gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructural study of Bi(2223)/Ag tapes with J<sub>c</sub>(77 K, 0 T) values of up to 3.3*10<sup>4</sup>A cm<sup>-2</sup> (1991)

Microstructural properties and their influence on Jc have been studied in detail on Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes prepared by the powder-in-tube method. The present study centres on two important factors for the achievement of high Jc values: (1) The liquid phase reaction during the (2223) phase formation at 847 degrees C for the composition Bi1.72Pb0.34Sr1.83Ca1.97Cu3.13Ox leads to better connectivity between the (2223) platelets, thus considerably improving Jc (77 K, 0 T): single phase (2223) packing powders formed no liquid during the heat treatment and therefore reached Jc values of only up to 1*104 A cm-2 while multiphase calcined packing powders showed higher Jc values, of 2.6*104 A cm-2. (2) The degree of texturing of the a-b planes in the (2223) platelets varies throughout the oxide layer. The highest degree is found at the Ag/(2223) interface. It gradually decreases towards the centre of the oxide layer. Mixing of Ag powders with the packing powders enhanced Jc up to 3.3*104 A cm-2, due either to the enhanced interface area or to the prevention of cracks during the cooling process. The effect of the powder packing density was also studied: higher packing density (80%) was found to lead to higher Jc values in the oxide layer up to 60 mu m thickness with a regular shape of the cross section.
Diastereoselective Tandem 6-<i>e</i><i>xo</i>Carbolithiation Intramolecular Ring Opening in (−)-8-Aminomenthol-Derived Perhydrobenzoxazines. A New Synthesis of Enantiopure 4-Substituted Tetrahydro Isoquinolines and 2-Azabenzonorbornanes (2001)

Aryllithiums prepared by bromine-lithium interchange in chiral 2-(o-bromophenyl)-substituted perhydro-1,3-benzoxazines participate in the intramolecular 6-exo carbolithiation reaction with unactivated double bonds attached to the nitrogen substituent of the heterocycle. When the reaction time is extended or no TMEDA is used, the cyclized lithium intermediates react intramolecularly with the N,O-acetal system leading to 2-azabenzonorbornane derivatives. The reactions are highly stereoselective and constitute a high-yielding synthesis of enantiopure 4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines or 7-substituted 2-azabenzonorbornanes.
Reflections on Judging: A Discussion following the Release of the Blackmun Papers (2005)

Justice Blackmun's papers were opened to the public on March 4, 2004, the fifth anniversary of his death. Held in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, the collection includes over half a million items, many handwritten by Justice Blackmun. Anyone can read them. For legal scholars, this kind of research can only be described as exhilarating and many of the articles in this symposium draw on research from Justice Blackmun's papers. For the public, the release comes at a time when the interest in judges is particularly acute.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF NON-TUNGSTEN ELECTRO-SPARK COATINGS ON HIGH SPEED STEEL (2017)

In this work contactless local electro spark deposition (LESD), has been used to received wear resistant coatings from hard alloys based of ТiC, TiN, TiCN onto high speed steel HS6–5–2. The influence of the operating electric parameters and the electrode materials on the roughness, thickness, microhardness, phase composition, and on the structure of resulting coatings was studied. The impact of different electrode materials on the quality characteristics, the composition and structure of the resulting coatings has been found. The technological parameters of the LESD process for the formation of coatings with a predefined roughness, thickness, composition and structure has been determined.
Sub-100 nm nMOSFETs with direct tunneling thermal, nitrous and nitric oxides (2002)

Performance and reliability of sub-100 nm gate length devices using a dual gate and shallow trench isolated CMOS technology were investigated. Ultra-thin direct tunneling (DT) thermal, nitrous and nitric oxides as thin as 1.3 nm are used. Only N-MOS device results are reported here. The ultra thin LPT gate oxides are produced by a furnace oxidation with a dilute oxygen flow. Nitrous and nitric oxides are formed respectively by N/sub 2/O and NO treatments. The sub-100 nm gate length is realized by a resist trimming technique combined with deep ultraviolet lithography. For the 90 nm gate length (CD SEM) MOSFET with 2.2 nm physical thickness (TEM) of nitrous oxide on the source/drain (S/D) area produced here, the poly profile is almost vertical and the poly gate etch has high selectivity to avoid S/D gate oxide pitting, even with oxide thickness down to 1.3 nm.
Active-Reactive Optimal Power Flow in Distribution Networks With Embedded Generation and Battery Storage (2012)

