gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune Response to Chlamydial 60-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein in Tears from Nepali Trachoma Patients (2001)

Although the host immune response to the 60-kDa chlamydial heat shock protein (hsp60) has been implicated in trachoma pathogenesis, no studies have examined mucosal immune responses to hsp60 in populations for which chlamydia is endemic. Tears and sera from Nepali villagers were reacted against hsp60 fusion proteins, whole hsp60, and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Tears from villagers without disease were anti-hsp60 immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactive in 6 (38%) of 16 villagers compared with 36 (90%) of 40 with follicular trachoma (TF) (P < 0.001); 47 (89%) of 53 with inflammatory trachoma (TI) (P < 0.001); and 31 (84%) of 37 with conjunctival scarring (TS) (P = 0.002). By multivariate analysis, odds ratios for tear hsp60 IgG immunoreactivity in villagers with TF, TI, and TS were 49.2 (confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 898), 22.6 (CI, 3 to 170), and 13.6 (CI, 1.4 to 133), respectively. There were no significant differences for tear IgA or secretory IgA (sIgA) reactivity to hsp60 or for tear sIgA and IgG reactivity to MOMP. Serum anti-hsp60 IgG immunoreactivity was associated with TI only. These data suggest that anti-hsp60 IgG immunoreactivity represents largely locally derived antibodies, which may promote disease pathology. In contrast, nonspecific high rates of anti-hsp60 sIgA antibodies suggest chronic or repeat stimulation from an endemic source of organisms.
Effect of silicon on trace element partitioning in iron‐bearing metallic melts (2010)

Abstract– Despite the fact that Si is considered a potentially important metalloid in planetary systems, little is known about the effect of Si in metallic melts on trace element partitioning behavior. Previous studies have established the effects of S, C, and P, nonmetals, through solid metal/liquid metal experiments in the corresponding Fe binary systems, but the Fe‐Si system is not appropriate for similar experiments because of the high solubility of Si in solid metal. In this work, we present the results from 0.1 MPa experiments with two coexisting immiscible metallic liquids in the Fe‐S‐Si system. By leveraging the extensive available knowledge about the effect of S on trace element partitioning behavior, we explore the effect of Si. Results for 22 trace elements are presented. Strong Si avoidance behavior is demonstrated by As, Au, Ga, Ge, Sb, Sn, and Zn. Iridium, Os, Pt, Re, Ru, and W exhibit weak Si avoidance tendencies. Silicon appears to have no significant effect on the partitioning behaviors of Ag, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pd, and V, all of which had similar partition coefficients over a wide range of Si liquid concentrations from Si‐free to 13 wt%. The only elements in our experiments to show evidence of a potentially weak attraction to Si were Mo and Rh. Applications of the newly determined effects of Si to problems in planetary science indicate that (1) The elements Ni, Co, Mo, and W, which are commonly used in planetary differentiation models, are minimally affected by the presence of Si in the metal, especially in comparison to other effects such as from oxygen fugacity. 2) Reduced enstatite‐rich meteorites may record a chemical signature due to Si in the metallic melts during partial melting, and if so, elements identified by this study as having strong Si avoidance may offer unique insight into unraveling the history of these meteorites.
Aqueous absorbents and membranes for a new flue gas SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ removal process using electrodialysis for regeneration (1986)

A proposed process is described for removing SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ simultaneously from power-plant flue gas by passing the gas through a wet scrubber, followed by electrodialysis to remove sulfite and sulfate ions from the scrubbing liquor and thermal stripping to remove NO/sub x/. The sulfite and sulfate ions are used to produce sulfuric acid, while the stripped NO/sub x/ is reburned in the boiler. Preliminary tests of a bench-scale electrodialysis stack are described. Absorption and stripping tests of various aqueous absorbents in a one-meter column are also described; the tests were conducted to screen the absorbents for NO/sub x/ and SO/sub 2/ removal ability. Emphasis was on metal-chelate solutions. The best absorbent tested removed 98% of the NO and 99% of the SO/sub 2/ from simulated flue gas containing 5.9% oxygen.
Clearance of Radiation-Induced Apoptotic Lymphocytes:<i>Ex Vivo</i>Studies and an<i>In Vitro</i>Co-culture Model (2002)

