gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligomeric and Polymeric Systems with a Cross-conjugated π-Framework (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOligomeric and Polymeric Systems with a Cross-conjugated π-Framework†Mojtaba Gholami and Rik R. TykwinskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 12, 4997–5027Publication Date (Web):November 23, 2006Publication History Received7 April 2006Published online23 November 2006Published inissue 1 December 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0505573https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0505573research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4438Altmetric-Citations320LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Macrocycles,Molecules,Oligomers,Polymers,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Complex Carbohydrates in Foods (1999)

Dietary guidelines for complex carbohydrates/dietary fibre complex carbohydrates and the food label - an FDA perspective dietary fibre properties and health benefits of non-digestible oligosaccharides suggested alternatives to the term complex carbohydrates complex carbohydrates - the science and the label the role of dietary fibre in the prevention of lipid metabolism disorders health benefits of complex carbohydrates worldwide dietary fibre intake -recommendations and actual consumption patterns the chemistry of complex carbohydrates complex carbohydrates - definitions and analysis determination of complex carbohydrate fractions in foods In Vivo techniques to quantify resistant starch a sensitive and reproducible analytical method to measure insulin and oligofructose as dietary fibre - analytical, nutritional and legal aspects determination of insulin and oligofructose in food products ( modified AOAC dietary fibre method) polydextrose as soluble fibre and complex carbohydrate progress in the certification of five new food reference materials by AOAC, Englyst, and Uppsala methods of dietary fibre analysis high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) - a powerful tool for the analysis of dietary fibre and complex carbohydrates NIR analysis of dietary fibre definition and analysis of dietary fibre estimation of psyllium content in ready-to-eat cereals food sources and uses of dietary fibre chemical and physical modifications of dietary fibre production of resistant starch effects of processing on dietary fibre in foods application of complex carbohydrates to food product fat mimetics patent literature review on complex carbohydrates as aft mimetics the application of complex carbohydrates to functional food development. Appendices: perspectives on dietary fibre definition total carbohydrates and total dietary fibre content in grain based foods.
Islands in the sea of gates (2003)

CMOS transistors still consume most of their power through switching. Some of this dynamic power consumption is due to the short-circuit created between the supply and ground when the two transistors in a gate are on at once, because the switching signal does not rise or fall infinitely quickly The second part of dynamic power consumption derives from the power it takes to charge or discharge the load capacitance. So, decreasing the supply voltage has a profound impact on the dynamic power consumption.
The bacteriophage P4 alpha gene is the structural gene for bacteriophage P4-induced RNA polymerase (1983)

Two temperature-sensitive mutants of satellite phage P4 which do not synthesize P4 DNA at the nonpermissive temperature have been isolated. One of these phage is mutated in the P4 alpha gene. It complements a P4 delta mutant, but not a P4 alpha amber mutant; both mutants are phenotypically identical to alpha amber mutants in all properties studied. They synthesize P4 early proteins 1 and 2 as well as two additional P4-induced early proteins, 5 and 6, which are described here. P4 late proteins are not synthesized by these mutants and cannot be transactivated by helper phage P2. The mutants are unable to transactivate P2 late proteins from a P2 AB mutant. The P4 RNA polymerase activity which has been suggested to be involved in P4 DNA synthesis is not detected at the nonpermissive temperature. The P4 polymerase activity in partially purified extracts prepared from cells infected with the mutant at the permissive temperature is temperature sensitive. Reduced activity is found in vitro when these extracts are preincubated at 41 degrees C or assayed at temperatures higher than 37 degrees C. Thus, the P4 RNA polymerase is the product of the alpha gene. Temperature shift experiments show that the alpha gene product is required until late in the P4 cycle.
Chemosensory neuroanatomy and physiology. (1989)

Three nasal/oral sensory systems, which are anatomically and physiologically distinct, mediate smell, taste, and irritation. However, all three systems may be stimulated by food chemicals (which have "flavors" for the individual), and their receptors are located in adjacent oral and nasal cavities. The three sensory systems each have tiny cerebral cortical representations in humans, and interact with ventral forebrain areas attributed roles in affect and incentive. The complexity of these interactions makes it difficult for affected patients to identify readily which chemosensory system is malfunctioning.
A Defense Mechanism for Distributed Denial of Service Attack in Software-Defined Networks (2015)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a major threat to Internet based killer applications, such as independent news web sites, e-business and online games. Detecting and blocking such clever attacks has become difficult. Software-Defined Networks (SDN) has emerged as a future communication network architecture which decouples network control and forwarding. It has some particular features such as central control and programmability to combat against DDoS attack. In this paper, we survey DDoS attacks and existing defense mechanisms, and draw a conclusion of the needs of defense mechanism for successful combating against DDoS. Then, we analyze the particular features of SDN and conclude it is conducive to countermeasure DDoS attack. According the analysis, we construct a defense mechanism for DDoS in SDN. At last, we illustrate how this mechanism could combat against DDoS attacks through a working example.
Generate Individually Optimized Blendshapes (2021)

Blendshape based animation is a technique commonly used to animate the face. To generate realistic animation for different faces, creating appropriate blendshapes for each different face is essential. There have been many attempts to find the production-level blend shapes. However, many existing methods mostly require a professional artist's intuition with manual intervention. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automatically generate individually optimized blendshapes from real-time captured facial expressions. The proposed method generates the blendshape from the captured face with two methods: linear regression and an autoencoder. Among results from two methods, we select the trained result that is more similar to the original face. The adopted blendshape could be used to animate the original face more naturally. In addition, the generated blendshape is utilized to retarget the original face animation to another face while preserving the original face's animation characteristic. Comparison of results by animating the face on the screen show linear regression is suitable for retargeting the facial expressions without using the complicated neural networks.
A background based adaptive page segmentation algorithm (2002)

A novel page segmentation algorithm is provided in this paper. Based on the extraction of the background, it offers the benefit of being adaptive to the context of the document and to be insensitive to the orientation of the text blocks. It involves a two-dimensional isotropic structuring element used to characterized the white streams. This element is a disk approximated by a regular octagon which can be recursively generated. Another advantage of the proposed method is that a hierarchical segmentation can be derived from the image built upon the octagonal pattern. This tree allows to perform an isotropic multi-scale smearing, which leads to a physical segmentation. The algorithms are based on an input-time tracing principle and use a single scan of the image, they are very well suited to a real-time implementation.
LDP Downstream-on-Demand in Seamless MPLS (2013)

Seamless MPLS design enables a single IP/MPLS network to scale over core, metro, and access parts of a large packet network infrastructure using standardized IP/MPLS protocols. One of the key goals of Seamless MPLS is to meet requirements specific to access networks including high number of devices, device position in network topology, and compute and memory constraints that limit the amount of state access devices can hold. This can be achieved with LDP Downstream-on-Demand (DoD) label advertisement. This document describes LDP DoD use cases and lists required LDP DoD procedures in the context of Seamless MPLS design.
Recent Advances in Biocatalysis by Directed Enzyme Evolution (2006)

Naturally occurring enzymes are remarkable biocatalysts with numerous potential applications in industry and medicine. However, many of their catalyst properties often need to be further tailored to meet the specific requirements of a given application. Within this context, directed evolution has emerged over the past decade as a powerful tool for engineering enzymes with new or improved functions. This review summarizes recent advances in applying directed evolution approaches to alter various enzyme properties such as activity, selectivity (enantio- and regio-), substrate specificity, stability, and solubility. Special attention will be paid to the creation of novel enzyme activities and products by directed evolution.
Prolonged Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia versus Fever Control with Tight Hemodynamic Monitoring and Slow Rewarming in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

Although mild therapeutic hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective strategy for cardiac arrest/resuscitated patients, and asphyxic newborns, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have equally shown good neurological outcome between targeted temperature management at 33 °C versus 36 °C, and have not shown consistent benefits in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to determine the effect of therapeutic hypothermia, while avoiding some limitations of earlier studies, which included patient selection based on Glasgow coma scale (GCS), delayed initiation of cooling, short duration of cooling, inter-center variation in patient care, and relatively rapid rewarming. We conducted a multicenter RCT in patients with severe TBI (GCS 4-8). Patients were randomly assigned (2:1 allocation ratio) to either therapeutic hypothermia (32-34 °C, n = 98) or fever control (35.5-37 °C, n = 50). Patients with therapeutic hypothermia were cooled as soon as possible for ≥ 72 h and rewarmed at a rate of <1 °C/day. All patients received tight hemodynamic monitoring under intensive neurological care. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was assessed at 6 months by physicians who were blinded to the treatment allocation. The overall rates of poor neurological outcomes were 53% and 48% in the therapeutic hypothermia and fever control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in the likelihood of poor neurological outcome (relative risk [RR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-2.48, p = 0.597) or mortality (RR 1.82, 95% CI 0.82-4.03, p = 0.180) between the two groups. We concluded that tight hemodynamic management and slow rewarming, together with prolonged therapeutic hypothermia (32-34 °C) for severe TBI, did not improve the neurological outcomes or risk of mortality compared with strict temperature control (35.5-37 °C).
Role of CXCL9/CXCR3 Chemokine Biology during Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Allograft Rejection (2003)

