gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene and Thin-Film Semiconductor Heterojunction Transistors Integrated on Wafer Scale for Low-Power Electronics (2013)

Graphene heterostructures in which graphene is combined with semiconductors or other layered 2D materials are of considerable interest, as a new class of electronic devices has been realized. Here we propose a technology platform based on graphene-thin-film-semiconductor-metal (GSM) junctions, which can be applied to large-scale and power-efficient electronics compatible with a variety of substrates. We demonstrate wafer-scale integration of vertical field-effect transistors (VFETs) based on graphene-In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO)-metal asymmetric junctions on a transparent 150 × 150 mm(2) glass. In this system, a triangular energy barrier between the graphene and metal is designed by selecting a metal with a proper work function. We obtain a maximum current on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff) up to 10(6) with an average of 3010 over 2000 devices under ambient conditions. For low-power logic applications, an inverter that combines complementary n-type (IGZO) and p-type (Ge) devices is demonstrated to operate at a bias of only 0.5 V.
Cluster‐Based Self‐Assembly Route toward MoO<sub>3</sub> Single‐Walled Nanotubes (2009)

Abstract MoO 3 has a unique rigid double‐layer structure, which makes it a real challenge to prepare nanotubular structures. The controlled synthesis of MoO 3 single‐walled nanotubes (SWNTs) is achieved through a cluster‐based self‐assembly route on the dodecanethiol/water interface. Various factors are studied at length, including precursor type, reaction time, temperature, pH value, and their influence on the morphology of products. The concept of “self‐assembly—from simple clusters to nanostructures” is proposed here based on preliminary results from the synthesis of MoO 3 SWNTs, which provides a new aspect for traditional synthetic chemistry of nanomaterials and polyoxometalates.
The analog free testosterone assay: are the results in men clinically useful? (1998)

Men with low testosterone concentrations are usually hypogonadal. However, because variations in the testosterone transport protein, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), directly influence the total testosterone concentration, confirmation of a low testosterone with a measurement of free testosterone or "bioavailable" testosterone (BAT) is recommended. In the present study, we examined the relationship of SHBG with free testosterone (Coat-A-Count assay, Diagnostic Products) and with BAT in men (n = 29) and women (n = 28) who participated in a study of the metabolic determinants of body composition. As expected, total testosterone was strongly positively correlated with SHBG among men (r = 0.68; P <0.01). Although the BAT was independent of SHBG in men (r = 0.02), SHBG was an important predictor of free testosterone (r = 0.62; P <0.01). In contrast, in women serum concentrations of total testosterone (r = -0.26; P = 0.17), free testosterone (r = -0.30; P = 0.17), and BAT (r = -0.46; P = 0.013) all tended to be lower with increasing SHBG. Free testosterone was nearly perfectly positively correlated with total testosterone (r = 0.97) in men, among whom free testosterone represented a relatively constant percentage of the total testosterone (0.5-0.65%), and the percentage of free testosterone was unrelated to SHBG. Thus the Coat-A-Count free testosterone concentration in men, like the total testosterone concentration, is determined in part by plasma SHBG. Accordingly, androgen deficiency may be misclassified with this assay in men with low SHBG. Moreover, the previous findings of reduced free testosterone concentrations with hypertension or hyperinsulinemia or as a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, conditions in which SHBG is reduced, may have been methodology-related.
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. (2010)