Lymphocytes are very sensitive to radiation. Our aim was to test the possibility of detecting apoptosis in lymphocytes as a potential short-term biomarker of ionizing radiation exposure. Our in vitro data confirmed the dose-time-effect relationships involved in radiation-induced apoptosis. The detection of in vivo induction of apoptosis in circulating lymphocytes after exposure of animals to radiation appears to depend critically on the technique used to measure apoptosis. Among the different techniques we investigated, mitochondrial modification was the most appropriate; they allowed establishment of dose-time-effect relationships when animals were observed for 72 h. A model of in vitro phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages was developed to mimic clearance of apoptotic cells occurring in vivo. Together, our data show that mitochondrial labeling may make it possible to detect ex vivo radiation-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes before macrophage ingestion occurs. We propose the measurement of apoptosis in lymphocytes as a potential short-term biomarker of ionizing radiation exposure.
In vivo MRI using real‐time production of hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe (2008)

MR imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) nuclei is challenging because they are typically delivered in a single dose of nonrenewable magnetization, from which the entire image must be derived. This problem can be overcome with HP (129)Xe, which can be produced sufficiently rapidly to deliver in dilute form (1%) continuously and on-demand. We demonstrate a real-time in vivo delivery of HP (129)Xe mixture to rats, a capability we now routinely use for setting frequency, transmitter gain, shimming, testing pulse sequences, scout imaging, and spectroscopy. Compared to images acquired using conventional fully concentrated (129)Xe, real-time (129)Xe images have 26-fold less signal, but clearly depict ventilation abnormalities. Real-time (129)Xe MRI could be useful for time-course studies involving acute injury or response to treatment. Ultimately, real-time (129)Xe MRI could be done with more highly concentrated (129)Xe, which could increase the signal-to-noise ratio by 100 relative to these results to enable a new class of gas imaging applications.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for androstenone, skatole and boar taint in a cross between Large White and Meishan pigs (2004)

'Boar taint' is a strong perspiration-like, urine-like unpleasant odour given off upon heating or cooking of meat from some intact (uncastrated) male pigs. Data from the F(2) generation of a Large White (LW) x Meishan (MS) crossbred population were analysed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits associated with boar taint. Fat samples from 178 intact male pigs slaughtered at 85 +/- 5 kg were analysed for the major contributors to boar taint (androstenone, indole and skatole). Fat and lean samples from cooked meat were scored for boar, abnormal and pork flavour and odour by a trained sensory panel (SP). A scan with 117 markers covering the whole genome was performed in the F(2) individuals, together with their F(1) parents and purebred grandparents. At the 5% chromosomal significance threshold (approximately equal to the genome-wide suggestive significance threshold), QTL were detected for the laboratory estimate of androstenone on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9. However, only on chromosome 6 were there QTL for boar flavour (BF) traits in the same or adjacent marker intervals as a QTL for the laboratory estimate of androstenone. On chromosome 14, QTL were detected for the laboratory estimates of indole and skatole, the SP score for skatole and the scores for BF in lean and BF in fat. In all five cases, the MS allele generally increased the estimate or score, compared with the LW allele, but it appeared that desirable and undesirable alleles were present in both breeds. This locus on chromosome 14 has considerable potential for use to reduce the incidence of boar taint, especially if further research can identify the causative polymorphism or strongly associated markers.
Potentiation of Rifampicin and 5-Fluorocytosine as Antifungal Antibiotics by Amphotericin B (1972)

Amphotericin B potentiates the antifungal effects of 5-fluorocytosine and rifampicin, probably by increasing the penetration of these agents through the fungal cytoplasmic membrane.
Langevin modes of macromolecules (1986)

