gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and rapid preparation of plasmid template by a filtration method using microtiter filter plates (1997)

We developed a new simple high-throughput plasmid DNA extraction procedure, based on a modified alkaline lysis method, using only one 96-well microtiter glassfilter plate. In this method, cell harvesting, lysis by alkaline and plasmid purification are performed on only one microtiter glassfilter plate. After washing out RNAs or other contaminants, plasmid DNA is eluted by low-ion strength solution, although precipitated chromosomal DNA is not eluted. The plasmid prepared by this method can be applied to sequencing reactions or restriction enzyme cleavage.
Androgens stimulate endothelial progenitor cells through an androgen receptor‐mediated pathway (2007)

This study showed that the increase in the proliferation, migration and colony formation activity of EPCs induced by androgens is an AR-mediated pathway. Androgen exerts these effects at concentrations that are physiologically present in men and therefore further studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of these effects in normal and pathological conditions.
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (2003)

From the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. Reprints: Dr. Donald D. Glower, Department of Surgery, Box 3851, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. E-mail: glowe001@ mc.duke.edu.
Breast cancer patients co-expressing estrogen receptor alpha and/or progesterone receptors and HER2/neu: Response to adjuvant therap (2004)

699 Background: In breast cancer patients ERα/PR (HR) predict the response to endocrine therapy (mainly tamoxifen: Tx), and HER2/neu predicts the response to trastuzumab. These molecules are inversely correlated (not all reports agree on this), however, in a few cases they are co-expressed. Some but not all studies suggest that HR+/HER2/neu+ patients have poor response to Tx making this special group a matter of debate. In this prospective study we report the response to adjuvant therapy in a relatively small subgroup of patients co-expressing HR and HER2/neu. Methods: We have analysed the data from our patients: n=516, follow-up: 5–10 years, consecutive stage I-II cases, tumor biopsies studied by immunohistochemistry to integrate the molecular markers ERα, PR, PCNA, HER2/neu, p53 and P170 with the clinicopathological data to obtain prognostic information (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 67:431–437, 1998). ERα/PR+: nuclear receptors in ≥ 10% of cancer cells, HER2/neu+: membrane staining in >1% of cancer cells (in previous studies this expression level correlated with western blot and southern blot). Results: Fifty one (10.4%) patients co-expressed HR and HER2/neu, from these, 21 patients received adjuvant therapy with Tx alone (20 mg/day). Lymph node-negative patients treated with Tx alone showed survival curves similar to the patients that were HR+/HER2/neu negative (n=106). In contrast, lymph node positive patients (HR+/HER2/neu+) treated with Tx alone had shorter survival (p=0.002), the treatment with poly-chemotherapy followed by Tx did not improved significantly the survival of these patients. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients co-expressing HR and HER2/neu may be treated with adjuvant therapy with Tx alone if they are lymph node negative. In contrast, Tx alone should not be used in HR+/HER2/neu+ patients with lymph node-positive tumors (treatment with poly-chemotherapy followed by Tx did not improved the survival, in these cases perhaps trastuzumab should be added). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cognitive Radio Architecture: The Engineering Foundations of Radio XML (2006)

Preface. 1. Introduction. SECTION I: FOUNDATIONS. 2. Technical Overview. 3. Evolving from Aware and Adaptive to Cognitive Radio. 4. Autonomous Machine Learning for AACR. 5. Cognitive Radio Architecture. 6. Introduction to CRI. SECTION II: RADIO COMPETENCE. 7. Radio Domain Use Cases. 8. Radio Knowledge. 9. Implementing Radio Domain Skills. SECTION III: USER DOMAIN COMPETENCE. 10. User Domain Use Cases. 11. User-Domain Knowledge. 12. Implementing User Domain Skills. 13. Semantic Radio. 14. Conclusions. Glossary. 15. References.
Outgassing of photoresists in extreme ultraviolet lithography (2000)

The outgassing characteristics of 100 nm thick films of several commercial photoresists were investigated during and after exposure to lithographically relevant doses of extreme ultraviolet lithography radiation. Three positive tone and two negative tone chemically amplified deep ultraviolet resists were evaluated that are commercially available. The amount and chemical composition of the outgassed species was determined by quartz crystal microbalance and quadrupole mass spectrometry. Outgassed species identified were products from acid catalyzed or photochemical cleavage reactions involving protecting groups, and products from the decomposition of photoacid generator molecules. t-butyl ester protected positive resist based on tetra polymers of methacrylates (IBM version 2.1) outgassed during exposure, and t-butoxy carbonyl protected positive resist based on polyhydroxystyrene (APEX-E) outgassed during and after exposure. Outgassing from t-butyl ester positive resist based on an ESCAP type polymer (UV6) and from negative resists (SAL 605 and NTS-4A4) was below detection limits in our experiments.
High Levels of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Transform Low-Dersity Lipoprotein Into a Potent Redox-Sensitive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Stimulant in Diabetic Patients (2004)

