gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Similar Turnover and Shedding of the Cellular Prion Protein in Primary Lymphoid and Neuronal Cells (2001)

The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is essential for pathogenesis and transmission of prion diseases. Although prion replication in the brain is accompanied by neurodegeneration, prions multiply efficiently in the lymphoreticular system without any detectable pathology. We have used pulse-chase metabolic radiolabeling experiments to investigate the turnover and processing of PrP(C) in primary cell cultures derived from lymphoid and nervous tissues. Similar kinetics of PrP(C) degradation were observed in these tissues. This indicates that the differences between these two organs with respect to their capacity to replicate prions is not due to differences in the turnover of PrP(C). Substantial amounts of a soluble form of PrP that lacks the glycolipid anchor appeared in the medium of splenocytes and cerebellar granule cells. Soluble PrP was detected in murine and human serum, suggesting that it might be of physiological relevance.
Molecular Complexes of Some Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids with <i>trans</i>-1,4-Dithiane-1,4-dioxide (2002)

Crystallization of carboxylic acids with molecules containing complementary hydrogen bonding groups, e.g., 4,4‘-bipyridine, phenazine, and 2-pyridone, is an active pursuit in crystal engineering. We describe in this paper an addition to this family of spacer ligands, trans-1,4-dithiane-1,4-dioxide 4, a molecule that forms complexes with carboxylic acids via O−H···O and C−H···O hydrogen bonds. Analysis of hydrogen bonding in the molecular complexes of 5-nitrosalicylic acid 6, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid 7, succinic acid 8, and oxalic acid 9 with disulfoxide 4 shows that these crystal structures are stabilized by acid-sulfoxide and sulfoxide-sulfoxide supramolecular synthons XII and XIII. The preference for acid−sulfoxide recognition in crystals is explained through database analysis and energy computation.
Stress in optical waveguides 1: Preforms (1986)

The intrinsic stress properties of GeO2- and F-doped optical fiber preforms have been investigated in detail. The materials were prepared by low-pressure plasma-induced chemical vapor deposition (PCVD), and the dopant concentrations cover the range normally used in optical fiber manufacture (+1% > Δ > −1%). Homogeneously doped preform regions exhibit a constant stress level. This level is exclusively dependent on dopant concentrations. In GeO2-doped silica the stress increases linearly with the dopant concentration. For F-doped silica, however, this dependency is strongly nonlinear. A negative stress difference between undoped PCVD material and the substrate tube material can be explained by the reduced thermal expansion coefficient of PCVD-SiO2 caused by chlorine incorporated during the deposition step. The experiments agree excellently with theoretical predictions based on thermal expansion data.
Signaling and ligand interaction of ILT7: receptor‐mediated regulatory mechanisms for plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2010)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized dendritic cells (DCs) that produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) after Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Human pDCs preferentially express immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT7; LILRA4), which couples with a signaling adapter to activate a prominent immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-mediated signaling pathway. ILT7 protein directly binds to and can be activated by bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2; CD317) protein, the expression of which is found on cells pre-exposed to IFN or on the surface of human cancer cells. The interaction between ILT7 and BST2 functions to assure an appropriate TLR response by pDCs during viral infection and likely participates in pDC-tumor crosstalk. Two opposing modes of receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms work jointly to fine tune the innate immunity of pDCs.
한국인의 가치관 변화 추이 :1979년, 1998년, 및 2010년의 조사 결과 비교 (2010)

