gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suicidality and Sleep Disturbances (2005)

Although insomnia and nightmares were significantly associated with depressive and suicidal symptoms, after controlling for additional variables, such as depression and sex, only nightmares remained associated with suicidality. This association was slightly stronger among women compared with men.
Analytical performance and clinical validity of two free prostate-specific antigen assays compared (1996)

We compared two recently introduced commercial assays (CanAg and Immulite) for measuring free prostate-specific antigen (f-PSA), total PSA (t-PSA), and the ratio of t-PSA/f-PSA (f-PSA%) in control materials and sera of 54 healthy men, 50 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 45 patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The lower detection limits for f-PSA were 0.038 microgram/L and 0.004 microgram/L for the CanAg and Immulite assays, respectively. The within-run and between-day precisions of the Immulite assay were < 5%; the CanAg assay showed a poorer precision. Whereas f-PSA values differed between controls and patients but not between BPH and PCa patients, the f-PSA% values were lower in PCa patients than in BPH patients and controls. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an improved diagnostic power of f-PSA% compared with t-PSA to discriminate between BPH and PCa. Discrimination limits of 16% (CanAg assay), and 15% (Immulite assay) are recommended for f-PSA%.
Active Dehydration Impairs Upper and Lower Body Anaerobic Muscular Power (2008)

We examined the effects of active dehydration by exercise in a hot, humid environment on anaerobic muscular power using a test-retest (euhydrated and dehydrated) design. Seven subjects (age, 27.1 ± 4.6 years; mass, 86.4 ± 9.5 kg) performed upper and lower body Wingate anaerobic tests prior to and after a 1.5-hour recovery from a heat stress trial of treadmill exercise in a hot, humid environment (33.1 ± 3.1oC = 55.1 ± 8.9% relative humidity) until a 3.1 ± 0.3% body mass loss was achieved. Dehydration was confirmed by a significant body mass loss (P < 0.001), urine color increase (P = 0.004), and urine specific gravity increase (P = 0.041). Motivation ratings were not significantly different (P = 0.059), and fatigue severity was significantly (P = 0.009) increased 70% in the dehydrated compared to the euhydrated condition. Compared to the euhydrated condition, the dehydrated condition mean power was significantly (P = 0.014) decreased 7.17% in the upper body and 19.20% in the lower body. Compared to the euhydrated condition, the dehydrated condition peak power was significantly (P = 0.013) decreased 14.48% in the upper body and 18.36% in the lower body. No significant differences between the euhydrated and dehydrated conditions were found for decrease in power output (P = 0.219, power = 0.213). Our findings suggest that dehydration of 2.9% body mass decreases the ability to generate upper and lower body anaerobic power. Coaches and athletes must understand that sports performance requiring anaerobic strength and power can be impaired by inadequate hydration and may contribute to increased susceptibility to musculoskeletal injury.
MRI-Guided Stereotactic System for Delivery of Intraspinal Microstimulation (2015)

N/A.
Superior Toughness and Fast Self‐Healing at Room Temperature Engineered by Transparent Elastomers (2017)

The most important properties of self-healing polymers are efficient recovery at room temperature and prolonged durability. However, these two characteristics are contradictory, making it difficult to optimize them simultaneously. Herein, a transparent and easily processable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with the highest reported tensile strength and toughness (6.8 MPa and 26.9 MJ m<sup>-3</sup> , respectively) is prepared. This TPU is superior to reported contemporary room-temperature self-healable materials and conveniently heals within 2 h through facile aromatic disulfide metathesis engineered by hard segment embedded aromatic disulfides. After the TPU film is cut in half and respliced, the mechanical properties recover to more than 75% of those of the virgin sample within 2 h. Hard segments with an asymmetric alicyclic structure are more effective than those with symmetric alicyclic, linear aliphatic, and aromatic structures. An asymmetric structure provides the optimal metathesis efficiency for the embedded aromatic disulfide while preserving the remarkable mechanical properties of TPU, as indicated by rheological and surface investigations. The demonstration of a scratch-detecting electrical sensor coated on a tough TPU film capable of auto-repair at room temperature suggests that this film has potential applications in the wearable electronics industry.
Genetic Association Between Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms and Polymorphism of CCK Gene Promoter (1999)

In the central nervous system, cholecystokinin (CCK) is an important neurotransmitter that gives the influences on firings, anxiety, notiception, and dopamine-related behavior. CCK co-exists in the dopaminergic neurons, interacting with dopamine. In this study, we examined the genetic variant -45 C to T substitution of the CCK gene promoter region among 195 healthy Japanese and 174 patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (52 delirium tremens, 39 hallucinosis, 20 seizures, and 92 lack of these symptoms) by using polymerase chain reaction-based single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis. Patients with delirium tremens showed a significantly higher frequency of the variant, compared with the controls (chi2 = 4.91, p < 0.03), but patients with other symptoms showed no difference. These data suggested that the individuals possessing allelic mutation (-45T) in the promoter region of the CCK gene might be susceptible to delirium tremens caused by alcohol abuse.
Neurally mediated cardiac effects of forskolin in conscious dogs (1996)

Because major cardiovascular disease states are characterized by defects in adenylyl cyclase regulation, it becomes important to understand the mechanisms by which adenylyl cyclase activators affect inotropy and chronotropy in intact conscious animals. Accordingly, we examined the inotropic and chronotropic responses to forskolin in 11 normal conscious, chronically instrumented dogs and 3 dogs with ventricular denervation (VD). Left ventricular first derivative of pressure (LV dP/dt) increased by 96 +/- 7%, P < 0.05, in response to forskolin (50 nmol.kg-1.min-1) in normal dogs and by significantly less, 52 +/- 14%, in VD dogs. Circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels increased similarly in both groups (from 226 +/- 18 to 389 +/- 33 pg/ml in normal dogs, from 177 +/- 23 to 329 +/- 71 pg/ml in VD dogs). In the presence of ganglionic blockade, the increase in LV dP/dt in response to forskolin was reduced (+62 +/- 4%) in normal dogs but was unchanged in VD dogs (+52 +/- 12%). Ganglionic blockade abolished the increase in circulating NE levels in both groups. Increases in heart rate in the presence of ganglionic blockade (+54 +/- 6 beats/min) were less than in the presence of atropine alone (+92 +/- 10 beats/min). Notably, the LV dP/dt and heart rate responses to forskolin were further attenuated by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in the presence and absence of ganglionic blockade. Morphine also attenuated the increases in both LV dP/dt and plasma NE in response to forskolin. Increases in LV dP/dt in response to NKH-477 (30 micrograms/kg), a water-soluble forskolin derivative, were similar before and after ganglionic blockade (+63 +/- 8 and +51 +/- 10%, respectively). However, in vitro experiments in LV sarcolemmal membrane preparations demonstrated that stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin and NKH-477 was not affected by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. These results indicate that in conscious dogs, inotropic and chronotropic effects of forskolin are not only due to direct activation of adenylyl cyclase, but the effects also are mediated by neural mechanisms and potentiated by the prevailing level of sympathetic tone.
Angiotensin II: Its Metabolic Fate (1962)

Randomly labeled tritiated angiotensin has been prepared with a specific activity of 300 microc/mg and with undiminished pressor and oxytocic activity. After infusion, angiotensin accumulated in the kidneys, adrenal glands, and uterus. Thirty minutes after infusion high levels of radioactivity appeared in brain, but the electrophoretic mobility differed from that of angiotensin II. Incubation of angiotensin with hemolyzed human red blood cells or diluted human plasma rapidly inactivated the pressor activity with production of metabolic products separable by paper chromatography. But if undiluted plasma is used with incubation up to 6 hours, no loss of activity occurs.
Replacing the Soft-Decision FEC Limit Paradigm in the Design of Optical Communication Systems (2015)

The FEC limit paradigm is the prevalent practice for designing optical communication systems to attain a certain bit error rate (BER) without forward error correction (FEC). This practice assumes that there is an FEC code that will reduce the BER after decoding to the desired level. In this paper, we challenge this practice and show that the concept of a channel-independent FEC limit is invalid for soft-decision bit-wise decoding. It is shown that for low code rates and high-order modulation formats, the use of the soft-decision FEC limit paradigm can underestimate the spectral efficiencies by up to 20%. A better predictor for the BER after decoding is the generalized mutual information, which is shown to give consistent post-FEC BER predictions across different channel conditions and modulation formats. Extensive optical full-field simulations and experiments are carried out in both the linear and nonlinear transmission regimes to confirm the theoretical analysis.
An LLC Resonant DC–DC Converter for Wide Output Voltage Range Battery Charging Applications (2013)

In this paper, resonant tank design procedure and practical design considerations are presented for a high performance LLC multiresonant dc-dc converter in a two-stage smart battery charger for neighborhood electric vehicle applications. The multiresonant converter has been analyzed and its performance characteristics are presented. It eliminates both low- and high-frequency current ripple on the battery, thus maximizing battery life without penalizing the volume of the charger. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a prototype unit converting 390 V from the input dc link to an output voltage range of 48-72 V dc at 650 W. The prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 96%.
A TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING PRECIPITATION PARTICLES FROM AIRCRAFT (1958)

A brief review is presented of the methods available for airborne cloud-droplet measurements. A foil technique for measuring liquid precipitation particles (greater than 100 µ diameter) is discussed with respect to development, calibration, flight testing, and application.
Isolation and characterization of a tumor-specific T suppressor factor from a T cell hybridoma. (1985)

In our laboratory we have described a monoclonal antibody, B16G, which has been shown to bind to suppressive T cell factors (TsF) in DBA/2 mice. Therefore, B16G was used as a probe to identify T cell hybridomas secreting putative TsF. Hybridomas were obtained by the fusion of DBA/2 thymocytes stimulated in vivo by P815 tumor membrane extracts with the thymoma BW5147. One such hybridoma, A10, was selected and used for additional studies. From both the supernatants and ascites fluid of this hybrid a factor could be obtained that could specifically bind to both B16G and P815 antigen immunoadsorbent columns, and that scored positively with B16G in an ELISA after elution. Such reactivity could not be obtained from A10 supernatants or ascites absorbed over irrelevant columns, nor was it obtained from supernatants or ascites from other T cell hybrids that had scored B16G nonreactive in the original screening. In vivo studies indicated that affinity-purified A10 material injected into DBA/2J mice enhanced significantly the growth of P815 tumor cells, but not the growth of other DBA/2 syngeneic tumor lines such as L1210 or M-I. Additionally, this material did not inhibit the in vitro mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) between DBA/2 splenocytes and allogeneic B10.BR target cells (unlike B16G purified material from whole DBA/2 spleens, which has been demonstrated to be suppressive in this type of MLR). Biochemical analysis of this tumor-specific TsF from A10 was undertaken; the native m.w. was found to be in the region of 80,000 and 90,000. Under reducing conditions, affinity-purified A10 TsF was found to resolve in SDS-PAGE as what appeared to be a heterodimer of 45,000 and 43,000. In most preparations, an associated molecule resolving at about 25,000 was observed. The implications of these observations are discussed.
Integration of the DNA of filamentous bacteriophage Cflt into the chromosomal DNA of its host (1987)

It was demonstrated for the first time that filamentous bacteriophage Cflt, which contains single-stranded DNA, can incorporate its genome into that of its host. Evidence in support of the incorporation was obtained from a Southern blot hybridization analysis of DNA isolated from Cflt-lysogenized cells. DNAs from different Cflt-lysogenized cells were purified, and the integration patterns were compared. Because all integration patterns were identical and only one fragment in Cflt replicative-form DNA was missing, it appears that the integration was site specific. Only one complement of viral DNA was integrated per host chromosome. To determine the attachment site on the viral DNA, the physical map of EcoRI, XhoI, SstII, and BglII on Cflt DNA was constructed. Based on this physical map and a Southern blot hybridization analysis of lysogen DNA with these restriction endonucleases, we demonstrated that DNA sequences from all regions of the Cflt genome were represented in the integrated viral sequences. The attachment site on the viral genome was located at 69.2 to 73.8 min on the Cflt DNA.
Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells: breaking the 10% power conversion efficiency (2013)

A two-dimensional conjugated small molecule (SMPV1) was designed and synthesized for high performance solution-processed organic solar cells. This study explores the photovoltaic properties of this molecule as a donor, with a fullerene derivative as an acceptor, using solution processing in single junction and double junction tandem solar cells. The single junction solar cells based on SMPV1 exhibited a certified power conversion efficiency of 8.02% under AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW cm(-2)). A homo-tandem solar cell based on SMPV1 was constructed with a novel interlayer (or tunnel junction) consisting of bilayer conjugated polyelectrolyte, demonstrating an unprecedented PCE of 10.1%. These results strongly suggest solution-processed small molecular materials are excellent candidates for organic solar cells.
Toward Reflective Management of Emergency Department Chief Complaint Information (2008)

An approach coined as "reflective information management" is presented as a technique for the management of emergency department chief complaint information. The architecture of a system integrating principles from this approach is described and its performance is evaluated in providing categorical information from free-text chief complaints for use, e.g., in automated syndromic surveillance.
Lowering Error Floors of Irregular LDPC Code on Fast Fading Environment with and without Perfect CSI (2005)

Irregular LDPC codes can achieve better error rate performance than regular LDPC codes. However, irregular LDPC codes have higher error floors than regular LDPC codes. The ordered statistical decoding (OSD) algorithm achieves maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. ML decoding is effective in lowering error floors. However, temporal estimates obtained by the OSD algorithm satisfy the parity check equation of the LDPC code. The OSD algorithm cannot lower error floors because the temporal estimates satisfy the LDPC parity check equation. We proposed a concatenated code constructed with an inner irregular LDPC code and an outer cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. Thanks to CRC, we can detect errors from the codeword estimated by the OSD algorithm. Our proposed LDPC code and decoding can lower error floors in an AWGN channel. However, in wireless access environments, we cannot neglect the effects of the channel. The OSD algorithm needs the ordering of each bit based on reliability. Channel state information (CSI) is used for deciding the reliability of each bit. We evaluate the block error rate (BLER) of the proposed LDPC code decoding in a fast fading channel with and without perfect CSI where 'without perfect CSI' means that only the average of the fading amplitudes is known at the receiver. By simulation, we show that the proposed LDPC code and decoding can lower error floors more than the conventional LDPC code with the OSD algorithm in fast fading channels with and without perfect CSI.
Chitosan-g-Poly(Acrylic Acid)/Kaolin Superabsorbent Composite: Synthesis and Characterization (2006)

A novel superabsorbent composite based on chitosan was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of kaolin powder using methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The synthetic variables (i.e. AA, MBA, and APS concentration, and the kaolin amount) affecting the water absorbency of the resulting superabsorbent composite were studied. Evidence of grafting and kaolin interaction was obtained by comparing the FTIR spectra of the initial substrates with that of the superabsorbent composite. A new absorption band at 1722 cm −1 in the composite spectrum confirmed the kaolin-organic polymer linkage. The effect of kaolin amount showed that increasing this parameter caused the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite to decrease. The effect of pH on the water absorbency of the superabsorbent was also studied.
The predictors for COPD exacerbations using remote patient monitoring (2015)

<b>Introduction:</b> Remote patient monitoring (RPM) averts hospitalization in chronic heart failure. Benefit from RPM in COPD is still unclear. However, early detection and treatment of COPD exacerbations should also avert hospitalization and potentially reduce healthcare expenditure. <b>Aims:</b> Our aim was to identify the best parameters to monitor at home in COPD patients for the prediction of exacerbations. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the effects of a RPM in patients with moderate to severe COPD. We obtained daily symptom scores using a programmable device (SpiroPro<sup>®</sup>, eResearch Technology) and measured daily spirometry (FEV<sub>1</sub>, FVC, PEF), inspiratory capacity(IC) and oxygenation (SpO<sub>2</sub>). Statistical process control (decrease below 7-day average-1.645 SD for 2 consecutive days) was used to detect abnormal values (predictors). Exacerbations were defined by standard criteria. Agreement between predictors and outcomes was analyzed by concordance analysis. <b>Results:</b> We obtained data for 2,618 monitoring days in 11 subjects: mean(SD) age 71.1(7.2) years, FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.54 (0.73) L or 56.8 (15.9)% predicted. Event rates/patient-year for outcomes were: self-reported 0.42, 2/3 Anthonisen Criteria (AC) 0.42, modified AC 2.23, systemic corticosteroids use 0.56 and antibiotics use 0.56. Declines in FVC and FEV<sub>1</sub> predicted exacerbations that were self-reported (kappa 0.525; P<0.001). Declines in SpO<sub>2</sub> and increased short-acting bronchodilator use predicted exacerbations defined by 2/3 AC or modified AC (kappa 0.353 and 0.462 respectively; P<0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> We have demonstrated the feasibility of RPM in COPD patients at home and identified predictors of exacerbations that could be deployed in future health maintenance programs.
Rhamnolipids Modulate Swarming Motility Patterns of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2005)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of twitching, swimming, and swarming motility. The latter form of translocation occurs on semisolid surfaces, requires functional flagella and biosurfactant production, and results in complex motility patterns. From the point of inoculation, bacteria migrate as defined groups, referred to as tendrils, moving in a coordinated manner capable of sensing and responding to other groups of cells. We were able to show that P. aeruginosa produces extracellular factors capable of modulating tendril movement, and genetic analysis revealed that modulation of these movements was dependent on rhamnolipid biosynthesis. An rhlB mutant (deficient in mono- and dirhamnolipid production) and an rhlC mutant (deficient in dirhamnolipid production) exhibited altered swarming patterns characterized by irregularly shaped tendrils. In addition, agar supplemented with rhamnolipid-containing spent supernatant inhibited wild-type (WT) swarming, whereas agar supplemented with spent supernatant from mutants that do not make rhamnolipids had no effect on WT P. aeruginosa swarming. Addition of purified rhamnolipids to swarming medium also inhibited swarming motility of the WT strain. We also show that a sadB mutant does not sense and/or respond to other groups of swarming cells and this mutant was capable of swarming on media supplemented with rhamnolipid-containing spent supernatant or purified rhamnolipids. The abilities to produce and respond to rhamnolipids in the context of group behavior are discussed.
Hybrid system design for singularityless task level robot controllers (2002)

This paper presents a hybrid system approach in the design of a singularityless task level controller. To achieve a singularityless motion control in the neighborhood of singularity, the hybrid system approach is used to integrate the task level controller and joint level controller. First, a hybrid system model is developed for the singularityless task level controller. A max-plus dynamic model is used to integrate the discrete switching control and continuous motion control in the controller. Based on this model, a smooth trajectory and control command for the hybrid system can be obtained. The Lyapunov theory was used to prove the stability of the singularityless controller. The new singularityless task level controller has been experimentally implemented and tested on a PUMA 560 robot manipulator. Experimental results have been employed to verify the theoretical conclusions, thus clearly demonstrating the advantages of the new task level control method.
Theory of negative-conductance amplification and of Gunn instabilities in "two-valley" semiconductors (1966)

A theory of negative-conductance amplification and of Gunn-effect oscillation in good agreement with experimental observations is developed for "two-valley" semiconductors such as GaAs and InP. The theory is based upon a conduction-band model in which the relative populations of two valleys of vastly different mobility are determined by the average electron temperature, the latter being described by energy transport equations. Numerical computer solutions of the dynamic equations identify different modes of sample behavior and give a clear indication of the microscopic physical processes relevant to each.