gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smartphone-assisted smooth live video broadcast on wearable cameras (2016)

Wearable cameras require connecting to cellular-capable devices (e.g., smartphones) so as to provide live broadcast services for worldwide users when Wi-Fi is unavailable. However, the constantly changing cellular network conditions may substantially slow down the upload of recorded videos. In this paper, we consider the scenario where wearable cameras upload live videos to remote distribution servers under cellular networks, aiming at maximizing the quality of uploaded videos while meeting the delay requirements. To attain the goal, we propose a dynamic video coding approach that utilizes dynamic video recording resolution adjustment on wearable cameras and Lyapunov based video preprocessing on smartphones. Our proposed resolution adjustment algorithm adapts to network condition changes, and reduces the overheads of video preprocessing. Due to the property of Lyapunov optimization framework, our proposed video preprocessing algorithm delivers near-optimal video quality while meeting the upload delay requirements. Our evaluation results show that our approach achieves up to 50% reduction in power consumption on smartphones and up to 60% reduction in average delay, at the cost of slightly compromised video quality.
Fast algorithms to test robust static equilibrium for legged robots (2016)

Maintaining equilibrium is of primary importance for legged systems. It is not surprising then that static equilibrium is at the core of most control/planning algorithms for legged robots. Being able to check whether a system is in static equilibrium is thus important, and doing it efficiently is crucial. While this is straightforward for a system in contact with a flat ground only, it is not the case for arbitrary contact geometries. In this paper we propose two new techniques to test static equilibrium and we show that they are computationally faster than all other existing methods. Moreover, we address the issue of robustness to errors in the contact-force tracking, which could lead to slippage or rotation at the contacts. We extend all the discussed techniques to test for robust static equilibrium, that is the ability to maintain equilibrium while avoiding to lose contacts despite bounded force-tracking errors. Accounting for robustness does not affect the computation time of the equilibrium tests, while it qualitatively improves the contact postures generated by our reachability-based multicontact planner.
Limits of Precision for Human Eye Motor Control (1989)

Abstract : If the two segments of a vernier targe are presented to different eyes, i.e., dichoptically, thresholds are three to four times higher than with presentation to the same eye. This increase in thresholds is mainly due to uncorrelated movements of both eyes, such as tremor and drifts, that occur even under steady fixation. The psychophysically measured thresholds allow one to calculate an upper estimate for the amplitudes of uncorrelated eye movements during fixation. This estimate matches the best results from direct eye position recording, with the calculated mean amplitude of eye tremor corresponding to roughly one photo-receptor-diameter. The combined amplitude of both correlated and uncorrelated eye movements was also measured by delaying one segment of the vernier relative to its partner under monocular or dichoptic conditions. Fixation proved to be relatively stable, and trained observers could sustain eye position within a few arcmin. Keywords: Hyperactivity.
Single spin‐echo proton transverse relaxometry of iron‐loaded liver (2004)

A single-spin-echo methodology is described for the measurement and imaging of proton transverse relaxation rates (R2) in iron-loaded and normal human liver tissue in vivo. The methodology brings together previously reported techniques dealing with (i) the changes in gain between each spin-echo acquisition, (ii) signal level offset due to background noise, (iii) estimation of signal intensities in decay curves at time zero to enable reliable extraction of relaxation times from tissues with very short T2 values, (iv) bi-exponential modelling of decay curves with a small number of data points, and (v) reduction of respiratory motion artefacts. The accuracy of the technique is tested on aqueous manganese chloride solutions yielding a relaxivity of 74.1+/-0.3 s-1 (mM)-1, consistent with previous reports. The precision of the in vivo measurement of mean liver R2 values is tested through duplicate measurements on 10 human subjects with mean liver R2 values ranging from 26 to 220 s-1. The random uncertainty on the measurement of mean liver R2 was found to be 7.7%.
Monolithic ultrasound fingerprint sensor (2017)

