gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy: Gone with the Typing! Identifying Web Users by Their Typing Patterns (2011)

The lack of privacy protection for Internet users has been identified as a major problem in modern web browsers. While authenticating web users by their typing patterns has been well studied and successfully applied in practice, the related privacy risk of identification by typing patterns has received little attention in both the research and general community. In this paper we present a simple but effective statistical detection model for constructing users' identity from their typing patterns. Extensive experiments are conducted to justify the accuracy of our model. Using this model, online adversaries could uncover the identity of Web users even if they are using anonym zing services. Our goal is to raise awareness of this privacy risk to general Internet users and encourage countermeasures in future implementations of anonymous browsing techniques.
Flexible Electro-Optic, Single-Crystal Difference Frequency Generation Architecture for Ultrafast Mid-Infrared Dual-Comb Spectroscopy (2018)

Crowded with the fundamental signatures of many popular molecules, the mid-infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum is particularly attractive for applications ranging from identification of transient phenomena to sensing of trace gases. Dual-comb spectroscopy is a technique that unveils the potential to access this region with a pair of phase-locked optical frequency combs on a high-resolution, real-time basis without the mechanical limitations of traditional spectrometers. As the ideal characteristics of an optical frequency comb are strongly influenced by the target application, electro-optic dual-comb systems are one of the most promising solutions with full capabilities to neatly fit to the application of interest beyond laboratory environments. Parameters such as resolution, measurement speed, or central wavelength are easily adjustable by means of compact, low-cost arrangements based on commercial off-the-shelf components. To fully exploit their potential for molecular spectroscopy, we present here a modular instrument designed to perform ultrafast dual-comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region. The architecture comprises a fiberized near-infrared electro-optic dual-comb scheme and a single-crystal difference frequency generation module to generate mid-infrared combs, thus significantly alleviating the complexity of the free-space setup while preserving absolute independence between the instrument and the sample of study. The feasibility of the instrument is successfully validated by recovering the absorption profile of methane at 2896.98 cm–1 within tens of microseconds.
Use of state variable active filters as differentiators, rate meters, and end-point locators (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of state variable active filters as differentiators, rate meters, and end-point locatorsRobert H. Callicott and Peter W. CarrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 12, 1840–1842Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60348a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60348a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemoselective Staudinger‐Phosphite Reaction of Azides for the Phosphorylation of Proteins (2009)

Extending the toolbox: The title reaction was identified as a chemoselective means to modify azides in peptides and proteins in high yields at room temperature in various solvents including aqueous buffers at physiological pH. In combination with nonnatural protein translation the Staudinger-phosphite reaction allows the site-specific incorporation of phosphorylated Tyr analogues in proteins.
Effect of Oxygen Gas Addition on Preparation of Iridium and Platinum Films by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

The effect of oxygen gas addition on deposition rates, composition and microstructure was investigated in preparing Ir and Pt films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using Ir- and Pt-acetylacetonate precursors. Without the addition of oxygen gas, 20 mass% of carbon at most was contained in the films. The carbon was amorphous, surrounding metal particles of several nanometers in diameter. The addition of oxygen gas is effective in obtaining carbon-free Ir and Pt films, and the films grow epitaxially on MgO and sapphire single crystal substrates.
<i>Athila4</i> of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>Calypso</i> of Soybean Define a Lineage of Endogenous Plant Retroviruses (2001)

The Athila retroelements of Arabidopsis thaliana encode a putative envelope gene, suggesting that they are infectious retroviruses. Because most insertions are highly degenerate, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the A. thaliana genome sequence to discern their conserved features. One family (Athila4) was identified whose members are largely intact and share >94% nucleotide identity. As a basis for comparison, related elements (the Calypso elements) were characterized from soybean. Consensus Calypso and Athila4 elements are 12-14 kb in length and have long terminal repeats of 1.3-1.8 kb. Gag and Pol are encoded on a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1801 (Calypso) and 1911 (Athila4) amino acids. Following the Gag-Pol ORF are noncoding regions of ~0.7 and 2 kb, which, respectively, flank the env-like gene. The env-like ORF begins with a putative splice acceptor site and encodes a protein with a predicted central transmembrane domain, similar to retroviral env genes. RNA of Athila elements was detected in an A. thaliana strain with decreased DNA methylation (ddm1). Additionally, a PCR survey identified related reverse transcriptases in diverse angiosperm genomes. Their ubiquitous nature and the potential for horizontal transfer by infection implicates these endogenous retroviruses as important vehicles for plant genome evolution.
Proteinpolysaccharide Complex from Bovine Nasal Cartilage (1969)

