gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Pedestrian Detection and Tracking at Nighttime for Driver-Assistance Systems (2009)

Pedestrian detection is one of the most important components in driver-assistance systems. In this paper, we propose a monocular vision system for real-time pedestrian detection and tracking during nighttime driving with a near-infrared (NIR) camera. Three modules (region-of-interest (ROI) generation, object classification, and tracking) are integrated in a cascade, and each utilizes complementary visual features to distinguish the objects from the cluttered background in the range of 20-80 m. Based on the common fact that the objects appear brighter than the nearby background in nighttime NIR images, efficient ROI generation is done based on the dual-threshold segmentation algorithm. As there is large intraclass variability in the pedestrian class, a tree-structured, two-stage detector is proposed to tackle the problem through training separate classifiers on disjoint subsets of different image sizes and arranging the classifiers based on Haar-like and histogram-of-oriented-gradients (HOG) features in a coarse-to-fine manner. To suppress the false alarms and fill the detection gaps, template-matching-based tracking is adopted, and multiframe validation is used to obtain the final results. Results from extensive tests on both urban and suburban videos indicate that the algorithm can produce a detection rate of more than 90% at the cost of about 10 false alarms/h and perform as fast as the frame rate (30 frames/s) on a Pentium IV 3.0-GHz personal computer, which also demonstrates that the proposed system is feasible for practical applications and enjoys the advantage of low implementation cost.
<scp>ELSI</scp> Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute ( <scp>NHGRI</scp> ) (2006)

Abstract The US Ethical, Legal and Social Implications Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health was created in 1990 to anticipate and address the implications of human genome research for individuals, families and society.
Threshold Regression for Survival Analysis: Modeling Event Times by a Stochastic Process Reaching a Boundary (2006)

Many researchers have investigated first hitting times as models for survival data. First hitting times arise naturally in many types of stochastic processes, ranging from Wiener processes to Markov chains. In a survival context, the state of the underlying process represents the strength of an item or the health of an individual. The item fails or the individual experiences a clinical endpoint when the process reaches an adverse threshold state for the first time. The time scale can be calendar time or some other operational measure of degradation or disease progression. In many applications, the process is latent (i.e., unobservable). Threshold regression refers to first-hitting-time models with regression structures that accommodate covariate data. The parameters of the process, threshold state and time scale may depend on the covariates. This paper reviews aspects of this topic and discusses fruitful avenues for future research.
Pickup method from OpenGL by reverse projection matrix for real-orthoscopic integral imaging (2007)

We propose a new method using a reverse projection matrix in OpenGL, which can reconstruct real-orthoscopic images in computer-generated integral imaging without any additional device. This technique is verified through computer-generated integral imaging system.
The High-Availability Seamless redundancy protocol (HSR): Robust fault-tolerant networking and loop prevention through duplicate discard (2012)

In the last decade, Ethernet technology has paved its way from the use in office environments into the world of mission-critical networks, e.g. in industrial automation and control in production environments. Recent advancements in power utility automation place Ethernet at the communication infrastructure of electrical substations. To fulfill the requirement of drop-out free fault-tolerance in this application field, new Ethernet redundancy mechanisms have been developed: HSR and PRP. These methods are usually implemented in hardware, e.g. FPGAs. Thus, several key performance characteristics of the protocol are implementation-specific and can be altered. This paper gives an overview of PRP and HSR, outlines the implications of the protocol design in hardware to physical topologies and describes how design decisions can influence protocol performance.
Linear and Geometric Mixtures - Analysis (2013)

Linear and geometric mixtures are two methods to combine arbitrary models in data compression. Geometric mixtures generalize the empirically well-performing PAQ7 mixture. Both mixture schemes rely on weight vectors, which heavily determine their performance. Typically weight vectors are identified via Online Gradient Descent. In this work we show that one can obtain strong code length bounds for such a weight estimation scheme. These bounds hold for arbitrary input sequences. For this purpose we introduce the class of nice mixtures and analyze how Online Gradient Descent with a fixed step size combined with a nice mixture performs. These results translate to linear and geometric mixtures, which are nice, as we show. The results hold for PAQ7 mixtures as well, thus we provide the first theoretical analysis of PAQ7.
FY 2007 Miniature Spherical Retroreflectors Final Report (2008)

Miniature spherical retroreflectors, less than 8 millimeters in diameter, are currently being developed to enhance remote optical detection of nuclear proliferation activities. These retroreflecting spheres resemble small, sand-colored marbles that have the unique optical property of providing a strong reflection directly back to the source (i.e., retroreflecting) when illuminated with a laser. The addition of specific coatings, sensitive to specific chemicals or radioactive decay in the environment, can be applied to the surface of these retroreflectors to provide remote detection of nuclear proliferation activities. The presence of radioactive decay (e.g., alpha, gamma, neutron) or specific chemicals in the environment (e.g., TBP, acids) will change the optical properties of the spheres in a predictable fashion, thus indicating the presence or absence of the target materials. One possible scenario might employ an airborne infrared laser system (e.g., quantum-cascade lasers) to illuminate a section of ground littered with these retroreflective spheres. Depending on the coating and the presence of a specific chemical or radioisotope in the environment, the return signal would be modified in some predictable fashion because of fluorescence, frequency shifting, intensity attenuation/enhancement, or change in polarization. Research conducted in FY 2007 focused on developing novel optical fabrication processes and exploiting the unique material properties of chalcogenide infrared-transparent glass (germanium-arsenic-sulfur-tellurium compounds) to produce highly efficient retroreflectors. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s approach provides comparable performance to the ideal graded index sphere concept, developed by R. K. Luneburg in 1944 (Luneburg 1944), while greatly reducing the complexity in fabrication by utilizing chalcogenide glass materials and compression-molding processes.
Prediction of CVT Transmission Efficiency by Metal V-Belt and Pulley Behavior with Feedback Control (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A simulation technology has been developed to predict the transmission efficiency of a metal pushing V-belt and pulleys that make up the drive system of a continuously variable transmission (CVT).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">When a CVT operates in an actual vehicle, pulley thrust pressure is adjusted by feedback control to maintain a speed ratio. This feedback control has been implemented, for the first time, in an existing simulation that predicts the dynamic behavior of a metal V-belt using explicit structural analysis. The new simulation enables stable control of a target speed ratio when appropriate gains are set for each analysis condition. Using this simulation, the following values can be obtained: 1) pulley thrust pressure that is necessary for maintaining a specified speed ratio but could previously be derived only from physical testing, 2) transmission efficiency of a CVT drive system, consisting of a metal pushing V-belt and pulleys, at each operating condition, and 3) belt friction losses calculated from sliding velocities and friction forces applied to element contact surfaces.</div></div>
Deep Contextualized Acoustic Representations for Semi-Supervised Speech Recognition (2020)

We propose a novel approach to semi-supervised automatic speech recognition (ASR). We first exploit a large amount of unlabeled audio data via representation learning, where we reconstruct a temporal slice of filterbank features from past and future context frames. The resulting deep contextualized acoustic representations (DeCoAR) are then used to train a CTC-based end-to-end ASR system using a smaller amount of labeled audio data. In our experiments, we show that systems trained on DeCoAR consistently outperform ones trained on conventional filterbank features, giving 42% and 19% relative improvement over the baseline on WSJ eval92 and LibriSpeech test-clean, respectively. Our approach can drastically reduce the amount of labeled data required; unsupervised training on LibriSpeech then supervision with 100 hours of labeled data achieves performance on par with training on all 960 hours directly.
SopB protein-mediated silencing of genes linked to the sopC locus of Escherichia coli F plasmid. (1995)

Expression of a high level of F-plasmid-encoded SopB protein in Escherichia coli is found to repress genes linked to sopC, a sequence element of F consisting of 12 tandemly joined imperfect repeats of a 43-bp motif. Repression of a gene can occur over a distance of at least 10 kb from the sopC element and is not affected by the relative orientation of sopC. In the repressed state, accessibility of intracellular DNA to cellular proteins is greatly reduced in the region containing sopC, as monitored by the trapping of the covalent intermediate between DNA and DNA gyrase and by Dam methylase-catalyzed DNA methylation. These results signify the formation of a nucleoprotein structure emanating from sopC and are discussed in terms of position-dependent silencing of genes in general and the IncG type of plasmid incompatibility in particular.
Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health (2000)

A new polyunsaturated margarine with added plant stanols, Benecol, was introduced in several European countries last year, and a similar margarine with added plant sterols will be introduced under the Flora label later this year. These products lower serum concentrations of cholesterol, but they are expensive.1–14 In Great Britain the cost is about £2.50 ($4.00) for a 250 g tub compared with 60p for ordinary polyunsaturated margarine and 90p for butter. This article considers quantitatively the health aspects of adding plant sterols and stanols to margarines and other foods.

#### Summary points

Plant sterols and stanols reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the gut and so lower serum concentrations of cholesterol

Plant sterols or stanols that have been esterified to increase their lipid solubilitycan be incorporated into foods

The 2 g of plant sterol or stanol added to an average daily portion of margarine reduces serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol by an average of 0.54 mmol/l in people aged 50-59, 0.43 mmol/l in those aged 40-49, and 0.33 mmol/l in those aged 30-39

A reduction in the risk of heart disease of about 25% would be expected for this reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol; this is larger than the effect that could be expected to be achieved by people reducing their intake of saturated fat

The added costs of £70 per person per year will limit consumption; however, if stanols and sterols become cheaper, their introduction into the food chain will make them an important innovation in the primary prevention of heart disease

Randomised trials included in this review were identified by a Medline search using the term “plant sterols.” Additional trials were identified from citations in these papers and in review articles. Other trials in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia were not included.

Sterols are an essential …
Selectivity in Sulfonation of Triphenyl Phosphine (2000)

The selectivity of triphenyl phosphine sulfonation using 34% SO3 to triphenyl phosphine trisulfonate (TPPTS) was studied. Several side products such as mono- and disulfonate, sulfonated phosphine oxide, and sulfonated phosphine sulfides were also observed. Reaction conditions were optimised to give 90% pure TPPTS. Agitation speed, mode of agitation and temperature have a strong influence on activity and selectivity of reaction. The TPPTS formed was tested for its activity in hydroformylation of ethylene and octene-1 in biphasic mode using [Rh(COD)Cl]2.
Primary Culture of Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Interstitial Fibroblasts (2011)

Renal physiology and pathology are complex systems that are best studied in whole living organisms. This, however, is often restricted by our desire to limit the number of animal experiments undertaken and to replace them with relevant in vitro models that can be used as surrogates for the system under test. Primary culture cells are derived directly from the relevant tissue and therefore correlate more closely with the system under examination. Although the tissue of origin is not always readily available for culture and cells may quickly change their phenotype after only a few passages, they can be used in many circumstances to validate results obtained from closely related cell lines and to confirm vital protein expression patterns. This chapter outlines methods by which proximal tubular epithelial cells and renal interstitial fibroblasts can be isolated and characterized from human renal nephrectomy tissue.
Multilevel codes for unequal error protection (1993)

Two combined unequal error protection (UEP) coding and modulation schemes are proposed. The first method multiplexes different coded signal constellations, with each coded constellation providing a different level of error protection. In this method, a codeword specifies the multiplexing rule and the choice of the codeword from a fixed codebook is used to convey additional important information. The decoder determines the multiplexing rule before decoding the rest of the data. The second method is based on partitioning a signal constellation into disjoint subsets in which the most important data sequence is encoded, using most of the available redundancy, to specify a sequence of subsets. The partitioning and code construction is done to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance between two different valid subset sequences. This leads to ways of partitioning the signal constellations into subsets. The less important data selects a sequence of signal points to be transmitted from the subsets. A side benefit of the proposed set partitioning procedure is a reduction in the number of nearest neighbors, sometimes even over the uncoded signal constellation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potentiometric adenosine-triphosphate polyanion sensor using a lipophilic macrocyclic polyamine liquid membrane (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric adenosine-triphosphate polyanion sensor using a lipophilic macrocyclic polyamine liquid membraneYoshio. Umezawa, Masamitsu. Kataoka, Wako. Takami, Eiichi. Kimura, Tohru. Koike, and Hiroko. NadaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 21, 2392–2396Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00172a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (619 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acquiring temporal constraints between relations (2012)

We consider the problem of automatically acquiring knowledge about the typical temporal orderings among relations (e.g., actedIn(person, film) typically occurs before wonPrize (film, award)), given only a database of known facts (relation instances) without time information, and a large document collection. Our approach is based on the conjecture that the narrative order of verb mentions within documents correlates with the temporal order of the relations they represent. We propose a family of algorithms based on this conjecture, utilizing a corpus of 890m dependency parsed sentences to obtain verbs that represent relations of interest, and utilizing Wikipedia documents to gather statistics on narrative order of verb mentions. Our proposed algorithm, GraphOrder, is a novel and scalable graph-based label propagation algorithm that takes transitivity of temporal order into account, as well as these statistics on narrative order of verb mentions. This algorithm achieves as high as 38.4% absolute improvement in F1 over a random baseline. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this learned general knowledge about typical temporal orderings among relations, by showing that these temporal constraints can be successfully used by a joint inference framework to assign specific temporal scopes to individual facts.
Triglycerides and Oils for Biofuels (2012)

Abstract The utilization of triglycerides and oils for production of biofuels is discussed. The composition of the feedstocks, purification of raw materials, as well as various strategies for transformations of triglycerides to biofuels are considered. Transesterification, oxygen removal through hydrodeoxygenation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation along with hydrogenation of unsaturated feedstocks are reviewed.
Miniaturisation of microstrip antenna using irises (2004)

A three-dimensional antenna is designed to miniaturise the flat-styled microstrip antenna using irises alternately attached beneath the patch plane and on the ground plane. This miniaturised three-dimensional antenna size is reduced to 79.1% of the size of the general plane type microstrip antenna.
Unusual Synergetic Effect of Cocatalysts in the Polymerization of Propylene by a Zirconium Bis(benzamidinate) Dimethyl Complex (2006)

The zirconium benzamidinate dimethyl complex [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Zr(Me)2 (1) was activated by a mixture of trityl tetrakispentafluorophenylborate (TTPB) and a small amount of methylalumoxane (MAO) (Zr:B:Al = 1:1:50), forming an extremely active catalytic system for the polymerization of olefins, producing high-density polyethylene and elastomeric polypropylene with a narrow MWD. This catalytic system rivals the activity of the best nonmetallocene systems and approaches the activities of the best metallocene complexes. Single active sites are obtained only after the addition of propylene. A plausible activation mechanism is proposed, which is corroborated by NMR, ESR spectroscopy, radical trapping on fullerene, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy experiments.
Eye Tracking Detects Disconjugate Eye Movements Associated with Structural Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion (2015)

Disconjugate eye movements have been associated with traumatic brain injury since ancient times. Ocular motility dysfunction may be present in up to 90% of patients with concussion or blast injury. We developed an algorithm for eye tracking in which the Cartesian coordinates of the right and left pupils are tracked over 200 sec and compared to each other as a subject watches a short film clip moving inside an aperture on a computer screen. We prospectively eye tracked 64 normal healthy noninjured control subjects and compared findings to 75 trauma subjects with either a positive head computed tomography (CT) scan (n=13), negative head CT (n=39), or nonhead injury (n=23) to determine whether eye tracking would reveal the disconjugate gaze associated with both structural brain injury and concussion. Tracking metrics were then correlated to the clinical concussion measure Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) in trauma patients. Five out of five measures of horizontal disconjugacy were increased in positive and negative head CT patients relative to noninjured control subjects. Only one of five vertical disconjugacy measures was significantly increased in brain-injured patients relative to controls. Linear regression analysis of all 75 trauma patients demonstrated that three metrics for horizontal disconjugacy negatively correlated with SCAT3 symptom severity score and positively correlated with total Standardized Assessment of Concussion score. Abnormal eye-tracking metrics improved over time toward baseline in brain-injured subjects observed in follow-up. Eye tracking may help quantify the severity of ocular motility disruption associated with concussion and structural brain injury.
Wireless and Computing Resource Allocation for Selfish Computation Offloading in Edge Computing (2019)

We consider the problem of allocating wireless and computing resources to a set of autonomous wireless devices in an edge computing system. Devices in the system can decide whether or not to use edge computing resources for offloading computing tasks so as to minimize their completion time, while the edge cloud operator can allocate wireless and computing resources to the devices. We model the interaction between devices and the operator as a Stackelberg game, prove the existence of Stackelberg equilibria, and propose an efficient decentralized algorithm for computing equilibria. We provide a bound on the price of anarchy of the game, which also serves as an approximation ratio bound for the proposed algorithm. Our simulation results show that the joint allocation of wireless and computing resources by the operator can halve the completion times compared to a system with static resource allocation. At the same time, the convergence time of the proposed algorithm is approximately linear in the number of devices, and thus it could be effectively implemented for edge computing resource management.
Effects of Comfort Warming on Preoperative Patients (2006)

THERMAL COMFORT IS ONE DIMENSION of overall patient comfort, and it usually is addressed by covering the patient with warmed cotton blankets. WARMING HELPS A PATIENT maintain normothermia and appears to decrease patient anxiety. AN STUDY WAS CONDUCTED in a preoperative setting to compare the effects of preoperative warming with warmed cotton blankets versus patient-controlled warming gowns on patients' perceptions of thermal comfort and anxiety. BOTH WARMING INTERVENTIONS had a positive effect on patients' thermal comfort and sense of well-being. Patients who used the patient-controlled warming gown also experienced a significant reduction in preoperative anxiety.