gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevation of Plasma Nitric Oxide End Products during Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Rat (1994)

We investigated the alterations in the stable end products of nitric oxide, i.e., nitrate and nitrite, in the plasma during and after rat focal cerebral ischemia by an automated procedure based on the Griess reaction. At 2 h of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were significantly higher (53 +/- 8 microM, mean +/- SD, n = 5, p < 0.05) than in rats with sham operation (36 +/- 9 microM, n = 5), and were mildly elevated at 4 h of MCA occlusion (42 +/- 9 microM, n = 5, n.s.). At 30 min of reperfusion after 2 h of MCA occlusion, plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were more markedly elevated (72 +/- 7 microM, n = 5, p < 0.01 vs. sham operation), but were moderately elevated at 2 h of reperfusion after 2 h of MCA occlusion (61 +/- 10 microM, n = 5, p < 0.05). Plasma nitrite levels were not changed during these experimental periods. Administration of 20 mg/kg of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) significantly decreased plasma nitrate/nitrite as well as nitrite at 30 min of reperfusion after 2 h of MCA occlusion (n = 5), but 2 mg/kg of L-NAME did not (n = 3). The effect of 20 mg/kg of L-NAME on plasma nitric oxide end products was reversed by the simultaneous administration of 200 mg/kg of L-arginine (n = 3), but not D-arginine (n = 3). The present study suggests that the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway is activated during acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
A Baud-Rate Timing Recovery Scheme With a Dual-Function Analog Filter (2006)

This brief presents a baud-rate timing recovery scheme that is aided by signals generated from a dual-function analog filter. The analog filter functions as a simultaneous low-pass and bandpass filter to generate the data and its slope, respectively. Peaking is introduced in the low-pass data path to equalize a lossy channel. The timing recovery loop utilizes the equalized data and slope signals obtained from the dual-function analog filter to recover a clock based on a modified minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion. Unlike previously published baud-rate techniques for multigigabit per second nonreturn-to-zero data, this technique can lock to either random or alternating data patterns, even from a closed eye. As a proof of concept, a prototype dual-function analog filter was fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process and used to recover a 2-GHz clock from a 2-Gb/s 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 random data sequence based on the modified MMSE criterion
Natural History and Preventative Treatment of Recurrent Mood Disorders (1999)

This chapter focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the etiology, epidemiology, and treatment of recurrent mood disorders. It addresses the changing relationship between endogenous and exogenous factors over time in the etiology of mood episodes. In the area of epidemiology, the chapter presents new information on the prevalence of various subtypes and male/female differences in lifetime risk. Complications of the mood disorders, such as suicide, and important comorbidities, including alcoholism and substance abuse, are discussed. In the area of treatment, the life-long nature of many of the mood disorders is described, as is the consequent role of the primary care physician in their management. The evidence for the efficacy of the depression-specific psychotherapies, cognitive therapy and interpersonal therapy, is reviewed. Current issues in the pharmacotherapy of mood disorders are discussed, including the relative efficacy of the older antidepressants versus the newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the treatment of various subtypes of mood disorders, including dysthymia, chronic depression, and atypical depression. Finally, the chapter describes recent advances in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Taming liquids for rapidly changing targets (2005)

Following rapidly changing target objects is a challenging problem in fluid control, especially when the natural fluid motion should be preserved. The fluid should be responsive to the changing configuration of the target and, at the same time, its motion should not be overconstrained. In this paper, we introduce an efficient and effective solution by applying two different external force fields. The first one is a feedback force field which compensates for discrepancies in both shape and velocity. Its shape component is designed to be divergence free so that it can survive the velocity projection step. The second one is the gradient field of a potential function defined by the shape and skeletion of the target object. Our experiments indicate a mixture of these two force fields can achieve desirable and pleasing effects.
Wireless, battery-free, and fully implantable electrical neurostimulation in freely moving rodents (2021)

Implantable deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems are utilized for clinical treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and chronic pain. However, long-term efficacy of DBS is limited, and chronic neuroplastic changes and associated therapeutic mechanisms are not well understood. Fundamental and mechanistic investigation, typically accomplished in small animal models, is difficult because of the need for chronic stimulators that currently require either frequent handling of test subjects to charge battery-powered systems or specialized setups to manage tethers that restrict experimental paradigms and compromise insight. To overcome these challenges, we demonstrate a fully implantable, wireless, battery-free platform that allows for chronic DBS in rodents with the capability to control stimulation parameters digitally in real time. The devices are able to provide stimulation over a wide range of frequencies with biphasic pulses and constant voltage control via low-impedance, surface-engineered platinum electrodes. The devices utilize off-the-shelf components and feature the ability to customize electrodes to enable broad utility and rapid dissemination. Efficacy of the system is demonstrated with a readout of stimulation-evoked neural activity in vivo and chronic stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in freely moving rats to evoke characteristic head motion for over 36 days.
Reproducibility of 24-h energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation rates in an indirect calorimeter (1996)

The maintenance of weight and adipose tissue mass in humans appears to be related to a balance between the rates of oxidation and consumption of macronutrients; yet, little evidence is available on the reproducibility of 24-h macronutrient oxidation rates and how this relates to diet in the days preceding a chamber session. This study examined the reproducibility of 24-h macronutrient oxidation rates, 24-h energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in 30 adults who ate their habitual diets before two 24-h whole body indirect calorimeter sessions. Results showed that the within-subject coefficients of variation (CVws) for 24-h EE and RQ were 2.8 and 2.6%, respectively. CVws for macronutrient oxidations ranged from approximately 15 to 25%. Means comparisons of 24-h EE, RQ, and macronutrient oxidation rates between sessions showed no significant differences, and all variables had significant positive intraclass correlation coefficients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, macronutrient oxidations all showed significant reproducibility for the group and a significant but lower reproducibility for individuals when habitual diet and activity preceded the experimental sessions.
The duval triangle for load tap changers, non-mineral oils and low temperature faults in transformers (2008)

New versions of the Duval triangle for equipment filled with mineral oil are proposed for load tap changers of the oil type, equipment filled with non- mineral oils, and for low-temperature faults where stray gassing of oils may interfere with diagnostics.
Plasmin-dependent elimination of the growth-factor-like domain in urokinase causes its rapid cellular uptake and degradation (2001)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) act in concert to mediate pericellular proteolysis and to stimulate intracellular signalling responsible for cell migration and proliferation. uPA is composed of three domains, a proteolytic domain (PD), a kringle domain (KD) and a growth-factor-like domain (GFD), the last of which mediates the interaction with uPAR. We demonstrate that uPA, associated with the surface of U937 cells, undergoes plasmin-mediated cleavage of the Lys(46)-Ser(47) bond with elimination of the GFD. Using recombinant forms of uPA, we show that a uPA variant lacking the GFD (r-uPADeltaGFD) and unable to associate with uPAR is rapidly cleared from the cell surface. Binding and internalization of r-uPADeltaGFD are markedly decreased in the presence of 39 kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP), the antagonist of several endocytic receptors of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, suggesting that this protein clearance pathway is used for r-uPADeltaGFD. In contrast with rapidly internalized r-uPADeltaGFD, the intact recombinant single-chain urokinase with wild-type structure (r-uPAwt) bound to uPAR is retained on the cell surface. Soluble uPAR protects uPA from cleavage by plasmin that results in the elimination of GFD, suggesting that uPAR might protect cell-bound urokinase from plasmin-mediated cleavage between the GFD and KD and subsequent degradation.
Bactericidal Effects of Natural Nanotopography of Dragonfly Wing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2017)

Nanotextured surfaces (NTSs) are critical to organisms as self-adaptation and survival tools. These NTSs have been actively mimicked in the process of developing bactericidal surfaces for diverse biomedical and hygiene applications. To design and fabricate bactericidal topographies effectively for various applications, understanding the bactericidal mechanism of NTS in nature is essential. The current mechanistic explanations on natural bactericidal activity of nanopillars have not utilized recent advances in microscopy to study the natural interaction. This research reveals the natural bactericidal interaction between E. coli and a dragonfly wing's (Orthetrum villosovittatum) NTS using advanced microscopy techniques and proposes a model. Contrary to the existing mechanistic models, this experimental approach demonstrated that the NTS of Orthetrum villosovittatum dragonfly wings has two prominent nanopillar populations and the resolved interface shows membrane damage occurred without direct contact of the bacterial cell membrane with the nanopillars. We propose that the bacterial membrane damage is initiated by a combination of strong adhesion between nanopillars and bacterium EPS layer as well as shear force when immobilized bacterium attempts to move on the NTS. These findings could help guide the design of novel biomimetic nanomaterials by maximizing the synergies between biochemical and mechanical bactericidal effects.
PLATO: Policy learning using adaptive trajectory optimization (2017)

Policy search can in principle acquire complex strategies for control of robots and other autonomous systems. When the policy is trained to process raw sensory inputs, such as images and depth maps, it can also acquire a strategy that combines perception and control. However, effectively processing such complex inputs requires an expressive policy class, such as a large neural network. These high-dimensional policies are difficult to train, especially when learning to control safety-critical systems. We propose PLATO, a continuous, reset-free reinforcement learning algorithm that trains complex control policies with supervised learning, using model-predictive control (MPC) to generate the supervision, hence never in need of running a partially trained and potentially unsafe policy. PLATO uses an adaptive training method to modify the behavior of MPC to gradually match the learned policy in order to generate training samples at states that are likely to be visited by the learned policy. PLATO also maintains the MPC cost as an objective to avoid highly undesirable actions that would result from strictly following the learned policy before it has been fully trained. We prove that this type of adaptive MPC expert produces supervision that leads to good long-horizon performance of the resulting policy. We also empirically demonstrate that MPC can still avoid dangerous on-policy actions in unexpected situations during training. Our empirical results on a set of challenging simulated aerial vehicle tasks demonstrate that, compared to prior methods, PLATO learns faster, experiences substantially fewer catastrophic failures (crashes) during training, and often converges to a better policy.
Crosswell seismic imaging of reservoir changes caused by CO2 injection (1997)

Monitoring of enhanced-oil-recovery processes with crosswell data has been one of the earliest applications of time-lapse geophysics. Because data with frequencies up to a few kilohertz can often be collected with the crosswell geometry, the method can potentially offer imaging resolution of the order of a few feet. Such resolution is often necessary for time-lapse investigation to be useful in building reservoir models and for accurately describing fluid flow in heterogeneous reservoirs.
Assessment of plant growth promoting activities and abiotic stress tolerance of Azotobacter chroococcum strains for a potential use in sustainable agriculture (2016)

This study aimed to select and characterize bacterial strains with multiple plant growth promotion properties able to tolerate drought and salinity stress in order to improve plant growth performance under abiotic stresses. Plant growth promoting activities were evaluated in 106 bacterial strains isolated by soil, compost, lignocellulosic biomasses and food matrices. Two strains A. chroococcum 67B and 76A were selected for their multiple plant growth promotion activities (N 2 -fixing activity, synthesis of siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid) as well as antimicrobial activity against Sclerotinia minor. Moreover, the selected strains were tested for their tolerance to drought and salinity stress in in vitro experiments evaluating their growth, production of SOD, CAT, proline and ACC deaminase. The two Azotobacter chroococcum strains exhibited high tolerance to salt and drought stresses and could alleviate the negative effects exerted by abiotic stress on tomato plants. Overall results showed that the strains Azotobacter chroococcum 67B and Azotobacter chroococcum 76A could be interesting candidates to be employed as bio-effector in sustainable agricultural systems also under stressful conditions leading to improved economic and environmental benefits.
Commercial Trawler Discards of Four Flounder Species in the Gulf of Maine (1987)

The objectives of the research were to quantify commercial trawler discards of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and to examine variables that potentially influence discard rates. Data were obtained from 135 tows in six areas of the Gulf of Maine. Four different types of trawls were used. Mean discard percentages per tow, on a weight basis, were 25, 18, 13, and 5% for American plaice, witch flounder, yellowtail flounder, and winter flounder, respectively. Mean discard percentages were higher on a numerical basis, with 57, 27, 25, and 12% of the respective species discarded per tow. Both trawl type and area fished affected the discard percentages of American plaice and witch flounder. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that six variables combined to explain 66.8% of the variation in discard percentage of American plaice, and that three variables combined to explain 31.2% of the variation in discard percentage of witch flounder.
Effect of Dronabinol on Central Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

On average, dronabinol was no more effective than diphenhydramine for relieving chronic neuropathic pain below the level of injury.
Static compression for dynamic texts (2002)

The authors have explored the particular needs of large information retrieval systems, in which hundreds of megabytes of data are stored, retrieval is non-sequential, and new text is continually being appended. It has been shown that the word-based model can be adapted to cope well both with dynamic environments, and with situations in which decode-time memory is limited. In the latter case as little as 100 Kb of main memory is sufficient to achieve excellent compression, provided a suitable choice of tokens is used as the compression lexicon. To solve the former problem a new paradigm of compression has been introduced, in which some components of the compression model are required to remain static to ensure that all parts of the text can be decoded, and some parts are extensible, so that new text can also influence the assignment of codewords. An additional heuristic-Swap-to-Near-the-Front-allows collections to be seeded with as little as 1/1000 of their final text with minimal loss of compression efficiency. The resulting "almost static" compression method is ideal for large dynamic collections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ADSORPTION OF BLOOD-GROUP SUBSTANCES FROM SERUM ON TO RED CELLS (1959)

Journal Article ADSORPTION OF BLOOD-GROUP SUBSTANCES FROM SERUM ON TO RED CELLS Get access JOAN S. SNEATH, B.Sc., JOAN S. SNEATH, B.Sc. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. H. A. SNEATH, M.A. M.B. B.Chir. P. H. A. SNEATH, M.A. M.B. B.Chir. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 15, Issue 2, May 1959, Pages 154–157, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069741 Published: 01 May 1959
Holdsworth, Deryck W. <i>The Parking Authority of Toronto, 1952–1987. </i> (1989)

Holdsworth, Deryck W. The Parking Authority of Toronto, 1952–1987. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. Pp xii, 122. Illustrations, maps, bibliography, index. An article from journal Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine (Volume 17, Number 3, February 1989, pp. 143-229), on Érudit.
Methods of Analysis Used in the Coal-Tar Industry. III—Heavy and Middle Oils. (1918)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethods of Analysis Used in the Coal-Tar Industry. III—Heavy and Middle Oils.J. M. WeissCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1918, 10, 11, 911–916Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1918Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1918https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50107a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50107a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A family of Delphi components for case-based reasoning (2003)

Nearest neighbour (NN) algorithms are one of the more popular approaches to implementing case-based reasoning systems. A family of Delphi components are presented that implements an NN approach based on the weighted Euclidean distance (WED). To make the approach more general, the distance measure of WED is implemented by so called comparators which are specialised components for comparing attribute values.
Developing Soluble Polymers for High-Throughput Synthetic Chemistry (2002)

Soluble polymers have emerged as viable alternatives to resin supports across the broad spectrum of high-throughput organic chemistry. As the application of these supports become more widespread, issues such as broad-spectrum solubility and loading are becoming limiting factors and therefore new polymers are required to overcome such limitations. This article details the approach made within our group to new soluble polymer supports and specifically focuses on parallel libraries of block copolymers, de novo poly(styrene-co-chloromethylstyrene), PEG- stealth stars, and substituted poly(norbornylene)s.
Recipes for Creating Animal Models of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease (2007)

For more than 50 years, investigators have unsuccessfully tried to recreate in experimental animals the cardiovascular complications of diabetes seen in humans. In particular, accelerated atherosclerosis and dilated cardiomyopathy, the major causes of mortality in patients with diabetes, have been conspicuously absent in many mouse models of the disease. Under the auspices of the NIH, the Animal Models of Diabetic Complications Consortium has worked to address this issue. This effort has focused on the development of mouse models because of the high level of genomic information available and the many well-developed genetic manipulations that may be performed in mice. Importantly, the consortium has also worked to standardize many methods to assess metabolic and cardiovascular end points for measurement of the diabetic state and its macrovascular complications. Finally, for maximum benefits from these animal models in the study of atherosclerosis and of other diabetic complications, the consortium has created a system for sharing both the animal models and the accumulated phenotypic data with the greater scientific community.
<i>In vitro</i> AND <i>in vivo</i> UPTAKE OF BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE INTO HUMAN AND MINISWINE ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE (1993)

Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) has been demonstrated to be a new potent photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although most of the work on BPD has been focused on its potential applications for cancer treatment, BPD may have potential clinical uses in the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro and in vivo uptake of BPD into atherosclerotic plaque. Samples of atherosclerotic human femoral and popliteal arteries were incubated with BPD-monoacid, ring A (BPD-MA) for 1 h in the following concentrations: 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 micrograms/mL. Fluorescence from all samples was determined by chemical extraction with a spectrofluorometer. The tissue concentration for human arteries was 0.37 +/- 0.03, 2.78 +/- 1.5, 3.6 +/- 1.91, 7.15 +/- 2.36, 8.06 +/- 3.09 and 14.6 +/- 4.81 micrograms/g, respectively. In addition, three miniswine were rendered atherosclerotic and given BPD 2.0 mg/kg intravenously. The concentration of BPD-MA in miniswine aorta was 93-190 ng/g and the plaque/normal ratio was 1.7-3.5. For miniswine iliac arteries, the [BPD-MA] was 60-178 ng/g and the plaque/normal ratio was 1.1-3.3. Normal miniswine carotid artery contained 54 ng/g. This study showed that BPD-MA was taken up in atherosclerotic vessels both in vitro and in vivo and may have potential for PDT of atherosclerosis.