gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connecting the nutrient composition of seasonal pollens with changing nutritional needs of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies (2018)

Free-ranging herbivores have yearly life cycles that generate dynamic resource needs. Honey bee colonies also have a yearly life cycle that might generate nutritional requirements that differ between times of brood rearing and colony expansion in the spring and population contraction and preparation for overwintering in the fall. To test this, we analyzed polyfloral mixes of spring and fall pollens to determine if the nutrient composition differed with season. Next, we fed both types of seasonal pollens to bees reared in spring and fall. We compared the development of brood food glands (i.e., hypopharyngeal glands - HPG), and the expression of genes in the fat body between bees fed pollen from the same (in-season) or different season (out-of-season) when they were reared. Because pathogen challenges often heighten the effects of nutritional stress, we infected a subset of bees with Nosema to determine if bees responded differently to the infection depending on the seasonal pollen they consumed. We found that spring and fall pollens were similar in total protein and lipid concentrations, but spring pollens had higher concentrations of amino and fatty acids that support HPG growth and brood production. Bees responded differently when fed in vs. out of season pollen. The HPG of both uninfected and Nosema-infected spring bees were larger when they were fed spring (in-season) compared to fall pollen. Spring bees differentially regulated more than 200 genes when fed in- vs. out-of-season pollen. When infected with Nosema, approximately 400 genes showed different infection-induced expression patterns in spring bees depending on pollen type. In contrast, HPG size in fall bees was not affected by pollen type, though HPG were smaller in those infected with Nosema. Very few genes were differentially expressed with pollen type in uninfected (4 genes) and infected fall bees (5 genes). Pollen type did not affect patterns of infection-induced expression in fall bees. Our data suggest that physiological responses to seasonal pollens differ between bees reared in the spring and fall with spring bees being significantly more sensitive to pollen type especially when infected with Nosema. This study provides evidence that seasonal pollens may provide levels of nutrients that align with the activities of honey bees during their yearly colony cycle. The findings are important for the planning and establishment of forage plantings to sustain honey bees, and in the development of seasonal nutritional supplements fed to colonies when pollen is unavailable.
Effects of Short-Term Psychological Stress on the Time and Frequency Domains of Heart-Rate Variability (2000)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that short-term psychological stress produces significant changes in sympathovagal activity. A simple, noninvasive method was used measuring the timing and frequency of heart-rate variability (HRV). 30 normal healthy subjects were assigned into two age- and sex matched groups. In the experimental condition a 5-min. psychological stress test, predominantly based on the Stroop Word Color Conflict Test, was employed in a competitive setting and included a financial inducement to produce psychological strain. Analysis showed that during psychological stress a significant reduction in the timing and frequency of heart rate variability was observed. The standard deviation of interbeat intervals decreased. A significant increase in heart rate was also observed. Within the frequency domain, a significant reduction in the high frequency component of HRV and a significant increase in the low frequency component were observed. There was also a significant increase in the low frequency to high frequency ratio. Self-evaluation of physical tension and emotional state measured by visual analog scales also showed significant increases following psychological stress. No significant differences were observed on any variables within the control group. The results indicate a shift towards sympathetic predominance as a result of parasympathetic withdrawal and demonstrates that this psychological stress test is effective in provoking a characteristic defence-arousal reaction. This simple, cost-effective method of analysing heart rate variability is suitable for detection of short-term changes in sympathovagal balance.
The risk of cerebral damage during graded brain retractor pressure in the rat (1985)

A considerable reduction in regional cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated with brain retraction at a pressure of 30 mm Hg. The authors undertook a neuropathological study to assess the effect on brain tissue of brain retractors applied at varying pressures for 15 minutes. The following changes were found: after 20 mm Hg of brain retractor pressure (BRP) only one of six brains revealed infarction involving all cortical layers; after 30 mm Hg of BRP cortical infarction, partly hemorrhagic, was found in five of six brains; after 40 mm Hg of BRP all six animals showed cortical damage. There were no signs of cerebral damage outside the retractor application area or in deeper brain structures. It was concluded that only if BRP did not exceed 20 mm Hg for 15 minutes could damage be avoided in this model.
Imaging the Cardiovascular Pulse (2005)

