gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Library Engine: Adapting Digital Library for Cloud Computing (2013)

With the rapid growth of digital libraries, more data and smart services are involved. People come to recognize the importance of digital libraries and the convenience they might bring to the society. However, the cost of owning a digital library is quite high, and many institutions do not have the ability to run and maintain a digital library by themselves, especially for massive data and complex services which require lots of storage and computing resources. In this paper, we proposed the Digital Library Engine, which aims to provide a new Platform as a Service for fast developing and deploying digital libraries in cloud. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work to create a PaaS system for digital libraries. With the help of Digital Library Engine, institutions only need to develop some service bundles, which can be deployed in the engine, and then their own digital libraries could be running well with features of scalability, reliability, security, extensibility, availability and manageability. The practice in CADAL and the experiments demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our engine.
The spot of Arago: New relevance for an old phenomenon (1984)

The ‘‘spot of Arago’’ has been a controversial topic since its inception in 1818 when Poisson predicted its existence in an attempt to discredit Fresnel’s wave theory of light. Arago performed the experiment and found the surprising prediction was true, thus putting Fresnel’s theory on a firm technical foundation. In recent years, the spot of Arago, which exists as a bright spot at the center of the geometrical shadow of a circular obstruction, has caused substantial grief in various high-energy laser applications and has come to be considered more of a nuisance than a curiosity. This paper suggests that the size and shape of the spot of Arago is characteristic of the wave-front aberrations of the incident beam and can therefore be used to advantage as a beam sample for wave-front analysis of annular beams. The implementation of this wave-front sampling scheme would eliminate the requirement for a special beam-sampling optical component and thus reduce to a minimum the deleterious effects upon the beam frequently accompanying the use of such components. Both experimental and numerical results are presented along with a discussion of the capabilities and limitations of this particular beam sample for diagnostic purposes.
Introduction (2015)

Extract this whole project started nearly thirty years ago. In 1987 in a graduate seminar taught by William Goetzmann at the University of Texas, I wrote a research paper about the continuities between John Muir’s deeply religious upbringing and his environmental activism, rather than the complete break between them that most biographers asserted. Intrigued by those connections, I went on to write a dissertation on Protestant roots of American environmentalism, which would be the basis for my book, Protestantism, Capitalism, and Nature in America, published in 1997. While I was writing the book, I noticed correlations between people’s origins in specific denominations and certain attitudes toward nature and the environment. I began an investigation of those patterns that has produced two decades’ worth of conference papers, articles, essays, and now the book you are holding. A lot has happened while I was thinking about this. In 1987, Ronald Reagan was president. His notorious former Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt was fresh in everyone’s memory and, as a Pentecostal, was Exhibit A for the popular belief that Christians and Christianity bore a hostile or imperial attitude toward the natural world. Such was the thesis of a powerful essay that Lynn White Jr. published in the journal Science in 1967, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis,” claiming that Christianity had caused the environmental crisis. White’s thesis is still today in the back of a lot of people’s minds when they think about religion and the environment.
A novel approach towards silicon nanotechnology (2003)

Growth interruption and H-plasma exposure on stacking layers provide an intellectually challenging route for the deposition and control of Si nanostructures. Atomic H of the plasma not only acts as the terminator of the dangling bonds but also plays an important role in the chemical reactions during the propagation of the Si network, by offering either topological freedom or chemical potential to the growing surface. The use of time modulated gas flow in plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) gives an additional degree of flexibility to the process of nucleation, growth, and control of grain size in the development of Si nanostructures. The density and the size of the nanocrystallites can be controlled by suppressing growth of nucleated Si particles within a critical dimension by optimization and repetition of deposition/plasma-exposure cycles. The degree of H-plasma treatment and the growth temperature both have individual influences on nanocrystallization. Nano-Si structures are obtainable with very narrow thicknesses and at a very low temperature, utilizing standard deposition techniques like PECVD, commonly used in silicon semiconductor technology, and thus hold great promise in device fabrication, extending a novel approach towards silicon nanotechnology.
Chronic Transfusion Support (1998)

