gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning class‐specific descriptors for deformable shapes using localized spectral convolutional networks (2015)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a generalization of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to non‐Euclidean domains for the analysis of deformable shapes. Our construction is based on localized frequency analysis (a generalization of the windowed Fourier transform to manifolds) that is used to extract the local behavior of some dense intrinsic descriptor, roughly acting as an analogy to patches in images. The resulting local frequency representations are then passed through a bank of filters whose coefficient are determined by a learning procedure minimizing a task‐specific cost. Our approach generalizes several previous methods such as HKS, WKS, spectral CNN, and GPS embeddings. Experimental results show that the proposed approach allows learning class‐specific shape descriptors significantly outperforming recent state‐of‐the‐art methods on standard benchmarks.
The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamins A, C and E on Cell-mediated Immune Function in Elderly Long-stay Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial (1991)

Thirty elderly long-stay patients were randomly allocated to receive either placebo or dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C and E for 28 days. Nutritional status and cell-mediated immune function were assessed before and after the period of supplementation. Following vitamin supplementation, cell-mediated immune function improved as indicated by a significant increase in the absolute number of T cells (p less than 0.05), T4 subsets (p less than 0.05), T4 to T8 ratio (p less than 0.01) and the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to phytohaemagglutinin (p less than 0.01). In contrast, no significant changes were noted in the immune function of the placebo group. We conclude that supplementation with the dietary antioxidants vitamins A, C and E can improve aspects of cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients.
Fast Adaptive Fuzzy Post-Filtering for Coding Artifacts Removal in Interlaced Video (2006)

The paper presents a new method using fuzzy filtering to remove the coding artifacts in compressed video. The method takes the interlaced video format into consideration and processes each field separately. For deblocking, a 1D fuzzy filter with different window sizes is used to remove the horizontal and vertical blocking artifacts respectively. For deringing, each 8/spl times/8 block in a field is first classified into one of the four categories, i.e., strong edge, weak edge, texture and smooth blocks. According to each block's type and the neighboring block's type, the spread parameter of a 2D fuzzy filter is adaptively decided and the filter is applied To speed up the process, the fuzzy filter weights are generated using a piecewise linear membership function instead of the conventional Gaussian function. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better detail preservation and lower computational costs than our previous method. It achieves comparable deblocking and superior deringing performance to the MPEG-4 standard method at similar computation costs.
Expression of beta1-integrins and N-cadherin in bladder cancer and melanoma cell lines. (2000)

Changes in the expression of integrins and cadherins might contribute to the progression, invasion and metastasis of transitional cell cancer of the bladder and of melanomas. The expression of alpha5 (P < 0.001), alpha2 and beta1 (P < 0.05 - P < 0.001) integrin subunits in melanoma cells from noncutaneous metastatic sites (WM9, A375) were significantly increased as compared to cutaneous primary tumor (WM35) and metastatic (WM239) cell lines. These differences might be ascribed to the invasive character of melanoma cells and their metastasis to the noncutaneous locations. The significantly heterogeneous expression of beta1 integrin subunit in two malignant bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and Hu456) and nonsignificant differences in the expression of alpha2, alpha3, and alpha5 subunits between malignant and non-malignant human bladder cell lines do not allow an unanimous conclusion on the role of these intergrin subunits in the progression of transitional cancer of bladder. The adhesion molecule, expressed in all studied melanoma and bladder cell lines, that reacted with anti-Pan cadherin monoclonal antibodies was identified as N-cadherin except in the HCV29 non-malignant ureter cell line. However, neither this nor any other bladder or melanoma cell line expressed E-cadherin. The obtained results imply that the replacement of E-cadherin by N-cadherin accompanied by a simultaneous increase in expression of alpha2, alpha3 and alpha5 integrin subunits clearly indicates an increase of invasiveness of melanoma and, to a lesser extent, of transitional cell cancer of bladder. High expression of N-cadherin and alpha5 integrin subunit seems to be associated with the most invasive melanoma phenotype.
The Norrish Type II Photodecomposition of Di-<i>n</i>-Butyl Terephthalate (1971)

The liquid phase photolysis of undiluted di-n-butyl terephthalate yields 1-butene and carboxylic acid end groups as a result of a Norrish Type II photochemical rearrangement reaction. Quantum yields for the production of these two products have been determined and found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in vacuum and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in air.
The Synthesis and Reactions of Some Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Reactions of Some Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines1Stanley C. Bel and William T. CaldwelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 6, 1469–1471Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01491a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01491a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypusination Orchestrates the Antimicrobial Response of Macrophages (2020)

Innate responses of myeloid cells defend against pathogenic bacteria via inducible effectors. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the transfer of the N-moiety of spermidine to the lysine-50 residue of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A) to form the amino acid hypusine. Hypusinated EIF5A (EIF5A<sup>Hyp</sup>) transports specific mRNAs to ribosomes for translation. We show that DHPS is induced in macrophages by two gastrointestinal pathogens, Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter rodentium, resulting in enhanced hypusination of EIF5A. EIF5A<sup>Hyp</sup> was also increased in gastric macrophages from patients with H. pylori gastritis. Furthermore, we identify the bacteria-induced immune effectors regulated by hypusination. This set of proteins includes essential constituents of antimicrobial response and autophagy. Mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of Dhps exhibit reduced EIF5A<sup>Hyp</sup> in macrophages and increased bacterial burden and inflammation. Thus, regulation of translation through hypusination is a critical hallmark of the defense of eukaryotic hosts against pathogenic bacteria.
Generation of highly coherent extreme ultraviolet source and its application in diffraction imaging (2014)

We report the generation of small bandwidth highly coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation and the application of this source in coherent diffractive transmission microscope. Using a focussed narrow-bandwidth high harmonic generation (HHG) source with wavelength around 30 nm we achieve a resolution of ∼45 nm with a sample size down to 3 μm × 3 μm in a very short exposure time of <8 s. The experimental scheme is able for imaging sub-10 nm scale objects with an inexpensive table-top, commercially available femtosecond laser system.
Pax6 induces ectopic eyes in a vertebrate (1999)

We report here that misexpression of the transcription factor Pax6 in the vertebrate Xenopus laevis leads to the formation of differentiated ectopic eyes. Multiple molecular markers indicated the presence of mature lens fiber cells, ganglion cells, Müller cells, photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells in a spatial arrangement similar to that of endogenous eyes. Lineage tracing experiments showed that lens, retina and retinal pigment epithelium arose as a consequence of the cell-autonomous function of Pax6. These experiments also reveal that the cell autonomous activity of misexpressed Pax6 causes the ectopic expression of a number of genes including Rx, Otx2, Six3 and endogenous Pax6, each of which has been implicated in eye development. The formation of ectopic and endogenous eyes could be suppressed by coexpression of a dominant-negative form of Pax6. These data show that in vertebrates, as in the invertebrate Drosophila melanogaster, Pax6 is both necessary and sufficient to trigger the cascade of events required for eye formation.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Salinity on Leaf Growth in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) (1991)

Addition of 50 mM NaCl to Oryza sativa L. had little effect upon the time of leaf initiation, but leaf mortality prior to the normal phase of senescence was increased and the onset of senescence was advanced. There was no significant effect upon the day-to-day pattern of growth, nor upon the ultimate length, of leaves that were developing at the time of, or shortly after, salinization with 50 mM NaCI. Leaves that developed after prolonged exposure of the plants to salinity were shorter. Addition of NaCl, KC1 or mannitol to the root medium brought about a cessation of leaf elongation within one minute. Growth at a reduced rate restarted abruptly after a lag period that depended upon the external concentration. Elongation rate recovered its original value within 24 h after exposure to 50 mM NaCl, though not at higher concentrations. Addition of NaCl at concentrations up to 100 mM elicited no short-term effects upon photosynthetic gas exchange. Na uptake contributed to osmotic adjustment of the growing zone. When plants were rapidly exposed to 50 mM NaCl, no change in turgor pressure was detectable in the growing zone with the resolution of the miniature pressure probe used (about 70 kPa). It is concluded that the initial growth reduction in rice caused by salinization is due to a limitation of water supply. A clear distinction is made between the initial effects of low salinity which are recoverable and the long-term effects which result from the accumulation of salt within expanded leaves.
Chromatin protein HMGB2 regulates articular cartilage surface maintenance via β-catenin pathway (2009)

The superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage is critical in maintaining tissue function and homeostasis and represents the site of the earliest changes in osteoarthritis. Mechanisms that regulate the unique phenotype of SZ chondrocytes and maintain SZ integrity are unknown. We recently demonstrated that expression of the chromatin protein high mobility group box (HMGB) protein 2 is restricted to the SZ in articular cartilage suggesting a transcriptional regulation involving HMGB2 in SZ. Here, we show that an interaction between HMGB2 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates the maintenance of the SZ. We found that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is active specifically in the SZ in normal mouse knee joints and colocalizes with HMGB2. Both Wnt signaling and HMGB2 expression decrease with aging in mouse joints. Our molecular studies show that HMGB2 enhances the binding of Lef-1 to its target sequence and potentiates transcriptional activation of the Lef-1-beta-catenin complex. The HMG domain within HMGB2 is crucial for interaction with Lef-1, suggesting that both HMGB2 and HMGB1 may be involved in this function. Furthermore, conditional deletion of beta-catenin in cultured mouse chondrocytes induced apoptosis. These findings define a pathway where protein interactions of HMGB2 and Lef-1 enhance Wnt signaling and promote SZ chondrocyte survival. Loss of the HMGB2-Wnt signaling interaction is a new mechanism in aging-related cartilage pathology.
DNA Sequence Variation within <i>vanA</i> , <i>vanB</i> , <i>vanC-1</i> , and <i>vanC-2/3</i> Genes of Clinical <i>Enterococcus</i> Isolates (1998)

We studied the DNA sequence variation of van genes of 34 isolates of Enterococcus spp. The isolates containing the vanB gene exhibited between 0 and 41 base pair changes per 801 bp studied when the vanB sequences were compared to that of the reference strain Enterococcus faecalis V583. The isolates carrying the vanC-2 gene exhibited between 0 and 23 base pair changes per 346 bp studied when the vanC-2 sequences were compared to that of the reference strain E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788. Little variation was noted in the vanA and vanC-1 genes.
Heterolytic Cleavage of H<sub>2</sub> at a Sulfur‐Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Center (2004)

Incoming molecular hydrogen breaks the RuS bridges in the diruthenium complex [Ru(pybuS4)]2 (pybuS42−=2,6-bis(2-sulfanyl-3,5-di-tert-butylphenylthio)dimethylpyridine(2−)) shown, and the HH bond is cleaved to give H+ and H− in the resulting thiol-protonated hydride [Ru(H)(pybuS4-H)]. The proposed mechanism of the heterolytic cleavage of H2 at the RuS centers is intriguing and possibly relevant to the activation of H2 by hydrogenases.
Quantitation of High Boiling Fractions of North Sea Oil after Class Separation and Gel Permeation Chromatography (1985)

Abstract Deasphalted high boiling petroleum fractions (b.p. > 350[ddot]C) were rapidly separated into saturates, aromatics and polars using a two-column system (silica and cyano-bonded silica) with column switching and backflushing. Each of the classes were separated by size using gel permeation chromatography. The quantitation by refractive index detection was compared to the results from gravimetric analysis and the data indicated that refractive index detection can be used for quantitation of the gel permeation chromatographic separation of the individual classes of high boiling fractions of petroleum. For the separation into classes, the possibility of using quantitation based on refractive index detection and response factors obtained from similar high boiling residues were examined.
Rice OsNAR2.1 interacts with OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2 and OsNRT2.3a nitrate transporters to provide uptake over high and low concentration ranges (2011)

Plants take up both nitrate and ammonium as main nitrogen (N) sources. Although ammonium is the predominant form in anaerobic-flooded paddy soil, it has been proposed that rice and other wetland plants may take up significant amounts of nitrate formed by nitrification of ammonium in the rhizosphere. A two-component system for nitrate transport including NRT2s with a partner protein (NAR2 or NRT3.1) has been identified in Arabidopsis. We report the physiological function of another member of the NAR2 family, OsNAR2.1 in rice (Oryza sativa, ssp. Japonica, cv. Nipponbare). OsNAR2.1 was mainly expressed in roots and induced by nitrate and suppressed by ammonium and some amino acids. Knockdown of OsNAR2.1 by RNA interference synchronously suppressed expression of OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2 and OsNRT2.3a in the osnar2.1mutants. Both high- and low-affinity nitrate transports were greatly impaired by OsNAR2.1 knockdown. Yeast two hybridization showed that OsNAR2.1 not only interacted with OsNRT2.1/OsNRT2.2, but also with OsNRT2.3a. Taken together, the data demonstrate that OsNAR2.1 plays a key role in enabling the plant to cope with variable nitrate supply.
Modification of the 1-Phosphate Group during Biosynthesis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus Lipid A (2015)

Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a commensal bacterium of dog's mouth flora causing severe infections in humans after dog bites or scratches, has a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) with low-inflammatory lipid A. In particular, it contains a phosphoethanolamine (P-Etn) instead of a free phosphate group at the C-1 position of the lipid A backbone, usually present in highly toxic enterobacterial Gram-negative lipid A. Here we show that the C. canimorsus genome comprises a single operon encoding a lipid A 1-phosphatase (LpxE) and a lipid A 1 P-Etn transferase (EptA). This suggests that lipid A is modified during biosynthesis after completing acylation of the backbone by removal of the 1-phosphate and subsequent addition of an P-Etn group. As endotoxicity of lipid A is known to depend largely on the degree of unsubstituted or unmodified phosphate residues, deletion of lpxE or eptA led to mutants lacking the P-Etn group, with consequently increased endotoxicity and decreased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP). Consistent with the proposed sequential biosynthetic mechanism, the endotoxicity and CAMP resistance of a double deletion mutant of lpxE-eptA was similar to that of a single lpxE mutant. Finally, the proposed enzymatic activities of LpxE and EptA based on sequence similarity could be successfully validated by mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of lipid A isolated from the corresponding deletion mutant strains.
The Lubrication of Gold Surfaces by Plasma-Deposited Thin Films of Fluorocarbon Polymer (1980)

