gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface crystallography of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YSi</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films epitaxially grown on Si(111): An x-ray photoelectron diffraction study (1990)

The surface crystallography of epitaxially grown ${\mathrm{YSi}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ (x=0.3 and x=0) films on Si(111) has been investigated using x-ray photoelectron diffraction. For the ${\mathrm{YSi}}_{1.7}$ films, vacancies form an ordered \ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} superlattice within each Si plane. These vacancies are filled for ${\mathrm{YSi}}^{2}$. The analysis reveals that their surfaces are Si terminated with a displacement upward (0.8 A\r{}) of one Si atom out of two so that they exhibit the same geometry as a 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 Si(111) surface.
Improved speech recognition in noise (2005)

Recent enhancements to a connected speech recognition algorithm have led to substantial improvements in recognition accuracy especially for speech in noisy environments. The performance improvements are a direct result of three features of this algorithm: elimination of a priori speech endpoint detection; adaptation of templates for additive noise; and scoring using a likelihood ratio. Experimental results are provided which illustrate the improvements in recognition performance for both within-vocabulary substitution and out-of-vocabulary rejection.
Parylene-C passivated carbon nanotube flexible transistors (2010)

Carbon nanotubes are extremely sensitive to the molecular species in the environment and hence require a proper passivation technique to isolate them against environmental variations for the realization of reliable nanoelectronic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate a parylene-C passivation approach for CNT thin film transistors fabricated on a flexible substrate. The CNT transistors are encapsulated with 1 and 3 μm thick parylene-C coatings, and the transistor characteristics are investigated before and after passivation. Our findings indicate that thin parylene-C films can be utilized as passivation layers for CNT transistors and this versatile technique can be readily applied for the encapsulation of CNT devices such as field effect transistors, p-n diodes, and logic circuits fabricated on flexible substrates.
Virally Encoded Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in the Role of Viral Infections (2002)

Large DNA viruses such as pox- and in particular herpesviruses are notorious in their ability to evade the immune system and to be maintained in the general population. Based on the accumulated knowledge reviewed in this study it is evident that important mechanisms of these actions are the acquisition and modification of host-encoded chemokines and chemokine receptors. The described viral molecules leave nothing to chance and have thoroughly and efficiently corrupted the host immune system. Through this process viruses have identified key molecules in antiviral responses by their inhibition of these or potent ways to alter an efficient antiviral response to a weak Th2-driven response. Examples here are the chemokine scavenging by US28, attractance of Th2 cells and regulatory cells by vMIP1-3 and the selective engaging of CCR8 by MC148. Important insights into viral pathology and possible targets for antiviral therapies have been provided by UL33, UL78 and in particular ORF74 and the chances are that many more will follow. In HHV8 vMIP-2 and the chemokine-binding proteins potent anti-inflammatory agents have been provided. These have already had their potential demonstrated in animal models and may in their native or modified forms represent useful therapies in humans.
Resonant cavity based compact efficient antireflection structures for photonic crystals (2007)

We propose an effective admittance (EA) method to design antireflection structures for two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs). We demonstrate that a compact and efficient antireflection structure, which is difficult to obtain by the conventional admittance matching method, can be readily designed by the EA method. The antireflection structure consists of an air slot resonant cavity that is constructed only with the materials that constitute the PC. Compared with a bare PC, the reflection from a PC with an antireflection structure is reduced by two orders of magnitude over a wide bandwidth. To confirm the presented EA method, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are performed, and the results from the FDTD and the EA method are in good agreement.
Pulmonary environmental cues drive group 2 innate lymphoid cell dynamics in mice and humans (2019)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are enriched in mucosal tissues (e.g., lung) and respond to epithelial cell-derived cytokines initiating type 2 inflammation. During inflammation, ILC2 numbers are increased in the lung. However, the mechanisms controlling ILC2 trafficking and motility within inflamed lungs remain unclear and are crucial for understanding ILC2 function in pulmonary immunity. Using several approaches, including lung intravital microscopy, we demonstrate that pulmonary ILC2s are highly dynamic, exhibit amoeboid-like movement, and aggregate in the lung peribronchial and perivascular spaces. They express distinct chemokine receptors, including CCR8, and actively home to CCL8 deposits located around the airway epithelium. Within lung tissue, ILC2s were particularly motile in extracellular matrix-enriched regions. We show that collagen-I drives ILC2 to markedly change their morphology by remodeling their actin cytoskeleton to promote environmental exploration critical for regulating eosinophilic inflammation. Our study provides previously unappreciated insights into ILC2 migratory patterns during inflammation and highlights the importance of environmental guidance cues in the lung in controlling ILC2 dynamics.
Van der Waals complexes in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions: ozone-ethylene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVan der Waals complexes in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions: ozone-ethyleneC. W. Gillies, J. Z. Gillies, R. D. Suenram, F. J. Lovas, E. Kraka, and D. CremerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2412–2421Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human <i>α</i>-tocopherol transfer protein: cDNA cloning, expression and chromosomal localization (1995)

