gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The detection and determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by luminescence spectrometry utilising the Shpol'skii effect at 77 K (1974)

The luminescence emission spectra of twenty-three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been examined in n-alkane solvents at 77 K. The Shpol'skii effect, in which narrow-band (quasi-linear) emission spectra are obtained under these conditions when a monochromator of adequate resolving power is used, is shown to be readily observed for twelve of the compounds examined in these solvents. Quasi-linear emission spectra have also been obtained in tetrahydrofuran for some of the PAH compounds examined. These emission spectra provide for unambiguous qualitative identification of PAH compounds at trace concentrations in solution; this effect is demonstrated by identification of the compounds present in an eight-component mixture of PAH compounds.Measurement of the low-temperature quasi-linear luminescence intensity can be applied quantitatively to the determination of these compounds provided that a standard additions procedure is employed in conjunction with the use of an internal standard to ensure sufficient accuracy and precision.
The effect of hypoxia in development (2007)

There is increasing evidence that the oxygen supply to the human embryo in the first trimester is tightly controlled, suggesting that too much oxygen may interfere with development. The use of hypoxia probes in mammalian embryos during the organogenic period indicates that the embryo is normally in a state of partial hypoxia, and this may be essential to control cardiovascular development, perhaps under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). A consequence of this state of partial hypoxia is that disturbances in the oxygen supply can more easily lead to a damaging degree of hypoxia. Experimental mammalian embryos show a surprising degree of resilience to hypoxia, with many organogenic stage embryos able to survive 30-60 min of anoxia. However, in some embryos this degree of hypoxia causes abnormal development, particularly transverse limb reduction defects. These abnormalities are preceded by hemorrhage/edema and tissue necrosis. Other parts of the embryo are also susceptible to this hypoxia-induced damage and include the genital tubercle, the developing nose, the tail, and the central nervous system. Other frequently observed defects in animal models of prenatal hypoxia include cleft lip, maxillary hypoplasia, and heart defects. Animal studies indicate that hypoxic episodes in the first trimester of human pregnancy could occur by temporary constriction of the uterine arteries. This could be a consequence of exposure to cocaine, misoprostol, or severe shock, and there is evidence that these exposures have resulted in hypoxia-related malformations in the human. Exposure to drugs that block the potassium current (IKr) can cause severe slowing and arrhythmia of the mammalian embryonic heart and consequently hypoxia in the embryo. These drugs are highly teratogenic in experimental animals. There is evidence that drugs with IKr blockade as a side effect, for example phenytoin, may cause birth defects in the human by causing periods of embryonic hypoxia. The strongest evidence of hypoxia causing birth defects in the human comes from studies of fetuses lacking hemoglobin (Hb) F. These fetuses are thought to be hypoxic from about the middle of the first trimester and show a range of birth defects, particularly transverse limb reduction defects.
Differential Dynamic Modulus of Carbon Black Filled, Uncured SBR in Single-Step Large Shearing Deformations (2007)

Correspondence between nonlinear viscoelastic properties and change in various networks in carbon black (CB) filled, uncured SBRs has been studied by using combined measurements of relaxation modulus, differential dynamic modulus, and volume resisitivity in wide range of filler concentrations at various shear strains. Volume resistivity at no deformation showed step-off like change which can be explained by the percolation theory. This indicates formation of contact filler network at high filler loading. In addition, change in volume resistivity showed clear correspondence with linear-nonlinear transition in viscoelasticity. By the use of simple three-network model, contributions of contact filler, bridged filler, and entanglement networks to relaxation modulus were estimated. It was found that contact filler and bridged filler networks were dominant at lower and at higher filler concentrations, respectively. It was proposed, furthermore, that differential dynamic modulus can be used as the probes for changes in contact filler and bridged filler networks, respectively.
Zn-Mediated, Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in Water at Room Temperature <i>Without</i> Prior Formation of Organozinc Reagents (2009)

Mix in water, stir. That is all that is required in this new approach to sp(3)-sp(2) cross-couplings between an alkyl iodide and an aryl bromide, both potentially bearing functionality. They react under catalysis by Pd(0) in the presence of zinc powder, aided by a nonionic amphiphile, to give the alkylated aromatic. No organic solvents and no heating; just add water.
Continue to Explore: In Memory of Louise Rosenblatt (2006)

Professor Rosenblatt's pioneering scholarship not only changed the conversation within the field of literary theory, but also has had a profound influence on the teaching of reading and English literature in classrooms nationwide over the past four decades.Rosenblatt's transactional theory of reading, grounded philosophically in the pathbreaking works of William James and
IPv6 Testing Address Allocation (1996)

This document specifies an Experimental protocol for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Microfabrication of conductive PDMS on flexible substrates for biomedical applications (2009)

