gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topochemical Synthesis of Co−Fe Layered Double Hydroxides at Varied Fe/Co Ratios: Unique Intercalation of Triiodide and Its Profound Effect (2010)

Co-Fe layered double hydroxides at different Fe/Co ratios were synthesized from brucite-like Co(2+)(1-x)Fe(2+)(x)(OH)(2) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1/3) via oxidative intercalation reaction using an excess amount of iodine as the oxidizing agent. A new redoxable species: triiodide (I(3)(-)), promoted the formation of single-phase Co-Fe LDHs. The results point to a general principle that LDHs with a characteristic ratio of total trivalent and divalent cations (M(3+)/M(2+)) at 1/2 may be the most stable in the oxidative intercalation procedure. At low Fe content, e.g., starting from Co(2+)(1-x)Fe(2+)(x)(OH)(2) (x < 1/3), partial oxidation of Co(2+) to Co(3+) takes place to reach the M(3+)/M(2+) threshold of 1/2 in as-transformed Co(2+)(2/3)-(Co(3+)(1/3-x)-Fe(3+)(x)) LDHs. Also discovered was the cointercalation of triiodide and iodide into the interlayer gallery of as-transformed LDH phase, which profoundly impacted the relative intensity ratio of basal Bragg peaks as a consequence of the significant X-ray scattering power of triiodide. In combination with XRD simulation, the LDH structure model was constructed by considering both the host layer composition/charge and the arrangement of interlayer triiodide/iodide. The work provides a clear understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic factors associated with the oxidative intercalation reaction and is helpful in elucidating the formation of LDH structure in general.
THE TRANSFECTION OF JURKAT T-LEUKEMIC CELLS BY USE OF pH-SENSITIVE IMMUNOLIPOSOMES (2002)

An effective pH-sensitive gene transfer vector has been developed utilising anionic liposomes with various formulations as a carrier of plasmid DNA (pEGlacZ, 7.6 kb) to transfect CD3 T+ lymphocytes (Jurkat cells). The plasmid DNA was condensed using poly-l-lysines with a range of molecular masses to form polyplexes that were interacted with several anionic liposome formulations to form lipopolyplexes. For targeting to the Jurkat cells, distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) linked to poly (ethylene glycol) molecular mass 2000 and coupled to anti-CD3 antibody was incorporated in the liposomes. The polyplexes and lipopolyplexes were characterised in terms of size, zeta potential, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The gene transfer activity of the lipopolyplexes, assessed from β-galactosidase expression, depended on the charge ratio (/) of the component polyplex and the lipid/DNA weight ratio of the lipopolyplex.
Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult cats from private US veterinary practices. (2005)

Using a cross-sectional study design, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in dogs over 1 year of age seen by US veterinarians during 1995 was determined. Risk factors for overweight and obesity were also determined from the following variables: age, breed, gender, body condition score, food type, reported concurrent disease, and geographic region. Thirty-four percent of adult dogs (n = 21,754) were overweight or obese. From multivariate analyses, overweight dogs were more likely to be older, of certain breeds (Cocker Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Dalmatian, Dachshund, Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, Shetland Sheepdog, Mixed-breed), neutered, and to consume a semi-moist food as their major diet source. In addition, overweight adult dogs were most likely to reside in the
Beiträge zur Chemie des Indols, X; Synthesen eserin‐ähnlicher Verbindungen, II. Thioeserin, das Thioanalogon des Eserins (1976)

Abstract Desoxoeserolin ( 4a ) wird mittels Dirhodan in 5‐Rhodandesoxoeserolin ( 4b ) übergeführt und dieses weiter mit LiAlH 4 zu Thioeserolin ( 4c ) reduziert. Aus 4c und Methylisocyanat erhält man 4d .
Optical characterization of lithium niobate thin films (2002)

Optical waveguiding thin films of lithium niobate were RF sputtered onto single-crystal sapphire substrates. A polarized He-Ne laser light with a wavelength of 6328 AA was successfully fed into the optical waveguide by a rutile prism coupler. The guided modes excited by the prism coupler were observed and used to examine the optical properties of the waveguide. The effective thickness and the refractive index for transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes were calculated. The birefringence observed in the films and X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films. The attenuation of the light propagation in the waveguide was determined to be 1.2+or-0.1 dB/cm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Convenient Synthesis of <scp>l</scp>-Ornithyltaurine·HCl and the Effect on Saltiness in a Food Material (1996)

A new convenient synthesis of a salty peptide, ornithyltaurine (Orn-Tau), was designed. Compared with a conventional synthesis, the process was shortened by two steps and the purification was made much easier in the new one. Consequently, Orn-Tau was easily obtained and subjected to a further series of experiments. The product produced a good saltiness without Na+ in the presence of HCl, and the saltiness became stronger as the amount of added HCl increased. The best quality of saltiness was obtained by adding 1.2 equiv of HCl to the Orn-Tau solutions. The Orn-Tau·1.2HCl was equally salty to NaCl on a molar basis and also had an enhancing effect on saltiness of NaCl. The intake of Na+ could be cut by 95% in a model system and by 50% in a food material (soy sauce) by using Orn-Tau·1.2HCl, which have the most excellent saltiness and Na+ dietary effect of our NaCl substitutes at the present time. Keywords: Salt substitute; l-ornithyltaurine; sodium ion dietary effect; new large scale synthesis
An FPGA controlled WDM buffer memory (2000)

Summary form only given. Recent advance in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has provided tremendous bandwidth on optical fiber communications. However, the capability of switching and routing information at this high bandwidth (e.g. 1 terabit/s) has been behind the transmission capability. Building a large capacity switching system using only electronic technology may potentially lead to a system bottleneck in interconnecting many electronic devices or modules, mainly caused by enormous interconnection wires and electromagnetic interference among them. We have explored the possibility of switching ATM cells in the optical domain by prototyping a WDM ATM Multicast (3M) switch. By taking the advantages of both optical and electronic technologies, we have constructed two planes, an optical switching plane and an electronic control plane. ATM cells are routed through the optical switching plane, while their headers are extracted and processed in the electronic plane that controls the optical devices and routes the cells to proper output port(s). We have implemented and demonstrated two subsystems, one that performs the cell delineation based on ITU standards and overwrites VCI/VPI optically at 2.5 Gb/s, another performs optical cell synchronization which aligns the phases of incoming optical ATM cells at 2.5 Gb/s to a reference cell clock with the adjustment ranges from 1 to 511 bits and a precision of 1/4 bit (100 ps), and an integrated 1/spl times/2 Y-junction semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) switch is developed to facilitate the cell synchronizer.
High efficacy of docetaxel with and without androgen deprivation and estramustine in preclinical models of advanced prostate cancer. (2004)

These results provide a strong preclinical rationale for the clinical development of docetaxel for the treatment of both locally advanced and disseminated prostate cancer.
Reduction of void content of vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molded composites by infusion pressure control (2014)

Vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding is a promising technique for making large and complex composite structures. However, void formation remains a problem. Two primary contributors to void formation, non‐uniform resin flow and continuous evaporation of resin under low pressure, were experimentally studied. Improved pressure control at the vent is proposed to reduce the void content of the manufactured composite material: at the start of the resin infusion, the pressure at the vent is set to the full vacuum of the equipment, while after the resin has saturated all of the reinforcements, the pressure at the vent is increased slightly. The full vacuum at the start of infusion avoids air entrapment, and the slightly higher pressure later in the process restrains the resin evaporation. A lower void content is obtained. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1629–1637, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of secretagogues on cytoplasmic free calcium in alveolar type II epithelial cells (1987)

Pulmonary surfactant is synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II epithelial cells. Although intracellular calcium and other second messengers have been implicated in secretion by type II cells, this is the first report on measurement of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Known secretagogues, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and terbutaline, were tested to see if they caused rapid increases in cytoplasmic calcium. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, was used to increase cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, to determine if a rapid increase in cytoplasmic free calcium would stimulate secretion, and to measure interactions with other secretagogues. Ionomycin increased both [Ca2+]i and pulmonary surfactant secretion from alveolar type II cells. A low concentration of ionomycin (100 nM) greatly enhanced secretion stimulated by terbutaline or by 8-bromo-cAMP but only had an additive effect on secretion stimulated by TPA. Terbutaline transiently increased [Ca2+]i by 24% over control basal condition, and the increase in [Ca2+]i produced by terbutaline occurred in the absence of extracellular calcium. TPA itself did not change [Ca2+]i. However, TPA completely inhibited the terbutaline-induced increase of [Ca2+]i but not the increase due to ionomycin. When alveolar type II cells were loaded with 2-(2-bis-[carboxymethyl]-amino-5-methyl-phenoxy)-methyl-6-methoxy-8-bis carboxymethylaminoquinoline (quin2) in calcium-free buffer, [Ca2+]i decreased from 143 +/- 10 to 31 +/- 8 nM. Lowering [Ca2+]i inhibited TPA- or terbutaline-induced secretion by 22 and 40%, respectively. Although the precise role of cytoplasmic free calcium on surfactant secretion cannot be established on the basis of current data, our results indicate that an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium produced by ionomycin stimulates secretion and that an increase in [Ca2+]i affects cAMP-induced secretion more than protein kinase C-mediated secretion in alveolar type II cells.
Stem cells from cord blood – current status and future potential (2002)

Umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic stem cells. At birth, it can be collected, HLA-typed and stored. Cord blood is successfully used since over 10 years as source of transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells, in addition to bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. Allogeneic transplantations are performed between HLA-identical siblings and from HLA-matched unrelated donors. Most recipients of cord blood are children with Leukemia or genetic disorders, but also increasingly adolescents and adults. Based on the promising results, cord blood banks with kryopreserved, HLA-typed cord blood samples from anonymous donors are set up worldwide, ready to be used as allogeneic stem cell graft. In addition, so-called "private" cord blood banks have been set up, providing the possibility to store cord blood at birth from healthy children with no affected family member for a possible autologous stem cell transplantation in the future if the child later develops a disease such as Leukemia. For several reasons, however, this procedure has been scientifically as well as ethically challenged. To date, there is no established indication for an autologous cord blood transplantation. Nevertheless, the plasticity and multipotency of adult stem cells, which has been recently discovered, could lead to a possible autologous use of cord blood stem cells for different indications in the field of regenerative medicine (cell- and organ replacement/regeneration). So far, however, this remains speculatative. Research in the field of stem cell development and differentiation in the next decade will try to find some answers.
ClassX: a browsing tool for protein sequence megaclassifications (2002)

The authors have developed an algorithm, HHS, for efficient clustering of very large sequence databases into groups based on sequence similarity. When applied to protein sequence databases, the induced groups objectively define both protein superfamilies and recurring sequence motifs. HHS has been successfully applied to large sequence databases; however, the output is too large and complex to be readily interpreted. The authors report on a software tool called ClassX that was developed to help explore the results of megaclassification runs. They also discuss the problem of automatic annotations, i.e., how to use the classifications produced by the program to label regions of interest in an anonymous protein sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrafast graded-gap electron transfer optical modulator structure (1994)

We demonstrate an ultrafast graded-gap electron transfer optical modulator structure with electron escape times on the order of 1 ps. All other aspects important for high-speed applications, for example, electroabsorption and electrical behavior remain essentially unaffected.
Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (IRSOFC-GT)—Part II: Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses (2002)

The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (IRSOFC) and gas turbine (GT) combined cycles. A mathematical model of the IRSOFC steady-state operation was presented in Part I of this work coupled to the thermodynamic analysis of a number of proposed IRSOFC-GT combined cycles, taking into account the influence of several technological constraints. In the second part of this work, both an exergy and a thermoeconomic analysis of the proposed cycles have been carried out using the TEMP code developed by the author. A suitable equation for IRSOFC cost evaluation based on cell geometry and performance has been proposed and employed to evaluate the electricity generation cost of the proposed combined systems. The results are presented and the influence of several parameters is discussed: external reformer operating conditions, fuel-to-air ratio, cell current density, compressor pressure ratio, etc. Diagrams proposed by the author for cost versus efficiency, cost versus specific work, and cost versus system pressure are also presented and discussed.
Design Criteria Of Apile Founded Guyed Tower. (1980)

ABSTRACT As the need for drilling and production platforms in deep waters becomes more and more pressing, several alternative structural concepts are being evaluated for potential application. One concept that has been studied for some time. and has been brought to a high level of development is the Guyed Tower Platform (GTP). This paper discusses some basic variations of the original GTP concept which might enhance its feasibility and range of application as well as its economic advantages over other deep water solutions. In particular,The spud can, foundation is replaced by a system of piles.An integrated deck and predrilling template have been included.Details in the mooring system design have been changed. The paper contains a description of the main components of the structural system and a discussion of the principal design criteria. The results of some parametric studies and a brief description of fabrication and installation procedures are also included. INTRODUCTION Over the past thirty years fixed jacket-type platforms have represented the most common structural solution for drilling and production facilities. As the need to move into deeper waters arose technological advancements, ever-growing expertise. more sophisticated analytical techniques and faster and larger computers pushed the state-of-the-art further wld further. Today the tallest jacket stands in 1050 ft. of water in the Gulf of Mexico. However, there are various indications that with the present technology, water depths beyond 1000 ft. may require an altogether different approach. One of the main problems to be faced by the designer of deep water platforms is the dynamic interaction between waves and structure. Figure I, taken from Ref. 11, shows a set of design conditions typical of the Gulf of Mexico. The main diagram shows three wave spectra, labeled as operating weather, winter storm and design storm. The curve in the frame describes how the dynamic amplification factor (D.A.F.) varies with the ratio of the structural period to the dominant wave period. It should be noted that the curve shown is valid for systems with one degree of freedom. while an offshore structure is obviously a multi-degree of freedom system. For a qualitative discussion however, the simplification is acceptable. The shallow water (300 ft.) jacket has a natural period of about 2 sec; this period is much smaller than the peak periods of the various sea states. Accordingly, the ratio of the periods is less than one. and the representative point on the dynamic amplification factor curve is on the left side of the resonance peak. As long as the periods ratio is small enough, the D.A.F. is very close to 1 and the structural response is essentially static. As the water depth increases, the structural period increases and approaches the spectral peaks while the D.A.F. becomes larger than 1 and moves closer to the resonance peak.
Clinical Potential of GABA<sub>B</sub>Receptor Modulators (2005)

Metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid(B) (GABAB) receptors for the major inhibitory transmitter GABA, together with metabotropic glutamate (mGLuRs) receptors, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs), some V2R pheromone receptors and T1R taste receptors, belong to the family of 3 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GABAB receptors are known to control neuronal excitability and modulate synaptic neurotransmission, playing a very important role in many physiological activities. These receptors are widely expressed and distributed in the nervous system and have been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative and pathophysiological disorders including epilepsy, spasticity, chronic pain, depression, schizophrenia and drug addiction. To form a functional receptor entity, GABAB receptors must exist as a heterodimer consisting of GABAB1 and GABAB2 receptor subtypes with two 7-transmembrane proteins, and these subunits arise from distinct genes. The GABAB1 subunit binds the endogenous ligand within its extracellular N-terminus, whilst the GABAB2 subunit is not only essential for the correct trafficking of the GABAB1 subunit to the cell surface, but is also responsible for the interaction of the receptor with its cognate G-protein. Allosteric modulation has recently been recognized as an alternative pharmacological approach to gain selectivity in drug action. It is now generally accepted that modulators acting at the allosteric sites provide a novel perspective for the development of subtype-selective agents acting at GPCRs. These agents interact with allosteric binding sites quite separate from the highly conserved agonist binding region. In this review, we present a new class of phenylalkylamines, based on the lead compound fendiline, that are potent positive potentiators of GABAB receptor-mediated function and discuss their putative clinical applications. It is proposed that these new modulators may have therapeutic value in GABAB receptor pharmacology and are capable of selectively modifying GABAB receptor function. The allosteric modulators are offering an attractive and novel means to identify new leads, that are devoid of side effects associated with GABAB receptor agonists, and may, therefore, represent a major advance in the drug discovery process.
[Gastrointestinal dysfunction/failure and critical care medicine]. (2008)

This article reviews the recent advances in gastrointestinal function research, especially the gastrointestinal dysfunction/failure in critical care medicine.
Optimal Guidance for the Space Shuttle Transition (2003)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Development of a high-productivity, halophilic, thermotolerant microalga Picochlorum renovo (2019)

Microalgae are promising biocatalysts for applications in sustainable fuel, food, and chemical production. Here, we describe culture collection screening, down-selection, and development of a high-productivity, halophilic, thermotolerant microalga, <i>Picochlorum renovo</i>. This microalga displays a rapid growth rate and high diel biomass productivity (34 g m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>), with a composition well-suited for downstream processing. <i>P. renovo</i> exhibits broad salinity tolerance (growth at 107.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> salinity) and thermotolerance (growth up to 40 °C), beneficial traits for outdoor cultivation. We report complete genome sequencing and analysis, and genetic tool development suitable for expression of transgenes inserted into the nuclear or chloroplast genomes. We further evaluate mechanisms of halotolerance via comparative transcriptomics, identifying novel genes differentially regulated in response to high salinity cultivation. These findings will enable basic science inquiries into control mechanisms governing <i>Picochlorum</i> biology and lay the foundation for development of a microalga with industrially relevant traits as a model photobiology platform.