gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyber-physical handshake (2011)

While sensor-enabled devices have greatly enriched human interactions in our daily life, discovering the essential knowledge behind sensing data is a critical issue to connect the cyber world and the physical world. This motivates us to design an innovative sensor-aided social network system, termed cyber-physical handshake. It allows two users to naturally exchange personal information with each other after detecting and authenticating the handshaking patterns between them. This work describes our design of detection and authentication mechanisms to achieve this purpose and our prototype system to facilitate handshake social behavior.
Abietane diterpenes with antibiotic activity from the flowers of <i>Salvia</i><i>canariensis</i>. Reaction of galdosol with diazomethane (1989)

The new diterpenes canariquinone (9), rosmaquinone (10), and 11-acetoxycarnosic acid (6), together with the already known 7-ethoxyrosmanol (1), 7-methoxyrosmanol (2), and rosmanol (3), were isolated from the flowers of Salviacanariensis. The structure of the new substances was established by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic means. Reaction of galdosol (4), isolated from the aerial part of the same plant, with diazomethane, unexpectedly gave the new homoditerpenes 15 and 16, the structures of which were determined by spectroscopic methods. A mechanism accounting for the formation of these substances is suggested. Keywords: abietane diterpenes, Salvia, Labiatae, antibiotic activity, galdosol reactivity.
Far-field behaviour of 980 nm broad area lasersincorporating bandgap widenedextended slab waveguides (1995)

The far-field pattern of a broad area laser has been improved by placing passive, low-loss slab waveguides on either side of the active region. Two types of laser were investigated: first, control devices (75 µm × 300 – 500 µm) with threshold currents of 200 – 250 mA and a broad far-field spectrum (10°) exhibiting several peaks; secondly, lasers with passive slab waveguides on both sides of the active region which exhibited a single peak in the far-field spectrum, the divergence of which decreased as the length of the passive sections was increased. The threshold current increased with increasing length of passive section, being typically 300 mA when the total length of the passive regions was 400 µm.
Source Direction Angle Gathers (2011)

In general, the pre-imaging condition methods for generating angle-domain common-image gathers are computationally expensive. Algorithms that require full or partial wavefield decomposition at every image point prior to imaging produce gathers of high quality but are prohibitively expensive when applied to dense full-azimuth surveys. Direction vector based methods are an attractive alternative to reduce the cost but are often troubled by complicated wavefields that exist in geologically complex areas. In this paper we present a method that reduces the cost of most pre-imaging condition methods and in particular, direction vector based methods while considerably improving their quality. We present the detailed workflow and substantiate our claims with the help of synthetic and real data examples.
The integrin PSI domain has an endogenous thiol isomerase function and is a novel target for antiplatelet therapy (2017)

Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors differentially expressed on almost all metazoan cells. Integrin β subunits contain a highly conserved plexin-semaphorin-integrin (PSI) domain. The CXXC motif, the active site of the protein-disulfide-isomerase (PDI) family, is expressed twice in this domain of all integrins across species. However, the role of the PSI domain in integrins and whether it contains thiol-isomerase activity have not been explored. Here, recombinant PSI domains of murine β3, and human β1 and β2 integrins were generated and their PDI-like activity was demonstrated by refolding of reduced/denatured RNase. We identified that both CXXC motifs of β3 integrin PSI domain are required to maintain its optimal PDI-like activity. Cysteine substitutions (C13A and C26A) of the CXXC motifs also significantly decreased the PDI-like activity of full-length human recombinant β3 subunit. We further developed mouse anti-mouse β3 PSI domain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that cross-react with human and other species. These mAbs inhibited αIIbβ3 PDI-like activity and its fibrinogen binding. Using single-molecular Biomembrane-Force-Probe assays, we demonstrated that inhibition of αIIbβ3 endogenous PDI-like activity reduced αIIbβ3-fibrinogen interaction, and these anti-PSI mAbs inhibited fibrinogen binding via different levels of both PDI-like activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, these mAbs inhibited murine/human platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo, and murine thrombus formation in vivo, without significantly affecting bleeding time or platelet count. Thus, the PSI domain is a potential regulator of integrin activation and a novel target for antithrombotic therapies. These findings may have broad implications for all integrin functions, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
AN INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM GAME THEORY (2002)

The application of the methods of quantum mechanics to game theory provides us with the ability to achieve results not otherwise possible. Both linear superpositions of actions and entanglement between the players' moves can be exploited. We provide an introduction to quantum game theory and review the current status of the subject.
Isolation and characterization of a novel bacterium growing via reductive dehalogenation of 2-chlorophenol (1994)

A bacterium capable of anaerobic growth via reductive dehalogenation of 2-chlorophenol was isolated from a culture enriched from sediment taken from a small stream near Lansing, Mich. The organism, designated strain 2CP-1, is a gram-negative rod ca. 3 by 0.5 micron in size and is a catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, facultative anaerobe that forms small red colonies in anaerobic media. The organism grew in reduced anaerobic mineral medium supplemented with 2-chlorophenol, acetate, and vitamins, producing phenol as a product. It did not grow when either 2-chlorophenol or acetate was omitted. The growth yield was about 3 g of protein per mol of 2-chlorophenol dechlorinated, and the doubling time was 3.7 days. Only the ortho position was dehalogenated, and additional chlorines at other positions decreased or blocked ortho dechlorination. The organism also grew with fumarate as its electron acceptor. Dechlorination activity is inducible, since cultures grown in fumarate containing medium with 2-chlorophenol rapidly dechlorinated additional 2-chlorophenol, while cultures grown in the same medium without 2-chlorophenol did not. Analysis of the organism's 16S rRNA sequence revealed that it is a member of the delta proteobacteria, more closely related to the myxobacteria than to the sulfidogenic bacteria.
Apparatus Drawings Project. Report Number 9. Simple Kinetic Theory Demonstration (1960)

The apparatus described in this article is a model for the simple kinetic theory of an ideal gas. It dramatically demonstrates the concept that the pressure a gas exerts on the walls of its container is due to the combined effect of the many individual impacts of the gas molecules on those walls. A massive moving system integrates the effect of many small equal impulses to produce a steady deflection whose magnitude is accurately predicated by simple theory.
Dependence of power losses on tensile stress for Fe–Si nonoriented steel up to destruction (2002)

The study of the influence of mechanical stress on magnetic properties of laminated steel is the subject of recent research. In this article the separation of losses is performed and the dependence of total, hysteresis, and excess losses on tensile stress up to destruction is investigated. With increasing of tensile stress, the total and hysteresis losses are first decreasing and then increasing at higher stress. The increase of total losses was found mainly due to the hysteresis losses while the classical and excess components influence the total power losses to a minor extent. For extensive deformation the increase of losses becomes dramatically high.
Aeolian sediment transport through large patches of roughness in the atmospheric inertial sublayer (2006)

Roughness influences the flux of wind‐driven sand transport. In this paper, we report on sediment transport measurements for four different surface roughness configurations composed of the same size (solid) roughness elements in the atmospheric inertial sublayer. Results of these tests indicate that sediment transport rates through patches of roughness in the atmospheric inertial sublayer are to a large extent controlled and scale proportionally with the roughness density (λ = n b h / S , where n is number of elements of breadth b and height h in area S ) of the surface. However, element size apparently increases the magnitude of the reduction beyond that attributable to λ. A sediment transport model that incorporates the effect of shear stress partitioning appears to predict reasonably well the effect of roughness on sand transport in the cases where the roughness elements are ≤0.10 m in height. However, when the dimensions of the roughness itself are equivalent to or are greater than the range of saltation lengths (vertical and horizontal), additional interactions of the elements with the saltation cloud appear to reduce the transport efficiency.
Effect of pore size and interpore distance on endothelial cell growth on polymers (2008)

The endothelization of polymers using surface modification has received great attention. In particular, creation of physical surface features such as craters or pores has been an active area of research. However, there have been no reported studies of the effects of pore sizes (wide range) and interpore distance on endothelial cell growth. This report details the study done on endothelial cell attachment on the surfaces of polymers modified by porogen leaching. The polymeric system studied includes PLLA and PLGA (80/20). Factors such as porogen type, pore size, and interpore distance were varied, and the surface was evaluated for its influence on endothelial cell growth. Three groups of pore sizes were evaluated: small (5-20 mum), medium (20-45 mum), and large pores (45-90 mum). Two porogens were evaluated: sugar and gelatin. In addition to counting the attached endothelial cells, their proliferation was also quantified. Pore size and interpore distances were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cell morphology was studied by staining with crystal violet. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the main parameters, pore size and interpore distance were significant in endothelial cell growth. In PLGA (80/20), it was found that endothelial cell growth was enhanced by smaller pore size and lower interpore distance, whereas the growth was poor on PLLA regardless of pore features.
Stereoselective syntheses of the methylene- and α-fluoromethylene-phosphonate analogues of 2-phospho-<scp>D</scp>-glyceric acid (1988)

An enantioselective synthesis is described for the preparation of (2R)-2-carboxy-3-hydroxypropane-1-phosphonic acid (1), an isosteric analogue of 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid (2), from L-threose; the route is extended to provide diastereoselective syntheses of both (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)-2-carboxy-1-fluoro-3-hydroxypropane-1-phosphonic acids (3) and (4) respectively which provide the first examples of the synthesis of α-fluoroalkanephosphonates of defined chirality at C-1.
Phase II Study of Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Iniparib As Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative and <i>BRCA1</i>/<i>2</i> Mutation–Associated Breast Cancer With Assessment of a Tumor-Based Measure of Genomic Instability: PrECOG 0105 (2015)

Preoperative combination of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and iniparib is active in the treatment of early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated breast cancer. The HRD-LOH assay was able to identify patients with sporadic triple-negative breast cancer lacking a BRCA1/2 mutation, but with an elevated HRD-LOH score, who achieved a favorable pathologic response. Confirmatory controlled trials are warranted.
Time-Dependent Sensitivity Analysis of Biological Networks:  Coupled MAPK and PI3K Signal Transduction Pathways (2006)

Sensitivity analysis has been widely used in the studies of complicated chemical reaction and biological networks, for example, in combustion studies and metabolic control analysis of pathways. In the latter cases, the responses of system properties at steady states with respect to changes of parameters, such as initial concentrations and rate constants, are often expressed as sensitivities. Besides steady-state sensitivities, time-dependent sensitivities should be useful; however, the explicit use of them in analyzing complicated biological systems has so far been limited. Using the coupled mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-phophatidylinoisitol 3'-kinase (PI3K) system of the Ras pathways, known to be involved in about 30% of human cancers, as an example, we show that time-dependent sensitivities are useful for the studies of complex biological systems. They provide, for example, the following information: (a) multiple time scales existing in a complex system involving cross-talks and feedback loops; (b) the signs and strengths of responses to perturbations (as system complication increases, the signs of global responses are not always easily determined; for example, response may change sign more than once as time evolves); (c) beyond concentration dynamics, sensitivities revealing further details about the intricate dynamics and the effects of the cross-talks; (d) ranking of vulnerability of nodes of a biological network using integrated sensitivity-a first step toward the identification of drug targets; (e) reduced sensitivity serving as a measure of the stability or robustness of pathways. Our results indicate that the role of the PI3K branch in the coupled pathways is to enhance the robustness of the MAPK pathway. More importantly, they demonstrate that time-dependent sensitivity analysis can be a valuable tool in system biology.
Comparison of Hop-By-Hop and End-To-End Acknowledgment Schemes in Computer Communication Networks (1976)

The problem of acknowledgment schemes in store-and-forward packet-switching communication networks is addressed. The performance of systems with end-to-end acknowledgment (ETE Ack) and hop-by-hop acknowledgment (HBH Ack) are compared in terms of packet delay and channel utilization. It is shown that a system with an HBH Ack scheme performs significantly better in terms of delay or channel utilization, when the number of hops that a packet traverses is large and/or when the probability of successful packet transmission over the channel is low.
Sorafenib-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation: A case report (2017)

Comprehensive treatments together with sorafenib provide a survival benefit for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an increasingly recognized distinct entity; however, only few cases induced by sorafenib have been reported to date. We herein present a rare case of ACLF in a patient under treatment with sorafenib. A 63-year-old woman who suffered from hepatitis B for 10 years was admitted to our hospital. A computed tomography (CT) scan led to a diagnosis of HCC in the V/VIII hepatic segment, with invasion of the middle hepatic and the right portal veins. The patient received multidisciplinary treatment, including transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation and sorafenib. Two months after sorafenib treatment, the patient was readmitted due to progressive jaundice and ACLF was diagnosed by liver biopsy shortly thereafter. Although aggressive treatment was administered, the patient succumbed to the disease following rapid deterioration of her clinical condition. The majority of patients with HCC have underlying liver disease and combination therapy with sorafenib should be administered with caution, as it may increase the risk of severe hepatotoxicity. The present case suggests that patients treated with sorafenib may require a dose reduction following interventional treatment.
Pointing Device Performance in Steering Tasks (2016)

Use of touch-screen-based interactions is growing rapidly. Hence, knowing the maneuvering efficacy of touch screens relative to other pointing devices is of great importance in the context of graphical user interfaces. Movement time, accuracy, and user preferences of four pointing device settings were evaluated on a computer with 14 participants aged 20.1 ± 3.13 years. It was found that, depending on the difficulty of the task, the optimal settings differ for ballistic and visual control tasks. With a touch screen, resting the arm increased movement time for steering tasks. When both performance and comfort are considered, whether to use a mouse or a touch screen for person-computer interaction depends on the steering difficulty. Hence, a input device should be chosen based on the application, and should be optimized to match the graphical user interface.
Crystal structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: Catalytic mechanism of O <sub>2</sub> incorporation by a heme-containing dioxygenase (2006)

Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the cleavage of the pyrrol ring of L-Trp and incorporates both atoms of a molecule of oxygen (O2). Here we report on the x-ray crystal structure of human IDO, complexed with the ligand inhibitor 4-phenylimidazole and cyanide. The overall structure of IDO shows two alpha-helical domains with the heme between them. A264 of the flexible loop in the heme distal side is in close proximity to the iron. A mutant analysis shows that none of the polar amino acid residues in the distal heme pocket are essential for activity, suggesting that, unlike the heme-containing monooxygenases (i.e., peroxidase and cytochrome P450), no protein group of IDO is essential in dioxygen activation or proton abstraction. These characteristics of the IDO structure provide support for a reaction mechanism involving the abstraction of a proton from the substrate by iron-bound dioxygen. Inactive mutants (F226A, F227A, and R231A) retain substrate-binding affinity, and an electron density map reveals that 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethane sulfonic acid is bound to these residues, mimicking the substrate. These findings suggest that strict shape complementarities between the indole ring of the substrate and the protein side chains are required, not for binding, but, rather, to permit the interaction between the substrate and iron-bound dioxygen in the first step of the reaction. This study provides the structural basis for a heme-containing dioxygenase mechanism, a missing piece in our understanding of heme chemistry.
Effect of Binding of Ions and Other Small Molecules on Protein Structure. VI. Influence of pH and Chemical Modification on the Electrophoretic Behavior of Proteins in Acidic Media<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Binding of Ions and Other Small Molecules on Protein Structure. VI. Influence of pH and Chemical Modification on the Electrophoretic Behavior of Proteins in Acidic Media1John R. Cann and Robert A. PhelpsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 16, 4378–4382Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01525a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Original Articles Sibutramine Reduces Food Intake in Non‐Dieting Women with Obesity (1998)

Sibutramine (SIB), an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, has been shown in clinical trials to be associated with a dose-related decrease in bodyweight. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, Latin square crossover study examined whether the effect on bodyweight could be due in part to a reduction in daily food intake. Twelve non-dieting, women with obesity (body mass index of 30.5 to 41.9) received three treatments (0 [matching placebo], 10, or 30 mg SIB/day) for 14 days, with 14-day washout periods in between. On days 7 and 14, participants came to the laboratory to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner so that daily energy and macronutrient intakes and ratings of hunger and satiety could be measured. Significant reductions occurred in food intake (both grams and energy) over the 14-day study period. On day 7, SIB 30 reduced intake significantly by 1762 kJ (23% reduction from placebo), and on day 14, both SIB 10 and SIB 30 significantly reduced intake compared with placebo (SIB 10, 19% reduction [1490 kJ]; SIB 30, 26% reduction [2079 kJ]). On day 7, the percentage of energy consumed from carbohydrate increased significantly with the 30-mg dose (56.7%) compared with that of placebo (51.4%), with a reciprocal decrease in energy from fat (27.8% to 24%). The results show that SIB reduced energy intake in women with obesity who were not attempting to lose weight.
For numerical differentiation, dimensionality can be a blessing! (1999)

Finite difference methods, such as the mid-point rule, have been applied successfully to the numerical solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. If such formulas are applied to observational data, in order to determine derivatives, the results can be disastrous. The reason for this is that measurement errors, and even rounding errors in computer approximations, are strongly amplified in the differentiation process, especially if small step-sizes are chosen and higher derivatives are required. A number of authors have examined the use of various forms of averaging which allows the stable computation of low order derivatives from observational data. The size of the averaging set acts like a regularization parameter and has to be chosen as a function of the grid size<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="h"><mml:semantics><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">h</mml:annotation></mml:semantics></mml:math></inline-formula>. In this paper, it is initially shown how first (and higher) order single-variate numerical differentiation of higher dimensional observational data can be stabilized with a reduced loss of accuracy than occurs for the corresponding differentiation of one-dimensional data. The result is then extended to the multivariate differentiation of higher dimensional data. The nature of the trade-off between convergence and stability is explicitly characterized, and the complexity of various implementations is examined.