gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single wheel, gyroscopically stabilized robot (1997)

The authors have developed a unique, single-wheel robot that exploits gyroscopic forces for steering and stability. Experiments with two working models show promise for the concept for high-speed, rough-terrain and amphibious applications.
Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of Surface Methoxy and Dimethyl Ether Formation from Methanol Catalyzed by Zeolitic Protons (1997)

Density functional theory is used to study the zeolite acid catalyzed methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether. Three different reaction pathways are proposed. In the first, methanol adsorption and surface methoxy species formation are the initial elementary steps for this reaction. Subsequent dimethyl ether formation by reaction of a new methanol molecule with the surface methoxy species takes place. The second path involves the simultaneous adsorption and activation of two methanol molecules with formation of dimethyl ether and water in one step. The third path involves also the simultaneous adsorption and activation of two methanol molecules. The difference is that, like in the first path, initially a methoxy surface species will be formed from dehydration of one of the methanol molecules, and this will be followed by dimethyl ether formation. The second path appears to be the preferred route for dimethyl ether formation, since its activation barrier is lower than the other two paths. The effect of making the zeolitic cluster slightly more acidic (by lengthening the Si−H bond distances) over the activation barriers of dimethyl ether formation has been studied. Changes on the order of 5 kJ/mol are observed. An analysis of the reaction rate constants for the three reaction paths of methanol dehydration is also presented.
CCXXVI.—The Reimer–Tiemann reaction with m-chlorophenol (1927)

H. H. Hodgson and T. A. Jenkinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 1740 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270001740
Unusual Lock-In Thermography Signals: Schottky-Type Grid Contacts, Peltier Effects, and Thermal Wave Interference (2006)

The technique of lock-in thermography (LIT) provides a number of well-established methods to image the lateral homogeneity of electrical parameters of solar cells. Using these methods, linear (ohmic) and nonlinear (diode-like) local leakage currents (edge currents, shunts), local Joule heating, and inhomogeneities of the series resistance and of the minority carrier lifetime can be imaged. However, in some cases, unusual LIT signals appear, which cannot be interpreted in the frame of generally accepted LIT methods. This contribution explains LIT signals connected with Schottky-type grid contacts, Peltier effects, and thermal wave interference, which is important to avoid any misinterpretation of LIT results
TÜRKİYEDE SIGIR SUN'İ TOHUMLAMA TATBİKATININ HALİHAZIR DURUMU VE GELİşTİRİLME OLANAKLARI (1963)

