gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incremental Verification Techniques for an Updated Architectural Specification (2009)

This paper explores the utility of making use of previously proved component properties and available simulation traces at the component and system level of a composite design for proving a newly added architectural property of the design. We present two techniques of reusing these prior verification results for proving or disproving the architectural property without doing full-scale formal verification of it on the total design from scratch, which runs into capacity issues, or running the already run simulations once again with this new property as an assertion, which is extremely time-consuming and leads to significant wastage of validation effort. We have experimented with our proposed approach on AMBA AHB example and have obtained encouraging results.
Intracellular calcium signaling (2002)

In excitable cells, the major pathway for Ca2+ influx is via highly Ca2+-selective voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC). The original alphabetical nomenclature was replaced recently with standard numerical nomenclature: Cav1.1-1.4, Cav2.1-2.3, Cav3.1-3.3. In skeletal muscle cells, an additional
Quantification of chemotactic peptides (C5a anaphylatoxin and IL-8) in psoriatic lesional skin (1993)

<h3>• Background and Design.—</h3> Psoriatic scale extracts contain a unique chemotactic peptide fraction that is likely to be involved in the induction of rhythmic transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis. Recent studies have identified the presence of two unrelated chemotactic peptides in this fraction, ie, C5a/ C5a des Arg and interleukin 8 (IL-8), and its related cytokines. To investigate their relative contribution to the transepidermal leukocyte migration as well as their interrelationship in psoriatic lesions, we have quantified concentrations of immunoreactive C5a/C5a des Arg and IL-8 in psoriatic lesional scale extracts and those from related sterile pustular dermatoses such as subcorneal pustular dermatosis and pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. <h3>Results.—</h3> The concentrations of C5a/C5a des Arg and IL-8 were more significantly increased in the horny-tissue extracts from lesional skin than in those from noninflammatory orthokeratotic skin (<i>P</i><.01). The increase of C5a/C5a des Arg concentration was specific to the lesional scale extracts, but showed a rather wide range of variation. By contrast, IL-8 concentration, although consistently increased in the lesional scale extracts, was also moderately increased even in noninflammatory scale extracts prepared from ichthyosis vulgaris. The elevation of IL-8 levels in psoriatic lesions was also confirmed by measuring their levels in cutaneous tissue fluid samples collected from suction blisters. However, unexpectedly, some control samples obtained from normal skin also showed a moderate increase in the IL-8 level. Neutrophil chemotactic activity correlated significantly only with the levels of C5a/C5a des Arg in the scales (<i>P</i><.05). No such significant correlation was found between chemotactic activity and IL-8 or between C5a/C5a des Arg and IL-8. <h3>Conclusion.—</h3> Based on these results, we speculate that, although IL-8 may exert a synergistic effect with C5a/C5a des Arg in the induction of transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis, it constitutes a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the production of the persistent inflammatory changes characterized by a T-lymphocyte infiltration. In contrast, C5a/C5a des Arg seems to be generated only in the inflammatory lesional skin under specific circumstances that preferentially favor complement activation and also seems to play a major role in the induction of cyclic transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis from "squirting papillae." (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1993;129:74-80)
A television display using acoustic deflection and modulation of coherent light (1966)

Bragg reflection of laser light by ultrasonic waves in water produces the horizontal deflection in a television display. The ultrasonic waves are frequency-modulated with a sawtooth function. Deflection angles are small but there are 200 resolvable positions; the constant rate of angular change which characterizes a television scan permits the use of a wide optical aperture, leading to a small spot size. Conventional optical magnification follows the horizontal deflection, rendering a 3 MHz video signal visible on the screen. Bragg reflection requires the acoustic wave front to be symmetrical with respect to the incident and diffracted light rays. Thus, as the Bragg angle is altered, the acoustic wavefront should rotate. This is accomplished by a phased array of transducer strips whose combined wavefront rotates as the frequency changes, providing excellent correction over a wide band (19 to 35 MHz in this experiment, corresponding to a ±30 percent change in Bragg angle). Broadband electrical and acoustical matching techniques make it possible to diffract all the incident light with about one watt of electrical input. A second acoustic diffraction cell intensity-modulates the light. In an early experiment, the laser beam was constricted to a very small diameter before entering the modulator cell; even so, the finite beam size caused a significant loss of high-frequency response. An improved version uses an old principle (Scophony, 1939): the laser beam traversing the cell is made wide enough to encompass several picture elements, all traveling across the beam at sound velocity; the horizontal deflection system nullifies the apparent motion of these elements making them stand still on the screen while a fan of light sweeps over them. With this modulation system, spatial coherence is needed only across the vertical dimension of the laser. The tolerance on the orientation of the acoustic wavefronts, the improvement brought about by the phased array, and the amount of power needed to drive the diffraction cell are calculated and the results confirmed by measurement. there is also good agreement between the exprimentally observed optical resolution (spatial frequency response) and the theoretical expectation based on the computed far-field intensity pattern.
Expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i>of the carboxy terminal domain of the BLAR sensory-transducer protein of<i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>as a water-soluble<i>M</i><sub>r</sub>26 000 penicillin-binding protein (1990)

A cloning vector has been constructed which allows production and export by Escherichia coli of the Met346-Arg601 carboxy terminal domain of the 601 amino acid BLAR sensory-transducer involved in beta-lactamase inducibility in Bacillus licheniformis. The polypeptide, referred to as BLAR-CTD, accumulates in the periplasm of E. coli in the form of a water-soluble, Mr 26,000 penicillin-binding protein. These data and homology searches suggest that BLAR has a membrane topology similar to that of other sensory-transducers involved in chemotaxis.
Detoxification of the Fusarium Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol by a UDP-glucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana (2003)

Plant pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium cause agriculturally important diseases of small grain cereals and maize. Trichothecenes are a class of mycotoxins produced by different Fusarium species that inhibit eukaryotic protein biosynthesis and presumably interfere with the expression of genes induced during the defense response of the plants. One of its members, deoxynivalenol, most likely acts as a virulence factor during fungal pathogenesis and frequently accumulates in grain to levels posing a threat to human and animal health. We report the isolation and characterization of a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a UDP-glycosyltransferase that is able to detoxify deoxynivalenol. The enzyme, previously assigned the identifier UGT73C5, catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to the hydroxyl group at carbon 3 of deoxynivalenol. Using a wheat germ extract-coupled transcription/translation system we have shown that this enzymatic reaction inactivates the mycotoxin. This deoxynivalenol-glucosyltransferase (DOGT1) was also found to detoxify the acetylated derivative 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, whereas no protective activity was observed against the structurally similar nivalenol. Expression of the glucosyltransferase is developmentally regulated and induced by deoxynivalenol as well as salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Constitutive overexpression in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced tolerance against deoxynivalenol.
William Robin Thompson (1959)

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Estimating algorithm of angular velocity on assisted motor (2009)

Angular velocity of assisted motor is the switch criteria for different control models of EPS. Reasonable estimation for angular velocity not only reduces the hardware configuration of EPS and decreases the hardware cost of the system, but also increases the reliability of the system. Hinfin control theory was applied to angular velocity estimation of assisted motor. An Hinfin filter was designed. The measurement noise from voltage sensor and current sensor was selected as exogenous disturbances. The estimated error for angular velocity was determined as adjusted output. The filter was simulated under simulink environment of Matlab. The simulation result shows that the estimating algorithm is feasible.
Performance assessment for liner shipping industry: a multi-attribute analysis by the balanced scorecard (BSC) (2013)

This paper investigates the performance assessment of liner shipping industry and presents a multi-dimensional evaluation framework to ensure both financial and non-financial monitoring. The traditional performance assessment approach is based on the financial indicators such as ratio analysis, but it is limited to the fiscal perspective. The meaning of performance has dramatically changed and non-financial (and intangible) assets increased their importance in recent years. Under these circumstances, the multi-attribute performance assessment methods play a critical role to combine many aspects of the business. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is originally developed for the multi-attribute performance assessment and its philosophy on business process evaluation pioneered the importance of key performance indicators and the quality management issues including the internal customer. Service quality and the business performance assessment are some of the hot issues in the liner shipping industry and the long term competitiveness is a critical concern in the recent liner shipping business. The BSC method is utilized to ensure a cumulative analysis of the short/long and tangible/intangible indicators of performance and computes the weight of each criterion by using Fuzzy-AHP method in the liner shipping industry.
Identification of an Orally Efficacious GPR40/FFAR1 Receptor Agonist (2016)

GPR40/FFAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and activated by long-chain free fatty acids, mediating enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A novel series of substituted 3-(4-aryloxyaryl)propanoic acid derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their activities as GPR40 agonists, leading to the identification of compound <b>5</b>, which is highly potent in <i>in vitro</i> assays and exhibits robust glucose lowering effects during an oral glucose tolerance test in nSTZ Wistar rat model of diabetes (ED<sub>50</sub> = 0.8 mg/kg; ED<sub>90</sub> = 3.1 mg/kg) with excellent pharmacokinetic profile, and devoid of cytochromes P450 isoform inhibitory activity.
Dimer State of Spin-1 Bosons in an Optical Lattice (2003)

We consider spin-1 bosons, such as 23Na, trapped in an optical lattice, in the regime of one particle per site. We argue that the ground state is expected to be the dimer phase in one, two, or three dimensions, thus realizing a state that has so far been studied only theoretically.
Turbojet Analytical Model Development and Validation (2012)

These results suggest a need for multilevel HIV testing interventions and informed the development of a mobile health intervention aiming to increase HIV knowledge and risk perception among AYA, while reducing barriers to testing at the individual and structural levels, supporting efforts to end the domestic HIV epidemic.
Investigation of the Mechanism for Acetic Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel (2013)

Abstract Acetic acid is recognized as an important factor in mild steel corrosion. Like carbonic acid, acetic acid is a weak acid, which partially dissociates as a function of pH and the solution temperature. Stronger than carbonic acid (pKa 4.76 vs. 6.35 at 25°C), acetic acid is the main source of hydrogen ions when the concentration of each acid is the same. According to many studies, acetic acid enhances the corrosion rate of mild steel by accelerating the cathodic reaction. The mechanism of acetic acid reduction at the metal surface is still being debated. When the reduction of the adsorbed acetic acid molecule occurs at the metal surface, the mechanism is called “direct reduction”. If the role of acetic acid is to dissociate near the metal surface to provide additional hydrogen ions and the only cathodic reduction is reduction of hydrogen ions, this mechanism is referred to as a “buffering effect”. In the present study, electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic sweeps and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used in order to investigate the effect of acetic acid on the cathodic reaction. It was found that acetic acid affects only the limiting cathodic current, but had no effect on the charge transfer current. The charge transfer current is found to respond to a change of pH. It was concluded that the buffering effect was proven correct.
Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Tier 2 Reading Instruction for First-Grade Students With a High Probability of Reading Failure (2014)

Abstract This research investigated the immediate and long-term effects of a Tier 2 intervention for beginning readers identified as having a high probability of reading failure using a randomized control trial. First-grade participants (n = 123) were randomly assigned either to a 25-session intervention targeting key reading components, including decoding, spelling, word recognition, fluency, and comprehension, or to a no-treatment control condition. Analyses of immediate posttests (end of first grade) indicated significant differences in measures of Decodable Word Fluency (effect size = .40) favoring the intervention group. Within the intervention group, tutor ratings of attention were significantly related to growth in Passage Reading Fluency and Spelling Fluency. Longitudinal assessments (end of second grade) indicated no significant differences by group. Analysis of responder status indicated that students defined as responders maintained gains to the end of second grade.
Solution‐Processed, Organophilic Membrane Derived from a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (2004)

A polymer with a rigid, randomly contorted molecular structure (see Figure), incorporating fused rings connected by spiro‐centres, may be precipitated or cast from solution to give microporous powders and membranes stable up to temperatures of 350 °C, with apparent surface areas > 600 m 2 g –1 . Organophilic membranes may be formed, as demonstrated by the separation of phenol from water by pervaporation.
The Mathematical Dog. (2008)

Extraordinary Animals Season 2 Episode 1 S2E1 Maggie is a seven-year-old Jack Russell that can do simple mathematical calculations by tapping correct answers using her paw. Animal experts travel to her Florida home to assess the claims for themselves, and after passing these tests she is put in competition with children the same age.
Computational Aberration Correction for an Arbitrary Linear Imaging System (2001)

We show that aberration corrections can be made in any arbitrary linear imaging system provided the aberrations are well characterized and at least one of these aberrations can be independently varied in a well-controlled manner. We derive a generalization of the Schrödinger equation for wave propagation in aberration space assuming forward scattering. Transport equations in aberration space are derived. A general iterative algorithm which can retrieve the phase, and is robust in the presence of noise, is also derived. This is demonstrated using simulated data pertinent to electron microscopy, from a series of images with differing spherical aberration.
Behavior of lens aberrations as a function of wavelength on KrF and ArF lithography scanners (2001)

In this paper we study the effects of changing the operating laser wavelength on the projection lens aberrations of KrF and ArF scanners as measured by the Litel In-Situ Interferometer. Specifically, we quantify the change in 28 individual Zernike coefficients as a function of wavelength as well as the total RMS. Effects on Zernike's exhibiting a field dependent behavior are described in detail. We convert the Z4 terms to Z positions to estimate the displacement of the image plane, and we identify a new chromatic distortion term. Finally, we input the measured wavefronts into a lithographic simulator to estimate the full effects on image placement error.
Hill‐Sachs “Remplissage:” An Arthroscopic Solution For the Engaging Hill‐Sachs Lesion. (SS‐02) (2007)

Anterior traumatic shoulder instability, presenting with both glenoid bone loss and a Hill-Sachs lesion, has been shown to be recalcitrant to arthroscopic stabilization. This paper presents the results of an arthroscopic technique that is used to treat those difficult instability patients who present with anterior inferior glenoid loss and a Hill-Sachs lesion. The technique is a combined arthroscopic posterior capsulodesis and infraspinatus tenodesis using sutures and suture anchors that fills (Remplissage: french.: to fill) the Hill-Sachs lesion.
Increased Release of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors Into Blood During Clinical Sepsis (1994)

These data indicate that an enhanced release of sTNFRs during severe sepsis is not solely induced by endotoxin. Since the degree of increased sTNFR levels portended poorly for patient survival, elevated sTNFR levels may represent a good marker for severity of sepsis, thus predicting outcome.
Cirrhosis and portal hypertension: The importance of risk stratification, the role of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement (2015)

Portal hypertension is the main prognostic factor in cirrhosis. The recent emergence of potent antiviral drugs and new algorithm of treatment for the management of complications due to portal hypertension have sensibly changed our perception of cirrhosis that can be now considered as a multistage liver disease whose mortality risk can be reduced by a tailored approach for any stage of risk. Experts recommend to move toward a pathophysiological classification of cirrhosis that considers both structural and functional changes. The hepatic venous pressure gradient HVPG, is the reference gold standard to estimate the severity of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. It correlates with both structural and functional changes that occur in cirrhosis and carries valuable prognostic information to stratify the mortality risk. This article provides a general overview of the pathophysiology and natural course of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. We propose a simplified classification of cirrhosis based on low, intermediate and high mortality stage. The prognostic information provided by HVPG is presented according to each stage. A comparison with prognostic models based on clinical and endoscopic variables is discussed in order to evidence the additional contribute given by HVPG on top of other clinical and instrumental variables widely used in clinical practice.
Methods in neuronal modeling: From synapses to networks (1989)

Methods in Neuronal is the first technical handbook on computational neuroscience. Written for researchers and theoreticians alike, it outlines methods and techniques used for simulating on digital computers the functional properties of single neurons from synapses, dendrites, single cells; and small invertebrate networks to large scale neural networks in the mammalian nervous system.The use of new experimental tools such as selective staining methods, membrane patch electrodes, voltage and calcium-dependent dyes, and multielectrode recordings, together with the, advent of universally available powerful computing, makes it possible to construct detailed and realistic models of neuronal systems. Methods in Neuronal Modeling addresses such questions as what can and should be simulated and what techniques should be used; what experimental parameters are crucial for such simulations, and whether these models may be verified experimentally.Chapters cover simulation of passive dendritic trees, compartmental models of single cells including neurons with a number of different ionic channels, calcium current dynamics, simulations of small invertebrate networks, simulations of the mammalian cortex, connectionists' models, and the use of parallel computers in modeling neural networks. Although the chapters were written by several authors, they are uniform in structure and notation. Detailed examples are given to clarify the different approaches. Each chapter concludes with a description of the model discussed and the details of its implementation on the computer.Christof Koch is an Assistant Professor of Computation and Neural Systems at the California Institute of Technology. Idan Segev is a Lecturer in Neurobiology at the Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Methods in Neuronal Modeling inaugurates the new series in Computational Neuroscience, edited by Terrence J. Sejnowski and Tomaso Poggio. A Bradford Book.
U1 small nuclear RNAs with altered specificity can be stably expressed in mammalian cells and promote permanent changes in pre-mRNA splicing. (1993)

Pre-mRNA 5' splice site activity depends, at least in part, on base complementarity to U1 small nuclear RNA. In transient coexpression assays, defective 5' splice sites can regain activity in the presence of U1 carrying compensatory changes, but it is unclear whether such mutant U1 RNAs can be permanently expressed in mammalian cells. We have explored this issue to determine whether U1 small nuclear RNAs with altered specificity may be of value to rescue targeted mutant genes or alter pre-mRNA processing profiles. This effort was initiated following our observation that U1 with specificity for a splice site associated with an alternative H-ras exon substantially reduced the synthesis of the potentially oncogenic p21ras protein in transient assays. We describe the development of a mammalian complementation system that selects for removal of a splicing-defective intron placed within a drug resistance gene. Complementation was observed in proportion to the degree of complementarity between transfected mutant U1 genes and different defective splice sites, and all cells selected in this manner were found to express mutant U1 RNA. In addition, these cells showed specific activation of defective splice sites presented by an unlinked reporter gene. We discuss the prospects of this approach to permanently alter the expression of targeted genes in mammalian cells.