gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency Tuning in a MEMS Resonator via an Integral Crossbar Heater (2012)

This paper investigates the frequency tuning effects in a MEMS resonator that employs a simple crossbar heater integral to the devices as opposed to more complex serpentine heater designs. We report tuning of up to 1.1% from an unturned frequency of 39.2 kHz with 50mW power. By utilizing comb drives instead of parallel plate transducers, frequency tuning is controlled solely using joule heating through the crossbar while electrostatic spring tuning is negligible in comparison. The frequency shifts follow a power square law at lower currents but shown to deviate towards a higher order characteristic when the power exceeds 33mW.
Scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC (2012)

SVC (scalable video coding) was introduced as an amendment of H.264/AVC by Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) in 2007. SVC can provide different types of scalability and retain reconstruction quality characteristics similar to single layer H.264/AVC but in trade of higher complexity of the decoder compared to H.264/AVC. This paper presents an overview of improved H.264/AVC standard and describes tools for supporting temporal scalability, spatial and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) scalability. Temporal scalability is realized by the hierarchical B-frame (bi-predictive picture) structure which shows better results than structures used in prior video coding standards. Spatial scalability uses inter-layer prediction from any other layer and residual prediction which shows better results in coding efficiency. For quality scalability different methods are analyzed and the results are compared. The paper illustrates the results for coding efficiency with concept of using combined types of scalability.
Structural and Functional Characterization of a PollenSpecific Promoter NTPp13 in Tobacco 1 (2010)

A novel 407 bp nucleotide sequence NTPp13 was isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by PCR, its structure and function were characterized. The NTPp13 sequence was highly homologous with the pollen-specific expression promoter Zm13 from maize (Zea mays L.) and contained some key motifs which controlled pollen-specific expression. The NTPp 13 was fused to the β-glucuronidase (G US) reporter gene and transferred into tobacco. Analysis of the transgenic plants revealed that this putative promoter fragment was sufficient to direct GUS expression specifically in the anther, exactly in the pollen and pollen tube, and that G US activity reached the maximum at the stage of pollen grain began to separate. Further study showed that the expression of NTPp13 sequence at pollen was stable at the range of temperature measured. These data suggested that the NTPp13 sequence was likely the essential element of promoter region of an unknown pollen-specific gene from tobacco.
Building Reconstruction by Target Based Graph Matching on Incomplete Laser Data: Analysis and Limitations (2009)

With the increasing point densities provided by airborne laser scanner (ALS) data the requirements on derived products also increase. One major application of ALS data is to provide input for 3D city models. Modeling of roof faces, (3D) road and terrain surfaces can partially be done in an automated manner, although many such approaches are still in a development stage. Problems in automatic building reconstruction lie in the dynamic area between assumptions and reality. Not every object in the data appears as the algorithm expects. Challenges are to detect areas that cannot be reconstructed automatically. This paper describes our contribution to the field of building reconstruction by proposing a target based graph matching approach that can handle both complete and incomplete laser data. Match results describe which target objects appear topologically in the data. Complete match results can be reconstructed in an automated manner. Quality parameters store information on how the model fits to the input data and which data has not been used. Areas where laser data only partly matches with target objects are detected automatically. Four datasets are analyzed in order to describe the quality of the automatically reconstructed roofs, and to point out the reasons why segments are left out from the automatic reconstruction. The reasons why these areas are left out include lack of data information and limitations of our initial target objects. Potential improvement to our approach is to include likelihood functions to the existence of topological relations.
Microfluidic Mixing: A General Method for Encapsulating Macromolecules in Lipid Nanoparticle Systems B (2015)

