gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitope Mapping of Human ETS1 Monoclonal Antibody (1994)

The epitope for E44 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was mapped using mutated ETS1 proteins lacking different carboxy-terminal regions and by the employment of synthetic oligopeptides spanning the epitope region. This epitope lies around Arg211 of the human ETS1 protein since substitution of Arg211 by Gln211 in the epitope region results in the loss of recognition of the mouse ETS1 protein by E44 mAb. Substitution of Leu214 by valine214 in the epitope region (as is found in the chicken ETS1 and viral Ets proteins) does not alter the capacity of the E44 mAb to recognize this antigen. Taken together, these results suggest that a specific ionic interaction is able to play a pivotal role in the recognition of the ETS1 protein by the E44 mAb.
[Cp<sub>2</sub>Ti<sup>III</sup>(NCy)<sub>2</sub>CTi<sup>III</sup>Cp<sub>2</sub>]: A Transient Titanocene Carbene Complex? (2010)

Carbene or not carbene? By utilizing [Cp2Ti(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (Cp=C5H5) as both a reducing and a quenching agent in the reaction with RNCNR, the first paramagnetic dinuclear titanocene(III) carbene-like complex is prepared in good yield. The complex features the topology of a four-membered N-heterocyclic carbene species but with a TiIII center as part of the heterocycle. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dual-layer hardware and software management in cluster systems (2013)

In this paper, we describe the software architecture of a cluster system, which allows to reassign any particular system task to another hardware without relying on virtualization. We also show the support for services virtualization along with non-virtualized computational nodes.
Analysis of the relationship between end-to-end distance and activity of single-chain antibody against colorectal carcinoma (2012)

We investigated the relationship of End-to-end distance between VH and VL with different peptide linkers and the activity of single-chain antibodies by computer-aided simulation. First, we developed (G4S)n (where n = 1-9) as the linker to connect VH and VL, and estimated the 3D structure of single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) by homologous modeling. After molecular models were evaluated and optimized, the coordinate system of every protein was built and unified into one coordinate system, and End-to-end distances calculated using 3D space coordinates. After expression and purification of scFv-n with (G4S)n as n = 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9, the immunoreactivity of purified ND-1 scFv-n was determined by ELISA. A multi-factorial relationship model was employed to analyze the structural factors affecting scFv: rn=ABn-ABO2+CDn-CDO2+BCn-BCst2. The relationship between immunoreactivity and r-values revealed that fusion protein structure approached the desired state when the r-value = 3. The immunoreactivity declined as the r-value increased, but when the r-value exceeded a certain threshold, it stabilized. We used a linear relationship to analyze structural factors affecting scFv immunoreactivity.
Homogeneous reactant-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for therapeutic drugs exemplified by gentamicin determination in human serum. (1977)

We applied a homogeneous reactant-labeled fluorescent immunoassay to the measurement of therapeutic drug concentrations in human serum, exemplified here by gentamicin. A derivative of umbelliferyl-beta-galactoside was coupled covalently to the drug and this conjugate was found to be nonfluorescent under assay conditions. The drug/dye conjugate was a substrate for bacterial beta-galactosidase and yielded a fluorescent product. When the drug/dye conjugate was bound to anti-gentamicin antibody it was inactive as an enzymatic substrate. This inactivation was relieved by the presence of gentamicin in competitive binding reactions. Hence, the rate of production of fluorescence was proportional to the gentamicin concentration. The fluorescent assay yielded values which compared favorably to a radioimmunoassay for gentamicin in clinical serum samples (r=0.94, standard error of estimate=0.66 mg/liter). The fluorescent assay requires only 1 microliter of serum and offers several advantages over existing techniques: sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and the obviation of radioisotopes.
Using branch predictors to predict brain activity in brain-machine implants (2017)

A key problem with implantable brain-machine interfaces is that they need extreme energy efficiency. One way of lowering energy consumption is to use the low power modes available on the processors embedded in these devices. We present a technique to predict when neuronal activity of interest is likely to occur so that the processor can run at nominal operating frequency at those times, and be placed in low power modes otherwise. To achieve this, we discover that branch predictors can also predict brain activity. We perform brain surgeries on awake and anesthetized mice, and evaluate the ability of several branch predictors to predict neuronal activity in the cerebellum. We find that perceptron branch predictors can predict cerebellar activity with accuracies as high as 85%. Consequently, we co-opt branch predictors to dictate when to transition between low power and normal operating modes, saving as much as 59% of processor energy.
Calcium based non-viral gene delivery: an overview of methodology and applications. (2011)

Application of therapeutic gene transfer in the treatment of genetic diseases is a notable progress but there are some disadvantages and limitations in it. The process of overcoming these barriers is a drastic change in gene delivery. Recently, calcium phosphate nanoparticles alone, or in combination with viral and nonviral vectors, were found to have a positive effect on gene transfer especially when incorporated in the colloidal particulate systems. This review elaborates on various successful methods of using calcium phosphate nanoparticles in gene delivery, which are considered an advancing approach to gene delivery.
Large-Area Pressure-Enduring Entrance Windows for Soft X-Ray Regime (1994)

A technology capable of producing large-area pressure-tolerant x-ray entrance windows of submicrometer thickness is presented. It is based on successive tungsten griddings to support a multilayered membrane consisting of polyimide, aluminum, and aluminum nitride. The aspects of design and fabrication processes are discussed with emphasis on the window foil fabrication. The performance of the windows is presented in terms of x-ray transmission, gas leak, pressure endurance, and radiation hardness properties.
Cost projections for planar solid oxide fuel cell systems (1996)

The Gas Research Institute (GRI) is funding fundamental research on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that operate at reduced temperature. As part of this effort, we have carried out engineering analysis to determine what areas of research can have the greatest effect on the commercialization of SOFCs. Previous papers have evaluated the markets for SOFCs and the amount which a customer will be willing to pay for fuel cell systems or stacks in these markets, the contribution of materials costs to the total stack cost, and the benefits and design requirements associated with reduced temperature operation. In this paper, we describe the cost of fabricating SOFC stacks by different methods. The complete analysis is available in report form.
Studies on DNA damage and induction of SOS repair by novel multifunctional bioreducible compounds. II. A metronidazole adduct of a ruthenium-arene compound. (1992)

A new transition metal complex of the 5-nitroimidazole, metronidazole (1-beta-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole), has been prepared and its potential use as a hypoxic cell cytotoxic agent examined. The preparation of the complex [(eta6-C6H6)RuCl2(metronidazole)] is described together with its characterization using standard spectroscopic techniques. Electrochemical investigations showed that coordination to the metal centre had not altered the electron affinity of the metronidazole, but kinetic studies using the cyclic voltametric mode demonstrated that the one-electron addition product, the nitro radical anion, had a decreased lifetime, with a half-life of 7.75 and 11.9 s for the coordinated and free metronidazole ligand respectively. Biological studies employed viscosity measurements, DNA SOS repair capacity and a transfection assay to examine the effect on DNA. Conductance studies were also employed to determine the influence on intact Escherichia coli growth rates. The ruthenium-metronidazole complex showed greater activity than metronidazole aerobically, but a higher differential activity under hypoxic reduction conditions, due to activation of the NO2 group. Results with intact cells suggested a greater selective cytotoxicity with metronidazole coordinated to ruthenium than attained with the free ligand.
The Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Has Undergone Extensive Proliferation and Diversification in Nematodes (1999)

The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is the most abundant class of transcriptional regulators encoded in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, with >200 predicted genes revealed by the screens and analysis of genomic sequence reported here. This is the largest number of NR genes yet described from a single species, although our analysis of available genomic sequence from the related nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae indicates that it also has a large number. Existing data demonstrate expression for 25% of the C. elegans NR sequences. Sequence conservation and statistical arguments suggest that the majority represent functional genes. An analysis of these genes based on the DNA-binding domain motif revealed that several NR classes conserved in both vertebrates and insects are also represented among the nematode genes, consistent with the existence of ancient NR classes shared among most, and perhaps all, metazoans. Most of the nematode NR sequences, however, are distinct from those currently known in other phyla, and reveal a previously unobserved diversity within the NR superfamily. In C. elegans, extensive proliferation and diversification of NR sequences have occurred on chromosome V, accounting for > 50% of the predicted NR genes.
STUDIES ON THE VIRULENCE OF TUBERCLE BACILLI (1950)

The bacillary cords characteristic for virulent tubercle bacilli are readily disrupted when wet bacilli are suspended in hydrocarbons such as paraffin oil or petroleum ether. The disruption of cords is due to the removal of a material coating the surface of the bacilli and causing them to adhere to each other. This material can be obtained from virulent bacilli by extracting them with petroleum ether. It is a lipid. Avirulent variants of tubercle bacilli do not yield a similar material after extraction in the same manner; only little of it is obtained from BCG bacilli. The following properties of the fraction obtained by petroleum ether extraction are described: (a) It inhibits the migration of leukocytes in vitro. (b) If repeatedly injected in small doses into mice, it is toxic, whereas a single high dose does not give rise to toxic manifestations. (c) The susceptibility of mice to the toxic action of repeated injections parallels to some extent their degree of susceptibility to infection with the strain of tubercle bacilli from which the fraction was obtained. (d) The injection of the extracted material into guinea pigs does not induce a state of allergic reactivity toward tuberculin. Likewise, tuberculin-positive guinea pigs do not show hypersensitivity against injections of the extracted substance. Bacilli extracted with petroleum ether do not lose their viability. They grow out normally in vitro, and they are still pathogenic. However, the removal of the petroleum ether-soluble lipid from the bacilli results in a loss of the ability of the organisms to inhibit the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Moreover, mice and guinea pigs infected with extracted bacilli may develop tuberculosis considerably slower than animals injected with comparable amounts of unextracted organisms. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the problem of the virulence of tubercle bacilli.
Effects of irradiation on <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> sporozoite hepatic development: implications for the design of pre‐erythrocytic malaria vaccines (2002)