Güneybatı, Batı iç Anadolu ve Ege bölgelerindeki 14 ilde II boğalı sun'i tohumlama istasyonu vardır. İzmir (Bornova) sun'i tohumlama istas- ,yonunda Holştien boğaları, geri kalanlarda ise Montafon boğaları kullanılmaktadır. Afyon, Konya, İzmir (Tire) ve Manisa sun'i tohumlama istasyonlarının sperma ihtiyaçları, yakın olan öbür istasyonlardan sağlanmakla bu bölgelerde -boğalı istasyonların sayısı 7 ye düşürülebilir. Genellikle, istasyonların tohumladıkları inek sayılarında her yıl tedrici bir artış y~r almıştır. Bu bölgelerdeki ı o ilde, i960 ve i 96 i yıııarında, toplam olarak 13. 8i i ve 14. 45 i inek tohumlanmış; elde edilen doğum pranları ise, % 67.1 ve % 63.9 olmuştur. 1962 yılında, bölgedeki 14 ilde, toplam olarak 18.638 inek tohumlanmıştır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde elde edile;" sonuçlar karşısında çok küçük olan bu rakka~lar, Türkiye şartları altında küçümsenmiyecek bir deger taşırlar. 0. i Sun'i tohumlama 'istasyonlarının çoğunluğunda yapılan çalışmaların, özellikle, boğa bakımı ve kullanılması, spermanın değerlendirilmesi ve dönen ineklerin izlenmesiyle ilgili olanların biyolojik bilgilere uygun şekilde düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. i 286 - Türkiye'de Sığır Sun'i Tohumlaması Görevli teknisyenlerin nazari ve pratik bilgilerinin, kısa süreli kurslarla arttırılmasına ve çalışmaların sun'i tohumlama uzmanlarınca kontrol ettirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Yetiştiricilerin Sun'i tohumlamaya karşı, genellikle mevcut olan olumlu tutumları, bilimsel gerçekıere uyan telkinlerle arttırılmalı; ve yüksek bir . dölverimi almak şartına bağlı olarak fazla sayıda inel( tohumlamak ereği esas alınmalıdır. . Tohumlama yapılan bölgedeki bütün ineklerin !ohumlanmasını karşı- 'layacak yeter potansiyele malik olmadıkça, yerli tosunl~rın, redikal şekilde enenmesi yolu tutulmamalı, ama, melez tosunlar mutlaka enenmelidir. Yeter sayıda kalifiye teknisyen, araç ve malzeme sağlanmadan; yol dur~mu ve yetiştiricinin sun'i toh,umlamaya karşı olumlu isteği tesbit edilmeden sun'i tohumlama uygulama bölgesinigenişletmemeli, hatta, uygulamaya geçilen yerde, iyice yerleşmeden ve yetiştirici sun'i tohumlamayı gereği gibi benimsemeden, çok yakın da olsa başka yerlerde sun'i tohumlama uygulanmasına geçilmemelidir.
Factor Graph Attention (2019)

Dialog is an effective way to exchange information, but subtle details and nuances are extremely important. While significant progress has paved a path to address visual dialog with algorithms, details and nuances remain a challenge. Attention mechanisms have demonstrated compelling results to extract details in visual question answering and also provide a convincing framework for visual dialog due to their interpretability and effectiveness. However, the many data utilities that accompany visual dialog challenge existing attention techniques. We address this issue and develop a general attention mechanism for visual dialog which operates on any number of data utilities. To this end, we design a factor graph based attention mechanism which combines any number of utility representations. We illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach on the challenging and recently introduced VisDial datasets, outperforming recent state-of-the-art methods by 1.1% for VisDial0.9 and by 2% for VisDial1.0 on MRR. Our ensemble model improved the MRR score on VisDial1.0 by more than 6%.
Neuroprosthesis consumers' forum: consumer priorities for research directions. (2002)

The purpose of this forum was to discuss with consumers having spinal cord injury what their research priorities would be for the field of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and to explore the impact of technology in the lives of people with disabilities. Both FES users and nonusers were included on the panel. The format for the discussion was primarily question and answer, with each participant giving his or her personal response to the moderator's question. Consumer research priorities depended on the individual and his or her personal priorities, preferences, background, history, and level of injury. Common themes that emerged were independence, ease of movement, ease of control, and spontaneity. From the consumers' perspective, the focus of research to restore function ought to be based on the needs and desires of the consumer, not just on the scientifically intriguing aspects of a particular technology.
DAMPs and inflammatory processes: the role of redox in the different outcomes (2009)

Inflammation is deeply entangled with redox modulation. Triggering of PRRs on inflammatory cells induces ROS generation. As a consequence, activated cells mount antioxidant responses to counteract the possible harmful effects of oxidation. Therefore, when repair is completed, homeostasis is restored. Here, we describe some recent results showing that an exuberant antioxidant response to pro-oxidant inflammatory stimuli modifies not only the intra- but also the extracellular redox and contributes to the outcome of the inflammatory process. In particular, the role of redox modulation in IL-1beta secretion, in B lymphocyte differentiation to plasma cells, and in tumor progression will be discussed, and the potential consequences of extracellular redox alterations on DAMP activity will be considered.
Oxygenation Targets and Outcomes in Premature Infants (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An iterative interference canceller with log-likelihood ratio compensation for LDPC coded MIMO systems (2006)