alpha-Tocopherol transfer protein (alpha TTP), which specifically binds this vitamin and enhances its transfer between separate membranes, was previously isolated from rat liver cytosol. In the current study we demonstrated the presence of alpha TTP in human liver by isolating its cDNA from a human liver cDNA library. The cDNA for human alpha TTP predicts 278 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 31,749, and the sequence exhibits 94% similarity with rat alpha TTP at the amino acid level. The recombinant human alpha TTP expressed in Escherichia coli exhibits both alpha-tocopherol transfer activity in an in vitro assay and cross-reactivity to the anti-(rat alpha TTP) monoclonal antibody. Northern blot analysis revealed that human alpha TTP is expressed in the liver like rat alpha TTP. The human and rat alpha TTPs show structural similarity with other apparently unrelated lipid-binding/transfer proteins, i.e. retinaldehyde-binding protein present in retina, and yeast SEC14 protein, which possesses phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer activity. Both Southern-blot hybridization of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid lines and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a single alpha TTP gene corresponding to the 8q13.1-13.3 region of chromosome 8, which is identical to the locus of a recently described clinical disorder, ataxia with selective vitamin E deficiency (AVED). The relationship between alpha TTP and AVED will be discussed.
S-100 protein in melanocytic tumors. An immunohistochemical investigation of benign and malignant melanocytic tumors and metastases of malignant melanoma and a characterization of the antigen in comparison to human brain. (1984)

An immunohistochemical investigation regarding the presence of S-100 protein in benign and malignant, primary and metastatic melanocytic tumors is reported. The studied series consisted of 15 benign nevi, 3 blue nevi, 4 juvenile melanomas, 1 balloon cell nevus, 30 primary malignant melanomas of skin, mucous membranes and conjunctiva and 30 metastatic malignant melanomas. The immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining for S-100 protein within the majority of the tumor cells in all benign tumors examined, except the balloon cell nevus, as well as in all the primary and metastatic malignant melanomas, including low-differentiated epitheloid or spindle-cell types without demonstrable melanin pigment. The results indicate that S-100 protein is a valuable marker for melanocytic tumors, especially in the fairly frequent dilemma of malignant melanoma presenting as a solitary non-pigmented metastasis of uncharacteristic light-microscopic appearance, and without known primary tumor. A characterization and quantification of the S-100 protein immunoreactivity in 5 metastatic malignant melanomas is presented. Using immuno-electrophoresis, the presence of 3 antigenic S-100 determinants was demonstrated within homogenates from the malignant melanomas, including the previously characterized S-100 A (alpha/beta) and S-100 B (beta/beta), and suggesting the presence of a hitherto undescribed variant of S-100 protein, possibly consisting of 2 alpha-subunits. Using rocket immuno-electrophoresis, the amount of S-100 protein was estimated.
<b>lavaan</b>: An<i>R</i>Package for Structural Equation Modeling (2012)

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a vast field and widely used by many applied researchers in the social and behavioral sciences. Over the years, many software packages for structural equation modeling have been developed, both free and commercial. However, perhaps the best state-of-the-art software packages in this field are still closed-source and/or commercial. The R package lavaan has been developed to provide applied researchers, teachers, and statisticians, a free, fully open-source, but commercial-quality package for latent variable modeling. This paper explains the aims behind the development of the package, gives an overview of its most important features, and provides some examples to illustrate how lavaan works in practice.
Benefit of Direct Charge Measurement (DCM) on Interconnect Capacitance Measurement (2009)

