gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversal of sodium pump inhibitor induced vascular smooth muscle contraction with digibind Stoichiometry and its implications (1996)

The possibility that a circulating sodium pump inhibitor contributes to the pathogenesis of volume-dependent hypertension via an action on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) is supported by multiple lines of investigation, but remains controversial. We had two goals in this study. The first was to compare the pattern of contractile response of rabbit aorta induced by two candidates, ouabain and a labile sodium pump inhibitor that we have identified in the peritoneal dialysate of volume-expanded hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. Our second goal was to examine the ability of Digibind, a Fab fragment of antisera directed against digoxin, to reverse VSM contraction induced by both agents. Ouabain induced a concentration-dependent contraction, which was delayed in onset, was gradual, and reached a stable plateau after many hours. The labile sodium pump inhibitor induced a qualitatively similar series of responses. Digibind rapidly reversed the contractile responses to both sodium pump inhibitors, with a rate of relaxation that matched that induced by physical removal of the pump inhibitor from the bath. For ouabain, the Digibind:ouabain stoichiometry was highly predictable. When Digibind was present in a molar concentration equivalent to that of ouabain, or less, it had no effect. When the Digibind concentration was twice that of ouabain, complete relaxation occurred. Although the concentration:VSM response relationship for ouabain was steep, the concentration:effect interaction with Digibind was even more steep. The molar concentration of Digibind required to reverse the effects of the labile endogenous inhibitor from peritoneal dialysate was consistently lower than that for ouabain, which is compatible with either greater potency of the labile factor in VSM or greater affinity for Digibind. These findings are compatible with a role for one or more endogenous sodium pump inhibitors as the determinant of vascular smooth muscle tone in the volume-sensitive hypertension of renal disease.
Rapamycin Prevents and Breaks the Anti-CD3–Induced Tolerance in NOD Mice (2009)

Our findings indicate that, when combined with anti-CD3, rapamycin exerts a detrimental effect on the disease outcome in NOD mice for as long as it is administered. These results suggest strong caution with regard to combining these treatments in type 1 diabetic patients.
A Short Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)‐5‐Hydroxy‐2‐penten‐4‐olide from <scp>D</scp>‐Mannitol via 2,3‐<i>O</i>‐Isopropylidene‐<scp>D</scp>‐glyceraldehyde (1987)

Abstract ( S )‐5‐Hydroxy‐2‐penten‐4‐olide ( 5 ) was synthesized in three steps starting from D ‐mannitol bis(acetonide) ( 1 ), via D ‐glyceraldehyde acetonide ( 2 ) by Z ‐selective Wittig reaction, acid‐catalyzed lactonization and crystallization with a total yield of 40%.
An Integrated Per-Channel PCM Encoder Based on Interpolation (1979)

A novel technique called interpolation has been used to integrate a per-channel PCM encoder in a standard digital circuit technology. This encoder converts voiceband analog signals to both an oversampled 1-bit code and uniform PCM with μ-law companding noise. The circuit comprises approximately 550 integrated injection logic gates together with a resistive digital-to-analog converter, a voltage reference, and a simple differential amplifier. The encoder is part of a full PCM codec chip set suitable for a broad range of voiceband telecommunication applications.
Nanocomposite films of lead zirconate titanate and metallic nickel by sol-gel route (1995)

Films of composition 0.27 PbO, 0.24 ZrO2, 0.27 TiO2, 0.22 NiO, and containing micrometer sized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) crystallites and nanometer sized nickel particles have been synthesized by a sol-gel technique. Metal particles have diameters in the range 2.0–7.6 nm. The films exhibit values of dielectric constant in the range 220–410 at a frequency of 1 kHz at room temperature. The optical absorption coefficient of the films shows a peak at ∼400 nm. The peak position shifts to higher wavelengths as the metal particle size is increased. The Mie theory is used to explain the results.
Multiphase, Multicomponent Compressibility in Petroleum Reservoir Engineering (1986)

ABSTRACT Coefficients of compressibilities below the bubble point were computed with a thermodynamic model for single and multicomponent systems. Results showed coefficients of compressibility below the bubble point larger than the gas coefficient of compressibility at the same conditions. Two-phase compressibilities computed in the conventional way are underestimated and may lead to errors in reserve estimation and well test analysis.
Application of High-Temperature Simulated Distillation to the Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction Process in Petroleum Refining (2000)

The gas chromatographic method of high-temperature simulated distillation (HTSD) is described, and the results are presented for the application of HTSD to the characterization of petroleum refinery feed and products from solvent deasphalting operations. Results are presented for refinery residual feed, deasphalted oil, and asphaltene fractions from the residual oil supercritical extraction process. Asphaltene removal from petroleum residuum using solvent deasphalting results in the improved quality and high recovery of deasphalted oil product for use as lube oil, fluid catalytic cracking, or hydrocracker feedstocks. The HTSD procedure presented here proves valuable for characterizing the fractions from the deasphalting process to obtain the percentage yield with boiling point data over the range from approximately 36 degrees C (97 degrees F) to 733 degrees C (1352 degrees F), which covers the boiling range of n-paraffins of carbon number C5 to C108.
Miscible polybenzimidazole blends with a benzophenone‐based polyimide (1988)

