gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lighting up the Andes [LED lamps (2004)

This work relates how a pair of 62-year olds from Canmore, Alberta in Canada, have made it their mission to free remote communities from reliance on costly kerosene lighting. Anthony and Faith Harckham have developed a simple LED lamp which consumes only 1 watt and produces 30 lumens in a focused beam about as bright as the light of a 20 W incandescent bulb. The couple devised a small volunteer operation that blends tourism and charity. Called Luxtreks, the operation has installed lighting systems in more than 700 rural homes in Bolivia, Guatemala, Peru and Pakistan without taking a dime of government money. The trekers travel with the couple and personally deliver their gift by installing the LED lamps themselves. At the same time, the trip provides trekkers a unique, in situ experience about as culturally distant from their daily lives as they could have imagined.
Mulheres professoras: um jeito de ser e perceber-se mulher (2000)

O presente artigo tem a preocupação de revelar as concepções de um grupo de mulheres a respeito do universo feminino, considerando as suas práticas sociais, isto é, contemplando a inserção em um mundo público específico, a Universidade. Também a ligação com o mundo doméstico e suas trajetórias pessoais. Pretende, assim, demonstrar que a Mulher é uma construção social e que a identidade feminina está fundamentada num conjunto de determinações, reforçando a assertiva que considera a existência de múltiplas identidades femininas, sem desconsiderar que em suas experiências se encontram elementos recorrentes e interesses comuns.
History cache (1994)

Reverse execution provides access to old states of an executing process. An application of reverse execution can be found in program debugging. When an error is detected, its cause is often hidden in the history of the process. In such situations, it is important to be able to recover and examine past states of the process. Numerous other applications of reverse execution are found in programming environments, in fault-tolerant computing and in speculative computation.Since processes are in general irreversible, the history must be saved in order to provide reverse execution. The main problem in dealing with the history is the amount of data generated. This paper describes a new approach to reverse execution based on a history cache which compacts the history. The performance of the history cache is measured on a simulator. The history cache can compact the history by more than an order of magnitude. Efficient support for reverse execution enables many new techniques such as a generic undo operation, a real-time checkpoint, and fast backtracking.
Effects of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Dexamethasone on mRNA Expression of Myogenesis- and Muscle Proteolytic System-related Genes in Mouse Myoblastic C2C12 Cells (2008)

We examined the time course of mRNA expression of myogenic cell differentiation- and muscle proteolytic system-related genes in cultures of C2C12 cells during differentiation from myoblasts to myotubes. Furthermore, we treated C2C12 myotubes with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and dexamethasone (Dex), and examined changes in these mRNA levels. Myogenin (Myog), Atrogin1, forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) and Capn1 mRNA levels increased in C2C12 cells differentiating from myoblasts to myotubes, whereas Myf5 mRNA levels decreased. Although genes such as MRF4, Foxo3a, UbB, Capn1 and MuRF1 mRNAs in the myotubes were affected by DMSO exposure, mRNA levels of other genes were not markedly affected by exposure to 0.02% or 0.5% DMSO. Myf5, MRF4, Atrogin1, Foxo3 and MuRF1 mRNA levels were elevated by Dex at all time points, Cbl and Capn1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated by Dex at 8 h, and Myog mRNA levels were significantly elevated by Dex at 24 h. However, CtsH mRNA levels decreased significantly with Dex at 24 h. This study provides a useful database of gene profiles that are differentially expressed throughout myogenic cell differentiation and the muscle proteolytic system.
Directed Chemical Assembly of Single and Clustered Nanoparticles with Silanized Templates (2018)

The assembly of nanoscale materials into arbitrary, organized structures remains a major challenge in nanotechnology. Herein, we report a general method for creating 2D structures by combining top-down lithography with bottom-up chemical assembly. Under optimal conditions, the assembly of gold nanoparticles was achieved in less than 30 min. Single gold nanoparticles, from 10 to 100 nm, can be placed in predetermined patterns with high fidelity, and higher-order structures can be generated consisting of dimers or trimers. It is shown that the nanoparticle arrays can be transferred to, and embedded within, polymer films. This provides a new method for the large-scale fabrication of nanoparticle arrays onto diverse substrates using wet chemistry.
Mechanism of Formation of SiC by Reaction of SiO with Graphite and CO (1988)

