gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical characteristics of a ruthenium(II) complex immobilized in a silicone rubber film for oxygen measurement (1993)

The optical characteristics of tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) perchlorate immobilized in a silicone rubber film were studied for its application to the measurement of oxygen. The luminescence intensity and the degree of quenching of the ruthenium complex by oxygen were shown to be affected by the concentration of the complex in the silicone rubber film. The optimum concentration was found to be about 0.2 mmol dm–3. At this concentration, the silicone rubber film containing the immobilized ruthenium complex emits the highest luminescence intensity and is able to undergo a high degree of quenching of the luminescence by oxygen. The quenching curves for 20 samples containing various concentrations of the ruthenium complex were correlated with high accuracy by using a modified form of the Stern–Volmer equation. The film preparation procedure and the solvent used were found to be critical for performance. The effect of the film thickness on the luminescence intensity and the dynamic response was also studied.
Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus Protease Dimerization by Analytical Centrifugation (1996)

Human cytomegalovirus, a member of the herpesvirus family, encodes a maturational protease required for processing of the assembly protein and virus replication. The protease is synthesized as a precursor protein that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage to yield a mature, 28-kDa enzyme. It has recently been demonstrated that mature human cytomegalovirus protease is capable of dimerization and that the dimer is the active species [Darke, P. L., Cole, J. L., Waxman, L., Hall, D. L., Sardana, M. K., & Kuo, L. C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7445-7449; Margosiak, S. A., Vanderpool, D. L., Sisson, W., Pinko, C., & Kan, C.-C. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 5300-5307]. Here, analytical equilibrium and velocity sedimentation measurements were used to define the thermodynamics of protease dimerization. Protease dimerization is well described by a homogeneous, reversible mass-action equilibrium. The apparent molecular weight of the protease decreases at higher protein concentrations, and good global fits to sedimentation equilibrium data require a positive value of the second virial coefficient, indicating that the protein exhibits thermodynamic nonideality. The magnitude of the nonideality is higher than expected on the basis of excluded volume and electrostatic effects and is not very sensitive to salt concentration, as would be expected for electrostatic effects. The dimer dissociation constants are in agreement with the values we previously determined by activity measurements and hydrodynamic techniques. Dimerization is enhanced by addition of glycerol or NaCl. The temperature dependence of the dimerization constant indicates that both delta H degree and delta S degree are negative, which is commonly observed in protein self-association reactions.
Survey of Nearest Neighbor Techniques (2010)

The nearest neighbor (NN) technique is very simple, highly efficient and effective in the field of pattern recognition, text categorization, object recognition etc. Its simplicity is its main advantage, but the disadvantages can't be ignored even. The memory requirement and computation complexity also matter. Many techniques are developed to overcome these limitations. NN techniques are broadly classified into structure less and structure based techniques. In this paper, we present the survey of such techniques. Weighted kNN, Model based kNN, Condensed NN, Reduced NN, Generalized NN are structure less techniques whereas k-d tree, ball tree, Principal Axis Tree, Nearest Feature Line, Tunable NN, Orthogonal Search Tree are structure based algorithms developed on the basis of kNN. The structure less method overcome memory limitation and structure based techniques reduce the computational complexity.
A supervised learning based semantic location extraction method using mobile phone data (2012)

Various kinds of location-aware computing and applications are proliferating rapidly nowadays, which makes the location the most critical ingredient. However, on one hand, one location represented as the semantic meaning like “home” is more understandable than conveying the absolute physical coordinate; on the other hand, detected wireless data is a series of random sequence and the formed training vector has not equal-length feature, which may heavily leads to unstable accuracy of location extraction model because of varying human and environment factors. To robustly discover the user's semantic locations in dynamic wireless environment, we propose a novel Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based Location Extraction algorithm called HLE, which adopts a supervised learning based method for extracting user's daily significant semantic locations using mobile phone data. We carry out the HLE algorithm on realistic wireless signal data, experimental results show that the proposed method is reasonable and effective for semantic location extraction in the real-world application.
Population Pharmacokinetics II: Estimation Methods (2004)

