gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclization of N6-substituted adenines to produce compounds of the pentaaza steroid type (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization of N6-substituted adenines to produce compounds of the pentaaza steroid typeNelson J. Leonard and Roy A. Swaringen Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 12, 3814–3819Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01264a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01264a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integral Video Coding (2014)

In recent years, 3D camera products and prototypes based on Integral imaging (II) technique have gradually emerged and gained broad attention. II is a method that spatially samples the natural light (light field) of a scene, usually using a microlens array or a camera array and records the light field using a high resolution 2D image sensor. The large amount of data generated by II and the redundancy it contains together lead to the need for an efficient compression scheme. During recent years, the compression of 3D integral images has been widely researched. Nevertheless, there have not been many approaches proposed regarding the compression of integral videos (IVs). The objective of the thesis is to investigate efficient coding methods for integral videos. The integral video frames used are captured by the first consumer used light field camera Lytro. One of the coding methods is to encode the video data directly by an H.265/HEVC encoder. In other coding schemes the integral video is first converted to an array of sub-videos with different view perspectives. The sub-videos are then encoded either independently or following a specific reference picture pattern which uses a MVHEVC encoder. In this way the redundancy between the multi-view videos is utilized instead of the original elemental images. Moreover, by varying the pattern of the subvideo input array and the number of inter-layer reference pictures, the coding performance can be further improved. Considering the intrinsic properties of the input video sequences, a QP-per-layer scheme is also proposed in this thesis. Though more studies would be required regarding time and complexity constraints for real-time applications as well as dramatic increase of number of views, the methods proposed inthis thesis prove to be an efficient compression for integral videos.
Frameless stereotaxy using bone fiducial markers for deep brain stimulation (2005)

The accuracy of the frame-based and frameless systems was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.22). Note, however, that frameless techniques offer advantages in patient comfort, separation of imaging from surgery, and decreased operating time.
Isothermal DNA Amplification with Gold Nanosphere-Based Visual Colorimetric Readout for Herpes Simplex Virus Detection (2007)

There is a need for rapid nucleic acid amplification and detection technologies suitable for point-of-care settings. PCR-based molecular diagnostics, portable thermocyclers, and rapid microfluidic techniques are emerging technologies (1), but the use of isothermal nucleic acid amplification would make less demanding instrumentation feasible. Most isothermal methods reported to date(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) require reaction times >30 min. In this study, we describe very rapid isothermal DNA amplification through EXPAR (exponential amplification reaction)(8)(9) coupled with visual colorimetric detection facilitated by aggregation of DNA-functionalized gold nanospheres(10)(11)(12) applied to a genomic sequence derived from herpes simplex virus (HSV)1.

Rapid detection of HSV infections is important in HIV-positive and immunocompromised individuals (13)(14), pregnant women, and newborns(15). PCR-based assays are superior to viral cultures and immunoassays for the diagnosis of HSV infections from cerebrospinal fluid(16) and genital, oral, and topical swabs(17)(18)(19)(20). New rapid, low-cost molecular diagnostic tools can enable broad-based testing of at-risk populations, providing effective patient treatment and preventing further disease spread.

EXPAR (8)(9) isothermally amplifies a short oligonucleotide trigger 106- to 109-fold in <10 min. EXPAR occurs at 55 °C, permitting activity and stability of the polymerase and nicking endonuclease involved in the reaction(9). Trigger X primes an amplification template containing 2 complimentary X′ sequences and enables generation of the nicking enzyme recognition and cleavage site (see Fig. S1 in the Data Supplement that accompanies the online version of this Abstracts of Oak Ridge Posters at http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol53/issue11). Trigger extension and single-strand nicking create another trigger oligonucleotide, which dissociates from the amplification template. Through repeating cycles of elongating and nicking, the trigger is linearly amplified. Newly formed triggers prime other …
A discrete stochastic process for coverage analysis of autonomous UAV networks (2010)

Networked unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found an increasing number of applications in recent years. In this work, we provide an analytical method to evaluate the sensor coverage performance of a UAV network, where the individual UAVs can work independently or cooperatively to achieve a common goal. More specifically, we propose a stochastic model in terms of a Markov chain including approximations for its parameters. Studying several scenarios using the Markov chain as well as simulations, we investigate the impact of network size and area size on the achieved coverage. While the Markovbased analysis is an approximation, the results are still in good agreement with the simulations.
Modelling of Corrosion of Cylinder Liner in Diesel Engines Caused by Sulphur in the Diesel Fuel (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to increasing problems with corrosive wear in marine Diesel Engines, caused by sulphuric acid, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of corrosion. Based on experience with large marine diesel engine operation, a mechanism model is proposed and verified by comparison with practical experience. From operation of engines it is known that the corrosion problem is most severe where the lubrication of the liner is most unsatisfactory. Therefore, most effort is put into modelling the formation and transportation of acid in the lubricant film area. Results from modelling the risk of corrosion during different engine operation conditions are presented.</div>
The effect of sea level cosmic rays on electronic devices (1980)

The evaluation of the effects of cosmic rays on computer memories and its application to typical memory devices will be discussed. Conclusions indicate that cosmic ray nucleons and muons could have a significant effect on the next generation of computer memory circuitry. Error rates increase rapidly with altitude, offering the potential of accelerated testing to make electronic equipment less sensitive to the cosmic rays.
A routing protocol for packet radio networks (1995)

Abstract : The authors present a new distance-vector routing protocol for a packet radio network. The new distributed routing protocol, Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), works on the notion of second-to-last hop node to a destination. WRP reduces the number of cases in which a temporary routing loop can occur and also provides a mechanism for the reliable transmission of update messages. The performance of WRP has been compared quantitatively by simulations with that of distributed Bellman-Ford (DBF), DUAL (a loop-free, distance-vector algorithm), and an ideal link-state algorithm (ILS) that represents the state of the art of Internet routing in a highly dynamic environment. The simulation results indicate that WRP is the most efficient of the algorithms simulated in a wireless environment.
Gene Targeting in<i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>: Disruption of the<i>lys2</i>Gene Leads to Penicillin Overproduction (1999)

Two strategies have been used for targeted integration at the lys2 locus of Penicillium chrysogenum. In the first strategy the disruption of lys2 was obtained by a single crossing over between the endogenous lys2 and a fragment of the same gene located in an integrative plasmid. lys2-disrupted mutants were obtained with 1.6% efficiency when the lys2 homologous region was 4.9 kb, but no homologous integration was observed with constructions containing a shorter homologous region. Similarly, lys2-disrupted mutants were obtained by a double crossing over (gene replacement) with an efficiency of 0.14% by using two lys2 homologous regions of 4.3 and 3.0 kb flanking the pyrG marker. No homologous recombination was observed when the selectable marker was flanked by short lys2 homologous DNA fragments. The disruption of lys2 was confirmed by Southern blot analysis of three different lysine auxotrophs obtained by a single crossing over or gene replacement. The lys2-disrupted mutants lacked alpha-aminoadipate reductase activity (encoded by lys2) and showed specific penicillin yields double those of the parental nondisrupted strain, Wis 54-1255. The alpha-aminoadipic acid precursor is channelled to penicillin biosynthesis by blocking the lysine biosynthesis branch at the alpha-aminoadipate reductase level.
RONA (2011)

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Piezoresistive effect in top-down fabricated silicon nanowires (2008)

We have designed and fabricated silicon test chips to investigate the piezoresistive properties of both crystalline and polycrystalline nanowires using a top-down approach, in order to comply with conventional fabrication techniques. The test chip consists of 5 silicon nanowires and a reference resistor, each with integrated contacts for electrical 4-point measurements. We show an increase in the piezoresistive effect of 633% compared to bulk silicon. Preliminary temperature measurements indicate a larger temperature dependence of silicon nanowires, compared to bulk silicon. An increase of up to 34% compared to bulk polysilicon is observed in polysilicon nanowires with decreasing dimensions.
ROUTABILITY-DRIVEN PACKING: METRICS AND ALGORITHMS FOR CLUSTER-BASED FPGAs (2004)

Most of the FPGA's area and delay are due to routing. Considering routability at earlier steps of the CAD flow would both yield better quality and faster design process. In this paper, we discuss the metrics that affect routability in packing logic into clusters. We are presenting a routability-driven clustering method for cluster-based FPGAs. Our method packs LUTs into logic clusters while incorporating routability metrics into a cost function. Based on our routability model, the routability in timing-driven packing algorithm is analyzed. We integrate our routability model into a timing-driven packing algorithm. Our method yields up to 50% improvement in terms of the minimum number of routing tracks compared to VPack (16.5% on average). The average routing area improvement is 27% over VPack and 12% over t-VPack.
Exploring the Influence of Signal Molecules on Marine Biofilms Development (2020)

Microbes respond to environmental stimuli through complicated signal transduction systems. In microbial biofilms, because of complex multiple species interactions, signals transduction systems are of an even higher complexity. Here, we performed a signal-molecule-treatment experiment to study the role of different signal molecules, including N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), <i>Pseudomonas</i> quinolone signal (PQS), and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), in the development of marine biofilms. Comparative metagenomics suggested a distinctive influence of these molecules on the microbial structure and function of multi-species biofilm communities in its developing stage. The PQS-treated biofilms shared the least similarity with the control and initial biofilms. The role of PQS in biofilm development was further explored experimentally with the strain <i>Erythrobacter</i> sp. HKB8 isolated from marine biofilms. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that 314 genes, such as those related to signal transduction and biofilm formation, were differentially expressed in the untreated and PQS-treated <i>Erythrobacter</i> sp. HKB8 biofilms. Our study demonstrated the different roles of signal molecules in marine biofilm development. In particular, the PQS-based signal transduction system, which is frequently detected in marine biofilms, may play an important role in regulating microbe-microbe interactions and the assemblage of biofilm communities.
Static Ataxia as a Psychobiological Marker for Alcoholism (1987)

Sons and daughters of male alcoholics were compared with the sons and daughters of controls on two measures of static ataxia. Increased sway was seen in the children of the alcoholic fathers who had an average of 3.7 first- and second-degree relatives meeting criteria for alcoholism. The possibility that static ataxia may be a psychobiological marker for the more genetically mediated variant of alcoholism is discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate Based-Magnetic Nanocomposites (2009)

Calcium alginate beads were synthesized through a cross-linking reaction between sodium alginate and calcium solutions. The effect of calcium concentration on the bead strength and chemical stability were investigated. Beads produced from a 0.5M Ca solution were robust and resistant to chemical dissolution. Co-precipitated magnetite nanocrystals were functionalized with meso-2,3dimercaptosuccinic acid and dispersed inside the beads to form a magnetic polymer nanocomposite. The resulting nanocomposite can be used as sorbent for toxic aqueous species because of the ionic exchange capabilities exhibited by the alginate matrix and its synergistic interaction with functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the expected structures in pure beads and the corresponding nanocomposites. The magnetization of the nanocomposite was tuned by controlling the weight load of the magnetite phase within the alginate matrix.
FULLY COUPLED GEOMECHANICS AND DISCRETE FLOW NETWORK MODELING OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FOR GEOTHERMAL APPLICATIONS (2011)

The primary objective of our current research is to develop a computational test bed for evaluating borehole techniques to enhance fluid flow and heat transfer in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Simulating processes resulting in hydraulic fracturing and/or the remobilization of existing fractures, especially the interaction between propagating fractures and existing fractures, represents a critical goal of our project. To this end, we are continuing to develop a hydraulic fracturing simulation capability within the Livermore Distinct Element Code (LDEC), a combined FEM/DEM analysis code with explicit solid-fluid mechanics coupling. LDEC simulations start from an initial fracture distribution which can be stochastically generated or upscaled from the statistics of an actual fracture distribution. During the hydraulic stimulation process, LDEC tracks the propagation of fractures and other modifications to the fracture system. The output is transferred to the Non-isothermal Unsaturated Flow and Transport (NUFT) code to capture heat transfer and flow at the reservoir scale. This approach is intended to offer flexibility in the types of analyses we can perform, including evaluating the effects of different system heterogeneities on the heat extraction rate as well as seismicity associated with geothermal operations. This paper details the basic methodology of our approach. Two numerical examples showing the capability and effectiveness of our simulator are also presented.
Prospective Genetic Screening Decreases the Incidence of Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reactions in the Western Australian HIV Cohort Study (2006)

Abacavir therapy is associated with significant drug hypersensitivity in approximately 8% of recipients, with retrospective studies indicating a strong genetic association with the HLA-B*5701 allele. In this prospective study, involving 260 abacavir-naive individuals (7.7% of whom were positive for HLA-B*5701), we confirm the usefulness of genetic risk stratification, with no cases of abacavir hypersensitivity among 148 HLA-B*5701-negative recipients.
Adaptive EPSAC predictive control of the hypnotic component in anesthesia (2012)

