gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MREHS: Implementaion of MPPT-based RF Energy Harvesting System for Electrical Appliances (2013)

Power crisis is a major hurdle to the progress of the industrial world. Many new approaches for energy harvesting are under consideration, but their success in different environments is still to be seen. Among others, RF energy has gained tremendous attention as eco-friendly power source. In this work, we present a model of RF energy harvesting system based on RFID technology with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Using the MPPT principle of Perturbation and Observation (P&O), an MPPT-based RF energy harvesting system (MREHS) was constructed for energy harvesting. In this approach, the controller adjusts the voltage by a small amount from the array and measures power; if the power increases, further adjustments in that direction are made until power no longer increases.Â This approach, also referred to as hill-climbingÂ method, depends on the rise of the curve of power against voltage below the maximum power point and the fall above that point.Â This MPPT-based power model is remarkable because of its ease of implementation and improvement of top-level efficiency. Several functional units and circuitries are implemented to stimulate the system. An outstanding feature of this system is non-linear, scalable implementation with consistent operating conditions and improved output gained by optimized design. The performance of the model is evaluated by experimenting with light loads, whose results are very close to simulation results.
Computation of Temperature at the Lifted Condensation Level (1969)

Several approximate formulae for evaluation of the temperature at the lifted condensation level are developed. Calculations made with these simple algebraic equations are compared with results obtained from formulations which require iterative techniques for their solution. One such expression yields results accurate to within 0.05C for dew-point depressions of 25C or less.
Bacteriophages and Viruses as a Support for Organic Synthesis and Combinatorial Chemistry (2011)

Display of polypeptide on the coat proteins of bacteriophages and viruses is a powerful tool for selection and amplification of libraries of great diversity. Chemical diversity of these libraries, however, is limited to libraries made of natural amino acid side chains. Bacteriophages and viruses can be modified chemically; peptide libraries presented on phage thus can be functionalized to yield moieties that cannot be encoded genetically. In this review, we summarize the possibilities for using bacteriophage and viral particles as support for the synthesis of diverse chemically modified peptide libraries. This review critically summarizes the key chemical considerations for on-phage syntheses such as selection of reactions compatible with protein of phage, modification of phage "support" that renders it more suitable for reactions, and characterization of reaction efficiency.
The Nature of Calomel Vapor<sup>1</sup> (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nature of Calomel Vapor1Frank T. Gucker Jr. and Ralph H. MunchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 7, 1275–1279Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01286a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01286a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Area-Efficient FIR Filter Design on FPGAs using Distributed Arithmetic (2006)

In this paper, a highly area-efficient multiplier-less FIR filter is presented. Distributed Arithmetic (DA) has been used to implement a bit-serial scheme of a general asymmetric version of an FIR filter, taking optimal advantage of the 4-input LUT-based structure of FPGAs. Furthermore, we have introduced a modification in the accumulator stage to achieve further savings. The proposed filter has been designed and synthesized with Altera Quartus II, and implemented on a Stratix FPGA device. Our results show reduced area requirements in comparison to previous LUT-less DA architectures
Solid Implants in Facial Plastic Surgery: Potential Complications and How to Prevent Them (2016)

Allogenic implants are an effective alternative to autologous grafts in the reconstruction of facial defects. These implants are used to reconstruct a variety of bony and soft-tissue defects, including the frontal and temporal regions; internal orbit; infraorbital rim; malar, paranasal, and nasal regions; mandible; and chin. In comparison to their autologous counterparts, alloplastic materials are more readily available, lack donor-site morbidity, decrease surgical time and cost, and still have relatively good postoperative tissue tolerance. However, these implants are not without their own spectrum of complications. Common solid implant materials include silicone, GoreTex (expanded polytetrafluorethylene; W. L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ), MedPor (high-density porous polyethylene; Porex Industries, Fairburn, GA), and Mersilene mesh (nonresorbable polyester fiber; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). Each of these materials poses certain complication risks based on their surface contour (smooth vs. porous), pliability, and reactivity with surrounding tissue. In addition, certain implant locations within the head and neck are at risk for different postoperative complications. Although there are no evidence-based guidelines for implant reconstruction to help avoid common complications, there are several principles and techniques that are commonly employed by surgeons to help reduce complication rates. These include careful patient selection, proper choice of operative procedure, infection control practices (including pre/intraoperative systemic antibiotics, meticulous aseptic technique, impregnation/soaking of implant in antibiotic, irrigation of implant pocket with antibiotic, careful closure of tissue layers, and postoperative oral antibiotics), preoperative implant shaping, choice of surgical approach, and intraoperative surgical techniques. Larger, controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of the aforementioned techniques in the reduction of postoperative complications.
Plasmid, phage, and genomic DNA-mediated transfer and expression of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes in cultured human cells (1984)

