gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminosilane-Grafted Polymer/Silica Hollow Fiber Adsorbents for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from Flue Gas (2013)

Amine/silica/polymer composite hollow fiber adsorbents are produced using a novel reactive post-spinning infusion technique, and the obtained fibers are shown to capture CO2 from simulated flue gas. The post-spinning infusion technique allows for functionalization of polymer/silica hollow fibers with different types of amines during the solvent exchange step after fiber spinning. The post-spinning infusion of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) into mesoporous silica/cellulose acetate hollow fibers is demonstrated here, and the materials are compared with hollow fibers infused with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). This approach results in silica/polymer composite fibers with good amine distribution and accessibility, as well as adequate porosity retained within the fibers to facilitate rapid mass transfer and adsorption kinetics. The CO2 adsorption capacities for the APS-infused hollow fibers are shown to be comparable to those of amine powders with similar amine loadings. In contrast, fibers that are spun with presynthesized, amine-loaded mesoporous silica powders show negligible CO2 uptake and low amine loadings because of loss of amines from the silica materials during the fiber spinning process. Aminosilica powders are shown to be more hydrophilic than the corresponding amine containing composite hollow fibers, the bare polymer as well as silica support. Both the PEI-infused and APS-infused fibers demonstrate reduced CO2 adsorption upon elevating the temperature from 35 to 80 °C, in accordance with thermodynamics, whereas PEI-infused powders show increased CO2 uptake over that temperature range because of competing diffusional and thermodynamic effects. The CO2 adsorption kinetics as probed via TGA show that the APS-infused hollow fiber adsorbents have more rapid uptake kinetics than their aminosilica powder analogues. The adsorption performance of the functionalized hollow fibers is also assessed in CO2 breakthrough experiments. The breakthrough results show a sharp CO2 front for APS-grafted fibers, indicating fast kinetics with comparable pseudo-equilibrium capacities to the CO2 equilibrium capacities measured via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate the post-spinning infusion method provides a new platform for synthesizing composite polymer/silica/amine fibers that may facilitate the ultimate scale-up of practical fiber adsorbents for flue gas CO2 capture applications.
dc plasma anodization of GaAs (1978)

Oxide films up to 2500 Å thick have been grown by anodization of GaAs in the negative glow region of a dc oxygen discharge. Using Auger analysis, as-grown samples were found to contain excess Ga in the bulk of the film and excess As in a wide oxide-GaAs interface region. Preliminary measurements indicate that plasma anodic films grown on both p- and n-type GaAs exhibit electrical properties similar to films formed by liquid anodization.
Application of a Mathematic Programming Model for Integrated Planning and Scheduling of Petroleum Supply Networks (2008)

The scope of this study is concerned with the petroleum supply network operated by a typical oil company, in which the crude oil is consumed to produce ethylene, propylene, liquefied petroleum gas, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and other byproducts. These petrochemical products are usually manufactured with a cluster of strategically located conversion refineries.1 A complete petroleum supply chain consists of at least 13 different types of production units, that is, the atmospheric distillation units, the vacuum distillation units, the cokers, the fluid catalystic cracking units, the naphtha crackers, the butadiene extraction units, the hydrotreaters, the aromatics extraction units, the reforming units, the xylene fractionation units, the parex units, the xylene isomar units, and the tatory units. Traditionally, the production plan of an industrial supply chain is created first and a compatible schedule is then identified accordingly. Because the detailed scheduling constraints are often ignored in the planning model, there is no guarantee that an operable schedule can be obtained with this hierarchical approach. To address this issue, a single mixed-integer linear program (MILP) has been formulated in this study to coordinate various planning and scheduling decisions for optimizing the supply chain performance. Solving this MILP model yields the proper procurement scheme for crude oils, the schedules for producing various petrochemical products, and the corresponding logistics. The appropriate sources (suppliers) of raw materials, the economic order quantities, the best purchasing intervals, and also the transportation schedules can be identified accordingly. In particular, the optimal production schedule of olefins, aromatics, and other petrochemical products over the specified planning horizon is configured by selecting throughput, operating conditions, and technology options for each unit in the chain, by maintaining the desired inventory level for each process material, by securing enough feedstock, and by delivering appropriate amounts of products to the customers.
Maori Arts as Film Art: An Analysis of Ritual and Myth in Whale Rider, Once Were Warriors and Te Rua (2015)

