gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human herpesviruses in the cornea (2000)

PCR and IHC are both sensitive for the detection of HSV-1 in the cornea. A combination of PCR and IHC increases the specificity for the diagnosis of HSK to 97%. HSV-1 appears to be slowly removed from the cornea. VZV and HSV-1 may co-infect the cornea.
CRYSTALLINE BACTERIAL PROTEINASE (1958)

Journal Article CRYSTALLINE BACTERIAL PROTEINASE: III. COMPARISON OF CRYSTALLINE PROTEINASE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS WITH CRYSTALLINE TRYPSIN Get access BUNJI HAGIHARA, BUNJI HAGIHARA Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASASHI NAKAI, MASASHI NAKAI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HIROSHI MATSUBARA, HIROSHI MATSUBARA Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TOSHIAKI KOMAKI, TOSHIAKI KOMAKI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TAKASHI YONETANI, TAKASHI YONETANI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAZUO OKUNUKI KAZUO OKUNUKI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 45, Issue 5, May 1958, Pages 305–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126870 Published: 01 May 1958 Article history Received: 02 October 1957 Published: 01 May 1958
Coupling Ferroelectricity with Spin-Valley Physics in Oxide-Based Heterostructures (2015)

The coupling of spin and valley physics is nowadays regarded as a promising route toward next-generation spintronic and valleytronic devices. In the aim of engineering functional properties for valleytronic applications, we focus on the ferroelectric heterostructure BiAlO3/BiIrO3, where the complex interplay among a trigonal crystal field, layer degrees of freedom, and spin-orbit coupling mediates a strong spin-valley coupling. Furthermore, we show that ferroelectricity provides a nonvolatile handle to manipulate and switch the emerging valley-contrasting spin polarization.
Gi2 mediates alpha 2-adrenergic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in platelet membranes: in situ identification with G alpha C-terminal antibodies. (1989)

A panel of antibodies to synthetic decapeptides corresponding to the C termini of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein) alpha subunits has been generated in rabbits. The specificity of each antibody was assessed by ELISA for peptide binding and by immunoblotting for binding to defined, recombinant G alpha subunits expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunoblotting of human platelet membranes with these antibodies identified a variety of endogenous G proteins including Gs (stimulatory), Gi2 (inhibitory), Gi3, and Gx(z) (unknown function). Pretreatment of platelet membranes with C-terminal antibodies reactive with Gi2, but not with antibodies to Gi3 or Gx(z), blocked alpha 2-adrenergic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This identifies Gi2 as the dominant mediator of cyclase inhibition in this pathway. This approach may provide a general means of identifying relevant functional interactions of G proteins with receptors and effectors in situ.
Nasal Inoculation of the Commensal Neisseria lactamica Inhibits Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis by Young Adults: A Controlled Human Infection Study (2015)

NCT02249598.
Visualization, imaging and new preclinical diagnostics in radiation oncology (2014)

Innovative strategies in cancer radiotherapy are stimulated by the growing knowledge on cellular and molecular tumor biology, tumor pathophysiology, and tumor microenvironment. In terms of tumor diagnostics and therapy monitoring, the reliable delineation of tumor boundaries and the assessment of tumor heterogeneity are increasingly complemented by the non-invasive characterization of functional and molecular processes, moving preclinical and clinical imaging from solely assessing tumor morphology towards the visualization of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Functional and molecular imaging techniques allow for the non-invasive characterization of tissues in vivo, using different modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI). With novel therapeutic concepts combining optimized radiotherapy with molecularly targeted agents focusing on tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell death, the non-invasive assessment of tumor microcirculation and tissue water diffusion, together with strategies for imaging the mechanisms of cellular injury and repair is of particular interest. Characterizing the tumor microenvironment prior to and in response to irradiation will help to optimize the outcome of radiotherapy. These novel concepts of personalized multi-modal cancer therapy require careful pre-treatment stratification as well as a timely and efficient therapy monitoring to maximize patient benefit on an individual basis. Functional and molecular imaging techniques are key in this regard to open novel opportunities for exploring and understanding the underlying mechanisms with the perspective to optimize therapeutic concepts and translate them into a personalized form of radiotherapy in the near future.
Enhancement of Hepatocarcinogenesis by Kojic Acid in Rat Two-Stage Models after Initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine or N-diethylnitrosamine (2004)

