gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SRAM With Buried Power Distribution to Improve Write Margin and Performance in Advanced Technology Nodes (2019)

This letter proposes for the first time buried powered static random-access memory (SRAM) to achieve enhanced write margin and performance in advanced CMOS technology nodes. The buried power rail (BPR) for SRAM is silicon verified. The BPR helps to lower the bitline and wordline resistance by relaxing metal width in SRAM circuits and thereby enhances the write margin and performance. The proposed SRAM provides up to 340 mV and 30.6% improvement in write margin and read speed, respectively, as compared to its conventional counterpart without incurring any area penalty in a hardware influenced 3 nm CMOS technology.
低凝固点油滴の凝固を利用した潜熱蓄冷に関する基礎研究 : 第1報,低温水溶液中を浮上するテトラデカン油滴の流動および凝固特性 (1994)

Flow and solidification characteristics of tetradecane droplets [melting point of 5.8℃, latent heat of 229.1 kJ/kg, density of 770 kg/m^3 (at 6℃) ] ascending in ethlene glycol water solution of 30 weight percent at low temperature were investigated experimentally in order to examine the possibility of a liquid-liquid or liquid-solid direct-contact-type latent cold heat storage system. A new type of solidification rate meter is proposed in the present study. As a result, some interesting freezing behaviors of droplets were observed by the visualization technique. From the measurements of solidification rate of tetradecane droplets, the relationships between the solidification rate and some experimental parameters were clarified.
Fully aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters of 3‐phenyl‐4,4′‐biphenol with 4,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylic acid (1995)

Abstract A series of fully aromatic, thermotropic polyesters, derived from 3‐phenyl‐4,4′‐biphenol (MPBP), nonlinear 4,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylic acid (4,4′‐BDA), and various other comonomers was prepared by the melt polycondensation method and characterized for their thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior by a variety of experimental techniques. The homopolymer of MPBP with 4,4′‐BDA had a fusion temperature ( T f ) at 240°C, exhibited a nematic liquid crystalline phase, and had a narrow liquid crystalline range of 60°C. All of the copolyesters of MPBP with 4,4′‐BDA and either 30 mol % 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (HNA) or 50 mol % terephthalic acid (TA), 2,6‐naphthale‐nedicarboxylic acid (2,6‐NDA) and low T f values in the range of 210–230°C, exhibited a nematic phase, and had accessible isotropization transitions ( T i ) in the range of 320–420°C, respectively. As expected, each of them had a broader range of liquid crystalline phase than the homopolymer. They had a “frozen” nematic, glassy order as determined with the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) studies. The morphology of each of the “as‐made” polyesters had a fibrous structure as determined with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which arises because of the liquid crystalline domains. Moreover, they had higher glass transition temperatures ( T g ) in the range of 167–190°C than those of other liquid crystalline polyesters, and excellent thermal stabilities ( T d ) in the range of 500–533°C, respectively. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2,5-Dimethylcyclopentanecarboxylic Acids (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,5-Dimethylcyclopentanecarboxylic AcidsThomas L. Jacobs and Warner H. FlorsheimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 1, 256–261Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01157a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01157a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple NonInteractive Zero Knowledge Proofs Under General Assumptions (1999)

In this paper we show how to construct noninteractive zero knowledge proofs for any NP statement under general (rather than number theoretic) assumptions, and how to enable polynomially many provers to give polynomially many such proofs based on a single random string. Our constructions can be used in cryptographic applications in which the prover is restricted to polynomial time.
On r*‐sequenceability and symmetric harmoniousness of groups. II (1995)

Abstract In this paper we investigate symmetric harmoniousness of groups and connections of this concept to the R *‐sequenceability of groups. We prove that, under suitable assumptions, the direct product of a symmetric harmonious group with a group that is R *‐sequenceable is R *‐sequenceable; we discuss the symmetric harmoniousness of abelian and of nilpotent groups; we also prove that, for a fixed odd prime p , all but possibly finitely many of the nonabelian groups of order pq ( q prime, q ≡ 1 (mod p )) are symmetric harmonious. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Protein-serine kinase from rat epididymal adipose tissue which phosphorylates and activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Possible role in insulin action (1990)

1. Most of the cyclic-nucleotide-independent acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase activity in an extract of rat epididymal adipose tissue was evaluated from a Mono Q column by 0.175 M-NaCl at pH 7.4. The activity of the kinase in this fraction (fraction 1) was increased after exposure of intact tissue to insulin. 2. Incubation of purified adipose-tissue acetyl-CoA carboxylase with [gamma-32P]ATP and samples of fraction 1 led to the incorporation of up to 0.4 mol of 32P/mol of enzyme subunit. Most of the phosphorylation was on serine residues within a single tryptic peptide. This peptide, on the basis of two-dimensional t.l.c. analysis, h.p.l.c. and Superose 12 chromatography, appeared to be the same as the acetyl-CoA carboxylase peptide ('I'-peptide) which exhibits increased phosphorylation in insulin-treated tissue. 3. Phosphorylation of purified acetyl-CoA carboxylase by the kinase in fraction 1 was found to be associated with a parallel 4-fold increase in activity. However, increases in both phosphorylation and activity were much diminished if fraction 1 was treated by Centricon centrifugation to remove low-Mr components. Among these components was a potent inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity which appeared to be necessary for the kinase in fraction 1 to be fully active. 4. The inhibitor remains to be identified, but inhibition requires MgATP, although the inhibitor itself does not cause any phosphorylation of the carboxylase. No effects of insulin were observed on the activity of the inhibitor. 5. It is concluded that the kinase probably plays an important role in the mechanism whereby insulin brings about the well-established increases in phosphorylation and activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in adipose tissue.
Surface Reactive Fluid's Effect on Shale (2007)

Abstract In general shale is thought to be relatively nonreactive to low pH or acidic fluids. This is because of the general belief the clay, silt, and organic materials comprising the major components of shale formations exhibit insignificant bulk solubility in acid. What we find however is that shale units are highly laminated and contain acid-soluble minerals homogenized in the shale bulk matrix and natural fractures. XRD analysis and SEM images of shale samples show a great diversity and distribution of soluble material in the shale producing unit. SEM images of the shale fracture face before and after exposure to certain reactive fluids show a remarkable amount of surface texture disruption and micro-etching of the fractured surface. Based on these observations, it is concluded that reactive fluids are capable of (1) enhancing gas diffusion into and through narrow-aperture induced fractures, and (2) increasing surface area for flow of gas from the shale matrix. Such fluids are also capable of enhancing flow through mineral-filled microcracks or other secondary porosity. Initial production response from wells treated with reactive low pH fluids has been promising. This paper documents X-ray and SEM analyses of many shale plays in Oklahoma. Production enhancement mechanisms are proposed to explain the observed physical effects of these fluids on shale.
Noninvasive cardiac output measurement in orthostasis: pulse contour analysis compared with acetylene rebreathing (1999)

We tested the reliability of noninvasive cardiac output (CO) measurement in different body positions by pulse contour analysis (CO(pc)) by using a transmission line model (K. H. Wesseling, B. De Wit, J. A. P. Weber, and N. T. Smith. Adv. Cardiol. Phys. 5, Suppl. II: 16-52, 1983). Acetylene rebreathing (CO(rebr)) was used as a reference method. Twelve subjects (age 21-34 yr) were studied: 1) six in whom CO(rebr) and CO(pc) were measured in the standing and 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) postures and 2) six in whom CO was measured in the 30 degrees HDT, supine, 30 degrees head up-tilt (HUT), and 70 degrees HUT postures on a tilt table. The CO(rebr)-to-CO(pc) ratio in (near) the supine position during rebreathing was used as the calibration factor for CO(pc) measurements. Calibrated CO(pc) (CO(cal sup)) consistently overestimated CO in the upright posture. The drop in CO with upright posture was underestimated by approximately 50%. CO(cal sup) and CO(rebr) values did not differ in the 30 degrees HDT position. Changes in the CO(rebr)-to-CO(pc) ratio are highly variable among subjects in response to a change in posture. Therefore, CO(pc) must be recalibrated for each subject in each posture.
Phase noise effects on M-ary PSK trellis codes (1991)

The performance of M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) coded systems in the presence of added white Gaussian noise (AWGN), with a noisy carrier reference in the receiver, is examined. The results are obtained by combining the Chernoff bound technique with the generating function approach. The bit error probability analysis is carried out for 8- and 16-PSK with code rates of 2/3 and 3/4, respectively. The numerical results obtained demonstrate the error performance degradation due to a Tikhonov phase noise process with parameter alpha .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Marketing of Services--Implications for Leisure (1987)

