gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of Human Adenosine Kinase at 1.5 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Adenosine kinase (AK) is a key enzyme in the regulation of extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenylate levels. Inhibitors of adenosine kinase elevate adenosine to levels that activate nearby adenosine receptors and produce a wide variety of therapeutically beneficial activities. Accordingly, AK is a promising target for new analgesic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective agents. We determined the structure of human adenosine kinase by X-ray crystallography using MAD phasing techniques and refined the structure to 1.5 A resolution. The enzyme structure consisted of one large alpha/beta domain with nine beta-strands, eight alpha-helices, and one small alpha/beta-domain with five beta-strands and two alpha-helices. The active site is formed along the edge of the beta-sheet in the large domain while the small domain acts as a lid to cover the upper face of the active site. The overall structure is similar to the recently reported structure of ribokinase from Escherichia coli [Sigrell et al. (1998) Structure 6, 183-193]. The structure of ribokinase was determined at 1.8 A resolution and represents the first structure of a new family of carbohydrate kinases. Two molecules of adenosine were present in the AK crystal structure with one adenosine molecule located in a site that matches the ribose site in ribokinase and probably represents the substrate-binding site. The second adenosine site overlaps the ADP site in ribokinase and probably represents the ATP site. A Mg2+ ion binding site is observed in a trough between the two adenosine sites. The structure of the active site is consistent with the observed substrate specificity. The active-site model suggests that Asp300 is an important catalytic residue involved in the deprotonation of the 5'-hydroxyl during the phosphate transfer.
Molekulare Erkennung zwischen chemisch modifiziertem <i>β</i>‐Cyclodextrin und 1‐Decen: Zweiphasen‐Hydroformylierung von wasserunlöslichen Olefinen (1995)

Mit bis zu 100% Umsatz und mit einer Selektivität zugunsten der Aldehydbildung von bis zu 95% gelingt die Rh‐katalysierte Hydroformylierung von 1‐Decen im Zweiphasensystem Wasser/Alken in Gegenwart von teilmethyliertem β ‐Cyclodextrin [Gl.(a); R = Me; acac = Acetylacetonat]. Diese bemerkenswerten Ergebnisse werden auf die Bildung eines Alken/Cyclodextrin‐Einschlußkomplexes sowie auf die Löslichkeiten des Cyclodextrins in den beiden Phasen zurückgeführt. magnified image
Physiological characterization of a broad spectrum reductively dechlorinating consortium (2005)

Infective endocarditis is a relatively uncommon infection that requires a high index of suspicion and its diagnosis can sometimes be challenging.Endovascular infections require long-term parenteral treatment, so outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is an option for stable patients in order to avoid prolonged hospital stays.Dalbavancin is a novel antibiotic with high activity against Gram-positive pathogens and can be administered weekly.There is growing experience in the ambulatory treatment of Gram-positive cocci endovascular infections.
Myoblast transplantation for inherited myopathies: a clinical approach (2004)

Myoblast transplantation (MT) is an experimental strategy for the potential treatment of myopathies. MT has two properties that make it potentially beneficial: genetic complementation and myogenic potential. Preclinical experiments on monkeys have shown that promising results can be obtained with MT in large muscles of primates depending on two conditions: appropriate immunosuppression and cell delivery by a method of high-density injections. Preclinical work on MT is being, or may be, addressed to: develop efficient methods of donor cell delivery applicable to clinics; control or avoid acute rejection by methods with the fewest secondary effects; understand the factors that condition the early survival of donor cells following transplantation; increase the success of each individual injection; re-engineer a functional structure in muscles that degenerates to fibrosis and fat substitution; and search for precursor cells with potential advantages over myoblasts.
Migraine and Tension-Type Headache Reduction Through Pericranial Muscular Suppression: A Preliminary Report (2001)

