant part has been measured by using the extracted invariant part to model unseen test Feedback Path (FBP) measured from the same hearing aid but in a different acoustic environment, over existing methods.
Eigensnakes for vessel segmentation in angiography (2002)

We introduce a new deformable model, called eigensnake, for segmentation of elongated structures in a probabilistic framework. Instead of snake attraction by specific image features extracted independently of the snake, our eigensnake learns an optimal object description and searches for such image feature in the target image. This is achieved applying principal component analysis on image responses of a bank of Gaussian derivative filters. Therefore, attraction by eigensnakes is defined in terms of classification of image features. The potential energy for the snake is defined in terms of likelihood in the feature space and incorporated into a new energy minimising scheme. Hence, the snake deforms to minimise the mahalanobis distance in the feature space. A real application of segmenting and tracking coronary vessels in angiography is considered and the results are very encouraging.
Ultimate strength analysis of partially composite and fully composite open-web steel joists (1994)

The behavior of composite steel joists with various degrees of shear connection is investigated. The results of eight full-size composite joist tests, conducted as a portion of the study, are presented. Joist spans range from 24 ft. to 30 ft. and depths from 8 in. to 18 in. Six types of mechanical connectors provide horizontal shear transfer capacity. Steel deck supported slabs, from 3 in. to 4 in. thick, are used for all tests. The results of the experiments are used to evaluate the flexural strength and associated failure modes of partially composite and fully composite joists. The results of each test are compared to theoretical calculations based on an ultimate strength flexural model. The joists are classified by how the provided amount of shear connection compares to the bottom chord yield force and by how the provided amount of shear connection in conjunction with the top chord capacity compares to the bottom chord yield force. Behavior typical of each classification is discussed. Correlation with previously conducted composite joist tests of similar configuration is also discussed.
Gold Nanoparticle Based FRET Asssay for the Detection of DNA Cleavage (2006)

We report gold nanoparticle based FRET assay to monitor the cleavage of DNA by nucleases. Fluorescence signal enhancement is observed by a factor of 120 after the cleavage reaction in the presence of S1 nuclease. The mechanism of distant dependent fluorescence quenching has been discussed. Our experimental results on distance dependent fluorescence quenching match quite well with theoretical findings obtained from the fluorescence quenching model by Gersten and Nitzan (Surf. Sci. 1985, 158, 165). Our experimental observation paradigm for the design of optical based molecular ruler strategies at distances more than double the distances achievable using traditional dipole-dipole Columbic energy transfer based methods.
Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Impurities in Technical Methoxychlor (1980)

Abstract The impurities in technical methoxychlor were concentrated by removing most of the 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane by recrystallization. Analysis of the impurities by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry provided evidence for more than 50 compounds. Twenty-five of these were identified through interpretation of mass spectra and synthesis.
Four different types of protease‐activated receptors are widely expressed in the brain and are up‐regulated in hippocampus by severe ischemia (2001)

A variety of extracellular serine proteases are expressed in the central nervous system or might permeate the blood-brain barrier under pathological conditions. However, their intracerebral targets and physiological functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that four distinct subtypes of protease-activated receptors (PARs) are abundantly expressed in the adult rat brain and in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. PAR-1 expression was significant in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala. Highest densities of PAR-2 and PAR-3 were observed in hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus and striatum. Apart from the striatum, a similar localization was found for PAR-4. Within the hippocampal formation, each PAR subtype was predominantly localized in the pyramidal cell layers. Additionally, we identified PAR-2 in mossy fibers between dentate gyrus and CA3, PAR-3 in the subiculum and PAR-4 in CA3 and in mossy fibres as well as in the stratum lacunosum moleculare. After exposing hippocampal slice cultures to a severe experimental ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation), the expression of PARs 1-3 was up-regulated with subtype-specific kinetics. The localization of PARs in brain regions particularly vulnerable to ischemic insults as well as distinct alterations in the expression pattern after experimental ischemia support the notion of an important role of extracellular serine proteases and PARs in cerebral ischemia.
<i>N</i>‐Salicyloyltryptamine, a new anticonvulsant drug, acts on voltage‐dependent Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup> ion channels (2003)

1. The aim of this work was to study the effects of N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP), a novel anticonvulsant agent, on voltage-gated ion channels in GH3 cells. 2. In this study, we show that STP at 17 microM inhibited up to 59.2+/-10.4% of the Ito and 73.1+/-8.56% of the IKD K+ currents in GH3 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of the drug STP on K+ currents was dose-dependent (IC50=34.6+/-8.14 microM for Ito) and partially reversible after washing off. 3. Repeated stimulation at 1 Hz (STP at 17 microM) led to the total disappearance of Ito current, and an enhancement of IKD. 4. In the cell-attached configuration, application of STP to the bath increased the open probability of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. 5. STP at 17 microM inhibited the L-type Ca2+ current by 54.9+/-7.50% without any significant changes in the voltage dependence. 6. STP at 170 microM inhibited the TTX-sensitive Na+ current by 22.1+/-2.41%. At a lower concentration (17 microM), no effect on INa was observed. 7. The pharmacological profile described here might contribute to the neuroprotective effect exerted by this compound in experimental 'in vivo' models.
Structural elucidation of naturally occurring 9, 12, 13-trihydroxy fatty acids by a synthetic study. (1991)

Our investigation on anti-rice blast fungus materials from the rice plant has already led to the isolation of various types of oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids, which play an essential role in the defense of the rice plant against this fungus. Among those isolated were 9,12,13-trihydroxy C-18 fatty acids. We have determined the relative stereochemistry of the trihydroxy acid by synthesizing the possible stereoisomers. This paper describes the details of our synthetic study, demonstrating the fatty acid to be 95r,125r,135-trihydroxyoctadeca-10t,15Z-dienoic acid and its 15-dihydro analogue.
Notes - The Acetylation of Organic Hydroxy Compounds with Ketene (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - The Acetylation of Organic Hydroxy Compounds with KeteneRalph Dunbar and Luther BolstadCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 9, 1041–1044Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online4 March 2003Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01115a613https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01115a613research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Method for the Determination of the Solid Phase Content of Fats Using Pulse Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1978)

Abstract Until quite recently dilatation measurements were frequently used to provide information related to the solid phase content of commercial shortenings and margarine fats. With the appearance of reliable and relatively inexpensive pulsed magnetic resonance spectrometers it has become possible to replace the tedious and laborious dilatation technique by one using pulse nuclear magnetic resonance. This method has been shown to have considerable advantages over the continuous wave nuclear magnetic resonance technique for solids content determination in fats favoured by some workers and has now found extensive application within Unilever. A review of the basic method employed within Unilever for solids content determination in margarine fats is given and is discussed in the light of more than five years of experience of the use of the method within the Unilever margarine business. The extension of the above method for solids content determination in margarine fats to enable the measurement of solids content in confectionery fats is also described.
Transgenic and gene targeting studies of hair cell function in mouse inner ear (2002)

Despite the rapid discovery of a large number of genes in sensory hair cells of the inner ear, the functional roles of these genes in hair cells remain largely undetermined. Recent advances in transgenic and gene targeting technologies in mice have offered unprecedented opportunities to genetically manipulate the expression of these genes and to study their functional roles in hair cells in vivo. Transgenic analyses have revealed the presence of hair-cell-specific promoters in the genes encoding Math1, myosin VIIa, Pou4f3, and the alpha9 subunit of the acetylcholine receptor (alpha9 AChR). Targeted inactivation using embryonic stem cell technology and transgenic expression studies have revealed the roles of several genes involved in hair cell lineage (Math1), differentiation (Pou4f3), mechanotransduction (Myo1c, and Myo7a), electromotility (Prestin), and efferent modulation (Chrna9, encoding alpha9 AChR). Although many of these genes also play roles in other tissues, inactivation of these genes in hair cells alone will soon be possible by using the Cre-loxP system. Also imminent is the development of genetic methods to inactivate genes specifically in mouse hair cells at a desired time, by using inducible systems established in other types of neurons. Combining these types of manipulation of gene expression will enable hearing researchers to elucidate some of the fundamental and unique features of hair cell function such as mechanotransduction, frequency tuning, active mechanical amplification, and efferent modulation.
The Era of Molecular and Other Non-Culture-Based Methods in Diagnosis of Sepsis (2010)

Sepsis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, is a clinical syndrome with signs and symptoms relating to an infectious event and the consequent important inflammatory response. From a clinical point of view, sepsis is a continuous process ranging from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to multiple-organ-dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Blood cultures are the current "gold standard" for diagnosis, and they are based on the detection of viable microorganisms present in blood. However, on some occasions, blood cultures have intrinsic limitations in terms of sensitivity and rapidity, and it is not expected that these drawbacks will be overcome by significant improvements in the near future. For these principal reasons, other approaches are therefore needed in association with blood culture to improve the overall diagnostic yield for septic patients. These considerations have represented the rationale for the development of highly sensitive and fast laboratory methods. This review addresses non-culture-based techniques for the diagnosis of sepsis, including molecular and other non-culture-based methods. In particular, the potential clinical role for the sensitive and rapid detection of bacterial and fungal DNA in the development of new diagnostic algorithms is discussed.
The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and is required for expression of <i>Sox5</i> and <i>Sox6</i> (2002)

To examine whether the transcription factor Sox9 has an essential role during the sequential steps of chondrocyte differentiation, we have used the Cre/loxP recombination system to generate mouse embryos in which either Sox9 is missing from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of limb buds or the Sox9 gene is inactivated after chondrogenic mesenchymal condensations. Inactivation of Sox9 in limb buds before mesenchymal condensations resulted in a complete absence of both cartilage and bone, but markers for the different axes of limb development showed a normal pattern of expression. Apoptotic domains within the developing limbs were expanded, suggesting that Sox9 suppresses apoptosis. Expression of Sox5 and Sox6, two other Sox genes involved in chondrogenesis, was no longer detected. Moreover, expression of Runx2, a transcription factor needed for osteoblast differentiation, was also abolished. Embryos, in which Sox9 was deleted after mesenchymal condensations, exhibited a severe generalized chondrodysplasia, similar to that in Sox5; Sox6 double-null mutant mice. Most cells were arrested as condensed mesenchymal cells and did not undergo overt differentiation into chondrocytes. Furthermore, chondrocyte proliferation was severely inhibited and joint formation was defective. Although Indian hedgehog, Patched1, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (Pthrp), and Pth/Pthrp receptor were expressed, their expression was down-regulated. Our experiments further suggested that Sox9 is also needed to prevent conversion of proliferating chondrocytes into hypertrophic chondrocytes. We conclude that Sox9 is required during sequential steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway.