gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided Internal Jugular Venous Cannulation in Infants  (1999)

Ultrasonographic localization of the internal jugular vein was superior to the landmarks technique in terms of overall success, speed, and decreased incidence of carotid artery puncture.
Enhanced Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Activities and Abnormalities of High Density Lipoproteins in Familial Hypercholesterolemia (1992)

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein may play a role in the cholesteryl ester metabolism between high density lipoproteins (HDL) and apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. To investigate relationship between HDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in the development of atherosclerosis, the present study has focused on CETP activity in the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (GH). HDL-C and HDL-C/apo A-I mass ratio in heterozygous FH were lower than those in normolipidemic controls. There was a 2-fold increase in total CETP activity in incubated FH serum compared with normolipidemic controls. Assays for CETP activity in the lipoprotein deficient serum (d greater than 1.215 g/ml) were carried out by measuring the transfer of radioactive cholesteryl ester from HDL (1.125 less than d less than 1.21 g/ml) to LDL (1.019 less than d less than 1.060 g/ml). CETP activities in heterozygous FH (79 +/- 4 nmol/ml/h) was significantly higher than those in normolipidemic controls (54 +/- 6 nmol/ml/h). The increased total cholesteryl ester transfer mainly results from increased CETP activity in the d greater than 1.215 g/ml, possibly reflecting an increase in CETP mass in serum. Increased CETP activity in the d greater than 1.215 g/ml was correlated positively with IDL-cholesterol/triglyceride mass ratio (r = 0.496, p less than 0.01), and negatively with HDL-cholesterol/apo A-I mass ratio (r = -0.334, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that the enhanced CETP activities may contribute to increase risk for developing atherosclerosis in FH by changing the distribution of cholesteryl ester in serum lipoproteins.
Anti-schistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. (2005)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-schistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Six weeks post infection, mean percentage of protection was detected through the hepatic portal vein. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), alanine, aspartate transaminase (ALT and AST) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were detected in sera of treated mice before and after infection. Antischistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice were 12.81% and 31.60% respectively. The results showed that GST levels in sera of mice fed on colostral and mature camel milk were increased with mean values of 0.070, 0.108, 0.128 and 0.120 in colostral milk groups and 0. 072, 0.085, 0.166 and 0.20 in mature camel milk groups compared with the mice fed on basal diet with means values of 0.070, 0.085, 0.078 and 0.069 before infection and after two, four and six weeks of infection, respectively. On the other hand, there were slight differences on ALT and AST activities. Mice treated with colostral and mature milk (200 microl/day) showed an immunostimulatory effect by inducing IgG titers against soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) compared with control. Nevertheless, the difference was not considered significant (0.31 +/- 0.1) for colostrum (0.34 +/- 0.1) and for mature milk, as compared to normal control (0.2 +/- 0.04). Two, four and six weeks post infection, IgG level showed no significant change in sera from mice treated with colostral and mature milk as compared to control. In conclusion, colostral and mature camel milk showed an immuno-modualatory effect in normal healthy mice by inducing IgG and GST levels before and after infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Colostral and mature camel milk have a protective response against schistosomiasis.
Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation (2016)

Autologous SLET is an effective, reliable and replicable technique for long-lasting corneal regeneration and vision restoration in unilateral chronic ocular surface burns. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation is probably preferable to other techniques of limbal stem cell transplantation, particularly where cell cultivation facilities are unavailable.
Distance measurement by the wavelength shift of laser diode light (1986)

This paper proposes a method for measuring distance larger than the wavelength of light with an interferometer using a laser diode. This method uses the fact that the wavelength of the emitted light of a laser diode varies in proportion to the diode’s injection current. The phase difference between the two interfering beams varies due to the sinusoidal variation of wavelength. The variation of the phase difference is detected by the optical heterodyne method. The magnitude of the variation is proportional to the measuring distance and the light wavelength shift. If the wavelength shift is known, a distance larger than the wavelength can be obtained from measurement of the phase variation. This method is a kind of multiwavelength interferometry using a single light source. We have done some fundamental experiments with this method and have confirmed its applicability to practical applications.
Optimisation par algorithme génétique sous contraintes (1999)

