gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microminiaturization of electron optical systems (1990)

The performance of miniaturized electron optical systems comprising a field emission microsource and a microlens for probe forming has been studied. A complete system measuring millimeters in length and diameter with performance exceeding that of a conventional system over a wide range of potentials (100 V–10 kV) and working distances (up to 10 mm) appears to be feasible. A scanning tunneling microscope aligned field emission microsource offers performance well suited for this application and a selective scaling approach has been developed to allow a wide range of potentials to be applied. Such miniaturized systems can be of significant importance to many areas of electron-beam applications.
A technique for improving the accuracy and the speed of CMOS current-cell DAC (1990)

A new switching technique for improving the accuracy and speed of CMOS current-cell digital to analog converters (DACs), called the incremental-switching technique, is described. The maximum accuracy and speed of DACs using the incremental-switching technique are higher than 10 b and 1 GHz, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reaction Between Vitreous Silica and Molten Aluminum (1967)

Fused silica rods were exposed to molten aluminum and the rate of penetration of the reaction into the silica was measured over a range of temperatures. The reaction obeys the equation: image Three phases of alumina are formed during the reaction. The Group V elements, bismuth and antimony, markedly affect the rate of reaction. It is proposed that they form a lamellar surface compound with oxygen and water already absorbed on the silica surface. This compound then controls the reaction kinetics.
Network Security Architectures (2004)

Expert guidance on designing secure networks Understand security best practices and how to take advantage of the networking gear you already have Review designs for campus, edge, and teleworker networks of varying sizes Learn design considerations for device hardening, Layer 2 and Layer 3 security issues, denial of service, IPsec VPNs, and network identity Understand security design considerations for common applications such as DNS, mail, and web Identify the key security roles and placement issues for network security elements such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, VPN gateways, content filtering, as well as for traditional network infrastructure devices such as routers and switches Learn 10 critical steps to designing a security system for your network Examine secure network management designs that allow your management communications to be secure while still maintaining maximum utility Try your hand at security design with three included case studies Benefit from the experience of the principal architect of the original Cisco Systems SAFE Security Blueprint Written by the principal architect of the original Cisco Systems SAFE Security Blueprint, Network Security Architectures is your comprehensive how-to guide to designing and implementing a secure network. Whether your background is security or networking, you can use this book to learn how to bridge the gap between a highly available, efficient network and one that strives to maximize security. The included secure network design techniques focus on making network and security technologies work together as a unified system rather than as isolated systems deployed in an ad-hoc way.Beginning where other security books leave off, Network Security Architectures shows you how the various technologies that make up a security system can be used together to improve your network's security. The technologies and best practices you'll find within are not restricted to a single vendor but broadly apply to virtually any network system. This book discusses the whys and hows of security, from threats and counter measures to how to set up your security policy to mesh with your network architecture. After learning detailed security best practices covering everything from Layer 2 security to e-commerce design, you'll see how to apply the best practices to your network and learn to design your own security system to incorporate the requirements of your security policy. You'll review detailed designs that deal with today's threats through applying defense-in-depth techniques and work through case studies to find out how to modify the designs to address the unique considerations found in your network.Whether you are a network or security engineer, Network Security Architectures will become your primary reference for designing and building a secure network.This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
Promising Materials for High Power Laser Isolators (2016)

Abstract Northrop Grumman Synoptics is developing the growth of large singlecrystal fluoride materials for Faraday rotator / isolator applications. These materials exhibit smaller nonlinear refractive index and thermo‐optic coefficients, while maintaining Verdet constants near those of the commonly used terbium gallium garnet (TGG) crystals. In particular, the cubic potassium terbium fluoride, KTF (KTb 3 F 10 ) crystal has low absorption and thermo‐optic coefficients. The crystal growth and performance of these single‐crystal fluoride materials will be discussed as well as recent improvements to the performance of TGG crystals.
Medicine Reminder and Monitoring System for Secure Health Using IOT (2016)

In modern society, busy life has made people forget many things in day to day life. The elderly people and the people victims of chronicle diseases who need to take the medicines timely without missing are suffering from dementia, which is forgetting things in their daily routine. Considering this situation study has been done in this. Paper reviewing the technologies of home health care which are currently used for improving this situation by reminding the scheduled of medicine, remote monitoring and update new medicine data of patients, which can be done by prescriber through web.
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein–Mediated Efflux of Digoxin and Its Metabolites by Macrolide Antibiotics (2010)

This study was conducted to determine the rate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of digoxin analogues and metabolites and to assess the effects of macrolide antibiotics on this efflux. Bidirectional transport studies were conducted using our Caco-2 sub clone with high P-gp expression (CLEFF9). HPLC methods were employed to measure drug transport. All digoxin metabolites were P-gp substrates, although digoxin had the greatest efflux ratio. Erythromycin had no effect on the transport of digoxin, maintaining a basolateral to apical efflux ratio of 14.8, although it did reduce the efflux ratio of dihydrodigoxin and digoxigenin by 34% and 43%, respectively. Azithromycin also had little effect on the transport of digoxin or any of its metabolites. In contrast, clarithromycin and roxithromycin almost eliminated basolateral targeted efflux. Using paclitaxel as a known P-gp substrate, erythromycin demonstrated only partial P-gp inhibitory capacity, maintaining an efflux ratio over 100. In contrast, clarithromycin and roxithromycin were 10-fold greater P-gp inhibitors. Clarithromycin and roxithromycin are likely to exhibit drug interactions with digoxin via inhibition of efflux mechanisms. Azithromycin appears to have little influence on P-gp-mediated digoxin absorption or excretion and would be the safest macrolide to use concurrently with oral digoxin.
Fluidic Fabric Muscle Sheets for Wearable and Soft Robotics (2019)

Conformable robotic systems are attractive for applications in which they can be used to actuate structures with large surface areas, to provide forces through wearable garments, or to realize autonomous robotic systems. We present a new family of soft actuators that we refer to as Fluidic Fabric Muscle Sheets (FFMS). They are composite fabric structures that integrate fluidic transmissions based on arrays of elastic tubes. These sheet-like actuators can strain, squeeze, bend, and conform to hard or soft objects of arbitrary shapes or sizes, including the human body. We show how to design and fabricate FFMS actuators via facile apparel engineering methods, including computerized sewing techniques. Together, these determine the distributions of stresses and strains that can be generated by the FFMS. We present a simple mathematical model that proves effective for predicting their performance. FFMS can operate at frequencies of 5 Hertz or more, achieve engineering strains exceeding 100%, and exert forces greater than 115 times their own weight. They can be safely used in intimate contact with the human body even when delivering stresses exceeding 10$^\text{6}$ Pascals. We demonstrate their versatility for actuating a variety of bodies or structures, and in configurations that perform multi-axis actuation, including bending and shape change. As we also show, FFMS can be used to exert forces on body tissues for wearable and biomedical applications. We demonstrate several potential use cases, including a miniature steerable robot, a glove for grasp assistance, garments for applying compression to the extremities, and devices for actuating small body regions or tissues via localized skin stretch.
An architecture of agent-based intelligent control systems (2002)

Intelligent control is an intersectional subject based on a combination of artificial intelligence and automatic control. Agents are a major area of distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) research. From this point of view, this paper discusses the feasibility of agent-based distributed hierarchical intelligent control (ABDHIC). According to the hierarchical structure of intelligent control systems, we put forward the concept of distributed hierarchical intelligent control (DHIC) that blends the division of hierarchical systems and the natural division of distributed control systems. A multiagent system (MAS) was constructed by taking agents as intelligent controllers of DHIC. Contraposing to the characteristic of DHIC, this paper proposed a dominant-subordinate mechanism to coordinate this kind of MAS, analyzed the commonness of agents in the MAS and discussed the agent's compound structure and implementation scheme of the system.
Differences in arachidonic acid levels and fatty acid desaturase (<i>FADS</i>) gene variants in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome (2011)

Over the past 50 years, increases in dietary n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid, have been hypothesised to cause or exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study examines an individual's innate capacity to synthesise n-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) with respect to the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus in Americans of African and European descent with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. Compared with European Americans (EAm), African Americans (AfAm) exhibited markedly higher serum levels of arachidonic acid (AA) (EAm 7·9 (sd 2·1), AfAm 9·8 (sd 1·9) % of total fatty acids; P < 2·29 × 10⁻⁹) and the AA:n-6-precursor fatty acid ratio, which estimates FADS1 activity (EAm 5·4 (sd 2·2), AfAm 6·9 (sd 2·2); P = 1·44 × 10⁻⁵). In all, seven SNP mapping to the FADS locus revealed strong association with AA, EPA and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the EAm. Importantly, EAm homozygous for the minor allele (T) had significantly lower AA levels (TT 6·3 (sd 1·0); GG 8·5 (sd 2·1); P = 3·0 × 10⁻⁵) and AA:DGLA ratios (TT 3·4 (sd 0·8), GG 6·5 (sd 2·3); P = 2·2 × 10⁻⁷) but higher DGLA levels (TT 1·9 (sd 0·4), GG 1·4 (sd 0·4); P = 3·3 × 10⁻⁷) compared with those homozygous for the major allele (GG). Allele frequency patterns suggest that the GG genotype at rs174537 (associated with higher circulating levels of AA) is much higher in AfAm (0·81) compared with EAm (0·46). Similarly, marked differences in rs174537 genotypic frequencies were observed in HapMap populations. These data suggest that there are probably important differences in the capacity of different populations to synthesise LC-PUFA. These differences may provide a genetic mechanism contributing to health disparities between populations of African and European descent.
SyntegraTM - next generation traction drive system, total integration of traction, bogie and braking technology (2006)

The state-of-the-art drive system of today's metro or commuter trains with underfloor traction equipment consists of a 3-phase IGBT inverter, feeding two or four induction traction motors in parallel. For torque transmission from the traction motor to the wheelset, a gear unit is required for the drive. As a rather radical innovation, this paper presents a completely new gearless drive system for future metres or commuter trains called Syntegratrade based on a permanent magnet traction motor. The paper reports on the electrical and mechanical design of the traction motor, the braking concept, the integration into the bogie, the manufacturing and some test results of the laboratory test bench
Detection of Other Microbial Species by<i>Salmonella</i>: Expression of the SdiA Regulon (2003)

Salmonella, Escherichia, and Klebsiella do not encode any recognized type of N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) synthase, and consistent with this, they do not synthesize AHLs under any conditions tested. However, they do encode an AHL receptor of the LuxR family, named SdiA. MudJ fusions in four loci are known to respond to plasmid-encoded sdiA in Salmonella, but only the rck locus has been described. Here we report the location and sequence analysis of the remaining three loci. The srg-6::MudJ is within gtgA of the gifsy-2 prophage, and the srg-7::MudJ is within PSLT61 of the virulence plasmid. Both fusions are in the antisense orientation. The third fusion, srgE5::MudJ, is within a horizontally acquired gene of unknown function at 33.6 centisomes that we have named srgE. Previously, sdiA expressed from its natural position in the chromosome was demonstrated to activate a plasmid-based transcriptional fusion to the rck promoter in response to AHL production by other bacterial species. However, the MudJ fusions did not respond to chromosomal sdiA. Here we report that MudJ fusions to three of the four loci (not srg-6) are activated by AHL in an sdiA-dependent manner during growth in motility agar (0.25% agar) but not during growth in top agar (0.7% agar) or on agar plates (1.2% agar). In motility agar, the srgE promoter responds to sdiA at 30 degrees C and higher while the rck and srg-7 promoters respond only at 37 or 42 degrees C. Substantial AHL-independent SdiA activity was observed at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C.
Insights into PPLive: A Measurement Study of a Large-Scale P2P IPTV System (2006)

