gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large artery stiffness in hypertension (1997)

EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSION ON LARGE ARTERIES: The mechanical properties of large arteries make a major contribution to cardiovascular haemodynamics through the buffering of stroke volume and by propagation of the pressure pulse. A sustained increase in blood pressure often leads to stiffness of the large arteries, especially when other risk factors are present. The increased stiffness, in turn, aggravates hypertension by increasing systolic blood pressure and can induce cardiac hypertrophy and arterial lesions. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that subjects with stiffer arteries have a high pulse pressure, and that stiffening of large arteries is associated with excess morbidity and mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS: Apart from high blood pressure and ageing, various environmental and genetic factors that influence the composition of the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall can increase arterial stiffness. Clinical studies suggest that the presence of some genotypes may be a particularly important risk marker for arterial stiffness, and may modulate the effects of hypertension, ageing and lipids on large arteries. EFFECTS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS: The development of accurate, non-invasive methods has now made it possible to detect alterations of the large arteries. Among antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers have proved to be highly effective in improving large artery compliance, and have shown no adverse effects on metabolic factors that can alter arterial structure and function such as lipids, plasma glucose and insulin tolerance. Therefore these drugs may be particularly suitable for treating patients with increased arterial stiffness. Finally, a determination of genotypes may be helpful in the future in choosing antihypertensive therapy.
Cosmic Microwave Background Bispectrum from Recombination (2013)

We compute the cosmic microwave background temperature bispectrum generated by nonlinearities at recombination on all scales. We use CosmoLib2nd, a numerical Boltzmann code at second order to compute cosmic microwave background bispectra on the full sky. We consistently include all effects except gravitational lensing, which can be added to our result using standard methods. The bispectrum is peaked on squeezed triangles and agrees with the analytic approximation in the squeezed limit at the few percent level for all the scales where this is applicable. On smaller scales, we recover previous results on perturbed recombination. For cosmic-variance limited data to l(max)=2000, its signal-to-noise ratio is S/N=0.47, corresponding to f(NL)(eff)=-2.79, and will bias a local signal by f(NL)(loc) ~/= 0.82.
Low cortisol, high DHEA, and high levels of stimulated TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in women with PTSD (2008)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune function alterations; however, few studies have simultaneously investigated these systems in participants with PTSD. In this study, HPA axis and immune function in 26 women with PTSD with and without major depressive disorder was compared to 24 traumatized controls and to 21 nontraumatized controls. Posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with low cortisol and higher levels of DHEA and greater production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to traumatized and healthy controls. Women with PTSD and depression exhibited greater production of IL-6 and higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) than those with PTSD, but without depression. These findings suggest dysregulated HPA axis and immune function in women with PTSD, and that comorbid depression may contribute to these abnormalities.
Carbohydrate-dependent inhibition of Helicobacter pylori colonization using porcine milk (2005)

Breast milk has a well-known anti-microbial effect, which is in part due to the many different carbohydrate structures expressed. This renders it a position as a potential therapeutic for treatment of infection by different pathogens, thus avoiding the drawbacks of many antibiotics. In a previous study, we showed that pigs express the Helicobacter pylori receptors, sialyl Lewis x (Le x) and Le b, on various milk proteins. Here, we investigate the pig breed- and individual-specific expression of these epitopes, as well as the inhibitory capacity of porcine milk on H. pylori binding and colonization. Milk proteins from three different pig breeds were analysed by western blotting using antibodies with known carbohydrate specificity. An adhesion assay was used to investigate the capacity of pig milk to inhibit H. pylori binding to neoglycoproteins carrying Le b and sialyl-di-Le x. alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferase transgenic FVB/N mice, known to express Le b and sialyl Le x in their gastric epithelium, were colonized by H. pylori and were subsequently treated with Le b- and sialyl Le x-expressing or nonexpressing porcine milk, or water (control) only. The degree of H. pylori colonization in the different treatment groups was quantified. The expression of the Le b and sialyl Le x carbohydrate epitopes on pig milk proteins was breed- and individual specific and correlated to the ability of porcine milk to inhibit H. pylori adhesion in vitro and H. pylori colonization in vivo. Milk from certain pig breeds may have a therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect on H. pylori infection.
Cyclodextrins, Off‐the‐Shelf Components for the Construction of Mechanically Interlocked Molecular Systems (1992)

Titillating games of “molecular artists” or serious attempts at the production of new, functionalized materials? This question arises in the evaluation of several recent articles by Kaifer et al., Wenz et al., Harada et al., and Macartney et al. on the threading of cyclodextrins on “thin” molecules. If these “threads” are short, [2] rotaxanes result; if they are polymers, polyrotaxanes are the products. One thing remains certain: cyclodextrins will continue to inspire imaginative projects.
[Effect of cryoconservation of platelets on polyamine level and cathepsin D activity]. (1992)

Alterations in activity of cathepsin D as well as in content of polyamines spermine, spermidine, x-fraction (apparently, acetyl spermidine) and putrescine were studied in blood platelets depending on conditions of conservation. The enzyme activity and content of polyamines correlated directly with duration of the cell concentrates storage. Cathepsin D and polyamines appear to be involved in responses to stress adaptation.
Piezoelectric Harvesters and MEMS Technology: Fabrication, Modeling and Measurements (2007)

Piezoelectric converters designed for harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations have been fabricated by micromachining technologies. The manufactured piezoelectric energy harvesters have been characterized by applying a sinusoidal oscillation as mechanical input and by using a simple resistive load to measure the output power of the system. A maximum output power of 40μW has been measured for an input vibration having a frequency of 1.8 kHz and an amplitude of 180 nm. A model aimed at estimating the output power of the fabricated piezoelectric structures has been developed and theoretical estimations have been compared with experimental results.
Nitride-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Grown With InN/GaN Matrix Quantum Wells (2014)

Nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown with a structure of InN/GaN matrix quantum-wells (QWs) using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition are fabricated and characterized. The InN/GaN matrix QWs can significantly enhance the formation of phase-separated In-rich regions. Under an injection current of 500 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the LED output power can be enhanced by 26%, and the efficiency droop can be improved as compared with a conventional LED. These improvements could be attributed to the strong localization effect to remove carriers from the confining potential and capture these carriers at nonradiative centers in the active layer.
Spectral profile and multiplexing of Bragg gratings in photosensitive fiber (1991)

We describe a technique of optically writing several gratings in a photosensitive germanosilicate fiber. Each grating is written using the same single-frequency argon-ion laser source, but by varying the strain applied to the fiber during writing the resonant frequency of the gratings can be controlled. Frequency differences between gratings of 182 GHz have been demonstrated. The spectra of the gratings formed in the fiber were measured by periodically stretching the fiber while illuminating it with a single-frequency laser. This permits a frequency-resolved real-time analysis of the passband. The grating properties are also shown to be highly dependent on the polarization of the writing beam.
Comparative study of Authorship Identification Techniques for Cyber Forensics Analysis (2013)

Authorship Identification techniques are used to identify the most appropriate author from group of potential suspects of online messages and find evidences to support the conclusion. Cybercriminals make misuse of online communication for sending blackmail or a spam email and then attempt to hide their true identities to void detection.Authorship Identification of online messages is the contemporary research issue for identity tracing in cyber forensics. This is highly interdisciplinary area as it takes advantage of machine learning, information retrieval, and natural language processing. In this paper, a study of recent techniques and automated approaches to attributing authorship of online messages is presented. The focus of this review study is to summarize all existing authorship identification techniques used in literature to identify authors of online messages. Also it discusses evaluation criteria and parameters for authorship attribution studies and list open questions that will attract future work in this area.
SAW propagation loss mechanism in piezoelectric ceramics (1981)

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation loss mechanism of piezoelectric ceramics is examined using lead titanate (PbTiO3) ceramics modified with additives of Nd2O3, MnO2, and In2O3, which have zero temperature coefficients of SAW delay time. The propagation loss L in the frequency range 30 to 300 MHz consists of two parts. One is the Rayleigh scattering loss LS caused by grain, and the other is the true dissipative loss LF caused by internal friction. Thus, total loss results in L(dB/cm) = LS+LF = 3.2×103D3f4+6.8×10−4f2 (where D and f denote average grain size in cm and frequency in MHz, respectively). It is also revealed experimentally that the internal friction causing the latter loss has a close correlation with the dielectric loss through piezoelectric combination. Therefore, materials with fine grain (&lt;0.5 μm) and low dielectric loss (&lt;10−3) must be developed to reduce SAW propagation losses which prevent the piezoelectric ceramics from being used in higher frequency (≳100 MHz) SAW applications. Based on these requirements, fine grained (∼0.5 μm) specimens are fabricated. The propagation losses obtained from these specimens, 9 dB/cm at 100 MHz, are the lowest values ever reported for piezoelectric ceramics. This result suggests that the present ceramics have high potential as materials for high-frequency SAW devices.
APPLICATIONS OF FERRATE(VI) IN THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS (2005)

The novel behavior of ferrate(VI) has received an increased attention for its possible applications in various purposes particularly in the treatment of waste/effluent waters. It possess relatively high oxidizing capacity and the reduced ferrate(VI) into Fe(III) again an important and useful precipitant, coagulant, flocculants and likely to be a good adsorbent via the formation of ferric hydroxide for various metal cations. Moreover, the non-toxic effect makes it a 'green chemical' and further enhances its widespread uses in various purposes. Here an attempt has been made to review the applications of ferrate(VI) in the treatment of waste waters and also its possible future applications in the wastewater treatment technology.
Erasure decoding in burst-error channels (1981)

Burst-error channels have been used to model a large class of modern communication media, and the problem of communicating reliably through such media has received much study [1]-[9]. Existing techniques include two-way communication schemes that involve error detection and retransmission, and schemes that utilize error correcting codes in code interleaving. The error-detection and retransmission scheme is simple, but its applicability has been restricted to limited environments. On the other hand, the concept of code interleaving has proved to be versatile and effective. Code interleaving distributes the error detection and correction burden among the component codes and thus lowers the overall redundancy requirement. However, the memory characteristics of the burst-error channel have not been used. This omission has prompted the investigation presented in this paper to utilize the inherent information embedded in the code interleaving scheme when used with burst-error channels. The concept of erasure decoding is introduced, leading to some useful coding and decoding strategies. Theoretical formulations are devised to predict code performance, and their validity is verified with computer simulations.
Indoor vs outdoor classification of consumer photographs using low-level and semantic features (2002)

Scene categorization to indoor vs outdoor may be approached by using low-level features for inferring high-level information about the image. Low-level features such as color and texture have been used extensively in image understanding research, however, they cannot solve the problem completely. We propose the use of a Bayesian network for integrating knowledge from low-level and semantic features for indoor vs outdoor classification of images. Using ground truth data for sky and grass detection, we demonstrate that the classification performance can be significantly improved when semantic features are employed in the classification process.
Effects of cisplatin on telomerase activity and telomere length in BEL—7404 human hepatoma cells (2002)

Telomerase activity was inhibited in a dose and time-dependent manner with the treatment of cisplatin for 24, 48, or 72 h in a concentration ranged from 0.8 to 50 μM in BEL-7404 human hepatoma cells. There were no changes in expression pattern of three telomerase subunits, its catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit (hTERT), its RNA component (hTR) or the associated protein subunit (TP1), after cisplatin treated for 72 h with indicated concentrations. Mean telomere lengths were decreased by the cisplatin treatment. Cell growth inhibition and cell cycle accumulation in G2/M phase were found to be correlated with telomerase inhibition in the present study, but percentages of cell apoptosis did not change markedly during the process.
A Solid‐Phase Route to <sup>18</sup>F‐Labeled Tracers, Exemplified by the Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]2‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucose (2006)

Scintillating synthesis: 18F-Containing radiopharmaceuticals can be prepared by using [18F]fluoride ions to displace a sulfonate linker and release a radiotracer from a solid support (see scheme; EOM=ethoxymethyl). The method has allowed the synthesis of the widely used imaging agent [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in good radiochemical yield and with high chemical purity.
Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Encoding Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-dependent Poly (vinyl alcohol) Dehydrogenase of<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. Strain VM15C (1996)

A gene library of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain VM15C was constructed in Escherichia coli with the vector pUC18. Screening of this library with a chromogenic PVA dehydrogenase assay resulted in the isolation of a clone that carries the gene (pdh) for the PVA dehydrogenase, and the entire nucleotide sequence of its structural gene was determined. The gene encodes a protein of 639 amino acid residues (68,045 Da) and in the deduced amino acid sequence, some putative functional sites, a signal sequence, a heme c-binding site, and a PQQ-binding site, were detected. The amino acid sequence showed low similarity to other types of quinoprotein dehydrogenases. PVA dehydrogenase expressed in E. coli clones required PQQ. Ca2+, and Mg2+ stimulated the activity. PVA-dependent heme c reduction occurred with exogenous PQQ in cell extracts of the E. coli clone. The PVA dehydrogenase in the E. coli clone was localized in the cytoplasm.
A framework architecture for information networks (1992)

An overview of the INA Architecture, which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies and specifies an architecture for future information networks that are required to transport multimedia information and to manage multimedia communication, is presented. The key functional separations that have to be met in any INA-consistent network, the major components of an INA-consistent network, and the various levels in the architecture are described. The INA Architecture is compared with ISO's Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), ISO's Open Distributed Processing (ODP), and Bellcore's AIN architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Holistic care for the elderly]. (2004)

It is evident that the population of elderly people is increasing in size in the 21st century. Because ageing causes declines in various aspects of health, health care personnel should adopt a holistic approach to caring for them. The purposes of this paper are to discuss the meaning of holism and the health characteristics of the elderly, and to consider, in the light of these characteristics, how best to provide holistic care to the elderly. The author hopes that this article can contribute to improvements in health care for the elderly.
An efficient algorithm for the run-time parallelization of DOACROSS loops (1994)

