gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ditches provide efficient treatment (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDitches provide efficient treatmentJerry Burchinal and Charles JenkinsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1969, 3, 11, 1170–1173Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online12 August 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/es60034a600RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (556 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Beyond cognitive deficit: the everyday lived experience of dyslexic students at university (2016)

This study explores the lived experiences of three dyslexic university students as they negotiate a number of different learning spaces within their higher education institution. The students completed reflective diaries for a period of three weeks and were subsequently interviewed about the experiences they recorded. The transcribed data from the diaries and interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The following four themes were constructed following analysis: getting things out of my head; holding back – performance as risk; ever-present inner voices – effort of constant self-monitoring; and not belonging in academic spaces – metaphors of misfit. This study argues that attention to the everyday experiences of students with the dyslexia label is as important as knowledge of cognitive differences in the drive to create a more equitable learning environment in higher education.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins A and B and some applications (1984)

Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for detection of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins A and B (ETA and ETB) with a double-antibody sandwich protocol. Antibodies against both toxins were purified by affinity chromatography from sheep antisera raised against purified ETA and ETB. These affinity-purified antibodies were free of detectable amounts of antibodies to other staphylococcal antigens and neutralized the actions of ETA and ETB. Alkaline phosphatase was conjugated to these antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which could detect at least 3 ng of ETA and ETB per ml, was used to quantitate the toxins in the culture supernatant fluids of staphylococcal strains. Thus, the kinetics of ETA and ETB synthesis and of ETA and ETB release into the supernatant fluids were determined; other determinations included the roles of carbon dioxide concentration, pH, glucose concentration, temperature, and agitation on the production of ETA and ETB.
Aquaporin-4–dependent K+ and water transport modeled in brain extracellular space following neuroexcitation (2012)

Potassium (K(+)) ions released into brain extracellular space (ECS) during neuroexcitation are efficiently taken up by astrocytes. Deletion of astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in mice alters neuroexcitation by reducing ECS [K(+)] accumulation and slowing K(+) reuptake. These effects could involve AQP4-dependent: (a) K(+) permeability, (b) resting ECS volume, (c) ECS contraction during K(+) reuptake, and (d) diffusion-limited water/K(+) transport coupling. To investigate the role of these mechanisms, we compared experimental data to predictions of a model of K(+) and water uptake into astrocytes after neuronal release of K(+) into the ECS. The model computed the kinetics of ECS [K(+)] and volume, with input parameters including initial ECS volume, astrocyte K(+) conductance and water permeability, and diffusion in astrocyte cytoplasm. Numerical methods were developed to compute transport and diffusion for a nonstationary astrocyte-ECS interface. The modeling showed that mechanisms b-d, together, can predict experimentally observed impairment in K(+) reuptake from the ECS in AQP4 deficiency, as well as altered K(+) accumulation in the ECS after neuroexcitation, provided that astrocyte water permeability is sufficiently reduced in AQP4 deficiency and that solute diffusion in astrocyte cytoplasm is sufficiently low. The modeling thus provides a potential explanation for AQP4-dependent K(+)/water coupling in the ECS without requiring AQP4-dependent astrocyte K(+) permeability. Our model links the physical and ion/water transport properties of brain cells with the dynamics of neuroexcitation, and supports the conclusion that reduced AQP4-dependent water transport is responsible for defective neuroexcitation in AQP4 deficiency.
On the Formation, Size and Stability of Emulsion Particles. I. A New Method of Emulsification. (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Formation, Size and Stability of Emulsion Particles. I. A New Method of Emulsification.C. G. SumnerC. G. SumnerMore by C. G. SumnerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1933, 37, 3, 279–302Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/j150345a002Request reuse permissions Article Views243Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of a two-mask resolution enhancement technique (1998)

We have evaluated the performance of an optical projection lithography camera employing a two-mask resolution enhancement technique proposed by Matsumoto et al. [K. Matsumoto et al., Proc. SPIE 2197, 844 (1994)] and Kamon et al. [K. Kamon et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 33, 6848 (1994)] in 1994 that automatically provides a different illumination for every feature on the reticle. Our simulations show that such a system can provide better imaging performance than a system that employs ordinary quadrupole illumination and can enhance the depth of focus by more than 50% in specific cases.
Practical considerations in optimal flight management computations (1986)

