gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Alternating Electric Fields Therapy (NovoTTF Therapy) for the Treatment of Malignant Glioma (2016)

As with many cancer treatments, tumor treating fields (TTFields) target rapidly dividing tumor cells. During mitosis, TTFields-exposed cells exhibit uncontrolled membrane blebbing at the onset of anaphase, resulting in aberrant mitotic exit. Based on these criteria, at least two protein complexes have been proposed as TTFields' molecular targets, including α/β-tubulin and the septin 2, 6, 7 heterotrimer. After aberrant mitotic exit, cells exhibited abnormal nuclei and signs of cellular stress, including decreased cellular proliferation and p53 dependence, and exhibit the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death, suggesting that TTFields treatment may induce an antitumor immune response. Clinical trials lead to Food and Drug Administration approval for their treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Detailed modeling of TTFields within the brain suggests that the location of the tumor may affect treatment efficacy. These observations have a profound impact on the use of TTFields in the clinic, including what co-therapies may be best applied to boost its efficacy.
Diabetes and Herbal (Botanical) Medicine (2011)

Patients may choose to supplement their pharmacological regimen with dietary supplementation in many forms, for example, vitamin and/or mineral mixtures, but the most popular supplements taken by the patients are those considered to be from natural products, that is, herbal or botanical sources. Unfortunately, considerable controversy exists regarding the efficacy of dietary supplements in general and of botanical supplements, particularly regarding pathophysiological factors related to the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. The controversy exists because reported efficacy data for many of the natural products are only in the form of uncontrolled studies and anecdotal reports. Poor quality control measures may also cause inconsistent effects for certain natural products. Currently, there is a paucity of consistent and reproducible efficacy data in humans to suggest any recommendations for most botanical or bioactive supplements as adjunct treatments for risk factors related to metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Firm recommendations for general use would also require an understanding of the mechanism of action, which is not known for most botanicals.
Metal(II) 4,4′,4″,4′″‐phthalocyanine tetramines as curing agents for heat resistant epoxy formulations (1983)

Abstract Pure metal(II) 4,4′,4″,4′″‐phthalocyanine tetraamines (MPTA) have been used to cure epoxy resins in a homogeneous reaction. Infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analytical studies were used to characterize these materials and to evaluate the optimum curing conditions. Considerable improvement in the heat resistance of the epoxy resin cured with MPTA over those cured with other commonly used curing agents was observed. This was expected from the highly aromatic structure of the phthalocyanines. A noteworthy feature of these cured materials is their high anaerobic char yield, 73.5–75%, higher than in any heretofore known cured epoxy systems. Preliminary mass spectral studies on the cured polymers are presented.
Design and implementation of an animation system using deductive object-oriented programming (2002)

In recent years, computer animation systems are used for many purposes such as computer aided instruction (CAI) and presentation. In conventional animation development systems, though developers of such animations are usually not experts on computer hardware/software systems, they are required to have a high capability to describe program codes, and therefore it is not easy for them to create attractive contents. In order to support easy animation development, we consider that it is important to separate scenarios from programs. Based on this observation we have designed and implemented an animation development system where scenarios are described separately from programs and managed in a knowledge-base system. In this system, scenarios described in a natural language are converted into schedule data for an animation using an inference engine included in the knowledge-base system, and consequently users can develop animations easily.
Iterative correction of beam hardening artifacts in CT (2011)

We show that even without prior knowledge about materials or spectrum, effective beam hardening correction can be obtained.
expect; Scripts for Controlling Interactive Processes (1991)

: Contemporary shells provide minimal control (starting, stopping, etc) over programs, leaving interaction up to users. This means that you cannot run some programs non-interactively, such as passwd. Some programs can be run noninteractively but only with a loss of flexibility, such as fsck. This is where the toolbuilding philosophy of UNIX begins to break down. expect crosses this line, solving a number of long-standing problems in the UNIX environment. expect uses Tcl as a language core. In addition, expect can use any UNIX program whether or not it is interactive. The result is a classic example of a little language synergistically generating large power when combined with the rest of the UNIX workbench. Previous papers have described the implementation of expect and compared it to other tools. This paper concentrates on the language, primarily by presenting a variety of scripts. Several scripts demonstrate brand-new features of expect. Keywords: expect; interaction; POSIX; progra...
Chain-substituted lipids in monomolecular films. The effect of polar substituents on molecular packing (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChain-substituted lipids in monomolecular films. The effect of polar substituents on molecular packingF. M. Menger, S. D. Richardson, M. G. Wood Jr., and M. J. SherrodCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 3, 833–838Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00087a043https://doi.org/10.1021/la00087a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed authentication for peer-to-peer networks (2003)

