gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction and analysis of superoxide free radicals (·O<sup>−</sup><sub>2</sub>) from whole mammalian liver (1991)

Extraction of whole lobes of normal rat liver with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) under N2 gives extracts which contain 5-10 mumol/l.O2- (50-100 nmol.O2- per 10 ml extract per 4 g liver; 1.25-2.50 nmol.O2- per millilitre per gram liver). Evidence for .O2- in the extracts is given by: (1) electron spin resonance signals (ESR), (2) differential pulse polarography (DPP), (3) chemiluminescence (CL), and (4) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT). All tests yield results identical with those obtained with authentic .O2-. Extraction of .O2- is enhanced by tetrabutyl ammonium ion, and is maximal at 1-3 min. These results raise the possibility that substantial amounts of .O2- are normally sequestered in protective membranous sites in vivo.
A novel HPLC assay for pentamidine: comparative effects of creatinine and inulin on GFR estimation and pentamidine renal excretion in the isolated perfused rat kidney. (2002)

Creatinine overestimated GFR in the IPK. The altered renal excretion of PTM by creatinine is consistent with inhibition of PTM tubular secretion. Because of increased kidney accumulation, detrimental effects of PTM on renal function were observed. Based on these findings, creatinine should be used cautiously as an indicator of GFR in IPK experimentation.
Phase I clinical study for recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (1988)

The pharmacokinetics, the safety and the efficacy of purified recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh G-CSF) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were studied in normal healthy adults. Following the single subcutaneous dose, G-CSF levels in sera elevated in a dose-dependent way, with C-max of approximately 140 pg per ml, T-max of 4 hours and T-half of 5 hours at a dose of 10 micrograms per ml. In accord with the elevation, blood neutrophil counts rose promptly and transiently without any changes in the other blood cell counts. Degree and duration of the neutrophilia were apparently proportional to the rh G-CSF dose and, in turn, the G-CSF levels in sera. Single daily injections of rh G-CSF at a dose of 10 micrograms per body per day for 7 consecutive days did not bring on any accumulation of rh G-CSF in sera, and repeatedly induced neutrophilias following every injection. During the course of the injections, the chemiluminescence generating ability of blood neutrophils also rose. Peak value of the transient neutrophilias and level of the abilities tended to go down after 3 or 4 consecutive injections, presumably due to the limited number of mature neutrophils which can be released from the bone marrow in response to rh G-CSF. However, it was found that the M/E ratio becomes higher after the repeated dosing with an increased proportion of myeloid immature cells as well as increase in the levels of both erythroid and myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of growth factors in neuronal development and plasticity. (1986)

The role of growth factors in the development of the nervous system, as well as in injury-induced plasticity, is of great interest. A neuronal growth factor is any substance that influences the growth of neurons, but two general classes of factors exist: diffusible substances and substrate-bound factors. Growth factors may affect neuronal survival as well as the extent and rate of neurite outgrowth in vitro. Although progress is slowly being made in the identification and characterization of putative growth factors, nerve growth factor (NGF) is the only identified molecule that clearly influences neuronal growth in vivo. Furthermore, although there are many examples of neuronal plasticity following injury, the role of growth factors in such rearrangements remains to be established. However, one model of collateral sprouting of axons from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) into the central nervous system (CNS) appears to involve the action of a growth factor with properties similar to NGF. The identification of specific molecules that affect neuronal growth should lead to an understanding of the etiology of degenerative neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and, hopefully, to rational therapeutic approaches.
A Plastic Fracture Mechanics Prediction of Fracture Instability in a Circumferentially Cracked Pipe in Bending—Part II: Experimental Verification on a Type 304 Stainless Steel Pipe (1981)

The possibility of a pipe fracture emanating from a stress corrosion crack in the heat-affected zones of girth-welds in Type 304 stainless steel pipes was investigated. The J-resistance curve—tearing modulus parameter for the prediction of crack initiation, stable growth and fracture instability—was employed. To evaluate the analysis, a pipe fracture experiment was performed using a spring-loaded four-point bending system that simulated an 8.8-m (29-ft) long section of unsupported 102-mm- (4-in-) dia pipe. An initial through-wall crack of length equal to 104 mm (4.1 in.) was used. Fracture instability was predicted to occur between 15.2 and 22.1 mm (0.60 and 0.87 in.) of stable crack growth at each tip. In the actual experiment, the onset of fracture instability occurred beyond maximum load at an average stable crack growth of 11.7 to 19 mm (0.463 to 0.750 in.) at each tip.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells prime IL-10–producing T regulatory cells by inducible costimulator ligand (2007)

