gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printed MIMO-Antenna System Using Neutralization-Line Technique for Wireless USB-Dongle Applications (2011)

A printed two-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-antenna system incorporating a neutralization line for antenna port decoupling for wireless USB-dongle applications is proposed. The two monopoles are located on the two opposite corners of the system PCB and spaced apart by a small ground portion, which serves as a layout area for antenna feeding network and connectors for the use of standalone antennas as an optional scheme. It was found that by removing only 1.5 mm long inwards from the top edge in the small ground portion and connecting the two antennas therein with a thin printed line, the antenna port isolation can be effectively improved. The neutralization line in this study occupies very little board space, and the design requires no conventional modification to the ground plane for mitigating mutual coupling. The behavior of the neutralization line was rigorously analyzed, and the MIMO characteristics of the proposed antennas was also studied and tested in the reverberation chamber. Details of the constructed prototype are described and discussed in this paper.
Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Clinical manifestations (2005)

Fluctuations in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as wearing-off and on-off effects, and dyskinesias are related to a variety of factors, including duration and dosage of levodopa, age at onset, stress, sleep, food intake, and other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. The majority of patients, particularly those with young onset of PD, experience these levodopa-related adverse effects after a few years of treatment. Assessment of these motor complications is difficult because of the marked clinical variability between and within patients. Daily diaries have been used in clinical trials designed to assess the effects of various pharmacological and surgical interventions on motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The most common type of dyskinesia, called "peak-dose dyskinesia", usually consists of stereotypical choreic or ballistic movements involving the head, trunk, and limbs, and occasionally, the respiratory muscles, whereas tremor and punding are less-common complications. Dystonia is also typically seen in patients with diphasic dyskinesia and wearing-off effect. Recognition of the full spectrum of clinical phenomenology of levodopa-related motor complications is essential for their treatment and prevention.
On the existence of regular structures in liquid human blood serum (plasma) and phase transitions in the course of its drying (2003)

Experimental data show that regular three-dimensional liquid-crystal protein structures ranging in size from several hundredths to several tenths of a millimeter are present in the whole blood serum (plasma) of patients suffering from various diseases. When a drop of serum dries, some of the structures melt to produce a gel, whereas the rest of them undergo phase transition to form solid crystals. These crystals are shaped like immunoglobulin M molecules enlarged 1000-fold. In the serum (plasma) of ailing people, the amount of the gel formed upon drying increases, breaking the symmetry during the formation of nonequilibrium protein films. It is believed that low-intensity physical factors exert a therapeutic action by changing the phase state of protein in body fluids.
Cancellation of loads that return zero using zero-value caches (2009)

The speed gap between processor and memory continues to limit performance. To address this problem, we explore the potential of eliminating Zero Loads -- loads accessing memory locations that contain the value "zero" -- to improve performance and energy dissipation. Our study shows that such loads comprise as many as 18% of the total number of dynamic loads. We show that a significant fraction of zero loads ends up on the critical memory-access path in out-of-order cores. We propose a non-speculative microarchitectural technique -- Zero-Value Cache (ZVC) -- to capitalize on zero loads and explore critical design options of such caches. We show that with modest investment (typically a 512-byte structure), we can obtain speedups up to 32%. Most importantly, zero-value caches never cause performance loss.
<i>syn</i>-Oxidative Polycyclizations of Hydroxypolyenes:  Highly Stereoselective and Potentially Biomimetic Syntheses of<i>all</i>-<i>trans</i>-Polytetrahydrofurans (1997)

Acylperrhenate reagents promote hydroxyl-directed syn-oxidative polycyclizations of primary and secondary hydroxypolyenes, forming bis- and tristetrahydrofuranyl alcohols with excellent trans-stereoselectivity for each tetrahydrofuran ring. The combination of dichloroacetylperrhenate/dichloroacetic anhydride affords stereoselective syn-oxidative bicyclization to bistetrahydrofuranyl alcohol products, whereas trifluoroacetylperrhenate/trifluoroacetic anhydride or trichloroacetylperrhenate/trichloroacetic anhydride are more suitable for stereoselective formation of tristetrahydrofuranyl alcohols from acyclic hydroxytrienes. In the tricyclization reaction chirality induction from a single stereogenic hydroxyl group affords diastereoselective formation of six additional stereocenters in a single step. However, we have found that the growing polytetrahydrofuran chain can exert chelation effects upon the alkoxyrhenium intermediate, thus diminishing the degree of product diastereoselectivity. These syn-oxidative cyclization synthesis strategies mimic a possible pathway for the biosynthesis of many polycyclic ether natural products, including the tristetrahydrofuran acetogenin goniocin (1).
Integrated network service processing using programmable network devices (2005)

