gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathepsin L Deficiency Reduces Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Knockout Mice (2007)

Cat L directly participates in atherosclerosis by degrading elastin and collagen and regulates blood-borne leukocyte transmigration and lesion progression.
Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Biology of Emotion (1988)

There is clear evidence that parents can and do influence children. There is equally clear evidence that children’s genetic makeup affects their own behavioral characteristics, and also influences the way they are treated by their parents. Twin and ...Read More
A New Resistance-to-Frequency Converter for Temperature Measurements in Calorimeters (1975)

A circuit is described for the measurement of the temperature difference between input and output heat exchangers by means of resistance thermometers. Two thermometer resistors form part of a resistance-to-frequency converter, the frequency being proportional to their difference in resistance value. The frequency is also dependent on a few additional resistors and a capacitor. Drifts and offsets of amplifiers are eliminated to a first order. No stabilized voltages are used. The circuit was developed as part of a simple and reliable calorimeter for domestic uses.
Large haptic topographic maps (2003)

In this paper we develop an interactive 3D browser for large topographic maps using a visual display augmented by a haptic, or force feedback, display. The extreme size of our data files (over 100 million triangles) requires us to develop the "proxy graph algorithm", a new haptic contact model. The proxy graph algorithm approximates proven virtual proxy methods but enhances the performance significantly by restricting the proxy location to the edges and vertices of the object. The resulting algorithm requires less computation and reduces the average number of collision detection operations per triangle that the proxy crosses during each haptic update cycle. We also develop a collision detection algorithm optimized for our heightfield dataset.Our "MarsView" software enables hands-on interactive display of visual and geologic data with polygon counts in excess of 100 million triangles using a standard PC computer and a commercial haptic interface. MarsView's haptic user interface allows the user to physically interact with the surface as they pan it around and zoom in on details. The hybrid system renders complex scenes at full visual and haptic rates resulting in a more immersive user experience than a visual display alone.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization in distributed systems (1990)

Existing fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms are compared and contrasted. These include the following: software synchronization algorithms, such as convergence-averaging, convergence-nonaveraging, and consistency algorithms, as well as probabilistic synchronization; hardware synchronization algorithms; and hybrid synchronization. The worst-case clock skews guaranteed by representative algorithms are compared, along with other important aspects such as time, message, and cost overhead imposed by the algorithms. More recent developments such as hardware-assisted software synchronization and algorithms for synchronizing large, partially connected distributed systems are especially emphasized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RNAi-mediated gene silencing of highly expressed genes in the industrial fungi <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (2009)

RNA interference utilizes small interfering RNAs of 20–25 nucleotides processed from double-stranded RNA to initiate sequence-specific digestion of the cognate messenger RNA. We sought to investigate whether use of RNAi could be extended to industrially important filamentous fungi by determining if suppression of highly expressed fungal genes can be achieved and then maintained during growth in liquid media. Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei are capable of secreting abundant amounts of amyloglucosidase and cellobiohydrolase II (CEL6A), respectively. A vector directing expression of a T. reesei cel6a hairpin RNA was used to transform T. reesei strain RutC30. Greater than 50% of transformants displayed some measure of CEL6A suppression, with a portion of these transformants appearing to be fully suppressed. Steady-state levels of cel6a-specific mRNA in these transformants, determined by Northern blots, paralleled extracellular yields of CEL6A visualized by SDS-PAGE. Decreased steady-state levels of cel6A-specific mRNA were confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, cel6a-specific siRNAs were identified in transformants exhibiting decreased levels of cel6a mRNA and CEL6A protein, confirming RNAi as the process responsible for achieving gene silencing. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated gene silencing was maintained throughout both a seven-day fermentation and continuous growth over 35 days in shake flasks. Efficient gene silencing was also accomplished in A. niger, where apparently complete suppression of the amyloglucosidase (glaA) gene was achieved. These results demonstrate the robustness and stability of RNAi in T. reesei and A. niger and support the utility of this technology for strain development programs and functional genomics studies in these and possibly other industrial fungal strains.
School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence (2004)