이 연구에서는 1979년, 1998년의 가치관 조사에 이어 2010년의 조사 결과를 더함으로써 지난 30년 간 한국인의 가치관이 어떻게 변화해 왔으며, 그 결과 세대 간의 생각의 차이가 어떻게 드러나고 있는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를위해 서울과 전국 6대 광역시 및 경기 시군부에서 20대부터 50대까지의 남녀 각 100명씩 할당 표집 하여 800명에게 개별 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 문항은 1998년 조사 시와 동일한 가치관 21문항(자신과 가족 중심 개인주의, 탈권위주의, 자기주장성, 불확실성 회피, 미래지향성, 남녀평등의식, 및 풍요로운 생활 차원에서 각 3문항씩)과 탈물질주의 측정을 위한 1문항이었다. 분석 결과, 1979년부터 1998년까지의 19년 동안과 마찬가지로 1998년부터 2010년까지의 12년 동안에도 자신과 가족 중심 개인주의와 남녀평등의식이 가장 크게 증가하였다. 탈권위주의와 자기주장성의 일부 문항에서는 후반 12년 간 윗사람에 대한 배려와 겸손의 중요성이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 대체로 급격히 변화하는 가치관들은 초반 19년간은 50대보다 20대가 더 빨리 변화하여 세대차가 크게 증가하는 결과를 가져왔고, 후반 12년간은 대세에 적응하기 위한 50대의 빠른 변화로 인해 세대차가 조금 줄어들었다. 또한, 1998년 조사에서는 IMF직후 물질주의로 약간 후퇴하던 전반적인 경향도 젊은 층이 더 빨랐으나, 2010년에는 여전히 탈물질주의자의 비율은 젊은 층이 더 높지만 젊은 층의 물질주의자 비율이 증가하면서 혼합형이 줄어들었고, 기성세대는 물질주의자의 비율이 감소하면서 혼합형이 증가하여, 결과적으로 세대차가 감소하였다. 2010년 조사에서 새로이 등장한 제는 외국인이라고 하여 특별히 더 친절할 필요는 없다고 생각하는 경향이 증가한 점으로, 다국적 외국인의 수가크게 증가하고 있는 21세기의 새로운 문화 환경을 반영하는 현상이 발견되었다. 30년 간 지속적으로 남녀노소의 과반수 찬성을 얻은 가치 항목들도 소통의 공통기반으로 중요하다는 점을 강조하였다.
Exergy analysis aids equipment design for cryogenic process (1982)

Exergy analysis can be applied to cryogenic process and equipment optimizations by either iterative comparative or analytical approaches. In industrial applications where computer-aided design calculations are prevalent, the exergy function can be programmed as just another variable. Exergy dissipations can be calculated to compare cycle variations or equipment such as distillation columns. In an iterative manner, the cycle is continuously modified and the exergy analysis performed to achieve a lower exergy dissipation. The other approach to exergy analysis is based on analytically describing the exergy loss of the process in terms of its main variables, such as temperature, pressure, composition, etc. The minimum exergy loss is then obtained with respect to the key variable of interest. Analytical applications are presented along with methods for equipment optimization. 16 refs.
Permutation Tests for Multiple Loci Affecting a Quantitative Character (1996)

The problem of detecting minor quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for genetic variation not explained by major QTL is of importance in the complete dissection of quantitative characters. Two extensions of the permutation-based method for estimating empirical threshold values are presented. These methods, the conditional empirical threshold (CET) and the residual empirical threshold (RET), yield critical values that can be used to construct tests for the presence of minor QTL effects while accounting for effects of known major QTL. The CET provides a completely nonparametric test through conditioning on markers linked to major QTL. It allows for general nonadditive interactions among QTL, but its practical application is restricted to regions of the genome that are unlinked to the major QTL. The RET assumes a structural model for the effect of major QTL, and a threshold is constructed using residuals from this structural model. The search space for minor QTL is unrestricted, and RET-based tests may be more powerful than the CET-based test when the structural model is approximately true.
Therapeutic Potential of Neurogenesis for Prevention and Recovery from Alzheimers Disease: Allopregnanolone as a Proof of Concept Neurogenic Agent (2006)

