gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetically Locked-In Colloidal Transport in an Array of Optical Tweezers (2002)

We describe measurements of colloidal transport through arrays of micrometer-scale potential wells created with holographic optical tweezers. Varying the orientation of the trap array relative to the external driving force results in a hierarchy of lock-in transitions analogous to symmetry-selecting processes in a wide variety of systems. Focusing on colloid as a model system provides the first opportunity to observe the microscopic mechanisms of kinetic lock-in transitions and reveals a new class of statistically locked-in states. This particular realization also has immediate applications for continuously fractionating particles, biological cells, and macromolecules.
Efficacy and safety of an intravenous monoclonal anti‐HBs in chronic hepatitis B patients (2001)

We conclude that Mab was not effective in achieving primary efficacy as assessed by neutralization of circulating HBsAg. Whether a combination of Mab with an antiviral agent that reduces the HBsAg load--and therefore minimizes the risk of adverse events--may result in clinical efficacy should be investigated.
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 9. Electrophysiologic-anatomic correlation of reentrant circuits. (1983)

We studied isochronal maps of ventricular activation during ventricular arrhythmias induced by programmed premature stimulation in dogs 3-5 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The entire epicardial surface and selective intramural sites were recorded using a computerized multiplexing technique. The electrophysiologic data were correlated with the anatomic characteristics of the infarction. In nine of 17 dogs (55%), the induced ventricular rhythm was due to reentrant activation in the surviving epicardial layer overlying the infarction. The irregular epicardial layer (up to 4 mm thick) had grossly intact myocardial fibers on microscopic examination but showed abnormal electrophysiologic characteristics. The stimulated premature beat that initiated reentry produced a continuous arc of functional conduction block within the surviving epicardial layer. The activation wave front circulated slowly around both ends of the arc of block, rejoined on the distal side of the arc before breaking through the arc to reactivate an area proximal to the block. This resulted in splitting of the initial single arc of block into two arcs. Reentrant activation continued as two synchronous circuits that traveled clockwise around one arc and counterwise around the other. Reentry spontaneously terminated when the leading edge of both reentrant circuits encountered refractory tissue, resulting in the coalescence of the two arcs of block into one. The present study may increase the understanding of the electrophysiologic mechanism of some ventricular repetitive responses and tachyarrhythmias induced by programmed premature stimulation in the clinical laboratory.
Fresnel zone plate lens and antennas for millimeter waves: history and evolutions of developments and applications (2002)

This paper summarized some of the growth in investigations for Fresnel zone plate lens and antennas in millimeter-wave regions.
Urea denaturation of chromatin periodic structure (1975)

Isolated chicken erythrocyte nuclei dispersed in urea solutions (0-5.0 M) have been examined in terms of their low-angle X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic properties. At high urea concentrations, the characteristic low-angle X-ray reflections of chromatin are absent, and the spheroid chromatin particles (v bodies) are markedly perturbed. This lability of chromatin periodic structure to high concentrations of urea is consistent with previous hydrodynamic and spectroscopic studies.
Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Process Towards Development of LiMPO<sub>4</sub> (M = Fe, Mn) Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract Positive electrodes such as LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 nanomaterials with olivine structures are considered as most efficient cathode materials for application in lithium ion batteries. Recently, several methods have been proposed for the preparation of lithium metal phosphates as cathodes for lithium ion batteries and their electrochemical performances have been investigated. Over the last 20 years, several synthetic methods have been proposed for lithium metal phosphate nanomaterials. In this review, hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 nanomaterials at low and high temperatures are discussed, including microwave‐hydrothermal and microwave‐solvothermal methods. The effect of particle size and particle morphology on the electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 cathode materials are also discussed. In addition, the recently emerged supercritical solvothermal and supercritical hydrothermal syntheses of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 nanomaterials and their electrochemical property also been addressed.
Glucocorticoids (2009)

Elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids are associated with psychiatric symptoms across several different conditions. It remains unknown if this hormonal abnormality is a cause or an effect of the psychiatric conditions. For example, the hypercortisolemia observed in a subset of patients with depression may have a direct impact on the symptoms of depression, but it is also possible that the hypercortisolemia merely reflects the stress associated with depression. Further, rather than causing depression, hypercortisolemia could represent a homeostatic attempt to overcome glucocorticoid resistance. Each of these possibilities will be considered, and correlational and causal evidence will be reviewed. This article will focus on the relationships between glucocorticoids and psychiatric symptoms in Cushing's syndrome, major depression, and steroid psychosis/steroid dementia, as well as the effects of exogenously administered glucocorticoids in normal volunteers. Similarities and differences in the relationship of glucocorticoid hormones to psychiatric symptoms in these conditions will be reviewed. Possible mediators of glucocorticoid effects on the brain and behavior, as well as possible "pro-aging" effects of glucocorticoids in certain cells of the body, will be reviewed. The article concludes with a conceptual model of glucocorticoid actions in the brain that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
Update on Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs (2012)

Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are best classified as typical or atypical. The distinction is based solely on their ability to cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The two classes differ in mechanism of action, with atypical APDs providing important modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission. TD increases the death rate and can be minimized by limiting use of typical APDs. Clozapine is unique among the atypical APDs in its efficacy for ameliorating psychosis in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), for reduction of suicide, and for improving longevity. The typical and atypical APDs do not differ in improving psychopathology in non-TRS. The atypicals vary in metabolic side effects: some have little burden. Cognitive benefits of the atypical APDs may be superior for some domains of cognition and require less use of anticholinergic drugs, which impair memory, for treatment of EPS. Overall, choosing among the atypical APDs as first-line treatment represents the best course for schizophrenia and most likely other disorders for which APDs are used.
Changes of oscillatory activity in pitch processing network and related tinnitus relief induced by acoustic CR neuromodulation (2012)

Chronic subjective tinnitus is characterized by abnormal neuronal synchronization in the central auditory system. As shown in a controlled clinical trial, acoustic coordinated reset (CR) neuromodulation causes a significant relief of tinnitus symptoms along with a significant decrease of pathological oscillatory activity in a network comprising auditory and non-auditory brain areas, which is often accompanied with a significant tinnitus pitch change. Here we studied if the tinnitus pitch change correlates with a reduction of tinnitus loudness and/or annoyance as assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Furthermore, we studied if the changes of the pattern of brain synchrony in tinnitus patients induced by 12 weeks of CR therapy depend on whether or not the patients undergo a pronounced tinnitus pitch change. Therefore, we applied standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to EEG recordings from two groups of patients with a sustained CR-induced relief of tinnitus symptoms with and without tinnitus pitch change. We found that absolute changes of VAS loudness and VAS annoyance scores significantly correlate with the modulus, i.e., the absolute value, of the tinnitus pitch change. Moreover, as opposed to patients with small or no pitch change we found a significantly stronger decrease in gamma power in patients with pronounced tinnitus pitch change in right parietal cortex (Brodmann area, BA 40), right frontal cortex (BA 9, 46), left temporal cortex (BA 22, 42), and left frontal cortex (BA 4, 6), combined with a significantly stronger increase of alpha (10-12 Hz) activity in the right and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA 32, 24). In addition, we revealed a significantly lower functional connectivity in the gamma band between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46) and the right ACC (BA 32) after 12 weeks of CR therapy in patients with pronounced pitch change. Our results indicate a substantial, CR-induced reduction of tinnitus-related auditory binding in a pitch processing network.
Spatial variations between certain cranial and cerebral structures and the anterior and posterior commissures of the living human (1963)

Abstract Recorded are the quantitated empirical findings and statistical variations of spatial configurations prevalent among certain cranial and cerebral structures related to the intercommissural line as encountered in 50 stereotactically‐performed, radio‐opaque lateral ventriculograms of the living human. A physicomathematical technique of mensuration was devised to overcome the difficulties that regularly arise when fixed postmortem specimens are employed to study the same relationships. Clearly, the reliability of human stereotactic atlases is a function of the technique of mensuration employed. Mean length of the intercommissural line was 24.50, and Range 20.90 to 30.90 mm. Mean distance from inferiormost aspect of sella turcica to posteriormost aspect of anterior commissure was 28.30, Range 23.80 to 36.60 mm. Mean length of line from “center” of external auditory meatus to anteriormost aspect of posterior commissure was 43.36, Range from 35.2 to 49.3 mm. Mean angle formed by “line” of orbital roof and intercommissural line was 19.78° and Range, 8.50° to 29.50°. Mean angle between Reid's base line and intercommissural line was +0.04°, Range, from −9.90° to +10.20°. Mean angle between line from “center” of external auditory meatus to anteriormost aspect of posterior commissure and Reid's base line was 97.93°, Range 85.40° to 120.45°. The least variable relationships of the six studied were the distances (a) from the external auditory meatus to the posterior commissure and (b) from the floor of the sella turcica to the anterior commissure.
Cryo Corner: The Measurement of Low Frequency Electrical Impedance as a Guide to Effective Cryosurgery (1977)

