gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The New Therapeutic Concept of Using a Rho Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction (2011)

Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) show poor regenerative ability in humans, and noncompensatory damage of CECs causes irreversible corneal haziness in cases of bullous keratopathy. Although corneal transplantations provide considerable clinical benefits, allograft rejection, primary graft failure, and the shortage of donor corneas are problems that still need to be overcome. The establishment of new treatment therapies is the key to solving these problems, and we have attempted to establish a new clinical intervention for corneal endothelial dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that the inhibition of Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling by Y-27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor, promoted cell adhesion, inhibited apoptosis, and enhanced cell proliferation in cultured primate CECs. These results raise the possibility that the ROCK inhibitor might serve as a new tool for establishing an effective culture method for newly emerging cultivated CEC transplantation therapies. Moreover, because Y-27632 enhances cell proliferation in vitro, we hypothesized that the use of a ROCK inhibitor could be a new pharmacological intervention for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction. We demonstrated that the topical instillation of a ROCK inhibitor promotes corneal endothelium wound healing in an animal model. This indicates that use of a ROCK inhibitor is a less invasive and novel therapy that should prove promising for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
First case of L1CAM gene mutation identified in MASA syndrome in Asia (2005)

We report here the first case of an L1CAM gene mutation identified in mental retardation, adducted thumbs, shuffling gait, and aphasia (MASA) syndrome in Japan. The patient was a 10-year-old boy with mild mental retardation, bilateral adducted thumbs and corpus callosum hypoplasia. His family had no history of MASA syndrome. The L1CAM gene contained a nonsense mutation (R1166X) in exon 26 in the cytoplasmic domain. No mutation was found in the extracellular and transmembrane domains of L1CAM. The abnormal development of axon tracts resulting in the corpus callosum hypoplasia and adducted thumbs appears to be caused by malfunction of the cytoplasmic domain of L1CAM.
REVIEWS Quelques paradoxes sur le classicisme. By MOURGUESODETTE DE. (The Zaharoff Lecture for 1980–81). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1981. 15 pp. £1.95. (1982)

REVIEWS Get access Quelques paradoxes sur le classicisme. By ODETTE DE MOURGUES. (The Zaharoff Lecture for 1980–81). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1981. 15 pp. £1.95. PETER FRANCE PETER FRANCE EDINBURGH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXVI, Issue 3, July 1982, Pages 327-a–327, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXVI.3.327-a Published: 01 July 1982
Performance of Automated Drusen Detection by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (2011)

Automated drusen detection based on PS-OCT technology allows a fast and accurate determination of drusen location, number, and total area.
Layer yield estimation based on critical area and electrical defect monitor data (2003)

It is often desirable to forecast the random yield of each layer of new products. In this work we provide a yield forecasting methodology based on critical area, which goes beyond comparing die areas of products and accounts for layout density. This methodology forecasts the random yield loss per metal or poly layers by comparing the critical area of single layer defect monitors (DMs) to that of the product. In this paper, we discuss the design of DMs and sources of inaccuracy in product yield estimation based on DM data. In addition, we show how DMs can be useful in forecasting how the sizing of metal, poly, and local interconnect layers impacts random layer yield.
Natural catalytic activity in a marine shale for generating natural gas (2010)

Many organic-rich rocks are major sources of oil and gas in sedimentary basins presumably through high-temperature thermal cracking. This view was brought into question with recent reports of marine shales generating catalytic gas in the laboratory at 50 ° C, 300 ° C below thermal-cracking temperatures. Gas forms under natural conditions without artificial stimulation. Compositions of methane, ethane and propane are near thermodynamic equilibrium (2C 2 H 6 =CH 4 +C 3 H 8 ) mirroring those in natural deposits. It is significant because thermal cracking can neither generate hydrocarbons at equilibrium nor can it bring them to equilibrium over geological time. Thus, catalysis must be the source of equilibrium in natural gas habitats and in marine shales. There is experimental evidence for metathesis ( ) as the catalytic path to equilibrium. However, it is without example in contemporary catalysis, and therefore, calls for extraordinary empirical support. Here, we report independent and unequivocal evidence of natural catalytic activity in a marine shale linking metathesis and thermodynamic equilibrium. A Cretaceous Mowry shale catalysed the dimerization of propylene (C 3 H 6 ) to methyl cyclopentane (MCP, C 6 H 12 ) and n -hexane ( n -C 6 , C 6 H 14 ) at 50 ° C in greater than 99 per cent selectivity. Propylene increased the rate of n -C 6 generation by a factor of 100 with 100 per cent selectivity to the straight-chain hexane ( n -C 6 ). Propylene also suppressed the generation of all hydrocarbons except cyclopentane, MCP and n -C 6 . The ratio MCP/ n -C 6 , which swung chaotically between 1 and 25 before propylene addition, was rendered invariant with propylene addition ( R 2 =0.99; MCP/ n -C 6 =1.20±0.034 s.d.). These uniquely catalytic reactions confirm natural catalytic activity in this shale. It appears to be ‘palaeoactivity’ possibly conceived in early diagenesis and sustained over geological time.
CRADA Final Report: Properties of Vacuum Deposited Thin Films of Lithium Phosphorous Oxynitride (Lipon) with an Expanded Composition Range (2003)

