gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Insulin-Sensitizing Thiazolidinedione, Which Minimally Activates PPARγ, Does Not Cause Bone Loss (2014)

Rosiglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) that activates the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Although rosiglitazone effectively treats type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it carries substantial complications, including increased fracture risk. This predisposition to fracture is consistent with the fact that PPARγ preferentially promotes formation of adipocytes at the cost of osteoblasts. Rosiglitazone-activated PPARγ, however, also stimulates osteoclast formation. A new TZD analog with low affinity for binding and activation of PPARγ but whose insulin-sensitizing properties mirror those of rosiglitazone has been recently developed. Because of its therapeutic implications, we investigated the effects of this new TZD analog (MSDC-0602) on skeletal homeostasis, in vitro and in vivo. Confirming it activates the nuclear receptor in osteoclasts, rosiglitazone enhances expression of the PPARγ target gene, CD36. MSDC-0602, in contrast, minimally activates PPARγ and does not alter CD36 expression in the bone-resorptive cells. Consistent with this finding, rosiglitazone increases receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and number, whereas MSDC-0602 fails to do so. To determine if this new TZD analog is bone sparing, in vivo, we fed adult male C57BL/6 mice MSDC-0602 or rosiglitazone. Six months of a rosiglitazone diet results in a 35% decrease in bone mass with increased number of osteoclasts, whereas that of MSDC-0602-fed mice is indistinguishable from control. Thus, PPARγ sparing eliminates the skeletal side effects of TZDs while maintaining their insulin-sensitizing properties.
Field Studies Involving the Sex-attractant Pheromones of the Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Beetles12 (1977)

Journal Article Field Studies Involving the Sex-attractant Pheromones of the Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Beetles Get access R. J. Bartelt, R. J. Bartelt University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. C. Chiang H. C. Chiang 3 University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108 3Graduate Research Assistant and Professor, respectively. Department of Entomology, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 6, Issue 6, 1 December 1977, Pages 853–861, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/6.6.853 Published: 01 December 1977 Article history Received: 17 June 1977 Published: 01 December 1977
Receptor-mediated stimulation of lipid signalling pathways in CHO cells elicits the rapid transient induction of the PDE1B isoform of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase (1997)

Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells) do not exhibit any Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE1) activity. Challenge of CHO cells with agonists for endogenous P2-purinoceptors, lysophosphatidic acid receptors and thrombin receptors caused a similar rapid transient induction of PDE1 activity in each instance. This was also evident on noradrenaline challenge of a cloned CHO cell line transfected so as to overexpress alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. This novel PDE1 activity appeared within about 15 min of exposure to ligands, rose to a maximum value within 30 min to 1 h and then rapidly decreased. In each case, the expression of novel PDE1 activity was blocked by the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. Challenge with insulin of either native CHO cells or a CHO cell line transfected so as to overexpress the human insulin receptor failed to induce PDE1 activity. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses, using degenerate primers able to detect the PDE1C isoform, did not amplify any fragment from RNA preparations of CHO cells expressing PDE1 activity, although they did so from the human thyroid carcinoma FTC133 cell line. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses, using degenerate primers able to detect the PDE1A and PDE1B isoforms, successfully amplified a fragment of the predicted size from RNA preparations of both CHO cells expressing PDE1 activity and human Jurkat T-cells. Sequencing of the PCR products, generated using the PDE1A/B primers, yielded a novel sequence which, by analogy with sequences reported for bovine and murine PDE1B forms, suggests that the PDE1 species induced in CHO cells through protein kinase C activation and that expressed in Jurkat T-cells are PDE1B forms.
Optimizing megakaryocyte polyploidization by targeting multiple pathways of cytokinesis (2012)

Megakaryocyte polyploidization results from modulation of a combination of distinct cytokinesis pathways. Reagents targeting distinct cytoskeletal pathways produced additive effects in final megakaryocyte ploidy. The RRI, however, showed no additive effect but produced a high final ploidy due to overlapping inhibition of multiple cytokinesis pathways.
Spinal glutamate receptor antagonists differentiate primary and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia caused by incision (2003)

