gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Bioactive IL-12p70 Production by In Vitro-Generated Human Dendritic Cells Without Affecting Their T Cell Stimulatory Potential (1998)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are known to affect the immune response at several stages. However, little is known about how GC influence the initiation of the specific immune response at the level of dendritic cells (DC), the highly professional APC for T cells. Therefore, we studied whether GC modulate the cytokine production and T cell stimulatory function of DC. In LPS-stimulated DC, GC strongly reduced the secretion of the Thl-skewing factor IL-12p70 and, to a lesser extent, the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Regarding the T cell stimulatory function of DC, GC did not influence the cell surface expression of HLA-DR or the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80 and did not influence the ability of DC to take up Ag. Consequently, GC pretreatment of DC indeed did not affect their ability to stimulate CD4+ Th cell proliferation in response to superantigen. However, as a result of their defective production of bioactive IL-12, GC-pretreated DC have a reduced ability to promote the production of IFN-gamma in CD4+ Th lymphocytes, as shown by the observation that IFN-gamma production could be restored by exogenous IL-12. In contrast, GC treatment of DC enhanced the secretion of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the type 2 cytokine IL-5 by the T cells. It is concluded that, in addition to their role as potent inhibitors of inflammation via the direct suppression of cytokine production in T cells, GC may further inhibit T cell-mediated inflammation indirectly via the suppression of IL-12 production by DC.
Effect of Molecular Weight on Blend Miscibility (1984)

Excimer fluorescence from a guest polymer blended with a nonfluorescent polymer host is used to study the influence of the molecular weight of the two components on the miscibility. The ratio of the excimer to monomer emission intensities, ID/IM, for poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN) is measured in blends with polystyrene (PS). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is employed to establish conditions for miscibility in 35 % P2VN/PS blends from which a criterion for miscibility in low concentration systems may be inferred. Increases in ID/IM above the values expected for miscible systems that occur with increased host molecular weight or guest concentration are analyzed using Flory-Huggins theory. An interaction parameter of 0.020 ± 0.004 is consistent with the fluorescence results over a relatively narrow concentration range.
Active antenna for contact sensing (1998)

This paper proposes a new active sensor system (active antenna) that can detect not only the contact location between an insensitive flexible beam and an environment but also the information of the environment's surface where the beam makes contact. The active antenna is simply composed of a flexible beam, actuators to move the beam, position sensors to measure the rotational angle of the beam, and a moment sensor. We first show that the contact distance under no lateral slip is proportional to the rotational compliance that the beam can sense at the rotational center. The lateral slip, which possibly occurs according to the pushing direction and the environment's geometry, overestimates the rotational compliance, and as a result, brings a large sensing error for the localizing contact point. The goal of this paper is to find the contact location under such conditions. We explore how to detect a lateral slip and how to determine the new pushing direction to avoid it. We show an algorithm that can search for the pushing direction which can avoid any lateral slip. The convergence of this algorithm is shown and a practical utilization of this algorithm is also discussed with a trade-off between the number of trials and the sensing accuracy.
Hypoxia promotes lymph node metastasis in human melanoma xenografts by up-regulating the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. (2002)

Clinical studies have shown that metastatic spread is associated with hypoxia in the primary tumor. The mechanism behind this association has not been identified and, in fact, it has not been established whether hypoxia induces metastasis or whether the most metastatic cell phenotypes develop the most hypoxic tumors. The present study demonstrates that hypoxia promotes spontaneous lymph node metastasis in R-18 human melanoma xenografts by up-regulating the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Pimonidazole was used as a hypoxia marker, and hypoxia and uPAR expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. R-18 cells were capable of up-regulating uPAR under hypoxic conditions in vitro, as revealed by Western and Northern blot analyses, and uPAR-positive regions showed a high degree of colocalization with hypoxic regions in R-18 tumors. There was a strong correlation between uPAR-positive fraction and hypoxic fraction in individual tumors (P < 0.00001). Incidence of metastases, hypoxic fraction, and uPAR-positive fraction increased with the size of the primary tumor with similar kinetics. Metastatic tumors showed approximately 1.5-fold higher hypoxic fraction (P = 0.00004) and approximately 1.4-fold higher uPAR-positive fraction (P = 0.0003) than nonmetastatic tumors of the same size. Moreover, treatment with neutralizing antibody against uPAR prevented metastasis almost completely. Only 1 of 30 treated mice developed metastases, whereas 14 of 30 control mice were metastasis positive, suggesting that functional uPAR is a prerequisite for lymph node metastasis in R-18 tumors. The study reported here suggests that metastatic spread may be promoted by hypoxia in the primary tumor and identifies the plasminogen activation system as an important target for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
SenseGAN (2018)

Recent proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with enhanced computing and sensing capabilities has revolutionized our everyday life. The massive data from these ubiquitous devices motivate the creation of intelligent IoT systems that can collectively learn. However, labelling data for learning purposes is extremely time-consuming, which greatly hinders deployment. In this paper, we describe a semi-supervised deep learning framework, called SenseGAN, that can leverage abundant unlabelled sensing data thereby minimizing the need for labelling effort. SenseGAN jointly trains three components with an adversarial game: (i) a classifier for predicting labels of input sensing data; (ii) a generator for generating sensing data samples based on the input labels; and (iii) a discriminator for differentiating the joint data/label distribution between real samples and partially generated samples from either the classifier or the generator. The classifier and the generator try to generate fake data/labels that can fool the discriminator. The adversarial game among the three components can mutually boost their performance, which helps the classifier learn to predict correct labels with unlabelled data in return. SenseGAN can effectively handle multimodal sensing inputs and easily stabilize the adversarial training process, which helps improve the performance of the classifier. Experiments on three IoT applications demonstrate the substantial improvements in accuracy and F1 score under SenseGAN, compared with supervised counterparts trained only on the labelled portion of the data, as well as other supervised and semi-supervised baselines. For these three applications, SenseGAN requires only 10% of the originally labelled data, to attain nearly the same accuracy as a deep learning classifier trained on the fully labelled dataset.
Enhancing the Safety of Intraoperative RBC Salvage (1989)

Devices for intraoperative blood salvage remove plasma and, in theory, all of the cellular elements of blood except for rbcs. We have previously shown that complete white cell and platelet removal does not always occur and that the retained platelet-leukocyte deposit is potentially harmful (2). In this study we investigated the hydraulic conditions in the centrifuge bowl that allow activated platelets and leukocytes to adhere, the histology of the resulting cellular deposit, and the effects of reinfusing a saline extract of the deposit. Earlier work had suggested that the addition of calcium, of partially clotted blood, and of excessive saline should be avoided during intraoperative rbc salvage (2). The present observations explain, in part, why such measures would be expected to be beneficial.
Purification and Properties of NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent Sorbitol Dehydrogenase from<i>Bacillus fructosus</i> (1999)

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14), which catalyzes the NAD(+)-linked interconversion of D-sorbitol and D-fructose, was purified and crystallized from cell-free extracts of Bacillus fructosus grown on D-sorbitol as a sole carbon source. The crystalline enzyme was homogeneous on disc electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight was 102,000 by the sedimentation equilibrium method. The enzyme acted specifically on D-sorbitol, and showed an optimum pH at 9.0. The K m values for D-sorbitol and NAD(+) were 1.1×10(-2) M and 2.2×10(-4) M, respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, Ag(+), Hg(2+), and Cu(2+).
Stem cell integrins: Implications for ex-vivo culture and cellular therapies (2010)

Use of stem cells, whether adult or embryonic for clinical applications to treat diseases such as Parkinson's, macular degeneration or Type I diabetes will require a homogenous population of mature, terminally differentiated cells. A current area of intense interest is the development of defined surfaces for stem cell derivation, maintenance, proliferation and subsequent differentiation, which are capable of replicating the complex cellular environment existing in vivo. During development many cellular cues result from integrin signalling induced by the local extracellular matrix. There are 24 known integrin heterodimers comprised of one of 18 α subunits and one of 8 β subunits and these have a diverse range of functions mediating cell-cell adhesion, growth factor receptor responses and intracellular signalling cascades for cell migration, differentiation, survival and proliferation. We discuss here a brief summary of defined conditions for human embryonic stem cell culture together with a description of integrin function and signalling pathways. The importance of integrin expression during development is highlighted as critical for lineage specific cell function and how consideration of the integrin expression profile should be made while differentiating stem cells for use in therapy. In addition this review summarises the known integrin expression profiles for human embryonic stem cells and 3 common adult stem cell types: mesenchymal, haematopoietic and neural. We then outline some of the possible technologies available for investigating cell-extracellular matrix interactions and subsequent integrin mediated cell responses.
Lithium Nephrotoxicity (2000)

