gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ICOS-Ligand Triggering Impairs Osteoclast Differentiation and Function In Vitro and In Vivo (2016)

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts (OCs) are involved in the bone production and resorption, which are crucial in bone homeostasis. OC hyperactivation plays a role in the exaggerated bone resorption of diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteolytic tumor metastases. This work stems from the finding that OCs can express B7h (ICOS-Ligand), which is the ligand of the ICOS T cell costimulatory molecule. Because recent reports have shown that, in endothelial, dendritic, and tumor cells, B7h triggering modulates several activities of these cells, we analyzed the effect of B7h triggering by recombinant ICOS-Fc on OC differentiation and function. The results showed that ICOS-Fc inhibits RANKL-mediated differentiation of human monocyte-derived OC-like cells (MDOCs) by inhibiting the acquirement of the OC morphology, the CD14<sup>-</sup> cathepsin K<sup>+</sup> phenotype, and the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, OSCAR, NFATc1, and DC-STAMP. Moreover, ICOS-Fc induces a reversible decrease in the sizes of cells and nuclei and cathepsin K expression in mature MDOCs. Finally, ICOS-Fc inhibits the osteolytic activities of MDOCs in vitro and the development of bone loss in ovariectomized or soluble RANKL-treated mice. These findings open a novel field in the pharmacological use of agonists and antagonists of the ICOS-B7h system.
The use of mobile positioning supported traffic density measurements to assist load balancing methods based on adaptive cell sizing (2003)

Traffic loads and local user densities in mobile radio networks vary, resulting in temporarily overloaded cells. To reduce their call or handover blocking rates, three basic methods of balancing the spatial traffic load am presented. The key principle is to modify the coverage area of radio cells: Adapting the handover hysteresis, a threshold used at call setup, that balances the reception power levels used for the decision in which cell to book in, changing the beam widths of the BCCH- or pilot carrier (sector characteristic) in a system with smart antennas. A management architecture is introduced to solve the network optimisation problem, based on quality and traffic measurements This architecture is extended to include interfaces to a mobile positioning system with the goal to support traffic measurements in real environments.
Research on Data Mining Algorithm Based on Improved Association Rule (2012)

Apriori algorithm is a classical mining association rules algorithm,it completes work of frequent mode mining by using method of iteration for each layer,but it can produce many problems,for instance,huge candidate itemsets and large I/O expense,this paper puts forward an improved algorithm based on matrix association rule algorithm.Compared with Apriori algorithm,this algorithm can get k-frequent itemsets directly after scanning database only once,when the quantity of frequent itemsets are large,the algorithm has higher efficiency,therefore,it has more feasibility in the case of a large amount of data.
The theory and design of cycloconverters (1972)

This is the first definitive treatment of an analytically complex type of electric power converter (cycloconverter) operating between ac sources and loads, where the output frequency can be independently controlled from the input frequency.Currently, there is much interest in applying cycloconverters to the special control of ac motors and to aircraft electrical systems; however, progress has been limited by lack of good technical information. This book provides an immeasurable service in that the author's theory is sufficiently detailed to allow accurate performance evaluation, design calculations, and cost projections. Moreover, he has culled an extensive, coherent bibliography from the scattered literature in the field.A cycloconverter of the naturally commutated type is essentially a pair of phase-controlled rectifiers connected in inverse parallel. Modulation of these converters to provide ac power at a lower frequency than the source frequency greatly complicates the analysis of their behavior. McMurray treats various effects of the modulation in theoretical detail and shows how the resulting equations can be used for accurate performance and design calculations. His analysis of the cycloconverter is based on the classical equations of a phase-controlled rectifier operating with continuous load current. The general algebraic form of the equations, which are applicable to many different circuit configurations, is retained throughout the book. It also presents in tabular and graphical form the results of numerical integration of corresponding rectifier equations, required in calculating many cycloconverter performance factors.This is the fourth monograph in the series Modern Electrical Technology, edited by Alexander Kusko.
<title>Architectural considerations for linear-camera vision systems</title> (1992)

