gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subtype-specific Assembly of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole Propionic Acid Receptor Subunits Is Mediated by Their N-terminal Domains (1999)

Glutamate receptors (GluR) are oligomeric protein complexes formed by the assembly of four or perhaps five subunits. The rules that govern the selectivity of this process are not well understood. Here, we expressed combinations of subunits from two related GluR subfamilies in COS7 cells, the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors. By co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we assessed the ability of AMPA receptor subunits to assemble into multimeric complexes. Subunits GluR1-4 associated with indistinguishable efficiency with each other, whereas the kainate receptor subunits GluR6 and 7 showed a much lower degree of association with GluR1. Using chimeric receptors and truncation fragments of subunits, we show that this assembly specificity is determined by N-terminal regions of these subunits and that the most N-terminal domain of GluR2 together with a membrane anchor efficiently associates with GluR1.
Development of a 700MHz low-/high- temperature superconductor nuclear magnetic resonance magnet: Test results and spatial homogeneity improvement (2008)

For the first time in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet development, a magnet configuration comprising an insert wound with high-temperature superconductor (HTS) and a background-field magnet wound with low-temperature superconductor (LTS) has been proven viable for NMR magnets. This new LTS/HTS magnet configuration opens the way for development of 1 GHz and above NMR magnets. Specifically, a 700 MHz LTS/HTS NMR magnet (LH700), consisting of a 600 MHz LTS magnet (L600) and a 100 MHz HTS insert (H100), has been designed, built, and successfully tested, and its magnetic field characteristics were measured and analyzed. A field homogeneity of 172 ppm in a cylindrical mapping volume of 17 mm diameter by 30 mm long was measured at 692 MHz and corresponding 1H NMR signal with 1.9 kHz half-width was captured. Two techniques, room-temperature and ferromagnetic shimming, were analytically examined to investigate if they would be effective for further improving spatial field homogeneity of the LH700.
Xception: a technique for the experimental evaluation of dependability in modern computers (1998)

An important step in the development of dependable systems is the validation of their fault tolerance properties. Fault injection has been widely used for this purpose, however with the rapid increase in processor complexity, traditional techniques are also increasingly more difficult to apply. This paper presents a new software-implemented fault injection and monitoring environment, called Xception, which is targeted at modern and complex processors. Xception uses the advanced debugging and performance monitoring features existing in most modern processors to inject quite realistic faults by software, and to monitor the activation of the faults and their impact on the target system behavior in detail. Faults are injected with minimum interference with the target application. The target application is not modified, no software traps are inserted, and it is not necessary to execute the target application in special trace mode (the application is executed at full speed). Xception provides a comprehensive set of fault triggers, including spatial and temporal fault triggers, and triggers related to the manipulation of data in memory. Faults injected by Xception can affect any process running on the target system (including the kernel), and it is possible to inject faults in applications for which the source code is not available. Experimental, results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and potential of Xception in the evaluation of the dependability properties of the complex computer systems available nowadays.
Die Beauftragten des Gesetzes: Betreuer und ihr Handeln (2001)

Ob die Grundsätze des Betreuungsrechts sowie die normativen Regelungen zur Stärkung der Autonomie umgesetzt werden, hängt vom Verhalten der Akteure, insbesondere dem/der BetreuerIn, ab. Das Betreuungsrecht sah verschiedene Instrumente bzw. Regularien vor, um die Selbstbestimmung der Betroffenen zu stärken. Dazu gehören die grundsätzliche Verfahrensfähigkeit der Betroffenen und das Recht eine Person als Betreuer vorzuschlagen. Im Sinne der Erforderlichkeit sollen die Aufgabenkreise individuell benannt werden. Betreuer sollen einen persönlichen Kontakt zum/zur Betreuten unterhalten, ein Vertrauensverhältnis aufbauen und wichtige Angelegenheiten mit ihnen besprechen. Es sollen vorrangig natürliche Personen zum Betreuer bestellt werden. Indikatoren für eine zielgerichtete Umsetzung der gesetzlichen Vorgaben zur Förderung der Selbstbestimmung wären z.B. die Häufigkeit der persönlichen Kontakte, die Kenntnis der Wünsche der Betroffenen und ihre Förderung/Rehabilitation. Betreuer benötigen für diese Tätigkeit eine fachliche Unterstützung. Insoweit sind auch die Rahmenbedingungen der Betreuung hinsichtlich der Qualifikation und Beratung der Betreuer von Interesse.
Evidence for Recombination of Live, Attenuated Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine with Challenge Virus to a More Virulent Strain (2000)