This study examines the clinical features, pathologic findings, and outcome of 24 patients with biopsy-proven lithium toxicity. The patient population was 50% male, 87.5% Caucasian, and had a mean age of 42.5 yr (range, 26 to 57). Mean duration of lithium therapy for bipolar disorder was 13.6 yr (range, 2 to 25). All patients were biopsied for renal insufficiency (mean serum creatinine 2.8 mg/dl; range, 1.3 to 8.0), with associated proteinuria >1.0 g/d in 41.7%. Nephrotic proteinuria (>3.0 g/d) was present in 25%. Other features included nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in 87% and hypertension in 33.3%. Renal biopsy revealed a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy in 100%, with associated cortical and medullary tubular cysts (62.5%) or dilatation (33.3%). All of the renal cysts stained for epithelial membrane antigen, while 51.4% stained with lectin Arachis hypogaea, and only 3.8% stained with Tetragonolobus purpureas, indicating they originated from distal and collecting tubules. The degree of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis was graded as severe in 58.3%, moderate in 37.5%, and mild in 4.2% of cases. There was a surprisingly high prevalence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (50%) and global glomerulosclerosis (100%), sometimes of equivalent severity to the chronic tubulointerstitial disease. The significant degree of foot process effacement (mean 34%, five of 14 cases with >50%) suggests a potential direct glomerular toxicity. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis correlated with proteinuria >1.0 g/d (P = 0.0014, Fisher exact test). Despite discontinuation of lithium, seven of nine patients with initial serum creatinine values >2.5 mg/dl progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Only three patients, all with initial serum creatinine <2.1 mg/dl, had subsequent improvement in renal function. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the only significant predictor of progression to ESRD was serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl at biopsy (P = 0. 008). In conclusion, lithium nephrotoxicity primarily targets distal and collecting tubules, with a higher incidence of proteinuria and associated glomerular pathology than recognized previously. Renal dysfunction is often irreversible despite lithium withdrawal, and early detection is essential to prevent progression to ESRD.
Expression of IGF ligand and receptor genes during preimplantation mammalian development (1993)

The temporal patterns of expression of genes encoding insulin-like growth factor (IGF) ligands and receptors during very early development have been investigated in several laboratories in several different mammalian species. Both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical techniques have been used to identify the time of appearance of gene transcripts or end-products. In preimplantation mouse embryos, IGF-II ligand and receptor gene activity is detectable as early as at the two-cell stage, the time when transcription from the embryonic genome is activated, but receptors for insulin and IGF-I are not detectable until the compacted eight-cell stage. Transcripts for insulin or IGF-I are not detectable in preimplantation mouse embryos, although the ligands are present in the reproductive tract. The pattern of IGF gene expression is not, however, identical in all mammalian species. In cow embryos, for example, transcripts for IGF-I and IGF-II ligands and receptors and insulin receptors have been detected at all stages of preimplantation development from mature oocyte to blastocyst (Watson et al., 1992). Attempts to quantitate transcript abundance in these early embryos are in progress in our laboratory. In the preimplantation mouse embryo, transcripts for several different IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -6) have been detected by RT-PCR procedures. In addition, transcripts for IGFBPs have been identified in RNA derived from cumulus cells, the ovary, the oviduct, the uterus, and the decidua. These findings suggest that the interactions of IGF ligands and receptors in preimplantation development might, indeed, be modulated by IGFPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital signal processing for an open-loop fiber-optic gyroscope (1995)

Open-loop fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG's) are generally less stable than closed-loop FOG's, yet they offer simpler implementation. We propose a modification of the harmonic division algorithm for an open-loop FOG, which is more stable and also simpler for implementation than the original one. It is shown that when the analog signal is properly sampled and quantized, the performance of our algorithm reaches that of closed-loop FOG's. Our algorithm may be implemented by the use of off-the-shelf component, and does not require an integrated optics circuit.
A Mixed Reality Virtual Clothes Try-On System (2013)

Virtual try-on of clothes has received much attention recently due to its commercial potential. It can be used for online shopping or intelligent recommendation to narrow down the selections to a few designs and sizes. In this paper, we present a mixed reality system for 3D virtual clothes try-on that enables a user to see herself wearing virtual clothes while looking at a mirror display, without taking off her actual clothes. The user can select various virtual clothes for trying-on. The system physically simulates the selected virtual clothes on the user's body in real-time and the user can see virtual clothes fitting on the her mirror image from various angles as she moves. The major contribution of this paper is that we automatically customize an invisible (or partially visible) avatar based on the user's body size and the skin color and use it for proper clothes fitting, alignment and clothes simulation in our virtual try-on system. We present three scenarios: i) virtual clothes on the avatar, ii) virtual clothes on the user's image and iii) virtual clothes on the avatar blended with the user's face image. We have conducted a user study to evaluate the effectiveness of these three solutions from the end user's perception of quality attributes, cognitive attributes and attitude towards using. The user study shows that among these three scenarios, the second one is most preferred by the users and for 50% of them the experience they had with our system was sufficient to make the purchase decision for the outfits they virtually tried-on.
Heparin Coating on Ureteral Double J Stents Prevents Encrustations: An <i>in Vivo</i> Case Study (2008)

Heparin coating reduces stent encrustation. Moreover, as no changes were seen in the heparin layer, we concluded that covalent heparin bonding enhances its adhesion to the polyurethane surface and ensures its stability for long periods. The heparin-coated stent appears to be a useful tool for long-term urinary drainage.
Expression and Mutational Analysis of c-kit in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors (2006)

Coexpression of Kit ligand and c-kit has been reported in some gynecologic tumors. To determine whether imatinib mesylate is useful in ovarian epithelial tumors, we performed immunohistochemical and mutational analysis. The cases consisted of 33 cases, which included 13 serous cystadenocarcinomas, 1 borderline serous tumor, 8 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 6 borderline mucinous tumors and 5 clear cell carcinomas. Five cases of serous cystadenoma and 5 cases of mucinous cystadenoma were also included. In the immunohistochemical study, 3 cases (3/6, 50%) of borderline mucinous cystic tumor and two cases (2/8, 25%) of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma show positive staining for KIT protein. Only one case (1/13, 7.7%) of serous cystadenocarcinoma had positive staining. On mutational analysis, no mutation was identified at exon 11. However, two cases of borderline mucinous tumors and one case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma had mutations at exon 17. In these cases, the immunohistochemistry also shows focal positive staining at epithelial component. Although, KIT protein expression showed higher incidence in mucinous tumors than serous tumors, they lack KIT-activating mutations in exon 11. Thus, ovarian surface epithelial tumors are unlikely to respond to imatinib mesylate.
Location based services with personal area network for community and tourism applications (2011)

The Infopoint Explorer is an outdoor wireless personal area network for location-based services that allows users to access locality information interactively using mobile computing devices such as PDAs and smartphones. The Infopoint explorer was used to study the limitations imposed by inexpensive and popular wireless technologies such as Bluetooth for outdoor location-based services. The Infopoint Explorer functioned as a multimedia guidebook that allowed access to location-specific information using wireless Infopoints. The Infopoints detect and attempt to transfer multimedia content to nearby mobile computing devices using Bluetooth connectivity. An adaptive Bluetooth Inquiry Access Code algorithm was developed to reduce the time taken for the Infopoint to detect nearby devices. The Infopoint was deployed for a four-month trial.
Perturbing the properties of layered double hydroxides by continuous coprecipitation with short residence time (2010)

A previous work (S. Abelló and J. Pérez-Ramírez, Adv. Mater., 2006, 18, 2436) revealed an unanticipated variation in the textural properties of Mg–Al hydrotalcite, prepared by continuous coprecipitation with short residence time, τ = 1 s which, at that time, was not fully understood. Herein, we report the generalisation of such variation in physical properties to layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of different composition (Ni–Al, Mg–Al, and Mg–Fe hydrotalcite-like compounds). In particular stable colloidal suspensions and, on drying, impervious LDH particles have been prepared using the in-line dispersion precipitation (ILDP) method with τ = 1 s. This is thought to be a consequence of variation in the mechanism of inter-crystallite interactions with decreasing crystallite size. The resulting materials are characterised using multiple techniques and are compared to analogous materials attained at longer residence times (τ = 12 s). We show that despite the apparent compositional similarity and structural isomorphicity of the precipitates, their textural and morphological properties and their thermal stability differ strongly. Thermal activation of the LDHs, however, resulted in the development of comparable textural properties in the corresponding oxides, independent of the residence time.
Survey of Scan Chain Diagnosis (2008)

Scan-based testing has proven to be a cost-effective method for achieving good test coverage in digital circuits. The Achilles heel in the application of scan-based testing is the integrity of the scan chains. The amount of die area consumed by scan elements, chain connections, and control circuitry varies with different designs. Typically, each scan cell in a scan chain has an index number. The cells in the chain are sequentially numbered from scan output to scan input, starting with 0. A chain pattern (sometimes called a flush pattern) is a pattern consisting of shift-in and shift-out operations without pulsing capture clocks. The purpose of chain patterns is to test scan chain integrity. A scan pattern (also known as a logic test pattern) is a pattern consisting of a shift-in operation, one or multiple capture clock cycles, and a shift-out operation. The purpose of scan patterns is to test system logic. The scan cells between the scan chain input and a scan cell's scan input terminal are called the upstream cells of that scan cell. The scan cells between the scan chain output and a scan cell's scan output terminal are called the downstream cells of that scan cell.