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an established program shown to reduce symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. MBSR is believed to alter emotional responding by modifying cognitive-affective processes. Given that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by emotional and attentional biases as well as distorted negative self-beliefs, we examined MBSR-related changes in the brain-behavior indices of emotional reactivity and regulation of negative self-beliefs in patients with SAD. Sixteen patients underwent functional MRI while reacting to negative self-beliefs and while regulating negative emotions using 2 types of attention deployment emotion regulation-breath-focused attention and distraction-focused attention. Post-MBSR, 14 patients completed neuroimaging assessments. Compared with baseline, MBSR completers showed improvement in anxiety and depression symptoms and self-esteem. During the breath-focused attention task (but not the distraction-focused attention task), they also showed (a) decreased negative emotion experience, (b) reduced amygdala activity, and (c) increased activity in brain regions implicated in attentional deployment. MBSR training in patients with SAD may reduce emotional reactivity while enhancing emotion regulation. These changes might facilitate reduction in SAD-related avoidance behaviors, clinical symptoms, and automatic emotional reactivity to negative self-beliefs in adults with SAD.
<title>Evaluation of conformal and body-axis attitude information for spatial awareness</title> (1992)

The traditional head-up display (HUD) used in most modern fighter aircraft presents attitude information that is both conformal to the outside world and aligned with the body-axis of the aircraft. The introduction of helmet-mounted display (HMD) technology into simulated and actual flight environments has introduced an interesting issue regarding the presentation of attitude information. This information can be presented conformally or relative to the aircraft's body-axis, but not both (except in the special case where the pilot's line of sight is directly matched with the aircraft's body-axis). The question addressed with this study was whether attitude information displayed in an HMD should be presented with respect to the real world (conformally) or to the aircraft's body-axis. To answer this, both conformal and body-axis attitude symbology were compared under simulated air combat situations. The results of this study indicated that the body-axis concept was a more effective HMD display. A detailed description of the flight task and results of this study will be presented.
Data-driven suggestions for portrait posing (2013)

Next to lighting, posing is the most challenging aspect of portrait photography. A commonly adopted solution is to learn by example, which is beneficial for both trained photographers and novice users, especially when subjects have no clue about how to pose themselves. A collection of portrait images by professionals (e.g., [Perkins 2009]) provides a resource for photographers seeking inspiration for their own work. Such handful posing references (e.g., Posing App) have also been made available to smartphone platforms, which offer the unique possibility of directly overlaying camera view with a reference pose as visual guidance.
Field control of take‐all of wheat by avirulent fungi (1980)

SUMMARY In field experiments in New South Wales, wheat inoculated with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici had less take‐all and yielded significantly more grain ( P ≤ 0·05) when simultaneously inoculated with G. graminis var. graminis and a lobed hypho‐podiate Phialophora sp. synonymous with Phialophora radicicola Cain var. radicicola sensu Deacon than when unprotected with these fungi. An isolate of P. radicicola var. graminicola did not confer any protection. The yields of cross‐protected wheat approached those of healthy wheat where take‐all incidence was slight to moderate while control was less economically significant where disease was severe. If this form of control proved similarly effective against natural inoculum it might be best employed at the beginning of a wheat monoculture after a break crop and serve to delay the onset of severe take‐all. A preliminary survey of 28 wheat fields in New South Wales using a bait technique and examining for characteristic fungal structures showed that G. g. graminis was rarely present in the soil and the lobed hyphopodiate Phialophora sp. and P. r. graminicola were absent. Significant populations of G. g. graminis only occurred in first wheat crops after a long period of native pasture. In New South Wales, at least, these avirulent fungi would have to be introduced to wheat fields for take‐all control.
Substituent Effects. 22. The Solvolysis of α-<i>t</i>-Butylbenzyl Tosylates (1990)

Abstract The rates of solvolysis of α-t-butylbenzyl tosylates were determined in 80% aqueous acetone (80A) and 80% aqueous ethanol (80E) for an extended series of substituents. The substituent effect can be linearly correlated in terms of the Yukawa–Tsuno LArSR relationship, with a ρ value of −5.542 and an r value of 1.093 in 80A, and −5.650 and 1.106 in 80E, respectively. The large negative ρ and exalted r values suggest the operation of the kc mechanism in this solvolysis without nucleophilic solvent assistance and methyl participation. From a comparison of the substituent effects, the exalted r value of 1.15 observed in the solvolysis of α-methylbenzyl chlorides can be attributed to the enhanced resonance demand characteristic of secondary benzylic system rather than to a correlational artifact arising from nonlinearity due to SN1–SN2 mechanistic change. The solvolysis of this system can be utilized as an appropriate reference system for the accurate estimation of σ+ constants in various solvents.
Gravitational wave detection with optical lattice atomic clocks (2016)

We propose a space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector consisting of two spatially separated, dragfree satellites sharing ultrastable optical laser light over a single baseline. Each satellite contains an optical lattice atomic clock, which serves as a sensitive, narrowband detector of the local frequency of the shared laser light. A synchronized two-clock comparison between the satellites will be sensitive to the effective Doppler shifts induced by incident GWs at a level competitive with other proposed space-based GW detectors, while providing complementary features. The detected signal is a differential frequency shift of the shared laser light due to the relative velocity of the satellites, and the detection window can be tuned through the control sequence applied to the atoms' internal states. This scheme enables the detection of GWs from continuous, spectrally narrow sources, such as compact binary inspirals, with frequencies ranging from 3 mHz-10 Hz without loss of sensitivity, thereby bridging the detection gap between spacebased and terrestrial optical interferometric GW detectors. Our proposed GW detector employs just two satellites, is compatible with integration with an optical interferometric detector, and requires only realistic improvements to existing ground-based clock and laser technologies.
A study of small-height HF jamming antennas for vehicular use (1996)

A concise review of the theoretical and experimental findings resulting from a study of small-length HF vertically polarized ground-wave jamming antennas in the form of conventional whip, helical whip, condenser (parallel plate, parabolic plate, and conical) and inverted L is given. These findings show that, for a given power input, the inverted L and the conical condenser antennas can produce about the same ground-wave-field strength as whip antennas of twice and four times their height, respectively. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functional impact of Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation of HP1γ at serine 83 during cell cycle progression (2013)

This is the first description of a mitotic Aurora A-HP1γ pathway, whose integrity is necessary for the execution of proper somatic cell division, providing insight into specific types of posttranslational modifications that associate to distinct functional outcomes of this important chromatin protein.
1.6kV, 2.9 m&#x2126; cm<sup>2</sup> normally-off p-GaN HEMT device (2012)

A p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN based normally-off HEMT device has been demonstrated on a Si substrate. Our p-GaN based device shows not only a high threshold voltage of 3 V but also low gate leakage current. Buffer and device breakdown voltages exceed 1600 V with 5.2 um GaN buffer thickness and specific on-state resistance is 2.9mΩ cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The calculated figure of merit is 921 MV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Ωcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is the highest value reported for the GaN E-mode devices.
Copper-mediated One-pot Synthesis of Trifluorostyrene Derivatives from Tetrafluoroethylene and Arylboronate (2015)

Abstract We developed the copper-mediated synthesis of trifluorostyrene derivatives. β-Fluorine elimination of a 2-aryl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylcopper complex, generated in situ from arylboronate, copper tert-butoxide, and 1,10-phenanthroline with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) via carbocupration, was promoted by the addition of a Lewis acid. The present reaction system was applied to the one-pot synthesis of various trifluorostyrene derivatives, through the transmetalation–carbocupration–β-fluorine elimination sequence.
THE RESPIRATORY GAS PERCENTAGES DURING NITROUS OXID ANESTHESIA IN DOGS (1925)

The practical induction of nitrous oxid-oxygen anesthesia by the methods now universally practiced still leaves undetermined the question of adequacy of the supply of oxygen to the patient. The question as to availability of oxygen is rendered the more important by recent work which tends to establish the minimum requirements of oxygen in respiratory airs for efficiency in the normal individual. The experimental data of the United States Army School of Aviation Medicine prove that a normal man cannot long retain consciousness unless he breathes air of at least 6 per cent. oxygen.<sup>1</sup>In the tests, it is assumed that the individual is exerting a minimum of muscular activity. He is not far from the normal basal metabolic level. By the least additional work, as by any sudden muscular acts, he quickly consumes the oxygen below the level necessary to retain consciousness. For less resistant individuals, either normal or pathologic,
Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study (2005)

Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant that suppresses and treats an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAMP-1) of oral LA in patients with MS. Thirty-seven MS subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo, LA 600 mg twice a day, LA 1200 mg once a day and LA 1200 mg twice a day. Subjects took study capsules for 14 days. We found that subjects taking 1200 mg LA had substantially higher peak serum LA levels than those taking 600 mg and that peak levels varied considerably among subjects. We also found a significant negative correlation between peak serum LA levels and mean changes in serum MMP-9 levels (T = -0.263, P =0.04). There was a significant dose response relationship between LA and mean change in serum sICAM-1 levels (P =0.03). We conclude that oral LA is generally well tolerated and appears capable of reducing serum MMP-9 and sICAM-1 levels. LA may prove useful in treating MS by inhibiting MMP-9 activity and interfering with T-cell migration into the CNS.
Crystallographic Analysis of Primary Visual Photochemistry (2006)

A curved retinal: Difference electron-density data between the photoreceptor protein rhodopsin and its primary photoreaction intermediate bathorhodopsin have provided a crystallographic model for the cis–trans isomerization of the chromophore retinal therein during the primary process in dim-light vision (see picture; the curved polyene structure of retinal in bathorhodopsin is shown in red, while that in rhodopsin is colored green).
A maximal ratio combining frequency diversity ARQ scheme for OFDM signals (2002)

This paper proposes a maximal ratio combining (MRC) frequency diversity automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) scheme which is suitable for high data rate orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The proposed scheme regularly changes the subcarrier assignment pattern at every retransmission. This scheme sharply reduces the number of ARQ retransmissions in slow fading environments by virtue of the frequency diversity effect. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the number of retransmissions to about 3 at the accumulative correct packet reception rate (ACPRR) of 0.99 while the conventional schemes lead to more than 10.
AAA<sup>+</sup>: A Class of Chaperone-Like ATPases Associated with the Assembly, Operation, and Disassembly of Protein Complexes (1999)

Using a combination of computer methods for iterative database searches and multiple sequence alignment, we show that protein sequences related to the AAA family of ATPases are far more prevalent than reported previously. Among these are regulatory components of Lon and Clp proteases, proteins involved in DNA replication, recombination, and restriction (including subunits of the origin recognition complex, replication factor C proteins, MCM DNA-licensing factors and the bacterial DnaA, RuvB, and McrB proteins), prokaryotic NtrC-related transcription regulators, the Bacillus sporulation protein SpoVJ, Mg2+, and Co2+ chelatases, the Halobacterium GvpN gas vesicle synthesis protein, dynein motor proteins, TorsinA, and Rubisco activase. Alignment of these sequences, in light of the structures of the clamp loader delta' subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III and the hexamerization component of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, provides structural and mechanistic insights into these proteins, collectively designated the AAA+ class. Whole-genome analysis indicates that this class is ancient and has undergone considerable functional divergence prior to the emergence of the major divisions of life. These proteins often perform chaperone-like functions that assist in the assembly, operation, or disassembly of protein complexes. The hexameric architecture often associated with this class can provide a hole through which DNA or RNA can be thread; this may be important for assembly or remodeling of DNA-protein complexes.
Effect of substrate voltage and oxide thickness on NMOSFET matching characteristics for a 0.18 μm CMOS technology (2002)

