gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformation twinning and residual stress in calcite studied with synchrotron polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction (2011)

Microstructures of deformed calcite in marble from the Bergell Alps are studied by using a microfocused polychromatic synchrotron X-ray beam. The high spatial resolution, together with orientation and strain resolutions, reveals twin plane orientation, multiple twin lamellae, and strain distributions associated with the twins. Single and multiple mechanical twins on $$ e = \left\{ {01\overline{1} 8} \right\} $$ systems are confirmed. Residual stresses are derived from the strain tensor that is derived from Laue diffraction patterns. Average lattice strains from several hundred to over one thousand microstrains are detected in a deformed marble from the Bergell Alps. Such strains suggest 60–120 MPa residual stresses. A detailed study of strain components shows that shear stresses on twin planes are completely released.
Promoter DNA Methylation of Oncostatin M receptor-β as a Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Marker in Colon Cancer (2009)

In addition to genetic changes, the occurrence of epigenetic alterations is associated with accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic events that promote the development and progression of human cancer. Previously, we reported a set of candidate genes that comprise part of the emerging "cancer methylome". In the present study, we first tested 23 candidate genes for promoter methylation in a small number of primary colon tumor tissues and controls. Based on these results, we then examined the methylation frequency of Oncostatin M receptor-beta (OSMR) in a larger number of tissue and stool DNA samples collected from colon cancer patients and controls. We found that OSMR was frequently methylated in primary colon cancer tissues (80%, 80/100), but not in normal tissues (4%, 4/100). Methylation of OSMR was also detected in stool DNA from colorectal cancer patients (38%, 26/69) (cut-off in TaqMan-MSP, 4). Detection of other methylated markers in stool DNA improved sensitivity with little effect on specificity. Promoter methylation mediated silencing of OSMR in cell lines, and CRC cells with low OSMR expression were resistant to growth inhibition by Oncostatin M. Our data provide a biologic rationale for silencing of OSMR in colon cancer progression and highlight a new therapeutic target in this disease. Moreover, detection and quantification of OSMR promoter methylation in fecal DNA is a highly specific diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
Magnetic elements in arithmetic and control circuits (1955)

The characteristics of square-loop ferromagnetic cores and the basic circuits from which logical elements can be formed are described briefly and several typical applications are discussed. Future applications are expected to expand beyond electronic computers to include the fields of industrial control and communication.
Modification of Fluid Flow and Heat Transport in Vertical Bridgman Configurations by Rotating Magnetic Fields (1997)

Abstract Applying a rotating magnetic field to an electrically conducting liquid, a Lorentz force is induced which generates a melt rotation of a certain angular velocity. A cylindrical gallium melt (aspect ratio 2.5) has been used as a model liquid. The melt has been heated from the bottom ( Ra = 10 6 ) or from the top ( Ra = −10 6 ) and the resulting temperature fluctuations in the melt have been measured in dependence on the rotating field strength (B max = 30 mT). In the case of the unstable gradient 0.8 mT are sufficient to dominate the buoyancy driven convection and to reduce the amplitude of the buoyancy caused temperature oscillations for more than one order of magnitude. At the same time, the fluctuation frequency increases with the field strength. In the case of the stabilizing temperature gradient, low amplitude/high frequency temperature fluctuations are generated by the rotating magnetic field, indicating the transition to a time‐dependent flow. In both cases we see an increase of the convective heat transport for magnetic inductions higher than approximately 5 m T. Applying the rotating magnetic field to the Bridgman growth of gallium doped germanium, the same behavior can be seen: Growing with a top‐seeded arrangement, the intensity of the dopant striations is decreased and their frequency is increased. Growing with a bottom‐seeded arrangement, the interface curvature changes from concave to convex and the flow becomes time‐dependent.
The Myogenic Regulatory Factor MRF4 Represses the Cardiac α-Actin Promoter through a Negative-acting N-terminal Protein Domain (1996)

