gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry During Arterial Oxyhemoglobin Desaturation in Dogs (1988)

An animal model was developed to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximetry over a wide range of oxyhemoglobin desaturation. The fractional inspired oxygen concentration was varied from 0.03-1.0 in five anesthetized dogs. One hundred and twelve simultaneous pulse oximeter oxygen saturation measurements (SpO2) and IL 282 CO-Oximeter arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) measurements were made. Variance of SpO2 was increased for SaO2 less than 22%. Linear regression analysis of the data for SaO2 greater than 22% produced the equation y = 0.93x + 9.8 (r2 = 0.97). The mean difference between SpO2 and SaO2 was +5.5% +/- 4.2% (SD) over the range of 22-100%. Spectral analyses of oxygenated (O2Hb) and reduced (RHb) canine and human hemoglobins were performed. The absorption spectra of canine O2Hb and RHb were nearly identical to those of human O2Hb and RHb. Therefore, 1) SpO2 measurements in dogs at SaO2 greater than 22% are relatively accurate, and 2) hemoglobin absorption characteristics support the contention that such canine pulse oximeter studies can be extrapolated to humans.
Grain boundary sliding and migration: Effect of temperature and vacancies (2001)

Monte Carlo simulations combined with the embedded-atom method potential have been employed to investigate the microscopic process of the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}5$ tilt grain boundary sliding in aluminum. We have studied the atomic structures and the grain boundary sliding/migration energy profile at elevated temperatures in the absence or presence of vacancies. The annealing temperature is found to play an important role in determining the grain boundary energetics and mobility. Contrary to ``static'' simulations, the simulated annealing (SA) produces new lower energy states of the complex and low-symmetry grain boundary structure. The vacancy formation energy at the first layer from the interface is found to be significantly lower than that at the other layers and the bulk. On the other hand, the vacancy at the interface has a significantly higher formation energy compared to bulk, in very good agreement with recent ab initio electronic-structure calculations. For both ``static'' and SA simulations, the grain boundary sliding energy profile is smooth, exhibiting several energy peaks and valleys, where the latter are associated with grain boundary migration. The SA scheme reduces the grain boundary sliding/migration energy barrier by about a factor of 3 and increases the rate of migrations. The distribution of atomic energies helps identify the atoms that play a key role in the grain boundary sliding and migration. The grain boundary sliding energy profile in the presence of a vacancy placed at the first layer is very similar to that of the clean boundary, while the vacancy at the interface increases the grain boundary energy and leads to no migration.
MIMO Antenna Using Hybrid Electric and Magnetic Coupling for Isolation Enhancement (2017)

This paper presents a multiple-input and multiple-output antenna using a wideband decoupling structure for enhancing isolation. The decoupling structure is formed by a split ring, which consists of an inductive line and a capacitive gap to realize magnetic and electric coupling, respectively. By introducing the electric coupling in addition to the magnetic coupling, more degrees of freedom are obtained and the original coupling between antennas can be canceled out within a wide frequency band. Meanwhile, the performance of each antenna element is maintained, such as impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification are carried out. When the decoupling structure is placed between these two monopole antennas with edge-to-edge space of only 5 mm (0.04 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at 2.5 GHz), more than 20 dB isolation is realized over the bandwidth of 2.3-2.9 GHz (24%) with S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> less than -10 dB. Moreover, the isolation levels reach more than 30 dB over the frequency band of 2.3-2.8 GHz. Compared with the previous related works using decoupling networks and neutralization line techniques, the proposed decoupling structure can provide higher isolation of over 30 dB in a wider bandwidth.
CONVERSION POINTS AND TRAVELTIMES OF CONVERTED WAVES IN PARALLEL DIPPING LAYERS<sup>1</sup> (1991)

A bstract For converted waves, stacking as well as AVO analysis requires a true common reflection point gather which, in this case, is also a common conversion point (CCP) gather. The coordinates of the conversion points for PS or SP waves, in a single homogeneous layer can be calculated exactly as a function of the offset, the reflector depth and the ratio v p /v s . An approximation of the conversion point on a dipping interface as well as for a stack of parallel dipping layers is given. Numerical tests show that the approximation can be used for offsets smaller than the depth of the reflector under consideration. The traveltime of converted waves in horizontal layers can be expanded into a power series. For small offsets a two‐term truncation of the series yields a good approximation. This approximation can also be used in the case of dipping reflectors if a correction is applied to the traveltimes. This correction can be calculated from the approximated conversion point coordinates.
The role of dehydroepiandrosterone in AIDS. (1997)