Transfection of mammalian cells with genomic DNA and cloned genes is now relatively routine. However, the vast majority of studies have used rodent cells as recipients. Here we describe efficient transfection of two human cell lines, the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)-deficient HeLa line, D98/AH-2, and the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)-deficient HT1080 line, HTD114. D98/AH-2 cells were transfected with the pSV2-gpt plasmid of Mulligan and Berg, which contains the E. coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (gpt) gene, and Gpt + transfectants were selected in HAT medium. HTD114 cells were transfected with (1) genomic hamster DNA, and ouabain resistant transfectants were selected in 5 X 10(-7)M ouabain; (2) with hamster and mouse genomic DNA, and Aprt + cells were selected in AAA medium; (3) with plasmids containing either the cloned hamster or mouse APRT genes, and Aprt + cells were selected; and (4) with phage particles containing a cloned mouse APRT gene, and Aprt + cells were selected. Transfection efficiencies ranged from 0.25 to 1.5 X 10(3) transfectants per microgram DNA, and in certain cases secondary transfections were done. Foreign DNA in recipients was detected by blot hybridization, and the expression of foreign genes was detected by cell growth in selective media and the expression of enzymes characteristic of the species of the donor DNA. The majority of transfectants showed stable expression of the transgenome.
Two-Step Freezing Procedure for Cryopreservation of Rumen Ciliates, an Effective Tool for Creation of a Frozen Rumen Protozoa Bank (2003)

The present study aimed at the long-term storage of rumen protozoa as living cells in liquid nitrogen. The two-step or interrupted slow freezing procedure was used to cryopreserve six of the dominant species of rumen ciliates isolated from monofaunated animals, Dasytricha ruminantium, Entodinium caudatum, Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, Isotricha prostoma, and Polyplastron multivesiculatum. We optimized the first step in the interrupted slow freezing procedure, from the extracellular ice nucleation temperature to the holding temperature, and studied the effects of the cooling rates on survival. In addition to the nature of the cryoprotectant (dimethyl sulfoxide), the equilibration temperature and equilibration time (25 degrees C and 5 min, respectively), and the holding time at subzero temperature (45 min) recommended previously (S. Kisidayová, J. Microbiol. Methods 22:185-192, 1995), we found that a holding temperature of -30 degrees C, a cooling rate from extracellular ice nucleation temperature to holding temperature of between 1.2 degrees C/min and 2.5 degrees C/min, depending on the ciliate, and rumen juice as the freezing and thawing medium markedly improved the survival rate. Survival rates determined after 2 weeks in liquid nitrogen were 100% for Isotricha, 98% for Dasytricha, 85% for Epidinium, 79% for Polyplastron, 63% for Eudiplodinium, and 60% for Entodinium. They were not significantly modified after a period of 1 year in liquid nitrogen. Four of the five ciliate species cryopreserved for 8 months in liquid nitrogen successfully colonized the rumen when inoculated into defaunated animals. These results have made it possible to set up a bank of cryopreserved rumen protozoa.
Ontologies and Knowledge Bases. Towards a Terminological Clarification (1995)

The word “ontology ” has recently gained a good popularity within the knowledge engineering community. However, its meaning tends to remain a bit vague, as the term is used in very different ways. Limiting our attention to the various proposals made in the current debate in AI, we isolate a number of interpretations, which in our opinion deserve a suitable clarification. We elucidate the implications of such various interpretations, arguing for the need of clear terminological choices regarding the technical use of terms like “ontology”, “conceptualization ” and “ontological commitment”. After some comments on the use “Ontology ” (with the capital “o”) as a term which denotes a philosophical discipline, we analyse the possible confusion between an ontology intended as a particular conceptual framework at the knowledge level and an ontology intended as a concrete artifact at the symbol level, to be used for a given purpose. A crucial point in this clarification effort is the careful analysis of Gruber’ s definition of an ontology as a specification of a conceptualization. 1
Chip-scale packaging of power devices and its application in integrated power electronics modules (2002)