Project NEon is the investigation of a paradigm shift away from special purpose network appliances to an integrated way to architect, operate, and manage data plane network services. We were interested in evaluating the benefits of data flow management and enforcement inside the data center edge. Starting in the early 1990’s, network service functions that had traditionally been performed within servers moved into special purpose network appliances (e.g., firewalls and load balancers). The main driving force behind this trend was the need to place these functions inline into the data plane and operate these services at line rates. This technical solution has served as a sound business model for network appliance vendors during the last decade. However, as this approach became more prevalent and network speeds increased, its performance and manageability limits became apparent, too. The NEon architecture strictly divides the control plane, an instance of which is called the control plane policy manager, and the data plane, instances of which are called programmable rule enforcement devices. The control plane policy manager and programmable rule enforcement devices are separated through standard interfaces and protocols that are still being defined by standards bodies such as the Network Processor Forum (NPF) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF.) Our prototypes generated valuable lessons, including the validation of the standard APIs and the IETF ForCES (Forwarding and Control Element Separation) protocol under consideration.
High-Temperature Operation of SiC Power Devices by Low-Temperature Sintered Silver Die-Attachment (2007)

In this paper, we present the realization of high-temperature operation of SiC power semiconductor devices by low-temperature sintering of nanoscale silver paste as a novel die-attachment solution. The silver paste was prepared by mixing nanoscale silver particles with carefully selected organic components which can burn out within the low-temperature firing range. SiC Schottky diodes were placed onto stencil-printed layers of the nanoscale silver paste on Au or Ag metallized direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates for the die-attachment. After heating up to 300degC and dwell for 40 min in air to burn out the organic components in the paste and to sinter the nanoscale silver, the paste consolidated into a strong and uniform die-attach bonding layer with purity >99% and density >80%. Then the die-attached SiC devices were cooled down to room temperature and their top terminals were wire-bonded to achieve the high-temperature power packages. Then the power packages were heated up from room temperature to 300degC for high-temperature operation and characterization. Results of the measurement demonstrate the low-temperature silver sintering as an effective die-attach method for high-temperature electronic packaging. An advanced packaging structure for future SiC transistors with several potential advantages was also proposed based on the low-temperature sintering technology.
Multiple genes encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis TA421, isolated from a termite ecosystem (1995)

Rhodococcus erythropolis TA421 was isolated from a termite ecosystem and is able to degrade a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Genetic and biochemical analyses of the PCB catabolic pathway of this organism revealed that there are four different bphC genes (bphC1, bphC2, bphC3, and bphC4) which encode 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenases. As determined by Southern hybridization, none of the bphC genes exhibits homology to any other bphC gene. bphC1, bphC2, and bphC4 encode enzymes that have narrow substrate specificities and cleave the first aromatic ring in the meta position. In contrast, bphC3 encodes a meta cleavage dioxygenase with broad substrate specificity. Asturias et al. have shown that the closely related organism Rhodococcus globerulus P6 contains three different bphC genes (bphC1, bphC2, and bpHC3) which encode meta cleavage dioxygenases. The data suggest that there is a diverse family of bphC genes which encode PCB meta cleavage dioxygenases in members of the genus Rhodococcus.
Coexpression of Potato PVYo Coat Protein and cryV-Bt Genes in Potato (1999)

The codon-modified cryV-Bt gene ( cryV-Bt ) from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp . kurstaki Berliner, which is specifically toxic to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera insects, and a potato virus Y o coat protein gene ( PVY o cp ), in which the aphid transmission site was inactivated, were cotransformed into potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) `Spunta' via Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn. We demonstrated the integration and expression of both genes by molecular analysis and bioassays. All cryV-Bt / PVY o cp -transgenic lines were more resistant to potato tuber moth ( Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) and PVY o infection than nontransgenic `Spunta'. Four cryV-Bt / PVY o cp transgenic lines were equal in potato tuber moth mortality to a cryV-Bt transgenic line, but of these four only two lines were equivalent in PVY o titer levels to a PVY o cp -transgenic line. We identified two transgenic lines, 6a-3 and 6a-5, which showed greater resistance to potato tuber moth and PVY o than the other cryV-Bt / PVY o cp transgenic lines. This study indicated that multiple genes, conferring insect pest resistance and virus resistance, could be engineered into and expressed simultaneously in a potato cultivar.
INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN NICOTINE METABOLISM AND GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF HUMAN CYP2A6 (2002)

