gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Astatine-211 at the Duke University Medical Center for its regional distribution (2016)

Systemic targeted radiation therapy and radioimmunotherapy continue to be important tools in the treatment of certain cancers. Because of their high energy and short path length, alpha particle emitters such as 211At are more effective than either external beam x- ray or in vivo beta radiation in delivering potentially curative doses of radiation. The limited clinical trials that have been conducted to date have yielded encouraging responses in some patients, e.g., malignant brain tumors. In order to escalate the additional necessary research and development in radiochemistry, radiobiology and efficacy evaluation of alpha particle radiotherapeutics, it is universally agreed that access to an affordable, reliable supply of 211At is warranted. In conjunction with the Department of Energy's intent to enhance stable and radioactive isotope availability for research applications, it is the primary objective of this project to improve 211At production and purification capabilities at Duke so that this radionuclide can be supplied to researchers at other institutions throughout the US.The most widely used 211At production method involves the α,2n reaction on Bismuth using a cyclotron with beams ≤ 28 MeV. Yields can be enhanced with use of an internal target that allows for a higher alpha fluence plus efficient heat dissipation in the target. Both of these items are in place at Duke; however, in order to support production for multi-institutional use, irradiation campaigns in excess of 50 µAp and four hours duration will be needed. Further, post-irradiation processing equipment is lacking that will enable the distribution process. Financial support is sought for i) a shielded, ventilated processing/containment hood; ii) development of a post-irradiation target retrieval system; iii) fabrication of a 211At distillation and recovery module and iv) a performance review and, where needed, an enhancement of seven major subsystems that comprise the CS-30 Cyclotron. With these modifications in place, routine production of ≥200 mCi of At-211 should be readily achievable, given our methodological development of At-211 target preparation, internal target irradiation and dry distillation to recover the radionuclide.
New Species in the Empoasca Fabae Complex (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)1 (1957)

The source of spring populations of the potato leaf hopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), in the eastern and midwestern United States has invited much speculation during recent years. Until our present studies, the species was considered to be extremely wide-ranging, with abundant records supposedly of this species from Canada to Argentina. As a result of this concept, the possibility appeared to exist that Caribbean, Central American, or even South American winter populations of Empoasca fabae might serve as a source of spring wind-borne migrations into the United States. The thought occurred to us that, if fabae had such a large range, it might exhibit local or subspecific morphological types which would “label” suspected spring migrants as to their general area of origin. In an effort to obtain clues bearing on this problem, we embarked on a study of large samples of fabae from various tropical localities.
Krüppel-like Factor 5 Causes Cartilage Degradation through Transactivation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (2008)

Although degradation of cartilage matrix has been suggested to be a rate-limiting step for endochondral ossification during skeletal development, little is known about the transcriptional regulation. This study investigated the involvement of KLF5 (Krüppel-like factor 5), an Sp/KLF family member, in the skeletal development. KLF5 was expressed in chondrocytes and osteoblasts but not in osteoclasts. The heterozygous deficient (KLF5+/-) mice exhibited skeletal growth retardation in the perinatal period. Although chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation were normal, cartilage matrix degradation was impaired in KLF5+/- mice, causing delay in replacement of cartilage with bone at the primary ossification center in the embryonic limbs and elongation of hypertrophic chondrocyte layer in the neonatal growth plates. Microarray analyses identified MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) as a transcriptional target, since it was strongly up-regulated by adenoviral transfection of KLF5 in chondrogenic cell line OUMS27. The KLF5 overexpression caused gelatin degradation by stimulating promoter activity of MMP9 without affecting chondrocyte differentiation or vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the culture of chondrogenic cells; however, in osteoclast precursors, it affected neither MMP9 expression nor osteoclastic differentiation. KLF5 dysfunction by genetic heterodeficiency or RNA interference was confirmed to cause reduction of MMP9 expression in cultured chondrogenic cells. MMP9 expression was decreased in the limbs of KLF5+/- embryos, which was correlated with suppression of matrix degradation, calcification, and vascularization. We conclude that KLF5 causes cartilage matrix degradation through transcriptional induction of MMP9, providing the first evidence that transcriptional regulation of a proteinase contributes to endochondral ossification and skeletal development.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Nasal Carriage and Infection in Patients on Hemodialysis (1986)

