gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Role of Interspecies Hybridization and Genetic Exchanges in Yeasts (2012)

Forced interspecific hybridization has been used in yeasts for many years to study speciation or to construct artificial strains with novel fermentative and metabolic properties. Recent genome analyses indicate that natural hybrids are also generated spontaneously between yeasts belonging to distinct species, creating lineages with novel phenotypes, varied genetic stability, or altered virulence in the case of pathogens. Large segmental introgressions from evolutionarily distant species are also visible in some yeast genomes, suggesting that interspecific genetic exchanges occur during evolution. The origin of this phenomenon remains unclear, but it is likely based on weak prezygotic barriers, limited Dobzhansky-Muller (DM) incompatibilities, and rapid clonal expansions. Newly formed interspecies hybrids suffer rapid changes in the genetic contribution of each parent, including chromosome loss or aneuploidy, translocations, and loss of heterozygosity, that, except in a few recently studied cases, remain to be characterized more precisely at the genomic level by use of modern technologies. We review here known cases of natural or artificially formed interspecies hybrids between yeasts and discuss their potential importance in terms of genome evolution. Problems of meiotic fertility, ploidy constraint, gene and gene product compatibility, and nucleomitochondrial interactions are discussed and placed in the context of other known mechanisms of yeast genome evolution as a model for eukaryotes.
Preparation of Metal Nitride Particles Using Arc Discharge in Liquid Nitrogen (2021)

A simple process to synthesize metal nitride particles was proposed using submerged arc discharge plasma in liquid nitrogen. Gibbs standard free energy was considered for the selection of the nitride-forming materials. In this study, titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al) electrodes were used as raw materials for nitride particle preparation. Liquid nitrogen acted as a dielectric medium as well as a nitridation source in this process. A copper electrode was also used as a non-reactive material for comparison with the reactive Ti and Al electrodes. As the operating conditions of the experiments, the arc discharge current was varied from 5 A (low-power mode) to 30 A (high-power mode). The formation of titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) was confirmed in the particles prepared in all experimental conditions by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The observation using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) indicated that the synthesized TiN particles showed a cubic morphology, whereas AlN particles containing unreacted Al showed a spherical morphology. The experiments using different metal electrode configurations showed that the anode generated most of the particles in this process. Based on the obtained results, a particle formation mechanism was proposed.
64 (2010)

Een vrouw van 36 jaar, een vriendin van uw vrouw, gaat tegenover u zitten en zegt: 'Je ziet het zeker al, Mark, het is weer zo ver, maar nog erger dan anders'. En inderdaad hoeft haar probleem niet verwoord te worden: jeukend eczeem rond de ogen. Patiënte heeft als baby dauwworm gehad en later kreeg ze er astma en hooikoorts bij. Ze heeft nog regelmatig exacerbaties van eczeem, vooral op de polsen, de onderbenen en in de elleboogsplooien, maar ook rond de ogen, waar ze toch altijd wel wat irritatie heeft en ze regelmatig moet wrijven. 'Dat komt vast van je cosmetica, Carien', zegt u. Maar die suggestie wordt afgewezen: 'Ja, dat zei Henk (haar man) ook al, maar dat kan eigenlijk niet, want ik heb geen nieuwe producten gebruikt en bovendien is het een goed en verdraaid duur hypoallergeen product, waar geen kleurstoffen en parabenen in zitten'.
New chemical removing and air cooling technology for clean room recirculation air using chilled pure water showering method (2002)

We have developed a new chemical removing and air cooling technique for clean room recirculation air using a gas-liquid contact method that consists of a combination of chilled pure water showering and optimum packing material. We have tested a new treatment system using this technique in an actual photolithography clean room finding many kinds of chemical contaminants of water-solubility substances such as NH/sub 4//sup +/ and amine ions, and have found it to be a sufficiently practical wet-type filtration method having both functions of chemical cleanliness control and air cooling capacity control. In addition, this new system has a very simple structure, less power consumption and is maintenance free. Furthermore, the total cost including the initial and running cost of the new wet-type chemical filtration system for clean room recirculation air using our new technique can be reduced by about 30%, as compared with that of a conventional dry-type chemical filter removal system.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial of the Chinese Herbal Medicine “Ba Wei Di Huang Wan” in the Treatment of Dementia (2004)

These results argue the benefits of BDW in the treatment of dementia.
Apolipoprotein B RNA editing enzyme-deficient mice are viable despite alterations in lipoprotein metabolism. (1996)

RNA editing in the nucleus of higher eukaryotes results in subtle changes to the RNA sequence, with the ability to effect dramatic changes in biological function. The first example to be described and among the best characterized, is the cytidine-to-uridine editing of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) RNA. The editing of apo-B RNA is mediated by a novel cytidine deaminase, apobec-1, which has acquired the ability to bind RNA. The stop translation codon generated by the editing of apo-B RNA truncates the full-length apo-B100 to form apo-B48. The recent observations of tumor formation in Apobec-1 transgenic animals, together with the fact that Apobec-1 is expressed in numerous tissues lacking apo-B, raises the issue of whether this enzyme is essential for a variety of posttranscriptional editing events. To directly test this, mice were created with a null mutation in Apobec-1 using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Mice, homozygous for this mutation, were viable and made apo-B100 but not apo-B48. The null animals were fertile, and a variety of histological, behavioral, and morphological analyses revealed no phenotype other than abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, which included an increased low density lipoprotein fraction and a reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. These studies demonstrate that neither apobec-1 nor apo-B48 is essential for viability and suggest that the major role of apobec-1 may be confined to the modulation of lipid transport.
α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-Isoform specific erbium complexes highly specific for bladder cancer imaging and photodynamic therapy (2016)

We have synthesized a bifunctional erbium-porphyrin tumor imaging and PDT agent (Er-R3) that is capable of killing bladder cancer cells via its selective binding to the integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> isoform overexpressed on the cell membrane.
Staphylococcus aureus Strain Typing by Single-Molecule DNA Mapping in Fluidic Microchips with Fluorescent Tags (2009)

DLA-based strain typing is a powerful technique with a resolution comparable to macrorestriction mapping with PFGE, but DLA is faster, more automated, and more reproducible.
Optimization of organic solvent in multiphase biocatalysis (1985)

The microbial epoxidation of propene and 1-butene was used to study some fundamental aspects of two-liquid-phase biocatalytic conversions. Introduction of a water-immiscible organic solvent phase in a free-cell suspension gave rise to a series of undesired phenomena, e.g., inactivation by the solvent, clotting of biomass, and aggregation of cells at the liquid-liquid interface. Immobilization of the cells in hydrophilic gels, e.g., calcium alginate, prevented direct cell-organic solvent contact and the related clotting and aggregation of biomass. However, the gel entrapment did not seem to provide additional protection against the organic solvent. The influence of various organic solvents on the retention of immobilized-cell activity was related to solvent properties like the polarity (as expressed by the Hildebrand solubility parameter) and the molecular size (as expressed by the molecular weight or molar volume). High activity retention was favored by a low polarity in combination with a high molecular weight. The solubility parameter also proved useful to describe the capacity of various organic solvents for oxygen and alkene oxides. This facilitated the optimization of the solvent polarity.
Modification of Al Particle Surfaces by γ‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> and Its Effect on the Corrosion Behavior of Al (2005)

Metal Al particle surfaces were modified by fine γ‐Al 2 O 3 grains using a mixture of Al and Al(OH) 3 powders, which was pressureless sintered at a temperature of 600°C in vacuum. All the constituents on original Al particle surfaces were transformed into γ‐Al 2 O 3 phase after sintering. No dense passive oxide layers on Al particle surfaces were formed even after the modified Al particles were exposed to oxidation environment. The modified Al particles could continuously react with pure water and generate hydrogen at room temperature. The present finding implies that metal Al could become hydrogen‐generation material by surface modification.
Cross-Domain Palmprint Recognition via Regularized Adversarial Domain Adaptive Hashing (2020)

As an effective method of biometrics, palmprint recognition allows the safe identity recognition of humans without spatial and temporal limitations. To build a more robust palmprint recognition system, recent promising Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has been incorporated for better palmprint feature extraction and representation. However, the increasing number of palmprint datasets presents us with a cross-domain recognition problem where the upcoming images may come from different imaging conditions compared to the registered palmprints, which will undermine the recognition accuracy significantly. As a supervised approach, the performance of CNN-based model depends on the availability of data and labels from the same domain, which is hard for transferring recognition. To keep the outperforming recognition result of CNN-based models, we propose a novel Regularized Adversarial Domain Adaptative Hashing method (R-ADAH) for cross-domain palmprint recognition based on Deep Hashing Network (DHN). During training, the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is incorporated for better adaptive performance. In this scenario, we only train a DHN on the source domain. With the adversarial training, the target network is becoming adaptive to the unlabeled palmprint images with more stable training, unbiased sample gradient and less sensitivity to the hyper-parameter tuning when only domain-specific label is provided. Extensive validation experiments are conducted on benchmark datasets and our self-collected palmprint datasets by mobile phones to test the performance of our model. The results show a promising increase of the recognition performance.
Amplitude, Phase, and Bandwidth Tunable High-resolution Optical Spectrum Shaper and its Application for Optical Communication Systems (2008)

A new high-resolution optical-spectrum control system is proposed and developed. It can control both amplitude and phase of spectrum with 10 GHz resolution for whole C-band. bandwidth tunable, rectangular-shape pass-bands are achieved. Applications are also demonstrated.
New Coding Technique for Computer Generated Holograms (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. E. Haskell and B. C. Culver, "New Coding Technique for Computer Generated Holograms," Appl. Opt. 11, 2712-2714 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: an oxygen-carrying fluid. (1990)

From the original concept of encapsulating hemoglobin in an inert shell, LEH has evolved into a fluid proven to carry oxygen, capable of surviving for reasonable periods in the circulation, and amenable to large-scale production. The formula for the outer shell evolved from synthetic, nonlipid materials, to egg-lecithin-based lipid mixtures, to distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine-based blends. The fabrication technology started with the production of milliliter quantities and methods detrimental to the hemoglobin and developed into high-pressure extrusion systems producing multi-liter quantities without damaging the hemoglobin. The development of methods for analysis and quality control of LEH has been difficult: even techniques for measuring basic characteristics of size and methemoglobin are still being standardized. In vivo studies have established that LEH has a circulation half-life of 16-20 hr and can carry oxygen sufficient to sustain life, but safety has yet to be proven. In each of the general areas mentioned above, there are opportunities for further improvement and characterization. The source of the hemoglobin and the coencapsulation of hemoglobin modifiers needs to be reassessed now that human hemoglobin has been cloned and functional hemoglobin can be produced by using fermentation techniques. The development of routine methods for quality control and assurance must accompany the production of large quantities of LEH for preclinical studies. Whether or not the LEH can and should be manufactured as a lyophilized product must be assessed. Animal studies must done to prove safety as well as efficacy in a variety of clinical models, including hemorrhagic and septic shock as well as various levels of isovolemic exchange. One approach toward the improvement of the LEH is to alter the liposome surface to increase its biocompatibility. The evolution of biocompatible liposome surfaces has included carbohydrate moieties, as carbohydrates are expressed on the majority of biological membrane surfaces including the red cell. It has been demonstrated that inclusion of carbohydrate components such as gangliosides into the liposomal bilayer results in increased circulation times. As a result, these ganglioside-containing liposomes may exhibit a reduced impact on the RES system. Goins et al. have examined methods of introducing the ganglioside GM1 into LEH preparations. The long-term preservation of LEH is essential for its use by paramedics both in civilian and military trauma settings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Numerical Simulation of an InP Photonic Integrated Cross-Connect for Deep Neural Networks on Chip (2020)

We propose a novel photonic accelerator architecture based on a broadcast-and-weight approach for a deep neural network through a photonic integrated cross-connect. The single neuron and the complete neural network operation are numerically simulated. The weight calibration and weighted addition are reproduced and demonstrated to behave as in the experimental measurements. A dynamic range higher than 25 dB is predicted, in line with the measurements. The weighted addition operation is also simulated and analyzed as a function of the optical crosstalk and the number of input colors involved. In particular, while an increase in optical crosstalk negatively influences the simulated error, a greater number of channels results in better performance. The iris flower classification problem is solved by implementing the weight matrix of a trained three-layer deep neural network. The performance of the corresponding photonic implementation is numerically investigated by tuning the optical crosstalk and waveguide loss, in order to anticipate energy consumption per operation. The analysis of the prediction error as a function of the optical crosstalk per layer suggests that the first layer is essential to the final accuracy. The ultimate accuracy shows a quasi-linear dependence between the prediction accuracy and the errors per layer for a normalized root mean square error lower than 0.09, suggesting that there is a maximum level of error permitted at the first layer for guaranteeing a final accuracy higher than 89%. However, it is still possible to find good local minima even for an error higher than 0.09, due to the stochastic nature of the network we are analyzing. Lower levels of path losses allow for half the power consumption at the matrix multiplication unit, for the same error level, offering opportunities for further improved performance. The good agreement between the simulations and the experiments offers a solid base for studying the scalability of this kind of network.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nitroxide-Linked Ruthenium Complexes as Molecular Probes for Microheterogeneous Environments (1996)

Several new TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxide)-labeled ruthenium complexes were prepared. They can be discerned in two different classes featuring rigid and flexible linkers between the ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl complex and the stable nitroxide. The bis(heteroleptic) ruthenium complexes were synthesized from [Ru(L2)]Cl2 (L = 2,2’-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline) and newly prepared phenanthroline-TEMPO-ligands. Finally, a tris(heteroleptic), spin-labeled ruthenium complex has been prepared from [Ru(DMSO)4]Cl2, dipyrido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]phenazine (dppz), 1,10-phenanthroline and a phenanthroline-TEMPO-ligand with a rigid linker.
Alteration in the Receptor Binding Specificity of Human Growth Hormone by Genomic Exon Exchange (1990)

