gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTOREGULATION OF POLYMER CONFORMATION BY PHOTOCHROMIC MOIETIES–I. ANIONIC LIGAND TO AN ANIONIC POLYMER* (1974)

Abstract— Photoregulated biological processes appear to make use of membrane‐bound photochromic macromolecules. In order to elucidate various physicochemical pathways by which these processes can be triggered, model studies have been undertaken employing photochromic moieties bound to synthetic macromolecules with a labile fold structure. Inspired by Lovrien's 1967 work, attention was first focused on the anionic dis ‐azo stilbene dye chrysophenine (CHP) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) in aqueous solution. This ligand is found to bind to and unfold PMA only if the degree of ionization of the polymer is below 0·75. Viscosity as well as equilibrium dialysis data indicate that maximally one CHP per ten monomer units PMA is bound. The apparent degree of ionization conferred to PMA by the ionic CHP ligand leading to polymer unfolding is the same as the known real degree of ionization leading to polymer unfolding in the absence of CHP. Upon trans → cis photoisomerization, the ligand either desorbs or creates a higher local dielectric constant because of the large cis ‐azo dipole moments. As a result some refolding to a more compact hydrodynamic volume occurs, as deduced from the viscosity measurements at a low degree of ionization. Simultaneously a lowering of the p K app by 0·1 p K unit is observed at degrees of ionization below 0·075. Photoregulation of conformation as well as of p K app indicates two possible pathways for the regulation of ionic fluxes such as have been postulated for photobiological transducers.
Laser warning receiver based on coherence discrimination (1996)

A new design of a laser warning receiver is proposed. We use temporal coherence as a specific attribute of laser radiation distinguishing it from background noise and from other non coherent radiation. In this paper we describe coherent discriminators, operating in a wide range of frequencies, which can discriminate both pulsed and CW laser radiation in a wide spectral band. Preliminary tests have demonstrated the device's operation.
A novel acoustic design for dual frequency transducers resulting in separate bandpass for color flow mapping (CFM) (2002)

Current transducers used in medical ultrasound imaging generally use a single bandpass for both echo-amplitude imaging and color flow mapping (CFM). A novel acoustic design is presented here which provides an additional bandpass at half the frequency of the image bandpass within the same acoustic device, making it possible to improve significantly the Doppler sensitivity and range. An advanced finite element method is used to analyze the behavior of this new multilayer acoustic structure. Several devices have been realized at 500 kHz for sonar application and at 5 MHz for medical application. The transducer realized for medical application features a narrow band (21% relative bandwidth) for Doppler at 2.4 MHz and a broad band (36% relative bandwidth) for echo-amplitude imaging at 4.6 MHz. Experimental results show a good agreement with finite element computation and demonstrate the advantage of this new acoustic design over conventional transducers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Communication strategies for nurses interacting with patients who are deaf. (2007)

Nurses play a pivotal role in promoting access to culturally competent health care services for those who experience linguistic and cultural barriers. Nursing strategies to facilitate and enhance the Deaf community's access to health care services are provided.
Connecting Language and Knowledge Bases with Embedding Models for Relation Extraction (2013)

This paper proposes a novel approach for relation extraction from free text which is trained to jointly use information from the text and from existing knowledge. Our model is based on two scoring functions that operate by learning low-dimensional embeddings of words and of entities and relationships from a knowledge base. We empirically show on New York Times articles aligned with Freebase relations that our approach is able to efficiently use the extra information provided by a large subset of Freebase data (4M entities, 23k relationships) to improve over existing methods that rely on text features alone.
Block Constraints Budgeting in Timing-Driven Hierarchical Flow (2004)

International audience
The Use of Rheology for Sludge Characterization (1982)

Rheological measurements were conducted on a variety of anaerobically digested sewage sludges to evaluate the potential use of rheology in describing the effects of chemical conditioning on the physical characteristics of sludges. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the influence of the method of chemical conditioning on rheological measurements; to determine the response of the viscometer system to changes in the instrument variables; and to evaluate interrelationships between rheology and other physical properties. All rheological measurements were made using a coaxial rotational viscometer. Evaluation of a variety of test procedures identified that both the method of adding chemical conditioners, and the acceleration rate of the rotational viscometer, could significantly alter the shape of the rheograms. A suggested methodology was identified and selected samples were analyzed in triplicate to test the reproducibility of the procedures. Existing mathematical models do not adequately describe the variety of flow behaviour patterns observed with sewage sludge. The concepts of yield stress and apparent viscosity also have limited value due to problems of definition and calculation. A parameter termed the “instantaneous viscosity”, defined as the derivative of the flow curve, is suggested as being more suitable for describing sludge behaviour. The relationships between chemical conditioning, particle size distribution and applied shear were explored. As polymer addition increased, the sludge particles became more susceptible to shear breakup. The extent of particle size reduction was a function of the rate of shear and the time during which the shear was maintained.
A Model for Word Sense Disambiguation (1999)

