gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on fusion technology based on low-light visible image and infrared image (2016)

Image fusion technology usually combines information from multiple images of the same scene into a single image so that the fused image is often more informative than any source image. Considering the characteristics of low-light visible images, this study presents an image fusion technology to improve contrast of low-light images. This study proposes an adaptive threshold-based fusion rule. Threshold is related to the brightness distribution of original images. Then, the fusion of low-frequency coefficients is determined by threshold. Pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNN)-based fusion rule is proposed for fusion of high-frequency coefficients. Firing times of PCNN reflect the amount of detail information. Thus, a high-frequency coefficient corresponding to maximum firing times is chosen as the fused coefficient. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains high-contrast images and outperforms traditional fusion approaches on image quality.
Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium (2003)

Many pharmacological effects have been ascribed to extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves. However, in spite of its widespread use in Brazilian folk medicine and a reasonable number of scientific reports about it, we could not find any study dealing with its action on the mammalian myocardium. In the present study, by measuring isometric force, we observed that the crude extract of P. guajava (water-alcohol extract obtained by macerating dry leaves) depresses the guinea pig atrial contractility in a concentration-dependent fashion (N = 8 hearts, 15 trials). The compound with cardiac activity was concentrated by extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using 17 M glacial acetic acid after removing the less polar fractions (hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol), suggesting that this compound is a highly polar substance. In the isolated guinea pig left atrium the acetic acid fraction (10-800 mg/l) of P. guajava 1) reversibly decreased myocardial force in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC50 = 0.07g/l, N = 5 hearts, 9 trials, P<0.05), 2) increased the atrial relaxation time measured at 20% of the force amplitude up to 35% (91 +/- 15 to 123 +/- 30 ms, N = 3 hearts, 6 trials, P<0.05), 3) abolished the positive staircase effect (Bowditch phenomenon) in a concentration-dependent fashion suggesting a decrease of the cellular inward calcium current (N = 4 hearts, 8 trials, P<0.05), and 4) its inotropic effect was abolished by cholinergic receptor blockade with 1.5 mM atropine sulfate, indicating a cholinergic involvement in the mechanism of action of the extract (N = 7 hearts, 15 trials, P<0.05). The acetic acid extract was 20 times more potent than crude extract (EC50 = 1.4 g/l). The results showed that extracts from P. guajava leaves depress myocardial inotropism.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amination (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Intermolecular C–H Amination with Rhodium(II) Catalysts Intermolecular C–H Amination with Other Metals Intramolecular C–H Amination with Rhodium(II) Catalysts Carbamate Esters Sulfamate Esters Sulfamides and Sulfonamides Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Olefin Aziridination Carbamate Esters Sulfamate Esters Sulfonamides Enantioselective C–H Insertion with Sulfamate Esters Mechanistic Investigations Summary and Outlook for Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Olefin Diamination Applications of C–H Amination in Synthesis Carbamate Ester Amination Sulfamate Ester C–H Insertion 1,2,3-Oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxides as Tools in Synthesis Synthetic Applications of Sulfamate Ester Oxidation Conclusion References
Perpendicular uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/[001] single crystal films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

The uniaxial magnetic anisotropies by torque measurement have been measured for Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/[001] single crystal films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). It has been found that Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/[001] films exhibits perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy which makes the easy axis along the [001] direction, and those anisotropy constants K/sub U1/ and K/sub U2/ for Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/ were 1.6/spl times/10/sup 7/ and 0.4/spl times/10/sup 7/ erg/cm/sup 3/ respectively. Those K/sub U1/ and K/sub U2/ for Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/ were constant in the thickness range from 34 to 83 nm. The ferromagnetic resonance of Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/[001] single crystal films have been measured. The saturation magnetic flux densities, 4/spl pi/M/sub s/ for Fe/sub 16/N/sub 2/ measured by the magnetic torques and resonance fields agreed well with the values measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
A Simplified Classification and Repair System for Sinus Membrane Perforations (2003)

A classification and repair system is presented for the management of sinus membrane perforations, based upon membrane location and severity. The results of 19 consecutively treated cases are presented. All cases of sinus membrane perforation were appropriately managed, resulting in successful sinus augmentation therapy, implant placement, and restoration. All implants were functioning successfully at the time of statistical compilation.
Transmission of high speed data in cdma2000 (2003)

Requirements for CDMA high-speed data (HSD) services make one of the distinguish marks between second generation and third generation (3G) wireless systems. cdma2000 provides 3G capacity, high data rates of up to 2 Mb/s and services. This paper describes a generalized frame structure for the support of sub-frames within cdma2000. This structure is parameterized such that it can be configured for efficient operation, depending on the radio environment and mobile station complexity, in order to provide several degrees of freedom. Impact on both convolutional code and turbo-code physical layer implementation is investigated. The results show the benefits of using the sub-frames technique.
Muscle Coordination Is Habitual Rather than Optimal (2012)

When sharing load among multiple muscles, humans appear to select an optimal pattern of activation that minimizes costs such as the effort or variability of movement. How the nervous system achieves this behavior, however, is unknown. Here we show that contrary to predictions from optimal control theory, habitual muscle activation patterns are surprisingly robust to changes in limb biomechanics. We first developed a method to simulate joint forces in real time from electromyographic recordings of the wrist muscles. When the model was altered to simulate the effects of paralyzing a muscle, the subjects simply increased the recruitment of all muscles to accomplish the task, rather than recruiting only the useful muscles. When the model was altered to make the force output of one muscle unusually noisy, the subjects again persisted in recruiting all muscles rather than eliminating the noisy one. Such habitual coordination patterns were also unaffected by real modifications of biomechanics produced by selectively damaging a muscle without affecting sensory feedback. Subjects naturally use different patterns of muscle contraction to produce the same forces in different pronation-supination postures, but when the simulation was based on a posture different from the actual posture, the recruitment patterns tended to agree with the actual rather than the simulated posture. The results appear inconsistent with computation of motor programs by an optimal controller in the brain. Rather, the brain may learn and recall command programs that result in muscle coordination patterns generated by lower sensorimotor circuitry that are functionally "good-enough."
High-sensitivity fibre-optic accelerometer (1982)

A sensitive accelerometer is described, in which single-mode optical fibre is used to detect acceleration induced dimensional changes in a compliant cylinder. The device sensitivity and overall frequency response can be tailored through a suitable choice of the compliant material employed. Sensitivities better than 1000 rad/g (10 m/s2) are exhibited using rubber as the compliant material.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation and Selective Removal of Nitrophenols by Using Surface Molecular Imprinted Titania (2008)

Poor selectivity of titania (TiO2) photocatalysis is unfavorable to photocatalytic removal of highlytoxic low-level organic pollutants in polluted waters in the presence of other less toxic high-level pollutants. A new strategy of increasing this selectivity is the surface modification of TiO2 via coating a thin layer of molecular imprinted polymer (MIP), which provides molecular recognition ability toward the template molecules. By using 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol as target pollutants, MIP-coated TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared via surface molecular imprinting and were observed to have high activity and selectivity toward the photodegradation of the targets. In the presence of bisphenol A (50 mg L(-1)) as a nontarget pollutant, the apparent rate constant for the photodegradation of the target 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol (1.8 mg L(-1)) over the corresponding MIP-coated TiO2 was 10.73 x 10(-3) and 7.06 x 10(-3) min(-1), being 2.46 and 4.61 times of that (4.36 x 10(-3) and 1.53 x 10(-3) min(-1)) over neat TiO2, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic selectivity was increased when the concentration of the target was decreased and/or when the difference in both the chemical structure and molecule size between the target and nontarget molecules was increased. The increased selectivity was mainly attributed to the special interaction between the target molecules and the footprints polymer via the functional groups (-OH and -NO2).
Reversibility in the Reaction of Phosphinyl Radicals with Olefins (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversibility in the Reaction of Phosphinyl Radicals with OlefinsJoseph PellonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 8, 1915–1916Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01469a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01469a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
E-MAP-115 (ensconsin) associates dynamically with microtubules in vivo and is not a physiological modulator of microtubule dynamics (1999)

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been hypothesized to regulate microtubule dynamics and/or functions. To test hypotheses concerning E-MAP-115 (ensconsin) function, we prepared stable cell lines expressing conjugates in which the full-length MAP (Ensc) or its microtubule-binding domain (EMTB) was conjugated to one or more green fluorescent protein (GFP) molecules. Because both distribution and microtubule-binding properties of GFP-Ensc, GFP-EMTB, and 2x, 3x, or 4xGFP-EMTB chimeras all appeared to be identical to those of endogenous E-MAP-115 (ensconsin), we used the 2xGFP-EMTB molecule as a reporter for the behavior and microtubule-binding function of endogenous MAP. Dual wavelength time-lapse fluorescence imaging of 2xGFP-EMTB in cells microinjected with labeled tubulin revealed that this GFP-MAP chimera associated with the lattice of all microtubules immediately upon polymerization and dissociated concomitant with depolymerization, suggesting that dynamics of MAP:microtubule interactions were at least as rapid as tubulin:microtubule dynamics in the polymerization reaction. Presence of both GFP-EMTB chimeras and endogenous E-MAP-115 (ensconsin) along apparently all cellular microtubules at all cell cycle stages suggested that the MAP might function in modulating stability or dynamics of microtubules, a capability shown previously in transiently transfected cells. Although cells with extremely high expression levels of GFP-EMTB chimera exhibited stabilized microtubules, cells expressing four to ten times the physiological level of endogenous MAP exhibited microtubule dynamics indistinguishable from those of untransfected cells. This result shows that E-MAP-115 (ensconsin) is unlikely to function as a microtubule stabilizer in vivo. Instead, this MAP most likely serves to modulate microtubule functions or interactions with other cytoskeletal elements.
Die innenpolitische Manipulation der Aussenpolitik: Die Logik von Ratifikationsdebatten in der direkten Demokratie (1995)

Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren ist das Interesse an den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aussenpolitik und direkter Demokratie neu erwacht. In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir mit Hilfe eines Rational Choice‐Modells, inwiefern sich Abstimmungen zu internationalen Verträgen manipulieren lassen. Solche Beeinflussungsversuche sind etwa bei der Auswahl der Kampagnenthemen relevant. So ist bei den Kontrahenten das Bestreben erkenntlich, statt auf die Propaganda des Gegners einzugehen, so weit als möglich Argumentationsmonopole zu errichten. Diese Tendenz widerspricht der optimistischen Sichtweise, wonach Abstimmungskämpfe die Informationsnachteile der Stimmbürgerschaft abbauen und einen rationalen Diskurs erlauben. Eine Inhaltsanalyse von Zeitungsinseraten zur EWR‐Vorlage bringt zudem zu Tage, dass die Gegner einer aussenpolitischen Öffnung den Befürwortern in praktisch allen Dimensionen überlegen waren. Dieses systematische Ungleichgewicht ruft nach Reformmassnahmen, welche die informellen Spielregeln der direkten Demokratie zu ändern suchen.
Characterization of Genes for a Pollen Allergen, Cry j 2, of <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> (2006)

The coding and promoter regions of Cry j 2 genes contain large numbers of polymorphisms. Our analysis revealed large variations in the expression of Cry j 2 at the transcriptional level, and we suggest that conserved homologs of Cry j 2 confer cross-allergenicity among Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae.
On-Line Residual Life Estimation with Outlier Judgement for Condition Based Maintenance (2011)

A method of on-line residual life prediction is proposed for condition based maintenance of industrial equipment. With on-line monitoring of condition of the industrial equipment, the residual life is evaluated by using on-line prediction of the equipment deterioration. The deterioration prediction is based on the on-line identification of the mathematical model of deterioration process. To improve the accuracy of the deterioration prediction, outlier elimination technique is introduced. The proposed method was applied to actual data of rotating equipment in a thermal power plant and the results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Changing faces, unmasking the beta-cell (2013)

PTMs of beta-cell autoantigens provide a novel hypothesis to understand how autoreactive T-cells can escape immune tolerance and cause destruction of beta-cells ('beta-cell homicide'). Additionally, aberrant proteins produced by stressed beta-cells can cause their own destruction ('beta-cell suicide'). Upon endoplasmic reticulum-stress, proteins are misfolded or modified changing the protein structure. In T1D, this may generate new beta-cell (neo)autoantigens. PTM of islet-autoantigens provides a mechanism by which pathogenic T-cells can escape thymic deletion. This amplifies the immune response when encountering a modified beta-cell neo-autoantigen bound to T1D predisposing human leucocyte antigen molecules in the periphery.
Radio Direction Finding and Superresolution (1991)

Enlarged and revised second edition. Modern direction finders, capable of measuring elevation angles as well as azimuth angles on the components of multi-ray wavefields, have become powerful tools for research in ionospheric physics and HF radio propagation. The complexity of the problem of resolving closely-spaced rays requires the combined use of wide aperture antenna arrays, multichannel receiving systems and sophisticated digital processing techniques.
Where Does the Driver Look? Top-Down-Based Saliency Detection in a Traffic Driving Environment (2016)

A traffic driving environment is a complex and dynamically changing scene. When driving, drivers always allocate their attention to the most important and salient areas or targets. Traffic saliency detection, which computes the salient and prior areas or targets in a specific driving environment, is an indispensable part of intelligent transportation systems and could be useful in supporting autonomous driving, traffic sign detection, driving training, car collision warning, and other tasks. Recently, advances in visual attention models have provided substantial progress in describing eye movements over simple stimuli and tasks such as free viewing or visual search. However, to date, there exists no computational framework that can accurately mimic a driver's gaze behavior and saliency detection in a complex traffic driving environment. In this paper, we analyzed the eye-tracking data of 40 subjects consisted of nondrivers and experienced drivers when viewing 100 traffic images. We found that a driver's attention was mostly concentrated on the end of the road in front of the vehicle. We proposed that the vanishing point of the road can be regarded as valuable top-down guidance in a traffic saliency detection model. Subsequently, we build a framework of a classic bottom-up and top-down combined traffic saliency detection model. The results show that our proposed vanishing-point-based top-down model can effectively simulate a driver's attention areas in a driving environment.
Gibbs Sampling for Bayesian Non-Conjugate and Hierarchical Models by Using Auxiliary Variables (1999)

Summary We demonstrate the use of auxiliary (or latent) variables for sampling non-standard densities which arise in the context of the Bayesian analysis of non-conjugate and hierarchical models by using a Gibbs sampler. Their strategic use can result in a Gibbs sampler having easily sampled full conditionals. We propose such a procedure to simplify or speed up the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The strength of this approach lies in its generality and its ease of implementation. The aim of the paper, therefore, is to provide an alternative sampling algorithm to rejection-based methods and other sampling approaches such as the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm.
Synthesis of Chinensines A−E (2007)

Short and efficient syntheses of coronarin E (4) and chinensines A-E (5-9) have been accomplished. The use of two different types of reaction of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) lies at the heart of the synthetic strategy. The syntheses have facilitated the clarification of certain previously unknown, or unconfirmed, stereochemical details (the relativity stereochemistries of chinensines D and E and the absolute stereochemistries for all the synthesized family members).
Escherichia coli genes whose products are involved in selenium metabolism (1988)

Mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated which were affected in the formation of both formate dehydrogenase N (phenazine methosulfate reducing) (FDHN) and formate dehydrogenase H (benzylviologen reducing) (FDHH). They were analyzed, together with previously characterized pleiotropic fdh mutants (fdhA, fdhB, and fdhC), for their ability to incorporate selenium into the selenopolypeptide subunits of FDHN and FDHH. Eight of the isolated strains, along with the fdhA and fdhC mutants, maintained the ability to selenylate tRNA, but were unable to insert selenocysteine into the two selenopolypeptides. The fdhB mutant tested had lost the ability to incorporate selenium into both protein and tRNA. fdhF, which is the gene coding for the 80-kilodalton selenopolypeptide of FDHH, was expressed from the T7 promoter-polymerase system in the pleiotropic fdh mutants. A truncated polypeptide of 15 kilodaltons was formed; but no full-length (80-kilodalton) gene product was detected, indicating that translation terminates at the UGA codon directing the insertion of selenocysteine. A mutant fdhF gene in which the UGA was changed to UCA expressed the 80-kilodalton gene product exclusively. This strongly supports the notion that the pleiotropic fdh mutants analyzed possess a lesion in the gene(s) encoding the biosynthesis or the incorporation of selenocysteine. The gene complementing the defect in one of the isolated mutants was cloned from a cosmid library. Subclones were tested for complementation of other pleiotropic fdh mutants. The results revealed that the mutations in the eight isolates fell into two complementation groups, one of them containing the fdhA mutation. fdhB, fdhC, and two of the new fdh isolates do not belong to these complementation groups. A new nomenclature (sel) is proposed for pleiotropic fdh mutations affecting selenium metabolism. Four genes have been identified so far: selA and selB (at the fdhA locus), selC (previously fdhC), and selD (previously fdhB).
The difference between cocoa butter and salatrim® lies in the microstructure of the fat crystal network (1999)

Abstract The solid fat content of Salatrim® at 22°C is 9% higher than that of cocoa butter; however, its storage modulus, G′ (1 Hz), or solid‐like character, is one order of magnitude lower (2.5 MPa vs. 52 MPa). This difference may be explained by structural differences in the microstructure of the fat crystal network of the respective fat systems. Polarized light micrographs of these two confectionery fats show that cocoa butter forms a fat crystal network characterized by discrete crystalline particles which aggregate to large microstructures which then form a three‐dimensional network, while Salatrim®’s network is composed of randomly arranged noncrystalline, translucent platelets. Rheological measurements on both fat networks yielded fractal dimensions of 2.37 for cocoa butter and 2.90 for Salatrim®. Image analysis of the microstructure of cocoa butter yielded a fractal dimension of 2.31; however, the microstructure of Salatrim® does not lend itself to fractal analysis via image analysis. It was observed that the microstructure of Salatrim® is random instead of fractal. The proposition is made that the macroscopic mechanical properties of Salatrim® are related to the mechanical properties of the platelets that make up the network and the nature of the links between the platelets. Furthermore, the random spatial distribution of the platelets does not provide an indication of the strength of the network. For cocoa butter, the macroscopic mechanical properties are integrally related to the fractal spatial distribution of the solid mass in the network, the nature of the links between the microstructures, and the strength of the microstructures.