gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in TV (2010)

The digital television (DTV) semiconductor market is expected to grow to $7.7billion in 2010 and to $10 billion in 2013, an 18% CAGR. Flat screen DTV semiconductor revenue will grow to $6.9 billion in 2010 and to $9 billion in 2013, a 25% CAGR. The above mentioned numbers provide huge opportunity for TV vendors but in a highly-competitive environment. Introducing value added features is one of the ways to address the intense competition. Increase in the number of television channels and programs have provided a number of choices to the consumer, which has led to confusion. The user interested favorite item can be a song, a comedy scene. This may be transmitted in a particular channel while he is viewing another one and the user might end up missing his favorite program. This write-up proposes a solution by which the manufacturer will be able to provide an advanced feature, which ensures the consumers get a great experience without missing their favorites.
Anatomy of Fingerprint Search Calculations on Structurally Diverse Sets of Active Compounds (2005)

Similarity searching using molecular fingerprints is a widely used approach for the identification of novel hits. A fingerprint search involves many pairwise comparisons of bit string representations of known active molecules with those precomputed for database compounds. Bit string overlap, as evaluated by various similarity metrics, is used as a measure of molecular similarity. Results of a number of studies focusing on fingerprints suggest that it is difficult, if not impossible, to develop generally applicable search parameters and strategies, irrespective of the compound classes under investigation. Rather, more or less, each individual search problem requires an adjustment of calculation conditions. Thus, there is a need for diagnostic tools to analyze fingerprint-based similarity searching. We report an analysis of fingerprint search calculations on different sets of structurally diverse active compounds. Calculations on five biological activity classes were carried out with two fingerprints in two compound source databases, and the results were analyzed in histograms. Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) value ranges where active compounds were detected were compared to the distribution of Tc values in the database. The analysis revealed that compound class-specific effects strongly influenced the outcome of these fingerprint calculations. Among the five diverse compound sets studied, very different search results were obtained. The analysis described here can be applied to determine Tc intervals where scaffold hopping occurs. It can also be used to benchmark fingerprint calculations or estimate their probability of success.
Synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein and transthyretin by cultured retinal pigment epithelium (1994)

Recent studies indicate that the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may serve as an extrahepatic source of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) for the retina by virtue of the fact that this cell layer is the exclusive retinal location for mRNA coding for these proteins [Herbert, J., et al. (1991) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32, 302-309; Cavallaro, T., et al. (1990) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 31, 497-501], although the proteins themselves are present in a variety of retinal neurons. It is therefore necessary to determine whether these mRNAs are translated and whether their translated products are secreted like hepatic RBP and TTR. Metabolic labeling of cultured bovine RPE with [35S]cysteine and [35S]methionine and subsequent analysis of newly synthesized proteins in the conditioned medium by affinity chromatography, gel filtration, partial amino acid sequence analysis, and autoradiography of electrophoretograms indicate that both RBP and TTR are synthesized and secreted by the RPE. Moreover, for cells grown in chambers with permeable supports, the predominant direction for secretion was into the apical medium. The mean apical:basal ratio after 72 h of incubation was 9.2 for TTR and 4.5 for RBP. A function for these proteins in the neurosensory retina remains speculative. They could be involved in the delivery of all-trans-retinol to amacrine and Müller cells as a precursor for retinoic acid, since these cells are known to contain cellular retinoic acid binding protein [Gaur, V.P., et al. (1990) Exp. Eye Res. 50, 505-511; Milam et al. (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. 296, 123-129].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TiO<sub>2</sub>nanocrystals decorated CVD graphene for electroanalytical sensing (2017)

