gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometry of Chemical Beam Vapor Deposition System for Efficient Combinatorial Investigations of Thin Oxide Films: Deposited Film Properties versus Precursor Flow Simulations (2016)

An innovative deposition system has been developed to construct complex material thin films from single-element precursors by chemical beam vapor deposition (CBVD). It relies on well distributed punctual sources that emit individually controlled precursor beams toward the substrate under high vacuum conditions combined with well designed cryo-panel surfaces that avoid secondary precursor sources. In this configuration the impinging flows of all precursors can be calculated at any substrate point considering the controlled angular distribution of the emitted beams and the ballistic trajectory of the molecules. The flow simulation is described in details. The major advantage of the deposition system is its ability to switch between several possible controlled combinatorial configurations, in which the substrate is exposed to a wide range of flow compositions from the different precursors, and a uniform configuration, in which the substrate is exposed to a homogeneous flow, even on large substrates, with high precursor use efficiency. Agreement between calculations and depositions carried out in various system configurations and for single, binary, or ternary oxides in mass transfer limited regime confirms that the distribution of incoming precursors on the substrate follows the theoretical models. Additionally, for some selected precursors and in some selected conditions, almost 100% of the precursor impinging on the substrate is incorporated to the deposit. The results of this work confirm the potentialities of CBVD both as a research tool to investigate efficiently deposition processes and as a fabrication tool to deposit on large surfaces.
<i>In Vivo</i> Tracking of Neural Progenitor Cell Migration to Glioblastomas (2003)

The ability to noninvasively track the migration, engraftment, and proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) has significant clinical and research implications. The purpose of our study was to explore the macroscopic migratory capabilities of NPCs toward brain tumors after implantation into nude mice. We stably transfected C17.2 NPCs with the firefly luciferase gene (F-luc) and implanted cells into (1) the contralateral brain parenchyma (2 x 10(6) cells), (2) the ventricles (2 x 10(6) cells), (3) the vasculature (1 x 10(5) cells), or (4) the intraperitoneal cavity (5 x 10(6) cells) of mice bearing intracranial gliomas (Gli36). Using serial bioluminescence imaging, migration of parenchymally injected cells was observed across the corpus callosum, first detected at 1 week, with maximal density at the tumor site 2-3 weeks after implantation. Similar patterns were also observed with intraventricular injections; however, tumors were populated earlier, presumably because of the shorter distance to travel. Intravenous injections resulted in more modest tumoral NPC populations, whereas virtually no cells could be identified in tumors after intraperitoneal injection. These results confirm the migratory capability of NPCs over considerable distances and their preferential accumulation in brain tumors on CNS rather than peripheral injection.
지역경제발전 서술에의 발전잠재력이론의 적응가능성 및 한계성 (1994)

