gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of muscle fatty acid profiles and cholesterol concentrations of bison, beef cattle, elk, and chicken1 (2002)

The objective of this study was to compare fatty acid weight percentages and cholesterol concentrations of longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST), and supraspinatus (SS) muscles (n = 10 for each) of range bison (31 mo of age), feedlot-finished bison (18 mo of age), range beef cows (4 to 7 yr of age), feedlot steers (18 mo of age), free-ranging cow elk (3 to 5 yr of age), and chicken breast. Lipids were analyzed by capillary GLC. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were greater (P < 0.01) in range bison than in feedlot bison and were greater (P < 0.01) in SS of range beef cattle than in feedlot steers. Muscles of elk and range bison were similar (P > 0.05) in SAT. In LD, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest (P < 0.01) for elk and range bison and lowest (P < 0.01) for feedlot steers within each muscle. Range bison and range beef cows had greater (P < 0.01) PUFA in LD and ST than feedlot bison or steers, respectively. Range-fed animals had higher (P < 0.01) n-3 fatty acids than feedlot-fed animals or chicken breast. Chicken breast n-6 fatty acids were greater (P < 0.01) than for muscles from bison, beef, or elk. Elk had higher (P < 0.01) n-6 fatty acids than bison or beef cattle; however, range-fed animals had higher (P < 0.01) n-6 fatty acids than feedlot-fed animals in ST. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 18:2cis-9, trans-11) in LD was greatest (P < 0.01) for range beef cows (0.4%), and lowest for chicken breast and elk (mean = 0.1%). In ST, CLA was greatest (P < 0.01) for range and feedlot bison and range beef cows (mean = 0.4%) and lowest for elk and chicken breast (mean = 0.1%). Also, SS CLA was greatest (P < 0.01) for range beef cows (0.5%) and lowest for chicken breast (0.1%). Mean total fatty acid concentration (g/100 g tissue) for all muscles was highest (P < 0.01) for feedlot bison and feedlot cattle and lowest (P < 0.01) for range bison, range beef cows, elk, and chicken. Chicken breast cholesterol (mg/100 g tissue) was higher (P < 0.01) than LD and ST cholesterol, which were lowest (P < 0.01; 43.8) for range bison and intermediate for the other species. Cholesterol in SS was highest (P < 0.01) for feedlot bison and steers, which were similar to chicken breast (mean = 61.2 vs 52.8 for the mean of the other species). We conclude that lipid composition of bison muscle varies with feeding regimen, and range-fed bison had muscle lipid composition similar to that of forage-fed beef cows and wild elk.
Characterization of antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of SIV replication (1996)

Antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of HIV showed mixed success in previous experiments. In order to elucidate the parameters influencing the efficacy of an antisense RNA approach, retroviral vectors encoding 4.5 kb, 3.5 kb, or 2.5 kb antisense RNA of the gag-pol region of SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) were constructed and used to transduce a CD4-positive CEM174 cell line. The growth rate of transduced cells was measured, and results showed that antisense RNAs have no detrimental effect on cell growth. Similar levels of antisense RNA expression were observed in all transduced cells by Northern analysis. The transduced cells were challenged with uncloned SIVmac239 at a m.o.i. (multiplicity of infection) of 1.0, 0.1, or 0.01. At a m.o.i. of 1.0 or 0.1, no significant inhibition of viral replication was observed in any antisense construct transduced cells up to 9 days postinfection. At a lower m.o.i. (0.01), viral replication was effectively inhibited in 3.5 kb antisense transduced cells as compared to 4.5 kb and 2.5 kb antisense transduced cells at 15 days postinfection. These data suggest that the size of antisense RNA and the challenge dose play a significant role in achieving effective inhibition.
Model aggregation for hierarchical control synthesis of discrete event systems (2002)

A model aggregation approach is developed for discrete event systems described by condition/event automata, a class of condition/event systems. It is based on input-output equivalence of the systems. With the approach, a higher level model of a plant in the hierarchical control synthesis of discrete event systems can be derived from a lower level model by hiding insignificant states and events while keeping the input-output behaviour of the plant invariant in view of the higher level.
Man-Amplifying Exoskeleton (1990)

This paper describes a design for a man-amplifying exoskeleton, an electrically powered, articulated frame worn by an operator. The design features modular construction and employ anthropomorphic pitch-yaw joints for arms and legs. These singularity-free designs offer a significant advancement over simple pivot-type joints used in older designs. Twenty-six degrees-of-freedom excluding the hands gives the Man-Amplifier its unique dexterity. A five hundred-pound load capacity is engineered for a diverse range of tasks. Potential applications in emergency rescue work, restoring functionality to the handicapped, and military applications ranging from material handling to an elite fighting core are discussed. A bibliography concludes this paper.
Identification and role of ionizing functional groups at the active center of <i>Rhodotorula gracilis</i><scp>D</scp>‐amino acid oxidase (2001)

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a flavoprotein oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of amino acids and produces ketoacids and H(2)O(2). The rate of product release from reduced DAAO from Rhodotorula gracilis is pH dependent and reflects a pK(a) of approximately 9.3. Binding of benzoate and 3,3,3-trifluoro-D-alanine to wild-type and Y238F-DAAO is also pH dependent (pK(a)=9.8+/-0.1 and 9.05+/-0.1, respectively for benzoate binding). However, binding of benzoate to Y223F-DAAO is pH independent, indicating the pK(a) is due to Y223-OH. This latter residue is thus involved in substrate binding, and probably is the group that governs product release. In contrast to this, the second active site tyrosine, Y238, has little influence on ligand binding.
A Rac/Cdc42 exchange factor complex promotes formation of lateral filopodia and blood vessel lumen morphogenesis (2015)

During angiogenesis, Rho-GTPases influence endothelial cell migration and cell-cell adhesion; however it is not known whether they control formation of vessel lumens, which are essential for blood flow. Here, using an organotypic system that recapitulates distinct stages of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis, we show that lumen formation requires early cytoskeletal remodelling and lateral cell-cell contacts, mediated through the RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) DOCK4 (dedicator of cytokinesis 4). DOCK4 signalling is necessary for lateral filopodial protrusions and tubule remodelling prior to lumen formation, whereas proximal, tip filopodia persist in the absence of DOCK4. VEGF-dependent Rac activation via DOCK4 is necessary for CDC42 activation to signal filopodia formation and depends on the activation of RHOG through the RHOG GEF, SGEF. VEGF promotes interaction of DOCK4 with the CDC42 GEF DOCK9. These studies identify a novel Rho-family GTPase activation cascade for the formation of endothelial cell filopodial protrusions necessary for tubule remodelling, thereby influencing subsequent stages of lumen morphogenesis.
Networking technology and DIS (1995)

For wide-area networking of distributed interactive simulation (DIS) a real-time, resource-reserving, multicast network with appropriate encryption is required. Latency and data volume requirements are described. Standards for DIS communications and their impact on network traffic are explained. Evolutionary history is traced for the current network serving these needs, the Defense Simulation Internet. The most likely path for future expansion of DIS networking uses emerging commercial technologies such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and Internet protocol multicast (IPmc) with resource reservation. The architecture and issues for an ATM network meeting future DIS requirements is described; areas of active research such as compression and multicast grouping are explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polarity of Ionic Liquids (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High performance silicon accelerometers with charge controlled rebalance electronics (2002)

A charge-controlled, force rebalanced accelerometer loop is described, along with its advantages over prior voltage-controlled forcing methods. First generation silicon accelerometers incorporating charge-controlled electronics are performing well in current production systems. A new all silicon accelerometer chip is being developed for higher accuracy applications.
Automated tool for the detection of cell nuclei in digital microscopic images: application to retinal images. (2006)

The proposed method is simple and reliable. It also has widespread applicability to a variety of sample preparation and imaging methods. Our approach will be immediately useful in quantifying cell number in large sets of digital micrographs and from high-throughput imaging. The tool is available as a plug-in for Image J.
Content matching for short duration speaker recognition (2014)

This work attempts to tackle the problem of content mismatch for short duration speaker verification. Experiments are run on both text-dependent and text-independent protocols, where a larger amount of enrollment data is available in the latter. We recently proposed a framework based on a deep neural network that explicitly utilizes phonetic information, and showed increased performance on long duration utterances. We show how this new framework can also yield significant improvements for short duration. We then propose an innovative approach to perform content matching, i.e. transforming a textindependent trial into a text-dependent one by mining content from a speaker’s enrollment data to match the test utterance. We show how content matching can be effectively done at the statistics level to enable the use of standard verification backends. Experiments – run on the RSR2015 and NIST SRE 2010 data sets – show relative improvements of 50% for cases where the content has been said during enrollment. While no significant improvements were observed for the general text-independent case, we believe that this work might pave the way for new research for speaker verification with very short utterances.
Molecular Analysis of Carbohydrate−Antibody Interactions: Case Study Using a <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Tetrasaccharide (2010)

The process for selecting potent and effective carbohydrate antigens is not well-established. A combination of synthetic glycan microarray screening, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy was used to dissect the antibody-binding surface of a carbohydrate antigen, revealing crucial binding elements with atomic-level detail. This analysis takes the first step toward uncovering the rules for structure-based design of carbohydrate antigens.
Effective sign extension elimination for java (2006)

Computer designs are shifting from 32-bit architectures to 64-bit architectures, while most of the programs available today are still designed for 32-bit architectures. Java, for example, specifies the frequently used “int” as a 32-bit signed integer. If such Java programs are executed on a 64-bit architecture, many 32-bit signed integers must be sign-extended to 64-bit signed integers for correct operations. This causes serious performance overhead. In this article, we present a fast and effective algorithm for eliminating sign extensions. We implemented this algorithm in the IBM Java Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler for IA-64. Our experimental results show that our algorithm effectively eliminates the majority of sign extensions. They also show that it improves performance by 6.9% for jBYTEmark and 3.3% for SPECjvm98 over the previously known best algorithm, while it increases JIT compilation time by only 0.11%.
p H sensor using AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors with Sc2O3 in the gate region (2007)

Ungated AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) exhibit large changes in current upon exposing the gate region to polar liquids. The polar nature of the electrolyte introduced leds to a change of surface charges, producing a change in surface potential at the semiconductor/liquid interface. The use of Sc2O3 gate dielectric produced superior results to either a native oxide or UV ozone-induced oxide in the gate region. The ungated HEMTs with Sc2O3 in the gate region exhibited a linear change in current between pH 3 and 10 of 37μA∕pH. The HEMT pH sensors show stable operation with a resolution of &lt;0.1pH over the entire pH range. The results indicate that the HEMTs may have application in monitoring pH solution changes between 7 and 8, the range of interest for testing human blood.
Real-time self-learning for control law adaptation in nonlinear systems using encoded check states (2017)

With the wide proliferation of autonomous sense-and-control real-time systems (such as robots and self-driven cars), a key research objective is rapid recovery from the effects of anomalies and impairments arising from performance degradation of sensors and actuators and electro-mechanical subsystems due to field wear and tear. This must be achieved with minimal impact on system performance while maintaining low implementation overhead and high coverage of multi-parameter failure mechanisms. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning framework for on-line control law adaptation in autonomous nonlinear systems assisted by system state encodings. These encodings are exploited to generate time-varying error signals whose (transient) waveforms in relation to the input stimulus, contain root-cause diagnostic information. This establishes a statistical correlation between the transient waveforms and the parameters of the optimal nonlinear controller under arbitrary multi-parameter perturbations of sensor/actuator and subsystem performances. Consequently this correlation is tapped, using pre-deployment supervised learning algorithms, to predict near-optimal controller parameter values whenever sufficiently large parameter deviations are detected (due to non-zero error signals). From these near-optimal starting conditions, an actor-critic reinforcement learning controller for nonlinear systems quickly converges to the optimal control law for the parameter-perturbed system (up to 10× faster than for systems not assisted by the diagnostic information provided by the state encoding driven error signal above). We implement the proposed methodology on two nonlinear systems demonstrating fast performance recovery in real time.
Comparison of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Opening in Healthy Asymptomatic Young and Elderly Volunteers (1999)

Deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening (UES) in the elderly has been incompletely studied. Our aim was to determine in the elderly the temporal and dimensional characteristics of deglutitive UES opening; anterior and superior hyoid and laryngeal excursions as measures of distracting forces imparted on the UES; and hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure (IBP). Fourteen healthy elderly and 14 healthy young volunteers were studied by concurrent videofluoroscopy and hypopharyngeal manometry during swallowing of 5- and 10-mL barium boluses. The anteroposterior UES diameter, as well as the anterior hyoid bone and laryngeal excursion, was significantly smaller in the elderly compared to the young (p < .05) for 5-mL barium boluses, but not for 10-mL boluses. The lateral diameter of UES opening was similar between groups for all boluses. The IBP for 5- and 10-mL swallows in the elderly was significantly higher than that in the young (p < .05). We conclude that anteroposterior deglutitive UES opening and hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage anterior excursion are reduced in the elderly. These changes are associated with increased IBP, suggesting a higher pharyngeal outflow resistance in the elderly compared to the young.
Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Thiophene with Mixed Acetic Anhydrides<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel—Crafts Acylation of Thiophene with Mixed Acetic Anhydrides1aW. R. Edwards Jr. and Robert J. Eckert Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 4, 1283–1285Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01342a508https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01342a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tenidap modulates cytoplasmic pH and inhibits anion transport in vitro. II. Inhibition of IL-1 <i>beta</i> production from ATP-treated monocytes and macrophages. (1994)

IL-1 beta is an important inflammatory mediator produced by monocytes and macrophages after LPS stimulation. In the absence of a secondary stimulus, however, little IL-1 beta is released into the medium. Previously, ATP was shown to promote the release and proteolytic maturation of IL-1 beta from LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Tenidap, a new anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic agent, inhibited the release and maturation of IL-1 beta induced in vitro by ATP treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages. Tenidap's inhibitory activity was mimicked by other agents that blocked anion transport, such as UK5099 and DIDS. In contrast, cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as piroxicam and naproxen, did not impair ATP-induced post-translational processing. Human monocytes responded to LPS to produce IL-1 beta, but externalized little of their newly synthesized cytokine. ATP at concentrations > or = 2 mM promoted IL-1 beta release from these cells. The degree to which the released cytokine was proteolytically processed to its biologically active 17-kDa species, however, depended on the pH of the medium; a greater processing efficiency was observed at slightly acidic (pH 6.9) values. Tenidap and other anion transport inhibitors effectively prevented the ATP response of cultured human monocytes. Likewise, LPS-stimulated human alveolar macrophages responded to ATP by releasing 17-kDa IL-1 beta, and tenidap inhibited this response. The ATP-induced release and maturation of IL-1 beta from human monocytes and macrophages, therefore, was suppressed by anion transport inhibitors, suggesting that anion conductance is a necessary component of the ATP-promoted externalization mechanism. In view of IL-1's importance as an inflammatory mediator, tenidap may demonstrate novel anti-inflammatory activities by virtue of its inhibition of the post-translational release and maturation of this cytokine.
Superelectrophiles in Aromatic Polymer Chemistry (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteSuperelectrophiles in Aromatic Polymer ChemistryHoward M. Colquhoun, Mikhail G. Zolotukhin, Leonard M. Khalilov, and Usein M. DzhemilevView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT U.K. Institute of Oil Chemistry and Catalysis, Prospekt Oktyabrya 141, Ufa 450054, Russia Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 4, 1122–1124Publication Date (Web):January 19, 2001Publication History Received12 September 2000Published online19 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma001579ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma001579obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1095Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Condensation,Monomers,Polymers,Reaction mechanisms Get e-Alerts
Identification of a region within the Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit that contributes to differential ouabain sensitivity. (1989)

To analyze determinants within the Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit that contribute to differential ouabain sensitivity, we constructed and expressed a panel of chimeric cDNA molecules between ouabain-resistant and ouabain-sensitive alpha subunit cDNAs. When introduced into ouabain-sensitive monkey CV-1 cells, ouabain-resistant rat alpha 1 subunit cDNA and chimeras in which the 5' end of ouabain-sensitive human alpha 1 or rat alpha 2 subunit cDNA was replaced by the 5' end of rat alpha 1 subunit cDNA conferred resistance to 100 microM ouabain. Monkey cells transfected with the reciprocal chimeras were unable to survive selection in 1 microM ouabain. Rat alpha 2 subunit cDNA and a chimera in which the 5' end of rat alpha 1 subunit cDNA was replaced by the 5' end of rat alpha 2 subunit cDNA conferred resistance to 0.5 microM ouabain. These results suggest that determinants of ouabain resistance reside within the amino-terminal portions of the rat alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits. Expression of chimeric alpha subunit cDNAs should prove useful for elucidating the structural basis of Na,K-ATPase function.