gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking Fusion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Transplantation to the Heart (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are transplanted to the heart, cartilage, and other tissues to recover lost function or at least limit overactive immune responses. Analysis of tissues after MSC transplantation shows evidence of fusion between MSCs and the cells of the recipient. To date, the biologic implications of cell fusion remain unclear. A newly developed in vivo tracking system was used to identify MSC fusion products in living mice. The migratory patterns of fusion products were determined both in the target organ (i.e., the heart) and in distal organs. This study shows, for the first time, evidence of fusion products at sites distal from the target organ and data to suggest that migration occurs via the vasculature. These results will inform and improve future, MSC-based therapeutics.
Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis of Growth at Cranial Vault Sutures in the Rabbit (1983)

Biometric characterization of rabbit cranial vault bone separation was attempted to further elucidate sutural growth mechanisms. The internasal and frontonasal sutures, connected to the facial skeleton, were also investigated. 17 male New Zealand white rabbits were studied from age 4 to 21 weeks using roentgen stereophotogrammetry with tantalum implants. A uniform cranial growth pattern with successively decreasing rates was observed, as were different growth rates at the neurocranial bones relative to those of the facial skeleton. Anteroposterior length increase was due mainly to bone separation at the frontonasal suture. Growth at the sagittal suture was minimal. Minor rate fluctuations and compensatory rebounds after periods of reduced growth were continuously observable. Small left-right differences within each individual were registered. Oscillations in growth rate across adjacent sutural areas and occasional negative growth values imply that bone separation at sutures demonstrates an alternating pattern of translations and rotations. The experimental data demonstrated the plasticity and variability of normal cranial vault growth.
Evaluation of the iron chelation potential of hydrazones of pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde using the hepatocyte in culture (1992)

A range of new analogues of the promising iron chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone was prepared and assessed for activity in reducing hepatocyte iron, mechanism of action and potential in iron-chelation therapy. A total of 45 compounds were synthesized by condensation of aromatic aldehydes (pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde) with various acid hydrazides prepared by systematic substitutions on the benzene ring or by the replacement of the ring with an acetyl, pyridyl, furoyl or thiophene moiety. The effects of these compounds on 59Fe uptake and intracellular distribution in hepatocytes in culture and on 59Fe mobilization from prelabeled hepatocytes were assessed. Toxicity, lipophilicity and the ability to chelate plasma transferrin-bound 59Fe were also evaluated. Several compounds were much more active than pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and may have clinical potential. These included pyridoxal benzoyl hydrazone, pyridoxal p-methoxybenzoyl hydrazone, pyridoxal m-fluorobenzoyl hydrazone and pyridoxal 2-pyridyl hydrazone. All were more effective at reducing iron uptake than mobilizing hepatocyte iron; they also may act primarily on the transit iron pool rather than on storage iron. Other compounds (e.g., salicylaldehyde p-t-butyl-benzoyl hydrazone) redistributed ferritin-59Fe to different intracellular sites but had little net effect on hepatocyte iron levels.
Characterization of Potato virus Y (PVY) molecular determinants involved in the vein necrosis symptom induced by PVYN isolates in infected Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi (2005)

Viral molecular determinant(s) involved in the tobacco vein necrosis (TVN) symptom induced by necrotic isolates of Potato virus Y (PVY) on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi leaves remain undetermined. Reference isolates belonging to PVY(N) (infectious PVY(N)-605 clone) and PVY(O) (PVY(O)-139) were used to produce PVY chimeric genomes by using reverse-genetic techniques. These chimeric clones were inoculated biolistically onto Nicotiana clevelandii plants to establish the clone, prior to being tested on N. tabacum for their ability to induce TVN symptoms. Comparison between sequence data and symptoms observed for each mutated PVY construct shows that the C-terminal part of the multifunctional HC-Pro protein includes two residues (K(400) and E(419)) that are involved in TVN induced by PVY(N) isolates. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to confirm that these two HC-Pro residues are involved in the TVN phenotype.
Low-loss field-installable biconic connectors for single-mode fibers (1983)

Molded biconic connectors are successfully being used in large quantities in the Bell System's multimode lightwave systems, with losses of the order of 0.5 dB routinely being achieved.1 To obtain a similar performance with single-mode fibers, approximately an order of magnitude improved alignment tolerances are required. Typically single-mode fibers operating in the 1.3-μm wavelength region have core diameters between 8 and 10 μm. Therefore, to achieve losses of the order of 0.5 dB, the fiber cores have to be aligned to within 1.5 μm, and with an angular offset below 1°. As previously reported, this type of precision can be achieved with a taper-trimming technique, and losses of 0.28 dB (average) could readily be achieved with standard-toleranced fibers.2 While this technique requires termination of the fibers before trimming, we describe in the following a field-installable connector plug that when used with existing multimode hardware, a more tightly toleranced biconic alignment sleeve that is selected from standard multimode sleeve fabrication, and precisely concentric fibers, also results in the required precision alignment and correspondingly low insertion losses (Fig. 1).
A note on onset effects in binaural hearing (1993)

Various definitions of interaural "onset" delays in binaural stimuli have led to discrepant conclusions about the relative strength of onset versus ongoing cues. A distinction is offered here between gating (envelope-onset) delays, and early fine-structure (carrier) delays. This distinction, in conjunction with independent experimental results on the relative effectiveness of interaural envelope and carrier delays, leads to a reconciling interpretation.
Optimal Constraint-Based Loop-Shaping in the Cepstral Domain (2007)

Simple active noise-canceling systems (such as noise canceling headphones) use a feedback mechanism whereby the signal recorded by a microphone placed near the loudspeaker is phase-inverted and sent back through the loudspeaker via a feedback filter. The feedback filter is designed to achieve a high gain at low frequencies (for best noise reduction) while maintaining closed-loop stability under various conditions. To design the feedback filter, fairly ad-hoc techniques were traditionally used under the broad denomination of "loop-shaping" until the advent in the 1980s of optimal H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> algorithms. The design technique outlined in this letter uses a cepstral domain approach, where gain and phase constraints take a convenient linear form, and linear programming to design the unique optimal feedback filter
Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> for Solar Cells and Lithium Batteries (2006)

Nanocrystalline TiO2 (anatase) has attracted considerable interest for applications in photoelectrochemical solar cells. This device is based on charge injection from photoexcited organometallic dye which is adsorbed on the TiO2 surface. Titanium dioxide can electrochemically accommodate Li+ which is useful for a design of new Li-ion batteries. Whereas the charge storage in anatase or rutile is based on the Li-insertion into the bulk crystal, the monoclinic TiO2(B) exhibits an unusual pseudocapacitive Li-storage mechanism. The photoelectrochemical and Liinsertion activity of mesoscopic TiO2 depend significantly on the electrode morphology.
Structural Health Monitoring (2012)

Written by global leaders and pioneers in the field, this book is a must-have read for researchers, practicing engineers and university faculty working in SHM. Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective is the first comprehensive book on the general problem of structural health monitoring. The authors, renowned experts in the field, consider structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm, first explaining the paradigm in general terms then explaining the process in detail with further insight provided via numerical and experimental studies of laboratory test specimens and in-situ structures. This paradigm provides a comprehensive framework for developing SHM solutions. Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective makes extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of the technical literature, the experience they have gained from teaching numerous courses on this subject, and the results of performing numerous analytical and experimental structural health monitoring studies. Considers structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm Emphasises an integrated approach to the development of structural health monitoring solutions by coupling the measurement hardware portion of the problem directly with the data interrogation algorithms Benefits from extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of 800 papers in the technical literature and the experience they have gained from teaching numerous short courses on this subject.
Rational development of a combined mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza (2022)

As the world continues to experience the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza remain a cause of severe morbidity and mortality globally. Worse yet, coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) leads to more severe clinical outcomes. The development of a combined vaccine against both COVID-19 and influenza is thus of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we developed and characterized a novel mRNA vaccine encoding the HA antigen of influenza A (H1N1) virus, termed ARIAV. Then, ARIAV was combined with our COVID-19 mRNA vaccine ARCoV, which encodes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, to formulate the final combined vaccine, AR-CoV/IAV. Further characterization demonstrated that immunization with two doses of AR-CoV/IAV elicited robust protective antibodies as well as antigen-specific cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. More importantly, AR-CoV/IAV immunization protected mice from coinfection with IAV and the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants. Our results highlight the potential of the LNP-mRNA vaccine platform in preventing COVID-19 and influenza, as well as other respiratory diseases.
Hypoxic stress tolerance of the blind subterranean mole rat: Expression of erythropoietin and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (2004)

Blind subterranean mole rats (Spalax, Spalacidae) evolved adaptive strategies to cope with hypoxia that climaxes during winter floods in their burrows. By using real-time PCR, we compared gene expression of erythropoietin (Epo), a key regulator of circulating erythrocytes, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), Epo expression inducer, in the kidneys of Spalax and white rats, Rattus norvegicus. Our results show significantly higher, quicker, and longer responses to different O(2) levels in Spalax compared with Rattus. (i) In normoxia, both Spalax and Rattus kidneys produce small amounts of Epo. Maximal expression of Rattus Epo is noticed after a 4-h hypoxia at 6% O(2). Under these conditions, Spalax Epo levels are 3-fold higher than in Rattus. After 24 h of 10% O(2), Spalax Epo reaches its maximal expression, remarkably 6-fold higher than the maximum in Rattus; (ii) the HIF-1 alpha level in normoxia is 2-fold higher in Spalax than in Rattus. Spalax HIF-1 alpha achieves maximal expression after 4-h hypoxia at 3% O(2), a 2-fold increase compared with normoxia, whereas no significant change was detected in Rattus HIF-1 alpha at any of the conditions studied; (iii) at 6% O(2) for 10 h, in which Rattus cannot survive, Epo and HIF-1 alpha levels in Spalax galili, living in heavily flooded soils, are higher than in Spalax judaei, residing in light aerated soil. We suggest that this pattern of Epo and HIF-1 alpha expression is a substantial contribution to the adaptive strategy of hypoxia tolerance in Spalax, evolved during 40 million years of evolution to cope with underground hypoxic stress.
Deformable image registration of CT and truncated cone-beam CT for adaptive radiation therapy (2013)

Truncation of a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image, mainly caused by the limited field of view (FOV) of CBCT imaging, poses challenges to the problem of deformable image registration (DIR) between computed tomography (CT) and CBCT images in adaptive radiation therapy (ART). The missing information outside the CBCT FOV usually causes incorrect deformations when a conventional DIR algorithm is utilized, which may introduce significant errors in subsequent operations such as dose calculation. In this paper, based on the observation that the missing information in the CBCT image domain does exist in the projection image domain, we propose to solve this problem by developing a hybrid deformation/reconstruction algorithm. As opposed to deforming the CT image to match the truncated CBCT image, the CT image is deformed such that its projections match all the corresponding projection images for the CBCT image. An iterative forward-backward projection algorithm is developed. Six head-and-neck cancer patient cases are used to evaluate our algorithm, five with simulated truncation and one with real truncation. It is found that our method can accurately register the CT image to the truncated CBCT image and is robust against image truncation when the portion of the truncated image is less than 40% of the total image.
Lev Termen's Great Seal bug analyzed (2013)

The analysis presented in this article shows that the Great Seal bug has a well-coupled eigenmode around 1800 MHz, which is consistent with some of the references. This was probably one of the harmonics of the illumination source, as a high transmit power at the lower frequency would have been easier to generate. In addition, the interaction between acoustically introduced vibrations of the diaphragm would generate an AM signal that could be detected remotely.
<title>Tree-structured nonlinear filter and wavelet transform for microcalcification segmentation in mammography</title> (1993)

The development of an extensive array of algorithms for both image enhancement and feature extraction for microcalcification cluster detection is reported. Specific emphasis is placed on image detail preservation and automatic or operator independent methods to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of detection and that should allow standardization of breast screening procedures. Image enhancement methods include both novel tree structured non-linear filters with fixed parameters and adaptive order statistic filters designed to further improve detail preservation. Novel feature extraction methods developed include both two channel tree structured wavelet transform and three channel quadrature mirror filter banks with multiresolution decomposition and reconstruction specifically tailored to extract MCC's. These methods were evaluated using fifteen representative digitized mammograms where similar sensitivity (true positive (TP) detection rate 100%) and specificity (0.1 - 0.2 average false positive (FP) MCC's/image) was observed but with varying degrees of detail preservation important for characterization of MCC's. The image enhancement step proved to be very critical to minimize image noise and associated FP detection rates for MCC's or individual microcalcifications.
Reactive compatibilization and in‐line morphological analysis of blends of PET and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (2001)

Abstract The reactive extrusion of a compatibilized polyethylene terephthlate and thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester blend system is investigated via in‐line optical microscopy and light scattering. The reactivity, morphology, rheological behavior and mechanical properties were studied. It was found that a droplet‐fiber transition in the liquid crystalline polymer can occur, and this transition is dependent upon the reactivity, the viscosity ratio of the blend components and the shear fields. The fibers are strongly oriented along the flow direction when specific processing conditions are met. An enhancement in the mechanical properties correlates with the morphology. The formation, deformation and stability of the fiber microstructure under different flow conditions are discussed.
New drug susceptibility test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the hybridization protection assay (1996)

We developed a novel method for early detection of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the hybridization protection assay (HPA). The number of viable bacteria during the incubation period correlated well with the number of relative light units measured by the HPA. In addition, the relative light unit values of susceptible strains on the first, third and fifth days of incubation were significantly different from those of resistant strains for both isoniazid and rifampin. Our results suggest that after isolation of the organism from clinical specimens, drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are accurately detected by the HPA even after 1 day of incubation with the drug.
Nimbus Satellite Infrared Spectrometer Experiment (1970)

