gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive unit norm filter with applications to signal analysis and Karhunen-Loeve transformations (1990)

An adaptive unit norm filter based on planar rotators, which offers a simpler implementation and better sensitivity properties than the transversal filter version, is proposed. By connecting the filter structure with the Schur eigenvalue deflation procedure, a triangular array is developed that adaptively estimates all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the input signal autocorrelation matrix; the converged triangular array thus realizes the Karhunen-Loeve transformation of the input signal. The signal operations are all orthogonal, resulting in robust numerical behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neutron yields and angular distributions produced in antiproton annihilation at rest in uranium (1992)

Measurements of neutron yields and their angular distributions in coincidence with fission fragments produced in antiproton annihilation at rest in a natural uranium target have been carried out Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) at CERN. A total of 16.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 neutrons per annihilation have been found, distributed among direct knockout (27%), evaporation (21%), and fission (52%) processes. Angular distributions show that neutrons below approximately 5 MeV result entirely from moving fission fragments, and above approximately 12 MeV entirely from the excited, prescission nucleus. An estimate of the angular momentum of the excited fission fragment gives \ensuremath{\sim}13\ensuremath{\Elzxh}. We are able to account for all baryons produced in annihilation, including neutrons from this experiment and light charged nuclei found in another LEAR experiment, to within 4.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 of the initial 237 units in the initial state.
A Technique for Contact Lens Fixation During Vitreous Surgery (1996)

The authors describe a technique for contact lens fixation during vitreous surgery. A contact lens support ring was designed that requires only a single suture for fixation and provides improved stability and centering of a sutured fundus contact lens. These features save time and allow concentration on the surgical goals rather than on the contact lens.
Work Function Measurement of Lanthanum - Boron Compounds (1978)

The La-B system was studied between LaB4.24 and LaB29.2, and between 1400 and 2100 K to determine the phase relationship, the chemical activity of the components, the vaporization rate and the vapor composition. A blue colored phase near LaB9 was found to exist between purple colored LaB6 and elemental boron. Diffusion is so much slower than vaporization that large composition differences can exist between the surface and the interior which, nevertheless, produce a steady state loss rate from freely vaporizing material. The flux at 1700 K is 6 × 10-10 g/cm2-sec for LaB4 + LaB6 and 7 × 10-11 g/cm2-sec for LaB6 + LaB9. There is an activation energy which lowers the vaporization rate of boron from LaB6. Freely vaporizing material will have a steady state surface composition between LaB6.04 and LaB6.07, depending on temperaure, purity and interior composition. The free energy of formation of LaB6 is (0.071T-351) kJ/mole between 1700 K and 2100 K.
Hormone Selectivity in Thyroid Hormone Receptors (2001)

Separate genes encode thyroid hormone receptor subtypes TRα (NR1A1) and TRβ (NR1A2). Products from each of these contribute to hormone action, but the subtypes differ in tissue distribution and physiological response. Compounds that discriminate between these subtypes in vivo may be useful in treating important medical problems such as obesity and hypercholesterolemia. We previously determined the crystal structure of the rat (r) TRα ligand-binding domain (LBD). In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of the rTRα LBD in a complex with an additional ligand, Triac (3,5, 3′-triiodothyroacetic acid), and two crystal structures of the human (h) TRβ receptor LBD in a complex with either Triac or a TRβ-selective compound, GC-1[ 3,5-dimethyl-4-(4′-hydroy-3′-isopropylbenzyl)-phenoxy acetic acid]. The rTRα and hTRβ LBDs show close structural similarity. However, the hTRβ structures extend into the DNA-binding domain and allow definition of a structural "hinge" region of only three amino acids. The two TR subtypes differ in the loop between helices 1 and 3, which could affect both ligand recognition and the effects of ligand in binding coactivators and corepressors. The two subtypes also differ in a single amino acid residue in the hormone-binding pocket, Asn (TRβ) for Ser (TRα). Studies here with TRs in which the subtype-specific residue is exchanged suggest that most of the selectivity in binding derives from this amino acid difference. The flexibility of the polar region in the TRβ receptor, combined with differential recognition of the chemical group at the 1-carbon position, seems to stabilize the complex with GC-1 and contribute to its β-selectivity. These results suggest a strategy for development of subtype-specific compounds involving modifications of the ligand at the 1-position.
M1 and M4 Receptors Modulate Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons (2010)

Acetylcholine (ACh), acting at muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs), modulates the excitability and synaptic connectivity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. CA1 pyramidal neurons respond to transient ("phasic") mAChR activation with biphasic responses in which inhibition is followed by excitation, whereas prolonged ("tonic") mAChR activation increases CA1 neuron excitability. Both phasic and tonic mAChR activation excites pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region, yet ACh suppresses glutamate release at the CA3-to-CA1 synapse (the Schaffer-collateral pathway). Using mice genetically lacking specific mAChRs (mAChR knockout mice), we identified the mAChR subtypes responsible for cholinergic modulation of hippocampal pyramidal neuron excitability and synaptic transmission. Knockout of M1 receptors significantly reduced, or eliminated, most phasic and tonic cholinergic responses in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons. On the other hand, in the absence of other G(q)-linked mAChRs (M3 and M5), M1 receptors proved sufficient for all postsynaptic cholinergic effects on CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neuron excitability. M3 receptors were able to participate in tonic depolarization of CA1 neurons, but otherwise contributed little to cholinergic responses. At the Schaffer-collateral synapse, bath application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol suppressed stratum radiatum-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in wild-type CA1 neurons and in CA1 neurons from mice lacking M1 or M2 receptors. However, Schaffer-collateral EPSPs were not significantly suppressed by carbachol in neurons lacking M4 receptors. We therefore conclude that M1 and M4 receptors are the major mAChR subtypes responsible for direct cholinergic modulation of the excitatory hippocampal circuit.
Experimental Production of Antinuclear Antibodies (1960)

Summary Nuclcoproteins were found to be weak antigens for rabbits and guinea pigs and to give rise to various antibodies, reacting with nucleoprotein and/or DNA and histone. There was interspecies cross reactivity. Clear-cut and strongly positive lupus erythematosus (LE) phenomena were not observed. One guinea pig immunized with nuclei showed a weak LE like phenomenon. The serologic pattern of antinucleoprotein-antibodies in these experimental animals is strikingly similar to that in SLE. In none of the animals were pathologic changes observed which are pathognomonic of SLE. The pathogenetic significance of the anti-nucleoprotein antibodies has not been defined by the present study.
INTRODUCTION OF CATIONIC GROUPS ONTO CARBON BLACK SURFACE AND THEIR DISPERSIBILITY IN WATER (2000)

ABSTRACT Imidazoline hydrochlonde groups were successfully introduced onto carbon black surface by the treatment of imidazoline groups, which were introduced by the trapping of 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane radicals formed by the thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] (AJP) with hydrochloric acid. In addition, arrridine hydrochlonde groups were introduced onto carbon black surface by the radical trapping of 2-methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride radicals formed by the thermal decomposition of 22'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AMPAD). The content of imidazoline hydrochlonde and amidine hydrochlonde groups introduced onto carbon black was determined to be 0.6 mmol/g and 0,7 mmol/g, respectively. The mean particle size of AIP/HCl-lreated and AMPAD-treated carbon black was determined to be 31 nm and 16 nm, respectively, by dynamic light scattering method. It was found that the surface of carbon black turned from hydraphobic to hydrophilic by the introduction of cationic moieties and gave a very stable colloidal dispersion in neutral and acidic water at room temperature.
Intravenous Lidocaine and Oral Mexiletine Block Reflex Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic Subjects (1996)

Stimulation of the airways of asthmatic individuals causes severe bronchoconstriction, which is in part neurally mediated via the vagus nerve. Local anesthetics are commonly administered to prevent this reflex-induced bronchoconstriction. Therefore, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study, we tested the effectiveness of oral mexiletine and intravenous lidocaine at blocking histamine-induced reflex bronchoconstriction. Fifteen subjects with mild asthma were selected (for whom the provocative concentration of histamine aerosol causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20) was less than 18 mg/ml). Subsequently, the subjects were pretreated with oral mexiletine, intravenous lidocaine, or placebo, and the histamine challenges were repeated. The baseline PC20 for histamine was 8.8 +/- 1.8 mg/ml. Mexiletine and lidocaine at therapeutic serum concentrations blocked reflex bronchoconstriction. Oral mexiletine increased the PC20 to 21.1 +/- 5.0 mg/ml (serum concentration: 0.7 +/- 0.05 microg/ml). Likewise, intravenous lidocaine increased the PC20 to 24.5 +/- 4.9 mg/ml (serum concentration: 2.6 +/- 0.15 microg/ml). Oral mexiletine and intravenous lidocaine block reflex-induced bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, mexiletine may have additional airway benefits when selected for the treatment of dysrhythmias or chronic pain in patients with coexisting lung diseases.
Wideband Fiber-Interferometer Stabilization With Variable Phase (2012)

We report on a robust scheme for wideband variable-phase interferometer stabilization based on active modulation. In contrast to previous schemes, the correction signal is generated without using second harmonics, whose low amplitude often requires employing narrowband lock-in amplifiers. Resonances in the element modulating the phase are attenuated to enable high gain without high-frequency oscillations. Operation over a 3-kHz bandwidth is demonstrated.
Asymmetric\ Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Amino Acids by Diels-Alder Reactions of (2S)- and (2R)-4-Methyleneoxazolidin-5-ones (1993)

The synthesis of chiral (2S)- and (2R)-4-methyleneoxazolidin-5-ones, in high enantiomeric purity from (S)-S- methylcysteine, and their highly exo-selective Diels -Alder reactions with cyclic dienes are described. (1R,2S,4S)-2-Aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid has been prepared in 92% e.e. by these methods. A number of the products have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray methods, and their structure systematics examined.
Development of a monoclonal antibody to immuno‐cytochemical analysis of the cellular localization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (1996)

Based on the amino acid sequence deduced from the cloned human peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) gene, monoclonal antibody (Mab 8D7) was produced against the C-terminal fragment of the receptor. Immunoblot experiments, performed against purified PBR, indicated that the antipeptide antibody recognized, under denaturing conditions, the corresponding amino acid sequence of the PBR. When mitochondrial membranes from PBR tranfected yeast or from THP1 and U937 cells were used on immunoblot analysis, a high level of immunoreactivity was observed at 18 kDa, the PBR molecular mass deduced from cDNA, establishing the specificity of the antibody for the receptor. Moreover, binding experiments realized with intact mitochondria demonstrated that the immunogenic sequence was accessible to the antibody indicating that the C-terminal fragment of the PBR faces the cytosol. Using this Mab we developed a technique which allowed precise quantification of PBR density per cell. Furthermore, cellular localization studies by flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopy on cell lines displaying different levels of PBR showed that Mab 8D7 was entirely colocalized with an antimitochondria Mab. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Slow Learners are Fast (2009)

Online learning algorithms have impressive convergence properties when it comes to risk minimization and convex games on very large problems. However, they are inherently sequential in their design which prevents them from taking advantage of modern multi-core architectures. In this paper we prove that online learning with delayed updates converges well, thereby facilitating parallel online learning.
Widespread Collaboration of Isw2 and Sin3-Rpd3 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Transcriptional Repression (2001)

