gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid ARQ scheme using interleaved Reed-Solomon codes in a power-controlled DS-CDMA cellular system (1996)

A new hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme is proposed for data transmission in a power-controlled direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) system cellular system. The data frame is composed of interleaved Reed-Solomon codes. The depth of interleaving is determined by a power-control interval. After decoding each codeword with algebraic decoding, the post-decoding processor decides whether to accept the codeword or to discard it by using channel state information from the power-control processor. The proposed hybrid ARQ scheme significantly reduces the probability of undetected error among accepted codewords without significantly reducing the throughput.
Nonspecificity of a direct 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone radioimmunoassay kit when used with samples from neonates. (1988)

We analyzed 240 samples for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) with the direct-assay kit ("Coat-A-Count" method for serum samples) from Diagnostic Products Corp. (DPC). The specimens were from 50 patients with known or suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); 74 mostly hospitalized neonates and infants, ages three days to three months; and 116 other patients, ages six months to 23 years. Samples from the CAH group were also analyzed with our in-house assay. For 39 of the neonatal samples, the analysis with the DPC assay was repeated with re-solubilized material that had been extracted from the serum with organic solvents. Values for "17-OHP" measured with the DPC direct assay were high, not only in CAH patients, but also in many of the unaffected neonates and infants. The extraction properties of the cross-reacting immunoreactive material into various organic solvent systems were different from those of 17-OHP, and were more like those of steroid sulfates. Because of this significant cross-reactivity, we recommend that the DPC kit not be used for sera from children younger than six months of age, unless the method is modified to include an extraction step.
Following God without Belief: Moral Objections to Agnostic Religious Commitment (2008)

Abstract Since pragmatic arguments for agnostic religious commitment do not require one to believe on insufficient evidence, they avoid one of the moral objections to pragmatic arguments for belief in God: the objection that one should not believe on insufficient evidence. However, I will argue that pragmatic arguments for agnostic religious commitment must deal with two related moral objections. First, if we have a duty to investigate the truth in matters of importance to our behavior, then making such a commitment turns out to conflict to some extent with that duty, though not, I think, to an unacceptable degree. Second, some people have a conception of God and the religious life such that making an agnostic religious commitment may interfere with the person's ability to reflect on moral matters and act on her conclusions, thus putting her at greater risk of doing the wrong thing.
Insulin Protects Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Palmitoleic Acid-induced Cellular Injury (2014)

Acute pancreatitis is a serious and sometimes fatal inflammatory disease where the pancreas digests itself. The non-oxidative ethanol metabolites palmitoleic acid (POA) and POA-ethylester (POAEE) are reported to induce pancreatitis caused by impaired mitochondrial metabolism, cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) overload and necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells. Metabolism and [Ca(2+)]i are linked critically by the ATP-driven plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) important for maintaining low resting [Ca(2+)]i. The aim of the current study was to test the protective effects of insulin on cellular injury induced by the pancreatitis-inducing agents, ethanol, POA, and POAEE. Rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated by collagenase digestion and [Ca(2+)]i was measured by fura-2 imaging. An in situ [Ca(2+)]i clearance assay was used to assess PMCA activity. Magnesium green (MgGreen) and a luciferase-based ATP kit were used to assess cellular ATP depletion. Ethanol (100 mM) and POAEE (100 μM) induced a small but irreversible Ca(2+) overload response but had no significant effect on PMCA activity. POA (50-100 μM) induced a robust Ca(2+) overload, ATP depletion, inhibited PMCA activity, and consequently induced necrosis. Insulin pretreatment (100 nm for 30 min) prevented the POA-induced Ca(2+) overload, ATP depletion, inhibition of the PMCA, and necrosis. Moreover, the insulin-mediated protection of the POA-induced Ca(2+) overload was partially prevented by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002. These data provide the first evidence that insulin directly protects pancreatic acinar cell injury induced by bona fide pancreatitis-inducing agents, such as POA. This may have important therapeutic implications for the treatment of pancreatitis.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of nucleolar organizer regions in normal epithelium, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (1997)

AgNOR enumeration, in particular pAgNOR > 1, appears to be a useful tool in distinguishing between normal epithelium, dysplasia, and SCC of the oral cavity. In this study, AgNOR counts were strong prognostic markers for patients with SCC.
Influence of membrane potential on conductance sublevels of chloride channels activated by GABA (1994)