Word sense disambiguation is one of the most difficult problems in natural language processing. This paper puts forward a model for mapping a structural semantic space from a thesaurus into a multi-dimensional, real-valued vector space and gives a word sense disambiguation method based on this mapping. The model, which uses an unsupervised learning method to acquire the disambiguation knowledge, not only saves extensive manual work, but also realizes the sense tagging of a large number of content words. Firstly, a Chinese thesaurus Cilin and a very large-scale corpus are used to construct the structure of the semantic space. Then, a dynamic disambiguation model is developed to disambiguate an ambiguous word according to the vectors of monosemous words in each of its possible categories. In order to resolve the problem of data sparseness, a method is proposed to make the model more robust. Testing results show that the model has relatively good performance and can also be used for other languages.
Estimating Enhanced Fujita Scale Levels Based on Forest Damage Severity (2016)

Abstract Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale estimates following tornadoes remain challenging in rural areas with few traditional damage indicators. In some cases, such as the 27 April 2011 tornadoes that passed through mostly inaccessible terrain in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Chattahoochee National Forest in the southeastern United States, traditional ground-based tornado damage surveys are nearly impossible. This work presents a novel method to infer EF-scale categories in forests using levels of tree damage and a coupled wind and tree resistance model. High-resolution aerial imagery allows detailed analyses based on a field of nearly half a million trees labeled with their geographic location and fall direction. Ground surveys also provide details on the composition of tree species and tree diameters within each tornado track. A statistical resampling procedure randomly draws a sample of trees from this database of observed trees. The coupled wind and tree resistance model determines the percentage of trees in that sample that fall for a given wind speed. By repeating this procedure, each wind speed value corresponds with a distribution of treefall percentages in the sampled plots. Comparing these results with the observed treefall percentage in small subplots along the entire tornado track allows estimation of the most probable wind speed associated with each subplot. Maps of estimated EF-scale levels reveal the relationship between complex terrain and wind speeds and show the variability of the intensity of each tornado along both tracks. This approach may lead to methods for the straightforward estimation of EF-scale categories in remote or inaccessible locations.
Transverse Photovoltage Induced by Circularly Polarized Light (2009)

We discovered that when circularly polarized light is obliquely incident on a two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal slab, electrical voltage is induced perpendicular to the incident plane. The sign of the signal is reversed by changing the sense of polarization or incident angle. The origin of this transverse photoinduced voltage is explained in terms of the force proportional to the light intensity induced by the asymmetry, which is brought about by the angular momentum of the incident light, along with the modification of local near-surface electromagnetic fields in the slab and field enhancement due to surface plasmon resonance.
Design and construction of a 7,500 liter immobilized cell reactor-separator for ethanol production from whey (1992)

A 7,500 liter reactor/separator has been constructed for the production of ethanol from concentrated whey permeate. This unit is sited in Hopkinton IA, across the street from a whey generating cheese plant A two phase construction project consisting of (1) building and testing a reactor/separator with a solvent absorber in a single unified housing, and (2) building and testing an extractive distillation/product stripper for the recovery of anhydrous ethanol is under way. The design capacity of this unit is 250,000 gal/yr of anhydrous product. Design and construction details of the reactor/absorber separator are given, and design parameters for the extractive distillation system are described.
Production of Sesquiterpene-Type Phytoalexins by Hairy Roots of Hyoscyamus albus Co-treated with Cupper Sulfate and Methyl Jasmonate (2010)

The production of sesquiterpene-type phytoalexins with a vetispyradiene skeleton by Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was reported in a previous paper. The production pattern on co-treatment with cupper sulfate and MeJA (CuSO(4)-MeJA) showed a TLC profile differing from that on treatment with MeJA. Thus, we studied the production of phytoalexins on hairy root culture involving co-treatment with CuSO(4)-MeJA. In the experiment, many sesquiterpene-type phytoalexins with a vetispyradiene skeleton were isolated, most of which were different from the products reported in the previous paper. Here, we isolated four new phytoalexins (1-4) along with known compounds 5-10 from the culture medium of H. albus hairy roots co-treated with MeJA-CuSO(4). The structures of the new compounds (1-4) were determined as: (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-acetoxy-9-(2-methylpropionyloxy)solavetivone (1), (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-hydroxy-9-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)solavetivone (2), (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-acetoxy-9-(3-methyl-butanoyloxy)solavetivone (3), and (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-acetoxy-9-(3-methyl-2-butenoyloxy)-solavetivone (4) based on MS and NMR including 2D-NMR data. These findings indicated that the production of phytoalexins in H. albus hairy roots yielded different products based on treatment with different chemicals (CuSO(4), MeJA, and MeJA-CuSO(4)).
Average soliton dynamics of a high-gain erbium fiber laser (1991)

Soliton propagation in a fiber described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of large periodic energy variations is examined. Stable propagation can be achieved provided that the soliton period is long compared with the period of energy variation and the (associated) average soliton (peak) pulse power equals the fundamental soliton (peak) pulse power. The result is used to interpret recent experiments on mode-locked, high-gain erbium fiber lasers.
The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. (1996)

In this review, the authors examine the evidence linking social support to physiological processes and characterize the potential mechanisms responsible for these covariations. A review of 81 studies revealed that social support was reliably related to beneficial effects on aspects of the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. An analysis of potential mechanisms underlying these associations revealed that (a) potential health-related behaviors do not appear to be responsible for these associations; (b) stress-buffering effects operate in some studies; (c) familial sources of support may be important; and (d) emotional support appears to be at least 1 important dimension of social support. Recommendations and directions for future research include the importance of conceptualizing social support as a multidimensional construct, examination of potential mechanisms across levels of analyses, and attention to the physiological process of interest.
Gene-based Vaccines (2002)

Gene-based vaccines, like other areas of gene therapy, encompass technologies ranging from plasmid DNA to viral vectors. Many efforts focused upon the use of plasmids, because of a desire to have delivery systems which were themselves non-immunogenic and could hence be readministered. The intrinsic efficiency of viruses and bacteria to infect cells has led to efforts to utilize them as vaccine vectors. Because the early generations of DNA vaccines are fairly inefficient in terms of DNA transduction and resultant immunogenicity, a variety of means to increase their potency will be discussed. Specifically, in addition to addressing the various mechanisms whereby transduction can be increased, the delivery of DNA by in vivo electroporation and microparticle formulation will be descried. Alpha-virus-based systems, both plasmid and viral particle will also be described. The alpha virus systems have a number of potential mechanisms whereby they may have increased potency compared to conventional plasmid vaccines including the production of multiple copies of mRNA directed by the viral nonstructural proteins (NSP) the induction of increased gamma interferon and MHC Class 1 expression, and the NSP-induced apoptosis of transduced cells. A further development has been the selection of alpha viral particles that have tropism for Dendritic cells. In an effort to have antigen expressed directly in professional antigen presenting cells. Evidence of the use of mixed-modality vaccines to increase immune responses will also be presented. These delivery systems will be described in the context of vaccine applications, but may also have therapeutic applications, not only for immunotherapy but for the provision of therapeutic proteins.
Functional maternal catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism and fetal growth restriction (2006)

Our findings suggest that the allele encoding low-activity COMT may be a susceptible marker for intrauterine fetal growth restriction.
Time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics (1995)

We explore further the suggestion to describe a pre- and postselected system by a two-state, which is determined by two conditions. Starting with a formal definition of a two-state Hilbert space and basic operations, we systematically recast the basics of quantum mechanics---dynamics, observables, and measurement theory---in terms of two-states as the elementary quantities. We find a simple and suggestive formulation that "unifies" two complementary observables: probabilistic observables and nonprobabilistic "weak" observables. Probabilities are relevant for measurements in the "strong-coupling regime." They are given by the absolute square of a two-amplitude (a projection of a two-state). Nonprobabilistic observables are observed in sufficiently weak measurements and are given by linear combinations of the two-amplitude. As a subclass they include the "weak values" of Hermitian operators. We show that in the intermediate regime, one may observe a mixing of probabilities and weak values. A consequence of the suggested formalism and measurement theory is that the problems of nonlocality and Lorentz noncovariance, of the usual prescription with a "reduction," may be eliminated. We exemplify this point for the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment and for a system under successive observations.
Effectiveness of Low-Dose Lovastatin in Lowering Serum Cholesterol (1990)

