gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Function during Neurectomy in Halothaneanesthetized Horses with or without Constant Dose Detomidine Infusion (1992)

Nine horses were premediated with acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and thiamylal. Anesthesia was maintained in four horses with halothane in oxygen, and in five horses with halothane in oxygen plus a constant dose infusion of detomidine. Both maintenance regimens produced a MAC equivalent of 1.4 at the ambient barometric pressure. Hemodynamic and respiratory measurements were made after the horses were anesthetized, during surgical manipulations involving skin or tissues other than nerves, during manipulation and transection of digital nerves, and after surgery while the limbs were being bandaged. Heart rate was significantly higher in horses anesthetized with halothane only than in horses that also received detomidine; there were no other differences in hemodynamic function or recovery characteristics. Respiratory rate was significantly higher than baseline during soft tissue and nerve manipulations; arterial blood pressure was significantly higher after surgery began and highest during neurectomy; cardiac output and cardiac index were significantly decreased during surgery; systemic vascular resistance was significantly increased during neurectomy and bandaging and highest during neurectomy. The data suggest that the increase in blood pressure often associated with surgical stimulation is caused by increased vascular resistance and may be accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output.
Blocking IFNAR1 inhibits multiple myeloma–driven Treg expansion and immunosuppression (2018)

Despite significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), most patients succumb to disease progression. One of the major immunosuppressive mechanisms that is believed to play a role in myeloma progression is the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we demonstrate that myeloma cells drive Treg expansion and activation by secreting type 1 interferon (IFN). Blocking IFN α and β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) on Tregs significantly decreases both myeloma-associated Treg immunosuppressive function and myeloma progression. Using syngeneic transplantable murine myeloma models and bone marrow (BM) aspirates of MM patients, we found that Tregs were expanded and activated in the BM microenvironment at early stages of myeloma development. Selective depletion of Tregs led to a complete remission and prolonged survival in mice injected with myeloma cells. Further analysis of the interaction between myeloma cells and Tregs using gene sequencing and enrichment analysis uncovered a feedback loop, wherein myeloma-cell-secreted type 1 IFN induced proliferation and expansion of Tregs. By using IFNAR1-blocking antibody treatment and IFNAR1-knockout Tregs, we demonstrated a significant decrease in myeloma-associated Treg proliferation, which was associated with longer survival of myeloma-injected mice. Our results thus suggest that blocking type 1 IFN signaling represents a potential strategy to target immunosuppressive Treg function in MM.
Formate-Dependent Growth and Homoacetogenic Fermentation by a Bacterium from Human Feces: Description of <i>Bryantella formatexigens</i> gen. nov., sp. nov (2003)

Formate stimulates growth of a new bacterium from human feces. With high formate, it ferments glucose to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The original isolate fermented vegetable cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, but it lost this ability after storage at -76 degrees C. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identifies it as a distinct line within the Clostridium coccoides supra-generic rRNA grouping. We propose naming it Bryantella formatexigens gen. nov., sp. nov.
Beta1,6-N-acetylglucosamine-bearing N-glycans in human gliomas: implications for a role in regulating invasivity. (2000)

The metastatic potential of tumor cells has been shown to be correlated with the expression of tri- and tetra-antennary beta1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (beta1,6-GlcNAc)-bearing N-glycans, which are recognized by Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin (L-PHA). The expression of beta1,6-GlcNAc-bearing N-glycans also has been used as a marker of tumor progression in human breast and colon cancers. In this report, the role of N-glycan branching in regulating glioma migration and invasion was examined. The expression of beta1,6-GlcNAc-bearing N-glycans was found in human glioma specimens, whereas astrocytes from normal adult brain were negative. The expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) mRNA, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of beta1,6-GlcNAc-bearing N-glycans, was high in glioma cell lines with robust ets-1 expression. To study the molecular mechanism of GnT-V expression in human glioma cells, an inducible ets-1 gene was stably transfected into SNB-19 cells using a tetracycline repressor system. GnT-V mRNA expression was increased by the induction of c-ets-1, suggesting that the Ets-1 transcription factor directly regulates the transcription of GnT-V. Stable transfection of GnT-V into human glioma U-373 MG cells resulted in changes in cell morphology and focal adhesions and a marked increase in glioma invasivity in vitro. L-PHA has little effect on cell migration. On the contrary, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinating lectin (E-PHA), which recognizes bisecting beta1,4-GlcNAc-bearing N-glycans, strongly inhibits cell migration (haptotaxis) on a fibronectin substrate in U-373 MG transfectants and other glioma cell lines tested. These results suggest that the increased beta1,6-GlcNAc-bearing N-glycan expression found in malignant gliomas is modulated by GnT-V through the Ets-1 transcription factor, and that the branching of complex type N-glycans plays a major role in glioma invasivity.
Development of the Forward-Looking Active Micro-Catheter Actuated by Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Springs (2009)

