gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biostabilization of mechanically separated municipal solid waste fraction (2000)

Municipal solid waste was processed by a mechanical-biological end composting process both in pilot and full-scale plants. The organic fraction obtained by mechanical treatment (fraction → < 50 mm) was processed at a high composting rate for 37 days followed by a curing phase of 79 days. Process parameters were registered and kept in an optimal range (oxygen > 140 ml 1 -1 , temperature < 65°C, moisture > 500 g kg -1 w.w.). After the high-rate phase, the products obtained showed a high degradation coefficient and good biological stability (ΔVS = - 54.75% and -35.35%, DRI = 300 and 500 mg O 2 kg -1 VS h -1 , respectively, for pilot and full-scale plants) especially for the pilot plant, indicating that it is not possible to obtain the same performance for a full-scale plant as obtained under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the successive curing phase showed less of a discrepancy between the two processes (ΔVS = - 66.33% and -56.87%, DRI = 280 and 360 mg O 2 kg -1 VS h -1 , respectively, for pilot and full scale plants). The quality of the stabilized product was tested by biogas production tests. As expected, a sample processed in the pilot plant produced less biogas (26 1 kg TS -1 ) than that obtained at full scale (40 1 kg TS -1 ). An unprocessed sample produced less biogas owing to the production of organic acids, which, by lowering the pH, inhibit the generation of gas.
Programmable Assembly of Colloidal Particles Using Magnetic Microwell Templates (2004)

A substrate of thin micromagnets covered by a template of microwells is used to direct the assembly of superparamagnetic colloidal beads into two-dimensional arrays. It is confirmed that the magnetization of the micromagnets can direct beads to programmed locations on the substrate with assistance of externally applied magnetic fields. Empirical investigations on this topic were guided by mathematical models with the intent to elucidate the conditions that promote a single bead to be assembled in the desired microwells. To demonstrate that this technique is programmable, heterogeneous arrays of colored beads are produced.
Low Activation State of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Carboxysome-Defective Synechococcus Mutants (1995)

The high-CO2-requiring mutant of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, EK6, was obtained after extension of the C terminus of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The carboxysomes in EK6 were much larger than in the wild type, but the cellular distribution of the large and small sub-units of Rubisco was not affected. The kinetic parameters of in vitro-activated Rubisco were similar in EK6 and in the wild type. On the other hand, Rubisco appeared to be in a low state of activation in situ in EK6 cells pretreated with an air level of CO2. This was deduced from the appearance of a lag phase when carboxylation was followed with time in cells permeabilized by detergent and subsequently supplied with saturating CO2 and RuBP. Pretreatment of the cells with high CO2 virtually abolished the lag. After low-CO2 treatment, the internal RuBP pool was much higher in mutant cells than in the wild-type cells; pretreatment with high CO2 reduced the pool in mutant cells. We suggest that the high-CO2-requiring phenotype in mutants that possess aberrant carboxysomes arises from the inactivated state of Rubisco when the cells are exposed to low CO2.
WiFinger (2016)

In recent literatures, WiFi signals have been widely used to "sense" people's locations and activities. Researchers have exploited the characteristics of wireless signals to "hear" people's talk and "see" keystrokes by human users. Inspired by the excellent work of relevant scholars, we turn to explore the field of human-computer interaction using finger-grained gestures under WiFi environment. In this paper, we present Wi-Finger - the first solution using ubiquitous wireless signals to achieve number text input in WiFi devices. We implement a prototype of WiFinger on a commercial Wi-Fi infrastructure. Our scheme is based on the key intuition that while performing a certain gesture, the fingers of a user move in a unique formation and direction and thus generate a unique pattern in the time series of Channel State Information (CSI) values. WiFinger is deigned to recognize a set of finger-grained gestures, which are further used to realize continuous text input in off-the-shelf WiFi devices. As the results show, WiFinger achieves up to 90.4% average classification accuracy for recognizing 9 digits finger-grained gestures from American Sign Language (ASL), and its average accuracy for single individual number text input in desktop reaches 82.67% within 90 digits.
Tumorigenicity and its suppression in cybrids of mouse and Chinese hamster cell lines. (1978)

The effect of cytoplasm upon the expression of tumorigenicity was examined with a pair of mouse and a pair of Chinese hamster cell lines, in intraspecies cybrids formed by reciprocal fusions between either tumorigenic or nontumorigenic cells and cytoplasms derived from them. With the mouse cells, 3T3 and the simian virus 40-transformed line SVT2, the cybrid clones were tumorigenic when SVT2 cells were fused with 3T3 cytoplasts, but not in the reciprocal fusion. With the hamster cells, CHEF/18 and the spontaneous transformant CHEF/16, however, tumorigenicity was partially suppressed in cybrid clones formed by fusion of tumorigenic CHEF/16 cells with CHEF/18 cytoplasts; cybrids were nontumorigenic in the reciprocal fusion. Thus, cybrid analysis has shown that tumorigenicity is not cytoplasmically transmitted in these two cell pairs, but suppression of tumor-forming ability may be cytoplasmically transmitted in the hamster cybrids.
Lambert Guidance Routine Designed to Match Position and Velocity of Ballistic Target (2004)

A three-degree-of-freedom interceptor missile simulation designed to rendezvous with a ballistic target is presented. The guidance scheme is designed to match the position and velocity of a ballistic target so that the interceptor will follow the target after the rendezvous. The guidance routine uses Lambert guidance to control the missile during the boost phase and put it on course to meet the ballistic target trajectory. After a long ballistic coast phase, shortly before rendezvous with the ballistic target, a short fourth-stage burn is scheduled to match the velocity of the ballistic target. The two-dimensional Lambert guidance equations are generalized to a three-dimensional coordinate system with the appropriate transformation matrix. The derivation of the equations for the miss distance created by the ∆V maneuver and required modifications to Lambert guidance are presented. Powell’s method is used to optimize the missile time of flight to reduce the maneuver ∆V requirements. The missile simulation is used to produce several trajectories and explore the ∆V requirements as a function of downrange and crossrange launch position of the interceptor.
Structural determination of quercusides A and B, new flavonoid glucosides from <i>Quercus incana</i>, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (2009)

Quercusides A and B, new flavonoid glucosides have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fractions of Quercus incana. Their structures were assigned from (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) and by correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. Lupeol, beta-sitosterol and ursolic acid have also been reported from this species.
Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Passivation, and Functionalization (2008)

Nanoparticles are defined as particles with size in the range of 1 to 100 nm at least in one of the three dimensions. Because of this very small size scale, they possess an immense surface area per unit volume, a high proportion of atoms in the surface and near surface layers, and the ability to exhibit quantum effects. The resulting unique properties of nanoparticles cannot be anticipated from a simple extrapolation of the properties of bulk materials. Nanoparticles exist with great chemical diversity in the form of metals, metal oxides, semiconductors, polymers, carbon materials, organics or biological. They also exhibit great morphological diversity with shapes such as spheres, cylinders, disks, platelets, hollow spheres and tubes, etc. Nanoparticles can be generated via a number of synthetic routes based on gas, liquid or solid phase approaches. The synthesized nanoparticles have to be surface modified in most cases, in order to passivate and stabilize them since their nanoscale renders them chemically very reactive and/or physically aggregative. The nanoparticles are also surface functionalized in order to meet the needs of specific applications. Nanoparticles serve as the fundamental building blocks for various nanotechnology applications.
The Organization of Networks in Plan 9. (1993)

In a distributed system networks are of paramount importance. This paper describes the implementation, design philosophy, and organization of network support in Plan 9. Topics include network requirements for distributed systems, our kernel implementation, network naming, user interfaces, and performance. We also observe that much of this organiza› tion is relevant to current systems.
Binding of hydroxamic acid inhibitors to crystalline thermolysin suggests a pentacoordinate zinc intermediate in catalysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of hydroxamic acid inhibitors to crystalline thermolysin suggests a pentacoordinate zinc intermediate in catalysisM. A. Holmes and B. W. MatthewsCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 24, 6912–6920Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00527a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00527a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomarker analyses from the phase III placebo-controlled SATURN study of maintenance erlotinib following first-line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC (2009)

8020 Background: The SATURN (BO18192) study investigated whether erlotinib maintenance therapy improved PFS in patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC who had obtained clinical benefit from 1st-line chemotherapy. This study included a prospective analysis of the prognostic/predictive value of several molecular markers. Methods: 889 pts with advanced NSCLC whose disease had not progressed following 4 cycles of 1st-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy were randomized to erlotinib 150 mg/day or placebo. Mandatory tumor specimens were collected at baseline and tested for EGFR protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), EGFR gene copy number using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), and EGFR and KRAS somatic mutations using DNA sequencing. Pts were stratified according to EGFR IHC status (any membranous staining in ≥10% tumor cells used as cut-off); the co-primary endpoint was PFS in EGFR IHC+ pts. Baseline whole blood samples were obtained for genotyping of EGFR (intron 1 CA-repeat polymorphisms). Results: In the overall population, erlotinib significantly prolonged PFS vs placebo (HR 0.71, p<.0001; primary endpoint). The co-primary endpoint was also met, with erlotinib significantly improving PFS in the EGFR IHC+ group (HR 0.69, p<.0001). Many tumor samples were assessable for molecular marker status (see table). Biomarker data suggest that patients derived a PFS benefit with erlotinib irrespective of EGFR FISH or EGFR intron 1 CA-repeat status. The magnitude of benefit with erlotinib was similar in both KRAS-mutant and KRAS wild-type pts. Conclusions: This is the largest biomarker analysis performed for erlotinib in a randomized, placebo-controlled setting, and answers key scientific questions regarding the prognostic and predictive value of potential biomarkers of efficacy. Full data will be presented. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Reflectance Modulation by the Surface Field in GaAs (1968)

By studying reflectance spectra in GaAs modulated by a second, intense light beam, we have observed oscillatory structures in the spectra near the energy gap as well as near 3 eV. We conclude that these structures result from a neutralization of the builtin surface field by free carriers created by the intense light beam. The experimental line shape near the band gap is qualitatively very similar to the theoretical prediction for the Franz-Keldysh effect but is shifted to lower energies presumably due to exciton effects.
Recent Developments in Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanocrystals (2012)

This feature article introduces our recent work on understanding the roles played by citrate and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as capping agents in seed-mediated syntheses of Ag nanocrystals with controlled shapes. We have demonstrated that citrate and PVP selectively bind to Ag(111) and Ag(100) surfaces, respectively, and thus favor the formation of Ag nanocrystals enclosed preferentially by {111} or {100} facets. In addition, we have quantified the coverage density of PVP adsorbed on the surface of Ag nanocubes. Based on the mechanistic understanding, a series of Ag nanocrystals with controlled shapes and sizes have been successfully synthesized by using different combinations of seeds and capping agents: single-crystal spherical/cubic seeds with citrate for cuboctahedrons and octahedrons or with PVP for cubes and bars; and plate-like seeds with citrate for enlarged thin plates or with PVP for thickened plates.
Syntheses of Biodegradable Polyesters and Effect of Chemical Structure on Biodegradation. (2001)

脂肪族ポリエステル類を合成し，その酵素加水分解性をポリマーの化学構造と関連付けて考察した．対象としたポリマーは主として乳酸系コポリマー，γ-ブチロラクトンを原料とするコポリマー，オキシラン/ラクトン系コポリマー，ヒドロキシ基を持つコポリマーである．γ-ブチロラクトンはきわめて重合しにくいモノマーであるが，分子間エステル交換反応を利用することにより，L-ラクチドやほかのラクトン類と共重合させることができ，その含有率は最大30%程度であった．長鎖脂肪族ジカルボン酸ジグリシジルエステルと各種ジカルボン酸との重付加により，ヒドロキシ基を持つポリマーが合成され，そのヒドロキシ基は容易にアシル化反応を受けた．この反応の利用により，ヒドロキシ基を持つポリマーは機能性生分解性プラスチックの開発のための原料として有望であることが示された．生分解性の評価手法として，リパーゼによる酵素加水分解法を用いた．分解に及ぼす高分子鎖の化学構造の因子として，コポリマーの組成，主鎖中の連続メチレン鎖数，側鎖置換基の影響について考察した．生分解性はコポリマーのある組成比で極大を示すが，ポリマー中のエステル含有率やランダム性，結晶性も影響を及ぼす．メチル側鎖は分解を抑制し，単位構造中のメチレン鎖数は3–5の場合に大きな生分解性を示した．エステル結合でつながる側鎖を持つポリエステルでは主鎖よりも側鎖のエステル結合の方が分解を受けやすい．これらの知見は，プラスチックの生分解性をコントロールするための分子設計に重要である．
척수성 근위축증 환자의 유전형과 표현형에 대한 상관관계 연구 (1999)

배 경 : 척수성근위축증(SMA)은 척수 전각세포나 뇌간핵의 변성 또는 소실로 인해 점진적 인 근력의 약화나 근위축을 초래하는 질환으로 상염색체상에서 열성 유전되는 소아 신경근질환이다. 이 질환은 염색체 5번 장완(5q11.2-13.3)에 존재하는 여러 candidate gene, 즉 SMN, NAIP 및 p44 유전자의 결함으로 발생되는 것으로 본다....
Deep Convolutional Computation Model for Feature Learning on Big Data in Internet of Things (2017)

Currently, a large number of industrial data, usually referred to big data, are collected from Internet of Things (IoT). Big data are typically heterogeneous, i.e., each object in big datasets is multimodal, posing a challenging issue on the convolutional neural network (CNN) that is one of the most representative deep learning models. In this paper, a deep convolutional computation model (DCCM) is proposed to learn hierarchical features of big data by using the tensor representation model to extend the CNN from the vector space to the tensor space. To make full use of the local features and topologies contained in the big data, a tensor convolution operation is defined to prevent overfitting and improve the training efficiency. Furthermore, a high-order backpropagation algorithm is proposed to train the parameters of the deep convolutional computational model in the high-order space. Finally, experiments on three datasets, i.e., CUAVE, SNAE2, and STL-10 are carried out to verify the performance of the DCCM. Experimental results show that the deep convolutional computation model can give higher classification accuracy than the deep computation model or the multimodal model for big data in IoT.
Fracture Toughness Testing at Alcoa Research Laboratories (1965)

At Alcoa Research Laboratories, fracture toughness determinations are made on commercial and promising experimental alloys and tempers with center-cracked specimens, single- and double-edge-notched specimens, and notched round specimens. Compliance techniques are usually used to detect the initiation of unstable crack growth. Kahn-type tear tests and sharp-notch tension tests are used as screening tests to supplement fracture toughness testing in the evaluation of the effects of composition, fabrication procedure, temper, and environment on the fracture characteristics of aluminum alloys. Tear tests have the advantage that direct measures of the relative amounts of energy required to propagate a crack can be obtained even for the toughest of aluminum alloys; furthermore, the unit propagation energy from the tear test is directly correlated with the valid values of Kc and KIc. Sharp-notch tension tests are economical and, particularly when general yielding is not obtained, the ratio of notch strength to yield strength provides a meaningful measure of relative toughness. Specific examples are given of instances in which these techniques have been used to: (1) determine which series of aluminum alloys shows the most promise for the development of high-toughness alloys; (2) establish optimum compositions and fabricating procedures for specific alloys; (3) develop optimum tempers; and (4) indicate the outstanding alloys for cryogenic applications.
Proximity gettering with mega-electron-volt carbon and oxygen implantations (1988)

We have demonstrated that a buried gettering layer can be formed with a single MeV ion implantation without damaging the top device region. The strong gettering efficiency of carbon implant and its linear dependence on dose are confirmed. A surprising feature of the carbon implanted layers is that no extended defects are formed after annealing for implant doses up to 2×1016 cm−2 at 3 MeV, compared to a layer of small precipitates and dislocations in the case of oxygen implantation. It is suggested that the carbon-related gettering centers are point defects or their clusters.
Mutation of BAD within the BH3 domain impairs its phosphorylation‐mediated regulation (2003)

