gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics and design criteria for high-speed adjustable speed drivers for large turbomachines (1989)

Gearless-electric-motor adjustable-speed drives can, in many applications, be an attractive alternative to thermodynamic and hydraulic drivers on high-speed centrifugal pumps and compressors in the uppermost power range. The authors discuss electrical and mechanical design criteria for these synchronous motors as well as their limit ratings, provide actual examples of such machines, and highlight typical performance characteristics. A survey of the required auxiliary electrical equipment, identical to that used on low-speed load-commutated inverter (LCI) drives, and economic considerations are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent Developments in the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction: 2010–2014 (2015)

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (SMR), involving the coupling of an organoboron reagent and an organic halide or pseudo-halide in the presence of a palladium or nickel catalyst and a base, has arguably become one of most utilized tools for the construction of a C-C bond. This review intends to be general account of all types of catalytic systems, new coupling partners and applications, including the literature between September 2010 and December 2014.
What the query told the link (1997)

Article What the query told the link: the integration of hypertext and information retrieval Share on Author: Gene Golovchinsky FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg.4, Palo Alto, CA FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg.4, Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims HYPERTEXT '97: Proceedings of the eighth ACM conference on HypertextApril 1997 Pages 67–74https://doi.org/10.1145/267437.267445Online:15 April 1997Publication History 55citation661DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations55Total Downloads661Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
SAURAN: A new resource for solar radiometric data in Southern Africa (2015)

A new resource for sun strength data in Southern Africa has been established with the commissioning of a regional network of solar monitoring stations. The Southern African Universities Radiometric Network (SAURAN) is an initiative of Stellenbosch University and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), and consists of an initial set of ten ground stations equipped with secondary standard thermopile radiometers. SAURAN’s aim is to provide a long-term record of sun strength in a region that shows excellent potential for the deployment of solar energy technologies. Instruments measuring direct normal irradiance (DNI), diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) feed time-averaged data over 1-minute, hourly and daily intervals to a central archive from where they are accessible to the public via a website interface. Meteorological data is also provided by most of the stations. This paper gives a brief background to the SAURAN project and describes the network’s operation, coverage and future expansion. Examples of solar energy irradiance plots are also provided to illustrate the information available from the SAURAN database.
Improved Magnus Form Approximation of Saturation Vapor Pressure (1996)

Algorithms, based on Magnus's form equations, are described that minimize the difference between several relationships between temperature and water vapor pressure at saturation that are commonly used in archiving data. The work was initiated in connection with the development of a unified upper-air dataset that will use measurements gathered from the late 1930s to the present and archived in several data centers. The conversion of field measurements to archived humidity values within the databases that are being used have not been consistent and in some cases are unknown. A goal of this work was to develop a uniform and accurate method to convert these data to various humidity variables without regard to the equations used in archiving the original data. Archived temperature values are recorded to 0.1°C. This precision creates a temperature dependent range in uncertainty in saturation vapor pressure. A procedure was developed to take this into account when the error minimizing equations were derived.
Pressure-Induced Fundamental Infrared Absorption Band of Gaseous Chlorine (1969)

The pressure-induced fundamental infrared absorption band of chlorine gas at 298° and 369°K has been investigated. The frequency of the maximum absorption of the band has been found to agree with that calculated for the free molecule when the effects of the three isotopic species 35Cl2, and 35Cl 37Cl, and 37Cl2 are considered. The binary absorption coefficient has been measured and using it with the theory of Van Kranendonk a value of 57a02 ± 25% has been derived for the rate of change of polarizability with internuclear distance. The temperature dependence of the binary absorption coefficient indicates the possible presence of bound states (Cl2)2 at room temperature.
Improvement of Temperature Characteristics of Boundary Acoustic Wave Resonators Using Multilayered Electrodes (2012)

In this paper, we describe a new boundary acoustic wave structure employing multilayered metal electrodes with a high-density metal and a low-density metal. By using this structure, such as Pt/Al/Pt, the electromechanical coupling coefficient ( k 2 ) and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the boundary acoustic wave can be changed. We theoretically studied the dependence of the energy distribution of the boundary wave on the position of the total electrode gravity center when the electrode layer structure is changed. It was experimentally confirmed that k 2 and TCF can be changed simultaneously. By using this structure, we developed a novel filter with good electrical characteristics, and a very small variation of the filter characteristic with temperature (almost zero TCF) was successfully realized.
[Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow--a case report and anatomical study of the lateral collateral ligament]. (1993)

