gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Location of High Impedance Faults in Multiconductor Overhead Distribution Lines Using Power Line Communication Devices (2014)

An effective power system protection scheme has to be able to detect and locate all occurring faults corresponding to low and high impedance values. The latter category poses the greatest challenge for the protection schemes due to the low values of the related fault current. This paper extends previous work by the authors on the subject, aiming to achieve detection and location of high impedance faults (HIFs) in multiconductor overhead distribution networks utilizing power line communication (PLC) devices. Fault detection is proposed to be performed by a PLC device installed at the starting point of the monitored line and by using differences to the values of metrics related to input impedance at frequencies utilized by narrowband systems. Moreover, fault location can be derived by a response to impulse injection procedure utilized by all installed PLC devices along the line. The method is evaluated and validated in various simulation test cases concerning its ability to effectively detect and locate HIFs.
Enhanced Electrical Performance and Heat Dissipation in AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes Using Hybrid Tri-anode Structure (2016)

Enhanced performance in AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) is investigated using a nanowire hybrid tri-anode structure that integrates 3-D Schottky junctions with tri-gate transistors. The fabricated SBDs presented an increased output current density with an improved linearity, above 1 A/mm at 5 V when normalized by an effective anode width, over three orders of magnitude lower reverse leakage current and superior heat dissipation. The sidewall Schottky contacts reduced the turn-on voltage and eliminated the nonideality caused by the AlGaN barrier. The large surface area of the tri-gate architecture greatly enhanced heat dissipation and largely reduced the average temperature as well as thermal resistance of the integrated tri-gate transistors. The trench conduction near SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /GaN interface, formed under forward bias at both sidewalls and bottom of nanowire trenches, compensated part of the self-heating degradation and improved the output linearity of the device. Optimal design for the tri-anode structure, based on a model of critical filling factor, was proposed to surmount the issue of partial removal of 2-D electron gas (2DEG), unveiling the potential of nanostructured GaN devices to achieve comparable or even larger output current than counterpart planar devices.
Stroboscopic interferometer system for dynamic MEMS characterization (2000)

We describe a computer-controlled stroboscopic phase-shifting interferometer system for measuring out-of-plane motions and deformations of MEMS structures with nanometer accuracy. To aid rapid device characterization, our system incorporates (1) an imaging interferometer that records motion at many points simultaneously without point-by-point scanning, (2) an integrated computer-control and data-acquisition unit to automate measurement, and (3) an analysis package that generates sequences of time-resolved surface-height maps from the captured data. The system can generate a detailed picture of microstructure dynamics in minutes. A pulsed laser diode serves as the stroboscopic light source permitting measurement of large-amplitude motion (tens of micrometers out-of-plane) at kilohertz frequencies. The high out-of-plane sensitivity of the method makes it particularly suitable for characterizing actuated micro-optical elements for which even nanometer-scale deformations can produce substantial performance degradation. We illustrate the capabilities of the system with a study of the dynamic behavior of a polysilicon surface-micromachined scanning mirror that was fabricated in the MCNC MUMPS foundry process.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Different Levothyroxine Preparations in the Treatment of Human Thyroid Disease (2003)

At the present time, optimal therapy for hypothyroidism requires replacement of the deficiency in thyroid hormone with synthetic levothyroxine. Precise titration of this narrow therapeutic index drug is necessary to return the patient to a chemically and clinically euthyroid state. Seven levothyroxine formulations are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and four are available to the physician. Proper dosage is established based on thyrotropin (TSH) testing and clinical evaluation. Each levothyroxine preparation must comply with FDA standards for bioavailability but may vary with respect to its dissolution and absorption properties and are not interchangeable. This equivalence testing is done on normal volunteers and requires a suprapharmacologic dose of levothyroxine in order to make the determination of bioavailability. In this review we discuss the various methods to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and bioequivalence of levothyroxine preparations in the treatment of thyroid disease. These are relevant to the physician and patient because small differences in the efficacy can produce unwanted effects of either underreplacement or overreplacement.
Dendritic cells and routing cargo into exosomes (2018)