We have developed a novel method to measure human cardiac pulse at a distance. It is based on the information contained in the thermal signal emitted from major superficial vessels. This signal is acquired through a highly sensitive thermal imaging system. Temperature on the vessel is modulated by pulsative blood flow. To compute the frequency of modulation (pulse), we extract a line-based region along the vessel. Then, we apply Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to individual points along this line of interest to capitalize on the pulse propagation effect. Finally, we use an adaptive estimation function on the average FFT outcome to quantify the pulse. We have tested the accuracy of our method on 5 subjects with highly successful results. The technology is expected to find applications among others in sustained physiological monitoring of cardiopulmonary diseases, sport training, sleep studies, and psychophysiology (polygraph).
A phased array feed, dual offset reflector antenna for testing array compensation techniques (1990)

A design of a phased-array-feed, dual offset reflector antenna for testing the concept of extending the antenna field of view (electronic beam steering range) by adjusting the array element phase shifters to compensate for optical aberration is presented. The test article is envisioned to be a small replica of the near field feed, offset Gregorian reflector antenna frequently conceived for narrow field of view systems. The test article feed array was sized to match an available 5 lambda square (approximately) MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) planar array. The array contains a MMIC T/R module with a controllable digital phase shifter for each of 104 radiating elements. A detailed analysis of the design was performed with the physical optics based program ARCREF. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that the MMIC array can be used in an experiment to verify that appropriate adjustment of the feed array phases for an array feed reflector system can recover much of the gain loss with scan attributed to optical aberration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Label-Free, Microfluidic Separation of Human Breast Carcinoma and Epithelial Cells by Adhesion Difference (2007)

A simple, label-free microfluidic separation of cancer cells by exploiting difference in cell adhesion. To maximize the adhesion difference, three types of polymeric nanostructures (50nm pillars, 50nm perpendicular and parallel lines with respect to the direction of flow) were fabricated using UV- assisted capillary moulding onto glass substrate of PDMS microfluidic channel. The adhesion force of human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) and human breast carcinoma (MCF7) was measured independently by injecting each cell line into the microfluidic device followed by culture for a period of time (e.g., one, two, and three hours). Then, the cells bound to the floor of a microfluidic channel were detached by increasing the flow rate of medium in a stepwise fashion. The adhesion force of MCF10A was always higher than that of MCF cells regardless of culture time and surface nanotopography at all flow rates, resulting in a label-free separation of cancer cells. For the cell types used in our study, the optimum separation was found for 2 hours culture on 50nm parallel line pattern followed by flow-induced detachment at a flow rate of 300 μl/min
Optical bistable switching action of Si high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities (2005)

We have demonstrated all-optical bistable switching operation of resonant-tunnelling devices with ultra-small high-Q Si photonic-crystal nanocavities. Due to their high Q/V ratio, the switching energy is extremely small in comparison with that of conventional devices using the same optical nonlinear mechanism. We also show that they exhibit all-opticaltransistor action by using two resonant modes. These ultrasmall unique nonlinear bistable devices have potentials to function as various signal processing functions in photonic-crystal-based optical-circuits.
Tuning the electronic effective mass in double-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SrTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2011)

We elucidate the relationship between effective mass and carrier concentration in an oxide semiconductor controlled by a double-doping mechanism. In this model oxide system, ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiO}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$, we can tune the effective mass ranging from 6 to $20{m}_{e}$ as a function of filling (carrier concentration) and the scattering mechanism, which are dependent on the chosen lanthanum- and oxygen-vacancy concentrations. The effective mass values were calculated from the Boltzmann transport equation using the measured transport properties of thin films of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiO}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$. We show that the effective mass decreases with carrier concentration in this large-band-gap, low-mobility oxide, and this behavior is contrary to the traditional high-mobility, small-effective-mass semiconductors.
Natural Gradient Learning for Over- and Under-Complete Bases in ICA (1999)

Independent component analysis or blind source separation is a new technique of extracting independent signals from mixtures. It is applicable even when the number of independent sources is unknown and is larger or smaller than the number of observed mixture signals. This article extends the natural gradient learning algorithm to be applicable to these overcomplete and undercomplete cases. Here, the observed signals are assumed to be whitened by preprocessing, so that we use the natural Riemannian gradient in Stiefel manifolds.
A Rating Formulation for Ordered Response Categories (1978)

A rating response mechanism for ordered categories, which is related to the traditional threshold formulation but distinctively different from it, is formulated. In addition to the subject and item parameters two other sets of parameters, which can be interpreted in terms of thresholds on a latent continuum and discriminations at the thresholds, are obtained. These parameters are identified with the category coefficients and the scoring function of the Rasch model for polychotomous responses in which the latent trait is assumed uni-dimensional. In the case where the threshold discriminations are equal, the scoring of successive categories by the familiar assignment of successive integers is justified. In the case where distances between thresholds are also equal, a simple pattern of category coefficients is shown to follow.
Growth of Boron‐Rich Nanowires by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) (2006)

