gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Aesthetics of Livecasting (2013)

This chapter looks closely at a number of specific livecasts (theatre and opera) to reveal their construction and aesthetic properties. It examines the ways in which four theatrical events from the National Theatre, London, work hard to construct an experience which will be like that of spectators at the event (as opposed to a filmed production), but simultaneously offer cinema audiences bonus features (including ‘bravura moments’) giving a kind of privileged insight. This shifts the focus from the overall stage to particular moments and exchanges between characters. Opera performances — with their heightened artificiality — have required a rather different approach, in which the use of the overall stage remains of greater importance. Three New York Met broadcast operas are closely analysed to show emerging solutions to these challenges.
Bladder cancer cell-derived exosomes inhibit tumor cell apoptosis and induce cell proliferation in vitro (2013)

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by a variety of mammalian cells into the extracellular space and are involved in cell‑to‑cell signaling. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bladder cancer cell‑derived exosomes on the regulation of tumor cell viability and apoptosis, as well as the underlying molecular events. Exosomes were purified from the supernatants of human bladder cancer T24 cell cultures. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm their morphology and western blot analyses determined the protein content of cells. Subsequently, bladder cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations of exosomes. Tumor cell viability was shown to be reduced, as detected by the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Annexin V/flow cytometric assays showed that exosomes inhibited apoptosis of bladder cancer cell lines in a dose- and time‑dependent manner. Exosomes were demonstrated to upregulate the expression of Bcl‑2 and Cyclin D1 proteins, but reduce the levels of Bax and caspase‑3 proteins in these cells. Moreover, exosomes dose‑dependently increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt and extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase (ERK). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that bladder cancer cell‑derived exosomes inhibited tumor cell apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of Akt and ERK pathway genes, suggesting that tumor‑derived exosomes are involved in bladder cancer progression. Inhibition of exosome formation and release may therefore be a novel strategy in future treatment of bladder cancer.
A Study on the Plane Stress Problem of Composite Laminated Annular Elements Using Finite Difference Method (1997)

Composite materials are consist of two or more different materials to produce desirable properties for structural strength. Because of their superiority in strength, corrosion resistance, and weight reduction, they are used extensively as structural members. The objective of this study is to present the effectivness of the laminated composite elements by analyzing in-plane displacement and stress of the anisotropic laminated annular elements. Anisotropic laminated structures are very difficult to analyze and apply, compared with isotropic and orthotropic cases for arbitrary boundaries and fiber angle -ply. Boundary conditions for the examples used in this study consist of two opposite edges clamped and the other two edges free, and finite difference method is used in this study for numerical analysis. From the numerical result, it is found that the program used in this study can be used to obtain the displacement of the straight beams considering it's transverse shear deformation as well as anisotropic laminated elements. Several numerical examples show the advantages of the stiffness increase when the angle-ply composite materials are used. Therefore it gives a guide in deciding how to make use of fiber's angle for the subtended angle, load cases, and boundary conditions.
Noninvasive quantification of whole‐brain cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO<sub>2</sub>) by MRI (2009)

Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) is an important marker for brain function and brain health. Existing techniques for quantification of CMRO(2) with positron emission tomography (PET) or MRI involve special equipment and/or exogenous agents, and may not be suitable for routine clinical studies. In the present study, a noninvasive method is developed to estimate whole-brain CMRO(2) in humans. This method applies phase-contrast MRI for quantitative blood flow measurement and T(2)-relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI for venous oxygenation estimation, and uses the Fick principle of arteriovenous difference for the calculation of CMRO(2). Whole-brain averaged CMRO(2) values in young, healthy subjects were 132.1 +/- 20.0 micromol/100 g/min, in good agreement with literature reports using PET. Various acquisition strategies for phase-contrast and TRUST MRI were compared, and it was found that nongated phase-contrast and sagittal sinus (SS) TRUST MRI were able to provide the most efficient and accurate estimation of CMRO(2). In addition, blood flow and venous oxygenation were found to be positively correlated across subjects. Owing to the noninvasive nature of this method, it may be a convenient and useful approach for assessment of brain metabolism in brain disorders as well as under various physiologic conditions.
miR-143 Interferes with ERK5 Signaling, and Abrogates Prostate Cancer Progression in Mice (2009)

miR-143 is as a new target for prostate cancer treatment.
Random telegraph signals arising from fast interface states in metal-SiO2-Si transistors (1992)

Using fast sampling rates, we have been able to resolve random telegraph signals (RTSs) associated with trapping-detrapping of channel electrons by individual fast interface states in small metal-SiO2-Si transistors. Possible reasons why such fast RTSs have not been reported in the past are suggested. Some characteristics of the RTSs arising from fast interface states are presented and compared with those from the slow traps.
Item Response Theory and its Applications to Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement (2005)