Leisure is a service industry and traditional marketing approaches do not work well. New models are needed to improve the effectiveness of the leisure service industry.
Room-temperature grain growth in potassium chloride (1974)

The fine-grained structures produced in KCl crystals by press forging and rolling at elevated temperatures have been shown to be unstable at room temperature; large grains appear in the structures and grow at the expense of the fine-grained matrix. Some observations pertaining to the grain morphology, boundary migration rate, and suppression of the phenomenon are presented.
Screening of average-risk individuals for colorectal cancer. WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. (1990)

Recent developments in screening, diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer could lead to a reduction in mortality from this disease. Removal of adenomas, identification of risk factors, appropriate application of accurate diagnostic tests, and aggressive anatomic-surgical resection of colon cancers may already be having a favourable impact. Screening of average-risk populations over the age of 50 also offers promise in the control of this important cancer. The disease is of sufficient magnitude to deserve detection at an early stage with better prospects of patient survival, since screening tests with moderate sensitivity and high specificity are available. Flexible sigmoidoscopy and faecal occult blood tests are sufficiently acceptable to be included in case-finding among patients who are in the health care system. The results of current controlled trials involving more than 300,000 individuals for evaluating the impact of screening on mortality from colon cancer are needed before this approach can be recommended for general public health screening of the population. Further research is required to develop better screening tests, improve patient and physician compliance, and answer more definitively critical questions on cost-effectiveness. Mathematical modelling using current and new data can be used to determine the effectiveness of screening in conjunction with recommendations for primary prevention.
Fluorescence Properties of the Chromophore-Binding Domain of Bacteriophytochrome from <i>Deinococcus radiodurans</i> (2013)

Fluorescent proteins are versatile tools for molecular imaging. In this study, we report a detailed analysis of the absorption and fluorescence properties of the chromophore-binding domain from Deinococcus radiodurans and its D207H mutant. Using single photon counting and transient absorption techniques, the average excited state lifetime of both studied systems was about 370 ps. The D207H mutation slightly changed the excited state decay profile but did not have a considerable effect on the average decay time of the system or the shape of the absorption and emission spectra of the biliverdin chromophore. We confirmed that the fluorescence properties of both samples are very similar in vivo and in vitro. However, we found that the paraformaldehyde fixation of the Escherichia coli cells containing the recombinant phytochrome protein significantly changed the fluorescence properties of the chromophore-binding domain. The biliverdin fluorescence was diminished almost completely, and the fluorescence originated only from the protoporphyrin molecules. Our results emphasize that the effect of protoporphyrin IXa should not be ignored in the fluorescence experiments with phytochrome systems while designing better red fluorescence markers for cellular imaging.
New strategy for reconstructing partial‐Fourier imaging data in functional MRI (2001)

Most partial Fourier (PF) approaches use a low-resolution phase estimate in the reconstruction to account for non-zero phases of the image. These methods may fail when there are large phase errors, a situation commonly encountered in T(*)(2)-weighted functional MRI (fMRI). To mitigate this problem, a method was developed based on the inversion of a matrix formulated according to a phase map derived from iterative reconstruction. To make this method computationally practical for fMRI, a strategy was introduced such that the matrix inversion is performed only once for each slice in the time series, assuming that the phase map remains constant in the time series. To ensure the temporal phase invariance, physiological noise correction and global phase correction were applied to the data before the reconstruction. This method was demonstrated to be robust and efficient for fMRI. Magn Reson Med 46:1045-1048, 2001.
Induction of mixed erythroid-megakaryocyte colonies and bipotential blast cell colonies by recombinant human erythropoietin in serum-free culture (1990)

The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEp) on murine hematopoietic progenitors were studied using a serum-free culture. A high concentration of rEp stimulated the formation of mixed erythroid- megakaryocyte colonies (EM colonies) and blast cell colonies, as well as erythroid colonies, erythroid bursts, and megakaryocyte colonies from normal mouse bone marrow cells. Direct effects of rEp on EM colony, megakaryocyte colony, and erythroid burst formation were confirmed by depletion of accessory cells such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages from crude bone marrow cells, and inhibition of the colonies by the addition of rabbit anti-rEp antibody to the culture in a dose-dependent fashion. Replating experiments were performed to confirm the differentiating ability of blast cell colonies grown in the presence of rEp. Most of the blast cell colonies yielded not only secondary erythroid colonies but also megakaryocyte colonies in the presence of 2 IU/mL rEp. Some of the blast cell colonies produced secondary EM colonies in the presence of 16 IU/ml rEp of 2 IU/mL rEp plus interleukin-3, although no granulocyte-macrophage colonies were found in the secondary culture. These results suggest that Ep acts not only as a late-acting factor that is specific for erythroid progenitors, but also as a bipotential EM-stimulating factor for murine hematopoietic cells.
Quantitative ion chromatography without standards by conductivity detection (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative ion chromatography without standards by conductivity detectionSteven A. Wilson, Edward S. Yeung, and Donald R. BobbittCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 8, 1457–1460Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00272a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
.DELTA.R-ring contributions to phosphorus-31 NMR parameters of transition-metal-phosphorus chelate complexes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.DELTA.R-ring contributions to phosphorus-31 NMR parameters of transition-metal-phosphorus chelate complexesPhilip E. GarrouCite this: Chem. Rev. 1981, 81, 3, 229–266Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00043a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00043a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2255Altmetric-Citations881LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variation between experienced observers in the interpretation of accident and emergency radiographs. (1999)

Skill mix and role extension initiatives have highlighted the difficulty of establishing quality standards for the accuracy of plain film reporting. An acceptable performance might be one which is indistinguishable from that of a group of experienced consultant radiologists. In order to assess the feasibility of setting such a standard, the variation between experienced observers must first be established. This study examines the variation found between three observers with the three major types of plain film examination. 402 plain film examinations (205 skeletal, 100 chest and 97 abdominal) performed on accident and emergency patients were reported retrospectively and independently by three experienced radiologists. The clinical data supplied on the request cards were available to the readers. Each examination was categorized by each reader as being normal, as showing significant abnormality relevant to the current clinical problem, or as showing insignificant or irrelevant abnormality. Concordance between all three readers was found in 51%, 61% and 74% of abdominal, chest and skeletal radiographs, respectively. Weighted kappa values confirmed that the level of agreement between pairs of observers was higher with skeletal radiographs (kappa w = 0.76-0.77) than with chest (kappa w = 0.63-0.68), or abdominal (kappa w = 0.50-0.78) examinations. However, the frequency of major disagreements (at least one reader reporting "normal" and one reporting "relevant abnormality") was similar for abdominal (11%), chest (12%) and skeletal (10%) radiographs. When the reports were reclassified into only two groups--either significantly abnormal or not--pairs of observers disagreed on 9-10% of skeletal, 11-19% of chest and 8-18% of abdominal cases. The average incidence of errors per observer was estimated to be in the range 3-6%. The magnitude of interobserver variation in plain film reporting is considerable, and must be taken into account when designing assessment techniques and setting quality standards for this activity.
Ceramic microstructures : control at the atomic level (1998)

Introduction and Overviews: Structure and Composition of Interfaces in Ceramics and Ceramic Composites M. Ruhle, et al. Microstructures and Interfaces: Near Atomic Scale Nanochemistry and Structure: Ceramic Grain Boundaries and Interfaces R.W. Carpenter, W. Braue. Sintering and Grain Growth: Microdesigned Interfaces: New Opportunities for Studies of Surfaces and Grain Boundaries M. Kitayama, et al. Ceramic-Metal Interfaces: Metal/Oxide Interfaces: Chemistry, Wetting, Adhesion and Oxygen Activity D. Chatain, et al. Special Techniques/Novel Processes: The Impact of Interface Nonstoichiometry on Gas/Solid Kinetics J. Nowotny. Colloidal Processing: Colloidal Stability in Complex Fluids J.A. Lewis. Glasses and Ceramic Coatings: Multicomponent Oxide Coatings via Sol-Gel Process L. Bonhomme-Coury, et al. Nanostructured Materials: Characterization of Alumina/Silicon Carbide Ceramic Nanocomposites B. Derby, M. Sternitzke. Electrical Properties: Microstructure and Properties of SiC/SiC and SiC/III-V Nitride Thin Film Heterostructural Assemblies R.F. Davis, et al. Ceramic Composites: Mechanical Properties: 77 Additional Articles. Index.
Circuit-centric quantum classifiers (2020)

A machine learning design is developed to train a quantum circuit specialized in solving a classification problem. In addition to discussing the training method and effect of noise, it is shown that the circuits perform reasonably well on classical benchmarks.