gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complexes of Transition Metal(II) Thiocyanates with 1,2,4-Triazole (1977)

The preparation of complexes containing 1,2,4-triazole (trz) is described. The general formula is M(trz) 2 (CNS) 2 with M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. For M = Ni two isomeric compounds have been isolated. The infrared spectra of the Ni compounds are assigned on the basis of the assignment for the free 1,2,4-triazole. One of the Ni compounds is a trinuclear complex according to its infrared spectrum. The other complexes are isomorphous, with exception perhaps of the Cu complex. For these compounds a polynuclear structure is proposed.
<title>Effects of wafer topography on the formation of polysilicon gates</title> (1995)

The effects of the active area topography on the critical dimension of a polysilicon gate are examined using the rigorous electromagnetic simulation program TEMPEST and SEM pictures of developed photoresist lines. The recessed nature of the active area contributes uneven exposure and hence a nonuniform critical dimension of the polysilicon gate as it reaches the end of the active area and as it traverses over the field oxide. This gate resist formation process over the active area was simulated and patterned in experiments of 0.35 micrometers features using an i-line system with an NA of 0.5 and a sigma of 0.6. The dominate effect of linewidth narrowing near the end of the active region is shown by simulation to track the three dimensional geometrical reflections of light illuminating the bowl shaped region near the end of the active area where the polysilicon covers the field oxide transition. The addition of a TiN anti-reflective coating (ARC) layer and the addition of dye to the photoresist were investigated by studying the energy deposited into the photoresist using TEMPEST as well as SEM pictures of photoresist lines. In both experiment and TEMPEST simulation, a TiN (ARC) layer was found to alleviate the problem while dyed photoresist showed little improvement.
<title>Soft x-ray polarization measurement with a laboratory reflectometer</title> (1992)

A laboratory reflectometer with a laser produced plasma source and a constant deviation angle monochromator is used as an ellipsometer to evaluate a transmission multilayer phase shifter. With use of the phase shifter, all normalized Stokes parameters of the incident beam to the reflectometer from the monochromator were measured.
In Situ Detection of microRNAs in Animals (2011)

The detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) in situ presents several technical challenges. Although protocols for mRNA detection by in situ hybridization are well established, the small size of miRNAs makes their localization problematic. To overcome this, digoxygenin-labeled locked nucleic acid oligos have been used. These bind strongly and specifically to miR targets and make the identification of the precise spatiotemporal expression of these molecules possible.
HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN MODELS FOR PREDICTING THE SPREAD OF ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES (2003)

There is increasing interest in predicting ecological processes. Methods to accomplish such predictions must account for uncertainties in observation, sampling, models, and parameters. Statistical methods for spatiotemporal processes are powerful, yet difficult to implement in complicated high-dimensional settings. However, recent advances in hierarchical formulations for such processes can be utilized for ecological prediction. These formulations are able to account for the various sources of uncertainty and can incorporate scientific judgment in a probabilistically consistent manner. In particular, analytical diffusion models can serve as motivation for the hierarchical model for invasive species. We demonstrate by example that such a framework can be utilized to predict, spatially and temporally, the relative population abundance of House Finches over the eastern United States. Corresponding Editor (ad hoc): J. S. Clark.
A quantitative study of satellite cells in regenerated soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles (1984)

Satellite cells quantitated in the rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles following a complete regeneration returned to "normal" percentages of myofiber nuclei in both muscles 3 months after injury. Following cross-transplantation, the percentage of satellite cell nuclei in the EDL regenerated in the soleus bed was indistinguishable from the percentage in the soleus. Likewise, the soleus muscle regenerated in the EDL bed had a satellite cell percentage characteristic of the EDL. These results suggest that 1) the proportion of satellite cells is reestablished in a regenerated muscle and 2) the innervating nerve determines the proportion of satellite cell nuclei in a muscle.
Low Hematocrit and Serum Albumin Concentrations Underlie the Overestimation of Tacrolimus Concentrations by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay versus Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Patients with a low packed cell volume and plasma albumin are likely to show artificially high concentrations of TRL when measured by MEIA. The increased risk of underimmunosuppression must be considered should doses be reduced to lower these seemingly high TRL concentrations.
Comparison of Osteoporosis and Calcium Intake between Japan and the United States (1992)

