gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles on the Release of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha from Rat Alveolar Macrophages (1997)

The effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and their components (washed dust and methanol extracts) on the release of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-I (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by alveolar macrophages (AM) were investigated. Rat AM were incubated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 micrograms/10(6) AM/mL of DEP, methanol-washed DEP, or equivalent concentrations of DEP methanol extracts at 37 degrees C for 24 h. AM-conditioned supernatants were collected and assayed for the activities of IL-1 and TNF-alpha. At high concentrations both DEP and DEP methanol extracts were shown to increase IL-I-like activity secreted by AM, whereas methanol-washed DEP had no effect. Neither DEP, methanol-washed DEP, nor DEP methanol extracts was found to stimulate the secretion of TNF-alpha. The effects of DEP on the release of IL-I and TNF-alpha by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-primed AM were also studied. AM were preincubated with various concentrations of DEP for 2 h, then challenged with either 0.1 microgram/mL of LPS or 5 units/mL of IFN-gamma. DEP inhibited LPS-stimulated production of H-I and TNF-alpha. These inhibitory effects were attributed to the organic extracts of DEP. In contrast, stimulation of AM production of TNF-alpha by IFN-gamma was not affected by DEP exposure. In summary, evidence that DEP enhanced the production of IL-1 by AM in vitro suggests that this proinflammatory cytokine may play a role in the pulmonary response to DEP inhalation. The suppressive response of DEP-pretreated AM to LPS stimulation may be a contributing factor to the impairment of pulmonary defense system after prolonged DEP exposure.
Foam Cell Formation Inhibits Growth of <i> <b>Chlamydia pneumoniae</b> </i> but Does Not Attenuate <i> <b>Chlamydia pneumoniae</b> </i> –Induced Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines (2002)

Foam cell formation is not conducive to growth of C pneumoniae but does not inhibit the C pneumoniae-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
Cyclic AMP reverses the pro‐fibrogenic phenotype of cardiac myofibroblasts (850.3) (2014)

Previous data have shown that increased cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) can prevent the transformation of cardiac fibroblast (CFs) into pro‐fibrogenic myofibroblasts (MyoFbs), a transformation that precedes increased extracellular matrix deposition and cardiac fibrosis. We have now investigated two additional roles for cAMP: 1) contribution to the MyoFb phenotype and 2) reversal of the MyoFb phenotype. We found that MyoFbs have lower cAMP content than do CFs, and in addition, have decreased mRNA and protein expression of isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC), including AC5 and AC6, the two major AC isoforms, and increased expression of several phosphodiesterase isoforms. Incubation of primary isolates of adult rat CFs with a pro‐fibrotic stimulus, TGFβ1 (10ng/mL, 48hr), prominently increases mRNA and protein expression of collagen Iα1, Iα2, III, α‐smooth muscle actin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and cellular contractile state. All these hallmarks of the fibrogenic state were reversed in MyoFbs incubated with 10µM forskolin (a direct AC activator). Furthermore, incubation with N6‐Phe‐cAMP (a PKA selective analog) also reversed the pro‐fibrogenic state. We conclude that MyoFbs have a lower level of cAMP and that increasing cAMP content can reverse their pro‐fibrotic state. Approaches to increase cAMP in MyoFbs may provide a means to treat cardiac fibrosis. Grant Funding Source : NIH
Co-sedimentation of chondroitin sulfate A glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans with the cytolytic secretory granules of rat large granular lymphocyte (LGL) tumor cells, and identification of a mRNA in normal and transformed LGL that encodes proteoglycans. (1987)

Rat large granular lymphocyte (LGL) tumor cell lines were analyzed for the presence of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in their cytolytic secretory granules. When isolated rat LGL tumor cells were incubated in vitro for 1 to 3 hr with [35S]sulfate, and the 35S-labeled macromolecules were purified by density-gradient centrifugation, they filtered on Sepharose CL-4B columns predominantly as approximately 500,000 m.w. macromolecules. After 19 hr of incubation with [35S]sulfate, however, an 85,000 m.w. species predominated. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the larger macromolecules were proteoglycans that with time were processed to glycosaminoglycan-sized macromolecules. As assessed by their susceptibility to chemical and enzymatic degradation and by high pressure liquid chromatography of the chondroitinase ABC-generated unsaturated disaccharides, the cell-associated rat LGL tumor cell proteoglycans bore almost exclusively chondroitin sulfate A glycosaminoglycans. Northern blot analysis using a gene-specific probe revealed that both normal peripheral blood and transformed rat LGL expressed the same approximately 1.3-kb mRNA that encodes the peptide core of the proteoglycans in the secretory granules of rat and mouse mast cells. In vivo radiolabeling of rat LGL tumor cells and isolation of their intact granules after nitrogen cavitation and density sedimentation established that glycosaminoglycans compartmentalized with cytolytic activity. Thus these negatively charged macromolecules may play a role in the regulation of the packaging and delivery of the cytolysins and basically charged serine proteases that have been identified in the cytolytic secretory granules of LGL.
La Responsabilidad en la Educación de la Persona (2003)

Este ensayo nacio por el interes y constante preocupacion por la forma en la cual la educacion repercute en el proceso cognitivo, de aprehension y aprension del mundo que rodea al educando, de manera tal que este se hace ciertas visiones del mundo. A lo largo del escrito retomare varios puntos de vista de Paulo Freire...
Solar collectors, energy storage, and materials (1990)

Collectors, Energy Storage, and Materials covers the materials and basic components needed for solar thermal energy systems. Using thermal performance and durability as the major criteria, the twenty six chapters emphasize the modeling and assessment of devices rather than their application or cost. Each part begins with an overview and concludes with an assessment of current issues and opportunities. The contributors have been careful to document failures as well as successes in materials research. This is the fifth volume in a series that distills the results of the intensive research on and development of solar thermal energy conversion technologies from 1975 to 1986.Contents: Solar Collectors. Collector Concepts and Designs. Optical Theory and Modeling of Solar Collectors. Thermal Theory and Modeling of Solar Collectors. Testing and Evaluation of Stationary Collectors. Testing and Evaluation of Tracking Collectors. Optical Research and Development. Collector Thermal Research and Development. Collector Engineering Research and Development. Solar Pond Research and Development. Reliability and Durability of Solar Collectors. Environmental Degradation of Low-Cost Solar Collectors. Energy Storage for Solar Systems. Storage Concepts and Design. Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Thermal Conversion Systems. Testing and Evaluation of Thermal Energy Storage Systems. Storage Research and Development. Materials for Solar Technologies. Materials for Solar Collector Concepts and Designs. Theory and Modeling of Solar Materials. Testing and Evaluation of Solar Materials. Exposure Testing and Evaluation of Performance Degradation. Solar Materials Research and Development.
Protein structure and gene organization of mouse lactate dehydrogenase‐A isozyme (1985)

The complete covalent structure of the 331 amino acids of mouse lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A4 isozyme has been determined by sequence analyses of both the protein and the genomic DNA. The mouse LDH-A gene spans a length of at least 7000 bases from the translation initiation codon ATG to the end of the 3' untranslated region, and it contains six introns that interrupt the protein-coding sequence. The relationships between the exon-intron organization of LDH-A gene and the structural-functional domains of the protein are discussed.
Real-time Utility System Optimization (2005)

ABSTRACT At the 2002 IETC, we described the benefits of a site-wide utility system simulation model that can translate all in-plant process modifications to the resulting changes in fuel, water, and electricity at the factory fence to ensure that process Btus are accurately expressed in real dollars. Last year, we demonstrated how such a model could be upgraded to an optimizer to determine the most cost-effective way to operate specific equipment items wherever the operator is faced with choices as to which equipment items to run at any time, which fuel to use, etc. The last 12 months have seen a number of “second generation” optimizers delivered to clients in Europe, the Far East, and the Americas, operating in real time. These latest models employ sophisticated data validation and reconciliation techniques to account for incomplete or conflicting plant measurements. Web-enabled reports are generated and the results of the data reconciliation can even be fed back to the site data historian as corrected plant measurements. This approach will typically reduce day-to-day utility system operating costs by between 2 and 5 percent in addition to the long-term capital and operating cost savings already identified by using this type of model at the project planning and design stage.
Techniques in Prion Research (2004)

Prion diseases, also known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), exist in both humans (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)) and animals (scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chr
Measurement of turbulent flow in vascular grafts (2003)

For a smooth-walled tube, the critical Reynolds number R/sub c/ is primarily determined by the geometry of the inlet and is usually on the order of R/sub c/=2000, although it has been measured as high as R/sub c/=40000 in some highly refined systems. The effect of wall irregularities, such as in a fabric graft, is to lower R/sub c/. The author reports the results of recent experiments to determine the extent of this effect. It is found that flow in the tube became intermittently unstable at R=3100 and turbulence was fully developed at R=4000. This is consistent with the results of other workers. Flow in the graft became intermittently unstable at R=1500 and was fully turbulent at R=1700. The progression from instability to full turbulence was much more rapid in the graft than in the tube, a characteristic feature of roughness-induced turbulent flow.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Congress Presidential Address: 5th WAA Congress Therapeutic Artificial Organs, 10 Years After (1995)

In 1983, more than 10 years ago, the concept of therapeutic artificial organs was proposed by this author. Currently developments of various types of immunomodulation technologies are well established, and therapeutic artificial organs for the treatment of autoimmunodiseases have become a well-accepted concept. It is this author's opinion that if we utilize apheresis technologies properly we should be able to prevent the aging process of mankind. Physical youth, and perhaps mental youth, can be achieved by apheresis technologies. However, in order to maintain youth and enjoy a high quality of life, it is essential to maintain a strong will to live. In this paper a new type of an artificial organ is proposed. This antiaging artificial organ is named "Juzo," the organ for a longer life, in Japanese, by this author.
Mechanistic Aspects of Carotenoid Biosynthesis (2013)

Carotenoid synthesis is based on the analysis of the phenotype of several mutant strains of tomato lacking carotenoid synthetic genes. Carotenoids are tetraterpenes derived through the condensation of the five-carbon (C5) universal isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). A recently developed concept that could explain the role of the poly-cis pathway in carotenoid synthesis is that the intermediates of this pathway have additional physiological roles that extend beyond serving as precursors of lycopene. This concept is based on the analysis of the phenotype of several mutant strains of tomato lacking carotenoid synthetic genes. The feedback regulation of early carotenoid synthetic genes in response to a block in upstream metabolism represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the mechanism and regulation of carotenoid synthesis and of metabolic regulation in general. The molecular details of a signaling pathway that regulates carotenogenesis in response to the levels of carotenoid precursors are still unclear.
Retrovirus Vectors Bearing Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Env Transduce Human Cells by Using a New Receptor Localized to Chromosome 3p21.3 (2000)

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is a type D retrovirus associated with a contagious lung tumor of sheep, ovine pulmonary carcinoma. Other than sheep, JSRV is known to infect goats, but there is no evidence of human infection. Until now it has not been possible to study the host range for JSRV because of the inability to grow this virus in culture. Here we show that the JSRV envelope protein (Env) can be used to pseudotype Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-based retrovirus vectors and that such vectors can transduce human cells in culture. We constructed hybrid retrovirus packaging cells that express the JSRV Env and the MoMLV Gag-Pol proteins and can produce JSRV-pseudotype vectors at titers of up to 10(6) alkaline phosphatase-positive focus-forming units/ml. Using this high-titer virus, we have studied the host range for JSRV, which includes sheep, human, monkey, bovine, dog, and rabbit cells but not mouse, rat, or hamster cells. Considering the inability of the JSRV-pseudotype vector to transduce hamster cells, we used the hamster cell line-based Stanford G3 panel of whole human genome radiation hybrids to phenotypically map the JSRV receptor (JVR) gene within the p21.3 region of human chromosome 3. JVR is likely a new retrovirus receptor, as none of the previously identified retrovirus receptors localizes to the same position. Several chemokine receptors that have been shown to serve as coreceptors for lentivirus infection are clustered in the same region of chromosome 3; however, careful examination shows that the JSRV receptor does not colocalize with any of these genes.
Active transition fixing and control of the boundary layer in air (1986)

Active transition of flow over an airfoil surface and feedback control by sound is investigated in a wind tunnel at Caltech. Laminar instability forced by localized time dependent nonintrusive narrow heating strip causes abrupt changes in velocity to trigger instant transition at favorable pressure gradient. At zero and adverse pressure gradients these changes are only marginal. Feedback control by sound interaction at nearly normal incidence produces significant reduction in velocity perturbation in regions of transition. This reduction is in part at the expense of an increase in background disturbance since it is not possible to restore the flow to its undisturbed state.
A Cooperation Language (1995)

This papex introduces CooL, a programming language for building cooperative applications. It combines the expressiveness of a h~gh-level AOP-language with the efficiency required by industrial applications. It integrates the support for planning and scheduling with efficient execution on the single agent as well as multi-agent levels (cooperation). CooL’s knowledge representation and execution facilities are inlroduced, yielding the mezhanisms that allow for easy programming of cooperations on the basis of cooperation primitives with a formal semantics.
Predicting Unsaturated Zone Nitrogen Mass Balances in Agricultural Settings of the United States (2010)

Unsaturated zone N fate and transport were evaluated at four sites to identify the predominant pathways of N cycling: an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchard and cornfield (Zea mays L.) in the lower Merced River study basin, California; and corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations in study basins at Maple Creek, Nebraska, and at Morgan Creek, Maryland. We used inverse modeling with a new version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to estimate soil hydraulic and nitrogen transformation parameters throughout the unsaturated zone; previous versions were limited to 3-m depth and relied on manual calibration. The overall goal of the modeling was to derive unsaturated zone N mass balances for the four sites. RZWQM2 showed promise for deeper simulation profiles. Relative root mean square error (RRMSE) values for predicted and observed nitrate concentrations in lysimeters were 0.40 and 0.52 for California (6.5 m depth) and Nebraska (10 m), respectively, and index of agreement (d) values were 0.60 and 0.71 (d varies between 0 and 1, with higher values indicating better agreement). For the shallow simulation profile (1 m) in Maryland, RRMSE and d for nitrate were 0.22 and 0.86, respectively. Except for Nebraska, predictions of average nitrate concentration at the bottom of the simulation profile agreed reasonably well with measured concentrations in monitoring wells. The largest additions of N were predicted to come from inorganic fertilizer (153-195 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in California) and N fixation (99 and 131 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in Maryland and Nebraska, respectively). Predicted N losses occurred primarily through plant uptake (144-237 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and deep seepage out of the profile (56-102 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Large reservoirs of organic N (up to 17,500 kg N ha(-1) m(-1) at Nebraska) were predicted to reside in the unsaturated zone, which has implications for potential future transfer of nitrate to groundwater.
Smartphone-Based Simultaneous pH and Nitrite Colorimetric Determination for Paper Microfluidic Devices (2014)

In this work, an Android application for measurement of nitrite concentration and pH determination in combination with a low-cost paper-based microfluidic device is presented. The application uses seven sensing areas, containing the corresponding immobilized reagents, to produce selective color changes when a sample solution is placed in the sampling area. Under controlled conditions of light, using the flash of the smartphone as a light source, the image captured with the built-in camera is processed using a customized algorithm for multidetection of the colored sensing areas. The developed image-processing allows reducing the influence of the light source and the positioning of the microfluidic device in the picture. Then, the H (hue) and S (saturation) coordinates of the HSV color space are extracted and related to pH and nitrite concentration, respectively. A complete characterization of the sensing elements has been carried out as well as a full description of the image analysis for detection. The results show good use of a mobile phone as an analytical instrument. For the pH, the resolution obtained is 0.04 units of pH, 0.09 of accuracy, and a mean squared error of 0.167. With regard to nitrite, 0.51% at 4.0 mg L(-1) of resolution and 0.52 mg L(-1) as the limit of detection was achieved.
Design and Implementation of Hybrid Cloud Computing Architecture Based on Cloud Bus (2013)

A new model of hybrid cloud computing architecture based on cloud bus is proposed. The system is based on local private cloud, combined with one or more type(s) of public cloud(s). The internal structures of private cloud and public cloud are the same, including infrastructure and virtualization layer, cloud platforms layer, cloud bus layer, cloud application layer, the management center and storage centers. The layer of infrastructure and virtualization is designed to incorporate the underlying hardware resources into a virtual cluster, providing a variety of virtual resources to the upper layer. The layer of cloud platform is used to run Web applications or services, and carry application-specific development and application integration through its open interfaces. The cloud bus layer, consisting of a control bus, a number of node buses and adapters, is designed to manage and monitor the various services of the cloud platform layer. The proposed model of the architecture can accelerate the migration of the existing IT environments to cloud computing environments, reduce the investment, and make full use of IT resources.
Observation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math>-Wave<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>¯</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>Bound States (1982)

The existence of $P$-wave $b\overline{b}$ bound states ${{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is demonstrated by observation of photons from the transition ${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+{{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ in the inclusive photon spectrum from ${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ decays. The center of gravity of the observed photon energies is 98 MeV and the branching ratio for the transition of the ${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ to the ${{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ states is (34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)% (statistical).
Longitudinal spherical aberration of modern ophthalmic lenses and its effect on visual acuity (1980)

The longitudinal spherical aberration of those soft and hard contact lenses that have spherical surfaces is substantially larger than that of spectacle lenses. By applying at least one ellipsoidal surface, this type of aberration can be greatly reduced, and good conformity of the posterior surface to the cornea can be simultaneously attained. Theoretical and experimental studies were made of the effect of spherical aberration of ophthalmic lenses on visual acuity. The visual acuity measurements were made with specially designed spectacle lenses using four-position Landolt C's as test targets. The probabilistic nature of the visual resolution was considered in evaluating the results. It was found that excessive spherical aberration of ophthalmic lenses reduces visual acuity, particularly at low levels of illuminance.