gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
186 The Application of Autofluorescence Lifetime Metrology as a Novel Label-free Technique for the Assessment of Cardiac Disease (2014)

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a promising tool for the characterisation of biological tissues and shows the potential for in vivo clinical diagnosis in many diseases. It exploits the inherent photo-physical properties of a number of endogenous molecules. Fluorescence lifetime measurements of these fluorophores such as NADH and flavoproteins present an opportunity to discern functional information concerning myocardial energetics without issues of toxicity or systemic effects associated with the introduction of exogenous compounds. Additionally, autofluorescence from extra-cellular matrix molecules e.g. collagen may provide information on structural changes to the heart. Measurements of fluorescence lifetime are independent of fluorophore concentration, excitation intensity, sample attenuation and other experimental artefacts and can also report on changes to the fluorophore microenvironment e.g. pH and protein binding state. Thus we are interested to develop autofluorescence lifetime (AFL)-based techniques as a myocardial "optical biopsy". We report the application of a custom fibre-optic probe-based time-resolved spectrofluorometer utilising time-correlated single photon counting that we developed to characterise the autofluorescence signatures associated with the histological, morphological, metabolic and functional changes in myocardial tissue in health and disease states. We studied an in vivo rat left anterior descending coronary artery ligation heart failure (MI-HF) model 16 weeks post-infarction, which is a model well characterised in our institution. We observed stable AFL signals across age-matched control (AMC) hearts (n = 6) in different anatomical locations. We observed significant differences in AFL signals between MI-HF (n = 6) and AMC (n = 6) in infarcted regions: left ventricle (LV) anterior wall (p < 0.0001) and "border zone" region (p < 0.0001). We also observed significant differences between MI-HF and AMC in remodelled regions distant to the infarct: LV posterior wall (p < 0.01) and right ventricle (RV) (p < 0.001). Application of principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to the data facilitated development of a diagnostic algorithm to differentiate MI-HF and AMC in a given anatomical location with a high degree of accuracy both in infarcted regions (specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%) and even in remote regions e.g. RV (specificity 96%, sensitivity 89%). This represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first in vivo application of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to the study of the heart. This technique shows promise as a diagnostic tool and could be readily and rapidly translatable into clinical cardiology practice.
Development of a Magnetostrictive Torque Sensor for Milling Process Monitoring (1999)

This paper deals with a sensor system based on the magnetostrictive effect which is installed in a tool holder for sensing cutting torque in order to monitor the milling process. Changes in the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic alloy layers formed onto a rotating shaft due to torque are detected by coils as changes in impedance without contacting the rotating shaft. By mounting the magnetostrictive sensor on a tool holder, it has become possible to detect cutting torque as close to the cutting point as possible. The accuracy of the proposed sensor system is confirmed through static and dynamic evaluation tests. In order to investigate the relationship between tool failure and cutting torque, cutting tests were performed. As the results, the possibility of estimating flank wear and tool fracture from cutting torque detected by the proposed sensor system is recognized.
Glu‐256 is a main structural determinant for oligomerisation of human arginase I (2001)

One determinant that could play a role in the quaternary structure of human arginase is the pair of salt links between the strictly conserved residues R255 from one monomer and E256 from every adjacent subunit. In this work, the ionic interaction between monomers was disrupted by expressing a human arginase where Glu-256 had been substituted by Gln. Biochemical analyses of the mutant protein showed that: (i) it shares the wild-type kinetic parameters of the arginine substrate; (ii) E256Q arginase behaves as a monomer by gel filtration; (iii) it is drastically inactivated by dialysis in the presence of EDTA, an inhibitory effect which is reversed by addition of Mn(2+); and (iv) the mutant enzyme loses thermal stability. The lack of oligomerisation for E256Q arginase and the conservation of E256 throughout evolution of the protein family suggest that this residue is involved in the quaternary structure of arginases.
Identification of wood species by ion mobility spectrometry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of wood species by ion mobility spectrometryA. H. Lawrence, R. James. Barbour, and Roger. SutcliffeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 13, 1217–1221Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00013a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00013a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation-induced cell death in T cells and autoimmunity. (2004)

Activation-induced cell death (AICD), which results from the interaction between Fas and Fas ligand, is responsible for maintaining tolerance to self-antigen. A defect in AICD may lead to development of autoimmunity. During the last several years, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanism(s) of AICD and its potential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress on the regulation of the susceptibility of T cells to AICD and its possible involvement in autoimmune diseases.
Differential regulation of blood vessel formation between standard and delayed bone healing (2009)

Blood vessel formation is a prerequisite for bone healing. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a delay in bone healing is associated with an altered regulation of blood vessel formation. A tibial osteotomy was performed in two groups of sheep and stabilized with either a rigid external fixator leading to standard healing or with a highly rotationally unstable one leading to delayed healing. At days 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21, and 42 after surgery, total RNA was extracted from the callus. Gene expressions of vWF, an endothelial cell marker, and of several molecules related to blood vessel formation were studied by qPCR. Furthermore, histology was performed on fracture hematoma and callus sections. Histologically, the first blood vessels were detected at day 7 in both groups. mRNA expression levels of vWF, Ang1, Ang2, VEGF, CYR61, FGF2, MMP2, and TIMP1 were distinctly lower in the delayed compared to the standard healing group at several time points. Based on differential expression patterns, days 7 and 21 postoperatively were revealed to be essential time points for vascularization of the ovine fracture callus. This work demonstrates for the first time a differential regulation of blood vessel formation between standard and mechanically induced delayed healing in a sheep osteotomy model.
Normal Thoracoabdominal Motions. Influence of Sex, Age, Posture, and Breath Size (1995)

The purpose of this study was to assess normal values of thoracoabdominal motions (TAM) during spontaneous breathing and vital capacity (VC) maneuvers in relation to sex, age, and body position. For this, 120 healthy subjects from 10 to > 60 yr old were studied using the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (Respitrace). The volume-motion coefficients obtained during quiet breathing for the rib cage (RC) were almost twice those for the abdomen (ABD) and were not influenced by sex or age and also not by posture, except for the increased ABD coefficients in the supine posture (p < 0.05). Under most conditions RC motion predominated over ABD motion, except quiet breathing in the supine position. Sex-related differences in TAM were not found during quiet breathing, yet during VC maneuvers the women were slightly more RC breathing (p < 0.01). Age-related differences were also only significant during VC maneuvers: men of more than 50 yr old especially became less RC breathing. Posture had a very significant effect (p < 0.001) during quiet breathing as well as during VC maneuvers: the RC predominance was greatest in the standing posture and least in the supine posture. During VC maneuvers the subjects became more RC breathers than during quiet breathing (p < 0.001). The X-Y coordinates of RC motion (on the Y axis) versus ABD motion (on the X axis) showed under all conditions a counterclockwise looping during the breathing cycle: the looping was elliptic during quiet breathing but was more irregular and variable during VC maneuvers, and this also depended on body position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reconfigurable Pin-Type Tooling: A Survey of Prior Art and Reduction to Practice (2007)

The idea of using a bed-of-pins as a completely reconfigurable discrete tool surface (referred to as a reconfigurable pin-type tool) for forming or molding of mechanical components has been around for at least 140years. Interestingly, the state-of-the-art today differs little from early patents except for the introduction of powered actuation and computer control. To help explain why this promising manufacturing technology is not used more extensively in industry, this paper attempts to tell a complete story about reconfigurable pin-type tooling through analysis of the state-of-the-art academic and industrial research, and commercialization of the concept from the original patented concept in 1863. The authors begin by defining what a reconfigurable tool is and by describing what characteristics an ideal reconfigurable tool should have. Next, the history of reconfigurable tooling patents from 1863 to 2003 and related research from the late 1960s to the present is recounted. One major research effort that eventually led to the development of a commercial project was the U.S. government-sponsored Reconfigurable Tooling for Flexible Fabrication project. A critical analysis shows that the state-of-the-art in reconfigurable pin-type tooling meets all specifications of the defined “ideal tool” with the exception of spatial resolution and weight. Finally, the reserved response by industry to adopt reconfigurable pin-type tooling and future of reconfigurable tooling is discussed.
Targeted Discovery and Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for Resistance to Northern Leaf Blight and Other Foliar Fungal Diseases in Maize. (2007)

