gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freezing‐Melting Desalination Process (2014)

This chapter introduces the basic principle and advantages of freezing-melting process followed by its applications in desalination. It introduces different types of freezing-melting process by describing its components and operations as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Finally the future prospects, challenges and other potential hybrid freezing-melting processes for desalination are discussed.
Effect on the output of a luminescent solar concentrator on application of organic wavelength-selective mirrors (2010)

To reduce surface loss in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), we systematically apply organic wavelength-selective mirrors, chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystals, onto the LSCs with an air gap and determine their effect on waveguide output. The highest output is achieved using a scattering background and cholesteric mirror with a reflection band significantly redshifted (approximately 150 nm) from the emission peak of the fluorescent dye. The use of an air gap results in light bending away from the waveguide surface normal and, consequently, a redshift of the cholesteric mirrors is required. Up to 35% more dye-emitted light energy exits the waveguide edge after application of the cholesteric, and an increase in absolute edge power of 12% was found for a waveguide using a separate scatterer.
Wet-etching of structures with straight facets and adjustable taper into glass substrates (2009)

Wet etching of glass by hydrofluoric acid is widely used in microfabrication, but is limited by the isotropic nature of the process that leads to rounded sidewalls and a 90 degrees angle between the etch front and the surface of the substrate. For many applications such as microvalving, or for further processing such as spin-coating, well controlled, gently sloping sidewalls are often preferred. Here, we present a new approach for forming straight facets and for adjusting the sidewall angle in wet-etched glass substrates by controlling the lateral dissolution of an etch mask during etching. The etch mask comprises a Ti-Au bilayer where Au serves to protect the Ti. During isotropic etching of glass by HF the Ti layer is etched away laterally at the same time, which leads to straight, gently sloping sidewalls. We introduce two methods for controlling the sidewall angle. The first one is based on adjusting the thickness of Ti which controls the lateral etch rate, and thus the angle; the thinner the Ti, the slower its lateral etch rate and the steeper the angle in the etched glass. The second method involves a cathodic bias applied to the Ti-Au etch mask which again regulates the dissolution rate of Ti; the more negative the bias the slower the lateral etch rate. Both methods offer accurate control of the sidewall angle over a wide range, can be readily integrated into existing fabrication processes, and will be particularly useful for making channels with trapezoidal cross-sections, valve seats with gentle profiles, or for patterning electrodes across and inside of microfluidic channels.
Identification of Target Genes of Oncogenic Transcription Factors (1999)

Abstract. Disregulation of many transcription factors is associated with the development of human neoplasia. Transcription factors regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding to specific DNA sequences within the promoter regions of growth‐regulatory genes and modulating expression of these genes. This simple model is complicated by the fact that mammalian transcription factors are often members of large protein families that bind to similar DNA sequences. This raises the question as to whether members of a particular family regulate expression of overlapping or unique sets of genes. This review is focused on addressing this question using the Ets, Myc, and E2F transcription factor families as examples. Deregulated activity of some, but not all, members of these families is observed in cancer. Here, we summarize the data illustrating the concept that binding of individual members of these families of factors can result in promoter‐specific responses and review the studies that have provided some insight into how target gene specificity is achieved. Since, for all of these oncogenic transcription factors, it remains unclear exactly which target genes are important in neoplasia, we have also reviewed the many approaches researchers are using to identify target genes of the various Ets, Myc, and E2F family members.
Four-quadrant current-mode divider based on current conveyors (2004)

In this paper, a four-quadrant current-mode divider circuit is proposed. The circuit employs only the current conveyors as active circuit elements and does not require external passive elements. It is therefore suitable for IC implementation. The circuit offers endurance on temperature variations. PSPICE simulation results are used to demonstrate the performance and accuracy of the proposed circuit.
Study on Ballistocardiogram Acquisition in a Moving Wheelchair with Embedded Sensors (2012)

Abstract Embedding cardiac system sensing devices in wheelchairs is both necessary and attractive. Elders, diabetics, or stroke victims are a substantial group needing permanent cardiac monitoring, without restriction of their already limited mobility. A set of sensing devices was embedded in a wheelchair to monitor the user without his awareness and intervention. A dual-wavelength reflection photoplethysmogram (PPG), and a ballistocardiogram (BCG) based on MEMS accelerometers and on electromechanical film sensors are output by the hardware. Tests were conduced on twenty one subjects, for an immobility scenario. Additional recordings were made for helped propulsion over a tiled floor course, with good results in keeping track of acceleration BCG and PPG. A treadmill was also used for tests, providing a smooth floor and constant speed and inclination. The PPG and acceleration BCG could be continuously monitored in all the tests. The developed system proves to be a good solution to monitor cardiac activity of wheelchair users even during motion.
Hyponatraemia and death or permanent brain damage in healthy children. (1992)