The standard gas phase normal mode analysis is generalized to condensed phases within the framework of the classical Langevin equation. The solution of this equation for a system of 3N atoms moving on a harmonic potential surface and subject to viscous damping described by a friction matrix (which is nondiagonal in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions) is reduced to the diagonalization of a 6N×6N real nonsymmetric matrix obtained from the mass-weighted force constant and friction matrices. Alternative formulations of the problem requiring either the diagonalization of a complex symmetric matrix or the solution to a generalized eigenvalue problem involving real symmetric matrices are also considered. The resulting eigenvalues, in general complex, are real when the motion is overdamped and occur in complex conjugate pairs in the underdamped case. It is shown that when the eigenvectors are normalized in a particular way, all quantities of interest (e.g., correlation functions) have simple spectral representations and can be expressed as summations over the eigenvalues and eigenvectors (‘‘Langevin modes’’) of the system. To treat situations in which the exact matrix solution is computationally prohibitive, a perturbation approach is developed which utilizes the gas phase normal mode results for the system. In zeroth-order each normal coordinate is a Langevin oscillator with a friction constant equal to a diagonal element of the normal mode-transformed friction matrix. This description is analytically tractable, can be improved perturbatively, and is exact in the limit that all atoms experience the same friction. The formalism developed in this paper provides a viable way of studying the influence of solvent on the dynamics of collective motions in macromolecules.
BosonSampling with lost photons (2016)

BosonSampling is an intermediate model of quantum computation where linear-optical networks are used to solve sampling problems expected to be hard for classical computers. Since these devices are not expected to be universal for quantum computation, it remains an open question of whether any error-correction techniques can be applied to them, and thus it is important to investigate how robust the model is under natural experimental imperfections, such as losses and imperfect control of parameters. Here, we investigate the complexity of BosonSampling under photon losses, more specifically, the case where an unknown subset of the photons is randomly lost at the sources. We show that if $k$ out of $n$ photons are lost, then we cannot sample classically from a distribution that is $1/{n}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}(k)}$ close (in total variation distance) to the ideal distribution, unless a ${\text{BPP}}^{\text{NP}}$ machine can estimate the permanents of Gaussian matrices in ${n}^{O(k)}$ time. In particular, if $k$ is constant, this implies that simulating lossy BosonSampling is hard for a classical computer, under exactly the same complexity assumption used for the original lossless case.
Treatment of Urea Cycle Disorders (1987)

Recent advances in the treatment of inborn errors of urea synthesis have significantly decreased mortality. Treatment has included combining a high-quality low-protein diet with supplements of deficient metabolites and stimulation of alternate pathways of waste nitrogen excretion. Long-term alternate pathway therapy, using sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate, has generally been unassociated with signs of toxicity. However, acute intoxications have simulated hyperammonemic crises. Neurologic outcome appears to be primarily a function of duration of neonatal hyperammonemic coma, although ongoing accumulation of urea cycle intermediates may also play a role. Early recognition and treatment are critical if a good outcome is to be possible.
Synthetic Membranes—Preparation, Structure, and Application (1982)

Abstract After a long period of dormancy, membrane separation processes have begun to emerge as technically significant and commercially relevant unit operations. Prior to the mid‐sixties, synthetic membranes were employed for those few specialized laboratory applications which could tolerate low permeability and poor selectivity or in electrochemical applications excluding, e. g. , batteries, fuel cells, chloride‐alkali electrolysis, where marginal chemical stability remained a severe limitation. Within the framework of a broad R & D program started in the US in the mid‐fifties and devoted to the production of fresh water from brackish and seawater, developments of more suitable membranes arose out of the application of the principles of physical chemistry, modern polymer chemistry (especially surface or interfacial polymerization and polycondensation technology), and electron microscopy. In particular, it was learned that asymmetric membrane structures comprise a very thin consolidated barrier layer (5000 Å or less for membranes with economically practical filtration rates) supported by an integral but less dense substrate which does not participate in the transport process. Later and after much effort, composite membranes were developed in which the salt‐rejecting skin (still only 5000 Å thick) was placed atop a supporting matrix formed from a more chemically and mechanically stable polymer.—The main desalination research effort led to several spin‐off developments in related membrane fields, e.g. the successful preparation and commercialization of ultrafiltration technology in the automobile, food, and chemical industries. Also, ion‐exchange membranes prepared from perfluorinated polymers offered the electrochemical industry much better chemical stability than the earlier phenolic‐resin‐based ion‐exchange membranes.—Current efforts are aimed at the improved selectivity and stability required for very specific separation processes ( e.g. separation of heavy metal salts from waste water or selective enrichment of gases). In the future, the mechanisms of biological processes will have to be exploited for successful development of synthetic membranes suitable for more sophisticated separations.
A new result on the distinctness of primitive sequences over Z(pq) modulo 2. (2010)