Migraine and tension-type headaches have always plagued mankind. In spite of all the research dollars spent trying to determine the etiologies of these headaches, the neurology community still has not established a known cause of migraine and tension type headaches. This paper describes a study that was conducted for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in which the efficacy of the Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition Tension Suppression System was evaluated and proved safe and efficacious in the reduction of medically diagnosed migraine and tension-type headache.
Data-oriented exception handling (1992)

Exception handling mechanisms were added to programming languages to segregate normal algorithmic processing from error processing. However, handlers which are typically associated with exceptions through a program's control features, clutter source text when features are nested or when different objects require different responses to exceptions. The authors describe a method for associating handlers with data objects in declarations that better segregates algorithmic and error processing. They call their notion data-oriented exception handling to distinguish it from more conventional, control-oriented mechanisms. Empirical studies of Ada programs indicate that conventional exception handling mechanisms are more complex than necessary and that data-oriented exception handling can be used to produce programs that are smaller, better structured, and easier to understand and modify.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IL-2 or IL-4 mRNA as a Potential Flow Cytometric Marker Molecule for Selective Collection of Living T Helper 1 or T Helper 2 Lymphocytes (2003)

Flow cytometry has been widely used to analyze and sort out particular types of living cells that have specific marker molecules. In many cases, marker proteins are present on the cell surface and are detected by monoclonal antibodies against them. However, there are some cases in which cells do not have specific marker molecules on their surface. In this situation, it would be useful if mRNA that is expressed specifically in the particular cell could be used as a marker molecule. We previously reported that mRNA can be detected in living cells by hybridizing a pair of fluoreophore (donor or acceptor)-labeled oligonucleotides to adjacent locations on the target mRNA in the cytoplasm of cells (Tsuji, A.; Koshimoto, H.; Sato, Y.; Hirano, M.; Sei-Iida, Y.; Kondo, S.; Ishibashi, K. Biophys. J. 2000, 78, 3260−3274). On the formed hybrid of the two fluorescent oligonucleotides with the target mRNA, the distance between the two fluorophores becomes very close, which results in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Combining this fluorescent labeling method for mRNA with flow cytometry, we have examined the isolation of living CD4+ T helper lymphocytes expressing IL-2 mRNA (Th1) or IL-4 mRNA (Th2). A pair of fluorescent oligonucleotides for hybridizing to IL-2 or IL-4 mRNA were introduced into activated CD4+ T lymphocytes by electroporation. The cells were applied to FACS and analyzed by FRET signals. Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes were exclusively sorted from their mixed populations in activated CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to use mRNA as marker molecules to analyze and isolate living cells in flow cytometry.
Innovative approach to nanoscale device fabrication and low-temperature nitride film growth (2005)

Energetic neutral beam lithography/epitaxy (ENABLE) was used for etching very high-aspect-ratio nanoscale structures into polymers and for growing templated AlN films at low temperatures. Various methods were used for masking polymeric films for selective etching by energetic oxygen atoms to fabricate sub-100nm structures with aspect ratios exceeding 35:1. ENABLE was also utilized for low-temperature growth of AlN into previously etched polymer templates to directly form AlN wires. By taking advantage of the unique processing capabilities of ENABLE, new opportunities for making delicate nanostructures are made possible.
Software installation and condition data distribution via CernVM File System in ATLAS (2012)

The ATLAS collaboration is managing one of the largest collections of software among the High Energy Physics experiments. Traditionally, this software has been distributed via rpm or pacman packages, and has been installed in every site and user's machine, using more space than needed since the releases share common files but are installed in their own trees. As soon as the software has grown in size and number of releases this approach showed its limits, in terms of manageability, used disk space and performance. The adopted solution is based on the CernVM File System, a fuse-based HTTP, read-only filesystem which guarantees file de-duplication, on-demand file transfer with caching, scalability and performance. Here we describe the ATLAS experience in setting up the CVMFS facility and putting it into production, for different type of use-cases, ranging from single users' machines up to large data centers, for both software and conditions data. The performance of CernVM-FS, both with software and condition data access, will be shown, comparing with other filesystems currently in use by the collaboration.
New Epoxy/Jeffamine networks modified with ionic liquids (2013)