Live, attenuated immunodeficiency virus vaccines, such as nef deletion mutants, are the most effective vaccines tested in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model. In two independent studies designed to determine the breadth of protection induced by live, attenuated SIV vaccines, we noticed that three of the vaccinated macaques developed higher set point viral load levels than unvaccinated control monkeys. Two of these vaccinated monkeys developed AIDS, while the control monkeys infected in parallel remained asymptomatic. Concomitant with an increase in viral load, a recombinant of the vaccine virus and the challenge virus could be detected. Therefore, the emergence of more-virulent recombinants of live, attenuated immunodeficiency viruses and less-aggressive wild-type viruses seems to be an additional risk of live, attenuated immunodeficiency virus vaccines.
Potential of Ultra High—Speed Drill String Telemetry in Future Improvements of the Drilling Process Control (2008)

Abstract Drill string telemetry technology allowing reliable data transmission at speeds up to 57,600 bits per second has recently been utilized on two separate offshore locations in the Norwegian North Sea. The results from these deployments prove that a reliable technology exists for high-bandwidth, bi-directional communication between the downhole sensors and surface. This technology overcomes the existing industry challenge related to low bandwidth and time lag associated with mud pulse telemetry. The drilling industry is facing substantial challenges as the remaining petroleum reserves are found in more and more complex environments. Slow overall drilling progress and considerable time and costs related to unproductive time are often seen in the challenging wells needed to tap these reserves. The traditional way of controlling the drilling process seems to have reached its limits. The high-speed telemetry drill pipe technology gives access to large amounts of high-resolution data in real-time. The data can be divided into two main groups drilling process data and formation evaluation data. This paper will primarily focus on the drilling process data and how downhole data can be used in real-time to improve the drilling process. Further, the paper will discuss several drilling operations which can be significantly improved by using high-resolution data in real-time. Short- and medium-term potential benefits will be considered. Required further development of the technology will be discussed together with its practical applications. The paper will also focus on how drill string telemetry technology will be a key enabler for future coupling between downhole sensors and surface control systems. This will open up for more automation of the different drilling processes and a real step change in drilling process control.
Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. A status report (1994)

Intestinal metaplasia in the stomach increases the risk of gastric cancer, and the increased risk is proportional to the extent of the metaplasia. This risk could be generated by one or more mechanisms: (1) the metaplastic tissue is an early step in a multistep induction process; (2) the metaplastic tissue is an epigenetic change that raises the pH of gastric juice by replacing oxyntic mucosa, favoring the growth of a bacteria capable of generating endogenous mutagens; and/or (3) the metaplasia is only a marker for chronic gastritis due to H. pylori infection or pernicious anemia. With the last mechanism, the inflammatory response favors intramural mutagenesis that might result in metaplasia or neoplasia as independent events. Finding gene rearrangements common to both metaplastic and neoplastic tissue may establish a direct link between them, but too few have been identified to account for the large number of stomach cancers that develop in high risk populations. Histochemical and immunochemical stains that identify enzymes or mucosubstances may suggest that metaplastic epithelial cells resemble small or large intestinal cells, but they are distinctly different from both. Moreover, these stains do not indicate whether a given cytologic change is genetic or epigenetic; therefore, they cannot be used to define the relationship between metaplasia and neoplasia. It is unnecessary for practicing physicians to await resolution of this question. It can be assumed that any person with extensive metaplasia is at high risk for gastric cancer and should be subject to periodic screening. The extent of the metaplastic process is probably more important than the metaplastic subtype.
Relationships Between Sleep Stages and Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Men: The MrOS Sleep Study (2015)

Increased time in Stage N1 and less time in Stage R are associated with worsening cognitive performance in older men over time.
A Framework for Evaluating Threshold Variation Compensation Methods in Photon Counting Spectral CT (2012)

