gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video Captioning with Tube Features (2018)

Visual feature plays an important role in the video captioning task. Considering that the video content is mainly composed of the activities of salient objects, it has restricted the caption quality of current approaches which just focus on global frame features while paying less attention to the salient objects. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we design an object-aware feature for video captioning, denoted as tube feature. Firstly, Faster-RCNN is employed to extract object regions in frames, and a tube generation method is developed to connect the regions from different frames but belonging to the same object. After that, an encoder-decoder architecture is constructed for video caption generation. Specifically, the encoder is a bi-directional LSTM, which is utilized to capture the dynamic information of each tube. The decoder is a single LSTM extended with an attention model, which enables our approach to adaptively attend to the most correlated tubes when generating the caption. We evaluate our approach on two benchmark datasets: MSVD and Charades. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of tube feature in the video captioning task.
Radiofrequency treatment of nasal posterior-under nerve, ethmoidal nerve and infraturbinal for perennial allergic rhinitis under nasal endoscope (2005)

To study a new method for perennial allergic rhinitis(PAR). 80 cases of PAR randomly divided into 2 groups receive: observation group 40 cases treated with nasal posterior-under nerve, ethmoidal nerve and infraturbinal radiofrequency under nasal endoscope; control group 40 cases treated with sphenopalatine nerves radiofrequency under nasal endoscope. All the cases were follow-up half year postoperatively, The total effective rate was 100% in observation group(excellent 90%)and 67.5% in control group (excellent 25%). There was significant difference (P0.01) between the group in efficacy. The complicatiom was not observed in observation group and massive intraoperation hemorrhage (n=3) was observed in control group. [Conclusions] The method that is treating PAR with nasal posterior-under nerve, ethmoidal nerve and infraturbinal radiofrequency under nasal endoscope is highly effective, easy to perform and few complications, so it is a good way to treat PAR.
Molecular weight of the DNA in the chromosomes of E. coli and B. subtilis. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Photoacoustic tomography of small animal brain with a curved array transducer (2009)

We present the application of a curved array photoacoustic tomographic imaging system that can provide rapid, high-resolution photoacoustic imaging of small animal brains. The system is optimized to produce a B-mode, 90-deg field-of-view image at sub-200-microm resolution at a frame rate of approximately 1 frame/second when a 10-Hz pulse repetition rate laser is employed. By rotating samples, a complete 360-deg scan can be achieved within 15 s. In previous work, two-dimensional (2-D) ex vivo mouse brain cortex imaging has been reported. We report three-dimensional (3-D) small animal brain imaging obtained with the curved array system. The results are presented as a series of 2-D cross-sectional images. Besides structural imaging, the blood oxygen saturation of the animal brain cortex is also measured in vivo. In addition, the system can measure the time-resolved relative changes in blood oxygen saturation level in the small animal brain cortex. Last, ultrasonic gel coupling, instead of the previously adopted water coupling, is conveniently used in near-real-time 2-D imaging.
Lowering the Error Floor of LDPC Codes Using Cyclic Liftings (2011)

Cyclic liftings are proposed to lower the error floor of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The liftings are designed to eliminate dominant trapping sets of the base code by removing the short cycles which are part of the trapping sets. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the cyclic permutations assigned to the edges of a cycle ξ of length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> (ξ) in the base graph such that the inverse image of ξ in the lifted graph consists of only cycles of length strictly larger than <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> (ξ). The proposed method is universal in the sense that it can be applied to any LDPC code over any channel and for any iterative decoding algorithm. It also preserves important properties of the base code such as degree distributions, and in some cases, the code rate. The constructed codes are quasi-cyclic and thus attractive from a practical point of view. The proposed method is applied to both structured and random codes over the binary symmetric channel (BSC). The error floor improves consistently by increasing the lifting degree, and the results show significant improvements in the error floor compared to the base code, a random code of the same degree distribution and block length, and a random lifting of the same degree. Similar improvements are also observed when the codes designed for the BSC are applied to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Leveraged current mirror op amp (2003)

A small change to the standard current mirror op amp configuration is shown to improve performance, with few, if any, disadvantages. Adding a pair of fixed current sources allows reduced operating-point current in the output stage, while the resulting "leveraging" effect increases slew rate. For equal total power dissipation, the new configuration improves DC gain and gain-bandwidth (GBW) over conventional current-mirror and folded cascode op amps, as shown by hand analyses and SPICE simulations. Also, because of increased input stage transconductance, the new configuration reduces thermal and flicker noise.
Object oriented analysis (2008)

Object Oriented (OO) programming has been a staple of program design and implementation prompted by the rise of languages such as Java and C++. The use of Object Orientation in systems analysis can push back the use of OO to an earlier stage of project development. Using OO in analysis can lead seamlessly through the entire process from system analysis and system design into individual class designs and programming. This workshop will focus on OO Analysis from the first stages of context boundary drawing through candidate class selections, attribute identification and candidate method definition.
Seismic and sonic wave attenuation of carbonate rocks in an onshore Abu Dhabi oil field (2016)

Obtaining reliable attenuation values in highly heterogeneous carbonate rocks developed in Abu Dhabi oil fields is important to characterize their reservoir properties. In this study, we estimated seismic wave attenuation from first arrival waveforms of zero-offset Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data by using recently developed method based on combination of seismic interferometry (SI) and modified median frequency shift (MMFS) methods. The results show that the total P-wave attenuation (1/Q) varies between 0.01 and 0.25, with significant contribution of scattering, which is due to highly heterogeneous media. Furthermore, we estimated the P- and S-wave attenuation from monopole and two kinds of dipole sonic waveforms by using the MMFS method. The monopole attenuation ranges from 0.032 and 0.052, dipole inline attenuation from 0.048 to 0.092 and dipole offline attenuation from 0.06 to 0.106. Our sonic attenuation results are compared and correlated with other petrophysical parameters, allowing us to discuss possible attenuation mechanisms for obtained attenuation results. We also demonstrated that the S-wave attenuation anisotropy is sensitive indicator of the high density of fractures. Presentation Date: Monday, October 17, 2016 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 156 Presentation Type: ORAL
Proton NMR of<sup>15</sup>N-Choline Metabolites Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2009)

Chemical shifts of protons can report on metabolic transformations such as the conversion of choline to phosphocholine. To follow such processes in vivo, magnetization can be enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). We have hyperpolarized in this manner nitrogen-15 spins in (15)N-labeled choline up to 3.3% by irradiating the 94 GHz electron spin resonance of admixed TEMPO nitroxide radicals in a magnetic field of 3.35 T during ca. 3 h at 1.2 K. The sample was subsequently transferred to a high-resolution magnet, and the enhanced polarization was converted from (15)N to methyl- and methylene protons, using the small (2,3)J((1)H,(15)N) couplings in choline. The room-temperature lifetime of nitrogen polarization in choline, T(1)((15)N) approximately 200 s, could be considerably increased by partial deuteration of the molecule. This procedure enables studies of choline metabolites in vitro and in vivo using DNP-enhanced proton NMR.
Phenacenes from Diels−Alder Trapping of Photogenerated <i>o</i>-Xylylenols:  Phenanthrenes and Benzo[<i>e</i>]pyrene Bisimide (2006)

[structure: see text] The synthesis of phenanthrene and benzo[e]pyrene bisimides, 1 and 2, was accomplished via the Diels-Alder trapping of sterically congested o-xylylenols photochemically generated from 3,6-dibenzoyl-o-xylene and 1,4-dibenzoyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene, respectively. Absorption and emission from 2 are red-shifted from 1 and unsubstituted benzo[e]pyrene. The fluorescence quantum yield for 2 is an order of magnitude lower than that of 1 and comparable to that of the parent benzo[e]pyrene.
The Kinesio Taping Method for Myofascial Pain Control (2015)

Many people continue suffering from myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) defined as a regional pain syndrome characterized by muscle pain caused by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) clinically. Muscle spasm and block of blood circulation can be noticed in the taut bands. In the MTrP region, nociceptors can be sensitized by the peripheral inflammatory factors and contracture of fascia can also be induced. Traditional treatments of MPS include stretching therapy, thermal treatment, electrical stimulation, massage, manipulation, trigger points injection, acupuncture, and medicine. However, the pain syndrome may not be relieved even under multiple therapies. Recently, the Kinesio Taping (KT) method is popularly used in sports injuries, postoperative complications, and various pain problems, but little research is focused on MPS with KT method. In this paper, we review the research studies on the application to KT in treating MPS and other related issues. It appears that the KT application can elevate the subcutaneous space and then increase the blood circulation and lymph fluid drainage to reduce the chemical factors around the MTrP region. Therefore, it is suggested that KT method can be used as a regular treatment or added to the previous treatment for myofascial pain.
Supramolecular organization of photosystem II and its light‐harvesting antenna in partially solubilized photosystem II membranes (1999)

We present an extended analysis of the organization of green plant photosystem II and its associated light-harvesting antenna using electron microscopy and image analysis. The analysis is based on a large dataset of 16 600 projections of negatively stained PSII-LHCII supercomplexes and megacomplexes prepared by means of three different pretreatments. In addition to our previous work on this system [Boekema, E.J., van Roon, H., Calkoen, F., Bassi, R. and Dekker, J.P. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 2233-2239], the following results were obtained. The rotational orientation of trimeric LHCII at the S, M and L binding positions was determined. It was found that compared to the S trimer, the M and L trimers are rotationally shifted by about -20 degrees and -50 degrees, respectively. The number of projections with empty CP29, CP26 and CP24 binding sites was found to be about 0, 18 and 4%, respectively. We suggest that CP26 and CP24 are not required for the binding of trimeric LHCII at any of the three binding positions. A new type of megacomplex was observed with a characteristic windmill-like shape. This type III megacomplex consists of two C2S2 supercomplexes connected at their CP26 tips. Structural variation in the region of the central dimeric photosystem II complex was found to occur at one specific position near the periphery of the complex. We attribute this variation to the partial absence of an extrinsic polypeptide or one or more small intrinsic membrane proteins.
Impact of Medication Adherence on Hospitalization Risk and Healthcare Cost (2005)

For some chronic conditions, increased drug utilization can provide a net economic return when it is driven by improved adherence with guidelines-based therapy.
Nurse-Staffing Levels and the Quality of Care in Hospitals (2002)

Background It is uncertain whether lower levels of staffing by nurses at hospitals are associated with an increased risk that patients will have complications or die.
Soft Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe-Ceramic Films. (1994)

Fe-M-(O, F) (M=Si, Mg, Y, Zr, Ca, Al) films were prepared by co-sputtering of Fe and ceramic targets. These films have a network-like structure composed of metallic fine grains with a diameter of about 50∼100Å and ceramic-like boundaries. Those films that consist of bcc-Fe grains have soft magnetic properties and low magnetostriction in the as-deposited state. Their permeability has a good frequency response, which seems to be attributable to the reduction of eddy current losses by the highly resistive boundaries.
Spatial polarization wavefront reversal under conditions of four-wave mixing in biochrome films (1987)

Theoretical and experimental investigations were made of the polarization properties of a reversed wave created as a result of four-wave mixing in an isotropic medium with an anisotropic nonlinearity. New conditions were found for complete spatial polarization wavefront reversal which were realized using an anisotropic nonlinearity of biochrome films based on bacteriorhodopsin.
Novel set of vectorcardiographic parameters for the identification of ischemic patients (2012)

New signal processing techniques have enabled the use of the vectorcardiogram (VCG) for the detection of cardiac ischemia. Thus, we studied this signal during ventricular depolarization in 80 ischemic patients, before undergoing angioplasty, and 52 healthy subjects with the objective of evaluating the vectorcardiographic difference between both groups so leading to their subsequent classification. For that matter, seven QRS-loop parameters were analyzed, i.e.: (a) Maximum Vector Magnitude; (b) Volume; (c) Planar Area; (d) Maximum Distance between Centroid and Loop; (e) Angle between XY and Optimum Plane; (f) Perimeter and, (g) Area-Perimeter Ratio. For comparison, the conventional ST-Vector Magnitude (ST(VM)) was also calculated. Results indicate that several vectorcardiographic parameters show significant differences between healthy and ischemic subjects. The identification of ischemic patients via discriminant analysis using ST(VM) produced 73.2% Sensitivity (Sens) and 73.9% Specificity (Spec). In our study, the QRS-loop parameter with the best global performance was Volume, which achieved Sens=64.5% and Spec=74.6%. However, when all QRS-loop parameters and ST(VM) were combined, we obtained Sens=88.5% and Spec=92.1%. In conclusion, QRS loop parameters can be accepted as a complement to conventional ST(VM) analysis in the identification of ischemic patients.
A Comparison of Geo-Location and Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio (2009)

A comparison is made between the FCC geo-location and spectrum sensing requirements in the TV white space. Background material on propagation models and conversion between electromagnetic field strength and receive power is provided. The geo-location and spectrum sensing requirements are both converted to field strength where they can be compared, and a typical TV broadcast example is provided to allow comparisons in terms of the physical distances of the protection contour, the geo-location contour and the spectrum sensing contour. Observations are made about the FCC tests of the TV white space prototype devices and the interpretation of those results.
Ultrahigh speed nanophotonics (2009)

Quantum dot monolithic mode locked lasers at 40 GHz show ps pulse generation at room and elevated temperatures with minimum jitter of 190 fs. Semiconductor optical amplifiers show cross gain modulation up to 40 GHz.
Anti-fouling magnetic nanoparticles for siRNA delivery (2009)

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), with a diameter of 8 nm, have been coated with two different polymers, i.e. poly(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (P(OEG-A)) and poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) (P(DMAEA)). The polymers were attached to the nanoparticle surface using two different strategies, with the aim of creating an internal layer of P(DMAEA) and an outer shell of P(OEG-A). The subsequent polymer-stabilized IONPs were characterized using ATR, XPS and TGA, proving the presence of polymers on the IONP surfaces with a grafting density ranging from 0.05 to 0.22 chain per nm2. High grafting densities were demonstrated when the two homopolymers were assembled on the surfaces of the IONPs simultaneously. The polymer composition at the surfaces of the IONPs could be controlled by manipulating the feed ratio P(OEG-A)–P(DMAEA) present in solution. These hybrid organic–inorganic particles (70–150 nm) proved to be stable in both water and 50 vol% fetal bovine serum (FBS). In addition, zeta-potential measurements confirmed that P(OEG-A) chains effectively mask the positive charge originating from P(DMAEA) thereby limiting protein adsorption on these particles. Hybrid nanoparticles were exploited for the complexation of siRNA, thereby generating IONP siRNA nano-carriers with anti-fouling P(OEG-A) shells. The transfection efficiency was measured using human neuroblastoma SHEP cells both in the presence and in the absence of a magnetic field in FBS. The transfection efficiency was determined by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the IONP carriers were non-toxic to SHEP cells. In addition, studies on the proton transverse relaxation enhancement properties of these stabilized IONPs indicated high relaxivities (∼160 s−1 per mM of Fe).
Knocking out the<i>MFE-2</i>gene of<i>Candida bombicola</i>leads to improved medium-chain sophorolipid production (2009)

