gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting dendritic cells: a promising strategy to improve vaccine effectiveness (2016)

Dendritic cell (DC) targeting is a novel strategy to enhance vaccination efficacy. This approach is based on the in situ delivery of antigen via antibodies that are specific for endocytic receptors expressed at the surface of DCs. Here we review the complexity of the DC subsets and the antigen presentation pathways that need to be considered in the settings of DC targeting. We also summarize current knowledge about antigen delivery to DCs via DEC-205, Clec9A and Clec12A, receptor targets that strongly enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. Finally, we discuss the intracellular trafficking criteria of the targeted receptors that may impact their effectiveness as DC targets.
Hole-Doped Semiconductor Nanowire on Top of an<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>-Wave Superconductor: A New and Experimentally Accessible System for Majorana Fermions (2012)

Majorana fermions were envisioned by Majorana in 1935 to describe neutrinos. Recently, it has been shown that they can be realized even in a class of electron-doped semiconductors, on which ordinary s-wave superconductivity is proximity induced, provided the time reversal symmetry is broken by an external Zeeman field above a threshold. Here we show that in a hole-doped semiconductor nanowire the threshold Zeeman field for Majorana fermions can be very small for some magic values of the hole density. In contrast to the electron-doped systems, smaller Zeeman fields and much stronger spin-orbit coupling and effective mass of holes allow the hole-doped systems to support Majorana fermions in a parameter regime which is routinely realized in current experiments.
전 제왕절개술 후의 분만과 이환율 (1985)

1. Eight hundred and twenty three cases in which delivery occurred after aprevious Cesarean Section between Jan. 1982 and December 1983 were studied. 2. Four purposes of analysis the patients were divided into two group; a planned management group and a emergency group. 3. Of the 697 in the planned management group 560 (80.4%) had an elective Cesarean Section, and trial of labour was done in 137 cases with successful vaginal delivery in 97 (70.8%). 4. In the planned management group there were 2 cases of uterine rupture (0.7 %), but in emergency group there were 5 cases (4.0%) with one post mortem delivery. 5. The lowest maternal morbidity was in the successful trial of labour group and there was no statistically significant difference in the morbidity between these delivered by elective cesarean section and those delivered by cesarean section after a failed trial of labour. 6. Perinatal mortality was highest in the emergency group and one problem of elective Casearean section was the delivery of a baby with a serious congenital abnormality undiagnosable antenatally. There was one case ofiatrogenic prematurity in the elective Cesarean section group. 7. The success rate of trial of labour varide according to the indication for the previous Cesarean section indication with a success rate of 80% in which the indication was antepartum hemorrhage, or abnormal lie, but only 46% when the indication was failed induction or incoordinate uterine action. With proper selection there was a 66% rate of vaginal delivery in which the previous indication was cephalopelvic disproportion.
Induction of CYP1A1 and ALDH-3 in Lymphoid Tissues from Fisher 344 Rats Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) (1996)

The immune system is a primary target for toxic insult by a number of drugs and environmental chemicals, many of which require activation to toxic metabolites by drug-metabolizing enzymes. We compared the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), in lymphoid tissues of F344 rats following treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). ALDH was induced in both the spleen and the thymus after TCDD treatment, with maximal expression at 9 and 15 days, respectively. Thymic microsomal preparations from TCDD-treated animals expressed elevated levels of inducible CYP1A1 as compared to microsomes from the spleens of treated animals or tissues from control rats. TCDD treatment also resulted in increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the thymus. There were no detectable mRNA transcripts for CYP1A1 in peripheral blood or splenic lymphocytes from treated animals; however, CYP1A1 transcripts were induced in isolated thymocytes, whole spleen, and whole thymus. In vitro exposure to TCDD did not result in induction of immunoreactive CYP1A1 in thymocytes unless simultaneously activated with the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Immunohistochemical localization of CYP1A1 in immune tissues indicated that cells other than the lymphoid populations are responsible for the increased CYP1A1 expression. The pattern of CYP1A1 induction was related to the expression of the Ah receptor (AhR) in immune tissues. Western blot analyses demonstrated less AhR present in peripheral blood lymphoid cells and spleen, as compared to whole tissues. These studies indicate that while drug-metabolizing enzymes are present in immune tissues, the induction of enzymes is selective in different lymphoid cells.
Experimental determination of ESD latent phenomena in CMOS integrated circuits (1992)

A series of measurements were performed on two types of commercially available and custom-made CMOS integrated circuits to investigate the latent mode of failure due to ESD. The current injection test method was used for both polarities of discharge. Test parameters studied included threshold failure, constant amplitude multiple stress, step stress, and the stress hardening effect. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrate the presence of latent failure in CMOS integrated circuits due to ESD. The work is used to further expand a charge injection model for latent failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Über Peptidsynthesen, XLV<sup>1)</sup> Eine vereinfachte Methode zur Darstellung von <i>p</i>‐Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl‐aminosäuren (1969)

Abstract Aus dem durch Umsatz von 2.4.5‐Trichlor‐phenyloxycarbonylchlorid mit Anisalkohol in Gegenwart von Chinolin leicht zugänglichen p ‐Methoxybenzyl‐2.4.5‐trichlor‐phenylcarbonat werden eine Reihe von p ‐Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl‐aminosäuren synthetisiert (Tab. 1). Diese liefern in bekannter Weise einige bisher nicht beschriebene aktivierte Ester (Tab. 2).
Glycosylated phosphatidylinositol molecules as second messengers (1994)

Glycosylated phosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipids are a structurally and functionally diverse molecular family. One of the most interesting and controversial aspects of GPI function is their ability to participate in signaling mechanisms or to directly function as second messengers of biological receptors. For example, while there is little dispute that subsets of GPI molecules are hydrolyzed following receptor ligation, there is no consensus as to the subsequent roles of intact GPI molecules or their cleavage products. The importance of these observations is underscored by two facts; many GPI anchored proteins participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, and several hormones metabolize GPI forms that are not linked to proteins. The purpose of this review is to outline the major structural and biological features of GPI molecules as they relate to their role in cellular signaling.
Mechanical Evaluation of Two Loop Tensioning Methods for Crimp Clamp Extracapsular Stabilization of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Canine Stifle (2006)

The hand tightening method described is a valuable technique for unassisted surgeons without access to tensioning devices.
Water Vapor Permeability and Mechanical Properties of Grain Protein-based Films as Affected by Mixtures of Polyethylene Glycol and Glycerin Plasticizers (1994)

Grain protein-based films containing mixtures of glycerin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizers were prepared and evaluated for water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and elongation (E). Changes in mechanical properties during storage were also studied. The PEG produced opposite trends in E of wheat gluten and corn-zein films. The TS of wheat gluten films increased and E of the films decreased as the ratio of glycerin/PEG decreased. Corn-zein films containing only glycerin were very brittle (E of 4%), and E of the films improved to 94% when the ratio of mL PEG/g protein was 0.39. The WVP of both films decreased as the ratio of glycerin/PEG was decreased. Also, WVP of both films increased as the total amount of plasticizer added to the films increased. Mixtures of glycerin and PEG as plasticizer are less fugitive than glycerin alone in grain protein-based films and can reduce the deterioration of mechanical properties during storage.
PKPD model for cathepsin K inhibition with K inhibition with balicatib and changes in bone turnover biomarkers, in particular and changes in bone turnover biomarkers, in particular NTx (2006)

Background: Cathepsin K is a key enzyme for the breakdown of collagen during bone resorption. Balicatib inhibits cathepsin K. The drug may be active for treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Serum and urinary telopeptide data after oral dosing of healthy subjects and patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis were obtained during Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the clinical development of balicatib. Single doses of 5 to 400 mg and multiple daily doses of 5 to 50 mg were administered with intensive sampling on day 1 and at steady state, over up to 3 months in 140 patients and 12 months in 675 patients. A nonlinear mixed effects pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic model for balicatib effects on telopeptide formation was developed using NONMEM Version V Release 1.1. Results: Serum C-terminal (CTx) and Nterminal (NTx) collagen telopeptide (TLP) concentration fell rapidly following the first dose of balicatib, as a %change vs baseline of 70 -80 at the 50mg dose. They gradually increased over subsequent weeks with a rebound above baseline after stopping the treatment at 12 weeks. The initial attenuation of effect was describable with an empirical feedback model of decreasing serum TLP leading to increased TLP formation. Subsequent longer term changes were not well described by the empirical feedback model but could be described adequately by proposing accelerated turnover of bone formed during cathepsin K inhibition. The superiority of the accelerated turnover model was confirmed in studies of serum CTx and urinary NTx excretion over a 12 month treatment period but needs to be further investigated. Conclusions
Vasodilator Drugs in the Treatment of Heart Failure (1980)

