gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies for in vivo Measurement of Receptor Binding Using Positron Emission Tomography (1986)

Dopaminergic ligands labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides have been synthesized for quantitative evaluation of dopaminergic binding in vivo. Two different methods, the explicit method and an operationally simplified ratio method, have been proposed for analysis of these positron emission tomographic (PET) data. The basis for both methods is the same three-compartment model. The two methods differ in the assumptions necessary for practical implementation. We have compared these two approaches using PET data obtained in our laboratory. Sequential scans and serial arterial blood samples from a baboon following intravenous injection of [18F]spiroperidol were collected. Application of the two methods to the same data yielded different values for corresponding parameters. Values calculated by the ratio method for the specific rate constant describing receptor binding varied depending upon the time after tracer injection, thus demonstrating an internal inconsistency in this approach. Tracer metabolism markedly affected the binding measurements calculated with either method and thus cannot be ignored. Our results indicate that the adoption of simplifying assumptions for operational convenience can lead to substantial errors and must be done with caution. Alternatively, we present simple new analytical solutions of the tracer conservation equations describing the complete, unsimplified three-compartment model that vastly reduce the computations necessary to implement the explicit method.
HEMODYNAMIC AND METABOLIC STUDIES ON SHOCK ASSOCIATED WITH GRAM NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA (1973)

NISHIJIMA, HIROTAKA M.D.; WEIL, MAX HARRY M.D.; SHUBIN, HERBERT M.D.; CAVANILLES, JOSE M.D. Author Information
Ion beam sputter modification of the surface morphology of biological implants (1976)

The surface chemistry and texture of materials used for biological implants may significantly influence their performance and biocompatibility. Recent interest in the microscopic control of implant surface texture has led to the evaluation of ion beam sputtering as a potentially useful surface roughening technique. Ion sources, similar to electron bombardment ion thrusters designed for propulsive applications, are used to roughen the surfaces of various biocompatible alloys or polymer materials. These materials are typically used for dental implants, orthopedic prostheses, vascular prostheses, and artificial heart components. Masking techniques and resulting surface textures are described along with progress concerning evaluation of the biological response to the ion beam sputtered surfaces.
Fabrication of membrane-type microvalves in rectangular microfluidic channels via seal photopolymerization (2010)

Rectangular fluidic channels have rarely been used in microfluidic devices which use PDMS membrane-type microvalves, since the rectangular channel shape does not perfectly match the round shape of the membrane deformation. We present a polymer sealing method to fabricate PDMS membrane-type microvalves for rectangular microchannels. After fabricating the microfluidic device, photocurable oligomer is introduced into the fluidic channel and gas pressure is applied to the pneumatic channel to deform the membrane. The polymer seal is then locally polymerized by photolithography producing a structure matching the shape of the deformed membrane curvature. We compare the flow leakage between the membrane-type microvalve with and without a polymer seal. We also demonstrate a micropump and droplet generator using this embedded polymer membrane-type microvalve in a rectangular microfluidic channel. This polymeric seal technique enables the use of easily fabricated rectangular channel membrane microvalves with all the functionality of their curved channel counterparts with negligible flow leakage.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glutamic Acid Analogues:  Substrate Specificity and Synthetic Applications of Branched Chain Aminotransferase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

A new route to α-keto acids is described, based on the ozonolysis of enol acetates obtained from\nα-substituted β-keto esters. <i>Escherichia coli</i> branched chain aminotransferase (BCAT) activity toward a\nvariety of substituted 2-oxoglutaric acids was demonstrated analytically. BCAT was shown to have a\nbroad substrate spectrum, complementary to that of aspartate aminotransferase, and to offer access to a\nvariety of glutamic acid analogues. The usefulness of BCAT was demonstrated through the synthesis of\nseveral 3- and 4-substituted derivatives.
Development of a 700 Nm chain-CVT (2002)

The aim of this project was to develop a High Torque CVT for use in large size sports utility vehicles (SUV's) or medium size trucks and buses with parallel hybrid drive systems. The CVT is used to increase the torque of the electric motor and allows the choice of a much smaller, lighter and more efficient combustion engine. In addition, it is possible to operate the combustion engine always at its ideal operation line for minimum fuel consumption. A standard CVT for this class of vehicle has not been available from the market. A custom CVT was designed for this project based upon the GCI-Chain. The design targets were: 700 Nm torque capability, high mechanical efficiency (97%) and a simple design for low production costs. A new high efficient hydraulic CVT controller was used in this CVT, showing a power consumption of only 100 Watt. Tests have shown the torque capability of this new CVT design. (orig.)
Synthesis and Characterization of Anisometric Cobalt Nanoclusters (1995)

