gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigF is part of a gene cluster with similarities to the Bacillus subtilis sigF and sigB operons (1997)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) SigF alternate sigma factor has been shown to have significant homology to the Bacillus subtilis (BSU) stress-response sigma factor, SigB, as well as to the BSU developmental sigma factor, SigF. In this study we report that like both the BSU sigB and sigF genes, MTB sigF is preceded by an open reading frame (usfX) encoding a protein with significant homology to the previously described BSU anti-sigma factors, RsbW and SpollAB. Sequence analysis suggests that the usfX and sigF genes appear to be cotranscribed and translationally coupled. A second open reading frame called usfY precedes usfX, but has no significant homologues and may not be contranscribed with the usfX and sigF. The sigF gene has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and used to raise polyclonal antibodies. Immunoblotting demonstrates that MTB SigF is antigenically closer to BSU SigB than to BSU SigF. Fusion of the MTB sigF gene to the MTB hsp60 promoter has demonstrated that inappropriate overexpression of sigF is lethal for the slow-grower Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), but not for the rapid-grower Mycobacterium smegmatis which lacks a sigF homologue. Hence, sigF, encoding an MTB stress response, stationary phase transcription factor, is preceded by an antisigma factor homologue and is incompatible with growth when constitutively overexpressed in BCG.
Studies on the cellular location, physical properties and endogenously attached lipids of acylated proteins in human squamous-carcinoma cell lines (1987)

The location of cell proteins with covalently attached lipid was examined in two human squamous-carcinoma cell lines. Cells were labelled with either palmitic acid or myristic acid and disrupted by sonication, followed by differential centrifugation of the cell lysates. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the resulting cell fractions indicated that most of the palmitate-labelled proteins were found in cell membranes, whereas most of the myristate-labelled proteins were found in the cytosol, although some were located in cell membranes. Experiments with lipid-labelled proteins extracted with the phase-separable detergent Triton X-114 showed that palmitate-labelled proteins behaved as hydrophobic proteins, partitioning into the lower phase of the detergent, whereas most of the myristate-labelled proteins remained in the upper phase. Although one of these cell lines expressed large amounts of epidermal-growth-factor receptor, this could not be labelled by either myristic acid or palmitic acid, whereas transferrin receptor was labelled by palmitic acid. The lipids normally attached to cell proteins in these two human squamous-carcinoma cell lines were characterized by labelling the cells with [3H]acetate. The labelled cell proteins were exhaustively extracted with organic solvents, and subjected to sequential alkaline and acid hydrolyses to release the attached lipids, which were then analysed by h.p.l.c. Most of the lipid released by the alkaline treatment chromatographed as palmitic acid or stearic acid, whereas the subsequent acid treatment released myristic acid as well as some palmitic acid and stearic acid. No other fatty acids apart from these were found attached to cell proteins.
The value of retail rents with regression models: a case study of Shanghai (2011)

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the determinants of the retail space rent in Shanghai. Design/methodology/approach – Hedonic model and spatial regression models are used in the paper. The problem of spatial autocorrelation is tested by Moran's I statistics, and the root mean square error (RMSE) test is performed to find out the best model. Findings – The significant explaining variables are the age, the area of retail space, the distance to the Jing An CBD centre, the type of the retail and the district of the property. A new classification of district in retail research context is suggested in this paper, and it is proved to be better than the districts set up by government to explain the retail rent variation. Originality/value – This paper presents the first empirical study about the retail rental market in Shanghai. The research helps retail property investors and retail tenants deepen their understanding of the retail market in Shanghai. Spatial econometrics techniques are first introduced into the empirical retail rent research to produce a more precise estimation.
Effects of Population Size, Mating System, and Evolutionary Origin on Genetic Diversity in <i>Spiranthes sinensis</i> and <i>S. hongkongensis</i> (1996)

Hong Kong once supported more than 109 species of wild orchids, of which approximately 30% were endemic. Most of the local wild orchids have now become rare or endangered. I conducted a comparative study of genetic diversity in two closely related terrestrial orchids, an allotetraploid, Spiranthes hongkongensis , and its diploid progenitor, S. sinensis , to assess the effects of the population bottleneck associated with the origin of the polyploid and to investigate the relationships between number of breeding individuals, mating system, and level of isozyme variation in their populations. Nearly complete genetic uniformity was observed both within and among populations of S. hongkongensis . In contrast, S. sinensis had high levels of genetic variation for all of the genetic parameters examined. Regression analysis of population size and several components of genetic diversity in S. sinensis revealed that, among various measures of within‐population variation, the proportion of polymorphic loci ( P ) and average number of alleles per locus ( A ) or per polymorphic locus ( A p ) were the most sensitive to population size ( R 2 = 0.942, p = 0.001; R 2 = 0.932, p = 0.002; and R 2 = 0.923, p = 0.002 respectively). The highly negative correlation ( r = −0.999, p < 0.01) between population size and the mean frequency of private alleles in pairwise population comparisons, p (1), indicated that population size may also be used to predict the extent of population differentiation caused by random genetic drift. Conservation of genetic diversity in S. sinensis could be maximized by protecting several of both large and small populations, whereas fewer populations may be needed to achieve this goal for S. hongkongensis.
Music recommendation via heterogeneous information graph embedding (2017)

