gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hall Effect in Ferromagnetic Materials (1953)

Experimental results are reviewed for Fe, Co, Ni, the Co-Ni and Ni-Cu alloy series. Most of the measurements were made at room temperature. In the case of Ni, data are available from about 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.In every case studied, the Hall emf consists of a sum of two terms. The first term is proportional to the magnetizing field and has been called the ordinary Hall effect. Its order of magnitude and sensitivity to variations in temperature and in composition are comparable with the Hall effect in nonferromagnetic metals. The second term is proportional to the magnetization and has been called the extraordinary Hall effect.At room temperature, the extraordinary effect is usually much larger than the ordinary effect. Large changes in the extraordinary effect may be produced by variations in temperature or composition.In the theory of the ordinary effect, a representation is employed in which conduction may take place in both the $s$- and $d$-bands. This theory appears to be moderately successful in interpreting the experimental data.Various proposals that have been advanced to account for the extraordinary effect are considered briefly. We consider that a satisfactory physical basis for this phenomenon has not yet been established.
Anisotropy of elastic wave velocities in deformed shales: Part 2 — Modeling results (2008)

Abstract This study was devoted to the interpretation of the evolution of elastic wave velocities in anisotropic shales that are subjected to deformation experiments in the laboratory. A micromechanical model was used to describe the macroscopic effective elastic properties and anisotropy of the rock in terms of its microscopic features, such as intrinsic anisotropy and crack/pore geometry. The experimental data (reported in Part 1) were compared quantitatively with the micromechanical model predictions to gain some insight into the microstructural behavior of the rock during deformation. The inversion of the experimental data using the micromechanical model was carried out by means of a numerical minimization of the least-squares distance between data and model in terms of effective compliances. Under isotropic mechanical loading, the overall behavior of the dry shale is consistent with the closure of crack-like pores, which are aligned in theplane of symmetry of the transversely isotropic background matrix. Those cracks represent a low fraction of the total porosity, but they have a strong effect on elastic wave velocities. The data are consistent with an initial (horizontal) crack density of 0.07. Crack closure also is evidenced at early stages of axial loading applied perpendicular to the shale bedding plane, whereas crack density increases significantly as axial stress is increased. Interpretation of the wet experiment is less straightforward, although some preliminary conclusions could be drawn. Under isotropic stress, crack closure also is evidenced, whereas crack density remains constant at the early stages of deviatoric loading. When axial peak stress is approached, crack density increases drastically, which likely indicates onset and development of vertical cracking. Wet experiments probably are more complex because water is likely to be expelled from crack-like pores toward equant pores in response to the mechanical loading.
Toward a Neuroanatomy of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1992)

This issue of the ARCHIVES includes three new reports of functional brain imaging studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).<sup>1-3</sup>These articles add to a growing literature on changes in either regional brain metabolism or blood flow in patients with OCD. Although the first such article was published only 5 years ago,<sup>4</sup>there is already a consensus developing toward a neuroanatomic model of the pathophysiologic characteristics of this mysterious syndrome. In this Comment, I examine the evidence for such a model in light of these new findings. <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Proposals for a neurologic basis of OCD can be traced back to the last century.<sup>5</sup>With time, many different forms of evidence have been marshalled to support a neurologic origin for OCD,<sup>6-8</sup>including recent reports<sup>9,10</sup>that more than 90% of patients with OCD have "soft signs" consistent with some subtle neurologic disorder. In addition, several true neurologic
Back pain among workers in the United States: National estimates and workers at high risk (1995)

Back pain accounts for about one fourth of workers' compensation claims in the United States. The Occupational Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey provided an opportunity to assess the scope of this problem. The 30,074 respondents who worked in the 12 months before the interview were defined as "workers", and those with back pain every day for a week or more during that period were defined as "cases." A weighting factor was applied to the answers to derive national estimates. In 1988, about 22.4 million back pain cases (prevalence 17.6%) were responsible for 149.1 million lost workdays; 65% of cases were attributable to occupational activities. For back pain attributed to activities at work, the risk was highest for construction laborers among males (prevalence 22.6%) and nursing aides among females (18.8%). Our analyses show that back pain is a major cause of morbidity and lost production for U.S. workers and identifies previously unrecognized high risk occupations, such as carpenters, automobile mechanics, maids, janitors, and hairdressers, for future research and prevention.
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagellar dynein by an axonemal protein kinase. (1994)

