gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Dredged River Sediments in 10 Upland Disposal Sites of Alabama (1995)

Abstract: The U.S. Bureau of Mines, Tuscaloosa Research Center, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under interagency Agreement No. 14-09-0078-1510, conducted a comprehensive sampling program of 10 upland disposal sites along the Alabama, Black Warrior, and Tombigbee River systems in Alabama. Samples from each site were characterized according to particle size, chemical analysis, mineralogical content, and potential end use. Additionally, samples were subjected to the Toxic Characteristic Leachate Procedure to determine the presence of potentially harmful heavy metals. Based on the results of these studies, each sample was determined to have properties amenable for use as aggregate in general-purpose portland cement concretes and certain asphalt concrete applications.
Design and Synthesis of Near-infrared-active Heptamethine–Cyanine Dyes to Suppress Aggregation in a Dye-sensitized Porous Zinc Oxide Solar Cell (2008)

Abstract New heptamethine–cyanine dyes were synthesized and used for dye-sensitization of porous zinc oxide cells in the near-infrared region (800 nm). The introduction of alkyl groups into the cyclohexene and indolenium moieties remarkably prevented H-aggregation of the dyes. Consequently, the photovoltaic performance of the dye-sensitized zinc oxide cells with DCA was improved; a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 0.67%, a short-circuit current density of 2.22 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.46 V, and a fill factor of 0.66 under standard AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2).
Hybridization at Superconductor-Semiconductor Interfaces (2018)

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices are currently one of the most promising platforms for realizing Majorana zero modes. Their topological properties are controlled by the band alignment of the two materials, as well as the electrostatic environment, which are currently not well understood. Here, we seek to fill in this gap and address the role of band bending and superconductor-semiconductor hybridization in such devices by analyzing a gated single Al-InAs interface using a self-consistent Schrdinger-Poisson approach. Our numerical analysis shows that the band bending leads to an interface quantum well, which localizes the charge in the system near the superconductor-semiconductor interface. We investigate the hybrid band structure and analyze its response to varying the gate voltage and thickness of the Al layer. This is done by studying the hybridization degrees of the individual subbands, which determine the induced pairing and effective g factors. The numerical results are backed by approximate analytical expressions which further clarify key aspects of the band structure. We find that one can obtain states with strong superconductor-semiconductor hybridization at the Fermi energy, but this requires a fine balance of parameters, with the most important constraint being on the width of the Al layer. In fact, in the regime of interest, we find an almost periodic dependence of the hybridization degree on the Al width, with a period roughly equal to the thickness of an Al monolayer. This implies that disorder and shape irregularities, present in realistic devices, may play an important role for averaging out this sensitivity and, thus, may be necessary for stabilizing the topological phase.
Organocalcium Compounds with Catalytic Activity for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactones (2003)

Abstract The equimolar reaction of calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dione (Htmhd) in THF yields liquid mononuclear [Ca(tmhd){N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }(THF) 3 ] ( 1 ). A similar reaction in toluene with a stoichiometric ratio of 2:3 gives the dinuclear complex [{(THF)Ca} 2 (tmhd) 2 (µ‐tmhd){µ‐N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] ( 2 ). The calcium atoms of these complexes are in a distorted octahedral environment. In 2 the complex consists of two octahedra connected by a common face of one nitrogen base and two oxygen atoms; the bridging Ca−N bond lengths are extremely large. The metalation of the tetradentate Jacobsen reagent with calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) gives the corresponding calcium complex 3 , nearly quantitatively, as its DME adduct. The calcium atom is in an unusual trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. The metathesis reaction of 3 with tin( II ) chloride yields the corresponding yellow tin( II ) complex with the metal atom in a distorted square‐pyramidal environment. Complexes 2 and 3 show catalytic reactivity in the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic esters such as lactones and lactides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Grundfragen des westdeutschen Trinkmilchmarktes (1955)

Livestock Production/Industries, Consumer/Household Economics
A new HAD algorithm for optimal routing of hierarchically structured data networks (2002)

In this paper a new algorithm based on aggregation/disaggregation and decomposition/composition (HAD) scheme is proposed to solve the optimal routing problems (ORP) for hierarchically structured networks. Our algorithm has two major differences with the existing HAD algorithms for hierarchically clustered networks: 1. Our algorithm works with networks which are more general than networks with clustered structure; 2. Our algorithm parallelizes the computations for different commodities so that it speeds up with a parallel time complexity of O(mlog/sup 2/(n)), which is much less than O(Mlog/sup 2/(n)) needed for the existing HAD algorithms, for an n-node network with M commodities. Here, m is a positive number usually much smaller than M and is a function of the patterns of all the commodities. The implementation of the algorithm for a 200-node network is simulated using the OPNET simulation package.
The Use of Waterworks Sludge for the Treatment of Dye Wastes (2002)

