gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast estimation of BER in PAR-limited DMT systems using noise injection method (2003)

A high peak-to-average power ratio is a major problem that is inherent in all multicarrier communication systems. Clipping the high-peak power samples introduces (extra) clipping noise, which degrades the system performance in terms of bit-error rate (BER). Measuring the BER usually requires a very long simulation time, as clipping occurs very rarely. We propose a method called clipping noise injection, which allows BER estimation (due to clipping) in discrete multitone-based systems in a fast and quite precise way. Savings of as great as 90% or more are observed in some simulations that are reported. Higher savings are expected when lower BER cases have to be studied.
A note on the optimality of frequency analysis vs. ℓp-optimization (2015)

Naveed, Kamara, and Wright's recent paper "Inference Attacks on Property-Preserving Encrypted Databases" (ACM-CCS 2015) evaluated four attacks on encrypted databases, such as those based on the design of CryptDB (Popa et al., SOSP 2011). Two of these attacks---frequency analysis and l_p-optimization---apply to deterministically encrypted columns when there is a publicly-available auxiliary data set that is "well-correlated" with the ciphertext column. In their experiments, frequency analysis performed at least as well as l_p-optimization for p=1, 2, and 3. We use maximum likelihood estimation to confirm their intuition and show that frequency analysis is an optimal cryptanalytic technique in this scenario.<strong>A note on the optimality of frequency analysis vs. ℓpℓp-optimization</strong>
Virtual-flux-based direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifiers (2001)

In this paper, direct power control (DPC) of three-phase pulsewidth-modulated rectifiers without line voltage sensors is presented. The new system is based on virtual flux (VF) estimation. Theoretical principles of this method are discussed. The steady-state and dynamic behavior of VF-DPC are presented that illustrate the operation and performance of the proposed system compared to a conventional DPC method. Both strategies are also investigated under unbalance and predistorted grid. It is shown that the VF-DPC exhibits several advantages, particularly providing sinusoidal line current when the supply voltage is not ideal. Test results show the excellent performance of the proposed system.
Efficient Construction of the Carbon Skeleton of the Novel Polyoxazole-Based Cyclopeptide IB-01211 via a Biomimetic Macrocyclisation (2010)

An efficient construction of the entire carbon skeleton of the novel polyoxazole-based natural product IB-01211 was developed which featured a biomimetic macrocyclisation of an ω-amino acid tethered through two bisoxazole units as the key step.
AI analysis patterns as UML meta-model constructs (2002)

In this article, we investigate the use of the OO computational paradigm for the formulation of knowledge model patterns as OO analysis patterns. We seek to take advantage of research on design pattern specification, aimed at modelling patterns by means of structural and behavioural "meta-level" constraints, introducing appropriate modifications into the UML. We illustrate our argument with the formulation of an OO "assessment pattern" in analogy to the well known "assessment task template".
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth Response to Soil Amendment with Composted Grape Pomace or Its Water Extract (2001)

Composted materials with high humic and microbial content, and their water extracts, are increasingly used in the nursery industry as potting mix components or as liquid amendments for the purposes of enhancing plant growth. Common speculation is that such materials either contain beneficial microbes or stimulate those in or added to the medium, such as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, known to have growth-stimulating effects on plants. Experiments were conducted to determine if one such compost enhanced plant growth by stimulating VAM fungi or other growth-enhancing microbes, by simply providing limiting nutrients [phosphorus (P)], or a combination of the two. Highly mycorrhiza-responsive onion ( Allium cepa ) `White Lisbon' was used to evaluate the interactions of composted grape pomace (CGP), the VAM fungus Glomus intraradices , and preplant soil heat treatment on onion growth under P-limiting conditions. CGP and its water extract stimulated onion growth under P-limiting conditions in the absence of VAM; the extract was more effective than the granular CGP. Growth was enhanced further by addition of G. intraradices , and the extract enhanced its colonization of roots. Heat pretreatment of the soil inconsistently affected growth-enhancement by CGP or its extract. Thus, inoculating plant roots with mycorrhizal fungi in combination with this composted organic amendment or its extract was beneficial. The effect could have been due to the CGP providing a source of P to overcome the P-limiting conditions, and to the mycorrhizal fungus enhancing P uptake by its extraradical hyphae and thereby increasing nutrient-use efficiency.
User-Interface Concepts for Sound Personalization in Headphones (2016)