In this work, the manufacturing and characterization of an optically transparent and UV-light photoactive anode, formed of monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and decorated with a close packed multilayered nanostructured layout of colloidal TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanocrystals (NCs), are reported. The hybrid material has been prepared by a facile solution-based procedure, which relays on soaking the CVD graphene in a solution of 1-pyrene butyric acid (PBA) surface coated TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NCs, achieved upon implementation of a capping exchange process for displacing the pristine organic ligand deriving from the colloidal synthesis. Pyrene undergoes Aπ-π stacking interactions, anchoring the NCs to the platform with retention of the NC geometry and composition. The NCs immobilize onto the graphene platform with preservation of its aromatic structure and the resulting hybrid has been found optically transparent in the visible spectral range. (Photo)electrochemical investigation shows that the composite material has a promising sensitivity for selectively detecting dopamine and norepinephrine and, concomitantly, exhibits a (photo)electric activity higher than that of bare graphene. Thus, the achieved hybrid material results interesting for the manufacturing of photo-active components to integrate in photo-renewable sensor elements along with photodetectors and solar cells.
A study on 1:N protected WDM systems and the architecture of an ADM for its implementation (1998)

The benefit and the restoration procedure of 1:N protected wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system, which can reduce the cost of the system, is proposed. To implement it, a unique wavelength is assigned as a protection channel and it should be able to be dropped at any add-drop multiplexer (ADM) node in case of the original channel failure. A novel structure of an ADM, which is suitable for 1:N protected WDM system, is proposed, also. The performance of the proposed scheme is presented.
Growth hormone attenuates the abnormal distribution of body water in critically ill surgical patients. (1992)

GH administration prevents ECW retention and stabilizes or normalizes fluid distribution during critical illness. Taken together with its known anabolic effects under these conditions, the maintenance of ICW demonstrates that GH can be used to preserve BCM in complex surgical patients.
A photoconductive model for superior GaAs THz photomixers (1999)

Theoretical methods are used to evaluate the THz output from photomixer structures consisting of interdigitated electrodes and planar antennas on top of a low-temperature-grown GaAs layer. Consistent with experiment, the THz power from a standard photomixer is found to be limited by low external quantum efficiency (∼1%). This arises primarily from low photoconductive gain, which is attributed to a long transit time (between electrodes) for the majority of photocarriers generated in the structure. The modeling is then applied to an improved structure containing a thinner absorbing layer (≈0.34 μm for λ=0.85 μm pump) with a dielectric mirror below it to induce resonant-cavity absorption near the surface where the gain is higher. Through increased gain and absorptivity, the model predicts ≈7× greater THz output for the same optical pump power.
Nucleotide sequence and organization of<i>Bacillus sublilis</i>RNA polymerase major sigma (σ<sup>43</sup>) operon (1986)

The gene coding for Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase major sigma 43, rpoD, was cloned together with its neighboring genes in a 7 kb EcoRI fragment. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 5 kb fragment including the entire rpoD gene revealed the presence of two other genes preceding rpoD in the order P23-dnaE-rpoD. The dnaE codes for DNA primase while the function of P23 remains unknown. The three genes reside in an operon that is similar in organization to the E. coli RNA polymerase major sigma 70 operon, which is composed of genes encoding small ribosome protein S21 (rpsU), DNA primase (dnaG), and RNA polymerase sigma 70 (rpoD). There is a relatively high degree of base and amino acid homology between the DNA primase and sigma genes. The most significant differences between the two operons are observed in the molecular size of the first genes (P23 and rpsU), the complete lack of amino acid homology between P23 and S21, the molecular weights of the two rpoD genes, the size of the intercistronic region between the first two genes, and the regulatory elements of the operon.
Measurement of ionizing radiation using carbon nanotube field effect transistor (2005)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a new class of highly promising nanomaterials for future nano-electronics. Here, we present an initial investigation of the feasibility of using SWNT field effect transistors (SWNT-FETs) formed on silicon-oxide substrates and suspended FETs for radiation dosimetry applications. Electrical measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the intactness of SWNT-FET devices after exposure to over 1 Gy of 6 MV therapeutic x-rays. The sensitivity of SWNT-FET devices to x-ray irradiation is elucidated by real-time dose monitoring experiments and accumulated dose reading based on threshold voltage shift. SWNT-FET devices exhibit sensitivities to x-rays that are at least comparable to or orders of magnitude higher than commercial MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) dosimeters and could find applications as miniature dosimeters for microbeam profiling and implantation.
Implementation of fast RSA key generation on smart cards (2002)

