gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Interlocking of Adhesive Bonds to CCA-Treated Southern Pine—A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study (1992)

New adhesively bonded products made from lumber, veneer, flakes, and fibers that are protected from biological deterioration can play a prominent role in the marketplace if difficulties in bonding preservative-treated wood can be overcome. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that bonds of extraordinary integrity can be developed in southern pine treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservative if a durable adhesive penetrates deeply enough to mechanically interlock within the cellular structure of the wood. Scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectrometry were used to explore the interfacing of adhesive with the cellular structure of wood treated with CCA preservative. The surfaces of cell lumens were thoroughly covered with hemispherically shaped deposits consisting of mixtures of chromium, copper, and arsenic. The micrographs support physicochemical theories of bonding of metals to microfibrils in cell walls. The presence of insoluble metallic deposits was so pervasive that most opportunities for molecular forces of attraction to act between normally polar wood and adhesive were physically blocked. Our results nevertheless show that adhesion by mechanical interlocking of a phenolic adhesive deep in the cellular structure of CCA-treated southern pine can produce delamination-resistant bonds even after severe cyclic aging.
Elliptic Function Filters Designed in LTCC (2006)

A 35GHz elliptic function four poles bandpass filter that is compatible with multi-layer substrate integrated wave-guide (MSIW) technique based on low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) is presented. The filter consists of four MSIW cavities in a multi-layer design, with evanescent-mode coupling between adjacent cavities and a cross coupling between the first and last cavities, and are fed by micro-strip lines through slot apertures. The simulated filter response has a bandwidth of 1.6% centered at 35 GHz with an insertion loss of 1dB, and two poles at 34.39 GHz and 35.73 GHz, respectively.
Amelogenin, a major structural protein in mineralizing enamel, is also expressed in soft tissues: brain and cells of the hematopoietic system (2006)

The amelogenin protein is considered as the major molecular marker of developing and mineralizing ectodermal enamel. It regulates the shape, size, and direction of growth of the enamel mineral crystallite. Recent data suggest other roles for amelogenin beyond regulation of enamel mineral crystal growth. The present study describes our recent discovery of amelogenin expression in soft tissues: in brain and in cells of the hematopoietic system, such as macrophages, megakaryocytes and in some of the hematopoietic stem cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by cDNA sequencing revealed, in mouse brain, two amelogenin mRNA isoforms: the full-length amelogenin including exon 4, and the isoform lacking exon 4. Immunohistochemistry revealed amelogenin expression in brain glial cells. Mouse macrophages were found to express the full-length amelogenin sequence lacking exon 4. Confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of amelogenin and CD41 (a megakaryocyte marker), as well as amelogenin and CD34 (a hematopoietic stem cell marker) in some of the bone marrow cells. The expression of amelogenin, a major structural protein of the mineralizing extracellular enamel matrix, also in cells of non-mineralizing soft tissues, suggests that amelogenin is multifunctional. Several different potential functions of amelogenin are discussed.
Immunological abnormalities in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. (1989)

Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis is often associated with clinical and laboratory features that resemble those observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe a 24-year-old woman with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis who was studied for serologic markers of autoimmunity and for immune clearance in terms of in vivo Fc receptor function. A markedly depressed immune clearance and splenic uptake of radiolabelled and IgG coated autologous erythrocytes was observed. The magnitude of this defect equaled or exceeded the most severe defects seen in a group of patients with SLE. This phenomenon was associated with markedly depressed serum C4 levels, a variably positive Sm antibody, and normal circulating immune complex concentrations. In addition, many clinical extrahepatic manifestations meeting criteria for classifying SLE were present. These findings further support the concept of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and SLE being part of spectrum of overlapping autoimmune diseases.
A Most Probable Point Based Method for Uncertainty Analysis (2000)

