gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H1N1: Can a Pandemic Cycle Be Broken? (2010)

The influenza virus that caused the 2009 H1N1 swine-origin flu pandemic is antigenically similar to the one that caused the devastating 1918 pandemic. Over time, the human population became susceptible to a modified version of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 virus that had been archived in swine. Now, two papers, one in this issue of Science Translational Medicine and one in Science, shed mechanistic light on how glycosylation gave rise to seasonal human flu viruses that are immunologically distinct from their 1918 pandemic precursor and the 2009 pandemic strain. These findings suggest strategies to anticipate and prevent future pandemics.
Contrasting Responses of Intermountain West Grasses to Soil Nitrogen (2003)

The mechanisms responsible for soil-N-mediated species replacement of native perennial grasses by the invasive annual grasses cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski) on rangelands are not completely understood. In addition, the contributions of distinct forms of inorganic N (i.e., NH4+ and NO3-) to these shifts in species composition are currently unclear. Consequently, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to test 2 hypotheses: 1) that low N availability reduces growth (root and shoot) and N allocation of invasive annual seedlings more than native perennial species, and 2) that seedling growth and N allocation of invasive annual grasses is more responsive than native perennial grasses when supplied with NO3- relative to NH4+. We grew seedlings of 2 annual grasses and the native perennial grasses bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love), and 4 populations of squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf.] Swezey; E. multisetus [J.G. Smith] M.E. Jones) in separate pots and exposed them to treatments differing in N form and availability for 17 weeks. Unexpectedly, root and shoot growth of annual grasses were equal or greater than native perennial grasses under low N availability. Annual grasses took up more NO3- and allocated more growth and N to shoots than the perennial grasses (P 0.05). Perennial grasses had significantly greater root:shoot dry mass ratios than the invasive annual grasses across treatments (P 0.05). Invasive annual and native perennial grasses both had greater (P 0.05) shoot and root mass and allocated more N to these structures when supplied with NO3- relative to NH4+. The ecological implications of these growth and N allocation patterns in response to N availability and form provide important clues regarding the specific traits responsible for differences in competitive ability between invasive annual and native perennial grasses on semiarid rangelands.
Equilibrium voltage and overpotential variation of nonaqueous Li–O<sub>2</sub>batteries using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (2014)

Key thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the Li–O<sub>2</sub>battery are studied by the GITT technique for the first time.
Pseudomonas pickettii pneumonia in a diabetic patient. (1995)

Pseudomonas pickettii is a nonfermenting gram negative rod closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa that rarely causes human disease. We describe a case of P pickettii pneumonia in a 41-year-old diabetic patient. Two months prior to admission, patient was treated for a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Present illness started 2 days prior to admission with fever, chills, pleuritic chest pain, and productive cough. Chest x-ray showed a right lower lobe infiltrate with effusion. Thoracocentesis of the right chest brought a transudative fluid. P picketii was isolated from pleural fluid and blood. The patient was initially treated with aztreonam and piperacillin and therapy was changed to ampicillin according to sensitivity results. The pneumonia resolved after 10 days of antibiotic therapy. Our case is the first reported case of P pickettii pneumonia. P pickettii has been reported to cause nosocomial bacteremias associated with contaminated intravenous products and airway colonization from contaminated respiratory therapy solution. Our patient most likely had oropharyngeal colonization with P pickettii during his previous hospitalization. His underlying illnesses might have predisposed him to aspiration and development of P pickettii pneumonia. This case emphasizes the central role of the microbiology laboratory in the proper identification and sensitivity reporting in the management of respiratory infections caused by unusual organisms, such as P pickettii.
Physical properties and virial coefficients of sulfur hexafluoride (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical properties and virial coefficients of sulfur hexafluorideWhitney H. Mears, E. Rosenthal, and Joseph V. SinkaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 7, 2254–2261Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100727a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100727a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Wavelength monitoring of single-mode diode laser using guided-wave interferometer (1980)

A new technique for continuous monitoring of the output wavelength of single-mode diode lasers is reported. In this approach, a small portion of laser output is coupled into a all-single-mode fiber interferometer. Observation of interferometer outputs can be directly and uniquely related to the output wavelength and its temporal variation. In preliminary results we could trace the behavior of the output wavelength as a function of temperature with an accuracy of about 5 Å.
Volterra nonlinear compensation of 112 Gb/s ultra-long-haul coherent optical OFDM based on frequency-shaped decision feedback (2009)

A novel DSP-based FWM compensation scheme for 112Gb/s CO-OFDM based on decision-feedbackaided frequency-shaped Volterra nonlinear filtering, with low O(MlogM) realization complexity, improves the worst Q-factor by ∼7dB at 2000Km, outperforming a prior low-complexity nonlinear compensation scheme by ∼2dB.
Uniformity of Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐ZrO <sub>2</sub> Composites by Colloidal Filtration (1983)

Dispersion states of aqueous composite Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 colloidal suspensions were studied by measuring particle size distribution as a function of pH. Mutual dispersion was achieved at pH values of 2.0 to 3.5. Consolidated composites formed by colloidal filtration reflected the uniformity of the colloidal state. The mean flexural strength (896 MPa) of the sintered compacts was 1.6 times that of bodies consolidated by isostatic pressing .
Decoding individual differences in STEM learning from functional MRI data (2019)

Traditional tests of concept knowledge generate scores to assess how well a learner understands a concept. Here, we investigated whether patterns of brain activity collected during a concept knowledge task could be used to compute a neural 'score' to complement traditional scores of an individual's conceptual understanding. Using a novel data-driven multivariate neuroimaging approach-informational network analysis-we successfully derived a neural score from patterns of activity across the brain that predicted individual differences in multiple concept knowledge tasks in the physics and engineering domain. These tasks include an fMRI paradigm, as well as two other previously validated concept inventories. The informational network score outperformed alternative neural scores computed using data-driven neuroimaging methods, including multivariate representational similarity analysis. This technique could be applied to quantify concept knowledge in a wide range of domains, including classroom-based education research, machine learning, and other areas of cognitive science.
Einleitung (1986)

Die nachfolgende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Verfassung der Gerichte und ihrer Haupttätigkeit, der Rechtsprechung, sowie dem damit zusammenhängenden Bereich des gerichtlichen wie des an seiner Stelle angegebenen anderweitigen Rechtsschutzes in der DDR.
cDNA cloning and expression of rat homeobox gene, Hex, and functional characterization of the protein (1999)

We isolated two cDNA clones of rat Hex, a homeobox protein, studied its expression in rat liver and various cells, and characterized the protein. The levels of Hex mRNA were only slightly increased in liver of rats refed with a high-carbohydrate diet or after partial hepatectomy. Whereas the expression of Hex mRNA was detected in hepatocytes isolated from adult rat liver and also in highly differentiated hepatoma cells, no Hex mRNA was detected in poorly differentiated hepatoma cells. Hex mRNA was also detected in liver from embryo aged 15 days. Expression of Hex was increased in F9 cells during differentiation into visceral endoderm cells by treatment with retinoic acid. This stimulation occurred prior to an increase in the level of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA. When fusion-protein expression vectors of GAL4 DNA-binding domain and Hex were co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid, with or without five copies of the GAL4-binding site, into HepG2 cells, the luciferase activities were decreased in concentration- and GAL4-binding site-dependent manners. This repression did not require the presence of the homeodomain, which is located between the amino acid residues 137 and 196. Its repression domain was mapped between the residues 45 and 136 in the proline-rich N-terminal region. In addition, the homeodomain was responsible for DNA-binding of Hex. These results indicate that Hex functions as a transcriptional repressor and may be involved in the differentiation and/or maintenance of the differentiated state in hepatocytes.
Current status and future potential of computer-aided diagnosis in medical imaging (2005)

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has become one of the major research subjects in medical imaging and diagnostic radiology. The basic concept of CAD is to provide a computer output as a second opinion to assist radiologists' image interpretation by improving the accuracy and consistency of radiological diagnosis and also by reducing the image reading time. In this article, a number of CAD schemes are presented, with emphasis on potential clinical applications. These schemes include: (1) detection and classification of lung nodules on digital chest radiographs; (2) detection of nodules in low dose CT; (3) distinction between benign and malignant nodules on high resolution CT; (4) usefulness of similar images for distinction between benign and malignant lesions; (5) quantitative analysis of diffuse lung diseases on high resolution CT; and (6) detection of intracranial aneurysms in magnetic resonance angiography. Because CAD can be applied to all imaging modalities, all body parts and all kinds of examinations, it is likely that CAD will have a major impact on medical imaging and diagnostic radiology in the 21st century.
Platensimycin Activity against Mycobacterial β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthases (2009)

Our results have shown that platensimycin is active against mycobacterial KasA and KasB and is thus an exciting lead compound against M. tuberculosis and the development of new synthetic analogues.
Development of Neutaribeosut Varieties(Pleurotus ostreatus) Chongpung, Myongwol (2000)