B‐rich nanowires are grown on Ni coated oxidized Si(111) substrate using diborane as the gas precursor in a CVD process at 20 torr and 900C∘. These nanowires have diameters around 20–100 nanometers and lengths up to microns. Icosahedron B 12 is shown to be the basic building unit forming the amorphous B‐rich nanowires as characterized by EDAX, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopies. The gas chemistry at low [B 2 H 6 ]/ [N 2 ] ratio is monitored by the in situ mass spectroscopy, which identified N 2 as an inert carrier gas leading to formation of the B‐rich compounds. A nucleation controlled growth mechanism is proposed to explain the rugged nanowire growth of boron. The role of the Ni catalyst in the synthesis of the B‐rich nanostructures is also discussed.
Functions and effectors of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system (2003)

Salmonella enterica uses two functionally distinct type III secretion systems encoded on the pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 to transfer effector proteins into host cells. A major function of the SPI-1 secretion system is to enable bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and the principal role of SPI-2 is to facilitate the replication of intracellular bacteria within membrane-bound Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs). Studies of mutant bacteria defective for SPI-2-dependent secretion have revealed a variety of functions that can be attributed to this secretion system. These include an inhibition of various aspects of endocytic trafficking, an avoidance of NADPH oxidase-dependent killing, the induction of a delayed apoptosis-like host cell death, the control of SCV membrane dynamics, the assembly of a meshwork of F-actin around the SCV, an accumulation of cholesterol around the SCV and interference with the localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase to the SCV. Several effector proteins that are translocated across the vacuolar membrane in a SPI-2-dependent manner have now been identified. These are encoded both within and outside SPI-2. The characteristics of these effectors, and their relationship to the physiological functions listed above, are the subject of this review. The emerging picture is of a multifunctional system, whose activities are explained in part by effectors that control interactions between the SCV and intracellular membrane compartments.
Fabrication of high current density Nb integrated circuits using a self-aligned junction anodization process (2003)

We have developed a self-aligned Nb/Al-AlO/sub x//Nb junction anodization process that allows outside junction contacts and relaxed contact alignment. In this process, the junction, rather than the junction contact, becomes the minimum definable feature size. Junction size is limited only by the resolution of the lithography and etch tools, which is 0.65 /spl mu/m in our foundry. The self-aligned junction anodization process allows a significant increase in circuit speed due to the decrease in minimum junction size and increase in junction critical current density without investment in new fabrication tools. This process requires only one additional, noncritical masking step and has no impact on existing design rules. We describe the fabrication and electrical characteristics of lightly anodized junctions and arrays at 8 kA/cm/sup 2/ and the development of new 5 /spl Omega//sq. MoN/sub x/ and 0.15 /spl Omega//sq. Mo/Al resistors. We also discuss the 300 GHz T flip-flop benchmark results from our new 8 kA/cm/sup 2/, 1.25 /spl mu/m Nb integrated circuit process and compare these results to other Nb processes.
Mutual Solubility and Lower Critical Solution Temperature for Water + Glycol Ether Systems (2005)

Mutual solubility and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are reported for a number of water + ethylene glycol ether and water + propylene glycol ether systems near atmospheric pressure. For the systems studied, the LCST is in the range of −10 °C to 48 °C. Glycol ethers are unusual organic solvents in that they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functionality and can hydrogen bond with water. Because of this, their interactions with water are complex and difficult to predict. The presence of an LCST is characteristic of hydrogen-bonding mixtures, and the value of the LCST reflects the relative magnitude of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions in solution. A higher LCST value is indicative of a glycol ether with greater hydrophilic character. For water + ethylene glycol ether mixtures, the glycol ether becomes increasingly hydrophilic (LCST increases) as the number of oxyalkylene repeating units increases. The opposite effect is seen for water + propylene glycol ether mixtures. In this case, the glycol ether becomes more hydrophobic (LCST decreases) as the number of oxyalkylene repeating units increases. The results clearly demonstrate that water + glycol ether interactions are strong functions of both chemical structure and temperature.
EXPO-AGRI: Smart automatic greenhouse control (2017)

Predicting and controlling plant behavior in controlled environments is a growing requirement in precision agriculture. In this context sensor networks and artificial intelligence methods represent key aspects for optimizing the processes of data acquisition, mathematical modeling and decision making. In this paper we present a general architecture for automatic greenhouse control. In particular, we focus on a preliminary model for predicting the risk of new infections of downy mildew of basil (Peronospora belbahrii) on sweet basil. The architecture has three main elements of innovation: new kinds of sensors are used to extract information about the state of the plants, model predictors are generated from this information by non-trivial processing methods, and informative predictors are automatically selected using regularization techniques.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic profiling of fluorescent labelled N‐glycans on glycoproteins (2002)

Abstract Monitoring protein glycosylation is becoming increasingly important as novel recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics, such as glycoprotein hormones, cytokines and clotting factors, are introduced into clinical use. In this report, we describe an HPLC strategy and an improved and simplified pre‐column derivatization procedure to profile N‐linked glycans obtained from a variety of commercially available glycoproteins as examples. N‐Glycans were first released by peptide:N‐glycosidase F and labelled with the fluorescent label, 4‐aminobenzoic acid by reductive amination. The labelled N‐Glycans were then resolved by normal‐phase HPLC and the N‐glycan profile could be further improved by separating the N‐glycans first according to charge by anion‐exchange HPLC prior to the normal‐phase HPLC. If required, identification of the fractionated derivatized oligosaccharides can be determined by mass spectrometry. The whole profiling process is simple and can be implemented in most laboratories. Because of the high sensitivity, batch glycan‐analysis of low‐yield recombinant glycoproteins such as samples in ampoules or obtained in the early stage of production development is possible. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Mechanics conformational analysis of structurally related UV-filters: conformation-antibacterial activity relationships. (1998)

A comparative molecular mechanics study of a series of sunscreens has been performed in the vacuum and also in CHCl3 and H2O environments. Noticeable differences have been found between conformations of benzophenone derivatives and those of the most antibacterial active salicylic derivative. While benzophenone derivatives we found only linear or folded conformations, for salicylic derivative coiled conformations were found to be relevant contributors, while H2O a coiled conformation was found to be the absolute minimum conformer. These findings are discussed in the light of structure-activity relationships.
The Present Application and Materials for Selective Laser Sintering (2009)

The theory and characteristic of selective laser sintering(SLS) is introduced.The type,characteristic and present application of SLS materials are compared and analyzed,some suggestions have been proposed about research direction.
Perumusan Strategi Bersaing Pada Laboratorium Klinik Meditest Semarang (2021)

Along with the trends of healthy lifestyle in which many people are attentive with their own medical condition, public become more actively check their health. Especially there is Covid-19 pandemic in the present time. Medical check-up can be served by clinical laboratory. This research was performed in Meditest clinical laboratory, located in the city of Semarang. The purpose of this research aims to formulate competitive strategy for Meditest based on definition by Fred R. David. The data used on this research is primary type, gathered by interviewing those responsible to Meditest’s operational activity, such as owner of Meditest, manager, procurement division, marketing division, and lab analyst. Then, the data is processed, beginning from first step using external factor analysis and internal factor analysis, next steps are IE matrix and SWOT matrix, and the final step is QSPM. Result of the research shows that the suitable strategy that can be used by Meditest is market penetration. Marketing and promotion need to be more intense and frequently, especially using popular social media platform so that it makes Meditest to be more known by general public. Also, need to be considered to update several lab equipments that felt dated, replaced with equipments with latest technology, so that those will improve service quality to patients.
Neurokinin B and pre-eclampsia: a decade of discovery (2010)

At the start of the last decade, we provided evidence that levels of the peptide neurokinin B were highly elevated in pre-eclampsia. We hypothesized that elevated levels of neurokinin B may be an indicator of pre-eclampsia and that treatment with certain neurokinin receptor antagonists may be useful in alleviating the symptoms. At the time of the original hypothesis many questions remained outstanding. These included - Does neurokinin B have any diagnostic value in the detection and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia? - What is the cause of the elevated levels of neurokinin B during pre-eclampsia? - What is the physiological significance of neurokinin B in the placenta? This review discusses the answers to these questions taking into account the subsequent developments of the past ten years and analyzing the plethora of discoveries that have arisen from those initial observations.
Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. (2014)

Throughout history, many different cultures have recognized the potential use of garlic for prevention and treatment of different diseases. Recent studies support the effects of garlic and its extracts in a wide range of applications. These studies raised the possibility of revival of garlic therapeutic values in different diseases. Different compounds in garlic are thought to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases, have anti-tumor and anti-microbial effects, and show benefit on high blood glucose concentration. However, the exact mechanism of all ingredients and their long-term effects are not fully understood. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of action of garlic as well as its efficacy and safety in treatment of various diseases.
Model Based Spatial Data Mining for Power Markets (2006)

land’s electrical infrastructure and obtain results that In this paper, we use model-driven data mining tech- can be applied towards the building of the synthetic niques to address the issue of realistically assigning ser- city.