gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroarene-2-sulfonyl Chlorides (BtsCl; ThsCl):  Reagents for Nitrogen Protection and >99% Racemization-Free Phenylglycine Activation with SOCl<sub>2</sub> (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHeteroarene-2-sulfonyl Chlorides (BtsCl; ThsCl): Reagents for Nitrogen Protection and >99% Racemization-Free Phenylglycine Activation with SOCl2Edwin Vedejs, Shouzhong Lin, Artis Klapars, and Jiabing WangView Author Information Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 40, 9796–9797Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1996Publication History Received6 May 1996Published online9 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961485nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961485nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1965Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Crystal cleavage,Molecular structure,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Lanthanide(III) Complexes with Ligands Derived from a Cyclen Framework Containing Pyridinecarboxylate Pendants. The Effect of Steric Hindrance on the Hydration Number (2012)

Two new macrocyclic ligands, 6,6′-((1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diyl)bis(methylene))dipicolinic acid (H2DODPA) and 6,6′-((4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diyl)bis(methylene))dipicolinic acid (H2Me-DODPA), designed for complexation of lanthanide ions in aqueous solution, have been synthesized and studied. The X-ray crystal structure of [Yb(DODPA)](PF6)·H2O shows that the metal ion is directly bound to the eight donor atoms of the ligand, which results in a square-antiprismatic coordination around the metal ion. The hydration numbers (q) obtained from luminescence lifetime measurements in aqueous solution of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes indicate that the DODPA complexes contain one inner-sphere water molecule, while those of the methylated analogue H2Me-DODPA are q = 0. The structure of the complexes in solution has been investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as by theoretical calculations performed at the density functional theory (DFT; mPWB95) level. The minimum energy conformation calculated for the Yb(III) complex [Λ(λλλλ)] is in good agreement with the experimental structure in solution, as demonstrated by the analysis of the Yb(III)-induced paramagnetic 1H shifts. The nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles recorded for [Gd(Me-DODPA)]+ are typical of a complex with q = 0, where the observed relaxivity can be accounted for by the outer-sphere mechanism. However, [Gd(DODPA)]+ shows NMRD profiles consistent with the presence of both inner- and outer-sphere contributions to relaxivity. A simultaneous fitting of the NMRD profiles and variable temperature 17O NMR chemical shifts and transversal relaxation rates provided the parameters governing the relaxivity in [Gd(DODPA)]+. The results show that this system is endowed with a relatively fast water exchange rate k(ex)(298) = 58 × 10(6) s(–1).
Analysis of co-channel interference in weak field area of high-speed railway (2010)

Co-channel interference is a key performance indicator of railway digital mobile communication system (RDMCS). Based on an overall consideration of both small-scale attenuation and large-scale attenuation, this paper analyzes co-channel interference in two typical scenarios of weak field areas where repeaters are utilized. In small-scale attenuation, we consider time delay difference. If time delay difference of signals with same content is too long, signals may not be equalized and then become reciprocal interference. In large-scale attenuation, we calculate the power of co-channel signals through transmitting power and path loss. Then we simulate the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) of co-channel interference. According to the requirements of high-speed railway, this paper proposes some schemes of transmission equipments' location and distance to reduce the impact of co-channel interference. Because of some data and scenarios in this paper is from practical situation in China high-speed railway, these schemes are more coincidental with the reality, reasonable, practicability and useful for radio planning in new railway networks.
NASA-Redox cell-stack shunt current, pumping power, and cell-performance tradeoffs (1982)

The NASA Redox energy storage system has been under active technology development since the mid 1970's. The hardware currently undergoing laboratory testing is either 310 cm/sup 2/ or 929 cm/sup 2/ (0.33 ft/sup 2/ or 1.0 ft/sup 2/) per cell active area with up to 40 individual cells connected to make up a modular cell stack. This size of hardware allows rather accurate projections to be made of the shunt power/pump power trade-offs. The modeling studies that have been completed on the system concept are reviewed along with the more recent approach of mapping the performance of Redox cells over a wide range of flow rates and depths-of-discharge of the Redox solutions. Methods are outlined for estimating the pumping and shunt current losses for any type of cell and stack combination. These methods are applicable to a variety of pumping options that are present with Redox systems. The results show that a fully developed Redox system will have acceptable parasitic losses when using a fixed flow rate adequate to meet the worst conditions of current density and depth of discharge. These losses can be reduced by about 65% if variable flow schedules are used. The exact value of the overall parasitics will depend on the specific system requirements of current density, voltage limits, charge, discharge time, etc.
Mapping surgical coordinates of the sphenopalatine foramen: surgical navigation study (2009)

The sphenopalatine foramen is consistently identifiable on three-dimensional, reconstructed computed tomography scans. Repeatable measurements were obtained. The centre point of the foramen lies 59 mm from the anterior nasal spine at 22 degrees elevation above the plane of the hard palate and 48 mm from the piriform aperture. We discuss how these data could be used to facilitate intra-operative location of the sphenopalatine foramen in difficult cases.
Anthrax Toxin-Mediated Delivery of the<i>Pseudomonas</i>Exotoxin A Enzymatic Domain to the Cytosol of Tumor Cells via Cleavable Ubiquitin Fusions (2013)

Bacterial toxins typically have highly efficient mechanisms for cellular delivery of their enzymatic components. Cytosolic delivery of therapeutic enzymes and drugs is an important topic in molecular medicine. We describe anthrax toxin fusion proteins containing ubiquitin as a cytosolic cleavable linker that improves the delivery of an enzyme to mammalian cells. The ubiquitin linker allowed modulation of potency in cells and in mice. This effective strategy for enhancing the intracellular potency of an enzyme may be useful for the cytosolic delivery and release of internalized drugs.
A critical review of simulation‐based medical education research: 2003–2009 (2009)

Development of and research into SBME have grown and matured over the past 40 years on substantive and methodological grounds. We believe the impact and educational utility of SBME are likely to increase in the future. More thematic programmes of research are needed. Simulation-based medical education is a complex service intervention that needs to be planned and practised with attention to organisational contexts.
STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE 2,4-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXOLAN-2-YL RADICAL (1973)

Abstract The acetone-initiated photochemical addition of cis- or trans-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane to methyl acrylate at −78°C leads to a mixture of geometrically isomeric methyl 3-(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propionates with partial retention of the original configuration of the starting dioxolane. This constitutes evidence for a pyramidal structure of the radical centre of 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl radicals involved as an intermediate in the photochemical addition.
Tandem Repeat Deletion in the Alpha C Protein of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Is <i>recA</i> Independent (2001)

Group B streptococci (GBS) contain a family of protective surface proteins characterized by variable numbers of repeating units within the proteins. The prototype alpha C protein of GBS from the type Ia/C strain A909 contains a series of nine identical 246-bp tandem repeat units. We have previously shown that deletions in the tandem repeat region of the alpha C protein affect both the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the protein in animal models, and these deletions may serve as a virulence mechanism in GBS. The molecular mechanism of tandem repeat deletion is unknown. To determine whether RecA-mediated homologous recombination is involved in this process, we identified, cloned, and sequenced the recA gene homologue from GBS. A strain of GBS with recA deleted, A909DeltarecA, was constructed by insertional inactivation in the recA locus. A909DeltarecA demonstrated significant sensitivity to UV light, and the 50% lethal dose of the mutant strain in a mouse intraperitoneal model of sepsis was 20-fold higher than that of the parent strain. The spontaneous rate of tandem repeat deletion in the alpha C protein in vitro, as well as in our mouse model of immune infection, was studied using A909DeltarecA. We report that tandem repeat deletion in the alpha C protein does occur in the absence of a functional recA gene both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that tandem repeat deletion in GBS occurs by a recA-independent recombinatorial pathway.
Intracellular Protein Delivery and Gene Transfection by Electroporation Using a Microneedle Electrode Array (2012)

The impact of many biopharmaceuticals, including protein- and gene-based therapies, has been limited by the need for better methods of delivery into cells within tissues. Here, intracellular delivery of molecules and transfection with plasmid DNA by electroporation is presented using a novel microneedle electrode array designed for the targeted treatment of skin and other tissue surfaces. The microneedle array is molded out of polylactic acid. Electrodes and circuitry required for electroporation are applied to the microneedle array surface by a new metal-transfer micromolding method. The microneedle array maintains mechanical integrity after insertion into pig cadaver skin and is able to electroporate human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Quantitative measurements show that increasing electroporation pulse voltage increases uptake efficiency of calcein and bovine serum albumin, whereas increasing pulse length has lesser effects over the range studied. Uptake of molecules by up to 50% of cells and transfection of 12% of cells with a gene for green fluorescent protein is demonstrated at high cell viability. It is concluded that the microneedle electrode array is able to electroporate cells, resulting in intracellular uptake of molecules, and has potential applications to improve intracellular delivery of proteins, DNA, and other biopharmaceuticals.
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the mdh and sucD genes from Thermus aquaticus B (1990)

A 3 kb DNA fragment containing the gene (mdh) encoding malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from the thermophile Thermus aquaticus B was cloned in Escherichia coli and its nucleotide sequence determined. Comparative analysis showed the nucleotide sequence to be very closely related to that determined for the Thermus flavus mdh gene and flanking regions, with no differences between the predicted amino acid sequences of the MDHs. A proximal open reading frame, identified as the sucD gene, and the mdh gene may be parts of the same operon in T. aquaticus B. Expression of the T. aquaticus B mdh gene in E. coli was found to be at a relatively low level. A simple method for purification of thermostable MDH from the E. coli clone containing the T. aquaticus B mdh gene is presented.
Dynamics of erythropoietin receptor expression on erythropoietin- responsive murine cell lines (1990)

We examined erythropoietin receptor expression in two murine cell lines, B6SUtA and DA-1, that respond to erythropoietin in different ways. While B6SUtA cells undergo erythroid differentiation with limited proliferation after addition of erythropoietin, DA-1 cells show only a proliferative response. Equilibrium binding experiments with 125I- erythropoietin revealed that both B6SUtA and DA-1 cells express a single class of erythropoietin receptors. In the absence of erythropoietin, B6SUtA cells exhibited 145 receptors per cell with a dissociation constant (kd) of 380 pmol/L. Six days after induction with erythropoietin, the B6SUtA cells displayed 310 receptors per cell without a change in binding affinity; exposure to erythropoietin also increased cellular hemoglobin content. DA-1 cells adapted to erythropoietin-dependent growth over a period of months and exhibited a progressive increase in erythropoietin receptor expression, from 85 per cell (kd = 540) to 550 per cell (kd = 530), although the cells remained uniformly benzidine-negative. We interpret the data with B6SUtA cells to indicate that early erythroid differentiation stages are attended by an increase in erythropoietin receptor display, coordinate with the initiation of expression of erythroid-specific genes. In contrast, the results with DA-1 cells are most compatible with clonal selection as the mechanism underlying enhanced receptor expression. Thus, display of the erythropoietin receptor is dynamic and can be modulated during the course of erythropoietin-induced differentiation.
Analysis on Mathematical Model for Water Hammer in Pressure Pipeline and Discussion on Its Protection (2012)

Choosing the right mathematical model and reasonable scheme of water hammer protection is very important for the safely operation of long distance water transmission pipeline.Based on the related theory and the engineering practice for many years,the mathematical model for water hammer calculation was described,the latest technology of water hammer protection was introduced,and the reasonable mathematical model for water hammer calculation and the optimum scheme of pressure pipeline water hammer protection were recommended.
Studies on spermicidal activity of surfactants. I. Correlation between spermicidal effect and physicochemical properties of p-menthanylphenyl polyoxyethylene (8.8) ether and related surfactants. (1983)

The spermicidal activities of seven nonionic surfactants against human spermatozoa were objectively determined by a statistical method, and two types of ionic surfactants were also studied for purposes of comparison. The nonionic surfactants, p-menthanylphenyl polyoxethylene adducts used in this work were synthesized from turpentine oil. These surfactants were used in the experiment after a careful confirmation of their chemical composition and molecular weight distribution. The spermicidal activities of the surfactants in terms of minimum concentrations to accomplish irreversible immobilization of all sperms in zero time was, in decreasing order, nonionic, cationic and anionic. When the most commonly used nonionics alone were considered, the sequence of decreasing spermicidal potency was isononylphenyl polyoxyethylene (9.0) ether (nonoxynol-9), p-menthanylphenyl polyoxyethylene (8.8) ether (menfegol), isooctylphenyl polyoxyethylene (9.0) ether (octoxynol-9). The surface tension and wetting time of these surfactants were determined with a view to finding physico-chemical measures of their spermicidal activity. In the statistical analysis regarding all the nine surfactants, there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between spermicidal potency and critical micelle concentration (cmc) whereas there was no significant relationship between spermicidal potency and cmc regarding the seven nonionics. There was again no significant correlation between spermicidal potency and wetting time in all but nonionics with a common hydrophobic structure. As neither surface tension nor wetting time appeared to be a valid factor, general measure of spermicidal potency of nonionic surfactants, the partition ratios between n-octanol or n-hexane and water was determined. As a result, it was revealed that there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between spermicidal potency and partition coefficient, when four types of nonionic surfactants with different hydrophobic group, which were chosen from among the seven nonionics, were tested with n-hexane. The close relationship between spermical activity and partition coefficient suggests that the spermicidal activities of these surfactants are associated with their structural affinity to the lipids of spermatozoal cell membrane.
Approximate analytic forms for the propagation characteristics of single-mode optical fibres (1985)

An approximate expression for the Petermann spot size is derived in terms of an extended form of the Marcuse spot size expression. When used in conjunction with the Rudolph-Neumann approximation it yields accurate forms for the propagation characteristics on single-mode fibres.
Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis and Identification of Key Players in nor-NOHA and NOHA Mediated Pathways for Treatment of Cancer through Arginase Inhibition: Insights from Systems Biology (2018)

Abstract L-arginine is involved in a number of biological processes in our bodies. Metabolism of L-arginine by the enzyme arginase has been found to be associated with cancer cell proliferation. Arginase inhibition has been proposed as a potential therapeutic means to inhibit this process. N-hydroxy-nor-L-Arg (nor-NOHA) and N (omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) has shown promise in inhibiting cancer progression through arginase inhibition. In this study, nor-NOHA and NOHA-associated genes and proteins were analyzed with several Bioinformatics and Systems Biology tools to identify the associated pathways and the key players involved so that a more comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms including the regulatory mechanisms can be achieved and more potential targets for treatment of cancer can be discovered. Based on the analyses carried out, 3 significant modules have been identified from the PPI network. Five pathways/processes have been found to be significantly associated with nor-NOHA and NOHA associated genes. Out of the 1996 proteins in the PPI network, 4 have been identified as hub proteins-SOD, SOD1, AMD1, and NOS2. These 4 proteins have been implicated in cancer by other studies. Thus, this study provided further validation into the claim of these 4 proteins being potential targets for cancer treatment.
Importance of lipids in the nutritional treatment of inflammatory diseases. (2006)

Over the last decades, scientific advances in the knowledge of anti-inflammatory properties of lipids have lead to the development of new formulas for enteral and parenteral nutrition. These products have been utilised as a treatment for a variety of inflammatory diseases. In this review we expose the effects of lipids used in enteral nutriton on different inflammatory pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, lung fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. During inflammatory diseases, eicosanoids are produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids present in cellular membranes. Inflammatory activity of these molecules depends on the nature of their precursors: when arachidonic acid (n-6) is present, pro-inflammatory molecules are released, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3)-derived eicosanoids are weakly inflammatory. In this way, fish oils, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increase the content of eicosapentaenoic-eicosanoids and decrease arachidonic acid in immune and endothelial cells leading to a lower inflammatory activity. Likewise, oleic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by preventing the release of particular chemotactic molecules. In summary, enteral diets supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid benefits the treatment of patients with inflammatory pathologies, leading to better outcomes, and decreasing the doses of anti-inflammatory drugs, which exhibit important secondary effects.
A treatise on pharmacy for students and pharmacists (1916)

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Cell adhesion to low-<i>M</i>r proteins extractable from mineralized and soft connective tissues (1985)

Guanidinium chloride (4 M) containing proteinase inhibitors was used to extract proteins from porcine calvariae and long bones. The extracted proteins were separated on polyacrylamide slab gels and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose strips. Proteins with cell-adhesion properties were identified by incubating the strips with cells and staining with Amido Black. In addition to binding to fibronectin, both bone cells and fibroblast-like cells adhered to proteins of Mr approximately 30 000 and approximately 14 000-17 000. 4 M-Guanidinium chloride extracts of porcine skin and gingiva yielded cell-binding proteins with similar Mr values. These data suggest that these low-Mr proteins may have a general cell-adhesion function in both soft and mineralized connective tissues.
Automation of Telecom Italia directory assistance service: field trial results (2002)

Directory assistance services, which are used to retrieve the phone number of residential or business listings, are generally maintained by telcos and represent a significant cost for them. Partial or complete automation of these services would imply significant cost savings and speech recognition is a promising technique to achieve this goal, although its full exploitation still presents significant technical challenges. Telecom Italia carried out a trial of a system designed to completely automate a portion of requests on a country wide basis without any intervention of the operator, implying recognition of residential names on a subscriber database of about 25 million listings. We describe the speech recognition system and report the trial results.