Acute allograft rejection is a major complication postlung transplantation and is the main risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Acute rejection is characterized by intragraft infiltration of activated mononuclear cells. The ELR-negative CXC chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) are potent chemoattractants for mononuclear cells and act through their shared receptor, CXCR3. Elevated levels of these chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have been associated with human acute lung allograft rejection. This led to the hypothesis that the expression of these chemokines during an allogeneic response promotes the recruitment of mononuclear cells, leading to acute lung allograft rejection. We performed studies in a rat orthotopic lung transplantation model of acute rejection, and demonstrated increased expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 paralleling the recruitment of mononuclear cells and cells expressing CXCR3 to the allograft. However, CXCL9 levels were 15-fold greater than CXCL10 during maximal rejection. Inhibition of CXCL9 decreased intragraft recruitment of mononuclear cells and cellular expression of CXCR3, resulting in lower acute lung allograft rejection scores. Furthermore, the combination of low dose cyclosporin A with anti-CXCL9 therapy had more profound effects on intragraft leukocyte infiltration and in reducing acute allograft rejection scores. This supports the notion that CXCL9 interaction with cells expressing CXCR3 has an important role in the recruitment of mononuclear cells, a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of acute lung allograft rejection.
A study of suspended-membrane and acoustic techniques for the determination of the mechanical properties of thin polymer films (1991)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Water uptake and release from iodine‐containing bone cement (2004)

Water uptake and release characteristics of PMMA cement containing the water-soluble contrast media iohexol or iodixanol have been investigated. The water uptake study revealed that iohexol had the highest uptake of water (3.7%) and that iodixanol had an uptake close to that of Palacos R (2.3% and 1.9%). The curves obtained showed the materials to follow classic diffusion theory, with an initial linearity with respect to t(1/2) making it possible to calculate the diffusion coefficients. This showed iohexol to have the lowest diffusion coefficient, Palacos R the highest, and iodixanol close to that of Palacos R. The release study showed that more iohexol than iodixanol was released from the bone cement; the long-term release was above 25 microg/mL for iohexol compared to slightly above 10 microg/mL for iodixanol. A microCT investigation showed that the risk of developing an observable radiolucent zone is negligible.
Polymeric Microspheres for Controlled-Release Herbicide Formulations (1993)

A series of polymeric microsphere formulations were prepared and tested for their ability to control the release of an herbicide, Dicamba (DA; 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), over an extended period of time. Microspheres (MSs) were produced from both ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyarylsulfone (PS) in the desired size range (20-40 µm) by solvent evaporation or spray drying. Generally, PS MSs could be loaded with more DA (up to nearly 50 wt%) than could the EC MSs (maximum loading obtained was 23 wt%). EC MSs released DA at a greater rate than did comparable PS MSs under sonication and in soil column irrigation tests. The release rate of DA from the EC MSs could be controlled by using different viscosity grades (i.e., molecular weights) of EC: higher viscosity EC led to a lower DA release rate. The release rate of DA was also controlled by using a combination of EC with PS. Overall, MSs prepared from EC, PS, or EC/PS show promise as controlled release formulations for herbicides.
Magnetic hyperfine field at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>111</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>probes in the topmost atomic layer of Ni(111) surfaces (1990)

The magnetic hyperfine field was measured at $^{111}\mathrm{In}$${(}^{111}$Cd) probes on Ni(111) surfaces utilizing the perturbed \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}-angular-correlation method. Over the entire temperature range up to the Curie temperature the magnetic hyperfine field at probes in the topmost monolayer was found to be reduced as compared to the field for probes in the 3.5th monolayer and in bulk. The probe lattice location was inferred from the structural information derived through simultaneous measurement of the electric-field-gradient tensor acting at probe nuclei.
Revisiting the role of retinoid signaling in skeletal development (2003)

