gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Parallelization of Equation-Based Simulation Programs (2006)

Modern equation-based object-oriented modeling languages which have emerged during the past decades make it easier to build models of large and complex systems. The increasing size and complexity of modeled systems requires high performance execution of the simulation code derived from such models. More efficient compilation and code optimization techniques can help to some extent. However, a number of heavy-duty simulation applications require the use of high performance parallel computers in order to obtain acceptable execution times. Unfortunately, the possible additional performance offered by parallel computer architectures requires the simulation program to be expressed in a way that makes the potential parallelism accessible to the parallel computer. Manual parallelization of computer programs is generally a tedious and error prone process. Therefore, it would be very attractive to achieve automatic parallelization of simulation programs. This thesis presents solutions to the research problem of finding practically usable methods for automatic parallelization of simulation codes produced from models in typical equationbased object-oriented languages. The methods have been implemented in a tool to automatically translate models in the Modelica modeling language to parallel codes which can be efficiently executed on parallel computers. The tool has been evaluated on several application models. The research problem includes the problem of how to extract a sufficient amount of parallelism from equations represented in the form of a data dependency graph (task graph), requiring analysis of the code at a level as detailed as individual expressions. Moreover, efficient clustering algorithms for building clusters of tasks from the task graph are also required. One of the major contributions of this thesis work is a new approach for merging fine-grained tasks by using a graph rewrite system. Results from using this method show that it is efficient in merging task graphs, thereby decreasing their size, while still retaining a reasonable amount of parallelism. Moreover, the new task-merging approach is generally applicable to programs which can be represented as static (or almost static) task graphs, not only to code from equation-based models. An early prototype called DSBPart was developed to perform parallelization of codes produced by the Dymola tool. The final research prototype is the ModPar tool which is part of the OpenModelica framework. Results from using the DSBpart and ModPar tools show that the amount of parallelism of complex models varies substantially between different application models, and in some cases can produce reasonable speedups. Also, different optimization techniques used on the system of equations from a model affect the amount of parallelism of the model and thus influence how much is gained by parallelization.
A Novel Inhibitor of Ceramide Trafficking from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Site of Sphingomyelin Synthesis (2001)

Ceramide produced at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is transported to the lumen of the Golgi apparatus for conversion to sphingomyelin (SM). N-(3-Hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl)dodecanamide (HPA-12) is a novel analog of ceramide. Metabolic labeling experiments showed that HPA-12 inhibits conversion of ceramide to SM, but not to glucosylceramide, in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cultivation of cells with HPA-12 significantly reduced the content of SM. HPA-12 did not inhibit the activity of SM synthase. The inhibition of SM formation by HPA-12 was abrogated when the Golgi apparatus was made to merge with the ER by brefeldin A. Moreover, HPA-12 inhibited redistribution of a fluorescent analog of ceramide, N-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoyl)-d-erythro-sphingosine (C(5)-DMB-Cer), from intracellular membranes to the Golgi region. Among four stereoisomers of the drug, (1R,3S)-HPA-12, [corrected] which resembles natural ceramide stereochemically, was found to be the most active, although (1R,3S)-HPA-12 [corrected] did not affect ER-to-Golgi trafficking of protein. Interestingly, (1R,3S)-HPA-12 [corrected] inhibited conversion of ceramide to SM little in mutant cells defective in an ATP- and cytosol-dependent pathway of ceramide transport. These results indicated that (1R,3S)-HPA-12 [corrected] inhibits ceramide trafficking from the ER to the site of SM synthesis, possibly due to an antagonistic interaction with a ceramide-recognizing factor(s) involved in the ATP- and cytosol-dependent pathway.
Characterization of gas condensate mixtures (1988)

Simulation of the phase behavior of gas condensate mixtures is a severe test of the employed equation of state and of the C/sub 7+/ - characterization procedure. This paper presents experimental and calculated results for the phase behavior of different gas condensate mixtures, one of which is near critical reservoir conditions. The calculations are based on the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. For the plus-fraction a continuous logarithmic dependence is assumed for the mole fraction against carbon number. The critical properties of the C/sub 7+/-fractions are calculated directly from measured physical properties of the fractions (molecular weight and density). The procedure is fully predictive. Accurate results are obtained for the phase properties and for the phase compositions. The model may be used successfully also for heavy oil mixtures. It is shown that deviations between the measured and calculated results often can be related to inaccuracies of the data related to the composition in particular of the results for the molecular weight of the plus fraction.
Binding of matrix attachment regions to lamin polymers involves single-stranded regions and the minor groove. (1994)