With over 100,000 simultaneous users (typically), PPLive is the most popular IPTV application today. PPLive uses a peer-to-peer design, in which peers download and redistribute live television content from and to other peers. Although PPLive is paving the way for an important new class of bandwidth intensive applica-tions, little is known about it due to the proprietary nature of its protocol. In this paper we undertake a preliminary measurement study of PPLive, reporting results from passive packet sniffing of residential and campus peers. We report results for streaming per-formance, workload characteristics, and overlay properties.
A Fast and Retargetable Framework for Logic-IP-Internal Electromigration Assessment Comprehending Advanced Waveform Effects (2016)

A new methodology for system-on-chip-level logic-IP-internal electromigration verification is presented in this paper, which significantly improves accuracy by comprehending the impact of the parasitic RC loading and voltage-dependent pin capacitance in the library model. It additionally provides an on-the-fly retargeting capability for reliability constraints by allowing arbitrary specifications of lifetimes, temperatures, voltages, and failure rates, as well as interoperability of the IPs across foundries. The characterization part of the methodology is expedited through the intelligent IP-response modeling. The ultimate benefit of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a 28-nm design by providing an on-the-fly specification of retargeted reliability constraints. The results show a high correlation with SPICE and were obtained with an order of magnitude reduction in the verification runtime.
Activation of dopamine D<sub>1</sub>-like receptors induces acute internalization of the renal Na<sup>+</sup>/phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa in mouse kidney and OK cells (2004)

The Na(+)/phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa (SLC34A1) is the major transporter mediating the reabsorption of P(i) in the proximal tubule. Expression and activity of NaPi-IIa is regulated by several factors, including parathyroid hormone, dopamine, metabolic acidosis, and dietary P(i) intake. Dopamine induces natriuresis and phosphaturia in vivo, and its actions on several Na(+)-transporting systems such as NHE3 and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase have been investigated in detail. Using freshly isolated mouse kidney slices, perfused proximal tubules, and cultured renal epithelial cells, we examined the acute effects of dopamine on NaPi-IIa expression and localization. Incubation of isolated kidney slices with the selective D(1)-like receptor agonists fenoldopam (10 microM) and SKF-38393 (10 microM) for 1 h induced NaPi-IIa internalization and reduced expression of NaPi-IIa in the brush border membrane (BBM). The D(2)-like selective agonist quinpirole (1 microM) had no effect. The D(1) and D(2) agonists did not affect the renal Na(+)/sulfate cotransporter NaSi in the BBM of the proximal tubule. Studies with isolated perfused proximal tubules demonstrated that activation of luminal, but not basolateral, D(1)-like receptors caused NaPi-IIa internalization. In kidney slices, inhibition of PKC (1 microM chelerythrine) or ERK1/2 (20 microM PD-098089) pathways did not prevent the fenoldopam-induced internalization. Inhibition with the PKA blocker H-89 (10 microM) abolished the effect of fenoldopam. Immunoblot demonstrated a reduction of NaPi-IIa protein in BBMs from kidney slices treated with fenoldopam. Incubation of opossum kidney cells transfected with NaPi-IIa-green fluorescent protein chimera shifted fluorescence from the apical membrane to an intracellular pool. In summary, dopamine induces internalization of NaPi-IIa by activation of luminal D(1)-like receptors, an effect that is mediated by PKA.
Oligocene Gas Potential Along the Southern Margin of the Powder River Basin (1989)

Abstract Commercial quantities of natural gas occur in the Oligocene White River Formation along the southern margin of the Powder River Basin at Douglas, Shawnee, Orpha, and South Douglas Fields. The White River Formation consists of unconsolidated sandstones, shales, and conglomerates, and overlies Cretaceous and older strata with angular unconformity. Most of the gas is stratigraphically trapped in the basal Oligocene sandstones and conglomerates, and probably migrated from Cretaceous sources immediately below the unconformity. Although the reservoirs are discontinuous and have limited areal extents, they will be attractive exploration targets due to their shallow drilling depths, when the price of gas increases and demand for natural gas returns.
Minimization of acquisition time in short-range free-space optical communication (2002)

We consider short-range (1-3-km) free-space optical communication between moving parties when covertness is the overriding system performance requirement. To maximize covertness, it is critical to minimize the time required for the acquisition phase, during which the party initiating contact must conduct a broad-field scan and so risks revealing his position. Assuming an elliptical Gaussian beam profile, we show how to optimize the beam divergence angles, scan speed, and design of the raster scan pattern so as to minimize acquisition time. In this optimization, several constraints are considered, including signal-to-noise ratio, required for accurate bearing detection and reliable decoding; limited receiver bandwidth; limited scanner speed; and beam divergence as limited by the scanner mirror dimensions. The effects of atmospheric turbulence are also discussed.
4,5-Dimethylthiazole-<i>N</i>-oxide-<i>S</i>-oxide: A metabolite of chlormethiazole in man (1985)

The metabolic fate of chlormethiazole in healthy male subjects has been investigated following the oral administration of a single dose of chlormethiazole edisylate. Five urinary C-oxidation metabolites were identified and shown to be identical with previously reported metabolites. A novel metabolite, of molecular formula C5H7NO2S, was shown by trimethylsilylation, deuterium exchange, reduction studies and by its i.r., n.m.r. and mass spectrum, to be 4,5-dimethylthiazole-N-oxide-S-oxide. This is the first reported metabolite which involves the oxidation of the two heterocyclic atoms in aromatic rings. The formation and thermal stability of the compound is ascribed to resonance stabilization.
Emergent Management of Tandem Lesions in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2019)

Background and Purpose- Although intracranial thrombectomy represents the standard treatment approach for anterior circulation tandem occlusions, whether the extracranial lesion requires acute stenting remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate differences in clinical and procedural outcomes related to stenting extracranial lesions in a registry of patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute stroke. Methods- Data were analyzed from the STRATIS registry (Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke)-a prospective, nonrandomized study of patients undergoing neurothrombectomy with the Solitaire device. A total of 984 patients treated at 55 sites were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess relationship between outcome and procedural technique. Results- Of 147 (14.9%) patients with tandem lesions treated, stenting of the extracranial lesion during thrombectomy was performed in 80 patients and withheld in 67 patients. There were no differences between groups with respect to age, ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score), or intravenous-tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) use. However, the patients in the stenting group had lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (16 versus 17.9; P=0.07), shorter onset to arterial puncture time (133.6 versus 163.4 minutes; P=0.04), and lower rates of atrial fibrillation (6.3% versus 25.4%) as compared to the nonstenting group. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2 at 90 days) were higher in the stenting group (68.5% versus 42.2%; P=0.003) with no difference in mortality or symptomatic hemorrhage. After adjustment for covariates, stenting continued to be associated with superior outcomes. Conclusions- Acute stenting of an extracranial carotid stenosis during neurothrombectomy can be achieved with equal safety compared with no stenting. Carotid stenting in the acute phase may lead to better outcomes; this should ideally be confirmed by randomized trials.
Thalidomide Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-  Production by Lipopolysaccharide- and Lipoarabinomannan-Stimulated Human Microglial Cells (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pathogenic factor in bacterial meningitis. The effect of thalidomide on TNF-alpha production by microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, was evaluated. In primary human fetal microglial cell cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or lipoarabinomannan, thalidomide inhibited TNF-alpha release in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of thalidomide was similar to that of dexamethasone, although expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in microglial cells was reduced only by thalidomide. The results of this in vitro study suggest that thalidomide could have therapeutic potential in gram-negative bacterial and tuberculous meningitis.