One of the challenges in the development of photon counting spectral computed tomography (CT) detectors is that the location of the energy thresholds tends to vary among detector elements. If not compensated for, this threshold variation leads to ring artifacts in the reconstructed images. In this paper, a framework is presented for the systematic comparison of different methods of compensating for inhomogeneities among detector elements in photon counting CT with multiple energy bins. Furthermore, we propose the use of an affine minimum mean square error estimator, calibrated against transmission measurements on different combinations of two materials, for inhomogeneity compensation. Using the framework developed here, this method is compared to two other compensation schemes, flatfielding using an air scan and signal-to-thickness calibration using a step wedge calibrator, in a simulation study. The results show that for all but the lowest studied level of threshold spread, the proposed method is superior to signal-to-thickness calibration, which in turn is superior to flatfielding. We also demonstrate that the effects of threshold variation can be countered to a large extent by substructuring each detector element into depth segments.
The role of advanced automotive electronics: Recent progress & development (2012)

The automotive industry is pursuing a wide variety of technological developments, including reducing CO2 emissions and other measures to improve the environment, enhancing safety performance to help reduce the number of traffic accident fatalities and injuries to zero, and improving the performance of connection functions to make vehicles easier to use. In recent years, hybrid vehicles (HVs) led by the Prius have entered the mainstream of environmentally friendly vehicles. Attention is now beginning to shift to the next-generation, such as plug-in hybrid (PHV) and electric (EV) vehicles. As this occurs, the development of inductive power supply systems is regarded as a useful way of increasing the popularity of PHVs and EVs. Safety technology development has moved beyond a single focus on passive safety systems such as airbags that operate when a collision occurs. Automakers are also actively developing active safety systems that detect objects in front of the vehicle using millimeter wave radar and other sensors to help prevent collisions from occurring. Issues in this development include improving the performance of sensors, developing more precise recognition technology for the detection objects, and cost reduction to encourage the widespread adoption of these systems. Moving, turning, and stopping are regarded as the fundamental aspects of a vehicle's performance. In addition, automakers are also focusing on connecting vehicles to society through information and communication technology (ICT). Although ICT promises to create new added value by improving vehicle usability, highly reliable and high-quality communication must be achieved before connection functions can properly deliver this value potential. Consequently, various efforts are underway to develop new wireless and on-board antenna technologies. This presentation describes the activities of Toyota Motor Corporation in the field of automotive electronics for improving the environmental friendliness, safety, and comfort of its vehicles, and discusses Toyota's hopes for radio wave technologies.
An overview of the fifth-generation implantable cardioverter defibrillator. (1998)

It has been established that treatment with an implantable cardioverter is effective for life-threatening arrhythmia including ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Although most third and fourth-generation implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) models are effective for the treatment of VT and VF, they often misinterpret supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and the incidence of inappropriate therapy delivered is as high as 20 to 40%. To solve this clinical problem, the dual-chamber ICD was developed. According to the current reports on a study of the main fifth-generation ICD models that have been clinically used, 86 to 100% sensitivity regarding discrimination was obtained. In addition, the sensitivity for delivering appropriate therapy for VT was 97 to 100%. Since the indications for ICD therapy are being expanded, additional improvement of the device and adequate patient selection are recommended.
A Novel Trust-Based Authentication Scheme for Low-Resource Devices in Smart Environments (2011)

In smart environments, pervasive computing contributes in improving daily life activities for dependent people by providing personalized services. Nevertheless, those environments do not guarantee a satisfactory level for protecting the user privacy and ensuring the trust between communicating entities. In this paper, we propose a trust evaluation model based on user past and present behavior. This model is associated to a lightweight authentication key agreement protocol (EC-SAKA). The aim is to enable the communicating entities to establish a level of trust and then succeed in a mutual authentication using a scheme suitable for low-resource devices in smart environments. Finally, we tested and implemented our scheme on Android mobile phones in a smart environment dedicated for handicapped people.
MVF-Net: Multi-View 3D Face Morphable Model Regression (2019)

We address the problem of recovering the 3D geometry of a human face from a set of facial images in multiple views. While recent studies have shown impressive progress in 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) based facial reconstruction, the settings are mostly restricted to a single view. There is an inherent drawback in the single-view setting: the lack of reliable 3D constraints can cause unresolvable ambiguities. We in this paper explore 3DMM-based shape recovery in a different setting, where a set of multi-view facial images are given as input. A novel approach is proposed to regress 3DMM parameters from multi-view inputs with an end-to-end trainable Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Multiview geometric constraints are incorporated into the network by establishing dense correspondences between different views leveraging a novel self-supervised view alignment loss. The main ingredient of the view alignment loss is a differentiable dense optical flow estimator that can backpropagate the alignment errors between an input view and a synthetic rendering from another input view, which is projected to the target view through the 3D shape to be inferred. Through minimizing the view alignment loss, better 3D shapes can be recovered such that the synthetic projections from one view to another can better align with the observed image. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over other 3DMM methods.
An efficient reformulation of the closed-shell coupled cluster single and double excitation (CCSD) equations (1988)

The closed-shell CCSD equations are reformulated in order to achieve superior computational efficiency. Using a spin adaptation scheme based on the unitary group approach (UGA), we have obtained a new set of equations that greatly improves our previous formulation. Based on this scheme we have also derived equations for the closed-shell configuration interaction including all single and double excitations (CISD) case. Both methods have been implemented and tested. For a range of test cases the new CCSD method is more efficient than the earlier CCSD method. The new closed-shell CISD procedure is faster than the shape-driven (SD)GUGA algorithm and the new CCSD scheme is less than two times more computation intensive than SDGUGA CISD per iteration.
Locality-Sensitive IoT Network Traffic Fingerprinting for Device Identification (2020)

Engineered systems get smarter with computing capabilities, particularly through a multitude of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. IoT devices, however, are prone to be compromised as they are often resource limited and optimized for a certain task. They lack computing power for security software hence, they have become a major target of malicious activities. In order to secure a network, administrators may isolate vulnerable devices and limit traffic to a device based on its communication needs. In this article, we introduce a novel approach to identify an IoT device based on the locality-sensitive hash of its traffic flow. Different from previous studies that employ machine learning, the proposed approach does not require feature extraction from the data, operates in all states of the device (e.g., setup, idle, and active), and does not require to retrain the model when a new device type/version is introduced. The evaluation results on different data sets show that our approach achieves precision and recall above 90% on average and performs equally well compared to the state-of-the-art machine learning-based methods.
Prodrugs of the selective antiherpesvirus agent 9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl]guanine (BRL 39123) with improved gastrointestinal absorption properties (1989)

Potential oral prodrugs of the antiherpesvirus acyclonucleoside 9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl]guanine (1, BRL 39123) have been synthesized and evaluated for bioavailability of 1 in the blood of mice. Reduction of 9-[4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl]-2-amino-6-chloropurine (13) using ammonium formate and 10% palladium on carbon afforded the 2-aminopurine 14, which was hydrolyzed to the monoacetate 15 and to 2-amino-9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl]purine (5). The 2-aminopurine 5 was subsequently converted to additional monoester (17, 21-23) and diester (16, 24) derivatives and to its di-O-isopropylidene derivative 18. Both 5 and its esters (14-17, 21, 22) and also 18 were well absorbed after oral administration and converted efficiently to 1, the diacetyl (14) and dipropionyl (16) esters providing concentrations of 1 in the blood that were more than 15-fold higher than those observed after dosing either 1 or its esters (25-27). Some 6-alkoxy-9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl]purines (8-10), the preparation of which has been reported previously, also showed improved absorption properties, but their conversion to 1 was less efficient than for the 2-aminopurine derivatives. On the basis of these results and subsequent experiments involving determinations of rates of conversion to 1 in the presence of rat and human tissue preparations, 9-[4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl]-2-aminopurine (14, BRL 42810) was identified as the preferred prodrug of 1. Oral bioavailability studies in healthy human subjects confirmed 14 as an effective prodrug, and this compound is now being evaluated in clinical trials.
Liquid Streaming by High-Frequency Ultrasonic Waves (1996)

Liquid streaming induced by ultrasonic waves in VHF range is discussed. Theoretical analysis shows that the radiation pressure and net body force caused by liquid streaming are proportional to the second and the fourth power of frequency, respectively. Experiments were performed using a ZnO-film/cover-glass composite transducer operated at 241 MHz. Strong liquid streaming was observed and the water surface above the transducer was lifted to 5 mm with the acoustic power of 40 mW. This value roughly agreed with the theoretical prediction.
NEW BENZYL ESTERS POSSESSING AN ANTI-SPASMODIC ACTION. (1921)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNEW BENZYL ESTERS POSSESSING AN ANTI-SPASMODIC ACTION.H. A. Shonle and P. Q. RowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1921, 43, 2, 361–365Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1921Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1921https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01435a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01435a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts