gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-world robotic excavation for large-scale habitat construction and resource extraction (2006)

This paper describes technologies we have developed to perform autonomous large-scale off-world excavation. A scale dragline excavator of size similar to that required for lunar excavation was made capable of autonomous control. Systems have been put in place to allow remote operation of the machine from anywhere in the world. Algorithms have been developed for complete autonomous digging and dumping of material taking into account machine and terrain constraints and regolith variability. Experimental results are presented showing the ability to autonomously excavate and move large amounts of regolith and accurately place it at a specified location.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Bevantolol (1986)

Bevantolol (the hydrochloride salt) has pharmacokinetic properties that are clinically advantageous. Bevantolol is well absorbed orally (greater than 70%); and the systemic bioavailability is 60%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved 1 to 2 hours following an oral dose. Elimination is first-order with an average elimination half-life of 1.5 hours. Bevantolol exhibits linear pharmacokinetics within the therapeutic range (100 to 400 mg) with no change in half-life with chronic dosing. These properties result in predictable plasma levels and predictable drug response.
Adhesion to fibronectin prolongs eosinophil survival. (1993)

We have investigated the effect of adhesion to fibronectin (Fn) on the survival of eosinophils in culture. Peripheral blood eosinophils from normal human donors were separated by immunomagnetic selection and cultured in RPMI on Fn- (100 micrograms/ml) coated microtiter plates for up to 96 h. Survival was measured by trypan blue exclusion. There was a significant enhancement of eosinophil survival with Fn as compared with both bovine serum albumin-coated and uncoated wells (p < 0.05-0.01). Fn-induced eosinophil survival was comparable to that obtained with exogenous interleukin 3 (IL-3) or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and was inhibitable by antibodies against Fn, very late antigen 4 (VLA-4), IL-3, and GM-CSF. Supernatants from Fn-, but not BSA-coated wells contained picogram amounts of IL-3 and GM-CSF, and eosinophils cultured on Fn for 24 h expressed mRNA for GM-CSF as determined by in situ hybridization. Therefore, Fn prolongs eosinophil survival in culture by triggering autocrine generation of cytokines by eosinophils. Since neutrophils lack VLA-4, this could provide a partial explanation for the preferential accumulation of eosinophils at sites of allergic inflammation, as well as the predominant tissue localization of eosinophils in healthy individuals.
Antibody‐antigen complex formation following injection of OC125 monoclonal antibody in patients with ovarian cancer (1987)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) OC125 binds to approximately 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers. Serum antigen, CA125, can be detected in these patients. 131I-OC125-F(ab')2 was injected into 5 ovarian carcinoma patients with preinjection serum levels of 150 to 9,000 CA125 U/ml. Patients received the antibody intravenously in doses ranging from 0.46 to 0.94 mg with a specific activity of approximately 2.5 mCi/mg 131I. The half-life in the circulation was approximately 30 hr and was independent of serum CA125 levels. Clearance of 131I from the circulation fitted an open, one-compartment mathematical model. Gel filtration chromatography revealed antibody-antigen complexes in sera 15 min after injection of the radiolabelled antibody. By 5 days after injection, the free form of OC125 antibody could not be detected in the serum. The rate of complex formation correlated well with the observed preinjection serum CA125 levels. This direct correlation was verified in vitro using purified CA125 antigen and radiolabelled OC125 F(ab')2 fragments. The specific effects of complex formation on tumor localization remains unclear. However, the presence of complexes should not be ignored, when planning for diagnostic imaging or immunotherapy with OC125 or other MAbs reacting with circulating antigen.
Designing intelligent muscle into industrial motion control (1990)

Following a brief discussion of the underlying PIC (power integrated circuit) semiconductor technology, a tutorial review of PIC applications in a broad spectrum of stepper, DC, brushless DC, and AC motor drive configurations is presented. PIC designs used in motor drives covering a range of power ratings from <100 W to >10 kW are surveyed. Strengths and limitations of present PIC technology are discussed, revealing likely directions for future PIC developments and their potential impact on tomorrow's motion control systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of fouling potential of nanofiltration membranes based on the dynamic contact angle measurements (2012)