A public key infrastructure is generally (and effectively) used for cryptographically secure authentication in networks. Ad-hoc networks are formed in a haphazard manner. Security services for ad-hoc networks cannot assume the existence of a particular infrastructure. Peer-to-peer technology is promising in addressing security issues in ad-hoc networks. We provide a novel; cryptographically secure representation of trust based on secure groups - troupes. We show how troupes can be constructed in a distributed manner using RSA accumulators. Troupe-membership is verified using the zero-knowledge protocol of modular exponentiation. Each node in a group has an identity within a group, but it is not required to reveal the identity during verification. This trust model is not centrally controlled and can be deployed incrementally in the network. This paper presents protocols and a prototype implementation of the troup based authentication system.
Pediatric Phase I Trial Design Using Maximum Target Inhibition as the Primary Endpoint (2010)

The extent to which a drug inhibits a target responsible for a therapeutic effect is a more rational primary endpoint for dose-finding studies of more selective anticancer drugs than the conventional endpoint of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) used for cytotoxic agents. An adaptive phase I trial design incorporating maximum target inhibition as the primary endpoint was developed to define the optimal dose of talabostat, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) inhibitor, in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. The relationship between dose and effect (percent inhibition of serum DPP-4) was assessed using a maximum effect model. Maximum target inhibition was defined as greater than 90% DPP-4 inhibition in five or more of six patients 24 hours post-dose. If DLT was to occur, the trial would adapt to a traditional phase I design with a more conservative dose escalation. At the 600 microg/m(2) dose level, serum DPP-4 inhibition at 24 hours was 85%. No talabostat-related DLT occurred. The maximum effect model predicted that 1200 microg/m(2) of talabostat would maximally inhibit DPP-4. This adaptive trial design appears to be feasible, safe, and efficient and warrants further evaluation for development of molecularly targeted agents.
Laser Microdissection Separation of Pure Spermatozoa from Epithelial Cells for Short Tandem Repeat Analysis<sup>*</sup> (2006)

Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is a valuable tool in identifying the source of biological stains, particularly from the investigation of sexual assault crimes. Difficulties in analysis arise primarily in the interpretation of mixed genotypes when cell separation of the sexual assailant's sperm from the victim's cells is incomplete. The forensic community continues to seek improvements in cell separation methods from mixtures for DNA typing. The feasibility of applying laser microdissection (LMD) technology to precisely separate sexual assault cell mixtures by visual inspection coupled with laser dissection was assessed through three experiments. First, various histological stains were evaluated for use with LMD and DNA analysis. Second, different DNA isolation methods were evaluated on LMD-collected cells. Finally, STR analysis was performed on LMD-separated sperm cells from mixtures of semen and female buccal epithelial cells. The results indicated (a) hematoxylin/eosin staining performed best in its ability to differentiate sperm and epithelial cells while exhibiting the least negative effect on further downstream analysis; (b) both QIAamp and Lyse-N-Go methods were useful for recovery of DNA from LMD-collected sperm cells; and (c) LMD separation provided clear STR profiles of the male donor with the absence of any additional alleles from the female donor. This report describes an efficient, low-manipulation LMD method for the efficient separation of spermatozoa from two-donor sperm/epithelial cell mixtures.
600V AlGaN/GaN power-HEMT: design, fabrication and demonstration on high voltage DC-DC converter (2004)

A 600 V class AlGaN/GaN power HEMT was designed for high voltage power electronics application such as power supplies and motor drives. The fabricated device was demonstrated in a DC-DC down converter circuit, showing the future possibility of high efficiency and high frequency operations of AlGaN/GaN power HEMTs.
SPEEK/Graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes with superior cyclability for highly efficient vanadium redox flow battery (2014)

Randomly dispersed GO nanosheets in SPEEK can effectively block the crossover of vanadium ions, resulting in superior cyclability of VRFB.
Motion Detection Techniques Using Optical Flow (2009)

