gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wear and Corrosion of Modular Interfaces in Total Hip Replacements (1994)

Modular components allow for the customization of hip replacements to the individual patient. Modular head-neck components allow for mixed material systems to minimize polyethylene wear as well as provide the ability to vary neck length and head size independent of the stem. Modular interfaces, however, result in an increased susceptibility to interface corrosion and wear debris generation. One hundred eight uncemented femoral stems with modular heads retrieved for reasons other than loosening with modular heads were examined for interface corrosion. In addition, in an effort to quantify the amount of wear debris generated at modular interfaces due to cyclic loading, mechanical testing and electrozone particle analysis was used to study various surface, material, and design combinations. Detectable degrees of corrosion were observed in ten of 29 (34.5%) mixed alloy systems and seven of 79 (9%) single alloy components at an average of 25 months in situ. There was no correlation between presence or extent of corrosion or surface damage with time in situ, initial diagnosis, reason for removal, age, or weight. Stems with corrosion were less likely to have bone ingrowth histologically. The results of mechanical testing showed a significant number of wear particles were generated by all head-neck combinations. The wear debris was almost totally in the size range less than 5 microns. As many as 2.5 million particles were generated the first million cycles loading, with as many as eight million particles generated at ten million cycles. The results indicate that surface preparation and material affect particle generation. Head-neck tolerance mismatch appears to be significantly variable in the number of particles generated.
Epikeratophakia: The surgical correction of aphakia. I. Lathing of corneal tissue (1981)

Epikeratophakia is a newly developed form of refractive corneal surgery for the correction of hyperopia. In this procedure, a piece of donor corneal tissue is lathed to a specific dioptric power. The epithelial cells are removed from the recipient cornea, and the donor tissue is sutured to the front of the eye. The resulting change in corneal curvature provides the visual correction, as, for instance, in the correction of aphakia. We describe here the computational analysis used to lathe human donor corneal tissue for use as epikeratophakia grafts. With these equations, the precision of the observed thickness of the lathed lenticule was +/- 0.05 mm and the precision of the observed diameter was +/- 0.25 mm. We found that, in a graft of a given diameter, the smaller the optical zone, the greater the maximal dioptric power of the graft, limited only by the central thickness of the donor cornea and the mechanical limitations of the cryolathe. In our case, the highest theoretical correction obtainable was 37 diopters.
Maximum Resonant Response of Mistuned Bladed Disks (1984)

The turbomachinery bladed disks used in today’s advanced turbine engines must meet strict standards with regard to aeroelastic stability and forced resonant response. One structural characteristic of bladed disks that can significantly impact both of these areas is that of bladed disk mistuning. Mistuning occurs when some circumferential asymmetry exists in the bladed disk. This asymmetry can be due to such things as mass or stiffness eccentricity or slight variations in the individual blade properties and occurs in all bladed disks to a greater or lesser extent. One important structural phenomenon resulting from mistuning is the splitting of the bladed disk’s diametral modes of vibration into “twin” or “dual” modes. The presence of dual mode characteristics in a bladed disk can significantly affect either or both of its aeroelastic stability and resonant response characteristics. The present paper, expanding upon the earlier works of Tobias and Arnold [1] and of Ewins [2] addresses the prediction of the maximum resonant response of a mistuned bladed disk having closely spaced dual modes as a function of mode mistuning and modal damping. A closed form expression is derived for the maximum forced resonant response. A discussion of mistune and damping characteristics of typical turbomachinery bladed disks is also presented.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE AMONG PESTICIDE APPLICATORS AND THEIR SPOUSES IN THE AGRICULTURAL HEALTH STUDY (2019)

