gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of channel interference on indoor wireless local area network positioning (2010)

Localization systems for indoor areas have recently been suggested that make use of existing wireless local area network (WLAN) infrastructure and location fingerprinting approach. However, most existing research work ignores channel interference between wireless infrastructures and this could affect accurate and precise positioning. A better understanding of the properties of channel interference could assist in improving the positioning accuracy while saving significant amounts of resources in the location-aware infrastructure. This paper investigates to what extent the positioning accuracy is affected by channel interference between access points. Two sets of experiments compare how the positioning accuracy is affected in three different channel assignment schemes: ad-hoc, sequential, and orthogonal data is analyzed to understand what features of channel interference affect positioning accuracy. The results show that choosing an appropriate channel assignment scheme could make localization 10% more accurate and reduce the number of access points that are required by 15%. The experimental analysis also indicates that the channel interference usually obeys a right-skewed distribution and positioning accuracy is heavily dependent on channel interference between access points (APs).
Single Neurons in the Monkey Hippocampus and Learning of New Associations (2003)

The medial temporal lobe is crucial for the ability to learn and retain new declarative memories. This form of memory includes the ability to quickly establish novel associations between unrelated items. To better understand the patterns of neural activity during associative memory formation, we recorded the activity of hippocampal neurons of macaque monkeys as they learned new associations. Hippocampal neurons signaled learning by changing their stimulus-selective response properties. This change in the pattern of selective neural activity occurred before, at the same time as, or after learning, which suggests that these neurons are involved in the initial formation of new associative memories.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the bronchial tree in volumetric computerized tomography: application to computerized tomography bronchography (2006)

We present a new method for computerized tomography (CT)-based investigation of pulmonary airways. The developed approach is based on a fully automated 3-D reconstruction of the bronchial tree from volumetric spiral CT data. The 3-D reconstruction procedure combines mathematical morphology-based 2-D segmentation, performed on axial images, together with 3-D topology-based restoration and filtering. The 3-D bronchial tree is reconstructed up to the sixth subdivision order and is investigated by using a volume-rendering technique, where bronchi voxels are assigned the gray-level value of their projection in the original CT images. Such a visualization modality, referred to as CT bronchography, provides radiologists with a perception of the sole 3-D bronchial tree structure and preserves the original data contrast. Tested on a data set corresponding to 20 clinical examinations, the proposed method shows robustness with respect to various pathologies such as stenosis, bronchiectasis, mucoid impactions, and infiltrative diseases. It emphasizes the interest in considering CT bronchography as a complementary tool for clinical diagnosis and follow-up of airway diseases.
Visible Flows: Contextual Integrity and the Design of Privacy Mechanisms on Social Network Sites (2009)

Social Network Sites have a number of well publicized privacy issues stemming from the over disclosure of personal information. On one hand, users seem oblivious to their privacy, doing little to protect their personal data. On the other hand, there have been a number of privacy uproars and backlashes due to certain site features or behaviors. In this paper, we explore the privacy issues in social network sites using contextual integrity, a recently proposed privacy framework. We use the framework to highlight a number of privacy issues on social network sites, and to propose a set of design guidelines and potential solutions.
An analysis of selected normative tooth proportions. (1995)

This study was conducted to determine the average dimensions of the six maxillary anterior teeth in a targeted population and to evaluate the relationships between intertooth and intratooth dimensions. Casts were obtained from 54 patients ranging in age from 18 to 35. Measurements of length and width were made on the casts using a digital caliper. Using these measurements, ratios were calculated: length to width, width to width, and length to length. Although the tooth dimensions varied somewhat by race and gender, the ratios were quite consistent. In addition, the golden proportion was not found to correlate with any of the calculated ratios.
Controlled Molecular Weight Polyimides from Poly(amic acid) Salt Precursors (1996)

Controlled molecular weight, thermoplastic polyimides have been prepared via poly(amic acid) salt precursors. 2,2-Bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride and m-phenylenediamine (the Ultem monomers), together with calculated amounts of phthalic anhydride were reacted in N-methylpyrrolidinone as well as in tetrahydrofuran to form poly(amic acid)s with controlled molecular weights. Poly(amic acid) salts were prepared in heterogeneous reactions of the poly(amic acid)s with quaternary ammonium bases or triethylamine dissolved in methanol or water, to yield soluble salts. The poly(amic acid) salts were then melt imidized in air at 250 or 300 °C for 30 min. Results suggest that the poly(amic acid) salt counterion controls the mechanism by which the salt imidizes, which in turn controls the properties of the final polyimide. The triethylammonium poly(amic acid) salts yielded linear, thermoplastic, molecular weight controlled polyimides upon melt imidization. The polyimides prepared from the poly(amic acid) salts containing the triethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetrapropylammonium counterions showed dynamic weight loss profiles comparable to the polyimide produced directly from the control poly(amic acid).
Suppression of tumorigenesis by transcription units expressing the antisense E6 and E7 messenger RNA (mRNA) for the transforming proteins of the human papilloma virus and the sense mRNA for the retinoblastoma gene in cervical carcinoma cells. (1995)

Human cervical carcinoma cell lines that harbor human papilloma virus (HPV) have been reported to express HPV E6 and E7 proteins at least in the beginning stages if not at all stages of the disease. The HPV E6 and E7 proteins bind to and inactivate the products of the p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor genes, which thereby allow the cervical carcinoma cells to circumvent the action of these tumor suppressor genes. We observed that the introduction of the antisense HPV 18 E6 and E7 sequences, as well as a sense cDNA for the human wild-type Rb gene into a human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa), which is positive for the HPV 18 provirus, decreased the in vitro and in vivo growth rate of the transfected cells if both antisense transcripts for the HPV 18 E6 and E7 and sense transcripts for human Rb were expressed. In addition, overexpression of a complementary DNA (cDNA) for the Rb messenger RNA was sufficient to slow the proliferation of HeLa cells, and the level of Rb cDNA expression was correlated with the degree to which the rate of growth of the tumor was slowed. The results of our experiments show that the presence of HPV E6 and E7 proteins and the resultant inactivation of Rb in cervical carcinoma cells contributes to the neoplastic phenotype even in highly evolved cervical carcinoma cell lines such as HeLa, which have been derived from a cervical carcinoma patient at an advanced stage of the disease process. These data suggest that the HPV proteins play a role not only at the beginning of cervical cancer, but also at advanced stages of this disease. These experiments may lead to genetic approaches to the control of this disease that involve antisense sequences that downregulate the E6 and E7 genes or lead to expression of the Rb gene.
Proflavine Acts as a Rev Inhibitor by Targeting the High-Affinity Rev Binding Site of the Rev Responsive Element of HIV-1 (2003)

Rev is an essential regulatory HIV-1 protein that binds the Rev responsive element (RRE) within the env gene of the HIV-1 RNA genome, activating the switch between viral latency and active viral replication. Previously, we have shown that selective incorporation of the fluorescent probe 2-aminopurine (2-AP) into a truncated form of the RRE sequence (RRE-IIB) allowed the binding of an arginine-rich peptide derived from Rev and aminoglycosides to be characterized directly by fluorescence methods. Using these fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, proflavine has been identified, through a limited screen of selected small heterocyclic compounds, as a specific and high-affinity RRE-IIB binder which inhibits the interaction of the Rev peptide with RRE-IIB. Direct and competitive 2-AP fluorescence binding assays reveal that there are at least two classes of proflavine binding sites on RRE-IIB: a high-affinity site that competes with the Rev peptide for binding to RRE-IIB (K(D) approximately 0.1 +/- 0.05 microM) and a weaker binding site(s) (K(D) approximately 1.1 +/- 0.05 microM). Titrations of RRE-IIB with proflavine, monitored using (1)H NMR, demonstrate that the high-affinity proflavine binding interaction occurs with a 2:1 (proflavine:RRE-IIB) stoichiometry, and NOEs observed in the NOESY spectrum of the 2:1 proflavine.RRE-IIB complex indicate that the two proflavine molecules bind specifically and close to each other within a single binding site. NOESY data further indicate that formation of the 2:1 proflavine.RRE-IIB complex stabilizes base pairing and stacking within the internal purine-rich bulge of RRE-IIB in a manner analogous to what has been observed in the Rev peptide.RRE-IIB complex. The observation that proflavine competes with Rev for binding to RRE-IIB by binding as a dimer to a single high-affinity site opens the possibility for rational drug design based on linking and modifying it and related compounds.
The thermostability of natural variants of bacterial plasminogen‐activator staphylokinase (1994)

Three natural variants (wild-type staphylokinase, [R36G, R43H]staphylokinase, and [G34S, R36G, R43H]staphylokinase) of the bacterial plasminogen-activator staphylokinase, a 136-amino-acid protein secreted by certain Staphylococcus aureus strains, have been characterized. These variants differ at amino acid positions 34, 36 and 43 only, and have a very similar plasminogen-activating capacity and conformation in solution, as revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism. However, the thermostability of these variants is significantly different. At 70 degrees C and 0.5 mg protein/ml, irreversible inactivation occurred with apparent half-life (t1/2) values 0.54 +/- 0.13, 0.81 +/- 0.20 and 3.7 +/- 0.7 h (mean +/- SEM) for wild-type staphylokinase, [R36G, R43H]staphylokinase, and [G34S, R36G, R43H]staphylokinase, respectively, with corresponding values at 0.08 mg/ml of 5.3 +/- 1.4 h and 11 +/- 2.0 h for wild-type staphylokinase and [R36G, R43H]staphylokinase, respectively. Dynamic light-scattering measurements indicated that inactivation was associated with protein aggregation, which precluded accurate determination of transition temperatures and enthalpies of unfolding. 0.08-0.34 mg/ml [G34S, R36G, R43H]staphylokinase, however, did not aggregate at 70 degrees C but underwent unfolding as revealed by a 20% increase in the Stokes' radius and a 30% decrease in circular dichroism. The unfolding was reversible upon cooling and was associated with full recovery of functional activity. Thus, these natural variants of staphylokinase have a different sensitivity to thermal inactivation, that is mediated by reversible unfolding of the protein and concentration-dependent irreversible aggregation. [G34S, R36G, R43H]staphylokinase, the most resistant natural variant, has a stability approaching the minimal requirements for pasteurization, which would facilitate its development for clinical use.
Specifying queries as relational expressions (1973)

SQUARE (<u>S</u>pecifying <u>Q</u>ueries <u>A</u>s <u>R</u>elational <u>E</u>xpressions) is a set oriented data sublanguage for expressing queries (access, modification, insertion, and deletion) to a data base consisting of a collection of time-varying relations. The language mimics how people use relations or tables to obtain information. It does not require the sophisticated mathematical machinery of the predicate calculus (bound variables, quantifiers, etc.) in order to express simple references to tables. However, the language has been shown to be complete, i.e., any query expressible in the predicate calculus is expressible in SQUARE.
Modeling reliability of GaN/AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT (2011)

III-V nitrides have attracted intense interest recently for applications in high-temperature, high-power electronic devices operating at microwave frequencies. Gallium Nitride (GaN), with a much larger band gap than Gallium Arsenide, has drawn recent interest in industry for use in blue laser diodes and microwave power field-effect transistors. Even though GaN has three times higher effective electron mass than GaAs, which results in a low-field mobility less than that of GaAs, GaN has some distinct advantages in various applications. Some of these are larger band gap, larger peak electron velocity, higher thermal stability; all of which enables it to be a very promising material for high power, high temperature and high frequency applications.
Coupling aware routing (2002)

In this paper, we develop methods to reduce interconnect delay and noise caused by coupling. First, we introduce two novel problems that deal with coupling-the Coupling-Free Routing (CFR) Problem and the Maximum Coupling-Free Layout (MAX-CFL) Problem. We argue that these problems are useful in both global and detailed routing. Then, we develop algorithms to efficiently solve the problems. Our experimental results show that the algorithms work effectively on real data.
Visualization of tumor vascularity in a rabbit VX2 carcinoma by Doppler flow mapping. (1987)