Genetic, biochemical, and structural data support a model in which axonemal radial spokes regulate dynein-driven microtubule sliding in Chlamydomonas flagella. However, the molecular mechanism by which dynein activity is regulated is unknown. We describe results from three different in vitro approaches to test the hypothesis that an axonemal protein kinase inhibits dynein in spoke-deficient axonemes from Chlamydomonas flagella. First, the velocity of dynein-driven microtubule sliding in spoke-deficient mutants (pf14, pf17) was increased to wild-type level after treatment with the kinase inhibitors HA-1004 or H-7 or by the specific peptide inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) PKI(6-22)amide or N alpha-acetyl-PKI(6-22)amide. In particular, the peptide inhibitors of cAPK were very potent, stimulating half-maximal velocity at 12-15 nM. In contrast, kinase inhibitors did not affect microtubule sliding in axonemes from wild-type cells. PKI treatment of axonemes from a double mutant missing both the radial spokes and the outer row of dynein arms (pf14pf28) also increased microtubule sliding to control (pf28) velocity. Second, addition of the type-II regulatory subunit of cAPK (RII) to spoke-deficient axonemes increased microtubule sliding to wild-type velocity. Addition of 10 microM cAMP to spokeless axonemes, reconstituted with RII, reversed the effect of RII. Third, our previous studies revealed that inner dynein arms from the Chlamydomonas mutants pf28 or pf14pf28 could be extracted in high salt buffer and subsequently reconstituted onto extracted axonemes restoring original microtubule sliding activity. Inner arm dyneins isolated from PKI-treated axonemes (mutant strain pf14pf28) generated fast microtubule sliding velocities when reconstituted onto both PKI-treated or control axonemes. In contrast, dynein from control axonemes generated slow microtubule sliding velocities on either PKI-treated or control axonemes. Together, the data indicate that an endogenous axonemal cAPK-type protein kinase inhibits dynein-driven microtubule sliding in spoke-deficient axonemes. The kinase is likely to reside in close association with its substrate(s), and the substrate targets are not exclusively localized to the central pair, radial spokes, dynein regulatory complex, or outer dynein arms. The results are consistent with a model in which the radial spokes regulate dynein activity through suppression of a cAMP-mediated mechanism.
ITEM2VEC: Neural item embedding for collaborative filtering (2016)

Many Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithms are item-based in the sense that they analyze item-item relations in order to produce item similarities. Recently, several works in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) suggested to learn a latent representation of words using neural embedding algorithms. Among them, the Skip-gram with Negative Sampling (SGNS), also known as word2vec, was shown to provide state-of-the-art results on various linguistics tasks. In this paper, we show that item-based CF can be cast in the same framework of neural word embedding. Inspired by SGNS, we describe a method we name item2vec for item-based CF that produces embedding for items in a latent space. The method is capable of inferring item-item relations even when user information is not available. We present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the item2vec method and show it is competitive with SVD.
Advanced Glycation End Product-Mediated Matrix Metallo-proteinase-9 and Apoptosis via Renin-Angiotensin System in Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

The present study shows that AGE/RAGE-related MMP-9 expression and apoptosis were correlated with ACE expression in diabetic plaques and that RAS may be involved in AGE-dependent diabetic vascular complications.
Harbor detection in remote sensing images based on feature fusion (2012)

Harbor detection technology for remote sensing images has an important effect in military and civil affairs. By analyzing harbor's prior knowledge, this paper proposes a harbor detection method of remote sensing images by fusing the geometry geographical features and jetty features. Firstly, geometry geographical information and jetty information are extracted separately from the sea-land segmented remote sensing images by scanning according to harbor's prior knowledge. Secondly, jetties are merged or abandoned intelligently by fusing the two information based on their logical relativity. Lastly, identify the jetties and exactly locates the harbor target. By Comparing with Chen's harbor detection algorithm, our method can make a more complete jetty scan and exact location, and then whole harbor information can be obtained. Also our method does not need to set the distance threshold to merge or abandon jetties, and thus is more general.
Resolving ten MVNO issues with EPS architecture, VoLTE and advanced policy server (2011)

The numbers of MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) are growing globally, but so do their operational and business issues. This paper identifies these issues and looks for remedies via the new 4G architecture and interfaces. The paper examines the ‘Full’ MVNO model as a ‘Home’ network in a pseudo roaming scenario (National Roaming), allowing MVNO to connect to multiple MNOs through the discovery and selection process, and to benefit from the access agnostic nature of EPS (Enhanced Packet System). Greater MVNO independence can resolve many of the MVNO's underlying issues, e.g. launching services and variable charging that are enabled by IMS Voice and non-Voice. Other persisting issues are solved by the MVNO defining user centric policies that are conveyed to the MNO transport network through new interfaces for the Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF). Particular issues can be resolved by integrating the User Data Repository (UDR) with policies and charging rules. MVNO also need to support the value chain via ‘Sponsored Data’ from service/content providers and receive Traffic Detection Function (TDF) reports on user context and behaviour. This paper argues that these features strengthen the Full MVNO position in the layered business model in EPS, and that the identified issues are substantially alleviated.
Regulation of Angiogenesis in the Primate Endometrium: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2009)

Unlike other tissues, endometrial vessels are unique because their functions are primarily orchestrated under the influence of ovarian steroid hormones, estradiol and progesterone. Although there is controversy in the literature on the expression of steroid hormone receptors in endometrial endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, it is believed that the actions of estradiol and progesterone are primarily mediated by paracrine interactions between the vascular and other cells of the endometrium. However, the regulatory mechanisms and local factors involved in mediating these paracrine interactions are not fully understood. Numerous angiogenic factors have been identified and implicated in endometrial vascular development and differentiation, but their relative contribution in endometrial angiogenesis is unknown. This review primarily focuses on the current progress in understanding the roles of a prototypical angiogenic factor, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the primate endometrium. Regulation of VEGF and its receptors in the endometrium appears to be highly complex, regulated by both steroid hormones as well as local factors independent of steroid hormones. The zone-specific and the cell-type specific expression of VEGF and its receptors in the endometrium suggest that steroid hormones likely regulate their expression through local cell-specific regulatory factors, rather than through direct gene transcription. Because VEGF receptors are expressed in both endothelial and nonendothelial cells, VEGF may have a pleiotropic role in this tissue. Recent development of highly potent VEGF inhibitors provides an opportunity to study the roles of VEGF in the primate endometrium. It is imperative that future studies focus on understanding specific roles of VEGF using these inhibitors, which is critically needed for development of new therapeutic strategies for numerous endometrial vascular disorders.
Designing Structural Motifs for Clickamers: Exploiting the 1,2,3‐Triazole Moiety to Generate Conformationally Restricted Molecular Architectures (2010)

Noncovalent interactions, especially hydrogen-bonding interactions as well as electrostatic forces, confined within one macromolecule are the key to designing foldamers that adopt well-defined conformations in solution. In the context of significant recent activities in the area of triazole-connected foldamers, so-called clickamers, we present a fundamental study that compares various model compounds that bear adjacent N-, O-, or F-heteroatom substituents. The interplay of attractive and repulsive interactions leads to rotational constraints around the single bonds attached to both the 1- and 4-positions of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety and should therefore be able to induce well-defined conformational preferences in higher oligomers and polymers, that is, foldamers. Various compounds were synthesized and characterized with regard to their preferred conformations in all three aggregation states--that is, in the gas phase, in solution as well as in the solid state--by employing DFT calculations, NMR spectroscopic experiments, and X-ray crystallography, respectively. On the basis of the thus-obtained general understanding of the conformational behavior of the individual connection motifs, heterostructures were prepared from different motifs without affecting their distinct folding characteristics. Therefore, this work provides a kind of foldamer construction kit, which should enable the design of various clickamers with specific shape and incorporated functionality.
Association of uplink power control and base station assignment in cellular CDMA systems (2002)

In a wireless CDMA network a mobile is classically connected to the base station with the best received power level (R/spl times/L). The association (or the integration) of base station assignment with power control allows a given network to have better achievable performance. We investigate the association of base station assignment and power control in order to study the best achievable signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) behaviour. The existence of a feasible solution to the quality constraints problem, along with the choice of the base station assignment in order to have the minimal sum of transmitted powers, are discussed. This is done for a unique SIR target and for a multi-target environment. We also address two problems: the base station assignment as a function of network quality targets and best achievable performance which is represented by the highest achievable SIR for every possible BS assignment vector. This last value is computed with less computations than when it is directly calculated. Simulations show that appropriate base station assignment may give interesting capacity gains, especially for non-uniform distributions.
Multiple pulsing and harmonic mode-locking in an all-normal-dispersion Nd:GdVO<sub>4</sub>laser using a nonlinear mirror (2010)

Harmonic mode-locking (HML) in a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser was experimentally demonstrated by nonlinear mirror mode-locking (NLM-ML) using a KTP crystal and a dichroic output coupler (OC). By varying the distance between the KTP and the OC, fifth-order HML was demonstrated to generate picosecond pulses with a repetition rate of 576 MHz and supermode suppression larger than 30 dB. Group velocity mismatch between the fundamental wave and second-harmonic wave as well as cascaded second-order nonlinearity in KTP was recognized as the reason for pulse splitting. Transient depletion and recovery gain dynamics acted to push the adjacent split pulses into either equal or unequal spacing, resulting in either HML or multiple pulsing.
Resistance to insecticides in Heliothine Lepidoptera: a global view (1998)

