gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intensive Insulin Therapy. (1984)

macology of Primary Nociceptive Neuron. The chapter entitled Control of Cancer Pain With Analgesics Acting in the Central Nervous System is useful in principle, but most of the drugs described are not available in the United States. The chapter on the use of epidural opiates is a current and timely review of a useful technique. The chapter on the use of psychotropic drugs is one of the best reviews of this topic that I have read. Several chapters address the topics of regional nerve blocks and neurolytic therapy. The role of specific antineoplastic chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the management of cancer pain is not overlooked, nor is the role of surgical management. In summary, this book is exceedingly well written, carefully edited, and brief (only 238 pages), and it is a thorough review of the characteristics and the management of pain in the patient with cancer. It should be suggested reading for all oncologists and trainees in oncology and is appropriate reading for nurses in this field as well. Anyone who deals with patients who have cancer wi l l find Pain in the Cancer Patient a useful reference source.
Inhibition by Dithiothreitol of the Utilization of Glutamine by Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase (1974)

Abstract The glutaminase activity of glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase (Escherichia coli) and that of the separated light subunit of this enzyme, as well as the glutaminedependent synthetase activity catalyzed by the native enzyme, are inactivated by incubation in air with relatively low concentrations (0.025 to 1 mm) of dithiothreitol; oxidized dithiothreitol does not inhibit. Other mercaptans (glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithioerythritol) also inhibit. Low concentrations of dithiothreitol under nitrogen and high concentrations (5 to 25 mm) of dithiothreitol in air do not inactivate the glutamine-related functions of the separated light subunit or of the native enzyme. However, enzyme preparations that have been inhibited by low concentrations of dithiothreitol in air are not readily reactivated by treatment with high concentrations of dithiothreitol. Incubation of the native enzyme with hydrogen peroxide (0.2 mm) also inhibits the glutamine-dependent activities. In distinction, treatment of the enzyme with either hydrogen peroxide or low concentrations of dithiothreitol in air does not affect either the ammonia-dependent synthetase activity or the synthesis of ATP from ADP and carbamyl phosphate, while the bicarbonate-dependent hydrolysis of ATP is stimulated moderately by both of these reagents. The addition of catalase as well as the addition of l-albizziin, l-glutamine, EDTA, or a mixture of ATP, magnesium ions, bicarbonate, and l-ornithine protect against inhibition of the glutamine-dependent synthetase activity by dithiothreitol. Neither l-ornithine (a positive allosteric effector) nor UMP (a negative allosteric effector) significantly affects the inhibition while a high protein concentration (10 mg per ml) protects against inhibition. The glutaminase activity of the separated light subunit, like that of the intact enzyme, is inhibited by the glutamine analog l-2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoic acid (chloroketone); l-glutamine or l-albizziin can protect against this inhibition. [14C]Chloroketone binds to the dithiothreitol-inhibited enzyme to the same extent as it does to the native enzyme; such binding is reduced in the presence of glutamine. The most straightforward interpretation of the present results is that metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of dithiothreitol produces hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes one or more critical residues in the glutamine binding site of the light subunit. Such oxidation does not involve the sulfhydryl group which in the native enzyme reacts with chloroketone, nor does it involve a sulfhydryl group on the light subunit whose reaction with N-ethylmaleimide in the presence of ATP, magnesium ions, and bicarbonate, leads to loss of glutamine-dependent synthetase activity and to enhanced glutaminase activity.
Iodine-free high efficient quasi solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell containing ionic liquid and polyaniline-loaded carbon black (2010)

An incombustible and non-volatile paste with carbon black (CB), a conducting polymer (CP), and an ionic liquid (1-buty-3-methylimidazolium iodide, BMII or 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, PMII) was placed between the dye-sensitized porous TiO2 and the Pt counter electrode to fabricate a quasi solid-state DSSC, without the addition of iodine. While the solar-to-electricity efficiencies (η) were measured to be 4.38% and 3.68% for the cells with PMII/CB and BMII/CB, respectively, the corresponding values without CB were 0.6% and 0.3%; indicating the remarkable role played by the carbon material in the electrolyte. When the CB was replaced with polyaniline-loaded carbon black (PACB), an efficiency of 5.81% was obtained, at 100 mW cm−2 AM1.5 illumination using PMII, the highest ever reported for a quasi solid-state DSSC made without iodine. High thermal stability up to 250 °C for each component in the composite electrolytes was confirmed by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). At-rest durability of the DSSC with PACB was studied both at room temperature and at 70 °C and was found to be far superior to that of a cell with an organic solvent electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dark current measurements were used to substantiate the results.
Instrumentation and probes for molecular and cellular imaging. (2007)

Molecular and cellular imaging is a branch of biomedical sciences that combines the use of imaging instrumentation and biotechnology to characterize molecular and cellular processes in living organisms in normal and pathologic conditions. The two merging areas of research behind molecular and cellular imaging are detection technology, i.e. scanners and imaging devices, and development of tracers, contrast agents and reporter probes that make imaging with scanners and devices possible. Several in vivo imaging instruments currently used in human studies, such as computer tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, have been rescaled for small animal studies, while other methods initially used for in vitro evaluation, such as bioluminescence and fluorescence, have been refined for in vivo imaging. Conventional imaging relies on the use of non specific contrast agents and classical probes; however, newly developed targeted contrast agents and activable ''smart'' imaging probes for so-called ''targeted imaging'' have demonstrated high specificity and high signal to noise ratio in small animal studies. This review focuses on basic recent findings in the technical aspects of molecular and cellular imaging modalities (equipment, targeted probe and contrast agents and applied combinations of instrumentation and probe) with particular attention to the choice of the future: the multimodal imaging approach.
Polycondensation in the Solid State. Polymerization of Crystalline Benzyl Tosylate to Polybenzyl (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolycondensation in the Solid State. Polymerization of Crystalline Benzyl Tosylate to PolybenzylRobert W. Lenz and Ashwin PatelCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 2, 168–176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60032a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60032a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trajectory similarity measures (2015)

Storing, querying, and analyzing trajectories is becoming increasingly important, as the availability and volumes of trajectory data increases. One important class of trajectory analysis is computing trajectory similarity. This paper introduces and compares four of the most common measures of trajectory similarity: longest common subsequence (LCSS), Fréchet distance, dynamic time warping (DTW), and edit distance. These four measures have been implemented in a new open source R package, freely available on CRAN [19]. The paper highlights some of the differences between these four similarity measures, using real trajectory data, in addition to indicating some of the important emerging applications for measurement of trajectory similarity.
Ultra-Low Power Hybrid CMOS-Magnetic Logic Architecture (2012)

Dipolar magnetic coupling between single layer nanomagnets is used in nanomagnetic logic (NML). Apart from writing and reading, nanomagnets are also clocked using external magnetic fields generated by current carrying wires. The related current ranges in mA and consumes large power. Also, the fields cannot sharply terminate at boundaries between nanomagnets that are required to be in different clock zones. The above concerns motivated us to look into alternate magnetic devices to realize magnetic logic. We therefore suggested miltilayer magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) for logic. We have observed that MTJ free layers can interact with their neighbors through magnetic coupling. In this paper we have proposed use of this coupling for effective logic computation. MTJs are also CMOS friendly, a property that we used to write, clock and read from logic. CMOS integration also improves control over individual elements in logic. In this paper we have used these properties to present a novel CMOS-MTJ integrated architecture that: a) computes logic using magnetic coupling between MTJs and b) writes, clocks and reads from logic using spin transfer torque (STT) current that is more energy efficient. A feasibility study of this CMOS-MTJ integration in 22 nm CMOS technology node is also presented. The proposed architecture achieves an energy reduction >;95% in adders and multipliers when compared to traditional designs using single layer nanomagnets.
Adrian Harley: The Limits of Meredith's Comedy (1953)

Research Article| March 01 1953 Adrian Harley: The Limits of Meredith's Comedy Frank D. Curtin Frank D. Curtin Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nineteenth-Century Fiction (1953) 7 (4): 272–282. https://doi.org/10.2307/3044234 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Frank D. Curtin; Adrian Harley: The Limits of Meredith's Comedy. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 1 March 1953; 7 (4): 272–282. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3044234 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNineteenth-Century Literature Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Aspirin Attenuates Cytomegalovirus Infectivity and Gene Expression Mediated by Cyclooxygenase-2 in Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (1998)

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of smooth muscle cells generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby activates nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), which causes expression of viral and cellular genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. These changes could account for the mounting evidence suggesting that CMV may contribute causally to restenosis and atherosclerosis. We found that CMV induces ROS, at least partly, through a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent pathway. Moreover, the viral immediate-early (IE) gene products, IE72 and IE84, have the capacity to transactivate the COX-2 promoter. Aspirin and indomethacin, both cyclooxygenase inhibitors as well as direct ROS scavengers, reduce CMV-induced ROS, probably through both of these activities. Sodium salicylate also has antiviral effects as the result of its potent antioxidant properties. Furthermore, by reducing ROS, aspirin and sodium salicylate inhibit CMV-induced NFkappaB activation, the ability of IE72 to transactivate its promoter, CMV IE gene expression after infection of SMCs, and CMV replication in SMCs. This is the first time aspirin has been shown to have antiviral effects. Thus, it is possible that aspirin has previously unrecognized therapeutic effects in various clinical situations, such as in viral infections (when used as an antipyretic agent) and in atherosclerosis (when used as an antiplatelet agent).
Labile Coagulation Factors in Thawed Fresh Frozen Plasma Prepared by Two Methods (1984)

Two preparations of fresh frozen plasma were studied. The plasma from CPDA-1 whole blood units was either frozen within 6 h (FFP-I) or 18-20 h (FFP-II) of phlebotomy. Average activity for factor VIII for FFP-I (n = 6) and FFP-II (n = 19) was 102% and 55%, respectively (p less than 0.01). Average activity for factor V and VII in both products was approximately 100%. Factor XI activity (n = 13) in FFP-II averaged 84%. We conclude that FFP-I and FFP-II are equivalent in terms of coagulation factor activity except for factor VIII.
Decicycle magnetic amplifier systems for servo applications (1955)

The importance of minimizing time delays in a typical autopilot channel are discussed and the major advantages to be gained in the use of magnetic amplifier systems having responses which are small in comparison with the period of 1 complete cycle of the power supply are described. Magnetic frequency multipliers, magnetic pulse transformers, and transistor pulse generators are discussed, and corresponding circuit schematics which yield frequency multiplication from d-c and single-phase or multiphase a-c supplies are shown. A typical 400-cycle-per-second (cps) decicycle magnetic amplifier system which provides a reversible polarity d-c output is described. A comparison of response time, transfer characteristics, weight, and volume is made with a standard, high-performance 400-cps half-cycle response magnetic amplifier having the same power rating. It is shown that the decicycle magnetic amplifier system yields twice the sensitivity and one-sixth the response time for equivalent power rating and weight.
Effect of Lipophilicity on in Vivo Iontophoretic Delivery. II. .BETA.-Blockers. (2001)

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between drug lipophilicity and the transdermal absorption processes in the iontophoretic delivery in vivo. Anodal iontophoresis of beta-blockers as model drugs having different lipophilicity (atenolol, pindolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, oxprenolol and propranolol) was performed with rats (electrical current, 0.625 mA/cm2; application period, 90 min), and the drug concentrations in skin, cutaneous vein and systemic vein were determined. Increasing the lipophilicity of beta-blockers caused a greater absorption into the skin. Exceptionally, it was found that pindolol had high skin absorption, irrespective of its hydrophilic nature. Further, the drug transfer rate from skin to cutaneous vein (R(SC)) was evaluated from the arterio-venous plasma concentration difference of drug in the skin. Normalized R(SC) by skin concentration showed a negative correlation with the logarithm of n-octanol/buffer partition coefficient (Log P, pH 7.4), suggesting the partitioning between stratum corneum and viable epidermis was a primary process to determine the transfer properties of beta-blockers to local blood circulation. Pindolol exhibited both high skin absorption and high transfer from skin to cutaneous vein. These characteristics of pindolol could be explained by the chemical structure, molecular size and hydrophilicity. These findings for pindolol should be valuable for the optimal design of drug candidates for iontophoretic transdermal delivery.
New side chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes containing 1,3-dithiane or 1,3-dioxane rings as mesogenic side groups (1997)

New liquid crystal materials: 2-\[p-(9-decenyloxy)phenyl]-5-(p -alkoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane(11) and 2-\[p-(9-decenyloxy)phenyl]-5-(p -alkoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane(12) were synthesized. The mesomorphic behaviour of these compounds was determined. Though the 1,3-dioxane-type monomer exhibited both SmA and nematic phases, the 1,3-dithiane-type monomer only exhibited a nematic phase. By the hydrosilylation of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) and these monomers, side chain polysiloxanes were synthesized. For the monomers, the transition temperatures of the nematic to isotropic transitions of 1,3-dioxane-type compounds are higher than those of the corresponding 1,3-dithiane-type compounds. However, in the polysiloxane polymer this relation reversed.
TREK2 Expressed Selectively in IB4-Binding C-Fiber Nociceptors Hyperpolarizes Their Membrane Potentials and Limits Spontaneous Pain (2014)

Ongoing/spontaneous pain behavior is associated with ongoing/spontaneous firing (SF) in adult DRG C-fiber nociceptors (Djouhri et al., 2006). Causes of this SF are not understood. We show here that conducting (sometimes called uninjured) C-nociceptors in neuropathic pain models with more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials (Ems) have lower SF rates. Understanding the control of their Ems may therefore be important for limiting pathological pain. We report that TREK2, a leak K(+) channel, is selectively expressed in IB4 binding rat C-nociceptors. These IB4(+) C-neurons are ∼10 mV more hyperpolarized than IB4(-) C-neurons in vivo (Fang et al., 2006). TREK2 knockdown by siRNA in these neurons in culture depolarized them by ∼10 mV, suggesting that TREK2 is responsible for this ∼10 mV difference. In vivo, more hyperpolarized C-nociceptor Ems were associated with higher cytoplasmic edge-TREK2 expression (edge-TREK2). Edge-TREK2 decreased in C-neurons 7 d after axotomy, and their Ems depolarized by ∼10 mV. This again supports a contribution of TREK2 to their Ems. These relationships between (1) Em and TREK2, (2) SF rate and Em, and (3) spontaneous pain behavior and C-nociceptor SF rate suggested that TREK2 knockdown might increase spontaneous pain. After CFA-induced inflammation, spontaneous foot lifting (a measure of spontaneous pain) was (1) greater in rats with naturally lower TREK2 in ipsilateral small DRG neurons and (2) increased by siRNA-induced TREK2 knockdown in vivo. We conclude that TREK2 hyperpolarizes IB4 binding C-nociceptors and limits pathological spontaneous pain. Similar TREK2 distributions in small DRG neurons of several species suggest that these role(s) of TREK2 may be widespread.
n-Space (1994–) (2016)

Independent American video game development company n-Space has produced multiple titles for a wide range of platforms including Call of Duty, James Bond, Star Wars, Toy Story, and TRON. n-Space was established in 1994 by three former employees of Martin Marietta’s Advanced Simulation Group, where t
The Melanosome: The Perfect Model for Cellular Responses to the Environment (2000)

Melanocytes play critical roles in mammals, including the regulation of constitutive pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, in embryological development, and in photoprotection from ionizing radiation. The pigments themselves, possibly due to the inherent cytotoxic properties of their precursors, are synthesized and deposited within membrane-bound organelles known as melanosomes. However, the structure of melanosomes, and thus their characteristic properties, varies widely, from relatively disorganized, poorly pigmented pheomelanosomes to highly structured, melanized eumelanosomes. Melanocytes respond to various physiological stimuli, such as melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), agouti signal protein (ASP), endothelins and/or ultraviolet light (UVL) by highly complex intracellular signaling mechanisms that can elicit dramatic changes in melanosome and melanocyte morphology. MSH and UVL stimulate transcription of melanogenic genes that elicit dramatic increases in the amount of eumelanins produced, whereas ASP serves as an antagonist of MSH and inhibits the transcription of those same genes. Recent studies have shown that melanocyte-specific transcription factors, such as MITF, play important roles in these responses, but ubiquitous transcription factors, such as ITF2 and E2A, are also involved. Virtually all known intracellular signaling pathways affect one or more parameters of pigmentation, and it is clear that both melanocyte-specific and basic housekeeping processes are affected by such modulation. The properties of melanins, including their photoprotective function, may be optimized by such stimulatory responses. Studies targeted at elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved and the functional changes that result demonstrate that the melanosome is the perfect model to study such biological response mechanisms.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human GLUT4 Gene Promoter in Diabetic Transgenic Mice (1995)

We previously reported that 2400 base pairs (bp) of 5'-flanking DNA is sufficient for tissue-specific and hormonal/metabolic regulation of the human GLUT4 gene in transgenic mice (Liu, M.-L., Olson, A. L., Moye-Rowley, W. S., Buse, J. B., Bell, G. I., and Pessin, J. E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 11673-11676). To further define the DNA sequences required for GLUT4 expression, we generated transgenic mice carrying 1975, 1639, 1154, 730, and 412 bp of the GLUT4 5'-flank (hG4) fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. The 1975-hG4-CAT, 1639-hG4-CAT, and 1154-hG4-CAT constructs were expressed in a tissue-specific manner identical to the endogenous murine GLUT4 mRNA. Regulation of these reporter gene constructs in insulin-deficient diabetes also paralleled the endogenous gene. In contrast, 730-hG4-CAT was expressed at high levels only in skeletal muscle and at low levels in all of the other tissues examined. Additionally, expression of 412-hG4-CAT was completely unrestricted. Neither the 730-hG4-CAT nor the 412-hG4-CAT reporter genes displayed any insulin-dependent regulation. These data demonstrate that a skeletal muscle-specific DNA element is located within 730 bp of the GLUT4 5'-flanking DNA but that 1154 bp is necessary to direct the full extent of tissue-specific and insulin-dependent regulation of the human GLUT4 gene in transgenic mice.