Two infrared grating spectrometers have been developed for the Nimbus meteorological satellite program to determine the feasibility of indirectly sensing vertical atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from space. Each instrument senses radiation in the 15 m carbon dioxide band. The second instrument flown on Nimbus IV, has the added capability of a sensing-beam scan for better geographic-data sampling, and it also measures in six additional spectral intervals in the water-vapor rotation band. From inflight calibrations the digitized voltage outputs are transformed into spectral radiances which are in turn transformed into vertical profiles of temperature and humidity. Examples of temperature profiles near the Philippine Islands are shown. These indicate time and location differences in the temperatures of the upper troposphere and the stratosphere obtained from the two independent satellite measurements.
A H2-evolving photocathode based on direct sensitization of MoS3 with an organic photovoltaic cell (2013)

An organic solar cell based on a poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT): phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid (PCBM) bulk hetero-junction was directly coupled with molybdenum sulfide resulting in the design of a new type of photocathode for the production of hydrogen. Both the light-harvesting system and the catalyst were deposited by low-cost solution-processed methods, i.e. spin coating and spray coating respectively. Spray-coated MoS<sub>3</sub> films are catalytically active in strongly acidic aqueous solutions with the best efficiencies for thicknesses of 40 to 90 nm. The photocathodes display photocurrents higher than reference samples, without catalyst or without coupling with a solar cell. Analysis by gas chromatography confirms the light-induced hydrogen evolution. The addition of titanium dioxide in the MoS<sub>3</sub> film enhances electron transport and collection within thick films and therefore the performance of the photocathode.
Characterization of resistance-welded thermoplastic composite double-lap joints under static and fatigue loading (2013)

An experimental investigation of resistance welding of thermoplastic composite double lap shear (DLS) joints is presented. DLS specimens consisting of unidirectional carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK), carbon fibre/polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK), carbon fibre/polyetherimide (CF/PEI) and 8-harness satin weave fabric glass fibre/polyetherimide (GF/PEI) composites were resistance welded using a stainless steel mesh heating element. The welded specimens were tested under static and fatigue loadings, and the quality of the welds was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Weld strengths of 53, 49, 45 and 34 MPa were obtained for CF/PEEK, CF/PEKK, CF/PEI and GF/PEI DLS joints, respectively. Indefinite fatigue lives were obtained between 20 and 30% of the ultimate static failure loads of the joints. Performances of the resistance-welded DLS and single lap shear (SLS) joints were compared. It was shown that the effect of joint geometry, that is, DLS versus SLS, on the mechanical performance of the resistance-welded joints is minimal, indicating a good resistance of welded joints to peel stresses.
Energy-Efficient Hardware Data Prefetching (2009)

Extensive research has been done in prefetching techniques that hide memory latency in microprocessors leading to performance improvements. However, the energy aspect of prefetching is relatively unknown. While aggressive prefetching techniques often help to improve performance, they increase energy consumption by as much as 30% in the memory system. This paper provides a detailed evaluation on the energy impact of hardware data prefetching and then presents a set of new energy-aware techniques to overcome prefetching energy overhead of such schemes. These include compiler-assisted and hardware-based energy-aware techniques and a new power-aware prefetch engine that can reduce hardware prefetching related energy consumption by 7-11 ×. Combined with the effect of leakage energy reduction due to performance improvement, the total energy consumption for the memory system after the application of these techniques can be up to 12% less than the baseline with no prefetching.
Battery Cycle Life Prediction with Coupled Chemical Degradation and Fatigue Mechanics (2012)

Coupled mechanical-chemical degradation of electrodes upon charging and discharging has been recognized as a major failure mechanism in lithium ion batteries. The instability of commonly employed electrolytes results in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Although the SEI layer is necessary, as it passivates the electrode-electrolyte interface from further solvent decomposition, SEI formation consumes lithium and thus contributes to irreversible capacity loss. In this paper, we study irreversible capacity loss in a graphite-LiFePO4 cell. Our results support the mechanism of irreversible capacity loss due to the consumption of lithium in forming SEI. We attribute irreversible capacity loss to diffusion induced stresses (DISs) that cause pre-existing cracks on the electrode surfaces to grow gradually upon cycling, leading to the growth of SEI on the newly exposed electrode surfaces. Because lithium is consumed in forming the new SEI, irreversible capacity loss continues with cycling. Along with the SEI formation upon newly exposed (cracked) surfaces, the existing SEI thickness also grows with cycling, resulting in additional loss of lithium. In this study, we provide, a simple mathematical model, based on the Paris' Law formulation of mechanical fatigue, in combination with chemical degradation to explain battery life. We compare the predicted capacity at different temperatures with the experimental data obtained from electrochemical measurements on graphite-LiFePO4 cells.