While linear cameras offer substantial advantages over standard television cameras for many vision applications, the lack of suitable high-performance image-processing hardware has significantly limited their potential benefits. Very powerful image-processing hardware is available for matrix cameras and, although many of these systems have provisions for interfacing to linear cameras, they restrict the inherent flexibility and power of linear cameras. The very large images and high data rates associated with linear cameras impose significant processing problems with existing linear-camera hardware designs with their very limited processing capability. Hence, a highly desirable objective is new hardware that will provide significantly improved processing capability without the need for frame buffers with their inherent restrictions on image size and format. A variety of approaches are being evaluated for enhancing linear-camera processing architectures using processing power, cost effectiveness, flexibility, and ease of programming as the primary criteria.
The Photovoltaic Effect. (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Photovoltaic Effect.A. Wallace. Copeland, Otis D. Black, and A. B. GarrettCite this: Chem. Rev. 1942, 31, 1, 177–226Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60098a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60098a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3489Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blueberries’ Impact on Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance (2016)

Blueberries are a rich source of polyphenols, which include anthocyanin bioactive compounds. Epidemiological evidence indicates that incorporating blueberries into the diet may lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These findings are supported by pre-clinical and clinical studies that have shown improvements in insulin resistance (i.e., increased insulin sensitivity) after obese and insulin-resistant rodents or humans consumed blueberries. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin tolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Additionally, the improvements in glucose tolerance after blueberry consumption were assessed by glucose tolerance tests. However, firm conclusions regarding the anti-diabetic effect of blueberries cannot be drawn due to the small number of existing clinical studies. Although the current evidence is promising, more long-term, randomized, and placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the role of blueberries in preventing or delaying T2DM.
Depletion of CCR5-Expressing Cells with Bispecific Antibodies and Chemokine Toxins: A New Strategy in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and HIV (2001)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 is expressed on the majority of T cells and monocytes in the inflammatory infiltrate of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, renal diseases, and multiple sclerosis. In contrast, little expression of CCR5 is found on peripheral blood leukocytes. A specific depletion of CCR5(+) cells could therefore be a useful strategy to reduce the cellular infiltrate in chronic inflammations. Moreover, CCR5 is the major coreceptor for M-tropic HIV-1 strains. Depletion of CCR5(+) leukocytes may help to eliminate cells latently infected with HIV-1. We designed two constructs that specifically destroy chemokine receptor-positive cells. The first construct, a bispecific Ab, binds simultaneously to CCR5 and CD3. Thereby it redirects CD3(+) T cells against CCR5(+) target cells. The Ab specifically depletes CCR5(+) T cells and monocytes, but is inactive against cells that do not express CCR5. Furthermore, ex vivo the bispecific Ab eliminated >95% of CCR5(+) monocytes and T cells from the synovial fluid of patients with arthritis. Also, we designed a fusion protein of the chemokine RANTES and a truncated version of Pseudomonas. exotoxin A. The fusion protein binds to CCR5 and down-modulates the receptor from the cell surface. The chemokine toxin completely destroyed CCR5(+) Chinese hamster ovary cells at a concentration of 10 nM, whereas no cytotoxic effect was detectable against CCR5(-) Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both constructs efficiently deplete CCR5-positive cells, appear as useful agents in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, and may help to eradicate HIV-1 by increasing the turnover of latently infected cells.
PPP in X.25 (1994)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard method for
transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. This
document describes the use of X.25 for framing PPP encapsulated
packets. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
On the Sensitivity of Wall Stresses in Diseased Arteries to Variable Material Properties (2003)

Accurate estimates of stress in an atherosclerotic lesion require knowledge of the material properties of its components (e.g., normal wall, fibrous plaque, calcified regions, lipid pools) that can only be approximated. This leads to considerable uncertainty in these computational predictions. A study was conducted to test the sensitivity of predicted levels of stress and strain to the parameter values of plaque used in finite element analysis. Results show that the stresses within the arterial wall, fibrous plaque, calcified plaque, and lipid pool have low sensitivities for variation in the elastic modulus. Even a +/- 50% variation in elastic modulus leads to less than a 10% change in stress at the site of rupture. Sensitivity to variations in elastic modulus is comparable between isotropic nonlinear, isotropic nonlinear with residual strains, and transversely isotropic linear models. Therefore, stress analysis may be used with confidence that uncertainty in the material properties generates relatively small errors in the prediction of wall stresses. Either isotropic nonlinear or anisotropic linear models provide useful estimates, however the predictions in regions of stress concentration (e.g., the site of rupture) are somewhat more sensitive to the specific model used, increasing by up to 30% from the isotropic nonlinear to orthotropic model in the present example. Changes resulting from the introduction of residual stresses are much smaller.
A “gridless” variable-width channel router for marco cell design (1987)

