gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization in Large Wireless Networks (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We analyze fading interference relay networks where <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$M$</tex></formula></emphasis> single-antenna source–destination terminal pairs communicate concurrently and in the same frequency band through a set of <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$K$</tex></formula></emphasis> single-antenna relays using half-duplex two-hop relaying. Assuming that the relays have channel state information (CSI), it is shown that in the large-<emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$M$</tex></formula></emphasis> limit, provided <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$K$</tex></formula></emphasis> grows fast enough as a function of <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$M$</tex></formula></emphasis>, the network “decouples” in the sense that the individual source–destination terminal pair capacities are strictly positive. The corresponding required rate of growth of <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$K$</tex></formula></emphasis> as a function of <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$M$</tex></formula></emphasis> is found to be sufficient to also make the individual source–destination fading links converge to nonfading links. We say that the network <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">“crystallizes”</emphasis> as it breaks up into a set of effectively isolated <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">“wires in the air.”</emphasis> A large-deviations analysis is performed to characterize the “crystallization” rate, i.e., the rate (as a function of <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$M$</tex></formula></emphasis>, <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$K$</tex></formula></emphasis>) at which the decoupled links converge to nonfading links. In the course of this analysis, we develop a new technique for characterizing the large-deviations behavior of certain sums of dependent random variables. For the case of no CS</para>
Optimum surface properties of oxidized implants for reinforcement of osseointegration: surface chemistry, oxide thickness, porosity, roughness, and crystal structure. (2005)

Surface properties of the oxidized implants in the present study, especially surface chemistry, influenced bone responses. The surface chemistry of the optimal oxidized implant should be composed of approximately 9% magnesium at relative atomic concentration in titanium oxide matrix and have an oxide thickness of approximately 1,000 to 5,000 nm, a porosity of about 24%, and a surface roughness of about 0.8 microm in Sa and 27% to 46% in Sdr; its oxide crystal structure should be a mixture of anatase- and rutile-phase crystals.
First‐principles study of nitridoaluminosilicate CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub> (2006)

Abstract Atomic and electronic structure of nitridoaluminosilicate CaAlSiN 3 ( Cmc 2 1 , No. 36), a distorted AlN‐based wurtzite superstructure with Al and Si disordered on 8b site and Ca occupying 4a site, has been investigated by first‐principles pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. The random distribution of Al/Si atoms is treated in two ways: (1) virtual crystal approximation (VCA) with a mixed Al/Si pseudopotential, (2) several assumptions of Al/Si distribution order in the primitive unit cell. Geometry optimization based on the aliovalent VCA reproduces the experimental orthorhombic structure as well as the bond lengths. The calculations of Al/Si‐ordered models lead to monoclinic structures that appear sufficiently close to the experimental structure, with the averages of the optimized Al–N/Si–N bond lengths corresponding to the experimental ones. Relative stability among the Al/Si‐ordered models appears consistent with Pauling's second crystal rule. The random Al/Si distribution leading to the experimental determination of the system as Cmc 2 1 can be explained by crystal symmetry, energetics among the ordered models, and configurational entropy effect. The electronic structure based on the VCA appears similar with those of the Al/Si‐ordered models. All the band structures indicate that the system has indirect band gap. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Alloyed Cast Iron (2014)

The effect of Cu addition on structure and mechanical properties of the gray cast iron is studied. Copper is showed to affect the graphitization process. Copper content increase up to 6 ... 7 wt. % reduces the depth of the chill layer.With further increase of coppercontent the alloys tendency to chilling effectincreases.When the cast ironcontains from 0 to ~ 7% Cu, inclusions can’t be detected using only optical microscopy. In the cast iron with 14.7% Cu, distribution of inclusions has two peaks: 30 ... 40 ... 150 microns and 160 microns. Out-of-shape cupric inclusions of the size of ~ 1 micron are detected in the ledeburite cementite.Submicron inclusions are observed in the lamellar pearlite colonies. With increase of copper content up to ~ 7 wt. % cast iron hardness and microhardness of pearlite increases.
Temperature distribution in semiconductor wafers heated in a vertical diffusion furnace (1993)

The transient temperature distribution in a row of wafers in a vertical diffusion furnace was calculated as the heating power of the furnace was PID (proportional-integral-derivative)-controlled. Radiative heat transfer was combined with axisymmetric unsteady conduction in wafers and the furnace. With feedforward control of the heating power (which means that when wafers are inserted into the furnace, heater temperature is set higher than the desired heating temperature), the temperature of the wafers reached the heating temperature rapidly. The radiative properties of silicon wafers changed from semitransparent to opaque at 500 degrees C, and the effect of this change on the temperature distribution in the wafers was calculated. It was found that thermoplastic deformation of the wafers is more likely to occur during withdrawal than during insertion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New function for high density lipoproteins. Isolation and characterization of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide-high density lipoprotein complex formed in rabbit plasma. (1981)

The addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella minnesota R595 to rabbit plasma results in a marked reduction of the hydrated buoyant density of the parent R595 LPS, from 1.38 to less than 1.2 g/cm3. Using immunopurified anti-R595 LPS antibody covalently linked to Sepharose 4B, we were able to separate the altered R595 LPS (d less than 1.2 g/cm3) from the remainder of the plasma proteins by elution of the bound material with 2.5 M KSCN. The KSCN eluate was shown to have a d less than 1.2 g/cm3 and to contain both R595 LPS as well as protein and lipid characteristic of high density lipoprotein (HDL). The major protein in the KSCN eluate is a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 26,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate and an amino acid composition essentially identical to that of apoprotein AI, the major protein of rabbit HDL. The lipid composition of the KSCN eluate is similar to that of HDL, although marked differences in the cholesterol ester/cholesterol ration and the phosphatidyl choline/phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio were observed when the KSCN eluate and rabbit HDL were compared. The formation of this R595 LPS-protein-lipid complex in plasma accounts for the marked reduction in buoyant density found when LPS is added to plasma.
Oblivious Polynomial Evaluation (2006)

Oblivious polynomial evaluation is a protocol involving two parties, a sender whose input is a polynomial P, and a receiver whose input is a value $\alpha$. At the end of the protocol the receiver learns $P(\alpha)$ and the sender learns nothing. We describe efficient constructions for this protocol, which are based on new intractability assumptions that are closely related to noisy polynomial reconstruction. Oblivious polynomial evaluation can be used as a primitive in many applications. We describe several such applications, including protocols for private comparison of data, for mutually authenticated key exchange based on (possibly weak) passwords, and for anonymous coupons.
Stereochemical Constraints on the Catalytic Hydrolysis of Organophosphate Nerve Agents by Phosphotriesterase (1999)

(1999). Stereochemical Constraints on the Catalytic Hydrolysis of Organophosphate Nerve Agents by Phosphotriesterase. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements: Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 521-524.
Millimeter-wave folded waveguide TWT development at Northrop Grumman (2002)

Summary form only given. A viable manufacturing technology to fabricate rugged, wide band millimeter wave circuits for Traveling Wave Tubes (TWTs) was developed and fully demonstrated. A simple and effective method of obtaining circuit attenuation is inherent to the technology. Eight devices operating over the instantaneous 40 to 55 GHz frequency band have been fabricated and successfully tested. Test results to be discussed include more than 100 W output power over the 40 to 50 GHz band, with unsaturated power levels of 50 W at 55 GHz, 180 W at mid-band, 135 W average power, 30 dB gain. Reproducibility of device fabrication will also be discussed. The applicability of the technology in the 80-to-110-GHz frequency range has now been demonstrated by successfully fabricating and testing for the first time ever a full gain circuit with graphite attenuator.
Key revocation based on Dirichlet multinomial model for mobile ad hoc networks (2008)