The number of osteoporotic females in Japan with vertebral bone mineral density measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, defined as less than -3 SD of the peak bone mass, is approximately 10,000,000, corresponding to 8% of the whole population of Japan. While this value approximately corresponds to the prevalence of low bone mineral density in the United States, the incidence of hip fracture appears to be much less in Japan than in the United States, 50,000 per 125,000,000 per year compared with 250,000 for a population twice as large. This seems to be paradoxical because of the lower bone mineral density and lower calcium intake in Japan, with 400-500 mg/day mainly as soybean products, small fish with bones, and vegetables. The difference in hip fracture incidence, however, may not actually be as wide as it seems when the larger number of bedridden elderly subjects in Japan is taken into consideration. In these bedridden subjects with severe immobilization osteoporosis, hip fracture is only prevented by the fact that they are not ambulatory. Life-style difference may also offer an explanation. Sitting on a tatami mattress on completely flexed knees with frequent standing up, along with other household work, in a narrow home space may ensure a marked development of hip musculature and also provide skill in balancing oneself to prevent fails. The difference in fracture incidence should be analyzed from various angles to obtain a firm ground for the future prevention of hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Although osteoporosis universally affects all races and nationalities, conspicuous differences may be encountered in the severity of its manifestations and complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of a New Class of Chiral 1,5-Diphosphanylferrocene Ligands and Their Use in Enantioselective Hydrogenation (2002)

A new family of ferrocenylphosphane ligands has been prepared. Their flexible synthesis allows many structural modifications. The asymmetric induction of these ligands was examined in the hydrogenation of functionalized C=C, C=O, and C=N bonds. The enantioselectivity of the reaction was strongly dependent on the substituent R at the position alpha to the ferrocene moiety. In many cases, both enantiomeric beta-hydroxyesters of the reduction product can be obtained by simply replacing a dimethylamino group in the ligand with a methyl group.
Design of Cell‐Surface‐Retained Polymers for Artificial Ligand Display (2008)

We propose a cell-surface modification method based on the use of synthetic polymers that can be retained on the cell surface without rapid internalization. Secondary amine-displaying cationic polymers act as an effective scaffold for the display of artificial ligands, thus affording a new technique for the control of cell adhesion events through the specific recognition of these ligands. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cholestasis induced by sodium taurolithocholate in isolated hamster liver (1971)

The mechanism of cholestasis (decreased bile flow) induced by taurolithocholate in the isolated perfused hamster liver was investigated. Taurocholate was infused to maintain bile acid output, and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was administered to establish a BSP transport maximum in bile. The effects of taurolithocholate on bile flow and on the biliary secretion of BSP and bile acid anions were determined.A significant dose-response correlation was found between taurolithocholate and the degree of cholestasis. No significant hepatic morphologic alterations were observed. At low doses, cholestasis was reversible. A multiple regression equation was developed to validate the steroid dehydrogenase determination of total bile acids in bile that contained BSP. During cholestasis, output of bile acid was maintained by a significantly increased concentration of bile acid. Hepatic removal rate and transport maximum of BSP were significantly decreased, whereas BSP concentration, conjugation, and hepatic content were unaffected. The concentrating capacity for BSP in bile appeared to be the rate-limiting factor in BSP transport. Individual bile acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Of the injected taurolithocholate, 40-50% was recovered in bile as lithocholic acid, 30% was converted to chenodeoxycholic acid, and only traces of lithocholic acid were detected in the perfusate after 4 hr. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids comprised 75-89%, and lithocholic acid comprised 11-25% of bile acids in bile after taurolithocholate injection; only traces of deoxycholic acid were seen. Small amounts of taurolithocholate sulfate were detected in bile by thinlayer chromatography. The outputs of sodium and potassium in bile were significantly diminished during cholestasis.A substantial fraction (75%) of basal bile flow in the isolated hamster liver was estimated to be independent of bile acid secretion. Cholestasis occurred after taurolithocholate, whereas bile acid secretion was maintained. The results indicate that the most likely mechanism for acute cholestasis induced by taurolithocholate in isolated hamster liver was interference with the bile acid-independent fraction of canalicular or ductular bile flow or both.
Steady-state bumpless transfer under controller uncertainty using the state/output feedback topology (2004)

