gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of kinetochore-spindle attachment and polewards movement analyzed in PtK2 cells at the prophase-prometaphase transition. (1990)

PtK2 cells at the prophase-prometaphase transition were analyzed to study the origin of kinetochore microtubules, the mode of kinetochore fiber construction and the mechanism of polewards movement. Attention was focused on chromosomes which, as deduced from video time-lapse tapes, had just started their initial characteristic movement towards one of the poles. In the same cell, the arrangement of microtubules in the vicinity of the kinetochore region was visualized either with indirect immunofluorescence and confocal fluorescence microscopy, or with electron microscopy in semithin sections of cells, immunostained for microtubules and embedded in epon. The results strengthen the evidence that kinetochore microtubules are nucleated in the centrosomal region. Bundles of microtubules, some ending at the kinetochore and others passing beyond it, are formed rapidly, seemingly without influencing the rapid rate of movement. They also show that microtubules often establish contact with kinetochores by lateral interaction, prior to kinetochore-pole orientation, and that kinetochores can move polewards along the microtubule wall of attached microtubules, independently of the latter's dynamics. These findings confirm and extend to the earliest chromosome movements at the prophase-prometaphase transition, the results of Rieder and Alexander (J. Cell Biol. 110, 81-95, (1990)), who studied the attachment and polewards movement of chromosomes strongly delayed in forming an attachment to the spindle. They are discussed in the light of recent evidence for the localization of dynein to kinetochores and contemporary models for kinetochore structure and function.
Layout Dependence Modeling for 45-nm CMOS With Stress-Enhanced Technique (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Layout dependences for stress-enhanced MOSFETs including contact positioning, the second neighboring poly effect, and bent diffusion are modeled in 45-nm CMOS logic technology. It is found that the sensitivity of contact position in the channel direction is larger for PMOS with a higher stress liner than for NMOS. The effect of contact positions is modeled by using the distance of contact to gate <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(x)$</tex> </formula> and the number of contacts <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(N)$</tex></formula>. In terms of the gate-space effect, it is concluded that, in addition to the neighboring gates, second neighboring gates affect the channel stress. The effect of bent-shape diffusion is analyzed for NMOS and PMOS. For NMOS, the channel profile is affected by the bent shape. This can be described by the change of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm th}$ </tex></formula>. For PMOS, the channel stress is modulated by the bent diffusion. The stress effect in bent-shape diffusion for PMOS is modeled with three geometrical parameters. The compact model is applied to the characterization of actual 45-nm cell libraries. It is confirmed that, with the constructed models and design flow, a saturation current <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(I_{\rm dsat})$</tex></formula> change of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula>12%–14% is removed from the uncertain margin in 45-nm corner libraries. </para>
Immuno-gene therapy with adenoviruses expressing fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and CD40 ligand for mouse hepatoma cells in vivo (2003)

Introduction of genes encoding immuno-stimulatory cytokines into cancer cells is known to enhance antitumor immunity. CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) are recently identified cytokines, which have been demonstrated to stimulate antitumor immunity in several cancer models. However little is known about antitumor activity of Ftl3L and CD40L against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we constructed replication-defective adenoviruses expressing Flt3L and CD40L and examined their therapeutic efficacy on mouse HCC, MH134 cells. Subcutaneous injection of MH134 cells genetically engineered to express Flt3L and/or CD40L developed tumors in all the syngeneic immunocompetent mice, but tumor growth was significantly delayed as compared to control mice. Partial inhibition of this antitumor effect in athymic nude mice suggests that both innate and adaptive immunity appear to play a role. It was shown by immunodepletion of NK cells with anti-asialo-GM1 antibody that the effector cells involved in innate immunity are NK cells. In a therapeutic setting, however, injection of adenovirus expressing Flt3L or CD40L into pre-established MH134 tumors exhibited no efficacy. These data demonstrate that Flt3L and CD40L induce significant, but only weak, antitumor immunity against MH134 cells presumably through both innate and adaptive immunity. Our results suggest that immuno-gene therapy with Flt3L and CD40L may need adjuvant modalities to achieve strong immune response.
Transposon Insertional Mutagenesis in Rice, (2001)

Transposon mutagenesis systems are being developed in rice to address gene functions using forward and reverse genetics strategies. Although the well-characterized maize ( Zea mays ) transposons seem an obvious choice to develop efficient transposon-tagging systems for gene knockouts and gene
Magnetic excitations and dynamical Jahn-Teller distortions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">UO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

