gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dry storage of sperm: applications in primates and domestic animals (2005)

Cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes and embryos, as well as somatic cells or cell lines for cloning from cells, are all options for the long-term storage of unique genotypes and endangered species. Spermatozoal cryopreservation and storage currently require liquid nitrogen or ultralow refrigeration-based methods for long- or short-term storage, which requires routine maintenance and extensive space requirements. The preservation of stem cells also has strict requirements for long-term storage to maintain genetic integrity. Dessicated (lyopreserved) sperm and stem cells will provide an unprecedented type of long-term storage without the need for expensive and burdensome cryogenic conditions. Experiments were conducted to determine an effective intracellular concentration of the lyoprotectant trehalose. High-pressure liquid chromatography studies revealed that trehalose can be incorporated into mature sperm cells as well as spermatogonial stem cells from rhesus monkeys. In addition, using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we determined that thermotropic phase transitions for fresh ejaculates from rhesus monkey and stallion sperm occurred at 10-15, 33-37 and 55-59 degrees C. Preliminary studies in our laboratory have indicated that spermatogonial stem cells can be dried to <3 g g(-1) water and maintain viability following rehydration. Studies in our laboratory have provided preliminary results suggesting that the desiccated storage of sperm and spermatogonial stem cells may be a viable alternative to conventional cryopreservation.
An adiabatic quantum flux parametron as an ultra-low-power logic device (2013)

Ultra-low-power adiabatic quantum flux parametron (QFP) logic is investigated since it has the potential to reduce the bit energy per operation to the order of the thermal energy. In this approach, nonhysteretic QFPs are operated slowly to prevent nonadiabatic energy dissipation occurring during switching events. The designed adiabatic QFP gate is estimated to have a dynamic energy dissipation of 12% of IcΦ0 for a rise/fall time of 1000 ps. It can be further reduced by reducing circuit inductances. Three stages of adiabatic QFP NOT gates were fabricated using a Nb Josephson integrated circuit process and their correct operation was confirmed.
Altered transit and bacterial overgrowth in the cystic fibrosis mouse small intestine (2007)

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may play an important role in the gastrointestinal complications of cystic fibrosis (CF). This work explored two potential factors in development of SIBO in the CF (cftr(tm1UNC)) mouse: impaired Paneth cell innate defenses and altered gastrointestinal motility. Postnatal differentiation of Paneth cells was followed by Defcr, Lyzs, and Ang4 gene expression, and SIBO was measured by quantitative PCR of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Paneth cell gene expression was low in 4-day-old CF and wild-type (WT) mice and increased similarly in both groups of mice between 12 and 16 days. Peak Paneth cell gene expression was reached by 40 days of age and was less for Defcr and Lyzs in CF mice compared with WT, whereas Ang4 levels were greater in CF mice. SIBO occurred by postnatal day 8 in CF mice, which is before Paneth cell development. With the use of gavaged rhodamine-dextran to follow motility, gastric emptying in CF mice was slightly decreased compared with WT, and small intestinal transit was dramatically less. Since antibiotics improve weight gain in CF mice, their effects on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were determined. Antibiotics did not affect gastric emptying or transit in CF mice but did significantly slow intestinal transit in WT mice, suggesting a potential role of normal microflora in regulating transit. In conclusion, small intestinal transit was significantly slower in CF mice, and this is likely a major factor in SIBO in CF.
Identification of genes induced in Vibrio cholerae in a dynamic biofilm system (2014)

The facultative human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe secretory diarrheal disease cholera, persists in its aquatic reservoirs in biofilms during interepidemic periods. Biofilm is a likely form in which clinically relevant V. cholerae is taken up by humans, providing an infective dose. Thus, a better understanding of biofilm formation of V. cholerae is relevant for the ecology and epidemiology of cholera as well as a target to control the disease. Most previous studies have investigated static biofilms of V. cholerae and elucidated structural prerequisites like flagella, pili and a biofilm matrix including extracellular DNA, numerous matrix proteins and exopolysaccharide, as well as the involvement of regulatory pathways like two-component systems, quorum sensing and c-di-GMP signaling. However, aquatic environments are more likely to reflect an open, dynamic system. Hence, we used a biofilm system with constant medium flow and a temporal controlled reporter-system of transcription to identify genes induced during dynamic biofilm formation. We identified genes known or predicted to be involved in c-di-GMP signaling, motility and chemotaxis, metabolism, and transport. Subsequent phenotypic characterization of mutants with independent mutations in candidate dynamic biofilm-induced genes revealed novel insights into the physiology of static and dynamic biofilm conditions. The results of this study also reinforce the hypotheses that distinct differences in regulatory mechanisms governing biofilm development are present under dynamic conditions compared to static conditions.
A Novel Approach for Attention Management in E-learning Systems (2010)

This study presents new approaches for the detection and treatment of the attention of a student by an e-learning system through the use of the information given by the implicit interaction of the student with the system and the data coming from non-invasive devices such as webcams. Furthermore, the paper proposes two models for the treatment of the attention of students to be applied to an existing e-learning environment, in order to provide personalized content to the students and thus improving their learning experience.
Prognostic Factors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Relationship with Interferon and Bone Marrow Transplantation (1993)

To evaluate the prognostic features of Ph+ CML patients treated by allogeneic BMT or by IFN, we reviewed the data of 50 consecutive pts who were transplanted between 1984 and 1988 and of 180 consecutive patients who were assigned to continuous IFN treatment between 1986 and 1988. In the BMT group, Sokal's system predicted survival (transplant-associated mortality). In the IFN group, Sokal's system, platelet count, and peripheral blood blast cell percentage predicted karyotypic response. In this group, survival was related more significantly with blast cell than with Sokal's score. The strongest predictor of survival was karyotypic response to IFN, with a 4-year survival of 94% for responders vs. 56% for non-responders.
New and Improved Approaches for Shared-Path Protection in WDM Mesh Networks (2004)

This paper investigates the problem of dynamic survivable lightpath provisioning in optical mesh networks employing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). In particular, we focus on shared-path protection because it is resource efficient due to the fact that backup paths can share wavelength links when their corresponding working paths are mutually diverse. Our main contributions are as follows. 1) First, we prove that the problem of finding an eligible pair of working and backup paths for a new lightpath request requiring shared-path protection under the current network state is NP-complete. 2) Then, we develop a heuristic, called CAFES, to compute a feasible solution with high probability. 3) Finally, we design another heuristic, called OPT, to optimize resource consumption for a given solution. The merits of our approaches are that they capture the essence of shared-path protection and approach to optimal solutions without enumerating paths. We evaluate the effectiveness of our heuristics and the results are found to be promising.
Cortical dysplasia (1998)

Human cortical dysplastic lesions are frequently associated with severe partial epilepsies. We report an immunocytochemical investigation on cortical tissue from three surgically treated patients, 20, 38, and 14 years old, with intractable epilepsy due to cortical dysplasia. The studies were performed using antibodies recognizing cytoskeletal proteins, calcium-binding proteins, and some subunits of glutamate receptors. The specimens from the three patients displayed common features: (1) focal cytoarchitectural abnormalities with an increased number of giant pyramidal neurons through all cortical layers except layer I; (2) large, round-shaped balloon cells mainly concentrated in the deepest part of the cortex and in the white matter; (3) a decrease of calcium binding protein immunopositive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons; and (4) abnormal baskets of parvalbumin-positive terminals around the excitatory (pyramidal and large, round-shaped) neurons. These data provide evidence that the epileptogenicity in these types of cortical dysplasia is due to an increase in excitatory neurons coupled with a decrease in GABAergic interneurons.
Advances in capillary electrochromatography and micro‐high performance liquid chromatography monolithic columns for separation science (2003)

Over the last decade, monoliths or continuous beds have emerged as an alternative to traditional packed-bed columns for use in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and micro-high performance liquid chromatography (micro-HPLC). Monolithic columns can be divided into two categories: silica-based monolithic columns and rigid organic polymer-based monolithic columns resulting from the polymerization of acrylamide, styrene, acrylate or methacrylate monomers. In this paper, the chemistry and most recent applications of these various types of monoliths in both CEC and micro-HPLC are presented.
Understanding, predicting, and tuning the fragility of vitrimeric polymers (2019)

Fragility is an empirical property that describes how abruptly a glass-forming material solidifies upon supercooling. The degree of fragility carries important implications for the functionality and processability of a material, as well as for our fundamental understanding of the glass transition. However, the microstructural properties underlying fragility still remain poorly understood. Here, we explain the microstructure-fragility link in vitrimeric networks, a novel type of high-performance polymers with unique bond-swapping functionality and unusual glass-forming behavior. Our results are gained from coarse-grained computer simulations and first-principles mode-coupling theory (MCT) of star-polymer vitrimers. We first demonstrate that the vitrimer fragility can be tuned over an unprecedentedly broad range, from fragile to strong and even superstrong behavior, by decreasing the bulk density. Remarkably, this entire phenomenology can be reproduced by microscopic MCT, thus challenging the conventional belief that existing first-principles theories cannot account for nonfragile behaviors. Our MCT analysis allows us to rationally identify the microstructural origin of the fragile-to-superstrong crossover, which is rooted in the sensitivity of the static structure factor to temperature variations. On the molecular scale, this behavior stems from a change in dominant length scales, switching from repulsive excluded-volume interactions to intrachain attractions as the vitrimer density decreases. Finally, we develop a simplified schematic MCT model which corroborates our microscopically founded conclusions and which unites our findings with earlier MCT studies. Our work sheds additional light on the elusive structure-fragility link in glass-forming matter and provides a first-principles-based platform for designing amorphous materials with an on-demand dynamic response.
Evaluation of the influence of large temperature variations on the grey level content of B-mode images (2010)

In this work, the variation of the grey-level content of B-Mode images is assessed, when the medium is subjected to large temperature variations. The goal is to understand how the features obtained from the grey-level pattern can be used to improve the actual state-of-the-art methods for non-invasive temperature estimation (NITE). Herein, B-Mode images were collected from a tissue mimic phantom heated in a water bath. Entropy was extracted from image Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, and then assessed for non-invasive temperature estimation. During the heating period, the average temperature varies from 27 ∘C to 44 ∘C, and entropy values were capable of identifying variations of 2.0 ∘C. Besides, it was possible to quantify variations in the range from normal human body temperature (37 ∘C) to critical values, as 41 ∘C. Results are promising and encourage us to study the uncertainty associated to the experiment trying to improve the parameter sensibility.
Apoptotic bodies in a murine model of alcoholic liver disease: Reversibility of ethanol‐induced changes (1993)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol exposure on the location and number of apoptotic bodies in murine liver. Livers from 21 control mice were compared with those of 41 animals exposed to ethanol vapour by inhalation for up to 23 days. In the control livers, apoptotic bodies were identified in association with 36 per cent of the terminal hepatic venules examined and 88 per cent of these bodies were located in the first two rows of perivenular hepatocytes. By comparison, in the ethanol-exposed group, apoptotic bodies were observed in association with 72 per cent of the terminal hepatic venules examined and more were found further from them. This increase in the number of apoptotic bodies was shown to depend on the duration of ethanol exposure and, furthermore, the effects of ethanol were shown to be completely reversed by a period of abstinence. These results indicate that ethanol exposure has time-dependent, reversible effects on both the location and the number of apoptotic bodies in murine liver. This extends knowledge gained from previous work on rat livers.
Structural and biochemical characterization of two heme binding sites on α1-microglobulin using site directed mutagenesis and molecular simulation Proteins and proteomics (2016)

α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenger involved in physiological protection against oxidative damage. These functions were previously shown to be dependent upon cysteinyl-, C34, and lysyl side-chains, K(92, 118,130). A1M binds heme and the crystal structure suggests that C34 and H123 participate in a heme binding site. We have investigated the involvement of these five residues in the interactions with heme.Four A1M-variants were expressed: with cysteine to serine substitution in position 34, lysine to threonine substitutions in positions (92, 118, 130), histidine to serine substitution in position 123 and a wt without mutations. Heme binding was investigated by tryptophan fluorescence quenching, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, SPR, electrophoretic migration shift, gel filtration, catalase-like activity and molecular simulation.All A1M-variants bound to heme. Mutations in C34, H123 or K(92, 118, 130) resulted in significant absorbance changes, CD spectral changes, and catalase-like activity, suggesting involvement of these side-groups in coordination of the heme-iron. Molecular simulation support a model with two heme-binding sites in A1M involving the mutated residues. Binding of the first heme induces allosteric stabilization of the structure predisposing for a better fit of the second heme.The results suggest that one heme-binding site is located in the lipocalin pocket and a second binding site between loops 1 and 4. Reactions with the hemes involve the side-groups of C34, K(92, 118, 130) and H123.The model provides a structural basis for the functional activities of A1M: heme binding activity of A1M.
Propose of the dynamic routing methods using available bandwidth and degree for congestion avoidance (2016)

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular routing protocol for the Internet services. OSPF causes network congestion if specific path becomes bottle neck links. However, OSPF can't avoid this congestion dynamically. In this paper, we propose the routing method using available bandwidth and degree. It is confirmed that the proposed method shows lower packet loss rate, shorter transmission time and higher throughput than those of OSPF.
Adenosine activates A2 receptors to inhibit neutrophil adhesion and injury to isolated cardiac myocytes (1995)

Inhibition of neutrophil-myocyte adhesion and adhesion-dependent myocyte injury by adenosine was evaluated using isolated TNF-alpha-activated canine cells. Adenosine inhibited adhesion of activated neutrophils to cardiac myocytes with an IC50 of 11 +/- 4 nM. Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion (92 +/-3% by 100 nM adenosine) led to inhibition of myocyte injury (by 90 +/- 6%, as assessed by dye exclusion). Inhibition of cell adhesion by adenosine was blocked by the A2 antagonist, 1,3-dimethyl-1-propylxanthine, but not by the A1 antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. Moreover, the A2 agonist, CGS21680 (2-[4-(2-carboxymethyl)phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine), but not the A1 agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine, mimicked adenosine in preventing cell adhesion. These observations implicate the A2 receptor in the mechanism of inhibition of cell adhesion. pretreatment and washing of neutrophils, but not cardiac myocytes, with adenosine or CGS21680 led to inhibition of adhesion, suggesting that the neutrophil A2 receptor is the target of adenosine's action. In contrast, inhibition of cell adhesion by adenosine was poteniated by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (IC50 = 4 +/- 1 nM) and attenuated by N6-cyclopentyladenosine, suggesting that occupancy of A1 receptors can conversely increase cell adhesion. Neutrophil-myocyte adhesion was inhibited by acadesine (IC50 = 12 +/- 2 microM) also via an adenosine-dependent mechanism because it was blocked by 1,3-dimethyl-1-propylxanthine or adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that degrades any adenosine that is formed. Acadesine-induced inhibition if cell adhesion (83 +/- 4% by 100 microM) resulted in inhibition of myocyte injury (by 76 +/- 6%). Other adenosine-regulating agents, including the acadesine analogue, GP531 (5-amino-1 beta-D-(5-benzylamino-5-deoxyribofuranosyl) imidazole-4-carboxamide), and inhibitors of adenosine transport and intracellular metabolism also inhibited cell adhesion. These results indicate that exogenous or endogenous adenosine can inhibit neutrophil-myocyte adhesion and injury in cells activated with TNF-alpha by an A2-mediated mechanism. Although the predominant activity of adenosine is to attenuate cell adhesion, stimulation of A1 receptors has the opposite effect, i.e., to augment adhesive interactions.
Cellular Responses to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide: T Cells Recognize LPS Determinants (1983)

An in vitro proliferative system was used to assess the capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a specific T-cell response in mice. Sensitized T cells were generated in vivo by subcutaneous inoculation with LPS. These T cells, which were purified on nylon wool columns, were stimulated to proliferate in vitro by LPS. Results of several lines of experimentation confirmed that the responding cells were T cells. Additional experiments indicated that sensitized T cells could distinguish between LPS and ovalbumin. Finally, it was found that genetic responsiveness to the biological effects of lipid A was required for full elicitation of LPS-induced T-cell proliferation. The data were interpreted to indicate that LPS interacted with, and stimulated, antigen-specific murine T cells.
25 Years of Digital Synthesizer Architecture Patents (1997)

While gathering material for a review chapter on digital audio architecture, the author decided to pursue the patent literature for the past 25 years. Starting from the Acoustical Society patent reviews, the author has examined a number of patents on the design of synthesizers. These patents will be reviewed and placed in their historical context together with the “conventional ” open literature. 1
Prenatal detection of fetal hemoglobin E gene from maternal plasma (2003)

In order to provide a noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of the hemoglobin E (Hb E) related disorder, we have evaluated the possibility of identifying the fetal beta(E)-globin gene in maternal plasma. The analysis was performed during 8 to 18 weeks of gestation using DNA extracted from 200 micro L of plasma from pregnant women whose husbands carried Hb E. The beta(E)-globin mutation in maternal plasma was detected by a nested PCR amplification followed by the Mnl I restriction analysis. The result was compared with that of routine analysis of the CVS specimens. Among the five pregnant women examined, the fetal beta(E)-globin gene was identified in maternal plasma in three of them and the result was completely concordant with the conventional CVS analysis. This simple noninvasive prenatal detection of the fetal beta(E)-globin gene should prove useful in a prevention and control program of Hb E/beta-thalassemia in countries where the beta(E)-globin gene is prevalent.
Comparison of diversity combining techniques for Rayleigh-fading channels (1996)

Several methods of diversity combining for a Rayleigh-faded channel are evaluated and compared. The methods considered are, for coherent reception, maximal ratio combining (MRC), selection combining (SC), and a generalization of SC, whereby the two (three) signals with the two (three) largest amplitudes are coherently combined. We will call this method second (third) order SC, and denote it SC2 (SC3). Similar techniques are also investigated for noncoherent reception, with equal gain combining (EGC) replacing MRC, and noncoherent versions of SC2 and SC3. Numerical results indicate that SC2 and SC3 significantly enhances the bit-error rate (BER) performance relative to that achievable with SC, and under certain conditions approaches the performance achieved by MRC or EGG. The performance enhancement of SC2 and SC3 is especially noticable for noncoherent reception, where EGC is seen to provide the best performance only for low BER values. In fact, when the BER is 10/sup -3/ or greater, SC2 and SC3 performed comparably to EGG, and in some cases performed better than EGC.
Pioglitazone Use in Combination with Insulin in the Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events Study (PROactive19) (2010)

Pioglitazone use in combination with insulin resulted in a sustained improved glycemic control and allowed the treatment regimens to be simplified and the insulin doses reduced.