In this work the studies were performed on the intensity of fouling of the membrane NF90 and NF270 depending on the value of dynamic contact angle, previously determined for these membrane. The NF membranes were used for the separation of broth obtained during the fermentation of glycerol by Lactobacillus casei bacteria. The measurements of dynamic contact angle were carried out using the Wilhelmy plate method. Taped membranes samples (support layer to support layer), wetted for 2 days in deionized water prior to testing, were used to study the contact angle of top layer and its organic fouling. Using deionized water; the contact angle values equal to 27-30o and 53-57o for NF270 and NF90, respectively, were obtained. As a consequence of adsorption of organic compound on the membrane surfaces, the contact angle obtained for both fouled membranes was about 55-56o, and this value was closer to the contact angle of non-fouled NF90 membrane. Therefore, the NF90 membrane was more resistant to organic fouling during the separation of broth.
<i>daf-12</i>encodes a nuclear receptor that regulates the dauer diapause and developmental age in<i>C. elegans</i> (2000)

The daf-12 gene acts at the convergence of pathways regulating larval diapause, developmental age, and adult longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. It encodes a nuclear receptor most closely related to two C. elegans receptors, NHR-8 and NHR-48, Drosophila DHR96, and vertebrate vitamin D and pregnane-X receptors. daf-12 has three predicted protein isoforms, two of which contain DNA- and ligand-binding domains, and one of which contains the ligand-binding domain only. Mutations cluster in DNA- and ligand-binding domains, but correspond to distinct phenotypic classes. DAF-12 is expressed widely in target tissues from embryo to adult, but is upregulated during midlarval stages. In the adult, expression persists in nervous system and somatic gonad, two tissues that regulate adult longevity. We propose that DAF-12 integrates hormonal signals in cellular targets to coordinate major life history traits.
Robot motion remix based on motion capture data towards human-like locomotion of humanoid robots (2009)

This paper presents preliminary results on generating walking and turning motion of a humanoid robot based on human motion data obtained by using motion capturing system. The target humanoid robot is recently released HRP-4C, which looks like a Japanese woman with realistic geometry. One of the main uses of this robot is to be entertainment. Therefore it is important that the robot's motions are easily created, and feasible for the robot. Captured human motion data are used as a starting point, to which the following modifications are added: step length, speed, rotational angle during turn, and so on. Dynamic balance is also considered. Verification is conducted through both simulation and experiment with HRP-4C. A turning performance based on human motion is successfully demonstrated.
Sparsity-driven radar auto-focus imaging under over-wavelength position perturbations (2016)

We consider a 2D imaging problem where a perturbed mono-static radar is used to detect localized targets situated in a region of interest. In order to deal with position-induced out-of-focus, we proposed a sparsity-driven auto-focus imaging approach in which each radar measurement is modeled as a superposition of weighted and delayed target signatures scattered from the corresponding target phase centers. We iteratively exploit the position-related delays and the target signatures by analyzing data coherence, and consequently form an adaptive projection matrix of the radar measurements. By imposing sparsity on the scattering weights, a sparse image and a dense image, without and with the target signatures respectively, are reconstructed. Compared to existing auto-focus methods, our approach significantly improves radar focus performance in imaging localized targets, even under position perturbations up to 10 wavelengths of the radar central frequency. We validate our algorithm with simulated noisy data.
Johne's Disease: A Hidden Threat (1998)

