gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale submerged fermentation of <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> for anti‐hepatoma activity (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Submerged cultivation of Antrodia cinnamomea was carried out for manufacturing the fermentation product with anti‐hepatoma activity. The fermentation process was optimized for different parameters at shake flask level to obtain products with high inhibition potency against Hep G2 hepatoma cells. Scale‐up of the fermentation process was then achieved from 250 mL shake flask to 5 L, 500 L and 5‐ton fermenters. RESULTS: Glucose and malt extract were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The initial pH of 5.0 and an operating temperature of 22 °C were the best for a product with lowest IC 50 value. A shorter cultivation time was required when the scale of fermentation increased from 5 L to 5 tons. The reducing sugar and solids contents of the broth filtrate were correlated exponentially with the IC 50 of the ethanolic extract of mycelium for hepatoma cells, and the level of ergosterol in the mycelium extract follows the same profile as the increase in Hep G2 cells inhibition. CONCLUSION: When Antrodia cinnamomea is cultured in a 5‐ton fermenter, 4 weeks are required for the fermentation product to reach the highest anti‐hepatoma activity. The solid and reducing sugar contents of the broth filtrate as well as the ergosterol content in the ethanol extract of mycelium can serve as the marker during fermentation for manufacturing product with anti‐hepatoma activity. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Relation between optical configuration and immunogenicity of synthetic polypeptides (1965)

1. Three random linear copolymers composed of two or three of the amino acids d-tyrosine, d-glutamic acid, d-alanine and d-lysine, and a branched multichain copolymer with a poly-d-lysine backbone and polymeric side chains of d-tyrosine and d-glutamic acid, were found to be non-antigenic in rabbits, by precipitin and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and in guinea pigs, by delayed hypersensitivity tests. The corresponding four copolymers of l-amino acids were shown to be antigenic by all the three criteria. 2. No immunological cross-reactions were observed between the polypeptides composed of d-amino acids and the corresponding l-amino acid copolymers. 3. Similarly, an azobenzenearsonic acid conjugate of poly-d-tyrosine was shown to be non-antigenic in guinea pigs, in contrast with an analogous conjugate of poly-l-tyrosine. Animals sensitized with the conjugate of poly-l-tyrosine did not exhibit delayed skin reactions, when cross-tested with the d-conjugate. 4. A linear polymer composed of d-tyrosine, l-glutamic acid and l-alanine was found to be immunogenic and to cross-react with the corresponding polymer composed exclusively of d-amino acids.
Rehabilitation by limb activation training reduces left-sided motor impairment in unilateral neglect patients: A single-blind randomised control trial (2002)

Abstract Limb activation treatment for unilateral neglect has been shown to be effective in several single case studies (Robertson, Hogg, & McMillan, 1998a; Robertson, North, & Geggie, 1992). Limb Activation Treatment (LAT) is based on the theoretical model that links different aspects of spatial representation in the brain. Specifically, proprioceptive representations are strongly linked to external visual representations, such as activation of one may have influences on the other. LAT is implemented using an automatic device—the limb activation device (LAD). This device encourages patients with left unilateral neglect to make small movements with the partly paralysed left side of their body. Thirty-nine patients with right brain damage following cerebrovascular accident (CVA) who showed left unilateral neglect, were randomly allocated to perceptual training plus LAT or to perceptual training alone. Both groups received training of 12 sessions of 45 min duration over a 12 week period; 36 of the 39 patients were successfully followed up blind at 3 months, a total of 32 were followed up blind at 6 months and 26 at 18–24 months. Outcome was assessed using a variety of standardised functional outcome and neuropsychological measures. LAT treatment was associated with significantly improved left-sided motor function, with effects lasting up to 18–24 months. The limb activation device can be used in the context of existing therapy with no additional therapy time. This study shows that LAT can produce enduring improvements in left-sided motor impairment in CVA patients suffering left unilateral neglect.
Induction of interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral responses require protein deacetylase activity (2004)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, commonly correlated with transcriptional repression, was essential for transcriptional induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). Inhibition of HDAC function led to global impairment of ISG expression, with little effect on basal expression. HDAC function was not required for signal transducer and activator of transcription tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or assembly on chromatin, but it was needed for full activity of the signal transducer and activator of transcription transactivation domain. HDAC function was also required for gene induction driven by the IFN regulatory factor 3 transcription factor activated by virus infection, and it was essential for establishment of an antiviral response against Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Picornaviridae. Requirement for HDAC function in transcriptional activation may represent a general mechanism for rapid stimulation of ISG transcription.
Reducing world switches in virtualized environment with flexible cross-world calls (2015)

