gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static Scaling in an Amorphous Metallic Spin Glass (1986)

The nonlinear susceptibility of the amorphous metallic spin glass (Fe0.15Ni0.85)75P16B6Al3 has been investigated in a SQUID magnetometer using both a.c. and d.c. techniques. A H2-dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility is clearly resolved in a wide temperature range and the experimental data imply a divergence at a finite transition temperature, Tg = 22.6 K. An unprecedented scaling fit is achieved with the following values of the critical exponent γ = 3.4, β = 0.38 and δ = 10. An explicit study of the susceptibility at Tg indicates that the anticipated phase transition is destroyed.
Degradation of hypomodified tRNA<sub>i</sub><sup>Met</sup> in vivo involves RNA-dependent ATPase activity of the DExH helicase Mtr4p (2007)

Effective turnover of many incorrectly processed RNAs in yeast, including hypomodified tRNA(iMet), requires the TRAMP complex, which appends a short poly(A) tail to RNA designated for decay. The poly(A) tail stimulates degradation by the exosome. The TRAMP complex contains the poly(A) polymerase Trf4p, the RNA-binding protein Air2p, and the DExH RNA helicase Mtr4p. The role of Mtr4p in RNA degradation processes involving the TRAMP complex has been unclear. Here we show through a genetic analysis that MTR4 is required for degradation but not for polyadenylation of hypomodified tRNA(iMet). A suppressor of the trm6-504 mutation in the tRNA m(1)A58 methyltransferase (Trm6p/Trm61p), which causes a reduced level of tRNA(iMet), was mapped to MTR4. This mtr4-20 mutation changed a single amino acid in the conserved helicase motif VI of Mtr4p. The mutation stabilizes hypomodified tRNA(iMet) in vivo but has no effect on TRAMP complex stability or polyadenylation activity in vivo or in vitro. We further show that purified recombinant Mtr4p displays RNA-dependent ATPase activity and unwinds RNA duplexes with a 3'-to-5' polarity in an ATP-dependent fashion. Unwinding and RNA-stimulated ATPase activities are strongly reduced in the recombinant mutant Mtr4-20p, suggesting that these activities of Mtr4p are critical for degradation of polyadenylated hypomodified tRNA(iMet).
Quality through flow and immersion (2012)

Crowdsourcing is a market of steadily-growing importance upon which both academia and industry increasingly rely. However, this market appears to be inherently infested with a significant share of malicious workers who try to maximise their profits through cheating or sloppiness. This serves to undermine the very merits crowdsourcing has come to represent. Based on previous experience as well as psychological insights, we propose the use of a game in order to attract and retain a larger share of reliable workers to frequently-requested crowdsourcing tasks such as relevance assessments and clustering. In a large-scale comparative study conducted using recent TREC data, we investigate the performance of traditional HIT designs and a game-based alternative that is able to achieve high quality at significantly lower pay rates, facing fewer malicious submissions.
Phloem Unloading of C and N Assimilates in Developing Seeds (1985)

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . 317 PATHWAY OF ASSIMILATE IMPORT 318 Role of Maternal Tissues ...... .... 318 Structural Aspects of Unloading . ...... . . . . .. .. .. . . ....... . . ..... .. 319 CHARACTERISTICS OF PHLOEM UNLOADING. .. .... . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . 329 Development of the Empty Seed Coat Techni que 329 Kinetics of Assimilate Delivery 330 Solute Transformations during Delivery 332 Ener gy-Dependent Unloading 333 The Nature of Os moti c Effects 336 SUMMARy. . . . . . . . . .. ....... . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . ... 339
In Situ Generation of Cell‐Laden Porous MMP‐Sensitive PEGDA Hydrogels by Gelatin Leaching (2014)

Proteolytically degradable poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogels have been investigated as tissue engineering scaffolds; however, cell invasion and tissue regeneration are limited by the rate of cell-mediated degradation due to the small mesh size of the resultant crosslinked network. Gelatin leaching is combined with photopolymerization to form porous matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive PEG scaffolds under cytocompatible conditions in the presence of cells. Gelatin leaching allows control over pore size and porosity through selectivity of gelatin bead particle size and porogen loading, respectively. Increases in porogen loading lead to increased porosity, decreased compressive modulus and degradation time, and enhanced proliferation of encapsulated vascular smooth muscle cells.
A wavelet/Bayes approach for small notch detection in Eddy Current testing of steam generator tubes (2000)

Imaging methods applied to Eddy Current (EC) testing should allow, in the near future, the computational 3D reconstruction of the conductivity at every point of the inspected media. Thus, in the context of steam generator tube testing, a direct image of the defects will be provided. However, the in situ implementation of imaging methods requires both a specific probe and an efficient defect detection method to select suspicious areas in which the imaging process will be performed. We have presented a multi-segment probe answering the imaging specific requirements. In this paper, we present a defect detection method, based on a wavelet/Bayes approach, specially designed for the small notch detection. Indeed small notch EC signals are highly polluted by the roughness of the tube’s inner wall (Pilgrim noise). However, the continuous wavelet transform is well adapted to analyze such signals. It is used here to maximize the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Then, we achieve the diagnostic thanks to a Bayes detection. This method is applied to the EC signals provided by our probe during the inspection of notched tube samples. It allows an efficient detection for inner and outer notches as small as 100 μm wide, 15 mm long and 10% deep.
Glucose Requirement for Mouse Sperm Capacitation in vitro (1976)

Requirements for the three energy substrates (glucose, lactate and pyruvate) which are present in Whitten's medium for fertilization of mouse ova in vitro by epididymal sperm were examined. Capacitation of sperm during a 3 h preincubation period occurred equally well in complete medium and in medium from which lactate and pyruvate had been omitted. The proportion of ova fertilized by sperm when lactate was omitted from the medium was not significantly different from that obtained with complete medium. Thus, glucose is the major source of energy for capacitation of epididymal mouse sperm, but the presence of cumulus cells or pyruvate is required to maintain ova viability during the incubation with sperm. Ova viability was not maintained by lactate in the absence of pyruvate. The substitution of fructose for glucose in Whitten's medium resulted in very low fertilization rates similar to those found when glucose was omitted from the medium. The rate at which CO2 was produced from fructose by sperm during a 3 h incubation period was approximately one-half of the rate from glucose, suggesting that failure of fructose to support fertilization probably involves deficiencies in its transport or intracellular metabolism to provide adequate energy for sperm motility and capacitation. Rates of CO2 production from carbon atoms (numbers 1 and 6) of glucose during incubation with sperm were not significantly different, suggesting that glucose is oxidized primarily by the glycolytic pathway during capacitation of sperm.
Integer Programming Algorithms: A Framework and State-of-the-Art Survey (1972)

A unifying framework is developed to facilitate the understanding of most known computational approaches to integer programming. A number of currently operational algorithms are related to this framework, and prospects for future progress are assessed.
Diagnostic accuracy of anti-alpha-fodrin antibodies for primary Sjögren's syndrome (2013)

Anti-alpha-fodrin IgG and IgA antibodies are useful diagnostic markers which may improve the accuracy of pSS diagnosis.
A Bead-Based Multiplexed Immunoassay to Evaluate Breast Cancer Biomarkers for Early Detection in Pre-Diagnostic Serum (2012)

This study investigates whether a set of ten potential breast cancer serum biomarkers and cancer antigens (osteopontin (OPN), haptoglobin, cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), prolactin, cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), α-fetoprotein (AFP), leptin and migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) can predict early stage breast cancer in samples collected before clinical diagnosis (phase III samples). We performed a nested case-control study within the Prospect-EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition) cohort. We examined to what extent the biomarker panel could discriminate between 68 women diagnosed with breast cancer up to three years after enrollment and 68 matched healthy controls (all 56-64 years at baseline). Using a quantitative bead-based multiplexed assay, we determined protein concentrations in serum samples collected at enrollment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Forest (RF) analysis revealed that on the basis of all ten proteins, early cases could not be separated from controls. When we combined serum protein concentrations and subject characteristics related to breast cancer risk in the RF analysis, this did not result in classification accuracy scores that could correctly classify the samples (sensitivity: 50%, specificity: 50%). Our findings indicate that this panel of selected tumor markers cannot be used for diagnosis of early breast cancer.
ESD-sensitivity study of GMR recording heads with a flex-on-suspension head-gimbal assembly (2003)

The goal of this paper is to share information on the study of the ESD sensitivity of giant magnetoresistive recording transducers built on flex-on-suspension (FOS) or trace-suspension assembly (TSA) head-gimbal assemblies (HGA). In order to measure the tribo-charging of these very small assemblies, a small 1 pF sensor plate was built. Using this sensor plate, the relative tribo-electric voltages of the FOS/TSA HGA were measured. A field induced charge-device-model (CDM) test, using the sensor plate, was performed on both the FOS and wire HGAs. Damage due to electromagnetic interference (EMI) was also evaluated on both the FOS and wire HGAs.
Formation of Tap/NXT1 Heterodimers Activates Tap-Dependent Nuclear mRNA Export by Enhancing Recruitment to Nuclear Pore Complexes (2002)

The Tap protein has been shown to activate the nuclear export of mRNA species bearing retroviral constitutive transport elements and is also believed to play an essential role in the sequence nonspecific export of cellular mRNAs. However, it has remained unclear how Tap activity is regulated in vivo. Here, we report that the small NXT1/p15-1 protein functions as a critical cofactor for Tap-mediated mRNA export in both human and invertebrate cells. In the absence of NXT1 binding, the Tap protein is unable to effectively interact with components of the nuclear pore complex and both Tap nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and the nuclear export of mRNA molecules tethered to Tap are therefore severely attenuated. Formation of a Tap/NXT1 heterodimer enhances nucleoporin binding both in vitro and in vivo and induces the formation of a Tap/NXT1/nucleoporin ternary complex that is likely to be a key intermediate in the process of nuclear mRNA export. The critical importance of NXT1 for the nuclear export of poly(A)(+) RNA is emphasized by the finding that specific inhibition of the expression of the Drosophila homolog of human NXT1, by using RNA interference, results in the nuclear accumulation of poly(A)(+) RNA in cultured insect cells. These data suggest that NXT1 may act as a molecular switch that regulates the ability of Tap to mediate nuclear mRNA export by controlling the interaction of Tap with components of the nuclear pore.
Generating surrogate data for time series with several simultaneously measured variables (1994)

We propose an extension to multivariate time series of the phase-randomized Fourier-transform algorithm for generating surrogate data. Such surrogate data sets must mimic not only the autocorrelations of each of the variables in the original data set, they must mimic the cross correlations between all the variables as well. The method is applied both to a simulated example (the three components of the Lorentz equations) and to data from a multichannel electroencephalogram.
Design of tie line tripping and load shedding scheme for distribution microgrid systems with wind power generation (2011)

This paper is to study the enhancement of power system quality for distribution feeders with wind generator (WG) by applying the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to provide the voltage support during fault contingency. The critical clearing time for circuit breaker tripping to isolate the fault is derived by considering the low voltage ride through capability of WG and the reactive power compensation by STATCOM system. To restore the stable operation of the microgrid after the fault transient disturbance, an adaptive load shedding scheme is proposed to disconnect proper amount of nonessential loads according to the feeder loading and wind speed so that the tripping of WG due to under frequency constraint can be prevented. A Taipower distribution system has been selected for computer simulation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to determine the setting feeder CB tripping and load shedding to improve the power system stability of distribution feeder with wind generator.
Effects of ibuprofen on postoperative bowel motility and propulsion (1988)

Eighteen mongrel dogs were randomized into two groups, and all underwent right segmental colectomy. One group received ibuprofen, 12 mg/kg, preoperatively and postoperatively q6h for 24 hours; the second group served as a saline control. Propulsion was measured radiographically (q8h X 24h, then q12h) by following intraluminal radiopaque markers. Motility was measured with a multilumen monometric catheter on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 for a 3-hour period. Propulsion, as defined by movement of more than 80 percent of the markers to the rectum, averaged 46 hours in the saline animals vs. 40.8 hours in the ibuprofen animals for an average decrease of 13 percent (P = .42). Postoperative motility showed a significant increase in the ibuprofen-treated animals on the first postoperative day (26.8 percent, P = .043), most marked at the level of the ileum (48 percent, P = .005), with insignificant differences on the second and third days. Studies comparing ileum, proximal, and distal colon suggest that ileum and proximal colon may be the major site of ibuprofen effect (10.7 percent, P = .23 and 11.96 percent, P = .41 respectively). The data suggest that ibuprofen may have a beneficial effect on postoperative bowel motility but the clinical significance of this still needs to be determined.
Circuit Modeling and Performance Analysis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Interconnects (2008)

Metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received much attention for their unique characteristics as a possible alternative to Cu interconnects in future ICs. Until this date, while almost all fabrication efforts have been directed toward multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) interconnects, there is a lack of MWCNT modeling work. This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed investigation of MWCNT-based interconnect performance. A compact equivalent circuit model of MWCNTs is presented for the first time, and the performance of MWCNT interconnects is evaluated and compared against traditional Cu interconnects, as well as Single-Walled CNT (SWCNT)-based interconnects, at different interconnect levels (local, intermediate, and global) for future technology nodes. It is shown that at the intermediate and global levels, MWCNT interconnects can achieve smaller signal delay than that of Cu interconnects, and the improvements become more significant with technology scaling and increasing wire lengths. At 1000- global or 500- intermediate level interconnects, the delay of MWCNT interconnects can reach as low as 15% of Cu interconnect delay. It is also shown that in order for SWCNT bundles to outperform MWCNT interconnects, dense and high metallic-fraction SWCNT bundles are necessary. On the other hand, since MWCNTs are easier to fabricate with less concern about the chirality and density control, they can be attractive for immediate use as horizontal wires in VLSI, including local, intermediate, and global level interconnects.
Ordered Micro/Nanostructured Arrays Based on the Monolayer Colloidal Crystals (2007)

Besides the traditional lithographical techniques to fabricate the ordered mciro/nanostructured arrays, the route of the monolayer colloidal crystal template is a recently promising, alternative process for the synthesis of the micro/nanostructures with different designed morphologies. By this strategy, two-dimensional ordered arrays, e.g., nanoparticle arrays, pore arrays, nanoring arrays, nanobowl arrays, hollow sphere arrays, etc., even one-dimensional nanostructures of ordered nanorod/nanopillar/nanowire arrays, etc., could be prepared. Recent progress in this area is reviewed, including synthesis strategies and morphology-dependent properties of the micro/nanostructured arrays such as optical properties, wettability, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and photonic bandgap.
Structure of protein texturates obtained by thermoplastic extrusion (1990)

Abstract The structure of texturates of moistened proteins (0.33 g water per 1 g protein) obtained by thermoplastic extrusion was investigated using X‐ray scattering, differential IR‐spectroscopy, optical microscopy and mechanical cut testing. Texturates were cooled at the output of the extruder using additional die preventing explosionlike evaporation of water. It was shown that textures of individual proteins (ovalbumin and BSA) had amorphous isotropic structure, whereas texturates of soybean protein isolates (SPI) exhibited mechanically anisotropic amorphous structure. The fraction of β‐sheet structure in polypeptide chains increased during extrusion process. Besides non‐covalent interactions and S‐S bonds other covalent bindings are suggested to stabilize texturate structure. The obtained data was used to discuss possible mechanisms leading to the creation of fibrous texturates.
The time domain characteristics of a traveling-wave linear antenna with linear and non-linear loads (1979)

This paper discusses the time-domain characteri sties of a travelingwave linear antenna with linear and nonlinear loads. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to analyze an antenna with a linear load. A numerical time-stepping, finite-difference equation method is used to analyze an antenna with a nonlinear load. The nonlinear effect is treated by the Newton-Raphson iteration technique. Effects of various linear and nonlinear loads are examined. Physical insight into the nonlinear loading of the antenna is also given in terms of detected time-domain sinusoidal electromagnetic (EM) waves.
The Structure and Regulation of Flagella in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2014)

Bacterial flagellar motility is among the most extensively studied physiological systems in biology, but most research has been restricted to using the highly similar Gram-negative species Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Here, we review the recent advances in the study of flagellar structure and regulation of the distantly related and genetically tractable Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis has a thicker layer of peptidoglycan and lacks the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria; thus, not only phylogenetic separation but also differences in fundamental cell architecture contribute to deviations in flagellar structure and regulation. We speculate that a large number of flagella and the absence of a periplasm make B. subtilis a premier organism for the study of the earliest events in flagellar morphogenesis and the type III secretion system. Furthermore, B. subtilis has been instrumental in the study of heterogeneous gene transcription in subpopulations and of flagellar regulation at the translational and functional level.
Ozone Treatment of Surface Water to Provide High Quality Cooling Water and Process Water (1980)

The characteristic feature of this cooling tower water treatment is the intermittent addition of ozone for several days.
Predicting periodic and chaotic signals using Wavenets (2017)

This thesis discusses forecasting periodic time series using Wavenets with an application in financial time series. Conventional neural networks used for forecasting such as the LSTM and the full convolutional network (FCN) are computationally expensive. The Wavenet uses dilated convolutions which significantly reduces the computational cost compared to the FCN with the same number of inputs. Forecasts made on the sine wave shows that the network can successfully fully forecast a sine wave. Forecasts made on the Mackey Glass time series shows that the network can outperform the LSTM and other methods Furthermore, forecasts made on the Lorenz system shows that the network is able to outperform the LSTM. By conditioning the network on the other relevant coordinate, the prediction becomes more accurate and is able to make full forecasts. In a financial application, the network shows less predictive accuracy compared to multivariate dynamic kernel support vector machines. <br/>
Aromatic substitution by the SRN1 mechanism (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic substitution by the SRN1 mechanismJoseph F. BunnettCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 11, 413–420Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50131a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50131a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4198Altmetric-Citations534LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preeclampsia and Pregnancy-Related Hypertensive Disorders (2015)

Our understanding of hypertension during pregnancy and, in particular, preeclampsia has changed dramatically over the last decade. During the last year (2014–2015), several articles published in Hypertension have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and its related complications.1–38 In addition, Hypertension also published some key research communications that translated important basic science observations into the clinic. Some of these articles are briefly discussed, highlighting their significance to our understanding of the mechanism of the disease, to predict the disease and to treat or prevent hypertension during pregnancy and other preeclampsia-related complications.