gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connect the Dots—October 2017 (2017)

Ring, Brandi MD; Flaum, Sheila DO; Ramirez, Kristen Grundy MD, MPH; Chescheir, Nancy C. MD Author Information
GABA-ergic system in brain regions of glutamate-lesioned rats. (1985)

Subcutaneous administration of high doses of glutamate to rats during their first 10 days after birth produced a great reduction of GABA content and GAD activity in the adult mediobasal hypothalamus, both in male and female. In addition GABA content and GAD activity showed a slight significant decrease in female cerebellum and male striatum. Glutamate treatment was also followed by a significant increase in GABA content and GAD activity of male substantia nigra, cerebellum, hippocampus and of female olfactory bulb. No reduction in GABA-T activity was observed in different brain areas studied except in mediobasal hypothalamus. The results support the view that glutamate treatment had a direct toxic effect on GABA-ergic neurons in mediobasal hypothalamus. The changes in GAD activity observed in all areas studied may reflect the neuroendocrine changes determined by nucleus arcuate lesions.
Intensive cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) therapy for solid tumors. (1975)

Cyclophospamide was given in two dose schedules to 25 patients with a variety of nonlymphoid solid tumors. Eleven patients were given 18 courses of cyclophosphamide at a total dose of 60 mg/kg. Sixteen patients received 26 courses at a total dose of 100 mg/kg. Two patients were treated with both regimens. Partial responses were achieved in two patients treated with 60-mg/kg dose of cyclophosphamide. One of these patients had osteogenic sarcoma and the other had renal carcinoma. The higher dose also produced two partial responses, one in a patient with anaplastic carcinom a of the lung and the other in a patient with anaplastic carcinoma of the lung and the other in a patient with embryonal testicular carcinoma. Mean leukocyte counts fell to a nadir of 1400 cells/mm after 60 mg/kg while they dropped to below 1000 cells/mm for 5 days after 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Mean platelet counts remained above 150,000 platelets/mm after both cyclophosphamide schedules. In fective complications were documented aftter three of the 18 courses at 60 mg/kg and after ten of the 26 courses at 100 mg5kg. In the latter group, there were three episodes of bacteremia, including one death from pseudomonas sepsis. Nonhematologic toxicity noted with the 100-mg/kg dose of cyclophosphamide included rare instances of electrocardiogram changes and serum enzyme alterations compatible with myocardial toxicity. The intensive cyclophosphamide therapy did not appear to result in an increased antitumor response in malignancies usually considered to be refractory to alkylating agents.
Noninvasive Methods in the Diagnosis of Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease: A Correlation with Carotid Arteriography in Eighty Patients (1984)

Five hundred fifty-nine patients were evaluated for carotid artery disease in the Blood Flow Laboratory by the following direct and indirect noninvasive methods: 1. Periorbital doppler examination; 2. Ocular pneumoplethysmography (Gee); 3. Pulsed doppler ultrasonic arteriography; and 4. Sound spectral analysis with a pulsed doppler. Carotid arteriograms were available for comparison with one hundred fifty-seven vessels (80 patients). Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy was established for each noninvasive modality by correlation with the angiographic findings. For detection of stenoses greater than 50% by diameter reduction, sensitivity was 98%. Sound spectral analysis and ultrasonic arteriography were found to yield a higher sensitivity when compared to the other noninvasive methods in detecting stenoses of less than 50%. In our hands, disturbed spectral flow patterns do not always correlate with the degree of stenosis in non-hemodynamic lesions. Our results indicate that proper patient selection for angiographic examination can be made through noninvasive screening.
Information gain ratio as term weight (2002)

This paper proposes a new term weighting method for summarizing documents retrieved by IR system. Unlike query-biased summarization, our method utilizes not the information of query, but the similarity information among original documents by hierarchical clustering. To map the similarity structure of the clusters into the weight of each word, we adopt the information gain ratio of probabilistic distribution of each word as term weight.
The value of primate models for studying human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis (1996)

Research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is compromised by the obvious limitation in having for study only virus-infected individuals or those exposed to the virus. Steps involved in transmission or pathogenesis require planned experimentation. The identification of animal models of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has therefore been helpful for evaluating phases of HIV pathogenesis. Of the seven subgenera of lentiviruses now recognized, two share the characteristics with HIV of a T cell tropism and the associated loss of CD4+ cells in the host associated with disease: the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (Table 1). The other animal lentiviruses grow best in macrophages and their infection generally reflects clinical sequellae of infection of this cell type. This review addresses those features of SIV, HIV, and SHIV infections of non-human primates that illustrate the importance of the animal models of AIDS.
Absolute Beginner's Guide to Microsoft Office Excel 2003 (2003)