Abstract Uncertainty is inevitable at every stage of the life cycle development of a product. To make use of probabilistic information and to make reliable decisions by incorporating decision maker’s risk attitude under uncertainty, methods for propagating the effect of uncertainty are therefore needed. When designing complex systems, the efficiency of methods for uncertainty analysis becomes critical. In this paper, a most probable point (MPP) based uncertainty analysis (MPPUA) method is proposed. The concept of the MPP is utilized to generate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a system output by evaluating the probability estimates at a serial of limit states. To improve the efficiency of locating the MPP, a novel MPP search algorithm is presented that employs a set of searching strategies, including evaluating derivatives to direct a search, tracing the MPP locus, and predicting the initial point for MPP search. A mathematical example and the Pratt & Whitney (PW) engine design are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. With the MPPUA method, the probabilistic distribution of a system output can be generated across the whole range of its performance.
Pathogenicity island evaluation in Escherichia coli K1 by crossing with laboratory strain K-12 (1996)

In bacterial pathogens, strain-specific chromosomal segments often contain genes encoding strain-specific traits, and because these genes often appear to be dedicated to pathogenic interactions with eucaryotic hosts, the segments containing them may be considered so-called pathogenicity islands (G. Blum, M. Ott, A. Lischewski, A. Ritter, H. Imrich, H. Tschape, and J. Hacker, Infect. Immun. 62:606-614, 1994). We evaluated the contribution to pathogenesis of a recently identified strain-specific chromosomal segment from an Escherichia coli K1 mammalian-newborn sepsis strain: transfer of E. coli K-12 DNA sequences near 64 min, by P1 transduction, into K1 strain RS218 resulted in an RS218-K-12 chimera that (i) contained a shortened NotIotl restriction fragment (relative to wild-type RS218) encompassing the 64-min region; (ii) lacked invasiveness in newborn rats; and (iii) grew in vitro, in both rich and minimal laboratory media, indistinguishably from strain RS218. In addition, genomic DNA from the chimera failed to hybridize with sequences of the K1 capsule genes from strain RS218, suggesting that the chromosomal segment near 64 min which was lost contained these sequences and indeed contained K1-specific virulence genes. Transfer of K-12 sequences resulting in deletion of E. coli pathogen-specific chromosomal segments may afford a general method of detecting genes encoding virulence and/or other distinguishing traits.
Difference in Hydration between Carboxybetaine and Sulfobetaine (2010)

In this work, we report a study on the differential hydration of carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine using molecular simulations. The coordination number, spatial distribution, dipole orientation distribution, and residence time of water molecules around the positively charged group (N(CH(3))(3)(+)) and negatively charged group (COO(-) for carboxybetaine and SO(3)(-) for sulfobetaine) were investigated to compare the hydration of these two betaines. The results show that the negatively charged group of sulfobetaine has more water molecules around it than that of carboxybetaine, while the water molecules around the negatively charged group of the carboxybetaine have a sharper spatial distribution, more preferential dipole orientation, and longer residence time. The behavior of water molecules around the positively charged group of sulfobetaine is similar to those around the positively charged group of carboxybetaine. For both sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine, the positively charged groups are surrounded by more water molecules than the negatively charged groups, whereas the water molecules around the negatively charged groups are more ordered than those around the positively charged ones. We also investigated the hydration free energy of these two molecules with the free energy perturbation method and found that their values are all considerably lower than that of oligo(ethylene glycol).
Low-biased fiber-optic link for microwave downconversion (1996)

Downconversion of microwave signals using fiber-optic links is investigated while low-biasing one modulator in a cascaded pair. Enhancement of the downconverted signal and variation of intermodulation distortion terms as a function of phase bias are studied theoretically and experimentally. Distortion is significant at high local oscillator powers needed to minimize conversion loss.
ADAM17 deficiency by mature neutrophils has differential effects on L-selectin shedding (2006)

