gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-Independent Metamaterial Analog of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency for a Refractive-Index-Based Sensor (2012)

A polarization-independent metamaterial analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at microwave frequencies for normal incidence and linearly polarized waves is experimentally and numerically demonstrated. The metamaterial consists of coupled “bright” split-ring resonators (SRRs) and “dark” spiral resonators (SRs) with virtually equal resonance frequencies. Normally incident plane waves with linear polarization strongly couple to the SRR, but are weakly interacting with the SR, regardless of the polarization state. A sharp transmission peak (i.e., the transparency window) with narrow spectral width and slow wave property is observed for the metamaterial at the resonant frequency of both, the bright SRR and the dark SR. The influence of the coupling strength between the SRR and SR on the frequency, width, magnitude, and quality factor of the metamaterial's transparency window is theoretically predicted by a two-particle model, and numerically validated using full-wave electromagnetic simulation. In addition, it is numerically demonstrated that the EIT-like metamaterial can be employed as a refractive-index-based sensor with a sensitivity of 77.25 mm/RIU, which means that the resonance wavelength of the sensor shifts 77.25 mm per unit change of refractive index of the surrounding medium.
Impact of Application Temperature on Broadleaf Herbicide Efficacy (2016)

Cold air temperatures at the time of herbicide application are generally thought to decrease efficacy of systemic herbicides. Contact herbicides such as carfentrazone and sulfentrazone combined with systemic herbicides may provide an increased level of weed control when applied at cold air temperatures compared to products containing only systemic ones. Identical herbicide treatments were made at air temperatures of approximately 7 C (45 F) and 18 C (65 F) in four different trials. Control of ivyleaf speedwell, common chickweed, henbit, purple deadnettle, and white clover was evaluated. In general, warm temperature applications initially provided better weed control during the first week after treatment (WAT). By 2 to 3 WAT though, air temperature at the time of application generally did not affect overall weed control. In study 1, at 56 days after treatment (DAT) regardless of air temperature at application, all tested herbicides provided 86% or greater control of ivyleaf speedwell ( Veronica hederifolia L.), and 98% or greater control of henbit ( Lamium amplexicaule L.), with the exception of Trimec Classic, which did not provide acceptable control of henbit. Common chickweed ( Stellaria media L.) control with combination treatments containing carfentrazone or sulfentrazone was similar at both temperature regimes, with control of 95% or greater, averaged across application air temperature. In study 2, after higher initial control with warm temperature treatments during the first WAT, Powerzone and Speedzone provided the highest level of control of ivyleaf speedwell and purple deadnettle at 35 DAT with no difference noted between air temperatures at application. Control of ivyleaf speedwell and purple deadnettle ( Lamium purpureum L.) with Powerzone was 85 and 82%, respectively, averaged across temperature applications, while Speedzone controlled these two weed species 88 and 92%, respectively. In general, herbicides evaluated provided similar weed control at approximately 50 DAT when applied at warm or cold temperatures. Only for common chickweed control in trial 3 was there a significant interaction between temperature and herbicide treatment when evaluated 50 DAT. In that study, Speedzone and Trimec Classic gave greater control at warm compared to cold temperature application. Herbicides containing carfentrazone plus ester forms of 2,4-D or MCPA provided the highest levels of control.
Clinical Use of Loop Gain Measures to Determine Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Efficacy in Patients with Complex Sleep Apnea. A Pilot Study (2015)

In this pilot study, loop gain was higher for patients with complex sleep apnea in whom central apneas persisted after 1 month of CPAP therapy (nonresponders). Loop gain measurement may enable an a priori determination of those who need alternative modes of positive airway pressure.
Optimizing the catalyst distribution for countercurrent methane steam reforming in plate reactors (2010)

Abstract Microscale autothermal reactors remain one of the most promising technologies for efficient hydrogen generation. The typical reactor design alternates microchannels where reforming and catalytic combustion of methane occur, so that exothermic and endothermic reactions take place in close proximity. The influence of flow arrangement on the autothermal coupling of methane steam reforming and methane catalytic combustion in catalytic plate reactors is investigated. The reactor thermal behavior and performance for cocurrent and countercurrent are simulated and compared. A partial overlapping of the catalyst zones in adjacent exothermic and endothermic channels is shown to avoid both severe temperature excursions and reactor extinction. Using an innovative, optimization‐based approach for determining the catalyst zone overlap, a solution is provided to the problem of determining the maximum reactor conversion within specified temperature bounds, designed to preserve reactor integrity and operational safety. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
An Efficient Natural-Looking Color Fusion Method of Infrared and Visible Images (2006)

