gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Perfect Wellbore! (2005)

Abstract Wellbore quality is a term frequently used in the drilling community; however its meaning is not well understood, its context frequently confused and its value underestimated. For most drilling engineers, a quality wellbore is one associated with a directionally drilled borehole that is smooth, in-gauge, and has minimal spiralling. The claimed benefits of such a wellbore includes improved drilling performance, ease of running casing, better logging tool response, and highly competent cement jobs. To date it has been too difficult or too complex to relate such benefits to wellbore quality in a meaningful and measurable way. In order to reduce existing subjectivity, a procedure has been devised whereby wellbore quality can be measured in a practicable way. This resulting process is embedded in what is called the Wellbore Quality Scorecard (WQS). The system works by individually scoring drilling, tripping-out and casing running responses for any drilled hole section. A total score ranging from 0 to 20 is computed, where 20 is considered to be "The Perfect Wellbore". This represents significantly better than expected torque and drag responses from drilling, tripping-out of hole and casing running. Practical applications of the WQS are demonstrated on both horizontal and extended-reach wells.
Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Alpha A Interferon Following IV Infusion and Bolus, IM, and PO Administrations to African Green Monkeys (1984)

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant alpha A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) were studied following an intravenous (iv) bolus, 60 min infusion, intramuscular (im), and oral administrations to four African Green monkeys. Each monkey received 3 X 10(6) units/kg of rIFN-alpha A parenterally and 6 X 10(6) units/kg orally. Blood samples were collected and the serum was separated and analyzed for rIFN-alpha A concentrations by an enzyme immunoassay, ELISA. No significant changes in clinical chemistry values resulted from rIFN-alpha A administration. There were no measurable rIFN-alpha A concentrations (less than 20 pg/ml) following oral administration. Serum rIFN-alpha A concentrations declined rapidly in a biphasic manner following iv bolus and infusion doses and were described by a single pharmacokinetic model. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) ranged from 0.034 to 0.31 l/kg after iv infusion. Total clearance ranged from 4.5 to 19 ml/min, which is about 75% the estimated inulin clearance in monkeys, suggesting glomerular filtration without reabsorption. The elimination half-life ranged from 1.8 to 4.8 h. A prolonged absorption profile was seen following im administration and the systemic bioavailability was 93% when compared with intravenous infusion. The overall disposition of rIFN-alpha A is comparable to the disposition of other interferons in both animals and humans. The monkey appears to be a suitable pharmacokinetic model for the testing of rIFN-alpha A and could be useful in conjunction with a viral efficacy model.
Categorical Clustering By Converting Associated Information (2007)

Lacking an inherent "natural" dissimilarity measure between objects in categorical dataset presents special difficulties in clustering analysis. However, each categorical attributes from a given dataset provides natural probability and information in the sense of Shannon. In this paper, we proposed a novel method which heuristically converts categorical attributes to numerical values by exploiting such associated information. We conduct an experimental study with real-life categorical dataset. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Effect of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms (2003)

Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor can intervene in CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats, in which potential mechanisms may be decreasing the production of TGF-beta1, reducing the production of collagen, preventing the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and inhibiting the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA, alpha1(I) mRNA and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger mRNA.
Nitric Oxide Regulates Local Arterial Distensibility In Vivo (2002)

These results demonstrate, for the first time, that basal NO production influences large-artery distensibility. In addition, exogenous acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate both increase arterial distensibility, the former mainly through NO production. This may help explain why conditions that exhibit endothelial dysfunction are also associated with increased arterial stiffness. Therefore, reversal of endothelial dysfunction or drugs that are large-artery vasorelaxants may be effective in reducing large-artery stiffness in humans, and thus cardiovascular risk.
An architecture for creating and managing virtual networks (2013)

Reducing operational costs and increasing energy efficiency are critical for mobile operators. One accepted way to tackle these issues is to make use of virtualization to share the same physical infrastructure among several virtual networks. However, sharing physical infrastructure presents a number of challenges, such as security issues, conflicting hardware control, and fair resource sharing. In our earlier work, we analyzed these challenges and demonstrated how virtualized mobile operator networks can address them. However, to create and manage virtual mobile networks, an automated configuration system is required. This system must incorporate the diverse nature of technology, ownership, and geographic domains into an overarching single virtual network. This paper discusses the main challenges in creating such an architecture. We then present our proposed architecture and describe how it meets these challenges. To conclude, we present our experiences in the real-world implementation of this architecture.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in fibroblast growth factor 23 gene, <i> <scp>FGF</scp> 23 </i> , are associated with prostate cancer risk (2013)

This is the first study showing that genetic variations in FGF23 increase prostate cancer susceptibility.
Pro C# 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform (2007)

This third edition overviews the C# language, then transitions to technical and architectural issues crucial to .NET developers. Troelsen provides extensive coverage of the .NET Framework, and enlightens programmers about subtle topics like proper use of threads and leveraging new .NET remoting protocol.
Dynamic quantitative phase imaging for biological objects using a pixelated phase mask (2012)

This paper describes research in developing a dynamic quantitative phase imaging microscope providing instantaneous measurements of dynamic motions within and among live cells without labels or contrast agents. It utilizes a pixelated phase mask enabling simultaneous measurement of multiple interference patterns derived using the polarization properties of light to track dynamic motions and morphological changes. Optical path difference (OPD) and optical thickness (OT) data are obtained from phase images. Two different processing routines are presented to remove background surface shape to enable quantification of changes in cell position and volume over time. Data from a number of different moving biological organisms and cell cultures are presented.
Expression and functional analysis of PGRMC1 in breast cancer (2008)

5178 Background:  In a proteomic screening approach we identified progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) as a protein upregulated in frozen ER-negative breast cancer tissue samples making PGRMC1 a potential therapeutic target. PGRMC1 is a 28kDa protein consisting of 194 amino acids and belongs to the “membrane-associated progesterone receptor” (MAPR) protein family.  Aim:  The aim of this project is to characterize the potential biological function of PGRMC1 and its expression in breast cancer.  Material and Methods:  Structure analysis was performed (http://scansite.mit.edu/motifscan_id.phtml) under high and medium stringency to identify protein motifs predicted for PGRMC1. Based on these predicted motifs PGRMC1-variants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were stably transfected with the corresponding expression plasmids. Several PGRMC1-specific hybridoma were generated and tested by western blot analysis. Multiple immune fluorescence for PGRMC1, estrogen receptor alpha and the hypoxia marker glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) was applied to label tissue microarrays containing different breast cancer specimen. Additionally, posttranslational modification of PGRMC1 was investigated by phosphatase treatment of tissue lysates. Functional analysis was performed by stimulating transfected MCF-7 cells with a membrane-impermeable pro-gesterone:BSA:fluoresceinisothiocyanate conjugate followed by analysis of cell proliferation by measuring the cellular ATP content.  Results:  PGRMC1 contains a cytochrome b5 domain and several protein interaction domains making it a possible signalling adaptor protein. Further, PGRMC1 is posttranslationally modified. Stimulation of PGRMC1 expressing MCF-7 cells resulted in an increased proliferation compared to control cells grown in growth factor and hormone reduced medium. Western blot analysis of hybridoma produced a PGRMC1-specific signal at the predicted molecular weight of 28 kDa which is not detected after preincubation of the hybridoma with recombinant PGRMC1 protein. In immune fluorescence analysis of breast cancer tissue sections presumably myoepithelial cells were highly positive for PGRMC1. Besides that PGRMC1 expression was upregulated in Glut1 positive, hypoxic areas in ductal carcinoma in situ of comedo type.  Conclusion:  These data indicate that PGRMC1 is expressed in breast cancer and might functionally play a role in cell proliferation. Further determination of the so far poorly defined role of PGRMC1 in cancer biology could prove to be of great relevance to clinical cancer therapists.
Size-controlled growth of ZnO nanowires by catalyst-free high-pressure pulsed laser deposition and their optical properties (2011)

Single crystalline ZnO nanowires were fabricated on Si (100) substrates by catalyst-free high-pressure pulsed laser deposition. It is found that the nanowires start to form when the substrate temperature and growth pressure exceed the critical values of 700 oC and 700 Pa, and their size strongly depends on these growth conditions. That is, the aspect ratio of the nanowires decreases with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure. Such a size dependence on growth conditions was discussed in terms of surface migration and scattering of ablated atoms. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO nanowires shows a dominant near-band-edge emission peak at 3.28 eV and a visible emission band centered at 2.39 eV. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies reveal that the former consists of the acceptor-bound exciton and free exciton emissions; while the latter varies in intensity with the aspect ratio of the nanowires and is attributed to the surface-mediated deep level emission.
A modular multilevel PWM inverter for medium-voltage motor drives (2009)

This paper presents a modular multilevel PWM inverter for medium-voltage motor drives, focusing on its control method and operating performance. It is especially suitable for fans, blowers, pumps, and compressors, the load torque of which is proportional to a square of rotating speed. Particular attention is paid to dc-capacitor voltage fluctuation of each chopper-cell because it may affect the voltage rating of power switching devices used. This paper derives theoretical equations related to an amount of the voltage fluctuation. A laboratory system rated at 400 V and 15 kW is designed and built up to confirm the validity and effectiveness of the nine-level (17-level in line-toline) PWM inverter intended for medium-voltage motor drives.
Continuous Authentication Using Eye Movement Response of Implicit Visual Stimuli (2018)

Smart head-worn or head-mounted devices, including smart glasses and Virtual Reality (VR) headsets, are gaining popularity. Online shopping and in-app purchase from such headsets are presenting new e-commerce opportunities to the app developers. For convenience, users of these headsets may store account login, bank account and credit card details in order to perform quick in-app purchases. If the device is unattended, then an attacker, which can include insiders, can make use of the stored account and banking details to perform their own in-app purchases at the expense of the legitimate owner. To better protect the legitimate users of VR headsets (or head mounted displays in general) from such threats, in this paper, we propose to use eye movement to continuously authenticate the current wearer of the VR headset. We built a prototype device which allows us to apply visual stimuli to the wearer and to video the eye movements of the wearer at the same time. We use implicit visual stimuli (the contents of existing apps) which evoke eye movements from the headset wearer but without distracting them from their normal activities. This is so that we can continuously authenticate the wearer without them being aware of the authentication running in the background. We evaluated our proposed system experimentally with 30 subjects. Our results showed that the achievable authentication accuracy for implicit visual stimuli is comparable to that of using explicit visual stimuli. We also tested the time stability of our proposed method by collecting eye movement data on two different days that are two weeks apart. Our authentication method achieved an Equal Error Rate of 6.9% (resp. 9.7%) if data collected from the same day (resp. two weeks apart) were used for testing. In addition, we considered active impersonation attacks where attackers trying to imitate legitimate users' eye movements. We found that for a simple (resp. complex) eye tracking scene, a successful attack could be realised after on average 5.67 (13.50) attempts and our proposed authentication algorithm gave a false acceptance rate of 14.17% (3.61%). These results show that active impersonating attacks can be prevented using complex scenes and an appropriate limit on the number of authentication attempts. Lastly, we carried out a survey to study the user acceptability to our proposed implicit stimuli. We found that on a 5-point Likert scale, at least 60% of the respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that our proposed implicit stimuli were non-intrusive.
The Pospieszalski noise model and the imaginary part of the optimum noise source impedance of extrinsic or packaged FET's (1997)

The imaginary part X(S/sub opt/) of the optimum noise impedance for extrinsic or packaged devices is investigated. The analysis modifies the well-known Pospieszalski noise model by applying a series feedback to the source port. A simple expression for X(S/sub opt/) is developed and is verified for extrinsic and packaged devices with a decreasing level of accuracy. The results give further insights into the way the parasitic inductors L/sub g/ and L/sub s/ affect the noise performance of the transistor and can help to design low-noise amplifier with simultaneous signal and noise power match at the input port.
Comment. Photocatalytic reactor design: an example of mass-transfer limitations with an immobilized catalyst (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComment. Photocatalytic reactor design: an example of mass-transfer limitations with an immobilized catalystCraig S. Turchi and David F. OllisCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 23, 6852–6853Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100334a070https://doi.org/10.1021/j100334a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1020Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The role of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) in health and disease: interactions with cells, cartilage and components of synovial fluid. (1994)

Intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan) (HA) is now gaining widespread acceptance for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), even though little is known of its mechanism of action. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HA is able to modulate a variety of cellular functions, suppress the activities of pro-inflammatory mediators and can attenuate the nociceptive response in arthritic joints. However, recent studies with animal models of non-inflammatory OA have questioned the ability of HA to protect articular cartilage degeneration directly. The objective of this review is to examine some aspects of HA chemistry and pharmacology in relation to its interactions with cells, cartilage and the components of synovial fluid.
Microwave-Promoted Heck Coupling Using Ultralow Metal Catalyst Concentrations (2005)

We show that Heck couplings can be performed in water using microwave heating and Pd catalyst concentrations as low as 500 ppb. The methodology is simple; all that is required as the catalyst is a stock solution of palladium.
Spontaneous regeneration of cochlear supporting cells after neonatal ablation ensures hearing in the adult mouse (2014)

