gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrast enhanced digital mammography (CEDM): From morphological to functional mammography (2010)

Poster: ECR 2010 / C-0300 / Contrast enhanced digital (CEDM): From morphological to functional mammography by: Muller1, C. Dromain2, C. Balleyguier2, F. Patoureaux1, S. Puong1, X. Bouchevreau1, C. Katz1; 1Buc/FR, 2Villejuif/FR
Surface modification of ionic liquid-spun chitin fibers for the extraction of uranium from seawater: seeking the strength of chitin and the chemical functionality of chitosan (2014)

A platform was developed for the surface modification of ionic liquid-spun chitin fibers, that provides the physical properties of chitin with chitosan's functional properties on the surface.
Both CD45RA+ and CD45RA- subpopulations of CD8+ T cells contain cells with high levels of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 expression, a phenotype of primed T cells (1993)

Expression of CD45 isoforms and some adhesion molecules on T cells change during T cell activation. In CD4+ T cells, it has been reported that CD45RA is lost and CD45RO is up-regulated when CD4+ T cells are stimulated. This change seemed to be irreversible and thus CD45RA may serve as a marker for virgin T cells and CD45R0 as a marker for memory T cells in CD4+ T cells. In CD8+ T cells, however, the expression of CD45 isoform has been less well understood. We have previously reported the switching of CD45 isoform expression may be reversible and CD8+CD45RA+ T cells may contain preactivated T cells. We present further evidence to support this notion by investigating the expression of lymphocyte function-associated Ag (LFA-1) in relation to CD45 isoform expression in various T cell populations in the human. In the thymus and umbilical cord blood, more than 97% of both CD4+ and CD8+ single positive T cells expressed LFA-1 at a low level. In CD4+ peripheral blood T cells, a high level of LFA-1 expression was found only in the CD45RA- population: 98% of CD45RA+ cells were LFA-1low. In CD8+ peripheral blood T cells, in contrast, a distinct population of LFA-1high cells was found in CD45RA+ subset, comprising about 45% of this subset in a 32-yr-old donor. In 7 days after stimulation with PHA, all CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, irrespective of their CD45 isoform expression, were LFA-1high. The proportion of CD45RA+ cells decreased in CD4+ but slightly increased in CD8+ T cells after the stimulation. These results support the notion that CD45RA and CD45R0 mark virgin and memory T cells respectively in the CD4+ T cells, and that CD8+CD45RA- T cells are primed. However, the validity of CD45RA as a marker of virgin cells in CD8+ T cells is seriously questioned.
Cholesterol, a Cell Size-dependent Signal That Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Gene Expression in Adipocytes (2001)

Enlarged fat cells exhibit modified metabolic capacities, which could be involved in the metabolic complications of obesity at the whole body level. We show here that sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and its target genes are induced in the adipose tissue of several models of rodent obesity, suggesting cholesterol imbalance in enlarged adipocytes. Within a particular fat pad, larger adipocytes have reduced membrane cholesterol concentrations compared with smaller fat cells, demonstrating that altered cholesterol distribution is characteristic of adipocyte hypertrophy per se. We show that treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which mimics the membrane cholesterol reduction of hypertrophied adipocytes, induces insulin resistance. We also produced cholesterol depletion by mevastatin treatment, which activates SREBP-2 and its target genes. The analysis of 40 adipocyte genes showed that the response to cholesterol depletion implicated genes involved in cholesterol traffic (caveolin 2, scavenger receptor BI, and ATP binding cassette 1 genes) but also adipocyte-derived secretion products (tumor necrosis factor alpha, angiotensinogen, and interleukin-6) and proteins involved in energy metabolism (fatty acid synthase, GLUT 4, and UCP3). These data demonstrate that altering cholesterol balance profoundly modifies adipocyte metabolism in a way resembling that seen in hypertrophied fat cells from obese rodents or humans. This is the first evidence that intracellular cholesterol might serve as a link between fat cell size and adipocyte metabolic activity.
Heat-inducible DNA Binding of Purified Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (1995)

The heat-induced expression of heat shock proteins, called the cellular stress response, is mediated by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). HSF1 exists in unstressed cells in an inactive form, which is converted to the DNA binding from upon exposure of cells to elevated temperature. We have developed a protocol for isolation of the non-DNA binding form of recombinant mouse HSF1, involving expression and affinity purification of HSF1 as a fusion with the glutathione S-transferase protein in Escherichia coli, followed by specific protease cleavage to release pure HSF1 protein. We report here that the purified inactive HSF1 can be converted to the DNA binding form by heat treatment in vitro. Chemical cross-linking analysis demonstrates that this conversion is accompanied by oligomerization of HSF1 from a monomeric to a trimeric native structure, similar to that observed for HSF1 in heat-shocked cells. These results indicate that elements residing in the HSF1 polypeptide are sufficient both for maintenance of this factor in the non-DNA binding from and for its heat-induced conversion to the DNA binding form and support a role for HSF1 as the "molecular thermostat" in eukaryotic cells, which senses adverse environmental conditions and activates the cellular stress response.
Highly Active Nonplatinum Catalyst for Air Cathodes (2004)

Nonplatinum electrocatalysts for air cathodes showing higher activity than the conventional Pt/C catalysts were prepared by heat-treating cobalt hexacyanoferrate precursors dispersed on carbon support under an inert atmosphere. The activity for oxygen reduction was examined by polarization measurements with a gas-diffusion electrode floating on the surface of an electrolyte under an air atmosphere at room temperature. The electrolyte used was a neutral phosphate buffer solution. To investigate the effect of carbon support on the catalytic activity, different types of carbon supports were used with and without pretreatment with nitric acid prior to dispersion of the inorganic precursor. Among several carbon supports examined, the high-area carbon pretreated with nitric acid at higher concentrations than 8 M led to an enhanced performance for oxygen reduction in the gas-diffusion electrode. The effect of Co/Fe ratio in the precursor on the catalytic activity was also investigated. The catalyst prepared by heat-treating the inorganic precursor with a Co/Fe ratio of 1.2 dispersed on the high-area carbon showed the highest activity. Concerning the polarization voltage for oxygen reduction with the floating electrode, the best catalyst prepared in this study exhibited ca. a 200 mV higher potential at 100 mA cm−2 than the carbon-supported Pt-black catalysts. The remarkable enhancement in the performance of the air cathodes seems to be due to high dispersion on the high-area carbon, leading to effective utilization of the catalyst in addition to its intrinsic activity. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
In Vitro Activity of A-192411.29, a Novel Antifungal Lipopeptide (2000)

A-192411.29 is a novel antifungal agent derived from the structural template of the natural product echinocandin. The in vitro activity of A-192411.29 against common pathogenic yeasts was assessed by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method M27-A. It demonstrated broad-spectrum, fungicidal activity and was active against the most clinically relevant yeasts, such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata, as well as less commonly encountered Candida species; in general, its potency on a weight basis was comparable to that of amphotericin B. It maintained potent in vitro activity against Candida strains with reduced susceptibilities to fluconazole and amphotericin B. The in vitro activity of A-192411.29 against Cryptococcus neoformans was comparable to its activity against Candida spp. However, A-192411.29 did not demonstrate complete growth inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus by the broth microdilution method used. A-192411.29 possesses an antifungal profile comparable to or better than those of fluconazole and amphotericin B against pathogenic yeasts, including strains resistant to fluconazole or amphotericin B, suggesting that it may be a therapeutically useful new antifungal drug.
Computational Stability Analysis of Chatter in Turning (1997)

Machine tool chatter is one of the major constraints that limits productivity of the turning process. It is a self-excited vibration that is mainly caused by the interaction between the machine-tool/workpiece structure and the cutting process dynamics. This work introduces a general method which avoids lengthy algebraic (symbolic) manipulations in deriving, a characteristic equation. The solution scheme is simple and robust since the characteristic equation is numerically formulated as a single variable equation whose variable is well bounded rather than two nonlinear algebraic equations with unbounded variables. An asymptotic stability index is also introduced for a relative stability analysis. The method can be applied to other machining processes, as long as the system equations can be expressed as a set of linear time invariant difference-differential equations.
5-Azacytidine Selectively Increases γ-Globin Synthesis in a Patient with β<sup>+</sup>Thalassemia (1982)

5-Azacytidine is a cytidine analogue that is capable of activating repressed genes in tissue-culture cells and has been shown to increase hemoglobin-F production in anemic baboons. This drug was administered to a patient with severe beta-thalassemia in an attempt to stimulate hemoglobin-F production. After seven days of 5-azacytidine treatment, gamma-globin synthesis increased approximately sevenfold, temporarily normalizing the patient's unbalanced globin synthesis. Erythropoiesis became more effective, leading to a temporary increase in the absolute reticulocyte count (from 5000 to 22,000 per cubic millimeter) and in hemoglobin concentration (from 8.0 to 10.8 g per deciliter). Hypomethylation of bone-marrow DNA near both the gamma-globin and epsilon-globin genes was directly demonstrated. At the time of peak drug effect, about 7000 gamma-globin messenger RNA molecules were present per erythroid bone-marrow cell, in contrast to 10 to 15 epsilon-globin messenger RNA molecules per cell. 5-Azacytidine selectivity increases gamma-globin synthesis and therefore provides a new approach to the treatment of severe beta-thalassemia. Further studies will be required to evaluate the efficacy, risks, and long-term toxicity of 5-azacytidine (or related compounds) before this approach can be used as a therapy for patients with disorders of hemoglobin synthesis.
On the Subtleties of Method and Style in the Laṭāʾif al-ishārāt of al-Qushayrī (2013)

Abstract The Laṭāʾif al-ishārāt of Abū l-Qāsim al-Qushayrī (d. 465/1072) is a comprehensive, line-by-line mystical commentary on the Qur’an. In this article, an analysis of the comments on the first four sūra s demonstrates how Qushayrī crafted a distinctively cohesive way of responding to the Qur’anic text that avoids any sharp or simplistic division of the exoteric and the mystical. This is partly accomplished by not addressing verses in an overly selective way, and partly by mirroring the shifting modes of discourse and content of the Qur’an itself. Qushayrī adeptly incorporates into his commentary the intellectual discourses of his time in exegesis, theology and mysticism, and then expands his rhetorical repertoire with the more emotive and aesthetic dimensions of poetry, rhymed prose and metaphor. Qushayrī’s methodology allows him to use tangible human experience to explain what might otherwise seem like otherworldly or abstract ideas, and to provide concrete advice for mystical aspirants. The esoteric and exoteric are seamlessly interwoven in his commentary through the ethos of adab , understood as a hermeneutic, a sensibility, and a life strategy for those seeking nearness with the divine.
Erbium concentration control and optimization in erbium yttrium chloride silicate single crystal nanowires as a high gain material (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Leijun Yin, David Shelhammer, Gejian Zhao, Zhicheng Liu, C. Z. Ning; Erbium concentration control and optimization in erbium yttrium chloride silicate single crystal nanowires as a high gain material. Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 September 2013; 103 (12): 121902. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4821448 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Efficient Synthesis of Molecular Precursors for Para‐Hydrogen‐Induced Polarization of Ethyl Acetate‐1‐<sup>13</sup>C and Beyond (2016)

A scalable and versatile methodology for production of vinylated carboxylic compounds with (13) C isotopic label in C1 position is described. It allowed synthesis of vinyl acetate-1-(13) C, which is a precursor for preparation of (13) C hyperpolarized ethyl acetate-1-(13) C, which provides a convenient vehicle for potential in vivo delivery of hyperpolarized acetate to probe metabolism in living organisms. Kinetics of vinyl acetate molecular hydrogenation and polarization transfer from para-hydrogen to (13) C via magnetic field cycling were investigated. Nascent proton nuclear spin polarization (%PH ) of ca. 3.3 % and carbon-13 polarization (%P13C ) of ca. 1.8 % were achieved in ethyl acetate utilizing 50 % para-hydrogen corresponding to ca. 50 % polarization transfer efficiency. The use of nearly 100% para-hydrogen and the improvements of %PH of para-hydrogen-nascent protons may enable production of (13) C hyperpolarized contrast agents with %P13C of 20-50 % in seconds using this chemistry.
Microvascular reactivity in patients with hypercholesterolemia: effect of lipid lowering treatment. (2003)

Impaired NO-dependent vasodilation of resistance vessels is an early marker of an increased risk of atherosclerosis; utility of the examination of microcirculation, however, is far less established. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia is associated with an impaired microvascular reactivity and that this defect is at least partially reversible by lipid-lowering treatment. Twenty-seven otherwise healthy patients with severe hypercholesterolemia (HLP) were examined at rest and then after 10 weeks of atorvastatin treatment (20 mg/day). Skin microvascular reactivity (MVR) was examined by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Baseline MVR values of the studied group were compared to healthy control subjects, HLP patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. MVR was normal in HLP subjects without CAD. On the contrary, MVR was impaired in HLP patients with CAD. There was no effect of atorvastatin on MVR, despite the profound reduction of serum lipids. MVR values did not correlate with cholesterol levels. In diabetic subjects, the MVR was substantially impaired only in patients with retinopathy. In the subjects without retinopathy, MVR was either normal (type I diabetes) or moderately impaired (type II diabetes). MVR was thus normal in HLP patients without manifest vascular disease and was not influenced by lipid lowering therapy. Impairment in the MVR was only evident in subjects with HLP and severe CAD. These results suggest that microcirculation is not involved in the early vascular dysfunction induced by HLP and that MVR rather reflects changes which appear later in the course of the atherosclerotic disease.
Arylpiperazine derivatives as high-affinity 5-HT1A serotonin ligands (1988)

Although simple arylpiperazines are commonly considered to be moderately selective for 5-HT1B serotonin binding sites, N4-substitution of such compounds can enhance their affinity for 5-HT1A sites and/or decrease their affinity for 5-HT1B sites. A small series of 4-substituted 1-arylpiperazines was prepared in an attempt to develop agents with high affinity for 5-HT1A sites. Derivatives where the aryl portion is phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, or 1-naphthyl, and the 4-substituent is either a phthalimido or benzamido group at a distance of four methylene units away from the piperazine 4-position, display high affinity for these sites. One of these compounds, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl]piperazine (18), possesses a higher affinity than 5-HT and represents the highest affinity (Ki = 0.6 nM) agent yet reported for 5-HT1A sites.
Lung cancer drug resistance and DNA damage signaling (2005)

The most challenging problem in cancer therapy is tumor resistance to treatment modalities, such as radiation and chemotherapy. There exist two types of resistance to DNA damage-inducing agents: first, naturally occurring resistance and, second, therapy-induced resistance. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates the DNA damage-signaling pathway makes it possible to better define the key regulatory targets involving the development of tumor resistance. In this brief report, we summarize the recent advances in DNA damage signaling, and discuss the potential targets for drug development and better design of clinical trials for cancer patients, especially those with lung cancer.
Controlled Massively Defective Crystalline Solutions with the Fluorite Structure (1964)

Fluorite‐structure compounds form a rare example of ionic species containing vacancies and interstitials in very high concentrations (up to 50 mole‐%). With the formation of substitutional defects incorporating the "half‐breed" derivatives of the type (Ln = lanthanon and yttrium) the possibility of controlling a whole series of properties of fluorite for applications such as lasers is apparent. Crystalline solubility is extensive in binary systems of the type , , and , and in ternary systems . Unit cell dimension, density, and refractive index measurements confirm the existence of interstitial F− as the major defect in and type structures, while simple substitutional defect structures exist between and . Ternary compositions can show a controlled combination of the two types of defect. Certain of the crystalline solutions have been shown to exhibit photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence.
Identifying community based chronic heart failure patients in the last year of life: a comparison of the Gold Standards Framework Prognostic Indicator Guide and the Seattle Heart Failure Model (2012)

Neither the GSF nor the SHF accurately predicted which patients were in the last year of life. The poor prognostic ability of these models highlights one of the barriers to providing timely palliative care in CHF.
Drug Resistance, Virus Fitness and HIV-1 Mutagenesis (2004)

The evolution of antiretroviral drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Drug therapy failure is associated with accumulation of drug resistance mutations and results in the development of drug resistance. Drugs targeted against reverse transcriptase (RT) as well as drug-resistant RT have been shown to increase HIV-1 mutation frequencies. Furthermore, combinations of drug and drug-resistant RT can increase virus mutation frequencies in a multiplicative manner. The evolution of drug resistance also alters virus fitness. The correlation of increased HIV-1 mutation rates with the evolution of antiretroviral drug resistance indicates that drug failure could increase the likelihood of further resistance evolving from subsequent drug regimens. These observations parallel studies from microbial systems that provide evidence for a correlation between drug resistance development and increased pathogen mutation rates. Although increased mutant frequencies may be detrimental to effective therapy, the lethal mutagenesis of the HIV-1 genome may provide a new means for antiretroviral therapy.
Document clustering with prior knowledge (2006)

Document clustering is an important tool for text analysis and is used in many different applications. We propose to incorporate prior knowledge of cluster membership for document cluster analysis and develop a novel semi-supervised document clustering model. The method models a set of documents with weighted graph in which each document is represented as a vertex, and each edge connecting a pair of vertices is weighted with the similarity value of the two corresponding documents. The prior knowledge indicates pairs of documents that known to belong to the same cluster. Then, the prior knowledge is transformed into a set of constraints. The document clustering task is accomplished by finding the best cuts of the graph under the constraints. We apply the model to the Normalized Cut method to demonstrate the idea and concept. Our experimental evaluations show that the proposed document clustering model reveals remarkable performance improvements with very limited training samples, and hence is a very effective semi-supervised classification tool.
Docetaxel: an alternative taxane in ovarian cancer (2003)

The taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel are potent chemotherapeutic agents that block tubulin depolymerisation, leading to the inhibition of microtubule dynamics and cell cycle arrest. Although docetaxel and paclitaxel share a mutual tubulin binding site, mechanistic and pharmacological differences exist between these agents. For example, docetaxel has increased potency and an improved therapeutic index compared with paclitaxel, and its short 1-h infusion offers a substantial clinical advantage over the prolonged infusion durations required with paclitaxel. In clinical studies, docetaxel monotherapy demonstrated good response rates and an acceptable toxicity profile in both paclitaxel- and platinum-refractory ovarian cancer patients. In particular, neurotoxicity - a dominant side effect with both paclitaxel and cisplatin - occurs at a low incidence with docetaxel, making docetaxel a promising agent for combining cisplatin and other platinum compounds. In Phase II studies, the combination of docetaxel with either cisplatin or carboplatin has yielded impressive response rates of 69-74 and 81-87%, respectively. Furthermore, Phase III data suggest that docetaxel-carboplatin and paclitaxel-carboplatin are similarly efficacious with respect to progression-free survival and clinical response, although neurotoxicity occurs more frequently with the paclitaxel regimen. While paclitaxel-carboplatin remains the standard treatment for the management of advanced ovarian cancer, docetaxel-carboplatin appears to be a promising alternative, particularly in terms of minimising the incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy.