gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic mechanism of D-amino acid oxidases from Rhodotorula gracilis and Trigonopsis variabilis (1993)

The reaction of two D-amino acid oxidases from the yeasts Rhodotorula gracilis and Trigonopsis variabilis with the substrates alanine and valine in their 2-1H and 2-2H forms was studied employing the stopped-flow spectrophotometric technique. The turnover numbers at infinite substrate and oxygen concentrations were: 20,700/4,250 and 1,730/360 ([2-1H]/[2-2H]alanine and valine, respectively) for the Rhodotorula and 3,150/440 and 2,500/520 ([2-1H]/[2-2H]alanine and valine, respectively) for the Trigonopsis enzymes. The rates of anaerobic enzyme flavin reduction were 20,100/4,000 and 1,820/350 ([2-1H]/[2-2H]alanine and valine, respectively) for the Rhodotorula and 3,470/350 and 2,460/480 ([2-1H]/[2-2H]alanine and valine, respectively) for the Trigonopsis enzymes. The isotope effects on enzyme reduction were 5.0 and 5.2 for Rhodotorula and 9.9 and 5.1 for Trigonopsis D-amino acid oxidases with alanine and valine, respectively. This suggests that the intrinsic isotope effect on rupture of the substrate alpha-C-H bond can be as high as 10. The rate-determining step corresponds to the enzyme reductive half-reaction in contrast to the mammalian kidney enzyme where it is the product release from oxidized enzyme (Massey, V., and Gibson, Q.H. (1964) Fed. Proc. 23, 18-29). Upon anaerobic reaction with substrate, the yeast enzymes do not form the transient long wavelength absorbing species which are characteristic of the mammalian protein. This is due only in part to rapid dissociation of iminoacid product and is ascribed to intrinsic differences between the charge-transfer complexes of reduced enzyme flavin and product of the yeast as compared to the mammalian enzyme. With the Trigonopsis enzyme the flavin radical anion appears to be strongly stabilized and can be produced quantitatively.
[Applications of tumor markers to the screening of endometrial and ovarian cancers]. (1996)

Several new trials, using tumor markers in the screening for gynecological malignancies, have been conducted. For assisting the cytological diagnosis of uterine endometrial cancers, the new EIA method using cytological specimens and the monoclonal antibody against endometrial cancer cells, MSN-1, was developed. This method could help to discriminate between cancer and normal cells, so this would result in decrease the numbers of suspicious cases on cytological diagnosis. For ovarian cancers, especially to identify high-risk groups, two carbohydrate-related antigens, CA602 and CA546, were employed. The combined use of these two markers showed a high potentiality to detect ovarian cancers. GAT (galactosyltransferase associated with tumor), an isoform of galactosyltransferase, could rescue the false-positive cases with endometriotic cysts. These new methods with tumor markers are supposed to be handy tools in the screening for gynecological malignancies.
Platelet Activation in the Lung after Antigen Challenge in a Model of Allergic Asthma (1992)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether platelets are activated and release their products in the human lung after antigen challenge. Using subsegmental antigen challenge as a model of asthma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from ragweed-allergic asthmatic subjects were assayed for the alpha granule products, platelet factor 4 (PF4) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), prior to challenge (baseline) and at 5 min and 19 h after challenge with ragweed antigen. Airway segments challenged with normal saline were used as controls. Five minutes after antigen challenge, levels of platelet products in BAL fluid were not elevated from baseline or normal saline control levels. However, 19 h after antigen challenge, a 10-fold increase in platelet products in BAL fluids was found. The mean PF4 levels increased from baseline and saline control values of less than 1.0 to 7.2 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) 19 h after antigen challenge. beta-TG increased from baseline and control levels of less than 1.0 to 6.6 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). Elevations in PF4 and beta-TG were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.98, p less than 0.0001). Levels of platelet products during the 19-h response correlated with albumin, with kinins, with the prostaglandins 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha, and with the eosinophil-derived proteins, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil peroxidase. We conclude that platelet activation in the lung is a feature of the late inflammatory response to antigen challenge and that platelets may play an important role in allergic inflammation and asthma.
The punchthrough device as a passive exponential load in fast static bipolar RAM cells (1979)

It is shown that the punchthrough device can be used as a passive exponential load in fast static bipolar RAM cells. The advantages are that the cell standby/read current ratio can be very large (> four decades), and that the cell area can be very small due to the fact that the punchthrough load is a vertical device. In this cell, a very small standby power dissipation(<0.1 /spl mu/W) is combined with a short access time (<10 ns). A static noise margin calculation for the cell is included. The general standby/read switching behaviour of memory cells with exponential loads is explained. The cell sensitivity to /spl alpha/-particles is discussed.
Efficient modulation of photoluminescence by hydrogen bonding interactions between inorganic [MnBr<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> anions and organic cations (2019)

The different hydrogen bond interactions in two organic-inorganic hybrid manganese halide compounds, namely [A]2[MnBr4] (A = N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium ([P14]+) for (1) and N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium ([PP14]+) for (2)), lead to distinct photoluminescence quantum yields (81% for 1; 55% for 2). Further applications of luminescent 1 are also developed.
Enhancing patient recovery following lower limb arthroplasty with a modern wound dressing: a prospective, comparative audit (2012)

There were no external sources of funding for this audit; however, one author (JC) received reimbursement of expenses to attend and present work at educational conferences from ConvaTec.
Automatic face-based image grouping for albuming (2004)

In this paper, a system for automatic albuming of consumer photographs is described, that uses face-based information extracted from images. The target image sets for this work are snapshots from family photo collections. The aim is to automatically provide the user with the option of selecting image groups based on the people present in them. The core components of age/gender classification and clustering based on facial similarity for this domain are discussed. Age and gender classification based on individual facial feature measurements combined to produce a single classifier using the AdaBoost algorithm. Face-based information is used both in locating suitable images and layout/design phases of the albuming process. Face-based information is combined with earlier work on event segmentation and layout design to provide a more effective system. Performance is tested on two family photo databases covering a 5 year time-span.
Quenched-In Defects in <i>p</i>-Type Silicon (1964)

The defect which appears in p-type silicon quenched from 870° to 1070°K is characterized by an ionization energy about 0.4 eV from the valence band, by an activation energy for motion about 0.3 eV, and by a diffusion constant of 1.2×10−7 cm2/sec at room temperature. The principal feature of the defect during room temperature annealing is that it fits into dimension-dependent kinetics. This indicates that the process of elimination of the defect occurs at the surfaces of the samples and that in thicker samples only a fraction of the defects succeed in reaching the surfaces. The high diffusion constant makes it plausible that the defect is an interstitial silicon. Mayburg in 1956 concluded from a series of experiments that interstitials exist in large densities (∼1016 cm−3) in silicon crystals as grown; he also considered their motion to the surfaces. We believe that the present experiments point to activation of interstitials during the heating process. They may have existed in an electrically inactive form in the crystals as grown, i.e., near some imperfection. Their random diffusion brings them to the surfaces where again they lose their donor properties.
A 22-lb, ¼-in Portable Color Video Camera/Recorder System (1975)

A very compact and lightweight portable color video recorder/camera system, known as the Akai VTS-150, has been getting increased attention in the North American market over the last 1½ years. The VTS-150 includes the VT-150 ¼-in portable color VTR and color processor, the VC-150 camera and the VA-150 combined ac adaptor and battery charger. Two rechargeable lead-acid 6-V batteries provide power for up to 40 min of operation, and a 5-in (12.7-cm) reel of videotape provides a 26-min taping capability. One important feature that is unique among portable systems is the VTS-150's assemble-edit capability. Important specifications include: camera horizontal resolution of more than 300 lines; SNR of better than 40 dB; and not counting the ac adaptor, a weight of 22¼ 1b (10.1 kg). Although it is not reasonable to compare the VTS-150 with much larger and vastly more expensive systems, it is nevertheless considered a remarkable achievement and a valuable tool in electronic journalism.
Combined polymer and microbubble drag reduction on a large flat plate (2006)

Drag-reduction experiments with combined injection of high-molecular-weight long-chained polymers and microbubbles were conducted on a 3.1 m long flat plate model in the 1.22 m diameter water tunnel at the Applied Research Laboratory of the Pennsylvania State University. Combined gas injection upstream of polymer injection produced, over a wide range of test conditions, higher levels of drag reduction than those obtained from the independent injection of polymer or microbubbles alone. These increased levels of drag reduction with combined injection were often greater than the product of the drag reductions obtained by the independent constituents, defined as synergy. We speculate that the synergy is a result of the gas-layer-induced extension of the polymer-alone initial diffusion zone in combination with the increased drag reduction by microbubbles. This increased length of the initial zone layer, consistent with high drag reduction, can significantly increase the persistence of the drag reduction and may improve the outlook for practical application.
Software quality: the elusive target [special issues section] (1996)

If you are a software developer, manager, or maintainer, quality is often on your mind. But what do you really mean by software quality? Is your definition adequate? Is the software you produce better or worse than you would like it to be? We put software quality on trial, examining both the definition and evaluation of our software products and processes.
An investigation of the structures and molecular dynamics of natural waxes. III. Montan wax (1988)

For pt.II see ibid., vol.21, p.1429 (1988). A detailed NMR investigation, supported by DSC and X-ray diffraction measurements, of montan wax is reported. The solid-state high-resolution 13C spectrum showed that it has a very high number of carbon atoms occurring in methyl and methylene groups and a relatively low ester, acid and carbonyl content. Laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation results showed that the methyl groups have a high degree of mobility and that branching of the chains is of minor importance. A reliable value of 34.6+or-2.2 kJ mol-1 was obtained for the activation energy of the reorientational-translational motion of the chains. The temperature at which T2, the spin-spin lattice relaxation time, starts to increase with increasing temperature yields tau 0=(8.7+or-0.6)*10-14s for this motion. The average chain length of montan wax is 31 carbon atoms. The chain-end motion as revealed by spin-lattice relaxation measurements in the rotating frame is less hindered in montan wax than in the other natural waxes which have been investigated.
Good fun and bad hair days: Girls in teen film (1995)

Girl culture in teen movies shows that mastery of fashion and dancing is the key to social effectiveness. Fran Rubel Kuzui's Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992) has become a cult classic for its portrayal of a girl's struggle to coordinate her vocation, her love life and her wardrobe. In Rock'n'Roll High School (Allan Arkush, 1979), Riff is the girl protagonist who leads a mutiny of unbridled dancing against the fascist school principal. The hedonistic utopianism of the teen comedy is nowhere more evident than in films about teenage girls. Where boys in teen films are obsessed with removing clothing in a perpetual anticipation of sex, teenage girls know that more fun is found elsewhere. In teen movies, girls retreat from the male domain of sexual experimentation in quest of romance, dancing, teen idols, new fashions and accommodating boyfriends. Girl culture presents pleasure as the Utopian source of social transformation.
Vertical Silicon p-n-p-n Tunnel nMOSFET With MBE-Grown Tunneling Junction (2011)

Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) can potentially achieve sub-60-mV/dec SS, but their performance strongly depends on the dopant profile at the tunneling junction. In this paper, very sharp (~.2 nm/dec) optimized tunneling-junction dopant profile for the silicon p-n-p-n TFET is demonstrated by molecular beam epitaxial growth. Devices are fabricated with a low-thermal-budget ( <; 620°C) vertical process flow to preserve the as-grown channel profile. Compared with a p-i-n TFET, the p-n-p-n TFET has 30% lower subthreshold swing, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> three times higher, and 50% reduced tunneling voltage drop.
Measurement of the Lyapunov Spectrum from a Chaotic Time Series (1985)

The exponential divergence or convergence of nearby trajectories (Lyapunov exponents) is conceptually the most basic indicator of deterministic chaos. We propose a new method to determine the spectrum of several Lyapunov exponents (including positive, zero, and even negative ones) from the observed time series of a single variable. We have applied the method to various known model systems and also to the Rayleigh-B\'enard experiment, and have elucidated the dependence of the Lyapunov exponents on the Rayleigh number.
The chemistry of the metasternal gland secretion of the eucalypt longicorn <i>Phoracantha synonyma</i> (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) (1976)

The metasternal gland secretion of Phoracantha synonyma contains a diversity of volatile components, one of which, 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde (1), is of widespread occurrence in the genus. Threemajor components and several minor components are macrocyclic lactones, of which the following have been positively identified: decan-9-olide (2), (2)-dec-4-en-9-olide (3) and 11-hydroxytetradec-5-en-13-olide (4). The methyl and ethyl esters of 2-methylbutyric and related acids are also present and are responsible for the characteristic odour of the fresh secretion.
Dysfunction of the CNS-Heart Axis in Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease (2014)

Cardiac remodelling and contractile dysfunction occur during both acute and chronic disease processes including the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded amyloid proteins that are typical features of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease (HD). While HD has been described mainly as a neurological disease, multiple epidemiological studies have shown that HD patients exhibit a high incidence of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure, and that this is the second highest cause of death. Given that huntingtin is ubiquitously expressed, cardiomyocytes may be at risk of an HD-related dysfunction. In mice, the forced expression of an expanded polyQ repeat under the control of a cardiac specific promoter led to severe heart failure followed by reduced lifespan. However the mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in the clinical and pre-clinical HD settings remains unknown. To unravel this mechanism, we employed the R6/2 transgenic and HdhQ150 knock-in mouse models of HD. We found that pre-symptomatic animals developed connexin-43 relocation and a significant deregulation of hypertrophic markers and Bdnf transcripts. In the symptomatic animals, pronounced functional changes were visualised by cardiac MRI revealing a contractile dysfunction, which might be a part of dilatated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This was accompanied by the re-expression of foetal genes, apoptotic cardiomyocyte loss and a moderate degree of interstitial fibrosis. To our surprise, we could identify neither mutant HTT aggregates in cardiac tissue nor a HD-specific transcriptional dysregulation, even at the end stage of disease. We postulate that the HD-related cardiomyopathy is caused by altered central autonomic pathways although the pathogenic effects of mutant HTT acting intrinsically in the heart may also be a contributing factor.
Dipole Source Localization in Magnetocardiography (2007)

Dipole source localization (DSL) is complicated as it involves solving electromagnetic inverse problems in Magnetocardiography (MCG). The accuracy of the inverse solutions depends upon the adequacy of the forward model and the DSL algorithm used. We have developed two simplified models based on double magnetic dipoles source and a single current dipole source respectively. In this paper, the inverse solutions of DSL using Levenberg-Marquart (LM) algorithm and Nelder-Mead algorithm (NM) were discussed. Numeral simulations were performed using the MCG data generated from two different graphical models, which were reconstructed in terms of the parameter character of the real MCG measurements. An analysis of the average localization error in the ST-T segment at different noise levels and with different initial values was given. Our results indicated that the NM algorithm for both models works effectively in the case of initial values having 10% random noise. Furthermore, the localization accuracy less than 1 mm has been achieved in our research.
British Government since 1918 (1952)

David R. British Government since 1918. In: Revue française de science politique, 2ᵉ année, n°1, 1952. pp. 178-179.
A High-Resolution Radar Detection Strategy (1983)

A comparison of single range cell detection and integrated contiguous range cell detection for a high range resolution radar is presented. A simulation was used to generate probability of detection curves for the two detection strategies using 10 target models with different target scattering characteristics. The integrated range cell detection strategy was found to be superior in all cases except when the target is composed of a single strong flare point.
Dynamics Analysis of Facial Expression Changes for Person Identification (2010)