The yeast Isw2 chromatin remodeling complex functions in parallel with the Sin3-Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex to repress early meiotic genes upon recruitment by Ume6p. For many of these genes, the effect of an isw2 mutation is partially masked by a functional Sin3-Rpd3 complex. To identify the full range of genes repressed or activated by these factors and uncover hidden targets of Isw2-dependent regulation, we performed full genome expression analyses using cDNA microarrays. We find that the Isw2 complex functions mainly in repression of transcription in a parallel pathway with the Sin3-Rpd3 complex. In addition to Ume6 target genes, we find that many Ume6-independent genes are derepressed in mutants lacking functional Isw2 and Sin3-Rpd3 complexes. Conversely, we find that ume6 mutants, but not isw2 sin3 or isw2 rpd3 double mutants, have reduced fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation, suggesting that one or more functions of Ume6p are independent of Sin3-Rpd3 and Isw2 complexes. Chromatin structure analyses of two nonmeiotic genes reveals increased DNase I sensitivity within their regulatory regions in an isw2 mutant, as seen previously for one meiotic locus. These data suggest that the Isw2 complex functions at Ume6-dependent and -independent loci to create DNase I-inaccessible chromatin structure by regulating the positioning or placement of nucleosomes.
Is the ultraviolet waveband a special communication channel in avian mate choice? (2001)

There is growing evidence that ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths play an important role in avian mate choice. One of the first experiments to support this idea showed that female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) prefer UV-reflecting males to males whose ultraviolet reflection has been removed. The effect was very strong despite little or no UV reflection from several plumage areas. However, it is not clear how the importance of the UV waveband compares to other regions of the bird-visible spectrum. We tested whether the response of female zebra finches to the removal of male UV reflection is greater than to the removal of other wavebands. We presented females with a choice of males whose appearance was manipulated using coloured filters. The filters removed single blocks of the avian visible spectrum corresponding closely to the spectral sensitivities of each of the zebra finch's single cone classes. This resulted in males that effectively had no UV (UV-), no short-wave (SW-), no medium-wave (MW-) or no long-wave (LW-) plumage reflection. Females preferred UV- and SW- males. LW- and MW- males were least preferred, suggesting that female zebra finches show the greatest response to the removal of longer wavelengths. Quantal catches of the single cone types viewing body areas of the male zebra finch are presented for each treatment. Our study suggests it is important to consider the role of the UV waveband in avian mate choice in conjunction with the rest of the avian visible spectrum.
Psychophysiologic Parameters of Traumatic Stress Disorder in Rats<sup>a</sup> (1997)

Nonhabituation of the acoustic startle response is used to identify rat subjects with altered alarm responses subsequent to trauma exposure. Subjects (n = 31) were exposed to 30 minutes of intermittent tail shock on 2 days followed by exposure to the apparatus on the third day. Twenty-nine percent of traumatized rats developed nonhabituation of startle over the subsequent 3 weeks of testing. No control rats developed nonhabituation of startle reactions over a similar time period. These data suggest that this system represents a more accurate representation of clinical PTSD than do other animal models.
Multichannel Fourier fringe analysis as an aid to automatic phase unwrapping (1994)

We describe a technique termed multichannel Fourier fringe analysis and its application to the problem of automatic phase unwrapping in the presence of surface discontinuities. The technique is especially useful for the analysis of fringe projection contour maps in order to measure surface height distributions. Use is made of multiple fringe patterns that are separated in the frequency space of the Fourier transform by means of a set of bandpass filters. We also describe the design of a special fiber-optic interferometer with features particularly important in the case of this technique: easily adjustable fringe spacing and rotation. Fringe production by the interferometer is analyzed, and the relationship between the fringe phase and the height distribution of an illuminated surface is derived. A method for measuring phase in the case of multichannel Fourier fringe analysis is presented. The application of the technique to automatic phase unwrapping is shown. An example of the technique in operation is given, and a discussion of implementation of the technique is included.
Twenty-five years of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (2011)

Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is the most common transplantation procedure performed in medicine. Its clinical introduction in 1986 replaced BM as a stem-cell source to approximately 100% in the autologous and to approximately 75% in the allogeneic transplantation setting. This historical overview provides a brief insight into the discovery of circulating hematopoietic stem cells in the early 1960s, the development of apheresis technology, the discovery of hematopoietic growth factors and small molecule CXCR4 antagonist for stem- cell mobilization, and in vivo experimental transplantation studies that eventually led to clinical PBSCT. Also mentioned are the controversies surrounding the engraftment potential of circulating stem cells before acceptance as a clinical modality. Clinical trials comparing the outcome of PBSCT with BM transplantation, registry data analyses, and the role of the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) in promoting unrelated blood stem-cell donation are addressed.
Introduction to Genetic Analysis (1976)

Genetics and the Organism PART I: TRANSMISSION GENETIC ANALYSIS: Patterns of Inheritance The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritanc e Eukaryote Chromosome Mapping by Recombination The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses PART II: THE RELATIONSHIP OF DNA AND PHENOTYPE: From Gene to Phenotype Structure and Replication of DNA RNA and Transcription Proteins and Translation Regulation of Transcription PART III: GENOME STRUCTURE AND ENGINEERING: Recombinant DNA Technology Genomic Sequence Analysis Epigenetics The Dynamic Genome: Transposons and Genome Architecture PART IV: THE NATURE OF HERITABLE CHANGE: Gene Mutation and Crossing Over Large Scale Chromosomal Changes PART V: FROM GENES TO NETWORKS: Mutational Dissection Genetic Networks Cancer Developmental Genetics PART VI: THE IMPACT OF GENETIC VARIATION: Population Genetics Quantitative Genetics Evolutionary Genetics
Interaction of peptides derived from the Fas ligand with the Fyn‐SH3 domain (1995)

Interaction of the widely expressed Fas with its membrane-bound ligand (FasL) leads to rapid cell death via apoptosis. To avoid pathological tissue damage, the activity of FasL requires tight regulation. Here, we report that the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of Fyn binds to the proline-rich cytoplasmic region of FasL. Binding of the SH3 domain occurs between amino acid residues 44-71 which contains several potential SH3 interaction sites. This binding is specific, as SH3 domains of Lck, Grb2 and ras-GAP bind only weakly or not at all. We suggest that FasL activity may be modulated by SH3 domains of the src-like Fyn kinase.
Single-photon interference experiment over 100 km for quantum cryptography system using balanced gated-mode photon detector (2003)

The authors demonstrate single-photon interference over 100 km using a balanced gated-mode photon detector and a plug and play system for quantum key distribution. The visibility with 0.1 photon/pulse was more than 80% after 100 km transmission. This corresponds to the fidelity of a quantum cryptography system of more than 90% and a QBER of less than 10%, satisfying the security criteria.
Myopic Hydrogel Keratophakia (1984)

Myopic hydrogen keratophakia offers several potential advantages over existing forms of corneal refractive surgery. Because no tissue lathing is required, neither donor tissue nor complex lathing equipment is necessary. Theoretically, hydrogen lens implants with precisely determined and verifiable parameters can be obtained in limitless supply. The surgical effect can be either modified or reversed, if clinically indicated. In this preliminary report, myopic hydrogel implants, with powers between -5 diopters and -20 diopters, were placed in nonhuman primate corneas. Corneascopic analysis showed significant flattening in all instances, and about 70% of the anticipated correction was actually observed. Operative complications were infrequent and generally resulted from traumatic wound dehiscence. Myopic hydrogel keratophakia has tremendous clinical potential, but requires further experimental testing as to safety and efficacy.
Primary structure of the cytosolic β-glucosidase of guinea pig liver (1996)

The cytosolic beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) present in the livers of mammalian species is distinguished by its broad specificity for sugars and its preference for hydrophobic aglycones. We purified the cytosolic beta-glucosidase from guinea pig liver and sequenced 142 amino acid residues contained within 12 trypsin digest fragments. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers deduced from the peptide sequences, a 622 bp cytosolic beta-glucosidase cDNA was amplified by reverse-transcriptase PCR, using total guinea pig liver RNA as template. The 'rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)' method [Frohman (1993) Methods Enzymol. 218, 340-356] was used to synthesize the remaining segments of the full-length cDNA. The complete cDNA contained 1671 nucleotides with an open reading frame coding for 469 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence included the amino acid sequences of all 12 trypsin digest fragments derived from the purified enzyme. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the guinea pig liver cytosolic beta-glucosidase is a Family 1 beta-glycosidase and that it is most closely related to mammalian lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. These results suggest that the cytosolic beta-glucosidase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase diverged from a common evolutionary precursor.