gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifibrinolytic activities of alpha-N-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and tranexamic acid. Importance of kringle interactions and active site inhibition. (1992)

alpha-N-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester (NALME) is a lysine analogue that reportedly binds to low-affinity lysine binding sites in plasmin(ogen) and miniplasmin(ogen). In the studies presented here, we show that NALME has antifibrinolytic activity; however, unlike the therapeutic agents epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid (epsilon ACA) and tranexamic acid (TEA), the activity of NALME is based on inhibition of the plasmin active site. NALME (0.1-10 mM) significantly inhibited the amidase activity of plasmin, miniplasmin, and streptokinase-plasmin complex without affecting alpha-thrombin or tissue plasminogen activator. epsilon ACA and TEA (0.1-10 mM) did not affect the amidase activity of plasmin or miniplasmin. A kinetic analysis showed that NALME is a competitive inhibitor of D-Val-L-Lys-p-nitroanilide HCl (S-2251) hydrolysis by plasmin; NALME binding to plasmin completely prevented S-2251 binding. The Kl for the plasmin-NALME interaction was 0.4 mM. epsilon ACA and TEA inhibited fibrin monomer digestion by plasmin and miniplasmin without binding to the active site of either enzyme. This result suggests that epsilon ACA and TEA function as antifibrinolytics by disrupting the noncovalent association of fibrin monomer with a domain common to both plasmin and miniplasmin (probably kringle 5). NALME inhibited fibrin monomer digestion principally by decreasing amidase activity. NALME was the only lysine analogue that prevented fragment X formation; TEA and epsilon ACA primarily inhibited the formation of fragments Y and D. When plasmin was incubated simultaneously with alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, epsilon ACA increased the fraction of plasmin reacting with alpha 2-macroglobulin; NALME had no effect on the plasmin distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamics of Hybrid Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Containing Silica Nanoparticles Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering (2013)

Nanohybrid gels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and colloidal silica nanoparticles were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The influence of chemical cross-links and radical initiators on the dynamics of the network and the nanoparticles were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). In ensemble averaged autocorrelation functions we observed two decay modes in the hybrid gels, a gel mode and a Brownian diffusion mode of the silica nanoparticles particles at a concentration higher than 0.03%. An increase in the chemical cross-linking ratio did not influence the gel mode while the silica nanoparticles diffusion mode was slowed down. At lower silica concentrations, we observed (1) a higher scattered light intensity than for a silica suspension and for a gel without silica, (2) an increased plateau value, and (3) no silica diffusion mode in the autocorrelation function. These results indicate that the hybrid gels were more heterogeneous. The gelation time decreased in the presence of silica at low concentration compared with the corresponding gel without silica, suggesting that the transfer of radicals from persulfate to silica surface occurs and that PAAm chains grow from the surface creating increased heterogeneity in the gels.
Use of B cell-bound HLA-A2 class I monomers to generate high-avidity, allo-restricted CTLs against the leukemia-associated protein Wilms tumor antigen (2004)

Recent studies have detected Wilms tumor antigen (WT1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and demonstrated that most of these CTLs were low avidity. Although HLA-mismatched donors can mount high-avidity CTLs against HLA-A2-presented peptides of WT1, a dominant anti-alloimmune response usually obscures detection of peptide-specific CTLs. Here we explored the feasibility of using recombinant HLA-A2 monomers containing single peptide epitopes as immunogens to generate peptide-specific CTLs from allogeneic donors. We demonstrate that the coating of HLA-A2(-) B lymphocytes with A2/peptide monomers provides a strong stimulus for autologous peptide-specific CTLs. After 3 to 5 rounds of stimulation a population of CD8(+) T cells binding A2/peptide tetramers is easily detectable by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Furthermore, sorted A2/WT1 tetramer-positive CTLs display strong cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells expressing WT1 endogenously but not against WT1(-) human tumor cells. Thus, HLA/peptide monomers may be useful to isolate peptide-specific donor lymphocytes for treatment of patients with leukemia after HLA-mismatched transplantation.
Functional Expression, Characterization, and Purification of the Catalytic Domain of Human 11-β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (2001)

11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to hormonally active cortisol and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders including insulin resistance and obesity. The enzyme is a glycosylated membrane-bound protein that has proved difficult to purify in an active state. Extracted enzyme typically loses the reductase properties seen in intact cells and shows principally dehydrogenase activity. The C-terminal catalytic domain is known to contain a disulfide bond and is located within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, anchored to the membrane by a single N-terminal transmembrane domain. We report here the functional expression of the catalytic domain of the human enzyme, without the transmembrane domain and the extreme N terminus, in Escherichia coli. Moderate levels of soluble active protein were obtained using an N-terminal fusion with thioredoxin and a 6xHis tag. In contrast, the inclusion of a 6xHis tag at the C terminus adversely affected protein solubility and activity. However, the highest levels of active protein were obtained using a construct expressing the untagged catalytic domain. Nonreducing electrophoresis revealed the presence of both monomeric and dimeric disulfide bonded forms; however, mutation of a nonconserved cysteine residue resulted in a recombinant protein with no intermolecular disulfide bonds but full enzymatic activity. Using the optimal combination of plasmid construct and E. coli host strain, the recombinant protein was purified to apparent homogeneity by single step affinity chromatography. The purified protein possessed both dehydrogenase and reductase activities with a K(m) of 1.4 micrometer for cortisol and 9.5 micrometer for cortisone. This study indicates that glycosylation, the N-terminal region including the transmembrane helix, and intermolecular disulfide bonds are not essential for enzyme activity and that expression in bacteria can provide active recombinant protein for future structural and functional studies.
Hardware-based smart camera for recovering high dynamic range video from multiple exposures (2014)

In many applications such as video surveillance or defect detection, the perception of information related to a scene is limited in areas with strong contrasts. The high dynamic range (HDR) capture technique can deal with these limitations. The proposed method has the advantage of automatically selecting multiple exposure times to make outputs more visible than fixed exposure ones. A real-time hardware implementation of the HDR technique that shows more details both in dark and bright areas of a scene is an important line of research. For this purpose, we built a dedicated smart camera that performs both capturing and HDR video processing from three exposures. What is new in our work is shown through the following points: HDR video capture through multiple exposure control, HDR memory management, HDR frame generation, and representation under a hardware context. Our camera achieves a real-time HDR video output at 60 fps at 1.3 megapixels and demonstrates the efficiency of our technique through an experimental result. Applications of this HDR smart camera include the movie industry, the mass-consumer market, military, automotive industry, and surveillance.
Size Determination of (Bio)conjugated Water-Soluble Colloidal Nanoparticles:  A Comparison of Different Techniques (2007)

The size of inorganic colloidal nanoparticles coated with organic layers of different thickness has been measured with different techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and thermophoresis. The results are critically compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of the respective methods are discussed.
Restenosis after coronary angioplasty: review of the literature (1988)

The average restenosis rate reported so far in the literature is just below 30%. Although restenosis correlates well with the recurrence of symptoms, the two factors are not identical. The incidence of myocardial infarction during the first 2 years after coronary angioplasty is 4% and the incidence of death is 2%. These two cardiac events are rarely the first symptom of restenosis. Restenosis, therefore, is not primarily a life threatening disease but still deserves prompt evaluation and correction. Restenosis is stenosis-related rather than patient-related. Thus, restenosis rate per patient increases with the number of lesions or arteries treated. Restenosis rates vary considerably with centres. Serial analyses of restenosis rates at individual centres revealed that the restenosis rates remained constant at a centre-specific level. Differences in case selection and particularities in data definition and analysis may account for both these observations. There is no sound evidence that procedural factors (balloon size, number, duration, or pressure of inflations, etc.) or drug regimens are capable of reducing the recurrence rate. All risk factors for restenosis identified so far are difficult to influence. Extinguishable factors such as smoking seem of little importance in this particular problem. Efforts to find ways of reducing restenoses after coronary angioplasty are commendable and necessary. Their chance of success, however, is small. 'Old customers' will continue to represent 20-30% of the clientele for coronary angioplasty. Their risk for failure and complications is small, but they do carry a considerable risk of restenosis.
On iris camera interoperability (2012)

