gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An NVM Carol: Visions of NVM Past, Present, and Future (2018)

Around 2010, we observed significant research activity around the development of non-volatile memory technologies. Shortly thereafter, other research communities began considering the implications of non-volatile memory on system design, from storage systems to data management solutions to entire systems. Finally, in July 2015, Intel and Micron Technology announced 3D XPoint. It's now 2018; Intel is shipping its technology in SSD packages, but we've not yet seen the widespread availability of byte-addressable non-volatile memory that resides on the memory bus. We can view non-volatile memory technology and its impact on systems through an historical lens revealing it as the convergence of several past research trends starting with the concept of single-level store, encompassing the 1980s excitement around bubble memory, building upon persistent object systems, and leveraging recent work in transactional memory. We present this historical context, recalling past ideas that seem particularly relevant and potentially applicable and highlighting aspects that are novel.
Potential of nanoparticle technologies for next generation erbium-doped fibers (2004)

Nanoparticle technologies improve the doping processes. This results superior uniformity, higher erbium concentration and better control of refractive index profile. The nanoparticle technology will improve the economics and the quality of the erbium doped fiber.
Permeability Upscaling Techniques for Reservoir Simulation (2007)

Abstract Upscaling reservoir properties for reservoir simulation is one of the most important steps in the workflow for building reservoir models. Upscaling allows taking high-resolution geostatistical models (107-108 grid blocks) to coarse scale models (104-105 grid blocks), manageable for reservoir simulation, while retaining the geological realism and thus effectively representing fluid transport in the reservoir 1,2. This work presents a study of the effectiveness of different available techniques for permeability upscaling and the implementation of a new technique for upscaling of relative permeability curves based on the numerical solution of a two-phase system and the Kyte and Berry method3. The reference fine scale model considered in this study is a conceptual fluvial reservoir based on the Stanford V model4. The reference fine scale isotropic and locally heterogeneous permeability distribution was upscaled to different upscaling ratios by means of analytical (static) and numerical single-phase (pressure solver, dynamic) techniques. Two-phase flow simulations were performed on the reference fine grid and upscaled models using a comercial black-oil simulator. Arithmetic, harmonic, and geometric averages were defined for static upscaling of the permeability distribution. The dynamic upscaling process considered one-phase and two-phase upscaling. One-phase upscaling considered upscaling of the permeability distribution and two-phase upscaling considered upscaling of the permeability distribution and relative permeability curves. Flow simulation results for waterflooding in the coarse scale model indicated relevant discrepancies with the fine grid results. Compared to fine-scale, flow results of the single-phase upscaling process indicated that the coarsest upscaled models did not match the water breakthrough times, water cut values, or well pressures from the reference model. The finer upscaled models reproduced the reference results more accurately than the coarser models. The two-phase dynamic upscaling technique implemented in this work resulted in the best match with the flow simulation results of the fine grid model. Results show that the most accurate upscaling scheme should be defined using the two-phase dynamic upscaling technique on the model with the smallest upscaling ratio.
Frazil Ice Blockage of Intake Trash Racks (1991)

Operating water intakes in lakes and rivers in northern regions is complicated by the presence of ice. One of the most difficult problems is the accumulation of frazil ice on the intake trash rack, which can completely block the trash rack and rapidly and unexpectedly shut down the intake facility. In extreme cases the blockage can cause the intake trash rack to collapse. Blockages of intake trash racks occur sporadically, most often at night, in cold weather and always underwater. As a result, opportunities for observation and measurement are limited. This report discusses the following topics: The blockage process in rivers and in lakes; Coping with frazil blockage; Suppressing frazil production by using heat; Mechanical removal; Back flushing, Vibration; Blasting; Removal of trash racks; and Operating under frazil conditions.
Proteome-wide protein concentrations in the human heart (2010)