We conducted a five-year prospective controlled study of prophylaxis of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection among patients in a hemodialysis unit. Carriers tended to have chronic colonization with a single phage type. S. aureus infections occurred significantly more frequently in carriers than in noncarriers and, in 93 percent of the infected carriers, were caused by the same phage type as that carried in the nares. Neither intravenous vancomycin nor topical bacitracin was found to be efficacious in eradicating nasal carriage. However, oral rifampin given for five days decreased S. aureus carriage over a one-month follow-up period, but within three months colonization of the nares recurred in most carriers, often with an S. aureus of the original phage type. Carriers were then randomly assigned to receive either rifampin or no prophylaxis. Rifampin was readministered at three-month intervals if culture of the anterior nares yielded S. aureus. Infections with S. aureus occurred significantly more frequently in carriers given no prophylaxis than in those given a full course of rifampin. S. aureus resistant to rifampin was isolated from the anterior nares of four patients, but these isolates were not implicated in any infections. The incidence of infection at the dialysis access site, skin, and soft tissue of patients on hemodialysis can be decreased by interventions directed at nasal carriage of S. aureus.
X-Ray Difraction Pattern of Graphite Oxide (2013)

X-ray diffraction patterns of graphite oxide (GO) are theoretically simulated as a function of the displacements of carbon atoms using the Debye—Waller factor in terms of the Warren—Bodenstein equation. The results demonstrate that GO has the turbostratically stacked structure. The high order (00l) peaks gradually disappear with the increase in atomic thermal vibrations along c-axis while the (hk0) ones weaken for the vibrations along a-axis. When the displacement deviation ua = 0.015 nm and uc = 0.100 nm the computed result is consistent with the experimental measurements.
Relative affinity of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A for carbon monoxide and oxygen. (1974)

The relative affinity constants of hemolysates from individuals with hemoglobins A, S, or AS have been measured at 37 and 26 ° C. Observed values of all hemoglobin types were the same at both temperatures, K 37 = 230, K 26 = 296. Control measurements on whole blood containing Hb A gave values of K 37 = 222. The small but significant difference between K 37 values measured in whole blood and in hemolysates may be a result of the greater increase of MetHb in the hemolysates during the in vitro equilibration.
Super-Imposed Training Scheme for Timing and Frequency Synchronization in OFDM Systems (2007)

In this paper, a super-imposed scheme for timing and frequency synchronization is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed architecture includes a pre-defined pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, which is added to both the OFDM symbol and the cyclic prefix (CP) in time domain. In contrast to existing synchronization schemes, the proposed architecture has the advantage of better bandwidth utilization since it does not require extra pilot symbols. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is also significantly decreased. Both the timing and frequency offset estimators are derived using the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Efficiencies of the estimators are analyzed mathematically in AWGN channels. Simulation experiments are also conducted in frequency selective fading channels. Moreover, the optimal power allocation factor of the PN sequence is determined by minimizing the bit error rate using simulation experiments
Possible New Antiaging Strategies Related to Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions (2008)

The aging process demonstrates gradual and spontaneous changes, resulting in maturation through childhood, puberty and young adulthood, and then decline through middle and late age. However, animals and humans are capable of reaching the extreme limit of life span characteristic for the species with a very efficient network of antiaging mechanisms. Among them, neuroendocrine-immune interactions play a pivotal role. The loss of the capacity of the organism in remodeling the neuroendocrine-immune response leads to the appearance of age-associated pathologies. We herein report some substances which can be proposed as new antiaging strategies because of their capacity to remodel some biological functions in old animals and humans. These substances are: L-deprenyl, leptin, ghrelin, carnosine and NO donors. Their role as possible antiaging strategies in healthy people in relation to neuroendocrine-immune responses and zinc ion bioavailability is reported and discussed.
Daple is a novel non-receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling (2015)

