gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-dielectric band alignment and its implications for metal gate complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology (2002)

The dependence of the metal gate work function on the underlying gate dielectric in advanced metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gate stacks was explored. Metal work functions on high-κ dielectrics are observed to differ appreciably from their values on SiO2 or in vacuum. We applied the interface dipole theory to the interface between the gate and the gate dielectric of a MOS transistor and obtained excellent agreement with experimental data. Important parameters such as the slope parameters for gate dielectrics like SiO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, ZrO2, and HfO2 were extracted. In addition, we also explain the weaker dependence of n+ and p+ polysilicon gate work functions on the gate dielectric material. Challenges for gate work function engineering are highlighted. This work provides additional guidelines on the choice of gate materials for future MOS technology incorporating high-κ gate dielectrics.
Viral interleukin‐10 gene inhibition of inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption in response to titanium particles (2002)

This study demonstrates that gene delivery of vIL-10 inhibits 3 processes critically involved in periprosthetic osteolysis: 1) wear debris-induced proinflammatory cytokine production, 2) osteoclastogenesis, and 3) osteolysis.
Attentive Graph-based Recursive Neural Network for Collective Vertex Classification (2017)

Vertex classification is a critical task in graph analysis, where both contents and linkage of vertices are incorporated during classification. Recently, researchers proposed using deep neural network to build an end-to-end framework, which can capture both local content and structure information. These approaches were proved effective in incorporating semantic meanings of neighbouring vertices, while the usefulness of this information was not properly considered. In this paper, we propose an Attentive Graph-based Recursive Neural Network (AGRNN), which exerts attention on neural network to make our model focus on vertices with more relevant semantic information. We evaluated our approach on three real-world datasets and also datasets with synthetic noise. Our experimental results show that AGRNN achieves the state-of-the-art performance, in terms of effectiveness and robustness. We have also illustrated some attention weight samples to demonstrate the rationality of our model.
Validating clusters using the Hopkins statistic (2005)

A novel scheme for cluster validity using a test for random position hypothesis is proposed. The random position hypothesis is tested against an alternative clustered hypothesis on every cluster produced by a partitioning algorithm. A test statistic such as the well-known Hopkins statistic could be used as a basis to accept or reject the random position hypothesis, which is also the null hypothesis in this case. The Hopkins statistic is known to be a fair estimator of randomness in a data set. The concept is borrowed from the clustering tendency domain and its applicability to validating clusters is shown here using two artificially constructed test data sets.
Les délégués, acteurs stratégiques du renouveau syndical ? (2011)

Les représentants sur les lieux de travail ( shop stewards , délégués) semblent au cœur des processus de renouveau syndical, mais cette catégorie de représentants est délaissée dans la littérature internationale. A la différence notable des traditions de recherche autour de la figure du shop steward britannique, les différentes littératures nationales tendent à réserver au délégué de terrain un rôle de figurant plutôt que de leader . Nous explorons quatre facteurs qui motivent le regain d’intérêt pour les délégués du côté tant des politiques syndicales que de la recherche : une crise globale de représentativité des syndicalismes au niveau sociétal ; une crise de représentativité des délégués eux-mêmes à l’égard de leurs mandants ; la complexité et la diversification croissantes des lieux de représentation autant que des stratégies d’employeurs ; les transformations et/ou l’affaiblissement des systèmes de référence des acteurs syndicaux locaux. Chacun de ces facteurs constitue un défi pour les représentants de terrain mais pousse aussi à de nouvelles investigations de recherche, investigations dont nous témoignons ici et auxquelles nous souhaitons nous-mêmes contribuer.
A Neutron Flux Measuring Channel Covering Ten Decades of Reactor Power with a Single Fixed-Position Detector (1967)

