gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Raman amplification with co-propagating pump light (2001)

We discuss pump requirements for co-propagating distributed Raman amplification. We demonstrate a depolarized pump source with sufficiently low and stable degree of polarization. We demonstrated system benefits with no noticeable problems from pump-mediated cross-talk.
Spacecraft formation flying: dynamics and control (1999)

A concept of a distributed array of small, low-cost, cooperative, and highly coordinated microspacecraft is vigorously being pursued for several future space missions. Implementation of the distributed coordinated spacecraft concept will require tight control of the relative distances and phases between the participating spacecraft. We review nonlinear and linear spacecraft relative position modeling techniques. In addition, we develop a mathematically rigorous control design framework for linear control of spacecraft relative position dynamics with guaranteed closed-loop stability. Finally, illustrative numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Competitive enzyme immunoassays for the rapid detection of antibodies to feline infectious peritonitis virus polypeptides (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the envelope (E1), peplomer (E2), and nucleocapsid (N) polypeptides of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) were used in rapid, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to study the humoral immune response of cats to FIPV infection. Results from the competitive ELISAs were correlated with those from immunofluorescent antibody assays (IFAs) on 203 samples obtained from 64 individual cats. The IFA results correlated best with those obtained with the anti-E1 specific competitive ELISA (85.7%). In contrast, anti-N and anti-E2 competitive ELISA results correlated with IFA results only 65.5 and 2.4% of the time, respectively. The results of the anti-E1 specific competitive ELISA were not influenced by the total immunoglobulin concentration or the possible presence of free viral antigens in the serum. These results suggest that a competitive ELISA involving the use of enzyme-conjugated monoclonal antibody to the E1 glycoprotein of FIPV is a simple and rapid replacement for the more cumbersome IFA.
A doubly-fed permanent magnet generator for wind turbines (2004)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Highly transparent quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with sputtered indium-tin-oxide electrodes (2016)

Highly transparent QD-LEDs have been demonstrated by using a ZnO buffer layer and sputtered ITO electrodes.
A single chip sensor and image processor for fingerprint verification (2002)

The authors describe a real-time image processing system, including an image sensing array, which is implemented as a single VLSI device. An architectural overview and system performance figures demonstrate that, through efficient integration of the sensing, processing, and memory elements of the image-processing system, increased performance and greatly reduced manufacturing costs can be achieved for a specific application (in this case, fingerprint verification). The device, designed and fabricated using a standard 1.2- mu m ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) CMOS process and 18-MHz operation, includes a 258*258 image sensor array, real-time image normalization and image matching circuitry, 8 kb of fast access memory, and 16 kb of ROM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of the Effect of Memantine in Reducing the Worsening of Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Moderate to Severe Alzheimer’s Disease (2007)

In this population of moderate and severe AD patients, treatment with memantine was associated with reducing worsening of clinical symptoms in AD during the 6-month study period.
Biometric secured mobile voting (2011)

Voting process in today's era is behind its time as it relates to the involvement of technology. The voting process is been fully manual and paper based. This process can be overwhelming, time-consuming and prone to security breaches and electoral fraud. Over the years technology related systems were developed to resolve some of these issues like Electronic based voting that is been actively used for voting in countries like India and so. However these systems were still prone to electoral frauds and voters has to make tremendous effort in order to cast their ballots. With that said, there are a few very important areas which were identified that need to be addressed. These issues include Security which involve person be able to vote in secure manner, Time spent for voting by voters, Efficiency in counting of votes and Cost involved in employing manual people for voting. So taking the above into consideration we here have come with Biometric secured mobile voting technique that will address these issues. This is a novel technology and also first of its kind at present. Using fingerprint based biometric control information and encryption [1][2] along with SSL using VeriSign [3] would make the software involved in the voting process well secured. In addition tying the credentials to a mobile device will make the system even more robust. The mobile equipment that will be used for development of the system will be in the form of a smart phone using Android 3.0 (Honeycomb [4]). The details are presented in the paper.
Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain) (2021)

The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, especially concerning issues of hydrological planning and urban water supply systems. In this context, the Jucar River Basin (Spain) presents an increase of frequency, intensity and duration of extreme meteorological phenomena, such as torrential rains, droughts or heat waves, which directly affect the quantity and quality of raw water available for drinking. This paper aims to analyze the effects of climate change on the raw water quality of the Jucar River Basin District, which mainly supplies the city of Valencia and its metropolitan area, in order to adapt drinking water treatments to new conditions and opportunities. For this purpose, we used observed data of water quality parameters from four stations and climate drivers from seven Earth system models of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—Phase 6. To model water quality (turbidity and conductivity) in the past and future scenarios, this study employs a backward stepwise regression taking into account daily values of mean temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall and minimum and maximum relative humidity. Results showed that the model performance of the water quality simulation is more adequate for short moving-average windows (about 2–7 days) for turbidity and longer windows (about 30–60 days) for conductivity. Concerning the future scenarios, the most significant change was found in the projected increase of conductivity for the station of the Júcar river, between 4 and 11% by 2100, respectively, under the medium (SSP2–4.5) and pessimistic (SSP5–8.5) emission scenarios. The joint use of these types of management and monitoring tools may help the managers in charge of carrying out the different water treatments needed to apply a better plan to raw water and may help them identify future threats and investment needs to adapt the urban water supply systems to the changing conditions of raw water, such as turbidity or conductivity, as a consequence of climate change.
Novel Photo‐Alignment Polymer Layer Capable of Charge Transport (2004)