Sound personalization is very beneficial, especially for users with impaired hearing. However, classical fitting strategies for hearing instruments involving extensive audiological measurements and fine tuning by trained experts are not applicable for consumer devices such as headphones. This study therefore investigates different user-interface designs enabling users to self-adjust an effective hearing-support algorithm to their individual needs. The large number of parameters of nonlinear and frequency-dependent processing requires a significant reduction of the degrees of freedom, which in this study is achieved by a systematical development of presets covering a large range of typical frequency-dependent hearing threshold elevations. Experimental validations with hearing-impaired listeners are conducted to assess fitting duration, reproducibility, sound preference, and usability. The results show that a fast and reliable self-fitting is possible when interfaces are used which enable the user to modify algorithmic parameters in real-time in an intuitive and easy way. Despite having very similar kinds of hearing loss, the listeners differ widely in their preferred parameter selection, indicating that self-adjusted sound personalization has a large potential for increasing user satisfaction.
Hierarchical Assembly of Collagen Peptide Triple Helices into Curved Disks and Metal Ion-Promoted Hollow Spheres (2013)

A 27 amino acid collagen-based peptide (Hbyp3) was designed to radially display nine hydrophobic bipyridine moieties from a triple helical scaffold. Self-assembly of such functionalized triple helices led to the formation of micrometer-scaled disks with a curved morphology, presumably mediated by aromatic interactions, with a height that is in the range of the length of the triple helical peptide. Higher order assembly of these curved disks into micrometer-sized hollow spheres was accomplished through metal-ligand interactions between bipyridine groups of the disks and metal ions such as Fe(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II). The thickness of the shell of these hollow spheres corresponds well with the thickness of the collagen peptide-based triple helix and the corresponding self-assembled disks. Addition of a metal ion chelator was found to reverse the assembly of the hollow spheres back to the curved disk structures. These data support the formation of the hollow spheres from the self-assembled disks of Hbyp3 upon addition of metal ions.
Experimental studies in animals on the use of a fibrin glue from the human plasma fraction Cohn I in nerve reconstruction. (1988)

In order to compare the effects of suture and glue direct nerve connections and nerve transplantations in the sciatic nerve in rats were performed. 4, 6 and 12 weeks later, the nerve anastomosis were histologically studied. In the direct nerve connections, despite a single holding suture, dehiscences were frequently detected with the penetration of the adhesive between the nerve ends. Due to the exact adaptation with the aid of inserted nerve grafts, the anastomoses could be repaired sutureless successfully using a fibrin glue cuff. Since histologically, in comparison to suture, no foreign body granulomas were found, the findings in the literature could be confirmed. No cicatricial contractions of the anastomoses could be found. In the interfascicular nerve transplantation, comparatively good results may be obtained using the two-component adhesive on the Cohn I-fraction basis.
Cloning and characterization of bifunctional enzyme farnesyl diphosphate/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Plasmodium falciparum (2013)

The rPfFPPS is a bifunctional FPPS/GGPPS enzyme and the structure of products FOH and GGOH were confirmed mass spectrometry. Plasmodial FPPS represents a potential target for the rational design of chemotherapeutic agents to treat malaria.
Protamine--antagonist to heparin. (1973)

Protamine is used for titration of heparin in vitro for diagnosis of hemorrhagic states and for neutralization of heparin in vivo to terminate heparinization. The protamine equivalent varies with the heparin preparation, conditions of testing and, in vivo, with the amount of heparin present in the circulation. The latter depends on time after administration and the hemodynamic and metabolic state of the patient. Protamine, when injected rapidly, will release histamine and agglutinate platelets. Bleeding (spontaneous hemorrhage) demonstrates a multiple breakdown of hemostatic mechanisms due to surgical stress, drugs, exposure of the blood to foreign surfaces, etc. Simple rules for the amount of protamine required for an individual patient based on clinical judgement will be satisfactory in most cases. When hemostasis is not achieved, it must be appreciated that heparin and protamine are only part of a complex deteriorating situation.
Vorinostat-Like Molecules as Structural, Stereochemical, and Pharmacological Tools (2010)

The inhibitory activity of an ω-alkoxy analogue of the HDAC inhibitor, Vorinostat (SAHA), against the 11 isoforms of HDAC is described and evaluated with regard to structural biology information retrieved through computational methods. Preliminary absorption and metabolism studies were performed, which positioned this compound as a potential candidate for further preclinical studies and delineated measures for improving its pharmacokinetic profile.
Pathway Commons, a web resource for biological pathway data (2010)