Symptomatic hyponatraemia can result in high morbidity in children of both genders, which is due in large part to inadequate brain adaptation and lack of timely treatment.
Adult human ovaries with follicles containing several oöcytes (1912)

The two ovaries dealt with below were obtained at autopsy for histological purposes in this laboratory in the fall of 1909 from a negress eighteen years old.Macroscopically they appeared perfectly normal.There was no history taken of the case.When the sections were given out to the class it was found that many follicles contained more than one oocyte.It was suggested by Professor Hardesty that it might be of interest to describe the conditions found and he kindly assigned the material and the problem to me.The ovaries were fixed in Zenker's fluid, cut transversely in celloidin at 20 micra thick, mounted serially and stained with haematoxylin and congo red.The accompanying figures were made with the aid of the camera lucida.The epithelial lining of the Fallopian tubes showed satisfactory fixation, the cell boundaries and cilia being very well defined in the sections.The connective tissue in the ovaries appeared in normal proportion., the distribution of the follicles appeared normal, and the follicular epithelium was well fixed.Follicles containing more than one oocyte were found to be remarkably abundant.The greater number of these were in the earlier or smaller stages, varying from a follicular epithelium of one layer of cells to stages showing the beginning of the corona radiata.Of the larger follicles only, begianin.gwith those far enough advanced to show the first appearance of liquor folliculi, one of the ovaries showed forty-five such follicles containing more than one oocyte.The figures below represent an accurate count-
Darren: Erotic Interludes in Political Transference (2011)

The dilemmas and opportunities of interpellation and intelligibility play out also in the sexual domain. In “Darren: Erotic Interludes in Political Transference,” Stephen Hartman shows how interpellation makes both him and Darren intelligible and therefore anxious: The power of discourse to legitimate desire means that you can lose your legitimacy and fall into abjection if you ever refuse your interpellation. Here Hartman, interpellated by The New York Times announcement of his marriage to another man, desexualizes and abjects his patient by interpellating his desire as a desire to be a married gay guy, a “good gay” too.
Latent open defect detection using phase-sensitive nonlinearity detection technique (1995)

Alternating and direct electric currents are applied through the metal interconnections in electronic packaging to detect potential electrical opens, such as line narrowings, notches, nicks, cracks, weak connections, and interface contaminations. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the voltage across and current through the metal conductor, distortion signals are generated by the defect region as well as the good conductor. The signal generated from a latent open defect can be detected by comparing the defect signal phase with the reference phase produced by the good conductor. Application of this technique to electronic packaging development and manufacturing can improve product reliability and reduce cost by early detection of latent open defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ASBR VRF context for BGP/MPLS IP VPN (2006)

This document describes an additional option to the 'Multi-AS
Backbones' section of [RFC4364]. This option combines per VPN VRFs
at the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) as described in
'Option A' with the redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes as
described in 'Option B'. In addition, this option allows for a
data plane consisting of two methods of traffic forwarding between
attached ASBR pairs. In this Multi-AS option, the ASBR installs VPN-
IPv4 routes into VRFs in the same manner as described in [RFC4364]
e.g. VPN-IPv4 routes are converted back to IPv4 routes and imported
into VRFs via Route Target (RT) based filtering policies. Once
installed in a VRF, selected IPv4 routes are converted to VPN-IPv4
routes by the addition of Route Distinguisher (RD) values, along with
one or more associated RTs as configured per VRF at the ASBR.
Dependant on service provider preference, traffic forwarding between
attached ASBRs is either via per VRF attachment circuits or a
'global' (non-VRF attachment circuit associated) IP interface.
In both traffic forwarding cases, packets may be MPLS-labeled or non-
labeled. If attached ASBR pairs belonging to separate Autonomous
Systems (AS) make use of this Multi-AS option, then VRF based route
filtering policies via RTs is achieved directly between ASBR pairs,
independent of PE based RT filtering within an AS.
Remote sensing, models, and methods for image processing (1997)

Remote sensing is a technology that engages electromagnetic sensors to measure and monitor changes in the earth's surface and atmosphere. Normally this is accomplished through the use of a satellite or aircraft. This book, in its 3rd edition, seamlessly connects the art and science of earth remote sensing with the latest interpretative tools and techniques of computer-aided image processing. Newly expanded and updated, this edition delivers more of the applied scientific theory and practical results that helped the previous editions earn wide acclaim and become classroom and industry standa
Cutting Edge: A Thymocyte-Thymic Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk Dynamically Regulates Intrathymic IL-7 Expression In Vivo (2010)

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are the predominant intrathymic source of the essential thymopoietin IL-7. Whether thymocyte-TEC interactions have a role in the regulation of IL-7 expression is not known. By exploiting IL-7 reporter mice in which yellow fluorescent protein expression identifies TECs expressing high levels of IL-7 (Il7(+) TECs), we show that Il7(+) TECs segregate from emerging medullary TECs during thymic organogenesis. Although Il7(+) TECs normally diminish with age, we found that Il7(+) TECs are markedly retained in alymphoid Rag2(-/-)Il2rg(-/-) IL-7 reporter mice that manifest a profound thymopoietic arrest. Transfer of Tcra(-/-) or wild-type (but not Rag2(-/-)) hematopoietic progenitors to alymphoid IL-7 reporter recipients normalizes the frequency of Il7(+) TECs and re-establishes cortical TEC/medullary TEC segregation. Although thymocyte-derived signals are often considered stimulatory for TEC maturation, our findings identify a negative feedback mechanism in which signals derived from TCRbeta-selected thymocytes modulate TEC-dependent IL-7 expression.
Constraint-based path selection methods for on-demand provisioning in WDM networks (2003)

We propose a framework for decentralized path selection and on-demand wavelength channel provisioning in WDM networks with routing constraints. Within this framework, the path information of choice, such as transmission quality, reliability, policy and traffic conditions, is updated following a connection request, based on a local, autonomous and service-differentiated characterization of optical network elements. It is this local and autonomous network state information that makes our approach particularly suitable for distributed implementation, and applicable to optical network architectures and control protocols that support service level guarantees. To illustrate this, we study mesh networks consisting of transparent, short-reach networking segments interconnected by long-reach WDM links with electronically regenerative gateways, where different link types show different SNR degradation, reliability and delay. On the example of electronically regenerative gateways, we address a new class of constraint-based path selection problems, where a certain a type of network element can at the same time deteriorate and improve network performance; e.g. electronic regenerators improve optical path quality and can adapt to wavelengths, but induce delays or operational costs. The performance study has shown the capability of our methods to accommodate arbitrary number and type of optical path properties, related to different network architectures and services.
Linkage of a variant or attenuated form of adenomatous polyposis coli to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) locus. (1992)

Adenomatous polyps are an intermediate in the pathway to colon carcinoma. An inherited disorder, familial adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), is characterized by hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps. A previously reported family had colon cancer associated with a low average but highly heterogenous number of colonic polyps, this phenotype mapped to the APC locus on 5q. Four new families have been ascertained in which the phenotypic pattern was different from classical polyposis but similar to that of the "prototype" kindred reported earlier. By multilocus linkage analysis, the gene responsible for the disease phenotype was mapped, with a high level of confidence, to the APC locus in two of the four families with the attenuated or variant form of polyposis (AAPC); the results for the two remaining kindreds were inconclusive. A combined maximum LOD score of approximately 7.6 at a recombination fraction of 0 was obtained when the results were summed over the four pedigrees with markers closest to the APC locus. The establishment of genetic linkage in such families may point to the APC locus as having a more significant role in inherited predispositions to colorectal cancer than was previously thought.
A complete pathway for Î²-alanine and Î²-amino-<i>iso</i>-butyrate catabolism in<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1986)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was found to catabolise β-alanine and β-amino-iso-butyrate (β-AIB) by the following pathway: (i) transamination by β-alanine: pyruvate aminotransferase (BAPAT) to yield l-alanine and either malonic semialdehyde or its methyl analogue, respectively; (ii) oxidative decarboxylation of the respective semialdehydes to acetyl CoA or propionyl CoA; (iii) regeneration of pyruvate from l-alanine by the action of dl-alanine racemase (AR) and d-alanine dehydrogenase (DAD). Mutants defective in BAPAT or DAD failed to catabolise either β-alanine or β-AIB, and β-alanine was an inducer for the entire pathway.
Modeling and Understanding of External Latchup in CMOS Technologies—Part I: Modeling Latchup Trigger Current (2011)

This paper elucidates the roles of substrate majority and minority carriers in triggering external latchup, where the term external signifies that the substrate current injection occurs at a location away from the p-n-p-n structure. Circuit-level models are presented that allow one to identify the worst case testing condition and to simulate the value of the latchup trigger current. The model captures the effect of guard rings. The simulation results are compared to measurement results, and good agreement is observed, for a variety of CMOS technologies.
The Approach for Estimating Cost Growth Rates in the Taiwanese Banking Industry (2010)

The most present articles adopted the output-oriented Malmquist productivity index (OM) for estimating the production efficiency and productivity of Bank. Based on the method of Yang and Lee (2009), the research provides the new way to discuss cost efficiency and cost growth rate of Taiwanese banking industry during 1995 to 2005. The cost growth rate was decomposed into five components: technical efficiency change, allocation efficiency change, technical structure change, input price change and output scale change. Empirical results indicate 7.87% cost growth rates decline in the banking industry. Then we apply the random-effects Tobit panel data regression analysis to investigate the determinant effects in terms of the cost efficiency and cost growth rates for these banks. The results show that the average scale of these banks is larger than optimal scale. It means that the increase of banks' scale has positive relationship to cost efficiency and allocation efficiency. The index of cost efficiency is significantly improved by the decrease of Non-Performing Loan. At least, system generalized method of moment dynamic panel model results indicate that the cost growth rate of Taiwanese banks exhibits significant positive persistence.
Improved Reperfusion and Neuroprotection by Creatine in a Mouse Model of Stroke (2006)

Stroke leads to energy failure and subsequent neuronal cell loss. Creatine and phosphocreatine constitute a cellular energy buffering and transport system, and dietary creatine supplementation was shown to protect neurons in several models of neurodegeneration. Although creatine has recently been found to reduce infarct size after cerebral ischemia in mice, the mechanisms of neuroprotection remained unclear. We provide evidence for augmented cerebral blood flow (CBF) after stroke in creatine-treated mice using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based technique of CBF measurement (flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery-MRI). Moreover, improved vasodilatory responses were detected in isolated middle cerebral arteries obtained from creatine-treated animals. After 3 weeks of dietary creatine supplementation, minor changes in brain creatine, phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate levels were detected, which did not reach statistical significance. However, we found a 40% reduction in infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Our data suggest that creatine-mediated neuroprotection can occur independent of changes in the bioenergetic status of brain tissue, but may involve improved cerebrovascular function.
REVIEWS (1984)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access FLORIAN COULMAS (ed.) A Festschrift for Native Speaker The Hague: Mouton, 1981. 406 pp. JANET HOLMES JANET HOLMES Victoria University of Wellington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Applied Linguistics, Volume 5, Issue 1, Spring 1984, Pages 66–67, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/5.1.66 Published: 01 March 1984 Article history Received: 01 May 1983 Published: 01 March 1984
Improving gas sensing properties of graphene by introducing dopants and defects: a first-principles study (2009)

The interactions between four different graphenes (including pristine, B- or N-doped and defective graphenes) and small gas molecules (CO, NO, NO(2) and NH(3)) were investigated by using density functional computations to exploit their potential applications as gas sensors. The structural and electronic properties of the graphene-molecule adsorption adducts are strongly dependent on the graphene structure and the molecular adsorption configuration. All four gas molecules show much stronger adsorption on the doped or defective graphenes than that on the pristine graphene. The defective graphene shows the highest adsorption energy with CO, NO and NO(2) molecules, while the B-doped graphene gives the tightest binding with NH(3). Meanwhile, the strong interactions between the adsorbed molecules and the modified graphenes induce dramatic changes to graphene's electronic properties. The transport behavior of a gas sensor using B-doped graphene shows a sensitivity two orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine graphene. This work reveals that the sensitivity of graphene-based chemical gas sensors could be drastically improved by introducing the appropriate dopant or defect.
An Epoxide Rearrangement - Radical Rearrangement Approach to 6-Substituted 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptenes: Synthesis of an Epibatidine Analogue (1998)

Base-induced isomerisation of epoxide 9 gives an azanortricyclanol 10 which is a precursor for a novel free-radical induced rearrangement to 6-substituted 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptenes 14 a - c; 14 c (R = 6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) is converted to the epibatidine analogue 2.
A combined segmenting and non-segmenting approach to signal quality estimation for ambulatory photoplethysmography (2014)

Continuous cardiac monitoring of healthy and unhealthy patients can help us understand the progression of heart disease and enable early treatment. Optical pulse sensing is an excellent candidate for continuous mobile monitoring of cardiovascular health indicators, but optical pulse signals are susceptible to corruption from a number of noise sources, including motion artifact. Therefore, before higher-level health indicators can be reliably computed, corrupted data must be separated from valid data. This is an especially difficult task in the presence of artifact caused by ambulation (e.g. walking or jogging), which shares significant spectral energy with the true pulsatile signal. In this manuscript, we present a machine-learning-based system for automated estimation of signal quality of optical pulse signals that performs well in the presence of periodic artifact. We hypothesized that signal processing methods that identified individual heart beats (segmenting approaches) would be more error-prone than methods that did not (non-segmenting approaches) when applied to data contaminated by periodic artifact. We further hypothesized that a fusion of segmenting and non-segmenting approaches would outperform either approach alone. Therefore, we developed a novel non-segmenting approach to signal quality estimation that we then utilized in combination with a traditional segmenting approach. Using this system we were able to robustly detect differences in signal quality as labeled by expert human raters (Pearson's r = 0.9263). We then validated our original hypotheses by demonstrating that our non-segmenting approach outperformed the segmenting approach in the presence of contaminated signal, and that the combined system outperformed either individually. Lastly, as an example, we demonstrated the utility of our signal quality estimation system in evaluating the trustworthiness of heart rate measurements derived from optical pulse signals.