The relationships between cost index, speed, flight time, fuel burn, and wind are investigated via simulations of flight of a DC-10 aircraft, as controlled by a flight management computer system (FMCS), over a representative 1000 NM flight plan. In this context, a two-part procedure is described for achieving minimum total flight cost; that is, direct operating cost plus arrival error cost. First the optimum cost index and the associated optimum arrival time (which sometimes turns out to be the scheduled arrival time) are sought. A simple method for fine tuning the speed to achieve the desired arrival time is then described. The methods are practical to incorporate in the FMCS.
Boron-Filled Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

A unique nanoheterostructure, a boron-filled hybrid carbon nanotube (BHCNT), has been synthesized using a one-step chemical vapor deposition process. The BHCNTs can be considered to be a novel form of boron carbide consisting of boron doped, distorted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating boron nanowires. These MWCNTs were found to be insulating in spite of their graphitic layered outer structures. While conventional MWCNTs have great axial strength, they have weak radial compressive strength, and do not bond well to one another or to other materials. In contrast, BHCNTs are shown to be up to 31% stiffer and 233% stronger than conventional MWCNTs in radial compression and have excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The corrugated surface of BHCNTs enables them to bond easily to themselves and other materials, in contrast to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). BHCNTs can, therefore, be used to make nanocomposites, nanopaper sheets, and bundles that are stronger than those made with CNTs.
Activation of Human Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages by a Synthetic Peptide of C-Reactive Protein (1993)

We have previously shown that native human C-reactive protein (CRP) produces antitumor effects in experimental animals, and that these effects are mediated primarily through macrophages. More recently, we have observed that RS-83277, a synthetic peptide derived from CRP, appears to mimic the antitumor effects of native CRP. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of RS-83277 on normal human monocyte and alveolar macrophage tumoricidal activity, and cytokine secretion. At optimal doses of 250-500 micrograms/ml, RS-83277 significantly enhanced tumoricidal activity of both monocytes and macrophages. RS-83287, a CRP peptide derived from a different site, had no effect at these doses. Specificity of RS-83277 for monocyte/macrophage-mediated cytotoxic activity was demonstrated by the failure of RS-83277 to enhance either natural killer (NK) or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-mediated activity. RS-83277 also augmented secretion of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by monocytes. These data suggest a role for synthetic CRP peptide, RS-83277, as a novel biological response modifier in cancer therapy.
Electrical plug and outlet for the DC distribution system in buildings (2008)

This paper analyses the characteristics of electrical plug and outlet in the DC distribution system. The circuit for a simulation of both plug and outlet in PSpice is given. The interest of using DC voltage in a building becomes more increasing. The plug and outlet are necessary parts to make the implementation of DC voltage system in a commercial building. The plug and outlet can be modeled as the double-pole single-throw switch. The normal snubber protection circuit cannot be used because of the isolation of the plug and outlet when they are disconnected. A solution has been proposed as a simple idea to reduce electrical spark when the plug and outlet are isolated from each other. The concept is modified version of the RCD snubber. The electrical spark is eliminated but the voltage rise at the outlet still exists. This high voltage happens in the short period and has only a small effect on the DC bus. This ripple in the DC bus should be acceptable by treating it as the voltage tolerance in the distribution system.
Prediction of noise reduction effect of ferrite beads on electromagnetic emission from a digital PCB (2002)

To reduce power supply noise such as power bounce and GND bounce, ferrite beads are usually inserted between the power supply and V/sub cc/ terminal of an IC by trial and error. An analytical approach on noise reduction effect of ferrite beads has not been established yet, referring to the catalog data on ferrite beads. In this paper, the noise reduction effect of ferrite beads on electromagnetic interference (EMI) is analytically discussed. Resonance characteristics of a digital circuit with ferrite beads are calculated and noise reduction effects are predicted in this paper. Near field EMI spectra are predicted and are compared with measured results. With respect to peak level of EMI spectra, predicted results coincide with measured results within an error of 4 dB.
Polarization-inverted multilayered pure shear mode AlN film resonator (2011)