In this paper, we present microfabrication of a novel photopatternable conductive PDMS material with silver powder as conductive filler and benzophenone as photosensitive component, employing standard photolithography approach. An array of miniaturized capacitive pressure sensors is micromachined onto flexible polymeric transparency using this approach. Highest conductivity of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Sldrm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and minimal feature resolution of 60 mum have been successfully achieved. In addition, a thermal compression step can mold the microfabricated device into a desired shape (e.g., contact lens). The unique combination of physical properties from both silver filler and PDMS matrix along with photopatternability makes the conductive PDMS composite an excellent material for biological and clinical sensing applications.
A physiological role for amyloid-beta protein:enhancement of learning and memory. (2010)

Amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) is well recognized as having a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reason for the presence of Abeta and its physiological role in non-disease states is not clear. In these studies, low doses of Abeta enhanced memory retention in two memory tasks and enhanced acetylecholine production in the hippocampus in vivo. We then tested whether endogenous Abeta has a role in learning and memory in young, cognitively intact mice by blocking endogenous Abeta in healthy 2-month-old CD-1 mice. Blocking Abeta with antibody to Abeta or DFFVG (which blocks Abeta binding) or decreasing Abeta expression with antisense directed at the Abeta precursor, AbetaPP, all resulted in impaired learning in T-maze foot-shock avoidance. Finally, Abeta 1-42 facilitated induction and maintenance of long term potentiation in hippocampal slices, whereas antibodies to Abeta inhibited hippocampal LTP. In conclusion, these results indicate that in normal healthy young animals the presence of Abeta is important for learning and memory.
Risks in new drug development: Approval success rates for investigational drugs (2001)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69 , 297–307; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115446
Lasing and amplification in the 0.8 μm region in thulium doped fluorozirconate fibres (1990)

A thulium doped fluorozirconate fibre laser operating continuous-wave at wavelengths around 810 nm when pumped at 780 nm is reported. A slope efficiency of 15% with respect to incident pump power and a maximum output of 125 mW was achieved. This transition has the potential for laser diode pumping and with the output also being in the AlGaAs diode wavelength range there exist interesting possibilities for extending the versatility of such sources.
Power analysis attack of QCA circuits: A case study of the Serpent cipher (2013)

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is an attractive alternative to CMOS for future digital designs. A powerful attack based on power analysis has become a significant threat to the security of CMOS cryptographic circuits. As there is no current flow in QCA, the power consumption of a QCA circuit is extremely low compared to its CMOS counterpart. Therefore, in this paper an investigation is carried out to ascertain if QCA circuits could be immune to power analysis attacks based on a case study of the Serpent cipher. In comparison to a previous design, the proposed QCA implementation of a sub-module of the Serpent cipher is more efficient in terms of complexity, area and latency. By using an upper bound power model, the first power analysis attack of a QCA cryptographic circuit is presented. Simulation results show that even though the power consumption is low, it can still be correlated with the correct key guess, and all possible subkeys applied to the Serpent sub-module can be revealed in a best case scenario for attackers. The security of practical QCA devices is also discussed and could be greatly improved by applying a smoother clock.
31 CONSTRUCTION OF A TARGETING VECTOR SPECIFIC FOR THE BOVINE BETA-CASEIN GENE (2004)

Although using livestock as animal bioreactors is a powerful tool to produce valuable therapeutic proteins in the milk, there are still some limitations to the technology such as a low frequency of transgenesis and a low expression of the transgenes by random integration. In this study, we constructed gene-targeting vectors for a mammary gland-specific gene and then obtained two homologous recombinant cell clones after transfection of the vectors into bovine somatic cells. Two targeting vector cassettes, BCKI I and BCKI II, which have homology regions for a bovine beta-casein gene, were constructed. The beta-casein gene is expressed only in the mammary gland and is the most abundant milk protein in the cow. The targeting sequence lengths of the BCKI I and BCKI II vector cassettes were 13.1 kb and 9.1 kb, respectively, and contained different long arm lengths. A neo gene was inserted into the vectors as a selection marker, and a few restriction enzyme sites were made in front of the neo gene. The human thrombopoietin (TPO) gene was inserted into the restriction enzyme sites of the vector cassettes, named BCTPOKI I and BCTPOKI II vectors. The BCTPOKI I and BCTPOKI II vectors were transfected into bovine embryonic fibroblasts (bEF) and ear skin fibroblasts (bESF) using Lipofectamine™ 2000 reagent (Invitrogen, Seoul, South Korea). In order to determine the highest transfection efficiency, a variety of factors such as DNA concentration, lipid volume, and exposure time to DNA-liposome complexes based on the manufacturers' guideline, was optimized. The 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of DNA (µg) to transfection reagent (µL) were efficient for bEF and bESF, respectively, under overnight exposure to DNA-Lipofectamine™ 2000 reagent. Seventeen percent (51/304) of bESF clones and 6% (9/149) of bEF clones were normally expanded into passage 8. PCR and Southern blotting indicated that 6.3% (2/32) of the clones carrying with BCTPOKI II vectors was homologously targeted at the beta-casein gene. However, none (0/60) of the clones carrying BCTPOKI I was targeted. Additionally, both of the targeted clones were from bESF. When the targeted cells were transferred into enucleated oocytes and cultured, 83% (43/52) of the cloned embryos were transgenic. Thus, we found that homologous recombinant events using gene-targeting vectors might be dependent on cell types, vector sizes, and transfection procedures. In conclusion, mammary gland-specific gene-targeting vectors coupled with somatic cell nuclear transfer technology will be very useful for developing animal bioreactors that produce therapeutic proteins in milk.
Control system for the waterjet cutting Machine (2004)

This paper addresses the field of factory automation within the scope of machine control. It presents the control system for a waterjet cutting machine. It involves a PC based computer numerical control (CNC) controller that has been built on a QNX real-time (RT) operating system platform. Microsoft Windows, which is a commonly accepted graphical user interface environment, serves as a human machine interface (HMI) front-end. The CNC controller and the HMI are interconnected by the Ethernet TCP/IP link. The control system is flexible and modular. It supports CAD/CAM and a network link to the office-level of factory automation. The application is thoroughly presented with the highlight on RT features; the QNX RT operating system is analyzed in detail. Moreover, Ethernet TCP/IP technology for the use in a networked automated factory is also put in the foreground.
Determination of the promoter strength in the mixed transcription system, II. Promoters of ribosomal RNA, ribosomal protein S1 and<i>recA</i>protein operons from<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1983)

Using the in vitro mixed transcription system (Kajitani, M. and Ishihama, A. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 671-686), we determined the two parameters of the promoter strength, i.e., the rate of open complex formation between RNA polymerase and promoter, and the saturation level of the open complex formation at equilibrium, for the promoters of ribosomal RNA (rrnE), ribosomal protein S1 (rpsA) and recA protein (recA) operons from Escherichia coli. Taken together with the previous determinations for lactose (lac(UV5)), tryptophan (trp) and ribosomal protein L10 (rp1J) operons, these studies revealed that the relative promoter strengths with respect to the kinetic parameter are 200, 70, 50, 40, 30, 20 and 2% of the reference promoter lacP(UV5) for recAp, rp1Jp, rpsAp3, trpP, rpsAp1, rrnEp1 and rrnEp2, respectively, under our standard reaction conditions (50 mM NaCl and 37 degrees C); and those with respect to the thermodynamic parameter are 70, 35, 20, 10, 10, 10 and 5% the level of lacP(UV5) for rrnEp2, trpP, rpsAp3, rp1Jp, rpsAp1, rrnEp1 and recAp, respectively. The order of the promoter strength, however, changes with variation of the salt concentration or reaction temperature.
Virtual wires: overcoming pin limitations in FPGA-based logic emulators (2002)

Existing FPGA-based logic emulators only use a fraction of potential communication bandwidth because they dedicate each FPGA pin (physical wire) to a single emulated signal (logical wire). Virtual wires overcome pin limitations by intelligently multiplexing each physical wire among multiple logical wires and pipelining these connections at the maximum clocking frequency of the FPGA. A virtual wire represents a connection from a logical output on one FPGA to a logical input on another FPGA. Virtual wires not only increase usable bandwidth, but also relax the absolute limits imposed on gate utilization. The resulting improvement in bandwidth reduces the need for global interconnect, allowing effective use of low dimension inter-chip connections (such as nearest-neighbor). Nearest-neighbor topologies, coupled with the ability of virtual wires to overlap communication with computation, can even improve emulation speeds. The authors present the concept of virtual wires and describe their first implementation, a 'softwire' compiler which utilizes static routing and relies on minimal hardware support. Results from compiling netlists for the 18 K gate Sparcle microprocessor and the 86 K gate Alewife Communications and Cache Controller indicate that virtual wires can increase FPGA gate utilization beyond 80 percent without a significant slowdown in emulation speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Male-induced puberty acceleration in young female wild mice: hormonal regulation and source of pheromonal cue. (1988)