Water treatment works using coagulation/flocculation in the process stream will generate a waste sludge. The works in Adana, Turkey uses ferric chloride. The potential for using this sludge for the treatment of reactive, direct, disperse, acidic, and basic dyestuffs by coagulation and sorption has been investigated. The sludge acted as a coagulant and removed colour with excellent removal efficiencies being obtained for basic, disperse and direct dyes. The optimum conditions were a pH value of 5 and a sludge dose of 2000 mg l(-1). Mediocre results were obtained for acidic and reactive dyes. The efficiency of the sludge was also compared with alum and ferric chloride for the same group of dyes. The sludge was also used as a coagulant to treat the wastewater from a textile factory. At doses of 2000-4000 mg l(-1), the sludge was as effective as ferric chloride and alum at removing COD. Sorption tests showed that the disperse and reactive dyes did not bind to the sludge. Langmuir and Freundlich constants were determined for the other three types of dye. Rate constants for the adsorption were determined using the Lagergren equation.
A synthesis of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol‐(26, 27‐<sup>3</sup>H) (1973)

Abstract The synthesis of 25‐hydroxycholecaleiferol‐(26, 27‐ 3 H) is described. 25‐Oxo‐27‐norcholesta‐5, dien‐3β‐yl acetate is converted photochemically to 25‐oxo‐27‐norcholecalciferol‐3‐acetate, which is then reacted with tritiated methylmagnesium iodide and subsequently saponified to give 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol‐(26, 27‐ 3 H).
In Vitro Hypoglycemic Effects of Different Insoluble Fiber-Rich Fractions Prepared from the Peel of <i>Citrus Sinensis</i> L. cv. Liucheng (2003)

Insoluble fiber-rich fractions (FRFs), including insoluble dietary fiber, alcohol-insoluble solid, and water-insoluble solid, were isolated from the peel of Citrus sinensis L. cv. Liucheng. We found that these three FRFs could effectively adsorb glucose, retard glucose diffusion, and inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase to different extents. These mechanisms might create a concerted benefit in decreasing the rate of glucose absorption and eventually lower the concentration of postprandial serum glucose. The potential hypoglycemic effects of these FRFs suggested that they could be incorporated as low-calorie bulk ingredients in high-fiber foods to reduce calorie level and control blood glucose level.
Imaging Properties of a Conic Axicon (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. R. Edmonds, "Imaging Properties of a Conic Axicon," Appl. Opt. 13, 1762-1764 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Stress Corrosion CORROSION. (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStress Corrosion CORROSION.Mars G. FontanaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 3, 99A–102APublication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 March 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50531a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (941 KB) Get e-Alerts
MARK-AGE biomarkers of ageing (2015)

Many candidate biomarkers of human ageing have been proposed in the scientific literature but in all cases their variability in cross-sectional studies is considerable, and therefore no single measurement has proven to serve a useful marker to determine, on its own, biological age. A plausible reason for this is the intrinsic multi-causal and multi-system nature of the ageing process. The recently completed MARK-AGE study was a large-scale integrated project supported by the European Commission. The major aim of this project was to conduct a population study comprising about 3200 subjects in order to identify a set of biomarkers of ageing which, as a combination of parameters with appropriate weighting, would measure biological age better than any marker in isolation.
Nesting microbubbles: influence on acoustic activity and image brightness (2012)

In the following study, gas filled microbubbles encapsulated in a polymer shell were characterised for use as contrast agents, as compared to commercially available contrast agents such as Definity microbubbles. The lifetime of these nested microparticles was also explored. It was found that even with changing the contrast agent due to the enclosure in a polymer shell, the acoustic response using Definity microbubbles and nested microparticles can be matched by simply varying the starting concentrations, and there is no change in their behaviour as a contrast agent. The results also indicate the ability of the nested microparticles to provide contrast steadily for up to 1·5 h.
TRANSVERSE IMPEDANCE OF THE SQUID GIANT AXON DURING CURRENT FLOW (1941)

The change in the transverse impedance of the squid giant axon caused by direct current flow has been measured at frequencies from 1 kc. per second to 500 kc. per second. The impedance change is equivalent to an increase of membrane conductance at the cathode to a maximum value approximately the same as that obtained during activity and a decrease at the anode to a minimum not far from zero. There is no evidence of appreciable membrane capacity change in either case. It then follows that the membrane has the electrical characteristics of a rectifier. Interpreting the membrane conductance as a measure of ion permeability, this permeability is increased at the cathode and decreased at the anode.
Differential Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I on Colony Formation of Epiphyseal Chondrocytes in Suspension Culture in Rats of Different Ages* (1987)