Immunization with irradiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites confer protection against live sporozoite challenge. Protection relies primarily on cytotoxic lymphocyte activity against infected hepatocytes, and is suppressed when sporozoites are over-irradiated. Here, we demonstrate that over-irradiated (25-30 krad) Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites invade human hepatocytes and transform into uninucleate liver-trophozoites with the same efficiency as non-irradiated and irradiation-attenuated (12-15 krad) sporozoites. Since hepatocytes infected with over-irradiated non-protective sporozoites are likely to express sporozoite-derived peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on their surface, our results strongly suggest that sporozoite proteins are not the main immunogens involved in protection, and thus may not per se constitute proper malaria vaccine candidates.
Comparative Antagonism of Kainate‐activated Kainate and AMPA Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons (1996)

Native kainate receptors expressed by cultured hippocampal cells were studied in the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique by using a fast perfusion system. About 80% of the neurons expressed kainate receptors independently of the time in culture (0-4 days), which coincided with the number of cells immunoreactive for a monoclonal antibody against the GluR5/6/7 subunits. Three types of cells were considered: neurons in which the rapid application of kainate induced a rapidly desensitizing current, cells in which kainate induced a more slowly rising, non-desensitizing, response and those in which a mixture of both responses was apparent. Steady responses induced by 300 microM kainate were inhibited by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.92 microM). CNQX was less potent in blocking transient kainate-induced responses (IC50 = 6.1 microM). Responses to kainate, whether steady or transient, were also inhibited by NS102, showing poor selectivity for the transient response (IC50 = 4.1 and 2.2 microM respectively). The new alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole (AMPA) receptor antagonist NS394 was very potent in inhibiting steady kainate-induced currents (IC50 = 0.45 microM), but was even more effective in preventing peak responses (IC50 = 0.13 microM). In contrast, cyclothiazide did not affect transient kainate-induced responses but did potentiate current induced by activation of AMPA receptors by AMPA or kainate. These results demonstrate the lack of complete selectivity amongst some available competitive antagonists for AMPA and kainate receptors, and indicate that kainate receptors expressed by hippocampal cells lack the cyclothiazide modulatory site present at AMPA receptors. In addition, the present data support the idea that low-affinity kainate binding sites in the brain correspond to receptor channels selectively activated by kainate.
Magnetic sails and interplanetary travel (1991)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Paliperidone extended-release tablets in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: meta-analysis of&nbsp;randomized controlled trials (2015)

Paliperidone ER is efficacious, safe, and well accepted when compared with other pooled SGAs for the treatment of Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
A new ‘sense’ RNA approach to block viral RNA replication<i>in vitro</i> (1987)

The use of "antisense" RNA is being widely considered to block specific steps in viral infection. We propose here a new "sense" RNA approach to block viral RNA replication in vitro and possibly in vivo. In the turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) system, the recognition site of the viral replicase (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) is assumed to be located within the 3' end of the RNA genome. Small "sense" RNAs have been obtained by in vitro transcription of the corresponding cloned cDNAs. Replication of TYMV RNA in vitro is shown here to be blocked only by those RNAs that contain the 3' terminal region of the genome.
THE MARGINALIA OF THE TREASURER'S RECEIPT ROLLS,1349–99—concluded (1930)

THE MARGINALIA OF THE TREASURER'S RECEIPT ROLLS,1349–99—concluded Anthony Steel Anthony Steel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Volume 8, Issue 22, June 1930, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1930.tb00568.x Published: 12 October 2007
R2D: Extracting Relational Structure from RDF Stores (2009)

The enthusiastic acceptance of Resource Description Framework (RDF) as a data model has given birth to a new data storage paradigm, namely, the RDF Graph model. The pool of modeling and visualization tools available for RDF stores is limited due to the technology being in its fledgling stage. The work presented in this paper, called R2D (RDF-to-Database) is an effort to make available, to RDF data stores, the abundance of relational tools that are currently in the market. This is done in the form of a JDBC wrapper around RDF Stores that presents a relational view of the stores and their data to the modeling and visualization tools. This paper presents key R2D functionalities and mapping constructs, procedures for every stage of R2D deployment, and sample results in the form of screenshots and performance graphs.
Optimized Linear, Quadratic and Cubic Interpolators for Elementary Function Hardware Implementations (2016)

This paper presents a method for designing linear, quadratic and cubic interpolators that compute elementary functions using truncated multipliers, squarers and cubers. Initial coefficient values are obtained using a Chebyshev series approximation. A direct search algorithm is then used to optimize the quantized coefficient values to meet a user-specified error constraint. The algorithm minimizes coefficient lengths to reduce lookup table requirements, maximizes the number of truncated columns to reduce the area, delay and power of the arithmetic units, and minimizes the maximum absolute error of the interpolator output. The method can be used to design interpolators to approximate any function to a user-specified accuracy, up to and beyond 53-bits of precision (e.g., IEEE double precision significand). Linear, quadratic and cubic interpolator designs that approximate reciprocal, square root, reciprocal square root and sine are presented and analyzed. Area, delay and power estimates are given for 16, 24 and 32-bit interpolators that compute the reciprocal function, targeting a 65 nm CMOS technology from IBM. Results indicate the proposed method uses smaller arithmetic units and has reduced lookup table sizes compared to previously proposed methods. The method can be used to optimize coefficients in other systems while accounting for coefficient quantization as well as truncation and rounding effects of multiple arithmetic units.
Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability during Exercise in Trained Subjects (2004)

Parasympathetic respiratory control and nonautonomic mechanisms may influence the HF-peak shift during strenuous exercise. HRV and the usual indexes of sympathetic activity do not accurately reflect changes in autonomic modulation during exhaustive exercise.
Fracture growth-I. Formulation and implementations (1995)

The orientation of fracture growth θ can be determined by using the maximum strain-energy release-rate criterion Gmax. When a fracture is under compression, the evaluation of G(θ) involves the solution to frictional contact problems, where the fracture faces are constrained by the non-interpenetration condition and a friction law. We propose a repulsion scheme to handle these constraints on the fracture faces: the interpenetration is iteratively eliminated by adjusting the normal compressive force (repulsion), and the friction law is satisfied by modifying the friction resistance at each iteration. Under uniaxial compression, the numerical results show that an artificial cut extends by a kink, which is consistent with laboratory observations. Fractures under pure mode II (simple shearing) and under mixed-mode loading (transtension) grow by a kink and along a smooth, slightly convex trajectory; the computed path is almost identical to the one obtained in the laboratory.
Innovative High Voltage transistors for complex HV/RF SoCs in baseline CMOS (2008)

Trends in portable applications lead to integration of power management, power amplification and RF functionality in a single chip using the most advanced CMOS technology. The required HV transistors should be strictly realized in baseline CMOS to guarantee cost competitiveness and short time-to-market. This paper advocates innovative transistor architectures based on smart layout to address this challenge in both bulk and PD-SOI sub-100 nm CMOS.
Directing the Lithium–Sulfur Reaction Pathway via Sparingly Solvating Electrolytes for High Energy Density Batteries (2017)

The lithium-sulfur battery has long been seen as a potential next generation battery chemistry for electric vehicles owing to the high theoretical specific energy and low cost of sulfur. However, even state-of-the-art lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from short lifetimes due to the migration of highly soluble polysulfide intermediates and exhibit less than desired energy density due to the required excess electrolyte. The use of sparingly solvating electrolytes in lithium-sulfur batteries is a promising approach to decouple electrolyte quantity from reaction mechanism, thus creating a pathway toward high energy density that deviates from the current catholyte approach. Herein, we demonstrate that sparingly solvating electrolytes based on compact, polar molecules with a 2:1 ratio of a functional group to lithium salt can fundamentally redirect the lithium-sulfur reaction pathway by inhibiting the traditional mechanism that is based on fully solvated intermediates. In contrast to the standard catholyte sulfur electrochemistry, sparingly solvating electrolytes promote intermediate- and short-chain polysulfide formation during the first third of discharge, before disproportionation results in crystalline lithium sulfide and a restricted fraction of soluble polysulfides which are further reduced during the remaining discharge. Moreover, operation at intermediate temperatures ca. 50 °C allows for minimal overpotentials and high utilization of sulfur at practical rates. This discovery opens the door to a new wave of scientific inquiry based on modifying the electrolyte local structure to tune and control the reaction pathway of many precipitation-dissolution chemistries, lithium-sulfur and beyond.