We present a power electronics packaging technology utilizing chip-scale packaged (CSP) power devices to build three-dimensional integrated power electronics modules (IPEMs). The chip-scale packaging structure, termed Die Dimensional Ball Grid Array (D/sup 2/BGA), eliminates wise bonds by using stacked solder bumps to interconnect power chips. D/sup 2/BGA package consists of a power chip, inner solder bumps, high-lead solder balls, and molding resin. It has the same lateral dimensions as the starting power chip, which makes high-density packaging and module miniature possible. This package enables the power chip to combine excellent thermal transfer, high current handling capability, improved electrical characteristics, and ultra-low profile packaging. Electrical tests show that the V/sub CE/(sat) and on-resistance of the D/sup 2/BGA high speed insulated-gate-bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are improved by 20% and 30% respectively by eliminating the device's wirebonds and other external interconnections, such as the leadframe. In this paper, we present the design, reliability, and processing issues of D/sup 2/BGA package, and the implementation of these chip-scale packaged power devices in building 30 kW half-bridge power converter modules. The electrical and reliability test results of the packaged devices and the power modules are reported.
Predictive Condition Monitoring of Railway Rolling Stock (2004)

Stresses continue to increase on the rail infrastructure as axle loads and speeds increase and rolling stock maintenance costs conflict with time and economic constraints. Railroads are under increasing pressure to maintain their infrastructures while competing with other markets. Until recently, typical detector technologies have been developed from the track and structures perspective (and needs) and they reported forces acting on track structures. Rolling stock detectors have in general been exception- or alarm-based, reporting only after critical thresholds are exceeded. These detectors are not optimal for long-term observations, making them inappropriate for modern fleet and risk management. The Wayside Monitoring Alliance members share a common and alternative philosophy and their detectors are developed from the rolling stock perspective, measuring on tangent track at line speeds. These detectors (wheel profile (ImageMap), truck geometry (WID), wheel condition (Teknis) and bearing condition (Vipac)) are highly specific and sensitive and they provide two critical advantages - they offer long-term trending of vehicle parameters; and they report root data instead of effects or symptomatic results. This is possible through software designed to follow each parameter from the time it first varies from nominal and a low-level alarm is raised. The result is an ability to predict component failure and to proactively schedule checks and repairs to vehicles before they suffer extra damage and stress track and structures. Over several years the Alliance has developed an improved understanding of the inter-relatedness or coherence of the data from these detectors - and this is challenging some long held beliefs about managing rolling stock to cope with vehicle and track damage, risk and cost. Models are being created which predict the consequences of not acting promptly once rolling stock measurements vary from nominal values.
Reuse in the application layer (1996)

Today's advanced CASE tools, combining the building-block and generative approaches to software reuse, are effective for reuse of software components and procedures in the presentation layer and data layer of the three-layer model. There are no effective tools generally available, however, for reuse of application-layer components and procedures, which are usually too numerous and small for efficient reuse. Programmers therefore choose to transform existing specification sheets of the application layer manually with a 4GL, rather than actually reusing them.TableSpec [12] is a tool that generates source code automatically from free-format table specifications, and facilitates the reuse of application logic specifications in tables of the form and structure commonly used in business transactions and corporate operations. Such tables are themselves an expression of logical constructs and procedures, and specifications written in this form are familiar and readily understandable to the client or user.With TableSpec, the tables can take the place of large parts of conventionally written specifications. They can be readily reused for automatic source code generation, for the development of other components of the same application software, for later revisions of that software, or for development of software for a different user or application. The large size of these components and their automatic source code generation have been found to result in efficient software development, customization, and reuse.
An integrated communication and control system for a multi-link active catheter (1996)

This paper presents an integrated communication and control system for a multi-link active catheter. Links in the active catheter are connected with joints made of three SMA (shape memory alloy) actuators. The communication and control function units are distributed over multiple links and three common lead wires are used between the links and the outside controller. The links are addressed and the SMA actuators are driven by the circuit in the links. A MOS transistor with large channel width is used as switch for the SMA actuator. The circuit is realized by a standard CMOS technology. It measures 1.8 mm wide by 3.0 mm long. Link addressing and actuator switching functions of the fabricated chip have been successfully demonstrated. The minimum access time for addressing and actuating per single link was .
"Plasma Insulin Activity' in Human Diabetes During Hypoglycemic Response to Tolbutamide and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (1959)

Hypoglycemic responses of normal and diabetic men to tolbutamide and indole-3-acetic acid were similar both qualitatively and quantitatively. These substances, respectively, depressed fasting glucose levels 22% and 11% in normal subjects: 44% and 35% in elderly patients with mild diabetes; and 1% and 7% in uncontrolled juvenile diabetics. Normal individuals and mild diabetics demonstrated significant “insulin activity' in their fasting plasmas, and both groups exhibited sharp increases in insulin activity after ingestion of glucose. Insulin activity was not detectable in blood of juvenile diabetics either before or after glucose. In no individual, however, whether normal or diabetic, was the hypoglycemic response to tolbutamide or indole-3-acetic acid accompanied by increased “plasma insulin activity' in peripheral blood.
자본 이동성과 실질환율 (1998)