A novel contrast enhanced fusion (CEF) method is presented for merging infrared and color visible images. The method transforms the original RGB color visible image into a perceptually decorrelated color space in order to treat the achromatic and chromatic components separately. The achromatic component and infrared image are combined by a grayscale fusion scheme, and the original achromatic component is replaced by the grayscale fused image. Before the data are retransformed back into the RGB color space, the means and variances between the original achromatic component and the grayscale fused image are matched by a linear remapping. The remapping procedure can fairly enhance the contrast of the final color fused image. We used the CEF method to merge long wave infrared and color TV images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively produce a high-contrast color fused image with the similar natural characteristics as the original color visible image
<title>Real-time optical fuel-to-air ratio sensor for gas turbine combustors</title> (1999)

The measurement of the temporal distribution of fuel in gas turbine combustors is important in considering pollution, combustion efficiency and combustor dynamics and acoustics. Much of the previous work in measuring fuel distributions in gas turbine combustors has focused on the spatial aspect of the distribution. The temporal aspect however, has often been overlooked, even though it is just as important. In part, this is due to the challenges of applying real-time diagnostics techniques in a high pressure and high temperature environment.
Cytokine Gene Expression: Analysis using Northern Blotting, Polymerase Chain Reaction and <i>in situ</i> Hybridization (1991)

We describe here the use of northern blotting, PCR and in situ hybridization for the analysis of cytokine gene expression. These techniques, each with their advantages and disadvantages, have been used to monitor cytokine gene expression in sites of immune reactivity and in the developing thymus. Whilst expression of a gene usually correlates well with protein production from that gene, this may not always be the case. The development of methods to analyze protein production in situ, for instance by immunohistochemistry, together with analysis of mRNA expression will allow us to begin to understand the role of cytokines within the immune system of the intact animal.
Inferring annotations for device drivers from verification histories (2016)

This paper studies and optimizes automated program verification. Detailed reasoning about software behavior is often facilitated by program invariants that hold across all program executions. Finding program invariants is in fact an essential step in automated program verification. Automatic discovery of precise invariants, however, can be very difficult in practice. The problem can be simplified if one has access to a candidate set of assertions (or annotations) and the search for invariants is limited over the space defined by these annotations. Then, the main challenge is to automatically generate quality program annotations. We present an approach that infers program annotations automatically by leveraging the history of verifying related programs. Our algorithm extracts high-quality annotations from previous verification attempts, and then applies them for verifying new programs. We present a case study where we applied our algorithm to Microsoft’s Static Driver Verifier (SDV). SDV is an industrial-strength tool for verification of Windows device drivers that uses manually-tuned heuristics for obtaining a set of annotations. Our technique inferred program annotations comparable in performance to the existing annotations used in SDV that were devised manually by human experts over years. Additionally, the inferred annotations together with the existing ones improved the performance of SDV overall, proving correct 47% of drivers more while running 22% faster in our experiments.
Video visionary: Arents Award recipient Bill Viola found a passion for video in Syracuse that set him on a path to the frontiers of artistic creativity (2010)

MoSt aCClaiMed Video artiSt in tHe World
Reduction of Glycosphingolipid Levels in Lipid Rafts Affects the Expression State and Function of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteins but Does Not Impair Signal Transduction via the T Cell Receptor (2003)

Lipid rafts are highly enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. In contrast to many reports that verify the importance of cholesterol among raft lipid components, studies that address the role of sphingolipids in raft organization and function are scarce. Here, we investigate the role of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in raft structure and raft-mediated signal transduction in T lymphocytes by the usage of a specific GSL synthesis inhibitor, d-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP). Surface GM1 expression and the expression of GSLs in rafts were profoundly reduced by D-PDMP treatment, whereas the expression of other lipid and protein constituents, such as cholesterol, sphingomyelin, Lck, and linker for activation of T cells, was not affected. T cell receptor-mediated signal transduction induced by antigen stimulation or by antibody cross-linking was normal in D-PDMP-treated T cells. In contrast, the signal through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins was clearly augmented by D-PDMP treatment. Moreover, GPI-anchored proteins became more susceptible to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C cleavage in D-PDMP-treated cells, demonstrating that GSL depletion from rafts primarily influences the expression state and function of GPI-anchored proteins. Finally, by comparing the effect of D-PDMP with that of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, we identified that compared with cholesterol depletion, GSL depletion has the opposite effect on the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C sensitivity and signaling ability of GPI-anchored proteins. These results indicate a specific role of GSLs in T cell membrane rafts that is dispensable for T cell receptor signaling but is important for the signal via GPI-anchored proteins.
Intranasal Immunization with Multivalent Group A Streptococcal Vaccines Protects Mice against Intranasal Challenge Infections (2004)

