gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An electron microscopic study of intimal cushions in intracranial arteries of the cat (1972)

Abstract Subendothelial protuberances associated with the tunica intima have been described by light microscopy at branching sites of arteries in various animal species. These structures are termed intimal cushions or intimal pads. Some investigators regard them as being pathologic, preceding the appearance of atherosclerosis in the vessel wall. This fine structural study was done because of the possible role of intimal cushions in the regulation of cerebral blood flow at branching sites of intracranial arteries. The internal elastic lamina is split at the margins of a cushion to enclose irregularly arranged bundles of smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibrils. These smooth muscle cells are generally arranged at a right angle to smooth muscle cells in the underlying media. The outermost layer of the internal elastic lamina forms a boundary between the body of the cushion and the media; however, areas of discontinuity cause this border to be poorly defined in some instances. Perivascular autonomic nerves do not extend into either media or intimal cushions. Intercellular contacts between smooth muscle cells are observed within cushions as well as in the media, suggesting that cushions may be contractile and capable of modifying cerebral blood flow.
Reduction of 2-amino-3- and -5-nitropyridine derivatives with hydrazine hydrate (2009)

The reactions of 2-amino-3-nitropyridine and 2-amino-5-nitropyridine with hydrazine hydrate resulted in elimination of the amino group and reduction of the nitro group with formation of 3-aminopyridine. A probable reaction mechanism involves addition of hydrazine hydrate at the N-C2 bond, followed by elimination of ammonia and reduction of the nitro group to amino. 2-Amino-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine and 2-amino-5-methyl-3-nitropyridine reacted with hydrazine hydrate in a similar way.
Efficient Si solar cells by laser photochemical doping (1981)

An ArF excimer laser has been used to form p-n junctions in Si. The laser produces dopant molecules by gas-phase photolysis of an organometallic molecule and simultaneously heats the substrate to allow incorporation of the dopant. Solar cells having conversion efficiencies of 9.6% at AM1 without the use of antireflection coatings have been fabricated from these junctions.
Anti‐inflammatory actions of acupuncture (2003)

Acupuncture has a beneficial effect when treating many diseases and painful conditions, and therefore is thought to be useful as a complementary therapy or to replace generally accepted pharmacological intervention. The attributive effect of acupuncture has been investigated in inflammatory diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, epicondylitis, complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and vasculitis. Large randomised trials demonstrating the immediate and sustained effect of acupuncture are missing. Mechanisms underlying the ascribed immunosuppressive actions of acupuncture are reviewed in this communication. The acupuncture-controlled release of neuropeptides from nerve endings and subsequent vasodilative and anti-inflammatory effects through calcitonine gene-related peptide is hypothesised. The complex interactions with substance P, the analgesic contribution of beta-endorphin and the balance between cell-specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 are discussed.
Shock wave driven liquid microjets for drug delivery (2009)

A nonintrusive, minimally invasive, needle-less technique to deliver liquids into soft targets is presented. The technique uses a laser-induced shock wave to drive a liquid microjet at a very high speed such that the jet has sufficient momentum to penetrate soft targets. The method can be used to deliver liquid drugs into soft tissues in the human body. The liquid to be delivered is sandwiched between 200 μm thick aluminum foil and a base plate with a perforation of 100 μm diameter. The aluminum foil is ablated using an Nd:YAG laser beam in order to launch a shock wave through it. The shock wave from the foil is transmitted to the sandwiched liquid, which becomes pressurized by the shock propagation and emanates as a microjet through the perforation in the base plate. The microjet thus generated has a steady, average speed of over 200 m/s. The technique has been tested on gelatin models (5% gelatin), in which the jet penetrated to a depth of more than a millimeter.
An adaptive QAM linearizer using data postdistortion (2003)

An adaptive Volterra linearizer for reducing channel nonlinearities in QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) data transmission systems is described, and its performance is evaluated. The linearizer is implemented as a modern receiver digital circuit which employs two read-only memories that are programmed to cancel either third- or fifth-order nonlinearities. The memory outputs are scaled by adaptive coefficients which minimize the channel nonlinearity. The linearizer has been shown to be effective for input nonlinear bit error rates up to 10/sup -3/. At input error rates up to 10/sup -6/, the linearizer reduces the nonlinear error rate by five orders of magnitude in a 64-QAM digital radio system, and the linearized system has a selective fading performance approximately equal to that of a linear system. The circuit is entirely digital and can be manufactured with automated processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of a novel poly(vinylsulfonic acid)-grafted solid phase acid catalyst and its use in esterification reactions (2009)