A 20-year-old woman was referred to our clinic complaining of recurrent subluxation of her right elbow. A posterolateral rotatory instability test revealed that she had insufficiency of the lateral collateral ligament. She was surgically treated; the ligament was reconstructed by using the palmaris longus tendon. A year after operation, she had no pain in her elbow, and regained full range of elbow motion. The function of the lateral collateral ligament is often overlooked. We, therefore, dissected 24 elbow joints and studied anatomically in order to confirm the origin and insertion of the lateral collateral ligament. The ligament originates from the lateral epicondyle, and runs distally in fan shape. It further inserts partly to the annular ligament and partly to the supinator crest. After complete sectioning of the ligament, the forearm was fixed in supination, then flexed with valgus moment. This maneuver elicited subluxation of the radio-humeral joint, which was similar to what we observed in the clinical case. From these observations, we have concluded that the ligament is important for stability of elbow joint as well as the medial collateral ligament.
Real-Time Optimization of the Drilling Process—Challenges in Industrialization (2009)

Abstract Recently, a successful Offshore Field test in the North Sea of a new drilling control system for real-time optimization and automation control was performed. This system has been developed in an ongoing research project, which will now enter an industrialization phase with focus on improved user friendliness, sensor quality/reliability, work process and training. The system, which is based on application of advanced real-time process models for calculation of both hydraulic and mechanical forces, requires an extensive set of input data. Results from the calculation modules are applied directly in the drilling control system, affecting parameters such as pipe acceleration, velocity and deceleration, and the pump startup profile. Subsequently, it is of major importance that the data entered as input are correct and of high quality. Both system setup data and measurements from real-time sensors have to be validated before they can be applied. Here we give an overview of lessons learned from the field test, and discuss how the most important challenges revealed during the test can be solved. We also discuss how such a system may benefit from emerging new technology in moving towards a higher degree of automation. Automation of the drilling process has for a long time been a widely discussed topic. Despite the enormous focus, the limited number of successful solutions available to the industry today is a strong indication that applying automation to the drilling process is a very complicated and compound challenge. The authors believe that resolving the generic challenges experienced in industrialization of the described system constitutes an important step towards extended automation of the drilling process. Extensions of the system are already on the drawing-board in an extension of the original research project which led to the development of this technology. Although there are still challenges to be resolved for the existing system, we are confident that these are manageable and that automation has a bright future within drilling.
Investigation of a Microstrip-to-Ridge Gap Waveguide transition by electromagnetic coupling (2012)

A transition from Microstrip to Ridge Gap Waveguide (RGW) has been studied and numerically analyzed in terms of S parameters. The RGW technology shows potential to be used up to THz frequencies. Therefore, good transitions are needed in order to make possible the measurements of RGW components at frequencies above 100 GHz.
Comparison of oxidative capacity among leg muscles in humans using gated <sup>31</sup>P 2‐D chemical shift imaging (2009)

In many small animals there are distinct differences in fiber-type composition among limb muscles, and these differences typically correspond to marked disparities in the oxidative capacities. However, whether there are similar differences in the oxidative capacity among leg muscles in humans is less clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery, a functional in vivo marker of oxidative capacity, in the lateral and medial gastrocnemius, soleus, and the anterior compartment of the leg (primarily the tibialis anterior) of humans. Subjects performed plantar flexion and dorsiflexion gated exercise protocols consisting of 70 sets of three rapid dynamic contractions (<2.86 s) at 20 s intervals (total: 23.3 min). Starting after the sixth set of contractions, (31)P 2-D CSI (8 x 8 matrix, 14-16 cm FOV, 3 cm slice, TR 2.86 s) were acquired via a linear transmit/receive surface coil using a GE 3T Excite System. The CSI data were zero-filled (32 x 32) and a single FID was produced for each time point in the lateral and medial gastrocnemius, soleus, and anterior compartment. The time constant for PCr recovery was calculated from tau = -Deltat/ln[D/(D + Q)], where Q is the percentage change in PCr due to contraction during the steady-state portion of the protocol, D the additional drop in PCr from rest, and Deltat is the interval between contractions. The tau of PCr recovery was longer (p < 0.05) in the anterior compartment (32 +/- 3 s) than in the lateral (23 +/- 2 s) and medial gastrocnemius muscles (24 +/- 3 s) and the soleus (22 +/- 3 s) muscles. These findings suggest that the oxidative capacity is lower in the anterior compartment than in the triceps surae muscles and is consistent with the notion that fiber-type phenotypes vary among the leg muscles of humans.
VISTA: computational tools for comparative genomics (2004)