Although smart cards are becoming used in an increasing number of applications, there is small literature of the implementation issues for smart cards. This paper describes the issues and considerations that need to be taken into account when implementing the key generation step of a cryptographic algorithm widely used nowadays, RSA.Smart cards are used in many applications that require a tamper resistant area. Therefore, smart cards that use cryptography have to provide encryption, decryption, as well as key generation inside its security perimeter. RSA key generation is a concern for on-card implementation of RSA cryptosystem, as it usually takes a long time. In this paper, two simple but efficient key generation algorithms are evaluated, in addition to a simple but not very efficient algorithm. The paper discusses in detail how to build fast implementations for the three algorithms presented, using smart cards with crypto-coprocessor.
Wind fragility analysis of RC chimney with temperature effects by dual response surface method (2020)

Wind fragility analysis (WFA) of concrete chimney is often executed disregarding temperature effects. But combined wind and temperature effect is the most critical limit state to define the safety of a chimney. Hence, in this study, WFA of a 70 m tall RC chimney for combined wind and temperature effects is explored. The wind force time-history is generated by spectral representation method. The safety of chimney is assessed considering limit states of stress failure in concrete and steel. A moving-least-squares method based dual response surface method (DRSM) procedure is proposed in WFA to alleviate huge computational time requirement by the conventional direct Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) approach. The DRSM captures the record-to-record variation of wind force time-histories and uncertainty in system parameters. The proposed DRSM approach yields fragility curves which are in close conformity with the most accurate direct MCS approach within substantially less computational time. In this regard, the error by the single-level RSM and least-squares method based DRSM can be easily noted. The WFA results indicate that over temperature difference of 150°C, the temperature stress is so pronounced that the probability of failure is very high even at 30 m/s wind speed. However, below 100°C, wind governs the design.
Laplacian optimal design for image retrieval (2007)

Relevance feedback is a powerful technique to enhance Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) performance. It solicits the user's relevance judgments on the retrieved images returned by the CBIR systems. The user's labeling is then used to learn a classifier to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant images. However, the top returnedimages may not be the most informative ones. The challenge is thus to determine which unlabeled images would be the most informative (i.e., improve the classifier the most) if they were labeled and used as training samples. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning algorithm, called Laplacian Optimal Design (LOD), for relevance feedback image retrieval. Our algorithm is based on aregression model which minimizes the least square error on the measured (or, labeled) images and simultaneously preserves the local geometrical structure of the image space. Specifically, we assume that if two images are sufficiently close to each other, then their measurements (or, labels) are close as well. By constructing a nearest neighbor graph, the geometrical structure of the image space can be described by the graph Laplacian. We discuss how results from the field of optimal experimental design may be used to guide our selection of a subset of images, which gives us the most amount of information. Experimental results on Corel database suggest that theproposed approach achieves higher precision in relevance feedback image retrieval.
Origin and renewal of goblet cells in the epithelium of the mouse small intestine (1969)

