gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Calibration and Quality Control Practices for Selected Measurement-While-Drilling Tools (1991)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to compile and explain calibration and quality control practices for Measurement While Drilling (MUD) formation evaluation tools for current vendors. MWD logs are usually run in high-operating-cost, geologically complex, and hostile environments. They are commonly justified as "insurance logs" in case the operator can’t get a wireline log. On occasion, these insurance logs become "the only log". Uhen the MUD log exhibits either the desired or expected response, it is believed. Conversely, when an unexpected response is recorded, the MUD log is treated skeptically. Uhen the operator does not believe a log, the data may be suspected to be inaccurate or uncalibrated. Regardless of the type of measuring device, wireline or MUD, calibrations must be understood before a log is trusted. Standards for reference for MUD logs are not always understood by operating oil company personnel. Over the past 50 years, log analysts have studied and become comfortable with the standards to which wireline tools are referenced. The understanding of calibration practices for MUD tools by oil company operators has proven to be a major hurdle for MUD service companies. Until MUD tool calibrations are understood and accepted by oil company petrophysicists, MUD tools will continue to be followed out of the hole by wireline tools. These redundant logs result in additional cost, risk, and delay in hydrocarbon production. This paper is the product of several preparation steps. In the first phase of preparation, MWD service companies were asked to supply very general and simplified explanations of how they calibrated or verified their tools. In the second step, more detailed explanations were supplied. Then, several Ad Hoc MUD Calibration Committee meetings were held over the course of a year to develop concise explanations of calibration practices in the MUD industry. Using a common format and vocabulary, this paper explains MUD calibration practices for gamma ray, resistivity, density, neutron porosity, and caliper tools that are now, or soon to be, commercially available. The data compiled in this paper identify the extent and frequency of calibrations for all major MUD tools. Several case histories are reviewed to illustrate some of the more common quality control concerns. MUD and corresponding wireline logs are shown that raise questions or concerns about invasion and washouts, depth control, and high rates of penetration. Technical information on tool calibration/verification has been supplied by service companies and has not been independently verified by the authors.
Seven myths of formal methods (1990)

Seven widely held conceptions about formal methods are challenged. These beliefs are variants of the following: formal methods can guarantee that software is perfect; they work by proving that the programs are correct; only highly critical systems benefit from their use; they involve complex mathematics; they increase the cost of development; they are incomprehensible to clients; and nobody uses them for real projects. The arguments are based on the author's experiences. They address the bounds of formal methods, identify the central role of specifications in the development process, and cover education and training.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High rate dry etching of InGaP in BCl3 plasma chemistries (1995)

A remarkable increase in InGaP etch rate in electron cyclotron resonance BCl3 discharges is observed as the microwave power is increased from 250 W (etch rate ∼500 Å/min) to 1000 W (etch rate ∼8000 Å/min). The surface roughness measured by atomic force microscopy decreases from 36 nm at 250 W to 2 nm at 1000 W. The high ion flux incident on the InGaP at high microwave powers appears to remove InClx species by sputter-assisted desorption and prevents formation of the nonstoichiometric In-rich surfaces generally observed with Cl2-based dry etching using conventional reactive ion etching.
Rebooting Ultrasonic Positioning Systems for Ultrasound-incapable Smart Devices (2018)

An ultrasonic Positioning System (UPS) has outperformed RF-based systems in terms of its accuracy for years. However, few of the developed solutions have been deployed in practice to satisfy the localization demand of today's smart devices, which lack ultrasonic sensors and were considered as being `deaf' to ultrasound. A recent finding demonstrates that ultrasound may be audible to the smart devices under certain conditions due to their microphone's nonlinearity. Inspired by this insight, this work revisits the ultrasonic positioning technique and builds a practical UPS, called UPS+ for ultrasound-incapable smart devices. The core concept is to deploy two types of indoor beacon devices, which will advertise ultrasonic beacons at two different ultrasonic frequencies respectively. Their superimposed beacons are shifted to a low-frequency by virtue of the nonlinearity effect at the receiver's microphone. This underlying property functions as an implicit ultrasonic downconverter without throwing harm to the hearing system of humans. We demonstrate UPS+, a fully functional UPS prototype, with centimeter-level localization accuracy using custom-made beacon hardware and well-designed algorithms.
Direct Observation of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Pyrene-Labeled dU Nucleosides and Evidence for Protonated 2'-Deoxyuridine Anion, dU(H).cntdot., as a Primary Electron Transfer Product (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Observation of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Pyrene-Labeled dU Nucleosides and Evidence for Protonated 2'-Deoxyuridine Anion, dU(H).cntdot., as a Primary Electron Transfer ProductThomas L. Netzel, Kambiz Nafisi, Jeb Headrick, and Bruce E. EatonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 51, 17948–17955Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100051a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100051a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
High gain lightweight array for harmonic portable RFID radar (2009)

Single fed, high gain and lightweight patch arrays of size 12"times9" are designed and proposed for integration with a harmonic portable RFID radar so as to track the behavioral patterns of invasive Emerald Ash Borer insect. Serial interconnections of the array elements are tapered in order to suppress sidelobe level. With these additions, the proposed harmonic insect tracking radar system offers new features like improved portability, cost effectiveness and ease of fabrication as well as inheriting the attributes like low power output and novel tiny tag from. A prototype of the system is built and is expected to detect a tag of size 9.5 mm times 9.5 mm (0.19lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> times 0.19lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) up to more than 190 feet when the unit transmits 0.1W with newly developed 22 dBi transmit and 21 dBi receive patch antennas operating at 5.9/11.8 GHz, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN INFUSION ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN MAN (1985)

Studies on intact animals and isolated rat hepatocytes have shown that arginine vasopression (AVP) stimulates glycogen phosphorylase to break down glycogen and raise plasma glucose concentrations. Since no similar work has been performed on healthy human adults, the effect of moderate (25 pmol/min) and high (75 pmol/min) dose AVP infusion on plasma glucose, intermediary metabolites, glucose kinetics, and circulating glucagon and insulin concentrations was investigated. After AVP infusion, plasma glucose rose from 4.9 +/- 0.1 to a peak of 5.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (P less than 0.001), but no changes in blood lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol or 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were observed. The glucose rise was accounted for entirely by an increase in the rate of appearance of glucose from 11.19 +/- 0.43 to 13.38 +/- 0.63 mu mol/kg/min (P less than 0.001). Infusion of AVP also increased plasma glucagon concentrations from 38 +/- 8 to 79 +/- 20 pg/l (P less than 0.01). The hyperglycaemic effect of AVP may be mediated solely by stimulation of glucagon release, but we cannot exclude direct stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase activity.
Towards unbiased end-to-end network diagnosis (2006)

Internet fault diagnosis is extremely important for end users, overlay network service providers (like Akamai [1]) and even Internet service providers (ISPs). However, because link-level properties cannot be uniquely determined from end-to-end measurements, the accuracy of existing statistical diagnosis approaches is subject to uncertainty from statistical assumptions about the network. In this paper, we propose a novel Least-biased End-to-end Network Diagnosis (in short, LEND) system for inferring link-level properties like loss rate. We define a minimal identifiable link sequence (MILS) as a link sequence of minimal length whose properties can be uniquely identified from end-to-end measurements. We also design efficient algorithms to find all the MILSes and infer their loss rates for diagnosis. Our LEND system works for any network topology and for both directed and undirected properties, and incrementally adapts to network topology and property changes. It gives highly accurate estimates of the loss rates of MILSes, as indicated by both extensive simulations and Internet experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such diagnosis can be achieved with fine granularity and in near real-time even for reasonably large overlay networks. Finally, LEND can supplement existing statistical inference approaches and provide smooth tradeoff between diagnosis accuracy and granularity.
Improved performance of carbon paste amperometric biosensors through the incorporation of fumed silica (1994)

Abstract The sensitivity and stability of carbon paste enzyme elearodes are greatly enhanced through the incorporation of fumed silica within the paste matrix. The improved performance is attributed to the adsorptive and electrocatalytic properties of the silica nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic action results in a substantial lowering of the overvoltage for both the oxidation and reduction of the enzymatically liberated peroxide species. Highly selective, low‐potential, biosensing of glucose is thus accomplished in the presence of coexisting acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, or uric acid. The enhanced performance accrued from the presence of silica is also illustrated for mediator (dimethyl ferrocene)‐containing pastes. High enzymatic activity is maintained over prolonged periods. The silica modification strategy provides an effective, fast, and inexpensive route for immobilizing enzymes within carbon paste matrices.
Use of new phosphonylating and coupling agents in the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the H-phosphonate approach (1990)

New phosphonylating and coupling agents for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides via H-phosphonate approach have been developed. Tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl) phosphite, prepared by the reaction of lithium salt of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propoxide with PCl3, reacts with deoxyribonucleosides in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylamine to produce in the high yield the corresponding deoxyribonucleoside 3'-H-phosphonate units. The use of a new coupling reagent, 1,3-dimethyl-2-chloro-imidazolinium chloride (DMCI) for the internucleotidic H-phosphonate bond formation via the H-phosphonate approach is also discussed in detail.
Mapping Of In-Plane Vibration Modes By Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (1985)