This article provides an overview of item response theory (IRT) models and how they can be appropriately applied to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) measurement. Specifically, the following topics are discussed: (a) basics of IRT, (b) types of IRT models, (c) how IRT models have been applied to date, and (d) new directions in applying IRT to PRO measurements.
CD4+ Cell Count 6 Years after Commencement of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Persons with Sustained Virologic Suppression (2007)

Only patients with baseline CD4(+) cell counts >350 cells/microL returned to nearly normal CD4(+) cell counts after 6 years of follow-up. Significant increases were observed in all CD4(+) cell count strata during the first year, but there was a lower plateau CD4(+) cell count at lower baseline CD4(+) cell strata. These data suggest that waiting to start HAART at lower CD4(+) cell counts will result in the CD4(+) cell count not returning to normal levels.
Confectionery Gels: A Review on Formulation, Rheological and Structural Aspects (2009)

A confectionery gel (CG) consists of high sugar components of sucrose and glucose syrup, combined with gelling components such as starch, gelatin, or pectin, along with food acid, flavourings and colourings. Common CG products include "jelly snakes," "jelly babies," "jelly beans," and form a portion of the lucrative confectionery market; however, there are continual consumer demands for more interesting and innovative products that have new and exciting textures, flavors and appearances. Improving or modifying CG textures can meet these demands, but first an understanding of how the behaviour and structure of the gel is developed must be achieved. Companies that will gain a competitive advantage in the confectionery market will be those able to actively manipulate and control sensory properties to meet exacting customer demands. This paper is a review of literature available on confectionery gels, their components, and factors that may affect their microstructure, texture, and rheology.
Facile Micromolding-Based Fabrication of Biopolymeric–Synthetic Hydrogel Microspheres with Controlled Structures for Improved Protein Conjugation (2015)

Hydrogel microparticles with controlled structures have drawn attention in various biomedical applications, yet it remains challenging to fabricate such microparticles in a simple manner. We demonstrate facile fabrication of chemically functional and monodisperse hydrogel microspheres with controlled macroporous structures. Specifically, highly uniform poly(ethylene glycol)-based microspheres containing an aminopolysaccharide chitosan are fabricated in a simple micromolding technique utilizing surface tension-induced droplet formation followed by photoinduced polymerization. The as-prepared microspheres show macroporous and/or intriguing core–shell structures by polymerization-induced phase separation. Fluorescent labeling studies indicate stable incorporation of chitosan with retained chemical reactivity. The utility of the controlled macroporous structures in programmable biomacromolecular assembly is thoroughly examined with conjugation of model biomolecules via click chemistries.
NOREVA: normalization and evaluation of MS-based metabolomics data (2017)

Diverse forms of unwanted signal variations in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data adversely affect the accuracies of metabolic profiling. A variety of normalization methods have been developed for addressing this problem. However, their performances vary greatly and depend heavily on the nature of the studied data. Moreover, given the complexity of the actual data, it is not feasible to assess the performance of methods by single criterion. We therefore developed NOREVA to enable performance evaluation of various normalization methods from multiple perspectives. NOREVA integrated five well-established criteria (each with a distinct underlying theory) to ensure more comprehensive evaluation than any single criterion. It provided the most complete set of the available normalization methods, with unique features of removing overall unwanted variations based on quality control metabolites and allowing quality control samples based correction sequentially followed by data normalization. The originality of NOREVA and the reliability of its algorithms were extensively validated by case studies on five benchmark datasets. In sum, NOREVA is distinguished for its capability of identifying the well performed normalization method by taking multiple criteria into consideration and can be an indispensable complement to other available tools. NOREVA can be freely accessed at http://server.idrb.cqu.edu.cn/noreva/.
Anwendungen der Magnesiumderivate von Thioacrolein‐Dianionen zur Synthese schwefelfreier Verbindungen (Vinyl‐ und Divinylepoxide, Acylcyclopentene) (1979)

