gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a new film-coated tablet of sodium fusidate administered as a single oral dose to healthy volunteers (1989)

Single oral doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg of sodium fusidate as one, two, three and four film-coated 250 mg tablets were compared in a cross over design trial with a solution dose of 500 mg in 12 healthy male volunteers. The effect of food on absorption of two-film coated tablets was also studied. Compared with the dose given as a solution, tablets gave complete oral absorption, the area under the curve (AUC) for blood concentration being virtually identical. After administration of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg the mean of the maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) was 11.6 +/- 1.1, 30.6 +/- 2.2, 48.1 +/- 3.0 and 65.2 +/- 4.2 mg/l, respectively, indicating a greater than expected increase in Cmax with increasing dose. This was also apparent with AUC, while there was a significant trend for beta, the terminal slope of the serum/concentration time curve, to decrease. Food significantly reduced Cmax and delayed Tmax but did not affect AUC or beta. Dosage had no effect on parameters of renal, hepatic or haemopoietic function but 25% of the volunteers complained of upper gastro-intestinal symptoms mainly at the highest dose studied.
Br(e)king the Exploitation of Labor?: Tensions Regarding the Welfare Workforce (1997)

This Article examines the deep human rights concerns within the transmogrifying world of work, focusing on the integral part that work plays in the definition, construction, maintenance, and enhancement of the social contract in the context of the New York City welfare workforce. Part I reviews the "employee"/partner/independent contractor distinctions, focusing on recent case law, the regulatory tax regime, and related issues. Part II examines the complex pressures that workfare legislation will exert throughout most sectors of the workforce and the unemployed. Part III explores the role of Catholic social teachings on workers' rights as well as the reemergence of the "living wage" initiative. This Article concludes that the situation is grim, perhaps inexorably Malthusian. As huge pools of surplus labor bid unsuccessfully for increasingly scarce jobs, all but the most educated and technologically adept face unrelenting downward pressures on wage compensation.
Magnetization reversal and spintronics of Ni/Graphene/Co induced by doped graphene (2013)

We have investigated the magnetization reversal induced by carrier doped graphene (Be, B, N, O, or Cl doping) in Ni/Graphene/Co. In undoped case, the magnetic layers have an antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling and this is still preserved from Be to O doping. We find magnetization reversal from AFM to ferromagnetic interaction induced by Cl doped graphene. In addition, the Ni and the Co layers show the opposite spin asymmetry near the Fermi level and this implies that each layer will generate completely different in-plane spin current in the same direction if an external electric field is applied.
Ion implantation for threshold control in COSMOS circuits (1974)

The use of ion implantation for close threshold control of N-MOS and P-MOS transistors has been studied from an experimental and theoretical viewpoint. Experimental determinations of ion-implanted diffusion profiles, sheet resistivities, and threshold voltages for boron, phosphorus, and arsenic implantations are reported for doses in the range from 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> to 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> ions/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Care has been taken to ensure accuracy of implanted dose in the 35-150 keV range in order to permit direct comparison of experiments with theory. Satisfactory agreement is observed between experiment and computer predictions using only the implantation dose and energy. The analytical model tested assumed outdiffusion in a neutral ambient from an implanted Gaussian layer. Experimental tests of the calculation are made for thresholds, sheet-resistance profiles, and amounts of dopant lost to the oxide masking layer. The theoretical model has been used as a basis for threshold control. The application of these principles is related to the practical fabrication of COSMOS circuits with close threshold control through suitable selection of starting substrate material and implantation conditions.
COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE (2010)

The interests of science and the acquisition of geographical knowledge entered largely into the motives of the circumnavigations above related. But the first expedition of importance, fitted out wholly for scientific objects, was that intrusted to the command of the celebrated captain James Cook. This great navigator was born of humble parents: his father was an agricultural labourer, whose steady conduct was at length rewarded by his employer with the situation of hind or under steward. As he had nine children, and his means were slender, he was unable to assist materially their individual exertions to procure a livelihood. James, when thirteen years of age, was apprenticed to a shopkeeper at Straiths, a fishing town not far from Whitby; but the predilection of young Cook for the sea was soon manifested with that strength of inclination which is sure to accompany peculiar talents. He engaged himself for seven years with the owners of some ships employed in the coal trade; and, when the period of his engagement was expired, he was promoted by his employers to the rank of mate of one of their vessels. The coal trade of England, being chiefly carried on near a singularly dangerous coast, where unceasing vigilance is required on the part of the seamen, constitutes the best school of practical mariners in the world. Cook, who obeyed his own inclinations when he turned sailor, profited, no doubt, in the highest degree, from the opportunities which his coasting voyages afforded him of becoming acquainted with the practical part of navigation.
Bone morphogenetic proteins and neurotrophins provide complementary protection of septal cholinergic function during phosphatase inhibitor‐induced stress (2004)

