gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A similarity measure for illustration style (2014)

This paper presents a method for measuring the similarity in style between two pieces of vector art, independent of content. Similarity is measured by the differences between four types of features: color, shading, texture, and stroke. Feature weightings are learned from crowdsourced experiments. This perceptual similarity enables style-based search. Using our style-based search feature, we demonstrate an application that allows users to create stylistically-coherent clip art mash-ups.
Grid Integration of Large DFIG-Based Wind Farms Using VSC Transmission (2007)

This paper describes the use of voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC transmission system (VSC transmission) technology for connecting large doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms over long distance. The operation principles of the proposed system are described, and new control strategies for normal and grid fault conditions are proposed. To obtain smooth operation, the wind farm side VSC (WFVSC) is controlled as an infinite voltage source that automatically absorbs power generated by the wind farm and maintains a stable local ac network. Fault ride through of the system during grid ac faults is achieved by ensuring automatic power balancing through frequency modulation using WFVSC and frequency control using DFIG. PSCAD/EMTDC simulations are presented to demonstrate robust performance during wind speed and power variations and to validate the fault ride through capability of the proposed system.
NanoBLASTer: Fast alignment and characterization of Oxford Nanopore single molecule sequencing reads (2016)

The quality of the Oxford Nanopores long DNA sequence reads has been, to date, lower than other technologies, causing great interest to develop new algorithms that can make use of the data. So far, alignment methods including LAST, BLAST, BWA-MEM and GraphMap have been used to analyze these sequences. However, each of these tools has significant challenges to use with these data: LAST and BLAST require considerable processing time for high sensitivity, BWA-MEM has the smallest average alignment length, and GraphMap aligns many random strings with moderate accuracy. To address these challenges we developed a new read aligner called NanoBLASTer specifically designed for long nanopore reads. In experiments resequencing the well-studied S. cerevisiae (yeast) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) genomes, we show that our algorithm produces longer alignments with higher overall sensitivity than LAST, BLAST and BWA-MEM. We also show that the runtime of NanoBLASTer is faster than GraphMap, BLAST and BWA-MEM.
Multiple roles of mucins in pancreatic cancer, a lethal and challenging malignancy (2004)

Mucins are members of an expanding family of large multifunctional glycoproteins. Pancreatic mucins have important biological functions, including the protection, lubrication, and moisturisation of the surfaces of epithelial tissues lining ductal structures within the pancreas. Several lines of evidence support the notion that deregulated mucin production is a hallmark of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders of the pancreas. Herein, we discuss the factors that contribute to the lethality of pancreatic cancer as well as the key role played by mucins, particularly MUC1 and MUC4, in the development and progression of the disease. Aspects pertaining to the aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins are discussed, with special emphasis on their potential impact on the design and implementation of adequate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for combating this lethal malignancy.
Flipchip bump integrity with copper/ultra low-k dielectrics for fine pitch flipchip packaging (2004)

As CMOS transistor scaling proceeds into the deep submicron regime, the number of transistors on high performance, high density ICs is increasing to 45/spl sim/60 millions, in accordance with the historical trend of Moore's Law. It is the fundamental motivating factor causing the semiconductor industry to move away from aluminum as interconnect metal with silicon dioxide dielectric between the metal lines, to copper metal and ultra-low-k dielectric materials. Copper reduces the resistance of the metal interconnect lines, while low-k dielectrics reduce the parasitic capacitance between the metal lines: The implementation of copper as an interconnect in conjunction with the ultra low-k materials as interlevel dielectrics (ILDs) or intermetal dielectrics (IMDs) in the fabrication of ULSI circuits has been a main stream especially for high speed devices in the semiconductor community worldwide. The impact of UBM integrity in Cu metallization has been reported and major failure mechanism observed were metal peeling from low-k dielectrics. However investigations reported with different chip ILD/IMD stacking structure and with various UBM metallization and failure analysis of the same particularly with ultra low-k dielectrics are very limited. In this work, two different approaches are studied. One is for chip-side stack structure and another is the application of wafer level packaging technology. The bump failure is found at the chip-side, especially, at the interface of ultra low-k dielectrics materials. To increase the bump adhesion properties, different thickness ILDs were deposited and various adhesion promoter layers were evaluated with several stack structures. In order to achieve the proper solder joint reliability in other approach, wafer level integration techniques were applied. Encapsulation of photosensitive low-k dielectrics and BCB (Benzocyclobutene) were carried out on the Cu/ultra-low-k dielectric wafers. According to the characterization, it gave promising results in view point of adhesion, thus, no more chip-side failure is found. The process, assembly steps, test vehicle design and reliability results, failures and analysis will be reported.
Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation (2020)

