gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L-Cysteine Stimulates Hydrogen Sulfide Synthesis in Myocardium Associated With Attenuation of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2010)

Hydrogen sulfide (H( 2)S) is a biological mediator produced by enzyme-regulated pathways from L-cysteine, which is a substrate for cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE). In myocardium, endogenously and exogenously administered H(2)S has been shown to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that L-cysteine exerts its protective action through stimulation of H(2)S production. Rat isolated hearts were Langendorff-perfused and underwent 35-minute regional ischemia and 120-minute reperfusion. L-cysteine perfusion from 10 minutes before ischemia until 10 minutes after reperfusion limited infarct size in a concentration-dependent manner, maximal at 1 mmol/L (control 36.4% +/- 2.4% vs L-cysteine 24.3% +/- 3.4%, P < .05). This protective action was attenuated by the CSE inhibitor, DL-propargylglycine (PAG) 1 mmol/L (31.4 +/- 5.9%, not significant vs control) but administration of the CSE cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) 50 mumol/L did not enhance the effect of L-cysteine. Ten minutes normoxic perfusion with L-cysteine 1 mmol/L caused a 3-fold increase in myocardial H(2)S concentration (0.64 +/- 0.16 vs 2.01 +/- 0.07 mumol/g protein, P < .01), an effect that was significantly attenuated by PAG (1.17 +/- 0.15 mumol/g protein). These data provide evidence that exogenous L-cysteine administration limits ischemia-reperfusion injury through a mechanism that appears to be at least partially dependent on H(2)S synthesis.
Scattered Pilots and Virtual Carriers Based Frequency Offset Tracking for OFDM Systems: Algorithms, Identifiability, and Performance Analysis (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel carrier frequency offset (CFO) tracking algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by exploiting scattered pilot carriers and virtual carriers embedded in the existing OFDM standards. Assuming that the channel remains constant during two consecutive OFDM blocks and perfect timing, a CFO tracking algorithm is proposed using the limited number of pilot carriers in each OFDM block. Identifiability of this pilot based algorithm is fully discussed under the noise free environment, and a constellation rotation strategy is proposed to eliminate the c-ambiguity for arbitrary constellations. A weighted algorithm is then proposed by considering both scattered pilots and virtual carriers. We find that, the pilots increase the performance accuracy of the algorithm, while the virtual carriers reduce the chance of CFO outlier. Therefore, the proposed tracking algorithm is able to achieve full range CFO estimation, can be used before channel estimation, and could provide improved performance compared to existing algorithms. The asymptotic mean square error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm is derived and simulation results agree with the theoretical analysis.
Precursor-based methods for low-temperature synthesis of defectless NaMnPO4 with an olivine- and maricite-type structure (2013)

We report precursor-based methods for low-temperature synthesis of two structure modifications of NaMnPO4. The maricite phase is thermodynamically more stable, while the olivine phase is of great interest as a positive-electrode material for lithium and sodium ion batteries. The advantage of synthetic procedures is the formation of defectless NaMnPO4 in the temperature range of 200–400 °C. The structure and morphology characterizations of two modifications are performed by powder XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The oxidation state of the Mn ions in NaMnPO4 is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The local environment of Na in both structure modifications is assessed by 23Na MAS NMR spectroscopy. The synthesis methods are based on the formation of appropriate precursors that are easily transformed to target NaMnPO4. Thermal decomposition of freeze-dried phosphate–formate precursor yields NaMnPO4 with a maricite structure at 400 °C. KMnPO4·H2O with a dittmarite-type structure acts as a structure-template precursor for the preparation of NaMnPO4 with an olivine structure by an ion exchange reaction. Both olivine and maricite NaMnPO4 do not accommodate any anti-site mixing and Na,Mn deficiency. The morphology of NaMnPO4 consists of nano-sized particles (less than 50 nm) that are closely bound together into aggregates, the shape of the aggregates being dependent on the synthesis procedure used.
INX-08189, a Phosphoramidate Prodrug of 6-<i>O</i>-Methyl-2′-<i>C</i>-Methyl Guanosine, Is a Potent Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus Replication with Excellent Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties (2011)