The use of DHEA for the treatment of AIDS shows some promise, although controlled trials have not been performed to evaluate its efficacy. Low serum concentrations of DHEA have been correlated with states of decreased immune function in humans, since concentrations are lowest in early childhood, late adulthood, and as HIV disease progresses. DHEA appears to possess immunomodulating effects, perhaps by enhancing the secretion of IL-2 from activated T cells as demonstrated in a murine model. A decline in DHEA concentrations, particularly when initially less than 2.01 micrograms/L, might also prove to be a predictor of HIV disease progression. It is also plausible that a decrease in DHEA concentrations can be used to predict a decline in overall health status. Although the role of DHEA in the treatment of AIDS has not yet been determined, the drug appears to show potential for clinical benefit that should be evaluated in large, randomized, controlled trials.
A universal broadband multipoint teleconferencing service for the 21st century (1995)

The Personal Presence system moves both the computing power behind advanced video processing and the connectivity behind video teleconferencing into the public switched telephone network where the costs of these resources can be shared by many users on an as used basis. This allows the deployment of much more powerful and sophisticated resources than most users can afford while lowering the cost for each user by eliminating duplication of capital expenditures. Transmission costs associated with multiparty video conferences over wide areas are also lowered because of the connectivity advantages of network-based bridging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lattice Weyl-Wigner formulation of exact many-body quantum-transport theory and applications to novel solid-state quantum-based devices (1990)

The use of the lattice-space Weyl-Wigner formalism of the quantum dynamics of particles in solids, coupled with nonequilibrium Green's-function techniques, provides a rigorous and straightforward derivation of an exact integral form of the equation for a quantum distribution function in many-body quantum-transport theory. We show that with the present formalism more realistic calculations, both numerical (particularly, highly transient simulations) and analytical (fully gauge-invariant calculations), which include full quantum effects and many-body effects, can be carried out in a straightforward, elegant, and physically meaningful manner. This is demonstrated by new results based on a more-accurate numerical simulation procedure and novel applications in terms of ``quantum particle trajectories'' for resonant tunneling diodes, and by a straightforward and fully gauge-invariant formulation of the exact quantum-transport equation of a uniform electron-phonon scattering system in high electric fields, which, for the first time, do not involve any gradient expansion.
Rigorous pre-clinical evaluation of topical microbicides to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (2003)

1099 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Magnesium Metal in Various Ether-Based Electrolytes (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Linear and Rotational Quartz Fiber Accelerometers for Geophysical and Inertial Use (1973)

Theme T quartz fiber accelerometers are being developed for geophysical and inertial use. Prototype models of the vertical and horizontal instruments exist and are undergoing tests. A rotation sensor capable of measuring rotational accelerations about a single axis is being designed. While most of the data gathered to date pertains to geophysical phenomena, these instruments may be used directly in any application requiring sensitive, low drift accelerometers.
Hydrogen Peroxide as a Signaling Molecule (2011)

Increases in hydrogen peroxide can initiate protective responses to limit or repair oxidative damage. However, hydrogen peroxide signals also fine-tune responses to growth factors and cytokines to control cell division, differentiation, and migration. Here we discuss some of the mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide is sensed and utilized as a signaling molecule to regulate diverse biological processes. We also discuss how the localization and levels of hydrogen peroxide, antioxidants, and the cellular metal composition together influence the nature of the response.
Faster deterministic sorting and searching in linear space (2002)

We present a significant improvement on linear space deterministic sorting and searching. On a unit-cost RAM with word size w, an ordered set of n w-bit keys (viewed as binary strings or integers) can be maintained in O(min{[/spl radic/(logn)][logn/logw+loglogn][logwloglogn]}) time per operation, including insert, delete, member search, and neighbour search. The cost for searching is worst-case while the cost for updates is amortized. As an application, n keys can be sorted in linear at O(n/spl radic/(logn)) worst-case cost. The best previous method for deterministic sorting and searching in linear space has been the fusion trees which supports updates and queries in O(logn/loglogn) amortized time and sorting in O(nlogn/loglogn) worst-case time. We also make two minor observations on adapting our data structure to the input distribution and on the complexity of perfect hashing.
Precision time protocol grandmaster clock : Systemization and development of the protocol handler and functional blocks on FPGA (2015)

Med tanke på den ökade efterfrågan på exempelvis realtidsvideotjänster, är det uppenbart att högre krav ställs på timing och synkronisering och är därför kritiska för de infrastrukturer i nästa generationens nätverk. En av metoderna som telekomföretag har att hanterat detta är genom att använda en paketbaserat tidsfördelning som IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP). Med den andra versionen av protokollet även använts i Large Hadron Collider (LHR) vid CERN, bland flera andra tillämpningsområden (t.ex. telekombranschen), är det ett bevis på att PTP är en framtidssäker tid och frekvenssynkronisering lösning med tillräckligt intresse från en många olika intressegrupper. Synkroniseringsprotokoll kräver en mycket noggrann och stabil tidskälla, som fungerar som synkroniserings topologins främsta referens (som kallas för Grandmaster Klocka inom PTP). Förutom att fungera som en navigeringshjälp, ger GPS också en sådan exakt tidsreferens spridning med bekostnaden av en GPS-mottagare. Således är GPS ett populärt val för en tidsreferenskälla i synkroniseringsprotokoll som PTP. Som huvudresultatet i denna avhandling, har en PTP Grandmaster Klocka utvecklats och funktionellt verifierats på en FPGA. Grandmaster Klockan är PTP-topologins huvudreferenskälla som distribuerar synkronisering till PTP Slave Klockor. En GPS-mottagare fungerar som Grandmasterns tidsreferenskälla i systemet där periodiska tid och datum uppdateras och sedan in i PTP-meddelanden, som i sin tur är fördelade över Ethernet till en eller fler PTP Slave Klockor. I avsaknad av en PTP Slave klocka, emuleras dess beteende med hjälp utav en laptop för att funktionellt verifiera designen av Grandmaster Klockan. Trots att det var utanför omfattningen av avhandlingen, har en karakterisering med hjälp av ett verktyg lämpat för synkroniseringsprotokolls evaluering gjorts för att utvärdera de tidiga resultaten av denna design. Trots att resultaten inte uppnår samma nivå som liknande slutgiltiga implementationer av PTP Grandmaster Klockor, har vissa nyckelområden identifierats som en följd. De områden som bör förändras är i en viss mån en omdesign men går huvudsakligen ut på att ersätta funktionella block i systemets infrastruktur som har mer deterministiska och IEEE 1588 IP-kompatibla IP, t.ex. Ethernet MAC IP-blocket. Om de rekommenderade förändringarna följts, bör designen implemterad i denna avhandling uppnå den potentiella synkroniseringsnoggrannhet som krävs för dagens applikationsbehov.
A New Monoclonal Anti-A Antibody BIRMA-1 (1991)

A monoclonal anti-A antibody, BIRMA-1, has been evaluated and found to be eminently suitable as a blood-grouping reagent. The culture supernatant is potent, avid and specific as demonstrated by its reactivity with a large sample of donor bloods tested manually and on the Olympus PK 7100 automated blood grouping machine. Over 100 cord blood samples were tested manually, and all were correctly grouped using this antibody. No false-positive reactions were obtained with papainized group B cells. Reagent prepared from BIRMA-1 detected most examples of Ax and all other A subgroups and A variants tested. Negative reactions with B(A) cells indicate that it is possible to have an antibody capable of detecting Ax which will not react with B cells from individuals with high levels of galactosyltransférase.
Wireline tractor operations successful in horizontal wells (1997)

Introduced in this article is the implementation of the downhole wireline tractor technology. The development process, onshore full-scale testing and offshore field testing with the downhole wireline tractor system is reviewed. Case histories for the world`s first successful horizontal wireline tractor operations are given. Logging, plug-setting and perforation operations in wells with horizontal sections greater than 5,250 ft (1,600 m) are included in the case histories. The tractor system comprises five main sections: Surface communications and motor control; electrical section; hydraulic section; drive sections; and hydraulic compensator.
Binding of Silver Nanoparticles to Bacterial Proteins Depends on Surface Modifications and Inhibits Enzymatic Activity (2010)

Here we describe results from a proteomic study of protein-nanoparticle interactions to further the understanding of the ecotoxicological impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the environment. We identified a number of proteins from Escherichia coli that bind specifically to bare or carbonate-coated AgNPs. Of these proteins, tryptophanase (TNase) was observed to have an especially high affinity for both surface modifications despite its low abundance in E. coli. Purified TNase loses enzymatic activity upon associating with AgNPs, suggesting that the active site may be in the vicinity of the binding site(s). TNase fragments with high affinities for both types of AgNPs were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Differences in peptide abundance/presence in mass spectra for the two types of AgNPs suggest preferential binding of some protein fragments based on surface coating. One high-binding protein fragment contained a residue (Arg103) that is part of the active site. Ag adducts were identified for some fragments and found to be characteristic of strong binding to AgNPs rather than association of the fragments with ionic silver. These results suggest a probable mechanism for adhesion of proteins to the most commonly used commercial nanoparticles and highlight the potential effect of nanoparticle surface coating on bioavailability.
On a Viterbi decoder design for low power dissipation (1999)