Pathway Commons (http://www.pathwaycommons.org) is a collection of publicly available pathway data from multiple organisms. Pathway Commons provides a web-based interface that enables biologists to browse and search a comprehensive collection of pathways from multiple sources represented in a common language, a download site that provides integrated bulk sets of pathway information in standard or convenient formats and a web service that software developers can use to conveniently query and access all data. Database providers can share their pathway data via a common repository. Pathways include biochemical reactions, complex assembly, transport and catalysis events and physical interactions involving proteins, DNA, RNA, small molecules and complexes. Pathway Commons aims to collect and integrate all public pathway data available in standard formats. Pathway Commons currently contains data from nine databases with over 1400 pathways and 687,000 interactions and will be continually expanded and updated.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Oxidations; 4.<sup>1</sup>Improved Method for the Oxidation of 1- and 2-Naphthols to 1,2-Napthoquinones (1990)

A specific oxidation of 1- and 2-naphthols to the corresponding 1,2-naphthoquinones can be achieved by slow addition of the preformed complex of the naphthols with titanium tetraisopropylate with a syringe pump to excess tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). A previously described method gave mainly coupling products from the Michael reaction.
Three Acetogenins from the Brown Alba Caulocystis cephalornithos (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree Acetogenins from the Brown Alba Caulocystis cephalornithosVincenzo Amico, Daniela Biondi, Francesca Cunsolo, and Giuseppe RubertoCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1990, 53, 5, 1379–1382Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50071a043https://doi.org/10.1021/np50071a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passive and active thermal nondestructive imaging of materials (2004)

Thermal non-destructive approaches, passive and active, are widely used due to the outstanding advantages that offer in a number of applications and particularly for the assessment of materials and structures. In this work, different applications, employing either MWIR or LWIR thermographic testing, as well as passive and/or active approaches, depending on the application, concerning the assessment of various materials are presented. In a few instances, thermal modelling is also discussed and compared with the outcome of experimental testing. The following applications are reviewed: • Emissivity measurements. • Moisture impact assessment in porous materials. • Evaluation of conservation interventions, concerning: - Consolidation interventions on porous stone. - Cleaning of architectural surfaces. • Assessment of airport pavements. • Investigation of repaired aircraft panels. • Through skin sensing assessment on aircraft composite structures. Real time monitoring of all features was obtained using passive imaging or transient thermographic analysis (active imaging). However, in the composite repairs and through skin imaging cases thermal modelling was also used with the intention of providing supplementary results, as well as to demonstrate the importance of thermal contact resistance between two surfaces (skin and strut in through skin sensing). Finally, in order to obtain useful information from the surveys, various properties (thermal, optical, physical) of the examined materials were taken into account.
Synthesis of water-soluble poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]s by living anionic polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether methacrylates (2011)

Anionic polymerizations of 2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (V2), 2-[2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl methacrylate (V3), and 2-[2-(2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl methacrylate (V4) were carried out with either 1,1-diphenyl-3-methylpentyllithium/lithium chloride or diphenylmethylpotassium/diethylzinc in THF at −78 °C for 2–20 h. All the anionic polymerizations of V2–V4 chemoselectively proceeded on the methacryloyl groups, while the vinyloxyl groups in the side chains were intact during the polymerization. The resulting polymers possessed the predicted molecular weights based on the molar ratios between monomers and initiators and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.1). The vinyloxyl groups in the side chain terminals of anionically obtained poly(V2–V4) were quantitatively hydrolyzed with aqueous HCl in THF to afford a series of well-defined poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]s, poly(OH2–OH4), possessing OH groups in the side chains. The hydrolyzed poly(OH2–OH4) showed water solubility, while the poly(V2–V4) having vinyloxyl protecting groups in the side chains were insoluble in water. On the other hand, cationic polymerization of V2 exclusively occurred on a vinyloxyl group with 1-isobutoxyethyl acetate in toluene at 25 °C in the presence of ethylaluminium dichloride and THF to give a polymer of controlled Mn and relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.2).
Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> in a Rural New Jersey County (1998)

To assess the potential risk for other tick-borne diseases, we collected 100 adult Ixodes scapularis in Hunterdon County, a rapidly developing rural county in Lyme disease endemic western New Jersey. We tested the ticks by polymerase chain reaction for Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and the rickettsial agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Fifty-five ticks were infected with at least one of the three pathogens: 43 with B. burgdorferi, five with B. microti, and 17 with the HGE agent. Ten ticks were coinfected with two of the pathogens. The results suggest that county residents are at considerable risk for infection by a tick-borne pathogen after an I. scapularis bite.
Real-time holographic video images with commodity PC hardware (2005)