Abstract Proteinpolysaccharide complex from bovine nasal cartilage exhibits a bimodal distribution of sedimentation coefficients when analyzed in the ultracentrifuge in associative solvents such as 0.5 m guanidinium chloride. The faster sedimenting mode disaggregates in dissociative solvents such as 4 m guanidinium chloride, giving a unimodal centrifugal pattern. Proteinpolysaccharide complex is separated into two fractions by equilibrium centrifugation in a cesium chloride gradient formed in the presence of 4 m guanidinium chloride: a glycoprotein fraction, recovered in the top of the gradient, contains 30% of the absorbance at 280 mµ of proteinpolysaccharide complex but less than 3% of the weight, while proteoglycan subunit, recovered in the bottom, contains more than 95% of the hexuronate. The subunit no longer aggregates in associative solvents, but is capable of aggregating when recombined with the glycoprotein fraction. The amount and type of aggregate formed when dissociative extracts are brought to associative conditions are determined by the pH of the extraction solvent; recovery of aggregate is maximal when extraction and reaggregation are carried out at pH 5.8. The aggregate dissociates completely when exposed to a solvent pH of 3.5 or less; disaggregation also occurs if the solvent is 2 m or greater in guanidinium chloride. The viscosities of proteinpolysaccharide complex solutions increase with increasing relative content of aggregate. Reduction and alkylation of isolated proteoglycan subunit and of the glycoprotein fraction suggest that disulfide bonds in both are required for aggregation, but that those in the former are more sensitive to reduction.
A draft network of ligand–receptor-mediated multicellular signalling in human (2015)

Cell-to-cell communication across multiple cell types and tissues strictly governs proper functioning of metazoans and extensively relies on interactions between secreted ligands and cell-surface receptors. Herein, we present the first large-scale map of cell-to-cell communication between 144 human primary cell types. We reveal that most cells express tens to hundreds of ligands and receptors to create a highly connected signalling network through multiple ligand-receptor paths. We also observe extensive autocrine signalling with approximately two-thirds of partners possibly interacting on the same cell type. We find that plasma membrane and secreted proteins have the highest cell-type specificity, they are evolutionarily younger than intracellular proteins, and that most receptors had evolved before their ligands. We provide an online tool to interactively query and visualize our networks and demonstrate how this tool can reveal novel cell-to-cell interactions with the prediction that mast cells signal to monoblastic lineages via the CSF1-CSF1R interacting pair.
Soybean Saponin and Isoflavonoids (1993)

Nine kinds of isoflavone glycosides were isolated from the hypocotyls of soybean seeds. Three were proved to be malonylated soybean isoflavones named 6"-O-malonyldaizin, 6"-O-malonylglycitin and 6"-O-malonylgenistin. Soyasaponins are divided into three groups according to their respective type of aglycone, soyasapogenol A, B and E. Bb, major constituent of group B saponins, completely inhibited HIV-induced cytopathic effects and virusspecific antigen expression 6 days after infection at concentration greater than 0.25 mg/ml, but had no direct effect on HIV reverse transcriptase activity. Bb also inhibited HIV-induced cell fusion in the MOLT-4 cell system.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THYROIDS AND LIVERS OF RATS AND MICE FED DIETS CONTAINING <i>BRASSICA</i> GLUCOSINOLATES (1972)

A histopathological comparison was made of thyroid and liver tissue from weanling mice and rats fed six different diets. The experimental diets contained mustard or rapeseed meal (RSM) varieties of high glucosinolate content, namely, Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea), Yellow Sarson (B. campestris), Target (B. napus) and Fe-treated Target (glucosinolate hydrolyzed by FeSO 4 ). The two control diets contained a low glucosinolate variety of rapeseed meal, Bronowski (B. napus), or casein to provide approximately 20% dietary protein. Seven mice and seven rats were fed each diet 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Both body growth rate and the histopathology of the thyroid gland were affected by the inclusion of rapeseed meals in the diet. The effect was more marked in rats than in mice. Whereas the high glucosinolate-containing RSM (cult Target) diet produced poorest performance in rats (P < 0.01) and mice (P < 0.05), the low glucosinolate RSM (cult Bronowski) diet was as efficiently utilized as the casein diet. Epithelial cell heights of the thyroid follicles were increased in the mice and rats fed Target RSM, but only rats showed a high degree of papillary formation. Liver involvement at the microscopic level was slight. The measurement of epithelial cell height showed most promise as an accurate indicator of cell size.
Comparison of native and capric acid-enriched mustard oil effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in rats (2011)

