gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology independent circuit sizing for fundamental analog circuits using artificial neural networks (2008)

This study introduces technology independent neural network modeling for fundamental blocks of analog integrated circuits. The circuits modeled here are basic current mirror structures and a differential amplifier which serves as the input stage to most op-amps. Here if a designer defines the output specifications of the circuit, the neural network gives the channel widths (W) of all transistors in the circuit. It must be noted that the neural network in this novel approach is trained with the database including simulations using 1.5 mum, 0.5 mum, 0.35 mum and 0.25 mum technology SPICE parameters and the test data is constituted with simulations using only 0.18 mum technology SPICE parameters which are not applied to the neural network for training beforehand. This shows that neural network is able to give the transistor sizes of circuit for a new unknown technology, independent on the SPICE parameters. As artificial neural network (ANN) structures, General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) having back propagation algorithm are used. Using new channel widths and lengths obtained from neural networkpsilas output, SPICE simulations of current mirrors and differential amplifier give the desired circuit output specifications for new technology.
冬小麦材料抗俄罗斯麦蚜（RWA）基因的遗传方式和等位性研究 (1996)

通过对多个冬小麦材料抗俄罗斯麦蚜基因的遗传方式和等位位的研究，为在抗蚜育种上充分合理地利用这些抗蚜材料提供了理论参考。研究结果：ＰＩ１３７７３９，ＰＩ２６２６６０，ＰＩ２６２６０５，ＰＩ３７２１２９，Ｐ１２４３７８１的抗蚜基因是显民生单基因，且ＰＩ１３７７３９，ＰＩ２６２６６０，ＰＩ２６２６０５的抗蚜基因等位，否定了１９８９年由Ｄｕ Ｔｏｉｔ报道的ＰＩ１３７７９３，ＰＩ２６２６６０的抗蚜基因不等位
Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) star polymers (1994)

Abstract Star‐branched poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMA) were synthesized by linking ‘living’ arms (produced by anionic polymerzation) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Stars having arm molecular weights of 10000 and 40000 and between 4.9 and 18.7 branches were produced. The polymers were characterized using light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, and viscometry. It was found that well‐defined PMMA stars were obtained only at the higher (40000) arm molecular weight. The stars prepared using the lower molecular weight ( c . 10000) arms contained very high molecular weight gel components.
Unprecedented bistability domain and interplay between spin crossover and polymorphism in a mononuclear iron(ii) complex (2013)

A mononuclear complex, [FeL2](BF4)2·xH2O (1LS·xH2O), where L is 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine, can be converted into several phases showing different spin crossover regimes. In the first heating 1LS·xH2O loses water molecules and converts into a mixture of two high spin phases, 1A/HS and 1C/HS. Further cycling produces the low spin phase 1A/LS. The transition 1A/LS ↔ 1A/HS is accompanied by a 130 K wide hysteresis loop (Tc↑ = 490 K, Tc↓ = 360 K). Annealing the complex 1LS·xH2O at 500 K yields a high spin phase 1C/HS. The phase 1C/HS undergoes spin conversion to the corresponding low spin phase 1C/LS on cooling, T1/2 ≈ 320 K. Dehydration of 1LS·xH2O at 370 or 400 K yields a certain low spin phase, 1X/LS, which irreversibly transforms into a high spin phase 1B/HS, which, in turn, reversibly transforms to the low spin phase 1B/LS on cooling, T1/2 ≈ 320 K.
The Role of Interference and Task Similarity on the Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer of Simple Motor Skills (1991)

The aim of the present study was to determine if two levels of task similarity influenced acquisition, retention, and transfer performance of three simple motor skills. Sixty right-handed subjects were randomly assigned to one of five (n = 12) experimental conditions. Each subject performed 72 trials during acquisition. Twenty-four trials were recorded for each movement task. Following a 5-min unfilled retention interval, subjects performed 4 trials on each task before completing 12 transfer trials of a novel movement. Contextual interference effects for acquisition and retention were supported for low but not high similarity tasks. Further, the results suggest that a different memory representation exists for high and low similarity tasks.
Essential oils as spatial repellents for the brown marmorated stink bug, <i><scp>H</scp>alyomorpha halys</i> (<scp>S</scp>tål) (<scp>H</scp>emiptera: <scp>P</scp>entatomidae) (2013)

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug ( BMSB ), H alyomorpha halys ( S tål), native to N ortheastern A sia, is a serious invasive pest in the U nited S tates, C anada, S witzerland, G ermany and F rance. Several common essential oils and their compositions were tested against BMSB s as potential repellents. All the tested individual essential oils and a ternary oil blend showed significant repellency to both BMSB nymphs and adults. Clove oil, lemongrass oil, spearmint oil, ylang‐ylang oil, and the ternary oil mixture (clove, lemongrass and spearmint) almost completely blocked attraction of BMSB s to the stink bug attractant‐baited traps; whereas wintergreen oil, geranium oil, pennyroyal oil and rosemary oil resulted in 60–85% trap catch reductions. Over 20 BMSB antennally active compounds were identified from SPME headspace samples of the eight repellent essential oils using GC ‐ EAD and GC ‐ MS techniques. Among the synthetic EAD ‐active compounds tested in the field, eugenol, l ‐carvone, p/l ‐menthone, pulegone, methyl salicylate, trans / cis ‐citral, methyl benzoate and β ‐caryophyllene significantly reduced trap catches of BMSB s by 72–99%; these compounds are likely responsible for the repellency of their corresponding essential oils. Surprisingly, a synthetic mixture of the predacious spined soldier bug ( SSB ) [ P odisus maculiventris (Say)] aggregation pheromone ( trans ‐2‐hexenal, α ‐terpineol and benzyl alcohol) also showed a significant inhibition of BMSB response to its attractants. These repellent essential oils and their active compounds, as well as the synthetic SSB pheromone, are potentially useful as part of an efficient, environmentally sound semiochemical‐based IPM programme to combat this serious invasive stink bug.
Coatings (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoatingsGeorge G. Esposito and Martha L. AdamsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 5, 38–42Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60355a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60355a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Function of Region I and II Adhesive Motifs ofPlasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein in Sporozoite Motility and Infectivity (2002)

The circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum contains two conserved motifs (regions I and II) that have been proposed to interact with mosquito and vertebrate host molecules in the process of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands and hepatocytes, respectively. To study the function of this protein we have replaced the endogenous circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium berghei with that of P. falciparum and with versions lacking either region I or region II. We show here that P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein functions in rodent parasite and that P. berghei sporozoites carrying the P. falciparum CS gene develop normally, are motile, invade mosquito salivary glands, and infect the vertebrate host. Region I-deficient sporozoites showed no impairment of motility or infectivity in either vector or vertebrate host. Disruption of region II abolished sporozoite motility and dramatically impaired their ability to invade mosquito salivary glands and infect the vertebrate host. These data shed new light on the role of the CS protein in sporozoite motility and infectivity.
Determination of Carbonyl Groups in Oxidized Proteins (2003)

There now exists a bewildering array of biological processes in which free radicals have been implicated (), and we assume that enzymes and structural proteins may be attacked whenever free radicals are generated. As a consequence, oxidative modification of proteins may occur in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Although the distinction is sometimes arbitrary, these modifications may be primary or secondary. Primary modifications occur in metal-catalyzed oxidation, in radiation-mediated oxidation, and in oxidation by ozone or oxides of nitrogen. Secondary modifications occur when proteins are modified by molecules generated by oxidation of other molecules. One important example is the covalent modification of proteins by hydroxynonenal produced by oxidation of lipids (, see also, Chapter 3 of this volume).
Squeezed states of light from an optical parametric oscillator (1987)

Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field are generated by degenerate parametric downconversion in a sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator. Reductions in photocurrent noise greater than 60% (−4 dB) below the limit set by the vacuum fluctuations of the field are observed in a balanced homodyne detector. A quantitative comparison with theory suggests that the observed noise reductions result from a field that in the absence of avoidable linear attenuation would be squeezed more than tenfold. A degree of squeezing of approximately fivefold is inferred for the actual field emitted through one mirror of the optical parametric oscillator. An explicit demonstration of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the electromagnetic field is made from the measurements, which show that the field state produced by the downconversion process is a state of minimum uncertainty.
The brown adipocyte protein CIDEA promotes lipid droplet fusion via a phosphatidic acid-binding amphipathic helix (2015)

Maintenance of energy homeostasis depends on the highly regulated storage and release of triacylglycerol primarily in adipose tissue, and excessive storage is a feature of common metabolic disorders. CIDEA is a lipid droplet (LD)-protein enriched in brown adipocytes promoting the enlargement of LDs, which are dynamic, ubiquitous organelles specialized for storing neutral lipids. We demonstrate an essential role in this process for an amphipathic helix in CIDEA, which facilitates embedding in the LD phospholipid monolayer and binds phosphatidic acid (PA). LD pairs are docked by CIDEA trans-complexes through contributions of the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal dimerization region. These complexes, enriched at the LD-LD contact site, interact with the cone-shaped phospholipid PA and likely increase phospholipid barrier permeability, promoting LD fusion by transference of lipids. This physiological process is essential in adipocyte differentiation as well as serving to facilitate the tight coupling of lipolysis and lipogenesis in activated brown fat.
<i>In situ</i>STM studies of Cu underpotential deposition on Au(100) in the presence of sulfate and chloride anions (1995)

The influence of anions on the underpotential deposition of Cu on Au(100) electrode surfaces has been investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. In pure ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$-containing ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}$ solution a (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) lattice is observed in the entire potential range and interpreted in terms of an increasing population of the energetically most favorable lattice sites by mobile Cu adatoms with weakly repulsive interactions. In the presence of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ anions a one-dimensionally incommensurate (n\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) structure is formed, coincident with a sharp peak in the current-potential curve. In this structure the adatoms are arranged in a quasihexagonal pattern with a spacing of 3.6 to 4.4 \AA{}, which is close to the diameter of the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion. The difference in the observed adsorption behavior corresponds well to the different shape of the corresponding electrochemical current-potential curves.
Rapid Ventricular Pacing in a Pacemaker Patient Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1998)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates potent electromagnetic forces in the form of a static, gradient, or pulsed radiofrequency magnetic field that can result in pacemaker malfunction. This report documents a case of rapid cardiac pacing during MRI in a patient with a dual chamber pacemaker. Although the mechanism of rapid cardiac pacing is unclear, it was directly related to radiofrequency pulsing. We postulated that the lead acts as an antenna for radiofrequency energy that interacts with the pacemaker's output circuit, thus, causing cardiac pacing at a cycle length representing a multiple of the repetition time; or perhaps rapid pacing is related to induced currents generated between the MRI unit and the pacing lead.
Gas-phase proton transfer reactions involving multiply charged cytochrome <i>c</i> ions and water under thermal conditions (1992)

Investigations of gas-phase proton transfer reactions have been performed on protein molecular ions generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). Their reactions were studied in a heated capillary inlet/reactor prior to expansion into a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Results from investigations involving protonated horse heart cytochrome c and H, O suggest that Coulombit effects can lower reaction barriers as well as aid in entropically driven reactions. For example, the charge state distribution observed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer for multiply protonated cytochrome c without the addition of any reactive gas ranges from 9+ to 19+ , with the [M + 15H](15+) ion being the most intense peak. With the addition of H2O (proton affinity approximately 170.3±2 kcal/mol) to the capillary reactor at 120°C, the charge state distribution shifts to a lower charge, ranging from 13+ to less than 9+. Under the same conditions with argon (proton affinity approximately 100 kcal/mol) as the reactive gas, no shift in the charge state distribution is observed. The results demonstrate that proton transfer to water can occur for highly protonated molecular ions, a process that would be expected to be highly endothermic for singly protonated molecules (for which Coulombic destabilization is not significant). The results imply that the charge state distribution from ESI is somewhat dependent upon the mechanism and speed of the droplet evaporation/ion desolvation process, which may vary substantially with the ESI/mass spectrometry interface design.
Automated Summarization Evaluation with Basic Elements. (2006)

As part of evaluating a summary automatically, it is usual to determine how much of the contents of one or more human-produced ‘ideal ’ summaries it contains. Past automated methods such as ROUGE compare using fixed word ngrams, which are not ideal for a variety of reasons. In this paper we describe a framework in which summary evaluation measures can be instantiated and compared, and we implement a specific evaluation method using very small units of content, called Basic Elements, that address some of the shortcomings of ngrams. This method is tested on DUC 2003, 2004, and 2005 systems
Amplifying cancer vaccine responses by modifying pathogenic gene programs in tumor cells (2004)

Immunosuppressive factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-6, are made frequently by cancer cells. These factors, along with others, can inhibit the development and function of tumor-reactive effector T cells and the clinical results of cancer vaccines. Production of these factors by tumor cells is associated with disease progression and may represent an active immune surveillance escape mechanism. However, a number of factors appear to be made directly in response to signaling molecules, such as RAS, AKT, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which are activated as a result of genetic events that occur during oncogenesis. Methods to overcome the negative effects of immunosuppressive factors, which are "hard wired" into gene programs of cancer cells, might then improve the results of cancer vaccines. For example, specific blocking antibodies, which recognize such factors, or kinase inhibitors, which block the signaling pathways that lead to their production, could potentially be used as vaccine adjuvants. The effects of immunosuppressive factors may also be "turned off" by cytokines with tumor suppressor properties. The enhanced clinical and immunological effects of melanoma vaccines observed after the administration of high doses of interferon-alpha2b provide a "proof of principle" in human patients, that agents which counter the gene programs of cancer cells, causing them to intrinsically resist tumor-reactive T cells, may improve significantly the efficacy of cancer vaccines.
The morphology of group Ib afferent fibre collaterals in the spinal cord of the cat. (1979)

1. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into single Ib muscle afferent fibres in anaesthetized cats. Subsequently, histochemistry allowed the morphology of the axons and their collaterals in the lumbosacral spinal cord to be determined. 2. Eleven Ib axons were stained, seven from lateral gastrocneminus-soleus, one from medial gastrocnemius and three from muscles innervated by the posterior tibial nerve. Ten of the axons were traced into the dorsal roots and all but one (from the posterior tibial nerve) bifurcated upon entering the cord. Between 5.1 and 9.9 mm of each axon was stained and the fibres gave off eighty-four collaterals at intervals of 100-2300 micron, at an average spacing of about 900 micron. The spacing between collaterals on the (finer) descending axon branches was generally less than the intervals between collaterals on ascending branches. 3. All Ib collaterals had a characteristic morphology. The collaterals coursed cranially on a direct path through the dorsal horn to lamina IV or V before branching. They arborized widely in the intermediate region, mainly in lamina VI and in the dorsal part of lamina VII. Occasionally, less extensive arborizations were seen more dorsally in lamina IV and V. The rostro-caudal extent of individual collateral arborizations was limited to 200-400 micron and there was no overlap between adjacent collaterals. Each terminal arborization gave rise to 56-384 boutons, mainly of them 'en passant' type. 4. The results are discussed in relation to previous anatomical and electrophysiological studies.
Chemokine Regulation of Neutrophil Infiltration of Skin Wounds (2014)

<b>Significance:</b> Efficient recruitment of neutrophils to an injured skin lesion is an important innate immune response for wound repair. Defects in neutrophil recruitment lead to impaired wound healing. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Chemokines and chemokine receptors are known to regulate neutrophil recruitment. Recent research advances reveal more mechanistic details about the regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors on neutrophil egress from bone marrow, transmigration into the wound site, spatial navigation toward the necrotic skin tissue, and apoptosis-induced clearance by efferocytosis. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Skin injury triggers local and systemic alterations in the expression of multiple chemotactic molecules and the magnitude of chemokine receptor-mediated signaling. The responses of a number of CXC and CX3C chemokines and their receptors closely associate with the temporal and spatial recruitment of neutrophils to wound sites during the inflammatory phase and promote the clearance of necrotic neutrophils during the transition into the proliferative phase. Functional aberrancy in these chemokines and chemokine receptor systems is recognized as one of the important mechanisms underlying the pathology of impaired wound healing. <b>Future Directions:</b> Future research should aim to investigate the therapeutic modulation of neutrophil activity through the targeting of specific chemokines or chemokine receptors in the early inflammatory phase to improve clinical management of wound healing.
Accelerator for Sparse Machine Learning (2017)

Sparse matrix by vector multiplication (SpMV) plays a pivotal role in machine learning and data mining. We propose and investigate an SpMV accelerator, specifically designed to accelerate the sparse matrix by sparse vector multiplication (SpMSpV), and to be integrated in a CPU core. We show that our accelerator outperforms a similar solution by 70x while achieving 8x higher power efficiency, which yields an estimated 29x energy reduction for SpMSpV based applications.
AlGaAs/GaAs multiquantum-well (MQW) surface-emitting laser (1989)

In the letter the lasing characteristics of a multiquantum-well surface-emitting injection laser with 100 wells at 77 K under pulsed condition is reported. The output light of the device was linearly polarised.
The use of first and second languages in education - a review of international experience (1997)

This paper summarizes the literature on the use of fist and second languages in education. The first part presents findings from basic research related to commonly held assumptions about children and language learning including: age of learning, ease of learning, and time spent learning. The second part looks at findings from programs in Haiti, Nigeria, the Philippines, Guatemala, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. The programs include immersion programs as well as bilingual education and primary school programs. The third section offers conclusions from both the basic research and the experiences presented in the second part. In summary, the authors offer recommendations for consideration by the Pacific island countries.
Anterosuperior anchoring myringoplasty technique for anterior and subtotal perforations (2004)

Anterior and subtotal tympanic perforations are difficult perforations to repair. We used the anterosuperior anchoring technique to repair 105 of those perforations. Our technique utilizes a large temporalis fascia graft using an underlay technique with due emphasis on anterosuperior anchorage. The success rates in paediatric myringoplasty for consultant solo (J.R.K.) and trainees under supervision were 100% and 85.7%, respectively. The overall success rates in adult myringoplasty for consultant solo and trainees under supervision were 93.8% and 82.4%, respectively. Analysis of the 82 successful cases showed statistically significant improvement in air conduction thresholds after myringoplasty at 500 Hz (P < 0.01), 1 kHz (P < 0.05), 2 kHz (P < 0.01) and 4 kHz (P < 0.01). Our study showed that the anterosuperior anchoring technique produced excellent results in the repair of challenging anterior and subtotal perforations in both adults and children.