gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative Compounds of <i>Cyphostemma greveana</i> from a Madagascar Dry Forest (2011)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extracts obtained from a plant identified as Cyphostemma greveana Desc. (Vitaceae) led to the identification of one macrolide, lasiodiplodin (1), three sesquiterpenoids, 12-hydroxy-15-oxoselina-4,11-diene (2), 1β,6α-dihydroxyeudesm-4(15)-ene (3), and (7R*)-opposit-4(15)-ene-1β,7-diol (5), and a new diterpenoid, 16,18-dihydroxykolavenic acid lactone (4). All the isolates were tested against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, and compound 4 and a fraction containing 5 as the major constituent showed antiproliferative activities with IC(50) values of 0.44 μM (0.14 μg/ml) and 0.045 μg/ml, respectively. A partial synthesis of compound 5 was carried out, but the pure synthetic compound was inactive, indicating that the activity of the fraction containing it must be due to a very minor and as yet unidentified substance.
Propagation mechanism and metallurgical characterization of first bond brittle heel cracks in AlSi wire (1992)

Bottom die heel cracks in 1.25-mil Al-1%Si wires were found to cause opens and shorts, which were attributed to brittle-looking fatigue die heel breaks. This failure mechanism has found to be directly caused by the 60-kHz ultrasonic energy vibrating the wire behind the tool during the first bond. In order to increase the frequency of these brittle cracks, hard AlSi wire was deliberately produced for this work. The frequency of the bottom cracks increased from one in a thousand to eight out of ten wires, when normal wire (19-g tensile breaking force) was replaced with hard wire (35-g tensile breaking force). The wire bonding sequence was partitioned to determine the onset of the crack and its propagation. Results show that the ultrasonic vibration during first bond produces an incipient crack that further propagates during the remainder of the wire bond cycle. Full metallographic characterization of the wire, which included optical and scanning electron microscopy, was performed in order to investigate the matrix/particle involvement in the failed specimens. The possible fracture formation and propagation characteristics are described, and the specific contribution of the AlSi alloy system is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward a Theory of Death Transcendence (1983)

A preliminary theory of transcendence is proposed that neither assumes that persons are pervasively motivated to deny death nor that immortality is conceptually or empirically impossible. Using categories from Lifton's work, five cognitive modes of transcendence are proposed, the creative, nature, biosocial, religious, and mysticism. Scales to measure these modes were devised based on factor analysis of items in a large sample (N = 587). These scales were subsequently correlated with Spilka's Fear of Death scales in one sample (N = 342), and with Spilka's perspective and the Allport and Ross intrinsic/extrinsic scales in another sample (N = 105). In a final study, interviews with a sample of older adults (N = 39) allowed categorization of participants on each of Lifton's categories and these were correlated with intrinsic/extrinsic religiosity and Spilka's Death perspective scales. In all samples, meaningful patterns of correlations were obtained indicating the usefulness of our preliminary theoretical concerns. A cognitive theory of transcendence in opposition to widely postulated denial theories seems fruitful. In addition, the special linkage between cognitive modes of transcendence and mysticism is discussed.
A Robust Route to Enzymatically Functional, Hierarchically Self‐Assembled Peptide Frameworks (2013)

The addition of enzyme biofunctionality to self-assembling peptide nanofibers is challenging since such additions can inhibit functionality or self-assembly. We introduce a method for peptide nanofiber enzyme functionalization, demonstrated by the attachment of a polymerization synthase to peptide nanofibers. The enzyme generates a biocompatible, biodegradable biopolyester coat on the fibers with applicablity in medical engineering. This approach provides a template for generation of functional bionanomaterials.
Electric-field-induced thermally assisted switching of monodomain magnetic bits (2013)

We present a study of the electric-field-induced switching of magnetic memory bits exhibiting interfacial voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA). Switching is analyzed in the single-domain approximation and in the thermally activated regime. The effects of external magnetic fields, magnitudes of the perpendicular anisotropy and VCMA effect, and voltage pulse width on the switching voltage are discussed. Both in-plane and perpendicular magnetic memory bits are considered. Experimental results are presented and compared to the theoretical model.
[Role of TGF-beta and PDGF on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis--analysis by in vivo gene transfer]. (1996)

To elucidate the relevance of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, we introduced each of these expression vectors via trachea into Wistar rat to overexpress them locally in the lungs by hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome method. The TGF-beta 1 gene induced significant proliferatin of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen fibrils with mild cellular infiltration. The PDGF-B gene induced mild fibrotic changes with some cellular infiltration. These findings suggest that both factors may be very closely relevant to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis.
Indirect Cation Pool Method. Rapid Generation of Alkoxycarbenium Ion Pools from Thioacetals (2006)

