gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrazofurin metabolism, enzyme inhibition, and resistance in L5178Y cells. (1979)

Abstract The 5′-phosphate derivative of the C-nucleoside pyrazofurin (β anomer) is a competitive inhibitor of orotidylate decarboxylase with a Ki of 5 × 10-9m. Inhibition is very rapid and appears to require ionization on the heterocyclic ring, since maximal effects are seen above the pKa of 6.6. Pyrazofurin equilibrates with the cell water of L5178Y leukemia cells within 2 to 3 min; subsequent phosphorylation to a mixture of mono-, di-, and triphosphates occurs with the higher phosphorylated forms predominating. The di- and triphosphate derivatives are inactive as inhibitors of orotidylate decarboxylase. Similar conversion to phosphorylated nucleotides occurs in mouse liver in vivo. The initial phosphorylation of pyrazofurin appears to occur via adenosine kinase, since adenosine, but not other nucleosides, inhibited the formation of the 5′-phosphate. Adenosine kinase activity copurifies with pyrazofurin kinase, and pyrazofurin inhibits adenosine phosphorylation. A mutant of the L5178Y cell line lacking adenosine kinase does not phosphorylate pyrazofurin and is not sensitive to this drug. A 10,000-fold pyrazofurin-resistant line of L5178Y has been selected and has been shown to retain permeability to pyrazofurin but to lack detectable adenosine kinase activity. This line is also 10,000-fold cross-resistant to methylmercaptopurine riboside, an analog also activated by adenosine kinase. The pyrazofurin- and 6-azauridine-resistant lines both exhibit 4- to 6-fold elevated levels of orotidylate decarboxylase activity, which may account for the minor cross-resistance observed.
Investigation into Shadow Removal from Traffic Images (2007)

Traffic surveillance cameras are becoming a viable replacement for inductive loop detectors. The effectiveness of these cameras, however, depends on video image processing algorithms that can alleviate common problems such as shadows, vehicle occlusion, reflection, and camera shake. Shadows have proved to be a major source of error in the detection and classification of vehicles. Three algorithms of increasing complexity are proposed to address the shadow problem. The algorithms each address the need to remove cast shadows from vehicles while preserving self-shadows, or those areas of a vehicle that are hidden from illumination. They are also geared toward real-time analysis, which requires that they can be implemented efficiently and cannot have complex training or learning requirements. The dual-pass Otsu method of shadow removal was the simplest in application but had the poorest performance. The proposed region growing technique, though showing considerable promise, failed when the pixel intensity varied widely in the shadow region. The last technique used edge imaging to recognize shadows as areas with few edges or with edges substantially similar to the background. This method clearly outperformed the other methods and was subsequently proved in a separate paper describing a prototype vehicle detection and classification system.
System calibration and image reconstruction for a new small-animal SPECT system (2006)

A novel small-animal SPECT imager, FastSPECT II, was recently developed at the Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging. FastSPECT II consists of two rings of eight modular scintillation cameras and list-mode data-acquisition electronics that enable stationary and dynamic imaging studies. The instrument is equipped with exchangeable aperture assemblies and adjustable camera positions for selections of magnifications, pinhole sizes, and fields of view (FOVs). The purpose of SPECT imaging is to recover the radiotracer distribution in the object from the measured image data. Accurate knowledge of the imaging system matrix (referred to as H) is essential for image reconstruction. To assure that all of the system physics is contained in the matrix, experimental calibration methods for the individual cameras and the whole imaging system were developed and carefully performed. The average spatial resolution over the FOV of FastSPECT II in its lowmagnification (2.4X) configuration is around 2.4 mm, computed from the Fourier crosstalk matrix. The system sensitivity measured with a ⁹⁹ᵐTc point source at the center of the FOV is about 267 cps/MBq. The system detectability was evaluated by computing the ideal-observer performance on SKE/BKE (signal-known-exactly/background-known-exactly) detection tasks. To reduce the system-calibration time and achieve finer reconstruction grids, two schemes for interpolating H were implemented and compared: these are centroid interpolation with Gaussian fitting and Fourier interpolation. Reconstructed phantom and mouse-cardiac images demonstrated the effectiveness of the H-matrix interpolation.
Bond strength and the relative weathering rates of simple orthosilicates (1999)

Common naturally occurring orthosilicates can be grouped into those in which the major non-tetrahedral cations are (1) Fe II and/or Mg, plus or minus Al (olivine, pyralspite garnets, staurolite); (2) Al (Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs), or (3) Zr. Fe-and Mg-bearing orthosilicates have the weakest bonds between non-tetrahedral cations and structural oxygen (M-O bonds), and zircon the strongest, with Al-O bonds intermediate; thus, the relative vulnerability to weathering of the three groups decreases in the order Fe-Mg(Al) orthosilicates G Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs G zircon. Among Fe(MgAl)-orthosilicates, Fe-O bond lengths vary with Fe coordination number (CN), and Fe-site energies decrease in the order fayalite olivine G almandine garnet GG staurolite. If other factors did not intervene, almandine (CN Fe 8) could weather approximately as fast as olivine (CN Fe 6). However, reactant-product molar-volume ratios involving almandine and common weathering products of oxidizing environments favor the formation of transport-limiting, rate-limiting protective surface layers on almandine and not on olivine; thus, almandine's weathering rate is commonly suppressed by these protective surface layers to a sufficient extent that almandine weathers more slowly than olivine. Short, strong Fe-O bonds involving tetrahedral Fe render staurolite more resistant to weathering than either common olivines or common pyralspite garnets. Relative weathering rates within the Al 2 SiO 5 group vary with the coordination number of Al. When formation of protective surface layers on garnet is taken into account, relative weathering rates of common orthosilicates decrease in the same order as the M-O bond energies for the dominant non-tetrahedral cations, giving rise to the commonly observed natural orthosilicate weathering series: Olivine G Garnet G Staurolite G Kyanite G Andalusite G Sillimanite G Zircon. The lengths and strengths of bonds between major non-tetrahedral cations and structural oxygen are a fundamental control of relative orthosilicate weathering rates in nature as in laboratory experiments.
Global properties of a delayed SIR epidemicmodel with multiple parallel infectious stages (2012)

In this paper, we study the global properties of an SIR epidemic model with distributed delays, where there are several parallel infective stages, and some of the infected cells are detected and treated, which others remain undetected and untreated. The model is analyzed by determining a basic reproduction number R0, and by using Lyapunov functionals, we prove that the infection-free equilibrium E0 of system (3) is globally asymptotically attractive when R0 ≤ 1, and that the unique infected equilibrium E* of system (3) exists and it is globally asymptotically attractive when R0 > 1.
Relation between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and running performance in free-living: An analysis of HRV4Training data (2017)

In this work, we propose to use anthropometrics and physiological data to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in free-living and analyze the relation between estimated CRF and running performance. In particular, we use the ratio between running speed and heart rate (HR) as predictor for CRF estimation in free-living. The ratio is representative of fitness as lower HR at a given speed is expected for more fit individuals. Then, we analyze the relation between estimated CRF and running performance for 10 km, half marathon and full marathon runs. CRF estimation models were developed using lab-based VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> max measurements. CRF estimates were obtained from data collected in unsupervised free-living in a sample of 532 runners for a period ranging between 1 and 8 months using the HRV4Training app. During the same period, running performance was determined for all runners. We show that the speed to HR ratio provides higher accuracy in CRF estimation compared to resting HR or no-physiological data (15% to 18% reduction in RMSE for person-independent models). Secondly, we found moderate to strong correlations between CRF estimated from free-living data and running performance (Pearson's r = 0.56 - 0.61). We conclude that estimating CRF in free-living using mobile technology and data integration can be a valuable tool to support individualized training plans and to track fitness and performance outside laboratory settings.
Carboxy Derivatives of Benzylpenicillin (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxy Derivatives of BenzylpenicillinDavid A. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 15, 3636–3637Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01111a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01111a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physical Modes of Action of Petroleum and Plant Oils on Powdery and Downy Mildews of Grapevines (1996)

Three petroleum (mineral) oils and two glyceridic plant oils, applied as emulsions (1% vol/vol) in water, were compared with reference materials for the control of powdery mildew on potted vines of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay under greenhouse conditions. The same materials were tested at 15 liters of oil/1,500 liters of water/ha in five-application programs in vineyards of V. vinifera x labrusca cvs. New York Muscat and Canada Muscat. In a series of greenhouse experiments, the petroleum oils provided moderate protection, excellent pre-lesion and post-lesion curative action, and were antisporulative. The plant oils showed significant action only in pre-lesion treatments and as antisporulants in treatments applied to established lesions. In the vineyard, the petroleum oils, Stylet-Oil, Sunspray UFO, and Safe-T-Side, were as effective as myclobutanil (Nova) in suppressing powdery mildew. Canola and soybean plant oils, emulsified with Agral 90, were no better than Agral 90 alone, and reduced the incidence of disease only marginally in comparison with a water check. Potted Chardonnay vines were inoculated with downy mildew and treated one day pre- or one day postinoculation with Sunspray UFO, safflower plant oil, mancozeb, or water. Only the preinoculation application of mancozeb reduced the incidence of downy mildew. Three petroleum oils and two plant oils were inefficacious against downy mildew in vineyard experiments.
Coronary artery magnetic resonance angiography (2004)

Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (coronary MRA) continues to advance rapidly from both a technical and clinical perspective. Coronary MRA has benefited directly from improvements in spatial resolution, contrast definition, and advances in motion correction, which have furthered its routine use in evaluating coronary artery bypass grafts and anomalous coronary arteries. Work in refining the techniques for more accurate identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) continues, with advances in navigator-gated and breath-hold motion correction techniques, novel k-space strategies (e.g., spiral and radial k-space filling), development and application of intravascular contrast agents, and imaging at higher field strengths. Ultimately, these developments may lead to the routine application of coronary MRA as a screening tool for CAD. This article reviews the development of coronary MRA, discusses the requirements and tools necessary for optimal visualization of the coronary arteries, and describes the application of coronary MRA to acquired and congenital CAD.
Characterizing the inflammatory response in esophageal mucosal biopsies in children with eosinophilic esophagitis (2016)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging allergic, IgE- and non-IgE (Th2 cell)-mediated disease. There are major gaps in the understanding of the basic mechanisms that drive the persistence of EoE. We investigated whether esophageal biopsies from children with EoE demonstrate an inflammatory response that is distinct from normal controls. We prospectively enrolled 84 patients, of whom 77 were included in our analysis, aged 4-17 years (12.8±3.8 years; 81% males). Five esophageal biopsies were collected from each patient at the time of endoscopy. Intramucosal lymphocytes were isolated, phenotyped and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin to measure their potential to produce cytokines via flow cytometry. We also performed cytokine arrays on 72-h biopsy culture supernatants. CD8(+) T cells, compared with CD4(+) T cells, synthesized more TNF-α and interferon (IFN)-γ after mitogen stimulation in the EoE-New/Active vs EoE-Remission group (P=0.0098; P=0.02) and controls (P=0.0008; P=0.03). Culture supernatants taken from explant esophageal tissue contained 13 analytes that distinguished EoE-New/Active from EoE-Remission and Controls. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis based on these analytes distinctly separated EoE-New/Active from EoE-Remission and Controls. In summary, we have identified a previously unappreciated role for CD8(+) T lymphocytes with potential to produce TNF-α and IFN-γ in EoE. Our results suggest that CD8(+) T cells have a role in the persistence or progression of EoE. We have also identified a panel of analytes produced by intact esophageal biopsies that differentiates EoE-New/Active from EoE-Remission and controls. Our results suggest that esophageal epithelial cells may have specific immune effector functions in EoE that control the type and amplitude of inflammation.
Infrared detectors and lasers operating in the 3-12 μm range using band-gap engineered structures with type II band-gap alignment (2006)

The Type II broken band-gap alignment in semiconductor structures wherein the conduction band minimum is in one semiconductor (e.g., InAs) and the valence band maximum is in another (e.g., GaInSb) offers certain unique advantages which can be utilized to realize band-gap engineered novel quantum electro-optic devices such as lasers and detectors. The advantages of the type II structures include reduced Auger recombination, extending the effective band-gap energy of materials wherein type I band-gap alignment would give rise to difficulties such as miscibility gap. In this paper we describe the work carried out at the Army Research Laboratory on type II semiconductor quantum electro-optic devices such as IR lasers and detectors operating in the 3-12 μm range. Specifically we will cover the progress made in GaSb based type II strained layer superlattice IR detectors and Interband Cascade IR Lasers. We will also present our recent work in self-assembled quantum dots which have type II band-gap alignment with the matrix material in which the dots are embedded.
NF93-159 Staphylococcus aureus (1993)

This NebFact discusses Staphylococcus aureus.
Review: The Use and Abuse of Political Asylum in Britain and Germany (2005)

The Use and Abuse of Political Asylum in Britain and Germany By Liza Schuster . London : Frank Cass , 2003. ix+310 £45.00 . ISBN 0 7146 5385 3
One-shot sustained release nanoparticle vaccines (VAC13P.1133) (2015)

Abstract Sustained release of vaccines over an extended period of time may reduce or negate the need for multiple vaccinations (boosters) and also effectively enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines. We have investigated the physcial, chemical and immunological properties of polymeric thermogelling formulations loaded with nanoparticulate protein and peptide based vaccines. The formulations were developed to be free-flowing liquids at room temperature and to form stable gels at body temperature. The vaccine components were loaded into nanoparticles before incorporation into the polymers in order to achieve synchronous release of antigen and adjuvant. The ability of the vaccines to stimulate long lived cellular and humoral responses after a single dose of antigen was investigated in mice. A single dose of formulations could induce detectable responses 50 days post immunisation and could protect mice in a tumor challenge model.
Double resolution from a set of aliased images (2004)

In this paper, we present a super-resolution method to approximately double image resolution in both dimensions from a set of four low resolution, aliased images. The camera is shifted and rotated by small amounts between the different image captures. Only the low frequency, aliasing-free part of the images is used to find the shift and rotation parameters. When the images are registered, it is possible to reconstruct a higher resolution, aliasing-free image from the four low resolution images using cubic interpolation. We applied our algorithm in a simulation, where all parameters are known and controlled, as well as in a practical experiment using images taken with a real digital camera. The results obtained in both tests prove the validity of our method.
Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) is a marker for fibrogenesis in bile duct ligation-induced fibrosis in rats (2010)

PINP was associated with the development of liver fibrosis, but not bone formation, in mature rats subjected to BDL. Thus, PINP may be useful in studying the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. However, caution should be applied when interpreting PINP levels in other disease states.
Uprating of 275kV Lines to 400kV as Part of a Contingency Plan for Generation Integration (2006)

Multiple generator transformer failures at the Eskom Lethabo power station caused the situation whereby the only available spare transformers had a secondary voltage of 400 kV. The only practical solution was to upgrade the existing 275 kV integration to the national grid to 400 kV, within a time constraint of three months. The 275 kV Lethabo-Glockner 1 and 2 lines were earmarked for the uprating. These lines were audited to validate line components and provide the background to investigate solutions. Practical configuration changes were effected mainly through the innovative modification of the phase assembly insulation, substantiated by theoretical studies and full scale electrical and mechanical tests where possible. The uprated lines have been operating successfully at 400 kV at the time of writing. This project has serious ramifications for other uprating lines projects. This paper focuses on the technical challenges experienced and the unique design solutions proposed and implemented by the line designers
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE RING METHOD FOR DETERMINING GLAZE STRESSES <sup>1</sup> (1932)

ABSTRACT This work was undertaken to develop a ring for the determination of glaze stresses which would show movements great enough to be measured with a micrometer caliper. The 3‐inch diameter ring developed makes quick measurements possible without the use of the micrometer microscope necessary with the 2‐inch rings.
Value of Clinician Assessment of Hemodynamics in Advanced Heart Failure (2008)

In advanced HF, the presence of orthopnea and elevated jugular venous pressure are useful to detect elevated PCWP, and a global assessment of inadequate perfusion ("cold" profile) is useful to detect reduced cardiac index. Hemodynamic profiles estimated from the discharge H&P identify patients at increased risk of early events.
Development of microstrip gas chambers on substrates with electronic conductivity (1994)

This paper describes several recent developments on microstrip gas chambers (MSGCs). We have studied the operating behaviour of the detectors in different gas mixtures; maximum stable gains have been achieved in mixtures of argon and dimethyl-ether (DME) in almost equal proportions. Using detectors manufactured on semiconducting glass substrates, capable of withstanding very high rates (above 10/sup 6/ mm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/), we have demonstrated extended lifetime without gain modifications up to a collected charge of 130 mC cm/sup -1/ in clean laboratory operating conditions. We have also verified that relaxing the requirements on cleanness conditions, either in the gas mixing system or in the detector construction, may result in fast ageing of the devices under irradiation. As an alternative to semiconducting glass, we have developed a novel technique to coat regular glass with a thin lead silicate layer having an electron conductivity; a new development consisting in coating already manufactured MSGCs with the thin semiconducting layer is also described. The preliminary results show an excellent rate capability for this kind of device, intrinsically simpler to manufacture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gut microbial adaptation to dietary consumption of fructose, artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols: implications for host–microbe interactions contributing to obesity (2012)

The Western diet, comprised of highly refined carbohydrates and fat but reduced complex plant polysaccharides, has been attributed to the prevalence of obesity. A concomitant rise in the consumption of fructose and sugar substitutes such as sugar alcohols, artificial sweeteners, even rare sugars, has mirrored this trend, as both probable contributor and solution to the epidemic. Acknowledgement of the gut microbiota as a factor involved in obesity has sparked much controversy as to the cause and consequence of this relationship. Dietary intakes are a known modulator of gut microbial phylogeny and metabolic activity, frequently exploited to stimulate beneficial bacteria, promoting health benefits. Comparably little research exists on the impact of 'unconscious' dietary modulation on the resident commensal community mediated by increased fructose and sugar substitute consumption. This review highlights mechanisms of potential host and gut microbial fructose and sugar substitute metabolism. Evidence is presented suggesting these sugar compounds, particularly fructose, condition the microbiota, resulting in acquisition of a westernized microbiome with altered metabolic capacity. Disturbances in host-microbe interactions resulting from fructose consumption are also explored.