The rates of the reactions of the gaseous species SiO and CO with solid carbon have been studied by means of thermogravimetry at temperatures between 1673 and 1973 K, in order to investigate the mechanism of the formation of SiC in SiO2-C mixtures. The graphite substratum has been allowed to react with SiO and CO generated from the heated SiO2-C mixture.At lower temperatures, the deposit of SiC is formed on the graphite substratum by the over-all reaction(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) The formation of SiC is linear with the reaction time. The activation energy is 97 kJ/mol. It is considered that the rate of the formation would be under a mixed control of the interfacial reaction and the gaseous diffusion. At 1873 K and higher, SiC is formed by the over-all reaction(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) The layer of SiC grows into the graphite and the rate of the formation of SiC obeys the parabolic rate equation. The activation energy is 524 kJ/mol. The rate-determining step is the diffusion of carbon in SiC.
A joint industry-university CIM project for university microelectronics manufacturing (2002)

A student-operated factory for manufacturing integrated circuits has been in operation at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) since 1987. In 1989 RIT and IBM joined together to improve the factory operation by installing a computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. The CIM system allows users control equipment access, monitor equipment status, do lot tracking, provide detailed current operator instructions, provide a paperless manufacturing environment, do scheduling, do manual input and auto input data collection, do statistical process control, do materials planning, download recipes to equipment, and realize feedback and feedforward control. Reports are routinely generated. The project is mostly completed and has proven to be successful in reducing cycle time, improving manufacturing flexibility, and increasing the quality of the devices manufactured at RIT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CXCL12 (SDF‐1) and CXCL13 (BCA‐1) chemokines significantly induce proliferation and collagen type I expression in osteoblasts from osteoarthritis patients (2005)

To evaluate the role of CXC chemokines CXCL8 (IL8), CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL12 (SDF-1), and CXCL13 (BCA-1) in bone remodeling, we analyzed their effects on osteoblasts (OBs) obtained from subchondral trabecular bone tissue of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic (PT) patients. The expression of CXC receptors/ligands (CXCR1/CXCL8, CXCR2/CXCL8, CXCR3/CXCL10, CXCR4/CXCL12, and CXCR5/CXCL13) was analyzed in cultured OBs by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Functional assays on CXC chemokine-treated-OBs in the presence or absence of their specific inhibitors were performed to analyze cellular proliferation and the enzymatic response to chemokine activation. The expression of chemokine ligands/receptors was also confirmed in bone tissue samples by immunohistochemical analysis. Collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression were analyzed on CXCL12- and CXCL13-treated OBs by real-time PCR. OBs from both OA and PT patients expressed high levels of CXCR3 and CXCR5 and lower amounts of CXCR1 and CXCR4. CXCL12 and CXCL13, only in OBs from OA patients, induced a significant proliferation that was also confirmed by specific blocking experiments. Moreover, OBs from OA patients released a higher amount of CXCL13 than those of PT patients while no differences were found for CXCL12. In the remodeling area of bone tissue samples, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that OBs expressed CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL13/CXCR5 both in OA and PT samples. CXCL12 and CXCL13 upregulated collagen type I mRNA expression in OBs from OA patients. These data suggest that CXCL12 and CXCL13 may directly modulate cellular proliferation and collagen type I in OA patients, so contributing to the remodeling process that occurs in the evolution of this disease.
Adaptive Video Streaming over P2P Multi-Hop Path (2007)

The P2P streaming system must have the adaptation ability to the heterogeneity of the peer nodes and networks. An adaptive scheme on video streaming over multi-hop path in P2P networks is proposed. The streaming server probes the network parameters in the multi-hop path periodically, and adjusts the output bit- rate and the encoding structure according to the probing result. The intermediate peer nodes elegantly discard some frames to adapt the output rate to the bandwidth while alleviating the degradation in the decoding video quality in a delay-constrained way. The experimental results show that the video streaming data can be transferred in the multi-hop path efficiently and adaptively by the proposed scheme.
Conversion of lignocellulose into renewable chemicals by heterogeneous catalysis (2012)

Conversion of lignocellulose into renewable chemicals and fuels has received great attention for building up sustainable societies. However, the utilisation of lignocellulose in the chemical industry has largely been limited to paper manufacturing because of the complicated chemical structure and persistent property of lignocellulose. Heterogeneous catalysis has the potential to selectively convert lignocellulosic biomass into various useful chemicals, and this methodology has rapidly progressed in the last several years. In this perspective article, we outline our recent approaches on the heterogeneous catalysis for this challenging subject with related literatures.
RECREATION VEHICLE WASTE DISPOSAL IN ROADSIDE REST SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS (1980)

Design criteria were developed for septic tank-leach field systems to treat high-strength waste that may contain toxic substances. High strength, toxic wastes are generated at recreation vehicle (RV) dump stations at roadside rest areas and recreational areas, where septic tank systems are frequently used for waste treatment. Experimental and pilot-plant data describe the effects of preservatives in raw waste on sludge degradation in septic tanks and on leach field degradation of organics in the liquid waste stream. Other data describe the fate of preservatives in septic tank systems. These data, together with previously reported operating experience for domestic septic tank systems, are used to develop a septic tank design equation. This equation expresses the detention of a septic tank as a function of the strength and toxicity of the waste, and of the frequency of pumping sludge from the septic tank. Nomographs for design of septic tank-leach field systems are provided.
Herpes simplex virus‐induced amplification of SV40 sequences in transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells (1983)

Infection with Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) induces amplification of SV40 sequences in SV40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells (CO631). This is shown by in situ hybridization of the infected cells with cloned 32P-labelled SV40 DNA. The HSV-mediated synthesis of SV40 DNA is more pronounced than after treatment with chemical carcinogens. This initiator-like effect of HSV may, in concert with the previously reported mutagenic activity of this virus (Schlehofer and zur Hausen, 1982), point to a possible mechanism of HSV infection in human genital cancer.
Overexpression of phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase restores protein translocation in a<i>secG</i> deletion mutant of<i>Escherichia coli</i> at low temperature (1995)

The E. coli secG deletion mutant is unable to grow and is defective in protein translocation at low temperature. A gene of Bacillus subtilis, which is able to restore the growth of the deletion mutant at low temperature, was found as a multi-copy suppressor. Sequencing of this gene revealed significant homology to E. coli pgsA, which encodes phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, an enzyme involved in acidic phospholipid synthesis. A plasmid carrying E. coli pgsA also restored the growth of the deletion mutant. Furthermore, protein translocation in the deletion mutant was stimulated when it harbored a plasmid carrying pgsA. A possible mechanism underlying the pgsA-dependent suppression of the secG deletion mutation is discussed.
Probabilistic methods in a biomagnetic inverse problem (1989)

A new and effective algorithm is derived for reconstructing the non-ohmic (or 'impressed') part of a current distribution in a conducting medium, given a number of external magnetometer readings. The method allows for a weight function expressing any structure in the source that may be known a priori, and does not make the assumptions on the invertability of matrices used in earlier versions. The numerical implementation is outlined, and estimates derived for the errors caused by truncation of series.
Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review (2001)

In selected patients, the cannabinoids tested in these trials may be useful as mood enhancing adjuvants for controlling chemotherapy related sickness. Potentially serious adverse effects, even when taken short term orally or intramuscularly, are likely to limit their widespread use.
Deciphering the genome's regulatory code: The many languages of DNA (2010)

The generation of patterns and the diversity of cell types in a multicellular organism require differential gene regulation. At the heart of this process are enhancers or cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), genomic regions that are bound by transcription factors (TFs) that control spatio-temporal gene expression in developmental networks. To date, only a few CRMs have been studied in detail and the underlying cis-regulatory code is not well understood. Here, we review recent progress on the genome-wide identification of CRMs with chromatin immunoprecipitation of TF-DNA complexes followed by microarrays (ChIP-on-chip). We focus on two computational approaches that have succeeded in predicting the expression pattern driven by a CRM either based on TF binding site preferences and their expression levels, or quantitative analysis of CRM occupancy by key TFs. We also discuss the current limits of these methods and highlight some of the key problems that have to be solved to gain a more complete understanding of the structure and function of CRMs.
Highly Electron-Donating 3,3′-Diaryl-1,1′-bi(isobenzofuran)s Synthesized by Photochemical Exocyclic [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition (2008)

Facile photochemical exocyclic [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition produced a series of electron-donating 1,1'-bi(isobenzofuran)s having various aryl groups at the 3,3' positions. The 1,1'-bi(isobenzofuran) skeleton with a highly coplanar structure is a useful building unit to construct the narrow bandgap pi-conjugated systems with low oxidation potentials.
Isolation and Characterization of a Rolling-Circle-Type Plasmid from <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> and Application of the Plasmid to Multiple-Recombinant-Protein Expression (2004)

We isolated, sequenced, and characterized the cryptic plasmid pRE8424 from Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM8424. Plasmid pRE8424 is a 5,987-bp circular plasmid; it carries six open reading frames and also contains cis-acting elements, specifically a single-stranded origin and a double-stranded origin, which are characteristic of rolling-circle-replication plasmids. Experiments with pRE8424 derivatives carrying a mutated single-stranded origin sequence showed that single-stranded DNA intermediates accumulated in the cells because of inefficient conversion from single-stranded DNA to double-stranded DNA. This result indicates that pRE8424 belongs to the pIJ101/pJV1 family of rolling-circle-replication plasmids. Expression vectors that are functional in several Rhodococcus species were constructed by use of the replication origin from pRE8424. We previously reported a cryptic plasmid, pRE2895, from R. erythropolis, which may replicate by a theta-type mechanism, like ColE2 plasmids. The new expression vectors originating from pRE8424 were compatible with those derived from pRE2895. Coexpression experiments with these compatible expression vectors indicated that the plasmids are suitable for the simultaneous expression of multiple recombinant proteins.
"Building Workload Characterization Tools with Valgrind" (2006)

Summary form only given. Workload characterization relies heavily on robust and powerful tools to quickly and accurately gather and analyse large amounts of data about program executions. Valgrind is a dynamic binary instrumentation framework for building program analysis tools. Valgrind is best known for a tool, Memcheck, that finds memory errors common in C and C++ programs, but its ability to instrument every instruction and system call a program executes, and inspect every value a program manipulates, without slowing down program execution excessively, makes it an excellent platform for buildings tools suitable for workload characterization. In this tutorial, we introduce Valgrind, describing how you can use it to create powerful tools for doing profiling and trace collection, and to help characterize how workloads affect different machine aspects such as instruction set architecture, the memory hierarchy, and I/O. Valgrind provides powerful analysis tools without excessive slow-down, which allows very large workloads to be analysed easily. Valgrind is open-source (GPL) software, available on x86/Linux, AMD64/Linux, PPC32/Linux, PPC64/Linux, and work is underway to support other platforms. Valgrind tools are regularly used by the developers of many software packages, such as Firefox, OpenOffice, KDE, GNOME, MySQL, Perl, Python, PHP, Samba, RenderMan, SAS, The GIMP, Unreal Tournament, Squid, plus many scientific applications
Making Sense of Item Response Theory in Machine Learning (2016)