Sonication of aqueous Co(2+) and hydrazine resulted in the formation of anisometric (disk-shaped) cobalt nanoclusters that averaged about 100 nanometers in width and 15 nanometers in thickness. Electron diffraction from single particles revealed that they were oriented (001) crystals that conformed to a trigonal or hexagonal unit cell four times the size of the cell adopted by bulk alpha-cobalt. Lorentz microscopy indicated that these were single-magnetic domain particles, with the axis of magnetization located in the (101) plane, offset at some appreciable angle from the (001) axis.
Oxygen-Deficient TiO<sub>2−δ</sub> Nanoparticles via Hydrogen Reduction for High Rate Capability Lithium Batteries (2011)

The interest of exploring environmentally benign and safe anode materials for lithium batteries has led to TiO2 (anatase) nanostructures as promising candidates. However, the poor chemical diffusion of lithium in the materials still limits the rate capability. We report on the high rate capability of lithium storage with oxygen-deficient TiO2−δ nanoparticles prepared by hydrogen reduction. A systematic study on the effect of electronic charge carrier concentration on the overall electrochemical lithium storage performance revealed that well-balanced Li+/e– transport is the key factor for high-performance TiO2 anodes.
A Novel Approach Based on MEMS‐Gyro′s Data Deep Coupling for Determining the Centroid of Star Spot (2012)

The traditional approach of star tracker for determining the centroid of spot requires enough energy and good shape, so a relatively long exposure time and stable three‐axis state become necessary conditions to maintain high accuracy, these limit its update rate and dynamic performance. In view of these issues, this paper presents an approach for determining the centroid of star spot which based on MEMS‐Gyro′s data deep coupling, it achieves the deep fusion of the data of star tracker and MEMS‐Gyro at star map level through the introduction of EKF. The trajectory predicted by using the angular velocity of three axes can be used to set the extraction window, this enhances the dynamic performance because of the accurate extraction when the satellite has angular speed. The optimal estimations of the centroid position and the drift in the output signal of MEMS‐Gyro through this approach reduce the influence of noise of the detector on accuracy of the traditional approach for determining the centroid and effectively correct the output signal of MEMS‐Gyro. At the end of this paper, feasibility of this approach is verified by simulation.
Proapoptotic BH3-Only Protein Bid Is Essential For Death Receptor–Induced Apoptosis of Pancreatic β-Cells (2008)

These results demonstrate that Bid is essential for death receptor-induced apoptosis of islets, similar to its demonstrated role in hepatocytes. This indicates that blocking Bid activity may be useful for protection of islets from immune-mediated attack and possibly also in other pathological states in which beta-cells are destroyed.
Antimicrobial N‐halamine Modified Polyethylene: Characterization, Biocidal Efficacy, Regeneration, and Stability (2014)

The food contact surface of polyethylene was modified by layer-by-layer deposition of 2 polymers, resulting in a rechargeably antimicrobial surface. Repeated exposure to chlorine regenerated its antimicrobial activity, resulting in greater than 99.999% reduction in Listeria monocytogenes. Materials were stable against repeated washing and exposure to acidic environments. These food contact materials could support current cleaning and sanitization protocols in improving food safety in the processing environment.
Trends in Recommended Illuminance Levels: An International Comparison (1999)

(1999). Trends in Recommended Illuminance Levels: An International Comparison. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 155-163.
Sierra Leone - Rehabilitation of Basic Education Project : environmental assessment (2002)

The Rehabilitation of Basic Education Project will have national coverage, however, this environmental assessment (EA) was conducted in three districts (Kailahun, Kono, and Kambia) together with the Western Area, because those three districts were severely affected by the civil conflict; conversely, the Western Area, clearly contrasts in terms of physical damage to educational infrastructures, environmental degradation, and institutional arrangements for impact management. The environmental analysis concluded that there are no significant environmental issues related to this project, since project sites will not affect national parks, natural reserves, nor cultural heritage sites, for these were completely destroyed during the civil war. While the findings of the EA show that the project was well conceived, taking implicit consideration of environmental concerns. Mitigation measures are as follows. Construction of buildings will be in accordance with existing building codes, i.e., adequate toilet facilities will be provided with proper waste disposal systems. During construction, open pits will be installed; waste disposal sites will be selected; while landscaping, and vegetative propagation will be undertaken following construction.
Independent, spontaneous mutants of adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrid Ad2+ND3 that grow efficiently in monkey cells possess indentical mutations in the adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein gene (1983)

Four independent, spontaneous mutants of the adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrid Ad2+ND3 that allow efficient growth in monkey cells were isolated previously (C. W. Anderson, Virology 111:263-269, 1981). All four mutations have been mapped within the coding sequence for the adenovirus DNA-binding protein by marker rescue analysis. DNA sequence analysis of a region of ca. 1,000 base pairs shown by marker rescue to contain the host range mutations demonstrated that the host range mutant hr602 differs from its parent, Ad2+ND3, at only a single nucleotide. Mutant hr602 has a thymine in place of a cytosine at the first position of the 130th codon, as measured from the initiation site for the DNA-binding protein. This change results in the replacement of a histidine by a tyrosine in mutant hr602 DNA-binding protein. Each of the other three Ad2+ND3 host range mutants have exactly the same nucleotide alteration as does hr602. This same nucleotide change was recently reported for a similarly derived host range mutant of adenovirus 5.
Increasing semiconductor laser-optical fiber coupling efficiency by introducing microlens (2004)

