gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power, twin-frequency FIR lasers for plasma diagnostic applications (1986)

The development of imaging interferometry and multichannel heterodyne scattering systems for fusion plasma diagnosis has dictated the development of high-power, stable twin-frequency sources in the 100→1000 μm spectral region. Output powers of 500 mW (185 μm), 150 mW (393 μm), 100 mW (496 μm), and 25 mW (1.22 mm) have been measured directly on a Scientech Calorimeter applying no correction factors. These powers have been achieved via the optimization of the CO2 and far infrared (FIR) laser cavities together with the use of buffer gases (to relieve bottlenecking) and variation of the pumped molecular gas temperature (to optimize the ground-state population). The source intermediate frequency (IF) jitter in twin-frequency FIR laser systems has also been investigated in detail. The effect of CO2 and FIR feedback on the IF frequency has been studied with the view of producing low-cost stable laser systems without complicated active stabilization. Finally a comparison between a novel twin-frequency laser involving a single optical cavity and a conventional system involving two separate cavities has been performed. The conclusions drawn from the above studies have been utilized in the design of laser systems operational on the TEXT tokamak and at UCLA.
Chromosome triplication found across the tribe <i>Brassiceae</i> (2005)

We have used an approximately 8.7-Mb BAC contig of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 4 to trace homeologous chromosome regions in 21 species of the family Brassicaceae. Homeologs of this segment could be identified in all tested species. Painting of pachytene chromosomes of Calepina, Conringia, and Sisymbrium species (2n = 14, 16), traditionally placed in tribe Brassiceae, showed one homeologous copy of the Arabidopsis contig, while the remaining taxa of the tribe (2n = 14-30) revealed three, and three Brassica species (2n = 34, 36, and 38) and Erucastrum gallicum (2n = 30) had six copies corresponding to the 8.7-Mb segment. The multiple homeologous copies corresponded structurally to the Arabidopsis segment or were rearranged by inversions and translocations within the diploidized genomes. These chromosome rearrangements accompanied by chromosome fusions/fissions led to the present-day chromosome number variation within the Brassiceae. Phylogenetic relationships based on the chloroplast 5'-trnL (UAA)-trnF(GAA) region and estimated divergence times based on sequence data of the chalcone synthase gene are congruent with comparative painting data and place Calepina, Conringia, and Sisymbrium outside the clade of Brassiceae species with triplicated genomes. Most likely, species containing three or six copy pairs descended from a common hexaploid ancestor with basic genomes similar to that of Arabidopsis. The presumed hexaploidization event occurred after the Arabidopsis-Brassiceae split, between 7.9 and 14.6 Mya.
Economic Growth and Convergence, Applied to China (2016)

从有条件的集中的观点，自从 1990，瓷器 GDP 生长率令人惊讶地高。然而，中国不能从全球历史的经验永远背离，并且人均的生长率是可能的每年来自整个 8% 很快掉到 3-4% 的一个范围。中国能被看作一个中间收入的集中成功故事，与哥斯达黎加，印度尼西亚，秘鲁，泰国和乌拉圭组织了。高收入的集中成功(向哪个中国多半正在出发) 包括智利，香港，爱尔兰，马来西亚，波兰，新加坡，南朝鲜和台湾。
Interval approximations of message causality in distributed execution : observation d'exécutions réparties datation par intervalles : version anglaise et française (1991)

Disponible dans les fichiers attachés à ce document
Benefits of blade sweep for advanced turboprops (1985)

Blade sweep is one of the features incorporated in advanced turboprop (prop-fan) designs. Sweep is incorporated to enhance efficiency and reduce noise. This paper discusses the theoretical basis for performance enhancement and noise reduction and discusses the experimental evidence demonstrating the value of this feature in current prop-fan designs. The emphasis is on single-rotation prop-fans, but the benefits to counterrotation prop-fan designs are discussed briefly.
Silica / polyaniline composite nanoparticle produced in an inverse microemulsion solution for the electrochromic applications (2007)