The applications presented in this paper are oriented towards the study of the possibilities to apply adaptive algorithms to a model based EPSAC (Extended Prediction Self-Adaptive Control) scheme for control of depth of anesthesia (DOA). The input variable is Propofol, an anesthetic substance used for both induction and maintenance control of DOA which is evaluated by means of the Bispectral index (BIS). An adaptive control algorithm based on an indirect adaptive predictive method is used. The unknown model parameters are estimated by recursive least square algorithm. The simulation tests performed on virtually generated models for a set of 12 patients show a fast response, optimal dosage and robustness of the algorithm regarding the control of the desired BIS setpoint during induction and maintainance phase.
Risk Factors Associated With the Failure of a Venous Leg Ulcer to Heal (1999)

Several risk factors are associated with the failure of a patient's venous leg ulcer to heal while using limb-compression therapy. It is prudent to consider these factors when referring a patient to a wound care subspecialists or for alternative therapies.
Guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (1999)

As public smoking and tobacco advertising are increasingly banned in North America and Europe, tobacco companies are likely to attempt to boost their sales in other parts of the world: Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the former Communist states in Eastern Europe. The current epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be transferred to these countries as well. COPD can be definitively diagnosed only by spirometry. The median survival time is 5-10 years. In the long run, the most effective treatment will be smoking cessation programs. Pharmaceutical interventions include bronchodilators and, for a minority of patients, inhaled steroids. Domiciliary oxygen should be provided only when there is demonstrable hypoxia. The British Thoracic Society guidelines on COPD are relevant to developing countries as well as the UK.
Realization of waveguiding epitaxial GaN layers on Si by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2003)

Waveguiding GaN epitaxial layers have been grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on Si(111) substrates using AlN/GaN short period-superlattice (SPS) buffer layer systems. The AlN/GaN SPS has been studied by x-ray diffraction where it appears as pseudoternary AlxGa1−xN alloy. Using elastic theory an effective Al content of 44% is calculated. This value is confirmed by the average Al content calculated from the AlN:GaN layer thickness ratio measured in cross-section transmission electron microscopy. The GaN waveguiding properties have been assessed using the prism coupling method. They sensibly improve with the total thickness of the underlying AlN/GaN superlattice as well as if an additional AlN/GaN SPS is grown atop the GaN waveguiding layer.
A Virtual Change Agent: Motivating Pre-service Teachers to Integrate Technology in Their Future Classrooms (2008)

In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for an anthropomorphic change agent to motivate pre-service teachers to integrate technology into teaching and learning. This agent is designed with a hybrid persona that simulates a mentor and plays both motivation and companion roles. Based on the theoretical grounding in motivation and change agency and related research, we propose that a computer-based change agent will impact pre-service teachers ’ attitudes toward technology integration and improve their abilities to be effective users of educational technology. The impact on learning and instruction is explained as a process of changing perceptions and concerns about the value of using technology to support their learning. We build on models of innovation-decision processes and attributes of adoption of innovation and concern-based adoption. Practical considerations for the design of a virtual change agent are provided with respect to appearance, voice and emotional expression. Further research is also discussed, especially regard to empirical validation of specific components of the framework and longitudinal studies of teacher attitudes.
Transforming Growth Factor β1 Down-regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2/flk-1 Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells (1996)

Although the importance of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor (VEGFR) system in angiogenesis is well established, very little is known about the regulation of VEGFR expression in vascular endothelial cells. We have cloned partial cDNAs encoding bovine VEGFR-1 (flt) and -2 (flk-1) and used them to study VEGFR expression by bovine microvascular- and large vessel-derived endothelial cells. Both cell lines express flk-1, but not flt. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) reduced the high affinity 125I-VEGF binding capacity of both cell types in a dose-dependent manner, with a 2.0-2.7-fold decrease at 1-10 ng/ml. Cross-linking experiments revealed a decrease in 125I-VEGF binding to a cell surface monomeric protein corresponding to Flk-1 on the basis of its affinity for VEGF, molecular mass (185-190 kDa), and apparent internalization after VEGF binding. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiments demonstrated a decrease in Flk-1 protein expression, and TGF-beta 1 reduced flk-1 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. These results imply that TGF-beta 1 is a major regulator of the VEGF/Flk-1 signal transduction pathway in endothelial cells.