gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation of leucine enkephalin as a function of laser fluence in a MALDI TOF-TOF (2007)

The effects of laser fluence on ion formation in MALDI were studied using a tandem TOF mass spectrometer with a Nd-YAG laser and alpha-cyano hydrocinnamic acid matrix. Leucine enkephalin ionization and fragmentation were followed as a function of laser fluence ranging from the threshold of ion formation to the maximum available, that is, about 280-930 mJ/mm2. The most notable finding was the appearance of immonium ions at fluence values close to threshold, increasing rapidly and then tapering in intensity with the appearance of typical backbone fragment ions. The data suggest the presence of two distinct environments for ion formation. One is associated with molecular desorption at low values of laser fluence that leads to extensive immonium ion formation. The second becomes dominant at higher fluences, is associated initially with backbone type fragments, but, at the highest values of fluence, progresses to immonium fragments. This second environment is suggestive of ion desorption from large pieces of material ablated from the surface. Arrhenius rate law considerations were used to estimate temperatures associated with the onset of these two processes.
Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy (2014)

Glioblastoma remains a lethal diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. (NEJM 352:987-96, 2005) Although immunotherapy-based approaches are capable of inducing detectable immune responses against tumor-specific antigens, improvements in clinical outcomes are modest, in no small part due to tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms that promote immune escape and immuno-resistance. Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at bolstering the immune response while neutralizing immunosuppression will play a critical role in improving treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients. In vivo murine models of glioma provide an invaluable resource to achieving that end, and their use is an essential part of the preclinical workup for novel therapeutics that need to be tested in animal models prior to testing experimental therapies in patients. In this article, we review five contemporary immunocompetent mouse models, GL261 (C57BL/6), GL26 (C57BL/6) CT-2A (C57BL/6), SMA-560 (VM/Dk), and 4C8 (B6D2F1), each of which offer a suitable platform for testing novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Opposition-Based Differential Evolution (ODE) with Variable Jumping Rate (2007)

In this paper, a time varying jumping rate (TVJR) model for opposition-based differential evolution (ODE) has been proposed. According to this model, the jumping rate changes linearly during the evolution based on the number of function evaluations. A test suite with 15 well-known benchmark functions has been employed to compare performance of the DE and ODE with variable jumping rate settings. Results show that a higher jumping rate is more desirable during the exploration than during the exploitation. Details for the proposed approach and the conducted experiments are provided
Circular-harmonic vector analysis of a dielectric waveguide with a cross-cut-circle cross section (1995)

Vector-wave solutions of dielectric waveguides with cross-cut-circle cross sections, which are commonly produced by reflow of the waveguide core on a planar substrate at high temperature, are rigorously analyzed by the use of the point-matching method. As a numerical example, the propagation constant, electromagnetic-field distribution, and convergence of mode solutions for a semicircular waveguide are presented, and the properties of these modes are discussed.
The Role of Actin-binding Protein 280 in Integrin-dependent Mechanoprotection (1998)

To survive in a mechanically active environment, cells must adapt to variations of applied membrane tension. A collagen-coated magnetic bead model was used to apply forces directly to the actin cytoskeleton through integrin receptors. We demonstrate here that by a calcium-dependent mechanism, human fibroblasts reinforce locally their connection with extracellular adhesion sites by inducing actin assembly and by recruiting actin-binding protein 280 (ABP-280) into cortical adhesion complexes. ABP-280 was phosphorylated on serine residues as a result of force application. This phosphorylation and the force-induced actin reorganization were largely abrogated by inhibitors of protein kinase C. In a human melanoma cell line that does not express ABP-280, actin accumulation could not be induced by force, whereas in stable transfectants expressing ABP-280, force-induced actin accumulation was similar to human fibroblasts. Cortical actin assembly played a role in regulating the activity of stretch-activated, calcium-permeable channels (SAC) since sustained force application desensitized SAC to subsequent force applications, and the decrease in stretch sensitivity was reversed after treatment with cytochalasin D. ABP-280-deficient cells showed a > 90% increase in cell death compared with ABP-280 +ve cells after force application. We conclude that ABP-280 plays an important role in mechanoprotection by reinforcing the membrane cortex and desensitizing SACs.
High‐throughput screens in mammalian cells using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system (2015)

As a powerful genome-editing tool, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has been quickly developed into a large-scale function-based screening strategy in mammalian cells. This new type of genetic library is constructed through the lentiviral delivery of single-guide RNA collections that direct Cas9 or inactive dead Cas9 fused with effectors to interrogate gene function or regulate gene transcription in targeted cells. Compared with RNA interference screening, the CRISPR-Cas9 system demonstrates much higher levels of effectiveness and reliability with respect to both loss-of-function and gain-of-function screening. Unlike the RNA interference strategy, a CRISPR-Cas9 library can target both protein-coding sequences and regulatory elements, including promoters, enhancers and elements transcribing microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. This powerful genetic tool will undoubtedly accelerate the mechanistic discovery of various biological processes. In this mini review, we summarize the general procedure of CRISPR-Cas9 library mediated functional screening, system optimization strategies and applications of this new genetic toolkit.
Dynamic analysis of the relay cache-coherence protocol for distributed transactional memory (2010)

Transactional memory is an alternative programming model for managing contention in accessing shared in-memory data objects. Distributed transactional memory (TM) promises to alleviate difficulties with lock-based (distributed) synchronization and object performance bottlenecks in distributed systems. In distributed TM systems, both the management and consistency of a distributed transactional object are ensured by a cache-coherence protocol. The Relay protocol is a cache-coherence protocol that operates on a fixed spanning tree. The protocol efficiently reduces the total number of abortions for a given set of transactions. We analyze the Relay protocol for a set of transactions which are dynamically generated in a given time period, and compare the protocol's time complexity against that of an optimal offline clairvoyant algorithm. We show that Relay is O(log D)-competitive, where D is the diameter of the spanning tree, for a set of transactions that request the same object, given the condition that the maximum local execution time of transactions is sufficiently small.
The solution of over-erase problem controlling poly-Si grain size-modified scaling principles for flash memory (2002)

Clear evidence is presented that the floating gate poly-Si grain size dominates flash memory erase characteristics. Smaller grain size shows a narrower erase distribution. Thus conventional scaling theories should be modified to include that grain size must be shrunk proportional to the cell size. A process technology breakthrough will have to be achieved to form smaller size grains because 16 M will be the maximum capacity using current process technology with this new theory. It is also shown how 64 M flash memories can be achieved without such a technology breakthrough.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New One-Pot Synthetic Methodfor Selenium-Containing Medium-Sized α,β-UnsaturatedCyclic Ketones (2008)

The reaction of tetrahydroselenopyran-2-one (7) with ethynyllithiums 20a-h, followed by treatment with aqueous 5% H2SO4 successfully led to a two-carbon ring expansion to give the 2-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroselenocin-4-ones 21a-h in 43-95% yields. Seven- to nine-membered γ-selena-α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketones 22-26 and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrotellurocin-4-one 27 were also prepared from the corresponding selenolactones or tellurolactone in a one-pot reaction.
Characterization of spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase isoforms reveals hexameric assemblies with increased thermal stability (2014)

Most plants contain two isoforms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase (Rca), a chloroplast protein that maintains the activity of Rubisco during photosynthesis. The longer (α-) Rca isoform has previously been shown to regulate the activity of Rubisco in response to both the ADP:ATP ratio and redox potential via thioredoxin-f. We have characterized the arrangement of the different spinach (Spinacia oleracea) isoforms in solution, and show how the presence of nucleotides changes the oligomeric state. Although the shorter (β-) isoform from both tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and spinach tend to form a range of oligomers in solution, the size of which are relatively unaffected by the addition of nucleotide, the spinach α-isoform assembles as a hexamer in the presence of adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATPγS). These hexamers have significantly higher heat stability, and may play a role in optimizing photosynthesis at higher temperatures. Hexamers were also observed for mixtures of the two isoforms, suggesting that the α-isoform can act as a structural scaffold for hexamer formation by the β-isoform. Additionally, it is shown that a variant of the tobacco β-isoform acts in a similar fashion to the α-isoform of spinach, forming thermally stable hexamers in the presence of ATPγS. Both isoforms had similar rates of ATP hydrolysis, suggesting that a propensity for hexamer formation may not necessarily be correlated with activity. Modelling of the hexameric structures suggests that although the N-terminus of Rca forms a highly dynamic, extended structure, the C-terminus is located adjacent to the intersubunit interface.
Drop-on-Demand Laser Sintering With Silver Nanoparticles for Electronics Packaging (2012)

This paper proposes a “dry” laser-sintering method and discusses characteristics of a laser-sintered silver thin film on a polyimide or a copper substrate. This novel technology consists of the following processes: first, ink-jet printing of metal nanoparticles with dispersants and solvents for minute patterning; second, short preheating to remove organic substances in the ink; and finally, millisecond-order laser-beam irradiation under atmospheric conditions with the flow of argon gas for metallization. Regarding the wiring, visible lasers with high absorption on the ink develop rapid metallization and activate solvent evaporation, resulting in a rough surface with large pores. Interface adhesion is increased by the anchoring effect in the course of laser irradiation. In contrast, near-infrared lasers with low absorption heat the ink from the polyimide interface, yielding a dense, low-specific-resistance structure. Regarding pad formation on the copper leadframe without any surface pre-treatments, interdiffusion takes place at the Ag/Cu interface and increases adhesivity. The structural quality of the laser-sintered silver pad is almost the same as that of an electroplated one, so that no difference in good wire-bondability is obtained when the near-infrared continuous-wave laser is irradiated for a short time of a millisecond order per lead.
An Inflammatory Polypeptide Complex from <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>: Isolation and Characterization (1999)

Staphylococcus epidermidis releases factors that activate the HIV-1 long terminal repeat, induce cytokine release, and activate nuclear factor B in cells of macrophage lineage. The active material had a mass of 34,500 daltons, was inactivated by proteases and partitioned into the phenol layer on hot aqueous phenol extraction, and thus was termed phenol-soluble modulin (PSM). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of crude PSM yielded two peaks of activity designated PSM peak 1 and peak 2. MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight) mass spectroscopy indicated the presence of two components in peak 1, which were designated PSM and PSM. Peak 2 contained a single component, designated PSM. Separation of PSM and PSM in peak 1 could be achieved by a second HPLC procedure. The structure of each component was determined by amino acid sequence analysis and identification and sequencing of their genes. PSM, PSM, and PSM were 22-, 44-, and 25-amino acid, respectively, strongly hydrophobic polypeptides. PSM was identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis delta toxin, whereas PSM and PSM exhibited more distant homology to previously described staphylococcal toxins. They appeared to exist as a complex or aggregate with activity greater than the component parts. The properties of the S. epidermidis PSMs suggest that they may contribute to the systemic manifestations of Gram-positive sepsis.
Lattice Bending in LEC-Grown Semi-Insulating GaAs Wafers (1983)

Lattice bending in LEC-grown semi-insulating GaAs crystal wafers was investigated by X-ray diffraction. Various distributions in the lattice bending were observed in wafers from different boules. Prominent bends, with radii of curvature of about 20 m, were observed at places where the relevant topographs showed the presence of fine cellular dislocation networks. The apparent wafer bending was also examined optically and was found to be caused mainly by back surface damage.
Active stabilization of a poorly damped input filter supplying a constant power load (2009)

The presence of an LC input filter in an electrical system often results in degradation of dynamic performance and instability of the system. This paper addresses the global stability study of an electrical system comprised of a DC power supply, an LC filter and an actuator (inverter - permanent magnet synchronous motor or induction motor). Circle criterion is used to study the global stability of the system. In the proposed approach the control structure of the electrical system is slightly modified to implement a nonlinear stabilization structure for improving large signal stability of the system and thus allows reducing the DC link capacitance value. An electrical system consisted of an LC input filter connected to an inverter-PMSM designed for aircraft application is treated as an illustrative example.
Synthesis and bacterial biofilm inhibition studies of ethyl N-(2-phenethyl) carbamate derivatives (2010)

An 88 member library based upon the marine bacterial metabolite ethyl N-(2-phenethyl) carbamate was evaluated for bacterial biofilm inhibition against a panel of medically relevant strains. These studies culminated in the discovery of a new class of molecules capable of inhibiting the formation of S. aureus biofilms with low micromolar IC(50) values.
TOWARDS THE MULTITRACK DIGITAL VIDEO TAPE RECORDER (1991)

New multitrack scanners have been developed for high density recording on conventional magnetic tape. The multiplexed recording device consists of a 2D array of gaps, while the magnetooptic readout system consists of a Kerr transducer in contact with the tape, and of a CCD linear array for detection.
Medical Image Analysis for Image Guided Therapy (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Intercellular Messengers in Joint Tissues in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1981)

Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is uncertain, the mechanisms by which destruction of joint tissues may occur have been studied extensively. The inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis are probably mediated by a variety of different agents which include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, kinins and other peptide mediators, complement components, and immune complexes. The ultimate destruction of proteoglycans and collagen within cartilage similarly depend upon the release of the appropriate degradative enzymes. At one time these were thought to be predominantly lysosomal acid proteinases but emphasis has recently shifted to neutral metallo-proteinases which include specific enzymes capable of degrading collagen or proteoglycans at neutral pH. Under normal conditions these proteinases are in latent form due in part to the presence of a tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinases (TIMP). During studies of human joint tissues in culture, it has become apparent that products of one cell type may influence the behaviour of other cells. Thus, monocytes and macrophages may produce mediators, such as interleukins, one of which has been called mononuclear cell factor (MCF), which when added to cultures of human articular chondrocytes or synovial cells, markedly enhances production of prostaglandins and metallo-protein-ases while depressing the amount of TIMP. Cultured human synovial tissue produces factors with similar properties, which may in turn be related to mediators such as catabolin, which can be produced by synovium and other connective tissues and which stimulate chondrocytes to degrade their own matrix.The production of these mediators may not only be relevant to rheumatoid arthritis but also to other diseases. Thus, MCF is capable of stimulating prostaglandin production by gingival cells and cells derived from human bone. Moreover MCF is itself capable of inducing bone resorption.Since both normal and diseased tissues are capable of producing and responding to these mediators, these potential degradative interactions must be kept in check in vivo. Glucocorticosteroids may play a role in the natural suppression of these mechanisms, since in vitro they are capable of inhibiting the production of factors as well as their effects on target tissues.Since these factors probably have anabolic activity as well, they may be involved in connective tissue repair after injury. Such intercellular mediators may play important roles in the control of connective tissue turnover, not only in disease states but also in the normal processes of growth and differentiation.
Media Streaming For Infotainment - Predictive streaming using adaptive bitrate and buffering (2009)

This master thesis will investigate if it is possible to vary the bitrate of a media stream in real time to make it fit over a link with varying quality. The varying bitrate of the media stream is based on different strategies for when to buffer and how much needs to be buffered.\nStrategies for buffering uses an estimated bitrate for the link to be able to predict when and where the link has high bandwidth or low bandwidth. The estimated bitrate is constantly updated and based on previously measured bitrates. Streaming is done between a client and\nserver where the client is connected against the server trough a mobile\nbroadband or a wireless accessed point.\n\n<p/>\nSammanfattning<br/>\nI den här rapporten kommer vi att undersöka om det är möjligt att variera bandbredden på en mediaström i realtid så att den kan skickas över en länk som har en varierande kvalité. Den varierande\nbandbredden på mediaströmmen är baserad på olika strategier över när buffring ska ske samt hur mycket som behövs buffra. Strategierna använder sig av en estimerad bandbredd för länken för att på så sett\nkunna prediktera när och var länken har lägre eller högre bandbredd.\nDen estimerade bandbredden uppdateras kontinuerligt och är baserad på gamla uppmätta bandbreddsvärden. Mediaströmmen skickas mellan en server och en klient dä klienten är uppkopplad mot servern via ett mobilt bredband eller ett öppet trådlöst nätverk.
Synthesis of enantiopure C<sub>3</sub>- and C<sub>4</sub>-hydroxyretinals and their enzymatic reduction by ADH8 from Xenopus laevis (2005)

(R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal 1, (S)-all-trans-4-hydroxyretinal and (R)-all-trans-4-hydroxyretinal have been synthesized stereoselectively by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Stille cross-coupling as bond-forming reactions. The CBS method of ketone reduction was used in the enantioface-differentiation step to provide the precursors for the synthesis of the 4-hydroxyretinal enantiomers. The kinetic constants of Xenopus laevis ADH8 with these retinoids have been determined.
Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (2009)

The optimum treatment for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome remains uncertain and no study to date has shown any one drug to be highly efficacious; rufinamide, lamotrigine, topiramate and felbamate may be helpful as add-on therapy. Until further research has been undertaken, clinicians will need to continue to consider each patient individually, taking into account the potential benefit of each therapy weighed against the risk of adverse effects.
5,15-Diphenyl-7-oxobenzochlorins. Novel long-wavelength absorbing photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (1994)

R. W. Boyle and D. Dolphin, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2463 DOI: 10.1039/C39940002463
PAH and soot formation and interconversion in turbulent coal liquid and natural gas diffusion flames (1984)

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1984.
Characterization of spent fuel approved testing material: ATM-106 (1988)

The characterization data obtained to date are described for Approved Testing Material (ATM)-106 spent fuel from Assembly BT03 of pressurized-water reactor Calvert Cliffs No. 1. This report is one in a series being prepared by the Materials Characterization Center at Pacific Northwest Laboratory on spent fuel ATMs. The ATMs are receiving extensive examinations to provide a source of well- characterized spent fuel for testing in the US Department of Energy Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCWRM) program. ATM-106 consists of 20 full-length irradiated fuel rods with rod-average burnups of about 3700 GJ/kgM (43 MWd/kgM) and expected fission gas release of /approximately/10%. Characterization data include (1) as-fabricated fuel design, irradiation history, and subsequent storage and handling; (2) isotopic gamma scans; (3) fission gas analyses; (4) ceramography of the fuel and metallography of the cladding; (5) calculated nuclide inventories and radioactivities in the fuel and cladding; and (6) radiochemical analyses of the fuel and cladding. Additional analyses of the fuel rod are being conducted and will be included in planned revisions of this report. 12 refs., 110 figs., 81 tabs.