The physiological basis for the use of vasodilator drugs is primarily based on the reduction in afterload they afford the dilated left ventricle. This may be achieved by reduction of left ventricular volume by dilatation of venous capacitance vessels. It may also be accomplished by reduction of left ventricular systolic pressure by reduction of aortic impedance secondary to dilatation of arteriolar resistance vessels. A spectrum of drugs exists which allows a selection of the required pharmacodynamic effects. The haemodynamic effects of the vasodilators are reflected in immediate symptomatic benefits, but these may not be sustained during chronic treatment. Withdrawal may precipitate clinical deterioration. Effects of vasodilator treatment on morbidity and length of survival are unknown.
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (2014)

Acute kidney injury develops in up to 30% of patients who undergo cardiac surgery, with up to 3% of patients requiring dialysis. The requirement for dialysis after cardiac surgery is associated with an increased risk of infection, prolonged stay in critical care units and long-term need for dialysis. The development of acute kidney injury is independently associated with substantial short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis involves multiple pathways. Haemodynamic, inflammatory, metabolic and nephrotoxic factors are involved and overlap each other leading to kidney injury. Clinical studies have identified predictors for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury that can be used effectively to determine the risk for acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. High-risk patients can be targeted for renal protective strategies. Nonetheless, there is little compelling evidence from randomized trials supporting specific interventions to protect or prevent acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients. Several strategies have shown some promise, including less invasive procedures in those at greatest risk, natriuretic peptide, fenoldopam, preoperative hydration, preoperative optimization of anaemia and postoperative early use of renal replacement therapy. The efficacy of larger-scale trials remains to be confirmed.
Nonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals: elucidation of rate-limiting processes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals: elucidation of rate-limiting processesMark L. Brusseau, Ron E. Jessup, and P. Suresh C. RaoCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 1, 134–142Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00013a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es00013a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations354LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is not required for neuronal development but regulates axogenesis during metabolic stress (2011)

Mammalian brain connectivity requires the coordinated production and migration of billions of neurons and the formation of axons and dendrites. The LKB1/Par4 kinase is required for axon formation during cortical development in vivo partially through its ability to activate SAD-A/B kinases. LKB1 is a master kinase phosphorylating and activating at least 11 other serine/threonine kinases including the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which defines this branch of the kinome. A recent study using a gene-trap allele of the β1 regulatory subunit of AMPK suggested that AMPK catalytic activity is required for proper brain development including neurogenesis and neuronal survival. We used a genetic loss-of-function approach producing AMPKα1/α2-null cortical neurons to demonstrate that AMPK catalytic activity is not required for cortical neurogenesis, neuronal migration, polarization, or survival. However, we found that application of metformin or AICAR, potent AMPK activators, inhibit axogenesis and axon growth in an AMPK-dependent manner. We show that inhibition of axon growth mediated by AMPK overactivation requires TSC1/2-mediated inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that AMPK catalytic activity is not required for early neural development in vivo but its overactivation during metabolic stress impairs neuronal polarization in a mTOR-dependent manner.
1.3 μm 35 km fibre-optic microwave multicarrier transmission system for satellite Earth stations (1987)

A field experiment that transmits the full bandwidth of C-band satellite downlink signals over 35 km of 1.3 μm single-mode fibre was demonstrated. Analytical results of the fibre-optic link match well with the measured data.
BiCMOS circuit technology for a high-speed SRAM (1988)

BiCMOS circuit technology for a high-speed and large-capacity ECL-compatible static RAM (SRAM) is described. To obtain high-speed and low-power operation, a decoder with a pre-main decode configuration having an ECL-interface circuit and a word driver with BiCMOS inverter are proposed. A BiCMOS multiplexer with a single emitter-follower driver is also proposed. An optimization method for memory cell array configuration is presented that minimizes the total delay time and the total power dissipation of SRAMs. Circuit simulation results show that a 64-kbit ECL-compatible SRAM with an access time of less than 7 ns and a power dissipation of less than 1 W is obtainable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of the Laboratory in Diagnosis of Influenza during Seasonal Epidemics and Potential Pandemics (2006)

Laboratory diagnosis of influenza is critical to its treatment and surveillance. With the emergence of novel and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, the role of the laboratory has been further extended to include isolation and subtyping of the virus to monitor its appearance and facilitate appropriate vaccine development. Recent progress in enhancing testing for influenza promises to both improve the management of patients with influenza and decrease associated health care costs. The present review covers the technological characteristics and utilization features of currently available diagnostic tests, the factors that influence the selection of such tests, and the developments that are essential for pandemic preparedness.
Development and Applications of Nanowire Nanophotonics (2006)

Abstract : The controlled and predictable synthesis of nanowires and nanowire heterostructures that serve as the basic nanoscale building blocks for photonic devices has been carried out. Nanocluster catalyzed growth was used to prepare gallium nitride based nanowire materials, including radial nanowire heterostructures in which the composition and/or doping was modulated perpendicular to the axis of a nanowire. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the detailed structure and composition of nanowires down to the atomic level, and demonstrate that desired nanowire structure could be made in a controlled manner. In addition, the critical optical and optoelectronic properties of the nanowire and nanowire heterostructure building blocks, and their behavior as photonic device elements, including nanoscale light-emitting diodes, lasers and avalanche photodiodes were characterized. Photoluminescence studies showed that at the single nanowire level that nanowires exhibit emission colors that were tuned specifically by the composition of the nanowires. Nanolithography was also used to make electrical contacts to nanowire structures and use combined optical microscopy and electrical transport measurements to demonstrate the successful demonstration of the first multi-color nanoscale light-emitting diodes, the first nanowire electrical injection laser, and the first nanowire avalanche photodiode detector.
Early Neurodegeneration in the Brain of a Child Without Functional PKR-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (2015)

We report the first detailed examination of the brain of a patient with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. Wolcott-Rallison syndrome is an extremely rare clinical manifestation of a lack of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) function caused by mutations in the PERK gene EIF2AK3. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase is thought to play a significant pathogenetic role in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, other tauopathies, and Parkinson disease. The brain of a male patient aged 4 years 7 months showed pathologic and immunohistochemical evidence that the absence of PERK for several years is sufficient to induce early changes reminiscent of various neurodegenerative conditions. These include neurofibrillary tangles (as in progressive supranuclear palsy), FUS-immunopositive and p62-immunopositive neurons, and reactive glial changes. We also detected an increased amount of p62-positive puncta coimmunostaining for LC3 and ubiquitin, suggesting changes in autophagic flux. Studying a human brain with absent PERK function presents the opportunity to assess the long-term consequences of nonfunctioning of PERK in the presence of all of the compensatory mechanisms that are normally active in a living human, thereby confirming the importance of PERK for autophagy in the brain and for neurodegeneration.
Reversal of neurochemical changes and pain-related behavior in a model of neuropathic pain using modified lentiviral vectors expressing GDNF (2006)

In this study, we evaluated the possible use of lentiviral vectors in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We chose to administer GDNF-expressing vectors because of the known beneficial effect of this trophic factor in alleviation of neuropathic pain in adult rodents. Lentiviral vectors expressing either GDNF or control, green fluorescent protein or beta-galactosidase, were injected unilaterally into the spinal dorsal horn 5 weeks before a spinal nerve ligation was induced (or sham surgery for the controls). We observed that intraspinally administered lentiviral vectors resulted in a large and sustained expression of transgenes in both neurons and glial cells. Injection of GDNF-expressing viral vectors induced a significant reduction of ATF-3 up-regulation and IB4 down-regulation in damaged DRG neurons. In addition, it produced a partial but significant reversal of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia observed following the spinal nerve ligation. In conclusion, our study suggests that lentiviral vectors are efficient tools to induce a marked and sustained expression of trophic factors in specific areas of the CNS and can, even if with some limitations, be efficient in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Visual Search at Pinterest (2015)

We demonstrate that, with the availability of distributed computation platforms such as Amazon Web Services and open-source tools, it is possible for a small engineering team to build, launch and maintain a cost-effective, large-scale visual search system. We also demonstrate, through a comprehensive set of live experiments at Pinterest, that content recommendation powered by visual search improves user engagement. By sharing our implementation details and learnings from launching a commercial visual search engine from scratch, we hope visual search becomes more widely incorporated into today's commercial applications.