gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological and biochemical modulation of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate after shifting of culture medium from TPS-1 into TYM (1998)

To evaluate the biological and biochemical characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate, the growth and size of trichomonads, pathogenicity in mouse, protein profiles and proteinase activity were examined after shifting the medium from TPS-1 into TYM. Generation time of trichomonads in TYM medium was 4.5 hr in comparison to TPS-1 with 7.1 hr. Size of trichomonads cultured in TPS-1 medium (8.5 +/- 0.9 x 6.0 +/- 0.9 microns) was significantly smaller than those in TYM medium (10.9 +/- 1.4 x 8.2 +/- 0.9 microns). Trichomonads cultured in TYM medium produced subcutaneous abscess in 9 out of 10 mice, whereas those in TPS-1 medium produced abscesses in 2 out of 10 mice. In SDS-PAGE, trichomonad lysates from both media showed ten common bands. However, trichomonads in TYM medium showed additional bands of 136 kDa, 116 kDa and 40 kDa in comparison to those in TPS-1 with 100 kDa. By immunoblot with T. vaginalis-immunized rabbit sera, T. vaginalis cultivated in both TYM and TPS-1 media showed 5 common bands, and unique bands of 116 kDa, 105 kDa, and 86 kDa were observed in trichomonads in TYM while a 140 kDa band in those in TPS-1. In gelatin SDS-PAGE, trichomonads in TYM degraded gelatin stronger than those in TPS-1. Also protease activity of trichomonads in TYM was significantly higher than that of trichomonads in TPS-1 using Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-Nan as a substrate. According to the results, it is assumed that the shift from TPS-1 into TYM medium for cultivation of T. vaginalis might modulate the biological and biochemical properties of T. vaginalis in vitro.
Supportive care in hematologic malignancies: hematopoietic growth factors, infections, transfusion therapy (2000)

A number of recent developments in the supportive care of hematological malignancies have been selected for critical discussion. The first section focuses on the role of evidence-based guidelines in influencing the use of hematopoietic growth factors in medical practice. The next section updates the current clinical status of amifostine (Ethyol, Alza Corp., Palo Alto CA, USA, and US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA, USA) the first broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent available. The management of invasive fungal infections and the use of liposomal antifungal agents are reviewed next. Finally, the current status of transfusion support is presented.
Memristor, Hodgkin–Huxley, and Edge of Chaos (2013)

From a pedagogical point of view, the memristor is defined in this tutorial as any 2-terminal device obeying a state-dependent Ohm's law. This tutorial also shows that from an experimental point of view, the memristor can be defined as any 2-terminal device that exhibits the fingerprints of 'pinched' hysteresis loops in the v-i plane. It also shows that memristors endowed with a continuum of equilibrium states can be used as non-volatile analog memories. This tutorial shows that memristors span a much broader vista of complex phenomena and potential applications in many fields, including neurobiology. In particular, this tutorial presents toy memristors that can mimic the classic habituation and LTP learning phenomena. It also shows that sodium and potassium ion-channel memristors are the key to generating the action potential in the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, and that they are the key to resolving several unresolved anomalies associated with the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. This tutorial ends with an amazing new result derived from the new principle of local activity, which uncovers a minuscule life-enabling 'Goldilocks zone', dubbed the edge of chaos, where complex phenomena, including creativity and intelligence, may emerge. From an information processing perspective, this tutorial shows that synapses are locally-passive memristors, and that neurons are made of locally-active memristors.
A Study of the Isolation, Cultivation and Pathogenicity of Actinomyces Israeli Recovered from the Human Mouth and from Actinomycosis in Man (1944)

Journal Article A Study of the Isolation, Cultivation and Pathogenicity of Actinomyces Israeli Recovered from the Human Mouth and from Actinomycosis in Man Get access Theodor Rosebury, Theodor Rosebury From the Department of Bacteriology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lillian J. Epps, Lillian J. Epps From the Department of Bacteriology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ada R. Clark Ada R. Clark From the Department of Bacteriology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 2, March 1944, Pages 131–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/74.2.131 Published: 01 March 1944 Article history Received: 09 December 1943 Published: 01 March 1944
Structural Abnormalities of the Cornea and Lid Resulting from Collagen V Mutations (2006)

In the eye, COL5A1 and COL5A2 mutations manifest as abnormally thin and steep corneas with floppy eyelids. Mechanisms involved in producing the latter anomalies probably involve altered regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis due to abnormalities in heterotypic type I/V collagen interactions similar to those observed in the Col5a1+/- mouse cornea.
Adaptive Algorithms to Track the PARAFAC Decomposition of a Third-Order Tensor (2009)

The PARAFAC decomposition of a higher-order tensor is a powerful multilinear algebra tool that becomes more and more popular in a number of disciplines. Existing PARAFAC algorithms are computationally demanding and operate in batch mode - both serious drawbacks for on-line applications. When the data are serially acquired, or the underlying model changes with time, adaptive PARAFAC algorithms that can track the sought decomposition at low complexity would be highly desirable. This is a challenging task that has not been addressed in the literature, and the topic of this paper. Given an estimate of the PARAFAC decomposition of a tensor at instant t, we propose two adaptive algorithms to update the decomposition at instant t+1, the new tensor being obtained from the old one after appending a new slice in the 'time' dimension. The proposed algorithms can yield estimation performance that is very close to that obtained via repeated application of state-of-art batch algorithms, at orders of magnitude lower complexity. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated using a MIMO radar application (tracking of directions of arrival and directions of departure) as an example.
Mechanisms and models of peripheral CD4 T cell self-tolerance (2004)

Each response made by our immune system is either to promote or to prevent immune reactivity. That the immune system can successfully achieve both goals under specific biological conditions depends on central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Over the years, various experimental systems have been generated to study peripheral CD4 T cell tolerance. The experimental approaches are clearly diverse, but can be broadly categorized into those involving, tolerogenic, antigen injections, the use of transgenic mice (antigen transgenics, TCR transgenics and the combination thereof) and transplantation models. Results of these studies suggested a number of potential mechanisms mediating peripheral CD4 T cell tolerance, including clonal deletion, anergy and immune regulation. While the available systems all presented with their own limitations, they nevertheless provided a foundation from which our understanding of peripheral CD4 T cell tolerance will be built. In addition, previous studies done to examine CD8 T cell tolerance left with us some potentially helpful clues and ideas about how CD4 T cell tolerance should be studied. However, our current understanding on the immunity/tolerance decision made by CD4 T cells in the periphery remains incomplete. Evidence accumulated thus far favors the view that peripheral tolerance, unlike central tolerance, may not primarily determine the selection of specificities within the baseline T cell repertoire but may instead regulate cellular responses within the repertoire, in terms of both expansion/contraction and differentiation. Nevertheless, more robust and refined models need to be developed before we can make definitive conclusions about the potential role of peripheral tolerance in repertoire selection mediated by deletion of self-reactive cells.
The protective effect of methylene blue in lungs, small bowel and kidney after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (2008)

Despite similar action of the xanthine oxidase in the control and the experimental group, after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion, the protective effect of methylene blue was observed only in the lungs of the experimental group.
[Speech development test for one-year-old infants: I. Test content]. (1992)

A new speech development test was prepared for one-year-old infants. The test consists of three parts: test I, II, and III. The overall test originally comprised a total of 98 test items (47 for Test I, 32 for Test II and 19 for Test III). Test I (for pre-speech language) Section 1 Situation of language i) Differentiation of information to be communicated ii) Comprehension of speech-related situation (Initiation of "signe", and comprehension of objects and events by means of speech) Section 2 Development of symbolizing function (Development and transformation of ability to handle and manipulate objects) section 3 Representing the function of language (First utterance, and acquisition of meaningful words after first utterance) Test II (for speech comprehension) Ability to name concrete objects, and to relate objects to their uses and functions; comprehension of words representing spatial concept such as quantity, number and dimensions, as well as words representing color or position. Test III (for speech expression) Ability to verbalize or name concrete objects, and to verbalize the conduct and state of a person. For infants, language is an objective to be achieved, while for adults it is the mean of thinking and communicating. Despite this difference the scope of this test comprises two major aspects common to the language-related experience of infants and of adults: pragmatics and vocabulary.
Red blood cell aging markers during storage in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose–saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (2009)

We provide circumstantial evidence for a lower protein oxidative damage in CPD-SAGM-stored RBCs compared to the CPDA-stored cells. The different expression patterns of the senescence markers in the RBCs seem to be accordingly related to the oxidative stress management of the cells. We suggest that the storage of RBCs in CPD-SAGM might be more alike the in vivo RBC aging process, compared to storage in CPDA, since it is characterized by a slower stimulation of the recognition signaling pathways that are already known to trigger the erythrophagocytosis of senescent RBCs.
Ultra low-power UWB-RFID system for precise location-aware applications (2012)

Ultra low-power radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag with precision localization is often the enabling technology for location-aware sensor applications. Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) is a promising technology to fulfill the usage requirements in indoor cluttered environment. An ultra low-power precise UWB-RFID localization system is proposed in this paper. The RFID tag is a transmitter comprising of a micro-controller board and a UWB impulse radio board. Power saving and precision localization is achieved by optimization of the circuit design for ultra short pulses as well as system architecture and operation. When 1 s sleep mode is incorporated with 0.72 ms active mode, the tag consumes on average 6.8 uA when pulsing at 3.3 MHz rate with 15.5 dBm peak transmit power. The transmitted pulse is captured by low-cost energy-detection receivers at the locator. Measurement in a 6m×6m typical indoor environment demonstrates that the proposed system is able to achieve positioning accuracy of 10 cm. Due to the high sensitivity of the receiver (-71 dBm), the proposed system can reach a potential reading range of over 100 meters. The ultra low-power consumption, accurate ranging and positioning result, and long reading distance makes the proposed system suitable for a variety of intelligent sensor applications.
Sinhalica (1940)

In Professor Geiger's new Grammar of the Sinhalese Language there is so much that is admirable and instructive that one is loth to dissent from any of his statements. When, therefore, I find myself unable iurare in verba magistri in respect of a few of his etymologies, I do so with regret, and hope for pardon.
A New Rate Gyroscopic Wellbore Survey System Achieves the Accuracy and Operational Flexibility Needed for Today's Complex Drilling Challenges (1997)

Abstract This paper describes a new wellbore survey system based on inertial guidance aerospace technology which has been designed for today's more complex operations such as extended-reach and horizontal drilling. The system performs a survey as the tool moves continuously through a wellbore, and probes can be pumped down through drillpipe to inclination angles in excess of horizontal. In addition, a unique quality assurance technique and control procedures quantify and optimize system performance in the field. Development and operation of the system is described along with laboratory test results. Field test runs are compared with other survey systems and, finally, a commercial run in Canada is analyzed. In conclusion, results indicate that the system meets its specification for a high degree of precision, quality assurance techniques have been validated, and survey speed and operational flexibility have been enhanced.
Combined Opto-Acoustical sensor modules for KM3NeT (2013)

KM3NeT is a future multi-cubic-kilometre water Cherenkov neutrino telescope currently entering a first construction phase. It will be located in the Mediterranean Sea and comprise about 600 vertical structures called detection units. Each of these detection units has a length of several hundred metres and is anchored to the sea bed on one side and held taut by a buoy on the other side. The detection units are thus subject to permanent movement due to sea currents. Modules holding photosensors and additional equipment are equally distributed along the detection units. The relative positions of the photosensors has to be known with an uncertainty below 20 cm in order to achieve the necessary precision for neutrino astronomy. These positions can be determined with an acoustic positioning system: dedicated acoustic emitters located at known positions and acoustic receivers along each detection unit. This article describes the approach to combine an acoustic receiver with the photosensors inside one detection module using a common power supply and data readout. The advantage of this approach lies in a reduction of underwater connectors and module configurations as well as in the compactification of the detection units integrating the auxiliary devices necessary for their successful operation.
Coin insertion technology for PCB thermal solution (2010)

The thermal management of electronic products is always a headache to the high power electronics design engineer. Since all electronic components are assembled on the PCB, it's important to develop a good solution to dissipate the heat from PCB to the chassis with conduction method. There are many material and process used for PCB thermal dissipation in the industry now. Some of them like IMS (Insulated Metal Substrate), can be used only for simple circuits like LED substrate. Some like metal bonded PCB that is heavy and expensive. The standard thermal pad/via is not capable for high thermal density components like QFN. It is necessary to develop a simple PCB construction to solve the thermal problem. This paper introduces new design which embeds a small piece of metal coin inside PCB under the high power components. The attached component, like power transistor, sits on the exposed coin surface of the new developed PCB. During operation, the heat created from the components can be effectively dissipated through the coin to another side of the PCB. The heat can then be dissipated to the chassis of equipment or another heat sink. The system thermal problem can be solved for the low thermal resistance of the heat path. Since the coin is small and light weight, it has great advantage of lower cost and very goof performance. Even component with dimension as small as 3 mm long can be applied. Besides, the coin can be electrically connected to the PCB ground layer with different methods. Its electrical performance runs very well in power amplifier PCB for telecommunication industry. This paper will also simulate the thermal performance of different PCB thermal design, include four different coin insertion constructions and its comparison with thermal via PCB and IMS laminate. This technology has been used in the PCB of cell phone base station, point-to-point radio and military radar system. It is also under testing for IC substrate application now.
Non-Destructive Optical Techniques for Characterizing Semiconductor Materials and Devices (1994)