Convolutinal coding is a coding scheme often employed in deep space communications and recently in digital wireless communications. Viterbi decoders are used to decode convolutional codes. Viterbi decoders employed in digital wireless communications are complex and dissipate large power. With the proliferation of battery powered devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers, power dissipation, along with speed and area, is a major concern in VLSI design. In this thesis, we investigated a low-power design of Viterbi decoders for wireless communications applications. In CMOS technology the major source of power dissipation is attributed to dynamic power dissipation, which is due to the switching of signal values. The focus of our research in the low-power design of Viterbi decoders is reduction of dynamic power dissipation at logic level in the standard cell design environment. We considered two methods, clock-gating and toggle-filtering, in our design. A Viterbi decoder consists of five blocks. The clock-gating was applied to the survivor path storage block and the toggle-filtering to the trace-back block of a Viterbi decoder. We followed the standard cell design approach to implement the design. The behavior of a Viterbi decoder was described in VHDL, and then the VHDL description was modified to embed the low-power design. A gate level circuit was obtained from the behavioral description through logic synthesis, and a full scan design was incorporated into the gate level circuit to ease testing. The gate level circuit was placed and routed to generate a layout of the design. Our experimental result shows the proposed design reduces the power dissipation of a Viterbi decoder by about 42 percent compared with the on without considering the low-power design.
Low-Voltage, High-Mobility Pentacene Transistors with Solution-Processed High Dielectric Constant Insulators (1999)

High-performance pentacene insulated-gate field-effect transistors (IGFETs, see Figure) are described. It is demonstrated that, if barium strontium titanate is used as the gate insulator, pentacene IGFETs with a mobility similar to that of a-Si:H thin film transistors, good current modulation, and excellent subthreshold slopes at an operating voltage of about 5 V can be fabricated.
<i>Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology:</i> Transitioning Through Adolescence! (2006)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Chemosystematics and Evolution of Beetle Chemical Defenses (1987)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
The Enantiomeric Separation of Tetrahydrobenzimidazoles Cyclodextrins‐ and Cyclofructans (2012)

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were used to examine the enantiomeric separation of a series of 17 racemic tetrahydrobenzimidazole analytes. These compounds were prepared as part of a synthetic program directed towards a select group of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This group of natural products has a unique framework of pyrrole- and guanidine-containing fused rings which can be constructed through the intermediacy of a tetrahydrobenzimidazole scaffold. Several bonded cyclodextrin- (both native and derivatized) and derivatized cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases were evaluated for their ability to separate these racemates via HPLC. Similarly, several cyclodextrin derivatives and derivatized cyclofructan were evaluated for their ability to separate this set of chiral compounds via CE. Enantiomeric selectivity was observed for the entire set of racemic compounds using HPLC with resolution values up to 3.0. Among the 12 different CSPs, enantiomeric recognition was most frequently observed with the Cyclobond RN and LARIHC CF6-P, while the Cyclobond DMP yielded the greatest number of baseline separations. Fifteen of the analytes showed enantiomeric recognition in CE with resolution values as high as 5.0 and hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin was the most effective chiral additive.
Possible Role of Ovarian Epithelial Inflammation in Ovarian Cancer (1999)

Ovarian cancer is a commonly fatal disease for which prevention strategies have been limited, in part because of a lack of understanding of the underlying biology. This paper reviews the epidemiologic literature in the English language on risk factors and protective factors for ovarian cancer and proposes a novel hypothesis that a common mechanism underlying this disease is inflammation. Previous hypotheses about the causes of ovarian cancer have attributed risk to an excess number of lifetime ovulations or to elevations in steroid hormones. Inflammation may underlie ovulatory events because an inflammatory reaction is induced during the process of ovulation. Additional risk factors for ovarian cancer, including asbestos and talc exposure, endometriosis (i.e., ectopic implantation of uterine lining tissue), and pelvic inflammatory disease, cannot be directly linked to ovulation or to hormones but do cause local pelvic inflammation. On the other hand, tubal ligation and hysterectomy act as protective factors, perhaps by diminishing the likelihood that the ovarian epithelium will be exposed to environmental initiators of inflammation. Inflammation entails cell damage, oxidative stress, and elevations of cytokines and prostaglandins, all of which may be mutagenic. The possibility that inflammation is a pathophysiologic contributor to the development of ovarian cancer suggests a directed approach to future research
Monolithic integration of optoelectronic devices with reactive matching networks for microwave applications (1992)

Microwave impedance matching networks have been, for the first time, monolithically integrated with GaInAs p-i-n photodiodes and GaInAsP buried ridge stripe structure lasers ( lambda =1.3 mu m), both on a semi-insulating InP substrate. The microwave power transfer optical links were compared using matched and unmatched devices. Compared to an unmatched link, an improvement of 11.4 dB at 5.6 GHz (600 MHz bandwidth) is obtained for the totally matched one; this result corresponds quite well to the theoretical prediction (12 dB at 6 GHz).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>