Traditional music recommendation techniques suffer from limited performance due to the sparsity of user-music interaction data, which is addressed by incorporating auxiliary information. In this paper, we study the problem of personalized music recommendation that takes different kinds of auxiliary information into consideration. To achieve this goal, a Heterogeneous Information Graph (HIG) is first constructed to encode different kinds of heterogeneous information, including the interactions between users and music pieces, music playing sequences, and the metadata of music pieces. Based on HIG, a Heterogeneous Information Graph Embedding method (HIGE) is proposed to learn the latent low-dimensional representations of music pieces. Then, we further develop a context-aware music recommendation method. Extensive experiments have been conducted on real-world datasets to compare the proposed method with other state-of-the-art recommendation methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms those baselines, especially on sparse datasets.
[Effect of Rheum officinal on the proliferation of renal tubular cells in vitro]. (1993)

Rat renal tubules were isolated and grown in culture medium. The effects of rheum officinal (RO) on the proliferation of renal tubular cells were investigated. In culture, the addition of the sera obtained from the rat fed with RO inhibited significantly the proliferation of renal tubular cells, and the effect become even more strong with the increase of the dosage or the long time of administration of RO to the rat. The ingredient RO--emodin added directly to culture medium suppressed the proliferation of renal tubular cells in a dose dependent manner, as measured by the uptake of radiolabeled thymidine. This observation may help explain the beneficial effects of RO in the treatment of chronic renal failure.
Aerobic oxidative N-dealkylation of secondary amines in aqueous solution catalyzed by rhodium porphyrins (2014)

N-dealkylation demonstrates an important biochemical oxidation reaction by cytochrome P450 and other monooxygenases. In this article, catalytic oxidative N-dealkylation of secondary amines was achieved using rhodium(III) tetra (p-sulfonato-phenyl) porphyrin (( TSPP ) Rh III ) in aqueous solution with oxygen as the sole oxidant. Addition of benzaldehyde to trap primary amine product inhibited catalyst deactivation and dramatically increased reaction turnover numbers (TONs). Substrate scope examination suggested the reaction was performed with a preference for bulkier secondary amines. Kinetic study exhibited first-order kinetics with regard of ( TSPP ) Rh III catalyst. Results from the Hammett study gave a ρ value of -1.38, suggesting formation of an iminium ion intermediate in the rate determining step.
The role of pepsin in acid injury to esophageal epithelium (2001)

These studies suggest that acidified pepsin plays a key role in the development of reflux esophagitis by producing an early irreversible lesion that results in an increase in paracellular permeability, which indirect evidence suggests is due to damage to the junctional complex. The irreversibility of the increase in paracellular permeability is likely to aid conversion of nonerosive to erosive damage to the epithelium by permitting luminal acid greater access to the basolateral membrane of esophageal epithelial cells, which is known to be acid permeable.
Filamentous green algae additions to isocyanate based foams (2004)

Abstract Filamentous green algae, Cladophora glomerata, obtained from rivers and streams in California was used as a filler in isocyanate‐based foams. Up to 40 wt % dried and chopped algal fibers were added to the isocyanate–polyol mix. The algal fibers and foam samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The effective hydroxyl number of the algae and the tensile and compressive properties of the composite foam were measured. The results indicate that foams with a uniform cell size were obtained for algal fiber lengths between 500 and 600 μm. Peak mechanical properties were obtained for algae concentrations between 5 and 10 wt %. The elastic modulus of the foam follows a power law relationship with density, with an exponent of 1.6. The overall hydroxyl number for the algae is around 300. The hydroxyl groups in the algae can serve as efficient sites for reactions with isocyanate and hence algae fibers can act as reinforcing fillers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2469–2477, 2004
Anonymising and sharing individual patient data (2015)

There is a strong movement to share individual patient data for secondary purposes, particularly for research. A major obstacle to broad data sharing has been the concern for patient privacy. One of the methods for protecting the privacy of patients in accordance with privacy laws and regulations is to anonymise the data before it is shared. This article describes the key concepts and principles for anonymising health data while ensuring it remains suitable for meaningful analysis.
Decline in the CD4 <sup>+</sup> Lymphocyte Population in the Blood of SIV-Infected Macaques Is Not Reflected in Lymph Nodes (1993)

Although loss of CD4+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood is a standard criterion for evaluating the course of HIV disease, little is known about changes within lymphoid organs, which contain the bulk (> 50%) of the body's lymphocytes. Because such studies are feasible only by using non-human primates, we have examined lymph nodes (LNs), spleen, and blood from monkeys infected with two isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). During both the acute and chronic phases of these infections, characteristic reductions in the blood CD4+ cell levels are not reflected in LN, where the CD4+ pool remains within normal levels. However, when circulating CD4/CD8 ratios have consistently fallen to approximately 0.5, striking decreases in the percentage of CD4 cells (CD4%) and CD4/CD8 ratios in LN occur concomitantly with dramatic increases in viral antigen expression on follicular dendritic cells within LN germinal centers (GCs). The data suggest that loss from the total T cell pool in minimal until the final stages of SIV and HIV disease and that the immunological deterioration of LN is the event that precipitates the increased susceptibility to infections and progression to AIDS.
Real‐time mud gas logging and sampling during drilling (2006)

Abstract Continuous mud gas loggings during drilling as well as offline mud gas sampling are standard procedures in oil and gas operations, where they are used to test reservoir rocks for hydrocarbons while drilling. Our research group has developed real‐time mud gas monitoring techniques for scientific drilling in non‐hydrocarbon formations mainly to sample and study the composition of crustal gases. We describe in detail this technique and provide examples for the evaluation of the continuous gas logs, which are not always easy to interpret. Hydrocarbons, helium, radon and with limitations carbon dioxide and hydrogen are the most suitable gases for the detection of fluid‐bearing horizons, shear zones, open fractures, sections of enhanced permeability and permafrost methane hydrate occurrences. Off‐site isotope studies on mud gas samples helped reveal the origin and evolution of deep‐seated crustal fluids.
Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Cells-Derived Factors Skew T Cell Polarization Toward Treg and Downregulate Th1 and Th17 Cells Subsets (2014)

We previously demonstrated that cells derived from the mesenchymal layer of the human amniotic membrane (hAMSC) and their conditioned medium (CM-hAMSC) modulate lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in immune regulation exerted by hAMSC, we analyzed the effects of CM-hAMSC on T-cell polarization towards Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory (Treg) subsets. We show that CM-hAMSC equally suppresses the proliferation of both CD4(+) T-helper (Th) and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Moreover, we prove that the CM-hAMSC inhibitory ability affects both central (CD45RO(+)CD62L(+)) and effector memory (CD45RO(+)CD62L(-)) subsets. We evaluated the phenotype of CD4(+) cells in the MLR setting and showed that CM-hAMSC significantly reduced the expression of markers associated to the Th1 (T-bet(+)CD119(+)) and Th17 (RORγt(+)CD161(+)) populations, while having no effect on the Th2 population (GATA3(+)CD193(+)/GATA3(+)CD294(+)cells). T-cell subset modulation was substantiated through the analysis of cytokine release for 6 days during co-culture with alloreactive T-cells, whereby we observed a decrease in specific subset-related cytokines, such as a decrease in pro-inflammatory, Th1-related (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β), Th2 (IL-5, IL-6), Th9 (IL-9), and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-22). Furthermore, CM-hAMSC significantly induced the Treg compartment, as shown by an induction of proliferating CD4(+)FoxP3(+) cells, and an increase of CD25(+)FoxP3(+) and CD39(+)FoxP3(+) Treg in the CD4(+) population. Induction of Treg cells was corroborated by the increased secretion of TGF-β. Taken together, these data strengthen the findings regarding the immunomodulatory properties of CM-hAMSC derived from human amniotic membrane MSC, and in particular provide insights into their effect on regulation of T cell polarization.
ON THE REACTION BETWEEN SULFUR AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. (1913)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTON THE REACTION BETWEEN SULFUR AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION.Herman V. TartarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1913, 35, 11, 1741–1747Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1913Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1913https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02200a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02200a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regional Variations of Monthly Rainfall Amounts in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1993)

