gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BUILDING RELIABLE AND ROBUST SERVICE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATED BUSINESS PROCESSES (2007)

An exciting trend in enterprise computing lies in the integration of applications across an organisation and even between organisations. This allows the provision of services by automated business processes that coordinate business activity among several collaborating organisations. The best successes in this type of integrated distributed system come through use of Web Services and Service-based Architecture, which allow interoperation between applications through open standards based on XML and SOAP. But still, there are unresolved issues when developers seek to build a reliable and robust system. An important goal for the designers of a loosely coupled distributed system is to maintain consistency for each long running business process in the presence of failures and concurrent activities. Our approach to assist the developers in this domain is to guide the developers with the key principles they must consider, and to provide programming models and protocols, which make it easier to detect and avoid consistency faults in service-based system. We start by defining a realistic e-procurement scenario to illustrate the common problems faced by the developers which prevent them from building a reliable and robust system. These problems make it hard to maintain the consistency of the data and state during the execution of a business process in the occurrence of failures and interference from concurrent activities. Through the analysis of the common problems, we identify key principles the developers must consider to avoid producing the common problems. Then based on the key principles, we provide a framework called GAT in the orchestration infrastructure. GAT allows developers to express all the necessary processing to handle deviations including those due to failures and concurrent activities. We discuss the GAT framework in detail with its structure and key features. Using an example taken from part of the e-procurement case study, we illustrate how developers can use the framework to design their business requirements. We also discuss how key features of the new framework help the developers to avoid producing consistency faults. We illustrate how systems based on our framework can be built using today’s proven technology. Finally, we provide a unified isolation mechanism called Promises that is not only applicable to our GAT framework, but also to any applications that run in the service-based world. We discuss the concept, how it works, and how it defines a protocol. We also provide a list of potential implementation techniques. Using some of the implementation techniques we mention, we provide a proof-of-concept prototype system.
Assembly of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein in vitro (1992)

The capsid protein (CA) (p24) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to greater than 90% homogeneity was used to examine assembly in vitro and to probe the nature of interactions involved in the formation of capsid structures. The protein was detected in dimeric and oligomeric forms as indicated by molecular size measurements by gel filtration column chromatography, sedimentation through sucrose, and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. Chemical cross-linking of CA molecules was observed with several homobifunctional reagents. Oligomer size was dependent on cross-linker concentration and exhibited a nonrandom pattern in which dimers and tetramers were more abundant than trimers and pentamers. Oligomers as large as dodecamers were detected in native polyacrylamide gels. These were stable in solutions of high ionic strength or in the presence of nonionic detergent, indicating that strong interactions were involved in oligomer stabilization. Limited tryptic digestion converted the putative dodecamers to octamers, suggesting that a region involved in CA protein multimerization was exposed in the structure. This region was mapped to the central portion of the protein. The recombinant CA proteins assembled in vitro into long rodlike structures and were disassembled into small irregular spheres by alterations in ionic strength and pH. The observation that assembly and disassembly of purified HIV type 1 CA protein can be induced in vitro suggests an approach for identifying possible control mechanisms involved in HIV viral core assembly.
Intratumoral administration of mRNA encoding a fusokine consisting of IFN-β and the ectodomain of the TGF-β receptor II potentiates antitumor immunity (2014)

It is generally accepted that the success of immunotherapy depends on the presence of tumor-specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells and the modulation of the tumor environment. In this study, we validated mRNA encoding soluble factors as a tool to modulate the tumor microenvironment to potentiate infiltration of tumor-specific T cells. Intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding a fusion protein consisting of interferon-β and the ectodomain of the transforming growth factor-β receptor II, referred to as Fβ², showed therapeutic potential. The treatment efficacy was dependent on CD8⁺ T cells and could be improved through blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In vitro studies revealed that administration of Fβ² to tumor cells resulted in a reduced proliferation and increased expression of MHC I but also PD-L1. Importantly, Fβ² enhanced the antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells, whilst reducing the suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding soluble proteins, such as Fβ², can modulate the tumor microenvironment, leading to effective antitumor T cell responses, which can be further potentiated through combination therapy.
Soft handoff algorithm with variable thresholdsin CDMA cellular systems (1997)

Traffic nonuniformity degrades the performance of CDMA cellular systems. The authors present a new algorithm called the variable threshold soft handoff (VTSH) which reduces the performance degradation due to traffic nonuniformity in CDMA cellular systems. Unlike the conventional fixed handoff thresholds, the proposed algorithm allows the handoff thresholds (T_ADD and T_DROP) to vary dynamically according to the traffic density of each cell. This algorithm has been implemented by means of computer simulation and the results show that VTSH improves the overall CDMA system performance in terms of outage probability. The VTSH algorithm can easily be applied to CDMA cellular systems without any modification.
Nuclear Substituted 9-(4'-Diethylamino-1'-methylbutylamino)-acridines<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear Substituted 9-(4'-Diethylamino-1'-methylbutylamino)-acridines1E. R. Shepard and H. A. ShonleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 5, 1979–1980Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01185a523https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01185a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A programmable FIR digital filter using CSD coefficients (1996)

An area-efficient programmable FIR digital filter using canonic signed-digit (CSD) coefficients was implemented that uses a switchable unit-delay to allocate the desired number of nonzero CSD coefficient digits to each filter tap. The prototype chip can allocate up to 16 pairs of nonzero CSD coefficient digits for a linear-phase filter, thus realizing filters with 32 linear-phase taps operating at 180 MHz with two nonzero CSD digits per filter tap. Additional nonzero CSD digits can be allocated to filter taps at the penalty of a reduced filter length and a reduced data-rate. The chip was implemented with 16-bit I/O in a die size of 5.9 mm by 3.4 mm using 1.0-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Model reference adaptive control in the presence of high-order actuator dynamics (2016)

We recently proposed a linear matrix inequalities-based hedging approach to compute stability limits of adaptive controllers in the presence of first-order actuator dynamics. Specifically, our approach modifies the ideal reference model dynamics using the hedging method to allow correct adaptation, which is not affected by the presence of actuator dynamics, and then analyzes the stability of this modified reference model coupled with the first-order actuator dynamics using linear matrix inequalities - for computing the fundamental stability interplay between the bandwidth of actuator dynamics and the allowable system uncertainties. This paper generalizes this framework to high-order (linear time-invariant) actuator dynamics and discuss the distance between the uncertain dynamical system and the ideal (i.e., unmodified) reference model dynamics. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in computing stability limits of adaptive controllers.
696. Studies on organic fluorine compounds. Part XXX. Some reactions of fluoropyruvic acid (1963)

E. D. Bergmann and A. Mielewitz, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3736 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003736
Carbon Disclosures: Comparability, the Carbon Disclosure Project and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (2012)

Corporate carbon disclosures have become increasingly commonplace and are often presented as a useful voluntary mechanism for internal and external decision making. The production of the data is said to assist corporations position themselves strategically in terms of the carbon risks and opportunities they may face. External to the firm, carbon disclosures hold the promise of assisting capital allocation decisions that are ‘carbon responsible’. It is claimed that the process of disclosure can sensitise the market to global environmental problems such as climate change. In order to consider these claims, the broad purpose of this paper is to question whether the voluntary information that is produced can live up to its expectations and provide a meaningful basis for climate change related decision making. To that end, this exploratory study examines the carbon disclosures of Australasian mining companies over three years in compliance with a voluntary carbon disclosure regime – the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) – and assesses those disclosures with respect to comparability, an important criterion for information usefulness.
Modelling stop intersection approaches using Gaussian processes (2013)

Each driver reacts differently to the same traffic conditions, however, most Advanced Driving Assistant Systems (ADAS) assume that all drivers are the same. This paper proposes a method to learn and to model the velocity profile that the driver follows as the vehicle decelerates towards a stop intersection. Gaussian Processes (GP), a machine learning method for non-linear regressions are used to model the velocity profiles. It is shown that GP are well adapted for such an application, using data recorded in real traffic conditions. GP allow the generation of a normally distributed speed, given a position on the road. By comparison with generic velocity profiles, benefits of using individual driver patterns for ADAS issues are presented.
Viscoelasticity measurements inside liposomes (2014)

Microrheology, the study of the behavior of fluids on the microscopic scale, has been and continues to be one of the most important subjects that can be applied to characterize the behavior of biological fluids. It is extremely difficult to make rapid measurement of the viscoelastic properties of the interior of living cells. Liposomes are widely used as model system for studying different aspects of cell biology. We propose to develop a microrheometer, based on real-time control of optical tweezers, in order to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the fluid inside liposomes. This will give greater understanding of the viscoelastic properties of the fluids inside cells. In our experiment, the liposomes are prepared by different methods to find out both a better way to make GUVs and achieve efficient encapsulation of particle. By rotating the vaterite inside a liposome via spin angular momentum, the optical torque can be measured by measuring the change of polarization of the transmitted light, which allows the direct measurement of viscous drag torque since the optical torque is balanced by the viscous drag. We present an initial feasibility demonstration of trapping and manipulation of a microscopic vaterite inside the liposome. The applied method is simple and can be extended to sensing within the living cells.
Development of a Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum alloy for 450-650F Service. (1980)

Abstract : This investigation was aimed at gaining an understanding of the factors controlling room and elevated temperature strength in aluminum and aluminum alloys prepared by mechanical alloying (M/A). Room temperature strength was found to be controlled by retained cold work, grain size, dispersoid content, precipitation hardening and the presence of low solubility addition elements. Decreasing effectiveness of these factors was found at elevated temperatures and, in fact, the solid solution/precipitation hardening elements decreased strength. Stress-rupture and creep properties were defined as a function of stress, time and alloy additions. The most beneficial addition elements were found to be Ti or a combination of Fe+Cr. Stress to produce 0.2% creep strain in 100 hours was estimated to be 22.6 ksi at 450 F and 13.9 ksi at 650 F. Attempts to improve creep resistance by increasing grain size through variations in hot working were unsuccessful. Creep strength at 450 F was less in the grain coarsened materials than in those with fine grains, and at 650 F was independent of grain size over the limited range evaluated. Continued attempts at affecting recrystallization to a coarse elongated grain morphology, as achieved in nickel base systems, should be made. Such a structure is expected to increase creep strength at service temperatures greater than 50% of the absolute melting point, 380 F in the case of Al.
The GTP-binding protein YqeH participates in biogenesis of the 30S ribosome subunit in Bacillus subtilis (2007)

Bacterial genome sequencing has revealed a novel family of P-loop GTPases that are often essential for growth. Accumulating evidence suggests that these proteins are involved in biogenesis of the 30S or 50S ribosomal subunits. YqeH is a member of this Obg/Era GTPase family, with its function remains to be uncovered. Here, we present results showing that YqeH is involved in the 30S subunit biogenesis in Bacillus subtilis. We observed a reduction in the 70S ribosome and accumulation of the free 50S subunit in YqeH-depleted cells. Interestingly, no free 30S subunit accumulation was evident. Consistent with the theory that YqeH is involved in 30S subunit biogenesis, a precursor of 16S rRNA and its degradation products were detected. Additionally, the reduction of free 30S subunit was not observed in Era-depleted cells. YqeH overexpression did not compensate for growth defects in mutants devoid of Era and vice versa. Moreover, in vitro GTPase analyses showed that YqeH possessed high intrinsic GTPase activity. In contrast, Era showed slow GTPase activity, which was enhanced by the 30S ribosomal subunit. Our findings strongly suggest that YqeH and Era function at distinct checkpoints during 30S subunit assembly. B. subtilis yqeH is classified as an essential gene due to the inability of the IPTG-dependent P(spac)-yqeH mutant to grow on LB or PAB agar plates in the absence of IPTG. However, in our experiments, the P(spac)-yqeH mutant grew in PAB liquid medium without IPTG supplementation, albeit at an impaired rate. This finding raises the interesting possibility that YqeH participates in assembly of the 30S ribosomal subunit as well as other cellular functions essential for growth on solid media.
The Application of Whole Cell-Based Biosensors for Use in Environmental Analysis and in Medical Diagnostics (2017)

Various whole cell-based biosensors have been reported in the literature for the last 20 years and these reports have shown great potential for their use in the areas of pollution detection in environmental and in biomedical diagnostics. Unlike other reviews of this growing field, this mini-review argues that: (1) the selection of reporter genes and their regulatory proteins are directly linked to the performance of celllular biosensors; (2) broad enhancements in microelectronics and information technologies have also led to improvements in the performance of these sensors; (3) their future potential is most apparent in their use in the areas of medical diagnostics and in environmental monitoring; and (4) currently the most promising work is focused on the better integration of cellular sensors with nano and micro scaled integrated chips. With better integration it may become practical to see these cells used as (5) real-time portable devices for diagnostics at the bedside and for remote environmental toxin detection and this in situ application will make the technology commonplace and thus as unremarkable as other ubiquitous technologies.
Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (2004)

Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes
Holistic and efficient link adaptation for 802.11x wireless LANs (2014)

Wireless LANs (WLANs), based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, have become the standard means for indoor wireless connectivity. At the same time, the rising number of smart mobile devices, broadband access speeds, and bandwidth hungry applications (e.g., high definition video streaming) have led to an increase not only of usage but also of demand for higher data-rates. This demand for higher rates is being met with newer IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., 802.11n/ac) that introduce new features and also increase the different possible settings for each feature. Inherent channel variations and the possible interference conditions when operating in unlicensed spectrum necessitate adaptation of the various medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layer features to ensure high performance. Selecting the values of those features to optimise a criterion such as throughput is the link adaptation problem. Link adaptation, the focus of this thesis, can play a key role in improving the performance of 802.11 WLANs. Increasing number of features and feature setting combinations with newer 802.11 standards is not only making link adaptation even more important but also more challenging. The contributions made in this thesis significantly advance the state of the art on link adaptation for 802.11 WLANs along three dimensions. First, we show that not knowing the exact cause of loss is not an impediment to effective link adaptation. Nevertheless, actions taken in response to losses are more crucial and they ought to be holistic and not solely dependent on the exact cause of loss. Second, we make significant methodological contributions for analysing the impact of multiple parameters on a given criterion, based on comprehensive experimental measurements. The application of this methodology on 802.11n measurements, examining the interaction of the protocols various parameters on performance under varying conditions, has lead to several valuable findings on how to perform efficient link adaptation in a complex WLAN scenario like 802.11n and future 802.11 standards. Adaptation should be holistic, based on the channel quality instead of the interference scenario, and independent of loss differentiation. Based on these insights, lastly and most importantly, we propose two novel holistic link adaptation schemes for legacy 802.11a/b/g and 802.11n WLANs, termed Themis and SampleLite, respectively. Both Themis and SampleLite take a hybrid approach relying on easily accessed channel quality information at the sender side to perform holistic adaptation. The hypothesis that adaptation should be holistic is validated by our results, with both Themis and SampleLite outperforming the current state of the art.
Gene Disruption of Tissue Transglutaminase (2001)

Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2), or tissue transglutaminase, catalyzes either epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine or N(1), N(8)-(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine isopeptide bonds. TGase 2 expression has been associated with apoptosis, and it has been proposed that its activation should lead to the irreversible assembly of a cross-linked protein scaffold in dead cells. Thus, TGase 2-catalyzed protein polymerization contributes to the ultrastructural changes typical of dying apoptotic cells; it stabilizes the integrity of the apoptotic cells, preventing the release of harmful intracellular components into the extracellular space and, consequently, inflammation and scar formation. In order to perform a targeted disruption of the enzyme, we prepared a construct deleting part of exons 5 and 6, containing the active site, and intron 5. Complete absence of TGase 2 was demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. TGase activity measured on liver and thymus extracts showed, however, a minimal residual activity in TGase 2(-/-) mice. PCR analysis of mRNA extracted from the same tissues demonstrated that at least TGase 1 (normally present in the skin) is also expressed in these tissues and contributes to this residual activity. TGase 2(-/-) mice showed no major developmental abnormalities, and histological examination of the major organs appeared normal. Induction of apoptosis ex vivo in TGase 2(-/-) thymocytes (by CD95, dexamethasone, etoposide, and H(2)O(2)) and in vitro on TGase 2(-/-) mouse embryonal fibroblasts (by retinoids, UV, and H(2)O(2)) showed no significant differences. A reduction in cross-linked apoptotic bodies with a modestly increased release of lactate dehydrogenase has been detected in some cases. Together our results show that TGase 2 is not a crucial component of the main pathway of the apoptotic program. It is possible that the residual enzymatic activity, due to TGase 1 or redundancy of other still-unidentified TGases, can compensate for the lack of TGase 2.