gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anorgasmia from Clomipramine in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1987)

Forty-six patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder undergoing a double-blind controlled study of clomipramine and placebo were interviewed to assess changes in sexual function. Of 33 patients with previously normal organism, nearly all of the 24 on clomipramine developed total or partial anorgasmia; none of the 9 on placebo did so. Anorgasmia persisted with minimal tolerance over the five months that clomipramine was taken. Men and women were equally affected. Sexual side-effects are easily missed without a structured interview, and can detract from the value of drug treatment.
Falling Risk Evaluation in Elderly Using Miniature Gyroscope: Relation Between Gait and Risk of Falling (2001)

Falls are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality among elderlypersons and are associated with significant adverse psychological andphysical consequences [1].Evaluating fall risk is important because it allows better targeting for preventiveand assistive interventions to at risk subjects. Most falls occur during walkingand several studies have demonstrated an association between changes in gaitand risk of falling in older adults [2]. Despite these findings, fall risk is mainlyassessed by using questionnaires or semi-objective performance measuresbecause no simple objective method is available for routine gait analysis.Overcoming problems of reliability and subjectivity of currently used methodscould lead to substantial improvements in the accuracy of fall risk assessment[3].Relation of posture transition with risk of failing based on an ambulatory systemhas been shown before [4]. In this paper, we describe a new ambulatorymethod in gait analysis. In addition we present results of a validation test of thissystem against a footswitch-based gait analysis system, and describe the performanceof this system in stratifying fall risk in a sample of older persons.
Regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1991)

Synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide colanic acid in Escherichia coli K12 is regulated by a complex network of regulatory proteins. This regulation is expressed at the level of transcription of the cps (capsular polysaccharide synthesis) genes. Two positive regulators, RcsA and RcsB, are necessary for maximal capsule expression. The availability of RcsA is normally limited because the RcsA protein is rapidly degraded by the Lon ATP-dependent protease. Therefore Lon acts, indirectly, as a negative regulator of capsule synthesis. The sequence predicted for RcsB suggests that it is the effector component of a two-component system; a protein with homology to sensors, RcsC, also plays a role in capsule regulation. We propose a model for capsule synthesis in which RcsA interacts with RcsB to stimulate transcription of the cps genes. The mechanism of regulation of colanic acid synthesis in E. coli may apply to other capsules in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria.
<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Macroporous Hydrogels to Facilitate Stem Cell Infiltration, Growth, and Mineralization (2009)

Hydrogels have gained acceptance as biomaterials in a wide range of applications, including pharmaceutical formulations, drug delivery, and tissue sealants. However, exploiting the potential of hydrogels as scaffolds for cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine still remains a challenge due to, in part, scaffold design limitations. Here, we describe a highly interconnected, macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel scaffold, with pores ranging from 100 to 600 microm. The scaffold exhibits rapid cell uptake and cell seeding without the need of any external force or device with high incorporation efficiency. When human mesenchymal stem cells are seeded within the porous scaffolds, the scaffolds were found to promote long-term stem cell viability, and on exposure to osteogenic medium, elicit an mineralization response as evaluated by an increased alkaline phosphatase activity (per cell) and calcium and phosphate content within the constructs. The atomic composition of the mineralized matrix was further determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy and found to be similar to calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, the amorphous biological precursor of bone. The macroporous design of the hydrogel appears advantageous over similar porous hydrogel scaffolds with respect to ease of synthesis, ease of stem cell seeding, and its ability to support long-term stem cell survival and possible differentiation.
Efficacy of selective 5‐HT6 receptor ligands determined by monitoring 5‐HT6 receptor‐mediated cAMP signaling pathways (2006)

1. Two novel selective 5-HT6 receptor ligands E-6801 (6-chloro-N-(3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-sulfonamide) and E-6837 (5-chloro-N-(3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)naphthalene-2-sulfonamide) were investigated and compared to the putative 5-HT6 receptor antagonists SB-271046 (5-chloro-N-(4-methoxy-3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-sulfonamide) and Ro 04-06790 (N-(2,6-bis(methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-aminobenzenesulfonamide) using a cAMP-mediated pathway. 2. Forskolin stimulation, to increase the magnitude of agonist cAMP responses, and site-directed mutagenesis of the 5-HT6 receptor, in order to yield constitutively active receptor, were applied. 3. 5-HT (E(max), % over basal: 200), E-6801 (120) and E-6837 (23) induced cAMP formation at the rat 5-HT6 receptor. In the copresence of forskolin, cAMP responses were more potent and enhanced to 294 (5-HT, % over forskolin), 250 (E-6801) and 207 (E-6837), respectively. 5-HT-mediated cAMP formation was dose-dependently blocked by SB-271046 (pA(2): 8.76+/-0.22) and Ro 04-6790 (pA(2): 7.89+/-0.10) and not affected by the copresence of forskolin. Both E-6801 and E-6837 yielded partial antagonism of the 5-HT response in the absence of forskolin, whereas antagonism was either completely absent (E-6801) or attenuated (E-6837) in the copresence of forskolin. Intrinsic activity of these 5-HT6 receptor ligands at a constitutively active human S267K 5-HT6 receptor in Cos-7 cells indicated similar efficacy (E(max), % over basal) for 5-HT (97), E-6801 (91) and E-6837 (100), while Ro 04-6790 (-33) and SB-271046 (-39) were equi-efficacious inverse agonists. 4. The use of either forskolin or a constitutively active S267K 5-HT6 receptor enhances the resolution for monitoring the efficacy of 5-HT6 receptor ligands. E-6801 and E-6837 are potent partial agonists at the 5-HT6 receptor. Ro 04-6790 and SB-271046 appear to act as inverse agonists/antagonists.
Atomic force microscopy study of uv-induced anisotropy in hydrogen-loaded germanosilicate fibers (1994)

Thermally treated and uv-exposed hydrogen-loaded germanosilicate fibers are profiled with an atomic force microscope after cleaving the fiber in the exposed region and etching the cleaved endface in hydrofluoric acid. Thermally treated fibers etch symmetrically throughout the core region, but the uv-exposed fibers etch differently. In the uv-exposed fibers, both the etch depth and the refractive index are asymmetric. They are highest at the core-cladding interface on the side exposed to the uv radiation. We propose that a photolytic process increases the refractive index across the entire core, but the asymmetry is the result of transient heating due to uv absorption. Furthermore, we demonstrate that uniform circumferential exposure symmetrizes the etch depth and refractive index change and reduces the induced birefringence.
Intraoperative Navigation for Minimally Invasive Resection of Periarticular and Pelvic Tumors (2011)

The surgical approach to benign, metastatic, and some low-grade malignant tumors is often difficult due to their typically precarious locations. This article presents a series of cases where intraoperative stealth navigation was used to treat periarticular tumors. The use of paired point imaging with image fusion has made approaching tumors through an accurate and minimally invasive technique a viable option for the treatment of a subset of musculoskeletal tumors.
rpsL<sup>+</sup>: a dominant selectable marker for gene replacement in mycobacteria (1995)

Molecular genetic manipulations in mycobacteria would benefit from procedures which efficiently select for double-crossover events by homologous recombination. Here we describe a vector-host system for gene replacement in mycobacteria, the utility of which was investigated using functional inactivation of the pyrF gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model. This system is based on the expression of the wild-type rpsL gene coding for ribosomal protein S12 in a streptomycin-resistant host. Owing to the absence of a mycobacterial origin the plasmids are unable to replicate autonomously in mycobacteria. The first selection for maintenance of cloned sequences is conferred by the kanamycin-resistance gene. The second simultaneous selection by streptomycin is against maintenance of cloned sequences which contain the gene encoding the streptomycin-sensitive allele of the rpsL gene. By placing the gene for positive selection and that used for negative selection within and outside the target gene of interest, respectively, gene replacement is obtained. A one-step double selection procedure provides a means to distinguish strictly between gene replacement by double crossover versus homologous recombination by single crossover events. The system should have considerable potential for genera or species where single-crossover events or even illegitimate recombination are the predominant recombination mechanisms. It should also be of wide use for the construction of mutants without a selectable phenotype.
Enzymic assay of C3b receptor on intact cells and solubilized cells (1983)

The C3b receptor of human erythrocytes is known to act as a cofactor for the cleavage of the complement protein C3b by the serine proteinase C3b/C4b Ina. The same cofactor activity is shown to be present on human tonsil B-lymphocytes. The cofactor activity of the C3b receptor can be assayed, on intact cells or in solubilized extracts of cells, by determining the rate of C3b cleavage in the presence of fixed concentrations of C3b and of C3b/C4b Ina. This assay method was used to compare the characteristics and relative quantities of C3b receptors on erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The cofactor activities associated with these two cell types resemble each other, but are distinct from the serum cofactor proteins, C4bp and Factor H, in antigenicity and in pH- and ionic-strength-dependence, and are distinct from Factor H in substrate specificity. Assay of cofactor activity in intact cells indicates that there are about 80-fold more receptors per cell on the lymphocyte surface than on erythrocytes. Assays with cells made permeable by detergent show that, whereas essentially all of the receptors on erythrocytes are on the cell surface, B-lymphocytes contain a large internal receptor pool, which makes up more than 80% of the total cofactor activity of the cell.
Feature selection and indexing of online signatures (2012)

In this paper, we propose a model for feature selection and indexing of online signatures based person identification. For representation of online signatures, a set of 100 global features of MCYT online signature database is considered. However, MCYT based features are high dimension features which significantly increases the response time and space requirements for signature identification process. To overcome this problem, multi cluster feature selection method is proposed to reduce the dimensionality by finding a relevant feature subset. Moreover, in some applications, where the database is supposed to be very large, the identification process typically has an unacceptably long response time. A solution to speed up the identification process is to design an indexing model prior to identification which reduces the number of candidate hypotheses to be considered during matching by the identification algorithm. Hence in this paper, Kd-tree based indexing model is designed for online signatures based person identification. The experimental results reveal that the proposed model works more efficiently both in terms of time and accuracy.
The Clathrin-Mediated Endocytic Pathway Participates in dsRNA-Induced IFN-β Production (2008)

TLR3 and cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) recognize virus-derived dsRNA and induce type I IFN production in a distinct manner. Human TLR3 localizes to the endosomal compartments in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), while it localizes to both the cell surface and interior in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. TLR3 signaling arises in the intracellular compartment in both cell types and requires endosomal maturation. The mechanisms by which extracellular dsRNA is delivered to the TLR3-containing organelle remain largely unknown. Among various synthetic dsRNAs, poly(I:C) is preferentially internalized and activates TLR3 in mDCs. In vitro transcribed dsRNAs hardly induce IFN-beta production in mDCs. In this study, we demonstrate that the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway mediates cell entry of poly(I:C) to induce IFN-beta gene transcription. Furthermore, poly(I:C)-induced IFN-beta production is inhibited by pretreatment of cells with B- and C-type oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) but not with TLR7/8 ligands. The binding and internalization of B-type ODNs by mDCs was reduced in the presence of poly(I:C), suggesting that poly(I:C) shares the uptake receptor with B- and C-type ODNs. Hence, foreign dsRNA is recognized by differently categorized receptors, cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptor, membrane-bound TLR3 and cell-surface RNA capture. The endocytic pathway is critical for dsRNA-induced TLR3-mediated cell activation.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (1981)