ظهور التشتت والعشوائية للتغير المكاني والزماني لشدة الأمطار في المناطق الجافة مثل المملكة العربية السعودية يتطلب بعض التغيرات المفصلة لقيم الأمطار والتي غالبا ما تكون شرط أساسي لعدة أنشطة مختلفة مثال ذلك التخطيط الزراعي ، إدارة مصادر المياه ، ومعرفة كميات التغذية للمتكونات المائية الموجودة . وفي الدراسة الحالية تم استخدام 29 محطة لقياس الأمطار وكانت البيانات المسجلة لهذه المحطات تزيد عن 15سنة في صورة أمطار شهرية. ويمكننا الكشف على التغيرات المكانية والزمانية لقيم الأمطار بوساطة استخدام وسائل تقويم وقبل الخوض في هذا فهنالك بعض الأسس الإحصائية مثل المتوسط الحسابي ، الانحراف المعياري ، التفرطح والالتواء تكون غالبا مطلوبة لكي يتم التعرف على الأشكال الطبيعية للتغير الزماني لقيم الأمطار . وعمل المدرج التكراري للمطر لكل محطة يمكن أن يزود ويضيف بعض المعلومات لهذه النماذج والأشكال التي تم التعرف عليها إضافة إلى ذلك توقيع التفرطح مع الالتواء يمكن أن يعطي فكرة بالأساسيات لعمليات ثبات القرار المعمول على تلك الأشكال المميزة من ناحية أخرى عملت أشكال التغير المكاني لقيم الأمطار الشهرية معتمدة أساسا على قيم الانحراف المعياري والمتوسط الحسابي بطريقة كريكنج للمملكة العربية السعودية ويقترح هنا تطبيق الخطوات المتبعة لهذه الأشكال في أي مكان في العالم إضافة إلى ذلك فإن هذه الوسائل تعتبر من المتطلبات الأولية لوضع نموذج إقليمي أو نموذج للتغير الزماني للأمطار .
Nanometer-scale magnetic MnAs particles in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1996)

Spherical MnAs ferromagnetic particles with controllable diameters (5–30 nm) are embedded in a high quality GaAs matrix. The particles are formed in a two step process consisting of the epitaxy of a homogeneous Ga1−xMnxAs layer at low temperatures using molecular beam epitaxy followed by phase separation upon annealing. During the annealing step, the excess arsenic in the as-grown film forms magnetic MnAs precipitates with the Mn from the Ga1−xMnxAs lattice. Structural and room-temperature magnetic properties of the heterogeneous GaAs:MnAs films are described. The magnetic MnAs rich layers can be incorporated into semiconductor heterostructures as demonstrated by growing (GaAs/AlAs) multiple quantum well structures in combination with GaAs:MnAs layers.
Molecular design by cycloaddition reactions. XXV. High peri- and regiospecificity of phencyclone (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular design by cycloaddition reactions. XXV. High peri- and regiospecificity of phencycloneTadashi Sasaki, Ken Kanematsu, and Kinji IizukaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 7, 1105–1112Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00869a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00869a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab versus brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a United States payer perspective (2018)

Pembrolizumab is a cost-effective alternative to BV for patients with relapsed/refractory cHL after ASCT.
Stacking due to ionic transport number mismatch during sample sweeping on microchips (2005)

Sample stacking can occur in isoconductive buffer systems as a result of ion transport mismatches that cause changes in buffer conductivity during electrophoresis. Fluorescence imaging was used to examine this effect in the sweeping of hydrophobic dyes with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on microchips. Imaging revealed the occurrence of a stacking effect in a sodium borate buffer system in which the sample buffer and SDS-containing run buffer had the same initial conductivity. Injected sample plugs were first swept by SDS micelles and the swept band was then stacked at the trailing end of the sample zone. This effect is due to changes in conductivity at both the front and back interfaces of the injected sample plug and can be modeled by moving boundary equations. Maximum signal enhancements of 86-, 160- and 560-fold were obtained for Rhodamine 560, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G, respectively, by the combination of sweeping and stacking within a 1 cm section of microchannel. Based on sample sweeping/stacking and manipulation of the electric field polarity, a method of trapping and concentrating analyte from multiple injections was also demonstrated.
Phase Stability and Physical Properties of Cubic and Tetragonal ZrO <sub>2</sub> in the System ZrO <sub>2</sub> –Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –Ta <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> (1991)

The cubic ( c ‐ZrO 2 ) and tetragonal zirconia ( t ‐ZrO 2 ) phase stability regions in the system ZrO 2 –Y 2 O 3 –Ta 2 O 5 were delineated. The c ‐ZrO 2 solid solutions are formed with the fluorite structure. The t ‐ZrO 2 solid solutions having a c/a axial ratio (tetragonality) smaller than 1.0203 display high fracture toughness (5 to 14 MPa · m 1/2 ), and their instability/transformability to monoclinic zirconia ( m ‐ZrO 2 ) increases with increasing tetragonality. On the other hand, the t ‐ZrO 2 solid solutions stabilized at room temperature with tetragonality greater than 1.0203 have low toughness values (2 to 5 MPa · m 1/2 ), and their transformability is not related to the tetragonality.