gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The protein bcl-2 alpha does not require membrane attachment, but two conserved domains to suppress apoptosis. (1994)

Bcl-2 is a mitochondrial- and perinuclear-associated protein that prolongs the lifespan of a variety of cell types by interfering with programmed cell death (apoptosis). Bcl-2 seems to function in an antioxidant pathway, and it is believed that membrane attachment mediated by a COOH-terminal hydrophobic tail is required for its full activity. To identify critical regions in bcl-2 alpha for subcellular localization, activity, and/or interaction with other proteins, we created, by site-directed mutagenesis, various deletion, truncation, and point mutations. We show here that membrane attachment is not required for the survival activity of bcl-2 alpha. A truncation mutant of bcl-2 alpha lacking the last 33 amino acids (T3.1) including the hydrophobic COOH terminus shows full activity in blocking apoptosis of nerve growth factor-deprived sympathetic neurons or TNF-alpha-treated L929 fibroblasts. Confocal microscopy reveals that the T3 mutant departs into the extremities of neurites in neurons and filopodias in fibroblasts. Consistently, T3 is predominantly detected in the soluble fraction by Western blotting, and is not inserted into microsomes after in vitro transcription/translation. We further provide evidence for motifs (S-N and S-II) at the NH2 and COOH terminus of bcl-2, which are crucial for its activity.
Automatic vehicle location systems: a tool for computer aided dispatch systems of the future (2003)

The evolution of the system design from the user perspective is presented, and the conditions that led to the need for vehicle location are examined. The operational expectation is compared with the attainable technical performance of such systems. The components of the system (location equipment, data transfer equipment, the display equipment, and the main processing unit), as they pertain to the Toronto pilot system, are reviewed. The various data-gathering methods are described, as are the original attempts to find a technology compatible with the local environment. The prospect of integrating the computer-aided dispatch system with the automatic vehicle location system to increase effectiveness of the dispatch center is discussed, with the need to maintain, in a dynamic manner, an updated mapping database. The error sources inherent in such systems are analyzed and ways to minimize them, where possible, are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis with Adenovirus-Delivered Anti-Tie-2 Intrabody (2005)

Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is a promising approach for cancer therapy. As an endothelial cell-specific receptor kinase expressed almost exclusively on the surface of vascular endothelium, Tie-2 has an important role in tumor angiogenesis. To explore the therapeutic potential of blocking Tie-2 receptor-interaction pathway, an adenoviral vector was used to deliver a recombinant single-chain antibody fragment rabbit intrabody (pAd-2S03) capable of inhibition of both mouse and human Tie-2 surface expression. pAd-2S03 was given to mice with well-established primary tumors, either a human Kaposi's sarcoma (SLK) or a human colon carcinoma (SW1222). The intrabody significantly inhibited growth of both tumors (75% and 63%, respectively) when compared with pAd-GFP control-treated tumors (P < 0.01). Histopathologic analysis of cryosections taken from mice treated with pAd-2S03 revealed a marked decrease in vessel density, which was reduced by >87% in both tumor models when compared with control-treated tumors (P < 0.01). In contrast, human Tie-2-monospecific pAd-1S05 intrabody did not affect the growth of tumors, indicating that the antitumor effect of pAd-2S03 was due to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in these murine models. Our results show that the Tie-2 receptor pathway is essential for both SLK sarcoma and SW1222 colon carcinoma xenograft growth. The present study shows the potential utility of antiangiogenic agents that target the endothelium-specific receptor Tie-2 for down-regulation or genetic deletion.
An enhanced representation of time series which allows fast and accurate classification, clustering and relevance feedback (1998)

We introduce an extended representation of time series that allows fast, accurate classification and clustering in addition to the ability to explore time series data in a relevance feedback framework. The representation consists of piecewise linear segments to represent shape and a weight vector that contains the relative importance of each individual linear segment. In the classification context, the weights are learned automatically as part of the training cycle. In the relevance feedback context, the weights are determined by an interactive and iterative process in which users rate various choices presented to them. Our representation allows a user to define a variety of similarity measures that can be tailored to specific domains. We demonstrate our approach on space telemetry, medical and synthetic data. 1.0 Introduction Time series account for much of the data stored in business, medical, engineering and social science databases. Much of the utility of collecting this data com...
The kinetics of cytological events during double fertilization in <i>Zea mays</i> L. (1994)