Abstract The epithelium of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was investigated in adult female mice given an injection of 3 H‐thymidine and sacrificed at times varying from one hour to 14 days later. The tissues were fixed by perfusion with paraformaldehyde and embedded in Epon. One micron thick sections were cut singly or serially, radioautographed and stained with iron hematoxylin and safranin O. In addition, reconstruction of a crypt was made from serial sections of jejunum. The reconstruction of a crypt shows the well known columnar, goblet, Paneth, and argentaffin cells. There are also little known cell types referred to as oligomucous and granulo‐mucous and pale cells with or without mucus. Of these cells, the only numerous ones are the oligomucous cells, which are located in the lower half of the crypts and contain a few or even only one mucous globule. In the electron microscope, they display long cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum parallel to the lateral cell membrane and similar to those observed in goblet cells. In radioautographs of the crypts neither goblet cells, nor Paneth cells, nor argentaffin cells show mitosis or label one hour after 3 H‐thymidine injection. Granulo‐mucous and pale cells are only rarely labeled. In contrast, columnar and oligomucous cells frequently take up label and undergo mitosis. By 12 hours after injection labeled goblet cells have appeared. Since at that time 3 H‐thymidine has left the circulation, the label must have been acquired by transformation of labeled columnar or oligomucous cells. Furthermore, since transitional forms between oligomucous and goblet cells are common, it is concluded that oligomucous cells are those which directly transform into goblet cells. Eventually, like columnar cells, labeled goblet cells migrate to the villus epithelium, climb to the villus tip and fall into the lumen. Although oligomucous cells fit the requirements for goblet cell precursors, not enough of them are labeled to account for the rate of renewal of goblet cells. It is therefore speculated that some undifferentiated columnar cells at the base of the crypts participate in the production of oligomucous cells, which in turn yield goblet cells.
Electro-organic chemistry. Part 93. Electro-organic transformation of aldehydes and ketones to α-hydroxylated acetals utilizing mediators and some synthetic uses of the products (1986)

Electro-oxidation of aldehydes (R1R2CHCHO) and ketones (R1R2HCOR3) in methanol containing iodide ion (I–) and KOH gave the corresponding α-hydroxylated acetals [R1R2C(OH)CH(OMe)2 and R1R2C(OH)C(OMe)2R3, respectively] in good yields. The first step of this oxidation is explained in terms of the attack of an anodically generated active iodine species ‘I+’ on enols of R1R2CHCHO and R1R2CHCOR3. α-Hydroxy acetals were useful starting materials as exemplified by reaction with aniline or methyl carbamates in the presence of Lewis acids to afford β-keto amine derivatives. The anodic oxidation of α-hydroxy acetals was also carried out.
Characterization of Pax-6 and Hoxa-1 Binding to the Promoter Region of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 (1994)

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, mediates cell interactions in the developing and regenerating nervous system of mammals and is also detectable in the immune system and in the epithelia of intestine, skin, lung, and kidney. This diverse pattern of expression begs the question as to the regulatory mechanisms underlying transcription of the L1 gene. We demonstrate here that the paired domain and homeodomain containing Pax-6 protein binds to three different sites in the promoter region of the L1 gene. The promoter proximal binding site is also recognized by Hoxa-1 and lies approximately 60 bp upstream from the transcription start site only few base pairs upstream of a putative binding site for the TFII-I transcription initiation factor. On the basis of this sequence, we have characterized the binding of Pax-6 and explored two modes of its DNA binding activities.
Electronic conduction in liquid boron (2001)

The electrical conductivity of levitated liquid elemental boron was measured near the melting point using a contactless electrical conductivity technique. A phase change is clearly detected in the course of laser heating of a 2 mm diameter boron sphere levitated aerodynamically. The value obtained for the electrical conductivity sets liquid boron among the liquid semiconductors and establishes that the semiconducting behavior survives the melting process contradicting an earlier report that a semiconductor-to-metal transition occurs.
Copper supplementation restores cytochrome c oxidase assembly defect in a mitochondrial disease model of COA6 deficiency (2014)

