gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrospective motion compensation using variable‐density spiral trajectories (2005)

Using appropriately designed VDS trajectories, residual motion artifacts can be significantly reduced by retrospectively correcting for in-plane rigid body motion. An overlapping region of approximately 8% of the central region of k-space and approximately 70 interleaves were found to be near-optimal parameters for retrospective correction using VDS trajectories.
Incubation Periods of Experimental Rhinovirus Infection and Illness (1996)

Eleven young adults with experimental rhinovirus infection (cases) and six noninfected saline-challenged young adults (controls) underwent nasal washings and symptom evaluations at 2-hour intervals for 24 hours after intranasal challenge. The mean and median periods to the first recovery of virus were 11.3 hours and 10 hours, respectively. Geometric mean rhinovirus titers in cases reached 10(0.2) log10 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose)/0.1 mL at 10 hours and rose to 10(1.0) log10 TCID50/0.1 mL at 18 hours. Nine (82%) of 11 cases and one (16.7%) of six controls had colds. Mean total symptom scores for cases became significantly higher than those for controls at 16 hours. Sore or scratchy throat appeared between 10 and 12 hours in cases, but nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea first appeared at 2 hours, thus suggesting some nasal irritation from the viral inoculum pool. The incubation period of experimental rhinovirus infection is similar to that in cell culture. Nasal and pharyngeal symptoms began early in infection.
Biological Cells as Storage Devices (2012)

Hard drive storage has been made cheaper, faster and larger. Disk storage technology in general has seen incredible advances including reduction in size, an increase in real density, and an increase in internal data rates, but the future of hard disk technology is uncertain. Biological cells are amazing machines. Cells store DNA, the information that is used to create life, and manufacture proteins. This paper proposes using a biological cell as a computer storage device much like a hard drive stores user data today.
Effect of the graded electron blocking layer on the emission properties of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes (2012)

We report on the effect of a graded AlGaN electron blocking layer (GEBL) on the emission properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells light-emitting diode (LED). The adoption of GEBL in the LED enhances the electroluminescence intensity and reduces the wavelength blue-shift with increasing injection current. The light output power of the GEBL LED is enhanced by 163% and 415% at 20 and 350 mA, respectively. Moreover, the forward voltage of the GEBL LED is reduced by 0.38 V at the forward current of 20 mA.
Immunoassay Reagents for Thyroid Testing. 1. Synthesis of Thyroxine Conjugates (1994)

Immunoreagents were designed to improve the performance of a commercial fluorescent polarization immunoassay for thyroxine. The thyroxine immunogen was prepared by selective coupling of N-acetyl-L-thyroxine to BSA via an aminocaproic acid spacer arm. The fluorescent tracer was prepared by a multistep reaction sequence which relied on extensive use of orthogonal protecting groups.
Epitaxial growth of a (100) CoSi2 layer from carbonic cobalt films deposited on (100) Si substrate using an organometallic source (1999)

We report the epitaxial growth of a (100) CoSi2 layer on Si (100) substrate by the diffusion of Co from an amorphous carbonic cobalt film. The employment of an intermediate buffer layer, usually required between Si and pure Co, was eliminated in this experiment. The amorphous carbonic cobalt film was prepared by the organometallic chemical vapor deposition of cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyl cobalt, Co(η5–C5H5)(CO)2 at 350 °C. The carbonic cobalt film was capped by a sputtered Ti layer to avoid oxidation of Co during annealing. A CoSi2 layer was epitaxially grown on Si (100) by ex situ rapid thermal annealing at 800 °C in N2 ambient. The supply of Co by diffusion in the carbonic cobalt film seemed to be low enough to form an epitaxial CoSi2 layer.
Mineral Fouling Control by Underwater Plasma Discharge in a Heat Exchanger (2011)