By using a clearing method, the process of double fertilization in Zea mays L. (line A 188) was analysed and the precise sequence of events was determined. The period from pollen tube arrival to gamete fusion was relatively short, possibly less than 1 h. The karyogamy was of premitotic type, and the time from the contact of male and female nuclei to the fusion of male and female nucleoli was about 5 h in the egg cell and 3 h in the central cell. In the central cell, the sperm nucleus fused with either one of the polar nuclei or the secondary nucleus, the latter being observed for the first time in maize. The zygote was in the resting period for 13–16 h before division commenced, changing the cell polarity during karyogamy and the resting period. The primary endosperm nucleus divided immediately after karyogamy was completed in the central cell. The embryo sacs with two‐celled proembryos contained four to eight endosperm nuclei. The timetable of fertilization events could be a standard for further studies on in vitro fertilization at the cytological and molecular levels.
Microfluid Dynamics and Acoustics of Resonant Liners (2000)

It is known that most of the acoustic dissipation associated with a resonant liner takes place around the openings of the resonators. However, because the openings are physically very small, there has not been any direct experimental observation of the flow and acoustic fields in this region. As a result, current understanding of liner dissipation mechanisms are either completely theoretical or are based on experiments using much larger physical models. Inasmuch as large openings were used in these experiments, the true Reynolds numbers were unfortunately not reproduced. The flow around and inside a typical liner resonator under the excitation of an incident acoustic field is investigated by direct numerical simulation (DNS). There are two distinct advantages in using DNS. First, by the use of a carefully designed grid, even very small-scale features of the flowfield can be resolved and observed. Second, the correct Reynolds number can be imposed in the simulations. Numerical experiments reveal that at low sound intensity, acoustic dissipation comes mainly from viscous losses in the jetlike unsteady laminar boundary layers adjacent to the walls of the resonator opening. At high sound intensity, dissipation is due to the shedding of microvortices at the mouth of the resonator. The energy dissipation rate associated with the shedding of microvortices is found to be very high. Results of a parametric study of this phenomenon are reported.
A Nuclear Localization Signal of Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1β Is a Novel Bipartite Type Recognized by the Two Components of Nuclear Pore-targeting Complex (1997)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a component of the transcription factors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1, which transactivate their target genes, such as CYP1A1 and erythropoietin, in response to xenobiotic aromatic hydrocarbons and to low O2 concentration, respectively. Since ARNT was isolated as a factor required for the nuclear translocation of AhR from the cytoplasm in response to xenobiotics, the subcellular localization of ARNT has been of great interest. In this investigation, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of ARNT using transient expression of a fusion gene with beta-galactosidase and microinjection of recombinant proteins containing various fragments of ARNT in the linker region of glutathione S-transferase/green fluorescent protein. We found a clear nuclear localization of ARNT in the absence of exogenous ligands to AhR, and identified the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of amino acid residues 39-61. The characterized NLS consists of 23 amino acids, and can be classified as a novel variant of the bipartite type on the basis of having two separate regions responsible for efficient nuclear translocation activity, but considerable deviation of the sequence from the consensus of the classical bipartite type NLSs. Like the well characterized NLS of the SV40 T-antigen, this variant bipartite type of ARNT NLS was also mediated by the two components of nuclear pore targeting complex, PTAC58 and PTAC97, to target to the nuclear rim in an in vitro nuclear transport assay.
Quantifying the Causes of Path Inflation (2003)

Researchers have shown that the Internet exhibits path inflation -- end-to-end paths can be significantly longer than necessary. We present a trace-driven study of 65 ISPs that characterizes the root causes of path inflation, namely topology and routing policy choices within an ISP, between pairs of ISPs, and across the global Internet. To do so, we develop and validate novel techniques to infer intra-domain and peering policies from end-to-end measurements. We provide the first measured characterization of ISP peering policies. In addition to &quot;early-exit,&quot; we observe a significant degree of helpful non-early-exit, load-balancing, and other policies in use between peers. We find that traffic engineering (the explicit addition of policy constraints on top of topology constraints) is widespread in both intra- and inter-domain routing. However, intra-domain traffic engineering has minimal impact on path inflation, while peering policies and inter-domain routing lead to significant inflation. We argue that the underlying cause of inter-domain path inflation is the lack of BGP policy controls to provide convenient engineering of good paths across ISPs.
Morphometric evaluation of the human prostate (2001)

In order to clarify the ageing-related histological changes in the human prostate, a quantitative morphometric analysis was performed. Complete prostates were obtained at autopsy from 281 men (aged 20-84 years) who died in traffic accidents and presented no clinical symptoms of prostatic disease. The prostates were classified as: histologically normal (n=182), with nodular hyperplasia (n=42), with intraepithelial neoplasia (n=40) and carcinomatous with low Gleason grade (n=20). Each prostate was divided into three regions (periurethral, central and peripheral) and the volume of each region, as well as the average volume occupied by stroma and epithelium in each region were quantified. For each parameter, the average values for each age group were compared. In the histologically normal prostates, an increase with ageing in the total volume and the volume occupied by the central region were observed; these increases were mainly caused by an increase in the stromal volume of the central region in men after 30 years of age. No histologically normal prostates were found in men older than 70 years of age. Nodular prostatic hyperplasia was found in men over 30 years of age and a fluctuation in the total volume throughout ageing was observed. Prostates with intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and carcinoma were observed in men aged >20 years and the total volume and those of each prostatic region showed multiple variations, except for the eighth decade where a marked increase with regard to that of the previous decades was observed.
Nitinol gooseneck snare for removal of foreign bodies: experimental study and clinical evaluation. (1991)

The authors describe their use of a new right-angle snare made of nickel-titanium (nitinol) cable for retrieval of foreign bodies and iatrogenically placed devices. The snare loop is at right angles to the cable and comes in five sizes (5, 10, 15, 25, and 35 mm); its radiographic visualization is enhanced by gold-plated tungsten coils. This snare was used to retrieve wire and catheter fragments introduced into the thoracic vasculature of four dogs. Eleven of 13 attempts were successful. Three attempts to retrieve intravascular foreign bodies were successful in two patients; in one of these patients, a 10-mm snare was used to remove a fractured end of a ventriculoatrial shunt tube from the left pulmonary artery. In three other patients, four ureteral stents were successfully removed under fluoroscopic guidance. All retrievals were performed through a vascular sheath and with standard techniques and angiographic equipment. No complications were seen in any of the patients or dogs.
Ligation of the FcRγ Chain-Associated Human Osteoclast-Associated Receptor Enhances the Proinflammatory Responses of Human Monocytes and Neutrophils (2006)

We have previously described the human osteoclast associated receptor (hOSCAR), expressed in all cells of the myeloid lineage, and its immune functions. This receptor, which associates with the FcRgamma chain to transduce an activating signal, induces calcium flux in monocytes and dendritic cells, and modulates specific responses of dendritic cells. In this study, we have examined the effects of hOSCAR ligation on various proinflammatory responses of monocytes and neutrophils. Monocytes stimulated via hOSCAR ligation released IL-8/CXCL8 and other chemokines such as epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78/CXCL5, macrophage-derived chemokine/CCL22, and MCP-1/CCL2 and up-regulated markers involved in cell adhesion and costimulatory functions. Monocytes stimulated via hOSCAR in the absence of survival factors had an increased life span. Although the life span of neutrophils was unaffected, these cells, when stimulated via hOSCAR, rapidly released reactive oxygen intermediates, degranulated lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and also secreted IL-8/CXCL8. Neutrophils also underwent changes in cell surface molecule expression with the cleavage of CD62L and increased expression of CD11b and CD66b after 2-h stimulations. Finally, we demonstrated synergy between hOSCAR and TLR ligands on both monocytes and neutrophils, with up to 8-fold increases in cytokine secretion when hOSCAR was cross-linked in the presence of LPS or R-848. Overall, our data demonstrate that hOSCAR is a functional receptor on monocytes and neutrophils, involved in the induction of the primary proinflammatory cascade and the initiation of downstream immune responses.
Grid-Based Multi-Road-Course Estimation Using Motion Planning (2015)

Knowing the course of the road, together with the corresponding road boundaries is an essential component of many advanced driver-assistance systems and of autonomous vehicles. This work presents an indirect grid-based approach for road course estimation. Due to the grid representation, it is independent of specific features or particular sensors and is able to handle continuous as well as sparse road boundaries of arbitrary shape. Furthermore, the number of road courses in the scene is determined to detect road junctions and forks in the road, and the boundaries of each road course are individually estimated. The approach is based on local path planning and path clustering to find the principal moving directions through the environment. They separate the boundaries and are used for their extraction. The set of local paths and principal moving directions is reduced with approximate knowledge of the road velocity paired with system constraints, and validation and tracking assure the required robustness. Experimental results from autonomous navigation of a vehicle through an unmapped road construction site as well as quantitative evaluations demonstrate the performance of the method.
Recent Development in the Design of Wind Deflectors for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: A Review (2021)

Developments in the design of wind turbines with augmentation are advancing around the globe with the goal of generating electricity close to the user in built-up areas. This is certain to help lessen the power generation load as well as distribution and transmission network costs by reducing the distance between the user and the power source. The main objectives driving the development and advancement of vertical-axis wind turbines are increasing the power coefficient and the torque coefficient by optimizing the upstream wind striking on the rotor blades. Unlike horizontal-axis wind turbines, vertical axis turbines generate not only positive torque but also negative torque during operation. The negative torque generated by the returning blade is a key issue for vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) that is counterproductive. Installation of wind deflectors for flow augmentation helps to reduce the negative torque generated by the returning blades as well as enhance the positive torque by creating a diversion in the upstream wind towards the forwarding blade during operation. This paper reviews various designs, experiments, and CFD simulations of wind deflectors reported to date. Optimization techniques for VAWTs incorporating wind deflectors are discussed in detail. The main focus of the review was on the installation position and orientation of the deflectors and their potential contribution to increasing the power coefficient. Topics for future study are suggested in the conclusion section of the paper.
Contrasting Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Neurotrophin 3 on Cell Cycle Kinetics of Mouse Cortical Stem Cells (2002)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exerts a mitogenic effect on cortical neuroblasts, whereas neurotrophin 3 (NT3) promotes differentiation in these cells. Here we provide evidence that both the mitogenic effect of bFGF and the differentiation-promoting effect of NT3 are linked with modifications of cell cycle kinetics in mouse cortical precursor cells. We adapted an in vitro assay, which makes it possible to evaluate (1) the speed of progression of the cortical precursors through the cell cycle, (2) the duration of individual phases of the cell cycle, (3) the proportion of proliferative versus differentiative divisions, and (4) the influence on neuroglial differentiation. Contrary to what has been claimed previously, bFGF promotes proliferation via a change in cell cycle kinetics by simultaneously decreasing G1 duration and increasing the proportion of proliferative divisions. In contrast, NT3 lengthens G1 and promotes differentiative divisions. We investigated the molecular foundations of these effects and show that bFGF downregulates p27(kip1) and upregulates cyclin D2 expression. This contrasts with NT3, which upregulates p27(kip1) and downregulates cyclin D2 expression. Neither bFGF nor NT3 influences the proportion of glia or neurons in short to medium term cultures. The data point to links between the length of the G1 phase and the type of division of cortical precursors: differentiative divisions are correlated with long G1 durations, whereas proliferative divisions correlate with short G1 durations. The present results suggest that concerted mechanisms control the progressive increase in the cell cycle duration and proportion of differentiative divisions that is observed as corticogenesis proceeds.
Session III: Summary (1983)

Journal Article Session III: Summary Get access King K. Holmes King K. Holmes Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattle, Washington Please address requests for reprints to Dr. King K. Holmes, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1131 14th Avenue, South, Seattle, Washington 98114. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 5, Issue Supplement_3, July-August 1983, Pages S583–S585, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/5.Supplement_3.S583 Published: 01 July 1983
A Simplified Purification Procedure for Human Prostate Antigen (1982)

Methods for purifying the human prostate specific antigen are described. The antigen was isolated from human prostate and seminal plasma. Purified antigen (ca. 1 mg/ml) from seminal plasma was immunologically identical and biochemically similar to that of prostatic tissue.
1. ‘Slang’: the word (2016)

The exact etymology of the word ‘slang’ is unknown. ‘“Slang”: the word’ divides the possible origins and various theories behind the meaning of the term into three groups: (1) Romani; (2) Scandinavian; (3) variations on SE <italic>language</italic> or <italic>lingo</italic> or French <italic>langue</italic>. The shift in slang’s primary meaning of ‘vagrant jargon’ to ‘vulgar speech’ may be attributed to the long-established assumption that if slang is used by those outside social respectability it must be categorized as being outside the linguistic equivalent. The nature of slang—the marginal speech of marginal individuals—naturally makes its recording problematic, especially in its earliest period.
Human Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding Protein Facilitates Heterotrimeric G Protein-dependent Signaling (2001)

In this study we report that human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (hPBP) facilitates heterotrimeric G protein-coupled signaling. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, coexpression of hPBP with human mu opioid receptor, human delta opioid receptor, or human somatostatin receptor 2 evoked an agonist-induced increase in potassium conductance of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling in oocytes could also be elicited by injection of bacterially overexpressed and purified hPBP. Stimulatory effect was pertussis toxin-sensitive and present even in the absence of coexpressed receptors. Additionally, an increase in G protein-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, measured by the inhibition of forskolin-mediated cAMP accumulation, could be detected in HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells after expression of hPBP and in Xenopus oocytes after injection of hPBP. As [(35)S]guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) binding to membranes prepared from hPBP-expressing cells was significantly elevated and recombinant hPBP dose-dependently stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to native membranes, the results presented provide strong evidence that hPBP-induced effects are G protein-dependent. These data suggest a novel function of hPBP in regulating G protein and G protein-coupled receptor signaling in vivo.
Discovery of N<sub>1</sub>-(6-Chloroimidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3]thiazole-5-sulfonyl)tryptamine as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Active 5-HT<sub>6</sub>Receptor Agonist (2007)

N1-Arylsulfonyltryptamines have been identified as 5-HT6 receptor ligands. In particular, N1-(6-chloroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-sulfonyl)tryptamine (11q) is a high affinity, potent full agonist (5-HT6 Ki = 2 nM, EC50 = 6.5 nM, Emax = 95.5%). Compound 11q is selective in a panel of over 40 receptors and ion channels, has good pharmacokinetic profile, has been shown to increase GABA levels in the rat frontal cortex, and is active in the schedule-induced polydipsia model for obsessive compulsive disorders.