Exposure to daily dietary glycoxidants enhances LDL-induced vascular toxicity via redox-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. This can be prevented by dietary AGE restriction.
Automatic verification of library-based IC designs (1991)

A new method is presented for fully automatic verification of layout, generated with a library-based IC design system. The method overcomes the limitation of traditional simulation-based verification techniques. It is based on a stepwise bottom-up reconstruction of large architecture building blocks, starting from the layout. Using a pattern matcher, the simplest cells in the transistor netlist, such as inverters, NAND gates, etc., are identified first. Then the pattern matcher is used again to find the next level of cells, such as memory cells, flip-flops, etc. Reconstruction of more and more complex structures takes place, until the architecture level is reached. To be able to communicate instances of parametrized library modules, the parameters have to define the module's connectivity in a unique way. For every module, a controller can then be established which guides the reconstruction process. When the design is correct, the reconstruction will succeed. On the other hand, if at some point the reconstruction fails, this indicates incorrect connectivity at that point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Opioid Pharmacology (2008)

Background: Mu agonists have been an important component of pain treatment for thousands of years. The usual pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, clearance, volume of distribution) of opioids have been known for some time. However, the metabolism has, until recently, been poorly understood, and there has been recent interest in the role of metabolites in modifying the pharmacodynamic response in patients, in both analgesia and adverse effects. A number of opioids are available for clinical use, including morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Advantages and disadvantages of various opioids in the management of chronic pain are discussed. Objective: This review looks at the structure, chemistry, and metabolism of opioids in an effort to better understand the side effects, drug interactions, and the individual responses of patients receiving opioids for the treatment of intractable pain. Conclusion: Mu receptor agonists and agonist-antagonists have been used throughout recent medical history for the control of pain and for the treatment of opiate induced side effects and even opiate withdrawal syndromes. Key words: Opioid metabolism, opioid interactions, morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, methadone, intractable pain, endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins, narcotics, pharmacology, propoxyphene, fentanyl, oxymorphone, tramadol
Peer Reviewed: The Challenge of Remediating Chromium-Contaminated Soil (1996)

The complex chemistry of chromium compounds presents unique measurement and regulatory challenges.
Identification and synthesis of altered peptides modulating T cell recognition of a synthetic peptide antigen. (1995)

In studies of T cell responses to synthetic peptides we have observed agonist and antagonist activities associated with contaminants identified within the parent synthesis. The synthesis of two candidate analogues implied by a peptide contaminant formed during the synthesis of La 51-58 (IMIKFNRL) has been carried out. The peptide contaminant was 17-18 Da smaller than the parent peptide consistent with a modified asparagine residue at position 6 and so we synthesised both an aspartimide and a nitrile analogue, representing cyclisation or dehydration of the asparagine residue. The candidate aspartimide and nitrile analogues both bound empty MHC class I molecules to form allo determinants recognised by monoclonal antibodies. These results demonstrate that altered synthetic peptides can bind class I MHC molecules and prompt caution in the use of synthetic peptides as a source of immunising antigen.
Unraveling the three-metal-ion catalytic mechanism of the DNA repair enzyme endonuclease IV (2007)

Endonuclease IV belongs to a class of important apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases involved in DNA repair. Although a structure-based mechanistic hypothesis has been put forth for this enzyme, the detailed catalytic mechanism has remained unknown. Using thermodynamic integration in the context of ab initio quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics, we examined certain aspects of the phosphodiester cleavage step in the mechanism. We found the reaction proceeded through a synchronous bimolecular (A(N)D(N)) mechanism with reaction free energy and barrier of -3.5 and 20.6 kcal/mol, in agreement with experimental estimates. In the course of the reaction the trinuclear active site of endonuclease IV underwent dramatic local conformational changes: shifts in the mode of coordination of both substrate and first-shell ligands. This qualitative finding supports the notion that structural rearrangements in the active sites of multinuclear enzymes are integral to biological function.
The diagnosis and treatment of late-life depression. (1996)

Depression in the elderly occurs commonly and is a major public health problem. Unfortunately, despite the availability of safe and effective treatments, late-life depression is often underdiagnosed because the symptoms are unrecognized by the patient and the health care provider. Late-life depression is described in this review, with a focus on symptoms, prevalence, diagnosis, and available treatment modalities.
Use of an enzyme thermistor in continuous measurements and enzyme reactor control (1979)

The enzyme thermistor measures the heat produced by the action of an immobilized enzyme on a substrate present in the sample. Its application in analysis of discrete samples, e.g., in clinical chemistry, is well documented, but it has not been used so far for continuous measurements. We decribe here the application of the enzyme thermistor for continuous monitoring and control of enzyme reactors. An enzyme thermistor filled with coimmobilized glucose oxidase and catalase was used to measure the amount of glucose in the outflow from a column reactor containing immobilized lactase acting on a lactose solution pumped through the reactor. The lactose conversion was kept on a constant level, irrespective of the actual enzymatic activity in the reactor, by regulating the flow through the reactor. The experiments were carried out with aqueous solutions of lactose as well as with whey from cow's milk.
Development of protection system based on pulsed power switching for high-resistance ground fault of power feeding system of dc electric railway (1993)

Because of relatively high short-circuit resistance, most of the ground-fault accidents between power feeders and supporting structures can not be detected by the conventional protection systems at the DC electric railway substations. A novel protection system has been successfully developed which reduces such a short-circuit resistance to the detectable level. The unit device consists of a CR-integrator, a master pulse generator gap, a decoupling gap switch and two main arc-gap switches in a series connection, and installed between the rail and the supporting structures. The largescale field test has demonstrated that these inexpensive protection systems function well and may improve the reliability of the DC railway systems.
Electrochemical incorporation of poly(pyrrole) into Nafion and comparison of the electrochemical properties of Nafion-poly(pyrrole) and poly(pyrrole) films (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical incorporation of poly(pyrrole) into Nafion and comparison of the electrochemical properties of Nafion-poly(pyrrole) and poly(pyrrole) filmsG. Nagasubramanian, S. Di Stefano, and J. MoacaninCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 18, 4447–4451Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100409a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100409a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
HIGH ENERGY RATE METAL FORMING. Interim Technical Engineering Report No. 7 for October 1 to December 31, 1959 (1960)

The hoop stresses induced in the walls of a small water filled explosive forming tank with various insulating materials are presented. Air, as an energy absorbing medium, was found to be the most effective. (auth)
<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectral assignments of 2,4‐diaryl‐substituted cycloalkyl[<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (2002)

Abstract The proton and carbon spectra of new 2,4‐diaryl‐substituted cycloalkyl[ d ]pyrimidines prepared in a simple one‐pot reaction, are reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing world city networks: a network analysis of Internet backbone and air transport intercity linkages (2006)

Abstract The research looks at the structure of the Internet backbone and air transport networks between 82 cities in 2002, using Internet backbone bandwidth and air passenger traffic data. Centrality measures on individual city's hierarchy in the Internet and in the air traffic networks were significantly correlated, with London in the most dominant position in both networks. A quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) showed a structural equivalence between two systems. The division and membership of the clusters in both networks also showed similarity; both networks had a strongly cohesive North American-European cluster with the London-New York dyad as the strongest linkage in the global flow of information and people. These findings suggest that current trends in Internet infrastructure concentration reproduce and maintain global inequality and hierarchy among world cities.
Split and merge codebook design algorithms for image compression (2000)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Relative efficacy of antithrombin compared with antiplatelet agents in accelerating coronary thrombolysis and preventing early reocclusion. (1991)

Inhibition of thrombin by recombinant hirudin facilitates thrombolysis and maintains patency of coronary arteries recanalized with t-PA particularly effectively. The benefit conferred may reflect direct anticoagulant effects plus diminished activation of platelets secondary to decreased thrombin activity.
World-Wide Web有何用? (1996)

过去我们常常有一个部门叫做Interchange。它是一个联机服务和一个出版平台。它有一个复杂的用户界面,无论用于检索还是浏览都是一个优秀的环境,而且它能提供相当丰富的图形。而我曾见到过的第一个Web浏览
[Nasal intubation for frontobasal fractures?]. (1992)

In most cases the surgical management of craniofacial fractures involves a correction of the occlusion. This requires nasal intubation. In a frontobasal fracture with simultaneous CSF fistula, nasal intubation is thought to increase the risk of meningitis. An analysis of the records of 160 patients with frontobasal fractures and CSF fistulae revealed that the route of intubation had no influence on the post-operative complication rate. Nasal intubation is therefore not contraindicated in frontobasal fractures with CSF fistulae.
Dynamic threshold implementation of the maximum-likelihood detector for the EPR4 channel (2002)

The authors show that the maximum-likelihood Viterbi detector for the binary extended class-4 partial response (EPR4) channel, in additive Gaussian noise, can be implemented using dynamic thresholds. The dynamic threshold method uses eight thresholds, whereas the add-compare-select method uses eight state metrics. The dynamic threshold method has the same performance as the add-compare-select method, and is presented as an alternative to that method. For selected implementations of the two methods, the dynamic threshold method was found to use 20% less adders than the add-compare-select method. In addition, the path memory for the EPR4 maximum-likelihood Viterbi detector, using either implementation, can be reduced by up to 37.5%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SiGe BiCMOS 3.3-V clock and data recovery circuits for 10-Gb/s serial transmission systems (2000)

Two fully monolithic clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits for serial optical fiber links are presented. One CDR is targeting SONET OC-192 application while the other is a possible 10-GigaBit Ethernet application using 8B/10B coded data. The ICs are fabricated in a SiGe BiCMOS technology with a 45-GHz cut-off frequency. The CDRs extract a full rate clock and recover data from a random input bit stream. Each IC integrates a novel self-correcting phase detector, a delay-interpolating ring voltage-controlled oscillator, and a lock-to-reference loop for frequency acquisition. High-speed operation, low time jitter, and large jitter tolerance are the main features of the circuits. Each macro dissipates about 320 mW from 3.3-V supply.
High-Yield Syntheses and Reactivity Studies of 1,2-Diborylated and 1,2,4,5-Tetraborylated Benzenes (2014)

Treatment of 1,2-dibromobenzene (1,2-C6H4Br2) or 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene (1,2,4,5-C6H2Br4) with 2 equiv or 4 equiv of n-BuLi in the presence of excess iso-propoxy(pinacol)borane ((i-PrO)Bpin) furnishes 1,2-C6H4(Br)(Bpin) (1) or 1,4,2,5-C6H2(Br)2(Bpin)2 (3) with excellent selectivity. The subsequent reaction of 1 or 3 with Mg turnings and more (i-PrO)Bpin gives the di- and tetraborylated benzenes 1,2-C6H4(Bpin)2 (2) and 1,2,4,5-C6H2(Bpin)4 (4) in overall yields of about 65%. For the Grignard transformation step, it is essential to continuously add 1 equiv (1) or 2 equiv (3) of 1,2-dibromoethane as an entrainer over a period of 1 h. Compounds 1 and 2 have been transformed into the ortho-functionalized trihydroborates Li[1,2-C6H4(Br)(BH3)] (Li[7]) and Li[1,2-C6H4(Bpin)(BH3)] (Li[8]) by means of 1 equiv of Li[AlH4]. Using 3 equiv of Li[AlH4], 2 can also be converted into the ditopic lithium trihydroborate Li2[1,2-C6H4(BH3)2] (Li2[9]); even the tetratopic derivative Li4[1,2,4,5-C6H2(BH3)4] (Li4[10]) is accessible from 4 and 4 equiv of Li[AlH4]. The compounds Li[7], Li[8], Li2[9], and Li4[10] have been crystallographically characterized as ether solvates, but still show Ar–BH3-η2-Li interactions as the dominant mode of coordination. In the cases of Li2[9] and Li4[10] an intricate three-dimensional network and a zigzag polymer, respectively, are established by the contact ion pairs in the crystal lattice.
Pathogenicity and Cytokine Gene Expression Pattern of a Serotype 4 Fowl Adenovirus Isolate (2013)

Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS), a recently emerged disease of chickens, is caused by some strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). In this study, a Canadian FAdV-4 isolate, designated as FAdV-4 ON1, was evaluated for pathogenicity after oral and intramuscular (im) infection of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. Pathogenicity was evaluated by observation of clinical signs and gross and histological lesions. The highest viral DNA copy numbers, irrespective of the inoculation route, were detected in the cecal tonsils. Virus titers in cloacal swabs collected over the entire study period were compared between the orally and im inoculated chickens, and the difference in titers between the two groups was significant (P<0.001), the oral group had a higher rank. The antibody response of infected chickens tested by an adenovirus-specific ELISA showed a statistically significant (P<0.001) difference between the orally and im inoculated chickens. The im inoculated chickens had higher values than birds inoculated orally (P<0.001). Serum samples from both groups collected at 14 days post-infection completely neutralized FAdV-4 ON1. In addition, the effects of FAdV-4 ON1 infection on transcription of a number of avian cytokines were studied in vivo. The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in the liver was induced at early times after infection. This FAdV-4 ON1 potentially could be used as a live vaccine against HHS and developed as vaccine vector. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the FAdV-4 ON1 sequence is GU188428.
Information Dispersion over Redundant Arrays of Optimal Cloud Storage for Desktop Users (2011)

Data storage in cloud computing centres is gaining popularity for personal and institutional data backups as well as for highly scalable access from software applications running on attached compute servers. The data is usually access-protected, encrypted and replicated depending on the security and scalability needs. Despite the advances in technology, the practical usefulness and longevity of so-called cloud storage is limited in today's systems which severely impacts the acceptance and adoption rates. Therefore, we introduce a novel cloud storage management architecture which combines storage resources from multiple providers so that redundancy, security and other non-functional properties can be adjusted adequately to the needs of the user. Furthermore, we present NubiSave, a user-friendly implementation with configurable adequate overhead which runs on and integrates into contemporary desktop systems. Finally, a brief analysis of measurements performed by us shows how well the system performs in a real distributed cloud storage environment.