gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dityrosine Formation in Calmodulin: Conditions for Intermolecular Crosslinking (1994)

The pattern and extent of photoactivated dityrosine formation in bovine brain calmodulin are strongly affected by the presence of superoxide dismutase during UV irradiation. The addition of the enzyme to Ca(2+)-containing solutions of calmodulin results in an altered distribution of the dityrosine-containing photoproducts, from a predominance of cross-linked monomer to a mixture of products with inter- and intramolecular cross-linking. When Ca2+ is absent, significant dityrosine formation occurs only in the presence of superoxide dismutase. Fractionation of the latter reaction mixture yields a dimer of calmodulin, corresponding to a single component in sedimentation equilibrium, a smaller amount of a more highly polymerized material, and virtually no cross-linked monomer--as was found in the absence of the enzyme [Malencik, D.A., & Anderson, S.R. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 695]. Although it is homogeneous in terms of molecular weight, the purified dimer contains three electrophoretic components. Chemical characterization demonstrates intermolecular cross-linking of Tyr-99 to Tyr-138 and probably of Tyr-99 to Tyr-99. On the average, 85-90% of the dimeric calmodulin molecules bind two molecules of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Catalytic activity determinations with this enzyme detect no difference between the dimer and the native protein. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements of Ca2+ binding give a Hill coefficient of < or = 0.73 and a free Ca2+ concentration of approximately 11 microM at 50% saturation. The average pKa of the dityrosine cross-link in the dimeric calmodulin is 8.5-8.6 (+/- Ca2+). Sedimentation velocity experiments show that the average Ca(2+)-liganded dimer has an elongated structure, with a relative frictional ratio approximately 30% greater than that of the native monomer. In terms of functional properties, the dimeric calmodulin preparation is more like the native protein than it is like the previously reported cross-linked monomer.
Structure–activity studies with high-affinity inhibitors of pyroglutamyl-peptidase II (2005)

Inhibitors of PPII (pyroglutamyl-peptidase II) (EC 3.4.19.6) have potential applications as investigative and therapeutic agents. The rational design of inhibitors is hindered, however, by the lack of an experimental structure for PPII. Previous studies have demonstrated that replacement of histidine in TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) with asparagine produces a competitive PPII inhibitor (Ki 17.5 microM). To gain further insight into which functional groups are significant for inhibitory activity, we investigated the effects on inhibition of structural modifications to Glp-Asn-ProNH2 (pyroglutamyl-asparaginyl-prolineamide). Synthesis and kinetic analysis of a diverse series of carboxamide and C-terminally extended Glp-Asn-ProNH2 analogues were undertaken. Extensive quantitative structure-activity relationships were generated, which indicated that key functionalities in the basic molecular structure of the inhibitors combine in a unique way to cause PPII inhibition. Data from kinetic and molecular modelling studies suggest that hydrogen bonding between the asparagine side chain and PPII may provide a basis for the inhibitory properties of the asparagine-containing peptides. Prolineamide appeared to be important for interaction with the S2' subsite, but some modifications were tolerated. Extension of Glp-Asn-ProNH2 with hydrophobic amino acids at the C-terminus led to a novel set of PPII inhibitors active in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. Such inhibitors were shown to enhance recovery of TRH released from rat brain slices. Glp-Asn-Pro-Tyr-Trp-Trp-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin displayed a Ki of 1 nM, making it the most potent competitive PPII inhibitor described to date. PPII inhibitors with this level of potency should find application in exploring the biological functions of TRH and PPII, and potentially provide a basis for development of novel therapeutics.
N-bridged heterocycles. Part 5. αω-Bis-(2-oxobenzimidazolinyl)alkanes and -ethers as selective ligands for group-1 and -2 metals (1982)

A series of the title compounds (10), (12), and (13) and several analogues were synthesised from the readily available 1-isopropenylbenzimidazolin-2-one. Various substituents were attached to the unsubstituted nitrogen atoms of the benzimidazolinone moieties and the series of products obtained were tested for their complexing ability with group-1 and -2 metal-salts. The isolation of crystalline complexes, the solubilisation of the salts in chloroform by the ligand, the i.r. carbonyl absorption shift, and the ion-transport ability of the ligand were examined as an index of complexation. Selective complexation, particularly for calcium, was noted in several cases.
Integration of Euclidean constraints in template based visual tracking of piecewise-planar scenes (2006)

This papers deals with the problem of tracking a piecewise-planar scene in a video sequence and, at the same time, with the problem of estimating accurately the 3D displacement of the camera for robotic applications. A new approach to the problem is proposed and two noticeable contributions are given. Firstly, the explicit dependency between the 2D image transformation parameters (a homography for each plane) and the 3D camera displacement parameters is computed. Secondly, a second-order optimization algorithm is proposed. The second-order optimization considerably increases the convergence domain and the convergence rate of standard first-order optimization algorithms while having an almost equivalent computational complexity
Dripcast -- Server-less Java Programming Framework for Billions of IoT Devices (2014)

We propose "Dripcast", a new server-less Java programming framework for billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The framework provides a simple and easy way to develop device applications working with a cloud, that is, scalable computing resources on the Internet. The framework consists of two key technologies, (1) transparent remote procedure call (2) mechanism to read, write and process Java object with scale-out style distributed data store. A great benefit of the framework is no need of writing server-side program nor database code. A very simple client-side program is enough to work with the framework, to read, write or process Java objects on a cloud. The mechanism is infinitely scalable since it works with scale-out technologies. In this paper, we describe the concept and the brief architecture of the Dripcast. We also introduce very simple example of a use case of the Dripcast.
Anisotropic optical response of optically opaque elastomers with conductive fillers as revealed by terahertz polarization spectroscopy (2016)

Elastomers are one of the most important materials in modern society because of the inherent viscoelastic properties due to their cross-linked polymer chains. Their vibration-absorbing and adhesive properties are especially useful and thus utilized in various applications, for example, tires in automobiles and bicycles, seismic dampers in buildings, and seals in a space shuttle. Thus, the nondestructive inspection of their internal states such as the internal deformation is essential in safety. Generally, industrial elastomers include various kinds of additives, such as carbon blacks for reinforcing them. The additives make most of them opaque in a wide spectral range from visible to mid-infrared, resulting in that the nondestructive inspection of the internal deformation is quite difficult. Here, we demonstrate transmission terahertz polarization spectroscopy as a powerful technique for investigating the internal optical anisotropy in optically opaque elastomers with conductive additives, which are transparent only in the terahertz frequency region. The internal deformation can be probed through the polarization changes inside the material due to the anisotropic dielectric response of the conductive additives. Our study about the polarization-dependent terahertz response of elastomers with conductive additives provides novel knowledge for in situ, nondestructive evaluation of their internal deformation.
Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: Randomized Comparison of Radio-frequency Thermal Ablation versus Percutaneous Ethanol Injection (2003)

RF ablation is superior to PEI with respect to local recurrence-free survival rates.
Subsurface communication between dipoles in general media (1977)

In his book, Dipole Radiation in the Presence of a Conducting Half-Space, Baños analyzes the problem of communicating between two points in the ocean by means of infinitesimal dipoles. His general formulas involve complex integrals which are reduced to simple approximate expressions in special cases that correspond to limited ranges of the numerous parameters. A numerical study of the general problem for antennas in seawater was made by Siegel and King and compared with Baños' special cases. In this paper the numerical approach is extended to other than conducting half-spaces. The three cylindrical components of the electric field of a horizontal electric dipole in seawater, lake water, and dry earth have been computed and intercompared as functions of the frequency and of the distance between the source and the receiver. The applicability of Baños' special formulas is examined. The results are discussed in their bearing on the design of directive systems for lateral-wave and direct transmission.
An essential dual-function complex mediates erythrocyte invasion and channel-mediated nutrient uptake in malaria parasites (2017)

Malaria parasites evade immune detection by growth and replication within erythrocytes. After erythrocyte invasion, the intracellular pathogen must increase host cell uptake of nutrients from plasma. Here, we report that the parasite-encoded RhopH complex contributes to both invasion and channel-mediated nutrient uptake. As rhoph2 and rhoph3 gene knockouts were not viable in the human P. falciparum pathogen, we used conditional knockdowns to determine that the encoded proteins are essential and to identify their stage-specific functions. We exclude presumed roles for RhopH2 and CLAG3 in erythrocyte invasion but implicate a RhopH3 contribution either through ligand-receptor interactions or subsequent parasite internalization. These proteins then traffic via an export translocon to the host membrane, where they form a nutrient channel. Knockdown of either RhopH2 or RhopH3 disrupts the entire complex, interfering with organellar targeting and subsequent trafficking. Therapies targeting this complex should attack the pathogen at two critical points in its cycle.
Ultrafine gold particles immobilized by coprecipitation with metal oxides - Their fine structures and applications to combustion catalysts and gas sensors. (1987)