L-selectin directs neutrophils to sites of inflammation, and upon their activation, surface expression of the receptor is rapidly down-regulated by ectodomain shedding. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE, or ADAM17) is a sheddase of L-selectin; however, Adam17 gene targeting (ADAM17(DeltaZn/DeltaZn)) in mice is perinatal lethal and its role in L-selectin shedding by mature neutrophils has not been determined. This was addressed here by using radiation-chimeric mice reconstituted with ADAM17(DeltaZn/DeltaZn) fetal liver cells. ADAM17-deficient neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes failed to shed L-selectin in response to PMA, as did neutrophils infiltrating the inflamed peritoneum. In addition, the absence of functional ADAM17 resulted in significantly increased levels of L-selectin surface expression by peripheral-blood leukocytes, indicating the sheddase also plays a role in the constitutive cleavage of L-selectin. Interestingly, not all manners of L-selectin turnover required ADAM17. Plasma L-selectin levels were similar between ADAM17(DeltaZn/DeltaZn)-chimeric and control mice, as was the shedding of L-selectin by neutrophils undergoing spontaneous apoptosis. The latter process, however, was diminished by a metalloprotease inhibitor, indicating the role of a sheddase other than ADAM17. Together, our data reveal that L-selectin's surface density on neutrophils is regulated by ADAM17, but homeostatic L-selectin cleavage is not.
Proactive Use of Shared L3 Caches to Enhance Cache Communications in Multi-Core Processors (2008)

The software and hardware techniques to exploit the potential of multi-core processors are falling behind, even though the number of cores and cache levels per chip is increasing rapidly. There is no explicit communications support available, and hence inter-core communications depend on cache coherence protocols, resulting in demand-based cache line transfers with their inherent latency and overhead. In this paper, we present software controlled eviction (SCE) to improve the performance of multithreaded applications running on multi-core processors by moving shared data to shared cache levels before it is demanded from remote private caches. Simulation results show that SCE offers significant performance improvement (8-28%) and reduces L3 cache misses by 88-98%.
Synaptic Plasticity in <i> CNGA3 <sup>−/−</sup> </i> Mice: Cone Bipolar Cells React on the Missing Cone Input and Form Ectopic Synapses with Rods (2006)

In the mammalian retina, rods and cones connect to distinct sets of bipolar cells. Rods are presynaptic to a single type of rod bipolar cell, whereas cones connect to different types of cone bipolar cells. Synaptic rewiring between cone photoreceptor terminals and rod bipolar cell dendrites has been described as a general result of photoreceptor degeneration. To investigate whether cone bipolar cells also show synaptic plasticity in the absence of cone input, we studied the connectivity of cone bipolar cell dendrites in CNGA3(-/-) mice, a model with specific loss of cone photoreceptor function. Dendritic connections of ON and OFF cone bipolar cells were visualized using specific cell markers or by intracellular injection with fluorescent dyes. The results show that cone bipolar cells in CNGA3(-/-) mice form ectopic synapses with rods. In contrast, cone bipolar cells do not form ectopic synapses with rods in CNGA3(-/-)Rho(-/-) mice, in which both types of photoreceptors are nonfunctional. In analogy with these results, we found that input-deprived rod bipolar cells form ectopic synapses with functional cones in Rho(-/-) mice but not with inoperable cones in the CNGA3(-/-)Rho(-/-) mouse. Our data indicate that the formation of ectopic bipolar cell synapses in the outer plexiform layer requires a functional presynaptic photoreceptor.
Oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus (2011)

Increasing evidences have suggested that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidative stress also appears to be the pathogenic factor in underlying diabetic complications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by environmental factors, such as ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens, and also by endogenous processes, including energy metabolism in mitochondria. ROS produced either endogenously or exogenously can attack lipids, proteins and nucleic acids simultaneously in living cells. There are many potential mechanisms whereby excess glucose metabolites traveling along these pathways might promote the development of DM complication and cause pancreatic β cell damage. However, all these pathways have in common the formation of ROS, that, in excess and over time, causes chronic oxidative stress, which in turn causes defective insulin gene expression and insulin secretion as well as increased apoptosis. Various methods for determining biomarkers of cellular oxidative stress have been developed, and some have been proposed for sensitive assessment of antioxidant defense and oxidative damage in diabetes and its complications. However, their clinical utility is limited by less than optimal standardization techniques and the lack of sufficient large-sized, multi-marker prospective trials.
Tetramic Acids as Scaffolds: Synthesis, Tautomeric and Antibacterial Behaviour (2009)