PPK estimation methods that rely on the characterizing of mixed (fixed and random) effects are known to produce PPK parameter estimates that are less biased than those obtained using the naive and standard two-stage approaches. The NONMEM software is the most widely used software for the characterization of PPK.
Fast vector quantisation using cache codebook (1992)

A vector quantiser is described in which the best representative of the input vector is searched for among the most recently used codewords, and is stored in a cache codebook. More than 60% reduction of the coding time can be achieved with less than 1% decrease of SNR.
Improvement of one quantum encryption scheme (2010)

Based on quantum computation, Zhou et al proposed a quantum encryption scheme in 2006. Each qubit of the ciphertext is constrained to two pairs of conjugate states. So its implementation is feasible with the existing technology. But it is inefficient since it entails six key bits to encrypt one message bit, and the resulting ciphertext for one message bit consists of three qubits. In addition, its security can not be directly reduced to the well-known BB84 protocol. In this paper, we revisit it using the technique developed in BB84 protocol. The new scheme entails only two key bits to encrypt one message bit. The resulting ciphertext is just composed of two qubits. It saves about a half cost without the loss of security. Moreover, the encryption scheme is probabilistic other than deterministic.
A variation on Luzzati's soap phases. Room temperature thermotropic liquid crystals (2004)

Remarkable room-temperature liquid crystallinity is observed for a wide range of metal soaps. Incorporation of saturated, mid-chain mono-methyl branched C17 fatty acid (mid-chain branched fatty acid) into metal soaps lowers the liquid crystalline transition to below room temperature. Soaps of Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ag, Cd, La, Ce, Tb and Lu are synthesized and characterized via XRD, FTIR, DSC, optical microscopy, density determinations and other physical methods. The main room temperature mesophase identified in the soaps here is a liquid crystalline hexagonal columnar phase, first described by Luzzati et al. A comparative analysis of the branched soaps with their saturated, linear analogues is given. Implications for room temperature columnar soap structure is discussed in terms of the various physical parameters found for these soaps.
Elderly Men Have Low Levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Inhibin B, but with High Interpersonal Variation: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Sertoli Cell Hormones in 615 Community-Dwelling Men (2013)

The Sertoli cells of the testes secrete anti-Müllerian hormone (Müllerian inhibiting Substance, AMH) and inhibin B (InhB). AMH triggers the degeneration of the uterine precursor in male embryos, whereas InhB is part of the gonadal-pituitary axis for the regulation of sperm production in adults. However, both hormones are also putative regulators of homeostasis, and age-related changes in these hormones may therefore be important to the health status of elderly men. The levels of AMH in elderly men are unknown, with limited information being available about age-related changes in InhB. We have therefore used ELISAs to measure Sertoli cell hormone levels in 3 cohorts of community-dwelling men in New Zealand. In total, 615 men were examined, 493 of which were aged 65 or older. Serum AMH and InhB levels inversely correlated with age in men older than 50 years (p<0.001) but not in the younger men. A minority of elderly men had undetectable levels of AMH and InhB. The variation in hormone levels between similarly aged men increased with the age of men. AMH and InhB partially correlated with each other as expected (r = 0.48, p<0.001). However, the ratio of the two Sertoli hormones varied significantly between men, with this variation increasing with age. Elderly men selected for the absence of cardiovascular disease had AMH levels similar to those of young men whereas their InhB levels did not differ from aged-matched controls. These data suggests that Sertoli cell number and function changes with age, but with the extent and nature of the changes varying between men.
Keyword extraction based on tf/idf for Chinese news document (2007)

