gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration Of Ultra-low-k Xerogel Gapfill Dielectric For high Performance Sub-o.18 /spl mu/m Interconnects (1997)

Results and Discussion Xerogel exhibits several attractive features as an interlayer dielectric (ILD) film. The dielectric constant is very low (k-1.1 2.0) and can be tailored by altering the inherent porosity. The SiOz based chemical nature is appealing in that it is familiar to the IC community and represents a logical extension of existing SiOz and SOG materials with thermal stability above 500 C and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, integration of xerogels is thought to be ]problematic due to its porosity and poor mechanical stability. This work reports the first successful integration of xerogel dielectrics into CMP-planarized, double level metal (DLM) structures. These xerogel structures exhibited a 14% total capacitance reduction compared to comparable low-k hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) gapfill structures with both better electromigration reliability and lower leakage. Both ForceFillhigh pressure A1 extrusion and W plug via processes were successfully integrated.
Improving Intra-Cellular Security Using Air Monitoring with RF Fingerprints (2010)

Improved intra-cellular security is addressed using device-specific RF fingerprints to mitigate malicious network activity that can occur through unauthorized use of digital identities. In air monitoring applications where physical equipment constraints are not overly restrictive, RF fingerprinting remains a viable option for providing regional intra-cellular security for systems such as cellular telephone and last mile WiMax networks. Proof-of-concept results are provided for GSM signals given they are readily available in most areas. Recent RF fingerprinting work has demonstrated average device classification accuracies (serial number identification) of 92% using OFDM-based 802.11a preamble responses at SNR = 6 dB. The goal here was to determine if similar performance could be achieved using RF fingerprints extracted from near-transient and midamble regions of GSM signals. This was done using instantaneous phase responses from each region to form RF statistical fingerprints that are subsequently classified using Fisher-based MDA/ML processing. Considering all GSM device permutations from four different manufacturers, near-transient RF fingerprinting provided nearly 13% improvement in classification performance when compared with midamble RF fingerprinting and achieved average classification performance consistent with the 802.11a benchmark of 92% correct classification at SNR = 6 dB.
Continuous Animal Cell Perfusion Processes: The First Step Toward Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing (2014)

Innovations in the biomanufacturing industry are usually incremental, but sometimes existing technologies reach their limits and additional constraints are imposed by market forces or regulatory bodies, enabling occasional major technological shifts. This chapter focuses on perfusion cell culture processes for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Since the development of an efficient continuous high-cell-density cultivation platform is strongly linked to developments in correlated areas, after a section on basic aspects of perfusion processes, issues such as cell banking, seed train development, culture media, cultivation conditions, cell retention devices, and integration with downstream operations are discussed. There are still many challenges to face, but the path to the technological shift toward continuous biomanufacturing is being currently paved.
A patient-specific computational model of fluid–structure interaction in abdominal aortic aneurysms (2005)

It is generally believed that knowledge of the wall stress distribution could help to find better rupture risk predictors of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Although AAA wall stress results from combined action between blood, wall and intraluminal thrombus, previously published models for patient-specific assessment of the wall stress predominantly did not include fluid-dynamic effects. In order to facilitate the incorporation of fluid-structure interaction in the assessment of AAA wall stress, in this paper, a method for generating patient-specific hexahedral finite element meshes of the AAA lumen and wall is presented. The applicability of the meshes is illustrated by simulations of the wall stress, blood velocity distribution and wall shear stress in a characteristic AAA. The presented method yields a flexible, semi-automated approach for generating patient-specific hexahedral meshes of the AAA lumen and wall with predefined element distributions. The combined fluid/solid mesh allows for simulations of AAA blood dynamics and AAA wall mechanics and the interaction between the two. The mechanical quantities computed in these simulations need to be validated in a clinical setting, after which they could be included in clinical trials in search of risk factors for AAA rupture.
Langerhans cells transport <i>Leishmania major</i> from the infected skin to the draining lymph node for presentation to antigen‐specific T cells (1993)

Murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been shown to internalize Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, and to stimulate a vigorous parasite-specific T cell response. The present study emphasizes the critical role of LC in leishmaniasis by documenting directly that LC have the ability to transport L. major from the skin to the draining lymph node (LN). This was revealed by irreversible labeling of LC with a fluorescent cell linker and in vivo tracking. In contrast, no migration to the LN was seen with L. major-infected macrophages. These findings were consistent with the results of mixed labeling immunohistology showing that early in infection the expression of parasite antigen in the LN draining the lesion was confined to dendritic cells and could not be detected in macrophages. Furthermore, dendritic cells in LN draining the site of cutaneous infection stimulated L. major-primed T cells in vitro and, most notably, were able to activate unprimed T cells capable of mediating parasite-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity in vivo. Taken together, the results indicate that LC capture L. major in the skin and transport it to the regional LN for initiation of the specific T cell immune response.
Advanced parallel processing with supercomputer architectures (1987)

This paper investigates advanced parallel processing techniques and innovative hardware/software architectures that can be applied to boost the performance of supercomputers. Critical issues on architectural choices, parallel languages, compiling techniques, resource management, concurrency control, programming environment, parallel algorithms, and performance enhancement methods are examined and the best answers are presented. We cover advanced processing techniques suitable for supercomputers, high-end mainframes, minisupers, and array processors. The coverage emphasizes vectorization, multitasking, multiprocessing, and distributed computing. In order to achieve these operation modes, parallel languages, smart compilers, synchronization mechanisms, load balancing methods, mapping parallel algorithms, operating system functions, application library, and multidiscipline interactions are investigated to ensure high performance. At the end, we assess the potentials of optical and neural technologies for developing future supercomputers.
A New DNA Typing Method of D1S80 Marker by Capillary Electrophoresis of ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer (2006)

A D1S80 typing method using 310 Genetic Analyzer is described. To improve the resolution in capillary electrophoresis, we designed new primers, which amplicon lengths were 125 bp smaller than those obtained with Kasai's original primers. The PCR amplification was performed using a DNA polymerase for long and accurate (LA) PCR to enhance the amplification of the larger allele of a heterozygote sample. When large amounts of DNAs were amplified, we observed “stutter-like” peaks that may be derived from the incomplete denaturation of the PCR products before the injection into the 310 Genetic Analyzer. However, “stutter-like” peaks were not detected, when the PCR products were diluted. The heterozygote peak height ratio (HPR), sensitivity, detection limit ratio in the mixed DNAs, sizing precision, and the concordance of the newly designed primers with Kasai's original primers were evaluated. Our D1S80 typing method was confirmed to be a reliable and useful method.
Surface roughness and its influence on particle adhesion using atomic force techniques (1995)

The surface force interactions between individual 8 μm diameter spheres and atomically flat substrates have been investigated using atomic force techniques. The lift-off force of glass, polystyrene, and tin particles from atomically smooth mica and highly oriented pyrolitic graphite substrates was determined as a function of the applied loading force in an inert nitrogen environment. While the relative magnitudes of the measured lift-off force were found to scale as expected between the various systems studied, the absolute values were a factor of ∼50 smaller than expected from the Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts theory. The surface topography of representative spheres was characterized with atomic force microscopy, allowing a quantitative assessment of the role that surface roughness plays in the adhesion of micrometer-size particles to substrates. Taking into account the radius of curvature of the asperities measured from the atomic force scans, agreement between the measured and theoretical estimates for the lift-off forces was improved, with the corrected experimental forces about a factor of 3 smaller than theoretical expectations.
Silicon avalanche photodiodes as detectors for photon correlation experiments (1998)

In view of time correlated photon-counting experiments using wavelengths at the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, we developed a simple electronic circuit for periodical gated quenching of silicon avalanche photodiodes. We compare the performance of this device with commercially available passive and active quenching modules and a reference photomultiplier. The detection system’s nonlinearities, i.e., dead time and afterpulsing, lead to direct and indirect distortions of photocount correlation functions. We characterize this nonlinear behavior by measuring intensity auto- and cross-correlation functions and supply nonlinearity parameters for each of the four detection systems. In addition, transfer functions are given which allow an estimate for the highest count rates accessible for each detection system.
An analysis on taiwan broiler farm prices under different chicken import deregulation policies (2008)

Abstract:- According to the changes of chicken import policy, it could be divided into three periods: control import, quota import and free import. This study adopts GARCH models and weekly data to analyze the broiler farm prices during these different periods. Based on the empirical test results, it indicates that there is larger long-run persistence effect of shocks in the free import period. The reactions of broiler farm prices to the lag broiler farm prices, survey number of chick after six weeks, pig prices, colorful broiler farm prices, chick prices and feedstuff prices are different during these three periods.
Evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen with clinical sensitivity approximating that of genomic amplification of HCV RNA (2000)

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical performance of a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen in comparison with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 310 patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C, and 132 HCV-negative controls were studied. Chemiluminescence EIA with monoclonal anti-HCV core antigen was used, and qualitative and quantitative commercial RT-PCRs and an in-house nested RT-PCR were performed. Compared with nested RT-PCR, the core antigen assay showed 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity in 75 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 132 controls. HCV core antigen was positive in 16 (94%) of 17 patients with acute hepatitis C at initial consultation. In 3 persons prospectively followed, core antigen was detected in the first available (1-3 weeks) post-transfusion sample. In 167 anti-HCV-positive individuals, 129 (77%) were viremic; core antigen was detected in 126 (98%) compared with 129 (100%) for nested RT-PCR and 121 (94%) for the commercial RT-PCR. In 48 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alfa, the concentration of core antigen before treatment was significantly (P <.002) lower in patients with sustained response than in nonresponders. All responders had a sustained loss of core antigen, whereas all nonresponders remained core antigen positive. The concentrations of HCV core antigen and HCV RNA correlated significantly (n = 48, r =.627, P <.001). In conclusion, the HCV core antigen assay is useful for the diagnosis of acute and chronic hepatitis C, and for predicting and monitoring the effect of interferon alfa treatment.
Effect of Phosphorus Modification on Cu−ZnO−Al <sub>2</sub>O <sub>3</sub> for the Removal of H <sub>2</sub>S (2008)

Cu−Zn−Al oxides adsorbents with or without phosphorus modification have been investigated for their hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency. Cu 0.46Zn 0.48/γ-Al 2O 3 was prepared by precipitating Cu and Zn nitrate precursors on unmodified and phosphorus-modified γ-Al 2O 3. For the preparation of Cu 0.46Zn 0.48/1P/γ-Al 2O 3, Cu 0.46Zn 0.48/3P/γ-Al 2O 3, and Cu 0.46Zn 0.48/9P/γ-Al 2O 3, the γ-Al 2O 3 was previously modified with different amounts of phosphorus (1, 3, and 9 wt %, taken in the form of phosphoric acid) and Cu and Zn precursors were precipitated in the slurry of it. The sorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area, pore size distribution, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), Cu surface area measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sorbent modified with 3 wt % P on γ-Al 2O 3 showed the maximum value for the sulfur removal capacity and a large surface area of Cu. This high value of Cu surface area mainly results from making a sorbent with large pore diameter. Reduction in the binding energy of Cu 2P of the well-dispersed Cu metal particles, as observed by XPS analysis, could be the reason for the high sulfur removal capacity.
Studies on Carnitine. I. Hydrolysis of Carnitine-nitrile Chloride with Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid. (1961)

It became questionable that Dechamps, et al.8) obtained carnitine-carnitate (IV) in their hands as the hydrolysis product of carnitine-nitrile chloride (II), since in our hands the latter, when heated with conc. hydrochloric acid at 130°, yielded mainly apocarnitine hydrochloride (V) containing a certain amount of carnitine hydrochloride (III). By carrying out the hydrolysis of (II) at boiling water-bath temperature the formation of (V) was practically suppressed to give (III) in a satisfactory yield, the formation of (IV) was altogether not observed.
The Role of an Overlayer in the Formation of Ni-based Transparent Ohmic Contacts to p-GaN (2001)

The effect of an overlayer in the Ni-based ohmic contacts on contact resistivity, light transmittance and the performance of light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been investigated. The ohmic contact composed of an Au overlayer on Ni resulted in a low contact resistivity of 9×10 -4 Ω·cm 2 and a high transmittance of 92% after annealing at 500°C in O 2 ambient. The LED with a Ni/Au contact showed a threshold voltage and an output power of 4.1 V and 1.7 mW at 20 mA, respectively. In the case of a Pt overlayer on Ni, the minimum contact resistivity was comparable to that of the Ni/Au contacts. However, the maximum transmittance was only 50%, which reduced the output power of the fabricated LED to 1.0 mW. For a Pd overlayer on Ni, the transmittance of 72% was obtained after annealing at 500°C in O 2 ambient, while the contacts showed nonohmic behavior. The LED with the Ni/Pd contact resulted in a high threshold voltage of 7.5 V at 20 mA. These results were explained by the differences in the thermodynamic properties between the overlayer and Ni.
A molecular epidemiological study of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) isolates by phylogenetic analysis of a partial nucleotide sequence of the fusion protein gene (2003)

