gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
한국 간장중의 유기산에 대하여 (1967)

Korean soy-sauces were prepared by the ordinary and impreved method and its anal-vies on the organic acid. The results obtained is as following: 1. In analysing general components of prepared soy-sauce, total acid, volatile acid and non-volatile acid were found more in improved soy-sauce than in ordinary soy-sauce. 2. Volatile organic acid were analysed by gas-chromatography method. As a result. the followings was attained: a) In the ordinary soy-sauce, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were detected. Butyric acid was in the highest amount and then propicnic acid, acetic acid and formic acid are followed in the order. b) In the improved soy-sauce, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were detected. Acetic acid was in the highest amount and then propionic acid. butyric acid and formic acid are followed in the order. 3. Non-volatile organic acid were analysed by paper partition chromatography method. As a result the followings were attained: a) Lactic, glutaric, fumaric, malonic, malic, glycoiic, oxaiic, tartaric, and succinic acid and two unknown spots were detected in ordinary soysauce. Lactic acid was in the highest amount and then succinic, glycolic, oxalic, tartaric, glutaric, maiic, fumaric and malonic acid are followed in the order. b) Lactic, glutaric, malonic, malic, glycolic, tartaric, succinic and tgalacturonic acid and two unknown spots were detected in the improved soy-sauce. Lactic acid was in the highest amount and then succinic, glycolic, malic, glutaric, tartaric, galacturonic and malonic acid are followed in the order. 4. α-keto acid were analysed by paper partition chromatography. As a result the followings were attained: Pyruvic acid and a-keto glutaric acid and an unknown spot were detected in the ordinary and improved soy-sauce. Pyruvic acid was in the highest amount and then α-keto glutaric acid are followed in the order. 5. Stale flavor in the ordinary soy-sauces seems to be partly affected by butyric acid and propionic acid. 6. Substances influencing taste. such as lactic acid and succinic acid, were found more in improved soy-sauce than ordinary soy-sauce.
Studies on amylases from Bacillus effective for production of maltose. I. Productions and utilizations of .BETA.-amylase and pullulanase from Bacillus cereus var. mycoides. (1976)

A bacterium which produces both a β-amylase and a pullulanase effective for producing maltose from starch was isolated from soil. The strain was identified to be Bacillus cereus var. mycoides. The optimum conditions for converting starch to maltose with the enzymes were pH 6_??_6.5 and about 50°C. The yield of maltose from starch depended on the degree of liquefaction of starch, and the maximum yield of maltose from starch was about 95%. The culture conditions of the strain for the simultaneous production of the enzymes were also investigated.
P2Y13 Receptor Is Critical for Reverse Cholesterol Transport (2010)

These results establish P2Y(13) as an attractive novel target for modulating RCT and support the emerging view that steady-state plasma HDL levels do not necessarily reflect the capacity of HDL to promote RCT.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Specific Functionalization of Proteins by a Staudinger‐Type Reaction Using Unsymmetrical Phosphites. (2010)

Abstract Unsymmetrical phosphites (II) and (V) react chemoselectively in a Staudinger reaction with p‐azido‐phenylalanine, which can be applied for the biotinylation of proteins, to afford the phosphoramidates (III) and (VI), respectively.
Integrated lithium niobate photonics (2020)

