gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Setting Stress in Composite Resin in Relation to Configuration of the Restoration (1987)

The setting stress in composite resins was studied as a function of restoration shape. The shape is described by the configuration factor, C, the ratio of the restoration's bonded to unbonded (free) surfaces. In an experimental set-up, the shape of the restoration was simulated by cylindrical forms of various dimensions. The shrinkage stress was measured continuously. It was shown that in most of the clinically relevant cavity configurations, the stress-relieving flow is not sufficient to preserve adhesion to dentin by dentin-bonding agents.
Farnesol Inhibits L-type Ca2+ Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

Earlier experiments with animal and human arteries have shown that farnesol, a natural 15-carbon (C15) isoprenoid, is an inhibitor of vasoconstriction (Roullet, J.-B., Xue, H., Chapman, J., McDougal, P., Roullet, C. M., and McCarron, D. A. (1996) J. Clin. Invest. 97, 2384-2390). We report here that farnesol reduced KCl- and norepinephrine-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ transients in fura-2-loaded intact arteries. An effect on Ca2+ signaling was also observed in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (A10 cells). In these cells, farnesol reduced KCl-induced [Ca2+]i transients and mimicked the inhibitory effect of Ca2+-free medium on the [Ca2+]i response to both 12,13-phorbol myristate acetate, a protein kinase C activator, and thapsigargin, a specific endoplasmic reticulum ATPase inhibitor. Perforated patch-clamp experiments further showed in two vascular smooth muscle cell lines (A10 and A7r5), a reversible, dose-dependent inhibitory effect of farnesol on L-type Ca2+ currents (IC50 = 2.2 microM). Shorter (C10, geraniol) and longer (C20, geranylgeraniol) isoprenols were inactive. L-type Ca2+ channel blockade also occurred under tight (gigaohm) seal configuration using cell-attached, single-channel analysis, thus suggesting a possible action of farnesol from within the intracellular space. We finally demonstrated that farnesol did not affect Ca2+-sensitive pathways implicated in smooth muscle contraction, as tested with alpha-toxin permeabilized arteries. Altogether, our results indicate that farnesol is an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle Ca2+ signaling with plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker properties. The data have implications for the endogenous and pharmacological regulation of vascular tone by farnesol or farnesol analogues.
CE‐MALDI interface based on inkjet technology (2009)

An ink jet printer valve and a nozzle were used to deliver matrix and sample from an electrophoresis capillary onto a MALDI plate. The system was evaluated by the separation of a set of standard peptides. That separation generated up to 40 000 theoretical plates in less than 3 min. Detection limits were 500 amol for an ABI TOF-TOF instrument and 2 fmol for an ABI Q-TOF instrument. Over 70% coverage was obtained for the tryptic digest of alpha-lactalbumin in less than 2.5 min.
Quantitative Assessment of Differential Sensory Blockade After Lumbar Epidural Lidocaine (1997)

A cutaneous current perception threshold (CPT) sensory testing device measures both large and small diameter sensory nerve fiber function and may be useful in evaluating differential neural blockade.Eight subjects received both lumbar epidural saline and lumbar epidural lidocaine. Five milliliters of normal saline was administered and the CPTs were measured. After the saline, 10 mL of 2% plain lidocaine was administered. CPTs, and sensation to touch, pinprick, and cold were subsequently measured. Saline had no effect on any measurements. Lidocaine caused an increase in all CPTs at the umbilicus and the knee reaching a statistical significance at 5 Hz for the umbilicus only. The great toe showed a slight increase of the 5 Hz stimulus and no increase of the 2000 or 250 Hz stimulus. There was a significant decrease in touch, pinprick, and cold sensation at the umbilicus and knee and a significant decrease in the cold sensation at the great toe. There was no effect on any measurements made at the mastoid. Epidural lidocaine resulted in a differential neural blockade as measured by a CPT monitor but not with crude sensory measurements. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:1071-5)
HIF activation causes synthetic lethality between the <i>VHL</i> tumor suppressor and the <i>EZH1</i> histone methyltransferase (2017)

Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is the signature lesion in the most common form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). pVHL loss causes the transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) target genes, including many genes that encode histone lysine demethylases. Moreover, chromatin regulators are frequently mutated in this disease. We found that ccRCC displays increased H3K27 acetylation and a shift toward mono- or unmethylated H3K27 caused by an HIF-dependent increase in H3K27 demethylase activity. Using a focused short hairpin RNA library, as well as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) and a pharmacological inhibitor, we discovered that pVHL-defective ccRCC cells are hyperdependent on the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH1 for survival. Therefore, targeting EZH1 could be therapeutically useful in ccRCC.
Neural Opacity Point Cloud (2020)

Fuzzy objects composed of hair, fur, or feather are impossible to scan even with the latest active or passive 3D scanners. We present a novel and practical neural rendering (NR) technique called neural opacity point cloud (NOPC) to allow high quality rendering of such fuzzy objects at any viewpoint. NOPC employs a learning-based scheme to extract geometric and appearance features on 3D point clouds including their opacity. It then maps the 3D features onto virtual viewpoints where a new U-Net based NR manages to handle noisy and incomplete geometry while maintaining translation equivariance. Comprehensive experiments on existing and new datasets show our NOPC can produce photorealistic rendering on inputs from multi-view setups such as a turntable system for hair and furry toy captures.
Possible Species of “Ferroelastic” Crystals and of Simultaneously Ferroelectric and Ferroelastic Crystals (1969)

It is convenient to grasp crystals of a kind as “ferroelastic” crystals. They are defined analogously to “ferroelectric” crystals, mechanical strain and stress in the former corresponding to electric polarization and field in the latter respectively. The order of magnitude of the coercive stress for ferroelastic state-shifts which corresponds to the coercive field for ferroelectric state-shifts is expected, on the average, to be 10 2 newt·cm -2 . A determination is made of all theoretically possible species of ferroelastic crystals and the number of states and ferroelectricity or nonferroelctricity in each of these species. It is found that there are 94 of these ferroelastic species and that 42 of them are simultaneously ferroelectric. Incidentally, an alteration is made of the hitherto used symbols for the 88 species of ferroeletric crystals.
Bulk and Surface Properties of Liquid Al-Li and Li-Zn Alloys (2014)

Abstract Physicochemical properties like density, surface tension, and viscosity of liquid binary Al-Li and Li-Zn alloys have been measured using draining crucible method. The experimentally measured surface-tension values have been compared to theoretical results based either on the Butler model or the compound formation model assuming the existence of the most favored A 1 B 2 and A 2 B 3 clusters. Several models for viscosity calculation have been also applied and discussed in confrontation with measured data. Finally, the clustering effects in the liquid Al-Li and Li-Zn alloys have been examined using two microscopic functions, i.e. , the concentration fluctuation function in the long-wavelength limit and the Warren-Cowley short-range order parameter.
Degenerative and regenerative responses of injured neurons in the central nervous system of adult mammals (1991)

In adult mammals, the severing of the optic nerve near the eye is followed by a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and a failure of axons to regrow into the brain. Experimental manipulations of the non-neuronal environment of injured RGCs enhance neuronal survival and make possible a lengthy axonal regeneration that restores functional connections with the superior colliculus. These effects suggest that injured nerve cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS) are strongly influenced by interactions with components of their immediate environment as well as their targets. Under these conditions, injured CNS neurons can express capacities for growth and differentiation that resemble those of normally developing neurons. An understanding of this regeneration in the context of the cellular and molecular events that influence the interactions of axonal growth cones with their non-neuronal substrates and neuronal targets should help in the further elucidation of the capacities of neuronal systems to recover from injury.
Comment on ‘Perfect imaging without negative refraction’ (2010)

The prediction of 'perfect' imaging without negative refraction for Maxwell's fish-eye lens (Leonhardt U 2009 New J. Phys. 11 093040) is a consequence of imposing an active localized 'drain' at the image point rather than being a general property of the lens. This work then becomes analogous to other work using time-reversal symmetry and/or structured antennae to achieve super-resolution, which can be applied to many types of imaging system beyond the fish-eye lens.
Efficacy of rapid atrial pacing for conversion of atrial flutter in medically treated patients (1994)

To determine factors affecting the success rate of rapid atrial pacing in converting atrial flutter to sinus rhythm in medically treated patients, we prospectively used this technique for 120 consecutive episodes in a total of 110 patients (94 male, 16 female, mean age 63 +/- 14 years). Structural heart disease was present in 77%, and all patients were receiving antiarrhythmic drugs at the time of the procedure. Atrial flutter type I was present in 92 of 110 patients (84%), and atrial flutter type II in 18 of 110 (16%). Primary success rate (return to sinus rhythm either immediately or after < 10 min of atrial fibrillation) was 70% (71/102) for flutter type I, and 6% (1/18) for flutter type II (p < 0.001). Delayed success (conversion to sinus rhythm in > 10 min but < 24 h) was observed in 15 additional episodes of flutter type I (15%) and in 1 additional episode of flutter type II (6%). The only clinical factors predicting primary success were (a) characteristics of flutter waves on the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram, (b) duration of flutter (primary success rate of 81% if flutter < 1 month vs. 57% if > 1 month, p < 0.05), and (c) flutter rate (primary success rate of 78% if < 260/min vs. 56% if > 260/min, p < 0.05). In 6/71 episodes of flutter type I (8%), prolonged sinus pauses or severe bradyarrhythmias occurred after conversion to sinus rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Information Aggregation and Grojp Decisions (2006)

Individuals receive a signal about the unknown state of the world and decide upon a utility maximizing recommendation on the basis of that signal. The group’s decision maximizes the same utility function based on perfect pooling of individual information. With no restrictions on the information structure, the individually optimal decisions place no constraints on the group’s decision. In a monotone environment in which individuals receive conditionally independent signals, the paper presents conditions under which polarization does and does not arise. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: A12, D01; Keywords: statistical decision problem; group polarization; behavioral economics; psychology.
Factors influencing meiotic recombination revealed by whole-genome sequencing of single sperm (2019)

Recombination is critical to meiosis and evolution, yet many aspects of the physical exchange of DNA via crossovers remain poorly understood. We report an approach for single-cell whole-genome DNA sequencing by which we sequenced 217 individual hybrid mouse sperm, providing a kilobase-resolution genome-wide map of crossovers. Combining this map with molecular assays measuring stages of recombination, we identified factors that affect crossover probability, including PRDM9 binding on the non-initiating template homolog and telomere proximity. These factors also influence the time for sites of recombination-initiating DNA double-strand breaks to find and engage their homologs, with rapidly engaging sites more likely to form crossovers. We show that chromatin environment on the template homolog affects positioning of crossover breakpoints. Our results also offer insights into recombination in the pseudoautosomal region.
A Hybrid Approach to the Test of Cache Memory Controllers Embedded in SoCs (2008)

Software-based self-test (SBST) is increasingly used for testing processor cores embedded in SoCs, mainly because it allows at-speed, low-cost testing, while requiring limited (if any) hardware modifications to the original design. However, the method requires effective techniques for generating suitable test programs and for monitoring the results. In the case of processor core testing, a particularly complex module to test is the cache controller, due to its limited accessibility and observability. In this paper we propose a hybrid methodology that exploits an Infrastructure Intellectual Property (I-IP) to complement an SBST algorithm for testing the data and instruction cache controllers of embedded processors in SoCs. In particular, the I-IP may be programmed to monitor the system buses and generate the appropriate feedback about the correct result of the executed programs (in terms of obtained hit or miss operations). The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is evaluated resorting to a sample SoC design.
A real-time software controller for a digital model railroad system (2002)

The paper describes a real-time software controller for a digital model railroad. The Unix real-time primitives of fork, pipe, and signal are used to perform interprocess communication among three concurrently executing tasks, (1) a scanning task, (2) a scheduler and collision avoidance task, and (3) a graphical user interface (GUI) task. The software engineering objective of this real-time system is to maintain control of multiple digital locomotives each running on the same track layout while at the same time allowing a computerized scheduling system to 'run' the trains. The control software continuously monitors reed contact sensors to keep track of each train's location and direction, and is constantly performing collision avoidance testing. The locomotives are digitally encoded with a chipset that is addressable, therefore messy block wiring to turn the power on and off is unnecessary. Each digital locomotive and digital turnout switch responds to computer commands that are sent to its address.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marked Attenuation of Inflammatory Mediator-Induced C-Fiber Sensitization for Mechanical and Hypotonic Stimuli in TRPV4<sup>−/−</sup> Mice (2007)

Inflammatory mediators can directly sensitize primary afferent nociceptors to mechanical and osmotic stimuli. Sensitized nociceptors have a lowered threshold of activation and increased spontaneous activity, which result in symptoms of hyperalgesia and pain, respectively. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ligand-gated ion channel has been implicated in the hyperalgesia for mechanical and osmotic stimuli associated with inflammatory states. To investigate whether TRPV4 directly contributes to the mechanisms of inflammatory mediator sensitization of C-fiber nociceptors, we compared the effect of the injection of simplified inflammatory soup (prostaglandin E2 and serotonin) into the mechanical receptive fields of C-fibers in TRPV4+/+ and TRPV4-/- mice in vivo. Following the injection of the soup, the percentage of C-fibers responding to a hypotonic stimulus and the magnitude of the response was significantly greater in TRPV4+/+ mice compared to TRPV4-/- mice. Moreover, in response to simplified inflammatory soup only C-fibers from TRPV4+/+ mice exhibited increased spontaneous activity and decreased mechanical threshold. These marked impairments in the response of C-fibers in TRPV4-/- mice demonstrate the importance of TRPV4 in nociceptor sensitization; we suggest that TRPV4, as TRPV1, underlies the nociceptive effects of multiple inflammatory mediators on primary afferent.
Speaker verification in noisy environments with combined spectral subtraction and missing feature theory (2002)

In the framework of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), we present a new approach towards robust automatic speaker verification (SV) in adverse conditions. This new and simple approach is based on the combination of speech enhancement using traditional spectral subtraction, and missing feature compensation to dynamically modify the probability computations performed in GMM recognizers. The identity of the spectral features missing due to noise masking is provided by the spectral subtraction algorithm. Previous works have demonstrated that the missing feature modeling method succeeds in speech recognition with some artificially generated interruptions, filtering and noise. We show that this method also improves noise compensation techniques used for speaker verification in more realistic conditions.
Fusion of short telomeres in human cells is characterized by extensive deletion and microhomology, and can result in complex rearrangements (2009)

Telomere fusion is an important mutational event that has the potential to lead to large-scale genomic rearrangements of the types frequently observed in cancer. We have developed single-molecule approaches to detect, isolate and characterize the DNA sequence of telomere fusion events in human cells. Using these assays, we have detected complex fusion events that include fusion with interstitial loci adjacent to fragile sites, intra-molecular rearrangements, and fusion events involving the telomeres of both arms of the same chromosome consistent with ring chromosome formation. All fusion events were characterized by the deletion of at least one of the telomeres extending into the sub-telomeric DNA up to 5.6 kb; close to the limit of our assays. The deletion profile indicates that deletion may extend further into the chromosome. Short patches of DNA sequence homology with a G:C bias were observed at the fusion point in 60% of events. The distinct profile that accompanies telomere fusion may be a characteristic of the end-joining processes involved in the fusion event.
Development of Simulation Model for Calculating Loads to Synchronous Drive Belt (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A simulation model has been developed to estimate belt load by replacing the L/O (layout) around the engine synchronous drive belt and cam pulley with a simple vibration model based on the spring-mass system. Different engine specifications were applied to compare belt load estimates made by this model with the load actually measured, and found that the estimates matched the measurement values precisely. This report describes the specifications of our simulation model and the results of verification.</div>
Histidinol-Mediated Enhancement of the Specificity of Two Anticancer Drugs in Mice Bearing Leukemic Bone Marrow Disease<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1985)

The possibility was investigated that L-histidinol-anticancer drug combinations may provide increased tumor cell eradication and eliminate in vivo bone marrow toxicity of proliferation-dependent anticancer agents in animals bearing an established, intrafemoral bone marrow disease. It was previously demonstrated that L-histidinol, a structural analogue of the essential amino acid L-histidine, improves the specificity of cytarabine (ara-C) and 5-fluorouracil (FUra) in DBA/2J mice bearing intraperitoneal L 1210 leukemia. Accordingly, DBA/2J mice were given iv injections of 1 X 10(6) L1210 leukemia cells 3 days before histidinol-anticancer drug treatments. During the postinjection, pretreatment interval, injected tumor cells populated the femoral marrows, shown by clonogenic assays and flow cytometric analyses. Following various drug treatments, quantitative and selective survival assays were performed of normal femoral cells and of clonogenic L1210 leukemia cells isolated from the femurs of treated mice. These experiments demonstrated that L-histidinol not only protected the marrow cell population from both ara-C and FUra, but also increased significantly the toxicities of these agents for the intrafemoral tumor cells. Thus L-histidinol mediates a substantial increase in the specificities of ara-C and FUra in mice bearing an established bone marrow leukemic condition.
Service-Oriented Device Communications Using the Devices Profile for Web services (2007)

This paper outlines the benefits of adopting service-oriented architectures at the level of communications between resource-constrained embedded devices, in particular for industrial device networks. It focuses on the usage of the devices profile for Web services as the underpinning of such "smart device" architectures and discusses an early implementation thereof. It further illustrates how "dumb " or "legacy" devices can be integrated using a gatewaying approach.
Cost-Aware Dynamic Virtual Machine Purchase Plan Orchestrator for Multi-tier Cloud Applications (2013)

Cloud deployment and multi-tier architecture are popular for web applications. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers users different Virtual Machine (VM) instances with various capacities and prices which can be used as servers in each tier of web applications. Because of heterogeneousness of workload in each tier, it poses a great challenge to choose suitable VM purchase plans for each tier as to adapt the varying workload and reduce the cost of VM usage. In this paper, we propose a new approach which conducts cost-aware dynamic VM purchase plans for multi-tier cloud applications. Our approach first uses reinforcement learning to generate several candidate plans to adapt the varying workload and then employs linear programming to find the optimal one which is the most money-saving among the candidates. The experiment results witness the proposed method gains better performance than the traditional threshold method in meeting the Service Level Agreement (SLA) and cutting down the cost.
Diltiazem treatment for the management of ischaemia in patients with poor left ventricular function: safety of long term administration. (1987)

The tendency of oral diltiazem (a calcium entry blocking agent and a negative inotrope) to induce or exacerbate congestive heart failure when used for the long term management of myocardial ischaemia in patients with poor left ventricular function has not been investigated before. Twenty two patients (aged 42-73 years) with pretreatment left ventricular ejection fraction ranging from 0.11 to 0.39 were given open label oral diltiazem (120-360 mg/24 h (mean 254 mg)) for two weeks to 16 months (mean 7.5 months, median 6.2 months). There was a weight change of greater than 3 lb (1.35 kg) in nine patients--five gained weight and four lost it. Diltiazem treatment did not alter the mean (SD) cardiothoracic ratio on chest x ray (0.47 (0.06) before vs 0.48 (0.05) after) or the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest (0.28 (0.09) before vs 0.26 (0.08) after). Diltiazem was discontinued in one patient because of symptoms indicative of worsening congestive heart failure. No patient required admission to hospital for treatment of symptoms resulting from further left ventricular decompensation. Diltiazem was discontinued in six other patients for other reasons. Long term administration of oral diltiazem was not regularly associated with a deterioration in clinical, radiographic, or radionuclide ventriculographic estimates of left ventricular function, even in patients with poor baseline left ventricular systolic performance.