gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatosensory input and thalamic projection of pedunculopontine tegmental neurons (1992)

The cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental area of the anesthetized rat was explored for single units responsive to somatosensory stimulation. Units projecting to the intralaminar thalamus were identified by antidromic stimulation. Approximately one half of the somatosensory units consisted of low threshold units responsive to light tapping and stroking; the others were high threshold mechanoreceptive units. Most receptive fields were trigeminal and contralateral. These results suggest that somatosensory information is an important element in a subcortical system linking this area with the basal ganglia, superior colliculus and thalamus.
LA CONTABILIDAD COMO BASE PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL IMPUESTO SOBRE LA RENTA EN VENEZUELA (2014)

Accounting as a financial reporting technique records and processes the businessoperations of an economic entity, it’s closely related and has a significant importance inmodern tax systems; these are based on demonstrations of wealth, the main foundationfor the application of taxes, depending the principle of ability to pay. From the legal point ofview, Accounting has been presented as a legal requirement for companies during theexecution of operations in the country, as stated in Article 33 of the VenezuelanCommercial Code (Congress of the Republic, 1955) which reflects that all merchants mustbear in Castilian accounting ledgers, in order to have the greatest order and clarity of alloperations performed. In addition, the Law on Income Tax (National Assembly of theBolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 2007) mentions in his article 90 about the obligation oftaxpayers to bring in an orderly and adjusted to accounting principles generally acceptedin Venezuela's books and records, in order to constitute integrated media control andverification of all property, assets and liabilities related to the statements made. Based onthese considerations, a descriptive, applied and literature research was made, presentingas general objective analyze Accounting as a basis for determining the income tax inVenezuela. Concluding that the financial statements should present all financialinformation captured during the accounting cycle in compliance with the principles set forthin the respective accounting standards to ensure consistency of information, forming thebasis for the determination of taxes since typify the economic bottom. Finally, the researchpresents a contribution to the scientific community, highlighting the importance of properclassification of items to ensure consistency in the information economy.
Bridging Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine from Children/Adolescents to Adults in Highly Endemic Countries Based on Neutralizing Antibody Response (2019)

The CYD-TDV vaccine is licensed in multiple endemic countries based on vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue demonstrated in two phase 3 trials (CYD14, 2- to 14-year-olds, Asia; CYD15, 9- to 16-year-olds, Latin America). 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT<sub>50</sub>) titers at baseline and month 13 (post-vaccination) were associated with VE and may enable bridging VE to adults. Two phase 2 trials of CYD-TDV measured baseline and month 13 PRNT<sub>50</sub> titers: CYD22 (9- to 45-year-olds, Vietnam) and CYD47 (18- to 45-year-olds, India). 50% plaque reduction neutralization test distributions were compared between age cohorts, and four versions of an epidemiological bridging method were used to estimate VE against any serotype (dengue virus [DENV]-Any) and against each serotype over 25 months post first vaccination in a hypothetical CYD14 + CYD15 18- to 45-year-old cohort (bridging population 1) and in the actual CYD47 18- to 45-year-old cohort (bridging population 2). Baseline and month 13 geometric mean PRNT<sub>50</sub> titers to each serotype were significantly greater in 18- to 45-year-olds than 9- to 16-year-olds for all comparisons. The four methods estimated VE against DENV-Any at 75.3-86.0% (95% CIs spanning 52.5-100%) for bridging population 1 and 68.4-77.5% (95% CIs spanning 42.3-88.5%) for bridging population 2. The vaccine efficacy against serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 was estimated at 56.9-76.9%, 68.3-85.8%, 91.4-95.0%, and 93.2-100% (bridging population 1) and 44.5-66.9%, 53.2-69.2%, 79.8-92.0%, and 90.6-95.0% (bridging population 2), respectively; thus, CYD-TDV would likely confer improved efficacy in adults than 9- to 16-year-olds. Using the same methods, we predicted VE against hospitalized DENV-Any over 72 months of follow-up, with estimates 59.1-73.5% (95% CIs spanning 40.9-92.2%) for bridging population 1 and 50.9-65.9% (95% CIs spanning 38.1-82.1%) for bridging population 2.
Detección de anticuerpos contra la enfermedad de aujeszky (pseudorrabia) en cerdos de los estados de Campeche, Yucatán y Quintana roo (1991)