Abstract Summary: With the progress of organic electronics, materials possessing various functionalities are attracting much attention. Here we have synthesized a novel photo‐alignment polymer composed of a conjugated carbazole main‐chain and a coumarin side‐chain through nickel(0)‐mediated polymerization. Carbazole is a well‐known hole transporting material and coumarin is also famous for its good photo‐alignment properties. The photochemical reactivity of the coumarin side‐chain was monitored by UV‐vis spectroscopy and the liquid crystal (LC) photo‐alignment direction of the polymer film was proved to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the irradiated UV light. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the polymer, measured from both cyclic voltammetry and photoelectron spectroscopy, was −5.32 eV. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) of the configuration [ITO/polymer/NPB/Alq 3 /LiF/Al] showed a higher efficiency (2.17%) and brightness (14 000 cd · m −2 ) than a control device due to enhanced charge balance. magnified image
Shear-induced endothelial mechanotransduction: the interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and the pathophysiological implications (2014)

Hemodynamic shear stress, the blood flow-generated frictional force acting on the vascular endothelial cells, is essential for endothelial homeostasis under normal physiological conditions. Mechanosensors on endothelial cells detect shear stress and transduce it into biochemical signals to trigger vascular adaptive responses. Among the various shear-induced signaling molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in vascular homeostasis and diseases. In this review, we explore the molecular, cellular, and vascular processes arising from shear-induced signaling (mechanotransduction) with emphasis on the roles of ROS and NO, and also discuss the mechanisms that may lead to excessive vascular remodeling and thus drive pathobiologic processes responsible for atherosclerosis. Current evidence suggests that NADPH oxidase is one of main cellular sources of ROS generation in endothelial cells under flow condition. Flow patterns and magnitude of shear determine the amount of ROS produced by endothelial cells, usually an irregular flow pattern (disturbed or oscillatory) producing higher levels of ROS than a regular flow pattern (steady or pulsatile). ROS production is closely linked to NO generation and elevated levels of ROS lead to low NO bioavailability, as is often observed in endothelial cells exposed to irregular flow. The low NO bioavailability is partly caused by the reaction of ROS with NO to form peroxynitrite, a key molecule which may initiate many pro-atherogenic events. This differential production of ROS and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) under various flow patterns and conditions modulates endothelial gene expression and thus results in differential vascular responses. Moreover, ROS/RNS are able to promote specific post-translational modifications in regulatory proteins (including S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration), which constitute chemical signals that are relevant in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Overall, the dynamic interplay between local hemodynamic milieu and the resulting oxidative and S-nitrosative modification of regulatory proteins is important for ensuing vascular homeostasis. Based on available evidence, it is proposed that a regular flow pattern produces lower levels of ROS and higher NO bioavailability, creating an anti-atherogenic environment. On the other hand, an irregular flow pattern results in higher levels of ROS and yet lower NO bioavailability, thus triggering pro-atherogenic effects.
3.3 A 14nm 1GHz FPGA with 2.5D transceiver integration (2017)

A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) family was designed to match a programmable fabric die built in 14nm process technology with 28Gb/s transceiver dice. The 2.5D packaging (Fig. 3.3.1) uses embedded interconnect bridges (EMIB) [1]. 20nm transceivers were reused enabling a transceiver roadmap independent of FPGA fabric. Fig. 3.3.2 shows a 560mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> fabric die and six transceiver dice. The programmable fabric contains 2.8M logic elements, DSP, memory components, and routing interconnect operating at up to 1GHz. Applications drove the need for improved flexibility and security of the FPGA configuration system. A triple-modular redundant microprocessor-based secure device manager (SDM) was designed and is programmed by embedded software.
Novel carbon fiber microelectrodes for extracellular electrophysiology (2001)