c-axis parallel AlN film is suitable for pure shear mode devices. Polarization-inverted multilayered structure can excite high order mode resonance. The film thickness of high order mode resonator is thicker than that of fundamental mode resonator in same operating frequency. Therefore, the multilayered resonator is expected to have high power handling capability. c-axis parallel polarization-inverted multilayered AlN films were fabricated by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). caxis parallel orientation was formed under the 3 kV accelerated ion beam irradiation. Shear mode resonator was prepared to investigate piezoelectric properties of the film. Only pure shear wave without any longitudinal wave was excited in the resonators. k15 was determined to be 0.05 and this value is 71 % of the single crystalline AlN. We considered that in-plane crystal growth direction should to be determined by the ion beam irradiation direction. c-axis parallel multilayer AlN film was fabricated by inverting in-plane beam irradiation direction. High order mode resonance was observed in the resonators, showing that polarization was inverted in the multilayer AlN films.
Clinical Assessment (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: History-taking Physical examination The mental state Psychometric assessment Special and ancillary investigations Appendix References
Hardware-assisted simulated annealing with application for fast FPGA placement (2003)

To truly exploit FPGAs for rapid turn-around development and prototyping, placement times must be reduced to seconds; late-bound, reconfigurable computing applications may demand placement times as short as microseconds. In this paper, we show how a systolic structure can accelerate placement by assigning one processing element to each possible location for an FPGA LUT from a design netlist. We demonstrate that our technique approaches the same quality point as traditional simulated annealing as measured by a simple linear wirelength metric. Experimental results look ahead to compare quality against VPR's fast placer when considering the minimum channel width required to route as the primary optimization criteria. Preliminary results from an FPGA implementation show the feasibility of accelerating simulated annealing by three orders of magnitude using this approach. This means we can place the largest design in the University of Toronto's "FPGA Placement and Routing Challenge" in around 4ms.
Adaptive linear prediction for block-based lossy image coding (2009)

Linear prediction model has been well investigated and applied in lossless image and video coding. In this paper, we investigate the linear prediction method for block-based lossy image coding and propose a method that merges linear prediction technique into H.264/AVC video coding framework. A block-based linear prediction method is designed instead of pixel-based one in order to cooperate with transform module. Furthermore, line-based linear prediction with 1D transform is developed by considering coding gain tradeoff between prediction and transform. Linear prediction model coefficients are derived by using neighboring reconstructed data with least square error method. The model coefficients implicitly embed the local texture characteristics and no bits overhead is needed for signaling the coefficients since we can derive them with same process at decoder side. We insert block-based and line-based linear prediction modes into H.264/AVC as additional intra prediction modes and select the best mode by minimum rate-distortion sense. Experimental results show that the proposed technique improves coding efficiency of H.264/AVC intra picture with average 4.3% bit saving and up to 7.0% bit saving.
Low Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure CVD Using Hexamethyldisiloxane and Ozone (1992)

Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), a new organic silicon source, was studied for use in depositing high quality nondoped silicon dioxide for very large scale integrated device fabrication. The high vapor pressure, 20 mm Hg at 13°C, makes it easier to use than other conventional sources, such as tetraethyorthosilicate (TEOS). A deposition rate of 0.1 μm/min at 400°C with 2–6% ozone was obtained making it suitable for production oxide applications. Step coverage was found to be excellent and varied from conformal to 'flow'‐shaped with a 40 degree step angle. The deposition rate obtained on thermal oxide was poor relative to bare silicon, but this can be overcome through the use of a two‐step deposition method or a surface modification pre‐treatment. Film quality improved with increasing deposition temperature as indicated by a decrease in the etch rate and film shrinkage. The stress of the as‐deposited film was moderate at (tensile), when deposited at 0.1 μm/min at 400°C using 4% ozone. These deposition conditions also yielded an excellent crack limit of 2 μm. The deposition rate, etch rate, and film shrinkage did not show the same strong dependence on ozone concentration encountered with chemistry. The excellent film properties along with the greater ease of use afforded by the higher vapor pressure indicate that is a superior chemistry for the deposition of both interlevel and intermetal dielectrics.
DSP based enhanced data acquisition system. (1995)

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) based Enhanced Data Acquisition System for Electrocardiography/Verctorcardiography (ECG/VCG) has been developed. The system is based on Texas Instrument's TMS320C25 Digital Signal Processor which has the capability of executing 5 Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) at peak speed. This processor provides the necessary requirements of parallel processing, instruction pipelining, execution of multiple instructions in a single clock cycle for real time data acquisition and analysis of Bio Signals. The present work describes the enhanced data acquisition system using DSP chip along with its peripherals.
Molecular modeling of surfactant covered oil-water interfaces: Dynamics, microstructure, and barrier for mass transport (2008)

Mass transport across surfactant-covered oil-water interfaces of microemulsions plays an important role in numerous applications. In the current work, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate model systems containing flat hexadecane-water interfaces covered by monolayers of nonionic surfactants of various lengths. Several properties of the surfactant monolayers relevant to the mass transport are considered, including the monolayer microstructure, dynamics, and a free energy barrier to the solute transport. It is observed that the dominant contribution of a surfactant monolayer to the free energy barrier is a steric repulsion caused by a local density increase inside the monolayer. The local densities, and hence the free energy barriers, are larger for monolayers composed of longer surfactants. Since it is likely that the solute transport mechanism involves a sequence of jumps between short-lived pores within a monolayer, we perform a detailed analysis of structure, size, and lifetime of these pores. We demonstrate that the pore statistics is consistent with predictions of percolation theory and apply this theory to identify the characteristic length scale of the monolayer microstructure. The obtained pore structures are sensitive to minute changes of surfactant configurations occurring on the picosecond time scale. To reduce this sensitivity, the pores are averaged over short time intervals. The optimal duration of these time intervals is estimated from analysis of dynamics of pores with diameters comparable to or exceeding the characteristic percolation length scale. The developed approach allows one to filter out transient events of the pore dynamics and to focus on events leading to substantial changes of the monolayer microstructure.
SenseLearner: Minimally Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation for All Words in Open Text (2004)

This paper introduces SENSELEARNER – a minimally supervised sense tagger that attempts to disambiguate all content words in a text using the senses from WordNet. SENSELEARNER participated in the SENSEVAL-3 English all words task, and achieved an average accuracy of 64.6%. 1
Versatile stacked ARROW crossconnect forthree-dimensional optical interconnects (1995)

A versatile design for the vertical coupling between stacked ARROW-B waveguides is proposed and demonstrated. This structure uses a crossing configuration and has large tolerance against the lateral offset of the stacked waveguides. Over 90% coupling efficiencies for both TE and TM polarisations have been achieved.
Discretization Error Analysis and Adaptive Meshing Algorithms for Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography: Part I (2010)

For imaging problems in which numerical solutions need to be computed for both the inverse and the underlying forward problems, discretization can be a major factor that determines the accuracy of imaging. In this work, we analyze the effect of discretization on the accuracy of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. We model the forward problem by a pair of diffusion equations at the excitation and emission wavelengths and consider a finite element discretization method for the numerical solution of the forward problem. For the inverse problem, we use an optimization framework which allows incorporation of a priori information in the form of zeroth- and first-order Tikhonov regularization terms. Next, we convert the inverse problem into a variational problem and use Galerkin projection to discretize the inverse problem. Following the discretization, we analyze the error in reconstructed images due to the discretization of the forward and inverse problems and present two theorems which point out the factors that may lead to high error such as the mutual dependence of the forward and inverse problems, the number of sources and detectors, their configuration and their positions with respect to fluorophore concentration, and the formulation of the inverse problem. Finally, we demonstrate the results and implications of our error analysis by numerical experiments. In the second part of the paper, we apply our results to design novel adaptive discretization algorithms.
Multilevel Modeling: Current and Future Applications in Personality Research (2010)

Traditional statistical analyses can be compromised when data are collected from groups or multiple observations are collected from individuals. We present an introduction to multilevel models designed to address dependency in data. We review current use of multilevel modeling in 3 personality journals showing use concentrated in the 2 areas of experience sampling and longitudinal growth. Using an empirical example, we illustrate specification and interpretation of the results of series of models as predictor variables are introduced at Levels 1 and 2. Attention is given to possible trends and cycles in longitudinal data and to different forms of centering. We consider issues that may arise in estimation, model comparison, model evaluation, and data evaluation (outliers), highlighting similarities to and differences from standard regression approaches. Finally, we consider newer developments, including 3-level models, cross-classified models, nonstandard (limited) dependent variables, multilevel structural equation modeling, and nonlinear growth. Multilevel approaches both address traditional problems of dependency in data and provide personality researchers with the opportunity to ask new questions of their data.