gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additives in Polymers: Industrial Analysis and Applications (2005)

Foreword.Preface.About the Author.Acknowledgements.Chapter 1: Introduction.1.1 Additives.1.2 Plastics formulations .1.3 Economic impact of polymer additives.1.4 Analysis of plastics.1.5 Bibliography.1.6 References.Chapter 2: Deformulation Principles.2.1 Polymer identification.2.2 Additive analysis of rubbers: 'Best Practice'.2.3 Polymer extract analysis.2.4 In situ polymer/additive analysis.2.5 Class-specific polymer/additive analysis.2.6 Bibliography.2.7 References.Chapter 3: Sample Preparation Perspectives.3.1 Solvents.3.2 Extraction strategy.3.3 Conventional extraction technologies.3.4 High-pressure solvent extraction methods.3.5 Sorbent extraction.3.6 Methodological comparison of extraction methods.3.7 Polymer/additive dissolution methods.3.8 Hydrolysis.3.9 Bibliography.3.10 References.Chapter 4: Separation Techniques.4.1 Analytical detectors.4.2 Gas chromatography.4.3 Supercritical fluid chromatography.4.4 Liquid chromatography techniques.4.5 Capillary electrophoretic techniques.4.6 Bibliography.4.7 References.Chapter 5: Polymer/Additive Analysis: The Spectroscopic Alternative.5.1 Ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry.5.2 Infrared spectroscopy.5.3 Luminescence spectroscopy.5.4 High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.5.5 Bibliography.5.6 References.Chapter 6: Organic Mass-Spectrometric Methods.6.1 Basic instrumentation.6.2 Ion sources.6.3 Mass analysers.6.4 Direct mass-spectrometric polymer compound analysis.6.5 Ion mobility spectrometry.6.6 Bibliography.6.7 References.Chapter 7: Multihyphenation and Multidimensionality in Polymer/Additive Analysis.7.1 Precolumn hyphenation.7.2 Coupled sample preparation - spectroscopy/spectrometry.7.3 Postcolumn hyphenation.7.4 Multidimensional chromatography.7.5 Multidimensional spectroscopy.7.6 Bibliography.7.7 References.Chapter 8: Inorganic and Element Analytical Methods.8.1 Element analytical protocols.8.2 Sample destruction for classical elemental analysis.8.3 Analytical atomic spectrometry.8.4 X-ray spectrometry.8.5 Inorganic mass spectrometry.8.6 Radioanalytical and nuclear analytical methods.8.7 Electroanalytical techniques.8.8 Solid-state speciation analysis.8.9 Bibliography.8.10 References.Chapter 9: Direct Methods of Deformulation of Polymer/Additive Dissolutions.9.1 Chromatographic methods.9.2 Spectroscopic techniques.9.3 Mass-spectrometric methods.9.4 References.Chapter 10: A Vision for the Future.10.1 Trends in polymer technology.10.2 Trends in additive technology.10.3 Environmental, legislative and regulatory constraints.10.4 Analytical consequences.10.5 Epilogue.10.6 Bibliography.10.7 References.Appendix I: List of Symbols.Appendix II: Functionality of Common Additives Used in Commercial Thermoplastics, Rubbers and Thermosetting Resins.Appendix III: Specimen Polymer Additives Product Sheets.Index.
Cloning and Physical Mapping of the <i>Eco</i> RI Fragments of the Giant Linear Plasmid SCP1 (1998)

A cosmid library was constructed for the 350-kb giant linear plasmid SCP1 and aligned on a successive linear map. Only a 0.8-kb gap has remained uncloned in the terminal inverted repeats close to both ends. Partial digestion of the aligned cosmids with EcoRI and hybridization with the flanking fragments of the vector enabled physical mapping of all of the EcoRI fragments. On this map, the methylenomycin biosynthetic gene cluster, the insertion sequence IS466, and the sapCDE genes coding for spore-associated proteins were localized.
25—INCREASING THE RATES OF FABRIC PRODUCTION OF WEFT-KNITTING MACHINERY: PART III: MEASUREMENT OF THE NEEDLE FORCES (1970)