Single- and multibarrel carbon fiber microelectrode blanks were constructed and pulled to electrodes to be used for extracellular recording and microiontophoresis. A unique spark etching method was developed to produce a sharp-pointed, conical carbon tip protruding 15-20 µm from the glass pipette(s). The shape and size of the carbon fiber tip were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In test experiments, extracellular recordings were made from spinal dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord in anesthetized rats. The sharp carbon tip allowed these electrodes to penetrate the arachnoid membrane over the spinal cord with ease. The electrodes picked up extracellular spikes with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Under the given experimental conditions, the peak-to-peak noise level was about 20 µV. To test the performance of the iontophoresis barrels, neurons were stimulated by iontophoretic application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or kainic acid or by noxious heat delivered to the cutaneous receptive fields in the tail. After the iontophoretic ejection of naloxone, the responses to iontophoresed kainic acid and noxious heat were significantly increased. Spikes from dorsal horn neurons were counted and peristimulus time histograms were displayed online by means of a LabView-based system. These carbon fiber microelectrodes are excellent for extracellular spike recording and microiontophoresis and may additionally be suitable for electrochemical measurements and for the development of enzyme- or antibody-based microbiosensors
Reactive and inelastic scattering dynamics of hyperthermal oxygen atoms on a saturated hydrocarbon surface (2002)

The dynamics of the initial interactions of hyperthermal O atoms with a saturated hydrocarbon surface have been investigated by directing an O-atom beam at a continuously refreshed liquid squalane surface and monitoring time-of-flight and angular distributions of inelastically scattered O atoms and reactively scattered OH and H2O. These products are formed through thermal and nonthermal processes. The inelastic scattering processes may be described in terms of the limiting cases of direct inelastic scattering (nonthermal) and trapping desorption (thermal). The initial step leading to production of volatile OH and H2O is believed to be direct H-atom abstraction to form OH. Once formed, the OH may scatter directly into the gas phase before thermal equilibrium with the surface is reached, or it may undergo further collisions and reactions with the surface. These secondary interactions include trapping and desorption of OH and abstraction of a second hydrogen atom to form H2O. Interactions that occur before thermal equilibrium with the surface can be reached lead to products that exit the surface at hyperthermal velocities, while those that occur in thermal equilibrium with the surface yield products that leave the surface at thermal velocities given by the surface temperature. Direct, single-collision scattering events that produce O and OH are described with a kinematic picture that allows the determination of the effective surface mass encountered by an incident O atom, the atom–surface collision energy in the center-of-mass frame, and the fraction of the center-of-mass collision energy that goes into translation of the scattered gaseous product and the recoiling surface fragment. Center-of-mass velocity-flux maps for OH indicate either single-collision events through a largely collinear O–H–C transition state or multiple-collision events in which initially formed OH scatters inelastically from the surface.
Visualization of ultrasonically induced shear wave propagation using phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (2014)

Shear wave elastography measures the stiffness of soft tissues from the speed of propagating shear waves induced in tissue. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising detection modality given its high sensitivity and spatial resolution, making it suitable for elastic characterization of skin, peripheral vasculature or ocular tissues. For clinical applications, it would be valuable to use a non-contact shear source. Thus, we propose acoustic radiation force as a remote shear source combined with OCT for visualization. A single-element focused transducer (central frequency 7.5 MHz) was used to apply a maximal pressure of ~3 MPa for 100 μs in agar phantoms. It induced shear waves with an amplitude of several hundreds of nanometers and a broadband spectrum in the kilohertz range. Phasesensitive OCT was used to track shear waves at an equivalent frame rate of 47 kHz. We reconstructed shear modulus maps in a heterogeneous phantom. In addition, we use 3-ms long coded excitation to increase the displacement signal-to-noise ratio. We applied digital pulse compression to the resulting displacement field to obtain a gain of ~15 dB compared to standard pulse excitation while maintaining the US pressure level and the shear wave spatial and temporal resolution. This is a promising result for shear wave generation at low US pressures (~ 1 MPa).
The formal pattern (1996)

It is possible to perceive form not as the shell but as the forces shaping the shell. ‘Every force’, as Guy Davenport has remarked, ‘evolves a form.’ In the case of Eliot's poetry it is the force of emotion which shapes the form. For Pound it was axiomatic that emotion is the source of form, but if demonstration were called for one could take ‘Preludes’ and observe a simple and powerful emotion shaping a heap of sordid images into a coherent world, and evolving a form which is specific to the soul constituted of those images. The form is what brings everything in a poem together, so that we can see it as a whole and find that it makes sense to us.
Characterization and Reactivity Studies of Dinuclear Iridium Hydride Complexes Prepared from Iridium Catalysts with N,P and C,N Ligands under Hydrogenation Conditions (2013)

