gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct roles for the N- and C-terminal regions in the cytotoxicity of pierisin-1, a putative ADP-ribosylating toxin from cabbage butterfly, against mammalian cells (2001)

Pierisin-1 is an 850-aa cytotoxic protein found in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, and has been suggested to consist of an N-terminal region with ADP-ribosyltransferase domain and of a C-terminal region that might have a receptor-binding domain. To elucidate the role of each region, we investigated the functions of various fragments of pierisin-1. In vitro expressed polypeptide consisting of amino acid residues 1-233 or 234-850 of pierisin-1 alone did not show cytotoxicity against human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. However, the presence of both polypeptides in the culture medium showed some of the original cytotoxic activity. Introduction of the N-terminal polypeptide alone by electroporation also induced cell death in HeLa cells, and even in the mouse melanoma MEB4 cells insensitive to pierisin-1. Thus, the N-terminal region has a principal role in the cytotoxicity of pierisin-1 inside mammalian cells. Analyses of incorporated pierisin-1 indicated that the entire protein, regardless of whether it consisted of a single polypeptide or two separate N- and C-terminal polypeptides, was incorporated into HeLa cells. However, neither of the terminal polypeptides was incorporated when each polypeptide was present separately. These findings indicate that the C-terminal region is important for the incorporation of pierisin-1. Moreover, presence of receptor for pierisin-1 in the lipid fraction of cell membrane was suggested. The cytotoxic effects of pierisin-1 were enhanced by previous treatment with trypsin, producing "nicked" pierisin-1. Generation of the N-terminal fragment in HeLa cells was detected after application of intact entire molecule of pierisin-1. From the above observations, it is suggested that after incorporation of pierisin-1 into the cell by interaction of its C-terminal region with the receptor in the cell membrane, the entire protein is cleaved into the N- and C-terminal fragments with intracellular protease, and the N-terminal fragment then exhibits cytotoxicity.
Molecular Analysis of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> PCR Ribotype 027 Isolates from Eastern and Western Canada (2006)

The prevalence and characteristics of PCR ribotype 027 strains of Clostridium difficile have come into question following recent outbreaks in Eastern Canada and elsewhere. In order to determine the distribution of this strain in other regions in Canada, we screened a bank of 1,419 isolates recovered from three different Canadian health regions between 2000 and 2004. Among isolates from a Montreal area hospital, PCR ribotype 027 strains represented 115/153 strains (75.2%) from 2003 to 2004, but ribotype 027 strains were absent in 2000 and 2001. In Calgary, by contrast, ribotype 027 rates have remained relatively stable over 4 years of surveillance, representing 51/685 (7.4%) hospital isolates and 62/373 (16.6%) strains from the community (P < 0.001). PCR ribotype 027 accounted for 8/135 (5.9%) hospital isolates in the Fraser Health Region in 2004. repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR was used to subtype a random selection of 027 isolates from each region. All 10 of the isolates from Quebec were of a single subtype, which was also dominant among isolates from Alberta (8/10 isolates) and British Columbia (6/8 isolates). Comparative sequencing of the tcdC repressor gene confirmed the documented 18-bp deletion and identified a second, single-base-pair deletion at position 117. Both deletions were conserved across all three provinces and were identified in a United Kingdom reference strain. The presence of a frameshift in the early portion of the tcdC gene implies serious functional disruption and may contribute to the hypervirulence of the 027 phenotype. PCR ribotype 027 strains appear to be widely distributed, to predate the Montreal outbreak, and to have measurable community presence in Western Canada.
Research on Forecasting Call Center Traffic through PCA and BP Artificial Neural Network (2012)

Accurately forecasting future call volumes is critical for scheduling of a call center. This thesis develops a PCA-BP model to forecast future call volumes of half-hour periods. the approach adopted firstly uses principle component analysis to eliminate the intraday correlations between the call volumes of 48 consecutive half-hour periods and to simplify the structure of BP neural network by dimension reduction. the processed data are then input into BP network for training. We use the trained network to forecast future call volumes and apply a competing model to the same data. It turns out that the new model performs better and can be adapted in call center traffic forecasting. to the best of our knowledge, the forecasting method we built has not been used in this area hitherto and it deserves trial application accordingly.
Spatially resolved full characterization of sub-10-fs pulses using SPIDER (2002)

Summary form only given. In recent years, there has been a rapid progress in the field of optical pulse characterization. Techniques such as frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) and spectral interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) allow for a full characterization of amplitude and phase of a pulse. In this paper we describe the use of the SPIDER technique to perform a spatially resolved full characterization of sub-10 fs pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser.
GeTe / Sb 7 Te 3 superlatticelike structure for lateral phase change memory (2009)

A series of superlatticelike (SLL) structure incorporated with two phase-change materials GeTe and Sb7Te3 was applied in lateral phase change memory. Power consumption and lifetime were used as two criteria to optimize the SLL structure. It was found that with the thickness ratio of GeTe to Sb7Te3 at 1.6, the RESET current could be as low as 1.5 mA and the endurance could reach as high as 5.3×106 cycles. By varying the thickness ratio of GeTe to Sb7Te3, the crystallization temperature of SLL structures and the performance of lateral phase change memory with these SLL structures can be controlled.
Effects of semiuniform losses in reactance 2-ports (1972)

Antimetric reactance 2-ports are shown to be affected by uniform and semiuniform losses in the same way. This permits the uniform predistortion of an antimetric filter or an allpass network containing semiuniformly lossy elements.
Effects of anti-estrogens on early pregnancy in guinea pigs. (1994)

The results of the study suggest that anti-estrogens, if administered during early pregnancy, can prevent the process of ovum implantation in this species.
Production of Vinblastine by Coupling Vindoline from Cultivated Plants by SFE and Catharanthine from Hairy Root Cultures in Vinca (1993)

Vindoline was efficiently extracted from the leaves of cultivated plants at 35-70 C and at 100-300 bar by SFE (supercritical fluid extraction) using carbon dioxide. The highest vindoline selectivity (63%) out of the extract was obtained at 35 C and at 100 bar. Catharanthine was chemically extracted from the hairy root cultures by two stage culture using sucrose and fructose. The monomeric precursors vindoline and catharanthine were coupled in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of ferric ion.
Brain imaging and cognitive dysfunctions in Huntington’s disease (2006)

Recent decades have seen tremendous growth in our understanding of the cognitive dysfunctions observed in Huntington's disease (HD). Advances in neuroimaging have contributed greatly to this growth. We reviewed the role that structural and functional neuroimaging techniques have played in elucidating the cerebral bases of the cognitive deficits associated with HD. We conducted a computer-based search using PubMed and PsycINFO databases to retrieve studies of patients with HD published between 1965 and December 2004 that reported measures on cognitive tasks and used neuroimaging techniques. Structural neuroimaging has provided important evidence of morphological brain changes in HD. Striatal and cortical atrophy are the most common findings, and they correlate with cognitive deficits in attention, working memory and executive functions. Functional studies have also demonstrated correlations between striatal dysfunction and cognitive performance. Striatal hypoperfusion and decreased glucose utilization correlate with executive dysfunction. Hypometabolism also occurs throughout the cerebral cortex and correlates with performance on recognition memory, language and perceptual tests. Measures of presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine biochemistry have also correlated with measurements of episodic memory, speed of processing and executive functioning. Aided by the results of numerous neuroimaging studies, it is becoming increasingly clear that cognitive deficits in HD involve abnormal connectivity between the basal ganglia and cortical areas. In the future, neuroimaging techniques may shed the most light on the pathophysiology of HD by defining neurodegenerative disease phenotypes as a valuable tool for knowing when patients become "symptomatic," having been in a gene-positive presymptomatic state, and as a biomarker in following the disease, thereby providing a prospect for improved patient care.
Inhibitors of aspartic proteases – potential antimalarial agents (2006)