Although there is evidence for distinct roles of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs [mDCs]) and plasmacytoid pre-DCs (pDCs) in regulating T cell-mediated adaptive immunity, the concept of functional DC subsets has been questioned because of the lack of a molecular mechanism to explain these differences. In this study, we provide direct evidence that maturing mDCs and pDCs express different sets of molecules for T cell priming. Although both maturing mDCs and pDCs upregulate the expression of CD80 and CD86, only pDCs upregulate the expression of inducible costimulator ligand (ICOS-L) and maintain high expression levels upon differentiation into mature DCs. High ICOS-L expression endows maturing pDCs with the ability to induce the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells to produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not the T helper (Th)2 cytokines IL-4, -5, and -13. These IL-10-producing T cells are T regulatory cells, and their generation by ICOS-L is independent of pDC-driven Th1 and Th2 differentiation, although, in the later condition, some contribution from endogenous IL-4 cannot be completely ruled out. Thus, in contrast to mDCs, pDCs are poised to express ICOS-L upon maturation, which leads to the generation of IL-10-producing T regulatory cells. Our findings demonstrate that mDC and pDCs are intrinsically different in the expression of costimulatory molecules that drive distinct types of T cell responses.
Intercellular signalling in <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>: sequence and function of genes regulating expression of luminescence (1993)

Density-dependent expression of luminescence in Vibrio harveyi is regulated by the concentration of an extracellular signal molecule (autoinducer) in the culture medium. A recombinant clone that restored function to one class of spontaneous dim mutants was found to encode functions necessary for the synthesis of, and response to, a signal molecule. Sequence analysis of the region encoding these functions revealed three open reading frames, two (luxL and luxM) that are required for production of an autoinducer substance and a third (luxN) that is required for response to this signal substance. The LuxL and LuxM proteins are not similar in amino acid sequence to other proteins in the database, but the LuxN protein contains regions of sequence resembling both the histidine protein kinase and the response regulator domains of the family of two-component, signal transduction proteins. The phenotypes of mutants with luxL, luxM and luxN defects indicated that an additional signal-response system controlling density-dependent expression of luminescence remains to be identified.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Design and Synthesis of a Steroidal Peptidomimetic. The Potential Value of Peptidomimetics in Elucidating the Bioactive Conformation of Peptide Ligands. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Room temperature magnetic barrier layers in magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

We investigate the spin transport and interfacial magnetism of magnetic tunnel junctions with highly spin polarized ${\text{La}}_{0.7}{\text{Sr}}_{0.3}{\text{MnO}}_{3}$ (LSMO) and ${\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}$ electrodes and a ferrimagnetic ${\text{NiFe}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{4}$ (NFO) barrier layer. The spin-dependent transport can be understood in terms of magnon-assisted spin-dependent tunneling where the magnons are excited in the barrier layer itself. The $\text{NFO}/{\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}$ interface displays strong magnetic coupling, while the LSMO/NFO interface exhibits clear decoupling as determined by a combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. This decoupling allows for distinct parallel and antiparallel electrode states in this all-magnetic trilayer. The spin transport of these devices, dominated by the NFO barrier layer magnetism, leads to a symmetric bias dependence of the junction magnetoresistance at all temperatures.
Using Professional Standards for Higher Education to Improve Student Affairs (2014)

The instruction and program quality at community colleges adheres to standards mandated through regional and national accreditation at institution and program levels. Community college personnel must understand their specific role in college and program accreditation and how accreditation is crucial for functions, such as accessing federal financial aid, guaranteeing credit hour transfers, and recognizing certification and licensure. The author presents an overview of the accreditation process and strategies for using the process to increase accountability.
Livestock data survey of participants in the 12th livestock donor group meeting (2013)

The livestock data innovation project conducted an online data survey among participants in the 12th inter-agency donor group meeting, held at African Union - Inter African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), Nairobi, on 10 to 12 May 2011. Participants in the meeting included donors, non-government organizations (NGOs), international organizations, university and research institutions, and some private companies and consultants. The objective of the survey was to identify the concerns of users of livestock-related data and indicators, including what types of data they use and where the strengths and gaps in the available livestock data exist. District level data are the least used, though they are critical to design projects, programs, and policies in the livestock sector. The results support the idea that, whilst livestock data and indicators are essential for the largest majority of stakeholders, rarely the available data and indicators are sufficient for efficiently formulating and implementing projects and programs as well as for conducting research.
Synthesis of t-Butylsilicon Compounds by the Wurtz-Fitting Reaction<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of t-Butylsilicon Compounds by the Wurtz-Fitting Reaction1C. C. CHAPPELOW Jr., R. L. ELLIOTT, and J. T. GOODWIN Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1409–1414Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a069RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (695 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Comparative sensitivity of embryo–larval toxicity assays with African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and zebra fish (Danio rerio) (2001)

Embryo–larval toxicity tests with the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were conducted with five chemicals (Cr, Cd, Zn, NaPCP and malathion) and three environmental samples. The sensitivity of the 5-day assay was compared to that of the 12-day embryo–larval toxicity tests with the zebra fish (Danio rerio). The ratios of the C. gariepinus and D. rerio LC50 values ranged from 0.4 for Cr to 8.9 for Zn. The ratios of subchronic values ranged from 0.25 for NaPCP to 3.1 for Cd indicating a more comparable sensitivity of the two species. For the three sediment pore waters, the ratios were 0.6, 1.1, and 2.4 and the subchronic values were identical for the two species. The results suggest that, considering the short-test duration and its sensitivity, the 5-day embryo–larval tests with C. gariepinus may be a potential alternative for short-term embryo–larval toxicity testing with fish. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 566–571, 2001
Byte-aligned bitmap compression (2002)

Summary form only given. Bitmap compression reduces storage space and transmission time for unstructured bit sequences like in inverted files, spatial objects, etc. On the down side, the compressed bitmaps loose their functional properties. For example, checking a given bit position, set intersection, union, and difference can be performed only after full decoding, thus causing a many-folded operational speed degradation. The proposed byte-aligned bitmap compression method (BBC) aims to support fast set operations on the compressed bitmap formats and, at the same time, to retain a competitive compression rate. To achieve this objective, BBC abandons the traditional approach of encoding run-lengths (distances between two ones separated by zeros). Instead, BBC deals only with byte aligned byte-size bitmap portions that are easy to fetch, store, AND, OR, and convert. The bitmap bytes are classified as gaps containing only zeros or only ones and maps containing a mixture of both. We also introduced a simple extension mechanism for existing methods to accommodate a dual-gap (zeros and ones) run-length encoding. With this extension, encoding of long "one" sequences becomes as efficient and better than arithmetic encoding.
Quantitative proton spectroscopy of canine brain: <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i> correlations (1994)

Quantitative, single-voxel proton NMR spectroscopy of normal brain was performed in five adult beagle dogs using the cerebral water signal as an internal intensity reference. The same brain regions were then rapidly isolated and frozen using a pneumatic biopsy drill, perchloric acid extracted, and analyzed by biochemical assay and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The concentrations of the major resonances in the in vivo and in vitro spectra were compared, and good agreement was found between the different measurements. The in vivo spectra contained three peaks at 3.21, 3.04, and 2.02 ppm, which are usually assigned to trimethylamines (TMA), creatines, and N-acetyl derivatives (NAc), which corresponded to be the following metabolite concentration values: 1.7 +/- 0.6, 7.7 +/- 2.1, and 10.9 +/- 2.7 mumol/g wet weight respectively. In vitro, the following metabolite concentrations were measured: glycerophosphocholine (GPC) 1.3 +/- 0.2, phosphocholine (PC) 0.5 +/- 0.1, phosphocreatine (PCr) 2.6 +/- 0.4, creatine (Cr) 5.9 +/- 1.4, and N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA) 8.9 +/- 1.8 mumol/g wet weight. Therefore, the 3.21 ppm resonance observed in the in vivo spectrum is predominantly GPC and PC in a ratio of 2.6:1, the 3.04 ppm resonance is Cr and PCr in a ratio of 2.3:1, and the 2.02 ppm resonance is predominantly (approximately 80%) NAA with small contributions from N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and glutamate. The data presented here validate the technique of water referencing as a simple and convenient means of quantitating single-voxel in vivo proton NMR spectra of the brain.
Classification and annotation of digital photos using optical context data (2008)

Other than the pixel information, a digital photo of today has a host of other information regarding the photo shooting event. These information are captured by different sensors present on the camera and are stored as metadata. In this paper we exploit this meta information and derive useful semantics about the digital photo. We also compare our results with classical relevance models used for automatic photo annotation. We create a dataset of digital photos containing all information and report results on it. We also make the dataset available to the community for further experiments.
ETC-Based Methodology on Data Processing Validation (2009)