This paper discusses application of direct charge measurement (DCM) on characterizing on-chip interconnect capacitance. Measurement equipment and techniques are leveraged from Flat Panel Display testing. On-chip active device is not an essential necessity for DCM test structure and it is easy to implement parallel measurements. Femto-Farad measurement sensitivity is achieved without having on-chip active device. Measurement results of silicon and glass substrates, including parallel measurements, are presented.
Hereditary Transmission of Exceptional Resistance to Coumarin Anticoagulant Drugs (1964)

THE variability of response of human beings to many drugs is usually continuous and gives a unimodal frequency-distribution curve for the drug action measured. These unimodal distribution curves are consistent with multifactorial inheritance and are difficult to analyze for the genetic influences involved. The few drugs that have a discontinuous variation in action show a bimodal or trimodal distribution. This probably indicates a single gene system with each mode representing a phenotype1 from which the genotype may be inferred. This multimodal distribution curve of drug response is usually the result of an alteration in drug metabolism and causes increased sensitivity . . .
Time-Frequency Signal Analysis And Synthesis The Choice Of A Method And Its Application (1988)

In this paper, the problem of choosing a method for time-frequency signal analysis is discussed. It is shown that a natural approach leads to the introduction of the concepts of the analytic signal and in-stantaneous frequency. The Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) is a method of analysis based upon these concepts and it is shown that an accurate Time-Frequency representation of a signal can be obtained by using the WVD for the analysis of a class of signals referred to as "asymptotic". For this class of signals, the instantaneous frequency describes an important physical parameter characteristic of the process under investigation. The WVD procedure for signal analysis and synthesis is outlined and its properties are reviewed for deterministic and random signals.
Stacking Bagged and Boosted Forests for Effective Automated Classification (2017)

Random Forest (RF) is one of the most successful strategies for automated classification tasks. Motivated by the RF success, recently proposed RF-based classification approaches leverage the central RF idea of aggregating a large number of low-correlated trees, which are inherently parallelizable and provide exceptional generalization capabilities. In this context, this work brings several new contributions to this line of research. First, we propose a new RF-based strategy (BERT) that applies the boosting technique in bags of extremely randomized trees. Second, we empirically demonstrate that this new strategy, as well as the recently proposed BROOF and LazyNN_RF classifiers do complement each other, motivating us to stack them to produce an even more effective classifier. Up to our knowledge, this is the first strategy to effectively combine the three main ensemble strategies: stacking, bagging (the cornerstone of RFs) and boosting. Finally, we exploit the efficient and unbiased stacking strategy based on out-of-bag (OOB) samples to considerably speedup the very costly training process of the stacking procedure. Our experiments in several datasets covering two high-dimensional and noisy domains of topic and sentiment classification provide strong evidence in favor of the benefits of our RF-based solutions. We show that BERT is among the top performers in the vast majority of analyzed cases, while retaining the unique benefits of RF classifiers (explainability, parallelization, easiness of parameterization). We also show that stacking only the recently proposed RF-based classifiers and BERT using our OOB-based strategy is not only significantly faster than recently proposed stacking strategies (up to six times) but also much more effective, with gains up to 21% and 17% on MacroF1 and MicroF1, respectively, over the best base method, and of 5% and 6% over a stacking of traditional methods, performing no worse than a complete stacking of methods at a much lower computational effort.
Comments on “Compression? Yes, But for Low or High Frequencies, for Low or High Intensities, and with What Response Times?” Dillon, H. (1996), Ear and Hearing, 17, 287-307 (1997)

Harvey Dillon discusses the effect of compression on understanding speech in noise in terms of the effect on the signal to noise ratio. The most common noise with which hearing-impaired persons must contend is competing speech, and the only practical computer smart enough to separate such interference from the target speech is the human brain, using its capacity for "selective listening." Hearing aids with full-dynamic-range compression and frequency-response shaping, by restoring redundant speech cues that the hearing-impaired person no longer hears because of recruitment and high-frequency loss, can empower the user's ability to listen selectively, at the expense of degrading the signal to noise ratio under some conditions.
210 mW single-frequency diode-pumped Er:Yb:glass laser at 1.5 μm (2003)