Abstract Miscible blends of the aromatic polybenzimidazole, poly(2,2( m ‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐benzimidazole) (PBI), and the aromatic polyimide formed from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,3′‐diaminobenzophenone (LaRC TPI) have been prepared. Blends with PBI were prepared in N,N ‐dimethylacetamide solution starting with either the polyamic acid or a 95% imidized form of LaRC TPI; the blend was then precipitated into water or cast as films. The mixture was then imidized thermally to obtain PBI/LaRC TPI blends. Evidence for miscibility was obtained in the form of single composition dependent T g 's intermediate between those of the component polymers and single tan δ dynamic mechanical relaxation peaks. The IR spectra displayed shifts in the NH stretching band, thereby providing evidence for specific interactions related to the miscibility of these two polymers.
Perceived service and support needs during transition from hospital to home following acquired brain injury (2010)

The findings suggest that the scope of existing service models need to be extended to bridge the existing gap between inpatient and community services, thereby easing the impact of transition.
The Application of Liquid State Machines in Robot Path Planning (2009)

This paper discusses the Liquid state machines and does some researches on spiking neural network and Parallel Delta Rule, using them to solve the robot path planning optimization problems, at the same time we do simulation by Matlab, the result of the experimental reveal that the LSM can solve these problems effectively.
Combined Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and Manometry Clarifies Esophageal Function Abnormalities: Study in 350 Patients (2004)

Esophageal body pressures primarily determine bolus transit with isolated LES abnormalities appearing to have little effect on esophageal function. MII clarifies functional abnormalities in patients with abnormal manometric studies.
Electrostatic micro-actuator with a pre-charged series capacitor: modeling, design, and demonstration (2014)

As a powerful method to reduce actuation voltage in an electrostatic micro-actuator, we propose and investigate an electrostatic micro-actuator with a pre-charged series capacitor. In contrast to a conventional electrostatic actuator, the injected pre-charges into the series capacitor can freely modulate the pull-in voltage of the proposed actuator even after the completion of fabrication. The static characteristics of the proposed actuator were investigated by first developing analytical models based on a parallel-plate capacitor model. We then successfully designed and demonstrated a micro-switch with a pre-charged series capacitor. The pull-in voltage of the fabricated micro-switch was reduced from 65.4 to 0.6 V when pre-charged with 46.3 V. The on-resistance of the fabricated micro-switch was almost the same as the initial one, even when the device was pre-charged, which was demonstrated for the first time. All results from the analytical models, finite element method simulations, and measurements were in good agreement with deviations of less than 10%. This work can be favorably adapted to electrostatic micro-switches which need a low actuation voltage without noticeable degradation of performance.
Signaling Functions of L-Selectin in Neutrophils: Alterations in the Cytoskeleton and Colocalization with CD18 (1999)

Ligation and clustering of L-selectin by Ab ("cross-linking") or physiologic ligands results in activation of diverse responses that favor enhanced microvascular sequestration and emigration of neutrophils. The earliest responses include a rise in intracellular calcium, enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Additionally, cross-linking of L-selectin induces sustained shape change and activation of beta2 integrins, leading to neutrophil arrest under conditions of shear flow. In this report, we examined several possible mechanisms whereby transmembrane signals from L-selectin might contribute to an increase in the microvascular retention of neutrophils and enhanced efficiency of emigration. In human peripheral blood neutrophils, cross-linking of L-selectin induced alterations in cellular biophysical properties, including a decrease in cell deformability associated with F-actin assembly and redistribution, as well as enhanced adhesion of microspheres bound to beta2 integrins. L-selectin and the beta2 integrin became spatially colocalized as determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We conclude that intracellular signals from L-selectin may enhance the microvascular sequestration of neutrophils at sites of inflammation through a combination of cytoskeletal alterations leading to cell stiffening and an increase in adhesiveness mediated through alterations in beta2 integrins.
Smart Contracts for Multiagent Plan Execution in Untrusted Cyber-Physical Systems (2018)

Intelligent Cyber-physical systems can be modeled as multi-agent systems with planning capability to impart adaptivity for changing contexts. In such multi-agent systems, the protocol for plan execution must result in the proper completion and ordering of actions in spite of their distributed execution. However, in untrusted scenarios, there is a possibility of agents not respecting the protocol either due to faults or due to malicious reasons thereby resulting in plan failure. In order to prevent such situations, we propose to implement the execution of agents through smart contracts. This points to a generic architecture seamlessly integrating intelligent planning-based CPS and smart-contracts.
Correlation between increased hyaluronan localized in arthritic synovium and the presence of proliferating cells. A role for macrophage‐derived factors (1992)

Edema and swelling seen in inflamed joints may be due to the presence of large amounts of hyaluronan. One possible mechanism of action of corticosteroids in the alleviation of acute joint inflammation may occur via the inhibition of hyaluronan production.
Stabilized-speckle integral field spectroscopy: SPIFS (2008)

We describe an instrument concept and basic feasibility study for a new observational technique which we call Stabilized-sPeckle Integral Field Spectroscopy (SPIFS). SPIFS will enable, under certain observational conditions and constraints, low-to-modest-Strehl diffraction-limited imaging spectroscopy from large ground-based telescopes in the optical bandpass (i.e. V, R, and I bands). SPIFS is capable of exploring important scientific niches which are not currently available using existing high angular resolution techniques such as adaptive optics or speckle imaging, using existing, relatively-inexpensive technology. Based on our simulations presented in a companion paper (Keremedjiev, Eikenberry & Carson, 2008), SPIFS can provide integral field spectroscopy at ~15-mas resolution and ~3% Strehl over the I-band with sky coverage of ~20% to 100% in the Galactic Plane and ~5% at the Galactic poles. We present an overview of the SPIFS technique and simulated performance in realistic observations of the microquasar SS 433 to demonstrate one simple example of the power of SPIFS.
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Deficiency Alters Acute Macrophage Distribution and Improves Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.7 million persons annually in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). There is increasing evidence that persons exposed to TBI have increased risk of the development of multiple neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer disease (AD). TBI triggers a strong neuroinflammatory response characterized by astrogliosis, activation of microglia, and infiltration of peripheral monocytes. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in innate immunity promote neurodegeneration. This includes genetic studies demonstrating that mutations in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is associated with a higher risk for not only AD but also multiple neurodegenerative diseases. To examine whether TREM2 deficiency affects pathological outcomes of TBI, Trem2 knockout (Trem2<sup>-/-</sup>) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice were given a lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) and sacrificed at 3 and 120 days post-injury (DPI) to look at both acute and chronic consequences of TREM2 deficiency. Notably, at 3 DPI, B6 mice exposed to TBI exhibited increased expression of TREM2 in the brain. Further, Trem2<sup>-/-</sup> mice exposed to TBI exhibited enhanced macrophage activation near the lesion, but significantly less macrophage activation away from the lesion when compared with B6 mice exposed to TBI. In addition, at 120 DPI, Trem2<sup>-/-</sup> mice exposed to TBI demonstrated reduced hippocampal atrophy and rescue of TBI-induced behavioral changes when compared with B6 mice exposed to TBI. Taken together, this study suggests that TREM2 deficiency influences both acute and chronic responses to TBI, leading to an altered macrophage response at early time points, and improved pathological and functional outcomes at later time points.
National, Regional, and Worldwide Estimates of Preterm Birth Rates in the Year 2010 With Time Trends Since 1990 for Selected Countries (2013)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious Issues Collections Obstetric Airway ManagementMaternal EmbolismRegional Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionGeneral Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionAnalgesia for LaborObstetric HemorrhagePre-Eclampsia/EclampsiaPharmacologyTraumaInfection and SepsisMaternal ObesityMaternl Morbidity and MortalityNeonatal Morbidity and MortalityObstetric ComplicationsAnesthetic ComplicationsNon-Obstetric Maternal DiseaseCritical CareDrug Abuse in PregnancyEthicsSystems Based Practice For Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Polarity inversion of aluminum nitride by direct wafer bonding (2018)

A novel fabrication process based on direct bonding technologies is proposed and demonstrated to achieve polarity inversion in AlN. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy observation clearly showed an atomically flat bonding interface and an abrupt transition from Al polarity (+c) to N polarity (−c) through a single monolayer. This ideal polarity inversion of III–nitride materials is expected to provide new insight into heteropolar device applications.
Electroabsorption and refraction by electron transfer in asymmetric modulation-doped multiple quantum well structures (1989)

We present a novel heterostructure that exhibits large electroabsorption and refraction. The structure is periodic with a stackable building block, thus it allows large contrast and waveguide operation. The mechanism used is the quenching of absorption produced by transfer of electrons from a reservoir into a quantum well. We demonstrate the principle by presenting differential absorption and refraction spectra on a ten-period device.
Soft X-Ray Beamsplitters And Highly Dispersive Multilayer Mirrors For Use As Soft X-Ray Laser Cavity Components (1987)

The demonstration of amplified spontaneous emission at soft x-ray wavelengths has highlighted the need for normal incidence optics for soft x-rays. Specifically, x-ray laser cavity components will be needed to further advances in x-ray laser research. In this paper, we present the fabrication, characterization and analysis of two possible cavity components, an x-ray beamsplitter and a highly dispersive multilayer mirror. Each of these can be used as x-ray laser cavity output couplers.
Principles and Performance Analysis of Doppler Navigation Systems (1957)

The fundamental concepts of a Doppler navigation system are described. The theory of operation, design considerations, performance characteristics, and limitations of a Doppler radar are discussed along with the basic principles and major characteristics of navigational computers and heading references. The over-all performance characteristics of a Doppler navigation system and their dependence on the various characteristics of its major components are analyzed. It is shown that the over-all system accuracy of a Doppler system is a function of the accuracies of all three major components of the system-the Doppler radar, the computer, and the heading reference. Thus, the over-all system accuracy is shown to be no better than that of its weakest link. In most current systems, it is the heading reference error which swamps the other errors in the system. The performance capabilities of typical modern Doppler navigation systems are outlined. Such systems are shown to provide information on ground speed, drift angle, present position, and course and distance to destination. Complete Doppler navigation systems have been or being built which will produce maximum (95 per cent probability) position errors of less than 1.5 per cent of distance traveled over land and average sea state (neglecting unknown water motion effects). The maximum position error over water of any sea state is likely to be less than 2 per cent of distance traveled. Over-all position errors in per cent of distance traveled tend to decrease with distance.
Material properties of high-quality GaAs epitaxial layers grown on Si substrates (1986)

We report an investigation of the materials properties of GaAs on Si epitaxial layers. By using properly oriented substrates, we have found that a substantial reduction in the density of threading dislocations can be achieved. In the presence of steps, dislocations with their Burgers vectors in the (100) substrate plane are preferentially generated, which are more effective in accommodating lattice mismatch and do not thread into the epitaxial layer. We have also found that the density of threading dislocations can be reduced significantly by the use of GaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic superlattices. Using these techniques, dislocation densities of as low as 103–104 cm−2 have been achieved in 2-μm-thick GaAs on Si epitaxial layers. In growth on nominal (100) orientations, where it is known that single atomic steps dominate, we have found no evidence of antiphase domains by transmission electron microscopy or chemical etching. This result suggests that it may not be energetically favorable for antiphase domains to form in these samples. Alternatively antiphase domains may propagate along the {111} directions and annihilate one another. For GaAs/(Al,Ga)As double heterojunction (DH) laser structures on Si substrates, the dislocation control techniques have made possible electroluminescence intensity (spontaneous emission) within a factor of 2 of state-of-the-art DH lasers on GaAs (which for reference lased at a current threshold density of 600 A/cm2). These results compare to within experimental determination. Electroluminescence intensities were also found to increase with increasing initial growth temperature. Stripe geometry lasers with room-temperature pulsed threshold currents as low as 170 mA for 10×240 μm2 stripe have been obtained using these techniques.
PROTECTION OF SHENLIBAO AGAINST MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN RABBITS (2008)

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenlibao against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits.Methods An animal model was established by ligation of left desending coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min.Fifty-six rabbbits were randomly divided into seven groups: saline control group,sham-operation group,media control group,high-dose Shenlibao group,moderate-dose Shenlibao group,low-dose Shenlibao group and nicardipine hydrochloride treatment group.Serum level of CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA) and free fatty acids(NFFA) were detected. Results Compared with the control groups,Shenlibao decreased the activity of CK-MB and LDH in blood plasma(F=13.031-32.604;P0.05,0.01).Furthermore,Shenlibao of three different-dosage groups increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)(F=8.765,P0.01),reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)(F=2.880,P0.05) and free fatty acids(NFFA) content in myocardium(Z1=Z2=Z3=-2.329,P0.01),and raised myocardial norepinephrine(NE) contents(F=15.927,P0.01). Conclusion Shenlibao has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.The mechanism is related to the clearance of free radicals and inhibition of subsequent lipid peroxidation.
An Overview of the Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease (2007)

Abnormalities of calcium-phosphate balance, with subsequent bone metabolism disorders, are among the key and earliest features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, another consequence of these abnormalities was brought to light-namely, vascular calcification. Most studies performed in patients on dialysis suggest that their vascular calcification is more advanced than that seen in the general population. Furthermore, the progression of vessel wall mineralization is much more dynamic in patients with CKD. Apart from the commonly assessed factors that promote vascular calcification, such as age, duration of dialysis, or poor control of calcium-phosphate status, several other factors have recently been identified. In the spectrum of substances involved in the regulation of the process of soft-tissue calcification, the most extensively studied in the nephrology literature are bone morphogenetic protein 7, osteoprotegerin, matrix Gla protein, fetuin-A, and the phosphatonins. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying excess vascular mineralization have led to the development of promising new therapies.