gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltammetry and Redox Charge Storage Capacity of Ferrocene-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles (2009)

We describe the electrochemistry of 15 nm diameter silica nanoparticles densely functionalized with ferrocene (FcSiO(2)) through siloxane couplings. Each nanoparticle bears approximately 600 Fc sites, as measured by potentiometric titration (590 Fc) and diffusion-controlled voltammetry (585 Fc) and estimated by XPS (630 Fc). The nanoparticle ferrocene coverage amounts to ca. a complete monolayer of ferrocene sites, which react electrochemically without mutual interactions and which are apparently fully accessible for diffusion-controlled electrode reactions. Diffusion-controlled voltammetry of the FcSiO(2) nanoparticles was observed in dilute methanol dispersions and in more concentrated slurry phases formed in methanol/acetonitrile mixtures. Electrochemical studies reveal interesting behavior in the dilute and more concentrated solutions. Because of the large nanoparticle surface area/volume ratio, the ferrocene-coated silica nanoparticles are capable of storing up to 5 x 10(7) C/m(3) of redox charge as dry phases and 6 x 10(5) C/m(3) in the concentrated slurries.
COBOL/SRE: A COBOL System Renovation Environment (2002)

COBOL/SRE is a software reengineering and renovation environment for COBOL systems. It supports a wide range of features such as system-level analysis and browsing, program-level analysis and browsing, data model recovery, concept recognition, and code segmentation. COBOL/SRE is implemented on top of a distributed execution architecture to address issues of multi-user access, performance and openness. An overview of the major features of COBOL/SRE and its underlying architecture is given.
A Modified Formula of GIK (Glucose-Insulin-Potassium) Therapy for Treatment of Extensive Burn Injury in Dogs (1989)

The effectiveness of a modified glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) formula, which was derived from the results of a previous study (the maximal glucose disposal rate of 400 mg/M2/min required an insulin infusion rate at 1,200 mU/M2/min and KCl supplement rate at 0.08 mEq/M2/min), was evaluated in the treatment of extensive acute burn injury (EABI) in dogs. Under anesthesia initially with intravenous sodium pentobarbital 35 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg/hr, a third-degree burn of about 50% of the total body surface was created by acetylene torch over the ventral wall of the chest and abdomen. Cardiovascular parameters including heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, cardiac index, and cardiac contractility (dP/dt of left ventricular pressure), as well as blood chemical data of pH value and K+ concentration were monitored. The present GIK therapy in EABI dogs effectively prevented a decrease in cardiac function, markedly enhanced cardiac function, steadily prolonged cardiac enhancement, and safely avoided hypoglycemic attack.
Visible Light-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Addition via Oxidative and Reductive Quenching of Photocatalysts (2012)

Herein, the development of visible light-mediated atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of haloalkanes onto alkenes and alkynes using the reductive and oxidative quenching of [Ir{dF(CF(3))ppy}(2)(dtbbpy)]PF(6) and [Ru(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) is presented. Initial investigations indicated that the oxidative quenching of photocatalysts could effectively be utilized for ATRA, and since that report, the protocol has been expanded by broadening the scope of the reaction in terms of the photocatalysts, substrates, and solvents. In addition, further modifications of the reaction conditions allowed for the efficient ATRA of perfluoroalkyl iodides onto alkenes and alkynes utilizing the reductive quenching cycle of [Ru(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) with sodium ascorbate as the sacrificial electron donor. These results signify the complementary nature of the oxidative and reductive quenching pathways of photocatalysts and the ability to predictably direct reaction outcome through modification of the reaction conditions.
Writeprints (2008)

One of the problems often associated with online anonymity is that it hinders social accountability, as substantiated by the high levels of cybercrime. Although identity cues are scarce in cyberspace, individuals often leave behind textual identity traces. In this study we proposed the use of stylometric analysis techniques to help identify individuals based on writing style. We incorporated a rich set of stylistic features, including lexical, syntactic, structural, content-specific, and idiosyncratic attributes. We also developed the Writeprints technique for identification and similarity detection of anonymous identities. Writeprints is a Karhunen-Loeve transforms-based technique that uses a sliding window and pattern disruption algorithm with individual author-level feature sets. The Writeprints technique and extended feature set were evaluated on a testbed encompassing four online datasets spanning different domains: email, instant messaging, feedback comments, and program code. Writeprints outperformed benchmark techniques, including SVM, Ensemble SVM, PCA, and standard Karhunen-Loeve transforms, on the identification and similarity detection tasks with accuracy as high as 94% when differentiating between 100 authors. The extended feature set also significantly outperformed a baseline set of features commonly used in previous research. Furthermore, individual-author-level feature sets generally outperformed use of a single group of attributes.
Verwandlung der α‐Aminosäuren in Phenylhydantoïne (1900)

