gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of p38 MAP kinase in LPS‐induced airway inflammation in the rat (2001)

We investigated the effect of the p38 kinase inhibitor SB 203580 on airway inflammation induced by aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male Wistar rats. SB 203580 significantly inhibited (ED(50)=15.8 mg kg(-1)) plasma levels of TNF-alpha in rats challenged with LPS (1.5 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Aerosolized LPS induced a peak in TNF-alpha levels and the initiation of a neutrophilic response in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at the 2 h time point. Furthermore, the 4 h time point was associated with the peak in IL-1beta levels and the initial plateau of neutrophilia observed in the BAL fluid. SB 203580 (100 mg kg(-1)), had no effect on peak TNF-alpha levels or the associated neutrophilia in the BAL. Interestingly, the PDE 4 inhibitor RP 73401 (100 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced both TNF-alpha levels and neutrophilic inflammation. However, the BAL fluid from rats pre-treated with either compound significantly inhibited TNF-alpha release from cultured human monocytes 18 h after LPS treatment (83.6 and 44.5% inhibition, respectively). Alternatively, SB 203580 (100 mg kg(-1)) produced dose-related inhibition of BAL IL-1beta levels (67.5% inhibition, P<0.01) and BAL neutrophilia (45.9% inhibition, P<0.01) 4 h after LPS challenge. P38 protein was present in lung tissue and the level of expression was not affected by LPS treatment. P38 kinase appears to be involved in the release of IL-1beta and the sustained neutrophilic response in the BAL fluid. This data may suggest a role for p38 inhibitors in the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases in which neutrophilia is a feature of the lung pathology.
Reduced immunoreactivity to calcium-binding proteins in Purkinje cells precedes onset of ataxia in spinocerebellar ataxia-1 transgenic mice (1998)

Earlier we have shown alterations in immunoreactivity (IR) to the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28k (CaB) in surviving Purkinje cells of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia-1 (SCA-1). In the present study we determined PV and CaB expression (by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses) in Purkinje cells of transgenic mice (TM) expressing the human SCA-1 gene with an expanded (line B05) and normal (line A02) CAG tract, as well as in age-matched nontransgenic mice (nTM). Heterozygotes in the B05 line develop progressive ataxia beginning around 12 weeks of age. A02 animals are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type (nontransgenic) animals. In the cerebella of 8-, 9-, and 12-week-old TM-B05 there was a progressive decrease in PV IR in Purkinje cells compared with nTM and TM-A02. Parvalbumin immunostaining in interneurons was well preserved in all groups. A progressive decrease was also observed in CaB IR in Purkinje cells of 8-, 9-, and 12-week-old TM-B05. Cerebellar Purkinje cells of 6-week-old TM-B05, which exhibit no ataxia and even lack demonstrable Purkinje cell loss, also revealed reduction in PV IR. This change was matched by a significant decrease in the amount of cerebellar PV in 6-week-old TM-B05 as determined by Western blot analysis. Calbindin D-28K immunohistochemistry did not detect any marked changes in CaB IR within Purkinje cells at 4 weeks. However, at 6 weeks immunostaining and immunoblot analysis revealed a significant decrease in CaB in TM-B05 compared with controls. These data suggest that decreased levels of calcium-binding proteins in Purkinje cells in SCA-1 transgenic mice may cause alteration in Ca2+ homeostasis.
Einteilung und einige augenfällige Eigenschaften der Metalle (Dichte) (1916)

Von den bis jetzt bekannten 85 Elementen der Chemie sind 60 Metalle; davon sind jedoch nur etwa 24 in größerem Maßstabe gewerblich verwertet; von diesen sind wieder etwa 11 durch den täglichen praktischen Gebrauch gut bekannt. Es sind dies:
Adaptive clock distribution for 3D integrated circuits (2011)

Clock distribution in three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) is faced with many challenges. In this work, we present new techniques for realizing highly adaptive and reliable clock distribution for 3D ICs. Firstly, an efficient clock distribution topology without need of balanced H-tree is proposed. Secondly, a robust tunable-delay-buffer (TDB) circuit and a novel active de-skew method are developed in order to handle the cross-die variations, thermal gradients, and wiring asymmetry. Moreover, a design optimization flow is constructed for improving the adaptive clock design based on the thermal profiles. Experiment results show that the clock skews are significantly reduced using the proposed techniques.
Generation of Digital Signaling Waveforms (1968)

Data transmission (digital signaling) systems generally transmit continuous, essentially bandlimited signals that represent alphanumeric sequences. The transmitting apparatus in such systems must therefore convert discrete symbols-often binary pulses-into prescribed analog waveforms. Current commercial systems do this via simple filtering, gating, and conventional modulation. These practices limit the types of waveforms that can be used and they are not always amenable to variable rate signaling. This paper describes a hybrid digital-analog method for approximating closely almost any reasonable digital signaling waveform. The basic idea is very simple: a "staircase" approximation of the desired signal can be generated via a shift-register version of a transversal filter. Variations on this idea, such as derivative approximation and multirate shifting, enhance its accuracy without destroying its simplicity and time-frequency scalability.
EXPLOSIVE OUTPUT FOR DRIVING METAL. (1972)

in excess of 10 to the 14th power W. Practical factors limiting generator performance are considered in detail. Specific areas of concern include resistive heating, internal arcing, and conductor dynamics. Two types of generator designs are investigated, both based on plane detonation systems. One design is a parallel plate generator and the other a new coaxial configuration. Relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed and some initial experimental work related to the new design is presented. (GRA)
<i>Waddlia chondrophila</i> , a Potential Agent of Human Fetal Death (2007)

We investigated the zoonotic potential of Waddlia chon-drophila, a new Chlamydia-like abortigenic agent in ruminants. Anti-Waddlia antibody reactivity was tested by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Waddlia seroprevalence was higher in women who had had sporadic and recurrent miscarriages than in control women (p < 0.001). Waddlia spp. may represent a cause of human fetal loss.
Welfare reform and American Indians: critical issues for reauthorization. (2002)

With reauthorization of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (P.L. 104-193) under consideration in Congress, this issue brief examines some key features of the welfare reform legislation as it applies to American Indians and reviews its impact on this population. It looks at the flexibility the act has given American Indian tribes to design and operate their own Temporary Assistance for Needy Families programs and explores barriers they face in doing so. The paper also examines some of the policy issues and opportunities surrounding welfare reform for American Indians.
Hotel Leadership Competencies: Senior Executive Leader Perspectives (2019)

The emergence of new technologies, globalization, evolving customer demands, and a changing workforce profile in the hotel industry prompted this exploratory investigation on leadership competencies for hotels. Using qualitative research methods, senior executive leaders from major hotel companies in the lodging industry were interviewed and through analysis, eighteen hotel leadership competencies emerged. Many competencies found in this study were consistent with previous research, while several new competencies were identified including, the proficient use of technology and social media, being adept at working in accelerated timeframes, ability to deliver learning based on workforce expectations, being accessible and available, and acting with authenticity.
A quarter-micron SIMOX-CMOS LVTTL-compatible gate array with an over 2,000 V ESD-protection circuit (2002)

A quarter-micron SIMOX-CMOS gate array with an LVTTL interface is described. The SIMOX-CMOS gates have the same delay at 1.2 V of supply voltage as that of the gates in 0.5-/spl mu/m bulk CMOS at 3.3 V and reduce power consumption 87%. The interface circuits in the array convert 3.3 V external signal from/to 2.0 V-1.2 V internal signal with little power penalty. An ESD protection circuit for the chip shows over 2,000 V of ESD hardness in the advanced SIMOX-CMOS having 50-nm thick silicon film.
Neurofilament gene expression: a major determinant of axonal caliber. (1987)

Within the wide spectrum of axonal diameters occurring in mammalian nerve fibers, each class of neurons has a relatively restricted range of axonal calibers. The control of caliber has functional significance because diameter is the principal determinant of conduction velocity in myelinated nerve fibers. Previous observations support the hypothesis that neurofilaments (NF) are major intrinsic determinants of axonal caliber in large myelinated nerve fibers. Following interruption of axons (axotomy) by crushing or cutting a peripheral nerve, caliber is reduced in the proximal axonal stumps, which extend from the cell bodies to the site of axotomy. (The distal axonal stumps, which are disconnected from the cell bodies, degenerate and are replaced by the outgrowth of regenerating axonal sprouts arising from the proximal stump). This reduction in axonal caliber in the proximal stumps is associated with a selective diminution in the amount of NF protein undergoing slow axonal transport in these axons, with a decrease in axonal NF content, and with reduced conduction velocity. The present report demonstrates that changes in axonal caliber after axotomy correlate with a selective alteration in NF gene expression. Hybridization with specific cDNAs was used to measure levels of mRNA encoding the 68-kDa neurofilament protein (NF68), beta-tubulin, and actin in lumbar sensory neurons of rat at various times after crushing the sciatic nerve. Between 4 and 42 days after axotomy by nerve crush, the levels of NF68 mRNA were reduced 2- to 3-fold. At the same times, the levels of tubulin and actin mRNAs were increased several-fold. These findings support the hypothesis that the expression of a single set of neuron-specific genes (encoding NF) directly determines axonal caliber, a feature of neuronal morphology with important consequences for physiology and behavior.
Discovery, characterization, and optimization of highly selective D <sub>2</sub> dopaminergic antagonists (2013)

The D 2 dopamine receptor (DAR) is central in the etiology and/or therapy of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, truly specific drugs for this receptor have been difficult to obtain, primarily due to high conservation of the orthosteric binding site within DAR subtypes and other G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). In order to develop novel molecular scaffolds for the D 2 DAR, we used high throughput screening to interrogate a small molecule library and identify hit ligands with distinct functional characteristics, mechanisms of action, and selectivity among DAR subtypes. Here we present the discovery of a novel series of small molecule selective D 2 DAR antagonists found in this campaign. One such hit was optimized via medicinal chemistry efforts, and a lead compound was identified with high D 2 selectivity versus D 1 , D 3 , D 4 and D 5 DARs. Interestingly the binding of this compound to the D 2 DAR demonstrated near complete dependence on Na + . Furthermore, the lead compound showed favorable ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In a profiling screen of a large panel of GPCRs the compound showed relatively low cross reactivity. This probe could be a useful pharmacological tool for studying structure activity relationships with the help of computational docking and simulations, as well as an ideal scaffold for the further development of even more highly selective D 2 DAR compounds.
Ciprofloxacin concentrations in bone and muscle after oral dosing (1986)

Ciprofloxacin, a quinoline derivative with marked gram-negative and staphylococcal activity, may be a valuable orally administered agent for use against soft-tissue and bone infections. The concentrations of this antibiotic in serum, bone, and muscle samples were determined in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. A total of 18 patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery or osteotomy were randomized to receive single oral doses of ciprofloxacin (500 mg, 750 mg, or 1 g); 10 patients with osteomyelitis were given single doses of 500 or 750 mg. Mean levels in bone of more than 1 microgram/g were achieved with the 750-mg ciprofloxacin doses in patients with osteomyelitis (1.4 +/- 1 microgram/g) or with the 1-g doses in patients without infections (1.6 +/- 0.6 microgram/g). The levels in muscle were significantly higher with each increasing dose level. Orally administered ciprofloxacin (750 mg given every 12 h) should provide adequate concentrations in bones and soft tissues to treat most osteomyelitis and soft-tissue infections.
Metagenome-Derived Clones Encoding Two Novel Lactonase Family Proteins Involved in Biofilm Inhibition in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2008)

Here we report the isolation and characterization of three metagenome-derived clones that interfere with bacterial quorum sensing and degrade N-(3-oxooctanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C(8)-HSL). By using a traI-lacZ gene fusion, the metagenome-derived clones were identified from a soil DNA library and analyzed. The open reading frames linked to the 3-oxo-C(8)-HSL-degrading activities were designated bpiB01, bpiB04, and bpiB07. While the BpiB07 protein was similar to a known lactonase, no significant similarities were observed for the BpiB01 and BpiB04 proteins or the deduced amino acid sequences. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that the identified genes encode novel lactone-hydrolyzing enzymes. The original metagenome-derived clones were expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and employed in motility and biofilm assays. All clones were able to reproducibly inhibit motility in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, these genes clearly inhibited biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa when expressed in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Thus, this is the first study in which metagenome-derived proteins have been expressed in P. aeruginosa to successfully inhibit biofilm formation.
Influence of CYP3A4 Inhibition on the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Imatinib (2007)

At steady state, imatinib is insensitive to potent CYP3A4 inhibition and relies on alternate elimination pathways. For agents with complex elimination pathways that involve autoinhibition, interaction studies that are done after a single dose may not be applicable when drugs are administered chronically.
Visual analysis of fingering for pedagogical violin transcription (2007)

Automatic music transcription, in spite of decades of research, remains a challenging research problem. The traditional audio-only approach has yet to achieve a satisfactory performance for any computer-aided pedagogical system. Inspired by the high correlation between violin playing techniques (fingering, bowing) and the played acoustic notes, this paper presents a first attempt in visual analysis of violin fingering to compensate for the difficulties in audio-only music transcription. This is achieved by a robust multiple finger tracking algorithm and a string detection method that extract press, release, and fingertip position from the fingering video and automatically translate the fingering information into the played acoustic note, i.e., onset, offset, and pitches. Experimental results reveal high correctness in multiple finger tracking and string detection, thus paving the way for an improved audio-visual violin transcription system.
Opposing Effects of Runx2 and Estradiol on Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation: <i>In Vitro</i> Identification of Reciprocally Regulated Gene Signature Related to Clinical Letrozole Responsiveness (2011)

This work provides clinical evidence for the importance of antagonism between Runx2 and E2 signaling in breast cancer. Likely sensing the tension between them, letrozole responsiveness of a genomic node, positively regulated by estradiol and negatively regulated by Runx2 in vitro, best correlated with the clinical efficacy of letrozole treatment.
Synthesis of Novel Thrombin Inhibitors. Use of Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions for Synthesis of P2 Cyclopentene- and Cyclohexenedicarboxylic Acid Derivatives (2003)

The thrombin inhibitory tripeptide d-Phe-Pro-Arg has been mimicked using either cyclopentenedicarboxylic derivatives or a cyclohexenedicarboxylic derivative as surrogate for the P2 proline. In the P3 position, tertiary amides were optimized as d-Phe P3 replacements. The P1 arginine was, in all compounds, substituted with the more rigid and biocompatible 4-aminomethylbenzamidine. One of the novel inhibitors was cocrystallized with alpha-thrombin and subjected to X-ray analysis. From analysis of the X-ray crystal structure, new ligands were designed leading to significantly improved binding affinity, the lead candidate exhibiting an in vitro IC(50) of 49 nM.
Detection of Borreliacidal Antibodies by Flow Cytometry (2003)

Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder that usually begins with a skin lesion called erythema migrans and with constitutional symptoms. If the disease is left untreated or treated inappropriately, dissemination of the organism can lead to more severe sequelae, including nervous system disorders or arthritis. Vaccinations with B. burgdorferi or several individual B. burgdorferi proteins induce borreliacidal antibodies that provide protection against infection by inducing a complement cascade that kills the spirochetes without the necessity of scavenging by phagocytic cells. Detection of borreliacidal antibodies is therefore useful for serodiagnosing Lyme disease and monitoring immune status after vaccination. This unit provides a technique for detecting anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies, as well as for preparing and determining the quality of Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK medium) and complement. In addition, methods are provided for preparation of a B. burgdorferi stock and Mueller-Hinton agar containing Bacillus subtilis spores.
HOW ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS INCREASE THE RATE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH (2002)

Two large clinical trials of drugs that exhibited significant antiarrhythmic properties in single cells were found to increase the rate of sudden cardiac death in patients by two to three fold over untreated patients. We hypothesized that premature excitation within the drug-altered vulnerable region, a region that trails each excitation wave, might be one mechanism for initiating re-entrant tachyarrhythmias that could lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. With numerical studies of a cardiac cell model, we probed the determinants of the vulnerable period. We found that antiarrhythmic drugs that block the sodium channel can increase the duration of the cardiac vulnerable period by both slowing conduction velocity and reducing the gradient of excitability. Coupling the dynamics of drug binding to ion channels with wave formation in a nonlinear excitable medium provides new insights into possible arrhythmogenic mechanisms.
Estimation of blood velocity with high frequency ultrasound (1996)

In order to map blood velocity in small regions near the transducer, we evaluate the performance of the wideband maximum likelihood (WMLE) strategy and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters for blood velocity estimation with a transducer center frequency of 38 MHz. Using a short transmitted pulse and the narrow lateral beam width obtained using this frequency, we show that velocities smaller than 1 mm/s can be estimated reliably. In addition, using both changes in the location and magnitude of the peak of the RF correlation, vessels as small as 40 /spl mu/m can be visualized in the RF signal and distinguished from stationary tissue. The experimental system also provides the opportunity to examine changes in flow and in the vessel wall over a cardiac cycle.
Aging, Elder Abuse and Homelessness (2011)

In Australia, it has been estimated that 250,000 people over the age of 60 are homeless or at risk of homelessness. Since 2004, housing stress for people over 70 years of age has increased b y 100 per cent and with Australia's rapidly ageing population this number will most likely continue to rise over the next two decades, especially when declining levels of home ownership among older people and escalating mortgage pressure are taken in to consideration. This highlights the need for government to address the needs of older people in housing and welfare policies in order to hold back the tide of homelessness among Australia's ageing population.
Multiplayer quantum games (2001)

Recently the concept of quantum information has been introduced into game theory. Here we present the first study of quantum games with more than two players. We discover that such games can possess an alternative form of equilibrium strategy, one which has no analog either in traditional games or even in two-player quantum games. In these ``coherent'' equilibria, entanglement shared among multiple players enables different kinds of cooperative behavior: indeed it can act as a contract, in the sense that it prevents players from successfully betraying one another.
Long-Term Functional Prognosis of Posterior Injuries in High-Energy Pelvic Disruption (1998)

This study shows that when the posterior injury is a fracture of the iliac wing or a mixed fracture with SI propagation, a long-term satisfactory functional result can be obtained without an exact reduction even in cases of vertical instability. Simple methods are usually sufficient, and it seems unnecessary to propose more aggressive treatment. It is important, however, to recognize that SI fracture-dislocations (17 percent in this series) seem to be quite different from pure SI disruptions in terms of persistent pain. Moreover, it appears that exact reduction of pure SI lesions is critical for good functional results, something that is difficult to obtain with conservative procedures. Sacral fractures represent a special problem for the surgeon because of the frequency of fair results in which neurologic lesions whose pathophysiology is poorly known seem to be responsible.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Following Radical Prostatectomy (2009)

TRT is effective in improving testosterone levels, without increasing PSA values, in hypogonadal men who have undergone RP.
Progress report Vaccine financing experts outline accomplishments of AAP-AMA Immunization Congress (2008)

Progress on recommendations made during last year’s AAP-AMA Immunization Congress soon may bring financial relief to pediatricians and clinicians operating in what has been called a broken vaccine delivery and reimbursement system.

Accomplishments include securing data on the true disparities in
Gradient-index rod lens made by a double ion-exchange process (1988)

Gradient-index rod lenses with a parabolic-index profile have been fabricated by a double Na-Ag ion-exchange process, and their optical characteristics have been evaluated. The numerical aperture and minimum focused spot diameter of the 2-mm diam rod lens were 0.58 and 2.5 microm for lambda = 0.63 microm, respectively. Because of the high diffusing rate for Ag ions, this technique offers the possibility of making large-sized (larger than 10 mm-diam) rod lenses for photographic uses.
Switchable Electromagnetic Bandgap Surface Wave Antenna (2014)

This paper presents a novel switchable electromagnetic bandgap surface wave antenna that can support both a surface wave and normal mode radiation for communications at 2.45 GHz. In the surface wave mode, the antenna has a monopole-like radiation pattern with a measured gain of 4.4 dBi at ±49° and a null on boresight. In the normal mode, the antenna operates like a back-fed microstrip patch antenna.