gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Double Blinded- Randomized Clinical Study with "Weighlevel", aCombination of Four Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Greco-Araband Islamic Medicine (2010)

Weighlevel, is a mixture of extract of leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris, Olea europea and Mentha longifolia L, as well as seeds of Cuminum cyminum. These plants are used in traditional Greco-Arabic and Islamic medicine as well as in European herbal medicine. Weighlevel has been recently found to be safe and effective in weight loss in preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, including a preliminary, uncontrolled human trial. Here we report the results of our randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled clinical study. The tests were carried out among 34 human volunteers. The test group included 19 volunteers whereas the control group included 15 volunteers who consumed Weighlevel tablets or placebo tablets 1 x 3 daily, respectively. All 34 subjects were asked to continue their usual diet, except for strictly limiting food intake to 3 main meals per day without snacking, and to take one Weighlevel tablet or placebo tablet 30 minutes before each meal. Five subjects were excluded (three from the test group and two from the control group) due to absence from scheduled visits. Twenty-nine subjects were evaluated for efficacy and tolerability of Weighlevel every month for 3 months. Weighlevel was well tolerated by all subjects and no side effects were reported. After 12 weeks, test subjects, on average, showed statistically significant weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reductions. Weight and BMI changes for the placebo group were not statistically significant. Results indicate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Weighlevel in weight loss.
Establishment and characterization of cloned CD4− CD8−αβ-T cell receptor (TCR)-bearing autoreactive T cells from autoimmune NZB×NZW F1 mice (1997)

Murine models such as NZB/W F1, NZB.H-2bm12 and MRL.lpr/lpr mice have provided greater insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of lupus. To understand further the roles of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of murine lupus, 11 cloned anti-DNA antibodies augmenting autoreactive T cell lines were derived from NZB/W F1 mice. All these autoreactive cells responded to syngeneic splenic cells and helped syngeneic B cells to produce anti-DNA antibodies, especially the IgG antibody. Ten out of 11 autoreactive T cell lines expressed neither CD4 nor CD8 cell surface markers on their surface. In addition, the cytokine production pattern of these autoreactive T cell lines was predominantly of type 0 (Th0) or type 2 T helper cells (Th2). To further investigate the role of accessory molecules in the activation of these autoreactive T cell lines, expression of IL-2R and heat-stable antigen (HSA) on these autoreactive T cells was analysed. Results suggest that the HSA played a critical role in the activation and function of these double-negative cloned autoreactive T cells.
A Space Vector PWM Technique for Symmetrical Six-Phase Voltage Source Inverters (2007)

Six-phase a.c. motor drives are usually supplied from two-level six-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs), which are controlled using appropriate PWM techniques. Most of the existing work applies to the asymmetrical six-phase VSI, supplying an asymmetrical a.c. machine (two three-phase windings shifted in space by 30° degrees) with two isolated neutral points. However, it has been shown recently that a symmetrical six-phase induction machine (equidistant spacing of all six-phases, with 60° spatial displacement between any two consecutive phases) offers the same quality of performance as the asymmetrical machine, provided that good quality current control and an adequate PWM technique are utilised for the symmetrical six-phase VSI (Fig. 1) control. Since this requires sinusoidal VSI output voltages (neglecting the PWM ripple), a space vector PWM technique (SVPWM) is described in this paper, such that sinusoidal or at least near-sinusoidal output voltages are generated across the whole range of the available output voltage fundamental for the six-phase load with a single neutral point. Operation of the SVPWM scheme is investigated by extensive experimentation and time-domain waveforms and spectra are given for inverter leg, phase-to-neutral, line-to-line and common mode voltages, as well as for the load current, for a variety of operating conditions. Total voltage harmonic distortion (THD) is also calculated using experimental results and is used as a figure of merit in evaluation of the quality of performance of the SVPWM schemes.
Preparation and Properties of Blue Edible Inkjet Ink Based on Chitosan Oligochitosan (2016)

Different formulations of blue edible inkjet inks were prepared in this study using chitosan oligochitosan as a binder. The properties of different formulations of the ink were analysed by measuring conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, and antimicrobial properties. Chromaticity and density experiments were also conducted on the blue inkjet inks. Results show that the quality of the printed matter was improved considerably, including enhanced resolution, antimicrobial resistance, and reduced graphic burrs, after the addition of chitosan oligosaccharide.
Wi-Fi 기반 차량 네트워크에서의 인터넷 처리율 분석 (2011)

최근 무선 통신의 발달과 무선 접속 기기의 등장으로 인하여 언제, 어디서든 인터넷을 접속하여 다양한 응용 프로그램을 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 특히, 차량 네트워크의 발달로 이동 중인 차량에서도 인터넷 접속이 가능하게 되었다. 또한, 차량 네트워크와 관련된 다양한 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실제로 쓰이는 다양한 차량 네트워크의 구조를 살펴보고, 각 구조에서 차량 내에서의 Wi-Fi와 외부의 네트워크를 종합적으로 고려하여 성능 측정을 하였다. 성능 측정 결과를 통해서 현재 사용되고 있는 차량 네트워크의 유용성을 판단하였다.
Citrate and Oxalate radical‐ion initiated vinyl polymerization in aqueous solution (1957)

Abstract Es wird die Kinetik der Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren in wäßriger Lösung beschrieben, die bei Photo‐Intiierung durch die Radikale C 2 O 4 ·− und HCitr ·− aus den Ionenpaaren FeC 2 O 4 + und FeHCitr + erfolgt. Über die spektrophotometrischen Untersuchungen der Formeln und Stabilitäten dieser Eisenoxalat‐ und Eisencitratkomplexe wie auch über die Ableitung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten für ihre Bildung wird kurz berichtet. Die Absorptionsspektren der Ionenpaare und ähnlicher Komplexe werden angegeben. Die Kinetik der Polymerisationen wurde durch die Abhängigkeit (1) der Monomerenabnahme, (2) der Fe 2+ ‐Ionen Produktion und (3) der Kettenlänge des Polymeren von (a) der Konzentration an Monomerem, (b) der Licht‐Intensität und (c) der Lichtabsorption der einzelnen Ionenpaare etc. verfolgt. Durch eine kinetische Analyse der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird auf der Grundlage eines Reaktionsschemas geschlossen, daß die Auslösung der Polymerisation durch Radikal‐Ionen X ·− und der Abbruch durch eine Rekombination erfolgt.
Intracavity frequency doubling of a continuous wave Ti:sapphire laser with over 70% conversion efficiency (1995)

Efficient tunable ultraviolet generation by intracavity frequency doubling of a continuous wave Ti:sapphire laser was demonstrated. Maximum output is obtained of 460 mW at 398 nm corresponding to a total infrared-to-ultraviolet conversion efficiency over 70%. High conversion efficiency was resulted from a critically phase-matched, temperature-tuned lithium triborate crystal and a novel resonator design. The observed laser damage of the crystal coatings is also discussed.
Ruthenium(0) Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Isotope Exchange between <sup>10</sup>B and <sup>11</sup>B Nuclei in Decaborane(14) (2007)

Well dispersed ruthenium(0) nanoparticles, stabilized in the ionic liquid agent, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, have been successfully prepared via a reduction reaction of the precursor [CpRuCp*RuCp*]PF6 (Cp* = C5Me5). The ruthenium(0) nanoparticles were shown to catalyze the isotope exchange reaction between 10B enriched diborane and natural abundant B10H14 to produce highly 10B enriched (approximately 90%) decaborane(14) products. The ruthenium(0) nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, XRD, and XPS. The 10B enriched decaborane(14) has been analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, NMR, and high-resolution MS.
Stochastic switching circuit synthesis (2008)