A new type of instrument for neutron flux measurement in reactor control systems is described. It requires only a single fixed-position fission chamber of standard design to continuously cover ten decades of neutron flux level. The wide range of coverage is achieved by utilizing both the individual pulses from the chamber and the statistical fluctuation signal developed by the overlap of individual pulses. The channel provides a logarithmic indication of neutron flux level from approximately 1 nv to 1 × 1010 nv, with period indication over the range from approximately 1 × 104 nv to 1 × 1010 nv. It also provides a range-switched linear indication of neutron flux level over the range from approximately 1 × 104 nv to 1 × 1010 nv.
Inositol and higher inositol phosphates in neural tissues: homeostasis, metabolism and functional significance (2002)

Inositol phospholipids and inositol phosphates mediate well-established functions in signal transduction and in Ca2+ homeostasis in the CNS and non-neural tissues. More recently, there has been renewed interest in other roles that both myo-inositol and its highly phosphorylated forms may play in neural function. We review evidence that myo-inositol serves as a clinically relevant osmolyte in the CNS, and that its hexakisphosphate and pyrophosphorylated derivatives may play roles in such diverse cellular functions as DNA repair, nuclear RNA export and synaptic membrane trafficking.
Delayed HPAM Gelation via Transient Sequestration of Chromium in Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles (2008)

Heterogeneity of oil reservoirs often leads to unproductive cycling of injected oil recovery chemicals, resulting in the loss of significant quantities of reserves. To maximize recovery efficiency, a blocking agent may be placed deep into high-permeability channels so that the subsequently injected chemicals can be redirected into previously unswept regions. Cr(III)−polyacrylamide gels have been used extensively in field applications as blocking agents for sweep improvement; however, the gelation time of the current state-of-the-art is too short to achieve in-depth placement. This paper describes a novel approach of using polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles to entrap and control the release Cr(III) to effectively extend gelation time. Self-assembly of polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS) resulted in the formation of ∼100−200 nm particles that efficiently entrapped chromium while maintaining colloidal stability in water or gelant. Although the addition of chromium chloride to HPAM typically produced gels in minutes, chromium was efficiently sequestered in nanosuspensions of polyelectrolyte complexes, resulting in a significant delay in gel formation that was dependent on pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The gel formation kinetics of PEI, polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) of PEI and DS, and PECs loaded with chromium were compared. PEI, a known cross-linker of HPAM, produced a steady increase in gelant viscosity over time. PECs without chromium demonstrated a delayed gel formation compared to PEI but possessed a similar creeping increase in viscosity. In contrast, PECs loaded with chromium typically showed minimal viscosity increase over time followed by an abrupt viscosity increase, resulting in gel formation. This study suggests that PECs offer a flexible nanotechnology platform that may enable novel chemical delivery schemes in the oil and gas industry.
Identifying the Bottlenecks to the RF Performance of FinFETs (2010)

In this work, the high frequency (RF) performance of FinFETs is investigated in detail using a two-level parasitic model comprising outer and inner parasitic capacitances in addition to parasitic series resistances. Use of scaling relations of these parasitic capacitances with numbers of fins and fingers allows extraction of these elements. Next, by defining a series of reference surfaces, each associated with a certain set of parasitic elements, we proceed to calculate the RF Figures of Merit, namely fT and fmax at these surfaces. These are called ‘available fT (fmax)’ in this work. Analysis of the available fT (fmax) gives insight into the extent to which different parasitics affect the FinFET’s RF performance. The main bottleneck to the FinFET’s RF performance is identified, solutions are proposed and relevant trade-offs are discussed.
The <scp>MAPK</scp> pathway across different malignancies: A new perspective (2014)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated (MAPK/ERK) pathway is activated by upstream genomic events and/or activation of multiple signaling events in which information coalesces at this important nodal pathway point. This pathway is tightly regulated under normal conditions by phosphatases and bidirectional communication with other pathways, like the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/m-TOR) pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the MAPK/ERK signaling node can function as a tumor suppressor as well as the more common pro-oncogenic signal. The effect that predominates depends on the intensity of the signal and the context or tissue in which the signal is aberrantly activated. Genomic profiling of tumors has revealed common mutations in MAPK/ERK pathway components, such as v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF). Currently approved for the treatment of melanoma, inhibitors of BRAF kinase are being studied alone and in combination with inhibitors of the MAPK and other pathways to optimize the treatment of many tumor types. Therapies targeted toward MAPK/ERK components have various response rates when used in different solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. Understanding the differential nature of activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in each tumor type is critical in developing single and combination regimens, because different tumors have unique mechanisms of primary and secondary signaling and subsequent sensitivity to drugs.
Push‐Pull Oligomers with 2,2‐Dicyanovinyl Groups as Electron Acceptors (2006)

Abstract Three conjugated oligomer series with terminal donor–acceptor substitution were studied: oligo(1,4‐phenylenevinylene)s DAOPVs 4a – d ( n = 1–4), oligo(1,4‐phenyleneethynylene)s DAOPEs 6a – d ( n = 1–4) and oligo(2,5‐thienyleneethynylene)s DAOTEs 8a – e ( n = 1–5). Dialkylamino or methoxy groups served as electron donors and 2,2‐dicyanovinyl groups as strong electron acceptors. The push‐pull effect polarizes the molecular chains – an effect which is documented by the splitting of the 13 C chemical shifts of two carbon atoms of the double or triple bonds in the chain. For higher oligomers ( n ≥ 3), the effect is mainly localized at the chain ends. The long‐wavelength absorption results in a charge‐transfer band which loses gradually its CT character since the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) declines with increasing numbers n of repeat units (increasing chromophore extension, increasing distance D–A). As a consequence, theDAOPVs 4a – d and the DAOPEs 6a – d represent hypsochromic series, for which the λ max values decrease steadily from n = 1 to n = 4. This is also true for the DAOTE series 8a – e , but contrary to 4a – d and 6a – d the decrease is very small in the beginning [ λ max (1) – λ max (2) = 1 nm] and grows with increasing n to λ max (4) – λ max (5) = 29 nm. Thus, series 8a – e represents an until now unknown type of conjugated push‐pull oligomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Using Stigmergy to Co-Ordinate Pervasive Computing Environments (2005)

Pervasive computing environments have proven difficult to develop in a form that supports the integration and organisation of devices and applications in a spontaneous and transparent manner. This is partly due to the highly dynamic and unpredictable nature of these types of environments, and is often further hampered by the limited resources found on devices. In this paper, we present a highly decentralized method of organising the components of a pervasive computing environment, supporting spontaneous interaction between entities and providing robust system-wide behavior. Our inspiration for this work stems from nature and the observations made by the French biologist Grasse on how social insects coordinate their actions using indirect communication via the environment, a phenomenon that has become known as stigmergy. In the stigmergic approach there are fewer dependences between entities allowing for the incremental construction and improvement of solutions without adversely effecting the rest of the pervasive computing environment. The approach is encapsulated in Cocoa, a framework that supports the use of stigmergy to build self-organising environments that promotes the autonomy of entities. Experience using Cocoa has shown that entities can be integrated into a pervasive computing environment in a spontaneous manner and that coordinated behavior can emerge.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the catalytic subunit of bovine type 2A protein phosphatase. (1987)

We have isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to the Mr 38,000 catalytic subunit of bovine type 2A protein phosphatase. The cDNA was isolated from a bovine adrenal gland cDNA library through the use of oligonucleotide probes whose sequences were based on partial amino acid sequence obtained from cyanogen bromide fragments of the purified cardiac enzyme. The entire 1724-base-pair cDNA has been sequenced and found to contain an open reading frame coding for a protein of 325 amino acids having a calculated molecular weight of 37,320. The deduced amino acid sequence contains the experimentally determined sequences of five different cyanogen bromide peptides. Transfection of COS-m6 cells with the cloned cDNA resulted in transient expression of a protein that could be detected by immunoblot analysis with a monoclonal antibody directed against the purified cardiac protein phosphatase. The expressed protein had the same apparent molecular weight as the purified enzyme when analyzed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that this clone contains the entire coding region of the phosphatase mRNA. The cloned cDNA hybridizes to a mRNA of 2.0 kilobases in bovine heart and adrenal gland. Under conditions of reduced stringency, the cDNA also hybridizes to a mRNA species of 1.2 kilobases in cardiac tissue.
Chronic Kidney Disease Itself Is a Causal Risk Factor for Stroke beyond Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan (2012)