Previous work has shown that lipid nanoparticles (LNP) composed of an ionizable cationic lipid, a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) lipid, distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), cholesterol, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be efficiently manufactured employing microfluidic mixing techniques. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and molecular simulation studies indicate that these LNP systems exhibit a nanostructured core with periodic aqueous compartments containing siRNA. Here we examine first how the lipid composition influences the structural properties of LNP–siRNA systems produced by microfluidic mixing and, second, whether the microfluidic mixing technique can be extended to macromolecules larger than siRNA. It is shown that LNP–siRNA systems can exhibit progressively more bilayer structure as the proportion of bilayer DSPC lipid is increased, suggesting that the core of LNP–siRNA systems can exhibit a continuum of nanostructures depending on the proportions and structural preferences of component lipids. Second, it is shown that the microfluidic mixing technique can also be extended to encapsulation of much larger negatively charged polymers such mRNA (1.7 kb) or plasmid DNA (6 kb). Finally, as a demonstration of the generality of the microfluidic mixing encapsulation process, it is also demonstrated that negatively charged gold nanoparticles (5 nm diameter) can also be efficiently encapsulated in LNP containing cationic lipids. Interestingly, the nanostructure of these gold-containing LNP reveals a “currant bun” morphology as visualized by cryo-TEM. This structure is fully consistent with LNP–siRNA structure predicted by molecular modeling.
A Library of Single-Crystal Metal−Tin Nanorods: Using Diffusion as a Tool for Controlling the Morphology of Intermetallic Nanocrystals (2008)

We describe a unified and general template-based strategy for synthesizing a library of morphology-controllable M−Sn (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Ru) intermetallic nanorods. The reaction of β-Sn nanorod templates with appropriate metal salt solutions under reducing conditions yields single-crystal intermetallic nanorods of CoSn3, Ni3Sn4, Cu6Sn5, Ag4Sn, AuSn, PtSn, and RuSn2. Temperature plays a key role in maintaining the morphology of the β-Sn nanorod templates in the final M−Sn products and also selectively generating spherical nanocrystals vs dense nanorods vs hollow nanorods, in some cases (e.g., CoSn3) within the same system. These observations are linked to the diffusion process, and accordingly, the melting points of the transition elements used in this study can help us understand and predict the morphologies that can be formed, as well as the lowest temperature at which a particular intermetallic compound can form using low-temperature solution routes.
Poisson distributed noise generation for spiking neural applications (2010)

Poisson distributed spike trains are often used as the input to VLSI implementations of spiking neural networks. However, it can be difficult to generate large truly random spike distributions which can be easily applied as input to a chip. This work presents results recorded from an avalanche photo diode which demonstrates that it can be used to create a Poisson distributed spike train and describes the circuitry which will allow it to interface with other neuromorphic chips using the Address Event Representation protocol. The chip is currently being fabricated using the AMS 0.35μm HV process.
A Catalytic-Assembly Solvothermal Route to Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes at a Moderate Temperature (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Catalytic-Assembly Solvothermal Route to Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes at a Moderate TemperatureYang Jiang, Yue Wu, Shuyuan Zhang, Cunyi Xu, Weichao Yu, Yi Xie, and Yitai QianView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 49, 12383–12384Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2000Publication History Received3 July 2000Published online18 November 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002387bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002387brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1931Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Carbon nanotubes,Metals,Nanoparticles,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Galacto‐conjugation of Navitoclax as an efficient strategy to increase senolytic specificity and reduce platelet toxicity (2020)

Pharmacologically active compounds with preferential cytotoxic activity for senescent cells, known as senolytics, can ameliorate or even revert pathological manifestations of senescence in numerous preclinical mouse disease models, including cancer models. However, translation of senolytic therapies to human disease is hampered by their suboptimal specificity for senescent cells and important toxicities that narrow their therapeutic windows. We have previously shown that the high levels of senescence-associated lysosomal β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) found within senescent cells can be exploited to specifically release tracers and cytotoxic cargoes from galactose-encapsulated nanoparticles within these cells. Here, we show that galacto-conjugation of the BCL-2 family inhibitor Navitoclax results in a potent senolytic prodrug (Nav-Gal), that can be preferentially activated by SA-β-gal activity in a wide range of cell types. Nav-Gal selectively induces senescent cell apoptosis and has a higher senolytic index than Navitoclax (through reduced activation in nonsenescent cells). Nav-Gal enhances the cytotoxicity of standard senescence-inducing chemotherapy (cisplatin) in human A549 lung cancer cells. Concomitant treatment with cisplatin and Nav-Gal in vivo results in the eradication of senescent lung cancer cells and significantly reduces tumour growth. Importantly, galacto-conjugation reduces Navitoclax-induced platelet apoptosis in human and murine blood samples treated ex vivo, and thrombocytopenia at therapeutically effective concentrations in murine lung cancer models. Taken together, we provide a potentially versatile strategy for generating effective senolytic prodrugs with reduced toxicities.
Specific Chemical Cleavage of Asparaginyl and Glycyl-Glycine Bonds in Peptides and Proteins by Anhydrous Hydrazine Vapor1 (1994)

Hydrazinolysis of peptide or protein has been used for C-terminal amino acid determination by Akabori et al. (1952). In this study, proteins were reacted with anhydrous hydrazine vapor at 20 degrees C for 16 h. Asparaginyl linkages were cleaved. Asparagine and glutamine were converted to their hydrazides, beta-hydrazidyl aspartic acid and gamma-hydrazidyl glutamic acid, respectively, even under milder conditions. The former hydrazide cyclizes to a 6-membered ring, asparaginyl bond at the carboxyl side. Other cleavages, including the glycyl-glycine bond, were also observed.
Galectin-3 as a multifunctional protein. (2004)

Galectin-3 is a 31 kDa member of a growing family of beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins. This protein is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types and is mainly found in the cytoplasm, although, depending on cell type and proliferative state, a significant amount of this lectin can also be detected in the nucleus, on the cell surface or in the extracellular environment. Galectin-3 is secreted from cells by a novel and incompletely understood mechanism that is independent of the classical secretory pathway through the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi network. Galectin-3 exhibits pleiotropic biological function, playing a key role in many physiological and pathological processes.
Inter-vehicle communication, license plate verification, and distance estimation for the construction of driving surroundings (2014)

In this paper, we proposed a crowd-sensing idea to construct the driving environment so that the driver could have better understanding of his/her surroundings on the roadway. We assume that intelligent vehicles will embed a sensing system, which is composed of three basic modules including inter-vehicle communication, vehicle license plate verification, and distance estimation. Through the help of inter-vehicle communication, a vehicle can receive a set of IDs from its nearby vehicles. Those received IDs, with the license plate numbers of the nearby vehicles, could further improve the license plate verification function in an uncontrolled environment. Moreover, we proposed a regression method, which models the relationship between the image coordinate and the geometric distance, to estimate the front vehicle distance. Finally, by fusing the vehicle verification and distance information from nearby vehicles, the system would provide a global view to tell the driver the information of those vehicles around him and their distances. Comparing with the existing advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), this system would support a wider view of the driving environment, and provide a more comfortable and safer driving experience. To fulfill the sensing system, a license plate verification method with the help from inter-vehicle communication and a regression method for distance estimation are detailed in this paper. Based on the results, our system could verify the license plate with a high accuracy rate and provide robust distance estimation.
Suppressing phase coarsening in immiscible polymer blends using nano-silica particles located at the interface (2015)

Coalescence suppressing effect of nanoparticles at the interface of polymer blends.
Eutectic Phase Polymerization of Activated Ribonucleotide Mixtures Yields Quasi-Equimolar Incorporation of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleobases (2003)

The RNA world hypothesis requires a plausible mechanism by which RNA itself (or precursor RNA-like polymers) can be synthesized nonenzymatically from the corresponding building blocks. Simulation experiments have exploited chemically reactive mononucleotides as monomers. Solutions of such monomers in the prebiotic environment were likely to be very dilute, but in experimental simulations of polymerization reactions dilute solutions of activated mononucleotides in the millimolar range hydrolyze extensively, and only trace amounts of dimers and trimers are formed. We report here that random medium-size RNA analogues with mixed sequences (5- to 17-mers with traces of longer products) can be synthesized in ice eutectic phases that are produced when dilute solutions of activated monomers and catalysts (Mg(II) and Pb(II)) are frozen and maintained at -18 degrees C for periods up to 38 days. Under these conditions, the monomers are concentrated as eutectics in an ice matrix. Hydrolysis of the activated mononucleotides was suppressed at low-temperature ranges, and polymerization was enhanced with yields up to 90%. Analysis of the mixed oligomers established that incorporation of both purine and pyrimidine bases proceeded at comparable rates and yields. These results suggest that ice deposits on the early Earth could have facilitated the synthesis of short- and medium-size random sequence RNA analogues and thereby provided a microenvironment suitable for the formation of biopolymers or their precursors.
CYTOKINE MODULATION OF TH1/TH2 PHENOTYPE DIFFERENTIATION IN DIRECTLY ALLORESPONSIVE CD4+ HUMAN T CELLS1 (1996)