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the underlying principles of chronic red cell transfusion therapy and its complications. In addition, specific diseases are addressed in which a chronic transfusion protocol may be a reasonable option; current recommendations and potential alternatives to transfusion are also considered for patients affected by these diseases. With the development of new therapies, some diseases that previously required chronic transfusion support are no longer initially treated with transfusions. Although many diseases are addressed specifically, this discussion is not intended to be comprehensive. The featured diseases were chosen as representative examples; many of the diseases not specifically addressed bear similarities to those that are included.
CLXII.—Researches on residual affinity and co-ordination. Part II. Acetylacetones of selenium and tellurium (1920)

G. T. Morgan and H. D. K. Drew, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1920, 117, 1456 DOI: 10.1039/CT9201701456
Bleomycin combination chemotherapy in the management of testicular neoplasia (1975)

Eighty-three patients with Stage II or Stage III germinal neoplasia of the testis and 7 patients with extragonadal primary tumors were treated with bleomycin plus vinblastine, or a five-drug program, bleomycin plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Of the 70 Stage III patients, there were 53 responses (75%), 22 complete and 31 partial. The mean survival of the complete responders is 100+ weeks, with 3 dead. The mean survival of the partial responders and nonresponders is 38 weeks and 33 weeks, respectively. There is a highly significant difference between complete responders vs. partial and nonresponders (p < 0.01). Thirteen patients with nonmeasurable disease (Stage II and Stage III postresectional status) but at great risk to develop widespread metastasis were treated prophylactically after conventional therapy. Nine continue in complete response to 36 months. The 7 extragonadal primary patients showed 4 partial responses, none complete. Major toxicity was myelosuppression and also bleomycin pneumonitis in 5 of the 90 evaluable patients.
Experienced practitioners' use of observation in applied sport psychology. (2016)

Within applied sport psychology, a relative paucity of information exists on the use of observation. The present study investigated experienced consultants’ perceptions of observing within their applied practice. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 applied sport psychologists. Thematic analysis identified the following themes: why practitioners observe, methods through which practitioners observe, and perceived challenges of observation. The study provides a valuable insight into the bespoke application of observation and serves to maximize the benefits of this flexible and adaptable tool. However, the need for an enhanced evidence base to underpin training in observation is required for the enhancement of sport psychology practitioners.
Fast and area efficient adder for wide data in recent Xilinx FPGAs (2016)

Most modern FPGAs have very optimised carry logic for efficient implementations of ripple carry adders (RCA). Some FPGAs also have a six input look up table (LUT) per cell, whereof two inputs are used during normal addition. In this paper we present an architecture that compresses the carry chain length to N/2 in recent Xilinx FPGA, by utilising the LUTs better. This carry compression was implemented by letting some cells calculate the carry chain in two bits per cell, while some others calculate the summary output bits. In total the proposed design uses no more hardware than the normal adder. The result shows that the proposed adder is faster than a normal adder for word length larger than 64 bits in Virtex-6 FPGAs.
Combining use of a panel of ssDNA aptamers in the detection of Staphylococcus aureus (2009)

In this article, a panel of ssDNA aptamers specific to Staphylococcus aureus was obtained by a whole bacterium-based SELEX procedure and applied to probing S. aureus. After several rounds of selection with S. aureus as the target and Streptococcus and S. epidermidis as counter targets, the highly enriched oligonucleic acid pool was sequenced and then grouped under different families on the basis of the homology of the primary sequence and the similarity of the secondary structure. Eleven sequences from different families were selected for further characterization by confocal imaging and flow cytometry analysis. Results showed that five aptamers demonstrated high specificity and affinity to S. aureus individually. The five aptamers recognize different molecular targets by competitive experiment. Combining these five aptamers had a much better effect than the individual aptamer in the recognition of different S. aureus strains. In addition, the combined aptamers can probe single S. aureus in pyogenic fluids. Our work demonstrates that a set of aptamers specific to one bacterium can be used in combination for the identification of the bacterium instead of a single aptamer.
THE RATE OF OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY BROMINE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN A BROMINE—BROMIDE SOLUTION (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE RATE OF OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY BROMINE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN A BROMINE—BROMIDE SOLUTIONWilliam C. Bray and Robert S. LivingstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 6, 1654–1665Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01393a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01393a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chemistry of Imines. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Imines.Robert W. LayerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1963, 63, 5, 489–510Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60225a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60225a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14296Altmetric-Citations864LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental Retinal Detachment (1982)

The role of the cortical vitreous in persistence of experimental retinal detachments was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys. Detachments were created by subretinal injection of 20% autologous serum in Ringer's solution. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed on selected eyes with a Douvas vitrectomy instrument before creation of the detachment. Retinal holes were created from the subretinal side with a hooked needle or from the vitreal side with the vitrectomy instrument. The rate of reattachment of the retina was rapid and independent of retinal holes size if cortical vitreous covered the retinal hole. If no cortical vitreous covered the retinal hole, the retina remained detached indefinitely (longer than three months). A spontaneous reduction in the size of the retinal hole occurred in many eyes in association with star-fold formation. It is concluded that cortical vitreous is capable of obstructing fluid movement through the retinal hole.
Covert-channel analysis in secure computer systems (1987)

A computer system is said to be secure if it supports the policies of a security model in a demonstrable way. Communication between two users in such a system is said to be covert if such communication is prohibited by the supported security model. Covert communication channels use system variables that cannot be included as the system's data objects to transfer information. Covert communication channels must be identified, analyzed, and handled because information can be leaked through these channels despite the system's support of a sound security model.
Information flow analysis must be applied to the source code to identify all covert channels and not to top-level system specifications as practiced currently. A new method for the identification of covert storage channels in source code has been developed. The method can identify all storage channels in a computer system and can be automated. It has been applied to the kernel and trusted processes of Secure Xenix* and has led to the discovery of 24 types of storage channels.
Covert-channel handling is based either on the elimination of covert channels, whenever possible, or on delay placement within each channel to lower its bandwidth under a predetermined value. The placement of large delay values, unrelated to the actual bandwidth degradation under different system and program behavior, is inadequate because it causes unnecessary performance degradation for the entire system. Accurate bandwidth and delay computation are, therefore, necessary for appropriate covert-channel handling.
A Markov model has been developed to compute the maximum bandwidth of the identified covert storage channels under different system loads. Formulas for computing the maximum bandwidth and, implicitly, the minimum necessary delay have been derived. A tool for maximum bandwidth computation, and for the computation of the maximum bandwidth degradation, under different system loads has been developed in Lisp on the Unix$\dagger$ BSD 4.3 operating system. The factors affecting the bandwidth degradation in Secure Xenix, and the minimum delay for storage channels, have been identified using this tool. They are the number of users in the system and their think times. However, the noise introduced by unconfined processes does not degrade the covert-channel bandwidth significantly. ftn * Xenix is a trademark of the Microsoft, Inc. $\sp\dagger$Unix is a trademark of the AT&T Bell Laboratories.
Local contactless measurement of the ordinary and extraordinary Hall effect using near-field microwave microscopy (2002)

We report a polarization-sensitive scanning microwave microscope based on a bimodal dielectric resonator with a cross-slit aperture. The microscope operates at ∼26 GHz in the reflection mode and has a subwavelength spatial resolution. It allows contactless mapping of the conductivity tensor, including magnetic-field-induced terms such as the Hall effect. We demonstrate local contactless measurement of the ordinary Hall effect in semiconducting wafers and of the extraordinary Hall effect in thin ferromagnetic Ni films. The latter yields out-of-plane magnetization. The microwave measurements are in good agreement with the dc Hall-effect measurements.
Analysis and Simulation of Delay and Buffer Requirements of satellite-ATM Networks for TCP/IP Traffic (1998)