Using an ultrasonic dynamic flow imager that displays both soft tissues and color-coded flow in the same two-dimensional slice, we were able to display neovascularity in a rabbit VX2 carcinoma. Intravenous infusion of epinephrine altered the flow dynamics in two arteries, one within the tumor and one at the periphery. Further, we were also able to visualize areas of multidirectional flow presumably due to complex arterial patterns and arteriovenous shunts. It is concluded that the color-coded Doppler instrument may overcome some of the methodological problems associated with tumor diagnosis via flow characteristics in the human breast. The literature indicates that the vascular response to the vasoactive drugs or thermal stress may increase differentiation of malignant breast lesions. This experiment suggests that Doppler images and measurements may be made efficiently with color-coded Doppler images, particularly with the addition of more quantitative features to the imager.
Neurokinin 1 Receptor Internalization in Spinal Cord Slices Induced by Dorsal Root Stimulation Is Mediated by NMDA Receptors (1997)

The excitability of spinal neurons that transmit pain is modulated by glutamate and substance P (SP). Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the dorsal horn, and its effects are enhanced by SP acting on neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1Rs). We assessed activation of NK1Rs by studying their internalization in spinal cord slices. NK1Rs were localized in sections from the slices by using immunohistochemistry combined with fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Incubating the slices with SP induced internalization in most NK1R-positive neurons in laminae I, IIo, and X and in half of NK1R-positive neurons in laminae III-V. SP-induced internalization was abolished by the specific NK1R antagonist L-703,606 (1 microM). Stimulating the dorsal root with long-duration (0.4 msec) pulses evoked EPSPs in dorsal horn neurons with latencies consistent with the conduction speed of A partial differential- and C-fibers. High-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation of the dorsal root with these pulses induced NK1R internalization in neurons in laminae I-IIo of the stimulated side of the slice but not in the contralateral side or in other laminae. Stimulation at lower frequencies (1 and 10 Hz) failed to elicit significant internalization, suggesting that the release of SP is frequency-dependent. Internalization produced by the 100 Hz tetanus was mimicked by NMDA and blocked by an NMDA antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, but not by the AMPA and kainate antagonist CNQX. The NK1R antagonist L-703,606 abolished the internalization produced by 100 Hz stimulation or NMDA. Therefore, the release of SP in the dorsal horn appears to be controlled by NMDA receptors.
Monolithic Blue LED Series Arrays for High-Voltage AC Operation (2002)

Design and fabrication of monolithic blue LED series arrays that can be operated under high ac voltage are described. Several LEDs, such as 3, 7, and 20, are connected in series and in parallel to meet ac operation. The chip size of a single device is 150 μm × 120 μm and the total size is 1.1 mm × 1 mm for a 40 (20 + 20) LED array. Deep dry etching was performed as device isolation. Two-layer interconnection and air bridge are utilized to connect the devices in an array. The monolithic series array exhibit the expected operation function under dc and ac bias. The output power and forward voltage are almost proportional to LED numbers connected in series. On-wafer measurement shows that the output power is 40 mW for 40 (20 + 20) LED array under ac 72 V.
Tandem Coagulase/Thermonuclease Agar Method for the Detection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1979)

In optimizing previously reported coagulase agar media to obtain a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive coagulase test agar, variations in plasmas, pH, buffer system, fibrinogen, and fibrinolytic inhibitor were investigated. The agar with the following composition was determined best for the demonstration of coagulase production by Staphylococcus aureus: 25 ml of 15% bovine fibrinogen (fraction I, type I, citrated, Sigma Chemical Co.), 25 ml of rehydrated rabbit plasma (coagulase plasma ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Difco), 10.0 mg of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Schwarz/Mann), and 450 ml of brain heart infusion agar (Difco). In additional studies involving 7 different temperatures and 11 heating times, the thermal destruction of microbial nucleases on plate count agar and coagulase test agar was investigated. Heating the plates for 2.5 h at 65 degrees C destroyed all heatlabile nucleases, but not thermonucleases of S. aureus. A tandem agar plate method for the identification of S. aureus was developed. Coagulase and thermonuclease activity of 50 colonies can be detected on a single agar plate. Suspect S. aureus colonies isolated on various selective media are transferred to coagulase test agar, the plates are incubated at 37 degrees C for 18 h, and the coagulase reaction is recorded. The plates are then heated at 65 degrees C for 2.5 h, overlaid with toluidine blue-metachromatic diffusion agar, and reincubated at 37 degrees C for 3 h, and the thermonuclease reaction is recorded. Studies based on 88 enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains and 133 and 48 suspect S. aureus strains isolated from fresh salami mixtures on mannitol salt and tellurite-polymyxin-egg yolk agars, respectively, demonstrated 100% agreement between the tandem agar plate method and standard coagulase and thermonuclease tests. Overall, the tandem agar plate method is a rapid and convenient approach contributing to the identification of S. aureus from foods.
Adaptive MIMO decision feedback equalization for receivers in time-varying channels (2004)

In an attempt to reduce the computational complexity of the vertical Bell Labs layered space time (V-BLAST) processing for time-varying channels, an efficient adaptive receiver is developed based on the generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE) architecture. This receiver updates the filter weight vectors using a recursive least squares (RLS)-based time- and order-update algorithm. In time-varying channels, the proposed adaptive technique can be considerably simpler to implement than the V-BLAST processor with the channel tracking, yet its performance is almost comparable to that of the latter.
Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Is it detrimental or beneficial? (2012)

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a well-known phenomenon that happens after performing lengthening contractions or unaccustomed exercise. Many studies have tried to reduce this muscle damage yet muscle damage is also known to produce a protective effect against future damaging exercise bouts. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to briefly discuss how EIMD can result in negative consequences and examine evidence for or against potential benefits of EIMD. Design and Methods: Non-systematic review Results: EIMD is detrimental in that it produces prolonged decreases in force and decreased exercise performance. If muscle damage is severe it may result in exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and when it occurs in combination with dehydration or heat stress, it may potentially lead to life threatening issues such as acute kidney failure. Despite its detrimental effects, some have suggested possible benefits from EIMD. The potential benefits of EIMD include the repeated bout effect and muscle hypertrophy but these benefits can be produced without inducing EIMD. Conclusion: After examining the detrimental and beneficial effects of EIMD, it seems that the detrimental effects outweigh any possible benefits of EIMD and many of the proposed benefits (repeated bout effect and hypertrophy) can be produced without EIMD.
Grundlagen der Arbeit mit CADdy (1995)

Das computerunterstützte Konstruieren — CAD (Computer Aided Design) — hat bereits große technische Reife erlangt. CAD-Anlagen werden in vielen Bereichen eingesetzt, vom Architektur- und Bauwesen über die Vermessungstechnik, den Maschinenbau bis hin zur Elektrotechnik und Elektronik.
Multiple suppression using a local coherence filter (1998)

Abstract Generally, when velocity filters are applied to prestack seismic data, they can suppress long-period multiples, but they can also deteriorate the primary amplitudes. Since the apparent velocity differences between primaries and multiples can be negligible within the near-offset regions of data gathers, a velocity filter will be ineffective in these regions, tending to remove or distort primary signal. The normal solution to this problem is to mute or remove near-offset data, but this approach is detrimental to low-fold data. In this paper, we derive a filter that can be used to address the problem by responding to average apparent velocity differences rather than to instantaneous apparent velocity differences between primaries and multiples. The filter, called a local coherence filter, is essentially a finite-difference operator whose step size is equivalent to a spatial prediction distance. Within the local coherence filter's small application window, an NMO-corrected multiple is predictable while an overcorrected primary is not predictable. The step size of its difference operator gives the filter the ability to discriminate between primaries and long-period multiples in regions of a data gather where velocity filters fail. This paper derives the local coherence filter and compares it to the f-k filter in both model and real-data applications. Results demonstrate that the local coherence filter is more effective in suppressing long-period multiples without distorting the primary reflections.