A major challenge not yet addressed by current therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the regeneration of lost neurons and neural circuitry to restore cognitive function. Therapies that lead to cessation of the degenerative process still leave the brain riddled with deteriorated neural circuits and reduced neuron number. The discovery of neurogenesis in the adult brain and the regenerative potential of neural stem cells holds the promise for restoration of neural populations and regeneration of neural circuits necessary for cerebral function. While the regenerative potential of neural stem cells is great, so too is the challenge of delivering neural stem cells to the brain. Basic science analyses and human trials indicate that constituents of microenvironments within the brain determine the neurogenic potential, phenotypic differentiation of neural stem cells and magnitude of the neural stem cell pool. Multiple analyses have documented that dentate neurogenesis is regulated by multiple growth factors which are abundant during development and which dramatically decline with age. While the cause(s) of age-associated decline in neurogenesis remains to be fully determined, loss in growth factors, FGF-2, IGF-1 and VEGF, in the microenvironment of the subgranular zone (SGZ) are prime contributors to the reduced neurogenic potential. The decline in dentate neurogenesis can be observed as early as middle age. In the aged and AD brain, both the pool of neural stem cells and their proliferative potential are markedly diminished. In parallel, the level of potential regenerative factors is diminished in the brains of Alzheimer's patients compared to age-matched controls. Our efforts have been directed towards discovery and development of small, blood brain barrier penetrant molecules to promote endogenous proliferation of neural stem cells within the brain. These endeavors have led to the discovery that the neurosteroid alloprognanolone (APalpha) is a potent and highly efficacious proliferative agent in vitro and in vivo of both rodent and human neural stem cells. Results of our in vitro studies coupled with our more recent analyses in the triple transgenic mouse model of AD suggest that APalpha is a promising strategy for promoting neurogenesis in the aged brain and potentially for restoration of neuronal populations in brains recovering from neurodegenerative disease or injury. A brief overview of issues impacting the therapeutic potential of neurogenesis and the factors used to promote neurogenesis in the aging and degenerating brain is presented. Also included is a review of our current research into the neurogenic potential of the small molecule, blood brain barrier penetrating, neurosteroid allopregnanolone (APalpha).
Secure Partial Reconfiguration of FPGAs (2006)

SRAM FPGAs are vulnerable to security breaches such as bitstream cloning, reverse-engineering, and tampering. Bitstream encryption and authentication are two most effective and practical solutions to improve the security of FPGAs. In this paper, we investigate a method to perform a secure dynamic partial reconfiguration of SRAM FPGAs using embedded processor cores. Two schemes based on hard-wired PowerPC processor core and the MicroBlaze soft processor core have been compared and contrasted in terms of speed and FPGA resource usage. A practical experiment, demonstrating feasibility, performance, and flexibility of both schemes has been conducted using Xilinx ML310 board with Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA.
Further Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Methylmalonyl‐CoA Mutase by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies (1997)

Novel analogues of methylmalonyl‐CoA and succinyl‐CoA have been prepared and used for mechanistic investigations on the coenzyme‐B 12 ‐dependent methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase. 1‐Carboxyethyl‐CoA ( 1 ) and 2‐carboxyethyl‐CoA ( 2 ) as well as their sulphoxides ( 3 and 4 ) were moderately good inhibitors with K i values 4–20 times higher than the K m for succinyl‐CoA. 2‐Carboxyethyl‐CoA ( 2 ) and its sulphoxide 4 induced EPR signals when bound to the enzyme–coenzyme‐B 12 complex. The EPR spectrum of 2 and its sulphoxide 4 differed very much from those induced by the other substrates. In the case of 2 the EPR spectrum of the holoenzyme/inhibitor complex showed the presence of an organic radical coupled to cobal(II)amin. The same experiment with 4 leads to the formation of enzyme‐bound cobal(II)amin with no detectable organic radical. The analogues 1 and 3 exhibited higher K i values and did not induce EPR signals binding to the enzyme‐coenzyme‐B 12 complex. Formyl‐CoA and acrylate inhibited the enzyme synergistically but were unable to induce EPR signals and to form the product. Ethylmalonyl‐CoA, known as a poor substrate, induced a similar but less intense EPR signal than the natural substrate methylmalonyl‐CoA. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of the methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase reaction.
Psychiatric nursing and the Internet (1998)

Ben Davidsonexplains the Net from a group-analytic point of view and argues that the communication dynamics of the medium are similar to those of any large group
Complications of Lumbar Disc Surgery (1995)

