gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrical Current on the Activities of Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> , <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms (2008)

Bacterial biofilms are resistant to conventional antimicrobial agents. Prior in vitro studies have shown that electrical current (EC) enhances the activities of aminoglycosides, quinolones, and oxytetracycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus gordonii. This phenomenon, known as the bioelectric effect, has been only partially defined. The purpose of this work was to study the in vitro bioelectric effect on the activities of 11 antimicrobial agents representing a variety of different classes against P. aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermidis. An eight-channel current generator/controller and eight chambers delivering a continuous flow of fresh medium with or without antimicrobial agents and/or EC to biofilm-coated coupons were used. No significant decreases in the numbers of log(10) CFU/cm(2) were seen after exposure to antimicrobial agents alone, with the exception of a 4.57-log-unit reduction for S. epidermidis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. We detected a statistically significant bioelectric effect when vancomycin plus 2,000 microamperes EC were used against MRSA biofilms (P = 0.04) and when daptomycin and erythromycin were used in combination with 200 or 2,000 microamperes EC against S. epidermidis biofilms (P = 0.02 and 0.0004, respectively). The results of these experiments indicate that the enhancement of the activity of antimicrobial agents against biofilm organisms by EC is not a generalizable phenomenon across microorganisms and antimicrobial agents.
A dynamic ion cooling technique for FTICR mass spectrometry (2001)

A fast dynamic ion cooling technique based upon the adiabatic invariant phenomenon for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR) is presented. The method cools ions in the FTICR trap more efficiently, within a few hundred milliseconds without the use of a buffer gas, and results in a substantial signal enhancement. All performance aspects of the FTICR spectrum, e.g., peak intensities, mass resolution, and mass accuracy, improve significantly compared with cooling based on ion-ion interactions. The method may be useful in biological applications of FTICR, such as in proteomic studies involving extended on-line liquid chromatography (LC) separations, in which both the duty cycle and mass accuracy are crucially important.
Crystal structure of the major histocompatibility complex class I H-2Kb molecule containing a single viral peptide: implications for peptide binding and T-cell receptor recognition. (1992)

To study the structure of a homogenous major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule containing a single bound peptide, a complex of recombinant mouse H-2Kb, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), and a fragment of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) nuclear capsid protein, VSV-(N52-59) octapeptide (Arg-Gly-Tyr-Val-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Leu), was prepared by exploiting a high-yield bacterial expression system and in vitro cocomplex formation. The structure of mouse H-2Kb revealed its similarity to three human class I HLA molecules, consistent with the high primary sequence homology and common function of these peptide-presenting molecules. Electron density was located in the peptide-binding groove, to which a single peptide in a unique conformation was unambiguously fit. The peptide extends the length of the groove, parallel to the alpha-helices, and assumes an extended, mostly beta-strand conformation. The peptide is constrained within the groove by hydrogen bonding of its main-chain atoms and by contacts of its side chains with the H-2Kb molecule. The amino-terminal nitrogen atom of the peptide forms a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group of Tyr-171 of H-2Kb at one end of the groove, while the carboxyl-terminal oxygen forms a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group of Tyr-84 at the other end. Since the amino acids at both ends are conserved among human and mouse MHC molecules, this anchoring of each end of the peptide appears to be a general feature of peptide-MHC class I molecule binding and imposes restrictions on its length. The side chains of residues Tyr-3, Tyr-5, and Leu-8 of the VSV octapeptide fit into the interior of the H-2Kb molecule with no appreciable surface exposure, a finding in support of previous biological studies that showed the importance of these residues for binding. Thus, the basis for binding of specific peptide sequences to the MHC class I molecule is the steric restriction imposed on the peptide side chains by the architecture of the floor and sides of the groove. The side chains of Arg-1, Val-4, and Gln-6 and the main-chain of Gly-7 of the octapeptide are exposed on the surface of the complex, thus confirming their availability for T-cell receptor contact, as previously demonstrated by T-cell recognition experiments.
A high-voltage power supply operating under a magnetic field (2001)

