gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascade-CMAC neural network applications on the color scanner to printer calibration (2002)

This paper presents an application of using a cascade-CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) neural network to solve some color calibration problems, which include color differences induced from gamuts mis-match and the nonlinear transformation characteristics between color scanning input devices and color printing output devices. For this purpose, we proposed a scalable learning architecture "cascade-CMAC" to implement an adaptive color calibration system. By analyzing the preliminary learning situation, the scalable architecture can dynamically create a new learning unit to better represent a finer color resolution, so that the learning capacity as well as the color details of the system can be greatly improved. From the experimental results, the proposed cascade-CMAC architecture can improve the rate of convergence and also can adjust the learning architecture effectively. The learning speed can be 2/spl sim/4 times faster than the conventional CMAC. The effectiveness of this neural network has been tested by observing the differences between the calibrated and the un-calibrated output on a number of known samples. By using the Macbeth color-checker which contains 24 color patches as benchmark, the average color differences between the original and the calibrated print-out is improved from 15 /spl Delta/E/sub ab/ to 8 /spl Delta/E/sub ab/ under the 3 /spl Delta/E/sub ab/ convergent criterion for training. The calibration performance is somewhat significant.
Syntheses of Quinoline Analogues of N-Methylmorphinan (1957)

Hydroxy derivative of N-methyl-15-aza-des-N-morphinan was prepared by the condensation of 4-chloro-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinoline and anisyl cyanide or veratryl cyanide in toluene, in the presence of sodium amide, by the process similar to that in preparing the benzyl derivative. It was reaffirmed by this synthesis that in the octahydro compound, the enamine converted to ketimine in acid medium and underwent cyclization.
Unprecedented Copper(I) Bifluoride Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity (2011)

To be or not to bifluoride: Two synthetic pathways to unprecedented N-heterocyclic carbene copper(I) bifluoride complexes have been developed. Catalytic tests demonstrated that copper(I) bifluorides are very efficient catalysts, which do not require any additional activating agent. The first Cu-catalyzed diastereoselective allylation of (R)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines was also established. The method enables efficient, simple and general synthesis of enantiomerically enriched homoallylic amines at room temperature in high yields.
The Internet an International Public Treasure (1998)

Le 31 Mars 1998, en témoignant devant le "Subcommittee on Basic Research of the Committee on Science" du Congrès Américain, Robert Kahn, co-inventeur du protocole TCP/IP, a montré la grande responsabilité qui doit être prise en compte avant que le Gouvernement Américain change la supervision régulatoire et le contrôle des aspects essentiels de l'Internet, aspects qui font partie de ce qu'on appelle le "Domain Name System (DNS)" [I].
Adsorption of Phosphates from Aqueous Solutions on Alginate/Goethite Hydrogel Composite (2019)

The basic process to reduce the phosphate ions in aquatic environments is to move the phosphorus circulation processes on the water–sediment phase boundary towards depositing it in the solid phase through chemical precipitation or adsorption. Modern technologies for removal of phosphorus can be based on cheap and environmentally friendly natural polysaccharides modified with multivalent metals. In this study alginate/goethite hydrogel composite has been investigated for phosphate uptake from aqueous solutions. The composite was produced by a cross-linking reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride in six configurations of suspensions, which differed in goethite content. In all cases, spherical and durable capsules of alginate/goethite composite were produced. In laboratory tests, mechanical stability of the capsules at various temperatures and the coexisting ions of lake water were tested. Chemical composition of the aquatic environment had a strong influence on their mechanical stability. Static batch adsorption of phosphate studies were carried out for two adsorbents: goethite and alginate/goethite composite. The goethite gelation resulted in almost double growth of sorption capacity in the case of adsorption from deionized water and, on average, a 50% growth in adsorption from the environmental water compared to raw goethite. The alginate/goethite adsorbent removed phosphate in a wide pH spectrum—from 4 to 10. Results suggest that the proposed adsorbent has potential for the removal of phosphate from contaminated water.
Automatic brain MR image registration based on Talairach reference system (2004)

An automatic process of determining specified points in brain is presented, which is required to register brain MR images based on Talairach reference system. Generally, the 10 points that are needed to be determined for the registration are anterior commissure(AC), posterior commissure (PC), anterior point (AP), posterior point (PP), superiorpoint (SP), inferior point (IP), left point (LP), right point (RP) and two points for the midline of the brain. The proposed method automatically determines all the necessary points for registration except IP in a more stable manner than the manual selections. Projection information of the image intensity is used for the midline determination which is a necessary step for the midsagittal plane extraction. To find AC and PC in the midsagittal plane image, two-level shape matching of the corpus callosum followed by AC and PC shape matching is performed in the edge-enhanced midsagittal plane image. Remaining points are found by fitting the intensity curve of the cutview with the Gaussian model. After finding the necessary points, the brain MR images can be successfully registered.
Development and Processing of Chromium Based Alloys for Structural Parts in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1997)

