gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ten-Year Follow-up of Drug Abusers With Acute or Chronic Psychosis (1986)

To assess whether long-term outcome of former drug abuse patients who had psychotic symptoms was related to duration of psychosis before hospitalization, the authors rated the psychiatric, occupational, and residential outcome of 101 former drug abuse patients based on interviews conducted ten years after their admission to a psychiatric hospital. At admission, 45 had had psychotic symptoms for six months or more; 26 had had psychotic symptoms for less than six months; and 30 had not been psychotic. Seventy-one former psychiatric patients who had had a psychotic illness but had not abused drugs were also interviewed and rated. Drug abusers with chronic psychosis had significantly worse psychiatric outcome than the other drug abusers and significantly worse occupational outcome than acutely psychotic drug abusers. The authors conclude that drug abusers with chronic psychotic symptoms are a distinct subgroup of drug abusers who suffer from major psychotic illness.
Attitude Control of a Satellite Simulator Using Reaction Wheels and a PID Controller (2010)

Abstract : Attitude requirements of a satellite are determined by its mission: telecommunications, optical imagery, and meteorology to name a few. A satellite's ability to orient its mission critical hardware (solar arrays, attitude sensors, etc.), as well as its mission specific payload, is incumbent upon the performance of the satellite's attitude control system (ACS). For a highly accurate ACS and for moderately fast maneuverability, reaction wheels are preferred because they allow continuous and smooth control while inducing the smallest possible disturbance torques. The objective of this research is to design, build, test, and evaluate the performance of a reaction wheel ACS on-board the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) second generation satellite simulator, SimSat II. The reaction wheel ACS is evaluated against performance measures set forth by AFIT faculty; specifically, the ability to perform rest-to-rest maneuvers and withstand worst case disturbance torques. In all, the reaction wheel ACS proves it is capable of performing rest-to-rest maneuvers and withstanding disturbance torques. However, results conclude that theoretical predicted performance is unattainable. The performance of the reaction wheel ACS hinges upon its ability to command the reaction wheels at fixed interval timing. The inability of the test bed to execute fixed interval timing caused performance degradation.
Gerhard Herzberg: An Illustrious Life in Science (2000)

Gerhard Herzberg (1904-1999) was one of the greatest scientists of the last century. Born and educated in Germany, he started his research just as the exciting discovery of quantum mechanics began unraveling the mysteries of the microscopic world. Herzberg chose to study spectroscopy, the light emitted and absorbed by atoms and molecules, which has played a central role in the development of modern science.
Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales Sensu Lato: Revisiting Hypotheses on Pollination Biology and Perianth Differentiation in the Core Caryophyllales (2009)

Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized our understanding of the Caryophyllales, and yet many relationships have remained uncertain, particularly at deeper levels. We have performed parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses on separate and combined data sets comprising nine plastid genes (similar to 12,000 bp), two nuclear genes (similar to 5000 bp), and the plastid inverted repeat (similar to 24,000 bp), giving a combined analyzed length of 42,006 bp for 36 species of Caryophyllales and four outgroups. We have recovered strong support for deep-level relationships across the order. Two major subclades are well supported, the noncore and core Caryophyllales; Rhabdodendron followed by Simmondsia are sisters to the core Caryophyllales, Limeum and Stegnosperma are successive sisters to the "globular inclusion'' clade, Gisekia is a distinct lineage well separated from Rivina within the "raphide'' clade, and Rivina and Phytolaccaceae are disparate lineages, with Rivina sister to Nyctaginaceae. The placement of Sarcobatus and relationships within the portulacaceous cohort remain problematic. Within the latter, Halophytum is sister to Basellaceae and Didiereaceae, and the clade comprising Portulaca, Talinum, and Cactaceae is well supported. Classical hypotheses argued that the early Caryophyllales had evolved in open, dry, marginal environments at a time when pollinators were scarce, and, as such, the ancestral caryophyllid flower was wind pollinated with an undifferentiated perianth. We reevaluated these hypotheses in light of our phylogeny and find little support for anemophily as the ancestral condition; however, the early caryophyllid flower is suggested to have possessed an undifferentiated perianth. A subsequent minimum of nine origins of differentiated perianth is inferred. We discuss the evidence for independent origins of differentiated perianth and highlight the research opportunities that this pattern offers to the field of evolutionary developmental genetics.
Differential Metabolic Effects of Saturated<i>Versus</i>Polyunsaturated Fats in Ketogenic Diets (2004)

