gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Feature Extracting Ability for Cutting State Monitoring Using Deep Belief Networks (2015)

Information extracting method from numerous measured signals is a critical technique for intelligent manufacturing application to further reduce the manpower cost and improve the productivity and workpiece quality. Manually defining signal features,as the common way, unfortunately will lose most of the information and the performance can’t be guaranteed. In the past few years, machine learning method with deep structure has been the most promising automatic feature extracting method which has made great breakthrough in computer vision and automatic speech recognition. In this paper, deep belief networksareemployed using vibration signal obtained from endmilling to build feature space for cutting states monitoring. Greedy layer-wise strategy is adopted to pre-train the network and standard samples are used for fine-tuning by applying back-propagation method. Comparisons are made with several manually defined features both in time and frequency domain, like MFCC and wavelet method. Different modeling methods are also employed in the research forcomparisons. Resultsshow that the deep learning method has similar ability to characterize the signal for cutting states monitoring compared to those manually defined features. And the modeling accuracy ismuch better thanother traditionalmodeling methods.Furthermore, benefitting fromthe potentialcapability in information fusion, deep learning method would be a promising solution for more complex applications, like tool wear monitoring, machining surface prediction et al.
A System For High Resolution Ultrasonic Breast Imaging (2005)

The formation of high resolution ultrasonic breast images will require the use of two dimensional phased arrays with phase compensation for aberrating tissue layers in both dimensions. An analysis of the characteristies of two-dimensional spatial aberrators and the performance of phase correction algorithms indicates that a large number of phased array elements will be required for high resolution imaging. We have designed and performed simulations of a synthetic receive aperture system of a simple design which can be used to address a large number of phased array channels with a relatively small number of parallel receive channels. INTRODUCTION The potential image quality of ultrasonic imaging systems is not achieved in most clinical applications as a result of the degradation caused by tissueinduced phase errors. These aberrations, caused by spatial variations in the acoustic velocity of tissue, limit the dynamic range and resolution of ultrasonic images and are especially severe in systems using high ultrasonic frequencies and/or large imaging apertures. Several techniques for correcting these errors in phased array imaging systems have been proposed by ourselves (1, 2) and others (3, 4). To date successful clinical implementations using these techniques have not been reported. The efforts thus far have utilized one-dimensional phased arrays.
Immunogenicity of a Purified Fragment of 170 Yellow Fever Envelope Protein (1990)

Information on the immunogenic properties of purified flavivirus proteins may be useful in the development of recombinant or synthetic peptide vaccines. Using a monoclonal antibody, an attempt was made to purify the envelope (E) protein of 17D yellow fever virus (17D YF) by affinity chromatography. The purified material could not be identified as intact E protein but it did bear antigenic determinants of E as determined by selective reactivity with anti-E monoclonal antibodies. Rabbits immunized with this material produced antibodies that neutralized 17D YF and dengue-2 viruses in comparable titers, indicating that cross-reactive antigenic determinants were preserved. Immunization of mice resulted in protection against intracerebral challenge with 17D YF.
Impaired expression and functional activity of the beta 3- and beta 1-adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue of congenitally obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice. (1994)

Adipocytes from genetically obese (ob/ob) mice display an impaired response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, but the molecular defects have not been unequivocally identified. The expression and functional activity of the beta 1-, beta 2-, and beta 3-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in white and brown adipose tissue from genetically lean and obese (ob/ob) mice were compared. Three beta 3AR transcripts of 2.1, 2.6, and 3.5 kilobases were identified in adipose tissue from lean mice by Northern blotting. All three beta 3AR mRNA species were dramatically reduced (by approximately 300-fold) in 12-week-old obese mice compared to those in lean animals. beta 1AR mRNA levels were also reduced (by approximately 4-fold) in obese mice, whereas beta 2AR mRNA levels were not significantly changed. The functional consequences of these changes in beta 3AR and beta 1AR expression were assessed by measuring beta-agonist-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in adipocyte plasma membranes with subtype-selective beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Dose-response curves with epinephrine from lean mice were best fit to a two-component model comprised of 23% high affinity (K(act) = 1.42 x 10(-7) M) and 77% low affinity (K(act) = 1.67 x 10(-5) M) components, corresponding to activation of beta 1AR and beta 2AR conjointly, and beta 3AR, respectively. The beta 1AR-selective antagonist CGP20712A reduced the high affinity component to about 10%, whereas the nonselective beta-antagonist propranolol eliminated the high affinity component. The beta 3AR-selective agonist BRL37344 stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in lean membranes to a slightly lesser extent than epinephrine, but was more potent (73% high affinity component; K(act) = 3.61 x 10(-8) M). In obese mice, stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by all agonists was severely blunted and was best fit to a single class of sites. Studies with CGP20712A or the beta 2AR-selective antagonist ICI118,551 indicated that this residual response was predominantly beta 2AR in character. Expression of beta AR subtypes in both brown and white adipose tissue of weanling obese mice (4-5-weeks of age) was also affected, but to a lesser extent, consistent with the progressive severity of obesity with age. Together the reduction in expression of the beta 3AR and beta 1AR impairs the beta-agonist-stimulated adenylyl cyclase response over a broad concentration range by greatly lowering the maximum stimulation and shifting the adrenergic sensitivity at low concentrations from a mixed beta 1AR/beta 2AR response to predominantly beta 2AR.
Recent Concepts of Premature Ejaculation (2008)

Premature ejaculation(PE) is the most prevalent male sexual complaint, yet it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic spinal centers, under the influence of sensory genital and cerebral stimuli integrated and processed at the spinal cord level, act in synergy to command physiologic events occurring during ejaculation. Experimental evidence indicates that serotonin(5-HT), throughout brain descending pathways, exerts an inhibitory role on ejaculation and pharmacologic manipulation of the serotonergic system has been performed in rats, with the antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) exhibiting the greatest efficacy in delaying ejaculation. Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies of drug treatment of PE have been published. A meta-analysis of those studies demonstrated similar efficacies for daily treatment with the serotonergic antidepressants paroxetine hemihydrate, clomipramine, sertraline and fluoxetine, with paroxetine(hydrochloride) hemihydrate exerting the strongest effect on ejaculation. On the basis of fundamental insights into serotonergic neurotransmission, it has been suggested that on-demand selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) treatment will not lead to similarly impressive delays in ejaculation as has been observed with daily SSRI treatment. Apart from daily treatment with SSRIs, PE can be delayed by on-demand use of topical anaesthetics. Treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may be used if PE is accompanied by erectile difficulties.
Power Trends in Communication Networks (2010)

Power trends in communication networks are analyzed using a transaction-based model. Traffic models are developed for North America and used to evaluate the relative power trends of wireline networks and mobile networks through 2020. An ideal case for aggressive network-efficiency improvement measures is evaluated within this framework and shown to lead to roughly unchanged consumption over the next decade. Implications for future technology requirements are discussed.
Modular refinement of hierarchic reactive machines (2000)

Scalable formal analysis of reactive programs demands integration of modular reasoning techniques with existing analysis tools. Principles such as abstraction, compositional refinement, and assume-guarantee reasoning are well understood for architectural hierarchy that describes the communication structure between component processes, and have been shown to be useful. In this paper, we develop the theory of modular reasoning for behavior hierarchy that describes control structure using hierarchic modes. From STATECHARTS to UML, behavior hierarchy has been an integral component of many software design languages, but only syntactically. We present the hierarchic reactive modules language that retains powerful features such as nested modes, mode reuse, exceptions, group transitions, history, and conjunctive modes, and yet has a semantic notion of mode hierarchy. We present an observational trace semantics for modes that provides the basis for mode refinement. We show the refinement to be compositional with respect to the mode constructors, and develop an assume-guarantee reasoning principle.
Comparison Between <sup>201</sup> Tl and <sup>99m</sup> Tc Sestamibi Uptake During Adenosine-Induced Vasodilation as a Function of Coronary Stenosis Severity (1995)

Thus, with adenosine-induced hyperemic flow, both 201Tl and sestamibi significantly underestimated the magnitude of the flow disparity between stenotic and normal perfusion beds. The degree of underestimation was greater for sestamibi. The clinical implication of these experimental findings for vasodilator perfusion imaging remains to be determined, since factors such as greater redistribution and scatter with 201Tl could offset its advantages.
HETEROGENEOUS ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION (2009)

Abstract. The problem of multi-class classification is explored using heterogeneous ensemble classifiers. Heterogeneous ensembles classifiers are defined as ensembles, or sets, of classifier models created using more than one type of classification algorithm. For example, the outputs of decision tree classifiers could be combined with the outputs of support vector machines (SVM) to create a heterogeneous ensemble. We explore how, when, and why heterogeneous ensembles should be used over other classification methods. Specifically we look into the use of bagging and different fusion methods for heterogeneous and homogeneous ensembles. We also introduce the Hemlock framework, a software tool for creating and testing heterogeneous ensembles.
Pharmacogenetics: a possible pragmatic perspective in neoplasm predictability. (1978)

I N THE OTHER ARTICLES in this issue, little attention has been focused on the role of environmental factors in the etiology of cancer. Perhaps this is not surprising, given the nature of this issue and given that, in the geneticist’s traditional dichotomy, the environment is the antithesis of heredity. However, since it has been estimated that environmental agents may be responsible for 80% of human neoplasms,’ examination of the potential interface between the environment and inherited characteristics is in order. Although such mechanisms operant in man still await definitive characterization, it will become evident in this article that the metabolic potentiation of chemical carcinogens represents one of the best-understood phenomena operating at the gene-environment interface in mammals. Whereas the term “pharmacogenetics” usually brings to mind well-established disorders having as their basis recognized protein polymorphisms or discrete mutations, we have come to learn in recent years, largely through the efforts of Vesell,’ Evans,3s4 Motulsky,5 and others, that a great deal of the interindividual variation in drug metabolism in man is under genetic control. Population studies suggest that these differences in drug metabolism are often multifactorial, and thus in all likelihood polygenic. One of the major drug-metabolizing enzyme systems, the microsomal cytochrome P-4.50-dependent monooxygenases, is responsible for the metabolism of a great variety of hydrophobic substances,6-10 including many environmental carcinogens. We shall begin this article by examining the role of this system in the metabolism of certain chemical carcinogens and other xenobiotics; evidence is presented that such biotransformations, while facilitating excretion, may simultaneously potentiate carcinogenicity and toxicity. We shall then consider the genetic regulation of cytochrome P-450 induction by carcinogens and related compounds. Lastly, evidence will be presented that heritable
Clinical Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia (1997)

Stroke: Prevalence and Mechanisms of Cell Death Gert J. Ter Horst and Antonio Postigo. Imaging of Stroke Henk Stevens Hugo M. L. Jansen Jacques DeReuck and Jakob Korf. Clinical Aspects of Stroke and Therapeutic Strategies Keith W. Muir Elkan Gamzu and Kennedy R. Lees. Calcium Homeostasis Nimodipine and Stroke Paul G. M. Luiten Bauke Stuiver Gineke I. de Jong Csaba Nyakas and Jacques H. A. De Keyser. Glutamate Neurotoxicity and Stroke Tihomir P. Obrenovitch. Glycine Antagonists for Treatment of Ischemic Brain Injury Midori A. Yenari David C. Tong and Gregory W. Albers. Free Radical-Mediated Cerebral Damage After Hypoxia/Ischemia and Stroke Tomohiro Matsuyama. Genomic Responses Following Cerebral Ischemia Christoph Wiessner and Konstantin-Alexander Hossmann. Hormonal Modulators of Cerebral Ischemia Laura J. McIntosh and Robert M. Sapolsky. Inflammatory Responses to Cerebral Ischemia: Implications for Stroke Treatment John Sharkey John S. Kelly and Steven P. Butcher. Animal Models Used in Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke Research Akira Tamura Kensuke Kawai and Kiyoshi Takagi. Index.
rf planar magnetron sputtering and characterization of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films (1983)

Ferroelectric films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) have been fabricated by rf planar magnetron sputtering. Films having a resistivity &gt;106 Ω cm and a dielectric constant &gt;800 at 300 K have been achieved using 100% oxygen as a sputtering medium, 10% excess PbO added to the target, and appropriate post-deposition annealing. The sputtering rate is in the range 0.2–1.0 μm/h and varies with sputtering pressure and substrate temperature. Post-deposition annealing affects both crystallinity and grain size, but incipient crystallization formed only in as-grown films deposited at substrate temperatures &gt;400 °C is essential for this process to be effective. A clear ferroelectric transition is observed at 350 °C, while the activation energy for dc conductivity of around 0.8 eV is consistent with bulk properties of PZT. The spontaneous polarization and coercive field measured from ferroelectric hysteresis loops is 20.75 μC/cm2 and 10 kV/cm, respectively. The optical transmittance of the films is determined by a Pb–Pb charge transfer band near 400 nm and this is a sensitive test of film stoichiometry.
Pupil perimetry Editorial review (1992)

The pupillomotor and visual sensitivity were compared at the same 76 points across the 30 degrees field. The timing and amplitude of pupillary contractions to focal light stimuli were recorded using a computerized infrared pupillometer linked to a Humphrey automated perimeter. Pupil perimetry and standard threshold perimetry showed matching defects in the visual field of patients with ischemic and compressive optic neuropathy, but not in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients with isolated occipital strokes showed matching homonymous visual and pupillary fields, suggesting a suprageniculate influence upon the pupillary light reflex. Pupil perimetry is a useful objective form of perimetry and can be used to compare the effect of disease on the visual and pupillary pathways.
Expansion of banana (<i>Musa acuminata</i>) gene families involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling after lineage‐specific whole‐genome duplications (2014)

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are widespread in plants, and three lineage-specific WGDs occurred in the banana (Musa acuminata) genome. Here, we analysed the impact of WGDs on the evolution of banana gene families involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, a key pathway for banana fruit ripening. Banana ethylene pathway genes were identified using comparative genomics approaches and their duplication modes and expression profiles were analysed. Seven out of 10 banana ethylene gene families evolved through WGD and four of them (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), ethylene-insensitive 3-like (EIL), ethylene-insensitive 3-binding F-box (EBF) and ethylene response factor (ERF)) were preferentially retained. Banana orthologues of AtEIN3 and AtEIL1, two major genes for ethylene signalling in Arabidopsis, were particularly expanded. This expansion was paralleled by that of EBF genes which are responsible for control of EIL protein levels. Gene expression profiles in banana fruits suggested functional redundancy for several MaEBF and MaEIL genes derived from WGD and subfunctionalization for some of them. We propose that EIL and EBF genes were co-retained after WGD in banana to maintain balanced control of EIL protein levels and thus avoid detrimental effects of constitutive ethylene signalling. In the course of evolution, subfunctionalization was favoured to promote finer control of ethylene signalling.
FutureHome: An integrated construction automation approach (2002)

This article presents the results of the FutureHome project, the first global project in the construction industry that introduces the ICA concept. The design, planning, and onsite robotization stages of house-building construction have been presented. The main advantage introduced by FutureHome is the integration of the three stages under common data and concept. The article focuses on the architectural design of residential houses and office buildings by using prefabricated modules. The design takes into account the prefabrication and onsite assembly. For efficient construction, a global planning strategy has been developed that integrates the prefabrication, transportation, and onsite processes. Finally, the robotized crane for the assembly of big 3-D modules with small tolerances is presented. The control strategy for adequate assembly with the reduction of positioning errors, rotation errors, and swinging of the modules, has been developed and tested.
Identification of autoantibodies elicited in a patient with prostate cancer presenting as dermatomyositis (2006)