Keyword extraction is an important research topic of information retrieval. This paper gave the specification of keywords in Chinese news documents based on analyzing linguistic characteristics of news documents and then proposed a new keyword extraction method based on tf/idf with multi-strategies. The approach selected candidate keywords of uni-, bi-and tri- grams, and then defines the features according to their morphological characters and context information. Moreover, the paper proposed several strategies to amend the incomplete words gotten from the word segmentation and found unknown potential keywords in news documents. Experimental results show that our proposed method can significantly outperform the baseline method. We also applied it to retrospective event detection. Experimental results show that the accuracy and efficiency of news retrospective event detection can be significantly improved.
Development of Carbon/Carbon Composites with Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcement and Chemical Vapor Infiltration Carbon as Matrix (2009)

Carbon nanotubes based carbon/carbon composites were prepared by infiltration of purified ACNTs film with pyrolytic carbon. Densification was performed by filling the space between the CNTs through by deposition of the pyrocarbon on the nanotubes surface. It comprised of (i) Synthesis and purification of aligned carbon nanotubes films by CCVD process and (ii) Infiltration of CNTs film by pyrocarbon using CVI method at 950 degrees C. SEM studies showed that the film was well infiltrated using methane. The density of film increased to 1.4 gm/cm3 from 0.4 gm/cm3 of as purified ACNTs film. The I(D)/I(G) ratio for CNTs film is 0.67 and 0.80 for the CVI deposited pyrocarbon. The lower I(D)/I(G) ratio from Raman microscopy shows fine graphitic nature of carbon nanotubes and nanocomposites films.
Determination of the Whiteside line on femur surface models by fitting high-order polynomial functions to cross-section profiles of the intercondylar fossa (2011)

Innovative methods for morphological and functional analysis of bones have become a primary objective in the development of planning systems for total knee replacement (TKR). These methods involve the interactive identification of clinical landmarks (reference points, distances, angles, and functional axes of movement) and the determination of the optimal implant size and positioning. Among the functional axes used to estimate the correct alignment of the femoral component, the Whiteside line, namely, the anterior-posterior (AP) direction, is one of the most common. In this paper, we present a computational framework that allows automatic identification of the Whiteside line. The approach is based on geometric analysis of the saddle shape of the intercondylar fossa to extract the principal line in the AP direction. A plane parallel to the frontal plane is moved in the AP direction to obtain the 2D profiles of the intercondylar fossa. Each profile is fitted to a fifth-order polynomial curve and its maximum curvature point computed. The point set collected across all the profiles is then processed to compute the principal direction. The 2D profile-fitting and 3D line-fitting residual errors were analyzed to study the relationship between the intercondylar fossa aspect and the nominal saddle surface. The method was validated using femur specimens from elderly subjects reconstructed from CT scans. The repeatability of the method was evaluated across five different femur surface resolutions. For comparison, three expert orthopaedic surgeons identified, by virtual palpation, the Whiteside line on the same 3D femur models. The repeatability (median angular error) of the Whiteside lines computed by the automated method and by manual virtual palpation, was approximately 1.0° and 3.5°, respectively. The angular skew error between the two axes, measured on the axial plane, averaged approximately 4.00° (SD: 2.64°) with no statistical difference. The automated method therefore proved more reproducible and was in agreement with the manual method. We conclude that operator-independent methods, such the one presented in this paper, can be favorably introduced into orthopaedic surgical planning systems.
Inverse und schlecht gestellte Probleme (1989)