Cardiac alpha-actin is activated early during the development of embryonic skeletal muscle and cardiac myocytes. The gene product remains highly expressed in adult striated cardiac muscle yet is dramatically reduced in skeletal muscle. Activation and repression of cardiac alpha-actin gene activity in developing skeletal muscle correlates with changes in the relative content of the four myogenic regulatory factors. Cardiac alpha-actin promoter activity, assessed in primary chick myogenic cultures, was activated by endogenous myogenic regulatory factors but was inhibited in the presence of co-expressed MRF4. By exchanging N- and C-terminal domains of MRF4 and MyoD, the N terminus of MRF4 was identified as the mediator of repressive activity, revealing a novel negative regulatory role for MRF4. The relative ratios of myogenic regulatory factors may have fundamental roles in selecting specific muscle genes for activation and/or repression.
A dictionary-based multi-corpora text compression system (2003)

Summary form only given. StarZip, a multi-copora text compression system, was introduced together with its transform engine StarNT. One of the key features of the StarZip compression system is to develop domain specific dictionaries and provide tools to develop such dictionaries. StarNT was utilized because it achieves a superior compression ratio than almost all the other recent efforts based on BWT and PPM. StarNT is a dictionary-based fast lossless text transform. The main idea is to record each English word with a representation of no more than three symbols. This transform maintains most of the original context information at the word level and provides an "artificial" strong context. It ultimately reduces the size of the transformed text that, in turn, is provided to a backend compressor. This data structure provides a very fast transform encoding with a low storage overhead. StarNT also treats the transformed codewords as an offset of words in the transform dictionary. The time complexity for searching a word in the dictionary is achieved in the transform decoder. Experimental results have shown that the average compression time has improved by orders magnitude compared to previous dictionary-based transform LIPT. The complexity and compression performance of bzip2, in conjunction with this transform, is better than both gzip and PPMD. Results from five copora have shown that StarZip achieved an average improvement in compression performance (in terms of BPC) of 13% over bzip2-9, 19% over gzip-9, and 10% over PPMD.
Structure and organization of the rrnD operon of ‘Brevibacterium lactofermentum’: analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (1999)

Five rRNA operons (rrn) were found by hybridization in the genome of 'Brevibacterium lactofermentum' ATCC 13869 and Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. 'B. lactofermentum' DSM 20412 differed from the other corynebacteria tested in showing six hybridizing BamHI bands. Two of the rrn operons (rrnD and rrnE) were located in a single cosmid. Sequencing of the rrnD operon showed that it contains a complete 16S rRNA-23S RNA-5S rRNA gene cluster. Phylogenetic studies using the complete 16S rRNA sequence showed that 'B. lactofermentum' is closely related to several species of the genus Corynebacterium but only distantly related to the type species Brevibacterium linens and the authors suggest that it should be reclassified as Corynebacterium lactofermentum. The 5' end of mature 16S rRNA was identified by primer extension. Sequence elements similar to those of mycobacteria implicated in transcription antitermination (Boxes A, B, C) and in processing of the pre-rRNA to 16S rRNA were identified. An open reading frame encoding an rpoD-like sigma factor (named SigC) different from the previously reported SigA and SigB proteins was found upstream of rrnD in the opposite orientation. Both rpoD and sigC seem to be expressed from a bidirectional promoter region.
The Fatal Enteric Cholera Infection in the Guinea Pig, Achieved by Inhibition of Normal Enteric Flora (1955)

Journal Article The Fatal Enteric Cholera Infection in the Guinea Pig, Achieved by Inhibition of Normal Enteric Flora Get access Rolf Freter Rolf Freter From the Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 97, Issue 1, July 1955, Pages 57–65, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/97.1.57 Published: 01 July 1955 Article history Received: 21 September 1954 Published: 01 July 1955
The use of calix[6]arene molecules for actinides analysis in urine: an alternative to current procedures (2008)

Individual monitoring of workers exposed to a risk of internal contamination with actinides is achieved through in vivo measurements (anthroporadiametry) and in vitro measurements (urine and feces). The procedures currently used for analyzing actinides in urine require lengthy separation associated with long counting times by alpha spectrometry due to low activity levels. Their main drawback is thus that they are time-consuming, which limits the frequency and flexibility of individual monitoring. In this context, the aim of this work, carried out by the Radiochemistry Laboratory at the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), is to propose alternative radiochemical procedures for the analysis of actinides U, Pu and Am in urine. In order to selectively extract actinides from urines, it is of interest to use calix[n]arene molecules. Indeed, the preorganized structure of these macrocyclic molecules is suitable for the complexation of ions and they can be easily functionalized to be more specific. Thus, the p-tertbutylcalix[6]arenes bearing three carboxylic acid groups or three hydroxamic acid groups are excellent extractants for uranium, and they have also a very good affinity for plutonium and americium. The extraction of actinides by these calixarene has been studied experimentally, and also by computational study for uranium. From these results, a new radiochemical procedure has been proposed for U, Pu, Am analysis in urine. For an application to bioassays laboratories, it was decided to immobilize the calix[6]arene molecules on an inert solid support, for implementation with a chromatographic column. This technique makes it possible to combine the extraction performances of the calix[6]arenes with the practical advantages of the chromatographic column. Consequently, this new radiochemical is well suited for routine analysis. Furthermore, the actinides separation is quantitative and reproducible, and is faster and easier than the current procedures.
Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis in nodular toxic goiter (1976)

Serum protein-bound iodine (PBI), total blood thyrotoxin (T4), triiodthyronine (T3), coefficient of thyrotoxin efficacy (CTE), serum thyrotoxin-binding capacity (TBC) or some of these indices were determined in 44 patients with nodular toxic goiter with thyrotoxemia. An increase in T3 level was revealed in 27 of 35 of the patients; T3-thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed in 18 of these in whom an increase of the T3 level was combined with normal T4 or normal CTE content and an unchanged TBC. The symptoms of T3-thyrotoxicosis displayed no significant differences from the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis caused by the excess of thyroxin. In many of the patients T3-thyrotoxicosis coursed for a long time with but a few symptoms. Loss of weight in this form of thyrotoxicosis was much less frequent than in "thyrotoxin'' thyrotoxicosis. PBI was elevated in 12 of 44 patients, and total T4 and CTE -- in 10 of 35. These methods do not permit to diagnose hyperthyroidism in many of the patients with nodular toxic goiter in which T3-thyrotoxicosis is of frequent occurrence.
Iron Absorption and Bioavailability in Rats of Micronized Dispersible Ferric Pyrophosphate (2004)

Unlike commercial ferric pyrophosphate, micronized dispersible ferric pyrophosphate (MDFP: Sun-Active Fe) does not precipitate and is completely dispersible in liquid form. MDFP shows a sharp particle size distribution at a nanometer level, which is several times smaller than that of commercial ferric pyrophosphate. The bioavailability of MDFP was compared to ferric pyrophosphate, sodium ferrous citrate, and ferrous sulfate by three bioavailability tests in rats; namely the serum iron concentration curve, the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, and Association of Official Analytical Chemists' hemoglobin repletion test. The high area under curve value, a lag in peak time, and continued high serum iron concentration by MDFP over the other iron compounds indicates a sustained release of iron in the serum iron concentration curve method. MDFP showed the highest hemoglobin regeneration efficiency among all the iron compounds tested. The relative biological value of MDFP per unit of ferrous sulfate in each bioavailability test showed a high value as compared to other iron compounds. The above results suggest that MDFP is an ideal compound with high bioavailability for iron fortification in various liquid applications.
Investigation of the magnetization process in a three-dimensional curled up structure (2011)