The present study evaluated the effect of mustard oil enriched in capric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid, on antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and brain and on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver, brain and plasma in rats; the effect of adding cholesterol to the diet was also investigated. Charles Foster male albino rats weighing 80-100 g were fed one of four diets for 30 d (six rats per group). In the absence of added dietary cholesterol, the addition of capric acid to the diet resulted in lower plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations, higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations, higher antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and brain and lower MDA concentrations in liver, brain and plasma. Adding cholesterol to the diet increased plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration, decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased tissue and plasma MDA concentrations. Including capric acid in the diet of rats receiving cholesterol at least partly prevented the effects of the increased cholesterol. It is concluded that compared with native mustard oil, capric acid-enriched mustard oil improves blood lipids, enhances antioxidant protection and reduces lipid peroxidation.
OFDM-MAC algorithms and their impact on TCP performance in next generation mobile networks (2008)

Next generation wireless systems employ Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) physical layer owing to the high data rate transmissions that are possible without increase in bandwidth. While TCP performance has been extensively studied for interaction with link layer ARQ, little attention has been given to the interaction of TCP with MAC layer. In this work, we explore cross-layer interactions in an OFDM based wireless system, specifically focusing on channel-aware resource allocation strategies at the MAC layer and its impact on TCP congestion control. Both efficiency and fairness oriented MAC resource allocation strategies were designed for evaluating the performance of TCP. The former schemes try to exploit the channel diversity to maximize the system throughput, while the latter schemes try to provide a fair resource allocation over sufficiently long time duration. From a TCP goodput standpoint, we show that the class of MAC algorithms that incorporate a fairness metric and consider the backlog outperform the channel diversity exploiting schemes.
Deformable mirror with thermal actuators (2002)

Low-cost adaptive optics is applied in lasers, scientific instrumentation, ultrafast sciences, and ophthalmology. These applications demand that the deformable mirrors used be simple, inexpensive, reliable, and efficient. We report a novel type of ultralow-cost deformable mirror with thermal actuators. The device has a response time of ~5 s , an actuator stroke of ~6mum , and temporal stability of ~lambda/10 rms in the visible range and can be used for correction of rather large aberrations with slow-changing amplitude.
Cell–cell interactions in the endocrine pancreas (2009)

Cell–cell communication within any given tissue is an important aspect of correct organ function. The islets of Langerhans forming the endocrine pancreas are composed of α‐, β‐, δ‐, ε‐ and PP‐cells, and interactions between these cells are required for fine‐tuning glucose homeostasis of the body. The endocrine cells communicate through homotypic or heterotypic cell‐cell adhesion, or in a paracrine fashion, and this communication is involved in the regulated secretion of islet hormones. This review discusses how islet hormones, secreted molecules and ions influence the endocrine cells and how cell adhesion molecules such as neural cell adhesion molecule, cadherins, connexin‐36, Eph receptors and ephrin ligands, as well as extracellular matrix proteins, modulate pancreatic islet function.
Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in the osteoarthritis (2011)

Objective To investigate the activation mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-13 zymogen (pro-MMP-13) induced by nitric oxide (NO). Methods Human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353) were grouped and treated with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), SNAP + NO scavenger oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb), and SNAP + tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase material -2 (TIMP-2) respectively. After stimulation, matrix metalloproteinase -13 ( a-MMP-13 ) expression level was detected. Besides, the expression levels of MT1- MMP were detected after SW1353 cells stimulated with SNAP and SNAP + OxyHb, respectively. At last, the activities of the recombinant MMP-13 (r-MMP-13) were detected after r-MMP-13 stimulated with SNAP, recombinant MT1-MMP (r-MT1-MMP) and r-MT1-MMP + TIMP-2,respectively. Results SNAP increased human chondrocytes a-MMP-13 expression, OxyHb and TIMP-2 inhibited a- MMP- 13 expression. SNAP also increased the expression of MT1- MMP levels, OxyHb inhibited the expression of MT1-MMP. r-MT1-MMP activated the r-MMP-13, but SNAP did not, TIMP-2 inhibited the activity of r-MMP-13 induced by r-MT1-MMP. Conclusions NO can not directly activate pro-MMP13 by the role of S-nitroso-(S nitrosylation). MT1-MMP mediates the activiation of pro-MMP-13 induced by NO.

Key words: 
Nitric oxide; Matrix metalloproteinase- 13; Activation
Clustering Algorithm for Multiple Data Streams Based on Spectral Component Similarity (2008)

A new algorithm for clustering multiple data streams is proposed. The algorithm can effectively cluster data streams which show similar behavior with some unknown time delays. The algorithm uses the autoregressive (AR) modeling technique to measure correlations between data streams. It exploits estimated frequencies spectra to extract the essential features of streams. Each stream is represented as the sum of spectral components and the correlation is measured component-wise. Each spectral component is described by four parameters, namely, amplitude, phase, damping rate and frequency. Thee-lag-correlation between two spectral components is calculated. The algorithm uses such information as similarity measures in clustering data streams. Based on a sliding window model, the algorithm can continuously report the most recent clustering results and adjust the number of clusters. Experiments on real and synthetic streams show that the proposed clustering method has a higher speed and clustering quality than other similar methods.
Self-Cancellation of Sample Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems in the Presence of Carrier Frequency Offset (2010)

A self-cancellation scheme is proposed to cope with the sample frequency offset (SFO) problem in OFDM systems in the presence of a carrier frequency offset (CFO). Making use of the symmetry between the phase shifts caused by SFO and the subcarrier index, we put the same constellation symbol on symmetrical subcarriers, and combine the pairs at the receiver coherently. In this way, the SFO effects are approximately cancelled with the price of cutting down the bandwidth efficiency by half. However some array gain and diversity gain are obtained from the symmetrical combining. Our scheme can work well together with the phase tracking for residual CFO, so that both SFO and residual CFO can be removed with low complexity. Simulations show that, our scheme effectively removes the effect of SFO; the proposed system outperforms the ideal normal OFDM systems (with no SFO) under the same energy efficiency at high SNR, so the proposed system will also outperform the normal system that using the same overhead for SFO estimation. Finally, a mixed system is proposed to mitigate the drawbacks of our design and the normal OFDM systems for the SFO compensation. Our scheme may be helpful for the synchronization of multiple SFOs in the cooperative transmission.
Multi-hydroxy additions onto C60 fullerene molecules (1992)

L. Y. Chiang, J. W. Swirczewski, C. S. Hsu, S. K. Chowdhury, S. Cameron and K. Creegan, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 1791 DOI: 10.1039/C39920001791
A system for semantic query optimization (1987)

This paper describes a scheme to utilize semantic integrity constraints in optimizing a user specified query. The scheme uses a graph theoretic approach to identify redundant join clauses and redundant restriction clauses specified in a user query. An algorithm is suggested to eliminate such redundant joins and avoid unnecessary restrictions. In addition to these eliminations, the algorithm aims to introduce as many restrictions on indexed attributes as possible, thus yielding an equivalent, but potentially more profitable, form of the original query.
ChemInform Abstract: A Biomimetic Approach to Sporidesmins. Synthesis of an α,β‐Epoxytryptophan Derivative. (1987)

Abstract To investigate the probable biosynthetic pathway to sporidesmins like (III) via the epoxides (I) and (II) the model compound (VI) is synthesized starting from the tryptophan derivative (IV).
Biological effectiveness of electrostatically charged rotary atomisers. (1984)

SUMMARY In 1982 seven trials on non‐cereal crops examined the effectiveness of electrostatically charged rotary atomisers with different crop‐pest combinations. Compared with conventional hydraulic sprays electrostatically applied sprays deposited much more chemical on potatoes, field beans, oilseed rape and peas, and gave better control of the pea and bean weevil ( Sitona lineatus ) on field beans, the pea moth ( Cydia nigricana ) and of fungal diseases of oilseed rape. However on swedes, sugar beet and Brussels sprouts deposits of pesticide were increased only on some parts of the plant. The control of mildew ( Erysiphe cruciferarum ) on swede and Erysiphe betae on sugar beet) and of caterpillars ( Pieris spp.) living within the central whorl of leaves on Brussels sprouts was not as great as when a high‐volume hydraulic sprayer was used.
The adaptive agent architecture: achieving fault-tolerance using persistent broker teams (2002)

Brokered multi-agent systems can be incapacitated and rendered non-functional when the brokers become inaccessible due to failures that can occur in any distributed software system. We propose that the theory of teamwork can be used to specify robust brokered architectures that can recover from broker failures, and we present the adaptive agent architecture (AAA) to show the feasibility of this approach. The previous teamwork theory based on joint intentions assumes that team members remain in a team as long as the team exists. We extend this theory to allow dynamic broker teams whose members can change with time. We also introduce a theory of restorative maintenance goals that enables the brokers in an AAA broker team to start new brokers and recruit them to the broker team. As a result, an AAA-based multi-agent system can maintain a specified number of functional brokers in the system despite broker failures, thus effectively becoming a self-healing system.
Efficient Traffic Control Using Hash Function Filter for Massive IoT Computational RFID Communications (2017)

RFID is one of the most effective candidates of the Internet of Things (IoT) to interconnect the diverse physical objects. Recently computational RFID (CRFID), which adds sensing and computing functions to RFID, further enhanced conventional RFID. Techniques for controlling heavy communication traffic coming from CRFID tags are becoming more important. In this paper, we have proposed a method for tags selectively transmit information using a filter through hash functions when the reader collects tag information in a massive CRFID IoT network. The proposed scheme improves the communication system efficiency and reduces the total number of time slots for data transmission.