gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UO<sub>2</sub>-NaK Slurry Studies in Loops to 600°C (1957)

Suspensions of UO2 in NaK alloy are being studied as possible reactor fuels. Two loops have so far been constructed of one-half inch stainless steel tubing with a test volume of approximately 150 cc. The Mark I loop was operated for 400 hours between 450 and 600°C, while circulating a slurry of 4.3 volume % UO2 (36.0 weight per cent). The radioactive monitor indicated that the slurry was uniformly suspended at a flow rate of 2 ft/sec. It was found that above 500°C the UO2 dropped out of suspension, but was immediately resuspended when the temperature dropped below the critical value of 500°C. The effect was reversible and could not be eliminated even at the fastest flows. The Mark II loop incorporated a density measuring device in order to correlate the radioactivity monitor with the density of the slurry. It was found, as previously suspected, that when the counts reached maximum value the density also was a maximum, at the calculated value. One gram of powdered uranium metal added to the loop with the UO2 completely eliminated the settling above 500°C observed in the Mark I loop. There was no evidence for corrosion or erosion of the loop, and the particle size of UO2 was practically unchanged after operation at the high temperature. The UO2 could be resuspended immediately after prolonged settling.
Suprapatellar Fat-Pad Mass Effect: MRI Findings and Correlation With Anterior Knee Pain (2013)

Suprapatellar fat-pad edema with a mass effect on the suprapatellar joint recess is a common finding at MRI examinations of the knee that is rarely associated with anterior knee pain.
Comparison of Local Anesthetics as Bronchodilator Aerosols (1983)

Lidocaine aerosols have been ineffective at preventing airway constriction provoked by non-reflex stimuli. To determine if there were any advantages to using more potent amide-type local anesthetics or local anesthetics from other chemical classes, the authors compared the protection afforded by pretreatment with aerosols of lidocaine, bupivacaine, hexylcaine, and procaine against a subsequent prolonged challenge (5 min) with 10% citric acid aerosols in barbiturate-anesthetized Basenji-Greyhound dogs. The local anesthetics were administered as aerosols (4% solutions) for 10 min immediately preceding the citric acid challenge. In control experiments, that employed pretreatment with aerosols of isotonic saline rather than local anesthetics, the citric acid challenge aerosol increased pulmonary resistance by an average of 3.3 +/- 0.8 (+/- SE) cmH2O X 1(-1) X s during the first 15-min postchallenge, and reduced dynamic compliance by one-third during this time. None of the local anesthetics prevented citric-acid-induced changes in pulmonary mechanics. The average increases in pulmonary resistance (0-15 min postchallenge) elicited by citric acid aerosols in dogs pretreated with lidocaine, hexylcaine, bupivacaine, and procaine were 2.1 +/- 0.6, 2.1 +/- 0.6, 3.2 +/- 1.3, and 3.3 +/- 1.0 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s, respectively. The authors concluded that local anesthetic aerosols have little or no effect against other than reflex bronchoconstriction, and none of those tested were more effective than lidocaine.
Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Apoptotic Response of Macrophages to<i>Yersinia</i>Infection (2003)

Macrophages encode several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize bacterial components, such as lipoproteins (TLR2) or lipopolysaccharides (TLR4), and activate multiple signaling pathways. Activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB by TLR2 or TLR4 signaling promotes proinflammatory and cell survival responses. Alternatively, TLR2 or TLR4 signaling can promote apoptosis if the activation of NF-kappaB is blocked. The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes into macrophages a protease (YopJ) that inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and promotes apoptosis. We show that primary macrophages expressing constitutively active inhibitor kappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) are completely resistant to YopJ-dependent apoptosis, indicating that YopJ inhibits signaling upstream of IKKbeta. Apoptosis is reduced two- to threefold in TLR4(-/-) macrophages infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis, while the apoptotic response of TLR2(-/-) macrophages to Y. pseudotuberculosis infection is equivalent to that of wild-type macrophages. Therefore, TLR4 is the primary source of apoptotic signaling in Yersinia-infected macrophages. Our results also show that a small percentage of macrophages can die as a result of an apoptotic process that is YopJ dependent but does not require TLR2 or TLR4 signaling.
Personal Jurisdiction (1953)

A Judgment inter partes has two uses in subsequent proceedings: as a defence against a plaintiff whose case is inconsistent with its correctness, or as a weapon of attack against the party condemned by it. The basis of the first use is not that the judgment made any difference to the rights of the parties, still less that the pronouncement of a court, domestic or foreign, is infallible, but that, whether or not their rights are truly as declared, that declaration will not be allowed to be contradicted.
On the ‘Novel two-phase oxidative cross-coupling of the two-component molecular crystal of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine’ (1998)

The FeCl3-mediated, heterogeneous cross-coupling of the title compounds (1 + 2 → 3) has been re-examined and formation of the molecular crystal (1 + 2) shown to be irrelevant to the selectivity observed; a comparison of FeIII and CuII as reagents is presented.
Extraction of boundary representation from surface triangulations (2001)

Abstract Many computational science tools employ finite element meshes as discretizations of the geometrical domains, and automatic mesh generation has become an indispensable part of the discretization process. Boundary representations (BRep) of solids are the means of describing the geometrical model to the mesher, thus enabling the generator to proceed without user intervention. Significant effort has been devoted in the past to BRep construction in the frame‐work of solid modelling systems. In this paper we consider the task of converting a tesselation (triangulation) of the surface of a solid into a BRep, and propose a robust and efficient set of algorithms for this purpose. Applications include, among others, remeshing of finite element discretizations during simulations involving not only geometric distortion but also changes in topology (coalescence and fragmentation of solids, flow, and so on). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclopalladated compounds derived from ferrocenylimines. Crystal strcuture of [Pd{(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Fe[η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>CHN(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ph]}Cl(PEt<sub>3</sub>)] (1992)

Reactions of ferrocenylimines of general formula [Fe(η5-C5H5){η5-C5H4CHN(CH2)nPh}](n= 1 1a or 2 1b) with palladium(II) salts have been studied. The dimeric cyclopalladated complexes [{[graphic omitted](CH2)nPh}]Cl}2]2a and 2b were obtained when the reactions were carried out in the presence of sodium acetate and using Na2[PdCl4] as starting material. Addition of phosphine ligands PR3(R = Ph or Et) or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) to acetone suspensions of these dinuclear compounds produced the more soluble mononuclear complexes [[graphic omitted](CH2)nPh]}Cl(PR3)] with R = Ph (3a and 3b) and Et (4a and 4b) and [[graphic omitted](CH2)nPh]}(dppe)]Cl (5a and 5b). Proton and 31P NMR spectroscopic studies on these compounds confirm the formations of endo five-membered metallocycles. Mössbauer spectra of compounds 1b–5b have also been recorded. The first crystal structure of a cyclopalladated complex derived from ferrocenylimines has been determined. The compound [[graphic omitted]CH2CH2Ph)}Cl(PEt3)]4b is monoclinic, space group P21/a, with a= 15.944(3), b= 12.425(2), c= 12.682(2)Å, β= 100.19(2)° and Z= 4. The structure confirms the formation of an endo five-membered metallocycle on the ferrocene moiety.
Superconductivity and the Metal-Semiconductor Transition (1987)

Ceramic superconductors based on transition metal oxides have existed for many years but have attracted little attention due to their relatively low critical temperatures (T{sub c}). The perovskite structure has played a major role in the history of oxide superconductors. The first example of a perovskite superconductor was strontium titanate. Insulating behavior is normally found for SrTiO{sub 3}, but it can be reduced or doped to become a degenerate semiconductor which is superconducting. However, T{sub c} for strontium titanate superconductors is always below 1K. It was later found that a great variety of tungsten bronzes, A{sub x}WO{sub 3} where A = Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH{sub 4}, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc., are superconducting with T{sub c}'s as high as 6K. These structures may also be regarded as perovskite related. Analogous molybdenum bronzes, A{sub x}MoO{sub 3}, and rhenium bronzes, A{sub x}ReO{sub 3}, have also been prepared and found to be superconducting. A T{sub c} of 13K was discovered in the Ba(Pb,Bi)O{sub 3} perovskite system. This was particularly significant because 13K is the highest T{sub c} ever observed for a material not containing a transition metal. Ba(Pb,Bi)O{sub 3} was also the first superconductor discovered that could be processed by conventional ceramic processingmore » techniques, i.e. sintering in air. Finally, the authors have the discovery of high temperature superconductivity in the perovskite related systems La{sub 2-x}A{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (A = Ca, Sr or Ba) and RBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or Y).« less
An overview of biomarkers in Alzheimer′s disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest progressive, dementing neurodegenerative disease in elderly, which affects innumerable people each year, and these numbers are likely to further increase as the population ages. In addition to the financial burden of AD on health care system, the disease has powerful emotional impact on caregivers and families of those afflicted. In this advancing era of AD research, with the availability of new treatment strategies having disease-modifying effects, there is growing need for the early diagnosis in AD, often hampered by paucity of biomarkers of AD. Various candidate biomarkers for AD have been developed that can detect patients with AD at an early stage. In the recent years, the search for an ideal biomarker has undergone a rapid evolution. Novel technologies in proteomics, genomics, and imaging techniques further expand the role of a biomarker not only in early diagnosis, but also in monitoring the response to various treatments. However, the availability of sensitive and specific biomarkers requires the method to be standardized so as to be able to compare the results across studies. Inspite of tremendous advances in this field the quest for an "ideal biomarker" still continues. In this review, we will discuss the various candidate markers in five spheres namely biochemical, neuroanatomical, metabolic, genetic and neuropsychological, and their current status and limitations in AD diagnosis.
Multiwavelength fiber-amplifier cascades in undirectional interoffice ring networks (1993)

Wavelength multiplexing promises substantial capacity enhancement in interoffice telecommunications networks while preserving the survivability features that have recently become prominent.1-3 Currently envisioned network architectures require that a set of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) signals traverse a cascade of fiber amplifiers, with the number of offices, geographic size, and capacity typically determined by the number of WDM channels that can be supported. The amplifiers’ nonflat gain spectra will impose size and capacity limits that depend on the specific network architecture. These limits are not currently known. We show that a class of unidirectional WDM ring networks’ can be configured so that the amplifier cascade will support a signal set with 14 wavelengths separated by 2-nm intervals, which is sufficient for a 15-office network.
Drug delivery using composite scaffolds in the context of bone tissue engineering. (2013)

New design concepts and fabrication techniques represent novel challenges for further investigations about the development of scaffolds as a drug delivery system for bone tissue regeneration.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Nascent Transcription in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2011)

The assessment of transcriptional regulation requires a genome-wide survey of active RNA polymerases. Thus, we combined the nuclear run-on assay, which labels and captures nascent transcripts, with high-throughput DNA sequencing to examine transcriptional activity in exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence read data from these nuclear run-on libraries revealed that transcriptional regulation in yeast occurs not only at the level of RNA polymerase recruitment to promoters but also at postrecruitment steps. Nascent synthesis signals are strongly enriched at TSS throughout the yeast genome, particularly at histone loci. Nascent transcripts reveal antisense transcription for more than 300 genes, with the read data providing support for the activity of distinct promoters driving transcription in opposite directions rather than bidirectional transcription from single promoters. By monitoring total RNA in parallel, we found that transcriptional activity accounts for 80% of the variance in transcript abundance. We computed RNA stabilities from nascent and steady-state transcripts for each gene and found that the most stable and unstable transcripts encode proteins whose functional roles are consistent with these stabilities. We also surveyed transcriptional activity after heat shock and found that most, but not all, heat shock-inducible genes increase their abundance by increasing their RNA synthesis. In summary, this study provides a genome-wide view of RNA polymerase activity in yeast, identifies regulatory steps in the synthesis of transcripts, and analyzes transcript stabilities.
Isolation of Influenza C Virus from Pigs and Experimental Infection of Pigs with Influenza C Virus (1983)

SUMMARY Fifteen strains of influenza C virus were isolated from abattoir pigs in China in 1981 and antibody against influenza C virus was found in pig sera. Virus survey also showed seasonal activity of influenza C virus in pigs. Additionally, experimental infection of pigs with influenza C virus demonstrated that Chinese domestic pigs could be infected by influenza C virus and that the virus could be transmitted from pig to pig. These results indicate that, like influenza A, influenza C virus can cause natural infection in pigs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a finding.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Bacteroides gingivalis (1986)

The rapid detection of Bacteroides gingivalis by immunological methods using monoclonal antibodies could greatly improve the diagnosis and prognosis of severe periodontal disease in adults. In this study, three distinct hybridomas were produced which secrete monoclonal antibodies to soluble and whole-cell antigen preparations of B. gingivalis. The BGII, V F9/2D hybridoma produced a murine antibody that can detect all of the B. gingivalis isolates studied while never cross-reacting with the other oral microbial antigens tested.
First-principles study of roles of Cu and Cl in polycrystalline CdTe (2016)

Cu and Cl treatments are important processes to achieve high efficiency polycrystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, thus it will be beneficial to understand the roles they play in both bulk CdTe and CdTe grain boundaries (GBs). Using first-principles calculations, we systematically study Cu and Cl-related defects in bulk CdTe. We find that Cl has only a limited effect on improving p-type doping and too much Cl can induce deep traps in bulk CdTe, whereas Cu can enhance p-type doping of bulk CdTe. In the presence of GBs, we find that, in general, Cl and Cu will prefer to stay at GBs, especially for those with Te-Te wrong bonds, in agreement with experimental observations.
NALTREXONE INTEGRATED NEUROLEPTIC TREATMENT FOR NEGATIVE SCHIZOPHRENIC SYMPTOMS (1992)

Marchesi, G. F.*; Cotani, P.*; Santone, G.*; Troiani, G.*; Marsili, A.*; Chelli, F.** Author Information
ONLINE ADVERTISING DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS (2012)

Recent years are a testimony to the astonishing development of the Internet, an increasingly important factor in current lifestyle. Internet advertising, as well, has seen a similar development, since marketers' online advertising budgets are growing as the years go by. In this study, I passed questionnaires to Israeli businesses and checked whether there is a difference in efficiency between two of the following types of online advertisement: banner advertisement and pop-up advertisement. I also characterized the respondents with respect to their preferred type of advertisement. The results of the latter showed that the number of clickers on banner advertisement is higher than that of pop-up advertisement, and that its efficiency rates are higher as well. In addition, the characterization of advertisers gave that the probability to advertise a banner advertisement is higher if the manager is either a female, married, older than 40 and employed in the construction, Car Dealership or wedding industry.
Queuing Delay and Achievable Throughput in Random Access Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

In this paper we focus on characterizing the average end-to-end delay and maximum achievable per-node throughput in random access multihop wireless ad hoc networks with stationary nodes. We present an analytical model that takes into account the number of nodes, the random packet arrival process, the extent of locality of traffic, and the back off and collision avoidance mechanisms of random access MAC. We model random access multihop wireless networks as open G/G/1 queuing networks and use diffusion approximation to evaluate closed form expressions for the average end-to-end delay. The mean service time of nodes is derived and used to obtain the maximum achievable per-node throughput. The analytical results obtained here from the queuing network analysis are discussed with regard to similarities and differences from the well established information-theoretic results on throughput and delay scaling laws in ad hoc networks. We also investigate the extent of deviation of delay and achievable throughput in a real world network from the analytical results presented in this paper. We perform extensive simulations and verify that the analytical results closely match the results obtained from simulations
Performance of a 46-Gbps Dual-Polarization QPSK Transceiver in a High-PMD Fiber Transmission Experiment (2008)