Inverse Probleme treten bei der Bestimmung der ein System beschreibenden Parame ter aus Beobachtungen des Systems auf. Ein Beispiel hierfiir ist die Identifizierung einer Black Box aus Input und Output. 1st der Input die Intensitiit eines ROntgenstrah les und der Output die Intensitiit des Strahles nach Durchlaufen eines Korpers, so ka. nn man aus vielen Strahlen, etwa einer halben Million, in der Computer - Tomographie die Dichte des durchlaufenen Korpergewebes berechnen. Von der physikalischen Annahme hiingt das mathematische Modell, also die zu behandelnde Gleichung, abo All diesen inver sen Problemen gemein ist, daB die Daten wegen der unvermeidbaren MeBfehler nie exakt gegeben sind. Leider auch gemein ist diesen Problemen, daB die Datenfehler in der LOsung verstiirkt werden. Die von Hadamard eingefiihrte Bezeichnung schlecht gestellte Pro bleme ist irrefiihrend, die mathematische Beschreibung eines realen inversen Problems spiegelt natiirlich auch die praktisch vorhandene Instabilitiit wider. Die reizvolle Aufgabe ist nun, eine Niiherungslosung, moglicherweise unter Zuhilfe nahme zusiitzlicher Information, so zu bestimmen, daB die Datenfehler sich nicht iiber ein unvermeidbares MaB hinaus verstiirken. Das Titelbild zeigt eine glatte Kurve, wel che die exakte LOsung eines ungestorten schlecht gestellten Problems darstellt. Die wild oszillierende Funktion ergibt sich bei ( fast ) naiver LOsung ohne Beriicksichtigung der Schlechtgestelltheit. Abbildung 5. 1. 1 zeigt die wirklich naive Losung, die keine erkennbare Darstellung der anderen Funktionen bei gleichem MaBstab gestattet.
Leveraging Emerging Technology for Hardware Security - Case Study on Silicon Nanowire FETs and Graphene SymFETs (2014)

Hardware security concerns such as IP piracy and hardware Trojans have triggered research into circuit protection and malicious logic detection from various design perspectives. In this paper, emerging technologies are investigated by leveraging their unique properties for applications in the hardware security domain. Three example circuit structures including camouflaging gates, polymorphic gates and power regulators are designed to prove the high efficiency of silicon nanowire FETs and graphene Sym FET in applications such as circuit protection and IP piracy prevention. Simulation results indicate that highly efficient and secure circuit structures can be achieved via the use of emerging technologies.
Thrombin binding to thrombasthenic platelets. (1978)

A microrubbing (µ-rubbing) technique to create multidomain alignment in liquid crystal displays was discussed. It was found that a small metallic sphere under sufficient load was used to directly rub a polyimide alignment layer. A 47 µm linewidth and a 10° pretilt with respect to the substrate plane were demonstrated. The electro-optic performance and viewing angle characteristics of four domain samples were also elaborated.
Effectiveness of Low-Temperature Thermionic Converters for Topping the Rankine Cycle (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In connection with the desire to lower electrical power losses inside the Thermionic Converter (TIC) two points are discussed:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">How to prevent the touching of electrodes in small gap diodes</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">How to lower the price of Cs<sup>+</sup> ions in triode constrcution of TIC instead of a diode.</div> </li> </ol> </div>
Targeted disruption of <i>Pax1</i> defines its null phenotype and proves haploinsufficiency (1998)

The murine paired box-containing gene Pax1 is required for normal development of the vertebral column, the sternum, and the scapula. Previous studies have shown that three natural Pax1 mouse mutants, the undulated alleles, exhibit phenotypes of different severity in these skeletal elements. Nevertheless, these analyses have not clarified whether the semidominant Undulated short-tail (Uns) mutation, in which the complete Pax1 locus is deleted, represents a null allele. Moreover, the analyses of the classical undulated mutants did not allow a conclusion with respect to haploinsufficiency of Pax1. To address both questions we have created a Pax1 null allele in mice by gene targeting. Surprisingly, the phenotype of this defined mutation exhibits clear differences to that of Uns. This result strongly indicates the contribution of additional gene(s) to the Uns mutant phenotype. Furthermore, the phenotype of mice heterozygous for the null allele demonstrates that Pax1 is haploinsufficient in some though not all skeletal elements which express Pax1 during embryonic development.
Highly conductive and transparent amorphous tin oxide (1983)