The chromium base alloy Ducrolloy (Cr-5Fe-1Y2O3) has been developed for structural parts in solid oxide fuel cells, e.g. bipolar plates. The essential properties e.g. coefficient of thermal expansion, electrical and thermal conductivity, high temperature corrosion resistance, mechanical properties as well as the machinability are the reasons for the widespread use of this alloy as bipolar plate material in solid oxide fuel cells. The first part of the paper shows two powder metallurgical manufacturing routes that have been chosen to produce the desired metallic bipolar plates. In the second part the actual cost situation is discussed and an outlook for mass production of bipolar plates made of Ducrolloy is given.
Non-peptidic chymase inhibitors (2001)

Human chymase is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Although the physiological and pathological roles of chymase have not been fully elucidated, recent studies have implicated its involvement in numerous physiological functions. Preliminary results suggest a wide therapeutic utility for chymase inhibitors in disorders such as heart failure, hypertension, chronic inflammation, allergy, dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. This review will focus on patent applications describing non-peptidic chymase inhibitors published within the last five years.
Near-Optimal Terrain Collision Avoidance Trajectories Using Elevation Maps (2006)

The main attempt of this paper is to present a new methodology to model a generic low-level flight close to terrain, which guarantees terrain collision avoidance. Benefiting the advantages of high-speed computer technology, this method uses satellite elevation maps to generate so called 'quad-tree forms'. The latter is then used to find the optimal trajectories for low-level flights. The novelty of this approach, entitled the 'cost map', lies in the integration of aircraft dynamics into the segmented map. This procedure results in some near-optimal trajectories with respect to aircraft dynamics that could easily be used for minimization of flight path together with pilot effort. Different simulations show the method is applicable wherever there is no need for sharp changes in flight level. Nevertheless, the current method could be expanded to three dimensional terrain avoidance/terrain following flights
Analysis by PCR and direct DNA sequencing of gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis (1994)

A region of gyrA, the gene encoding subunit A of DNA gyrase, that is known to be associated with resistance was amplified and sequenced from 16 Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates. Six ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates (MICs of ciprofloxacin, 32 to 64 micrograms/ml) and one multistep resistant laboratory mutant of E. faecalis (MIC of ciprofloxacin, 128 micrograms/ml) contained a change from serine to arginine or to isoleucine at codon 83 or a change from glutamic acid to lysine or to glycine at codon 87 (Escherichia coli GyrA coordinates); these changes have been associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in other species. No difference in the region studied was found in two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. faecium isolates (MICs, 32 micrograms/ml) or in four laboratory derived, spontaneous ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of E. faecalis (MICs, 8 to 16 micrograms/ml), suggesting that other mechanisms may be responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in some enterococci.
Original Articles ; Biochemical and Biological Properties of a Gibrinolytic Enzyme from Korean Snake ( Agkistrodon halys ) Venom (1993)

The fibrinolytic enzyme of 51,000 Da isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon halys lyses fibrinogen and fibrin polymer in the absence of plasminogen without having thrombinlike activity. Treatment of the enzyme with diisopropyl fluorophosphate or phenylmethylsulfo-nyl fluoride resulted in complete loss of the fibrinolytic activity, suggesting that the enzyme is a member of serine protease family. Proteolytic activity of the enzyme is also inhibited by incubation with metal ions such as Zn^(2+), Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+), Li^(2+) +, and Co^(2+). The enzyme is relatively stable at room temperature and its maximal catalytic activity is attained at pH 8.0, 37℃. The α chain of fibrinogen or fibrin polymer is more sensitive to the proteolytic degradation by the enzyme than the β chain, while the γ chain is not affected at all. Hydrolysis of the synthetic peptide substrates including N-benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg-p-nitroanilide, which is a specific substrate for angiotensin I-converting enzyme, suggests the venom fibrinolytic enzyme cleaves after arginine residue. The enzyme was not able to hydrolyze human serum albumin, plasminogen, thrombin, immunoglobulin, and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Since the enzyme is active in human plasma and the degree of fibrinolysis was proportional to the amount of enzyme added, it is postulated that the enzyme can mediate fibrinolytic function in vivo.
An Electronic UWB Continuously Tunable Time-Delay System With Nanosecond Delays (2008)

We propose and demonstrate an electronic system achieving continuously tunable time-delays with nanosecond-scale delay excursions for ultra-wideband signals. Our demonstration system yields an adjustable delay of up to 1.6 ns for input signals spanning 3 to 7 GHz. The key component is a dispersive length of microstrip line created by etching a chirped electromagnetic bandgap structure in the conducting strip.
Genes commonly regulated by water-deficit stress in Arabidopsis thaliana (2004)