In this paper, we present a channel router especially designed for routing macro cells. The router routes variable-width pins with wires of any width. Although the router uses a routing grid internally, it acts like it is completely gridless to the user. Pins along the top and the bottom edges of the channel can be at any X-location, and the router uses a channel compactor to compact all horizontal segments vertically. The router allows pins to be on either of the two routing layers. If all the power pins are on the same layer, the router routes the whole power bus in one single layer. It handles non-rectangular channels with highly irregular heights, and it also handles cyclic vertical constraints. Finally, the router has been tested with a number of industrial circuits.
A novel antenna beam switching technique on mobile devices for MIMO applications (2012)

In this article we will introduce an antenna structure with reconfigurable pattern, which comprising an active antenna and current draggers. We treat the antenna ground as a part of the radiator. Therefore, controlling the Rf current on antenna ground can manipulate the radiation pattern of the antenna. The current dragger, which intrinsically is a kind of pseudo antenna or a low-Q resonator, is installed on the antenna ground. With a controller and switches, we can change the rf current distribution by enabling or disabling the current draggers. It was confirmed that by changing the control current to the switches, the main beam direction of the antenna can be switched in the azimuthal plane. The antenna was fabricated and measured and the results for the return losses show reasonable agreement.
Real-Time Monitoring of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis by Schlieren Optics (1987)

A modernized schlieren optics was applied to follow protein bands visually during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A band containing as little as 0.3 microgram of a protein could be detected. Besides the protein bands, usually overlooked phenomena such as boundary migration of the buffer components could be visualized. As an example, electrophoretic patterns thus obtained for SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system are presented. The use of a split-type colored filter was found to be useful for coloring a particular location on the gel red or blue depending on the sign of the refractive index gradient. This means of detection also seems useful in that, firstly, it makes electrophoretic mobility measurement more quantitative and, secondly, it allows localization of a protein band and sampling in the intact state.
Cloning of a phenazine biosynthetic locus of Pseudomonas aureofaciens PGS12 and analysis of its expression in vitro with the ice nucleation reporter gene (1994)

Pseudomonas aureofaciens PGS12 produces three phenazine antibiotics, in addition to siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, pyrrolnitrin, and indoleacetic acid. Tn5-259.7 transposon mutagenesis was carried out to identify and clone a chromosomal locus involved in phenazine biosynthesis. Three classes of mutants were obtained: mutants deficient in phenazine production (Phz-), mutants deficient in hydrogen cyanide production (HCN-), and mutants deficient in the production of both compounds. EcoRI DNA fragments that contained the transposon and flanking regions were cloned from three mutants with single-transposon insertions, one from each phenotypic class. Phenazine and hydrogen cyanide production was restored by complementation of Phz- or HCN- mutants with selected cosmids from a PGS12 genomic library. No cosmids that complemented the doubly deficient Phz-HCN- mutant were obtained. A promoterless ice nucleation reporter gene was inserted in a phenazine biosynthetic locus by Tn3-spice transposon mutagenesis of a cosmid which complemented a phenazine-minus mutant. Reporter gene fusions that expressed the ice nucleation phenotype and no longer complemented phenazine production were introduced into the PGS12 chromosome by marker exchange. The expression of this locus was then monitored under different culture conditions. Expression decreased at pH levels below 7, and it was not affected by iron. Shikimic acid and phenylalanine favored higher expression levels. Expression was reduced in media with low substrate concentrations, indicating the importance of nutrient availability.
Vulvar and penile HPV lesions: laser surgery and topic anaesthesia. (1993)

Treatment of genital warts (HPV lesions) by Laser-surgery was performed in 90 patients and 90 male partners under topical anaesthesia with 1-3 gr EMLA cream and in 45 patients and 45 males (control groups) under 1-2 ml 2% Carbocaine infiltration. EMLA cream was applied to warts 5-18 minutes (median = 7) before operation. Pain from application of anaesthetic and Laser surgery was significantly less (p < .001) in the groups treated by EMLA. Side effects were minimal in the EMLA groups. The results suggest that EMLA cream could be the anaesthetic of choice in Laser surgery of genital warts.
Characterization of a <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> Variant Strain by Molecular Techniques (2001)

This paper describes a Mycobacterium intracellulare variant strain causing an unusual infection. Several isolates obtained from an immunocompromised patient were identified as members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) by the commercial AccuProbe system and biochemical standard identification. Further molecular approaches were undertaken for a more accurate characterization of the bacteria. Up to seven different genomic sequences were analyzed, ranging from conserved mycobacterial genes such as 16S ribosomal DNA to MAC-specific genes such as mig (macrophage-induced gene). The results obtained identify the isolates as a variant of M. intracellulare, an example of the internal variability described for members of the MAC, particularly within that species. The application of other molecular approaches is recommended for more accurate identification of bacteria described as MAC members.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Spirolactones and γ‐Spirolactams. Diels‐Alder Adducts Based on a 9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene Structure. (1990)

Abstract The Diels‐Alder adduct (I) is lithiated and subsequently treated with the α,ω‐dibromides (II) to give the bromides (III) which react with ammonia (IV), forming the lactames (V).
A Reconfigurable TAF-DPS Frequency Synthesizer on FPGA Achieving 2 ppb Frequency Granularity and Two-Cycle Switching Speed (2016)

Frequency synthesizer is a key component used in electronic systems. Two important features for judging its performance are frequency granularity and frequency switching speed. In this paper, a synthesizer built on the principle of time-average-frequency (TAF) is implemented on an FPGA system. The synthesizer is constructed entirely on the FPGA's configurable elements. The granularity is measured as 2 ppb; the frequency switching speed is experimentally illustrated as two cycles. The configuration of the synthesizer can be adjusted in the field for accommodating various performance versus cost scenarios. The aim of this paper is to provide a field-programmable frequency generator as a handy tool to FPGA users, to enable user create innovations at application level. The key contributions are the 2 ppb frequency granularity and the reconfigurable implementation of the time-average-frequency direct period synthesis (TAF-DPS) synthesizer on FPGA.
Induction of pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. (1978)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [indoleamine: oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)] activity in the supernatant fraction (30,000 X g, 30 min) of the mice lung homogenate increased approximately 30- to 50-fold after an intraperitoneal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In all other tissues tested, no significant increase in enzyme activity was observed. The effect appeared to be specific for the lipopolysaccharide fraction because glycogen and zymosan were almost ineffective under the same experimental conditions. In the lung, the enzyme activity increased almost linearly during the first 24 hr after a single injection of the lipopolysaccharide fraction (20 microgram per mouse). The enzyme activity started to decrease after 48 hr and reached a normal value after about 6 days. The increase in enzyme activity was completely abolished by cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Other enzymes in the lung such as beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and monoamine oxidase did not change significantly with this treatment.
LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Waveguide Devices (1993)

Electro-optic waveguide switches and modulators, using LiNbO3 crystal, which are the key components in the future optical communication systems, are reviwed. The advantages of the Titanium diffused waveguides include, no degradation of electro-optic effect, low propagation loss, low fiber-coupling loss and ease of fabricaiton. The operating principles and general design considerations of directional couplers switches, cross waveguide switches and balanced-bridge type switches are briefly reviewed. The design and development considerations of a simple polarization independent switch with low drive voltage for OTDR applications, is described. Optical matrix switches for photonic switching systems and optical modulators for high speed optical communication systems are also briefly reviewed.
SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 and Focal Adhesion Kinase Protein Interactions Regulate Pulmonary Endothelium Barrier Function (2014)

Enhanced protein tyrosine phosphorylation is associated with changes in vascular permeability through formation and dissolution of adherens junctions and regulation of stress fiber formation. Inhibition of the protein tyrosine phosphorylase SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) increases tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin and β-catenin, resulting in disruption of the endothelial monolayer and edema formation in the pulmonary endothelium. Vascular permeability is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI); thus, enhanced SHP2 activity offers potential therapeutic value for the pulmonary vasculature in diseases such as ALI, but this has not been characterized. To assess whether SHP2 activity mediates protection against edema in the endothelium, we assessed the effect of molecular activation of SHP2 on lung endothelial barrier function in response to the edemagenic agents LPS and thrombin. Both LPS and thrombin reduced SHP2 activity, correlated with decreased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation (Y(397) and Y(925)) and diminished SHP2 protein-protein associations with FAK. Overexpression of constitutively active SHP2 (SHP2(D61A)) enhanced baseline endothelial monolayer resistance and completely blocked LPS- and thrombin-induced permeability in vitro and significantly blunted pulmonary edema formation induced by either endotoxin (LPS) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposure in vivo. Chemical inhibition of FAK decreased SHP2 protein-protein interactions with FAK concomitant with increased permeability; however, overexpression of SHP2(D61A) rescued the endothelium and maintained FAK activity and FAK-SHP2 protein interactions. Our data suggest that SHP2 activation offers the pulmonary endothelium protection against barrier permeability mediators downstream of the FAK signaling pathway. We postulate that further studies into the promotion of SHP2 activation in the pulmonary endothelium may offer a therapeutic approach for patients suffering from ALI.