The MIT second-generation holographic video system is a real-time electro-holographic display. The system produces a single-color horizontal parallax only (HPO) holographic image. To reconstruct a three-dimensional image, Holovideo uses a computed fringe pattern with an effective resolution of 256K samples wide by 144 lines high by 8 bits per sample. In this paper we first describe the implementation of a new computational subsystem for Holovideo, replacing custom computing hardware with commodity PC graphics chips, and using OpenGL. We also report the implementation of stereogram computing techniques that employ the PC hardware acceleration to generate and update holographic images at rates of up to two frames per second. These innovations shrink Holovideo’s physical footprint to fit on the table-top and mark the fastest rate at which full computation and update have been achieved on this system to date. Finally we present first results of implementing the Reconfigurable Image Plane (RIP) method of computing high-quality holograms on this new system.
Recent Trends in Alzheimer Disease Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2004 (2009)

We have analyzed US Alzheimer disease (AD) mortality rates from 1999 to 2004, after 10th International Classification of Disease (ICD) revision coding made AD death certificate reporting more accurate. Age-standardized rates were calculated by year, age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, marital status, and geography. AD mortality increased 31% from 1999 to 2004. AD rates were higher in the northwest and the southeast. Stroke mortality shows a similar pattern; the correlation in state rates between stroke and AD is 0.79. Female AD mortality was 28% higher than male mortality. Whites had 56% higher rates than non-whites, and non-Hispanics had a 72% higher rate than Hispanics. Both less education and single marital status were associated with higher rates. The correlation between state rates for stroke and AD mortality could be due to artifacts of coding, or a true relationship, given that stroke is a risk factor for subsequent AD. Although AD mortality in the United States has been increasing over time it is not known whether incidence is increasing, due to lack of recent incidence data. AD reporting on death certificates is known to be poor. This is the first analysis of recent trends in AD mortality since the advent of ICD-10.
Coordinated Lipid Transfer between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Complex Requires the VAP Proteins and Is Essential for Golgi-mediated Transport (2008)

Lipid transport between intracellular organelles is mediated by vesicular and nonvesicular transport mechanisms and is critical for maintaining the identities of different cellular membranes. Nonvesicular lipid transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex has been proposed to affect the lipid composition of the Golgi membranes. Here, we show that the integral ER-membrane proteins VAP-A and VAP-B affect the structural and functional integrity of the Golgi complex. Depletion of VAPs by RNA interference reduces the levels of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), diacylglycerol, and sphingomyelin in the Golgi membranes, and it leads to substantial inhibition of Golgi-mediated transport events. These effects are coordinately mediated by the lipid-transfer/binding proteins Nir2, oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), and ceramide-transfer protein (CERT), which interact with VAPs via their FFAT motif. The effect of VAPs on PI4P levels is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein Nir2, which is required for Golgi targeting of OSBP and CERT and the subsequent production of diacylglycerol and sphingomyelin. We propose that Nir2, OSBP, and CERT function coordinately at the ER-Golgi membrane contact sites, thereby affecting the lipid composition of the Golgi membranes and consequently their structural and functional identities.
Opioids in Headache (2013)

Opioid analgesics have long been used to treat head pain of various types. This has been increasing to a significant degree over the past 25 years because of a trend for more liberal use of opioids in non-malignant pain. Opioid treatment for acute headache, as well as prophylactically for refractory chronic headache, is controversial. There are a number of adverse effects associated with acute and chronic opioid treatment. Tolerance, dependence, and addiction are prominent issues. This article attempts to analyze the benefits and disadvantages for opioids in the management of migraine and other headache disorders, relying on known properties of this class of medication as well as clinical data. It will mainly focus on 2 topics: the use of opioid medication for the acute treatment of migraine attacks and continuous prophylactic use for refractory chronic migraine.
Location-based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks (2006)

Node compromise is a serious threat to wireless sensor networks deployed in unattended and hostile environments. To mitigate the impact of compromised nodes, we propose a suite of location-based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms. Based on a new cryptographic concept called pairing, we propose the notion of location-based keys (LBKs) by binding private keys of individual nodes to both their IDs and geographic locations. We then develop an LBK-based neighborhood authentication scheme to localize the impact of compromised nodes to their vicinity. We also present efficient approaches to establish a shared key between any two network nodes. In contrast to previous key establishment solutions, our approaches feature nearly perfect resilience to node compromise, low communication and computation overhead, low memory requirements, and high network scalability. Moreover, we demonstrate the efficacy of LBKs in counteracting several notorious attacks against sensor networks such as the Sybil attack, the identity replication attack, and wormhole and sinkhole attacks. Finally, we propose a location-based threshold-endorsement scheme, called LTE, to thwart the infamous bogus data injection attack, in which adversaries inject lots of bogus data into the network. The utility of LTE in achieving remarkable energy savings is validated by detailed performance evaluation.