gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VRML gets real the MPEG-4 way (1997)

Within the videoconferencing world, systems have existed for some time offering two way, and even multipoint, video, audio and data links. Further work on these systems is concentrated on attempts to convey more feeling of `presence', for example to provide eye contact or to represent participants in a shared virtual space. In the virtual reality community, particularly within the Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) group, much work is in progress to define distributed virtual environments. These offer immersive environments, accessible through World Wide Web (WWW) browsers, where personal representations, or avatars, can move about and interact in 3D worlds, both with the world itself and with other avatars. The new VRML 2.0 specification, with Silicon Graphics Moving Worlds proposal, now enables much more dynamic and interactive environments; and software such as Dimension-X's Liquid Reality help produce the Java code needed to give avatars and other virtual entities realistically complex behaviour. The convergence of these technologies is now obvious, and desirable, and the upcoming MPEG-4 standards development will help precisely in this new domain. This paper details the current status of the MPEG-4 standard and discusses its possible application to the field of telepresence in shared virtual reality spaces. (4 pages)
Kennedy's disease: pathogenesis and clinical approaches (2004)

Kennedy's disease, also known as spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, is a progressive degenerative condition affecting lower motor neurons. It is one of nine neurodegenerative disorders caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion. Affecting only men, Kennedy's disease is the only one of these conditions that follows an X-linked mode of inheritance. The causative protein in Kennedy's disease, with a polyglutamine expansion residing in the first N-terminal domain, is the androgen receptor. Research in this field has made significant advances in recent years, and with the increased understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, feasible approaches to treatments are being investigated. In Kennedy's disease research, the most significant issue to emerge recently is the role of androgens in exacerbating the disease process. On the basis of animal experiments, a viable hypothesis is that higher circulating levels of androgens in men could trigger the degeneration of motor neurons causing this disease, and that lower levels in heterozygous and homozygous women are protective. This is a major issue, as treatment of individuals affected by Kennedy's disease with testosterone has been considered a reasonable therapy by some neurologists. The rationale behind this approach relates to the fact that Kennedy's disease is accompanied by mild androgen insensitivity. It was therefore believed that treatment with high doses of testosterone might compensate for this loss of androgen action, with the added benefit of preventing muscle wasting. The current review provides an overview of recent advances in the field of Kennedy's disease research, including approaches to treatment.
Correlations between Serum Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Levels, Clinical Prognostic Factors, and HER-2/<i>neu</i> Vaccine-Related Immunity in Breast Cancer Patients (2006)

High serum MCP-1 levels in breast cancer patients correlate with favorable prognostic variables and increased preexisting /neu immunity. E75 vaccination induces the largest MCP-1 response in patients with unfavorable clinicopathologic variables. Therefore, low serum MCP-1 levels may identify patients with worse prognosis and those most likely to benefit from this vaccination.
Reduction of venous complications of intravenous diazepam. (1986)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs), administered preoperatively and for three days postoperatively, were evaluated for reduction in the occurrence of venous complications following conscious sedation with intravenous diazepam. Patients receiving NSAIAs had significant reduction in overall incidence of postoperative venous complications when compared to a control group receiving postoperative narcotic analgesics.
A pH-Sensitive Function and Phenotype: Evidence that EutH Facilitates Diffusion of Uncharged Ethanolamine in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (2004)

