gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Out-patient Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (1962)

The maintenance of tissue homeostasis in steady state or under stress is dependent on the proper communication between the stem cells and the supporting cells in their microenvironment or “niche”. In addition to promoting immune tolerance, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have recently emerged as a critical component of the stem cell niche in the hair follicle (HF), injured muscle, bone marrow, and small intestine to support stem cell differentiation or maintain their quiescence. How Treg cells sense the dynamic signals in the niche environment and communicate with stem cells during tissue regeneration is largely unknown. Here, by using HF as a model, we uncover a hitherto unrecognized function of steroid hormone glucocorticoid that instructs skin-resident Treg cells through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to facilitate hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activation and HF regeneration. Ablation of GR signaling in Tregs blocked depilation-induced hair regeneration and natural hair growth without affecting Treg’s immune suppressive function. Mechanistic study revealed that GR signaling induces skin-resident Tregs to produce TGF-b3, which directly activates Smad2/3 in HFSCs and facilitates HFSC activation and proliferation. Our study identifies a novel crosstalk between skin-resident Tregs and HFSCs mediated by the GR/TGF-b3 axis, highlighting a new avenue to manipulate Tregs to support tissue regeneration. Supported by NIH R01-AI107027 NIH R01-AI1511123 NIH R21-AI154919 NIH S10-OD023689
Effect of B-vitamins (B1, B12) and inorganic nutrients on algal bloom dynamics in a coastal ecosystem (2007)

Vitamins play an integral role in the cellular biochemistry of algae, but the effect of these organic metabolites on the growth and diversity of phytoplankton communities has been poorly studied. We integrated newly developed techniques to directly measure vitamins B 1 and B 12 with field-based amendment experiments to elucidate the role of B-vitamins in phytoplankton population dynamics in coastal marine environments. Two sites on Long Island, New York, USA, were monitored from spring through fall: the tidal Old Fort Pond (OFP) and the brackish Peconic River (PR) estuary. Vitamin B 12 levels were similar between sites (OFP: 1.6 to 21 pM; PR: 1.6 to 17 pM) and were significantly correlated with bacterial densities, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorus at OFP, suggesting that B 12 behaves like regenerated organic nutrients. Concentrations of vitamin B 1 were substantially higher in the freshwater dominated site (PR: 12 to 190 pM; OFP: 9 to 43 pM) and were inversely correlated with salinity, suggesting that rivers and groundwater may be an important source of vitamin B 1 . During dinoflagellate blooms (>10 4 cells ml -1 ), occurring in late summer and early fall, vitamin B 12 and B 1 levels in PR decreased 90% relative to pre-bloom levels, while levels temporarily increased to seasonal maxima in OFP, likely reflecting vitamin synthesis and/or regeneration by microbial communities. Nutrient amendment experiments conducted at both sites during summer demonstrated that algal communities were primarily N-limited, while those conducted during early fall showed that vitamins B 1 and B 12 were each capable of significantly enhancing the biomass of larger phytoplankton (> 5 m). The autumnal shift in phytoplankton communities from dinoflagellates to diatoms, as vitamin levels became depleted and algal communities were limited by vitamin B 12 , suggests that B-vitamins may influence the succession of coastal phytoplankton.
Spectrum of mutations in monogenic diabetes genes identified from high-throughput DNA sequencing of 6888 individuals (2017)

Targeted sequencing of genes linked with monogenic diabetes can identify disease-relevant mutations in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes not suspected of having monogenic forms of the disease. Our data suggests that GCK-MODY frequently masquerades as classical type 2 diabetes. The results confirm that MODY is under-diagnosed, particularly in individuals presenting with early onset diabetes and clinically labeled as type 2 diabetes; thus, sequencing of all monogenic diabetes genes should be routinely considered in such individuals. Genetic information can provide a specific diagnosis, inform disease prognosis and may help to better stratify treatment plans.
Home Equity Insurance (1994)