Gold particles smaller than 10nm in diameter, immobilized with α-Fe2O3, Co3O4, or NiO, were prepared by calcining in air at 400°C. The coprecipitates were obtained from an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 and the nitrate of Fe, Co, or Ni. The ultrafine gold particles were hemispherical in shape and were strongly held by the host oxides. In most cases, hemispherical gold crystallites were deposited directing their flat (111) plane toward α-Fe2O3 (110), Co3O4 (111), and NiO (111). The gold particles with a mean diameter of 4.1nm immobilized on α-Fe2O3 were more electron deficient than evaporated gold particles of the same size, and much more than the bulk metal. The ultrafine gold particles thus immobilized with 3d transition metal oxides were extremely active for the oxidation of CO at temperatures below 0°C and appreciably selective for CO sensing.
25th Anniversary Article: Understanding the Lithiation of Silicon and Other Alloying Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2013)

Alloying anodes such as silicon are promising electrode materials for next-generation high energy density lithium-ion batteries because of their ability to reversibly incorporate a high concentration of Li atoms. However, alloying anodes usually exhibit a short cycle life due to the extreme volumetric and structural changes that occur during lithium insertion/extraction; these transformations cause mechanical fracture and exacerbate side reactions. To solve these problems, there has recently been significant attention devoted to creating silicon nanostructures that can accommodate the lithiation-induced strain and thus exhibit high Coulombic efficiency and long cycle life. In parallel, many experiments and simulations have been conducted in an effort to understand the details of volumetric expansion, fracture, mechanical stress evolution, and structural changes in silicon nanostructures. The fundamental materials knowledge gained from these studies has provided guidance for designing optimized Si electrode structures and has also shed light on the factors that control large-volume change solid-state reactions. In this paper, we review various fundamental studies that have been conducted to understand structural and volumetric changes, stress evolution, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of nanostructured Si anodes for lithium-ion batteries and compare the reaction process of Si to other novel anode materials.
Comparative effects of nefazodone and fluoxetine on sleep in outpatients with major depressive disorder (1998)

Nefazodone and fluoxetine were equally effective antidepressants. Nefazodone was associated with normal objective, and clinician- and patient-rated assessments of sleep when compared with fluoxetine. These differential sleep EEG effects are consistent with the notion that nefazodone and fluoxetine may have somewhat different modes and spectra of action.
Independent One-Time Passwords. (1995)

Existing one-time password (OTP) schemes su er several drawbacks. Token-based systems are expensive, while software-based schemes rely on one-time passwords that are dependent oneachother. There are disadvantages to authentication schemes that rely on dependent OTP&apos;s. It is di cult to replicate the authentication server without lowering security. Also, current authentication schemes based on dependent OTP&apos;s only authenticate the initial connection � the remainder of the session is assumed to be authenticated. Experience shows that connections can be hijacked. A new scheme for generating one-time passwords that are independent is presented. The independence property enables easy replication of the authentication server, and authentication that is persistent for the lifetime of a connection. This mechanism is also ideally suited for smart card applications. Our implementation and several applications are discussed. 1
Sustainable energy storage for solar home systems in rural Sub-Saharan Africa – A comparative examination of lifecycle aspects of battery technologies for circular economy, with emphasis on the South African context (2018)

Photovoltaics (PV) are increasingly important for electrification in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, but what is the best battery technology to use? To explore this question, a small-scale domestic PV system for South Africa (20-year lifetime) to deliver 1.42 kWh electricity from batteries overnight with 10-h discharge was costed with various Li-ion, Pb-acid and Aquion aqueous hybrid ion batteries (AHIBs). Environmental impact; compatibility with circular economy; potential for cost-reduction through lifetime extension; and valorisation of batteries at end-of-life is discussed. Batteries are 81–93% of system costs, and battery production required over the system lifetime would emit 743, 674 and 6060 kg CO2-eq (Pb-acid, Li-ion and AHIBs respectively). Hazardous materials in Li-ion and Pb-acid batteries pose risks at end-of-life. Li-ion and AHIBs face potential resource supply constraints due to use of Co, Li and graphite. Closed-loop recycling and refurbishment of Pb-acid batteries is well established in South Africa. Currently, no African facilities for Li-ion or AHIB recycling exist, with little opportunity to retain material value from these batteries within the region. Despite lower efficiencies and shorter lifetimes, Pb-acid batteries, which are readily available from domestic manufacturing at low cost, are the current best choice for sustainable small-scale domestic PV systems in South Africa.
Which Time-to-Peak Threshold Best Identifies Penumbral Flow? (2004)

This first comparison of quantitative PET-CBF with TTP maps in acute ischemic human stroke indicates that the TTP threshold is crucial to reliably identify the tissue at risk; TTP >4 seconds best identifies penumbral flow; and TTP maps overestimate the extent of true hemodynamic compromise depending on the size of ischemia. Only if methodological restrictions are kept in mind, relative TTP maps are suitable to estimate the mismatch volume.
Defining the Properties of the Nonhelical Tail Domain in Type II Keratin 5: Insight from a Bullous Disease-causing Mutation (2005)

Inherited mutations in the intermediate filament (IF) proteins keratin 5 (K5) or keratin 14 (K14) cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), in which basal layer keratinocytes rupture upon trauma to the epidermis. Most mutations are missense alleles affecting amino acids located in the central alpha-helical rod domain of K5 and K14. Here, we study the properties of an unusual EBS-causing mutation in which a nucleotide deletion (1649delG) alters the last 41 amino acids and adds 35 residues to the C terminus of K5. Relative to wild type, filaments coassembled in vitro from purified K5-1649delG and K14 proteins are shorter and exhibit weak viscoelastic properties when placed under strain. Loss of the C-terminal 41 residues contributes to these alterations. When transfected in cultured epithelial cells, K5-1649delG incorporates into preexisting keratin IFs and also forms multiple small aggregates that often colocalize with hsp70 in the cytoplasm. Aggregation is purely a function of the K5-1649delG tail domain; in contrast, the cloned 109 residue-long tail domain from wild type K5 is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and colocalizes partly with keratin IFs. These data provide a mechanistic basis for the cell fragility seen in individuals bearing the K5-1649delG allele, and point to the role of the C-terminal 41 residues in determining K5's assembly properties.
Image Processing Technology. Stochastic Model-based Parameter Estimation and Restoration of Non-uniformly Blurred Images. (2001)

A method is described for estimating the parameters of non-uniformly blurred images and restoring them. An original image is represented by a noncausal stochastic image model, which is driven by white noise. The blur process is modeled using a space-variant linear system. The parameters of the blurred image are estimated by maximizing a function that is the product of the local loglikelihood function of every pixel. A restoring filter on sliding window is applied to every pixel. Testing of the proposed method on simulated images and an actual non-uniformly blurred image showed that it can estimate the radius of out-of-focus blur and restore blurred images.
A Remarkably High-Speed Solution-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of 2-Substituted-Amino-4-Aryl Thiazoles in Polar Solvents in the Absence of a Catalyst under Ambient Conditions and Study of Their Antimicrobial Activities (2011)

Remarkably high-speed synthesis of 2-substituted amino-4-aryl thiazoles in polar solvents with a minimum threshold polarity index of 4.8 was found to proceed to completion in just 30–40 sec. affording excellent yields of thiazoles under ambient temperature conditions without the use of any additional catalyst. The purification-free procedure afforded libraries based around a known pharmacophore, namely, substituted arylthiazoles and generated samples of high purity. In terms of combinatorial synthesis in a single solution phase, our protocol is significantly better than those hitherto reported and is amenable for HTS. The in vitro biological tests of some thiazoles showed good activity towards gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi comparable with the standard drugs, nitrofurantoin and griseofulvin, for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively.
WebNLG Challenge: Human Evaluation Results (2018)

This report presents the human evaluation results for the WebNLG Challenge which was held in 2017. The automatic evaluation results can be foundin [Gardent et al., 2017a]. In this report, we describe human evaluation design, communicate the results, and explore correlation between automaticand human assessments.
Transferrin receptor number, synthesis, and endocytosis during erythropoietin-induced maturation of Friend virus-infected erythroid cells. (1986)

Erythropoietin (EP) responsive Friend virus-infected erythroid cells had 200,000 steady-state binding sites for transferrin at 37 degrees C when isolated from the spleens of Friend virus-infected mice. Upon culture of these cells with EP, the synthesis of transferrin receptors increased 4- to 7-fold and the number of transferrin-binding sites per cell doubled after 24 h. However, the rate of uptake of 59Fe from transferrin remained constant at approximately 35,000 atoms of 59Fe per minute per cell during this period in culture. The amount of 125I-transferrin internalized during the steady-state binding did not change during this culture period while the transferrin bound to the surface increased 3-fold. At all stages of erythroid maturation, the maximum rate of endocytosis was determined to be 18,000 molecules of transferrin per minute per cell, and the interval that 125I-transferrin remains in the interior of the cell was calculated to be 6.9 min. After 48 h of culture with EP, the number of steady-state transferrin-binding sites was reduced in part due to the sequestration of surface receptors within the cell. The uptake of iron from transferrin was limited by the level of endocytosis of transferrin during the initial phase of culture and the number of transferrin receptors at the cell surface during the latter stages of erythroid maturation of these cells.