The absence of an online trusted authority makes the issue of key revocation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) particularly challenging. In this paper, we present a novel self-organized key revocation scheme based on the Dirichlet multinomial model and identity-based cryptography (IBC). Our key revocation scheme offers a theoretically sound basis for a node in MANETs to predict the behavior of other nodes based on its own observations and reports from peers. In our scheme, each node keeps track of three categories of behavior defined and classified by an external trusted authority, and updates its knowledge about other nodespsila behavior with 3-dimension Dirichlet distribution. Differentiating between suspicious behavior and malicious behavior enables nodes to make multilevel response by either revoking keys of malicious nodes or ceasing the communication with suspicious nodes for some time to gather more information for making further decision. Furthermore, we also analyze the attack-resistant properties of our key revocation scheme through extensive simulations in the presence of adversaries.
Pyrrolo [3,2-c]pyridines<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrrolo [3,2-c]pyridines1Werner Herz and Stanley TockerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 23, 6353–6355Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01628a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01628a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three wrongs make a right (1995)

When dealing with graphics operations that must be fast (like the inner loops of rendering algorithms), I usually like to do calculations with fixed-point arithmetic (that is, scaled integers) rather than floating point arithmetic. The exact scaling factor used can have some interesting effects on the speed and errors in the calculation. In this article, I'll give some titbits I've discovered or picked up from others about this. In particular, I'll talk about some of the advantages of using odd numbers of the form 2/sup n/-1 as scaling factors. The motivation for this discussion is the desire to do arithmetic on pixel values: red, green, blue, or alpha. These values are in the range 0...1, so all numbers you see here are positive. In the discussion that follows, I'll use floating point as a testbed and as scaffolding to derive integer formulas. All final calculations take place using only integer arithmetic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Unsymmetrical <i>trans</i>-Stilbenes (2009)

A small library of fluorescent and unsymmetrical trans-stilbene compounds was efficiently produced by a solid-phase synthetic approach using the sulfonate-based traceless linker system. Nickel(0)-catalyzed cleavage/cross-coupling of polymer-bound stilbenesulfonates with aryl Grignard reagents generated the desired trans-stilbenes at high yield by the multifunctional release facilitating the additional diversification of the library. The luminescent properties of trans-stilbenes are assessed, and the influence of alkyl substituents on their photophysical properties is discussed.
Large-scale sequestration of carbon via plant roots in natural and agricultural ecosystems: why and how (2012)

The soil holds twice as much carbon as does the atmosphere, and most soil carbon is derived from recent photosynthesis that takes carbon into root structures and further into below-ground storage via exudates therefrom. Nonetheless, many natural and most agricultural crops have roots that extend only to about 1 m below ground. What determines the lifetime of below-ground C in various forms is not well understood, and understanding these processes is therefore key to optimising them for enhanced C sequestration. Most soils (and especially subsoils) are very far from being saturated with organic carbon, and calculations show that the amounts of C that might further be sequestered (http://dbkgroup.org/carbonsequestration/rootsystem.html) are actually very great. Breeding crops with desirable below-ground C sequestration traits, and exploiting attendant agronomic practices optimised for individual species in their relevant environments, are therefore important goals. These bring additional benefits related to improvements in soil structure and in the usage of other nutrients and water.
A novel electrospinning target to improve the yield of uniaxially aligned fibers (2009)