This paper presents a 591×438-DPI ultrasonic fingerprint sensor. The sensor is based on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array that is bonded at wafer-level to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) signal processing electronics to produce a pulse-echo ultrasonic imager on a chip. To meet the 500-DPI standard for consumer fingerprint sensors, the PMUT pitch was reduced by approximately a factor of two relative to an earlier design. We conducted a systematic design study of the individual PMUT and array to achieve this scaling while maintaining a high fill-factor. The resulting 110×56-PMUT array, composed of 30×43-μm<sup>2</sup> rectangular PMUTs, achieved a 51.7% fill-factor, three times greater than that of the previous design. Together with the custom CMOS ASIC, the sensor achieves 2 mV kPa<sup>-1</sup> sensitivity, 15 kPa pressure output, 75 μm lateral resolution, and 150 μm axial resolution in a 4.6 mm×3.2 mm image. To the best of our knowledge, we have demonstrated the first MEMS ultrasonic fingerprint sensor capable of imaging epidermis and sub-surface layer fingerprints.
Identification of Potential Maintainers and Effective Restorers for CMS Lines (1991)

This article 'Identification of Potential Maintainers and Effective Restorers for CMS Lines' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Relationships between insulin secretion, insulin action, and fasting plasma glucose concentration in nondiabetic and noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. (1984)

The relationships between insulin secretion, insulin action, and fasting plasma glucose concentration (FPG) were examined in 34 southwest American Indians (19 nondiabetics, 15 noninsulin-dependent diabetics) who had a broad range of FPG (88-310 mg/100 ml). Fasting, glucose-stimulated, and meal-stimulated plasma insulin concentrations were negatively correlated with FPG in diabetics but not in nondiabetics. In contrast, fasting and glucose-stimulated plasma C-peptide concentrations did not decrease with increasing FPG in either group and 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion during a diet of mixed composition was positively correlated with FPG for all subjects (r = 0.36, P less than 0.05). Fasting free fatty acid (FFA) was correlated with FPG in nondiabetics (r = 0.49, P less than 0.05) and diabetics (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). Fasting FFA was also correlated with the isotopically determined endogenous glucose production rate in the diabetics (r = 0.54, P less than 0.05). Endogenous glucose production was strongly correlated with FPG in the diabetics (r = 0.90, P less than 0.0001), but not in the nondiabetics. Indirect calorimetry showed that FPG was also negatively correlated with basal glucose oxidation rates (r = -0.61, P less than 0.001), but positively with lipid oxidation (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) in the diabetics. Insulin action was measured as total insulin-mediated glucose disposal, glucose oxidation, and storage rates, using the euglycemic clamp with simultaneous indirect calorimetry at plasma insulin concentrations of 135 +/- 5 and 1738 +/- 59 microU/ml. These parameters of insulin action were significantly, negatively correlated with FPG in the nondiabetics at both insulin concentrations, but not in the diabetics although all the diabetics had markedly decreased insulin action. We conclude that decreased insulin action is present in the noninsulin-dependent diabetics in this population and marked hyperglycemia occurs with the addition of decreased peripheral insulin availability. Decreased peripheral insulin availability leads to increased FFA concentrations and lipid oxidation rates (and probably also increased concentrations of gluconeogenic precursors) that together stimulate gluconeogenesis, hepatic glucose production, and progressive hyperglycemia.
Dielectric Loss due to Impurity Cation Migration in α Quartz (1964)

The dielectric constant and loss factor of natural quartz single crystals have been measured in the temperature range from room temperature to 573°C, and in the frequency range from 50 cps to 100 kc/sec. Parallel to the c axis a large dispersion in the dielectric constant of the order of εs-ε∞ = 500 was observed. Associated with this dispersion is a peak in the loss factor of the order of ε″max = 250. The data were analyzed in terms of the Debye equations with a single thermally activated relaxation time. The activation energy is about 16.7 kcal/mole. Perpendicular to the c axis no peak in ε″ was observed, but both ε′ and ε″ begin to increase at low frequencies and high temperatures. The loss peak parallel to the c axis was substantially reduced when impurities were removed by electrolysis. The introduction of Ag, Cu, or Na gave rise to new peaks while Li tended to reproduce the original peak. It is concluded that the original loss was due to the motion of Li+ ions along structural channels parallel to the c axis. From the charge transported in electrolysis experiments, it can be inferred that the number of ions involved was about 5×1017 per cm3. The observed activation energy is believed to be the Coulomb binding energy between a substitutional Al3+ ion and an interstitial Li+ ion.
Actinic EUVL mask blank inspection capability with time delay integration mode (2009)