Mitochondrial respiratory chain biogenesis is orchestrated by hundreds of assembly factors, many of which are yet to be discovered. Using an integrative approach based on clues from evolutionary history, protein localization and human genetics, we have identified a conserved mitochondrial protein, C1orf31/COA6, and shown its requirement for respiratory complex IV biogenesis in yeast, zebrafish and human cells. A recent next-generation sequencing study reported potential pathogenic mutations within the evolutionarily conserved Cx₉CxnCx₁₀C motif of COA6, implicating it in mitochondrial disease biology. Using yeast coa6Δ cells, we show that conserved residues in the motif, including the residue mutated in a patient with mitochondrial disease, are essential for COA6 function, thus confirming the pathogenicity of the patient mutation. Furthermore, we show that zebrafish embryos with zfcoa6 knockdown display reduced heart rate and cardiac developmental defects, recapitulating the observed pathology in the human mitochondrial disease patient who died of neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The specific requirement of Coa6 for respiratory complex IV biogenesis, its intramitochondrial localization and the presence of the Cx₉CxnCx₁₀C motif suggested a role in mitochondrial copper metabolism. In support of this, we show that exogenous copper supplementation completely rescues respiratory and complex IV assembly defects in yeast coa6Δ cells. Taken together, our results establish an evolutionarily conserved role of Coa6 in complex IV assembly and support a causal role of the COA6 mutation in the human mitochondrial disease patient.
Face to Face: A Call for Radical Responsibility in Place of Compassion (2012)

The article has two primary purposes. The first is to critique compassion as an ethical response to the person who is in need or suffering. Because of the problems associated with compassion's imaginative dwelling, its basis in equality, and the lack of any moral duty associated with it, I argue that we must be wary of thinking that compassion can be the caring response that many of us believe has a legitimate role in questions of law and social policy. Compassion has the potential to discount, devalue, and ignore people who are in need. I argue that compassion is not enough, and that it also misses the mark. The second purpose of the article is to discuss what might replace compassion as the proper ethical (and in certain contexts, legal) response to someone who is suffering. In this vein, I argue that the work of Emmanuel Levinas, a prominent philosopher of the 20th century, poses compelling challenges to our current thinking about law and social policy, especially in relation to issues of suffering and need, but also in relation to people who are not suffering, but commonly thought to be so, such as people with disabilities. As explained in the article, Levinas's writings provide for an orientation of welcome, alterity, rupture, and responsibility. His ethics of radical responsibility offers a compelling interruption to the traditional egocentric foundations of American law and the dim impulse of compassion that sometimes softens it.
The New World of Materials Science ＆ Engineering： Nano ＆ Bio Technology (2009)

编者按：2008年10月23—27日，“2008第七届中国纳米科技（武汉）研讨会”在湖北武汉隆重召开。 Prof.Robert Snyder （Georgia Institute of Teehnology）,Prof. Ward Plummer （Oak Ridge National Laboratory and University of Tennessee）,Prof. M.P. Pileni（University of Marie and Curie, France）,Prof. Zhong Lin.Wang （Georgia Institute of Technology, USA）和薛其坤院士（Tsinghua University）、赵东元院士（Fudan University）、李亚栋教授（Tsinghua University）等出席大会并做特邀主题报告。本期摘要介绍Robea L．Snyder教授的报告如下：
A Contemporary Approach to Matrix Acidizing (1999)

Summary This paper presents an updated look at the many variables associated with successful matrix acidizing. Damage types and formation characteristics significant when considering formation damage and damage removal are presented. Emphasis is placed on knowledge of formation mineralogy and temperature. The requirement for and the function of the many acid additives are discussed. General information and guidelines for matrix stimulation of carbonates and sandstones are provided.
[Tissue reaction to an implant of a titanium hollow cylinder with a titanium surface spray layer]. (1976)

A new implant consisting of a hollow cylinder of titanium is described. It is well suited to investigate the tissue reaction to several surface textures in the animal experiment (Macaca speciosa). From a test series, for which the implants were surfaced with powdered titan (titan plasma), one was selected which had been worn for 7 months as a partial support. The solid incorporation observed radiologically presents itself, light microscopically, as an immediate growing in of the bone into the rough implant surface. There is no evidence of the formation of a soft tissue bed. Electron microscope pictures reveal that the bone closely anchored to the titan plasma surface.