본 연구는 다기간 일반균형모형을 사용하여 자본이동에 대한 제약 정도를 실질소득으로 측정할 수 있는 이론적 수단을 제시하고 있으며 이러한 자본이동의 제약정도가 실질환율의 변화와 변동성에 미치는 효과를 이론적으로 분석하였다. 일정한 조건에서 자본이동에 대한 제약이 클수록 실질환율은 절하되며 일반적인 관념과 다르게 실질환율의 변동성은 심화될 수 있다. 1980년 1분기부터 1995년 2분기까지 분기별 한국의 자료를 사용한 실증적 분석은 이 같은 이론적 결과를 강하게 뒷받침 해 준다. 즉, 자본이동의 제약이 실질환율에 미치는 효과는 통계적으로 유의적이었으며 자본이동의 제약이 클수록 실질환율이 절하되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국의 경우 자본이동의 제약이 실질환율의 변동성을 오히려 증가시키고 있으며 환율변동성의 많은 부분을 설명하고 있다. 본 연구는 자본이동이 제약되어 있는 한국의 경우 통상적 관념과는 다른 대외 경제정책의 방향을 제시할 수 있다는 점에서 그 의미가 있다.
New routes to multiferroics (2007)

Multiferroic materials are those which possess both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. Clearly, there is a contradiction here since ferromagnetism requires d-electrons while ferroelectricity generally occurs only in the absence of d-electrons. Several multiferroics demonstrating magnetoelectric coupling effects have, however, been discovered in the past few years, but they generally make use of alternative mechanisms in attaining these properties. Several new ideas and concepts have emerged in the past two years, typical of them being magnetic ferroelectricity induced by frustrated magnetism, lone pair effect, charge-ordering and local non-centrosymmetry. Charge-order driven magnetic ferroelectricity is interesting in that it would be expected to occur in a large number of rare earth manganites, Ln1−xAxMnO3 (A = alkaline earth), well known for colossal magnetoresistance, electronic phase separation and other properties. In this article, we discuss novel routes to multiferroics, giving specific examples of materials along with their characteristics.
Properties of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Mutants Deficient in Enzymes of Glycolysis (1977)

Physiological properties of mutants of Escherichia coli defective in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerate 3-phosphate kinase, or enolase are described. Introduction of a lesion in any one of the reversible steps catalyzed by these enzymes impaired both the glycolytic and gluconeogenic capabilities of the cell and generated an obligatory requirement for a source of carbon above the block (gluconeogenic) and one below (oxidative). A mixture of glycerol and succinate supported the growth of these mutants. Mutants lacking glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerate 3-phosphate kinase could grow also on glycerol and glyceric acid, and enolase mutants could grow on glycerate and succinate, whereas double mutants lacking the kinase and enolase required l-serine in addition to glycerol and succinate. Titration of cell yield with limiting amounts of glycerol with Casamino Acids in excess, or vice versa, showed the gluconeogenic requirement of a growing culture of E. coli to be one-twentieth of its total catabolic and anabolic needs. Sugars and their derivatives inhibited growth of these mutants on otherwise permissive media. The mutants accumulated glycolytic intermediates above the blocked enzyme on addition of glucose or glycerol to resting cultures. Glucose inhibited growth and induced lysis. These effects could be substantially overcome by increasing the osmotic strength of the growth medium and, in addition, including 5 mM cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate therein. This substance countered to a large extent the severe repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis that glucose caused in these mutants.
A simple synthesis of eritadenine and its homologues (1970)

M. Kawazu, T. Kanno, N. Takamura, T. Mizoguchi, S. Saito and K. Okumura, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 1047 DOI: 10.1039/C29700001047
Notch 1 inhibits photoreceptor production in the developing mammalian retina (2006)

The transmembrane receptor Notch1 plays a role in development and homeostasis in vertebrates and invertebrates. The mammalian retina is an excellent tissue in which to dissect the precise role of Notch signaling in regulating cell fate and proliferation. However, a systematic analysis has been limited by the early embryonic lethality of Notch1-null mice. Here, Notch1 was conditionally removed from the murine retina either early or late in development. Removal of Notch1 early led to a reduction in the size of the retina as well as aberrant morphology. A decrease in the number of progenitor cells and premature neurogenesis accounted for the reduction in size. Unexpectedly, ablation of Notch1 in early progenitor cells led to enhanced cone photoreceptor production, and ablation of Notch1 at later points led to an almost exclusive production of rod photoreceptor cells. These data suggest that Notch1 not only maintains the progenitor state, but is required to inhibit the photoreceptor fate. These cone enriched mutant mice should prove to be a valuable resource for the study of this relatively rare mammalian photoreceptor cell type.