3. Implications of using HIF approach for QTL analysis: – HIF analysis was found to be an effective shortcut for targeted QTL analysis and NIL development. – Each derived NIL pair is in unique genetic background. Susceptible backgrounds are more suitable for further characterization and fine-mapping, while dQTL detected in highly resistant backgrounds still need to be backcrossed. Small scale, across-family pre-testing can provide useful information on the resistant levels and phenotypic variations of different families, which can help in eliminating the highly resistant ones. – To increase efficiency, the HIF approach can be applied through a more genotype-driven way: identify NIL pairs for target loci in F5 or F6 first, and evaluate the F5:7 or F5:8 progeny with traits of interest later.
Fuzzy model identification for classification of gait events in paraplegics (1997)

Fuzzy system identification was applied to a biomedical system for classification purposes. Gait achieved through functional electrical stimulation (FES) of paraplegics was divided using sensor measurements of kinematic variables as inputs to five discrete events. Two identification algorithms were used to estimate the system model. Both max-min and max-product composition were used. Membership functions were either trapezoidal or triangular and all membership functions in a particular universe of discourse had the same shape and size. The universe of discourse was varied by altering the overlap between membership functions. The classification performance was assessed quantitatively, by measuring the percentage of time steps in which the correct event was found, and qualitatively, by observing types of errors. The identification algorithm affected system performance. No difference in classification was found between max-min and max-product composition. The performance was dependent on membership function overlap. A comparison of the classification found using the fuzzy rule base versus that found using a traditional look-up table demonstrated that the fuzzy approach was superior. It is speculated that the use of fuzzy logic decreased errors stemming from sensor noise and/or small variations in the input signals. The performance of this approach was compared to that of a feedforward neural network and the fuzzy system is found superior.
Montmorillonite catalysis of RNA oligomer formation in aqueous solution. A model for the prebiotic formation of RNA (1993)

Oligomers of adenylic acid of up to the 11-mer in length are formed by the reaction of the phosphorimidazolide of adenosine (ImpA) in pH 8 aqueous solution at room temperature in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite. These oligomers are joined by phosphodiester bonds in which the 3',5'-linkage predominates over the 2',5'-linkage by a 2:1 ratio. Reaction of a 9:1 mixture of ImpA, A5'ppA results in the formation of oligomers with a 3:1 ratio of 3',5'- to 2',5'-linked phosphodiester bonds. A high proportion of these oligomers contain the A5'ppA grouping. A5'ppA reacts much more rapidly with ImpA than does 5'-ADP (ppA) or 5'-ATP (pppA). The exchangeable cation associated with the montmorillonite effects the observed catalysis with Li+, Na+, NH4+, and Ca2+ being the more effective while Mg2+ and Al3+ are almost ineffective catalysts. 2',5'-Linked oligomers, up to the tetramer in length, are formed using UO2(2+)-montmorillonite. The structure analysis of individual oligomer fractions was performed by selective enzymatic and KOH hydrolytic studies followed by HPLC analysis of the reaction products. It is concluded from the composition of the oligomers that the rate of addition ImpA to a 3'-terminus containing a 2',5'-linkage is slower than the addition to a nucleoside joined by a 3',5'-linked phosphodiester bond. The potential importance of mineral catalysis of the formation of RNA and other oligomers on primitive Earth is discussed.
A computer-aided design methodology for low power sequential logic circuits (1996)

Rapid increases in chip complexity, increasingly faster clocks, and the proliferation of portable devices have combined to make power dissipation an important design parameter. The power consumption of a digital system determines its heat dissipation as well as battery life. For some systems, power has become the most critical design constraint. In this
Characterization of two novel saccharolytic, anaerobic thermophiles, Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov. and Thermoanaerobacterium zeae sp. nov., and emendation of the genus Thermoanaerobacterium. (2001)