Kojic acid (KA) has been used as a food additive for preventing enzymatic browning of crustaceans and as a cosmetic agent for skin whitening. In the present experiments, effects of KA on the induction of hepatic pre-neoplastic lesions in N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine-initiated (experiment 1) and non-initiated (experiment 2) models, and its promoting influence in a medium-term liver bioassay (experiment 3) were investigated at dietary doses of up to 2% in male F344 rats. In experiment 1, 2% KA feeding induced significant increases in numbers (22.3 +/- 13.0 vs 8.5 +/- 3.4 in the 0%) and areas (0.37 +/- 0.29 vs 0.05 +/- 0.03 in the 0%) of glutathione-S-transferase P form (GST-P)-positive foci and toxic changes such as vacuolation of hepatocytes and microgranulomas. The development of GST-P-positive foci was pronounced in the animals with hepatocellular toxic changes. In experiment 2, numbers (0.65 +/- 0.57 vs 0.17 +/- 0.28 in the 0%) and areas (0.005 +/- 0.005 vs 0.0007 +/- 0.0012 in the 0%) of GST-P-positive foci and hepatocellular proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression (3.8 +/- 2.3 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7 in the 0%) were significantly increased by the 2% treatment. The PCNA-positive hepatocytes were abundantly localized around the vacuolated and granulomatous legions in both experiments 1 and 2. In experiment 3, significant increases in numbers (16.9 +/- 3.2 vs 8.4 +/- 2.7 in the 0%) and areas (1.62 +/- 0.39 vs 0.77 +/- 0.34 in the 0%) of GST-P-positive foci were again observed with 2% KA. These results demonstrate tumor-promoting and possible hepatocarcinogenic activity of KA at 2%, but the carcinogenic potential is likely to be weak. This study also indicated that enhanced replication of hepatocytes related to toxic changes might be involved as an underlying mechanism.
A theory of aspects as latent topics (2008)

After more than 10 years, Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is still a controversial idea. While the concept of aspects appeals to everyone's intuitions, concrete AOP solutions often fail to convince researchers and practitioners alike. This discrepancy results in part from a lack of an adequate theory of aspects, which in turn leads to the development of AOP solutions that are useful in limited situations. We propose a new theory of aspects that can be summarized as follows: concerns are latent topics that can be automatically extracted using statistical topic modeling techniques adapted to software. Software scattering and tangling can be measured precisely by the entropies of the underlying topic-over-files and files-over-topics distributions. Aspects are latent topics with high scattering entropy. The theory is validated empirically on both the large scale, with a study of 4,632 Java projects, and the small scale, with a study of 5 individual projects. From these analyses, we identify two dozen topics that emerge as general-purpose aspects across multiple projects, as well as project-specific topics/concerns. The approach is also shown to produce results that are compatible with previous methods for identifying aspects, and also extends them. Our work provides not only a concrete approach for identifying aspects at several scales in an unsupervised manner but, more importantly, a formulation of AOP grounded in information theory. The understanding of aspects under this new perspective makes additional progress toward the design of models and tools that facilitate software development.
Meningoradiculoneuritis due to acyclovir‐resistant varicella zoster virus in an acquired immune deficiency syndrome patient (1994)

Abstract Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is recognized as one of the major viral pathogens reactivated in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report the case of meningora‐diculoneuritis in an AIDS patient, associated with the isolation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a thymidine kinase (TK)‐deficient, acyclovir (ACV)‐resistant strain of VZV. Although the virus was sensitive in vitro to phosphonoformate (PFA), the patient did not improve during PFA therapy and finally died. Several VZV strains isolated from this patient (including two isolates from the patient's CSF) were analyzed for their TK activity and subsequently the viral TK gene was sequenced showing a major deletion leading to a truncated protein. Their susceptibility to several antiviral agents including ACV, PFA, (E)‐5‐(2‐bro‐movinyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BVDU), 9‐β‐D‐ara‐binofuranosyladenine (vidarabine), (S)‐1‐(3‐hy‐droxy ‐ 2 ‐ phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine (HPMPC), and (S)‐9‐(3‐hydroxy‐2‐phosphonyl‐methoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA) was evaluated. All the virus strains isolated from this patient remained sensitive to HPMPA and HPMPC, pointing to the potential usefulness of these acyclic nucleoside phosphonates for the treatment of ACV‐resistant VZV infections in immunocom‐promised patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emerging Role of Epigenetics in the Actions of Alcohol (2008)

This review deals with the recent developments on the epigenetic effects of ethanol. A large body of data have come from studies in liver and in neuronal systems and involve post-translational modifications in histones and methylations in DNA. Ethanol causes site selective acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation in histone. With respect to methylations the methyl group donating system involving S-adenosyl methionine appears to play a central role. There is contrasting effect of acetylation versus methylation on the same site of histone, as it relates to the transcriptional activation. Epigenetic memory also appears to correlate with liver pathology and Mallory body formation. Experimental evidence supports transcriptional regulation of genes in the CNS by DNA methylations. These studies are contributing towards a better understanding of a novel epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the context of alcohol. The critical steps and the enzymes (e.g., histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, DNA methyltransferase) responsible for the epigenetic modifications are prime targets for intense investigation. The emerging data are also beginning to offer novel insight towards defining the molecular actions of ethanol and may contribute to potential therapeutic targets at the nucleosomal level. These epigenetic studies have opened up a new avenue of investigation in the alcohol field.
Isolation and Characteristics of Flavodoxin from Nitrogen-fixing Clostridium pasteurianum (1966)

The purification, crystallization, and biological activity of flavodoxin is reported. It is a new electron transport protein and has been isolated from extracts of cells of Clostridium pasteurianum grown on nitrogen gas or ammonia and in an iron-deficient medium. Flavodoxin forms yellow crystals from ammonium sulfate solution, has a molecular weight of 14,600, absorption maxima of the oxidized form at 272, 372, 443 mµ with a shoulder at 472 mµ, and contains no iron, molybdenum, cobalt, or labile sulfur. In equimolar amounts, it will substitute for ferredoxin in the metabolism of hydrogen and pyruvate and in the fixation of nitrogen by extracts of C. pasteurianum with an effectiveness of 70, 40, and 30%, respectively. It is suggested that flavodoxin replaces ferredoxin as an electron carrier in cells of C. pasteurianum grown in an iron-deficient medium since these cells contain less than 5% of the ferredoxin found in cells grown in an iron-sufficient medium.
Antigenic Selection of IgG Precursor Subpopulations (1975)

The temporal increase in the antigen-binding characteristic of the IgG antibody synthesized after primary immunization is thought to result from antigen preferentially selecting those precursors of the antibody-forming cells with higher affinity receptors. We have investigated this regulatory role of antigen on the selection and expression of IgG precursor subpopulations in rabbit lymph node populations undergoing the secondary anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) response in vitro. The data indicate that although immunologic memory increased between 1 and 4 months after immunization there was not an increase in antigen sensitivity. We also determined the avidity of the IgG antibody secreted by PFC elicited in the cell cultures. Although the avidity of antibody secreted by PFC elicited with low concentrations of antigen was 2-fold greater than when high concentrations of antigen were employed, analyses of the avidity subpopulations of IgG PFC revealed that memory potential was not restricted to high affinity-primed cells. Moreover, populations of PFC that gave differing avidity values were similar in terms of their plaque diameters and IgG secretion rates.
Transparent data-memory organizations for digital signal processors (2001)

