gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of db-cAMP, IBMX and RA in Aspects of Neural Differentiation of Cord Blood Derived Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multilineage differentiation potential which includes cell lineages of the central nervous system; hence MSCs might be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Although mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to differentiate into the neural lineage, there is still little knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of differentiation particularly towards specialized neurons such as dopaminergic neurons. Here, we show that MSCs derived from human umbilical cord blood (MSC(hUCBs)) are capable of expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nurr1, markers typically associated with DA neurons. We also found differential phosphorylation of TH isoforms indicating the presence of post-translational mechanisms possibly activating and modifying TH in MSC(hUCB). Furthermore, functional dissection of components in the differentiation medium revealed that dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and retinoic acid (RA) are involved in the regulation of Nurr1 and Neurofilament-L expression as well as in the differential phosphorylation of TH. We also demonstrate a possible inhibitory role of the protein kinase A signaling pathway in the phosphorylation of specific TH isoforms.
Reassembly of active 30S ribosomal subunits with an unmethylated <i>in vitro</i> transcribed 16S rRNA (1987)

A plasmid has been constructed, which contains the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of Escherichia coli immediately downstream from a phage T7 promoter. In vitro transcription of this gene by RNA polymerase of the T7 phage yielded an unmethylated 16S rRNA that could be used for the assembly of functional 30S subunits. These subunits when assayed in a poly(U)-directed translation assay, were as active as 30S subunits reconstructed with native 16S rRNA. This system opens the possibility of investigating the role of the methylations of the rRNA and the functional consequences of site-directed mutagenesis in a rRNA gene. An application of this system was provided by generating a 16S rRNA transcript shortened by about 30 nucleotides at the 3' end. This truncated rRNA could be reassembled into 30S subunits, about 70% as active as 30S subunits reconstructed with the full-length 16S rRNA transcript.
Room-temperature storage of medications labeled for refrigeration (2007)

Information regarding the room-temperature storage of 79 medications labeled for refrigerated storage was compiled.
LEFT—A SYSTEM THAT LEARNS RULES ABOUT VLSI DESIGN FROM STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS (1994)

Abstract The system presented, LEFT, learns most specific generalizations (MSGs)from structural descriptions. The new inductive multistaged generalization algorithm is based on several new or enhanced ideas that improve the quality of generalization using weighted predicates and make it applicable to real world problems. The algorithm distinguishes between important and less important predicates. Built-in predicates are used to select alternative MSGs and improve the resulting hypothesis. The system has been applied successfully to chip-floorplanning, a subtask of VLSI design. It acquires rules describing single floorplanning steps. Additional informationNotes on contributorsJÜRGEN HERRMANN Address correspondence to Jurgen Herrmann, Universitat Dortmund, Informatik 1,44221 Dortmund,Germany.
Information and observer disagreement in histopathology (1994)

Concepts from information theory are used to assess the process of ordinal classification of histopathological continua such as degree of dysplasia or degree of differentiation. A working model is used to show that reducing the number of categories leads to an increase in inter-observer agreement, as measured by kappa statistics, but a decrease in information transmitted. It is argued that the prime role of histopathologists is to pass information, obtained from visual patterns, to the clinician and therefore more categories, rather than fewer, should be used. It is suggested that judgements of continua should be made on 100 point scales and quoted together with 95% confidence limits; and that the judgements of different observers should be averaged to form a reference range.
Pricing game of two substitutable products supply chains under centralized and decentralized decisions (2012)

This article considers the pricing game of two supply chains which compete in the market with two substitutable products in a fuzzy environment. The two substitutable products supply chains are either centralized, i.e. manufacturers sell their own products, or they are decentralized where manufacturers sell their products to the market through retailers. By using game and fuzzy set theories, two pricing game models are established and the corresponding optimal pricing strategies in closed form are also given. At last, some managerial analyses are given by numerical approach.
Surface Wettability Modification of Cyclic Olefin Polymer by Direct Femtosecond Laser Irradiation (2015)

The effect of laser irradiation on surface wettability of cyclic olefin polymer (COP) was investigated. Under different laser parameters, a superhydrophilic or a superhydrophobic COP surface with a water contact angle (WCA) of almost 0° or 163°, respectively, could be achieved by direct femtosecond laser irradiation. The laser power deposition rate (PDR) was found to be a key factor on the wettability of the laser-treated COP surface. The surface roughness and surface chemistry of the laser-irradiated samples were characterized by surface profilometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively; they were found to be responsible for the changes of the laser-induced surface wettability. The mechanisms involved in the laser surface wettability modification process were discussed.
Electric field distributions in a molecular-beam epitaxy Ga0.83Al0.17As/GaAs/GaAs structure using photoreflectance (1989)

We have studied the photoreflectance (PR) spectra from a molecular-beam epitaxially (MBE) grown heterostructure consisting of 200 nm of Ga0.83Al0.17As , a 800-nm GaAs buffer layer on a semi-insulating (SI) 〈100〉 (LEC) GaAs substrate. By varying both the pump beam wavelength and modulation frequency we are able to identify the component layers, their quality, and the quality of the various interfaces. In this study we find evidence for a low density of interface states between the GaAs buffer layer and the GaAlAs layer, and a relatively large density of interface states, between the substrate and buffer layers. These states, previously observed by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) of doped structures, are presumably associated with the interface produced by MBE growth on etched and air exposed substrates. However, in our experiment since the substrate is semi-insulating and the buffer layer is undoped, it is difficult to resolve these states spatially by C–V techniques. Our results show that the PR technique can be used to characterize low conductivity or semi-insulating structures such as enhancement mode metal–semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) and high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) type devices and it may be useful for the in situ characterization of epigrown surfaces and interfaces.
Effect of Antiemetic Therapy on Recovery and Hospital Discharge Time (1995)

Ondansetron is an effective prophylactic antiemetic agent for children undergoing dental surgery. Compared with droperidol, ondansetron decreases the length of hospital stay, but compared to placebo, there were no differences in the patient recovery parameters.
Towards a dynamic CORBA component platform (2002)

Distributed object computing (DOC) middleware, even if commonly used, has several drawbacks in supporting large and complex distributed applications: no visibility of distributed object interconnections, no implementation separation between business logic and system services, and no application deployment process. In response to this, DOC middleware is evolving to distributed component computing (DCC) middleware such as the Enterprise Java Beans and the CORBA Component Model (CCM). Such middleware provides new solutions to exhibit component interconnections, to separate functional and non-functional aspects, and to deploy components. However, this new middleware generation does not allow applications to have fine-grain control of their deployment process, i.e. the deployment process is hard-coded into DCC middleware and applications cannot adapt it to their requirements. In the context of the CCM, this paper promotes a flexible deployment process supported by a dynamic CORBA Component platform. This platform is composed of an OMG IDL compiler, generic container servers, and our CorbaScript engine (basis and first implementation of the OMG IDLscript specification). It allows software architects to dynamically drive the deployment of their distributed components, as well as to be reactive to their evolutions.
Penetration Studies of Blood Globin Gels (1985)

Studies were made on the effect of temperature, pH and protein and salt concentration on the penetration force withstood by globin gels. The registered force increased with heating temperature (60 ‐ 95°C) and protein concentration (1.4 ‐ 5.0%). The gelation pH was dependent on both protein and salt concentration; the higher the protein or salt concentration the lower the gelation pH. At 3% protein concentration globin formed a gel around pH 5 ‐ 6. At 0.7% concentration and higher, the presence of salt weakened the gel strength, while the addition of plasma increased the gelation pH of salt‐containing globin gels. A substantially higher penetration force was measured for bovine globin gels than porcine globin gels. Further concentration and spray‐drying decreased the gel strength of globin gels.
Silicon cantilever beam micromachining and structure geometry characterization (2009)

A method to etch cantilever beams oriented in the <100> direction on (100) silicon wafers is presented. Backetching of the wafer, heavily doped boron etch stop, or anodic oxidation etch stop are not necessary. The method requires only two levels of masking and uses silicon dioxide as passivation material. Two techniques that offer information about the surface topography, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and WLI (white light interferometry), were used.
CFTC non-US exemption programme needs clarity. (2015)

The article reports on the proposal of Commodity Futures Trading Commission to clarify an exemption program for foreign clearinghouses in the U.S. Topics cited include the burden to foreign clearinghouses of the need to register as a derivatives clearing organization, key benefits of exemption program, and comments from Davis Polk partner Annette Nazareth.
Methotrexate for urticarial vasculitis. (1994)

A patient with urticarial vasculitis unresponsive to all treatments except systemic corticosteroids responded completely to low-dose oral methotrexate, allowing withdrawal of corticosteroids. Methotrexate is a proven treatment for other immunologic diseases, and low doses seem to carry an acceptable safety profile. Its use in urticarial vasculitis may be appropriate in selected patients.
Development of an Optimized Medium, Strain and High-Throughput Culturing Methods for Methylobacterium extorquens (2013)

Methylobacterium extorquens strains are the best-studied methylotrophic model system, and their metabolism of single carbon compounds has been studied for over 50 years. Here we develop a new system for high-throughput batch culture of M. extorquens in microtiter plates by jointly optimizing the properties of the organism, the growth media and the culturing system. After removing cellulose synthase genes in M. extorquens strains AM1 and PA1 to prevent biofilm formation, we found that currently available lab automation equipment, integrated and managed by open source software, makes possible reliable estimates of the exponential growth rate. Using this system, we developed an optimized growth medium for M. extorquens using response surface methodologies. We found that media that used EDTA as a metal chelator inhibited growth and led to inconsistent culture conditions. In contrast, the new medium we developed with a PIPES buffer and metals chelated by citrate allowed for fast and more consistent growth rates. This new Methylobacterium PIPES ('MP') medium was also robust to large deviations in its component ingredients which avoided batch effects from experiments that used media prepared at different times. MP medium allows for faster and more consistent growth than other media used for M. extorquens.
A Motion Picture Coding Algorithm Using Adaptive DCT Encoding Based on Coefficient Power Distribution Classification (1987)

A motion picture coding algorithm using motion-compensated interframe prediction and the adaptive discrete cosine transform (DCT) encoding technique is proposed. High coding efficiency is obtained by the adaptive DCT encoding technique in which encoding parameters are fitted to widely varying characteristics of the interframe differential signal. Segmented DCT subblocks of interframe prediction error are classified into categories based on their coefficient power distribution characteristics. The adaptation gain results from using a suitable variable word length code set designated by the above classification for encoding each quantization index of DCT coefficients. In addition, a new coding parameter control method is introduced based on the information rate estimation of the current frame. This classification promotes high stability because good estimation accuracy of bits consumption for each DCT subblock is obtained by utilizing the category indexes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has enough coding efficiency to transmit videoconferencing motion pictures through a 384 kbit/s channel.
Amines by Reduction (2004)

Abstract Amines are derivatives of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogens is replaced with an alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclic group. When more than one hydrogen has been replaced, the substituents can either be the same or different. Amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of hydrogens that have been replaced. Many different types of nitrogen‐containing compounds can be reduced to amines. In practice, however, nitriles or nitro compounds are usually used because they are the most easily obtained starting materials. There are several commercial processes for reducing nitro or nitrile groups to amines. Most large volume aromatic and aliphatic amines are made by continuous high pressure catalytic hydrogenation. Nitro compounds can also be reduced in good yields with iron and hydrochloric acid in the Bèchamp process. Aromatic amines are usually made by hydrogenating the corresponding nitro compound, whereas the aliphatic amines generally start with the corresponding nitrile. In the Bèchamp process, nitro compounds are reduced to amines in the presence of iron and an acid. This is the oldest commercial process for preparing amines, and is still used in the dyestuff industry. The method of reducing aromatic nitro compounds with divalent sulfur is known as Zinin reduction. This reaction is carried out in a basic media using sulfides, polysulfides, or hydrosulfides as the reducing agent. Amines, nitro compounds, nitriles, and the various solvents and reagents used in the preparation of amines by reduction vary widely in the hazards they may pose. Some of these materials are acutely toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin. Others are skin irritants or sensitizers. Still others, by chronic exposure, may cause damage to organs such as the liver or may be carcinogenic. No general rules can govern their safe use in all cases. Regulations governing the safe handling and shipping of amines are given in U.S. Department of Transportation publications. Specific information on safe handling and hazards can be found in the Material Safety Data Sheet for a given material.
Clinical Manifestations of Avellino Corneal Dystrophy Diagnosed by Non-invasive Genetic Test (2008)

Purpose: To introduce a new genetic method for the diagnosis of Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD), which is non-invasive and can be easily performed on an outpatient basis, and to evaluate the relationship between the degree of corneal opacity and age or sex. Methods: A genetic study was performed on 11 patients who had a specific corneal opacity by slit-lamp examination and on four normal patients by using a specific adhesive tape to obtain epidermal keratinocytes. Corneal dystrophy was diagnosed according to the genetic study. Results: All 11 patients were confirmed as having heterozygous ACD. Heterozygous ACD patients were classified into five stages: trace, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe, based on slit-lamp photography status. Corneal stages had no relationship with sex (p=0.982), but the severity of ACD increased with age (p=0.005). Conclusions: A non-invasive sticker-type genetic study kit, the “U-gene test” is a good method to diagnose corneal dystrophy genetically. Avellino corneal dystrophy becomes more severe over time but has no relationship with sex.
Multifunctional roles of gelsolin in health and diseases (2010)

Gelsolin, a Ca(2+) -regulated actin filament severing, capping, and nucleating protein, is an ubiquitous, multifunctional regulator of cell structure and metabolism. More recent data show that gelsolin can act as a transcriptional cofactor in signal transduction and its own expression and function can be influenced by epigenetic changes. Here, we review the functions of the plasma and cytoplasmic forms of gelsolin, and their manifold impacts on cancer, apoptosis, infection and inflammation, cardiac injury, pulmonary diseases, and aging. An improved understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of gelsolin may lead to new considerations of this protein as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
Dynamics of Arabidopsis SUN proteins during mitosis and their involvement in nuclear shaping (2011)

The nuclear envelope (NE) is a highly active structure with a specific set of nuclear envelope proteins acting in diverse cellular events. SUN proteins are conserved NE proteins among eukaryotes. Although they form nucleocytoplasmic linkage complexes in metazoan cells, their functions in the plant kingdom are unknown. To understand the function of plant SUN proteins, in this study we first investigated the dynamics of Arabidopsis SUN proteins during mitosis in Arabidopsis roots and cultured cells. For this purpose, we performed dual and triple visualization of these proteins, microtubules, chromosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cultured cells, and observed their dynamics during mitosis using a high-speed spinning disk confocal microscope. The localizations of SUN proteins changed dynamically during mitosis, tightly coupled with NE dynamics. Moreover, NE re-formation marked with SUN proteins is temporally and spatially coordinated with plant-specific microtubule structures such as phragmoplasts. Finally, the analysis with gene knockdowns of AtSUN1 and AtSUN2 indicated that they are necessary for the maintenance and/or formation of polarized nuclear shape in root hairs. These results suggest that Arabidopsis SUN proteins function in the maintenance or formation of nuclear shape as components of the nucleocytoskeletal complex.
Windowing vs scrolling on a visual display terminal (1982)

To study a different star the astronomer moves his telescope. To study a different bacterium the biologist moves his microscope slide. In the case of the astronomer, it is the viewing instrument that is being moved, while in the case of the biologist it is the viewed object that is being moved. These scientists have no choice, the nature of their equipment requires that they operate in a pre-defined way. The user of a video display terminal (VDT), however, can be given a choice. The VDT user views a representation of an area of computer memory. In most cases the portion of memory the user wishes to examine is much larger than that which will fit on the screen at one time. For this reason almost all VDT's are equipped with some sort of “scroll function” that allows the user to display data that is located beyond the limits of the screen.
Conformational Analysis of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘,<i>N</i>‘-Tetramethylsuccinamide:  The Role of C−H···O Hydrogen Bonds (2000)

We report a conformational analysis of N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylsuccinamide. An initial set of geometries was obtained through an exhaustive conformer search with molecular mechanics. The structures were further optimized using density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized-gradient approximation. Single-point energies on the DFT geometries are reported at the second-order Møller−Plesset (MP2) levels. The lowest energy conformations were further optimized at the MP2 level. Geometries and relative energies for 22 conformations are reported. The geometries are rationalized in terms of rotational potential energy surfaces in simple compounds, intramolecular C−H···O hydrogen bonding, and dipole−dipole repulsion.
Current Activities in the Advanced Exploration Systems ISRU Project (2018)

Media Filter MOXIE support: completed flow performance tests and initial dust loading tests of the MOXIE HEPA filter in the Mars Flow Loop Designed and fabricated prototype full-scale scroll filter for testing of renewable filter performance Mars Flow Loop upgrades: installed more sensitive instrumentation, improved imaging, and increased run duration capability Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) Plasma-physics based model predicts particle charge and trajectory Characterizing dust environment from fluidized-bed injection dust environment using laser sheet visualization and Fine Particle Analyzer Sabatier Design Study Defined the Sabatier design space, including reactor type, thermal management, gas recycling/separation Modeled Sabatier systems with one or two reactors with different types of thermal management Adding thermal management schemes and recycling and gas separation to model Catalyst Screening Performing compression testing on new and used catalyst pellets Performing vibration testing on different catalyst pellet types under different load conditions Preparing to test catalysts for performance and degradation
Etoposide (VP-16–213) (1985)

IN the 12 years since its introduction into clinical trials in the United States, etoposide (VP-16–213; epipodophyllotoxin; 4′-demethyl-9-[4,6–0-ethylidene-D-glucopyranoside]) has been demonstrated to be active in the treatment of several neoplastic disorders. Both etoposide and its congener teniposide (VM-26) have been the subjects of a program of detailed clinical research by the National Cancer Institute. Although data on teniposide are as yet incomplete, etoposide has been demonstrated to have cytotoxic activity against several tumors, including testicular and small-cell lung cancers, lymphoma, leukemia, and Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In several other diseases, as we will show, its . . .