gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radar and radio data fusion platform for future intelligent transportation system (2010)

We present a software-defined data fusion system which integrates both radar (sensing) function and radio (communication) function within a single transceiver platform. In the proposed architecture, the radar mode and the radio mode operate in different time slots. The required modulated waveform is generated with the help of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) that is able to control signal parameters such as amplitude, frequency and phase with very high resolution. For the radar mode, a specially arranged trapezoidal frequency modulation continuous-wave (TFMCW) modulation scheme is adopted, which combines three time intervals, namely an up-chirp, a constant-frequency period and a down-chirp. As such, range-velocity ambiguity can be resolved. Moreover, a constant-frequency period follows the radar cycle in the transmitted signal, which can be encoded with information data using different modulation schemes such as ASK, FSK, PSK, and some combinations among them. A low-frequency prototype for the 5.9-GHz dedicated short range communication (DSRC) system was designed and prototyped. Both system simulation results and preliminary measurement results have proved the proposed concept. The presented system has demonstrated such advantages as low cost, low complexity, and versatile functionality, which promises to play an important role in the design of future intelligent transportation system.
Syntheses of homopolymer and water‐soluble polymers containing tetraphenylporphinatomanganese(III) complex, and ligand substitution reaction for anionic ligand (1994)

Abstract A vinyl monomer containing the pendant tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) group, 4‐vinyltetraphenylporphyrin (VTPP), was synthesized. A homopolymer (PVTPP) which is insoluble in water, and three water‐soluble polymers were obtained by radical polymerization. The water‐soluble polymers are two anionic polymers (PVPTSPP and PVTPP‐StSO 3 ) and a cationic polymer (PVTPP‐VPyM). PVPTSPP has sulfonic acid groups in a TPP group and very high charge density. PVTPP‐StSO 3 was obtained by copolymerization of VTPP and sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate. PVTPP‐VPyM was obtained by quarternarization of a copolymer of VTPP and 4‐vinylpyridine. Polymeric manganese(III) complexes (PMn‐VTPP, PMnVPTSPP, PMnVTPP‐StSO 3 , and PMnVTPP‐VPyM) were prepared from the polymers and manganese acetate. The acetate ligand in PMnVTPP can be easily substituted by another ligand such as Cl − , AcO − , OH − , and SCN − . The substitution reaction occurs in the interface between water and chloroform. The sulfonated homopolymer, PMnVPTSPP, cannot incorporate with anionic ligands because of the strong electrostatic repulsion. In the anionic copolymer, PMnVTPP‐StSO 3 , the ligand substitution reaction with SCN ligand needs activation energy of 53 kJ/mol. In the cationic polymer complex, PMnVTPP‐VPyM, the OH ligand can be easily substituted with the SCN ligand and the equilibrium constant of the reaction was estimated at 1.38 × 10 −3 . © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Reasonable Approach for Defining Load Index in Parallel Computing (2008)

Load balancing plays a key role in workload scheduling policies which count in the performance improvement of parallel applications. A critical problem of load balancing is to make a reasonable definition of load index. Unfortunately, few studies provided enough scientific justifications for the choice of load indices. In this paper, a reasonable approach for defining a load index based on factor analysis theory is introduced, which is helpful to reasonable designs of workload scheduling algorithms. An example testing on an accounting log of the CM-5 parallel machine is presented to show the usage of this method.
Ultrasonic void estimation system for determination of liquids in microgravity tanks (1988)

An ultrasonic measurement technique has been developed for determining the quantity of liquid storage tanks in the microgravity environment. When the void fraction in a vessel is sufficiently small and the liquid wets the vessel, a spherical void interior to the liquid forms. The proposed procedure, the void estimate center technique (VECT), uses an iterative algorithm to compute the center location and thus the radius of a spherically shaped void. The VECT algorithm has been developed as a two-dimensional model that can also be easily extended to three-dimensional problems. After evaluating different transducer locations, a prototype was constructed and its performance was evaluated. Both system design and hardware are discussed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Apnea of prematurity: theophylline v. caffeine. (1993)

During a fifteen month period, 401 two channel (heart rate and respiratory impedance), 12 hour pneumocardiograms on 277 preterm infants were performed. Each pneumocardiogram was evaluated according to the following set of criteria: prolonged apnea (apnea > 19 seconds or shorter if associated with heart rate of < 80bpm for > 2 seconds or observed cyanosis); short apnea (apnea 10-19 seconds); periodic breathing (normal respiratory pattern interrupted by > 2 breathing pauses of > 5 seconds during > 1 minute duration). Apnea density was used as prime measure in determining abnormal pneumocardiograms and was defined by total apnea time (seconds) x 100 divided by recording time while periodic breathing index defined by total periodic breathing time (minutes) x 100 divided by recording time. Sixty infants (24%) had apnea densities > or = 5 which prompted therapy with theophylline. Sixteen of these infants (27%) failed to resolve their apnea within 7 days (apnea density > or = 3) and were placed on caffeine citrate. Caffeine decreased the apnea density of fourteen of these infants (88%) to 0.8 (95% CI; 0-2.3). Efficacy of both methylxanthines to normalize the pneumocardiogram was similar (p = 0.5). Persistent apnea unresponsive to theophylline may respond to orally administered caffeine citrate.
Transposon Mutagenesis Used to Study the Role of Complement Resistance in the Virulence of an Avian Escherichia coli Isolate (1992)

The role of complement resistance in the virulence of an avian Escherichia coli isolate was examined with transposon mutagenesis. A suicide plasmid containing a kanamycin-encoding mini-transposon was used to transform a virulent complement-resistant avian E. coli isolate. A less resistant mutant was identified that contained a transposon insertion in a plasmid and in the chromosome. This loss of complement resistance was associated with a drop in virulence in an embryo assay. No other phenotypic changes were detected in the mutant. These results suggest that complement resistance is associated with the virulence of this organism.
Cascaded convolutional codes (2002)

The construction and performance of cascaded convolutional codes is investigated. An interleaver is used between the inner and outer codes to redistribute errors out of the inner decoder. In addition, the structure of the interleaver is exploited to improve the distance properties of the overall cascaded code. This configuration is shown to have a performance advantage compared to a single complex convolutional code with the same rate and decoder complexity.
Learning from the Past: Intelligent On-Line Weather Monitoring Based on Matrix Completion (2014)

Matrix completion has emerged very recently and provides a new venue for low cost data gathering in WSNs. Existing schemes often assume that the data matrix has a known and fixed low-rank, which is unlikely to hold in a practical monitoring system such as weather data gathering. Weather data varies in temporal and spatial domain with time. By analyzing a large set of weather data collected from 196 sensors in ZhuZhou, China, we reveal that weather data have the features of low-rank, temporal stability, and relative rank stability. Taking advantage of these features, we propose an on-line data gathering scheme based on matrix completion theory, named MC-Weather, to adaptively sample different locations according to environmental and weather conditions. To better schedule sampling process while satisfying the required reconstruction accuracy, we propose several novel techniques, including three sample learning principles, an adaptive sampling algorithm based on matrix completion, and a uniform time slot and cross sample model. With these techniques, our MC-Weather scheme can collect the sensory data at required accuracy while largely reduce the cost for sensing, communication and computation. We perform extensive simulations based on the real weather data sets and the simulation results validate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Heparin binding domain in vitronectin is required for oligomerization and thus enhances integrin mediated cell adhesion and spreading (2010)