Composite nanoparticles of silica/polyaniline were synthesized and tested as an electrochromic material. For the optical application of the particles, the size was designed to be less than 100 nm in diameter, and for the size control of the particles a microemulsion synthesis method was employed. The microemulsion solution was composed of cyclohexane, 1-hexanol, Triton X-100 and aqueous phase. A stable microemulsion composition was selected as 65.4 wt% cyclohexane, 30.4 wt% surfactant and 4.2 wt% aqueous phase, where the surfactant means a mixture of 1-hexanol and Triton X-100. Hexanol-to-Triton X-100 mixing ratio in weight was chosen as 2. It was demonstrated that silica particles could be obtained from the microemulsion solution when TEOS was added to cyclohexane and an acidic catalyst was added to aqueous phase. The preparation of the composite nanoparticles of silica/polyaniline was also performed from the microemulsion solution. Monomer aniline and a polymerization agent were added to the aqueous phase. Microstructure analysis such as TEM and BET surface area measurement showed that polyaniline is incorporated in the pores of silica structure. It was proven that the composite structure enhances the chemical stability of the material, such as resistivity to the dissolution by formic acid, while the pure polyaniline showed complete dissolution. An electrochromic property enhancement was also demonstrated for a film made of the nanoparticles.\nThe electrochromic properties of the electrochromic films deposited on the FTO-coated glass were compared with films prepared by the deposition of pure polyaniline by a chemical polymerization. The composite films showed increased electrochemical durability.
Rectenna Array Equipped on Satellites (2016)

Space solar-power satellites may one day transmit large amounts of high-powered microwave beams to Earth from geostationary Earth orbit. New spacecraft can be designed to prosper from this new available source of energy by equipping future spacecraft with a rectenna array or hybrid photovoltaic/rectenna array system. This idea offers prospective benefits, such as extending the mission lifetime of the spacecraft through increasing the life of the power generation function and reducing the power generation units mass. This paper explores the integration of rectenna array and hybrid photovoltaic/rectenna array systems into future spacecraft and compares this method to the conventional photovoltaic array method, considering mission and component life, mass, area, and energy harvesting capabilities. Cost is compared between conventional photovoltaic array and the rectenna array. This paper shows that the integrated hybrid photovoltaic/rectenna array power generation unit seems a viable option in obtaining the aforementioned benefits in the case of a retrodirective beam scenario. A power irradiance map is provided, based on former space solar-power satellites reference systems, that shows what lower orbiting satellites could experience from a microwave power beam delivered to Earth if future geostationary-Earth-orbit space solar-power satellites are operational.
Laser-plasma sourced, temperature dependent, VUV spectrophotometer using dispersive analysis (1990)

We have developed a vacuum ultraviolet spectrophotometer with wide energy and temperature range coverage, utilizing a laser-plasma light source (LPLS), CO2-laser sample heating and time-resolved dispersive analysis. Reflection and transmission spectra can be taken from 1.7 to 40eV (31-700nm) on samples at 15-1800K with a time resolution of 20-400ns. These capabilities permit the study of the temperature dependence of the electronic structure, encompassing the effects of thermal lattice expansion and electron-phonon interaction, and changes in the electronic structure associated with equilibrium and metastable phase transitions and stress relaxation.
Speaker adaptation based on MAP estimation of HMM parameters (1993)

A number of issues related to the application of Bayesian learning techniques to speaker adaptation are investigated. It is shown that the seed models required to construct prior densities to obtain the MAP (maximum a posteriori) estimate can be a speaker-independent (SI) model, a set of female and male models, or even a task-independent acoustic model. Speaker-adaptive training algorithms are shown to be effective in improving the performance of both speaker-dependent and speaker-independent speech recognition systems. The segmental MAP estimation formulation is used to perform adaptive acoustic modeling for speaker adaptation applications. Tested on an RM (resource management) task, it was found that supervised speaker adaptation based on two gender-dependent models gave a better result than that obtained with a single SI seed. Compared with speaker-dependent training, speaker adaptation achieved an equal or better performance with the same amount of training/adaptation data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ecología Política y Economía Ecológica construidas a partir de la Cultura Rural (2015)