Electrospinning is a useful technique that can generate micro and nanometer-sized fibers. Modification of the electrospinning parameters, such as deposition target geometry, can generate uniaxially aligned fibers for use in diverse applications ranging from tissue engineering to material fabrication. For example, meshes of fibers have been shown to mimic the extracellular matrix networks for use in smooth muscle cell proliferation. Further, aligned fibers can guide neurites to grow along the direction of the fibers. Here we present a novel electrospinning deposition target that combines the benefits of two previously reported electrodes: the standard parallel electrodes and the spinning wheel with a sharpened edge. This new target design significantly improves aligned fiber yield. Specifically, the target consists of two parallel aluminum plates with sharpened edges containing a bifurcating angle of 26 degrees. Electric field computations show a larger probable area of aligned electric field vectors. This new deposition target allows fibers to deposit on a larger cross-sectional area relative to the existing parallel electrode and at least doubles the yield of uniaxially aligned fibers. Further, fiber alignment and morphology are preserved after collection from the deposition target.
Mitral valve reconstruction: experience related to early and late mortality and reoperation. (2005)

The present authors' experience with mitral valve reconstruction was reviewed to determine the influence of anatomical and functional abnormalities on mortality and reoperation.Between 1991 and 2001, a total of 397 patients (mean age 59.0 +/- 13.4 years) underwent mitral valve reconstruction at the authors' institution. Patients were grouped according to the Carpentier functional classification as follows: type I, n = 88 (mean age 57.4 years; range: 24-81 years); type II, n = 169 (mean age 59.8 years; range: 16-81 years); type IIIa, n = 44 (mean age 52.8 years; range: 22-78 years); type IIIb, n = 85 (mean age 65.1 years; range: 33-82 years); and congenital (C), n = 11 (mean age 36.2 years; range: 18-65 years).The total follow up was 1,485.8 patient-years (pt-yr). Early mortality was: type I, 3.4% (n = 3); type II, 0; type IIIa; 2.3% (n = 1); type IIIb, 9.4% (n = 8); and C, 0 (p = 0.0028, IIIb > II and C). The late mortality was: type I, 2.1%/pt-yr (n = 6); type II, 1.1%/pt-yr (n = 7); type IIIa, 1.8%/pt-yr (n = 4); type IIIb, 4.3%/pt-yr (n = 12); and C, 1.7%/pt-yr (n = 1) (p = 0.0035 IIIb > II). The overall survival at 10 years was 79.6 +/- 4.2% (p <0.001, II > IIIb; p = 0.029, I > IIIb; p = 0.046, II > I). The reoperations were: type I, 1.4%/pt-yr (n = 4); type II, 1.9%/pt-yr (n = 12); type IIIa, 0.9%/pt-yr (n = 2); type IIIb, 0.4%/pt-yr (n = 1); and C, 0 (p = 0.0435 II > IIIb). Among the 19 reoperations there were 17 replacements, one re-repair, and one annuloplasty. The failures were predominantly type II, posterior (n = 5) and anterior (n = 5), or a combination (n = 2). The overall freedom from reoperation was 92.0 +/- 2.2% (p = NS between groups).Mitral valve reconstruction can be performed in all four functional categories with generally satisfactory results, except possibly for functional ischemic disease. The results of surgery for degenerative disease afford the opportunity for early surgical management, if proven techniques are adhered to in order to minimize the risk of reoperation. The repair of ischemic disease due primarily to ventricular dysfunction is in a state of evolution.
Formation of Water-Soluble Pincer Silver(I)−Carbene Complexes:  A Novel Antimicrobial Agent (2004)

Silver(I)-2,6-bis(ethanolimidazolemethyl)pyridine hydroxide (4a) and silver(I)-2,6-bis(propanolimidazolemethyl)pyridine hydroxide (4b) are water-soluble silver(I)-carbene complexes that were synthesized in high yield by reacting silver(I) oxide with N-substituted pincer ligands 3 (a = 2,6-bis(ethanolimidazoliummethyl)pyridine diiodide, b = 2,6-bis(propanolimidazoliummethylpyridine)pyridine dibromide). The X-ray crystal structure of 4a is a one-dimensional linear polymer, whereas the mass spectroscopy confirms a monomer in the gas phase. A change in the anion of 4a from a hydroxide to a hexafluorophosphate formed a silver(I)-carbene complex 4c that is dimeric in structure and insoluble in water. The bactericidal activities of the water-soluble silver(I)-carbene complexes were found to be improved over that of silver nitrate.
Piracy of Decay-Accelerating Factor (CD55) Signal Transduction by the Diffusely Adhering Strain<i>Escherichia coli</i>C1845 Promotes Cytoskeletal F-Actin Rearrangements in Cultured Human Intestinal INT407 Cells (1998)

Diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) C1845 (clinical isolate) harboring the fimbrial adhesin F1845 can infect cultured human differentiated intestinal epithelial cells; this process is followed by the disassembly of the actin network in the apical domain. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism by which DAEC C1845 promotes F-actin rearrangements. For this purpose, we used a human embryonic intestinal cell line (INT407) expressing the membrane-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) protein-anchored decay-accelerating factor (DAF), the receptor of the F1845 adhesin. We show here that infection of INT407 cells by DAEC C1845 can provoke dramatic F-actin rearrangements without cell entry. Clustering of phosphotyrosines was observed, revealing that the DAEC C1845-DAF interaction involves the recruitment of signal transduction molecules. A pharmacological approach with a subset of inhibitors of signal transduction molecules was used to identify the cascade of signal transduction molecules that are coupled to the DAF, that are activated upon infection, and that promote the F-actin rearrangements. DAEC C1845-induced F-actin rearrangements can be blocked dose dependently by protein tyrosine kinase, phospholipase Cgamma, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and Ca2+ inhibitors. F-actin rearrangements and blocking by inhibitors were observed after infection of the cells with two E. coli recombinants carrying the plasmids containing the fimbrial adhesin F1845 or the fimbrial hemagglutinin Dr, belonging to the same family of adhesins. These findings show that the DAEC Dr family of pathogens promotes alterations in the intestinal cell cytoskeleton by piracy of the DAF-GPI signal cascade without bacterial cell entry.
Domical Space Trusses and Braced Domes: Shaping, Ultimate Strength and Stiffness (1999)

A comparison is made of the responses of a domical single-chorded space truss with out-of- plane web members and a single-layer dome of the same chord configuration. The responses considered are the shaping of the domes from an initially flat condition to possible domical shapes, and the testing to destruction of a dome representative of each type. The tests allow the ultimate strength and stiffness of each type to be compared, and highlight the large strength and stiffness advantages to be gained by the use of an out-of-plane web system rather than a single chorded system without webs.
GABA‐Ergic interneurons of the striatum express the shaw‐like potassium channel KvS3.1 (1994)

In addition to numerous GABA-ergic efferent neurons, the striatum contains a subpopulation of fast-firing GABA-ergic interneurons characterized by the presence of immunoreactivity for the calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin. Double-label in situ hybridization with digoxigenin- and radiolabelled cRNA probes was performed on striatal sections of adult rats to identify mRNAs expressed by striatal GABA-ergic interneurons. In the dorsolateral striatum, only parvalbumin mRNA-positive neurons expressed the mRNA encoding the potassium channel Kv3.1, a member of the Shaw family of potassium channels with rapid activation and inactivation kinetics, usually found in fast-firing neurons such as the basket cells of the hippocampus. Colocalization of the parvalbumin and Kv3.1 proteins was confirmed by double-label immunohistochemistry. Parvalbumin mRNA-positive neurons expressed very high levels of the mRNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (Mr 67,000: GAD67) in the dorsolateral striatum. A smaller proportion of double-labelled neurons was found in the ventrolateral striatum. A small number of densely labelled neurons for GAD67 mRNA also expressed the mRNA encoding the dopamine D2 receptor, but none expressed detectable levels of the dopamine D1 receptor mRNA. This indicates major differences in the expression of dopamine receptor mRNA in a majority of GABA-ergic interneurons vs. GABA-ergic efferent neurons of the striatum. The results suggest that distinct molecular characteristics are associated with the distinct electrophysiological properties of striatal GABA-ergic neurons.