gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of a spatially selective mirror for submillimeter-wave imaging (2009)

In this paper a two dimensional electromagnetic analysis and numerical simulations for a structure consisting of a resistive sheet backed by a spatially non-uniform perfectly conducting reflector is presented. The analyzed nonuniformity is a dip or bump on the reflector surface. The analysis is aimed at the design and evaluation of this structure as a spatially selective mirror for use in a single pixel sub-millimeter wave imager. Scattered and absorbed powers as well as the scattered radiation intensity are calculated in the far field for illumination by a linearly polarized, tapered Gaussian beam. Simulations for normally incident radiation and radiation at obtuse angles are presented. The scattered field in the far region is measured (simulation) by a receiving antenna and the dependence of the simulated received power on the position of the non-uniformity is observed. The dependence of the simulated received power on the size of the non-uniformity on the reflector is also presented. We conclude with the description of a single pixel sub-millimeter wave imager that uses the analyzed structure.
Über stereoisomere 2‐Acyl‐pyridin‐phenylhydradzone und die Darstellung von 8‐Aza‐indazolium‐Salzen (1952)

Abstract Das Phenylhydrazon des 2‐Benzoyl‐ pyridins kann in Nadeln vom Schmp. 77° und in sechsseitigen Blättchen vom Schmp. 143° erhalten werden. Nur die höher schmelzende Verbindung ( syn ‐Form) läßt sich durch Bleitetraacetat unter Ringschluß in 8‐Aza‐indazolium‐ Salze verwandeln, aus denen reduktiv unter Ringöffnung das Phenylhydrazon zurückgebildet wird. Entsprechende Ringschluß‐Reaktionen zu weiteren Aza‐ indazolium‐Salzen gelangen mit den Phenyl‐hydrazonen des 2‐Acetyl‐pyridins und 2‐Acetyl‐chinolins.
Influence of planar cracks in plates on reflected and transmitted fields of Gaussian acoustic beams (2003)

The scattering of a Gaussian beam by a rectangular crack is studied by means of the radiation mode model. The orthogonal set of modes for a L/S/V structure is derived, and a general mode decomposition formula is developed. The influence of a crack on the reflected and transmitted fields of a bounded beam, incident at critical angles of the L/S/L- and the L/S/V structure, is studied and physical interpretations are given. From those interpretations, the starting point of the crack is deduced along with the length and distance to the surface. Effects on focused beams are considered as well.
Analysis of Geiger-mode APD laser radars (2003)

In this paper, the performance of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GAPD) receivers for range detection laser radar sensors is reported. The distribution of the non-linear avalanche detections is developed as a function of laser radar pulse width and energy for a given target and clutter range resolved cross-section with additive background noise. This distribution is then employed to design an efficient signal simulator, which was utilized to model performance and verify theory. Finally, an expression for the pulse energy that optimizes the probability of detection for partially obscured targets is given.
HIP1 Functions in Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis through Binding to Clathrin and Adaptor Protein 2 (2001)

Polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin is the underlying mutation leading to neurodegeneration in Huntington disease. This mutation influences the interaction of huntingtin with different proteins, including huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1), in which affinity to bind to mutant huntingtin is profoundly reduced. Here we demonstrate that HIP1 colocalizes with markers of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neuronal cells and is highly enriched on clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) purified from brain homogenates. HIP1 binds to the clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP2) and the terminal domain of the clathrin heavy chain, predominantly through a small fragment encompassing amino acids 276-335. This region, which contains consensus clathrin- and AP2-binding sites, functions in conjunction with the coiled-coil domain to target HIP1 to CCVs. Expression of various HIP1 fragments leads to a potent block of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our findings demonstrate that HIP1 is a novel component of the endocytic machinery.
Notes on the Petrology of the Bufumbira Volcanic Rocks of Uganda (1930)

In view of the probability that there is likely to be some little delay in publishing the official Memoir on the Bufumbira volcanic rocks, which is in course of preparation by Mr. A. D. Combe and the writer, with, we hope, collaboration with authorities in England, permission has been given to publish a short summary of the results so far obtained in the investigation of these rocks. Mr. Combe has made a careful geological survey of the ground and has separated on his map forty-nine flows from nearly forty different centres situated at the south-west corner of the Uganda Protectorate. The remainder of this large volcanic field lies in the Belgian Congo to the west and south, and though all of those volcanoes, several of which are still active, have been visited by geologists and specimens of the rocks obtained, no very detailed field-work has been published on them, either by us or any other observers up to the present time; so far as is known to the writer.
The Interspersal Hypnotic Technique for Symptom Correction and Pain Control (1966)

(1966). The Interspersal Hypnotic Technique for Symptom Correction and Pain Control. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 198-209.
Refractive index gradients in TiO<sub>2</sub>thin films grown by atomic layer deposition (2005)

Transmission spectra of TiO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition on fused silica have been analysed by using Lorentz dispersion and a model consisting of two sublayers inside a film. It has been shown that the deposition process parameters significantly influenced the refractive index gradient in the film growth direction. The films grown at a lower flow of the carrier gas showed a 35 nm thick sublayer with low refractive index at the silica substrate and a layer with a higher refractive index at the film surface. The films deposited at higher carrier gas flow had a higher refractive index at the substrate and a lower refractive index at the film surface. The results also demonstrate that by using a parameter modelling one can obtain some information about the internal structure of a film even if there are no clearly defined interference fringes in a transmission spectrum.
Topology perserving mappings using cross entropy adaptation (2008)

In this paper, we review the technique of Cross Entropy and apply it in a novel manner to the creation of topology preserving mappings. We create an underlying latent space which is mapped into data space by mapping the latent points through a number of basis functions and then linearly combining the output of these basis functions to create centres or prototypes in data space. In this paper, we use the cross entropy method for adapting the parameters of this linear combination matrix. We further show that the method can be extended to deep architectures, architectures with multiple layers of adaptive units which can be used to try to create more interesting features than can be found with one adaptive layer.
Manipulation and spectroscopy of a single particle by use of white-light optical tweezers (2005)

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, three-dimensional (3D) trapping and manipulation of microscopic objects by use of supercontinuum white light generated from photonic crystal fibers. Furthermore, we show that the supercontinuum white-light optical tweezers used have the unique capability to perform optical scattering spectroscopy of a single 3D trapped object over a broad wavelength range. These novel tweezers can potentially open a promising avenue toward simultaneous manipulation and characterization of microscopic objects.
Defects in Silicon Carbide Whiskers (1984)

Defects in silicon carbide whiskers made from rice hulls were identified and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The whiskers were characterized by a high density of planar faults lying on close-packed planes perpendicular to the whisker axis. The faulting resulted in complex mixtures of β and α polytypes arranged in thin lamellae normal to the whisker axis. Core regions of whiskers were often filled with small cavities ranging in size from 1 to 20 nm. Partial dislocations accompanied the cavities and were analyzed through specimen tilting experiments.
Protein Kinase Cα Promotes Cell Migration through a PDZ-Dependent Interaction with its Novel Substrate Discs Large Homolog 1 (DLG1) (2011)

Protein scaffolds maintain precision in kinase signaling by coordinating kinases with components of specific signaling pathways. Such spatial segregation is particularly important in allowing specificity of signaling mediated by the 10-member family of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. Here we identified a novel interaction between PKCα and the Discs large homolog (DLG) family of scaffolds that is mediated by a class I C-terminal PDZ (PSD-95, disheveled, and ZO1) ligand unique to this PKC isozyme. Specifically, use of a proteomic array containing 96 purified PDZ domains identified the third PDZ domains of DLG1/SAP97 and DLG4/PSD95 as interaction partners for the PDZ binding motif of PKCα. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments verified that PKCα and DLG1 interact in cells by a mechanism dependent on an intact PDZ ligand. Functional assays revealed that the interaction of PKCα with DLG1 promotes wound healing; scratch assays using cells depleted of PKCα and/or DLG1 have impaired cellular migration that is no longer sensitive to PKC inhibition, and the ability of exogenous PKCα to rescue cellular migration is dependent on the presence of its PDZ ligand. Furthermore, we identified Thr-656 as a novel phosphorylation site in the SH3-Hook region of DLG1 that acts as a marker for PKCα activity at this scaffold. Increased phosphorylation of Thr-656 is correlated with increased invasiveness in non-small cell lung cancer lines from the NCI-60, consistent with this phosphorylation site serving as a marker of PKCα-mediated invasion. Taken together, these data establish the requirement of scaffolding to DLG1 for PKCα to promote cellular migration.
Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (2013)

Our results reveal a protein profile in the RLS/WED CSF that is consistent with clinical findings of disruptive sleep, cardiovascular dysfunction and painful symptoms. Moreover, protein profiles are consistent with neuropathological findings of activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathways and alterations in dopaminergic systems. These data indicate the CSF of RLS/WED patients may provide information relevant to biological basis for RLS/WED, treatment strategies and potential new treatment targets.
Preservation of Federal Government Publications in Multiple Formats Proposal (2016)

The GODORT Preservation Working Group urges the Government Documents Round Table (GODORT) to promote a national conversation about the value of preserving historic Government publications in multiple formats in order to serve a diverse public and to publicize the need for Government publications librarians to help the public access those publications. GODORT should urge ALA to ask the US Congress to appropriate funds for preservation of Federal Depository Library Program government publications. This money should be used for direct support of depository libraries who want to preserve their paper and digital government publications.
Impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles measured by multimodality <i>in vivo</i> imaging (2007)

Targeted delivery represents a promising approach for the development of safer and more effective therapeutics for oncology applications. Although macromolecules accumulate nonspecifically in tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, previous studies using nanoparticles to deliver chemotherapeutics or siRNA demonstrated that attachment of cell-specific targeting ligands to the surface of nanoparticles leads to enhanced potency relative to nontargeted formulations. Here, we use positron emission tomography (PET) and bioluminescent imaging to quantify the in vivo biodistribution and function of nanoparticles formed with cyclodextrin-containing polycations and siRNA. Conjugation of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid to the 5' end of the siRNA molecules allows labeling with (64)Cu for PET imaging. Bioluminescent imaging of mice bearing luciferase-expressing Neuro2A s.c. tumors before and after PET imaging enables correlation of functional efficacy with biodistribution data. Although both nontargeted and transferrin-targeted siRNA nanoparticles exhibit similar biodistribution and tumor localization by PET, transferrin-targeted siRNA nanoparticles reduce tumor luciferase activity by approximately 50% relative to nontargeted siRNA nanoparticles 1 d after injection. Compartmental modeling is used to show that the primary advantage of targeted nanoparticles is associated with processes involved in cellular uptake in tumor cells rather than overall tumor localization. Optimization of internalization may therefore be key for the development of effective nanoparticle-based targeted therapeutics.
Functional Gait Changes in Patients with Chronic Lower Extremity Hemiplegia Treated with a Technology to Induce Movement (TIM)-Type System (2004)

Patients with chronic lower extremity hemiplegia demonstrated improvement in measures of functional gait and ankle motor performance after treatment with an SEMG-based TIM-type system. This study should be replicated in randomized controlled, larger, and multicentered clinical studies.
Ensemble Clustering for Internet Security Applications (2012)

Due to their damage to Internet security, malware and phishing website detection has been the Internet security topics that are of great interests. Compared with malware attacks, phishing website fraud is a relatively new Internet crime. However, they share some common properties: 1) both malware samples and phishing websites are created at a rate of thousands per day driven by economic benefits; and 2) phishing websites represented by the term frequencies of the webpage content share similar characteristics with malware samples represented by the instruction frequencies of the program. Over the past few years, many clustering techniques have been employed for automatic malware and phishing website detection. In these techniques, the detection process is generally divided into two steps: 1) feature extraction, where representative features are extracted to capture the characteristics of the file samples or the websites; and 2) categorization, where intelligent techniques are used to automatically group the file samples or websites into different classes based on computational analysis of the feature representations. However, few have been applied in real industry products. In this paper, we develop an automatic categorization system to automatically group phishing websites or malware samples using a cluster ensemble by aggregating the clustering solutions that are generated by different base clustering algorithms. We propose a principled cluster ensemble framework to combine individual clustering solutions that are based on the consensus partition, which can not only be applied for malware categorization, but also for phishing website clustering. In addition, the domain knowledge in the form of sample-level/website-level constraints can be naturally incorporated into the ensemble framework. The case studies on large and real daily phishing websites and malware collection from the Kingsoft Internet Security Laboratory demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts differs depending on tissue origin and replicative senescence (2021)

The need for an autologous cell source for bone tissue engineering and medical applications has led researchers to explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which show stem cell plasticity, in various human tissues. However, MSC with different tissue origins vary in their biological properties and their capability for osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, MSC-based therapies require large-scale ex vivo expansion, accompanied by cell type-specific replicative senescence, which affects osteogenic differentiation. To elucidate cell type-specific differences in the osteogenic differentiation potential and replicative senescence, we analysed the impact of BMP and TGF-β signaling in adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC), fibroblasts (FB), and dental pulp stromal cells (DSC). We used inhibitors of BMP and TGF-β signaling, such as SB431542, dorsomorphin and/or a supplemental addition of BMP-2. The expression of high-affinity binding receptors for BMP-2 and calcium deposition with alizarin red S were evaluated to assess osteogenic differentiation potential. Our study demonstrated that TGF-β signaling inhibits osteogenic differentiation of ASC, DSC and FB in the early cell culture passages. Moreover, DSC had the best osteogenic differentiation potential and an activation of BMP signaling with BMP-2 could further enhance this capacity. This phenomenon is likely due to an increased expression of activin receptor-like kinase-3 and -6. However, in DSC with replicative senescence (in cell culture passage 10), osteogenic differentiation sharply decreased, and the simultaneous use of BMP-2 and SB431542 did not result in further improvement of this process. In comparison, ASC retain a similar osteogenic differentiation potential regardless of whether they were in the early (cell culture passage 3) or later (cell culture passage 10) stages. Our study elucidated that ASC, DSC, and FB vary functionally in their osteogenic differentiation, depending on their tissue origin and replicative senescence. Therefore, our study provides important insights for cell-based therapies to optimize prospective bone tissue engineering strategies.
t(3;11) translocation in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia fuses MLL with the GMPS (GUANOSINE 5′ MONOPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE) gene (2000)

