gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIPID: A deep learning framework for sinogram interpolation and image denoising in low-dose CT reconstruction (2018)

Low-dose CT plays a significant role in reducing radiation risks to patients. The main challenge is to achieve better image quality while lowering the imaging dose. In this work, we propose a hybrid deep learning approach that combines sinogram interpolation with image denoising, referred to as SIPID. Through alternatively training the sinogram interpolation network and the image denoising network, the proposed SIPID network can achieve more accurate reconstructions, compared with pure image denoising. We empirically achieved a > 2dB improvement on PSNR based on the Residual U-net denoising structure. Furthermore, we highlight that our design of sinogram interpolation network can be a promising component in CT reconstruction, since it can also seamlessly fit to all kinds of image denoising networks.
Cysteine-Rich Peptide Family with Unusual Disulfide Connectivity from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (2015)

Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are natural products with privileged peptidyl structures that represent a potentially rich source of bioactive compounds. Here, the discovery and characterization of a novel plant CRP family, jasmintides from Jasminum sambac of the Oleaceae family, are described. Two 27-amino acid jasmintides (jS1 and jS2) were identified at the gene and protein levels. Disulfide bond mapping of jS1 by mass spectrometry and its confirmation by NMR spectroscopy revealed disulfide bond connectivity of C-1-C-5, C-2-C-4, and C-3-C-6, a cystine motif that has not been reported in plant CRPs. Structural determination showed that jS1 displays a well-defined structure framed by three short antiparallel β-sheets. Genomic analysis showed that jasmintides share a three-domain precursor arrangement with a C-terminal mature domain preceded by a long pro-domain of 46 residues and an intron cleavage site between the signal sequence and pro-domain. The compact cysteine-rich structure together with an N-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue confers jasmintides high resistance to heat and enzymatic degradation, including exopeptidase treatment. Collectively, these results reveal a new plant CRP structure with an unusual cystine connectivity, which could be useful as a scaffold for designing peptide drugs.
Is This Patient Having a Stroke? (2005)

The history and clinical findings provide the basis for evaluating patients with possible stroke and choosing appropriate treatments. Focusing on 3 findings (acute facial paresis, arm drift, or abnormal speech) might improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability.
Comparison of various ferrite-loaded CRLH leaky-wave antenna structures (2008)

Four types of ferrite-loaded CRLH waveguide with different characteristics and merits have been investigated and compared.
The usage of PLD PLL blocks for wideband pulse signal detection (2017)

Paper considers the problem of asynchronous wideband signal detection. This problem is particularly acute for pulsed laser rangefinders, where high-precision time delay measurement between transmitted and received pulses is required. Proposed FPGA-based hardware implementation structure for pulsed laser rangefinder allows increase rangefinder precision. To obtain comparative performance model of computational unit is designed: with using traditional hardware implementation approach and with applying proposed hardware structure.
The reciprocal pool model for the measurement of gluconeogenesis by use of [U-<sup>13</sup>C]glucose (2000)

To improve upon the [U- 13 C]glucose method to estimate “gluconeogenesis” as described by J. Katz and J. A. Tayek ( Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 272: E476–E484, 1997, and 275: E537–E542, 1998), we describe the reciprocal pool model by using only the isotopomer data of plasma glucose during infusion of [U- 13 C]glucose. The glucose pool serves as both precursor and product for the calculation of the fraction of molecules generated by gluconeogenesis and to correct for exchange and loss of labeled carbon at the level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We have applied this model to both our own data and those of other investigators using [U- 13 C]glucose and have demonstrated excellent agreement between the Katz and Tayek model and our reciprocal pool model. When we compare the results of the reciprocal pool model with those of Hellerstein ([2- 13 C]glycerol) and Landau ( 2 H 2 O-glucose-C-5), the results are similar in short- and long-term fasted adult humans. Finally, when we apply the reciprocal pool model to our data from premature infants, it is clear that we account for the inflow of unlabeled glycerol and presumably amino acids. This is not surprising, because the vast majority of gluconeogenesis is the result of recycling of glucose and pyruvate carbon.
The effect of articular conformity and the size of the humeral head component on laxity and motion after glenohumeral arthroplasty. A study in cadavera. (1995)

We used a cadaveric model to examine the mechanical effects of changes in the conformity of the articular surfaces and the size of the humeral head component in glenohumeral arthroplasty. The experimental system permitted a manual clinical examination of the glenohumeral joint while sensors monitored the humeroscapular position and orientation as well as the forces and torques applied by the examiner. Four preparations were compared: an anatomical humeroscapular preparation and three glenohumeral arthroplasty preparations (one with anatomically sized components and a radius of curvature of the glenoid that was four millimeters larger than that of the humeral head, one with anatomically sized components and a radius of curvature of the glenoid that was equal to that of the humeral head, and one with a non-anatomical, large humeral head component and a radius of curvature of the glenoid that was equal to that of the humeral head). All motions, including flexion, external and internal rotation, and maximum elevation, were diminished with use of the non-anatomical, large humeral head component. Laxity of the joint on drawer and sulcus tests was not affected by the conformity of the articular surfaces but was decreased significantly by implantation of the large humeral head component. The kinematics of the glenohumeral joint were not markedly altered by reduction of the uniformity between the articular surfaces of the prosthetic components. In all preparations, obligate displacement of the humeral head associated with a passive range of motion occurred at smaller angles with the large humeral head component.
Gender differences in depression (2000)

Determinants of gender differences in depressive disorders are far from being established and their combination into integrated aetiological models continues to be lacking.
Microcosm: A Hypermedia Platform for the Delivery of Learning Materials (1993)

This report describes the Microcosm model and philosophy, and explains the advantages of taking an open, resource-based approach to the development and delivery of learning materials over traditional Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) practices. We describe early experiences in creating materials for the Microcosm environment, paying special attention to the features of the system which make authoring in this way different from traditional practices. Finally, we look at the initial use of Microcosm by students of History and Biology at the University of Southampton. CONTENTS Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................2 2. The Microcosm Model and Philosophy .....................................3 3. The requirements of the various TLTP projects ........................5 4. Experiences of Authoring ............................................................7 5. First Experiences of Using Microcosm in a Learning Environm...
Weakly supervised object detection with convex clustering (2015)

Weakly supervised object detection, is a challenging task, where the training procedure involves learning at the same time both, the model appearance and the object location in each image. The classical approach to solve this problem is to consider the location of the object of interest in each image as a latent variable and minimize the loss generated by such latent variable during learning. However, as learning appearance and localization are two interconnected tasks, the optimization is not convex and the procedure can easily get stuck in a poor local minimum, i.e. the algorithm “misses” the object in some images. In this paper, we help the optimization to get close to the global minimum by enforcing a “soft” similarity between each possible location in the image and a reduced set of “exemplars”, or clusters, learned with a convex formulation in the training images. The help is effective because it comes from a different and smooth source of information that is not directly connected with the main task. Results show that our method improves a strong baseline based on convolutional neural network features by more than 4 points without any additional features or extra computation at testing time but only adding a small increment of the training time due to the convex clustering.
Growth Hormone Receptor Is a Target for Presenilin-dependent γ-Secretase Cleavage (2005)

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a cytokine receptor superfamily member that binds growth hormone (GH) via its extracellular domain and signals via interaction of its cytoplasmic domain with JAK2 and other signaling molecules. GHR is a target for inducible metalloprotease-mediated cleavage in its perimembranous extracellular domain, a process that liberates the extracellular domain as the soluble GH-binding protein and leaves behind a cell-associated GHR remnant protein containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. GHR metalloproteolysis can be catalyzed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (ADAM-17) and is associated with down-modulation of GH signaling. We now study the fate of the GHR remnant protein. By anti-GHR cytoplasmic domain immunoblotting, we observed that the remnant induced in response to phorbol ester or platelet-derived growth factor has a reliable pattern of appearance and disappearance in both mouse preadipocytes endogenously expressing GHR and transfected fibroblasts expressing rabbit GHR. Lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, did not appreciably change the time course of remnant appearance or clearance but allowed detection of the GHR stub, a receptor fragment slightly smaller than the remnant but containing the C terminus of the remnant (receptor cytoplasmic domain). In contrast, MG132, another (less specific) proteasome inhibitor, strongly inhibited remnant clearance and prevented stub appearance. Inhibitors of gamma-secretase, an aspartyl protease, also prevented the appearance of the stub, even in the presence of lactacystin, and concomitantly inhibited remnant clearance in the same fashion as MG132. In addition, mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from presenilin 1 and 2 (PS1/2) knockouts recapitulated the gamma-secretase inhibitor studies, as compared with their littermate controls (PS1/2 wild type). Confocal microscopy indicated that the GHR cytoplasmic domain became localized to the nucleus in a fashion dependent on PS1/2 activity. These data indicate that the GHR is subject to sequential proteolysis by metalloprotease and gamma-secretase activities and may suggest GH-independent roles for the GHR.
InP/InGaAs double-heterojunction bipolar transistors for high-speed optical receivers (1996)

We fabricated monolithically integrated pin/HBT photoreceivers using FPIGA (full-potential InGaAs) DHBT's with various collector thicknesses. An HBT figure-of-merit was deduced from the relationship between measured bandwidths of the preamplifiers and the f/sub T/'s and f/sub max/'s of the DHBT's. A phenomenological device model of the DHBT's is proposed to find the optimum collector thickness that gives the highest bandwidth of the photoreceivers. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of monolithically integrating a pin-PD, preamplifier, buffer amplifier, and D-type flip-flop with an operating speed of 40 Gbit/s.
Qualitative similarities in cognitive impairment associated with 24 h of sustained wakefulness and a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% (2003)

Previous studies that have quantified fatigue-related cognitive impairment as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) equivalents have been limited by two issues: the effect of practice on tests of cognition and, more importantly, the statistic used to quantify change in cognitive performance. The current study addressed these issues by adopting an ABACA design, which allowed for the adequate control of practice effects, and by using effect size metrics, which enabled direct comparisons to be made in performance impairments as a result of fatigue (i.e. sustained wakefulness of 24 h) and alcohol (i.e. BAC of 0.05%). Cognitive performance under the fatigue and alcohol conditions required the use of the CogState battery. It was demonstrated that fatigue caused greater impairment than alcohol on the speed of continuous attention and memory and learning, and on the accuracy of complex matching. Alcohol was more detrimental than fatigue only on the accuracy of memory and learning. Performances on the remaining tasks were the same for both the fatigue and alcohol conditions. These differences and similarities in performance impairment are discussed emphasizing the deleterious cognitive effects of relatively short periods of sustained wakefulness.
Fatal school shootings and the epidemiological context of firearm mortality in the United States (2013)

Background The December 14, 2012 mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, USA, vaulted concerns regarding gun violence to the forefront of public attention. This high-visibility incident occurred within the epidemiological context of U.S. firearm mortality that claims more than 88 lives daily. Methods National epidemiologic data on firearm deaths over two decades were analyzed along with data registries on school shootings in order to place the tragedy at Sandy Hook in perspective. School shootings were classified as random or targeted. Results The U.S. has the highest rates of firearm deaths, suicides, and homicides among the world's 34 "advanced economies." Seventy percent of U.S. homicides and more than 50% of U.S. suicides are committed using a firearm. U.S. firearm homicide rates first declined, and then stabilized, during the past 23 years, 1990-2012. "Shooting massacres" in school settings, a new phenomenon within the past 50 years, are extremely rare events. Over 23 years, 1990-2012, 215 fatal school shooting incidents resulted in 363 deaths, equivalent to 0.12% of national firearm homicides during that time period. Most episodes were "targeted" shootings in which the perpetrator intentionally killed a specific individual in a school setting. Only 25 of these 215 events (11.6%) were "random" or "rampage" shootings, resulting in 135 deaths (0.04% of national firearm homicides). Among these, just three shooting rampages - Columbine High School, Virginia Tech University, and Sandy hook Elementary School - accounted for 72 (53.3%) of these 135 deaths. The frequency of random/rampage shooting incidents in schools has remained within the narrow range of 0 to 3 episodes per year. Conclusions Each year, more than 32,000 Americans die by firearms and more than 70,000 are wounded, representing a volume of preventable deaths and injuries that the U.S. government describes as a "public health crisis." School massacres, such as Sandy Hook, occur periodically, galvanizing public reaction and bringing forth a collective call for intervention. Epidemiological analyses position these rare, but uniquely compelling, incidents within the broader national patterns of gun violence. The intention is to inform the selection of a balanced, comprehensive set of effective remedies to address the daily death toll from firearm suicides and "targeted" firearm homicides that account for more than 99% of firearm fatalities; as well as the rare, random, and sporadic rampage shootings in school or community settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation/Hydroamin(d)ation Domino Synthesis of Indoles and Its Application to the Preparation of a Chek1/KDR Kinase Inhibitor Pharmacophore. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonvolatile Memory Materials for Neuromorphic Intelligent Machines (2018)

Recent progress in deep learning extends the capability of artificial intelligence to various practical tasks, making the deep neural network (DNN) an extremely versatile hypothesis. While such DNN is virtually built on contemporary data centers of the von Neumann architecture, physical (in part) DNN of non-von Neumann architecture, also known as neuromorphic computing, can remarkably improve learning and inference efficiency. Particularly, resistance-based nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) highlights its handy and efficient application to the multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation in an analog manner. Here, an overview is given of the available types of resistance-based NVRAMs and their technological maturity from the material- and device-points of view. Examples within the strategy are subsequently addressed in comparison with their benchmarks (virtual DNN in deep learning). A spiking neural network (SNN) is another type of neural network that is more biologically plausible than the DNN. The successful incorporation of resistance-based NVRAM in SNN-based neuromorphic computing offers an efficient solution to the MAC operation and spike timing-based learning in nature. This strategy is exemplified from a material perspective. Intelligent machines are categorized according to their architecture and learning type. Also, the functionality and usefulness of NVRAM-based neuromorphic computing are addressed.
Mitotic Arrest: Mad2 Prevents Sleepy from Waking Up the APC (1998)

The cell cycle is a precisely orchestrated series of biochemical events that results in replication of the contents of a cell and delivery of the new components to two daughter cells. Ensuring that all the pieces are in place are a series of checkpoints that stop the action if all is not well. In his research commentary, Elledge discusses recent progress in understanding the checkpoint that prevents the duplicated chromosomes from being separated into the daughter cells unless one sister is attached to the pulling apparatus from each daughter-cell-to-be. Results in two reports in this issue ([ Kim et al ][1]. and [ Hwang et al ][2].) identify the molecular players in this checkpoint machinery.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5353/1045
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5353/1041
Study on fault diagnosis for exhaust valve based on rough sets and support vector machine (2010)

A valve fault diagnosis method based on Rough Sets and Support Vector Machine is proposed.Firstly,the uncertain data is reduced based on RS theory.Therefore,according to the chosen reduction a SVM multi-classifier is designed for fault diagnosis.
CHANGE OF CHANNEL-FLOW TOPOLOGY BY A STREAMWISE-PERIODIC ARRAY OF ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS (2013)

In this study, we consider the characteristics of channel flow in the presence of an infinite streamwise array of equispaced identical rotating circular cylinders. This flow configuration can be regarded as a model representing a micro channel or an internal heat exchanger with cylindrical vortex generators. A numerical parametric study has been carried out by varying Reynolds number based on the bulk mean velocity and the cylinder diameter, and the gap between the cylinders and the channel wall for some selected angular speeds. An immersed boundary method was employed to facilitate implementing the cylinders on a Cartesian grid system. No-slip condition is employed at all solid boundaries including the cylinders, and the flow is assumed to be periodic in the streamwise direction. The presence of the rotating circular cylinders arranged periodically in the streamwise direction causes a significant topological change of the flow, leading to increase of mean friction on the channel walls. More quantitative results as well as qualitative physical explanations are presented to justify the effectiveness of rotating cylinders to modify flow topology, which might be used to enhance heat transfer on the channel walls.
Representational frames in video annotation (2002)

One of the tenets of machine vision is that choice of representation is critical in describing a scene; representations are selected that make important information explicit and that allow domain constraints to be brought to bear. In dynamic scene annotation, there may be no single representation appropriate for analysis, as the imagery is dynamic and choice of best representation may vary over time. The authors present two examples of where the selection of representational frame-the coordinate system in which the representation describes the scene-is determined by the dynamics of the scene.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance analysis of a wideband CDMA system for FPLMTS (2002)

In this paper, the physical layer of a 3.6864 Mcps wideband CDMA system which has been proposed by ETRI for FPLMTS (future public land mobile telecommunication systems) is described. It is designed to be adequate upto a 5 MHz bandwidth in order to make it easy that frequencies are allocated to carriers by multiples of 5 MHz bands and make the specification of pulse shaping filter more loose. 8 kbps CS-ACELP (conjugate structure algebraic CELP) is adopted as a main vocoder algorithm and 32 kbps ADPCM can be used. In the reverse link, the continuous pilot scheme is introduced to cope with discontinuous data transmission and to have a symmetrical H/W component to the forward link. In order to maintain the service quality with heavy signaling data, signaling activity with a dedicated signaling channel is introduced for spectrum efficiency. The user information data of upto 128 kbps can be transmitted by using QPSK data/QPSK spreading, variable spreading factor, and code pair assignment. Based on the 3.6864 Mcps system, the multiband 0.9216/3.6864/14.7456 Mcps system for multilayered cell environments is under consideration for FPLMTS.
MH-60 Seahawk/MQ-8 Fire Scout Interoperability (2010)

Abstract : As part of a Naval Postgraduate School's capstone project in Systems Engineering, a project team from Cohort 311-0911 performed a Systems Engineering analysis. This Project focused on defining alternatives for enhanced Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW) mission effectiveness through increased interoperability and integration for the Fire Scout Unmanned Air Vehicle and Seahawk helicopter. Specifically, the Project explored the available trade space for enhancing communications back to the ship for analysis and decision-making. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) was used to assess the impact of enhanced communication on specific Key performance Parameters (KPPs) and Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) associated with the ASUW mission. Once the trade space was defined, alternatives were analyzed and a recommendation provided that supports near-, mid-, and long-term mission enhancement.