Home equity insurance policies—policies insuring homeowners against declines in the prices of their homes—would bear some resemblance both to ordinary insurance and to financial hedging vehicles. A menu of choices for the design of such policies is presented here, and conceptual issues are discussed. Choices include pass-through futures and options, in which the insurance company in effect serves as a retailer to homeowners of short positions in real estate futures markets or of put options on real estate indices. Another choice is a life-event-triggered insurance policy, in which the homeowner pays regular fixed insurance premia and is entitled to a claim if both a sufficient decline in the real estate price index and a specified life event (such as a move beyond a certain geographical distance) occur. Pricing of the premia to cover loss experience is derived, and tables of break-even policy premia are shown, based on estimated models of Los Angeles housing prices from 1971 to 1994.
Properties of Low Density Lipoprotein Binding by Cultured Swine Granulosa Cells* (1985)

The properties of low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding to ovarian cells were investigated in cultured swine granulosa cells in serum-free monolayer cultures. Swine and human LDL bound with high affinity and specificity, with apparent dissociation constant (Kd) values for swine and human LDL of 1.1 and 3.6 micrograms/ml at 4 C, and 2.7 and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 37 C. In contrast, high density lipoprotein competed sparingly with [125I]iodo-LDL with an apparent half-maximally inhibitory concentration of 650 micrograms/ml. Binding of LDL was dependent upon arginine residues within the apoprotein B moiety, since covalent modification of LDL with 1,2-cyclohexanedione markedly reduced its ability to compete for binding or degradation and to support progesterone biosynthesis. This specific, high affinity saturable binding of LDL to pig granulosa cells exhibited a maximal binding capacity of 0.7 micrograms LDL protein/mg DNA, which corresponds to approximately 5500 LDL receptors per cell. The relative time course of LDL binding, internalization, and degradation by swine granulosa cells was assessed by examining trypsin-releasable (surface-bound) and trypsin-resistant (internalized) [125I]iodo-LDL. At 37 C, granulosa cells exhibited a rapid increase in surface-bound lipoprotein, followed by delayed but subsequently progressive increases in internalized and degraded LDL. LDL degradation by swine granulosa cells was a saturable, temperature- and time-dependent process, with half-maximal degradation occurring at a concentration of 16 micrograms/ml LDL. This correlates closely with the half-maximal concentration of LDL that stimulates progesterone secretion. Degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL was not attributable to bulk fluid-phase pinocytosis, since the cellular ingestion of an impermeant probe, [125I]iodo-polyvinylpyrrolidone, occurred at 1/40 the rate of lipoprotein degradation. In addition, degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL was specifically inhibited by excess unlabeled LDL, decreased by prior exposure of granulosa cells to the soluble sterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and antagonized by the lysosomotrophic agent, chloroquine. Moreover, in separate experiments, rates of degradation of LDL were found to be significantly correlated with progesterone one production (r = +0.88, P less than 0.01). In summary, swine granulosa cells exhibit specific, high affinity, saturable, and low capacity receptors for homologous and heterologous LDL. These LDL recognition sites on ovarian cells depend upon cyclohexanedione-sensitive arginine residues with the apoprotein B moiety for effective binding, internalization, and functional (steroidogenic) responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Balanoid barnacles of the genus Hexaminius (Archaeobalanidae: Elminiinae) from mangroves of New South Wales, including a description of a new species (1988)

Volume: 40
Purification and Characterization of a Cytostatic Factor from the Bitter Melon Momordica Charantia (1982)

In this report we describe the purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). As determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), this purified factor is a single component with an apparent molecular weight of 11,000. The factor is not sensitive to boiling or to pretreatments with trypsin, ribonuclease (RNAse), or deoxyribonuclease (DNAse). As determined by radioactive precursor uptake studies, the purified factor preferentially inhibits RNA synthesis in intact tissue culture cells. Some inhibition of protein synthesis and DNA synthesis also occurs. The factor is preferentially cytostatic for IM9 human leukemic lymphocytes when compared to normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
A Review of Test Results on Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Modules With Dish-Mounted Rankine Engines and for Production of Process Steam (1988)

This paper presents results of development testing of various solar thermal parabolic dish modules and assemblies. Most of the tests were at modules and assemblies that used a dish-mounted, organic Rankine cycle turbine for production of electric power. Some tests were also run on equipment for production of process steam or for production of electricity using dish-mounted reciprocating steam engines. These tests indicate that early modules achieve efficiencies of about 18 percent in converting sunlight to electricity (excluding the inverter but including parasitics). A number of malfunctions occurred. The performance measurements, as well as the malfunctions and other operating experience, provided information that should be of value in developing systems with improved performance and reduced maintenance.
Bis(2-pyridyl)-Substituted Boratriazaindacene as an NIR-Emitting Chemosensor for Hg(II) (2007)

Aryl-substituted boratriazaindacenes (Aza-Bodipy's) are a new class of dyes with long wavelength absorption and emissions. We now report the first application of these dyes in metal ion sensing. 2-Pyridyl substituents at positions 1 and 7 create a well-defined pocket for metal ion binding. The chemosensor described here is selective for Hg(II) ions, and both absorption and emission spectra display large changes that would allow ratiometric sensing. [reaction: see text].
The Desert Peak East EGS Project: A Progress Report (2005)

An industry-DOE cost-shared project is underway to evaluate the technical feasibility of developing an EGS power generation project on the eastern side of the Desert Peak geothermal field. An existing well (DP 23-1) is the focus of much of the Phase I investigation, including reinterpretation of lithology, acquisition and analysis of a wellbore imaging log, conducting and analyzing a step-rate injection test, performing a “mini-frac” to determine the magnitude of the least principal stress, and re-completing the well in preparation for hydraulic stimulation in Phase II. In addition, numerical modeling has been undertaken to estimate heat recovery and make generation forecasts for various stimulated volumes and well configurations. The target formations for hydraulic stimulation in well DP 23-1 lie below an unstable phyllite which bottoms at about 1,740 m (5,700 feet). The formations beneath this unit include a section of Jurassic/Triassic metamorphic rocks (of which the phyllite is a part) and an underlying, younger (Cretaceous?), massive granodiorite that intrudes the older rocks above. This granodiorite unit extends from 2,140 m (7,020 feet) to TD (2,939 m or 9,641 feet) in DP 23-1 and is likely to have considerable lateral extent. A wellbore image log obtained over a significant portion of the open hole has been analyzed in terms of the distribution and orientation of natural fractures and borehole failure phenomena (tensile fractures and breakouts). The features analyzed from the image log have been used to evaluate the orientation of the stress field and constrain the magnitudes of the principal stresses. These analyses permit an evaluation of the effects of pore pressure increase on preexisting fractures, and, in conjunction with lithology, mineralogy, drilling rate and geophysical log data, have been used to identify the most prospective interval for stimulation. Work remaining to be completed in Phase I includes the “mini-frac” and re-completion of well DP 23-1 in preparation for hydraulic stimulation. Future plans for the project in Phase II focus on planning, conducting, monitoring and evaluating a massive hydraulic stimulation of well DP 23-1. Should the stimulation result in the creation of a large enough reservoir, a second and perhaps a third well would be drilled and stimulated, and the system would be tested for several months to determine its capacity. In Phase III, a 2-5 MW stand-alone binary power plant would be designed and constructed at Desert Peak East, and in Phase IV, the power would be either sold to a utility customer or used to supply the parasitic power needs of the existing Desert Peak hydrothermal power plant.
Medical and Dental Diagnosis Using Millimeter-Waves (2006)