The largest component of the human heart, the left ventricle (LV), plays a major role in delivering blood throughout the body. Therefore, an in-depth detailed quantitative proteome analysis of the human LV is a valuable resource. For this purpose, a multifaceted proteomics approach combining differential sample fractionations (gel, strong cation exchange (SCX)), enzymatic digestions (trypsin, chymotrypsin, LysN), and peptide fragmentation techniques (CID and ETcaD) was used to enhance protein sequence coverage, identification confidence and quantitative abundance determination. Using stringent criteria, 3584 distinct proteins could be identified from the latest well-annotated Swissprot database (23,000 entries). Commutatively, the over 130,000 identified MS/MS spectra were used to assess concentrations of each identified LV protein through a combination of spectral counting methods. Among the most concentrated proteins, many currently used biomarkers for detection of myocardial infarction reside. These cardiac leakage markers have a good diagnostic power, but their prognostic potential seems limited. Discovery of markers that represent etiological determinants of cardiac disease require a shift of focus towards the signaling proteome. Therefore, a protein-class centered quantitative analysis of kinases, phosphatases and GTPases was adopted. These comparative analyses revealed many cardiac involved kinases (PKA, CaMKII, ERK) to reside among the most abundant signaling proteins, and also to mediate many observed in vivo phosphorylation sites. The abundance chart of signaling proteins may assist in identifying novel functional pathways, for instance through the abundant, but relatively little known, kinases STK38L and OXSR1. The obtained quantitative protein library of the human left ventricle is a valuable resource to isolate signaling based, putative biomarkers with concentrations likely to be detectable in plasma.
RETRACTED: Contribution of the PI3K/Akt/PKB signal pathway to maintenance of self‐renewal in human embryonic stem cells (2004)

Although basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is generally included in the media for maintenance of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the action of FGF2 in these cells has not been well defined. Here, we determined the roles of FGF2 in maintaining hESC self-renewal. Withdrawal of FGF2 from the media led to acquisition of typical differentiated characteristics in hESCs. In the presence of FGF2, which is normally required for proliferation in an undifferentiated state, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/PKB signal stimulated differentiation and attenuated the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. We suggest that FGF2 maintains hESC self-renewal by supporting stable expression of ECM molecules through activation of the PI3K/Akt/PKB pathway.
AIDS, STDs encourage use of barrier methods. (1993)

Condom use in the Dominican Republic is being promoted, in part due to the spread of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 90% of the married women using contraception prefer sterilization, oral contraceptives, IUDs, subdermal implants, or injectables. Barrier methods have never been very popular (5%). Cultural bias may account for some of the avoidance of barrier methods. Men complain about the effects on pleasure and spontaneity. There is uncertainty about what emphasis family planning (FP) programs should place on STD prevention; STD services would make FP popular but also could strain existing services and financial resources. Educational efforts to encourage barrier use are hampered by the lack of access to indoor plumbing, since most barrier methods are messy. Cost may be another limitation on widespread use. PROFAMILIA has been active in promoting the diaphragm and spermicide use. Counseling includes the new vaginal contraceptive film that contains a N-9 spermicide that dissolves on contact. Demand for the film is just now appearing. Research is needed to determine what degree of protection is provided against HIV infections. The female condom is still expensive and men may also find this method objectionable. Pharmacies are the chief source of barrier methods, but pharmacies do not provide counseling. Efforts have been made to teach sex workers with contraceptive messages. Free condoms have been offered in hourly rate hotels since 1987. A study of condom use within these hotels found that most people do not use the condoms (12%) usage. The range of usage varied with the quality of the hotel; condom use was greatest at more expensive ones (28% versus 5% at cheap hotels). A survey of use of instructional materials left in hotels found that 25% of the customers took the printed materials.
Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of (±)‐Schindilactone A, Part 1: Construction of the ABC and FGH Ring Systems and Initial Attempts to Construct the CDEF Ring System (2012)

First-generation synthetic strategies for the diastereoselective total synthesis of schindilactone A (1) are presented and methods for the synthesis of the ABC, FGH, and CDEF moieties are explored. We have established a method for the synthesis of the ABC moiety, which included both a Diels-Alder reaction and a ring-closing metathesis as the key steps. We have also developed a method for the synthesis of the FGH moiety, which involved the use of a Pauson-Khand reaction and a carbonylative annulation reaction as the key steps. Furthermore, we have achieved the construction of the central 7-8 bicyclic ring system by using a [3,3]-rearrangement as the key step. However, unfortunately, when this rearrangement reaction was applied to the construction of the more advanced CDEF moiety, the anticipated annulation reaction did not occur and the development of an alternative synthetic strategy would be required for the construction of this central core.
Optimum waveform design and its effect on the peak shift compensation (1977)

An equalization method of reducing peak shift caused by the intersymbol interference is presented to obtain high density digital magnetic recording. First, a new ideal frequency characteristic is determined to get an impulse response free from peak shift. Then, using the equalizer that gives this response, the extent of the peak shift compensation is simulated with a computer. When a 2200BPI (FM) disk unit is used to double the bit density with MFM, it is found that the peak-shift in the worst case is only 8.4% of the full phase margin. Here, other parameters such as RPM, remain constants. However, as the application of the equalizer increases the noise power, signal to noise ratio of the input signal is required to be sufficiently high. When the equalizer is applied to a 4040BPI (MFM) disk unit at the same density, phase margin for data separation increases, because the decrease in peak shift seems to be greater than the increase in the noise power.
Acute esophageal necrosis occurring in a patient undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (2014)

