gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breed effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and palatability attributes in finishing steers. (2001)

Crossbred steers (n = 136) were used to assess breed differences in growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition (total lipids and phospholipids), and palatability attributes of longissimus muscle. A multiple regression model was applied to crossbreeding data to estimate genetic differences between Simmental and Red Angus at the same level of backfat finish (10 mm). Simmental spent 71 more (P < 0.001) days on feed to acquire the same degree of backfat thickness as Red Angus, had heavier (P < 0.001) slaughter weights, larger (P = 0.002) longissimus muscle area, and increased (P = 0.023) lean yield. Average daily gain did not differ (P = 0.297) between breeds. Simmental were less (P = 0.012) efficient in converting feed to gain than Red Angus. Generally, there were few breed differences in palatability attributes for longissimus and semitendinosus muscles, with the exception of increased (P < 0.05) beef flavor scores for Simmental beef vs Red Angus beef across both muscles. For total lipids, concentrations of myristoleic acid (14:1), palmitoleic acid (16:1), and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7), along with n-6 to n-3 fatty acid (n-6:n-3) ratio, were greater (P < 0.05) in Simmental than Red Angus. In contrast, concentrations of margaric acid (17:0), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) were greater (P < 0.05) in Red Angus than Simmental. For phospholipids, Simmental had lower (P < 0.05) amounts of 20:5n-3, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), and n-3 PUFA, with a greater (P = 0.017) n-6:n-3 ratio. Activity of delta9-desaturase enzyme in the conversion of palmitic acid (16:0) to 16:1 was greater (P = 0.001) in total lipids from Simmental as compared with Red Angus. A genetic basis for fatty acid differences is suggested, although the biological and practical significance needs to be demonstrated.
Baseline antibody profiles predict toxicity in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2018)

Our results provide the first evidence supporting a predisposition to develop severe irAEs upon immune system disinhibition, which requires further independent validation in a clinical trial setting.
The carboxy-terminal transcription enhancement region of the human spumaretrovirus transactivator contains discrete determinants of the activator function (1993)

The bel1 gene of human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) encodes a 300-amino-acid nuclear protein termed Bel1 that is a potent activator of transcription from the cognate long terminal repeat (LTR). Bel1 can also efficiently activate the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) LTR. We have previously shown that the amino-terminal 227-residue region (minimal activator region) of Bel1 can activate the HSRV LTR at low levels and that two distinct domains within the carboxy-terminal 73 residues, from residues 255 to 266 and 272 to 300, that bear little sequence homology can independently enhance the activity of the minimal activator domain (L. K. Venkatesh, C. Yang, P. A. Theodorakis, and G. Chinnadurai, J. Virol. 67:161-169, 1993). We now report on the further characterization of these two transcriptional enhancement regions. Mutational analysis of the region comprising residues 255 to 266 indicates that a cluster of leucine residues is critical to the function of this region. Also, residues 273 to 287, which are identical in sequence to a 15-amino-acid segment near the carboxy terminus of the simian foamy virus transcriptional activator Taf, can independently enhance the activity of the minimal activator region. To delineate the region(s) of Bel1 that could function autonomously as an activator domain, we tested the activity of chimeric proteins comprising either wild-type or functionally defective forms of Bel1 fused to the DNA binding domain, Gal4(1-147), of the yeast transcriptional activator Gal4 on a synthetic promoter comprising Gal4 DNA binding sites linked to the adenovirus E1B TATA box (minimal promoter). Gal4-Bel1 was found to activate basal transcription from the E1B TATA box at least 35-fold, and the region responsible for this activation function was localized to the carboxy-terminal 73 amino acids. When the transcriptional enhancement regions were tested for autonomous activator function as Gal4(1-147) chimeras, residues 272 to 300, but not 255 to 266, were found to activate transcription efficiently when targeted to the E1B TATA motif and also to HSRV and HIV-1 LTRs. The highly conserved region between amino acids 273 and 287 alone was found to activate transcription efficiently when targeted to the HSRV LTR but not to the E1B TATA box or the HIV-1 LTR. Thus, our results demonstrate that the carboxy-terminal 29-amino-acid region (residues 272 to 300) contributes to Bel1 transactivation by functioning as an autonomous activator of TATA motif-directed transcription in a manner similar to that of other modular transcriptional activators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
New neplanocin analogs. 1. Synthesis of 6'-modified neplanocin A derivatives as broad-spectrum antiviral agents (1992)