This study of Taiwanese patients indicates that CKD itself is a causal risk factor for stroke beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Primary CKD patients have higher risk for stroke than the general population and all CKD patients, irrespective of the presence or severity of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, should be made aware of the stroke risk and monitored for stroke prevention.
Thermal expansion measurements and transition temperatures, first and second order (1959)

Abstract Transitions in polymers have been studied with the use of a differential expansion apparatus modified from a design described by K. L. Floyd. Materials ranging from uncured, soft rubbers to hard, waxy solids have been studied from above room temperature down to liquid air temperatures. Both the first‐order transition temperature, T m and the second‐order transition temperature, T g , can be identified. Multiple changes in slope of the expansion curves indicate the possibility of additional second‐order transitions. Expansion curves for several diene rubbers are presented, illustrating typical transition phenomena. Expansion curves for several polyolefin materials are presented which illustrate changes in T g and in the low temperature expansion coefficient with changes in the structure of the polymer.
Reclamation Effects on Mycorrhizae and Productive Capacity of Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludge (1991)

Abstract Ten years after portions of a dewatered flue‐gas desulfurization sludge pond has been reclaimed by seeding and fertilizing, the productive capacity of reclaimed sites was higher than abandoned sites. Mycorrhizal symbiosis may be partly responsible for the increased productive capacity of the reclaimed sites, as indicated by the observation that the reclaimed sites had 2.4 times the number of mycorrhizal spores, 5.1 times the root colonization, and 2.2 to 28 times the inoculum potential of the abandoned sludge. In reclaimed sludge, 82 to 100% of all plants became mycorrhizal compared with 30 to 67% of plants in abandoned sludge. Through regression analysis, it was predicted that the reclaimed sludge sites would have a greater productive capacity than the abandoned sludge sites, even if all plants were mycorrhizal. To determine whether these differences in productive capacity were caused by differences in inoculum level, ecotypic variation in inocula, or host plant adaptation to the indigenous inoculum, inocula from an undisturbed soil, pot culture, and the sludges were compared on five host plants grown in the sludges and a prairie soil. While host, soil, and mycorrhizal status (with or withouot mycorrhizae) did affect herbage yield, inoculum source did not. In undisturbed soil, reclaimed sludge, and abandoned sludge, mycorrhizal C 3 plants were 7, 71, and 90% larger, and C 4 plants were 1300, 1100, and 600%6 larger than nonmycorrhizal plants, respectively. These studies demonstrate that reclamatio6n efforts stimulate recovery and productive capacity of disturbed sites, and that mycorrhizal symbiosis is an integral component in site recovery from disturbance.
A noninvasive laser-guided preincision localizer for spine surgery (2009)

The localization device presented herein provides accurate noninvasive localization of the target spine segment and guides precise placement of the incision over the target segment during lumbar spine surgery.
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTION BYPRODUCTS IN THE POLYMERIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (1989)

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the fastest growing thermoplastic polyesters used extensively for fibers, films, bottles, injection molded parts, and other products.
Evaluation of PCR and ELISA Assays for Screening Clinical Trial Subjects for Replication-Competent Retrovirus (1997)

Gene delivery via murine-based recombinant retroviral vectors is currently widely used in gene therapy clinical trials. The vectors are engineered to be replication defective by replacing the structural and nonstructural genes of a cloned infectious retrovirus with a therapeutic gene of interest. The retroviral particles are currently generated in packaging cell lines, which supply all retroviral proteins in trans. Recombination between short homologous regions of the retroviral vector and packaging cell line elements can theoretically generate replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) and hence the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires the monitoring of clinical trial subjects for the presence of RCR. Sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been used for the detection of murine leukemia virus (MLV) nucleotide sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A novel serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-MLV specific immunoglobulin (Ig) has been developed to be used as an alternative to the PCR assay. Both assays were used to monitor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive clinical trial subjects who had received multiple injections of HIV-IT (V), a retroviral vector encoding HIV-1 IIIBenv/rev. Western blot analysis and an in vitro vector neutralization assay were used to characterize further a subset of serum samples tested by ELISA. Results show no evidence of RCR infection in clinical trial subjects. PCR and ELISA assays are discussed in terms of their advantages and limitations as routine screening assays for RCR. The PCR assay is our current choice for monitoring clinical trial subjects receiving direct administration of vector, and the ELISA is our choice for those receiving ex vivo treatment regimens.
Using distributed objects for digital library interoperability (1996)

Information repositories are just one of many services tomorrow's digital libraries might offer. Other services include automated news summarization, trend analysis across news repositories, and copyright-related facilities. This distributed collection of services has the potential to be enormously helpful in performing information-intensive tasks. It could also turn such tasks into confusing, frustrating annoyances by forcing programmers and users to learn many interfaces and by confronting users with the bewildering details of fee-based services that were previously only accessible to professional librarians. The Stanford Digital Library project is addressing the problem of interoperability, which is particularly important because standardization efforts are lagging behind the development of digital library services. The authors used CORBA to implement information-access and payment protocols. These protocols provide the interface uniformity necessary for interoperability, while leaving implementers a large amount of leeway to optimize performance and to provide choices in service performance profiles. The authors' initial experience indicates that a distributed object framework does give clients and servers the flexibility to manage their communication and processing resources effectively.
Zur acidifizierenden Wirkung hydroxylierter organischer Stoffe auf Borsäure und Molybdänsäure (1922)

Article Zur acidifizierenden Wirkung hydroxylierter organischer Stoffe auf Borsäure und Molybdänsäure was published on March 1, 1922 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 100U, issue 1).
Cyclic strain induces an oxidative stress in endothelial cells (1997)

Hypertension imposes an oxidant stress on the aorta and also causes mechanical deformation of the aortic wall. To assess whether deformation causes an oxidative stress, isolated porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were subjected to cyclic strain, and the cumulative amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, an index of lipid peroxidation) and H2O2 (a reactive oxygen species) was measured in the eluent at 2, 6, and 24 h. TBARS were increased by 40.5 +/- 9.2% after 24 h in cells exposed to cyclic strain vs. static controls (P < 0.05). No difference was seen at 2 and 6 h. H2O2 release was increased after 6 and 24 h of cyclic strain by 22.0 +/- 8.0 and 57.6 +/- 11.1 nmol H2O2/mg, respectively (P < 0.005), but was not increased after 2 h of strain. In vascular smooth muscle cells, TBARS were not observed and H2O2 release was not increased by cyclic strain. To investigate a potential source of H2O2 induced by strain, the activity of NADH/NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme, was measured by chemiluminescence. After 2 h, cells exposed to cyclic strain had greater activity than static controls (531.0 +/- 68.4 vs. 448.3 +/- 54.2 pmol O2- x mg(-1) x s(-1), respectively, when incubated with NADH, P < 0.005; 85.8 +/- 8.9 vs. 71.6 +/- 3.8 pmol O2- x mg(-1) x s(-1) when incubated with NADPH, P < 0.05). No effect on NADH/NADPH oxidase activity was seen after 6 or 24 h. The following conclusions were made: 1) cyclic strain induces an oxidant stress in PAEC monolayers as measured by TBARS formation and H2O2 release, 2) NADH/NADPH oxidase is a potential source of H2O2 release in cyclically strained cells, and 3) mechanical deformation of endothelial cells may play a critical role in the generation of oxidative stress within the vessel wall.