The excessive mineral contents in water circulation systems could cause severe fouling in heat transfer equipment. The present study investigated the effect of underwater pulsed spark discharges on the mitigation of mineral fouling in a concentric counterflow heat exchanger. Artificial hard water with calcium carbonate hardness of 250 mg/L was used with velocity ranging from 0.1 m/s to 0.5 m/s and zero blowdown. Fouling resistances decreased by 50–72% for the plasma treated cases compared with the values for no-treatment cases, indicating that the pulsed spark discharge could significantly mitigate the mineral fouling on the heat exchanger surface.
Hybridoma Technology for the Generation of Rodent mAbs via Classical Fusion (2014)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have proven to be instrumental in the advancement of research, diagnostic, industrial vaccine, and therapeutic applications. The use of mAbs in laboratory protocols has been growing in an exponential fashion for the last four decades. Described herein are methods for the development of highly specific mAbs through traditional hybridoma fusion. For ultimate success, a series of simultaneously initiated protocols are to be undertaken with careful attention to cell health of both the myeloma fusion partner and immune splenocytes. Coordination and attention to detail will enable a researcher with basic tissue culture skills to generate mAbs from immunized rodents to a variety of antigens (including proteins, carbohydrates, DNA, and haptens) (see Note 1). Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro methods used for antigen sensitization of splenocytes prior to somatic fusion are described herein.
Genetic Polymorphism of Delta-Aminolevulinate Dehydrase in Several Population Groups in Israel (1987)

The genetic polymorphism of red cell delta aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALADH) has been investigated in several population groups in Israel: Ashkenazi Jews, non-Ashkenazi Jews from North Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Yemen and the Balkans, and Arabs. The distribution of the ALADH genes was not homogeneous (chi 2 = 36.83; d.f. = 8; p less than 0.0005). A significantly higher frequency of the ALADH2 gene was observed among the Ashkenazi Jews (0.2021) than among the non-Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs (gene frequencies 0.0825-0.1290) or all the other population samples so far studied (Liberia, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain).
Electrocrystallization of Tetrathiafulvalene Charge-Transfer Salt Nanorods on Gold Nanoparticle Seeds (2014)

This paper describes electrochemical synthesis of nanorods of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) charge-transfer salt on gold nanoparticle (GNP) seeds. The seed-mediated process was monitored by cyclic voltammetry, AFM, and field-emission SEM. The electrodeposition of GNPs (nucleation seeds) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes was studied as a function of the electrolytic conditions. The GNP size increases with increasing HAuCl4 concentration and decreasing applied overpotential. A morphological transition from quasi-spherical particles to dendritic aggregates occurs when the HAuCl4 concentration increases from 0.5 to 1 mM. The electrocrystallization of (TTF)Br0.76 on the GNP-decorated HOPG was investigated as a function of TTF concentration and GNP morphology. We observed a preferential nucleation of (TTF)Br0.76 on the GNP seed. The seed-mediated (TTF)Br0.76 crystals display a confined crystal morphology in comparison to those nucleated on bare HOPG. (TTF)Br0.76 nanorods as small as 7 nm in height were nucleated on GNPs of 20 nm in height. We also observed preferential nucleation of (TTF)Br0.76 on high-energy facets rather than on the most prominent face of the GNP. The nanoconfinement effect is attributed to the local curvature of the GNP seed that imposes an interfacial strain, thus limiting the cross-sectional dimension of the ensuing (TTF)Br0.76 crystal. This study contributes to the understanding of electrocrystallization at the nanoscale and a solution-based method to incorporate nanorods on nanopatterns and nanodevices.
Postherpetic Neuralgia (1997)

REACTIVATION OF latent varicella-zoster virus infection, manifest as herpes zoster, is a common disease affecting approximately 20% of individuals at some point in their lifetimes, with about 50% of the risk concentrated in individuals older than 50 years.<sup>1</sup>The most common and feared complication of zoster, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), afflicts 27% to 73% of individuals older than 55 years.<sup>2,3</sup>Age is the most significant and best described risk for PHN. In this issue of theARCHIVES2 articles,<sup>4,5</sup>drawing on the extensive computerized database of a large managed care practice, retrospectively summarize an experience throughout 2 years with zoster and its sequelae, including PHN. Citing a recent report of the rising incidence of zoster in their client population, Galil et al<sup>4</sup>sought to determine whether the sequelae of zoster were also changing in incidence or character. They report an overall complication rate of zoster of about
Anthocyanin Glycosides from Berry Fruit Are Absorbed and Excreted Unmetabolized by Both Humans and Rats (2003)

Anthocyanins, the red/blue pigments found in plants, are polyphenolic compounds consumed by humans and are part of a normal diet. Recent studies have shown that anthocyanins have substantial bioactivity including antioxidant activity and therefore may have beneficial effects on human health. Anthocyanins are a group of over 500 compounds of diverse structures containing different core phenolic aglycons and conjugated with sugars in a variety of glycosylation patterns. In this study, we have investigated the bioabsorption of 15 anthocyanins with structures containing different aglycons and conjugated sugars extracted from blueberry, boysenberry, black raspberry, and blackcurrant in both humans and rats. Intact and unmetabolized anthocyanins were detected in urine of rats and humans following dosing for all molecular structures investigated, thus demonstrating that anthocyanins with diverse molecular structure and from different dietary sources are bioavailable at diet relevant dosage rates. In addition, the relative concentrations of anthocyanins detected in urine following dosing varied, indicating that differences in bioavailability are due to variations in chemical structure. Our results suggest that the nature of the sugar conjugate and the phenolic aglycon are both important determinants of anthocyanin absorption and excretion in rats and humans.
Digital transmission codes: properties of HDB3 and related ternary codes with reference to broadcast signal distribution (1974)

An investigation has been carried out to assess the implications for broadcast signal distribution of the use of HDB3 as the proposed customer interface code in the Post Office digital communication network. HDB3 is a three-level transmission code with no d.c. component and with a bound on the maximum number of successive equilevel symbols. These two characteristics are important since a.c. coupling may then be employed in the transmission path and virtually continuous timing information can be extracted from the coded signal.The properties of related transmission codes, including the class of alphabetic (or block) codes were also investigated, in view of the likely adoption of one of these (4B 3T) by the Post Office as a line transmission code at the higher bit rates.The effect of transmission-code digit errors on the decoded binary sequence was studied and suitable error correction schemes are outlined. An experimental HDB3 codec was constructed, primarily to demonstrate the feasibility of such transcoding at bit rates up to the order of 120 Mb/s, using commercially available integrated circuits.
A multiple-site-specific heteroduplex tracking assay as a tool for the study of viral population dynamics (2000)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Deep electron and hole traps in neutron transmutation doped n-GaN (2011)

In neutron transmutation doped n-GaN, the electrical properties are found to be dominated not by shallow Ge donors produced by interaction of thermal neutrons with Ga, but by electron traps at 0.45 or 0.2 eV. The traps switch from the former to the latter when the anneal temperature increased from 800 to 1000 °C. The concentrations of both traps rose linearly with neutron fluence and were close to the concentration of Ge donors, suggesting they are Ge complexed with different radiation defects. The authors note the similarity of the properties of these traps to the properties of the dominant electron traps in as-irradiated n-GaN. They also observed prominent hole traps with a level near Ev+1.2 eV. These traps were not detected in virgin or as-irradiated samples. The concentration of the 1.2 eV hole traps increased linearly with neutron fluence, and these traps were assigned to Ga vacancy complexes with oxygen.
Feasibility of intracranial near‐infrared optical scanning (1994)

Light injected at a point on a surface of a scattering medium is emitted at the surface after traveling a quasisemicircular path deep into the medium. This phenomenon can be exploited to detect objects immersed in the medium from time-resolved measurements of light intensity at the surface. Our experiments on model systems demonstrate that absorbing objects, surrounded by bone and other scattering material, can be detected. The technique yields surface images of absorbing objects submerged in a scattering medium. Images of the same phantoms inside the cavity of a skull can be obtained by the same technique.
Convergence insufficiency in brain-injured patients (1989)