Gewicht der LBsung 13.803 g, spec.Gewicht stanz 1 g , Procentgehalt 7.23, Temperatur 200.im 2-Decimeterrohr -4.800.Mithin [.go = -3 I .so,mihrend fur die d-Verbindung + 30.650 gefunden 1.0392, Gewicht der Snb-Drebang bei Natriumlicht wurde.1a -A m i n o b u t t e r s a u r e .Sie wurde genau so dargeetellt, wie die &Verbindung, uiid zeigte rnit Ausnahme der Drehung gana die gleichen Eigenschaften.Fiir die fteie Saure wurde gefuiiden in wassriger Liisung [tL]anUO = -7.920bei 5.31 pCt.Gehalt.Gewicht der LBsung 16.643 g, spec.Gewicht 1.009, Gewicht der Substanz 0.8836 g, Temperatur 20".Drehung bei Natriumlicht im 2-Decimeterrohr -0.85O.Das salzaaure Salz gab in wassriger Liieung bei 4.77 pCt.Gehalt [ 1 1 ] 2 " = -14.34O.
Cleavage of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 by Enterovirus 71 3C Suppresses Cellular Responses (2012)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a positive-stranded RNA virus which is capable of inhibiting innate immunity. Among virus-encoded proteins, the 3C protein compromises the type I interferon (IFN-I) response mediated by retinoid acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) or Toll-like receptor 3 that activates interferon regulatory 3 (IRF3) and IRF7. In the present study, we report that enterovirus 71 downregulates IRF7 through the 3C protein, which inhibits the function of IRF7. When expressed in mammalian cells, the 3C protein mediates cleavage of IRF7 rather than that of IRF3. This process is insensitive to inhibitors of caspase, proteasome, lysosome, and autophagy. H40D substitution in the 3C active site abolishes its activity, whereas R84Q or V154S substitution in the RNA binding motif has no effect. Furthermore, 3C-mediated cleavage occurs at the Q189-S190 junction within the constitutive activation domain of IRF7, resulting in two cleaved IRF7 fragments that are incapable of activating IFN expression. Ectopic expression of wild-type IRF7 limits EV71 replication. On the other hand, expression of the amino-terminal domain of IRF7 enhances EV71 infection, which correlates with its ability to interact with and inhibit IRF3. These results suggest that control of IRF7 by the 3C protein may represent a viral mechanism to escape cellular responses.
Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Liquid CO<sub>2</sub>. 3. Oxidation of CO<sub>2</sub>-Philic Anthrahydroquinones (2000)

Hydrogen peroxide is currently produced via the sequential hydrogenation and oxidation of a 2-alkylanthraquinone. Use of liquid CO2 as the process solvent could ameliorate several environmental and engineering problems inherent to the conventional process. Oxidation reactions of perfluoroether-functionalized anthrahydroquinones (FAQH2s) generated in situ from Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of functionalized anthraquinones (FAQs) were conducted in a high-pressure batch reactor in liquid CO2. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to both O2 and FAQH2. We have also found that the reactivity of FAQH2 in the oxidation is not affected by the size of the “CO2-philic” tail or the nature of the linker between the aromatic rings and the CO2-philic tail. These results are correlated with our previous conclusions on the phase behavior of FAQs in CO2 and kinetic studies of hydrogenation of FAQs. Finally, an optimum structure of FAQ to be used in the process is proposed.
IEE Power Division: Chairman's address. Electric transport: the future prospects (1980)

A review of the prospects for increasing the use of electricity for transport reveals that the means are readily at hand. Both private and nationalised organisations within the UK have invested heavily in research and development, and the UK now holds a world lead in a number of the key technologies required for expanding the use of electricity in transport. A comparison of power flows when refuelling with petrol and refuelling with electricity leads to a set of conclusions on which most of the current research and development programmes seem to have been based. The limited-range battery-electric vehicle, the hybrid vehicle and main-line traction developments are considered, and the possibilities offered by all these technologies are reviewed. It is concluded that it is now up to the Government to act decisively in announcing an energy strategy that will take the UK into the 21st Century. It is inconceivable that the extended use of electricity for transport wifi not form part of such a strategy.
Investigation of interactions between metrology and lithography with a CD SEM simulator (2014)