ABSTRACT Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A/Jeffamine D400 system was modified with 2.5 and 5.0 phr of ionic liquids based on imidazolium and phosphonium cations denoted N,N ′ ‐dioctadecyl‐imidazolium iodide, or octadecyl‐triphenylphosphonium iodide, [OdTPP][I], aiming to develop new networked materials with enhanced performance particularly in terms of mechanical properties and conductivity. The curing behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, suggesting that the presence of ionic liquids (ILs) accelerates the curing process of the epoxy system. Then, the networked materials were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis, and mechanical testing. The presence of the ILs did not affect the glass transition temperature but resulted in a decrease on the storage modulus. By transmission electron microscopy, we have highlighted that the ILs are not miscible inside the epoxy matrix. In fact, a phase separation in nanometric scale has been observed. Measurements of conductivity revealed that the system modified with [OdTPP][I] presented higher dielectric constant and higher electrical conductivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39834.
CEA‐CAM‐1 positive stem cells in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat (2009)

Carcinoembryonic antigen‐cell adhesion molecule‐1 (CEA‐CAM‐1) positive stem cells have been isolated from the skeletal muscle of adult mammals, including humans. The current study was undertaken to determine the location of these cells with respect to the cerebral cortex of the adult rat. Adult rats were euthanized following the guidelines of Mercer University's IACUC. The heads were fixed by immersion fixation, the brains isolated, cryosectioned and stained with an antibody diagnostic for adult pluripotential stem cells, i.e. CEA‐CAM‐1. CEA‐CAM‐1 positive stem cells were located as a diffuse population of cells within both the white matter and gray matter of the cerebral cortex, as well as within the blood vessels and connective tissues of the pia mater. The results demonstrate that this primitive stem cell population is native to the adult rat brain. Studies are ongoing to address their functional significance in neuronal injury and repair. Funding was provided by LM & HO Young Estate Trust and Dragonfly Foundation.
Screening Test of Crude Drug Extract on Anti-HIV Activity (1993)

The anti-HIV-1 effects of 204 crude drugs of common use in Japan were evaluated in vitro. As a result, 45 samples inhibited HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells. In particular, the hot water extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (root) and Prunella vulgaris (spike) showed the strongest anti-HIV-1 activities. Their IC100 values were both 16 micrograms/ml. In general, the hot water extracts of the crude drug suppressed the replication of HIV-1 growth more strongly than the cold water extracts.
Expression of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> OspC and DbpA is controlled by a RpoN–RpoS regulatory pathway (2001)

RpoS and RpoN are two alternative sigma factors typically associated with general stress responses in bacteria. To date, there has been no experimental evidence that RpoS and RpoN can directly control the expression of one another. Herein, using a combined strategy of gene disruption and genetic complementation targeting rpoN and rpoS in Borrelia burgdorferi strain 297, we describe a regulatory network for B. burgdorferi. In this network, RpoN controls the expression of RpoS, which, in turn, governs the expression of two important membrane lipoproteins, outer surface protein C and decorin-binding protein A, and likely other proteins of B. burgdorferi. Our findings provide a foundation for elucidating further key regulatory networks that potentially impact many aspects of B. burgdorferi's parasitic strategy, host range, and virulence expression.
Optimization and application of a wrap-spring clutch to a dynamic knee-ankle-foot orthosis (1999)

A dynamic knee-brace system (DKBS) has been designed which provides stance phase stability and swing phase freedom. A wrap-spring clutch controls knee flexion. Clutch optimization was performed minimizing clutch length. Kinematic tests on a normal subject using the DKBS document nearly normal dynamic knee flexion during swing (38 degrees versus 53 degrees for normal).
Hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation is associated with lower levels of activated CD4+CD25+CD45RO+IL-7rαhigh T cells (2009)

