gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptors for peanut agglutinin isolated from cell lines of human Burkitt lymphoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. (1982)

By affinity chromatography on peanut agglutinin-agarose, receptors for peanut agglutinin were isolated from three lines of human malignant cells labeled with [3H]-galactose. The cell lines examined were a Burkitt lymphoma line Daudi, a lung squamous carcinoma QG-56 and a gastric signet ring carcinoma KATO-III. The isolated receptors from the three sources had similar properties and behaved as glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 160,000 to 280,000 upon sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. However, they showed molecular weights of only around 70,000 upon gel filtration, suggesting that they contained large amounts of carbohydrates. Pronase digestion depolymerized the glycoproteins, though significant amounts of the products were large enough to be excluded from a column of Sephadex G-50. The large molecular weight products were not detected when the receptors were treated with mild alkali and NaBH4 prior to pronase digestion. Major components of the radioactive oligosaccharides and glycopeptides released in the latter case had molecular weights in the range from 3,500 to less than 1,000. These results indicate that the glycoprotein receptors had clusters of oligosaccharide chains of small and medium sizes.
CVI and PAD: A review of venous and arterial disease (2007)

Chronic venous insufficiency and peripheral arterial disease have similar symptoms. Here's what to look for to make the correct diagnosis.
Impact of Information Disclosure on Prices, Volume, and Market Volatility: An Experimental Approach (2015)

This study integrates experimental design with econometric techniques to examine the impact of information disclosure on trading prices, trading volume, and market volatility. Using a double auction model, we find that as information disclosure increases, trading prices and trading volume remain the same. However, the volatility in the marketplace is significantly reduced. This overall market efficiency gain is robust to a number of different efficiency metrics.
A CITATION ANALYSIS OF THE E-JOURNAL, LIBRARY PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE (2005-2014) (2016)

The present study is based on the citation pattern of the articles published for the period 2005–2014 of the Library Philosophy and Practice, E-Journal. 1180 articles are published in the journal during 2005-2014. Highest numbers (198) of articles were published in 2011. The E-Journal contained 20978 references for the study period of which 15518 are documentary sources citations and 5460 are non-documentary source citations. Every year almost 118 articles are published and each article has an average of 13.15 documentary sources and 4.618 non-documentary citations.
A Linear Catalyst Temperature Sensor for Exhaust Gas Ignition (EGI) and On Board Diagnostics of Misfire and Catalyst Efficiency (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Afterburning of a rich exhaust/air mixture ahead of the catalyst has been shown in earlier papers to offer an effective means of achieving catalyst light-off in very short times. Protection of the catalyst from overheating is an important aspect of systems using EGI, and on board diagnostics will be required to check for proper function of EGI. In this paper, some options for these requirements are discussed, using a high temperature linear thermistor.</div>
Telecomunicaciones, ¿ante una nueva etapa de fusiones? (2007)

El sector de las telecomunicaciones es habitualmente uno de los sectores mas concentrados de una economia. Pese a ello, las fusiones y adquisiciones se suceden desde finales de los anos noventa y parecen reactivarse tras la explosion de la burbuja tecnologica. Ante este hecho, cabe preguntarse si esta tendencia a la concentracion va a continuar en el futuro. Este documento presenta una evaluacion critica de esta probabilidad, a la vez que identifica los segmentos de negocio mas proclives a albergar nuevas operaciones. Para ello, se exponen las principales justificaciones teoricas de las operaciones de concentracion. Este analisis, junto a un estudio comparativo de los casos europeo y estadounidense, permite argumentar que las fusiones son una consecuencia logica del intenso proceso de cambio tecnologico y de las sucesivas reformas regulatorias experimentadas por el sector. La existencia de nuevas operaciones de concentracion dependera pues de la direccion que tome la regulacion del sector y del ritmo de cambio tecnologico: en concreto, la regulacion de las redes de nueva generacion y la calidad con la que puedan transmitirse contenidos en tiempo real constituyen, entre otras, variables a seguir de cerca para evaluar la probabilidad de nuevas fusiones.
Overload Control In A Sip Signaling Network (2007)

The Internet telephony employs a new type of Internet communication on which a mutual communication is realized by establishing sessions. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is used to establish sessions between end-users. For unreliable transmission (UDP), SIP message should be retransmitted when it is lost. The retransmissions increase a load of the SIP signaling network, and sometimes lead to performance degradation when a network is overloaded. The paper proposes an overload control for a SIP signaling network to protect from a performance degradation. Introducing two thresholds in a queue of a SIP proxy server, the SIP proxy server detects a congestion. Once congestion is detected, a SIP signaling network restricts to make new calls. The proposed overload control is evaluated using the network simulator (ns-2). With simulation results, the paper shows the proposed overload control works well.
Adaptive signaling schemes with imperfect channel-quality estimates in wireless CDMA communications (2002)

Adaptive signaling techniques can be used to more-efficiently utilize system resources in wireless communication systems. We have previously shown that adaptive signaling with non-uniform M-ary phase-shift-keying can improve the throughput in a CDMA wireless communication system. This additional throughput can be used to include a second multimedia message, called an additional message, along with the standard message that would be transmitted without the use of adaptive signaling. The schemes that we have investigated adapt the spacing of points in the signal constellation and the code rate and signaling rate for the additional message. Techniques that employ only adaptation of the code rates for both messages have also been suggested to achieve this same goal. In this paper we analyze the effects of imperfect channel estimates on the performance of adaptive signaling schemes that use nonuniform signaling and schemes that adapt only the code rate. The results show that, in a variety of situations, the nonuniform signaling schemes provide a higher throughput than the schemes that use uniform constellations. We also analyze the effect of using code-combining automatic repeat request (ARQ) with these adaptive techniques.
Microscale Liquid-Metal Switches—A Review (2008)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have constituted an active R&D area over the last two to three decades, with one of the earliest application topics being microswitches. Typical designs involve actuation of microscale flexural elements (e.g., beams and membranes) to make a short or an opening in the transmission (signal) line. However, the problem of reliability of these switches persisted due to the presence of a solid-solid contact. Inspired by the regular mercury switches that use liquid-solid contact to solve the problems, several researchers have been exploring the use of liquid metal (LM) in developing microscale switches. Over time, the following two different approaches have evolved: LM-wetted microswitches and LM-actuated microswitches. In this paper, we summarize the progress of both approaches over the last decade by reporting a series of LM microswitches, each with the mechanism, fabrication, and performance. In addition, the properties of various LMs and LM alloys and the issues of fabrication and packaging involving LM are presented to help understand the reported developments as well as to assist in designing future LM microswitches.
Fibrinolytic properties of a human endothelial hybrid cell line (Ea.hy 926) (1988)

The fibrinolytic characteristics of the endothelial hybrid cell line EA.hy 926, established by fusing a human umbilical vein endothelial cell with a human carcinoma cell line, were studied. The hybrid cell line produced large amounts of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t- PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and a small amount of urokinase. All plasminogen activator present in conditioned medium was complexed with inhibitor because the cells secreted plasminogen activator inhibitor in excess over plasminogen activator and no activator activity was detectable in conditioned media by direct activity assays. t-PA activator activity was, however, demonstrable in conditioned media after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate, in agreement with t-PA antigen determinations. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor activity could be induced by incubating the cells in the presence of endotoxin or microtubule inhibitors, whereas increased t-PA activity could be induced by microtubule inhibitors. Interleukin-1 had no effect. The fibrinolytic characteristics of the hybrid cell line were stable for at least 30 passages. The perpetual human hybrid cell line EA.hy 926 therefore may be a useful tool for the study of fibrinolysis in cultured endothelial cells.
A Practocal Prepraration of D1-2-Substituted and D1-2,3-Disubstituted Pyrrolines (1993)

Addition of N-vinylpyrrolidinone and an ester to NaH in THF effects acylation and affords keto lactams (1) in high yields. Hydrolysis of 1 in strong acid generates Δ 1 -2-substituted pyrrolines (2) in good yield. Keto lactams (1) can be further alkylated and hydrolyzed to produce Δ 1 -2,3-disubstituted pyrrolines (4) in good isolated yield
Activation of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by Signaling through G Protein-coupled Receptors (1997)

Various extracellular stimuli activate three classes of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK. In mammalian cells, p38 MAPK is activated by endotoxins, inflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. We show here that p38 MAPK is also activated upon stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (Gq/G11-coupled m1 and Gi-coupled m2 muscarinic acetylcholine and Gs-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors) in human embryonal kidney 293 cells. The activation of p38 MAPK through the m2 and beta-adrenergic receptors was completely inhibited by coexpression of Galphao, whereas the activation by the m1 receptor was only partially inhibited. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of Gbetagamma or a constitutively activated mutant of Galpha11, but not Galphas and Galphai, can stimulate p38 MAPK. These results suggest that the signal from the m2 and beta-adrenergic receptors to p38 MAPK is mediated by Gbetagamma, whereas the signal from the m1 receptor is mediated by both Gbetagamma and Galphaq/11.
[Hemostatic abnormalities in ischemic stroke]. (1998)

The authors studied whether haemostatic abnormalities connected with the development of cerebral circulatory disturbances can be demonstrated in young stroke patients in whom Doppler and angiographic examination failed to reveal deviations indicative of stroke. They determined the in vivo activation of the coagulation system (TAT, F 1 + 2), the degree of secondary fibrinolysis (D-dimer), the plasma levels of the markers of fibrinolysis, with special regard to inhibitors: plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), alpha 2 antiplasmin (alpha 2 AP), alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2 M), the frequency of pathologic serum lipoprotein (a)-Lp(a)-values and the association of PAI-1 and Lp(a) with the fibrinolytic system. They conclude that in the acute phase of the disease, the TAT and F 1 + 2 values were significantly elevated compared to the control, without change in the D-dimer value. The results suggest that in the tested period increased thrombin generation dominated and it significantly surpassed plasmin activity since the D-dimer values of that period did not indicate substantial increase in secondary fibrinolysis. The results of the study were separately analyzed in acute, chronic TIA and stroke groups. In the TIA and acute group the F 1 + 2 values, while in stroke the TAT values were more elevated. The in vitro fibrinolytic capacity of the patients significantly decreased compared to controls, showing significant correlation with the Lp(a) level, but not with the PAI value. Examination of the marker molecules renders possible to assess the degree of hypercoaguability and of endogenous lysis. Their knowledge is held important for judging the progression of the disease and the therapeutic consequences.
Selective solubilization of proteins and phospholipids from red blood cell membranes by nonionic detergents (1973)

Abstract Treatment of isolated human erythrocyte membranes with Triton X‐100 at ionic strength ⋍0.04 preferentially released all the glycerolipid and glycoprotein species. At low ionic strength, certain nonglycosylated polypeptides were also selectively solubilized. The liberated polypeptides were free of lipids, but some behaved as if associated into specific oligomeric complexes. Each detergent‐insoluble ghost residue appeared by electron microscopy to be a filamentous reticulum with adherent lipoid sheets and vesicles. The residues contained most of the membrane sphingolipids and the nonglycosylated proteins. The polypeptide elution profile obtained with nonionic detergents is therefore nearly reciprocal to that previously seen with a variety of agents which perturb proteins. These data afford further evidence that the externally‐oriented glycoproteins penetrate the membrane core where they are anchored hydrophobically, whereas the nonglycosylated polypeptides are, in general, bound by polar associations at the inner membrane surface. The filamentous meshwork of inner surface polypeptides may constitute a discrete, self‐associated continuum which provides rather than derives structural support from the membrance.
The Cdc31p-binding protein Kar1p is a component of the half bridge of the yeast spindle pole body. (1995)

KAR1 has been identified as an essential gene which is involved in karyogamy of mating yeast cells and in spindle pole body duplication of mitotic cells (Rose, M. D., and G. R. Fink. 1987. Cell. 48:1047-1060). We investigated the cell cycle-dependent localization of the Kar1 protein (Kar1p) and its interaction with other SPB components. Kar1p is associated with the spindle pole body during the entire cell cycle of yeast. Immunoelectron microscopic studies with anti-Kar1p antibodies or with the monoclonal antibody 12CA5 using an epitope-tagged, functional Kar1p revealed that Kar1p is associated with the half bridge or the bridge of the spindle pole body. Cdc31p, a Ca(2+)-binding protein, was previously identified as the first component of the half bridge of the spindle pole body (Spang, A., I. Courtney, U. Fackler, M. Matzner, and E. Schiebel. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:405-416). Using an in vitro assay we demonstrate that Cdc31p specifically interacts with a short sequence within the carboxyl terminal half of Kar1p. The potential Cdc31p-binding sequence of Kar1p contains three acidic amino acids which are not found in calmodulin-binding peptides, explaining the different substrate specificities of Cdc31p and calmodulin. Cdc31p was also able to bind to the carboxy terminus of Nuflp/Spc110p, another component of the SPB (Kilmartin, J. V., S. L. Dyos, D. Kershaw, and J. T. Finch. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:1175-1184). The association of Kar1p with the spindle pole body was independent of Cdc31p. Cdc31p, on the other hand, was not associated with SPBs of kar1 cells.
Calcium Signaling Pathway Genes <i>RUNX2</i> and <i>CACNA1C</i> Are Associated With Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (2015)

This integrative genomic study confirmed the role of RUNX2 as a potential driver of AS and identified a new AS susceptibility gene, CACNA1C, belonging to the calcium signaling pathway.
Nutrient potential and capacity. III. Minimum value of potassium potential for availability to <i>Trifolium subterraneum</i> in soil and in solution culture (1967)

Plants of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were grown in a range of soils until the supplies of potassium were exhausted. The potassium potential of each soil was then measured by determining the free energy of exchange of potassium for calcium plus magnesium. In soils of very high buffering capacity the potassium potential of the exhausted soil was about –6000 cal/equiv. In soils of lower buffering capacity the potential of the exhausted soil was higher but this may have been an artefact due to release of potassium from fine root material left in the soil at harvest. Subterranean clover plants were also grown in large volumes of well-stirred nutrient solutions which were held at a range of potassium concentrations. Again it was found that the plants were unable to take up potassium when the potassium potential was about –6000 cal/equiv. It is suggested that the potentials were similar because diffusion gradients were negligible in the exhausted soil and also in the swiftly flowing solutions. At potentials above –6000 cal/equiv. availability of potassium appeared to be greater in the solution cultures than in soils. It is suggested that this occurred because, in soils, the uptake of potassium causes the potential at the plant root to be lower than in the bulk of the soil.
Using Walk-SAT and Rel-SAT for cryptographic key search (1999)

Computer security depends heavily on the strength of cryptographic algorithms. Thus, cryptographic key search is often THE search problem for many governments and corporations. In the recent years, AI search techniques have achieved notable successes in solving &quot;real world&quot; problems. Following a recent result which showed that the properties of the U.S. Data Encryption Standard can be encoded in propositional logic, this paper advocates the use of cryptographic key search as a benchmark for propositional reasoning and search. Benchmarks based on the encoding of cryptographic algorithms optimally share the features of &quot;real world&quot; and random problems. In this paper, two state-of-the-art AI search algorithms, Walk-SAT by Kautz &amp; Selman and RelSAT by Bayardo &amp; Schrag, have been tested on the encoding of the Data Encryption Standard, to see whether they are up the task, and we discuss what lesson can be learned from the analysis on this benchmark to improve SAT solver...
A new class of fast shape-adaptive orthogonal transforms and their application to region-based image compression (1999)

Region-based approaches to image and video compression have been very actively explored in the last few years. It is widely expected that they will result in rate/quality gains and expanded functionalities. In such approaches, one of the essential problems is the representation of luminance and color in arbitrarily shaped regions. For rectangular blocks extracted from natural images, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) has been found to perform close to the eigentransform. Although for arbitrarily shaped regions orthogonalization-based procedures have been shown to perform very well, their computational complexity and memory requirements are prohibitive for today's technology. Therefore, other approaches are presently investigated, and particular attention is paid to low implementation complexity. In this paper, we propose a new class of orthogonal transforms that self-adapt to arbitrary shapes. The new algorithms are derived from flow graphs of standard fast transform algorithms by a suitable modification of certain butterfly operators. First, we show how to derive a shape-adaptive transform from the discrete Walsh-Hadamard transform (DWHT) flow graph. Then, we discuss modifications needed to arrive at a DCT-based shape adaptive transform. We give implementation details of this transform, and compare its computational complexity with several well-known approaches. We also evaluate the energy compaction performance of the new transform for both synthetic and natural data. We conclude that the proposed DCT-based shape-adaptive transform gives a very beneficial compaction/complexity ratio compared to other well-known approaches. The complexity of the new method does not exceed the complexity of two nonadaptive DCT's on a circumscribing rectangle, and therefore, unlike other tested methods with comparable energy compaction, it is suitable for large regions. This property should prove very valuable in the future when true region-based image/video compression methods are developed.
<i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Chorismate Mutase 1 Alters Plant Cell Development (2003)

Root-knot nematodes are obligate plant parasites that alter plant cell growth and development by inducing the formation of giant cells for feeding. Nematodes inject secretions from their esophageal glands through their stylet and into plant cells to induce giant cell formation. Meloidogyne javanica chorismate mutase 1 (MjCM-1) is one such esophageal gland protein likely to be secreted from the nematode as giant cells form. MjCM-1 has two domains, an N-terminal chorismate mutase (CM) domain and a C-terminal region of unknown function. It is the N-terminal CM domain of the protein that is the predominant form produced in root-knot nematodes. Transgenic expression of MjCM-1 in soybean hairy roots results in a phenotype of reduced and aborted lateral roots. Histological studies demonstrate the absence of vascular tissue in hairy roots expressing MjCM-1. The phenotype of MjCM-1 expressed at low levels can be rescued by the addition of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indicating MjCM-1 overexpression reduces IAA biosynthesis. We propose MjCM-1 lowers IAA by causing a competition for chorismate, resulting in an alteration of chorismate-derived metabolites and, ultimately, in plant cell development. Therefore, we hypothesize that MjCM-1 is involved in allowing nematodes to establish a parasitic relationship with the host plant.
Phenomena of Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning (1963)

Recent research on pneumatic tire hydroplaning has been collected and summarized with the aim of describing what is presently known about the phenomena of tire hydroplaning. A physical description of tire hydroplaning is given along with formulae for estimating the ground speed at which it occurs. Eight manifestations of tire hydroplaning which have been experimentally observed are presented and discussed. These manifestations are: detachment of tire footprint, hydrodynamic ground pressure, spin-down of wheel, suppression of tire bow wave, scouring action of escaping fluid in tire-ground footprint region, peaking of fluid displacement drag, loss in braking traction, and loss of tire directional stability. The vehicle, pavement, tire, and fluid parameters of importance to tire hydroplaning are listed and described. Finally, the hazards of tire hydroplaning to ground and air-vehicle-ground performance are listed, and procedures are given to minimize these effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub>‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones by Molecular Oxygen. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.