gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer-encoded video in scalable adaptive streaming (2005)

Combining the concepts of caching and transmission control protocol (TCP)-friendly streaming of layer-encoded video bears the problem that those videos might not be cached in full quality. Therefore, we focus in this work on the scheduling of retransmissions of missing segments of a cached video in a manner that allows clients to receive the content in an improved quality. In a first step, we conducted subjective assessments of variations in layer-encoded video with the goal to validate existing quality metrics, including our own, which are based on certain assumptions. A statistical analysis of the subjective assessment validates these assumptions. We also show that the frequently used peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is not an appropriate metric for variations in layer-encoded video. With the insight from the subjective assessment we develop heuristics for retransmission scheduling and prove their applicability by conducting a series of simulations.
Generic input template for cloud simulators: A case study of CloudSim (2018)

Summary Cloud computing and its service models, such as Platform as a Service (PaaS), have changed the way that computing resources are allocated to Information and Communications Technology enterprises and users. Although multiple cloud providers support dynamic service provisioning, it is necessary to facilitate the management of the cloud infrastructure and applications in order to allow the continuous refinement of cloud models. Therefore, issues are raised regarding the cloud orchestration, including the flexible portability and interoperability of cloud applications among multiple cloud providers. Having said that, there is a need for a standardized design and management of the cloud use cases (during the creation of scenarios, application's deployment, and patching) to ensure efficient applications' migration between different providers. This paper proposes an artifact, GITS, a generic input template for CloudSim and other cloud simulators. GITS can be provided by PaaS offering to manage the creation, monitoring, administration, and patching of infrastructure and applications in the cloud. GITS defines the cloud schema that can be used with conforming cloud models and independent cloud providers; thus, portability and interoperability can be enabled in PaaS cloud models. GITS focuses on the architecture‐based modeling for cloud infrastructure and application not only in terms of computational resources but also in terms of high availability properties associated with infrastructure and applications. The main objective of the GITS template is to provide the cloud user with a modular, simple, readable, and reusable model that still supports the essential components and provide them with the ability to control the applications' execution, deployment, and other management needs in addition to the allocation environment. This paper describes GITS usage, specifically as an input template for CloudSim.
Early Childhood Experiences and Women's Achievement Motives (1973)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsLois Wladis HoffmanLois Wladis Hoffman is Associate Professor, Departments of Psychology and Population Planning, University of Michigan. Condensed from the Journal of social issues, Volume 28, Number 2, 1972, by Gertrude Selznick, Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley.
Antibiotic Tolerance Among Clinical Isolates of Bacteria (1985)

Journal Article Antibiotic Tolerance Among Clinical Isolates of Bacteria Get access Sandra Handwerger, Sandra Handwerger The Rockefeller University, New York, New York Please send requests for reprints to Dr. Sandra Handwerger, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander Tomasz Alexander Tomasz The Rockefeller University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 7, Issue 3, May 1985, Pages 368–386, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/7.3.368 Published: 01 May 1985
Cascade-Net: a New Deep Learning Architecture for OFDM Detection (2018)

In this paper, we consider using deep neural network for OFDM symbol detection and demonstrate its performance advantages in combating large Doppler Shift. In particular, a new architecture named Cascade-Net is proposed for detection, where deep neural network is cascading with a zero-forcing preprocessor to prevent the network stucking in a saddle point or a local minimum point. In addition, we propose a sliding detection approach in order to detect OFDM symbols with large number of subcarriers. We evaluate this new architecture, as well as the sliding algorithm, using the Rayleigh channel with large Doppler spread, which could degrade detection performance in an OFDM system and is especially severe for high frequency band and mmWave communications. The numerical results of OFDM detection in SISO scenario show that cascade-net can achieve better performance than zero-forcing method while providing robustness against ill conditioned channels. We also show the better performance of the sliding cascade network (SCN) compared to sliding zero-forcing detector through numerical simulation.
High molecular weight kininogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and cleavage of aggregin by inhibiting binding of thrombin to platelets (1991)

In this study we show that high molecular weight kininogen (HK) inhibited alpha-thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets in a dose-dependent manner with complete inhibition occurring at plasma concentration (0.67 mumol/L) of HK. HK (0.67 mumol/L) also completely inhibited thrombin-induced cleavage of aggregin (Mr = 100 Kd), a surface membrane protein that mediates adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced shape change, aggregation, and fibrinogen binding. The inhibition of HK was specific for alpha- and gamma-thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, because HK did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, calcium ionophore (A23187), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), PMA + A23187, or 9,11-methano derivative of prostaglandin H2 (U46619). These effects were explained by the ability of HK, at physiologic concentration, to completely inhibit binding of 125I-alpha-thrombin to washed platelets. As a result of this action of HK, this plasma protein also completely inhibited thrombin-induced secretion of adenosine triphosphate, blocked intracellular rise in Ca2+ in platelets exposed to alpha- and gamma-thrombin, inhibited thrombin-induced platelet shape change, and blocked the ability of thrombin to antagonize the increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels induced by iloprost. Because elevation of cAMP is known to inhibit binding of thrombin to platelets, we established that HK did not increase the intracellular concentration of platelet cAMP. Finally, HK did not inhibit enzymatic activity of thrombin. To study the role of HK in the plasma environment, we used gamma-thrombin to avoid fibrin formation by alpha-thrombin. Platelet aggregation induced by gamma-thrombin was also inhibited by HK in a dose-dependent manner. The EC50 (concentration to produce 50% of the maximum rate of aggregation) of gamma-thrombin for washed platelets was 7 nmol/L and increased to 102 nmol/L when platelets were suspended in normal human plasma. The EC50 for platelet aggregation induced by alpha-thrombin in plasma deficient in total kininogen was 40 nmol/L. When supplemented with HK at plasma concentration (0.67 mumol/L), the EC50 increased to 90 nmol/L, a value similar to that for normal human plasma. These results indicate that (1) HK inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and cleavage of aggregin by inhibiting binding of thrombin to platelets; (2) HK is a specific inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by alpha- and gamma-thrombin; and (3) HK plays a role in modulating platelet aggregation stimulated by alpha-thrombin in plasma.
Recent advances in topical carriers of anti-fungal agents (2020)

Fungal skin infections are the most common global issue for skin health. Fungal infections are often treated by topical or systemic anti-fungal therapy. Topical fungal therapy is usually preferred because of their targeted therapy and fewer side effects. Advanced topical carriers because of their distinct structural and functional features, overcome biopharmaceutical challenges associated with conventional drug delivery systems like poor retention and low bioavailability. Literature evidence indicated topical nanocarriers loaded with anti-fungal agents display superior therapeutic response with minimum toxicity. Nanocarriers often used for topical anti-fungal medication includes Solid-Lipid nanoparticles, Microemulsions, Liposomes, Niosomes, Microsponge, Nanogel, Nanoemulsion, Micelles etc. This review summarizes recent advances in novel strategies employed in topical carriers to improve the therapeutic performance of anti-fungal drugs.
Preoperative chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma:Selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on the response of the primary tumor to preoperative chemotherapy (1982)

Since June 1978, 57 patients with primary osteogenic sarcoma of an extremity were treated with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) and citrovorum factor rescue (CFR), Adriamycin, and the combination of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin (BCD) given for 4-16 weeks prior to definitive surgery. Histologic examination of the resected primary tumor determined the effect of preoperative chemotherapy with many primary tumors showing greater than 90% tumor necrosis attributable to preoperative chemotherapy. All patients having this favorable effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor were continued on the same chemotherapy regimen postoperatively (regimen B). However, in those patients not having a good effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the primary tumor, HDMTX with CFR was subsequently deleted from their postoperative chemotherapy and they were placed on a regimen containing cisplatinum at the dose of 120mg/M2 with mannitol diuresis combined with Adriamycin in addition to BCD (regimen A). In the current study, 35 of the 57 patients did not demonstrate a good effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor and were assigned to regimen A postoperatively. Of these 35 patients, 32 (91%) have remained continuously free of recurrent or metastatic disease from 6-34 months following the start of therapy. Among the 22 remaining patients having a good histologic response and treated with regimen B postoperatively, there has been only one relapse in a patient who had a local recurrence in the area of an inadequately resected primary tumor three months after the cessation of chemotherapy. Thus, 53 of 57 patients (93%) are continuously with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease from 6-35 months (median, 20 months) from the start of treatment. This study demonstrates the value of thorough histologic examination in predicting survival in responding patients and in helping identify patients whose disease-free survival rate can be substantially increased if they are given alternative postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after failing to have a good response to preoperative chemotherapy. This individualized chemotherapeutic strategy has yielded the highest disease-free survival rate reported to date for osteogenic sarcoma.
The crystal chemistry of non-stoichiometric oxides with the low-temperature Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>structure (1993)

Abstract A model is proposed for the idealized structures of the non-stoichiometric Ta2O5: MOx phases which possess the structure of the low-temperature form of Ta2O5. These are described as consisting of slabs of a β-U3O8-type structure of variable width linked by slabs of α-U3O8-type structure which are of constant width. These structures are consistent with the shift-lattice interpretation of the diffraction patterns and provide a crystal-chemical basis for the formation of such phases.
Respiratory motion management in particle therapy (2010)

Clinical outcomes of charged particle therapy are very promising. Currently, several dedicated centers that use scanning beam technology are either close to clinical use or under construction. Since scanned beam treatments of targets that move with respiration most likely result in marked local over- and underdosage due to interplay of target motion and dynamic beam application, dedicated motion mitigation techniques have to be employed. To date, the motion mitigation techniques, rescanning, beam gating, and beam tracking, have been proposed and tested in experimental studies. Rescanning relies on repeated irradiations of the target with the number of particles reduced accordingly per scan to statistically average local misdosage. Specific developments to prohibit temporal correlation between beam scanning and target motion will be required to guarantee adequate averaging. For beam gating, residual target motion within gating windows has to be mitigated in order to avoid local misdosage. Possibly the most promising strategy is to increase the overlap of adjacent particle pencil beams laterally as well as longitudinally to effectively reduce the sensitivity against small residual target motion. The most conformal and potentially most precise motion mitigation technique is beam tracking. Individual particle pencil beams have to be adapted laterally as well as longitudinally according to the target motion. Within the next several years, it can be anticipated that rescanning as well as beam gating will be ready for clinical use. For rescanning, treatment planning margins that incorporate the full extent of target motion as well as motion induced density variations in the beam paths will result in reduced target conformity of the applied dose distributions. Due to the limited precision of motion monitoring devices, it seems likely that beam gating will be used initially to mitigate interplay effects only but not to considerably decrease treatment planning margins. Then, in the next step, beam gating, based on more accurate motion monitoring systems, provides the possibility to restore target conformity as well as steep dose gradients due to reduced treatment planning margins. Accurate motion monitoring systems will be required for beam tracking. Even though beam tracking has already been successfully tested experimentally, full clinical implementation requires direct feedback of the actual target position in quasireal time to the treatment control system and can be anticipated to be several more years ahead.
Cascadable differential <i>PnpN</i> optoelectronicswitchoperating at 50 Mbit/s with ultrahigh opticalinput sensitivity (1995)

Dramatic improvements in the high-speed performance of GaAs/AlGaAs optical thyristor-based differential pairs are reported. The authors demonstrate cascadable operation at 50 Mbit/s with an external optical input energy of 7.4 fJ, resulting in the best speed-sensitivity product ever reported for optical thyristors.
Activation of Potassium and Chloride Channels by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (2000)

Despite abundant evidence for changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell death, the role of plasma membrane ion channels in this process remains unclear. These studies examine the influence of TNF on ion channel opening and death in a model rat liver cell line (HTC). TNF (25 ng/ml) elicited a 2- and 5-fold increase in K(+) and Cl(-) currents, respectively, in HTC cells. These increases occurred within 5-10 min after TNF exposure and were inhibited either by K(+) or Cl(-) substitution or by K(+) channel blockers (Ba(2+), quinine, 0.1 mm each) or Cl(-) channel blockers (10 microm 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid and 0.1 mm N-phenylanthranilic acid), respectively. TNF-mediated increases in K(+) and Cl(-) currents were each inhibited by intracellular Ca(2+) chelation (5 mm EGTA), ATP depletion (4 units/ml apyrase), and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors chelerythrine (10 micrometer) or PKC 19-36 peptide (1 micrometer). In contrast, currents were not attenuated by the calmodulin kinase II 281-309 peptide (10 micrometer), an inhibitor of calmodulin kinase II. In the presence of actinomycin D (1 micrometer), each of the above ion channel blockers significantly delayed the progression to TNF-mediated cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of K(+) and Cl(-) channels is an early response to TNF signaling and that channel opening is Ca(2+)- and PKC-dependent. Our findings further suggest that K(+) and Cl(-) channels participate in pathways leading to TNF-mediated cell death and thus represent potential therapeutic targets to attenuate liver injury from TNF.
The ability of zinc to inhibit the sporulation and viability of <i>Clostridium sporogenes</i> and growth of other bacteria (2011)

Summary The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of zinc on the sporulation and viability of Clostridium sporogenes and on the growth of other bacteria. When 0.5% ZnCl 2 was added to a sporulation medium, it completely inhibited C. sporogenes (PA 3679) sporulation for up to 3 weeks. At concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%, ZnCl 2 not only completely inactivated the vegetative cell viability (>7.0 Log reduction) but also significantly reduced the spore viability (<2.1 Log reduction) of C. sporogenes . Taken together, it was concluded that zinc blocks C. sporogenes sporulation by damaging (or killing) vegetative cells and probably by interfering with the biosynthesis of spore components. In addition to the inhibitory effect on the sporulation and viability of C. sporogenes , ZnCl 2 was found to have a broad antimicrobial spectrum against all Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative spoilage and pathogenic bacteria tested. The minimal inhibitory concentration for inhibiting the bacteria ranged between 3.7 and 7.4 m m . Therefore, we expect that this compound or a combination thereof has a potential as a surface‐cleaning agent or disinfectant.
Baculovirus immediate early gene promoter based expression vectors for transient and stable transformation of insect cells (1994)

A recombinant plasmid vector was constructed in which the bacterial LacZ gene was placed under the control of a Bombyx mori baculovirus early promoter. The vector proved to be active in transfected cultured dipteran and lepidopteran cells. Co-transfection carried out with this recombinant plasmid vector and a plasmid containing the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene followed by selection with the antibiotic hygromycin B, resulted in stable transformation of cultured Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 cells. Southern blot analysis of the host cell's genomic DNA in combination with chromosomal in situ hybridization demonstrated that multiple copies of both plasmids were integrated in the host cell's genome.
Electron space-charge effects on high-frequency performance of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs under high-current-density operation (1988)

The high-frequency characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) under high-current-density biasing condition are investigated in conjunction with the electron space charge in the collector depletion layer. A significant increase in cutoff frequency f/sub t/ and maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/ at the early stage of the base push-out was observed in HBTs with a lightly doped n-type collector structure, and is attributed to the collector depletion layer widening and the enhancement of the velocity overshoot effect caused by the increasing electron density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of the pathologist in wound management (2007)

Skin wounds result from a wide variety of physical insults, traumas and idiopathic causes. All are prone to infection and vulnerable to dehydration, contamination and further damage from environmental insult. Appropriate therapy depends upon correct diagnosis of the lesion, wound bed preparation with antimicrobial measures as required, and selection and application of suitable dressings. Whereas tissue viability clinicians and nurses will routinely assess levels of tissue damage and infection through observation of the colour, depth and size of wounds, backed up by microbiological assessment, a range of laboratory pathological services are available to give a wider picture of clinical wounds and possible causes of indolence and non-healing. This review identifies the contribution that specialist pathologists can make to identifying immunological changes in patients and toxic events resulting from the use of xenobiotic materials in wound management, and unravelling the mechanistic action of wound care products. Emphasis is placed on the central role of research in furthering the study of wound healing and mechanisms of chronicity.
Conjugal Transfer of Genetic Information in Group N Streptococci (1980)

Streptococcus lactis strains ML3 and C(2)O and S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis strains DRC3, 11007, and WM(4) were found to transfer lactose-fermenting ability to LM0230, an S. lactis C2 lactose-negative (Lac(-)) derivative which is devoid of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Lactose-positive streptomycin-resistant (Lac(+) Str(r)) recombinants were found when the Lac(+) Str(s) donor was mixed with Lac(-) Str(r) LM0230 in solid-surface matings. Transduction and transformation were ruled out as the mechanism of genetic exchange in strains ML3, DRC3, 11007, and WM(4), nor was reversion responsible for the high number of Lac(+) Str(r) recombinants. Furthermore, chloroform treatment of the donor prevented the appearance of recombinants, indicating that transfer of lactose-fermenting ability required viable cell-to-cell contact. Strain C(2)O demonstrated transduction as well as conjugation. Transfer of plasmid DNA during conjugation for all strains was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of plasmid DNA in the transconjugants by using agarose gel electrophoresis. In some instances, a cryptic plasmid was transferred in conjunction with the lactose plasmid by using strains DRC3, 11007, and WM(4). In S. lactis C2 x LM0230 matings, the Str(r) marker was transferred from LM0230 to C2, suggesting conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA. The results confirm conjugation as another mechanism of genetic exchange occurring in dairy starter cultures.
Autism and Dietary Therapy (2013)

We report the history of a child with autism and epilepsy who, after limited response to other interventions following her regression into autism, was placed on a gluten-free, casein-free diet, after which she showed marked improvement in autistic and medical symptoms. Subsequently, following pubertal onset of seizures and after failing to achieve full seizure control pharmacologically she was advanced to a ketogenic diet that was customized to continue the gluten-free, casein-free regimen. On this diet, while still continuing on anticonvulsants, she showed significant improvement in seizure activity. This gluten-free casein-free ketogenic diet used medium-chain triglycerides rather than butter and cream as its primary source of fat. Medium-chain triglycerides are known to be highly ketogenic, and this allowed the use of a lower ratio (1.5:1) leaving more calories available for consumption of vegetables with their associated health benefits. Secondary benefits included resolution of morbid obesity and improvement of cognitive and behavioral features. Over the course of several years following her initial diagnosis, the child's Childhood Autism Rating Scale score decreased from 49 to 17, representing a change from severe autism to nonautistic, and her intelligence quotient increased 70 points. The initial electroencephalogram after seizure onset showed lengthy 3 Hz spike-wave activity; 14 months after the initiation of the diet the child was essentially seizure free and the electroencephalogram showed only occasional 1-1.5 second spike-wave activity without clinical accompaniments.