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Abnormal nonshivering thermogenesis in mice with inherited defects of fatty acid oxidation. (1998)

When placed in the cold (4 degreesC), BALB/cByJ mice of both genders rapidly lose body temperature as compared with the control strain, C57BL/6J. This sensitivity to cold resembles that previously described for mice with a defect in nonshivering thermogenesis due to the targeted inactivation of the brown adipocyte-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene, Ucp1. Genetic mapping of the trait placed the gene on chromosome 5 near Acads, a gene encoding the short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, which is mutated in BALB/cByJ mice. The analysis of candidate genes in the region indicated a defect only in the expression of Acads. Confirmation of the importance of fatty acid oxidation to thermogenesis came from our finding that mice carrying the targeted inactivation of the long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase gene (Acadl) are also sensitive to the cold. Both of these mutations attenuate the induction of genes normally responsive to adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. These results suggest that the action of fatty acids as regulators of gene expression has been perturbed in the mutant mice. From a clinical perspective, it is important to determine whether defects in thermogenesis may be a phenotype in human neonates with inherited deficiencies in fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Synthesis and Spray Drying of Water-Redispersible Polymer (2010)

The present work reveals the preparation of waterborne acrylic emulsion for interior coating. The emulsion was prepared by sequential core-shell polymerization method. The prepared acrylic emulsions were then spray dried and converted into redispersible powder. The effect of different neutralizing agents on the powder transformation yield and redispersibility properties of the polymer powder was studied. The mother emulsion and redispersible emulsion showed similar flexibility, impact resistance, and adhesion property. In addition, this article describes the preparation of redispersible aid by solution polymerization of acrylic acid–methyl methacrylate. The resultant spray-dried powder showed very good redispersibility.
Predicting software test effort in iterative development using a dynamic bayesian network (2010)

Projects following iterative software development methodologies must still be managed in a way as to maximize quality and minimize costs. However, there are indications that predicting test effort in iterative development is challenging and currently there seem to be no models for test effort prediction. This paper introduces and validates a dynamic Bayesian network for predicting test effort in iterative software devel- opment. The proposed model is validated by the use of data from two industrial projects. The accuracy of the results has been verified through different prediction accuracy measurements and statistical tests. The results from the validation confirm that the model has the ability to predict test effort in iterative projects accurately.
Simulation of Highly Idealized, Atomic Scale Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata Logic Circuits (2008)

Spintronics logic devices based on majority gates formed by atomic-level arrangements of spins in the crystal lattice is considered. The dynamics of switching is modeled by time-dependent solution of the density-matrix equation with relaxation. The devices are shown to satisfy requirements for logic. Switching speed and dissipated energy are calculated and compared with electronic transistors. The simulations show that for the highly idealized case assumed here, it is possible to trade off speed for switching energy and achieve lower power operation than ultimately scaled CMOS devices.
Design Considerations of Selector Device in Cross-Point RRAM Array for Neuromorphic Computing (2018)

We investigate the impact of selector device in cross-point resistive switching memory (RRAM) array on weighted sum operation in the neural network. The requirement of selector devices in a neuromorphic system may be different than that in a conventional memory system. In this work, we developed Verilog-A device models to accurately describe current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of one-selector and one-RRAM (1S-1R) devices obtained experimentally, and then performed the array-level SPICE simulations for weighted sum operation. The weighted sum accuracy is benchmarked as a function of selector non-linearity, array size, and wire resistance. Our results reveal that linearity of the I-V curve in the 1S-1R device with respect to input vector plays an important role in precisely reading-out the weighted sum. Finally, we discuss the desired characteristics of the selector device to be used for the inference stage of the neuromorphic systems.
Flow-based Throughput Prediction using Deep Learning and Real-World Network Traffic (2019)

We present a processing pipeline for flow-based throughput classification based on a machine learning component using deep neural networks (DNNs) that is trained to predict the likely bit rate of a real-world network traffic flow ahead of time. The DNN is trained and evaluated on a flow data stream as well as on a reference dataset collected from a university data center. Predicted bit rates are quantized into three classes instead of the common binary classification into “mice” and “elephant” flows. An in-depth description of the data acquisition process, including preprocessing steps and anonymization used to protect sensitive information, is given. We employ t-SNE (a state-of-the-art data visualization algorithm) to visualize network traffic data, thus enabling us to analyze and understand the characteristics of network traffic data and relations between communication flows at a glance. Additionally, an architecture for flow-based routing utilizing the developed pipeline is proposed as a possible use-case.
Detection of Ga suboxides and their impact on III-V passivation and Fermi-level pinning (2009)