Summary form only given. We present results on a high power diode pumped single-frequency Er,Yb:glass laser tunable at around 1.5 /spl mu/m. We build a short cavity made by a 10-mm radius of curvature output coupler and a l-mm thick phosphate glass disk.
On the Mechanisms of SiO<sub>2</sub> Thin-Film Growth by the Full Atomic Layer Deposition Process Using Bis(<i>t</i>-butylamino)silane on the Hydroxylated SiO<sub>2</sub>(001) Surface (2011)

With the continuing miniaturization of electronic devices, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique has become the preferred choice for the deposition of dense, conformal thin films. Efficient precursors that enable low-temperature deposition processes are of critical importance to ensure high-quality thin films with low impurity levels. Herein, we present a first-principles study on a full cycle of an ALD process using bis(t-butylamino)silane (BTBAS) as the precursor for developing a SiO2 thin film on the hydroxylated SiO2(001) surface with ozone as the oxidizing agent. Two possible deposition pathways were systematically studied. One leads to crystalline growth of the film, and the other gives rise to disordered growth layers. Detailed elementary processes on the surface of the substrate and the associated energetics were examined. We show that the crystalline growth pathway is thermodynamically more favorable, but the disordered growth pathway is kinetically more facile. Given enough time to settle, the BTBAS molecule will fully react with the substrate, leaving essentially few impurities on the surface. Our results suggest that BTBAS is a highly efficient precursor for growing dense and conformal SiO2 thin films with the ALD technique.
Simultaneous mooring‐based measurements of seawater CO2 and O2 off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (1997)

We deployed CO 2 and O 2 sensors on the U.S. continental shelf off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, during late summer 1994. A continuous 32‐d gas record was obtained at 20 m in 25 m of water, below the thermocline for most of the period. Analysis of the correlation between CO 2 and O 2 indicates that biological and advective processes dominated the gas variability, with small or insignificant fluxes due to air–sea exchange, vertical eddy diffusion, and carbonate dissolution or formation. The observed O 2 : CO 2 correlation was 1.39, within the range predicted for the photosynthetic quotient. Photosynthesis and respiration appeared to be tightly coupled, resulting in no net community production in these waters during the late summer. It is evident from these results that the combination of mooring‐based CO 2 and O 2 measurements will be a powerful tool for studying the marine carbon cycle.
On separation efficiency (2012)

Abstract Rising energy costs have renewed interest in energy efficient separations. Such efficiencies can be defined as the free energy of unmixing divided by the work done on and the heat added to the process. The greatest efficiencies occur when the energy cost far exceeds any capital cost. In this limit, rate processes are not important, and efficiency is governed by thermodynamics. Efficiencies for gas absorption and stripping are then typically around 50%. The efficiencies of liquid–liquid extractions are lower, especially when one solute is wanted at higher concentration. The efficiencies of membrane separations are higher, but these require high pressure, normally obtained mechanically. As a result, membrane efficiencies should be reduced by any Carnot efficiency of generating the mechanical energy. These results, which are consistent with earlier estimates for distillation, have implications for carbon dioxide capture as a route to mitigating global warming. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Comparative Genomics Reveals What Makes An Enterobacterial Plant Pathogen (2006)

The bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and species of Yersinia and Shigella. These are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. Comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecological niches and the genes that determine their pathogenicity. In addition to animal pathogens, Enterobacteriaceae include important plant pathogens, such as Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca), the first plant-pathogenic enterobacterium to be sequenced. This review focuses on genomic comparisons between Eca and other enterobacteria, with particular emphasis on the differences that exemplify or explain the plant-associated lifestyle(s) of Eca. Horizontal gene transfer in Eca may directly have led to the acquisition of a number of determinants that mediate its interactions, pathogenic or otherwise, with plants, offering a glimpse into its evolutionary divergence from animal-pathogenic enterobacteria.
Multi-layer surface segmentation using energy minimization (2002)

A multilayer, depth planes approach to image segmentation is proposed, where pixels may have arisen from a single smooth surface in the scene are represented in a common layer. Two types of output are produced at each pixel, i.e., a layer number and a vector of depth values, one value for each layer. The layer assignment performs image partitioning based on surface properties. The depth value assignment for each layer either represents the input data with the noise removed or interpolates between data values to fill-in nonvisible parts of the scene. The disjoint surfaces due to occlusion or transparency are also grouped together if they form a smooth surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>