Optica Applicata, Vol. 34, 2004, nr 2, s. 185-202
Analog predistortion linearizer for high-power RF amplifiers (2000)

We have developed an analog predistortion linearizer for a high-power amplifier of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) base station. To effectively suppress the spectral regrowth in the adjacent channels, the odd-order intermodulation distortions (IMDs) should be cancelled. To accomplish this purpose, we employed a predistorter, which can cancel the third and fifth IMDs independently. The implemented predistorter linearized the RF amplifier with an average power of 45 dBm at 2.37-2.4-GHz band. A 9-dB suppression of spectral regrowth, from 33 to 42 dBc, was achieved for the CDMA signal with an 8.192-Mc/s chip rate over a 30-MHz bandwidth.
Modeling precursor diffusion and reaction of atomic layer deposition in porous structures (2014)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique for depositing thin films of materials with a precise thickness control and uniformity using the self-limitation of the underlying reactions. Usually, it is difficult to predict the result of the ALD process for given external parameters, e.g., the precursor exposure time or the size of the precursor molecules. Therefore, a deeper insight into ALD by modeling the process is needed to improve process control and to achieve more economical coatings. In this paper, a detailed, microscopic approach based on the model developed by Yanguas-Gil and Elam is presented and additionally compared with the experiment. Precursor diffusion and second-order reaction kinetics are combined to identify the influence of the porous substrate's microstructural parameters and the influence of precursor properties on the coating. The thickness of the deposited film is calculated for different depths inside the porous structure in relation to the precursor exposure time, the precursor vapor pressure, and other parameters. Good agreement with experimental results was obtained for ALD zirconiumdioxide (ZrO2) films using the precursors tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)zirconium and O2. The derivation can be adjusted to describe other features of ALD processes, e.g., precursor and reactive site losses, different growth modes, pore size reduction, and surface diffusion.
The New Jersey machine-code toolkit (1995)

The New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit helps programmers write applications that process machine code. Applications that use the toolkit are written at an assembly-language level of abstraction, but they recognize and emit binary. Guided by a short instructionset specification, the toolkit generates all the bitmanipulating code. The toolkit&apos;s specification language uses four concepts: fields and tokens describe parts of instructions, patterns describe binary encodings of instructions or groups of instructions, and constructors map between the assembly-language and binary levels. These concepts are suitable for describing both CISC and RISC machines; we have written specifications for the MIPS R3000, SPARC, and Intel 486 instruction sets. We have used the toolkit to help write two applications: a debugger and a linker. The toolkit generates efficient code; for example, the linker emits binary up to 15% faster than it emits assembly language, making it 1.7--2 times faster to produce an a....
Genome-wide analysis of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L. subsp. <i>japonica</i>) TATA box and Y Patch promoter elements (2009)

The TATA box is one of the best characterized transcription factor binding sites. However, it is not a ubiquitous element of core promoters, and other sequence motifs such as Y Patches seem to play a major role in plants. Here, we present a first genome-wide computational analysis of the TATA box and Y Patch distribution in rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) promoter sequences. Utilizing a probabilistic sequence model, we ascertain that only approximately 19% of rice genes possess the TATA box, but approximately 50% contain one or more Y Patches in their core promoters. By computational processing of identified elements, we generated extended TATA box and Y Patch nucleotide frequency matrices capable of predicting these motifs in plants with a high degree of confidence.
Cloning and characterization of two recombinant Neospora protein fragments and their use in serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis (1997)

Bovine neosporosis causes fetal abortion and/or congenital neurologic disease in cattle. For the serodiagnosis of this parasitic disease, two immunodominant clones from a bovine Neospora lambda gt11 library were identified, characterized, and expressed as recombinant proteins for the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These two clones, designated N54 and N57, were 29 and 20 kDa, respectively, when expressed as histidine fusion proteins from the pRSET expression vector. Antibodies to recombinant protein N54 recognized five major bands from a Neospora tachyzoite lysate with molecular masses of 97, 87, 77, 67, and 64 kDa. Antibodies to recombinant protein N57 recognized four primary bands with molecular masses of 34, 31, 30, and 28 kDa. When a defined "gold standard" panel of bovine sera from confirmed Neospora-positive and Neospora-negative cattle were characterized by immunoblotting, 57 of the 60 Neospora-positive serum samples recognized proteins with the molecular masses of the N54 heptuplet. Binding to the N57 quadruplet was more variable. The same gold standard panel was used to evaluate and compare an N54-based ELISA, an N57-based ELISA, and a whole-tachyzoite lysate-based ELISA. The sensitivities and specificities were 95 and 96% (N54 ELISA), 82 and 93% (N57 ELISA), and 74 and 93% (lysate ELISA). Thus, compared to the whole-tachyzoite lysate-based ELISA, both recombinant-protein-based ELISAs had higher sensitivities and higher or the same specificities and can be used to replace the whole-tachyzoite lysate ELISA for the serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis.
Radioimmunoassay for mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in unextracted plasma. (1978)

