gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual regulation and redundant function of two eye-specific enhancers of the<i>Drosophila</i>retinal determination gene<i>dachshund</i> (2005)

Drosophila eye development is controlled by a conserved network of retinal determination (RD) genes. The RD genes encode nuclear proteins that form complexes and function in concert with extracellular signal-regulated transcription factors. Identification of the genomic regulatory elements that govern the eye-specific expression of the RD genes will allow us to better understand how spatial and temporal control of gene expression occurs during early eye development. We compared conserved non-coding sequences (CNCSs) between five Drosophilids along the approximately 40 kb genomic locus of the RD gene dachshund (dac). Our analysis uncovers two separate eye enhancers in intron eight and the 3' non-coding regions of the dac locus defined by clusters of highly conserved sequences. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses suggest that the 3' eye enhancer is synergistically activated by a combination of eya, so and dpp signaling, and only indirectly activated by ey, whereas the 5' eye enhancer is primarily regulated by ey, acting in concert with eya and so. Disrupting conserved So-binding sites in the 3' eye enhancer prevents reporter expression in vivo. Our results suggest that the two eye enhancers act redundantly and in concert with each other to integrate distinct upstream inputs and direct the eye-specific expression of dac.
Multicenter study of incidence of Mycobacterium marinum in humans in Spain. (2001)

A retrospective survey was carried out on the epidemiological monitoring of the isolation incidence of Mycobacterium marinum in 21 laboratories, in an attempt to gain an insight into the frequency of its isolation in Spain. From 1991 to 1998, 39 cases (22 male and 17 female) of bacteriologically confirmed M. marinum infection were accumulated. The majority of the cases (35) were fish related. The clinical presentation usually suggested sporotrichosis, with the majority of skin eruptions appearing on the hand (32 cases). For treatment, minocycline was recommended as the drug of choice in 12 cases, rifampicin in eight cases and clarithromycin and ethambutol in seven cases.
An Adjusted Current Control System for Signal-injection-based Position Sensorless Control and Parameter Identification (2012)

This paper proposes a current controller for signal-injection-based control schemes such as those for parameter identification and position sensorless control. In a conventional current control system with voltage signal injection, the separation of the injected frequency components from the current is carried out by using band stop filters. However, the separation is not accurate, especially when the system is in the transient state and/or when the current controller bandwidth is close to the injected signal frequency. This leads to the distortion of the transient response and affects the stability of the current control system. The proposed controller estimates the injected frequency components in the current on the basis of a motor model by using the injected signal as the input. Therefore, accurate signal separation is accomplished even in the transient state. Moreover, the current controller's stability and dynamic performance are improved significantly. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method. Factors that play an important role in the implementation of the controller, such as time delay and parameter variation, are discussed.
P(i‐BuNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N: An Efficient Ligand for the Direct α‐Arylation of Nitriles with Aryl Bromides. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ITERATED EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER WITH ADAPTIVE STATE NOISE ESTIMATION FOR ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY (2005)

This work proposes and evaluates the feasibility of the iter ated extended Kalman filter, incorporating an adap- tive noise technique, to solve the inverse problem of Electr ical Impedance Tomography. The study aims at the improve- ment of the method, in order to provide faster and more accura te estimates of the dielectric characteristics of a medium, mandatory requisites in medical applications. A cylindric al phantom filled with saline solution, in which a glass-obje ct is immersed, provides experimental data used to validate th e model. The immersion of the glass-object simulates a step- function perturbation on the medium. Current patterns are i njected and potentials are measured through brass electrod es placed around the border of the phantom. A two-phase identifi cation schema is employed. The approach is shown to be effective in determining the position of the glass-objec t and the contact impedances of the electrodes. Convergence criteria are used to assure correctness of the obtained esti mates.
Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensinogen Reaction by Pepstatin (1972)

Pepstatin, an N-acylated pentapeptide obtained from culture filtrates of actinomycetes and first characterized as an inhibitor of pepsin, produces inhibition of the renin-substrate reaction both in vitro and in vivo.
Benorylate hydrolysis by human plasma and human liver. (1989)

1. Benorylate (4-acetamido phenyl-O-acetylsalicylate) hydrolysis in vitro by human plasma and by human liver microsomes and cytosol has been investigated. 2. Benorylate was hydrolysed by a route involving initial hydrolysis of the acetyl group to yield phenetsal followed by hydrolysis to paracetamol and salicylate. Hydrolysis via acetylsalicylate was minor. 3. Benorylate was more actively hydrolysed by liver cytosol than microsomes and about 10 times faster than plasma. 4. Following a single oral dose benorylate (4 g) to volunteers only salicylate and paracetamol were detected in the plasma. 5. The therapeutic effects of benorylate appear to be mediated by salicylate and paracetamol.
Sketch-based implicit blending (2017)

Implicit models can be combined by using composition operators; functions that determine the resulting shape. Recently, gradient-based composition operators have been used to express a variety of behaviours including smooth transitions, sharp edges, contact surfaces, bulging, or any combinations. The problem for designers is that building new operators is a complex task that requires specialized technical knowledge. In this work, we introduce an automatic method for deriving a gradient-based implicit operator from 2D drawings that prototype the intended visual behaviour. To solve this inverse problem, in which a shape defines a function, we introduce a general template for implicit operators. A user's sketch is interpreted as samples in the 3D operator's domain. We fit the template to the samples with a non-rigid registration approach. The process works at interactive rates and can accommodate successive refinements by the user. The final result can be applied to 3D surfaces as well as to 2D shapes. Our method is able to replicate the effect of any blending operator presented in the literature, as well as generating new ones such as non-commutative operators. We demonstrate the usability of our method with examples in font-design, collision-response modeling, implicit skinning, and complex shape design.
Gate-Tunable Large Negative Tunnel Magnetoresistance in Ni–C<sub>60</sub>–Ni Single Molecule Transistors (2013)

We have fabricated single C(60) molecule transistors with ferromagnetic Ni leads (FM-SMTs) by using an electrical break junction method and investigated their magnetotransport. The FM-SMTs exhibited clear gate-dependent hysteretic tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) and the TMR values reached as high as -80%. The polarity of the TMR was found to be always negative over the entire bias range studied here. Density functional theory calculations show that hybridization between the Ni substrate states and the C(60) molecular orbitals generates an antiferromagnetic configuration in the local density of states near the Fermi level, which gives a reasonable explanation for the observed negative TMR.
Live Electrooptic Imaging of $W$-Band Waves (2010)

A novel method for real-time visual observation of traveling -band waves is described. Wave images and movies are acquired by a live electrooptic imaging (LEI) camera equipped with an optical source that emits signals modulated at a local oscillator (LO) frequency in the -band range. Waves propagating in a slab waveguide made of a semiconductor plate as well as in the air are successfully visualized. Especially in this paper, -band wave images for the aerial propagation in a variety of forms are presented: spherical and plane waves together with some fundamental wave phenomena such as reflection, interference, and diffraction at metal-air interfaces. The principle of 100-GHz optical LO signal generation at the optical wavelength of 780 nm as well as performance parameters such as the spatial resolution, bandwidth, and dynamic range of the camera are discussed. Further, some preliminary applications of the scheme are presented.
A new algorithm for coupled solutions of electric, magnetic and mechanical systems in dynamic simulation of solenoid actuators (1990)

An algorithm is presented for the simultaneous solutions of the coupled electric, magnetic, and mechanical problems in the dynamic simulation of a solenoid actuator. The transient nonlinear field in the coupled problem is analyzed using the finite-element (FE) method, which considers the effects of saturation, eddy current, and armature movement in the actuator. The nonlinear electronic circuit is represented by equivalent circuit equations that are coupled to the FE equations and are solved simultaneously with them in an iterative manner. Dynamic responses of the solenoid actuator predicted by using this algorithm agree closely with experimental results. The advantage of this method is that its principle is applicable to general types of power electronic devices. With suitable modifications, it can be used to simulate the dynamic responses of power-electronic-controlled electric machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>N</i> -Methyl-d-Aspartate Antagonist MK801 Improves Outcome Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: Behavioral, Anatomic, and Neurochemical Studies (1988)

Antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitatory amino acid receptors limits tissue damage after experimental cerebral ischemia. Spinal cord trauma leads to a progressive decline in blood flow that is associated with secondary tissue damage. In the present studies, we evaluated the hypothesis that NMDA receptor activation contributes to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury by examining the effects of the NMDA antagonist MK801 after impact trauma to rat thoracic spinal cords. MK801, in doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg administered intravenously (IV) at 15 min after trauma, improved long-term neurologic recovery. At a dose of 1.0 mg/kg, the drug reduced histologic changes as well as alterations in certain tissue cations found after spinal trauma. These findings suggest that excitotoxins contribute to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and that early treatment with NMDA antagonists may reduce posttraumatic tissue damage.
Electro-optical imaging system performance measurement (2003)

The minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD), the minimum resolvable contrast (MRC), and the triangle orientation discrimination (TOD) are end-to-end EO system performance measures; that is, laboratory measures that characterize EO system performance with a human observer in the loop. Such system performance measures are used: 1) to verify if a system is working properly; 2) to compare competing sensor systems; or 3) to predict field performance. The MRTD or MRT is defined in NATO STANAG 4349 (NATO Standard Agreement[1]). The primary measure of performance for IR/EO imaging systems is the MRT/MRC. It is a visual acuity test that combines sensitivity and resolution in a manner that reflects human performance through a sensor. Basically, a standard periodic four-bar pattern on a uniform background (Fig. 1) is presented to an observer using the camera under test. The observer adjusts the lowest contrast at which the four bars can be resolved. The procedure is repeated at several spatial frequencies and yields a relation or threshold curve between spatial frequency and minimum resolvable temperature difference. Theory, application, and measurement method are described elsewhere in this encyclopedia.[2] The TOD is described in detail by Bijl and Valeton.[3,4] A short description is given in this entry.
Problems+Solutions (1986)

