gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Liver Damage (1996)

The liver is implicated in many processes, and its failure induces severe consequences for metabolism, immune response, detoxification and antimicrobial defenses. The mechanisms involved in liver injury are complex and interactive, and can be artificially separated as chemical and immune injuries. The biochemical mechanisms concern various chemicals that are detoxified in the liver via cytochrome P-450 and conjugation. Toxic metabolites may alter plasma membrane, mitochondria, intracellular ion homeostasis, or degratative enzyme activity. Immune mechanisms involve cell cooperation, and are mediated by cytokines, nitric oxide, and complement. Pathologic apoptosis is potentially an important mechanism of acute liver injury. Specific attention is paid here to the more frequent causes of acute liver failure: hypoxia/reoxygenation, liver congestion, acetaminophen poisoning, posttransplant acute liver rejection, severe sepsis, viral hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. Knowledge of the intimate mechanisms of liver injury at the cellular level may lead to adaptation of therapeutic strategies that will prevent end-stage liver failure.
SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 memory capacitor on Si with a silicon nitride buffer (1998)

We have made ferroelectric memory capacitors by depositing a SrBi2Ta2O9 thin film on a Si substrate separated by an ultrathin buffer layer of silicon nitride film. The hysteresis in the capacitance–voltage curves suggests a sizable memory window of 2 V with a programming voltage swing of ±7 V. The switching time is estimated to be on the order of nanosecond based on the results of a one-shot pulse experiment. The results from the fatigue test indicate a slight degradation of the memory window after 1011 switching cycles. These properties are encouraging for the development of ferroelectric memory transistors.
Update on opposition to death-with-dignity legislation. (1977)

<p>Spinor condensates have proven to be a rich area for probing many-body phenomena richer than that of an ultracold gas consisting of atoms restricted to a single spin state. In the strongly correlated regime, the physics controlling the possible novel phases of the condensate remains largely unexplored, and few-body aspects can play a central role in the properties and dynamics of the system through manifestations of Efimov physics. The present study solves the three-body problem for bosonic spinors using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation and characterizes the multiple families of Efimov states in spinor systems as well as their signatures in the scattering observables relevant for spinor condensates. These solutions exhibit a rich array of possible phenomena originating in universal few-body physics, which can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions for spinor condensates. The collisional aspects of atom-dimer spinor condensates are also analyzed, and effects are predicted that derive from Efimov physics.</p>
Adding run‐time checking to the portable C compiler (1992)

Abstract Run‐time checking of array subscripts and pointer bounds was added to the Portable C Compiler (PCC). Memory overwrite bugs are then caught as they happen instead of when the overwritten memory is used later in the program execution. The run‐time checking compiler is used both to find the true cause of a core dump and to eliminate run‐time errors as the cause of unexpected program behavior. On average, it takes about 40 percent longer to compile, the generated code is about three times larger, and it runs about ten times slower. This performance may seem slow, but it typically reduces days of debugging to less than an hour. The implementation described herein can be adapted to any C compiler as it describes how to generate run‐time checking code in a machine/compiler independent way by changing the intermediate expression trees. In four years of use it has found latent bugs and the cause of intermittent core dumps in programs used for many years by thousands of people.
Modeling and Simulation of Crush Natural Gas Turbo Engine (2009)

The development of Crush Natural Gas (CNG) Engine Control Unit (ECU) depends on expensive bench tests or traditional gasoline engine simulation software, which expand researching and developing period. A new approach is presented in this paper, in which a novelty CNG Turbo engine model based on Mean Value Model and Hardware In Loop (HIL) platform are included. The model acts as many roles e.g. simulation, embedded fault diagnosis and ECU test model which provide more accuracy and efficiency for development of ECU. The new HIL simulation policy is based on Matlab/Simulink, Real Time Workshop (RTW) and NI PXI board. The experiment results prove that it acquired quality Real-time response and accuracy, and economy budget.
Two New Bioactive Cyclic Peroxides from the Marine Sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo New Bioactive Cyclic Peroxides from the Marine Sponge Plakortis angulospiculatusSarath P. Gunasekera, Malika Gunasekera, Geewananda P. Gunawardana, Peter McCarthy, and Neal BurresCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1990, 53, 3, 669–674Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50069a021https://doi.org/10.1021/np50069a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides in a fibre loop (2007)

We report the generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs at a telecom band using two cascade periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides in a fibre loop. The phase of an entangled photon state was stabilized automatically in our setup. The average visibility was about 93.5 ± 2.6% for the entangled photon pairs after subtracting accidental coincidences in our measurement.
ARTMAP-FTR: a neural network for fusion target recognition with application to sonar classification (1998)

ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory) neural networks for fast, stable learning and prediction have been applied in a variety of areas. Applications include automatic mapping from satellite remote sensing data, machine tool monitoring, medical prediction, digital circuit design, chemical analysis, and robot vision. Supervised ART architectures, called ARTMAP systems, feature internal control mechanisms that create stable recognition categories of optimal size by maximizing code compression while minimizing predictive error in an on- line setting. Special-purpose requirements of various application domains have led to a number of ARTMAP variants, including fuzzy ARTMAP, ART-EMAP, ARTMAP-IC, Gaussian ARTMAP, and distributed ARTMAP. A new ARTMAP variant, called ARTMAP- FTR (fusion target recognition), has been developed for the problem of multi-ping sonar target classification. The development data set, which lists sonar returns from underwater objects, was provided by the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Coastal Systems Station (CSS), Dahlgren Division. The ARTMAP-FTR network has proven to be an effective tool for classifying objects from sonar returns. The system also provides a procedure for solving more general sensor fusion problems.
Timber as an RTOS for small embedded devices (2005)

... embedded systems is becoming increasingly complex. To be able to guarantee robustness and reliability, the underlying infrastructure should not be based upon ad hoc solutions. In this paper we identify three key features of a minimalistic Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), and presents the run-time system of Timber, a reactive deadlinedriven programming language. We scrutinize the functionalities of the run-time system in the light of real-time requirements, and emphasize the importance of integrating an adequate notion of time, both semantically in the programming interface as well as part of the run-time system.
Neurostimulation therapies for primary headache disorders (2012)

Neurostimulation therapies inaugurate a new era in headache management and offer a promising alternative to medications. Future studies are necessary to provide evidence-based efficacy data, knowledge on their mode of action and information about their pharmaco-economic advantages.
QoS based MAC protocol for the home network (2002)

The home network is one of the most important information infrastructures of the future. Among the home network solutions available, one promising technology is a HomePNA utilizing the phone line. However, it is not able to guarantee the QoS due to the adaptation of the mature IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD technology which is used for Ethernet. In light of this, we propose and evaluate a new MAC protocol for the home network called the HomeMAC that provides guaranteed QoS for appliances and PCs. HomeMAC features a hybrid CSMA/CD-timed token protocol which combines the CSMA/CD with timed token protocol and transmits real-tune traffic based on the QoS level table (QLT) for guaranteeing QoS. In the HomeMAC, there are two different transmission modes, namely, the CSMA/CD mode when there is no real-time traffic, and the timed token mode when there is real-time traffic taking place. By dynamically switching the transmission mode between CSMA/CD mode and timed token mode in accordance with the different kinds of traffic, the hybrid protocol provides low delay, low jitter, and low loss rate to multimedia appliances such as TVs, DVDs, and PCs. Moreover, by providing flexible bandwidth allocation based on QLT, the HomeMAC can serve high QoS whole covering entire offered load.
Electrocorticographic spectral changes associated with ipsilateral individual finger and whole hand movement (2008)

The study of the human sensorimotor (SM) cortex activations associated with hand motor movement is central to the design of efficient and clinically useful brain-computer interfaces. Whereas the electrocorticographic (ECoG) signatures of contralateral hand movement have been studied in detail, those of ipsilateral hand and individual finger movements have not been characterized. We studied the low (8-32 Hz) and high-frequency (76-100 Hz) SM cortical ECoG spectral changes associated with contralateral and ipsilateral whole hand and individual finger movement and assessed their discriminability. We find that ipsilateral movement is associated with widespread decreases in the low-frequency band (LFB) and more focal increases in the high-frequency band (HFB). The HFB component discriminates between ipsilateral and contralateral movement-associated activations, in contrast to the LFB. The HFB also discriminates between thumb and index finger movement-associated activations, for both the contralateral and the ipsilateral case, whereas the LFB does not. This is the first published report of a discriminable ipsilateral motor signal, with important implications in the use of brain-computer interfaces in hemiplegic patients.
Carbonate Selective Ca<sub>2</sub>Ru<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7−y</sub>Pyrochlore Enabling Room Temperature Carbonate Fuel Cells I. Synthesis and Physical Characterization (2011)

The electrochemical selectivity of a Ca2Ru2O7−y pyrochlore catalyst towards carbonate formation was investigated and compared to platinum. During constant current operation, an increase in CO2 content was observed at the anode effluent when Ca2Ru2O7−y was used as the cathode catalyst, compared to Pt/C. Carbonate selectivity for Pt/C was 1.78, while for Ca2Ru2O7−y it was 7.33, a 4.1X increase, which confirmed the preferential formation of carbonate on the pyrochlore. This elevated selectivity was attributed to the high surface basicity of the pyrochlore catalyst, which led to preferential CO2adsorption. During constant voltage operation, a 134% CO2 concentration increase was measured at the anode effluent when 10% CO2 was supplied to the cathode inlet. Optimal fuel cell performance on the carbonate cycle was obtained with a 90% O2/ 10% CO2 cathode concentration, where maximum currents where 4X compared to operation with no CO2. Higher CO2concentrations were matched with a gradual decrease in performance. This was attributed to a relatively low electrochemical activity, which combined with high surface basicity, led to O2 site blocking. Thin-film electrode experiments showed excellent electrochemical stability on the oxygen reduction region. An increase in the current and a positive shift in the half-wave potential were observed when CO2 was added to the electrolyte in ex-situ three electrode experiments.
An Analysis of Predicted Wellbore Trajectory Using a Three-Dimensional Model of a Bottomhole Assembly With Bent Sub, Bent Housing, and Eccentric Contact Capabilities (1989)

ABSTRACT Bent subs and bent housing motors are one of the most important class of tools available to aid drilling engineers in deviation and directional control of wellbores. Even though such tools may spend very little actual time drilling a hole, the quality of their performance often determines the difference between success or failure of a well as far as execution of the trajectory plan (or design) of the well is concerned. Despite the importance of bent subs and bent housing motors to the drilling community, the previous lack of available rigorous analytical models has assured that the design and selection of these tools remain confined to the realm of experience. Recently, however, a sophisticated numerical algorithm has been developed by the authors which implements the Finite Element Method in modeling the nonlinear behavior of steerable bottomhole assemblies containing motors with multiple bends, bent subs, bent housing motors, steering tools, eccentric contact stabilizers, and wear pads (kick pads). First, this paper provides a brief description of the steerable bottomhole assembly analysis software model. Second, this paper presents a variety of applications of the model in field drilling situations to demonstrate the model's ability to (i) accurately predict the actual response in these field cases, and to (ii) permit a drilling engineer to isolate the pertinent downhole structural mechanism operable during a given wellbore trajectory deflection scenario.
Electrophysiological study on biphasic firing activity elicited by D(1) agonistic-D(2) antagonistic action of (-)-stepholidine in nucleus accumbens. (2000)

Our previous work has demonstrated that (-)-stepholidine (SPD) has dual action, ie D(1) agonistic-D(2) antagonistic action on DA receptors in the nigra-striatal dopamine (DA) system. The present study attempted to ascertain its dual action on the mesolimbic DA system. The firing activities of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons were extracellularly recorded with intravenous and iontophoretic administration of the drug in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned and intact rats. The results showed that SPD produced a consistently biphasic firing of NAc neurons during the cumulative doses of 0.02 2 mg/kg, iv. When the rats were pretreated with D(2) antagonist spiperone, SPD only exerted an increasing effect, which was subsequently reversed by the D(1) antagonist SCH-23390. Moreover, SCH-23390 could prevent the rate of increase elicited by SPD at high doses, presumably due to the D(1) agonistic action of SPD on the activity of NAc neuron. On the other hand, the inhibition of NAc firing elicited by either D(2) agonist LY171555 or D(1)/D(2) agonists apomorphine was completely reversed by SPD, suggesting an antagonistic action of SPD to D(2) receptors. In 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, iontophoresis of SPD also had an inhibitory effect in the majority of NAc neurons (91%) as SKF-38393 did. This inhibition could be completely blocked by the ejection of SCH-23390, but not by spiperone. These results indicate that SPD also has a D(1) agonistic-D(2) antagonistic dual action on NAc neuron activity, which may be beneficial to the treatment of schizophrenia.
A 15 b 30 kHz bandpass sigma-delta modulator (1993)

The authors introduce a bandpass architecture and implementation that achieves 15-b dynamic range over a 30-kHz bandwidth centered at 1.8 MHz using 7.2-MHz sampling frequency and operating on a single 5-V supply. A z-domain representation of the fourth-order bandpass modulator is shown. It is made up of bandpass filters with infinite Qs as opposed to integrators used in lowpass modulators. A/D (analog-to-digital) converter performance is evaluated by applying a 1.8-MHz sinewave, windowing the one-bit digital output with a Dolph-Chebyshev window, and performing a 65536-point FFT (fast Fourier transform).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Machinability of some dentin simulating materials. (1985)

Machinability in low speed drilling was investigated for pure aluminium, Frasaco teeth, ivory, plexiglass and human dentin. The investigation was performed in order to find a suitable test material for drilling experiments using paralleling instruments. A material simulating human dentin in terms of cuttability at low drilling speeds was sought. Tests were performed using a specially designed apparatus. Holes to a depth of 2 mm were drilled with a twist drill using a constant feeding force. The time required was registered. The machinability of the materials tested was determined by direct comparison of the drilling times. As regards cuttability, first aluminium and then ivory were found to resemble human dentin most closely. By comparing drilling time variances the homogeneity of the materials tested was estimated. Aluminium, Frasaco teeth and plexiglass demonstrated better homogeneity than ivory and human dentin.
Superhydrophilic–superoleophobic coatings (2012)

A novel superhydrophilic and superoleophobic nanocomposite coating is fabricated by spray casting nanoparticle–polymer suspensions on various substrates. Water droplets can spread over the coating completely; meanwhile, oil droplets can roll off the coating at low tilt angles without any penetration. Besides overcoming oil-fouling problems for the hydrophilic coating, the superhydrophilic–superoleophobic coating applied to the stainless steel mesh can be used for the separation of oil and water.
Hypotensive effect of labetalol on intraocular pressure in rabbits: in relation to its alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking action on the cardiovascular system. (1981)

Rabbits anesthetized with urethane were used. Labetalol was found to be about 3.7 times less potent than phentolamine in blocking phenylephrine-induced vasopressor response, and about 7.6 times less potent than propranolol in blocking isoproterenol-induced vasodepressor response. Labetalol (0.3, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased both intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) significantly, and also decreased IOP/BP ratio. Propranolol (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced both IOP and BP slightly without affecting the IOP/BP ratio. Phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced both IOP and BP significantly, but it did not alter the IOP/BP ratio. When both propranolol (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) were injected at the same time, IOP and BP were reduced with a decrease in IOP/BP ratio. These findings suggest that labetalol is effective in decreasing the IOP, although the mechanism of the drug action cannot be explained simply by alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade.
Applications of Holography in Fluid Mechanics and Particle Dynamics (2009)

The quantification of three-dimensional (3D) flow structures and particle dynamics is crucial for unveiling complex interactions in turbulent flows. This review summarizes recent advances in volumetric particle detection and 3D flow velocimetry involving holography. We introduce the fundamental principle of holography and discuss the debilitating depth-of-focus problem, along with methods that have been implemented to circumvent it. The focus of this review is on recent advances in the development of in-line digital holography in general, and digital holographic microscopy in particular. A mathematical background for the numerical reconstruction of digital holograms is followed by a summary of recently introduced 3D particle tracking and velocity measurement techniques. The review concludes with sample applications, including 3D velocity measurements that fully resolve the flow in the inner part of a turbulent boundary layer, the diffusion of oil droplets in high–Reynolds number turbulence, and predator-prey interactions among swimming microorganisms in dense suspensions, as well as oceanic and atmospheric field experiments.
Percutaneous Abscess Drainage: Update (2001)

During the approximately 20 years that percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) has been an extant procedure and as the millennium begins, PAD has become, by consensus, the treatment of choice for abscesses. Indications for PAD continue to expand, and currently almost all abscesses are considered amenable. On occasion, PAD is an adjunctive procedure that provides a beneficial temporizing effect for the surgeon who eventually must operate for a coexisting problem such as a bowel leak. Simple unilocular abscesses are cured almost uniformly by PAD; more complicated abscesses, such as those with enteric fistulas (e.g., diverticular abscess) or pancreatic abscesses, have cure rates ranging from 65% to 90%. Various catheters and insertion techniques have proven effective. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy are the staple modalities that guide PAD. PAD is the prototype interventional radiology procedure, providing detection of the abscess by imaging, needling for diagnosis, and catheterization for therapy.