We have been developing an actinic full-field mask blank inspection system to detect multilayer phase defects with dark field imaging. Using the current system, we have analyzed the probability of defect detection and occurrence of false defects with variations in defect signal intensity and in background intensity. The result indicates that the size of the smallest defect for 100 % detection with no false defect at full-field inspection is 2.0 nm in height and 78 nm in width. A 100 % detection of smaller defects, 1.5 nm high and 60 nm wide, with no false defect at full-field inspection requires 46 % reduction of the detection threshold. This means that for further improvement of defect sensitivity, a 46 % reduction of CCD noise level, or improvement of the defect detection algorithm, will be required.
Tuning DNA “strings”: Modulating the rate of DNA replication with mechanical tension (2001)

Recent experiments have measured the rate of replication of DNA catalyzed by a single enzyme moving along a stretched template strand. The dependence on tension was interpreted as evidence that T7 and related DNA polymerases convert two (n = 2) or more single-stranded template bases to double helix geometry in the polymerization site during each catalytic cycle. However, we find structural data on the T7 enzyme--template complex indicate n = 1. We also present a model for the "tuning" of replication rate by mechanical tension. This model considers only local interactions in the neighborhood of the enzyme, unlike previous models that use stretching curves for the entire polymer chain. Our results, with n = 1, reconcile force-dependent replication rate studies with structural data on DNA polymerase complexes.
Suppression of Δ <sup>5</sup> -androstenediol-induced androgen receptor transactivation by selective steroids in human prostate cancer cells (1999)

Our earlier report suggested that androst-5-ene-3β,7β-diol (Δ 5 -androstenediol or Adiol) is a natural hormone with androgenic activity and that two potent antiandrogens, hydroxyflutamide (Eulexin) and bicalutamide (Casodex), fail to block completely the Adiol-induced androgen receptor (AR) transactivation in prostate cancer cells. Here, we report the development of a reporter assay to screen several selective steroids with anti-Adiol activity. Among 22 derivatives/metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone, we found 4 steroids [no. 4, 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-17α-ethynyl-3,17β-diol; no. 6, 17α-ethynyl-androstene-diol; no. 8, 3β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene-16-one; and no. 10, 3β-methylcarbonate-androst-5-ene-7,17-dione] that have no androgenic activity and could also block the Adiol-induced AR transactivation in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Interestingly, these compounds, in combination with hydroxyflutamide, further suppressed the Adiol-induced AR transactivation. Reporter assays further showed that these four anti-Adiol steroids have relatively lower glucocorticoid, progesterone, and estrogenic activity. Together, these data suggest some selective steroids might have anti-Adiol activity, which may have potential clinical application in the battle against the androgen-dependent prostate cancer growth.
Power System Control Centers: Past, Present, and Future (2005)

In this paper, we review the functions and architectures of control centers: their past, present, and likely future. The evolving changes in power system operational needs require a distributed control center that is decentralized, integrated, flexible, and open. Present-day control centers are moving in that direction with varying degrees of success. The technologies employed in today's control centers to enable them to be distributed are briefly reviewed. With the rise of the Internet age, the trend in information and communication technologies is moving toward Grid computing and Web services, or Grid services. A Grid service-based future control center is stipulated.
Relationship of H-ras-1, L-myc, and p53 polymorphisms with lung cancer risk and prognosis. (1992)

Proto-oncogenes (H-ras-1 and L-myc) and tumor-suppressor gene (p53) loci have been implicated in lung carcinogenesis. DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms at these gene loci are being evaluated in a case-control study as markers predictive of risk for cancer or of prognosis when cancer is present. The cases and controls had a cigarette-smoking history of 40 or more pack years or other abnormalities in pulmonary function tests, their ages were closely matched (64 years for cases and 61 years for controls) and the ratio of Caucasians to African Americans was close to unity (cases, 0.95:1.00, controls, 1.00:0.88). The H-ras-1 gene contains an insertion deletion polymorphism. Inheritance of rare H-ras-1 alleles, defined by MspI digestion, confers a relative risk for lung cancer of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-7.3) for Caucasians and 3.2 (0.9-11.6) for African Americans (74 cases, 67 controls). The L-myc gene sequence has a restriction site (EcoR1) polymorphism between the second and third exons. Inheritance of restriction site-present alleles was reported to confer poor prognosis (presence of lymph node metastases) in Japanese lung cancer patients. This hypothesis was tested in both case-control study subjects (56 cases, 55 controls) and additional surgical cases (40), but no evidence was found to support the hypothesis in the U.S. population. The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene that can encode either a proline or an arginine in the 72nd residue. No associations was found between the minor allele (proline) and diagnosis of lung cancer (76 cases, 68 controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<i>Molecular BioComputing Suite</i> : A Word Processor Add-In for the Analysis and Manipulation of Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequence Data (2001)

In all fields of molecular biology, researchers are increasingly challenged by experiments planned and evaluated on the basis of nucleic acid and protein sequence data generally retrieved from public databases. Despite the wide spectrum of available Web-based software tools for sequence analysis, the routine use of these tools has disadvantages, particularly because of the elaborate and heterogeneous ways of data input, output, and storage. Here we present a Visual Basic-encoded Microsoft Word Add-In, the Molecular BioComputing Suite (MBCS), available at the BioTechniques Software Library (www.BioTechniques.com). The MBCS software aims to manage and expedite a wide range of sequence analyses and manipulations using an integrated text editor environment including menu-guided commands. Its independence of sequence formats enables MBCS to be used as a pivotal application between other software tools for sequence analysis, manipulation, annotation, and editing.
Ultrafast Study of<i>p</i>-Biphenylyldiazoethane. The Chemistry of the Diazo Excited State and the Relaxed Carbene (2007)

Ultrafast photolysis of p-biphenylyldiazoethane (BDE) produces an excited state of the diazo compound in acetonitrile, cyclohexane, and methanol with lambdamax = 490 nm and lifetimes of less than 300 fs. The decay of the diazo excited state correlates with the growth of singlet carbene absorption at 360 nm. The optical yields of diazo excited states produced by photolysis of p-biphenylyldiazomethane (BDM) and BDE are the same; however, the optical yield of singlet p-biphenylylmethylcarbene (1BpCMe) is 30-40% less than that of p-biphenylylcarbene (1BpCH) in all three solvents. The results are explained by rearrangement in the excited state (RIES) of BDE to form p-vinylbiphenyl (VB) in parallel with extrusion of nitrogen to form 1BpCMe in reduced yield. This interpretation is consistent with product studies (ethanol-OD in cyclohexane) which indicate that there is an approximately 25% yield of VB that is formed by a mechanism that bypasses the relaxed singlet carbene. The decay of 1BpCMe is biexponential, and that of 1BpCH is monoexponential. This is attributed either to efficient relaxation of vibrationally excited 1BpCMe by 1,2 migration of hydrogen to form VB (minor) or to the increased number of low-frequency vibrational modes provided by the methyl group (major). A methyl group retards the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC), relative to a hydrogen atom, and ISC is more rapid in nonpolar solvents. Reaction of 1BpCMe with methanol is much faster than spin equilibration. Both the lifetime of 1BpCMe and 1BpCH are the same in cyclohexane and in cyclohexane-d12. This demonstrates that spin equilibration is faster than reaction of either carbene with the solvent. The lifetimes of 1BpCMe and 1BpCMe-d3 are the same in cyclohexane. This indicates that 1,2 hydrogen migration of 1BpCMe to form VB is slower than spin equilibration in cyclohexane. In acetonitrile, however, the lifetime of 1BpCMe-d3 is 1.5 times longer than that of 1BpCMe in the same solvent. Thus, in acetonitrile, where ISC is slow, the rate of 1,2 hydrogen shift of 1BpCMe is competitive with ISC. In cyclohexene, the lifetime of 1BpCH is shortened relative to that in cyclohexane. The lifetime of 1BpCMe is the same in cyclohexene and cyclohexane. The data indicate that spin relaxation is slow relative to reaction of 1BpCH with neat alkene but that spin relaxation is fast for 1BpCMe relative to reaction with neat cyclohexene.
Electric-field-induced singlet and triplet exciton quenching in films of the conjugated polymer polyspirobifluorene (2005)

An experimental investigation into the low-temperature electric-field-induced quenching of the transient triplet absorption and the prompt and delayed fluorescence of the conjugated polymer polyspirobifluorene is presented. A maximal instantaneous triplet exciton quenching of about 25% is observed for an electric field of $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$. The fluorescence intensity under such conditions is quenched by 97%, which, to our knowledge, is the highest value ever reported for a conjugated polymer. A comparison of the absolute singlet and triplet exciton quenching yields a singlet exciton binding energy of approximately $0.38\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The delayed fluorescence in the above polymer is known to be caused by bimolecular triplet annihilation, which has been further substantiated using electric-field quenching experiments. Further, earlier experiments, which seem to verify the geminate pair origin for the delayed fluorescence of the laddertype polymer poly(para-phenylene) (MeLPPP), are discussed and re-evaluated using the above polyfluorene derivative.
Identification of the Single Specific IQ Motif of Myosin V from Which Calmodulin Dissociates in the Presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup><sup> </sup> (2006)

Each heavy chain of dimeric chick brain myosin V (BMV) has a neck domain consisting of six IQ motifs with different amino acid sequences. The six IQ motifs form binding sites for five calmodulin (CaM) molecules and one essential light chain (either 17 or 23 kDa). When the calcium concentration is high, a small fraction of the 10 total CaM molecules dissociates from one molecule of BMV, resulting in loss of actin-based motor activity. At low Ca2+ concentrations, two molecules of exogenous CaM associate with one molecule of CaM-released BMV. This suggests that there is a single specific IQ motif responsible for the calcium-induced dissociation of CaM. In this study, we identify the specific IQ motif to be IQ2, the second IQ motif when counted from the N-terminal end of the neck domain. In addition, we showed that the essential light chains do not reside on IQ1 and IQ2. These findings were derived from proteolysis of BMV at high Ca2+ concentrations specifically at the neck region and SDS-PAGE analyses of the digests.
High shear rate viscosity measurements of perfluoropolyether lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks (1997)

Lubricant rheology data relevant to the very high shear rates encountered in disk drive operation do not exits. In this study, the viscosity of eight perfluoropolyether lubricants is measured at shear rates up to 107 s−1 at ambient pressure. All eight lubricants display Newtonian behavior at all shear rates. No shear thinning was observed and the lubricants were found capable of sustaining extremely high tensile stresses, on the order of 1 MPa.
Age‐Correlated Loss of Dopaminergic Binding Sites in Human Basal Ganglia (1982)

Abstract: Human caudate nucleus, putamen, substantia nigra, and nucleus accumbens were analyzed for the effects of age on dopaminergic binding sites. Decreases in the number of dopaminergic binding sites were detected with age in caudate nucleus (44 specimens from three sample groups) and substantia nigra (n = 12). In caudate nucleus, the decline in [ 3 H]2‐amino‐6,7‐dehydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene sites was three times greater than for [ 3 H]spiperone, but age changes were significant in only two of the three sampling groups. No age changes in binding were detected in the putamen (n = 44) or nucleus accumbens. Age, sex, and tissue source all significantly contributed to variance. However, cause of death, time from death to tissue freezing, and length of storage did not influence dopaminergic binding in the caudate nucleus or putamen. Relative to the life‐span, the age‐correlated decrease in dopaminergic binding sites of human brain approximates that in aging rodent striatum. Comparisons of altered dopaminergic binding with other age‐correlated changes suggest that neuronal loss may not be involved in the loss of binding sites before midlife.