Cellular water-deficit stress triggers many changes in gene expression which can be used to define the response of a plant to an environmental condition. Microarray technology permits the study of expression patterns of thousands of genes simultaneously, permitting a comprehensive understanding of the types and quantities of RNAs that are present in a cell in response to water-deficit stress. The expression of specific genes was compared in three different experiments designed to understand changes in gene expression in response to water-deficit stress. Surprisingly, there was a relatively small set of genes that were commonly induced or repressed. There were 27 genes commonly induced and three commonly repressed; 1.4% and 0.2% of the genes analysed in common to all three experiments. The induced genes fell into six different functional categories: metabolism, transport, signalling, transcription, hydrophilic proteins, and unknown. The three commonly repressed genes indicated that repression of gene expression supported a frequently observed response to water-deficit stress, decreased growth. A more detailed analysis of genes involved in cell wall metabolism, indicated that there was a global decrease in expression of genes that promote cell expansion.
Catabolism of Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complex in Microsome Subfractions. (1992)

After internalization of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (Hb-Hp) via receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) into liver parenchymal cells, organelles containing the complex distribute in the microsome fraction (Ms). Prior to the catabolism, Hb-Hp dissociates symmetrically into two 82,000-dalton (82 kDa) subunits. In the present investigation, the first event of Hb-Hp metabolism in Ms were further examined after [3H-heme, 14C-glogin]Hb-Ho or [125I-Hb]Hp injection to rats. Shortly after the internalization of Hb-Hp, this complex in Ms was intact. At 60 min after injection, radioactive materials of Ms extracted by freezing and thawing (F&T) with yield of 15% were composed of Hb-Hp, 82 kilodaltons (kDa) subunits and Hb metabolites with a ratio of 1:6:13. The heme metabolites were identified as [3H]bilirubin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ratio of Hb-Hp/82 kDa subunits/Hb metabolites in microsome residue of the F&T was 40:8:1. The radioactivity in Ms at 60 min localized microsomes subfraction except Golgi light fraction. In electron microscope radioautography of microsome subfraction using [125I]Hb-Hp, silver grains were observed over or within morphologically heterogenous vesicles, e.g. vesicles containing very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles with appendage like multi-vesicular body (MVB) or compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand (CURL) in Goligi light and intermediate fractions. These studies suggest that Hb-Hp internalized by RME is dissociated symmetrically into two 82 kDa subunits in organelles of Ms, and that organelles with MVB or CURL-like structures are associated with Hb-Hp metabolism.
Smear Layer Removal by Means of Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) Laser Irradiation from Apical Third of Mesial Root Canals (2021)

<i>Aim</i>: This ex-vivo study evaluated the efficiency of an Er, Cr: YSGG laser (2780 nm) at different power settings to remove smear layer from the apical third of mesial roots of first lower molars by using SEM. <i>Materials & Methods</i>: 42 mesial root canals of first mandibular molars (type II Vertucci) were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each. The rest 2 teeth were used as control groups. After coronal access, all teeth were instrumented by Protaper Gold rotary files up to size F2 (25/0.08), followed an irrigation protocol with saline. Then, the experimental groups were irradiated by Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Four different output powers were tested, namely 1.25 W, 1.5 W, 2 W, 2.5 W was used to irradiate the roots in Group 1 (G1), Group 2 (G2), Group 3 (G3) and Group 4 (G4) respectively. Control group (n=2) was instrumented as experimental groups but not irradiated. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and observed under SEM. Results were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test. <i>Results</i>: None of the tested groups succeeded in removing completely the smear layer from apical dentinal walls. The results showed no statistically significant differences between laser groups in removing smear layer from apical third of lower molars. Group 3 (2 W) showed better outcomes but it was not statistically significant. <i>Conclusion</i>: The outcome of the present study showed that laser-assisted smear layer removal with an Er, Cr: YSGG laser with the tested parameters is not predicable for the apical third of root canals. <i>Clinical significance</i>: The presence of chelating factor may play an important role in the mechanism of laser-assisted removal of smear layer in the apical third of root canals. Further research needs to be performed in order to find the optimal irradiation protocol.
A CNN Model for Head Pose Recognition using Wholes and Regions (2019)