Disorders of eye movements are relatively common in brain-injured patients. Some of these disturbances are caused by direct trauma to the orbital content, cranial nerves and other brain areas. Convergence, which is a part of the near-vision complex and depends on the integrative function of the cortical and subcortical areas, is commonly affected by traumatic brain injury. Intact vergence needs the integrative function of brain structures associated with acquisition of information on one side and intact mesencephalic function, including function of a vergence integrator, and their interconnections. Clinical investigation of vergence function in 26 traumatically brain-injured patients examined as early as possible after trauma revealed disturbances in over a third of the examinees. A follow-up of 72 patients some 3 years after injury revealed vergence insufficiency in 42%. Convergence insufficiency was associated with longer periods of coma (p less than 0.001), presence of cognitive disturbances (p less than 0.005) and patients' failing to find work in the open market (p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the presence of disturbed vergence several years after trauma, and its close association with prolonged coma and cognitive disturbances, is an expression of permanent damage to mesencephalic and cortical brain structures and can serve as an important aid in evaluation of these patients. This paper describes the close relationship between vergence state and over-all rehabilitation outcome as evaluated by patients' occupational status.
TU‐A‐9A‐09: Proton Beam X‐Ray Fluorescence CT (2014)

Purpose: To evaluate x‐ray fluorescence computed tomography induced with proton beams (pXFCT) for imaging of gold contrast agent. Methods: Proton‐induced x‐ray fluorescence was studied by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using TOPAS, a MC code based on GEANT4. First, proton‐induced K‐shell and L‐shell fluorescence was studied as a function of proton beam energy and 1) depth in water and 2) size of contrast object. Second, pXFCT images of a 2‐cm diameter cylindrical phantom with four 5‐ mm diameter contrast vials and of a 20‐cm diameter phantom with 1‐cm diameter vials were simulated. Contrast vials were filled with water and water solutions with 1‐5% gold per weight. Proton beam energies were varied from 70‐250MeV. pXFCT sinograms were generated based on the net number of gold K‐shell or L‐shell x‐rays determined by interpolations from the neighboring 0.5keV energy bins of spectra collected with an idealized 4π detector. pXFCT images were reconstructed with filtered‐back projection, and no attenuation correction was applied. Results: Proton induced x‐ray fluorescence spectra showed very low background compared to x‐ray induced fluorescence. Proton induced L‐shell fluorescence had a higher cross‐section compared to K‐shell fluorescence. Excitation of L‐shell fluorescence was most efficient for low‐energy protons, i.e. at the Bragg peak. K‐shell fluorescence increased with increasing proton beam energy and object size. The 2% and 5% gold contrast vials were accurately reconstructed in K‐shell pXFCT images of both the 2‐cm and 20‐cm diameter phantoms. Small phantom L‐shell pXFCT image required attenuation correction and had a higher sensitivity for 70MeV protons compared to 250MeV protons. With attenuation correction, L‐shell pXFCT might be a feasible option for imaging of small size (∼2cm) objects. Imaging doses for all simulations were 5‐30cGy. Conclusion: Proton induced x‐ray fluorescence CT promises to be an alternative quantitative imaging technique to the commonly considered XFCT imaging with x‐ray beams.
Preparation of chiral hydroxyester synthons vis stereoselective porcine pancreatic lipase-catalysed hydrolyses of meso-diesters (1985)

Stereoselective porcine pancreatic lipase-catalysed hydrolyses of monocyclic meso-1,2-diesters provides a flexible and convenient preparative route to chiral hydroxyesters and lactones of asymmetric synthetic value.
Gas Embolism After Ingestion of Hydrogen Peroxide (1990)

