gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A sexually dimorphic effect of cholera toxin: rapid changes in colonic motility mediated via a 5‐HT<sub>3</sub> receptor‐dependent pathway in female C57Bl/6 mice (2016)

Extensive studies of the mechanisms responsible for the hypersecretion produced by cholera toxin (CT) have shown that this toxin produces a massive over-activation of enteric neural secretomotor circuits. The effects of CT on gastrointestinal motility, however, have not been adequately characterized. We investigated effects of luminal CT on neurally mediated motor activity in ex vivo male and female mouse full length colon preparations. We used video recording and spatiotemporal maps of contractile activity to quantify colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and resting colonic diameter. We compared effects of CT in female colon from wild-type and mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1KO). We also compared CMMCs in colons of female mice in oestrus with those in prooestrus. In female (but not male) colon, CT rapidly, reversibly and concentration-dependently inhibits CMMC frequency and induces a tonic constriction. These effects were blocked by granisetron (5-HT3 antagonist) and were absent from TPH1KO females. CT effects were prominent at oestrus but absent at prooestrus. The number of EC cells containing immunohistochemically demonstrable serotonin (5-HT) was 30% greater in female mice during oestrus than during prooestrus or in males. We conclude that CT inhibits CMMCs via release of mucosal 5-HT, which activates an inhibitory pathway involving 5-HT3 receptors. This effect is sex- and oestrous cycle-dependent and is probably due to an oestrous cycle-dependent change in the number of 5-HT-containing EC cells in the colonic mucosa.
Recent advances in understanding provoked vestibulodynia (2016)

Vulvodynia refers to pain in the vulva of at least 3 months' duration in the absence of a recognized underlying cause. Provoked, localized vestibulodynia is the term used to describe superficial pain confined to the vulvar vestibule, provoked by touch. This review will focus on provoked vestibulodynia with regard to its suggested causative factors and will discuss the role of inflammation, vulvovaginal infections, mucosal nerve fiber proliferation, hormonal associations, central pain mechanisms, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinical observations, epidemiological studies, and data from basic research emphasize the heterogeneity of vulvar pain syndromes. There is a critical need to perform prospective, longitudinal studies that will allow better diagnostic criteria and subgrouping of patients that would lead to improvements in our understanding of provoked vestibulodynia and its treatment.
Automatic discovery of regulatory patterns in promoter regions based on whole cell expression data and functional annotation (2000)

Upon request.
Birds vs. Fish: Visualizing Out-of-View Objects in Augmented Reality using 3D Minimaps (2019)

Despite recent technological advanced in Augmented Reality (AR), the majority of state-of-the-art head-mounted displays (HMDs) still suffers from a limited field of view. Hence, there is a high probability that virtual objects are located outside of the user's view. Several approaches to mitigate the problem of out-of-view objects have been proposed in the past by using visualization techniques to guide the user's attention towards such objects. However, none of these techniques provides any context about the real environment. Current state-of-the-art HMDs are equipped with various sensors to create a 3D map of the environment. In this work, we leverage such 3D reconstructions and developed a set of different 3D minimap visualizations for conveying information about out-of-view objects in AR. We propose a novel kind of minimap using stereographic fisheye projection and compare it to more traditional, bird's-eye view minimaps. Preliminary results show that our stereographic fisheye minimap offers a set of distinct advantages over bird's-eye view minimaps that facilitate the localization of virtual objects in AR environments.
Distribution of local 137Cs anomalies on the seafloor near the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (2013)

An estimated 3.5±0.7×10(15) Bq of (137)Cs is thought to have been discharged into the ocean following the melt down at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1NPP). While efforts have been made to monitor seafloor radiation levels, the sampling techniques used cannot capture the continuous distribution of radionuclides. In this work, we apply in situ measurement techniques using a towed gamma ray spectrometer to map the continuous distribution of (137)Cs on the seafloor within 20 km of the F1NPP. The results reveal the existence of local (137)Cs anomalies, with levels of (137)Cs an order of magnitude higher than the surrounding seafloors. The sizes of the anomalies mapped in this work range from a few meters to a few hundreds of meters in length, and it is demonstrated that the distribution of these anomalies is strongly influenced by meter scale features of the terrain.
New Aspects of Cellulose Nanofibers (2008)

最近のナノテクノロジーの著しい進歩は，さまざまな材料創製の概念を変えてきた。天然素材においても，その影響は大きい。植物体の骨格を形成しているセルロースや昆虫や甲殻類の外皮の主成分であるキチンなどのいわゆるバイオマス資源は，もともとナノファイバーから高次の構造へと天然ビルドアッププロセスにより，その構造が構築されている。そのような構造ができあがっている天然素材を，有効に用い，しかも自然にやさしいプロセスでナノ機能素材へと変換する試みが21世紀に入って急速に展開してきた。本稿では，最近のセルロースナノファイバーの潮流について，その基礎から展開までの概略を述べる。また最近，著者らも，トップダウン的加工法として，天然セルロース繊維を表面から分子やナノレベルの分子集合体を引き剥がすことにより微細化し，最終的にナノ分散水化させる水中カウンターコリジョン法を開発した。この手法についても併せて紹介する。
[Effect of alpha-acidic glycoprotein on oxyproline metabolism in experimental thermal trauma]. (1992)

alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein, isolated from human blood plasma, was shown to accelerate healing of burn wounds in rats and to increase daily urine excretion. The glycoprotein restricted an elevation of the peptide-bound hydroxyproline in blood plasma, decreased the ratio between peptide-bound and free hydroxyproline within all the periods of experiment during 3 weeks as well as stimulated hydroxyproline excretion with urine at the step of active reparation of burn wounds. The glycoprotein appears to protect connective tissue metabolism in burns.
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC OLIGOPEPTIDES ON OSTEOPOROSIS (2002)

The objective of this study was to establish the solution method of GHRPS, the synthetic oligopeptides Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH2, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-NH2, and Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-OH, to verify their effect on osteoporosis. Male ICR mice (20+/-2 g) were used. The intramuscular injection dose of 6.3 mg/kg prednisone induced a significant decrease of body and femur weight of the animals. The subcutaneous injection dose of 18 microg/kg synthetic peptide was not effective to prevent the decrease of body and femur weight of the animals. The subcutaneous injection dose of 6.3 mg/kg prednisone elicited a decrease in content of femur calcium and in the level of serum calcium of the animals. The subcutaneous injection dose of 18 microg/kg Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH2, or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH, or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-NH2 significantly increased the content of femur calcium and decreased the level of serum calcium of the animals. It was also observed that the subcutaneous injection dose of 18 microg/kg Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-OH, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 significantly increased the content of femur phosphorous and decreased the activity of ALP of the animals.
Two Years after Pandemic Influenza A/2009/H1N1: What Have We Learned? (2012)

The world had been anticipating another influenza pandemic since the last one in 1968. The pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 virus (A/2009/H1N1) finally arrived, causing the first pandemic influenza of the new millennium, which has affected over 214 countries and caused over 18,449 deaths. Because of the persistent threat from the A/H5N1 virus since 1997 and the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in 2003, medical and scientific communities have been more prepared in mindset and infrastructure. This preparedness has allowed for rapid and effective research on the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, immunological, virological, and other basic scientific aspects of the disease, with impacts on its control. A PubMed search using the keywords "pandemic influenza virus H1N1 2009" yielded over 2,500 publications, which markedly exceeded the number published on previous pandemics. Only representative works with relevance to clinical microbiology and infectious diseases are reviewed in this article. A significant increase in the understanding of this virus and the disease within such a short amount of time has allowed for the timely development of diagnostic tests, treatments, and preventive measures. These findings could prove useful for future randomized controlled clinical trials and the epidemiological control of future pandemics.
Robust Hydroxide Ion Conducting Poly(biphenyl alkylene)s for Alkaline Fuel Cell Membranes (2015)

High molecular weight, quaternary ammonium-tethered poly(biphenyl alkylene)s without alkaline labile C-O bonds were synthesized via acid-catalyzed polycondensation reactions for the first time. Ion-exchange capacity was conveniently controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of two ketone monomers in the polymerization. The resultant anion exchange membranes showed high hydroxide ion conductivity up to 120 mS/cm and excellent alkaline stability at 80 °C. This study provides a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of anion exchange membranes with robust fuel cell performance and excellent stability.
Absorption of amino acids and peptides from a complex mixture in the isolated small intestine of the rat. (1975)

Amino acid and peptide absorption from a pancreatic digest of casein at low concentration by an isolated preparation of perfused rat small intestine has been measured. 2. The rate of absorption of each amino acid (free or peptide-bound) is closely proportional to its concentration in the perfusate; this implies a constant Vmax/Km ration for all amino acids in the mixture. 3. There is a high correlation between the compositions of luminal perfusate and secretion into the tissue fluid (apart from the content of glutamic and aspartic acids and alanine). 4. The concentrations of each free amino acid are, on average, 9 times as great in secretion as in lumen; the total peptide-N concentration in secretion is approximately 4 times that in the lumen. 5. The rate of absorption of each free amino acid is highly negatively dependent on the rate of absorption of that amino acid in peptide-bound form, in addition to being positively dependent on the perfusate concentration of free amino acid. 6. While peptide-bound proline appears to be well absorbed, free proline liberated by hydrolysis appears to pass back into the lumen as well as into the tissue fluid. Substantial back flux of hydrolysis products may occur for all amino acids. 7. About one-third of the amino acids appearing in the secretion on the serosal surface are peptide-bound. 8. The rate of absorption of peptides appears to determine the rate of their hydrolysis which probably occurs mainly after entry into the mucosal cells.
Efficient identification of coupled entities in document collections (2010)

The relentless pace at which textual data are generated on-line necessitates novel paradigms for their understanding and exploration. To this end, we introduce a methodology for discovering strong entity associations in all the slices (meta-data value restrictions) of a document collection. Since related documents mention approximately the same group of core entities (people, locations, etc.), the groups of coupled entities discovered can be used to expose themes in the document collection. We devise and evaluate algorithms capable of addressing two flavors of our core problem: algorithm THR-ENT for computing all sufficiently strong entity associations and algorithm TOP-ENT for computing the top-k strongest entity associations, for each slice of the document collection.
Defining Criteria for Anti-Mannan Antibodies to Protect Against Candidiasis (2005)

Prevention of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis and mucocutaneous disease, including Candida vaginitis, through immunological approaches is appealing for the following reason. A long-acting and safe vaccine that protects against both serotypes of Candida albicans and other important species, such as C. tropicalis and C. glabrata, should significantly reduce the incidence of various forms of candidiasis by these etiologic agents. Through extensive experimentation on protective responses in experimental animals against Candida mannan components, others and we have evidence that antibodies specific for short-chain beta-linked oligomannosides are protective against candidiasis. Although the mechanism of protection against vaginal infection requires further investigation, experimentally the ability of antibody to rapidly deposit high amounts of complement factor C3 onto the yeast cell wall is requisite for enhancing resistance against disseminated candidiasis.
Antenna with a reduced ground plane size (2003)

Small size antennas are an important consideration for today's wireless personal communication systems. Microstrip antennas are good candidates for these systems. Ground plane size reduction is becoming more important given the limited area available on the intended device. Truncating the ground plane has adverse effects on the antenna. This paper shows these effects and presents the design of a new antenna type that uses nonplanar rings. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that excellent size reduction is obtained while at the same time achieving good gain and radiation characteristics.
Detecting interpretable and accurate scale-invariant keypoints (2009)

This paper presents a novel method for detecting scale invariant keypoints. It fills a gap in the set of available methods, as it proposes a scale-selection mechanism for junction-type features. The method is a scale-space extension of the detector proposed by Förstner (1994) and uses the general spiral feature model of Bigün (1990) to unify different types of features within the same framework. By locally optimising the consistency of image regions with respect to the spiral model, we are able to detect and classify image structures with complementary properties over scale-space, especially star and circular shapes as interpretable and identifiable subclasses. Our motivation comes from calibrating images of structured scenes with poor texture, where blob detectors alone cannot find sufficiently many keypoints, while existing corner detectors fail due to the lack of scale invariance. The procedure can be controlled by semantically clear parameters. One obtains a set of keypoints with position, scale, type and consistency measure. We characterise the detector and show results on common benchmarks. It competes in repeatability with the Lowe detector, but finds more stable keypoints in poorly textured areas, and shows comparable or higher accuracy than other recent detectors. This makes it useful for both object recognition and camera calibration.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the glutaminyl cyclase from<i>Carica papaya</i>latex (2004)

In living systems, the intramolecular cyclization of N-terminal glutamine residues is accomplished by glutaminyl cyclase enzymes (EC 2.3.2.5). While in mammals these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of hormonal and neurotransmitter peptides, the physiological role played by the corresponding plant enzymes still remains to be unravelled. Papaya glutaminyl cyclase (PQC), a 33 kDa enzyme found in the latex of the tropical tree Carica papaya, displays an exceptional resistance to chemical and thermal denaturation as well as to proteolysis. In order to elucidate its enzymatic mechanism and to gain insights into the structural determinants underlying its remarkable stability, PQC was isolated from papaya latex, purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 62.82, b = 81.23, c = 108.17 A and two molecules per asymmetric unit. Diffraction data have been collected at ESRF beamline BM14 and processed to a resolution of 1.7 A.
Design TeamMate (2010)

Traditional desktop computers are known to offer insufficient functionality to designers. They are often complemented by pen-based tablet devices in order to better support key activities such as sketching and modeling. However, even such extended systems are restricted, as they insufficiently support other key activities of individual designers and design teams, such as collecting and sorting inspirational material, viewing and manipulating 3D models, brainstorming, discussing or presenting. Advanced visual interfaces, such as augmented surfaces, have been proposed as being potentially complimentary in this respect, as they can support multi-user interaction, bimanual interaction (even in 3D), and a better integration between physical and digital media. In this paper, we present Design TeamMate, a system in which individual workstations of designers are fluently integrated with an augmented tabletop and wall display. We discuss how this platform can support a wide range of individual and group design activities.
An experimental and modeling study of softening coal pyrolysis (1989)

Abstract A quantitative model of softening coal pryolysis is developed and tested against observed behavior. The model treats intraparticle transport of gases and metaplast throughout the softening stage of pyrolysis via growth of bubbles uniformly dispersed in the molten coal. The model quantitatively describes the transient softening behavior including the initiation, duration, and magnitude of plasticity and swelling of the particle. The model kinetic parameters are derived from experiments, in which a highly softening Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coal was pyrolyzed, and total weight loss, and yields and molecular weight distributions of tars and pyridine extractables of cooled chars were measured. Model predictions of effects of pressure, particle diameter and temperature on tar yields and weight losses, of effects of pressure on swelling ratio, and of effects of heating rate on plasticity are presented. The model provides good fits to the laboratory data and predicts trends in pyrolysis behavior in good qualitative accord with expectations based on published data.
CloudSimSDN: Modeling and Simulation of Software-Defined Cloud Data Centers (2015)

Software-Defined Networking not only addresses the shortcoming of traditional network technologies in dealing with frequent and immediate changes in cloud data centers but also made network resource management open and innovation-friendly. To further accelerate the innovation pace, accessible and easy-to-learn testbeds are required which estimate and measure the performance of network and host capacity provisioning approaches simultaneously within a data center. This is a challenging task and is often costly if accomplished in a physical environment. Thus, a lightweight and scalable simulation environment is necessary to evaluate the network allocation capacity policies while avoiding such a complicated and expensive facility. This paper introduces CloudSimSDN, a simulation framework for SDN-enabled cloud environments based on CloudSim. This paper develops and presents the overall architecture and features of the framework and provides several use cases. Moreover, we empirically validate the accuracy and effectiveness of CloudSimSDN through a number of simulations of a cloud-based three-tier web application.
Interleukin-6: the missing element of the neurocognitive deterioration in schizophrenia? The focus on genetic underpinnings, cognitive impairment and clinical manifestation (2014)

The influence of the immune system deregulation on the risk of schizophrenia is increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level together with the polymorphism in its gene (IL6 -174G/C) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels on clinical manifestation and cognition in schizophrenia patients. We recruited 151 patients with schizophrenia and 194 healthy control subjects. Psychopathology was evaluated using Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness checklist, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Scales for Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms. Cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients was assessed using following tests: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Tests, Stroop and subscales from Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale-R-Pl (Similarities, Digit Symbol Coding, Digit Span Forward and Backward). Serum IL-6 and hsCRP levels were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy controls. Both hsCRP and IL-6 levels were associated with insidious psychosis onset, duration of illness and chronic schizophrenia course with deterioration. After adjustment for age, education level, number of years of completed education, illness duration, total PANSS score, depression severity and chlorpromazine equivalent, there was still a positive association between IL-6 and hsCRP levels and worse cognitive performance. The IL6 -174G/C polymorphism did not influence IL-6 level, but it was associated with the severity of positive symptoms. Our results suggest that elevated IL-6 levels may play the role in cognitive impairment and serve as potential inflammatory biomarker of deterioration in schizophrenia.
α-Klotho: A Regulator That Integrates Calcium Homeostasis (2007)

Intensive study on calcium homeostasis regulation over the past several decades has established a systematized construal of its role in living phenomena, leaving us with the impression that this field is fairly defined and understood. However, the unveiling of the molecular function of alpha-Klotho has recently given new insight into this field. alpha-Klotho is a unique molecule that plays pivotal roles in: (i) the rapid tuning of extracellular Ca(2+) concentration through transepithelial Ca(2+) transport; (ii) parathyroid hormone secretion and subsequent Ca(2+) increase in the serum, and (iii) the signal transduction of FGF23 that adjusts the calcium concentration by downregulating the production of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Through these pathways, alpha-Klotho participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis of the CSF and blood/body fluids by its actions in the choroid plexus, parathyroid glands and DCT nephrons. In this regard, alpha-Klotho is a key player that integrates 'a multi-step regulatory system of calcium homeostasis' that rapidly adjusts the extracellular calcium concentration and continuously maintains its concentration within a narrow physiological range.