gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power flexible AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors with suppression of negative differential conductance (2017)

We investigate thermo-electronic behaviors of flexible AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) for high-power operation of the devices using Raman thermometry, infrared imaging, and current-voltage characteristics. A large negative differential conductance observed in HFETs on polymeric flexible substrates is confirmed to originate from the decreasing mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas channel caused by the self-heating effect. We develop high-power transistors by suppressing the negative differential conductance in the flexible HFETs using chemical lift-off and modified Ti/Au/In metal bonding processes with copper (Cu) tapes for high thermal conductivity and low thermal interfacial resistance in the flexible hybrid structures. Among different flexible HFETs, the ID of the HFETs on Cu with Ni/Au/In structures decreases only by 11.3% with increasing drain bias from the peak current to the current at VDS = 20 V, which is close to that of the HFETs on Si (9.6%), solving the problem of previous flexible AlGaN/GaN transistors.
A Kinetic Photometric Method for Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase (1967)

Journal Article A Kinetic Photometric Method for Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase Get access Gabor Szasz, PH.D. Gabor Szasz, PH.D. Department of Laboratory, City Hospital, Frankfurt a.M., Höchst, Western Germany Presented in part at the VIth International Congress of Clinical Chemistry, Munich, Western Germany, July 26, 1960. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 47, Issue 5, 1 May 1967, Pages 607–613, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/47.5.607 Published: 01 May 1967 Article history Received: 29 July 1966 Published: 01 May 1967
Persistent Delivery of Factor IX in Mice: Gene Therapy for Hemophilia Using Implantable Microcapsules (1999)

Severe hemophilia B is a life-threatening, life long condition caused by absence of or defective coagulation factor IX. Gene therapy could provide an alternative treatment to repeated injection of plasma-derived concentrate or recombinant factor IX. We have previously described the use of implantable microcapsules containing recombinant myoblasts to deliver human factor IX in mice. This study reports the generation of improved myoblast-specific expression vectors. Mouse myoblast clones transfected with the various vectors secreted factor IX in vitro, at rates between 70 and 1000 ng/10(6) cells/day. The recombinant myoblast clones were then encapsulated and implanted into mice. Immunocompetent mice implanted with encapsulated myoblasts had up to 65 ng of factor IX per milliliter in their plasma for up to 14 days, after which antibodies to human factor IX became detectable, and this coincided with decreased factor IX in mouse plasma. In immunodeficient mice, however, factor IX delivery was maintained at a constant level for at least 6 weeks (end of experiment). Interestingly, the highest-secreting myoblast clone in vitro did not deliver the highest level of hFIX in vivo. This discrepancy observed between performance in vitro and in vivo may have important implications for the development of gene therapy protocols based on recombinant cells.
The soluble sperm factor that causes Ca2+ release from sea-urchin (Lytechinus pictus) egg homogenates also triggers Ca2+ oscillations after injection into mouse eggs (1999)

Cytosolic extracts of boar sperm contain a soluble phospholipase C (PLC) activity that induces Ca2+ release in sea-urchin (Lytechinus pictus) egg homogenates and an uncharacterized protein factor that causes Ca2+ oscillations when injected into mammalian eggs. In the present study we fractionated boar sperm extracts on three different FPLC chromatographic columns and found that the fractions that caused maximal Ca2+ release in sea-urchin egg homogenates were also the ones that triggered Ca2+ oscillations in mouse eggs. Our data suggests that the sperm factor which triggers Ca2+ oscillations in eggs contains a PLC and not the 33 kDa glucosamine deaminase previously suggested to be one its components.
Practical Application of Pressure/Rate Deconvolution to Analysis of Real Well Tests (2005)

Summary Pressure/rate deconvolution is a long-standing problem of well-test analysis that has been the subject of research by a number of authors. A variety of different deconvolution algorithms have been proposed in the literature. However, none of them is robust enough to be implemented in the commercial well-test-analysis software used most widely in the industry. Recently, von Schroeter et al.1,2 published a deconvolution algorithm that has been shown to work even when a reasonable level of noise is present in the test pressure and rate data. In our independent evaluation of the algorithm, we have found that it works well on consistent sets of pressure and rate data. It fails, however, when used with inconsistent data. Some degree of inconsistency is normally present in real test data. In this paper, we describe the enhancements of the deconvolution algorithm that allow it to be used reliably with real test data. We demonstrate the application of pressure/rate deconvolution analysis to several real test examples.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of enantiopure <i>N</i>-protected β,β-dialkylserines (2004)

A series of enantiomerically pure N-Boc-protected β,β-dialkylserines was synthesized by addition of the appropriate Grignard reagent to N-(Boc)serine methyl ester, followed by TEMPO-catalysed oxidation of the primary alcohol with sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite.Key words: amino acid, serine, β,β-dialkylserines, ring-closing metathesis.
Construction and Harvest of Multilayered Keratinocyte Sheets Using Magnetite Nanoparticles and Magnetic Force (2004)

Novel technologies to establish three-dimensional constructs are desired for tissue engineering. In the present study, magnetic force was used to construct multilayered keratinocyte sheets and harvest the sheets without enzymatic treatment. Our original magnetite cationic liposomes, which have a positive surface charge in order to improve adsorption, were taken up by human keratinocytes at a concentration of 33 pg of magnetite per cell. The magnetically labeled keratinocytes (2x10(6) cells, which corresponds to 5 times the confluent concentration against the culture area of 24-well plates, in order to produce 5-layered keratinocyte sheets) were seeded into a 24-well ultralow-attachment plate, the surface of which was composed of a covalently bound hydrogel layer that is hydrophilic and neutrally charged. A magnet (4000 G) was placed under the well, and the keratinocytes formed a five-layered construct in low-calcium medium (calcium concentration, 0.15 mM) after 24 h of culture. Subsequently, when the five-layered keratinocytes were cultured in high-calcium medium (calcium concentration, 1.0 mM), keratinocytes further stratified, resulting in the formation of 10-layered epidermal sheets. When the magnet was removed, the sheets were detached from the bottom of the plates, and the sheets could be harvested with a magnet. These results suggest that this novel methodology using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force, which we have termed "magnetic force-based tissue engineering" (Mag-TE), is a promising approach for tissue engineering.
Comparison of Gen-Probe DNA probe test and culture for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in endocervical specimens (1991)

A 2-h nonisotopic DNA probe assay for the direct detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital specimens has recently been modified (PACE 2; Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.). The new assay format was developed to increase the sensitivity of the assay and simplify procedural steps. In this study, the new DNA probe test was compared with a culture reference method for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in endocervical specimens. The results of the DNA probe test were expressed as a ratio of relative light units (RLU) of the specimen/RLU of the cutoff recommended by the manufacturer. All patient samples with sample RLU/cutoff RLU ratios less than 0.7 were interpreted as negative, and ratios greater than 2.0 were interpreted as positive for gonorrhea. Samples with sample RLU/cutoff RLU ratios between 0.7 and 2.0 were repeated until two or more consistent negative or positive ratios were obtained. A total of 469 specimens were tested with an overall disease prevalence of 6.1%. Of the 469 patients tested, 5 specimens (1.0%) fell in this borderline region and were retested. If the manufacturer's recommended cutoff value had been used, the original DNA probe results would have resulted in two false-positives. Our data were analyzed for both symptomatic (prevalence, 11.7%) and asymptomatic (prevalence, 2%) women. The study indicated that with our modification of the manufacturer's endpoint interpretation, the DNA probe test was essentially equivalent to the culture method in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patient populations. The new DNA probe test can serve as a suitable screening and diagnostic test for the diagnosis of gonorrheal genital infections in women. Additionally, it offers the advantages of rapid turnaround time and ease of use and allows simultaneous testing for Chlamydia trachomatis on the same specimen.
Early and delayed protection by capsaicin against reperfusion injury in rat hearts. (1999)

Pretreatment with capsaicin induces the early and delayed cardioprotection, which may be related to stimulation of CGRP release in the rat.
MCP-1, MIP-1, IL-8 and Ischemic Cerebral Tissue Enhance Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Migration in Interface Culture (2002)

Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) administered intravenously are effective in reducing neurological deficits after stroke in the rodent. These cells appear to selectively migrate and express neural phenotypes in ischemic brain. To elucidate the mechanisms targeting MSC migration into the ischemic brain, we measured, using a microchemotaxis chamber, the effect of select chemotactic factors and cytokines expressed in injured brain, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), on migration of human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs). In addition, we investigated whether tissue extracts prepared from rat ischemic brain at various times after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) induce migration of hMSCs. Our data indicate that MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and IL-8 enhance the migration of hMSCs. Ischemic brain tissue extracts at 24, 48 h and 1 week after ischemia significantly increase hMSC migration across the membrane compared to non-ischemic tissue (p<0.05). These data indicate that hMSCs are targeted by inflammatory chemotactic agents and cytokines and that ischemic brain attracts hMSCs.
Tyrosine sulfation and N‐glycosylation of human heparin cofactor II from plasma and recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells and their effects on heparin binding (2002)

The structure of post-translational modifications of human heparin cofactor II isolated from human serum and from recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells and their effects on heparin binding have been characterized. Oligosaccharide chains were found attached to all three potential N-glycosylation sites in both protein preparations. The carbohydrate structures of heparin cofactor II circulating in blood are complex-type diantennary and triantennary chains in a ratio of 6 : 1 with the galactose being > 90% sialylated with alpha 2-->6 linked N-acetylneuraminic acid. About 50% of the triantennary structures contain one sLe(x) motif. Proximal alpha 1-->6 fucosylation of oligosacharides from Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived HCII was detected in > 90% of the diantennary and triantennary glycans, the latter being slightly less sialylated with exclusively alpha 2-->3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid units. Applying the ESI-MS/ MS-MS technique, we demonstrate that the tryptic peptides comprising tyrosine residues in positions 60 and 73 were almost completely sulfated irrespective of the protein's origin. Treatment of transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with chlorate or tunicamycin resulted in the production of heparin cofactor II molecules that eluted with higher ionic strength from heparin-Sepharose, indicating that tyrosine sulfation and N-linked glycans may affect the inhibitor's interaction with glycosaminoglycans.
Loss of excitation protection for modern synchronous generators (1975)

This paper presents the results of a study into the application and performance of the offset mho distance relay for the loss of excitation protection of synchronous generators. Included is information on the loss of excitation characteristics of modern generators, on relay performance during transient swings and low frequency disturbances and on generator protection.
Propagating SET Characterization Technique for Digital CMOS Libraries (2006)

A circuit architecture based on simple logic gates is described which uses small chip areas and low speed testing to characterize single event transients for digital applications. Utility of this architecture is demonstrated with heavy ion data on a 130 nm library
Abnormal lipid metabolism after renal transplantation. (2001)

The evidence that lipid disorders in patients following renal transplantation play a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and chronic renal allograft rejection is circumstantial. The high rate of clinical vascular disease and cardiovascular complications in renal transplant recipients, the high prevalence of an atherogenic dyslipidemia and the evidence from the statin regression trials in the general population suggest that lipid lowering treatment is beneficial in patients after renal transplantation. In addition, animal models and observational studies in patients have demonstrated correlations between plasma lipid levels and both acute and chronic rejection. Animal transplant models and clinical trials in heart transplant patients also suggest that statin treatment decreases the incidence of chronic rejection. However, the mechanisms behind this protective effect remain unsolved and no conclusive data exist proving that statins directly inhibit the development of chronic rejection. However, sufficient evidence exists to consider the use of these agents in the posttransplant setting for their possible effects on cardiovascular complications.
Design of a frequency selective surface (FSS) with very low cross-polarization discrimination via the parallel micro-genetic algorithm (PMGA) (2003)

We discuss the design of a frequency selective surface (FSS) with low cross-polarization discrimination. In the past, FSS screens have been employed to improve the cross-polarization performance. The objective of this paper is to synthesize an FSS subreflector with low cross-polarization via the application of a parallel binary coded micro-genetic algorithm (PMGA). The PMGA optimizes the metallization pattern and the periodicity of the FSS screen in both the x- and y-directions to maintain a low cross-polarization level for a wide band of frequencies and a range of incident angles.
A very large-scale microelectrode array for cellular-resolution electrophysiology (2017)

In traditional electrophysiology, spatially inefficient electronics and the need for tissue-to-electrode proximity defy non-invasive interfaces at scales of more than a thousand low noise, simultaneously recording channels. Using compressed sensing concepts and silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors (CMOS), we demonstrate a platform with 65,536 simultaneously recording and stimulating electrodes in which the per-electrode electronics consume an area of 25.5 μm by 25.5 μm. Application of this platform to mouse retinal studies is achieved with a high-performance processing pipeline with a 1 GB/s data rate. The platform records from 65,536 electrodes concurrently with a ~10 µV r.m.s. noise; senses spikes from more than 34,000 electrodes when recording across the entire retina; automatically sorts and classifies greater than 1700 neurons following visual stimulation; and stimulates individual neurons using any number of the 65,536 electrodes while observing spikes over the entire retina. The approaches developed here are applicable to other electrophysiological systems and electrode configurations.
Sorting of Lysosomal Membrane Glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2 into Vesicles Distinct from Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor/γ-Adaptin Vesicles at the trans-Golgi Network (1998)

Newly synthesized lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2 are primarily sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by recognition of a tyrosine-based signal sequence in their cytoplasmic tails. It is presently unclear how this signal is recognized and what type of vesicle transports lamp-1 and lamp-2. Here, we describe a method to generate transport vesicles containing lamp proteins from the TGN in vitro. The method is based on incorporation of radioactive sialic acid in glycoproteins at the TGN by incubation of membranes with tritiated CMP-sialic acid. The generation of vesicles from labeled membranes required ATP and cytosol, and was temperature-dependent and brefeldin A-sensitive. Analysis on Nycodenz gradients revealed that lamp-vesicles were distinct from vesicles containing gamma-adaptin and mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR). Moreover, both these types of vesicles migrated differently than vesicles containing proteins destined for the plasma membrane. The conclusion that lamps and MPRs are sorted into different vesicles was further strengthened by the finding that whereas wortmannin both in vitro and in vivo inhibited the production of gamma-adaptin/MPR-containing vesicles, this drug had no effect on the generation of lamp-vesicles and on the sorting of lamps. The results indicate that membrane proteins containing tyrosine-based motifs for sorting at the TGN are segregated from clathrin-coated vesicles containing MPRs.
Futuristic backhaul networks: Transport protocols perspective (2013)

The mobile Internet data traffic is growing rapidly in non-uniform peak traffic patterns. Emerging radio access technologies are forcing the backhaul network architectures to undergo a major transition in the direction of heterogeneous architectures. This paper provides a brief overview on the applicable protocols with reference to a futuristic backhaul network model serving a variety of radio access technologies. The data traffic paths in the backhaul network are mapped to the candidate protocols mentioned in the paper. In the attempt of developing flexible network architectures for transporting humongous amounts of data generated from next generation radio access technologies, some challenges in protocol layer are presented.
Towards the Responsive Polytechnic (1988)

Polytechnics are living in turbulent times; their legal and political status will probably change but it is not clear how. They are being freed from external validation constraints by CNAA, they are facing a collapse in their traditional market, and they are becoming exposed to competition in new and unfamiliar product areas as never before. To survive, they will have to become far more responsive than they are now and will have to reorganise themselves to become responsive to a rapidly changing and uncertain environment. It has been argued that the way to manage productivity in polytechnics is to pursue quality as the principal objective. Quality in everything must be the core value and this must be internalised by all members of the college. “Quality” goes beyond academic excellence to encompass everything the polytechnic does, and involves everyone who works for it.
Antifungal Activity of Monoterpenoids against Postharvest Pathogens<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>and<i>Monilinia fructicola</i> (2000)

Abstract Twenty two naturally occurring monoterpenoid compounds were selected for antifungal evaluation against two of the most common postharvest pathogens on temperate fruits, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructicola. Experiments were carried out in order to examine the separate effects of these compounds on spore germination and mycelial growth. The growth inhibition test was conducted by incorporating the compounds into the medium, or by exposing the fungi to the vapor of the monoterpenoids. The results showed that carvacrol and thymol, the only two phenolic monoterpenoids, were the most potent inhibitors to the two pathogens in the germination and growth inhibition tests. Both of the compounds completely prevented the spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea and M. fructicola at 100 μg/mL. Even at 10 μg/mL medium (0.25 mg/petri dish) in the volatility test, carvacrol and thymol had 85% and 82% inhibition at 48 h against B. cinerea, and 38% and 57% against M. fructicola, respectively. Other monoterpenoids such as eugenol, citronellol, geraniol, citral, (—)-perillaldehyde, citronellal, (—)-perillyl alcohol and (—)-menthol were good growth inhibitors (by contact) although their activities toward the two pathogens were slightly different, with higher inhibition found against the M. fructicola.
A 3.5-nm Structure of Rat TRPV4 Cation Channel Revealed by Zernike Phase-contrast Cryoelectron Microscopy (2010)

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective cation channel responsive to various stimuli including cell swelling, warm temperatures (27-35 degrees C), and chemical compounds such as phorbol ester derivatives. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of full-length rat TRPV4 purified from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Hexahistidine-tagged rat TRPV4 (His-rTRPV4) was solubilized with detergent and purified through affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. Chemical cross-linking analysis revealed that detergent-solubilized His-rTRPV4 was a tetramer. The 3.5-nm structure of rat TRPV4 was determined by cryoelectron microscopy using single-particle reconstruction from Zernike phase-contrast images. The overall structure comprises two distinct regions; a larger dense component, likely corresponding to the cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal regions, and a smaller component corresponding to the transmembrane region.
A LIST OF RECOMMENDED NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES FOR MACFARLANDS STUDIES OF OPISTHOBRANCHIATE MOLLUSKS OF THE PACIFIC COAST NORTH AMERICA 1966 (1970)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Accelerated proliferation and interleukin-2 production of thymocytes by stimulation of soluble anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in transgenic mice carrying a rabbit protein kinase C alpha. (1992)

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been believed to play an important role in the differentiation/proliferation of various kinds of mammalian cells. To analyze its function in living animals, we have established a transgenic mouse line carrying rabbit protein kinase C alpha cDNA under the control of the regulatory element of human CD2. Thymocytes of these transgenic mice overexpressed PKC alpha. Interestingly, the increase of PKC alpha was detected mainly in membrane fractions of transgenic thymocytes. Although the transgenic thymocytes did not show any distinct proliferative features in vivo, they displayed a unique property to extensively proliferate and produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to the stimulation by a soluble form of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), an incomplete agonist for proliferation of normal thymocytes. Furthermore, co-stimulation of the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and anti-CD3 mAb intensely provoked the transgenic thymocytes to release IL-2. For the first time this result provided the direct evidence that PKC alpha translocated to the cell membrane of thymocytes works as an active second messenger of the T cell receptor-CD3 complex-delivered signal for proliferation and IL-2 production.