gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of continuous and pulsed labeling amide hydrogen exchange/mass spectrometry for studies of protein dynamics (1999)

In contrast to the rigid structures portrayed by X-ray diffraction, proteins in solution display constant motion which leads to populations that are momentarily unfolded. To begin to understand protein dynamics, we must have experimental methods for determining rates of folding and unfolding, as well as for identifying structures of folding and unfolding intermediates. Amide hydrogen exchange has become an important tool for such measurements. When urea is used to stabilize unfolded forms of proteins, the refolding rates may become slower than the rates of isotope exchange. In such cases, the intermolecular distribution of deuterium among the entire population of molecules may become bimodal, giving rise to a bimodal distribution of isotope peaks in mass spectra of the protein or its peptic fragments. When the protein is exposed continuously to D2O, the relative intensities of the two envelopes of isotope peaks give an integrated account of populations participating in the folding/unfolding process. However, when the protein is exposed only briefly to D2O, the relative intensities of the two envelopes of isotope peaks give an instantaneous measure of the folded/unfolded populations. Application of these two labeling methods to a large protein, aldolase, is described along with a discussion of specific parameters required to optimize these experiments.
Experimental and analytical studies of hydrocarbon yields under dry-, steam-, and steam-with-propane distillation (2007)

Simulation study has shown oil production is accelerated when propane is used as\nan additive during steam injection. To better understand this phenomenon, distillation\nexperiments were performed using San Ardo crude oil (12oAPI). For comparison\npurposes, three distillation processes were investigated: dry-, steam-, and steam-propanedistillation,\nthe latter at the propane-to-steam mass ratio of 0.05 at steam injection rate 0.5\ng/min.\nTwo sets of the distillation experiments were carried out. In the first set of\nexperiments, the distillation temperatures ranged from 115Ã‚ÂºC to 300Ã‚ÂºC. Distillation\npressures ranged from 0 psig to 998 psig for steam- and steam-propane distillation. The\ntemperature-pressure combination used represented 15Ã‚ÂºC superheated steam conditions.\nIn the second set of experiments, the distillation temperatures ranged from 220oC to\n300oC at 260 psig. The temperature pressure combination used represented field\nconditions for crude oil. For both conditions, the cell was kept at each temperature\nplateau (cut) until no increase occurs in distillation yields. Distillation yields were\ncollected at each cut, and the volume and weight of water and hydrocarbon measured.\nBased on these experiments, a thermodynamic modeling framework was developed that\ndescribes distillation effect and oil production for steam distillation experiments. The\nmodel is based on composition of crude oil, molecular weight of heavy fraction. The\nanalytical model results are compared against the experimental data for synthetic crude\nand crude oil to verify the validity of the model.\nMain results of the study may be summarized as follows. The yields for steam\ndistillation for saturated conditions of Tsat+15\no\nC and Psat is 10 % and with addition of 5% of propane to steam no significant increase occurs in distillation yields. The yields for steam\ndistillation for field conditions of 260 psig and temperature range (220 ~300oC) is 18 %\nand with addition of 5% of propane to steam no significant increase in distillation yields.\nThe results indicate that propane has minimal distillation effect on the heavy oil. This\noccurs possibly because of lesser amount of light fractions in the heavy oil that enhance\nthe separation of components in the oil caused by the concentration gradient.
Economic and environmental viability of central solar heating plants with seasonal storage in the european residential sector: a systematic multi-objective optimization approach (2018)

Alineant-se amb l'ambiciós paquet de mesures de la UE per 2030 que pretén reduir les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle i reemplaçar les fonts de calor convencionals amb fonts renovables dins de nuclis urbans, les plantes centralitzades de calefacció solar amb emmagatzemament estacional (CSHPSS) es troben entre les tecnologies més prometedores per estalviar energia en els sectors industrial i residencial-comercial.\nAquest treball presenta una avaluació exhaustiva de la possibilitat d'integrar CSHPSS al sector residencial de diversos estats membres de la UE a través d'un enfocament sistemàtic d'optimització d'aquests sistemes tenint en compte els criteris econòmics i ambientals. Aquest enfocament incorpora simultàniament les anàlisis de cicle de vida econòmic i mediambiental al mateix temps que procura satisfer tècnicament tant la demanda de calefacció com els serveis domèstics d'aigua calenta. La metodologia s'aplica a una comunitat residencial de 1120 habitatges en diverses zones de la UE, amb Barcelona, Madrid, Atenes, Berlín i Hèlsinki com a exemples de diferents tipus climàtics europeus.\nL'avaluació ambiental mostra una millora significativa comparant la CSHPSS amb un sistema de calefacció de gas natural, arribant en alguns casos fins a un 87% de reduccions. D'altra banda, una àmplia millora econòmica és especialment limitada a la zona climàtica mediterrània (Atenes) a causa de les baixes demandes de calefacció i els preus dels recursos no renovables, el cost econòmic total de la CSHPSS pot superar fins a un 50.8% un sistema de calefacció de gas natural. No obstant això, tenint en compte l'actual tendència creixent en els preus del gas natural a tota la UE, l'estudi dels costos futurs de la planta confirma la seva viabilitat econòmica a llarg termini.\nEn general, la nostra eina pot guiar els enginyers i arquitectes en la transició cap a un sector residencial més sostenible.
Stimulation of pyloric motility by intraduodenal dextrose in normal subjects. (1988)

Recent studies suggest that the pylorus may play an important role in the regulation of the gastric emptying of nutrient liquids in man. Dextrose solutions in the range 5-25 g/dl have been reported to empty from the human stomach at a constant caloric rate of 2.1 kcal/min. This study examined, in 12 healthy volunteers, the effects of intraduodenal dextrose on pyloric motility. Dextrose solutions, 5, 10, 15, and 25 gde/dl and saline solutions, 0.9 and 2.7 g/dl were infused into the duodenum at 4 ml/min for 10 minutes. Antral, pyloric, and duodenal motility were monitored with sideholes and a sleeve sensor positioned across the pylorus. Significant increases in the rate of isolated pyloric pressure waves and in basal pyloric pressure were seen with 15 and 25 g/dl dextrose (p less than 0.02) and 2.7 g/dl saline (p less than 0.05). The intensity and duration of the phasic and tonic pyloric motor responses to intraduodenal dextrose were dose dependent and correlated directly with the rate of calorie delivery (p less than 0.005 for each parameter). Intraduodenal delivery of dextrose at a rate in excess of 2.1 kcal/min stimulates both phasic and tonic pyloric contraction. These changes in pyloric motility may contribute to the close regulation of the emptying of dextrose from the stomach.
GroEL and Lipopolysaccharide from<i>Francisella tularensis</i>Live Vaccine Strain Synergistically Activate Human Macrophages (2010)

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, interacts with host cells of innate immunity in an atypical manner. For most Gram-negative bacteria, the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from their outer membranes stimulates an inflammatory response. When LPS from the attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS) or the highly virulent Schu S4 strain of F. tularensis was incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, neither species of LPS induced expression of the adhesion molecule E-selectin or secretion of the chemokine CCL2. Moreover, a high concentration (10 microg/ml) of LVS or Schu S4 LPS was required to stimulate production of CCL2 by human monocyte-derived macrophages (huMDM). A screen for alternative proinflammatory factors of F. tularensis LVS identified the heat shock protein GroEL as a potential candidate. Recombinant LVS GroEL at a concentration of 10 microg/ml elicited secretion of CXCL8 and CCL2 by huMDM through a TLR4-dependent mechanism. When 1 microg of LVS GroEL/ml was added to an equivalent amount of LVS LPS, the two components synergistically activated the huMDM to produce CXCL8. Schu S4 GroEL was less stimulatory than LVS GroEL and showed a lesser degree of synergy when combined with Schu S4 LPS. These findings suggest that the intrinsically low proinflammatory activity of F. tularensis LPS may be increased in the infected human host through interactions with other components of the bacterium.
OpenMI: Open modelling interface (2007)

Management issues in many sectors of society demand integrated analysis that can be supported by integrated modelling. Since all-inclusive modelling software is difficult to achieve, and possibly even undesirable, integrated modelling requires the linkage of individual models or model components that address specific domains. Emerging from the water sector, the OpenMI has been developed with the purpose of being the glue that can link together model components from various origins. The OpenMI provides a standardized interface to define, describe and transfer data on a time basis between software components that run simultaneously, thus supporting systems where feedback between the modelled processes is necessary in order to achieve physically sound results. The OpenMI allows the linking of models with different spatial and temporal representations: for example, linking river models and groundwater models, where the river model typically uses a one-dimensional grid and a short timestep and the groundwater model uses a two- or three-dimensional grid and a longer timestep. The OpenMI is designed to accommodate the easy migration of existing modelling systems, since their re-implementation may not be economically feasible due to the large investments that have been put into the development and testing of these systems.
Carbocisteine inhibits rhinovirus infection in human tracheal epithelial cells (2006)

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a mucolytic drug, carbocisteine, on rhinovirus (RV) infection in the airways. Human tracheal epithelial cells were infected with a major-group RV, RV14. RV14 infection increased virus titres and the cytokine content of supernatants. Carbocisteine reduced supernatant virus titres, the amount of RV14 RNA in cells, cell susceptibility to RV infection and supernatant cytokine concentrations, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, after RV14 infection. Carbocisteine reduced the expression of mRNA encoding intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, the receptor for the major group of RVs. It also reduced the supernatant concentration of a soluble form of ICAM-1, the number and fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes in the cells before RV infection, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation by RV14. Carbocisteine also reduced the supernatant virus titres of the minor group RV, RV2, although carbocisteine did not reduce the expression of mRNA encoding a low density lipoprotein receptor, the receptor for RV2. These results suggest that carbocisteine inhibits rhinovirus 2 infection by blocking rhinovirus RNA entry into the endosomes, and inhibits rhinovirus 14 infection by the same mechanism as well as by reducing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels. Carbocisteine may modulate airway inflammation by reducing the production of cytokines in rhinovirus infection.
Latex Particle Agglutination in the Immunochemical System Human Serum Albumin–Anti‐Human Serum Albumin Rabbit Serum (1971)

The stability of monodisperse polystyrene latex particles in the immunochemical system human serum albumin–rabbit anti‐human albumin serum was studied by using a photometric method for the detection of latex particle agglutination. The latex particles were coated with human serum albumin and mixed with dilutions of both a hyperimmune and a normal rabbit serum. The experiments were carried out with latex particles of different size at varying pH, ionic strength and temperature. From the agglutination curves it was possible to derive conclusions on the specific and nonspecific immunochemical interactions with latex particles as well as on the effects of electrolyte coagulation. Maximum sensitivity of the latex reagent was found at pH values between 8 and 9. At pH 6 the latex reagent becomes unstable, at pH 4 the immunochemical interactions disappear, and at pH > 11 the immunochemical reaction becomes indistinct. Thermal inactivation could eliminate some of the nonspecific interactions, but the most efficient method was in experimenting at high ionic strengths ( I = 0.5).
Amplification of the graft-versus-host reaction by cyclophosphamide: dependence on timing of drug administration. (1994)

An experimental model, previously developed to study the combined effect of partial body irradiation and the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, has been adapted to assay the amplification of the GVH reaction by cyclophosphamide (CY). The system has proved sensitive enough to detect differences in the level of the GVH reaction produced by relatively small changes in pre-transplant conditioning. F1 hybrid mice treated with either CY 60 mg/kg or allogeneic (parental) lymphoid cells (ALC, 20 x 10(6)) had 100% survival. In contrast, ALC given 24 h after CY injection resulted in 84% GVHD-related mortality with a mean survival time of 18 days. Amplification of the GVH reaction by CY was also seen in terms of splenomegaly and immunosuppression. Separation of CY and ALC injection by an interval longer that 24 h reduced the severity of GVH reaction but some amplification was still observed. Based on several GVHD-related criteria, experimental groups with a 2 or 4 day interval between CY and ALC injection had approximately the same response, an effect was still detectable for an interval of 7 days between injections but was no longer apparent when the interval was extended to 12 days.
Diegetic Representations for Seamless Cross-Reality Interruptions (2021)

The closed design of virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays substantially limits users’ awareness of their real-world surroundings. This presents challenges when another person in the same physical space needs to interrupt the VR user for a brief conversation. Such interruptions, e.g., tapping a VR user on the shoulder, can cause a disruptive break in presence (BIP), which affects their place and plausibility illusions, and may cause a drop in performance of their virtual activity. Recent findings related to the concept of diegesis, which denotes the internal consistency of an experience/story, suggest potential benefits of integrating registered virtual representations for physical interactors, especially when these appear internally consistent in VR. In this paper, we present a human-subject study we conducted to compare and evaluate five different diegetic and non-diegetic methods to facilitate cross-reality interruptions in a virtual office environment, where a user’s task was briefly interrupted by a physical person. We created a Cross-Reality Interaction Questionnaire (CRIQ) to capture the quality of the interaction from the VR user’s perspective. Our results show that the diegetic representations afforded reasonably high senses of co-presence, the highest quality interactions, the highest place illusions, and caused the least disruption of the participants’ virtual experiences. We discuss our findings as well as implications for practical applications that aim to leverage virtual representations to ease cross-reality interruptions.
Improvement of presenting interface by predicting the evaluation order to reduce the burden of human interactive EC operators (2002)

This paper proposes to display individuals of interactive evolutionary computations in an evaluation order to reduce the burden on human operators. To display an evaluation order, two prediction methods-the first using neural networks, and the second using Euclidean distance measure-are proposed. We evaluate their predictive performance through simulation experiments and subjective tests.
Onset of Action of Azelastine Nasal Spray Compared with Mometasone Nasal Spray and Placebo in Subjects with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Evaluated in an Environmental Exposure Chamber (2007)

Azelastine nasal spray has a rapid (15 minute) onset of action. Azelastine nasal spray was superior to both placebo and imometasone nasal spray in reducing nasal symptoms of SAR occurring within 8 hours after an allergen challenge.
Phytin in human nutrition (1935)

Research Article| December 01 1935 Phytin in human nutrition Robert Alexander McCance; Robert Alexander McCance 1The Biochemical Department, King's College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Elsie May Widdowson Elsie May Widdowson 1The Biochemical Department, King's College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1935) 29 (12): 2694–2699. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0292694 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Robert Alexander McCance, Elsie May Widdowson; Phytin in human nutrition. Biochem J 1 December 1935; 29 (12): 2694–2699. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0292694 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1935 LONDON, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1935 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Gadolinium-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: the need for nephrologists' awareness. (2008)

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) / nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) is a recently described disease, occurring only in patients with variable degrees of renal failure (RF) previously exposed to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging. Public advisories are consistent on some key points including that no cases of NSF/NFD have been reported in patients with normal renal function, and GBCAs may be toxic in patients with RF due to the prolongation of the half-time allowing dissociation and extravasation of highly toxic gadolinium-free ions, potentially linked to the scleroderma-like NSF/NFD, a systemic disabling disease with a mortality rate of up to 30%. The most intriguing feature remains which cofactor might be at play to explain why the disease occurs only in a minority of exposed patients. Therefore, renal dysfunction (substrate) and gadolinium chelates (trigger agent) are necessary but not sufficient. The challenge for nephrologists includes (a) evidence of transmetallation, such as gadolinium deposits in bone, increased urinary zinc excretion, iron-transferrin dissociation or "spurious hypocalcemia" in exposed people; (b) research for uremic cofactors such as increased serum calcium/phosphate, acidosis, use of phosphate-chelating agents able to act as efficient competitor ligands or other drugs; and (c) identification of at-risk patients (with moderate to severe renal dysfunction) and definition of the role of dialysis in removing gadolinium chelates, if any. Nephrologists are called to action to collect and organize information to identify cofactors for NSF/NFD, and therefore they must be aware of this new pathology, as the eye sees only what the mind knows.
Heat-Treatment of Anodic Oxide Films on Tantalum (1963)

The temperature dependence of capacitance for heat‐treated, anodized tantalum has been used as a means of scanning the conductivity profile across the film. This conductivity results from the extraction of oxygen from the oxide by the metal during heat‐treatment. The results show that subsequent reanodization at the formation voltage is a slow process which proceeds in a stepwise manner from the electrolyte side of the oxide film toward the underlying tantalum. The application of a small anodic d‐c bias gives a temporary conductivity profile which is similar to the permanent profile obtained by partial reanodization. Further evidence is given that the oxide conductivity is highest at the interface.
Membrane separation processes for acid gases (1983)

This work provides a review of the emerging technology of using membranes to separate acid gases such as CO2, H2S, and SO2 from gas streams. The use of membranes for gas separations is an active area in both fundamental studies and commercial development. Numerous applications exist for the separation of the acid gases CO2, H2S, and/or SO2 from various natural gas or refinery gases. The choice of technology and the economics become complex because analysis of each application must address the following factors: acid gases to be removed, inlet compositions and pressure, acceptable outlet concentrations, temperature of inlet gas, and scale and location of application. In addition to these process parameters, the relevant membrane properties are the permeability, selectivity, and expected lifetime under operating conditions. 33 references.
Large-scale Generative Query Autocompletion (2017)

Query Autocompletion (QAC) systems are interactive tools that assist a searcher in entering a query given a partial query prefix. Existing QAC research -- with a number of notable exceptions --relies upon large existing query logs from which to extract historical queries. These queries are then ordered by some ranking algorithm as candidate completions, given the query prefix. Given the numerous search environments (e.g. enterprises, personal or secured data repositories) in which large query logs are unavailable, the need for synthetic -- or generative -- QAC systems will become increasingly important. Generative QAC systems may be used to augment traditional query-based approaches, and/or entirely replace them in certain privacy sensitive applications. Even in commercial Web search engines, a significant proportion (up to 15%) of queries issued daily have never been seen previously, meaning there will always be opportunity to assist users in formulating queries which have not occurred historically. In this paper, we describe a system that can construct generative QAC suggestions within a user-acceptable timeframe (~58ms), and report on a series of experiments over three publicly available, large-scale question sets that investigate different aspects of the system's performance.
Management of Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths in the Emergency Department: (2022)

Health care institutions serving children and their families should develop and implement trauma informed, family-centered protocols to ensure sensitivity during medicolegal death investigations.