gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of green fluorescent protein for detection of cell-specific gene expression and subcellular protein localization during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis (1996)

Wild-type and mutant forms of the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria have been introduced into Bacillus subtilis as translational fusions to the prespore-specific and mother-cell-specific genes dacF and spoIVA. In both cases, the protein was readily detected by fluorescence microscopy, and its synthesis was correctly localized. The S65T substitution, which improves the quantum yield and rate of development of fluorescence, also produced a spectral shift that allowed the protein to be colocalized with DNA, after staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Three different translational fusions to the N-terminal region of GFP all produced active protein. Moreover, a full-length SpoIVA-GFP fusion showed proper targeting to the surface of the spore, albeit at low temperature and in the presence of wild-type SpoIVA protein. A mutation in the gfp gene which changes the light emitted by the protein from green to blue was found not to be useful because of the intrinsic autofluorescence of B. subtilis in the blue part of the spectrum.
A retrospective analysis of 153 patients treated with or without intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for primary stage T1 grade 3 bladder cancer: recurrence, progression and survival. (2003)

Our results suggest that intravesical BCG therapy after transurethral bladder resection for stage T1 grade 3 bladder cancer may delay the time to recurrence and cystectomy but it does not substantially alter the final outcome. Our findings reflect the rule of 30% for stage T1 grade 3 cancer, namely approximately 30% of patients never have recurrence, 30% ultimately die of metastatic disease and 30% require deferred cystectomy.
The increased expression of Y box‐binding protein 1 in melanoma stimulates proliferation and tumor invasion, antagonizes apoptosis and enhances chemoresistance (2007)

In previous studies we identified the transcription/translation factor Y-box-binding protein (YB-1) as a gene that is upregulated in primary melanoma and melanoma metastases when compared to benign melanocytic nevi. To analyze whether YB-1 expression correlates with melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo, we performed expression analysis on melanoma cell lines representing different stages of melanoma progression and on tissues of melanocytic nevi, primary melanoma and melanoma metastases. Our data indicate that compared to benign melanocytes YB-1 expression is increased in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo and that YB-1 is translocated into the nucleus in invasive and metastatic melanoma cells. To reveal the functional role of YB-1 in melanoma progression we achieved a stable downregulation of YB-1 using shRNA in metastatic melanoma cells. Interestingly, YB-1 downregulation resulted in a pronounced reduced rate of proliferation and an increased rate of apoptotic cell death. In addition, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in monolayer and in a three-dimensional skin reconstruct in vitro was significantly reduced. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of genes involved in proliferation, survival and migration/invasion of melanoma cells such as MMP-2, bcl-2, Cyclin D1, p53 and p16INK4A. Furthermore, melanoma cells with a reduced YB-1 expression showed a decreased resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and etoposide. These data suggest that YB-1 is involved in malignant transformation of melanocytes and contributes to the stimulation of proliferation, tumor invasion, survival and chemoresistance. Thus, YB-1 may be a promising molecular target in melanoma therapy.
Efficient motion estimation algorithm based on structure segmentation and compensability analysis (1998)

We report our study of a novel motion estimation algorithm based on structure segmentation and compensability analysis, where the macroblocks in the prediction frames are classified into four types corresponding to stationary background (or stationary objects), uncovered background (or new objects), moving objects, and edges among them. Then the following motion estimation operation is only performed on the compensable macroblocks, and the motion interaction among neighboring macroblocks is further used for reducing the search range. Preliminary results indicate that this proposed technique not only reduces the estimation burden drastically but also avoids the discontinuous change of picture quality, thus resulting in improvements of the subjective picture quality in comparison with a normal fast search algorithm.
Metastable Frenkel Pair Defect in Graphite: Source of Wigner Energy? (2003)

The atomic processes associated with energy storage and release in irradiated graphite have long been subject to untested speculation. We examine structures and recombination routes for interstitial-vacancy (I-V) pairs in graphite. Interaction results in the formation of a new metastable defect (an intimate I-V pair) or a Stone-Wales defect. The intimate I-V pair, although 2.9 eV more stable than its isolated constituents, still has a formation energy of 10.8 eV. The barrier to recombination to perfect graphite is calculated to be 1.3 eV, consistent with the experimental first Wigner energy release peak at 1.38 eV. We expect similar defects to form in carbon nanostructures such as nanotubes, nested fullerenes, and onions under irradiation.
Role of sugar fragmentation in an early stage browning of amino-carbonyl reaction of sugar with amino acid. (1986)