Wnt signaling is essential for tissue homeostasis and its dysregulation causes cancer. Wnt ligands trigger signaling by activating Frizzled receptors (FZDRs), which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. However, the mechanisms of G protein activation in Wnt signaling remain controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that FZDRs activate G proteins and trigger non-canonical Wnt signaling via the Dishevelled-binding protein, Daple. Daple contains a Gα-binding and activating (GBA) motif, which activates Gαi proteins and an adjacent domain that directly binds FZDRs, thereby linking Wnt stimulation to G protein activation. This triggers non-canonical Wnt responses, that is, suppresses the β-catenin/TCF/LEF pathway and tumorigenesis, but enhances PI3K-Akt and Rac1 signals and tumor cell invasiveness. In colorectal cancers, Daple is suppressed during adenoma-to-carcinoma transformation and expressed later in metastasized tumor cells. Thus, Daple activates Gαi and enhances non-canonical Wnt signaling by FZDRs, and its dysregulation can impact both tumor initiation and progression to metastasis.
Attenuation of water‐borne coherent noise by application of hyperbolic velocity filtering during the Tau‐<i>p</i>transform (1983)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983Attenuation of water‐borne coherent noise by application of hyperbolic velocity filtering during the Tau‐ p transformAuthors: Ilkka NoponenJoe KeeneyIlkka NoponenPetty‐Ray Geophysical and Joe KeeneyPetty‐Ray Geophysicalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893911 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893911FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1983 Pages: 646 publication data© 1983 Copyright © 1983 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Ilkka Noponen and Joe Keeney, (1983), "Attenuation of water‐borne coherent noise by application of hyperbolic velocity filtering during the Tau‐ p transform," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 265-266. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893911 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
TN3270 Extensions for LUname and Printer Selection (1994)

This document describes protocol extensions to TN3270.There are two extensions outlined in this document.The first defines a way by which a TN3270 client can request a specific device (LUname) from a TN3270 server.The second extension specifies how a TN3270 printer device can be requested by a TN3270 client and the manner in which the 3270 printer status information can be sent to the TN3270 server.Discussions and suggestions for improvements to these enhancements should be sent to the TN3270E Working Group mailing list TN3270E@list.nih.gov .These extensions will be called TN3287 in this document.This information is being provided to members of the Internet community that want to support the 3287 data stream within the TELNET protocol.
Selected reaction monitoring applied to proteomics (2011)

Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) performed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers has been the reference quantitative technique to analyze small molecules for several decades. It is now emerging in proteomics as the ideal tool to complement shotgun qualitative studies; targeted SRM quantitative analysis offers high selectivity, sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. However, SRM applied to proteomics presents singularities that distinguish it from small molecules analysis. This review is an overview of SRM technology and describes the specificities and the technical aspects of proteomics experiments. Ongoing developments aiming at increasing multiplexing capabilities of SRM are discussed; they dramatically improve its throughput and extend its field of application to directed or supervised discovery experiments.
The nucleotide sequence of<i>gre</i>A, a suppressor gene that restores growth of an<i>Escherichia coli</i>RNA polymerase mutant at high temperature (1990)

Journal Article The nucleotide sequence of gre A, a suppressor gene that restores growth of an Escherichia coli RNA polymerase mutant at high temperature Get access Jason Sparkowski, Jason Sparkowski Department of Microbiology, University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmington, CT 06030, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Asis Das Asis Das * Department of Microbiology, University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmington, CT 06030, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 21, 21 November 1990, Page 6443, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.21.6443 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 21 September 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
37.2: Gyricon Electric Paper (1998)

Abstract The requirements for practical electronic paper are discussed. It is shown that the Gyricon is a strong candidate for such electronic paper applications. The means for addressing Gyricon sheets using a stylus array and patterned conductive islands is discussed.
Immune response in rhesus macaques after mixed modality immunisations with DNA, recombinant adenovirus and recombinant gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (2006)

The establishment of effective regimens for a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is urgently needed. In the present study we have produced HIV-1 gp120 from a vaccine-relevant primary R5 isolate in recombinant vaccinia (rVV)-infected Vero cells. We have investigated the effect of boosting with this protein in mixed modality immunisations of rhesus macaques following different immunisation. As reported earlier, animals were primed with codon-optimised HIV-1(BX08)env DNA delivered as plasmid or as replication-deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (rAd5), which both induced specific antibody and cellular immune responses (1). Boosting with rAd5 temporarily had increased the anti-gp120 antibody titres approximately 1 log (rAd5+rAd5) or 3 log (DNA+rAd5) (1). However, secondary rAd5 boosting showed less effect due to the induced vector-specific immunity. To further boost the antibody response, the rgp120(BX08) was injected with Quadri A saponin adjuvant. The protein boosting resulted in a 1-2 log antibody increase and also boosting of the cell-mediated immune response. Neutralising antibodies to the heterologous HIV-1(MN) were detected; however, neutralising antibodies to the primary HIV-1(Bx08) isolate were seen only transiently after rAd5 but not the rgp120 immunisation. It is concluded that the rgp120(Bx08) reagent from rVV-infected Vero cells is functional and immunogenic in macaques, inducing both antibody and cellular immunity. The rgp120(Bx08) is a relevant model antigen that may be used to boost antibody and cellular immunity in mixed modality vaccine regimens against HIV-1 in higher animals.
Mutational analysis of an archaebacterial promoter: essential role of a TATA box for transcription efficiency and start-site selection in vitro. (1990)

By using a recently developed in vitro transcription assay, the 16S/23S rRNA-encoding DNA promoter from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus sp. B12 was dissected by deletion and linker substitution mutagenesis. The analysis of 5' and 3' deletion mutants defined a core promoter region between positions -38 and -2 containing all information for efficient and specific transcription. Further characterization of this region by linker substitution mutagenesis indicated two sequence elements important for promoter function--one located between positions -38 and -25 (distal promoter element) and the other one located between positions -11 and -2 (proximal promoter element). The distal promoter element encompassed the TATA-like "box A" element located approximately 26 nucleotides upstream of the majority of transcription start sites in archaebacteria (Archaeobacteria). All mutations within this box A motif virtually abolished promoter function. Complete inactivation of the proximal promoter element was dependent on extensive mutagenesis; this element is not conserved between archaebacterial promoters except for a high A + T content in stable RNA gene promoters from Sulfolobus. Mutants containing insertions or deletions between the distal and proximal promoter elements were only slightly affected in their transcription efficiency but displayed a shift in their major initiation site, retaining an essentially fixed distance between the distal promoter element and the transcription start site. Thus, efficient transcription and start-site selection were dependent on a conserved TATA-like sequence centered approximately 26 nucleotides upstream of the initiation site, a situation unlike that of eubacterial promoters but resembling the core structure of most eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (and some RNA polymerase III) promoters. This finding suggests a common evolutionary origin of these promoters consistent with the known similarities between archaebacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Lipoxygenase‐2 Oxygenates Storage Lipids in Embryos of Germinating Barley (1997)