Several years ago, it was discovered that an imbalance of vitamin A during embryonic development has dramatic teratogenic effects. These effects have since been attributed to vitamin A's most active metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), which itself profoundly influences the development of multiple organs including the skeleton. After decades of study, researchers are still uncovering the molecular basis whereby retinoids regulate skeletal development. Retinoid signaling involves several components, from the enzymes that control the synthesis and degradation of RA, to the cytoplasmic RA-binding proteins, and the nuclear receptors that modulate gene transcription. As new functions for each component continue to be discovered, their developmental roles appear increasingly complex. Interestingly, each component has been implicated in skeletal development. Moreover, retinoid signaling comes into play at distinct stages throughout the developmental sequence of skeletogenesis, highlighting a fundamental role for this pathway in forming the adult skeleton. Consistent with these roles, manipulation of the retinoid signaling pathway significantly affects the expression of the skeletogenic master regulatory factors, Sox9 and Cbfa1. In addition to the fact that we now have a greater understanding of the retinoid signaling pathway on a molecular level, much more information is now available to begin placing retinoid signaling within the context of other factors that regulate skeletogenesis. Here we review these recent advances and describe our current understanding of how retinoid signaling functions to coordinate skeletal development. We also discuss future directions and clinical implications in this field.
Are the presynaptic membrane particles the calcium channels? (1981)

The number of large intramembrane particles associated with sites of synaptic vesicle release at the squid giant synapse was determined and compared to the average maximal presynaptic calcium current in order to derive an estimate of the conductance each particle would have if it were a calcium channel. This value, 0.21 pS, compares favorably with conductances of calcium channels in other preparations, substantiating the idea that the large intramembrane particles, which are concentrated at "active zones," represent calcium channels.
Soluble Neprilysin in the General Population: Clinical Determinants and Its Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease (2019)

Background Neprilysin is a metalloprotease involved in proteolysis of numerous peptides, including natriuretic peptides, and is of prognostic and therapeutic importance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. No studies have investigated circulating neprilysin in the community, its clinical correlates, or its relationship to cardiovascular disease in the general population. Methods and Results Plasma neprilysin was measured in 1536 participants from Olmsted County, Minnesota, using a commercially available sandwich ELISA assay. Clinical and echocardiographic correlates and subsequent outcomes were determined. Soluble neprilysin is non-normally distributed in the community (median: 3.9 ng/mL; interquartile range: 1.0-43.0 ng/mL). There was no relationship between plasma neprilysin and age (Spearman correlation: -0.04, P=0.16); body mass index (Spearman correlation: -0.04, P=0.16); glomerular filtration rate (Spearman correlation: -0.007, P=0.8); or A-, B-, or C-type natriuretic peptides (Spearman correlation: 0.03, P=0.22; -0.001, P=0.96; 0.01, P=0.67, respectively). Among tertiles of neprilysin, the lowest tertile group had the highest prevalence of smokers (P<0.001), hypertension (P=0.04), dyslipidemia (P=0.03), and diastolic dysfunction (P=0.02). Soluble neprilysin was not prospectively associated with death or heart failure over a median of 10.7 years. Conclusions In a large community-based cohort, for the first time, we described the distribution of circulating neprilysin in the general community. We observed that neprilysin does not correlate with natriuretic peptide levels and is not independently associated with adverse outcomes. The novel associations observed between low soluble neprilysin levels and an adverse cardiometabolic and smoking profile requires further investigation.
A Selective Role for Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate in the Gi-dependent Activation of Platelet Rap1B (2002)

The small GTP-binding protein Rap1B is activated in human platelets upon stimulation of a G(i)-dependent signaling pathway. In this work, we found that inhibition of platelet adenylyl cyclase by dideoxyadenosine or SQ22536 did not cause activation of Rap1B and did not restore Rap1B activation in platelets stimulated by cross-linking of Fcgamma receptor IIA (FcgammaRIIA) in the presence of ADP scavengers. Moreover, elevation of the intracellular cAMP concentration did not impair the G(i)-dependent activation of Rap1B. Two unrelated inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), wortmannin and LY294002, totally prevented Rap1B activation in platelets stimulated by cross-linking of FcgammaRIIA, by stimulation of the P2Y(12) receptor for ADP, or by epinephrine. However, in platelets from PI3Kgamma-deficient mice, both ADP and epinephrine were still able to normally stimulate Rap1B activation through a PI3K-dependent mechanism, suggesting the involvement of a different isoform of the enzyme. Moreover, the lack of PI3Kgamma did not prevent the ability of epinephrine to potentiate platelet aggregation through a G(i)-dependent pathway. The inhibitory effect of wortmannin on Rap1B activation was overcome by addition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)), but not PtdIns(3,4)P(2), although both lipids were found to support phosphorylation of Akt. Moreover, PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) was able to relieve the inhibitory effect of apyrase on FcgammaRIIA-mediated platelet aggregation. We conclude that stimulation of a G(i)-dependent signaling pathway causes activation of the small GTPase Rap1B through the action of the PI3K product PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), but not PtdIns(3,4)P(2), and that this process may contribute to potentiation of platelet aggregation.