Glycolaldehyde and methylglyoxal, both model compounds structurally related to potential C2 and C3 sugar fragments, showed extremely high reaction rates in browning with β-alanine compared to the usual reducing sugars and even to such active intermediate products of aminocarbonyl reaction as the Amadori product and osones. Production of C2 and C3 sugar fragments in a glucose-β-alanine system was negligible in acidic conditions, but increased with pH in a manner parallel to the increase in browning and also to the N/C ratio of the melanoidins. These results indicated that the proposed new pathway of browning, involving sugar fragmentation, is very important in the initial stages of browning in the Maillard reaction of neutral or alkaline solutions.
Hydroxycinnamic Acid-derived Polymers Constitute the Polyaromatic Domain of Suberin (1995)

Suberin is an abundant, complex, intractable, plant cell wall polymeric network that forms both protective and wound-healing layers. Its function is, therefore, critical to the survival of all vascular plants. Its chemical structure and biosynthesis are poorly defined, although it is known to consist of both aromatic and aliphatic domains. While the composition of the aliphatic component has been fairly well characterized, that of the phenolic component has not. Using a combination of specific carbon-13 labeling techniques, and in situ solid state 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis, we now provide the first direct evidence for the nature of the phenolic domain of suberin and report here that it is almost exclusively comprised of a covalently linked, hydroxycinnamic acid-derived polymeric matrix.
Pyrazolo[4,3-<i>e</i>]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]pyrimidine Derivatives as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Influence of the N5 Substituent on the Affinity at the Human A<sub>3</sub> and A<sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptor Subtypes:  A Molecular Modeling Investigation (2003)

A new series of pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines bearing various substituents at both the N5-pyrimidinyl and N8-pyrazolyl positions have been synthesized, and their binding affinities at the four human adenosine receptor subtypes (hA(1), hA(2A), hA(2B), and hA(3)) have been evaluated. All the described compounds contain arylacetyl moieties at the N5 position and arylalkyl substituents at the N8 position. Surprisingly, all the compounds present their most potent affinities at the hA(2B) adenosine receptor with a range of selectivities against the other subtypes. When bulky groups are present simultaneously at the N5 and N8 positions (e.g., compound 9), the best selectivity for the hA(2B) receptor was observed (K(i)(hA(1)) = 1100 nM; K(i)(hA(2A)) = 800 nM; K(i)(hA(2B)) = 20 nM; K(i)(hA(3)) = 300 nM, K(i)(hA(1)/A(2B)) = 55, K(i)(hA(2A)/A(2B)) = 40, K(i)(hA(3)/hA(2B)) = 15). To understand the molecular significance of these results, we compared the putative TM (transmembrane) binding motif of compound 9 on both hA(2B) and hA(3) receptors. From our docking studies, compound 9 fits neatly inside the TM region of the hA(2B) receptor but not in the corresponding hA(3) region, illustrating significant differences between the two subtypes. The study herein presented permits an understanding of why the bioisosteric replacement of an -NH, present in previously reported hA(3) receptor antagonists, with a -CH(2) group at the N5 position induces such large differences in hA(2B)/hA(3) affinity. In the molecular structure of the hA(3) receptor, two residues, Ser243 (TM6) and Ser271 (TM7), create a hydrophilic region, which seems to permit a better accommodation of the phenylurea series into this putative hA(3) binding site than the phenylacetyl series.
Small-molecular blue phosphorescent dyes for organic light-emitting devices (2013)

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are on the lips of most electronic manufacturers currently. With good progress made in terms of production cost, efficiency and color output, OLEDs have found more applications recently as compared to those some years ago. Because of the possibility of obtaining long-lasting, durable and energy-efficient OLEDs, researchers devote much time and effort towards the improvement of OLED technology and development of advanced OLED products. Blue light-emitting materials, especially blue phosphorescent materials, are indispensable for full-color displays and white OLED lighting. Compared with green and red light-emitting materials and devices, the blue-emitting counterparts show a relatively inferior performance in terms of color purity, luminescence efficiency and device durability. In this perspective article, we highlight the recent progress and current challenges of blue-emitting metallophosphors based on small molecules and their applications in phosphorescent OLEDs.
THE LIMITS OF AGENDA-SETTING: THE PRESS AND POLITICAL RESPONSES TO CRIME IN THE UNITED STATES, 1950–1980 (1993)

Journal Article THE LIMITS OF AGENDA-SETTING: THE PRESS AND POLITICAL RESPONSES TO CRIME IN THE UNITED STATES, 1950–1980 Get access David Pritchard, David Pritchard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dan Berkowitz Dan Berkowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Public Opinion Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, SPRING 1993, Pages 86–91, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/5.1.86 Published: 01 March 1993
A prospective, blinded study of diagnostic esophagoscopy with a superthin, stand-alone, battery-powered esophagoscope (2003)

Unsedated esophagoscopy with a 3.1-mm, battery-powered, stand-alone esophagoscope is feasible, well tolerated, and accurate in detecting esophageal pathologies. It might be an efficient and cost-effective screening tool for the detection of columnar lined esophagus.
Design of On-Chip Readout Circuitry for Spin-Wave Devices (2016)