Chromatin in eukaryotic nuclei is thought to be partitioned into functional loop domains that are generated by the binding of defined DNA sequences, named MARs (matrix attachment regions), to the nuclear matrix. We have previously identified B-type lamins as MAR-binding matrix components (M. E. E. Ludérus, A. de Graaf, E. Mattia, J. L. den Blaauwen, M. A. Grande, L. de Jong, and R. van Driel, Cell 70:949-959, 1992). Here we show that A-type lamins and the structurally related proteins desmin and NuMA also specifically bind MARs in vitro. We studied the interaction between MARs and lamin polymers in molecular detail and found that the interaction is saturable, of high affinity, and evolutionarily conserved. Competition studies revealed the existence of two different types of interaction related to different structural features of MARs: one involving the minor groove of double-stranded MAR DNA and one involving single-stranded regions. We obtained similar results for the interaction of MARs with intact nuclear matrices from rat liver. A model in which the interaction of nuclear matrix proteins with single-stranded MAR regions serves to stabilize the transcriptionally active state of chromatin is discussed.
COL1A1 Transgene Expression in Stably Transfected Osteoblastic Cells (1997)

Collagen reporter gene constructs have be used to identify cell-specific sequences needed for transcriptional activation. The elements required for endogenous levels of COL1A1 expression, however, have not been elucidated. The human COL1A1 minigene is expressed at high levels and likely harbors sequence elements required for endogenous levels of activity. Using stably transfected osteoblastic Py1a cells, we studied a series of constructs (pOBColCAT) designed to characterize further the elements required for high level of expression. pOBColCAT, which contains the COL1A1 first intron, was expressed at 50-100-fold higher levels than ColCAT 3.6, which lacks the first intron. This difference is best explained by improved mRNA processing rather than a transcriptional effect. Furthermore, variation in activity observed with the intron deletion constructs is best explained by altered mRNA splicing. Two major regions of the human COL1A1 minigene, the 3'-flanking sequences and the minigene body, were introduced into pOBColCAT to assess both transcriptional enhancing activity and the effect on mRNA stability. Analysis of the minigene body, which includes the first five exons and introns fused with the terminal six introns and exons, revealed an orientation-independent 5-fold increase in CAT activity. In contrast the 3'-flanking sequences gave rise to a modest 61% increase in CAT activity. Neither region increased the mRNA half-life of the parent construct, suggesting that CAT-specific mRNA instability elements may serve as dominant negative regulators of stability. This study suggests that other sites within the body of the COL1A1 minigene are important for high expression, e.g. during periods of rapid extracellular matrix production.
Genetic alterations accumulate during cervical tumorigenesis and indicate a common origin for multifocal lesions. (1997)

Carcinomas of the uterine cervix are thought to arise from preinvasive dysplastic lesions, termed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), grades I-III. Patients may present clinically with two or more distinct lesions of differing histological severity; however, the genesis of these multifocal lesions is unknown. Despite infection with high-risk human papilloma virus subtypes, which is a major etiological factor in disease pathogenesis, only a small and unpredictable number of dysplastic lesions progress to invasive cancer. Several lines of evidence suggest that additional somatic events, such as tumor suppressor gene inactivation, are required for malignant transformation. In support of this, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses of invasive cervical carcinomas have identified several chromosomal arms likely to harbor tumor suppressor genes, of which regions on 3p, 4p, 4q, and 11q have been validated extensively. To evaluate the potential role of tumor suppressor gene inactivation in dysplastic progression, loci distributed on these four chromosomal regions were assessed for LOH in 42 CIN lesions of varying histological grade obtained from 17 patients. Analysis of at least 16 microsatellite loci in each lesion revealed allelic losses involving one or more of these chromosomal regions in 0% of CIN I lesions; 25% of CIN II lesions; and 88% of CIN III lesions, with 41% of CIN III lesions exhibiting LOH for three or more chromosomal regions. In addition, where LOH was scored for the same locus at a particular chromosomal region in all of the multiple lesions from a single patient, the same allele was lost at each locus, without exception. Statistical analysis of these allele-specific losses strongly suggests that topologically distinct lesions are related and likely arise from a common precursor cell.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy After Localized Breast Cancer: Clinical Outcome of 319 Women Followed Prospectively (1999)

ERT does not seem to increase breast cancer events in this subset of patients previously treated for localized breast cancer. Results of randomized trials are needed before any changes in current standards of care can be proposed.
High H1N1 prevalence and mortality rates a concern (2014)