Item response theory (IRT) is widely used to measure latent abilities of subjects (specially for educational testing) based on their responses to items with different levels of difficulty. The adaptation of IRT has been recently suggested as a novel perspective for a better understanding of the results of machine learning experiments and, by extension, other artificial intelligence experiments. For instance, IRT suits classification tasks perfectly, where instances correspond to items and classifiers correspond to subjects. By adopting IRT, item (i.e., instance) characteristic curves can be estimated using logistic models, for which several parameters characterise each dataset instance: difficulty, discrimination and guessing. IRT looks promising for the analysis of instance hardness, noise, classifier dominances, etc. However, some caveats have been found when trying to interpret the IRT parameters in a machine learning setting, especially when we include some artificial classifiers in the pool of classifiers to be evaluated: the optimal and pessimal classifiers, a random classifier and the majority and minority classifiers. In this paper we perform a series of experiments with a range of datasets and classification methods to fully understand how IRT works and what their parameters really mean in the context of machine learning. This better understanding will hopefully pave the way to a myriad of potential applications in machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Leflunomide or Methotrexate for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

In patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate and leflunomide both resulted in high rates of clinical improvement, but the rate was slightly greater for methotrexate. At the doses used in this study, methotrexate was more effective than leflunomide.
Oxidative Addition of Dihydrogen to (η<sup>6</sup>-Arene)Mo(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Complexes: Origin of the Naphthalene and Anthracene Effects (2006)

In contrast to the benzene and naphthalene compounds (eta(6)-PhH)Mo(PMe(3))(3) and (eta(6)-NpH)Mo(PMe(3))(3), the anthracene complex (eta(6)-AnH)Mo(PMe(3))(3) reacts with H(2) to undergo a haptotropic shift and give the eta(4)-anthracene compound (eta(4)-AnH)Mo(PMe(3))(3)H(2). Density functional theory calculations indicate that the increased facility of naphthalene and anthracene to adopt eta(4)-coordination modes compared to that of benzene is a consequence of the fact that the Mo-(eta(4)-ArH) bonding interaction increases in the sequence benzene < naphthalene < anthracene, while the Mo-(eta(6)-ArH) bonding interaction follows the sequence benzene > naphthalene approximately anthracene.
Operational Experience With an Arctic Structure: The Caisson Retained Island (1985)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the design, deployment and successful operation of the Caisson Retained Island, which is a platform for a Beaufort Sea exploration drilling rig. Dredged berm construction and caisson operations from mobilization through drilling to relocation are described. The significance with respect to Arctic production structures is mentioned. INTRODUCTION The Caisson Retained Island (CRI) is a platform for an exploration drilling rig. It is a structural system cons I sting of a sand berm built on the seabed, a steel retaining structure and a core of retained sand fill (refer to Figures 1 and 5). The successful deployment of these three elements is the subject of this paper. EVOLUTION OF THE CAISSON RETAINED ISLAND Imperial Oil completed its first sand island in the Beaufort Sea in 1972. Twenty such islands have been built in various water depths by a variety of methods (Reference 1). As the cost of these islands is strongly dependent on the volume of fi11 required, designs which reduced this amount were investigated. Among the most promising factors was the increase of slope steepness, which could be assured by using retaining rings of sandbags or gravel bunds. Several islands were built using these techniques but they were labour intensive and limited to shallow water applications. As a large area of the exploration acreage was located in water deeper than 9 m, and was suspected of having no suitable island building material (sand' or gravel) on site, there was an economic advantage to be gained from a structure than would reduce the total amount of fill to be hauled. As is illustrated in Figure 2, there is a significant saving in the amount of fill required at any depth, but the saving increases with increasing depth of water. Design activity was undertaken, based on a variety of retaining structures. The end result was a steel retaining structure, consisting of eight steel tanks, or caissons, linked together by steel pins and steel wire rope. The design requirements, and a description of the resulting design, construction and towing to the Beaufort Sea are described in Reference 2. DESIGN FEATURES The eight steel caissons each measure 48 m (159 feet) long, by 12.2 m (40 feet) high, by 13.1 m (43 feet) wide at the base and 7.3 m (24 feet) wide on deck. These are joined at their ends by steel pins and coupler heads to form an octagon 92 m (300 feet) across its inside flats. The structure is post-tensioned using 16 steel wire cables to provide rigidity. The front face is angled at 60 degrees to encourage ice sheet failure by bending. Above deck a deflector, or bulwark, turns back overriding ice or wave run up.