Linear quadratic (LQ) bumpless transfer design introduced by Turner and Walker (2000) gives a very convenient and straightforward computational procedure for the steady-state bumpless transfer operator synthesis. It is, however, found to be incapable of providing convergence of the output of the offline controller to that of the online controller in several industrial applications, producing bumps in the plant output in the wake of controller transfer. An examination of this phenomenon reveals that the applications in question are characterized by a significant mismatch, further referred to as controller uncertainty, between the dynamics of the implemented controllers and their models used in the transfer operator computation. To address this problem, while retaining the convenience of the Turner and Walker design, a state/output feedback bumpless transfer topology is introduced that employs the nominal state of the offline controller and, through the use of an additional controller/model mismatch compensator, also the offline controller output. A corresponding steady-state bumpless transfer design procedure along with the supporting theory is developed for a large class of systems. The technique is shown to be capable of eliminating the online/offline controller output tracking errors under significant controller uncertainty, while preserving fast convergence of Turner and Walker design. Due to these features, it is demonstrated to solve a long-standing problem of high quality steady state bumpless transfer from the industry standard low order nonlinear multiloop PID-based controllers to the modern multiinput-multioutput (MIMO) robust controllers in the megawatt/throttle pressure control of a typical coal-fired boiler/turbine unit.
Biological markers in epidemiology (1990)

Hulka: Overview Wilcosky: Applications of biological markers Wilcosky: Criteria for selecting and evaluating markers Rynard: Urine mutagenicity assays as indicators of mutagenic exposures Goldring & Lucier: Protein and DNA adducts Wilcosky & Rynard: Sister chromatid exchanges Vine: Micronuclei as indicators of exposure and response to genotoxic agents Schwartz: Chromosome aberrations as exposure markers in epidemiologic studies Schwartz: Oncogenes: a primer for epidemiologists Vine & McFarland: Markers of susceptibility Hulka: Methodologic issues in molecular epidemiology Glossary of terms Index.
Computer-assisted validation and verification of cybersecurity requirements (2010)

Errors in requirements are often a contributing cause of the failure of critical infrastructure and their underlying information systems to adequately guard against cyber intrusions and withstand cyber attacks. However, detecting errors in the cybersecurity requirements, and for requirements in general, is a challenging task. In this paper we describe how computer-aided formal verification and validation can be leveraged to address the challenge of correctly capturing natural language cybersecurity requirements, converting the natural language statements into formal requirements specifications, and then checking the formal specifications to ensure that they match the original intent of the stakeholders. Our approach centers on creating a one-to-one mapping between natural language requirements and UML statechart assertions. Statechart assertions are Boolean statements about the expected behavior of the system, expressed as UML statecharts. The set of assertions created by the security or software engineer is a formal model of the system's requirements. We demonstrate our approach using examples of formally specifying and validating requirements for correct cyber system behaviors and the detection of illegal business schemes in choreographed web services.
A kind of smart gold nanoparticle–hydrogel composite with tunable thermo-switchable electrical properties (2006)

A well-dispersed gold nanoparticle–poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm) hydrogel composite with thermo-switchable electrical properties was prepared by the co-polymerization of Au nanoparticles with attached vinyl groups with NIPAm. The Au nanoparticles and the composite are characterized by TEM, UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR. At the same time, the electrical conductivity, cyclic voltammetry and constant-pontential technique were used to demonstrate the electrical properties of the composite. It was found that the electrical properties of the composite show a tunable property with changing temperature and the electrical conductivity changes by two orders of magnitude at the transition temperature (Ttran). The Ttran of the composite can be adjusted from 0 °C to 40 °C by changing the concentration of Au nanoparticles, the degree of cross-linking or the composition of composite. The change in electrical properties is reversible in a heating and cooling cycle.
Evaluation of Material Constants and Temperature Properties in Lanthanum Calcium Oxoborate LaCa<sub>4</sub>O(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals (2004)

Lanthanum calcium oxoborate LaCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (LaCOB) single crystals were successfully grown by the Czochralski technique. It was found that LaCOB crystals belong to the monoclinic system (point group m ) and the total number of independent material constants that should be determined is 27. Twenty-four of the 27 material constants at room temperature were determined by the resonance-antiresonance method. The normalized first-order temperature coefficients of some constants e.g. , ε 11 T , ε 22 T , ε 33 T and ε 13 T determined at 10 kHz were 56.30, -273.6, 135.8 and -258.4 and d 11 and d 12 were -408.3 and 83.60 ppm/°C, respectively. Additionally, the thermal expansion coefficients e.g. , α 11 , α 22 and α 33 determined on a single crystal cut along the X , Y and Z rectangular directions by the thermodilatometry measurement were 7.36×10 -6 , 8.17×10 -6 and 11.4×10 -6 /°C, respectively. As a result of the evaluation, most of the material constants and temperature properties necessary for investigating the properties of piezoelectric devices typified by SAW were obtained.
Effect of Minor Components on the Reactivity of Lean Mixtures of Methane in Air (2009)

It is known that the low concentrations of higher hydrocarbons usually present in natural gas can substantially alter its reactivity compared to those of pure methane/air mixtures. This is the case even when the level of these higher hydrocarbons is so low as to not greatly affect other combustion properties such as flammability limits, flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature etc. Likewise, low concentrations of NOx can have a similar effect: the presence of NOx in the combustion air may affect the ignition characteristics of either methane or natural gas. In this study, low levels (in the order of a few percents v/v) of ethane, propane and butane were added individually to pure methane to determine their separate effect on methane conversion in a flow reactor at essentially atmospheric pressure. In each case, various concentrations (up to 400 ppm v/v) of nitric oxide were added in order to study the effect of higher hydrocarbons and NO in combination. It was found that the presence of the higher hydrocarbons significantly reduced the ignition temperature compared to that of pure methane under comparable conditions. The NO addition had the similar effect, though in terms of concentration, NO was a much more potent promoter than the hydrocarbons. The effect of a few parts per million of NO had an equivalent effect to percent level of hydrocarbons. At higher levels the NO dominates the ignition process to the extent that the influence of the higher hydrocarbons becomes negligible.
Defecation of Refinery Sirups. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDefecation of Refinery Sirups.Gordon G. Halvorsen and A. R. BollaertCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 4, 385–389Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50436a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50436a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Whole-Body Distribution of Leukemia and Functional Total Marrow Irradiation Based on FLT-PET and Dual-Energy CT (2017)

This report describes a multimodal whole-body 3'-deoxy-3'[(18)F]-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography (FLT-PET) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) method to identify leukemia distribution within the bone marrow environment (BME) and to develop disease- and/or BME-specific radiation strategies. A control participant and a newly diagnosed patient with acute myeloid leukemia prior to induction chemotherapy were scanned with FLT-PET and DECT. The red marrow (RM) and yellow marrow (YM) of the BME were segmented from DECT using a basis material decomposition method. Functional total marrow irradiation (fTMI) treatment planning simulations were performed combining FLT-PET and DECT imaging to differentially target irradiation to the leukemia niche and the rest of the skeleton. Leukemia colonized both RM and YM regions, adheres to the cortical bone in the spine, and has enhanced activity in the proximal/distal femur, suggesting a potential association of leukemia with the BME. The planning target volume was reduced significantly in fTMI compared with conventional TMI. The dose to active disease (standardized uptake value >4) was increased by 2-fold, while maintaining doses to critical organs similar to those in conventional TMI. In conclusion, a hybrid system of functional-anatomical-physiological imaging can identify the spatial distribution of leukemia and will be useful to both help understand the leukemia niche and develop targeted radiation strategies.
iPrincipals: Innovative Themes, Strategies, and Recommendations of Ten Online University Educational Leadership Programs. (2015)

This report, the second in a series, provides comparative empirical data on current state and national university trends around the thematic strategies and constructs ten fully online Educational Leadership programs engage within their innovative designs. Our 2014 iPrincipals report provided information on how one California University transitioned their fully onground program to both a hybrid model, and subsequently to a fully online delivery, in their preparation of school leadership candidates. Current findings, presented within this report, reflect the broader state and national perspectives of Educational Leadership program faculty, and administrators, in their preparation of iPrincipals. As twenty years of growth in online course delivery across university programs continues to steadily increase, our understanding of online practice, as faculty within educational leadership programs, assists us to both apply empirical trends within our discipline, and to assess their more local effectiveness and quality to enhance our EDL candidates’ learning (McBeth, 2008). We can
The antibody-based targeted delivery of TNF in combination with doxorubicin eradicates sarcomas in mice and confers protective immunity (2013)

The findings of this study provide a rationale for the clinical study of the fully human immunocytokine L19-TNF in combination with doxorubicin in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma.
Rapid and Reliable Detection of Film Grain Noise (2006)

The knowledge of material specific film grain characteristics can significantly improve the performance of digital film processing algorithms. This paper proposes a rapid and reliable detector for film grain properties. First, homogeneous blocks concerning intensity and texture are determined by a novel measure calculated in the frequency domain. Second, based on these blocks the signal-dependent grain noise level is estimated and an image region of pure film grain is detected. Evaluation based on a wide range of structured images with high frequent electronic noise and low frequent film grain, shows that the method performs with a worst case estimation error of 2.54 dB in typical movie quality (PSNR of 25-40 dB). This meets the requirements of real applications such as digital film restoration and special effects compositing.