gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>PLASTOCHRON1</i> , a timekeeper of leaf initiation in rice, encodes cytochrome P450 (2004)

During postembryonic development of higher plants, the shoot apical meristem produces lateral organs in a regular spacing (phyllotaxy) and a regular timing (plastochron). Molecular analysis of mutants associated with phyllotaxy and plastochron would greatly increase understanding of the developmental mechanism of plant architecture because phyllotaxy and plastochron are fundamental regulators of plant architecture. pla1 of rice is not only a plastochron mutant showing rapid leaf initiation without affecting phyllotaxy, but also a heterochronic mutant showing ectopic shoot formation in the reproductive phase. Thus, pla1 provides a tool for analyzing the molecular basis of temporal regulation in leaf development. In this work, we isolated the PLA1 gene by map-based cloning. The identified PLA1 gene encodes a cytochrome P450, CYP78A11, which potentially catalyzes substances controlling plant development. PLA1 is expressed in developing leaf primordia, bracts of the panicle, and elongating internodes, but not in the shoot apical meristem. The expression pattern and mutant phenotype suggest that the PLA1 gene acting in developing leaf primordia affects the timing of successive leaf initiation and the termination of vegetative growth.
Formation of carbon nitride films on Si(100) substrates by electron cyclotron resonance plasma assisted vapor deposition (1994)

We report the growth of thin carbon nitride films on Si(100) substrates at temperatures in the range of 100–700 °C using electron-beam evaporation of graphite assisted with electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma generated nitrogen species. The effect of the substrate temperature, and the nitrogen flow on the composition ratio C/N, and the C—N bonding were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and Raman spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra show that the films produced exhibit a very high visible to infrared transmittance (0.85–0.95). These spectra were dominated by amine group (NH2) with the presence of C-N stretching modes. From both RBS and XPS, the nitrogen concentration in the film was calculated and was found in the range of 24%–48%, depending on the nitrogen partial pressure in the ECR source. Raman spectrum of the high nitrogen content thin film shows a well resolved peak at 1275 cm−1 suggesting the formation of a fourfold coordinated (sp3) CN film.
Aluminum Alkoxides as Synthons for Methylalumoxane (MAO):  Product-Catalyzed Thermal Decomposition of [Me<sub>2</sub>Al(μ-OCPh<sub>3</sub>)]<sub>2</sub> (2001)

The thermal decomposition of [Me2Al(μ-OCPh3)]2, to yield Ph3CMe and methylalumoxane ([MeAlO]n, MAO), is initially catalyzed by the addition of AlMe3; however, the reaction is also catalyzed by the MAO product. The overall reaction rate takes the form: rate = kTMA[{Me2Al(μ-OCPh3)}2][AlMe3] + kMAO[{Me2Al(μ-OCPh3)}2][MAO], where kMAO ≫ kTMA. The ΔH⧧ for the AlMe3- and MAO-catalyzed reactions have been determined as 175 ± 8 and 190 ± 15 kJ·mol-1, respectively. Both reactions show a large positive value of ΔS⧧ (41 ± 8 eu and <53 eu, respectively), indicative of a dissociative reaction. The thermal decomposition of [Me2Al(μ-OCPh3)]2 is also catalyzed by Lewis acids, including AlCl3, AlCl2Me, and AlClMe2. On the basis of the relative rates of the AlMe3-catalyzed thermal decomposition of [Me2Al(μ-OCPh3)]2, [Me2Al(9-Ph-fluoroxy)]2 (1), and [Me2Al(9-Me-fluoroxy)]2 (2) and the MAO-catalyzed C-methylation of [Me2Al(μ-OR)]2 [R = CMePh2 (3), CMe2Ph (4), CH2Ph, C6H11, C6H4-4-tBu (5)], it is proposed that the rate-determining step for C-methylation involves heterolytic cleavage of the O−C bond and the formation of a carbonium ion. The more stable the carbonium ion, the faster the reaction. Additionally, it is proposed that Lewis acid catalysis is due to the formation of an asymmetrically bridged hemi-alkoxide, whose formation is an equilibrium process such that the observed rate of the reaction will be dependent on the equilibrium for the reaction of [Me2Al(μ-OCPh3)]2 with the Lewis acid.
Investigation and reduction of hot electron induced punchthrough (HEIP) effect in submicron PMOSFETs (1986)