A sequential one-pot indirect cation pool method has been developed. The method involves the electrochemical generation and accumulation of ArS(ArSSAr)+ at low temperature (step 1) and the follow-up reaction with a thioacetal to generate an alkoxycarbenium ion pool (step 2), which reacts with various carbon nucleophiles (step 3). Steps 2 and 3 are extremely fast. The electrogenerated ArS(ArSSAr)+ was well-characterized by 1H NMR and CSI-MS. The alkoxycarbenium ion pool generated by the present indirect method exhibited 1H and 13C NMR spectra and thermal stability similar to those of the alkoxycarbenium ion pool generated by the direct electrochemical method.
Racial Differences in Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentrations in Individuals With Essential Hypertension (1996)

Hypertension is more prevalent in blacks than whites, and the reasons for this difference remain unclear. To test whether endothelin may play a role in these racial variations, we analyzed plasma samples from black and white women and men with high blood pressure by an enzyme-linked immunoassay specific for endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, and compared them with those obtained from similar subjects with normal blood pressure. Both female and male hypertensive blacks had elevated levels of immunoreactive ET-1 (11.3 +/- 1.0 and 12.3 +/- 1.3 pmol/L, respectively) compared with values in normotensive control blacks (1.5 +/- 0.2 and 1.4 +/- 0.2 pmol/L). Corresponding values in female and male hypertensive whites were 3.8 +/- 0.6 and 3.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/L, respectively, compared with respective values of 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 2.8 +/- 0.4 pmol/L in normotensive control whites. These results indicate that plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ET-1 levels differ significantly between black and white individuals with high blood pressure. This finding may be an important factor in the etiology of racial differences in the prevalence and severity of hypertension and deserves further study [corrected].
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple Timescales in Sensorimotor Adaptation (2015)

Recent computational and behavioral studies suggest that motor adaptation results from the update of multiple memories with different timescales. Here, we designed a model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in which subjects adapted to two opposing visuomotor rotations. A computational model of motor adaptation with multiple memories was fitted to the behavioral data to generate time-varying regressors of brain activity. We identified regional specificity to timescales: in particular, the activity in the inferior parietal region and in the anterior-medial cerebellum was associated with memories for intermediate and long timescales, respectively. A sparse singular value decomposition analysis of variability in specificities to timescales over the brain identified four components, two fast, one middle, and one slow, each associated with different brain networks. Finally, a multivariate decoding analysis showed that activity patterns in the anterior-medial cerebellum progressively represented the two rotations. Our results support the existence of brain regions associated with multiple timescales in adaptation and a role of the cerebellum in storing multiple internal models.
Low viscosity amino acid ionic liquids with asymmetric tetraalkylammonium cations for fast absorption of CO2 (2009)

Fifteen novel amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) were prepared by the combination of several tetraalkylammonium cations with four amino acid anions ([Gly], [L-Ala], [β-Ala] and [Val]).The asymmetry of the tetraalkylammonium cations is shown to have a significant influence on the viscosity of the ionic liquids composed of amino acid anions, especially for the four triethylbutylammonium ([N2224])-based ionic liquids that have viscosities of lower than 60 mPa s, with the lowest being only 29 mPa s. The low viscosity tetraalkylammonium-based AAILs are further demonstrated to improve apparently the reaction and mass transfer rates of CO2 in the ionic liquids.
Evaluation of dose effects of magnesium sulfate on rocuronium injection pain and hemodynamic changes by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation (2011)

Magnesium (10 and 20 mg/kg) prior to rocuronium was effective in attenuating rocuronium associated injection pain and cardiovascular changes by LTI.
2 GHz one octave-band 90 degree hybrid coupler using coupled meander line optimized by 3-D FEM (2002)

This paper describes a miniaturized 90 degree hybrid coupler using edge-coupled microstrip lines. A high dielectric-constant substrate and meandered coupled-line configuration are adopted to realize small size. In the designing, the effects of meandered configuration of microstrip lines with narrow spacing between the neighboring pair lines were calculated directly using three dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM). The calculated results showed that above mentioned highly packed meander structure retains practical 90 degree hybrid coupler performance. A experiment done afterward supported the simulated results. A bandwidth of one octave from 1 GHz to 2 GHz with /spl plusmn/0.8 dB power dividing balance and 90/spl plusmn/3 degrees phase difference were achieved experimentally with dimensions of 3.0 mm/spl times/2.85 mm/spl times/2.0 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Audio source separation with a single sensor (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of audio source separation with one single sensor, using a statistical model of the sources. The approach is based on a learning step from samples of each source separately, during which we train Gaussian scaled mixture models (GSMM). During the separation step, we derive maximum a posteriori (MAP) and/or posterior mean (PM) estimates of the sources, given the observed audio mixture (Bayesian framework). From the experimental point of view, we test and evaluate the method on real audio examples.
PEIR, the personal environmental impact report, as a platform for participatory sensing systems research (2009)