A high-density sulfonic acid polymer, grafted onto a carrier surface, was synthesized from the acid form of vinylsulfonic acid monomer, and its catalytic activity as a new class of heterogeneous acid catalyst demonstrated in esterification reactions.
User authentication through keystroke dynamics (2002)

Unlike other access control systems based on biometric features, keystroke analysis has not led to techniques providing an acceptable level of accuracy. The reason is probably the intrinsic variability of typing dynamics, versus other---very stable---biometric characteristics, such as face or fingerprint patterns. In this paper we present an original measure for keystroke dynamics that limits the instability of this biometric feature. We have tested our approach on 154 individuals, achieving a False Alarm Rate of about 4% and an Impostor Pass Rate of less than 0.01%. This performance is reached using the same sampling text for all the individuals, allowing typing errors, without any specific tailoring of the authentication system with respect to the available set of typing samples and users, and collecting the samples over a 28.8-Kbaud remote modem connection.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF VEGETATIVE IMPACTS FROM FLUCTUATING FLOOD POOLS<sup>1</sup> (1979)

ABSTRACT: A flood control reservoir protects valuable developments on the downstream flood plain by storing flood waters and releasing them at a rate that will reduce the downstream damage. The water surface level of the flood pool behind the dam can fluctuate considerably during the occurrence of a large magnitude flood causing severe impacts on shoreline vegetation and water based recreation facilities located in the flood pool. A mathematical simulation model describing shoreline vegetative succession in response to flooding is presented. Plant species are grouped into ecologically similar compartments. Differential equations describing compartment intrinsic growth, intraspecies competition, interspecies competition, and other growth limiting factors are solved numerically. The model is used to evaluate the impacts of various operating policies on plant succession for a new reservoir in Central Iowa.
Phase imaging in reflection with the acoustic microscope (1977)

When a polished surface of a single crystal is examined with a converging acoustic beam the reflected signal has a characteristic response that is dependent upon the elastic properties of the reflecting surface. This property can be used in the acoustic microscope to monitor the thickness of layers deposited on these surfaces and the small-scale variations of the elastic parameters in these materials.
<title>Applying statistical process control to the adaptive rate control problem</title> (1997)

Due to the heterogeneity and shared resource nature of today's computer network environments, the end-to-end delivery of multimedia requires adaptive mechanisms to be effective. We present a framework for the adaptive streaming of heterogeneous media. We introduce the application of online statistical process control (SPC) to the problem of dynamic rate control. In SPC, the goal is to establish (and preserve) a state of statistical quality control (i.e., controlled variability around a target mean) over a process. We consider the end-to-end streaming of multimedia content over the internet as the process to be controlled. First, at each client, we measure process performance and apply statistical quality control (SQC) with respect to application-level requirements. Then, we guide an adaptive rate control (ARC) problem at the server based on the statistical significance of trends and departures on these measurements. We show this scheme facilitates handling of heterogeneous media. Last, because SPC is designed to monitor long-term process performance, we show that our online SPC scheme could be used to adapt to various degrees of long-term (network) variability (i.e., statistically significant process shifts as opposed to short-term random fluctuations). We develop several examples and analyze its statistical behavior and guarantees.
An 18 megapixel 4.3″ 1443 ppi 120 Hz OLED display for wide field of view high acuity head mounted displays (2018)

Abstract We developed and fabricated the world's highest resolution (18 megapixel, 1443 ppi) OLED on glass display panel. The design uses a white OLED with color filter structure for high density pixelization and an n‐type LTPS backplane for faster response time than mobile phone displays. A custom high bandwidth driver IC was fabricated. We developed a foveated pixel pipeline appropriate for virtual reality and augmented reality applications, especially mobile systems.
Automated Detection of Chemical Vapors by Pattern Recognition Analysis of Passive Multispectral Infrared Remote Sensing Imaging Data (2002)

Pattern recognition methods are developed for the automated interpretation of passive multispectral imaging data collected from an airborne platform. Through the use of an infrared line scanner equipped with 14 spectral bandpass filters, passive infrared images are collected of an ammonia plant within a nitrogen fertilizer facility. Piecewise linear discriminant analysis is used to implement an automated algorithm for the detection of scene pixels that correspond to chemical vapor signatures. A separate classifier is used to detect the presence of hot carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) within the images. In the assembly of training and prediction data for the development of both classifiers, the K-means clustering algorithm is used together with knowledge of the site to assign pixels to the plume/nonplume and CO 2 /non-CO 2 categories. The effects of temperature variation within the imaged scene are removed from the data through the use of an algorithm for separating the contributions of temperature and emissivity to the Planck equation. Averaged across four data runs containing a total of 3.5 million pixels, the resulting discriminants are observed to detect approximately 91% of the plume pixels while achieving a false detection rate of less than 0.01%. The corresponding performance criteria for the CO 2 classifier are a successful detection of approximately 94% of the pixels with a CO 2 signature and a false detection rate of less than 0.7%. The robustness of the CO 2 classifier is further enhanced through the adoption of a probability-based classification rule.
Patients with IgA nephropathy exhibit high systemic PDGF-DD levels (2009)

