gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Very High Electron Mobility Based on Thiazole Oligomers with Trifluoromethylphenyl Groups (2005)

Novel thiazole oligomers and thiazole/thiophene co-oligomers with trifluoromethylphenyl groups were developed as n-type semiconductors for OFETs. They showed excellent n-type performances with high electron mobilities. A 5,5'-bithiazole with trifluoromethylphenyl groups forms a closely packed two-dimensional columnar structure leading to a high performance n-type FET. The electron mobility was enhanced to 1.83 cm2/Vs on the OTS-treated substrate.
Extension of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy to large modulation depth for diode laser absorption measurements in high-pressure gases (2006)

Tunable diode laser absorption measurements at high pressures by use of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS) require large modulation depths for optimum detection of molecular absorption spectra blended by collisional broadening or dense spacing of the rovibrational transitions. Diode lasers have a large and nonlinear intensity modulation when the wavelength is modulated over a large range by injection-current tuning. In addition to this intensity modulation, other laser performance parameters are measured, including the phase shift between the frequency modulation and the intensity modulation. Following published theory, these parameters are incorporated into an improved model of the WMS signal. The influence of these nonideal laser effects is investigated by means of wavelength-scanned WMS measurements as a function of bath gas pressure on rovibrational transitions of water vapor near 1388 nm. Lock-in detection of the magnitude of the 2f signal is performed to remove the dependence on detection phase. We find good agreement between measurements and the improved model developed for the 2f component of the WMS signal. The effects of the nonideal performance parameters of commercial diode lasers are especially important away from the line center of discrete spectra, and these contributions become more pronounced for 2f signals with the large modulation depths needed for WMS at elevated pressures.
Collaboration and integration of the shared process system with workflow control (2003)

Today's enterprises are striving to create more specialized features through globalization and collaboration. In this regard, companies are actively involved in e-Work as well as business-to-business (B2B) e-Commerce within globalized markets. The conventional strategy for information technology (IT) has been focused on improving intra-organization process. When it comes to e-Work, however, new strategy is required to adjust to inter-organization transactions. An innovative solution is required to overcome the limits which face the current cooperation and collaboration world. As a new approach using shared process system and workflow control in e-Work, Process Flow Controller (PFC) is developed to design, interpret, and control the collaborative transaction messages based on RosettaNet standard for B2B e-Commerce. This paper addresses the role of PFC, business process modelling, and technologies used in developing PFC, and what has to be added to PFC to enable effective e-Work in practice.
Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: proteoglycan changes in the rabbit mesentery induced by V2 carcinoma cells. (1985)

Previous studies have shown that the invasion of V2 carcinoma cells in the rabbit mesentery is associated with marked extracellular matrix synthesis leading eventually to an overall increase in mesenteric mass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural and biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix in tumor-free parts of rabbit mesenteries at various stages after intraperitoneal implantation of V2 carcinoma cells. The overall thickness of the tumor-implanted mesenteries increased progressively and peaked at about Day 14, when it was about 8 times greater than the untreated or liver-implanted controls. This was mainly the result of an accumulation of extracellular matrix components. In particular, there was a marked increase in both collagen fibers and proteoglycan granules, as well as filaments, probably hyaluronic acid, as visualized by ruthenium hexammine trichloride. Stereological analysis showed a 6-fold increase in collagen fibers and a significant increase in the density and average diameter of proteoglycan granules. Biochemical analysis revealed a marked elevation in uronic acid content in the tumor-implanted mesenteries. Specifically, they contained 2.6 and 8.6 times the amount of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, respectively, than did controls. Furthermore, the relative percentage of chondroitin sulfate was elevated markedly (26 versus 6% in controls). However, the content of heparan or dermatan sulfate did not vary significantly. Stereological analysis of the fibroblasts showed that their absolute number had doubled and that the cell volume of the individual fibroblast had increased markedly. This suggests that the fibroblasts were responsible for the excessive production of the extracellular matrix. These results support the concept that carcinoma cells can modulate their surrounding extracellular environment by stimulating the synthesis of connective tissue in the host mesenchymal cells.
Measurement of Plasma, Serum, and Platelet Serotonin in Individuals With High Bone Mass and Mutations in LRP5 (2013)