Due to environmental and fuel cost concerns more and more wind- and solar-based generation units are embedded in distribution networks (DNs). However, a part of such an embedded generation would be curtailed due to system constraints and variations of the energy penetration. This part of energy can be recovered by introducing energy storage systems (ESSs) and an optimal dispatch of both active and reactive powers. Therefore, we propose a combined problem formulation for active-reactive optimal power flow (A-R-OPF) in DNs with embedded wind generation and battery storage. The solution provides an optimal operation strategy which ensures the feasibility and enhances the profit significantly. Results of a 41-bus distribution network are presented. It can be demonstrated that more than 12% of energy losses and a large amount of reactive energy to be imported from the transmission network (TN) can be reduced using the proposed approach in comparison to the operation strategy where only active OPF is considered.
A secured video streaming system (2010)

The Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) service provides rich multimedia services over IP networks and is considered as a potential killer application over the Internet. The intellectual property management protocol (IPMP) system becomes important in developing this network media applications. In this paper, security function, media streaming service system and the user terminal that adopted IPMP are seamlessly integrated to provide a secured live media streaming service. In addition, the peer-to-peer (P2P) network connecting method between user terminals is also developed to provide a stable P2P IPTV system. For one incoming peer, the IPTV system would select a parent peer with low-delay and with better uplink capability than the incoming peer. It would help to maintain a stable media streaming framework. When one peer want to leave the system, it has to look for each children peer and designate a new parent peer according to above rules before updating the parent peer parameter of current one. In addition, the system can adjust the streaming bandwidth of media server to absorb the dynamic network conditions. For security control, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption is adopted in our system, in which the certificate is encrypted with the regular updated Digital Video Broadcasting-Common Scrambling Algorithm (DVBCSA) keys to prevent possible attacks. Experiments show that average bit rate and transmission delay can be maintained in good performances even when most peers are with low uplink capability.
Sequestration of Copper from β-Amyloid Promotes Selective Lysis by Cyclen-Hybrid Cleavage Agents (2008)

Decelerated degradation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) and its interaction with synaptic copper may be pathogenic in Alzheimer disease. Recently, Co(III)-cyclen tagged to an aromatic recognition motif was shown to degrade Abeta in vitro. Here, we report that apocyclen attached to selective Abeta recognition motifs (KLVFF or curcumin) can capture copper bound to Abeta and use the Cu(II) in place of Co(III) to become proteolytically active. The resultant complexes interfere with Abeta aggregation, degrade Abeta into fragments, preventing H2O2 formation and toxicity in neuronal cell culture. Because Abeta binds Cu in amyloid plaques, apocyclen-tagged targeting molecules may be a promising approach to the selective degradation of Abeta in Alzheimer disease. The principle of copper capture could generalize to other amyloidoses where copper is implicated.
Use of Aryl Azide Cross-Linkers To Investigate Protein-Protein Interactions: An Optimization of Important Conditions as Applied to Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase and Localization of a .sigma.70-.alpha. Cross-Link to the C-Terminal Region of .alpha. (1994)

In an effort to better understand protein-protein photoaffinity cross-linking using aryl azides, we have tested a number of factors influencing the cross-linking of the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to core RNA polymerase. These factors include the effect of the incubations necessary for the derivatization of the protein on enzyme activity, the effect of overhead lighting on azide stability, the effect of reducing agents on azide stability, aggregation of the derivatized protein, and a comparison of two types of aryl azide cross-linkers, N-[(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)oxy]succinimide (ANB-NOS) and (N-hydroxysuccinimidyl)-4-azidosalicylic acid (NHS-ASA). We found that derivatization proceeds effectively in a buffer similar to the buffer used during protein purification, that overderivatization can cause protein aggregation, that room lighting does not appreciably destroy aryl azides, and that 0.1 mM DTT is a better choice of reducing agent than 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. The cross-link products were separated by SDS gel electrophoresis and identified on Western blots by cross-reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to the individual subunits of RNA polymerase. In agreement with previous work (Coggins et al., 1977; Hillel & Wu, 1977), it was possible to cross-link sigma 70 to all three of the subunits of RNA polymerase. With a combination of gel analysis, chemical cleavage, and immunodetection, it is possible to demonstrate that sigma 70 cross-links to the alpha subunit between residues 209 and 329.
Communicating Timed Automata: The More Synchronous, the More Difficult to Verify (2006)

We study channel systems whose behaviour (sending and receiving messages via unbounded FIFO channels) must follow given timing constraints specifying the execution speeds of the local components. We propose Communicating Timed Automata (CTA) to model such systems. The goal is to study the borderline between decidable and undecidable classes of channel systems in the timed setting. Our technical results include: (1) CTA with one channel without shared states in the form (A_1,A_2, c_1,2) is equivalent to one-counter machine, implying that verification problems such as checking state reachability and channel boundedness are decidable, and (2) CTA with two channels without sharing states in the form (A_1,A_2,A_3, c_1,2,c_2,3) has the power of Turing machines. Note that in the untimed setting, these systems are no more expressive than finite state machines. We show that the capability of synchronizing on time makes it substantially more difficult to verify channel systems.
Efficacy and safety of valdecoxib in treating the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled comparison with placebo and naproxen (2002)

Single daily doses of valdecoxib 10, 20 and 40 mg demonstrated efficacy that was superior to placebo and similar to naproxen in treating the signs and symptoms of RA. All three doses provided similar levels of efficacy.
Optical properties of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tl</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>(1) center in KCl (1983)

We report both experimental and theoretical studies of the ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{0}$(1) center in KCl, a center consisting of a neutral Tl atom perturbed by the field of an adjacent anion vacancy. Absorption bands peaking at 1040, 720, 550, and 340 nm are all shown to belong to the ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{0}$(1) center. The relatively weak ($f\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.01$) bands at 1040 and 720 nm correspond to absorptions terminating on the crystal-field-split components of the ${6}^{2}{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ level, while the stronger band at 550 nm corresponds to transition to a state derived largely from ${7}^{2}{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$. The sole luminescence band is the laser-active band having 1.6-\ensuremath{\mu}sec decay time and peaking at 1520 nm. The model presented here can account for the transition energies of the $6p$ manifold, including the Stokes shift between absorption (at 1040 nm) and luminescence, as well as the polarization properties and relative oscillator strengths of the 1040-, 720-, and 550-nm bands.
A 6 GHz 68 mW BiCMOS phase-locked loop (1994)

The design of a 6 GHz fully monolithic phase-locked loop fabricated in a 1 /spl mu/m, 20 GHz BiCMOS technology is described. The circuit incorporates a voltage-controlled oscillator that senses and combines the transitions in a ring oscillator to achieve a period equal to two ECL gate delays. A mixer topology is also used that exhibits full symmetry with respect to its inputs and operates with supply voltages as low as 1.5 V. Dissipating 60 mW from a 2 V supply, the circuit has a tracking range of 300 MHz, an rms jitter of 3.1 ps, and phase noise of -75 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>X+</i>: a comprehensive computationally accelerated structure analysis tool for solution X-ray scattering from supramolecular self-assemblies (2010)

X+ is a user-friendly multi-core accelerated program that fully analyses solution X-ray scattering radially integrated images. This software is particularly useful for analysing supramolecular self-assemblies, often found in biology, and for reconstructing the scattering signal in its entirety. The program enables various ways of subtracting background noise. The user selects a geometric model and defines as many layers of that shape as needed. The thickness and electron density of each layer are the fitting parameters. An initial guess is input by the user and the program calculates the form-factor parameters that best fit the data. The polydispersity of one size parameter at a time can be taken into account. The program can then address the assembly of those shapes into different lattice symmetries. This is accounted for by fitting the parameters of the structure factor, using various peak line shapes. The models of the program and selected features are presented. Among them are the model-fitting procedure, which includes both absolute and relative constraints, data smoothing, signal decomposition for separation of form and structure factors, goodness-of-fit verification procedures, error estimation, and automatic feature recognition in the data, such as correlation peaks and baseline. The program's intuitive graphical user interface runs on Windows PCs. Using X+ , the exact structure of a microtubule in a crowded environment, and the structure, domain size, and elastic and interaction parameters of lipid bilayers, were obtained.
Highly Conductive New Aniline Copolymers Containing Butylthio Substituent (2000)

Highly conductive new aniline copolymers containing butylthio substituent have been first prepared from unsubstituted polyaniline, utilizing a concurrent reduction and substitution reaction performed in the solid-state matrix of polyaniline. The resultant copolymer film after one reaction treatment cycle was found to contain ca. 38 mol % of butylthio group and was as conductive (3−4 S/cm) as its parent polyaniline film (2−3 S/cm). Most surprisingly, copolymers containing butylthio group as high as 91 and 121 mol % (based on atomic ratio S/N measured by XPS) can also be easily prepared and still displayed a conductivity as high as 1 and 0.6 S/cm, respectively, despite the presence of the large amount of bulky butylthio substituent. All these new butylthioaniline copolymers are highly soluble in THF, dioxane, 2-methoxyethyl ether, and 2-methoxyethanol, which are nonsolvents for the parent polyaniline. The results suggest that the concurrent reduction and substitution route is a better way, as compared with the conventional copolymerization method, for preparing aniline copolymers with a more conjugated and regular backbone structure.
High-resolution absorption cross sections of formaldehyde at wavelengths from 313 to 320 nm (2004)

