gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Interfacial-gel copolymerization technique tor steric gradientindex polymer optical circuits and lens arrays (1987)

In optical fiber communication and optical circuit systems, a lot of components such as branching and star couplers have been reported.1-3 Almost all these are limited to planar structures and are of the step-index type. Considering low loss and highly dense integrated circuits, steric gradient-index (GRIN) waveguides are expected. Up to now. however, such an optical waveguide has not been obtained because of limited manufacturing processes. We propose a new interfacial-gel copolymerization technique for steric GRIN optical-circuit elements and lens arrays with polymer materials, we believe for the first time.
Analyzing Human Behavior Using Case-Based Reasoning with the Help of Forensic Questions (2010)

Whether programs are called data loss prevention, content monitoring and filtering, employee activity monitoring, counter corruption, insider trading, or fraud detection, organizations have increasingly implemented projects and initiatives to examine and address insider threats. Insider-perpetrated computer crime is committed by individuals who have permission to use a system, and it is, therefore, based on the actions of trusted users. Most information walks out the front door, not through the firewall. This paper presents a theoretical model for analyzing human behavior according to an organization's compliance with legal, institutional, and organizational laws. The theory uses case-based reasoning (CBR) technologies in conjunction with directed acyclic graphs (DAG) and a Hamming similarity function. Defined paths and path deviations in the graphs can be classified to answer automated questions(W7) regarding compliance. The procedure for this model is borrowed from criminology and is referred to as compliance profiling.
[The value and safety of disodium chromoglycate in asthma]. (1975)

Disodium cromoglycate has been shown experimentally and by clinical trials to be a useful addition to available treatment for asthma. Follow jp studies have shown no loss of effect with continuous use. Bronchodilators and steroid treatment is used less, resulting in benefits in the overall safety of treatment. Studies of patients treated for more than three years continuously have failed to show evidence of toxic effects. The greatest dangers associated with cromoglycate are failure of some patients to continue treatment as instructed and the possibility of temporary loss of effect during acute attacks of asthma when no inhaled treatment can be effective and systemic treatment is essential. The method of action of disodium cromoglycate is the stabilisation of mast cells resulting in a less ready release of mediator substances, thus causing a reduced asthmatic response. This protective effect could not be obtained after challenge, but it is present if the drug was inhaled prior to challenge. Disodium cromoglycate has been shown experimentally and by clinical trials to be a useful addition to available treatment for asthma. Follow up studies have shown no loss of effect with continuous use. Bronchodilators and steroid treatment is used less, resulting in benefits in the overall safety of treatment. Studies of patients treated for more than three years continuously have failed to show evidence of toxic effects. The greatest dangers associated with cromoglycate are failure of some patients to continue treatment as instructed and the possibility of temporary loss of effect during acute attacks of asthma when no inhaled treatment can be effective and systemic treatment is essential. A study carried out on 242 children showed that 65% clearly benefited from cromoglycate and 57 out of 96 who were on continuous steroid therapy were able to discontinue the steroid treatment. Recently, 998 patients treated with cromoglycate were reviewed for evidence of toxic effects. The most serious side effects observed were hoarse voice due to larynx irritation caused by the inhaled powder, clearing up after discontinuation of the drug. Severe cases of asthma controlled with cromoglycate or any toher inhaled therapy may experience relapses, which could be managed by a prompt systemic treatment.
Maternal Diet-Induced Obesity Alters Mitochondrial Activity and Redox Status in Mouse Oocytes and Zygotes (2010)

The negative impact of obesity on reproductive success is well documented but the stages at which development of the conceptus is compromised and the mechanisms responsible for the developmental failure still remain unclear. Recent findings suggest that mitochondria may be a contributing factor. However to date no studies have directly addressed the consequences of maternal obesity on mitochondria in early embryogenesis.Using an established murine model of maternal diet induced obesity and a live cell dynamic fluorescence imaging techniques coupled with molecular biology we have investigated the underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced reduced fertility. Our study is the first to show that maternal obesity prior to conception is associated with altered mitochondria in mouse oocytes and zygotes. Specifically, maternal diet-induced obesity in mice led to an increase in mitochondrial potential, mitochondrial DNA content and biogenesis. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was raised while glutathione was depleted and the redox state became more oxidised, suggestive of oxidative stress. These altered mitochondrial properties were associated with significant developmental impairment as shown by the increased number of obese mothers who failed to support blastocyst formation compared to lean dams. We propose that compromised oocyte and early embryo mitochondrial metabolism, resulting from excessive nutrient exposure prior to and during conception, may underlie poor reproductive outcomes frequently reported in obese women.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the major crustacean allergen, tropomyosin, in food (2006)

Abstract Shellfish are a common cause of food reactions in hypersensitive individuals and are among the eight foods that account for over 90% of food allergies. At present, the only way to prevent these serious consequences of food allergies is to avoid the foods that trigger the reactions. A sandwich-ELISA kit has been developed for the detection of crustacean meat in food, based on the major heat-stable shellfish allergen, tropomyosin. Tropomyosin was purified from whole prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus) and used to immunize rabbits after confirming its identity by MALDI-TOF MS. A sandwich-ELISA based on the rabbit antibodies takes less than 2 h to perform, including the food extraction, and has a detection limit of 1 ppm crustacean (prawn, lobster), without detectable cross-reactivity with fish or mammalian meat.
Pharmacology of Bismuth-Containing Compounds (1991)

Bismuth compounds have been used for more than two centuries. A review of the modes of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of two commonly used compounds, colloidal bismuth subcitrate and bismuth subsalicylate, is presented. In humans bismuth toxicity is unlikely when therapeutic doses of these compounds are administered for the appropriate duration. The recent use of bismuth compounds to eradicate infection with Helicobacter pylori and to prevent travelers' diarrhea has resulted in scientific reevaluation of these agents.
A study on medium voltage power conversion system for plasma torch (2008)

This paper investigates the medium voltage power conversion system for plasma torch application. The plasma torch rated for 3MW, 2kA and having the physical size of 1 m long is selected. The dynamic characteristics of the DC arc in plasma torch are investigated using advanced 3D magneto-hydrodynamics simulation. The parameters of Cassie-Mayr arc model are calculated based on 3D simulation. Two-phase staggered series connected 3-level dc/dc converters is proposed to be a suitable power converter topology. Simulation shows that the ripple of arc current can be maintained within plusmn11.5% of its rated value, 460A under the existence of load disturbance of plusmn10% in arc voltage. This power converter topology provides high ignition voltage around 5kV during ignition phase and high arc stability under the existence of intrinsic arc disturbance noise.
Audio-visual sensor fusion system for intelligent sound sensing (2002)

An intelligent sensing system is proposed, which extracts a target sound signal autonomously from multi-microphone signals corrupted by interference ambient noise. Although many types of intelligent signal receivers with multiple sensors have been proposed recently, the use of audio-visual sensor fusion techniques is a special feature of the system described here. This sensor fusion system can be divided into two subsystems: an audio subsystem and a visual subsystem. The audio subsystem extracts a target signal with a digital filter composed of tapped delay lines and adjustable weights. These weights are renewed by a special adaptive algorithm, which is called the "cue signal method". For adaptation, the cue signal method needs only a narrow bandwidth signal which correlates with the power level of the target signal. This narrow bandwidth signal is called the "cue signal". The role of the visual subsystem is, therefore, to generate a cue signal. The authors have already proposed methods for generating a cue signal using video images. Sensor fusion of audio and visual information was accomplished by simple methods. In this paper, two new sensor fusion techniques are proposed. One is a method for generating a cue signal using not only video images but also microphone signals, and the other is a method for generating a cue signal using microphone signals, video images and internal knowledge. Both are a hierarchical sensor fusion of audio and visual information. In order to evaluate and demonstrate the sensor fusion algorithm, a real-time processing system including seventy DSPs was constructed. The architecture of this system is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
-Myocardial protection by preconditioning. Experimental and clinical significance-. (1996)

Short periods of ischemia render the myocardium more resistant to a subsequent prolonged coronary occlusion resulting in a reduction of infarct size. This cardioprotective mechanism has been called ischemic preconditioning. Acute myocardial ischemia results in a rapid decline of high energy phosphates. After short periods of ischemia the high energy phosphate levels are better preserved and the increase of lactate is slower during the prolonged subsequent ischemia in the preconditioned group compared to control. The duration of ischemia needed for induction of the protective effect is 2.5 min in dogs and 20 min in our swine model. In porcine myocardium the protection is lost about 1 h after induction and a renewal is not possible at that time, but is 24 h later. For rabbits or dogs, but not in pigs, a late protection 24 h after induction or preconditioning has been shown ("second window of protection"). Adenosine or adenosine A1 receptor agonists, muscarinic M2 receptor agonists, alpha 1-receptor agonists and bradykinin B2 receptor agonists as well as opening of the K+ATP-channel substitute for ischemia in the induction of protection. Activation of protein kinase C results in protection in rats and rabbits, but not in dogs or pigs. Inhibition of protein kinase C translocation or kinase activity results in a loss of the protection induced by preceding ischemia. After blockade of the K+ATP-channel the protection induced by adenosine A1 receptor activation is lost. Therefore opening of the K+ATP-channel is a prerequisite for induction of the protective effect. Inhibition of the inhibitory G-protein by pertussis toxin has been shown to result in a loss of protection, therefore the Gi-protein seems to be involved in the evolution of protection. In humans during coronary angioplasty anginal pain and lactate production during a second balloon occlusion is diminished without any change in the regional myocardial perfusion. This adaptation is inhibited by blockade of the K+ATP-channel or of the adenosine A1 receptor. Intermittent cross-clamping before a longer occlusion during open-heart surgery results in a better preservation of high energy phosphates compared to controls without preceding short ischemia. These observations support the hypothesis that ischemic preconditioning also occurs in humans. Angina pectoris preceding the myocardial infarction may have preconditioned the human heart against the subsequent myocardial infarction, but studies concerning the influence of angina pectoris on short-term outcome after thrombolysis are conflicting. In the future, ischemic preconditioning or preconditioning with drugs may prolong the duration of ischemia tolerated without necrosis and improve the prognosis of patients by reducing the infarct size.
A distributed tree algorithms for WDM network protection/restoration (2003)

High-speed optical networks need efficient protectionhestoration schemes. A heuristic distributed MST algorithm, called the Pick-up-Parent (PUP) Algorithm, is proposed in this paper. A node would activate this algorithm after receiving a special message, called a pick-up-parent message, in order to form a logical spanning tree for network protection. The restoration strategy for this tree network protection lies in two points: Using tree links to protect nontree links, and seeking a shortest path from a node to its parent in order to protect the corresponding tree link. Performance analysis of the algorithm executed in some topologies based on existing networks is presented in this paper.
Color Sequential Mobile LCDs (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Color Sequential Driving Schemes Fast-response LC Modes Fast-response Transflective LCDs Summary References
High-speed data transmission with multicode modulation and turbo-codes for wireless personal communications (2002)

To provide universal personal communications, the next-generation PCNs will need to support a wide range of services requiring high bit rates. Transmitting high-speed data over wireless channels, however, is a difficult task. Recently, a new technique, known as multicode modulation, has been proposed to transmit high-speed data over wireless links. In this method, the high-rate information bits are serial-to-parallel converted to low-rate bit streams. Then the low-rate bits are modulated by direct sequence spread spectrum on a single carrier. The objective of this paper is to propose a low-complexity receiver structure for multicode modulation which uses fast Walsh transform (FWT). In addition, we will demonstrate that the use of coding in multicode modulation can significantly improve the system performance. Sample numerical results which illustrate the potential of multicode modulation with turbo-codes and convolutional codes over multipath Rayleigh fading channels will also be presented.
Strategies to improve delivery of anticancer drugs across the blood–brain barrier to treat glioblastoma (2015)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal and aggressive brain tumor that is resistant to conventional radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapies. Molecularly targeted agents hold great promise in treating these genetically heterogeneous tumors, yet have produced disappointing results. One reason for the clinical failure of these novel therapies can be the inability of the drugs to achieve effective concentrations in the invasive regions beyond the bulk tumor. In this review, we describe the influence of the blood-brain barrier on the distribution of anticancer drugs to both the tumor core and infiltrative regions of GBM. We further describe potential strategies to overcome these drug delivery limitations. Understanding the key factors that limit drug delivery into brain tumors will guide future development of approaches for enhanced delivery of effective drugs to GBM.
Tumoricidal and Bactericidal Properties of ZnONPs Synthesized Using Cassia auriculata Leaf Extract (2020)

In this work, we aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using an aqueous extract of <i>Cassia auriculata</i> leaves (CAE) at room temperature without the provision of additional surfactants or capping agents. The formation of as-obtained ZnONPs was analyzed by UV-visible (ultraviolet) absorption and emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The XRD results reflect the wurtzite structure of as-prepared ZnONPs, which produced diffraction patterns showing hexagonal phases. The SEM images indicate that the morphology of as-prepared ZnONPs is composed of hexagonal nanostructures with an average diameter of 20 nm. The HR-TEM result shows that the inter-planar distance between two lattice fringes is 0.260 nm, which coincides with the distance between the adjacent (d-spacing) of the (002) lattice plane of ZnO. The fluorescence emission spectrum of ZnONPs dispersed in ethanol shows an emission maximum at 569 nm, revealing the semiconductor nature of ZnO. As-obtained ZnONPs enhanced the tumoricidal property of CAE in MCF-7 breast cancer cells without significant inhibition of normal human breast cells, MCF-12A. Furthermore, we have studied the antibacterial effects of ZnONPs, which showed direct cell surface contact, resulting in the disturbance of bacterial cell integrity.
Quantitative Interpretation of Giant Magnetoresistance Properties of Permalloy-Based Spin-Valve Structures (1992)

We analyse quantitatively the low-temperature magnetotransport properties of a series of spin-valve structures of composition NiFe t Å/Cu 22 Å/NiFe 50 Å/FeMn 80 Å/Cu 15 Å. We adopt the approach of Camley and Barnas which is based on the classical Boltzmann equation and assume spin-dependent scattering in the bulk of the ferromagnetic layers. We show that by introducing an anisotropy in the mean-free paths of conduction electrons (of the order of 30%) we can fit with the same set of parameters the variation of the sheet conductance and magnetoresistance with the thicknesses of the Cu and NiFe layers. This anisotropy is ascribed to grain boundaries scattering in these sputtered polycrystalline samples. We also compare our results with others obtained on (Fe/Cr)-type spin-valve multilayers. We emphasise the very important role of the number of periods of the multilayered structure on the magnetotransport properties of these systems.
Towards Energy-Efficient Mobile Sensing: Architectures and Frameworks for Heterogeneous Sensing and Computing (2016)

<p>Modern sensing apps require continuous and intense computation on data streams. Unfortunately, mobile devices are failing to keep pace despite advances in hardware capability. In contrast to powerful system-on-chips that rapidly evolve, battery capacities merely grow. This hinders the potential of long-running, compute-intensive sensing services such as image/audio processing, motion tracking and health monitoring, especially on small, wearable devices. </p><p>In this thesis, we present three pieces of work that target at improving the energy efficiency for mobile sensing. (1) In the first work, we study heterogeneous mobile processors that dynamically switch between high-performance and low-power cores according to tasks' performance requirements. We benchmark interactive mobile workloads and quantify the energy improvement of different microarchitectures. (2) Realizing that today's users often carry more than one mobile devices, in the second work, we extend the resource boundary of individual devices by prototyping a distributed framework that coordinates multiple devices. When devices share common sensing goals, the framework schedules sensing and computing tasks according to devices' heterogeneity, improving the performance and latency for compute-intensive sensing apps. (3) In the third work, we study the power breakdown of motion sensing apps on wearable devices and show that traditional offloading schemes cannot mitigate sensing’s high energy costs. We design a framework that allows the phone to take over sensing and computation by predicting the wearable's sensory data, when motions of the two devices are highly correlated. This allows the wearable to offload without communicating raw sensing data, resulting in little performance loss but significant energy savings.</p>
Estrogen, Progesterone and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2003)

Ovarian carcinoma (OCa) continues to be the leading cause of death due to gynecologic malignancies and the vast majority of OCa is derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and its cystic derivatives. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones, primarily estrogens and progesterone, are implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, it has proved difficult to fully understand their mechanisms of action on the tumorigenic process. New convincing data have indicated that estrogens favor neoplastic transformation of the OSE while progesterone offers protection against OCa development. Specifically, estrogens, particularly those present in ovulatory follicles, are both genotoxic and mitogenic to OSE cells. In contrast, pregnancy-equivalent levels progesterone are highly effective as apoptosis inducers for OSE and OCa cells. In this regard, high-dose progestin may exert an exfoliation effect and rid an aged OSE of pre-malignant cells. A limited number of clinical studies has demonstrated efficacies of antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, and progestins alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of OCa. As a result of increased life expectancy in most countries, the number of women taking hormone replacement therapies (HRT) continues to grow. Thus, knowledge of the mechanism of action of steroid hormones on the OSE and OCa is of paramount significance to HRT risk assessment and to the development of novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of OCa.
Cytolysis by H-2-specific T killer cells. Assembly of tubular complexes on target membranes. (1983)

Cloned T killer cells derived from one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions were characterized with regard to their Lyt phenotype and specificity. Two clones of Lyt-1-2+ phenotype that recognized H-2Dd were selected and examined for their cytolytic function by negative staining and thin section electron microscopy. When incubated with the H-2d target S194, they assemble two types of tubular complexes, polyperforin 1 and 2. Both structures appear to arise by polymerization of precursors that may originate in dense granules and/or Golgi of T killer cells. Polyperforins appear to be associated with vesicles that are released during the lytic reaction and transferred to target membranes as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Since there is a close correlation between target lysis and the appearance of polyperforins on target membranes, it is suggested that polyperforins take part in the cell-mediated killing reaction. Although polyperforins are different in size and several molecular properties from complement, there are striking similarities between these circular complexes and polyperforin (C9). It is therefore possible that they belong to a closely related family of cytolytic effector molecules.