Nicotine is widely consumed throughout the world, and exerts a number of physiological effects. After nicotine is absorbed through the lungs by cigarette smoking, it undergoes extensive metabolism in humans. Nicotine is mainly metabolized to cotinine by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6. CYP2A6 can metabolize some pharmaceutical agents such as halothane, valproic acid, and fadrozole, and activate tobacco-specific nitrosamines. There are large interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism, and it has been found that the interindividual differences are attributed to the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2A6 gene. This review describes the techniques for determination of in vivo nicotine metabolism, characteristics of each human CYP2A6 alleles, and ethnic differences. The relationship between CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism and potency of nicotine metabolism, smoking behavior, and cancer risk are extensively reviewed. Finally, the usefulness of nicotine metabolism for phenotyping of CYP2A6 in individuals and implication of the significance of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism in a clinical perspective are discussed.
The location graph (2010)

In this paper we outline a unified architecture for representing locations of people, places and things in real or virtual worlds, called realms, on the web. Our architecture is based on the location graph that encodes web-level containment and connectedness relationships between locations. The architecture provides an information processing model that allows realm independent queries such as position, range and path, and realm specific queries, such as distance. We present existing systems that are enablers for the proposed architecture. With this architecture we enable a common way to develop location based services and applications across real or virtual realms, avoiding fragmentation.
Six Rapid Tests for Direct Detection of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> and Its Toxins in Fecal Samples Compared with the Fibroblast Cytotoxicity Assay (2003)

Clostridium difficile is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial gastrointestinal disease. Risk factors include prior antibiotic therapy, bowel surgery, and the immunocompromised state. Direct fecal analysis for C. difficile toxin B by tissue culture cytotoxin B assay (CBA), while only 60 to 85% sensitive overall, is a common laboratory method. We have used 1,003 consecutive, nonduplicate fecal samples to compare six commercially available immunoassays (IA) for C. difficile detection with CBA: Prima System Clostridium difficile Tox A and VIDAS Clostridium difficile Tox A II, which detect C. difficile toxin A; Premier Cytoclone A/B and Techlab Clostridium difficile Tox A/B, which detect toxins A and B; and ImmunoCard Clostridium difficile and Triage Micro C. difficile panels, which detect toxin A and a species-specific antigen. For all tests, Triage antigen was most sensitive (89.1%; negative predictive value [NPV] = 98.7%) while ImmunoCard was most specific (99.7%; positive predictive value [PPV] = 95.0%). For toxin tests only, Prima System had the highest sensitivity (82.2%; NPV = 98.0%) while ImmunoCard had the highest specificity (99.7%; PPV = 95.0%). Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients contributed 44.7% of all samples tested, and no significant differences in sensitivity or specificity were noted between HSCT and non-HSCT patients. IAs, while not as sensitive as direct fecal CBA, produce reasonable predictive values, especially when both antigen and toxin are detected. They also offer significant advantages over CBA in terms of turnaround time and ease of use.
Emerging immune checkpoints for cancer therapy (2015)

These two immune checkpoints play crucial roles in cancer development and may be used in future clinical practice of cancer therapy.
A Practical Model of Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Actual Applications (2017)

A practical model of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is presented, which considers both the Gaussian distribution characteristic of mass sensitivity and the influence of electrodes on the mass sensitivity. The equivalent mass sensitivity of 5 MHz and 10 MHz AT-cut QCMs with different sized electrodes were calculated according to this practical model. The equivalent mass sensitivity of this practical model is different from the Sauerbrey's mass sensitivity, and the error between them increases sharply as the electrode radius decreases. A series of experiments which plate rigid gold film onto QCMs were carried out and the experimental results proved this practical model is more valid and correct rather than the classical Sauerbrey equation. The practical model based on the equivalent mass sensitivity is convenient and accurate in actual measurements.
Bilayer processing for an enhanced organic-electrode contact in ultrathin bottom contact organic transistors (2008)

A bilayer lift-off process has been employed to fabricate optimal electrode contact geometry for statistical characterization of ultrathin organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). For over 100 p-channel ultrathin (12 ML) copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) OTFTs, the bilayer photoresist lift-off process increased the field effect mobility by two orders of magnitude, decreased the contact resistance by three orders of magnitude, increased the on/off ratio by one order of magnitude, and the threshold voltage was decreased by a factor of three compared to conventionally processed devices. The generality of the method was validated by fabricating OTFTs in four different phthalocynaines and CuPc OTFTs with eight different channel thicknesses.
Apparent Age Estimation System Based on Age Perception (2011)

Recently in the world, age estimation is widely studied. Especially, when we use face images, subject's resistance and psychological loads of the age estimation method are smaller than the method by using any other method by using the non-face image. Because faces are always opened to the society compared with other bodily features. Thus, the age estimation method by face image and appearance information is actively researched. By the way, sight information that faces, hairstyle, clothes, and appearance appears the feature of the age and the gender. Especially, face information is thought to be the most much feature information of the age. Because, human see the face and estimate the age when they communicate with somebody else. Therefore, many of the age estimation method by face image is studied [1-10].
A Framework for Predicting Query Response Time (2012)

