gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the carbohydrate moieties of rat and human plasma alpha 1-acid glycoproteins. (1981)

Rat and human alpha 1-acid glycoproteins contain 5 and 6 acidic asparagine-linked sugar chains in 1 molecule, respectively. The structures of these sugar chains were studied by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis after being released from the polypeptide back bone by hydrazinolysis. All oligosaccharides obtained from both glycoproteins contain N-acetylneuraminic acid. Sialidase digestion of the acidic oligosaccharides from rat sample released three biantennary complex type sugar chains and three triantennary complex type sugar chains, the outer chains of which are composed of Gal beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAc and/or Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc. In the original acidic oligosaccharides, sialic acids occur as three type linkages: NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal, NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal, and Gal beta 1 leads to 3(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6)GlcNAc. In addition to the five sugar chains reported by Fournet, B., Montreuil, J., Strecker, G., Dorland, L., Haverkamp, J., Vilegenthart, J. F. G., Binette, J. P., and Schmid, K. ((1978) Biochemistry 17, 5206-5214), the structures of three new sugar chains of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were elucidated.
Shedding (a Thousand Points of) Light on Biased Language (2018)

This paper considers the linguistic indicators of bias in political text. We used Amazon Mechanical Turk judgments about sentences from American political blogs, asking annotators to indicate whether a sentence showed bias, and if so, in which political direction and through which word tokens. We also asked annotators questions about their own political views. We conducted a preliminary analysis of the data, exploring how different groups perceive bias in different blogs, and showing some lexical indicators strongly associated with perceived bias.
A Novel HARQ Scheme Utilizing the Iterative Soft-information Feedback in MIMO System (2007)

In this document, a novel MIMO HARQ scheme is proposed, which jointly utilizes both chase combining and MLD. By utilizing the bit-wise soft-information (BWSI) derived from channel decoder iteratively for next retransmission's MLD effectively, the performances, such as PER and throughout seen from simulation results, outperforms conventional HARQ scheme.
Traversing Binary Tree Structures with Shift-Register Memories (1977)

The paper proposes a tree-structured shift-register memory which employs two different data permutation operations to perform pre-/post-order traversals of binary tree structures.
Approaches to the Assessment of Stable and Chemically Reactive Drug Metabolites in Early Clinical Trials (2009)

The recommendations of the FDA's final Guidance document on Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites provide a framework for devising preclinical toxicology assessment paradigms, where necessary, for human metabolites of small molecule drug candidates. Importantly, these recommendations carry implications for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating drug metabolites in early human trials, which typically are performed without the benefit of a radiolabeled tracer. In this perspective, an approach to these goals is outlined based on recent work at Merck Research Laboratories involving the use of ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, performed on a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer, of first-in-human study plasma samples. With the aid of a fractional mass filtering algorithm, drug metabolites are distinguished from endogeneous background materials and subsequently identified on the basis of their accurate masses, product ion mass spectra, and computer-assisted structure elucidation software routines. Semiquantitative analysis then is based on calibration of the MS response to each analyte with reference to radioactivity data from in vitro metabolic profiles. In the case of chemically reactive drug metabolites, which are excluded from consideration in the Guidance, a proactive approach is advocated whereby potent (low dose) drug candidates with only a limited propensity to form electrophilic intermediates are advanced into development. Overall, a decision on the need to conduct separate evaluation of the safety profile of a human drug metabolite(s) should take into consideration all of the available information on the compound of interest and be based on a case-by-case approach employing sound scientific principles.
Condensation of Supersaturated Vapors of Dioctylphthalate: Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements (1994)

Abstract Homogeneous nucleation rates of dioctylphthalate (DOP) [1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (bis-2-ethyl hexyl ester)] ranging from 0.032 to 16.3 drops cm−3 s−1 were measured as a function of supersaturation and temperature by using an upward thermal diffusion cloud chamber. The influence of thermodiffusiophoresis was included in raw data analysis. An empirical formula was used to fit measured nucleation rates over a supersaturation range from 33 to 68 and temperatures ranging from 364 to 396 K. A comparison with earlier published data on critical supersaturations of DOP showed consistency of both measurements.
The <i>RAD7</i> , <i>RAD16</i> , and <i>RAD23</i> Genes of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : Requirement for Transcription-Independent Nucleotide Excision Repair In Vitro and Interactions between the Gene Products (1997)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a biochemical process required for the repair of many different types of DNA lesions. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RAD7, RAD16, and RAD23 genes have been specifically implicated in NER of certain transcriptionally repressed loci and in the nontranscribed strand of transcriptionally active genes. We have used a cell-free system to study the roles of the Rad7, Rad16, and Rad23 proteins in NER. Transcription-independent NER of a plasmid substrate was defective in rad7, rad16, and rad23 mutant extracts. Complementation studies with a previously purified NER protein complex (nucleotide excision repairosome) indicate that Rad23 is a component of the repairosome, whereas Rad7 and Rad16 proteins were not found in this complex. Complementation studies with rad4, rad7, rad16, and rad23 mutant extracts suggest physical interactions among these proteins. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments using the yeast two-hybrid assay, which demonstrated the following pairwise interactions: Rad4 with Rad23, Rad4 with Rad7, and Rad7 with Rad16. Additionally, interaction between the Rad7 and Rad16 proteins was demonstrated in vitro. Our results show that Rad7, Rad16, and Rad23 are required for transcription-independent NER in vitro. This process may involve a unique protein complex which is distinct from the repairosome and which contains at least the Rad4, Rad7, and Rad16 proteins.
Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2005)

This differential gene expression profiling of PBMCs from patients with SARS strongly suggests that the response of SARS affected patients seems to be mainly an innate inflammatory response, rather than a specific immune response against a viral infection, as we observed a complete lack of cytokine genes usually triggered during a viral infection. Our study shows for the first time how the immune system responds to the SARS infection, and opens new possibilities for designing new diagnostics and treatments for this new life-threatening disease.
New yttria plasters (1978)

A new, sinterable yttria (Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/) plaster was developed. The properties of this plaster depend on: (1) starting-power characteristics, (2) type and concentration of the acid used for the liquid phase, and (3) the liquid-to powder (L/P) ratios. Physical and chemical properties of the yttria plaster were investigated. Plasters formed in the yttria/acid/water (dilute-acids) system were determined to consist mostly of needle (or plate)-shaped hydroxysalt binder phases analogous to precipitates in the YX/sub 3//sodium hydroxide/water system (where X represents either Cl/sup -/ or NO/sub 3//sup -/). The binder phases were shown to be of the form Y/sub 2/(OH)/sub 6-m/X/sub m/ x nH/sub 2/O, where m and n generally equal one. The decomposition behavior on heating yttria plasters was studied by thermal analyses. The nitric acid-produced plasters decomposed to yttria below 600/sup 0/C in argon; the hydrochloric acid-produced plasters decomposed to yttria by 1520/sup 0/C in argon or by 1100/sup 0/C in air. Examination of scandium oxide and the rare-earth oxides showed that several exhibited a plaster-forming behavior similar to yttria.
Design of Skid-Steer Mobile Robot with Single Landmark based Localization Using Visual Control System (2016)

This paper proposes design of a simple and cost effective skid steer mobile robot platform using visual control system which can track the desired trajectory autonomously. To achieve autonomy, a visual control system was employed which uses visual images as medium to perform computer based closed loop control. The mobile robot was localized using single optical landmark flitted over the ceiling of the arena which claims to be simple and more reliable. The computer commands the robot using a visual patterns generated and displayed on computer monitor. A novel image interface module hardware was designed which will translate this visual pattern into a motor command for the robot wheels. A graphical user interface was also deigned to monitor the performance and for manual control of the robot. Finally, the performance of the robot was evaluated by subjecting it to a square trajectory and the results and further usage of the robot platform were discussed.
WHATʼS NEW IN HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

JBJS was founded by the American Orthopaedic Association in 1903 and is the Official Journal of the American Orthopaedic Association. EXCELLENCE THROUGH PEER REVIEW The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS) has been the most valued source of information for orthopaedic surgeons and researchers for over 125 years and is the gold standard in peer-reviewed scientific information in the field. A core journal and essential reading for general as well as specialist orthopaedic surgeons worldwide, JBJS publishes evidence-based research to enhance the quality of care for orthopaedic patients. Standards of excellence and high quality are maintained in everything we do, from the science of the content published to the customer service we provide. JBJS is an independent, non-profit journal. JBJS.org is the version of record of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. JBJS is published twice a month on the first and third Wednesday of each month, each time adding to a comprehensive PDF archive dating back to 1889. Additional features online include: article commenting, social sharing links, instructional videos, podcasts, and continuing medical education activities. Contributions from anywhere in the world are welcome and considered on their merits. The manuscript must be written in English and should be submitted as outlined in the Instructions for Authors. Manuscripts are subject to blinded peer review by experts and a final decision by the editor. Papers are judged by the quality and relevance of the work. Our aim is to publish the best material available from anywhere in the world.
Cognitive Impairment in Pain through Amygdala-Driven Prefrontal Cortical Deactivation (2010)