Matching characterization has been performed on 0.18 /spl mu/m NMOS devices for different substrate voltage values V/sub b/ and for various oxide thicknesses T/sub ox/, in order to determine the origin of the difference between experimental results and matching theory. Both experimental results and simulations outline an obvious tendency of mismatch to increase with T/sub ox/ and V/sub b/. Moreover, the greater contribution of threshold voltage mismatch seems to originate from the statistical fluctuations of channel dopant number. Nevertheless, Poisson distribution of channel dopant number fluctuations does not explain the absolute amplitude of threshold voltage mismatch that could be either related to channel dopant clustering or to deviation from Poisson statistical law.
Perveance and the Bennett Pinch Relation in Partially-Neutralized Electron Beams† (1958)

ABSTRACT The concept of perveance as applied to electron beams with no electric field in the direction of flow is extended by a simple generalization to include-relativistic conditions and the effect of space-charge neutralization. For self-constricted beams this generalized perveance K is negative, and relates the root mean squared transverse velocity in the beam to the drift velocity. In this respect the perveance relation is virtually the same as the Bennett pinch. relation I 2=2Nk(Tc+Ti ) ; indeed if T is suitably defined the two relations are identical for beams which are completely neutralized by stationary ions. Finally some properties of electron beams are compared with those of current carrying plasma columns.
Context models for palette images (2002)

A family of two dimensional context models appropriate for palette images is described. The models are designed for use with a binary arithmetic coder. A complete image encoder/decoder using three models from the family is disclosed. The new coder is compared against five alternate coding methods: JBIG bit plane coding, CALIC predictive coding, CALIC plus palette ordering, and two dictionary methods, GIF and PNG. The aggregate compression achieved by the new method on a corpus of fifteen palette images is 25% better than the best alternate method. The appropriateness of the corpus is validated by the similar aggregate compression achieved by the alternate methods even though compression varies widely from image to image. Remarkably, the new method achieves 20% better compression than a composite coder formed from the best alternate method for each image.
The AUTOSAR Standard - The Experience of Applying Simulink According to its Requirements (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Software has become the driving force behind innovation in the automotive industry. According to a recent Frost &amp; Sullivan market research report, “Strategic Analysis of the European Market for Software in Passenger Cars”, the software for passenger cars in Europe accounted for 5.8% of the cost of vehicles in 2004. The same report projects an annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.5% until 2011, when software is expected to represent 11.0% of the cost of vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the emerging AUTOSAR standard (AUTOSAR release 2.0), which aims to address the need for more efficient E/E (Embedded Electronic) automotive architecture solutions. The paper also provides a review of the mapping of a few key AUTOSAR concepts to their Simulink counterparts, which should help designers using Simulink deliver AUTOSAR compatible solutions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally the paper features a component of an experimental engine management system that has been remodeled in Simulink to conform to the AUTOSAR requirements.</div>
Factors Influencing the Purchasing Behavior of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Malaysia (2014)

As the improvement of age, more people witness the development of traditional culture. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of them and it becomes popular in the global because it does not have much side-effects on human bodies. However, the status of TCM in Malaysia is not very high, thus this study is to explore the factors that can influence the purchasing behavior of TCM in Malaysia. The research framework of this study uses Liao et al’ model (2008), and the whole study follows it. What’s more, SPSS 20 and PLS software are used to analysis the data that are collected from 300 respondents in 4 states of Malaysia. And lastly, there are 5 factors which include Suffering from Disease (SFD), Attitude towards TCM (ATT), TCM Knowledge (TK), People’s Influence (PI) and Usable Resources (UR) are found to have the significant influence on the Purchasing Behavior (PB) of TCM in Malaysia. According to the findings, the author gives some recommendations to the TCM sector in Malaysia in order to attract more people to use TCM products.
Shot-to-shot spectrally-resolved characterization of continuous-wave-triggered supercontinuum near 1&#x00B5;m (2013)

We demonstrate shot-to-shot (at a rate of 20 MHz), broadband (>200 nm), spectrally-resolved (spectral resolution of 0.2 nm) statistical characterization of continuous-wave-triggered supercontinuum in the 1 µm regime, enabled by optical time stretch.