It has recently been suggested that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) regulates bone mass by suppressing secretion of serotonin from duodenal enterochromaffin cells. In mice with targeted expression of a high bone mass-causing (HBM-causing) LRP5 mutation and in humans with HBM LRP5 mutations, circulating serotonin levels have been reported to be lower than in controls whereas individuals with loss-of-function mutations in LRP5 have high blood serotonin. In contrast, others have reported that conditionally activating a knock-in allele of an HBM-causing LRP5 mutation in several tissues, or genetic deletion of LRP5 in mice has no effect on serum serotonin levels. To further explore the possible association between HBM-causing LRP5 mutations and circulating serotonin, levels of the hormone were measured in the platelet poor plasma (PPP), serum, and platelet pellet (PP) of 16 affected individuals from 2 kindreds with HBM-causing LRP5 mutations (G171V and N198S) and 16 age-matched controls. When analyzed by HPLC, there were no differences in levels of serotonin in PPP and PP between affected individuals and age-matched controls. Similarly, when analyzed by ELISA, there were no differences in PPP or PP between these two groups. By ELISA, serum levels of serotonin were higher in the affected individuals when compared to age-matched controls. A subgroup analysis of only the G171V subjects (n=14) demonstrated that there were no differences in PPP and PP serotonin between affected individuals and controls when analyzed by HPLC. PP serotonin was lower in the affected individuals when measured by ELISA but serum serotonin levels were not different. We conclude that there is no change in PPP serotonin in individuals with HBM-causing mutations in LRP5.
Methods for Quantitative Assessment of Airborne Levels of Noninfectious Microorganisms in Highly Contaminated Work Environments (1998)

Abstract Exposure to high airborne levels of noninfectious microorganisms is recognized as a cause of respiratory symptoms and disease among workers handling biological materials, such as farmers, sawmill workers, and workers handling municipal waste and fuel chips. Risk assessment is difficult because occupational exposure limits for noninfectious microorganisms have not been established. Many different methods are used for the measurement of airborne microorganisms, which are based on impaction, impingement, or filtration. Samples can be analyzed by methods that are culture-based or nonculture-based and that may estimate different microbial entities: culturable microorganisms by culture-based methods, microbial cells by microscopic methods, and microbial constituents and products by chemical, biochemical and immunochemical methods. Sources of errors and validation studies of these methods are reviewed and methods are evaluated for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies and for future compliance testing. At present it is not clear which microbial bioaerosol components should be assessed. Culture-based methods are probably not satisfactory because nonviable microorganisms and microbial constituents and products also may cause health effects. Culture-based methods are poor surrogates for nonculture-based methods and have poor precision. However, identification of microorganisms is most readily performed by culture-based methods. Filter sampling is preferred for personal exposure measurements because filters can be analyzed by a variety of nonculture-based methods, and filter sampling may be adapted to recently adopted criteria for health-related size fractions. Keywords: accuracymeasurementnonculture-based methodsnoninfectious microorganismsreview
Threshold voltage mismatch (ΔV/sub T/) fault modeling (2003)

A reduced intrinsic threshold voltage (V/sub T/) in addition to its variability has a direct impact on circuit design. Worst-case design styles assume that all transistors use the same worst-case V/sub T/ whose average and standard deviation come from inter-die statistical variations. However, intra-die differences, such as random local V/sub T/ variations are not considered and may pose a serious problem for designs based on low-voltage low-power premises, e.g. clock skews, excessive leakage current, out of spec critical-path delays, etc. This paper formulates a fault model based on threshold voltage mismatch and analyzes its impact on circuit design. Simulation and experimental results support the fault model.
Converting {sup 99}Mo production from high- to low-enriched uranium (1997)

This paper discusses efforts towards LEU substitution in two HEU targets. One type is the Cintichem target, a closed cylinder with a thin coating of uranium dioxide electroplated ion the inside wall. To successfully increase the amount of uranium per target, we are developing a target that uses LEU metal foil. Uranium surface preparation is discussed.
Microfluidic Self‐Patterning of Large‐Scale Crystalline Nanoarrays for High‐Throughput Continuous DNA Fractionation (2008)

Fleeting separation: A general microfluidic approach has been developed for the simple and fast patterning of large-scale crack-free colloidal nanoarrays in complex microdevices. By using this technique, a 2D microfractionator for high-throughput continuous-flow separation of 2–50 kbp DNA fragments into different deflection angles with high resolution was devised. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interferon protects normal human granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells from Ara-C cytotoxicity. (1990)

Interferons (IFN) have clinical efficacy in certain hematologic malignancies. Combining IFN with conventional cytotoxic agents has been proposed as a means of improving therapy for diseases such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In this study, we examined the effect of recombinant interferons alone and in combination with Ara-C on normal and leukemic human hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in vitro. Mononuclear cells from normal bone marrow, peripheral blood of patients with CML, or the acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 were incubated with alpha-, beta-, or gamma-IFN (0-1,000 units/ml) followed by the addition of Ara-C. The survival of normal CFU-GM was significantly increased if cells were treated with IFN 1 h before 3 h of Ara-C exposure. Similar IFN pretreatment of CML and HL-60 progenitors failed to protect leukemic CFU-GM from Ara-C-induced toxicity. This selective protection of normal CFU-GM may have clinical application.
Acetic Acid Recovery from Fast Pyrolysis Oil. An Exploratory Study on Liquid-Liquid Reactive Extraction using Aliphatic Tertiary Amines (2008)

Abstract Flash pyrolysis oil or Bio-oil (BO), obtained by flash pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, is very acidic in nature. The major component responsible for this acidity is acetic acid, present in levels up to 2–10 wt%. Here, we report an exploratory study on BO upgrading by reactive extraction of acetic acid using long-chain tertiary amines in a batch set-up. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the type and concentration of tertiary amine and co-solvents, were investigated. More than 90 wt% of the acetic acid could be extracted in a single equilibrium step (BO diluted in THF (26 wt% BO), trioctylamine (TOA) in octane as the extractant phase, T = 20°C). However, the amine has considerable affinity for the BO phase and about 10 wt% on initial intake was transferred to the BO. A considerable improvement was obtained when using the aqueous phase of a thermally treated BO containing 6 wt% acid of acetic acid. In a single extraction step, acetic acid extraction efficiencies up to 75 wt% were achieved without significant amine transfer to the aqueous phase.
Electrochemical properties of titanium nitride nerve stimulation electrodes: an in vitro and in vivo study (2015)

The in vivo electrochemical behavior of titanium nitride (TiN) nerve stimulation electrodes was compared to their in vitro behavior for a period of 90 days. Ten electrodes were implanted in two Göttingen minipigs. Four of these were used for electrical stimulation and electrochemical measurements. Five electrodes were kept in Ringer's solution at 37.5°C, of which four were used for electrical stimulation and electrochemical measurements. The voltage transients measured in vivo were 13 times greater than in vitro at implantation and they continued to increase with time. The electrochemical properties in vivo and the tissue resistance (Rtissue) followed a similar trend with time. There was no consistent significant difference between the electrochemical properties of the in vivo and in vitro electrodes after the implanted period. The differences between the in vivo and in vitro electrodes during the implanted period show that the evaluation of electrochemical performance of implantable stimulation electrodes cannot be substituted with in vitro measurements. After the implanted period, however, the performance of the in vivo and in vitro electrodes in saline was similar. In addition, the changes observed over time during the post-implantation period regarding the electrochemical properties of the in vivo electrodes and Rtissue were similar, which indicates that these changes are due to the foreign body response to implantation.
Numerical 3D-simulation of pulsatile wall shear stress in an arterial T-bifurcation model (1990)

The structure of pulsatile blood flow and wall shear stress in a 90° T-bifurcation model is analysed numerically. The nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations for time-dependent incompressible Newtonian fluid flow are approximated using a newly developed pressure correction, finite element method. The wall shear stress is calculated from the finite element velocity field. The investigation shows viscous flow phenomena such as flow separation and stagnation and the distribution of high and low wall shear stress during the pulse cycle. Furthermore, the effect of a sharp corner the bifurcation edge on the wall shear stress is analysed. Detailed local flow investigation is required to examine fluid dynamic contribution to the development of arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
EFFECT OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN (5-HTP) ON GROWTH HORMONE AND ACTH RELEASE IN MAN (1973)

Oral administration of 150 mg of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) resulted in a rise in plasma human growth hormone (HGH), ACTH and cortisol in most of the subjects tested. Concomitant administration of glucose with 5-HTP significantly blunted plasma HGH response, but not plasma ACTH or cortisol response to 5-HTP.
Swarm scalable storage system (1999)

Swarm is a storage system that provides scalable, reli-able, and cost-effective data storage. Swarm is based on storage servers, rather than file servers; the storage servers are optimized for cost-performance and aggregated to pro-vide high-performance data access. Swarm uses a striped log abstraction to store data on the storage servers. This abstraction simplifies storage allocation, improves file ac-cess performance, balances server loads, provides fault-tolerance through computed redundancy, and simplifies crash recovery. We have developed a Swarm prototype us-ing a cluster of Linux-based personal computers as the stor-age servers and clients; the clients access the servers via the Swarm-based Sting file system. Our performance mea-surements show that a single Swarm client can write to two storage servers at 3.0 MB/s., while four clients can write to eight servers at 16.0 MB/s. 1.
Ubiquitination as a Mechanism To Transport Soluble Mycobacterial and Eukaryotic Proteins to Exosomes (2015)

