gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental wound sepsis from transient Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia. (1969)

Intravenous inoculations of Klebsiella pneumoniae ranging from 2·57 × 10(8)-3·8 × 10(7) organisms caused demonstrable transient bacteraemia in guinea-pigs which resulted in contamination of clean surgical wounds. In one instance an inoculation of 8·50 × 10(2) organisms caused contamination of a wound without demonstrable bacteraemia. These experiments, together with those reported previously with Serratia marcescens as a test organism, suggest iatrogenic, transient gram-negative bacteraemia as a potential cause of sepsis in clean surgical wounds.
Exogenous glutamine requirement is confined to late events of T cell activation (1993)

Glutamine is required for the proliferation of lymphocytes, but quantitative effects on discrete steps of activation remain unknown to date. Therefore the influence of glutamine (range: 0 mM-1 mM) on the in vitro response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to a mitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was investigated. Expression of surface activation markers by flow cytometry, presence of mRNA of cytokine genes by polymerase chain reaction, release of cytokines by ELISA, and entering into the cell cycle by flow cytometry were sequentially analyzed. Proliferation was measured by a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. mRNA coding for IL-2, IL-2 receptor, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma was detectable independently from exogenous glutamine provision; expression of the cell surface activation marker CD69 was also glutamine independent. In contrast, later activation events including the expression of the surface activation markers CD25, CD45RO, and CD71 as well as the production of IFN-gamma were found to require exogenous glutamine supply. In contrast, production of TNF-alpha could be observed in the absence of glutamine and was increased to a limited extent by exogenous glutamine. The overall lymphocyte response as reflected by entering into the cell cycle and proliferation was directly correlated with the glutamine concentration of the culture medium. Efficient progression through the cell cycle was found to require at least 0.5 mM glutamine and an increase in glutamine concentration from 0.1 mM to 1 mM enhanced proliferation by 50%. These results were supported by data obtained following anti-CD3 stimulation of a CD4+ T cell clone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<i>AGTR2</i> Mutations in X-Linked Mental Retardation (2002)

Two angiotensin II (Ang II)-specific receptors, AGTR1 and AGTR2, are expressed in the mammalian brain. Ang II actions on blood pressure regulation, water electrolyte balance, and hormone secretion are primarily mediated by AGTR1. The function of AGTR2 remains unclear. Here, we show that expression of the AGTR2 gene was absent in a female patient with mental retardation (MR) who had a balanced X;7 chromosomal translocation. Additionally, 8 of 590 unrelated male patients with MR were found to have sequence changes in the AGTR2 gene, including one frameshift and three missense mutations. These findings indicate a role for AGTR2 in brain development and cognitive function.
AOCD: An Adaptive Outlier Based Coordinated Scan Detection Approach (2012)

Coordinated attacks are distributed in nature because they attempt to compromise a target machine from multiple sources. It is important for network defenders and administrators to detect these scans as possible preliminaries to more serious attacks. However, it is very di±cult to detect malicious scans based on port specific behavior alone. In this paper, we present an Adaptive Outlier based approach for Coordinated scan Detection (AOCD) at an early stage with high accuracy. It is an outlier score based adaptive network anomaly detection approach that considers sets of normal instances during training. We use both normal and port scan instances for testing purpose. We achieve higher detection accuracy and low false positive rate on real-life and KDDcup99 probe datasets in comparison with existing techniques.
Discrete viscous threads (2010)

We present a continuum-based discrete model for thin threads of viscous fluid by drawing upon the Rayleigh analogy to elastic rods, demonstrating canonical coiling, folding, and breakup in dynamic simulations. Our derivation emphasizes space-time symmetry, which sheds light on the role of time-parallel transport in eliminating---without approximation---all but an O ( n ) band of entries of the physical system's energy Hessian. The result is a fast, unified, implicit treatment of viscous threads and elastic rods that closely reproduces a variety of fascinating physical phenomena, including hysteretic transitions between coiling regimes, competition between surface tension and gravity, and the first numerical fluid-mechanical sewing machine. The novel implicit treatment also yields an order of magnitude speedup in our elastic rod dynamics.
Induction of Proteinase Inhibitors in Tobacco Cell Suspension Culture by Elicitors of <i>Phytophthora parasitica</i> var. <i>nicotianae</i> (1989)

An elicitor preparation obtained from Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, a pathogen of tobacco, induced an accumulation of proteinase inhibitors and a stimulation of ethylene synthesis in a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension culture. About 30 micrograms per milliliter of elicitor were necessary for maximal induction of proteinase inhibitor accumulation, and the response was detectable after 12 hours of incubation with elicitor. Accumulation of proteinase inhibitors required de novo protein synthesis, since cycloheximide completely inhibited its elicitation, and actinomycin D inhibited it partially. One of the inhibitors was purified by a procedure that included heating, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography. The purified inhibitor was shown to be a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of about 10,500. It inhibited trypsin but not chymotrypsin.
Growth factor-dependent differentiation along the myeloid and lymphoid lineages in an immature acute T lymphocytic leukemia. (1990)

Bone marrow cells from a child with an immature (CD2+, CD5+, CD7+) acute T lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) were cultured in the presence and absence of human rIL-2, IL-3, or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. Cells cultured without growth factors failed to divide and those initiated in the presence of IL-2 or GM-CSF underwent maturation and terminal T lymphoid or myelomonocytic differentiation, respectively. In contrast, a permanent growth factor-dependent cell line, designated TALL-103/3, was established upon culture in IL-3. The TALL-103/3 cells gradually lost the T cell-specific markers and acquired a myeloid phenotype (CD15+, CD33+). Switching of the IL-3-dependent cells at an early passage to medium containing only human rIL-2 resulted in the establishment of a subline, named TALL-103/2, with a T lymphoid phenotype (CD3+, CD8+, TCR-gamma delta +, CD7+). The TALL-103/2 cells strictly require IL-2 for growth, are irreversibly committed to the lymphoid lineage, and cannot survive in the presence of any other hemopoietic growth factor tested so far. In contrast, the IL-3-dependent TALL-103/3 cells could be adapted to grow in synthetic (serum-free) medium also in the presence of either GM-CSF or IL-5, in which they retain a myeloid phenotype. Interestingly, after 18 mo in culture in IL-3, the TALL-103/3 cells can still be phenotypically converted to the lymphoid lineage upon addition of IL-2, thus maintaining its bipotentiality. Despite the marked phenotypic differences, the TALL-103/2 and TALL-103/3 cell lines show the same karyotypes with multiple abnormalities present in the primary malignant clone and have identical rearrangements of the TCR-gamma and -delta loci, thus confirming their derivation from a common precursor cell. Together, these findings indicate that the phenotype of immature T-ALL cells can be drastically modified by the presence of specific hemopoietic growth factors in the environment, leading to either lymphoid or myeloid lineage commitment while leaving their karyotype and genotype intact.
Morphology, miscibility and mechanical properties of PMMA/PC blends (2009)

This study deals with some results on morphology, miscibility and mechanical properties for polymethyl methacrylate/polycarbonate (PMMA/PC) polymer blends prepared by solution casting method at different concentration between 0 and 100 wt%. Dynamic storage modulus and tan δ were measured in a temperature range from 30 to 180°C using dynamical mechanical analyzer (DMA). The value of the storage modulus was found to increase with the addition of the PC in the matrix. Transition temperature of pure PMMA and pure PC is found to be 83.8 and 150°C, respectively. The result shows that the two polymers are miscible for whole concentration of PC in PMMA. The distribution of the phases in the blends was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also the mechanical properties like elongation at break and fracture energy of the PMMA/PC blends increase with the increase in concentration of PC in PMMA.
Interaction of Liposomes with Cell Membrane (2007)

A number of studies have appeared recently on the underlying mechanism of liposome-cell interactions under in vitro conditions, in which isolated cell populations or cell lines were used. However, our knowledge of how liposomes interact with cells, how liposomal physicochemical properties such as size, charge or fluidity, influence the interactions and the parameters that influence this in vivo is limited. We will summarize and discuss the relevant studies on this matter in this review.
Interaction of Immobilized Recombinant Mouse C-Type Macrophage Lectin with Glycopeptides and Oligosaccharides (1994)

Inflammatory and tumoricidal macrophages express galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-specific Ca(2+)-dependent lectins on their surfaces. This lectin is a family member of membrane-bound C-type animal lectins and consists of 304 amino acid residues (molecular weight 34,595). In the present study, expression vectors containing a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the carbohydrate-binding domain of mouse macrophage lectin cDNA have been prepared. The carbohydrate-binding specificity of the recombinant macrophage lectin expressed in Escherichia coli was investigated by comparing elution profiles of various glycopeptides having defined carbohydrate structures on immobilized lectins. When elution profiles of high mannose-type and complex-type Asn-linked carbohydrate chains were compared, the degree of retardation from immobilized macrophage lectin column was in the order tetraantennary complex-type with terminal galactosyl residues > triantennary complex-type with terminal galactosyl residues > biantennary complex-type with terminal galactosyl residues > high mannose-type glycopeptides. N-Terminal octapeptides from human glycophorin A that bore three NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3(NeuAc alpha 2-6)GalNAc serine/threonine-linked tetrasaccharide chains and their sequentially deglycosylated derivatives were also applied to this column. Glycopeptides carrying three constitutive GalNAc-Ser/Thr(Tn-antigen) had the strongest affinity, whereas those with fully sialylated carbohydrate tetrasaccharide chains showed weak interaction. The association kinetics of Asn-linked glycopeptides from bovine asialofetuin to recombinant macrophage lectin was determined by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The results indicate k(assoc) value of 1.63 x 10(4) M-1 s-1. The calculated value for Ka was 6.20 x 10(7) M.
The effects of a mixture of surface-active agents (Sonarex) on upper airways resistance and snoring in anaesthetized dogs (1988)

We measured upper airways resistance from the trachea and from the pharynx to the atmosphere, EMG of the genioglossus muscle and the sound of snoring, in anaesthetized greyhounds, breathing spontaneously through the upper airways. Using extra-corporeally produced continuous flow we determined flow/pressure curves for the upper airways and resistances from the trachea and from the pharynx. We tested the effects of 0.9% saline and of Sonarex (a proprietary mixture containing sodium chloride, glycerol, polysorbate 80 and benzalkonium chloride). Both saline and Sonarex decreased upper airways resistance, but the latter did so more consistently. With Sonarex, genioglossus activity increased and the sound of snoring decreased. Flow/pressure curves 5-20 min after Sonarex showed a decrease in upper airways resistance and a smoother curve, whereas those with saline showed an increase in resistance. The sound produced by continuous flow through the upper airways was decreased by Sonarex but increased by saline. Thus, both Sonarex and saline decrease upper airways resistance, but Sonarex also reduces the sound of snoring and the resistance and sound of continuous airflow through the upper airways.
Using multi-objective design space exploration to enable run-time resource management for reconfigurable architectures (2012)

Resource run-time managers have been shown particularly effective for coordinating the usage of the hardware resources by multiple applications, eliminating the necessity of a full-blown operating system. For this reason, we expect that this technology will be increasingly adopted in emerging multi-application reconfigurable systems. This paper introduces a fully automated design flow that exploits multi-objective design space exploration to enable runtime resource management for the Molen reconflgurable architecture. The entry point of the design flow is the application source code; our flow is able to heuristically determine a set of candidate hardware/software configurations of the application (i.e., operating points) that trade off the occupation of the reconflgurable fabric (in this case, an FPGA), the load of the master processor and the performance of the application itself. This information enables a run-time manager to exploit more efficiently the available system resources in the context of multiple applications. We present the results of an experimental campaign where we applied the proposed design flow to two reference audio applications mapped on the Molen architecture. The analysis proved that the overhead of the design space exploration and operating points extraction with respect to the original Molen flow is within reasonable bounds since the final synthesis time still represents the major contribution. Besides, we have found that there is a high variance in terms of execution time speedup associated with the operating points of the application (characterized by a different usage of the FPGA) which can be exploited by the run-time manager to increase/decrease the quality of service of the application depending on the available resources <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
The spectrum of factor XI deficiency in Italy (2013)

Factor XI (FXI) deficiency is a rare inherited bleeding disorder invariably caused by mutations in the FXI gene. The disorder is rather frequent in Ashkenazi Jews, in whom around 98% of the abnormal alleles is represented by Glu117X and Phe283Leu mutations. A wide heterogeneity of causative mutations has been previously reported in a few FXI deficient patients from Italy. In this article, we enlarge the knowledge on the genetic background of FXI deficiency in Italy. Over 4 years, 22 index cases, eight with severe deficiency and 14 with partial deficiency, have been evaluated. A total of 21 different mutations in 30 disease-associated alleles were identified, 10 of which were novel. Among them, a novel Asp556Gly dysfunctional mutation was also identified. Glu117X was also detected, as previously reported from other patients in Italy, while again Phe283Leu was not identified. A total of 34 heterozygous relatives were also identified. Bleeding tendency was present in very few cases, being inconsistently related to the severity of FXI deficiency in plasma. In conclusion, at variance with other populations, no single major founder effect is present in Italian patients with FXI deficiency.
Attention-Based Motion Perception (1992)

Two "attentive" tracking tasks reveal the existence of an attention-based motion process. In the first task, oppositely rotating luminance and color gratings were superimposed. Because of masking from the color grating, the bars of the luminance grating were not visible; nevertheless, their motion was visible and it determined the perceived direction of the stimulus rotation. On the other hand, the bars of the color grating were visible but they could only be seen to move (in the opposite direction to the overall stimulus rotation) when they were tracked with attention. In a second task, the perceived velocity of a color grating, typically slow at equiluminance, speeded up when individual bars were attentively tracked. These findings demonstrate two independent motion processes: one that is "low-level" or automatic in that it signals motion even in the absence of attention to the stimulus, and one that is mediated by attention to visible features and provides accurate velocity judgments independently of the features being tracked.
Analysis of control systems with delay using of differential transformation method (2002)

A new approach of control systems analysis is presented, which is based on the differential transformations of effects and equations. In the case of a known differential equation of systems or its separate sections the solution can be obtained with essential increase of accuracy.
Ceria-promoted three-way catalysts for auto exhaust emission control (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCeria-promoted three-way catalysts for auto exhaust emission controlGwan KimCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1982, 21, 2, 267–274Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300006a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i300006a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1018Altmetric-Citations179LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity by a Novel Drug Candidate, BGP-15, in Different Animal Studies (2014)

Our results indicate that the insulin-sensitizing effect of BGP-15 is comparable to conventional insulin sensitizers. This might be of clinical utility in the treatment of T2DM.
The heart of<i>Ciona intestinalis</i>: eicosanoid-generating capacity and the effects of precursor fatty acids and eicosanoids on heart rate (2002)

Eicosanoids are a group of oxygenated fatty-acid derivatives formed from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In mammals, these compounds have been shown to be key molecules in several physiological processes including regulation of the vascular system. This study determined whether eicosanoids or their precursors are involved in the regulation of heart rate in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. Eicosanoid generation by both heart and blood cells was measured. The major lipoxygenase products formed were both derivatives of eicosapentaenoic acid, namely 8- and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (8-HEPE and 12-HEPE). Smaller amounts of 8,15-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8,15-diHEPE) were also formed. The cyclo-oxygenase product prostaglandin E was also found in small amounts in the heart. Isolated hearts were exposed either to these fatty acid precursors or to 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE or prostaglandin E3, and the effect on heart rate was recorded. Both eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids stimulated the heart rate at concentrations between 50 and 200 micromol l(-1). 12-HEPE (5 micromol l(-1)) and prostaglandin E3 (50 micromoll(-1)) caused a modest increase in heart rate, while 8-HEPE had no significant effects at any of the time periods studied (<or=180 min). Overall, the results show that arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids have limited effects on heart rate and only at concentrations unlikely to be routinely liberated in vivo. Similarly, the eicosanoids tested had a minor stimulatory activity on heart rate. The potential mechanisms for this stimulation are discussed. Overall, these results suggest that such compounds are of limited importance in regulating the heart and vascular system of sea squirts.
Assessment of Endothelial Damage/Dysfunction: A Focus on Circulating Endothelial Cells (2007)

Endothelial injury represents a major initiating step in the pathogenesis of vascular disease and atherosclerosis. The identification and quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) has evolved as a novel marker of endothelial function. As a technique, it correlates with other markers of endothelial function such as flow-mediated dilation, the measurement of von Willebrand factor, and tissue plasminogen activator. Quantification of CECs is difficult due to low numbers, variable morphology, and a lack of standardization in current techniques used. CECs appear to be a different population of cells to endothelial progenitor cells. Increased CECs have been noted in a number of disease states and is evolving as a novel method of assessment of both disease severity and response to treatment.
Identifying biomarkers as diagnostic tools in kidney transplantation (2011)

There is a critical need for biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment response, and surrogate end point and outcome prediction in organ transplantation, leading to a tailored and individualized treatment. Genomic and proteomic platforms have provided multiple promising new biomarkers during the last few years. However, there is still no routine application of any of these markers in clinical transplantation. This article will discuss the existing gap between biomarker discovery and clinical application in the kidney transplant setting. Approaches to implementing biomarker monitoring into clinical practice will also be discussed.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE FORMED BY LEISHMANIA MAJOR (2006)

Protozoan parasites of Leishmania spp. invade macrophages as promastigotes and differentiate into replicative amastigotes within parasitophorous vacuoles. Infection of inbred strains of mice with Leishmania major is a well-studied model of the mammalian immune response to Leishmania species, but the ultrastructure and biochemical properties of the parasitophorous vacuole occupied by this parasite have been best characterized for other species of Leishmania. We examined the parasitophorous vacuole occupied by L. major in lymph nodes of infected mice and in bone marrow-derived macrophages infected in vitro. At all time points after infection, single L. major amastigotes were wrapped tightly by host membrane, suggesting that amastigotes segregate into separate vacuoles during replication. This small, individual vacuole contrasts sharply with the large, communal vacuoles occupied by Leishmania amazonensis. An extensive survey of the literature revealed that the single vacuoles occupied by L. major are characteristic of those formed by Old World species of Leishmania, while New World species of Leishmania form large vacuoles occupied by many amastigotes.