gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Highly Replicative Intergroup M/O Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Recombinant Isolated from a Cameroonian Patient (1999)

A Cameroonian patient with antibodies reacting simultaneously to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group O- and group M-specific V3-loop peptides was identified. In order to confirm that this patient was coinfected with both viruses, PCRs with O- and M-specific discriminating primers corresponding to different regions of the genome were carried out with both primary lymphocyte DNA and the corresponding viral strains isolated from three consecutive patient samples. The PCR data suggested that this patient is coinfected with a group M virus and a recombinant M/O virus. Indeed, only type M gag sequences could be amplified, while for the env region, both type M and O sequences were amplified, from plasma or from DNA extracted from primary lymphocytes. Sequence analysis of a complete recombinant genome isolated from the second sample (97CA-MP645 virus isolate) revealed two intergroup breakpoints, one in the vpr gene and the second in the long terminal repeat region around the TATA box. Comparison of the type M sequences shared by the group M and the recombinant M/O viruses showed that these sequences were closely related, with only 3% genetic distance, suggesting that the M virus was one of the parental viruses. In this report we describe for the first time a recombination event in vivo between viruses belonging to two different groups, leading to a replicative virus. Recombination between strains with such distant lineages (65% overall homology) may contribute substantially to the emergence of new HIV-1 variants. We documented that this virus replicates well and became predominant in vitro. At this time, group O viruses represent a minority of the strains responsible for the HIV-1 pandemic. If such recombinant intergroup viruses gained better fitness, inducing changes in their biological properties compared to the parental group O virus, the prevalences of group O sequences could increase rapidly. This will have important implications for diagnosis of HIV-1 infections by serological and molecular tests, as well as for antiviral treatment.
On a fair distribution of consumer's flexibility between market parties with conflicting interests (2016)

The present work deals with social welfare maximization for energy scheduling. The parties involved in this study are a utility company, a distribution system operator and residential end-users. It allows the different participants to share a common electrical grid, without violating network constraints. A smart grid, equipped with a two-way communication system on a district level, is considered. For this purpose, each participant exchanges information, in order to establish a power consumption schedule that optimizes its own objectives, within the grid constraints. This strategy is illustrated on a district level to avoid overloading the distribution network. The consumption profiles of end-users consist of background consumption; some end-users are equipped with a heat pump and/or an electric vehicle, each of which is capable of responding to price variations. The impact of several tariff structures on the stability of the grid is explored. First of all, flat and day/night tariff structures are considered, and it is shown that price variation provokes load synchronization and leads to network overloads. Next, a real-time pricing tariff structure is used. If each end-user optimizes its behaviour to minimize personal costs, the grid is unable to supply all power during peak moments. In conclusion, if power constraints are imposed, the same grid can be stabilized, even if power demands increase by a factor of three or four. In a final example, the impact of imbalance costs is examined. The cluster can be guided to maximize profits for the utility company from the imbalance mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theorie und Paratheorie (1973)

Im Gegensatz zu den wohl sehr kritischen, im Grunde aber doch hoffnungsvollen Theoriediskussionen vor 19601 ist das Bewußtsein, daß die Soziologie als Wissenschaft in eine schwere Krise geraten ist, heute weit verbreitet. Dieses Bewußtsein wird durch nicht wenige Soziologen selbst gefördert - jedoch mehr durch den derivativen Gebrauch der Wissenschaft zum Zwecke der Selbstdarstellung als durch konkrete wissenschaftstheoretische und -historische Untersuchungen. Es mag für die Soziologie als Wissenschaft von Nutzen sein, dieses Krisenbewußtsein zu fördern; sicherlich jedoch nur dann, wenn man auch auf die in der Wissenschaft selbst liegenden Bedingungen eingeht und die »Krise der Soziologie« - nach dem alten Widerspiegelungspostulat - nicht einfach für eine »notwendige« (und daher nicht weiter zu diskutierende) Folge der »Krise der bürgerlich-kapitalistischen Industriegesellschaft« erklärt. Um die wissenschaftstheoretischen und wissenschaftsorganisatorischen Kennzeichen und Bedingungen der Krise soll es hier gehen. Der - nur skizzenhaft ausgeführten - Untersuchung liegt die Uberzeugung zugrunde, daß die Krise vor allem darin besteht, daß die im Laufe der ökonomischen Höherentwicklung und weltweiten politischen und kulturellen Verflechtung zunehmende Komplexität und Ambivalenz der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse in einer in ihren Grundzügen eben doch »pluralistischen« Industriegesellschaft - durch den vorschnellen Rekurs auf vulgär- oder außersoziologischie Erklärungsschemata - konzeptuell überaus stark reduziert und in Begriffen einer vergangenen gesellschaftlichen Epoche fixiert wird.
Adaptive Rate Control with Dynamic FEC for Real-Time DV Streaming (2008)

For higher streaming quality, a data sender adjusts the data transmission rate according to the network condition between the sender and receiver. The sender and the receiver exchange information about the network condition to decide the appropriate transmission rate. However, monitoring each data flow in real time is difficult, and controlling the sender to adjust the best quality for each receiver in a heterogeneous environment is a real challenge. In this paper, we study packet loss patterns and FEC recovery rate upon data transmission in a congested network, and define an adaptive rate control mechanism that dynamically adjusts the transmission rate and the FEC encoding rate. We then show our adaptive DV Transmission System (DVTS) that supports appropriate rate control for provisioning multimedia streaming with the best possible quality, and evaluate the system on top of our testbed network.
Mass Transportation, Apartment Rent and Property Values (1996)

Rent plays a vital role in property valuation because any positive or negative influence on rent will in turn affect a property's value. This paper examines the effect of mass transportation on apartment rent. Specifically, this study investigates the impact on rent and value for residential income properties located in close proximity to Washington, D.C. Metrorail stations. After reviewing the empirical research which has focused on the effect of mass transportation availability on property values, this paper examines the benefits on apartment rent of Washington, D.C. apartment buildings from location near Metrorail stations. Our empirical results show that distance from a metro station has an adverse effect on apartment rent, i.e., each one-tenth mile increase in distance from the station results in a decrease in rent per apartment unit of about 2.50%. This analysis should be of interest to a host of domestic and international market participants including academics who study real estate markets, tax assessors who determine market value, appraisers who make market-derived rent adjustments, and property managers who set apartment rents.
Formation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy: Reversibility of the islanding transition (1997)

We report a study of the dynamics of coherent island formation in InAs/GaAs films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A comparison of the temperature dependence of the critical layer thickness for islanding between the migration-enhanced and the continuous growth modes confirms that surface adatom diffusion and indium desorption are the controlling processes which determine the variation of the measured critical layer thickness with temperature. We find that under conditions in which indium desorption is significant, the islanding transition is reversible, which provides a new way to study the dynamics of the islanding transition. Applying this technique, we find that the size distribution of the three-dimensional islands evolves into a bimodal distribution during the reverse process.
SDxVPN: A software-defined solution for VPN service providers (2016)

BGP/MPLS IP VPN and VPLS services are considered to be widely used in IP/MPLS networks for connecting customers' remote sites. However, service providers struggle with many challenges to provide these services. Management complexity, equipment costs, and last but not least, scalability issues emerging as the customers increase in number, are just some of these problems. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that can solve aforementioned issues using a logically centralized controller for network devices. In this paper, we propose a SDN-based solution called SDxVPN which considerably lowers the complexity of VPN service definition and management. Our method eliminates complex and costly device interactions that used to be done through several control plane protocols and enables customers to determine their service specifications, define restriction policies and even interconnect with other customers automatically without operator's intervention. We describe our prototype implementation of SDxVPN and its scalability evaluations under several representative scenarios. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed solution for deployment to provide large scale VPN services.
Epoxidation of unsaturated fatty esters over large-pore Ti-containing molecular sieves as catalysts: important role of the hydrophobic–hydrophilic properties of the molecular sieve (1997)

M. A. Camblor, A. Corma, P. Esteve, A. Martínez and S. Valencia, Chem. Commun., 1997, 795 DOI: 10.1039/A700448F
Nitrone Ionization Potentials and Cycloaddition Regioselectivities (1977)

In agreement with theoretical predictions, the "normal' preference for formation of 5-substituted isoxazolines in 1,3-dipolar ~~cloadditions of nitrones to substituted alkenes changes to a preference for the 4substituted adduct as the ionization potential of the nitrone decreases, or that of the alkene increases.The exclusive formation of 5-substituted isoxazolidine and isoxazoline adducts in the reactions of both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkenes or alkynes with nitrones was long an unexplained phenomenon.'In 1973, we proposed that nitrones would give "reversed" (4-substituted) adducts with very electrondeficient alkenes and alkynes,3 and this prediction was soon proven experimentally.'We now wish to report that the extent of "reversal" of regioselectivity in cycloadditions of nitrones regularly increases as the nitrone ionization potential (IP)
Stacked patch array in LTCC for 28 GHz antenna-in-package applications (2017)