This paper analyses three key films of the Maori Renaissance, which, in addition to being art forms in themselves, depict ritual song, traditional dance, martial arts, tattoos, carvings, and mythical storytelling. Moreover each film has both drawn from and generated debate about the roles of religion, ritual and cultural performance in the negotiation of resources and identity for indigenous peoples against a background of post-colonial late capitalism. In Once Were Warriors, the central problem is conceived in terms of a loss of the traditional means of disciplining male aggression and attempts to re-vitalize them, including the teaching of haka (war dance) and the martial arts of taiaha (spear) to young offenders and the adoption of tattoos resembling traditional moko by local gangs. Whale Rider in contrast, has a peaceful rural setting but also emphasizes the teaching of haka to young males as an initiatory rite for potential leaders. Both films have been criticized for their emphasis on gender and their silence regarding economic and political forces, although Whale Rider's enactment of mythical connections between human and animal communities suggests subtlety in the transmission of animist religion. Te Rua, exploring Maori efforts to repatriate ancestral carvings from European museums, suggests the power of the carvings themselves and highlights the virtues of consulting with one's community more than martial arts. Taken together, these films suggest that while traditional myth, art, and ritual are central to the shaping of Maori post-colonial identities, their precise role is a subject of intense scrutiny and debate.
FireCracker: A Framework for Inferring Firewall Policies using Smart Probing (2007)

A firewall policy that is correct and complete is crucial to the safety of a computer network. An adversary will benefit a lot from knowing the policy or its semantics. In this paper, we propose a framework that could be used to blindly discover a firewall policy remotely as a black box and without prior knowledge about the network configuration. We show how an attacker can reconstruct a firewall's policy by probing the firewall with tailored packets into a network and forming an idea of what the policy looks like. The proposed methodology shows how to discover a policy that is semantically equivalent to the original one used in the deployed firewall. Three techniques are proposed for reconstructing the policy as well as to intelligently choose the probing packets adaptively based on the firewall response. We show the possibility of obtaining the deployed policy in a feasible time with acceptable accuracy.
Multiple Stable States with In‐Plane Anisotropy in Ultrathin YMnO<sub>3</sub> Films (2010)

Coherent epitaxial YMnO3 ultrathin films have been built and their symmetries were studied using second harmonic generation technique. The underlying symmetry, trigonality, was revealed by the pseudomorphic strain effect and a new in-plane component with six-fold symmetry emerges in addition to usual polarization along c-axis. Its in-plane anisotropy provides possible multiple states which is significant for its potential applications.
Field-effect transistors and intrinsic mobility in ultra-thin MoSe2 layers (2012)

We report the fabrication of back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs) using ultra-thin, mechanically exfoliated MoSe2 flakes. The MoSe2 FETs are n-type and possess a high gate modulation, with On/Off ratios larger than 106. The devices show asymmetric characteristics upon swapping the source and drain, a finding explained by the presence of Schottky barriers at the metal contact/MoSe2 interface. Using four-point, back-gated devices, we measure the intrinsic conductivity and mobility of MoSe2 as a function of gate bias, and temperature. Samples with a room temperature mobility of ∼ 50 cm2/V·s show a strong temperature dependence, suggesting phonons are a dominant scattering mechanism.
Front Matter: Volume 6713 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6713, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Global Wiring by Simulated Annealing (1983)

Simulated annealing, a new general-purpose method of multivariate optimization, is applied to global wire routing for both idealized (synthetic) and actual designs of realistic size and complexity. Since the simulated annealing results are better than those obtained by conventional methods we use them as a standard against which to compare several sequential or greedy strategies commonly employed in automatic wiring programs.
Differential rescue of visceral and cardiac defects in <i>Drosophila</i> by vertebrate <i>tinman</i> -related genes (1998)

tinman, a mesodermal NK2-type homeobox gene, is absolutely required for the subdivision of the early Drosophila mesoderm and for the formation of the heart as well as the visceral muscle primordia. Several vertebrate relatives of tinman, many of which are predominately expressed in the very early cardiac progenitors (and pharyngeal endoderm), also seem to promote heart development. Here, we show that most of these vertebrate tinman-related genes can readily substitute for Drosophila tinman function in promoting visceral mesoderm-specific marker gene expression, but much less in promoting cardiac-specific gene expression indicative of heart development. In addition, another mesodermal NK2-type gene from Drosophila, bagpipe, which is normally only needed for visceral mesoderm but not heart development, cannot substitute for tinman at all. These data indicate that the functional equivalence of the tinman-related subclass of NK2-type genes (in activating markers of visceral mesoderm development in Drosophila) is specific to this subclass and distinct from other homeobox genes. Despite the apparent overall conservation of heart development between vertebrates and invertebrates, the differential rescue of visceral mesoderm versus heart development suggests that some of the molecular mechanisms of organ formation may have diverged during evolution.
Solder joint shape formation under constrained boundaries in wafer level underfill (2002)

Standard underfill processing occurs at the package level and is slow since it relies on the capillary flow of the resin. The dispensing operation requires from 30 to 120 seconds depending on the die geometry, bump pattern, standoff, and material characteristics. Even with the "no-flow" materials introduced recently in the market, processing is still carried out at the unit level. Upon completion of the underfill operation, batch curing is done for an additional amount of time. Thus, when multiplied by the number of dies on a wafer, the total process time can be quite substantial. Wafer level deposition of underfill is the next paradigm shift in flip chip packaging, offering both cost savings and higher throughput than with the conventional process. The resin is applied to the wafer and soft-cured prior to singulation. Final cure of the film is achieved during assembly reflow. A number of challenges do exist in this new process relating to material formulation and processing. This paper discusses the issue of solder wettability during reflow, while the solder balls are being constrained by a polymeric underfill layer.
Training neural nets with the reactive tabu search (1995)

In this paper the task of training subsymbolic systems is considered as a combinatorial optimization problem and solved with the heuristic scheme of the reactive tabu search (RTS). An iterative optimization process based on a "modified local search" component is complemented with a meta-strategy to realize a discrete dynamical system that discourages limit cycles and the confinement of the search trajectory in a limited portion of the search space. The possible cycles are discouraged by prohibiting (i.e., making tabu) the execution of moves that reverse the ones applied in the most recent part of the search. The prohibition period is adapted in an automated way. The confinement is avoided and a proper exploration is obtained by activating a diversification strategy when too many configurations are repeated excessively often. The RTS method is applicable to nondifferentiable functions, is robust with respect to the random initialization, and effective in continuing the search after local minima. Three tests of the technique on feedforward and feedback systems are presented.
What Law Governs the Disposition of Insurance Proceeds (1940)

the law which upholds the contract" is controlling.See
Lipid extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether for high-throughput lipidomics (2008)

Accurate profiling of lipidomes relies upon the quantitative and unbiased recovery of lipid species from analyzed cells, fluids, or tissues and is usually achieved by two-phase extraction with chloroform. We demonstrated that methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) extraction allows faster and cleaner lipid recovery and is well suited for automated shotgun profiling. Because of MTBE's low density, lipid-containing organic phase forms the upper layer during phase separation, which simplifies its collection and minimizes dripping losses. Nonextractable matrix forms a dense pellet at the bottom of the extraction tube and is easily removed by centrifugation. Rigorous testing demonstrated that the MTBE protocol delivers similar or better recoveries of species of most all major lipid classes compared with the "gold-standard" Folch or Bligh and Dyer recipes.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Amylose Brushes Revisited: Details from X‐<scp>R</scp>ay Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2013)

The successful synthesis of amylose brushes via enzymatic "grafting from" polymerization and the detailed characterization of all synthetic steps by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements are reported. Au and Si surfaces are amino-functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cystamine and 3-aminopropyldimethyethoxysilane (APDMES), respectively. Maltoheptaose is covalently attached to the amino-functionalized Au and Si surfaces via reductive amination. Amylose brushes are grown from maltoheptaose modified Au and Si surfaces with enzymatic polymerization using potato phosphorylase and Rabbit Muscle phosphorylase, as evidenced by spectroscopic ellipsometry and XPS measurements.
Activatable Fluorescent Probes: A New Concept in Optical Molecular Imaging (2012)

Activatable fluorescent probes share the unique feature of being turned on only under specific conditions: they are "silent" when not interacting with a specific target protein, microenvironment, or reactive species. Several activatable fluorescence probes have demonstrated their potential in cell biology study, disease study and diagnosis, and even in the rapidly expanding field of image-guided surgery. In this review, we will summarize progress in the design of activatable probes and their application in studying cell biology or in optical imaging. Some of the most effective examples of activatable fluorescent probes will be presented and their application will be discussed.
SEE Test Results for P2020 and P5020 Freescale Processors (2014)

Freescale processors are tested for heavy ion and proton SEE. The P2020 is tested for cache and register bit upsets as well as for upsets of various algorithms and memory controller upsets. The P5020 is tested for cache and register bit upsets as well as memory controller upsets. Effectiveness of testing various algorithms is limited to proton testing of the P2020 and is generally limited in fidelity due to register and cache upsets.
Dost: an environment to support automatic generation of user interfaces (1987)

This paper describes an environment that allows the user interface of an application to be generated automatically. The environment uses an approach based on the ideas of editor-oriented user interaction and object-oriented programming.
Ketamine Depresses Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling in Spinal Microglia in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain (2011)

Reports suggest that microglia play a key role in spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain, and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has a substantial role in the activation of spinal microglia and the development of tactile allodynia after nerve injury. In addition, ketamine application could suppress microglial activation in vitro, and ketamine could inhibit proinflammatory gene expression possibly by suppressing TLR-mediated signal transduction. Therefore, the present study was designed to disclose whether intrathecal ketamine could suppress SNL-induced spinal microglial activation and exert some antiallodynic effects on neuropathic pain by suppressing TLR3 activation. Behavioral results showed that intrathecal ketamine attenuated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia, as well as spinal microglial activation, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Western blot analysis displayed that ketamine application downregulated SNL-induced phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) expression, which was specifically expressed in spinal microglia but not in astrocytes or neurons. Besides, ketamine could reverse TLR3 agonist (polyinosine-polycytidylic acid)-induced mechanical allodynia and spinal microglia activation. It was concluded that intrathecal ketamine depresses TLR3-induced spinal microglial p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation after SNL, probably contributing to the antiallodynic effect of ketamine on SNL-induced neuropathic pain.
Modeling of Shock Absorber Behavior using Artifical Neural Networks (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">There is an increasing need for simulation of vehicle performance in the development process in order to achieve quality and reliability targets within (World Class) vehicle program timing. Simulation of vehicle dynamics, handling behavior and component loads has been achieved with multibody dynamic software. Prediction of service loads for component durability assessment requires accurate modeling of each component in the system over the full range of operation. In particular, the automotive shock absorber has a significant influence on the load transfer between suspension and body. Traditional models for shock absorber behavior are dependent on the internal velocity of the component. Previous studies and experimental data show that the behavior of the shock absorber is much more complex. In this study, neural network modeling techniques have been used to represent this complex behavior and provide a simple but accurate model that is computationally efficient and that can be integrated into a full vehicle simulation.</div>
Propagation of laser breakdown and detonation waves in transparent droplets (1988)

A computer model is used to study recent experiments investigating laser-induced plasma formation and explosion of single liquid aerosol droplets. The model accounts for the formation and evolution of the plasma and the resulting fluid flow; it does not account for the initial breakdown. The model shows all the qualitative features of the experiment, including laser-supported detonation waves, which at high laser intensities rapidly convert the whole droplet into a plasma. In addition, quantitative agreement with measured velocities has been obtained to within approximately 50%.
<i>ACVR1</i> <sup> <i>R206H</i> </sup> receptor mutation causes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva by imparting responsiveness to activin A (2015)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by episodically exuberant heterotopic ossification (HO), whereby skeletal muscle is abnormally converted into misplaced, but histologically normal bone. This HO leads to progressive immobility with catastrophic consequences, including death by asphyxiation. FOP results from mutations in the intracellular domain of the type I BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptor ACVR1; the most common mutation alters arginine 206 to histidine (ACVR1(R206H)) and has been thought to drive inappropriate bone formation as a result of receptor hyperactivity. We unexpectedly found that this mutation rendered ACVR1 responsive to the activin family of ligands, which generally antagonize BMP signaling through ACVR1 but cannot normally induce bone formation. To test the implications of this finding in vivo, we engineered mice to carry the Acvr1(R206H) mutation. Because mice that constitutively express Acvr1[R206H] die perinatally, we generated a genetically humanized conditional-on knock-in model for this mutation. When Acvr1[R206H] expression was induced, mice developed HO resembling that of FOP; HO could also be triggered by activin A administration in this mouse model of FOP but not in wild-type controls. Finally, HO was blocked by broad-acting BMP blockers, as well as by a fully human antibody specific to activin A. Our results suggest that ACVR1(R206H) causes FOP by gaining responsiveness to the normally antagonistic ligand activin A, demonstrating that this ligand is necessary and sufficient for driving HO in a genetically accurate model of FOP; hence, our human antibody to activin A represents a potential therapeutic approach for FOP.