The results of our study provide the magnetic switching behavior of a curled up Ni magnetic structure in comparison to the initially flat magnetic film. We used e-beam lithography, an electron beam evaporation system, and a wet etching technique to fabricate the magnetic curled up structure. Because of the different thermal expansion coefficients of the film materials, the released stress causes the structure to be curled up after the wet etching process. We study the properties of the submicron magnetic structure via magnetoresistance measurements. Magnetization reversal properties are strongly affected by the curl up process. The magnetoresistance of single Ni flat structures is based upon the anisotropic magnetoresistance. The structure stress release during the curl up process causes the magnetic switching to be slightly higher than that of a flat thin film. It is observed experimentally by differences in the slope of the reversal curves that a three-dimensional curled up structure comes out of a metastable state at the magnetization reversal process due to the presence of nucleation of the vortex walls.
Polarization dependence of multipath propagation and high-speed transmission characteristics of indoor millimeter-wave channel at 60 GHz (1995)

Measurements of polarization dependence of multipath-propagation characteristics were conducted at 60 GHz in a room within a modern office building. Delay profiles were measured using a swept frequency method with a high time-delay resolution of 2 ns. Directions of arrival of the multipath components reflected from walls were analyzed by rotating a narrow-beam receiving antenna with an angular resolution of 5 degrees. Results of this experiment showed that multipath delayed waves due to wall reflection can be effectively suppressed by employing circular polarization instead of linear polarization. Based on this experimental result, a computer simulation was made to clarify the polarization dependence of the high-speed transmission characteristics of an indoor communications system operating at 60 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimization of Enzymatic Production of Fructo-oligosaccharides from Sucrose (1996)

Conditions affecting the enzymatic production of high fructo-oligosaccharide syrup from sucrose by a commercial juice processing enzyme preparation containing high fructosyltransferase activity were investigated. After 14 h of reaction at 65 °C in 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6), the enzyme preparation, Pectinex Ultra SP-L, converted 450 g/L sucrose to 272 g/L fructo-oligosaccharides (224 g/L kestose and 48 g/L nystose) with a conversion efficiency of over 70% based on the amount of sucrose consumed. Fructo-oligosaccharides, sucrose, glucose and fructose constituted 56.5%, 19.4%, 23.4% and 0.7%, respectively, of the total sugars present in the syrup.
Networking in Oceans (2021)

The ocean is a huge saltwater body that is different from terrestrial environments in terms of deployment circumstance, weather conditions, and user distributions. Therefore, it is difficult to apply terrestrial networking technologies directly in oceans. The cost-effectiveness of satellites is still an issue to be addressed to increase their popularity due to their high cost in construction, launching, and maintenance and high deployment risks. Such situations stimulate many research efforts on networking technologies in the ocean space consisting of coastline, water surface, sky, and underwater. This article conducts a comprehensive survey on the related issues through reviewing the networking environments and communication networks already operating in the ocean space as well as ongoing R8D activities and results reported in the literature. These systems include coastal networks, water surface networks, sky networks, and underwater networks, which are reviewed and discussed along with summaries on the related topics and research issues necessary for further studies. This article, taking into account maritime communication networks and underwater networking together, aims to provide the reader with an overview on the state of the art and corresponding challenging issues for networking in the ocean space.
Camptothecin resistance: role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), mitoxantrone-resistance half-transporter (MXR), and potential for glucuronidation in MXR-expressing cells. (1999)