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Alliant Health System, Suite 1102, 210 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202
Behandlung peripherer arterieller Thrombembolien durch ein neuartiges perkutanes mechanisches Thrombektomiesystem (2001)

Percutaneous treatment with the thrombectomy device is a feasible option in a small group of patients with thromboembolic occlusions of the peripheral arteries. Often additional treatment is necessary. The major indication seems to be acute thrombosis. The procedure is easy and safe to apply.
A second-order-residual (SOR) coding approach to high-bit-rate video compression (2009)

A novel video compression scheme that exploits the idea of second-order-residual (SOR) coding is proposed for high-bit-rate video applications in this work. We first study the limitation of today's high performance video coding standard, H.264/AVC, and show that it is not effective in the coding of small image features and variations for high-bit-rate video contents. For low to medium quality video streams, these small image features can be removed by the quantization process. However, when the quantization stepsize becomes small in high-bit-rate video, their existence degrades the rate-distortion coding performance significantly. To address this problem, we propose a coding scheme that decomposes the residual signals into two layers: the first-order-residual (FOR) and the second-order-residual (SOR). The FOR contains low frequency residuals while the SOR contains the high frequency residuals. We adopt the H.264/AVC for the FOR coding and propose two schemes, called SOR-freq and SOR-bp, for the SOR coding. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed FOR/SOR scheme outperforms H.264/AVC by a significant margin (with about 20% bit rate saving) in high-bit-rate video.
Conclusion (2003)

In a context of continuing nationalist conflict in a post-Good Friday Agreement (GFA) era, a challenge for Ulster evangelicals is how can they live up to their calling to be ‘Bible people’ and ‘Gospel people’. This will entail achieving a healthy balance of ‘distance’ and ‘belonging’ at three levels—political, theological, and relational. At each level, a stark dichotomy is evident between ‘closed’ and ‘open’ evangelicalism. The main reason for this is that closed evangelicalism has substituted nationalism as its core belief system and used religion to reinforce and justify nationalist objectives. However, while traditional ‘closed’ evangelical ideology historically has been the glue holding unionism together, the emerging presence from ‘within the camp’ of open evangelicalism may be the source of one of its most profound critiques.
Accurate PMD Measurements Using OSA and Polarization Scrambling (2007)

Here we report on novel method of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) measurements using the wavelength- scanning fixed-analyzer method (WSFA) with polarization scrambling at the input and output of a test fiber. Accurate equations relating the magnitude of the derivative of the transmitted spectrum through polarizer to the magnitude of the polarization dispersion vector are derived. These equations are used to simulate measurement setup and compare results with the reference Jones matrix eigenanalysis method. The accuracy of novel method is examined as a function of the number of averaging measurements using Monte Carlo simulations. The accuracy improves as square root of the number of measurements, thereby enabling accurate measurements of not only mean PMD but also DGD spectrum of a tested fiber, which was not possible using traditional extrema counting method.
Namibian Chewing Stick, <i>Diospyros lycioides</i>, Contains Antibacterial Compounds against Oral Pathogens (2000)

The twigs of Diospyros lycioides, a plant commonly known as "muthala", are frequently used as chewing sticks for the cleaning of teeth by rural and urban people in Namibia. Preliminary studies showed that a methanol extract of D. lycioides inhibited growth of selected oral pathogens. Subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four novel bioactive naphthalene glycosides, diospyrosides A, B, C, and D (1-4), and two known bioactive naphthoquinones, juglone (5) and 7-methyljuglone (6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds inhibited the growth of oral cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis) and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 1.25 mg/mL. Juglone exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity among these compounds.
Primary cerebral neuroblastoma: a case treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. (2004)

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. A wide variety of tumor locations and clinical presentations have been described. However, neuroblastoma is rarely located in the central nervous system, except in the case of esthesioneuroblastoma. We report a child with primary central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma who admitted to the hospital in coma. The tumor could be partially removed in our patient. After surgery, we treated the patient successfully with combined radiotherapy and eight courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Our patient was followed-up for 34 months without any evidence of relapse.
Paper Session III-A - NASA Technology Provided Alternative Water Purification Method for Domestic Use (1995)

A need for a simple and effective method of providing biologically safe potable water on the Shuttle Program resulted in the development of the Microbial Check Valve (MCV®1 ). Subsequently, the need for extended duration potable water microbiological treatment on the proposed International Space Station required the development of the Regenerable Microbial Check Valve (RMCV). This paper will describe the technology relating to this development and discuss the commercial potential of the devices. The MCV® is a flow through canister containing iodinated ion exchange resin. It provides a means to disinfect the Space Shuttle fuel cell produced water prior to its stowage and use as drinking water. The MCV® produces a significant contact kill of a broad variety of microorganisms and additionally provides a controlled release of biocidal concentrations of elemental iodine into the flowing water stream. Similar devices are used as bacterial filters to prevent back contamination of the water supply when cooling water is supplied to the Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMU) used by astronauts during spacewalks. The patented RMCV provides for in situ replenishment of the iodine in the resin bed. This will make the RMCV useful for protracted use in the International Space Station when extended space occupancy is planned. The basic MCV® technology is currently being applied in terrestrial water purification systems ranging in size from portable travel filters and countertop units for home use to 15 gpm units for schools, hospitals, and other community facilities in third world nations. The RMCV with its improved cost effectiveness is being developed for significantly larger applications up to small city size. The development of the MCV® and RMCV technology are examples of how a space flight need has led to the development of technology that has commercial terrestrial applications. The technology developed in this instance provides for a simple, effective and reliable means of providing microbially safe drinking water in a variety of applications.
Stroke Rehabilitation (1986)

The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three exercise therapy approaches. Three groups of adult stroke patients (N = 131) participated in the study. The first group received conventional treatment that consisted of traditional exercises and functional activities. The treatment of the second group was based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. The third group was treated using the Bobath approach. The improvement of each patient was evaluated after six weeks of treatment in terms of functional gains in activities of daily living as measured using the Barthel index, changes in the muscle tone of the involved limbs as measured using a five-point ordinal scale, changes in the isolated motor control of the ankle and wrist as measured by tests of muscle strength and range of motion, and changes in the patients' ambulatory status as measured using a nominal scale of four categories. The therapeutic effects of exercise according to each of the three approaches were compared using descriptive and nonparametric statistical methods. No substantial advantage could be attributed to any one of the three therapeutic approaches.
Effects of age on pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity measured by magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

Normal aging is associated with a decline in pulmonary function and efficiency of gas exchange, although the effects on the spatial distribution of pulmonary perfusion are poorly understood. We hypothesized that spatial pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity would increase with increasing age. Fifty-six healthy, nonsmoking subjects (ages 21-76 yr) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL) using a Vision 1.5-T whole body scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany). ASL uses a magnetically tagged bolus to generate perfusion maps where signal intensity is proportional to regional pulmonary perfusion. The spatial heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow was quantified by the relative dispersion (RD = SD/mean, a global index of heterogeneity) of signal intensity for voxels within the right lung and by the fractal dimension (D(s)). There were no significant sex differences for RD (P = 0.81) or D(s) (P = 0.43) when age was considered as a covariate. RD increased significantly with increasing age by approximately 0.1/decade until age 50-59 yr, and there was a significant positive relationship between RD and age (R = 0.48, P < 0.0005) and height (R = 0.39, P < 0.01), but not body mass index (R = 0.07, P = 0.67). Age and height combined in a multiple regression were significantly related to RD (R = 0.66, P < 0.0001). There was no significant relationship between RD and spirometry or arterial oxygen saturation. D(s) was not related to age, height, spirometry, or arterial oxygen saturation. The lack of relationship between age and D(s) argues against an intrinsic alteration in the pulmonary vascular branching with age as being responsible for the observed increase in global spatial perfusion heterogeneity measured by the RD.