gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Electronics Handbook (2018)

During the ten years since the appearance of the groundbreaking, bestselling first edition of The Electronics Handbook, the field has grown and changed tremendously. With a focus on fundamental theory and practical applications, the first edition guided novice and veteran engineers along the cutting edge in the design, production, installation, operation, and maintenance of electronic devices and systems. Completely updated and expanded to reflect recent advances, this second edition continues the tradition. The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition provides a comprehensive reference to the key concepts, models, and equations necessary to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of complex electrical devices, circuits, instruments, and systems. With 23 sections that encompass the entire electronics field, from classical devices and circuits to emerging technologies and applications, The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition not only covers the engineering aspects, but also includes sections on reliability, safety, and engineering management. The book features an individual table of contents at the beginning of each chapter, which enables engineers from industry, government, and academia to navigate easily to the vital information they need. This is truly the most comprehensive, easy-to-use reference on electronics available.
<title>Positional errors due to substrate charging in e-beam lithography tools</title> (1992)

As computer logic and memory device dimensions shrink to submicron range the mask lithography tool placement accuracy becomes more critical. Charging effects in e-beam tools considered irrelevant in the past, today represent a large portion of the total error budget. Two such effects on glass substrates are described in this paper. The first is brought about by incomplete Cr coating of the edges, while the second is due to resist charging. It is shown that conductive coating of the edges is necessary if the exposed patterns fall closer than approximately 25 mm from the edge. Thin resist coatings less than 1.0 um can be tolerated when combined with Au mesh shielding techniques and application of electrostatic fields near the target. This gives the low energy secondary electrons a "harmless" path, reducing the charge accumulation on the resist surface.
Real-time hatching (2001)

Drawing surfaces using hatching strokes simultaneously conveys material, tone, and form. We present a real-time system for non-photorealistic rendering of hatching strokes over arbitrary surfaces. During an automatic preprocess, we construct a sequence of mipmapped hatch images corresponding to different tones, collectively called a tonal art map. Strokes within the hatch images are scaled to attain appropriate stroke size and density at all resolutions, and are organized to maintain coherence across scales and tones. At runtime, hardware multitexturing blends the hatch images over the rendered faces to locally vary tone while maintaining both spatial and temporal coherence. To render strokes over arbitrary surfaces, we build a lapped texture parametrization where the overlapping patches align to a curvature-based direction field. We demonstrate hatching strokes over complex surfaces in a variety of styles.
From the highest court to the furthest wasteland : following the footprints of music in Tiananmen Square protests (2021)

In this essay, I intend to find out what kind of music was used by protesters during the Tiananmen Square protests, and the symbiotic relationship of popular music and the state. I define popular music as the most widespread music that includes both revolutionary mass songs that are imposed from top to bottom to maintain hegemony, and unoﬃcial songs like Gangtai songs (songs popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan) and rock songs that are under the state control yet express not necessarily the state’s interests.
A Capacity-Approaching Algorithm for Resource Allocation in MIMO-OFDM Multiple-Access Channel (2007)

This paper proposes a resource-allocation technique for Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output, orthogonal- frequency-division-multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) multiple-access channel (MAC). Zero-forcing generalized decision-feedback equalizers (ZF-GDFE) are employed at the receiver to cancel completely the interferences produced by all the other users, while a novel matrix decomposition method based on the generalized channel singular-value-decomposition (SVD) is used to find the precoding matrices at each user's transmitter. The achievable rate region is obtained by solving a series of weighted sum-rate maximization problems, and the associated users' power distributions are efficiently found by a Lagrange dual- decomposition method along with a per-tone-based exhaustive search of decoding orders among users. The complexity can be further reduced by replacing the exhaustive search with a greedy algorithm. Simulation results show that the achievable rate region obtained by the greedy algorithm is very close to that achieved by the exhaustive search. Therefore, with a significant computational complexity reduction over the canonical minimum-mean- squared-error (MMSE) -based GDFE, the proposed algorithm provides an ideal scheme for practical systems such as uplink wireless MIMO-OFDM systems and upstream vectored digital subscriber lines (DSL).
Effect of solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dual-cure resin cements (2013)

The examined dual-cure resin cements had compatible flexural and compressive properties with most methacrylate-based composite resins and the underlying dentin regardless of solution temperature. However, the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties was not consistent and depended more on the resin brand.
Genome-Wide Comparison between IL-17A- and IL-17F-Induced Effects in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes (2009)

IL-17A is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis; however, the contribution of IL-17F remains to be clarified. Using microarrays and gene-specific expression assays, we compared the regulatory effects of IL-17A and IL-17F alone or in combination with TNF-alpha on RA synoviocytes. IL-17A and IL-17F expression was studied in osteoarthritis and RA synovium by immunohistochemistry. The comparison between the IL-17A and IL-17F stimulatory effect on RA synoviocytes was assessed at the protein level by ELISA and at the mRNA level by microarrays and real-time RT-PCR. TNFRII expression was studied by real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence, and neutralizing Ab was used to analyze its contribution to CCL20 secretion. IL-17A and IL-17F were detected in plasma cell-like cells from RA but not osteoarthritis synovium. In microarrays, IL-17A and IL-17F alone had similar regulatory effects, IL-17F being quantitatively less active. Both cytokines induced a similar expression pattern in the presence of TNF-alpha. Based on a cooperation index, 130 and 203 genes were synergistically induced by IL-17A or IL-17F plus TNF-alpha, respectively. Among these, the new target genes CXCR4, LPL, and IL-32 were validated by real-time RT-PCR. IL-17A and IL-17F up-regulated TNFRII expression, but had no effects on TNFRI, IL-17RA or IL-17RC. TNFRII blockade inhibited the synergistic induction of CCL20 by IL-17A or IL-17F and TNF-alpha. IL-17A and IL-17F are both expressed in RA synovium. In the presence of TNF-alpha, they induced a similar expression pattern in RA synoviocytes. Accordingly, IL-17F appears as a target in Th17-mediated diseases such as RA.
Modification and nano-patterning of high-T<sub>c</sub>superconducting thin films by masked ion beam irradiation (2010)

Ion irradiation of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7 (Y-123) creates different types of defects depending on ion mass, energy and dose. Irradiation with helium ions of moderate energy (75 keV) primarily creates point defects. We measure in situ the modification of electrical transport properties of Y-123 thin films (thickness 310 nm) during ion irradiation. The He ions penetrate thin films and produce collision cascades with small lateral straggle that allow for patterning of nanostructures in the HTS layer. We present features smaller than 100 nm in size produced by masked ion beam irradiation of Y-123 films. Computer simulations indicate that nano-patterning of Y-123 thin films with 10 nm lateral resolution is achievable.
Sol-Coated Capillary Adsorption Columns for Gas Chromatography. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSol-Coated Capillary Adsorption Columns for Gas Chromatography.R. D. Schwartz, D. J. Brasseaux, and G. R. ShoemakeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 4, 496–499Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60197a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60197a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CHARLES C. CARPENTER (2004)

<i>Ichthyology & Herpetology</i> (formerly <i>Copeia</i>) publishes work on the biology of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, or work using those organisms as models for testing hypotheses of broad significance.
Spektroskopischer Einsatz neuer langwelliger (bis 2 μm) Diodenlaser (VCSEL) für schwierige Bedingungen (Spectroscopic Application of Long-Wavelength (< 2 μm) VCSEL Diode Lasers) (2003)

Abstract Oberflächenemittierende Diodenlaser ( engl. VCSEL, V ertical- c avity s urface- e mitting l aser) werden zur raschen direkten In-situ -Molekülspektroskopie eingesetzt. Nach dem Verfahren der Absorptionsspektroskopie mittels durchstimmbarer Diodenlaser wird Sauerstoff bei 760 nm, Ammoniak bei 1540 nm, Methan bei 1680 nm sowie Chlorwasserstoff und Wasser bei 1810 nm detektiert. Druckverbreiterte und hochaufgelöste Spektren werden gezeigt und das Prinzip eines langzeitstabilen Spektrometers vorgestellt. Die Wellenlängenmodulation der VCSEL mit der Temperatur und dem Strom wird untersucht. Während der Temperaturkoeffizient in etwa derselbe ist wie für herkömmliche Diodenlaser im nahen Infrarot (DFB-Laser), lassen sich VCSEL deutlich weiter mit dem Strom durchstimmen. Darüber hinaus können VCSEL thermisch wesentlich schneller moduliert werden als konventionelle Kantenemitter. Repetitionsraten bis 5 MHz werden demonstriert. Die neu eröffneten Anwendungsfelder im Hinblick auf den weiten, modensprungfreien Durchstimmbereich (Messung bei hohem Druck, mehrere Spezies, Temperaturverteilungen) und die rasche Modulierbarkeit (Messung extrem transienter Prozesse) werden diskutiert. Weiter werden spektroskopisch interessante Eigentümlichkeiten der VCSEL (geringer Schwellstrom und Strombedarf als Vorteil für batteriebetriebene mobile Geräte, Austestmöglichkeit auf der Waferebene) beleuchtet. Die langwelligen VCSEL mit λ > 1 μm auf InP-Basis existieren noch nicht lange. Es wird angenommen, dass diese demnächst verstärkten Einzug in die Molekülspektroskopie halten werden und das Einsatzgebiet von auf Diodenlasern basierenden Geräten beträchtlich nach höheren Drücken und schwierigen Bedingungen hin erweitern werden.
C25. Design and implementation of synchronization and cell search algorithms for LTE receiver (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the time and frequency synchronization algorithms as well as, the sector and cell search for the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) downlink. The proposed algorithms rely on the synchronization and cell-specific reference signals and are, hence, compliant to most recent 3GPP specifications. Time and fractional frequency offset coarse synchronization are performed in the time domain using the cyclic prefix based auto-correlation, while the sector and cell search as well as the integer frequency offset are estimated in the frequency domain using the primary and secondary synchronization signals. All algorithms are evaluated under multipath channel conditions and an initial carrier frequency mismatch. Trading off high performance with reasonable implementation complexity, the algorithms are realized in hardware using a total logic area of 125,460 um2 in 0.13 um technology.
Phase-preserving amplitude regeneration for a WDM RZ-DPSK signal using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (2008)

We propose a modified nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) for phase-preserving 2R regeneration of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) return-to-zero differential phase-shift-keyed signals. As proof of principle the regeneration capability of this NALM setup has been investigated experimentally for two 10 Gbit/s wavelength channels. A significant eye-opening improvement and a negative power penalty of 1.2 dB have been observed in both channels.
A novel method to calibrate DOI function of a PET detector with a dual‐ended‐scintillator readout (2008)

The detection of depth-of-interaction (DOI) is a critical detector capability to improve the PET spatial resolution uniformity across the field-of-view and will significantly enhance, in particular, small bore system performance for brain, breast, and small animal imaging. One promising technique of DOI detection is to use dual-ended-scintillator readout that uses two photon sensors to detect scintillation light from both ends of a scintillator array and estimate DOI based on the ratio of signals (similar to Anger logic). This approach needs a careful DOI function calibration to establish accurate relationship between DOI and signal ratios, and to recalibrate if the detection condition is shifted due to the drift of sensor gain, bias variations, or degraded optical coupling, etc. However, the current calibration method that uses coincident events to locate interaction positions inside a single scintillator crystal has severe drawbacks, such as complicated setup, long and repetitive measurements, and being prone to errors from various possible misalignments among the source and detector components. This method is also not practically suitable to calibrate multiple DOI functions of a crystal array. To solve these problems, a new method has been developed that requires only a uniform flood source to irradiate a crystal array without the need to locate the interaction positions, and calculates DOI functions based solely on the uniform probability distribution of interactions over DOI positions without knowledge or assumption of detector responses. Simulation and experiment have been studied to validate the new method, and the results show that the new method, with a simple setup and one single measurement, can provide consistent and accurate DOI functions for the entire array of multiple scintillator crystals. This will enable an accurate, simple, and practical DOI function calibration for the PET detectors based on the design of dual-ended-scintillator readout. In addition, the new method can be generally applied to calibrating other types of detectors that use the similar dual-ended readout to acquire the radiation interaction position.
Adaptive vector quantization by progressive codevector replacement (2005)

This paper presents a new class of adaptive vector quantizers in which a codebook is gradually changed to track time-varying source statistics by dynamically updating some of the codevectors. The partial distortion of a codevector, defined as the product of the average distortion when a particular codevector is selected and the probability that selection occurs, is used as a measure to determine which codevectors are updated. Codevectors with small partial distortion are deleted from the codebook, and those with large partial distortion are shifted or split so that the input vectors that are mapped into those codevectors are quantized more finely to give smaller partial distortions. Experimental results illustrate the application of this adaptive vector quantizer to image coding.
Synthesis of Novel Pyridobenzimidazoles Bonded to Indoleorbenzo[b]thio-phenestructures (2011)

Pyridobenzimidazoles 6a-iwere synthesized in very good to excellent yields (81-96%) by the condensation of substituted N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamines 4a-d with indole/benzo[b]thiophene-3-aldehydes 5a-t inmethoxyethanol under reflux conditions. The diamines 4a-d were prepared byfirst treating 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine (1)with suitably substituted anilines 2a-d then reducing the resulting3-nitro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines 3a-d with tin(II)chloride using microwave heating in each case.
Bottom fed planar elliptical UWB antennas (2004)

This paper describes the "bottom fed" planar elliptical dipoles. These antennas are electrically small ultra-wideband (UWB) dipoles with bandwidths on the order of 3:1 or better. Return loss is typically -14 dB, and boresight gain is nominally 3 Bi. Bottom fed planar elliptical dipole antennas are well suited for commercial applications.
Purification and Characteristics of Sorbitol-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from Loquat Leaves (1981)

To study the role of sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in sorbitol synthesis in leaves of Rosaceous plants, properties of the enzyme and its presence in several plants in the family was investigated. The activity of the enzyme, which catalyzes an NADP-dependent oxidation of the substrate to glucose-6-phosphate, was detected in leaves of Prunus mume, Prunus persica, Rhaphiolepsis indica, Sorbus aucuparia, Cydonia oblonga, Photinia glabra, Sorbaria kirilowii, and Spiraea thunbergii.The enzyme was purified about 60-fold from leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) using affinity chromatography with Blue Sepharose. Neither mannitol-1-phosphate nor fructose-6-phosphate served as substrate. Molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 65,000 at pH 8.0 by gel filtration. Since sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a peptide of 33,000 daltons, the enzyme was assumed to be a dimer at pH 8.0 K(m) values for sorbitol-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, NADP, and NADPH were 2.22 millimolar, 11.6 millimolar, 13.5 micromolar, and 1.61 micromolar, respectively. Equilibrium constant for sorbitol-6-phosphate oxidation was 5.12 x 10(-10). Optimal pH for sorbitol-6-phosphate oxidation was 9.8. The enzyme showed its maximum activity within a broad pH range between 7 and 9 for glucose-6-phosphate reduction. The enzyme was more effective in the direction of glucose-6-phosphate reduction than in the reverse direction at neutral pH. Thus, it is suggested that the enzyme catalyzes sorbitol synthesis from glucose-6-phosphate during photosynthesis in leaves of Rosaceous plants.
An Anti-Neuroinflammatory That Targets Dysregulated Glia Enhances the Efficacy of CNS-Directed Gene Therapy in Murine Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (2014)

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is an inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a deficiency in palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). Studies in Ppt1(-/-) mice demonstrate that glial activation is central to the pathogenesis of INCL. Astrocyte activation precedes neuronal loss, while cytokine upregulation associated with microglial reactivity occurs before and concurrent with neurodegeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that cytokine cascades associated with neuroinflammation are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of INCL. MW01-2-151SRM (MW151) is a blood-brain barrier penetrant, small-molecule anti-neuroinflammatory that attenuates glial cytokine upregulation in models of neuroinflammation such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and kainic acid toxicity. Thus, we used MW151, alone and in combination with CNS-directed, AAV-mediated gene therapy, as a possible treatment for INCL. MW151 alone decreased seizure susceptibility. When combined with AAV-mediated gene therapy, treated INCL mice had increased life spans, improved motor performance, and eradication of seizures. Combination-treated INCL mice also had decreased brain atrophy, astrocytosis, and microglial activation, as well as intermediary effects on cytokine upregulation. These data suggest that MW151 can attenuate seizure susceptibility but is most effective when used in conjunction with a therapy that targets the primary genetic defect.
Expression of Interleukin-7 Receptor by Lineage-Negative Human Bone Marrow Progenitors With Enhanced Lymphoid Proliferative Potential and B-Lineage Differentiation Capacity (1997)

Relatively little is known about the relationship of lymphoid-associated gene expression to the proliferation and differentiation potential of early human bone marrow lymphoid progenitors. Surface expression of interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor-alpha (IL-7R alpha), a component of the high-affinity receptor for the lymphoid precursor growth factor IL-7, defined a CD34+ progenitor subset lacking the CD19+ pro-B phenotype but demonstrating markedly enhanced lymphoid clonogenic capacity and the ability to differentiate into pro-B cells in short-term culture. These progenitors expressed mRNA for the lymphoid-associated genes Ig beta, RAG-1, and PAX-5, and were uniformly TdT-positive (TdT+). In contrast, IL-7R alpha-/CD19-/ CD34+ progenitors had a 50-fold reduced lymphoid clonogenic capacity and did not differentiate into pro-B cells in short-term culture. Expression of TdT and the lymphoid-associated genes Ig beta and RAG-1, but not PAX-5, was detected in this fraction, although at lower levels than in the IL-7R alpha+ progenitors. In contrast to IL-7R alpha, loss of the stem cell factor receptor c-kit was associated with enhanced lymphoid clonogenic potential and increased B-lineage differentiation potential. These results indicate that IL-7R alpha expression defines entry into a developmental stage characterized by upregulation of multiple lymphoid-associated genes and enhanced fitness for B-lymphoid differentiation. The onset of IL-7R alpha and PAX-5 expression immediately before acquisition of CD19 is consistent with evidence suggesting upregulation of CD19 through pathways involving PAX-5 and IL-7.
Portfolio Optimization in Practice (1992)

(1992). Portfolio Optimization in Practice. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 68-74.