Extracellular vesicles, released from cells, are important for intercellular communication. They are heterogeneous but fall into two broad categories based on origin and function: microvesicles formed by outward budding from the plasma membrane; and exosomes that originate as intraluminal vesicles in multivesicular endosomes that fuse with the plasma membrane to release them. Extracellular vesicles generally and exosomes in particular have powerful effects on specific immune responses, and recent advances highlight their potential therapeutic uses. Dendritic cells (DC) that have internalized antigen release exosomes that express MHC class II molecules loaded with antigenic peptides, co-stimulatory molecules and intact antigen. Depending on the setting, these stimulate CD4 T-cell proliferation either directly or only in the context of accessory antigen naïve DC. Here, we discuss the reasons for this; and review current knowledge about the loading of antigen, class II and other cargo into exosomes released by DC and other professional antigen-presenting cells in the context of advances in exosome biology more generally.
Clinical implications of variable antiarrhythmic drug metabolism (1992)

Due to their narrow therapeutic indices, antiarrhythmic drugs have a great potential for adverse outcome. This is amplified by extreme inter-individual variability in their disposition and their pharmacological actions. Genetically determined inter-individual differences in metabolism account for a great deal of this variability. However, because of active metabolites, chirally-specific actions and chirally-specific metabolism, it is not possible to generalize about the outcome of phenotypic differences in the metabolism of a given drug. Careful study of these factors can enable physicians to understand the spectrum of potential responses to a drug. Newly developed molecular biology techniques now make it possible to determine the genotype for the CYP2D6 gene that controls metabolism of many antiarrhythmic drugs. This information, combined with a full understanding of the drugs' clinical pharmacology now makes it possible to predict the clinical outcome for drugs such as encainide, flecainide, mexiletine, propafenone and combinations of these drugs with quinidine.
A simple method for the production of large volume 3D macroporous hydrogels for advanced biotechnological, medical and environmental applications (2016)

The development of bulk, three-dimensional (3D), macroporous polymers with high permeability, large surface area and large volume is highly desirable for a range of applications in the biomedical, biotechnological and environmental areas. The experimental techniques currently used are limited to the production of small size and volume cryogel material. In this work we propose a novel, versatile, simple and reproducible method for the synthesis of large volume porous polymer hydrogels by cryogelation. By controlling the freezing process of the reagent/polymer solution, large-scale 3D macroporous gels with wide interconnected pores (up to 200 μm in diameter) and large accessible surface area have been synthesized. For the first time, macroporous gels (of up to 400 ml bulk volume) with controlled porous structure were manufactured, with potential for scale up to much larger gel dimensions. This method can be used for production of novel 3D multi-component macroporous composite materials with a uniform distribution of embedded particles. The proposed method provides better control of freezing conditions and thus overcomes existing drawbacks limiting production of large gel-based devices and matrices. The proposed method could serve as a new design concept for functional 3D macroporous gels and composites preparation for biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications.
Pentalysine-deoxyribonucleic acid interactions: a model for the general effects of ion concentrations on the interactions of proteins with nucleic acids (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentalysine-deoxyribonucleic acid interactions: a model for the general effects of ion concentrations on the interactions of proteins with nucleic acidsTimothy M. Lohman, Pieter L. DeHaseth, and M. Thomas Record Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 15, 3522–3530Publication Date (Print):December 9, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 9 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00556a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00556a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of Modification on the Solution Heat-treatment Response of Cast Al-Si-Mg Alloys (1988)

AbstractA preliminary investigation has been conducted to evaluate the influence of Sr modification on the solution heat-treatment response of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg (A356.0) alloys. Modified and unmodified test castings were produced in zircon-coated steel moulds and were solutionised at a constant temperature for varying times. The microstructural changes in the Si-particle morphology were analysed as a function of solution time. Machined samples were obtained from test castings to determine the tensile properties. The results indicate that the solution treatment is accompanied by spheroidisation and coarsening of Si particles. The kinetics of spheroidisation are much higher in modified than in unmodified samples. Because of the diversity in particle size distribution, however, greater coarsening rates are observed in unmodified specimens. The tensile properties of the casting increase with the duration of solution treatment and upon modification of the melt. The effect of modification is to lower the solution time necessary to obtain the desired mechanical properties in the casting.
Stimulus competition modulates the joint effects of spatial and feature-based attention on visual sensitivity (2014)