En este estudio se propone analizar los mecanismos culturales que las comunidades rurales de dos reservas naturales en Nicaragua: El Chocoyero- El Brujo y Miraflor-Moropotente, han desarrollo para el uso, manejo y conservación de los recursos naturales de sus entornos. Para la realización del mismo se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de textos especializados en la temática, y se relacionaron con evidencia empírica de las comunidades. Las mismas se caracterizan por poseer una importante reserva de recursos naturales que son utilizados en el desarrollo de las estrategias de vida. Las familias rurales poseen un amplio conocimiento sobre las formas de utilizar estos recursos naturales y cómo lograr la sustentabilidad de los mismos. Sin embargo el mercado capitalista y la articulación de los productores al mercado a través de rubros como la piña y la papa, ha cambiado paulatinamente la lógica de las instituciones económicas definidas históricamente por las comunidades que son las garantes de la conservación de los recursos naturales existentes. Tanto el mercado como el proceso de urbanización constituyen una amenaza latente para las comunidades.
Text Mining Software Survey. (2005)

Impaired adipocyte function contributes to systemic metabolic dysregulation, and altered fat mass or function increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. EHMTs 1 and 2 (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferases 1 and 2), also known as the G9a-like protein (GLP) and G9a, respectively, catalyze the mono- and di-methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and also methylate nonhistone substrates; in addition, they can act as transcriptional coactivators independent of their methyltransferase activity. These enzymes are known to contribute to adipocyte development and function, and in vivo data indicate a role for G9a and GLP in metabolic disease states; however, the mechanisms involved in the cell-autonomous functions of G9a and GLP in adipocytes are largely unknown. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine typically induced in adipose tissue in conditions of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Using an siRNA approach, we have determined that the loss of G9a and GLP enhances TNFα-induced lipolysis and inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes. Furthermore, we show that G9a and GLP are present in a protein complex with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in TNFα-treated adipocytes. These novel observations provide mechanistic insights into the association between adipocyte G9a and GLP expression and systemic metabolic health.
The Antimicrobial Mechanism of Action of Epsilon-Poly- <scp>l</scp> -Lysine (2014)

Epsilon-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural antimicrobial cationic peptide which is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) as a food preservative. Although its antimicrobial activity is well documented, its mechanism of action is only vaguely described. The aim of this study was to clarify ε-PL's mechanism of action using Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua as model organisms. We examined ε-PL's effect on cell morphology and membrane integrity and used an array of E. coli deletion mutants to study how specific outer membrane components affected the action of ε-PL. We furthermore studied its interaction with lipid bilayers using membrane models. In vitro cell studies indicated that divalent cations and the heptose I and II phosphate groups in the lipopolysaccharide layer of E. coli are critical for ε-PL's binding efficiency. ε-PL removed the lipopolysaccharide layer and affected cell morphology of E. coli, while L. innocua underwent minor morphological changes. Propidium iodide staining showed that ε-PL permeabilized the cytoplasmic membrane in both species, indicating the membrane as the site of attack. We compared the interaction with neutral or negatively charged membrane systems and showed that the interaction with ε-PL relied on negative charges on the membrane. Suspended membrane vesicles were disrupted by ε-PL, and a detergent-like disruption of E. coli membrane was confirmed by atomic force microscopy imaging of supported lipid bilayers. We hypothesize that ε-PL destabilizes membranes in a carpet-like mechanism by interacting with negatively charged phospholipid head groups, which displace divalent cations and enforce a negative curvature folding on membranes that leads to formation of vesicles/micelles.
N‐Glycans of sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor Edg‐1 regulate ligand‐induced receptor internalization (2002)

Endothelial differentiation gene-1 product (Edg-1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for the platelet derived bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P). Recent studies have shown that in response to Sph-1-P, Edg-1 mediates various signaling pathways through downstream signaling molecules, such as MAP kinase and calcium, via heterotrimeric G-proteins. We found for the first time that Edg-1 is glycosylated in its amino-terminal extracellular portion, and further identified the specific glycosylation site as asparagine 30 by creating a nonglycosylated mutant of Edg-1 (N30D-Edg-1) and transfecting it into cell lines. The nonglycosylated mutant receptors, resembling their wild-type controls, were predominantly expressed in the plasma membrane. Although there was no difference in ligand binding ability and ligand-induced MAP kinase activation in the wild-type and mutant receptors, nonglycosylated Edg-1 was much less responsive for ligand-induced internalization. Unlike the wild-type receptor, which was associated with the caveolae, nonglycosylated N30D-Edg-1 was dispersed broadly in the membrane fractions separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, suggesting that internalization and microdomain localization of N-glycosylated Edg-1 might be related. Although the precise molecular mechanism of the internalization of the N-glycosylated Edg-1 localized in the microdomain remains to be examined, the present study suggested that the presence of N-linked glycan in the receptor may play a regulatory role in the receptor dynamics in ligand-stimulated mammalian cells.
Improvement of the Rett Syndrome Phenotype in a Mecp2 Mouse Model Upon Treatment with Levodopa and a Dopa-Decarboxylase Inhibitor (2014)

Rett Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for methyl CpG-binding protein (MeCP2). The disease is characterized by abnormal motor, respiratory, cognitive impairment, and autistic-like behaviors. No effective treatment of the disorder is available. Mecp2 knockout mice have a range of physiological and neurological abnormalities that resemble the human syndrome and can be used as a model to interrogate new therapies. Herein, we show that the combined administration of Levodopa and a Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor in RTT mouse models is well tolerated, diminishes RTT-associated symptoms, and increases life span. The amelioration of RTT symptomatology is particularly significant in those features controlled by the dopaminergic pathway in the nigrostratium, such as mobility, tremor, and breathing. Most important, the improvement of the RTT phenotype upon use of the combined treatment is reflected at the cellular level by the development of neuronal dendritic growth. However, much work is required to extend the duration of the benefit of the described preclinical treatment.
Mechanism of cholera toxin action: Covalent modification of the guanyl nucleotide-binding protein of the adenylate cyclase system (1978)

Treatment of pigeon erythrocyte membranes with cholera toxin and NAD(+) enhanced the GTP stimulation and suppressed the F(-) activation of the adenylate cylase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1]. In the presence of NAD(+) labeled with (32)P in the AMP moiety the toxin catalyzed the covalent incorporation of radioactivity into membrane proteins with molecular weights (M(r)s) of 200,000, 86,000, and 42,000. Extraction of toxin-treated membranes with Lubrol PX followed by affinity chromatography on a GTP-Sepharose column resulted in a 200-fold purification of the 42,000-M(r) labeled protein and in its complete separation from the other labeled proteins. The fraction containing the purified GTP-binding component from toxin-treated membranes conferred an enhanced GTP-stimulated activity on adenylate cyclase solubilized from nontreated membranes. Likewise, the addition of GTP-binding fraction from nontreated membranes to an enzyme solubilized from toxin-treated membranes restored F(-) stimulation of the adenylate cyclase. The toxin-induced modification of adenylate cyclase and the incorporation of radioactivity into the 42,000-M(r) protein were partially reversed upon incubation with toxin and nicotinamide at pH 6.1. The results indicate that cholera toxin affects the adenylate cyclase system by catalyzing an ADP-ribosylation of the 42,000-M(r) component bearing the guanyl nucleotide regulatory site.
Abundant expression of EBER1 small nuclear RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A morphologically distinctive target for detection of Epstein-Barr virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinoma specimens. (1991)

The highly restricted expression of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome in malignancy has limited the use of EBV detection methods applicable to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinoma specimens. In EBV-transformed lymphocytes very short nonprotein coding EBV transcripts (EBERs) are expressed in much higher abundance (10(7) copies per cell) than other EBV latency transcripts. Using a 3H riboprobe, the authors demonstrated EBER1 expression in NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMAS (NPCs) as well as in parotid salivary gland. Recognition of EBER1 expression was facilitated by the intensity of hybridization and its characteristic morphology (nuclear with nucleolar sparing). EBER1 expression was not demonstrated in other epithelial malignancies arising from mucosal surfaces (oropharynx, uterine cervix) from which EBV shedding has been detected. Repeat study of the NPC specimens with digoxigenin-labeled probe yielded hybridization signal with subcellular morphologic detail and without background in a 12-hour procedure. Thus the EBER1 transcript is an appropriate target for in situ hybridization detection of EBV in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinoma specimens.
A CMOS Receiver Front-End for 3.1-10.6 GHz Ultra-Wideband Radio (2006)

The design of a CMOS ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver front-end for high data rate, short-range wireless communications is presented. Targeted for the MB-OFDM UWB standard proposal, the receiver front-end uses a direct-conversion architecture and integrates a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) and two double-balanced mixers for quadrature downconversion. Designed in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology and housed in a low-cost LPCC package, the prototype chip delivers 22.9-26.4 dB of power gain and 4.8-7.7 dB of double-sideband noise figure over the entire 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB band. An input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of -11.5 dBm ensures a linear receiver. Operating from a 1.5-V supply, the UWB receiver frontend draws 32 mA dc current
Prevention of Obesity in Middle‐Aged Monkeys: Food Intake During Body Weight Clamp (1995)

Prevention of obesity and increase in longevity in obesity-prone rodents can be achieved by long-term moderate dietary restriction. In order to examine the likelihood that caloric restriction could have similar salutary effects in humans, rhesus monkeys, after reaching mature adult stature, were placed on a protocol to clamp or stabilize body weight by weekly caloric adjustment. Furtherweight gain was prevented by this caloric titration procedure, and thus middle-age onset obesity, which is very common in this species, was prevented. The present study analyzed daily food intake for six weight-clamped monkeys and six ad libitum fed age-matched animals over a 3-year period, ages 18.5 to 21.5 years. After approximately 9 years of caloric restriction the daily calorie load to maintain stable adult body weight proved to be 40% less than the amount ingested by ad libitum fed animals. Calories per kg body weight did not differ significantly between the groups although the ad libitum fed animals were significantly fatter than the weight-clamped group. Prevention of obesity using this weight clamp protocol has also maintained lower insulin levels and higher glucose tolerance in the restricted animals.
3D object proposals for accurate object class detection (2015)

The goal of this paper is to generate high-quality 3D object proposals in the con-text of autonomous driving. Our method exploits stereo imagery to place propos-als in the form of 3D bounding boxes. We formulate the problem as minimizing an energy function encoding object size priors, ground plane as well as several depth informed features that reason about free space, point cloud densities and distance to the ground. Our experiments show significant performance gains over existing RGB and RGB-D object proposal methods on the challenging KITTI benchmark. Combined with convolutional neural net (CNN) scoring, our approach outper-forms all existing results on all three KITTI object classes. 1
Developing points‐based risk‐scoring systems in the presence of competing risks (2017)

The supporting information file for this paper1 has been updated and can be downloaded at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/sim.6994/suppinfo.
Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems (1995)

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are toxic compounds formed during natural processes and human activities.The basic questions about PCDD/Fformation such as (1) what is the influence of process parameters on the formation process, (2) what reaction mechanisms are involved in formation, and (3) what kinetics describes PCDD/F formation are discussed, and recommendations are given.
Quantitating the Lattice Strain Dependence of Monolayer Pt Shell Activity toward Oxygen Reduction (2013)

Lattice strain of Pt-based catalysts reflecting d-band status is the decisive factor of their catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). For the newly arisen monolayer Pt system, however, no general strategy to isolate the lattice strain has been achieved due to the short-range ordering structure of monolayer Pt shells on different facets of core nanoparticles. Herein, based on the extended X-ray absorption fine structure of monolayer Pt atoms on various single crystal facets, we propose an effective methodology for evaluating the lattice strain of monolayer Pt shells on core nanoparticles. The quantitative lattice strain establishes a direct correlation to monolayer Pt shell ORR activity.