An antenna array is designed with 2×8 45-degree polarized stacked patches around 28 GHz in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) for the applications of the fifth-generation wireless communication (5G). As demonstrated by the measured reflection coefficient and realized gain response, the bandwidth is broadened when compared with single-patch array. The proposed antenna-in-package (AiP) can operate from 26.3 to 29.8 GHz, with the maximum realized gain of 15.1 dBi, the 3-dB beamwidth of 11° and the estimated efficiency of 55%. Reasonable agreement is achieved between the measured and simulated results. The AiP arrays on LTCC show a promising foreground for 5G high-frequency applications.
Electronic Evidence and Computer Forensics (2003)

Information and communication systems are now breeding grounds for electronic-evidence (e-evidence) in audits, investigations, or litigation. Increasingly organizations are being ordered by law or lawsuit to preserve, retrieve, and hand-over relevant electronic records (e-records) because "the courts are uniformly recognizing the discoverability of electronic communication and documents" [Nimsger and Lange, 2002]. This trend is an outgrowth of aggressive tactics by regulators to ensure corporate accountability and deter fraud. In cases ranging from Securities and Exchange Commission probes of corporate malfeasance and insider trading to employment lawsuits, e-records are subpoenaed. Investigations conducted by the National Association of Security Dealers, Department of Justice, and Department of Homeland Security routinely require companies, their business partners, or third parties to preserve and disclose e-records, including internal e-mail and instant messages (IM). A high-profile example is the probe into alleged White House leaks of a covert CIA agent's identity in which White House employees received e-mail stating: ''You must preserve all materials that might in any way be related to the department's investigation.'' E-mail, telephone logs, and other electronic documents were mentioned specifically. Any communication or file storage device is subject to computer forensic searches to identify, examine, and preserve potential e-evidence--the electronic equivalent of a "smoking gun." Preserving e-records and then restoring them so that they can be searched can seriously disrupt IS and over-burden Information Systems staff. What's more, a preservation order might specify not only the type of e-records (data files or email), but also stipulate that processes that over-write data be suspended, or that backup tapes be retained for unspecified duration. These stipulations are very disruptive to IS operations. That disruption depends largely on whether the company had an e-record management (ERM) system to systemically review, retain, and destroy e-records received or created in the course of business. This article presents an overview of e-evidence and computer forensics and their implications for Information Systems. It aims to encourage research into ERM and fully-indexed, searchable e-mail archives by providing compelling reasons for how these approaches mitigate e-evidence risks and cost. These research issues are important for several reasons. Rarely are IS departments prepared for the challenges that evidentiary rules impose on active and archival data operations. Retaining unessential e-records increases costs and risks. Companies may need to justify their e-record retention and destruction policies as proof of compliance with their accounting, regulatory, or legal obligations. Courts impose severe sanctions on employers who
Sensorless ANN-Based Speed Estimation of Synchronous Generators: Improved Performance through Physically Motivated Pre-filters (2006)

This paper deals with an improved approach for estimation of generator rotor speed in power systems. We propose a hybrid speed estimator, which combines classical approach, based on a mathematical model of the electrical machine, with Al-based approach, implemented by an artificial neural network (ANN). The classical estimation model processes the machine stator voltages and currents and provides intermediary information on the generator speed. The ANN component acts as a function approximator, mapping the intermediary speed components to a more reliable estimation of the generator speed. Multi-layer feedforward ANNs are used for this purpose. Data for training the ANN are obtained through off-line simulations of a generator operating in a two-machine model. After ANN design and training, the performance of the hybrid estimator is tested with simulated on-line measurements in a wide range of operating conditions. Results obtained with the hybrid estimator are compared against those provided by a classical mathematical model-based estimator and an Al-based estimator.
Pharmacological proteasome inhibitors and their therapeutic potential (2000)

AbstractImplication of the proteasome in human cancer, inflammation, autoimmune and other diseases has prompted design, synthesis and evaluation of various pharmacological proteasome inhibitors. In this review, we will summarise the literature related to human cancer cell death induction by proteasome inhibitors, examine the proteasome inhibitor patents published over the past five years and evaluate the potential clinical applications in the use of proteasome inhibitors for treating cancer and other human diseases.KeywordsAlzheimer's diseaseautoimmune diseasebone diseasecancerinflammationmuscle wasting diseaseneurological diseaseParkinson’s disease
Effect of Chitosan on Membrane Permeability of Suspension-Cultured <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> Cells (1982)

Treatment of suspension-cultured Glycine max cv Harosoy 63 cells with soluble chitosan (20-500 micrograms per milliliter) increased membrane permeability as shown by leakage of electrolytes, protein, and UV absorbing material. Severe damage to the cell membrane by chitosan (100 and 500 mug/ml) was also indicated by reduced staining with fluorescein diacetate and the leakage of fluorescein from preloaded cells. Other basic polymers (poly-l-lysine, histone, DEAE-dextran, protamine sulfate, and glycol chitosan) also increased permeability, whereas the basic monomers l-lysine and d-glucosamine, and acidic or neutral polymers were not active. Chitosan-induced leakage was inhibited by divalent cations, the order of effectiveness being Ba(2+) > Ca(2+) > Sr(2+) > Mg(2+). Na polygalacturonate and Na poly-l-aspartate also reduced polycation-induced leakage, probably by formation of polycation-polyanion complexes. A chitosan-polygalacturonate complex precipitated on mixing solutions of the two polymers containing approximately equal numbers of galacturonate and glucosamine residues, but not with either polymer in excess. A similar concentration-dependent precipitation of chitosan by Na poly-l-aspartate was found. Leakage from Phaseolus vulgaris cv Grandessa cells was also induced by chitosan, and was inhibited by Ca(2+) and Na polygalacturonate.
Ferromagnetic resonance in Co-Cr multilayer films (1987)

Magnetic properties of multilayered Co/Cr films have been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and compared to magnetization studies carried out on a SQUID magnetometer. The interesting feature observed in most of the spectra was that along with an intense resonance corresponding to the uniform mode, several weak but well-defined peaks were observed at higher magnetic fields. The angular and temperature variations of the line positions indicates that these are due to cobalt atoms in the interface. In conjunction with static magnetization, the FMR studies of the main resonance lead us to believe that there may be long-range magnetic effects which result in additional anisotropy fields.
Four Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoforms Are Distributed to Golgi and Post-Golgi Compartments and Are Involved in Organelle pH Regulation (2004)

Four isoforms of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE6-NHE9) are distributed to intracellular compartments in human cells. They are localized to Golgi and post-Golgi endocytic compartments as follows: mid- to trans-Golgi, NHE8; trans-Golgi network, NHE7; early recycling endosomes, NHE6; and late recycling endosomes, NHE9. No significant localization of these NHEs was observed in lysosomes. The distribution of these NHEs is not discrete in the cells, and there is partial overlap with other isoforms, suggesting that the intracellular localization of the NHEs is established by the balance of transport in and out of the post-Golgi compartments as the dynamic membrane trafficking. The overexpression of NHE isoforms increased the luminal pH of the compartments in which the protein resided from the mildly acidic pH to the cytosolic pH, suggesting that their in vivo function is to regulate the pH and monovalent cation concentration in these organelles. We propose that the specific NHE isoforms contribute to the maintenance of the unique acidic pH values of the Golgi and post-Golgi compartments in the cell.
Rapid cell search in OFDM-based cellular systems (2005)

Cell search is one of the most important issues in cellular systems. There have been large efforts on the synchronization problem in OFDM systems. However, conventional OFDM-based cellular schemes may have problems in initial timing acquisition and cell identification, requiring a large cell search time. In this paper, we propose a novel three-step cell search scheme using a new preamble for OFDM-based cellular systems. Simulation results show that the proposed cell search scheme can provide fast cell search performance in multi-cell environment, while reducing the computational complexity.
Time-varying carrier offsets in mobile OFDM (2009)

A carrier offset in OFDM system simulation is generally considered to be slowly time-varying, so that, over short simulation periods, it may be considered to be a constant quantity. However, depending on system mobility, carrier frequency, and communication duration, time-varying carrier offsets caused by Doppler effects can be significant in a real physical environment. Few researchers have addressed this in their works. Of those who have addressed this, many present simplified, vague, or inaccurate time-varying carrier offset models. In this paper, we present a more realistic time-varying carrier offset model and present expressions for carrier offset correction that maximize the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). We also provide guidelines for when the application of the time-varying carrier offset model is crucial for correct OFDM system evaluation.
<title>Optical properties of fiber tapers and their impact on the performance of a fiber optically coupled CCD x-ray imaging system</title> (1993)

Optical properties of the fiber taper used in the fiberoptically coupled CCD x-ray imaging system will affect the image quality of the overall system significantly. In this paper, three important characteristics were studied: optical efficiency and its impact on SNR, contrast degradation caused by stray light, and spatial resolution loss (resulting from misalignment in corresponding pixels in cascaded components) when the fiber taper is coupled with another `pixel array' such as a CCD imager.