gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complement activation in vitro by the red cell substitute, liposome‐ encapsulated hemoglobin: mechanism of activation and inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 (1997)

Because of complement activation, the use of LEH for transfusion may require careful evaluation of safety. Soluble complement receptor type 1 may be useful as a prophylactic agent for complement activation-related complications of liposome infusions.
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 promotes age-related organ fibrosis (2016)

Aging promotes inflammation, a process contributing to fibrosis and decline in organ function. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs [NETosis]), orchestrated by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), damages organs in acute inflammatory models. We determined that NETosis is more prevalent in aged mice and investigated the role of PAD4/NETs in age-related organ fibrosis. Reduction in fibrosis was seen in the hearts and lungs of aged PAD4<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. An increase in left ventricular interstitial collagen deposition and a decline in systolic and diastolic function were present only in WT mice, and not in PAD4<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In an experimental model of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac pressure overload induced NETosis and significant platelet recruitment in WT but not PAD4<sup>-/-</sup> myocardium. DNase 1 was given to assess the effects of extracellular chromatin. PAD4 deficiency or DNase 1 similarly protected hearts from fibrosis. We propose a role for NETs in cardiac fibrosis and conclude that PAD4 regulates age-related organ fibrosis and dysfunction.
Continuous Plug Flow Crystallization of Pharmaceutical Compounds (2010)

Crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical industry are usually designed to obtain crystals with controlled size, shape, purity, and polymorphic form. Knowledge of the process conditions required to fabricate crystals with controlled characteristics is critical during process development. In this work, continuous crystallization of ketoconazole, flufenamic acid, and l-glutamic acid in a nonconventional plug flow crystallizer was investigated. Kenics type static mixers were used to promote homogeneous mixing of active pharmaceutical ingredient solution and antisolvent. A strategy of multiple points of addition of antisolvent along the crystallizer was evaluated to control the size of the crystals. Interestingly, it was found that crystal size can be increased or decreased with an increased number of antisolvent addition points, depending on the kinetics of the system. It was also found that smaller crystals with a narrower size distribution can be obtained with the static mixers. A model to describe the continuous crystallization process was developed through the simultaneous solution of a population balance equation, kinetics expressions for crystal growth and nucleation, and a mass balance. The comparison of experimental and calculated values for crystal size distribution revealed that a growth rate dispersion model could describe accurately the continuous crystallization process. Collision of crystals with each other and with mixing elements inside the crystallizer may be the source of random fluctuation of the growth rate in the nonconventional plug flow crystallizer with static mixers.
B and T lymphocytes in man (1976)

T, B, and "null" lymphocytes were determined in peripheral blood obtained from 24 control subjects and 15 multiple sclerosis patients. The total number of lymphocytes and T lymphocytes were reduced significantly in multiple sclerosis patients as compared with those of controls. Although the percentage of B lymphocytes increased in these patients, the absolute number of B lymphocytes was similar to controls. The mitotic response of lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen in 7-day-old cultures was decreased as compared with that of controls.
The Dynamic Evolution of Twisted Magnetic Flux Tubes in a Three‐dimensional Convecting Flow. I. Uniformly Buoyant Horizontal Tubes (2003)

We present three-dimensional numerical simulations of the dynamic evolution of uniformly buoyant, twisted horizontal magnetic flux tubes in a three-dimensional stratified convective velocity field. Our calculations are relevant to understanding how stratified convection in the deep solar convection zone may affect the rise and the structure of buoyant flux tubes that are responsible for the emergence of solar active regions. We find that in order for the magnetic buoyancy force of the tube to dominate the hydrodynamic force due to the convective downflows, the field strength B of the flux tube needs to be greater than (Hp/a)1/2Beq ~ 3Beq, where Hp is the pressure scale height, a is the tube radius, and Beq is the field strength in equipartition with the kinetic energy density of the strong downdrafts. For tubes of equipartition field strength (B = Beq), the dynamic evolution depends sensitively on the local condition of the convective flow. Sections of the tube in the paths of strong downdrafts are pinned down to the bottom despite their buoyancy, while the rise speed of sections within upflow regions is significantly boosted; Ω-shaped emerging tubes can form between downdrafts. Although flux tubes with B = Beq are found to be severely distorted by convection, the degree of distortion obtained from our simulations is not severe enough to clearly rule out the Ω-tubes that are able to emerge between downdrafts as possible progenitors of solar active regions. As the initial field strength of the tube becomes higher than the critical value of ~(Hp/a)1/2Beq given above, the dynamic evolution converges toward the results of previous simulations of the buoyant rise of magnetic flux tubes in a static, adiabatically stratified model solar convection zone. Tubes with 10 times the equipartition field strength are found to rise unimpeded by the downdrafts and are not significantly distorted by the three-dimensional convective flow.
Atomic fluorine spectra in the argon inductively coupled plasma (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtomic fluorine spectra in the argon inductively coupled plasmaR. C. Fry, S. J. Northway, R. M. Brown, and S. K. HughesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 11, 1716–1722Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50061a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50061a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning to Correct Overexposed and Underexposed Photos (2020)

