gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Bisphenol-A in Reusable Polycarbonate Food-Contact Plastics and Migration to Food-Simulating Liquids (1997)

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a principal reactant in the preparation of polycarbonate (PC) plastics and has been shown in in vitro cell proliferation studies to exhibit estrogen-like characteristics. Reusable baby bottles, water carboys, and other housewares are often made of PC. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) protocol was used to determine residual BPA in PC and BPA migrated to food simulants in contact with PC under controlled time/temperature conditions. Confirmation of BPA was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC−MS). Residual amounts of BPA found in PC food contact articles ranged from 7 to 58 μg/g. In migration tests the plastic was exposed to water, ethanol/water mixtures, and Miglyol (a food oil simulant) in sealed vials at a constant temperature of 65 °C, for up to 10 days. BPA in food simulants ranged from 13 to 368% of BPA available to migrate from the polymer. GC−MS methods were applied to the analysis of water stored in reusable PC 5-gal water carboys. The amount of BPA found in the water ranged from ND to 5 ppb. Keywords: Bisphenol-A; polycarbonate; migration; baby bottles; hydrolysis
Storing HyTime documents in an object-oriented databases (1994)

An open hypermedia-document storage system has to meet requirements that are not satisfied by existing systems: it has to support non-generic hypermedia document types, i.e. document types enriched with application-specific semantics. It has to provide hypermedia-document access methods. Finally, it has to allow the exchange of hypermedia documents with other systems. On a technical level, an object-oriented database-management system, on a logical level, a well established ISO standard, namely HyTime, is used to satisfy the requirements mentioned above. By means of the example of documents incorporating hypertext structures we discuss the impact of taking such an approach on representation and processing within the database system.
Neurorestoration after traumatic brain injury through angiotensin II receptor blockage (2015)

See Moon (doi:10.1093/awv239) for a scientific commentary on this article.Traumatic brain injury frequently leads to long-term cognitive problems and physical disability yet remains without effective therapeutics. Traumatic brain injury results in neuronal injury and death, acute and prolonged inflammation and decreased blood flow. Drugs that block angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R, encoded by AGTR1) (ARBs or sartans) are strongly neuroprotective, neurorestorative and anti-inflammatory. To test whether these drugs may be effective in treating traumatic brain injury, we selected two sartans, candesartan and telmisartan, of proven therapeutic efficacy in animal models of brain inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders and stroke. Using a validated mouse model of controlled cortical impact injury, we determined effective doses for candesartan and telmisartan, their therapeutic window, mechanisms of action and effect on cognition and motor performance. Both candesartan and telmisartan ameliorated controlled cortical impact-induced injury with a therapeutic window up to 6 h at doses that did not affect blood pressure. Both drugs decreased lesion volume, neuronal injury and apoptosis, astrogliosis, microglial activation, pro-inflammatory signalling, and protected cerebral blood flow, when determined 1 to 3 days post-injury. Controlled cortical impact-induced cognitive impairment was ameliorated 30 days after injury only by candesartan. The neurorestorative effects of candesartan and telmisartan were reduced by concomitant administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ, encoded by PPARG) antagonist T0070907, showing the importance of PPARγ activation for the neurorestorative effect of these sartans. AT1R knockout mice were less vulnerable to controlled cortical impact-induced injury suggesting that the sartan's blockade of the AT1R also contributes to their efficacy. This study strongly suggests that sartans with dual AT1R blocking and PPARγ activating properties have therapeutic potential for traumatic brain injury.
Sequence of the complete cDNA and the 5′ structure of the human sucrase-isomaltase gene. Possible homology with a yeast glucoamylase (1992)

The complete sequence of the 6 kb cDNA and the 5' genomic structure are reported for the gene coding for the human intestinal brush border hydrolase sucrase-isomaltase. The human sucrase-isomaltase cDNA shows a high level of identity (83%) with that of the rabbit enzyme, indicating that the protein shares the same structural domains in both species. In addition to the previously reported homology with lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, the sucrase and isomaltase subunits also appear to be homologous to a yeast glucoamylase. A 14 kb human genomic clone has been isolated which includes the first three exons and the first two introns of the gene, as well as 9.5 kb 5' to the major start site of transcription. The first exon comprises 62 bp of untranslated sequence and the second starts exactly at the initiation ATG codon. Typical CAAT and TATA boxes are seen upstream of the first exon. A genetic polymorphism is described which involves a PstI site in the second intron. Southern blotting, sequencing and mRNA studies indicate that the structures of the sucrase-isomaltase gene and its mRNA are unaltered in the two human colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 in comparison with normal human small intestine.
Increased expression of diazepam binding inhibitor in human brain tumors. (1995)