Head pose recognition and monitoring is key to many real-world applications, since it is a vital indicator for human attention and behavior. Currently, head pose is often computed by localizing landmarks on a targeted face and solving 2D to 3D correspondence problem with a mean head model. Recent research has shown that this is a brittle approach since it relies entirely on the accuracy of landmark detection, the extraneous head model and an ad-hoc alignment step. Recent work has also shown that the best-performing methods often combine multiple low-level image features with high-level contextual cues. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end deep network, which is inspired by these ideas and explores regions within an image to capture topological changes due to changes in viewpoint. We adapt the existing state-of-the-art deep CNNs to use more than one region for accurate head pose recognition. Our regions consist of one or more consecutive cells and is adapted from the strategies used in computing HOG descriptor. Extensive experimental results on head pose recognition using four different large-scale datasets, demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms many state-of-the-art deep CNN models. We also compare our pose recognition performance with the latest OpenFace 2.0 facial behavior analysis toolkit. In addition, we contribute head pose annotation to a large-scale dataset (VGGFace2).
Global Ocean Forecast System 3.1 Validation Test (2017)

Abstract : The Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS) 3.1 is comprised of the 1/12 HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model that is two-way coupled to the Community Ice CodE in a daily update cycle with the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation. Additionally it uses Improved Synthetic OceanProfiles to project surface information downward into the water column. GOFS nowcasts/forecasts the oceans weather, which includes the three-dimensional ocean temperature, salinity and current structure, the surface mixed layer, the location of mesoscale features, and ice concentration, thickness and drift in both hemispheres. It is scheduled to replace GOFS 3.0 for the ocean and the Arctic Cap Nowcast/ForecastSystem (ACNFS) for sea ice, both of which are the existing operational systems at the Naval Oceanographic Office. This report describes the system comparisons against unassimilated observations at both the nowcast time and as a function of forecast length. An ocean scorecard provides the relative performance of GOFS 3.1 vs. GOFS 3.0. Overall, GOFS 3.1 is performing equal to or better than both GOFS 3.0 and ACNFS, and is recommended to become the next global operational system.
[Changes of type I collagen in the lungs of rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension]. (2000)

The changes of type I collagen in the lung tissues of rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and its relationship to the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) were investigated. The blood dynamic indexes of pulmonary circulation were measured by using Swan-Ganz. The distribution of type I collagen in pulmonary arteries, bronchi and plumonary interstitial was observed by using streptavidin peroxidase method (SP). The morphologic changes of small pulmonary arteries and the level of type I collagen were determined by image pattern analysis technique and gray scale scanning, respectively. The results showed, compared with the controls, mPAP of the hypoxic rats elevated (from 2.12 +/- 0.25 to 3.95 +/- 0.43 kPa, P < 0.01), their small pulmonary arteries, walls thickened (MT% from 16.35 +/- 2.64 to 35.83 +/- 3.55, MA% from 26.83 +/- 3.40 to 59.68 +/- 4.90, P < 0.01) and lumen narrowed. The distribution of type I collagen was mainly in the external layer of pulmonary arterial walls; the positive degrees of gray scale scanning increased and had a positive linear relationship to the mPAP and MT%. These findings suggest that the increase of type I collagen contents in pulmonary arteries is closely related to the development of HPH.
Two B cell factors bind the HLA-DRA X box region and recognize different subsets of HLA class II promoters (1991)

The class II genes of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) encode three isotypes of alpha/beta heterodimeric proteins, HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP, which are responsible for presenting processed antigens to T helper lymphocytes. These MHC class II genes are expressed in a coordinate manner. The promoter regions of all MHC class II genes share a set of highly conserved elements that mediate different levels of tissue-specific and inducible transcription. One element, the X box, appears to be the major positive element in B cell-specific expression, and nuclear protein binding studies have subdivided this region into the X1 and X2 boxes. Regulatory Factor X (RFX) binds to the X1 box whereas several other factors have been described that bind to the X2 box. In this report, we further characterize the X1 binding protein RFX and show that RFX binds poorly to beta chain gene promoters. In particular, RFX does not bind to the DRB gene, which is expressed at the highest levels of all beta chain genes. In addition, we have identified an X2 box binding activity in human B cell extracts that binds with high affinity to the HLA-DRA promoter. This X2 binding protein, X2BP, binds to a different subset of class II promoters than does RFX. These findings suggest that coordinate regulation of class II expression may involve different combinations or arrangements of transcriptional elements and factors instead of a common set.
Black fly salivary gland extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in murine splenocytes (2009)

Black flies are known to be vectors of pathogens including Onchocerca volvulus, which causes human onchocerciasis, and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Their salivary secretion has been shown to contain a complex cocktail of anti-haemostatic factors and immunomodulatory activities, which may contribute to efficient transmission of the pathogens. Black fly salivary gland extract (SGE) inhibits mitogen-stimulated mouse splenocyte proliferation, including proliferation of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. The factor responsible for the inhibition was determined to be a protein (or protein complex) of a size larger than 50 kDa. Moreover, exposure to SGE results in activation of caspase 3 and characteristic morphological changes in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that induction of apoptosis could, at least in part, be responsible for this inhibition.