gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An <em>in vivo</em> Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability (2013)

This method is based on the intravenous injection of Evans Blue in mice as the test animal model. Evans blue is a dye that binds albumin. Under physiologic conditions the endothelium is impermeable to albumin, so Evans blue bound albumin remains restricted within blood vessels. In pathologic conditions that promote increased vascular permeability endothelial cells partially lose their close contacts and the endothelium becomes permeable to small proteins such as albumin. This condition allows for extravasation of Evans Blue in tissues. A healthy endothelium prevents extravasation of the dye in the neighboring vascularized tissues. Organs with increased permeability will show significantly increased blue coloration compared to organs with intact endothelium. The level of vascular permeability can be assessed by simple visualization or by quantitative measurement of the dye incorporated per milligram of tissue of control versus experimental animal/tissue. Two powerful aspects of this assay are its simplicity and quantitative characteristics. Evans Blue dye can be extracted from tissues by incubating a specific amount of tissue in formamide. Evans Blue absorbance maximum is at 620 nm and absorbance minimum is at 740 nm. By using a standard curve for Evans Blue, optical density measurements can be converted into milligram dye captured per milligram of tissue. Statistical analysis should be used to assess significant differences in vascular permeability.
Molecular cloning of a peroxisomal Ca <sup>2+</sup> -dependent member of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily (1997)

A cDNA from a novel Ca2+-dependent member of the mitochondrial solute carrier superfamily was isolated from a rabbit small intestinal cDNA library. The full-length cDNA clone was 3,298 nt long and coded for a protein of 475 amino acids, with four elongation factor-hand motifs located in the N-terminal half of the molecule. The 25-kDa N-terminal polypeptide was expressed in Escherichia coli, and it was demonstrated that it bound Ca2+, undergoing a reversible and specific conformational change as a result. The conformation of the polypeptide was sensitive to Ca2+ which was bound with high affinity (Kd approximately 0.37 microM), the apparent Hill coefficient for Ca2+-induced changes being about 2.0. The deduced amino acid sequence of the C-terminal half of the molecule revealed 78% homology to Grave disease carrier protein and 67% homology to human ADP/ATP translocase; this sequence homology identified the protein as a new member of the mitochondrial transporter superfamily. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of a single transcript of about 3,500 bases, and low expression of the transporter could be detected in the kidney but none in the liver. The main site of expression was the colon with smaller amounts found in the small intestine proximal to the ileum. Immunoelectron microscopy localized the transporter in the peroxisome, although a minor fraction was found in the mitochondria. The Ca2+ binding N-terminal half of the transporter faces the cytosol.
Linear cellular antenna switch for highly-integrated SOI front-end (2007)

A CMOS-compatible SOI SP6T cellular antenna switch achieves linearity heretofore requiring more costly sapphire or GaAs substrate materials. The prototype TX path P-o.ids is 41 dBm and harmonics are 79 dBc at 34 dBm output power. A low insertion loss of 0.8 dB and isolation of 40 dB is obtained at 900 MHz. A CMOS-compatible SOI SP6T cellular antenna switch achieves linearity heretofore requiring more costly sapphire or GaAs substrate materials. The prototype TX path P-o.ids is 41 dBm and harmonics are 79 dBc at 34 dBm output power. A low insertion loss of 0.8 dB and isolation of 40 dB is obtained at 900 MHz.
Metal Complexes of some Model Peptide Derivatives. Part-IX. Complexation Equilibria of Cobalt-, Nickel-, Copper- and Zinc(II) with Salicyloylglycylglycine (1991)

Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, 92 Acharya Prafnlla Chandra Road, Calcutta-700 009 <em>Manuscript received 33 July 1990, revised 39 October 1991, accepted 6 December 1991</em> Combined pH-metric and spectrophotometric study on the complexation equilibria of Co<sup>II</sup>, Ni<sup>II</sup>, Cu<sup>ll</sup> and Zn<sup>II</sup> with the model peptide ligand. salicyloylglycylglycine, (o)HO -C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CONHCH<sub>2</sub>CONHCH<sub>2</sub>COOH provided evidence of formation of only 1 : 1 metal : ligand complexes, M(H<sub>-2</sub> L)<sup>2-</sup>. in which the metal ions are coordinated by the two deprotonated amide nitrogen atoms along with phenolic and carboxylic oxygen atoms of the ligand. Proton-ligand and metal-ligand constants were determined in 50% (v/v) ethanol-water medium at a fixed ionic strength (<em>l</em>=0.2 <em>M</em> NaNO<sub>3</sub>) at 30 + 0.1º. The complexation equilibria were worked out and correlated with the mode of bonding of the ligand.
ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY IN UNDERWATER MULTIVIEW RECONSTRUCTION (2018)