Dans le cadre de la programmation logique par contraintes sur les domaines finis CLP(FD), nous proposons une nouvelle méthode d'optimisation reposant sur un algorithme génétique. L'idée de base est de faire manipuler par l'algorithme génétique des sous-domaines des variables du CSP. La population de l'algorithme génétique est ainsi constituée de chaînes de sous-domaines dont l'adaptation est calculée par la résolution des " sous-CSP " corres\-pondants qui sont plus simples que le problème original. Nous présentons des opérateurs de croisement et de mutation basiques puis spécifiques, dotés de divers degrés de robustesse. Les premières expérimentations de la méthode ont été menées sur des formulations CSP naïves du problème de tournées (VRP) et d'affectation de fréquences radio (RLFAP). Les résultats sont encourageants et la méthode est plus efficace que les techniques CLP(FD) ou les algorithmes génétiques seuls sur ces problèmes.
Selective single cell detachment and retrieval for downstream analyses using nanosecond laser pulses in cnt-coated microwell arrays (2015)

Cellular heterogeneity is one of the key hallmarks in cancer biology, but conventional dish-based assays only report the average behavior of many cells. Microfluidics can facilitate manipulating and monitoring of individual cells, yet it is difficult to retrieve a specific target single cell from an enclosed microfluidic chip. In this work, we have successfully developed a selective cell detachment and retrieval scheme with a spatial resolution of around 10μm. The retrieved cells were proved to be viable, and the detachment process has negligible effect on membrane proteins and mRNA expression, providing an ideal tools for the downstream analysis of target cells.
기원전 2-1세기 헬레니즘 교육의 유입과 로마 정부의 대응 (2003)

In this article I deliberated the political meaning of the Roman government`s responses to the spread of Hellenistic education in the 2-1 centuries B.C. The Romans, generally speaking, welcomed and accepted the Greek education. When Rome has changed from a small city-statc to a great world-wide state, the Romans recognized that they needed the Greek studies to live as a citizen and to rule the state. But the government`s official attitude to the Greek culture in second century B.C., was conservative. After the third hlacedonian war ended in 168 B.C. Greek culture flew into Rome abundantly and many Romans devoted themselves to it. Faced with this cultural shock, Roman government wanted to make clear their subjecthood. Many legislations of sumptuary laws and measures of expulsion of Greek teachers from the city appeared in the second century B.C. for that purpose. But considering the details of the laws, We can not think that the laws could have been executed effectively. The provisions were concerned with individual`s private life and were too minutely prescribed to be executed actually. In addition, even after the measures of expulsions, many Greek teachers worked still in the city and Roman citizens studied more zealously the Greek studies. Considering all of these facts, the real purpose of the policies which the Roman government took against the Greek culture in the first half of second century B.C., was not to reject Greek culture, but merely to emphasize national subjecthood openly. In the first century B.C. Hellenistic culture was now accepted by Romans so widely and naturally that they considered it as a part of their tradition coinciding with `mos maiorum`. Latin rhetoric school first appeared in the city of Rome early in the first century B.C. in such a circumstance. But the Romans were not yet prepared academically to teach and study rhetoric in Latin. Roman men of learning criticized the Latin rhetoric school for teaching students vulgar rhetoric skill. The censorial edict in 92 B.C. was proclaimed under the care. Thanks to Roman government`s such efforts, the Romans could accept the Greek studies soundly and with such a basis creat their own world-wide culture which could be equivalent to Greek culture. Young Cicero studied in such a educational circumstance. He became a great scholar and played an important role in creating Latinitas.
Optimal residual decoupling for robust fault diagnosis (1995)