The effect of human GH (hGH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on the colony formation of rat epiphyseal chondrocytes was studied in suspension culture. Chondrocytes from epiphyseal growth plates of the proximal tibia of 7-, 20-, and 28-day-old normal male rats were enzymatically isolated and cultured in the presence of 10% newborn calf serum in suspension stabilized with 0.5% agarose. The cloning efficiency (number of formed colonies per 1000 seeded cells) was 13.7 +/- 1.9, 3.2 +/- 0.6, and 3.5 +/- 0.4 for chondrocytes isolated from 7-, 20- and 28-day-old rats and cultured for 14 days, respectively. The colonies were classified according to size (colony diameter), and the number of colonies was estimated as a function of colony size (distribution of cloning efficiency). IGF-I (25-200 ng/ml) increased the total colony number among chondrocytes isolated from the three different age groups and particularly increased the number of small colonies. However, IGF-I did not significantly change the distribution of cloning efficiency as compared to the control group. hGH potentiated colony formation at concentrations of 10-80 ng/ml, but no stimulatory effect of hGH was apparent at a concentration of 160 ng/ml. GH caused an assymetric distribution of cloning efficiency that was significantly different from the control group due to an increased number of large colonies (diameter exceeding 80 microns). The differential effects of GH and IGF-I were apparent after an extended period of culture (28 days) at various concentrations of the peptides. These results show that GH as well as IGF-I induced colony formation among epiphyseal chondrocytes in suspension culture, although the effects of GH and IGF-I are different in terms of distribution of cloning efficiency. The observation that GH particularly potentiated the formation of large size colonies suggests that GH promotes the differentiation of prechondrocytes, or young chondrocytes as suggested earlier. The finding that IGF-I stimulation resulted in a higher proportion of small size chondrocyte colonies, compared to the control group, suggests that IGF-I stimulates epiphyseal chondrocytes at a later stage of differentiation.
Perceptual Judgment of Abruptness of Voice Onset in Vowels as a Function of the Amplitude Envelope (1986)

Four experienced speakers were trained to produce isolated vowels with different degrees of abruptness of voice onset while keeping the maximum sound level and the duration of the sounds constant. A total of 420 vowel tokens were rated for abruptness of voice onset by 11 trained speech scientists in order to study the reliability of the ratings, which was found to be moderately high (r1,1 = .74 with an extremely large range of the stimuli). Next a number of simple descriptions of the rising slope of the amplitude envelope are developed. It appears that the logarithm of the time needed for the amplitude envelope to rise from 10% to 90% of its eventual maximum level is the best predictor of perceived abruptness of voice onset of the measures examined in this study. Based on this result, an inexpensive instrument is described that can help the speech-language pathologist in assessing abruptness of voice onset in clinical practice.
Reduction of boundary artifacts in image restoration (1996)

The abrupt boundary truncation of an image introduces artifacts in the restored image. The traditional solution is to smooth the image data using special window functions such as Hamming or trapezoidal windows. This is followed by zero-padding and linear convolution with the restoration filter. This method improves the results but still distorts the image, especially at the margins. Instead of the above method, we propose a different procedure. This procedure is simple and exploits the natural property of "circular" or periodic convolution of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Instead of padding the image by zeros, it is padded by a reflected version of it. This is followed by "circular" convolution with the restoration filter. This procedure is shown to lead to better restoration results than the windowing and linear convolution techniques. The computational effort is also improved since our method requires half the number of computations required by the conventional linear deconvolution method.
Salen‐Complex‐Mediated Formation of Cyclic Carbonates by Cycloaddition of CO<sub>2</sub> to Epoxides (2010)

Metal complexes of salen ligands are an important class of compounds, and they have been widely studied in the past. Among their successful catalytic applications, the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the coupling reaction of epoxides with CO(2) has received increased attention; this is mostly due to the importance of using a greenhouse gas as a feedstock for the synthesis of useful molecules. Herein the most relevant past and present research surrounding this topic is presented.
Photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality contrast agent and its application to thermotherapy (2012)

This study investigates a photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality contrast agent, including extending its applications from image-contrast enhancement to combined diagnosis and therapy with site-specific targeting. The contrast agent comprises albumin-shelled microbubbles with encapsulated gold nanorods (AuMBs). The gas-filled microbubbles, whose diameters range from submicrometer to several micrometers, are not only echogenic but also can serve as drug-delivery vehicles. The gold nanorods are used to enhance the generation of both photoacoustic and photothermal signals. The optical absorption peak of the gold nanorods is tuned to 760 nm and is invariant after microbubble encapsulation. Dual-modality contrast enhancement is first described here, and the applications to cellular targeting and laser-induced thermotherapy in a phantom are demonstrated. Photoacoustic imaging can be used to monitor temperature increases during the treatment. The targeting capability of AuMBs was verified, and the temperature increased by 26°C for a laser power of 980 mW, demonstrating the potential of combined diagnosis and therapy with the dual-modality agent. Targeted photo- or acoustic-mediated delivery is also possible.
The Effect of Base Bleed on the Flow behind a Two-Dimensional Model with a Blunt Trailing Edge (1967)

