gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation (cSCS) on Experimental Stroke (1989)

Cervical spinal cord stimulation (cSCS) has been employed as a treatment for intractable pain for the past 20 years. Recently, we reported that cSCS increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in cats and humans. The present study was designed to examine the effects of cSCS on experimental cerebral strokes, using a cat middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO). A total of 31 cats were randomly assigned to three groups; Group 1: control, Group 2: sham operation, Group 3: cSCS. Mortality of the control group was 92% as long as 4 days after MCAO. Groups 2 and 3 showed a prolongation of survival rate (44% and 56%, respectively). CSCS reduced the rate of death within 24 hours after MCAO. There was no alteration of infarct size, which was estimated by the TTC method and measured by computer technique (PDP-11/23), was found in dead cats of all groups. In cats that survived in Group 3, however, drastic prevention of an infarct progression was found, compared to Group 2. The results provide a clinical application of cSCS for stroke patients, although no evident mechanism was obtained.
Theranostic Potential of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus (2012)

Biological cancer therapies, such as oncolytic, or replication-selective viruses have advantages over traditional therapeutics as they can employ multiple different mechanisms to target and destroy cancers (including direct cell lysis, immune activation and vascular collapse). This has led to their rapid recent clinical development. However this also makes their pre-clinical and clinical study complex, as many parameters may affect their therapeutic potential and so defining reason for treatment failure or approaches that might enhance their therapeutic activity can be complicated. The ability to non-invasively image viral gene expression in vivo both in pre-clinical models and during clinical testing will considerably enhance the speed of oncolytic virus development as well as increasing the level and type of useful data produced from these studies. Further, subsequent to future clinical approval, imaging of reporter gene expression might be used to evaluate the likelihood of response to oncolytic viral therapy prior to changes in tumor burden. Here different reporter genes used in conjunction with oncolytic viral therapy are described, along with the imaging modalities used to measure their expression, while their applications both in pre-clinical and clinical testing are discussed. Possible future applications for reporter gene expression from oncolytic viruses in the phenotyping of tumors and the personalizing of treatment regimens are also discussed.
Learning Distance Metrics with Contextual Constraints for Image Retrieval (2006)

Relevant Component Analysis (RCA) has been proposed for learning distance metrics with contextual constraints for image retrieval. However, RCA has two important disadvantages. One is the lack of exploiting negative constraints which can also be informative, and the other is its incapability of capturing complex nonlinear relationships between data instances with the contextual information. In this paper, we propose two algorithms to overcome these two disadvantages, i.e., Discriminative Component Analysis (DCA) and Kernel DCA. Compared with other complicated methods for distance metric learning, our algorithms are rather simple to understand and very easy to solve. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms on image retrieval in which experimental results show that our algorithms are effective and promising in learning good quality distance metrics for image retrieval.
Clinical manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux. (2002)

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is ubiquitous and associated with many head and neck symptoms and diagnoses. In some cases, the symptom is the diagnosis--for example, LPR can cause sore throat, chronic cough, globus pharyngeus, and laryngospasm. Alternately, LPR can be associated with specific histopathologic lesions--for example, vocal process granulomas. LPR can be the sole cause or an etiologic cofactor in the development of many disorders of the aerodigestive tract.
Improved insulin sensitivity after weight loss and exercise training is mediated by a reduction in plasma fatty acid mobilization, not enhanced oxidative capacity (2009)

Obesity is characterized by excessive rates of plasma fatty acid mobilization and uptake, which play a key role in mediating insulin resistance. While weight loss via diet-only or a diet + exercise program clearly improves insulin sensitivity, the precise mechanisms modulating this improvement are not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of the reduced fatty acid mobilization and uptake after weight loss in obese women who were randomly assigned to lifestyle interventions of either weight loss without exercise (WL) (n = 7) or a weight loss + exercise program (WL + EX) (n = 10). Before and after losing 12% of their body weight, we measured insulin sensitivity (S(I)), systemic fatty acid rate of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd), oxidative capacity, and markers for pro-inflammatory pathways in skeletal muscle. Fatty acid Ra and Rd were reduced by 30% after both interventions (P < 0.05). While oxidative capacity increased 25% in WL + EX (compared with no increase after WL), the improvement in S(I) was identical in both groups (60%; P < 0.05), and skeletal muscle pro-inflammatory pathways were reduced (P < 0.05) similarly in both groups. When we artificially increased fatty acid mobilization after weight loss to pre-weight-loss levels via an overnight lipid infusion, the improvement in S(I) was almost completely reversed. Importantly, WL + EX did not protect against this lipid-induced reversal in S(I) despite a significant increase in resting whole-body fat oxidation and a marked increase in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. In conclusion, reduced fatty acid mobilization and uptake appears to be a primary mediator of improved insulin sensitivity after weight loss. Moreover, enhancing fatty acid oxidative capacity via exercise training is not sufficient to prevent the insulin resistance caused by high fatty acid mobilization, such as that found in obesity.
Association Between Early and Rapid Weight Gain and Change in Weight Over One Year of Olanzapine Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders (2005)

