gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, and drug interaction potential of antidepressants: Focus on venlafaxine (2000)

Improving outcomes for patients with depression involves selecting the best possible drug therapy. Considerations relevant to drug product selection include: 1) pharmacokinetic issues such as half-life and time to steady-state, and protein binding; 2) pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions; and 3) drug metabolism-related drug interactions. A comparison of selected antidepressants with an emphasis on venlafaxine's similarities and differences is presented. Based on these parameters, selecting an antidepressant medication, such as venlafaxine, that has a low potential for drug interactions at the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system, and is easy to monitor and dose, facilitate successful treatment of patients. Venlafaxine has been evaluated in clinical studies that demonstrate low to negligible drug interaction potential at CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Its short half-life and time to steady-state, when coupled with the extended release characteristics of the preferred dosage formulation allow for once daily dosing and rapid attainment of therapeutic effects. The CYP3A4 system is involved in both first-pass metabolism and systemic clearance of medications. Drug interactions at this isoenzyme have proven to be of high clinical relevance ranging from cardiovascular toxicity and death with commonly used drugs such as cisapride, to subtherapeutic levels of cyclosporine or protease inhibitors leading to transplant rejection or HIV relapse. Reasons for the under detection and reporting of drug interaction mediated adverse events include healthcare system structure, the poor return to follow up of non-adherent patients, the need for greater education and training of clinicians to recognize drug-related adverse events, and the reluctance of patients to spontaneously communicate about the unpleasant effects of their medication.
Rapid determination of olefin position in organic compounds in microgram range by ozonolysis and gas chromatography. Alkylidene analysis (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid determination of olefin position in organic compounds in microgram range by ozonolysis and gas chromatography. Alkylidene analysisMorton. Beroza and Barbara A. BierlCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 10, 1131–1135Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60254a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60254a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations275LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Synthesis of Hybrid Polymers Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization:  Homopolymers and Block Copolymers from Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Monomers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTThe Synthesis of Hybrid Polymers Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Homopolymers and Block Copolymers from Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane MonomersJeffrey Pyun and Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiView Author Information Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 1, 217–220Publication Date (Web):December 10, 1999Publication History Received6 July 1999Revised24 October 1999Published online10 December 1999Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9910787https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9910787brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1987Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Monomers,Organic compounds,Polymers,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
THz Frequency Up-Conversion using Superconducting Tunnel Junction (2016)

In this letter we present the characterization of the first frequency up-converter using distributed superconducting tunnel junctions. The power of the frequency up-converted signal was large enough to pump an SIS mixer. The efficiency of the distributed superconducting tunnel junction is 11-22 % for a fractional bandwidth of 7% with excellent spectral line purity. The -3 dB line width of the up-converter signal is better than 1 Hz, which was the lowest resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer.
Pathway Thermodynamics Highlights Kinetic Obstacles in Central Metabolism (2014)

In metabolism research, thermodynamics is usually used to determine the directionality of a reaction or the feasibility of a pathway. However, the relationship between thermodynamic potentials and fluxes is not limited to questions of directionality: thermodynamics also affects the kinetics of reactions through the flux-force relationship, which states that the logarithm of the ratio between the forward and reverse fluxes is directly proportional to the change in Gibbs energy due to a reaction (D r G9). Accordingly, if an enzyme catalyzes a reaction with a D r G9 of -5.7 kJ/mol then the forward flux will be roughly ten times the reverse flux. As D r G9 approaches equilibrium (D r G9 = 0 kJ/mol), exponentially more enzyme counterproductively catalyzes the reverse reaction, reducing the net rate at which the reaction proceeds. Thus, the enzyme level required to achieve a given flux increases dramatically near equilibrium. Here, we develop a framework for quantifying the degree to which pathways suffer these thermodynamic limitations on flux. For each pathway, we calculate a single thermodynamically-derived metric (the Max-min Driving Force, MDF), which enables objective ranking of pathways by the degree to which their flux is constrained by low thermodynamic driving force. Our framework accounts for the effect of pH, ionic strength and metabolite concentration ranges and allows us to quantify how alterations to the pathway structure affect the pathway's thermodynamics. Applying this methodology to pathways of central metabolism sheds light on some of their features, including metabolic bypasses (e.g., fermentation pathways bypassing substrate-level phosphorylation), substrate channeling (e.g., of oxaloacetate from malate dehydrogenase to citrate synthase), and use of alternative cofactors (e.g., quinone as an electron acceptor instead of NAD). The methods presented here place another arrow in metabolic engineers' quiver, providing a simple means of evaluating the thermodynamic and kinetic quality of different pathway chemistries that produce the same molecules.
Transmission and encoding research on life status data in WSN combined with OVTDM and CS (2015)

In view of the life status mass data collected, Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) has a problem of limited sampling rate and low encoding efficiency, etc. Under the Nyquist sampling criterion, traditional data encoding way has reached Shannon limit performance, and spectrum efficiency has little room for improvement. So it becomes very urgent to compress the data and reduce communication expenditure. The authors plan to use the technology of Overlapped Time Division Multiplexing(OVTDM) and Compressive Sensing(CS) jointly to carry out further research on life status Data of WSN, which overthrows traditional Nyquist criterion respectively. Under the precondition of source encoding and channel encoding, the research idea is to use CS to reduce the amount of data procession sharply, and to combine OVTDM to improve the encoding efficiency and spectrum efficiency significantly. The specific approach is to build a typical data decoding system model of WSN, and to research bit error rate and signal to noise ratio of data encoding under different fading channel using the different procession methods, which aims at assessing the research effect of data encoding improvement in WSN. The project will not only break through the theory bottleneck of the existing technology, but also has important significance for clarifying the mechanism of transmission and encoding of life status data in WSN, revealing the research law of basic theory, and expanding the engineering application fields of this technology.
Progress in pharmaceutical development presentation with improved pharmacokinetics: a new formulation for valproate (2005)

Successful long-term treatment of patients with epilepsy requires selection of an appropriate antiepileptic regimen, optimal dosing and patient compliance. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological basis of epilepsy and in the choice of treatment options are transforming the global management of these patients. If the achievement of seizure freedom remains the primary goal of any antiepileptic treatment, issues associated with drug acceptability and tolerability, and with quality of life of patients, have gained increasing attention as major determinants of ultimate therapeutic success. Sustained-release formulations of antiepileptic drugs can be very helpful in achieving treatment objectives. Stable serum levels without marked peak-to-trough fluctuations, reduced frequency of dosing and the possibility of dosing flexibility may all improve compliance, patient satisfaction and ultimately quality of life. The efficacy of sodium valproate for the treatment of most types of epilepsy has been demonstrated extensively and this drug remains the mainstay of treatment for many clinical situations. Among the various valproate formulations, extended-release tablets have shown improved patient compliance and satisfaction. However, the tablet size and the limited dosing flexibility could be unsuitable for individualized treatment in special populations such as children, the elderly and patients with swallowing difficulties. A new sustained-release formulation of sodium valproate consisting of tasteless microspheres that can be sprinkled on semi-solid food such as yoghurt or jam has been developed. A stick pack presentation allows individualized dosing and greater convenience.
Landscape analysis of escape variants identifies SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization (2020)

Although neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein are a goal of COVID-19 vaccines and have received emergency use authorization as therapeutics, viral escape mutants could compromise their efficacy. To define the immune-selected mutational landscape in S protein, we used a VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2-S chimeric virus and 19 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to generate 50 different escape mutants. The variants were mapped onto the RBD structure and evaluated for cross-resistance to mAbs and convalescent human sera. Each mAb had a unique resistance profile, although many shared residues within an epitope. Some variants ( <i>e.g</i> ., S477N) were resistant to neutralization by multiple mAbs, whereas others ( <i>e.g</i> ., E484K) escaped neutralization by convalescent sera, suggesting some humans induce a narrow repertoire of neutralizing antibodies. Comparing the antibody-mediated mutational landscape in S with sequence variation in circulating SARS-CoV-2, we define substitutions that may attenuate neutralizing immune responses in some humans.
A maximum flow algorithm for buffer-limited delay tolerant networks (2017)

Deep space networks, satellite networks, ad hoc networks, and the Internet can be modeled as DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks). As a fundamental problem, the maximum flow problem is of vital importance for routing and service scheduling in networks. However, there exists no permanent end-to-end path since the topology and the characteristics of links are time-variant, resulting in a crucial maximum flow problem in DTNs. In this paper, we focus on the single-source-single-sink maximum flow problem of buffer-limited DTNs, followed by a valid algorithm to solve it. First, the BTAG (Buffer-limited Time Aggregated Graph) is constructed for modeling the buffer-limited DTN. Then, on the basis of BTAG, the two-way cache transfer series and the relevant transfer rules are designed, and thus a BTAG-based maximum flow algorithm is proposed to solve the maximum flow problem in buffer-limited DTNs. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The re:search engine (2007)

Re-finding, a common Web task, is difficult when previously viewed information is modified, moved, or removed. For example, if a person finds a good result using the query "breast cancer treatments", she expects to be able to use the same query to locate the same result again. While re-finding could be supported by caching the original list, caching precludes the discovery of new information, such as, in this case, new treatment options. People often use search engines to simultaneously find and re-find information. The Re:Search Engine is designed to support both behaviors in dynamic environments like the Web by preserving only the memorable aspects of a result list. A study of result list memory shows that people forget a lot. The Re:Search Engine takes advantage of these memory lapses to include new results where old results have been forgotten.
Ru Electrode Deposited by Sputtering in Ar/O<sub>2</sub> Mixture Ambient (1998)

Ru films are fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering in an Ar/O 2 ambient, as the bottom electrodes of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 thin film capacitors. The Ru films deposited on Si in an Ar/O 2 mixture ambient show low resistivity and low film stress and do not form Ru 2 Si 3 following thermal processing even at 700°C. It becomes clear that there exist very thin amorphous and crystalline layers composed of Ru, Si and O between the Ru films and Si in the case of Ru films deposited in an Ar/O 2 ambient. A low contact resistance at the Ru/n + -Si interface is obtained after annealing at 700°C. An effective SiO 2 film thickness of 0.42 nm is obtained for an actual Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 film thickness of 42 nm with a leakage current of less than 1×10 -8 A/cm 2 in the range between -1.5 V and +1.8 V for a Ru/Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 /Ru/n + -Si capacitor without a barrier metal layer.
HyQue: evaluating hypotheses using Semantic Web technologies (2011)

HyQue is a query-based hypothesis evaluation system that can currently evaluate hypotheses about the galactose metabolism in S. cerevisiae. Hypotheses as well as the supporting or refuting data are represented in RDF and directly linked to one another allowing scientists to browse from data to hypothesis and vice versa. HyQue hypotheses and data are available at http://semanticscience.org/projects/hyque.
Characteristics of pulse trapping by use of ultrashort soliton pulses in optical fibers across the zero-dispersion wavelength (2002)

Characteristics of pulse trapping by ultrashort soliton pulse in optical fibers across zero-dispersion wavelength are analyzed both experimentally and numerically. The spectrogram of pulse trapping is observed using the technique of cross correlation frequency resolved optical gating and the phenomenon of pulse trapping is confirmed directly. The pulse trapping is numerically analyzed using the coupled strict nonlinear Schrödinger equations and the numerical results are well in agreement with the experimental ones. It is clarified that the pulse trapping occurs due to the sequential cross phase modulation by the Raman shifted soliton pulse.
A Device for Interpersonal Haptic Entertainment (1998)

The paper describes how we designed and prototyped HandJive, a haptic device for interpersonal entertainment. Handlive is notable because it relies entirely on haptic input and output. The design process included typical steps such as analyzing user needs and performing iterative prototyping 2nd testing. However, developing a haptic interface like HandJive also presented special challenges, such as creating rapid physical prototypes that could withstand abuse, developing a preliminary system of haptic interaction, and testing haptic interfaces through low-tech prototypes.
Synthesis of intramolecularly cyclized poly(phenylene sulfide)s of the thianthrene‐type (1988)

Abstract Oligomers containing thianthrene units in the chain are synthesized by AlCl 3 ‐catalyzed reaction of diphenylsulfide, thianthrene, poly( p ‐phenylene sulfide), and poly( m ‐phenylene disulfide) with sulfur at 80°C. The products are compared with that obtained by the reaction of diphenylsulfide with AlCl 3 at 225°C. IR spectra and elemental analyses are consistent with cyclic chain structures and show a higher cyclization for CHCl 3 ‐insoluble fractions. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates the same structure for the samples obtained with the different methods of synthesis. A possible structural model is tentatively proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized N‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐α‐amino Acids and Esters by Ring Opening of Imidazo(1,2‐a)pyridine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A systematic study on the chemical stability of mitomycin A and mitomycin B. (1986)

The kinetics and mechanisms of the degradation of mitomycin A and mitomycin B in aqueous solution were investigated by means of ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The influences of pH, buffers and temperature on the degradation were quantified. Degradation products were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), UV-VIS spectrophotometry, chromatography and circular dirchroism (CD) spetroscopy. The degradation reactions follow (pseudo) first-order kinetics. The collected kinetic data allowed an accurate determination of the pKa value of the aziridine moiety of the mitomycins by using computerized curve-fitting models.
Development and Application of Microgrid Energy Management System (2013)

The hardware system is firstly constructed by the design of the electrical structure and control framework.Then aiming at the friendly interaction between microgrid and distribution network,it has designed software system platform and application function,and developed the energy management system based on the 4D energy management space,realizing the short-term power balance and long-term energy management.
The Addition of Antibiotics to Fibrin Glue (1997)

Fibrin glue is composed of two separate solutions of fibrinogen and thrombin. When mixed together, these two solutions mimic the final stages of the clotting cascade to form a fibrin clot. Because the resulting fibrin patch is a good medium for microbial growth, the addition of antibiotics to one of the components of fibrin glue has been shown to reduce postoperative infections. Seventeen different antibiotics have been investigated in vitro. Of the 17, cefotaxime, mezlocillin, gentamicin, neomycin, and polymixin B, when added to fibrin glue, can decrease the rate of clot formation or the strength of the resultant fibrin clot. Further work is necessary to characterize the effect the addition of antibiotics has on the rate and strength of fibrin clotting and to determine what effect low systemic levels of antibiotics might have on antibiotic resistance patterns.
Air-coupled ultrasonic estimation of viscoelastic stiffnesses in plates (1996)

Materials characterization by means of megahertz air-coupled ultrasound is reported in this paper. In plates of composite laminates the reconstruction of a function closely related to the transmission coefficient has been accomplished using leaky guided waves. The spatial and frequency dependence of the transmitted leaky waves have been measured for a variety of plates, including aluminum-aramid and graphite-epoxy. These results are based on a general method, developed in this paper, to reconstruct a transmission function experimentally from scans both of receiver position and incident angle. A synthetic aperture technique is utilized to reduce the measurements by forming an effective wide-angle focused aperture. This synthetic focused aperture is obtained experimentally by summing measured signals coherently for many transmitter-receiver separations and summing incoherently for many transducer angles with respect to the plate normal. These results have been employed to deduce, with high precision, a function related to the plane-wave transmission coefficient of the plate over the frequency and angular bandwidths covered by the measurements. Calculation of this function is demonstrated, and the source of its deviation from the plane-wave transmission coefficient is explained. The experimental results show good agreement when compared to three-dimensional theoretical beam calculations. The high degree of accuracy in the measured transmission function has been exploited to construct an efficient inversion algorithm to estimate the viscoelastic material properties and/or sample thickness.