gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1:1- and 2:1-Copper(II) Complexes From PrimaryN-Acylamidines (2000)

Four different types of six-membered chelate CuII complexes 2−5 have been synthesized from copper(II) salts and primary N-acylamidines (H2N−CR1=N−CR2=O) 1. The twofold positively charged complexes 2−4 contain two neutral ligands around the CuII ion. In the 1:1 compound 2 the copper(II) ion is four coordinate, leading to a distorted square coordination. The 2:1 compounds 3 and 4 show similar structural properties; the approximate square plane of the complexes is complemented by one or two loose apical contacts to the triflate counter ions. In the centrosymmetric, neutral 2:1 complex 5, two anionic ligands interact with the central CuII ion, leading to an approximate square-planar coordination of the CuII ion. The structural versatility of these N-acylamidine complexes is discussed in terms of counter ion and solubility influences. All complexes have been completely characterized, including X-ray diffraction analysis.
Design and optimization of SCR devices for on-chip ESD protection in advanced SOI CMOS technologies (2012)

We present design and optimization results of ESD SCR devices in advanced SOI CMOS technologies. Anode to cathode spacing, body resistance and Diode string or RC trigger circuits affect SCR turn-on characteristics. 100ns TLP failure current up to 10.1mA/um and record transient turn-on time down to ∼75ps with a leakage current of ∼10nA are demonstrated.
Murine yolk sac endoderm- and mesoderm-derived cell lines support in vitro growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells (1994)

The mechanisms involved in the induction of yolk sac mesoderm into blood islands and the role of visceral endoderm and mesoderm cells in regulating the restricted differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the yolk sac remain largely unexplored. To better define the role of murine yolk sac microenvironment cells in supporting hematopoiesis, we established cell lines from day-9.5 gestation murine yolk sac visceral endoderm and mesoderm layers using a recombinant retrovirus vector containing Simian virus 40 large T- antigen cDNA. Obtained immortalized cell lines expressed morphologic and biosynthetic features characteristic of endoderm and mesoderm cells from freshly isolated yolk sacs. Similar to the differentiation of blood island hematopoietic cells in situ, differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro into neutrophils was restricted and macrophage production increased when bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells were cultured in direct contact with immortalized yolk sac cell lines as compared with culture on adult BM stromal cell lines. Yolk sac- derived cell lines also significantly stimulated the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells compared with the adult BM stromal cell lines. Thus, yolk sac endoderm- and mesoderm-derived cells, expressing many features of normal yolk sac cells, alter the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells will prove useful in examining the cellular interactions between yolk sac endoderm and mesoderm involved in early hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
The Reduction of Optically Active Phenylmethylcarbinyl Chloride with Lithium Aluminum Deuteride (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Optically Active Phenylmethylcarbinyl Chloride with Lithium Aluminum DeuterideErnest L. ElielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 12, 3970–3972Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01180a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01180a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal degradation products from an ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer-partial metal salt as the cause of industrial bronchitis. (1987)

A self-employed physician developed industrial bronchitis due to the inhalation of fumes arising from the heating of a molded ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer-partial metal salt (Surlyn) in the basement of his home. Symptoms resolved following removal from exposure. A number of known irritants are given off as degradation products of Surlyn ionomer resin, including acrolein, aldehydes, and methacrylic acid. This case is unusual because of the nature of exposure and an unexpected fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second after provocation testing.
Preparation and Magnetic Property of Co-based Amorphous Soft Magnetic Alloy Ribbon (2006)

The preparation technology of the soft magnetic Co-base alloy strip is investigated.The microstructure and amorphous extent are analyzed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.The glass forming temperature,crystallization temperature and crystallization behavior of the alloy are studied by differential thermal analysis.The static magnetic performance of the alloy is described by the vibration sample magnetism.The results indicate that there are one obvious heat absorption peak and two obvious exothermic peaks in the DTA curve of the alloy,and the initial crystalline temperature of the alloy is 773K,the second crystalline temperature is 853K.The alloy is with excellent hot stability and high glass forming ability.The different phases appear in different stages of the crystallization process.The dominant phases in the alloy are Co_2Si and Co_3B at 773K,furthermore,the new phase Co_2B appears besides the formers at 823K and 853K.The Co_(73)Si_(10)B_(17) alloy presents the excellent soft magnetic characteristics under room temperature,and the annealed parameters have remarkable effects on the magnetic performance of the alloy.
A novel harmonic currents detection method based on rotating d-q reference frame for active power filter (2005)

This paper presents novel harmonic currents detection method based on rotating d-q reference frame, which can accurately extract harmonic and reactive currents of nonlinear loads under the conditions of asymmetric and distorted supply voltage. A predictive current control is proposed for active power filter (APF) to track reference currents. Two digital signal processor (DSP) based experimental prototypes are built. One is 5 kVA lab-based APF and the other is 150 kVA hybrid-type APF. The simulation and experimental results are given, which verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
On-chip CMOS wireless sensors interface for automotive applications (2004)

Summary: This paper describes a CMOS interface for short-range wireless sensor networks. The sensor interface is composed by the sensor readout and a transceiver in CMOS 0.18µm process technology and a patch antenna at 5.7 GHz frequency, 50 MHz bandwidth and an efficiency of 18%. Automotive applications are the target of this wireless sensor interface.
<i>P</i>vectors as a Diagnostic Tool for Synoptic-Scale Circulations (1995)

The quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency equation is derived using P vectors in both pressure and entropy coordinates. This vector form of the geostrophic forcing in the geopotential tendency equation is similar to the Q-vector form of the ω equation. It is shown that the horizontal components of P are the advection of geostrophic momentum and the vertical component of P is the horizontal temperature advection. The P vectors are shown to be related to Q and C vectors, as well as the ageostrophic circulation. The three-dimensional pseudocurl of the P vector gives the C vector that equals the ageostrophic pseudovorticity in the quasigeostrophic model. The horizontal components of the pseudocurl of P are perpendicular and proportional to the Q. The horizontal divergence of the P vector is the geostrophic absolute vorticity advection while the three-dimensional divergence of the P vector is the geostrophic quasigeostrophic potential vorticity advection. The ageostrophic wind can be partitioned into the P vector (geostrophic advective) and isallobaric wind contributions. A numerical simulation of an idealized cyclone is used to characterize the distribution of the P vectors and P-vector diagnostics in order to demonstrate their potential application to the diagnosis of synoptic-scale circulations. The distribution of the P vectors clearly indicates the advections of geostrophic momentum and temperature that characterize cyclogenesis. An examination of the P vectors and the isallobaric wind demonstrates that the P vectors provide insight into the ageostrophic circulation of the cyclone. Diagnoses of the three-dimensional P-vector divergence and curl are shown to produce useful depictions of cyclonic vortex spinup and the propagation of both the large- and smaller-scale features of the system. These diagnostics can be interpreted from a variety of perspectives, including the height tendency and the advection of quasigeostrophic potential vorticity. The use of P vectors to diagnose synoptic-scale circulations appears to provide potentially useful insights into the dynamics of synoptic-scale disturbances not readily obtained from other diagnoses.
Learning by transduction (1998)

We describe a method for predicting a classification of an object given classifications of the objects in the training set, assuming that the pairs object /classification are generated by an i.i.d. process from a continuous probability distribution. Our method is a modification of Vapnik&apos;s support-vector machine; its main novelty is that it gives not only the prediction itself but also a practicable measure of the evidence found in support of that prediction. We also describe a procedure for assigning degrees of confidence to predictions made by the support vector machine. Some experimental results are presented, and possible extensions of the algorithms are discussed. 1 THE PROBLEM Suppose labeled points (x i ; y i ) (i = 1; 2; : : :), where x i 2 IR n (our objects are specified by n real-valued attributes) and y i 2 f\\Gamma1; 1g, are generated independently from an unknown (but the same for all points) probability distribution. We are given l points x i , i = 1; : : : ; l, toge...
Biomethane production from starch and lignocellulosic crops: a comparative review (2010)

Abstract The methane produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes and energy crops represents an elegant and economical means of generating renewable biofuel. Anaerobic digestion is a mature technology and is already used for the conversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and excess primary and secondary sludge from waste‐water treatment plants. High methane yield up to 0.45 m 3 STP CH4/kg volatile solids (VS) or 12 390 m 3 STP CH 4 / ha can be achieved with sugar and starch crops, although these cultures are competing with food and feed crops for high‐quality land. The cultivation of lignocellulosic crops on marginal and set‐aside lands is a more environmentally sound and sustainable option for renewable energy production. The methane yield obtained from these crops is lower, 0.17–0.39 m 3 STP CH4/kg VS or 5400 m 3 STP CH 4 /ha, as its conversion into methane is facing the same initial barrier as for the production of ethanol, for example, hydrolysis of the crops. Intensive research and development on efficient pre‐treatments is ongoing to optimize the net energy production, which is potentially greater than for liquid biofuels, since the whole substrate excepted lignin is convertible into methane. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada
Construction and Immunogenicity Studies of Recombinant Fowl Poxvirus Containing the S1 Gene of Massachusetts 41 Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (2002)

The spike 1 (S1) surface glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the major inducer of the generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, and the administration of purified S1 has been shown to elicit a protective immune response against virulent virus challenge. On the basis of these observations, recombinant fowl poxvirus (rFPV) containing a cDNA copy of the S1 gene of IBV Mass 41 (rFPV-S1) was constructed and its immunogenicity and vaccine potential were evaluated. Initially, rFPV-S1 was shown to express the S1 in vito by indirect immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses. Later, in vivo expression was demonstrated by the detection of IBV-specific serum immunoglobulin G and neutralization antibodies in the sera of chickens immunized with rFPV-S1. That the recombinant virus elicited anti-IBV protective immunity was indicated by the manifested, relatively mild clinical signs of disease, decreased titers of recovered challenge virus, and less severe histologic changes of the tracheas in virulent IBV Mass 41-challenged chickens previously receiving rFPV-S1 as compared with parental fowl poxvirus (FPV)-vaccinated control birds. In contrast, chickens immunized with either recombinant or parental FPV were resistant to a subsequent virulent FPV challenge. As to a preferred method of immunization, wing web administration appeared to be superior to the subcutaneous route because a greater percentage of birds vaccinated by the former protocol exhibited an anti-IBV humoral immune response. Thus, rFPV-S1 has potential as a poultry vaccine against both fowl pox and infectious bronchitis.
Development of a novel epitaxial-layer segmentation method for optoelectronic device fabrication (2003)

Describes the development of a new process for segmenting epitaxial-layer material and fabricating cleaved-cavity lasers. The technique, which involves growth substrate removal and use of a novel epitaxial-layer cleaving tool, is applicable to a variety of different materials and devices. IV-VI semiconductor epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on silicon [111] substrates with a water-soluble barium fluoride buffer layer were used. The layers were metallurgically bonded to the rectangular tips (500×1040 μm) of copper bars held together by a small vise apparatus, the substrate was removed by dissolving the barium fluoride buffer layer in water, and the copper bars were separated by releasing the vise assembly. Current versus voltage characterization of separated p-n junction IV-VI epilayer structures on the tips of the copper bars showed nonlinear behavior with a forward bias current onset voltage /spl sim/250 mV, a value consistent with the room temperature bandgaps of the IV-VI alloys used. These results demonstrate the utility of this technique for obtaining epitaxial-layer structures with typical cleaved-cavity in-plane laser dimensions.
The Lincoln Digital Voice Terminal System (1975)

Abstract : An ultra-high performance programmable speech processor, consisting in the main of a custom designed 55-nsec microcomputer, has been designed and constructed. To date, five real-time speech compression programs have been implemented and evaluated.
Critical Motion Detection of Nearby Moving Vehicles in a Vision-Based Driver-Assistance System (2009)

Driving always involves risk. Various means have been proposed to reduce the risk. Critical motion detection of nearby moving vehicles is one of the important means of preventing accidents. In this paper, a computational model, which is referred to as the dynamic visual model (DVM), is proposed to detect critical motions of nearby vehicles while driving on a highway. The DVM is motivated by the human visual system and consists of three analyzers: 1) sensory analyzers, 2) perceptual analyzers, and 3) conceptual analyzers. In addition, a memory, which is called the episodic memory, is incorporated, through which a number of features of the system, including hierarchical processing, configurability, adaptive response, and selective attention, are realized. A series of experimental results with both single and multiple critical motions are demonstrated and show the feasibility of the proposed system.
Characterization of Peptidoglycan Trimers after Gel Chromatography and Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography by Positive-ion Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry (1996)

A strategy for the primary stucture characterization of reduced peptidoglycan trimers derived from muramidase-digested murein (e.g. isolated from the cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa) is outlined. First, muropeptides are separated by gel filtration according to their size (degree of cross-linking). This step is followed by reduction with sodium borohydride and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Trimeric and oligomeric compounds (molecular weight range 2500–4500 Da), in particular, are present in small quantities and therefore sophisticated methods for characterization are required due to the biological importance of these components. For determining moecular weight with high accuracy, positive-ion plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) proves to be a well-suited analytical method with sufficient sensitivity (medium picomole range) and mass accuracy (±0.04%). Based on combined data from PDMS, gel chromatography, HPLC and amino acid and amino sugar analyses, the primary structure of peptidoglycan trimeric compounds could be determined unambiguously.
Single-cell trajectories reconstruction, exploration and mapping of omics data with STREAM (2019)

Single-cell transcriptomic assays have enabled the de novo reconstruction of lineage differentiation trajectories, along with the characterization of cellular heterogeneity and state transitions. Several methods have been developed for reconstructing developmental trajectories from single-cell transcriptomic data, but efforts on analyzing single-cell epigenomic data and on trajectory visualization remain limited. Here we present STREAM, an interactive pipeline capable of disentangling and visualizing complex branching trajectories from both single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic data. We have tested STREAM on several synthetic and real datasets generated with different single-cell technologies. We further demonstrate its utility for understanding myoblast differentiation and disentangling known heterogeneity in hematopoiesis for different organisms. STREAM is an open-source software package.
Room temperature terahertz phase shifter based on magnetically controlled birefringence in liquid crystals (2003)

We present the use of magnetically controlled birefringence in a nematic liquid crystal cell for phase shifting of electromagnetic waves in the range of terahertz frequencies. This device can be operated at room temperature. A maximum phase shift of 141° has been demonstrated at 1.025 THz and the results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
The IL-21 receptor augments Th2 effector function and alternative macrophage activation (2006)

The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) shows significant homology with the IL-4R, and CD4+ Th2 cells are an important source of IL-21. Here we examined whether the IL-21R regulates the development of Th2 responses in vivo. To do this, we infected IL-21R-/- mice with the Th2-inducing pathogens Schistosoma mansoni and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and examined the influence of IL-21R deficiency on the development of Th2-dependent pathology. We showed that granulomatous inflammation and liver fibrosis were significantly reduced in S. mansoni-infected IL-21R-/- mice and in IL-21R+/+ mice treated with soluble IL-21R-Fc (sIL-21R-Fc). The impaired granulomatous response was also associated with a marked reduction in Th2 cytokine expression and function, as evidenced by the attenuated IL-4, IL-13, AMCase, Ym1, and FIZZ1 (also referred to as RELMalpha) responses in the tissues. A similarly impaired Th2 response was observed following N. brasiliensis infection. In vitro, IL-21 significantly augmented IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 expression in macrophages, resulting in increased FIZZ1 mRNA and arginase-1 activity following stimulation with IL-4 and IL-13. As such, these data identify the IL-21R as an important amplifier of alternative macrophage activation. Collectively, these results illustrate an essential function for the IL-21R in the development of pathogen-induced Th2 responses, which may have relevance in therapies for both inflammatory and chronic fibrotic diseases.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1β Potentiates Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Stimulated Osteoinduction of Genetically Engineered Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells <i>In Vitro</i> (2012)

Skeletal injuries are among the most prevalent clinical problems and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) have successfully been used for the treatment thereof. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1; CXCL12) is a member of the CXC chemokine family with multiple splice variants. The two most abundant variants, SDF-1α and SDF-1β, share identical amino acid sequences, except for four additional amino acids at the C-terminus of SDF-1β, which may mediate surface stabilization via glycosaminoglycans and protect SDF-1β from proteolytic cleavage, rendering it twice as potent as SDF-1α. Increasing evidence suggests that SDF-1 is involved in bone formation through regulation of recruitment, engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SDF-1β can potentiate bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-stimulated osteogenic differentiation and chemotaxis of BMSCs in vitro. Utilizing retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to generate novel Tet-Off-SDF-1β BMSCs, we found that conditional SDF-1β expression is tightly regulated by doxycycline in a dose-dependent and temporal fashion, leading to significantly increased SDF-1β mRNA and protein levels. In addition, SDF-1β was found to enhance BMP-2-stimulated mineralization, mRNA and protein expression of key osteogenic markers, and regulate BMP-2 signal transduction via extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation in genetically engineered BMSCs in vitro. We also showed that SDF-1β promotes the migratory response of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-expressing BMSCs in vitro. Taken together, these data support that SDF-1β can play an important role in BMP-2-stimulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and may exert its biological activity in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion.
Research on a fiber-optic hydrogen sensor (1993)

A new type of hydrogen sensor for detecting the concentration of hydrogen in transformer oil with a fibre optical sensor is reported. This optic sensor is intrinsically safe for use in potentially explosive environments. The sensor responds to change in the optic properties of a thin palladium film exposed to hydrogen.
ARIST0TEL18 DE CAELO ET MUNDO LIBER PRIMUS CUM THEMISTII COMMENTARIO A Ζ ARABIA ISACI FILIO HI8PAN0 EX ARABICO IN BEBRAICUM TRANS LA TUS (1962)

ARIST0TEL18 DE CAELO ET MUNDO LIBER PRIMUS CUM THEMISTII COMMENTARIO A Ζ ARABIA ISACI FILIO HI8PAN0 EX ARABICO IN BEBRAICUM TRANS LA TUS was published in Volumen V/IV-VI Pars IV: Themistii in libros Aristotelis De caelo paraphrasis hebraicea et latine. Pars V: Themistii in Aristotelis Metaphysicorum librum L paraphrasis hebraice et latine. Pars VI: Themastii (Saphoniae) in Parva naturalia commentarium on page 1.