Absolute Beginner's Guide to Microsoft Excel 2003 is your key to designing and producing dazzling worksheets. Here, you learn how to build worksheets from scratch and customize Excel's worksheet templates. You'll find how to enhance worksheets with fancy fonts, colorful shading and borders, and Excel's vast collection of clip art images. This book takes you step-by-step through the most essential tasks and provides plenty of illustrations that show you exactly what to do. Soon you will be well-qualified to graduate from Absolute Beginner to Excel Whiz.
A comparative study of processing methods and property relations of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors (2003)

Superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 6+x/ samples were made from powders prepared by three different routes: solid state reaction, coprecipitation of all components from nitrates and coprecipitation of Y and Ba oxalates on CuO particles. The powders produced by solid-state reaction were given different degrees of milling, calcined and either sintered or hot-pressed. The powders synthesized from solutions were precipitated either by mixing or spraying and were subsequently sintered and then annealed in oxygen at 600 C. In all cases, sintering at 920 C was found to give the lowest normal state resistivity. Samples hot pressed at 875 C required a subsequent annealing at higher temperatures to regain the superconducting phase. The solid-state reaction and coated-CuO methods gave single-phase material after sintering. Samples made from the conventional coprecipitation method always showed some nonsuperconducting phases. The latter specimens did exhibit superconductivity with T/sub c/ values of about 70 K; subsequent annealing did not significantly improve T/sub c/. Optimized attrition milled samples and those made by the coated-CuO method gave the lowest values of resistivity in the normal state. The extent of corrosion by interaction with water was studied. It was found that within one hour in water at 60 C, the samples lost most of their superconductivity. Ba was preferentially leached out compared to yttrium and copper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE PRODUCTION OF HYPERTENSION, NEPHROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIAC LESIONS BY METHYLANDROSTENEDIOL TREATMENT IN THE RAT<sup>1</sup> (1953)

The “hyalinosis syndrome” is the name applied, by Selye (1946, 1950), to the cardiovascular-renal changes which occur in salt-treated, unilaterally nephrectomized rats administered such steroids as desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) or Reichstein’s Compound S (desoxocortisone) for prolonged periods. The characteristic changes of this syndrome are hypertension, renal and cardiac hypertrophy, nephrosclerosis, glomerular hyalinization, “rheumatic-like” cardiac nodules and frequently periarteritis nodosa. Up to the present time such changes have been observed only after treatment with steroids known to possess appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. This fact, plus the observation that certain stresses, as well as the administration of lyophilized anterior pituitary powder (LAP) or alkaline pituitary extract (APE) also produced the hyalinosis syndrome, led Selye to postulate (1946, 1950) that similar pathological conditions in the human might be pathogenetically related to hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary-adrenocortical system involving the increased secretion of mineralo-corticoids. Selye and his co-workers have further observed that experimental nephrosclerosis and hypertension were more readily produced in female or castrate male rats than in intact males
Hypercoagulable states (1992)

Recognition of patients who should be evaluated for either hereditary or acquired hypercoagulable states is important so that treatment may be instituted if necessary to prevent thrombosis. Close attention to the medical history, medications, family history, and circumstantial risk factors can help identify patients at risk so that morbidity and mortality may be reduced. Patients with hereditary thrombosis should receive lifelong anticoagulation.
[A clinical trial of recombinant human superoxide dismutase for myocardial protection]. (1993)

This study explored the effect of recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rh-SOD) for the prevention of reperfusion injury and the myocardial protection in open heart surgery. Fifty one patients undergoing cardiac valve replacements were divided into the following four groups; group I (n = 14), 50 ml of saline was administered through the aortic root into the coronary artery a few minutes prior to reperfusion; group II (n = 14), rh-SOD (10000 U/kg) was administered as the same manner as the group I; group III (n = 13), rh-SOD (10000 U/kg) was administered into the cardiopulmonary circuit a few minutes prior to reperfusion; group IV (n = 10), rh-SOD (3000 U/kg) was administered as the same manner as the group III. They received continuous perfusion of cold blood and GIK solution every 30 minutes. Arterial blood samplings for Creatine phosphokinase MBisozyme (CPK-MB), alpha-hydroxy lactic acid dehydrogenase (HBDH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBA) were measured up to 24 hours after the reperfusion. CPK-MB values at 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion, and HBDH value at 12 hours after the reperfusion in group II were significantly lower than those in group I. CPK-MB and HBDH levels in group III were lower than group I without statistically significant differences. TBA levels in group II at 9 and 12 hours after the reperfusion were lower than these in group I. TBA levels were not statistically different in group I, III and IV. These results suggest that administration of rh-SOD at the time of reperfusion may be required to prevent reperfusion injury in open heart surgery.
Investigating object-oriented design metrics to predict fault-proneness of software modules (2012)