Thin films of an amorphous, solid-state, lithium electrolyte, referred to as ''Lipon'', were first synthesized and characterized at ORNL in 1991. This material is typically prepared by magnetron sputtering in a nitrogen plasma, which allows nitrogen atoms to substitute for part of the oxygen ions of Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. Lipon is the key component in the successful fabrication of ORNL's rechargeable thin film microbatteries. Cymbet and several other US Companies have licensed this technology for commercialization. Optimizing the properties of the Lipon material, particularly the lithium ion conductivity, is extremely important, yet only a limited range of compositions had been explored prior to this program. The goal of this CRADA was to develop new methods to prepare Lipon over an extended composition range and to determine if the film properties might be significantly improved beyond those previously reported by incorporating a larger N component into the film. Cymbet and ORNL investigated different deposition processes for the Lipon thin films. Cymbet's advanced deposition process not only achieved a higher deposition rate, but also permitted independent control the O and N flux to the surface of the growing film. ORNL experimented with several modified sputtering techniques and found that by using sectored sputter targets, composed of Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} and Li{sub 3}N ceramic disks, thin Lipon films could be produced over an expanded composition range. The resulting Lipon films were characterized by electrical impedance, infrared spectroscopy, and several complementary analytical techniques to determine the composition. When additional N plus Li are incorporated into the Lipon film, the lithium conductivity was generally degraded. However, the addition of N accompanied by a slight loss of Li gave an increase in the conductivity. Although the improvement in the conductivity was only very modest and was a disappointing conclusion of this study, forcing a higher N content in the Lipon may alleviate some of the run-to-run variations in the Lipon quality that have been problematical for years.
Biomedical Image Sequence Analysis with Application to Automatic Quantitative Assessment of Facial Paralysis (2007)

Facial paralysis is a condition causing decreased movement on one side of the face. A quantitative, objective, and reliable assessment system would be an invaluable tool for clinicians treating patients with this condition. This paper presents an approach based on the automatic analysis of patient video data. Facial feature localization and facial movement detection methods are discussed. An algorithm is presented to process the optical flow data to obtain the motion features in the relevant facial regions. Three classification methods are applied to provide quantitative evaluations of regional facial nerve function and the overall facial nerve function based on the House-Brackmann scale. Experiments show the radial basis function (RBF) neural network to have superior performance.
Compact high voltage subnanosecond pulsed power delivery system for biological applications (2007)

Intracellular electro-manipulation experiments require subnanosecond high voltage pulses delivered to low impedance biological loads. We present here the design and construction of an experimental setup to deliver such subnanosecond high voltage pulses to biological cell solutions. This low-parasitic electronic setup interfaces our avalanche transistor-switched pulse generation system with the imaging and monitoring apparatuses used for bio-photonic studies of pulse-induced intracellular effects. The setup features a custom fabricated microscope slide to hold the cell solution under study, and a printed circuit board designed to carry the output pulse from the pulse generator to micro-machined electrodes on the glass slide. The pc-board and the slide are designed to match the load impedance of the pulse generator. This minimizes reflections back into the pulse generator, and minimizes distortion of pulse shape and pulse parameters. Further, the pc-board contains a custom-made high bandwidth voltage divider to allow for real-time monitoring of pulses delivered to the cell solution.
Late events in chondrocyte differentiation: hypertrophy, type X collagen synthesis and matrix calcification. (1992)

During endochondral bone formation chondrocytes pass through several stages of differentiation which are characterized by cell proliferation, matrix synthesis and cell hypertrophy. Type X collagen is synthesized in vivo after chondrocytes have become hypertrophic, but before abundant mineral accumulates in the cartilage extracellular matrix. The molecule is also present in the uncalcified membranes of the avian eggshell. Type X collagen synthesis increased with the concentration of calcium phosphate deposited in the cell layer of chondrocyte cultures. The addition of calcium chloride to chondrocyte cultures increased the synthesis of type X collagen in a dose-and time-dependent manner.
Cerebral Metabolic Rate and Hypothermia (1995)