We report a radioimmunoassay for mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that has been coupled to a protein carrier as a radioligand. Competitive interference tests with a variety of related compounds indicated the assay to be highly specific. Quantitative comparison of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate values in plasma and serum samples between the radioimmunoassay and gas chromatographic procedures indicated a high reliability. Because this potentially toxic compound can leach into plasma from polyvinyl plastics, this assay should be particularly useful for those involved in the manufacture or use of medical devices made of them.
Acute and long term effect of nifedipine on pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease. (1986)

To determine whether Nifedipine reduces pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, we have studied ten clinically stable patients with chronic obstructive airways disease following acute administration of sublingual Nifedipine 20 mg and also after three months long term treatment with Nifedipine tablets 20mg bd. In the acute study, Nifedipine significantly raised mean pulmonary artery pressure from 30.32 +/- 13.07 mm Hg to 34.15 +/- 14.33 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary wedge pressure from 6.15 +/- 5.09 mm Hg to 7.6 +/- 3.39 mm Hg (p less than 0.1). There was a significant fall in mean systematic artery pressure from 99.06 +/- 12.05 mm Hg to 89.47 +/- 10.04 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) and a rise in heart rate from 79 +/- 9.7 beats/minute to 85.45 +/- 13.46 beats/minute (p less than 0.5). There was a significant change in cardiac index from 2.96 +/- 0.76 l/min/m2 to 3.2 +/- 0.51 l/min/m2 p(less than 0.1). There was no statistically significant change in pulmonary vascular resistance from 5.06 +/- 3.45 mm Hg/l/min to 4.92 +/- 3.10 mm Hg/l/min. In the long term study, no statistically significant differences over the base line values were found in measurements of mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary wedge pressures, mean systemic artery pressure, cardiac index and PO2. There was a greater fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in comparison with the acute study. The pulmonary vascular resistance fell from 5.06 +/- 3.45 mm Hg/l/min to 4.24 +/- 2.31 mm Hg/l/min but did not achieve statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of midodrine on blood flow in dog vascular beds. (1986)

Effects of alpha-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-beta-glycinamide-ethanol hydrochloride (midodrine, ST-1085) on blood flow in different vascular beds were examined in anesthetized dogs. Intravenously administered midodrine at doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg induced a transient increase followed by a long-lasting decrease in femoral arterial blood flow. Renal arterial blood flow exhibited an initial decrease followed by returning toward the control level, and thereafter decreased again. Vertebral, common carotid, superior mesenteric and coronary arterial blood flow, and cardiac output gradually decreased. Midodrine did not have any effects on cerebral tissue blood flow. The changes were more remarkable at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg than at 0.3 mg/kg. Each arterial blood flow change was statistically analyzed 20, 30 and 60 min after the administration of 0.6 mg/kg of midodrine. The decrease of coronary arterial blood flow by the treatment with midodrine was significantly smaller than those of superior mesenteric and femoral arterial blood flow at 20 and 30 min after midodrine administration. The decrease of renal arterial blood flow was significantly smaller than those of superior mesenteric arterial blood flow at 20 and 30 min, and femoral arterial blood flow at 20, 30 and 60 min after the administration. The decrease of vertebral arterial blood flow was also smaller than that of femoral arterial blood flow at 20, 30 and 60 min after the administration.
BuddyCache (2002)

Collaborative applications provide a shared work environment for groups of networked clients collaborating on a common task. They require strong consistency for shared persistent data and efficient access to fine-grained objects. These properties are difficult to provide in wide area networks because of high network latency. BuddyCache is a new transactional caching approach that improves the latency of access to shared persistent objects for collaborative strong-consistency applications in high-latency network environments. The challenge is to improve performance while providing the correctness and availability properties of a transactional caching protocol in the presence of node failures and slow peers.We have implemented a BuddyCache prototype and evaluated its performance. Analytical results, confirmed by measurements of the BuddyCache prototype using the multi-user 007 benchmark indicate that for typical Internet latencies, e.g. ranging from 40 to 80 milliseconds round trip time to the storage server, peers using BuddyCache can reduce by up to 50% the latency of access to shared objects compared to accessing the remote servers directly.