Comparison of DNA sequences from different species is a fundamental method for identifying functional elements in genomes. Here, we describe the VISTA family of tools created to assist biologists in carrying out this task. Our first VISTA server at http://www-gsd.lbl.gov/vista/ was launched in the summer of 2000 and was designed to align long genomic sequences and visualize these alignments with associated functional annotations. Currently the VISTA site includes multiple comparative genomics tools and provides users with rich capabilities to browse pre-computed whole-genome alignments of large vertebrate genomes and other groups of organisms with VISTA Browser, to submit their own sequences of interest to several VISTA servers for various types of comparative analysis and to obtain detailed comparative analysis results for a set of cardiovascular genes. We illustrate capabilities of the VISTA site by the analysis of a 180 kb interval on human chromosome 5 that encodes for the kinesin family member 3A (KIF3A) protein.
Synthesis and Rate Performance of Monolithic Macroporous Carbon Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Secondary Batteries (2005)

Abstract Three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials are composed of well‐interconnected pore and wall structures with wall thicknesses of a few tens of nanometers. These characteristics can be applied to enhance the rate performance of lithium‐ion secondary batteries. 3DOM monoliths of hard carbon have been synthesized via a resorcinol‐formaldehyde sol–gel process using poly(methyl methacrylate) colloidal‐crystal templates, and the rate performance of 3DOM carbon electrodes for lithium‐ion secondary batteries has been evaluated. The advantages of monolithic 3DOM carbon electrodes are: 1) solid‐state diffusion lengths for lithium ions of the order of a few tens of nanometers, 2) a large number of active sites for charge‐transfer reactions because of the material's high surface area, 3) reasonable electrical conductivity of 3DOM carbon due to a well‐interconnected wall structure, 4) high ionic conductivity of the electrolyte within the 3DOM carbon matrix, and 5) no need for a binder and/or a conducting agent. These factors lead to significantly improved rate performance compared to a similar but non‐templated carbon electrode and compared to an electrode prepared from spherical carbon with binder. To increase the energy density of 3DOM carbon, tin oxide nanoparticles have been coated on the surface of 3DOM carbon by thermal decomposition of tin sulfate, because the specific capacity of tin oxide is larger than that of carbon. The initial specific capacity of SnO 2 ‐coated 3DOM carbon increases compared to that of 3DOM carbon, resulting in a higher energy density of the modified 3DOM carbon. However, the specific capacity decreases as cycling proceeds, apparently because lithium–tin alloy nanoparticles were detached from the carbon support by volume changes during charge–discharge processes. The rate performance of SnO 2 ‐coated 3DOM carbon is improved compared to 3DOM carbon.
The effectiveness of position- and composition-specific gap costs for protein similarity searches (2008)

The scripts for performing evaluations are available upon request from the authors.
Targeting a host element as a strategy to block HIV replication: is it nice to fool with Mother Nature? (2009)

aCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA bUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Correspondence to Michael M. Lederman, MD, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2061 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Tel: +1 216 844 8786; e-mail: [email protected]
Estrogen receptor and HER2/neu status affect epigenetic differences of tumor-related genes in primary breast tumors (2008)

We demonstrated significant differences in tumor-related gene methylation patterns relevant to ER and HER2/neu status of breast tumors. This may be of significance in the assessment of targeted therapy resistance related to ER and HER2/neu status in breast cancer patients.
Spontaneous Clustering and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of NK Cell Inhibitory Receptor Induced by Ligand Binding (2003)

Inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity by killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) depends on phosphorylation of cytoplasmic tyrosines in KIR, which recruit tyrosine phosphatase Src homology protein tyrosine phosphatase 1. It is not clear how KIR, whose function lies downstream of a tyrosine kinase, succeeds in blocking proximal NK cell activation signals upon binding HLA class I on target cells. Here we show that mixing NK cells with insect cells expressing HLA-C was sufficient to induce clustering of KIR, and phosphorylation of KIR and SHP-1. Transient phosphorylation of KIR was detected in the presence of pervanadate, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, at suboptimal concentration. Phosphorylation of KIR was specifically induced by ligand binding because it was detected only when HLA-C was loaded with a peptide that permits KIR binding. KIR phosphorylation was not dependent on ICAM-1-mediated adhesion and was not blocked by inhibition of actin polymerization, but required Zn(2+). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between HLA-C molecules revealed close molecular interactions induced by KIR binding. These results demonstrate tight clustering of KIR and rapid KIR phosphorylation induced simply by binding to HLA-C. The unique property of KIR to become phosphorylated in the absence of adhesion and of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement explains how KIR can efficiently block early activation signals during NK-target cell contacts.
From College Student to Change Agent: A Triadic Model of Self-Efficacy, Attribution, and Appraisal (2013)

Beyond their newfound emancipation and opportunities for self-discovery, college students in the young adult stage of development are expected to achieve balance between their autonomous new world and the impending pressures of postgraduation life. The college student must not only reconcile issues related to identity formation, goal pursuits, and career exploration, but is expected to begin the process of identifying and developing the skills required to address salient social themes. How students establish competency beliefs, negotiate controllability over future outcomes, and appraise challenges have deep implications in their capacity to discover their social change “voice.” The following discussion proposes a triadic framework that highlights the inextricable connections between self-efficacy, attribution, and appraisal as they relate to the capacity of college students to effect social change. As future leaders, role models, and visionaries preparing to transition into an increasingly complex world, an exigent need exists to create opportunities for (a) enhancing the self-efficacy beliefs that underpin the capacity to transform perceptions, (b) formulating attributions that foster perceived controllability over objectives, and (c) promoting appraisals that induce the motivation to approach challenges. Perspectives discussed in this paper have implications for students, parents, educators, and administrators to consider best practices for cultivating self-efficacy, attribution, and appraisal abilities that will facilitate future social change agency long after the college years.
Hydrogen-Regulated Chiral Nanoplasmonics (2016)

Chirality is a highly important topic in modern chemistry, given the dramatically different pharmacological effects that enantiomers can have on the body. Chirality of natural molecules can be controlled by reconfiguration of molecular structures through external stimuli. Despite the rapid progress in plasmonics, active regulation of plasmonic chirality, particularly in the visible spectral range, still faces significant challenges. In this Letter, we demonstrate a new class of hybrid plasmonic metamolecules composed of magnesium and gold nanoparticles. The plasmonic chirality from such plasmonic metamolecules can be dynamically controlled by hydrogen in real time without introducing macroscopic structural reconfiguration. We experimentally investigate the switching dynamics of the hydrogen-regulated chiroptical response in the visible spectral range using circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is used to examine the morphology changes of the magnesium particles through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. Our study can enable plasmonic chiral platforms for a variety of gas detection schemes by exploiting the high sensitivity of circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Renal microvascular lesions in lupus nephritis (2019)

Renal microvascular lesions, common in lupus nephritis (LN), are associated with long-term poor outcomes. There are mainly five pathological types of renal microvascular lesions in LN: (1) vascular immune complex deposits (ICD), (2) arteriosclerosis (AS), (3) thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), (4) non-inflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy (NNV), and (5) true renal vasculitis (TRV). The pathogenesis of renal microvascular lesions in LN remains to be elucidated. The activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells, in addition to the contribution of immune system dysfunction, especially the immune complex-induced vascular inflammation and antiphospholipid antibody-associated thrombotic events, are key mechanisms in the development of vascular lesions in LN that need to be further investigated. Alteration of the microvascular environment produces an acute immunological response that recruits immune cells, such as T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, which induces platelet aggregation with microthrombus formation. There is also increased cytotoxicity caused by cytokines produced by immune cells in the kidney. Identifying the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of renal microvascular lesions in LN might provide potential targets for the development of novel therapies.
Whipworm genome and dual-species transcriptome analyses provide molecular insights into an intimate host-parasite interaction (2014)

Whipworms are common soil-transmitted helminths that cause debilitating chronic infections in man. These nematodes are only distantly related to Caenorhabditis elegans and have evolved to occupy an unusual niche, tunneling through epithelial cells of the large intestine. We report here the whole-genome sequences of the human-infective Trichuris trichiura and the mouse laboratory model Trichuris muris. On the basis of whole-transcriptome analyses, we identify many genes that are expressed in a sex- or life stage-specific manner and characterize the transcriptional landscape of a morphological region with unique biological adaptations, namely, bacillary band and stichosome, found only in whipworms and related parasites. Using RNA sequencing data from whipworm-infected mice, we describe the regulated T helper 1 (TH1)-like immune response of the chronically infected cecum in unprecedented detail. In silico screening identified numerous new potential drug targets against trichuriasis. Together, these genomes and associated functional data elucidate key aspects of the molecular host-parasite interactions that define chronic whipworm infection.