gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovative Economic and Managerial Activity of the Engineer: Essence and Tasks of Formation (2021)

The need for accelerated innovative development of the country, the transition to hightech production entails the modernization of engineering education, the formation of the future engineers' ability to innovate. The analysis shows that one of the reasons for the decline in the pace of innovative development is the insufficient economic and organizational and managerial training of future engineers. This prevents engineers from making a business case for new technology solutions and identifying their potential commercial and social impact at the initial design stage. The author points out that, regulated as a mandatory, organizational and managerial type of engineering activity, the requirements of educational standards are reflected in an aspect, which leads to the imperfection of organizational and managerial training of future engineers. At the same time, the tasks of innovation of the engineer in terms of economy and management are much wider than the content of organizational and management activities. This makes it necessary to expand the requirements of educational standards for the economic and management activities of an engineer and introduce this type of activity instead of organizational and managerial. This proposal is based on the domestic traditions of integrated and interdisciplinary engineering training, which today need to be rethought taking into account accelerated scientific and technological progress and effective foreign practice of preparing future engineers for innovation. Based on the analysis and the identified economic and management actions of the engineer in the process of innovation implementation, the author's understanding of the essence of innovative economic and management activities of the engineer as a result of his indepth economic training is proposed. The results of the study will make it possible to determine the essence and structure of the readiness of future engineers for innovative economic and management activities, as well as to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for its formation in the process of professional training of students in engineering and technical specialties.
Role of psychiatric comorbidity in chronic Lyme disease (2008)

Psychiatric comorbidity and other psychological factors distinguished CLD patients from other patients commonly seen in Lyme disease referral centers, and were related to poor functional outcomes.
Tryptophan-, Threonine-, and Lysine-enriched Plasteins from Zein (1974)

Journal Article Tryptophan-, Threonine-, and Lysine-enriched Plasteins from Zein Get access Keiichi Aso, Keiichi Aso Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michiko Yamashita, Michiko Yamashita Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Soichi Arai, Soichi Arai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Fujimaki Masao Fujimaki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 3, 1 March 1974, Pages 679–680, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1974.10861215 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 18 October 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
Digesting Commercial Clips from TV Streams (2008)

A commercial system that performs syntactic and semantic analysis during a TV advertising break could facilitate innovative new applications, such as an intelligent set-top box that enhances the ability of viewers to monitor and manage commercials from TV streams.
Leukotriene B formation by neutrophils from essential fatty acid-deficient rats. (1984)

Analysis of neutrophil phospholipids from rats fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet revealed a 33% reduction in arachidonate and a 90% reduction in linoleate compared to neutrophil phospholipids of rats fed a normal diet. The neutrophil phospholipids from rats fed the essential fatty acid-deficient diet also contained significant amounts of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoate, a fatty acid not found in the neutrophils of rats fed a normal diet. Analysis of the production of leukotrienes of the B series by ionophore-stimulated neutrophils from rats fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet revealed a 87% reduction in leukotriene B4 compared to neutrophils from rats fed a normal diet even though the arachidonate content was reduced by only 34%. Essential fatty acid-deficient neutrophils converted endogenous 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid to leukotriene A3 and its nonenzymatic degradation products, but little or no leukotriene B3 was formed. Neutrophils from rats fed a normal diet incubated with ionophore and exogenous 5,8,11-eicosatrienoate also produced leukotriene A3 and its nonenzymatic degradation products but little or no leukotriene B3. Exogenous 5,8,11-eicosatrienoate incubated with ionophore-stimulated normal neutrophils caused a dose-dependent inhibition of leukotriene A hydrolase resulting in diminished production of leukotriene B4 from endogenous arachidonate. Assays of leukotriene A hydrolase in the 10,000 X g supernatant fraction of a homogenate of RBL-1 cells revealed that a lipoxygenase metabolite of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoate rather than 5,8,11-eicosatrienoate itself is the inhibitor of leukotriene A hydrolase. Thus the finding that leukotriene B4 production by neutrophils from essential fatty acid-deficient rats is diminished out of proportion to the decrease in arachidonate content appears to be due to inhibition of leukotriene A hydrolase by a lipoxygenase metabolite.
Use of a recombinant Coccidioides immitis complement fixation antigen-chitinase in conventional serological assays (1996)