Goal: Selectively monitoring a location in the peripheral visual field improves perceptual judgements and enhances neural responses to stimuli at that location. In addition, attending to a particular feature value, such as a specific color, improves processing of items with that feature across the visual field. We investigated whether and how spatial and feature-based attention interact to modulate visual sensitivity in a discrimination task. Methods: Observers monitored overlapping groups of dots for a subtle change in color saturation, which they had to localize as being in the upper or lower hemifield. At the start of each trial, a pre-cue indicated the most likely side (left or right), color (red or green), or both side and color of the target saturation change. The location cue and the color cue could each be valid, neutral, or invalid, and we measured sensitivity (d') for every combination. In Experiment 1, only one patch of dots changed in saturation. In Experiment 2, there were three other saturation changes (distractors) simultaneous with the target change. A post-cue indicated which dots to judge. Results: For both cue types, d' was higher in valid than invalid trials. When only a single saturation change occurred, the location and color cueing effects were statistically independent and approximately additive. However, when competing saturation changes occurred simultaneously with the target saturation change, the location and color cueing effects interacted. The effect (i.e. valid d' – invalid d') of each type of cue was strongest when the other type of cue was valid. Moreover, spatial attention was only effective in modulating sensitivity for attended colors. Conclusion: In light of these findings and previous physiological studies, we conclude that spatial and feature-based attention can operate independently. However, their joint consequences for perception depend on the presence of competing visual information. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
Differential Gene Expression in Ovarian Tumors Reveals <i>Dusp 4</i> and <i>Serpina 5</i> As Key Regulators for Benign Behavior of Serous Borderline Tumors (2005)

We propose that the putative tumor suppressor genes Dusp 4 and Serpina 5 provide a major clue to the indolent behavior of SBTs.
Effect of Surface Chemistry on Confined Phase Behavior in Nanoporous Media: An Experimental and Molecular Modeling Study (2018)

It is well accepted that nanopore size is a controlling parameter in determining the phase behavior of confined adsorbate molecules. Despite this knowledge, the quantitative effect of surface chemistry on the confined phase behavior is a factor that remains obfuscated. Obtaining a complete understanding of the variables controlling confined phase behavior is a critical step in developing more complete equations of state for predictive modeling. To this end, a combined experimental and molecular modeling study was conducted to investigate the effects of surface chemistry and wetting on the confined phase behavior of propane and n-butane in modified and unmodified silica MCM-41. Isotherms were measured in four types of silica MCM-41 modified with varying sizes of alkyl groups to determine the effects of increasing surface modification. Results showed that increased pore surface coverage of carbon resulted in a notable change in the capillary condensation pressures, adsorption enthalpy, and confined critical temperature of the adsorbate. Correlations between the surface coverage of carbon and the confined critical temperature were presented and supported by thermodynamic arguments. The primary conclusions were partially supported by hybrid molecular dynamics-Monte Carlo simulations of propane adsorption in models of the four types of experimental adsorbents. Several differences were noted and explained between the experimental and modeling results. Energetic heterogeneity on the surface of the modified MCM-41 adsorbents as well as differences in adsorbate entropy induced by surface features and chemistry were suggested as primary driving factors for the observed trends. The results of this work have direct implications for improving understanding of confined phase behavior in materials of varying surface chemistries.
Role of tumor necrosis factor receptors in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells. (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to mediate numerous cellular responses through its interaction with two distinct types of receptor. However, the relationship between TNF receptor and the biological response is not well understood. Modulation of the number of cell surface receptors by various agents has shown a lack of direct correlation with biological responses to the cytokine. In this report, we used several approaches to investigate the relationship between TNF receptor number and an early response in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells. When we examined the activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), an event mediated by TNF within 10-15 min, we discovered a correlation between TNF receptor occupancy up to a certain threshold and the extent of activation of the transcription factor. In addition, by kinetically down-regulating TNF receptor expression with phorbol esters, cycloheximide, or trypsin, we determined that receptors were necessary for transduction of the TNF signal. However, 10-25% of total receptors were sufficient for optimum induction of the NF-kappa B signal. When examined in different cell lines, the activation of an early biological response was found to be related not only to the TNF receptor number but also to the type of TNF receptor. These results, overall, suggest that although TNF receptors are essential for induction of NF-kappa B, a small percentage is sufficient to fully transduce this signal.
Propagation and primary isolation of JCV and BKV in urinary epithelial cell cultures. (1983)