In a typical OLTP environment, emphasis has been given on promising Service level Agreements (SLAs) for perceived query elapsed response time; the SQL queries are tested on the small size of database which may be a fraction of the production database. As time progresses the database grows and the earlier optimized queries may not hold SLA anymore. Once the application is deployed, it becomes difficult to modify the application or alter the production system. In this paper, we have discussed a framework for predicting the SQL query response time with growth of the database while being transparent to the production hardware, storage subsystem and DB Server. We have discussed various factors which can impact query response time and are also affected by the increase in the data size. We have presented a theoretical model for predicting the elapsed response time of SQL queries and also discussed a case study of Oracle lOg for implementing the proposed framework.
Simultaneous Preconcentration and Separation of Native Protein Variants Using Thermal Gel Electrophoresis (2020)

Proteins must maintain proper folding conformations and express the correct post-translational modifications (PTMs) to exhibit appropriate biological activity. However, assessing protein folding and PTMs is difficult because routine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods lack the separation resolution necessary to identify variants of a single protein. Additionally, standard PAGE denatures proteins prior to analysis precluding determinations of folding states or PTMs. To overcome these limitations, a microfluidic thermal gel electrophoresis platform was developed to provide high-sensitivity, high-resolution analyses of native protein variants. A thermally reversible gel was utilized as a separation matrix while in its solid state (30 °C). This thermal gel provided sufficient separation resolution to identify three variants of a fluorescently labeled model protein. To increase detection sensitivity, analyte preconcentration was conducted in parallel with the separation. Continuous analyte enrichment afforded detection limits of 500 fg of protein (250 pM) while simultaneous baseline separation resolution was achieved between variants. The effects of temperature on thermal gel electrophoresis were also characterized. The unique temperature-dependent outcomes illustrated how method performance can be tuned through a thermal dimension. Ultimately, the high detection sensitivity and separation resolution provided by thermal gel electrophoresis enabled rapid screening of native protein variants.
A multivariate family-based association test using generalized estimating equations: FBAT-GEE (2003)

In this paper we propose a multivariate extension of family-based association tests based on generalized estimating equations. The test can be applied to multiple phenotypes and to phenotypic data obtained in longitudinal studies without making any distributional assumptions for the phenotypic observations. Methods for handling missing phenotypic information are discussed. Further, we compare the power of the multivariate test with permutation tests and with using separate tests for each outcome which are adjusted for multiple testing. Application of the proposed test to an asthma study illustrates the power of the approach.
Tunable directional coupler for RF front‐end applications (2015)

A tunable directional coupler for radio frequency (RF) front‐ends of handheld mobile devices is presented. The coupler is implemented in a 0.13 μm bulk RF‐CMOS technology with all elements monolithically integrated on a single die. A digitally‐tuned termination network at the isolated port of the coupler is realised solely with RF‐switch transistors using the channel resistance of a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) device. The fine‐tuned termination network allows the coupler to achieve a directivity of over 25 dB in the whole cellular frequency range from 699 MHz up to 2.7 GHz. The worst‐case insertion loss in the transmitted path is 0.15 dB at 2.7 GHz.
A Low-Voltage 35-GHz Silicon Photonic Modulator-Enabled 112-Gb/s Transmission System (2015)

We present a silicon photonic traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator operating near 1550 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 35 GHz. A detailed analysis of travelingwave electrode impedance, microwave loss, and phase velocity is presented. Small-and large-signal characterization of the device validates the design methodology. We further investigate the performance of the device in a short-reach transmission system. We report a successful 112-Gb/s transmission of four-level pulse amplitude modulation over 5 km of SMF using 2.2 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p_p</sub> drive voltage. Digital signal processing is applied at the transmitter and receiver. 56-GBaud PAM-4 and 64-Gb/s PAM-2 transmission is demonstrated below a pre-FEC hard decision threshold of 4.4 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Thermophoresis in colloidal suspensions (2008)

Thermophoresis is particle motion induced by thermal gradients. Akin to other driven transport processes, such as the Soret effect in simple fluid mixtures, or electrophoresis and diffusiophoresis in colloidal suspensions, it is, both experimentally and theoretically, a challenging subject. Rather than being a comprehensive recollection, this review aims to be a\ncritical re-examination of the experimental and theoretical tools used to investigate\nthermophoresis, and of some recent relevant results that may unravel novel aspects of colloid\nsolvation forces. The perspectives of thermophoresis as a tool for particle manipulation in microfluidics are also emphasized.