Weight gain is an important issue in the use of atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine. A retrospective analysis of patterns of weight gain and possible covariates was performed for 1191 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were treated with olanzapine for up to 52 weeks. Patients were dichotomized into 2 main groups according to the percentage of body weight gained during the first 6 weeks of treatment with olanzapine: (1) patients who gained > or =7% of their body weight (Rapid Weight Gain Group [RWG]), and (2) patients who lost weight, gained no weight, or gained <7% of their body weight (Nonrapid Weight Gain Group [NRWG]). Results demonstrated that approximately 15% of the patient population showed rapid increases in weight (RWG group), whereas 85% of patients gained weight more slowly or not at all (NRWG group). Patients in the RWG group gained an average of 4% of their body weight (approximately 4-7 lb) within the first 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine. Furthermore, patients in the RWG group were younger, had a lower baseline body mass index, were more likely to report an increase in appetite, and showed a more robust clinical response compared with patients in the NRWG group. Over the course of 52 weeks, patients in the RWG group gained significantly more weight and reached a higher plateau for mean weight increase at 38 weeks compared with the mean increase observed for patients in the NRWG group. By measuring the weight of patients during the first few weeks of olanzapine treatment and by assessing changes in appetite, clinicians may be able to identify those patients at risk for substantial weight gain.
Optimization of medium composition for transglutaminase production by a Brazilian soil Streptomyces sp. (2007)

Finding a new microbial source of transglutaminase (MTGase) and the study of the medium composition for MTGase production were the goals of this work. A total of 200 actinomycete-like strains were isolated from Brazilian soil samples and two of them named T10b and P20 were selected based on their ability to produce 0.15 U.mL -1 and 0.25 U.mL -1 of MTGase, respectively. Strain P20 was chosen to continue the study and was identified as Streptomyces sp. In order to optimize the MTGase activity, modifications of the usual media composition described for enzyme production were tested. The strategy adopted was: (1) screening experiment for the best carbon and nitrogen sources; (2) fractional factorial design (FFD) to elucidate the key ingredients in the media (the results indicated that the soybean flour, peptone, KH 2 PO 4 and MgSO 4 .7H 2 O had a significant effect on MTGase) production and (3) central composite design (CCD) to optimize the concentration of the key components. The experimental results were fitted to a second-order polynomial model at the 95% level of significance (P -1 , very closely matching the experimental activity of 1.4 U.mL -1 .
PMOS transistors in LPCVD polycrystalline silicon-germanium films (1991)

P-channel MOS thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) polycrystalline silicon-germanium (poly-SiGe) films using either a low-temperature (<or=600 degrees C) process or a high-temperature (up to 950 degrees C) process. Poly-SiGe TFT technology allows the use of lower anneal temperatures and shorter anneal times as compared to a poly-Si TFT technology. The devices fabricated show good transistor characteristics after hydrogenation to reduce the number of electrically active traps in their active channel region.<<ETX>>
R/D optimal linear prediction (2000)

A common technique to extend linear prediction to nonstationary signals is time segmentation: the signal is split into small portions and the modelization is carried out locally. The accuracy of the analysis is, however, dependent on the window size and on the signal characteristics, so that the problem of finding a good segmentation is crucial to the entire modeling scheme. In this paper, we present an algorithm which determines the optimal segmentation with respect to a cost function relating prediction error to modeling cost. The proposed approach casts the problem in a rate/distortion (R/D) framework, whereby the segmentation is implicitly computed while minimizing the modelization distortion for a given modelization cost. The algorithm is implemented by means of dynamic programming and takes the form of a trellis-based Lagrangian minimization. The optimal linear predictor, when applied to speech coding, dramatically reduces the number of bits per second devoted to the modeling parameters in comparison to fixed-window schemes.
CD44 high CD24 low molecular signature determines the Cancer Stem Cell and EMT phenotype in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2016)