While automatic parallelization of loops usually relies on compile-time analysis of data dependences, for some loops the data dependences cannot be determined at compile time. An example is loops accessing arrays with subscripted subscripts. To parallelize these loops, it is necessary to perform run-time analysis. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to parallelize these loops at run time. Our scheme handles any type of data dependence in the loop without requiring any special architectural support in the multiprocessor. Furthermore, compared to an older scheme with the same generality, our scheme significantly reduces the amount of processor communication required and increases the overlap among dependent iterations. We evaluate our algorithm with parameterized loops running on the 32-processor Cedar shared-memory multiprocessor. The results show speedups over the serial code of up to 14 with the full overhead of run-time analysis and of up to 27 if part of the analysis is reused across loop invocations. Moreover, the algorithm outperforms the older scheme in nearly all cases, reaching speedups of up to times when the loop has many dependences.
Exposure Reciprocity Law in Photopolymerization of Multi‐Functional Acrylates and Methacrylates (2007)

Abstract The applicability of the exposure reciprocity law (ERL) to the photopolymerization of acrylates and methacrylates was investigated. It was found that when the oligomer/monomer mass ratio in the systems studied was equal to or greater than 6:4, the ERL applied quite well. The applicability of the ERL to individual (meth)acrylates was judged by comparing the ratio of the lowest DC under one of the three I ‐ t combinations to the highest DC under another I ‐ t combination. The ERL is deemed to apply better to a monomer whose ratio is close to unity. It was found that the viscosity and the number of double bonds are two primary attributes. Photopolymerization of those with more than one double bond and with viscosity higher than 100‐200 mPa · s closely obeys the ERL. This is because the two factors promote the realization of the reaction‐diffusion‐controlled process, which facilitates monomolecular termination of free radicals. magnified image
PET imaging of non-small-cell lung carcinoma with carbon-11-methionine: relationship between radioactivity uptake and flow-cytometric parameters. (1993)

Carbon-11-methionine PET scans were obtained from 24 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma for whom surgical treatment was considered. The tumor mass was visualized with clear delineation. After PET scanning, the tumor was removed by lobectomy or pulmonectomy. The tumor tissue was first processed to yield tumor cell suspensions and then subjected to DNA flow cytometry. Comparison between 11C uptake rate and flow-cytometric data gave the following results: 11C uptake rate in the tumor correlated well with the cellular DNA content (DNA index) of tumor cells at the resting state of cell division (G0 + G1-phase) (r = 0.67). The correlation between 11C uptake rate and S-phase cell percentage was markedly high (r = 0.76), and the correlation between 11C uptake rate and S+G2/M-phase cell percentage was extremely high (r = 0.86). It was concluded that the tumor uptake rate of 11C-methionine was representative of tumor growth rate in this tumor type.
Rechargeable Lithium and Sodium Anodes in Chloroaluminate Molten Salts Containing Thionyl Chloride (1995)

Lithium and sodium deposition‐stripping studies were performed in room temperature buffered neutral chloroaluminate melts containing low concentrations of thionyl chloride . The solute promotes high cycling efficiencies of the alkali metals in these electrolytes. Staircase cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry show cycling efficiencies of approximately 90% for both lithium and sodium. High cycling efficiencies are maintained following extended exposure of the melt to the dry box atmosphere and after time delays at open circuit. The performance of the systems is substantially improved over previous studies in room temperature melts containing hydrogen chloride as the promoting solute.
Crystal structures of<i>N</i>-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (monoclinic polymorph) and<i>N</i>-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (2014)

The title compounds, C11H10N4O (HL1) and C11H10N4O (HL2), are pyridine 2-ylmethyl and 4-ylmethyl derivatives, respectively, of pyrazine-2-carboxamide. HL1 was measured at 153 K and crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4. There has been a report of the same structure measured at room temperature but assumed to crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1 with Z = 4 [Sasan et al. (2008 ▶). Monatsh. Chem. 139, 773-780]. In HL1, the pyridine ring is inclined to the pyrazine ring by 61.34 (6)°, while in HL2 this dihedral angle is 84.33 (12)°. In both mol-ecules, there is a short N-H⋯N inter-action involving the pyrazine carboxamide unit. In the crystal of HL1, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 (2)(10) ring motif. The dimers are linked via bifurcated-acceptor C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (102). The sheets are linked via C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure. In the crystal of HL2, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form chains propagating along [010]. The chains are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (100). Within the sheets there are π-π inter-actions involving neighbouring pyrazine rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.711 (15) Å]. Adjacent sheets are linked via parallel slipped π-π inter-actions involving inversion-related pyridine rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.6395 (17) Å], forming a three-dimensional structure.