Ketogenic diets (KDs) are used for treatment of refractory epilepsy and metabolic disorders. The classic saturated fatty acid-enriched (SAT) KD has a fat:carbohydrate plus protein ratio of 4:1, in which the predominant fats are saturated. We hypothesized that a polyunsaturated fat-enriched (POLY) KD would induce a similar degree of ketosis with less detrimental effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Twenty healthy adults were randomized to two different weight-maintaining KDs for 5 d. Diets were 70% fat, 15% carbohydrate, and 15% protein. The fat contents were 60 or 15% saturated, 15 or 60% polyunsaturated, and 25% monounsaturated for SAT and POLY, respectively. Changes in serum beta-hydroxybutyrate, insulin sensitivity (S(I)), and lipid profiles were measured. Mean circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate levels increased 8.4 mg/dl in the POLY group (P = 0.0004), compared with 3.1 mg/dl in the SAT group (P = 0.07). S(I) increased significantly in the POLY group (P = 0.02), whereas total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly in the SAT group (both P = 0.002). These data demonstrate that a short-term POLY KD induces a greater level of ketosis and improves S(I), without adversely affecting total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with a traditional SAT KD. Thus, a POLY KD may be superior to a classical SAT KD for chronic administration.
Assessment of the effectiveness of dental sterilizers using biological monitors. (1992)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of steam, chemical vapor, and dry heat sterilizers, over a three-year period, in dental operatories subscribing to the University of British Columbia's sterilization monitoring service. A total of 4,579 sterilizer loads were tested. The results demonstrated an overall failure rate of 4.4 per cent. Individual failure rates for each type of sterilizer were: chemiclaves, 4.9 per cent; steam autoclaves, 2.3 per cent; and dry heat ovens, 7.9 per cent. In 38 per cent of these cases, the reasons for failure could be attributed to a definite cause.
Technological innovations in deep coal mine power systems (1998)

Various innovations and changes have occurred to underground coal mine power systems during the past ten years. Some of these are the use of higher utilization and distribution voltages and associated switchgear, the use of programmable logic controllers for control, monitoring and diagnostic applications, improved protective relaying with built-in test circuitry, power-factor correction near loads for improved voltage regulation and modifications to power system component arrangements. Many of the innovations were necessitated by significant increases in power requirements of face equipment, particularly longwall equipment, while others are the result of improved technology. In either case, improved power system operating characteristics, as well as enhanced levels of safety, have resulted. This paper describes many of the major innovations that have evolved during recent years.
Expression of Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (2004)

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) was first discovered by using cDNA microarray technology as a molecular marker for prostate cancer. Our recent microarray analysis of renal cell carcinomas showed a significant increase of AMACR mRNA levels in papillary renal cell carcinomas, but not in other subtypes. To investigate the value of this marker in pathologic diagnosis, we analyzed AMACR mRNA levels in cDNA microarrays from 70 kidney tumors. Furthermore, we evaluated the AMACR expression in 165 kidney tumors on tissue microarrays and 51 papillary carcinomas of other organs by immunohistochemistry. AMACR mRNA was significantly overexpressed in 7 of 8 papillary renal cell carcinomas with an average of 5.2-fold increase, and only in 2 of 62 nonpapillary kidney tumors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong AMACR positivity in all cases of papillary renal cell carcinomas (41 of 41, 100%), including 6 metastatic papillary renal cell carcinomas, but only focal or weak reactivity in the minority (18 of 124, 15%) of other renal tumors including 13 of 52 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 3 of 20 oncocytomas, and 2 of 17 urothelial carcinomas. All chromophobe (0 of 18) and sarcomatoid components of renal cell carcinomas (0 of 15) were negative for AMACR. Weak or focal AMACR immunoreactivity was detected in only 4 of 51 (8%) papillary carcinomas arising in other organs (2 of 14 thyroid, 2 of 13 lung, 0 of 6 breast, 0 of 6 endometrium, 0 of 6 ovary, and 0 of 6 pancreas). Using a combination of cDNA microarrays, tissue microarrays, and immunohistochemistry, we identified AMACR as a marker for papillary renal cell carcinoma, which could be valuable in subclassification of renal cell carcinomas and in the differential diagnosis of a metastatic papillary carcinoma.
Hypermethylation of the <i>CD44</i> gene is associated with progression and metastasis of human prostate cancer (2001)

These results indicate an important role of CD44 methylation in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer, although the amount of methylational heterogeneity is substantial among metastatic sites within the same patient.
An abstract interpretation-based model for safety semantics (2010)