Hot carrier reliability in submicron PMOSFETs has been investigated. The punchthrough voltage is seriously reduced due to Hot Electron Induced Punch-through (HEIP) in submicron PMOSFETs. In order to mitigate the HEIP effect, an LDD PMOSFET has been optimized by examining the channel electric field, substrate and gate currents, and the threshold voltage shifts due to hot electron injection. A device lifetime of more than 10 years has been obtained using LDD PMOSFETs with gate lengths of 0.8 µm at the worst case supply voltage (5.5v).
Palladacycle-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Chlorides under Air (2013)

A highly efficient and practical protocol for palladacycle-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of alkynyl carboxylic acids with aryl chlorides was developed. The reaction could proceed smoothly in air within 3 h under optimized reaction conditions (1 mol % of palladacycle, 4 mol % of Xphos, 2.0 equiv of K2CO3 in xylene/H2O), affording the corresponding internal alkynes in mostly good to excellent yields. Remarkably, this result represents the first successful examples of this type of decarboxylative cross-coupling using electron-poor, electron-neutral and even inactive sterically hindered electron-rich aryl chlorides as the starting materials.
The Reaction of 8-Nitroquinoline with Thiophenol—Thiophenoxide Ion. An Example of Anionic Substitution<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of 8-Nitroquinoline with Thiophenol—Thiophenoxide Ion. An Example of Anionic Substitution1Robert C. Elderfield and Elizabeth F. ClaflinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 12, 2953–2959Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01132a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01132a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid Detection of Gram-Negative Bacterial Meningitis by the Limulus Lysate Test (1973)

The limulus lysate test was evaluated as a tool for the rapid diagnosis of gram-negative bacterial meningitis in 112 patients. Positive assays were obtained on all initial cerebrospinal-fluid specimens from 38 patients with culture-proved gram-negative bacterial meningitis. Gram stain demonstrated organisms in 25 of these specimens. Negative limulus assays were obtained on all samples from 74 patients with gram-positive bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, aseptic meningitis or meningeal leukemia, as well as patients without meningitis. The limulus assay is a rapid, sensitive test for the diagnosis of untreated gram-negative bacterial meningitis, and may be useful for the detection of persistent bacterial growth or residual endotoxin in the absence of other spinal-fluid abnormalities. (N Engl J Med 289:931–934, 1973)
Benefits of limited wavelength conversion in WDM ring networks (2002)

A number of recent papers have studied the impact of wavelength conversion in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Relatively few works have studied the effect of providing limited wavelength conversion capability in these networks. This paper surveys our recent results on this topic. Consider a ring network of N nodes. We assume bidirectional links and lightpaths, which are typically realized using pairs of counter-propagating connections. For each lightpath we are given a route in the network and must assign a wavelength on each link along its route. Our results apply to the situation where no blocking whatsoever is allowed; in other words, all lightpath requests must be supported.
Transforming Arbitrary Tables into F-Logic Frames with TARTAR (2005)