Type A (H1N1) influenza, the most common flu virus in Canada this year, has a higher than anticipated mortality rate causing some experts to wonder if it’s virulence has increased. The worrisome factor at this point “is the reported mortality rate in Alberta,” says Dr. Pierre Lebel, an
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, a less sensitive explosive (1987)

Abstract A new, less sensitive explosive has been prepared and subjected to preliminary characterization tests. The compound, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) has a crystal density of 1.93 g/cm3 and calculated detonation velocity and pressure equivalent to those of RDX. Results from initial small-scale sensitivity tests indicate that NTO is less sensitive than RDX and HMX in all respects. A 4.13-cm-diam, unconfined plate-dent test at 92% of crystal density gave the detonation pressure predicted for NTO by the BKW calculation. Finally, NTO can be prepared in high yield from inexpensive starting materials.
Selective extraction of oxygenates from savory and peppermint using subcritical water (2001)

The yields of oxygenated and non-oxygenated flavour and fragrance compounds from savory (Satureja hortensis) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) were compared using subcritical water extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) and hydrodistillation. Extraction rates with subcritical water increased with temperature (100–175 °C), but some desired organics (linalool and γ-terpinene) showed substantial degradation at temperatures >150 °C. However, subcritical water did not expose extracted compounds to atmospheric oxygen (as occurs in hydrodistillation) and thus may avoid the degradation of compounds like thymoquinone. Extraction of savory with subcritical water at 100 °C for 40 min gave ca. 100% recoveries (compared to hydrodistillation) for thymol and carvacrol, and >150% recoveries of borneol and linalool. Recoveries with 60 min of SFE (pure CO2 at 400 bar and 50 °C) were similar to hydrodistillation for borneol and linalool, but only ca. 50% for thymol and carvacrol. For peppermint, 30 min (at 150 °C) or 12 min (at 175 °C) of subcritical water extraction and 1 h of SFE gave good quantitative agreement with 4 h of hydrodistillation for carvone, pulegone, piperitone, eucalyptol, menthone, neomenthol and menthol, but the short subcritical water extractions only recovered ca. 40% of the less polar menthyl acetate. Subcritical water preferentially extracts more polar (oxygenated) flavour compounds, and ca. 80% extraction of oxygenated flavour compounds could be achieved under conditions which only extracted ca. 10–15% of the monoterpenes and <5% of the sesquiterpenes. In contrast, SFE had the lowest degree of selectivity and SFE extracts included plant alkane waxes as well as the same flavour compounds recovered by hydrodistillation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceleration of Postmortem Tenderization in Ovine Carcasses Through Infusion of Calcium Chloride: Effect of Concentration and Ionic Strength (1989)

Ovine carcasses were arterially infused with a volume equal to 10% of the live weight after electrical stimulation. The infusion solutions contained .075 M, .15 M or .3 M calcium chloride. Results indicated that .3 M calcium chloride treatment was the most effective concentration of CaCl2 to reduce the shear force value measured at 24 h postmortem. To examine the contribution of ionic strength to tenderization that occurs by infusion of carcasses with .3 M CaCl2, ovine carcasses were infused with CaCl2 and NaCl solutions of identical ionic strength. Results indicated that the tenderization that occurred by infusion of carcasses with CaCl2 was not due to ionic strength of the CaCl2 solution. Results also indicated that, compared to control animals, NaCl-infused carcasses were more tender after 6 d of postmortem storage (but not after 1 d, as observed with CaCl2-infused carcasses). Evidence is presented that indicates that activation of calcium-dependent proteases could be responsible for the observed tenderization (reduction in shear force) due to infusion of ovine carcasses with CaCl2.
A Brassica Self-Incompatibility Gene Is Expressed in the Stylar Transmitting Tissue of Transgenic Tobacco. (1990)

Tobacco was transformed with a gene coding for an S-locus-specific glycoprotein of Brassica oleracea. The resulting transgenic plants showed tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of the introduced gene. Immunolocalization experiments showed that the Brassica gene was expressed in the stylar transmitting tissue of the transgenic plants. The pattern of expression of the introduced gene was more similar to that of the S-associated genes of Nicotiana alata than to expression in Brassica. Self-incompatibility was not conferred by the introduced gene.
Log File Categorization and Anomaly Analysis Using Grammar Inference (2008)