The status of resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, cyclodiene and pyrethroid insecticides in the heliothine Lepidoptera is reviewed. In particular, resistance in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens , and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea , from the New World, and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera , from the Old World, are considered in detail. Particular emphasis has been placed on resistance to the most widely used of these insecticide groups, the pyrethroids. In each case, the incidence and current status of resistance are considered before a detailed view of the mechanisms of resistance is given. Controversial issues regarding the nature of mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides are discussed. The implications for resistance management are considered.
Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma: a report of 84 cases (2014)

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods From January 2009 to January 2011,84 patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma received laparoscopic hepatectomy at the Southwest Hospital,and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Lesions were located at the left lobe in 12 cases,left lateral lobe in 9 cases,right lobe in 3 cases,right posterior lobe in 11 cases,right anterior lobe in 11 cases,segment Ⅴ in 8 cases,segment Ⅵ in 6 cases,segment Ⅶ in 6 cases,segment Ⅴ/Ⅵ in 8 cases,segment Ⅶ/Ⅷ in 4 cases,segment Ⅳ in 5 cases and segment Ⅰ in 1 case.According to the results of preoperative ultrasonography,the tumor diameter ranged between 5.1-6.0 cm in46 cases,6.1-7.0 cm in 12 cases,7.1-8.0 cm in9 cases,8.1-9.0 cm in7 cases,9.1-10.0 cm in 10 cases.Anatomical or non-anatomical hepatectomy was performed according to the results of preoperative assessment and operative exploration.Abdominal imaging examination and serologic examination were done once every 3 months at postoperative year 1,once every 4 months at postoperative year 2,once every 6 months at postoperative year 3.The follow-up ended in January 2014.The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Eight patients were converted to laparotomy,and the rate of conversion to laparotomy was 9.5％ (8/84).Seventy-six patients received laparoscopic hepatectomy,including 30 patients received anatomical hepatectomy and 54 received non-anatomical hepatectomy.The operation time,volume of blood loss,perioperative blood transfusion rate,tumor diameter,resection margin,time for gastriontestinal function recovery,duration of postoperative hospital stay,incidence of postoperative complications were (240 ± 132) minutes,(432 ± 340) mL,10.7％ (9/84),(6.5±1.5)cm,(1.6±0.9)cm,(3.0±0.5)days,(11 ±3)days and 19.0％(16/84),respectively.All thepatients were comfirmed with HCC including 18 cases of high differentiated HCC,57 cases of moderate differentiated HCC and 9 cases of low differentiated HCC.One patient died perioperatively.Eighty-three patients were followed up for 2-48 months,the median follow-up time was 24 months,and the overall 1-and 3-year survival rates and the 1-and 3-year tumor-free survival rates were 91％,80％,70％ and 56％,respectively.Conclusion Laparoscopic hcpatcctomy is safe and feasible for selected patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma.

Key words: 
Liver neoplasms ;  Laparoscopy ;  Hepatectomy
Isolating Tryptophan Regulatory Mutants in<i>Escherichia coli</i>by Using a<i>trp-lac</i>Fusion Strain (1972)

A trp-lac fusion strain of Escherichia coli in which the lac structural genes are part of the tryptophan operon has been used to isolate trp regulatory mutants. This was accomplished by isolating lac(+) colonies on either lactose-minimal agar or lactose-MacConkey indicator agar. Seventy-seven of 78 lac(+) isolates contained mutations which mapped near the ara locus and most of these isolates were found to be 5-methyltryptophan-resistant after introduction of an F-trp episome. The lac(+) phenotypes of these 77 isolates were therefore probably the result of trpR(-) mutations. The one remaining isolate carried a mutation which was not part of the trp regulatory system.
Cabling: The Complete Guide to Copper and Fiber-Optic Networking (2009)

Develop the skills you need to design and build a reliable, cost-effective cabling infrastructureFully updated for the growing?demand of fiber optics for large-scale communications networks and telecommunication standards, this new edition is organized into two parts. Part I covers LAN Networks and Cabling Systems offers comprehensive coverage on current cabling methodologies and is updated to the latest industry standards. Part II addresses Fiber-Optic Cabling and Components probes deeper into fiber optics, and can be used to prepare for the Fiber Optics Installer (FOI) and/or Fiber Optics Technician (FOT) certifications, two of the Electronic Technician's Association's leading certifications.Explains why cutting corners is a bad ideaWalks you through the obstacles to high-speed data transferEncourages you to follow the golden rules of cablingThis new edition is the only book you need for current cabling methodologies and standards.
Tensile Properties of Bristle Fibers Made from α- and β-Casein (1954)

The tensile properties of fibers made from α- and β-casein and unfractionated casein have been compared. β-Casein fiber, oriented by stretching, was considerably better than the other casein fibers, and values for its wet and dry tenacity compared favorably with corresponding values for wool. The better fiber properties of β-casein are ascribed to its molecular structure.