The predictive power of computational lithography is often demonstrated by showing predicted 2D pattern shapes compared with top-down SEM images. However, image formation in a SEM is a complex process [1,2,3], and for most 3D lithography and OPC simulators, line width measurements and 2D pattern shapes are based on extracted resist polygons at a fixed height above the substrate. Generating resist polygon shapes with this method is driven by computationally efficiency instead of an attempt to describe the image formation process in an actual SEM. We present PROLITH photolithography simulations combined with simulation of the CD SEM to investigate the interactions between lithography and metrology. Our CD SEM simulator is a simplification of the complicated image formation process [4], but it captures many effects seen experimentally. For example, narrow trenches and contact holes are dark at the bottom in our simulated SEM images, while for isolated lines, the sidewall of the photoresist can clearly be observed all the way to the resist foot at the substrate. This simple result has important implications when evaluating lithographic phenomena such as LWR: for polygon-based metrology, simulated LWR is approximately constant with resist thickness; by contrast, the LWR increases with decreasing thickness when the same simulated 3D resist profiles are evaluated with the CD SEM simulator.
Volatile components of Bartlett pear. High boiling esters (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile components of Bartlett pear. High boiling estersRichard K. Creveling and Walter J. JenningsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 1, 19–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60167a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60167a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Stackelberg Game Theoretic Model of Lane-Merging (2020)

Merging in the form of a mandatory lane-change is an important issue in transportation research. Even when safely completed, merging may disturb the mainline traffic and reduce the efficiency or capacity of the roadway. In this paper, we consider a Stackelberg game-theoretic driver behavior model where the so-called utilities or payoffs reflect the merging vehicle's aggressiveness as it pertains the decision to merge as the situation stands or to accelerate, decelerate prior to the actual lane-change maneuver. The interaction of the merging vehicle with the mainline traffic is also considered whereby the combination of aggressiveness of the respective vehicles leads to both longitudinal and lateral disturbances to the mainline flow as well as subsequent reduction in the roadway throughput. The present study shows in semi-quantitative form that this impact depends on the level of aggressiveness of the merging and mainline vehicles, leading to the potential use of this model in traffic flow analysis and autonomous driving.
Monoclonal antibody analyses of cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses from fatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infections (1988)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the two major glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BDV) was used to evaluate the antigenic relationship between cytopathic (CP) and noncytopathic (NCP) viruses isolated from cattle dead or dying from fatal BDV infections. Various unrelated BDV isolates were initially screened by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies directed against the 56- to 58- and 48-kilodalton glycoproteins of the virus. A wide spectrum of reactivity that was independent of biotype was found. Biological clones of the same isolate showed only minor variations from the parental isolate, as did isolates taken from different animals located on the same farm. A similar analysis was repeated with pairs of CP and NCP viruses isolated from 16 unrelated clinical cases of BDV infection resulting in fatal disease. The reactivity patterns within individual pairs of isolates taken from the same animals were in most instances very similar and in some cases indistinguishable from one another. The results demonstrate that antigenic similarity between biotypes is a consistent finding in animals dying from fatal BDV infections. In view of the wide degree between biotypes is a consistent finding in animals dying from fatal BDV infections. In view of the wide degree of variation in reactivity patterns between unrelated BDV isolates, the close antigenic similarity of CP BDV to the homologous NCP BDV of a given pair strongly suggests that CP BDV arises by mutation from NCP BDV.
Effects of Spatial Correlation between Signal Subspaces on Indoor Localization Using Subspace Matching (2007)

We present experimental results about a spatial correlation between signal subspaces on indoor localization using a subspace matching. An eigenvector spanning signal subspace is used in the subspace matching. The eigenvector is based on not received signal strengths (RSS) but direction of arrival (DOA) of incident signals on an antenna array, and is unique to the location of the transmitter terminal. To estimate the location of the transmitter terminal, we use the magnitude of inner product between the eigenvector obtained by observation and that obtained in advance at each reference location in the database. The spatial correlation between signal subspaces influences the localization accuracy. Subspace matching localization requires high spatial correlation between neighborhood signal subspaces. In this paper, we evaluate the spatial correlation between signal subspaces by obtaining the eigenvectors at the fine-grid locations in an actual indoor environment. Experimental results show that, because the high spatial correlation between signal subspaces is quite local, the localization accuracy of subspace matching is high only when the database is constructed such that the distance between the adjacent reference locations is short.
ISOLATION OF VIRUS CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME (HFRS) THROUGH A CELL CULTURE SYSTEM (1983)

Twenty-three rat lung specimens collected in outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in three medical institutions were inoculated onto the VERO-E6 cell monolayers. After several blind passages, an agent growing serially in the cell cultures and reacting specifically with known HFRS-positive sera was isolated from two of these specimens. The two isolates were antigenically identical each other. The agent, named strain SR-11, was identified as the causative virus of HFRS by its antigenic identity with E6 cell-adapted HFRS virus, Hantaan 76-118 strain, and the specific reactions with sera from various HFRS cases.
Introduction (2010)

Abstract Positional correlations and linearization changes mark the transition to morphology and syntax. On most theoretical accounts, morphology is not autonomous, but interacts with at least three other domains: (i) phonology and perception, (ii) the lexicon/culture, and (iii) syntax. The first is treated extensively in Volume I. The second is illustrated with the rise of the feminine gender in Indo‐European, and the third by documentation of the changes from Latin to Romance in the shift from morphological to syntactic coding of reflexive, anticausative, middle, and passive. In morphological change, both inflectional and derivational markers are shown to spread by lexical diffusion. Syntactic change is (micro)parametric and is typically motivated by changes in lexical features combined with morphological attrition and/or principles of efficient computation. The latter are especially important for frequent crosslinguistic changes, including the numerous shifts from lexical to functional content as well as changes within functional categories. The volume closes with the genesis of creole inflectional, derivational, and syntactic categories, involving the interaction of contact phenomena with morphological and syntactic change.
Efficient implementation of rate matching for LTE turbo codes (2010)

Rate matching is an important component in 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and has a strong impact on its error correcting performance. Rate matching is part of error correct coding, which can impact the performance of hybrid ARQ (HARQ). Circular buffer rate matching algorithm has many advantages over earlier rate matching algorithm. One of its advantages is simple and flexible for any arbitrary code rate in LTE with excellent performance. In this paper, an efficient method to implement high throughput processing is proposed. The method is to rearrange the data order in memory to improve throughput and latency. However, implementation of rate matching is not very straightforward with the modified method. With the aid of the proposed method, rate matching can be implemented in parallel processing with low latency for high date rate applications.
Triterpenoid Constituents from the Roots of <i>Paeonia rockii</i> ssp. <i>rockii</i> (2011)

An investigation of a chloroform-soluble extract from the roots of Paeonia rockii ssp. rockii yielded three new noroleanane triterpenoids (1-3) together with 19 known compounds. Their structures were established by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The effects of this chloroform-soluble extract and its major constituents on cell proliferation and apoptosis of a panel of human cancer cell lines (melanoma M-14, colon cancer HT-29, breast cancer MCF-7) were evaluated by the MTT bioassay and propidium iodide staining, respectively, in comparison with normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Two of the triterpenoids, betulinic acid (4) and oleanolic acid (5), and the crude extract were cytotoxic and induced apoptosis selectively in the M-14 melanoma cell line. This effect was reversed by the caspase-inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, suggesting that such action is mediated by caspase-3 activation.
Quantitative Metrics of Net Proliferation and Invasion Link Biological Aggressiveness Assessed by MRI with Hypoxia Assessed by FMISO-PET in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastomas (2009)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are aggressive and uniformly fatal primary brain tumors characterized by their diffuse invasion of the normal-appearing parenchyma peripheral to the clinical imaging abnormality. Hypoxia, a hallmark of aggressive tumor behavior often noted in GBMs, has been associated with resistance to therapy, poorer survival, and more malignant tumor phenotypes. Based on the existence of a set of novel imaging techniques and modeling tools, our objective was to assess a hypothesized quantitative link between tumor growth kinetics [assessed via mathematical models and routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] and the hypoxic burden of the tumor [assessed via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging]. Our biomathematical model for glioma kinetics describes the spatial and temporal evolution of a glioma in terms of concentration of malignant tumor cells. This model has already been proven useful as a novel tool to dynamically quantify the net rates of proliferation (ρ) and invasion (D) of the glioma cells in individual patients. Estimates of these kinetic rates can be calculated from routinely available pretreatment MRI in vivo. Eleven adults with GBM were imaged preoperatively with 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO)–PET and serial gadolinium-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted MRIs to allow the estimation of patient-specific net rates of proliferation (ρ) and invasion (D). Hypoxic volumes were quantified from each FMISO-PET scan following standard techniques. To control for tumor size variability, two measures of hypoxic burden were considered: relative hypoxia (RH), defined as the ratio of the hypoxic volume to the T2-defined tumor volume, and the mean intensity on FMISO-PET scaled to the blood activity of the tracer (mean T/B). Pearson correlations between RH and the net rate of cell proliferation (ρ) reached significance (P &lt; 0.04). Moreover, highly significant positive correlations were found between biological aggressiveness ratio (ρ/D) and both RH (P &lt; 0.00003) and the mean T/B (P &lt; 0.0007). [Cancer Res 2009;69(10):4502–9] Major Findings Overall, biological aggressiveness assessed by serial MRI is linked with hypoxic burden assessed on FMISO-PET using a novel biomathematical model for glioma growth and invasion. This study suggests that patient-specific modeling of growth kinetics can provide novel and valuable insight into the quantitative connections between disparate information provided by multimodality imaging.