gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PPARdelta Agonist Reduces Amyloid Burden and Brain Inflammation in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimers Disease (2009)

Agonists of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) have been shown to reduce inflammatory responses in several animal models of neurological diseases and conditions and to reduce amyloid burden in transgenic mice expressing mutant forms of human amyloid precursor protein. However, the effects of activating the related receptor PPARdelta (PPARdelta), which is expressed at higher levels in the brain than PPARgamma, on inflammation and amyloid burden have not been explored. In this study we tested the effects of the selective PPARdelta agonist GW742 in 5xFAD mice which harbor 3 mutations in amyloid precursor protein and 2 mutations in presenilin 1, develop plaques by 5-6 weeks of age, and show robust inflammation and neuronal damage. Oral delivery of GW742 significantly reduced amyloid plaque burden in the subiculum region of 3-month old male and female 5xFAD mice. GW742 also significantly reduced astrocyte activation, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects on glia cells. The changes in plaque burden were accompanied by increased expression of the amyloid degrading enzymes neprilysin and insulin degrading enzyme, while in transfected HEK293 cells, GW742 activated a neprilysin promoter driving luciferase expression. These results suggest that, as found for some PPARgamma agonists, PPARdelta agonists can also reduce amyloid burden likely to be mediated by effects on amyloid clearance.
Fast prospective registration of in vivo MR images of trabecular bone microstructure in longitudinal studies (2008)

In micro-MRI studies of trabecular bone designed to evaluate structural changes in response to intervention, follow-up scan volumes do not typically align exactly with the baseline scan volumes due to the orientation and placement of the anatomic location, here the distal tibia, relative to the scanner coordinates. Failure of accurate registration of the follow-up to the baseline images introduces errors due to the inherent anisotropy in the trabecular network and anisotropic voxel size. In this work it is shown that these limitations can be overcome by incorporating on-line prospective registration into the data acquisition protocol. The technique is based on a short 3D localizer scan of 1 mm isotropic resolution prior to acquiring the high-resolution images. During the follow-up exam, localizer images are registered on-site with an algorithm relying on a fast Fourier transform for maximizing the correlation between baseline and follow-up localizers. Transformation parameters obtained in this manner are then fed into the scanner software so that the imaging slab for the high-resolution follow-up images is automatically positioned consistent with that of the baseline scan. Based on phantom and human subject studies it is shown that prospective registration yields very close matching between baseline and follow-up imaging volumes.
Interactions of Phenol and <i>m</i>-Cresol in the Insulin Hexamer, and Their Effect on the Association Properties of B28 Pro → Asp Insulin Analogues (1998)

Insulin's natural tendency to form dimers and hexamers is significantly reduced in a mutant insulin B28 Pro --> Asp, which has been designed as a monomeric, rapid-acting hormone for therapeutic purposes. This molecule can be induced to form zinc hexamers in the presence of small phenolic derivatives which are routinely used as antimicrobial agents in insulin preparations. Two structures of B28 Asp insulin have been determined from crystals grown in the presence of phenol and m-cresol. In these crystals, insulin exists as R6 zinc hexamers containing a number of phenol or m-cresol molecules associated with aromatic side chains at the dimer-dimer interfaces. At the monomer-monomer interfaces, the B28 Pro --> Asp mutation leads to increased conformational flexibility in the B chain C termini, resulting in the loss of important intermolecular van der Waals contacts, thus explaining the monomeric character of B28 Asp insulin. The structure of a cross-linked derivative of B28 Asp insulin, containing an Ala-Lys dipeptide linker between residues B30 Ala and A1 Gly, has also determined. This forms an R6 zinc hexamer containing several m-cresol molecules. Of particular interest in this structure are two m-cresol molecules whose binding disrupted the beta-strand in one of the dimers. This observation suggests that the cross-link introduces mechanical strain on the B chain C terminus, thereby weakening the monomer-monomer interactions.
The <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> master quorum‐sensing regulator, LuxR, a TetR‐type protein is both an activator and a repressor: DNA recognition and binding specificity at target promoters (2008)

Quorum sensing is the process of cell-to-cell communication by which bacteria communicate via secreted signal molecules called autoinducers. As cell population density increases, the accumulation of autoinducers leads to co-ordinated changes in gene expression across the bacterial community. The marine bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, uses three autoinducers to achieve intra-species, intra-genera and inter-species cell-cell communication. The detection of these autoinducers ultimately leads to the production of LuxR, the quorum-sensing master regulator that controls expression of the genes in the quorum-sensing regulon. LuxR is a member of the TetR protein superfamily; however, unlike other TetR repressors that typically repress their own gene expression and that of an adjacent operon, LuxR is capable of activating and repressing a large number of genes. Here, we used protein binding microarrays and a two-layered bioinformatics approach to show that LuxR binds a 21 bp consensus operator with dyad symmetry. In vitro and in vivo analyses of two promoters directly regulated by LuxR allowed us to identify those bases that are critical for LuxR binding. Together, the in silico and biochemical results enabled us to scan the genome and identify novel targets of LuxR in V. harveyi and thus expand the understanding of the quorum-sensing regulon.
Crystal Structure of α-Amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde Decarboxylase: Insight into the Active Site and Catalytic Mechanism of a Novel Decarboxylation Reaction <sup>,</sup> (2006)

Alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) is a widespread enzyme found in many bacterial species and all currently sequenced eukaryotic organisms. It occupies a key position at the branching point of two metabolic pathways: the tryptophan to quinolinate pathway and the bacterial 2-nitrobenzoic acid degradation pathway. The activity of ACMSD determines whether the metabolites in both pathways are converted to quinolinic acid for NAD biosynthesis or to acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle. Here we report the first high-resolution crystal structure of ACMSD from Pseudomonas fluorescens which validates our previous predictions that this enzyme is a member of the metal-dependent amidohydrolase superfamily of the (beta/alpha)(8) TIM barrel fold. The structure of the enzyme in its native form, determined at 1.65 A resolution, reveals the precise spatial arrangement of the active site metal center and identifies a potential substrate-binding pocket. The identity of the native active site metal was determined to be Zn. Also determined was the structure of the enzyme complexed with cobalt at 2.50 A resolution. The hydrogen bonding network around the metal center suggests that Arg51 and His228 may play important roles in catalysis. The metal center configuration of PfACMSD is very similar to that of Zn-dependent adenosine deaminase and Fe-dependent cytosine deaminase, suggesting that ACMSD may share certain similarities in its catalytic mechanism with these enzymes. These data enable us to propose possible catalytic mechanisms for ACMSD which appear to be unprecedented among all currently characterized decarboxylases.
A billing policy for credit customers (1991)

Abstract Firms frequently bill customers on a fixed‐period basis (such as once a month), or on a fixed‐amount basis (whenever the outstanding credit balance reaches a particular amount). We examine here a more flexible procedure, the bill‐or‐carry policy, which uses a simple decision rule and results in lower costs than either the fixed‐period or fixed‐amount procedures. The logic and properties of the bill‐or‐carry policy are compared with those of the fixed‐period and fixed‐amount procedures.
Clinical significance of HIF-2α immunostaining area in radioresistant cervical cancer (2011)

The HIF-2α expression area may have an important role in radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. We conclude that a wider area of hypoxia predicts an increased probability of radioresistance.
Multi-Modal Multi-Scale Deep Learning for Large-Scale Image Annotation (2017)

Image annotation aims to annotate a given image with a variable number of class labels corresponding to diverse visual concepts. In this paper, we address two main issues in large-scale image annotation: 1) how to learn a rich feature representation suitable for predicting a diverse set of visual concepts ranging from object, scene to abstract concept; 2) how to annotate an image with the optimal number of class labels. To address the first issue, we propose a novel multi-scale deep model for extracting rich and discriminative features capable of representing a wide range of visual concepts. Specifically, a novel two-branch deep neural network architecture is proposed which comprises a very deep main network branch and a companion feature fusion network branch designed for fusing the multi-scale features computed from the main branch. The deep model is also made multi-modal by taking noisy user-provided tags as model input to complement the image input. For tackling the second issue, we introduce a label quantity prediction auxiliary task to the main label prediction task to explicitly estimate the optimal label number for a given image. Extensive experiments are carried out on two large-scale image annotation benchmark datasets and the results show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Catalysis with Cation-Exchange Resins (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis with Cation-Exchange ResinsMelvin J. Astle, Joel A. Zaslowsky, and Paul G. LafyatisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 4, 787–791Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50532a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50532a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Stochastic Optimal Operation of Microgrid Based on Chaotic Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (2015)

Based on fuzzy mathematics theory, this paper proposes a fuzzy multi-objective optimization model with related constraints to minimize the total economic cost and network loss of microgrid. Uncontrollable microsources are considered as negative load, and stochastic net load scenarios are generated for taking the uncertainty of their output power and load into account. Cooperating with storage devices of the optimal capacity controllable microsources are treated as variables in the optimization process with the consideration of their start and stop strategy. Chaos optimization algorithm is introduced into binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) to propose chaotic BPSO (CBPSO). Search capability of BPSO is improved via the chaotic search approach of chaos optimization algorithm. Tests of four benchmark functions show that the proposed CBPSO has better convergence performance than BPSO. Simulation results validate the correctness of the proposed model and the effectiveness of CBPSO.
Scalable and Accurate Dialogue State Tracking via Hierarchical Sequence Generation (2019)

Liliang Ren, Jianmo Ni, Julian McAuley. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Fluorotyping of HLA‐C: differential detection of amplicons by sequence‐specific priming and fluorogenic probing (1997)

Conventional PCR-SSP, which is based on an agarose gel-based read-out, has the disadvantages of time-consuming post-PCR steps and low potential for automation. The aim of our study was to sort out these drawbacks by establishing a fluorescence-based PCR-SSP system for HLA-C. The assay relies on the sequence-specific identification of amplicons with individually labeled probes that are cleaved during successful PCR by the 5'-3' exonuclease activity of the Taq-DNA Polymerase. The oligonucleotides are labeled with a unique and spectrally resolvable fluorescent reporter dye at the 5' terminus (FAM or TET) and a common quencher dye at the 3' terminus (TAMRA). In case of amplification, the reporter escapes from the quenching control caused by the physical separation of the dyes, resulting in a significant increase of the reporter fluorescence. This allows simultaneous and differential detection of the specific HLA (FAM) and internal control (TET) product. The HLA-C fluorotyping information is based on the individual reporter fluorescence released by 18 PCR primer mixes. Using this method, we analyzed 145 samples previously typed with conventional PCR-SSP and found a concordance rate of 100%. Furthermore, fluorotyping revealed quantitative results that may indicate the presence of homozygosity by high signal intensities. This provided extra protection not to miss new alleles which are not amplified by the current primer mixes. These features as well as the capability of high sample throughput and the possibility of automation makes fluorotyping an attractive tool for PCR-based HLA typing.
Resistance to Geminivirus Mixed Infections in Mexican Wild Peppers (2003)

Screening for resistance to mixed infections with pepper huasteco virus (PHV) and pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) was carried out on plants representing wild pepper accessions collected in different states of México. One accession collected in Yucatán (BG-3821) corresponded to Capsicum chinense Jacq., and three collected from Michoacán (BG-3818), Tamaulipas (BG-3820), and Sinaloa (BG-3819) were identified as C. annuum L. Forty-eight plants were initially inoculated with a 1:1 mix of PHV and PepGMV DNAs by a biolistic method. Those plants that did not show typical symptoms after the biolistic method, were inoculated by grafting. Half of the plants (24) were highly susceptible, while the other half expressed different degrees of resistance. Of the resistant individuals, eight plants were asymptomatic and viral DNA of both viruses was detected in low levels. Two individuals showed delayed symptoms 34 days after symptom expression in the control plants. This delay was correlated with an increase in PHV DNA levels when plants became symptomatic. The remaining 14 plants showed symptom remission in newly developed leaves at 31 days postinoculation, and this asymptomatic effect was correlated diminished PHV DNA within the plants. Our results suggest that the resistance shown by some individuals to geminivirus mixed infections (PHV and PepGMV) is likely due to constrains in viral movement.
Vestibulospinal Reflexes as a Function of Microgravity (1984)

The idea that sustained microgravity will result in altered otolith input requiring a modification of postural control was explored by using the pathway that links the otolith organs and spinal motoneurons. Two related methods were used. First, the Hoffmann reflex was used to measure at specific times the excitability of the soleus-spinal motoneuron pool during a brief unexpected linear acceleration. Second, extensive dynamic postural testing with a moving platform was done before and after flight. The Hoffmann reflex amplitude, reflecting otolith-modulated motoneuron sensitivity, was low in flight after adaptation, and its postflight potentiation may have been dependent on rate of adaptation. The strength of inflight motion sickness symptoms was related to postflight Hoffmann reflex amplitude. Dynamic posture tests showed significant deviations from the results obtained before flight. The strategy used for balance on the moving platform was modified, and the behavior of the subjects suggested a decrease in awareness of the direction and magnitude of the motion.
Vitamins and Hormones. Advances in Research and Applications (1957)

1. Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Development During Puberty: A Tale of Two 2. Regulation of Oxytocin Secretion 3. Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone: Gene Evolution, Expression and Regulation 4. Thyroid Hormones and Brain Development 5. Estrogen signaling in the Hypothalamus 6. Hormonal Influences on Cancer Progression and Prognosis 7. Antiestrogens, Aromatase Inhibitors, and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer 8. Glucocorticoid Receptor and Heat Shock Factor-1: Novel Mechanisms of Reciprocal Regulation 9. C19-5-ene Steroids in Nature 10. The Androgen Receptor: Unlocking the Secrets of its Unique Transactivation Domain 11. Cytokine Recognition by the Human Interleukin-5 Receptor 12. Leptin: Structure, Function and Biology 13. Leptin Gene Polymorphisms and their Phenotypic Associations 14. Ghrelin, the Same Peptide for Different Functions: Player or Bystander? 15. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Adrenal-Cortex Secretion
A High-Speed, Energy-Efficient Two-Cycle Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) Architecture and Its Application to a Double-Throughput MAC Unit (2010)

We propose a high-speed and energy-efficient two-cycle multiply-accumulate (MAC) architecture that supports two's complement numbers, and includes accumulation guard bits and saturation circuitry. The first MAC pipeline stage contains only partial-product generation circuitry and a reduction tree, while the second stage, thanks to a special sign-extension solution, implements all other functionality. Place-and-route evaluations using a 65-nm 1.1-V cell library show that the proposed architecture offers a 31% improvement in speed and a 32% reduction in energy per operation, averaged across operand sizes of 16, 32, 48, and 64 bits, over a reference two-cycle MAC architecture that employs a multiplier in the first stage and an accumulator in the second. When operating the proposed architecture at the lower frequency of the reference architecture the available timing slack can be used to downsize gates, resulting in a 52% reduction in energy compared to the reference. We extend the new architecture to create a versatile double-throughput MAC (DTMAC) unit that efficiently performs either multiply-accumulate or multiply operations for N-bit, 1 × N/2-bit, or 2 × N/2-bit operands. In comparison to a fixed-function 32-bit MAC unit, 16-bit multiply-accumulate operations can be executed with 67% higher energy efficiency on a 32-bit DTMAC unit.
Direction finding in IEEE802.11 wireless networks (2002)

A novel direction-finding method for stations of IEEE802.11 wireless local area networks is presented in this paper. The method uses a switched beam array for determining the direction of arrival of the incident electromagnetic field in a time efficient way and associates certain medium access control (MAC) layer functions with different radiation patterns of the switched antenna array, in order to determine the proper orientation of directional beams on both entities of a communication link. The application of the proposed method to an IEEE802.11 wireless network is presented and it is depicted how the method improves the network performance without requiring any modifications to the existing MAC protocol.
Two new daphnane diterpenes from the roots of <i>Stelleropsis tianschanica</i> (2017)

Two new daphnane diterpenes named tianchaterpenes A and B were isolated from the roots of Stelleropsis tianschanica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR analyses and HRESIMS. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HeLa and HCT-8 cell lines. The results showed that all compounds displayed weak cytotoxicities to the HeLa cells and were inactive to the HCT-8 cells.
Hearing loss in veterans and the need for hearing loss prevention programs (2009)

Currently, there are more than 445,000 veterans receiving compensation for hearing loss associated with military service, and 395,000 receiving compensation for service-related tinnitus. In addition to compensation payments, service-related hearing disorders cost the US Department of Veterans Affairs in terms of provision of hearing aids, hearing aid-related services, and clinical services at its 220 facilities nationwide. It is imperative that hearing conservation among military personnel and veterans be addressed. In this paper, we describe the rationale for and the development of a multimedia Hearing Loss Prevention Program aimed at preventing the progression of hearing loss among veterans associated with social, recreational, and nonmilitary occupational noise exposure. The program was developed based on the principles outlined in the Health Belief Model of Rosenstock (1966) and the Health Promotion Model of Pender et al. (2002).
Fabrication of heat sinks by Selective Laser Melting for convective heat transfer applications (2016)

In this paper, the forced convective heat transfer performance of heat sinks produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) was experimentally investigated. Three heat sinks comprising pin fins of circular, rectangular-rounded and aerofoil geometries were fabricated by SLM from aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg powder. The heat sinks were tested in a rectangular air flow channel for convective heat transfer performance. Experiments performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 3400 to 24,000 show that the heat transfer performances of the aerofoil and rectangular-rounded heat sinks exceeded those of the circular heat sink. Using the cylindrical heat sink as a benchmark, the average enhancements in the normalised Nusselt numbers were computed to be 15.0% and 21.4% for the rectangular-rounded and aerofoil heat sinks, respectively. It was demonstrated that SLM can be employed to design and fabricate heat sinks of customised geometries for heat sink applications.