gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why are China's companies doing overseas M&As? The case of Geely and Volvo (2012)

Subject area Mergers and acquisitions, corporate strategy. Study level/applicability This case could be applied in several courses: a mergers and acquisitions (M&A) course, to introduce the various motives for firms doing M&A, a strategy course exploring a company's strategy exploration and decision processes, or in a marketing course as an example about emerging and global market interaction. The target audience is primarily final year or Masters' and MBA students. It would also be useful for executive education seminars. Case overview The Case provides learning opportunities about how companies encounter threats due to changing market or fiscal conditions, find ways to address their individual challenges yet achieve mutual benefit, by taking advantage of market-induced opportunities for strategic change, which have been triggered by a combination of situational factors. Expected learning outcomes The case can be used to illustrate and discuss several important aspects of the growth of companies in emerging markets, including: motives for making M&As; strategic options and selection in the emerging industry; and how regional firms can respond to globalization. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome (2014)

Rhabdoid tumors (RT), or malignant rhabdoid tumors, are among the most aggressive and lethal forms of human cancer. They can arise in any location in the body but are most commonly observed in the brain, where they are called atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT), and in the kidneys, where they are called rhabdoid tumors of the kidney. The vast majority of rhabdoid tumors present with a loss of function in the SMARCB1 gene, also known as INI1, BAF47, and hSNF5, a core member of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Recently, mutations in a 2nd locus of the SWI/SNF complex, the SMARCA4 gene, also known as BRG1, were found in rhabdoid tumors with retention of SMARCB1 expression. Familial cases may occur in a condition known as rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS). In RTPS, germline inactivation of 1 allele of a gene occurs. When the mutation occurs in the SMARCB1 gene, the syndrome is called RTPS1, and when the mutation occurs in the SMARCA4 gene it is called RTPS2. Children presenting with RTPS tend to develop tumors at a younger age, but the impact that germline mutation has on survival remains unclear. Adults who carry the mutation tend to develop multiple schwannomas. The diagnosis of RTPS should be considered in patients with RT, especially if they have multiple primary tumors, and/or in individuals with a family history of RT. Because germline mutations result in an increased risk of carriers developing RT, genetic counseling for families with this condition is recommended.
A memory frontier for complex synapses (2013)

An incredible gulf separates theoretical models of synapses, often described solely by a single scalar value denoting the size of a postsynaptic potential, from the immense complexity of molecular signaling pathways underlying real synapses. To understand the functional contribution of such molecular complexity to learning and memory, it is essential to expand our theoretical conception of a synapse from a single scalar to an entire dynamical system with many internal molecular functional states. Moreover, theoretical considerations alone demand such an expansion; network models with scalar synapses assuming finite numbers of distinguishable synaptic strengths have strikingly limited memory capacity. This raises the fundamental question, how does synaptic complexity give rise to memory? To address this, we develop new mathematical theorems elucidating the relationship between the structural organization and memory properties of complex synapses that are themselves molecular networks. Moreover, in proving such theorems, we uncover a framework, based on first passage time theory, to impose an order on the internal states of complex synaptic models, thereby simplifying the relationship between synaptic structure and function.
Software fault tree and coloured Petri net based specification, design and implementation of agent-based intrusion detection systems (2007)

The integration of Software Fault Tree (SFT), which describes intrusions and Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) that specifies design, is examined for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The IDS under development is a collection of mobile agents that detect, classify, and correlate the system and network activities. SFTs, augmented with nodes that describe trust, temporal and contextual relationships, are used to describe intrusions. CPNs for intrusion detection are built using CPN templates created from the augmented SFTs. Hierarchical CPNs are created to detect critical stages of intrusions. The agentbased implementation of the IDS is then constructed from the CPNs. Examples of intrusions and descriptions of the prototype implementation are used to demonstrate how the CPN approach has been used in the development of the IDS. The main contribution of this paper is an approach to systematic specification, design and implementation of an IDS; Innovations include (1) using stages of intrusions to structure the specification and design of the IDS; (2) augmentation of SFT with trust, temporal and contextual nodes to model intrusions; (3) algorithmic construction of CPNs from augmented SFT; and (4) generation of mobile agents from CPNs.
Synthesis and SAR Study of Novel Peptide Aldehydes as Inhibitors of 20S Proteasome (2011)

Based on the analysis of the crystal structure of MG101 (1) and 20S proteasomes, a new series of peptide aldehyde derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their ability to inhibit 20S proteasome was assayed. Among them, Cbz-Glu(OtBu)-Phe-Leucinal (3c), Cbz-Glu(OtBu)-Leu-Leucinal (3d), and Boc-Ser(OBzl)-Leu-Leucinal (3o) exhibited the most activity, which represented an order of magnitude enhancement compared with MG132 (2). The covalent docking protocol was used to explore the binding mode. The structure-activity relationship of the peptide aldehyde inhibitors is discussed.
Comparative analysis of activation induced marker (AIM) assays for sensitive identification of antigen-specific CD4 T cells (2017)

The identification and study of antigen-specific CD4 T cells, both in peripheral blood and in tissues, is key for a broad range of immunological research, including vaccine responses and infectious diseases. Detection of these cells is hampered by both their rarity and their heterogeneity, in particular with regards to cytokine secretion profiles. These factors prevent the identification of the total pool of antigen-specific CD4 T cells by classical methods. We have developed assays for the highly sensitive detection of such cells by measuring the upregulation of surface activation induced markers (AIM). Here, we compare two such assays based on concurrent expression of CD69 plus CD40L (CD154) or expression of OX40 plus CD25, and we develop additional AIM assays based on OX40 plus PD-L1 or 4-1BB. We compare the relative sensitivity of these assays for detection of vaccine and natural infection-induced CD4 T cell responses and show that these assays identify distinct, but overlapping populations of antigen-specific CD4 T cells, a subpopulation of which can also be detected on the basis of cytokine synthesis. Bystander activation had minimal effect on AIM markers. However, some T regulatory cells upregulate CD25 upon antigen stimulation. We therefore validated AIM assays designed to exclude most T regulatory cells, for both human and non-human primate (NHP, Macaca mulatta) studies. Overall, through head-to-head comparisons and methodological improvements, we show that AIM assays represent a sensitive and valuable method for the detection of antigen-specific CD4 T cells.
Intellectual property re-use in embedded system co-design: an industrial case study (1998)

Design of large systems on a chip would be infeasible without the capability to flexibly adapt the system architecture to the application and the re-use of existing Intellectual Property (IP). This in turn requires the use of an appropriate methodology for system specification, architecture selection, IP integration and implementation generation. The goals of this work are: a) verification of the effectiveness of the POLIS HW/SW co-design methodology for the design of embedded systems for telecom applications; b) definition of methodology for integrating system level IP libraries in this HW/SW co-design framework. Methodology evaluations have been carried out through the development of an industrial telecom system design, an ATM node server.
A 26-GHz High-Performance MIC Transmitter/Receiver for Digital Radio Subscriber Systems (1984)

A high-performance 26-GHz microwave integrated circuit (MIC) transmitter/receiver using frequency-shift-keying (FSK) modulation has been developed. All RF components are fabricated using MIC technology and integrated into a single compact module. Newly developed MIC components include an FSK modulator, a time division multiple access (TDMA) switch, and a single-balanced mixer. The FSK modulator is composed of an IMPATT diode, a varactor diode, and a dielectric resonator. A high-frequency stability of 50 ppm is obtained in the tempera-ture range of -10-45°C. The configuration and performance of the TDMA switch with a high ON/OFF ratio and a low insertion loss are described, A transmitting power of 21 dBm and a receiving noise figure of 8.7 dB are obtained. The bit error rate is measured to evaluate the overall transmitter/receiver performance. The required carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) has been considerably improved by adopting FSK modulation and by using the MIC transmitter/receiver described in this paper.
A computerised microscope focusing technique. (1976)

An automatic focusing technique for a computer-controlled optical microscope is described, which is based on an algorithm originally proposed by Mendelsohn and Mayall. The procedure is capable of attaining a focusing accuracy of less than 1/20 micron in the slide-objective distance. The dependence of focusing accuracy and time to focus on the scanner signal-to-noise ratio, and the change in the focus position with time, are discussed.
The Ratio of Monomeric to Aggregated Forms of Aβ40 and Aβ42 Is an Important Determinant of Amyloid-β Aggregation, Fibrillogenesis, and Toxicity (2008)

Aggregation and fibril formation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides Abeta40 and Abeta42 are central events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Previous studies have established the ratio of Abeta40 to Abeta42 as an important factor in determining the fibrillogenesis, toxicity, and pathological distribution of Abeta. To better understand the molecular basis underlying the pathologic consequences associated with alterations in the ratio of Abeta40 to Abeta42, we probed the concentration- and ratio-dependent interactions between well defined states of the two peptides at different stages of aggregation along the amyloid formation pathway. We report that monomeric Abeta40 alters the kinetic stability, solubility, and morphological properties of Abeta42 aggregates and prevents their conversion into mature fibrils. Abeta40, at approximately equimolar ratios (Abeta40/Abeta42 approximately 0.5-1), inhibits (> 50%) fibril formation by monomeric Abeta42, whereas inhibition of protofibrillar Abeta42 fibrillogenesis is achieved at lower, substoichiometric ratios (Abeta40/Abeta42 approximately 0.1). The inhibitory effect of Abeta40 on Abeta42 fibrillogenesis is reversed by the introduction of excess Abeta42 monomer. Additionally, monomeric Abeta42 and Abeta40 are constantly recycled and compete for binding to the ends of protofibrillar and fibrillar Abeta aggregates. Whereas the fibrillogenesis of both monomeric species can be seeded by fibrils composed of either peptide, Abeta42 protofibrils selectively seed the fibrillogenesis of monomeric Abeta42 but not monomeric Abeta40. Finally, we also show that the amyloidogenic propensities of different individual and mixed Abeta species correlates with their relative neuronal toxicities. These findings, which highlight specific points in the amyloid peptide equilibrium that are highly sensitive to the ratio of Abeta40 to Abeta42, carry important implications for the pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer disease.
Effects of Three Kinds of Foreign Media Materials on the Activity of Alfalfa Rhizobium (2014)

The effects of Monopotassium Phosphate,Fulvic Acid and Rare Earth Nitrate on the activity of alfalfa rhizobium were investigated using single factor and orthogonal experiment designs with Alfalfa rhizobium strain ACCC17631 and ACCC17676as experimental materials in order to screen the optimum combination of medium.The results showed that Monopotassium Phosphate had significant influence on the activity of strain ACCC17631(P0.01),the optimum concentration was 300mg·L-1,and no significant influence on the activity of strain ACCC17676.Fulvic Acid had highly significant influence on the activity of both test strains(P0.01),the optimum concentration was 0.03%for strain ACCC17631 and 0.02%for strain ACCC17676.Rare Earth Nitrate could promote the growth of strain ACCC17631,the optimum concentration was 200mg·L-1,and had highly significant influence on the activity of strain ACCC17676(P0.01),the optimum concentration was 400mg·L-1.The optimum combination of medium for ACCC17631 was 100mg·L-1of Monopotassium Phosphate,0.03% of Fulvic Acid and 200mg·L-1 of Rare Earth Nitrates,for ACCC17676 was 300 mg·L-1of Monopotassium Phosphate,0.02% of Fulvic Acid and 400mg·L-1 of Rare Earth Nitrates.
Gpa2p, a G-protein α-Subunit, Regulates Growth and Pseudohyphal Development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a cAMP-dependent Mechanism (1997)

The small GTP-binding protein Ras and heterotrimeric G-proteins are key regulators of growth and development in eukaryotic cells. In mammalian cells, Ras functions to regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to growth factors, whereas many heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha-subunits modulate cAMP levels through adenylyl cyclase as a consequence of hormonal action. In contrast, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is the Ras1 and Ras2 proteins that regulate adenylyl cyclase. Of the two yeast G-protein alpha-subunits (GPA1 and GPA2), only GPA1 has been well studied and shown to negatively regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway upon pheromone stimulation. In this report, we show that deletion of the GPA2 gene encoding the other yeast G-protein alpha-subunit leads to a defect in pseudohyphal development. Also, the GPA2 gene is indispensable for normal growth in the absence of Ras2p. Both of these phenotypes can be rescued by deletion of the PDE2 gene product, which inactivates cAMP by cleavage, suggesting that these phenotypes can be attributed to low levels of intracellular cAMP. In support of this notion, addition of exogenous cAMP to the growth media was also sufficient to rescue the phenotype of a GPA2 deletion strain. Taken together, our results directly demonstrate that a G-protein alpha-subunit can regulate the growth and pseudohyphal development of S. cerevisiae via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. Heterologous expression of mammalian G-protein alpha-subunits in these yeast GPA2 deletion strains could provide a valuable tool for the mutational analysis of mammalian G-protein function in an in vivo null setting.
Closed-loop feedback-control system for improved tracking in magnetically actuated micromirrors (2002)

We have demonstrated a closed-loop feedback-control system that dramatically improves the dynamic response, settling time, and external disturbance rejection of a magnetic micromirror. Proportional, proportional-derivative and proportional-derivative-integral controllers (implemented on a digital signal processor) were used to increase positioning accuracy of the micromirror which can, for example, lead to increased optical-channel density in fiber-optic switches.
Effect of the chromophore donor group and ferrocene doping on the dynamic range, gain, and phase shift in photorefractive polymers (2000)

We have studied the photorefractive performance of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based composites doped with various concentrations of two structurally related dipolar chromophores, at 780 nm. The two chromophores had different electron donor groups, N,N-diethylamine and julolidine, respectively. Complete internal diffraction and gain coefficients &gt;130 cm−1 were obtained for polymers doped with these chromophores. The polymers prepared with the chromophore having the strongest electron donor group, the julolidine group, had the largest dynamic range, but proved to be slower and had a smaller photorefractive phase shift.
Crosstransplantation of kidneys in normal and Hyp mice. Evidence that the Hyp mouse phenotype is unrelated to an intrinsic renal defect. (1992)

Although deranged phosphate transport is the fundamental abnormality in X-linked hypophosphatemic (XLH) rickets, it remains unknown if this defect is the consequence of an intrinsic kidney abnormality or aberrant production of a humoral factor. To discriminate between these possibilities, we examined phosphate homeostasis in normal and Hyp mice, subjected to renal crosstransplantation. We initially evaluated the effects of uninephrectomy on the indices of phosphate metabolism that identify the mutant biochemical phenotype. No differences were found in the serum phosphorus concentration, fractional excretion of phosphate (FEP), or tubular reabsorption of phosphate per milliliter of glomerular filtrate (TRP) in uninephrectomized normal and Hyp mice, compared with sham-operated controls. Subsequently, single kidneys from normal or Hyp mice were transplanted into normal and Hyp mouse recipients. Normal mice transplanted with normal kidneys and Hyp mice engrafted with mutant kidneys exhibited serum phosphorus, FEP, and TRP no different from those of uninephrectomized normal and Hyp mice, respectively. However, engraftment of normal kidneys in Hyp mice and mutant kidneys in normal mice affected neither serum phosphorus (4.69 +/- 0.31 and 8.25 +/- 0.52 mg/dl, respectively) nor FEP and TRP of the recipients. These data indicate that the Hyp mouse phenotype is neither corrected nor transferred by renal transplantation. Further, they suggest that the phosphate transport defect in Hyp mice, and likely X-linked hypophosphatemia, is the result of a humoral factor, and is not an intrinsic renal abnormality.
Abstract 18957: Modulation of Ganglionated Plexi as an Addition to Pv Isolation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2015)

Introduction: Catheter ablation of ganglionated plexi (GP) as an add on to pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has been reported to significantly improve outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. In order to facilitate localization of these GPs, a novel imaging study is proposed that investigates the uptake of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG, an analogon for norepinephrine) on the atrial level. This information is combined with 3D surface reconstruction from contrast computed tomography (cCT) or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods: A total of 7 patients (5 male, mean age 64.3 yrs) with AF underwent mIBG nuclear studies using a dedicated solid state cardiac camera (D-SPECT, Spectrum Dynamics). Four patient had 4 persistent AF (3 prev. abl.) with less than 1 year of sustained AF, whereas 3 patient were in longstanding persistent AF (all prev. abl). The acquired data was merged with the 3D imaging and subsequently imported into the 3D electroanatomical mapping system (CARTO, Biosense Webster). During invasive AF ablations these sites were mapped to perform high frequency stimulation (HFS) to confirm GP locations. Results: In all pts, both the mIBG and CT scans were performed without any complications. Locations of high mIBG uptake corresponded to anatomical GP sites (LA & RA) in the majority of patients, but individual variations were observed. PV isolation was added in all but 1 pt (who had previous ablation) plus CFAE ablation if necessary. Follow-up of in median of 10.4 months demonstrated SR in all persistent AF patients (1 redo for atrial reentry). In patients with longstanding persistent AF: 2 pts are in SR (both AF at 1 week and 1 pt in AT at 6 weeks), while 1 pt remained in AF. Conclusion: The combination of mIBG and 3D imaging provides a novel type of “road map” for localizing GPs during AF ablation. As an add-on to PV (re-) isolation, this strategy was found to be beneficial for patients with persistent and longstanding persistent AF. Interestingly, pts with longstanding persistent AF (and multiple previous ablations) all recurred early in F/U but showed reversal to AT and finally SR at later stages. Further studies in larger patient cohorts need to confirm these initial observations.
Authentic precursors to ribosomal subunits accumulate in <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the absence of functional DnaK chaperone (2003)

Escherichia coli dnaK-ts mutants are defective in the late stages of ribosome biogenesis at high temperature. Here, we show that the 21S, 32S and 45S ribosomal particles that accumulate in the dnaK756-ts mutant at 44 degrees C contain unprocessed forms of their 16S and 23S rRNAs (partially processed in the case of 45S particles). Their 5S rRNA stoichiometry and ribosomal protein composition are typical of the genuine ribosomal precursors found in a wild-type (dnaK+) strain. Despite the lack of a functional DnaK, a very slow maturation of these 21S, 32S and 45S particles to structurally and functionally normal 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits still occurs at high temperature. This conversion is accompanied by the processing of p16S and p23S rRNAs to their mature forms. We conclude that: (i) 21S, 32S and 45S particles are not dead-end particles, but true precursors to active ribosomes (21S particles are converted to 30S subunits, and 32S and 45S to 50S subunits); (ii) DnaK is not absolutely necessary for ribosome biogenesis, but accelerates the late steps of this process considerably at high temperature; and (iii) 23S rRNA processing depends on the stage reached in the stepwise assembly of the 50S subunit, not directly on DnaK.
Terahertz Quality Inspection for Automotive and Aviation Industries (2019)

Abstract Nondestructive quality inspection with terahertz waves has become an emerging technology, especially in the automotive and aviation industries. Depending on the specific application, different terahertz systems—either fully electronic or based on optical laser pulses—cover the terahertz frequency region from 0.1 THz up to nearly 10 THz and provide high-speed volume inspections on the one hand and high-resolution thickness determination on the other hand. In this paper, we present different industrial applications, which we have addressed with our terahertz systems within the last couple of years. First, we show three-dimensional imaging of glass fiber–reinforced composites and foam structures, and demonstrate thickness determination of multilayer plastic tube walls. Then, we present the characterization of known and unknown multilayer systems down to some microns and the possibility of measuring the thickness of wet paints. The challenges of system reliability in industrial environments, e.g., under the impact of vibrations, and effective solutions are discussed. This paper gives an overview of state-of-the-art terahertz technology for industrial quality inspection. The presented principles are not limited to the automotive and aviation industries but can also be adapted to many other industrial fields.