The physical properties of chemically sprayed tin oxide films have been investigated. The optical and transport behavior of both amorphous and polycrystalline material depends on the reaction temperature. Amorphous films deposited at very low temperatures (Ts=220 °C) possess a conductivity as high as that of the polycrystalline layers. Hall effect measurements and compositional analyses of those amorphous films show that nonintentional chlorine doping is responsible for the increased conductivity. Optical transmission in the visible region of the spectrum is almost as good in amorphous as in polycrystalline material. An antireflecting coating of amorphous tin oxide with an optical gain of 40% has been achieved on silicon wafers. Furthermore, film thickness homogeneity broadens the field of application to various optoelectronic devices.
HapTip: Displaying Haptic Shear Forces at the Fingertips for Multi-Finger Interaction in Virtual Environments (2016)

The fingertips are one of the most important and sensitive parts of our body. They are the first stimulated areas of the hand when we interact with our environment. Providing haptic feedback to the fingertips in virtual reality could thus drastically improve perception and interaction with virtual environments. In this paper, we present a modular approach called HapTip to display such haptic sensations at the level of the fingertips. This approach relies on a wearable and compact haptic device able to simulate 2 Degree of Freedom (DoF) shear forces on the fingertip with a displacement range of +/- 2 mm. Several modules can be added and used jointly in order to address multi-finger and/or bimanual scenarios in virtual environments. For that purpose, we introduce several haptic rendering techniques to cover different cases of 3D interaction such as touching a rough virtual surface, or feeling the inertia or weight of a virtual object. In order to illustrate the possibilities offered by HapTip, we provide four use cases focused on touching or grasping virtual objects. To validate the efficiency of our approach, we also conducted experiments to assess the tactile perception obtained with HapTip. Our results show that participants can successfully discriminate the directions of the 2 DoF stimulation of our haptic device. We found also that participants could well perceive different weights of virtual objects simulated using two HapTip devices. We believe that HapTip could be used in numerous applications in virtual reality for which 3D manipulation and tactile sensations are often crucial, such as in virtual prototyping or virtual training.
Tactile Memory in Sighted and Blind Observers: The Influence of Orientation and Rate of Presentation (1989)

Sighted, early blind, and late blind subjects attempted to identify numerals or number sequences printed on their palms. The numerals were either upright, or inverted, or rotated perpendicular to the arm axis. Stimulus rotation degraded recognition in the early blind subjects, suggesting the influence of experience with visual frames of reference. Slower rates of presentation with upright number sequences improved recall in both sighted and blind observers. An experiment on tactual-visual braille recognition in the sighted observers showed that tilt degraded pattern identification, but visual guidance of the fingertip and ballpoint minimized this loss. A further experiment was performed to distinguish between visual imagery and visual frame of reference explanations of the visual guidance effect on recognition of rotated braille. Subjects explored upright or tilted braille characters while viewing only a light emitting diode on the exploratory fingertip. Sight of scanning movements did not aid pattern recognition with tilt. The results indicate that the benefits of visual guidance on recognition of tilted patterns were probably due to frame of reference information. It is concluded that spatial reference information may aid tactile memory in the sighted and late blind, since the early blind performed at a lower level in the retention task. It is proposed that visual imagery may only explain the superiority of the sighted and late blind when familiar stimuli are studied.
Basics of Imaging Informatics: Part 2 (2007)

Part 1 of this review on the basics of imaging informatics discussed the elements that make up a picture archiving and communication system (PACS), as well as some of the useful software that can be used to enhance PACS performance. Part 2 will focus on the impact of informatics in the radiology reading room and on recent technologies that may be unfamiliar to residents and practicing radiologists outside the informatics community.
Detection of score changes in sport videos using textual overlays (2011)

Abstract- Sport videos are very popular content among consumers. Many of such videos include overlaid textual data about the game, such as score or player names. But, when the video is viewed on a small screen textual information becomes illegible. In this work we propose a fully automatic system for detecting changes in overlaid textual information, such as the game score. Our system detects text in the video and then marks the spatial and temporal coordinates of where the changes that have occurred in the text. This enables us to make text legible on a small screen by displaying an enlarged score box at the time of score change events. The proposed method was tested on a dataset of different sport videos, collected from YouTube. It achieves good results in terms of accurate spatial score box localization and accurate temporal score-change detection. I.