Our results demonstrate that this patient with prostate cancer presenting as dermatomyositis had autoantibodies to specific proteins, possibly associated with his autoimmune myopathy. Moreover, given this patient's history and the multiple treatment options for prostate cancer, the identification of dermatomyositis in men should prompt an evaluation to exclude a concurrent diagnosis of prostate cancer.
The Wright Flyer : an engineering perspective (1987)

Keywords: historique ; simulation ; conception ; structures Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Robust Control of Engine Test Bed for Vehicle Motion Simulation. (2001)

In order to evaluate performances of an engine that is developed, there is a way that a certain vehicle model constructed on a computer is virtually performed by using a low-inertia dynamo. This way does not need any devices of the actual vehicle except for the engine. This paper shows the control method of the low-inertia dynamo connected to the engine through a hydraulic damper and a steel shaft so as to generate the torque according to the vehicle model simulation. Since the hydraulic damper used to absorb the impulsive torque from the engine has nonlinear property of variation of its torsional rigidity, we apply μ-synthesis by using of structured singular value. Variation of the torsional rigidity can be dealt with as structured uncertainty. By simulations and experiments it is verified that μ controller designed is more effective for the plant with variation of parameter than H∞ controller.
The Knoevenagel Reactions of Aldehydes with Carboxy Compounds. I. Reactions of <i>p</i>-Nitrobenzaldehyde with Active Methine Compounds (1988)

Abstract The Knoevenagel reactions of p-nitrobenzaldehyde (1) with β-keto acids, methylmalonic (2a) and α-methylacetoacetic acids (2b) were carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine such as pyridine. We have isolated the corresponding β-hydroxy intermediate (3a) by the reaction of 2a which positively suggested the reaction proceeded by the Hann and Lapworth mechanism. A kinetic study using 1H NMR revealed the existence of the reversibility between the starting materials and the β-hydroxy intermediate and that the rate determining step was decarboxylattion. But, when using the secondary amine, both the β-hydroxy acid and the corresponding condensation product were obtained via this reaction. These findings led to the conclusion that the reaction proceeded according to the two competing mechanisms, i.e., the Hann and Lapworth and Knoevenagel mechanisms. It was further clarified that either the decarboxylation step or the formation of the bis(dialkylamino) derivative was the rate determining step. The stereoselectivity of the β-hydroxy saturated compound has been closely related to the fact that the conformation of the intermediate possesses an intramolecular hydrogen bond to a hydroxyl group.
LYN Is a Mediator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and a Target of Dasatinib in Breast Cancer (2010)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a switch of polarized epithelial cells to a migratory, fibroblastoid phenotype, is considered a key process driving tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis. Using breast cancer cell lines as a model system, we sought to discover gene expression signatures of EMT with clinical and mechanistic relevance. A supervised comparison of epithelial and mesenchymal breast cancer lines defined a 200-gene EMT signature that was prognostic across multiple breast cancer cohorts. The immunostaining of LYN, a top-ranked EMT signature gene and Src-family tyrosine kinase, was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.02) and correlated with the basal-like ("triple-negative") phenotype. In mesenchymal breast cancer lines, RNAi-mediated knockdown of LYN inhibited cell migration and invasion, but not proliferation. Dasatinib, a dual-specificity tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also blocked invasion (but not proliferation) at nanomolar concentrations that inhibit LYN kinase activity, suggesting that LYN is a likely target and that invasion is a relevant end point for dasatinib therapy. Our findings define a prognostically relevant EMT signature in breast cancer and identify LYN as a mediator of invasion and a possible new therapeutic target (and theranostic marker for dasatinib response), with particular relevance to clinically aggressive basal-like breast cancer.