Efficient synthetic routes for tetramic acids variously substituted on the ring nitrogen, their tautomeric behaviour in solution and their antibiotic activity are reported.
A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCUMFERENCE AND WEIGHT IN TREES AND ITS BEARING ON BRANCHING ANGLES (1927)

Observation reveals a linear relationship between the logarithm of the circumference of a tree, branch, or leaf stem, and the logarithm of the weight of the tree, branch, or leaf. The bearing of this on the angles of branching in trees is discussed.
Effects of fatty acids and inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis on the growth of a human breast cancer cell line in culture. (1990)

Dietary lipids may influence breast cancer progression and prognosis. The MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line was used to examine the direct effects of the various classes of free fatty acids (FAs) on growth in serum-free medium and the involvement of eicosanoid biosynthesis. Linoleic acid, an omega 6 FA, stimulated MDA-MB-231 cell growth with an optimal effect at a concentration of 0.75 microgram/ml, whereas oleic acid, an omega 9 FA, produced growth stimulation at 0.25 microgram/ml but was inhibitory at higher concentrations. Docosahexaenoic acid exhibited a dose-related inhibition of cell growth at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 micrograms/ml; eicosapentaenoic acid, also an omega 3 FA, was less effective. Similar inhibitory effects occurred with saturated FAs. Indomethacin, which at high concentrations is an inhibitor of both the cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-catalyzed pathways of eicosanoid synthesis, suppressed cell growth stimulation by an otherwise optimal dose of linoleic acid when present at 40 micrograms/ml. Experiments with piroxicam, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and esculetin, other inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis with varying selectivity for enzymes of the prostaglandin and leukotriene pathways, indicated that MDA-MB-231 cell growth was dependent on leukotriene rather than prostaglandin production.
In vivo diffusion‐weighted MRI of the breast: Potential for lesion characterization (2002)

The study clearly shows that DW-MRI can help characterize breast lesions in vivo.
Automatic generation of voiceless excitation in a vocal-cord/vocal-tract speech synthesizer (1975)

A vocal-cord and vocal-tract model, described earlier [Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Acoust., London (1974)], synthesizes speech from physiologically based control parameters. The parameters represent subglottal (lung) pressure, vocal-cord tension, vocal-cord rest area, and vocal-tract shape. Voiced sounds are generated from these controls by a dynamic model of the vocal cords. Voiceless sounds are generated from exactly the same input parameters by automatic computation of turbulent flow at constricted places in the vocal tract. The complete model is programmed on a laboratory computer and the automatic computation of voiceless excitation is demonstrated.
Adaptive transmission of VoIP packets using TTI bundling in LTE uplink (2014)

In long term evolution (LTE) uplink, transmission time interval (TTI) bundling technique is employed for the voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service to improve the cell coverage performance. In frequency-division duplex (FDD) mode, LTE uses 4 TTIs or subframes as a bundle for transmission with a round trip time (RTT) 16ms. Thus the maximum number of transmission bundles is only three if the delay budget is strictly limited to 50ms in VoIP service. Recently, a coverage-enhanced scheme can transmit up to five bundles, but lacks time for feedback processing. Once the unnecessary retransmissions occur, the user equipment (UE) transmit power can be wasted for extra transmission. To overcome this problem, we propose an adaptive scheme using block error rate (BLER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) mapping table, which enables UE predetermine the maximum number of transmission bundles appropriately. Instead of using five transmission bundles, our proposed scheme requires no more than five transmission bundles according to SNR variation scale of the channel. The conducted simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve higher throughput than coverage-enhanced scheme by reducing unnecessary retransmissions, while it still satisfies the BLER requirements by employing a tolerance factor.
Gut Microbiome and Brain-Gut Axis in Autism — Aberrant Development of Gut-Brain Communication and Reward Circuitry (2013)