This paper describes the performance of a high-voltage power supply incorporating a ceramic transformer. Since the transformer is constructed using a ceramic bar containing no magnetic material, the power supply can operate under a magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla with no degradation of performance. Feedback is used to stabilize high-voltage output such that a supply voltage of 3 V provides from 1500 to 2500 V at a load of more than 10 M/spl Omega/ with efficiency higher than 50%; and with a supply voltage of 2 V, 3000 V is supplied at a load of 20 M/spl Omega/. In fact, a supply voltage of 5 V is sufficient to provide 4000 V at the same load. A network of high-voltage power supplies is also described. Most functions of the power supply are thereby monitored and controlled through the network.
High Environmental Temperature Increases Glucose Requirement in the Developing Chicken Embryo (2013)

Environmental conditions during the perinatal period influence metabolic and developmental processes in mammals and avian species, which could impact pre- and postnatal survival and development. The current study investigated the effect of eggshell temperature (EST) on glucose metabolism in broiler chicken embryos. Broiler eggs were incubated at a high (38.9°C) or normal (37.8°C) EST from day 10.5 of incubation onward and were injected with a bolus of [U-(13)C]glucose in the chorio-allantoic fluid at day 17.5 of incubation. After [U-(13)C]glucose administration, (13)C enrichment was determined in intermediate pools and end-products of glucose metabolism. Oxidation of labeled glucose occurred for approximately 3 days after injection. Glucose oxidation was higher in the high than in the normal EST treatment from day 17.6 until 17.8 of incubation. The overall recovery of (13)CO2 tended to be 4.7% higher in the high than in the normal EST treatment. An increase in EST (38.9°C vs 37.8°C) increased (13)C enrichment in plasma lactate at day 17.8 of incubation and (13)C in hepatic glycogen at day 18.8 of incubation. Furthermore, high compared to normal EST resulted in a lower yolk-free body mass at day 20.9 (-2.74 g) and 21.7 (-3.81 g) of incubation, a lower hepatic glycogen concentration at day 18.2 (-4.37 mg/g) and 18.8 (-4.59 mg/g) of incubation, and a higher plasma uric acid concentration (+2.8 mg/mL/+43%) at day 21.6 of incubation. These results indicate that the glucose oxidation pattern is relatively slow, but the intensity increased consistently with an increase in developmental stage of the embryo. High environmental temperatures in the perinatal period of chicken embryos increased glucose oxidation and decreased hepatic glycogen prior to the hatching process. This may limit glucose availability for successful hatching and could impact body development, probably by increased gluconeogenesis from glucogenic amino acids to allow anaerobic glycolysis.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Role in Pesticide Resistance Management (1996)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has historically considered pesticide resistance management as an important component of environmentally sound pest management practices. However, EPA does not have an official policy or standard data requirements in place. This paper will consider: (1) how the Agency has considered pesticide resistance management under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) when making emergency exemption decisions (e.g., oxytetracycline), special review decisions (e.g., EBDCs), and registration decisions (e.g., synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, and plant-pesticides producing Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins); and (2) how the Agency is continuing to evaluate and refine the role pesticide resistance management has in the Agency's regulatory decisions.
Dynamic cache resizing architecture for high yield SOC (2009)

Dynamic cache resizing coupled with built in self test (BIST) is proposed to enhance yield of SRAM-based cache memory. BIST is used as part of the power-up sequence to identify the faulty memory addresses. Logic is added to prevent access to the identified locations, effectively reducing the cache size. Cache resizing approach can solve for as many faulty locations as the end user would like, while trading off on performance. Reliability and long term effect on memory such as pMOS NBTI issue is also compensated for by running BIST and implementing cache resizing architecture, hence detecting faults introduced over time. Since memory soft failures are worst at lower voltage operation dynamic cache resizing can be used to tradeoff power for performance. This approach supplements existing design time optimizations and adaptive design techniques used to enhance memory yield. Performance loss incurred due to the cache reduction is determined to be within 1%.
Classification of pizzicato and sustained articulations (2013)

Musical instrument recognition has recently received growing attention from the research community and music industry. It plays a significant role in multimedia applications. Many approaches have been proposed to classify musical instruments. Particularly, the articulation refers to the style in which a song's note is played. In this paper, we propose a new avenue for musical instrument classification into two categories: Pizzicato and Sustain articulations. New features derived from chromagram contours are investigated by using the classical invariant moments. A comparison with a reference system using a feature vector constructed from 38 feature parameters and using k-NN classifier is provided. The standard RWC database is used for all experiments.
Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid during taste bud degeneration and regeneration (1994)

