gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Friction Factor Model and Interpretation of Real Time Data (2013)

The interest in torque and drag issues has over the last years increased when the complexity of wells drilled has become higher. The petroleum industry continually expands the extended reach drilling envelope, which forces the industry to find new methods and tools to better interpret friction because of the central role it has in achieving successful wells. The importance of model friction is further elaborated in chapter 2.Present report contains an investigation of the theory in Aadnoy`s friction model in terms of possibilities and limitations. The theory has been used as foundation to build an Excel calculation tool to model friction. To study the model, three field cases have been applied with the friction model. Excel program which is applied in this work can be provided by the author of the present report to readers if requested.Even though the limitations listed in chapter 6 do exist, the model has been shown to be applicable to get an indication on the downhole situation. By comparing the result from two different well sections in the same well, it was possible to evaluate high borehole friction because of hole cleaning issues. However, one important issue detected during present work, is that the modeled friction factor is highly sensitive to changes in hook load measurements in shallow sections with small inclination and little drillpipe downhole. This is an issue that demands awareness during application of the model because it is a source of risk to get misleading results.For future work, the model should be improved in a more powerful tool than Excel with added features built in to it to reduce constrains in the model, which are mentioned in chapter 6. As continuation of present work the analytical model should also be further investigated by using real wells with more quantitative data and qualitative measured data.
Lattice thermal conductivity of nanoporous Si: Molecular dynamics study (2007)

Lattice thermal conductivity κl of Si with nanometer-sized pores along the [001] direction is calculated as a function of pore diameter (dp) and pore spacing (ds) by employing a molecular dynamics approach. Our results show that κl across pores is smaller than the bulk value by over two orders of magnitude at room temperature, and that it decreases (increases) as a function of dp (ds) for fixed ds (dp). This behavior is shown to originate from the reduction in the channels for phonon transport and the increased phonon scattering at the pore surfaces.
Programmed Cell Death in Prokaryotes (1997)

Programmed cell death (PCD), also referred to as apoptosis, is a cellular "suicide" mechanism, based on information from its own internal metabolism, environment, developmental history, and genome. This system was described in eukaryotes continuously along evolution, through amoebae, nematodes, insects, and animals. PCD is essential for the proper development or function of a cell system, organ, or survival of the organism as a whole. Research in the last 2 decades has shown that the life cycle of several prokaryotic organisms display developmental programs, similar to metazoan differentiation, that is part of their adaptation to stressful environments. These include warmer cell formation and differentiation in Caulobacter cereus, sporulation in Bacillus and Streptomyces, heterocyst formation in Anabaena, development of bacteroids in Rhizobium, the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies and sporulation in Myxobacteria, and the formation of nonculturable, but viable, cells in various Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, and more significantly, the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus were shown to release nucleoprotein particles designated "gene transfer agent (GTA)" as they enter the stationary phase. GTAs contain DNA of 3.6 x 10(6) molecular weight, representing all parts of the genome, and they may be taken up by other strains of R. capsulatus, and complement mutants. We postulate that these various modes of stress adaptations in bacteria are prokaryotic manifestation, and possibly the phylogenetic precursor, of the eukaryotic phenomenon, programmed cell death, and therefore we propose to designate it "proapoptosis". In addition to their function, apoptosis and proapoptosis share various mechanistic programmed features, including DNA fragmentation and packaging, cell shrinkage, degradation of RNA, proteolysis and synthesis of new proteins, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species.
Shear-Based Fast Hierarchical Backprojection for Parallel-Beam Tomography (2007)

We introduce a family of fast algorithms for 2-D parallel-beam tomographic backprojection. They aggregate the projections in a hierarchical structure involving the shearing and addition of sparsely sampled images. The algorithms achieve a computational cost of O(N(2) log P), when backprojecting an N x N pixel image from P projections. The algorithms provide a systematic means, guided by a Fourier-domain interpretation, to adjust and optimize the tradeoff between computational cost and accuracy. In an example with N = 512 and P = 1458 the algorithms provide high accuracy, with more than an order of magnitude reduction in operation counts.
SOME POETICAL MISCELLANIES OF THE EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (1929)

Journal Article SOME POETICAL MISCELLANIES OF THE EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Get access IOLO A. WILLIAMS IOLO A. WILLIAMS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s4-X, Issue 3, December 1929, Pages 233–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s4-X.3.233 Published: 01 December 1929
[Studies on the pharmacology and toxicology of ciclopiroxolamine (author's transl)]. (1981)

Pharmacological studies with 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen) have been carried out in various test animal species and in isolated organs. The studies did not reveal any indication of effects on the central nervous system or an metabolic functions such as body temperature, urinary and biliary excretion, blood coagulation and acute inflammatory processes. Blood pressure and heart rate were slightly decreased. In the isolated ileum of the guinea pig, slight antagonism towards Ba2+, histamine, carbachol and nicotine was observed. With the doses of ciclopiroxolamine used in local therapy, no systemic pharmacological effects can be expected. Short-term toxicity studies carried out in the usual species of test animals produced oral LD50 values in the range of g/kg of body weight. A 4-week oral administration of 30 mg/kg body weight was virtually symptom-free and the corresponding dose in a 3-month administration was 10 mg/kg. The compound revealed a favourable therapeutic index. As anticipated, the cutaneous tolerance was dependent on animal species, pharmaceutical preparation, concentration of pure drug and duration of the application. The same applies to the tolerance in the vaginal mucosa of the dog. Studies on reproduction toxicology, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and phototoxicity of ciclopiroxolamine produced no prohibitive findings.
Fine-tuning of FOXO3A in cHL as a survival mechanism and a hallmark of abortive plasma cell differentiation (2018)

We recently found that FOXO1 repression contributes to the oncogenic program of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Interestingly, FOXO3A, another member of the FOXO family, was reported to be expressed in the malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of cHL at higher levels than in non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. We thus aimed to investigate mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of FOXO3A as well as the potential role of FOXO3A in cHL. Here, we show that high FOXO3A levels in cHL reflect a B-cell-differentiation-specific pattern. In B cells, FOXO3A expression increases during the process of centroblast to plasma cell (PC) differentiation. FOXO3A levels in cHL were found higher than in germinal center B cells, but lower than in terminally differentiated PCs. This intermediate FOXO3A expression in cHL might manifest the "abortive PC differentiation" phenotype. This assumption was further corroborated by the finding that overexpression of FOXO3A in cHL cell lines induced activation of the master PC transcription factor PRDM1α. As factors attenuating FOXO3A expression in cHL, we identified <i>MIR155</i> and constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of FOXO3A expression in cHL using an RNA interference approach. We conclude that tightly regulated expression of FOXO3A contributes to the oncogenic program and to the specific phenotype of cHL.
Designation of the type strain for Bacterium anitratum Schaub and Hauber 1948 (1967)

SUMMARY Steel and Cowan (1964) designated Schaub’s Biol. 1 as the type strain for Bacterium anitratum Schaub and Hauber 1948. However, this strain was not included among those originally studied by Schaub and Hauber (1948) and cannot be recognized (Rule 9d, Note b, Intl. Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria). One of the original strains used by Schaub and Hauber (Schaub 81, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 19606, RH 2208) is here designated as the type for B. anitratum Schaub and Hauber 1948. The morphology, physiology, and per cent guanine plus cytosine of strain 81 are described and more than sixty characters of the strain recorded. The characteristics of strain 81 were found to be in good agreement with those given in the original description by Schaub and Hauber (1948).
The Detection of Granulocyte Alloantibodies with an Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (1977)

An indirect immunofluorescence technique for the detection of alloantibodies against granulocytes was developed. A major problem was the unspecific fluorescence of granulocytes, due to unspecific adherence of immunoglobulins to the cell membrane. This could be suppressed by the prefixation of the granulocytes with paraformaldehyde. The developed test proved to be specific and sensitive and to have a high reproducibility. Strongly positive reactions were obtained with antisera containing granulocyte-specific agglutinins or granulocyte-cytotoxins, but also with some sera that did not react in either the agglutination or the cytotoxicity test. HLA antisera also gave positive reactions, but strong anti-A, anti-B or anti-D sera did not react. With this technique leucocyte antibodies can be detected in a higher percentage of patients with febrile transfusion reactions.
Effect of radiotherapy on lymphocyte cytotoxicity in vitro. (1975)

The cytotoxic functions of highly purified blood lymphocytes from patients with breast cancer were studied before and after radiotherapy. Addition of PHA or of rabbit antibodies to target cells (chicken erythrocytes) were chosen as two means of inducing lymphocyte cytotoxicity in vitro. The proportion of T and non-T-lymphocytes was determined by means of E and EAC rosette tests. The antibody-induced cytotoxocity of lymphocytes decreased following radiotherapy while that mediated by PHA remained unchanged. There was some reduction in the percentage of EAC rosette-forming cells. These results, as well as our earlier observations, suggest that the decrease in the peripheral blood of the proportion of lymphocytes with receptors for activated complement is responsible for changes in the antibody-mediated lymphocyte cytotoxicity.
Decreased Survival of Subjects With Elevated Liver Function Tests During A 28-Year Follow-Up (2009)

Patients with NASH are at increased risk of death compared with the general population. Liver disease is the third most common cause of death among patients with NAFLD.
Visual assessment of total heart volume and specific chamber size from standard chest radiographs (1977)

Ten radiologists at three levels of training visually assessed total heart and individual chamber size in 95 adults of both sexes with well defined cardiac diagnoses. Overall accuracy was highest for total heart size (82.2% correct), followed by left ventricular size, left atrial size and right heart size 79.6%, 75.0%, and 72.8%, respectively. Right heart and left atrial enlargement had a statistically significant negative effect on visual assessment of other chambers (P less than .05). Attempts to subclassify left ventricular enlargement into hypertrophy and hypertrophy and dilatation groups proved unsuccessful. While 63% of the hypertrophy group was detected as abnormal, only 24.3% were correctly subclassified as hypertrophy. For the hypertrophy and dilatation group, the corresponding values were 82% and 70%, respectively. Oblique views were useful in assessing left ventricular size only when inexperienced observers were included in the group of evaluators (P less than .05). A statistically significant improvement in assessment of normal left ventricular size and overall left atrial size was noted with experience (P less than .01 and P less than .05, respectively).
Genetic algorithms for inversion of single channel seismic data (1994)

Many inverse seismic problems are non-linear problems and involve some kind of optimization. Often least squares or conjugate gradient methods, so called local techniques, are used to solve such an inverse problem. A disadvantage of these local techniques is that a relative good starting model, close to the global optimum, is needed to get a good solution. An other approach is to use non-linear inversion techniques like Genetic Algorithms (GA), Monte Carlo, Simulated Annealing or use iterative linear techniques with some 'build-in' randomness (Verbeek). These methods do not require a 'good' starting model. The randomness in these methods makel sure that the whole model space is sampled for good solutions. The advantage of GA is that it combines local and global search mechanisme.
[Interleukin-12 gene transfection into murine B16 melanoma cells suppresses tumorigenicity and decreases metastatic potential]. (1998)

Transfection of IL-12 gene into B16 cells results in the inhibition of tumorigenesis and in the suppression of experimental pulmonary metastasis.
EVA: an event-based framework for developing specialised communication protocols (2002)

Presents a framework for the development of higher level communication protocols that provides extra functionalities not supplied by standard off-the-shelf lower level communication protocols. The framework is based on the event channel abstraction which allows circumventing the main drawbacks of the layered-based approach traditionally used to develop such protocols, whilst at the same time providing a flexible, simple and well structured way to implement them. The event channel service provided by EVA establishes how entities that share the same address space interact. Then, the application designer has the opportunity to define the most appropriate lower level communication protocols that control the way entities that execute within different processes will interact. The framework specifies a way to accommodate these protocols and provides several standard protocol implementations. Further a development methodology is described for constructing applications on top of the framework. In designing the framework, we have followed the approach of using, whenever possible, well established concepts, thus the paper also discusses the utilisation of such concepts in improving both the efficiency and the structuring of the framework and of the applications to be built on top of it.
Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers for Surface Microtexture (2013)

20 m (a) (b) 40 m Fig. 1. SEM micrographs of microtextured Si sample. (a) Scan speed = 0.08 mm/s, equivalent to about 100 overlapping laser pulses at each point. (b) Higher magnification image of (a).
Direct overwrite capability in transition-metal-rich side rare-earth transition amorphous films (abstract) (1990)

The feasibility of direct overwrite utilizing a demagnetization field was successfully demonstrated by employing transition-metal-rich side Tb-Fe-Co-Cr amorphous films, which is different from previously reported rare-earth-rich side films.1,2 For this purpose, 3.5-in. magneto-optical discs were made in the form SiN/TbFeCoCr/SiN on a pregrooved polycarbonate substrate. To evaluate the capability of direct overwrite, we chose the writing and erasure conditions in such a way that erasure laser power (PE) was set higher than the writing power (PW), applying a constant weak external field (Hex) directed in the direction of erasure. Thermomagnetic writing and erasure at 1.76 MHz were carried out on a disk rotating at 1800 rpm. The carrier-to-noise ratio, C/N, thus obtained was 26 dB in the conditions of PW=8 mW and Hex=−100 Oe. This signal was completely erased by the dc erase procedure (PE=10 mW and Hex=−100 Oe). Furthermore, this signal value was repeatedly obtained by the above writing and erasure sequence. However, when the writing laser power is set higher than the erasure power, the initial readout C/N decreases rapidly within a few write/erasure cycles and cannot be repeatedly reproduced. Observation of the above written bits by using a polarized optical microscope showed no irregular shape domains, but did show a relatively weak light intensity coming from the whole domain area. A more detailed analysis of domain formation will be discussed.
Compound noun segmentation based on lexical data extracted from corpus (2000)

Compound noun analysis is one of the crucial problems in Korean language processing because a series of nouns in Korean may appear without white space in real texts, which makes it difficult to identify the morphological constituents. This paper presents an effective method of Korean compound noun segmentation based on lexical data extracted from corpus. The segmentation is done by two steps: First, it is based on manually constructed built-in dictionary for segmentation whose data were extracted from 30 million word corpus. Second, a segmentation algorithm using statistical data is proposed, where simple nouns and their frequencies are also extracted from corpus. The analysis is executed based on CYK tabular parsing and min-max operation. By experiments, its accuracy is about 97.29%, which turns out to be very effective.
Biosensor binding data and its applicability to the determination of active concentration (2016)

Protein concentration data are required for understanding protein interactions and are a prerequisite for the determination of affinity and kinetic properties. It is vital for the judgment of protein quality and for monitoring the effect of therapeutic agents. Protein concentration values are typically obtained by comparison to a standard and derived from a standard curve. The use of a protein standard is convenient, but may not give reliable results if samples and standards behave differently. In other cases, a standard preparation may not be available and has to be established and validated. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, an alternative concentration method is possible. This method is called calibration-free concentration analysis (CFCA); it generates active concentration data directly and without the use of a standard. The active concentration of a protein is defined through its interaction with its binding partner. This concentration can differ from the total protein concentration if some protein fraction is incapable of binding. If a protein has several different binding sites, active concentration data can be established for each binding site using site-specific interaction partners. This review will focus on CFCA analysis. It will reiterate the theory of CFCA and describe how CFCA has been applied in different research segments. The major part of the review will, however, try to set expectations on CFCA and discuss how CFCA can be further developed for absolute and relative concentration measurements.
Re-radiation of signals employing guided antenna systems operating in tandem with two-way signal booster amplifier (2003)

A guided antenna uses either radiating transmission line-leaky cable or a distributed antenna system comprising a number of antennas that are connected through hybrid junctions to a transmission line. The Port Authority's guided-antenna system has been successful in solving two-way radio communication problems that occur in tunnels, subway platforms, building interiors, mines, and other areas where radiation of electromagnetic energy is restricted. This system is installed within the confines of the signal-void areas and uses radiating transmission lines in conjunction with a suitably spaced two-way signal booster amplifier or series amplifier arrangement to compensate for signal attenuation. The system is designed so that it can be connected to either a base station or to an outside directional antenna or to both. Procedures and methods are described which were used to design and install these guided antenna systems at the George Washington Bridge Bus Station, the Holland Tunnel, and in the World Trade Center in New York City.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mass spectrometrical verification of stomatin‐like protein 2 (SLP‐2) primary structure (2006)

Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) (syn.: EPB72-like 2 [NP_038470], HSPC108 [AAF29073]), a protein of unknown function, has been described in several tissues and cells but its primary structure is still not completely elucidated. Moreover, sequence conflicts appear in several databases. It was the aim of the study to further describe SLP-2 primary sequence and to solve existing sequence conflicts. For this purpose a protein extract was run on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and SLP-2 was identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. SLP-2 was digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, Lys-C, and de novo sequencing studies as well as Nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis were carried out. By the use of several proteases sequence coverage of 90% was obtained but the N-terminal 34 amino acids harbouring database conflict 1 were not covered. The presence of Leucine 129 (sequence conflict 2) and Alanine 202 (sequence conflict 3) was verified by three independent approaches. High sequence coverage resulting from multiple proteolytic cleavage, MALDI-TOF/TOF, Nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and de novo sequencing completed unambiguous analysis of SLP-2 primary structure of approximately = 90% of sequence coverage. In addition, methodology used was able to solve so far pending sequence conflicts in databases and literature. SLP-2 is a high abundance protein in several tissues and cells and may play an important biological role and therefore characterization of its primary structure is of importance.
Anaerostipes butyraticus sp. nov., an anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacterium from Clostridium cluster XIVa isolated from broiler chicken caecal content, and emended description of the genus Anaerostipes (2009)

Four butyrate-producing isolates were obtained from the caecal content of a 4-week-old broiler chicken. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined and confirmed the close relatedness of the four isolates, which suggested that they were derived from a single bacterial clone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that its closest relatives were members of cluster XIVa of the Clostridium subphylum of Gram-positive bacteria and that the closest related type strain was Anaerostipes caccae L1-92(T) (94.5 % similarity). Similarity levels of 96-98 % with sequences from uncultured bacteria from human stool samples were observed. On the basis of morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic characteristics, this strain is assigned to a novel species in the genus Anaerostipes, for which the name Anaerostipes butyraticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 35-7(T) (=LMG 24724(T) =DSM 22094(T)). An emended description of the genus Anaerostipes is also provided.