Abstract Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) on insulator (LNOI) is a promising material platform for integrated photonics due to single crystal LiNbO 3 film’s wide transparent window, high refractive index, and high second‐order nonlinearity. Based on LNOI, the fast‐developing ridge‐waveguide fabrication techniques enabled various structures, devices, systems, and applications. We review the basic structures including waveguides, cavities, periodically poled LiNbO 3 , and couplers, along with their fabrication methods and optical properties. Treating those basic structures as building blocks, we review several integrated devices including electro‐optic modulators, nonlinear optical devices, and optical frequency combs with each device’s operating mechanism, design principle and methodology, and performance metrics. Starting from these integrated devices, we review how integrated LNOI devices boost the performance of LiNbO 3 ’s traditional applications in optical communications and data center, integrated microwave photonics, and quantum optics. Beyond those traditional applications, we also review integrated LNOI devices’ novel applications in metrology including ranging system and frequency comb spectroscopy. Finally, we envision integrated LNOI photonics’ potential in revolutionizing nonlinear and quantum optics, optical computing and signal processing, and devices in ultraviolet, visible, and mid‐infrared regimes. Beyond this outlook, we discuss the challenges in integrated LNOI photonics and the potential solutions.
The Use of Head-and-Torso Models for Improved Spatial Sound Synthesis (2002)

Author(s): Algazi, Ralph; Duda, Richard O; Thompson, Dennis M. | Abstract: This paper concerns the use of a simple head-and-torso model to correct deficiencies in the low-frequency behavior of experimentally measured head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). This so-called \snowman'' model consists of a spherical head located above a spherical torso. In addition to providing improved low- frequency response for music reproduction, the model provides the major low-frequency localization cues, including cues for low-elevation as well as high-elevation sources. The model HRTF and the measured HRTF can be easily combined by using the phase response of the model at all frequencies and by \cross-fading'' between the dB magnitude responses of the model and the measurements. For e+-cient implementation, the exact snowman HRTF is approximated by two time delays and two first-order IIR filters. Because the poles are independent of the location of the virtual source, this supports a simple real-time implementation that allows for arbitrarily rapid head and source motion.
Sweet sorghum breeding line evaluations, 1981-82 (1983)

Brief paper describing research "to measure the agronomic performance of selected sweet sorghum breeding lines and cultivars for yield of millable stalks and sugar as well as juice quality." (p. 2)
Over slapende reuzen en wakkere dwergen: de geografie van het Nederlandse betaalde voetbal (2006)

Onderzoek naar verzorgingsgebieden kent een lange traditie binnen de geografie. Winkels, schouwburgen, ziekenhuizen: geografen en planologen praten graag mee over wat waar moet komen, kan worden samengevoegd of worden opgeheven. Maar wat heeft geografie met voetbal te maken?
A Weighted Majority Voting Ensemble Approach for Classification (2019)

Ensemble learning combines a series of base classifiers and the final result is assigned to the corresponding class by using a majority voting mechanism. However, the base classifiers in the ensemble cannot perform equally well. Therefore, the base classifiers should be assigned different weights in order to increase classification performance. In this study, a novel Weighted Majority Voting Ensemble (WMVE) approach is proposed, which evaluates individual performances of each classifier in the ensemble and adjusts their contributions to class decision. In the proposed weight adjustment model, only reward mechanism is provided, so punishment is not included. Classifiers that correctly classify observations which are not correctly classified by most of the classifiers gain more weights in the ensemble. In the experimental studies, increasing value of weight was calculated for each classifier in a heterogeneous collection of classification algorithms, including C4.5 decision tree, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, k-star, and naive Bayes. The proposed method (WMVE) was compared with the Simple Majority Voting Ensemble (SMVE) approach in terms of classification accuracy on 28 benchmark datasets. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the experimental results.
Classification based on mutations of<i>TERT</i>promoter and<i>IDH</i>characterizes subtypes in grade II/III gliomas (2016)

Our results showed that TERTp-mut combined with IDH-mut allowed simple classification of grade II/III gliomas for stratifying patients and clarifying diagnostic accuracy by supplementing standard histopathological criteria.
Association of partial adherence (PA) to antiretroviral therapy with hospitalizations and healthcare costs in an HIV population (2012)