지방자치화시대의 개막으로 우리나라 역사상 새로운 전기를 맞게된 현시점에서 지역경제 중요성은 그 어느때보다도 높아졌다. 더욱이 전국토의 균형적인 개발은 미시경제학적인 자원의 효율적 배분과 소득의 공평한 분배를 이루게 할 뿐만 아니라 전체경제의 목표실현의 조건이 되기도 한다. 이때 지역적 불균형의 원인과 영향 등을 알아내 전체 경제 및 지역경제, 사회정책들의 목표체계를 세울 수 있게 하는 것은 필수적이라고 생각된다. 또한 각 지역들의 자기실현과 독자적인 책임 등이 계속 증대될 것이다. 이러한 목적을 위해서 모든 지역들은 그들의 자원 및 경제발전 전망 등을 더욱 자세히 알아야 하고 어떻게 그들이 개발되어져야 하며 각 지역들의 발전 전망과 한계가 어디에 있는가 등을 분석하여야 한다. 이러한 새로운 추세에는 지난 1970년대 중반 독일에서 Biehl 교수에 의해 개발된 Entwicklungpotentialansatz가 가장 적절한 이론이 아닌가 생각된다. 본 논문에서는 그리하여 이 이론의 이론적 배경과 가장 중요한 발전 잠재력 및 잠재적 요소들에 대해서 다루었으며 특히 잠재적 지역생산과 실제적 지역생산과의 차이가 어디에서 오는가를 알아 보았으며 지역개발 잠재력을 계산하는 방법을 소개하였다. 이에 의한 지역내 잠재력 활용을 위해서 (1) 내부적 발전에 존재하는 한계를 극복하고 (2) 지역 독자적인 능력과 자질을 활용하며 (3) 지역 내부적인 경제순환 추구를 통해서 이루어 질 수 있다. 더 나아가 이 이론은 지역 경제발전의 서술을 위해 개발된 다른 여러 이론들(economic-base Ansatz, Tragfahigkeitsansatz und Wachstumspolansatz)과 비교 해보면 발전잠재력이론은 그 나름대로의 한계를 나타내고 있지만 지역경제발전전망을 설명하는데는 가장 적절한 이론 이라고 생각된다.
Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Associated with Clinical Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2017)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women. Gut microbiota has been implicated to play a critical role in metabolic diseases and may modulate the secretion of mediators of the brain-gut axis. Interaction between gut microbiota and the endocrine and biochemical disturbances in PCOS still remains elusive. Here, we showed an altered gut microbiota significantly correlated with PCOS phenotype. There were 33 patients with PCOS (non-obese PCOS individuals, PN, <i>n</i> = 12; obese PCOS individuals, PO, <i>n</i> = 21) as well as 15 control subjects (non-obese control individuals, CN, <i>n</i> = 9; obese control individuals, CO, <i>n</i> = 6) enrolled in our study. The plasma levels of serotonin, ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY) were significantly decreased in patients with PCOS compared with controls, and have a significantly negative correlation with waist circumference and testosterone. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples revealed the substantial differences of gut microbial species between the PCOS and non-obese controls. Bacterial species were clustered into 23 co-abundance groups (CAGs) based on the SparCC correlation coefficients of their relative abundance. The CAGs increased in PCOS, including the bacteria belonging to <i>Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i>, were negatively correlated with ghrelin, and positively correlated with testosterone and BMI. Furthermore, the CAGs that were decreased in PCOS, including the bacteria from <i>Akkermansia</i> and Ruminococcaceae, showed opposite relationship with body-weight, sex-hormone, and brain-gut peptides. In conclusion, gut microbial dysbiosis in women with PCOS is associated with the disease phenotypes.
Cycle-accurate deterministic multithreading for multicore debugging and reliability (2012)

One of the key challenges in developing applications for multicore systems is dealing with the nondeterministic behavior of applications. This makes parallel programming hard and programmers should spend substantial amounts of time to debug their application. To remove the nondeterministic behavior of applications, we could make the behavior of applications deterministic through the control of thread's execution order based on their progress. To guarantee the deterministic behavior of a thread, the measured progress of a thread should be repeatable and cycle-accurate. If the progress does not meet these requirements, it is impossible to guarantee the deterministic behavior of threads. In this paper, we propose a novel method to measure a cycle-accurate deterministic progress of a thread and a technique to guarantee the deterministic behavior of applications with the proposed method. As a case study, we implement 24 video decoders on a quad core system using the proposed technique and evaluate our technique on SPLASH-2 benchmark. The experimental result yields a geometric mean of overhead of about 7.2% on SPLASH-2 benchmark.
Genetics and Arrhythmias (2003)

The availability of chromosomal markers that span the human genome and improved high-throughput technology for genotyping and sequencing have led to major advances against genetic diseases. Genes have been identified for several disorders responsible for arrhythmias and sudden death. These genes all encode ion channels and are referred to as channelopathy genes. Congenital long QT syndrome is caused by mutations in genes encoding sodium or potassium channels. Brugada syndrome, only recently described, is due to mutations in a sodium channel and is an important cause of sudden death, particularly in Southeast Asia. Familial polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is due to a defect in the ryanodine receptor. A locus mapped to 10q32 is responsible for familial atrial fibrillation. Treatments based on knowledge of the molecular defect are being implemented for long QT syndrome and will probably provide paradigms for targeted treatment of acquired arrhythmias.
Exoproteomics: exploring the world around biological systems (2012)

The term 'exoproteome' describes the protein content that can be found in the extracellular proximity of a given biological system. These proteins arise from cellular secretion, other protein export mechanisms or cell lysis, but only the most stable proteins in this environment will remain in abundance. It has been shown that these proteins reflect the physiological state of the cells in a given condition and are indicators of how living systems interact with their environments. High-throughput proteomic approaches based on a shotgun strategy, and high-resolution mass spectrometers, have modified the authors' view of exoproteomes. In the present review, the authors describe how these new approaches should be exploited to obtain the maximum useful information from a sample, whatever its origin. The methodologies used for studying secretion from model cell lines derived from eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, virulence determinants of pathogens and environmental bacteria and their relationships with their habitats are illustrated with several examples. The implication of such data, in terms of proteogenomics and the discovery of novel protein functions, is discussed.
Reconciliation engine and metric for network vulnerability assessment (2012)

Vulnerability reconciliation is the process that analyses the output produced by one or more vulnerability scanners and provides a more succinct and high-level view of vulnerabilities and its overall impact factor in the network. Here attack graphs method is used for predicting the various ways of penetrating a network to reach its critical assets. In particular, automated analysis of network configuration and attacker exploits provides an attack graph showing all possible paths to critical assets. The aim is to implement Reconciliation engine for identifying the various critical vulnerabilities and a metric system for identifying the overall impact of the vulnerabilities in that network. The reconciliation process is done by analysing the results obtained from different vulnerability scanners and combining them. As part of this, vulnerability tools from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS), Government off-the-shelf (GOTS), and research laboratory were selected. The automatic extraction of vulnerability information for attack graph prediction is analysed. Vulnerability information describes what is required for a vulnerability to be exploited and what are the after effects of that exploitation. A data structure is analysed which is able to represent pre and post conditions of each vulnerabilities. The combined risk assessment provides a readily comprehensible picture of the risk posture, assisting the analyst in the definition of an acceptable risk posture for an operational system or preliminary system design. We would be finding a metric value for denoting the overall vulnerability of the network after analysing critical vulnerabilities.
A physical layer open architecture for communications systems integration: Common baseband processor with multiple-access adaptively steered antenna array (2008)

Fighting the Global War on Terrorism and sustaining Homeland Defense requires that todaypsilas military platforms, such as E-2 and Global Hawk, and future platforms such as Joint Strike Fighter, support network-centric operations with advanced on-board sensing and communications capabilities demanding high-gain antenna coverage over a large RF spectrum. In the typical radio system integration seen today, a platform can include several radio functions, including communications terminals and intelligence, surveillance, and recognizance (ISR) receivers and other sensors, each of which is tightly coupled to its own antenna or antenna system. The challenge is that many of these platforms have limited surface for antennas or antenna arrays, so multiple antenna arrays to provide steerable gain for each sensing and communications function is impractical. Moreover, a single antenna array that allows independent beam steering for multiple radio functions using banks of RF switches and mixers at the antenna elements can be even more intractable. This paper will present an open architecture (OA) for the physical layer of radio systems integration in which the digital baseband I/Q signals of every radio function in the system, both transmit and receive, pass through a common baseband digital processor. This architecture allows multiple, independently steered beams to be formed simultaneously, at independent frequencies, from a single antenna array, thereby maximizing the efficient use of the antenna resources of platforms having multiple radio functions. This multiple-access-array capability is achieved by applying separate beamforming weights and separate IF modulations to the digital baseband signal of each radio function in the system.
Lexical and semantic priming deficits in patients with alzheimer's disease (1988)

Two experiments utilizing priming procedures examined the status of semantic memory in demented and amnesic patients. In the first investigation, lexical priming was assessed in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), Huntington's Disease (HD), alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), and in intact control subjects. Subjects were first exposed to a list of words in a rating task and then required to complete three-letter stems with the "first word that comes to mind". Half of the stems could be completed with the previously presented words and the other half were used to assess baseline guessing rates. Recall and recognition of incidentally exposed words was also assessed. Although all three patient groups were impaired on tests of recall and recognition, only the DAT patients exhibited a priming deficit on the stem-completion task. In the second experiment, DAT, HD, and intact control subjects were administered a semantic priming test which required the subject to "free associate" to the first words of previously presented semantically associated word pairs. The results for this association task showed that DAT patients were significantly less likely to produce the second word of the semantically related pair than were the other subject groups. The results of these two experiments suggest that the memory capacities of DAT patients are characterized by a breakdown in the structure of semantic memory and that this impairment is evident on some "automatic" as well as "effortful" processing tasks.
A Facile Method for the Preparation of Gold Glyconanoparticles from Free Oligosaccharides and Their Applicability in Carbohydrate‐Protein Interaction Studies (2005)

Abstract The weak binding affinity of monomeric oligosaccharides with carbohydrate‐binding proteins are hampering their use in in‐vivo and in‐vitro bio‐assays. Gold glyconanoparticles (GNPs), prepared from synthetic oligosaccharides, have been used to overcome this weak binding affinity. In this paper, a convenient method for the preparation of GNPs from free oligosaccharides is presented. The reductive amination of saccharides with trityl‐protected cysteamine, followed by de‐tritylation, afforded cysteamine‐extended saccharides that could be used for the preparation of GNPs under reducing conditions in water. The robust chemistry and facile purification of intermediate and final compounds ensure high yields and reproducible results and the, subsequent, preparation of GNPs proceeded smoothly, even with minute quantities (nanomolar scale) of the cysteamine‐extended saccharide. The described method was used to synthesize a series of gluco ‐ and manno ‐oligosaccharide‐containing GNPs. The prepared GNPs were validated in interaction studies with Con A, using either surface plasmon resonance (SPR), UV/Vis spectroscopy, or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The described method for the preparation of water‐soluble gold glyconanoparticles can be used for the identification of carbohydrate ligands for novel carbohydrate‐binding proteins, and can find application as inhibitors of pathological interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Unified Data Access/Query over Integrated Data-views for Decision Making in Geographic Information Systems (2009)

Geographic information is critical for building disaster planning, crisis management, and early-warning systems. Decision making in geographic information systems (GIS) increasingly relies on analyses of spatial data in map-based formats. Maps are complex structures composed of layers created from distributed heterogeneous data belonging to the separate organizations. This chapter presents a distributed service architecture for managing the production of knowledge from distributed collections of observations and simulation data through integrated data-views. Integrated views are defined by a federation service (“federator”) located on top of the standard service components. Common GIS standards enable the construction of this system. However, compliance requirements for interoperability, such as XML-encoded data and domain specific data characteristics, have costs and performance overhead. The authors investigate issues of combining standard compliance with performance. Although their framework is designed for GIS, they extend the principles and requirements to general science domains and discuss how these may be applied.
CARS Concentration Sensitivity With and Without Nonresonant Background Suppression (1981)

Abstract —Species detectivity is limited in conventional CARS approaches with aligned laser polarizations by the presence of a background, nonresonant electronic contribution to the CARS signal. At low species densities, a modulated CARS spectrum results which can be used to perform concentration measurements from the spectral shape, a unique feature of CARS. When the species concentration becomes very low, the “signal” from the species of interest, i.e. the modulation, essentially disappears into the dispersionless nonresonant background and the specie is no longer detectable. By proper orientation of the polarizations of the pump and Stokes laser fields and the CARS signal polarization analyzer, the nonresonant background can be suppressed, leaving the pure CARS spectrum of the specie being probed. Unfortunately, a large reduction in signal strength accompanies the elimination of the background. Investigations of background suppression from CO in flames are described using polarization sensitive CARS with spectrally broadband Stokes waves. The studies were conducted in flat CO-air diffusion flames employing nonplanar, crossed-beam phase matching, i.e. folded BOXCARS. The relative concentration sensitivity of CARS with and without background suppression was compared at both high and low temperatures. In all cases, the detection sensitivity of CARS with the nonresonant background present was found to be better, typically by a factor of five to ten, than with the background suppressed.
Classifications of ovarian cancer tissues by proteomic patterns (2006)