Almost all epithelial tumours contain cancer stem-like cells, which possess a unique property of self-renewal and differentiation. In oral cancer, several biomarkers including cell surface molecules have been exploited for the identification of this highly tumorigenic population. Implicit is the role of CD44 in defining CSCs but CD24 is not well-explored. Here we show that CD44(high)CD24(low) cells isolated from the oral cancer cell lines, not only express stem cell related genes but also exhibit Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. This CD44(high)CD24(low) population gives rise to all other cell types upon differentiation. Typical Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) phenotypes like increased colony formation, sphere forming ability, migration and invasion were also confirmed in CD44(high)CD24(low) cells. Drug transporters were found to be over-expressed in CD44(high)CD24(low) sub-population thereby contributing to elevated chemo-resistance. To validate our findings in-vivo, we determined the relative expression of CD44 and CD24 in clinical samples of OSCC patients. CD44 expression was consistently high whereas CD24 showed significantly lower expression in tumour tissues. Further, the gene expression profile of the CSC and non-CSC population unravels the molecular pathways which may contribute to stemness. We conclude that CD44(high)CD24(low) represents cancer stem-like cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport (1999)

Physics knowledge in plasma confinement and transport relevant to design of a reactor-scale tokamak is reviewed and methodologies for projecting confinement properties to ITER are provided. Theoretical approaches to describing a turbulent plasma transport in a tokamak are outlined and phenomenology of major energy confinement regimes observed in tokamaks, including those with edge and internal transport barriers, is described. The chapter is focused on the energy confinement in the high confinement regime (H-mode) with the edge localized MHD modes, the basic operational regime of ITER. Three approaches are being pursued: (i) derivation of empirical global scaling laws; (ii) non-dimensionally similar studies; and (iii) one dimensional transport modelling codes, with the first approach recommended as the most robust at the present time. Special attention is paid to analysis of uncertainties in confinement predictions. Empirical scaling relations for projecting the L-mode to H-mode power threshold based on regression analysis of an extensive database are discussed. Particle and toroidal momentum confinement and their relation to energy confinement are reviewed.
Real Writing, Real Writers: a question of choice (1981)

(1981). Real Writing, Real Writers: a question of choice. English in Education: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1-5.
Misplaced: A Series (2018)

This series of charcoal drawings explores literal and abstract representations of displacement in a given environment.
ULISSE: ULtra Compact Index for Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series (2018)

Data series similarity search is an important operation and at the core of several analysis tasks and applications related to data series collections. Despite the fact that data series indexes enable fast similarity search, all existing indexes can only answer queries of a single length (fixed at index construction time), which is a severe limitation. In this work, we propose ULISSE, the first data series index structure designed for answering similarity search queries of variable length. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we introduce a novel representation technique, which effectively and succinctly summarizes multiple sequences of different length. Based on the proposed index, we describe efficient algorithms for approximate and exact similarity search, combining disk based index visits and in-memory sequential scans. We experimentally evaluate our approach using several synthetic and real datasets. The results show that ULISSE is several times (and up to orders of magnitude) more efficient in terms of both space and time cost, when compared to competing approaches.
Identification and Functional Validation of RAD23B as a Potential Protein in Human Breast Cancer Progression (2014)

Identification of protein targets that play a role in breast cancer invasion may help to understand the rapid progression of cancer and may lead to the development of new biomarkers for the disease. In this study, we compared two highly invasive and two poorly invasive breast cancer cell lines using comparative label-free LC-MS profiling in order to identify differentially expressed proteins that may be linked to the invasive phenotype in vitro. Forty-five proteins were found to be upregulated, and 34 proteins, downregulated. UV excision repair protein RAD23 homologue B (RAD23B) was found among the downregulated proteins in highly invasive breast cancer cell lines. In poorly invasive breast cancer cell lines, siRNA-mediated downregulation of RAD23B subsequently led to an increase in invasion and adhesion in vitro. Immunohistochemistry analysis of 164 specimens of invasive breast cancer showed that having a high percentage (>80%) of RAD23B positive nuclei was significantly associated with histopathological grades 1 and 2 breast cancer and with low mitotic activity. In addition, a high staining intensity for RAD23B in the cytoplasm was significantly associated with histopathological grade 3 breast cancer. This study suggests a potential role of RAD23B in breast cancer progression and may further imply a tumor suppressor role of nuclear RAD23B in breast cancer.
Toward understanding the fundamental mechanisms and properties of the thermal mass flow controller (1991)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. D. Hinkle, C. F. Mariano; Toward understanding the fundamental mechanisms and properties of the thermal mass flow controller. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 May 1991; 9 (3): 2043–2047. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.577452 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
“One-Pot” Preparation of<i>N</i>-Carbamate Protected Amino Acids via the Azide (2004)