Capturing photographs with wrong exposures remains a major source of errors
in camera-based imaging. Exposure problems are categorized as either: (i)
overexposed, where the camera exposure was too long, resulting in bright and
washed-out image regions, or (ii) underexposed, where the exposure was too
short, resulting in dark regions. Both under- and overexposure greatly reduce
the contrast and visual appeal of an image. Prior work mainly focuses on
underexposed images or general image enhancement. In contrast, our proposed
method targets both over- and underexposure errors in photographs. We formulate
the exposure correction problem as two main sub-problems: (i) color enhancement
and (ii) detail enhancement. Accordingly, we propose a coarse-to-fine deep
neural network (DNN) model, trainable in an end-to-end manner, that addresses
each sub-problem separately. A key aspect of our solution is a new dataset of
over 24,000 images exhibiting a range of exposure values with a corresponding
properly exposed image. Our method achieves results on par with existing
state-of-the-art methods on underexposed images and yields significant
improvements for images suffering from overexposure errors.
Isolation of a novel cell-attachment and spreading-promoting protein from human serum (1985)

A protein with potent cell-attachment and spreading-promoting activity was isolated from fibronectin-free human serum. The purification steps included affinity chromatography on heparin-agarose and preparative isoelectric focusing. The purified protein was homogeneous as judged from dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It had an isoelectric point of 5.0 and an Mr of 52 000. The protein promoted the spreading of Chinese-hamster ovary cells to plastic in a manner similar to that observed with fibronectin.
In Vivo Lung Lavage as an Experimental Model of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1980)

Using adult guinea-pigs, we have developed an experimental model in which alveolar surfactant phospholipids are removed by repeated lung lavage in vivo, and in which the short-term survival of the animals is ensured by artificial ventilation. Blood gases, parameters of lung mechanics, and histologic and electron microscopic findings indicate that the lavage procedure induces a condition similar to the adult respiratory distress syndrome. We propose that our technique might be used for evaluation of pharmacological agents and various forms of artificial ventilation which have been suggested for treatment of this disease.
A critical role of Sonic Hedgehog signaling in maintaining the tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells (2009)

Accumulated evidence suggests a major role for the activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in the development of neural crest stem cells that give rise to the sympathetic nervous system. We therefore investigated the involvement of SHH signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, a common childhood malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Human neuroblastoma cell lines and a majority of primary neuroblastoma specimens showed high-level expression of the pathway targets and components, indicating persistent activation of the SHH pathway. All of the neuroblastoma cell lines we examined expressed significant levels of SHH ligand, suggesting an autocrine, ligand-dependent activation of the SHH pathway in neuroblastoma cells. Inhibition of SHH signaling by cyclopamine induced apoptosis and blocked proliferation in all major types of neuroblastoma cells, and abrogated the tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, the knockdown of GLI2 in neuroblastoma BE (2)-C and SK-N-DZ cell lines resulted in the inhibition of colony formation. Our study has revealed a molecular mechanism for the persistent activation of the SHH pathway which promotes the development of neuroblastoma, and suggests a new approach for the treatment of this childhood malignant tumor. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1848-1855).
Absence of Erythroblast Macrophage Protein (Emp) Leads to Failure of Erythroblast Nuclear Extrusion (2006)

In mammals, the functional unit for definitive erythropoiesis is the erythroblastic island, a multicellular structure composed of a central macrophage surrounded by developing erythroblasts. Erythroblast-macrophage interactions play a central role in the terminal maturation of erythroblasts, including enucleation. One possible mediator of this cell-cell interaction is the protein Emp (erythroblast macrophage protein). We used targeted gene inactivation to define the function of Emp during hematopoiesis. Emp null embryos die perinatally and show profound alterations in the hematopoietic system. A dramatic increase in the number of nucleated, immature erythrocytes is seen in the peripheral blood of Emp null fetuses. In the fetal liver virtually no erythroblastic islands are observed, and the number of F4/80-positive macrophages is substantially reduced. Those present lack cytoplasmic projections and are unable to interact with erythroblasts. Interestingly, wild type macrophages can bind Emp-deficient erythroblasts, but these erythroblasts do not extrude their nuclei, suggesting that Emp impacts enucleation in a cell autonomous fashion. Previous studies have implicated the actin cytoskeleton and its reorganization in both erythroblast enucleation as well as in macrophage development. We demonstrate that Emp associates with F-actin and that this interaction is important in the normal distribution of F-actin in both erythroblasts and macrophages. Thus, Emp appears to be required for erythroblast enucleation and in the development of the mature macrophages. The availability of an Emp null model provides a unique experimental system to study the enucleation process and to evaluate the function of macrophages in definitive erythropoiesis.
A Theory for Treating Dizziness Due to Optical Flow (Visual Vertigo) (2008)