Abstract Die Magnesiumderivate des Thioacrolein‐Dianions ( lb ) und des doppelt deprotonierten Methallylmercaptans werden aus den entsprechenden Lithioverbindungen und Magnesiumbromid‐Etherat erhalten und reagieren mit normalen und α,β‐ungesättigten Aldehyden und Ketonen zu α ‐ 1,2‐Produkten 2 – 5 (nach der Methylierung), siehe Tab. 1 und 2. – Aus den Diastereomerengemischen 2 , 3 entstehen durch, S ‐Methylierung und Eliminierung E/Z ‐isomere Vinyl‐( 6 ) und Divinyloxirane ( 7 ). – Oxid‐Cope‐Umlagerung der Methylthio‐hexadienole 3, 5 mit Kaliumhydrid in THF oder THF/HMPT führt zu Thioenolethern 8 von 6‐Ketoaldehyden (s. Tab. 3 und 4). Durch die in Schema 1 gezeigten Versuche wird bewiesen, daß die Umlagerung konstitutions‐ und stereoselektiv verläuft, also nicht über äquilibrierende Dissoziation/Rekombination. – Über die Dicarbonylverbindungen 12 werden aus 8a – c die Cyclopentenylketone 14a – c hergestellt. Zur Hydrolyse von Thioenolethern wird ein zweistufiges Verfahren (Mercaptanaddition zum Thio‐acetal und dessen Hg II ‐Spaltung) empfohlen ( 8 → 13 → 12 ). – In Schema 2 ist die Syntheseäquivalenz des Organometallreagenz lb mit Allyliden und Propionaldehyd‐d 3 ‐Synthon als Zusammenfassung der hier beschriebenen Umsetzungen verdeutlicht.
Hardware acceleration for spatial selections and joins (2003)

Spatial database operations are typically performed in two steps. In the filtering step, indexes and the minimum bounding rectangles (MBRs) of the objects are used to quickly determine a set of candidate objects, and in the refinement step, the actual geometries of the objects are retrieved and compared to the query geometry or each other. Because of the complexity of the computational geometry algorithms involved, the CPU cost of the refinement step is usually the dominant cost of the operation for complex geometries such as polygons. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address this problem using efficient rendering and searching capabilities of modern graphics hardware. This approach does not require expensive pre-processing of the data or changes to existing storage and index structures, and it applies to both intersection and distance predicates. Our experiments with real world datasets show that by combining hardware and software methods, the overall computational cost can be reduced substantially for both spatial selections and joins.
Cocaine and Cocaethylene Binding in Human Serum (1995)

The binding of cocaine (COC) and cocaethylene (CE) in human serum was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Scatchard analysis suggested a high-affinity binder (Ka, 2.56 x 10(4)L/mol; Bo, 7.38 x 10(-5) mol/L) and a low-affinity binder (Ka, 4.47 x 10(3)L/mol; Bo, 2.77 x 10(-4) mol/L) for COC. Two high-affinity binders (Ka, 5.21 x 10(4) L/mol; Bo, 2.54 x 10(-5) mol/L; and Ka, 4.32 x 10(4) L/mol; Bo, 2.43 x 10(-5) mol/L) were discernible for CE. For both compounds additional, very-low-affinity, high-capacity (nonspecific) binding was also seen. Supplementation of serum with specific proteins suggested that the high-affinity binding was due to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, whereas the low-affinity binding was due to albumin, inasmuch as such supplementation increased the ratio of bound to free drug for both COC and CE.
Improved Method of Flame Photometry (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved Method of Flame PhotometryJ.W. Berry, D.G. Chappell, and R.B. BarnesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 1, 19–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/i560149a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views664Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (754 KB) Get e-Alerts
A multiple distributed representation method based on neural network for biomedical event extraction (2017)

Our distributed representation method for biomedical event extraction avoids the problems of semantic gap and dimension disaster from traditional one-hot representation methods. The promising results demonstrate that our proposed method is effective for biomedical event extraction.
Abstract TP262: Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Increases Microvascular Flow And Tissue Oxygenation In the Normal Rat Brain (2013)

Introduction: Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) treatment has been shown to improve wound healing through increased nitric oxide levels. Thus, we hypothesized that PEMF improves microvascular (MV) flow and tissue oxygenation in the brain. Methods: Using in-vivo 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) over the parietal cortex of the normal rat brain, we measured MV red blood cell (RBC) flow velocity, diameters (range 3 to 15 μm which includes arterioles and venules), and tissue oxygenation (NADH fluorescence) before, during 30 minutes PEMF treatment and for three hours thereafter (three sessions with 30 min intervals). Doppler flux (0.9 mm probe diameter), arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, and arterial blood gases were concurrently monitored. Results: Microvascular flow velocities and diameters increased after PEMF treatment. Average MV diameters (300 MV measured in each of six rats) increased from 9.1±1.8 μm before to 9.4±2.1 μm during PEMF treatment (n=6, p<0.05). Blood flow velocities also increased by 4.4±1.3 and 2.3±1.1 % during and after PEMF treatment respectively in comparison to baseline (p<0.05). PEMF treatment decreased NADH autofluorescence indicating better tissue oxygenation and increased blood supply (96.1±2.4 and 98.2±1.3 % during and after PEMF treatment, respectively, compared to the baseline, p<0.05). Laser Doppler flux averaged over a brain volume of 1 mm3 was unchanged before and during PEMF treatment. Conclusions: Thirty minutes of PEMF treatment induced MV dilation, increased RBC velocity and tissue oxygenation that persisted for 3 hours. Within the 3-hour period, however, MV diameters and RBC velocities gradually returned to baseline. Whether the effects observed are nitric oxide induced remains to be determined.
Optimal energy management of hybrid power system with two-scale dynamic programming (2011)

Hybrid power system (HPS) is the power system consists of renewable energy sources and traditional energy sources used together to increase system efficiency and reduce operation cost. Energy management is one of the main issues in operating the HPS, which needs to be optimized with respect to the current and future change in generation, demand, and market price, particularly for HPS with strong renewable penetration. Optimal energy management strategies such as dynamic programming (DP) may become significantly suboptimal under strong uncertainty in prediction of renewable generation and utility price. In order to reduce the impact of such uncertainties, a two-scale dynamic programming scheme is proposed in this study to optimize the operational benefit based on multi-scale prediction. The proposed idea is illustrated with a simple HPS which consists of wind turbine and battery storage with grid connection. The system is expected to satisfy certain load demand while minimizing the cost via peak-load shaving. First, a macro-scale dynamic programming (MASDP) is performed for the long term period, based on long term ahead prediction of hourly electricity price and wind energy (speed). The battery state-of-charge (SOC) is thus obtained as the macro-scale reference trajectory. The micro-scale dynamic programming (MISDP) is then applied with a short term interval, based on short term-hour ahead auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) prediction of hourly electricity price and wind energy. The nodal SOC values from the MASDP result are used as the terminal condition for the MISDP. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly decrease the operation cost, as compared with the single scale DP method.
Donor–Acceptor Shape Matching Drives Performance in Photovoltaics (2013)

Abstract While the demonstrated power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) now exceeds 10%, new design rules are required to tailor interfaces at the molecular level for optimal exciton dissociation and charge transport in higher efficiency devices. We show that molecular shape‐complementarity between donors and acceptors can drive performance in OPV devices. Using core hole clock (CHC) X‐ray spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT), we compare the electronic coupling, assembly, and charge transfer rates at the interface between C 60 acceptors and flat‐ or contorted‐hexabenzocorone (HBC) donors. The HBC donors have similar optoelectronic properties but differ in molecular contortion and shape matching to the fullerene acceptors. We show that shape‐complementarity drives self‐assembly of an intermixed morphology with a donor/acceptor (D/A) ball‐and‐socket interface, which enables faster electron transfer from HBC to C 60 . The supramolecular assembly and faster electron transfer rates in the shape complementary heterojunction lead to a larger active volume and enhanced exciton dissociation rate. This work provides fundamental mechanistic insights on the improved efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices that incorporate these concave/convex D/A materials.
Electron Transfer Dissociation of Milk Oligosaccharides (2011)

For structural identification of glycans, the classic collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra are dominated by product ions that derived from glycosidic cleavages, which provide only sequence information. The peaks from cross-ring fragmentation are often absent or have very low abundances in such spectra. Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is being applied to structural identification of carbohydrates for the first time, and results in some new and detailed information for glycan structural studies. A series of linear milk sugars was analyzed by a variety of fragmentation techniques such as MS/MS by CID and ETD, and MS(3) by sequential CID/CID, CID/ETD, and ETD/CID. In CID spectra, the detected peaks were mainly generated via glycosidic cleavages. By comparison, ETD generated various types of abundant cross-ring cleavage ions. These complementary cross-ring cleavages clarified the different linkage types and branching patterns of the representative milk sugar samples. The utilization of different MS(3) techniques made it possible to verify initial assignments and to detect the presence of multiple components in isobaric peaks. Fragment ion structures and pathways could be proposed to facilitate the interpretation of carbohydrate ETD spectra, and the main mechanisms were investigated. ETD should contribute substantially to confident structural analysis of a wide variety of oligosaccharides.
Optimization of multi-layer metal neural probe design (2012)

We present here a microfabrication process for multi-layer metal, multi-site, polymer-based neural probes. The process has been used to generate 1-, 2-, and 4-layer trace metal neural probes with highly uniform and reproducible electrode characteristics. Typically, increasing the number of metal layers is assumed to both reduce the width of the neural probes and minimize the injury and glial scarring caused at the implantation site. We show, however, that increasing the number of trace metal layers does not always result in the minimal probe cross-sectional area. A thorough design analysis reveals that the electrode size, along with other design parameters, have interacting effects on the probe cross-sectional area. Moreover, increasing the trace metal layers in the neural probes also increases the design and fabrication cost/time, as well as the likelihood of probe failure. Consequently, all of these factors must be considered when designing a multi-site, neural probe with the objective of minimizing tissue damage.
Guidelines on security and privacy in public cloud computing (2011)

NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by