Cryo Corner is a new feature we have instituted that will present original observations and clinical applications of cryosurgical techniques of interest to the dermatologist. We welcome submission of such material for possible publication. All correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Zacarian, the feature editor, 50 Maple Street, Springfield, Ma. 01103.
Self biased heterojunction effect of ferroelectric thin film on silicon (1990)

Abstract Several ferroelectric thin films with n-type or p-type conductivity, including undoped and doped PZT (Lead-Zirconate Titanate), BaTiO3 (Barium Titanate), SBN (Strontium-Barium Niobate), KNbO3 (Potassium Niobate) as well as PBN (Lead Barium Niobate) were made on the silicon substrates by the sol-gel process Self biased heterojunction effects were observed. It has been observed that either p-n junction or n-p junction in the ferroelectric-semiconductor systems behave like a rectifying diode. A physical explaination has been constructed in explaining this effect.
Qualitative Immune Modulation by Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Adjuvant Therapy in Immunological Non Responder HIV-Infected Patients (2010)

IL-2 therapy restores the ability of the lympho-monocyte system in eliciting an effective response against mycobacterial infections. Our data indicate the possibility of a clinical role held by IL-2 in enhancing the immune function of subjects unable to achieve immune competence through cART alone.
Amorphous and crystalline polyetheretherketone: Mechanical properties and tissue reactions during a 3‐year follow‐up (2007)

The study was aimed to test the mechanical strength, structural stability, and tissue reactions of optically amorphous and crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plates during a 3-year follow-up in vivo and in vitro. The injection-moulded PEEK plates were implanted to the dorsal subcutis of 12 sheep, which were sacrificed at 6-156 weeks. Thereafter, the plates were subjected to tensile tests, and levels of crystallinity were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Histological evaluation was carried out using the paraffin technique. In vitro properties were examined with the tensile test and DSC at 0-156 weeks. Tissue reactions were mild and fairly similar for the amorphous and crystalline plates at corresponding points in time. The mechanical characteristics of the plates remained stable over the entire follow-up. The tensile yield load and elongation at the yield load of the crystalline plates were roughly double ( approximately 500 vs. 270 N and 2.4 vs. 1.4 mm, respectively) in comparison to the amorphous plates. The elongation at break load of the crystalline plates was smaller than that of the amorphous ones (6 vs. 10). The level of crystallinity in both the optically amorphous ( approximately 15%) and crystalline (32-34%) plates remained invariable during the follow-up. The in vitro and in vivo data coincided remarkably well. In conclusion, both optically amorphous and crystalline PEEK plates are suitable for the fixation of fractures and osteotomies.
National Advocacy in Mental Health: What is a Balanced and Effective Approach? (1997)

The national perspective on mental health which is evident in the National Mental Health Strategy was a long time coming. It is a perspective which arose as a consequence of long term and concerted lobbying from many non-government and professional sources and is in large part, a response to the interest taken by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.
Security considerations in a multi-programmed computer system (1967)

Security can not be attained in the absolute sense. Every security system seeks to attain a probability of loss which is commensurate with the value returned by the operation being secured. For each activity which exposes private, valuable, or classified information to possible loss, it is necessary that reasonable steps be taken to reduce the probability of loss. Further, any loss which might occur must be detected. There are several minimum requirements to establish an adequate security level for the software of a large multi-programmed system with remote terminals.
Antinociceptive Effect of Promethazine in Mice (2009)

Objective(s)The present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice.Materials and MethodsAntinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests.ResultsPromethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant inhibition of the second phase response in the formalin pain model (P<0.05) and the drug couldn’t show an antinociceptive effect in the first phase. Morphine (10 mg/kg) inhibited both first and second phase response (P<0.01). Drug also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes. The tail flick and hot plate latency weren’t different from control (P>0.05) and administration of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) couldn't block the antinociceptive effect of promethazine.ConclusionThe data obtained suggest that antinociceptive effects of the promethazine may be mediated via peripheral and not central mechanisms.
Parabolic antennas with a loaded flange (1985)

The radiation characteristics of a parabolic dish with a loaded peripheral flange are examined in detail in order to assess the effectiveness of such a loading in further reducing the backward scattered field. Uniformly valid diffraction coefficients are developed to deal with both isotropic and anisotropic surface impedances. It is shown that substantial improvement of the antenna performance can be obtained in a wide rear angular sector, and the optimal loading conditions are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical C—H Amination: Synthesis of Aromatic Primary Amines via N‐Arylpyridinium Ions. (2013)

