gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESR studies on polymers with particular electronic and magnetic properties (1993)

Abstract Measurements on insulating and conducting polymers from the polyaniline (PANI) family and investigations on semiconducting poly(tetrathiafulvalenes) (PTTF) have been used for illustration and discussion of some methodical questions of electron spin resonance (ESR). This concerns especially the new possibilities of the recently developed high‐resolution ESR in the 2 mm wave band. It was applied for the study of the nature and dynamics of paramagnetic centres (PC) and charge carriers in PANI and PTTF. The rate of the quasi‐one‐dimensional (1D) intrachain electron motion and of the three‐dimensional (3D) interchain electron hopping has been estimated separately. In iodine ‐ doped PTTF the maximum electrical conductivity is 10 −4 S ·cm −1 . It is almost identical with the 3D‐conductivity estimated by ESR and shows the typical temperature dependence of a semiconductor. The quasi‐1D‐conductivity is several orders of magnitude higher and shows in its dependence on temperature similarities with a metal. The PANI samples show in the highly doped form a maximum conductivity of about 10 S ·cm −1 and relativly small differences between the 1D‐ and 3D‐conductivity, supporting the model of metallic islands.
Inhibition of p42 and p44 MAP kinase does not alter smooth muscle contraction in swine carotid artery (1998)

Caldesmon inhibits myosin ATPase activity; phosphorylation of caldesmon reverses the inhibition. The caldesmon kinase is believed to be mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. MAP kinases are activated during vascular stimulation, but a cause-and-effect relationship between kinase activity and contraction has not been established. We examined the role of MAP kinase in contraction using PD-098059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase (MEK). MAP kinase activity was assessed using an anti-active MAP kinase antibody and direct measurement of MAP kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of myelin basic protein, MBP-(95-98). MAP kinase phosphorylation, stimulated by histamine (50 microM) or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 0.1 microM), was inhibited by PD-098059 (100 microM). PD-098059 did not alter the sensitivity or the maximal level of force in smooth muscle stimulated by histamine or PDBu, nor did PD-098059 affect contraction of beta-escin-permeabilized tissue. Our data suggest that p44 and p42 MAP kinases are not involved in regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction. These results do not, however, preclude a role for other isoforms of the MAP kinase family.
A New Internal Ribosomal Entry Site 5′ Boundary Is Required for Poliovirus Translation Initiation in a Mouse System (1998)

Four mutants of the virulent Mahoney strain of poliovirus were generated by introducing mutations in nucleotides (nt) 128 to 134 of the genome, a region that contains a part of the stem-loop II (SLII) structure located within the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES; nt 120 to 590) (K. Shiroki, T. Ishii, T. Aoki, Y. Ota, W.-X. Yang, T. Komatsu, Y. Ami, M. Arita, S. Abe, S. Hashizume, and A. Nomoto, J. Virol. 71:1-8, 1997). These mutants (SLII mutants) replicated well in human HeLa cells but not in mouse TgSVA cells that had been established from the kidney of a poliovirus-sensitive transgenic mouse. Their neurovirulence in mice was also greatly attenuated compared to that of the parental virus. The poor replication activity of the SLII mutants in TgSVA cells appeared to be attributable to reduced activity of the IRES. Two and three naturally occurring revertants that replicated well in TgSVA cells were isolated from mutants SLII-1 and SLII-5, respectively. The revertants recovered IRES activity in a cell-free translation system from TgSVA cells and returned to a neurovirulent phenotype like that of the Mahoney strain in mice. Two of the revertant sites that affected the phenotype were identified as being at nt 107 and within a region from nt 120 to 161. A mutation at nt 107, specifically a change from uridine to adenine, was observed in all the revertant genomes and exerted a significant effect on the revertant phenotype. Exhibition of the full revertant phenotype required mutations in both regions. These results suggested that nt 107 of poliovirus RNA is involved in structures required for the IRES activity in mouse cells.
Mobile service agents enabling "intelligence on demand" in telecommunications (2002)

Today many countries are aiming for the establishment of national information infrastructures in order to satisfy the emerging needs of the upcoming information society. This infrastructure should provide the foundation of an "electronic marketplace", where information services and telecommunication services will be offered by competitive service providers to arbitrary customers. The rapid and customized provision of services, which we call "intelligence on demand" represents an important prerequisite for the realization of a dynamic market place. In this context the concept of "mobile service agents" offers a new paradigm for the rapid and customized provision of services in open distributed processing environments. We illustrate the differences between telecommunication services based on the traditional, i.e. RPC-based client/server paradigm, and service implementations based on mobile service agents. We also discuss architectural principles and requirements of a distributed agent environment supporting mobile service agents. To show the benefits of mobile agent technology and specifically its application for the realization of mobile service agents, the paper addresses the impact of the mobile service agent concept on existing and upcoming telecommunication architectures such as IN, TMN and TINA.
Solid-State Carbon-13 NMR and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Cellulose Disordering by Alkali Treatment (1987)

High resolution solid state 13kC NMR spectroscopy supplemented by WAXS measurements proved to be a useful tool in elucidating structural changes of cellulose due to chemical transformations and phase transitions (1). The 13C-CP/MAS-NMR spectra are sensitive to changes in chain conformation and packing density as well as to specific changes in the chemical environment of the different OH-groups of the anhydroglucose units. In our previous work in this field we discussed 13C solid state NMR spectra of alkali cellulose and its dependence on NaOH concentration, experimentally obtained by us for the first time (2). Furthermore, we discussed the spectra of various samples of regenerated cellulose differing in supermolecular order (3). Quite recently, Kamide (4,5) in a more detailed 13C NMR study on cellulose and its alkalization process correlated the changes in the 13C NMR spectrum to a selective weakening or even destruction of the H-bonds in the cellulose moiety. The
Action Recognition for Support of Adaptive Gameplay: A Case Study of a First Person Shooter (2010)

With games continuously and rapidly evolving to become more complex and sophisticated in their nature and implementation. There is a fundamental need to sustain and deliver a similarly advanced, realistic, and engaging experience for the player. The implementation of “emergence” within games as providing an effective means to sustain this engagement in conjunction with some form of action recognition mechanism for its support. More recently, games have made much of the “adaptive” mechanisms that tailor the player experience during the game, but much of this appears to be implemented by merely making the game harder according to the success of the player. Some go further than this by incorporating adaptive AI that change agent tactics to suit the player's style of play. Whilst these are clearly advances in the approach to providing a player-centric experience to engage the player, the basis and transferability of these approaches is open to question. Here we propose a limited flavour of “emergence” which can be used to support an adaptive game mechanism and so present players with different gameplay experiences based on their actions within the game.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Pharmacological Therapies for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (2013)

Selecting an appropriate pDPN therapy is key given the large number of available treatments. Comparative results revealed relative equivalence among many of the studied interventions having the largest overall sample sizes and highlight the importance of standardization of methods to effectively assess pain.
Solubilization and purification of rat liver 5′-nucleotidase by use of a zwitterionic detergent and a monoclonal-antibody immunoadsorbent (1982)

1. A variety of detergents were used to solubilize 5'-nucleotidase from rat liver plasma membranes. 2. The zwitterionic detergent Sulphobetaine 14 gave optimal solubilization by the criteria of release into a high-speed-centrifugation supernatant and the formation of the smallest and least polydisperse active enzyme observed on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 3. The Sulphobetaine 14-solubilized enzyme from rat liver was purified by using the conventional techniques of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, or by an immunoaffinity step with a monoclonal antibody immunoadsorbent. 4. 5'-Nucleotidase was purified at least 12 000-fold relative to liver homogenate by the immunoaffinity purification scheme and had a specific activity in the range 285-340 mumol/min per mg of protein. The yield was in the range 9-16%. 5. The purified enzyme shows a major polypeptide band of apparent Mr 70 000 on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and a minor band of apparent Mr 38 000. 6. A rational approach to the general problem of the purification of minor intrinsic membrane proteins is discussed, with the use of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to determine the most appropriate detergent and monoclonal antibodies in subsequent immunoaffinity purification.
Pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>d</i>]triazines‐1,2,4. II. Etude des pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>d</i>]triazinones‐1 et ‐4 (1980)

Abstract La synthèse des dihydro‐1,2 oxo‐1 pyrrolo[1,2‐ d ]triazines‐1,2,4 2 est effectuée soit par transposition en milieu alcalin de pyrrolyl‐2 oxadiazoles, soit par cyclisation de N ‐éthoxyméthylidène‐hydrazides pyrroliques. La dihydro‐3,4 oxo‐4 pyrrolo[1,2‐ d ]triazine‐1,2,4 5a est accessible par cyclisation en milieu alcalin de la N ‐carbéthoxyhydrazone du formyl‐2 pyrrole. Les réactions de substitution électrophile des pyrrolotriazinones‐1 et ‐4 sont réalisables soit au niveau de l'azote lactamique avec des agents électrophiles tels que le sulfate diméthylique, le chlorure de benzyle ou l'acide monochloracétique, soit au niveau du cycle pyrrolique avec le brome ou l'acide nitrique. Les structures des dérivés obtenus sont établies par rmn 1 H.
The protection of aminophenyl groups in organometallic syntheses (1966)

The trimethylsilyl group can be used to protect aminophenyl groups in organometallic transformations as follows: p-Li·C6H4·N(SiMe3)2, prepared from p-Br·C6H4·N(SiMe3)2 and lithium or n-butyl-lithium, couples normally with halogeno-silanes and -germanes and with carbonyl compounds. The intermediates can be isolated, [p-R3M·C6H4·N(SiMe3)2 : R3M = Me3Si or Et3Ge] and methanolysed, or hydrolysed directly to the free amines [p-R3M·C6H4·NH2; p-NH2·C6H4·C(OH)PhR′: R′= H or Ph]. A Wurtz–Fittig coupling reaction between m-Cl·C6H4N(SiMe3)2 and Me3SiCl gave m-Me3Si·C6H4·N(SiMe3)2 which on solvolysis afforded m-Me3Si·C6H4·NH2.
Piggyback CrowdSensing (PCS) (2013)

Fueled by the widespread adoption of sensor-enabled smartphones, mobile crowdsourcing is an area of rapid innovation. Many crowd-powered sensor systems are now part of our daily life -- for example, providing highway congestion information. However, participation in these systems can easily expose users to a significant drain on already limited mobile battery resources. For instance, the energy burden of sampling certain sensors (such as WiFi or GPS) can quickly accumulate to levels users are unwilling to bear. Crowd system designers must minimize the negative energy side-effects of participation if they are to acquire and maintain large-scale user populations.
Physiological evaluation of a new quantitative SPECT method measuring regional ventilation and perfusion (2004)

We have developed a new quantitative single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) method that uses (113m)In-labeled albumin macroaggregates and Technegas ((99m)Tc) to estimate the distributions of regional ventilation and perfusion for the whole lung. The multiple inert-gas elimination technique (MIGET) and whole lung respiratory gas exchange were used as physiological evaluations of the SPECT method. Regional ventilation and perfusion were estimated by SPECT in nine healthy volunteers during awake, spontaneous breathing. Radiotracers were administered with subjects sitting upright, and SPECT images were acquired with subjects supine. Whole lung gas exchange of MIGET gases and arterial Po(2) and Pco(2) gases was predicted from estimates of regional ventilation and perfusion. We found a good agreement between measured and SPECT-predicted exchange of MIGET and respiratory gases. Correlations (r(2)) between SPECT-predicted and measured inert-gas excretions and retentions were 0.99. The method offers a new tool for measuring regional ventilation and perfusion in humans.
Truth maintenance (1990)

General purpose truth maintenance systems have received considerable attention in the past few years. This paper discusses the functionality of truth maintenance systems and compares various existing algorithms. Applications and directions for future research are also discussed.
Laser Pointer Interaction with Hand Tremor Elimination (2003)

S.736-740
2-Oxo-3-alkynoic Acids, Universal Mechanism-Based Inactivators of Thiamin Diphosphate-Dependent Decarboxylases:  Synthesis and Evidence for Potent Inactivation of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex (1997)

A new class of compounds, the 2-oxo-3-alkynoic acids with a phenyl substituent at carbon 4 was reported by the authors as potent irreversible and mechanism-based inhibitors of the thiamin diphosphate- (ThDP-) dependent enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase [Chiu, C.-F., & Jordan, F. (1994) J. Org. Chem. 59, 5763-5766]. The method has been successfully extended to the synthesis of the 4-, 5-, and 7-carbon aliphatic members of this family of compounds. These three compounds were then tested on three ThDP-dependent pyruvate decarboxylases: the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) and its E1 (ThDP-dependent) component, pyruvate oxidase (POX, phosphorylating; from Lactobacillus plantarum),and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) from Saccharomycescerevisiae. All three enzymes were irreversibly inhibited by the new compounds. The 4-carbon acid is the best substrate-analog inactivator known to date for PDHc, more potent than either fluoropyruvate or bromopyruvate. The following conclusions were drawn from extensive studies with PDHc: (a) The kinetics of inactivation of PDH complexes and of resolved E1 by 2-oxo-3-alkynoic acids is time- and concentration-dependent. (b) The 4-carbon acid has a Ki 2 orders of magnitude stronger than the 5-carbon acid, clearly demonstrating the substrate specificity of PDHc. (c) The rate of inactivation of PDH complexes and of resolved E1 by 2-oxo-3-alkynoic acids is enhanced by the addition of ThDP and MgCl2. (d) Pyruvate completely protects E1 and partially protects PDHc from inactivation by 2-oxo-3-butynoic acid. (e) E1 but not E2-E3 is the target of inactivation by 2-oxo-3-butynoic acid. (f) Inactivation of E1 by 2-oxo-3-butynoic acid is accompanied by modification of 1.3 cysteines/E1 monomer. The order of reactivity with the 4-carbon acid was PDHc > POX > PDC. While the order of reactivity with PDHc and POX was 2-oxo-3-butynoic acid > 2-oxo-3-pentynoic acid > 2-oxo-3-heptynoic acid, the order of reactivity was reversed with PDC.
D. H. 로렌스의 초기 단편소설에 나타난 자전적 스케치: 「늙은 아담」과 「현대풍의 마녀」를 중심으로 (2012)

Generally an author writes his works by using direct or indirect experiences. By help of those experiences, he (or she) exerts all his (or her) imaginative power. David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930) cannot be considered an exception, since he is a great novelist who wrote a great deal of work based on experiences. Most people regard Lawrence as a novelist. However, it is not correct that his literary competence is only confined to novels. Even though his novels have become the subject of much attention, his ability to write excellent short stories should be examined. Lawrence`s early short stories are mainly focused on his family`s lives in ugly colliery countryside and his love and sex life with his familiar female friends. Old Adam and Witch a la mode are regarded as his autobiographical sketches drawing on his direct or indirect experiences with his acquaintances, especially women. Even though some critics do not evaluate their literary qualities highly, each of these two works illustrate specific traits of literary competence. Old Adam is basically based on his experiences during his stay in the Croydon area of London. The landlord and landlady of his boarding house are dramatized as Mr. and Mrs. Thomas. The love triangle between one beautiful and ripe woman and two male protagonists will be extended to a kind of rivalrous conflict between Paul and Baxter Dawes for Clara Dawes in Sons and Lovers. The two lady protagonists in Witch a la mode are modelled on Louie Burrows and Helen Corke from Lawrence`s real life. The male protagonist cannot decide which of the two women he prefers, as he contemplates which woman offers him most satisfaction in terms of love and sex. Though the male protagonist has a strong sexual desire for Winifred in this work, he cannot embark on a love affair with her, because of his shyness, loss of manhood and lack of resolution. Furthermore, the theme of death and resurrection expressed in these two short stories is very important, since Lawrence uses this theme consistently during his life. In short, Old Adam and Witch a la mode are considered Lawrence`s early autobiographical experimental short story sketches. However, Lawrence`s hidden literary power of using literary devices and biblical allusion on death and resurrection in these tales becomes most evident as his writing blossoms in his later more important works.
Triflyloxy-substituted carboranes as useful weakly coordinating anions (2015)

New carborane anions carrying one or three triflyloxy substituents are described. The mono-triflyloxy substituted carborane can be halogenated to give pentabromo and decachloro derivatives with preservation of the B-OTf linkage. The use of [HCB11Cl10OTf](-) as a weakly coordinating anion is demonstrated.
On the Impact of Environmental Metrics on CVSS Scores (2010)

CVSS is a framework which provides a method for rating the severity level of IT vulnerabilities. It takes into account not only the intrinsic characteristics of the vulnerability, but also its evolution over time and the user environment in which it is detected. A severity, or CVSS, score, is evaluated using several metrics : base / temporal / environmental. Base metrics assessments are achieved through organizations which maintain IT dictionaries ( CVE for example). These ratings can be found in public IT vulnerability databases such as NVD, OSVDB, ... This paper studies the impact of applying environmental metrics to CVSS scores stored in NVD database, focuses on the variation of CVSS score distribution and identifies specific problems in modified CVSS score formulae.
Preemptive Effect of Fentanyl and Ketamine on Postoperative Pain and Wound Hyperalgesia (1994)

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the induction and maintenance of anesthesia with the use of fentanyl or ketamine reduces postoperative pain and wound hyperalgesia beyond the period when these effects can be explained by the direct analgesic action of these drugs. Twenty-seven patients scheduled for elective hysterectomy were investigated in a double-blind, randomized study. Patients were divided into three groups. In the fentanyl group, anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 5 micrograms/kg combined with thiopental 3 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane and fentanyl 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1. In the ketamine group, anesthesia was induced with ketamine 2 mg/kg in combination with thiopental 3 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane and ketamine 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. In the control group, anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane only. Patients in all three groups received identical postoperative pain treatment. The intensity of spontaneous incisional pain and movement-associated pain was measured with a visual analog self-rating method. The surgical wound hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring pain threshold to pressure on the wound by using an algometer, and also by measuring the intensity of pain to suprathreshold pressure on the wound with the visual analog self-rating method. Forty-eight hours after surgery, the pain threshold was 0.90 +/- 0.06 kg in controls, 1.69 +/- 0.19 kg (P < 0.001) in the fentanyl group, and 1.49 +/- 0.15 kg (P < 0.01) in the ketamine group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Conversion of D-Xylose-1-C<sup>14</sup> into 2-Furaldehyde-α-C<sup>14</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conversion of D-Xylose-1-C14 into 2-Furaldehyde-α-C14William A. Bonner and Max R. RothCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5454–5456Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01529a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LUNG ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN THE RAT (1985)

To find out to what extent rejection of lungs differs from that of other organs, functional rejection of lung allografts was studied in five combinations of inbred rat strains. Rejection could be monitored accurately by perfusion scintigraphy, and equally well by chest roentgenography. The rejection of lung grafts was found to proceed remarkably fast, when compared with heart grafts, in combinations with strong RT1-incompatibilities. This accelerated rejection pattern could be converted into rejection at a normal pace by pretreatment of the donor with 10 Gy roentgen irradiation one day before transplantation. Donor pretreatment depleted the lung graft's bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of lymphocytes. When grafts were depleted of all other passenger cells as well--by retransplantation from a cyclosporine-treated intermediate host--they showed an even more reduced immunogenicity, probably because of the loss of donor-type dendritic cells. These results indicate that lymphocytes from the BALT of lung grafts are capable of accelerating the rejection response.