Shannon in his 1938 Masterpsilas Thesis demonstrated that any Boolean function can be realized by a switching relay circuit, leading to the development of deterministic digital logic. Here, we replace each classical switch with a probabilistic switch (pswitch). We present algorithms for synthesizing circuits closed with a desired probability, including an algorithm that generates optimal size circuits for any binary fraction. We also introduce a new duality property for series-parallel stochastic switching circuits. Finally, we construct a universal probability generator which maps deterministic inputs to arbitrary probabilistic outputs. Potential applications exist in the analysis and design of stochastic networks in biology and engineering.
Designing a costumized Ethernet switch for safe hard real-time communication (2008)

The use of switched Ethernet for precise and safe real-time communication still suffers from undesired phenomena that range from the blocking caused by long non-preemptive frames to lack of protection against errors in the time domain and also couplings across virtual LANs and even priority levels via internal switch shared resources. In this paper we propose a novel switch architecture enhanced with resource reservation mechanisms, based on the Flexible Time-Triggered paradigm, which enforces strict service differentiation, blocking-free forwarding and timing errors confinement. Experimental results of a preliminary 4-port prototype based on an FPGA validate the desired properties and exhibit the potential of the enhanced Ethernet switch.
Time-of-flight chip in standard CMOS technology with in-pixel adaptive number of accumulations (2016)

This paper introduces a Time-of-Flight sensor of 50 × 60 pixels in standard CMOS 0.18 μm technology with in-pixel adaptive number of accumulations and background suppression. Background suppression is carried out through two mechanisms, namely, the increase of signal to background ratio, and background subtraction. The pixel features a fill factor of 77% with an nwell over p-substrate diode of 50 × 50 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The pixel senses the photocurrent through a transimpedance amplifier. Adaptive accumulations are performed with an in-pixel comparator that is also used for per-column A/D conversion as part of an 8-bit single-slope ADC. The sensor works with 4 square pulses of 50 ns. Simulations show that the chip could measure distances up to 7.5 m without optical filters for background levels up to 20 klux at video frame rate.
Comparison of different alternatives to drive piezoelectric transformers (2003)

Usually, the performance of piezoelectric transformers (PTs) is optimum when they are sinusoidally driven. The PT can also be driven with a quasi-square voltage waveform. Although PT performance is not optimized with a squared driving, corresponding topologies can be simpler and the whole converter can be improved. Those alternatives that keep an interesting trade-off between complexity and PT efficiency are compared, helping to select the best approach for different applications. All the analyzed alternatives are based on the half bridge topology plus an input matching network.
CCL20/CCR6 chemokine/receptor expression in bone tissue from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients: Different response of osteoblasts in the two groups (2009)

Subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is mainly characterized by the formation of osteophytes/fibrosis and by the presence of infiltrating cells associated to bone resorption. In this study we analyzed CC (cysteine cysteine motif) chemokine ligand (CCL)20 and CC chemokine receptor (CCR)6 function in subchondral bone tissue and osteoblasts isolated from OA and RA patients. CCL20/CCR6 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques in bone tissue from OA and RA patients. CCL20-functional tests were performed on osteoblasts isolated from OA and RA patients to evaluate enzymatic response and cell proliferation. Moreover, we assessed Akt phosphorylation as the major signaling pathway for CCL20. In bone tissue biopsies we found that osteoblasts from both OA and RA patients expressed CCR6 while CCL20 was expressed only by RA osteoblasts. Both CCR6 and CCL20 were highly expressed in osteocytes and mononuclear cells from only RA patients. CCL20-stimulated OA osteoblasts showed a significant increase in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase release compared to RA. Conversely, a significant increase in cellular proliferation was found only in CCL20-stimulated RA osteoblasts associated to Akt phosphorylation. These data were confirmed in bone tissue biopsies. This study demonstrates a different expression of CCL20-positive osteoblasts in OA versus RA disease that seem to be associated with the presence of infiltrating mononuclear cells. Moreover, CCL20 stimulation resulted in a greater proliferative response in RA osteoblasts compared to OA osteoblasts, mediated by Akt signaling, while OA osteoblasts showed increased enzymatic activity, thus suggesting a differential role of this chemokine in OA and RA.
Hybrid Distributed Power Generation System using PV and Wind Energy (2014)

This project deals with a grid connected wind-PV hybrid distributed generation system employing permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) driven by a variable speed wind turbine and PV array connected to a load and the grid. PMSG wind turbine connected to a dc-dc converter via three phase diode rectifier and PV array along with a dc-dc converter connected to the DC link which operates under a centralized three phase inverter. The optimum torque tracking scheme is employed to achieve maximum power extraction in wind power generation system. The incremental conductance algorithm is used to achieve MPPT in PV system. In the proposed system, the wind and PV system alone cannot meet the load demand due to the uncertainty in weather conditions causing a high degree of mismatch between the power generation and consumption. To avoid this problem, wind energy conversion system and PV system are made to operate alternatively to meet the load demand based on its availability. General Terms Wind energy conversion system, solar energy Conversion system
Development of an Electromagnetically Actuated Mercury Microvalve (1998)

Abstract The development of microscale fluid handling components has been recognized as a crucial element in the design of microscale chemical detection systems. Recently, work has been undertaken at Sandia National Laboratories to construct a valve that uses a small mercury droplet to control the flow of gas through capillary passages. Electromagnetic forces that are provided by small permanent magnets and a current supply are used to drive the mercury into position. Driving the mercury droplet into a tapered passage halts gas flow through a capillary, while surface tension forces prevent the mercury from passing through the passage. Models have been developed to describe the movement of the mercury droplet and the sealing of the gas passage, and millimeter-scale units have been tested to explore design options. Predictions from the model show that a valve with 10 micron sized features can seal against pressures up to 1.5 atmospheres. Experiments have highlighted the promise of mercury valves and demonstrated problems that can arise from contamination of the mercury.
A survey of canine filarial diseases of veterinary and public health significance in India (2010)

At least six species of filarial nematode are now known to infect dogs in India, two of which were reported for the first time in this study. The study also confirms and extends the geographical distribution of canine heartworm (D. immitis) which overlaps with D. repens, emphasising the importance for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories to utilise immunodiagnostic tests that will not cross-react between those two filarial species. From a public health viewpoint, the distribution and prevalences of these nematodes warrant an appropriate prophylaxis to be administered to dogs.
INTERCONVERSION OF YEAST MATING TYPES I. DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF THE ACTION OF THE HOMOTHALLISM (<i>HO</i>) GENE (1976)

The HO gene promotes interconversion between a and alpha mating types. As a consequence, homothallic diploid cells are formed by mating between siblings descended from a single alpha HO or a HO spore. In order to determine the frequency and pattern of the mating-type switch, we have used a simple technique by which the mating phenotype can be assayed without losing the cell to the mating process itself. Specifically, we have performed pedigree analysis on descendants of single homothallic spores, testing these cells for sensitivity to alpha-factor.The switch from alpha to a and vice versa is detectable after a minimum of two cell divisions. 50% of the clones tested showed switching by the four-cell stage. Of the four cells descended from a single cell, only the oldest cell and its immediate daughter are observed to change mating type. This pattern suggests that one event in the switching process has occurred in the first cell division cycle. Restriction of the switched mating-type to two particular cells may reflect the action of the homothallism system followed by nonrandom segregation of DNA strands in mitosis.The mating behavior of cells which have sustained a change in mating type due to the HO gene is indistinguishable from that of heterothallic strains.
Left ventricular apical puncture: A procedure surviving well into the new millennium (2000)

We report two patients with a history of prior mitral valve and aortic valve replacement with St. Jude prosthetic valves, who were referred for repeat valve replacement after noninvasive assessment was suggestive of prosthetic valve malfunction. Both patients were managed medically after evaluation with direct left ventricular apical puncture revealed normal hemodynamics in the first and mild aortic stenosis in the second patient. These two cases illustrate that, despite the advancements in the noninvasive evaluation of prosthetic heart valves, left ventricular direct puncture continues to have an important value in the evaluation of patients referred for repeat valve replacement, and it can prevent unnecessary surgeries associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:68-73, 2000.
Plant-derived immunomodulators: an insight on their preclinical evaluation and clinical trials (2015)

The phagocyte-microbe interactions in the immune system is a defense mechanism but when excessively or inappropriately deployed can harm host tissues and participate in the development of different non-immune and immune chronic inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune problems, allergies, some rheumatoid disorders, cancers and others. Immunodrugs include organic synthetics, biological agents such as cytokines and antibodies acting on single targets or pathways have been used to treat immune-related diseases but with limited success. Most of immunostimulants and immunosuppressants in clinical use are the cytotoxic drugs which possess serious side effects. There is a growing interest to use herbal medicines as multi-component agents to modulate the complex immune system in the prevention of infections rather than treating the immune-related diseases. Many therapeutic effects of plant extracts have been suggested to be due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system of the human body. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids and glycosides, present in several plants, have been reported to be responsible for the plants immunomodulating properties. Thus the search for natural products of plant origin as new leads for development of potent and safe immunosuppressant and immunostimulant agents is gaining much major research interest. The present review will give an overview of widely investigated plant-derived compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechol-3-gallate, quercetin, colchicine, capsaicin, andrographolide, and genistein) which have exhibited potent effects on cellular and humoral immune functions in pre-clinical investigations and will highlight their clinical potential.
A new approach of density estimation for global illumination (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to generate view-independent global illumination solution using kernel density estimation. Kernel density estimation allows smooth reconstruction of the radiance from hit points generated by shooting random walk or photon tracing. The advantage of this method is that an unbiased Monte-Carlo algorithm simulates light transport and that light reconstruction introduces error but this error is controllable and purely local. We present an approach that does not require storing the set of hit points generated by photon tracing contrary to previous implementation. A method to reduce error both from the light transport and the light reconstruction is also presented. Keywords: Global illumination, density estimation, Monte Carlo. of density estimation because reducing the bias increase
Novel in-situ doped polysilicon emitter process with buried diffusion source (BDS) (1991)

An in-situ doped polysilicon emitter process for very shallow and narrow emitter formation and minimum emitter resistance is presented. An in-situ doped film was imbedded between two undoped poly spacer layers as a buried diffusion source (BDS) to reduce the emitter resistance and to form a high-quality poly/monosilicon interface. Transistors with an emitter area of 0.25 mu m*0.25 mu m and with nearly ideal I-V characteristics were fabricated. A cutoff frequency of 53 GHz and a minimum ECL gate delay of 26 ps were achieved using BDS poly emitter transistors with an emitter area of 0.35 mu m*4.0 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blind spatio-temporal decision feedback equalization: a self-adaptive approach (2003)

It is well known that the performance of any receiver can be improved by means of equalization and diversity combining. However, the problem of blind adaptation is entirely open for a decision feedback equalizer. This paper attempts to introduce a new scheme of blind spatio-temporal equalizer whose main feature is its ability to self-adapt both its structure and its criteria according to the channel severity. Simulation results are given for a 4-QAM signal and compared to those of the classical constant modulus algorithm (CMA) spatio-temporal equalizer. The results are really convincing : the new equalizer exhibits very good performances in terms of the mean square error, bit error rate as well as the convergence speed. From all these points of view, it largely outperforms the classical CMA linear equalizer. As a result, this new blind spatio-temporal equalizer turns out to be very attractive for many applications.
Multivariate pattern analysis in functional brain imaging. (2011)

The non-invasive recording of brain activity with functional brain imaging greatly advances our understanding of human cognition. At the meantime, more powerful multivariate analysis methods are being developed to compensate the limited capability of traditional univariate approaches. In this review, I will introduce the development of these multivariate methods for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the dominant brain imaging technique used in cognitive neuroscience society. The physiological basis of this analysis approach and its future directions will be discussed as well.