Supporting cells in the cochlea play critical roles in the development, maintenance, and function of sensory hair cells and auditory neurons. Although the loss of hair cells or auditory neurons results in sensorineural hearing loss, the consequence of supporting cell loss on auditory function is largely unknown. In this study, we specifically ablated inner border cells (IBCs) and inner phalangeal cells (IPhCs), the two types of supporting cells surrounding inner hair cells (IHCs) in mice in vivo. We demonstrate that the organ of Corti has the intrinsic capacity to replenish IBCs/IPhCs effectively during early postnatal development. Repopulation depends on the presence of hair cells and cells within the greater epithelial ridge and is independent of cell proliferation. This plastic response in the neonatal cochlea preserves neuronal survival, afferent innervation, and hearing sensitivity in adult mice. In contrast, the capacity for IBC/IPhC regeneration is lost in the mature organ of Corti, and consequently IHC survival and hearing sensitivity are impaired significantly, demonstrating that there is a critical period for the regeneration of cochlear supporting cells. Our findings indicate that the quiescent neonatal organ of Corti can replenish specific supporting cells completely after loss in vivo to guarantee mature hearing function.
A new hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin deletion has the breakpoint within the 3' beta-globin gene enhancer (1990)

A new deletion of the beta-globin gene cluster has been characterized in two Italian brothers who are heterozygous carriers of a G gamma A gamma hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequencing of the region encompassing the breakpoint show that the deletion starts 3.2 kilobases (kb) upstream from the delta gene and ends within the enhancer region 3′ to the beta- globin gene. Here the deletion removes one of the four binding sites for an erythroid specific transcriptional factor (NF-E1). The molecular comparison of the new deletion with others of similar size and location but associated with a delta beta-thalassemia phenotype suggests that the residual enhancer element, relocated near gamma genes, may increase the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression above the level observed in delta beta-thalassemia.
High speed deformation and break-up of shaped charge jets (1993)

Jets resulting from shaped charges which contain metal liners are able to penetrate hard or armoured targets. Their penetration performance is related to the density of the jet and target material and also the length to which the jet can elongate. Models that describe the processes involved have generally assumed hydrodynamic fluid flow and as such have been very successful in most cases. However, the break-up of jets has proved to be inconsistent with the fluid flow models and cannot be accurately described. Break-up is important since it is the final phenomenon in tensile deformation and therefore represents the limiting extent of jet elongation. Additionally, following break-up the jet fragments are particularly susceptible to lateral velocities and tumbling which dissipate the jets energy and further reduce its penetration performance. Research by Hunting Engineering Limited has indicated that mechanical properties are related to the jet break-up phenomena. However, the deformation and break-up of shaped charge jets is not well understood from a metallurgical point of view. It is essential that the jet is in the solid state for jet break-up phenomena to be related to the mechanical properties of the liner material. This has been demonstrated here by theoretical analysis and more directly by observation of in-flight and captured jet fragments. A series of experiments have been carried out in order to measure and analyse the deformation and attempt to put forward models for the break-up mechanisms in shaped charge jets. These were based upon a series of selected aluminium and aluminium alloys which were processed and heat treated to produce a range of mechanical properties. The properties under consideration are those which describe the materials strength, elongation and work hardening characteristics at intermediate strain rates under laboratory conditions. These have been used to relate metallurgical details to the nature of jet break-up. The better materials for shaped charge jets would appear to be high purity metals which exhibit large ductility through to fracture.
Platelet Metal Levels in Normal Subjects Determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (1978)

A method has been developed for the estimation of iron, copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium in human platelets using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fe and Cu are either absent or present in very low concentration approaching the limit of detection: Zn, Ca and Mg are readily detectable. EDTA is preferable to ACD(A) or heparin as the anticoagulant for collection in that the platelet yield is reliable: however, slightly low results for Ca and Mg are obtained. Corrections for residual plasma and contaminating red cells are essential. Plasma and platelet metal levels in 33 normal subjects are reported together with the findings in four studies undertaken on platelets obtained from subjects with polycythemia vera.
Magnetization response spectroscopy of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging (2009)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a tomographic imaging modality sensitive to the spatial distribution of magnetic particles. The spectrometer, described in this paper, is capable of measuring the remagnetization spectrum of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. With this spectrometer the suitability of particles, for MPI, can be characterized. Furthermore, the spectrometer can be used to estimate the particle size distribution, which allows for more accurate simulations in MPI.