gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coexpression of Receptors for Adrenomedullin, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, and Amylin in Pancreatic  -Cells (2000)

Three receptors have been characterized by their ability to bind adrenomedullin (AM): L1, RDC1, and CRLR. Immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR showed that all three receptors are expressed by the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans. RDC1 and CRLR in the presence of particular modifying proteins can also bind calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Such data suggest that the inhibitory effect caused by both AM and CGRP on insulin secretion is mediated by a direct interaction with the β-cell. We also identified receptors for amylin, the third member of the AM peptide family, in mouse insulin-secreting cells. The β-cells located closer to the periphery of the islets had a stronger immunoreactivity for the AM/CGRP receptors. This observation could be related to a paracrine mechanism, given the proximity of AM- and CGRP-secreting cells (F and δ-cells, respectively), which are located at the periphery of the islets. Interestingly, the smooth muscle cells in the pancreatic vasculature expressed only RDC1, which is in agreement with physiological data showing that AM functions in the cardiovascular system are mainly mediated through a CGRP1 receptor. These data further implicate AM and the other components of its peptide family as important regulators of insulin release.
Classification of Marek's disease viruses according to pathotype: philosophy and methodology (2005)

The concept of pathotype in Marek's disease (MD) probably dates from the recognition of a more virulent form of the disease in the late 1950s (Benton & Cover, 1957). Distinctions between MD virus strains were further expanded with the description of the vv pathotype in the early 1980s and of the vv+ pathotype in the 1990s. Pathotype designations reflect important biological properties that correlate with the break-through of vaccinal immunity in the field. However, pathotyping methods applied by various laboratories have not been uniform, preventing critical comparison of results. Better uniformity of pathotyping procedures is desirable.The Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL) method is based on induction of lymphoproliferative lesions in vaccinated chickens. This method has been used to pathotype more than 45 isolates and is the basis for the current pathotype classification of MD virus strains. Its limitations include requirements for a specific type of chickens (15x7 ab+), large numbers of animals, and a statistical method to compare lesion responses to those of JM/102W and Md5 control strains. Because of these limitations, it has not been and is not likely to be used in other laboratories. Comparability in pathotyping can be improved by the comparison of field isolates with standard prototype strains such as JM/102W, Md5 and 648A (American Type Culture Collection) or their equivalents. Data may be generated by different in vivo procedures that measure tumour induction, neurological disease (both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions), or solely non-neoplastic criteria (such as lymphoid organ weights or virus replication). Methods based on neoplastic criteria, especially when generated in MD-immunized chickens, will probably correlate most closely with that of the ADOL method and be most relevant to evolution of MD virus in the field. Based on data from several trials, a modification of the ADOL method that utilizes fewer chickens and can be conducted with commercial specific pathogen free strains is proposed. The modified method is based on "best fit" comparisons with prototype strains, and is expected to provide results generally comparable with the original method. A variety of other alternative criteria (see earlier) are also evaluated both for primary pathotyping and as adjuncts to other pathotyping methods. Advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods are presented.
Experimental investigation of dispersion management for an 8 x 10-Gb/s WDM transmission system over nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (1999)

We experimentally demonstrate that an 8/spl times/10 Gb/s WDM transmission with 200-GHz channel spacing over nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber requires dispersion compensation when using channel powers compatible with field requirements. The management of this compensation is then investigated and optimized.
Florentine families and Florentine diaries in the fourteenth century (1956)

‘In the name of God, amen. The notebook of Guido Filippi dell'Antella, in which he will set down certain memorials ( ricordanze ), beginning on the Kalends of March, in the year Mcclxxxxviii.’ These words form the perfunctory but typical heading of one of the first in a long and miscellaneous series of private memoirs which survive in such numbers from so many different families as to make it probable they were kept by every man of business or distinction in later medieval Florence. Every variety of information is contained in them, from business accounts and details of estate management to records of taxation, births, marriages and deaths, family feuds, and the dry record in certain instances of successful vendetta. Not all were simply domestic chronicles : the history of Florence, even at its most democratic, remains in large measure the history of its principal families, whose diaries therefore may be purely political. Even so, business and financial memoranda are normally present if not predominant in ricordanze , and for this reason they may represent the earliest and most simple type of book-keeping.
Pearl S. Buck's FBI File, 1938-1945 (2017)

This article analyses data selected from declassified, public-access FBI files on American writer Pearl S. Buck compiled before and during the Second World War.The argument establishes a crux between literary production and Cold War ideology, such that the FBI, backed by emerging technologies of surveillance, sought to create near-evidentiary "realities" out of what were merely literary tastes and ideological propensities.I call this powerful, period curtailment of literary interpretive range, in the context of the Second
Impact of clock slope on true single phase clocked (TSPC) CMOS circuits (1994)

Clocked digital circuits are sensitive to changes of the input signals close to the clock transitions. Non ideal properties of the clock transition, such as slope, make timing requirements more complicated. Here we present methods, quantitative limits and clock buffer requirements by studying clock slope impact on TSPC circuits. The investigation is based on SPICE simulations of edge-triggered D flip-flops and latches, implemented in the TSPC technique. The simulation results were also verified by measurements on 2-/spl mu/m CMOS prescalers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gel Electrophoresis and the Structure of RNA Molecules (1992)

(1992). Gel Electrophoresis and the Structure of RNA Molecules. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 379-402.
Spatial Distribution and Mechanical Function of Elastin in Resistance Arteries (2011)

These results indicate the importance of elastin in bearing longitudinal stress in the arteriolar wall and that these fibers constrain vascular smooth muscle cells. Differences between skeletal muscle and cerebral small arteries may reflect differences in the local mechanical environment, such as exposure to longitudinal stretch.
Detection of intraocular pressure change in a human eye model using sonoelastic Doppler ultrasound (2003)

Sonoelasticity is proposed for clinical measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP). It is postulated that the change of fluid pressure in a fluid-filled elastic shell, such as the eye, would change the apparent elasticity of the shell, which in turn would change its frequency of resonance. If a standardized normal range of resonance for the human eye can be found, any abnormality in the resonance can then be used to detect abnormalities in the IOP. Preliminary experiments are performed using eviscerated and enucleated human and pig eyes. IOP is varied by insertion of a saline fluid filled catheter with a hydrostatic pressure. Doppler ultrasound is used to find the amplitude of vibration of the sclera. As little as 4 mm Hg change in IOP is detected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of a C3b/iC3 binding protein of rabbit platelets and leukocytes. A CR1-like candidate for the immune adherence receptor. (1988)

Immune adherence is the attachment of C-bearing immune complexes via the major activation fragment of the third component of C(C3b) to C3b binding membrane proteins. On primate E, the C3b-R, termed CR1, mediates immune adherence. In nonprimates, immune adherence involves platelets instead of E. However, these functional data have not been corroborated by the identification of the binding protein. In this work, we have identified a C3b/iC3 binding protein of rabbit platelets and characterized it as a single chain structure with a Mr of 150 kDa (nonreducing) or 175 kDa (reducing). This protein binds to rabbit iC3 or C3b but not C3d. This specificity of binding and the ability to rebind to a second column of iC3- or C3b-thiol-Sepharose are comparable to human CR1. Also, a molecule with the identical Mr as well as other structural and binding characteristics is present on rabbit PBMC. No such protein was isolated from rabbit E. Our data strongly suggest that the C3b/iC3 binding protein of rabbit platelets is the homologue of human CR1. If so, this represents an interesting evolutionary switch in the tissue specific expression of the immune adherence R from platelets in the nonprimate to E in the primate.
Synthesis and Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase Inhibitory Activity of Quinoxalines as Ligands of Cyclophilin A (2006)

In search of small molecule compounds as the ligands of cyclophilin A, a series of quinoxalines were prepared, and their K(d) values of cyclophilin A and IC50 values for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity of cyclophilin A were tested. The results suggest that some quinoxalines are promising ligands of cyclophilin A.
Development of the Cotton Valley Geopressure Zone in Panola County, Texas, Using Air/N2 Drilling and Openhole Completion Techniques (1986)

ABSTRACT The Jurassic aged Cotton Valley Sands and overpressured Bossier Sands can be effectively drilled using air and/or nitrogen methods, logged, completed and open hole stimulated without ever exposing the wellbore to potentially harmful drilling fluids. This in turn increases well productivity and offers considerable cost savings to the standard mud and liner setting techniques.
Sequenzspezifische Erkennung und Modifikation von Doppelhelix‐DNA durch Oligonucleotide (1993)

Abstract Viele natürlich vorkommende und synthetische Liganden können Nucleinsäuren selektiv erkennen, Oligonucleotide aber zeigen die höchste Erkennungsspezifität. Sie binden unter Bildung von Watson‐Crick‐Wasserstoffbrücken an eine komplementäre einsträngige Sequenz. Des weiteren können sie in der großen Furche von Doppelhelix‐DNA bestimmte Sequenzen erkennen, indem sie mit Purinbasen der Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaare Hoogsteen‐ oder reverse Hoogsteen‐Wasserstoffbrücken bilden, wobei eine Tripelhelix entsteht. An der sequenzspezifischen Wechselwirkung sind hauptsächlich Homopurin. Homopyrimidin‐Sequenzen in der Doppelhelix beteiligt. Es ist noch immer eine Herausforderung für Chemiker, den Bereich der Erkennungssequenzen zu erweitern. Es sind sowohl thermodynamische als auch kinetische Parameter für die Bildung von Tripelhelices bestimmt worden. Diese Parameter zeigen beispielsweise, daß die Bildung einer Tripelhelix viel langsamer ist als die einer Doppelhelix. Nuclease‐resistente Oligonucleotide, die aus dem α‐Anomer von Nucleosiden (anstatt aus dem natürlich vorkommenden β‐Anomer) dargestellt werden, bilden mit doppelsträngiger DNA ebenfalls Tripelhelices. Tripelhelix‐bildende Oligonucleotide können mit DNA‐intercalierenden Agentien verknüpft werden, wodurch sie eine höhere Bindungsaffinität erhalten. Oligonucleotide können auch durch Reagentien modifiziert werden, die durch chemische oder photochemische Aktivierung in der Zielsequenz irreversible Reaktionen induzieren. Es können so künstliche Nucleasen entwickelt werden, die eine hohe Sequenzspezifität selbst für Megabasen‐DNA aufweisen. Tripelhelix‐bildende Oligonucleotide können ferner zur selektiven Steuerung der Genexpression verwendet werden. Binden sie an regulatorische Bereiche bestimmter Gene, so können sie die Aktivierung (oder Repression) der Transkription verhindern. Werden sie in der Nähe oder downstream von der Stelle gebunden, an der die Transkription beginnt, so kann die Fortsetzung des Ablesevorgangs gehemmt werden. Es ist vorstellbar, daß sich neue genblockierende Agentien entwickeln lassen, die zur therapeutischen Behandlung genetischer Störungen eingesetzt werden können.
VIP: Video-assisted inter-vehicle positioning system (2012)

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides various services for vehicular environments. Many of them require accuracy information about vehicle's position. However, the current positioning techniques may not satisfy the accuracy requirement, especially for safety applications. In this paper, we propose a Video-Assisted Inter-Vehicle Positioning (VIP) system. The system integrates processed image data from video sensors equipped on part of vehicles and inter-vehicle communication techniques. The system equips each vehicle with a GPS and inter-vehicle communication modules, and a part of vehicles are equipped with a video sensor. The data extracted from video sensors will be exchanged among vehicles and assist each vehicle to validate the position received from neighboring vehicles so as to improve the accuracy of cooperative positioning. Simulation results shown that our approach can achieve 30 percent of improvement in the position accuracy when only half of vehicles were fully equipped, and improve the accuracy by factor of 40 percent (within 3m) if all vehicles were fully equipped.
Cardiomyocyte Preparation, Culture, and Gene Transfer (2007)

Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) cultured in vitro have been used as a model system for easily recreating and studying several cardiac molecular conditions, such as hypertrophy, oxygen deprivation, and gene expression. However, low efficiency of gene transfer has often represented one of the major limitations of this technique. In this chapter we describe in detail how to isolate NRVMs from neonatal rat heart and the optimal conditions for their long-term culture. Different cardiomyocyte transfection methodologies, based on viral or viral/chemical delivery carriers, are also discussed.
Peer Reviewed: SELDI-TOF MS for Diagnostic Proteomics (2003)

By combining chromatographic retention with MS, SELDI-TOF MS can generate protein profiles from as little as 1 μL of serum or as few as 25–50 cells.
In the search for selective ligands of 5-HT5, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 serotonin receptors. (2003)

In recent years much attention has been focused on the functional importance of 5-HT5, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and other diseases. In this connection, intensive studies with ligands of these receptors are currently in progress. Recognition of the structural characteristics responsible for the binding of a ligand molecule to an appropriate receptor, and development of an active complex have reached an advanced stage in the search for selective compounds. This review was undertaken to summarize the results of structure-activity relationship studies with ligands of 5-HT5, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors. Additionally, some data on localization, pharmacological properties and the functional role of those receptors were reported.
Incremental construction of structured hidden Markov models (2007)

This paper presents an algorithm for inferring a Structured Hidden Markov Model (S-HMM) from a set of sequences. The S-HMMs are a subclass of the Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models and are well suited to problems of process/user profiling. The learning algorithm is unsupervised, and follows a mixed bottom-up/top-down strategy, in which elementary facts in the sequences (motifs) are progressively grouped, thus building up the abstraction hierarchy of a S-HMM, layer after layer. The algorithm is validated on a suite of artificial datasets, where the challenge for the learning algorithm is to reconstruct the model that generated the data. Then, an application to a real problem of molecular biology is briefly described.
Curcumin attenuates cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury in mice: a possible role for aquaporin‐4? (2010)

Traumatic brain injury is a devastating neurological injury associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Medical therapies to limit cerebral edema, a cause of increased intracranial hypertension and poor clinical outcome, are largely ineffective, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic approaches. In the present study, pre-treatment with curcumin (75, 150 mg/kg) or 30 min post-treatment with 300 mg/kg significantly reduced brain water content and improved neurological outcome following a moderate controlled cortical impact in mice. The protective effect of curcumin was associated with a significant attenuation in the acute pericontusional expression of interleukin-1beta, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, after injury. Curcumin also reversed the induction of aquaporin-4, an astrocytic water channel implicated in the development of cellular edema following head trauma. Notably, curcumin blocked IL-1beta-induced aquaporin-4 expression in cultured astrocytes, an effect mediated, at least in part, by reduced activation of the p50 and p65 subunits of nuclear factor kappaB. Consistent with this notion, curcumin preferentially attenuated phosphorylated p65 immunoreactivity in pericontusional astrocytes and decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a reactive astrocyte marker. As a whole, these data suggest clinically achievable concentrations of curcumin reduce glial activation and cerebral edema following neurotrauma, a finding which warrants further investigation.
3D Non-Woven Polyvinylidene Fluoride Scaffolds: Fibre Cross Section and Texturizing Patterns Have Impact on Growth of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2014)

Several applications in tissue engineering require transplantation of cells embedded in appropriate biomaterial scaffolds. Such structures may consist of 3D non-woven fibrous materials whereas little is known about the impact of mesh size, pore architecture and fibre morphology on cellular behavior. In this study, we have developed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) non-woven scaffolds with round, trilobal, or snowflake fibre cross section and different fibre crimp patterns (10, 16, or 28 needles per inch). Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue were seeded in parallel on these scaffolds and their growth was compared. Initial cell adhesion during the seeding procedure was higher on non-wovens with round fibres than on those with snowflake or trilobal cross sections. All PVDF non-woven fabrics facilitated cell growth over a time course of 15 days. Interestingly, proliferation was significantly higher on non-wovens with round or trilobal fibres as compared to those with snowflake profile. Furthermore, proliferation increased in a wider, less dense network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the MSCs aligned along the fibres and formed cellular layers spanning over the pores. 3D PVDF non-woven scaffolds support growth of MSCs, however fibre morphology and mesh size are relevant: proliferation is enhanced by round fibre cross sections and in rather wide-meshed scaffolds.
Egg laying suppression in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>(Diptera: Drosophilidae) and<i>Dacus (Bactrocera) oleae</i>(Diptera: Tephritidae) by phloroglucinol, a peroxidase inhibitor (1996)

Abstract Eggshell peroxidase (ESP) is responsible for the hardening process in several Diptera, including Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Bactrocera oleae Gmelin. Its action can be inhibited by phloroglucinol, a natural phenolic substance, during the formation of the egg-shell. We used phloroglucinol, in the diet of adults of D. melanogaster and B. oleae , at concentrations of 1 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM and 400 mM to study its effect on egg laying. In both insects, 1 mM had no effect. At concentrations above 10 mM, egg laying of D. melanogaster was gradually affected leading to the deposition of empty shells and chorion-less eggs, while in B. oleae , it was gradually suppressed and only amorphous masses were laid. The effect of phloroglucinol at the tested concentrations was reversible. It is concluded that phloroglucinol added at appropriate, non-lethal concentrations, affected egg-laying of D. melanogaster and B. oleae in different ways, related to differences in the ovipositor diameter relative to egg size. In B. oleae , it is relatively narrow, causing breakage of the phloroglucinol-induced non-elastic egg-shell, since covalent crosslinking of the chorion proteins is prevented. In D. melanogaster , chorion-less eggs and separate chorions are laid, due to egg dechorionation. A possible field application of these results is discussed.
On Adaptive Contention Management Strategies for Software Transactional Memory (2012)

Software Transaction Memory (STM) is an alternative synchronization method to the traditional lock-based schemes. In an STM system, the contention manager(CM) decides what action to take when a conflict occurs. CM is crucial to the performance of STM systems. However, the performance of existing CMs is sensitive to the transaction workloads and STM configurations. A static policy is therefore unsatisfactory. In this paper, we argue that adaptive contention manager (ACM) is necessary and feasible. We further present an ACM policy that can adaptively choose a suitable CM during run-time. We prove that our adaptation strategy preserves live-lock (starvation) freedom as long as the pool of CMs to adapt from contains at least one live-lock free (starvation free) CM. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can choose proper CMs and achieves higher average throughput than existing static CM strategies.
The Effect of Disc Degeneration and Facet Joint Osteoarthritis on the Segmental Flexibility of the Lumbar Spine (2000)

Axial rotational motion was most affected by disc degeneration, and the effects of disc degeneration on the motion were similar between genders. Facet joint osteoarthritis also affected segmental motion, and the influence differed for male and female spines. Further studies are needed to clarify whether the degenerative process of facet joint osteoarthritis differs between genders and how facet joint osteoarthritis affects the stability of the spinal motion segment.
An efficient priority-based dynamic channel allocation strategy for mobile cellular networks (2002)

Priority-based dynamic carrier allocation strategies can be classified into three categories: static-priority, dynamic-priority, and hybrid-priority strategies. Strategies based on static priorities do not consider the local carrier reuse conditions, while dynamic-priority strategies do take these conditions into consideration. Intuitively, one would expect dynamic-priority strategies to perform better than static- and hybrid-priority strategies, but in the literature it is the other way around-existing dynamic-priority strategies are out-performed by some static- and hybrid-priority strategies. We propose a dynamic-priority strategy which is a significant improvement over all existing strategies. Under various traffic conditions, our simulation results indicated that the proposed strategy could reduce the call blocking/failure rate by a margin ranging from 15% to 95%.