gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a molecular classification of the gliomas: histopathology, molecular genetics, and gene expression profiling. (2000)

As many as 100,000 new cases of brain tumor are diagnosed each year in the United States. About half of these are primary gliomas and the remaining half are metastatic tumors and non-glial primary tumors. Currently, gliomas are classified based on phenotypic characteristics. Recent progress in the elucidation of genetic alterations found in gliomas have raised the exciting possibility of using genetic and molecular analyses to resolve some of the problematic issues currently associated with the histological approach to glioma classification. Recently, immunohistochemical studies using novel proliferation markers have significantly advanced the assessment of tumor growth potential and the grading criteria of some tumor subtypes. Preliminary studies using cDNA array technologies suggest that the profiling of gene expression patterns may provide a novel and meaningful approach to glioma classification and subclassification. Furthermore, cDNA array technologies may also be used to identify candidate genes involved in glioma tumor development, invasion, and progression. This review summarizes current glioma classification schemes that are based on histopathological characteristics and discusses the potential for using cDNA array technology in the molecular classification of gliomas.
Expressions for the analysis of digital transmission systems (1977)

It is shown that, if the sinusoidal roll-off response commonly used in the analysis of digital transmission systmes is replaced by a trapezoidal response, it is possible to derive algebraic expressions for the signal/noise ratio and error rate in cases of practical importance.
Effects of Etiolation, Stem Anatomy, and Starch Reserves on Root Initiation of Layered Malus Clones1 (1977)

Abstract Four Malus dwarfing rootstock clones showed a range of rooting success when propagated as layers. Root emergence was largely confined to a nodal position near lateral buds. Anatomical studies revealed nodal rooting to be closely associated with the parenchymatous bud and leaf gaps of the stem. The highest starch concentration was in these tissues and the outer ring of pith cells. Etiolation during layering increased stem starch and decreased the degree of sclerification of the cortex. Rooting success was negatively correlated with degree of sclerification. Etiolated stem cuttings rooted in 7 days under mist propagation, while non-etiolated cuttings failed to root, indicating that etiolation provided a stimulus to root initiation in the non-differentiated, starch-rich gap areas. Inter-relationships of stem etiolation and internal carbohydrate reserves were associated with the rooting process.
Food recognition and recipe analysis: integrating visual content, context and external knowledge (2018)

The central role of food in our individual and social life, combined with recent technological advances, has motivated a growing interest in applications that help to better monitor dietary habits as well as the exploration and retrieval of food-related information. We review how visual content, context and external knowledge can be integrated effectively into food-oriented applications, with special focus on recipe analysis and retrieval, food recommendation, and the restaurant context as emerging directions.
Development of A Hybrid Multi-tasking Machine Tool: Integration of Additive Manufacturing Technology with CNC Machining (2016)

Reduction in manufacturing cost and total in-process time is critical for industries in developed countries in order to maintain competitive advantage. At the same time, high added value manufacturing is also required. If not addressed, it will become increasingly difficult for the manufacturing industries in high-wage countries who are at a competitive disadvantage to survive in the future. In order to meet these requirements by creating a new possibility for machine tools, a Hybrid Multi-tasking machine tool has been developed by equipping Laser Metal Deposition functionality in addition to existing integrated turning and milling capabilities. The concept of a Hybrid Multi-tasking platform enables a further evolution of Done-in-One processes enabling building near-net shape components to be produced by additive manufacturing and then quickly generating the net shape through high-precision finish machining operations. It is particularly well suited to small-lot production of difficult-to-cut materials, such as aerospace alloys, high-hardness materials used in the energy sector, production tools and components and high-precision, specialty alloy designs common in medical device manufacturing. This paper introduces the features of the Mazak Hybrid Multi-tasking machine tool with application examples and demonstrates possibilities and tasks for the next generation manufacturing.
Europeana Newspapers OCR Workflow Evaluation (2015)

This paper summarises the final performance evaluation results of the OCR workflow which was employed for large-scale production in the Europeana Newspapers project. It gives a detailed overview of how the involved software performed on a representative dataset of historical newspaper pages (for which ground truth was created) with regard to general text accuracy as well as layout-related factors which have an impact on how the material can be used in specific use scenarios. Specific types of errors are examined and evaluated in order to identify possible improvements related to the employed document image analysis and recognition methods. Moreover, alternatives to the standard production workflow are assessed to determine future directions and give advice on best practice related to OCR projects.
Changes in phloem export of sucrose in leaves in response to phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency in bean plants (1994)

The effect of varied phosphorus (10 and 250 mmol P m−3 potassium (50 and 2010 mmol K m−3) and magnesium (20 and 1000 mmol Mg m−3 supply on sucrose, reducing sugars, amino acids, P, K, and Mg in phloem exudate was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants over a 12 d growth period in nutrient solution. Phloem exudates were collected from detached primary leaves using the EDTA-promoted exudation technique. Compared with control nutrient-sufficient plants, sucrose export in the phloem exudate was drastically decreased by K deficiency and, particularly, by Mg deficiency, whereas P deficiency either had no effect or stimulated sucrose export. In Mg-deficient plants the rate of sucrose export was decreased to 10–20% of the control plants. There was a close Inverse relationship between phloem export and leaf concentration of sucrose: higher leaf concentrations of sucrose were accompanied by lower phloem export of sucrose. In contrast to sucrose, reducing sugars in the exudates were very low and not affected by P, K and Mg deficiency. The phloem export of amino acids was strongly depressed by Mg deficiency, but only slightly by P and K deficiency. Resupplying Mg to Mg-deficient plants for 12 h during the dark or light periods rapidly stimulated sucrose export. After resup ply of Mg for 24 h and 48 h the rate of sucrose export was comparable with the rate in the control plants. The results demonstrate a key role for Mg in phloem loading and export of photosynthates from source leaves, especially sucrose. Inhibition of root growth and development of visual symptoms of chlorosis in Mg-deficient plants are suggested as consequences of Impaired phloem loading. In agreement with this in P-deficient plants where phloem loading was not impaired, chlorosis was absent and root growth was maintained at a high level.
Water and synthetic urine sorption capacity of cellulose‐based hydrogels under a compressive stress field (2004)

Abstract A new apparatus was developed and used to investigate the swelling behavior of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers under an applied load as a function of the absorbed weight in both water and water solutions. A model able to predict the material water uptake as a function of the isotropic compressive stress was also studied. Centrifugation tests were performed to measure the material retention capacity under load, in both water and synthetic urine. The polymers studied in the tests were from a particular class of superabsorbent hydrogels based on cellulose derivatives chemically crosslinked with divinyl sulfone. The hydrogels showed high sorption and retention capacity in both water and water solutions, both in the free state and under load, and significant variations were observed during the modulation of the dry sample porosity.© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3791–3796, 2004
RNase of classical swine fever virus: biochemical characterization and inhibition by virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (1996)

The structural glycoprotein E0 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) possesses an intrinsic RNase activity. Here we present the first comprehensive biochemical characterization of E0, using a recombinant glycoprotein expressed in insect cells. We were able to show that the presence of neither carbohydrate moieties nor disulfide bonds is a prerequisite for RNase activity. In addition, virus-neutralizing and nonneutralizing anti-E0 monoclonal antibodies were tested for their ability to influence RNase activity. In these experiments, the antibodies which effectively blocked the infection of STE cells also exerted a high degree of E0 RNase inhibition. This correlation suggests that the RNase activity of CSFV E0 plays a role in the viral life cycle.
The effect of methanal (formaldehyde) treatment of casein on its digestion <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1986)

Abstract The effect of methanal (HCHO) treatment of casein on its in vitro and in vivo digestion was investigated. As the quantity of HCHO bound to casein increased, the in vitro rumen degradability decreased but no further reduction occurred above 10.6 g HCHO kg −1 treated casein DM. The proportion of the original HCHO (25.4 g HCHO kg −1 treated casein DM) remaining bound to casein at pH values 3.0 to 6.0 was approximately 0.5; the proportion remaining bound at pH 2.0 was significantly less (0.39). N solubility and in vitro digestion of casein by pepsin/HCl and/or intestinal proteolytic enzymes was significantly reduced by treatment with HCHO (10.6 g HCHO kg −1 treated casein DM). When fed to rats the dry matter (DM) and true N digestibilities decreased significantly as the ratio HCHO;casein increased; the digestibility of the N‐free component of the diet remained unchanged. The quantity of available lysine in the diets and their true biological value (BV) decreased as the level of bound HCHO increased; there was significant linear relationship between BV and available lysine. The apparent disappearances of amino acids from the small intestine of sheep, when untreated or HCHO treated caseins (12.3 g HCHO kg −1 DM) were infused into the duodenum, were not affected by the pH of the infusate (pH 2.5 or 6.8) but were significantly reduced by HCHO treatment. It is concluded that exposure of HCHO‐treated casein to low pH values does not completely release bound HCHO from casein and that the intestinal digestion of casein to which HCHO remains bound is reduced when compared to untreated casein. All amino acids determined showed similarly reduced apparent intestinal absorptions due to HCHO treatment. It is suggested that the lower BV of HCHO‐treated caseins was due to reduced metabolic availability of lysine.
Analysis of Structurally Complex Polymers by Time-Lag Focusing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1997)

The analytical utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the characterization of structurally complex polymers is demonstrated. The advantages and limitations of the MALDI method are discussed through the analysis of several low molecular weight copolymers. Oligomer resolution is achieved by using a MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with pulsed ion extraction for time-lag focusing. Accurate mass analysis of the oligomers provides data sufficient for the confirmation of the repeat unit and end group structures for alternating copolymers. It is shown that for alternating copolymers poly[(o-cresyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] and glycidyl end-capped poly[(bisphenol A)-co-epichlorohydrin], the molecular weight as well as detailed structural and compositional information can be obtained from a single spectrum of each. It is found to be more difficult to obtain compositional information on block copolymers or random copolymers. Through the analysis of poly[(propylene glycol)-b-(ethylene glycol)-b-(propylene glycol)]bis(2-aminopropyl ether) and Dow polyol A and polyol B, it is shown that prior knowledge of the end group and monomer masses is required to determine information on the monomer composition. Loss of unit mass resolution complicates the analysis for monomer composition. The issue of obtaining the necessary quantitative information for complete characterization of the above polymer systems is also addressed.
Two gas metal arc welding process dataset of arc parameters and input parameters (2021)

The dataset was collected from experiments using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. The experiments were planned with Central Composite Design to obtain a greater variety of data. This variability helps to develop a predictive model more generalistic with machine learning techniques. It was collected welding arc images and weld bead geometry images. Welding arc images were processed with a deep learning technique to detect drop detachment and short circuit transfer mode. These detections were useful to calc drop detachment frequency, short circuit frequency, and molten volume in every moment of GMAW process time. It was obtained the weld bead geometry parameters by process time too. All these data, joining input parameters were correlated, resulting in the datasets shown in this article.
Electrolysis‐reducing electrodes for electrokinetic devices (2011)

Direct current electrokinetic systems generally require Faradaic reactions to occur at a pair of electrodes to maintain an electric field in an electrolyte connecting them. The vast majority of such systems, e.g. electrophoretic separations (capillary electrophoresis) or electroosmotic pumps (EOPs), employ electrolysis of the solvent in these reactions. In many cases, the electrolytic products, such as H+ and OH⁻ in the case of water, can negatively influence the chemical or biological species being transported or separated, and gaseous products such as O₂ and H₂ can break the electrochemical circuit in microfluidic devices. This article presents an EOP that employs the oxidation/reduction of the conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), rather than electrolysis of a solvent, to drive flow in a capillary. Devices made with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes are compared with devices made with Pt electrodes in terms of flow and local pH change at the electrodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that flow is driven for applied potentials under 2 V, and the electrodes are stable for potentials of at least 100 V. Electrochemically active electrodes like those presented here minimize the disadvantage of integrated EOP in, e.g. lab-on-a-chip applications, and may open new possibilities, especially for battery-powered disposable point-of-care devices.
Outbreaks of<i>Salmonella</i>infections attributed to beef – United States, 1973–2011 (2014)

Non-typhoidal Salmonella is estimated to be the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing an estimated one million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually. Recent, large outbreaks have highlighted the importance of ground beef as an important source of multidrug-resistant Salmonella. We analysed the epidemiology of salmonellosis outbreaks that were attributed to beef in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1973 to 2011. During 1973-2011, of the 1965 outbreaks of Salmonella where a food vehicle was implicated, 96 were attributed to beef, accounting for 3684 illnesses. We observed a shift in the type of beef implicated in salmonellosis outbreaks, from roast to ground beef. Delicatessen-style roast beef cooked in commercial processing establishments was the predominant type during the 1970s and early 1980s; regulations on cooking and processing essentially eliminated this problem by 1987. Ground beef emerged as an important vehicle in the 2000s; it was implicated in 17 (45%) of the 38 beef-attributed outbreaks reported during 2002-2011. Although this emergence was likely due in part to increased participation in CDC's PulseNet, which was established in 1996, and proactive decisions by the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, stronger measures are needed to decrease contamination of ground beef with Salmonella.
Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> HemG as a Novel, Menadione-Dependent Flavodoxin with Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Activity (2009)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) catalyzes the six-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to the fully conjugated protoporphyrin IX. Eukaryotes and Gram-positive bacteria possess an oxygen-dependent, FAD-containing enzyme for this step, while the majority of Gram-negative bacteria lack this oxygen-dependent PPO. In Escherichia coli, PPO activity is known to be linked to respiration and the quinone pool. In E. coli SASX38, the knockout of hemG causes a loss of measurable PPO activity. HemG is a small soluble protein typical of long chain flavodoxins. Herein, purified recombinant HemG was shown to be capable of a menadione-dependent conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. Electrochemical analysis of HemG revealed similarities to other flavodoxins. Interestingly, HemG, a member of a class of the long chain flavodoxin family that is unique to the gamma-proteobacteria, possesses a 22-residue sequence that, when transferred into E. coli flavodoxin A, produces a chimera that will complement an E. coli hemG mutant, indicating that this region confers PPO activity to the flavodoxin. These findings reveal a previously unidentified class of PPO enzymes that do not utilize oxygen as an electron acceptor, thereby allowing gamma-proteobacteria to synthesize heme in both aerobic and anaerobic environments.
Association of individual hnRNP proteins and snRNPs with nascent transcripts. (1993)

As they are transcribed, RNA polymerase II transcripts (hnRNAs or pre-mRNAs) associate with hnRNP proteins and snRNP particles, and the processing of pre-mRNA occurs within these ribonucleoprotein complexes. To better understand the relationship between hnRNP proteins and snRNP particles and their roles in mRNA formation, we have visualized them as they associate with nascent transcripts on the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster salivary glands. Simultaneous pairwise detection of the abundant hnRNP proteins hrp36, hrp40, and hrp48 by direct double-label immunofluorescence microscopy reveals all of these proteins are bound to most transcripts, but their relative amounts on different transcripts are not fixed. Numerous differences in the relative amounts of snRNP particles and hnRNP proteins on nascent transcripts are also observed. These observations directly demonstrate that individual hnRNP proteins and snRNP particles are differentially associated with nascent transcripts and suggest that different pre-mRNAs bind different combinations of these factors to form transcript-specific, rather than a single type of, hnRNA-hnRNP-snRNP complexes. The distinct and specific constellation of hnRNP proteins and snRNP particles that assembles on different pre-mRNAs is likely to affect the fate and pathway of processing of these transcripts.
Analytical Modeling of Fission Product Releases by Diffusion from Multicoated Fuel Particles (2003)

Three levels of fission product diffusional release models are solved exactly. First, the Booth model for a homogeneous uncoated spherical fuel particle is presented and an improved implementation is suggested. Second, the release from a fuel particle with a single barrier layer is derived as a simple alternative to account for a coating layer. Third, the general case of release from a multicoated fuel particle is derived and applied to a TRISO-coated fuel. Previous approaches required approximate numerical solutions for the case of an arbitrary number of coatings with arbitrary diffusivities and arbitrary coating interface conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonoluminescence and Sonochemistry (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prediction of Faults in Cellular Networks Using Bayesian Network Model (2007)

Abstract –Cellular network service providers compete with each other for the vast and dynamic market that is characterized by the ever-changing services on offer and technology. These services require very reliable networks that can meet the customer service level of agreement (SLA). We are motivated by this to model the cellular network service faults and this paper reports on results of faults prediction modelling. Cellular networks are uncertain in their behaviours and therefore we use a Bayesian network to model them. We derive probabilistic models of the cellular network system in which the independence of relations between the variables of interest are represented explicitly. We use a directed graph in which two nodes are connected by an edge if one is a direct cause of the other. We present the simulation results of the study.
A Spherical Microphone Array for Synthesizing Virtual Directive Microphones in Live Broadcasting and in Post Production (2010)

The paper describes the theory and the first operational results of a new multichannel recording system based on a 32capsules spherical microphone array. Up to 7 virtual microphones can be synthesized in real-time, choosing dynamically the directivity pattern (from standard cardioid to 6 th -order ultradirective) and the aiming. A graphical user’s interface allows for moving the virtual microphones over a 360-degrees video image. The system employs a novel mathematical theory for computing the matrix of massive FIR filters, which are convolved in real time and with small latency thanks to a partitioned convolution processor.
Bayesian word sense induction (2009)

Sense induction seeks to automatically identify word senses directly from a corpus. A key assumption underlying previous work is that the context surrounding an ambiguous word is indicative of its meaning. Sense induction is thus typically viewed as an unsupervised clustering problem where the aim is to partition a word's contexts into different classes, each representing a word sense. Our work places sense induction in a Bayesian context by modeling the contexts of the ambiguous word as samples from a multinomial distribution over senses which are in turn characterized as distributions over words. The Bayesian framework provides a principled way to incorporate a wide range of features beyond lexical cooccurrences and to systematically assess their utility on the sense induction task. The proposed approach yields improvements over state-of-the-art systems on a benchmark dataset.