Modern computers are built with increasingly complex software stack crossing multiple layers (i.e., worlds), where cross-world call has been a necessity for various important purposes like security, reliability, and reduced complexity. Unfortunately, there is currently limited cross-world call support (e.g., syscall, vmcall), and thus other calls need to be emulated by detouring multiple times to the privileged software layer (i.e., OS kernel and hypervisor). This causes not only significant performance degradation, but also unnecessary implementation complexity.
Sharpen Focus: Learning With Attention Separability and Consistency (2019)

Recent developments in gradient-based attention modeling have seen attention maps emerge as a powerful tool for interpreting convolutional neural networks. Despite good localization for an individual class of interest, these techniques produce attention maps with substantially overlapping responses among different classes, leading to the problem of visual confusion and the need for discriminative attention. In this paper, we address this problem by means of a new framework that makes class-discriminative attention a principled part of the learning process. Our key innovations include new learning objectives for attention separability and cross-layer consistency, which result in improved attention discriminability and reduced visual confusion. Extensive experiments on image classification benchmarks show the effectiveness of our approach in terms of improved classification accuracy, including CIFAR-100 (+3.33%), Caltech-256 (+1.64%), ImageNet (+0.92%), CUB-200-2011 (+4.8%) and PASCAL VOC2012 (+5.73%).
RAMPARTS (2016)

Synchronous colocated collaborative sensemaking requires that analysts share their information and insights with each other. The challenge is to know when is the right time to share what information without disrupting the present state of analysis. This is crucial in ad-hoc sensemaking sessions with mobile devices because small screen space limits information display. To address these tensions, we propose and evaluate RAMPARTS - a spatially aware sensemaking system for collaborative crime analysis that aims to support faster information sharing, clue-finding, and analysis. We compare RAMPARTS to an interactive tabletop and a paper-based method in a controlled laboratory study. We found that RAMPARTS significantly decreased task completion time compared to paper, without affecting cognitive load or task completion time adversely compared to an interactive tabletop. We conclude that designing for ad-hoc colocated sensemaking on mobile devices could benefit from spatial awareness. In particular, spatial awareness could be used to identify relevant information, support diverse alignment styles for visual comparison, and enable alternative rhythms of sensemaking.
Modeling Cloud Cost and Performance (2010)

Our mission is to be a premier Centre of Excellence by offering strategic management consulting services, a global forum for innovation, training and certifications, publication and collaboration at both regional and international levels through and by the effort of recognizing outstanding scholarly and professional contributions of both individuals and organizations.
Genetic and functional confirmation of the causality of the <i>DGAT1 K232A</i> quantitative trait nucleotide in affecting milk yield and composition (2004)

We recently used a positional cloning approach to identify a nonconservative lysine to alanine substitution (K232A) in the bovine DGAT1 gene that was proposed to be the causative quantitative trait nucleotide underlying a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting milk fat composition, previously mapped to the centromeric end of bovine chromosome 14. We herein generate genetic and functional data that confirm the causality of the DGAT1 K232A mutation. We have constructed a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism map of the 3.8-centimorgan BULGE30-BULGE9 interval containing the QTL and show that the association with milk fat percentage maximizes at the DGAT1 gene. We provide evidence that the K allele has undergone a selective sweep. By using a baculovirus expression system, we have expressed both DGAT1 alleles in Sf9 cells and show that the K allele, causing an increase in milk fat percentage in the live animal, is characterized by a higher Vmax in producing triglycerides than the A allele.
Fourier Optics Modeling of Display Sparkle from AntiGlare Cover Glass: Comparison to Experimental Data (2020)

Display sparkle is described by the spatial variation in pixel brightness from displays with anti-glare cover glass. Here we describe an efficient Fourier optics-based technique for calculating sparkle and compare it to experimental results.
How Lorenz Might Have Viewed the Computation of the Angular Functions Occurring in His Theory (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Philip J. Wyatt, "How Lorenz Might Have Viewed the Computation of the Angular Functions Occurring in His Theory," Appl. Opt. 13, 2751-2752 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Robust HMM estimation with Gaussian merging-splitting and tied-transform HMMs (1998)

We present two different approaches for robust estimation of the parameters of context-dependent hidden Markov models (HMMs) for speech recognition. The first approach, the Gaussian MergingSplitting (GMS) algorithm, uses Gaussian splitting to uniformly distribute the Gaussians in acoustic space, and merging so as to compute only those Gaussians that have enough data for robust estimation. We show that this method is more robust than our previous training technique. The second approach, called tied-transform HMMs, uses maximum-likelihood transformation-based acoustic adaptation algorithms to transform a small HMM to a much larger HMM. Since the transforms are shared or tied among Gaussians in the larger HMM, robust estimation is achieved. We show that this approach gives a significant improvement in recognition accuracy and a dramatic reduction in memory needed to store the models.
ORTS: A Hack-Free RTS Game Environment (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach to Real-Time-Strategy (RTS) gaming which allows human players as well as machines to compete in a hack-free environment. The main idea is to replace popular but inherently insecure client-side game simulations by a secure server-side game simulation. Only visible parts of the game state are sent to the respective clients. Client-side hacking is therefore impossible and players are free to choose any client software they please. We discuss performance issues arising from server-side simulation and present ORTS -- an open RTS game toolkit. This software package provides efficient C++ implementations for 2D object motion and collision detection, visibility computation, and incremental server-client data synchronization, as well as connectivity to the Generic Game Server (GGS). It is therefore well suited as a platform for RTS related A.I. research.
Applications of artificial intelligence in factory management (2003)

Aspects of introducing AI-based technology to the manufacturing and administrative tasks encountered on the factory floor are discussed. In particular, it is indicated that the AI program has to be linked to the factory management or control system that contains the relevant shop floor data; this is usually not a trivial task. When AI technology is introduced to a factory floor, it is perceived as new, even in a factory environment where the introduction of new processing equipment or procedures is routine. Nonroutine newness on a factory floor is received with skepticism. For illustrative purposes, scheduling is used as the main application example. Attention is given to three issues: (1) integrating the AI program with the conventional technology needed for scheduling a factory; (2) support and training for AI applications, software, and hardware in a production environment; and (3) getting over the hurdle of introducing change in a production environment and making AI acceptable to factory managers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel concept for continuous peripheral nerve blocks. Presentation of a new ultrasound‐guided device (2014)

Preliminary proof of concept of this novel method demonstrates that precise in-plane ultrasound-guided initial placement and secondary in-plane readjustment is possible in fresh cadavers. Future studies should address the clinical efficacy and usefulness of this novel concept.
Interaction of ABA block copolymers with ionic surfactants in aqueous solution (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of ABA block copolymers with ionic surfactants in aqueous solutionE. Hecht and H. HoffmannCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 1, 86–91Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00013a013https://doi.org/10.1021/la00013a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1141Altmetric-Citations220LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Interleukin-17A</i>rs2275913<i>, Interleukin-17F</i>rs763780 and rs2397084 gene polymorphisms as possible risk factors in Juvenile lupus and lupus related nephritis (2015)

The GGAGAA combined genotype and the GGA haplotype of IL-17A rs2275913, IL-17F rs763780 and rs2397084 can be considered risk factors for the development of SLE in Egyptian children. IL-17A rs2275913, IL-17F rs763780 and rs2397084 are not related to the LN development, SLE disease activity or overall survival.
A Standard Strain of Human Ocular Keratocytes (1998)

The ability of an injured cornea to regenerate from deep tissue trauma is largely due to wound healing processes mediated by the surviving stromal keratocytes. Despite the importance of the wound healing process, and the ease with which keratocytes can be grown in tissue culture, a standardised strain of the cells has never been made available. Accordingly, this study reports a strain of human embryonic keratocytes, designated EK1.BR as a research tool for the ophthalmic community. EK1.BR has been characterised with respect to life-span, fraction of dividing cells and maintenance of a keratocyte phenotype in culture. It is hoped that these cells will prove useful in the in vitro study of stromal wound healing and the characterisation of keratocyte gene expression.
Dense Liquid Precursor for the Nucleation of Ordered Solid Phases from Solution (2004)

A line of recent theories and simulations have suggested that the nucleation of protein crystals might, under certain conditions, proceed in two steps: the formation of a droplet of a dense liquid, metastable with respect to the crystalline state, followed by ordering within this droplet to produce a crystal. In this review, I discuss experimental tests of the applicability of this mechanism to the nucleation of ordered solid phases: crystals or linear, planar, branched, or otherwise ordered aggregates of proteins and small molecule materials from solution. The main arguments stem from recent results on the kinetics of homogeneous nucleation of crystals of the protein lysozyme. These results indicate that under a very broad range of conditions the nucleation of lysozyme crystals occurs via a modification of the theoretically postulated mechanismas a superposition of fluctuations along the order parameters density and structure. Depending on whether the system is above or below its liquid−liquid coexistence line, a density fluctuation may never or may selectively lead to the formation of a dense liquid droplet; in the former case, the high-density region, the “quasi-droplet”, is metastable also with respect to the dilute solution. In both cases, the molecules contained in the high-density region may attain an ordered arrangement, i.e., a structure fluctuation is superimposed on the density fluctuation and a crystalline nucleus is obtained. This outlook on the nucleation of ordered solids from dilute phases suggests that the rate of nucleation can be controlled either by shifting the phase region of the dense liquid phase, or by facilitating the structure fluctuations within a dense liquid droplet or quasi-droplet. Results from the literature indicate that the proposed two-step nucleation mechanism and the related tools for nucleation control may be applicable to the formation of crystalline and noncrystalline ordered solid phases of other, protein and nonprotein materials, from solution.
All-Optical Patterning of Au Nanoparticles on Surfaces Using Optical Traps (2010)

The fabrication of nanoscale devices would be greatly enhanced by "nanomanipulators" that can position single and few objects rapidly with nanometer precision and without mechanical damage. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and precision of an optical laser tweezer, or optical trap, approach to place single gold (Au) nanoparticles on surfaces with high precision (approximately 100 nm standard deviation). The error in the deposition process is rather small but is determined to be larger than the thermal fluctuations of single nanoparticles within the optical trap. Furthermore, areas of tens of square micrometers could be patterned in a matter of minutes. Since the method does not rely on lithography, scanning probes or a specialized surface, it is versatile and compatible with a variety of systems. We discuss active feedback methods to improve positioning accuracy and the potential for multiplexing and automation.
Integrated LC-tuned VCO in BiCMOS process (2001)

Fully integrated LC-tuned VCO in BiCMOS process has been studied for a current consumption point of view, in this work. Both Bipolar VCO and CMOS VCO were designed optimally in same chip to compare the performance. The power consumption of BJT VCO and CMOS VCO were 5.9 mA and 3.9 mA, respectively, for 560 MHz VCO, in spite of a trans-conductance of MOSFET is lower than BJT's one. This is because of CMOS VCO has large oscillation amplitude even in low Q resonator due to high linearity. Both VCO were compared simulation and measurement using 0.6 µm BiCMOS process.
Polarimetric Dense Monocular SLAM (2018)

This paper presents a novel polarimetric dense monocular SLAM (PDMS) algorithm based on a polarization camera. The algorithm exploits both photometric and polarimetric light information to produce more accurate and complete geometry. The polarimetric information allows us to recover the azimuth angle of surface normals from each video frame to facilitate dense reconstruction, especially at textureless or specular regions. There are two challenges in our approach: 1) surface azimuth angles from the polarization camera are very noisy; and 2) we need a near real-time solution for SLAM. Previous successful methods on polarimetric multi-view stereo are offline and require manually pre-segmented object masks to suppress the effects of erroneous angle information along boundaries. Our fully automatic approach efficiently iterates azimuth-based depth propagations, two-view depth consistency check, and depth optimization to produce a depthmap in real-time, where all the algorithmic steps are carefully designed to enable a GPU implementation. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to propose a photometric and polarimetric method for dense SLAM. We have qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated our algorithm against a few of competing methods, demonstrating the superior performance on various indoor and outdoor scenes.
A Convenient Synthesis of Benzo[<i>g</i>]pyrrolo[3,2-<i>c</i>]quinoline-6,11-diones (2005)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Proposal for Electric Power Generation by Using X-Rays and Gamma Rays (2011)

To determine the feasibility of generating electric power from X-rays and gamma rays emitted by nuclear waste, an electric power generation module was first designed and tested with a diagnostic X-ray tube. This module consisted of an ultrahigh-speed and extremely thick intensifying screen and an amorphous silicon photovoltaic cell. Then, the circuit current and the load voltage induced by X-rays were simultaneously measured by a variable-load method. A maximum power of 2.7mW was obtained at a tube voltage of 120 kV, a tube current of 400 mA, and an irradiation time of 0.2 s with a distance of 0.33m between the focal point of the X-ray tube and the power generation module. An analysis of the absorbed energy determined that the efficiency of energy conversion was 1.4%. Next, these results were extrapolated in order to determine the amount of power generated for a case in which the radioactive source is either spent nuclear fuel or high-level waste. Such a system can continuously generate 38W of electric power. The potential of this new method that enables electricity generation by X-rays and gamma rays is significant considering the vast amounts of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste in storage around the world.