gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autologous stem cell transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is responsive to treatment with immunosuppressives and steroids, but often pursues a relapsing or refractory course resulting in increasing incapacity and reduced survival. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) following immunoablative chemotherapy is a newer therapy for autoimmune disease of potential use in severe SLE. A retrospective registry survey was carried out by the European Blood and Marrow Transplant and European League Against Rheumatism (EBMT/EULAR) registry. Data was collected from 53 patients with SLE treated by ASCT in 23 centres. Disease duration before ASCT was 59 (2-155) months (median, range), 44 (83%) were female, and median age was 29 (9-52) years. At the time of ASCT a median of seven American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria for SLE were present (range 2-10) and 33 (62%) had nephritis. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in 93% of cases. Ex vivo CD34 stem cell selection was performed in 42% of patients. Conditioning regimens employed cyclophosphamide in 84%, anti-thymocyte globulin in 76% and lymphoid irradiation in 22%. The mean duration of follow-up after ASCT was 26 (0-78) months. Remission of disease activity (SLEDAI < 3) was seen in 33/50 (66%; 95%CI 52-80) evaluable patients by six months, of which 10/31 (32%; 95%CI 15-50) subsequently relapsed after six (3-40) months. Relapse was associated with negative anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies before ASCT (P = 0.007). There were 12 deaths after 1.5 (0-48) months, of which seven (12%; 95%CI 3-21) were related to the procedure. Mortality was associated with a longer disease course before ASCT (P = 0.036). In conclusion, this registry study demonstrates the efficacy of ASCT for remission induction of refractory SLE, although mortality appeared high. The safety of this procedure is likely to be improved by patient selection and choice of conditioning regimen. The return of disease activity in one-third of patients might be reduced by long-term immunosuppressive therapy post-ASCT.
Exceptional Superionic Conductivity in Disordered Sodium Decahydro‐<i>closo</i>‐decaborate (2014)

Na2 B10 H10 exhibits exceptional superionic conductivity above ca. 360 K (e.g., ca. 0.01 S cm(-1) at 383 K) concomitant with its transition from an ordered monoclinic structure to a face-centered-cubic arrangement of orientationally disordered B10 H10 (2-) anions harboring a vacancy-rich Na(+) cation sublattice. This discovery represents a major advancement for solid-state Na(+) fast-ion conduction at technologically relevant device temperatures.
Functional properties of tumor-infiltrating and blood lymphocytes in patients with solid tumors: effects of tumor cells and their supernatants on proliferative responses of lymphocytes. (1986)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were obtained from 22 humans with solid tumors. In three cases only, one colon and two lung carcinomas, TIL which contained from 3 to 10% of T cells expressing the interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R) were obtained, and these proliferated in the presence of exogenous IL 2. In most TIL preparations, however, the T lymphocytes did not express the IL 2R and failed to proliferate in response to IL 2. In contrast, TIL were able to proliferate in response to irradiated allogeneic spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. Proliferative responses of autologous PBL were not inhibited by the addition of TIL. In most tumors, the TIL showed no response or had significantly lower (p less than 0.01) responses to PHA, Con A, and the phorbol ester TPA than did autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). A limiting-dilution microculture system which allows clonal growth of every T cell was used to demonstrate decreased responses of the TIL to PHA at a single-cell level. In contrast to normal PBL-T with proliferating frequencies from 0.46 to 1.0, those for T cells in three TIL preparations were zero, 0.005, and 0.01. Normal PBL exposed in vitro to tumor cells or their supernatants lost the ability to respond to mitogens and to clone normally (e.g., proliferating frequency of 0.147 vs 0.863 in control). The TIL isolated from solid tumors resemble normal PBL exposed in vitro to tumor cells or their supernatants in terms of decreased responses to mitogens and poor clonogenicity in the PHA-dependent microculture system. It is possible that tumor cells may inhibit certain functions of the TIL in human solid tumors.
Physiological activities of S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)glutathione as an intrinsic tripeptide present in liver, heart and lens. (1992)

S-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)glutathione (DCE-GS, CAS 1115-52-2) found in rat liver, heart and lens in considerable amounts, showed an anti-inflammatory effect, which was evaluated by testing the inhibition of the experimental conjunctival edema of rats. An intravenous injection (3 mg/kg) prior to the carrageenan injection prevented the conjunctive edema formation by up to 30%. This peptide also inhibited the histamine release from rat mast cells induced by the compound 48/80. The peptide was added to the mast cells before addition of the compound 48/80 and an inhibition of the histamine release up to 96% at a 1 mmol/l concentration occurred. Furthermore, it displayed an antianaphylactic effect in rats using antibody against chicken egg albumin. An injection of the peptide (30 mg/kg) prior to the antigen administration inhibited color deposition up to 43%. Analogues or derivatives of DCE-GS were synthesized and tested for those inhibitory activities. However, there was no other peptide having stronger effects than DCE-GS and little structure-activity relationship among them.
Study on the inhibiting effect of TanshinoneI on HepG2 cell line in vitro (2004)

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of TanshinoneⅠ by HepG2 cell line in vitro. Methods The human hepatoma cell (HepG2) was cultured in medium containing serial concentration of TanshinoneⅠ for 72 hours. Then the growth rate and the morphological change were analysed. Cell apoptosis percentage and cell cycle phase distribution were measured by flow cytometrice assay. The expression of proliferation and apoptosis associated proteins of bax,bcl?2 gene in HepG2 cell were determined by using immunocytochemistry. Results TanshinoneⅠ inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cell. The cell cycle was arrested in G 0/G 1 phase and apoptosis was induced. The onset of apoptosis was related to the up-regulation of bax and down-regulation of bcl?2 in protein level(P0.01). Conclusion These studies suggest that TanshinoneⅠ have anti-tumor effect and one of the mechanisms is inducing cell apoptosis.
Effect of the GABA<sub>A</sub>agonist gaboxadol on nocturnal sleep and hormone secretion in healthy elderly subjects (2001)

Aging is associated with a dramatic decrease in sleep intensity and continuity. The selective GABA(A) receptor agonist gaboxadol has been shown to increase non-REM sleep and the duration of the non-REM episodes in rats and sleep efficiency in young subjects and to enhance low-frequency activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) within non-REM sleep in both rats and humans. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the influence of an oral dose of 15 mg of gaboxadol on nocturnal sleep and hormone secretion (ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone) in 10 healthy elderly subjects (6 women). Compared with placebo, gaboxadol did not affect endocrine activity but significantly reduced perceived sleep latency, elevated self-estimated total sleep time, and increased sleep efficiency by decreasing intermittent wakefulness and powerfully augmented low-frequency activity in the EEG within non-REM sleep. These findings indicate that gaboxadol is able to increase sleep consolidation and non-REM sleep intensity, without disrupting REM sleep, in elderly individuals and that these effects are not mediated by a modulation of hormone secretion.
Two‐dimensional spreading scheme employing 2D orthogonal variable spreading factor codes for orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing systems (2013)

Future 4G systems require transmission of richer multimedia services which inevitably implies an increase in data rate. Orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) technique has shown promising results in achieving a high data rate while simultaneously combating multipath fading. OFCDM is an amalgamation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and two‐dimensional (2D) spreading. 2D spreading helps to achieve diversity gains in both time and frequency domains. The present OFCDM systems employ 1D orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes to achieve the required 2D spreading in code multiplexed channels. However, 2D OVSF codes have better correlation properties in comparison to 1D OVSF codes. Motivated by this principle, the authors propose a spreading scheme for OFCDM systems using 2D OVSF codes. The spreading scheme is designed to increase the system throughput and reduce multi‐code interference. Here, the authors study the OFCDM system performance using the proposed spreading scheme in a multipath fast fading channel with varying spreading factors in both time and frequency domains. The results are compared with the existing OFCDM systems using 1D OVSF codes.
The oral HDAC inhibitor pracinostat (SB939) is efficacious and synergistic with the JAK2 inhibitor pacritinib (SB1518) in preclinical models of AML (2012)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is currently treated with aggressive chemotherapy that is not well tolerated in many elderly patients, hence the unmet medical need for effective therapies with less toxicity and better tolerability. Inhibitors of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), JAK2 and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been tested in clinical studies, but showed only moderate single-agent activity. High efficacy of the HDACi pracinostat treating AML and synergy with the JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor pacritinib is demonstrated. Both compounds inhibit JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in AML cells with JAK2(V617F) mutations, but also diminish FLT3 signaling, particularly in FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication) cell lines. In vitro, this combination led to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The synergy translated in vivo in two different AML models, the SET-2 megakaryoblastic AML mouse model carrying a JAK2(V617F) mutation, and the MOLM-13 model of FLT3-ITD-driven AML. Pracinostat and pacritinib in combination showed synergy on tumor growth, reduction of metastases and synergistically decreased JAK2 or FLT signaling, depending on the cellular context. In addition, several plasma cytokines/growth factors/chemokines triggered by the tumor growth were normalized, providing a rationale for combination therapy with an HDACi and a JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor for the treatment of AML patients, particularly those with FLT3 or JAK2 mutations.
Recent advances in processing of ZnO (2004)

A review is given of recent results in developing improved fabrication processes for ZnO devices with the possible application to UV light emitters, spin functional devices, gas sensors, transparent electronics, and surface acoustic wave devices. There is also interest in integrating ZnO with other wide band-gap semiconductors, such as the AlInGaN system. In this article, we summarize recent progress in controlling n- and p-type doping, materials processing methods, such as ion implantation for doping or isolation, Ohmic and Schottky contact formation, plasma etching, the role of hydrogen in the background n-type conductivity of many ZnO films, and finally, the recent achievement of room-temperature ferromagnetism in transition-metal (Mn or Co)-doped ZnO. This may lead to another class of spintronic devices, in which the spin of the carriers is exploited rather than the charge as in more conventional structures.
Privacy Protection Among Drivers in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Networks (2007)

The privacy of future drivers will dispute with the evolvement of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication networks. V2V networks are a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Future vehicles will collaborate for safe and efficient driving using wireless communications. Vehicles will exchange safety-critical information without a control from a centralized basestation or infrastructure. However, a centralized infrastructure, presented as a management entity or a certificate authority (CA), is necessary to establish and provide trust and secure communication protocols among drivers. This can be achieved using the public key infrastructure (PKI) and digital certificates. The CA provides a unique certificate for each driver. The disadvantage of unique certificates is that the identity of drivers can be revealed to other drivers, and the movements and locations the drivers visit can also be traced by other drivers. In this paper, we present an approach to provide privacy among drivers in V2V communication networks. Our approach is based on the concept of group signatures. Drivers, who are members of V2V networks, are organized into groups. Each group has a public key. Members of a group share their group's public key. In addition, each member has its own private key provided by the CA. In our proposed solution, we achieve privacy by allowing members to generate and change their own set of public keys frequently using the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). In our approach the CA is not required to authenticate the frequently generated public keys, and hence vehicles exchange the safety- critical information without requiring a control from the CA. When a group member changes its own public keys, it is hard to trace the movements and locations that member visits. A group member signs messages using the shared group public key, its own private key, and its own frequently-changed public keys. The recipients of a signed message can verify the correctness of the signature without identifying the signer. In case of a dispute and malicious activities, the identity of the member who signed the disputed message can be revealed only by the CA.
Improving slant-range resolution with multiple SAR surveys (1993)

Across-track resolution of a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is limited by power and data rate constraints. The authors derive and discuss a new technique for increasing the across-track resolution of objects that do not change with time, using multiple surveys of the same area from different off-nadir angles. Precise information on the spaceborne trajectories are not requested since they can be derived from SAR interferometry. Simulated data show that theoretical derivations are in good agreement with practice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relaying a Three Phase Transmission Line with a Digital Computer (1971)

The paper describes a digital computer programme for the protection of a three-phase transmission line. This programme detects the presence of a disturbance, classifies the fault into one of six fault types and, using a method of impedance calculation described in an earlier paper, determines the modulus and phase of the impedance of the faulted line. Accuracy of calculation and reliability of detection are determined from fault data for a model transmission line.
Glucose Transporter Levels in Tissues of Spontaneously Diabetic Zucker <i>fa</i>/<i>fa</i> Rat (ZDF/drt) and Viable Yellow Mouse (<i>Avy</i>/<i>a</i>) (1992)

We used antibodies to the fat/muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4) and the liver glucose transporter (GLUT2) to measure levels of these proteins in various tissues of two rodent models of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus: the obese spontaneously diabetic male Zucker fa/fa rat (ZDF/drt) and the male viable yellow Avy/a obese diabetic mouse. The ZDF/drt strain generally develops overt diabetes associated with decreased plasma insulin levels. Depending on the age of the animals, the ZDF/drt rats can be arbitrarily segregated into age-matched obese, mildly diabetic (blood glucose less than 11 mM) and obese, and severely diabetic (blood glucose greater than 20 mM) groups. Avy/a mice are comparably hyperglycemic but unlike the ZDF/drt rats are severely hyperinsulinemic. In both groups of diabetic animals, GLUT4 in adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle was reduced 25-55%, and GLUT2 in liver was increased 30-40%, relative to lean, age-matched controls. However, when the mildly diabetic ZDF/drt rats were compared to the lean controls, the only significant difference was a 25% reduction of GLUT4 in heart. Within all of the ZDF/drt rats (excluding the lean controls), GLUT2 in liver and GLUT4 in adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle correlated significantly with glycemia. These data suggest that, in these two models of type II diabetes, glucose transporter levels in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver are regulated in a tissue-selective manner in response to changes in insulin and glucose. Furthermore, at least in the ZDF/drt rat, alterations in GLUT2 and/or GLUT4 protein levels appear not to be associated with obesity per se but appear to be secondary to the severely diabetic state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bio-Medical Telemetry: Sensing and Transmitting Biological Information from Animals and Man (1968)

Bio-Medical Telemetry: Sensing and Transmitting Biological Information from Animals and Man, Second Edition This second edition of the classic Mackay text provides scientists with the necessary tools for studying animal or human subjects without interfering with normal behavior patterns. It presents engineers, scientists, and physicians with critical information about the possibilities and limitations of telemetering methods so that these may be incorporated intelligently into many fields. With substantial coverage of transducers and physiological measurements, Bio-Medical Telemetry gives biologists the necessary background in electronics to enable them to choose equipment wisely and to recognize proper performance. You'll find especially valuable and current information on: . Ultrasonic radio methods for telemetering. Satellite tracking. Underwater methods of tracking In addition, Mackay describes the development and application of the first swallowable radio transmitter which can be telemetered as it travels along the GI tract. Medical practitioners and biologists alike will find this book an invaluable introduction to the applications of bio-medical telemetry. Of great value to the bio-medical engineer as well as any reader curious about the subject, this volume describes the workings of the human nervous system as seen through the eyes of an engineer. With a broad scope and inviting writing style, it provides a fascinating alternative to the unwieldy sources written by life scientists
Cause and Management of Hydrocele: A Review Article (2016)

Abnormal collection of serous fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis is termed as hydrocele. It is the commonest reason for painless scrotal swelling and affects about 1% of men, mostly above forty years of age, and 4.7% neonates. Normally it is idiopathic in origin, yet infection, variococelectomy, inguinal surgery, a patent processus vaginalis and trauma are linked with its consequent expansion.The diagnosis is usually clinical. Taking a thoroughhistory is essential to rule out any fluctuation in size, which is an indication of a patent processus vaginalis. Hydroceles can be treated through surgical resection with an inguinal method, a combination of thrombolytic therapy, catheter drainage and subsequent alcohol ablation, or through sclerotherapy and aspiration.
Pyrimidines. Part VIII. Halogeno- and hydrazino-pyrimidines (1955)

J. Chesterfield, J. F. W. McOmie and E. R. Sayer, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 3478 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550003478
Soluplus-coated colloidal silica nanomatrix system for enhanced supersaturation and oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs (2013)

In this study, a Soluplus-coated colloidal silica nanomatrix (SCCSN) formulation for the entrapment of poorly water-soluble drugs was devised. The maximum supersaturation of the drug-loaded nanomatrix was higher than that of a physical mixture as indicated by the results of in vitro kinetic solubility studies. For atorvastatin calcium, dutasteride, and sorafenib tosylate, there were 2.8-, 326-, and 46.4-fold increases in solubility, respectively. For dutasteride, a promising 4.7-fold increase for in vivo oral drug absorption in the entrapped nanomatrix was observed as compared to the free physical mixture, supported by statistical significance testing of pharmacokinetic parameters.
Consistence preserving model merge in collaborative development processes (2008)

Specification by models plays a decisive role, during the development process of complex systems. The division and concurrency of labor in teams is a further characteristic of such development. Therefore an efficient configuration and variant management of resulting documents is essential. In practice, a lot of established configuration management systems like CVS and Subversion are available which provide a text based merge. Unfortunately these systems are inappropriate for the management of models because they ignore the syntactic and semantic structure which is specified by the associated meta-models. Especially during the merge of model versions the mentioned systems fails at the generation of a meta-model consistent model. In this paper a proposal is presented which is enabled to merge model versions in a model based, collaborative development process. Furthermore meta-model independent methods for consistent-receiving model merging are explained.
Molecular cloning of translocation breakpoints in a case of constitutional translocation t(11;22)(q23;q11) and preparation of probes for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (1999)

In vitro fertilization (IVF) centres with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) programmes are often confronted with the problem of identifying chromosomal abnormalities in interphase cells biopsied from preimplantation embryos of carriers of a reciprocal translocation. The present authors have developed a DNA testing based approach to analyse embryos from translocation carriers, and this report describes breakpoint-spanning probes to detect abnormalities in cases of the most common human translocation (i.e. the t(11;22)(q23;q11)). Screening a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library for probes covering the respective breakpoint regions in the patient lead to probes for the breakpoint on chromosome 11q23. The physically mapped YAC and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from chromosome 22 were then integrated with the cytogenetic map, which allowed localization of the breakpoint on chromosome 22q11 to an interval of less than 84 kb between markers D22S184 and KI457 and to prepare probes suitable for interphase cell analysis. In summary, breakpoint localization could be accomplished in about 4 weeks with additional time needed to optimize probes for use in PGD.
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays: Reconfigurable Logic for Rapid Prototyping and Implementation of Digital Systems (1995)

System Implementation Strategies. Review of Logic Design and Electrical Aspects. Introduction to FPGA Architecture. Design Process Flows and Software Tools. Case Studies. Computational Applications. Business Development. Recent Developments. Afterword. Glossary. Index.