Purpose One intrinsic feature of once daily single tablet regimens (STR) in HIV treatment is to prevent missing part of a multi‐drug regimen (i.e., partial adherence [PA]). We explored the frequency of PA among HIV patients (pts) treated with multi‐pill protease inhibitor (PI), raltegravir (RAL), and non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regimens and associations with hospitalizations and costs. Methods We analyzed healthcare claims from a US Medicaid population. Patients with an HIV diagnosis from 1/09 to 12/11 receiving complete ART (2 NRTIs plus a NNRTI, PI, or RAL) for ≥90 days as a STR or 2+ tablets daily were selected. Adherence and costs were observed from initiation until discontinuation of the entire regimen, switching third component classes, or database end. Adherence was reported as the percent of days (from pharmacy refill data) having a complete regimen, PA, or no medication. A logistic model assessed predictors of hospitalizations and a generalized linear model assessed healthcare costs with covariates for PA and complete non‐adherence (CNA), third component, demographics, and prior ART use. Results N=1,878 STR, 729 RAL, 3,556 PI, and 775 NNRTI pts. CNA was similar across cohorts: 14.3% (46.4 days[d]) for STR, 14.0% (40.8 d) for RAL, 15.5% (53.0 d) for PI, and 13.5% (51.7 d) for multi pill NNRTI regimens. PA was seen in 12.1% (39.7 d) for RAL, 6.9% (31.7 d) for NNRTI, and 6.6% (26.7 d) for PI regimens. Thus, pts on STR had the highest percent of days (85.7%) with complete adherence to their regimen, vs. pts on multi pill RAL (73.9%), PI (77.9%), and NNRTI (79.6%) regimens. Likelihood of hospitalization significantly increased with both PA and CNA. Compared to <10 days of PA, the risk of hospitalization significantly increased (all p<0.05) with degree of incomplete adherence. For 20–30 days, the odds ratio [OR] was 1.34 for PA, and 1.45 for CNA. The OR was 1.74 for PA and 2.00 for >50 days CNA. Adjusted monthly healthcare costs were significantly greater for patients who were partially adherent for >5% of days (mean [SD] $5,108 [$1,315]) vs. ≤5% of days ($3,602[$894]). Conclusions Patients on multi pill PI, RAL, and NNRTI regimens had significantly lower complete adherence vs. STR users, mainly due to PA to a multi‐pill regimens. PA and CNA to multi‐pill PI, RAL, and NNRTI regimens are independently associated with a significant increase in hospitalizations and healthcare cost.
Development of 99mTc-neomannosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-MSA) as a novel receptor binding agent for sentinel lymph node imaging (2004)

We have successfully developed a novel 99mTc-MSA for lymphoscintigraphy. The results of animal studies show that 99mTc-MSA has promising properties for SLN imaging.
A novel adaptive algorithm for spatial interpolation (2011)

The spatial distributions of soil heavy metals are not continuous with landscape heterogeneity. In the context, the existing spatial interpolation methods cannot obtain accurate estimation of contents of soil heavy metals in unknown locations. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive algorithm for spatial interpolation of soil heavy metals under spatial heterogeneity background. The core idea of our algorithm is to impose a constraint on spatial interpolation, which spatial estimation of soil heavy metals is processed in the context of spatial homogeneity. Our algorithm consists of extracting land patches, polygon merging, minimum unit partitioning and interpolation operator. The experimental results on real soil data show that the performance of our algorithm is more reliable than ordinary kriging method.
Specific contribution of different phospholipid surfaces to the activation of prothrombin by the fully assembled prothrombinase. (1993)

This paper addresses, in thermodynamic and kinetic terms, the reasons for the acidic lipid specificity of the human prothrombinase complex. We obtained, from the measured lipid titrations of the initial rates of prothrombin activation, the empirical binding constants for prothrombinase assembly on different membranes. These favored assembly on phosphatidylserine (PS)- as opposed to phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-containing membranes. In addition, we have used full time courses of prothrombin activation, in conjunction with a calculation of the equilibrium distribution of factor Xa between four enzymatic forms, to obtain the intrinsic kinetic constants of the prothrombinase assembled on PS- or PG-containing membranes. The resulting values of kcat, Km, and kcat/Km increased as acidic lipid content increased, and kcat/Km reached a plateau at 12 mol % PS and 50 mol % PG. Using the measured assembly and kinetic constants, the observed shapes of the phospholipid titration curves of human prothrombin activation were interpreted. We conclude that the difference in activity of prothrombinase assembled on PS- versus PG-containing membranes results both from the different binding properties of factors Xa and Va to these surfaces and from the different intrinsic activities of the prothrombinase when assembled on different membranes.
3. The Neutral Alternative (1980)

3.1. Evolution in the absence of selection. Models like those described in the last chapter show that there is no necessary conflict between selection and diversity. Selective pressure alone can maintain a balanced polymorphism when heterozygotes are sufficiently favourable, and even when the selective effects are such as to reduce diversity, these can come into balance with the opposite tendency of mutation.
Better Preservation of Peritoneal Morphologic Features and Defense in Rats after Long-Term Exposure to a Bicarbonate/Lactate-Buffered Solution (2001)

The long-term effects of a standard lactate-buffered dialysis fluid and a new, two-chamber, bicarbonate/lactate-buffered dialysis fluid (with fewer glucose degradation products and a neutral pH) were compared in an in vivo peritoneal exposure model. Rats were given daily injections, via an access port, of 10 ml of standard solution or bicarbonate/lactate-buffered solution for 9 to 10 wk. The omentum, peritoneum, and mesothelial cell layer were screened for morphologic changes. In addition, the bacterial clearing capacity of the peritoneal cells was studied. Significantly more milky spots and blood vessels were observed in the omenta of animals treated with standard solution (P < 0.03 for both parameters). Electron-microscopic analysis demonstrated dramatic changes in the appearance of the vascular endothelial cells of the milky spots and a severely damaged or even absent mesothelium on the peritoneal membrane of the standard solution-treated animals. In contrast, the mesothelium was still present in the bicarbonate/lactate-buffered solution group, although the cells lost microvilli. Both peritoneal dialysis fluids significantly increased the density of mesothelial cells (per square millimeter) on the surface of the liver and the thickness of the submesothelial extracellular matrix of the peritoneum (both P < 0.04 for both fluids versus control). A significantly better ex vivo bacterial clearing capacity was observed with peritoneal cells from the bicarbonate/lactate-buffered solution group, compared with the standard solution group (P < 0.05 in both experiments). These results demonstrate that instillation of bicarbonate/lactate-buffered solution into rats for 9 to 10 wk preserves both morphologic and immune parameters much more effectively, compared with standard solution. These findings may be of considerable clinical importance.
Radio-activity of uranium (1900)

Abstract 1. The researches of M. Henri Becquerel have shown that compounds of uranium possess the property now called “radio-activity”; that is, rays emitted by them affect a sensitive photographic plate through bodies usually considered opaque to light; they discharge an electrometer when brought near it; and they are deflected by a magnet. These rays are now called “Becquerel rays,” or “uranic rays.”
Type 1 Diabetes Islet Autoantibody Markers (2002)

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes versus other forms of diabetes such as type 2 diabetes is paramount to guiding proper therapy. Several islet autoantibodies have been identified that serve to diagnose immune-mediated, type 1a diabetes in clinically ambiguous cases. These autoantibodies also serve to predict type 1 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. The most useful islet autoantibodies include islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, and insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibodies. Once type 1 diabetes can be safely and reliably prevented, large-scale islet autoantibody screening programs of the general pediatric population may be warranted. It is controversial whether islet autoantibodies influence the course of type 1 diabetes following diagnosis.
Distributed discrete power control for bursty transmissions over wireless data networks (2004)

Distributed power control is an important issue in wireless networks. Recently, due to the bursty nature of data communication, packet switching is used in cellular systems. In addition, majority of previous power control algorithm assume that the transmitter power level can take values in a continuous domain. However, recent trends such as the GSM standard and QUALCOMM's proposal to the IS-95 standard use a finite number of discretized power levels. These motivate the need to investigate solutions for distributed discrete power control for bursty transmission. Therefore, we propose a probabilistic power adaptation algorithm and analyze its theoretical properties along with the numerical behavior for bursty transmission. We approximate the discrete power control iterations by an equivalent ordinary differential equation (ODE) to prove that the proposed stochastic learning power control algorithm converges to a stable Nash equilibrium. Conditions when more than one stable Nash equilibrium may exist are also studied. Experimental results are presented for several cases and the impact of data burstiness on the proposed algorithm is also concerned.
Design and implementation of an integrated CAD/CAPP system based on PDM (2002)

Product data management (PDM) is a new technique that is developed from database management system (DBMS) to manage the information and the associated procedure of a product. Many design engineers have employed PDM tools to coordinate and control access to documented versions of product designs. But it is still a focus of research efforts in industry and academic how to further build an efficient and effective integrated product/process development environments (IPDEs) based on PDM to meet requirements of enterprises. This paper introduces the approach to design and implementation of an integrated CAD/CAPP system (IC2S) based on PDM. This system is an important compent of computer integrated manufacturing system in KELON Inc(Kelon-CIMS). It is mainly used to support for the design and development of the home electric appliances (HEA).
Frequency-Selective Channel State Feedback in Multiuser MIMO Downlink (2012)

In this paper we derive a novel method for encoding the MIMO channel state information (CSI) for frequency selective channels and limited feedback. The technique is based on the decomposition of the directional information of a MIMO channel in a two-coordinate system formed by the tangent space of a Grassmann manifold and the tangent space of a unitary group. The first component provides a non-redundant description of the subspace spanned by a set of channel eigenvectors, while the second component provides a non-redundant addendum of information to identify the strongest channel vector directions within that subspace. One advantage of this feedback representation is that it allows to exploit the correlation of MIMO channels by applying standard source coding techniques to the two coordinate components. We also provide simulation results of an LTE downlink system, which show that the proposed CSI feedback description offers dramatic throughput improvement over the existing feedback scheme for MU-MIMO transmission.
Ultrasonic fat fraction quantification using <i>in vivo</i> adaptive sound speed estimation (2018)

The non-invasive quantification of human tissue fat fraction using easily scalable and accessible imaging technologies is crucial for the diagnosis of many diseases including liver steatosis. Here, we propose a non-invasive quantification of fat content using a highly accessible ultrasonic imaging technology. Ultrasonic echoes backscattered from human liver tissues are recombined to synthetize echoes of a virtual point-like reflector within the organs. This virtual point-like reflector is an ultrasonic analogue of artificial stars generated by laser beams in the field of astronomy, which are used to estimate the aberrations induced in the propagation medium. Here, the ultrasonic echoes from the point-like reflector provide an estimate of the Green's function relating the ultrasonic array and the reflector location and consequently represent a measurement of the aberrations induced along the ultrasonic beam travel path. Maximizing the spatial coherence of echoes backscattered from this targeted region provides an estimate of the acoustic sound speed while iteratively making the reflector more echogenic. The acoustic sound speed is dependent of the organ fat content, and we derive and cross-validate a theoretical equation relating acoustic sound speed and fat content both in phantom experiments and humans. An ultrasound-based fat fraction was found to be highly correlated with the oil paraffin concentration (R <sup>2</sup> = 0.985) in phantoms and well correlated with the gold standard magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements (R <sup>2</sup> = 0.73) in patients.
A taxonomy of parallel sorting (1984)

We propose a taxonomy of parallel sorting that encompasses a broad range of array-and file-sorting algorithms. We analyze how research on parallel sorting has evolved, from the earliest sorting networks to shared memory algorithms and VLSI sorters.