gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-by-wire vehicle prototype: a steer-by-wire system with geared PM coreless motors (2009)

In the design of a Steer-by-Wire system, either direct drive motors or geared motors are used, independently of the motor type. Gearboxes allow for changes in the motor’s torque and speed ranges, thus enabling the motor to function at its best operating ranges. As a consequence smaller motors can be used. Nevertheless, gearboxes introduce nonlinearities to the system such as friction, backlash and flexibility. If a motor with a gearbox is selected for the driver’s feedback system or for the rack and pinion steering system, a controller is required to compensate for these gearbox drawbacks as well as the drawbacks associated with the motor’s amplifier. The design of such a controller requires the comprehensive knowledge of the system’s dynamics. In this paper, an accurate model of the amplifier-motor-gearbox assembly for the driver’s feedback system is presented. This system is composed of a two stage planetary gearbox, a coreless PMDC motor and a four quadrant linear amplifier. The amplifier was modeled as a PI current controller. Both the electrical and the mechanical components of the PMDC motor were built in the model. Friction within both the motor and the gearbox are taken into account using a modification of the LuGre friction model that allows for friction to be considered load-dependent. Backlash and flexibility in the gearbox are modeled together using a fifth order polynomial for each rotational direction. Comparisons between simulations and the experimental data for three typical driving situations show that the model is highly accurate at representing real system dynamics.
Erratum: “Infinite basis limits in electronic structure theory” [J. Chem. Phys. <b>111</b>, 2921 (1999)] (2000)

First Page
Macular Degeneration (1988)

Although the disciform type of senile macular degeneration (SMD) was first recognized in the last century, 1 it was considered an uncommon condition; as recently as 1939, only 130 cases were reported in the literature. 2 The clinical evolution of SMD was not understood, and concepts were based on morphologic findings of advanced cases. Hemorrhage in the subretinal space was recognized as an important feature, 3 but neovascularization was thought to be secondary to fibrovascular organization of the blood. 4 Although the term senile macular degeneration has been used since Haab 5 in 1885 first described the clinical entity of pigmentary and atrophic changes in the macula, the close relationship between macular drusen 6 and disciform macular degeneration was generally overlooked. 7 See also p 192. With the development of fluorescein fundus angiography, the evolution and morphology of SMD can be demonstrated during the lifetime of the patient. Utilizing this
Evaluation and Exploitation of Crossbreeding in Dairy Cattle (1992)

Abstract Given appropriate genetic resources, there is a range of approaches that can be taken to exploit crossbreeding in dairy cattle. These all require animal evaluation in a procedure that accommodates the genetic mechanisms causing heterosis and the effect of mate genotype on progeny merit. For each characteristic measured, expression in each crossbred type can be considered as a different trait and a multitrait model fitted for predicting a range of proofs, one for each candidate mate genotype. Implementation of mate selection based on these evaluations can be carried out to yield a sensible “fine structure” of program design (optimally exploiting crossing and selection effects) within a chosen “coarse structure” of program design (such as four-pathway design or multiple ovulation and embryo transfer design). Future developments may yield mate selection strategies that also generate such coarse structure designs, accommodating benefits of assortative mating, appropriate progeny testing, avoidance of inbreeding, attention to genetic connection between breeds, herds, and countries, and other animal breeding issues of importance.
Energy Level Engineering of Donor Polymers via Inductive and Resonance Effects for Polymer Solar Cells: Effects of Cyano and Alkoxy Substituents (2015)

Fine tuning the energy levels of donor polymers is a critically important step toward achieving high power conversion efficiencies in polymer solar cells (PSCs). We systematically controlled the energy levels of donor polymers by introducing cyano (CN) and alkoxy (OR) groups into the 4,4′-didodecyl-2,2′-bithiophene (BT) unit in a step-by-step fashion, thereby varying the inductive and resonance effects. The three monomer units (BT, BTC, and BTCox) were polymerized with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) as a counter unit to afford three polymers (PBDT-BT, PBDT-BTC, and PBDT-BTCox). The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels decreased significantly upon the introduction of CN groups, and these levels increased slightly upon attachment of the OR groups, in good agreement with the measured open-circuit voltages of the three polymer devices. The strong inductive and resonance effects present in PBDT-BTCox narrowed the polymer band gap to 1.74 eV to afford a power conversion efficiency of 5.06%, the highest value achieved among the three polymers.
Prevalencia de fluorosis dental, opacidades e hipoplasia del esmalte en niños en edad escolar (2011)

The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis and developed defects of enamel opacities and hypoplasia, in children enrolled in the Basic School “Filomena Da
Exonuclease digestion of chromosomes for<i>in situ</i>hybridization (1988)

Journal Article Exonuclease digestion of chromosomes for in situ hybridization Get access E. R. Schmidt E. R. Schmidt Institute of Genetics, Ruhr-UniversityPostfach 10 21 48, D-4630 Bochum 1, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 21, 11 November 1988, Page 10381, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.21.10381 Published: 11 November 1988 Article history Received: 21 September 1988 Published: 11 November 1988
Genetic Analysis of the Human Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1987)

Malaria parasites are haploid for most of their life cycle, with zygote formation and meiosis occurring during the mosquito phase of development. The parasites can be analyzed genetically by transmitting mixtures of cloned parasites through mosquitoes to permit cross-fertilization of gametes to occur. A cross was made between two clones of Plasmodium falciparum differing in enzymes, drug sensitivity, antigens, and chromosome patterns. Parasites showing recombination between the parent clone markers were detected at a high frequency. Novel forms of certain chromosomes, detected by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis, were produced readily, showing that extensive rearrangements occur in the parasite genome after cross-fertilization. Since patients are frequently infected with mixtures of genetically distinct parasites, mosquito transmission is likely to provide the principal mechanisms for generating parasites with novel genotypes.
Semi-automatic Integration of Knowledge Sources (1999)

Integration of knowledge from multiple independent sources presents problems due to their semantic heterogeneity. Careful handling of semantics is important for reliable interaction with autonomous sources. This paper highlights some of the issues involved in automating the process of selective integration and details the techniques to deal with them. The approach taken is semi-automatic in nature focusing on identifying the articulation over two ontologies, i.e., the terms where linkage occurs among the sources. A semantic knowledge articulation tool (SKAT) based on simple lexical and structural matching works well in our experiments and semi-automatically detects the intersection of two web sources. An expert can initially provide both positive and negative matching rules on the basis of which the articulation is to be determined and then override the automatically generated articulation before it is finalized. The articulation may be stored or generated on demand and is used to answe...
An accelerated learning algorithm for multilayer perceptrons: optimization layer by layer (1995)

Multilayer perceptrons are successfully used in an increasing number of nonlinear signal processing applications. The backpropagation learning algorithm, or variations hereof, is the standard method applied to the nonlinear optimization problem of adjusting the weights in the network in order to minimize a given cost function. However, backpropagation as a steepest descent approach is too slow for many applications. In this paper a new learning procedure is presented which is based on a linearization of the nonlinear processing elements and the optimization of the multilayer perceptron layer by layer. In order to limit the introduced linearization error a penalty term is added to the cost function. The new learning algorithm is applied to the problem of nonlinear prediction of chaotic time series. The proposed algorithm yields results in both accuracy and convergence rates which are orders of magnitude superior compared to conventional backpropagation learning.
Defective cellular immune responses in lupus nephritis. (1984)

To determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and active nephritis have more profound defects in cellular immune responses, we studied cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in 12 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and 11 patients with chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) without renal insufficiency. The LN patients had a significant depression in CMI, characterized by impaired delayed hypersensitivity skin reactivity to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), decreased percentage of T cells and diminished lymphocyte transformation to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The levels of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity (SCA) were significantly lower in LN patients compared with those in normal controls and those in CGN patients. The levels of all CMI parameters for the 6 LN patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) were significantly more decreased when compared with those of the 6 LN patients without NS. In contrast, the CMI levels in CGN patients with or without NS did not differ from normal subjects. These findings may lend further insight into the understanding of the immunoregulatory defect in LN.
A Dynamically Regulated Transformation of a Bacterial Bilayer Membrane to a Cross-linked 2-Dimensional Sheet during Adaptation to Unfavorable Environmental Pressures (1998)

To maintain an optimum dynamic range, membranes of living systems must have the ability to regulate their translational and vibrational motion in the face of environmental changes that might offset them. This is done through structural modifications of the lipids. Sarcina ventriculi was used as a case study to explore membrane structural reorganizations which allow some organisms to adapt to extreme environmental changes. It is capable of a variety of unusual and dramatic chemical processes including lipid alkyl chain tail-to-tail and lipid head-to-head coupling. There is also interlipid headgroup transfer or shuffling. The tail-to-tail coupling activity is capable of joining foreign (exogenously added) hydrocarbon chains to the native chains. The adaptative processes occur dynamically and instantaneously and render this organism tolerant to low and high pH, moderately high temperatures, the presence of organic solvents, and a wide spectrum of antibiotics at concentrations as high as 200 μg/mL. Chemical analyses indicate that the membrane of Sarcina ventriculi exists in a dynamic equilibrium somewhere between a bilayer and cross-linked bipolar monolayer. Based on the degree of cross-linking of both the alkyl chains and the headgroups, under more extreme conditions, the membranes should approach highly cross-linked, two-dimensional molecular sheets. These structural reorganizations parallel the same strategies used by organic chemists in their effort to synthesize stabilized monolayers and vesicles. Catalytic activities present in the membranes of this and similar organisms hold much potential for use in stabilizing supramolecular arrays and nano structures.
Network algorithmics : an interdisciplinary approach to designing fast networked devices (2005)

In designing a network device, you make dozens of decisions that affect the speed with which it will performsometimes for better, but sometimes for worse. Network Algorithmics provides a complete, coherent methodology for maximizing speed while meeting your other design goals. Author George Varghese begins by laying out the implementation bottlenecks that are most often encountered at four disparate levels of implementation: protocol, OS, hardware, and architecture. He then derives 15 solid principlesranging from the commonly recognized to the groundbreakingthat are key to breaking these bottlenecks. The rest of the book is devoted to a systematic application of these principles to bottlenecks found specifically in endnodes, interconnect devices, and specialty functions such as security and measurement that can be located anywhere along the network. This immensely practical, clearly presented information will benefit anyone involved with network implementation, as well as students who have made this work their goal. FOR INSTRUCTORS: To obtain access to the solutions manual for this title simply register on our textbook website (textbooks.elsevier.com)and request access to the Computer Science subject area. Once approved (usually within one business day) you will be able to access all of the instructor-only materials through the "Instructor Manual" link on this book's academic web page at textbooks.elsevier.com. Addresses the bottlenecks found in all kinds of network devices, (data copying, control transfer, demultiplexing, timers, and more) and offers ways to break them. Presents techniques suitable specifically for endnodes, including Web servers. Presents techniques suitable specifically for interconnect devices, including routers, bridges, and gateways. Written as a practical guide for implementers but full of valuable insights for students, teachers, and researchers. Includes end-of-chapter summaries and exercises
The marrow stromal cell system (1998)

The stromal tissue of the bone marrow consists of a fine mesh of blood vessels held in a network of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM); it forms a continuum with the soft connective tissue adjacent to endosteal and periosteal bone surfaces and within Haversian canals. Marrow stromal tissue provides physical support and nourishment for the haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells and this led to the concept of a haemopoietic microenvironment (HME) (Dexter, Allen & Lajtha, 1977). In addition, the osteogenic potential of marrow stromal tissue has been well known for many decades (for review see Burwell, 1994).
Preliminary Clinical Experience with the Use of Absorbable Mesh Splenorrhaphy (1985)

Splenorrhaphy was performed in six patients using absorbable polyglycolic acid mesh. The sustained injuries included blunt and penetrating trauma and varied from through-and-through puncture with hematoma and deep lacerations to amputation of a portion of the spleen. A number of different splenorrhaphy techniques were required. In all six cases, the procedure was accomplished without abscess formation, postoperative bleeding, or complications related to the use of the mesh.
Another view of conversion (1991)

After reading the view of conversion courses (Nursing Standard Points of View, June 12) I feel that, as I have completed such a course, I could offer a more experienced point of view.
Hidden Markov model approach to skill learning and its application to telerobotics (1994)

In this paper, we discuss the problem of how human skill can be represented as a parametric model using a hidden Markov model (HMM), and how an HMM-based skill model can be used to learn human skill. HMM is feasible to characterize a doubly stochastic process--measurable action and immeasurable mental states--that is involved in the skill learning. We formulated the learning problem as a multidimensional HMM and developed a testbed for a variety of skill learning applications. Based on "the most likely performance" criterion, the best action sequence can be selected from all previously measured action data by modeling the skill as an HMM. The proposed method has been implemented in the teleoperation control of space station robot system, and some important implementation issues have been discussed. The method allows a robot to learn human skill in certain tasks and to improve motion performance.
Solid-State Lighting: An Integrated Human Factors, Technology, and Economic Perspective (2010)

Solid-state lighting is a rapidly evolving technology, now virtually certain to someday displace traditional lighting in applications ranging from the lowest-power spot illuminator to the highest-power area illuminator. Moreover, it has considerable headroom for continued evolution even after this initial displacement. In this paper, we present a high-level overview of solid-state lighting, with an emphasis on white lighting suitable for general illumination. We characterize in detail solid-state lighting's past and potential-future evolution using various performance and cost metrics, with special attention paid to inter-relationships between these metrics imposed by human factors, technology, and economic considerations.
Distinct protein degradation mechanisms mediated by Cul1 and Cul3 controlling Ci stability in <i>Drosophila</i> eye development (2002)

The ubiquitin-like protein, Nedd8, covalently modifies members of the Cullin family. Cullins are the major components of a series of ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins. We found that Nedd8 modifies Cul1 in Drosophila. In Drosophila Nedd8 and Cul1 mutants, protein levels of the signal transduction effectors, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) and Armadillo (Arm), and the cell cycle regulator, Cyclin E (CycE), are highly accumulated, suggesting that the Cul1-based SCF complex requires Nedd8 modification for the degradation processes of Ci, Arm, and CycE in vivo. We further show that two distinct degradation mechanisms modulating Ci stability in the developing eye disc are separated by the morphogenetic furrow (MF) in which retinal differentiation is initiated. In cells anterior to the MF, Ci proteolytic processing promoted by PKA requires the activity of the Nedd8-modified Cul1-based SCF(Slimb) complex. In posterior cells, Ci degradation is controlled by a mechanism that requires the activity of Cul3, another member of the Cullin family. This posterior Ci degradation mechanism, which partially requires Nedd8 modification, is activated by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and is PKA-independent.
Modular operation of microfluidic chips for highly parallelized cell culture and liquid dosing via a fluidic circuit board (2020)

Microfluidic systems enable automated and highly parallelized cell culture with low volumes and defined liquid dosing. To achieve this, systems typically integrate all functions into a single, monolithic device as a "one size fits all" solution. However, this approach limits the end users' (re)design flexibility and complicates the addition of new functions to the system. To address this challenge, we propose and demonstrate a modular and standardized plug-and-play fluidic circuit board (FCB) for operating microfluidic building blocks (MFBBs), whereby both the FCB and the MFBBs contain integrated valves. A single FCB can parallelize up to three MFBBs of the same design or operate MFBBs with entirely different architectures. The operation of the MFBBs through the FCB is fully automated and does not incur the cost of an extra external footprint. We use this modular platform to control three microfluidic large-scale integration (mLSI) MFBBs, each of which features 64 microchambers suitable for cell culturing with high spatiotemporal control. We show as a proof of principle that we can culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for multiple days in the chambers of this MFBB. Moreover, we also use the same FCB to control an MFBB for liquid dosing with a high dynamic range. Our results demonstrate that MFBBs with different designs can be controlled and combined on a single FCB. Our novel modular approach to operating an automated microfluidic system for parallelized cell culture will enable greater experimental flexibility and facilitate the cooperation of different chips from different labs.
Asymmetric unstable traveling-wave resonators (1974)

Experimental data pertaining to the intracavity propagation characteristics, the mode volume dissimilarity, and the fractional output coupling Characteristics associated with the oppositely traveling waves in CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> asymmetric unstable ring resonators are reported. Equivalence relations are derived, extending Siegman's unstable resonator analysis to encompass asymmetric traveling-wave geometries. Optical feedback techniques to suppress the oscillation associated with one of the traveling waves are demonstrated to be an effective means of achieving unidirectional ring laser operation.
Computers in Police Cruisers (2004)

A typical police cruiser is filled with electronic devices, displays, and inputs, all competing for the officer's attention. The Project54 system integrates those devices, and its speech-based user interface lets officers operate them without taking their eyes off the road.
Factors Affecting Beef Carcass Cutability: an Evaluation of the USDA Yield Grades for Beef (1980)

Journal Article Factors Affecting Beef Carcass Cutability: an Evaluation of the USDA Yield Grades for Beef Get access H. C. Abraham, H. C. Abraham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. E. Murphey, C. E. Murphey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. R. Cross, H. R. Cross Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. C. Smith, G. C. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. J. Franks, Jr. W. J. Franks, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 50, Issue 5, May 1980, Pages 841–851, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1980.505841x Published: 01 May 1980
Lactarius ignifluus (Russulaceae), a new species from India (2002)

Lactarius ignifluus, a new species in the Russulaceae is described and illustrated from Kerala. The combination of lignicolous habitat, bright scarlet, veined basidiomes, unchanging scarlet red latex and lack of sphaerocytes in the hymenophoral and pileal trama characterize this new species.
Encapsulation of cobalt phthalocyanine molecules in carbon nanotubes (2008)

We report on the encapsulation of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules in double and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Transmission electron microscopy imaging confirms the filling and shows pristine outer walls after cleaning. We also discuss Co 2p photoemission results, which reveal that hybridization interaction with the surrounding nanotube is likely, resulting in a peak attributed to Co(III).
Effects of aging and calorie restriction on the global gene expression profiles of mouse testis and ovary (2008)

Overall, the results are consistent with unique modes of aging and its modification by CR in testis and ovary.