Abstract-Large-scale enterprises need their software systems to deal with massive extremely important heterologous and heterogeneous data, which makes the quality assurance to them also very critical, and this also made an enormous challenge to QA staffs. To automate this process as far as possible is the key factor to ensure that terrifically useful information is effective and the validating is time-saving. In this paper, we designed an ETC-based general framework through which we can enhance the efficiency of validation of software used to process huge data remarkably.
High Sensitivity Infrared Spectroscopy of Gas Chromatographic Peaks (1977)

Infrared (ir) spectral measurement of gas chromatographic (GC) peaks has been discussed many times in the literature; the combination can provide a convenient means for specific analyses of complex mixtures, provided sufficient sensitivity can be achieved with the infrared device. Sensitivity considerations have until recently limited the utility of a GC/ir combined system, since only GC peaks with microgram quantities or higher could be studied with the infrared technique. Azarraga was the first to substantially demonstrate infrared sensitivities in the submicrogram range, on studies at the 200 to 500 ng level in GC peaks of a variety of molecular systems. Current efforts in coupling ir to GC have taken two distinctly different directions. On the one hand, the infrared lightpipes are optimized to standard existing GC conditions which require ultimately high ir sensitivity because of the small GC peak volumes. The other approach which has been very successfully pursued by Hirschfeld and collaborators involves designing a completely different GC to match predetermined ir optimized conditions. With this approach sensitivity in the nanogram range is no longer the primary objective since the new GC techniques allow much larger injection volumes.
Bottom-up design of software agents (1994)

article Free AccessBottom-up design of software agents Authors: Henry A. Kautz View Profile , Bart Selman View Profile , Michael Coen View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 7July 1994 pp 143–146https://doi.org/10.1145/176789.176805Published:01 July 1994Publication History 32citation619DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations32Total Downloads619Last 12 Months26Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
[Anastomosis of small artery using ZT medical adhesive and soluble stent]. (1994)

The conventional technique of interrupted suture in microvascular anastomosis is difficult to perform and timeconsuming. A new method with ZT medical adhesive and soluble intravascular stent is introduced. Using this method, end-to-end anastomosis of small arteries could be performed easily and quickly. Both the patency rate and histopathologic changes at the anastomosis sites were examined. In comparison with suture technique, similar patency rate was obtained. Inflammatory reaction in mid and outer layers of the vessel was observable and reendothelialization of the intima was identical.
Alevonota aurantiaca Fauv. (Col.: Staphylinidae) recaptured at Mickleham, Surrey; with short notes on two of its congeners (1991)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Purification and Some Properties of a Fungal Lipase Preparation Used for Milk Flavouring (1969)

Journal Article Purification and Some Properties of a Fungal Lipase Preparation Used for Milk Flavouring Get access Susumu Oi, Susumu Oi Faculty of Science, Osaka City University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Osamu Yamazaki, Osamu Yamazaki Faculty of Science, Osaka City University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Sawada, Akira Sawada Faculty of Science, Osaka City University Osaka Saikin Kenkyūsho Ltd., Taisha-chyō, 9–55, Nishinomiya City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukio Satomura Yukio Satomura Faculty of Science, Osaka City University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 33, Issue 5, 1 May 1969, Pages 729–738, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1969.10859370 Published: 01 May 1969 Article history Received: 30 August 1968 Published: 01 May 1969
<title>AquaLite, a bioluminescent label for immunoassay and nucleic acid detection: quantitative analyses at the attomol level</title> (1996)

AquaLite<SUP>R</SUP> is a direct, bioluminescent label capable of detecting attomol levels of analyte in clinical immunoassays and assays for the quantitative measurement of nucleic acids. Bioluminescent immunoassays (BIAs) require no radioisotopes and avoid complex fluorescent measurements and many of the variables of indirect enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). AquaLite, a recombinant form of the photoprotein aequorin from a bioluminescent jellyfish, is coupled directly to antibodies to prepare bioluminescent conjugates for assay development. When the AquaLite-antibody complex is exposed to a solution containing calcium ions, a flash of blue light ((lambda) <SUB>max</SUB> equals 469 nm) is generated. The light signal is measured in commercially available luminometers that simultaneously inject a calcium solution and detect subattomol photoprotein levies in either test tubes or microtiter plates. Immunometric or 'sandwich' type assays are available for the quantitative measurement of human endocrine hormones and nucleic acids. The AquaLite TSH assay can detect 1 attomol of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in 0.2 mL of human serum and is a useful clinical tool for diagnosing hyperthyroid patients. AquaLite-based nucleic acid detection permits quantifying attomol levels of specific nucleic acid markers and represents possible solution to the difficult problem of quantifying the targets of nucleic acid amplification methods.