Vitronectin is a multi-functional protein found predominantly as a monomer in blood and as an oligomer in the extracellular matrix. We have dissected the minimal regions of vitronectin protein needed for effective integrin dependent cell adhesion and spreading. A fragment of vitronectin containing the RGD integrin binding site showed similar binding affinity as that of full vitronectin protein to purified integrin alphavbeta3 but had diminished cell adhesion and spreading function in vivo. We demonstrate that the oligomeric state of the protein is responsible for this effect. We provide compelling evidence for the involvement of the heparin binding domain of vitronectin in the oligomerization process and show that such oligomerization reinforces the activity of vitronectin in cell adhesion and spreading.
Effect of dietary linoleate content on the metabolic response of rats to <i>Escherichia coli</i> endotoxin (1987)

Dietary fat influences many aspects of immune function. Escherichia coli endotoxin is a potent stimulator of interleukin 1 production from macrophages. The present study examines the effect of feeding with fat diets rich (corn oil) and poor (coconut oil) in linoleate at high and low concentrations on responses to endotoxin. Spleen phosphatidylcholine linoleate contents were higher in the corn oil than in the coconut oil group and arachidonate concentrations were highest in the group fed a high concentration of corn oil. Coconut oil completely abolished the responses to endotoxin. The inhibitory effects of coconut oil could largely be due to reduced prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.
Single-Event Upset Mitigation Design Flow for Xilinx FPGA PowerPC Systems (2008)

Orbital, space-based, and extra-terrestrial applications are susceptible to the effects of high energy charged particles. Single-event upsets (SEUs) can alter the logic state of any static memory element (latch, flip-flop, or RAM cell) including the components of an embedded hard processor. These upsets are unavoidable but correctable for the logic around the processor in FPGA configuration memory. This application note describes mitigation techniques and corresponding design flow when using a Xilinx FPGA with an embedded processor (specifically the PowerPC ® 405 found in the Virtex™-4 FX family) in high-radiation environments. This example contains a block RAM scrubber example for block RAM blocks attached to the processor local bus (PLB) used for code execution. Since this technique cannot triplicate the PowerPC 405 (PPC405), the surrounding logic is mitigated as much as practically possible. Therefore, the user must determine if the system mitigation is sufficient for the target environment. Note: It is essential for the reader to have a basic understanding of the Xilinx tool flow using the Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS), triple-module-redundancy (TMR) techniques, the Xilinx TMRTool, and ISE™ software. An in-depth understanding of [Ref 1] is also essential. In addition, an understanding of VHDL design and practice is recommended. Tools needed to complete the example design flow The design flow described in this application note is based upon the following toolset: • Xilinx ISE software (8.2i SP3)
Elite Bases Regression: A Real-time Algorithm for Symbolic Regression (2017)

Symbolic regression is an important but challenging research topic in data mining. It can detect the underlying mathematical models. Genetic programming (GP) is one of the most popular methods for symbolic regression. However, its convergence speed might be too slow for large scale problems with a large number of variables. This drawback has become a bottleneck in practical applications. In this paper, a new non-evolutionary real-time algorithm for symbolic regression, Elite Bases Regression (EBR), is proposed. EBR generates a set of candidate basis functions coded with parse-matrix in specific mapping rules. Meanwhile, a certain number of elite bases are preserved and updated iteratively according to the correlation coefficients with respect to the target model. The regression model is then spanned by the elite bases. A comparative study between EBR and a recent proposed machine learning method for symbolic regression, Fast Function eXtraction (FFX), are conducted. Numerical results indicate that EBR can solve symbolic regression problems more effectively.
The role of anaerobic digestion of domestic sewage in closing the water and nutrient cycle at community level (1999)

Decentralised sewage treatment is more and more considered to be a sustainable way of waste(water) treatment. Three different options for the on-site treatment of sewage in combination with VFY (Vegetable, Fruit and Yard waste) with anaerobic treatment as a central technique are presented. The collection system and therewith the composition and concentration of the sewage will determine the type of anaerobic technology and the process conditions to be applied. Model calculations are made for determining the HRT to be applied in a UASB system at an obliged SRT at a certain temperature.
Treatment of Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients With an Iodine-131–Labeled Murine Anti-CD30 Monoclonal Antibody (2005)

Purpose Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has been demonstrated to be a good target for immunotherapy since lymphocyte activation markers such as CD30 are expressed in high numbers on the malignant cells. Thus, we developed a new radioimmunoconjugate consisting of the murine anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki-4 labeled with iodine-131 ( 131 I). Patients and Methods The biodistribution of 131 I–Ki-4 was assessed via dosimetry after preinfusion of 5 mg native Ki-4 followed by 250 to 300 MBq 131 I-labeled Ki-4. Whole-body scintigraphy was performed 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 6 days after the infusion. Dosimetry was calculated using the programs NucliDose ICON-IDL (version 5.0.2; Siemens, Erlanger, Germany) and MIRDOSE (version 3.1; Oak Ridge National Laboratories; Oak Ridge, TN). The therapeutic dose was given on day 8 after preinfusion of unlabeled Ki-4. Results We treated 22 patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive HL. Preinfusion of 5 mg native Ki-4 was sufficient to bind the soluble CD30. Imaging demonstrated localization of involved areas measuring 5 cm in diameter or more in four patients and 2.5 cm in one patient. Patients received total body doses of 0.035 Gy to 0.99 Gy. Acute toxicity was mild with grade 1 fatigue in 19 of 22 assessable patients. Seven patients experienced grade 4 degrees hematotoxicity 4 to 8 weeks after treatment. Response included one complete remission, five partial remissions, and three minor responses. Conclusion Treatment with 131 I–Ki-4 is effective but can be associated with severe hematotoxicity.
Semi-Supervised Discriminative Classification Robust to Sample-Outliers and Feature-Noises (2018)

Discriminative methods commonly produce models with relatively good generalization abilities. However, this advantage is challenged in real-world applications (e.g., medical image analysis problems), in which there often exist outlier data points (sample-outliers) and noises in the predictor values (feature-noises). Methods robust to both types of these deviations are somewhat overlooked in the literature. We further argue that denoising can be more effective, if we learn the model using all the available labeled and unlabeled samples, as the intrinsic geometry of the sample manifold can be better constructed using more data points. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised robust discriminative classification method based on the least-squares formulation of linear discriminant analysis to detect sample-outliers and feature-noises simultaneously, using both labeled training and unlabeled testing data. We conduct several experiments on a synthetic, some benchmark semi-supervised learning, and two brain neurodegenerative disease diagnosis datasets (for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases). Specifically for the application of neurodegenerative diseases diagnosis, incorporating robust machine learning methods can be of great benefit, due to the noisy nature of neuroimaging data. Our results show that our method outperforms the baseline and several state-of-the-art methods, in terms of both accuracy and the area under the ROC curve.
Molecular design and evaluation of quinoxaline-carbohydrate hybrids as novel and efficient photo-induced GG-selective DNA cleaving agents (2002)

Quinoxaline, found in antitumor quinoxaline antibiotics, was found to cleave double stranded DNA at the 5' side guanine of 5'-GG-3' site on irradiation with long wavelength UV light without any additive; furthermore, a bis(quinoxaline-carbohydrate) hybrid system was very effective for DNA cleavage.
Structures of Receptor Complexes of a North American H7N2 Influenza Hemagglutinin with a Loop Deletion in the Receptor Binding Site (2010)

Human infections with subtype H7 avian influenza viruses have been reported as early as 1979. In 1996, a genetically stable 24-nucleotide deletion emerged in North American H7 influenza virus hemagglutinins, resulting in an eight amino acid deletion in the receptor-binding site. The continuous circulation of these viruses in live bird markets, as well as its documented ability to infect humans, raises the question of how these viruses achieve structural stability and functionality. Here we report a detailed molecular analysis of the receptor binding site of the North American lineage subtype H7N2 virus A/New York/107/2003 (NY107), including complexes with an avian receptor analog (3'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, 3'SLN) and two human receptor analogs (6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, 6'SLN; sialyllacto-N-tetraose b, LSTb). Structural results suggest a novel mechanism by which residues Arg220 and Arg229 (H3 numbering) are used to compensate for the deletion of the 220-loop and form interactions with the receptor analogs. Glycan microarray results reveal that NY107 maintains an avian-type (alpha2-3) receptor binding profile, with only moderate binding to human-type (alpha2-6) receptor. Thus despite its dramatically altered receptor binding site, this HA maintains functionality and confirms a need for continued influenza virus surveillance of avian and other animal reservoirs to define their zoonotic potential.
Isolation and sequencing of a gene, C-ADE1, and its use for a host-vector system in Candida maltosa with two genetic markers. (1991)

The host-vector systems of an n-alkane-assimilating-yeast, Candida maltosa, that we previously constructed consisted of a vector replicating with an ARS region of this yeast, and C. maltosa strains J288 (leu2) or CH1 (his5) as hosts. Since each of these hosts has a single genetic marker, we have developed a new host-vector system using two genetic markers. By UV irradiation of strain CH1, an adenine auxotrophic mutant, CHA1, forming red colonies was isolated. A DNA fragment complementing this deficiency was isolated from the C. maltosa genome. Since the DNA fragment also complemented the ade1 mutation of S. cerevisiae, we termed a gene contained in this DNA fragment C-ADE1. The nucleotides of C-ADE1 were sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence (291 residues) had 65.6% homology with that of ADE1 of S. cerevisiae (306 residues). Having the cloned C-ADE1 DNA, we improved the host-vector system of C. maltosa.
Biodynamic response mitigation to shock loads using magnetorheological helicopter crew seat suspensions (2005)

Biodynamic response mitigation of both sinusoidal vibration and shock loads using a magnetorheological (MR) seat suspension is investigated. In doing so, an MR seat suspension model for helicopters, with a detailed lumped parameter model of a human body, was developed. The lumped parameter model of the human body consists of four parts: pelvis, upper torso, viscera, and head. From the model, the governing equation of motion of the MR seat suspension considering the human body was derived. Based on this equation, a semi-active nonlinear optimal control algorithm appropriate for the MR seat suspension was developed. The simulated control performance of the MR seat suspension was evaluated under both sinusoidal vibration and shock loads due to a vertical crash landing of a helicopter. In addition, the mitigation of injuries to humans due to such shock loads was also evaluated and compared with that of the passive seat suspension using a passive hydraulic damper.
Accessing the Hidden Majority of Marine Natural Products through Metagenomics (2011)

Tiny marine animals represent an untapped reservoir for undiscovered, bioactive natural products. However, their small size and extreme chemical variability preclude traditional chemical approaches to discovering new bioactive compounds. Here, we use a metagenomic method to directly discover and rapidly access cyanobactin class natural products from these variable samples, and provide proof-of-concept for genome-based discovery and supply of marine natural products. We also address practical optimization of complex, multistep ribosomal peptide pathways in heterologous hosts, which is still very challenging. The resulting methods and concepts will be applicable to ribosomal peptide and other biosynthetic pathways.
Evolution of antibiotic resistance genes: the DNA sequence of a kanamycin resistance gene from Staphylococcus aureus. (1984)

The kanamycin resistance gene from Staphylococcus aureus has been sequenced and its structure compared with similar genes isolated from Streptomyces fradiae and from two transposons, Tn5 and Tn903, originally isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively. The genes are all homologous but, since their common ancestor, have undergone extensive divergence, with more than 43% divergence between the closest pair. The phylogeny of the genes cannot be made congruent to the phylogeny of the taxa from which they were isolated without requiring rather improbable differences in rates. One is therefore led to conclude that there have been multiple occurrences of gene transfer between these species. Thus, although they are homologous, they are neither orthologous nor paralogous. It is suggested that homologous genes of this type be called xenologous.