Hypothermia results in a progressive depression of cerebral electrical activity and metabolism. In the setting of cerebral ischemia, large reductions in temperature are associated with a better preservation of high-energy phosphates, a reduced accumulation of toxic metabolites, and an improvement in post-ischemic outcome. With temperature reductions of < or = 6 degrees C, the brain is also partially protected from ischemic neurologic injury; however, this protection does not correlate with measurable alterations in high-energy phosphate depletion or lactate accumulation. Thus, cerebral protection by hypothermia may be due to a variety of factors, including alterations in basal metabolism, ion homeostasis, agonist-specific receptor activity, and cellular structure. Further, the relative influence of these factors may change with progressive reductions in temperature.
Novel Schmitt Trigger and Square-Wave Generator Using Single Current Amplifier (2019)

This paper presents an important missing building block for mixed-mode signal processing: a Schmitt trigger circuit based on the current amplifier. Schmitt trigger is used extensively in both the analogue and digital areas. The transfer characteristics of the proposed design are independent on the supply voltage. Unlike Schmitt triggers incorporating other types of amplifiers, the proposed design is totally active. It does not require passive resistors and hence it shall be more attractive for VLSI implementation. The proposed circuit is utilized to implement a novel current mode square-wave oscillator using a single current amplifier that provides differential current signals. The output amplitude can be controlled without additional circuitry. Current generators are particularly essential for bio-impedance measurement. Comparison with their counterparts using the operational amplifier, transconductance operational amplifier, transresistance operational amplifier, and current conveyor demonstrates several advantageous features of the proposed circuits. The experimental results obtained from primary prototypes fabricated using standard 150 nm CMOS process are provided. It is shown that the proposed Schmitt trigger and the square wave generator nominally consume 8 μW and 11 μW while working in the MHz range.
A review of wave energy converter technology (2009)

Abstract Ocean waves are a huge, largely untapped energy resource, and the potential for extracting energy from waves is considerable. Research in this area is driven by the need to meet renewable energy targets, but is relatively immature compared to other renewable energy technologies. This review introduces the general status of wave energy and evaluates the device types that represent current wave energy converter (WEC) technology, particularly focusing on work being undertaken within the United Kingdom. The possible power take-off systems are identified, followed by a consideration of some of the control strategies to enhance the efficiency of point absorber-type WECs. There is a lack of convergence on the best method of extracting energy from the waves and, although previous innovation has generally focused on the concept and design of the primary interface, questions arise concerning how best to optimize the powertrain. This article concludes with some suggestions of future developments.
Efficient high-energy pulse-train generation using a 2^n-pulse michelson interferometer (1998)

We demonstrate a novel, Michelson-based, ultrafast multiplexer with a throughput approaching 100% for a polarization-multiplexed train and 50% for a linearly polarized train, which is compatible with a high-energy pulse train and shaped-pulse generation. The interpulse spacings in the resultant 2(n)-pulse train can be adjusted continuously from multinanoseconds through zero. Using this interferometer, we also demonstrate generation of a 16-pulse train of terahertz pulses.
Immunosuppressive drug monitoring - what to use in clinical practice today to improve renal graft outcome (2005)

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive therapy is becoming an increasingly complex matter as the number of compounds and their respective combinations are continuously expanding. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, monitoring predose trough blood concentrations is often not sufficient for guiding optimal long-term dosing of these drugs. The excellent short-term results obtained nowadays in renal transplantation confer a misleading feeling of safety despite the fact that long-term results have not substantially improved, definitely not to a point where longer graft survival could counteract the increasing need for transplant organs and less toxicity and side-effects could ameliorate patient survival. It is therefore a challenging task to try to tailor immunosuppressive drug therapy to the individual patient profile and this in a time-dependent manner. For the majority of currently used immunosuppressive drugs, measurement of total drug exposure by determination of the dose-interval area under the concentration curve (AUC) seems to provide more useful information for clinicians in terms of concentration-exposure and exposure-response as well as reproducibility. To simplify this laborious way of measuring drug exposure, several validated abbreviated AUC profiles, accurately predicting the dose-interval AUC, have been put forward. Together with an increasing knowledge of the time-related pharmacokinetic behaviour of immunosuppressive drug and their metabolites, studies are focusing on how to apply abbreviated AUC sampling methods in clinical transplantation, taking into account the numerous factors affecting drug pharmacokinetics. Eventually, TDM using abbreviated AUC profiles has to be prospectively tested against classic methods of drug monitoring in terms of cost-effectiveness, feasibility and clinical relevance with the ultimate goal of improving patient and graft survival.
A Solution Space Analysis for First-Hop IP Source Address Validation (2009)

The IETF working group on Source Address Validation Improvements,
SAVI, is chartered to design methods for IP source address validation
that complement ingress filtering with finer-grained protection. This
document summarizes the discussion in the SAVI working group and
design-related conclusions. The purpose of this is two-fold: First,
to guide the design process in the working group with written
documentation of decisions and their rationale. Second, to provide a
measure for assessing the IP source address validation methods that
the working group will eventually deliver.
Unified modeling of hybrid electric vehicle drivetrains (1999)

Hybridizing automotive drivetrains, or using more than one type of energy converter, is considered an important step toward very low pollutant emission and high fuel economy. The automotive industry and governments in the United States, Europe, and Japan have formed strategic initiatives with the aim of cooperating in the development of new vehicle technologies. Efforts to meet fuel economy and exhaust emission targets have initiated major advances in hybrid drivetrain system components, including: high-efficiency high-specific power electric motors and controllers; load-leveling devices such as ultracapacitors and fly-wheels; hydrogen and direct-methanol fuel cells; direct injection diesel and Otto cycle engines; and advanced batteries. The design of hybrid electric vehicles is an excellent example of the need for mechatronic system analysis and design methods. If one is to fully realize the potential of using these technologies, a complete vehicle system approach for component selection and optimization over typical driving situations is required. The control problems that arise in connection with hybrid power trains are significant and pose additional challenges to power-train control engineers. The principal aim of the paper is to propose a framework for the analysis, design, and control of optimum hybrid vehicles within the context of energy and power flow analysis. The approaches and results presented in the paper are one step toward the development of a complete toolbox for the analysis and design of hybrid vehicles.
Incremental Polygon Rendering on a SIMD Processor Array (1988)

Abstract We demonstrate how both area coherence and parallelism can be exploited in order to speed up rendering operations on a SIMD square array of processors. Our algorithms take advantage of the method of differences, in order to incrementally compute the values of a linear polynomial function at discrete intervals and thus implement area rendering operations efficiently. We discuss how filling of convex polygons, hidden surface elimination and smooth shading can be implemented on an N × N processor array that supports planar arithmetic, that is, arithmetic operations performed on N × N matrices in parallel for all matrix elements. A major attraction of the method we present is that it is based on a SIMD processor array; such machines are now recognised as highly general purpose given the wide range of applications successfully implemented on them.
THE DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY (1932)

Journal Article THE DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY Get access Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Volume 10, Issue 29, November 1932, Pages 140–141, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1932.tb01915.x Published: 12 October 2007
A mobile satellite news gathering system using a flat antenna (1996)

We propose a mobile SNG (satellite news gathering) RF terminal that transmits TV programs from a ship or a vehicle to a broadcasting center in real time via a communications satellite. The terminal consists of a transmitter using beam steering flat antenna with 16 subarrays and of a turntable and pitch-roll stabilizer for mechanical tracking. The antenna beam is steered according to a received beacon signal, and rapid tracking with an accuracy of 0.05/spl deg/ cart be achieved even if slant angles in the pitch and roll of the ship in which the terminal is set, are /spl plusmn/10/spl deg/ and /spl plusmn/15/spl deg/. We demonstrated the good performance of the terminal by transmitting a TV program from a ship in Tokyo Bay.
Grouping genetic algorithm for solving the serverconsolidation problem with conflicts (2009)

The advent of virtualization technologies encourages
The effect of freeze-drying on the potency of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine (2003)

Three bulks of freeze dried recombinant hepatitis B vaccines were prepared by adding 5% saccharose and 1% gelatine as stabilizer.There were no significant differences both in relative potency in vitro and mouse ED 50 between freeze dried vaccine and liquid one.The stability of freeze dried vaccine was superior to that of liquid one,at 4℃ storage and after heating acceleration test.The results provided basis to preparation stable reference in freeze dried form for the vaccine production.
Composition, Kinetics, and Mechanism of Growth of Chemical Vapor‐Deposited Aluminum Nitride Films (1982)

Aluminum nitride films have been deposited on silicon wafers and vitreous carbon substrates by reaction of aluminum tribromide and ammonia in a hydrogen flow system at a temperature in the range 400°–900°C. The films were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The composition, chemical stability, topography of surface, and deposition rate of films have been determined as a function of deposition temperature, total flow rate, and composition of reactant mixture. The effect of homogeneous reactions on the deposition process has been discussed. A growth mechanism of aluminum nitride films based on a competition between the homogeneous formation of powdery aluminum nitride and the formation of films by surface reactions is proposed.
Secure and Privacy-Friendly Logging for eGovernment Services (2008)

In this paper we present a scheme for building a logging- trail for processes related to eGovernment services. A citizen can reconstruct the trail of such a process and verify its status if he is the subject of that process. Reconstruction is based on hand-overs, special types of log events, that link data stored by multiple logging servers, which are not necessarily trusted. Our scheme is privacy-friendly in the sense that only the authorised subject, i.e. the citizen, can link the different log entries related to one specific process. The scheme is also auditable; it allows logging servers to show that they behave according to a certain policy.