Summary The effects of base bleed on the flow about a two-dimensional model with a blunt trailing edge were examined at Reynolds numbers, based on model base height, between 1·3×10 4 and 4·1×10 4 . The ratio of boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge to half the model base height was approximately 0·4. Measurements were made of base pressure, vortex shedding frequency and the distance to vortex formation. With a sufficiently large bleed quantity the regular vortex street pattern disappeared and the base drag of the section was reduced to about a third of its value without bleed. The base pressure was found to vary linearly with the inverse of the vortex formation distance. Results of a previous splitter plate investigation were found to agree closely with those of the present experiments.
Accuracy of MR phase contrast velocity measurements for unsteady flow (1995)

The accuracy of MR phase contrast (PC) velocity measurements for unsteady flow has been quantitatively assessed. Spatially resolved velocity fields were measured in a long straight tube using a gated PC technique, and the resulting MR PC velocity data were compared with velocities derived from the analytic Womersley solution to the Navier-Stokes equations governing fluid flow. The overall root-mean-square (rms) difference between the measured and analytic velocities was 1.6 cm s-1 for nominally sinusoidal flow waveforms with peak velocities ranging from 51.6 cm s-1 to 59.8 cm s-1. This rms difference corresponded to 7.5% of the mean fluid velocity, which is similar to the cited accuracy of approximately 5% for MR PC velocimetry for steady flows. Linear regression between the PC velocity measurements and the velocities obtained using the analytic expression was highly significant (r2 = 0.997) and yielded a slope of 0.998, close to the expected value of 1. We conclude that the gated MR PC velocity measurements in unsteady flow are accurate.
Safety and preliminary clinical activity of repotrectinib in patients with advanced <i>ROS1</i> fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (TRIDENT-1 study). (2019)

9011 Background: Repotrectinib is a next-generation ROS1/TRK/ALK TKI inhibiting ROS1 with > 90-fold greater potency than crizotinib. Preclinical studies showed robust kinase inhibitory activity of repotrectinib against all known ROS1 fusion positive resistance mutations, including the most common ROS1 solvent-front mutation (SFM) G2032R. Methods: In this ongoing phase 1 study (NCT03093116), TKI-naïve and TKI-refractory (≥1 TKI) patients (pts) with advanced ROS1/TRK/ALK+ solid tumors received repotrectinib treatment. Endpoints include safety, PK, and confirmed overall response (cORR). Safety analysis for all pts (n = 75) and efficacy analysis for ROS1+ NSCLC pts (n = 28) enrolled on the study was conducted. Results: As of 31-Oct-2018, 75 pts were treated with repotrectinib at dose levels from 40 mg QD to 200 mg BID. Most AEs were manageable and grade (Gr) 1-2. Common ( > 20%) treatment-related AEs were dizziness (49%), dysgeusia (48%), paresthesia (28%), and constipation (20%). Four DLTs (Gr3 dyspnea/hypoxia (n = 1); Gr2 (n = 1) and Gr3 (n = 1) dizziness at 160 mg BID, and Gr3 dizziness (n = 1) at 240 mg QD) occurred and were managed with dose modifications. The MTD has not been reached. Median number of prior TKI treatment was 1 (0-3) with all of TKI naïve and 83% of TKI pre-treated pts received prior chemotherapy. Among 10 evaluable TKI-naïve ROS1+ NSCLC pts, confirmed ORR by Blinded Central Review (BCR) was 90% (95% CI 56 - 100) with median duration of response (DOR) not reached ((range 5.5+ – 14.9+ months (mos)). Among 18 TKI-pretreated pts, confirmed ORR by BCR was 28% (95% CI 10 – 54) with DOR of 10.2 mos. Subgroup analysis showed cORR 44% (95% CI 14 - 79) in 9 prior TKI pts and treated at dose levels of 160 mg QD or above. In 7 pts with measurable target CNS lesions at baseline, the intracranial ORR was 3/3 (100%) with DOR (5.5+; 7.2+; 14.85+ mo) in TKI-naïve pts and 2/4 (50%) with DOR (5.5+;14.8+, mo) in TKI-pretreated pts, respectively. Conclusions: Repotrectinib was well tolerated and demonstrated encouraging overall and intracranial clinical activity in pts with ROS1 fusion-positive NSCLC. Enrollment in phase 1 continues until the RP2D is determined. A global phase 2 study is planned. Clinical trial information: NCT03093116.
ω-Transaminase in Biocatalysis : Methods, Reactions and Engineering (2012)

Biocatalysis offers an alternative to classic chemistry by using enzymes, the protein catalysts of Nature, for production of fine chemicals. Evolution has created enzymes capable of catalysis at mo ...