Serum PDGF-DD levels were specifically elevated in patients with IgAN, in particular in those with early disease, i.e. preserved renal function. Our data support the rationale for anti-PDGF-DD therapy in mesangioproliferative GN.
An On-Demand Queue Management Architecture for a Programmable Traffic Manager (2011)

A queue manager (QM) is a core traffic management (TM) function used to provide per-flow queuing in access and metro networks; however current designs have limited scalability. An on-demand QM (OD-QM) which is part of a new modular field-programmable gate-array (FPGA)-based TM is presented that dynamically maps active flows to the available physical resources; its scalability is derived from exploiting the observation that there are only a few hundred active flows in a high speed network. Simulations with real traffic show that it is a scalable, cost-effective approach that enhances per-flow queuing performance, thereby allowing per-flow QM without the need for extra external memory at speeds up to 10 Gbps. It utilizes 2.3%-16.3% of a Xilinx XC5VSX50t FPGA and works at 111 MHz.
Effect of Federal Incumbent Activity on CBRS Commercial Service (2019)

Federal Communications Commission rules for the 3.5 GHz citizens broadband radio service (CBRS) permit commercial systems to share 150 MHz of bandwidth with federal and other incumbents. To protect the federal incumbents, a spectrum coordinator - the spectrum access system (SAS) - uses a standardized algorithm to suspend some commercial transmissions when a nearby incumbent (e.g., a shipborne radar) becomes active. Using propagation models based on those employed by the SAS for interference management, this paper quantifies the impact of federal incumbent activity on commercial service, in terms of both the numbers of transmissions affected and their service area. These metrics are also used to examine the tradeoff between commercial coverage and immunity to incumbent activity as a function of commercial base station antenna height. We find that, in some cases, the reduction in coverage from lowering antenna heights is more than offset by the gain in immunity to incumbent activity.
Hedgehog signaling is essential for endothelial tube formation during vasculogenesis (2004)

During embryonic development, the first blood vessels are formed through the aggregation and subsequent assembly of angioblasts (endothelial precursors) into a network of endothelial tubes, a process known as vasculogenesis. These first vessels generally form in mesoderm that is adjacent to endodermal tissue. Although specification of the angioblast lineage is independent of endoderm interactions, a signal from the endoderm is necessary for angioblasts to assemble into a vascular network and to undergo vascular tube formation. In this study, we show that endodermally derived sonic hedgehog is both necessary and sufficient for vascular tube formation in avian embryos. We also show that Hedgehog signaling is required for vascular tube formation in mouse embryos, and for vascular cord formation in cultured mouse endothelial cells. These results demonstrate a previously uncharacterized role for Hedgehog signaling in vascular development, and identify Hedgehog signaling as an important component of the molecular pathway leading to vascular tube formation.
Variable bandwidth and tunable centre frequencyfilterusing transversal-form programmable optical filter (1996)

The authors report the realisation of an integrated-optic variable bandwidth and tunable centre frequency filter using a transversal-form programmable optical filter with 32 taps. The bandwidth is varied from 44 to 84 GHz with a fixed centre frequency. Also, the centre frequency is tuned over 105 GHz with a fixed bandwidth.
Three-Dimensional Scaffolds to Evaluate Tumor Associated Fibroblast-Mediated Suppression of Breast Tumor Specific T Cells (2013)

In the tumor microenvironment, the signals from tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF) that suppress antitumor immunity remain unclear. Here, we develop and investigate an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) scaffold model for the novel evaluation of TAF interaction with breast tumor cells and breast specific, neu antigen (p98) reactive T cells. Breast cancer cells seeded on 3D chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds showed productive growth and formed distinct tumor spheroids. Antigen specific p98 T cells, but not naïve T cells, bound significantly better to tumor cells on scaffolds. The p98 T cells induced potent tumor cell killing but T helper cell cytokine function was impaired in the presence of TAF coseeding on scaffolds. We found that the immunosuppression was mediated, in part, by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Therefore, TAF appear capable of inducing potent T cell suppression. CA scaffolds can provide clinically relevant findings prior to preclinical testing of novel immunotherapies.
Long term intravenous prostaglandin (epoprostenol or iloprost) for treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension (1998)