PEIR, the Personal Environmental Impact Report, is a participatory sensing application that uses location data sampled from everyday mobile phones to calculate personalized estimates of environmental impact and exposure. It is an example of an important class of emerging mobile systems that combine the distributed processing capacity of the web with the personal reach of mobile technology. This paper documents and evaluates the running PEIR system, which includes mobile handset based GPS location data collection, and server-side processing stages such as HMM-based activity classification (to determine transportation mode); automatic location data segmentation into "trips''; lookup of traffic, weather, and other context data needed by the models; and environmental impact and exposure calculation using efficient implementations of established models. Additionally, we describe the user interface components of PEIR and present usage statistics from a two month snapshot of system use. The paper also outlines new algorithmic components developed based on experience with the system and undergoing testing for integration into PEIR, including: new map-matching and GSM-augmented activity classification techniques, and a selective hiding mechanism that generates believable proxy traces for times a user does not want their real location revealed.
1.55-&lt;tex&gt;$mu$&lt;/tex&gt;m Optically Pumped Wafer-Fused Tunable VCSELs With 32-nm Tuning Range (2004)

We demonstrate widely tunable InAlGaAs-InP-AlGaAs-GaAs optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers operating in the 1.55-μm waveband. The tuning range of 32 nm is achieved by applying a low tuning voltage of 4 V. Maximum single-mode output power of 2 mW with less than 1.5-dB power variation over the whole tuning range and side-mode suppression ratio in excess of 30 dB have been obtained.
A Study of Supervised Spam Detection applied to Eight Months of Personal E-Mail (2004)

In the last year or two, unwelcome email has grown to the extent that it is inconvenient, annoying and wasteful of computer resources. More significantly, its volume threatens to overwhelm our ability to recognize welcome messages, and hence to destroy our trust in email as a reliable communication medium. An automatic spam filter can mitigate these problems, provided that it acts in a reliable and predictable manner. We evaluate ten spam detection methods embodied in six popular open-source spam filters by applying each method sequentially to all of the e-mail received by one individual (X) from August 2003 through March 2004. These 49,086 messages were originally judged in real-time by X. The messages and judgements were recorded, and reproduced so as to provide the same evaluation suite for all the methods. Five of the methods are derived from Spamassassin [spamassassin.org 2004], a hybrid system which includes both static spam-detection rules and a Bayesian statistic
Short-rise-time microwave pulse propagation through dispersive biological media (1989)

Numerical research is reported on the propagation of short microwave pulses into living, biological materials. These materials are dispersive, and data on the dielectric constant and conductivity for these materials follow a Debye model. A Fourier-series calculation is presented that predicts the occurrence of Brillouin precursors when the incident pulses have sufficiently short rise times. These transients are attenuated with increasing propagation distance but are attenuated more slowly than the carrier frequency of the pulse, which is attenuated exponentially with distance. An analysis of the numerical error resulting from truncation of the Fourier series is given. Upper-bound estimates of truncation error show good series convergence.
Multidecade linearity measurements on Si photodiodes (1979)

It is often claimed that silicon photodiodes are linear over many decades, but very little evidence on the experimental verification can be found in the literature. Therefore, an effort was made to investigate the linearity of Si photodiodes over as many decades as possible. Optically, the experiments are based on a cascaded use of the linearity tester described by Sanders, which utilizes the double-aperture method. The electronics include an operational amplifier, a voltage-to-frequency converter, and a counter. Details of the optical and electronic instrumentation will be presented. The measurements are extended to cover a range of about 9 decades, from 10 mA to about 10 pA. Measurements were made on Si photodiodes from various manufacturers, and the results are given.
Multi-Target Tracking Based on High-Order Appearance Feature Fusion (2019)