his paper deals with residual generation for the diagnosis of faults in the presence of disturbances. The emphasis is on modelling errors, represented as multiplicative disturbances, and on parametric faults. These are both characterized as discrepancies in a set of underlying parameters. The residuals are obtained using parity equations. To address the situation when the number of uncertain parameters is too high to allow perfect decoupling, two approximate decoupling methods are introduced. One utilizes rank reduction of the model-error/fault entry matrix via singular value decomposition. The other minimizes a least squares performance index, formulated on the residuals, under a set of equality constraints. It is shown that, by the appropriate construction of the entry matrix or of the performance index and the constraints, a broad variety of structured and directional residual strategies can be implemented.
Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by <i>Thiobacillus denitrificans</i>: Desulfurization of natural gas (1987)

Abstract It has been demonstrated that Thiobacillus denitrificans may be readily cultivated anaerobically in batch reactors on H 2 S (g) under sulfide‐limiting conditions. Under these conditions sulfide concentrations in the culture medium were less than 1 μ M , resulting in very low concentrations of H 2 S in the reactor outlet gas. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined, and stable reactor operation was demonstrated at reactor loadings as high as 4–5 mmol H 2 S oxidized/h g biomass. Maximum loading was estimated at 5.4–7.6 mmol H 2 S/h g biomass under the conditions employed in this study. Indicators of reactor upset were determined and recovery from upset conditions demonstrated. Barotolerance of T. denitrificans to 12.5 MPa as well as a relative insensitivity to pressurization–depressurization cycles were also demonstrated. T. denitrificans was observed to be very sensitive to CH 3 SH but relatively tolerant of CS 2 , COS, and CH 3 SCH 3 .
Azacytidine impairs NK cell reactivity while decitabine augments NK cell responsiveness toward stimulation (2010)

Abstract Azacytidine and decitabine are approved for treatment of acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. While clinical responses are attributed to epigenetic effects and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells, these azanucleosides also affect antitumor immune responses. NK cells as components of innate immunity may confine development and progression of cancer. Numerous therapeutic strategies presently aim to reinforce NK reactivity against hematopoietic malignancies. We here comparatively analyzed the effect of the two clinically available azanucleosides and report that NK cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ production are significantly impaired by pharmacological concentrations of azacytidine but enhanced by decitabine. This was not due to alterations in the target cells but caused by direct effects on NK cells depending on the chemical modifications by which azanucleosides differ from their physiological analogues. Although azacytidine impaired mRNA synthesis and induced apoptosis in NK cells, decitabine did not per se alter NK cell viability or reactivity but enhanced responsiveness to activating stimuli by inducing transcription of genes involved in NK reactivity. Tantalizingly, these effects were independent of incorporation of the azanucleosides into DNA during cell division. While azacytidine impairs NK antitumor immunity, decitabine augments NK reactivity by yet unidentified mechanisms and may thus serve well in therapeutic strategies combining its effects on malignant cells with its ability to enhance NK functions.
Mechanistic investigations into the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of ketone enolates using the PHOX ligand architecture (2011)

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation has become a large and important field for chemical synthesis. Many methodologies in this field offer mild conditions under which challenging and important molecular features can be reliably synthesized, including chiral all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. As a result, palladium- catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation has found significant use in total synthesis, and growing use in industry. While the general process of palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation has been studied for decades, there have been a number of recent modifications and developments, such as asymmetric versions of decarboxylative allylic alkylation procedures that are not yet well understood. The development of future implementations and improvements to palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation and related methodologies is expected to be facilitated by a better understanding of these more recent developments, and thus further mechanistic investigation is warranted. Reported herein is a set of investigations into the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of ketone enolates using the PHOX ligand architecture. By monitoring the reaction via 31P NMR, a series of previously unidentified key intermediates is discovered. Two representatives of these key intermediates are isolated and characterized. The solution behavior of these species under reaction-like conditions is studied along with a few novel and related complexes. The role of these intermediates and their impact on the behavior of the reaction and product formation is discussed.	Previously confounding experimentally observed behavior for this methodology is rationalized via the properties elucidated for these discovered intermediates.
Neuropeptide Y Knockout Mice Reveal a Central Role of NPY in the Coordination of Bone Mass to Body Weight (2009)

