gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining linear regression models: when and how (2003)

Model combining (mixing) methods have been proposed in recent years to deal with uncertainty in model selection. Even though advantages of model combining over model selection have been demonstrated in simulations and data examples, it is still unclear to a large extent when model com-bining should be preferred. In this work, rstly, an instability measure to capture the uncertainty of model selection in estimation, named PIE, is proposed based on perturbation of the sample. It is demonstrated that estimators from model selection can have large PIE values and model combining substantially reduces the instability for such cases. Secondly, we propose a model combining method, ARMS, and derive a theoretical property. In ARMS, a screening step is taken to narrow down the list of candidate models before combining, which not only saves computing time but also can im-prove estimation accuracy. Thirdly, we compare ARMS with EBMA (an empirical Bayesian model averaging) and model selection methods in a number of simulations and real data examples. The comparison shows that model combining produces better estimators when the instability of model selection is high and ARMS performs better than EBMA in most such cases in our simulations. With respect to the choice between model selection and model combining, we propose a rule of thumb in terms of PIE. The empirical results support that PIE is a sensible indicator of model selection instability in estimation and is useful for understanding whether model combining is a better choice over model selection for the data at hand.
VPE Growth of n ‐ AlAs on GaAs for Heterojunction Devices (1976)

Vapor phase epitaxial growth of on Zn‐doped substrates by chloride transport in an all‐alumina reactor yields useful heterojunction material. Smooth, planar interfaces and gently hummocked top surfaces have been obtained. The heterojunctions are found to be abrupt, both metallurgically and electrically, and have been used to demonstrate large area, high efficiency solar cells. The utility of Mn and Be as p‐type dopants for vapor phase growth has been explored, without success.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation through Fc epsilon receptor I and stem cell factor receptor is differentially regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and calcineurin in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. (1999)

Aggregation of high affinity FcR for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) on mast cells activates intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the activation of protein tyrosine kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and protein kinase C. Binding of stem cell factor (SCF) to its receptor (SCFR, c-Kit) on mast cells also induces increases in intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and activation of PI3-kinase. Although ligation of both receptors induces Ras and Raf-1 activation, the downstream consequences of these early activation events are not well defined, except for the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Addition of Ag (OVA) to mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) sensitized with anti-OVA IgE triggers the activation of three members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAP kinase (p38), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases. SCF similarly activates all three MAP kinases. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, inhibited both Fc epsilon RI- and SCFR-mediated JNK activation and partially inhibited Fc epsilon RI, but not SCFR-mediated p38 activation. Cyclosporin A inhibited Fc epsilon RI-mediated JNK and p38 activation, but did not affect the activation of these kinases when stimulated through the SCFR. Wortmannin and cyclosporin A inhibited Fc epsilon RI-mediated production of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in addition to serotonin release in BMMC. These results indicate that both PI3-kinase and calcineurin may contribute to the regulation of cytokine gene transcription and the degranulation response by modulating JNK activity in BMMC.
Sulforaphane is a Nrf2-independent inhibitor of mitochondrial fission (2016)

The KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant system is a principal means by which cells respond to oxidative and xenobiotic stresses. Sulforaphane (SFN), an electrophilic isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, activates the KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and has become a molecule-of-interest in the treatment of diseases in which chronic oxidative stress plays a major etiological role. We demonstrate here that the mitochondria of cultured, human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE-1) cells treated with SFN undergo hyperfusion that is independent of both Nrf2 and its cytoplasmic inhibitor KEAP1. Mitochondrial fusion has been reported to be cytoprotective by inhibiting pore formation in mitochondria during apoptosis, and consistent with this, we show Nrf2-independent, cytoprotection of SFN-treated cells exposed to the apoptosis-inducer, staurosporine. Mechanistically, SFN mitigates the recruitment and/or retention of the soluble fission factor Drp1 to mitochondria and to peroxisomes but does not affect overall Drp1 abundance. These data demonstrate that the beneficial properties of SFN extend beyond activation of the KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE system and warrant further interrogation given the current use of this agent in multiple clinical trials.
Colorless polyimide nanocomposite films containing hexafluoroisopropylidene group (2009)

Abstract Poly(amic acid) (PAA) was prepared by the reaction of 4,4'‐(hexafluoro‐isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with 2,2'‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl] hexafluoropropane (BAPP) in N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Hybrid films were obtained from blend solutions of the precursor polymer and the organoclay Cloisite 15A, varying the organoclay content from 0 to 3.0 wt%. The cast PAA film was heat‐treated at different temperatures to create polyimide (PI) hybrid films, which showed excellent optical transparencies and were almost colorless. The intercalation of PI chains in the organoclays was examined by means of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). In addition, the thermo‐mechanical properties were tested using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and a universal tensile machine (UTM). In the XRD, SEM, and TEM results for the PI hybrid films, a substantial increase in the agglomeration of the clay particles was observed as the clay loading was increased from 0.5 to 3.0 wt%. This suggests that in the hybrid materials with low clay content, the clay particles are better dispersed in the matrix polymer and do not agglomerate significantly. We found that the addition of a small amount of organoclay is sufficient to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the PI, with the maximum enhancement being observed at 1.0 wt% Cloisite 15A. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and Control of Vibration in Mechanical Systems (2010)

From the ox carts and pottery wheels the spacecrafts and disk drives, efficiency and quality has always been dependent on the engineer’s ability to anticipate and control the effects of vibration. And while progress in negating the noise, wear, and inefficiency caused by vibration has been made, more is needed. Modeling and Control of Vibration in Mechanical Systems answers the essential needs of practitioners in systems and control with the most comprehensive resource available on the subject. Written as a reference for those working in high precision systems, this uniquely accessible volume: Differentiates between kinds of vibration and their various characteristics and effects Offers a close-up look at mechanical actuation systems that are achieving remarkably high precision positioning performance Includes techniques for rejecting vibrations of different frequency ranges Covers the theoretical developments and principles of control design with detail elaborate enough that readers will be able to apply the techniques with the help of MATLAB® Details a wealth of practical working examples as well as a number of simulation and experimental results with comprehensive evaluations The modern world’s ever-growing spectra of sophisticated engineering systems such as hard disk drives, aeronautic systems, and manufacturing systems have little tolerance for unanticipated vibration of even the slightest magnitude. Accordingly, vibration control continues to draw intensive focus from top control engineers and modelers. This resource demonstrates the remarkable results of that focus to date, and most importantly gives today’s researchers the technology that they need to build upon into the future. Chunling Du is currently researching modeling and advanced servo control of hard disk drives at the Data Storage Institute in Singapore. Lihua Xie is the Director of the Centre for Intelligent Machines and a professor at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.
Temporal masking of multidimensional tactual stimuli (2003)

Experiments were performed to examine the temporal masking properties of multidimensional tactual stimulation patterns delivered to the left index finger. The stimuli consisted of fixed-frequency sinusoidal motions in the kinesthetic (2 or 4 Hz), midfrequency (30 Hz), and cutaneous (300 Hz) frequency ranges. Seven stimuli composed of one, two, or three spectral components were constructed at each of two signal durations (125 or 250 ms). Subjects identified target signals under three different masking paradigms: forward masking, backward masking, and sandwiched masking (in which the target is presented between two maskers). Target identification was studied as a function of interstimulus interval (ISI) in the range 0 to 640 ms. For both signal durations, percent-correct scores increased with ISI for each of the three masking paradigms. Scores with forward and backward masking were similar and significantly higher than scores obtained with sandwiched masking. Analyses of error trials revealed that subjects showed a tendency to respond, more often than chance, with the masker, the composite of the masker and target, or the combination of the target and a component of the masker. The current results are compared to those obtained in previous studies of tactual recognition masking with brief cutaneous spatial patterns. The results are also discussed in terms of estimates of information transfer (IT) and IT rate, are compared to previous studies with multidimensional tactual signals, and are related to research on the development of tactual aids for the deaf.
Tumor antigen-independent and cell size variation-inclusive enrichment of viable circulating tumor cells (2019)

Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood provides a minimally-invasive alternative for basic understanding, diagnosis, and prognosis of metastatic cancer. The roles and clinical values of CTCs are under intensive investigation, yet most studies are limited by technical challenges in the comprehensive enrichment of intact and viable CTCs with minimal white blood cell (WBC) contamination. Here, we report a novel method based on contrast of cell magnetization in biocompatible ferrofluids (a colloidal magnetic nanoparticle suspension), termed as integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (iFCS), that enriches CTCs in a tumor antigen-independent and cell size variation-inclusive manner, achieves a high throughput (12 mL h-1), high recovery rate (99.08% at down to ∼10 cells per mL spike ratio), and low WBC contamination (533 cells for every one milliliter blood processed) and is biocompatible. This method will enable large cohort research to define the clinical and diagnostic value of CTC subtypes.
Progesterone-regulated cyclic modulation of membrane metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase) in human endometrium. (1991)

Membrane metalloendopeptidase (MMEP; EC 3.4.24.11; enkephalinase) catalyzes the degradation of endothelins, enkephalins, atrial natriuretic factor, substance P, and other small bioactive peptides. We found that MMEP is present in human endometrium, localized primarily in stromal cells of this tissue, and that the specific activity of MMEP (and immunoreactive MMEP protein) in endometrial tissue is correlated in a highly significant positive manner with the concentration of progesterone in plasma. In estrogen-treated, human endometrial stromal cells in monolayer culture, the specific activity of MMEP increases in response to treatment with progestin; and, this increase is accompanied by increases in immunoreactive MMEP protein, newly synthesized MMEP, and MMEP mRNA.
Photoemission study of the negative electron affinity surfaces of O/Cs/Si(001)2×1 and O/K/Si(001)2×1 (1990)

We have found that a negative electron affinity (NEA) surface can be formed by exposing a K-saturated Si(001)2×1 surface to oxygen gas just as in the formation of a NEA surface of O/Cs/Si(001)2×1. By x-ray photoelectron diffraction we have found that the arrangement of O and K atoms in the NEA O/K/Si(001)2×1 surface is essentially the same as that in the NEA O/Cs/Si(001)2×1 surface in which a double layer of alkali metal is preserved. Angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) has been applied to the two NEA surfaces. The resulting ARUPS spectra can give useful information on bonding at the NEA surfaces if they are combined with theoretical calculations.
Real-time immersive performance visualization and steering (2000)

article Real-time immersive performance visualization and steering Share on Authors: Eric Shaffer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignView Profile , Daniel A. Reed University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 34Issue 2May 2000 pp 11–14https://doi.org/10.1145/351440.351443Online:01 May 2000Publication History 2citation660DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads660Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Mutilayer Films of Gold Nanoparticles for Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembled multilayer films of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a silicon wafer were demonstrated to be promising substrates for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) of peptides and environmental pollutants for the first time. LBL multilayer films, (AuNPs/PAHC)n, consisting of alternating layers of ammonium citrate capped AuNPs and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAHC) were prepared on a silicon surface. Silicon plates with aggregated AuNPs were more suitable than those with dispersed AuNPs for the SALDI-MS of peptides. The number of particle layers had a significant effect on the laser desorption/ionization of angiotensin I; the peak intensity of the peptide (molecular ion amount) increased with an increase in the number of layers of AuNPs. As a result, the (AuNPs/PAHC)5 multilayer films increased the sensitivity of the angiotensin I to subfemtomoles and raised the useful analyte mass range, thus making it possible to detect small proteins (a 12 kDa cytochrome c). The signal enhancement when using (AuNPs/PAHC)5 may be due to (i) the high absorption of the UV laser light at 337 nm by the AuNP layers, (ii) the low thermal conductivity due to the AuNPs being covered with a thin monolayer of PAHC, and (iii) the increase in the surface roughness (approximately 100 nm) with the number of AuNP layers. Thus, laser-induced rapid high heating of AuNPs for effective desorption/ionization of peptides is possible. In addition, it was found that (AuNPs/PAHC)5 could be used to extract environmental pollutants (pyrene and dimethyldistearylammonium chloride) from very dilute aqueous solutions with concentrations less than 10(-10) mg/mL, and the analytes trapped in the LBL film could be identified by introducing the film directly into the SALDI mass spectrometer without needing to elute the analytes out of the film.
AUTOSCALER for C: an optimizing floating-point to integer C program converter for fixed-point digital signal processors (2000)

A translator which converts C-based floating-point digital signal processing programs to optimized integer C versions is developed for convenient programming and efficient use of fixed-point digital signal processors (DSPs). It not only converts data types and supports automatic scaling, but also conducts shift optimization to enhance execution speed. Since the input and output of this translator are ANSI C compliant programs, it can be used for any fixed-point DSP that supports ANSI C compiler. The number of shift operations that are required for scaling in the converted integer programs is reduced by equalizing the integer word-lengths of relevant variables and constants. For an optimal reduction, a cost function that represents the overhead of scaling is formulated by considering the data- path of a target processor, program parsing, and profiling results. This cost function is then minimized by using either integer linear programming or simulated annealing algorithms. The translated integer C codes are 5-400 times faster than the floating-point versions when applied to TMS320C50, TMS320C60 and Motorola 56000 DSPs.
Trail Making Test A and B: Normative data stratified by age and education (2003)

Normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B are presented for 911 community-dwelling individuals aged 18-89 years. Performance on the TMT decreased with increasing age and lower levels of education. Based on these results, the norms were stratified for both age (11 groups) and education (2 levels). The current norms represent a more comprehensive set of norms than previously available and will increase the ability of neuropsychologists to determine more precisely the degree to which scores on the TMT reflect impaired performance for varying ages and education.
Synthesis of new amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(α‐olefin) (2002)

Abstract This article discusses an effective route to prepare amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing a poly(ethylene oxide) block and a polyolefin block that includes semicrystalline thermoplastics, such as polyethylene and syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS), and elastomers, such as poly(ethylene‐ co ‐1‐octene) and poly(ethylene‐ co ‐styrene) random copolymers. The broad choice of polyolefin blocks provides the amphiphilic copolymers with a wide range of thermal properties from high melting temperature ∼270 °C to low glass‐transition temperature ∼−60 °C. The chemistry involves two reaction steps, including the preparation of a borane group‐terminated polyolefin by the combination of a metallocene catalyst and a borane chain‐transfer agent as well as the interconversion of a borane terminal group to an anionic (O − K + ) terminal group for the subsequent ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene oxide. The overall reaction process resembles a transformation from the metallocene polymerization of α‐olefins to the ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene oxide. The well‐defined reaction mechanisms in both steps provide the diblock copolymer with controlled molecular structure in terms of composition, molecular weight, moderate molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n < 2.5), and absence of homopolymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3416–3425, 2002
Impact of HIV Type 1 Subtype Variation on Viral RNA Quantitation (1999)

We evaluated the performance of three HIV-1 RNA quantitation methods (Amplicor HIV-1 MONITOR-1.0, NASBA, and Quantiplex HIV RNA 2.0 [branched DNA (bDNA)]) using plasma specimens (N = 60) from individuals from Asia and Africa infected with one of three HIV-1 subtypes (A, Thai B [B'] or E; N = 20 each). Our results demonstrate that of the 20 subtype A specimens, 19 were quantifiable by the bDNA assay compared with 15 by the MONITOR-1.0 and 13 by NASBA. Of those quantifiable, the mean log10 difference was 0.93 between bDNA and MONITOR-1.0 and 0.46 between bDNA and NASBA. For subtype B' specimens, the correlation among methods was better with only 2 specimens missed by NASBA and 3 by the bDNA assay. However the missed specimens had viral burden near the lower limit (1000 copies/ml) for these assays. For the 20 subtype E specimens, MONITOR-1.0 and NASBA quantified RNA in 17 and 14 specimens, respectively, as compared with 19 specimens quantified by the bDNA assay. The correlation among different assays, especially between bDNA/NASBA and MONITOR-1.0/NASBA, was poor, although the mean log10 difference for subtype E specimens was 0.4 between bDNA and MONITOR-1.0 and only 0.08 between bDNA and NASBA. The addition of a new primer set, designed for non-B HIV-1 subtypes, to the existing MONITOR assay (MONITOR-1.0+) resulted in RNA detection in all 60 specimens and significantly improved the efficiency of quantitation for subtypes A and E. Our data indicate that HIV-1 subtype variation can have a major influence on viral load quantitation by different methods. Periodic evaluation and modification of these quantitative methods may be necessary to ensure reliable quantification of divergent viruses.
Characterization of polyamide 6 made by reactive extrusion. II. Analysis of microstructure (1994)

Abstract Consideration is given to the characterization of microstructure in polyamide 6 prepared by polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. Results obtained by FTIR, WAXD, DSC, and DMTA are discussed in terms of the molecular mass of the polymer, the thermal history of the material, and the influence of residual monomer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New methodologies for researching news discussion on Twitter (2011)

Twitter has become a major instrument for the rapid dissemination and subsequent debate of news stories. It has been instrumental both in drawing attention to events as they unfolded (such as the emergency landing of a plane in New York’s Hudson River in 2009) and in facilitating a sustained discussion of major stories over timeframes measured in weeks and months (including the continuing saga around Wikileaks and Julian Assange), sometimes still keeping stories alive even if mainstream media attention has moved on elsewhere. More comprehensive methodologies for research into news discussion on Twitter – beyond anecdotal or case study approaches – are only now beginning to emerge. This paper presents a large-scale quantitative approach to studying public communication in the Australian Twittersphere, developed as part of a three-year ARC Discovery project that also examines blogs and other social media spaces. The paper will both outline the innovative research tools developed for this work, and present outcomes from an application of these methodologies to recent and present news themes. Our methodology enables us to identify major themes in Twitter’s discussion of these events, trace their development and decline over time, and map the dynamics of the discussion networks formed ad hoc around specific themes (in part with the help of Twitter #hashtags: brief identifiers which mark a tweet as taking part in an established discussion). It is also able to identify links to major news stories and other online resources, and to track their dissemination across the wider Twittersphere.
Outdoor mobile robot learning and adaptation (2001)

Describes online learning techniques for prototyping outdoor mobile robots operating in unstructured environments.