Novel neplanocin A analogues modified at the 6'-position, i.e., 6'-deoxy analogues (2, 3, 6, 9, 20), 6'-O-methylneplanocin A (15), and 6'-C-methylneplanocin A's (22a and 22b) have been synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activity in a wide variety of DNA and RNA virus systems. These compounds showed an activity spectrum that conforms to that of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors. They were particularly active against pox- (vaccinia), paramyxo-(parainfluenza, measles, respiratory syncytial), arena- (Junin, Tacaribe), rhabdo- (vesicular stomatitis), reo-, and cytomegalovirus. In order of (increasing) antiviral activity, the compounds ranked as follows: 3 less than 15 approximately 20 less than 6 less than 9 approximately 2 less than 22a. Of the two diastereomeric forms of 22, only 22a was active; 22a surpassed neplanocin A both in antiviral potency and selectivity. Compound 22a appears to be a promising candidate drug for the treatment of pox-, paramyxo-, arena-, rhabdo-, reo-, and cytomegalovirus infections.
Influence of Salts on Electrospinning of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Polymer Solutions (2015)

A roller electrospinning system was used to produce nanofibres by using different solution systems. Although the process of electrospinning has been known for over half a century, knowledge about spinning behaviour is still lacking. In this work, we investigated the effects of salt for two solution systems on spinning performance, fibre diameter, and web structure. Polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were used as polymer, and tetraethylammonium bromide and lithium chloride were used as salt. Both polymer and salt concentrations had a noteworthy influence on the spinning performance, morphology, and diameter of the nanofibres. Results indicated that adding salt increased the spinnability of PU. Salt created complex bonding with dimethylformamide solvent and PU polymer. Salt added to PEO solution decreased the spinning performance of fibres while creating thin nanofibres, as explained by the leaky dielectric model.
Improvement in survival in younger patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the 1980s to the early 21st century (2008)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an uncommon but highly fatal disease in adults. We used period analysis to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to disclose changes in outcomes for patients diagnosed with ALL in the United States in the 2 decades between 1980-1984 and 2000-2004. Major improvement in survival was observed for patients less than 60 years of age. Improvement in survival was greater for women than for men, but was significant for both genders. The greatest improvement was seen in patients aged 15 to 19, in whom 5-year relative survival improved from 41.0% to 61.1%, and 10-year survival improved from 33.0% to 60.4%. Lesser but significant improvements were seen for age groups 20-29, 30-44, and 45-59. Survival for patients aged 60 and over remained essentially unchanged at levels around or below 10%, respectively. Survival has improved for patients with ALL over the time period studied, but treatment of older patients remains a difficult issue.
The sequence of the Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome (2001)

The nucleotide sequence of the Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) DNA genome was determined and analysed. The circular genome encompasses 131,403 bp, has a G+C content of 39.1 mol% and contains five homologous regions with a unique pattern of repeats. Computer-assisted analysis revealed 135 putative ORFs of 150 nt or larger; 100 ORFs have homologues in Autographa californica multicapsid NPV (AcMNPV) and a further 15 ORFs have homologues in other baculoviruses such as Lymantria dispar MNPV (LdMNPV), Spodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV) and Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XcGV). Twenty ORFs are unique to HaSNPV without homologues in GenBank. Among the six previously sequenced baculoviruses, AcMNPV, Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV), Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV), SeMNPV, LdMNPV and XcGV, 65 ORFs are conserved and hence are considered as core baculovirus genes. The mean overall amino acid identity of HaSNPV ORFs was the highest with SeMNPV and LdMNPV homologues. Other than three 'baculovirus repeat ORFs' (bro) and two 'inhibitor of apoptosis' (iap) genes, no duplicated ORFs were found. A putative ORF showing similarity to poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (parg) was newly identified. The HaSNPV genome lacks a homologue of the major budded virus (BV) glycoprotein gene, gp64, of AcMNPV, BmNPV and OpMNPV. Instead, a homologue of SeMNPV ORF8, encoding the major BV envelope protein, has been identified. GeneParityPlot analysis suggests that HaSNPV, SeMNPV and LdMNPV (group II) have structural genomic features in common and are distinct from the group I NPVs and from the granuloviruses. Cluster alignment between group I and group II baculoviruses suggests that they have a common ancestor.
E-Park: Automated-Ticketing Parking Meter System (2015)

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New $\frac{3}{4}$-Approximation Algorithms for the Maximum Satisfiability Problem (1994)

Yannakakis recently presented the first $\frac{3}{4}$-approximation algorithm for the Maximum Satisfiability Problem (MAX SAT). His algorithm makes nontrivial use of solutions to maximum flow problems. New, simple $\frac{3}{4}$-approximation algorithms that apply the probabilistic method/randomized rounding to the solution to a linear programming relaxation of MAX SAT are presented. It is shown that although standard randomized rounding does not give a good approximate result, the best solution of the two given by randomized rounding and a well-known algorithm of Johnson is always within $\frac{3}{4}$ of the optimal solution. It is further shown that an unusual twist on randomized rounding also yields 4-approximation algorithms. As a by-product of the analysis, a tight worst-case analysis of the relative duality gap of the linear programming relaxation is obtained.
Vom Vertrauen in den Markt geblendet (2011)

Der Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung beschloss im Oktober 2011 nach zweijährigem Dialogprozess den Deutschen Nachhaltigkeitskodex (DNK). Er gab damit die Empfehlung an die Bundesregierung, sich bei den Unternehmen für eine freiwillige Anwendung des DNK einzusetzen.
A routing mechanism for unstructured peer-to-peer systems based on hop-limited shortest-path trees (2009)

We propose a simple mechanism for supporting routing control in unstructured P2P systems. In the proposal, each node keeps the information on the hop-limited shortest path trees whose roots are located around the neighbor. Here, the hop-limited tree means the one that is made of nodes within a certain number of hops (say n hops) from the root. When a node receives a unicast message, it transmits the message to the upstream neighbor on the shortest-path tree rooted at the message destination only if the destination is located within the n-hop radius. Otherwise, it generates duplicates of the original message and forwards them to downstream neighbors on the shortest-path tree rooted at the message source. The information of upstream and downstream neighbors on the shortest path trees is stored in the message forwarding or the routing tables, which are constructed and updated in a fully distributed fashion. Numerical examples show that our proposal can largely reduce the number of queries generated in a file search.
Magnetic properties of submicron circular permalloy dots (2002)

Both the static and the dynamical magnetic properties of a square array of circular permalloy dots, characterized by a magnetic vortex configuration of the magnetization, have been investigated by means of magneto-optical Kerr effect and Brillouin light scattering (BLS) from thermally excited spin waves. The measured hysteresis loop can be satisfactorily reproduced by micromagnetic simulations, showing that the vortex configuration is stable over a wide range of applied field. The high frequency response of the dots was analyzed by BLS measurements performed under an external magnetic field intensity large enough to uniformly magnetize the dots. Evidence is given of a marked discretization of the spin wave spectrum with respect to the case of the continuous permalloy film, where only one peak, corresponding to the Damon-Eshbach mode, was detected. The experimental frequencies have been compared to those calculated using a recently developed analytical model for a flat uniformly magnetized cylindrical dot.
European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants - 2013 Update (2013)

Despite recent advances in the perinatal management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), controversies still exist. We report updated recommendations of a European Panel of expert neonatologists who developed consensus guidelines after critical examination of the most up-to-date evidence in 2007 and 2010. This second update of the guidelines is based upon published evidence up to the end of 2012. Strong evidence exists for the role of antenatal steroids in RDS prevention, but it is still not clear if the benefit of repeated courses on respiratory outcomes outweighs the risk of adverse outcomes in the short and long term. Many practices involved in preterm neonatal stabilization at birth are not evidence based, including oxygen administration and positive pressure lung inflation, and they may at times be harmful. Surfactant replacement therapy is crucial in the management of RDS but the best preparation, optimal dose and timing of administration at different gestations is not completely clear. In addition, use of very early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has altered the indications for prophylactic surfactant administration. Respiratory support in the form of mechanical ventilation may be lifesaving but can cause lung injury, and protocols should be directed at avoiding mechanical ventilation where possible by using non-invasive respiratory support such as CPAP. For babies with RDS to have best outcomes, it is essential that they have optimal supportive care, including maintenance of normal body temperature, proper fluid management, good nutritional support, appropriate management of the ductus arteriosus and support of the circulation to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.
Haloperidol‐induced morphological alterations are associated with changes in calcium/calmodulin kinase II activity and glutamate immunoreactivity (1994)

Administration of haloperidol for 2 weeks causes an increase within the caudate nucleus of asymmetrical synapses associated with a discontinuous or perforated, postsynaptic density (PSD) [Meshul et al. (1992), Psychopharmacology, 106:45-52; Meshul et al. (1992), Neuropsychopharmacology, 7:285-293]. Coadministration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate noncompetitive antagonist, MK-801, with haloperidol blocked the increase in striatal synapses containing a perforated PSD [Meshul et al. (1994), Brain Res., 648:181-195]. Examination of the caudate using immuno-gold electron microscopy revealed the vast majority (90%) of asymmetrical synapses were labelled with a glutamate antibody [Meshul et al. (1994), Brain Res., 648:181-195]. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any changes in the density of glutamate immunoreactivity within presynaptic terminals of asymmetric synapses within the striatum following treatment with haloperidol for 1 month that would correlate with the previously observed increase in synapses with perforated PSDs. We also determined the activity of striatal calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMK II), an enzyme known to be localized within the synaptic region, after administration of haloperidol. We report here that haloperidol causes an increase in the activity of CaMK II and a decrease in the density of immuno-gold labelling for glutamate within the nerve terminals of asymmetrical synapses containing a perforated or nonperforated PSD. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the haloperidol-induced increase in activity of CaMK II and the increase in glutamate release, as suggested by the decrease in presynaptic glutamate immunoreactivity, may ultimately lead to an increase in the number of synapses displaying a perforated PSD. These results support the speculation that the haloperidol-induced increase in synapses containing a perforated PSD may be associated with enhanced activity at excitatory synapses.
HIV Sequence Compendium 2002 (2002)

This compendium is an annual printed summary of the data contained in the HIV sequence database. In these compendia we try to present a judicious selection of the data in such a way that it is of maximum utility to HIV researchers. Traditionally, we present the sequence data themselves in the form of alignments: Section II, an alignment of a selection of HIV-1/SIVcpz full-length genomes (a lot of LAI-like sequences, for example, have been omitted because they are so similar that they bias the alignment); Section III, a combined HIV-1/HIV-2/SIV whole genome alignment; Sections IV–VI, amino acid alignments for HIV-1/SIV-cpz, HIV-2/SIV, and SIVagm. The HIV-2/SIV and SIVagm amino acid alignments are separate because the genetic distances between these groups are so great that presenting them in one alignment would make it very elongated because of the large number of gaps that have to be inserted. As always, tables with extensive background information gathered from the literature accompany the whole genome alignments. The collection of whole-gene sequences in the database is now large enough that we have abundant representation of most subtypes. For many subtypes, and especially for subtype B, a large number of sequences that span entire genes were not included in the printed alignments to conserve space. A more complete version of all alignments is available on our website, http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/ALIGN_CURRENT/ALIGN-INDEX.html. Importantly, all these alignments have been edited to include only one sequence per person, based on phylogenetic trees that were created for all of them, as well as on the literature. Because of the number of sequences available, we have decided to use a different selection principle this year, based on the epidemiological importance of the subtypes. Subtypes A–D and CRFs 01 and 02 are by far the most widespread variants, and for these (when available) we have included 8–10 representatives in the alignments. The other subtypes and CRFs are of lesser importance, and of these 4–5 each, or as many as are available, were included. In the alignments we have also included the ‘Circulating Recombinant Forms’, mosaic genomes that have epidemiological significance. See the 1999 review of nomenclature (http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/REVIEWS/nomenclature/Nomen.html) for more on CRFs, and see for an overview of the patterns of known CRFs. Amino acid alignment chapters begin with an annotation table that includes sequence names, accession numbers, genomic region represented, author, and references. We have made an effort to bring the HIV-2/SIV and SIVagm alignments up-to-date as well.
Corneal Topography: A review, new ANSI standards and problems to solve (2000)

This review of corneal topography has three sections: 1. a brief introduction to how corneal topography instruments work. A quantitative comparison of the relative accuracy of slope based and position based instruments is presented. 2. a summary of and commentary on the newly issued ANSI standards for corneal topography. 3. an examination of problems still facing corneal topography.
Surface Relief Gratings in Host-Guest Supramolecular Materials (2000)

Surface relief gratings are one of the most promising applications for azobenzene-containing polymers (azo-polymers). Systems investigated to date have contained single-component azo-polymers. The introduction of a liquid-crystal molecule to the system, presented here, gives rise to a striking enhancement of surface relief grating formation, due to the strong molecular cooperativity and increased fluidity.
Cervical cancers diagnosed after negative results on cervical cytology: perspective in the 1980s. (1990)

Interval cancers might comprise a larger proportion of all registered cases of cervical cancer among younger women owing to the larger proportion of such cancers being prevented in this age group. Among women with interval cancer review of the negative slides showed that most were accounted for by suboptimal sampling or by errors of reporting.
ChemInform Abstract: CYANATION USING THE COMBINED REAGENT, TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE‐THIOCYANOGEN (TPPT): A NEW GENERAL ROUTE TO INDOLE AND PYRROLE CARBONITRILES (1980)

Abstract Behandlung der Indole (I) mit TPPT liefert die Cyanide (II).
Miniature integrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) - ultrasound (US) probe for intravascular imaging (2012)

A miniature integrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) - ultrasound (US) probing system for real-time intravascular imaging has been developed. The outer diameter of the integrated probe is 0.69 mm, which is small enough for imaging in human coronary arteries. This probe, which has high resolution and deep tissue penetration, is designed to identify vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries. The first in vivo images of a rabbit abdominal aorta obtained by the integrated OCT-US probe are presented.
AUTOMATION OF LOCOMOTIVE SHUNTING OPERATIONS AT MUSASHINO MARSHALLING YARD (1977)

As part of the virtual complete automation of its new hump classification yard in Tokyo, Japanese National Railways has developed a method of automation for the diesel switching locomotives used for the humping operation. The radio-controlled system for operation of locomotives with hydraulic transmissions under varying loads and with the ability to stop at precise points is discussed.