Multiview reconstruction, a method for creating 3D models from multiple images from different views, has been a popular topic of research in the eld of computer vision in the last two decades. Increased availability of high-quality cameras led to the development of advanced techniques and algorithms. However, little attention has been paid to multiview reconstruction in underwater conditions. Researchers in a wide variety of elds (e.g. marine biology, archaeology, and geology) could benefit from having 3D models of seafloor and underwater objects. Cameras, designed to operate in air, must be put in protective housings to work underwater. This affects the image formation process. The largest source of underwater image distortion results from refraction of light, which occurs when light rays travel through boundaries between media with different refractive indices. This study addresses methods for accounting for light refraction when using a static rig with multiple cameras. We define a set of procedures to achieve optimal underwater reconstruction results, and we analyze the expected quality of the 3D models' measurements.
Inorganic borates: Chemistry, human exposure, and health and regulatory guidelines (1996)

Risk assessment of essential or nutritionally important trace elements occurring naturally in foods and the environment poses many challenges to health advisory bodies and regulatory agencies when setting acceptable daily intake levels of these elements, especially in media such as drinking water. The use of traditional 100-fold safety factors applied to animal-derived, no-effect levels for some essential elements can unwittingly lead to calculated acceptable daily intakes below levels that are recognized as nutritional requirements. Boron (B) is widely distributed in the environment combined with oxygen to form inorganic borates. It has been known for 75 years that B is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and as such it occurs naturally in all fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, legumes, wine, and to a lesser extent in most other foods and beverages. Drinking waters and some mineral waters from areas naturally high in B also may contribute to human daily intake. Human and animal studies provide strong support that B is a nutritionally beneficial, if not essential, element for humans, and it is possible that B deficiency may pose potential health risks. Recent estimates show that the mean dietary intake of B in the United States is 1 mg/day, although B intakes can vary considerably across national diets, especially those that contain higher amounts of fruits and vegetables. National and international health advisory and regulatory bodies should consider both the ubiquity and nutritional importance of B as part of a healthy diet when setting standards and guidelines based on animal toxicology-derived, no-effect-levels. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intramolecular Reductive Double Cyclization of <i>o</i>,<i>o</i>′-Bis(arylcarbonyl)diphenylacetylenes: Synthesis of Ladder π-Conjugated Skeletons (2009)

Upon the treatment of bis(arylcarbonyl)diphenylacetylenes with lithium naphthalenide, the carbonyl reduction dominantly occurs over the acetylene reduction. The produced bis(radical anion) intermediate undergoes a synchronous double-radical 5-endo-dig cyclization. This simple reduction procedure produces two intriguing classes of ladder pi-conjugated skeletons, i.e., emissive methylene-bridged stilbenes and dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes regarded as a cyclic 1,4-diphenylbutadiene.
Series connected PWM GTO current/source convertor with symmetrical phase angle control (1990)

A series connected pulse width modulated current-source converter (CSC) with symmetrical phase angle control, employing gate turnoff thyristors, is investigated for high voltage applications, where the sinusoidally modulated pulse width is kept sufficiently large to suppress the harmonics by employing a constant modulation index. It should be appreciated that in this system the power flow can be easily controlled, with a high power factor and nearly sinusoidal supply currents. Furthermore, to demonstrate the usefulness of the system, its transient behaviour with a digital PI controller is examined experimentally by looking at its step responses. They are verified by an approximate prediction method without a complete simulation. In addition, the active and reactive powers are examined to investigate their distribution in the system.
Error-Prone Mutagenesis Detected in Mammalian Cells by a Shuttle Vector Containing the <i>supF</i> Gene of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1984)

When a shuttle vector containing a tyrosine suppressor tRNA (supF) gene as a target for mutagenesis replicated in a monkey kidney cell line, the frequency of SupF+ mutations was 2.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-3). When the host cells were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate 40 h before transfection, a 10-fold increase in SupF+ mutation frequency was observed. These results supported the hypothesis that a damage-inducible mutagenic pathway exists in mammalian cells and also demonstrated the utility of this shuttle vector for the study of mutagenesis in mammalian cells.
Peptide antisera targeted to a conserved sequence in poliovirus capsid VP1 cross-react widely with members of the genus Enterovirus (1993)

Rabbits were immunized with synthetic peptides derived from an immunodominant region of the VP1 capsid protein of enteroviruses. This region shows a high degree of homology among all sequenced members of the genus. Peptide-induced antisera were used for immunoperoxidase staining of cell cultures infected with 41 different serotypes of enterovirus. Specific cytoplasmic staining was readily seen in all but two cases. Echovirus type 22 was previously known to differ genetically from the rest of the enteroviruses, and hence, a negative result was expected. Surprisingly, one of the tested serum samples reacted with echovirus 22-infected cells. Coxsackievirus A7-infected cells could be reliably stained with only one of the tested serum samples. For the remaining 39 serotypes, scattered infected cells resulting from 1 to 2 days of incubation with diluted inocula were easily scored as positive before the cytopathic effect became visible. The same antibodies were also used in a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay to demonstrate poliovirus antigens in cell extracts as early as 3 h after a high-multiplicity infection. These antibodies are candidates for enterovirus group reagents, being potentially useful in both the laboratory diagnosis of enterovirus infections and research on enterovirus-host interactions.
The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG126 prevents the massive microglial cytokine induction by pneumococcal cell walls (2001)

Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae still have a disastrous outcome. Underlying immunological and CNS cellular events are largely enigmatic. We used pneumococcal cells walls (PCW) to investigate microglial responses as these cells are prominent sensors and effectors during neuropathological changes. PCW stimulation of mouse microglia in vitro evoked the release of the cyto- and chemokines, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-2 and RANTES as well as soluble TNF receptor II, a potential TNF-alpha antagonist. The release induction followed extremely steep dose-response relations, and short exposure periods (15 min) were already sufficient to trigger substantial responses. PCW signaling controlling the release depended on both p38 and p42/p44 (ERK2/ERK1) MAP kinase activities. The kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG126 prevented the PCW-inducible phosphorylation of p42/p44(MAPK), potently blocked cytokine release and drastically reduced the bioavailable TNF-alpha, since it only marginally affected the release of soluble TNF receptors. Moreover, in an in vivo model of pneumococcal meningitis, AG126 significantly attenuated the PCW-induced leukocyte influx to the cerebrospinal fluid. The findings imply that pneumococcal CNS infection can cause a rapid and massive microglial activation and that ERK/MAPK pathway(s) are potential targets for pharmacological interventions.
Tracing Fatty Acid Metabolism by Click Chemistry (2012)

Fatty acids are abundant constituents of all biological systems, and their metabolism is important for normal function at all levels of an organism. Aberrations in fatty acid metabolism are associated with pathological states and have become a focus of current research, particularly due to the interest in metabolic overload diseases. Here we present a click-chemistry-based method that allows tracing of fatty acid metabolism in virtually any biological system. It combines high sensitivity with excellent linearity and fast sample turnover. Since it is free of radioactivity, it can be combined with any other modern analysis technology and can be used in high-throughput applications. Using the new method, we provide for the first time an analysis of cellular fatty metabolism with high time resolution and a comprehensive comparison of utilization of a broad spectrum of fatty acids in hepatoma and adipose cell lines.
Sporadic and Familial Dementia With Ubiquitin-Positive Tau-Negative Inclusions (2005)

Behavioral features in familial and sporadic cases were similar, but semantic dementia only occurred in sporadic cases. Diagnostic confusion with Alzheimer disease and corticobasal degeneration occurred in some cases.
Propionibacterium acnes Immunotherapy in Chronic Recurrent Canine Pyoderma (1989)

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, dogs with chronic recurrent pyoderma were treated with antibiotics plus intravenous injections of either Propionibacterium acnes or placebo. Responses (an increase, decrease, or clearing of lesions) were measured and evaluated statistically. Eighty percent (12 of 15) of the dogs treated with antibiotics and P acnes compared with 38% (five of 13) of the dogs treated with antibiotics and placebo responded with significant improvement or complete remission of lesions at the end of the 12-week treatment schedule (P less than 0.05).
Treatment of Intrinsic Viscosities (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTreatment of Intrinsic ViscositiesP. J. Flory and T. G FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 1904–1908Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1857Altmetric-Citations947LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Durable elimination of high affinity, T cell-dependent antibodies by low molecular weight antigen arrays in vivo (1995)

Ongoing Ab responses to a T cell-dependent Ag can be suppressed in hyperimmune animals by exogenous, multivalent Ag arrays. The pharmacologic basis for this suppression was studied by varying the molecular mass, ligand valence, and dose of Ag arrays, and then determining their efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution. Arrays ranging in molecular mass from 30 to 500 kDa caused initial clearance of specific serum Abs, but only the smaller arrays caused persistent suppression despite their relatively lower binding avidity and shorter retention in vivo. Suppression by the smaller arrays at lower doses was biphasic, implying two distinct modes of Ab elimination. High affinity IgG was eliminated preferentially, as shown by calibrated variable ligand-density ELISA. Suppressive arrays were localized discretely in the splenic germinal centers of hyperimmune animals. These results indicate that Ag array mass, ligand valence, and dose all play critical roles, and histologic compartmentalization may also be a pertinent parameter, in determining suppressive efficacy in vivo.
Reactivity of Gas Barrier Membranes Filled with Reactive Particulates (2006)

Gas barrier plastic films and structures capable of removing a permeating solute via irreversible chemical reactions in the polymer matrix are investigated in applications of active packaging for controlling contained environments. To significantly reduce permeation rates through such active barriers, high barrier reactivity is required. When the reactive species take the form of fine particulates sparingly dispersed in the matrix, the reactivity of a composite membrane is affected by a lower frequency of collisions of dissolved gas molecules with the distributed reactive particles. The mean size of the particles and their volume fraction in the matrix are identified as the critical factors affecting the overall reactivity of uniformly filled composite barriers. A two-scale coarse-grained model of reaction-diffusion in a matrix is developed by introducing a unit cell approach to estimate the reaction rate upon collision with the particles and by choosing the unit length of diffusive molecular displacement equal to the mean diameter of the reactive particles to describe diffusion across the barrier and statistics of molecule-particle collisions. The corresponding method for evaluating the barrier reactivity is described. The effects of the system parameters on the effective gas transport rates across the reactive composite barriers including polymer nanocomposite barriers with reactive additives are quantified.
Thermodynamic and transport properties of single-crystal<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Yb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnSb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

Relatively large (up to 250 mg) single crystals of the intermetallic compound ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{14}{\mathrm{MnSb}}_{11}$ have been prepared by a flux-growth technique. The results of thermodynamic and transport measurements of these samples are presented. The compound orders ferromagnetically at approximately ${T}_{C}=53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\mathrm{K},$ with a magnetization consistent with the assignment ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ ${(3d}^{4})$ and ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{2+}$ ${(4f}^{14}).$ The Mn moments are local in nature, with the full effective and saturated moment of the Hund's rule spin-only ground state. The electrical resistivity has a metallic temperature dependence, with only a modest anisotropy. Room-temperature values of the resistivity are relatively high for an intermetallic compound: $1630\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}160\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega}\mathrm{cm}$ and $1250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}130\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega}\mathrm{cm}$ for currents flowing approximately parallel and perpendicular to the c axis, respectively. There is a distinct loss of spin-disorder scattering in the resistivity at ${T}_{C}.$ From the heat capacity, a rough estimation of the magnetic entropy gives $\ensuremath{\Delta}{S}_{M}\ensuremath{\approx}12.1\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{}\mathrm{K},$ the value in reasonable agreement with the expected $\ensuremath{\Delta}{S}_{M}\ensuremath{\approx}R\mathrm{ln}5$ from the assignment of these moments. All of these data are consistent with a picture of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ local moments being coupled via conduction electrons. To this end, ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{14}{\mathrm{MnSb}}_{11}$ appears to be analogous to local-moment rare-earth intermetallic compounds, and may point the way toward a class of $3d$ Kondo lattice compounds.
Divided by a Common Language: Political Theory and the Concept of Power (1997)

Power is probably the most universal and fundamental concept of political analysis. It has been, and continues to be, the subject of extended and heated debate. In this article I critically review the contributions of Bachrach and Baratz, and Lukes to our understanding of the multiple faces of power. I suggest that although the former's two-dimensional approach to power is ultimately compromised by the residues of behaviouralism that it inherits from classic pluralism, the latter's three-dimensional view suggests a potential route out of this pluralist impasse. To seize the opportunity he provides, however, requires that we rethink the concept of power. In the second half of the paper I advance a definition of power as context-shaping and demonstrate how this helps us to disentangle the notions of power, responsibility and culpability that Lukes conflates. In so doing I suggest the we differentiate clearly between analytical questions concerning the identification of power within social and political contexts, and normative questions concerning the critique of the distribution and exercise of power thus identified.
Trifluralin and root growth<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref> (1971)

Journal Article Trifluralin and root growth Get access EDWARD M. LIGNOWSKI, EDWARD M. LIGNOWSKI Department of Horticulture, West Virginia University,Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar EION G. SCOTT EION G. SCOTT Department of Horticulture, West Virginia University,Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 12, Issue 5, October 1971, Pages 701–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a074667 Published: 01 October 1971 Article history Received: 19 March 1971 Published: 01 October 1971