This review emphasises the importance of research in the field of new antimalarial therapeutic agents, summarises the biology of plasmepsin II, a protozoal aspartic protease, and other related plasmepsins, and analyses the scientific literature and the patent literature describing efforts in the search for inhibitors of plasmepsins. As there are only very limited efforts in this area by the pharmaceutical industry, the patent literature reviewed covers the period of the last 10 years and, in addition, the article discusses results published by academic research groups. Several approaches are based on earlier work in the field of HIV-1 protease inhibitors and of renin inhibitors.
HIV and AIDS. (1991)

tion of asthma. For this to be successful it is important that the Department of Health should play an active part. Over the past decade almost all the initiatives have come from charities such as the National Asthma Campaign and professional bodies such as the British Thoracic Society. The greatest barrier to achieving a lower prevalence of asthma would be the Department of Health failing to live up to the promise of The Health of the Nation and reverting to the view that only those problems that have simple managerial solutions are of relevance to its strategy.
Selective laser sintering of single‐ and two‐component metal powders (2003)

A comparative characterisation of selective laser sintering (SLS) mechanisms of single‐ and two‐component powders is presented. The effects of the volume fraction of liquid phase and the powder absorptance were discussed. Single‐component Ni‐alloy, Fe and Cu powders as well as two‐component powder systems based on Ni‐alloy, Fe and Cu were investigated. In particular, the following types of two‐component powder systems were studied: Ni‐alloy‐Cu and Fe‐Cu powder mixtures as well as Cu‐coated Ni‐alloy powder and Cu‐coated Fe powders. SLS experiments were performed with a CW‐ Nd:YAG laser ( λ =1.06 μ m). The acting mechanism in all cases was liquid phase sintering.
Application of 30-MHz acoustic scattering to the study of human red blood cells (1988)

A technique for simultaneously measuring the scattering amplitude of individual particles at two angles is applied to human red blood cells. Using a Rayleigh scattering model, the density and compressibility of the cells may be determined given a priori knowledge of their volume. A calibration method relying on measurements of the bulk properties of particle suspensions is described. Red cell properties in hypotonic and hypertonic hosts are compared with a homogeneous mixture model, and a linear relation between hemoglobin content and scattering amplitude at a 90 deg scattering angle is established.
Salivary calprotectin levels are raised in patients with oral candidiasis or Sjögren’s syndrome but decreased by HIV infection (2001)

Calprotectin levels were determined in whole saliva from patients predisposed to oral candidiasis due to HIV infection or Sjögren's syndrome and from patients with candidiasis associated with various oral disorders (e.g. lichen planus, oral ulceration). Mean calprotectin levels were higher in whole saliva (2 microgram/ml) than in parotid saliva (0.3 microgram/ml). Oral candidiasis was associated with raised whole saliva calprotectin levels in all groups studied. HIV infection was associated with lower levels of salivary calprotectin, in the presence of high or low salivary Candida counts, although CD4+ lymphocyte counts did not significantly correlate with calprotectin concentrations. Calprotectin levels were elevated in saliva from Sjögren's syndrome patients with oral candidiasis, consistent with mucosal transudation of calprotectin from inflamed mucosa and limited dilution due to decreased salivary flow rates. This study indicates that oral candidiasis is associated with raised calprotectin levels secondary to mucosal inflammation, but that diminution of this candidacidal factor due to HIV infection may be a predisposing factor in the aetiology of oral candidiasis.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering amplification in centimeter-long directly written chalcogenide waveguides (2012)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) amplification is obtained in directly written As2S3 channel waveguides. Centimeter-long waveguides were written using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser, operating at a central wavelength of 810 nm. The cross-section of the waveguides was of 4 μm×1 μm. A Brillouin frequency shift of 7.5 GHz is observed, in general agreement with corresponding previous studies. The SBS gain spectrum in the short waveguides is comparatively broad, with a full width at half-maximum of 200 MHz. We attribute the broad linewidth to the spatial evolution of the electromagnetic field profile along the waveguide.
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Immune-stimulating Complexes (Iscoms), but Not Measles Virus Iscoms, Protect Dogs against CDV Infection (1988)

The potential of immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), a novel form of antigenic presentation, for the induction of protective immunity against morbillivirus infection was shown by immunizing dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) iscoms, which contained the fusion (F) protein and a minor amount of the haemagglutinin of the virus. The immunized dogs developed CDV-neutralizing antibodies but, in contrast to non-immunized dogs, did not develop viraemia or clinical signs of infection upon intranasal challenge with the virulent Snyder Hill strain of CDV. Immunization of dogs with measles virus (MV) iscoms, prepared either from affinity-purified MV F protein or from purified whole virus, resulted in partial protection against challenge with CDV. The data presented clearly show that the iscom form of antigenic presentation may be considered a serious candidate for subunit vaccines against morbillivirus infection.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMALLY STABLE SULFENIC ACID: (3R,4R)‐1‐(TERT‐BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYL)‐3‐PHTHALIMIDO‐2‐OXO‐AZETIDINE‐4‐SULFENIC ACID (1982)

Abstract Das β‐Iactam‐sulfoxid (I) wird mit Trifluoracetanhydrid und Natriumiodid zum Sulfid (IIa) reduziert, am Stickstoff zu (IIb) silyliert und erneut mit Persäure zum S‐Oxid (III) oxidiert, dessen Stereoisomere getrennt und zugeordnet werden.
Subjective testing results for still picture compression algorithms for international standardization (2003)

During 1987 and 1988, a joint group of ISO and CCITT has worked to create a world standard for data compression of still-frame color continuous-tone images. During this period, the adaptive discrete cosine transform (ADCT) was selected for final refinement from 12 proposed algorithms. Because the standard is required to provide either lossless or lossy compression, subjective image quality testing procedures were used extensively in the selection process. Each algorithm compressed test pictures to predefined bit rates, and the quality of the resulting images was evaluated using a modification of the CCIR 500 television quality evaluation procedures. The authors describe the perceptual test procedures and results which led to selection of the ADCT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitric Oxide Activity Is Deficient in Spasm Arteries of Patients With Coronary Spastic Angina (1996)

There is a deficiency in endothelial NO activity in spasm arteries, which leads to the supersensitivity of the artery to the vasodilator effect of nitroglycerin and to the vasoconstrictor effect of acetylcholine in patients with CSA. This deficient endothelial NO activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm.
Electrical Characterization of NCP- and NCF-Bonded Fine-Pitch Flip-Chip-on-Flexible Packages (2007)

Electronic portable devices are aimed towards higher response speed with a better viewing resolution display. Nonconductive paste (NCP) and nonconductive film (NCF) are the adhesive materials used in fine-pitch display applications. This study compares two commercially available adhesives for fine-pitch chip-on-flex (COF) applications. The electrical performance of the NCP-bonded COF was better compared to the NCF. The rheological properties of these materials in the initial stages and the mechanical properties of the adhesives after bonding are claimed to be the main factors. The semisolid form of the NCF which melts and flows slowly from the interconnection joints finally reduced the effective contact area in the joint as compared to the NCP. A low-pressure bonding caused entrapment of adhesive in the joints, induced stress accumulation in the Z-direction during high thermal loading, and a high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch in between bumps, adhesive, and electrode traces on the flexible substrate were the key factors for the degradation of electrical conductivity. A high load of 100 N and above was recommended since the effective contact area built into the interconnection was good and reliable after 400 cycles of a thermal shock test of -55degC-125degC. The NCP with a higher elastic modulus which ensures higher stiffness and stability towards elongation gave a better reliability in this environmental test. Cross sectioning and SEM analysis provide evidence of the effective contact area of the joint before and after the thermal cycle environmental test
New Types of Mutation Affecting Formation of Alkaline Phosphatase by Bacillus subtilis in Sporulation Conditions (1977)

Mutations defining three new loci, sapA, sapB and phoS, were detected by their ability to overcome the phosphatase-negative phenotype of early-blocked asporogenous mutants in sporulation conditions. Synthesis of alkaline phosphatase by Bacillus subtilis is subject to 'vegetative' and 'sporulation' controls. The phoS mutations resulted in constitutive production of alkaline phosphatase and so could be altered in either the 'vegetative' or the 'sporulation' control system. The sapA and sapB mutations only affected alkaline phosphatase formation in sporulation conditions, and were considered to be sporulation specific. They rendered 'sporulation' alkaline phosphatase formation independent of all the spomutations tested, and so independent of the control of the dependent sequences of spo locus expression; as the enzyme was not formed constitutively, it remained subject to some other sporulation control. The sapA and phoS loci were placed between argC4 and metC3 on the genetic map; the sapB locus was located close to purB6. The three loci mapped separately from all known spo loci.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Acetylthiocholine by Butyrylcholine Esterase (2002)

Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by the enzyme butyrylcholine esterase was studied. The spectrophotometric Ellman's method and potentiometric pH-stat method were used for continuous determination of the actual concentration of the products thiocholine and acetic acid in the reaction mixture. The validity of the Michaelis-Menten (Briggs-Haldane) equation in the whole course of the reaction under used conditions was proved. The corresponding kinetics parameters (Vm and KM) were calculated from the obtained dependences of concentration of thiocholine or acetic acid vs. time and compared. From this comparison the deciding kinetic role of the step producing thiocholine was derived. The values of initial molar concentration of the enzyme and of the rate constants of the kinetic model were estimated.
A Dominant-Negative Form of the Major Human Abasic Endonuclease Enhances Cellular Sensitivity to Laboratory and Clinical DNA-Damaging Agents (2007)

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (APE1) is the primary enzyme in mammals for the repair of abasic sites in DNA, as well as a variety of 3' damages that arise upon oxidation or as products of enzymatic processing. If left unrepaired, APE1 substrates can promote mutagenic and cytotoxic outcomes. We describe herein a dominant-negative form of APE1 that lacks detectable nuclease activity and binds substrate DNA with a 13-fold higher affinity than the wild-type protein. This mutant form of APE1, termed ED, possesses two amino acid substitutions at active site residues Glu(96) (changed to Gln) and Asp(210) (changed to Asn). In vitro biochemical assays reveal that ED impedes wild-type APE1 AP site incision function, presumably by binding AP-DNA and blocking normal lesion processing. Moreover, tetracycline-regulated (tet-on) expression of ED in Chinese hamster ovary cells enhances the cytotoxic effects of the laboratory DNA-damaging agents, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 5.4-fold) and hydrogen peroxide (1.5-fold). This MMS-induced, ED-dependent cell killing coincides with a hyperaccumulation of AP sites, implying that excessive DNA damage is the cause of cell death. Because an objective of the study was to identify a protein reagent that could be used in targeted gene therapy protocols, the effects of ED on cellular sensitivity to a number of chemotherapeutic compounds was tested. We show herein that ED expression sensitizes Chinese hamster ovary cells to the killing effects of the alkylating agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (also known as carmustine) and the chain terminating nucleoside analogue dideoxycytidine (also known as zalcitabine), but not to the radiomimetic bleomycin, the nucleoside analogue beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (also known as cytarabine), the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and etoposide, or the cross-linking agents mitomycin C and cisplatin. Transient expression of ED in the human cancer cell line NCI-H1299 enhanced cellular sensitivity to MMS, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and dideoxycytidine, demonstrating the potential usefulness of this strategy in the treatment of human tumors.
Analysis of microbial sequences in plasma cell-free DNA for early-onset breast cancer patients and healthy females (2018)

Our preliminary data on the profiles of microbial cfDNA sequences suggested that it may have some prognostic value in cancer patients. Validation in larger number of patients is warranted.