The nonpathogenic yeast Candida bombicola synthesizes sophorolipids. These biosurfactants are composed of the disaccharide sophorose linked to a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid and have potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cleaning industries. In order to expand the range of application, a shift of the fatty acid moiety towards medium-chain lengths would be recommendable. However, the synthesis of medium-chain sophorolipids by C. bombicola is a challenging objective. First of all, these sophorolipids can only be obtained by fermentations on unconventional carbon sources, which often have a toxic effect on the cells. Furthermore, medium-chain substrates are partially metabolized in the beta-oxidation pathway. In order to redirect unconventional substrates towards sophorolipid synthesis, the beta-oxidation pathway was blocked on the genome level by knocking out the multifunctional enzyme type 2 (MFE-2) gene. The total gene sequence of the C. bombicola MFE-2 (6033 bp) was cloned (GenBank accession number EU371724), and the obtained nucleotide sequence was used to construct a knock-out cassette. Several knock-out mutants with the correct geno- and phenotype were evaluated in a fermentation on 1-dodecanol. All mutants showed a 1.7-2.9 times higher production of sophorolipids, indicating that in those strains the substrate is redirected towards the sophorolipid synthesis.
Expression and transgenic studies of the mouse <i>agouti</i> gene provide insight into the mechanisms by which mammalian coat color patterns are generated (1995)

Expression of the agouti gene from two different promoters, one active at the midpoint of the hair cycle and the other specific for the ventrum, is responsible for generating a range of mammalian pigmentation patterns. We demonstrate that in postnatal mice transcripts from both promoters are confined to the dermal papilla of hair follicles, as predicted by classical transplantation experiments. Transcripts from the hair cycle promoter are detected in the embryonic whisker plate but not in other regions of the body before birth, whereas ventral-specific transcripts are detected in the ventral trunk of the embryo as well as ventral whisker plate. To investigate further the embryonic origins of adult pigmentation patterns, we carried out a detailed analysis of agouti expression in the embryo. The ventral-specific agouti isoform is first expressed at E10.5 in neural crest-derived ventral cells of the second branchial arch, in anterior regions of the forelimb buds and in a narrow stripe of ventral mesenchyme. By E14.5 a continuous layer of expression is observed in the upper cells of the dermis, including cells of the developing dermal papillae, and covering the entire ventral surface of the head and trunk and dorsal surfaces of the distal forelimb and hindlimb. This expression pattern reflects the domain of yellow coloration evident in adult animals and suggests that the agouti gene is regulated in part by factors responsible for establishing differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body during embryogenesis. To test the hypothesis that agouti is a paracrine signaling molecule that can influence pigment production by hair follicle melanocytes when expressed by either dermis or epidermis, as suggested by recombination and transplantation experiments, we created transgenic animals in which agouti is expressed in basal cells of the epidermis. These animals display stripes of yellow hairs corresponding to regions of epidermal agouti expression, confirming that agouti signals melanocytes to synthesize yellow pigment and providing direct evidence that it functions in a paracrine manner with a restricted radius of action.
Nematic Liquid Crystal Display With Submillisecond Grayscale Response Time (2013)

A nematic display with three electrodes and double fringing fields is proposed. Both top and bottom substrates have pixel and common electrodes to generate complementary fringing fields for achieving high transmittance. This mode exhibits submillisecond gray-to-gray response time and high contrast ratio. The effect of pixel misalignment on transmittance is discussed.
Characteristics of de novo structural changes in the human genome (2015)

Small insertions and deletions (indels) and large structural variations (SVs) are major contributors to human genetic diversity and disease. However, mutation rates and characteristics of de novo indels and SVs in the general population have remained largely unexplored. We report 332 validated de novo structural changes identified in whole genomes of 250 families, including complex indels, retrotransposon insertions, and interchromosomal events. These data indicate a mutation rate of 2.94 indels (1-20 bp) and 0.16 SVs (>20 bp) per generation. De novo structural changes affect on average 4.1 kbp of genomic sequence and 29 coding bases per generation, which is 91 and 52 times more nucleotides than de novo substitutions, respectively. This contrasts with the equal genomic footprint of inherited SVs and substitutions. An excess of structural changes originated on paternal haplotypes. Additionally, we observed a nonuniform distribution of de novo SVs across offspring. These results reveal the importance of different mutational mechanisms to changes in human genome structure across generations.