The dinuclear iridium hydride complexes [IrH(CH3CN)(L1)(μ-H)]2(BArF)2 (7; L1 = (S)-2-(2-((diphenylphosphanyl)oxy)propan-2-yl)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole, BArF = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), [IrH(CH2Cl2)(L1)(μ-H)]2(BArF)2 (8), [IrH(L2)(μ-H)]2(BArF)2 (9a; L2 = (S)-1-[2-(2-adamantan-2-yl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,2-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene), and [IrH(L3)(μ-H)]2(BArF)2 (9b; L3 = (S)-1-[2-(2-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,2-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) were prepared from the corresponding mononuclear [Ir(COD)(L)]BArF precursors by treatment with H2 and characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Conversion to a trinuclear iridium hydride complex, which is usually observed for N,P iridium hydride complexes, is inhibited by addition of 0.5 equiv of [H(OEt2)2]BArF or acetonitrile. Reactions with acetonitrile or 6,6′-bi-2-picoline afforded the mononuclear iridium dihydride complexes [Ir(H)2(CH3CN)2(L1)]BArF (5), [Ir(H)2(CH3CN)2(L3)]BArF (10), or [Ir(H)2(6,6′-bi-2-picoline)(L3)]BArF (11). The CH3CN complexes 7 and 10 are inactive as hydrogenation catalysts. In contrast, the coordinatively unsaturated dinuclear complexes 9a and 9b are active catalysts for the hydrogenation of (E)-1,2-diphenyl-1-propene at 50 bar hydrogen pressure.
The products ofYCF1 andYLL015w (BPT1) cooperate for the ATP-dependent vacuolar transport of unconjugated bilirubin inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

Since bilirubin-like pigments are present in the environment as degradation products of heme-containing proteins, yeast could have developed a detoxifying system to transport these compounds into their vacuoles. Vacuoles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed an ATP-dependent, saturative transport of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) that was reduced by 60% and 40% in YCF1 and YLL015w-deleted cells, respectively; the double deletant showed no UCB uptake. Conversely, the transport of bile acids (taurocholate) was comparable in wild and deleted stains. These data identify YCF1 and YLL015w, named BPT1 (Bile Pigment Transporter), as the genes responsible for ATP-dependent UCB transport in yeast. Since YCF1 and YLL015w are rather homologous with multidrug resistant proteins (MRPs), they also suggest the involvement of this class of transporters in the ATP-dependent transport of unconjugated bilirubin.
Investigation of immunofluorescence cross-reactions against Trichinella spiralis by western blot (immunoblot) analysis (1996)

Immunofluorescence cross-reactions in Trichinella spiralis serodiagnosis are sometimes difficult to identify. We compared the results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay and the profiles obtained by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis for three groups of patients: 10 T. spiralis-infected patients, 10 patients with autoimmune diseases, and 7 patients with parasitic diseases other than trichinellosis. The degree of immunofluorescence cross-reaction was variable. Western blotting allowed us to differentiate Trichinella infection from other parasitic diseases. In 3 of 10 serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases, bands which had the same sizes as Trichinella bands were observed, and they could correspond to shared epitopes such as heat shock proteins.
Phase 3 trial of everolimus for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2010)

These results established the efficacy and safety of everolimus in patients with mRCC after progression on sunitinib and/or sorafenib.
Differential Effects of Fibronectin-DerivedOligopeptides on the Attachment of Rabbit Lens Epithelial Cells in vitro (1996)

Among the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing sequences that are known to be cell-binding domains of fibronectin, 500 migrograms/ml of Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser showed 100% inhibition of the attachment of cultured lens epithelial cells (TOTL-86 cells), when they were added to culture medium and coincubated with the cells for 24 h whereas RGD at concentrations of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 micrograms/ml had no such activity. After 48 h of cocultivation of 800, 400 or 200 micrograms/ml of RGDS with TOTL-86 cells, the percentage of floating cells was 100, 30.1 or 11.1%, respectively. After 144 h of cocultivation with RGDS, the percentage of floating cells was 1.6, 2.4 or 1.9%, respectively, indicating that RGDS was not cytotoxic to lens epithelial cells. However, replacing the medium with fresh medium containing new RGDS peptide resulted in floating of cells. We also studied the inhibitory effect of two other amino acid sequences that are found in cell-binding sites of the fibronectin molecule: Glu-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ser-Thr (EILDVPST) and Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV). At 500 and 1,000 micrograms/ml, respectively, neither EILDVPST nor REDV has an inhibitory effect on the attachment of TOTL-86 cells, while RGDS at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml completely inhibited the attachment of the cells in 24 h of incubation.
Compensation of selected availability using a GPS/INS extended Kalman filter (2003)

The authors describe research to compensate for selected availability (SA) corruption by modifying the Kalman filter used in a typical Global Positioning System/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS) integration. Two modified filters are developed: one filter that models SA using individual error-states and another filter that compensates for SA by increasing the measurement noise. Neither of these filters totally eliminates the corruption due to SA, but both provide a significant increase in the accuracy of the navigation solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>