gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a plasma generated by combustion in a spark ignition engine (1975)

Plasma probe measurements at dc and bulk absorption measurements at microwave frequencies have been made on a plasma generated by the combustion in a spark ignition engine. From these measurements, estimates of the charge concentration and characteristics of the space-charge region formed around the plasma probe under the condition of positive-ion collection have been deduced. The degree of ionization is estimated to be as high as 1 : 104 in the burned gases, depending on engine load. The charge species are concluded to consist primarily of electrons and positively charged ions. In addition, the applicability of various plasma probe theories predicting I-V relationships has been investigated. The available data strongly indicate that the probe theory including the effect of flow of the ionized gases is the applicable one.
Proanthocyanidins from Barley Bran Potentiate Retinoic Acid-induced Granulocytic and Sodium Butyrate-induced Monocytic Differentiation of HL60 Cells (1998)

Polyphenol extract from barley bran (BPE) induced nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity in HL60 human myeloid leukemia cells. Because BPE induced the biochemical markers of HL60 cell differentiation, we investigated the effects of proanthocyanidins isolated from BPE on the HL60 cell differentiation of HL60 cells. Prodelphinidin B-3, T1, T2, and T3 induced 26-40% NBT-positive cells and 22-32% alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase-positive cells. Proanthocyanidins potentiated retinoic acid (all-trans-retinoic acid)-induced granulocytic and sodium butyrate-induced monocytic differentiation in HL60 cells.
Physiological roles of renal potassium channels. (1999)

Potassium channels play an important role in a variety of transport operations in renal tubules. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of their location and regulation by applying patch clamp techniques to native and cloned renal potassium channels. Potassium channels serve several functions, including the generation of the cell-negative potential and regulation of cell volume, particularly in the defense against cell swelling; they are also important for recycling and secretion of potassium. This review focuses on the properties of several potassium channels in the kidney and the important role in the regulation of potassium secretion in the distal nephron.
A monograph of the Culicidae, or mosquitoes (1901)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Control as a Target for Anticancer Drug Development (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aberrant splicing and defective mRNA production induced by somatic spliceosome mutations in myelodysplasia (2018)

Spliceosome mutations are frequently found in myelodysplasia. Splicing alterations induced by these mutations, their precise targets, and the effect at the transcript level have not been fully elucidated. Here we report transcriptomic analyses of 265 bone marrow samples from myelodysplasia patients, followed by a validation using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and an assessment of nonsense-mediated decay susceptibility. Small but widespread reduction of intron-retaining isoforms is the most frequent splicing alteration in SF3B1-mutated samples. SF3B1 mutation is also associated with 3' splice site alterations, leading to the most pronounced reduction of canonical transcripts. Target genes include tumor suppressors and genes of mitochondrial iron metabolism or heme biosynthesis. Alternative exon usage is predominant in SRSF2- and U2AF1-mutated samples. Usage of an EZH2 cryptic exon harboring a premature termination codon is increased in both SRSF2- and U2AF1-mutated samples. Our study reveals a landscape of splicing alterations and precise targets of various spliceosome mutations.
Polyomavirus JC in the Context of Immunosuppression: A Series of Adaptive, DNA Replication-Driven Recombination Events in the Development of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (2013)

Polyomavirus JC (JCV) is the etiological agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating infection of oligodendrocytes in the brain. PML, a frequently fatal opportunistic infection in AIDS, has also emerged as a consequence of treatment with several new immunosuppressive therapeutic agents. Although nearly 80% of adults are seropositive, JCV attains an ability to infect glial cells in only a minority of people. Data suggest that JCV undergoes sequence alterations that accompany this ability, and these changes can be derived from an archetype strain by mutation, deletion, and duplication. While the introductory source and primary tissue reservoir of JCV remain unknown, lymphoid cells have been identified as potential intermediaries in progression of JCV to the brain. This review is focused on sequence changes in the noncoding control region (NCCR) of the virus. We propose an adaptive mechanism that involves a sequential series of DNA replication-driven NCCR recombination events involving stalled DNA replication forks at NCCR palindromic secondary structures. We shall describe how the NCCR sequence changes point to a model in which viral DNA replication drives NCCR recombination, allowing JCV adaptation to different cell types in its progression to neurovirulence.
Competition Among Scientific Disciplines in Cold Nuclear Fusion Research (1992)