The passivation of interface states remains an important problem for III-V based semiconductor devices. The role of the most stable bound native oxides GaOx (0.5≤x≤1.5) is of particular interest. Using monochromatic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with controlled GaAs(100) and InGaAs(100) surfaces, a stable suboxide (Ga2O) bond is detected at the interface but does not appear to be detrimental to device characteristics. In contrast, the removal of the Ga 3+ oxidation state (Ga2O3) is shown to result in the reduction of frequency dispersion in capacitors and greatly improved performance in III-V based devices.
A Thick-Film Hybrid Laser Target Board (1980)

The concept and feasibility of a thick-film thermistor array laser target board is presented. Laser detector concepts are reviewed, and the justification for using a thick-film hybrid array is given. The design concepts and theoretically predicted performance are presented, and experimental results are compared to predictions. The hybrid approach is believed capable of producing a practical laser target board that is fast, reliable, inexpensive, and portable.
Feulgen reaction study of novel threadlike structures (Bonghan ducts) on the surfaces of mammalian organs (2005)

Threadlike structures on the surfaces of internal organs, which are thought to be part of the Bonghan duct system, were first reported about 40 years ago, but have been largely ignored since then. Recently, they were rediscovered, and in this study we discuss the Feulgen reaction that specifically stains DNA in order to identify these structures on the surface of rabbit livers as part of the Bonghan system. The distribution, shapes, and sizes of their nuclei are found to be similar to those of intravascular threadlike structures. The endothelial nuclei are rod-shaped, 10-20 mum long, and aligned in a broken-line striped fashion. The threadlike structure consists of a bundle of several subducts, which is a characteristic feature of Bonghan ducts and distinguishes them morphologically from lymphatic vessels. In addition, the Feulgen reaction clearly demonstrates that the subducts pass through a corpuscle, which is usually irregular or oval-shaped and is connected to two or several threadlike structures that form a web on the surfaces of organs. Furthermore, spherical granules of about 1 mum in diameter are detected in the subducts. These granules were well stained by using the Feulgen reaction, which implies that they contain DNA. According to previous reports, a granule is a type of microcell and plays an essential role in the physiology and therapeutic effect of the Bonghan system and acupuncture. This role has yet to be elucidated.
Bioaccumulation Potential of 4‘‘-<i>epi</i>-(Methylamino)-4‘‘-deoxyavermectin B1a Benzoate (Emamectin Benzoate) in Bluegill Sunfish (1996)

Rapid uptake of [5-3H]MAB1a by bluegill was observed under flow-through aqueous conditions, attaining steady-state concentration by about 21 and 10 days, respectively, in whole fish and viscera. Uptake by fillet was, by comparison, much lower, and steady state was not attained by 28 days. Residue levels on the final exposure day (i.e., day 28) were 90, 40, and 128 μg/kg, respectively, in whole fish, fillet, and viscera. Following 14 days of depuration, these residue levels all declined by about 90%. The steady-state bioconcentration factors for whole fish, fillet, and viscera were 80, 30, and 116, respectively, indicating that emamectin benzoate will neither bioconcentrate in individual aquatic organisms nor biomagnify in the food chain. Analysis of 28-day-exposed fish by HPLC showed that the only significant metabolite was the N-demethylated derivative, comprising about 14% and 9%, respectively, of total residues in fillet and viscera, while parent emamectin benzoate was about 63% and 49%, respectively. Keywords: Avermectin; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration; HPLC; biomagnification; bluegill sunfish; emamectin benzoate; metabolism
Interactive graphics package for human engineering and layout of vehicle workspace (1976)

The problem of vehicle workspace design is solved by use of an interactive graphics package. The package consists of an optimization programme (WOLAP), a biokinematic - anthropometric model and the use of a 3-D graphics display system. It is hoped that by use of this package the designer would have a more comprehensive tool by which to design and configure both the basic dimensions of workspaces for seated operators and the required controls and displays therein.
Simultaneous checking of completeness and ground confluence (2000)

Algebraic specifications provide a powerful method for the specification of abstract data types in programming languages and software systems. Completeness and ground confluence are fundamental notions for building algebraic specifications in a correct and modular way. In this paper, we present a procedure for simultaneously checking completeness and ground confluence for specifications with free/non-free constructors and parameterized specifications. If the specification is not complete or not ground-confluent, then our procedure outputs the set of patterns on whose ground instances a function is not defined and it can easily identify the rules that break ground confluence. Our procedure is complete and always terminates under the assumption of an oracle for deciding (joinable) inductive properties. In contrast to previous work, our method does not rely on completion techniques and does not require the computation of critical pairs of axioms. The method has been implemented in the prover SPIKE. This system has allowed us to prove the completeness and the ground confluence of many specifications in a completely automatic way, where related techniques diverge or generate very complex proofs.
A fungicidal piperazine-1-carboxamidine induces mitochondrial fission-dependent apoptosis in yeast (2010)