This paper proposes a new iterative interference canceller (IIC) with log-likelihood ratio (LLR) compensation for low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems in order to mitigate the influence of error propagation. The proposed IIC compensates the LLR, which is obtained from the LDPC decoding, by adding the LLR obtained at previous turns of iteration. Computer simulation results show that the proposed the IIC with LLR compensation can obtain 3dB of Eb/N0 gain for achieving WER=10 -3 compared with the IIC without LLR compensation and requires less than 1dB of additional Eb/N0 compared with the maximum a posteriori (MAP) demodulator.
Failure analysis of electric circuit board by high resolution magnetic field microscopy (2013)

In this paper, we demonstrate various electric current imaging using electromagnetic field reconstruction method, and show its capability of reducing stray magnetic field effect.
Droplet Velocity Measurement Based on Dielectric Layer Thickness Variation Using Digital Microfluidic Devices (2018)

In recent years, the number of interdisciplinary research works related to the development of miniaturized systems with integrated chemical and biological analyses is increasing. Digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) are one kind of miniaturized systems designed for conducting inexpensive, fast, convenient and reliable biochemical assay procedures focusing on basic scientific research and medical diagnostics. The role of a dielectric layer in the digital microfluidic biochips is prominent as it helps in actuating microliter droplets based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technique. The advantages of using three different material layers of dielectric such as parafilm, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) were reported in the current work. A simple fabrication process of a digital microfluidic device was performed and good results were obtained. The threshold of the actuation voltage was determined for all dielectric materials of varying thicknesses. Additionally, the OpenDrop device was tested by utilizing a single-plate system to transport microliter droplets for a bioassay operation. With the newly proposed fabrication methods, these dielectric materials showed changes in contact angle and droplet velocity when the actuation voltage was applied. The threshold actuation voltage for the dielectric layers of 10⁻13 μm was 190 V for the open plate DMFBs.
Multiple-pronunciation lexical modeling in a speaker independent speech understanding system (1994)

One of the sources of difficulty in speech recognition and understanding is the variability due to alternate pronunciations of words. To address the issue we have investigated the use of multiple-pronunciation models (MPMs) in the decoding stage of a speaker-independent speech understanding system. In this paper we address three important issues regarding MPMs: (a) Model construction: How can MPMs be built from available data without human intervention? (b) Model embedding: How should MPM construction interact with the training of the sub-word unit models on which they are based? (c) Utility: Do they help in speech recognition? Automatic, data-driven MPM construction is accomplished using a structural HMM induction algorithm. The resulting MPMs are trained jointlywith a multi-layer perceptron functioningas a phonetic likelihood estimator. The experiments reported here demonstrate that MPMs can significantly improve speech recognition results over standard single pronunciation models.
Nicotinamide treatment ameliorates the course of experimental colitis mediated by enhanced neutrophil‐specific antibacterial clearance (2014)

Pharmacological application of NAM mediates beneficial effects in bacterial and chemically induced colitis. Future studies are needed to explore the clinical potential of NAM in the context of intestinal bacterial infections and human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Sulfated Oligosaccharides Isolated from the Deamination Products of Heparins1 (1981)

Porcine heparin, whale heparin, and a solvolyzed porcine heparin were deaminated, and sulfated oligosaccharides, compounds 3f, 4f, 3s, 4s, 5, 6, 7s, 10, 11f, 11s, and 13 were isolated from the deamination products by Dowex 1 x 2 (Cl- form) column chromatography and high voltage paper electrophoresis and/or gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Based on the results of chemical, 1H and 13C NMR spectral analyses, and of Smith degradation, together with previous observations, the structures of these sulfated oligosaccharides are proposed to be as follows: compound 3f, IdUA(2S)alpha 1 leads to GlcNAc alpha 1 leads to 4GlcUA; compound 4f, IdUA alpha 1 leads to 4GlcNAc(6S) alpha 1 leads to 4GlcUA; compound 3s, IdUA(2S) alpha 1 leads to 4GlcNAc alpha 1 leads to 4 GlcUA beta 1 leads to 4a Man; compound 4s, IdUA alpha 1 leads to 4Glc NAc(6S) alpha 1 leads to 4 GlcUA beta 1 leads to 4aMan; compound 5, IdUA(2S) alpha 1 leads to 4aMan; compound 6, GlcUA beta 1 leads to aMan(6S); compound 7s, IdUA alpha 1 leads to 4aMan(6S); compound 10, IdUA(2S)alpha 1 leads 4GlcNAc(6S)alpha 1 leads to 4 GlcUA beta 1 leads to 4aMan; compound 11f, IdUA(2S) alpha 1 leads 4GlcNAc alpha 1 leads to 4GlcUA beta 1 leads to 4a Man (6S); compound 11s, IdUA alpha 1 leads to GlcNAc(6S) alpha 1 leads to 4GlcUA beta 1 leads to 4aMan(6S); compound 13, IdUA(2S) alpha 1 leads to 4aMan(6S). For ths sulfated disaccharides, the same results as those reported in our previous papers were obtained. On the other hand, the proportion of total sulfated tri- and tetrasaccharides from whale heparin was 1.9 times higher than that from porcine heparine, reflecting a higher content of GlcNAc in the former. Also, the yields of compound 11s from these two heparins were comparable to their anticoagulant activities. In addition, certain 2-O-sulfates on IdUA flanked with GlcNS(6X) (X=H or S) in the heparin molecule are suggested to be important for the activity.
Structure of an aryl esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. (2004)

The structure of PFE, an aryl esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, has been solved to a resolution of 1.8 A by X-ray diffraction and shows a characteristic alpha/beta-hydrolase fold. In addition to catalyzing the hydrolysis of esters in vitro, PFE also shows low bromoperoxidase activity. PFE shows highest structural similarity, including the active-site environment, to a family of non-heme bacterial haloperoxidases, with an r.m.s. deviation in 271 C(alpha) atoms between PFE and its five closest structural neighbors averaging 0.8 A. PFE has far less similarity (r.m.s. deviation in 218 C(alpha) atoms of 5.0 A) to P. fluorescens carboxyl esterase. PFE favors activated esters with small acyl groups, such as phenyl acetate. The X-ray structure of PFE reveals a significantly occluded active site. In addition, several residues, including Trp28 and Met95, limit the size of the acyl-binding pocket, explaining its preference for small acyl groups.
Efficient storage, computation, and exposure of computer-generated holograms by electron-beam lithography (1993)

An efficient storage format was developed for computer-generated holograms for use in electron-beam lithography. This method employs run-length encoding and Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression and succeeds in exposing holograms that were previously infeasible owing to the hologram's tremendous pattern-data file size. These holograms also require significant computation; thus the algorithm was implemented on a parallel computer, which improved performance by 2 orders of magnitude. The decompression algorithm was integrated into the Cambridge electron-beam machine's front-end processor.Although this provides much-needed ability, some hardware enhancements will be required in the future to overcome inadequacies in the current front-end processor that result in a lengthy exposure time.
Complexity and challenges in defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells (2014)

Study of myeloid cells endowed with suppressive activity is an active field of research which has particular importance in cancer, in view of the negative regulatory capacity of these cells to the host's immune response. The expansion of these cells, called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), has been documented in many models of tumor-bearing mice and in patients with tumors of various origin, and their presence is associated with disease progression and reduced survival. For this reason, monitoring this type of cell expansion is of clinical importance, and flow cytometry is the technique of choice for their identification. Over the years, it has been demonstrated that MDSCs comprise a group of immature myeloid cells belonging both to monocytic and granulocytic lineages, with several stages of differentiation; their occurrence depends on tumor-derived soluble factors, which guide their expansion and determine their block of differentiation. Because of their heterogeneous composition, accurate phenotyping of these cells requires a multicolor approach, so that the expansion of all MDSC subsets can be appreciated. This review article focuses on identifying MDSCs and discusses problems associated with phenotyping circulating and tumor-associated MDSCs in humans and in mouse models.
Identification of Vertebral Fractures in Osteoporosis (2002)

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. These lead to subsequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to low-trauma or atraumatic fractures, most commonly vertebral fractures but also fractures of hip and wrist. These have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care cost. Studies have demonstrated that the presence of vertebral fractures is an independent and significant predictor of the increased risk for further fractures. The occurrence of a vertebral fracture is often clinically asymptomatic, and many of these fractures, therefore, remain undiagnosed. Recently, a number of techniques have been developed that allow for reliable identification of vertebral fractures on radiographs. The two most widely used methods in clinical research are the semiquantitative assessment of vertebral deformities, which is based on visual evaluation, and the quantitative approach, which is based on different morphometric criteria. In our practice for osteoporosis evaluation we use the Genant semiquantitative approach-an accurate and reproducible method, tested and applied in many clinical studies. The newest generation of fan-beam dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) systems delivering "high-resolution" lateral spine images offer a potential practical alternative to radiographs for clinical vertebral fracture analysis. The advantages of using DXA over conventional X-ray devices are its minimal radiation exposure and high-speed image acquisition. It also allows combined evaluation of vertebral fracture status and bone mineral density, which could become a standard for patient assessment in osteoporosis.
Optimum hysteresis level, signal averaging time and handover delay (2002)

An analytical approach is shown to optimize the different parameters involved in a handover decision making. These include the received signal averaging time, hysteresis level and the handover delay. It is shown that for accurate and stable handover in microcells, a short averaging time and a large hysteresis level are desired, while the reverse is true for macrocells.
Regulation of Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Transcription and Protein Expression<i>In Vivo</i> (1998)

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are glucocorticoid-activated transcription factors that modulate expression of a variety of neuronal genes. Appropriate control of GR expression is therefore critical for maintenance of cellular and organismic homeostasis. The present study assessed glucocorticoid regulation of the GR at the gene, mRNA, and protein level. Removal of circulating glucocorticoids (adrenalectomy) increased GR mRNA expression in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG). Corticosterone (CORT) replacement normalized GR mRNA expression, whereas high doses slightly decreased GR mRNA in CA1. Parallel increases were observed using a probe complementary to the distal 3′ untranslated region, indicating that mRNA changes were not attributable to selection of alternative polyadenylation site. Expression of a GR intronic sequence was also increased by adrenalectomy, consistent with increased gene transcription. Analysis of regional GR protein expression by immunoautoradiography did not reveal changes in GR protein in pyramidal cell layers; however, increased GR signal was seen in the stratum radiatum, indicating redistribution of GR to the cytosol. Western blot analysis confirmed adrenalectomy-induced increases in hippocampal GR levels. Administration of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone increased both GR mRNA and protein in CA1 and DG, consistent with MR-mediated inhibition of GR transcription. However, high-dose CORT treatment did not decrease GR mRNA or protein levels. Chronic stress exposure did not downregulate GR mRNA or protein in hippocampus. The results suggest that the hippocampal GR is subject to heterologous regulation by the MR. In contrast, GR autoregulation is only evident during prolonged exposure to high-circulating glucocorticoid levels.
Responses of Endothelial Cell and Astrocyte Matrix-Integrin Receptors to Ischemia Mimic Those Observed in the Neurovascular Unit (2007)

Ischemia in vitro significantly increased endothelial cell beta1 expression, which is consistent with the increase in beta1 transcription by microvessels peripheral to the ischemic core. The loss of alpha1 and alpha 6 integrins from murine astrocytes is identical to that seen in the nonhuman primate in vivo. These findings establish both isolated murine cerebral endothelial cells and astrocytes as potential integrin response cognates of microvascular cells of the neurovascular unit in primates, and allow determination of the mechanisms of their changes to ischemia.