gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of date extract on growth and spore germination of Bacillus subtilis. (1989)

Berhi date extract was studied for its effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From 80 to 99% inhibition was observed in nutrient broth cultures containing 20% (w/v) date extract. Spore germination of B. subtilis was inhibited completely using various concentrations of date extract. Cell elongation and depression in the cell wall of B. subtilis were seen by scanning electron microscopy as a result of incubation in a growth medium containing dates.
Pair-Trawl Detection of PIT-Tagged Juvenile Salmonids Migrating in the Columbia River Estuary, 2008 Report of Research. (2009)

In 2008, we sampled migrating juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags using a surface pair trawl in the upper Columbia River estuary (rkm 61-83). The cod-end of the trawl was replaced with a cylindrical PIT-tag detection antenna with an 86-cm-diameter fish-passage opening and two detection coils connected in series. The pair trawl was 105 m long with a 91.5-m opening between the wings and a sample depth of 4.9 m. Also during 2008, we finalized the development of a prototype 'matrix' antenna, which was larger than previous antennas by a considerable magnitude. The matrix antenna consisted of 6 coils: a 3-coil front component and a 3-coil rear component, which were separated by 1.5-m of net mesh. The fish-passage opening was 2.5 m wide by 3.0 m tall and was attached to a standard-size pair trawl net. Intermittent sampling with a single crew began on 7 March and targeted yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss. Daily sampling using two crews began on 30 April and continued through 14 June; during this period we detected 2.7% of all juvenile salmonids previously detected at Bonneville Dam--a measure of sample efficiency. Sampling with a single crew continued through 20 August and targeted subyearling Chinook salmon. We detected 7,397 yearling Chinook salmon, 2,735 subyearling Chinook salmon, 291 coho salmon O. kisutch, 5,950 steelhead, and 122 sockeye salmon O. nerka in the upper estuary. We deployed the matrix antenna system and the older, cylindrical antenna system (86-cm-diameter fish-passage opening) simultaneously in mid-May 2008 to test matrix detection efficiency. The cylindrical antenna system had been used successfully in 2007 and early 2008. Because distribution of migrating salmonids in the estuary changes rapidly, we felt that a tandem sampling effort between the two systems was the only way to truly evaluate comparative detection efficiency. We deployed both systems within 1 km of each other during a period of high fish densities on 13, 14, and 15 May. Detections of the matrix system surpassed those of the cylindrical system by 53% in 14 h of simultaneous sampling (total detections 716 and 339, respectively). We believe that the higher detection rate observed with the matrix system was due to fewer smolts escaping the trawl entrance and to more smolts readily passing through the larger fish-passage opening. After tandem sampling, we continued exclusive use of the matrix system for the remainder of the 2008 juvenile migration season. Mean survival rates from Lower Granite to Bonneville Dam for yearling Chinook salmon and steelhead were 42% (SE = 3.7%) and 46% (SE = 1.5%), respectively. Over 358,000 PIT-tagged salmonids were transported, and we detected 4,619 of these fish.
Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis of Monoclonal Gammopathies (2009)

Measurement of free kappa and free lambda light chains plays a key role in diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis for many patients with a monoclonal gammopathy. These assays are advocated by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) as an essential component of the primary screening algorithm for suspected monoclonal plasma cell disorders.18 Markedly increased baseline clonal free light chain concentrations are associated with poor prognosis in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, and virtually every plasma cell disorder.18 An abnormal serum free light chain ratio at baseline is predictive of an increased risk of progression in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.20 Serial monitoring with serum free light chain analysis is recommended by the IMWG for patients with oligosecretory myeloma and AL amyloidosis. Additional data is needed to critically assess the utility of serum free light chain analysis as a serial monitoring technique in patients with multiple myeloma. The significance of isolated serum free light chain ratio abnormalities (“free light chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance”) also needs to be explored.
Acute inflammation and a Shwartzman-like reaction induced by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Synergistic action of the cytokines in the induction of inflammation and microvascular injury. (1987)

A Shwartzman-like reaction was elicited in rabbits by preparing the skin with intradermal injections of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1 alpha or beta). The animals were challenged intravenously with endotoxin or by intravascular activation of complement with immune complexes or zymosan 18 hours later and were sacrificed after another 2 hours. Animals challenged with saline did not develop Shwartzman-like reactions. The sites prepared with endotoxin or with either form of IL-1 plus TNF alpha developed visible hemorrhage, whereas sites injected with either IL-1 or TNF alpha alone did not. Hemorrhage and microthrombosis were quantitated with 59Fe-labeled erythrocytes and 111In-platelets for 2 hours after the intravenous challenge, and the findings confirmed the observations made on gross inspection. Dermal sites prepared with the cytokines and challenged intravenously with endotoxin, immune complexes, or zymosan exhibited some diffuse hemorrhage and an intense erythrocyte extravasation around distended vessels, along skin appendages, and the panniculus carnosus muscle. The lumens of many large and postcapillary venules contained aggregates of platelets and leukocytes. These changes were superimposed on those seen at prepared sites (leukocyte infiltration). By electron microscopy fibrin was demonstrable in association with the formed elements of the blood. Histologic examination of the 18-hour-old preparative lesions or 20-hour-old lesions of saline-"challenged" animals revealed accumulation of leukocytes in the dermis, predominantly neutrophils. This accumulation was sparse at sites treated with only IL-1 or TNF alpha, but very intense at sites treated with both IL-1 and TNF alpha or with endotoxin. These observations were confirmed quantitatively by measuring the accumulation of 51Cr-labeled neutrophils for 2 hours after injection. The potency of IL-1 alpha was comparable to that in our earlier report, and TNF alpha was about three log times less potent. Sites treated with both IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha resulted in 69% greater neutrophil emigration than the additive response elicited by each cytokine. The reported findings implicate a synergism between IL-1 and TNF alpha in the induction of both the inflammatory reaction (preceding the Shwartzman reaction) and the thrombohemorrhagic component of the Shwartzman reaction proper.
Design and Implementation of DSP algorithms for 100 Gbps Coherent Optical-OFDM (CO-OFDM) Systems (2013)

National audience
<title>Figure of merit for the optical aperture used in digital volume holographic data storage</title> (1998)

A 4-focal length, telocentric holographic storage system architecture usually employs an aperture stop. The aperture plays an important role in determining the areal density of storage as well as the extent of inter-symbol interference. We propose a figure-of-merit for such an aperture. For simplicity, we assume that a zero-forcing equalizer is used to compensate for inter-symbol interference caused by the point spread function.
Quantitative analysis of hydrogenated diamondlike carbon films by visible Raman spectroscopy (2006)

The correlations between properties of hydrogenated diamondlike carbon films and their Raman spectra have been investigated. The films are prepared by plasma deposition technique, keeping different hydrogen to methane ratios during the growth process. The hydrogen concentration, sp3 content, hardness, and optical Tauc gap of the materials have been estimated from a detailed analysis of their Raman spectra. We have also measured the same parameters of the films by using other commonly used techniques, such as sp3 content in films by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, their Tauc gap by ellipsometric measurements, and hardness by microhardness testing. The reasons for the mismatch between the characteristics of the films, as obtained by Raman measurements and by the above mentioned techniques, have been discussed. We emphasize on the importance of the visible Raman spectroscopy in reliably predicting the above key properties of diamondlike carbon films.
Expression of a P-selectin Ligand in Zona Pellucida of Porcine Oocytes and P-selectin on Acrosomal Membrane of Porcine Sperm Cells. Potential Implications for Their Involvement in Sperm–Egg Interactions (1997)

The selectin family of cell adhesion molecules mediates initial leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells at sites of inflammation. O-glycan structural similarities between oligosaccharides from human leukocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and from zona pellucida glycoproteins of porcine oocytes indicate the possible existence of a P-selectin ligand in the zona pellucida. Here, using biochemical as well as morphological approaches, we demonstrate that a P-selectin ligand is expressed in the porcine zona pellucida. In addition, a search for a specific receptor for this ligand leads to the identification of P-selectin on the acrosomal membrane of porcine sperm cells. In vitro binding of porcine acrosome-reacted sperm cells to oocytes was found to be Ca2+ dependent and inhibitable with either P-selectin, P-selectin receptor-globulin, or leukocyte adhesion blocking antibodies against P-selectin and PSGL-1. Moreover, porcine sperm cells were found to be capable of binding to human promyeloid cell line HL-60. Taken together, our findings implicate a potential role for the oocyte P-selectin ligand and the sperm P-selectin in porcine sperm-egg interactions.
A Novel Multifunctional Energy System for CO2 Removal by Solar Reforming of Natural Gas (2011)

In this paper, a novel multifunctional energy system (MES) fueled by natural gas and solar radiation is proposed. In this MES, hydrogen and electricity are cogenerated and approximately 92% of CO2 derived from natural gas is removed. The solar concentrated process provides high-temperature thermal energy to the methane/steam reforming reaction. The resulting syngas enters a pressure swing adsorption unit to separate approximately 80% of hydrogen. This process significantly increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in syngas from nearly 19% to 49%, which decreases energy consumption in CO2 removal. As a result, the overall power efficiency of the new system becomes about 39.2%. Compared to a conventional natural gas-based hydrogen plant with CO2 removal and a concentrated solar power tower plant, the overall power efficiency of the new system is increased by 7.9 percentage points. Based on the graphical exergy analysis, the integration of synthetic utilization of natural gas and solar radiation, combination of the hydrogen production plant and power plant, and integration of the energy utilization processes and CO2 separation were found to play significant roles to improve thermodynamic performance. The result obtained here provides a new approach for highly efficient use of solar radiation by hybrid natural gas.
An innovative color LCD using three color bank scrolling backlights (2008)

In order to improve the approach of the conventional LCD colored image display that has been using color filter, this research is to lead a unique innovative design by using three colors bank scrolling backlight. The backlight scrolling uses Light-Emitting-Diodes (LEDs) to replace the conventional cold cathode fluorescent lamp for fleetly light alternating between Red, Green, and Blue. Images with bank segments can be displayed in terms of RGB colors in time series. According to the human persistence of vision effect, a colorful image can be demonstrated. The advantages of this three color bank scrolling can provide a cost saving because there is no color-filter of the display, resolution tripling with RGB on the same pixel, and abundant in color saturation for the selection of dedicating wavelength LEDs color mixture. Practically, this research contents the experiments of three color bank scrolling, a building up of the prototype for backlight system, optics adjustment for a proper color mixture. The results of this research show the system not only could displace the color filter but also triple the resolution. Consequently, the system is practicable and can be proposed as a new innovation to LCD industry.
Hashtag Recommendation System in a P2P Social Networking Application (2015)

In this paper focus is on developing a hashtag recommendation system for an online social network application with a Peer-to-Peer infrastructure motivated by BestPeer++ architecture and BATON overlay structure. A user may invoke a recommendation procedure while writing the content. After being invoked, the recommendation procedure returns a list of candidate hashtags, and the user may select one hashtag from the list and embed it into the content. The proposed approach uses Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to derive the latent or hidden topics of different content. LDA topic model is a well-developed data mining algorithm and generally effective in analysing text documents with different lengths. The topic model is used to identify the candidate hashtags that are associated with the texts in the published content through their association with the derived hidden topics.
M13 Virus based detection of bacterial infections in living hosts (2013)

We report a first method for using M13 bacteriophage as a multifunctional scaffold for optically imaging bacterial infections in vivo. We demonstrate that M13 virus conjugated with hundreds of dye molecules (M13-Dye) can target and distinguish pathogenic infections of F-pili expressing and F-negative strains of E. coli. Further, in order to tune this M13-Dye complex suitable for targeting other strains of bacteria, we have used a 1-step reaction for creating an anti-bacterial antibody-M13-Dye probe. As an example, we show anti-S. aureus-M13-Dye able to target and image infections of S. aureus in living hosts, with a 3.7× increase in fluorescence over background.
The end of slow networks (2016)

The next generation of high-performance networks with remote direct memory access (RDMA) capabilities requires a fundamental rethinking of the design of distributed in-memory DBMSs. These systems are commonly built under the assumption that the network is the primary bottleneck and should be avoided at all costs, but this assumption no longer holds. For instance, with InfiniBand FDR 4×, the bandwidth available to transfer data across the network is in the same ballpark as the bandwidth of one memory channel. Moreover, RDMA transfer latencies continue to rapidly improve as well. In this paper, we first argue that traditional distributed DBMS architectures cannot take full advantage of high-performance networks and suggest a new architecture to address this problem. Then, we discuss initial results from a prototype implementation of our proposed architecture for OLTP and OLAP, showing remarkable performance improvements over existing designs.
Rapid and cost‐efficient enumeration of rare cancer cells from whole blood by low‐loss centrifugo‐magnetophoretic purification under stopped‐flow conditions (2014)

We present a substantially improved design and functionality of a centrifugo-magnetophoretic platform which integrates direct immunoseparation and cost-efficient, bright-field detection of cancer cells in whole blood. All liquid handling takes place in a disposable cartridge with geometry akin to a conventional compact disc (CD). The instrumentation required to process such a "lab-on-a-disc" cartridge can be as simple and cost-efficient as the rotor on a common optical disc drive. In a first step, target cells in a blood sample are specifically bound to paramagnetic microbeads. The sample is then placed into the disc cartridge and spun. In the second step, magnetically tagged target cells are separated by a co-rotating, essentially lateral magnetic field from the background population of abundant blood cells, and also from unbound magnetic beads. A stream of target cells centrifugally sediments through a stagnant liquid phase into a designated detection chamber. The continuous, multiforce immunoseparation proceeds very gently, i.e. the mechanical and hydrodynamic stress to the target cells is minimized to mitigate the risk of cell loss by collective entrapment in the background cells or vigorous snapping against a wall. We successfully demonstrate the extraction of MCF7 cancer cells at concentrations as low as 1 target cell per μl from a background of whole blood, with capture efficiencies of up to 88%. Its short time-to-answer is a notable characteristic of this system, with 10% of target cells collected in the first minute after their loading to the system and the remainder captured within the following 10 min. All the above-mentioned factors synergetically combine to leverage the development of a prospective point-of-care device for CTC detection.
Incremental String Comparison (1998)

The problem of comparing two sequences A and B to determine their longest common subsequence (LCS) or the edit distance between them has been much studied. In this paper we consider the following incremental version of these problems: given an appropriate encoding of a comparison between A and B, can one incrementally compute the answer for A and bB, and the answer for A and Bb with equal efficiency, where b is an additional symbol? Our main result is a theorem exposing a surprising relationship between the dynamic programming solutions for two such "adjacent" problems. Given a threshold k on the number of differences to be permitted in an alignment, the theorem leads directly to an O(k) algorithm for incrementally computing a new solution from an old one, as contrasts the O(k2 ) time required to compute a solution from scratch. We further show, with a series of applications, that this algorithm is indeed more powerful than its nonincremental counterpart. We show this by solving the applications with greater asymptotic efficiency than heretofore possible. For example, we obtain O(nk) algorithms for the longest prefix approximate match problem, the approximate overlap problem, and cyclic string comparison.
POSIX Access Control Lists on Linux (2003)

This paper discusses file system Access Control Lists as implemented in several UNIX-like operating systems. After recapitulating the concepts of these Access Control Lists that never formally became a POSIX standard, we focus on the different aspects of implementation and use on Linux.
The polygalacturonases of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> are encoded by a family of diverged genes (1992)

Aspergillus niger produces several polygalacturonases that, with other enzymes, are involved in the degradation of pectin. One of the two previously characterized genes coding for the abundant polygalacturonases I and II (PGI and PGII) found in a commercial pectinase preparation was used as a probe to isolate five more genes by screening a genomic DNA library in phage lambda EMBL4 using conditions of moderate stringency. The products of these genes were detected in the culture medium of Aspergillus nidulans transformants on the basis of activity measurements and Western-blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody raised against PGI. These transformants were, with one exception, constructed using phage DNA. A. nidulans transformants secreted high amounts of PGI and PGII in comparison to the previously characterized A. niger transformants and a novel polygalacturonase (PGC) was produced at high levels by A. nidulans transformed with the subcloned pgaC gene. This gene was sequenced and the protein-coding region was found to be interrupted by three introns; the different intron/exon organization of the three sequenced A. niger polygalacturonase genes can be explained by the gain or loss of two single introns. The pgaC gene encodes a putative 383-amino-acid prepro-protein that is cleaved after a pair of basic amino acids and shows approximately 60% amino acid sequence similarity to the other polygalacturonases in the mature protein. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the A. niger polygalacturonases display characteristic amino acid insertions or deletions that are also observed in polygalacturonases of phytopathogenic fungi. In the upstream regions of the A. niger polygalacturonase genes, a sequence of ten conserved nucleotides comprising a CCAAT sequence was found, which is likely to represent a binding site for a regulatory protein as it shows a high similarity to the yeast CYC1 upstream activation site recognized by the HAP2/3/4 activation complex.
Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Volume 2. Cognitive Processes and Performance (1994)

Abstract : This chapter has attempted to bring together the laboratory and field-based techniques currently in use to assess workload. No doubt, many specific procedures of interest to particular applications have been left out of this survey. In no sense is this meant to summarily exclude these from any list of valid workload assessment techniques. In fact, several of these are acknowledged to show considerable promise (e.g., occlusion techniques and respiratory rhythms). They are not discussed here partly because of space limitations and partly because a judgment had to be made concerning the practicality and general applicability of each measure. It is hoped that the inclusion of general references will serve to point the interested reader to the individual techniques not included here. Similarly, a class of techniques frequently used to assess workload was deliberately excluded from this chapter. Task analytic methods, particularly as they are used with computer models of whole missions or operations (see e.g., Lane, Strieb, Glenn, & Wherry, 1981) constitute an important tool for work- load investigations during design and other stages of aircraft and systems development. These techniques, however, are primarily off-line analyses that utilize the kind of laboratory and field data gathered with the techniques such as those described in this chapter. They provide an overall systems answer to the workload question and as such deserve separate treatment from highly specific workload measures. The interested reader is referred to Chubb (1981), Geer (1981), Lane et al. (1981), Parks (1979), and Wherry (1984) for reviews and introductions to some of the modeling techniques used in these areas. swr
The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group (2012)

The W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator group (the SSN-XG) produced an OWL 2 ontology to describe sensors and observations — the SSN ontology, available at http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn. The SSN ontology can describe sensors in terms of capabilities, measurement processes, observations and deployments. This article describes the SSN ontology. It further gives an example and describes the use of the ontology in recent research projects.