To unravel the working mechanism of the fungicidal piperazine-1-carboxamidine derivative BAR0329, we found that its intracellular accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on functional lipid rafts. Moreover, BAR0329 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in yeast, in which the mitochondrial fission machinery consisting of Fis1 (Whi2), Dnm1 and Mdv1 is involved. Our data are consistent with a prosurvival function of Fis1 (Whi2) and a proapoptotic function of Dnm1 and Mdv1 during BAR0329-induced yeast cell death.
Organic solar cells with solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes (2008)

We demonstrate that solution-processed graphene thin films can serve as transparent conductive anodes for organic photovoltaic cells. The graphene electrodes were deposited on quartz substrates by spin coating of an aqueous dispersion of functionalized graphene, followed by a reduction process to reduce the sheet resistance. Small molecular weight organic solar cells can be directly deposited on such graphene anodes. The short-circuit current and fill factor of these devices on graphene are lower than those of control device on indium tin oxide due to the higher sheet resistance of the graphene films. We anticipate that further optimization of the reduction conditions will improve the performance of these graphene anodes.
How to prevent leaky vessels during reperfusion? Just keep that glycocalyx sealant in place! (2008)

Myocardial edema is a hallmark of ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiac injury. Ischemia-reperfusion has been shown to result in degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx. The glycocalyx is the gel-like mesh of polysaccharide structures and absorped plasma proteins on the luminal side of the vasculature, and in the past decade has been shown to play an important role in protection of the vessel wall, including its barrier properties. Prevention of glycocalyx loss or restoration of a damaged glycocalyx may be a promising therapeutic target during clinical procedures involving ischemia-reperfusion.
First-principles study of He in Si (1992)

We have performed first-principles calculations for He atoms in a Si lattice. From dynamic total-energy minimization we obtain the relaxations of the Si atoms around the impurity and the corresponding total energies. The calculated heat of solution and the diffusion constant of He in Si are in good agreement with experiment. There is a net attraction between two tetrahedral He interstitials, leading to a binding energy of 0.08 eV for He atoms at neighboring interstices. On the other hand, Si vacancies are found not to trap He atoms. The consequences of these results to He-bubble nucleation and growth are discussed.
A Reference Ontology for Bioinformatics: The Foundational Model of Anatomy (2003)

The Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), initially developed as an enhancement of the anatomical content of UMLS, is a domain ontology of the concepts and relationships that pertain to the structural organization of the human body. It encompasses the material objects from the molecular to the macroscopic levels that constitute the body and associates with them nonmaterial entities (spaces, surfaces, lines and points) required for describing structural relationships. The disciplined modeling approach employed for the development of the FMA relies on a set of declared principles, high level schemes, Aristotelian definitions and a frame-based authoring environment. We propose the FMA as a reference ontology in biomedical informatics for correlating different views of anatomy, aligning existing and emerging ontologies in bioinformatics and providing a structure-based template for representing biological functions.
Influenza Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase: Yin–Yang Proteins Coevolving to Thwart Immunity (2019)

Influenza A virions possess two surface glycoproteins-the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)-which exert opposite functions. HA attaches virions to cells by binding to terminal sialic acid residues on glycoproteins/glycolipids to initiate the infectious cycle, while NA cleaves terminal sialic acids, releasing virions to complete the infectious cycle. Antibodies specific for HA or NA can protect experimental animals from IAV pathogenesis and drive antigenic variation in their target epitopes that impairs vaccine effectiveness in humans. Here, we review progress in understanding HA/NA co-evolution as each acquires epistatic mutations to restore viral fitness to mutants selected in the other protein by host innate or adaptive immune pressure. We also discuss recent exciting findings that antibodies to HA can function in vivo by blocking NA enzyme activity to prevent nascent virion release and enhance Fc receptor-based activation of innate immune cells.
The Structure and Properties of HDPE/EAA-Hydrotalcite Master Batch Nanocomposites (2012)

The High-density polyethylene (HDPE) / the ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) - layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending with EAA)/ LDH master batch; and the structure and properties of this nanocomposite were studied. The results showed that the EAA acted as an effective compatibilizer for the nanocomposites can enhance the interfacial adhesion between LDH and HDPE obviously, promote the dispersion of LDH in the matrix, increase both the tensile strength and toughness of nanocomposites, and improve the thermal stability and delay the onset decomposition temperature of nanocomposites.