The expression of interleukin 7 receptor alpha(high) (IL-7Ralpha(high)) discriminates between activated CD25(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+) T cells [IL-7Ralpha(high) and forkhead box P3-negative (FoxP3(-))] and regulatory T cells (IL-7Ralpha(low) and FoxP3(+)). The IL-7Ralpha(high)CD25(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cell population has been shown to be expanded in the blood and tissues of patients after kidney transplantation and to contain alloreactive T cells (activated T cells). In the present study, we analyzed the distribution of IL-7Ralpha(high)CD25(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells in the blood of 53 patients after liver transplantation. The IL-7Ralpha(high)CD25(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cell population was significantly expanded (P < 0.0001) in stable transplant recipients versus healthy donors. However, the magnitude of the expansion was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in liver transplant recipients with no hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in comparison with those with a preexisting HCV infection. Interestingly, effective suppression of HCV viremia after antiviral therapy was associated with an increase in the IL-7Ralpha(high)CD25(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cell population to levels comparable to those of liver transplant recipients not infected with HCV. The present results indicate that (1) the IL-7Ralpha(high)CD25(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cell population is expanded after liver transplantation, (2) it is a valuable immunological marker for monitoring activated and potential alloreactive CD4 T cells in liver transplantation, and (3) a preexisting HCV infection negatively influences the expansion of this population in liver transplant recipients.
New Polyphenolic Compounds with Xanthylium Skeletons Formed through Reaction between (+)-Catechin and Glyoxylic Acid (1999)

The reaction between (+)-catechin and glyoxylic acid was studied in a model solution system. The major (+)-catechin carboxymethine-linked dimer was isolated and shown to proceed to new polyphenolic compounds exhibiting absorption maxima around 440 and 460 nm. Three yellow pigments were obtained by incubation of the 8-8 colorless isomer. One was the previously reported xanthylium compound NJ2 with a maximum at 440 nm. The other two, showing absorption maxima at 460 nm, were obtained separately by incubation of the colorless dimer in hydroethanolic or methanolic medium. Structural elucidation of these two new yellow pigments was achieved by means of MS and 1D and 2D NMR techniques and showed that they were, respectively, ethyl and methyl esters of NJ2. The fact that these compounds were not obtained when NJ2 was incubated in hydromethanolic or ethanolic medium showed that esterification took place before the formation of the xanthylium chromophores. The detection of the esterified colorless compounds and the corresponding xanthene intermediates confirmed the postulated mechanism. New pigments exhibiting a strong absorption at 560 nm were also observed.
Babinet Principle Applied to the Design of Metasurfaces and Metamaterials (2004)

The electromagnetic theory of diffraction and the Babinet principle are applied to the design of artificial metasurfaces and metamaterials. A new particle, the complementary split rings resonator, is proposed for the design of metasurfaces with high frequency selectivity and planar metamaterials with a negative dielectric permittivity. Applications in the fields of frequency selective surfaces and polarizers, as well as in microwave antennas and filter design, can be envisaged. The tunability of all these devices by an applied dc voltage is also achievable if these particles are etched on the appropriate substrate.
Frequency-stabilized DFB laser module using 1.53159 mu m absorption line of C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ (1989)

A frequency-stabilized distributed-feedback (DFB) laser module using the vibrational-rotational absorption of acetylene molecules is discussed. The size of this device is about 4.5 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 2 cm high. Frequency stability to within 0.5 MHz peak/peak fluctuation was achieved at the 1.53159 mu m wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Weighted support vector machine for data classification (2006)

This paper presents a weighted support vector machine (WSVM) to improve the outlier sensitivity problem of standard support vector machine (SVM) for two-class data classification. The basic idea is to assign different weights to different data points such that the WSVM training algorithm learns the decision surface according to the relative importance of data points in the training data set. The weights used in WSVM are generated by kernel-based possibilistic c-means (KPCM) algorithm, whose partition generates relative high values for important data points but low values for outliers. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method reduces the affect of outliers and yields higher classification rate than standard SVM does when outliers exist in the training data set.
Molecular size and solubility conditions of polysilane macromolecules with different topology (2016)