Secondary mechanical hyperalgesia has been demonstrated in postoperative patients indicating that central sensitization occurs after surgery. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we studied the role of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors for pain behaviors indicating secondary hyperalgesia caused by gastrocnemius incision in the rat. We further determined if Ca(2+) permeable AMPA/kainate receptors are important for secondary hyperalgesia after gastrocnemius incision and for pain behaviors indicating primary hyperalgesia and guarding behavior after plantar incision. Withdrawal thresholds (WTs) to punctate mechanical stimuli were assessed by applying calibrated monofilaments to the plantar hind paw before gastrocnemius incision. WTs were tested again 2 h after gastrocnemius incision and again after intrathecal (IT) injection of either dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), or Joro spider toxin (JSTX). The doses used were: MK-801 (vehicle, 15, 30, 40 nmol), AP5 (vehicle, 10, 30 nmol), NBQX (vehicle, 5, 10 nmol), and JSTX (vehicle, 2, 5, 9 nmol). In the same rats, WTs were tested on postoperative day 2 before and after the same drugs were injected again. In other rats, WTs to monofilaments and response frequencies to a non-punctate mechanical stimulus or guarding behaviors were determined before, 1 h after plantar incision was made, and assessed again after JSTX (9 nmol or vehicle) was administered IT. Secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after gastrocnemius incision was dose-dependently blocked by NBQX but was only marginally affected by AP5 or MK-801. Only secondary mechanical hyperalgesia was reversed by JSTX; primary mechanical hyperalgesia and guarding behavior were unchanged. These results indicate that spinal sensitization contributing to behaviors for secondary hyperalgesia after incision requires Ca(2+) permeable AMPA/kainate receptors. The data further demonstrate that behaviors for secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after incision can be inhibited without affecting behaviors for primary mechanical hyperalgesia and guarding. Mechanisms for central sensitization causing secondary hyperalgesia in postoperative patients may therefore be separated from spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia that arises adjacent to the area of the incision.
Microwave Bandpass Filters Using Re-Entrant Resonators (2015)

Design techniques for microwave bandpass filters using re-entrant resonators are presented. The key feature is that each re-entrant resonator in the filter generates a passband resonance and a finite frequency transmission zero above the passband. Thus, an N th degree filter can have N finite frequency transmission zeros with a simple physical realization. A physically symmetrical five-pole re-entrant bandpass filter prototype with five transmission zeros above the passband was designed and fabricated. Measured results showed good correspondence with theories.
The Decline in the Cotton Futures Market (1964)

Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade
Stereoisomeric lactoyl-.beta.-methylcholine iodides. Interaction with cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoisomeric lactoyl-.beta.-methylcholine iodides. Interaction with cholinesterase and acetylcholinesteraseM. M.-L. Chan and J. B. RobinsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 10, 1057–1060Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00256a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00256a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In Vitro</i> Reconstitution Reveals Key Intermediate States of Trimer Formation by the Dengue Virus Membrane Fusion Protein (2010)

The flavivirus dengue virus (DV) infects cells through a low-pH-triggered membrane fusion reaction mediated by the viral envelope protein E. E is an elongated transmembrane protein with three domains and is organized as a homodimer on the mature virus particle. During fusion, the E protein homodimer dissociates, inserts the hydrophobic fusion loop into target membranes, and refolds into a trimeric hairpin in which domain III (DIII) packs against the central trimer. It is clear that E refolding drives membrane fusion, but the steps in hairpin formation and their pH requirements are unclear. Here, we have used truncated forms of the DV E protein to reconstitute trimerization in vitro. Protein constructs containing domains I and II (DI/II) were monomeric and interacted with membranes to form core trimers. DI/II-membrane interaction and trimerization occurred efficiently at both neutral and low pH. The DI/II core trimer was relatively unstable and could be stabilized by binding exogenous DIII or by the formation of mixed trimers containing DI/II plus E protein with all three domains. The mixed trimer had unoccupied DIII interaction sites that could specifically bind exogenous DIII at either low or neutral pH. Truncated DV E proteins thus reconstitute hairpin formation and define properties of key domain interactions during DV fusion.
γ‐Linolenic and stearidonic acids in Mongolian Boraginaceae (1996)