This paper empirically investigates the relationship of class design level object-oriented metrics with fault proneness of object-oriented software system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of the design attributes related to coupling, cohesion, complexity, inheritance and size with their corresponding metrics in predicting fault proneness both in independent and combine basis. In this paper, we conducted two set of systematic investigations using publicly available project datasets over its multiple subsequent releases to performed our investigation and four machine learning techniques to validated our results. The first set of investigation consisted of applying the univariate logistic regression (ULR), Spearman's correlation and AUC (Area under ROC curve) analysis on four PROMISE datasets. This investigation evaluated the capability of each metric to predict fault proneness, when used in isolation. The second set of experiments consisted of applying the four machine learning techniques on the next two subsequent versions of the same project datasets to validate the effectiveness of the metrics. Based on the results of individual performance of metrics, we used only those metrics that are found significant, to build multivariate prediction models. Next, we evaluated the significant metrics related to design attributes both in isolation and in combination to validated their capability of predicting fault proneness. Our results suggested that models built on coupling and complexity metrics are better and more accurate than those built on using the rest of metrics.
A walking prescription for statically-stable walkers based on walker/terrain interaction (2003)

The walker/terrain interaction phenomena for the control of a statically stable walking machine are described. The algorithms, measures, and knowledge of walker/terrain interaction phenomena are then combined to form a prescription for how to walk on general terrain. This prescription consists of two parts: nominal control and reactive control. The function of nominal control is the evaluation and execution of planned motions, based on predicted foot force redistributions, to achieve reliable locomotion. The function of reactive control is the monitoring of walker/terrain interaction in real-time to detect anomalous conditions and then respond with the appropriate reflexive actions. Simulations and experiments have been used to test and verify various aspects of the walking prescription.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of storage conditions and extraction methods on the quantity and quality of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA): the SPIDIA-DNAplas External Quality Assessment experience (2015)

The evidence-based results of the SPIDIA-DNAplas EQA have been proposed as a basis for the development of a Technical Specification by the European Committee for standardisation (CEN).
A Fog Computing Solution for Context-Based Privacy Leakage Detection for Android Healthcare Devices (2019)

Intelligent medical service system integrates wireless internet of things (WIoT), including medical sensors, wireless communications, and middleware techniques, so as to collect and analyze patients' data to examine their physical conditions by many personal health devices (PHDs) in real time. However, large amount of malicious codes on the Android system can compromise consumers' privacy, and further threat the hospital management or even the patients' health. Furthermore, this sensor-rich system keeps generating large amounts of data and saturates the middleware system. To address these challenges, we propose a fog computing security and privacy protection solution. Specifically, first, we design the security and privacy protection framework based on the fog computing to improve tele-health and tele-medicine infrastructure. Then, we propose a context-based privacy leakage detection method based on the combination of dynamic and static information. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher detection accuracy and lower energy consumption compared with other state-of-art methods.
An Electrothermal Tip–Tilt–Piston Micromirror Based on Folded Dual S-Shaped Bimorphs (2009)

This paper presents the design, optimization, fabrication, and test results of an electrothermally actuated tip-tilt-piston micromirror with a large optical aperture of 1 mm. The fabrication of the device is a combination of thin-film surface micromachining and bulk silicon micromachining based on silicon-on-insulator wafers. The device has 3-DOF of actuations, including rotations around two axes in the mirror plane, and out-of-plane piston actuation. The micromirror shows an optical scan range of plusmn30 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> about both <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> - and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> -axes and displaces 480 mum in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> -axis, all at dc voltages that are less than 8 V. Dynamic testing of the micromirror shows that the thermal response time of each actuator is about 10 ms. Resonant frequencies of the piston and rotation motion are 336 and 488 Hz, respectively. The unique structural design of the device ensures that there is no lateral shift for the piston motion and no rotation-axis shift for the rotation scanning. With the large tip-tilt-piston scan ranges and low driving voltage, this type of device is very suitable for biomedical imaging and laser beam steering applications.
A three-step strategy for generalization of 3D building models based on CityGML specifications (2013)

3D building models of the world exhibit multi-scale properties. Different level-of-details (LoDs) are important for different applications. Therefore, generation of multi-scale representation of 3D building models to fulfill the demands of these applications is a generalization problem. In order to generalize 3D buildings, different pieces of information need to be preserved or removed to restrict the amount of data represented on a certain LoD. In this work, a three-step strategy based on simplification, aggregation and reconstruction of generalized buildings represented in City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) is proposed. The minimum length of edges (threshold value) for removal of amount of data is restricted to generalization specifications of CityGML characterized by differing accuracies and minimal dimensions of objects for each LoD. The main part of this paper is simplification of ground plans. For this purpose, a new approach is proposed to restrict number of edges, curves, and corners of ground plan of 3D building model on a certain LoD. Algorithms for simplification with the aim to derive LoD1 from exterior shells of buildings at LoD3 are implemented and tested on a number of buildings of Putrajaya city. The experiments showed that length of edge as threshold value is directly proportional to the size of generalized models.
Valves with flow control by synthetic jets (2012)

Synthetic jets are currently in the focus of attention as means for flow control in external aerodynamics. Less known and studied is their use in internal aerodynamics, where several existing papers discussed separation control in diffusers. The subject of this paper, however, is a completely new idea — using the synthetic jet in flow control valves having no moving components. The valve considered would operate as a bistable diverter: by the action of the synthetic jet, the controlled fluid is deflected into one of available two flowpaths. A preliminary experiment performed with an axisymmetric valve version demonstrated viability of the idea.
Ethinyl Oestradiol and D‐Norgestrel is an Effective Emergency Postcoital Contraceptive: A Report of its Use in 1,200 Patients in a Family Planning Clinic (1988)

We describe a prospective study of 1,200 patients using the Yuzpe regimen of hormonal postcoital contraception. There was an 85% follow-up rate, and of the 1,015 patients followed there were 13 pregnancies, giving a pregnancy rate of 1.3%. The number of expected pregnancies at mid-cycle was reduced by 83%; 12 of the 13 pregnancies went on to abortion. The patients were young: 86% were under 25, and 10% were under 15. The most frequent reason for presentation was that no contraception had been used (57%). All patients received an antiemetic; 57% experienced no side-effects, 28% had some nausea and 9.6% some vomiting. It is concluded that this is a safe form of emergency contraception, which is an effective way of reducing the number of unwanted pregnancies, especially in the very young.
Effects of pretreatment reagents on the hydrolysis and physical properties of PET fabrics (2009)

Abstract The effects of pretreatment reagents on the hydrolysis and physical properties of PET fabrics were investigated under various alkaline hydrolysis treatment and pretreatment conditions. Before alkaline hydrolysis, solvent treatment with pretreatment reagents, including benzyl alcohol (PET‐b) or 2‐phenyl ethanol (PET‐p), modified the structure of the PET fabric, thus affecting the hydrolysis and physical properties of the PET fabrics. Fabric weight loss increased with increasing hydrolysis time. The rate constant ( k ) increased markedly with increasing methyl groups in the pretreatment reagents. The activation energy ( E a ) of untreated fabrics was higher than those of the treated fabrics. The crystallinity of the PET fabrics increased with increasing hydrolysis times ( t ) and methyl groups in the pretreatment reagents. The weight loss of PET‐b increased with increasing pretreatment temperature ( T ). However, the weight loss of PET‐p increased up to 100°C but decreased above 120°C. The shrinkage of all samples increased with increasing hydrolysis times ( t ). Shrinkage of PET‐b and PET‐p was greater than that of untreated fabrics. PET‐b displayed greater shrinkage than PET‐p because byproducts polluted the PET fibers. Both the initial and maximum water absorption of the fabrics increased with increasing hydrolysis times ( t ). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Nuclear organization in differentiating oligodendrocytes (2002)

Many studies have suggested that the 3D organization of chromatin and proteins within the nucleus contributes to the regulation of gene expression. We tested multiple aspects of this nuclear organization model within a primary cell culture system. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells were examined to facilitate analysis of nuclear organization relative to a highly expressed tissue-specific gene, proteolipid protein (PLP), which exhibits transcriptional upregulation during differentiation from the immature progenitor stage to the mature oligodendrocyte stage. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells were isolated from brains of neonatal male rodents, and differentiation from oligodendrocyte progenitors to mature oligodendrocytes was controlled with culture conditions. Genomic in situ hybridization was used to detect the single copy of the X-linked PLP gene within each interphase nucleus. The PLP gene was not randomly distributed within the nucleus, but was consistently associated with the nuclear periphery in both progenitors and differentiated oligodendrocytes. PLP and a second simultaneously upregulated gene, the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene, were spatially separated in both progenitors and differentiated oligodendrocytes. Increased transcriptional activity of the PLP gene in differentiated oligodendrocytes corresponded with local accumulation of SC35 splicing factors. Differentiation did not alter the frequency of association of the PLP gene with domains of myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1), which binds the PLP promoter. In addition to our specific findings related to the PLP gene, these data obtained from primary oligodendrocyte lineage cells support a nuclear organization model in which (1). nuclear proteins and genes can exhibit specific patterns of distribution within nuclei, and (2). activation of tissue-specific genes is associated with changes in local protein distribution rather than spatial clustering of coordinately regulated genes. This nuclear organization may be critical for complex nucleic-acid-protein interactions controlling normal cell development, and may be an important factor in aberrant regulation of cell differentiation and gene expression in transformed cells.