The eutH gene is part of an operon that allows Salmonella enterica to use ethanolamine as a sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Although the sequence of EutH suggests a role in transport, eutH mutants use ethanolamine normally under standard conditions (pH 7.0). These mutants fail to use ethanolamine at a low pH. Evidence is presented that protonated ethanolamine (Eth0) does not enter cells, while uncharged ethanolamine (Eth0) diffuses freely across the membrane. The external concentration of Eth0 varies with the pH (pK=9.5). At pH 7.0, the standard ethanolamine concentration (41 mM) provides enough Eth0 for an influx rate that can support growth with or without EutH. When a lowered pH and/or ethanolamine concentration reduced the Eth0 concentration below 25 microM, EutH was needed to facilitate diffusion. EutH+ cells grew normally at Eth0 concentrations above 3 microM, close to the Km (9 microM) of the first degradative enzyme, ethanolamine ammonia lyase. It is suggested that EutH facilitates diffusion of Eth0. As predicted for a transporter, EutH contributed to the toxicity of ethanolamine seen under some conditions; furthermore, fusion of EutH to fluorescent Yfp protein provided evidence that EutH is a membrane protein.
Functional Genomics of Probiotic Lactobacilli (2008)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used in fermentation processes for millennia. Recent applications such as the use of living cultures as probiotics have significantly increased industrial interest. Related bacterial strains can differ significantly in their genotype and phenotype, and features from one bacterial strain or species cannot necessarily be applied to a related one. These strain or family-specific differences often represent unique and applicable traits. Since 2002, the complete genomes of 13 probiotic LABs have been published. The presentation will discuss these genomes and highlight probiotic traits that are predicted, or functionally linked to genetic content. We have conducted a comparative genomic analysis of 4 completely sequenced Lactobacillus strains versus 25 lactic acid bacterial genomes present in the public database at the time of analysis. Using Differential Blast Analysis, each genome is compared with 3 other Lactobacillus and 25 other LAB genomes. Differential Blast Analysis highlighted strain-specific genes that were not represented in any other LAB used in this analysis and also identified group-specific genes shared within lactobacilli. Lactobacillus-specific genes include mucus-binding proteins involved in cell-adhesion and several transport systems for carbohydrates and amino acids. Comparative genomic analysis has identified gene targets in Lactobacillus acidophilus for functional analysis, including adhesion to mucin and intestinal epithelial cells, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and quorum sensing. Whole genome transcriptional profiling of L. acidophilus, and isogenic mutants thereof, has revealed the impact of varying conditions (pH, bile, carbohydrates) and food matrices on the expression of genes important to probiotic-linked mechanisms.
생태독성학적 기법을 이용한 토양오염평가 방안 (2005)

본 연구는 물리화학적인 평가방법에만 의존하고 있는 토양오염평가에 대해 생태독성학적 방법(ecotoxicological methods)을 도입하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 오염물질에 민감하게 반응하는 토양생물을 이용하여 단기간에 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 측정방법을 고안하고, 대상토양에서의 생존 및 성장률을 정량적인 방법으로 측정하여 토양의 안전성 및 오염정도를...
Near-kT switching-energy lateral NEMS switch (2010)

We present a novel architecture of pre-biased N/MEMS switch that has an effective turn-on voltage as low as 300μV (~(kT/q)/87), operating in a regime without electrostatic pull-in. The very sharp sub-threshold slope of current transduction enables deep sub <;; kT/q voltages to be used for switch operation. The switching energy can be exceptionally low, only ~2kT, coming close to the quantum-mechanical switch energy as predicted at kT. Nanomechanical switches in series with transistor technologies (BJTs, CMOS, or MESFETs) can facilitate ultra low-power circuits by eliminating leakage current in transistor circuits. Furthermore, the new switch architecture could facilitate all-mechanical digital logic that might consume even less power than hybrid solutions, and the switches are naturally radiation hard.
Analysis of Culture‐Induced Variation in Soybean (1992)

Genetic variation among culture‐regenerated crop plants can be a source of novel and desirable genetic diversity, or it can be a source of detrimental and agronomically unfavorable phenotypic variability. The objectives of this research were to determine the frequency and types of somaclonal variants obtained from culture regenerated soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Four hundred seventy‐five plants were regenerated from nine soybean cultivars via direct somatic embryogenesis from cotyledons of immature zygotic embroyos. Their R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , progeny were scored for qualitative variation and inheritance of variant phenotypes. In each generation, sufficient numbers of progeny from R 0 , R 1 , and R 2 plants were grown to ensure a 95% probability of recovering a homozygous recessive phenotype, assuming single‐gene inheritance. Phenotypic variation was observed in the R 0 , R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 generations. Variant phenotypes included partial sterility (R 0 , R 1 , R 2 ), complete sterility (R 0 ,), abnormal leaf morphology (R 0 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 ), chlorophyll chimeras (R 2 , R 3 ), chlorophyll‐deficiencies (R 2 , R 3 ), changes in growth habit (R 2 , R 3 ), yellow edges on cotyledons (R 3 ,), no unifoliates (R 3 ), dwarf plants (R 2 ), yellow‐green plants (R 3 ), and isozyme variants (R 2 ). Inheritance studies of chlorophyll‐deficient, curled leaf, and wrinkled leaf plants confirmed that these traits were genetically controlled. Segregation for genetically controlled traits initially was observed in the R 2 generation. This study produced variant phenotypes not previously reported that have potential for contributing to the understanding of the soybean genome.
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (2002)

A temporary installation of Transtek's in-mine communications system in the Lake Lynn mine was used in the mine rescue training programs offered by NIOSH in April and May 2002. We developed and implemented a software program that permits point-to-point data transmission through our in-mine system. We also developed a wireless data transceiver for use in a PLC (programmed logic controller) to remotely control long-wall mining equipment.
Synthesis of Organosilanylene−Thienylene Alternating Oligomers Bearing Ether Side Chains. Peculiar Solvatochromic Behavior in Their Fluorescence Spectra (2001)

Organosilanylene−thienylene alternating oligomers bearing ether side chains were synthesized, and their optical properties were studied. The oligomers exhibited clear solvatochromic shifts in the fluorescence maxima, probably due to the changes in the oligomer conformations, and the emission maxima moved to longer wavelength as the solvent polarity increased.
Some dithiolato-derivatives of bismuth (1968)

Some dithiolato-bismuth halides have been prepared and their acceptor properties have been investigated. Their insolubility suggests that they have polymeric structures; some adducts with pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridyl, and 1,10-phenanthroline are described.
A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3-FLUOROTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID (1997)

(1997). A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3-FLUOROTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 221-223.
Regulatory T cells in maintenance and reversal of peripheral tolerance in vivo (1996)

Whether regulatory T cells could suppress the immune responses to an unrelated Ag and could induce tolerance to that Ag was investigated. In female B6 (I-Ab) mice tolerized to MHC class II I-Abm12 (bm12) alloantigen by cyclophosphamide-induced system, regulatory T cells specific for bm12 Ag were induced. These regulatory T cells suppressed in vivo immune responses to an unrelated Ag (male Ag) that was co-expressed with bm12 Ag on the same graft. However, the immune responses to male Ag suppressed by regulatory T cells were reverted by immunization with male Ag alone, indicating regulatory T cells suppressed the induction of immune responses to the unrelated Ag co-expressed with suppressogenic determinant, but did not inactivate T cells specific for that third Ag, such as clonal anergy or deletion. These results provided that minor Ag adjacent to major Ag, even if they were expressed on the professional APC, could be suppressed in the periphery, and the responses to those minor Ag could be activated when the suppression mechanism was abrogated or ineffective.
An improved optimization algorithm for time domain equalizer design in ADSL modems (1997)

In this paper, an improved optimization algorithm for the time domain equalizer is developed in case of Frequency Division Multiplexing - based ADSL. In contrast with existing algorithms, our algorithm explicitly disregards the unused tones in the optimization function as well as in the non-triviality constraint. Some simulation results are presented for the upstream channel. It is shown that the achievable bitrate is higher than with a classical algorithm which imposes a unit norm constraint on the full target impulse response.
Permselectivity, Sensitivity, and Amperometric pH Sensing at Thioctic Acid Monolayer Microelectrodes (1996)

Gold fiber thioctic acid (TA) monolayer (thickness of ∼8 Å) ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) have been fabricated and characterized. Gold fibers were acid etched in order to produce monolayers that can act as high-quality permselective membranes. The selectivity and sensitivity of the TA monolayer UMEs compares favorably to that of TA monolayers prepared on Au vacuum deposited on large (∼1 cm(2) area) single-crystal silicon wafers. The results obtained here illustrate selectivity of the monolayer electrodes to electroinactive electrolyte anions, which participate indirectly in the electrode reaction, in addition to the previously established selectivity to electroactive cations and anions. The permselectivity of the monolayer to electrolyte anions can result in lower than expected steady-state currents at the monolayer UMEs, at the reaction potentials of fast-reacting analytes, and at high overpotentials for kinetically slow probes. Application of TA UMEs to amperometric pH sensing is also described in the determination of the pK(a) of TA at the monolayer surface. The method is compared with other methods of monolayer pK(a) measurements.
Classification of a Hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila Pathotype Responsible for Epidemic Outbreaks in Warm-Water Fishes (2016)

Lineages of hypervirulent <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (vAh) are the cause of persistent outbreaks of motile <i>Aeromonas</i> septicemia in warm-water fishes worldwide. Over the last decade, this virulent lineage of <i>A. hydrophila</i> has resulted in annual losses of millions of tons of farmed carp and catfish in the People's Republic of China and the United States (US). Multiple lines of evidence indicate US catfish and Asian carp isolates of <i>A. hydrophila</i> affiliated with sequence type 251 (ST251) share a recent common ancestor. To address the genomic context for the putative intercontinental transfer and subsequent geographic spread of this pathogen, we conducted a core genome phylogenetic analysis on 61 <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. genomes, of which 40 were affiliated with <i>A. hydrophila</i>, with 26 identified as epidemic strains. Phylogenetic analyses indicate all ST251 strains form a coherent lineage affiliated with <i>A. hydrophila</i>. Within this lineage, conserved genetic loci unique to <i>A. hydrophila</i> were identified, with some genes present in consistently higher copy numbers than in non-epidemic <i>A. hydrophila</i> isolates. In addition, results from analyses of representative ST251 isolates support the conclusion that multiple lineages are present within US vAh isolated from Mississippi, whereas vAh isolated from Alabama appear clonal. This is the first report of genomic heterogeneity within US vAh isolates, with some Mississippi isolates showing closer affiliation with the Asian grass carp isolate ZC1 than other vAh isolated in the US. To evaluate the biological significance of the identified heterogeneity, comparative disease challenges were conducted with representatives of different vAh genotypes. These studies revealed that isolate ZC1 yielded significantly lower mortality in channel catfish, relative to Alabama and Mississippi vAh isolates. Like other Asian vAh isolates, the ZC1 lineage contains all core genes for a complete type VI secretion system (T6SS). In contrast, more virulent US isolates retain only remnants of the T6SS (<i>clpB, hcp, vgrG</i>, and <i>vasH</i>) which may have functional implications. Collectively, these results characterize a hypervirulent <i>A. hydrophila</i> pathotype that affects farmed fish on multiple continents.
The Chemistry of <scp>NO</scp> ‐ and <scp>HNO</scp> ‐Producing Diazeniumdiolates (2010)

Abstract Although most diazeniumdiolates (R‐N(O)=NO − Na + ) are stable as solid salts, current interest in their chemistry stems from their ability to produce nitric oxide (NO), nitroxyl (HNO), and/or a mixture of NO and HNO upon decomposition in aqueous solution. Following a discussion concerning the synthesis of diazeniumdiolates, this chapter focuses on how the substituent (R) and experimental conditions influence decomposition chemistry and NO/HNO production. Representative applications of NO‐ and HNO‐producing diazeniumdiolates are also provided.
Notch, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, and β1-Integrin Pathways Are Coordinated in Neural Stem Cells (2005)

Notch1 and 1-integrins are cell surface receptors involved in the recognition of the niche that surrounds stem cells through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, respectively. Notch1 is also involved in the control of cell fate choices in the developing central nervous system (Lewis, J. (1998) Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 583-589). Here we report that Notch and 1-integrins are co-expressed and that these proteins cooperate with the epidermal growth factor receptor in neural progenitors. We describe data that suggests that 1-integrins may affect Notch signaling through 1) physical interaction (sequestration) of the Notch intracellular domain fragment by the cytoplasmic tail of the 1-integrin and 2) affecting trafficking of the Notch intracellular domain via caveolinmediated mechanisms. Our findings suggest that caveolin 1-containing lipid rafts play a role in the coordination and coupling of 1-integrin, Notch1, and tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways. We speculate that this will require the presence of the adequate 1-activating extracellular matrix or growth factors in restricted regions of the central nervous system and namely in neurogenic niches.
The Development and Utilisation of Vegetative Propagation in Mondi for Commercial Afforestation Programmes (1993)

SYNOPSIS This paper provides an updated review of the applied clonal programme in Mondi Forests for the production of high yield and quality Eucalayptus fibre for the Mondi Groups 450 000 tonne pulp and liner board mill. Brief mention is also made of applied research being undertaken to clone Pinus patula and promising pine hybrids for operational plantings. While capitalising on clonal material for operational plantings, the programme is based on sound genetic principles to ensure continued genetic variation, improvement and benefits in advanced generations. Many of the pitfalls and problems encountered in an applied programme are described as well as the benefits derived through being able to select for product uniformity, adaptation to a variety of growing sites and climatic conditions, disease resistance and drought tolerance. The advantages of the clonal option are being highlighted under the current and extended drought, where many trees in seedling plantations are dying from stress and an increasing incidence of diseases. The programme emphasises the importance of selecting clones with desirable wood properties to ensure uniform high quality pulp. This is critical in an increasingly competitive world market where quality and consistency will ensure a sustained demand at competitive prices.
Coordinating Disaster Relief Operations Using Smart Phone / PDA Based Peer-To-Peer Communication (2012)

During any post-disaster period, the availability of the Internet is ruled out in most cases, mobile phones are only partially usable in some selected regions. Candidate devices for maintaining minimal services are mostly expensive satellite phones or specialized point-to-point radio communication systems. As communication systems become crippled, so do the management of the relief operations. One of the common problems during disasters is that the rescue and relief operations are not well-coordinated. For this reason, there is a need for a system that will help in the efficient distribution of rescue and relief to disaster-affected areas. The objective of this paper is to propose a smart-phone/ PDA based disaster management system based on peer to peer communication only and supporting disconnected operation.
The Action of Intravenous Ethanol on Gastric Secretion (1977)

In conscious dogs, intravenous infusion of ethanol stimulated gastric acid secretion both from the gastric fistula and from the Heidenhain pouch and stimulated pepsin secretion from the fistula but not from the pouch. Acute cervical vagal block with infiltration anesthesia had no effect on ethanol-stimulated gastric secretion. After ganglionic blockade (pentolinium tartrate) ethanol stimulated neither acid nor pepsin secretion from the fistula. Ethanol did not stimulate gastric secretion when the antrum was acidified with 0.1 N HCl. From these experiments, it was concluded that intravenous ethanol stimulated gastric secretion in the main by liberating antral gastrin.
Effects of Deletion of the Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 Gene on the Progression of Murine Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (2004)

Deletion of the TIMP-1 gene results in increased and continued progression of aneurysm formation compared with wild-type mice in a unique TAA model caused at least in part by an alteration in the balance between gelatinase activity and its endogenous inhibition. Therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying MMP activity may reduce or prevent the progression of TAAs.
Suppression of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol in Experimental Animals by the Adenosine Analogue GR79236 (1993)

1. This is the first description of the metabolic activity of a novel adenosine A1-receptor agonist, GR79236. GR79236 inhibited catecholamine-induced lipolysis in human, rat and dog isolated adipocytes. 2. Oral administration of GR79236 (0.1-10 mg/kg) to fed rats induced minimal changes in the plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids and in the blood concentrations of glucose and lactate. 3. Intravenous infusion of GR79236 to fasted pithed rats, or oral administration of GR79236 to fasted conscious rats and dogs, produced time- and dose-dependent decreases in the plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration. In the fasted rats, doses of GR79236 that lowered plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids also produced hypotriglyceridaemia and anti-ketotic effects. 4. Only in the pithed rats were acute effects on the plasma glucose and lactate concentrations observed. Hypoglycaemia and hyperlactataemia occurred over the dose range studied (1 × 10−11-1 × 10−8 mol min−1 kg−1). 5. This profile of activity suggests that compounds such as GR79236 might be agents which can be used to define the role of excessive lipolysis in experimental (and human) pathophysiology.
Effect of the Synthetic NC-1059 Peptide on Diffusion of Riboflavin across an Intact Corneal Epithelium (2012)

NC-1059 peptide significantly enhances the diffusion of RF across intact corneal epithelium into the stroma.