The use of a simple tilt procedure in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) for rapid mapping of in-plane vibration modes is explained and demonstrated.
Experimental results for OFDM WiFi-based passive bistatic radar (2010)

In this paper the practical feasibility of a WiFi transmissions based passive bistatic radar (PBR) is analyzed. The required data processing steps are described there including the adopted techniques for: (i) the control of the signal Ambiguity Function usually yielding a high sidelobe level and (ii) the removal of the undesired signal contributions which strongly limit the useful dynamic range. The performance of the conceived system is evaluated with reference to typical signals broadcasted by a IEEE 802.11 access point exploiting an OFDM modulation. The achievable results are presented against a real data set collected by an experimental setup. This allowed us to preliminarily demonstrate the potentialities of a WiFi-based PBR for local area surveillance applications.
Preparing Ground States of Quantum Many-Body Systems on a Quantum Computer (2009)

Preparing the ground state of a system of interacting classical particles is an NP-hard problem. Thus, there is in general no better algorithm to solve this problem than exhaustively going through all N configurations of the system to determine the one with lowest energy, requiring a running time proportional to N. A quantum computer, if it could be built, could solve this problem in time sqrt[N]. Here, we present a powerful extension of this result to the case of interacting quantum particles, demonstrating that a quantum computer can prepare the ground state of a quantum system as efficiently as it does for classical systems.
Clinical evaluation of a plastic ring intra-uterine contraceptive device (INCON). (1969)

100 parous patients were fitted with the Incon device a closed ring of chemically inert plastic (ultrathane). Impregnation with barium make s X-ray detection possible. A nylon monofilament tails through the cervical so to facilitate transvaginal detection or removal. A 25 mm diameter ring was selected which may be compressed for insertion. Inse rtions over a 9-month period were followed for 20 months. Papanicolaou smears were taken at time of insertion and repeated annually. Physical complaints were made by 18 patients. Removal was indicated in 12 5 at the request of the patient and 7 by physicians decision. In removal the Incon could not be withdrawn through a normally patent cervical canal by traction on the nylon tail. However gentle traction on the tail aided in dilating the cervix. Due to rotation of the ring the nylon tail was sometimes withdrawn into the uterus. Salpingitis developed in 3 patients. These were thought to be superimposed infections and not due to the ring. Perforations occurred in 2 cases requiring removal of the rings by laparotomy and coincidental hysterectomy. Pregnancy occurred in 2 cases with the device in place; in 1 the patient aborted and also expelled the ring and the other went to full term. The ring was found adherent to the maternal surface of the placenta. 28 expulsions occurred from 1 day to 12 months after insertion. No expulsions occurred after 12 months of use. In the 15 to 19 year old group there was a 75% expulsion and removal rate while in the 30 to 39 year old group the rate was 20%. This may indicate greater uterine irritability in younger patients or greater acceptance of side effects by older patients.
Tattoos and sarcoidosis (2012)

We are pleased that our article[1][1] was read with keen interest. In response to Madan’s letter,[2][2] our patient’s tattoos were amateur tattoos acquired over many years via a variety of methods, and presumably pigmentary substances were used, although all tattoos were black in colour. While
Spatiotemporal electrical and motility mapping of distension-induced propagating oscillations in the murine small intestine (2005)

Since the development of knockout animals, the mouse has become an important model to study gastrointestinal motility. However, little information is available on the electrical and contractile activities induced by distension in the murine small intestine. Spatiotemporal electrical mapping and mechanical recordings were made from isolated intestinal segments from different regions of the murine small intestine during distension. The electrical activity was recorded with 16 extracellular electrodes while motility was assessed simultaneously by tracking the border movements with a digital camera. Distension induced propagating oscillatory contractions in isolated intestinal segments. These propagating contractions were dictated by the underlying propagating slow wave with superimposed spikes. The frequencies, velocities, and direction of the propagating oscillations strongly correlated with the frequencies (r = 0.86), velocities (r = 0.84), and direction (r = 1) of the electrical slow waves. N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester decreased the maximal diameter of the segment and reduced the peak contraction amplitude of the propagating oscillatory contractions, whereas atropine and verapamil blocked the propagating oscillations. Tetrodotoxin had little effect on the maximal diameter and peak contraction amplitude. In conclusion, distension in the murine small intestine does not initiate peristaltic reflexes but induces a propagating oscillatory motor pattern that is determined by propagating slow waves with superimposed spikes. These spikes are cholinergic and calcium dependent.
Content sharing mechanism with multiple devices in real-time multimedia service environment (2011)

This paper presents a mechanism of content sharing for multiple devices in real-time multimedia service environment and analyzes the CPU performance of the contents transformation server. In this environment, users are provided the transformed multimedia contents adequate to their devices. Our existing structure of transforming service is not designed to sharing the content with multiple users using a same type of devices. So, the CPU usage ratio becomes higher, even though many devices with same type connect to the transforming server. Experimental results show that the CPU usage ratio of content sharing mechanism for three users is improved over 50% compared to that of the environment without sharing content.
Development and Interlaboratory Validation of a QuEChERS-Based Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis<sup>†</sup> (2010)

A high-throughput, QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of 191 pesticides in vegetation and fruit samples. Using identical LC analytical column and MS/MS instrumentation and operation parameters, this method was evaluated at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Research Centre for Grapes (NRCG), India, and Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) laboratories. Method validation results showed that all but 1 of these 191 pesticides can be analyzed by LC-MS/MS with instrument detection limits (IDL) in the parts per trillion (ppt) range. Matrix-dependent IDL studies showed that due to either the low ionization efficiency or matrix effect exerted, 14 of these 191 pesticides could not be analyzed by this method. Method recovery (%R) and method detection limits (MDLs) were determined by the three laboratories using four sample matrices in replicates (N = 4). With >79% of %R data from the fortification studies in the range from 80 to 120%, MDLs were determined in the low parts per billion range with >94% of MDLs in the range from 0.5 to 5 ppb. Applying this method to the analysis of incurred samples showed that two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions may not be enough to provide 100% true positive identification of target pesticides; however, quantitative results obtained from the three laboratories had an excellent match with only a few discrepancies in the low parts per billion levels. The %R data from the fortification studies were subjected to principal component analysis and showed the majority of %R fell into the cluster of 80% < %R < 120%. Due to the matrix effect exerted by ginseng and peach, outliers were observed at the lowest spiking levels of 10 and 25 ppb. The study also showed that QuEChERS samples should be analyzed as soon as prepared or stored in a freezer to avoid any adverse affect on the analytes evaluated.
Effect of Albumin and Polyanion on the Structure of DNA Complexes with Polycation Containing Hydrophilic Nonionic Block (1999)

Self-assembling systems based on ionic complexes of DNA with block copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide with 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl methacrylate were studied as systems suitable for gene delivery. In this study, the influence of albumin and polyanion on parameters of the DNA polyelectrolyte complexes in aqueous solutions was investigated. Static and dynamic light-scattering methods were used as a main tool for characterizing these interactions. It was found that albumin is not able to release free DNA, but it can rather bind to the complexes forming ternary DNA-polycation-albumin complexes with increased hydrodynamic radii of about 10 nm. Polyanion tested, sodium poly(styrenesulfonate), was able to release free DNA in the presence of a low-molecular-weight electrolyte. In the absence of a low-molecular-weight electrolyte, only formation of ternary complexes and no DNA release was observed. The in vivo biodistribution analysis of DNA complexes showed no effect of the presence of hydrophilic nonionic poly(HPMA) on the circulatory time or organ distribution. The interaction of DNA complexes with albumin and other plasma proteins was suggested to be a major reason for the short circulatory times.
Prion Glycoprotein:  Structure, Dynamics, and Roles for the Sugars (2001)

The prion protein contains two N-linked glycosylation sites and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. The large size of the N-linked sugars, together with their dynamic properties, enables them to shield two orthogonal faces of the protein almost completely. Thus, the sugars can protect large regions of the protein surface from proteases and from nonspecific protein-protein interactions. Immunoprecipitation of prion protein with calnexin suggests that in the ER the oligosaccharides may provide a route for protein folding via the calnexin pathway. Major questions relate to the relevance of the glycoform distribution (as defined by glycan site occupancy) to strain type and disease transmission. Glycan analysis has shown that prion protein contains at least 52 different sugars, that these consist of a subset of brain sugars, and that there is site specific glycan processing. PrP(Sc) from the brains of Syrian hamsters contains the same set of glycans as PrP(C), but a higher proportion of tri- and tetra-antennary sugars. This may be attributed to a decrease in the activity of GnTIII. The GPI anchor, which is modified with sialic acid, may allow the prion protein to be mobile in the lipid bilayer. Potentially, this provides a possible means for translocating the prions from one cell to another.