Abstract The synthetic value of this method is demonstrated by a short preparation of compound (XIX) which is a key intermediate in the synthesis of a VLA‐4 antagonist.
Cadre de politique de recasement (2003)

The Household Energy and Universal Rural Access Project seeks to increase access to energy services in order to reduce poverty, by enhancing rural electrification, requiring expansion of existing electricity grids, or laying of new ones, including within forest areas, which would entail the loss, denial, or restriction of access to such areas. This will require land acquisition, and displacement of local populations, despite Mali's low average population density. Project design, and screening of subprojects will seek to avoid as possible resettlement activities, or minimize impacts on people, land, and property, or other economic resources. Whereas the law relating to Land Administration in Mali is essentially based on the right of ownership, the fundamental difference with the Bank's operational directive regarding resettlement, is that affected persons are all entitled to compensation, in spite of the absence of a legal title. Therefore, land to be acquired for the project will be subject to the laws of Mali, and, where conflict occurs, the Bank operational directive must take precedence; the purpose being to ensure that affected persons benefit from the project, and improve their living conditions. Compensation for loss of land, housing and structures, seedlings, and agricultural inputs will be paid at replacement costs, or in the form of cash compensations, based on market values, adjusted for inflation, while community compensation may include public infrastructure. Assistance will be provided for moving, transportation, and labor expenses. Arrangements for monitoring resettlement implementation will be in place, particularly to verify through public consultations, and questionnaire data that each individual is entitled to a compensation dossier recording his/her situation, particularly the most vulnerable. Finally, grievance mechanisms will be established should conflict arise.
X-ray diffraction study of a one-dimensional GaAs–AlAs superlattice (1977)

Low- and high-angle X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained from one-dimensional superlattice crystals prepared artificially by alternately depositing predetermined thicknesses of GaAs and AlAs, on the (001) face of a GaAs single-crystal by molecular-beam epitaxy. The positions and intensities of several superlattice reflections obtained along the 00 l , 11 l and 02 l reciprocal lattice rows have been recorded. The structure of the superlattice can be approximated by a model which incorporates elastic strains in the unit cell due to the lattice mismatch between GaAs and AlAs. The number of Ga and Al layers in the superlattice unit cell can be accurately determined from the low-angle scattering data while the relative intensities of the high-angle superlattice reflections are a sensitive measure of the elastic strain present in the lattice. It is shown that the elastic strain agrees with the value computed theoretically on the assumption that the strain is not relieved by dislocations at the GaAs–AlAs interfaces.
Transient Selection During Vaccinia Virus Recombination with Insertion Vectors Without Selectable Markers (1997)

Isolation of recombinant viruses after DNA transfection remains the most timeconsuming and labor-intensive feature in the production of vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants. This procedure has been aided by the design and incorporation of both positive and negative selectable markers into the insertion vectors. Use of these selectable markers is not always feasible or desirable. In the absence of selectable markers, individual plaque characterization is required. A method of transient selection during transfection and recombination is described that does not require that any selectable marker be present in the insertion vector sequence. This method relies on the co-transfection of a guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) selectable marker on an unlinked plasmid into VV-infected cells pretreated for gpt selection. Following recombination, the output virus can be plated on cells without any further selection and screened for recombinant virus. While the total recombinant virus population is slightly reduced, the total progeny virus is reduced even further, resulting in more than sevenfold enhancement in the frequency of recombinant virus, which allows for more efficient identification.
[Ectopic bone induction by human fetal enamel proteins]. (1993)

Mixture of amelogenin, enamelin and soluble dentin proteins with plaster of Paris and distilled water were implanted in the left thigh-muscle pouch of C57BL/6 T mice, and PLP or BSA/PLP were implanted in the contralateral limbs for controls. The hind limbs were examined by means of microradiographic and histological methods three weeks after the implantation. Implants of PLP, BSA/PLP or E/PLP did not evoke formation of new cartilage or bone. Roentgenography showed highly mineralized tissues in the implantation areas of A/PLP or D/PLP, histological examination confirmed this as induced new bone or cartilage formation. Thus it indicates that amelogenins and soluble dentin proteins have bone induction activity as bone morphogenetic protein, they could induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cell in the muscles into chondrocyte and osteocyte.