Cultures of embryonic rat septum were exposed for 24-48 h to 2-5 nm okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of pp1A and pp2A phosphatases. This stress killed approximately 75% of neurons. A neurotrophin (NT) combination (nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, each 100 ng/mL) plus a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP6 or BMP7, 5 nm) reduced the death of both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons, and preserved choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity assayed 2-6 days post-stress. This NT + BMP combination preserved ChAT activity better than either NTs or BMPs alone, and was effective even if trophic factor addition was delayed until 12 h after stress onset. A general caspase inhibitor (qVD-OPH, 10 micro g/mL) also increased survival of stressed cholinergic neurons, but its protection of ChAT activity was shorter lived than that produced by the NT + BMP combination. Neither the NT + BMP combination nor the caspase inhibitor reduced the OA-induced increase in tau phosphorylation. These findings indicate that NTs and BMPs have synergistic protective effects against an OA stress, and suggest that at least some of these protective effects occur upstream of caspase activation.
International Financial Instability and the Financial Derivatives Market (1996)

The financial derivatives market evolved rapidly in the 1980s in response to the deregulation of financial markets and financial innovation. Encompassing futures, options, currency swaps, and interest rate swaps, this market has grown to a value of more than $8 trillion in outstanding contracts. While these financial innovations have assisted business enterprises in hedging risk, they have also created conditions for heightened financial fragility on an international scale. The rapid growth of the derivatives market has been accompanied by a lag in instituting regulatory controls that would limit the destabilizing impact of these new financial innovations. Since many derivatives involve cross-border trading, the derivatives market has led to increased international financial fragility and the attendant need for greater supranational governance of derivatives. To explore these themes, I will use a monetary theory of production provided by institutionalist economic theory.
Low‐Bandgap Alternating Fluorene Copolymer/Methanofullerene Heterojunctions in Efficient Near‐Infrared Polymer Solar Cells (2006)

Efficient near-IR polymer solar cells based on the low-bandgap alternating fluorene copolymer APFO-Green 5 (shown in the figure) exhibit a photoresponse up to 800 nm. The copolymer performs well in combination with the common electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), reaching a power-conversion efficiency of 2.2 % with a lower PCBM content in the active layer than previous devices based on low-bandgap polymers.
The Increased Expression of CCL20 and CCR6 in Rectal Mucosa Correlated to Severe Inflammation in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis (2015)

Background/Aims. The aim of this study is to clarify the differences of CCL20 and CCR6 expression, chemokine correlated to intestinal homeostasis, between pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Methods. Onehundred forty-one patients who underwent proctocolectomy were divided to two groups including childhood-onset UC (CUC, <16 years old, n = 24) and adult-onset UC (AUC, ≧16 years old, n = 117). A total of 141 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of rectum were obtained from these patients. Histological inflammation of rectum in resected specimen was evaluated by using Geboes histological assessment. In immunohistochemistry study, the CCL20 expression was evaluated by intensity and the stained area, and the CCR6 expression was evaluated by lymphocytes infiltration pattern. Results. CCL20 score and CCR6 positive lymphocytes infiltration pattern were statistically significantly correlated with histological inflammation severity of UC in all patients (P < 0.05). CCL20 and CCR6 expression in CUC were statistically significantly higher than that in AUC in all or pathologically severe cases (P < 0.05). Conclusions. CCL20 and CCR6 may play a significant role in local damage and pathological changes in UC especially pediatric patients. In the future, our understanding of the differences in CCL-CCR6 interaction between adults and children may lead to the pathogenesis of IBD.
Compound heterozygosity for 2 novel TMEM16F mutations in a patient with Scott syndrome (2011)

To the editor:

Loss of transmembrane lipid asymmetry in apoptotic cells or in activated platelets is thought to be catalyzed by a specific membrane protein named phospholipid scramblase.[1][1] Recently, the transmembrane protein TMEM16F was shown to be required for Ca2+-induced lipid scrambling and
Genetic and Physical Characterization of Tn904. (1982)

The possibility that a streptomycin resistance determinant was part of a transposon was confirmed. Genetic techniques were used to demonstrate definitively that the genetic element, designated Tn904, was capable of transposition in a recA('-) genetic background. Physical analysis of plasmids that had acquired Tn904 showed that in all cases acquisition of the transposon was accompanied by the acquisition of a discrete DNA segment. Transposition was not site-specific with respect to the recipient molecule. It was shown at the level of resistance to streptomycin conferred by Tn904 was directly related to the copy number of the transposon. As a result, recovery of cells in which transposition of Tn904 from a low copy number plasmid to a high copy number plasmid had occurred could be enriched for by growth of the cells on Sm containing media. The practical implications of this phenomenon were discussed. Restriction endonuclease digest analysis of Tn904 showed that the transposon had a size of 5.2 kb. Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis showed that the transposon was flanked by inverted repeats of about 125 bp. A coordinate system based on this data was devised for Tn904. The approximate site of the Sm resistance determinant was localized on the transposon. The transposon was shown not to increase in size when exposed to high levels of streptomycin. The transposon was shown not to include markers for mercury or spectinomycin resistance. Transposition frequency in two different experimental situations was determined. Precise excision of Tn904 from plasmid molecules was not observed to occur.
Terminal Reactions in the Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste (1982)

An anaerobic mesophilic digestor was operated using beef cattle waste (diluted to 5.75% volatile solids) as substrate; retention time was 10 days with daily batch feed. Volatile solids destruction was 36%. Daily gas production rate was 1.8 liters of gas (standard temperature and pressure) per liter of digestor contents (0.99 liters of CH(4) per liter of digestor contents). Acetate turnover was measured, and it was calculated that 68% of the CH(4) was derived from the methyl group of acetate. When the methanogenic substrates acetic acid or H(2)/CO(2) were added to the digestor on a continuous basis, the microflora were able to adapt and convert them to terminal products while continuing to degrade animal waste to the same extent as without additions. The methanogenic substrates were added at a rate at least 1.5 times the microbial production rate which was measured in the absence of added substrates. Added acetate was converted directly to CH(4) by acetoclastic methanogens; H(2) addition greatly stimulated acetate production in the digestor. A method is described for the measurement of acetate turnover in batch-fed digestors.
Ferroelectric Properties of Crystalline-Oriented Lead-Zirconate-Titanates Formed by Sol-Gel Deposition Technique (1995)

Ferroelectric properties of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) films formed by the sol-gel deposition technique have been discussed from the standpoint of ferroelectric random-access memory (FRAM) and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) applications. PZT films with <111>-preferred orientation and random orientation were formed on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by optimizing fabrication conditions. Remanent polarization of the <111>-preferred film was 23.5 µ C/cm 2 which is somewhat higher than that of the randomly oriented one. An abrupt saturation of remanent polarization was observed only for the <111>-preferred film. The voltages which provide saturations of remanent polarization densities for the <111>-preferred films are almost constant between 3.5 V to 4 V independent of thickness. The dielectric constant of the randomly oriented film was 730 which is larger than that of the <111>-preferred one and gradually decreased depending on the applied electric field. The <111>-preferred PZT film is appropriate for FRAM application, and the randomly oriented one is preferred for DRAM application.
A Vision of an Integrated Internet Information Service (1994)

This paper lays out a vision of how Internet information services might be integrated over the next few years, and discusses in some detail what steps will be needed to achieve this integration.
A facile route to violet- to orange-emitting Cd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Se alloy nanocrystals via cation exchange reaction (2007)

The most advanced CdSe-based binary semiconductor system does not work well for emission in the short wavelength spectral region from 420 to 500?nm, which is of special interest for the preparation of nanocrystal-based blue LEDs and white light generation. CdxZn1?xSe alloy nanocrystals are proven to be an attractive alternative as their emission color can be tuned from the UV spectral region (ZnSe) to the red region (CdSe) by changing the composition of the Zn/Cd ratio in the alloy. Herein we report a facile and 'green' alloying approach for the preparation of highly luminescent CdxZn1?xSe nanocrystals via cation exchange reaction of the pre-prepared ZnSe nanocrystals with Cd2+ at intermediate temperatures. Through this new synthetic strategy, high-quality alloy QDs with different desired emission wavelengths or colors (ranging from 370 to 600?nm) can be made reproducibly and precisely by varying the predetermined amounts of the reaction precursors.
Evidence for a Protein Covalently Linked to Tobacco Ringspot Virus RNA (1979)

SUMMARY The two RNA species of tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) had about the same radioactivity per molecule when iodinated by treatment with Na125I and chloramine T. The radioactivity was not separated from the RNA by heating for 1 min at 70 °C in 100% formamide followed by rate zonal sedimentation in sucrose density gradients containing SDS, or by equilibrium centrifugation in caesium trichloroacetate, indicating that the labelled material is covalently linked to the RNA; these treatments had little effect on infectivity. Incubation with Pronase or proteinase K made 90 to 97% of the radioactivity soluble in 70% ethanol, but did not noticeably alter the size of the RNA molecules. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of acetone-precipitable material, liberated from the RNA by ribonuclease treatment, revealed a radioactive component with the mobility of a polypeptide of mol. wt. about 4000. The protease-sensitive structure previously shown to be needed for infectivity of TRSV-RNA probably is the covalently linked polypeptide now detected.
Rapid Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ones Using Zn(NH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>as a Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation (2006)