Readers are invited to submit questions relating to problem cases. Inquiries will be answered by qualified consultants and replies forwarded by mail promptly. Selected problems and solutions are published every month in this section.
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs (1990)

A Practical, Authoritative CompendiumThis handbook catalogs 365 species of herbs having medicinal or folk medicinal uses, presenting whatever useful information has been documented on their toxicity and utility in humans and ani-mals. Plants from all over the world - from common cultivars to rare species - are included in these 700 pages. The toxicity of these species varies, but the safety of each has been formally or informally questioned by the Food and Drug Administration, National Cancer Institute, Department of Agriculture, Drug Enforcement Administra-tion, or Herb Trade Association. Easy-to-Locate Facts and FiguresDesigned to enable fast access to important information, this hand-book presents information in both catalog and tabular forms. In the catalog section, plants are presented alphabetically by scientific name. (The index permits you to locate an herb by its common name.) A detailed sketch of the chief identifying features accompa-nies most catalog entries. For each species the following information, as available, is presented and referenced: Family and colloquial namesChemical contentUses and applications - present and historicalProcessing, distribution, and economic potentialToxicological agents and degree of toxicityPoison symptoms in humans and animalsTreatment and antidotes References to original literature Five Tables of Accessible DataGiven a plant species, you can easily determine its toxins; or, given a toxin, you can discover which plants contain it. These and other data are presented in convenient tabular formats as appendixes to the handbook. Other information contained in these tables include toxicity ranking and other toxicity data (as applicable), such as mode of contact, organs affected, and lethal dose; and proximate analyses of selected foods. These tables are titled: Medicinal Herbs: Toxicity Ranking and PricelistToxins: Their Toxicity and Distribution in Plant GeneraHigh Plant Genera and Their ToxinsPharmacologically Active PhytochemicalsProximate Analyses of Conventional Plant Foods
Neuere Ergebnisse bei Hydrierungen von α‐Ketonitrilen und Isonitrosoketonen mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid (Reduktionen mit LiAlH<sub>4</sub>, IX. Mitteil.)<sup>1)</sup> (1955)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von α‐Ketonitrilen und Isonitrosoketonen mit LiAlH 4 führt in guter Ausbeute zu den entsprechenden Aminoalkoholen. Die partiellen Reduktionen von α‐Ketonitrilen bei tieferer Temperatur ergaben als Nebenprodukt N ‐acylierte Aminoalkohole, eine Feststellung, die uns veranlaßte, α‐Ketonitrile als spezifische Acylierungsmittel für Aminogruppen einzuführen. Als Nebenprodukte bei der partiellen Reduktion von Isonitrosoketonen entstehen N ‐Oximäther.
Immunotherapy in Food Allergy (2010)

Food allergies are caused by immune responses to food proteins and represent a breakdown of oral tolerance. They can range from mild pruritus to life-threatening anaphylaxis. The only current consensus for treatment is food avoidance, which is fraught with compliance issues. For this reason, there has been recent interest in immunotherapy, which may induce desensitization and possibly even tolerance. Through these effects, immunotherapy may decrease the potential for adverse serious reactions with accidental ingestions while potentially leading to an overall health benefit. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of food allergy and give an overview of the various immunotherapeutic options and current supporting evidence, as well as look towards the future of potential novel therapeutic modalities.
Separation of Tocols by HPLC on an Amino-Cyano Polar Phase Column (1985)

Abstract A method is described for separating α-, β-, γ and δ-tocopherols, their corresponding tocoraonoenols and tocotrienols, and plastochromanol-8 on a 5 μm amino-cyano HPLC column using hexane:tetrahydrofuran (94:6) as eluant. The detection limit for α-tocopherol using fluorescence excitation at 210 nm was 1 ng. Results of analysis on six seed oils are presented.
Entity Embedding-based Anomaly Detection for Heterogeneous Categorical Events (2016)

Anomaly detection plays an important role in modern data-driven security applications, such as detecting suspicious access to a socket from a process. In many cases, such events can be described as a collection of categorical values that are considered as entities of different types, which we call heterogeneous categorical events. Due to the lack of intrinsic distance measures among entities, and the exponentially large event space, most existing work relies heavily on heuristics to calculate abnormal scores for events. Different from previous work, we propose a principled and unified probabilistic model APE (Anomaly detection via Probabilistic pairwise interaction and Entity embedding) that directly models the likelihood of events. In this model, we embed entities into a common latent space using their observed co-occurrence in different events. More specifically, we first model the compatibility of each pair of entities according to their embeddings. Then we utilize the weighted pairwise interactions of different entity types to define the event probability. Using Noise-Contrastive Estimation with "context-dependent" noise distribution, our model can be learned efficiently regardless of the large event space. Experimental results on real enterprise surveillance data show that our methods can accurately detect abnormal events compared to other state-of-the-art abnormal detection techniques.
Hardware–Software Codesign of Automatic Speech Recognition System for Embedded Real-Time Applications (2009)

We present a hardware-software coprocessing speech recognizer for real-time embedded applications. The system consists of a standard microprocessor and a hardware accelerator for Gaussian mixture model (GMM) emission probability calculation implemented on a field-programmable gate array. The GMM accelerator is optimized for timing performance by exploiting data parallelism. In order to avoid large memory requirement, the accelerator adopts a double buffering scheme for accessing the acoustic parameters with no assumption made on the access pattern of these parameters. Experiments on widely used benchmark data show that the real-time factor of the proposed system is 0.62, which is about three times faster than the pure software-based baseline system, while the word accuracy rate is preserved at 93.33%. As a part of the recognizer, a new adaptive beam-pruning algorithm is also proposed and implemented, which further reduces the average real-time factor to 0.54 with the word accuracy rate of 93.16%. The proposed speech recognizer is suitable for integration in various types of voice (speech)-controlled applications.
Fine mapping of quantitative trait loci and assessment of positional candidate genes for backfat on bovine chromosome 14 in a commercial line of Bos taurus1 (2003)

Backfat thickness is one of the major quantitative traits that affect carcass quality in beef cattle. In this study, we have fine mapped a QTL for backfat EBV on bovine chromosome 14, using an identical-by-descent haplotype-sharing analysis, in a commercial line of Bos taurus. We also examined the association between gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of the genes diacylgcerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and thyroglobulin (TG) and the backfat EBV. The results indicate that the QTL region for backfat identified on chromosome 14 is in agreement with previous studies. However, neither of the two polymorphisms of candidate genes tested, DGAT1 nor TG, showed a significant (P > 0.10) association with the backfat EBV in the cattle populations examined. However, a strong association (P = 0.0058) was detected between a microsatellite marker (CSSM66) lying approximately mid-way between the two candidate genes and the backfat EBV. These results suggest that other SNP of DGAT1, TG, or other gene(s) in the chromosomal region should be examined to test whether they have a significant effect on lipid metabolism.
The Prodromal Phase of First-episode Psychosis: Past and Current Conceptualizations (1996)

The initial prodrome in psychosis is potentially important for early intervention, identification of biological markers, and understanding the process of becoming psychotic. This article reviews the previous literature on prodrome, including descriptions of symptoms and signs, and patterns and durations of prodromes in both schizophrenic and affective psychoses. Early detailed descriptions, achieved through mainly anecdotal reports, are compared with current conceptualizations, such as the DSM-III-R checklist of mainly behavioral items, which seeks to enhance reliability of measurement but at the expense of adequately describing the full range of phenomena. Current confusion about the nature of prodromal features and concerns regarding the reliability of their measurement are highlighted. This article proposes an alternative model for conceptualizing prodromal changes (the hybrid/interactive model) and discusses the different ways to view this phase. The need for a more systematic evaluation of the prodromal phase in first-episode psychosis is emphasized.
A specific antagonist of platelet-activating factor suppresses oedema formation in an Arthus reaction but not oedema induced by leukocyte chemoattractants in rabbit skin. (1986)

The properties of a novel platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, L-652731, on oedema responses in rabbit skin induced by exogenous inflammatory mediators and by mediators generated endogenously in a reversed passive Arthus reaction have been investigated. Oedema responses in the skin were measured by using the local accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-albumin. The antagonist, mixed with mediators before intradermal injection, caused a dose-dependent suppression of oedema responses to PAF. In contrast, responses induced by other directly acting mediators (bradykinin and histamine) and responses induced by PMN leukocyte-dependent mediators (C5a des Arg, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and leukotriene B4) were not suppressed. Thus, a secondary release of PAF does not appear to be involved in mediating the actions of these agents. In a reversed passive Arthus reaction, intradermal injection of L-652731 together with antibody resulted in a significant inhibition of the oedema formation measured for 2 hr after i.v. antigen challenge. In contrast, oedema responses induced by intradermal injection of preformed immune complexes were not affected by the antagonist. These results suggest that the endogenous production of PAF, in close proximity to microvascular endothelial cells, appears to be an important step in the development of an Arthus reaction. The cellular source of PAF is unknown, but one possibility is the PMN leukocyte, which releases PAF during phagocytosis of immune complexes.