We have previously shown that a hexavalent group A streptococcal M protein-based vaccine evoked bactericidal antibodies after intramuscular injection. In the present study, we show that the hexavalent vaccine formulated with several different mucosal adjuvants and delivered intranasally induced serum and salivary antibodies that protected mice from intranasal challenge infections with virulent group A streptococci. The hexavalent vaccine was formulated with liposomes with or without monophosphorylated lipid A (MPL), cholera toxin B subunit with or without holotoxin, or proteosomes from Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins complexed with lipopolysaccharide from Shigella flexneri. Intranasal immunization with the hexavalent vaccine mixed with these adjuvants resulted in significant levels of antibodies in serum 2 weeks after the final dose. Mean serum antibody titers were equivalent in all groups of mice except those that were immunized with hexavalent protein plus liposomes without MPL, which were significantly lower. Salivary antibodies were also detected in mice that received the vaccine formulated with the four strongest adjuvants. T-cell proliferative assays and cytokine assays using lymphocytes from cervical lymph nodes and spleens from mice immunized with the hexavalent vaccine formulated with proteosomes indicated the presence of hexavalent protein-specific T cells and a Th1-weighted mixed Th1-Th2 cytokine profile. Intranasal immunization with adjuvanted formulations of the hexavalent vaccine resulted in significant levels of protection (80 to 100%) following intranasal challenge infections with type 24 group A streptococci. Our results indicate that intranasal delivery of adjuvanted multivalent M protein vaccines induces protective antibody responses and may provide an alternative to parenteral vaccine formulations.
Improved Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected (3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-4-Amino-3,5-dihydroxypentanoic Acid (ADPA) (2010)

An improved enantioselective synthesis of protected (3S,4S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxypentanoic acid (ADPA) from L-serine has been developed. Enantioselectivity is improved by replacing the methyl ester with the tert-butyl ester and using neutral magnesium salt of esters to give β-keto ester.
What Is Temporal Fine Structure and Why Is It Important? (2014)

Complex sound like speech can be characterized as the sum of number of amplitude-modulated signals representing the outputs of an array of narrow frequency bands. Temporal information at the output of each band can be separated into temporal fine structure (TFS), the rapid oscillations close to the center frequency and temporal envelope (ENV), slower amplitude modulations superimposed on the TFS. TFS information can be carried in the pattern of phase locking to the stimulus waveform, while ENV by the changes in firing rate over time. The relative importance of temporal ENV and TFS information in understanding speech has been studied using various sound-processing techniques. A number of studies demonstrated that ENV cues are associated with speech recognition in quiet, while TFS cues are possibly linked to melody/pitch perception and listening to speech in a competing background. However, there are evidences that recovered ENV from TFS as well as TFS itself may be partially responsible for speech recognition. Current technologies used in cochlear implants (CI) are not efficient in delivering the TFS cues, and new attempts have been made to deliver TFS information into sound-processing strategy in CI. We herein discuss the current updated findings of TFS with a literature review.
Prostate-specific antigen: update 1997. (1997)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important tumor marker for prostate cancer, although it is not a perfect marker as it is not cancer-specific. PSA, a member of the human kallikrein family, is present in two molecular forms in serum: free and complexed to protease inhibitors. PSA is now commonly measured on automated immunoassay systems employing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Results from different assays can vary since some assays are not equimolar and react to the free and complexed forms differently. Utilization of the molecular forms of PSA is one approach to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the PSA assay. Patients with prostate cancer have a greater percentage of PSA bound to alpha1-antichymotripsin (ACT) than those without cancer. Measurement of the free to total PSA ratio in the diagnostic gray zone (usually 4-10 micrograms/liter of total PSA), where prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) overlap, has been shown to eliminate between 16 and 79% of unnecessary biopsies. Free to total PSA cutoffs are influenced by the sensitivity and specificity values chosen, the reflex range for total PSA used, differences in free PSA assays, differences in populations studied, and factors such as total PSA concentrations, age, and prostate gland size. In addition to the molecular forms of PSA, age-specific reference ranges, rate of change of PSA concentrations (PSA velocity), ratio of serum PSA to prostate volume (PSA density), and neural network derived indices have been employed to improve the clinical utility of PSA measurements.
High-Power Side-Diode-Pumped Yb:YAG Laser (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Bruesselbach, D. S. Sumida, R. Reeder, and R. W. Byren, "High-Power Side-Diode-Pumped Yb:YAG Laser," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, C. Pollock and W. Bosenberg, eds., Vol. 10 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper HP3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Resource Allocation for Service Composition in Cloud-based Video Surveillance Platform (2012)

Resource allocation play an important role in service composition for cloud-based video surveillance platform. In this platform, the utilization of computational resources is managed through accessing various services from Virtual Machine (VM) resources. A single service accessed from VMs running inside such a cloud platform may not cater the application demands of all surveillance users. Services require to be modeled as a value added composite service. In order to provide such a composite service to the customer, VM resources need to be utilized optimally so that QoS requirements is fulfilled. In order to optimize the VM resource allocation, we have used linear programming approach as well as heuristics. The simulation results show that our approach outperforms the existing VM allocation schemes in a cloud-based video surveillance environment, in terms of cost and response time.
Performance Analysis of Centralized RAN Deployment with Non-Ideal Fronthaul in LTE-Advanced Networks (2016)

Centralized RAN and baseband pooling architectures are increasingly being seen as the way cellular technologies will be deployed in the future due to a number of advantages they provide to the operator. However, LTE and LTE-Advanced were designed with a distributed architecture in mind. Therefore, there are certain inherent technical issues when the link connecting the baseband and RRU (Remote Radio Unit) has a non-negligible latency. In this paper, we study the impact of this non-ideal fronthaul on the downlink and uplink performance of LTE-Advanced networks. We show that, while the impact on the peak throughput is quite severe, it is more modest when we have a larger number of active UEs. The degradation in performance is larger in the uplink than in the downlink due to the synchronous HARQ mechanism used in LTE uplink. In the downlink, we compare the performance of centralized RAN with that of distributed RAN in case of non-ideal fronthaul (FH) and backhaul (BH), respectively, and determine whether it is better to incur backhaul or fronthaul latency from a performance perspective. In the uplink, we analyze the loss in performance due to fronthaul latency. We have developed a novel look-ahead scheduling scheme that results in significant improvement in performance, especially when the number of active UEs is small.
Channel estimator for OFDM systems with 2-dimensional filtering in the transform domain (2002)

A discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based pilot-assisted channel estimator is presented for OFDM systems operating in frequency-selective time-variant channels. Filtering is done in the transform domain with two separable 1-dimensional filters. A rectangular window is used to filter low energy channel impulse response samples. The window width is chosen to achieve low channel information loss. A Wiener filter is then applied in the time direction for better noise suppression. Frequency responses of all subcarriers are estimated from filtered samples by means of DFT. The parameters of the filters are fixed at the design stage. The estimator has low hardware complexity and low computation load due to simple and non-adaptive structures.
Model-Based Dynamic Power Assessment of Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Different Operating Conditions (2013)

This paper is concerned with model-based dynamic peak-power evaluation for LiNMC and LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> batteries under different operating conditions. The battery test and our prior study on linear-parameter-varying (LPV) battery modeling are briefly introduced. The peak-power estimation method that incorporates an explicit prediction horizon and design constraints on the battery current, voltage, and SOC are elaborated, and its computational load is analyzed. The discharge and charge peak powers are quantitatively assessed under different dynamic characterization tests, in which a comparison with the conventional PNGV-HPPC method and approaches using the less accurate models is conducted. The robustness of the peak-power estimation approach against varying battery temperatures and aging levels is investigated. The methods to improve the credibility of the peak-power assessment in the context of battery degradation are explored.
Structure and Regulation of Rat Liver Microsomal Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Gene (1990)

The cosmid library of rat genomic DNA was screened with the coding region of microsomal stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) cDNA as the probe. Two independent clones having 36 kb (SCDI) and 31 kb (SCDII) of inserts were isolated. Southern mapping analyses revealed that SCDI codes for SCD and SCDII for an SCD-homologue, and that the genes differ markedly in the upstream regulatory regions. Nucleotide sequence analysis of SCDI revealed that the SCD gene is organized with 6 exons and 5 introns spanning about 15 kb, thus coding an mRNA with an open reading frame of 1,074 bp of the desaturase. Transcription starts at 114 by upstream of the translation initiation codon, and 32 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site there is a TATA box. A sequence similar to Fat Specific Element 2 (FSE2), the negative regulatory element of adipocyte differentiation, was present at 45 bp upstream of the TATA box. The tissue distribution and induction due to dietary manipulation of SCDI and SCDII mRNAs as revealed by Northern hybridization were markedly different from each other.