We propose a new method for analyzing dynamics of facial expression changes to identify persons. Several methods have been proposed to identify persons using facial images. In most methods, variations in facial expressions are one trouble factor because an input face image does not always contain the same facial expression as training images. However, the dynamics of facial expression changes are one measure of personal characteristics. In the proposed method, facial feature points are extracted using Active Appearance Models (AAMs) in the first frame of each video. They are then tracked using the Lucas-Kanade (LK) based feature point tracking method. Next, the starting and ending frames of facial expression changes are extracted by differences in the facial feature points' position between two successive frames. Finally, a feature vector is obtained as the sequence of the 2D coordinate variations of facial feature points. In the identification phase, an input feature vector is classified by calculating the distance between the input vector and the training vectors using dynamic programming matching (DP matching). We show the effectiveness of the proposed method using facial expression videos of the Facial Expressions and Emotions Database from Technical University of Munich (FEEDTUM database).
Survey of Redox-Active Moieties for Application in Multiplexed Electrochemical Biosensors (2016)

Recent years have seen the development of a large number of electrochemical sandwich assays and reagentless biosensor architectures employing biomolecules modified via the attachment of a redox-active "reporter." Here we survey a large set of potential redox reporters in order to determine which exhibits the best long-duration stability in thiol-on-gold monolayer-based sensors and to identify reporter "sets" signaling at distinct, nonoverlapping redox potentials in support of multiplexing and error correcting ratiometric or differential measurement approaches. Specifically, we have characterized the performance of more than a dozen potential reporters that are, first, redox active within the potential window over which thiol-on-gold monolayers are reasonably stable and, second, are available commercially in forms that are readily conjugated to biomolecules or can be converted into such forms in one or two simple synthetic steps. To test each of these reporters we conjugated it to one terminus of a single-stranded DNA "probe" that was attached by its other terminus via a six-carbon thiol to a gold electrode to form an "E-DNA" sensor responsive to its complementary DNA target. We then measured the signaling properties of each sensor as well as its stability against repeated voltammetric scans and against deployment in and reuse from blood serum. Doing so we find that the performance of methylene blue-based, thiol-on-gold sensors is unmatched; the near-quantitative stability of such sensors against repeated scanning in even very complex sample matrices is unparalleled. While more modest, the stability of sensors employing a handful of other reporters, including anthraquinone, Nile blue, and ferrrocene, is reasonable. Our work thus serves as both to highlight the exceptional properties of methylene blue as a redox reporter in such applications and as a cautionary tale-we wish to help other researchers avoid fruitless efforts to employ the many, seemingly promising and yet ultimately inadequate reporters we have investigated. Finally, we hope that our work also serves as an illustration of the pressing need for the further development of useful redox reporters.
An Efficient Tree-Based Power Saving Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks With Mobile Sink (2016)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with mobile sink are expected to increase the flexibility for gathering information in large-scale sensing and detecting environments. Energy saving becomes one of the most important features of the sensor nodes to extend their lifetime in such networks. A novel tree-based power saving scheme is proposed in this paper to reduce the energy consumption in WSNs with mobile sink. We adopt a dynamic sorting algorithm to create a tree-cluster routing structure for the sensor nodes. The main goal of this scheme is to reduce the data transmission distances of the sensor nodes by employing the tree structure and multi-hop concepts. Based on the location of mobile sink, the distances between the sensor nodes, and the residual energy of each sensor node, the proposed scheme makes an efficient decision for creating the routing structure. The energy consumption is reduced and the lifetime is extended for the sensor nodes by balancing the network load. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed scheme and its ability to strike the appropriate performance in the energy consumption, network lifetime, throughput, and transmission overhead. In addition, suitable delay time and number of retransmission messages can be achieved for the WSNs with mobile sink.