Acute esophageal necrosis is uncommon in the literature. Its etiology is unknown, although cardiovascular disease, hemodynamic compromise, gastric outlet obstruction, alcohol ingestion, hypoxemia, hypercoagulable state, infection, and trauma have all been suggested as possible causes. A 67-year-old female underwent a coronary angiography (CAG) for evaluation of chest pain. CAG findings showed coronary three-vessel disease. We planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary arterial dissection during the PCI led to sudden hypotension. Six hours after the index procedure, the patient experienced a large amount of hematemesis. Emergency gastrofibroscopy was performed and showed mucosal necrosis with a huge adherent blood clot in the esophagus. After conservative treatment for 3 months, the esophageal lesion was completely improved. She was diagnosed with acute esophageal necrosis. We report herein a case of acute esophageal necrosis occurring in a patient undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
New Shock Resistant Cement Reduces the Required Time for Side-Tracking from KickOff Cement Plugs (2003)

Abstract The process of sidetracking an existing borehole with a balanced cement plug has historically been time consuming and problematic for the drilling industry. In many instances long drilling times or even multiple plugs are required to achieve the objective of sidetracking the well. These problems lead to increased drilling time and increased cost for the operator. Traditional cement slurry systems for sidetrack applications have been focused on the development of high compressive strength through reduced water content. Conventional high compressive strength cement systems exhibit low resistance to impact and low resistance to fracture propagation through the set cement. Recent developments in oil well cement system have incorporated a unique micro-ribbon technology with an optimized particle size distribution to increase the durability, load bearing capacity and resistance to fracture propagation of set cement. Field tests with these cement systems have shown substantial improvements over conventional cement slurries in terms of plug success rate and time required to achieve the objective of sidetracking the well. These improvements have resulted in significant reductions in the total cost of the operation of sidetracking wells. This paper will discuss the improved mechanical properties of these new cement systems and the success of the numerous field tests
GPPS: A Gaussian Process Positioning System for Cellular Networks (2003)

In this article, we present a novel approach to solving the localization problem in cellular networks. The goal is to estimate a mobile user&apos;s position, based on measurements of the signal strengths received from network base stations. Our solution works by building Gaussian process models for the distribution of signal strengths, as obtained in a series of calibration measurements. In the localization stage, the user&apos;s position can be estimated by maximizing the likelihood of received signal strengths with respect to the position. We investigate the accuracy of the proposed approach on data obtained within a large indoor cellular network.
Optimization of Material Removal Rate in Micro-EDM Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms (2010)

The present work reports on the development of modeling and optimization for micro-electric discharge machining (μ-EDM) process. Artificial neural network (ANN) is used for analyzing the material removal of µ-EDM to establish the parameter optimization model. A feed forward neural network with back propagation algorithm is trained to optimize the number of neurons and number of hidden layers to predict a better material removal rate. A neural network model is developed using MATLAB programming, and the trained neural network is simulated. When experimental and network model results are compared for the performance considered, it is observed that the developed model is within the limits of the agreeable error. Then, genetic algorithms (GAs) have been employed to determine optimum process parameters for any desired output value of machining characteristics. This well-trained neural network model is shown to be effective in estimating the MRR and is improved using optimized machining parameters.
The Comparison of Crowd Counting Algorithms based on Computer Vision (2019)

This paper aims to compare the three mainstream solutions for today's crowd counting and analyze the highlights of each model. In MCNN, they proposed a multi-column parallel convolutional neural network structure that generates population density maps by adapting crowd changes caused by camera view-points and resolution using filters with different size receptive fields. In Switch-CNN, they added a density classifier to the MCNN to enable the use of local density changes in the crowd. In CSRNet, they abandoned the structure of a multi-column convolutional neural network, using the first ten layers of VGG-16 as the front part and the convolutional neural network as the latter part. From the analysis results, CSRNet shows advanced performance. In addition, we analyzed the comparison results of three convolutional neural networks, and derived the trend of convolutional neural network structure.
Gefitinib (Iressa) represses FOXM1 expression via FOXO3a in breast cancer (2009)

Gefitinib (Iressa) is a specific and effective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. An understanding of the downstream cellular targets of gefitinib will allow the discovery of biomarkers for predicting outcomes and monitoring anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapies and provide information for overcoming gefitinib resistance. In this study, we investigated the role and regulation of FOXM1 in response to gefitinib treatment in breast cancer. Using the gefitinib-sensitive breast carcinoma cell lines BT474 and SKBR3 as well as the resistant lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-453, we showed that gefitinib represses the expression of the transcription factor FOXM1 in sensitive, but not resistant, cells. FOXM1 repression by gefitinib is associated with FOXO3a activation and is mediated at the transcriptional level and gene promoter level. These results were verified by immunohistochemical staining of biopsy samples from primary breast cancer patients obtained from a gefitinib neoadjuvant study. We also showed that ectopic expression of an active FOXO3a represses FOXM1 expression, whereas knockdown of FOXO3a expression using small interfering RNA can up-regulate FOXM1 and its downstream targets polo-like kinase, cyclin B1, and CDC25B and rescue sensitive BT474 cells from gefitinib-induced cell proliferative arrest. These results suggest that gefitinib represses FOXM1 expression via FOXO3a in breast cancer. We further showed that overexpression of a wild-type FOXM1 or a constitutively active FOXM1, DeltaN-FOXM1, abrogates the cell death induced by gefitinib, indicating that FOXM1 has a functional role in mediating the gefitinib-induced proliferative arrest and in determining sensitivity to gefitinib. In summary, our study defined FOXM1 as a cellular target and marker of gefitinib activity in breast cancer.
Direct Synthesis of Nanowires with Anatase and TiO<sub>2</sub>-B Structures at near Ambient Conditions (2006)

In this study, we present a new approach toward titanium oxide nanowires. In this approach, the growth formation of the wires sets in at a temperature as low as 40 degrees C under ambient pressure. Moreover, we provide evidence that nanowires with distinctive TiO2-anatase and TiO2-B structures can be directly produced without further thermal treatment using controlled reaction conditions.
Weldability and Electrode Wear Characteristics of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel With and Without a Ferrophos Containing Primer (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This study examined the effect of primers containing a conductive pigment on the resistance spot weldability of hot-dip galvanized steel. The pigment used was ferrophos, essentially Di-iron phosphide. Basically, two types of tests were used in this work. Current range tests were used to establish the effect these primers have on the effective ranges of weldability. Limited electrode life tests were used to infer the long term performance of the hot-dip galvanized steels with and without this paint.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It was found that the addition of the Ferrophos bearing paints had pronounced effects on weldability. Typically, required current levels were reduced by several thousand amps, and effective current ranges were increased by 50 to 100 percent.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">During electrode life testing significant reductions were also noted both in the rates of electrode face diameter increase, and the degree of electrode pitting. In addition, improvements were noted in the degree of current range shifts for a given level of electrode wear.</div>
Explainable and Explicit Visual Reasoning Over Scene Graphs (2019)

We aim to dismantle the prevalent black-box neural architectures used in complex visual reasoning tasks, into the proposed eXplainable and eXplicit Neural Modules (XNMs), which advance beyond existing neural module networks towards using scene graphs - objects as nodes and the pairwise relationships as edges - for explainable and explicit reasoning with structured knowledge. XNMs allow us to pay more attention to teach machines how to "think'', regardless of what they "look''. As we will show in the paper, by using scene graphs as an inductive bias, 1) we can design XNMs in a concise and flexible fashion, i.e., XNMs merely consist of 4 meta-types, which significantly reduce the number of parameters by 10 to 100 times, and 2) we can explicitly trace the reasoning-flow in terms of graph attentions. XNMs are so generic that they support a wide range of scene graph implementations with various qualities. For example, when the graphs are detected perfectly, XNMs achieve 100% accuracy on both CLEVR and CLEVR CoGenT, establishing an empirical performance upper-bound for visual reasoning; when the graphs are noisily detected from real-world images, XNMs are still robust to achieve a competitive 67.5% accuracy on VQAv2.0, surpassing the popular bag-of-objects attention models without graph structures.
Depth-guided adaptive contrast enhancement using 2D histograms (2014)

A novel contrast enhancement (CE) algorithm using 2-dimensional (2D) histograms, which transforms pixel values adaptively based on the depth information, is proposed in this work. In general, foreground objects convey more important visual information than background regions. Hence we assign high CE priorities to foreground pixels using the depth values and generate a depth-guided 2D histogram. Then, we stretch the gray-level differences of adjacent foreground pixels more strongly than those of adjacent background pixels. Moreover, to enhance background regions as well, we design two transformation functions for the foreground and the background separately. By combining the two functions according to pixel depths, we obtain an adaptive space-variant transformation function, which is finally used to reconstruct the output image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional CE algorithms by enhancing salient foreground objects efficiently and preserving background details faithfully.