gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embryonic, foetal and placental development in the Common marmoset monkey (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>) (1985)

Embryonic. foetal and placental samples were taken at hysterotomy from timed and estimated stages of pregnancy. Timed pregnancies were sampled at least every 10 days, between days 30 and 140 of the 144‐day gestation Two placental discs of similar size were present in all cases. Placental growth followed a sigmoid curve with the most rapid growth being found between 60 and 90 days. Placentae from triplet pregnancies were larger and heavier than those from twin pregnancies. A description of the external characteristics of embryos and foetuses showed clear‐cut differences between each 10‐day interval. Foetal body weight was measured after day 70 and the body weight increased most rapidly after day 100. Twins were heavier than triplets during late pregnancy and at birth. The major organs were weighed after day 80 and the largest increase in weight gain was usually found between days 120 and 140. Fifty percent of the birth (is. 140‐day) weight was achieved by day 70–80 for the placenta and by day 120–130 for the body and organ weights. With the exception of the brain and adrenals, the body and organ weights at birth were 10–20° of their ultimate adult weight. The crown‐rump length (C.R.L.) was measured after day 50. The maximum increments in growth were found between days 70 and 110 and there was no difference between twins and triplets during pregnancy or at birth. Nineteen other trunk, limb and head measurements were taken after day 90 of pregnancy and the maximum increments in growth were found between 90 and 120 days. At birth, the trunk and limb measurements were 40° and the head was 68° of the adult size. In all weight and linear measurements, the rate of growth, which is the increment per unit of weight or length. was most rapid during the earliest time‐period measured.
DiazeneA Not so Innocent Ligand for the Binuclear Center of Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase (1998)

Diazene reacts rapidly with cytochrome c oxidase to reduce cytochrome a and CuA and to form a charge-transfer complex with ferric cytochrome a3; the diazene may serve to bridge the heme iron of this cytochrome and CuB. The complex is characterized by an intense, optically active absorbance located at 847 nm. A similar band had been observed previously upon reduction of cytochrome oxidase with hydrazine [Markossian, K. A., Paitian, N. A., and Nalbandyan, R. M. (1983) FEBS Lett. 156, 235-238], but it appears that this band is actually due to the diazene produced as a result of the oxidation of the hydrazine that occurs in this process. A similar diazene to iron charge-transfer band is found following the reaction of diazene with ferric horseradish peroxidase and with hemin chloride but not with met-myoglobin.
Localization of <i>Escherichia coli rpoC</i> Mutations That Affect RNA Polymerase Assembly and Activity at High Temperature (1999)

We localized five rpoC (beta') mutations affecting Escherichia coli RNA polymerase assembly. The Ts4, XH56, and R120 mutations changed beta' residues conserved throughout eubacteria; the JE10092 mutation occurred in the hypervariable region; rpoC1 (TsX) changed a universally conserved residue and corresponds to yeast rpb1-1. Thus, distinct, predominantly conserved beta' residues participate in interactions holding RNA polymerase together.
Analysis of Sparse Representation and Blind Source Separation (2004)

In this letter, we analyze a two-stage cluster-then-l(1)-optimization approach for sparse representation of a data matrix, which is also a promising approach for blind source separation (BSS) in which fewer sensors than sources are present. First, sparse representation (factorization) of a data matrix is discussed. For a given overcomplete basis matrix, the corresponding sparse solution (coefficient matrix) with minimum l(1) norm is unique with probability one, which can be obtained using a standard linear programming algorithm. The equivalence of the l(1)-norm solution and the l(0)-norm solution is also analyzed according to a probabilistic framework. If the obtained l(1)-norm solution is sufficiently sparse, then it is equal to the l(0)-norm solution with a high probability. Furthermore, the l(1)- norm solution is robust to noise, but the l(0)-norm solution is not, showing that the l(1)-norm is a good sparsity measure. These results can be used as a recoverability analysis of BSS, as discussed. The basis matrix in this article is estimated using a clustering algorithm followed by normalization, in which the matrix columns are the cluster centers of normalized data column vectors. Zibulevsky, Pearlmutter, Boll, and Kisilev (2000) used this kind of two-stage approach in underdetermined BSS. Our recoverability analysis shows that this approach can deal with the situation in which the sources are overlapped to some degree in the analyzed domain and with the case in which the source number is unknown. It is also robust to additive noise and estimation error in the mixing matrix. Finally, four simulation examples and an EEG data analysis example are presented to illustrate the algorithm's utility and demonstrate its performance.
A Scenario-Adaptive Driving Behavior Prediction Approach to Urban Autonomous Driving (2017)

Driving through dynamically changing traffic scenarios is a highly challenging task for autonomous vehicles, especially on urban roadways. Prediction of surrounding vehicles’ driving behaviors plays a crucial role in autonomous vehicles. Most traditional driving behavior prediction models work only for a specific traffic scenario and cannot be adapted to different scenarios. In addition, priori driving knowledge was never considered sufficiently. This study proposes a novel scenario-adaptive approach to solve these problems. A novel ontology model was developed to model traffic scenarios. Continuous features of driving behavior were learned by Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Then, a knowledge base was constructed to specify the model adaptation strategies and store priori probabilities based on the scenario’s characteristics. Finally, the target vehicle’s future behavior was predicted considering both a posteriori probabilities and a priori probabilities. The proposed approach was sufficiently evaluated with a real autonomous vehicle. The application scope of traditional models can be extended to a variety of scenarios, while the prediction performance can be improved by the consideration of priori knowledge. For lane-changing behaviors, the prediction time horizon can be extended by up to 56% (0.76 s) on average. Meanwhile, long-term prediction precision can be enhanced by over 26%.
IgA1 proteases from <i>Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus sanguis</i>: comparative immunochemical studies. (1980)

IgA1 proteases from H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and S. sanguis were compared with respect to site of cleavage in the IgA1 molecule and EDTA sensitivity. Proteases from S. sanguis and S. pneumoniae cleaved the Pro (227)-Thr (228) bond within the hinge region of the alpha 1 chain and were inhibited by EDTA. H. influenzae IgA1 protease cleaved the Pro (231)-Ser (232) peptide bond. The activity of IgA1 proteases from H. influenzae and N. meningitidis was unaffected by EDTA. Purified and denatured alpha 1 chain was cleaved only in the hinge region. Other component chains of secretory IgA (secretory component, light and J chains) were not susceptible. In addition to IgA1 protease, S. pneumoniae released exo- and endoglycosidases that removed a considerable portion of carbohydrate side chains of IgA1; this activity was absent from crude IgA1 protease preparations of the other three bacterial species. Association in vitro of polymeric IgA1 with SC did not inhibit the degradation of IgA1 proteases. The considerable resistance of secretory IgA to cleavage by IgA1 proteases may be explained in part by the presence of IgA1 protease-neutralizing antibodies in secretory IgA.
Reduced fibrinolytic capacity and its restoration by plasminogen substitution in acute renal failure. (1989)

A common finding in acute renal failure, particularly if it is caused by septic shock, consists of fibrin deposits in the intrarenal blood vessels. In a study of fibrinolytic parameters in 82 patients with severe bacterial infections, a significant negative correlation between plasminogen plasma concentration and serum creatinine was found. On admission the plasminogen levels were lower than the alpha 2-antiplasmin concentrations, which means a reduction of the fibrinolytic capacity due to a preponderance of the inhibitor. Preliminary experience with a replacement therapy is here reported. In 9 patients with an acute renal failure due to septicaemia or other serious diseases with shock, a substitution with fresh frozen plasma and antithrombin III concentrate was carried out in order to stop disseminated coagulation. A considerable increase of urine excretion was observed in 5 of these patients in close connection with the additional administration of a plasminogen concentrate.
[Salicylanilides: still a potential antibacterially active group]. (2004)

The review presents a survey of potential biologically active salicylanilides, focusing particularly on their antibacterial activity. Emergence of bacterial resistance to a large number of antibacterial agents represents a major world-wide problem. On that account, perpetual attention is paid to the preparation of new bioactive antibacterial compounds. Salicylanilides belong to the group of compounds that have shown activity against gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, the strains representing the most significant problem in clinical practice. In 1998, a new mechanism of their action was proposed. Salicylanilides are inhibitors of two-component regulatory systems in bacteria. Electron-accepting substituents on the salicylic and hydrophobic groups on the anilide ring are most essential for the activity, but other electronic and structural parameters may also play an important role. Our aim, based on SAR analysis, is to develop new active drugs esterified by amino acid and later peptides. Furthermore, analogues carrying the hydroxybenzamide moiety may uncouple oxidative phosphorylation.
Self-Calibrating Deep Photometric Stereo Networks (2019)

This paper proposes an uncalibrated photometric stereo method for non-Lambertian scenes based on deep learning. Unlike previous approaches that heavily rely on assumptions of specific reflectances and light source distributions, our method is able to determine both shape and light directions of a scene with unknown arbitrary reflectances observed under unknown varying light directions. To achieve this goal, we propose a two-stage deep learning architecture, called SDPS-Net, which can effectively take advantage of intermediate supervision, resulting in reduced learning difficulty compared to a single-stage model. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms previous uncalibrated photometric stereo methods.
Identification of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Platelets by [3H]Dihydroergocryptine Binding (1978)

A B ST RA CT Binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine to platelet lysates appears to have all the characteristics of binding to a-adrenergic receptors. At 25C binding reaches equilibrium within 20 min and is reversible upon addition of excess phentolamine. Binding is satu- rable with 183+22 fmol of [3H]dihydroergocryptine bound per mg of protein at saturation, corresponding to 220+26 sites per platelet. Kinetic and equilibrium studies indicate the dissociation constant of [3H]dihydroergocryptine for the receptors is 1-3 nM. The spec- ificity of the binding sites is typical of an a-adrenergic receptor. Catecholamine agonists compete for occupancy of the [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites with an order of potency (-)epinephrine> (-)norepi- nephrine> (-)isoproterenol. Stereospecificity was dem- onstrated inasmuch as the (+)isomers of epinephrine and norepinephrine were 10-20-fold less potent than the (-)isomers. The potent a-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, and yohimbine competed potently for the sites, whereas 8-antagonists such as propranolol and dichlorisoproterenol were quite weak. Dopamine and serotonin competed only at high concentrations (0.1 mM).
Distributed group-based cooperative caching in a mobile broadcast environment (2005)

Caching is a key technique for improving data retrieval performance of mobile clients. The emergence of state-of-the-art peer-to-peer communication technologies now brings to reality what we call "cooperative caching" in which mobile clients not only can retrieve data items from mobile support stations, but also from the cache in their peers, thereby inducing a new dimension for mobile data caching. In this paper, we propose a distributed group-based cooperative caching scheme, in which we define the concept of a tightly-coupled group (TCG) by capturing the data affinity of individual peers and their mobility patterns, in a mobile broadcast environment. A distributed stable peer discovery protocol is proposed for discovering all TCGs dynamically. In addition, a cache signature scheme is adopted to provide hints for the mobile clients to determine whether their required data items are cached by their neighboring peers, and to perform cooperative cache replacement to increase overall data availability. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our distributed group-based cooperative caching scheme.
Gacyclidine (Beaufour-Ipsen). (2001)

Beaufour-Ipsen is developing gacyclidine (GK-11) for the potential treatment of traumatic brain injury. Phase II clinical trials of the compound for this indication had been completed as of October 1999 and the company is looking for a partnership before undertaking further clinical development for this and, possibly, other indications [344879], [346265], [386763]. Phase II trials for acute spinal cord injury gave disappointing results and development for this indication has been discontinued [344879].
Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding: comparison of three outpatient procedures within cohorts defined by age and menopausal status (2004)

Decision-making about investigation would be clarified if postmenopausal women were studied separately from premenopausal women with menstrual bleeding problems. For postmenopausal women exclusion of cancer is a main objective, so once investigation has been completed discharge follows, but in the woman with abnormal menstrual bleeding, even if serious pathology is excluded, the original presenting symptoms require management. About 60% of premenopausal women with abnormal bleeding reported that their symptoms were not 'much improved' at 10 months. Research is needed to understand this phenomenon, and to explore ways to integrate patient factors into optimising evaluation and treatment. The significance of benign pathologies in this group also requires clarification. Given the relatively small differences observed in cost-effectiveness, there is justification for allowing other issues (such as clinician preferences and women's perspectives) to influence decisions as to the investigation method. There is scope to make better use of patient factors to inform decisions as to the most efficient and acceptable method of investigation for an individual woman. Additional analyses, using data available as a result of this study, will contribute to this agenda.
Topographic anatomy and CT correlations in the untreated glioblastoma multiforme (1988)

To provide baseline information for the "local" therapy of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), whole-brain histological sections of 15 untreated GBM's were studied to determine the distribution of neoplastic cells. These findings were then compared with the computerized tomography (CT) scans in 11 cases in order to determine the extent to which the peripheral portion of the neoplasm can be estimated by the presence of a low-density area without contrast enhancement. The results of the histological study confirmed the marked heterogeneity of GBM's and disclosed a great variability in the geometry, extent, and character of the peripheral "infiltrating" margin. In spite of the widely held concept that glioblastomas are localized within 2 cm of the contrast-enhanced rim, there were three cases in this two-dimensional study in which this distance was exceeded, and it seems likely that three-dimensional reconstructions would have detected additional cases in which neoplastic cells extended beyond this arbitrary limit. Only three of the 15 GBM's were restricted to the distribution of one internal carotid or one vertebral artery. To the extent that the neoplasms in the present series are representative, this suggests that glioblastomas will be difficult to treat successfully by intra-arterial therapy using existing therapeutic agents. Correlations of histological sections with the CT scans revealed that the vast majority of the neoplastic tissue was contained within the contrast-enhancing and "peritumoral" areas of low density, but that in five cases fingers of neoplasm extended for short distances beyond the outer margin of the latter region. This indicates that the distribution of cells of a GBM cannot be inferred from CT images since the "peritumoral" area of low density can over- or underestimate the extent of the lesion.
Lucky-electron model of channel hot electron emission (1979)