Taste receptor cells are replaced throughout life, accompanied by continuing synaptogenesis between newly formed taste cells and first-order gustatory fibers. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is expressed by a subset of taste cells in adult rodents and appears on gustatory nerve fibers during development prior to differentiation of the taste buds. We employed antibodies against the extracellular domain of the NCAM polypeptide (mAb 3F4) and against polysialic acid (PSA) residues found on embryonic forms of NCAM (mAb 5A5) to investigate the relationship between the expression of these molecules and the innervation of taste buds in adult rats. In unoperated rats, anti-NCAM recognized a subset of cells within the vallate taste buds and also the fibers of the glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve, including those innervating the gustatory epithelium. Taste bud cells did not express PSA but mAb 5A5 immunoreactivity was observed on some fibers of the IXth nerve, including a few that entered the taste buds. Bilateral crush of the IXth nerve resulted in the loss of NCAM expression from the gustatory epithelium within 8 days. As IXth nerve fibers reinnervated the epithelium, NCAM expression was seen first in the nerve, followed by increased expression in the epithelium as the taste cells differentiated from their precursors. PSA expression by fibers of the IXth nerve did not return to normal until well after the regeneration of the vallate taste buds. The present results demonstrate that taste cell expression of NCAM is dependent upon innervation by the IXth nerve and that NCAM expression appears in the nerve prior to its expression in the differentiating epithelium during regeneration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Theory of the Concave Grating (1945)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. G. Beutler, "The Theory of the Concave Grating," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 35, 311-350 (1945) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Resonant Photoacoustic CO 2 Sensor Based on MID-IR LED and MEMS Microphone Technology Operating at 4.3µM (2016)

This paper presents work on the development of a MID-IR LED-based photoacoustic (PA) Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor. The transducer used is a MEMS microphone and the sensor was operated in the resonant mode, which makes it the first time that this light source and transducer combination are used in this mode for PA gas sensing, as far as the authors know. Optimisation of the sensor’s operation in the resonant mode was done using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the fundamental resonance frequency of the PA cell and the optimum position for the microphone. The COMSOL Multiphysics and analytical results computed were validated experimentally. Reduction of the inlet and outlet pipes diameter immensely minimized gas flow noise introduced into the PA cell. Cheaper, miniaturised and stand-alone PA sensors can be produced from MID-IR LEDs and MEMS microphones because they are small in size, inexpensive and consume less power. The importance of this work largely lies in the fact that the huge market demand for this type of sensors could be met by higher volume production at low cost using this technology. Ultimately the work will be an effective contribution to the monitoring and control of carbon emission.
A Multithreaded Distributed Telerobotic Framework (2006)

A reliable real-time client-server telerobotic system that uses a distributed component framework to promote software reusability, ease of extensibility, debugging, and data encapsulation is proposed. .NET remoting is used for automatic handling of the network resources and data transfer while isolating the components from network protocol issues. A client-server transfer of live stereo video provides the operator three-dimensional (3-D) views of the slave scene with augmented reality (AR) framework and services. Overall distributed framework and design independence improves the portability and modularity of the proposed telerobotic system. A multithreaded execution is proposed for streaming of force, command, and for the transfer of live stereo video data. The proposed framework provides a useful integrated software and hardware environment to enhance man-machine interactions using stereo visualization and AR in real-time telerobotic systems
8-Basically-substituted Caffeines (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT8-Basically-substituted CaffeinesF. F. Blicke and H. C. Godt Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2835Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibitory Effects of Constituents from Cynomorium songaricum and Related Triterpene Derivatives on HIV-1 Protease. (1999)

From CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts of the stems of Cynomorium songaricum RUPR. (Cynomoriaceae), ursolic acid and its hydrogen malonate were isolated as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 8 and 6 microM, respectively. Amongst various synthesized dicarboxylic acid hemiesters of related triterpenes, inhibitory activity tended to increase in the order of oxalyl, malonyl, succinyl and glutaryl hemiesters, for triterpenes such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid. The most potent inhibition was observed for the glutaryl hemiesters, with an IC50 of 4 microM. From the water extract of the stems of C. songaricum, flavan-3-ol polymers, consisting of epicatechin as their extender flavan units, were also found to be potent inhibitory principles against HIV-1 protease.
STANlite – A Database Engine for Secure Data Processing at Rack-Scale Level (2018)