INX-08189 is an aryl-phosphoramidate of 6-O-methyl-2'-C-methyl guanosine. INX-08189 was highly potent in replicon assays, with a 50% effective concentration of 10±6 nM against hepatitis C genotype 1b at 72 h. The inhibitory effect on viral replication was rapid, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 35±8 nM at 24 h. An intracellular 2'-C-methyl guanosine triphosphate (2'-C-MeGTP) concentration of 2.43±0.42 pmol/10(6) cells was sufficient to achieve 90% inhibition of viral replication. In vitro resistance studies confirmed that the S282T mutation in the NS5b gene conferred an approximately 10-fold reduction in sensitivity to INX-08189. However, the complete inhibition of S282T mutant replicons still could be achieved with an EC90 of 344±170 nM. Drug combination studies of INX-08189 and ribavirin indicated significant synergy in antiviral potency both in wild-type and S282T-expressing replicons. Genotype 1b replicons could be cleared after 14 days of culture when exposed to as little as 20 nM INX-08189. No evidence of mitochondrial toxicity was observed after 14 days of INX-08189 exposure in both HepG2 and CEM human cell lines. In vivo studies of rats and cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that 2'-C-MeGTP concentrations in liver equivalent to the EC90 could be attained after a single oral dose of INX-08189. Rat liver 2'-C-MeGTP concentrations were proportional to dose, sustained for greater than 24 h, and correlated with plasma concentrations of the nucleoside metabolite 2'-C-methyl guanosine. The characteristics displayed by INX-08189 support its continued development as a clinical candidate for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
A 900 MHz dual conversion low-IF GSM receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS (2002)

As GSM handsets become a commodity item there is need for highly-integrated, low-cost transceivers, which also dissipate low power. This work focuses on the receiver for 900MHz GSM, which is the more challenging part of the transceiver design. Compared to previous CMOS GSM receivers, this circuit integrates many passive components, dissipates lower power and includes channel selection, image suppression and AGC functions.
Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetic acid inhibits PTP1B activity in human mesangial cells A possible mechanism of enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation (1994)

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetic acid (PMA) stimulates DNA synthesis in human glomerular mesangial cells. Incubation of these cells with PMA stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of a set of proteins ranging from 110 to 39 kDa with different time kinetics. PMA inhibits total protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity in these cells. Immunoprecipitation of PTP1B, an intracytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase, with subsequent assay of the immunobeads for PTPase shows a significant inhibition of its activity in PMA-treated cells. Immunoblot analysis of mesangial cell lysates using the same antibody revealed that PMA does not affect the level of this 50 kDa PTP1B protein. These data indicate that inhibition of total PTPase, and specifically PTP1B, activity may provide a mechanism for stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation by PMA in these cells and thereby contribute to its mitogenic effect.
Role of the 5-Lipoxygenase–activating Protein (FLAP) in Murine Acute Inflammatory Responses (1997)

Leukotrienes are potent inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) predominately by cells of myeloid origin. The synthesis of these lipids is believed to be dependent not only on the expression of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which catalyzes the first steps in the synthesis of leukotrienes, but also on expression of a nuclear membrane protein termed the 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP). To study the relationship of these two proteins in mediating the production of leukotrienes in vivo and to determine whether the membrane protein FLAP has additional functions in various inflammatory processes, we have generated a mouse line deficient in this protein. FLAP-deficient mice develop normally and are healthy. However, an array of assays comparing inflammatory reactions in FLAP-deficient mice and in normal controls revealed that FLAP plays a role in a subset of these reactions. Although examination of DTH and IgE-mediated passive anaphylaxis showed no difference between wild-type and FLAP-deficient animals, mice without FLAP possessed a blunted inflammatory response to topical AA and had increased resistance to platelet-activating factor-induced shock compared to controls. Also, edema associated with Zymosan A-induced peritonitis was markedly reduced in animals lacking FLAP. To determine whether these differences relate solely to a deficit in leukotriene production, or whether they reflect an additional role for FLAP in inflammation, we compared the FLAP-deficient mice to 5-LO-deficient animals. Evaluation of mice lacking FLAP and 5-LO indicated that production of leukotrienes during inflammatory responses is dependent upon the availability of FLAP and did not support additional functions for FLAP beyond its role in leukotriene production.
Epitaxial (Al,Ga)InP-oxide distributed Bragg reflectors for use in visible-wavelength optical devices (1995)

