gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the binding of Ca2+ and other divalent metal ions to bovine alpha-lactalbumin. (1981)

Removal of the tightly bound Ca2+ ion from bovine alpha-lactalbumin (Hiraoka et al. (1980) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 1098-1104) produces a pronounced conformational change, as indicated by fluorescence and absorbance changes. These changes closely resemble the changes that occur on acid denaturation of the native protein. The binding of ions to apo-alpha-lactalbumin at pH 7.4 has been examined by monitoring fluorescence changes and by direct binding measurements with 45CaCl2. The results indicate the presence of two Ca2+ binding sites on apo-bovine alpha-lactalbumin, a stronger binding site (Ka of 2.7 X 10(6) M-1) and a weaker site (Ka of 3.1 X 10(4) M-1); the fluorescence changes on Ca2+ rebinding correlate with saturation of the stronger site. Mn2+ can also bind to restore a "native" structure but with a lower affinity(Ka of 3.5 X 10(5) M-1). Zn2+ and Co2+ do not produce this change, but Zn2+ (1 mM) greatly inhibits the binding of 45Ca2+ in the direct binding assay and produces a time-dependent displacement of Ca2+ from the native protein to an apo-protein-like conformation. Co2+ does not produce these effects. Studies with metal-depleted galactosyltransferase activated with Zn2+ or Co2+ and apo-alpha-lactalbumin or Ca2+-saturated alpha-lactalbumin show that the Ca2+, Zn2+, and apo-alpha-lactalbumin are all able to bind with galactosyltransferase to produce an active lactose synthase complex.
Transparency and awareness in a real-time groupware system (1992)

This article explores real-time groupware systems from the perspective of both the users and the designer. This exploration is carried out through the description of GroupDesign, a real-time multi-user drawing tool that we have developed. From the perspective of the users, we present a number of functionalities that we feel necessary in any real-time groupware system: Graphic & Audio Echo, Localization, Identification, Age, and History. From the perspective of the designer, we demonstrate the possibility of creating a multi-user application from a single-user one, and we introduce the notion of purely replicated architecture.
Structural, Biochemical, and Computational Studies Reveal the Mechanism of Selective Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 Inhibition by Cytotoxic Duocarmycin Analogues (2015)

Analogues of the natural product duocarmycin bearing an indole moiety were shown to bind aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) in addition to DNA, while derivatives without the indole solely addressed the ALDH1A1 protein. The molecular mechanism of selective ALDH1A1 inhibition by duocarmycin analogues was unraveled through cocrystallization, mutational studies, and molecular dynamics simulations. The structure of the complex shows the compound embedded in a hydrophobic pocket, where it is stabilized by several crucial π-stacking and van der Waals interactions. This binding mode positions the cyclopropyl electrophile for nucleophilic attack by the noncatalytic residue Cys302, thereby resulting in covalent attachment, steric occlusion of the active site, and inhibition of catalysis. The selectivity of duocarmycin analogues for ALDH1A1 is unique, since only minor alterations in the sequence of closely related protein isoforms restrict compound accessibility.
Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Deformable Tissue from Temporal Sequence of Ultrasound Images (2010)

In this paper, the feasibility of super-resolution reconstruction of the deformable tissue from temporal sequences of ultrasound images is extensively studied. The proposed image observation model integrates the non-rigid motion and imaging formation process into a unified super-resolution frame. To facilitate the motion estimation, Lucas-Kanade optical flow is chosen for non-rigid motion estimation from mathematical point of view. Finally, optical flow based iterative back-projection algorithm is proposed for Super-resolution reconstruction, where flow driven diffusion method is developed to re-estimate the motion in the high-resolution coordinate, yielding accurate dense flow field. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulated images and ultrasound carotid vessel images. Experimental results are provided and compared with existing super-resolution method, which indicate the proposed approach is highly efficient and promising.
Controlled functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced ammonia sensing: a comparative study (2012)

Abstract Electrochemically controllable functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with poly( N -methyl pyrrole) (P[NMP]) is demonstrated for room temperature gas sensing applications. Comparative investigations reveal that the loading content of the functionalization entity has prominent effects on the sensing characteristics of SWNTs. The optimized sensing backbone (P[NMP]-functionalized SWNTs with 5 µ C deposited charge) exhibited a lower detection limit of 10 ppb and excellent linearity for a detection window of 10 ppb–01 ppm concentration of NH 3 . The typical response and recovery time of the optimized sensor is on the order of minutes. Finally, a performance comparison of the P[NMP]-functionalized SWNT sensing backbones with the pristine P[NMP] nanowire sensor ensured the well-defined role of SWNTs in the functionalized structure. The proposed sensing mechanism suggests that the synthesis parameters can be manoeuvered for the highest operational efficiency of the sensors.
Introduction to Seismology (1979)

Die Versorgung mit fliebendem Wasser gehort in der westlichen Welt zu den zivilisatorischen Errungenschaften. Doch was einst der Hygiene diente, hat sich verselbststandigt. Inzwischen ist das Bad ein stilpragender Lebensraum, dessen Elemente sich wandeln. Die Armatur TARA, geschaffen von der Armaturenmanufaktur Dornbracht in Zusammenarbeit mit Sieger Design, ist langst zu einem Archetypus und Designklassiker der Neuzeit geworden. Mit ihrer charakteristischen Gestalt verbindet die TARA die Erinnerung an Vergangenes mit der Gegenwart. Weltweit wurde sie vielfach ausgezeichnet - und fast ebenso oft kopiert. In diesem hochwertig ausgestatteten Buch inszeniert der in New York lebende Fotograf Jesse Frohman die TARA in uberraschenden Schwarzweib-Aufnahmen als modernen Klassiker. An ihrem Beispiel diskutieren bedeutende Architekten, Designer, Kommunikationswissenschaftler und Kritiker designtheoretische und kunstlerische Positionen.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Agonists Promote TRAIL-induced Apoptosis by Reducing Survivin Levels via Cyclin D3 Repression and Cell Cycle Arrest (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cancer therapy that preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, many neoplasms are resistant to TRAIL by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that human breast cancer cells, but not normal mammary epithelial cells, are dramatically sensitized to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and caspase activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class. Although TZDs do not significantly alter the expression of components of the TRAIL signaling pathway, they profoundly reduce protein levels of cyclin D3, but not other D-type cyclins, by decreasing cyclin D3 mRNA levels and by inducing its proteasomal degradation. Importantly, both TRAIL sensitization and reduction in cyclin D3 protein levels induced by TZDs are likely PPARgamma-independent because a dominant negative mutant of PPARgamma did not antagonize these effects of TZDs, nor were they affected by the expression levels of PPARgamma. TZDs also inhibit G(1) to S cell cycle progression. Furthermore, silencing cyclin D3 by RNA interference inhibits S phase entry and sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL, indicating a key role for cyclin D3 repression in these events. G(1) cell cycle arrest sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL at least in part by reducing levels of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin: ectopic expression of survivin partially suppresses apoptosis induced by TRAIL and TZDs. We also demonstrate for the first time that TZDs promote TRAIL-induced apoptosis of breast cancer in vivo, suggesting that this combination may be an effective therapy for cancer.
The Islands of the South China Sea 南中国海诸岛 (2013)

Traditional concerns with sovereignty have been contested in the South China Sea for decades. There are continuing clashes over the use of EEZ and disputes concerning overlapping historical and current claims of ownership. Tensions continue to escalate as fishermen and resource vessels are harassed as states scramble for the resources within the EEZ and continental shelf adjacent to the contested islands. This paper argues that difficulties in ascertaining sovereignty should not be a barrier to the creation of cooperative mechanisms to ensure that the human security of fishermen in the South China Sea is not violated. 2013 HERDC Submission. FoR code: 160607 摘要：在南中国海，传统的主权问题斗争已经持续了数十年。当前，围绕专属经济区、过去和现在的争议领土主张冲突仍在不断发生。对专属经济区内、以及主权归属存在争议岛屿相邻的大陆架蕴藏的资源，各国一哄而上，激烈争夺，并骚扰他国渔民和开采资源的船只，造成紧张局势不断升级。本文认为，确定主权上存在困难不应妨碍建立合作机制，以确保在南中国海作业渔民的人身安全不受侵犯。
Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Prevention in the Endoscopy Practitioner (2014)

Practitioners of endoscopy often experience musculoskeletal pain and injury (most often in the back, neck, shoulders, hands, wrists, and thumbs) that are associated with the minute and repetitive strain that is placed on these areas during endoscopic procedures. This review of the current documentation of endoscopy-related pain and injuries among practitioners finds that such problems are widespread and specific in kind as well as strongly correlated with high procedure volume and procedure duration. Research on the nature and impact of cumulative trauma and overuse syndromes in other professions such as dentistry, pianists, production labor, and athletics is brought to bear on the work of the endoscopist. A more thorough understanding of the nature and prevalence of work-related pain and injury sustained by endoscopists should inform further development of ergonomic practices and equipment design. This article reviews current recommendations for ergonomic design in the endoscopy procedure space and finds that reported compliance with those recommendations is quite low. Strategies for the management of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries related to the practice of endoscopy include compliance with currently recommended ergonomic practices, education of trainees in ergonomic technique when practicing endoscopy, and research toward the modification and development of more ergonomic endoscopes and procedure spaces.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody Reactive with Human Prostate (1984)

A human immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody secreting hybridoma, termed MHG7, has been isolated and characterized for its reactivity against human prostate cells. Lymphocytes isolated from a regional draining lymph node of a patient with prostate carcinoma were fused with murine P3-NS1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells. Supernatants from the generated mouse-human somatic cell hybrids were first screened for human immunoglobulin production by an enzyme immunoassay. The identified human immunoglobulin-secreting hybridomas were expanded for further analysis and their supernatants screened by enzyme immunoassay against a panel of prostate cell lines. The human immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody MHG7, in addition to reacting with prostate cell lines, also reacted with prostate carcinoma cells and benign prostatic hypertrophy cells on both frozen and paraffin embedded tissue sections. These data suggest that regional draining lymph nodes of prostate carcinoma patients can be used as a source of human lymphocytes for generating human immunoglobulin-secreting hybridomas reactive with human prostate cells.
Two tropinone reductases with different stereospecificities are short-chain dehydrogenases evolved from a common ancestor. (1993)

In the biosynthetic pathway of tropane alkaloids, tropinone reductase (EC 1.1.1.236) (TR)-I and TR-II, respectively, reduce a common substrate, tropinone, stereospecifically to the stereoisomeric alkamines tropine and pseudotropine (psi-tropine). cDNA clones coding for TR-I and TR-II, as well as a structurally related cDNA clone with an unknown function, were isolated from the solanaceous plant Datura stramonium. The cDNA clones for TR-I and TR-II encode polypeptides containing 273 and 260 amino acids, respectively, and when these clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, the recombinant TRs showed the same strict stereospecificity as that observed for the native TRs that had been isolated from plants. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two clones showed an overall identity of 64% in 260-amino acid residues and also shared significant similarities with enzymes in the short-chain, nonmetal dehydrogenase family. Genomic DNA-blot analysis detected the TR-encoding genes in three tropane alkaloid-producing solanaceous species but did not detect them in tobacco. We discuss how the two TRs may have evolved to catalyze the opposite stereospecific reductions.
A NOVEL TAG REMOVAL TECHNIQUE FOR TAGGED CARDIAC MRI AND ITS APPLICATIONS (2007)

In this paper we present a novel tag removal method for tagged cardiac MR images. This method is based on a 2D band-stop filtering technique, which selectively attenuates the tag pattern's frequency components in the spatial-frequency domain. To automatically design the band-stop filter, we developed a mean shift-based clustering method to partition the power spectrum image into several harmonic regions. Then a principal component analysis-based multivariate fitting procedure is implemented to model the harmonic peak. We have tested this tag removal method on a variety of tagged cardiac MR images with different imaging settings, which turned to be robust and computationally modest. Comparing with previous tag removal methods, the results of this new method are more consistent with the original image's appearance, and can recover more detailed structures, such as the papillary muscles. Based on the new tag-removed images, we have tested segmenting the left ventricular endocardium and papillary muscles using a conventional segmentation method, and achieved better performance than using the previous tag removal method
Surgery vs. radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer. Which is best? (2008)

Surgery and radiotherapy are currently accepted alternatives for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. In the absence of relevant randomized trials no decision regarding the superiority of any of the given approaches can be made. Up to now several cohort-based approaches indicate similar outcomes for both treatments. Based on a new population based approach, Merglen and co-workers recently concluded that surgery would offer the best chance of long-term control in terms of 10-year survival for T1-T3 prostate cancer patients. Unfortunately the strength of this trial is limited by several shortcomings. Most importantly, issues of radiation dosage have not been taken into account. In addition, several relevant parameters including Gleason score and PSA are not well balanced between the arms and the assignment to arbitrary risk groups does not reflect the real biological behaviour. Thus, the data provided do not support the strong conclusion issued by the authors. Based on the data available, surgery and radiotherapy still have to be considered as equally effective.
Dual-wavelength injection-locked pulsed laser (2005)

An injection-locked pulsed Ti:sapphire laser oscillating at dual wavelengths is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. By use of two feedback loops, seeds of two independent master lasers are locked on specific longitudinal modes of a power oscillator, leading to a stable dual-wavelength oscillation over a long time scale. The two injection-locked pulsed outputs completely overlap in time, with spectral purities reaching a Fourier-transform limit. The dual-wavelength oscillation is controlled by the master lasers only, allowing for flexible selectivity of the two wavelengths and full controllability of the relative two-wavelength pulsed energies.
Implementing FRBR in Libraries: Key Issues and Future Directions (2013)

Implementing FRBR in Libraries: Key Issues and Future DirectionsZhang, Yin and Athena Salaba. Implementing FRBR in Libraries: Key Issues and Future Directions. New York, NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2009. Print. 154 pp. $80.00 USD. ISBN-13: 978-1-55570-661-6.Table of Contents and Preface available at (visited October 6, 2013).The information landscape of the twenty-first century is very different from that of the previous century. Conseguently, the library community has created theoretical models to explain the changes in users' information seeking behaviour. One of these theoretical models that attempts to explain users' interactions with bibliographic information contained within library catalogues is Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) created by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in 1998. Functional Reguirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) is an entity relationship model.In this book Zhang and Salaba discuss how libraries are applying the FRBR model. There are three objectives of the book Implementing FRBR in Libraries: Key Issues and Future Directions: (1) to provide an overview of the current status of FRBR development; (2) to identify the key issues that need to be addressed; and (3) to point to future directions of FRBR (Zhang and Salaba, p. x). The seven chapters in this book give the reader an insight into the impact of the FRBR model on current research, cataloguing standards and practices, and its application and implementation in libraries.The first chapter of this book gives an overview of the FRBR model by explaining what FRBR is, the reasons behind its introduction, the potential benefits of implementing FRBR and the challenges facing FRBR development.Chapter 2 describes the FRBR model in detail. This chapter discusses the entity groups that are a crucial part of the model as well as topics such as further development of the FRBR model and related models. The family of related models include Functional Reguirements for Authority Data (FRAD) and Functional Reguirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD). Interoperability with other models and critical issues and challenges in the FRBR model itself are also examined in this chapter.The third chapter reviews the impact of FRBR on current cataloguing standards and practices by answering the guestion: what changes will FRBR bring? The authors examine the impact of FRBR on international cataloguing principles; description standards such as the international standard bibliographic description, resource description and access; Dublin Core metadata initiative and other cataloguing standards; changes in encoding standards; and critical issues in cataloguing. …
An appearance-based representation of action (1996)

A new view-based approach to the representation of action is presented. Our underlying representations are view-based descriptions of the coarse image motion associated with viewing given actions from particular directions. Using these descriptions, we propose an appearance-based action-recognition strategy comprised of two stages: 1) a motion energy image (MEI) is computed that grossly describes the spatial distribution of motion energy for a given view of a given action, and the input MEI is matched against stored models which span the range of views of known actions; 2) any models that plausibly match the input are tested for a coarse, categorical agreement between a stored motion model of the action and a parametrization of the input motion. Using a "sitting" action as an example, and using a manually placed stick model, we develop a representation and verification technique that collapses the temporal variations of the motion parameters into a single, low-order vector.
The catalytic domain of all eukaryotic cut-and-paste transposase superfamilies (2011)

Cut-and-paste DNA transposable elements are major components of eukaryotic genomes and are grouped into superfamilies (e.g., hAT, P) based on sequence similarity of the element-encoded transposase. The transposases from several superfamilies possess a protein domain containing an acidic amino acid triad (DDE or DDD) that catalyzes the "cut and paste" transposition reaction. However, it was unclear whether this domain was shared by the transposases from all superfamilies. Through multiple-alignment of transposase sequences from a diverse collection of previously identified and recently annotated elements from a wide range of organisms, we identified the putative DDE/D triad for all superfamilies. Furthermore, we identified additional highly conserved amino acid residues or motifs within the DDE/D domain that together form a "signature string" that is specific to each superfamily. These conserved residues or motifs were exploited as phylogenetic characters to infer evolutionary relationships among all superfamilies. The phylogenetic analysis revealed three major groups that were not previously discerned and led us to revise the classification of several currently recognized superfamilies. Taking the data together, this study suggests that all eukaryotic cut-and-paste transposable element superfamilies have a common evolutionary origin and establishes a phylogenetic framework for all future cut-and-paste transposase comparisons.
The Multiple Access Broadcast Channel: Protocol and Capacity Considerations (1978)

Originally presented as the author's thesis, (Ph.D.) in the M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1978.
Vascular endothelial growth factor: a new player in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis (2003)

Despite dramatic progress in current knowledge of vascular biology in progressive renal disease, there are still controversies about the mechanism by which vascular endothelial growth factor works in the kidney in different conditions and at different time points. We suggest it is now time to think of integral effects of this angiogenic factor as a new player in renal fibrosis with its potential therapeutic implication.
A scalable and programmable modular queue manager architecture (2010)

The constantly changing nature of network traffic means that scalable and programmable traffic management (TM) in the form of a queue manager (QM) is becoming vital for realizing quality of service (QoS) in next generation networks. Typical QM solutions are proprietary with fixed architectures and costly management of queues. In this paper, we present a new FPGA- based QM architecture which is able to efficiently manage memory resources at high speed, thereby allowing the creation of flexible, scalable TM systems that can adapt to changing network conditions.