Inelastic neutron scattering with polarization analysis has been used to study the evolution of the magnetic response across the antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition in a single crystal of uranium dioxide ${(T}_{N}=30.8 \mathrm{K})$. The spin-wave dispersion curves have been determined at 16 K by measuring the spin-flip channel of the neutron cross section along the principal crystallographic directions. Evidence of magnon-phonon interactions along the $(0,0,\ensuremath{\xi})$ direction is given by the splitting of the lowest spin-wave branch, and by the Q dependence of the energy-integrated dynamic susceptibility. Above ${T}_{N},$ a magnetic inelastic response consisting of two dispersive peaks was observed between 3 and 10 meV. This signal was easily measurable even at 200 K, more than six times the N\'eel temperature, where spatial correlations between the uranium spins are essentially zero. We assume this result as evidence that in the time scale of our experiment the uranium triplet ground state is split into three singlets, due to a dynamical Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion of the oxygen cage which reduces the point symmetry at the uranium site. Since the position of the peaks and their dispersion are compatible to a $1\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{k}$ distortion along the $〈100〉$ direction, a picture emerges in which local, uncorrelated $1\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{k}$ dynamical JT distortions occur above ${T}_{N}$ along the three directions of the $〈100〉$ star; as ${T}_{N}$ is approached, a correlation builds up between the phases of the corresponding vibrations until, eventually, a static $3\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{k}$ structure is obtained below ${T}_{N}.$
Beyond Pinch-to-Zoom: Exploring Alternative Multi-touch Gestures for Map Interaction (2010)

Interaction with virtual maps is a common task on tabletop interfaces, particularly in the context of command-andcontrol applications. In nearly all cases, widely known gestures such as pinch-to-zoom are employed. To explore alternatives and variations of this mode of interaction, we have defined five alternative gesture sets for the tasks of modifying the map view and selecting map objects in an emergency management scenario. We present the results of an explorative study conducted with user interface experts, domain experts and inexperienced randomly selected users.
Knee Injuries in the Youth Athlete: Patellofemoral (1996)

Summary: Much pathology of the patellofemoral joint is caused by anatomic variations or abnormalities that would require either realignment surgery or surgical recontouring (as in trochlear dysplasia) to correct. The efficacy and safety of recontouring procedures have not been proven, and realignment surgery that corrects all pathology present may be extensive. Fortunately, the majority of overuse or chronic problems of the patellofemoral joint can be treated successfully by nonoperative means. Acute injury of the patellofemoral joint, such as dislocation or osteochondral fracture, generally requires surgical intervention. Arthroscopic techniques can improve several types of patellofemoral joint symptoms and anatomic abnormalities with better visualization and less tissue disruption than open surgical methods. A thorough understanding of patellofemoral and knee functional anatomy allows the surgeon to perform an appropriate physical examination, order the most useful imaging studies, and design the best possible treatment plan for patients with symptoms that are acute, chronic, or acute superimposed on preexisting malalignment. The plan may include therapeutic exercise, antiinflammatory medications and modalities, bracing, and operative intervention.
O papel da experimentação no ensino da Física (2004)

Discute-se o papel da experimentação no ensino da Física com base em alguns exemplos práticos relacionados com a lei de Snell-Descartes. Sugerem-se diferentes abordagens no ensino experimental desta lei, mostrando-se a importância da exploração de aspectos conceituais e procedurais na atividade experimental que reflitam a atividade científica. Concebe-se a experimentação como uma forma de favorecer o estabelecimento de um elo entre o mundo dos objetos, o mundo dos conceitos, leis e teorias e o das linguagens simbólicas.
Subsonic diffusers designed integrally with vortex generators. (1968)

A short subsonic diffuser has been developed incorporating vortex generators as an integral design feature. The principle of operation is that line vortices, when suitably arranged, mutually interact to drive each other towards an adjacent plane wall. The wall may then be pulled away from the vortices at such a rate that the vortices remain a constant distance from it. The ideal arrangement, having the vortex lines running along the edge of the boundary layer, can thus be obtained by design. A simple, two-dimensional diffuser was developed at Lockheed using these principles. It was compared experimentally with a conventional high-performance trumpet-shaped diffuser. Two significant results were observed in this test series. One was that both pressure recovery losses and distortion were reduced by about 40% by the new design. The other was that vortex generator design mismatches carry larger penalties with the integrally designed diffuser than with the conventional type. The subsonic diffuser of an inlet for a Mach 2.7 supersonic transport airplane was shortened and redesigned in two stages, using the integrated vortex generator approach. First, vortex generators were tailored to a short subsonic diffuser of conventional design, and then a new inlet was tested which included a subsonic diffuser designed on the integral basis. The successive changes improved both pressure recovery and flow uniformity. Thus, the basic concept was validated in a practical application.
Elasticity and Shape Memory Effect of Shape Memory Fabrics (2008)

An attempt has been made in this paper to investigate the distinction between shape memory effect and the wrinkle recovery property of cotton fabrics in terms of temperature sensitivity and elasticity. Elasticity is an inherent characteristic of typical wrinkle-free fabrics, because they are suppose to recover after the release of an external force that creates wrinkling, whereas the shape memory effect of a fabric needs extra energy (heating) to allow the fabric to return to its original shape from the wrinkled appearance. An experimental investigation of elasticity of fabrics finished with conventional dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and the shape memory effect of fabrics treated with shape memory emulsions under repeated laundering has also been reported. The results reveal a higher elasticity, in terms of the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), for shape memory fabrics than those finished with DMDHEU. It was observed that the shape memory fabrics exhibit substantially better flat appearance and crease retention behavior after repeated laundering and drying. Under both hot water and air environment, the WRA of shape memory fabrics has a significant increase at 60°C showing a rapid change from 50 to 60 o C. The WRA of these fabrics shows a positive correlation to the flat appearance ratings.
Fibroin allergy. IgE mediated hypersensitivity to silk suture materials. (1999)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity with granulomatous lesions to silk sutures is rather rare. Yet, braided silk sutures often act as a non-immunologic foreign-body and cause a granulomatous inflammatory reaction years after surgery. We report here a case of recurrent granulomas with remarkable infiltration of eosinophils that may have resulted from an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to silk fibroin, a component of the braided silk suture. Under normal circumstances exposure to fibroin is rather rare. Therefore, the present patient may have developed this reaction to the silk sutures used in a previous surgery.
Acyl Glucuronides:  Biological Activity, Chemical Reactivity, and Chemical Synthesis (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTAcyl Glucuronides: Biological Activity, Chemical Reactivity, and Chemical SynthesisAndrew V. Stachulski, John R. Harding, John C. Lindon, James L. Maggs, B. Kevin Park, and Ian D. WilsonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, AstraZeneca U.K. Ltd., Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K., Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 24, 6931–6945Publication Date (Web):November 27, 2006Publication History Received19 May 2006Published online27 November 2006Published inissue 30 November 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm060599zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm060599zreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3685Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Acyls,Anatomy,Metabolism,Molecular structure,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Small-Volume Sampling Technique Brings Economy and Efficiency to Well Testing Operations (1991)

Abstract A Small Volume Sampling Technique (SVST) allows operators to perforate, record temperature and pressure, and collect a formation sample prior to or in lieu of a well test efficiently and economically. Using this method, formations can be tested on a preliminary basis without the logistical burden of a comprehensive well test. Because of its economy, the SVST can also be used to test zones that were bypassed in older wells when expected production was not considered worth the expense of a comprehensive well test. The test apparatus is run in on drill pipe or tubing. Test procedure consists of perforation (usually about a 2 ft. interval)collection of a preliminary sample to allow formation cleanupcollection of a second sample (one to two barrels) in a chamber that also houses quartz-based electronic temperature and pressure recorders and small PVT samplers. Collection of two samples also yields valuable drawdown and pressure buildup data from two flow periods and two closed-in periods. After the tool is retrieved to the surface, an approximate liquid-gas ratio and water cut can be determined while the sample is drained. PVT analysis is then performed in the lab on samples taken by the small PVT samplers.
Blind speech separation using a joint model of speech production (2005)

We propose a new blind signal separation (BSS) technique, developed specifically for speech, that exploits a priori knowledge of speech production mechanisms. In our approach, the autoregressive (AR) structure and fundamental frequency (F0) production mechanisms of speech are jointly modeled. We compare the separation performance of our joint AR-F0 algorithm to existing BSS algorithms that model either speech's AR structure or F0 individually. Experimental results indicate that the joint algorithm demonstrates superior separation performance to both the individual AR algorithm (up to 77% improvement) and F0 (up to 50% improvement) algorithms. This suggests that speech separation performance is improved by employing a BSS model with a more realistic description of the speech production process.
STUDIES ON CIRRAMYCIN A1. III (1969)

The structure of cirramycin A1, C31H51NO10, has been determined. It consists of a basic sugar, mycaminose, and a 16-membered ketolactone. Cirramycin A1 is the first macrolide antibiotic which has been shown to have mycaminose as a sole sugar moiety.
Development of Reference MT Ferrule using Insert-molded Metal Plate (2008)

This paper presents the development of a Metal Plate insert-molded 12 fiber MT ferrule, for use as a reference connector and confirms its low loss and high durability.
Cnidarian phylogenetic relationships as revealed by mitogenomics (2013)

Cnidarian mitochondrial genomic data contain phylogenetic signal informative for understanding the evolutionary history of this phylum. Mitogenome-based phylogenies, which reject the monophyly of Anthozoa, provide further evidence for the polyp-first hypothesis. By rejecting the traditional Acraspeda and Scyphozoa hypotheses, these analyses suggest that the shared morphological characters in these groups are plesiomorphies, originated in the branch leading to Medusozoa. The expansion of mitogenomic data along with improvements in phylogenetic inference methods and use of additional nuclear markers will further enhance our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and character evolution within Cnidaria.
A rigorous variational formulation of an H plane slot-coupled tee junction (1990)

A rigorous analysis for the determination of an exact equivalent network for the slot-coupled H-plane tee junction that takes the effect of wall thickness into account is presented. A variational formulation is used for the determination of the parameters of the network. The parameters of the S-matrix as well as coupling are evaluated from the exact equivalent network. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Cloning of <i>Limulus</i>α<sub>2</sub>‐Macroglobulin (1996)

The American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus contains alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in the hemolymph plasma and hemocytes. alpha 2M from Limulus shows many of the typical characteristics of mammalian alpha 2M, including the presence of an internal thiol-ester, reactivity with a diversity of endopeptidases, a unique proteinase-trapping mechanism, and reactivity with the mammalian alpha 2M receptor. Additionally, Limulus alpha 2M has the unique property that it regulates the limulin-based hemolytic system of the plasma. A cDNA encoding Limulus alpha 2M has been obtained from a hemocyte cDNA library. The open reading frame encodes an N-terminal signal sequence of 25 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 1482 residues. The entire amino acid sequence is similar to those of the mammalian alpha 2Ms (28-29% identity) and contains common features found in mammalian alpha 2Ms. a bait region, an internal thiol-ester site, and a receptor-binding domain. However, the N-terminal portion (positions 24-105) has no sequence similarity with those of mammalian alpha 2Ms, and it is structurally related to that of the human complement factor C8 chain, consistent with a role for Limulus alpha 2M in host defense. The component sugar analysis of Limulus alpha 2M showed the existence of a complex type of oligosaccharide chain similar to those of mammalian alpha 2M. However, unlike mammalian alpha 2M, no sialic acid was detected in Limulus alpha 2M and it contained approximately 3 mol/mol N-acetylgalactosamine, suggesting the presence of O-linked sugar chains, which have not been found in mammalian alpha 2M. Expression of alpha 2M was detected in hemocytes, but not in hepatopancreas, heart, stomach, intestine, coxal gland, brain and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, immunoblotting of large and small granules of the hemocytes with antiserum against alpha 2M indicated the presence of the alpha 2M in large granules. Trypsin-treated Limulus alpha 2M, but not the native alpha 2M, displaced methylamine-treated human 125I-alpha 2M from the human alpha 2M receptor with a Kd of 30 nM, suggesting conservation of the proteinase-clearance mechanisms between mammalian and arthropod evolutionary lineages.
Cache optimization for coarse grain task parallel processing using inter-array padding (2004)

Abstract. The wide use of multiprocessor system has been making au-tomatic parallelizing compilers more important. To improve the per-formance of multiprocessor system more by compiler, multigrain par-allelization is important. In multigrain parallelization, coarse grain task parallelism among loops and subroutines and near ¯ne grain parallelism among statements are used in addition to the traditional loop parallelism. In addition, locality optimization to use cache e®ectively is also impor-tant for the performance improvement. This paper describes inter-array padding to minimize cache con°ict misses among macro-tasks with data localization scheme which decomposes loops sharing the same arrays to ¯t cache size and executes the decomposed loops consecutively on the same processor. In the performance evaluation on Sun Ultra 80(4pe), OSCAR compiler on which the proposed scheme is implemented gave us 2.5 times speedup against the maximum performance of Sun Forte compiler automatic loop parallelization at the average of SPEC CFP95 tomcatv, swim hydro2d and turb3d programs. Also, OSCAR compiler showed 2.1 times speedup on IBM RS/6000 44p-270(4pe) against XLF compiler. 1
Synthesis of Novel 1,4-Benzoxazine-2,3-Dicarboximides from Maleic Anhydride and Substituted Aromatic Amines (2008)

Abstract A series of novel 1,4-benzoxazine-2,3-dicarboximides starting from maleic anhydride and substituted aromatic amines were synthesized.