Experimental studies suggest a relationship between pesticide exposure and renal impairment, but epidemiological research on the long-term effects of chronic low-level and acute pesticide exposure on renal disease risk is limited. This study investigated the relationship between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk and 1) long-term use of and exposure to specific pesticides; 2) short-term high-level pesticide exposures; and 3) farming and household factors that may increase exposure to pesticides, among male licensed pesticide applicators (N=55,580) and their wives (N=32,099) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). AHS participants reported pesticide use and exposure via self-administered questionnaires at enrollment (1993-1997). Associations between ESRD and pesticide exposures were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models controlling for age at enrollment, state of enrollment (applicator analyses only), and personal use of any pesticide (wives analyses only). ESRD cases were identified via linkage to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare ESRD incidence rates in the AHS cohort to the general population. We identified 320 and 103 ESRD cases diagnosed between enrollment and 31 December 2011 among pesticide applicators and wives, respectively. Among applicators, ESRD risk was elevated with use of the fungicide metalaxyl, and the herbicides imazethapyr, paraquat, and petroleum oil, with positive exposure-response trends observed for paraquat, pendimethalin, and the insecticide chlordane. Medical visits due to pesticide use were associated with ESRD. Among wives who never applied pesticides, ESRD risk was significantly associated with husbands' ever use of paraquat and butylate, with a positive exposure-response trend observed for husband's cumulative use of these pesticides. Positive associations were observed with private well proximity to pesticide mixing areas, washing pesticide-exposed clothing with the family wash, and spending >10 hours in the sun during the growing season, though estimates were imprecise. ESRD incidence rates were lower among applicators and wives compared to the general population. Our findings support a possible association between ESRD risk and chronic exposure (both direct and indirect) to certain pesticides and suggest that pesticide exposures resulting in medical visits may increase the risk of incident ESRD.
Relevance of myeloablative conditioning in the engraftment of limiting numbers of normal and genetically marked lympho-hematopoietic stem cells. (1996)

We have studied the relevance of using myeloablative conditioning in the engraftment of limiting numbers of normal and retrovirally transduced bone marrow (BM) cells. The administration of high doses (10-12 Gy) of split-dose irradiation (4 h or 24 h intervals) to mice transplanted with small grafts (10(4)-10(6) cells) of normal BM not only minimized the endogenous reconstitution of recipients but also increased, with respect to single irradiation protocols, the survival rate of the animals in the long-term. The efficiency of these myeloablative regimens in BM transplantation protocols involving the use of transduced grafts was tested in mice transfused with 5 x 10(4)-2 x 10(6) genetically marked BM cells. Ninety percent of recipients survived in the long-term and, in most cases, predominant engraftment of the transduced population was apparent for up to 11 months post-transplantation. This was confirmed in hematopoietic samples corresponding to the CFU-S, the preCFU-S and the long-term repopulating cells of primary recipients. It was of significance, however, that reductions in the engraftment of the genetically marked cells were not associated with the engraftment of exogenous untransduced cells, but rather with rises in the extent of endogenous repopulation, revealing the difficulties of preventing the repopulation of residual endogenous stem cells when limiting numbers of transduced cells are transplanted. Our results emphasize the relevance of using efficient myeloablative conditioning regimens in those cases in which predominant and sustained engraftment of limiting numbers of transduced repopulating cells is required.
The Theoretical Limits of Watermark Spread Spectrum Sequence (2014)

At present, the spread spectrum (SS) sequences used in watermark include i.i.d. random sequences and the sequences used in SS communications. They appear earlier than digital watermark. Almost no researchers pay attention to whether they are really fit for watermark. In this paper, we compare the SS watermark channel and the traditional SS communication channel. We find out that their correlation property is different. Considering cropping and translation attacks, we define watermark auto- and cross-correlation and propose Loose Autocorrelation and Tight Cross-Correlation (LAC&TCC) properties for SS watermark. The LAC&TCC properties are that, whether or not synchronized, the autocorrelation is equal or close to 1 and the cross-correlation is equal or close to 0. Accordingly, the peak correlation is divided into the peak autocorrelation Ra (l) and the peak cross-correlation Rc (l). We establish the lower bound of R c (l) and the higher bound of Ra (l), respectively. The two bounds indicate that, no matter how small the cover is reserved, the extractor can always find a threshold to distinguish auto- and cross-correlation in theory.
Human non‐small cell lung cancer: P53 protein accumulation is an early event and persists during metastatic progression (1994)

Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene, with consequent accumulation of the p53 protein, are frequently observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Little is known, however, about the timing of their appearance or their maintenance through cancer progression and metastatic spread. We have examined the normal epithelium and a panel of bronchial lesions, including dysplastic, neoplastic, and metastatic lesions, for p53 immunoreactivity and for expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). No p53 immunoreactivity was found in normal and hyperplastic epithelium, nor in squamous metaplastic lesions. Twenty out of 30 invasive tumours and 13 out of 17 in situ carcinomas adjacent to an invasive tumour showed p53 immunoreactivity. There was a strict correlation between the level of p53 expression in the non-invasive and the invasive components of the tumours. Five out of eight pairs of primary tumours and matching metastases expressed p53, at identical levels in both compartments. These data indicate that p53 overexpression can occur in the earliest recognized phase of NSCLC and that the alteration is maintained during progression from in situ to invasive carcinoma and metastatic spread. PCNA expression increased from early to advanced phases of NSCLC. High PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in tumours expressing high p53 levels. A significant association was observed for PCNA expression between preinvasive and invasive lesions.
A method for atlas-based volumetric registration with surface constraints for optical bioluminescence tomography in small animal imaging (2007)

Atlases are normalized representations of anatomy that can provide a standard coordinate system for in vivo imaging studies. For Optical Bioluminescence Tomography (OBT) in small animals, the animal's surface topography can be reconstructed from structured light measurements, but internal anatomy is unavailable unless additional CT or MR images are acquired. We present a novel method for estimating the internal organ structure of a mouse by warping a labeled 3D volumetric mouse atlas with the constraint that the surfaces of the two should match. Surface-constrained harmonic maps used for this bijective warping are computed by minimizing the covariant harmonic energy. We demonstrate the application of this warping scheme in OBT, where scattering and absorption coefficients of tissue are functions of the internal anatomy and hence, better estimates of the organ structures can lead to a more accurate forward model resulting in improved source localization. We first estimated the subject's internal geometry using the atlas-based warping scheme. Then the mouse was tessellated and optical properties were assigned based on the estimated organ structure. Bioluminescent sources were simulated, an optical forward model was computed using a finite-element solver, and multispectral data were simulated. We evaluate the accuracy of the forward model computed using the warped atlas against that assuming a homogeneous mouse model. This is done by comparing each model against a 'true' optical forward model where the anatomy of the mouse is assumed known. We also evaluate the impact of anatomical alignment on bioluminescence source localization.
Applying machine learning to the design of materials for lithium ion battery (2017)

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electrical vehicle, portable electronic products and energy storage devices. It is in urgent need to develop novel battery materials with higher energy density, preeminent rate performance and better safety performance. Traditional experimental methods for developing new materials are time-consuming, while for conventional simulation methods a huge gap remains between computations and practical materials. In this regard, machine learning becomes promising due to its flexibility in dealing with complex problems. Since machine learning is a data driven method, no physical or chemical models are needed in the process. The results will be reliable as long as the data are consistent with the practical situation. An encouraging example is AlphaGo [1] that has exhibited the charm of machine learning.
Acidities of glycine Schiff bases and alkylation of their conjugate bases (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidities of glycine Schiff bases and alkylation of their conjugate basesMartin J. O'Donnell, William D. Bennett, William A. Bruder, William N. Jacobsen, Keith. Knuth, Brigitte. LeClef, Robin L. Polt, Frederick G. Bordwell, Susan R. Mrozack, and Thomas A. CripeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 25, 8520–8525Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00233a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3133Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital signal processing for coherent transceivers in next generation optical networks (2014)

This tutorial reviews the latest developments in Digital Signal Processing for coherent transceivers and their use in Next Generation Optical networks.
The Integration of Rock Mechanics, Open Hole Logs and Seismic Geophysics for Petroleum Engineering Applications. (1998)

Abstract The integration of core based rock mechanics with the open hole log and seismic geophysics technologies, has created added value through operational costs savings for Chevron's world-wide drilling and completion holdings. Early development of this integrated technology focused on supplementing core measured rock property data with open hole log measurements to obtain rock mechanical property estimates throughout the horehole. Log derived mechanical property estimates have lead to the development and worldwide use of the following applications:formation drillability assessment for bit optimization and performance prediction,wellbore stability for extended reach and horizontal wells,sanding predictions for completion design, andformation stress profiling and elastic properties modeling for hydraulic stimulation design. The characterization of rock mechanical properties, in the absence of core, hinges upon the newly created capability of predicting formation shear wave propagation velocities. This breakthrough technique was first developed to estimate formation shear wave velocities for single well (1D) mechanical property predictions using conventional open hole measurements- (compressional wave velocity and bulk density). The technique was then enhanced to utilize surface seismic data sets in a 1D sense to predict formation mechanical properties at undrilled prospect locations. The links to the seismic world have proven particularly valuable for rank wildcat and step out drilling applications where offset well control is absent or extremely limited. The latest innovation has been to characterize volumetric (3D) formation mechanical properties from 3D seismic data cubes. Volumetric rock properties currently determined include Poisson's ratio, horizontal stress magnitude, borehole breakdown pressure gradient, pore pressure gradient and unconfined compressive strength. This paper summarizes the shear wave velocity estimation technique and presents several examples. Field examples will also be shown that demonstrate successful applications of log derived mechanical properties for rock strength and minimum horizontal stress profiling applications for fracture stimulation design. A full set of volumetric formation mechanical property cubes will then be presented, demonstrating the feasibility of using 3D seismic data for well planning. P. 241
Effects of erythropoietin on platelet reactivity and thrombopoiesis in humans (2000)

A recent study in dogs suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) not only promotes the synthesis of increased numbers of reticulated platelets but that these newly produced platelets are hyperreactive compared with controls. Because of the increasing use of EPO in the perioperative setting, we characterized the effects of EPO on platelet reactivity in healthy human volunteers. In a randomized, controlled trial, we studied the effects of EPO on platelet reactivity, thrombopoiesis, and endothelial activation in circumstances similar to those of autologous blood donation. Thirty healthy male volunteers received placebo or EPO (100 or 500 U/kg of body weight given intravenously) three times a week for 2 weeks and underwent phlebotomy on days 8 and 15. Thrombin receptor-activating peptide induced expression of P-selectin, and CD63 increased 2- to 3-fold during EPO treatment. The enhanced platelet reactivity was also reflected by a 50% increase in soluble P-selectin in plasma. Plasma E-selectin levels increased in a dose-dependent fashion by more than 100% during EPO treatment, indicating substantial activation of endothelial cells. A 10% to 20% increase in platelet counts was observed in both EPO groups on day 5. In the placebo group, platelets increased only several days after the first phlebotomy. The increase in platelet counts was not reflected by changes in the amounts of reticulated platelets or circulating progenitor cells. In summary, we found that EPO markedly enhances endothelial activation and platelet reactivity, which may adversely affect patients at cardiovascular risk. However, the increased platelet reactivity could be exploited in patients with platelet dysfunction. (Blood. 2000;95:2983-2989)
Differential Active Site Loop Conformations Mediate Promiscuous Activities in the Lactonase SsoPox (2013)

Enzymes are proficient catalysts that enable fast rates of Michaelis-complex formation, the chemical step and products release. These different steps may require different conformational states of the active site that have distinct binding properties. Moreover, the conformational flexibility of the active site mediates alternative, promiscuous functions. Here we focused on the lactonase SsoPox from Sulfolobus solfataricus. SsoPox is a native lactonase endowed with promiscuous phosphotriesterase activity. We identified a position in the active site loop (W263) that governs its flexibility, and thereby affects the substrate specificity of the enzyme. We isolated two different sets of substitutions at position 263 that induce two distinct conformational sampling of the active loop and characterized the structural and kinetic effects of these substitutions. These sets of mutations selectively and distinctly mediate the improvement of the promiscuous phosphotriesterase and oxo-lactonase activities of SsoPox by increasing active-site loop flexibility. These observations corroborate the idea that conformational diversity governs enzymatic promiscuity and is a key feature of protein evolvability.
FTIR spectroscopic characterization of hydrogenated polyoctenamer and polynorbornene and DSC study of their thermal properties (1994)

Abstract Diimide‐hydrogenated polyoctenamer and polynorbornene have been characterized by FT‐infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hydrogenated polyoctenamer has been studied in comparison with hydrogenated polybutadiene and polyethylene. A crystallinity ranging from 71% to 77% was found, while the melting point of hydrogenated polyoctenamer was found to be in the range 127–129°C. Hydrogenated polyoctenamer as well as hydrogenated polybutadiene resemble high density polyethylene (HDPE). Polynorbornene, which is completely amorphous, after hydrogenation shows a certain degree of crystallinity and a melting point of 140.8°C.
Concurrent sizing, Vdd and V/sub th/ assignment for low-power design (2004)

We present a sensitivity-based algorithm for total power including dynamic and subthreshold leakage power minimization using simultaneous sizing, Vdd and Vth assignment. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested on a set of combinational benchmark circuits. A comparison with traditional CVS based algorithms demonstrates the advantage of the algorithm including an average power reduction of 37% at primary input activities of 0.1. We also investigate the impact of various low Vdd values on total power savings.
Synthesis of Passive RC Networks with Gains Greater than Unity (1951)

This paper illustrates the fact that three-terminal passive resistor-capacitor networks are capable of having unity voltage gain at zero frequency and higher than unity gain over a prescribed frequency band. A general design procedure for synthesizing a transfer function with these properties using, insofar as possible, known methods of synthesis is outlined. Together with suggestions for further work, two examples are presented to illustrate the method.