Epitaxially-grown distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR's) employing thermally oxidized AlAs as the low refractive index constituent and (Al,Ga)InP as the high index constituent are fabricated. The 4.5-pair Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/ P-oxide and Al/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/ P-oxide DBR's exhibit high reflectivity (>90%) over a range of 635-967 nm and 470-676 nm, respectively. The (Al,Ga)InP-oxide DBR's are shown to require less material to produce high reflectivity and to have significantly wider bandwidth than all-semiconductor DBR's used in the visible spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphological Synthesis of Zeolites (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Morphology of Large Zeolite Crystals Morphology Control of MFI Zeolite Particles (of Size Less than 100 µm) Morphological Synthesis by MW Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments References
A practical guide to thin film and drips simulation (2019)

We present a practical approach to model close-up water interaction with characters. We specifically focus on high-fidelity surface tension and adhesion effects as water sheds off skin. We show that an existing particle-in-cell (FLIP/APIC) solver can be adapted to capture small-scale water-solid interaction dynamics and discuss the role and implementation details of the relevant key components: treatment of surface tension and viscosity, enforcement of contact angle, and maintenance of contact with fast-moving collision geometry. The method allows for resolution of effects on a scale of a fraction of a millimeter and is performant enough to be able to cover a whole human body with a layer of water. We demonstrate successful use of the approach in a shot from Alita: Battle Angel.
Sakaguchi Reaction on Arginine-Containing Peptides (1960)

タンパク質やポリペプチドに含まれるアルギニン残基が,坂口反応において遊離アルギニンよりも低い呈色率を示すことは,従来から知られていた。この現象がペプチド中のどういう化学構造に由来するかを知るために,いろいろのアルギニン含有ペプチドの坂口反応呈色率をしらべた。Pro・Arg,Arg・Leu,Leu・Arg,Arg・Pheのようなアルギニン残基1個を含むペプチドの呈色率は・ほとんどアルギニンのそれと変わらないことがわかったが,2個以上含むペプチドすなわちArg・Arg(1),Arg・Pro・Arg(II)・Arg・Arg・Arg(III),Arg・Arg・Pro・Arg(IV)では,アルギニン1残基あたりの呈色率がアルギニンの86～60%で,しかもI>IV>II>IIIの順の大きさであった。各ペプチドの呈色の吸収曲線もしらべたが,いずれもアルギニンについて得られた吸収曲線とは違ったそれぞれの特長ある形を示していた。
Vitamin E tocotrienols improve insulin sensitivity through activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (2009)

Vitamin E is comprised of two classes of compounds: tocopherols and tocotrienols. Tocotrienol-enriched palm oil has been shown to help reduce blood glucose levels in patients and preclinical animal models. However, the mechanistic basis for tocotrienol action is not well established. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, gamma, and delta (PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that play essential roles in energy metabolism. Importantly, synthetic PPARalpha and PPARgamma ligands are currently used for treating hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In this study, we present data that tocotrienols within palm oil functioned as PPAR modulators. Specifically, both alpha- and gamma-tocotrienol activated PPARalpha, while delta-tocotrienol activated PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta in reporter-based assays. Tocotrienols enhanced the interaction between the purified ligand-binding domain of PPARalpha with the receptor-interacting motif of coactivator PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha. In addition, the tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil improved whole body glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity of diabetic Db/Db mice by selectively regulating PPAR target genes. These lines of evidence collectively suggested that PPARs represent a set of molecular targets of tocotrienols.
Benchmarking B cell epitope prediction: Underperformance of existing methods (2004)

Sequence profiling is used routinely to predict the location of B-cell epitopes. In the postgenomic era, the need for reliable epitope prediction is clear. We assessed 484 amino acid propensity scales in combination with ranges of plotting parameters to examine exhaustively the correlation of peaks and epitope location within 50 proteins mapped for polyclonal responses. After examining more than 10(6) combinations, we found that even the best set of scales and parameters performed only marginally better than random. Our results confirm the null hypothesis: Single-scale amino acid propensity profiles cannot be used to predict epitope location reliably. The implication for studies using such methods is obvious.
Requirements tracing (1998)

article Free Access Share on Requirements tracing Author: Matthias Jarke RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany RWTH Aachen, Aachen, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 41Issue 12Dec. 1998pp 32–36https://doi.org/10.1145/290133.290145Published:01 December 1998Publication History 106citation2,966DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations106Total Downloads2,966Last 12 Months134Last 6 weeks34 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Policy-based hybrid management architecture for IP-based VPN (2002)

This paper presents a policy-based hybrid management architecture for IP-based VPN (virtual private network) service that makes use of a centralized global policy management server.
Three-Phase Relative Permeability Correlations (1988)

ABSTRACT Several correlations have been proposed for prediction of three-phase relative permeability from two-phase data or from saturation/capillary-pressure relationships. These include the models of Stone, Hirasaki, Corey et al., Naar and Wygal, Land, Aleman, and Parker et al. This paper compares predictions of these models with predictions of two additional models (saturation-weighted interpolation and true-linear interpolation). The comparison is made using all the published three-phase experimental relative permeability data complete enough for application of the models. The comparison shows that the models are often not very good predictors of the experimental data. This points out a need for better relative permeability models in cases where three-phase flow may have a significant effect. In most cases, straight-line interpolation or saturation-weighted interpolation between the permeabilities at the two-phase boundaries of the three-phase flow region provided a better fit of the experimental data than did the theoretically-based models. The paper also demonstrates the utility of comparing the effects of different relative permeability models before using them in a reservoir simulation. Sometimes the result of a simulation can be heavily biased by the choice of relative permeability model used.
Trap-assisted charge injection in MNOS structures (1972)

A new charge injection mechanism in insulators--trap-assisted injection-is considered for the MNOS structure. The dependence-on field, temperature and oxide thickness of this injection current is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The observed injection is described as electron (or hole, for the opposite polarity) injection from the silicon conduction (valence) band into the nitride conduction (valence) band via a trap as an intermediate state. The transition mechanism is tunneling, or thermal-assisted tunneling.
An enzyme similar to animal type II photolyases mediates photoreactivation in Arabidopsis. (1997)

The important issue of photoreactivation DNA repair in plants has become even more interesting in recent years because a family of genes that are highly homologous to photoreactivating DNA repair enzymes but that function as blue light photoreceptors has been isolated. Here, we report the isolation of a novel photolyase-like sequence from Arabidopsis designated PHR1 (for photoreactivating enzyme). It shares little sequence similarity with either type I photolyases or the cryptochrome family of blue light photoreceptors. Instead, the PHR1 gene encodes an amino acid sequence with significant homology to the recently characterized type II photolyases identified in a number of prokaryotic and animal systems. PHR1 is a single-copy gene and is not expressed in dark-grown etiolated seedlings: the message is light inducible, which is similar to the expression profile for photoreactivation activity in plants. The PHR1 protein complements a photolyase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli and thus confers photoreactivation activity. In addition, an Arabidopsis mutant that is entirely lacking in photolyase activity has been found to contain a lesion within this Arabidopsis type II photolyase sequence. We conclude that PHR1 represents a genuine plant photolyase gene and that the plant genes with homology to type I photolyases (the cryptochrome family of blue light photoreceptors) do not contribute to photoreactivation repair, at least in the case of Arabidopsis.
The WI-L2-729-HF2 human hybridoma system. Stable hybrids at high frequency. (1983)

A new system for the rapid production at high frequency (greater than 10(-5] of stable human hybridomas is described. This system is based on a high efficiency fusion variant human lymphoblastoid cell line designated WI-L2-729-HF2 and is comparable in many ways to commonly used murine hybridoma systems. WI-L2-729-HF2 cells fuse at high frequency with mitogen-stimulated human b cells resulting in the rapid appearance (within 2 weeks) of stable hybridomas in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) medium. Whereas the WI-L2-729-HF2 cell line secretes only trace levels (50 to 100 ng/ml) of an IgG,kappa and has surface IgM,kappa, HAT-resistant hybridomas secrete high levels (10 to 20 micrograms/ml) of new human immunoglobulins, including immunoglobulins containing alpha or lambda chains not found in the tumor parental cell line. These hybridomas have remained stable for over four months in continuous culture, secreting high levels of new immunoglobulins in both conventional and serum-free medium, a feature which makes possible large-scale production and purification of human antibodies. This system has the potential to provide tools and reagents for investigations involving, for example, the diagnosis and treatment of human autoimmune disease and cancer.
On-Line Characterization of Vehicle Emissions by FT-IR and Mass Spectrometry (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A gas analysis system is described which is composed of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a quadrupole mass spectrometer, and a total hydrocarbon analyzer. This combination of instrumentation along with a unique sampling system allows on-line analysis of regulated and non-regulated emissions. Data are presented demonstrating the system's capability for analysis of regulated and non-regulated emissions from catalyzed and non-calatyzed exhaust. To demonstrate the accuracy of the analysis system, both oxygen and carbon mass balance data are given for an experiment involving the three/way catalysis of a steady-state gas stream synthesized to resemble the exhaust from a gasohol fueled engine. The use of these techniques for the analysis of vehicle emissions is also demonstrated.</div>
Short Term Link Performance Modeling for ML Receivers with Mutual Information per Bit Metrics (2008)

Link performance abstraction with simplified models that accurately capture the decoded receiver performance under fading channels has several applications. Such models help a receiver estimate a channel and map them to a performance metric, which allows it to select and recommend a preferred mode of transmission. In addition, these models capture the short term performance characteristics of link layer which can be used in system level studies. Mutual information metrics based on bit channels have been shown to give good performance prediction . In this paper, this approach is generalized by considering conditional PDFs of log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of these bit channels. A novel and key contribution of this paper is deriving mutual information per bit (MIB) metrics that capture the performance of non-linear receivers like maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver. These are expressed as simple parameterized functions of the channel matrix, which can be evaluated with low complexity in a system simulation. Numerical results are presented verifying the prediction accuracy of the proposed models. The corresponding methodology and the functions used are provided, which are applicable to WiMAX communication system evaluation.
The Blood-Brain Barrier in Cortical Multiple Sclerosis Lesions (2007)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed mainly of specialized endothelial cells characterized by the presence of intercellular tight junctions. Additionally, perivascular cells, astrocytes, and surrounding basement membranes determine BBB integrity. BBB disruption is an early phenomenon in the formation of new white matter multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions; however, knowledge of the extent of BBB changes in gray matter MS lesions is lacking. Here, we studied several markers for BBB integrity in well-characterized brain tissue of patients with MS. Plasma protein leakage was enhanced in white matter lesions compared with that in normal-appearing white matter, whereas plasma protein leakage was absent in gray matter lesions. White matter lesions showed irregular basement membranes and parenchymal depositions of collagen type IV, whereas purely gray matter lesions lacked basement membrane alterations. Similarly, we observed no evidence for astrogliosis and tight junction changes in cortical MS lesions. Although BBB dysfunction is a common feature of white matter MS lesions, cortical MS lesions lack markers for BBB disruption or astrogliosis. Our data may indicate that BBB breakdown is not a critical event in the formation of gray matter MS lesions.
Targeted delivery of CD40L promotes restricted activation of antigen-presenting cells and induction of cancer cell death (2014)

Targeted delivery of CD40L to cancer cells is a promising strategy that may help to trigger cancer-localized activation of CD40 and can be modified to exert additional anti-cancer activity via the targeting domain.