gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface grafting of poly(vinylamine) onto poly(ethylene) film by corona discharge-induced grafting (1999)

Poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) was grafted on a poly(ethylene) (PE) film surface via the surface graft polymerization of N-vinylformamide (NVF) and N-vinylacetamide (NVA) and the subsequent hydrolysis of those grafted polymers. The surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, moisture absorption, and the leakage of electrostatic charge from the films. PNVF and PNVA were introduced onto the surface of the PE film successfully, in spite of the fact that the initiator for polymerization was a peroxide group. The grafted amounts of PNVF and PNVA were dependent on the grafting time. A PVAm-grafted surface was obtained via the hydrolysis of the grafted PNVF. The grafted-PNVA was not hydrolyzed under mild hydrolysis. The obtained PVAm-grafted surface appeared to be useful for various applications, such as protein immobilization or chemical modification. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1583–1587, 1999
AMBULANCE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM STUDY (1979)

This report documents the results of an Ambulance Electrical System Study which was conducted to develop recommendations for a revision of the Federal Ambulance Specifications (KKK-A-1822). The overall goal was to determine the electrical needs of the modern ambulance and develop a model system which was economical in cost and energy consumption, safe for the patient and operator, provided for future growth, and provided the maximum in reliability and maintainability. The report addresses problems and recommendations on three specific aspects of ambulance electrical systems: (1) Ambulance electric power generation, distribution and loads; (2) Patient micro-shock considerations; (3) Maintenance of battery-powered medical apparatus.
New Efficient Calixarene Amide Ionophores for the Selective Removal of Strontium Ion from Nuclear Waste:  Synthesis, Complexation, and Extraction Properties (2001)

Three novel lower rim hexamide derivatives 5(6), 7(6), and 9(6) of p-hydroxycalix[6]arene and four octamides 5(8), 7(8)-9(8) derived from the corresponding p-hydroxycalix[8]arene were synthesized, and their potential as extractants in radioactive waste treatment was evaluated, in comparison with upper rim analogues 12(6) and 12(8) and other existing selective neutral ionophores currently used in radioactive waste treatment. Extraction of alkali and alkaline earth metal picrates from water to dichloromethane, and of the corresponding nitrates from acidic water solution simulating radioactive waste, to 2-nitrophenyl hexyl ether (NPHE), showed that the lower rim amides extract divalent cations much better than monovalent ones. The upper rim hexa-12(6) and octamide 12(8) are very inefficient ligands, hardly extracting any cation. In all cases, p-alkoxy octamides are more efficient and selective extractants than the corresponding hexamides. In the case of simulated waste solutions, the distribution coefficients for strontium removal by octamides (6.5 < D(Sr) < 30) are much higher than the corresponding value (D(Sr)) found for dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DC18C6), and the same applies for the strontium/sodium selectivity, which is 6500 < D(Sr)/D(Na) < 30 000 for octamides and 47 for DC18C6. ESI-MS, UV-vis, and X-ray crystal structure studies give consistent results and indicate the formation of 2:1 (cation/ligand) strontium complexes for all octamides tested. Stability constants were determined in homogeneous methanol solution for alkali metal (log beta(11) < or = 2), calcium (4.3 < or = log beta(11) < or = 6.0; 9.4 < or = log beta(21) < or = 12.0), and strontium (5.6 < or = log beta(11) < or = 12.3) ions using a UV-vis competition method with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). They confirm the high efficiency and high divalent/monovalent selectivity found in metal ion extraction experiments for the new octamide ligands. Evidence for a positive cooperative effect between the two metal ion binding sites was obtained in the case of the Ca(2+) complex of octamide 1(8).
Residues of 14-3-3ζ Required for Activation of Exoenzyme S of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1999)

Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ExoS requires a eukaryotic factor, the 14-3-3 protein, for enzymatic activity. Here, two aspects of the activation of the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of ExoS by 14-3-3 proteins are examined. Initial studies showed that several isoforms of 14-3-3, including beta, zeta, eta, sigma, and tau, activated ExoS with similar efficiency. This implicates a conserved structure in 14-3-3 that contributes to the interaction between 14-3-3 and ExoS. One candidate structure is the conserved amphipathic groove that mediates the 14-3-3/Raf-1 interaction. The next series of experiments examined the role of individual amino acids of the amphipathic groove of 14-3-3 zeta in ExoS activation and showed that ExoS activation required the basic residues lining the amphipathic groove of 14-3-3 zeta without extensive involvement of the hydrophobic residues. Strikingly, mutations of Val-176 of 14-3-3 zeta that disrupted its interaction with Raf-1 did not affect the binding and activation of ExoS by 14-3-3. Thus, ExoS selectively employs residues in the Raf-binding groove for its association with 14-3-3 proteins.
Regional Taste Sensitivity to NaCl: Relationship to Subject Age, Tongue Locus and Area of Stimulation (1995)

Using a signal detection procedure and a microprocessor-controlled gustometer, sensitivity to three concentrations of NaCl (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 M) was measured on the tongue tip, and on a region 3.0 cm posterior to the tongue tip in 12 young (20-29 years of age) and 12 elderly (70-79 years of age) subjects. Stimulus duration was 2 s; the sizes of the tongue areas stimulated were 12.5, 25 and 50 mm2. On average, the young subjects were more sensitive to NaCl on the tongue tip than on the more posterior stimulation site and exhibited, at both tongue loci, an increase in detection performance as stimulus concentration increased. The elderly subjects, on the other hand, performed at chance level at both tongue loci for all three stimulus sizes and concentrations tested. No sex differences were observed. In the young subjects, the mean R-index increased monotonically as a function of stimulus size for the two highest NaCl concentrations at both tongue loci. A hyperbolic function provided the best fit to these data at the tongue tip, and an exponential function at the more posterior tongue region, implying a different pattern of spatial summation at these two sites. Overall, this study demonstrates that marked age-related changes in regional taste sensitivity to NaCl are present in elderly persons.
The First Rapid Palladium-Catalyzed Aminations of (Azahetero)aryl Chlorides under Temperature-Controlled Microwave Heating (2003)

Fast palladium-catalyzed aminations of activated and unactivated azaheteroaryl chlorides as well as unactivated aryl chlorides have been achieved using temperature-controlled microwave heating. Good yields (75-91%) were obtained in a reaction time of only 10 minutes.
Hydrides of Boron and Silicon. (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrides of Boron and Silicon.Alfred StockAlfred StockMore by Alfred StockCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1934, 38, 5, 714–715Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1934https://doi.org/10.1021/j150356a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (184 KB) Get e-Alerts
MEMS Adaptive Optics Devices: LDRD No. 02-1385 Summary Report (2002)

The primary goal of this portion of the LDRD is to develop a vertical programmable diffraction grating that can be fabricated with Sandia's Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS Technology, the SUMMiT V{trademark} process. This grating is targeted for use in a chemical detection system dubbed the Polychromator. A secondary goal is to design diffraction grating structures with additional degrees of freedom (DOF). Gratings with 2.5 microns of vertical stroke have been realized. In addition, rotational DOF grating structures have been successfully actuated, and a structure has been developed that minimizes residual stress effects.
<sup>14</sup>C‐MIB adsorption on PAC in natural water (1998)

A new way of measuring very low concentrations of MIB allows calculation of the PAC dose needed to mitigate odors caused by MIB. Kinetic and equilibrium studies using five powdered activated carbons (PACs) and 14 C‐labeled 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB) in Lake Michigan water produced guidelines for determining the dose of PAC needed to remove MIB. The equilibrium data, supported by predictions from the equivalent background compound competitive adsorption model, indicate that the percent MIB remaining at equilibrium is a function of the carbon dosage, independent of the initial MIB concentration. Kinetic experiments, analyzed in terms of the homogeneous surface diffusion model, demonstrated that the surface diffusion coefficient, D s , is independent of both carbon dosage and initial MIB concentration. Together these equilibrium and kinetic studies show that for any given PAC dosage in natural water and for any fixed time of contact, the percent MIB remaining in an ideal reactor is independent of the initial MIB concentration. Thus the PAC dosage required to mitigate any MIB episode for any contact time of interest may be quickly determined from a C t / C 0 × 100 percent versus C c plot. These studies have also exhibited a new application of 14 C‐MIB allowing for the rapid collection of reproducible and accurate adsorption data.
Decrease of Urinary Nerve Growth Factor but Not Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Treated with Hyaluronic Acid (2014)

Urinary NGF, but not BDNF, levels decreased significantly after HA therapy; both of these factors remained higher than in controls even after HA treatment. HA had a beneficial effect on IC/BPS, but it was limited. The reduction of urinary NGF levels was significant in responders, with a reduction of pain and improved GRA.
Data stream processing in factory automation (2010)

Data stream processing is a valuable technique to solve demanding problems that also occur in factory automation, such as continuous data processing with high throughput and real-time output, and distributed data acquisition and processing. However, the intricacies of data stream processing techniques make its application difficult in real-life scenarios. One particularly challenging situation arises when changing conditions necessitate a modification in processing logic of system operators. This is especially difficult in the presence of streaming data and transient internal states of the system. Since downtimes are expensive, an efficient solution has to be provided for updating the processing logic. In this paper, strategies for on-the-fly adaptation of data stream queries are presented and experimentally evaluated with examples from the domain of condition-based maintenance. Techniques for state preservation allow for a fast transition to new processing logic. The results show that our strategies are well suited for demanding applications in factory environments.
[<sup>125</sup>I/<sup>127</sup>I]IodoHoechst 33342:  Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Biodistribution (1996)

An iodinated analog of the DNA-minor-groove-binding agent Hoechst 33342 has been synthesized and evaluated for DNA binding and tumor targeting. The bis-benzimidazole ring system of the title compound was constructed from the piperazinyl terminus via a Pinner-type cyclization followed by oxidative cyclization of the diamine Schiff base. To synthesize radioiodoHoechst 33342, (trimethylstannyl)Hoechst 33342 was prepared by the same strategy and subjected to mild radioiododestannylation in the presence of lactoperoxidase. After purification by HPLC, the radiochemical was separated in carrier-free form with > 85% radiochemical yield and > 99% chemical and radiochemical purity. Fluorescence spectrometric analysis of the binding of iodoHoechst 33342 to calf thymus DNA gave an equilibrium association constant (Ka) of 2.57 x 10(7) M-1 comparable to the Ka value of Hoechst 33342. Fluorescence microscopy of viable V79 cells demonstrated that the iodinated dye stained the nuclei with avidity similar to that of the noniodinated dye. The biodistribution of [125I]-iodoHoechst 33342 in LS174T tumor-bearing athymic mice 4 h postadministration showed a tumor uptake of 3-4% injected dose per gram (ID/g), tumor/blood ratio of 6-8, and tumor/ nontumor ratios above unity for most organs. A low thyroid uptake (approximately 2% ID/g) indicated that the radiochemical did not deiodinate and was stable in vivo.
ERPs evoked by different matrix sizes: implications for a brain computer interface (BCI) system (2003)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) system may allow a user to communicate by selecting one of many options. These options may be presented in a matrix. Larger matrices allow a larger vocabulary, but require more time for each selection. In this study, subjects were asked to perform a target detection task using matrices appropriate for a BCI. The study sought to explore the relationship between matrix size and EEG measures, target detection accuracy, and user preferences. Results indicated that larger matrices evoked a larger P300 amplitude, and that matrix size did not significantly affect performance or preferences.
Generation of sub-6-fs blue pulses by frequency doubling with quasi-phase-matching gratings (2001)

We demonstrate the generation of sub-6-fs pulses centered at 405 nm by frequency doubling of 8.6-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses. The frequency doubling is carried out in a nonlinearly chirped quasi-phase-matching grating fabricated in a lithium tantalate substrate. This device simultaneously provides frequency conversion and pulse compression of the positively prechirped fundamental pulses. The second-harmonic pulses are characterized in a cross-correlation setup, and their pulse shapes are retrieved by two iterative phase-reconstruction algorithms. The generated second-harmonic spectrum spans a bandwidth of 220 THz. To our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses ever generated in the blue spectral region.
Mod-seq: high-throughput sequencing for chemical probing of RNA structure (2014)

The functions of RNA molecules are intimately linked to their ability to fold into complex secondary and tertiary structures. Thus, understanding how these molecules fold is essential to determining how they function. Current methods for investigating RNA structure often use small molecules, enzymes, or ions that cleave or modify the RNA in a solvent-accessible manner. While these methods have been invaluable to understanding RNA structure, they can be fairly labor intensive and often focus on short regions of single RNAs. Here we present a new method (Mod-seq) and data analysis pipeline (Mod-seeker) for assaying the structure of RNAs by high-throughput sequencing. This technique can be utilized both in vivo and in vitro, with any small molecule that modifies RNA and consequently impedes reverse transcriptase. As proof-of-principle, we used dimethyl sulfate (DMS) to probe the in vivo structure of total cellular RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Mod-seq analysis simultaneously revealed secondary structural information for all four ribosomal RNAs and 32 additional noncoding RNAs. We further show that Mod-seq can be used to detect structural changes in 5.8S and 25S rRNAs in the absence of ribosomal protein L26, correctly identifying its binding site on the ribosome. While this method is applicable to RNAs of any length, its high-throughput nature makes Mod-seq ideal for studying long RNAs and complex RNA mixtures.
Yeast translational response to high salinity: Global analysis reveals regulation at multiple levels (2008)

Genome-wide studies of steady-state mRNA levels revealed common principles underlying transcriptional changes in response to external stimuli. To uncover principles that govern other stages of the gene-expression response, we analyzed the translational response and its coordination with transcriptome changes following exposure to severe stress. Yeast cells were grown for 1 h in medium containing 1 M NaCl, which elicits a maximal but transient translation inhibition, and nonpolysomal or polysomal mRNA pools were subjected to DNA-microarray analyses. We observed a strong repression in polysomal association for most mRNAs, with no simple correlation with the changes in transcript levels. This led to an apparent accumulation of many mRNAs as a nontranslating pool, presumably waiting for recovery from the stress. However, some mRNAs demonstrated a correlated change in their polysomal association and their transcript levels (i.e., potentiation). This group was enriched with targets of the transcription factors Msn2/Msn4, and the translational induction of several tested mRNAs was diminished in an Msn2/Msn4 deletion strain. Genome-wide analysis of a strain lacking the high salinity response kinase Hog1p revealed that the group of translationally affected genes is significantly enriched with motifs that were shown to be associated with the ARE-binding protein Pub1. Since a relatively small number of genes was affected by Hog1p deletion, additional signaling pathways are likely to be involved in coordinating the translational response to severe salinity stress.
Coal mining in the Bighorn coal basin of Wyoming (1975)

Coal mining in the Bighorn coal basin of Wyoming
Biofabrication to build the biology–device interface (2010)

The last century witnessed spectacular advances in both microelectronics and biotechnology yet there was little synergy between the two. A challenge to their integration is that biological and electronic systems are constructed using divergent fabrication paradigms. Biology fabricates bottom-up with labile components, while microelectronic devices are fabricated top-down using methods that are 'bio-incompatible'. Biofabrication--the use of biological materials and mechanisms for construction--offers the opportunity to span these fabrication paradigms by providing convergent approaches for building the bio-device interface. Integral to biofabrication are stimuli-responsive materials (e.g. film-forming polysaccharides) that allow directed assembly under near physiological conditions in response to device-imposed signals. Biomolecular engineering, through recombinant technology, allows biological components to be endowed with information for assembly (e.g. encoded in a protein's amino acid sequence). Finally, self-assembly and enzymatic assembly provide the mechanisms for construction over a hierarchy of length scales. Here, we review recent advances in the use of biofabrication to build the bio-device interface. We anticipate that the biofabrication toolbox will expand over the next decade as more researchers enlist the unique construction capabilities of biology. Further, we look forward to observing the application of this toolbox to create devices that can better diagnose disease, detect pathogens and discover drugs. Finally, we expect that biofabrication will enable the effective interfacing of biology with electronics to create implantable devices for personalized and regenerative medicine.
<title>Modeling an optical micromachine probe</title> (1997)

Silicon micromachines are fabricated using Surface Micro-Machining (SMM) techniques. Silicon micromachines include engines that consist of orthogonally oriented linear comb drive actuators mechanically connected to a rotating gear. These gears are as small as 50-μm in diameter and can be driven at rotation rates exceeding 300,000-rpm. Measuring and analyzing microengine performance is basic to micromachine development and system applications. Optical techniques offer the potential for measuring long term statistical performance data and transient responses needed to optimize designs and manufacturing techniques. We describe the modeling of an optical probe developed at Sandia National Laboratories. Experimental data will be compared with output from the model. Key words: Micromachines, optical probe, performance analysis, optical modeling
Photonic topological insulator with broken time-reversal symmetry (2016)

A topological insulator is a material with an insulating interior but time-reversal symmetry-protected conducting edge states. Since its prediction and discovery almost a decade ago, such a symmetry-protected topological phase has been explored beyond electronic systems in the realm of photonics. Electrons are spin-1/2 particles, whereas photons are spin-1 particles. The distinct spin difference between these two kinds of particles means that their corresponding symmetry is fundamentally different. It is well understood that an electronic topological insulator is protected by the electron's spin-1/2 (fermionic) time-reversal symmetry [Formula: see text] However, the same protection does not exist under normal circumstances for a photonic topological insulator, due to photon's spin-1 (bosonic) time-reversal symmetry [Formula: see text] In this work, we report a design of photonic topological insulator using the Tellegen magnetoelectric coupling as the photonic pseudospin orbit interaction for left and right circularly polarized helical spin states. The Tellegen magnetoelectric coupling breaks bosonic time-reversal symmetry but instead gives rise to a conserved artificial fermionic-like-pseudo time-reversal symmetry, Tp ([Formula: see text]), due to the electromagnetic duality. Surprisingly, we find that, in this system, the helical edge states are, in fact, protected by this fermionic-like pseudo time-reversal symmetry Tp rather than by the bosonic time-reversal symmetry Tb This remarkable finding is expected to pave a new path to understanding the symmetry protection mechanism for topological phases of other fundamental particles and to searching for novel implementations for topological insulators.