Motion detection is very important in image processing. One way of detecting motion is using optical flow. Optical flow cannot be computed locally, since only one independent measurement is available from the image sequence at a point, while the flow velocity has two components. A second constraint is needed. The method used for finding the optical flow in this project is assuming that the apparent velocity of the brightness pattern varies smoothly almost everywhere in the image. This technique is later used in developing software for motion detection which has the capability to carry out four types of motion detection. The motion detection software presented in this project also can highlight motion region, count motion level as well as counting object numbers. Many objects such as vehicles and human from video streams can be recognized by applying optical flow technique.
The EMAPII Cytokine Is Released from the Mammalian Multisynthetase Complex after Cleavage of Its p43/proEMAPII Component (2001)

Endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAPII) is an inflammatory cytokine released under apoptotic conditions. Its proEMAPII precursor proved to be identical to the auxiliary p43 component of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. We show here that the EMAPII domain of p43 is released readily from the complex after in vitro digestion with caspase 7 and is able to induce migration of human mononuclear phagocytes. The N terminus of in vitro-processed EMAPII coincides exactly with that of the mature cytokine isolated from conditioned medium of fibrosarcoma cells. We also show that p43/proEMAPII has a strong tRNA binding capacity (K(D) = 0.2 microm) as compared with its isolated N or C domains (7.5 microm and 40 microm, respectively). The potent general RNA binding capacity ascribed to p43/proEMAPII is lost upon the release of the EMAPII domain. This suggests that after onset of apoptosis, the first consequence of the cleavage of p43 is to limit the availability of tRNA for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases associated within the complex. Translation arrest is accompanied by the release of the EMAPII cytokine that plays a role in the engulfment of apoptotic cells by attracting phagocytes. As a consequence, p43 compares well with a molecular fuse that triggers the irreversible cell growth/cell death transition induced under apoptotic conditions.
Impossibility and universality results for wait-free synchronization (1988)

A Hjait-free implementation of a concurrent data object is one that guarantees that any process can complete any operation in a fmitt number of steps, regardless of the execution speeds of the other processes. 'Rte problem of constructing a waitfree implementation of one data object from another lies at the heart of much recent work in atomic read/write registers, multiprocessor architectures, and concurrent data structures. In the first part of this paper, we introduce a simple and general technique, based on reduction to a consensus protocol, for proving statements of the form "there is no wait-free implementation of X by Y.'* We derive a hierarchy of objects such that no object at one level has a wait-free implementation in terms of objects at lower levels. In particular, we show that atomic read/write registers, which have been the focus of much recent attention, are at tbe bottom of the hierarchy: they cannot be used to construct wait-free implementations of many simple and familiar data types. Moreover, classical synchronization primitives such as test-and-set and fetch-and-add, while more powerful than read and write, are also computationally weak, as are the standard message-passing primitives. Nevertheless, in the second part of the paper, we show that there do exist simple universal objects from which one can construct a wait-free implementation of any sequential object.
Reinforcement Learning Applied to Linear Quadratic Regulation (1992)

Recent research on reinforcement learning has focused on algorithms based on the principles of Dynamic Programming (DP). One of the most promising areas of application for these algorithms is the control of dynamical systems, and some impressive results have been achieved. However, there are significant gaps between practice and theory. In particular, there are no convergence proofs for problems with continuous state and action spaces, or for systems involving non-linear function approximators (such as multilayer perceptrons). This paper presents research applying DP-based reinforcement learning theory to Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR), an important class of control problems involving continuous state and action spaces and requiring a simple type of non-linear function approximator. We describe an algorithm based on Q-learning that is proven to converge to the optimal controller for a large class of LQR problems. We also describe a slightly different algorithm that is...
Design and fabrication of a quasi-ordered nanoporous silicon membrane suitable for thermally induced drug release (2012)

The design and fabrication of an ordered nanoporous silicon membrane and integrated heater and temperature sensor is described. The methodology for fabrication of the nanoporous structure has been developed for integration within microelectromechanical systems. The structure is fabricated from a 500 µm thick silicon (1 0 0) wafer, which has been etched to provide 4 × 4 mm<sup>2</sup> membranes of 50 µm thick. Quasi-ordered nanoporous silicon is created within the membrane, the nanopores are of uniform diameter (typical structures of the order of 105 ±5 nm) and smooth sidewalls to a depth of ~300 nm, in a hexagonal close-packed pattern of 200 nm nearest neighbour. The porosity of typical fabricated samples is 31.5%. On the back side of the membrane, a heater and a temperature sensor are incorporated. Three different heater/temperature sensor designs were considered theoretically and the best design was then fabricated and studied experimentally. The results obtained provide both highly ordered nanoporous silicon fabrication methodology as well as evidence that the porous membrane can be heated without deleterious effect.
Overexpression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Increases Tumor Pericyte Content via Stromal-Derived Factor-1α/CXCR4 Axis (2009)