We present the design of readout circuitry based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) for spin-waves. The circuit provides the functionality of a high-speed oscilloscope/spectrum analyzer, and can be integrated with a spin-wave-based signal processing device. The circuit consumes sub-50 mW power and requires an area below 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A spin-wave-based processing system, when combined with the presented electrical input/output circuitry, can perform complex microwave signal processing tasks, with speed, power consumption, and area that are not feasible in a CMOS-only system.
Combined Genome-Wide Scan for Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Genes (2004)

Fine mapping studies to facilitate identification of prostate cancer susceptibility genes in these linked regions are warranted.
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions (2013)

In the U.S., a number of utilities are adopting higher penetrations of renewables, driven in part by state policies. While power systems have been designed to handle the variable nature of loads, the additional supply-side variability and uncertainty can pose new challenges for utilities and system operators. However, a variety of operational and technical solutions exist to help integrate higher penetrations of wind and solar generation. This paper explores renewable energy integration challenges and mitigation strategies that have been implemented in the U.S. and internationally, including forecasting, demand response, flexible generation, larger balancing areas or balancing area cooperation, and operational practices such as fast scheduling and dispatch.
A theoretical and experimental investigation of a deceleration probe for measurement of several properties of a droplet-laden air stream (1955)

Thesis (Sc.D.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1955.
Diverse effects of indolocarbazole compounds on the cell cycle progression of ras-transformed rat fibroblast cells. (1993)

Indolocarbazole compounds have been reported to exert antitumor activity against human and murine tumor cell lines in vitro and/or in v/vo1~13).
Neural Control of Urethral Outlet Activity in Vivo: Role of Nitric Oxide (1995)

The present study investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the reflex changes in urethral outlet activity during micturition. Isovolumetric bladder contractions, urethral pressure and external urethral sphincter electromyogram (EUS EMG) activity were recorded independently in urethane-anesthetized rats. During reflex bladder contractions, the urethra exhibited reflex responses characterized by an initial decrease in urethral pressure in conjunction with a rise in bladder pressure. This was followed by a period of high frequency oscillations (HFOs) associated with maximal urethral relaxation and burst type EUS EMG activity. Administration of N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) 10 mg./kg. intravenously, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, reversibly decreased the magnitude (62%, p < 0.05) and duration (40%, p < 0.05) of reflex urethral relaxation (N = 7). In 4 additional experiments, L-NOARG (10 to 15 mg./kg. intravenously) completely eliminated reflex urethral relaxation during micturition, and this effect was reversed in all animals by the administration of L-arginine (100 to 150 mg./kg. intravenously). Administration of N-nitro-D-arginine (D-NOARG) (10 to 30 mg./kg. intravenously) had no effect on reflex urethral relaxation. Neuromuscular blockade (vecuronium bromide 5 mg./kg. intravenously) reversibly decreased resting urethral pressure and eliminated the HFOs. The urethral smooth muscle relaxation that remained after neuromuscular blockade was eliminated following administration of L-NOARG (10 mg./kg. intravenously) in 2 of 3 animals. These results suggest that reflex urethral responses during micturition involve changes in both smooth and striated muscle activity, and that the predominant neurotransmitter mechanisms that mediate reflex urethral smooth muscle relaxation involve NO.
EVPN DF Election Algorithm Selection (2017)

This document describes a new EVPN Designated Forwarder Election (DF)
method which can be used to select a proper DF Election algorithm.
Review of the Efficacy of Individualized Chemotherapy Selected by In Vitro Drug Sensitivity Testing for Patients With Cancer (1999)

Only one third of patients entered in prospective trials of in vitro DST were actually treated with an in vitro best regimen. The response rates seem to be better with in vitro selected chemotherapy regimens than with empiric regimens, but the impact on survival has not been adequately addressed.
Nanosecond baseband optical-diffraction modulator (1971)

Latest measurements on an electro-optic diffraction modulator show optical-pulse risetimes of 1.5 ns with a drive of only 25 V and 6 nJ per pulse. The modulator lends itself to integration into thin-film optical circuits and is insensitive to temperature variations. Means of improving the performance still further are available.
1. Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within U.S. Waters – Overview and Rationale (2015)

We outline the rationale and process used by the Cetacean Density and Distribution Mapping (CetMap) Working Group to identify Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for 24 cetacean species, stocks, or populations in seven regions within U.S. waters. BIAs are reproductive areas, feeding areas, migratory corridors, and areas in which small and resident populations are concentrated. BIAs are region-, species-, and time-specific. Information provided for each BIA includes the following: (1) a written narrative describing the information, assumptions, and logic used to delineate the BIA; (2) a map of the BIA; (3) a list of references used in the assessment; and (4) a metadata table that concisely details the type and quantity of information used to define a BIA, providing transparency in how BIAs were designated in a quick reference table format. BIAs were identified through an expert elicitation process. The delineation of BIAs does not have direct or immediate regulatory consequences. Rather, the BIA assessment is intended to provide the best available science to help inform regulatory and management decisions under existing authorities about some, though not all, important cetacean areas in order to minimize the impacts of anthropogenic activities on cetaceans and to achieve conservation and protection goals. In addition, the BIAs and associated information may be used to identify information gaps and prioritize future research and modeling efforts to better understand cetaceans, their habitat, and ecosystems.
Novel intravascular macromolecular MRI contrast agent with generation‐4 polyamidoamine dendrimer core: Accelerated renal excretion with coinjection of lysine (2001)

One of the major limitations to macromolecular MRI contrast agents (MRI-CAs) is their slow clearance and associated decreased excretion of gadolinium (Gd(III)). The effect of coinjecting lysine to accelerate renal excretion of a macromolecular MRI-CA (generation-4 PAMAM dendrimer (G4D-(1B4M-Gd)64)) was investigated. The biodistribution and urine and fecal excretion in athymic mice was evaluated with and without lysine coinjection. 3D-dynamic-micro-MRI with G4D-(1B4M-Gd)64 was obtained with and without lysine coinjection, and the serial signal intensity (SI) change in the blood and organs was evaluated. When lysine was coinjected, urinary excretion of G4D-(1B4M-Gd)64 increased 5.4-fold compared to that without lysine, resulting in decreased renal accumulation of G4D-(1B4M-Gd)64 from 150% to 40% injected dose per gram (P < 0.001). On dynamic MRI with G4D-(1B4M-Gd)64, when lysine was coinjected, the kidney-to-blood SI ratio was significantly lower than that obtained without lysine (P < 0.001). When lysine was coinjected, the G4D-(1B4M-Gd)64 was excreted from the kidney intact.
Water Demand Forecasting by Memory Based Learning (1993)

Recently, a “memory based” approach towards various kinds of problems has been proposed. The underlying principles of the memory based approach are : (1) storing past examples in a memory. (2) searching “near” examples to a given input in a memory. In this paper, we apply the memory based approach to water demand forecasting, and present a hybrid method which consists of MBL (Memory Based Learning) and the conventional multiregression. In the memory based method, the distance metric is crucial. In our method, the local distance metric is defined from examples when an input data is given, then the neighborhood of the input is determined based on the distance metric. If there exist examples within the “neighborhood” of the input data, then the forecast is given by MBL. Otherwise, local multiregression is used. We applied this method to the daily water demand forecasting. The forecasting results by our method are approximately 5% better than those by the multiregression method. Especially, when there exist past examples in the neighborhood, namely in the case where MBL is applicable, the results are approximately 10-30% better than those by the conventional multiregression.
High-mobility GeSi PMOS on SIMOX (1993)

A new p-channel GeSi-SIMOX device is presented. The device consists of a Si/Ge/sub 0.3/Si/sub 0.7//Si channel, which is grown pseudomorphically on a SIMOX substrate. Due to reduced vertical electric field and band bending at the surface of a GeSi-SIMOX device, hole confinement in the buried channel is improved over that of a GeSi-bulk device. Experimentally, the effective channel mobility of this device is found to be 90% higher than that of an identically processed conventional SIMOX device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variation Level Set Method for Multiphase Image Classification (2011)

In this paper a multiphase image classification model based on variation level set method is presented. In recent years many classification algorithms based on level set method have been proposed for image classification. However, all of them have defects to some degree, such as parameters estimation and re-initialization of level set functions. To solve this problem, a new model including parameters estimation capability is proposed. Even for noise images the parameters needn't to be predefined. This model also includes a new term that forces the level set function to be close to a signed distance function. In addition, a boundary alignment term is also included in this model that is used for segmentation of thin structures. Finally the proposed model has been applied to both synthetic and real images with promising results.
Computational modeling of optical tweezers (2004)

Computational modelling of optical tweezers offers opportunities for the study of a wide range of parameters such as particle shape and composition and beam profile on the performance of the optical trap, both of which are of particular importance when applying this technique to arbitrarily shaped biological entities. In addition, models offer insight into processes that can be difficult to experimentally measure with sufficient accuracy. This can be invaluable for the proper understanding of novel effects within optical tweezers. In general, we can separate methods for computational modelling of optical tweezers into two groups: approximate methods such as geometric optics or Rayleigh scattering, and exact methods, in which the Maxwell equations are solved. We discuss the regimes of applicability of approximate methods, and consider the relative merits of various exact methods. The T-matrix method, in particular, is an attractive technique due to its efficiency for repeated calculations, and the simplicity of determining the optical force and torque. Some example numerical results are presented.