The mitoxantrone resistance (MXR) gene encodes a recently characterized ATP-binding cassette half-transporter that confers multidrug resistance. We studied resistance to the camptothecins in two sublines expressing high levels of MXR: S1-M1-80 cells derived from parental S1 colon cancer cells and MCF-7 AdVp3,000 isolated from parental MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Both cell lines were 400- to 1,000-fold more resistant to topotecan, 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, and the active metabolite of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), than their parental cell lines. The cell lines demonstrated much less resistance to camptothecin and to several camptothecin analogues. Reduced accumulation and energy-dependent efflux of topotecan was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. A significant reduction in cleavable complexes in the resistant cells could be observed after SN-38 treatment but not after camptothecin treatment. In addition to topotecan and SN-38, MXR-overexpressing cells are highly resistant to mitoxantrone and epirubicin. Because these compounds are susceptible to glucuronidation, we examined UDP-glucurono-syltransferase (UGT) activity in parental and resistant cells by TLC. Glucuronides were found at equal levels in both parental and resistant colon cancer cell lines for epirubicin and to a lesser extent for SN-38 and mitoxantrone. Low levels of glucuronidation could also be detected in the resistant breast cancer cells. These results were confirmed by analysis of the UGT1A family mRNAs. We thus conclude that colon and breast cancer cells have a capacity for glucuronidation that could contribute to intrinsic drug resistance in colon cancer cells and may be acquired in breast cancer cells. The lack of selection for higher levels of UGT capacity in the colon cells suggests that high levels of expression of MXR alone are sufficient to confer resistance to the camptothecins.
High‐pressure freezing of cell suspensions in cellulose capillary tubes (1994)

Summary A procedure for efficient cryoimmobilization of large volumes of cell suspensions or micro‐organisms by high‐pressure freezing is described. This procedure uses transparent, porous cellulose capillary tubes with an inner diameter of 200 μm, into which the suspensions are drawn by capillary action. The tubes are processed by high‐pressure freezing and freeze‐substitution as if they were tissue samples. Centrifugation of suspensions at low temperatures is no longer necessary and cryopreparation is greatly facilitated. A very high yield of adequately frozen specimens is obtained due to the constant, defined sample geometry. This approach can also be used to process suspensions by conventional chemical fixation, eliminating the need to embed pellets in low‐melting‐point agarose, for example, prior to chemical fixation. The preparation procedure is demonstrated with suspensions of nematodes, paramecia and bacteria.
Intranasal immunization with liposomes induces strong mucosal immune responses in mice (1995)

BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with either soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or OVA entrapped in liposomes. The effect of adding Sigma cholera toxin B subunit (sCT-B), which contained low amounts of cholera holotoxin (CT), or recombinant CT-B (rCT-B) which was free from CT, as mucosal adjuvants was also investigated. The mucosal [lung enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), lung washing] and systemic (serum antibody and spleen ELISPOT) responses of immunized mice to OVA and CT-B were determined. Results showed that soluble OVA and liposome-entrapped OVA were poor inducers of mucosal or systemic responses unless CT-B was added as adjuvant. The types of responses augmented by sCT-B and rCT-B were different. CT-B containing low levels of CT (i.e. sCT-B) boosted both mucosal and systemic IgA and IgG responses, whereas rCT-B only increased IgG responses, unless antigen was entrapped in liposomes. Although rCT-B was unable to adjuvant IgA responses against soluble OVA, it was able to induce IgA responses against itself. These data show that mucosal responses can be increased by addition of CT-B containing low levels of CT to antigen preparations given intranasally, suggesting a direct role for CT-A in isotype switching. Furthermore, the ability of CT-B to adjuvant IgA responses against added antigens and its ability to induce responses against itself appear to be separate phenomena. The results from this study should assist the rational formulation of mucosal vaccines which induce potent mucosal and systemic immune responses.
Integrated Proteogenomic Characterization of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2019)

To elucidate the deregulated functional modules that drive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we performed comprehensive genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic characterization of treatment-naive ccRCC and paired normal adjacent tissue samples. Genomic analyses identified a distinct molecular subgroup associated with genomic instability. Integration of proteogenomic measurements uniquely identified protein dysregulation of cellular mechanisms impacted by genomic alterations, including oxidative phosphorylation-related metabolism, protein translation processes, and phospho-signaling modules. To assess the degree of immune infiltration in individual tumors, we identified microenvironment cell signatures that delineated four immune-based ccRCC subtypes characterized by distinct cellular pathways. This study reports a large-scale proteogenomic analysis of ccRCC to discern the functional impact of genomic alterations and provides evidence for rational treatment selection stemming from ccRCC pathobiology.