This study was carried out to find a useful mushroom at Chungnam Agricultural Research And Extention Service. Twenty materials used were collected from domestic and exotic area. These races were compared bontanical characteristics to leading varieties by PCR-RAPD methods. Mycelial growth temperature of Chongpung and Myongwol were at 20 to 25℃ and 25 to 30℃ at PDA medium, respectively mycelial growth of these varieties were similiar at pH 6.5 to 7.5. In case of mushroom cultivation temperature ranges, Chongpung was at 5 to 26℃ and Myongwol was at 7 to 28℃, but the optimum temperature range of these were appeared at 15 to 19℃. Culture temperature of these was 23℃ and period of mycelial culture was needed 23 to 24 days under 850㏄/pp, while was needed 11 to 12 days at waste cotton medium. Cap color of these at first inducing mushroom was all dark blue, but at late growing stages Chongpung was shown as grey, and Myongwol was shown as dark grey. Yield of Chongpung was appeared as 46㎏/3.3㎡ and that of Myongwol was 41㎏/3.3㎡, while Chunchu No2 as check was 40㎏/3.3㎡. Results from PDA medium and PCR-RAPD analysis two of these were different from others.
Ion microprobe analysis of mouse calvariae in vitro: evidence for a "bone membrane" (1989)

It is not clear whether the bone mineral is in passive physicochemical equilibrium with the extracellular fluid (ECF) or is separated from it by a metabolically active partition, a so-called "bone membrane." We used a sensitive high spatial resolution scanning ion microprobe utilizing secondary ion mass spectrometry to compare the relative concentrations of 23Na, 39K, and 40Ca on the surface, subsurface, and cross section of cultured live bone with the concentrations in similar regions of dead bone. Calvariae from neonatal mice were dissected and either incubated for 24 h (live) or subjected to 3 freeze-thaw cycles to kill the bone cells prior to incubation (dead). The live bone has abundant surface Na and K relative to Ca and the Na/K is approximately unity. With dead bone there is a dramatic fall in the K/Ca and an increase in the Na/K. These findings are most consistent with an egress of bone K after cell death. Flux measurements indicate a net influx of Ca into the dead bone. The marked change in relative ion concentrations with cell death indicates that live bone is not in passive physiochemical equilibrium with the surrounding medium. There appears to be a metabolically active partition, a so-called bone membrane, between the mineral and the culture medium that utilizes bone cells to maintain ion gradients.
Practical issues in automatic documentation generation (1994)

PLANDoc, a system under joint development by Columbia and Bellcore, documents the activity of planning engineers as they study telephone routes. It takes as input a trace of the engineer's interaction with a network planning tool and produces 1--2 page summary. In this paper, we describe the user needs analysis we performed and how it influenced the development of PLANDoc. In particular, we show how it pinpointed the need for a sublanguage specification, allowing us to identify input messages and to characterize the different sentence paraphrases for realizing them. We focus on the systematic use of conjunction in combination with paraphrase that we developed for PLANDoc, which allows for the generation of summaries that are both concise-avoiding repetition of similar information, and fluent-avoiding repetition of similar phrasing.
A compact, in vivo screen of all 6-mers reveals drivers of tissue-specific expression and guides synthetic regulatory element design (2013)

This work introduces a unique in vivo catalog of short, functional regulatory sequences and demonstrates several important principles of regulatory element organization. Furthermore, we provide resources for designing compact, reverse-complement aware k-mer libraries.
Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. Prevention and reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive drug therapy. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. (1985)

The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program followed 10,940 hypertensive adults for 5 years. Participants were monitored with electrocardiograms (ECGs) and chest x-ray films. Changes in ECG and cardiothoracic ratio were compared between stepped car and the referred care groups. In those with tall R wave by ECG at baseline, who survived the 5-year follow-up, incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ECG criteria was 4.1% in the stepped care group and 8.6% in the referred care group (p less than 0.01). In those participants with ECG evidence of tall R wave or LVH at baseline, the rate of regression toward normal was 54.3% in the stepped care group and 42.9% in the referred care group (p less than 0.01). Reversal of enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest x-ray film (cardiothoracic ratio greater than or equal to 0.5) occurred in 47% of the stepped care group and in 38% of the referred care group (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that the use of systematic antihypertensive therapy to achieve goal blood pressure reduces the incidence of LVH enlarged cardiac silhouette in adults with hypertension. In addition, it was found that antihypertensive treatment tends to reverse previous LVH or high cardiothoracic ratios toward a normal ECG and chest x-ray film pattern among hypertensive subjects. These findings are of particular importance because these indices are predictors of poor prognosis among untreated patients with hypertension.
Silicon Process Technology for Monolithic Memory (1972)

The successful design and production of high density, high speed monolithic memory circuits that can operate efficiently over wide current ranges can be directly attributed to the development of a new silicon process technology based on the (100) crystal orientation. To provide optimum capability to fabricate these circuits with high yields, process modifications to accommodate larger starting substrates (wafers) have also been adopted. Detailed electrical characterization of the resulting devices has confirmed improved circuit operation, demonstrating that improved gain at low current and good junction quality are consequences of the process modifications.
Improving the Interpretability of Deep Neural Networks with Knowledge Distillation (2018)

Deep Neural Networks have achieved huge success at a wide spectrum of applications from language modeling, computer vision to speech recognition. However, nowadays, good performance alone is not sufficient to satisfy the needs of practical deployment where interpretability is demanded for cases involving ethics and mission critical applications. The complex models of Deep Neural Networks make it hard to understand and reason the predictions, which hinders its further progress. To tackle this problem, we apply the Knowledge Distillation technique to distill Deep Neural Networks into decision trees in order to attain good performance and interpretability simultaneously. We formulate the problem at hand as a multi-output regression problem and the experiments demonstrate that the student model achieves significantly better accuracy performance (about 1\% to 5\%) than vanilla decision trees at the same level of tree depth. The experiments are implemented on the TensorFlow platform to make it scalable to big datasets. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to distill Deep Neural Networks into vanilla decision trees on multi-class datasets.
Reductive formation of carbon monoxide from carbon tetrachloride and FREONS 11, 12, and 13 catalyzed by corrinoids (1991)

In an earlier publication, we reported that corrinoids catalyze the sequential reduction of CCl4 to CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, and CH4 with titanium(III) citrate as electron donor [Krone, U. E., Thauer, R. K., & Hogenkamp, H. P. C. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 4908-4914]. However, the recovery of these products was less than 50%, indicating that other products were formed. We now report that, under the same experimental conditions, CCl4 is also converted to carbon monoxide. These studies were extended to include FREONs 11, 12, 13, and 14. Corrinoids were found to catalyze the reduction of CFCl3, CF2Cl2, and CF3Cl to CO and, in the case of CFCl3, to a lesser extent, to formate. CF4 was not reduced. The rate of CO and formate formation paralleled that of fluoride release. Both rates decreased in the series CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CCl4, and CF3Cl. The reduction of CFCl3 gave, in addition to CO and formate, CHFCl2, CH2FCl, CH3F, C2F2Cl2, and C2F2Cl4. The product pattern indicates that the corrinoid-mediated reduction of halogenated C1-hydrocarbons involves the intermediacy of dihalocarbenes, which may be a reason why these compounds are highly toxic for anaerobic bacteria.
Framework for environmental assessment procedures (2004)

Under the Second Energy Community of South East Europe (ECSEE) Project for Turkey, the power transmission component will mainly rehabilitate existing power lines, and install new power lines, and includes as well the rehabilitation of existing substations and installation new substations. The power lines will follow existing rights-of-way, where possible, thus ensuring environmentally sensitive areas will not be adversely affected. Notwithstanding, this environmental assessment provides the guidelines to ensure environmental compliance, should potential adversity occur, in accordance with the country's regulations, and the Bank's policies and procedures regarding environmental safeguards. An environmental screening criteria will be in place will determine that if any of the following factors are assessed, an environmental management plan will be required: change in land use or land surface contours; use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); spipl erosion (land cleaning); adverse impacts to human health; removal of considerable number of trees; public exposure to electric of magnetic fields; permanent loss of productive land; environmentally sensitive areas involved; and, culturally sensitive areas involved (of archaeological significance). Mitigation measures recommend: appropriate route selection to avoid significance to human and natural habitats, including migratory bird paths; construction to be implemented during non-farming season, followed by restoration of farmland after construction; sediment ponds should be constructed to avoid siltation into surface waters; adequate recycling of vegetative debris, and, wastes to be disposed of at selected sites; existing borrow sites and quarries should be used; health and safety plans should be in place, included in contracts as precautionary clauses; construction areas should be regularly sprayed to avoid air pollution; and, construction schedules should be limited to daylight working hours to prevent noise disturbances.
Enantioselective photochemistry through Lewis acid–catalyzed triplet energy transfer (2016)

Relatively few catalytic systems are able to control the stereochemistry of electronically excited organic intermediates. Here we report the discovery that a chiral Lewis acid complex can catalyze triplet energy transfer from an electronically excited photosensitizer. We applied this strategy to asymmetric [2 + 2] photocycloadditions of 2'-hydroxychalcones, using tris(bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) as a sensitizer. A variety of electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic data rule out substrate activation by means of photoinduced electron transfer and instead support a mechanism in which Lewis acid coordination dramatically lowers the triplet energy of the chalcone substrate. We expect that this approach will enable chemists to more broadly apply their detailed understanding of chiral Lewis acid catalysis to stereocontrol in reactions involving electronically excited states.