Virtual reality (VR) training that provides optic flow stimuli and visuo-vestibular conflict has been suggested as a way to treat patients with inappropriate visual dependence (sometimes called visual vertigo even though spinning sensation is often absent). We propose a simple framework based on a hypothesis that the degree of dizziness depends on the offsetting between the destabilizing effect of optical flow and the stabilizing effect provided by stationary objects in the visual field. We define a total destabilizing potential (TDP), which is the ratio of the destabilizing effect over the stabilizing effect. The approach is to gradually increase the person's tolerance of a higher TDP through exercises that may be described as an inverse of the traditional gaze stabilization exercises for vestibular rehabilitation. The theory proposes that an important ingredient in VR training is to incorporate a stationary anchor to help synchronizing the visual sensory to vestibular and somatosensory inputs. The scheme can also be adopted economically with computer-generated imagery or used by individuals in certain everyday environments.
Adenosine receptor occupancy suppresses chemoattractant-induced phospholipase D activity by diminishing membrane recruitment of small GTPases (2000)

Adenosine (Ado) is an important autocrine modulator of neutrophil functions. In this study, we determined the effects of endogenous Ado on fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activity in neutrophils. The removal of extracellular Ado by Ado deaminase (ADA) or the blockade of its action by the A2a receptor antagonists 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine (CSC) or CGS15943 markedly increased fMLP-induced PLD activation. The concentration-dependent stimulatory effects of CSC and CGS15943 were abolished by a pretreatment of neutrophil suspensionswith ADA. In contrast, the selective A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 suppressed fMLP-induced PLD activation. Furthermore, inhibition by CGS21680 of fMLP-induced PLD activity was reversed by CSC or CGS15943. The removal of Ado by ADA or the blockade of its action by CSC or CGS15943, markedly increased the membrane recruitment of cytosolic protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha), RhoA, and ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) in response to fMLP. As shown for PLD activity, the stimulatory effect of Ado receptor antagonists on PLD cofactors translocation was abolished by a pretreatment of the cells with ADA. Moreover, the membrane translocation of both PKCalpha, RhoA, and ARF in response to fMLP was attenuated by CGS21680 and this effect of the A2a receptor agonist was antagonized by CSC or CGS15943. These data demonstrate that Ado released by neutrophils in the extracellular milieu inhibits PLD activation by blocking membrane association of ARF, RhoA, and PKCalpha through Ado A2a receptor occupancy. (Blood. 2000;95:519-527)
Retiming for Synchronous Data Flow Graphs (2007)

In this paper we present a new algorithm for retiming synchronous dataflow (SDF) graphs. The retiming aims at minimizing the cycle length of an SDF. The algorithm is provably optimal and its execution time is improved compared to previous approaches.
Origin of diversified vertebrate immune signaling and regulation in a basal chordate (43.30) (2010)

Abstract To well understand how the cytoplamic network for immune signaling and regulation originated from and evolved among species. Our group has dedicated extensive effort to address this question by studying amphioxus immunity at basal chordate. We first characterized a novel IgSF named as VCP, which could recognize microbes and induced phosphorylation of tyrosines in its intracellular region, as a possible precursor of vertebrate IgSF in lymphocytes. We then showed that amphioxus MyD88 can be utilized by most of the vertebrate-specific TLRs leading to the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which could be negatively regulated by SARM and the duplicated TRAFs. We further found the disparate subcellular localization and signaling activities of two amphioxus FADD homologs by showing that over-expression of amphioxus FADD1 resulted in the formation of death effecter filamentous structures in the cytoplasm and the activation of NF-κB, while translocation of the FADD2 from nuclear to cytoplasm could induce apoptosis. In all, our studies not only showed the evolutionary origin of lymphocyte signaling, the conservation of NF-κB activation and the apoptosis induction, but also revealed the regulation difference of a basic innate immune pathway and the dynamic change of apoptotic network at basal chordate depending on its huge gene expansion.
Some Aspects of Biaxial Creep Testing of Thin-Walled Cylindrical and Spherical Pressure Vessels (1981)

Abstract Expressions are derived for the expansion of cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels that creep at a constant temperature while being internally pressurized by a constant amount of an ideally behaving gas. The main portion of the initial volume of the pressure vessels is occupied by a rod or a ball-type insert to reduce the energy released or containment requirement if a rupture should occur.
A Nanoparticle-Based Trivalent Vaccine Targeting the Glycan Binding VP8* Domains of Rotaviruses (2021)