The lucky electron model proposes that an electron is emitted into SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> by first gaining enough energy without suffering an energy stripping collision in the channel and then being redirected toward the Si/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interfact. A closed-form expression for the gate current has successfully reproduced the dependence on V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> ,V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> and L. This model also suggests a straightforward correlation with the substrate current. By measuring the substrate current one may be able to replace or supplement long-term stress test for studying a component of channel hot electron emission that causes instability but does not show up in the gate current. The lucky electron model suggests that the channel hot electron effect would be negligible if V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> is less than 2.5 volt no matter how small the channel length or junction depth.
Genetic analysis of the additional sex combs locus of Drosophila melanogaster. (1992)

Additional sex combs (Asx) is a member of the Polycomb group of genes, which are thought to be required for maintenance of chromatin structure. To better understand the function of Asx, we have isolated nine new alleles, each of which acts like a gain of function mutation. Asx is required for normal determination of segment identity. AsxP1 shows an unusual phenotype in that anterior and posterior homeotic transformations are seen in the same individuals, suggesting that AsxP1 might upset chromatin structure in a way that makes both activation and repression of homeotic genes more difficult. Analysis of embryonic and adult phenotypes of Asx alleles suggests that Asx is required zygotically for determination of segment number and polarity. The expression pattern of even-skipped is altered in Asx mutant embryos, suggesting that Asx is required for normal expression of this gene. We have transposon-tagged the Asx gene, and can thus begin molecular analysis of its function.
The USDA Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring Program (1998)

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Monitoring Program has been measuring UV radiation since 1994. The initial network of 12 stations employed broadband meters to measure UVB irradiance and included ancillary measurements of temperature, humidity, and irradiance at seven wavelengths in the visible produced by a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR). Since that beginning the network has expanded to more than 20 stations and the broadband meters have been supplemented with a seven-wavelength Ultraviolet Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (UV-MFRSR). The network has been designed to include 30 stations, each with a full complement of instrumentation. Annual characterizations of the network's filter radiometers indicate that gradual shifts in instrument response are manageable but must be accounted for to achieve accurate and precise measurements of UV irradiance. The characterization and calibration of the filter instruments is discussed along with filter stability and instrument precision. Broadband instruments are shown to be quite stable and collocated instruments are shown to agree to within 2.3% for zenith angles less than 80° under all sky conditions. Preliminary investigations into the accuracy of the UV-MFRSR calibrated with the Langley method are presented and successful column ozone retrievals are demonstrated with the UV-MFRSR under clear skies.
Inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy (IETS) of carboxylic acids and related systems chemisorbed on plasma-grown aluminium oxide. Part 2.—Propynoic acid, propenoic acid and 3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid (1979)

A study of the inelastic electron tunnelling spectra (IETS) of propynoic acid, propenoic acid and 3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid shows that these are chemisorbed from the vapour on to plasma-grown aluminium oxide as surface-bound carboxylate species. In the case of propynoic acid there is clear evidence for reaction of the triple bond at some of the adsorption sites. Similar considerations apply to the propenoic acid but not to the sterically more crowded 3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid. It is suggested that these surface reactions of the adsorbed carboxylate species may involve a Brønsted acid protonation of the π-electron systems present. Observed band intensities are held to be indicative of an adsorbate orientation to the surface which is close to the vertical.
A Study of Configuration Recognition and Workability Judgment Method for Modular Manipulator. (1997)

A design concept of TOMMS, TOshiba Modular Manipulator system, has been already proposed to achieve a modular manipulator system which can be assembled into any desired configuration to provide adaptability to tasks, using as few kinds and types of modules as possible, without special handling such as modification of control software. To realize the concept, we developed a constitution and configuration recognition method of the assembled manipulator using electric resistance which is simple, practical and reliable. Moreover, to actualize the system which can offer the best suitable manipulator constitution and configuration for the desired task, we developed a workability judgment method considering the degeneracy of degreeds of freedom (d. o. f.) of the manipulator and the conditions of the desired. These methods were applied to the trial system TOMMS-1 and their efficiency and practicality were confirmed.