A coherent dual-polarization-QPSK transceiver with real-time decoding is demonstrated over 50-ps mean DGD fiber with near-Maxwellian statistics. Eighty-channel transmission across 800-km TrueWave-RS fiber plus high-PMD fiber is achieved, with instantaneous DGD as high as 127ps.
Evaluation of a Polymer-Coated Indwelling Catheter in Prevention of Infection (1974)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1974Evaluation of a Polymer-Coated Indwelling Catheter in Prevention of Infection Thomas Monson, and Calvin M. Kunin Thomas MonsonThomas Monson More articles by this author , and Calvin M. KuninCalvin M. Kunin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59932-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByRoberts J, Fussell E and Kaack M (2018) Bacterial Adherence to Urethral CathetersJournal of Urology, VOL. 144, NO. 2 Part 1, (264-269), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1990.Kunin C, Chin Q and Chambers S (2018) Formation of Encrustations on Indwelling Urinary Catheters in the Elderly: A Comparison of Different types of Catheter Materials in “Blockers” and “Nonblockers”Journal of Urology, VOL. 138, NO. 4 Part 1, (899-902), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1987.Monson T, Macalalad F, Hamman J and Kunin C (2018) Evaluation of a Vented Drainage System in Prevention of BacteriuriaJournal of Urology, VOL. 117, NO. 2, (216-219), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1977. Volume 111Issue 2February 1974Page: 220-222 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Thomas Monson More articles by this author Calvin M. Kunin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Binding and Photoreactivity of Psoralen Linked to Triple Helix-Forming Oligonucleotides ¶ (2000)

Triple helix-forming oligonucleotides conjugated to a psoralen (psoTFO) have been designed to bind to three distinct purine-rich sequences within the human interstitial collagenase (MMP1) gene. Gel mobility shift assays indicate that these psoTFO bind to and photoreact with model target DNA sequences following ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. The dissociation constants for binding of the psoTFO to their targets range from 0.3 to 4 microM. Psoralen monoadducts with the purine-rich target strand and interstrand crosslinks are efficiently formed on targets containing either 5'-ApT-3' or 5'-TpA-3' sequences adjacent to the TFO binding sequence. The dependence of adduct formation on UVA dose has provided quantitative estimates of the overall rate constants for psoralen monoadduct and crosslink formation in the presence of a TFO. When psoralen is tethered to a TFO, the rate of monoadduct formation exceeds that of crosslinking for all sequences studied. This contrasts with the relatively low rate of monoadduct formation that has been reported for free psoralens, suggesting that the bound TFO facilitates the initial photochemistry that generates monoadducts, but does not significantly affect interstrand crosslink formation. psoTFO and UVA treatment inhibit DNA cleavage by a restriction endonuclease when the psoralen covalently reacts directly at the endonuclease site. The particular TFO studied do not completely inhibit endonuclease activity when they are noncovalently bound or when the covalent psoralen adduct does not coincide with the endonuclease site. Our findings confirm that TFO are capable of directing psoralen photoadducts to specific DNA targets and suggest that TFO can significantly modulate psoralen photoreactivity and DNA-protein interactions.
Unmodified mRNA in LNPs constitutes a competitive technology for prophylactic vaccines (2017)

mRNA represents a promising new vaccine technology platform with high flexibility in regard to development and production. Here, we demonstrate that vaccines based on sequence optimized, chemically unmodified mRNA formulated in optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are highly immunogenic and well tolerated in non-human primates (NHPs). Single intramuscular vaccination of NHPs with LNP-formulated mRNAs encoding rabies or influenza antigens induced protective antibody titers, which could be boosted and remained stable during an observation period of up to 1 year. First mechanistic insights into the mode of action of the LNP-formulated mRNA vaccines demonstrated a strong activation of the innate immune response at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Activation of the innate immune system was reflected by a transient induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and activation of the majority of immune cells in the dLNs. Notably, our data demonstrate that mRNA vaccines can compete with licensed vaccines based on inactivated virus or are even superior in respect of functional antibody and T cell responses. Importantly, we show that the developed LNP-formulated mRNA vaccines can be used as a vaccination platform allowing multiple, sequential vaccinations against different pathogens. These results provide strong evidence that the mRNA technology is a valid approach for the development of effective prophylactic vaccines to prevent infectious diseases.