Today's digital signal processors (DSPs), unlike general-purpose processors, use a non-uniform addressing model in which the primary components of the memory system-the DRAM and dual tagless SRAMs-are referenced through completely separate segments of the address space. The recent trend of programming DSPs in high-level languages instead of assembly code has exposed this memory model as a potential weakness, as the model makes for a poor compiler target. In many of today's high-performance DSPs this non-uniform model is being replaced by a uniform model-a transparent organization like that of most general-purpose systems, in which all memory structures share the same address space as the DRAM systemIn such a memory organization, one must replace the DSP's tagless SRAMs with something resembling a general-purpose cache. This study investigates the performance of a range of traditional and slightly non-traditional cache organizations for a high-performance DSP, the Texas Instruments 'C6000 VLIW DSP. The traditional cache organizations range from a fraction of a kilobyte to several kilobytes; they approach the SRAM performance and, for some benchmarks, beat it. In the non-traditional cache organizations, rather than simply adding tags to the large on-chip SRAM structure, we take advantage of the relatively regular memory access behavior of most DSP applications and replace the tagless SRAM with a near-traditional cache that uses a very small number of wide blocks. This performs similarly to the traditional caches but uses less storage. In general, we find that one can achieve nearly the same performance as a tagless SRAM while using a much smaller footprint.
Experimental evaluation of depth-dependent lateral standard deviation for various ions in a-Si from one-dimensional tilted implantation profiles (1999)

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the lateral standard deviation for various ions implanted in amorphous silicon (a-Si) with a simple extraction method using no complicated structures. First, we derive a model for the tilted implantation profile as a function of both tilt angle and lateral standard deviation, assuming a Gaussian lateral distribution function. This model is based on the assumption that two-dimensional (2-D) ion implantation profiles can be constructed from lateral and vertical distribution functions which are independent of each other, and it enables us to extract lateral standard deviation by only evaluating one-dimensional (1-D) (vertical) impurity profiles. Next, we systematically measure the ion implantation depth profiles at various tilts (0-60/spl deg/) with high resolution using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and apply our proposed model for arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), antimony (Sb), and boron (B) ion implantations in a-Si over a wide energy range (20-160 keV) with a fixed dose of 1/spl times/10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/. We successfully estimated not only average lateral standard deviation but also its depth dependence. Despite the simplicity of the model, the extracted depth-dependent lateral standard deviation shows good agreement over a wide energy range with the reported data calculated by theory or simulations. It is also shown that the lateral standard deviation has a linear depth dependence, and the lateral spread increases with the increase of depth for As, P, and Sb; on the other hand, it decreases for B, which reflects the difference of atomic mass between the incident ions and the target atoms.
Ionic and Chain Interdiffusion and Interfacial Strength Development in Ionomers of Poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-methacrylic acid) (1996)

Diffusion coefficients of sodium and zinc ions have been measured in bilayers of commercial, partially neutralized poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). The diffusion behavior shows a break at the melting temperature of the resin, suggesting that chain backbone motion is intimately related to ionic transport. The ionic diffusion coefficients are orders of magnitude greater than those of the chain backbone, which suggests that metal ion pairs are transported along the contour of the polymer network via exchange with protons of neighboring acid groups. Interfacial strength development in welded films of ionomers is primarily determined by the melting behavior of the bulk resin. Ionic diffusion rates do not correlate with the strength development behavior. This observation, along with melting and chain center of mass diffusion information, suggests that strength development is dependent on chain interdiffusion like that of many other thermoplastics.
<b> <i>BRAF</i> </b> Mutation Is Frequently Present in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer with Methylated hMLH1, But Not in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (2004)

BRAF mutations are frequently present in sporadic colorectal cancer with methylated hMLH1, but not in HNPCC-related cancers. This discrepancy of BRAF mutations between sporadic MSI+ cancer and HNPCC might be used in a strategy for the detection of HNPCC families.
Cryo-Tracker® Mass Gauging System Testing in a Launch Vehicle Simulation (2006)

Sierra Lobo successfully tested its patented Cryo‐Tracker® probe and mass gauging system in an Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) liquid oxygen tank simulation for NASA’s Launch Service Providers Directorate. The effort involved collaboration between Sierra Lobo, NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and Lockheed Martin personnel. Testing simulated filling and expulsion operations of Lockheed Martin’s Atlas V liquid oxygen (LOX) tank and characterized the 10.06 m (33‐ft) Cryo‐Tracker’s performance.Sierra Lobo designed a 9.14 m (30‐ft) tall liquid nitrogen test tank to simulate the Atlas V LOX tank flow conditions and validate Cryo‐Tracker® data via other sensors and visualization. This test package was fabricated at Sierra Lobo’s Cryogenics Testbed at NASA KSC.All test objectives were met or exceeded. Key accomplishments include: fabrication of the longest Cryo‐Tracker® probe to date; installation technique proven with only two attachment points at top and bottom of tank; probe survived a harsh environment with no loss of signal or structural integrity; probe successfully measured liquid levels and temperatures under all conditions and successfully demonstrated its feasibility as an engine cut‐off signal.
Exploring the <i>Mycoplasma capricolum</i> genome: a minimal cell reveals its physiology (1995)

We report on the analysis of 214kb of the parasitic eubacterium Mycoplasma capricolum sequenced by genomic walking techniques. The 287 putative proteins detected to date represent about half of the estimated total number of 500 predicted for this organism. A large fraction of these (75%) can be assigned a likely function as a result of similarity searches. Several important features of the functional organization of this small genome are already apparent. Among these are (i) the expected relatively large number of enzymes involved in metabolic transport and activation, for efficient use of host cell nutrients; (ii) the presence of anabolic enzymes; (iii) the unexpected diversity of enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair; and (iv) a sizeable number of orthologues (82 so far) in Escherichia coli. This survey is beginning to provide a detailed view of how M. capricolum manages to maintain essential cellular processes with a genome much smaller than that of its bacterial relatives.
Studies of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Action Using nRH Receptor-Expressing Pituitary Cell Lines* (1997)

I. Introduction II. GnRHR Structure Analysis III. Studies of GnRH Action in αT3-1 Cells A. Derivation of αT3-1 cells B. Characterization of αT3-1 cells C. GnRH binding D. GnRHR regulation 1. Homologous regulation by GnRH 2. Regulation by gonadal steroid hormones 3. Regulation by gonadal peptides 4. Regulation by second messenger activators E. Intracellular second messengers 1. G protein coupling 2. Inositol phosphates 3. Intracellular calcium 4. Protein kinase C 5. cAMP 6. Mitogen-activated protein kinases F. α-Subunit gene expression 1. Cell-specific expression 2. GnRH-stimulated expression G. Desensitization H. Summary of GnRH action in αT3-1 cells IV. Studies of GnRH Action in GH3 Cells Transfected with the GnRH Receptor (GGH3 Cells) A. Derivation of GH3 cells B. Characterization of GH3 cells C. Derivation of GH3 cells transfected with the GnRHR (GGH3 cells) D. GnRH binding E. GnRHR regulation F. Intracellular second messengers 1. G protein coupling 2. Inositol phosphates 3. cAMP G. Regulation of secre...
A High-Speed Inductive-Coupling Link With Burst Transmission (2009)

A high-speed inductive-coupling link is presented. It communicates at a data rate of 11 Gb/s for a communication distance of 15 mum in 180 nm CMOS. The data rate is 11times higher than previous inductive-coupling links. The communication distance is 5times longer than a capacitive-coupling link for the same data rate, bit error rate, and layout area. Burst transmission utilizing the high-speed inductive-coupling link is also presented. Multi-bit data links are multiplexed into a single burst data link. It reduces layout area by a factor of three in 180 nm CMOS and a factor of nine in 90 nm CMOS.