gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping of B cell epitopes on small nuclear ribonucleoproteins that react with human autoantibodies as well as with experimentally-induced mouse monoclonal antibodies. (1989)

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles are a class of RNA-containing particles in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They consist of uridylate-rich small nuclear RNA complexed with several proteins. snRNP particles U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 all contain a common protein core consisting of proteins B'/B, D, D', E, F, and G. In addition to this core, U1 snRNP particles contain proteins 70K, A, and C, whereas U2 snRNP particles contain proteins A' and B". Almost any of the small nuclear RNA-associated polypeptides is targeted by autoantibodies in the sera from patients with SLE or related connective tissue diseases. We immunized a genetically non-autoimmune mouse with recombinant human B" protein and obtained three mAb reactive with native U2 snRNP particles. Two of these mAb particles cross-reacted with U1 snRNP, 9A9 and 11A1, via epitopes present on the U2 snRNP B" protein as well as on the U1 snRNP-specific A protein. A third mAb 4g3, reacted exclusively with U2 snRNP via a unique epitope on protein B". Two epitopes mapped at the carboxy-terminal region of the B" protein, whereas binding of the third mAb involved both amino- and carboxy-terminal amino acids of the B" protein. Epitope mapping, employing a DNAse I fragment library of the B" cDNA, revealed that the three mAb-reactive sites were discontinuous. Autoantibodies in sera from patients with SLE and other connective tissue diseases competed for binding with the mAb, implying that the mAb define a major autoantibody-reactive region on protein B".
Signalling mechanisms of anoikis. (2004)

Apoptosis following loss of cell anchorage ('anoikis') is of relevance for development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Integrins regulate cell viability through their interaction with the extracellular matrix and they can sense mechanical forces arising from the matrix and convert these stimuli to chemical signals capable of modulating intracellular signal transduction. Recently it has been shown that protein kinase signalling pathways and apoptosis-related molecular control anoikis both positively and negatively. Focal adhesion kinase, when activated by integrins, can suppress anoikis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase may mediate the anoikis-suppressing effects of cells. Conversely, the stress-activated protein kinase/Jun amino-terminal kinase pathway promotes anoikis. In addition, certain bcl-2 and bcl-2-related proteins may also participate in the regulating of anoikis. In this review, molecular mechanisms of signal pathway inducing and perpetuating detachment-induced apoptosis will be discussed with special emphasis on the role of integrins, focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase and bcl-2 family members.
Fundamentals of Diffusion Bonding (1993)

Abstract Diffusion bonding is only one of many solid-state joining processes wherein joining is accomplished without the need for a liquid interface (brazing) or the creation of a cast product via melting and resolidification. This article offers a qualitative summary of the theory of diffusion bonding. It discusses factors that affect the relative difficulty of diffusion bonding oxide-bearing surfaces. These include surface roughness prior to welding, mechanical properties of the oxide, relative hardness of the metal and its oxide film, and prestraining or work hardening of the material. The article describes the mechanism of diffusion bonding in terms of microasperity deformation, diffusion-controlled mass transport, and interface migration. It concludes with a discussion on diffusion bonding with interface aids.
Regional expression of the transcript encoding sterol carrier protein x‐related thiolase and its regulation by homeotic genes in the midgut of <i>Drosophila</i> embryos (1996)

We have isolated a gene designated terminal rings in the midgut (trim), which encodes a transcript expressed in the embryonic midgut in a region-specific manner. The 1.4 kb trim transcript is expressed in two discrete regions of the midgut epithelium during late embryogenesis. The anterior domain of trim expression is found between the proventriculus and the first midgut constriction. The posterior domain locates in the region posterior to the third midgut constriction. Furthermore, we show that normal function of two homeotic genes, Antp and abd-A, which express in the visceral mesoderm covering the midgut epithelium, is required for the regional expression of trim. The trim gene is thus reasoned to be activated through inductive interaction between two midgut layers. The 1.4kb mRNA encodes a sterol carrier protein x-related thiolase. As thiolase activity is required for lipid metabolism, the expression of the 1.4 kb trim transcript can represent a state of differentiation and can be used as an appropriate marker for analyzing regional differentiation of the midgut in terms of physiologically distinct domains.
Model systems for molecular recognition at interfaces: synthesis and characterisation of functionalised disulfides with hydrogen-bonding properties (1996)

A series of symmetrical alkane disulfides bearing derivatives of barbituric acid and 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, respectively, as headgroups are synthesised, which can be used for the preparation of functionalised monolayers on gold.
Identification of the CRP regulon using in vitro and in vivo transcriptional profiling (2004)

The Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is a global regulator that controls transcription initiation from more than 100 promoters by binding to a specific DNA sequence within cognate promoters. Many genes in the CRP regulon have been predicted simply based on the presence of DNA-binding sites within gene promoters. In this study, we have exploited a newly developed technique, run-off transcription/microarray analysis (ROMA) to define CRP-regulated promoters. Using ROMA, we identified 176 operons that were activated by CRP in vitro and 16 operons that were repressed. Using positive control mutants in different regions of CRP, we were able to classify the different promoters into class I or class II/III. A total of 104 operons were predicted to contain Class II CRP-binding sites. Sequence analysis of the operons that were repressed by CRP revealed different mechanisms for CRP inhibition. In contrast, the in vivo transcriptional profiles failed to identify most CRP-dependent regulation because of the complexity of the regulatory network. Analysis of these operons supports the hypothesis that CRP is not only a regulator of genes required for catabolism of sugars other than glucose, but also regulates the expression of a large number of other genes in E.coli. ROMA has revealed 152 hitherto unknown CRP regulons.
Generalized dual-plane multicoupled line filters (1993)

The authors describe the general realization of elliptic function narrow-bandpass filters constructed from two adjacent planes of microstrip quasi-TEM line resonators. This dual-plane configuration allows nonadjacent coupling to be realized through small slots between the planes. Alternate sign coupling is realized by the appropriate positioning of the slot along the resonator length. A model developed from H. Bethe's small-hole coupling theory (1944) is used to predict these couplings. Adjacent resonator couplings are modeled using a coupled-line analysis modified to characterize the coupling of an inhomogeneous medium. The filter synthesis technique previously developed for waveguide cavity filters can be directly applied in designing a dual-plane filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of ethanol-soluble few-layer graphene nanosheets for flexible and transparent conducting composite films (2011)

We report a facile method of preparing few-layer graphene nanosheets (FLGs), which can be soluble in ethanol. Atomic force microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that FLGs have average thicknesses in the range of 2.6-2.8 nm, corresponding to 8-9 layers. A graphene/nafion composite film has a sheet resistance of 9.70 kΩ/sq at the transmittance of 74.5% (at 550 nm) while the nafion film on polyethylene terephthalate has a sheet resistance of 128 kΩ/sq at transmittance of 90.0%. For the cycling/bending test, almost no change in resistance was exhibited when the film was bent at an angle up to 140°, and no obvious deviation in resistance could be found after 100 bending cycles was applied. In addition, an FLGs-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) composite layer was demonstrated as the effective hole transporting layer to improve the hole transporting ability in an organic photovoltaic device, with which the power conversion efficiency was enhanced from 3.10% to 3.70%. The results demonstrated the promising applications of FLGs on graphene-based electronics, such as transparent electrode and flexible conducting film.
Information Technology of Motor Vehicle Databases Use to Prevent Terrorist Emergencies (2020)

Based on the analysis of gradation scheme of motor vehicles situational background near a protected object of a critical infrastructure, the process of data collecting and filling the database and knowledgebase of the protected object main server as well as the procedure of violators' identification and collecting data on them is considered in the paper. After that, the structure of the control algorithm is described. The algorithm defines the application of information technology for the use of motor vehicles databases to prevent the terrorist emergencies.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Guest−Host Interactions Among G0−G7 Amine-Terminated Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers and Porous Silica Materials for Simultaneously Determining the Molecular Weight and Particle Diameter by Multivariate Calibration Techniques (2009)

The guest-host interactions of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and porous silica surfaces were investigated by near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflection spectroscopy. G0-G7 of amine-terminated PAMAM (PAMAM-NH2) dendrimers were analyzed comprising early, mid, and late generations. For early stages, the adsorption process of the partly protonated dendrimers to the negatively charged silica surface strongly depends on the size/shape characteristics of the guest (PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers) and host (porous silica) materials. G0-G4 (15-45 A) show smaller particle sizes than the pore diameter of the silica (60 A) and thus have access to the interior surface of the host material. For mid and later stages (G5-G7; 54-81 A) only low amounts of the dendrimers adsorb to the silica surface due to the inaccessibility to the interior surface. The loading capacity of the silica material with adsorbed PAMAM-NH(2) was evaluated by means of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), whereas deviations from the theoretical to the effective particle size and molecular weight (MW) was determined by gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (GEMMA) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization linear time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-lin TOF-MS). Deviations from the theoretical to the actual values showed a maximum of 13.8% and 28.0% for the particle size and MW, respectively. The NIR absorption spectra show a distinct band at 4932 cm(-1) (nu(sym) (NH) + amide II) due to the adsorbed dendrimers. It was found that the absorbance tends to increase with decreasing generation number. On this basis multivariate calibration was performed with the theoretical data and the data obtained by GEMMA and MALDI-lin TOF-MS. All in all, the calculated partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model containing the GEMMA/MALDI-lin TOF-MS reference values showed better results than the models exclusively calculated from the theoretical values. This indicates that the theoretical values do not imply the structural imperfections arising during the synthesis that may be present in the PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers.
Reactions of secondary phosphines with a phosphorus-phosphorus bond and related reactions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of secondary phosphines with a phosphorus-phosphorus bond and related reactionsLarry R. Avens, Leonard V. Cribbs, and Jerry L. MillsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 2, 205–211Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00301a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00301a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dominant wavelength sensitivity of thin-film color filters to spectral centering (1996)

The dominant wavelength shift of 16 color filters is presented for a ±1% theoretical change in spectral centering and compared with the threshold-perceived color difference (dominant wavelength). The resulting change in dominant wavelength exceeds a threshold limit of a just-noticed color difference for some filters. Spectral-centering tolerance limits are given for the dominant wavelength to be at the threshold limit. The change in dominant wavelength is also presented from normal incidence to 60° angle of incidence, with incidence-angle limits and corresponding f-numbers for optical systems. For comparison, the color difference Δ E*(uv), from the L*u*v* color space, is calculated for each filter for ±1% spectral centering.
Further Purification of the Glycoprotein that Induces Nephrotoxic Antibody: Isolation of the Active Polysaccharide Fraction Mainly Composed of Glucose (1970)

Abstract Experiments that were done to determine the function of the protein and polysaccharide moieties of a highly purified renal glycoprotein revealed that the antigenic activity that induces nephrotoxic antibody relates more closely to the polysaccharide moiety. By using the 90% phenol extraction method, the active polysaccharide fraction which possesses antigenic potency was extracted from renal glycoprotein that was shown to contain no nucleic acid. In this highly purified antigen (glycoprotein) the polysaccharide moiety was shown to consist mainly of glucose and the protein content was remarkably low, without any decrease in the antigenic activity that induces nephrotoxic antibody.
Guided tissue regeneration with non‐resorbable and biodegradable barriers: 6 months results (1997)

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with non-resorbable (ePTFE [G]) and biodegradable barriers (Polyglactin 910 (V)). In 20 patients, providing 25 pairs of symmetrical periodontal defects (7 pairs of interproximal intrabony lesions, 12 pairs of degree II and 6 pairs of degree III furcation involvement), each defect was randomly assigned to treatment with either non-resorbable (control) or biodegradable (test) devices. At baseline and 6 months after surgery, clinical measurements (GI, PPD, PAL-V, PAL-H, P1I) and standardized radiographs were obtained. On the radiographs, the linear distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC), and from the CEJ to bottom of the bony defect (BD) were measured using a computer-assisted analysing method (LMSRT). Both treatments revealed a significant (p < 0.05) PPD reduction (-2.90 +/- 1.33 mm (V), -2.71 +/- 1.41 mm (G)), PAL-V gain (1.78 +/- 1.27 mm (V), 1.46 +/- 1.35 mm (G)), PAL-H gain (2.00 +/- 0.82 mm (V), 1.60 +/- 0.59 mm (G)), and radiographic changes (CEJ-AC: 0.48 +/- 0.75 mm (V), 0.73 +/- 0.92 mm (G); CEJ-BD: -0.76 +/- 0.79 mm (V), -0.41 +/- 0.72 mm (G)) after 6 months. The mean differences between the changes for test and control were not significant for most clinical and radiographic parameters. Similar clinical and radiographic results were found 6 months after surgical treatment using either non-resorbable or biodegradable barriers. More favorable results concerning PAL-H gain could be observed with biodegradable barriers after 6 months. Therefore, based on these results, the use of biodegradable barriers in GTR may be recommended and, thereby, a surgical re-entry to remove non-resorbable barriers can be avoided.
Orthogonal transfer CCD for compensation of image distortion (2011)

Many line-scan remote sensing sensors utilize multiple stages of time delay and integration to enhance the final image signal-to-noise ratio. The swath width of these systems can be limited by optical distortion, which causes nonlinear image scanning and results in image smear at the edge of the field-of-view (FOV). Newly developed orthogonal transfer charge-coupled device arrays, with the ability to shift pixel charges in any direction, can be used to compensate for the smear caused by optical distortion in this scenario. In this paper we present example results for this approach with simulated data from a wide FOV sensor.
Polymerization of avidin and streptavidin with aromatic bisbiotin ligands (1994)

Abstract The synthesis of a range of aromatic bisbiotin ligands is described and their ability to polymerize the proteins avidin and streptavidin is investigated. The formation of protein polymers is confirmed by gel chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the degree of polymerization depends not only on the length of the ligand but also on the stereochemistry of the group linking the distal biotin moieties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Variation in the load of the horn fly, <i>Haematobia irritans</i> , in cattle herds is determined by the presence or absence of individual heifers (2004)

The distribution of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), in herds of Danish Holstein-Friesian cattle was investigated in two studies conducted during two field seasons. In the first study, highly significant differences in fly distribution between the most and the least fly-susceptible heifers were observed. In one herd, the mean difference between the most fly-susceptible and the most fly-resistant heifers was 268 Ha. irritans specimens. The highest ratio between upper and lower mean fly number was 64.1:1, whereas the lowest was 3.1:1. In the second year, it was demonstrated that the heifers kept their rank in fly attraction over time. The trial clearly demonstrated that some heifers were attracting flies, whereas others, even in the same herd, only carried a few. In the second study, heifers were moved in and out of herds in an attempt to manipulate fly loads in the herds. In year 1, one herd (herd A) received four fly-resistant heifers from another herd (herd B), resulting in a drop in the mean number of flies, whereas herd B received four fly-susceptible heifers from herd A, resulting in an elevation of the mean number of flies. In year 2, a similar pattern emerged using herds C and D, and when the cattle were later returned to their original herds, the fly loads returned to their original distribution. The data presented here show unequivocally that, for horn flies, there can be considerable differences in fly loads for individual heifers within the Holstein-Friesian breed. Furthermore, the overall fly load within herds can be manipulated, and can be reversed. Thus, the distribution in the number of flies within a herd appears to depend on the number of fly-resistant or fly-susceptible heifers. The possible role of chemical factors emitted by heifers, i.e. volatile semiochemicals, in determining differences in fly loads is discussed, whereby attractants are emitted by fly-susceptible heifers and enable flies to locate their host, and repellents are emitted by fly-resistant heifers such that the flies are actively repelled from the herd.
Cutting Edge: IL-7-Dependent Homeostatic Proliferation of CD8+ T Cells in Neonatal Mice Allows the Generation of Long-Lived Natural Memory T Cells (2004)

Healthy, nonimmunized C57BL/6 (B6) mice contain memory phenotype CD8+ T cells, which are assumed to be generated in response to environmental Ags. Since neonatal mice are functionally lymphopenic within the first days after birth, we investigated the alternative possibility that the memory CD8+ T cells of untreated B6 mice are the result of lymphopenia-induced proliferation during neonatal life. We show here that adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells proliferate in neonatal B6 mice, rapidly produce IFN-gamma, and develop into memory cells which are maintained until adulthood. In contrast to CD4+ T cells, neonatal lymphopenia-induced proliferation of CD8+ T cells was IL-7 dependent. Thus, neonatal lymphopenia seems to allow CD8+ thymic emigrants to undergo lymphopenia-induced proliferation during early neonatal life to equip the immune system with a set of preactivated CD8+ T cells before any infection, which might contribute to the rapid initiation of immune responses in the adult.
Multi-Channel Overlapped Speech Recognition with Location Guided Speech Extraction Network (2018)

Although advances in close-talk speech recognition have resulted in relatively low error rates, the recognition performance in far-field environments is still limited due to low signal-to-noise ratio, reverberation, and overlapped speech from simultaneous speakers which is especially more difficult. To solve these problems, beamforming and speech separation networks were previously proposed. However, they tend to suffer from leakage of interfering speech or limited generalizability. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method for multi-channel far-field overlapped speech recognition. In the proposed system, three different features are formed for each target speaker, namely, spectral, spatial, and angle features. Then a neural network is trained using all features with a target of the clean speech of the required speaker. An iterative update procedure is proposed in which the mask-based beamforming and mask estimation are performed alternatively. The proposed system were evaluated with real recorded meetings with different levels of overlapping ratios. The results show that the proposed system achieves more than 24% relative word error rate (WER) reduction than fixed beamforming with oracle selection. Moreover, as overlap ratio rises from 20% to 70+%, only 3.8% WER increase is observed for the proposed system.
Counterflow driven by swirl decay (2010)

The global meridional circulation of a viscous fluid, caused by swirl decay in a cylindrical container, is studied. To this end, a new solution to the Navier–Stokes equations is obtained, and simple experiments are performed to verify the predictions of the theory. The swirl decay mechanism explains elongated counterflows in hydrocyclones and vortex tubes sometimes extending over a hundred diameters.