Human papovavirus JC, previously passaged in amnion cells, produced a cytopathic effect in urine-derived epithelial cells, and virus-specific antigens were demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence. The hemagglutinating titer of JCV purified from infected cell cultures was generally 100- to 1000-fold higher than the amount of viral hemagglutinin used to initiate infection. Amnion-passaged JCV was readily adapted to growth in urine-derived epithelial cells. The prototype strain of human papovavirus BK, adapted to growth in human embryonic lung cells, also productively infected urine-derived epithelial cells. Primary human fetal glial cells and urine-derived cells were used in parallel experiments for primary isolation of JCV from diseased brain tissue. For this purpose, primary human fetal glial cells were more sensitive than urine-derived epithelial cells. Primary isolations of JCV and BKV from urine sediments of transplant patients and a normal male were made in urine-derived cells. Two renal transplant patients were identified as simultaneously excreting JCV and BKV. Both JCV and BKV genomes were molecularly cloned from one urine specimen of a double excretor. Although direct comparisons between primary human fetal glial and urine-derived epithelial cells were not made, it appears that the latter may be more suitable for primary isolation of JCV from urine.
Properties of the ribosome-inactivating proteins gelonin, <i>Momordica charantia</i> inhibitor, and dianthins (1982)

The amino acid and sugar compositions of four ribosome-inactivating proteins (gelonin, Momordica charantia inhibitor, dianthin 30 and dianthin 32) were determined. The proteins are all basic glycoproteins (pI greater than 8) containing mannose (more abundant in gelonin), glucose, xylose, fucose (absent from gelonin) and glucosamine. The ribosome-inactivating properties of the proteins examined are not modified by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide. Precipitating and inactivating antibodies can be raised against ribosome-inactivating proteins; a weak cross-reaction was observed only between dianthin 30 and dianthin 32.
Tough Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (2008)

The toughness of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been significantly improved via systematic changes in chemistry. Chemistry changes were selected based on their likely effects on critical elastic constants shown to affect plasticity/toughness in various BMGs, in addition to their recently discovered effects on chemical bonding in these Fe-based systems. The fracture energy obtained on notched toughness samples tested in mode I was correlated with chemistry-induced changes to Poisson’s ratio ν and the ratio of the elastic shear modulus μ to the bulk modulus B, as was the strain energy at fracture for smooth cylindrical compression samples that failed under mode II conditions. Fractographic observations correlate well with the observed increases in toughness.
Synthetic self-assembling ADDomer platform for highly efficient vaccination by genetically encoded multiepitope display (2019)

Self-assembling virus-like particles represent highly attractive tools for developing next-generation vaccines and protein therapeutics. We created ADDomer, an adenovirus-derived multimeric protein-based self-assembling nanoparticle scaffold engineered to facilitate plug-and-play display of multiple immunogenic epitopes from pathogens. We used cryo-electron microscopy at near-atomic resolution and implemented novel, cost-effective, high-performance cloud computing to reveal architectural features in unprecedented detail. We analyzed ADDomer interaction with components of the immune system and developed a promising first-in-kind ADDomer-based vaccine candidate to combat emerging Chikungunya infectious disease, exemplifying the potential of our approach.
Successful isolation of a reduced tetrathiometallate complex. Synthesis and structural characterization of the [(MoS4)2Fe]3- trianion (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSuccessful isolation of a reduced tetrathiometallate complex. Synthesis and structural characterization of the [(MoS4)2Fe]3- trianionD. Coucouvanis, E. D. Simhon, and N. C. BaenzigerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 21, 6644–6646Publication Date (Print):October 8, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00541a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00541a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts