gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-wide annotation (2002)

The Web has become a new information resource for the blind. However, Web accessibility is becoming worse, since page authors tend to care only for the visual appearance. We have developed an Accessibility Transcoding System to solve this problem. This system has the ability to transcode complete pages on annotated sites into totally accessible pages without changing the original pages. However, site-wide annotation authoring is an extremely tedious and time-consuming task. This prevented us from applying our transcoding system to a wide variety of sites. In order to overcome this difficulty, we developed a new algorithm, "Dynamic Annotation Matching". By utilizing this algorithm, our transcoding system can automatically determine appropriate annotations based on each page's layout. We also developed a site-wide annotation-authoring tool, "Site Pattern Analyzer." We evaluated the feasibility of creating site-wide annotations by using the algorithm and the tool, and report on our success here.
Power-Aware Video Decoding (2001)

Multimedia applications targeting battery-operated wearable devices must be power-aware to exploit the capabilities of variable voltage processors. This paper presents a feedback (FB) controller for video decoding that regulates the voltage for individual frames. The decoding complexity of (parts of) individual frames is estimated using a simple frame length- decoding time correlation obtained from statistics gathered on the target hardware (StrongARM processor). Experiments with a modified H.263 decoder show that the FB controller closely approaches ( 10%) the optimal case in which each frame is decoded at the minimal frequency/voltage. Furthermore, we observe that incorporating additional complexity information in the video stream will only be useful when the energy consumption of the (fixed) memory subsystem is significantly reduced. 1.
Fast Continuous Haar and Fourier Transforms of Rectilinear Polygons from VLSI Layouts (2010)

We develop the pruned continuous Haar transform and the fast continuous Fourier series, two fast and efficient algorithms for rectilinear polygons. Rectilinear polygons are used in VLSI processes to describe design and mask layouts of integrated circuits. The Fourier representation is at the heart of many of these processes and the Haar transform is expected to play a major role in techniques envisioned to speed up VLSI design. To ensure correct printing of the constantly shrinking transistors and simultaneously handle their increasingly large number, ever more computationally intensive techniques are needed. Therefore, efficient algorithms for the Haar and Fourier transforms are vital. We derive the complexity of both algorithms and compare it to that of discrete transforms traditionally used in VLSI. We find a significant reduction in complexity when the number of vertices of the polygons is small, as is the case in VLSI layouts. This analysis is completed by an implementation and a benchmark of the continuous algorithms and their discrete counterpart. We show that on tested VLSI layouts the pruned continuous Haar transform is 5 to 25 times faster, while the fast continuous Fourier series is 1.5 to 3 times faster.
The influence of 5'-secondary structures upon ribosome binding to mRNA during translation in yeast. (1993)

The influence of 5'-secondary structure formation and 5'-leader length upon mRNA translation in yeast has been analyzed using a closely related set of cat mRNAs (Vega Laso, M. R., Zhu, D., Sagliocco, F. A., Brown, A. J. P., Tuite, M. F., and McCarthy, J. E. G. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 6453-6462). A cat mRNA with a relatively short unstructured 5'-leader (22 bases) had a ribosome loading about half that of a cat mRNA with an unstructured 5'-leader of 77 bases. The introduction of 5'-secondary structures at various positions throughout the 5'-leader of the cat mRNA inhibited translation initiation, the degree of inhibition being largely dependent upon the thermodynamic stability of the structure. Each mRNA carrying a 5'-secondary structure had a biphasic polysome distribution, indicating that the mRNA molecules were distributed between untranslated and well translated subpopulations. This suggests that once 5'-secondary structures are unwound, they reform slowly relative to the rate of translation initiation in yeast. Untranslated mRNA accumulated in 43 S preinitiation complexes, even when there were only 5 bases between the 5'-cap and the base of the hairpin. The data are consistent with the scanning hypothesis (Kozak, M. (1989) J. Cell. Biol. 108, 229-241) and suggest that 40 S ribosomal subunits bind to mRNA early in the scanning process, probably before mRNA unwinding has taken place.
Differences in adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mucin glycopeptides from sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis (1989)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prominent colonizer of the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis, but it is not known why this occurs. P. aeruginosa adheres to mucins from normal individuals, but mucins from cystic fibrosis patients have not been studied. To compare adhesion to mucins from cystic fibrosis with other mucins, we prepared highly glycosylated mucin glycopeptides from cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis patients by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography and measured the adhesion of P. aeruginosa 1244 to these glycopeptides. We found (i) that the most mucinlike glycopeptides from P. aeruginosa-infected cystic fibrosis sputa showed less bacterial adhesion than did the corresponding bronchitis samples, (ii) that the most adhesive activity in cystic fibrosis samples came from a fraction that contains O and N glycopeptides and may be in part a degradation product of P. aeruginosa infection, and (iii) that highly glycosylated glycopeptides of the most acidic species (sialylated and sulfated) showed no adhesion at all. A single cystic fibrosis sample not infected by P. aeruginosa showed better binding in the adhesion-positive fractions than did the infected sputa. These studies suggest that cystic fibrosis mucins may be altered after infection is established, resulting in less binding to some fragments. However, since the clinical picture shows heavy mucus colonization, other receptors, such as cellular glycolipids which have been shed into mucus, may be contributing to this colonization.
Measured transverse‐axis dosimetric parameters of the model STM1251 interstitial source (2002)

The recent popularity of permanent implants for treatment of prostate cancer has created a large demand for low energy seed sources. Vendors have introduced new source designs to meet this demand. The AAPM has recommended that all low energy interstitial brachytherapy seed sources be subjected to independent dosimetric evaluations, preferably using experimental measurements as well as Monte Carlo calculations. This work presents the results of Thermo-Luminescence Dosimeter (TLD) measurements of dosimetric parameters on the transverse axis of a new 125I seed source, the Source Tech Medical STM1251 125I seed. Experimental measurements were performed in a Solid Water phantom, with the results corrected to values for liquid water using Monte Carlo calculated correction factors. The parameters measured include the dose rate constant and values of the radial dose function at distances of 0.5 cm through 5 cm. The measured dose rate constant in liquid water for the STM1251 125I seed was 1.039 cGy/U-hr. Measured radial dose function values agreed with Monte Carlo calculated ones to within 10%. These measurements therefore confirm the modeling and simulation of Monte Carlo calculations for this 125I source design, within the statistical uncertainties of the calculation and measurement techniques.
p21--Negative Regulator of the Cell Cycle (1996)

Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1, SDI1, and MDA-6) can induce G1 arrest and block entry into S phase by inactivating Cdks or by inhibiting activity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In normal cells, p21 exists in quaternary complexes with cyclin, Cdk, and PCNA. Transcription of the p21 gene is activated by p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Mice deficient in p21 exhibit no apparent phenotype, although p21 function has been demonstrated to be necessary for p53-mediated G1 arrest following irradiation of p21-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Thus, the function of p21 under normal circumstances appears to be redundant. p21 is expressed in terminally differentiating cells of a variety of tissues in a p53-independent manner. Overexpression of p21 results in G1 arrest and has been shown to suppress effectively tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. We review the recent literature describing the functional characterization of p21. This protein plays a key role in regulating the cell cycle and may have potential gene therapy applications.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a PNA·DNA·PNA Triple Helix in Aqueous Solution <i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>1998</b>, <i>120</i>, 5895−5904 (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionMolecular Dynamics Simulation of a PNA·DNA·PNA Triple Helix in Aqueous Solution J. Am. Chem. Soc.1998, 120, 5895−5904George C. Shields, Charles A. Laughton, and Modesto OrozcoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7, 1625Publication Date (Web):February 3, 1999Publication History Published online3 February 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja985540zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja985540zcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (15 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of timing verification in layout synthesis (1991)

This tutorial presents an overview of timing verification techniques which are used in the synthesis of IC layout. Issues which are covered include: delay estimation, transistor sizing, timing-driven placement and routing, circuit extraction, timing analysis and timing simulation. The role of each of these analysis techniques in the design flow is presented and numerous examples of associated CAD tools are described.
Performance Improvement of the GaSb Thermophotovoltaic Cells With n-Type Emitters (2015)

GaSb cells are commonly fabricated using Zn diffusion into n-GaSb, and in this paper they have been designed inversely using Te diffusion into unintentionally p-doped GaSb. Numerical simulation is used to analyze the cell performance. We found that a GaSb cell with n-type emitters showed a significantly higher output power density compared with that of the cell with p-type emitters under 1500 K-blackbody radiation. The performance improvement is owing to the good matching of the diffusion length of minority carriers with the depth of their moving regions. Several parameters that affect the cell performance were analyzed, such as doping depth, substrate thickness, and surface recombination velocity. The cell performance was evaluated under low temperature radiations and found to have huge potentials for the use in low-temperature thermophotovoltaic systems.
Motion and force control of robot manipulators (1986)

In this paper we present a unified approach for the control of manipulator motions and active forces based on the operational space formulation. The end-effector dynamic model is used in the development of a control system in which the generalized operational space end-effector forces are selected as the command vector. This formulation provides a framework for natural and efficient integration of both end-effector force and motion control. A "generalized position and force specification matrix" is used for the specification of tasks that involve simultaneous motion and force operations. Flexibility in the force sensor, end-effector, and environment, and problems related to impact are discussed. The real-time operational space control system, COSMOS, has been recently implemented in the NYMPH multiprocessor system. Results of experiments involving contact and force step input response are presented.
Aircraft geometric height computation using secondary surveillance radar range differences (1994)

A new system for accurate geometric height measurement based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment is presented. The system includes an interrogator and receiver station, and three receiving-only stations. The aircraft responds to interrogations, and the time differences of signal arrival (TDOA) at the four receiving stations are used to estimate the vertical position of the aircraft. The use of time differences eliminates the biases caused by the systematic errors in the aircraft SSR transponder delay.
Insomnia in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury (2006)

Insomnia is a prevalent condition after TBI requiring more clinical and scientific attention as it may have important repercussions on rehabilitation.
Evaluation of the Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Effects of Six Major Cannabinoids Isolated from Cannabis sativa (2011)

Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyse the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins are important mediators in the inflammatory process and their production can be reduced by COX-inhibitors. Endocannabinoids, endogenous analogues of the plant derived cannabinoids, occur normally in the human body. The Endocannabinoids are structurally similar to arachidonic acid and have been suggested to interfere with the inflammatory process. They have also been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids have been observed, however the mode of action is not yet clarified. Anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., inhibition of COX-2) is proposed to play an important role in the development of colon cancer, which makes this subject interesting to study further. In the present work, the six cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ⁹-THC-A), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), isolated from Cannabis sativa, were evaluated for their effects on prostaglandin production. For this purpose an in vitro enzyme based COX-1/COX-2 inhibition assay and a cell based prostaglandin production radioimmunoassay were used. Cannabinoids inhibited cyclooxygenase enzyme activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.7·10⁻³ to 2.0·10⁻⁴ M.
Comparison Of Modeling And Experimental Results In Contrast Enhancement Lithography (1988)

Characterizing the effects of the many variables that are a part of photolithography is not an easy task. As more sophisticated patterning techniques, such as contrast enhancement lithography (CEL), are introduced the number of variables increases. Two tools are commonly used to deal with the complex task of understanding the interrelationships of these many variables: experimentation and computer simulation. While experimentation, and in particular statistically designed experiments, can give a great deal of insight into a particular system, it is often difficult to extrapolate trends outside of the experimental conditions (e.g., to other lithographic systems). Computer modeling, on the other hand, is rather poor at predicting exact outcomes of specific conditions, but is at its best when predicting trends which may exist over a broad or narrow range of conditions. There exists, however, an uncertainty as to how accurately the model reflects conditions of the real world.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Polyols : Au-delà de la saveur sucrée (1998)

A l'origine, les polyols etaient utilises en tant qu'edulcorants massiques non cariogenes. Leur saveur sucree est toujours recherchee, mais ils sont aussi couramnent employes pour leur effet rafraichissant et leurs proprietes fonctionnelles.
Atomic Force Microscope Observation of the Change in Shape and Subsequent Disappearance of “Crystal-Originated Particles” after Hydrogen-Atmosphere Thermal Annealing (1998)

The change in shape and the disappearance of “crystal-originated particles (COPs)” on silicon (111) and (001) surfaces after high-temperature annealing in hydrogen (H 2 ) atmosphere were observed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). It was found that after a very short anneal at 1000°C in H 2 atmosphere, the COP width across the wafer surface increases and its depth into the wafer bulk becomes more shallow. Also, as the H 2 annealing temperature increases, the time taken for complete COP disappearance decreased. The process of the change in shape and the subsequent disappearance of COPs on silicon (111) and (001) surfaces after H 2 annealing was characterized and discussed in terms of the etching effect and reconstruction of silicon atoms.
The Route Availability Planning Tool (RAPT): Evaluation of Departure Management Decision Support in New York during the 2008 Convective Weather Season* (2009)

Severe weather avoidance programs (SWAP) due to convective weather are common in many of the busiest terminal areas in the US National Airspace System (NAS). In order to make efficient use of available airspace in rapidly evolving convective weather, it is necessary to predict the impacts of the weather on key resources (e.g., departure and arrival routes and fixes), with frequent updates as the weather changes. Currently, this prediction is a mental process that imposes a significant cognitive burden on air traffic managers. As a result, air traffic management in SWAP is often inconsistent and decisions result in less than optimal performance. The Route Availability Planning Tool (RAPT) is a prototype automated decision support tool, intended to help air traffic managers in convective weather SWAP, by predicting the impacts of convective weather on departure routes. Originally deployed in New York in August, 2002, RAPT has recently undergone two field evaluations (2007 and 2008) in order to test and refine its concept of operations, evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of its guidance, and estimate observed and potential delay reduction benefits that may be achieved as a result of its use. This paper presents the results of the 2008 performance evaluation, including the concept of operations, quality of decision support guidance, and analysis of delay reduction benefits and the operational decision making environment in which RAPT is deployed.
Modeling light shifts in optical lattice clocks (2019)

A model for the unavoidable lattice-induced light shifts of the clock frequency in optical lattice clocks is presented that is applicable to a wide range of operating conditions. Application of the model to existing ytterbium clocks brings the corresponding frequency uncertainties down into the 10${}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ regime.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MUCOADHESIVE MATRIX TABLETS: ASSESSMENT OF MYRRH OLEO GUM RESIN AS A NATURAL PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENT (2011)

Mucoadhesive polymer owing to its binding capacity with gastric mucin prolongs the gastric residence time and thereby increased drug bioavailability. In the present study, oral controlled release mucoadhesive matrix tablets have been developed for domperidone as model drug using natural mucoadhesive material myrrh oleo gum resin (MOGR).The tablets were formulated with the natural polymer in different concentration (5, 10, 15 and 20 % w/w) employing direct compression technology. The prepared batches were evaluated for tablet parametric test (drug assay, diameter, thickness, hardness and tensile strength), swelling index, mucoadhesive strength (using texture analyser) and in vitro drug release studies. Accelerated stability studies were also conducted on all the prepared batches. The tensile strength increases from 0.973±0.09 to 1.687±0.11 MN/m2 and mucoadhesive strength from19.868 to 49.778 N with the increase in natural polymer concentration from 5 to 20 % (M1 to M4). Swelling index of natural polymer was testified towards proliferation by together increasing gum concentration and the time period. The release kinetic and mechanism of release were calculated by fitting in vitro release data in various models demonstrating that release follows zero order and Hixson Crowell cube root law. The release exponent (n) ranges in between 0.5889 to 0.7389 indicating multiple release mechanisms possibly the combination of diffusion and erosion. Accelerated stability studies demonstrate no significant change in the tensile strength, mucoadhesive strength and drug assay. These research outcomes clearly specify the potential of MOGR to be used as binder, release retardant and mucoadhesive natural material in tablet formulations.
Block copolymer micelles conjugated with anti‐EGFR antibody for targeted delivery of anticancer drug (2008)

Abstract Antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody (anti‐EGFR antibody) was conjugated with the block copolymer micelle based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) for active targeting to EGFR overexpressing cancer cells. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in the core of the block copolymer (MePEG‐ b ‐PCL) micelle (DOX‐micelle). The mean diameters of the DOX‐micelle and the anti‐EGFR‐PEG‐ b ‐PCL copolymer micelles loaded with DOX (DOX‐anti‐EGFR‐micelle) were about 25 and 31 nm, respectively. The RKO human colorectal cancer cells expressing moderate degree of EGFR were incubated with free DOX, DOX‐micelle, or DOX‐anti‐EGFR‐micelle to study the distribution of DOX in the cells. When cells were incubated with free DOX, moderate degree of DOX fluorescence was observed in the nuclei. In the cells treated with DOX‐micelle, the DOX fluorescence intensity in the cytoplasm was much greater than that in the nuclei. On the other hand, the nuclei of the cells treated with DOX‐anti‐EGFR‐micelle exhibited DOX fluorescence intensity similar to that in the cytoplasm. The cytotoxicity of DOX‐anti‐EGFR‐micelle to induce apoptosis in RKO cells was significantly greater than that of free DOX or DOX‐micelle. These results demonstrated that the presence of anti‐EGFR antibody on the DOX‐micelle surface (DOX‐anti‐EGFR‐micelle) increased the internalization of the DOX‐micelle and nuclear accumulation of DOX, and enhanced the DOX‐induced cell death. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7321–7331, 2008