Paratuberculosis, which is also known as Johne's disease, is a chronic, progressive enteric disease of ruminants caused by infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Cattle become infected with M. paratuberculosis as calves but often do not develop clinical signs until 2 to 5 yr of age. The clinical disease is characterized by chronic or intermittent diarrhea, emaciation, and death. Although animals with clinical disease are often culled from the herd, animals with subclinical paratuberculosis may cause economic losses because of reduced milk production and poor reproductive performance. Although the economic impact of paratuberculosis on the national cattle industry has not been determined, it is estimated to exceed $1.5 billion/yr. The diagnosis of subclinical paratuberculosis is difficult. Bacteriologic culture is the most definitive method of diagnosis, but culture is time consuming and labor intensive. Serological assays are not very useful because animals do not develop an antibody response until the clinical stages of disease. Development of assays to measure cell-mediated immunity is critical to accurate detection of paratuberculosis in subclinically infected animals. Although not considered a zoonotic agent, M. paratuberculosis has been identified in intestinal biopsy tissue from patients with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory enteritis in humans. Currently, the potential human health risk is being addressed by research evaluating pasteurization of dairy products in the US.
Position paper on the need for portion‐size education and a standardised unit of measurement (2016)

Large portion sizes contribute to weight gain in western societies. Portion-size interventions, aids and education can be effective in helping prevent weight gain, but consumers are unsure what appropriate portions are and express confusion about existing guidelines. A lack of clarity about suggested serving size recommendations is a major barrier to food portion-size control. Therefore, standardised measurement units and unambiguous terminologies are required. This position paper summarises the evidence regarding the impact and importance of portion-size education and estimation, and outlines strategies for improving consumer understanding and application of this through the development of an international food measurement system and a range of appropriate portion control tools. In this position paper, the authors call for the standardisation of food volume measurement terminologies, units, implementation recommendations, as well as consumer education. The target audience for this paper includes nutrition and behavioural researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders who potentially influence and implement changes in national food measurement systems, which in turn impact on consumer choice.
Laughter in Middle-earth: Humour in and around the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien (2016) edited by Thomas Honegger and Maureen F. Mann (2017)

Book review of Laughter in Middle-earth (2016), edited by Thomas Honegger and Maureen F. Mann
AlPO-18 membranes for CO2/CH4 separation (2012)

The synthesis of reproducible and continuous AlPO-18 membranes is demonstrated. The separation performance of these membranes for equimolar CO(2)/CH(4) gas mixtures is presented. The AlPO-18 membranes displayed CO(2) permeances as high as ~6.6 × 10(-8) mol m(-2) s Pa with CO(2)/CH(4) separation selectivities in the ~52-60 range at 295 K and 138 kPa.
A single gene for lycopene cyclase, phytoene synthase, and regulation of carotene biosynthesis in <i>Phycomyces</i> (2001)

Previous complementation and mapping of mutations that change the usual yellow color of the Zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus to white or red led to the definition of two structural genes for carotene biosynthesis. We have cloned one of these genes, carRA, by taking advantage of its close linkage to the other, carB, responsible for phytoene dehydrogenase. The sequences of the wild type and six mutants have been established, compared with sequences in other organisms, and correlated with the mutant phenotypes. The carRA and carB coding sequences are separated by 1,381 untranslated nucleotides and are divergently transcribed. Gene carRA contains separate domains for two enzymes, lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase, and regulates the overall activity of the pathway and its response to physical and chemical stimuli from the environment. The lycopene cyclase domain of carRA derived from a duplication of a gene from a common ancestor of fungi and Brevibacterium linens; the phytoene synthase domain is similar to the phytoene and squalene synthases of many organisms; but the regulatory functions appear to be specific to Phycomyces.
Structural requirements of lyngbyatoxin A for activation and downregulation of protein kinase C (1992)

Structure-activity studies of novel synthetic analogues of lyngbyatoxin A reveal that the lactam ring but not the 7-linalyl moiety of lyngbyatoxin A is essential for the in vitro stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC). (-)-Indolactam V (ILV), which contains no hydrophobic substituent at C-7, or analogues containing either a linalyl or n-hexyl group at C-7 were equally efficacious in stimulating HeLa cell PKC in vitro and in competing with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate for binding to PKC in intact cells. The hydrophobicity of alkyl groups at C-7, however, influenced the potency of these compounds to bind to and activate PKC. In addition, these compounds exhibited differences in their ability to translocate PKC. Lyngbyatoxin A (0.1 microM) like TPA induced a rapid translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane and subsequently led to a sustained decrease in both cytosolic and membrane PKC activity. In contrast, (-)-n-hexylILV (0.1 microM) and (-)-ILV (1 microM) produced a transient and attenuated decrease in cytosolic PKC activity. At concentrations that produced half-maximal PKC stimulation, (-)-ILV did not cause any downregulation of PKC whereas lyngbyatoxin A and (-)-n-hexylILV led to 60% and 40% PKC downregulation, respectively. Western blot analyses with monoclonal antibodies to PKC isoforms indicated that reduction in PKC activity by chronic exposure to TPA or lyngbyatoxin A analogues could be explained by downregulation of PKC alpha. Constitutive expression of PKC beta and PKC gamma isoforms was low in HeLa cells and was not affected significantly by TPA or lyngbyatoxin A analogues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of a Dual-Luciferase Reporter System for In Vivo Visualization of MicroRNA Biogenesis and Posttranscriptional Regulation (2008)

We developed a dual-luciferase reporter system to monitor expression and posttranscriptional regulation of a miR-23a in cells in vitro and in vivo. This dual-luciferase reporter system is intended to be used to monitor the expression and regulation of miRNAs noninvasively, especially to understand the differentiation of grafted cells in vivo.
Photothermally driven fast responding photo-actuators fabricated with comb-type hydrogels and magnetite nanoparticles (2015)

To overcome the slow kinetics of the volume phase transition of stimuli-responsive hydrogels as platforms for soft actuators, thermally responsive comb-type hydrogels were prepared using synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) macromonomers bearing graft chains. Fast responding light-responsive hydrogels were fabricated by combining a comb-type hydrogel matrix with photothermal magnetite nanoparticles (MNP). The MNPs dispersed in the matrix provide heat to stimulate the volume change of the hydrogel matrix by converting absorbed visible light to thermal energy. In this process, the comb-type hydrogel matrix exhibited a rapid response due to the free, mobile grafted chains. The comb-type hydrogel exhibited significantly enhanced light-induced volume shrinkage and rapid recovery. The comb-type hydrogels containing MNP were successfully used to fabricate a bilayer-type photo-actuator with fast bending motion.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Alkaloid Bukittinggine from<i>Sapium baccatum</i> (1998)

The anti-inflammatory and related activities of bukittinggine were evaluated in comparison with reference drugs. The results obtained revealed that bukittinggine exhibited a significant inhibitory effect in carrageenin-induced hind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Its anti-inflammatory activity in both test models was comparable to that of acetylsalicylic acid. Bukittinggine also showed an inhibitory effect on the late proliferative phase of the inflammatory process in cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. In carrageenin-induced rat pleurisy, bukittinggine exhibited marked inhibitory activity on exudative formation, accumulation of leukocytes and on PGE2-like activity in the exudate. Furthermore bukittinggine could significantly reduce fever in yeast-induced hyperthermic rats and possessed analgesic activity comparable to that of acetylsalicylic acid when tested in acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. However, bukittinggine exhibited only a weak effect in the tail-flick test when compared with morphine. It is likely that bukittinggine possesses a mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic action similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid.
High-Temperature-Resistant Interconnections Formed by Using Nickel Micro-plating and Ni Nano-particles for Power Devices (2013)

The improvement of interconnection technology is becoming a top priority for the operation of SiC devices at high temperatures. We proposed a new interconnection method using nickel electroplating to form bonds between chip electrodes and substrate leads. We also newly proposed low-temperature nickel nanoparticle sintering to form die bonding connections. SiC devices assembled with these new connection methods operated successfully in a high-temperature environment of about 300°C. We confirmed that these methods had adequate potential as an advanced heat resistant package in comparison with conventional interconnections.
Pharmacokinetics of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, and GS-9137 Following Coadministration of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Ritonavir-Boosted GS-9137 (2007)

There is no clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between FTC/TDF and GS-9137/r on their coadministration.
Physical constraints and functional characteristics of transcription factor–DNA interaction (2002)

We study theoretical "design principles" for transcription factor (TF)-DNA interaction in bacteria, focusing particularly on the statistical interaction of the TFs with the genomic background (i.e., the genome without the target sites). We introduce and motivate the concept of programmability, i.e., the ability to set the threshold concentration for TF binding over a wide range merely by mutating the binding sequence of a target site. This functional demand, together with physical constraints arising from the thermodynamics and kinetics of TF-DNA interaction, leads us to a narrow range of "optimal" interaction parameters. We find that this parameter set agrees well with experimental data for the interaction parameters of a few exemplary prokaryotic TFs, which indicates that TF-DNA interaction is indeed programmable. We suggest further experiments to test whether this is a general feature for a large class of TFs.
Neutralizing monoclonal antibody epitopes of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose adhesin map to the cysteine-rich extracellular domain of the 170-kilodalton subunit (1993)

Entamoeba histolytica adheres to human colonic mucins and colonic epithelial cells via a galactose-binding adhesin. The adhesin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of 170- and 35-kDa subunits. Fragments of the hgl1 gene encoding the 170-kDa subunit were expressed as recombinant fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and reacted with anti-adhesin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or pooled human immune sera. The MAbs tested recognize seven distinct epitopes on the 170-kDa subunit and have distinct effects on the adherence and complement-inhibitory activities of the adhesin. All seven MAbs reacted with a fusion protein containing the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. Pooled human immune sera reacted with the same cysteine-rich domain as the MAbs and also with a construct containing the first 596 amino acids. Reactivity of three MAbs with the surface of intact trophozoites confirmed that the cysteine-rich domain was located extracellularly. The location of individual epitopes was fine mapped by constructing carboxy-terminal deletions in the cysteine-rich region of the fusion protein. The locations of adherence-enhancing and -inhibiting epitopes were partially distinguished, and the epitopes where complement-inhibitory MAbs bound were demonstrated to be near the adhesin's area of sequence identity with the human complement inhibitor CD59.
Photosensitive azide polymers (1963)

Derivatives of poly(vinyl alcohol), styrene–maleic acid copolymer, cellulose, and gelatin have been made which incorporate aromatic azide groups into the polymer molecule. The relative rates at which these polymers become crosslinked on exposure to ultraviolet light were measured. A preliminary discussion is given of the structural factors involved in the photolytic decomposition and subsequent coupling reaction.
Dynamic Predictive Routing For 2-D Torus Networks (2006)

In parallel computer networks, it is important to provide high-bandwidth and low-latency communication performance. We propose a dynamic predictive routing scheme to archive low-latency communication by utilizing regularity of communication patterns in parallel applications. Our scheme dynamically predicts an output port for a next incoming packet based on the communication history. Then, the predicted output port and an internal router switch are allocated speculatively before the actual routing computation. Hence the packet hop latency is reduced when the prediction hits. In this paper, we consider a router architecture which supports the dynamic prediction as well as effectiveness of dynamic and static predictors. Our preliminary evaluation for the dynamic prediction model shows approximately 70 to 90% hit ratios for NAS parallel benchmark programs.
Robust Ultrafast Currents in Molecular Wires through Stark Shifts (2007)

A novel way to induce ultrafast currents in molecular wires using two incident laser frequencies, omega and 2omega, is demonstrated. The mechanism relies on Stark shifts, instead of near-resonance photon absorption, to transfer population to the excited states and exploits the temporal profile of the field to generate phase-controllable transport. Calculations in a trans- polyacetylene oligomer coupled to metallic leads indicate that the mechanism is highly efficient and robust to ultrafast electronic dephasing processes induced by vibronic couplings.