The partner gene of MLL was identified in a patient with treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia in which the karyotype suggested t(3;11)(q25;q23). Prior therapy included the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors, teniposide and doxorubicin. Southern blot analysis indicated that the MLL gene was involved in the translocation. cDNA panhandle polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used, which does not require partner gene-specific primers, to identify the chimeric transcript. Reverse-transcription of first-strand cDNAs with oligonucleotides containing known MLL sequence at the 5′ ends and random hexamers at the 3′ ends generated templates with an intra-strand loop for PCR. In-frame fusions of either MLLexon 7 or exon 8 with the GMPS (GUANOSINE 5′-MONOPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE) gene from chromosome band 3q24 were detected. The fusion transcript was alternatively spliced. Guanosine monophosphate synthetase is essential for de novo purine synthesis. GMPS is the first partner gene ofMLL on chromosome 3q and the first gene of this type in leukemia-associated translocations.
Thermal Performance of Motor and Inverter in an Integrated Starter Generator System for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2013)

If the integrated starter generator (ISG) motor and inverter operate under continuously high loading conditions, the system’s performance and durability will decrease and the heat dissipation requirements will increase. Therefore, in this study, we developed two cooling designs for the ISG motor and inverter, and then carried out both a model analysis and an experiment on the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the system under various operating conditions. As the outdoor temperature increased from 25 °C to 95 °C, the coil temperature of the air-cooled motor increased by about 82 °C. Under the harsh-air condition of 95 °C, the coil of the air-cooled motor increased to a maximum temperature of about 158.5 °C. We also determined that the temperature of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) chip in the liquid-cooled inverter increased to a maximum temperature of about 96.8 °C under a coolant flow rate of 4 L/min and a coolant temperature of 65 °C. The observed thermal performance of the ISG motor and inverter using the proposed cooling structures was found to be sufficient for heat loads under various real driving conditions for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
Orientation-Compensative Signal Registration for Owner Authentication Using an Accelerometer (2014)

Gait-based owner authentication using accelerometers has recently been extensively studied owing to the development of wearable electronic devices. An actual gait signal is always subject to change due to many factors including variation of sensor attachment. In this research, we tackle to the practical sensor-orientation inconsistency, for which signal sequences are captured at different sensor orientations. We present an iterative signal matching algorithm based on phase-registration technique to simultaneously estimate relative sensor-orientation and register the 3D acceleration signals. The iterative framework is initialized by using 1D orientation-invariant resultant signals which are computed from 3D signals. As a result, the matching algorithm is robust to any initial sensor-orientation. This matching algorithm is used to match a probe and a gallery signals in the proposed owner authentication method. Experiments using actual gait signals under various conditions such as different days, sensors, weights being carried, and sensor orientations show that our authentication method achieves positive results.
STRUKTUR MIKRO LAS BAJA C-Mn PADA PENGELASAN BUSUR TERENDAM DENGAN VARIASI MASUKAN PANAS (Microstructure of Submerged Arc C-Mn Steel Weld Metals with Variation of Heat Inputs) (2005)

ABSTRACT\nThe present investigation aims to study the effect of heat input on the microstructure of submerged arc C-Mn steel weld metals. Specific attention was paid to the formation of acicular ferrite which improved weld mechanical properties. The welding process was carried out using four different heat inputs, namely 3.99 kJ/mm, 3.19 kJ/mm, 2.12 kJ/mm, and 1.77 kJ/mm. Microstructural examinations were performed using optical microscope in combination with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the mechanism in which acicular ferrite was performed. Results showed that weld metal with heat input of 2.12 kJ/mm produced weld metal with a large amount of acicular ferrite at the expense of grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite. It is evident that this acicular ferrite nucleates on the inclusions in the forms of Si02, TiO, and Al203.\n\nKey words : heat input, acicular ferrite, mechanical properties
Al‐Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Films with Ultralow Leakage Currents for Next Generation DRAM Capacitors (2008)

Al-doped TiO2 thin films to be used in future DRAM capacitors with excellent leakage properties as well as high dielectric constants are fabricated. The next generation stack structured DRAM cell composed of a transistor and a capacitor is shown (see Figure). A large cell capacitance is required for successful operation of DRAMs irrespective of the feature size of the cell. Therefore, as scaling down of the DRAMs proceeds, a higher-k material such as Al-doped TiO2 has to be eventually implemented in the capacitor. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200701085_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.