The concept of school engagement has attracted increasing attention as representing a possible antidote to declining academic motivation and achievement. Engagement is presumed to be malleable, responsive to contextual features, and amenable to environmental change. Researchers describe behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement and recommend studying engagement as a multifaceted construct. This article reviews definitions, measures, precursors, and outcomes of engagement; discusses limitations in the existing research; and suggests improvements. The authors conclude that, although much has been learned, the potential contribution of the concept of school engagement to research on student experience has yet to be realized. They call for richer characterizations of how students behave, feel, and think—research that could aid in the development of finely tuned interventions
Improving robustness of deep neural network acoustic models via speech separation and joint adaptive training (2014)

Although deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models are known to be inherently noise robust, especially with matched training and testing data, the use of speech separation as a frontend and for deriving alternative feature representations has been shown to improve performance in challenging environments. We first present a supervised speech separation system that significantly improves automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance in realistic noise conditions. The system performs separation via ratio time-frequency masking; the ideal ratio mask (IRM) is estimated using DNNs. We then propose a framework that unifies separation and acoustic modeling via joint adaptive training. Since the modules for acoustic modeling and speech separation are implemented using DNNs, unification is done by introducing additional hidden layers with fixed weights and appropriate network architecture. On the CHiME-2 medium-large vocabulary ASR task, and with log mel spectral features as input to the acoustic model, an independently trained ratio masking frontend improves word error rates by 10.9% (relative) compared to the noisy baseline. In comparison, the jointly trained system improves performance by 14.4%. We also experiment with alternative feature representations to augment the standard log mel features, like the noise and speech estimates obtained from the separation module, and the standard feature set used for IRM estimation. Our best system obtains a word error rate of 15.4% (absolute), an improvement of 4.6 percentage points over the next best result on this corpus.
Chaotic signals: attractor reconstruction and local prediction (2002)

A procedure was developed to reconstruct a chaotic attractor and to make local prediction on a chaotic temporal series. It has been tested on many well-known chaotic systems. This algorithm also computes the embedding dimension of the system generating the time series. After many tests, it was used on real electrocardiographic signals. The experimental data are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poststructuralism and the New Testament: Derrida and Foucault at the foot of the Cross (1994)

With typical wit and jargon-free clarity: Stephen D. Moore guides us through the maze of concepts and projects that constitute the multidisciplinary phenomenon of post-structuralism. Moore centers on two lengthy exegetical examples - a Derridean reading of John and his interpreters and a Foucauldian reading of Paul and his. The book also deals with deconstruction's relationship to Theology and its relationship to biblical scholarship old and new - historical critical, narrative critical, and feminist. All who want to know what the fuss is about will owe Moore a debt of gratitude for this book.
<i>Cis</i>−<i>Trans</i> Isomerization and Oxidation of Radical Cations of Stilbene Derivatives (1996)

Isomerization from cis stilbene derivatives (c-S (S = RCH=CHC(6)H(5): 1, R = C(6)H(5); 2, R = 4-CH(3)C(6)H(4); 3, R = 4-CH(3)OC(6)H(4) (= An); 4, R = 2,4-(CH(3)O)(2)C(6)H(3); 5, R = 3,4-(CH(3)O)(2)C(6)H(3); 6, R = 3,5-(CH(3)O)(2)C(6)H(3); 7, AnCH=C(CH(3))C(6)H(5); 8, AnCH=CHAn)) to trans isomers (t-S) and oxidation of S with O(2) were studied in gamma-ray radiolyses of c-S in Ar-saturated 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and of S in O(2)-saturated DCE, respectively. On the basis of product analyses, it is suggested that a smaller barrier to c-t unimolecular isomerization for c-3(*+)-5(*+) and 8(*+) than for c-1(*+), 2(*+), and 6(*+) due to the single bond character of the central C=C double bond for c-3(*+)-5(*+) and 8(*+) with a p-methoxyl group but not for c-1(*+), 2(*+), and 6(*+) without a p-methoxyl group because of the contribution of a quinoid-type structure induced by charge-spin separation. The isomerization proceeds via chain reaction mechanisms involving c-t unimolecular isomerization and endergonic hole transfer or dimerization and decomposition. The isomerization of c-3(*+) to t-3(*+) is catalyzed by addition of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene but terminated by triethylamine. The regioselective formation of 3d in oxidation of 3(*+) with O(2) is explained by spin localization on the beta-olefinic carbon in 3(*+). The results of product analyses are compared with the rate constants of the unimolecular isomerization and the oxidation for S(*+) measured with pulse radiolyses.
MISIM: An End-to-End Neural Code Similarity System. (2020)

Code similarity systems are integral to a range of applications from code recommendation to automated construction of software tests and defect mitigation. In this paper, we present Machine Inferred Code Similarity (MISIM), a novel end-to-end code similarity system that consists of two core components. First, MISIM uses a novel context-aware similarity structure, which is designed to aid in lifting semantic meaning from code syntax. Second, MISIM provides a neural-based code similarity scoring system, which can be implemented with various neural network algorithms and topologies with learned parameters. We compare MISIM to three other state-of-the-art code similarity systems: (i) code2vec, (ii) Neural Code Comprehension, and (iii) Aroma. In our experimental evaluation across 45,780 programs, MISIM consistently outperformed all three systems, often by a large factor (upwards of 40.6x).
Silk fibroin scavenges hydroxyl radicals produced from a long-term stored water-soluble fullerene system (2017)

Fullerene has been investigated for use in intratracheal instillation and inhalation. However, its use may be compromised due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from a long-term stored water-soluble fullerene system, which will result in pulmonary injury. In this study, we investigated the ability of different concentrations of silk fibroin (SF) to scavenge hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) produced by a water-soluble fullerene system. In addition, we elaborated the mechanism of OH˙ formation and scavenging, the degradation of water-soluble fullerene (WSF), and the effects of OH˙ and WSF on the viability of endothelial cells (ECs). WSF was found to rapidly degrade when incubated with SF at 4 °C, which suggested that OH˙ and the deposition of WSF over 5 half-lives might be reduced by mixing WSF with SF. Moreover, it was observed that OH˙ and WSF could generate adverse effects on EC viability, and OH˙ produced by the WSF system on day 55 could be scavenged by SF. Overall, this study indicated that SF as an antioxidant was capable of scavenging OH˙ and accelerating the degradation of WSF, which provides further insight into the application of WSF in intratracheal instillation and inhalation.
A robust real-time transport protocol for multimedia information retrieval in an ATM network (2002)

Interactive multimedia services require on-demand and real-time delivery of information to the subscriber over networks. The need for preserving the temporal properties of certain media imposes quality of service (QoS) requirements on the network. In this paper, we propose a deadline priority scheduling protocol to switch multimedia traffic from media servers (MS) to users. Users retrieve data from MSs in the form of large packets by placing data requests which carry a time deadline parameter with their access multiplexer (AM). Each AM queues the data requests from its customers based on their deadlines. In order to schedule a data transaction, each AM submits its most urgent data request to the appropriate MS. An MS accepts the most urgent data request that it receives. The AM whose request has been accepted instructs the corresponding MS to begin transmitting as soon as it finishes its current transaction. The receiving MS begins transmitting the requested data when it finishes its current transaction. The received data is stored in the user's line card for subsequent playout or download to the user terminal. The proposed scheduling protocol is robust in the sense that it guarantees collision free delivery of the data even if the local clocks of AMs and MSs drift. The performance of the protocol is evaluated in terms of meeting the QoS requirements. Simulation results on the link utilization are also presented.
Theory of the Optical Properties of Gold Blacks (1972)

A model is developed and fitted to the observed infrared transmittance and reflectance of a layer of gold black in the wavelength region 3–100 μm. Absorption coefficient and reflectivity are calculated and interpreted. The parameter values employed in the model are compatible with the existing information on the structure of gold blacks, the properties of bulk gold, and the expected modifications of these properties by size effects.
Novel interferon-based pre-transplantation conditioning in the treatment of a congenital metabolic disorder (2013)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is a potentially curative treatment modality for monogenic hematological diseases and storage disorders. It is necessary, however, to establish pre-bone marrow (BM) transplant conditioning regimens that minimize DNA damage and toxicity. Type I interferon (IFN) signaling activates quiescent HSCs and enables them to be sensitive to 5-fluorouracil (FU)-mediated cytotoxicity, thus implying a molecular basis for improving HSC transplant outcomes. Here we show that type I IFN preconditioning, without irradiation or DNA alkylating agents, significantly enhanced the HSC engraftment efficiency in wild-type (WT) recipient mice. The importance of active type I IFN signaling in HSC recipients was further demonstrated using mice lacking IFN regulatory factor 2 (IRF2), a transcriptional suppressor of type I IFN signaling. In both WT and Irf2(-/-) recipients, active type I IFN signaling greatly enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU or low-dose irradiation of HSCs. Importantly, IFN-based pre-BM transplant conditioning was also applicable to the treatment of Sly syndrome, a congenital storage disorder with β-glucuronidase deficiency, in which it restored enzyme expression at the HSC level and reciprocally reduced pathological glycosaminoglycan storage. Our findings suggest type I IFN-based preconditioning, combined with HSC transplantation, as a novel nongenotoxic treatment of some congenital diseases.
Current density distribution in a chromatically limited electron microprobe (1986)

Chromatically limited electron-microprobe systems are quite common in low-voltage scanning microscopy. The non-Gaussian blur disk and the asymmetric focal properties of the system are explained by considering the relation between source electron energy distributions and the spatial distribution of the current density in the vicinity of the image plane.
Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Fresh Bone Marrow in a 3D Scaffold-Based System under Direct Perfusion (2014)

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) expansion in conventional monolayer culture on plastic dishes (2D) leads to progressive loss of functionality and thus challenges fundamental studies on the physiology of skeletal progenitors, as well as translational applications for cellular therapy and molecular medicine. Here we demonstrate that 2D MSC expansion can be entirely bypassed by culturing freshly isolated bone marrow nucleated cells within 3D porous scaffolds in a perfusion-based bioreactor system. The 3D-perfusion system generated a stromal tissue that could be enzymatically treated to yield CD45- MSC. As compared to 2D-expanded MSC (control), those derived from 3D-perfusion culture after the same time (3 weeks) or a similar extent of proliferation (7-8 doublings) better maintained their progenitor properties, as assessed by a 4.3-fold higher clonogenicity and the superior differentiation capacity towards all typical mesenchymal lineages. Transcriptomic analysis of MSC from 5 donors validated the robustness of the process and indicated a reduced inter-donor variability and a significant upregulation of multipotency-related gene clusters following 3D-perfusion--as compared to 2D-expansion. Interestingly, the differences in functionality and transcriptomics between MSC expanded in 2D or under 3D-perfusion were only partially captured by cytofluorimetric analysis using conventional surface markers. The described system offers a multidisciplinary approach to study how factors of a 3D engineered niche regulate MSC function and, by streamlining conventional labor-intensive processes, is prone to automation and scalability within closed bioreactor systems.
A Robust Detection of the Sybil Attack in Urban VANETs (2009)

