gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of As-Sintered P/M Connecting Rod for Automobiles (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many efforts have been made recently in developing P/M connecting rod. As a result, some P/M forged connecting rods were put into practical usage. However, P/M forging process has a disadvantage in manufacturing insofar as; cost saving is concerned. The purpose of the present study is to develop as-sintered connecting rods for automobiles. As-sintered connecting rod was developed by the combination of a choice of high strength powder and an optimization of rod shape. Shape of connecting rod for as-sintered material was evaluated by Finite Element Method and rectangular beam with hollow was found to be suitable for powder material. Low alloy steel powder of 4100s which was manufactured by oil-atomized process was selected because of its high strength and good compressibility.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Newly designed connecting rod was developed by the process of mixing the 4100s steel powder with graphite, compacting, sintering and machining, then the axial fatigue test was conducted. It was found that as-sintered connecting rod has the sufficient fatigue strength.</div>
A High‐Capacity Cathode for Lithium Batteries Consisting of Porous Microspheres of Highly Amorphized Iron Fluoride Densified from Its Open Parent Phase (2012)

Abstract An FeF 3 cathode with very high reversible capacity, exceeding 200 mAh g −1 , is achieved by amorphizing of FeF 3 . The amorphization is achieved by densifying the open structure phase along with the removal of channel H 2 O at 0 °C in BmimBF 4 . This process is accompanied by a voltage increase of 200 mV. The generation of a hierarchical electron/ion wiring network, enabled by the interaction of ionic liquid with carbon nanotube and FeF 3 surfaces, significantly improves the reversibility.
Facile resolution of alpha-fetoproteins and serum albumins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. (1987)

We have explored immobilized metal affinity chromatography as a means of resolving alpha-fetoprotein from its homologous albumin, a problem perennially encountered in the purification of an alpha-fetoprotein or its detection. Human alpha-fetoprotein and human serum albumin were chromatographed on immobilized iminodiacetic acid charged with either Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+. Neither human alpha-fetoprotein nor human serum albumin displayed any affinity for Co2+ and Zn2+. However, both proteins were bound to Cu2+ and were partially resolved by affinity elution with imidazole. By contrast, human alpha-fetoprotein and human serum albumin were completely resolved on immobilized Ni2+. Similar results were obtained using bovine alpha-fetoprotein and bovine serum albumin. The resolution of an alpha-fetoprotein from serum albumin should aid the purification of alpha-fetoprotein from a biological fluid containing overwhelming quantities of albumin, for example, serum. Importantly, the separation of human alpha-fetoprotein from human serum albumin may improve and help maintain the accuracy of immunoassays for alpha-fetoprotein, making the chromatography on immobilized Ni2+ a valuable diagnostic tool.
First results on quiet and magnetic granulation from SOUP (1987)

The flight of Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter (SOUP) on Spacelab 2 allowed the collection of time sequences of diffraction limited (0.5 arc sec) granulation images with excellent pointing (0.003 arc sec) and completely free of the distortion that plagues groundbased images. The p-mode oscillations are clearly seen in the data. Using Fourier transforms in the temporal and spatial domain, it was shown that the p-modes dominate the autocorrelation lifetime in magnetic regions. When these oscillations are removed the autocorrelation lifetime is found to be 500 sec in quiet and 950 sec in magnetic regions. In quiet areas exploding granules are seen to be common. It is speculated that a significant fraction of granule lifetimes are terminated by nearby explosions. Using local correlation tracking techniques it was able to measure horizontal displacements, and thus transverse velocities, in the magnetic field. In quiet sun it is possible to detect both super and mesogranulation. Horizontal velocities are as great as 1000 m/s and the average velocity is 400 m/s. In magnetic regions horizontal velocities are much less, about 100 m/s.
EPA Plans More Flexible Guidelines To Assess Cancer Risk from Chemicals (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEPA Plans More Flexible Guidelines To Assess Cancer Risk from Chemicals▪ Revised guidelines will utilize new knowledge of molecular biology of cancer and mechanisms of cell metabolismDAVID HANSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 51, 13–14Publication Date (Print):December 21, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 21 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n051.p013https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n051.p013newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cancer Get e-Alerts
Short Range Gigabit Wireless Communications Systems: Potentials, Challenges and Techniques (2007)

In this paper, we discuss multi-gigabits per second wireless networks in the 60GHz millimeter wave frequency band. Despite the large unlicensed bandwidth offered by the 60GHz frequency band, severe technical challenges exist towards making multi-Gbps a reality. We discuss the challenges in three different layers: PHY, MAC and the application layers. We also discuss some important technologies in overcoming these challenges, including antenna array beamforming, baseband modulation, data aggregation. The worldwide 60GHz regulatory and the ongoing standardization efforts are reviewed as well.
Lentiviral Vectors: Preparation and Use (2003)

Lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), are members of the Retroviridae, viruses with enveloped capsids and a plus-stranded RNA genome. Like all retroviruses, the RNA genome of lentivirus is converted to DNA by reverse transcription after infection and is subsequently stably integrated into the host cell genome. However, unlike other retroviruses, which mainly infect dividing cells, lentiviruses can infect both dividing and nondividing cells (1–3). Gene therapy viral vectors are produced by cotransfection of plasmids encoding viral envelopes, capsids, enzymes, and viral RNA. The specific tissue tropism of the lentiviral envelope restricts its use as a gene transfer vector. This limitation has been overcome by pseudotyping the viral envelope with vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) glycoprotein (4,5). The aim of this chapter is to describe the general procedures developed for the preparation and use of an HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector system. Detailed descriptions of lentiviral molecular biology can be found in several recent reviews (1,6,7).
Quanta image sensors (QIS) for low-light high speed imaging (2017)

Recent progress on the Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) is reported. A 1Mjot QIS operating at 1040 fps with 0.22e- rms read noise has been deomstrated in a 2-layer stacked backside-illuminated 65nm/45nm CMOS image sensor process.
Thermotolerance and trehalose accumulation induced by heat shock in yeast cells of Candida albicans (1997)

Candida albicans yeast cells growing exponentially on glucose are extremely sensitive to severe heat shock treatments (52.5°C for 5 min). When these cultures were subjected to a mild temperature preincubation (42°C), they became thermotolerant and displayed higher resistance to further heat stress. The intracellular content of trehalose was very low in exponential cells, but underwent a marked increase upon non-lethal heat exposure. The accumulation of trehalose is likely due to heat-induced activation of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase complex, whereas the external trehalase remained practically unmodified. After a temperature reversion shift (from 42°C to 28°C), the pool of trehalose was rapidly mobilized without any concomitant change in trehalase activity. These results support an important role of trehalose in the mechanism of acquired thermotolerance in C. albicans and seem to exclude the external trehalase as a key enzyme in this process.
Defective mismatch repair in extracts of colorectal and endometrial cancer cell lines exhibiting microsatellite instability. (1994)

A replication error (RER+) phenotype, characterized by somatic instability in simple repeated sequences, is associated with several types of cancer. To determine if a defect in DNA replication fidelity or repair of replication errors might explain this instability, we compared both processes in cell-free extracts from RER+ endometrial and colorectal cancer cell lines to RER- cell lines. SV40 origin-dependent replication of a microsatellite sequence is highly accurate in cell extracts regardless of their RER phenotype. However, extracts from RER+ cell lines are defective in mismatch repair, while extracts of RER- cell lines are not. Lack of repair was observed when the signal (a nick) for strand-specific repair was either 3' or 5' to the mispair. One colorectal cancer cell line contained deletions in both alleles of the putative mismatch repair gene hMSH2, and one endometrial cancer cell line contained a 4-base pair duplication in one hMSH2 allele. No hMSH2 mutation was detected in the other allele or in the other five RER+ cell lines. Repair was readily detected when each of the defective extracts was mixed with a repair-proficient extract, demonstrating that no trans-acting inhibitor is present. Attempts to complement the repair deficiencies by mixing two different defective extracts identified three combinations that restored repair. The data suggest that: (i) defective repair is associated with colorectal and endometrial cancer and, by extrapolation, with other types of cancer; (ii) mutations in the hMSH2 gene, and possibly other genes, result in defective mismatch repair; (iii) the defect(s) in these lines likely involves pre-incision events or the excision step, but not the incision, polymerization, or ligation steps; and (iv) at least four functional complementation groups for mismatch repair may be involved in human cancer.
Camouflage treatment for class II div 2 malocclusions - A case report (2012)

Attaining dentoalveolar compensations to camouflage the underlying skeletal malocclusion in non-growing patients with antero-posterior and vertical skeletal dysplasia can be a challenge. The task becomes very daunting especially in patients with skeletal deep bite with retroclined upper incisors.One such case which is treated to correct the axial inclination of upper and lower incisors and produce optimal dentoalveolar relationship with the help of a fixed functional device is illustrated in this case report.
Synthetic viability genomic screening defines Sae2 function in DNA repair (2015)

DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR) requires 3' single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) generation by 5' DNA-end resection. During meiosis, yeast Sae2 cooperates with the nuclease Mre11 to remove covalently bound Spo11 from DSB termini, allowing resection and HR to ensue. Mitotic roles of Sae2 and Mre11 nuclease have remained enigmatic, however, since cells lacking these display modest resection defects but marked DNA damage hypersensitivities. By combining classic genetic suppressor screening with high-throughput DNA sequencing, we identify Mre11 mutations that strongly suppress DNA damage sensitivities of sae2∆ cells. By assessing the impacts of these mutations at the cellular, biochemical and structural levels, we propose that, in addition to promoting resection, a crucial role for Sae2 and Mre11 nuclease activity in mitotic DSB repair is to facilitate the removal of Mre11 from ssDNA associated with DSB ends. Thus, without Sae2 or Mre11 nuclease activity, Mre11 bound to partly processed DSBs impairs strand invasion and HR.
Free-form illumination lenses designed by a pseudo-rectangular lawnmower algorithm (2006)

In the design of illumination lenses, there is a fundamental incompatibility between the spherical geometry of light radiating outwards and the rectangular geometry of typical illumination targets, analogous to trying to fit a round peg in a square hole. This amounts to establishing a rectangular grid on the sphere, the perennial problem of map-makers. Here we apply a new pseudo-rectangular spherical grid, originally developed for parallel-processor simulations of semiconductor devices, to establish correspondence between source-grid cells and the rectangular cells of a target grid. This correspondence establishes a grid of deflections, whereby source rays are deflected so as to impact the proper cell on the target grid. For a given lens refractive index, each deflection is implemented by the angles of inclination the ray encounters going into and out of the lens, resulting in two grids of surface gradient values, for the inside and outside lens-surfaces. Central spines are obtained for these surfaces by a linear integration, after which adjacent rows are successively obtained in a lawnmower fashion, so as to heal any imcompatible cross-derivatives. Example lenses are illustrated.
Interleukin-21 Is Critically Required in Autoimmune and Allogeneic Responses to Islet Tissue in Murine Models (2011)

Neutralization of IL-21 in NOD mice can inhibit diabetes, and when paired with islet transplantation, this therapeutic approach restored normoglycemia. The influence of IL-21 on a graft-mounted immune response was robust, since the absence of IL-21 signaling prevented islet allograft rejection. These findings suggest that therapeutic manipulation of IL-21 may serve as a suitable treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes.
The Positive and the Negative Corona and Electrical Precipitation (1913)

1. Since the negative corona is much more uniformly distributed about the active electrode, and on account of its greater stability as regards sparking, the negative corona discharge is much more suitable than the positive for electrical precipitation. In the precipitation chamber described (capable of cleaning about 800 cu. ft. (22.6 cu. m.) of gas per min.) the negative corona consumes about 300 watts under the best conditions for precipitation. 2. Under similar conditions of the electrical circuit the loss due to the positive corona is slightly greater than that due to the negative corona at the same voltage. 3. For values of the electric field near the sparking potential the negative corona watt loss curve is flatter than the curve for the positive corona. 4. The positive corona loss in room air and ionized furnace gases is about the same. Increasing the air velocity affects the sparking potential and the corona loss but slightly. 5. Increasing the air velocity increases the sparking potential of a negative corona in ordinary air. The corona watt loss is considerably greater in hot ionized gas than in air. 6. The positive corona tends to go over to an oscillatory spark while the negative corona is more easily changed into an arc form of discharge. 7. Since the negative corona curve is the flatter and since larger negative corona currents can be obtained, the negative corona is much better adapted for electrical precipitation than the positive corona. 8.
Performance modeling in mapreduce environments (2011)

Unstructured data is the largest and fastest growing portion of most enterprise's assets, often representing 70% to 80% of online data. These steep increase in volume of information being produced often exceeds the capabilities of existing commercial databases. MapReduce and its open-source implementation Hadoop represent an economically compelling alternative that offers an efficient distributed computing platform for handling large volumes of data and mining petabytes of unstructured information. It is increasingly being used across the enterprise for advanced data analytics, business intelligence, and enabling new applications associated with data retention, regulatory compliance, e-discovery and litigation issues.
A Robust Method for Vehicle License Plate Recognition based on Harries Corner Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network (2016)

Automatic vehicle license plate recognition system plays an important role in Intelligent Transportation System. Even though many license plate recognition methods have been proposed in the past, further scope for improvement still exists. This paper has proposed a new approach to license plate recognition system based Harris corner detection algorithm. In this paper connected component analysis is used for character segmentation and artificial neural networks for character recognition. It is observed from the experiments that the developed system successfully identifies and recognizes the vehicle number plate under different illumination conditions and independent of orientation and scale of the plate.
Horizontal Well Acidizing of a Carbonate Formation: A Case History of Lisburne Treatments, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (1996)

Summary Stimulating horizontal wells in carbonate formations can lead to significant increases in productivity if effective fluid diversion can be achieved. Many horizontal wells are completed with slotted or pre-drilled uncemented liners throughout long producing intervals. These completions prevent effective use of conventional cased-hole diverting techniques, such as ball sealers and some particulates. Stimulation fluids can be mechanically placed or diverted with such materials as particulates, foam, and/or high-viscosity fluids. A combination of nitrogen foam and viscous emulsified acid pumped through coiled tubing (CT) has been successfully used to treat horizontal wells in the Lisburne field at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. This paper documents treating techniques and production results of acid stimulation treatments pumped in horizontal wells that are completed with slotted or predrilled uncemented liners throughout long producing intervals. Case histories of four wells are used to illustrate treatment designs and production response.
Reinforcement learning of local shape in the game of go (2007)

We explore an application to the game of Go of a reinforcement learning approach based on a linear evaluation function and large numbers of binary features. This strategy has proved effective in game playing programs and other reinforcement learning applications. We apply this strategy to Go by creating over a million features based on templates for small fragments of the board, and then use temporal difference learning and self-play. This method identifies hundreds of low level shapes with recognisable significance to expert Go players, and provides quantitive estimates of their values. We analyse the relative contributions to performance of templates of different types and sizes. Our results show that small, translation-invariant templates are surprisingly effective. We assess the performance of our program by playing against the Average Liberty Player and a variety of computer opponents on the 9x9 Computer Go Server. Our linear evaluation function appears to outperform all other static evaluation functions that do not incorporate substantial domain knowledge.
Hormonal regulation of calcium current in freshly isolated airway smooth muscle cells (1992)

Single freshly isolated smooth muscle cells of adult bovine trachea were voltage clamped, and the calcium inward current was separated from K+ currents by blocking the large outward currents with intra- and extracellular Cs+ and extracellular tetraethylammonium chloride. Isoproterenol stimulated peak calcium current (ICa) in a dose-dependent manner through the beta-adrenergic receptor. The isoproterenol effect was not mediated or caused by the stimulation of a K+ or Na+ current, a decrease in the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ or H+, the stimulation of the Na(+)-H+ or the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger. Neither basal nor isoproterenol-stimulated ICa was affected by internal dialysis of the cell with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), cAMP analogues, or the catalytic subunit of cAMP-kinase. Internal dialysis of the cells with guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP beta S) blocked the stimulation of isoproterenol whereas dialysis with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) induced an isoproterenol-like maximal increase of ICa. These results show that the beta-adrenergic receptor stimulates the L-type calcium current of isolated tracheal smooth muscle cells independent of cAMP and cAMP-kinase through a GTP/GDP regulated protein.
Assay of Procarboxypeptidase U, a Novel Determinant of the Fibrinolytic Cascade, in Human Plasma (1999)

The sensitivity and precision of the method make it suitable for routine clinical determinations and as a reference procedure.
The role of inorganic phosphate in the development of freezing tolerance and the acclimatization of photosynthesis to low temperature is revealed by the <i>pho</i> mutants of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2000)

Low temperature inhibits sucrose synthesis, leading to a phosphate-limitation of photosynthesis. We have used the Arabidopsis pho1-2 and pho2-1 mutants with decreased and increased shoot phosphate, respectively, to investigate whether low phosphate triggers cold acclimatization of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Wild-type Arabidopsis, pho1-2 and pho2-1 were grown at 23 degrees C and transferred to 5 degrees C to investigate acclimatization in pre-existing leaves and in new leaves developing at 5 degrees C. The development of frost tolerance and the accumulation of proline and sugars was unaltered or improved in pho1-2, and impaired in pho2-1. Sucrose phosphate synthase and cytoplasmic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity and protein increase after transfer to 5 degrees C. This increase was accentuated in pho1-2 and attenuated in pho2-1. RBCS and LHCB2 transcript levels decrease in pre-formed wild-type leaves after transfer to 5 degrees C and recover in new leaves that develop at 5 degrees C. The initial decrease was attenuated in pho1-2, and accentuated in pho2-1, where the recovery in new leaves was also suppressed. Rubisco activity increased in wild-type leaves that developed at 5 degrees C. This increase was accentuated in pho1-2 and absent in pho2-1. NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and aldolase activity increase relative to phosphoglycerate kinase, transketolase and phosphoribulokinase in wild-type leaves at 5 degrees C. This shift was accentuated in pho1-2 and reversed in pho2-1. Transcript levels for COR genes increase transiently 1 day after transfer to 5 degrees C but were very low in leaves that developed at 5 degrees C in wild-type Arabidopsis, pho1-2 and pho2-1. We conclude that low phosphate plays an important role in triggering cold acclimatization of leaves, leading in particular to an increase of Rubisco expression, changes in other Calvin cycle enzymes to minimize sequestration of phosphate in metabolites, and increased expression of sucrose biosynthesis enzymes.