gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2016)

The aim of the study is to conduct an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) to provide a contemporary review of the evidence for delivery of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine (TCPMs) for patients with acute ischemic stroke.SRs were assessed for quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool and the Oxman-Guyatt Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). We assessed the quality of the evidence of high methodological quality (an AMSTAR score ≥9 or an OQAQ score ≥7) for reported outcomes using the GRADE (the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.(1) Dan Shen agents: tiny trends toward the improvement in different neurological outcomes (RR = 1.16, 1.10, 1.23, 1.08, 1.12); (2) Mailuoning: a tiny trend toward improvement in the neurological outcome (RR = 1.18); (3) Ginkgo biloba: tiny trends toward improvement in the neurological outcome (RR = 1.18, MD = 0.81); (4) Dengzhanhua: a tiny trend toward an improvement in neurological (RR = 1.23); (5) Acanthopanax: a small positive (RR = 1.17, 1.31) result on neurological improvement reported; (6) Chuanxiong-type preparations: neurological functional improved (MD = 2.90);(7) Puerarin: no better effect on the rate of death or disability (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.35-1.87); (8) Milk vetch: no better effect on the rate of death (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.11-2.83);(9) Qingkailing: rate of death reduced (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.11-2.83). Limitations in the methodological quality of the RCTs, inconsistency and imprecision led to downgrading of the quality of the evidence, which varied by review and by outcome. Consequently, there are currently only weak evidences to support those TCPMs.The 9 TCPMs may be effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, as the GRADE approach indicated a weak recommendation for those TCPMs' usage.
Mitochondria and nuclei move by different mechanisms in Aspergillus nidulans. (1985)

We have examined the effects of the antimicrotubule agent benomyl and several mutations on nuclear and mitochondrial movement in germlings of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. While, as previously reported, benomyl inhibited nuclear division and movement, it did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. To test the effects of benomyl more rigorously, we germinated two benomyl super-sensitive, beta-tubulin mutants at a benomyl concentration 50-100 times greater than that required to inhibit colony formation completely. Again nuclear division and movement were inhibited, but mitochondrial movement was not. We also examined conditionally lethal beta-tubulin mutations that disrupt microtubule function under restrictive conditions. Nuclear division and movement were inhibited but, again, mitochondrial movement was not. Finally we examined the effects of five heat-sensitive mutations that inhibit nuclear movement but not nuclear division at restrictive temperatures. These mutations strongly inhibited nuclear movement at a restrictive temperature but did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. These data demonstrate that the mechanisms of nuclear and mitochondrial movement in Aspergillus nidulans are not identical and suggest that mitochondrial movement does not require functional microtubules.
Synthesis and assembly of human β1 gap junctions in BHK cells by DNA transfection with the human β1 cDNA (1995)

Gap junctional communication is important in many physiological processes, including growth control, patterning, and the synchronization of cell-to-cell activities. It has been difficult to study the synthesis and assembly of gap junctions due to their low abundance. To overcome this limitation, baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) have been transfected with a human beta 1 (Cx32) connexin cDNA construct. Expression was placed under the control of the mouse metallothionein promoter that can be induced by heavy metals. The transfected cells were characterized by DNA, RNA and protein analysis, as well as by scrape loading to detect functional channels. Functional beta 1 connexin was detected only in cells transfected with beta 1 connexin cDNA in the correct orientation (beta 1-BHK). Analysis of the cells by light microscopic immunocytochemistry indicated that beta 1 connexin antigen was localized to the plasma membrane and to several intracellular compartments. Characterization with thin section electron microscopy revealed extensive areas of assembled double membrane gap junctions between cells (on the cell surface), in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the nuclear envelope. This unusual intracellular distribution for assembled gap junction protein was confirmed by freeze fracture analysis, which revealed large particle aggregates, characteristic of gap junction plaques, on the fracture faces of all these membranes. The presence of gap junction particle aggregates in the ER suggests that the oligomerization of connexin can occur at its site of synthesis. Further, the process of assembly into double membrane junction structures in intracellular membranes may be driven by connexin protein concentration.
Modelling and Optimisation of a Spring-Supported Diaphragm Capacitive MEMS Microphone (2010)

Audio applications such as mobile communication and hearing aid devices demand a small size but high performance, stable and low cost microphone to reproduce a high quality sound. Capacitive microphone can be designed to fulfill such requirements with some trade-offs between sensitivity, operating frequency range, and noise level mainly due to the effect of device structure dimensions and viscous damping. Smaller microphone size and air gap will gradually decrease its sensitivity and increase the viscous damping. The aim of this research was to develop a mathematical model of a spring-supported diaphragm capacitive MEMS microphone as well as an approach to optimize a microphone’s performance. Because of the complex shapes in this latest type of diaphragm design trend, analytical modelling has not been previously attempted. A novel diaphragm design is proposed that offers increased mechanical sensitivity of a capacitive microphone by reducing its diaphragm stiffness. A lumped element model of the spring-supported diaphragm microphone is developed to analyze the complex relations between the microphone performance factors and to find the optimum dimensions based on the design requirements. It is shown analytically that the spring dimensions of the spring-supported diaphragm do not have large effects on the microphone performance com pared to the diaphragm and backplate size, diaphragm thickness, and air-gap distance. A 1 mm2 spring-supported diaphragm microphone is designed using several optimized performance parameters to give a –3 dB operating bandwidth of 10.2 kHz, a sensitivity of 4.67 mV/Pa (–46.5 dB ref. 1 V/Pa at 1 kHz using a bias voltage of 3 V), a pull-in voltage of 13 V, and a thermal noise of –22 dBA SPL.
Mistreatment in Distributed Caching Groups: Causes and Implications (2006)

Abstract — Although cooperation generally increases the amount of resources available to a community of nodes, thus im-proving individual and collective performance, it also allows for the appearance of potential mistreatment problems through the exposition of one node’s resources to others. We study such con-cerns by considering a group of independent, rational, self-aware nodes that cooperate using on-line caching algorithms, where the exposed resource is the storage of each node. Motivated by content networking applications – including web caching, CDNs, and P2P – this paper extends our previous work on the off-line version of the problem, which was limited to object replication and was conducted under a game-theoretic framework. We identify and investigate two causes of mistreatment: (1) cache state interactions (due to the cooperative servicing of requests) and (2) the adoption of a common scheme for cache replacement/redirection/admission
Inhibition of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infections in Cell Cultures with Antisense Morpholino Oligomers (2007)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed ungulates that can lead to severe losses in the livestock production and export industries. Although vaccines have been extensively used to control FMD, there is no antiviral therapy available to treat ongoing infections with FMD virus (FMDV). Six peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) with sequences complementary to various 21-nucleotide segments of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the FMDV genome (strain A(24) Cruzeiro/Brazil/1955 [A(24)Cru]) were evaluated in cell cultures. Three of the PPMOs, targeting domain 5 of the internal ribosome entry site (5D PPMO), and the two translation start codon regions (AUG1 and AUG2 PPMOs), showed high levels of anti-FMDV activity. A dose-dependent and sequence-specific reduction in viral titers of greater than 5 log(10), with a concomitant reduction of viral protein and RNA expression, was achieved at low micromolar concentrations. Under identical conditions, three other PPMOs targeting the 5'-terminal region of the genome, the cis-acting replication element in the 5' UTR, and the 3' "ab" stem-loop showed less dramatic titer reductions of 1.5 log(10) to 2 log(10). Treatment with 5D PPMO reduced the titers of FMDV strains representing five different serotypes by 2 log(10) to 4 log(10) compared to those of the controls. A(24)Cru-infected BHK-21 cells treated repeatedly with 5D or AUG2 PPMO generated resistant viruses for which phenotypic and genotypic properties were defined. Notably, three passages with low concentrations of the AUG1 PPMO extinguished all traces of detectable virus. The results indicate that PPMOs have potential for treating FMDV infections and that they also represent useful tools for studying picornaviral translation and evolution.
Effects of immunization on cardiopulmonary alterations of gram-negative endotoxemia (1984)

We studied the effects of an infusion of Serratia marcescens endotoxin on hemodynamic function, white blood cells, platelets, and the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in awake monitored sheep. The animals were immunized using the core glycolipid (CGL) fraction of Escherichia coli J5 0111. An additional group of animals was studied after passive transfer of immune serum from the actively immunized CGL animals. Active immunization with CGL was effective in preventing the hematologic and hemodynamic changes as well as the elevations in TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha seen during gram-negative endotoxemia. Passive immunization also reduced some of the deleterious effects of endotoxin infusion but was less effective than active immunization. This study demonstrates the potential of cross-specific immunization to protect against the cardiopulmonary alterations caused by gram-negative endotoxemia.
Development of Soluble Inulin Microparticles as a Potent and Safe Vaccine Adjuvant and Delivery System (2013)

The goal of the present study is to develop a potent and safe vaccine adjuvant that can also stabilize vaccine formulations during lyophilization and storage. Inulin is a safe plant polysaccharide, and in its water soluble isoform, it is known to stabilize protein formulations during storage. However, soluble inulins have never been shown to stimulate the immune system. In this study, for the first time, we showed that water soluble inulins could be developed into vaccine adjuvants by formulating as antigen encapsulated microparticles. A method was developed to prepare soluble inulin microparticles (sIMs) with high encapsulation efficiency (∼75%) and loading (∼75 μg/mg) of the antigen. When immunized in mice, sIMs have generated robust Th2-type antibody titers (IgG1: 500,000) compared to unadjuvanted antigens (IgG1: 17,500) or alum adjuvanted antigens (IgG1: 80,000). In vitro assays showed that a higher proportion of antigen presenting cells (APC's) have taken up the antigen when presented in sIMs versus in solution (99 % vs 22 %). In addition, the amount of antigen taken up per cell has also been enhanced by more than 25 times when antigen was presented in sIMs. Efficient uptake of the antigen by APCs through sIMS was attributed to the observed enhancement in the immune response by antigen loaded sIMs. The sIMs neither caused any granuloma/tissue damage at the injection site in mice nor were they toxic to the APC's in cell culture. In conclusion, the current study has developed a safe, soluble inulin based vaccine adjuvant and delivery system.
ENRAIZADO DE ESTACAS JUVENILES EN CINCO ESPECIES DE CONÍFERAS ORNAMENTALES: EFECTO DEL ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO AIB Y DE LA TEMPERATURA (1998)

A greenhouse experimental on march 1997, to evaluate five different concentrations of IBA in solution and 10,000 ppm of Brand trade Radix and two levels of soil temperatura over the roolling of five species from Cupresacea family.
Synthesis and NMR study of intramolecular silacyclobutane complexes: 8-aza-5,11-dioxa-4-silaspiro[3,7]undecane and 8-methyl-8-aza-5,11-dioxa-4-silaspiro[3,7]undecane (2006)

The intramolecular silacyclobutane complexes with pentaacoordination at silicon, 8-aza-5,11dioxa-4-silaspiro[3,7]undecane and 8-methyl-8-aza-5,11-dioxa-4-silaspiro[3,7]undecane, were synthesized by reacting 1,1-dimethoxy-or 1,1-bis(diethylamino)silacyclobutanes with the corresponding diethanolamines. The existence of (Si N) pentaacoordination at silicon was deduced from the pronounced upfield 29 Si and downfield 13 C NMR shifts as well as from the low temperature 13 C NMR study of their dynamic behavior in solution that proved complexes to appear as two isomers with coalescence barriers of 11.5 kcal/mol and 12.9 kcal/mol for 1 and 2, respectively.
Chemical identification of cysteine as palmitoylation site in a transmembrane protein (Semliki Forest virus E1). (1988)

The palmitoylation site of the membrane glycoprotein E1 of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) has been identified by chemical analysis of an acylpeptide. 3H-Palmitoylated E1 isolated from SFV grown in baby hamster kidney cells was digested with chymotrypsin and the resulting peptides subjected to high performance liquid chromatography on a wide-pore column. The 3H-acylated peptide fraction peaked at above 60% 2-propanol in the eluent, indicating its hydrophobic character. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a molecular weight of about Mr = 6000 for the radiolabeled peptide. Manual sequencing of this material by the 4-N,N'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate/phenylisothiocyanate procedure on solid phase revealed the amino-terminal sequence Ala-Ala-Ser-His-Ser-Asn-Val-Val-Phe-Pro. The same peptide also labels with [35S]cysteine. Comparison with the deduced amino acid sequence of E1 revealed that the palmitoylated peptide contains at least 43 amino acid residues, and thus includes the membrane spanning region down to the only cysteine residue five positions up from the carboxyl terminus of E1. Since [3H]palmitic acid was cleaved from E1 with thiol reagents, and since the peptide labels with [14C]iodoacetamide only after the release of fatty acids by hydroxylamine treatment, cysteine in position 433 represents the palmitoylation site in SFV E1.
Performance of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) on different types of wastewater treatment. (2007)

Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) has a wide application in Turkey having suitable climatic conditions. In this study, the growth of duckweed was assessed in laboratory scale experiments. They were fed with municipal and industrial wastewater at constant temprature. COD, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and ortho-phosphate (OP) removal efficiencies of the reactors were monitored by sampling influent and effluent of the system. Removal efficiency in this study reflects optimal results: 73-84% COD removal, 83-87% TN removal, 70-85% TP removal and 83-95% OP removal. The results show that the duckweed-based wastewater treatment is capable of treating the laboratory wastewater.
Further Experiments on the Action of Emetine in Cultures of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (1928)

In 1926 two of us published the results of a long series of experiments on the toxic action of the alkaloids of ipecacuanha in cultures of several species of entozoic amoebae. These experiments led us to definite conclusions regarding the differential susceptibility of the various species of amoebae studied, and the relative potency of several alkaloids employed. They also showed clearly that the full specific action of emetine, on susceptible amoebae, is only disclosed if the alkaloid is allowed to act for a sufficient time (two or three days.)
Social Skills Training in the Ordinary School Setting (1988)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJ. CrossThe authors first developed an interest in Social Skills Training with children when they were trainees on the Educational Psychology course at University College of Swansea. They are now working as educational psychologists; Jenny Cross for Tayside Educational Psychology Service, (Dundee), and Sarah Goddard for Dorset County Psychological Service, (Bournemouth). This article was accepted for publication in October 1987.S. GoddardThe authors first developed an interest in Social Skills Training with children when they were trainees on the Educational Psychology course at University College of Swansea. They are now working as educational psychologists; Jenny Cross for Tayside Educational Psychology Service, (Dundee), and Sarah Goddard for Dorset County Psychological Service, (Bournemouth). This article was accepted for publication in October 1987.
Development Of An Optical Parallel Logic Device And A Half-Adder Circuit For Digital Optical Processing (1979)

An Optical Parallel Logic (OPAL) device which performs Boolean algebraic operations on two binary images has been developed. This device consists of a photoconductor and an electro-optic light modulating material appropriately arranged to bring about an in-teraction between the input signals. Two such OPAL devices have been interconnected to form a half-adder circuit (one of the essential components in the CPU of a futuristic digital optical processor). Operation of an 8 x 8 OPAL device containing CdS (photoconductor) and twisted nematic liquid crystal (electro-optic light modulating material) is reported. A contrast ratio of 20:1 was obtained. A circuit composed of two such devices is shown to perform addition of two 8 x 8 binary images generating SUM and CARRY images.
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Nanoparticles. 1. “Silver-Only” Aqueous Suspensions via Hydrogen Reduction (2004)

A method for size-controlled synthesis of chemically clean silver nanoparticles is proposed and described. The synthesis is based on the reduction of silver(I) oxide by hydrogen gas in water and offers the advantages of being easily scalable and able to produce essentially naked particles still exhibiting long-term stability with the metal surface readily accessible to various chemical modifications. The method allows synthesis of particles of any diameter between 15 and 200 nm simply by varying the reaction time. The addition of filtration and centrifugation techniques produces suspensions of narrow size distribution and relatively high, 1012−1014 particles/mL, concentration. The addition of various complexating agents potentially allows control of nanoparticle shape. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and electron and X-ray diffraction techniques.
Chemosensitizing Anti-Cancer Activity of LFM-A13, a Leflunomide Metabolite Analog Targeting Polo-like Kinases (2007)

LFM-A13 (alpha-cyano-beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-N-(2,5-dibromophenyl)propenamide) has recently been identified as an inhibitor of Polo-like kinases (Plk). LFM-A13 does not inhibit other serine/threonine kinases including CDK, CHK, RAF, DAPK, IKK, IRAK, JNK, MAPK, PKC and SAPK. LFM-A13-treated human cancer cells develop abnormal mitotic spindles and G(2)/M-arrest during cell cycle progression. LFM-A13 was not toxic to rodents or dogs at daily dose levels as high as 100 mg/kg. Notably, at a low dose level of 10 mg/kg, which does not result in delayed tumor progression in the MMTV/neu transgenic mouse model of HER2 positive breast cancer, LFM-A13 markedly enhanced the anti-cancer activity of the mitotic spindle poison paclitaxel. These results indicate that LFM-A13 may be useful in the treatment of cancer patients.
In vitro cellular cytotoxicity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: relation with disease activity and treatment, and the effect of recombinant gamma-interferon. (1989)

In a previous study using total mononuclear cells and lymphocytes, enriched by elutriation centrifugation, of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were found to have a decreased NK cell activity. In the present study the relation with disease activity and treatment, and the effect of recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) on NK cell and monocyte cytotoxicity has been studied in 19 patients with Crohn's disease, 11 with ulcerative colitis, two with indeterminate colitis and 12 healthy controls. Patients with active Crohn's disease and active ulcerative colitis were shown to have an impaired NK cell activity compared to the control group. However, no difference was found in the percentage of CD16 (Leu 11+) cells, as determined by fluorocytometry, between patients with active or inactive disease. Moreover, the NK cell impairment was not related to corticosteroid treatment. Recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) stimulated significantly the cytotoxic activity of the total mononuclear cells and the monocyte-enriched fraction against all target cell lines, both in patients and controls. No relation was found between the increase in cytotoxicity by gamma-IFN and disease activity in the patients. Stimulation with gamma-IFN demonstrated that the monocyte cytotoxic response of inflammatory bowel disease patients is normal. The present study reveals that the impairment in NK cell activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is related to disease activity and therefore suggests to be secondary to the inflammatory process.
Using particle filters to track dialogue state (2007)

The bene t of tracking a probability distribution over multiple dialogue states has been demonstrated in the literature. However, the dialogue state in past work has been limited to a small number of variables, and growing the number of variables in the dialogue state prevents the probability distribution from being updated in real-time. This paper shows how the number of variables composing the dialogue state can be increased while maintaining response times suitable for a spoken dialogue system. Rather than performing exact inference using the joint distribution over all variables, a particle Iter is employed to compute an approximate update. Dialogue states (particles) are sampled, weighted by their agreement with the speech recognition results, and marginalized to produce a new distribution over each variable. Results on a spoken dialogue system for troubleshooting show that a relatively small number of particles are required to achieve performance close to an exact update, enabling the dialogue system to run in realtime.