gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planting the Municipal Ownership Idea in Port Arthur, 1875–1914 (1997)

The municipal ownership idea found fertile soil on the rocky north shore of Lake Superior. The predominance of local land ownership, the absence of large industrial employers and a small population where religion and ethnicity eased potential class differences created a climate conducive to collective action in Port Arthur. The degree of conflict or cooperation that characterized local social relations inevitably extended to the operation of the municipal government and shaped the ways in which citizens perceived their municipality and its role within the community. This was of paramount importance as Ontario municipal law bound the municipal administration to the will of the majority of the taxpayers by requiring that all money by-laws and franchise agreements be voted upon. The accountability feature of the Municipal Act, coupled with a convergence of local interests under the rubric of boosterism, convinced Port Arthur residents to pioneer municipal enterprise in the early 1890s. The creation of one of the first municipally owned and operated electric street railways in the world was the innovation of small-scale land owners disillusioned with the boodling habit of the town's elite. The emerging consensus in favour of municipal enterprise was such that by 1901, not even the formidable Bell Telephone Company could dissuade Port Arthur inhabitants. In the process we see that frontier communities like Port Arthur did not always accommodate the interests of local elites. Instead of a local populace manipulated by the booster rhetoric of businesspeople and land developers, this study reveals a remarkable degree of political accommodation, and even the active cooperation of local ratepayers.
The Dielectric Constant of N-Methylamides (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dielectric Constant of N-MethylamidesGordon R. Leader and James F. GormleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5731–5733Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views872Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Covering trees and lower-bounds on quadratic assignment (2010)

Many computer vision problems involving feature correspondence among images can be formulated as an assignment problem with a quadratic cost function. Such problems are computationally infeasible in general but recent advances in discrete optimization such as tree-reweighted belief propagation (TRW) often provide high-quality solutions. In this paper, we improve upon these algorithms in two ways. First, we introduce covering trees, a variant of TRW which provide the same bounds on the MAP energy as TRW with far fewer variational parameters. Optimization of these parameters can be carried out efficiently using either fixed-point iterations (as in TRW) or sub-gradient based techniques. Second, we introduce a new technique that utilizes bipartite matching applied to the min-marginals produced with covering trees in order to compute a tighter lower-bound for the quadratic assignment problem. We apply this machinery to the problem of finding correspondences with pairwise energy functions, and demonstrate the resulting hybrid method outperforms TRW alone and a recent related subproblem decomposition algorithm on benchmark image correspondence problems.
Cysteines 449 and 459 modulate the reduction–oxidation conformational changes of ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the translocation of the enzyme to membranes during stress (2005)

The role of cysteines 449 (Cys449) and 459 (Cys459) from the large subunit (LS) of ribulose 1-5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in the reduction-oxidation (redox) regulation of the enzyme was assessed by site-directed mutagenesis of these residues and chloroplast transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vitro studies indicated that mutations C449S, C459S or C449S/ C459S do not affect the activity and proteolytic susceptibility of the enzyme in the reduced state. However, when oxidized, the mutant enzymes differed from the wild type (WT), showing an increased resistance to inactivation and, in the case of the double mutant (DM), an altered structural conformation as reflected by the kinetics of proteolysis with subtilisin. The response of the DM strain to saline stress revealed that the absence of Cys449 and Cys459 intensifies Rubisco degradation and the covalent disulfide and non-disulfide polymerization of the enzyme in vivo. Saline stress also induced Rubisco translocation to a membrane (M) fraction that contained only covalently polymerized enzyme. Rubisco mobilization to this M fraction was enhanced also in the DM strain. Altogether, these results indicate that Cys449 and Cys459 participate in the modulation of the conformational changes promoted by oxidative modifications retarding processes related to the catabolism of the enzyme in vivo.
Primary hypothyroidism in severe chronic heart failure. (1988)

Thyroid function was studied in 40 patients with chronic heart failure. Thyroid antibodies and microsome antibodies were negative in all cases. Serum T4, and T3 concentrations showed significant inverse correlation with cardiothoracic ratio, mean right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and peripheral venous pressure. Serum T4, T3 concentrations showed significant correlation with PaO2, serum albumin, and serum cholinesterase. Serum TSH concentrations increased with increasing cardiothoracic ratio. Histological examinations showed fibrosis and atrophy of the thyroid gland in 2 cases. These findings suggest the possible development of primary hypothyroidism as a result of chronic heart failure.
Expression and Functional Analyses of the Dxpa Gene, the Drosophila Homolog of the Human Excision Repair Gene XPA (1995)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a human hereditary disease characterized by a defect in DNA repair after exposure to ultraviolet light. Among the seven groups of XP, group A (XP-A) patients show the most severe deficiency in excision repair and a wide variety of cutaneous and neurological disorders. We have cloned homologs of the human XPA gene from chicken, Xenopus, and Drosophila, and sequence analysis revealed that these genes are highly conserved throughout evolution. Here, we report characterization of the Drosophila homolog of the human XPA gene (Dxpa). The Dxpa gene product shows DNA repair activities in an in vitro repair system, and Dxpa cDNA has been shown to complement a mutant allele of human XP-A cells by transfection. Polytene chromosome in situ hybridization mapped Dxpa to 3F6-8 on the X chromosome, where no mutant defective in excision repair was reported. Northern blot analysis showed that the gene is continuously expressed in all stages of fly development. Interestingly, the Dxpa protein is strongly expressed in the central nervous system and muscles as revealed by immunohistochemical analysis using anti-Dxpa antibodies, consistent with the results obtained in transgenic flies expressing a Dxpa-beta-galactosidase fusion gene driven by the Dxpa promoter.
Transductive Multi-View Zero-Shot Learning (2015)

Most existing zero-shot learning approaches exploit transfer learning via an intermediate semantic representation shared between an annotated auxiliary dataset and a target dataset with different classes and no annotation. A projection from a low-level feature space to the semantic representation space is learned from the auxiliary dataset and applied without adaptation to the target dataset. In this paper we identify two inherent limitations with these approaches. First, due to having disjoint and potentially unrelated classes, the projection functions learned from the auxiliary dataset/domain are biased when applied directly to the target dataset/domain. We call this problem the projection domain shift problem and propose a novel framework, transductive multi-view embedding, to solve it. The second limitation is the prototype sparsity problem which refers to the fact that for each target class, only a single prototype is available for zero-shot learning given a semantic representation. To overcome this problem, a novel heterogeneous multi-view hypergraph label propagation method is formulated for zero-shot learning in the transductive embedding space. It effectively exploits the complementary information offered by different semantic representations and takes advantage of the manifold structures of multiple representation spaces in a coherent manner. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that the proposed approach (1) rectifies the projection shift between the auxiliary and target domains, (2) exploits the complementarity of multiple semantic representations, (3) significantly outperforms existing methods for both zero-shot and N-shot recognition on three image and video benchmark datasets, and (4) enables novel cross-view annotation tasks.
<title>Progressive 3D mesh coder with octree-based space partitioning</title> (2004)

A progressive 3D mesh coding scheme using the octree-based space partitioning is proposed in this work, which achieves better coding efficiency than the state-of-the-art kd-tree-based codec. Given a 3D mesh, the quantized 3D vertices are first partitioned into an octree structure. The octree is then traversed from the root and gradually to the leaves. During the traversal, each 3D cell in the tree front is subdivided into eight child cells through three orthogonal cell bi-partitionings. For each cell subdivision, the information of nonempty child cells is encoded. To encode the information, two approaches (i.e. the bit-pattern coding approach and the nonempty-child-cell-tuple coding approach) are implemented and compared. In addition to the geometry coding, the local connectivity update associated with each cell subdivision is also encoded. Furthermore, selective cell subdivision is performed in the tree front to provide better rate-distortion performance, especially at low bitrates. It is shown in experimental results that the geometry coding cost is around 4.2 bits per vertex (bpv) for 8-bit coordinate quantization and 14.3 bpv for 12-bit coordinate quantization, and the connectivity coding cost is 3.3 bpv on the average.
Silver Halide‐Chalcogenide Glass Inorganic Resists for X‐Ray Lithography (1980)

Silver halide‐chalcogenide glass composite thin film structures are evaluated as inorganic x‐ray resists at Al line. The sensitivity is shown to be a factor of 2 better than the PMMA 2041 for a 300 nm thick resist layer. A comparable contrast is indicated. A high resolution capability is expected because of the amorphous nature of the composite. A possible mechanism of this inorganic resist action is discussed.
Concept of critical void ratio used in estimating dynamic stability of sands (2009)

Some authors use the concept of critical void ratio of sands to describe sand behavior under dynamic load. This paper presents a new procedure of experimental determination of the critical void ratio of sands under consolidated undrained triaxial compression. At present, there is no technical possibility for determining the critical void ratio of sand under dynamic loads, particularly in shear zones. The mechanism of dynamic load is such that both pore pressure and effective stresses (indirect indicators of the change in the void ratio of sand under undrained conditions) change several times, even during one cycle. It is established that, because of dynamic loading, saturated sands of any density tend to the state of zero dynamic dilatancy when shear zones of constant thickness form in sands, where further strain accumulation is localized. The investigation into the state of zero dynamic dilatancy is fundamentally important for the estimation of the dynamic stability of sands.
Centrifugation of stallion semen and its storage in large volume straws. (1979)

President Roosevelt speaks at the Hall of the Native Sons of the Golden West in San Francisco, responding to greetings from the Association of Pioneers, Mexican War Veterans, Native Sons of the Golden West, and Native Daughters of the Golden West. He discusses the deeds of the veterans and pioneers and thanks them for their service.
Thousands of microbial genomes shed light on interconnected biogeochemical processes in an aquifer system (2016)

The subterranean world hosts up to one-fifth of all biomass, including microbial communities that drive transformations central to Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, little is known about how complex microbial communities in such environments are structured, and how inter-organism interactions shape ecosystem function. Here we apply terabase-scale cultivation-independent metagenomics to aquifer sediments and groundwater, and reconstruct 2,540 draft-quality, near-complete and complete strain-resolved genomes that represent the majority of known bacterial phyla as well as 47 newly discovered phylum-level lineages. Metabolic analyses spanning this vast phylogenetic diversity and representing up to 36% of organisms detected in the system are used to document the distribution of pathways in coexisting organisms. Consistent with prior findings indicating metabolic handoffs in simple consortia, we find that few organisms within the community can conduct multiple sequential redox transformations. As environmental conditions change, different assemblages of organisms are selected for, altering linkages among the major biogeochemical cycles.
Reductive Cleavage of S-S Bond by Samarium Diiodide: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Disulfides (1994)

Abstract Samarium diiodide reductively cleaves the S-S bond of sodium alkyl thiosulfates to give the corresponding disulfides in moderate to good yields under mild and neutral conditions.
A model of task migration in partitionable parallel processing systems (2003)

The effects of task migration (i.e. movement of a task from one partition to another) in systems with multistage cube or hypercube networks are studied. Direct overhead encompasses the cost of moving the task when no other tasks affect the migration, while indirect overhead is the additional time needed for migration that is due to influences of other tasks. The sum of direct and indirect overhead is the time needed to migrate a task. In addition, the migration can affect other tasks, and thus can incur a migration penalty. The indirect overhead and migration penalty represent the interference that can occur in the interconnection network between the migrating task and other tasks attempting to use the network simultaneously. A model for parameterizing migration costs is given. This research is part of the PASM parallel-processing project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Type V-A CRISPR Effectors Are Active Nucleases with Expanded Targeting Capabilities (2020)

Cas12a enzymes are quickly being adopted for use in a variety of genome-editing applications. These programmable nucleases are part of adaptive microbial immune systems, the natural diversity of which has been largely unexplored. Here, we identified novel families of Type V-A CRISPR nucleases through a large-scale analysis of metagenomes collected from a variety of complex environments, and developed representatives of these systems into gene-editing platforms. The nucleases display extensive protein variation and can be programmed by a single-guide RNA with specific motifs. The majority of these enzymes are part of systems recovered from uncultivated organisms, some of which also encode a divergent Type V effector. Biochemical analysis uncovered unexpected protospacer adjacent motif diversity, indicating that these systems will facilitate a variety of genome-engineering applications. The simplicity of guide sequences and activity in human cell lines suggest utility in gene and cell therapies.
Principles for the use of macrocyclic lactones to minimise selection for resistance (2001)

The primary recommendation is to use a mixture of effective drugs when treating sheep. However, unless the combination treatment is highly effective it is unlikely to delay selection for ML resistance if sheep are being treated and moved to a clean or safe pasture. Where possible, reliance on the ML anthelmintics should be reduced by not using them every year, not using them in low risk stock or by using narrow spectrum and low efficacy drugs such as naphthalophos when appropriate. Anthelmintic treatment should be given as part of a strategic worm control program. It is suggested that IVM-oral and IVM-capsules should not be used when ML resistance is present. In this situation MOX or ABA should be used in combination with other drugs, provided that the chosen ML is effective against the resistant parasite. It is essential to monitor the efficacy of ML and drug combinations by post-treatment worm egg counts, particularly when ML resistance has been detected.
Cell proliferation through forced engagement of c-Kit and Flt-3 (2001)

To investigate the potential for functional interactions between heterologous receptors, the cytoplasmic domains of 2 different receptors (c-Kit and Flt-3) were coexpressed in the interleukin-3-dependent cell line Ba/F3. The receptor signaling domains were presented in the context of fusion proteins, with c-Kit linked to the FK506 binding protein (FKBP12) and Flt-3 linked to the FRB domain of the FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein. The fusions were brought into apposition with the use of chemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs). Two classes of CID were employed. FK1012 and its synthetic analogue AP1510 bring together 2 copies of the FKBP12 domain, thereby inducing homodimerization of the c-Kit(FKBP12) fusion. A second type of CID, rapamycin, brings together one FKBP12 domain and one FRB domain, resulting in heterodimerization of the c-Kit(FKBP12) and Flt-3(FRB) fusions. Ba/F3 cell growth was promoted not only by FK1012- or AP1510-induced homodimerization of the c-Kit(FKBP12) fusion (as reported previously), but also by rapamycin-induced c-Kit(FKBP12)-Flt-3(FRB) heterodimerization. These findings demonstrate the potential for a direct functional interaction between c-Kit and Flt-3. (Blood. 2001;97:3662-3664)
CONTINUOUSLY ROTATING ENERGY HARVESTER WITH IMPROVED POWER DENSITY (2008)

Abstract: In this paper, we present and demonstrate a rotational energy harvesting generator and a method to improve its power density at low operational speeds. The electro-mechanical behavior of the generator is described using direct current (DC) motor theory. Reported results from a previously designed and tested maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit are discussed. The effects of imposing a current limit to continuously obtain maximum power transfer from the generator to a load will also be shown. Lastly, off-axis experimental results are presented to illustrate the variation of power generation at different offset distances. Key words: energy harvesting, rotational generator, maximum power point tracking, double pendulum 1.
ROADWAY POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE: AN ALL-ELECTRIC HYBRID SYSTEM (1986)

The design and development of the roadway-powered electric vehicle (RPEV) are described. A hybrid system that includes an onboard energy storage device and a system for inductively transferring energy to the vehicle is discussed. How the RPEV system can provide a battery vehicle with essentially unlimited range, using as an example the design, development, and testing of a prototype electric bus system for Santa Barbara, CA is explained. The system design issues and trade-offs are explained, with particular emphasis on the energy budget that ensures a full day of vehicle operation. Results of testing of the prototype vehicle are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology, and future directions for the development of the RPEV are indicated.
Post-Infection A77-1726 Blocks Pathophysiologic Sequelae of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2007)

Despite respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis remaining the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants worldwide, treatment has progressed little in the past 30 years. The aim of our study was to determine whether post-infection administration of de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors could prevent the reduction in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and hypoxemia that occurs at Day 2 after intranasal infection of BALB/c mice with RSV. BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with RSV strain A2. AFC was measured in anesthetized, ventilated mice after instillation of 5% bovine serum albumin into the dependent lung. Post-infection systemic treatment with leflunomide has no effect on AFC. However, when added to the AFC instillate, leflunomide's active metabolite, A77-1726, blocks RSV-mediated inhibition of AFC at Day 2. This block is reversed by uridine (which allows pyrimidine synthesis via the scavenger pathway) and not recapitulated by genistein (which mimics the tyrosine kinase inhibitor effects of A77-1726), indicating that the effect is specific for the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. More importantly, when administered intranasally at Day 1, A77-1726, but not its vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide, maintains its beneficial effect on AFC and lung water content until Day 2. Intranasal instillation of A77-1726 at Day 1 also reduces bronchoalveolar lavage nucleotide levels, lung inflammation, and hypoxemia at Day 2 without impairing viral replication at Day 2 or viral clearance at Day 8. Post-infection intranasal or aerosolized treatment with pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors may provide symptomatic relief from the pathophysiologic sequelae of impaired AFC in children with RSV bronchiolitis.
A W-Band Signal Generation Using N-Push Frequency Multipliers for Low Phase Noise (2014)

A W-band frequency generation for FMCW radar application is presented. It cascades a ring based five-push multiplier and a push-push injection-locked oscillator for 10 times multiplication with a two stage power amplifier. The chip is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology and its size including ESD-protected pads is 860 μm×620 μm. Phase noise of the output signal is -110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset using the 7.8 GHz reference frequency with the phase noise of -132 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The output power of the complete circuit is larger than 8.8 dBm for the entire output locking range, and N-push technique enables unwanted spur suppression larger than 59 dBc. The total power consumption is 265 mW.
Hypertext-assisted video indexing and content-based retrieval (1997)

No abstract available.