Small mobile stones in the major renal collecting system can be extracted through a percutaneous tract. Initially the radiologist performs a conventional percutaneous needle nephrostomy and inserts a pigtail catheter into the renal pelvis. Over the next week the tract formed is serially dilated to a size large enough to pass a cystoscope into the kidney. The calculi are trapped by a stone basket and removed. The many advantages of this relatively atraumatic procedure are discussed.
Co-Culture of Endothelial Cells and Smooth Muscle Cells in a Flow Environment: An Improved Culture Model of the Vascular Wall? (1995)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the neighboring smooth muscle cells (SMC) influence the morphology, cytoskeleton and growth of co-cultured endothelial cells (EC). Also, flow-induced laminar shear stress has been shown to induce cell elongation, F-actin reorganization and growth inhibition in cultured EC. We investigated the effect of neighboring SMC and collagen matrix on the response of EC to shear stress. The co-culture system was made by growing porcine aortic SMC in a gel of collagen type I and then seeding porcine aortic EC (P AEC) on the top surface. Then the co-culture was exposed to steady, laminar shear stress of 10 and 30 dynes/cm2 in a parallel-plate flow chamber. EC had a different morphology when cultured on top of collagen gels as compared to cells grown on plastic. When grown in static co-culture with SMC, EC were already elongated and showed a random wavy pattern of orientation. When exposed to 30 dynes/cm2, the EC aligned with the direction of flow after 24 to 48 hours. We suggest that the elongation and orientation of the EC, when cultured on a collagen matrix under static conditions, may be due to contact guidance on the collagen fibers previously rearranged by the SMC during gel retraction. Shear stress, however, was sufficient to induce cell orientation along the direction of flow.
Limit Order Trading (1996)

ABSTRACT We analyze the rationale for limit order trading. Use of limit orders involves two risks: 1) an adverse information event can trigger an undesirable execution, and 2) favorable news can result in a desirable execution not being obtained. On the other hand, a paucity of limit orders can result in accentuated short‐term price fluctuations that compensate a limit order trader. Our empirical tests suggest that trading via limit orders dominates trading via market orders for market participants with relatively well balanced portfolios, and that placing a network of buy and sell limit orders as a pure trading strategy is profitable.
Measles virus receptors: SLAM and CD46 (2004)

The success of vaccination against measles in developed countries has significantly reduced the incidence of measles-related morbidity and mortality. However, measles is still the leading cause of mortality in children from underdeveloped countries due to low vaccination coverage, high transmissibility of the measles virus as well as primary and secondary vaccine failure. As with any viral disease, the identification of the host molecule to which the measles virus binds and gains entry into the host cell is a major step in understanding the molecular pathology of the disease. Two cell surface receptors, CD46 and signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), have been identified as measles virus receptors. CD46 is ubiquitously expressed on all nucleated cells and acts as a receptor for the Edmonston strain and all vaccine strains derived from it. SLAM is selectively expressed on some T and B cells and is utilised by the Edmonston strain and wild-type strains that cannot use CD46 for cell entry. Understanding the structural and functional variations in measles virus receptors with regard to host response can facilitate the development of new vaccines as well as provide new insights into measles virus tropism and pathogenesis and, importantly, into possible mechanisms for vaccine non-response. Our review focuses on the structure of measles virus receptors, measles virus receptor function, isoforms and polymorphic forms.
Large Perpendicular Exchange Bias in CoFeB/MgO Systems Pinned by a Bottom IrMn Layer via an Interfacial CoFe/Ta Composite Layer (2015)

CoFeB/MgO films with perpendicular magnetization pinned by an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer have been explored. CoFeB/MgO films directly grown on an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer exhibit insufficient perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) to overcome shape anisotropy. With a Ta dusting layer inserted into the CoFeB layer, perpendicular magnetization and perpendicular exchange bias (PEB) are simultaneously acquired in IrMn/CoFeB/MgO films. More significantly, when the CoFeB sublayer between IrMn and Ta is replaced by a thin CoFe layer, the PEB is drastically enhanced with large PMA sustained. Through optimizing the thicknesses of CoFe and Ta, a PEB field of about 540 Oe is achieved in the CoFeB films with an effective perpendicular anisotropy field of about 2.5 kOe. The present results suggest that the interfacial CoFe/Ta composite layer insertion paves the way to establish large PEB in the IrMn/CoFeB/MgO system.
Genotoxic effects of PAH containing sludge extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. (2003)

The effect may be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the samples as evidenced from GC-MS.
Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis - second, completely revised and enlarged edition - volume 3 (2008)

The sixth volume of the Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with the energy-related catalytic processes. The first Chapter (Perspectives in Oil Refining) contains an overview of the present situation in oil refining and analyses the main driving forces for the future evolution in this field. Catalyst improvements are expected to have a major impact on refining. Thus, better catalysts are needed for hydrogen production and reduction of the associated CO2. Hydrotreating/hydroconversion needs new catalysts with increased activity for heavy cuts and deep desulfurization of diesel oil. The hydrotreating process, representing the third largest catalyst business after exhaust gas catalysts and fluid cracking catalysts, is presented in Chapter 2. After an introduction, the most important hydrotreating reactions, hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrodechlorination (HDCl) are described. The mechanisms employed to explain these reactions are presented. Then, the synthesis of a hydrotreating catalyst, from its oxidic to its sulphidic form, through impragnation, drying, calcination and sulfidation steps, is presented. It is shown how, by using modern physical-chemical characterization methods, it is possible to asses which Mo, Ni (or Co) and P species are present in the impregnating solutions, which species adsorb on the support surface and how these species are converted through calcination and sulfidation in the catalytic active species. The relation between the catalyst structure and the reaction mechanisms is also explored. The structure of Mo and Ni (or Co) sites on the catalyst surface is correlated with the elementary steps in the reaction pathways. Finally, state-of-the-art processes and ...
Vinyl Polymerization by Organoboron Compounds.-Cocatalytic Action of Oxygen and Oxygen Compounds (1958)

トリアルキルホウ素は,ビニル化合物をよく重合させるが,このとき,ビニル基が電気的に,より正になっているような化合物ほど重合速度が大きい。また,トリアルキルホウ素触媒重合においては,酸素あるいは酸素化合物が顕著な助触媒作用をもっていることがわかった。なお,トリアルキルホウ素以外の各種の有機ホウ素化合物を別に合成し,これらの重合触媒能をしらべた結果,触媒活性はホウ素原子上の電子密度の大きさとだいたい平行的であるらしいという結論に達した。しかし,この重合の反応機構については未解の点が多く,なお詳細な研究を必要とする段階にある。
4D Electron Tomography (2010)

Electron tomography provides three-dimensional (3D) imaging of noncrystalline and crystalline equilibrium structures, as well as elemental volume composition, of materials and biological specimens, including those of viruses and cells. We report the development of 4D electron tomography by integrating the fourth dimension (time resolution) with the 3D spatial resolution obtained from a complete tilt series of 2D projections of an object. The different time frames of tomograms constitute a movie of the object in motion, thus enabling studies of nonequilibrium structures and transient processes. The method was demonstrated using carbon nanotubes of a bracelet-like ring structure for which 4D tomograms display different modes of motion, such as breathing and wiggling, with resonance frequencies up to 30 megahertz. Applications can now make use of the full space-time range with the nanometer-femtosecond resolution of ultrafast electron tomography.
Probabilistic Forecast of Real-Time LMP via Multiparametric Programming (2015)

The problem of short-term probabilistic forecast of real-time locational marginal price (LMP) is considered. A new forecast technique is proposed based on a multiparametric programming formulation that partitions the uncertainty parameter space into critical regions from which the conditional probability mass function of the real-time LMP is estimated using Monte Carlo techniques. The proposed methodology incorporates uncertainty models such as load and stochastic generation forecasts and system contingency models. With the use of offline computation of multiparametric linear programming, online computation cost is significantly reduced.