Let Z=(pq) be the integer residue ring modulo pq with odd prime numbers p and q. This paper studies the distinctness problem of modulo 2 reductions of two primitive sequences over Z=(pq), which has been studied by H.J. Chen and W.F. Qi in 2009. First, it is shown that almost every element in Z=(pq) occurs in a primitive sequence of order n > 2 over Z=(pq). Then based on this element distribution property of primitive sequences over Z=(pq), previous results are greatly improved and the set of primitive sequences over Z=(pq) that are known to be distinct modulo 2 is further enlarged.
Monolithic integration of a GaAlAs buried-heterostructure laser and a bipolar phototransistor (1982)

A GaAlAs buried-heterostructure laser has been monolithically integrated with a bipolar phototransistor. The heterojunction transistor was formed by the regrowth of the burying layers of the laser. Typical threshold current values for the lasers were 30 mA. Common-emitter current gains for the phototransistor of 100–400 and light responsivity of 75 A/W (for wavelengths of 0.82 μm) at collector current levels of 15 mA were obtained.
Electrochemical Gate-Controlled Charge Transport in Graphene in Ionic Liquid and Aqueous Solution (2009)

We have studied the electron transport behavior of electrochemically gated graphene transistors in different solutions. In an ionic liquid, we have determined the electron and hole carrier densities and estimated the concentration of charged impurities to be (1-10) x 10(12) cm(-2). The minimum conductivity displays an exponential decrease with the density of charged impurities, which is attributed to the impurity scattering of the carriers. In aqueous solutions, the position of minimum conductivity shifts negatively as the ionic concentration increases. The dependence of the transport properties on ionic concentration is important for biosensor applications, and the observation is modeled in terms of screening for impurity charges by the ions in solutions.
Optimized Triple-Junction Solar Cells Using Inverted Metamorphic Approach (Presentation) (2017)

Record efficiencies with triple-junction inverted metamorphic designs, modeling useful to optimize, and consider operating conditions before choosing design.
The specification and execution of heterogeneous synchronous reactive systems (1998)

Electronic systems are becoming more complex. Using subproblem-specific languages simplifies their design, but presents the problem of connecting the parts. I propose a system description scheme for reactive systems (systems that maintain a dialog with their environment) that supports such heterogeneity. I expect to contribute the system description scheme, a mathematical framework for it, a set of efficient algorithms for simulating these systems, and a practical implementation of the scheme. My prototype compiler suggests this scheme can be made practical, and the mathematical framework is nearly complete. I expect this work to make designing complex, heterogeneous reactive systems fast and simple. 1 Introduction Electronic systems are growing more complex. Describing these with a diverse set of languages, each suited to a particular subtask, can greatly simplify designing these systems, but the problem of connecting the subtasks arises. For example, a convenient descriptionof the d...
Aided Inertial LAnd NAvigation system (ILANA) with a minimum set of inertial sensors (2002)

This article summarises the activities of Honeywell Sondertechnik in Maintal Germany in the development and prototyping of a new low cost land navigation system (ILANA) with a minimum amount of inertial sensors. The system utilises one GG1308 ring-laser-gyro, two vibrating beam accelerometers RBA500 and a hodometer. To aid the system, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and the possibility for manual position fixes have been incorporated. System evaluation featured the Standard-Positioning-Service (SPS) and the Precise-Positioning-Service (PPS) of GPS. This effort has been conducted by Honeywell Sondertechnik in the time span 1992-1993. It highlights the important technical aspects and presents major test results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic separation of FCC equilibrium catalyst by HGMS (1982)

Heavier charge stocks, which are being increasingly cracked for gasoline or light fuel oil, contain considerable amounts of metal contaminants such as Ni, V, Fe, and others. In order to maintain catalytic activity in the presence of these impurities deposited on the catalysts, fresh catalyst is constantly added at the same time that equilibrium catalyst is withdrawn; however, with heavy feedstocks this catalytic makeup is often very expensive. A process for magnetic separation of the equilibrium catalyst is proposed herein. The process employs a high gradient magnetic separator (HGMS) which is an effective and economical device for removing very fine, weakly magnetic particles which are difficult to separate by conventional magnetic separators. Data presented for separation of model samples clearly suggest that highly metal-contaminated catalysts can be selectively separated by HGMS according to the metal content. It is projected that use of the HGMS for actual equilibrium catalysts will give considerable reduction of catalyst consumption in residual oil processing. (BLM)
An efficient yttrium catalysed version of the “Aufbaureaktion” for the synthesis of terminal functionalised polyethylene (2010)

The cationic lanthanoid alkyl complexes (NCN)YR(THF)(+) (R = CH(2)SiMe(3)) bearing a NCN-ligand based on N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-benzamidine (AmH), N-[6-(2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-(2,6-diisopropyl)aniline (ApH) or 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylguanidine (GuaH) combined with an excess of trialkyl aluminium compounds (AlR(3); R = Et, iso-Bu, n-Oct) are efficient catalysts for the highly controlled coordinative chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) of ethylene, a catalysed version of the "Aufbaureaktion". The aluminium terminated polyethylene (PE) can be oxidised to yield long chain alcohols which are the basis for a diverse polymer chemistry.
Dai-kenchu-to Enhances Accelerated Small Intestinal Movement. (2001)

The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of Dai-kenchu-to on accelerated small intestinal movement. We evaluated the effects of Dai-kenchu-to and its constituent herbs (dried ginger root, ginseng, zanthoxylum fruit, and malt sugar) on carbachol-accelerated mouse small intestinal transit, and contractions induced by low-frequency electrostimulation (ESC), KCl, or acetylcholine (ACh) using isolated guinea pig ileum. Dai-kenchu-to (10-300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit in a dose-dependent manner. Using a concentration with the compounded rate for Dai-kenchu-to 300 mg/kg, carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit was also significantly improved with a single dose of dried ginger root or ginseng. At a concentration of 3 x 10(-5) g/ml or less, Dai-kenchu-to, dried ginger root, and ginseng all inhibited ESC but not KCl- or ACh-induced contractions. However, at a higher concentration of Dai-kenchu-to (10(-4) g/ml) or zanthoxylum fruit (10(-5) g/ml or more) the ESC were enhanced. Both Dai-kenchu-to and dried ginger root at 10(-3) g/ml remarkably inhibited the KCl-induced contractions. These results indicate that Dai-kenchu-to improves accelerated small intestinal movement and that dried ginger root and ginseng may be involved in this effect. It is also thought that the mechanisms mainly involve the direct inhibition of smooth muscle but with a contribution from neural inhibition.
Influence of Valproate Monotherapy on Platelet Activation and Hematologic Values (1999)

Summary: Purpose: Valproate (VPA) has been linked to coagulation disturbances, with both impaired and exaggerated clotting, which has been attributed to an effect of VPA on platelets or hemostatic proteins. Additional thrombocytic function testing may help to identify patients at risk of increased bleeding caused by platelet dysfunction. Methods: We evaluated the influence of VPA on hematologic routine values and platelet activation by using immunostaining and flow cytometry in 30 patients receiving long‐term VPA therapy and in 30 controls. Results: The fraction of activated platelets was similar in both groups; however, the general extent of platelet activation was significantly lower in the patient group, with considerable interindividual variability. In addition, patients had a significantly lower platelet count, prolonged thrombin time, and higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Conclusions: Our data confirm the previously reported hematologic changes caused by VPA and additionally suggest that VPA impairs procoagulatory thrombocytic function, which is reflected by reduced platelet activation and increased thrombin time. Possible mechanisms of VPA‐platelet interaction are discussed.