The Argument In the controversy in 1989 over the reported achievement of cold nuclear fusion, parts of the physics and chemistry communities were opposed in both a theoretic and a professional competition. Physicists saw the chemists' announcement as an incursion into territory allocated to their own discipline and strove to restore the interdisciplinary boundaries that had previously held. The events that followed throw light on the manner in which scientists' knowledge claims and metascientific beliefs are affected by their membership of disciplinary communities. In particular, the controversy offers evidence for a constructivist reinterpretation of the “division of nature into levels,” which is customarily held to underpin the division of science into disciplines.
Appearance of Water Channels in <i>Xenopus</i> Oocytes Expressing Red Cell CHIP28 Protein (1992)

Water rapidly crosses the plasma membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) and renal tubules through specialized channels. Although selective for water, the molecular structure of these channels is unknown. The CHIP28 protein is an abundant integral membrane protein in mammalian RBCs and renal proximal tubules and belongs to a family of membrane proteins with unknown functions. Oocytes from Xenopus laevis microinjected with in vitro-transcribed CHIP28 RNA exhibited increased osmotic water permeability; this was reversibly inhibited by mercuric chloride, a known inhibitor of water channels. Therefore it is likely that CHIP28 is a functional unit of membrane water channels.
Gradient-index narrow-bandpass filter fabricated with glancing-angle deposition (2004)

Glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) is a fabrication method capable of producing thin films with engineered nanoscale porosity variations. GLAD can be used to create optical thin-film interference filters from a single source material by modification of the film refractive index through control of film porosity. We present the effects of introducing a layer of constant low density into the center of a rugate thin-film filter fabricated with the GLAD technique. A rugate filter is characterized by a sinusoidal refractive-index profile. Embedding a layer of constant refractive index, with a thickness equal to one period of the rugate index variation, causes a narrow bandpass to appear within the filter's larger stop band. Transmittance measurements of such a gradient-index narrow-bandpass filter, formed with titanium dioxide, revealed an 83% transmittance peak at a vacuum wavelength of 522 nm, near the center of the stop band, with a FWHM bandwidth of 15 nm.
Wireless Photoplethysmograph Knuckle Sensor System for Measuring Finger Motions (2014)

In this paper, we present the on-going study to explore the use of photoplethysmograph (PPG), and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors to sense the movement of the fingers and the orientation of the hand. This paper focuses on an optical sensor system that can detect the movement of the fingers by utilizing the photoplethysmograph (PPG). The optical sensor consists of the light emitting and detecting components, which are two LEDs and a photodiode in our system. The photodiode senses the intensity of the light emitted from each LED after the light passes through the tissue. As a finger moves, the light diffused through the skin of the knuckle, therefore, finger position can be differentiated. In this paper, we discuss the sensitivity and the response time of the knuckle sensor system with respect to the finger motions.
Interference of Independent Photon Beams (1967)

Interference effects produced by the superposition of the light beams from two independent single-mode lasers have been investigated experimentally. It is found that interference takes place even under conditions in which the light intensities are so low that, with high probability, one photon is absorbed before the next one is emitted by one or the other source. Since the average number of registered photons per trial was only about 10, photon correlation techniques were required to demonstrate the interference. The interpretation of the experiment, and the question whether it demonstrates interference between two photons, are discussed.
Relative reactivity and structures of benzoyltrimethylhydrazine and 1-benzoyl-2-methylpyrazolidine (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative reactivity and structures of benzoyltrimethylhydrazine and 1-benzoyl-2-methylpyrazolidineSpencer Knapp, Brian H. Toby, Mark Sebastian, Karsten Krogh-Jespersen, and Joseph A. PotenzaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 12, 2490–2497Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00325a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00325a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Development of a dynamic equivalent model for Ontario's external system (2009)

The equivalent models for external systems used in energy management systems (EMS) are typically suitable for static (load flow) security assessment and do not accurately capture the dynamics associated with inter-area modes. Due to the recent trend in employing on-line dynamic security assessment (DSA) tools, new external equivalents, which can be implemented in the EMS and that can meet both static and DSA requirements, need to be developed. This work demonstrates procedures and steps used to develop a dynamic equivalent for Ontario's external system. Several key quality assurance tests, which can be readily implemented using industry standard tools, are proposed to validate the performance of the developed equivalent, thus making the approach more general and repeatable by other interconnected systems.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilized by Pegylated-G-CSF. (2005)

Abstract The mobilization of stem cells with pegylated-G-CSF (peg-G-CSF) modulates regulatory T cell and NKT cell function, separating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in animal models. We have initiated a phase I/II study to analyse the feasibility of mobilizing stem cells from sibling donors with peg-G-CSF and their ability to restore hematopoiesis in HLA matched transplant recipients who have received myeloablative conditioning. Results were compared to a cohort of donors mobilized with standard G-CSF at 10ug/kg/day (n=19). The administration of 6mg of peg-G-CSF (n=6) resulted in suboptimal stem cell mobilization with a peak peripheral blood CD34+ count of 29 ± 4/uL. Apheresis 4 days after peg-G-CSF administration yielded 2.7 ± 0.3 x106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient ideal body weight and all patients required a second collection on day 5 to yield a total of 4.0 ± 0.5 x106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight. Following escalation of the dose to 12mg (n=9), the peak CD34+ count was 109 ± 13/uL and all donors collected sufficient stem cells for transplantation in a single apheresis (9.8 ± 1.7 x106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight). The 6mg dose of peg-G-CSF was significantly inferior to standard G-CSF for stem cell mobilization (P<0.01) while the 12mg dose was at least equivalent (P=0.07). Bone pain was similar between the 6mg and 12mg cohorts and to that seen with standard G-CSF. However, in addition to the expected rises in serum ALP and LDH, transient rises in hepatic transaminases were noted 5 to 12 days after peg-G-CSF administration in 7 of 9 donors receiving the 12mg dose. One donor developed NCI grade 3 hepatic toxicity and splenomegaly. After allogeneic transplantation of peg-G-CSF mobilized grafts (Cy/TBI conditioning in 13 of 14 recipients), median neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred on days 18 and 14 respectively and was identical to that seen with grafts mobilized by standard G-CSF. With a median follow up of 165 days (range 55–532), the incidence of grade II-IV and grade III/IV acute GVHD is 50% and 21% respectively. No patients have relapsed to date and overall survival is 86%. The mobilization of stem cells with peg-G-CSF in normal donors is feasible and 12mg appears the optimal dose. Further data are required to more closely analyse the effect of peg-G-CSF on donor liver function and the ability of stem cell grafts to separate GVHD and GVL effects. Figure Figure
A Hybrid Tourism Demand Forecasting Model Based on Fuzzy Times Series (2017)

In previous studies, time series model has been the most common method and fuzzy time series model is an improvement on time series model. However, the accuracy in fuzzy time series model has been inevitably affected by interval length and the partitioning method for formulating effective interval can be very difficult. In addition to time series model, the grey model has also been widely studied, but it may have bad curve-fitting effects when data show great randomness. Therefore, both fuzzy time series model and grey model have problems in accuracy for forecasting tourism flow. Based on fuzzy time series model and grey model, this paper proposed a hybrid model which has been optimized by entropy and Markov model. In this hybrid model, the weight is calculated by entropy method which has been used to balance the performance of two single models. Markov model with its stable property is used for processing data sequence with large fluctuation. The result of the experiment clearly shows that this proposed hybrid model optimized the interval partition and therefore ensured the prediction accuracy.
Lack of In Vivo Function of Osteopontin in Experimental Anti-GBM Nephritis (2000)

Osteopontin (Opn) is a potent chemoattractant for mononuclear cells that is upregulated in various inflammatory states of the kidney. Opn is believed to contribute to mononuclear cell infiltration and renal injury. The importance of Opn was examined in vivo in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Opn knockout mice. Glomerulonephritis was induced by intravenous injection of rabbit anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane antiserum in mice that had been presensitized to rabbit IgG. Immunologic responsiveness to rabbit IgG (assessed by cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody titers) showed no significant difference between wild-type and Opn -/- mice. Proteinuria was also similar in both groups. Glomerular crescent formation was not different in Opn +/+ and -/- groups (26 +/- 6% versus 29 +/- 7%). Tubulointerstitial infiltration was assessed qualitatively and showed no significant difference between the two genotypes. Formation of thrombi in the glomerular capillaries on a scale from 0 to 3 also showed no significant difference (1.3 +/- 0.3 for Opn +/+ and 1.4 +/- 0.3 for Opn -/- mice). Northern blot analysis of total kidney RNA showed a 5.1-fold increase of Opn expression in Opn +/+ mice compared with untreated controls and the absence of expression in Opn -/- mice, as expected. Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA levels were also markedly upregulated with no significant difference between the two strains, excluding compensatory overexpression of these two chemokines in Opn -/- mice. It is concluded that the known upregulation of Opn in murine anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis does not significantly contribute to the glomerular and tubulointerstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in this model.
Cancer mortality among licensed herbicide applicators. (1992)

This retrospective cohort study investigated the cancer mortality of 1341 herbicide applicators licensed before 1 January 1980. The cohort was followed for mortality until 1 January 1988 by means of the Dutch system of population registers. For the subjects who died before 1 January 1988 the cause of death was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The cause of death was obtained for 98.4% of the deceased subjects. The total mortality was lower than expected according to mortality rates of the total male Dutch population. The total number of deaths from cancer was however slightly higher than expected [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 114]. Mortality from several subtypes of cancer was also higher than expected, that for multiple myeloma being statistically significantly higher than unity (SMR 815, 95% confidence interval 164-2382). Occupational exposure to herbicides appears to increase the risk for multiple myeloma and possibly other malignant neoplasms.
Tetrodotoxin: Mechanism of Action (1964)

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Use of a pyrimidine nucleoside that functions as a bidentate hydrogen bond donor for the recognition of isolated or contiguous G-C base pairs by oligonucleotide-directed triplex formation (1996)

Synthesis of the nucleoside building block of the 6-keto derivative of 2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine (m 5ox C) as an analog of an N 3 -protonated cytosine derivative is described. A series of 15mer oligonucleotides containing either four or six m 5ox C residues has been prepared by chemical synthesis. Complexation of the 15 residue oligonucleotides with target 25mer duplexes results in DNA triplexes containing T-A-T and m 5ox C-G-C base triplets. When the m 5ox C-G-C base triplets are present in sequence positions that alternate with TAT base triplets, DNA triplexes are formed with T m values that are pH independent in the range 6.4–8.5. A 25mer DNA duplex containing a series of five contiguous G-C base pairs cannot be effectively targeted with either m 5 C or m 5ox C in the third strand. In the former case charge-charge repulsion effects likely lead to destabilization of the complex, while in the latter case ineffective base stacking may be to blame. However, if the m 5 C and m 5ox C residues are present in the third strand in alternate sequence positions, then DNA triplexes can be formed with contiguous G-C targets even at pH 8.0.
Interferon-β Fails to Protect in a Model of Transient Focal Stroke (2006)

Our results suggest that additional preclinical studies are warranted.
Transverse mode competition in gain-guided index antiguided fiber lasers (2012)

Single-mode laser action has been reported previously in a gain-guided, index antiguided fiber using a scalable side pumping scheme. In this paper we demonstrate the role of transverse mode competition on laser oscillation in such a fiber laser. It enables single, lowest-order mode lasing with a beam quality of M2<2 when using a combination of large fiber core radius and low output coupler reflectivity previously considered to rule out gain-guided index antiguided lasing with such beam quality. In addition, the larger core radii fibers and low output coupler reflectivity enables improved slope efficiency. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented demonstrating mode competition governed lasing in a gain-guided, index antiguided fiber.
An insertion deletion polymorphism in the Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) gene confers risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (2007)

The interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in the innate as well as in the cell-mediated immune responses. The IRF5 gene has been shown to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. We studied whether the IRF5 gene is also associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Twelve polymorphisms in the IRF5 gene were genotyped in a cohort of 1007 IBD patients (748 CD and 254 UC) and 241 controls from Wallonia, Belgium. The same polymorphisms were genotyped in a confirmatory cohort of 311 controls and 687 IBD patients (488 CD and 192 UC) from Leuven, Belgium. A strong signal of association [P = 1.9 x 10(-5), odds ratio (OR) 1.81 (1.37-2.39)] with IBD was observed for a 5 bp indel (CGGGG) polymorphism in the promoter region of the IRF5 gene. The association was detectable also in CD patients (P = 6.8 x 10(-4)) and was particularly strong among the UC patients [P = 5.3 x 10(-8), OR = 2.42 (1.76-3.34)]. The association of the CGGGG indel was confirmed in the second cohort [P = 3.2 x 10(-5), OR = 1.59 (1.28-1.98)]. The insertion of one CGGGG unit is predicted to create an additional binding site for the transcription factor SP1. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we show allele-specific differences in protein binding to this repetitive DNA-stretch, which suggest a potential function role for the CGGGG indel.