Multi-target tracking (MTT) is among the fundamental problems in the field of video analysis and monitoring. In the tracking-by-detection framework, data association is one of the most important and difficult problems. In this paper, we propose a framework to obtain the appearance features of a target in an end-to-end fashion, which fuses high-level and low-level semantic information. The high-order feature map is abstracted using the high-order apparent relationship for each target between the current frame and the previous frames, whereas the similarity matrix is used to describe the high-order features of the target. The best matching relationships between targets are obtained using hierarchical data association and the Hungarian algorithm. This proposed method is called Multi-target tracking Based on High-order Appearance Feature Fusion (MTT-HAFF), which can handle a large number of input sequences, local association failures, and identity exchanges that result from unreliable detections. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a good robustness for long-term occlusion tracking.
Ultra Thin Film Resist for Low Energy E-beam Projection Lithography. (2002)

Recently, new resist criteria for low energy electron beam projection lithography (LEEPL) such as bi-layer, chemically amplified and silicon containing resists have been requested. In order to investigate the lithographic characteristics of each system, three chemically amplified resist samples consisting of silsesquioxane base polymer were prepared. It was found using a 50kV direct writing electron beam tool that the resist characteristics at 50nm film thickness indicated unique results compared with that of the 100nm, 150nm and 200nm film thickness in the resist screening. The screened resists presented around 80nm resolution with 180nm pitch in LEEPL imaging. However, the coating defect was detailed as a challenge for imaging ultra thin film resists.
Subunit equilibria of porcine heart citrate synthase. Effects of enzyme concentration, pH, and substrates. (1986)

Porcine heart citrate synthase, a dimeric protein of Mr = 100,000 composed of two identical subunits, is shown to undergo a monomer-dimer equilibrium. The extent of dimerization is found to be dependent on the concentration of citrate synthase, pH, ionic strength, and the specific buffer system employed. Oxaloacetate and citrate, substrates for the forward and reverse reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, affect dimerization at concentrations of the protein which exists as monomer in their absence. The dissociation of citrate synthase dimers has been demonstrated utilizing the techniques of gel permeation chromatography, fluorescence polarization, fluorescence energy transfer, and heat denaturation. Earlier studies of citrate synthase quarternary structure found the protein to be nondissociable except under denaturing conditions or extensive modification; however, most former studies were performed at relatively high protein concentration, ionic strength, and pH, conditions which stabilize the dimer. In light of recent evidence derived from x-ray crystallographic studies showing amino acid residues from one subunit contributing to the citrate and CoA binding sites of the other, the dissociation into monomers would be expected to have profound effects on citrate synthase activity and regulation, as well as overall tricarboxylic acid cycle activity.
Speckle suppression using a liquid-crystal cell (2008)

A simple method for suppressing speckles in images produced by laser projectors is proposed. The coherence of the laser beam and, therefore, speckles can be destroyed when the beam passes through an electrooptical cell in which a special ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as a modulating medium. The effect is achieved due to the spatially inhomogeneous phase modulation of light when specially shaped bipolar electric pulses are applied to the cell.
Solution of final stages of polyethylene terephthalate reactors using orthogonal collocation technique (1984)

Abstract The formation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been modeled to have reactions with monofunctional compounds, redistribution, and cyclization reactions in addition to the usual polycondensation step. In the final stages, the overall polymerization is mass‐transfer controlled and solution of the reactor performance equations have been determined through the orthogonal collocation technique. This technique is found to be considerably more efficient for PET reactors compared to the finite difference method; the use of ten collocation points gives results which are close to the exact solution.
Protein Recycling from the Golgi Apparatus to the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plants and Its Minor Contribution to Calreticulin Retention (2000)

Sophie Pagny, Marion Cabanes-Macheteau, Jeffrey W. Gillikin, Nathalie Leborgne-Castel, Patrice Lerouge, Rebecca S. Boston, , , Protein Recycling from the Golgi Apparatus to the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plants and Its Minor Contribution to Calreticulin Retention, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 5 (May, 2000), pp. 739-755
Molecular modeling of the amino-terminal zinc ring domain of BRCA1. (1996)

The equine herpes virus zinc ring domain nuclear magnetic resonance structure was used for homology-based modeling of the amino-terminal zinc ring domain of the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. The zinc ring domain of BRCA1 is of particular interest because it is the location of significant and frequently occurring missense (Cys(61)Gly, Cys(64)Gly, and Cys(64)Tyr) and frameshift (185delAG) mutations observed in several high-risk kindreds. The BRCA1 zinc ring domain possesses 54% sequence similarity with the equine herpes virus zinc ring domain. The model structure undergoes little conformational variance after 140 ps of solvated molecular dynamics. This model proposes BRCA1 zinc ring domain residues that may play a role in DNA binding and/or protein-protein interactions. These predictions provide a point of departure for the design of mutants to probe BRCA1 zinc ring domain functionality.