The coccidioidal complement fixation (CF) antigen has been cloned previously, and the fusion protein has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant CF (rCF) antigen was affinity purified by adsorption-desorption to chitin, and its reactivity was studied by using sera containing coccidioidal antibodies. The affinity-purified rCF antigen formed a line of identity with an immunodiffusion (ID) CF reference antigen (coccidioidin) derived from mycelial-phase Coccidioides immitis and was reactive with human, canine, and equine sera containing coccidioidal antibody. The affinity-purified rCF antigen yielded no detectable reaction with Blastomyces of Histoplasma antiserum by ID. The affinity-purified rCF antigen fixed complement with positive human sera and, even when used at lower concentrations, yielded titers comparable to those obtained with the coccidioidin. The reactivity of the affinity-purified rCF antigen was further evaluated by enzyme immunoassay, in which it manifested good sensitivity (96.9%) and specificity (100%) when evaluated with 43 human patients' sera. Thus, the affinity-purified rCF antigen has yielded reactions comparable to those of crude coccidioidal antigens in conventional CF, IDCF, and enzyme immunoassay.
THUNDERSTORM STRUCTURE AND CIRCULATION (1948)

Data from Thunderstorm Project observations in Florida, derived mainly from airplane traverses through thunderstorms, are analyzed in order to obtain a description of thunderstorm structure and circulation. Thunderstorms are normally found to consist of several more-or-less independent convective systems or "cells". Each cell goes through a life cycle represented by three fairly distinct stages-the cumulus stage, the mature stage, and the dissipating stage. In the cumulus stage the cell is formed from an updraft of air which, as in the other stages, "entrains" air from the environment. In this stage no rain has yet reached the ground. In the mature stage, rain is occurring and a large part of the cell consists of a downdraft which characterizes the rain area. The updraft continues in a portion of the cell in the low and intermediate levels and in all parts of the top levels. In the dissipating stage, downdrafts are present throughout, although weak upward motion is apparent in the upper parts. The thunderstorm of 9 July 1946 is taken as typical of the structure and vertical currents that have been described. Radar photographs and data from the surface micronetwork are used in substantiation of the airplane findings. Strong horizontal divergence at the surface in the downdraft and rain areas and convergence under the updrafts are shown. From the abundant upper-air wind and temperature-humidity soundings made with balloons in and around the thunderstorms, data from the various sources are combined to study the thermodynamics involved in the circulation. The entrainment of air into the cells has an important effect which by actual measurement and introduction of reasonable values of entrainment satisfactorily accounts for the observed air currents. With entrainment, the updraft lapse rate approaches that of the environment. It is then demonstrated that it is possible for falling rain to "trigger" a downdraft of cold air that reaches and spreads out over the surface of the earth as the cold core of the rain area.
X-ray Crystallography of Hemoglobins (2003)

X-ray crystallography has played a key role in understanding the relationship between protein structure and physiological function. In particular, X-ray analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) crystals has been pivotal in the formulation of basic theories concerning the behavior of allosteric proteins. Methemoglobin (MetHb) from horse was the first three-dimensional (3D) structure of liganded Hb to be solved (1–4). It was followed by crystallographic determination of the unliganded (deoxygenated) form nearly a decade later (5). The X-ray analyses provided 3D atomic resolution structures and confirmed that Hb was tetrameric, containing two subunit types (α and β), and one oxygen-binding heme group per subunit. John Kendrew (myoglobin) and Max Perutz (Hb) received the Nobel Prize for their pioneering work, being the first to determine the 3D structures of proteins, using X-ray crystallography. Since the crystallographic determination of these structures, there has been an almost exponential increase in the use of X-ray crystallography to determine the 3D structures of proteins, i.e., as evidenced by the history of structures deposited in the protein data bank.
Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors (2011)

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and stability of the networks and relationships that define societies. For animals, such as mice, recognition of conspecifics may be important for maintaining social hierarchy and for mate choice. A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by disruptions in social behavior and social recognition, including depression, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia. Studies of humans as well as animal models (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus) have identified genes involved in the regulation of social behavior. To assess sociability in animal models, several behavioral tests have been developed (reviewed in (3)). Integrative research using animal models and appropriate tests for social behavior may lead to the development of improved treatments for social psychopathologies. The three-chamber paradigm test known as Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty protocol has been successfully employed to study social affiliation and social memory in several inbred and mutant mouse lines (e.g. (4-7)). The main principle of this test is based on the free choice by a subject mouse to spend time in any of three box's compartments during two experimental sessions, including indirect contact with one or two mice with which it is unfamiliar. To quantitate social tendencies of the experimental mouse, the main tasks are to measure a) the time spent with a novel conspecific and b) preference for a novel vs. a familiar conspecific. Thus, the experimental design of this test allows evaluation of two critical but distinguishable aspects of social behavior, such as social affiliation/motivation, as well as social memory and novelty. "Sociability" in this case is defined as propensity to spend time with another mouse, as compared to time spent alone in an identical but empty chamber. "Preference for social novelty" is defined as propensity to spend time with a previously unencountered mouse rather than with a familiar mouse. This test provides robust results, which then must be carefully analyzed, interpreted and supported/confirmed by alternative sociability tests. In addition to specific applications, Crawley's sociability test can be included as an important component of general behavioral screen of mutant mice.
Development of genome-wide SNP assays for rice (2010)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant form of genetic variation in eukaryotic genomes. SNPs may be functionally responsible for specific traits or phenotypes, or they may be informative for tracing the evolutionary history of a species or the pedigree of a variety. As genetic markers, SNPs are rapidly replacing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) because they are more abundant, stable, amenable to automation, efficient, and increasingly cost-effective. The integration of high throughput SNP genotyping capability promises to accelerate genetic gain in a breeding program, but also imposes a series of economic, organizational and technical hurdles. To begin to address these challenges, SNP-based resources are being developed and made publicly available for broad application in rice research. These resources include large SNP datasets, tools for identifying informative SNPs for targeted applications, and a suite of custom-designed SNP assays for use in marker-assisted and genomic selection, association and QTL mapping, positional cloning, pedigree analysis, variety identification and seed purity testing. SNP resources also make it possible for breeders to more efficiently evaluate and utilize the wealth of natural variation that exists in both wild and cultivated germplasm with the aim of improving the productivity and sustainability of agriculture.
Gas-Liquid Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors for Different Applications (2018)

Gas-liquid membrane contactors that were based on hollow fiber membranes are the example of highly effective hybrid separation processes in the field of membrane technology. Membranes provide a fixed and well-determined interface for gas/liquid mass transfer without dispensing one phase into another while their structure (hollow fiber) offers very large surface area per apparatus volume resulted in the compactness and modularity of separation equipment. In many cases, stated benefits are complemented with high separation selectivity typical for absorption technology. Since hollow fiber membrane contactors are agreed to be one of the most perspective methods for CO2 capture technologies, the major reviews are devoted to research activities within this field. This review is focused on the research works carried out so far on the applications of membrane contactors for other gas-liquid separation tasks, such as water deoxygenation/ozonation, air humidity control, ethylene/ethane separation, etc. A wide range of materials, membranes, and liquid solvents for membrane contactor processes are considered. Special attention is given to current studies on the capture of acid gases (H2S, SO2) from different mixtures. The examples of pilot-scale and semi-industrial implementation of membrane contactors are given.
Supravital dithizone staining in the isolation of human and rat pancreatic islets. (1989)

Dithizone, a zinc chelating agent, is known to selectively stain the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. In the present study, we have used this stain to aid the identification of islets in material obtained by collagenase digestion of human pancreas. Islets were shown to rapidly and reversibly stain red on incubation with dithizone solution. Tissue selected on the basis of dithizone staining was shown to contain insulin-positive cells and to accumulate insulin in the medium during a subsequent period in tissue culture. Experiments with rat islets indicated that the dithizone treatment had no effect on insulin release in tissue culture, on acute responses to stimulatory glucose concentrations or on the insulin content of cells. These results suggest that dithizone staining can assist in the identification of islets from the human pancreas and may prove to be a useful tool in developing techniques for the large scale isolation of functionally intact human islets.
Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using allograft tendon (1988)

Treatment of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee using an arthroscopic technique and freeze-dried allograft tendons in 23 patients was studied prospectively. Accurate placement of drill holes and anchoring positions for the allografts was effected through a standard arthroscopic approach combined with a 3 cm incision on the medial tibial flare. Candidates for reconstruction were those who were unable to tolerate brace therapy and who had no degenerative arthritis. The 23 patients were drawn from a group of 60 treated patients because their follow-up had been greater than or equal to 1 year. Their knees were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with a Lysholm knee rating scale, Lachman test with KT-1000 arthrometric quantitation, pivot shift, Biodex test, and radiographs. Knee rating values improved in all knees, and only one patient had a significant deterioration in the KT-1000 reading. All patients with at least 20 months follow-up have resumed their preinjury activity levels.
A new half-micrometer p-channel MOSFET with efficient punchthrough stops (1986)

This paper describes design and characteristics of a new half-micrometer buried p-channel MOSFET with efficient punch-through stops. The approach for scaling down the buried p-channel MOSFET's is discussed by using two-dimensional process/device simulations and experimental results. The efficient punchthrough stops have realized high punchthrough resistance in half-micrometer dimensions without increasing the n-well concentration and extreme scaling of channel and source-drain junction depths. Moreover, this p-channel MOSFET shows the breakdown voltage to be as high as 10 V. The fabrication sequence is compatible with the conventional n-channel LDD MOSFET's.
Adhesion Improvements of Nanocellulose Composite Interfaces (2013)

Attention has recently become focused on the performance advantages of nanocomposites, and particularly polymerbased nanocomposites with respect to incumbent “neat” polymers or metallic materials for lightweighting initiatives. In the interest of sustainability, the specific use of bioreinforced nanocomposite parts and nanostructured coatings within automotive, aerospace, construction, medical, and packaging applications is accelerating. These “green” nanocomposites can provide high mechanical strength at low density, low weight, and potentially low cost. However, there are interfacial surface adhesion challenges with these and other nanocomposites, in addition to particle distribution and stability issues, which can inhibit full realization of their mechanical performance advantages. This paper will profile polymeric nanocomposites and nanocoatings, as well as define surface modification protocols using atmospheric pressure plasma technologies to optimize interfacial adhesion to similar and dissimilar materials.
Systematic analysis of leucine-rich repeat disease resistance genes in maize. (2018)

Leucine-rich repeat disease resistance (LRRDR) genes are important for defending plants from a range of pathogens. However, little information has been reported on the systematic analysis of LRRDR genes in maize. In this study, 235 LRRDR genes were identified in the complete genome sequence of maize (Zea mays cv. B73), classified as six different structural types, and then characterized based on conserved protein motifs, chromo- somal locations and gene duplications. Subsequent phylogenetic comparisons indicated that ~20 pairs of maize LRRDR proteins possessed high similarities to LRRDR proteins with known functions. Analyses of the physical locations and duplications of LRRDR genes indicated that gene duplication events involving LRRDR genes were high in maize and 84% occurred between chromosomes, which may ensure the functional performance and en- hancement of maize LRRDR genes. Meanwhile, the functions and expression patterns of the LRRDR genes were associated with their conserved protein secondary structures, suggesting that different conserved domains might distinguish their biological functions. Transcripts of 13 genes were regulated by two or more fungal pathogens, respectively, indicating that one LRRDR gene might mediate resistance to multiple fungal pathogens, suggest- ing that the signal networks of the maize-fungal pathogen interactions were partially crossed. Additionally, we screened five candidate LRRDR genes for ear rot resistance. The results reported in this study contribute to an improved understanding of the LRRDR gene family in maize.
Differential Protein Expression Profiles in Estrogen Receptor-Positive and -Negative Breast Cancer Tissues Using Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics (2010)

Identification of the proteins that are associated with estrogen receptor (ER) status is a first step towards better understanding of the hormone-dependent nature of breast carcinogenesis. Although a number of gene expression analyses have been conducted, protein complement has not been systematically investigated to date. Because proteins are primary targets of therapeutic drugs, in this study, we have attempted to identify proteomic signatures that demarcate ER-positive and -negative breast cancers. Using highly enriched breast tumor cells, replicate analyses from 3 ERα+ and 3 ERα- human breast tumors resulted in the identification of 2,995 unique proteins with ≥2 peptides. Among these, a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular kinases that are abundantly expressed in ERα+ and ERα- breast cancer tissues were identified. Further, label-free quantitative proteome analysis revealed that 236 proteins were differentially expressed in ERα+ and ERα- breast tumors. Among these, 141 proteins were selectively up-regulated in ERα+, and 95 proteins were selectively up-regulated in ERα- breast tumors. Comparison of differentially expressed proteins with a breast cancer database revealed 98 among these have been previously reported to be involved in breast cancer. By Gene Ontology molecular function, dehydrogenase, reductase, cytoskeletal proteins, extracellular matrix, hydrolase, and lyase categories were significantly enriched in ERα+, whereas selected calcium-binding protein, membrane traffic protein, and cytoskeletal protein were enriched in ERα- breast tumors. Biological process and pathway analysis revealed that up-regulated proteins of ERα+ were overrepresented by proteins involved in amino acid metabolism, proteasome, and fatty acid metabolism, while up-regulated proteins of ERα- were overrepresented by proteins involved in glycolysis pathway. The presence and relative abundance of 4 selected differentially abundant proteins (liprin-α1, fascin, DAP5, and β-arrestin-1) were quantified and validated by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, unlike in vitro cell culture models, the in vivo signaling proteins and pathways that we have identified directly from human breast cancer tissues may serve as relevant therapeutic targets for the pharmacological intervention of breast cancer.