gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directive on odour in ambient air: an established system of odour measurement and odour regulation in Germany (2001)

The legal basis for any requirement with respect to ambient air quality is the German Federal Protection Act for Ambient Air. According to article 3 Federal Protection Act all odours caused by plants are defined as an annoyance. The problem is to find out whether an annoyance has to be considered as a significant disturbance. In the Directive on Odour in Ambient Air a complete system is designed, beginning with measurement methods and concluding with ambient air quality requirements. In the following paper the tenor of the Directive on Odour is presented, some main aspects of more than five years of practical experience will be shown and a perspective on some future investigations and developments will be given. As a conclusion it is pointed out that in practice, the Directive on Odours has been successful. Both methods, field measurements with panels and dispersion modelling, are generally qualified for the determination of odour loads. The restriction of odour loads by limit values expressed as odour frequency per year for certain areas has been established in a lot of cases.
Computation reduction of decision feedback equalizer using interpolation for land mobile communications (2002)

The author proposes a computation reduction method of the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) to simplify the receiver for high-bit-rate transmission in land mobile radio communications. In the proposed method, the initial acquisition process is carried out at both the preamble and the postamble of each burst. With these processes, the optimum tap gain vectors h/sub pra/ and h/sub poa/ are obtained at the end of the preamble and postamble using conventional RLS algorithms. The optimum tap gain at the kth data symbol h(k) is estimated by linearly interpolating h/sub pra/ and h/sub poa/. Computer simulation confirms that the transmission performance of the proposed method is almost equal to that of the conventional DFE with 1/7 the computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation of TiN on Si and SiO2 by rapid processing using a large area electron beam (1987)

Rapid nitridation of Ti film evaporated on a Si and SiO2/Si wafer using a large area electron beam has been described. A predominant enhanced processing of an e-beam should be considered. The film structure of the sample processed by an e-beam has been characterized by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, after rapid processing. Identification of the chemical composition of the film was performed with x-ray diffraction. The minimum sheet resistance of TiN was about 0.6 and 14.2 Ω/⧠ for Si and SiO2/Si substrate, respectively. A ratio of 0.96%±5% (N/Ti), the stoichiometric composition of the sample characterized by RBS, has been obtained.
Participatory Mobile Media Projects as Academic Practice (2014)

Participatory media projects are a burgeoning ground of academic, activist, artistic, and educational activity. Using networked mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets to enable media production and dissemination through social media, people are producing and publishing media about any conceivable subject. Media producers and academics engaging in these practices are actively intervening in social processes and relationships, and a new range of obligations may arise from that intervention. Research from various social science disciplines about participatory projects may help us think through various ethical and political issues surrounding these practices. However, media academics require not only a different skill set, but also a different approach to media research. To date, academic approaches to such practices have often been driven by technological innovation rather than a consideration of social and communal creative practice. This introductory paper introduces various ethical and practical issues, and ponders the ability of the research community to adapt to the new techno-social paradigms. Some of these conundrums are discussed in relation to a small project that the author has been involved with. I briefly outline a research strategy based on Participatory Action Research (PAR), called Participatory Media Research (PMR), as a way to conceptualize these engaged media projects as research.
TECHNICAL NOTE Applications of the normal-incidence rotating-sample ellipsometer to high- and low-spatial-frequency gratings (1996)

The normal-incidence rotating-sample ellipsometer is an instrument that can be used to characterize grating surfaces from the measured ratio ρof complex reflection coefficients r(y)/r(x) of light polarized perpendicular and parallel to the grating groove direction. Experimental results at different wavelengths for different gratings with spatial frequencies from 150 to 5880 grooves/mm are presented. The groove depth of the 5880-grooves/mm gold-coated grating can be estimated from the measured ρ and rigorous grating theory.
Th2-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the murine IL-13 and IL-4 intergenic region. (1998)

IL-4 and IL-13 are cytokines preferentially produced by Th2 cells, and their genes are located in close proximity on human chromosome 5 and mouse chromosome 11. To identify potential regulatory elements that confer Th2-specific expression of IL-4 and IL-13 genes, we constructed a physical map of the IL-13/IL-4 locus and conducted DNase I-hypersensitive (DH) site analysis using Th clones and in vitro-differentiated effector Th cells obtained from TCR transgenic mice. Three DH sites, HSS1, HSS2 and HSS3, were identified within the intergenic region between IL-13 and IL-4 genes. HSS3 was observed both in Th1 and Th2 cells as well as CD4+ naive T cells, while HSS1 and HSS2 were detected exclusively in Th2 cells. The correlation between differentiation into Th2 subtype and the appearance of HSS1 and HSS2 suggests that these regions may play a role in subtype-specific expression of the IL-13/IL-4 locus.
Forensic databases: benefits and ethical and social costs (2007)

It should not be assumed that the benefits of forensic databases will necessarily override the social and ethical costs, regardless of changes to the criteria for inclusion or the permitted uses of samples and profiles. The expansion of forensic databases raises issues of relevance to the medical profession.
Design and Implementation of an SVG Editor for Power System (2012)

It is the fundamental requirement for power system graphical editor to be able to draw rapidly, precisely and allocate corresponding configuration parameters for the power components and reserve operation interface. Element of this editor uses the SVG format and defines metadata tags based on the CIM specification carrying metadata in the SVG document which makes the graphics and data can be linked to a unified canonical form. The editor achieves the purpose as follows: editing, storing, and exporting a wiring diagram; importing a wiring diagram from other systems; automatically extracting and storing layers and elements in the importing process; creating and maintaining the user-defined primitive library or layer library and binding associated data. This SVG graphics editor for power system has met the functional requirements of the user and has been applied in several practical projects.
Viscosity Prediction for Solvent-Diluted Live Bitumen and Heavy Oil at Temperatures Up to 175-deg-C (2013)

Summary Accurate predictions of heavy-oil and bitumen viscosity as a function oftemperature, pressure, and composition are required for the design of thermaland solvent-based recovery methods. In this case study, the applicability ofthe recently developed Expanded Fluid (EF) viscosity model is tested onmeasured viscosities of diluted dead and live heavy oil and bitumen attemperatures from 20 to 175°C and pressures up to 10 MPa. Density and viscositydata were collected for a condensate solvent, dead (gas-free) bitumen, and deadheavy oil from western Canada, and for the corresponding live oils and dilutedmixtures of the dead and live oils with condensate solvent. Solubility,density, and viscosity data for heavy oil saturated with carbon dioxide(CO2) were obtained from the literature. The model was fitted to thedata of the dead oils and the condensate with average relative deviations lessthan 11%. The viscosity of the live bitumen and heavy oil was then predicted towithin 21 and 31% of the measured value on the basis of measured and calculatedlive-oil densities, respectively. Diluting the live and dead bitumen with 3 to30 wt% condensate or carbon dioxide reduced the viscosity by one to threeorders of magnitude, and the viscosities were predicted with an averagerelative deviation less than 16 and 24% on the basis of measured and calculatedmixture densities, respectively.
Effect of a New Immunosuppressive Agent, Fty720, on Survival of Islet Allografts (1998)

A newly developed immunosuppressant, FTY720, has a unique mechanism that is quite different from those of conventional immunosuppressants, and is presumed to be mediated through decreases in the number of peripheral lymphocytes, especially helper T cells. This study was performed to ascertain whether this innovative drug could prolong islet allograft survival. The donors were inbred Lewis rats and the recipients were ACI rats rendered hyperglycemic with intravenous streptozotocin. In the study group, FTY720 dissolved in distilled water was orally administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg to the recipient ACI rats 1 day before and on the day of grafting. In the control group, only distilled water was orally administered to the recipient ACI rats on the day before and the day of grafting. Two thousand islets were transplanted into the portal vein of the recipient rats in the study and control groups immediately after isolation. The graft survival time in the study group was significantly longer than that in the control group, indicating that FTY720 retains a potent effect on the prolongation of islet allograft survival. FTY720 could become a useful immunosuppressant for future clinical islet allotransplantation.
Enhanced Transduction and Replication of RGD-Fiber Modified Adenovirus in Primary T Cells (2011)

Collectively, our results prove that a fiber modified Ad-RGD successfully transduces and replicates in primary T cells of both murine and human origin.
Fast Identification of Biological Pathways Associated with a Quantitative Trait Using Group Lasso with Overlaps (2012)

Where causal SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) tend to accumulate within biological pathways, the incorporation of prior pathways information into a statistical model is expected to increase the power to detect true associations in a genetic association study. Most existing pathways-based methods rely on marginal SNP statistics and do not fully exploit the dependence patterns among SNPs within pathways.We use a sparse regression model, with SNPs grouped into pathways, to identify causal pathways associated with a quantitative trait. Notable features of our "pathways group lasso with adaptive weights" (P-GLAW) algorithm include the incorporation of all pathways in a single regression model, an adaptive pathway weighting procedure that accounts for factors biasing pathway selection, and the use of a bootstrap sampling procedure for the ranking of important pathways. P-GLAW takes account of the presence of overlapping pathways and uses a novel combination of techniques to optimise model estimation, making it fast to run, even on whole genome datasets.In a comparison study with an alternative pathways method based on univariate SNP statistics, our method demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of important pathways, showing the greatest relative gains in performance where marginal SNP effect sizes are small.
Cloning of multiple copies of immunoglobulin variable kappa genes in cosmid vectors (1981)

The possibility of cloning large segments of DNA in cosmid vectors offers distinct advantages, in particular for the study of multigene families. Large size fragments of mouse embryo DNA were successfully cloned in the cosmid pHC 79. Twelve recombinants hybridizing specifically to an immunoglobulin kappa chain variable region probe were identified. In 9 of these recombinants, the size of the insert ranges from 30 to 43 kilobases. Factors affecting the cloning efficiency of a complex mammalian genome in cosmids were studied. The stability of these recombinant cosmids and the preparation of recombinant cosmid DNA are also discussed.
High performance quantum well intermixed superluminescent diodes (2004)

A broad spectral width superluminescent diode emitting at 1500 nm has been fabricated using post-growth quantum well intermixing. The one-step impurity induced quantum well intermixing technique incorporating ion implantation through a graded-thickness implant mask pattern is utilized here. By thermally diffusing the vacancies through the structure to the QW region, we can obtain a differential bandgap energy shift across the wafer by an amount directly related to the implant mask thickness. We use this effect to broaden the spectral width of the superluminescent diode. Output powers exceeding 1.5 mW and spectral modulation better than 0.2 dB have been achieved. The superluminescent diode is able to operate up to 85 °C showing good uncooled operation. The true inherent superluminescent mode operation of the superluminescent diode with full-width half maximum of spectrum increasing along with the increment of the current injection is also discussed. Accelerated ageing at continuous constant current has been carried out at 70 °C, 85 °C and 100 °C. The life test shows a very positive result, demonstrating that this quantum well intermixing technique is reliable for fabricating active devices.
Lamellar and interlamellar structure in melt‐crystallized polyethylene. II. Lamellar spacing, interlamellar thickness, interlamellar density, and stacking disorder (1971)

Abstract Measurements of the small‐angle scattering power and the degree of crystallinity in melt‐crystallized high‐density polyethylene have been used to evaluate the “amorphous” density in situ by the relation, where V is the irradiated volume and ḡ( S ) is the “slit‐smeared” absolute intensity. The amorphous density is a function of sample history and is always higher than the extrapolated melt density. After slit‐height correction, and within the experimental error, the ratio of the two observed long periods is 2:1 at all temperatures (25‐‐126°C). The lamellar thickness and the average interlamellar spacing are obtained from the degree of crystallinity and the first corrected long period. At increasing temperatures between 25°C and 110°C, the lamellae become thinner while the interlamellar zone expands by almost half. Over this range the changes are reversible with temperature. Above 110°C, both the lamellae and the interlamellar region expand with temperature. The thickening is partially reversible upon recooling. Other results obtained include measurements of stacking disorder and of microstructural changes with crystallization temperature and with time at ambient temperature.
Antiseptic and aseptic prophylaxis for burns: use of silver nitrate and of isolators. (1966)

Local applications of neomycin, chlorhexidine, and polymyxin have been shown in controlled trials to protect burns against colonization by various pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (Cason and Lowbury, 1960; Lowbury, Miller, Cason, and Jackson, 1962b) ; earlier studies had shown the effectiveness of polymyxin cream in prophylaxis against Ps. aeruginosa (Jackson, Lowbury, and Topley, 1951). Though clinically useful, these prophylactic effects were limited, especially in the more extensive burns, and the emergence of neomycin-resistant Staph. aureus reduced their value (Lowbury, Babb, Brown, and Collins, 1964). The search for more effective methods was therefore continued.
Topical zinc oxide treatment improves arterial and venous leg ulcers (1984)

We performed a randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of locally applied zinc oxide on the healing of leg ulcers. Thirty-seven geriatric patients, nineteen with arterial and eighteen with venous leg ulcers, were treated either with a gauze compress medicated with zinc oxide (400 micrograms ZnO/cm2) or with an identical compress without zinc oxide. The treatment was assessed from ulcer size measurements and the presence or absence of granulation and ulcer debridement over a period of 8 weeks. The zinc-treated patients (83% success rate) responded significantly better (P less than 0.05) than the placebo-treated patients (42% success rate). The results suggest that healing of leg ulcers is improved after the addition of zinc oxide to the local regimen.
Moulded Pulp Manufacturing: Overview and Prospects for the Process Technology (2017)

Eco‐friendly packaging such as moulded pulp products have gained commercial importance in the recent years. However, it remains a greatly under‐researched area, and there is an arising need to consolidate the best practices from research and industry in order to increase its implementation. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the main aspects involved in the manufacture of moulded pulp products. This includes a classification of moulded pulp products, historical and current applications, production processes, materials, mechanical properties and environmental sustainability. Moreover, based on the latest research in the field, an innovative drying technique that utilizes concepts derived from impulse drying is presented, and the implementation of this process technology is discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the principal aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct formed in vivo in rat liver. (1978)

The products of in vivo covalent binding of activated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to DNA have been investigated in rats. The principal covalent product formed in liver DNA of rats treated with AFB1 has been identified as 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxy-aflatoxin B1. This compound was isolated from the liver DNA of rats dosed with AFB1 (2.0 mg/kg) in sufficient quantity for characterization by physicochemical techniques, including field-desorption mass spectrometry. This information together with results of chemical methylation of the compound proved that the major adduct formed between DNA and AFB1 in vivo is identical to that produced in vitro when AFB1 is incubated with DNA in the presence of a rat liver microsomal activating system. Quantitative studies of formation of this compound revealed a dose-dependent relationship between the level of its occurence in liver DNA and AFB1 doses over the range 0.125-1.0 mg/kg.
Si/Ge Junctions Formed by Nanomembrane Bonding (2011)

We demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating heterojunctions of semiconductors with high mismatches in lattice constant and coefficient of thermal expansion by employing nanomembrane bonding. We investigate the structure of and electrical transport across the interface of a Si/Ge bilayer formed by direct, low-temperature hydrophobic bonding of a 200 nm thick monocrystalline Si(001) membrane to a bulk Ge(001) wafer. The membrane bond has an extremely high quality, with an interfacial region of ∼1 nm. No fracture or delamination is observed for temperature changes greater than 350 °C, despite the approximately 2:1 ratio of thermal-expansion coefficients. Both the Si and the Ge maintain a high degree of crystallinity. The junction is highly conductive. The nonlinear transport behavior is fit with a tunneling model, and the bonding behavior is explained with nanomembrane mechanics.
Circulating tumor cell composition and outcome in patients with solid tumors (2013)

Correspondence to Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. habil. Andreas-C. Hoffmann Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Risk-Profile Evaluation (MORE), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrase 55, 45147 Essen, Germany hoffmann@ more-oncology.com
N-Heterocyclic Pincer Dicarbene Complexes of Iron(II):  C-2 and C-5 Metalated Carbenes on the Same Metal Center (2003)

Six- and five-coordinate Fe(II) complexes with the pincer ligand 2,6-bis(imidazolylidene)pyridine (C−N−C), [(C−N−C)Fe(MeCN)3][BPh4]2 and [(C−N−C)FeBr2], respectively, were synthesized. Substitution of tmeda in [FeCl2(tmeda)]2 by C−N−C gave the six-coordinate {[Fe(C−N−C)(C−N−C*)][FeCl4]}, in which one of the pincer ligands is bound to the metal via the 2- and 5-imidazole carbons.
shu ju ku yuan li yu ying yong ke cheng jiao xue fang fa de tan tao (2007)

《数据库原理与应用》课程是计算机专业的专业必修课程,也是非计算机专业通过国家级、省级计算机等级考试二级的必修课程.通过该课程的学习,使学生在数据库软件开发的过程中能够选择合适的开发平台.正确地、合理地进行数据库设计,从而提高软件开发的整体质量.大力加强数据库技术课程的教学改革,提高该类课程的教学质量,有利于教学改革和教育创新,有利于提高人才培养质量的提高.
A 120V-to-1.8V 91.5%-Efficient 36-W Dual-Inductor Hybrid Converter with Natural Soft-charging Operations for Direct Extreme Conversion Ratios (2018)

This paper presents a new dual inductor hybrid converter (DIHC) that is capable of efficient direct non-isolated DC-DC conversions with extremely large voltage conversion ratios. The converter employs two interleaved inductors and a switched-capacitor (SC) network to bring several significant topological benefits. Capacitance of the flying capacitors of this new topology can be optimally sized to achieve natural, complete soft-charging for all capacitors. This novel capacitor soft-charging feature is a key contribution of this work and can be exploited to overcome the limitations of conventional SC converters suffering from capacitor hard charging losses. The converter topology and its operation are verified in an 36-W converter prototype for 40-120V input to 0.9V-1.8V output up to 20A of current load that achieves peak efficiencies of 91.5% for 120V-to-1.8V and 87.3% for 120V-to-0.9V conversion. Its advantages and performance at extreme conversion ratios push the limit of point-of-load converters, reducing complexity and cost for bus voltage distributions, as well as enabling fewer conversion stages and thus higher efficiency for data centers and high-performance digital systems.