Durante 1979 se reporto en el estado de Quintana Roo un ingreso de 25,000 cerdos en pie, y en 1980 en el estado de Yucatan se introdujeron 4,500 ton de carne en pie para satisfacer la demanda existente lo que pudo favorecer la diseminacion de la enfermeda
A battery state-of-charge indicator for electric wheelchairs (1992)

Deep-discharge-type lead-acid batteries used in most electric wheelchairs require acurrate battery state-of-charge indication to prevent stranding and to provide economical operation of the wheelchair. A monitoring technique combining the open-circuit voltage and the coulometric measurements had been previously implemented on a microcomputer-based circuit. This adaptive monitoring technique enables the monitor to adjust to different battery sizes as well as the aging process. Several improvements are reported. A technique has been developed to enhance the acurracy and reduce the required rest period of the open-circuit voltage measurement. The open-circuit voltage recovery curve is approximated by two asymptotes on a semilog scale. The open-circuit voltage is then extrapolated from the slope of the first asymptote before it fully stabilizes. The accuracy of the monitor has been verified in field tests, and comparison with a commercial battery monitor shows it to be superior in several respects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Drug/Dye-Loaded, Multifunctional PEG–Chitosan–Iron Oxide Nanocomposites for Methotraxate Synergistically Self-Targeted Cancer Therapy and Dual Model Imaging (2015)

Multifunctional nanocomposites hold great potential to integrate therapeutic and diagnostic functions into a single nanoscale structure. In this paper, we prepared the MTX-PEG-CS-IONPs-Cy5.5 nanocomposites by functionalizing the surface of chitosan-decorated iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-IONPs) with polyethylene glycolated methotraxate (MTX-PEG) and near-infrared fluorescent cyanin dye (Cy5.5). A clinically useful PEGylated anticancer prodrug, MTX-PEG, was also developed as a tumor cell-specific targeting ligand for self-targeted cancer treatment. In such nanocomposites, the advantage was that the orthogonally functionalized, self-targeted MTX-PEG-CS-IONPs-Cy5.5 can synergistically combine an early phase selective tumor-targeting efficacy with a late-phase cancer-killing effect, which was also confirmed by dual model (magnetic resonance and fluorescence) imaging. Furthermore, with the aids of the folate (FA) receptor-mediated endocytosis (able to turn cellular uptake "off" in normal cells and "on" in cancer cells) and pH/intracellular protease-mediated hydrolyzing peptide bonds (able to turn drug release "off" in systemic circulation and "on" inside endo/lysosomes), the MTX-PEG-CS-IONPs-Cy5.5 could deliver MTX to FA receptors-overexpressed cancer cells, showing the improved anticancer activity with the reduced side effects. Together, the MTX-PEG-CS-IONPs-Cy5.5 could act as a highly convergent, flexible, and simplified system for dual model imaging and synergistically self-targeted cancer therapy, holding great promise for versatile biomedical applications in future.
Clinical Aspects of Photodynamic Therapy (2002)

Photodynamic therapy is a method for local destruction of tissue or organisms by generating toxic oxygen and other reactive species using light absorbed by an administered or an endogenously generated photosensitiser. It is a highly promising treatment for patients with cancer. More recently it has found increasing use as a method of therapy for non-cancerous illnesses. It depends on the exploitation of natural and vital reactions widespread in nature that have driven and preserved life on this planet. Following administration of a photosensitiser or its precursor there is an accumulation or retention in areas of cancer and disease relative to adjacent normal tissue. The photosensitiser is inactive until irradiated by light, following which cellular destruction occurs. The clear attraction of this method is the possibility of some targeting of the disease by drug and by the area irradiated. This explanation although oversimplified has been the reason for the scientific and clinical interest in photodynamic therapy. An understanding of evolutionary photobiology is enormously helpful to understand disease response and clinical outcomes.
Assessment on CO<sub>2</sub> Utilization through Rigorous Simulation: Converting CO<sub>2</sub> to Dimethyl Carbonate (2017)

This paper intends to discuss the economical performances and CO2 reduction potential of two CO2-based dimethyl carbonate (DMC) production processes through rigorous process simulation. One of them is the direct production process with addition of butylene oxide (BO) as dehydrating agent (DIR-BO porocess), while the other is the indirect production process through ethylene carbonate (EC) as an intermediate (IND-EC process). Both processes are systematically optimized and heat-integrated. From economical evaluation, the IND-EC process exhibits economical attractiveness, while the DIR-BO process does not. We suggest that once the reaction rate of the DIR-BO process can be improved, the overall economic performance of the direct process can be much better. From the aspect of CO2 reduction, the net CO2 emissions throughout both processes are calculated. We found that DIR-EO process is largely carbon positive, with CO2 emission of 2.242 (kg CO2/kg DMC), yet for the IND-EC process, it is near carbon neutral, with CO2 emission of 0.049 (kg CO2/kg DMC). Thus, from the aspect of achieving CO2 reduction, converting it into DMC provides limited benefits.
Improving idle handoff in CDMA mobile systems (1998)

In this letter, we have developed an efficient idle handoff technique, starting from field-test results obtained with the method used in present CDMA mobile phones, where the handoff is performed when a new pilot rises over the current one by a predefined constant. Unlike the conventional method, the proposed method decides the handoff based on a variable threshold, the value of which is automatically determined depending on the pilot strength received from the home base. It is shown that the proposed method reduces unnecessary idle handoffs and keeps the mobile tracking the pilot received with sufficient strength.
Zebrafish TRPA1 Channels Are Required for Chemosensation But Not for Thermosensation or Mechanosensory Hair Cell Function (2008)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have been implicated in detecting chemical, thermal, and mechanical stimuli in organisms ranging from mammals to Caenorhabditis elegans. It is well established that TRPA1 detects and mediates behavioral responses to chemical irritants. However, the role of TRPA1 in detecting thermal and mechanical stimuli is controversial. To further clarify the functions of TRPA1 channels in vertebrates, we analyzed their roles in zebrafish. The two zebrafish TRPA1 paralogs are expressed in sensory neurons and are activated by several chemical irritants in vitro. High-throughput behavioral analyses of trpa1a and trpa1b mutant larvae indicate that TRPA1b is necessary for behavioral responses to these chemical irritants. However, TRPA1 paralogs are not required for behavioral responses to temperature changes or for mechanosensory hair cell function in the inner ear or lateral line. These results support a role for zebrafish TRPA1 in chemical but not thermal or mechanical sensing, and establish a high-throughput system to identify genes and small molecules that modulate chemosensation, thermosensation, and mechanosensation.
Eliciting properties of probability distributions (2008)

We investigate the problem of incentivizing an expert to truthfully reveal probabilistic information about a random event. Probabilistic information consists of one or more properties, which are any real-valued functions of the distribution, such as the mean and variance. Not all properties can be elicited truthfully. We provide a simple characterization of elicitable properties, and describe the general form of the associated payment functions that induce truthful revelation. We then consider sets of properties, and observe that all properties can be inferred from sets of elicitable properties. This suggests the concept of elicitation complexity for a property, the size of the smallest set implying the property.
The Impending Loss of Talent: An Exploratory Study Challenging Assumptions about Testing and Merit (2005)

Using five different data sets, this study explores the bidirectional relationship between standardized tests and various indicators of success. Examining student success on a variety of indicators such as cumulative grade point average and graduation rates, the study demonstrates the limited usefulness of such tests, particularly when the data are disaggregated by gender or race and ethnicity. Overall, if tests are overemphasized in the admissions context, they can contribute to a significant loss of talent.
Polybenzimidazole and polysulfone blends (1993)

Abstract Polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polysulfone (PS) do not form miscible blends; however, the tensile modulus and strength of their blend fibers are comparable to, or better than, that of PBI fibers, depending on process conditions. Fibers spun from an 80/20 PBI/PS solution blend have PBI‐like LOI (limiting oxygen indices) and flame shrinkage behavior. Sulfonation and stabilization of this fiber improve its thermal properties. The process window for these blend fibers has been determined. There was no aging phenomenon on as‐spun PBI/PS blend fibers, while as‐spun fibers made from PBI/polyarylate (PA) and PBI/high modulus aramides (HMA) exhibited remarkable aging effects on fiber properties. This difference probably arises from the fact that (1) the former is not a miscible blend, while the latter are; and (2) the former does not have hydrolysis groups, such as ester and amide groups, as that in the PA and HMA systems.
The Mechanism of Water Oxidation: From Electrolysis via Homogeneous to Biological Catalysis (2010)

Abstract Striving for new solar fuels, the water oxidation reaction currently is considered to be a bottleneck, hampering progress in the development of applicable technologies for the conversion of light into storable fuels. This review compares and unifies viewpoints on water oxidation from various fields of catalysis research. The first part deals with the thermodynamic efficiency and mechanisms of electrochemical water splitting by metal oxides on electrode surfaces, explaining the recent concept of the potential‐determining step. Subsequently, novel cobalt oxide‐based catalysts for heterogeneous (electro)catalysis are discussed. These may share structural and functional properties with surface oxides, multinuclear molecular catalysts and the catalytic manganese–calcium complex of photosynthetic water oxidation. Recent developments in homogeneous water‐oxidation catalysis are outlined with a focus on the discovery of mononuclear ruthenium (and non‐ruthenium) complexes that efficiently mediate O 2 evolution from water. Water oxidation in photosynthesis is the subject of a concise presentation of structure and function of the natural paragon—the manganese–calcium complex in photosystem II—for which ideas concerning redox‐potential leveling, proton removal, and OO bond formation mechanisms are discussed. The last part highlights common themes and unifying concepts.
Efficacy and toxicity of a CD22-targeted antibody-saporin conjugate in a xenograft model of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2012)

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) can deliver potent drugs to cancer cells by employing the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). ADCs have demonstrated significant anticancer activity and, in 2011, brentuximab vedotin has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of Hodgkin's and anaplastic large cell lymphomas. CD22 is an ideal target for ADC against B-cell malignancies because of its lineage-specific expression and rapid internalization upon antibody binding. In this study, we evaluated the anti-CD22 mAb HB22.7 as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of the potent toxin saporin (SAP). In vitro, HB22.7-SAP was cytotoxic against a panel of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines representing the most common types of the disease. Moreover, in a xenograft model of NHL, HB22.7-SAP significantly inhibited the growth of established lesions and completely prevented tumor development when treatment was initiated within 24 h from tumor-cell inoculation. HB22.7-SAP had no significant in vivo toxicity. In conclusion, HB22.7 constitutes a potential platform for CD22-targeted ADCs.
Optimizing Workflow Data Footprint (2007)

In this paper we examine the issue of optimizing disk usage and scheduling large‐scale scientific workflows onto distributed resources where the workflows are data‐intensive, requiring large amounts of data storage, and the resources have limited storage resources. Our approach is two‐fold: we minimize the amount of space a workflow requires during execution by removing data files at runtime when they are no longer needed and we demonstrate that workflows may have to be restructured to reduce the overall data footprint of the workflow. We show the results of our data management and workflow restructuring solutions using a Laser Interferometer Gravitational‐Wave Observatory (LIGO) application and an astronomy application, Montage, running on a large‐scale production grid‐the Open Science Grid. We show that although reducing the data footprint of Montage by 48% can be achieved with dynamic data cleanup techniques, LIGO Scientific Collaboration workflows require additional restructuring to achieve a 56% reduction in data space usage. We also examine the cost of the workflow restructuring in terms of the application′s runtime.
Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Serine Protease from an Alkalophilic<i>Streptomyces</i>sp. (1994)