Thin films of fluorocarbon material have been deposited on gold-plated substrates by the technique of RF-induced plasma polymerization of fluorocarbon monomer gases. The deposited films have been evaluated for suitability as contact lubricants by determining the friction and wear characteristics of the substrates in the presence and absence of the film and by a comparison to substrates coated with microcrystalline wax, a typical contact lubricant currently in use. The data were obtained using a rider/flat wear tester. Electrical conduction through the films has been characterized by contact resistance measurements. The results show that there exists a range of film thicknesses that provide a significant improvement in friction and wear relative to unlubricated substrates at a low ohmic contact resistance. The microcrystalline wax, however, provided the best protection.
19.5L: <i>LateNews Paper</i> : A New Advantage of MultiPrimaryColor Displays (2010)

Abstract Image quality improvement for TVs cannot be achieved without improvements on both signal processing and display device approaches. This paper focuses on a MultiPrimaryColor MPC display device, which is one of the most remarkable achievements as a wide color gamut display device in recent years. Then, we report that perceptual resolution on MPC display can be improved with image enhancement of input signal, using a simple simulation.
Androgen‐independent expression of adrenomedullin and peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase in human prostatic carcinoma (2003)

Most of the locally advanced and metastatic prostate carcinomas (PCs) treated with antiandrogenic therapy eventually become refractory to this treatment. Locally produced factors may control prostate tumor biology after androgen withdrawal. Adrenomedullin (AM) is expressed in the prostate and could control cell growth in androgen-independent conditions. AM needs to be amidated by the enzyme peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) to become fully active. The objective of the present study was to analyze whether the expression of preproadrenomedullin (preproAM) and PAM in PC is regulated by androgens. For this purpose, human in vitro and in vivo PC models were grown in the presence or absence of androgens, and the expression of AM and PAM was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and Northern blotting. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of AM in clinical specimens was performed to test if its expression is related to Gleason score and antiandrogenic therapy. In PC cell lines and xenografts, mRNA and protein AM levels were similar in the presence or absence of androgens. PAM expression seemed to be induced by androgen-withdrawal. Our results in clinical samples showed no relationship between AM expression and Gleason score or antiandrogenic treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that preproAM and PAM expression in the human prostate is androgen-independent. In addition, we also report for the first time the expression of a novel PAM transcript in PC, which has not been previously described in other tissues.
The fat mouse: a powerful genetic model to study elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in obesity/NIDDM. (1997)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is elevated in obesity and may be a risk factor for obesity/NIDDM related cardiovascular disease. In spite of this, little is known about the tissue and cellular origin of elevated PAI-1 in obesity or of the mediators and molecular mechanisms that regulate it. We have begun to systematically address these issues using genetically obese (ob/ob, db/db) mice. Plasma PAI-1 levels were 5-fold higher in obese mice compared to their lean counterparts. Subsequent RT-PCR and in situ hybridization studies suggest that the increased plasma PAI-1 originates primarily from the adipocyte in response to chronically elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), insulin, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Thus, the signals and mechanisms that lead to elevated plasma PAI-1 observed in obesity are complex, and appear to involve interactions between multiple mediators and the adipose tissue itself.
Strategies for resistance to bacterial wilt disease of bananas through genetic engineering (2004)

The livelihoods of millions of Ugandan farmers have been threatened by current outbreak of a banana bacterial wilt disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum , which is very destructive and rapidly spreading in Uganda. Bananas are the highest value staple food and source of income for millions of people in this region. Economic impact of the disease is clear as a result of widespread destruction of banana, pre-harvest rotting of fruits, and a lack of farmers' ability to grow bananas in disease endemic areas. The disease attacks all varieties of banana, including East African Highland Bananas (EAHBs). No banana germplasm with bacterial wilt resistance has been identified. The transgenic approach shows potential for the genetic improvement of the crop using a wide set of transgenes currently available which may confer bacterial resistance. This article discusses the potential strategies to develop transgenic banana plants resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Key Words: Banana, bacterial wilt, genetic transformation, disease resistant. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(12) 2004: 688-692