Two anaerobic, thermophilic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria with an array of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes were isolated from the leachate of a waste pile from a canning factory in Hoopeston, East Central Illinois, USA. The results of 16S rDNA sequence homology indicated that their closest relatives belong to the saccharolytic, thermophilic and anaerobic genera of Thermoanaerobacterium and Thermoanaerobacter. Although, the evolutionary distances between these bacteria and their closest relatives are greater than 11%, there is no defining phenotypic characteristic for the creation of a new genus. It is proposed that these bacteria should be placed in the genus Thermoanaerobacterium, which requires emendment of the genus description with regard to the reduction of thiosulfate to sulfur, because neither isolate is capable of this reduction. Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum reduces thiosulfate to sulfide, whereas Thermoanaerobacterium zeae is unable to reduce thiosulfate. The cells of both isolates are rod-shaped and exist as single cells or sometimes in pairs. Cells are motile by means of flagella. Growth occurs between 45 and 72 degrees C, with optimum temperature of 65-68 degrees C at pH 6.8. The pH range for growth is from 4 to 8 at a temperature of 65 degrees C. Both organisms ferment glucose, arabinose, maltose, mannose, rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, cellobiose, raffinose, melibiose and melezitose. The major end products of fermentation with glucose are ethanol and CO2, with lesser amounts of acetate, formate, lactate and hydrogen. The DNA G+C contents of Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov. and Thermoanaerobacterium zeae sp. nov. are 46 and 42 mol%, respectively. The type strains are KMTHCJT (= ATCC BAA-17T = DSM 13641T) and mel2T (= ATCC BAA-16T = DSM 13642T), respectively.
A Synthesis of Tryptophan and Tryptophan Analogs<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of Tryptophan and Tryptophan Analogs1H. R. Snyder and J. A. MacDonaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 5, 1257–1259Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01610a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01610a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views548Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activity of Scorpion Venom-Derived Antifungal Peptides against Planktonic Cells of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans Biofilms (2016)

The incidence of fungal infections has been increasing in the last decades, while the number of available antifungal classes remains the same. The natural and acquired resistance of some fungal species to available therapies, associated with the high toxicity of these drugs on the present scenario and makes an imperative of the search for new, more efficient and less toxic therapeutic choices. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential class of antimicrobial drugs consisting of evolutionarily conserved multifunctional molecules with both microbicidal and immunomodulatory properties being part of the innate immune response of diverse organisms. In this study, we evaluated 11 scorpion-venom derived non-disulfide-bridged peptides against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> and <i>Candida</i> spp., which are important human pathogens. Seven of them, including two novel molecules, showed activity against both genera with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 3.12 to 200 μM and an analogous activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms. Most of the peptides presented low hemolytic and cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells. Modifications in the primary peptide sequence, as revealed by <i>in silico</i> and circular dichroism analyses of the most promising peptides, underscored the importance of cationicity for their antimicrobial activity as well as the amphipathicity of these molecules and their tendency to form alpha helices. This is the first report of scorpion-derived AMPs against <i>C. neoformans</i> and our results underline the potential of scorpion venom as a source of antimicrobials. Further characterization of their mechanism of action, followed by molecular optimization to decrease their cytotoxicity and increase antimicrobial activity, is needed to fully clarify their real potential as antifungals.
Composition and structure of "Group A saponin" in soybean seed. (1991)

The composition of "group A saponin" in the seed hypocotyl of soybean was analyzed, and six kinds of "group A saponins," named Aa, Ab, Ac, Ad, Ae and Af according to their elution order from HPLC, were detected. On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, Aa, Ab, Ae and Af are shown to be identical with the known saponins, acetyl-soyasaponins A4, Aj, A5 and A2, respectively, whilst Ac and Ad were novel saponins possessing different sugar chains. In all these saponins, the terminal sugar of the oligosaccharide chain attached to C-22 of an aglycone (soyasapogenol A) was acetylated in the soybean seed.
Epidemiology of Nosocomial Fungal Infections, with Emphasis on Candida Species (1995)

Currently, about 180 hospitals participate in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. From January 1980 through April 1990, 27,200 fungal isolates causing nosocomial infections were reported from these hospitals; Candida species accounted for 19,621 (72.1%) of these isolates. Immunocompromised patients are at particularly high risk for candidemia. In patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with vancomycin and/or imipenem appears to be an independent risk factor for candidemia; colonization of stool by Candida species may be another important predisposing factor in these patients. Rapid detection of invasive candidemia in these high-risk patients is particularly important to the improvement of rates of survival. Methods for rapid detection, such as the measurement of mannan (the major cell-wall polysaccharide of Candida), may be useful for diagnosing invasive candidiasis and for monitoring the response of this infection to antifungal therapy. Further studies of risk factors and the development of new methods for rapid diagnosis and monitoring should help decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial fungal infections.