Ovarian cancer is a morphologically and biologically heterogeneous disease. The identification of type-specific protein markers for ovarian cancer would provide the basis for more tailored treatments, as well as clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cancer progression. In the present study, we used a novel approach to classify 24 ovarian cancer tissue samples based on the proteomic pattern of each sample. The method involved fractionation according to pI using chromatofocusing with analytical columns in the first dimension followed by separation of the proteins in each pI fraction using nonporous RP HPLC, which was coupled to an ESI-TOF mass analyzer for molecular weight (MW) analysis. A 2-D mass map of the protein content of each type of ovarian cancer tissue samples based upon pI versus intact protein MW was generated. Using this method, the clear cell and serous ovarian carcinoma samples were histologically distinguished by principal component analysis and clustering analysis based on their protein expression profiles and subtype-specific biomarker candidates of ovarian cancers were identified, which could be further investigated for future clinical study.
Properties of glasses and melts in the system MgO-AlN-SiO2 (1987)

The glassforming region at <1650/sup 0/C in the system MgO-AlN-SiO/sub 2/ was studied. The compositions studied varied in N/sub 2/ content from 3.9 at.% to 17.3 at.%. The melts which did not vitrify were also studied, and the crystalline phases were identified. Density, refractive index, microhardness, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, and crystallization behavior of the glasses are reported.
Structure of 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione [<scp>D</scp>-,<scp>D</scp>-(<scp>L</scp>-,<scp>L</scp>-)lactide] (1982)

BIS[(1-PHENYL-1-CYCLOPROPYL)CARBONYL] PEROXIDE 1679 such a conformation unfavourable. The observed conformation is 21 o from the perpendicular geometry. It appears, therefore, that the observed geometry is a consequence of a balance between two opposing constraints: (i) maximization of orbital overlap between the n system of the phenyl group and the cyclopropyl orbitals, and (ii) the unfavourable interaction between H(52) and H(81).
Population Dynamics of a Naturally Occurring Heterogeneous Mixture of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>Clones (1999)

Two unique isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi, differing in plasmid content and outer surface protein C expression, were cultured on sequential captures of a single free-living Peromyscus leucopus mouse and were examined for differences in transmissibility. Both isolates were transmissible from inoculated C.B-17 mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks and, subsequently, from infected nymphal ticks to C3H/HeJ mice. Plasmid and protein analyses suggested that the original isolates were a mixed population of B. burgdorferi, and cloning by limiting dilution resulted in the identification of two clonal groups. In addition to being heterogeneous in plasmid and genomic macrorestriction analyses, the clones varied with respect to the electrophoretic mobilities and antigenicity of their OspC proteins, as shown by their reactivity to a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Plasmid analysis of sequential isolates from C3H mice experimentally infected with the primary isolate or various mixtures of its subclones showed an apparently random fluctuation in clonal dominance in the majority of mice. Surprisingly, mice infected with each subclone were permissive to superinfection with the heterologous subclone, despite the presence of anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies at the time of the secondary challenge. These results show conclusively that mice captured at Lyme disease enzootic sites may be infected by mixed populations of genetically and antigenically distinct B. burgdorferi clones and that these infections can be acquired by coinfection or by sequential infection. The lack of cross-immunization between clones existing within a naturally occurring population may play a role in the maintenance of the genetic heterogeneity of B. burgdorferi in nature.
EFFECTIVE SURFACE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF VOLATILE ORGANICS ON ACTIVATED CARBON DURING ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1975)

Adsorption of fifteen kinds of volatile organics on activated carbon from aqueous solution was carried out in a batch system. It was assumed that the rate of adsorption was controlled by intraparticle surface diffusion, and the effective surface diffusion coefficient for each organic was determined by applying the concentration-time diagrams appropriated for Freundlich isotherms. The effective surface diffusion coefficients, Dε, thus obtained, are successfully correlated to the ratio of the boiling point of adsorbate to adsorption temperature as Dε=1.1×10-4exp(-5.32Tb/T) [cm2/sec]