A sequence 375 nucleotides in length, which included the region encoding the cleavage activation site and signal peptide of the fusion protein gene, was determined for 174 isolates of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1). These were compared with the sequences of 164 isolates published on GenBank, and the resulting alignment was analysed phylogenetically using maximum likelihood. The results are presented as unrooted phylogenetic trees. Briefly, the isolates divided into six broadly distinct groups (lineages 1 to 6). Lineages 3 and 4 were further subdivided into four sublineages (a to d) and lineage 5 into five lineages (a to e). Considerable genetic heterogeneity was detected within avian paramyxoviruses type 1, which appears to be influenced by host, time and geographical origin. It is concluded that by using this dataset it will be possible to type future virus isolates rapidly on the basis of their nucleotide sequence and make inferences about their origins.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, ribbing type: A novel point mutation in the COMP gene in a South African family (1997)

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is broadly categorised into the more severe Fairbank and the milder Ribbing types. In this paper we document mild MED in a South African kindred, and demonstrate that heterozygosity for a mutation in the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene causes the condition. The mutation, C1594G, implies a N523K substitution, altering a residue at the carboxyl-terminal end of the calmodulin-like region of COMP. The identification of this mutation demonstrates that the spectrum of manifestations from mild MED through pseudoachondroplasia can all be produced by structural mutations in COMP. Am. J. Med. Genet. 68:396–400, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Memory and logic integration for System-in-a-Package (2002)

System-in-a-Package (SiP), a generalization of System-on-a-Chip (SoC), provides a cost-effective solution for large-scale memory and logic integration and an attractive alternative for embedded memory. The key elements of SiP memory/logic integration technology include IO redistribution; solder bumping; and flip chip assembly. Two SiP platforms: Chip-on-Chip technology and Chip-Laminate-Chip technology are introduced in this paper. An innovative configurable area-IO memory architecture for System-in-a-Package is presented. A 512 K SRAM chip has been designed to verify this approach.
A comprehensive mechanism for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA comprehensive mechanism for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesisCheryl K. Rofer-DePoorterCite this: Chem. Rev. 1981, 81, 5, 447–474Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00045a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00045a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5875Altmetric-Citations544LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exact SU(2) Symmetry and Persistent Spin Helix in a Spin-Orbit Coupled System (2006)

Spin-orbit coupled systems generally break the spin rotation symmetry. However, for a model with equal Rashba and Dresselhauss coupling constants, and for the [110] Dresselhauss model, a new type of SU(2) spin rotation symmetry is discovered. This symmetry is robust against spin-independent disorder and interactions and is generated by operators whose wave vector depends on the coupling strength. It renders the spin lifetime infinite at this wave vector, giving rise to a persistent spin helix. We obtain the spin fluctuation dynamics at, and away from, the symmetry point and suggest experiments to observe the persistent spin helix.
Inhibition of Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells by Botulinum C2 Toxin (1987)

The effects of botulinum C2 toxin, which ADP-ribosylates actin, were studied on the stimulated histamine release of rat peritoneal mast cells. Treatment of mast cells with botulinum C2 toxin for 4 h inhibited histamine release stimulated by compound 48/80 or MCD-peptide maximally by about 50%. A half-maximal and maximal inhibition occurred at about 30 and 450 ng/ml botulinum C2 toxin. At similar concentrations the toxin ADP-ribosylated actin in intact mast cells. Botulinum C2 toxin largely impaired the histamine release stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate but not by the ionophore A23187. The data indicate that botulinum C2 toxin partially inhibits the stimulated histamine release and suggest that actin is involved in the stimulus-secretion coupling in mast cells.
Can Extracellular Fluid Volume Expansion in Hemodialysis Patients Be Safely Reduced Using the Hemocontrol Biofeedback Algorithm? A Randomized Trial (2008)

Extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) expansion in hemodialysis patients is associated with increased mortality. Attempts to remove excess fluid often result in intradialytic hypotension (IDH). Blood volume monitoring has been used to aid selection of ultrafiltration rates and dialysate conductivity to minimize IDH. Automating ultrafiltration and dialysate conductivity using the Hemocontrol Biofeedback System (HBS) has reduced IDH in IDH-prone subjects. We undertook a randomized controlled trial to determine if the HBS could safely reduce ECFV in ECF-expanded subjects. Patients with ECFV >45% of total body water were randomized to receive hemodialysis by either HBS or best clinical practices for 6 months. The primary endpoint was change in ECFV; exploratory variables included frequency of IDH, interdialytic weight gain, and changes in serum Na. Treatment with HBS did not result in any change in ECFV, even after multivariable adjustment. The frequency of IDH was however significantly lower with HBS when compared with best clinical practices without differences in other variables.