Gut Microbiome and Brain-Gut Axis in Autism — Aberrant Development of Gut-Brain Communication and Reward Circuitry
Buried-Line Back-Gated Triode Field Emission Devices (2006)

Reported in this paper is recent work on a new type of back-gated triode device. Fabrication of the device and modeled performance predictions will be discussed.
Novel Plant-Based Particulate and Fibrous LCM Products for Loss Control while Drilling (2019)

Abstract Novel fibrous and particulate LCM products of variable mechanical characteristics and chemical composition were developed using physio-mechanical treatment and processing of various waste components of date palm trees available each year as pruning wastes, post crop harvesting wastes, waste generated after making cookies and confectioneries and also the waste arising due to the removal of deceased and non-productive date trees. Experimental tests conducted using PPT apparatus at 500 and 1500 psi pressure and 250 °F temperature using 2 mm slotted disc demonstrated the efficient sealing and blocking for all of the particulate and fibrous LCM products either immediately after the application of the overbalance pressure or after a while. Some of the LCM products showed instantaneous sealing capacity after the application of overbalance pressure. Several commercial LCM products were also tested and evaluated using the same concentration and test conditions for comparative assessment of the performance of the newly developed LCM products. Interestingly, all of the new LCM products showed similar or better performance than the equivalent commercial products. Engineered fiber blends developed using the date palm industry waste also showed similar or better performance than the commercial or currently used LCM blends. Experimental results also indicated the suitability of date palm industry waste in replacing some of the synthetic fibers used by the industry in commercial LCM blend design. All these experimental results indicate that the date palm industry wastes are potential sources of raw materials for various product development for oil and gas field applications.
CD47-SIRPα Interactions Regulate Macrophage Uptake of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes and Clearance of Malaria <i>In Vivo</i> (2016)

CD47 engagement by the macrophage signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) inhibits phagocytic activity and protects red blood cells (RBCs) from erythrophagocytosis. The role of CD47-SIRPα in the innate immune response to Plasmodium falciparum infection is unknown. We hypothesized that disruption of SIRPα signaling may enhance macrophage uptake of malaria parasite-infected RBCs. To test this hypothesis, we examined in vivo clearance in CD47-deficient mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and in vitro phagocytosis of P. falciparum-infected RBCs by macrophages from SHP-1-deficient (Shp-1(-/-)) mice and NOD.NOR-Idd13.Prkdc(scid) (NS-Idd13) mice, as well as human macrophages, following disruption of CD47-SIRPα interactions with anti-SIRPα antibodies or recombinant SIRPα-Fc fusion protein. Compared to their wild-type counterparts, Cd47(-/-) mice displayed significantly lower parasitemia, decreased endothelial activation, and enhanced survival. Using macrophages from SHP-1-deficient mice or from NS-Idd13 mice, which express a SIRPα variant that does not bind human CD47, we showed that altered SIRPα signaling resulted in enhanced phagocytosis of P. falciparum-infected RBCs. Moreover, disrupting CD47-SIRPα engagement using anti-SIRPα antibodies or SIRPα-Fc fusion protein also increased phagocytosis of P. falciparum-infected RBCs. These results indicate an important role for CD47-SIRPα interactions in innate control of malaria and suggest novel targets for intervention.
Memory effects compensation in RF power amplifiers by using envelope injection technique (2002)

This paper addresses the compensation of memory effects in RF power amplifiers (PAs). Such effects impair the cancellation performance of most linearization methods. This study applies the envelope injection technique together with memoryless RF predistortion to a MESFET PA. The results, corroborated by simulations and measurements, show a good improvement in cancellation performance both in the modulation frequency and the amplitude domain. Also, the paper presents new simulation and measurement techniques for characterizing the optimum injection signal.