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that function in intercellular communication. Our previous studies indicate that exosomes released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages contain soluble mycobacterial proteins. However, it was unclear how these secreted proteins were targeted to exosomes. In this study, we determined that exosome production by the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 requires the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport and that trafficking of mycobacterial proteins from phagocytosed bacilli to exosomes was dependent on protein ubiquitination. Moreover, soluble mycobacterial proteins, when added exogenously to RAW264.7 or human HEK293 cells, were endocytosed, ubiquitinated, and released via exosomes. This suggested that endocytosed proteins could be recycled from cells through exosomes. This hypothesis was supported using the tumor-associated protein He4, which, when endocytosed by RAW264.7 or HEK293 cells, was transported to exosomes in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Our data suggest that ubiquitination is a modification sufficient for trafficking soluble proteins within the phagocytic/endocytic network to exosomes.
Encapsulation of parallelism and architecture-independence in extensible database query execution (1993)

Emerging database application domains demand not only high functionality, but also high performance. To satisfy these two requirements, the Volcano query execution engine combines the efficient use of parallelism on a wide variety of computer architectures with an extensible set of query processing operators that can be nested into arbitrarily complex query evaluation plans. Volcano's novel exchange operator permits designing, developing, debugging, and tuning data manipulation operators in single-process environments but executing them in various forms of parallelism. The exchange operator shields the data manipulation operators from all parallelism issues. The design and implementation of the generalized exchange operator are examined. The authors justify their decision to support hierarchical architectures and argue that the exchange operator offers a significant advantage for development and maintenance of database query processing software. They discuss the integration of bit vector filtering into the exchange operator paradigm with only minor modifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time-of-flight electron spectrometer for voltage measurements on integrated circuits (1993)

The basis of the method is to measure the time taken for secondary electrons emitted from the specimen to reach a detector situated some way up the electron-optical column. This time depends on the potential of the point on the surface from which the electrons are emitted. Measurements previously reported by the authors were carried out on small specimens inserted into the final lens bore of a conventional scanning electron microscope. The work has now been extended so that measurments can be made on integrated circuit chips in standard dual-in-line packages. It has therefore been demonstrated that the technique is useful for voltage-contrast diagnostics on real specimens.
Reduced contact resistances in organic transistors with secondary gates on source and drain electrodes (2009)

Secondary-gate electrodes under source and drain electrodes are introduced in organic thin-film transistors to reduce carrier-injection barriers into air-stable organic semiconductors. The additional gate electrodes buried in the gate insulators form “carrier-rich regions” in the vicinity of the source and drain electrodes with the application of sufficiently high local electric fields. Fabricating the structure with dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, known for its excellent air stability, the contact resistance is drastically reduced especially at low gate voltages in the main channel. The result demonstrates carrier injection from the same material realizing a minimized potential barrier in the absence of interfacial trap levels for metal-to-semiconductor junctions.
Identification of nonminimum phase MA systems using cepstral operations on slices of higher order spectra (1992)

Recursive and least-squares methods for reconstructing the impulse response of a nonminimum phase, linear time-invariant (NMP-LTI) MA system from its (k+1)st-order spectrum (k>1) are presented. The methods are nonparametric. They are based on computing the complex cepstrum of the impulse response sequences of the unknown system from the diagonal slice of the (k+1)st-order spectrum. The computational complexity of the system identification problem can be considerably reduced by using slices of higher-order spectra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accuracy of advanced versus strictly conventional 12-lead ECG for detection and screening of coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (2010)

Resting 12-lead A-ECG scoring is more accurate than strictly conventional ECG in screening for CAD, LVH and LVSD.
European Colloquium on Hypothalamic Hormones * Held in Tubingen on February 26, 1974 Organized by D. Gupta and W. Voelter (1974)

later on by Green and Harris 2. The isolation of the porcine thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was reported by Schally3 et al., the extraction from sheep hypothalami was first done by Burgus and Guillemin 4. The elucidation of the primary structure of TRH 5 > 6 and its synthesis7 > 8 were reported in 1969 to 1970. The isolation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was published in 1971 by Schal ly et al. 9 and Guillemin et al. 10. In 1971 and 1972 LH-RH was synthesized by different groups11-16.
Localisation of SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in retina and choroid of aged human eyes and in eyes with age related macular degeneration (2006)

These results show that changes in distribution and relative levels of SDF-1/CXCR4 were not evident in early AMD. This suggests that SDF-1/CXCR4 may not contribute to the formation of CNV in AMD, in that CXCR4+ cells were not incorporated into neovascularisation. However, the examples of CNV studied were within disciform scars, so the authors cannot comment on the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in the early stages of CNV formation.
Fine-Needle Aspiration May Miss a Third of All Malignancy in Palpable Thyroid Nodules (2007)

Based on existing reports, the true diagnostic attributes of FNA for thyroid malignancy in palpable nodules are uncertain and FNA could miss up to a third of all thyroid malignancy. Further research is required to investigate the incidence of malignancy in FNA negative cases and to determine the additive effect of clinical judgment.