The tremendous success of the World Wide Web is countervailed by eorts needed to search and nd relevant information. For tabular structures embedded in HTML documents typical keyword or link-analysis based search fails. The Semantic Web relies on annotating resources such as documents by means of ontologies and aims to overcome the bottleneck of nding relevant information. Turning the current Web into a Semantic Web requires automatic approaches for annotation since manual approaches will not scale in general. Most eorts have been devoted to automatic generation of ontologies from text, but with quite limited success. However, tabular structures require additional eorts, mainly because understanding of table contents requires a table structures comprehension task and a semantic interpretation task, which exceeds in complexity the linguistic task. The focus of this paper is on automatic transformation and generation of semantic (F-Logic) frames from table-like structures. The presented work consists of a methodology, an accompanying implementation (called TARTAR) and a thorough evaluation. It is based on a grounded cognitive table model which is stepwise instantiated by the methodology. A typical application scenario is the automatic population of ontologies to enable query answering over arbitrary tables (e.g. HTML tables).
Responses of Sorghum Varieties to Intercropping (1974)

SUMMARY Tall local sorghum and new dwarf varieties were compared, both as sole crops and when intercropped with an early cereal, in a replicated experiment, and at five sites in observation plots. Dwarf varieties were superior both as intercrops and as sole crops, and intercropping was better than sole cropping for all varieties. In the experiment 27 per cent more total grain yield (sorghum + early cereal) was obtained when dwarf varieties were used instead of tall. When the sorghum was intercropped, increased yields per plant came largely because there were more grains per head.
[Application of bronchofiberscopy laryngeal mask coupled with foreign body forceps in the removal of children airway foreign bodies]. (2014)

Bronchofiberscopy laryngeal mask airway coupled with foreign body forceps applied in the removal surgery of children airway foreign body is safe, effective and with less complication.
Penile Cutaneous Temperature in Systemic Sclerosis: A Thermal Imaging Study (2007)

Systemic Sclerosis is a connective tissue disorder featuring vascular alterations and an immunological activation leading to a progressive and widespread fibrosis of several organs such as the skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract, heart and kidney. Moreover men with systemic sclerosis (SSc) present an increased risk of developing erectile dysfunction (ED). Recently, we evaluated the extent of penile vascular damage in sclerodermic patients using Duplex ultrasonography. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether penile thermal differences exist between sclerodermic patients and healthy controls. For this reason 10 men with SSc receiving current treatment for their disease, and 10 healthy controls were enrolled; penile thermal properties were assessed through non-contact thermal imaging (functional Infra Red Imaging fIRI); erectile function was evaluated using the sexual health inventory for men (SHIM) questionnaire. The SHIM results confirmed the presence of ED in sclerodermic patients. Baseline penile temperature in patients (32.1 +/- 1.4 degrees C) was lower than in controls (34.1 +/- 0.9 degrees C). Recovery from cooling test was seen to be faster in healthy controls than in patients, both in terms of recovery amplitude (patients 3.75 +/- 2.09 degrees C, controls 9.80 +/- 2.77 degrees C) and amplitude to time constant ratio (patients 1.21 +/- 0.64 degrees C/min, controls 1.96 +/- 0.48 degrees C/min). These results show that penile thermal abnormalities occur in almost all sclerodermic patients. Non-contact thermal imaging not only identifies thermal alterations but also clearly distinguishes between SSc patients and healthy controls and therefore could represent a valuable instrument in identifying early ED in SSc patients.
Connecting Look and Feel: Associating the Visual and Tactile Properties of Physical Materials (2017)

For machines to interact with the physical world, they must understand the physical properties of objects and materials they encounter. We use fabrics as an example of a deformable material with a rich set of mechanical properties. A thin flexible fabric, when draped, tends to look different from a heavy stiff fabric. It also feels different when touched. Using a collection of 118 fabric samples, we captured color and depth images of draped fabrics along with tactile data from a high-resolution touch sensor. We then sought to associate the information from vision and touch by jointly training CNNs across the three modalities. Through the CNN, each input, regardless of the modality, generates an embedding vector that records the fabrics physical property. By comparing the embedding vectors, our system is able to look at a fabric image and predict how it will feel, and vice versa. We also show that a system jointly trained on vision and touch data can outperform a similar system trained only on visual data when tested purely with visual inputs.
New insight into the soot nanoparticles in a candle flame (2011)

Using anodic aluminium oxide films as collectors, all four well known carbon forms, diamond, graphitic, fullerenic and amorphous particles, are identified inside a candle flame, suggesting a new nucleation mechanism for diamond growth and fullerene formation in a combustion synthesizing process.
Iron–dextran as a magnetic susceptibility contrast agent: Flow‐related contrast effects in the T2‐weighted spin‐echo MRI of normal rat and cat brain (1992)

Iron-dextran (1 mmol Fe/kg) was used as an intravascular, paramagnetic contrast agent in rat and cat brain in conventional spin-echo T2-weighted (TR 2800/TE 100) 1H magnetic resonance imaging. The resulting images displayed differential decreases (30-50%) in intensity whose pattern was similar to that obtained with the superparamagnetic particulate iron oxide AMI-25 (0.18 mmol Fe/kg). Postcontrast images displayed improved anatomic detail, and contrast effects were observed to be greater in cortical and subcortical gray matter than in adjacent white matter. Intravenous injection of acetazolamide after administration of iron-dextran caused a small additional decrease in image intensity. Measurement of whole blood and plasma at 5 min postinjection of either contrast agent revealed significant increases in their volume magnetic susceptibilities. The contrast effect appears to be related to magnetic susceptibility changes brought about by the iron-dextran; it has both blood volume and blood flow components. The static model of magnetic susceptibility effects in brain capillaries is modified to include bolus flow of erythrocytes, providing a mechanism for the observed flow effects.
Codimerization of Ethylene and Styrene Catalyzed by Bis(triphenylphosphine)σ-aryl Nickel(II) Halide- Trifluoroboron Etherate (1971)

The codimerization of styrene with ethylene was studied using the catalyst system composed of bis(triphenylphosphine)σ-aryl(bromo)nickel(II) and trifluoroboron etherate in methylene dichloride. The codimerization takes place readily at 0 °C under atmospheric pressure to give 3-phenyl-1-butene selectively. The reaction scheme was discussed on the basis of the product distribution during the course of reaction and its kinetics.
[Anti-inflammatory action of acemetacin (author's transl)]. (1980)

The anti-inflammatory efficacy of [1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetoxy]acetic acid (acemetacin, TV 1322, Rantudil) a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is described. The stronger inhibition of inflammation in kaolin-induced edema of the rat paw could experimentally be proved with the new compound in comparison with a series of marketed anti-inflammatory agents. Acemetacin is highly effective following both oral and parenteral administration. Following provocation of inflammation in the rat paw by a series of other different agents acemetacin was more strongly effective than indometacin following oral administration. Clear advantage of acemetacin as against indometacin were shown after influencing Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis. In local inflammation too, for example in the wool pellet test, the development of granulation tissue and exudate was inhibited to the same extent as following application of corticosteroid. Both skin erythema and dye-stuff spreading by inhibition of hyaluronidase were antagonised. From the results obtained with acemetacin in numerous inflammatory models conclusion can be drawn as to the multiple sites of action in the reaction chain of inflammation.
Hair Cell Regeneration: The Identities of Progenitor Cells, Potential Triggers and Instructive Cues (2007)

Hair cells are produced and accumulate in the ears of fish and amphibians as they grow during postembryonic life; hair cell regeneration occurs in lateral line organs in those groups and in the cochlea in birds. Continuous time-lapse microscopy has directly demonstrated that supporting cells divide to give rise to hair cells during regeneration in lateral line neuromasts. Supporting cells also appear to give rise to hair cells during regeneration in the avian ear, but additional cell types have been proposed as hair cell progenitors. Alternative interpretations of current evidence are discussed in relation to the possibility that supporting cells may be the common progenitor in all cases of hair cell regeneration. The regenerative proliferation of hair cells in birds occurs in populations of cells that are mitotically quiescent in undamaged ears. Evidence suggests that the extrusion of damaged hair cells and the breaking of intercellular junctional adhesions may be a trigger for regenerative proliferation. The potential triggering influence of phagocytes is also discussed. The differentiation of replacement cells during regeneration in the cochlea may be regulated by surface interactions between cells. A model that could account for the reconstitution of the mosaic pattern of hair cells and supporting cells is proposed.
Incorporating Human Factor Considerations in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Routing (2012)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly valuable military assets, and reliance upon them will continue to increase. Despite lacking an onboard pilot, UAVs require crews of up to three human operators. These crews are already experiencing high workload levels, which is a problem that will be likely compounded as the military envisions a future where a single operator controls multiple UAVs. To accomplish this goal, effective scheduling of UAVs and human operators is crucial to future mission success. We present a mathematical model for simultaneously routing UAVs and scheduling human operators, subject to operator workload considerations. This model is thought to be the first of its kind. Numerical examples demonstrate the dangers of ignoring the human element in UAV routing and scheduling.
Two 5'-ETS regions implicated in interactions with U3 snoRNA are required for small subunit rRNA maturation in Trypanosoma brucei (1999)

Early pre-rRNA processing events were examined in the ancient protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and found to have both distinctive and conserved features. Two 5'-ETS cleavages occur: A' and the newly discovered A0. A' and A0 appear related to vertebrate and yeast primary pre-RNA cleavage sites, respectively. However, trypanosomatid primary rRNA transcripts can first be processed at the ITS1/5.8S boundary and 5'-ETS sequences then removed by consecutive cleavages at A', A0 and A1 at the 5'-ETS/SSU rRNA junction. 5'-ETS sequences previously crosslinked to U3 snoRNA were tested for their roles in rRNA processing using our new tagged rRNA system. Two distinct A'-adjacent sequence elements, which may pair with U3 hinge bases, were specifically required for SSU rRNA production, as was a downstream element. The latter element appears conserved with the yeast 5'-ETS U3 binding sequence, required for A0, A1 and A2 cleavages, in that they both share 10 bases complementary with U3 hinge sequences and lie upstream from A0 and A1 sites located in a potential stem-loop structure. The distinctive positioning of putative trypanosomatid U3 binding sites with respect to A" and A0 cleavages suggests that different U3-dependent mechanisms may direct each processing event.
Vibrating wire viscometer (1975)

A new technique, developed to measure the linewidth of a vibrating wire, is presented in this paper. After a discussion on the accuracy of the method, the theory of the vibrating wire is reviewed, with particular regard to the conditions under which the Stokes theory can be applied to real experiments.
[Malignancy in gastric carcinoma, with special reference to the DNA ploidy and proliferative activity]. (1988)

Analysis of DNA ploidy patterns was performed on 129 primary gastric cancers and the results correlated with histologic findings and in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Forty-nine cases were diploid (38%) and 80 cases were aneuploid. There was no correlation between DNA ploidy and histologic type. In aneuploid cancers, incidence of lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and rate of advanced cases were significantly higher than those in diploid tumors. During the follow-up period of 5-10 years, 23 of the 40 patients (55%) with aneuploid tumors died of disease within 3-120 months. Only 13 of the 36 patients (36%) with diploid tumors died of disease. The BrdU labeling indices (BrdU LI) were from 2.8% to 26.7%, with a mean of 10.4%. There was no correlation between BrdU LI and histologic type or stage. The mean BrdU LI of early cancers was 8.1%, of advanced cancers, 11.9%. BrdU LI of cancers with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis was higher than those without them. The mean BrdU LI of diploid cancer was 6.0%, of aneuploid cancers, 11.9%. There was a good correlation between BrdU labeling indices and DNA ploidy patterns. These results indicate that determination of DNA ploidy patterns and growth fractions by BrdU labeling may be useful in the conjecture of prognosis of the patient and in the selection of patients from various modalities.