With the advancements in iris matching and growing number of system deployments, a wide variety of iris cameras are now being manufactured. These cameras differ in manufacturing technology, including image acquisition spectrum and illumination settings. For large scale applications (e.g. UID system in India) where cameras from several vendors are likely to be used for iris enrollment and authentication, iris camera interoperability is an important consideration. The question we address here is: will the matching accuracy differ in matching iris images captured by two different cameras compared to images captured by the same camera? We propose an iris camera classification-based preprocessing framework to address iris interoperability. The camera classification output is used to perform selective iris image enhancement. Experimental results on the IIITD Multi-Sensor Iris database collected locally and the Notre Dame Cross Sensor database show a significant improvement in the cross-camera iris recognition accuracy using the proposed approach.
PRMT5-mediated histone H4 arginine-3 symmetrical dimethylation marks chromatin at G + C-rich regions of the mouse genome (2013)

Symmetrical dimethylation on arginine-3 of histone H4 (H4R3me2s) has been reported to occur at several repressed genes, but its specific regulation and genomic distribution remained unclear. Here, we show that the type-II protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 controls H4R3me2s in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In these differentiated cells, we find that the genome-wide pattern of H4R3me2s is highly similar to that in embryonic stem cells. In both the cell types, H4R3me2s peaks are detected predominantly at G + C-rich regions. Promoters are consistently marked by H4R3me2s, independently of transcriptional activity. Remarkably, H4R3me2s is mono-allelic at imprinting control regions (ICRs), at which it marks the same parental allele as H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and DNA methylation. These repressive chromatin modifications are regulated independently, however, since PRMT5-depletion in MEFs resulted in loss of H4R3me2s, without affecting H3K9me3, H4K20me3 or DNA methylation. Conversely, depletion of ESET (KMT1E) or SUV420H1/H2 (KMT5B/C) affected H3K9me3 and H4K20me3, respectively, without altering H4R3me2s at ICRs. Combined, our data indicate that PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s uniquely marks the mammalian genome, mostly at G + C-rich regions, and independently from transcriptional activity or chromatin repression. Furthermore, comparative bioinformatics analyses suggest a putative role of PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s in chromatin configuration in the nucleus.
Promoter (2016)

The glossary contains definitions and explanatory notes, if needed, of over 230 terms frequently used in publications in the multidisciplinary field of biotechnology. The glossary was developed as a step to help facilitate communication between chemists, chemical engineers, biologists and bioengineers and to make biotechnology and its methodologies more accessible to the chemical profession. The interrelation between chemistry, chemical engineering and the burgeoning areas of molecular biology will be especially important as chemical industrial processes begin to incorporate recombinant DNA techniques, for example. The range of terms includes microbiology, genetic engineering, biochemistry, molecular biology, biochemical engineering, bioprocessing and general concepts of biotechnology.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Chlorides of the Trivalent Early Lanthanides Phase Diagrams, Crystal Structures and Thermodynamic Properties. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Review of Vision Based Hand Gestures Recognition (2014)

With the ever-increasing diffusion of computers into the society, it is widely believed that present popular mode of interactions with computers (mouse and keyboard) will become a bottleneck in the effective utilization of information flow between the computers and the human. Vision based Gesture recognition has the potential to be a natural and powerful tool supporting efficient and intuitive interaction between the human and the computer. Visual interpretation of hand gestures can help in achieving the ease and naturalness desired for Human Computer Interaction (HCI). This has motivated many researchers in computer vision-based analysis and interpretation of hand gestures as a very active research area. We surveyed the literature on visual interpretation of hand gestures in the context of its role in HCI and various seminal works of researchers are emphasized. The purpose of this review is to introduce the field of gesture recognition as a mechanism for interaction with computers.
Analysis of the volatile components in Minnan oolong tea by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography- time of flight mass spectrometry and the application in its variety identification (2015)

A method to analyze the volatile components in Minnan oolong tea was developed based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS). Volatile compounds of 48 oolong tea samples with different qualities and production seasons from five varieties (Tieguanyin, Huangjingui, Benshan, Maoxie and Meizhan) were extracted by HS-SPME and analyzed by GC×GC-TOF MS. More than 2 000 peaks were obtained from each sample, and 51 common compounds were tentatively identified by comparison with the standard mass spectrum databases, retention indices and structure spectra. The projection score of the common compounds obtained from principal component analysis ( PCA) had presented a straightforward classification trend for different oolong tea varieties. In addition, 9 compounds which had significant impact on the classification were selected by stepwise discriminate analysis, and used as variables to establish four discriminated functions by Fisher's discriminate analysis (FDA). The accuracy for the recognition of 48 samples was 97. 9%. The results had demonstrated the feasibility of the method to be used to discriminate the oolong tea varieties.
A Novel Peptide Motif for Platelet Fibrinogen Receptor Recognition (1997)

To develop a specific antagonist of platelet alphaIIbbeta3 using small linear peptides, we synthesized a series of hexapeptides that did not have an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and examined their anti-platelet activity and their specificity for alphaIIbbeta3. We found a novel motif sequence, Pro-X1-X2-X3-Asp-X4, where X1 to X4 were all L-form alpha-amino acids, which specifically inhibited aggregation of human platelets at submicromolar concentrations. The Pro residue at the N terminus was essential to the anti-platelet activity, and the acetylation of the imino group of this residue also resulted in the complete loss of the activity. The results of the binding assay using purified human platelet alphaIIbbeta3 and placental alphavbeta3 and those of the cell adhesion assay suggest that this motif peptide is highly specific for platelet alphaIIbbeta3 among other integrins. Flow cytometric studies using an fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled RGD peptide showed that this motif peptide inhibited the binding of an RGD peptide to activated platelets, suggesting that it has the same inhibitory mode as RGD peptides. Conformational analysis of this motif peptide and an RGD-containing peptide suggests that the imino group of the Pro residue may substitute for the role of the guanidino group of the Arg residue of the RGD sequence.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer From Enhanced Surfaces to Dielectric Fluids (1982)

Pool boiling heat-transfer measurements were made using a 15.8 mm o.d. plain copper tube and three copper enhanced surfaces: a Union Carbide High Flux surface, a Hitachi Thermoexcel-E surface and a Wieland Gewa-T surface. The dielectric fluids were Freon-113 and Fluorinert FC-72, a perfluorinated organic compound manufactured to cool electronic equipment. Data were taken at atmospheric pressure, and at heat fluxes from 100 W/m2 to 200,000 W/m2. Prior to operation, each test surface was subjected to one of three aging procedures to observe the effect of surface past history upon boiling incipience. For Freon-113 the enhanced surfaces showed a two to tenfold increase in the heat-transfer coefficient when compared to a plain tube, whereas for FC-72 an increase of two to five was measured. The High Flux surface gave the best performance over the range of heat fluxes. The Gewa-T surface did not show as much of an enhancement at low fluxes as the other two surfaces, but at high fluxes its performance improved. In fact, it was the only surface tested which delayed the onset of film boiling with FC-72. The degree of superheat required to activate the enhanced surfaces was sensitive to both past history of the surface and to fluid properties.
Synergism between hydrogen peroxide and seventeen acids against five agri-food-borne fungi and one yeast strain (2012)