A convenient and efficient method for the preparation of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) amino acids is proposed. This method is particularly attractive due to the fact that the reaction sequence Fmoc/Alloc-chloride to Fmoc/Alloc-azide to Fmoc/Alloc-amino acid can readily be carried out in one pot. A further advantage is the minimization of byproducts, which are easily removed during the workup. Most important, this strategy minimizes the formation of dipeptides that are difficult to remove by crystallization. Thus, Fmoc and Alloc amino acids are obtained in high yield (60−90%) and purity as evidenced by thin-layer chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance.1
Ionic Liquid Distribution in Ordered Block Copolymer Solutions (2010)

The distribution of an ionic liquid within microphase-separated domains of a block copolymer in mixtures of the two components is studied using contrast-matched small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In concentrated mixtures of a poly(styrene-block-2-vinyl pyridine) (S2VP) copolymer in an imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([Im][TFSI]) ionic liquid (block copolymer volume fraction ranging from 0.51 to 0.86), the ionic liquid preferentially pervades the poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) blocks. Unexpected differences in the degree of partitioning into P2VP-rich and polystyrene-rich (PS) microphases are observed in mixtures with hydrogenated versus deuterated [Im][TFSI]. In the case of mixtures with hydrogenated [Im][TFSI], the microphase partition coefficient, defined as the ratio of the ionic liquid volume fraction in the PS-rich microphase relative to that in the P2VP-rich microphase, ranges from 0.0 to 0.1. In contrast, the microphase partition coefficient in mixtures with deuterated [Im][TFSI] range from 0.0 to 0.7.
SOI processing by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2002)

A SOI (silicon-on-insulator) process using ELO (epitaxial lateral overgrowth) is presented that can be used not only to create local area SOI islands but full wafer SOI as well. A thin full-wafer SOI structure formed with merged ELO has been demonstrated. With minor modification, this SOI process can be successively repeated to produce multiple layers of SOI for future three-dimensional application, since ELO has the advantages of low-temperature processing, ease of interlayer connection, and low cost. This process produces SOI material of very low defect density by using selective epitaxial growth of silicon as compared to other conventional SOI techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
What are the Characteristics of Non-expert's Questions? And How do Experts Feel about Them? (2011)

Questions raised by lay persons in relation with the Universe were investigated to clarify what they want to know and which aspects of the questions tend to embarrass experts trying to answer them. The seventy percent of questions are about the whole Universe or celestial bodies. In terms of the whole Universe, the beginning, the end, the edge, and the difference from everyday space are the frequently asked. Throughout the raised questions, the mechanisms, origins, and futures are featured rather than definitions or status. Experts are confused when they find questions unexpected or hard to answer. The unexpected questions are based on everyday experiences or misunderstandings, and the questioners point out contradictions among the information through logical extrapolation. The hard questions are with less considerations on whether they are answerable by science. Some of them are neglecting how science is done or what does science target for, while the others are scientific but difficult to answer with the current status of science. The results imply that embarrassing questions from lay persons are the important opportunities to deepen the two-way science communication.
Über den Mechanismus der harnsäureausscheideuden Wirkung des Atophanpräparates (1931)

II.
Binding Studies on a Library of Induced‐Fit Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors with Mannoside Selectivity (2018)

Synthetic carbohydrate receptors could serve as agents for disease detection, drug delivery, or even therapeutics, however, they are rarely used for these applications because they bind weakly and with a preference towards the all-equatorial glucosides that are not prevalent on the cell surface. Herein the binding of 8 receptors with 5 distinct octyloxy pyranosides, which was measured by mass spectrometry and by <sup>1</sup> H NMR titrations in CD<sub>2</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub> at 298 K, is reported, providing binding affinities that vary from ≈10<sup>1</sup> -10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> . Although the receptors are promiscuous, 1 shows selectivity for β-Man at a ratio of 103:1 β-Man:β-Gal, receptors 2-4 and 6 have preference for α-Man, 5 is selective for β-Gal, and 10 prefers α-Glc (Man=mannose; Gal=galactose, Glc=glucose). A variety of 1D and 2D NMR, and computational techniques were used to determine the thermodynamic binding parameters (ΔH<sup>o</sup> and ΔS<sup>o</sup> ) and the structure of the host-guest complex, revealing that dimeric receptor 10 binds β-Man with increased enthalpy, but a larger entropic penalty than 1. The first-principles modelling suggests that 10⋅β-Man forms an inclusion-type complex where the glycan engages both monomeric subunits of 10 through H-bonding and C-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. Like natural glycan-binding proteins, these receptors bind pyranosides by accessing multivalent and cooperative interactions, and these studies suggest a new approach towards biomimetic synthetic carbohydrate receptors, where conformational flexibility and promiscuity are incorporated into design.