In this paper we present a model to study the end-to-end delay performance of a satellite-ATM netowrk. We describe a satellite-ATM network architecture. The architecture presents a trade-off between the on-board switching/processing features and the complexity of the satellite communication systems. The end-to-end delay of a connection passing through a satellite constellation consists of the transmission delay, the uplink and downlink ground terminal-satellite propagation delay, the inter-satellite link delays, the on-board switching, processing and buffering delays. In a broadband satellite network, the propagation and the buffering delays have the most impact on the overall delay. We present an analysis of the propagation and buffering delay components for GEO and LEO systems. We model LEO constellations as satellites evenly spaced in circular orbits around the earth. A simple routing algorithm for LEO systems calculates locally optimal paths for the end-to-end connection. This is used to calculate the end-to-end propagation delays for LEO networks. We present a simulation model to calculate the buffering delay for TCP/IP traffic over ATM ABR and UBR service categories. We apply this model to calculate total end-to-end delays for TCP/IP over satellite-ATM networks.
<scp>CD</scp>19‐Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (2015)

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancer represents a promising new treatment modality. ACT based on the administration of cytotoxic T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) recognizing CD19 expressed by B cell malignancies has been shown to induce complete lasting responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). So far, eleven clinical trials including 99 CLL and ALL patients treated with CAR T cells targeting CD19 have been published, and the results from these trials are promising with impressive clinical responses in heavily pretreated patients. Thus, CAR T cell therapy has induced complete responses in both CLL and ALL, and surprisingly, current results indicate that patients with ALL are more prone to respond than are CLL patients. Importantly, the majority of CAR cell studies have observed severe therapy-associated toxicities, which needs attention. Herein we review current data and discuss key aspects of this powerful approach to treat and potentially cure B cell malignancies.
An analysis of time-synchronized optical burst switching (2006)

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a competitive solution for all-optical next-generation networks. This paper describes a variation of OBS called time-synchronized optical burst switching (SynOBS), which utilizes a synchronized time-slotting technique in order to achieve better resource utilization than traditional OBS. Several resource reservation algorithms for SynOBS are discussed, along with their mathematical analyses, which are validated by simulation models. Finally, the performance of simulated SynOBS and traditional OBS is compared
Brain micro-inflammation at specific vessels dysregulates organ-homeostasis via the activation of a new neural circuit (2017)

Impact of stress on diseases including gastrointestinal failure is well-known, but molecular mechanism is not understood. Here we show underlying molecular mechanism using EAE mice. Under stress conditions, EAE caused severe gastrointestinal failure with high-mortality. Mechanistically, autoreactive-pathogenic CD4+ T cells accumulated at specific vessels of boundary area of third-ventricle, thalamus, and dentate-gyrus to establish brain micro-inflammation via stress-gateway reflex. Importantly, induction of brain micro-inflammation at specific vessels by cytokine injection was sufficient to establish fatal gastrointestinal failure. Resulting micro-inflammation activated new neural pathway including neurons in paraventricular-nucleus, dorsomedial-nucleus-of-hypothalamus, and also vagal neurons to cause fatal gastrointestinal failure. Suppression of the brain micro-inflammation or blockage of these neural pathways inhibited the gastrointestinal failure. These results demonstrate direct link between brain micro-inflammation and fatal gastrointestinal disease via establishment of a new neural pathway under stress. They further suggest that brain micro-inflammation around specific vessels could be switch to activate new neural pathway(s) to regulate organ homeostasis.
Facile Method for Fabricating Boron-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Array with Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Properties (2008)

Highly ordered boron-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated via a facile electrodeposition method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed incorporated B atoms in the lattice of a TiO2 nanotube array. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum indicated improved crystallinity of boron-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays, relative to undoped TiO2 nanotube arrays. A shift of the absorption edge toward the visible region and a new absorption shoulder (380–510 nm) of boron-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were observed via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). In photoelectrochemical measurements, under either ultraviolet (UV) or visible-light irradiation, the photocurrent conversion efficiency was enhanced because of boron doping. The photoelectrocatalysis of phenol under simulated solar irradiation was performed using boron-doped or undoped TiO2 nanotube arrays, and the kinetic constant of a boron-doped TiO2 nanotube array photoelectrode was increased by ca. 28%, compared to that of an undoped TiO2 nanotube array photoelectrode.