Solubility of polysilane macromolecules has so far been a scientific as well as technological problem due to a lack of understanding of their proper molecular size and agglomeration/de-agglomeration conditions. Here we show that, in contrary to previous reports, the polysilane molecules are inherently small enough to be, under right conditions, dissolved. We used a dynamic light scattering and a differential scanning calorimetry to show that even under a dilute regime the polymer molecules are agglomerated at room temperature and undergo de-agglomeration at slightly elevated temperatures of around 40 °C. The de-agglomeration results in formation of stable solutions of the polymer molecules of different topological structure in different organic solvents. We determined the polymer molecular sizes to be around 20 nm, much lower than previously reported. The measured molecular size was confirmed by transmission electron microscope imaging of the individual molecules.
SCH 370 (clotrimazole-betamethasone dipropionate) cream in patients with tinea cruris or tinea corporis. (1984)

The safety and efficacy of SCH 370 (1 percent clotrimazole/0.05 percent betamethasone dipropionate) cream was compared with each of its individual components in 331 patients with tinea cruris or tinea corporis. The study was a multicentered, randomized, double-blind, parallel-groups design. The patients received one of three treatments applied twice a day for two weeks and returned for a follow-up visit two weeks after the last application. Total signs and symptoms scores of infections were evaluated at baseline, once between days three to five, and after weeks one, two, and four. Culture and potassium hydroxide preparations were done at baseline and weeks two and four. SCH 370 cream demonstrated more rapid therapeutic activity than the antifungal agent alone, resulting in significantly better clinical results in early treatment and in midtreatment. As expected with a steroid, betamethasone dipropionate achieved relief of inflammatory signs and symptoms early in the course of treatment, but SCH 370 was superior from one week on in the patients with tinea cruris and at post-treatment in the patients with tinea corporis. Mycologically, SCH 370 cream and clotrimazole were comparable at the end of the study and results were significantly better than those for betamethasone dipropionate. All three treatments were safe with no reports of unexpected or serious adverse experiences.
Automatic Video Management System Using Face Recognition and MPEG-7 Visual Descriptors (2005)

ABSTRACTThe main goal of this research is automatic video analysis using a face recognition technique. In this paper, an automatic video management system is introduced with a variety of functions enabled, such as index, edit, summarize, and retrieve multimedia data. The automatic management tool utilizes MPEG-7 visual descriptors to generate a video index for creating a summary. The resulting index generates a preview of a movie, and allows non-linear access with thumbnails. In addition, the index supports the searching of shots similar to a desired one within saved video sequences. Moreover, a face recognition technique is utilized to personalbased video summarization and indexing in stored video data.
Evaporation Assisted CdSe Nanorod Assembly by Small Angle X-ray Scattering and Langmuir Adsorption (2014)

Using evaporative assembly of dilute (<3 wt %) CdSe nanorod solutions, we combine Langmuir adsorption and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to estimate the onset of nanorod alignment instigated by the dipolar character of CdSe nanorods. SAXS demonstrates that the peak scattering intensity increases along the diameter toward the center of each dry assembly. By agreement of SAXS and profilometry results, we have established a practical access window into the lyotropic feature of emergent orientational order or alignment in nanorod solutions. With a mean field approach involving the rod-rod or dipole-dipole interaction, i.e., Keesom interaction, and the observation that the nanorod dipole moment scales with nanorod volume, we demonstrate that reaction constants result in nanometer scale interparticle separations which increase with aspect ratio or excluded volume. We compute a SAXS weighted intensity alignment parameter, which improves with aspect ratio, to indicate edge-to-center orientational ordering within dry nanorod assemblies.