Cognitive deficits such as impaired decision-making can be a consequence of persistent pain. Normal functions of the intact amygdala and prefrontal cortex are required for emotion-based decision-making that relies on the ability to assess risk, attribute value, and identify advantageous strategies. We tested the hypothesis that pain-related cognitive deficits result from amygdala-driven impairment of medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) function. To do this, we used electrophysiological single-unit recordings in vivo, patch clamp in brain slices, and various behavioral assays to show that increased neuronal activity in the amygdala in an animal model of arthritis pain was accompanied by decreased mPFC activation and impaired decision-making. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition (with a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor antagonist) of pain-related hyperactivity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but not central amygdala (CeA), reversed deactivation of mPFC pyramidal cells and improved decision-making deficits. Pain-related cortical deactivation resulted from a shift of balance between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission. Direct excitatory transmission to mPFC pyramidal cells did not change in the pain model, whereas polysynaptic inhibitory transmission increased. GABAergic transmission was reduced by non-NMDA receptor antagonists, suggesting that synaptic inhibition was glutamate driven. The results are consistent with a model of BLA-driven feedforward inhibition of mPFC neurons. In contrast to the differential effects of BLA versus CeA hyperactivity on cortical-cognitive functions, both amygdala nuclei modulate emotional-affective pain behavior. Thus, this study shows that the amygdala contributes not only to emotional-affective but also cognitive effects of pain. The novel amygdalo-cortical pain mechanism has important implications for our understanding of amygdala functions and amygdalo-cortical interactions.
A NEW HIGHLY POTENT PARATHYROID HORMONE ANTAGONIST: [D-TRP<sup>l2</sup>,TYR<sup>34</sup>]bPTH-(7–34)NH<sub>2</sub> (1988)

Based upon N-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) analog structure-activity relationship studies, position 12 was found to possess a wide structural latitude and was chosen as a site for single amino acid substitutions. Replacement of the naturally-occurring Gly with D-Trp at position 12 in the PTH antagonists [Tyr34]bPTH-(7-34)NH2 and [Nle8,18,Tyr34]bPTH-(7-34)NH2 increased in vitro receptor affinity. The D-Trp12 containing analogs were 12-fold more potent than their unsubstituted counterparts as inhibitors of PTH binding to renal and bone PTH receptors and 13-27-fold more potent as inhibitors of PTH-stimulated renal and bone adenylate cyclase activity. Based upon Scatchard analyses of saturation binding experiments and Schild analyses of adenylate cyclase experiments, [D-Trp12,Tyr34]bPTH-(7-34)NH2 was shown to interact with PTH receptors in a competitive manner. These studies demonstrate, therefore, that D-Trp12 substitution in PTH antagonists improves inhibitory properties in vitro and is compatible with a helical conformation at this position as a new direction for the design of PTH antagonists.
THE CARBON DIOXIDE LASER SURGERY= (1975)

The present paper describes fundamental knowledge on the carbon dioxide laser and its clinical applications.The CO2 laser which has a wavelength of 10. 6 micrometer is almost completely absorbed by any biological tissue regardless of its pigmentation and is directly converted into heat energy.The mechanisms in destructing the soft tissue with CO2 laser irradiation consist of rapid vaporization of water component of the tissue and thermal denaturation of tissue protein.The advantages of CO2 laser as a light knife are as follows;1) Tissue removal by vaporization with extraordinary hemostatic effect.2) Excellent visualization without mechanical contact.3) Exact localization of destuction within an extrely small area. Furthermore, one can utilize CO2 laser for microscopic surgery by coupling the laser to a surgical microscope with a specially designed delivery manipulater and micromanipulater.
Interference Mitigation in GNSS Receivers by a Time-Frequency Approach (2013)

Undesired interfering signals are considered to be one of the main threats to the correct behavior of new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. There is a huge variety of interference that can occur in the real world, such as narrow band, wide band, impulsive, stationary, or nonstationary CWs. Processing techniques based on time-frequency (TF) distributions allow one to detect and mitigate many different types of these undesired signals. A TF mitigation technique is proposed to enable GNSS receivers to reduce the interference affecting the incoming signal. The proposed algorithm uses a synthesis technique based on the orthogonal-like Gabor expansion, in order to obtain an estimate of the interference, that is then subtracted from the input signal. In the presence of a wide class of deterministic interfering signals, the proposed mitigation strategy is effective in terms of acquisition and tracking performance and outperforms other algorithms described in the literature.
NOx reduction using combined system of pulse corona with catalyst (2000)

In this work we report the NOx removal by reduction using two types of plasma reactors; the plasma-driven catalyst (PDC) reactor and the plasma-enhanced selective catalytic reduction (PE-SCR) reactor. In the PDC system, reduction was found to be the dominant pathway of NOx removal under the presence of additives. Gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and type of additives were found to be important parameters which determine the removal rates of NO and NOx in the PDC system. In the PE-SCR system with NH3, the plasma converted most of NO to NO2, and total NOx was successfully reduced over the Co-ZSM5 catalyst.
Data processing for amperometric signals (1995)

Multicomponent analysis with arrays of individually modified electrodes is under investigation. This paper is concerned with a preliminary study of data processing of the singals of such an array. Voltammetric measurements of solution mixtures consisting of two nitrophenols were made with two disc electrodes (gold and rhodium, diameter 2.8 mm) in well stirred solutions. Linear scan voltammograms were used to test a data reduction and filtering method, and two multivariate calibration techniques, i.e., a linear and a non-linear model, were evaluated. The non-linear model gave better results, indicating that non-linear effects occur with amperometric measurements of multicomponent solutions.
Pathogenesis, Prevention, And Treatment Of Osteoporosis (1989)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Techniques for finding ring covers in survivable networks (2002)

Given an arbitrary telecommunications network N our goal is to find the minimum cost for equipment which will enable N to survive an arbitrary link fault. We consider uni-directional and bi-directional ring technologies. Basically, our goal is to find minimum cost ring covers for any network N, where a ring cover is a set C of rings such that every link in N is covered by (i.e. part of) at least one ring in C. If a network N is augmented with enough equipment to support a given ring cover C, it can respond to a link failure immediately (and automatically) by routing the disrupted traffic through surviving links in the ring that covers the failed link. We describe an efficient algorithm to find a minimum cost ring cover for uni-directional transmission rings under simplifying assumptions. This algorithm offers a useful heuristic for computing low cost ring covers for existing networks and actual cost functions. We also provide efficient heuristics to find nearly minimum cost ring covers for bi-directional transmission rings. We show that certain versions of the bi-directional problem are NP-complete, hence (presumably) no efficient algorithm exists that always finds a minimum cost ring cover. However, our heuristics perform well in practice.
Immunological Differentiation of Human Testicular (Spermatocele) and Seminal Spermatozoa. (1960)

Spermatozoa from spermatoceles lack the antigenic material present on seminal spermatozoa, which these latter cells share with the seminal plasma. This provides direct evidence that human spermatozoa acquire antigenic material during their passage through the adnexal glands of the genital tract.
GTP and guanosine synergistically enhance NGF‐induced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells (1996)

Six per cent of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells extended neurites (processes greater than one cell diameter in length) in the presence of 300 microM extracellular GTP or 300 microM guanosine for 48 hr, compared to only 2.5% of cells in control cultures. In the presence of 40 ng/ml of 2.5S NGF, about 20-35% of PC12 cells had neurites after 48 hr, and the addition of 300 microM guanosine or GTP together with NGF synergistically increased the proportion of cells with neurites to 40-65%. GTP and guanosine also increased the average number of branches per neurite, from 0.6 in NGF-treated cultures to 1.2 (guanosine) or 1.5 (GTP). Neurites formed after exposure to NGF alone had axonal characteristics as determined by immunocytochemistry with antibody, SMI-31, against axonal-specific polyphosphorylated neurofilament epitopes. Neurites generated with the addition of both guanosine or GTP had the same characteristics. GTP probably did not exert its effects via the P2X or P2Y purinoceptors because the adenine nucleotides ATP, ATP gamma S, ADP beta S, and ADP, which are all agonists of these receptors, inhibited rather than enhanced, NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. UTP also enhanced the proportion of cells with neurites, although not to the same degree as did GTP. This may indicate activity through a P2U-like nucleotide receptor. However, the response profile obtained, GTP > UTP >> ATP, does not fit the profile of any known P2Y, P2X or P2U receptor. The poorly hydrolyzable GTP analogues, GTP gamma S and GDP beta s were also unable to enhance the proportion of cells with neurites. This implied that GTP may produce its effects through a GTP-specific ectoenzyme or kinase. This idea was supported by results showing that another poorly hydrolyzable analogue, GMP-PCP, competitively inhibited the effects of GTP on neurite outgrowth. GTP did not exert its effects after hydrolysis to guanosine since the metabolic intermediates GDP and GMP were also ineffective in enhancing the proportion of cells with neurites. Moreover, the effects of GTP and guanosine were mutually additive, implying that these two purines utilized different signal transduction mechanisms. The effects of guanosine were not affected by the nucleoside uptake inhibitors nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI) and dipyridamole, indicating that a transport mechanism was not involved. Guanosine also did not activate the purinergic P1 receptors, because the A2 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine (DPMX) or CGS15943, and the A1 receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chloro)xanthine (PACPX) did not inhibit its reaction. Therefore guanosine enhanced neurite outgrowth by a signal transduction mechanism that does not include the activation of the P1 purinoceptors. The enhancement of the neuritogenic effects of NGF by GTP and guanosine may have physiological implications in sprouting and functional recovery after neuronal injury in the CNS, due to the high levels of nucleosides and nucleotides released from dead or injured cells.