Changes in whole body energy levels are closely linked to alterations in body weight and bone mass. Here, we show that hypothalamic signals contribute to the regulation of bone mass in a manner consistent with the central perception of energy status. Mice lacking neuropeptide Y (NPY), a well-known orexigenic factor whose hypothalamic expression is increased in fasting, have significantly increased bone mass in association with enhanced osteoblast activity and elevated expression of bone osteogenic transcription factors, Runx2 and Osterix. In contrast, wild type and NPY knockout (NPY (-/-)) mice in which NPY is specifically over expressed in the hypothalamus (AAV-NPY+) show a significant reduction in bone mass despite developing an obese phenotype. The AAV-NPY+ induced loss of bone mass is consistent with models known to mimic the central effects of fasting, which also show increased hypothalamic NPY levels. Thus these data indicate that, in addition to well characterized responses to body mass, skeletal tissue also responds to the perception of nutritional status by the hypothalamus independently of body weight. In addition, the reduction in bone mass by AAV NPY+ administration does not completely correct the high bone mass phenotype of NPY (-/-) mice, indicating the possibility that peripheral NPY may also be an important regulator of bone mass. Indeed, we demonstrate the expression of NPY specifically in osteoblasts. In conclusion, these data identifies NPY as a critical integrator of bone homeostatic signals; increasing bone mass during times of obesity when hypothalamic NPY expression levels are low and reducing bone formation to conserve energy under 'starving' conditions, when hypothalamic NPY expression levels are high.
Template-switching mechanism of a group II intron-encoded reverse transcriptase and its implications for biological function and RNA-Seq (2019)

The reverse transcriptases (RTs) encoded by mobile group II introns and other non-LTR retroelements differ from retroviral RTs in being able to template-switch efficiently from the 5' end of one template to the 3' end of another with little or no complementarity between the donor and acceptor templates. Here, to establish a complete kinetic framework for the reaction and to identify conditions that more efficiently capture acceptor RNAs or DNAs, we used a <u>t</u>hermostable <u>g</u>roup II <u>i</u>ntron <u>RT</u> (TGIRT; GsI-IIC RT) that can template switch directly from synthetic RNA template/DNA primer duplexes having either a blunt end or a 3'-DNA overhang end. We found that the rate and amplitude of template switching are optimal from starter duplexes with a single nucleotide 3'-DNA overhang complementary to the 3' nucleotide of the acceptor RNA, suggesting a role for nontemplated nucleotide addition of a complementary nucleotide to the 3' end of cDNAs synthesized from natural templates. Longer 3'-DNA overhangs progressively decreased the template-switching rate, even when complementary to the 3' end of the acceptor template. The reliance on only a single bp with the 3' nucleotide of the acceptor together with discrimination against mismatches and the high processivity of group II intron RTs enable synthesis of full-length DNA copies of nucleic acids beginning directly at their 3' end. We discuss the possible biological functions of the template-switching activity of group II intron- and other non-LTR retroelement-encoded RTs, as well as the optimization of this activity for adapter addition in RNA- and DNA-Seq protocols.
Einleitung (1986)