Organ graft rejection is caused by the recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules by recipient T cells by two different pathways. The indirect pathway of alloreactivity requires the presentation of MHC peptides from the graft by autologous APC, as with conventional antigen. The direct pathway, on the other hand, requires the recognition of foreign MHC on foreign cells. The regulatory mechanisms for this component of alloreactivity have not been extensively studied. We show here that the T cell response activated by alloantigens in the direct pathway is similarly constrained and modulated by cytokines, as has been shown for classic antigen presentation. Thus, the inclusion of IL-2 or TGF-beta in MLC performed with purified responder T cells resulted in outgrowth of cells secreting IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas addition of IL-4, IL-10, or anti-TGF-beta encouraged outgrowth of cells secreting IL-4 and IL-10. T cells alloactivated via the direct pathway and then cloned in IL-2 alone secreted IL-4 and IL-10 as well as IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th0 phenotype). Established clones remained susceptible to cytokine modulation, such that IL-4 and IL-10 decreased their secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas TGF-beta suppressed IL-4 and IL-10 secretion. The first alterations of Th0 toward Th1 or Th2 phenotypes could already be observed after only a very brief exposure to cytokines of 48 hr, followed by extended culture with IL-2 alone. These results confirm that human T cells with Th1 and Th2 phenotypes, recognizing alloantigen via the direct pathway, derive from the same IL-2-secreting precursor and can be manipulated by cytokines in an analogous fashion to conventional antigen-reactive cells. These findings may have implications for manipulating the direct pathway of alloantigen recognition in human organ transplantation.
MHC-peptide binding: dimers of cysteine-containing nonapeptides bind with high affinity to HLA-A2.1 class I molecules. (1997)

Small peptides, 8-10 amino acids long, derived from degradation of cytoplasmic proteins by a proteasome-proteinase complex, are usually presented and recognized by CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Recently synthetic peptides were used for the in vitro induction of tumor-specific CTLs, offering another strategy in the study of the immune-response repertoire and providing a new tool in cancer vaccination and immunotherapy. Peptides derived from otherwise normal proteins, overexpressed in many tumors as products of the protooncogene, may represent a target for an immune response. This is the case of HER-2/neu gene (also known as ErbB-2), encoding a cysteine-rich glycoprotein transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity (gp185neu). Recent data, demonstrating that HLA-A2.1-related peptides are able to stimulate in vitro CD8+ lymphocytes, Prompted us to study the binding to HLA-A2.1 molecules of several gp185 synthetic peptides containing a cystein residue and to define the relevance of this amino acid residue in the reduced or oxidated form of the sulfhydryl group. We found that monomers and their homodimers, linked by a disulfide bridge, bind to HLA-A2.1 molecules with overlapping affinity. These results suggest that additional amino acids of the nonapeptide do not prevent the binding and the HLA refolding through chemical or sterical interactions. This might be of particular relevance for the in vivo processing of cysteine-rich proteins. Because ErbB-2 molecules, as tumor-differentiation antigens in melanoma, are cysteine-rich molecules, it may be relevant to evaluate the possible role of the cystine residues interacting with the T-cell receptor. The recognition of these heterodimers by CD8+ lymphocytes will require functional in vivo studies.
Analytic Queries over Geospatial Time-Series Data Using Distributed Hash Tables (2016)

As remote sensing equipment and networked observational devices continue to proliferate, their corresponding data volumes have surpassed the storage and processing capabilities of commodity computing hardware. This trend has led to the development of distributed storage frameworks that incrementally scale out by assimilating resources as necessary. While challenging in its own right, storing and managing voluminous datasets is only the precursor to a broader field of research: extracting insights, relationships, and models from the underlying datasets. The focus of this study is twofold: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">exploratory</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">predictive</i> analytics over voluminous, multidimensional datasets in a distributed environment. Both of these types of analysis represent a higher-level abstraction over standard query semantics; rather than indexing every discrete value for subsequent retrieval, our framework autonomously learns the relationships and interactions between dimensions in the dataset and makes the information readily available to users. This functionality includes statistical synopses, correlation analysis, hypothesis testing, probabilistic structures, and predictive models that not only enable the discovery of nuanced relationships between dimensions, but also allow future events and trends to be predicted. The algorithms presented in this work were evaluated empirically on a real-world geospatial time-series dataset in a production environment, and are broadly applicable across other storage frameworks.