The Sybil attack is one of the serious attacks to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), because it severely damages the security of VANETs and, even leads to a threat to lives of drivers and passengers. In this paper, we propose a solution to detect the Sybil attack based on the differences between the normal motion trajectories of vehicles and the abnormal ones. In our approach, each node can accomplish the attack detection independently with the limited assistance from the infrastructures of VANETs. We improve the feasibility of our approach with limited infrastructures at the early deployment stages of VANETs. In addition, the independency and feasibility of our algorithm are more robust than the existing solutions that rely on collaboration of neighboring nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing solutions in terms of robustness, detection rate, overhead efficiency, and lower system requirements.
CSI-RS design for 3D MIMO in future LTE-Advanced (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) MIMO is a promising enhancement of MIMO technology to improve system capacity by exploiting the spatial characteristics in both azimuth dimension and elevation dimension. As one of the key aspects in practical systems, the channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) design specific to future LTE-Advanced are discussed, and a precoding scheme of CSI-RS considering elevation beamforming is proposed. It is shown that the proposed scheme has the advantages of better performance, small standardization efforts due to its reusability of existing codebook and CSI-RS configurations, and transparency to the legacy UEs.
Coherent Transmission Direct Detection MIMO Over Short-Range Optical Interconnects and Passive Optical Networks (2008)

Building on a recently introduced quadratic multiple-input multiple-output (Q-MIMO) channel model making use of quadratic forms instead of linear channel matrices, we explore diverse signaling formats over the Q-MIMO channel in the frequency flat regime, highlighting the unique characteristics of optical multimode fiber (MMF) systems versus their wireless counterparts. In particular, we treat multiple-input single-output multimode fiber systems, comparing them with single-input single-output MMF systems and obtaining insight into the possibility of efficiently coupling the output of an MMF into a single-mode fiber. We further treat vector amplitude modulation over MMF MIMO and study the receiver zero-forcing (ZF) technique for MMF MIMO transmission, deriving its performance and comparing with a recently introduced ZF beamforming technique based on preceding at the transmitter, which is shown to be superior to receiver ZF.
Bleached Holograms (1968)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. Russo and S. Sottini, "Bleached Holograms," Appl. Opt. 7, 202-202 (1968) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Polyoma middle tumor antigen interacts with SHC protein via the NPTY (Asn-Pro-Thr-Tyr) motif in middle tumor antigen. (1994)

Polyomavirus middle tumor antigen (MT) transforms a large number of cell types by binding to and modulating the activities of cellular proteins. Previous genetic analysis defined in MT an independent motif, NPTY (Asn-Pro-Thr-Tyr), required for transformation. This report demonstrates that NPTY is required for interaction between MT and SHC protein, a Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protooncogene product implicated in activating Ras via association with GRB2 protein. SHC is phosphorylated on tyrosine and associates with GRB2 in MT-transformed cells. These effects require an intact NPTY motif in MT. SHC immunoprecipitates from MT-transformed cells possess kinase activity that phosphorylates not only SHC and MT but also the 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. This result suggests that a complex exists that contains, at a minimum, MT, Src family tyrosine kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and SHC.
A Field Guide to Optimizing Peptoid Synthesis (2022)

N-Substituted glycines (peptoids) are a class of peptidomimetic molecules used as materials for health, environmental, and drug delivery applications. Automated solid-phase synthesis is the most widely used approach for preparing polypeptoids, with a range of published protocols and modifications for selected synthetic targets. Simultaneously, emerging solution-phase syntheses are being leveraged to overcome limitations in solid-phase synthesis and access high-molecular weight polypeptoids. This Perspective aims to outline strategies for the optimization of both solid- and solution-phase synthesis, provide technical considerations for robotic synthesizers, and offer an outlook on advances in synthetic methodologies. The solid-phase synthesis sections explore steps for protocol optimization, accessing complex side chains, and adaptation to robotic synthesizers; the sections on solution-phase synthesis cover the selection of initiators, side chain compatibility, and strategies for controlling polymerization efficiency and scale. This text acts as a "field guide" for researchers aiming to leverage the flexibility and adaptability of peptoids in their research.