gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of CCK-tetrapeptide analogs as potent and selective CCK-A receptor agonists (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of CCK-tetrapeptide analogs as potent and selective CCK-A receptor agonistsKazumi Shiosaki, Chun Wel Lin, Hana Kopecka, Richard Craig, Frank L. Wagenaar, Bruce Bianchi, Thomas Miller, David Witte, and Alex M. NadzanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 11, 2950–2952Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00173a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00173a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultra-High Speed Solid-State FTIR Spectroscopy and Applications for Chemical Defense (2004)

We introduce a new class of FTIR spectrometers capable of acquiring 6x10(exp 4)-1.4x10(exp 5) interferograms (spectra) per second over the spectral range of 1 micrometers - 12 micrometers, with a resolution of 10 /cm (exp-1) or better. The new FTIR technology is based on the use of birefringence interferometers and employs photoelastic modulators (PEMs) as birefringent elements for ultra-high modulation speed. With characteristic data rates of tens of kHz and wide spectral range these spectrometers are eminently suitable for high-speed spectrally detailed chemical biological (CB) hyperspectral imaging.
Game Bot Detection Approach Based on Behavior Analysis and Consideration of Various Play Styles (2013)

An approach for game bot detection in massively multiplayer online role‐playing games (MMORPGs) based on the analysis of game playing behavior is proposed. Since MMORPGs are large‐scale games, users can play in various ways. This variety in playing behavior makes it hard to detect game bots based on play behaviors. To cope with this problem, the proposed approach observes game playing behaviors of users and groups them by their behavioral similarities. Then, it develops a local bot detection model for each player group. Since the locally optimized models can more accurately detect game bots within each player group, the combination of those models brings about overall improvement. Behavioral features are selected and developed to accurately detect game bots with the low resolution data, considering common aspects of MMORPG playing. Through the experiment with the real data from a game currently in service, it is shown that the proposed local model approach yields more accurate results.
Loss of actin cytoskeletal function and EDS1 activity, in combination, severely compromises non‐host resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i> against wheat powdery mildew (2003)

Plant immunity against the majority of the microbial pathogens is conveyed by a phenomenon known as non-host resistance (NHR). This defence mechanism affords durable protection to plant species against given species of phytopathogens. We investigated the genetic basis of NHR in Arabidopsis against the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Both primary and appressorial germ tubes were produced from individual Bgt conidia on the surface of the Arabidopsis leaves. Attempted infection occasionally resulted in successful penetration, which led to the development of an abnormal unilateral haustorium. Inoculation of a series of Arabidopsis defence-related mutants with Bgt resulted in the attenuation of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expression in eds1, pad4 and nahG plants, which are known to be defective in some aspects of host resistance. Furthermore, Bgt often developed bilateral haustoria in the mutant Arabidopsis lines that closely resembled those formed in wheat. A similar decrease in NHR was observed following treatment of the wild-type Arabidopsis plants with cytochalasin E, an inhibitor of actin microfilament polymerisation. In eds1 mutants, inhibition of actin polymerisation severely compromised NHR in Arabidopsis against Bgt. This permitted completion of the Bgt infection cycle on these plants. Therefore, actin cytoskeletal function and EDS1 activity, in combination, are major contributors to NHR in Arabidopsis against wheat powdery mildew.
Rethinking the Women's Studies Ph.D. in Canadian Universities (2001)

This paper considers the future of the Ph.D. in women’s studies in Canada. It argues that it is important to continue to develop and to offer the existing doctorate in women’s studies in Canada because it contributes in significant ways to the scholarly environment for students and faculty in universities. However, it cautions against developing and
Pathophysiological Significance of T-type Ca2+ Channels: T-type Ca2+ Channels and Drug Development (2005)

T-type Ca2+ channels are present in cardiovascular, neuronal, and endocrine systems; and they are now receiving attention as novel therapeutic targets. Many drugs and compounds non-specificaly block T-type Ca2+ channels. Certain dihydropyridine compounds, such as efonidipine, have blocking activity on both L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels which possibly underlies their excellent clinical profiles such as minimum reflex tachycardia and renal protection. Selective inhibitors of T-type Ca2+ channels, such as non-hydrolyzable mibefradil and R(−)-efonidipine, are powerful pharmacological tools for further studies and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Review of GaN-based devices for terahertz operation (2017)

GaN provides the highest electron saturation velocity, breakdown voltage, operation temperature, and thus the highest combined frequency-power performance among commonly used semiconductors. The industrial need for compact, economical, high-resolution, and high-power terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy systems are promoting the utilization of GaN for implementing the next generation of THz systems. As it is reviewed, the mentioned characteristics of GaN together with its capabilities of providing high two-dimensional election densities and large longitudinal optical phonon of ∼90 meV make it one of the most promising semiconductor materials for the future of the THz emitters, detectors, mixers, and frequency multiplicators. GaN-based devices have shown capabilities of operation in the upper THz frequency band of 5 to 12 THz with relatively high photon densities in room temperature. As a result, THz imaging and spectroscopy systems with high resolution and deep depth of penetration can be realized through utilizing GaN-based devices. A comprehensive review of the history and the state of the art of GaN-based electronic devices, including plasma heterostructure field-effect transistors, negative differential resistances, hetero-dimensional Schottky diodes, impact avalanche transit times, quantum-cascade lasers, high electron mobility transistors, Gunn diodes, and tera field-effect transistors together with their impact on the future of THz imaging and spectroscopy systems is provided.
Binding and retention of polycationic peptides and dendrimers in the vascular wall (2003)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues, vascular tissue in particular, contains a high concentration of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are involved in the regulation of cell motility, cell proliferation and the regulation of enzyme activities. Previously, we have shown that the vascular ECM is capable of binding an extremely high concentration of positively charged molecules, such as polylysine. Vascular ECM can be used therefore as a substrate for binding and retention of drugs delivered intravascularly, if these drugs are endowed with an ability to bind to the vascular ECM. In this study, we evaluated a number of positively charged molecules as potential affinity vehicles for delivery of drugs to the vascular ECM. We labelled the molecules of interest with fluorescence and compared them ex vivo in terms of binding and retention in the de-endothelialised rat carotid artery after intravascular delivery under pressure. High molecular weight polylysine (84 kDa) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers accumulated in the wall of the artery up to a concentration of 10 mg/ml and were not washed away significantly after 4 h of perfusion of the artery. A 24-mer peptide containing a consensus sequence for binding to GAGs (ARRRAARA)(3), 2.7 kDa, was comparable to high molecular weight polylysine and dendrimers in terms of binding and retention. A 14-mer GAG-binding peptide from vitronectin and low molecular weight polylysine, 3 kDa, accumulated in the vascular wall up to about 3 mg/ml and was washed away after 30 min of perfusion. A 10-mer consensus GAG-binding peptide did not bind significantly to the vascular tissue. We conclude that the consensus 24-mer GAG-binding peptide is by far superior to polylysine of a similar molecular weight in terms of binding to vascular tissue, and can provide high accumulation and long-term retention of a low molecular weight compound (fluorescein, as a model molecule) in the vascular wall. Rationally designed GAG-binding peptides can be useful as affinity vehicles for targeting drugs to the vascular ECM.
Modular reference framework architecture for Identity Management (2008)

Interoperable Identity Management systems are prerequisite for novel user-centric services, which strongly rely on user identity attributes and security services. Future Identity Management systems will enable dynamic and automatic exchange of user identity attributes between services from different key-business areas, e.g. Internet, healthcare, e-government, e-banking, entertainment, etc. Moreover, they will allow federating different user identities so that any of them will be sufficient to dynamically bootstrap trust relation between the user and any service. For this to happen, Identity Management systems need to include capabilities for dynamic and automatic ad-hoc interworking. This paper is a step towards this approach. It proposes a modular reference framework architecture for Identity Management systems and it introduces Identity Management Layers. The value of the proposed architecture is in its generic yet complete approach, in modularity and in layered structure which allows covering isolated, centralized, federated and personal authentication management schemes.
Purification of A1 adenosine receptor–G-protein complexes: effects of receptor down-regulation and phosphorylation on coupling (1999)

We examined the effects of exposing A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) to an agonist on the stability and phosphorylation state of receptor-guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (R-G-protein) complexes. Non-denatured recombinant human A1ARs extended on the N-terminus with hexahistidine (His6) and the FLAG (Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys) epitope (H/F) were purified to near homogeneity from stably transfected Chinese-hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. Purified receptors have pharmacological properties similar to receptors in membranes. G-proteins were co-purified with 15+/-2% of H/F-A1AR unless receptor-G-protein (R-G) complexes were uncoupled by pre-treating cell membranes with GTP. By silver staining, purified A1AR-G-protein complexes contain receptors, G-protein alpha and beta subunits and an unidentified 97 kDa protein. Pretreating intact cells with N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) for 24 h decreased both the total number of receptors measured in membranes and the number of purified A1ARs by about 50%. In contrast, pretreating cells with CPA decreased the number of R-G complexes measured in membranes (54+/-6%) significantly less than it decreased the number of purified R-G complexes (78+/-3%) as detected by 125I-N6-(4-aminobenzyl)adenosine binding or by Western blotting Gialpha2. The effect of CPA to decrease the fraction of receptors purified as R-G complexes was not associated with any change in low-level A1AR phosphorylation (found on serine), or low-level phosphorylation of G-protein alpha or beta subunits or the 97 kDa protein. These experiments reveal a novel aspect of agonist-induced down-regulation, namely a diminished stability of receptor-G-protein complexes that is manifested as uncoupling during receptor purification.
Energy metabolism in farm animals. Effects of housing, stress and disease. (1987)

Animal production systems have changed dramatically over the last two decades. Knowledge of energy metabolism and environmental physio logy has increased as appears from many textbooks on these disciplines. The contents of the symposia on energy metabolism of farm animals show this and they have initially focussed on feed evaluation and later on com parative aspects of energy metabolism. They show part of the progress being made. Application of knowledge of energy metabolism for animals has a long history since Lavoisier. In addition to this, studies about the environ mental requirements of animals have shown that we are still far from ac curate assessment of these requirements in terms of nutrients and ener gy. I n model studies on energy metabolism researchers have recognized the interaction between the environment and the energy requirements of animals. Estimation of energy requirements has been done in physiolo gical, physical and behavioural studies. The impact of conditions as en countered by animals in various production systems has been approached from different viewpoints related to these different disciplines. In addi tion, various kinds of infections (bacterial, parasitic: subclinical, clini cal) have been evaluated only recently with regard to their effect on pro tein and/or energy metabolism and thus on People working in the field of feed evaluation have defined how che mical and physical properties of nutrition infiuence energy to be derived for maintenance and production.
Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Activation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells by Deoxynucleic Acids from<i>Candida albicans</i> (2009)

The innate immune system of humans recognizes the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans via sugar polymers present in the cell wall, such as mannan and beta-glucan. Here, we examined whether nucleic acids from C. albicans activate dendritic cells. C. albicans DNA induced interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) production and CD40 expression by murine bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BM-DCs) in a dose-dependent manner. BM-DCs that lacked Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and dectin-1, which are pattern recognition receptors for fungal cell wall components, produced IL-12p40 at levels comparable to the levels produced by BM-DCs from wild-type mice, and DNA from a C. albicans pmr1Delta null mutant, which has a gross defect in mannosylation, retained the ability to activate BM-DCs. This stimulatory effect disappeared completely after DNase treatment. In contrast, RNase treatment increased production of the cytokine. A similar reduction in cytokine production was observed when BM-DCs from TLR9(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice were used. In a luciferase reporter assay, NF-kappaB activation was detected in TLR9-expressing HEK293T cells stimulated with C. albicans DNA. Confocal microscopic analysis showed similar localization of C. albicans DNA and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in BM-DCs. Treatment of C. albicans DNA with methylase did not affect its ability to induce IL-12p40 synthesis, whereas the same treatment completely eliminated the ability of CpG-ODN to induce IL-12p40 synthesis. Finally, impaired clearance of this fungal pathogen was not found in the kidneys of TLR9(-/-) mice. These results suggested that C. albicans DNA activated BM-DCs through a TLR9-mediated signaling pathway using a mechanism independent of the unmethylated CpG motif.
Detection of Web-Based Attacks through Markovian Protocol Parsing (2005)

This paper presents a novel approach based on the monitoring of incoming HTTP requests to detect attacks against Web servers. The detection is accomplished through a Markovian model whose states and transitions between them are determined from the specification of the HTTP protocol while the probabilities of the symbols associated to the Markovian source are obtained during a training stage according to a set of attack-free requests for the target server. The experiments carried out show a high detection capability with low false positive rates at reasonable computation requirements.
Abnormalities of serum monoamine oxidase in chronic liver disease. (1967)

Abstract Serum levels of monoamine oxidase were determined in 119 adults with acute and chronic liver disease. Elevated enzyme levels were found in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, and massive neoplastic replacement of the liver, but not during the acute phases of hepatitis or extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The increased enzyme activity could not be ascribed to hepatocellular necrosis or dysfunction. Positive correlations were found between increased enzyme activity and signs of portal hypertension and portal-systemic collateral circulation. Increased enzyme activity was most closely associated with hepatic fibrosis and sinusoidal hypertension.
Detachable balloon catheter (1978)

✓ Recent Russian reports have described the use of balloon occlusion in both the diagnosis and treatment of various pathological processes affecting intracranial vessels. This intraluminal approach has demonstrated successful results in vascular problems such as carotid-cavernous fistulae, arteriovenous malformations, and large inoperable aneurysms. Despite widespread interest in the neurosurgical community, the application of a similar technique in the Western hemisphere has been hindered by lack of an adequate, functional, inflatable apparatus. The authors describe their experience with the prototype of a safe, reliable, detachable balloon. Because of a unique development, the apparatus may be filled with liquid and detached from its parent catheter without subsequent leakage. In order to satisfy variable requirements, balloons are available in several sizes ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mm in diameter. When fully inflated these devices will hold from 1 to 3 cc of fluid. The authors' study involved 18 dogs with artificially created carotid-jugular fistulae that were visualized by angiography. Under fluoroscopic control, detachment of inflated balloons on the venous side of the defect not only successfully occluded the fistulae but also preserved the arterial vasculature. X-ray films taken several weeks later failed to show any change either in size or position of theinflated devices.
Propagation of Boundary Acoustic Waves Along a ZnO Layer Between Two Materials (1986)

Theoretical and experimental results on boundary acoustic waves propagated along a ZnO layer sandwiched between two materials are presented. The disprsion curve of the propagation velocity, the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient (K2) and the displacements were obtained theoretically as a function of the normalized thickness of the ZnO layer. The temperature coefficients of delay time (W) were also calculated and become zero at a particular thickness. Boundary acoustic waves can exist dy when the material constants of three materials satisfy the particular conditions obtained here. The existence regions are larger than those of the Stoneley waves we presented previously. Bpriments on Si02/ZnO/Si02 were also performed to verify theoretical prediction of the existence of boundary waves. A ZnO film and a thick Si02 layer were fabricated on a fused quartz substrate by sputtering technique. hen the boundary waves were excited and received by interdigital transducers and propagated along the ZnO layer. Propagation loss was practically the same value as for Rayleiqh waves, indicating proper mode. These results lead us to expect that future SAW devices can be made without any package. I. In- 'On Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used as components in electronic equipment. The propagation mode in most devices is the Rayleigh wave on a surface of a piezoelectric substrate or a thin piezoelectric film on a substrate. Therefore, the substrates must be put into a package for protection against surf ace disturbance and so on. Since the package is larger than the substrate itself, it is difficult to satisfy the requirement for a smaller device; there are also problems of cost or reliability. In order to develop SAW devices without a package, we proposed the use of Stoneley waves [ll as the propagation mode [2,3,41, which are propagated along an interface between a piezoelectric material and an isotropic material. It was found that the existence region of Stoneley waves is restricted and depends on the piezoelectric material. On the other hand, boundary acoustic waves (BAW) propgated in a three media structure can be
A New Type of Amidoxime-Group-Containing Adsorbent for the Recovery of Uranium from Seawater. III. Recycle Use of Adsorbent (1986)

Abstract An amidoxime-group-containing adsorbent for recovering uranium from seawater was made by radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto polymeric fiber, followed by amidoximation. Uranium adsorption of the adsorbent contacted with seawater in a column increased with the increase in flow rate, then leveled off. The relationship between uranium adsorption in a batch process and the ratio of the amount of seawater to that of adsorbent was found to be effective in evaluating adsorbent contacted with any amount of seawater. The conditioning of the adsorbent with an alkaline solution at higher temperature (80°C) after the acid desorption recovered the adsorption ability to the original level. This made it possible to apply the adsorbent to recycle use. On the other hand, the adsorbent conditioned at room temperature or that without conditioning lost adsorption ability during recycle use. The increase in water uptake was observed as one of the physical changes produced during recycle use of the alkaline-conditioned adsorbent, while the decrease in water uptake was observed with the unconditioned adsorbent. The IR spectra of the adsorbent showed a probability of reactions of amidoxime groups with acid and alkaline solutions, which can explain the change in uranium adsorption during the adsorption-desorption cycle.
Assessment of sexual function and related factors in mid-aged sexually active Spanish women with the six-item Female Sex Function Index (2012)

In this mid-aged Spanish sample, as assessed with a short and consistent tool, lower sexual function was related to menopausal and mood symptoms and several women and partner factors. Further research using this instrument is warranted.