In the information age, communications technology depends on the efficient manufacture of photonic and electronic devices. Optical testing promotes manufacturing efficiency by controlling the quality of incoming materials, providing rapid feedback for process improvements, and analyzing why a product has failed. New, non-destructive optical techniques are being used to measure key properties of semiconductor materials and devices. Optical mapping reveals defective regions in various types of wafers, as well as in semiconductor-based lasers and detectors used in AT&T's lightwave communication systems. New optical testing techniques include optical beam-induced reflectance (OBIR), whose signals are used to map silicon, and spatially resolved photoluminescence (SRPL), which performs high-resolution mapping of III-V semiconductor materials.
Lowering Midlife Levels of Systolic Blood Pressure as a Public Health Strategy to Reduce Late-Life Dementia (2010)

To estimate the potential benefits of lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) toward preventing late-life dementia, we estimated the population-attributable risk of elevated SBP for dementia. Analyses are based on the cohort of 8006 Japanese American men (born 1900-1919) followed since 1965 as a part of the Honolulu Heart Program, continued as the Honolulu Asia Aging Study. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and late-life brain function are well described. We estimated the population-attributable risk of dementia cases attributed to midlife SBP, grouped by the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure criteria (<120, 120 to <140, and > or =140 mm Hg), taking into account treatment history, confounding factors, and competitive risk for death. The analysis is based on 7878 subjects, including 491 cases of dementia, with a mean interval of 25 years between measurement of blood pressure and dementia diagnosis. Compared with those with SBP <120 mm Hg, untreated, and <50 years of age at baseline, 17.7% (95% CI: 4.6% to 29.1%) of the cases were attributable to prehypertensive levels (SBP: 120 to <140 mm Hg) of SBP, translating into 11 excess cases per 1000. Among those who did not report taking antihypertensive medication in midlife, 27% (95% CI: 8.9% to 42.1%) of dementia cases can be attributed to systolic BP > or =120 mm Hg, translating into 17 excess cases per 1000. Although population-attributable risk estimates for population subgroups may differ by relative risk for dementia or prevalence of elevated levels of blood pressure, these data suggest that reducing midlife systolic BP is an effective prevention strategy to reduce risk for late-life dementia.
414. The unsaturation and tautomeric mobility of heterocyclic compounds. Part VII. Selenazole derivatives (1935)

C. Hasan and R. F. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 1762 DOI: 10.1039/JR9350001762
The Use of Modeling to Enhance the Analysis of Formation Pressure Integrity Tests (2014)

Abstract Formation pressure integrity tests (FPIT) are used to verify the integrity of cement at a casing shoe, measure the stress state of the exposed formations for well planning and operations, and determine the maximum equivalent circulating density (ECD) to which a shoe can be safely exposed. Critical decisions on operations are made directly from the results and include decisions about the need for remedial cement operations, maximum mud weights that can be used to drill the next well section, minimum mud weights that can be used to prevent hole collapse, calibration factors for predicting fracture gradients, and the potential need for lost circulation mitigation strategies. The interpretation techniques of the result most frequently focus upon the point at which a fracture first initiates, the point where unstable fracture growth begins, or the closure pressure of the fracture when pumping ceases. However, the early pressure build-up behavior is often overlooked and can provide much insight on the integrity of cement, the point of initiation of a fracture, the permeability of the formation being tested, the need for cement remediation, and the potential to increase fracture resistance using wellbore strengthening techniques. This paper presents a model for predicting early pressure build-up behavior, discusses how the model can be used to improve the interpretation of FPIT tests significantly, and provides examples of the application in select wells.