gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Suicide, Accidental, and Undetermined Cause of Death Classification (2014)

Suicide determination is not standardized across medical examiners, and many suspected suicides are later classified as accidental or undetermined. The present study investigated patterns between these three groups using a medical examiner database and 633 structured interviews with next of kin. There were similarities across all three classification groups, including rates of mental illness and psychiatric symptoms. Those classified suicide were more likely to be male, to have died in a violent fashion, and have a stronger family history of suicide. Chronic pain was very common across all three groups, but significantly higher in the accidental and undetermined groups.
Insights into Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata species divergence and development of genic microsatellites by transcriptomics approach (2015)

The banana species, Musa balbisiana Colla, and Musa acuminata are progenitors of cultivated banana and belong to the family Musaceae. M. balbisiana, a wild banana species harbors many useful important traits such as disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance and represents an important genetic resource for banana improvement programs. Therefore, in our study, we for the first time have produced transcriptome data from 12 different tissues of Musa balbisiana collection ‘Bee Hee Kela’ and Musa acuminata ssp. burmannicoides — ‘Calcutta-4’ separately using Illumina GA II X technology. We have done a comparative analysis of the transcriptome of these two species. The high quality reads were assembled and mapped to the DH-Pahang reference genome. A total of 9857 sequences from BB genome and a total of 4424 sequences from the AA genome had SSRs and validation was done for a few selected SSRs. We have analyzed effective number of codons, calculated Ka/Ks ratio, and overall GC and GC3 contents in the two species. In the present study a large number of gene based SSR markers developed for both Musa species will facilitate molecular marker breeding strategies, development of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: An overview1 (2007)

The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of cattle in human disease due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and to discuss features of STEC that are important in human disease. Healthy dairy and beef cattle are a major reservoir of a diverse group of STEC that infects humans through contamination of food and water, as well as through direct contact. Infection of humans by STEC may result in combinations of watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Systems of serotyping, subtyping, and virulence typing of STEC are used to aid in epidemiology, diagnosis, and pathogenesis studies. Severe disease and outbreaks of disease are most commonly due to serotype O157:H7, which, like most other highly pathogenic STEC, colonize the large intestine by means of a characteristic attaching and effacing lesion. This lesion is induced by a bacterial type III secretion system that injects effector proteins into the intestinal epithelial cell, resulting in profound changes in the architecture and metabolism of the host cell and intimate adherence of the bacteria. Severe disease in the form of bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic uremic syndrome is attributable to Shiga toxin (Stx), which exists as 2 major types, Stx1 and Stx2. The stx genes are encoded on temperate bacteriophages in the chromosome of the bacteria, and production and release of the toxin are highly dependent on induction of the phages. Regulation of the genes involved in induction of the attaching and effacing lesion, and production of Stx is complex. In addition to these genes that are clearly implicated in virulence, there are several putative virulence factors. A major public health goal is to prevent STEC-induced disease in humans. Studies aimed at understanding factors that affect carriage and shedding of STEC by cattle and factors that contribute to development of disease in humans are considered to be important in achieving this objective.
Specificity, polyspecificity, and heterospecificity of antibody‐antigen recognition (2014)

The concept of antibody specificity is analyzed and shown to reside in the ability of an antibody to discriminate between two antigens. Initially, antibody specificity was attributed to sequence differences in complementarity determining regions (CDRs), but as increasing numbers of crystallographic antibody-antigen complexes were elucidated, specificity was analyzed in terms of six antigen-binding regions (ABRs) that only roughly correspond to CDRs. It was found that each ABR differs significantly in its amino acid composition and tends to bind different types of amino acids at the surface of proteins. In spite of these differences, the combined preference of the six ABRs does not allow epitopes to be distinguished from the rest of the protein surface. These findings explain the poor success of past and newly proposed methods for predicting protein epitopes. Antibody polyspecificity refers to the ability of one antibody to bind a large variety of epitopes in different antigens, and this property explains how the immune system develops an antibody repertoire that is able to recognize every antigen the system is likely to encounter. Antibody heterospecificity arises when an antibody reacts better with another antigen than with the one used to raise the antibody. As a result, an antibody may sometimes appear to have been elicited by an antigen with which it is unable to react. The implications of antibody polyspecificity and heterospecificity in vaccine development are pointed out.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and CD80 Modulate CD28 Expression through a Similar Mechanism of T-cell Receptor-independent Inhibition of Transcription (2004)

Replicative senescence of human T cells is characterized by the loss of CD28 expression, exemplified by the clonal expansion of CD28(null) T cells during repeated stimulation in vitro as well as in chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases and in the normal course of aging. Because CD28 is the major costimulatory receptor for the induction of T cell-mediated immunity, the mechanism(s) underlying CD28 loss is of paramount interest. Current models of replicative senescence involve protracted procedures to generate CD28(null) cells from CD28(+) precursors; hence, a T-cell line model was used to examine the dynamics of CD28 expression. Here, we show the versatility of the JT and Jtag cell lines in tracking CD28(null) <--> CD28(hi) phenotypic transitions. JT and Jtag cells were CD28(null) and CD28(lo), respectively, but expressed high levels of CD28 when exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This was a result of the reconstitution of the CD28 gene transcriptional initiator (INR). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduced CD28 expression because of the inhibition of INR-driven transcription. Ligation of CD28 by an antibody or by CD80 also down-regulated CD28 transcription through the same mechanism, providing evidence that CD28 can generate a T cell receptor-independent signal with a unique biological outcome. Collectively, these data unequivocally demonstrate the critical role of the INR in the regulation of CD28 expression. T cell lines with transient expression of CD28 are invaluable in the dissection of the biochemical processes involved in the transactivation of the CD28 INR, the silencing of which is a key event in the ontogenesis of senescent T cells.
Synthetic Approaches to Quinoxaline Antibiotics. Synthesis of Bisquinoxaloyl Derivatives<sup>1a</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Approaches to Quinoxaline Antibiotics. Synthesis of Bisquinoxaloyl Derivatives1aHenry C. Koppel, Irwin L. Honigberg, Robert H. Springer, and C. C. ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1119–1122Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a063https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Video steganography for confidential documents (2008)

The safety of communication in organizations is a very important issue. It is about confidentiality, integrity and authentication during access or editing of confidential internal documents. A non-conventional means to increase security is the use of steganography to hide documents in digital videos, which makes possible to hide higher amounts of information and documents than steganography in images. In this work, we present a steganography technique using MPEG-4 videos aiming to increase documents secrecy. We also propose an architecture for version control of collaborative documents using encryption techniques, together with steganography, providing authentication and electronic documents integrity.
Molecular taxonomy of the yeasts (1994)

The term 'yeast' is often taken as a synonym for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the phylogenetic diversity of yeasts is illustrated by their assignment to two taxonomic classes of fungi, the ascomycetes and the basidiomycetes. Subdivision of taxa within their respective classes is usually made from comparisons of morphological and physiological features whose genetic basis is often unknown. Application of molecular comparisons to questions in yeast classification offers an unprecedented opportunity to re-evaluate current taxonomic schemes from the perspective of quantitative genetic differences. This review examines the impact of molecular comparisons, notably rRNA/rDNA sequence divergence, on the current phenotypically defined classification of yeasts. Principal findings include: 1) budding ascomycetous yeasts are monophyletic and represent a sister group to the filamentous ascomycetes, 2) fission yeasts are ancestral to budding and filamentous ascomycetes, 3) the molecular phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts is generally congruent with type of hyphal septum, presence or absence of teliospores in the sexual state, and occurrence of cellular xylose.
Regulation of the expression of the inflammatory nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) by cyclic AMP (1999)

The enzyme nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), often called inducible NOS, plays a central role in the inflammatory reactions that follow infection or tissue damage. NOS2 has been detected in virtually every cell type, and the NO it produces can perform both beneficial and detrimental actions. It is thus conceivable that regulatory mechanisms exist which control the timing and intensity of NO production by NOS2 in order to outweigh protective effects against detrimental ones. Since cyclic AMP inhibits numerous immunological reactions, studies have been carried out to determine whether cAMP-dependent pathways could inhibit NOS2 expression as well. Pharmacological studies in cultured cells show that, depending on the cell type examined, increased cAMP can exert opposite effects on the endotoxin- or cytokine-induced expression of NOS2, being either stimulatory or inhibitory in macrophages, stimulatory in adipocytes, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and brain endothelial cells, and inhibitory in pancreatic, liver, and brain glial cells. Regulation of NOS2 gene transcription appears to be the primary mechanism of action of cAMP, and whether it is stimulatory or inhibitory hinges on the cell-specific regulation of transcription factors including CREB, NF-kappaB, and C/EBP. Cyclic AMP must therefore be considered a modulator rather than a suppressor of NOS2 expression. This review summarizes evidence derived from in vitro studies, considers regulation of NOS2 by cAMP in vivo, and discusses possible therapeutic applications of cAMP treatment.-Galea, E., Feinstein, D. L. Regulation of the expression of the inflammatory nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) by cyclic AMP.
Miscibility phenomena in polyester/chlorinated polymer blends (1982)

Abstract Poly(caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends are known to be miscible in the solid state. Recents measurements however indicate that a large number of polyesters are also miscible with PVC if the ratio CH 2 /CO of the polyester is between 4 and 10. At low CH 2 /CO ratios, polyesters are too rigid to interact specifically with PVC. At high CH 2 /CO ratios, the number of interacting groups becomes too small to give miscibility. Similarly, a large number of chlorinated polymers are shown to be miscible with PCL if their chlorine content is high enough. Surprisingly, polyesters are not in general miscible with chlorinated polymers if the mixture does not contain either PCL or PVC. The results presented in this paper suggest that a dipole‐dipole interaction, between the carbonyl groups and the C‐Cl groups, is responsible for the miscibility phenomena observed in polyester/chlorinated polymer blends.
Laser Intrastromal Keratoplasty-Case Report (2004)

Laser intrastroma keratoplasty may be an option for correcting high hyperopa and irregular astigmatism in eyes with a thin corneal bed.
Design and Characterization of Purely Textile Patch Antennas (2006)

In this paper, we present four purely textile patch antennas for Bluetooth applications in wearable computing using the frequency range around 2.4 GHz. The textile materials and the planar antenna shape provide a smooth integration into clothing while preserving the typical properties of textiles. The four antennas differ in the deployed materials and in the antenna polarization, but all of them feature a microstrip line as antenna feed. We have developed a manufacturing process that guarantees unaffected electrical behavior of the individual materials when composed to an antenna. Thus, the conductive textiles possess a sheet resistance of less than 1Omega/squarein order to keep losses at a minimum. The process also satisfies our requirements in terms of accuracy meeting the Bluetooth specifications. Our investigations not only characterize the performance of the antennas in planar shape, but also under defined bending conditions that resemble those of a worn garment. We show that the antennas can withstand clothing bends down to a radius of 37.5 mm without violating specifications
Quantitative trait loci for resistance to fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in Wangshuibai wheat under field conditions (2006)

Wangshuibai is a Chinese landrace wheat with a high level of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Using an F7 population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Wangshuibai and Annong 8455 for molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance, the proportion of scabbed spikelets (PSS) and DON content were assessed under field conditions. Composite interval mapping revealed that two and three QTL were significantly associated with low PSS and low DON content, respectively, over 2 years. QTL on chromosomes 3B and 2A explained 17 and 11·5%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low PSS, whereas QTL on chromosomes 5A, 2A and 3B explained 12·4, 8·5 and 6·2%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low DON content. The 3B QTL appeared to be associated mainly with low PSS, and the 5A QTL primarily with low DON content in Wangshuibai. The 2A QTL had minor effects on both low PSS and DON content. Microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to these QTL should be useful for marker‐assisted selection of QTL for low PSS and low DNA content from Wangshuibai.
Gatekeepers of the Nucleus (2000)

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form the site for entry and exit from the nucleus. A convergence of studies have defined the physical framework for the nuclear transport mechanism. This includes definition of the soluble transport machinery required for protein and RNA movement, x-ray structure analysis of transport factors, definitive compositional analysis of yeast NPCs, and documentation of the relative steady state arrangement of NPC components within the portal. With this information, researchers are now in the exciting position to examine the dynamic interplay between shuttling transport factors and the static pore complex.
General secretion signal for the mycobacterial type VII secretion pathway (2012)

Mycobacterial pathogens use specialized type VII secretion (T7S) systems to transport crucial virulence factors across their unusual cell envelope into infected host cells. These virulence factors lack classical secretion signals and the mechanism of substrate recognition is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that the model T7S substrates PE25/PPE41, which form a heterodimer, are targeted to the T7S pathway ESX-5 by a signal located in the C terminus of PE25. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues within this C terminus resulted in the identification of a highly conserved motif, i.e., YxxxD/E, which is required for secretion. This motif was also essential for the secretion of LipY, another ESX-5 substrate. Pathogenic mycobacteria have several different T7S systems and we identified a PE protein that is secreted by the ESX-1 system, which allowed us to compare substrate recognition of these two T7S systems. Surprisingly, this ESX-1 substrate contained a C-terminal signal functionally equivalent to that of PE25. Exchange of these C-terminal secretion signals between the PE proteins restored secretion, but each PE protein remained secreted via its own ESX secretion system, indicating that an additional signal(s) provides system specificity. Remarkably, the YxxxD/E motif was also present in and required for efficient secretion of the ESX-1 substrates CFP-10 and EspB. Therefore, our data show that the YxxxD/E motif is a general secretion signal that is present in all known mycobacterial T7S substrates or substrate complexes.
Comprehensive features based digital modulation identification using a neural tree network (2005)

A neural tree network (NTN) based automatic digital modulation identification method is demonstrated for 13 types of digital modulation using comprehensive features, including power spectral features, cyclic spectral features and high-order cumulant features. The NTN is a self-organizing, hierarchical classifier implementing a sequential linear strategy and requiring no statistical analysis of the features. Experiments show that these modulations can be recognized at a SNR of 5 dB in AWGN, and this method also works well for frequency modulations and some amplitude-phase modulations in multipath environments.
Multidose/Observational, Comparative Clinical Analgetic Evaluation of Buprenorphine (1981)

Ninety-eight patients completed a double-blind, multidose, randomized parallel study in which buprenorphine (Temgesic) was compared to morphine. Drugs were administered at approximately equipotent intramuscular doses for a maximum of three days for the relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain. The two drugs exhibited similar profiles with pain relief evident at 1/2 hour, peaking at 1 hour, and decreasing to slight relief at 4-5 hours, with no significant differences for time to remedication. The most frequent side effect was somnolence. One patient suffered sudden chest pain shortly after an injection of morphine, and one patient had moderate hypoventilation after buprenorphine; both patients recovered uneventfully. Overall, both drugs provided good or excellent analgesia in 80 per cent of the patients in this unique multidose/observational study. Thus, these data and the reported lack of withdrawal symptoms and the absence of physical dependence liability suggest that buprenorphine may have a role in the management of chronic pain.
Highly Conductive Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Based Electrodes Decorated by 3D Graphene and 1D Silver Nanowire for Flexible Supercapacitor (2013)

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) is considered one of the most promising materials for electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) given its low‐cost, high specific surface area, and easily accessed ordered pore channels. However, pristine OMC electrode suffers from poor electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility, whose specific capacitance and cycling stability is unsatisfactory in flexible devices. In this work, OMC is coated on the surface of highly conductive three‐dimensional graphene foam, serving as both charge collector and flexible substrate. Upon further decoration with silver nanowires (Ag NWs), the novel architecture of Ag NWs/3D‐graphene foam/OMC (Ag‐GF‐OMC) exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity (up to 762 S cm −1 ) and mechanical robustness. The Ag‐GF‐OMC electrodes in flexible supercapacitors reach a specific capacitance as high as 213 F g −1 , a value five‐fold higher than that of the pristine OMC electrode. Moreover, these flexible electrodes also exhibit excellent long‐term stability with >90% capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles, as well as high energy and power density (4.5 Wh kg −1 and 5040 W kg −1 , respectively). This study provides a new procedure to enhance the device performance of OMC based supercapacitors, which is a promising candidate for the application of flexible energy storage devices.
A Java embedded micro-kernel infrastructure (2002)

This abstract summarizes the key ideas of the Java Embedded Micro-kernel (JEM) infrastructure that is capable of dynamically loading service modules at runtime onto devices with limited system resources.
Observations on the Technic of Uretero-Enterostomy (1928)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 May 1928Observations on the Technic of Uretero-Enterostomy1 George Gilbert Smith George Gilbert SmithGeorge Gilbert Smith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)73242-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1928 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByFerris D and Priestley J (2018) Total Cystectomy in the Treatment of Vesical CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 60, NO. 1, (98-106), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1948. Volume 19Issue 5May 1928Page: 583-590 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1928 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information George Gilbert Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
An ancestral HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency virus peptide with potent HIV-1 and HIV-2 fusion inhibitor activity (2013)

P3 is an HIV-2/SIV ancestral peptide with low antigenicity, high stability, and potent activity against both HIV-1, including variants resistant to T-20, and HIV-2. Similar evolutionary biology strategies should be explored to enhance the production of antiviral peptide drugs, microbicides, and vaccines.