When information is required about the forces acting on the needles in different cam systems, it is clearly more desirable to measure these forces directly than to measure the over-all machine torque. This paper describes a method for measuring the needle forces directly, and an examination is made of some of the information obtained from the force-measuring device used.
Processing and Material Characteristics of a reclaimed Ground Rubber Tire Reinforced Styrene Butadiene Rubber (2011)

Mechanochemically partially devulcanized ground rubber tire (GRT) was revulcanized in composition with virgin styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Reclaiming of GRT was carried out by tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) in presence of spindle oil. The cure characteristics and tensile properties of SBR compounds were investigated. Results indicate that the minimum torque and Mooney viscosity of the SBR compounds increase with increasing reclaim rubber (RR) loading whereas the scorch time remain unaltered but optimum cure time exhibit a decreasing trend. Increasing RR loading also gives SBR compounds better resistance towards swelling but the 100% modulus, 200% modulus tensile strength, and the elongation at break increases. Thermogravimetric analysis of SBR/RR vulcanizates was carried out in order to get thermal stability of the vulcanizates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies further indicate the coherency and homogeneity in the SBR/RR vulcanizates.
Ecological momentary interventions: Incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behaviour treatments (2009)

Mobile technology-based EMI can be effectively implemented as interventions for a variety of health behaviours and psychological and physical symptoms. Future research should integrate the assessment and intervention capabilities of mobile technology to create dynamically and individually tailored EMI that are ecologically sensitive.
Planar microfluidic drop splitting and merging (2015)

Open droplet microfluidic platforms offer attractive alternatives to closed microchannel devices, including lower fabrication cost and complexity, significantly smaller sample and reagent volumes, reduced surface contact and adsorption, as well as drop scalability, reconfigurability, and individual addressability. For these platforms to be effective, however, they require efficient schemes for planar drop transport and manipulation. While there are many methods that have been reported for drop transport, it is far more difficult to carry out other drop operations such as dispensing, merging and splitting. In this work, we introduce a novel alternative to merge and, more crucially, split drops using laterally-offset modulated surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The energy delivery into the drop is divided into two components: a small modulation amplitude excitation to initiate weak rotational flow within the drop followed by a short burst in energy to induce it to stretch. Upon removal of the SAW energy, capillary forces at the center of the elongated drop cause the liquid in this capillary bridge region to drain towards both ends of the drop, resulting in its collapse and therefore the splitting of the drop. This however occurs only below a critical Ohnesorge number, which is a balance between the viscous forces that retard the drainage and the sufficiently large capillary forces that cause the liquid bridge to pinch. We show the possibility of reliably splitting drops into two equal sized droplets with an average deviation in their volumes of only around 4% and no greater than 10%, which is comparable to the 7% and below splitting deviation obtained with electrowetting drop splitting techniques. In addition, we also show that it is possible to split the drop asymmetrically to controllably and reliably produce droplets of different volumes. Such potential as well as the flexibility in tuning the device to operate on drops of different sizes without requiring electrode reconfiguration, i.e., the use of different devices, as is required in electrowetting-therefore makes the present method an attractive alternative to electrowetting schemes.
650 nm AlGaInP Visible Light Laser Diode with Dry-Etched Mesa Stripe (1995)

CW operation of 650 nm GaInP/AlGaInP index waveguide-type visible-light laser diodes (LDs) with dry-etched mesa stripes fabricated by Cl 2 reactive ion beam etching was achieved for the first time. Its threshold current of 47 mA and slope efficiency of 0.40 W/A are almost the same as those of wet-etched LDs fabricated from the same wafer ( L =500 µ m). Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy image of the buried mesa stripe shows that dry-etched LD has a symmetric mesa shape, promising a small focusing spot size and a stable mode operation, whereas the wet-etched mesa is asymmetric because of the use of a 6°-misoriented substrate for this wavelength operation. The aging test operated with a light output power of 3 mW at 50° C reveals that these LDs have an operating time of over 3000 h, indicating they have sufficient lifetime for conventional uses.
Nocturnal Penile Tumescence and Rigidity in Men without Complaints of Erectile Dysfunction Using a New Quantitative Analysis Software (1994)

Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity data were collected during 3 successive nights of home monitoring from 44 men screened for normal sexual functioning. The subjects were well distributed during the interval with an age of 31 to 81 years. Penile brachial indexes, biothesiometry measures and testosterone levels were evaluated. Two new time-intensity measures of tumescence (tumescence activity units) and rigidity (rigidity activity units) were used to summarize erectile activity. A high correlation (r > 0.84, p < 0.001) was found between these summary parameters. It was observed that at least 2 nights of monitoring were required to characterize a subject adequately because some men had single nights with no measurable erectile activity. There were low correlations among penile brachial index, biothesiometry and testosterone outcomes, and nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity measurements. There was a decrease in measurements of tip rigidity with increasing subject age (r = -0.238, p < 0.05) and an increase in tip rigidity associated with penile girth during erectile events (r = 0.505, p < 0.001). Cumulative distributions of rigidity and tumescence activity units were developed to permit a simple, direct comparison of other nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity findings to results in the study population.
Molecular conjugate vectors mediate efficient gene transfer into gastrointestinal epithelial cells. (1994)

Transfer of genes to the gastrointestinal epithelium would be advantageous from investigational and therapeutic standpoints. Efficient transfer of DNA to the intestinal epithelial cells, however, has been problematic with conventional viral and nonviral vectors. As an alternative, we have utilized molecular conjugate vectors to transfer DNA to enterocytes via the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. We were able to achieve efficient transfection of transformed (Caco2 cells) and nontransformed gastrointestinal cells derived from neonatal piglets utilizing molecular conjugate vectors. Analysis of heterologous gene expression revealed that enterocytes could serve as a secretory cellular source of alpha 1-antitrypsin and factor IX. Transient expression of heterologous DNA persisted for up to 2 weeks following transfection. Our observations suggest that molecular conjugate vectors may represent a promising strategy in the transfer of genes to cells of the gastrointestinal tract.
Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Nonobese, Spontaneously Diabetic (NOD) Mice (1985)

Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was examined in nonobese, spontaneously diabetic (NOD) female mice before and after the development of diabetes. After the development of glucosuria, the plasma and liver cholesterol levels, gallbladder bile weight after 5-h fasting, biliary cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acid concentrations, the lithogenic index, the pool size of bile acids, and fecal sterol excretion markedly increased, but fecal bile acid excretion and fractional turnover rates for the cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid groups decreased. The distribution percentage of bile acids in the small intestine did not change, but it increased in the gallbladder and decreased in the large intestine. One striking finding was a change in the bile acid composition: increases were recorded in cholic and deoxycholic acids while decreases occurred in bile acids derived from chenodeoxycholic acid, such as beta-muricholic and ursodeoxycholic acids in the bile and alpha-muricholic, beta-muricholic, omega-muricholic, and hyodeoxycholic acids in the feces. Therefore, the cholic acid group/chenodeoxycholic acid group (CA/CDCA) ratio increased in the bile, feces, and small and large intestines after the development of diabetes. These changes were very similar to those observed in alloxan-treated mice, suggesting that the changes found in NOD mice are caused by insulin deficiency.
The two-receptor model of lipoprotein clearance: tests of the hypothesis in "knockout" mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E, or both proteins. (1994)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is hypothesized to mediate lipoprotein clearance by binding to two receptors: (i) the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and (ii) a chylomicron remnant receptor. To test this hypothesis, we have compared plasma lipoproteins in mice that are homozygous for targeted disruptions of the genes for apoE [apoE(-/-)], the LDLR [LDLR(-/-)], and both molecules [poE(-/-); LDLR(-/-)]. On a normal chow diet, apoE(-/-) mice had higher mean plasma cholesterol levels than LDLR(-/-) mice (579 vs. 268 mg/dl). Cholesterol levels in the apoE(-/-); LDLR(-/-) mice were not significantly different from those in the apoE(-/-) mice. LDLR(-/-) mice had a relatively isolated elevation in plasma LDL, whereas apoE(-/-) mice had a marked increase in larger lipoproteins corresponding to very low density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants. The lipoprotein pattern in apoE(-/-); LDLR(-/-) mice resembled that of apoE(-/-) mice. The LDLR(-/-) mice had a marked elevation in apoB-100 and a modest increase in apoB-48. In contrast, the apoE(-/-) mice had a marked elevation in apoB-48 but not in apoB-100. The LDLR(-/-); apoE(-/-) double homozygotes had marked elevations of both apolipoproteins. The observation that apoB-48 increases more dramatically with apoE deficiency than with LDLR deficiency supports the notion that apoE binds to a second receptor in addition to the LDLR. This conclusion is also supported by the observation that superimposition of a LDLR deficiency onto an apoE deficiency [apoE(-/-); LDLR(-/-) double homozygotes] does not increase hypercholesterolemia beyond the level observed with apoE deficiency alone.
Performance analysis of Ensemble methods on Twitter sentiment analysis using NLP techniques (2015)

