gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape-selective oxidation of alkanes with H2O2 catalysed by titanosilicate (1990)

Shape-selective oxidation of alkanes with H2O2 is catalysed by pentasil zeolite titanosilicate; the rates for oxidation of linear alkanes are much higher than those of branched and cyclic alkanes.
Beyond SmartNICs: Towards a Fully Programmable Cloud (2018)

FPGA-based SmartNICs and programmable switches have been recently introduced to leverage hardware acceleration and custom pipelines inside the cloud infrastructure. These devices are capable of handling the per-packet processing needs at line rate, including load balancing, encapsulation, congestion management, and security. We argue, however, that the benefits provided by these new devices could extend beyond software-defined networking use cases and they prompt a shift towards a fully programmable cloud, which would enable hardware-software co-design across all layers, ranging from application to hardware and networks. In this paper, we focus on the potential of FPGA-based SmartNICs and programmable switches to realize this vision and illustrate some of the research challenges that need to be addressed to fully unleash its benefits.
Hybrid Molecular Probe for Nucleic Acid Analysis in Biological Samples (2006)

The ability to detect changes in gene expression, especially in real-time and with sensitivity sufficient enough to monitor small variations in a single-cell, will have considerable value in biomedical research and applications. Out of the many available molecular probes for intracellular monitoring of nucleic acids, molecular beacon (MB) is the most frequently used probe with the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity. However, any processes in which the MB stem-loop structure is broken will result in a restoration of the fluorescence in MB. This brings in a few possibilities for false positive signal such as nuclease degradation, protein binding, thermodynamic fluctuation, solution composition variations (such as pH, salt concentration) and sticky-end pairing. These unwanted processes do exist inside living cells, making nucleic acid monitoring inside living cells difficult. We have designed and synthesized a hybrid molecular probe (HMP) for intracellular nucleic acid monitoring to overcome these problems. HMP has two DNA probes, one labeled with a donor and the other an acceptor. The two DNA probes are linked by a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker, with each DNA being complementary to adjacent areas of a target sequence. Target binding event brings the donor and acceptor in proximity, resulting in quenching of the donor fluorescence and enhancement of the acceptor emission. The newly designed HMP has high sensitivity, selectivity, and fast hybridization kinetics. The probe is easy to design and synthesize. HMP does not generate any false positive signal upon digestion by nuclease, binding by proteins, forming complexes by sticky-end pairing, or by other molecular interaction processes. HMP is capable of selectively detecting nucleic acid targets from cellular samples.
Shear Induced Demixing and Rheological Behavior of Aqueous Solutions of Poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide) (2003)

Abstract The interrelation between the phase separation behavior and the rheological performance of aqueous solutions of high molecular weight ( M w = 1 600 kg/mol) poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) was investigated. The system demixes upon heating and the cloud point temperature, T cp decreases steadily with rising polymer concentration up to 10 wt.‐%. The application of shear supports phase separation and reduces T cp markedly. This observation is interpreted in terms of destruction of intersegmental clusters formed in the quiescent state owing to favorable interactions. Intrinsic viscosities and Huggins coefficients as well as the viscosities, η at higher polymer concentrations are closely connected with the thermodynamic conditions. [ η ] decreases by almost two orders of magnitude upon heating, whereas the corresponding increase of k H is less pronounced. The η values (constant shear rate) of the moderately concentrated solutions as function of T pass a maximum at the corresponding phase separation temperatures. The existence of clusters also manifests in terms of stress overshoot and of particularities observed with solutions that are sheared for the first time. Transmittance (ratio of intensities of the transmitted light and the incidence light) of a 2.0 wt.‐% PNIPAm solution in water as a function of temperature at different shear rates indicated. Heating rate is 0.22 °C/min. image Transmittance (ratio of intensities of the transmitted light and the incidence light) of a 2.0 wt.‐% PNIPAm solution in water as a function of temperature at different shear rates indicated. Heating rate is 0.22 °C/min.
US Army Institute of Surgical Research Annual Research Progress Report for Fiscal Year 1986 (1987)

Abstract : Partial Contents: Clinical Operation, Center for Treatment of Burned Patients; Effect of Nutritional Support on Immune Function in Patients with Thermal Injury - A Component Study; Five percent Aqueous Sulfamylon-Soaks Used in Topical Treatment of Burned Patients; Studies of the Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Burn Injury; The Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment on the Rate of Healing on Burn Patients Who Require Skin Grafting; Effect of Clotrimazole on the Prevention of Fungal Colonization and Infection in Thermally Injured Patients; Determination of Vecuronium Bromide Requirements in the Thermally Injured Patient; Short-Term Anabolic Effects of Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Thermally Injured Patients; Evaluation of In Vitro Cultivated Keratinocytes as Epithelial Autografts for the Closure of Burn Wounds; A Clinical Study of the Efficacy of a Polyetherurethane Membrane Dressing (Eurothane) in the Treatment of Skin Graft Donor Sites; Investigation of the Importance of Alternations in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Burn Patients; A Comprehensive Analysis of the Perceived Needs of Families of Critically Injured Burned Patients; Effect of Sucralfate on Prevention of Stress Ulcers and Nosocomial Pneumonia in Thermally Injured Patients.
Two-dimensional metal-semiconductor field effect transistor for ultra low power circuit applications (1994)

We describe a novel 2-dimensional metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (2-D MESFET) in which opposing Schottky side gates formed on the sidewall of a modulation-doped AlGaAs-InGaAs heterostructure modulate the channel width and the drain current. The drain current ranged from 0 to 210 μA and the maximum measured transconductance was 212 μS (212 mS/mm) at room temperature for a 1×1 micron channel. The threshold voltage was -0.45 V and the subthreshold ideality factor was 1.30. The estimated gate capacitance was 0.8 fF/μm, or about half the equivalent capacitance of conventional HFET's. The cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> was estimated to be 21 GHz. The narrow channel effect, which limits the minimum power consumption in conventional FET's, is practically eliminated in this device.
Personalized Persuasion for Social Interactions in Nursing Homes (2016)

This paper presents our preliminary investigation and approach towards a mixed physical-virtual technology for stimulating social interactions among and with older adults in nursing homes. We report on set of surveys, apps and focus groups aiming at understanding the different motivations and obstacles in promoting social interactions in institutionalised care. We then present our approach to address some of the key themes found, e.g., the technological disparity, lack of conversation topics and opportunities to interact
SmartColor: Real-time color correction and contrast for optical see-through head-mounted displays (2014)

Users of optical see-through head-mounted displays (OHMD) perceive color as a blend of the display color and the background. Color-blending is a major usability challenge as it leads to loss of color encodings and poor text legibility. Color correction aims at mitigating color blending by producing an alternative color which, when blended with the background, more closely approaches the color originally intended. To date, approaches to color correction do not yield optimal results or do not work in real-time. This paper makes two contributions. First, we present QuickCorrection, a realtime color correction algorithm based on display profiles. We describe the algorithm, measure its accuracy and analyze two implementations for the OpenGL graphics pipeline. Second, we present SmartColor, a middleware for color management of userinterface components in OHMD. SmartColor uses color correction to provide three management strategies: correction, contrast, and show-up-on-contrast. Correction determines the alternate color which best preserves the original color. Contrast determines the color which best warranties text legibility while preserving as much of the original hue. Show-up-on-contrast makes a component visible when a related component does not have enough contrast to be legible. We describe the SmartColor's architecture and illustrate the color strategies for various types of display content.
Is computing at a tipping point? A personal prespective: Friday plenary session (2010)

Over the last 60+ years computing, communications, and information, originally emerging from disparate disciplines, have evolved into an unimagined set of capabilities influencing, directly or indirectly, nearly every person, every institution, and every endeavor in much of the world. These capabilities form a global infrastructure for a world where time and place are often irrelevant, access to information is instantaneous, and knowledge widely shared.
Response of advanced bipolar processes to ionizing radiation (1991)

Ionizing radiation induced gain degradation in microcircuit bipolar polysilicon and crystalline emitter transistors is investigated. In this work, /sup 60/Co irradiation testing was performed on bipolar test structures. The effects of collector bias, dose rate, and anneal temperature are discussed. Major differences in the radiation response of polysilicon emitter transistors are demonstrated as a function of dose rate. The worst-case gain degradation occurs at the lowest dose rate complicating hardness assurance testing procedures. The dose rate and anneal data suggest that MIL-STD-883B Test Method 1019.4 is non-conservative for polysilicon emitter transistors, which show enhanced radiation hardness over the crystalline emitter transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphorylation-Dependent Interaction of SATB1 and PIAS1 Directs SUMO-Regulated Caspase Cleavage of SATB1 (2010)

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a tissue-restricted genome organizer that provides a key link between DNA loop organization, chromatin modification/remodeling, and transcription factor association at matrix attachment regions (MARs). The SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1 enhances SUMO conjugation to SATB1 lysine-744, and this modification regulates caspase-6 mediated cleavage of SATB1 at promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs). Since this regulated caspase cleavage occurs on only a subset of SATB1, and the products are relatively stable, proteolysis likely mediates cellular processes other than programmed cell death. However, the mechanism for the spatial and temporal regulation of SATB1 sumoylation and caspase cleavage is not known. Here we report that these processes are controlled by SATB1 phosphorylation; specifically, PIAS1 interaction with SATB1 is inhibited by phosphorylation. Mutagenesis studies identified interaction of the PIAS SAP (scaffold attachment factor-A/B/acinus/PIAS) motif with SATB1 N-terminal sequences. Notably, phosphorylation of SATB1 at threonine-188 regulates its interaction with PIAS1. Sequences near this phosphorylation site, LXXLL (residues 193 to 197), appear to be conserved among a subset of SUMO substrate proteins. Thus, this motif may be commonly involved in interaction with the PIAS SAP, and phosphorylation may similarly inhibit some of these substrates by preventing their interaction with the ligase.
Kernel fusion for better image deblurring (2015)

Kernel estimation for image deblurring is a challenging task and a large number of algorithms have been developed. Our hypothesis is that while individual kernels estimated using different methods alone are sometimes inadequate, they often complement each other. This paper addresses the problem of fusing multiple kernels estimated using different methods into a more accurate one that can better support image deblurring than each individual kernel. In this paper, we develop a data-driven approach to kernel fusion that learns how each kernel contributes to the final kernel and how they interact with each other. We discuss various kernel fusion models and find that kernel fusion using Gaussian Conditional Random Fields performs best. This Gaussian Conditional Random Fields-based kernel fusion method not only models how individual kernels are fused at each kernel element but also the interaction of kernel fusion among multiple kernel elements. Our experiments show that our method can significantly improve image deblurring by combining kernels from multiple methods into a better one.
Turn-on fluorescent cyanide sensor based on copper ion-modified CdTe quantum dots (2008)

A new fluorescent sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of cyanide (CN(-)) in aqueous media was developed herein. The sensing approach is based on CN(-)-modulated quenching behavior of Cu(2+) toward the photoluminescence (PL) of CdTe quantum dots (QDs). In the presence of CN(-), the PL of QDs that have been quenched by Cu(2+) was found to be efficiently recovered, which then allows the detection of CN(-) in a very simple approach. Experimental results showed that the pH of the buffer solution, concentration of copper ions, and size of CdTe QDs all influenced the response of the sensor to CN(-). Under the optimal conditions, a good linear relationship between the PL intensity and the concentration of CN(-) can be obtained in the range of 3.0 x 10(-7) to 1.2 x 10(-5) M, with a detection limit as low as 1.5 x 10(-7) M. In addition, the present fluorescent sensor possesses remarkable selectivity for cyanide over other anions, and negligible influences were observed on the cyanide detection by the coexistence of other anions or biological species (such as albumin and typical blood constituents). Therefore, we expect the proposed copper ion-modified QDs to be an efficient and reliable sensing system to monitor cyanide concentration in environmental or clinical applications.
Involvement of nitric oxide system in experimental muscle crush injury. (1998)

Muscle crush injury is often complicated by hemodynamic shock, electrolyte disorders, and myoglobinuric renal failure. In this study, we examined the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) system in the development of muscle damage in an experimental model of crush injury induced by exertion of standardized mechanical pressure on tibialis muscle of rat. The intact limb served as a control. Four days after injury, the crushed muscle was characterized by extreme capillary vasodilatation as demonstrated by histological morphometric analysis. These changes were accompanied by muscle hyperperfusion as evaluated by measurements of femoral blood flow (ultrasonic flowmetry) and capillary blood flow (laser-doppler flowmetry). Treatment with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, largely decreased the hyperperfusion. Furthermore, the expression of the different NOS isoforms, assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and immunoreactive levels, determined by Western blot, revealed a remarkable induction of the inducible NOS in the crushed limb. Similarly, endothelial NOS mRNA increased gradually after the induction of muscle damage. In contrast, the major muscular NOS, i.e., neuronal isoform remained unchanged. In line with the alterations in the mRNA levels, Western blot analysis revealed parallel changes in the immunoreactive levels of the various NOS. These findings indicate that muscle crush is associated with activation of the NO system mainly due to enhancement of iNOS. This may contribute to NO-dependent extreme vasodilatation in the injured muscle and aggravate the hypovolemic shock after crush injury.
A Non-Contacting Tunable Waveguide Backshort for Terahertz Applications (2006)

A non-contacting tunable backshort for terahertz applications is presented. In addition to improving the coupling between terahertz rectangular waveguide and planar microstrip feed structures, the new design addresses issues associated with the strict fabrication tolerance required for fixed backshorts operating at submillimeter wavelengths. The proposed backshort structure consists of periodic conducting patches supported by a dielectric substrate and its planar configuration is amenable to fabrication using standard photolithographic processing. Simulation results are presented for a 1.6 THz design and a scaled model of the backshort operating at V-band (50-75 GHz) is demonstrated and characterized to verify its operation
Multistage multiuser detection for CDMA with space-time coding (2002)

The combination of turbo codes and space-time block codes is studied for use in CDMA systems. Each user's data are first encoded by a turbo code. The turbo coded data are next sent to a space-time block encoder which employs a BPSK constellation. The space-time encoder output symbols are transmitted through the fading channel using multiple antennas. A multistage receiver is proposed using nonlinear MMSE estimation and a parallel interference cancellation scheme. Simulations show that with reasonable levels of multiple access interference (p/spl les/0.3), near single user performance is achieved. The receiver structure is generalized to decode CDMA signals with space-time convolutional coding and similar performance is observed.
Design of Porous Polymeric Materials from Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs):  Poly(<scp>dl</scp>-lactide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Semi-IPN Systems (2005)

Oligoester-containing semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) can be effectively used as precursors for the generation of (meso)porous networks with tunable pore sizes. In a first step, novel poly(dl-lactide) (PLA)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based semi-IPNs were prepared by varying two structural parameters, namely the cross-link density of PMMA subnetwork (initial MMA/dimethacrylate composition ranging from 99/1 to 90/10 mol %) and the cross-linker nature (bisphenol A dimethacrylate, diurethane dimethacrylate). The kinetics of the free-radical cross-linking process was monitored by real-time near-infrared spectroscopy. In a second step, the extraction of the un-cross-linked oligoester subchains from the semi-IPNs was investigated. The possibilities afforded by this straightforward and versatile route to (meso)porous polymeric materials were discussed, and the porosity of the resulting methacrylic networks was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermoporometry using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dependence of pore sizes and pore size distributions on the cross-linker content and nature could be related to turbidity measurements of semi-IPN precursors and explained in terms of polymer−polymer miscibility through the evaluation of PLA/PMMA interaction parameters.
Formal Verification of Galois Field Multipliers Using Computer Algebra Techniques (2012)

Finite (Galois) field arithmetic finds applications in cryptography, error correction codes, signal processing, etc. Multiplication usually lies at the core of all Galois field computations and is a high-complexity operation. This paper addresses the problem of formal verification of hardware implementations of modulo-multipliers over Galois fields of the type F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> k, using a computer-algebra/algebraic-geometry based approach. The multiplier circuit is modeled as a polynomial system in F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> k[x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ,x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ,⋯,x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ] and the verification test is formulated as a Nullstellensatz proof over the finite field. A Grobner basis engine is used as the underlying computational framework. The efficiency of Grobner basis computations depends heavily upon the variable (and term) ordering used to represent and manipulate the polynomials. We present a variable (and term) ordering heuristic that significantly improves the efficiency of Grobner basis engines. Using our approach, we can verify the correctness of up to 96-bit multipliers, whereas contemporary BDDs/SAT/SMT-solver based methods are infeasible.
InterDataNet: Interoperability Framework to Support Collaborative Creation and Management of Official Documents in e-Government Processes (2008)

At present e-Government procedures for creation and management of official documents pose specific problems with collaborative information authoring, data distribution and storage, use of a unique name for resource addressing, attribution of the entity responsible for the documents. Many benefits can be obtained through the informatization of the procedures. To this end we propose InterDataNet (IDN) as a distributed framework that can solve many of the issues present in e-Government contexts through collaborative information management, data distribution and storage, workflow processes. To evaluate the IDN approach validity, in this paper we describe the hypothetical scenario related to the management of Italian administrative acts.
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Bird of a Different Feather (1999)

The distinctiveness of B-CLL B cells explains why B-CLL is different from other B-cell tumors and accounts for the development of immune deficiency and autoimmunity.
On the optimum recovery of distributed programs (2002)

In a previous paper (1992) the authors have presented a checkpointing algorithm for distributed applications. That algorithm is based on a non-blocking coordinated global checkpoint of the distributed program. However, the associated rollback algorithm does not provide the best results, since in most cases it forces the rollback of all the processes. This paper presents two algorithms for roll-back-recovery that minimize the number of processes which need to roll back. One of the algorithms is oriented to systems that use message logging, while the other is more general and can be used in those systems that only rely an a coordinated checkpoint and do not log messages. We will show that our proposal achieves the optimum results In the minimization of the number of processes that have to roll back.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>