Gas embolism to the portal venous system is a well-recognized radiographic sign in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. It also has been seen after colonic irrigation with hydrogen peroxide solution.1,2 We present what we believe is the first reported patient with radiographic evidence of portal venous gas embolism after ingestion of hydrogen peroxide solution. This finding is important because gas embolism to the portal venous system after colonic irrigation with hydrogen peroxide has been associated with gangrenous and perforated bowel.1,2 CASE REPORT A 2-year-old boy ingested an unknown amount of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. The child was found with foam around his mouth.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Photo:plethysmography and Acceleration Data at the Wrist (2016)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a pathological cardiac condition leading to increased risk for embolic stroke. Screening for AF is challenging due to the paroxysmal and asymptomatic nature of the condition. We aimed to investigate whether an unobtrusive wrist-wearable device equipped with a photo-plethysmographic (PPG) and acceleration sensor could detect AF. Sixteen patients with suspected AF were monitored for 24 hours in an outpatient setting using a Holter ECG. Simultaneously, PPG and acceleration data were collected at the wrist. PPG data was processed to determine the timing of heartbeats and inter-beat-interval (IBI). Wrist acceleration and PPG morphology were used to discard IBIs in presence of motion artefacts. An ECG validated first-order Markov model was used to assess the probability of irregular rhythm due to AF using PPG-derived IBIs. The AF detection algorithm was compared with clinical adjudications of AF episodes after review of the ECG records. AF detection was achieved with 97 2% sensitivity and 99 3% specificity. Due to motion artefacts, the algorithm did not provide AF classification for an average of 36 9% of the 24 hours monitoring. We concluded that a wrist-wearable device equipped with a PPG and acceleration sensor can accurately detect rhythm irregularities caused by AF in daily life.
Palaeozoic glacial rocks recently discovered in northern Ethiopia (1971)

Summary Tillite and other glacial rocks have been found at the base of a sedimentary sequence in the northern part of Tigre Province, Ethiopia. Their glacial origin cannot be doubted, for in addition to beds of tillite containing abundant striated boulders, glaciated bedrock has been found. The rocks are correlatives either of the Upper Carboniferous glacial rocks of southern Africa or of Ordovician glacial rocks recently mapped in the Hoggar District of southern Algeria.
Evaluation of Intramuscular Levonantradol and Placebo in Acute Postoperative Pain (1981)

Double-blind administration of a single intramuscular dose of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg levonantradol or placebo to 56 patients with moderate to severe postoperative or trauma pain showed significant analgesic effects of each dose of levonantradol as compared to placebo (P less than 0.05). However, no significant dose response was observed. Compared to 2/16 patients on placebo, 23/40 patients (57 per cent) on levonantradol reported one or more side effect. Drowsiness was most frequent. Dry mouth, dizziness, "weird dreams," mild hallucinations, nervousness, apprehension and confusion occurred less frequently. Changes in resting heart rate and blood pressure were minor and general acceptability was good.
Characteristics of Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on n/n<sup>+</sup>-Si and p/n<sup>+</sup>-Si Photoanodes Modified by Metal Films (1990)

Abstract Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs), composed of different epitaxial n-Si photoanodes coated with evaporated metal film of Ni, Pt, Ni/Pt and immersed in solution with redox couple Br 2 /Br - or Fe(NC) 3 6 Fe(CN) 4 6 - were investigated. The open circuit photovoltage and short circuit curent density of these PECs under optimum conditions by illuminating with a bromine-tungsten lamp (65 mW/cm 2 ), are 0.494 V and 45.8 mA/cm 2 , respectively. By using a p/n + junction for the epitaxial silicon and the Schottky barrier effect formed at the silicon-metal interface, a much higher conversion efficiency of optical to electrical energy up to 12.3% could be achieved
Lesions in the Anterior Motor Horn Cells of Rats after Administration of Bis-β-Cyanoethylamine (Study of a Nitrile Closely Related to the Lathyrus Factor) (1958)

Journal Article Lesions in the Anterior Motor Horn Cells of Rats after Administration of Bis-β-Cyanoethylamine (Study of a Nitrile Closely Related to the Lathyrus Factor) Get access Henrik A. Hartmann, M.D., Henrik A. Hartmann, M.D. Madison, Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph J. Lalich, M.D., Joseph J. Lalich, M.D. Madison, Wisconsin †Supported in part by Research Grant from U. S. Public Health Service A538 (C6) from the National Institutes of Health. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Akert, Ph.D. K. Akert, Ph.D. Madison, Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 17, Issue 2, April 1958, Pages 298–304, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-195804000-00012 Published: 01 April 1958