Benzodiazepines, which are in extensive clinical use, can regulate neoplastic growth via benzodiazepine receptors. We have studied the expression of the diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) polypeptide, a putative endogenous ligand for benzodiazepine receptors in normal and pathological human brain. In normal brain, DBI immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA were detected in all brain areas, with the highest levels in the cerebellum, amygdala, and hippocampus. In light and electron microscope immunohistochemistry, DBI-IR was only detected in glial and ependymal cells. In brain tumors, such as astrocytomas, glioblastomas and medulloblastomas, a much higher content of DBI-IR and -mRNA was found in normal tissues. The highest level of DBI expression was found in the most anaplastic tumors. DBI-IR was virtually undetectable in meningiomas and pituitary adenomas. The high expression of DBI in brain tumors might play a role in the neoplastic growth of glial cells via the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor, or it may be involved in the regulation of the high energy consumption of these tumors via acyl-CoA metabolism.
Optimization of the CO2 Liquefaction Process-Performance Study with Varying Ambient Temperature (2019)

In carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) projects, the transportation of CO2 by ship can be an attractive alternative to transportation using a pipeline, particularly when the distance between the source and usage or storage location is large. However, a challenge associated with this approach is that the energy consumption of the liquefaction process can be significant, which makes the selection of an energy-efficient design an important factor in the minimization of operating costs. Since the liquefaction process operates at low temperature, its energy consumption varies with ambient temperature, which influences the trade-off point between different liquefaction process designs. A consistent set of data showing the relationship between energy consumption and cooling temperature is therefore useful in the CCUS system modelling. This study addresses this issue by modelling the performance of a variety of CO2 liquefaction processes across a range of ambient temperatures applying a methodical approach for the optimization of process operating parameters. The findings comprise a set of data for the minimum energy consumption cases. The main conclusions of this study are that an open-cycle CO2 process will offer lowest energy consumption below 20 °C cooling temperature and that over the cooling temperature range 15 to 50 °C, the minimum energy consumption for all liquefaction process rises by around 40%.
<i>RSF1</i>, an Arabidopsis Locus Implicated in Phytochrome A Signaling (2000)

In Arabidopsis, phytochrome A (phyA) is the major photoreceptor both for high irradiance responses to far-red light and broad spectrum very low fluence responses, but little is known of its signaling pathway(s). rsf1 was isolated as a recessive mutant with reduced sensitivity to far-red inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. At the seedling stage rsf1 mutants are affected, to various degrees, in all described phyA-mediated responses. However, in adult rsf1 plants, the photoperiodic flowering response is normal. The rsf1 mutant has wild-type levels of phyA suggesting that RSF1 is required for phyA signaling rather than phyA stability or biosynthesis. RSF1 thus appears to be a major phyA signaling component in seedlings, but not in adult, Arabidopsis plants.
Preparation of Water for Injection Into Oil Reservoirs (1955)

Introduction The most important item in the injection of water into oil reservoirs is the water supply itself. Not only is a certain source of supply essential, but the quality of the water is also of great importance. Nature rarely provides chemically pure or bacteria free water in any substantial quantities. Water, whatever its source, ordinarily contains a variety of impurities which may be inorganic, organic, or both. Even though these impurities may be present in very minute quantities, their existence must be recognized in almost every water injection system. However, the taste, the odor, or the toxicity of the water, important items where water is to be used for human consumption, are relatively unimportant in oil field use. The two principal problems connected with the use of water to improve oil recovery are possible reaction with the reservoir and its contents, and whether the water will cause destruction of surface and subsurface equipment by corrosion. In the early days of secondary waterflooding operations in the Bradford and Allegany fields, little attention was given to the preparation of water, for an ample supply of fresh water of good quality was available from shallow aquifers and from surface streams. In the Southwest and particularly in Texas no such fortuitous conditions exist. In most parts of Texas, suffering as they have from recurring and progressively ruinous years of drought, the oil industry will have little call on the limited supplies of fresh water, and therefore must resort to water resources of inferior quality. In almost every case such waters will require some form of treatment before they will be suitable for injection into oil reservoirs. Consequently, the importance of proper conditioning of water to be used for such purpose is now rather generally accepted. The quantity of water that will be required for complete secondary recovery and pressure maintenance operations in the oil fields of Texas can be estimated in amounts of almost astronomical proportions. Studies recently completed by the Texas Petroleum Research Committee indicate some 10.5 billion bbl of oil that is physically recoverable by injection of water into the reservoirs. It is roughly estimated that approximately 15 billion bbl of water will be required for this purpose. The water that will be available for these operations will have to come largely from subsurface salt water-bearing formations and probably to some extent from the open sea.
Effects of beta-mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on laying hen performance (1999)

Recently, a patented enzyme product (beta-Mannanase, Hemicell) has been shown to improve feed conversion in corn-soybean diets fed to broilers and swine. The mechanism of beta-Mannanase is to degrade beta-mannan, which is an antinutritional factor existing in many legumes, including soybean and canola meals. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not performance can be improved by including beta-Mannanase in diets of commercial laying hens, 18 through 66 wk of age. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. There were two energy sequences of 2,926-2,907-2,885 and 2,827-2,808-2,786 kcal ME/kg, which changed at 33 and 43 wk of age respectively; two dietary enzyme levels (0 and 110 units/g); and two Hy-Line strains (W36 and W77). Hen-day production, hen-housed production, BW, feed intake, mortality, egg weight, and specific gravity data were collected biweekly. Data were analyzed in four cycles (each with six 2-wk periods) and also for the whole experiment. beta-Mannanase increased egg weight from 51.4 to 51.7 g/egg (P < 0.05) in the first 12-wk cycle. This effect was consistent across energy levels. beta-Mannanase significantly improved hen-day and hen-housed production after the first cycle. Hen-day production of the beta-Mannanase group was 0.70, 1.07, and 1.5% greater than the control for cycles two, three, and four, respectively (P < 0.01). After 30 wk of age, average hen-day production of hens fed the low-energy diets with beta-Mannanase was similar or superior to that of hens fed the high-energy diets without the enzyme. The study indicates that beta-Mannanase is capable of increasing egg weight in commercial layers at early stages of production, and increasing egg production, particularly delaying the postpeak decline in productivity.
Case Study: Sleep Apnea Diagnosis in a Man With Type 2 Diabetes Improved Control (2006)

Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common disorders that often coexist. In fact, they are equally prevalent within the U.S. adult population. According to the National Institutes of Health, > 20 million people have OSA and only ∼ 10% have been identified. OSA is a disorder characterized by snoring, partial or complete cessation of breathing during sleep, reductions in blood oxygen levels, severe sleep fragmentation, and excessive day-time sleepiness. It is associated with cardiovascular conditions, causing hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Although the scope of sleep apnea is enormous, sleep apnea continues to be poorly recognized by clinicians.

During sleep apnea, breathing stops (apnea) or gets very shallow (hypopnea). Sometimes the person stops breathing entirely for several seconds, and this can happen hundreds of times a night. A bed partner may hear snoring and then witness gasps followed by a coughing sound, as the person struggles to resume breathing. Both apneas and hypopneas cause sleep arousals; the individual wakes enough to resume breathing but not enough to remember any interruption of sleep. Some arousals simply cause the sleeper to shift into a lighter stage of sleep. In either case, the arousal reduces the quality of sleep.

OSA can affect anyone, including children. However, the population typically associated with the disorder includes overweight adults who snore heavily. Sleep apnea is more common in men, and 50% of type 2 diabetic men also have OSA.

Any practitioner can identify OSA symptoms. Patients are then referred to a sleep specialist, and an overnight polysomnography is conducted in a sleep laboratory or the patient's home. The standard treatment is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The air pressure functions like a splint for the upper airway to prevent apneas from occurring and keep the airway from collapsing. This permits normal breathing to …
Improved horizontal two‐dimensional electrophoresis with hybrid isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension and laying‐on transfer to the second dimension (1985)

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2‐D) maps obtained with horizontal or vertical electrophoretic systems are compared. There are no differences in resolution, spot size and distribution, but significant differences in handling, Horizontal 2‐D electrophoresis, where the equilibrated isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel strip with plastic backing is applied to the surface of the horizontal sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐gel, is extremely simple and easy to perform. Due to the optimal flat‐to‐flat contact of the two gels, no size or edge trimming of the gels, no agarose overlays nor embedding gels are needed. The influence of IEF, performed with carrier ampholytes, Immobilines or immobilized pH gradients (IPG) with carrier ampholytes, on 2‐D maps is demonstrated. More protein has migrated into the IPG gel with carrier ampholytes, displaying an increased number of spots.
Poly(A) site choice rather than splice site choice governs the regulated production of IgM heavy-chain RNAs. (1988)

Alternative processing of the immunoglobulin mu primary transcript results in regulated production of mRNAs encoding the secreted (microseconds) and membrane-bound (micro m) form of IgM heavy chain during B-cell development. To elucidate the basis for this control, we analyzed the expression of altered forms of the mu transcription unit. Deletion of intron sequence between the microseconds and micro m exons, which reduces the distance between the two poly(A) sites as well as the distance between micro m splice sites, enhances production of micro m RNA. Correct expression is restored by insertion of heterologous sequences, demonstrating that spacing is indeed the critical aspect. The altered spacing appears to affect poly(A) site usage rather than splice site usage, since it was the distance between the poly(A) sites rather than the distance between splice sites that was found to be decisive. Finally, removal of either the C mu 4 splice donor or the m1 splice acceptor, thus eliminating normal micro m splicing, does not increase usage of the microseconds poly(A) site. We therefore conclude that the major factor in determining the ratio of microseconds to micro m is a poly(A) site choice rather than a splicing choice.
Pathogenesis of dengue: an alternative hypothesis. (1990)

This paper presents a novel but entirely hypothetical concept on the pathogenesis of the shock syndrome (DSS) associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is widely thought to be central to the development of these clinical entities. Current views on the mechanisms underlying ADE centre on two major lines of thought: 1) Non-neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus (DV) can enhance viral uptake and replication in target cells (monocytes). 2) DHF/DSS are the consequences of enhanced viral replication, paired with immunopathological processes that are evoked by monocyte dysfunction and detrimental reactions caused by activated T-lymphocytes. The present hypothesis proposes, by contrast, a central role for the following processes: 1) Secondary infection of an individual who has sub or non-neutralizing antibody titers against DV leads to a booster antibody response and a steep rise in antibody levels. 2) Antibodies against DV bind to and direct a selective attack of the complement system onto cells expressing viral antigens on their surface. DHF/DSS are the direct and indirect consequences of complement activation on these cells. The advanced hypothesis, which departs from the mainstream of "immune enhancement" concepts, can easily be tested by experimentation.
Construction of a starch-utilizing yeast by cell surface engineering (1997)

We have engineered the cell surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by anchoring active glucoamylase protein on the cell wall, and we have endowed the yeast cells with the ability to utilize starch directly as the sole carbon source. The gene encoding Rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase with its secretion signal peptide was fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C terminus) of yeast alpha-agglutinin, a protein involved in mating and covalently anchored to the cell wall. The constructed plasmid containing this fusion gene was introduced into S. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from S. cerevisiae. The glucoamylase activity as not detected in the culture medium, but it was detected in the cell pellet fraction. The glucoamylase protein transferred to the soluble fraction from the cell wall fraction after glucanase treatment but not after sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment, indicating the covalent binding of the fusion protein to the cell wall. Display of the fused protein was further confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. The transformant cells could surely grow on starch as the sole carbon source. These results showed that the glucoamylase was anchored on the cell wall and displayed as its active form. This is the first example of an application of cell surface engineering to utilize and improve the metabolic ability of cells.
Producing a unified graph representation from multiple social network views (2013)

In many social networks, several different link relations will exist between the same set of users. Additionally, attribute or textual information will be associated with those users, such as demographic details or user-generated content. For many data analysis tasks, such as community finding and data visualisation, the provision of multiple heterogeneous types of user data makes the analysis process more complex. We propose an unsupervised method for integrating multiple data views to produce a single unified graph representation, based on the combination of the k-nearest neighbour sets for users derived from each view. These views can be either relation-based or feature-based. The proposed method is evaluated on a number of annotated multi-view Twitter datasets, where it is shown to support the discovery of the underlying community structure in the data.
Extreme pulse-front tilt from an etalon (2010)

Angular dispersion—whether from prisms, diffraction gratings, or etalons—is well known to result in a pulse-front tilt. Focusing into a tilted etalon, in particular, generates a huge angular dispersion, which is very useful for high-resolution spectrometers and pulse shapers. Here we demonstrate experimentally that, due to the large angular dispersion (∼3°/nm), the pulse directly out of an etalon can have a huge pulse-front tilt—89.9°—which can cause one side of a few-millimeter-wide beam to lead the other by 1 m, that is, several nanoseconds. We propagated a 700 ps near-transform-limited pulse through the etalon and measured the resulting spatiotemporal field, confirming this result. To make this measurement, we used a high-spectral-resolution version of crossed-beam spectral interferometry, which used a high-resolution etalon spectrometer. We also performed simulations, which we found to be in good agreement with our measurements.
Advanced Site Configuration Techniques for Automatic UMTS Radio Network Design (2005)

This paper focuses on the optimization of the three most important site configuration parameters in UMTS radio network design: antenna tilt, azimuth angle, and pilot/common channel power. Two optimization techniques are presented. Firstly, a very fast and powerful optimization technique based on a pathloss analysis of the network and the application of heuristics is presented. This method allows for a complete optimization within few minutes even for very large networks of several thousand sites. For fine tuning and a more accurate traffic and load distribution in a second stage a local search optimization is carried out. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to "real world'* applications. Example results are presented.