gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Aromatase Cytochrome P450 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Adult Rhesus Monkey Brains1 (1997)

The conversion of androgens to estrogens by aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) is an important step in the mechanism of androgen action in the brain. However, the distribution of P450arom mRNA in adult rhesus monkey brains has not been studied because specific probes have not been available. To address this deficit, we cloned and sequenced a 455-basepair segment of the 5' coding region of the rhesus P450arom cDNA. Total RNA was extracted from a rhesus monkey placenta (Day 47 of gestation and subjected to reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus oligonucleotide primers selected from published human and rat P450arom DNA sequences. The RT-PCR product was subcloned into a vector and sequenced. The monkey P450arom cDNA was 97% identical to the human sequence but shared only 86% homology with the rat sequence. We then developed a ribonuclease protection assay using a monkey P450arom cDNA and studied the distribution of P450arom mRNA in adult monkey brains. This assay protected two RNA fragments, one 455 nucleotides (nt) in length and the second approximately 300 nt. The relative distribution of P450arom mRNA (the 455-nt fragment) between brain areas of the adult (n = 3) was high in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis > medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamus > amygdala; intermediate in the medial basal hypothalamus (infundibular nucleus, median eminence, ventromedial nucleus) > lateral preoptic/anterior hypothalamus; and low in the septum > lateral-dorsal-medial hypothalamus. P450arom mRNA was undetectable in cingulate and parietal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. P450arom activity, as measured by the 3H2O assay, correlated well with the distribution of P450arom mRNA (the 455-nt protected fragment; r = 0.9) in the same tissues. A shorter protected RNA fragment was found in the medial basal hypothalamus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the amygdala, and the cingulate and parietal cortex but not in the other brain areas investigated. Its presence did not correlate with aromatase activity in brain tissue. This study describes the development of a ribonuclease protection assay using a monkey cDNA produced by RT-PCR and its usefulness for studying the distribution of P450arom mRNA in brains of nonhuman primates.
<title>New luminescent metal complex for pH transduction in optical fiber sensing: application to a CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>-sensitive device</title> (1991)

The luminescence emission (652 nm) and lifetime (390 ns) of a novel Ru(II) tris-chelate complex tris(2-(2-pyrazinyl)thiazole)ruthenium(II) are quenched by H30 and other acids (phosphoric acetic phthalic and dihydrogenphosphate) in aqueous solution. The quenching process is shown to occur via a proton transfer to the excited (triplet state) complex since the ground state complex undergoes no protonation in the 0-12 pH interval (pKai 1. 9). Quenching rate constants in the range 1 x 108 to 5x iO M1s1 have been measured. The pH transducing system has been tested in solution using carbon dioxide and has been applied to the construction of a bifurcated fiber optic chemical sensor for this gas. Advantages of employing Ru(pzth)32 as a luminescent dye includeamong others: (1) a hydrogen carbonate buffer is not required in the reservoir chamber and (2) excitation in the visible region using inexpensive plastic optical fibers and collection of the emission through cut-off filters is feasible.
Twentieth Century Land Use Planning (2018)

This selection presents the evolution of comprehensive land-use planning in the twentieth century. Using the metaphor of a tree, the authors move from the history (“roots”) to the first 50 years into the mid-century period (“new growth”) and finally to newer contemporary plans (“incorporating new branches”) to illustrate how the twentieth century land-use plan has now become an intricate combination of design, policy, and management.
A Heterologous Helper T-Cell Epitope Enhances the Immunogenicity of a Multiple-Antigenic-Peptide Vaccine Targeting the Cryptic Loop-Neutralizing Determinant of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Protective Antigen (2009)

We previously showed that a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) displaying amino acids (aa) 305 to 319 from the 2beta2-2beta3 loop of protective antigen (PA) can elicit high-titered antibody that neutralizes lethal toxin (LeTx) in vitro and that this loop-neutralizing determinant (LND) specificity is absent in PA-immune rabbits. Some immune rabbits were, however, nonresponders to the MAP. We hypothesized that the immunogen elicited suboptimal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T-cell help and that introduction of a functional helper T-cell epitope would increase MHC-restricted responsiveness and the magnitude and affinity of the antibody responses. In the current study, we characterized the T- and B-cell responses to LND peptides in mice, then designed second-generation MAP immunogens for eliciting LND-specific immunity, and tested them in rabbits. The 305-319 sequence was devoid of helper T-cell epitopes in three strains of mice; however, a T-B peptide comprising aa 305 to 319, colinearly synthesized with the P30 helper epitope of tetanus toxin, elicited robust LeTx-neutralizing immunity in mice. T-B MAPs displaying B-cell epitopes 304 to 319 (MAP304) or 305 to 319 (MAP305) elicited high-titer, durable antibody responses in rabbits which exhibited potent neutralization of LeTx in vitro. All MAP304-immune rabbits demonstrated neutralization titers exceeding that of hyperimmune sera of rabbits immunized with PA in Freund's adjuvant, with peak neutralization titers 23-, 6-, and 3-fold higher than that of the PA antiserum. Overall, immunization with MAPs containing the P30 epitope elicited higher antibody and toxin neutralization titers and peptide-specific affinity than immunization with an LND MAP lacking a helper epitope. P30-containing MAP304 represents a promising LND-specific vaccine for anthrax.
Efficient cleavage by α-thrombin of a recombinant fused protein which contains insulin-like growth factor I (1987)

The gene for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was constructed from chemically synthesized deoxyoligonucleotides and expressed in Escherichia coli, under the control of a trp promoter, as a set of fusion proteins which were connected with a portion of human growth hormone through the recognition sequence for a sequence-specific protease, either blood coagulation factor Xa or alpha-thrombin. Upon induction with 3-indoleacrylic acid, fusion proteins accumulated with a yield of 10-30% of the total protein. A fusion protein connected through a tetradecapeptide (Asp-Asp-Pro-Pro-Thr-Val-Glu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg) was efficiently and correctly cleaved by alpha-thrombin, and the purified IGF-I possessed somatomedin-like activity, as determined by the enhancement of sulfation of glycosaminoglycans in cultured costal chondrocytes from rabbits.
Specific and Efficient Binding of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group A to Double-Strand/Single-Strand DNA Junctions with 3‘- and/or 5‘-ssDNA Branches (2006)

Human XPA is an important DNA damage recognition protein in nucleotide excision repair (NER). We previously observed that XPA binds to the DNA lesion as a homodimer [Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Utzat, C., Wang, G., Basu, A. K., and Zou, Y. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 7361-7368]. Herein we report that XPA recognized undamaged DNA double-strand/single-strand (ds-ssDNA) junctions containing ssDNA branches with binding affinity (Kd = 49.1 +/- 5.1 nM) much higher than its ability to bind to DNA damage. The recognized DNA junction structures include the Y-shape junction (with both 3'- and 5'-ssDNA branches), 3'-overhang junction (with a 3'-ssDNA branch), and 5'-overhang junction (with a 5'-ssDNA branch). Using gel filtration chromatography and gel mobility shift assays, we showed that the highly efficient binding appeared to be carried out by the XPA monomer and that the binding was largely independent of RPA. Furthermore, XPA efficiently bound to six-nucleotide mismatched DNA bubble substrates with or without DNA adducts including C8 guanine adducts of AF, AAF, and AP and the T[6,4]T photoproducts. Using a set of defined DNA substrates with varying degrees of DNA bending, we also found that the XPC-HR23B complex recognized DNA bending, whereas neither XPA nor the XPA-RPA complex could bind to bent DNA. We propose that, besides DNA damage recognition, XPA may also play a novel role in stabilizing, via its high affinity to ds-ssDNA junctions, the DNA strand opening surrounding the lesion for stable formation of preincision NER intermediates. Our results provide a plausible mechanistic interpretation for the indispensable requirement of XPA for both global genome and transcription-coupled repairs. Since ds-ssDNA junctions are common intermediates in many DNA metabolic pathways, the additional potential role of XPA in cellular processes is discussed.
Decentralizing inequality? Center-periphery relations, local governance, and conflict in Aceh (2006)

This paper challenges the notion that addressing center-periphery inequality will in itself result in sustainable peace in Aceh. The authors argue that an evaluation of the (potential) impacts of the decentralization intrinsic in the peace agreement on conflict must look at the flow of economic and political resources within Aceh, and, more specifically, at the local government institutions that manage their distribution. There will be plentiful resources within Aceh that can be used for developmental purposes. In 2006, local government in Aceh received revenues five times higher than before decentralization in 1999. The implementation of the Helsinki peace agreement MoU will further increase the inflow of public resources, and the US$ 8 billion tsunami reconstruction budget and ongoing post-conflict donor and central government support will also provide a windfall. Yet local government institutions do not presently have the capacity to effectively manage and spend such resources. Corruption is widespread. Mechanisms for managing political competition are weak. Recent government expenditure has largely been concentrated in urban centers, captured by politically connected elites, and continues to disenfranchise the rural poor. It is largely on the basis of these inequalities and grievances that GAM has been able to mobilize resentment toward the center and forge a political identity at odds with Jakarta; if such inequalities are not addressed, Aceh will continue to remain prone to conflict.
Flavonoids as enhancers of x-ray-induced cell damage in hepatoma cells. (1997)

The nuclear enzyme topoisomerase II, which is involved in replication, transcription, and probably repair of DNA, can be inhibited by a number of flavonoids. In conjunction with X-rays, three of these compounds were tested as to their effects on Reuber H35 hepatoma cells. In this combination, the isoflavone genistein, the flavone apigenin, and the flavonol quercetin caused an enhancement of radiation-induced cell death. This enhanced cytotoxicity was only observed when the flavonoids were applied following an irradiation treatment and is attributed to decreased repair of DNA radiation damage with a concomitant reduction of the rate of cell repopulation. Fractionated irradiations, given as five sequences of 3 Gy each over a period of 5 days, reduced the surviving cell population only by a factor of 20, whereas the continuous presence of genistein during radiation sequences resulted in a reduction of at least a factor of 10,000. Thus, these flavonoids not only seem to act as radiation enhancers but also exhibit potential antitumor activities.
Application of Expanded Full Thickness Skin Graft for Release of Burn Hand Contracture (1999)

The Management of burned hands focuses on restoration of function with stable soft tissue coverage. The overriding goal in reconstruction of a burned band is to maximize and restore function. Currently, treatment of FDP remains time-consuming and expensive. Treatments can be divided into surgical and non-surgical. These therapies can be treated alone or combined with other therapies as adjuvant therapy. Overall, surgical excision of HSc without adjuvant therapy is associated with high rate of recurrence. Recurrence rates for simple surgical excision of HSc alone vary from 50% to 80%. However, a combined program of surgical and non-surgical therapies effectively treats most contracture with or without HSc. Tissue expander is now recognized as a means of providing additional tissue for the reconstruction of large skin defects and soft tissue defects. This is a report of a case of burn hand with extension contracture and reconstructed successfully with expanded full thickness skin graft from the groin area. In this case we choose groin area as a site of expansion with the follwing advantages: (1) the excess skin over groin area and the femur bone and hip girdle which can provide good bony support for the expanders will increase the efficacy of expansion, (2) donor site with uncoupious scar which can be easily hidden, (3) FTSG compared to STSG has better resistance to secondary contracture which might not needed Jobst compression glove, (4) the flexion of metacapal joints need larger excursion of skin and prefabricated FTSG can provide a better excursion than STSG, (5) prefabricated FTSG provides excellent result in this case which full-filled the need of this patient to perfomed hundred percent gripping power with full flexion of metacarpal joints. Drawbacks of this operation share the similar possible drawbacks as other tissue expansion.
Electrical neuromodulatory therapy in female voiding dysfunction (2006)

Female voiding dysfunction such as urge-frequency syndrome, urge incontinence and unobstructive urinary retention are often refractory to conservative management. Electrical neuromodulation with surface electrodes or with implantable systems has become a valuable addition to the therapeutic options in the last two decades. Interstitial cystitis is an emerging indication. The application of these techniques in non-neurogenic patients is reviewed. The techniques using unimplantable electrodes, anogenital electrical stimulation with plug electrodes, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with surface electrodes, and posterior tibial nerve stimulation using needle electrodes are addressed. Several techniques using implantable systems are discussed, e.g. sacral nerve neuromodulation (Interstim device), pudendal nerve stimulation (Interstim and Bion device) and paraurethral neuromodulation (Miniaturo device). The long-term efficacy of neuromodulation for the established indications is more than half, but 20-50% of the patients initially tested do not respond to a test procedure. The disadvantage is the high surgical revision rate and the high cost of treatment. Technical advances will hopefully be able to address these aspects.
Some approximation results on Otto Szậsz type positive linear operators (2012)

introduced a new Bernstein type special operators. Motivated by Deo N.et.al., in this paper we introduce generalization of positive linear operators (1.5) and (1.6) which is the particular case of positive linear operators (1.7) and (1.8). We shall study some approximation results on it.
The Relationship between Excessive Internet Use and Depression: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 1,319 Young People and Adults (2010)

The concept of IA is emerging as a construct that must be taken seriously. Moreover, it is linked to depression, such that those who regard themselves as dependent on the Internet report high levels of depressive symptoms. Those who show symptoms of IA are likely to engage proportionately more than the normal population in sites that serve as a replacement for real-life socialising. Further work needs to be done on validating this relationship. Future research is needed to corroborate the existing evidence and address the nature of the relationship between IA and depression: there is comorbidity between these conditions that needs greater investigation.
A competence based education and training (CBET) approach to the diploma in accounting programme in the polytechnics of malaysia : an investigation and evaluation (2004)

Around the world accounting practitioners and educators have been working\ntogether to determine the objectives, content and delivery of future accounting\nprogrammes. This project, focusing on Malaysian Polytechnics' Diploma in\nAccounting programme, proposes an alternative approach to accounting education\nthat meets the current and future needs of Malaysia. Selected literature was\nreviewed to investigate and evaluate Competence-based Education and Training\n(CBET). The review considered the characteristics and implications of CBET\ninitiatives, and criticism of earlier and present CBET models. To determine the\nappropriateness of CBET in a Malaysian context a questionnaire survey and\ninterviews were conducted. Past, present and future performance of graduates of\nDiploma in Accounting programme were the subject of interviews with employers,\nacademic heads of commerce departments as well as an assistant director of\ncurriculum. The needs and expectations of accounting support staff were\nestablished. The desired competences of accounting support staff and the actual\ncompetences of accounting support staff as perceived by a variety of employers were\nidentified. Results indicated areas of the programme that need improvement. The\nproject proposes a CBET approach as an alternative to the present traditional\nprogramme.
Evaluation of health-related quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with celecoxib (2000)

Celecoxib was better than placebo and comparable with naproxen in improving functional status and overall HRQOL among RA patients.
Secretion of lysosomal hydrolases by stimulated and nonstimulated macrophages. (1978)

Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from untreated mice and from mice treated with thioglycollate medium (TA), proteose peptone medium (PP), or a suspension of streptococcus A cell wall material (SA). The biochemical and secretory properties of these cells in long term cultures (up to 2 wk) were compared. TA-elicited macrophages contained more protein, lactate dehydrogenase, lysosomal hydrolases, and in particular, more plasminogen activator than the other cells studied. All types of macrophages studied were found to release considerable amounts of lysosomal hydrolases (beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, and acid phosphatase) into the medium. Release was independent of phagocytosis and must, therefore, be regarded as true secretion. In both elicited and nonelicited macrophages, the rates of lysosomal enzyme secretion were virtually identical in the presence and in the absence of serum, and they were not enhanced by increasing serum concentrations. Lysosomal enzyme secretion in macrophages appears to depend on protein synthesis, since it was blocked by low concentrations of cycloheximide which neither affected cell viability nor lowered the intracellular enzyme levels. The amounts of lysosomal hydrolases secreted were highest in TA-elicited macrophages. The rates of secretion of PP- or SA-elicited and of nonelicited macrophages were about one-fourth of that of the TA-elicited cells. This difference, although significant, is much smaller than that observed for the secretion of plasminogen activator which was 20-50 times higher in TA-elicited cells. Acid glycosidases were also found in the peritoneal lavage media used for cell harvesting from both treated and nontreated mice. This indicates that active secretion of lysosomal hydrolases may be an in vivo property of the macrophage.
Evidence, from combined segregation and linkage analysis, that a variant of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene controls plasma ACE levels. (1992)

The hypothesis of a genetic control of plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) level has been suggested both by segregation analysis and by the identification of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene, a polymorphism contributing much to the variability of ACE level. To elucidate whether the I/D polymorphism was directly involved in the genetic regulation, plasma ACE activity and genotype for the I/D polymorphism were both measured in a sample of 98 healthy nuclear families. The pattern of familial correlations of ACE level was compatible with a zero correlation between spouses and equal parent-offspring and sib-sib correlations (.24 +/- .04). A segregation analysis indicated that this familial resemblance could be entirely explained by the transmission of a codominant major gene. The I/D polymorphism was associated with marked differences of ACE levels, although these differences were less pronounced than those observed in the segregation analysis. After adjustment for the polymorphism effects, the residual heritability (.280 +/- .096) was significant. Finally, a combined segregation and linkage analysis provided evidence that the major-gene effect was due to a variant of the ACE gene, in strong linkage disequilibrium with the I/D polymorphism. The marker allele I appeared always associated with the major-gene allele s characterized by lower ACE levels. The frequency of allele I was .431 +/- .025, and that of major allele s was .557 +/- .041. The major gene had codominant effects equal to 1.3 residual SDs and accounted for 44% of the total variability of ACE level, as compared with 28% for the I/D polymorphism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A cost model based on software maintainability (2012)

In this paper we present a maintainability based model for estimating the costs of developing source code in its evolution phase. Our model adopts the concept of entropy in thermodynamics, which is used to measure the disorder of a system. In our model, we use maintainability for measuring disorder (i.e. entropy) of the source code of a software system. We evaluated our model on three proprietary and two open source real world software systems implemented in Java, and found that the maintainability of these evolving software is decreasing over time. Furthermore, maintainability and development costs are in exponential relationship with each other. We also found that our model is able to predict future development costs with high accuracy in these systems.
MGAU: A new analysis code for measuring {sup 235}U enrichments in arbitrary samples (1994)

We have developed a computerized analysis method for determining {sup 235}U enrichment in uranium items where no suitable reference standards exist or where nonreproducible conditions make calibration impossible. The method requires no calibrations and is capable of accuracies of 1--2% in only a few minutes.
<title>Monogon laser scanner with no line wobble</title> (1991)

A new optical scanner is described which serves as a monogon, or single-facet device, providing one scan per shaft rotation. It cancels cross-scan line placement errors automatically, yielding scan lines which are spaced precisely, independent of drive shaft wobble. This scanner is configured for simple fabrication, of low mass and size, allowing convenient dynamic balance for high-speed operation. This new scanner is identified as an open-mirror monogon.
Integrative MicroRNA and Proteomic Approaches Identify Novel Osteoarthritis Genes and Their Collaborative Metabolic and Inflammatory Networks (2008)

Our findings indicate that obesity and inflammation are related to osteoarthritis, a metabolic disease affected by microRNA deregulation. Gene network approaches provide new insights for elucidating the complexity of diseases such as osteoarthritis. The integration of microRNA, proteomic and clinical data provides a detailed picture of how a network state is correlated with disease and furthermore leads to the development of new treatments. This strategy will help to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases such as osteoarthritis and provide possible novel therapeutic targets.