Human tissues are generally very lossy to millimeter-waves. To diagnose human health condition using millimeter-waves, measuring the reflection coefficient may be useful. In such the case, low loss part is applicable to obtain the information from deeper area of human body. Some parts of human body, which are relatively low loss for millimeter-waves, for example a fingertip with nail and a tooth, can be applied as a part for diagnosis. In this paper, a new technique is proposed to obtain blood sugar level by measuring reflection coefficient to be applied to these parts using millimetre-waves. In the measuring blood sugar level, the reflection change can be referred as the change of blood glucose level. Furthermore, in order to diagnose dental caries noninvasively, reflection coefficient in millimetre-waves is measured and compared to that of sound tooth. The reflection change from the tooth in time domain shows that the caries can be detected by millimetre-waves.
Capture Compound Mass Spectrometry Sheds Light on the Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Toxicity of Two Parkinson Drugs (2009)

Capture compound mass spectrometry (CCMS) is a novel technology that helps understand the molecular mechanism of the mode of action of small molecules. The Capture Compounds are trifunctional probes: A selectivity function (the drug) interacts with the proteins in a biological sample, a reactivity function (phenylazide) irreversibly forms a covalent bond, and a sorting function (biotin) allows the captured protein(s) to be isolated for mass spectrometric analysis. Tolcapone and entacapone are potent inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We aimed to understand the molecular basis of the difference of both drugs with respect to side effects. Using Capture Compounds with these drugs as selectivity functions, we were able to unambiguously and reproducibly isolate and identify their known target COMT. Tolcapone Capture Compounds captured five times more proteins than entacapone Capture Compounds. Moreover, tolcapone Capture Compounds isolated mitochondrial and peroxisomal proteins. The major tolcapone-protein interactions occurred with components of the respiratory chain and of the fatty acid beta-oxidation. Previously reported symptoms in tolcapone-treated rats suggested that tolcapone might act as decoupling reagent of the respiratory chain (Haasio et al., 2002b). Our results demonstrate that CCMS is an effective tool for the identification of a drug's potential off targets. It fills a gap in currently used in vitro screens for drug profiling that do not contain all the toxicologically relevant proteins. Thereby, CCMS has the potential to fill a technological need in drug safety assessment and helps reengineer or to reject drugs at an early preclinical stage.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF N,N‐DIACYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDES AND DERIVATIVES BASED ON THEM (1977)

Abstract Trimethylsilyl‐phthalimid (I) reagiert mit Phosgen zum Chlorcarbonylphthalimid (III), das weiter zum 1‐Chlor‐pseudo‐benzo‐isoindolon‐3 (XIII) decarboxyliert.
Revisiting Tolerance Induced by Autoantigen in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (2000)

Injection of autoantigens in IFA has been one of the most effective ways of preventing experimental, T cell-mediated, autoimmune disease in mice. The mechanism that underlies this protection has, however, remained controversial, with clonal deletion, induction of suppressor cells or of type 2 immunity being implicated at one time or another. Using high resolution enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) analysis, we have revisited this paradigm. As models of autoimmunity against sequestered and readily accessible autoantigens, we studied experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein, and renal tubular Ag-induced interstitial nephritis. We showed that the injection of each of these Ags in IFA was immunogenic and CD4 memory cells producing IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5, but essentially no IFN-gamma. IgG1, but not IgG2a, autoantibodies were produced. The engaged T cells were not classic Th2 cells in that IL-4 and IL-5 were produced by different cells. The IFA-induced violation of self tolerance, including the deposition of specific autoantibodies in the respective target organs, occurred in the absence of detectable pathology. Exhaustion of the pool of naive precursor cells was shown to be one mechanism of the IFA-induced tolerance. In addition, while the IFA-primed T cells acted as suppressor cells, in that they adoptively transferred disease protection, they did not interfere with the emergence of a type 1 T cell response in the adoptive host. Both active and passive tolerance mechanisms, therefore, contribute to autoantigen:IFA-induced protection from autoimmune disease.
Non-thermal plasma for biomass tar removal (2004)

Gasification is considered as an efficient way to utilize biomass as an energy source or for fuel production. One of the obstacles for commercial utilization is the production of tars or heavy hydrocarbons along with the producer gas. Tar removal posses a serious challenge. Conventional methods employ catalytic or thermal cracking or scrubbing techniques. The present paper investigates non-thermal plasma as an alternative approach. Experimental results indicate energy requirement to be about 400 J/L for removal of naphthalene from synthetic producer gas at 200°C. The main pathway for tar removal by pulsed corona at the investigated temperatures is dry reforming by CO2. For commercial application, the key issue is related to the energy consumption of the process. In addition, another requirement is that fuel gas cleaning should be done at high temperatures in order to integrate with the downstream process equipments. The paper intends to provide an insight into pulsed corona plasma treatment of fuel gas at high temperatures.
Skeletal diversity construction via a branching synthetic strategy (2006)

A branching synthetic strategy was used to efficiently generate structurally diverse scaffolds, which span a broad area of chemical descriptor space, and their biological activity against MRSA was demonstrated.
All Models are Wrong, but <i>Many</i> are Useful: Learning a Variable's Importance by Studying an Entire Class of Prediction Models Simultaneously. (2019)

Variable importance (VI) tools describe how much covariates contribute to a prediction model's accuracy. However, important variables for one well-performing model (for example, a linear model <i>f</i> (x) = x <sup><i>T</i></sup> <i>β</i> with a fixed coefficient vector <i>β</i>) may be unimportant for another model. In this paper, we propose model class reliance (MCR) as the range of VI values across <i>all</i> well-performing model in a prespecified class. Thus, MCR gives a more comprehensive description of importance by accounting for the fact that many prediction models, possibly of different parametric forms, may fit the data well. In the process of deriving MCR, we show several informative results for permutation-based VI estimates, based on the VI measures used in Random Forests. Specifically, we derive connections between permutation importance estimates for a <i>single</i> prediction model, U-statistics, conditional variable importance, conditional causal effects, and linear model coefficients. We then give probabilistic bounds for MCR, using a novel, generalizable technique. We apply MCR to a public data set of Broward County criminal records to study the reliance of recidivism prediction models on sex and race. In this application, MCR can be used to help inform VI for unknown, proprietary models.
Phase velocities and attenuations of shear, Lamb, and Rayleigh waves in plate-like tissues submerged in a fluid (L) (2011)

In the past several decades, the fields of ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography have shown promising results in noninvasive estimates of mechanical properties of soft tissues. These techniques often rely on measuring shear wave velocity due to an external or internal source of force and relating the velocity to viscoelasticity of the tissue. The mathematical relationship between the measured velocity and material properties of the myocardial wall, arteries, and other organs with non-negligible boundary conditions is often complicated and computationally expensive. A simple relationship between the Lamb-Rayleigh dispersion and the shear wave dispersion is derived for both the velocity and attenuation. The relationship shows that the shear wave velocity is around 20% higher than the Lamb-Rayleigh velocity and that the shear wave attenuation is about 20% lower than the Lamb-Rayleigh attenuation. Results of numerical simulations in the frequency range 0-500 Hz are presented.
High-speed waveguide photodetectors (2002)

Photodetectors offering wide bandwidths and high efficiency are indispensable devices for high-speed optical transmission systems. This paper reviews a proposed multimode waveguide pin-photodiode with a mushroom-mesa structure. This photodiode has a 3-dB bandwidth of 110 GHz and an external quantum efficiency of 50 % at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m. A high-speed monolithically integrated photoreceiver using the waveguide pin-photodiode is also presented.
MVR: An Architecture for Computation Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing (2017)

As communication and sensing capabilities of mobile devices increase, mobile applications are becoming increasingly complex. The ability of computation offloading, which is one of the main features of mobile edge computing gains relevance as a technique to improve the battery lifetime of mobile devices and increase the performance of applications. In this paper, we describe the offloading system model and present an innovative architecture, called "MVR", contributing to computation offloading in mobile edge computing.