Absorption cross sections have been measured for the 2(0)(2)4(0)(3) and 2(0)(3)4(0)(1) vibrational bands of the [formula: see text] electronic transition of formaldehyde in the wavelength range 313-320 nm. Accurate values are of considerable importance for atmospheric monitoring and to understand the photochemistry of this compound. The 0.10 cm(-1) FWHM wavenumber resolution of the experiments is determined by the bandwidth of the ultraviolet laser used, and is a factor of 10 or more higher than any previously reported data. The absorption cross section data are thus obtained at a spectrometer resolution close to the Doppler broadening limit at 294 K of 0.07 cm(-1) FWHM, for isolated rotational lines, but lifetime broadening effects contribute a further approximately 0.5 cm(-1) of width. Our spectral resolution is thus higher than required to resolve the sharpest spectral features and, as a consequence, the cross sections peak at greater values than previous studies of these structured rovibronic bands conducted at much lower spectrometer resolutions. Previous data can be quantitatively reproduced by convolution of the newly obtained spectra with lower-resolution instrument functions. Pressure broadening of regions of the spectra in the presence of up to 500 Torr of N2 is examined and the effects on peak absorption cross sections are very small. The influence of reduced temperature on the spectrum is also explored through experimental measurements and spectral simulations.
Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using <i>N</i>-Aryl Phenoxazines as Photoredox Catalysts (2016)

N-Aryl phenoxazines have been synthesized and introduced as strongly reducing metal-free photoredox catalysts in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization for the synthesis of well-defined polymers. Experiments confirmed quantum chemical predictions that, like their dihydrophenazine analogs, the photoexcited states of phenoxazine photoredox catalysts are strongly reducing and achieve superior performance when they possess charge transfer character. We compare phenoxazines to previously reported dihydrophenazines and phenothiazines as photoredox catalysts to gain insight into the performance of these catalysts and establish principles for catalyst design. A key finding reveals that maintenance of a planar conformation of the phenoxazine catalyst during the catalytic cycle encourages the synthesis of well-defined macromolecules. Using these principles, we realized a core substituted phenoxazine as a visible light photoredox catalyst that performed superior to UV-absorbing phenoxazines as well as previously reported organic photocatalysts in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization. Using this catalyst and irradiating with white LEDs resulted in the production of polymers with targeted molecular weights through achieving quantitative initiator efficiencies, which possess dispersities ranging from 1.13 to 1.31.
Methodological challenges in utilizing mi<scp>RNA</scp>s as circulating biomarkers (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The discovery of their presence not only in tissues but also in extratissular fluids, including blood, urine and cerebro-spinal fluid, together with their changes in expression in various pathological conditions, has implicated these extracellular miRNAs as informative biomarkers of disease. However, exploiting miRNAs in this capacity requires methodological rigour. Here, we report several key procedural aspects of miRNA isolation from plasma and serum, as exemplified by research in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. We also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various profiling methods to determine the expression levels of plasma- and serum-derived miRNAs. Attention to such methodological details is critical, as circulating miRNAs become diagnostic tools for various human diseases.
Human leukocyte antigen-G expression in differentiated human airway epithelial cells: lack of modulation by Th2-associated cytokines (2013)

These data demonstrate the constitutive expression of a T lymphocyte regulatory molecule in differentiated human airway epithelial cells that is not modulated by Th2-associated cytokines.
Precision Airdrop (Largage de precision) (2005)

This AGARDograph describes the basic principles and testing considerations for precision airdrop systems. A variety of precision airdrop systems available as commercial-off-the-shelf and others in various stages of development will be described in general terms. Some of the systems described are currently in use while other systems are in development. This report also concentrates on the aircraft navigation to the airdrop release point and on the trajectory control and concepts of air dropped payloads to enable accurate ground impacts. In addition, the report outlines the need for precision airdrop systems and introduces the reader to potential Concepts of Operations. A list of useful reference documents is included in the report. These can be helpful to the reader looking for appropriate details if the full background should be needed for information contained in this AGARDograph.
Selected pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid in normal pressure hydrocephalus. (2014)

CSF can better show the neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 may be helpful in NPH diagnostics.
Some Photographic Studies of the Light Output of an Intracavity-Modulated Gas Maser (1965)

Using a high-speed rotating mirror to sweep the image, we photographed the light output from a helium-neon gas maser with and without intracavity modulation at the locking frequency f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> , which corresponds to the reciprocal of the round-trip travel time for light within the maser, and which also equals the cavity mode spacing. When the maser was locked, the photographic record showed regular pulses. The light level was 1,500 times the minimum required to record individual dots. When the maser was not locked, the photographs showed beats at harmonics of the mode spacing. The amplitudes of the beat frequencies varied most irregularly from moment to moment, sometimes changing noticeably in less than half a microsecond and radically in less than a millisecond. — We found no evidence of reciprocity failure for Eastman Kodak Type 1F emulsion to the accuracy of the energy measurements (i.e., to a factor of 2 up or down from the mean), for exposure times from 1 nanosec to 30 sec.