This paper describes fabrication, characterization, and demonstration of a novel active micro-catheter with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators for wide range of forward-looking area to remedy diseased area inside a blood vessel. The developed active micro-catheter consists of eight Ti-Ni SMA spring actuators for catheter actuation, an ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer for forward-looking, a guide wire, a polyurethane tube for catheter coating, and spiral wirings for various flexure motions of catheter by Ti-Ni SMA actuators. The size of the catheter is 3.5 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length of the sum of transducer and actuator sections. Ti-Ni SMA springs were fabricated from a Ti-50at.% Ni sheet by electrochemical etching with a mixed solution of ethanol and lithium chloride. The micro-catheter was assembled by hand under a stereomicroscope. The tip of the produced micro-catheter was able to bend toward at least eight directions by controlling an applied current to Ti-Ni SMA springs. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the active micro-catheter by carrying out experiments on blood vessels in a small animal.
BLOCK COPOLYMER MODIFICATION OF ASPHALT INTENDED FOR SURFACE DRESSING APPLICATIONS (WITH DISCUSSION) (1985)

This paper reviews the basic properties of thermoplastic block copolymers and investigates the effects that can be achieved by blending with asphalt. The original properties of the base asphalt of course influence the final characteristics of such blends. Hence, the data presented can only serve as a rough guide to the prediction of ultimate physical properties. The polymers included in the present study are of the general class of styrene blocks with varying types of rubber blocks.
Mapping the human glucocorticoid receptor for leukemic cell death (1991)

We have mapped the regions of the glucocorticoid receptor important for killing the cells of a line of human leukemic lymphoblasts. The results show that the glucocorticoid response element-specific DNA binding domain is essential, and that only the sequence including the amino acids that subsume the first zinc finger through about half of the second zinc finger are absolutely necessary. Furthermore, in contrast to assays of receptor mutants for ability to increase gene transcription, deletion of the steroid binding domain results in a functionally constitutive receptor fully as active for cell kill as is the holoreceptor after addition of ligand. Deletion of most known transcription-activation, dimerization, ligand-binding, and nuclear translocation regions still leaves a receptor fragment highly potent for cell lethality. The results suggest that delivery systems for such a fragment could result in effective new therapies for certain malignancies.
Risk reduction measures for the development of biomass rotary kiln gasification (2002)

This report summarises the results of a project aiming to reduce the risks associated with the design and operation of a rotary kiln for gasifying biomass. The work was carried out at the CPL Flimby Plant with the objectives of examining gas yields from wood gasification and the impact of steam and gas on the process, as well as developing a mathematical model for the prediction of the performance of the feedstock under different gasifier conditions. The modifications to plant to convert it to a biomass gasification plant prior to the trials are described, and the use of the mathematical model to predict the gas yields and composition from the wood feedstock and calculate the heating requirements are discussed.
Infrasonic seismic and acoustic measurements in the deep ocean (1988)

The authors compare the signal-to-noise ratios obtained on bottomed seismometers, bottomed hydrophones, and buried seismometers from near-surface explosions in the Ngendei Expedition. The data were recorded in 5.5-km-deep water in the south central Pacific Ocean with a triaxial borehole seismograph and four triaxial ocean-bottom seismographs having externally mounted hydrophones. At ranges less than 35 km, the data indicate that the ocean bottom seismometer is a superior signal detector than the ocean-bottom hydrophone, and that the subbottom seismometer is superior in performance to the ocean-bottom seismometer. Above 4 Hz, the seismometer appears to have a 10-dB signal-to-noise advantage over the hydrophone for surface explosions at ranges less than 30 km.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Goodpastureʼs disease: molecular architecture of the autoantigen provides clues to etiology and pathogenesis (2011)

Understanding of the quaternary structure of the Goodpasture's autoantigen continues to provide insights into autoimmune mechanisms that serve as a basis for development of novel diagnostic tools and therapies for Goodpasture's disease.
Metastable SiGeC formation by solid phase epitaxy (1993)

We report the synthesis and detailed structural characterization of SiGeC metastable alloys formed by solid phase epitaxial regrowth. Epitaxial layers with 0.7 and 1.4 at. % C are formed by 700 °C regrowth of multiple energy carbon implants into preamorphized Si0.86Ge0.14 layers on Si substrates. Transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show heteroepitaxial regrowth of Si1−x−yGexCy layers into the metastable diamond cubic phase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verifies that the carbon occupies substitutional lattice sites. Double crystal x-ray diffraction measurements of Si1−x−yGexCy and Si1−yCy reference layers quantify the C-induced tensile strain component. This strain compensates for the compressive strain in the SiGe layers, and indicates a change in lattice constant per atomic fraction C in agreement with Vegard’s law.
Tunable, Flexible, and Efficient Optimization of Control Pulses for Practical Qubits (2018)

Quantum computation places very stringent demands on gate fidelities, and experimental implementations require both the controls and the resultant dynamics to conform to hardware-specific constraints. Superconducting qubits present the additional requirement that pulses must have simple parameterizations, so they can be further calibrated in the experiment, to compensate for uncertainties in system parameters. Other quantum technologies, such as sensing, require extremely high fidelities. We present a novel, conceptually simple and easy-to-implement gradient-based optimal control technique named gradient optimization of analytic controls (GOAT), which satisfies all the above requirements, unlike previous approaches. To demonstrate GOAT's capabilities, with emphasis on flexibility and ease of subsequent calibration, we optimize fast coherence-limited pulses for two leading superconducting qubits architectures-flux-tunable transmons and fixed-frequency transmons with tunable couplers.
A case-control study of nonrandom distribution of bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks in lymphocytes of lung cancer cases. (1995)

We used a case-control study design to determine the association between bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks and the risk of lung cancer in general and by specific histopathological types. Lymphocytes from primary blood cultures of 78 controls and 75 cases with 4 histopathological types of lung cancer were treated with 0.03 unit/ml bleomycin for 5 h, and the frequency of induced chromatid breakage and the locations of the breaks were determined in Q-banded preparations. After adjustment for their length, the larger chromosomes had more breaks than the smaller chromosomes in both cases and controls. The cases had significantly more breaks on chromosomes 4 and 5 than the controls did, with odds ratios (ORs) of 4.9 [95% confidence limits (CL), 2.0, 11.7] and 3.9 (95% CL, 1.6, 9.3), respectively. When the lung cancers were classified by histopathological type, adenocarcinomas had significantly more breaks on chromosomes 4 and 5, with ORs of 3.0 (95% CL, 1.0, 8.7) and 3.5 (95% CL, 1.2, 10.7), respectively. For squamous cell carcinoma, the ORs were significantly elevated for breaks on chromosomes 2, 4, and 5 with ORs of 3.5 (95% CL, 1.0, 11.7), 10.2 (95% CL, 2.5, 41.9), and 7.9 (95% CL, 1.9, 32.8). For small cell carcinoma, breaks on chromosomes 2 and 4 showed significantly increased ORs of 33.2 (95% CL, 2.2, 513.3) and 20.4 (95% CL, 1.7, 250.1), respectively. However, no specific chromatid breaks were detected in cases with large cell carcinoma. When the frequency of chromatid breaks at specific regions was calculated, breaks at 4p14, 4q27, 4q31, 5q21-q22, 5q31, and 5q33 were significantly more common in lung cancer cases than in controls. Lung cancer risk had a dose-response relationship with breaks on chromosomes 4 and 5. Cigarette smoking had a strong interaction with breaks on chromosomes 2, 4, and 5. The findings suggest that the susceptibility of particular chromosome loci to mutagenic damage may be a risk factor for specific types of lung cancer.
Photovoltaic efficiency enhancement through thermal up-conversion (2003)

Anti-Stokes emission is observed experimentally from a series of quantum well p–i–n structures and is attributed to a quasithermal equilibrium being established between the quantum well and barrier material. A device is described whereby the anti-Stokes emission from a quantum well p–i–n structure can be used to increase the short-circuit current of a second conventional solar cell, essentially coupling sub-band-gap sunlight to the ambient thermal reservoir. For a GaAs p/n cell at 300 K, this effect is calculated to raise the one-sun power conversion efficiency from 30.0% to 31.3%. Greater efficiency increases are possible if a thermal gradient is established across the structure.
Low band gap polymers for photovoltaic device with photocurrent response wavelengths over 1000nm (2013)

To pursue high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs), many new semiconducting polymers with low band gaps have been developed in the past several years. In this perspective paper, we focused on super low band gap photovoltaic polymers with photocurrent response extending over 1000 nm. This kind of micrometer-response polymers (μmR-polymer) could increase the short circuit current (JSC) due to better match of absorption spectra of the polymers with the solar irradiation and show tremendous potential for application in tandem solar cells and transparent solar cells. The necessary conditions for the design of this kind of μmR-polymers are discussed. Furthermore, the remaining problems and challenges, and the key research direction in near future are discussed.
Ring strain effects. III. Reduction and oxidation potential shifts (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing strain effects. III. Reduction and oxidation potential shiftsReuben D. Rieke, William E. Rich, and Thomas H. RidgwayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 8, 1962–1967Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00737a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00737a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A transcutaneous controlled magnetic microvalve based on iron-powder filled PDMS for implantable drug delivery systems (2008)

This paper reports a magnetic microvalve based on iron-powder filled polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) for implantable drug delivery systems, which allows transcutaneous control when implanted under the slain. It does not require any implanted power source or receiver including batteries, RF coils, piezoelectric materials, etc. Only a magnet is required to open the microvalve for drug delivery. A pressurized balloon reservoir is used to pump the drug when the microvalve is open. This simplifies the structure design and reduces components for implanted devices. Only a single mask is required to define the silicon cavity for valve plug and legs with different width and depth when anisotropic etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used. The defined silicon cavity was then filled with PDMS that has been mixed with iron-powder to form the body of valve plug and legs. After removing the excess material by a blade, the magnetic microvalve is finished. The microvalve was packaged with transparent acrylic for making valve channels for testing with a permanent magnet to open the valve by magnetic force.
AUTOMATED 3-D QUANTIFICATION OF BRAIN TISSUE AT THE CELLULAR SCALE FROM MULTI-PARAMETER CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY IMAGES (2007)

Brain tissue is the most complex tissue in the mammalian anatomy. It is structurally complex, containing diverse cell types and vasculature with complex spatial relationships. It is also complex in terms of molecular constituents, and their relationship to the structural constituents. There is a need for technologies to map normal and injured brain tissue and compute appropriate quantitative measurements in support of a large number of investigations. We present a systematic methodology named FARSIGHT (fluorescence association rules for image-based insight), combining multi-parameter immuno-histochemical labeling, three-dimensional confocal microscopy, linear unmixing, segmentation, and associative morphometry to map and quantify diverse aspects of brain tissue. In addition to morphometric measurements of individual structures from individual imaging channels, we propose the use of distance maps, distance-weighted integrals, and distributions as an efficient basis for computing a versatile set of such associative measurements. These features enable classification of all the major cell types, and computation of their inter-relationships.
Recent Advances in Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology of Alkannins and Shikonins (2006)

Isohexenylnaphthazarins (IHN), commonly known as Alkannins and Shikonins (A/S), are lipophilic red pigments. They are found in the outer surface of the roots of at least a hundred and fifty species that belong to the genera Alkanna, Lithospermum, Echium, Onosma, Anchusa and Cynoglossum of the Boraginaceae family. The chiral pairs A/S are potent pharmaceutical substances with a well-established and wide spectrum of wound healing, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antithrombotic biological activity. For organic chemists uninitiated in the chemistry of quinones, the structures of alkannin (1) and shikonin (2) may look misleading simple. However, in spite of great efforts over many years by several research groups worldwide, a much needed viable synthetic route to these enantiomers has remained elusive until very recently. The value of A/S motivated biotechnologists to develop the world ’ s first manufacturing process utilizing plant cell cultures. The research in this area has provided a wealth of knowledge to the field of biotechnology. In addition, great insights into the biosynthesis of these natural products and to our understanding of plant secondary metabolism in general, has been gained from this work. The last years there has been extensive scientific research in many areas throughout the disciplines of chemistry and biology and more specifically in cancer chemotherapy and a number of papers have appeared in the literature. Significant research has been conducted on A/S effectiveness on several tumors and on their mechanism of anticancer action. The aim of this paper was to review the recent advances in chemistry, biology, biotechnology and biosynthesis of alkannins and shikonins. Keywords: shikonin derivatives, Alkannins Biosynthesis, Antimicrobial, bacterial gene ubiC, Antitumor, DNA Topoisomerases
Virtual Machine Scalability on Multi-Core Processors Based Servers for Cloud Computing Workloads (2009)

In this paper, we analyze virtual machine (VM) scalability on multi-core systems for compute-, memory-, and network I/O-intensive workloads. The VM scalability evaluation under these three workloads will help cloud users to understand the performance impact of underlying system and network architectures. We demonstrate that VMs on the state-of-the-art multi-core processor based systems scale as well as multiple threads on native SMP kernel for CPU and memory intensive workloads. Intra-VM communication of network I/O intensive TCP message workload has a lower overhead compared to multiple threads when VMs are pinned to specific cores. However, VM scalability is severely limited for such workloads for across-VM communication on a single host due to virtual bridges. For across local and wide area network communication, the network bandwidth is the limiting factor. Unlike previous studies that use workload mixes, we apply a single workload type at a time to clearly attribute VM scalability bottlenecks to system and network architectures or virtualization itself.