Intel's novel Software Guard eXtensions (SGX) enable secure and trusted execution of services, thereby paving the way to outsource sensitive data processing to external data centers. While SGX promises trusted execution close to native speed, frequent I/O operations and memory usage beyond a hardware-dependent threshold of currently 92 MiB result in substantial performance degradation. For memory-intensive workloads such as key-value stores and databases these penalties can be prohibitively high. We present STANlite - an in-memory database engine for SGX-enabled secure data processing in rack-scale environments. STANlite performs efficient user-level paging, whenever a database workload requires more space than the performance-friendly in-memory state size. Furthermore, STANlite smartly combines the properties of Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) and SGX to reduce the overhead of network-based I/O operations. While SGX usually provides confidentiality and integrity at the same time, STANlite enables a purely integrity preserving data management mode for additional performance. Finally, STANlite features a small trusted computing base and is memory-efficient, as it extends SQLite, a database for embedded use. We evaluated STANlite in terms of query response time. It outperforms a vanilla SGX-based SQLite version by 1.79x for microbenchmarks and 2.44x for TPC-C.
Taxonomical studies on Achnanthes saxonica Krasske (1) (1984)

[in Japanese]
Effects of plasmin on von Willebrand factor multimers. Degradation in vitro and stimulation of release in vivo. (1985)

von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that mediates platelet adhesion, circulates in association with the procoagulant Factor VIII (FVIII). In previous reports, plasmin was shown in vitro to inactivate FVIII and cleave the vWF subunit extensively, but to cause only a modest decrease in vWF platelet-agglutinating activity. In the present study, the digestion of vWF multimers by plasmin was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoblotting. In vitro, plasmin degraded the large vWF multimers to smaller forms that could be distinguished from the small multimers present before digestion only by a slightly increased electrophoretic mobility. These plasmin-cleaved "multimers" were composed of disulfide-linked fragments with no intact vWF subunits. Thus, many plasmin cleavages occur within disulfide loops. The slight increase in mobility of plasmin-digested vWF is in part explained by the early cleavage from the multimers of a 34,000-mol wt peptide, which was purified and partially sequenced. The amino-terminal sequence (33 residues) agrees with the previously reported sequence (15 residues) for the amino terminus of the intact vWF subunit. Analysis of plasmin-digested vWF allowed deduction of a model for the native vWF structure, including the approximate location of the interprotomer disulfide bond(s). To determine whether plasmin would digest vWF in vivo, plasmas from 12 patients and 2 normal volunteers who received intravenous streptokinase (SK) were analyzed. Rather than vWF digestion, a two- to threefold rise in vWF antigen and platelet-agglutinating activity occurred within 2 h after a single SK dose, and the increase was greatest among the largest multimers. In contrast, FVIII clotting activity dropped to 10-20% of pre-SK levels. Thus, although plasmin destroys FVIII, a pharmacologically induced fibrinolytic state is associated with significant release of vWF from endothelial cells, platelets, or some other storage pool.
Fast Flexible Modeling of RNA Structure Using Internal Coordinates (2010)

Modeling the structure and dynamics of large macromolecules remains a critical challenge. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are expensive because they model every atom independently, and are difficult to combine with experimentally derived knowledge. Assembly of molecules using fragments from libraries relies on the database of known structures and thus may not work for novel motifs. Coarse-grained modeling methods have yielded good results on large molecules but can suffer from difficulties in creating more detailed full atomic realizations. There is therefore a need for molecular modeling algorithms that remain chemically accurate and economical for large molecules, do not rely on fragment libraries, and can incorporate experimental information. RNABuilder works in the internal coordinate space of dihedral angles and thus has time requirements proportional to the number of moving parts rather than the number of atoms. It provides accurate physics-based response to applied forces, but also allows user-specified forces for incorporating experimental information. A particular strength of RNABuilder is that all Leontis-Westhof basepairs can be specified as primitives by the user to be satisfied during model construction. We apply RNABuilder to predict the structure of an RNA molecule with 160 bases from its secondary structure, as well as experimental information. Our model matches the known structure to 10.2 Angstroms RMSD and has low computational expense.