A rapid screening method developed in our laboratory for bacteria was adapted to fungi and used to reveal the synergistic potential of disinfectants and/or sanitizers combinations.
The Structure of Human Retinol-Binding Protein (RBP) with Its Carrier Protein Transthyretin Reveals an Interaction with the Carboxy Terminus of RBP<sup>,</sup> (1999)

Whether ultimately utilized as retinoic acid, retinal, or retinol, vitamin A is transported to the target cells as all-trans-retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP). Circulating in the plasma, RBP itself is bound to transthyretin (TTR, previously referred to as thyroxine-binding prealbumin). In vitro one tetramer of TTR can bind two molecules of retinol-binding protein. However, the concentration of RBP in the plasma is limiting, and the complex isolated from serum is composed of TTR and RBP in a 1 to 1 stoichiometry. We report here the crystallographic structure at 3.2 A of the protein-protein complex of human RBP and TTR. RBP binds at a 2-fold axis of symmetry in the TTR tetramer, and consequently the recognition site itself has 2-fold symmetry: Four TTR amino acids (Arg-21, Val-20, Leu-82, and Ile-84) are contributed by two monomers. Amino acids Trp-67, Phe-96, and Leu-63 and -97 from RBP are flanked by the symmetry-related side chains from TTR. In addition, the structure reveals an interaction of the carboxy terminus of RBP at the protein-protein recognition interface. This interaction, which involves Leu-182 and Leu-183 of RBP, is consistent with the observation that naturally occurring truncated forms of the protein are more readily cleared from plasma than full-length RBP. Complex formation prevents extensive loss of RBP through glomerular filtration, and the loss of Leu-182 and Leu-183 would result in a decreased affinity of RBP for TTR.
Inhibitory effects of Spirulina in zymosan‐induced arthritis in mice (2002)

The anti-inflammatory effect of microalgae Spirulina was studied in zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Four days after the intra-articular injection of zymosan (15 mg/ml), Spirulina (100 and 400 mg/kg perorally) was administered to animals for 8 days. The mice were than killed and beta-glucuronidase was measured in the synovial fluid. Each knee joint was totally removed for histopathological studies. Spirulina significantly reduced the levels of beta-glucuronidase that had been increased by zymosan. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed inhibition of the inflammatory reaction, whereas no destruction of cartilage, well-preserved chondrocytes, and normal rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were seen. The anti-arthritic effect exerted by Spirulina as shown in this model may be at least partly due to the previously reported antiinflammatory and antioxidative properties of its constituent, phycocyanin. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-inflammatory effect of Spirulina in an experimental model of arthritis.
131 Ethnic differences in 5 year outcome following percutaneous coronary intervention (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly used for symptomatic relief and for prognostic benefit. However, it is not known if differences in outcomes exist between South Asians and White Europeans offered PCI. <h3>Methods</h3> We followed a cohort of 293 South Asians and 865 White Europeans admitted for elective or urgent PCI. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors and angiographic data were obtained. Patients had long-term follow-up (54 (IQR 47–65) months) for all-cause mortality and target lesion revascularisation (TLR). <h3>Results</h3> South Asians were younger (62±12 years vs 66±11 years; p<0.0001), with a higher prevalence of diabetes, greater social deprivation (Carstairs Score: 10.2 (IQR 6.5–12.1) vs 3.3 (IQR 0.9–6.5); p<0.0001) and presented more acutely (urgent PCI procedure). During follow-up 119 deaths and 111 TLR (94 repeat PCI and 17 CABG) occurred. Long-term all-cause mortality was similar between South Asians and White Europeans (31(10.6%) vs 107(12.4%); p=0.47). However, South Asian ethnicity was an independent predictor of long-term TLR (54(18.4%) vs 57(6.6%); OR:3.14 (2.01–4.91); p<0.0001) (Abstract 131 Figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> South Asian patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing PCI have a long-term mortality similar to White Europeans. However, South Asians more frequently require readmission for repeat revascularisation due to restenosis.