Abstract Rapid synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ones (THPO) from aromatic aldehydes, β ‐ketoester and urea (or thiourea) using zinc sulfamate as the catalyst under microwave irradiation was described here. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction, this new method consistently has the advantages of good yields (76%–96%), short reaction time (3–15 min), no corrosion to equipments, ease of manipulation, and low cost catalyst.
Transient Behavior of Ni@NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Functionalized SrTiO<sub>3</sub> in Overall Water Splitting (2017)

Transients in the composition of Ni@NiO <sub><i>x</i></sub> core-shell co-catalysts deposited on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> are discussed on the basis of state-of-the-art continuous analysis of photocatalytic water splitting, and post-XPS and TEM analyses. The formation of excessive hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>:O<sub>2</sub> ≫ 2) in the initial stages of illumination demonstrates oxidation of Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> to NiOOH (nickel oxyhydroxide), with the latter catalyzing water oxidation. A disproportionation reaction of Ni and NiOOH, yielding Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> with residual embedded Ni, occurs when illumination is discontinued, which explains repetitive transients in (excess) hydrogen and oxygen formation when illumination is reinitiated.
Photooxidative action in cancer and normal cells induced by the use of photofrin in photodynamic therapy. (2008)

Photofrin-mediated PDT was applied to malignant (A549 and MCF-7) and normal (HUV-EC-C) cells. The cells were incubated for different lengths of time after PDT. The cell responses to the therapy were examined by changes in SOD activity, phototoxicity, and mode of the cell death. PDT induced dynamic changes in SOD activity. Initially, an increase in SOD activity was observed, and after 6 hours of culture it decreased to the control level. Results obtained from MTT and the comet assay indicate that PDT caused immediate cell death via apoptosis in the A549, MCF-7, and HUV-EC-C cell lines. Our studies confirm that SOD is involved in the response of both cancer and normal cells to PDT.
Use of E-mail Social Networks for Enterprise Benefit (2010)

The article discusses the potential methods and benefits of the analysis of social networks hidden in the enterprise and personal email archives. A proof-of concept prototype was developed. Social network extraction and the spreading activation algorithm are discussed and evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF AMINOPTERIN AND HOMOLOGS VIA 6‐(BROMOMETHYL)‐2,4‐DIAMINOPTERIDINE HYDROBROMIDE (1974)

Abstract Tetraamino‐pyrimidin (I) reagiert mit 1,3‐Dihydroxy‐aceton (II) im wesentlichen zum Carbinol (IVa) neben geringeren Anteilen der Methylverbindung (III).
Increased Gastrin and Calcitonin Secretion after Oral Calcium or Peptones Administration in Patients with Hypercalciuria: A Clue to an Alteration in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Activity (2005)

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been detected in human antral gastrin-secreting cells, where, upon calcium and/or amino acid allosteric activation, it stimulates gastrin secretion. Patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) display an enhanced gastric acid output; therefore, we evaluated the secretion of gastrin in subjects with AH (30 subjects vs. 30 healthy female controls, all postmenopausal) after oral calcium administration (1 g calcium gluconate) and, on a separate occasion, after peptone loading test (protein hydrolyzed, 10 g). Gastrin and monomeric calcitonin responses were higher in AH after both oral calcium administration (P < 0.01) and peptone loading (P < 0.01). Because the activation of CaSR by oral calcium and peptones directly induces gastrin release, the higher gastrin responses to these stimuli suggest an increased sensitivity of gastrin-secreting cells CaSR in patients with AH. A similar alteration in thyroid C cells might explain the enhanced calcitonin responses to both calcium and peptones. If the same alterations should in addition be present in the distal tubule (where CaSR is expressed as well), then a possible explanation for amino acid-induced hypercalciuria in AH would have been identified.
Aminomethylene Peptide Nucleic Acid (<i>am</i>-PNA): Synthesis, Regio-/Stereospecific DNA Binding, And Differential Cell Uptake of (α/γ,<i>R</i>/<i>S</i>)<i>am-</i>PNA Analogues (2012)

Inherently chiral, cationic am-PNAs having pendant aminomethylene groups at α(R/S) or γ(S) sites on PNA backbone have been synthesized. The modified PNAs are shown to stabilize duplexes with complementary cDNA in a regio- and stereo-preferred manner with γ(S)-am PNA superior to α(R/S)-am PNAs and α(R)-am PNA better than the α(S) isomer. The enhanced stabilization of am-PNA:DNA duplexes is accompanied by a greater discrimination of mismatched bases. This seems to be a combined result of both electrostatic interactions and conformational preorganization of backbone favoring the cDNA binding. The am-PNAs are demonstrated to effectively traverse the cell membrane, localize in the nucleus of HeLa cells, and exhibit low toxicity to cells.