In the information age of today, vast amounts of sensitive and confidential data is exchanged over an array of different mediums.Accompanied with this phenomenon is a comparable increase in the number and types of attacks to acquire this information.Information security and data consistency have hence, become quintessentially important.Log file analysis has proven to be a good defense mechanism as logs provide an accessible record of network activities in the form of server generated messages.However, manual analysis is tedious and prohibitively time consuming.Traditional log analysis techniques, based on pattern matching and data mining approaches, are ad hoc and cannot readily adapt to different kinds of log files.The goal of this research is to explore the use of grammar inference for log file analysis in order to build a more adaptive, flexible and generic method for message categorization, anomaly detection and reporting.The grammar inference process employs robust parsing, islands grammars and source transformation techniques.We test the system by using three different kinds of log file training sets as input and infer a grammar and generate message categories for each set.We detect anomalous messages in new log files using the inferred grammar as a catalog of valid traces and present a reporting program to extract the instances of specified message categories from the log files.
Wearable scanning laser projector (WSLP) for augmenting shared space (2004)

A novel wearable apparatus was developed for ubiquitous and augmented reality. The head-mounted projection system uses rapidly scanned lasers to display information directly onto any object using the object as a "projection screen". The wearer's augmented vision can be shared by his colleagues, both nearby and in remote locations.
The Content of the Psychological Work Contract for Frontline Police Officers (2012)

Adding to the field of knowledge on the content of the psychological work contract, structured interviews with 35 frontline police officers generated 662 responses relating to the content of the psychological work contract for this employment sector. Analysis of these responses resulted in the development of an initial two-component measure of the contract. One component (17 items) reflected the obligations arising from the promises officers believed the organisation had made to them. The other component (19 items) reflected the obligations arising from the promises officers believed they had made to the organisation. The measure was included in a survey completed by 84 frontline police officers. Factor analysis revealed two factors in each component. For the organisation's obligations component, one factor reflected obligations related more to the organisational environment, whereas the other factor reflected obligations related more to the job environment. For the employee's obligations component, one factor reflected obligations related more to behaviours on the job, whereas the other factor reflected obligations related more to the pursuit of development opportunities. The nature of the relationships that emerged between the psychological contract and the nomological network variables included in the study provide strong support for the validity of this measure of the psychological contract.
Silica Gel as a Catalyst for the Condensations of Aromatic Compounds with RSCl, RSCH<sub>2</sub>Cl and S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (1975)

Abstract In our recent communication1 it was reported that sulfuryl chloride reacts with alkylbenzenes to give exclussively nuclear chlorination products even in the presence of peroxides, if a little amount of silica gel is added to the reaction mixture. In this report we wish to communicate reactions of sulfenyl chlorides, chloromethyl sulfides, sulfur chloride and thionyl chloride toward aromatic compounds in the presence of silica gel.
The Digraph Real-Time Task Model (2011)

Models for real-time systems have to balance the inherently contradicting goals of expressiveness and analysis efficiency. Current task models with tractable feasibility tests have limited expressiveness, restricting their ability to model many systems accurately. In particular, they are all recurrent, preventing the modeling of structures like mode switches, local loops, etc. In this paper, we advance the state-of-the-art with a model that is free from these constraints. Our proposed task model is based on arbitrary directed graphs (digraphs) for job releases. We show that the feasibility problem on preemptive uniprocessors for our model remains tractable. This even holds in the case of task systems with arbitrary deadlines.
Ionic mechanisms of electrical remodeling in human atrial fibrillation (1999)

AF in humans leads to important changes in atrial potassium and calcium currents that likely contribute to the decrease in APD and APD rate adaptation. These changes contribute to electrical remodeling in AF and are therefore important factors for the perpetuation of the arrhythmia.
Utilizing overlay target noise metrics for improved process control (2005)

A method has been developed for calculating the statistical effects of spatial noise on the overlay measurement extracted from a given overlay target. Previously, this metric has been shown to correlate well to the random component of Overlay Mark Fidelity (OMF), and that OMF is a significant contributor to the noise hierarchy. Quantitative diagnostic methods are required in order to assess the capabilities of overlay metrology and provide visibility into root-causes of potential inaccuracies intrinsic in the processing of overlay targets. We explore the use of this target noise metric for improved process control including improved overlay modeling, process fault detection, and process troubleshooting. In this paper we demonstrate the use of this additional metric for multiple layers in a large volume of production data utilizing existing production sampling.
Everything checked out (2013)

Everyday patterns found all around the setting and home are great inspiration for art and craft activities that also help children think about shape and space. This month, Hilary White looks at checks and florals.