gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroaid in Stroke Recovery (2008)

condition dictated ( table 2 ). The Neuroaid dose received was 4 tablets, 3 times per day. Treatment was initiated between 1 week and 6 months after stroke, and given to each patient for 2–3 months. Cases presented with neurological impairments affecting motor, balance, speech and visual functions. These were assessed during initial examination and confirmed with imagery ( table 1 ). The patients showed a good tolerability to the treatment. Only 1 mild adverse event was reported, with patient No. 4 reporting diarrhea after starting Neuroaid. Treatment was reduced, and then progressively increased to full dosage within a week. On follow-up, all cases reported improvements over the period in which they received Neuroaid. There were 6 cases of patients showing full recovery, 3 cases of good or moderate recovery and 1 case of poor recovery. Significant improvements were recorded in motor, visual, speech and cognitive functions ( table 1 ). Motor skills: the 8 patients with motor deficits improved in the strength of their upper and lower extremities, and their ability to walk; motor disabilities fully resolved in 6 patients. Balance: the 3 patients showing difficulties in their balance recovered. Vision: the diplopia and hemianopia in 5 patients resolved. Speech: 4 patients reported improvements in speech disabilities, including expressive aphasia and anomia; after 3 months, 2 had fully recovered from their speech impairments. The impact of Neuroaid treatment cannot be differentiated from the contribution of natural recovery, medStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide [1] . Many patients only make a partial or poor recovery after stroke, and the major burden of stroke is chronic disability [2] . To date, no effective treatment has been found for reducing stroke-induced disabilities. Neuroaid originates from Traditional Chinese Medicine. It has been developed to aid post-stroke recovery, and has recently been approved in 7 countries, including Singapore. Early trials of Neuroaid, performed in China on 605 patients in 2000, established its safety and demonstrated a positive effect on the recovery of independence and motor functions. Patients receiving Neuroaid were found to be 2.4 times more likely to achieve independence at 1 month after stroke than the control group [3, 4] . More recently, safety trials showed that Neuroaid, taken either alone or in combination with aspirin, does not modify hemostasis, hematology and biochemistry in normal subjects and stroke patients [6] . Additional double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials are ongoing in Asia [5] . This is a case description of 10 patients who took Neuroaid after ischemic stroke onset. All patients were seen in a private clinic at Mount Alvernia Hospital in Singapore and in the Neurology Outpatient Clinic for subsequent follow-up. Neuroaid was given as an add-on to other medications, including antiplatelet, anticoagulant (warfarin), lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, diabetic and antidepressant medications, which were used as the patient’s Received: August 22, 2008 Accepted August 27, 2008 Published online: September 9, 2008
Expression and Function of c‐Met, a Receptor for Hepatocyte Growth Factor, During T‐Cell Development (1998)

The c-Met oncoprotein is a cell-surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Signals through HGF and c-Met have been appreciated for their crucial roles in the development of many cell types, including liver cells. The present study examined whether c-Met is expressed in the thymus and whether c-Met/HGF signals can regulate T-cell development in the thymus. We have found that mRNA transcripts encoding c-Met are expressed in mouse thymus. The c-Met transcripts were expressed at higher levels in fetal and neonatal thymus than in adult thymus, and were mostly expressed by lymphoid cells rather than by stromal cells. Interestingly, the addition of HGF to fetal thymus organ cultures increased the generation of mature T cells expressing high levels of T-cell antigen receptors. These results indicate that c-Met is expressed in the thymus during early ontogeny, and that c-Met/HGF signals can promote T-cell development.
On efficiently tolerating general failures in autonomous decentralized multiserver systems (2002)

We consider a multiserver system consisting of a set of servers that provide some service to a set of clients by accessing some shared objects. The goal is to provide reliable service in spite of client or server failures such that the overhead during normal operating periods is low. We consider a relatively general fault model where a faulty processor can write spurious data for a period of time before it is detected and removed from the system. We first develop a solution in an autonomous physical world of clients and servers. The basic approach is to divide the servers into groups such that each server has some limitations which prevent it from arbitrarily damaging the system. This solution is then mapped to a distributed system of processor and memory units followed by an assessment of its performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The AddNeuroMed framework for multi‐centre MRI assessment of Alzheimer's disease : experience from the first 24 months (2010)

A framework for multi-centre MRI studies of Alzheimer's disease has been established consisting of a harmonized MRI acquisition protocol across centres, rigorous QC at both the sites and central data analysis hub and an automated image analysis pipeline. Early results demonstrate the high quality of the images acquired and the applicability of the automated image analysis techniques employed.
Multiple-column solid-phase glycopeptide synthesis (1992)

The preparation of the two new building blocks Nα-Fmoc-Ser(Ac3-α-D-GalpNAc)-OPfp 6 and Nα-Fmoc-Thr(Ac3-α-D-GalpNAc)-OPfp 7 and their application in a simultaneous multiple-column solid-phase synthesis of 40 different O-glycopeptides from human intestinal mucin and porcine submaxillary gland mucin are described. All glycopeptides were obtained in excellent purity and were characterised by 1D- and 2D-1H NMR spectroscopy and amino acid analyses.
PρT and VLE for Ethane + Hydrogen Sulfide from (254.05 to 363.21) K at Pressures up to 20 MPa (2005)

Pressure, density, and temperature (PρT) data are presented for ethane (1) + hydrogen sulfide (2) at z2 = (0.0380, 0.0563, 0.0977, and 0.1430) and various temperatures in the (254.05 to 363.21) K range. A vibrating tube densimeter, with the forced path mechanical calibration model, was used to determine both PρT data and vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) even when the mixture is close to its critical temperature. PρT and VLE results were correlated with the Benedict−Webb−Rubin−Starling's equation of state (BWRS EoS), the re-evaluated pure component parameters, and the mixing parameters derived using Starling's generalized mixing rules. Finally, we have compared, in VLE conditions, the BWRS EoS to a Peng−Robinson EoS using quadratic mixing rules.
The Role of EG-VEGF in the Regulation of Angiogenesis in Endocrine Glands (2002)

The cardiovascular system is the first organ system todevelop and reach a functional state in an embryo(Hamilton et al. 1962). The initial steps in blood vesseldevelopment consist of vasculogenesis, the differentiation of endothelial cell precursors, the angioblasts, fromthe hemangioblasts (Risau and Flamme 1995). The juvenile vascular system evolves from the primary capillaryplexus by subsequent pruning and reorganization of endothelial cells in a process called angiogenesis (Risau1997). More recent evidence suggests that incorporationof bone-marrow-derived endothelial precursor cells contributes to the growing vessels, complementing thesprouting of resident endothelial cells (Asahara et al.1997; Rafii et al. 2002). The development of a vascularsupply is also essential in the adult for wound healing andreproductive functions (Folkman 1995). In addition, angiogenesis is implicated in the pathogenesis of a varietyof proliferative disorders: age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathies, tumors, rheumatoidarthritis, and psoriasis (Garner 1994; Folkman 1995). Theprocess of angiogenesis has therefore become the focusof a variety of strategies to increase or create new vascular supply, reduce vascular damage, or compromise in order to preserve functional tissue in ischemic disease, butalso, conversely, to develop means of inhibiting angiogenesis in other pathological conditions associated withinappropriate growth, including cancer...
On the degrees of freedom of scattered fields (1989)

Starting from the observation that fields differing less than a prescribed error cannot be resolved as distinct entities, the degrees of freedom of the scattered field are introduced and then computed. The degrees of freedom are shown to be practically equal to the Nyquist number appropriate to the effective (spatial) bandwidth of the scattered field and to the extension of the observation domain. Accordingly, a finite number of elements of information can be used to determine the scattered field to a prescribed approximation error. It is also shown that the field representation can be made in terms of field values and simple sampling functions, provided that a marginal increase in the approximation error is tolerated. The results not only completely justify the use of sampling interpolation for representing scattering fields, but also demonstrate that such representation is practically an optimal one. An algorithm for the reconstruction of scattered fields, given the maximum allowed error, is then produced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrostatic-Actuated Suspended Ribbon Structure Fabricated in Single-Crystalline SiC by Selective Photoelectrochemical Etching (2009)

An electrostatic-actuated suspended ribbon structure composed of single-crystalline SiC is presented. All the main parts of the structure, namely, a suspended ribbon, posts, base plate, and electrical connections, are made of homoepitaxially grown single-crystalline 4H-SiC with selective ion implantations. Electrical isolation between the ribbon and the base plate is established with a pnp junction. The structure is fabricated by a combination of reactive ion etching (RIE) and doping-selective photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching. The suspended ribbon is actuated by applying a voltage between the ribbon and the base plate.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Palladium(II) Salen and Oxazoline Complexes (1999)

Two methods for the syntheses of palladium(II) salen complexes are described. The first involves template synthesis of the ligand in which bis(salicylaldehydato)palladium(II), 2, is initially synthesized and reacted with the appropriate diamine bridge to yield the desired palladium salen. The template synthesis approach suffers, however, from low overall yields (17-30%). Alternatively, treatment of bis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) chloride with the appropriate salen ligand under inert atmosphere yields the palladium salen complex in high yields (80-85%). [2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinato]palladium(II), 7, was also synthesized. All the palladium complexes were fully characterized spectroscopically. A single-crystal X-ray structure of 7 has been solved. In contrast to previous reports, complex 2 was found to be stable over weeks and remained suitable for the template syntheses. The catalytic activity of complex 2 in cyclopropanation of alkenes with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) was investigated. The catalyst is not functional group tolerant and works best for styrene; turnover numbers (TON's) of 45 were achieved. The availability of an open coordination site seems to be a prerequisite for catalytic decomposition of EDA.
Carving contiguous and fragmented files with fast object validation (2007)

“File carving” reconstructs files based on their content, rather than using metadata that points to the content. Carving is widely used for forensics and data recovery, but no file carvers can automatically reassemble fragmented files. We survey files from more than 300 hard drives acquired on the secondary market and show that the ability to reassemble fragmented files is an important requirement for forensic work. Next we analyze the file carving problem, arguing that rapid, accurate carving is best performed by a multi-tier decision problem that seeks to quickly validate or discard candidate byte strings – “objects” – from the media to be carved. Validators for the JPEG, Microsoft OLE (MSOLE) and ZIP file formats are discussed. Finally, we show how high speed validators can be used to reassemble fragmented files.
Bit Whirl—A New Theory of PDC Bit Failure (1990)

Summary This paper presents the results of a study showing that the most harmful polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bit vibrations can be attributed to a phenomenon called "bit whirl." During whirl, the instantaneous center of rotation moves around the face of the bit, and the bit whirls backward around the hole. Cutters on a whirling bit can move sideways, backward, and much faster than those on a true rotating bit. The impact loads associated with this motion cause PDC cutters to chip, which, in turn, accelerates wear. Laboratory and field results show the detrimental effects of whirl on PDC bit rate of penetration (ROP) and life.
Query-drift prevention for robust query expansion (2008)

Pseudo-feedback-based automatic query expansion yields effective retrieval performance on average, but results in performance inferior to that of using the original query for many information needs. We address an important cause of this robustness issue, namely, the query drift problem, by fusing the results retrieved in response to the original query and to its expanded form. Our approach posts performance that is significantly better than that of retrieval based only on the original query and more robust than that of retrieval using the expanded query.
New process for technical-grade phosphoric acid (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew process for technical-grade phosphoric acidFrederic Leder, Won C. Park, Pingwu Chang, John D. Ellis, Joseph A. Megy, Robert A. Hard, Harold E. Kyle, Jacob Mu, and Benjamin W. ShawCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 3, 688–697Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200030a028https://doi.org/10.1021/i200030a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Study On The Embedded Fault Diagnosis System Implementation (2013)

Fault Diagnosis is a process of detecting and isolating faults in a system. On demanding for safety and high reliability systems make it important for some reasons such as economical and environmental incentives. Especially embedded technology and IT technology combined with precise sensing techniques has been doing well developed and applied to fault diagnosis and prognosis in industrial systems like as automotive, ship, heavy industry and aerospace as well. This paper, as an empirical application of diesel engine, presents a method how to get raw data from physical systems, what to consider for successful implementation and which theoretic mathematical models should be applied. In a sense of system level Adaptive Filtering (we call Modified Kalman Filter) and a unit of part level Hidden Markov Process was developed and applied.
From the Editor (2008)

Recounts the career and contributions of MIT Professor Emeritus Edward Norton Lorenz, who passed away on April 16, 2008.
Autoimmune liver disease (2006)

Autoimmune hepatitis has a global distribution and diverse clinical manifestations. Phenotypes are affected by regional and ethnic factors which may provide clues to the etiologic agents. Defects in counter-regulatory functions enhance cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and interventions that promise site-specific actions affecting immunocyte differentiation and proliferation are now feasible. Autoimmune hepatitis must be considered in all patients with acute and chronic hepatitis and in all cases of allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation.
Single-frequency ytterbium-doped fiber laser stabilized by spatial hole burning (1997)

We have exploited spatial hole burning to achieve remarkably stable single-frequency operation and mode-hop-free tuning over 300 free spectral ranges in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser with a sample standing-wave geometry. This approach makes possible stable and narrow-linewidth single-frequency fiber lasers that do not require components such as Faraday isolators, fiber couplers, and Fabry-Perot filters.
The role of Tre6P and SnRK1 in maize early kernel development and events leading to stress-induced kernel abortion (2017)

The impact of kernel excision from the ear triggers a cascade of events starting with the precipitous drop in Tre6P levels. It is proposed that the removal of Tre6P suppression of SnRK1 activity results in transcription of putative SnRK1 target genes, and the metabolic transition from biosynthesis to catabolism. This highlights the importance of Tre6P in the metabolic response to starvation. We also present evidence that sugars can mediate the activation of SnRK1. The precipitous drop in Tre6P corresponds to a large increase in transcription of ZmTPPA.3, indicating that this specific enzyme may be responsible for the de-phosphorylation of Tre6P. The high levels of Tre6P in the immature embryo are likely important for preventing kernel abortion.
Verification and validation of simulation models (2007)

In this paper we discuss verification and validation of simulation models. Four different approaches to deciding model validity are described; two different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the model development process are presented; various validation techniques are defined; conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed; a way to document results is given; a recommended procedure for model validation is presented; and model accreditation is briefly discussed.
A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. (2003)

Early studies of intuitive judgment and decision making conducted with the late Amos Tversky are reviewed in the context of two related concepts: an analysis of accessibility, the ease with which thoughts come to mind; a distinction between effortless intuition and deliberate reasoning. Intuitive thoughts, like percepts, are highly accessible. Determinants and consequences of accessibility help explain the central results of prospect theory, framing effects, the heuristic process of attribute substitution, and the characteristic biases that result from the substitution of nonextensional for extensional attributes. Variations in the accessibility of rules explain the occasional corrections of intuitive judgments. The study of biases is compatible with a view of intuitive thinking and decision making as generally skilled and successful.
Nicotine and angiogenesis: a new paradigm for tobacco‐related diseases (2004)

The pathophysiology of tobacco-related diseases is complex and multifactorial. Among the approximately 4,000 compounds in tobacco smoke are carcinogens such as nitrosamines, irritants such as a variety of phenolic compounds, volatiles such as carbon monoxide, and of course nicotine. Nicotine itself has quite complex actions, mediated in part by nicotinic cholinergic receptors that may have extraneuronal, as well as neuronal distribution. This review discusses the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to tobacco-related disease, with a focus on the surprising new finding that nicotine is a potent angiogenic agent. Nicotine hijacks an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic pathway present in endothelial cells that is involved in physiological, as well as pathological angiogenesis.
Probability and Statistics: Experimental Results of a Radically Different Teaching Method (1976)

(1976). Probability and Statistics: Experimental Results of a Radically Different Teaching Method. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 9, pp. 733-739.
Multi-party off-the-record messaging (2009)

Most cryptographic algorithms provide a means for secret and authentic communication. However, under many circumstances, the ability to repudiate messages or deny a conversation is no less important than secrecy and authenticity. For whistleblowers, informants, political dissidents and journalists --- to name a few --- it is most important to have means for deniable conversation, where electronic communication must mimic face-to-face private meetings. Off-the-Record Messaging, proposed in 2004 by Borisov, Goldberg and Brewer, and its subsequent improvements, simulate private two-party meetings. Despite some attempts, the multi-party scenario remains unresolved.
Live oral cholera vaccine: report of a trial on human volunteer subjects. (1969)

Earlier laboratory studies on the possibility of basing a live oral cholera vaccine on a naturally avirulent strain of El Tor vibrio have shown that the strain is capable of multiplication in the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits resulting in the production of antibacterial and antitoxic immunity. In order to examine the safety and immunogenic value for human use of this proposed vaccine, a systematic trial has been carried out on 25 human volunteers. Following oral administration of the vaccine after neutralization of gastric acidity, the volunteers developed statistically significant increases in their vibriocidal antibody level. Copro-antibodies could also be demonstrated in stool samples within a week of vaccination Serum and copro-antibody levels persisted unchanged during the periods of observation of 6 and 3 months, respectively. None of the volunteers suffered any ill effect during the course of the trial. It has been concluded that the proposed vaccine is safe for human use and likely to protect against infection, although its protective value has still to be confirmed in a field trial.
SPARSE RECONSTRUCTION FOR SAR IMAGING BASED ON COMPRESSED SENSING (2010)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can obtain a twodimensional image of the observed scene. However, the resolution of conventional SAR imaging algorithm based on Matched Filter (MF) theory is limited by the transmitted signal bandwidth and the antenna length. Compressed sensing (CS) is a new approach of sparse signals recovered beyond the Nyquist sampling constraints. In this paper, a high resolution imaging method is presented for SAR sparse targets reconstruction based on CS theory. It shows that the image of sparse targets can be reconstructed by solving a convex optimization problem based on L1 norm minimization with only a small number of SAR echo samples. This indicates the sample size of SAR echo can be considerably reduced by CS method. Super-resolution property and point-localization ability are demonstrated using simulated data. Numerical results show the presented CS method outperforms the conventional SAR algorithm based on MF even though small sample size of SAR echo is used in this method.