ZusammenfassungMultivariate statistische Analyseverfahren haben in den letzten Jahren einen gewaltigen Aufschwung erfahren. Mit ausschlaggebend für diese Entwicklung war die Verfügbarkeit benutzerfreundlicher EDV-Programme, die auch dem Forschungspraktiker die Anwendung komplexer statistischer Methoden erlaubte. Sie gehören mittlerweile zum Standardinstrumentarium der sozialwissenschaftlichen Methodenausbildung, wobei je nach Disziplin (bedingt durch die spezifischen Untersuchungsprobleme und Daten) eine gewisse Schwerpunktsetzung festzustellen ist: In der Psychologie sind dies, soweit es sich um experimentelle Designs handelt, vor allem varianz- und kovarianzanalytische Methoden; aber auch Regressions-und Faktorenanalyse sowie Verfahren multidimensionaler Skalierung werden angewendet. Methoden der Regressionsanalyse und ihrer Weiterentwicklungen (Zeitreihenanalyse, Mehrgleichungsmodelle) findet man vor allem in der Ökonomie, deren Daten in der Regel metrisches Skalenniveau besitzen und wo es darum geht, komplexe Variablenzusammenhänge aufzudecken, die in nicht-experimentellen Erhebungen (Felddaten) beobachtet wurden. Felddaten überwiegen auch in der Soziologie und der Politologie, jedoch besitzen die erhobenen Informationen häufig nicht das Meßniveau ökonomischer Daten. In diesen Disziplinen haben sich daher in den letzten Jahren vor allem Verfahren für nicht-metrische Daten durchgesetzt (multivariate Kreuztabellenanalyse).
Kalman filter based team navigation for Multiple Unmanned Marine Vehicles (2008)

In applications employing multiple unmanned marine vehicles (MUMVs), the navigation has a very great importance to guarantee formation preservation and collision avoidance. While single vehicles usually base their navigation on absolute measurements (GPS, inertial navigation) to determine their position relative to the world, it may be reasonable to perform a relative navigation within vehicle teams. In this paper, we propose relative team navigation based on Kalman Filters to enable a velocity controller to establish a close formation under the typical marine constraints (narrow band width communication with low reliability). We will simulate a team of three marine vehicles and compare the results of different strategies for team navigation.
Real-world Impact of Age at Diagnosis on Treatment Patterns and Survival Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2022)

This study highlights that older adults with mPDAC can benefit substantially by receiving appropriate levels of treatment.
Aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization using design of experiments theory and response surface modeling methods (1997)

) Design engineers often employ numerical optimization techniques to assist in the evaluation and comparison of new aircraft configurations. While the use of numerical optimization methods is largely successful, the presence of numerical noise in realistic engineering optimization problems often inhibits the use of many gradient-based optimization techniques. Numerical noise causes inaccurate gradient calculations which in turn slows or prevents convergence during optimization. The problems created by numerical noise are particularly acute in aircraft design applications where a single aerodynamic or structural analysis of a realistic aircraft configuration may require tens of CPU hours on a supercomputer. The computational expense of the analyses coupled with the convergence difficulties created by numerical noise are significant obstacles to performing aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization. To address these issues, a procedure has been developed to create two types of noise...
Inter-pixel capacitance in fully depleted silicon hybrid CMOS focal plane arrays (2007)

Inter-Pixel capacitance (IPC) is an effect that can occur in bump-bonded hybrid CMOS pixel arrays that employ a source follower pixel amplifier. IPC can result in the signal in one pixel being sensed by adjacent pixels that are capacitively coupled. IPC effect is more pronounced in full-depletion silicon hybrid CMOS focal plane arrays than infrared arrays because of the stronger coupling path through the silicon detector layer. IPC can degrade the image resolution and it can cause an overestimation of conversion gain (electrons per mV) determined from conventional photon-transfer method because the IPC "blur" reduces the variance of photon noise. However, the IPC effect can be minimized with improvements in pixel design, and the conversion gain can be properly calculated, and image resolution can be restored with deconvolution techniques. In this paper, we report the results of a recent effort to reduce IPC in Teledyne's visible silicon hybrid CMOS focal plane arrays through pixel design improvements.
Activation of Lung p53 by Nutlin-3a Prevents and Reverses Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension (2013)

Nutlin-3a may hold promise as a prosenescence treatment targeting PA-SMCs in PH.
Adaptive Bi‐Atrial Pacing Improves the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm (2007)

Bi-atrial pacing while used in conjunction with an adaptive pacing suppression algorithm (DAO) may successfully be used to inhibit PAF.