Mining opinions and analyzing sentiments from social network data help in various fields such as even prediction, analyzing overall mood of public on a particular social issue and so on. This paper involves analyzing the mood of the society on a particular news from Twitter posts. The key idea of the paper is to increase the accuracy of classification by including Natural Language Processing Techniques (NLP) especially semantics and Word Sense Disambiguation. The mined text information is subjected to Ensemble classification to analyze the sentiment. Ensemble classification involves combining the effect of various independent classifiers on a particular classification problem. Experiments conducted demonstrate that ensemble classifier outperforms traditional machine learning classifiers by 3-5%.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Alzheimer’s Disease (1993)

To determine whether the detection of parietotemporal functional abnormalities as demonstrated by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be employed as a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we studied 219 patients with neurologic disorders including 56 with AD and 25 healthy controls. The diagnostic sensitivity (parietotemporal hypoperfusion present in AD patients) was 82%, and the specificity (parietotemporal hypoperfusion absent in non-AD patients and controls) was 89%. These results suggest that SPECT imaging provides an accurate and sensitive diagnostic test for AD.
Lecithin: cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in alcoholic liver disease. (1989)

The activity of LCAT (the controlling enzyme for cholesterol esterification in plasma) is known to be reduced in alcoholic cirrhosis, while little is known about early stage (liver steatosis) alcoholics. In this study, LCAT activity was assayed by Stokke and Norum's method, before and after a 15-day sobriety period, in liver steatosis and in cirrhosis alcoholics. Before alcohol withdrawal, LCAT activity was depressed in both groups. After the sobriety period, LCAT activity was significantly raised in liver steatosis patients, but was still lower than in controls; in cirrhosis patients, it was increased, but not significantly. According to our results, LCAT activity impairment in alcoholic liver disease is sustained by both the hypothesized mechanisms, alcohol-related metabolic disorders and lowered LCAT-enzyme production, but to different degrees, depending on the stage of the disease. In liver steatosis, metabolic disorders play a major role, as a liver-impairment-induced decrease in LCAT production seems rather unlikely, and increased LCAT activity is more likely to be sustained by metabolic normalisation than by any recovery of the damaged liver. However, the lack of improvement in about 20% of patients, and the fairly wide scattering of individual data, suggest a minor LCAT production impairment in liver steatosis too. In cirrhosis, the major role seems to be played by a permanent decrease in LCAT production, as no significant rise in LCAT activity was observed after alcohol withdrawal. However the restored LCAT activity observed in some patients could be related to improvement in the metabolic disorder, thus confirming the effectiveness of this mechnism in cirrhosis too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Single Intramammary Infusion of Recombinant Bovine Interleukin-8 at Dry-Off Induces the Prolonged Secretion of Leukocyte Elastase, Inflammatory Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides, and Interleukin-8 in Dairy Cows (2012)

A single intramammary infusion of recombinant bovine interleukin-8 (IL-8) at 50 μg/quarter/head, but not 10 μg/quarter/head, induced clinical mastitis in three of four cows during the dry-off period, resulting in an elevated rectal temperature, redness and swelling of the mammary gland, extensive polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration, and milk clot formation from 1 to 28 days post infusion (PI). In the mammary secretions of the mastitic glands, high levels of IL-8 were sustained from 8 hours to 28 days PI, peaking at 1-3 days PI. The levels of leukocyte-derived elastase and inflammatory 22 and 23 kDa lactoferrin derived peptides (LDP) were also increased in the mammary secretions from the mastitic glands. In addition to the experimentally induced mastitis, the mammary secretions from the glands of cattle with spontaneous Staphylococcus aureus dry-period mastitis displayed milk clot formations and significant increases in their levels of PMNL counts, elastase, LDP, and IL-8, compared with those of the mammary secretions from the uninfected glands. These results suggest that after an intramammary infusion of IL-8 has elicited inflammatory responses, it induces the prolonged secretion of elastase, inflammatory LDP, and IL-8, and that long-lasting IL-8-induced inflammatory reactions are involved in the pathogenesis of S. aureus dry-period mastitis.
DNA sequencing and expression of the gene <i>rnb</i> encoding <i>Escherichia coli</i> ribonuclease II (1993)

The Escherichia coli ribonuclease II (RNase II) is an exonuclease involved in mRNA degradation that hydrolyses single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3' to 5' direction. Sequencing of a 2.2 kb MseI-RsaI fragment containing the rnb gene revealed an open reading frame of 1794 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 598 amino acid residues, whose calculated molecular mass is 67,583 Da. This value is in good agreement with that obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides synthesized by expression with the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system. This system was also used to confirm the correct orientation of rnb. Translation initiation was confirmed by rnb-lacZ fusions. The mRNA start site was determined by S1 nuclease mapping. Two E. coli mutants harbouring different rnb alleles deficient in RNase II activity were complemented with the expressed fragment carrying the rnb gene.
[Treatment of pains from bone metastases with 90Y (author's transl)]. (1981)

For palliation of pain caused by bone metastases beta radiation isotope therapy was successful. As shown in experimental work on animals bone uptake of 90Y with its shorter half-life is high when it is administered as a citrate complex. 90Y can be eluted with high purity from a 90Sr "cow". The retention in man was found by whole-body counting to be higher than 80%. In preliminary trials on 16 patients the analgetic effect was the same as that of 89Sr. The properties of 90Y therapy are discussed.
Inclusion complexation of ziprasidone mesylate with β-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (1998)

Ziprasidone is an antipsychotic agent indicated primarily for the treatment of schizophrenia. An intramuscular dosage form of ziprasidone was developed using beta-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (SBECD) to solubilize the drug by complexation. Inclusion complexation of ziprasidone mesylate (ZM) with SBECD was studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Monte Carlo simulations, phase-solubility studies, and counterion titration. The results of the studies indicate that ZM, of which the counterion is not fully dissociated from the drug, forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with SBECD with the benzisothiazole group positioned in the cavity. A mathematical model was developed to calculate stability constants of inclusion complexes for the ion pair (Z+M-:SBECD) and the dissociated ionic form (Z+:SBECD) of ZM; the values were 7892 and 957 M(-1), respectively. The model also allowed the dissociation constants of noncomplexed and complexed ZM to be calculated; the value of the former is 8-fold greater than the value of the latter. These results indicate that the inclusion complex formation of the ion pair is favored over that of the dissociated ionic form of ZM, and that the dissociation of ZM is suppressed by inclusion complexation with SBECD.
A new model for collaborative learning of programming using source code similarity detection (2015)

Teaching programming typically requires assessment of programming codes submitted by students (as solutions to practice or exam exercises). The task becomes particularly difficult if the number of students enrolled in the programming course being taught increases to more than 100 - in such situations the evaluation cannot be done manually in a reasonable amount of time. Furthermore, the feedback for the students becomes impossible. The need for fast assessment of programming codes has led to the development of automated grading systems. As opposed to most systems that check each program's output for some predefined test cases in order to assess its correctness, in our previous work we have introduced a new model for semiautomatic student source code assessment [1]. Here, based on the ideas of that model, we propose a new model for collaborative learning of programming in case when there are a large number of students involved in the system i.e. enrolled in the programming course or engaged in preparations for programming contests.