Besides the pre-existing lipoxygenase (LOX-1) present in quiescent grains, a new lipoxygenase (LOX-2) is induced in embryos of germinating barley [Holtman, W. L., Van Duijn, G., Sedee, N. J. A. & Douma, A. C. (1996) Plant Physiol. 111, 569-576]. The fact that LOX-1 and LOX-2 form different products after incubation with linoleic acid, the (9S)- and (13S)-hydroperoxides, respectively [Van Aarle, P. G. M., De Barse, M. M. J., Veldink, G. A. & Vliegenthart, J. F. G. (1991) FEBS Lett. 280, 159-162; Doderer, A., Kokkelink, I., Van der Veen, S., Valk, B. E., Schram, A. W. & Douma, A. C. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1120, 97-104], and differ in temporal expression, suggests different physiological functions for the two isoenzymes at the onset of germination. We aimed to obtain more information about these functions by studying the substrate and product specificities of both isoenzymes. Analyses of the products formed from linoleic acid confirmed that LOX-1 oxygenated at C9, and LOX-2 at C13. When testing more complex substrates, it was found that both LOX-1 and LOX-2 were capable of metabolizing esterified fatty acids. Km values from both isoenzymes for free fatty acids were much lower than for esterified fatty acids (7-35-fold for LOX-1 versus 2-8-fold for LOX-2). Interestingly, LOX-1 showed significantly higher Km values for esterified fatty acids than did LOX-2. This was reflected by analyses of the products formed from di- and tri-linoleoylglycerol; LOX-2 formed higher amounts of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids within the esterified lipids than did LOX-1, with a corresponding larger extent of oxygenation. In order to identify potential endogenous substrates, we analyzed free and esterified lipids in total lipid extracts from barley after different periods of germination for LOX-derived products. The results indicated that esterified fatty acids were preferentially metabolized by LOX-2 activity. Analysis of the positional specificity within the lipids after alkaline hydrolysis revealed that only (13S)-hydroxy derivatives were formed, indicating the in vivo action of LOX-2. These data show that LOX-2 is capable of oxygenating storage lipids and suggest that during the onset of germination LOX-2 may be involved in oxygenation of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids in barley seeds. We suggest that the oxygenation of these lipids precedes the onset of their catabolism and that the degradation product, (9Z,11E,13S)-13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, serves as an endogenous substrate for beta-oxidation and therefore as a carbon source for the growing barley embryo.
B- <i>myb</i> Promoter Retargeting of Herpes Simplex Virus γ34.5 Gene-Mediated Virulence toward Tumor and Cycling Cells (1999)

Deletion of the gamma34.5 gene coding for virulence markedly reduces cytotoxicity mediated by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (J. M. Markert et al., Neurosurgery 32:597-603, 1993; N. S. Markovitz et al. , J. Virol. 71:5560-5569, 1997). To target lytic virulence to tumors, we have created a novel HSV-1 mutant, designated Myb34.5. This viral mutant is characterized by a deletion of the gene for infected cell polypeptide 6 (ICP6; also known as UL39 or ribonucleotide reductase) and of the two endogenous copies of the gamma34.5 gene (RL1) and by reintroduction of one copy of gamma34.5 under control of the E2F-responsive, cellular B-myb promoter. On direct intracerebral inoculation in BALB/c mice, the 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) for Myb34.5 was 2.7 x 10(7) PFU while that for HSVs with mutations in the gamma34.5 gene could not be technically achieved with available viral stocks and it was estimated as >1 x 10(7) PFU. The LD(50) for an HSV with a single defect in ICP6 function was 1.3 x 10(6) PFU. Conversely, Myb34.5's oncolytic efficacy against a variety of human glioma cells in culture and in vivo was enhanced compared to that of HSVs with gamma34.5 mutations, and in fact, it was comparable to that of the wild-type F strain and of viral mutants that possess a wild-type gamma34.5 gene. The characteristic shutoff of host protein synthesis, occurring after infection of human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells by gamma34.5 mutant viruses (J. Chou and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:3266-3270, 1992), was not present after infection with Myb34.5. There was an increase of almost 3 logarithmic units in the production of progeny virus in arrested fibroblasts compared to that in cycling fibroblasts infected with Myb34.5. These results suggest that transcriptional regulation of gamma34.5 by cell cycle-regulated promoters can be used to target HSV-1 virulence toward tumors while maintaining the desirable neuroattenuated phenotype of a gamma34.5 mutant.