The biological activities of the GH-PRL family of hormones are mediated by selective binding to two classes of cell membrane receptors, somatogen and lactogen. Primate GH such as human GH (hGH) are unusual in that they bind to both classes of receptors. Replacement of exons 3 or 4 of the hGH gene by the corresponding exons of the rat PRL or rat GH genes results in the synthesis of chimeric proteins which retain the ability to bind to lactogen receptors but can no longer bind to somatogen receptors. This selective loss of somatogen receptor binding in the chimeric proteins suggests that certain of the structural determinants of somatogen and lactogen receptor binding activities in hGH are distinct and can be separately modified by a limited number of amino acid substitutions.
A Computer Model for Predicting Image Quality After Photorefractive Keratectomy (1996)

The inclusion of multiple interdependent optical parameters showed differences from conventional methods in predicting refractive outcome following PRK and revealed factors affecting image quality may account for some imperfections in visual performance based on simpler optical modeling.
Nonlinear rheology of model comb polymers (2009)

We measure the stress relaxation of linear comb polymer solutions, after a large amplitude step shear strain. We apply the time-temperature superposition principle in order to construct stress relaxation master curves that span many orders of magnitude in time and cover the entire comb relaxation from early branch retraction to backbone reptation. We find evidence of distinct relaxation processes and dynamic tube dilation that can be attributed to the architectural features of the polymer.
Transient Simulations of Gas-Oil-Water Separation Plants (1991)

A set of mathematical models for the dynamic simulation of offshore processing plants is developed. Each process unit is modeled separately, and the various models are integrated into a system for the simulation of an entire plant. The purpose of the simulation system is to study the effects of various disturbances and investigate appropriate control strategies. Important variables subject to control are pressure, flow rate, temperature, vessel liquid level and compressor speed. In separators the rate of interfacial mass transfer between the liquid and vapour phases at non-equilibrium is modeled as a first order time lag. The vapour liquid equilibrium ratio is linearized with respect to variations in pressure and temperature for each separator stage. A realistic scenario is chosen in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the simulation system.
“The Dying Middle”: Weimar Germany and the Fragmentation of Bourgeois Politics (1972)

On September 14, 1930, the National Socialist German Workers' Party led by Adolf Hitler scored its first national triumph by polling over six million votes and winning more than a hundred seats in the German Reichstag. Its gains came mainly at the expense of the established bourgeois parties. The success of the National Socialists stemmed primarily from the ability of Hitler and his colleagues to articulate the anxieties and frustrated ambitions of the German middle class. These anxieties grew out of a multitude of factors, of which the world economic crisis was the most spectacular. But the dramatic character of the world economic crisis has generally obscured the extent to which these anxieties were the product of certain long-range factors present in the structure of German society ever since the end of the previous century. In the period before World War I the German economy underwent a series of changes which resulted in a partial rationalization of its productive and distributive processes. This process was accelerated during the course of World War I and reached a climax in the middle of the 1920's before the world economic crisis deprived German management of the capital it needed for the purposes of rationalization.
High-dose oxytocin: 20- versus 40-minute dosage interval. (1994)

A 40-minute dosing interval for high-dose oxytocin offers no clear advantage over a 20-minute interval. Both regimens were safe and efficient, with no differences in perinatal outcome. The 20-minute interval was associated with fewer cesareans for dystocia when used for labor augmentation, whereas the 40-minute interval resulted in less hyperstimulation when used for labor induction.
Calpain Activation and Cytoskeletal Protein Breakdown in the Corpus Callosum of Head-Injured Patients (1999)

Calpain-mediated breakdown of the cytoskeleton has been proposed to contribute to brain damage resulting from head injury. We examined the corpus callosum from patients who died after a blunt head injury in order to determine if there was evidence of these pathophysiological events in a midline myelinated commissure that is susceptible to damage after human head injury. Western blotting revealed marked reductions in the levels of neurofilament triplet proteins 200 and 68kDa in the corpus callosum of head-injured patients compared with control subjects. Neurofilament 200kDa levels were significantly reduced as detected by either phosphorylation-dependent or -independent antibodies. In contrast, there were minimal changes in the levels of beta-tubulin or the microtubule-associated protein, tau, in the head-injured patients, although amyloid precursor protein immunostaining demonstrated axonal damage in 9 of the 10 patients. The inactive 800kDa and active 76kDa subunits of mu-calpain were present in control subjects and head-injured patients. However, there was a significant increase in the levels of calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown products in head-injured patients compared with the control subjects. The results demonstrate that following human blunt head injury, there is a significant degradation of neurofilament proteins and increased levels of calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown products within the corpus callosum. Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that calpain-mediated breakdown of the cytoskeleton may contribute to axonal damage after head injury.