Rotavirus causes severe gastroenteritis in children. Although vaccines are implemented, rotavirus-related diarrhea still claims ~200,000 lives annually worldwide, mainly in low-income settings, pointing to a need for improved vaccine tactics. To meet such a public health need, a P<sub>24</sub>-VP8* nanoparticle displaying the glycan-binding VP8* domains, the major neutralizing antigens of rotavirus, was generated as a new type of rotavirus vaccine. We reported here our development of a P<sub>24</sub>-VP8* nanoparticle-based trivalent vaccine. First, we established a method to produce tag-free P<sub>24</sub>-VP8* nanoparticles presenting the VP8*s of P[8], P[4], and P[6] rotaviruses, respectively, which are the three predominantly circulating rotavirus P types globally. This approach consists of a chemical-based protein precipitation and an ion exchange purification, which may be scaled up for large vaccine production. All three P<sub>24</sub>-VP8* nanoparticle types self-assembled efficiently with authentic VP8*-glycan receptor binding function. After they were mixed as a trivalent vaccine, we showed that intramuscular immunization of the vaccine elicited high IgG titers specific to the three homologous VP8* types in mice. The resulted mouse sera strongly neutralized replication of all three rotavirus P types in cell culture. Thus, the trivalent P<sub>24</sub>-VP8* nanoparticles are a promising vaccine candidate for parenteral use against multiple P types of predominant rotaviruses.
An IR analysis of the role of SiO4 tetrahedra in thermally annealed ZrSiO4 (1999)

The role of SiO4 groups in a thermally annealed zircon has been investigated. The lattice parameters suggest that at 1,343 K recrystallized zircon is in the high temperature structural modification. The observed changes in the IR spectra of annealed zircon can be explained with a two stage process: (i) a relaxation of the tetrahedra as a function of time, indicating that in the metamict zircon there is a further deformation of the tetrahedra with respect to the one related to the high-temperature structural change and (ii) new absorption bands appear and they can be identified as cristobalite. This latter observation helps the modelling of the recrystallization process based upon diffusion rates.
Band-gap narrowing in heavily doped many-valley semiconductors (1981)

Band-gap shrinkage in impure $n$-Si and Ge as a function of impurity concentration is studied theoretically at $T=0$ K. Above the Mott critical density it is assumed that electrons occupy the host conduction band in the form of an electron gas. Interactions among the free carriers and with the ionized point impurities give rise to a downward shift of the conduction band. Interband matrix elements are explicitly included for the valence bands. As a consequence, the two valence bands at the center of the zone are shifted upwards by the same amount. Correlation and impurity scattering both give corrections to the band gap, which are of the same order of magnitude. In particular, one finds that the band gap depends rather sensitively on the arrangement of donor ions. The choice of dielectric screening is investigated, and comparison with previous calculations is made. A comparison between present theoretical results and experimental estimates of the band-gap narrowing is also indicated. One notes an order-of-magnitude agreement, although there is considerable scatter in the experimental data. Shortcomings of the present theory are briefly discussed.
Nanocapsules templated on liquid cores stabilized by graft amphiphilic polyelectrolytes (2015)

A surfactant-free method of preparation of nanocapsules templated on liquid cores using amphiphilic graft polyelectrolytes was developed. A model photoactive copolymer, poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) with grafted poly(vinylnaphthalene) chains (PAMPS-graft-PVN) was used to stabilize toluene droplets in an aqueous emulsion. The macromolecules, due to their amphiphilic character and the presence of strong ionic groups, tend to undergo intramolecular aggregation in water but at the water-oil interface less compact conformation is preferred with PVN grafts anchoring in the oil phase and the charged PAMPS main chains residing in the aqueous phase, thus stabilizing the nanoemulsion droplets. Formation of such nanocapsules was confirmed by dynamic light scattering measurements as well as SEM and cryo-TEM imaging. Grafting density and content of the chromophores in the graft copolymers were varied in order to achieve high stability of the coated nanodroplets. It was shown that the capsules are better stabilized by the copolymers with many short hydrophobic grafts than with fewer but longer ones. Use of photoactive polyelectrolytes enabled spectroscopic investigation of the relationship between conformation of the macromolecules and stabilization of the oil-core nanocapsules. Long-term stability of the nanocapsules was achieved and further increased by multilayer shell formation using polyelectrolytes deposited via the layer-by-layer approach. The obtained capsules served as efficient nanocontainers for a hydrophobic fluorescent probe. The proposed strategy of nanocapsule preparation may be easily extended to biologically relevant polymers and applied to fabricate liquid core nanodelivery systems without the need of using low molecular weight additives which may have adverse effects in numerous biomedical applications.