Experiments were designed to examine the influence of adult males on the rate of sexual maturation in young female wild mice. In one experiment, young females were raised in presence of adult males, adult females and in absence of any individual, while in another, they were exposed to urines of: (1) castrated males, (2) spayed females, (3) castrated and TP-treated males, (4) castrated and placebo-injected males. Female maturation as measured by age at vaginal opening and first vaginal oestrus was accelerated by presence of adult males, whereas presence of adult females considerably delayed the vaginal opening and the appearance of first oestrus in young females. In the other set of the experiments, urine from castrated or castrated and placebo-injected males was ineffective in inducing early puberty while urine from spayed females highly delayed the sexual maturation. By contrast, urine from castrated and TP-treated males accelerated the puberty more or less like normal males. The results indicate that male's chemosignal accelerating puberty in young females is present in urine and its production is under the control of androgens. However, the female-originating urinary pheromone which delays the puberty in young females is not regulated by ovarian hormones.
The Malaria Sporozoite Vaccine: Parasitology's Brave New World (1985)

Journal Article The Malaria Sporozoite Vaccine: Parasitology's Brave New World Get access Dale R. Spriggs Dale R. Spriggs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 152, Issue 3, September 1985, Pages 655–656, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/152.3.655 Published: 01 September 1985
Physiological Functions of Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP as Calcium Messengers (2001)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are two Ca(2+) messengers derived from NAD and NADP, respectively. Although NAADP is a linear molecule, structurally distinct from the cyclic cADPR, it is synthesized by similar enzymes, ADP-ribosyl cyclase and its homolog, CD38. The crystal structure of the cyclase has been solved and its active site identified. These two novel nucleotides have now been shown to be involved in a wide range of cellular functions including: cell cycle regulation in Euglena, a protist; gene expression in plants; and in animal systems, from fertilization to neurotransmitter release and long-term depression in brain. A battery of pharmacological reagents have been developed, providing valuable tools for elucidating the physiological functions of these two novel Ca(2+) messengers. This article reviews these recent results and explores the implications of the existence of multiple Ca(2+) messengers and Ca(2+) stores in cells.
Apoptotic death of tumor cells correlates with chemosensitivity, independent of p53 or bcl-2. (1996)

p53 has been implicated as a determinant of chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity. We measured chemosensitivity of human tumor cell lines (n = 11), with or without wild-type p53, following exposure to clinically useful chemotherapeutic drugs (n = 4). Chemosensitivity and apoptosis induction were correlated independently of p53 status or Bcl-2 protein levels in vitro. Wild-type p53 correlated with chemosensitivity in ovarian carcinoma and some Burkitt's lymphoma cells, but not in leukemia or lung cancer. Bcl-2 levels correlated with chemoresistance only in Burkitt's lymphoma. p53-dependent p21(WAF1/CIP1) induction and cell cycle arrest occurred at sublethal doses of chemotherapy, whereas at lethal doses of chemotherapy apoptotic death was observed, consistent with models proposing a relationship between the level of DNA damage versus survival or death. Loss of apoptosis induction was observed in drug-resistant ML-1 and HL-60 leukemia cells, without changes in p53 or Bcl-2. Targeted loss of p53 protein in H460 lung cancer cells using HPV-16 E6 inhibited the etoposide-induced G1 checkpoint but did not decrease chemosensitivity. Our studies suggest that the simple measurement of apoptosis induction may be a useful predictor of chemosensitivity, at least in vitro, and confirm that p53 status and Bcl-2 expression may be useful predictors of chemosensitivity in certain cell types.
A new synthesis of temozolomide (2002)

An efficient condensation reaction between nitrosoimidazoles and phenyl methylcarbazate forms the basis of a new synthetic route to phenyloxycarbonyl substituted triazenylimidazoles. Exposure of these triazenes to diffuse daylight is sufficient to induce (E) to (Z)-isomerization of the triazene –NN– bond, resulting in spontaneous formation of temozolomide in high yield.
In-process inspection and correction facilities subject to errors (2002)

Inspection error is one important cause of consumer dissatisfaction particularly in consumer products. For decades, inspection for quality of product has been performed mostly at the end of production line. Therefore, any nonconformance from product's specification is known at the time they are inspected. One solution is applying in or between process's inspection. This becomes available by the use of sensor technology that is no longer expensive for specific purposes. Moreover, necessary in or between process's correction can be performed before parts or components are manufactured by the next process. In this study, an in-process inspection and correction facility is considered. Two sequences are compared, the first consists of process and inspection, where correction is performed by the same process. The second includes an additional correction facility and any nonconformance is corrected separately. Process, inspection and correction costs are considered as an economical measure of the accepted product for both sequences. On the other hand, an accepted product is not always perfect, it varies around its target value due to variation of process or correction and inspection error, finally resulting in loss to the consumer. A model of the sum of these costs and losses is used to determine the best sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors Predicting Testing and Treatment of Iron Deficiency in a Nationwide Cohort of Anemic UC Patients (2016)

More than a third of anemic UC patients were not tested for ID. Once tested, almost a quarter of the patients with IDA were not treated with iron replacement therapy. Testing for ID and subsequent treatment with iron replacement therapy should be considered among the quality process indicators in UC.