Abstract Seeds of nine Central Asian species of Boraginaceae were investigated for the first time for their oil content and for the fatty acid composition of their seed oils by capillary gas chromatography. Levels of γ‐linolenic acid ranged from 6.6 to 13.0% and levels of stearidonic acid ranged from 2.4 to 21.4% of total seed fatty acids. The seed oil of Hackelia deflexa exhibited the highest stearidonic acid content (21.4%) that has been found so far in nature. Other high contents of this fatty acid were in three Lappula species (17.2 to 18.1%). Seed oils of Cynoglossum divaricatum and Amblynotus rupestris contain considerable amounts of cis ‐11‐eicosenoic (5.3 to 5.8%) and cis ‐13‐docosenoic acid (7.0 to 9.7%) besides γ‐linolenic (10.2 to 13.0%) and stearidonic acid (2.4 to 6.5%), which distinguish these oils from those of other Boraginaceae genera.
A Carbohydrate-Based Approach for the Total Synthesis of 1,3-Polyol/α-Pyrone Antifungal Natural Products (2005)

[Chemical reaction: see text] An elimination and stereoselective hydrogenation of alpha-D-glucoheptonic-gamma-lactone derivative has been applied to prepare a differentially protected anti,anti-1,3,5-triol system, the utility of which has been extended for the total synthesis of anti-fungal 1,3-polyol/alpha-pyrone natural products.
Biophysical properties of protein‐free, totally synthetic pulmonary surfactants, ALEC and Exosurf, in comparison with surfactant TA (1994)

An artificial pulmonary surfactant prepared from chloroform-methanol extract of bovine pulmonary surfactant (surfactant TA) has been shown to be effective in both the prevention and the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies. Recently, two types of protein-free totally synthetic surfactants, artificial lung expanding compound (ALEC) and Exosurf, have been evaluated in clinical trials of surfactant therapy. Artificial lung expanding compound was used initially as a dry powder, but is now prepared as a crystalline suspension in saline at 4 degrees C. In this study we compared the biophysical properties of three different forms of ALEC (dry powder, crystalline suspension at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C), Exosurf and surfactant TA (Surfacten) using a modified Wilhelmy surface balance and a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Surface activity of a crystalline suspension of ALEC in cold saline was no better than the dry powder of ALEC. Surfactant activity of ALEC was improved by addition of hydrophobic surfactant protein B and C (SP-B, SP-C) which are important constituents of surfactant TA. Surface properties of ALEC in any form and Exosurf were not superior to those of surfactant TA. These results suggest that a surfactant which contains SP-B and SP-C does not necessarily have to be dry or crystalline for an effective exogenous surfactant.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Opportunistic Infections in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2014)

In the late 1970s, the first clues that an epidemic due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was beginning to unfold were the opportunistic infections that clinicians recognized in previously healthy individuals who, by the laboratory parameters available and in use at the time, appeared to have no underlying disease. Opportunistic infections continue to occur in HIV-infected individuals in the United States in 2000. Epidemiologic data concerning the frequency of opportunistic infections in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, as well as specific studies of clinical outcome for patients enrolled in clinical trials, clearly demonstrate that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces susceptibility to opportunistic infection. Viral load is an independent predictor of the likelihood of developing opportunistic infections, but the risk of developing such complications is still effectively predicted by the current CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. The revised United States Public Health Service-Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines on prophylaxis of opportunistic infections, which were published in August 1999, continue to stress the importance of initiating primary prophylaxis for pneumocystosis, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis for patients who meet the well-established criteria.
Formalin-Inactivated Coxiella burnetii Phase I Vaccine-Induced Protection Depends on B Cells To Produce Protective IgM and IgG (2013)

To further understand the mechanisms of formalin-inactivated Coxiella burnetii phase I (PI) vaccine (PIV)-induced protection, we examined if B cell, T cell, CD4(+) T cell, or CD8(+) T cell deficiency in mice significantly affects the ability of PIV to confer protection against a C. burnetii infection. Interestingly, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, PIV conferred comparable levels of protection in CD4(+) T cell- or CD8(+) T cell-deficient mice and partial protection in T cell-deficient mice but did not provide measurable protection in B cell-deficient mice. These results suggest that PIV-induced protection depends on B cells. In addition, anti-PI-specific IgM was the major detectable antibody (Ab) in immune sera from PIV-vaccinated CD4(+) T cell-deficient mice, and passive transfer of immune sera from PIV-vaccinated CD4(+) T cell-deficient mice conferred significant protection. These results suggest that T cell-independent anti-PI-specific IgM may contribute to PIV-induced protection. Our results also suggested that PIV-induced protection may not depend on complement activation and Fc receptor-mediated effector functions. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that both IgM and IgG from PIV-vaccinated WT mouse sera were able to inhibit C. burnetii infection in vivo, but only IgM from PIV-vaccinated CD4(+) T cell-deficient mouse sera inhibited C. burnetii infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that PIV-induced protection depends on B cells to produce protective IgM and IgG and that T cell-independent anti-PI-specific IgM may play a critical role in PIV-induced protection against C. burnetii infection.
Fault-Tolerant Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter Solutions Based on Including a Fourth Resonant Leg (2010)

This paper presents a new three-level topology based on the neutral-point (NP)-clamped converter. An additional leg is added to the basic topology. The main purpose of this leg is to provide the converter with fault-tolerant capabilities. In addition, during normal operation mode, the fourth leg can be used to balance the NP voltage. In this way, the low-frequency voltage oscillations that appear in the NP under some operating conditions are cancelled out effectively. As a result, the modulation strategy of the three main legs of the converter does not have to take care of the voltage balance and can focus on other aspects such as, for instance, minimizing the switching losses of the converter. However, the inclusion of the fourth leg produces some additional losses. A resonant topology is proposed to minimize the switching losses of this leg. Three different fault-tolerant solutions based on the fourth-leg topology are presented. A comparison of these topologies showing their respective advantages and drawbacks is made. Experimental results are presented to show the viability of this approach.
Write induced track misregistration due to magnetic center shifts in thin film inductive heads (1994)

The effect of writing on track misregistration in thin film heads for hard disk drives is discussed. An experimental technique is presented which shows that writing causes changes in the magnetic state of the head. These magnetic changes are interpreted by the servo channel as shifts in the position of the head. Real track misregistration occurs as the servo tries to compensate. Typical variations in head position have a standard deviation of 2 to 4 microinches. From ontrack testing of a known unstable head it is concluded that unstable waveforms do not necessarily indicate a magnetic center shift. The opposite behavior has also been seen: magnetic center shifts occur with no noticeable change in waveform.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of biochemical markers in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis (1997)

The aim of this study was to evaluate CA 125 II, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) concentrations for the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. The study population consisted of 15 women without endometriosis, as confirmed by laparoscopy (group A), and 35 patients with pelvic endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy or laparotomy (group B). Group B patients were divided into those at stages I and II of the disease (BI/II) and those at stages III and IV (BIII/IV). Blood samples were obtained twice during the menstrual cycle: on day 1, 2 or 3 of the cycle and on day 8, 9 or 10 of the cycle. CA 125 II and CRP concentrations were higher in group III/IV patients compared with healthy controls, mainly during the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle; SAA concentrations were also higher in this group of patients compared with healthy controls, but only during the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M aCL concentrations were higher in all patients with endometriosis compared with healthy controls, mainly during the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle. It is concluded that these determinations may contribute to the diagnosis and the indication of treatment for pelvic endometriosis. Determination of CA 125 II concentrations at the beginning of the menstrual cycle may aid the diagnosis of stage III and IV endometriosis. IgM aCL appears to be associated with the presence of all stages of the disease, while SAA values are elevated in severe situations. Measurement of these molecules may therefore provide a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of endometriosis.
Glycogen (1944)

Research Article| January 01 1944 Glycogen: 9. The magnitude of the ‘unit chains’ of liver glycogen of rabbits supplied with glucose, fructose and sucrose J. S. D. Bacon; J. S. D. Bacon 1Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. Baldwin; E. Baldwin 1Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Bell D. J. Bell 1Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1944) 38 (2): 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0380198 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. S. D. Bacon, E. Baldwin, D. J. Bell; Glycogen: 9. The magnitude of the ‘unit chains’ of liver glycogen of rabbits supplied with glucose, fructose and sucrose. Biochem J 1 January 1944; 38 (2): 198–201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0380198 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1944 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1944 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Speech Enhancement Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform Theory (2006)

Speech enhancement is effective in solving the problem of noisy speech. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is efficient for describing the local features of dynamic signals and is a new and powerful theory for the time-frequency analysis. According to the theory of HHT, this text introduced a new method of speech enhancement to improve the speech quantity and the signal noise ratio (SNR) of processed data. By the method of empirical mode composition (EMD), the speech signal is decomposed into several IMFs. Then remove the background noise from each IMF according to its own characters and rebuild the signal. While the SNR of the speech is low, the experiment results show that this algorithm is valid on tested noise conditions for most of speech signals and is capable to improve the SNR of the speech. Comparing with some other methods for speech enhancement such as methods based on spectrum subtraction as well as the wavelet transform, we can find that the HHT-based method is better to a certain extent