This study reviews the progress of 56 consecutive patients with type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia following treatment with lovastatin. Lovastatin, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, has been shown to have a cholesterol-lowering effect in doses ranging from 10 to 80 mg/d. Thus far, however, no large study has been performed to show the effectiveness of low-dose lovastatin (20 mg/d) for more than a 6-week duration. Fifty-six patients with known coronary artery disease were prospectively studied, with fasting lipid values being measured at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks of 20-mg/d lovastatin therapy given as a single evening dose. The total cholesterol level fell 26% from a mean baseline of 8.12 mmol/L (314 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels fell by 12% from a mean baseline of 2.46 mmol/L. The high-density lipoprotein levels increased 7.6%. One patient with known preexisting liver disease was withdrawn from the study owing to an asymptomatic significant rise in liver function test results; one subject complaining of proximal muscle weakness was also withdrawn. The maximal decrease in total cholesterol level occurred within 6 weeks of initiation of therapy. We conclude that low-dose (20-mg/d) lovastatin was effective in lowering serum cholesterol levels in patients with primary type IIa or IIb hyperlipoproteinemia with minimal short-term side effects. Further studies are needed to establish the long-term safety and effectiveness of this drug.
Autotaxin expression and its connection with the TNF-alpha-NF-κB axis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

Autotaxin (ATX) is an extracellular lysophospholipase D that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Both ATX and LPA have been shown to be involved in many cancers. However, the functional role of ATX and the regulation of ATX expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain elusive. In this study, ATX expression was evaluated in tissues from 38 human HCC and 10 normal control subjects. ATX was detected mainly in tumor cells within tissue sections and its over-expression in HCC was specifically correlated with inflammation and liver cirrhosis. In addition, ATX expression was examined in normal human hepatocytes and liver cancer cell lines. Hepatoma Hep3B and Huh7 cells displayed stronger ATX expression than hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and normal hepatocytes did. Proinflammtory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) promoted ATX expression and secretion selectively in Hep3B and Huh7 cells, which led to a corresponding increase in lysophospholipase-D activity. Moreover, we explored the mechanism governing the expression of ATX in hepatoma cells and established a critical role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in basal and TNF-α induced ATX expression. Further study showed that secreted enzymatically active ATX stimulated Hep3B cell invasion. This report highlights for the first time the clinical and biological evidence for the involvement of ATX in human HCC. Our observation that links the TNF-α/NF-κB axis and the ATX-LPA signaling pathway suggests that ATX is likely playing an important role in inflammation related liver tumorigenesis.
A New Approach for Ionic Air Flow Sensors: Transit Time (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The new approach results of a basic idea: to get a measure relatively independant of the magnitude of the electrical signals; for this reason the sensor is using the differential transit time from ions between two high transparency grids placed in air flow. A 6 KV short positive pulse is applied to 6 sharp ended pins placed perpendiculary to the air flow producing ions which are flying to a shielding grid under the electrostatic field. After this grid the ions flow at the air speed and induce charges in the measurement grids. The sensor works with a high rate asynchronous sampling system depending of the flow. A simple analogic transform of the 1/T fonction gives a dc output proportionnal to the volumic air flow.</div>
One-Round Password-Based Authenticated Key Exchange. (2010)

We show a general framework for constructing password-based authenticated key exchange protocols with optimal round complexity — one message per party, sent simultaneously — in the standard model, assuming the existence of a common reference string. When our framework is instantiated using bilinear-map cryptosystems, the resulting protocol is also (reasonably) efficient. Somewhat surprisingly, our framework can be adapted to give protocols (still in the standard model) that are universally composable while still using only one (simultaneous) round.
Fabrication of diamond nanopillars and their arrays (2008)

High-density, uniform diamond nanopillar arrays were fabricated by employing bias-assisted reactive ion etching in a hydrogen/argon plasma. Gold nanodots were employed as etching masks. The formation of nanopillar structure is associated with the directional physical etching/sputtering by ion bombardment and selective chemical etching of sp2 carbons by reactive hydrogen atoms and ions. The density and geometry of the nanopillars depend on the initial structure of diamond films and reactive ion etching conditions. The nanopillars with high aspect ratio and large surface area may have potential applications in high-efficiency and high-sensitivity diamond-based biomedical and chemical sensors and in mechanical and thermal management.
Consequential considerations when mapping tRNA fragments (2016)

We examine several of the choices that went into the design of tDRmapper, a recently reported tool for identifying transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments in deep sequencing data, evaluate them in the context of currently available knowledge, and discuss their potential impact on the output that the tool generates.