Single-channel chloride currents activated by 0.5 microM GABA were recorded in cell-attached and inside-out membrane patches from rat cultured hippocampal neurons. The currents displayed multiple conductance states and outward rectification. The number and amplitude of conductance levels were determined over a range of potentials by using digital signal-processing techniques. It was found that, except for a level close to zero, subconductance levels were regularly spaced. There were fewer sublevels at hyperpolarized than at depolarized potentials, and the spacing between levels varied linearly with potential giving an incremental conductance of 8-10 pS that was independent of membrane potential. Outward rectification is related to the change in the number of conductance levels with potential. One hypothesis that is consistent with these observations is that a channel is composed of a number of synchronized, non-rectifying, conducting pores, and that the number of pores activated changes with membrane potential.
Testing the 500-MHz IBM S/390 microprocessor (1998)

The design-for-test framework of the 500-MHz CMOS central processor uses specific tests to ensure the highest reliability of components within a system. Some of the same test patterns are applied in chip manufacturing and system-level tests.
Sudden Death in Epilepsy: A Study of Incidence in a Young Cohort with Epilepsy and Learning Difficulty (1995)

Sudden death, often seizure related, may occur in patients with epilepsy. Population-based incidence is probably on the order of 1:1,000/year. The incidence is much higher in selected groups, however. We wished to establish the incidence of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in a young cohort with severe epilepsy and learning difficulties. The study cohort included 310 pupils with epilepsy enrolled at a special residential school between April 1970 and April 1993. The follow-up period totaling 4,135 person-years included a period of residence at the school as well as time after leaving. Age and sex standardized overall mortality ratio was 15.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6-23.0], with 20 of 28 deaths considered epilepsy related. An incidence of sudden death cases of 1:295/year was noted. All 14 sudden deaths occurred when the pupils were not under the close supervision of the school and most were unwitnessed, which has implications for prevention.
The Use of Low-Cost Graphite Nanomaterials to Enhance Zonal Isolation in Oil and Gas Wells (2017)

Abstract One of the key challenges encountered in cementing the casing in oil and gas wells is the failure of the cement sheaths due to low tensile strength and toughness resistance of the cement sheath. To enhance the mechanical and durability characteristics of cement sheaths, low-cost graphite nanoplatelet (GnP) employed as a nano-scale reinforcement. GnP offers many of the highly desired mechanical, physical, geometric and stability characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at substantially reduced cost. Experimental studies were implemented to evaluate the complementary effects of low-cost graphite nanomaterials in oil and gas well cement sheaths. Experimental results highlighted the balanced gains in diverse engineering properties of cement slurry by introduction of GnP. As a nano-scale reinforcement system, GnPs were found to significantly control the crack propagation and improvement in mechanical attributes of Zonal Isolation. The planar geometry of GnPs makes them to be effective in improvement of durability characteristics of cementitious paste.
Adenosine 3‘,5‘-Monophosphate as the Intracellular Mediator of the Action of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone on the Adrenal Cortex (1967)

Several pieces of evidence have been established which indicate that adenosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate is the intracellular mediator of the action of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the adrenal cortex.1. Increases in adrenal cyclic AMP concentrations induced by ACTH occurred before increases in the rate of adrenal steroidogenesis.2. Increasing doses of ACTH produced increasing concentrations of adrenal cyclic AMP as steroidogenesis was progressively stimulated, and adrenal concentrations of cyclic AMP remained elevated while the rate of steroidogenesis was maintained.3. The potency of analogues of ACTH in producing stimulation of adrenal steroidogenesis was reflected in their potency in producing increases in adrenal cyclic AMP concentration.4. ACTH increased cyclic AMP levels not only in adrenal quarters in vitro and in intact adrenals in tiuo but also in adrenal homogenates under conditions which suggested that ACTH was acting to increase adenyl cyclase activity.In addition, cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, although known to inhibit the steroidogenic effects of ACTH or exogenous cyclic AMP did not antagonize the increase in cyclic AMP concentration induced by ACTH.Thus, cycloheximide and, by inference, the newly synthesized protein thought to be involved in steroidogenesis would appear to act at a site past adenyl cyclase.NADPH, which stimulates steroidogenesis but is not antagonized by cycloheximide, had no effect on cyclic AMP levels.This suggests that NADPH acts either at a point distal to both the mechanism producing increased cyclic AMP and past that at which inhibitors of protein synthesis interfere with the reactions
Physiological Studies on Early‐blocked Sporulation Mutants of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1970)

S ummary . A relationship was observed in Bacillus subtilis between spore formation and the production of two extracellular enzymes, a serine‐proteinase and an esterase. These productions are impaired in 5 different classes of early‐blocked sporulation mutants. The residual activities of these two enzymes vary in proportion from one mutant class to another. The activity of a third extracellular enzyme, a metal activated proteinase, is slightly impaired if at all in only 2 of the 5 mutant classes. This activity is not required for sporulation, since enzyme loss in one mutant did not affect its ability to sporulate.
Comparison of living polymerization systems (1994)

Abstract Recent developments in the field of living polymerization are surveyed. Comparison of the available mechanistic and kinetic information is made for living anionic, cationic, free radical, group transfer, ring‐opening metathesis, Ziegler‐Natta and immortal polymerizations. This evaluation indicates that the majority of living polymerizations involve quasiliving equilibrium between active (propagating) and dormant (nonpropagating) polymer chains. On the basis of the kinetics of a general model for quasiliving and ideal living polymerizations it is concluded that ideal living polymerization is a special subclass of quasiliving polymerizations. Classification of living polymerization systems is also attempted.
High rate of recombination and double crossovers in the mouse pseudoautosomal region during male meiosis. (1987)

The recombination rate in meiosis between the mouse X and Y chromosomes was analyzed. Mice heterozygous at two pseudoautosomal alleles, the steroid sulfatase gene and the Mov-15 provirus marker, were crossed. The provirus in the Mov-15 transgenic mouse strain had been previously shown to be carried in the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes. Recombination frequencies were shown to be 7-fold higher in this region in male meiosis than in female meiosis. Three-point crosses indicated the occurrence in male meiosis of double recombination events in the pseudoautosomal region, with little or no crossover interference, which is in marked contrast to observations made on the similar region of the human sex chromosomes. This result is contrary to a previous model, which predicted a single crossover event in male meiotic pairing of mammalian sex chromosomes.
Optical Reflectance Method for Determining the Surface uality of Sapphire  ( Al2 O 3 ) (1978)

Polished sapphire wafers are used as substrates for the growth of crystalline silicon. The quality of the substrate surface is an important factor in determining the crystalline quality of the silicon film and, in turn, relates to silicon device performance and reliability. To improve silicon‐on‐sapphire device manufacture, a sensitive and nondestructive optical reflectance technique has been developed to determine the quality of polished sapphire surfaces. The correlation between surface damage and single or multiple specular reflectance of sapphire in the lattice mode region, 900–300 cm−1, is reported. As a result of surface damage, the vibrational modes of sapphire are distorted and the optical constants associated with these modes change. To interpret the single and multiple reflectance spectra the optical constants of undamaged and damaged (102) sapphire surfaces have been calculated from reflectance data using the Kramers‐Kronig method. From this analysis, the reflectance of sapphire at about 600 cm−1 is found to be very sensitive to surface quality. In this spectral region multiple reflectance can be used to measure the surface quality of sapphire with a high degree of sensitivity. The technique can, in principle, be used to measure the quality of any semiconductor or dielectric surface in spectral regions of high reflectance, such as regions of lattice band or bandgap absorption.
Eosinophilia and elevated serum levels of eosinophil major basic protein and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) after treatment of patients with Bancroft's filariasis. (1981)

Abstract Eosinophilia is a common sequela of treatment in patients infected with the parasitic helminth Wuchereria bancrofti. We investigated the relationship between peripheral blood eosinophil levels and serum levels of eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) and Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein in 37 patients with Bancroft’s filariasis who were treated with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Before treatment with DEC, eosinophil levels and serum levels of CLC protein, but not MBP, were found to be significantly elevated in both filariasis patients and an uninfected endemic control population. After treatment, patients with microfilaremia developed an initial eosinopenia followed by significant increases in their eosinophil levels and serum levels of both MBP and CLC protein, which peaked 1 to 2 wk after initiating treatment. Before treatment, eosinophil levels and serum levels of MBP and CLC protein were unrelated to the number of microfilariae in circulation, but after treatment, the degree of eosinophilia and the elevations in serum MBP and CLC protein were significantly correlated with the patients’ microfilarial worm burdens before treatment. In microfilaremic patients on DEC therapy, there was a statistically significant increase in serum MBP levels concomitant with the initial decrease in eosinophil levels observed on day 1 of therapy in these patients. Patients with filariasis (elephantiasis, hydrocoeles, or filarial fevers) but without microfilaremia, as well as an uninfected endemic control population, showed no change in their eosinophil levels or serum MBP or CLC protein levels during an identical course of DEC therapy. The eosinophilic response resulting from DEC therapy of patients with microfilaremia provides a unique opportunity to study the relationship between eosinophilia, eosinophil function, and possibly eosinophilopoiesis as reflected by the synthesis and/or release of eosinophil proteins in humans exposed to a quantifiable antigenic stimulus.
The Halogen Fluorides. (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Halogen Fluorides.Harold Simmons. Booth and John Turner. PinkstonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1947, 41, 3, 421–439Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60130a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60130a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Raman Study on the Structure of Cysteamine Monolayers on Silver (1999)

Cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) monolayers were spontaneously formed on silver surfaces by chemisorption from cysteamine and cystamine solutions. The present surface-enhanced Raman scattering investigation of such layers shows that the conformation of the adsorbed molecules clearly depends on the preparation procedure, surrounding liquids, pH, and applied potential. A majority of trans conformers were obtained directly after adsorption from more concentrated cysteamine solutions. Adsorption from more diluted cysteamine solutions and solutions of the corresponding disulfide, cystamine, and storage of layers containing mainly trans conformers in water lead to a predominance of gauche conformers. The portion of trans conformers could be increased by lowering the pH and applying negative potential and by the adsorption of additional cysteamine. Time-resolved analyses showed that the changes of conformations proceed with time constants of about 20 min. The slow rearrangement should be attributed to a reversible attachment of the amino group to the metal surface in addition to the chemisorption via the thiol function. The results demonstrate that special care has to be taken to obtain uniform monolayers terminated by amino groups as they are desired for various applications.
La catedral renovada de Tacámbaro. Apunte estético y estilístico (1988)

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Iron chelators inhibit human platelet aggregation, thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> synthesis and lipoxygenase activity (1989)

The iron chelators desferrioxamine and 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) inhibited human platelet aggregation in vitro as well as thromboxane A2 synthesis and conversion of arachidonate to lipoxygenase-derived products. Non-chelating compounds related to L1 were without effect on cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase activity. Since both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase are iron-containing enzymes, it is suggested that the inhibition of platelet function by these iron chelators may be related to the removal or binding of iron associated with these enzymes. These iron chelators may therefore be of potential therapeutic value as platelet antiaggregatory agents and of possible use in the treatment of atherosclerotic and inflammatory joint diseases.
Combination Cytotoxic Chemotherapy With Cisplatin or Doxorubicin and Photodynamic Therapy in Murine Tumors1 (1988)

This study was designed to evaluate the interaction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy in an animal model. PDT is based on the interaction of hematoporphyrin derivative and red light of the appropriate wavelength (630 nm) and intensity. Two tumor models were utilized: C3H/Km mice bearing the RIF-1 tumor and BALB/c mice bearing the EMT-6 tumor. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with either cisplatin (DDP), doxorubicin (ADM), PDT, or a combination of drug and PDT. It was demonstrated that the RIF-1 tumor was sensitive to DDP and insensitive to both PDT and ADM. There was no additional antitumor effect when either drug was combined with PDT. The EMT-6 tumor was moderately sensitive to PDT and mildly sensitive to both DDP and ADM. Although the addition of DDP did not potentiate tumor destruction, the addition of ADM significantly enhanced the effect of PDT (P = .01). The enhanced activity of the combination of PDT and ADM appeared to be the result of increased activity of ADM alone, when illuminated with red (630 nm) light. This potentiation may be due to a photochemical process or may be secondary to the mild hyperthermia generated by illumination with the laser. This study demonstrates that PDT combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy is well tolerated in these animals and that certain combinations of PDT and chemotherapy may result in an enhanced tumoricidal effect. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:739–743]
Spatially adaptive image restoration by neural network filtering (2003)

When using a regularized approach for image restoration there is always a compromise between image sharpness and noise suppression. Therefore, the main problem is to remove as much noise as possible while preserving sharpness in the restoration. To this cause we introduce a spatially regularized neural approach that makes use of local image statistics to apply varying regularization to different areas of the image. This is achieved with an efficient parallel implementation of the Hopfield neural network. The proposed approach exhibits an improvement in restoration quality and execution time over the existing approaches. This is illustrated on simulations on benchmark images.
Culture in vitro pour l'etude et l'elimination de viroses de la vigne (1985)

National audience
Avoiding common-mode feedback in continuous-time g/sub m/-C filters by use of lossy integrators (2002)

A method of continuous-time fully-differential signal processing is proposed which avoids the use of common-mode feedback (CMF) circuitry. Instead, the DC output voltage of the transconductor (G/sub M/) is defined by a 1/g/sub m/ resistor load and by implementing a precise biasing scheme to control the DC output voltage with accuracy similar to that of a good CMF circuit. The approach results in single-ended cascade filters built around a single-ended double-input CMOS triode-region G/sub M/. Fully differential filters are obtained by connecting two such single-ended structures in parallel and driving them with differential signals. The advantages of the discussed method result in systems with improved stability, and reduced noise, distortion, power consumption and the area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>