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a well-characterized growth factor displaying potent biological effects on angiogenesis. Recent studies reveal that overexpression of PDGF-BB within tumors results in increased pericyte coverage, suggesting that PDGF-BB signaling is also essential for the cancerous pericyte recruitment process. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation remains obscure. In the current study, we show that tumor-derived PDGF-BB induces SDF-1alpha expression in endothelial cells (EC), resulting in the formation of SDF-1alpha chemotaxis gradient, which coincides with the PDGF-BB-induced pericyte recruitment during angiogenesis. PDGF-BB dramatically up-regulates SDF-1alpha secretion through the activation of PDGFRbeta in tumor-associated ECs, whereas this up-regulation can be substantially inhibited by either blockade of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway with chemical inhibitors or the inactivation of HIF-1alpha through small interfering RNA interference. On the other hand, we reveal that SDF-1alpha can increase pericytes motility in vitro. Blockade of the SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 axis prevents the PDGF-BB-induced pericyte recruitment not only in three in vitro recruitment models but also in the PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumor xenograft models. These results highlight that the involvement of SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 axis is essential for the pericyte recruitment within the PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors and raise the possibility that blockade of the SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 axis may provide a therapeutic synergy with antiangiogenic molecules that selectively target ECs.
A New and Safe Method to Control the Depth of Endotracheal Intubation in Neonates (1974)

Endotracheal intubation in neonates is usually performed during emergency resuscitation. The most common and most serious complication of endotracheal intubation is placement of the tube in the right main bronchus followed by overventilation of the right lower lobe which is often associated with underventilation and atelectasis of the remainder of the lungs.1 If the inflation of the right lower lobe is excessive then alveolar rupture and interstitial emphysema may follow.2 The present technique of endotracheal intubation is to insert the tube into the trachea and then auscultate over both lung fields. If breath sounds are decreased over one lung field then the tube is slightly withdrawn.
An Efficient Derivation of the Versatile Chiron Antipode 1-<i>tert</i>-Butyldimethylsilylpenta-1,4-diyn-3-ol:  Application to the Synthesis of (15<i>E</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-Duryne (1998)

The title chiron, 1-tert-butyldimethylsilylpenta-1,4-diyn-3-ol (5), an essential segment of various bioactive polyacetylenic alcohols, has been efficiently resolved via a lipase-catalyzed acylation strategy. Lipases from different Pseudomonas species and Candida rugosa (CRL) furnished its (S)-antipode (as esters) with 86-96% ee. However, the (R)-alcohol 5 could be prepared with acceptable enantiomeric purity (93% ee) only using CRL-vinyl acetate-diisopropyl ether as the reagent protocol and under double filtration conditions. The chiron alcohol was then extended to the target compound (15E,R,R)-duryne (I) by its pyranylation, alkylation with the required achiral C(20)-alpha,omega-dibromide 15, and suitable functionalization.
The Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope (1968)

A serious limitation of the field ion microscope has been its inability to identify the chemical nature of the individually imaged atoms. The newly conceived atom-probe FIM is a combination probe-hole FIM and mass spectrometer having single particle sensitivity. During observation, the observer selects an atomic site of interest by placing it over a probe hole in the image screen. Pulsed field evaporation sends the chosen particle through the hole and into the spectrometer section. Preliminary results show that field evaporation of tungsten under poor vacuum conditions occurs as triply or quadruply charged WO, WN, WO2, and WN2 ions, while under better conditions doubly and possibly triply charged tungsten can be observed. Mo–Re alloys always produced doubly charged molybdenum and rhenium ions when examined in the atom-probe. Wide applications for the study of short range order in alloys, the chemical nature of precipitates and impurity atoms, and information regarding the imaging properties of various atom species, of both the substrate and adsorbed material, are foreseen.