Abstract In this paper, we describe safety semantics as abstract interpretation of a trace-based operational semantics of a transition system. Intuitively, a property is safety if ‘nothing bad will happen’. Formally this is described by saying that a property is safety if it is maximal with respect to a given set of allowed partial executions. We show that this can be specified in the standard Cousot's framework of abstract interpretation. In particular, we show that this semantics can be derived as fixpoint of a semantic operator. This construction provides a formal characterization of the constructive nature of safety properties, that can be enforced by means of execution monitors. By using the same construction, we show that while safety without stuttering preserves the constructive nature, safety properties allowing cancellation of states lose the constructive characterization. Finally, we characterize safety properties as the closed elements of a closure, and we show that in the abstract interpretation framework safety and liveness properties lose their complementary nature. Keywords: abstract interpretationsafetysemanticsprogram verificationclosure operators 2010 AMS Subject Classifications : 68Q5568Q7006B35 Acknowledgements We thank the anonymous referees for the very helpful comments on the previous versions of this paper. We also thank Patrick Cousot for the useful discussions made about the ideas developed in this paper. Notes Note that and ℤ− is analogously defined. Note that, as explained in Section 2.2, in order to obtain a Galois insertion, the abstraction has to be surjective and therefore, in this case, we have to restrict the co-domain of precisely to the set of its images. α applied to infinite traces is the natural extension of the corresponding function defined in Table 3. We wrote z {0, 1} since we do not know if k m >1. Minimal here means that if we erase some other states then we cannot rebuild σ by using α.
High performance single emitter homojunction interfacial work function far infrared detectors (2003)

Results are reported on p-GaAs homojunction interfacial work function internal photoemission far infrared (HIWIP FIR) detectors with a ∼1019 cm−3 carbon doped single emitter and a barrier layer for three different barrier thicknesses. A remarkably high quantum efficiency with low dark current and an increased responsivity were observed for devices with 1-, 0.1-, and 4-μm-thick barrier regions. The dark current densities for these structures are on the order of 1–10 μA/cm2 at 4.2 K, corresponding to a high dynamic resistance compared with previous HIWIP FIR detectors. A detector with a barrier thickness of 1 μm had a peak responsivity of 18.6 A/W, a peak detectivity D*=9×1011 cmHz/W, and a quantum efficiency of 40% at a wavelength of 58 μm under a reverse bias measured at 4.2 K. Cutoff wavelengths of these detectors vary with bias and are around 70 μm as expected. The main features of the absorption and responsivity spectra are well described based on a model incorporating free carrier absorption, hot hole transport, and emission over the barrier.
Studies in Steroid Metabolism. IV. The Characterization of Carbonyl and Other Functional Groups in Steroids by Infrared Spectrometry<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Steroid Metabolism. IV. The Characterization of Carbonyl and Other Functional Groups in Steroids by Infrared Spectrometry1R. Norman Jones, V. Z. Williams, M. J. Whalen, and Konrad DobrinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2024–2034Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving RNN Transducer Modeling for End-to-End Speech Recognition (2019)

In the last few years, an emerging trend in automatic speech recognition research is the study of end-to-end (E2E) systems. Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), Attention Encoder-Decoder (AED), and RNN Transducer (RNN-T) are the most popular three methods. Among these three methods, RNN-T has the advantages to do online streaming which is challenging to AED and it doesn't have CTC's frame-independence assumption. In this paper, we improve the RNN-T training in two aspects. First, we optimize the training algorithm of RNN-T to reduce the memory consumption so that we can have larger training minibatch for faster training speed. Second, we propose better model structures so that we obtain RNN-T models with the very good accuracy but small footprint. Trained with 30 thousand hours anonymized and transcribed Microsoft production data, the best RNN-T model with even smaller model size (216 Megabytes) achieves up-to 11.8% relative word error rate (WER) reduction from the baseline RNN-T model. This best RNN-T model is significantly better than the device hybrid model with similar size by achieving up-to 15.0% relative WER reduction, and obtains similar WERs as the server hybrid model of 5120 Megabytes in size.
Low fringe-field and narrow-track MR heads (1997)

The ABS focused ion beam technique was utilized to pattern MR heads into different geometry at track edges to study side-writing performance. By spinstand testing, both written track width and erase distance were measured. An analytical model was developed to analyze the dependence of the side-writing on the etching step length. Effects of the etching width, which affects the total etching time, were also studied.
Temperature-Independent Curvature Sensor Using FBG Cladding Modes Based on a Core Misaligned Splice (2011)

A fiber-optic curvature sensor based on a core offset single-mode fiber (SMF) combined with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is presented. The FBG cladding modes are efficiently excited by the large core misalignment. The curvature of the fiber can be obtained by the ratio between the recoupled cladding mode power and the reflected core mode power. These measurements are independent from temperature variation.
Pulse shapes for ultrawideband communication systems (2005)

Pulse shapes previously proposed for ultrawideband communication systems are studied and compared to determine which provide the best performance. The performance measures considered are the bit error rate in multiple access interference environments and compliance with required spectral emission constraints. The Gaussian monocycles of higher orders and the prolate spheroidal function-based pulses are found to meet the spectral emission masks without frequency shifting. Frequency shifting and bandpass filtering must be used for the modified Hermite polynomial-based pulses to meet the spectral masks. The multiaccess performance average error rates of time-hopping ultrawideband systems using different pulse shapes are examined and compared using a newly published exact performance analysis method. The Gaussian monocycles are shown to achieve performance as good as the prolate spheroidal function-based pulses with the same effective bandwidths in numerical examples. The Gaussian monocycles outperform the modified Hermite polynomial-based pulses for the system models considered. Some tradeoffs of these pulses are also addressed in terms of the complexity of their implementations and the average bit error probabilities.
Electronic properties of gallium-arsenide field-effect-transistor structure used as detector for acoustic surface waves (1972)

A GaAs field-effect-transistor structure has been used as a detector for acoustic surface waves in the frequency range 65–200 MHz. The conversion loss is shown to be strongly dependent on the source-gate and source-drain voltages. The minimum value obtained is 26 dB for frequencies between 80 and 150 MHz.
How to encode the modulo-two sum of binary sources (Corresp.) (1979)

How much separate information about two random binary sequences is needed in order to tell with small probability of error in which positions the two sequences differ? If the sequences are the outputs of two correlated memoryless binary sources, then in some cases the rate of this information may be substantially less than the joint entropy of the two sources. This result is implied by the solution of the source coding problem with two separately encoded side information sources for a special class of source distributions.
Multiclass recognition and part localization with humans in the loop (2011)

We propose a visual recognition system that is designed for fine-grained visual categorization. The system is composed of a machine and a human user. The user, who is unable to carry out the recognition task by himself, is interactively asked to provide two heterogeneous forms of information: clicking on object parts and answering binary questions. The machine intelligently selects the most informative question to pose to the user in order to identify the object's class as quickly as possible. By leveraging computer vision and analyzing the user responses, the overall amount of human effort required, measured in seconds, is minimized. We demonstrate promising results on a challenging dataset of uncropped images, achieving a significant average reduction in human effort over previous methods.
PBIR - perception-based image retrieval (2001)

We demonstrate a system that we have built on our proposed perception-based image retrieval (PBIR) paradigm. This PBIR system achieves accurate similarity measurements by rooting image characterization in human perception and by learning user's query concept through an intelligent sampling process. We show that our system can usually grasp a user's query concept with a small number of labeled instances.
Multispectral pixel performance using a one-dimensional photonic crystal design (2006)

A photodetector pixel using a photonic crystal structure incorporating photoconductive layers has been realized. The fabricated device exploits mode discrimination and resonant cavity enhancement to provide simultaneous multispectral detection capability, high quantum efficiency, and dramatically suppressed shot noise. Detectivities as high as 2.6×1010 and 2.0×1010cmHz1∕2W−1 at the two preselected wavelengths, 632 and 728nm, were achieved, respectively.
Epidural administration of opiates by a new device (1987)

Epidural administration of opiates as a long-term treatment of cancer pain, even for out-patients, is now well established. Most reports describe intermittent injections given several times a day, which may have technical and personal disadvantages. Continuous epidural infusion may be preferable. This report describes 16 patients who were treated with epidural opiates delivered by plastic infusion pumps. Pain relief was effective, the equipment was inexpensive and home treatment was easily accomplished.
Characterization of GPR101 transcript structure and expression patterns (2016)

We recently showed that Xq26.3 microduplications cause X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG). X-LAG patients mainly present with growth hormone and prolactin-secreting adenomas and share a minimal duplicated region containing at least four genes. GPR101 was the only gene highly expressed in their pituitary lesions, but little is known about its expression patterns. In this work, GPR101 transcripts were characterized in human tissues by 5'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and RNAseq, while the putative promoter was bioinformatically predicted. We investigated GPR101 mRNA and protein expression by RT-quantitative PCR (qPCR), whole-mount in situ hybridization, and immunostaining, in human, rhesus monkey, rat and zebrafish. We identified four GPR101 isoforms characterized by different 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) and a common 6.1kb long 3'UTR. GPR101 expression was very low or absent in almost all adult human tissues examined, except for specific brain regions. Strong GPR101 staining was observed in human fetal pituitary and during adolescence, whereas very weak/absent expression was detected during childhood and adult life. In contrast to humans, adult monkey and rat pituitaries expressed GPR101, but in different cell types. Gpr101 is expressed in the brain and pituitary during rat and zebrafish development; in rat pituitary, Gpr101 is expressed only after birth and shows sexual dimorphism. This study shows that different GPR101 transcripts exist and that the brain is the major site of GPR101 expression across different species, although divergent species- and temporal-specific expression patterns are evident. These findings suggest an important role for GPR101 in brain and pituitary development and likely reflect the very different growth, development and maturation patterns among species.