SAP, an extracellular alkaline serine protease produced by Streptomyces sp. YSA-130, was purified to homogeneity by CM-Sephadex column chromatography and crystallization. The enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 19,000 as estimated by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence of SAP were similar to those of other bacterial serine proteases, i.e., Streptomyces griseus proteases A and B, Lysobacter enzymogenes alpha-lytic protease and Nocardiopsis dassonvillei subsp. prasina OPC-210 alkaline serine protease NDP-I. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 60 degrees C and 11.5. The enzyme was stable up 50 degrees C, and between pHs 4 and 12. The activity was inhibited by Ag+, Hg2+, Co2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate. N-bromosuccinimide, diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP), 2,3-butanedione, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), iodoacetate, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and phenylglyoxal.
From Videos to Verbs: Mining Videos for Activities using a Cascade of Dynamical Systems (2007)

Clustering video sequences in order to infer and extract activities from a single video stream is an extremely important problem and has significant potential in video indexing, surveillance, activity discovery and event recognition. Clustering a video sequence into activities requires one to simultaneously recognize activity boundaries (activity consistent subsequences) and cluster these activity subsequences. In order to do this, we build a generative model for activities (in video) using a cascade of dynamical systems and show that this model is able to capture and represent a diverse class of activities. We then derive algorithms to learn the model parameters from a video stream and also show how a single video sequence may be clustered into different clusters where each cluster represents an activity. We also propose a novel technique to build affine, view, rate invariance of the activity into the distance metric for clustering. Experiments show that the clusters found by the algorithm correspond to semantically meaningful activities.
Immune Modulation by Androgen Deprivation and Radiation Therapy: Implications for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy (2017)

Prostate cancer patients often receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with radiation therapy (RT). Recent evidence suggests that both ADT and RT have immune modulatory properties. First, ADT can cause inﬁltration of lymphocytes into the prostate, although it remains unclear whether the inﬂux of lymphocytes is beneﬁcial, particularly with the advent of new classes of androgen blockers. Second, in rare cases, radiation can elicit immune responses that mediate regression of metastatic lesions lying outside the ﬁeld of radiation, a phenomenon known as the abscopal response. In light of these ﬁndings, there is emerging interest in exploiting any potential synergy between ADT, RT, and immunotherapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the rationale behind combining immunotherapy with ADT and RT for the treatment of prostate cancer, including an examination of the current clinical trials that employ this combination. The reported outcomes of several trials demonstrate the promise of this combination strategy; however, further scrutiny is needed to elucidate how these standard therapies interact with immune modulators. In addition, we discuss the importance of synchronizing immune modulation relative to ADT and RT, and provide insight into elements that may impact the ability to achieve maximum synergy between these treatments.
Dynamical assessment of physiological systems and states using recurrence plot strategies (1994)

Physiological systems are best characterized as complex dynamical processes that are continuously subjected to and updated by nonlinear feedforward and feedback inputs. System outputs usually exhibit wide varieties of behaviors due to dynamical interactions between system components, external noise perturbations, and physiological state changes. Complicated interactions occur at a variety of hierarchial levels and involve a number of interacting variables, many of which are unavailable for experimental measurement. In this paper we illustrate how recurrence plots can take single physiological measurements, project them into multidimensional space by embedding procedures, and identify time correlations (recurrences) that are not apparent in the one-dimensional time series. We extend the original description of recurrence plots by computing an array of specific recurrence variables that quantify the deterministic structure and complexity of the plot. We then demonstrate how physiological states can be assessed by making repeated recurrence plot calculations within a window sliding down any physiological dynamic. Unlike other predominant time series techniques, recurrence plot analyses are not limited by data stationarity and size constraints. Pertinent physiological examples from respiratory and skeletal motor systems illustrate the utility of recurrence plots in the diagnosis of nonlinear systems. The methodology is fully applicable to any rhythmical system, whether it be mechanical, electrical, neural, hormonal, chemical, or even spacial.