gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The molecular theory of polyelectrolyte solutions with applications to the electrostatic properties of polynucleotides (1978)

Although the importance of the polyelectrolyte character of DNA has been recognized for some time (Felsenfeld & Miles 1967), few of the implications have been explored, primarily because of a lag in translating the breakthroughs in polyelectrolyte theory of the last decade into a form that is well adapted to the analysis of the specialized problems of biophysical chemistry. Perhaps an analogous situation existed in the field of protein chemistry during the period after the formulation and confirmation of the Debye—Hückel theory of ionic solutions but before Scatchard's incorporation of the theory into his analysis of the binding properties of proteins. An achievement for polynucleotide solutions parallel to Scatchard's was recently presented by Record, Lohman, & de Haseth (1976) and further developed and reviewed by Record, Anderson & Lohman (1978).
The Chase Family of Detection Algorithms for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Channels (2008)

We introduce a new family of detectors for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. These detectors are called Chase detectors because they can be interpreted as a translation of the Chase error-control decoding algorithm from time to space. The Chase detector is parameterized by only four parameters; nevertheless, it reduces to a wide range of previously reported MIMO detectors as special cases, including the maximum-likelihood and decision-feedback detectors. The Chase detector defines a simple framework for not only comparing existing MIMO detection algorithms but also proposing new ones. For example, based on the Chase framework, we propose a new detector called B-Chase that performs well on fading channels. Specifically, on a four-input four-output Rayleigh-fading channel with uncoded 16-QAM inputs, one instance of the B-Chase detector falls only 0.4 dB short of the performance of the maximum-likelihood sphere detector while reducing complexity by 68%. Another instance of the B-Chase detector outperforms the BLAST-ordered decision-feedback detector by 4.4 dB while increasing complexity by only 17%.
PHOTO-REALISTIC 3-D RECONSTRUCTION OF CASTLES WITH MULTIPLE- SOURCES IMAGE-BASED TECHNIQUES (2004)

Digitally reconstructing a large and complex heritage site, particularly medieval castles, for documentation, research, and virtual reality simulation is a challenging task. Castles by design contain many lines of defense such as inner and outer rings of walls and are often located on high grounds, surrounded by water or forests. They also have protective entrances, towers, courtyards, and a mixture of large complex buildings. Although laser scanners have many advantages, they may be impractical for reconstructing an entire castle. They are not portable or fast enough and can generate a huge amount of data that is difficult to register and visualize in real time. Therefore, we set out to fully explore the potential of only image-based techniques for modeling castles. We captured aerial and ground-based images and used existing floor plans and limited surveying, which compelled us to develop a technique to assemble and integrate models made from different data sets. We will discuss the issues and problems associated with modeling castles, give details of our approach, and present and evaluate the results of modeling the Stenico castle in Trentino, Italy, as a test-bed.
ONE MAN'S PATH TO RECOVERY (FROM SERIOUS INJURIES SUSTAINED IN AN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT) (1980)

Don Anderson tells of his psychological journey to recovery. As a 21-year-old student, he sustained a broken neck and fractured skull in a 1969 crash which killed four other students in the car. Under the influence of alcohol, the driver of the car was speeding at 80 mph when his car ran into the back of a semi truck traveling at 40 to 45 mph. The incident left Anderson unconscious for seven months; for seven more months he was an inpatient at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, attempting to regain use of the left side of his body which had been partially paralyzed. Anderson relates the changing moods and attitudes of the seriously injured accident victim, indicating that recovery is largely a matter of mental resolve and adjustment. He traces his recovery through the five mental stages cited in Kubler-Ross's book, On Death and Dying: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. He states that acceptance depends on hope supplied by family, friends, religion, and ultimately the person's own inner resources. The long-term impact of such an incident on the family is noted. Today, Anderson is a full-time group benefits analyst for an insurance company. He can walk and can drive a car equipped with a right-hand turn signal level. He has made radio spots for the Rehabilitation Institute promoting safety belt use.
The Power of Affect: Predicting Intention (2002)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> This robust structural modeling study, with over 23,000 responses to 240 advertising messages, found that affect when measured by a visual measure of emotional response dominates over cognition for predicting conative attitude and action.
A continuous‐viewing‐angle‐controllable liquid‐crystal display using a blue‐phase liquid crystal (2011)

Abstract— A continuous‐viewing‐angle‐controllable liquid‐crystal display (LCD) using a blue‐phase liquid crystal is proposed. To realize both wide‐viewing‐angle (WVA) mode and narrow‐viewing‐angle (NVA) mode with a single liquid‐crystal panel, each pixel is divided into a main pixel and a subpixel. The main pixel is for displaying images in both modes. The subpixel is for displaying images in WVA mode and controlling the viewing angle in NVA mode. The device exhibits a good viewing‐angle‐controlling characteristic and high transmittance.
Deep Learning Approaches for Question Answering System (2018)

Question Answering (QA) System is very useful as most of the deep learning related problems can be modeled as a question answering problem. Consequently, the field is one of the most researched fields in computer science today. The last few years have seen considerable developments and improvement in the state of the art, much of which can be credited to upcoming of Deep Learning. In this paper, a discussion about various approaches starting from the basic NLP and algorithms based approach has been done and the paper eventually builds towards the recently proposed methods of Deep Learning. Implementation details and various tweaks in the algorithms that produced better results have also been discussed. The evaluation of the proposed models was done on twenty tasks of babI dataset of Facebook.
A bilinear transformation (1956)

The problem which I enunciate and solve in this paper seems to have originated in the study of properties of polyhedral functions. It is a problem of elementary analytical geometry of three dimensions, and the solution which I give, though somewhat tedious, is both elementary and direct. There are several comments which I have to make about current solutions, but I reserve these until the end of the paper since they will be more easily appreciated when it is possible to compare the current solutions with my solution.
Introduction to approximate computing: Embedded tutorial (2016)

A new design paradigm - approximate computing - was established to investigate how computer systems can be made better - more energy efficient, faster, and less complex - by relaxing the requirement that they are exactly correct. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the principles of approximate computing and survey the research conducted in major subareas of approximate computing which are relevant for design and test of digital circuits.
Noncoronary angioplasty. (1989)

PTA is an established method of revascularization in a variety of medical conditions. It is performed for specific morphologic and clinical indications. PTA is the procedure of choice in Fontaine stage IIB through IV lower extremity ischemia due to iliac and/or femoropopliteal stenosis or short occlusion. Its role is less certain in infrapopliteal disease, although current studies have begun to establish long-term effectiveness. PTA is the procedure of choice for renal revascularization in renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular disease or non-ostial atherosclerosis, selected cases of renal artery stenosis associated with renal insufficiency, and transplant renal artery stenosis. It is also useful in treating the renovascular component of complex hypertension and may be indicated in severe renal artery stenosis (75%-99%), even in the absence of clinically demonstrable RVHTN. PTA has limited applications in the venous system and only short-term success in the treatment of stenoses in dialysis access fistulas. PTA often serves as an important adjunct to surgical revascularization by providing improved inflow or outflow. PTA is the procedure of choice when anatomically feasible in subclavian steal syndrome. The role of PTA in carotid artery disease, particularly atheromatous disease of the internal carotid artery, is uncertain. The same may be said of PTA for vertebral artery stenosis, although the overwhelming majority of vertebral artery stenoses are morphologically suitable for PTA. PTA and surgery are both effective in the treatment of abdominal angina. There are more data available to verify the long-term patency of thromboendarterectomy and bypass grafts than PTA for mesenteric ischemia. However, since the technical success for PTA is high and since coronary co-morbidity is the most common cause of perioperative mortality in surgical series, PTA should be seriously considered as the procedure of first choice. Serious complications of PTA occur in approximately 5% of cases. Two to three percent of PTA patients have complications requiring surgery or causing a prolongation or alteration of hospital course. The morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with PTA are low. The discomfort is minor, and postprocedural recovery rapid. The major limitations of PTA include its unsuitability for some lesions (long-segment occlusions and stenoses, orifice lesions, eccentric lesions) and postangioplasty restenosis. These problems are being addressed by ongoing laboratory and clinical research. In the near future, it is likely that endoluminal transmural sonography of the vessel wall will help guide our interventions.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Conia-Ene Reaction of β-Ketoesters with Alkynes (2004)

The intramolecular addition of beta-ketoesters to unactivated alkynes under neutral conditions and at room temperature is described. The method employs triphenylphosphinegold(I) cation as a catalyst for the formation of exo-methylenecycloalkanes. Both monocyclic and bicyclic cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes can be formed in excellent yields and with good diastereoselectivity.
Stability in Perovskite Photovoltaics: A Paradigm for Newfangled Technologies (2018)

While halide perovskites embody some of the most ideal photovoltaic properties, the breakthrough into the commercial marketplace is still uncertain and high risk. The major technical hurdle that still must be overcome is durability. This Perspective lays out our view of the ultimate needs for perovskite solar cell stability research to flourish. We outline a paradigm for conceptualizing stability as a tiered system of material, cell, and module. In cell-level studies, in particular, we propose the adoption of transferrable and flexible testing protocols. We believe that the adoption of standard testing protocols could dramatically improve the translatability of insights between laboratories working in this area worldwide; however, improved protocols alone will by no means replace the need for mechanistic insight into degradation mechanisms at all levels of perovskite solar cell stability. We believe that knowledge of degradation science is what will ultimately push perovskite solar cell modules from promise to production.
From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics (2005)

The article analyzes the neural and functional grounding of language skills as well as their emergence in hominid evolution, hypothesizing stages leading from abilities known to exist in monkeys and apes and presumed to exist in our hominid ancestors right through to modern spoken and signed languages. The starting point is the observation that both premotor area F5 in monkeys and Broca's area in humans contain a "mirror system" active for both execution and observation of manual actions, and that F5 and Broca's area are homologous brain regions. This grounded the mirror system hypothesis of Rizzolatti and Arbib (1998) which offers the mirror system for grasping as a key neural "missing link" between the abilities of our nonhuman ancestors of 20 million years ago and modern human language, with manual gestures rather than a system for vocal communication providing the initial seed for this evolutionary process. The present article, however, goes "beyond the mirror" to offer hypotheses on evolutionary changes within and outside the mirror systems which may have occurred to equip Homo sapiens with a language-ready brain. Crucial to the early stages of this progression is the mirror system for grasping and its extension to permit imitation. Imitation is seen as evolving via a so-called simple system such as that found in chimpanzees (which allows imitation of complex "object-oriented" sequences but only as the result of extensive practice) to a so-called complex system found in humans (which allows rapid imitation even of complex sequences, under appropriate conditions) which supports pantomime. This is hypothesized to have provided the substrate for the development of protosign, a combinatorially open repertoire of manual gestures, which then provides the scaffolding for the emergence of protospeech (which thus owes little to nonhuman vocalizations), with protosign and protospeech then developing in an expanding spiral. It is argued that these stages involve biological evolution of both brain and body. By contrast, it is argued that the progression from protosign and protospeech to languages with full-blown syntax and compositional semantics was a historical phenomenon in the development of Homo sapiens, involving few if any further biological changes.
A Convenient Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐7‐(piperidin‐4‐yl)isoquinoline. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Text mining as integration of several related research areas (2000)

Workshop and during the group discussion held in the final session of the Workshop.
Femtosecond Noncollinear Parametric Amplification and Carrier-Envelope Phase Control (2006)

This chapter presents the basic principles for three parametric interactions that enhance bandwidth to obtain short pulses while maintaining phase matching. To extend the bandwidth, we introduced a noncollinear configuration between the pump and signal. The idea is used in three different parametric processes: optical parametric generation (OPG), optical parametric amplification (OPA), and optical parametric oscillation (OPO). Using noncollinear phase matching, we developed a noncollinear-optical-parametric amplifier (NOPA) that delivers 4 fs visible-near-infrared pulses. We designed geometrical and temporal configurations of the NOPA that broaden the gain bandwidth in excess of 250 THz. The main requirements for bandwidth enhancement include (1) phase matching, (2) group-velocity matching, (3) pulse-front matching, and (4) optimization of the angular dispersion of the pump. To achieve the extended-gain bandwidth, full phase adjustment is performed by several compensators, including a prism pair, a grating-mirror system equivalent to a grating pair, chirped mirrors, and a deformable mirror. By adding these devices to the NOPA system, we obtained pulse widths of 3.9 fs in the visible and NIR spectral range.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Turkey Flocks Fed Virginiamycin (1998)

From 125 separate cloacal cultures from three turkey flocks fed virginiamycin, 104 Enterococcus faecium and 186 Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained. As the turkeys aged, there was a higher percentage of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium isolates, with isolates from the oldest flock being 100% resistant. There were no vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated there were 11 PFGE types of E. faecalis and 7 PFGE types of E. faecium that were in more than one group of flock cultures.
A reservation based access mechanism for 3rd generation cellular systems (1993)

The paper reports on initial investigations in RACE project 2084, ATDMA, into the mapping of reservation access mechanisms onto an adaptive TDMA structure. This work is a natural extension of studies in RACE 1043, on packet access mechanisms, and considers the influence of some practical constraints on system performance. The paper presents realistic burst and frame structures for reservation mode access and gives some capacity estimates for macrocells in which reservation mode access is employed. The results are derived from a Medium Access Control simulation module which is being designed as part of a simulated testbed for the ATDMA project.
Accommodative blur in pilocarpine-treated glaucoma. (1976)

Accommodative blurring of distance visual acuity is a common problem among young patients being treated for glaucoma with pilocarpine. A single case is reported in which a clip-on prescription was given to alleviate such problems. The development of accommodative blur following instillation of pilocarpine is monitored. The dioptric changes required to restore distance acuity to 20/20 are also monitored.
Unsupervised Keyword Extraction for Full-sentence VQA (2019)

In the majority of the existing Visual Question Answering (VQA) research, the answers consist of short, often single words, as per instructions given to the annotators during dataset construction. This study envisions a VQA task for natural situations, where the answers are more likely to be sentences rather than single words. To bridge the gap between this natural VQA and existing VQA approaches, a novel unsupervised keyword extraction method is proposed. The method is based on the principle that the full-sentence answers can be decomposed into two parts: one that contains new information answering the question (i.e., keywords), and one that contains information already included in the question. Discriminative decoders were designed to achieve such decomposition, and the method was experimentally implemented on VQA datasets containing full-sentence answers. The results show that the proposed model can accurately extract the keywords without being given explicit annotations describing them.
<scp>One‐pot</scp>and<scp>two‐pot</scp>methods for chalcone derived pyrimidines synthesis and applications (2021)

Abstract Chalcone‐derived pyrimidine is a well‐known heterocyclic compound that is commonly present in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bio‐isosteres. Pyrimidine derivatives are effective in both the electronic industry and drug industries. This review highlights the synthesis of pyrimidines, namely mono‐pyrimidine, bis‐pyrimidine, fused pyrimidine, symmetric, and asymmetric pyrimidine via one‐pot and two‐pot methods. The one‐pot method is the direct reaction of amino derivatives with aldehydes and acetophenones, whereas the two‐pot method is frequently reported for the synthesis of chalcone before the cyclization to a pyrimidine. This review is important in organic synthesis, particularly in the heterocyclic field, regarding pyrimidines and their significance in therapeutic and electronic industries.
Thermophotovoltaic furnace–generator for the home using low bandgap GaSb cells (2003)

It is well known that distributed combined heat and power (CHP) systems for commercial and industrial buildings are economically desirable because they conserve energy. Here, a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) unit is described that brings CHP into the home providing both heat and electric power by replacing the typical home heating furnace with a combined TPV furnace–generator. First, the design of a 1.5 kWelectric/12.2 kWthermal TPV furnace–generator is described along with the key components that make it possible. Diffused junction GaSb cells are one of these key components. Secondly, an economic cost target is determined for this system where the cost of the photovoltaic array will be key to the economical implementation of this concept. Finally, it is argued that the GaSb cells and arrays can be manufactured at the required low cost. The cost target can be reached because the GaSb cells in the TPV furnace–generator can produce an electrical power density of 1 W cm−2 which is 100 times higher than the typical solar cell. The cost target can also be reached because the GaSb cell fabrication process parallels the silicon solar cell process where no toxic gases are used, no wafer polish is required and cast polycrystalline cells can be used.
Combined Grinding and Drying of Biomass in One Operation Phase I (2008)

First American Scientific Corporation (FASC) has developed a unique and innovative grinder/dryer called KDS Micronex. The KS (Kinetic Disintegration System) combines two operations of grinding and drying into a single operation which reduces dependence on external heat input. The machine captures the heat of comminution and combines it will centrifugal forces to expedite moisture extraction from wet biomass. Because it uses mechanical forces rather than providing direct heat to perform the drying operation, it is a simpler machine and uses less energy than conventional grinding and drying operations which occur as two separate steps. The entire compact unit can be transported on a flatbed trailer to the site where biomass is available. Hence, the KDS Micronex is a technology that enables inexpensive pretreatment of waste materials and biomass. A well prepared biomass can be used as feed, fuel or fertilizer instead of being discarded. Electricity and chemical feedstock produced from such biomass would displace the use of fossil fuels and no net greenhouse gas emissions would result from such bio-based operations. Organic fertilizers resulting from the KS Micronex grinding/drying process will be pathogen-free unlike raw animal manures. The feasibility tests on KS during Phase I showed that a prototype machine can be developed, field tested and the technology demonstrated for commercial applications. The present KDS machine can remove up to 400 kg/h of water from a wet feed material. Since biomass processors demand a finished product that is only 10% moist and most raw materials like corn stover, bagasse, layer manure, cow dung, and waste wood have moisture contents of the order of 50%, this water removal rate translates to a production rate of roughly half a ton per hour. this is too small for most processors who are unwilling to acquire multiple machines because of the added complexity to the feed and product removal systems. The economics suffer due to small production rates, because the labor costs are a much larger fraction of the production cost. The goal for further research and development work is to scale up the KDS technology incorporating findings from Phase I into a machine that has superior performance characteristics.
Bulk-driven flipped voltage follower (2009)

A voltage buffer so-called the bulk-driven flipped voltage follower is presented. This proposal is based on the flipped voltage follower (FVF) technique, but a bulk-driven MOSFET with the replica-biased scheme is utilized for the input device to eliminate the DC level shift. The proposed buffer has been designed and simulated with a 0.35 mum CMOS technology. The input current and capacitance of our proposal are 1.5 pA and 9.3 fF respectively, and with 0.8 V peak-to-peak 500 kHz input, the total harmonic distortion is 0.5% for a 10 pF load. This circuit can operate from a single 1.2 V power supply and consumes only 2.5 muA.