Pro-apoptotic functions of the BH3-only protein BAD are negatively regulated by survival signal-mediated phosphorylation at several serine residues. Recently, we found that the mutant BAD (BADD119G) with an amino acid substitution of Asp (Asp119 to Gly) within the BH3 domain displays strong pro-apoptotic activity in serum-starved COS-7 cells, although it cannot interact with Bcl-2. Here, we demonstrate that the BADD119G loses phosphorylation-mediated negative regulation. Importantly, pro-apoptotic activity of wild-type BAD (BADwt) was strongly suppressed by co-transfection with constitutively active Akt (CA-Akt) cDNA, whereas that of BADD119G was not. In these transfectants, BADD119G phosphorylation was barely detectable at serine residues (S75 and S99), although BADwt phosphorylation was clearly increased by CA-Akt. In addition, various external stimuli UV, TPA and forskolin could not phosphorylate BADD119G neither at S75, S99 nor S118 in COS-7 cells. However, in vitro kinase assay revealed that catalytic protein kinase A (PKA) strongly phosphorylated both BADs at S75 and S118, excluding the possibility that the target sequence of PKA was disrupted by mutation at S119. Furthermore, as a result of disrupted phosphorylation, BADD119G could not physically interact with 14-3-3. Taken together, disruption of phosphorylation-mediated negative regulation may explain, at least in part, the strong pro-apoptotic functions of BADD119G, and suggest a role for the BH3 domain in phosphorylation events.
A novel method to synthesize docetaxel and its isomer with high yields (2005)

Side chains of docetaxel and its isomer were obtained through Staudinger cycloaddition and catalytic hydrogenation of chlorophenyl intermediates, using chlorobenzaldehyde as starting material. Syntheses of three novel chiral azetidinone derivatives through the Staudinger cycloaddition reaction of chlorophenyl chi-ral amine Schiff base with different substituted positions were described and their ring-opening reaction under the catalysis of Pd/MgCO3 or Pd/C to afford side chains of docetaxel and its isomer in high yields was investigated. Finally, docetaxel and its isomer were obtained. Single crystal of (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-N-[(S)-(l-phenyl)ethyl]-4 -(2′-chlorophenyl) -2-azetidinone (4c) was obtained, the configuration of which was determined by X-ray diffraction. Because of the mild cyclization reaction condition and convenient asymmetric resolution operation when p-chlorobenzaldehyde was employed instead of benzaldehyde, the yield of cyclization and hydrogenation increased dramatically and the total yield of docetaxel was higher than the result in literature. When o-chlorobenzaldehyde was employed instead of benzaldehyde an isomer of docetaxel was obtained by the same way.
Laser immunotherapy for treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer and melanoma (2011)

Laser immunotherapy (LIT) was developed for the treatment of metastatic tumors. It combines local selective photothermal interaction and active immunological stimulation to induce a long-term, systemic anti-tumor immunity. During the past sixteen years, LIT has been advanced from bench-top to bedside, with promising outcomes. In our pre-clinical and preliminary clinical studies, LIT has demonstrated the capability in inducing immunological responses, which not only can eradicate the treated primary tumors, but also can eliminate untreated metastases at distant sites. Specifically, LIT has been used to treat advanced melanoma and breast cancer patients during the past five years. LIT was shown to be effective in controlling both primary tumors and distant metastases in late-stage patients, who have failed conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and other more advanced approaches. The methodology and the development of LIT are presented in this paper. The patients' responses to LIT are also reported in this paper. The preliminary results obtained in these studies indicated that LIT could be an effective modality for the treatment of patients with late-stage, metastatic cancers, who are facing severely limited options.
Analysis of light elements on Si wafer by vapor-phase decomposition/total reflection X-ray fluorescence. (1999)

気相分解(VPD)を組み合わせた全反射蛍光X線分析(TXRF), VPD/TXRF法によって, Siウェハー上の極微量Na及びAlの分析を行った. Na及びAlの高感度分析を行うために, W-Mα線を用いてTXRF測定を行った.従来のTXRFでは検出できなかった1011 atoms cm-2の汚染レベルの試料において,分析対象元素に帰属されるピークが明確に観測された.150mm径のウェハーに対してVPD処理を行った場合,検出下限値(LLD)は, LLD(Na)=3×1010 atoms cm-2, LLD(Al)=2×109 atoms cm-2であり,従来法と比較しておよそ2けた向上した.得られた結果を原子吸光法の結果と比較し,両者に良い一致が見られた.励起X線の視斜角を変化させたTXRF測定を行い,試料の付着形態を評価した.その結果,VPD処理によって,ウェハー上の分析対象物質の付着形態が,粒子状になることが確認された.