Continuous intravenous prostaglandins were more effective than anticoagulants, with or without calcium channel blockers, in prolonging survival in patients with right heart failure. In these patients a capacity to vasodilate did not predict outcome from medical treatment.
The possible relationship between hepatomegaly and release of HGF into plasma induced by clofibrate in rats (1999)

INTRODUCTIONHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a newly discovered multifunctional growth factor, and the most potent mitogen known for hepatocyte[1]. It has been shown that recombinant human HGF can protect animal liver against the damaging action of carbon tetrachloride[2]. However, the generation of HGF is also associated with certain liver diseases and several extra-hepatic diseases[3-5]. For example, after partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride poisoning, HGF level in rat plasma increases markedly[3,4]. Therefore, it is believed that HGF plays an important role in the restoration and regeneration of liver after injury.
Imipramine in Patients with Chest Pain Despite Normal Coronary Angiograms (1994)

Imipramine improved the symptoms of patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms, possibly through a visceral analgesic effect.
Adaptive Digital Filters (2001)

This text emphasizes the intricate relationship between adaptive filtering and signal analysis - highlighting stochastic processes, signal representations and properties, analytical tools, and implementation methods. This second edition includes new chapters on adaptive techniques in communications and rotation-based algorithms. It provides practical applications in information, estimation, and circuit theories.
The antitumor activity of thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone in vitro and in vivo. (2006)

The results indicate that THQ antitumor activity may be improved with further dose increase of the investigated substance.
Detection of intracellular HIV in lymphocytes by flow cytometry (1994)

Various permeabilization procedures and defined gating techniques were tested in order to optimize existing flow cytometric assays and devise a specific assay for the direct detection of intracellular HIV-1 antigens in clinical blood specimens. In our optimal procedure, blood lysed with Orthomune Lysing Reagent was fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature and then permeabilized with 0.2% Tween 20 for 15 min at room temperature. Cells from whole blood were labeled with either FITC-anti-p18 or FITC-anti-p24 monoclonal antibodies and PE-anti-Leu M9 (CD33) in order to exclude monocytes and granulocytes from the lymphocyte gate. The assay demonstrated that mean percentages of HIV p24 antigen positive cells were increased in patients with advanced disease. The assay in its present form is useful for monitoring disease progression and for monitoring the effects of antiviral therapy in individuals, but it is not currently sensitive enough to detect consistently the low levels of HIV infected peripheral blood cells in asymptomatic individuals.
A simple purification of procyclic acidic repetitive protein and demonstration of a sialylated glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor (1993)

The procyclic acidic repetitive protein is the major cell-surface glycoprotein of the insect-dwelling procyclic forms of the Trypanosoma brucei species of African trypanosomes. The glycoprotein contains an acidic Glu-Pro repeat domain, a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor and a putative asparagine glycosylation site. In this paper we describe a rapid purification scheme for this glycoprotein, using solvent extraction and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and a partial characterization of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor. The carbohydrate composition of the anchor is extremely unusual; it contains on average nine GlcNAc, nine Gal, and five sialic acid residues. This is the first description of such a heavily substituted and negatively charged anchor. A comparison between the trypanosome procyclic surface and the Leishmania promastigote surface is also presented.
Infrared Quantitative Analysis Data. CS-128. Analysis of Mixtures of <i>N</i>-Ethyl-m-toluidine and <i>N</i>-Ehtyl-<i>N</i>-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-m-toluidine (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Quantitative Analysis Data. CS-128. Analysis of Mixtures of N-Ethyl-m-toluidine and N-Ehtyl-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-m-toluidineK B. Whetsel, W E. Roberson, and M W. KrellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 6, 730Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online16 April 2003Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60162a603https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60162a603research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep vision networks for real-time robotic grasp detection (2016)

Grasping has always been a great challenge for robots due to its lack of the ability to well understand the perceived sensing data. In this work, we propose an end-to-end deep vision network model to predict possible good grasps from real-world images in real time. In order to accelerate the speed of the grasp detection, reference rectangles are designed to suggest potential grasp locations and then refined to indicate robotic grasps in the image. With the proposed model, the graspable scores for each location in the image and the corresponding predicted grasp rectangles can be obtained in real time at a rate of 80 frames per second on a graphic processing unit. The model is evaluated on a real robot-collected data set and different reference rectangle settings are compared to yield the best detection performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can assist the robot to learn the graspable part of the object from the image in a fast manner.