gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central role for aldose reductase pathway in myocardial ischemic injury (2004)

Aldose reductase (AR), a member of the aldo-keto reductase family, has been implicated in the development of vascular and neurological complications of diabetes. Recently, we demonstrated that aldose reductase is a component of myocardial ischemic injury and that inhibitors of this enzyme protect rat hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. To rigorously test the effect of aldose reductase on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, we used transgenic mice broadly overexpressing human aldose reductase (ARTg) driven by the major histocompatibility complex I promoter. Hearts from these ARTg or littermate mice (WT) (n=6 in each group) were isolated, perfused under normoxic conditions, then subjected to 50 min of severe low flow ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Creatine kinase (CK) release (a marker of ischemic injury) was measured during reperfusion; left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), end diastolic pressure (EDP), and ATP were measured throughout the protocol. CK release was significantly greater in ARTg mice compared with the WT mice. LVDP recovery was significantly reduced in ARTg mice compared with the WT mice. Furthermore, ATP content was higher in WT mice compared with ARTg mice during ischemia and reperfusion. Infarct size measured by staining techniques and myocardial damage evaluated histologically were also significantly worse in ARTg mice hearts than in controls. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase significantly reduced ischemic injury and improved functional recovery in ARTg mice. These data strongly support key roles for AR in ischemic injury and impairment of functional and metabolic recovery after ischemia. We propose that interventions targeting AR may provide a novel adjunctive approach to protect ischemic myocardium.
Carbonyl halides of the Group VIII transition metals. V. Halocarbonyl derivatives of ruthenium(III) and ruthenium(II) (1971)

Formic acid in the appropriate hydrohalic acid both carbonylates and reduces ruthenium trihalides, but the nature of the products isolated depends upon the identity of the halogen. In the chloro system the first product is the pentachloro-carbonylruthenate(III) ion, [Ru(CO)Cl5]2-, and this is then reduced to the tetra- chlorocarbonylaquoruthenate(II) ion, [Ru(CO)(H2O)Cl4]2-. More prolonged reaction gives [Ru(CO)2Cl4]2- and the ultimate product is [Ru(CO)3Cl3]-. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the bromo system there was no evidence for the formation of an aquo-ruthenium(II) species and the iodo system was even more simple as only [Ru(CO)2I4]2- and [Ru(CO)3I3]- were observed. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The direct reaction between carbon monoxide and RuX3 in methanol produces compounds of the type Ru(CO)X3 (X = Cl, Br) and the corresponding anions [Ru(CO)X5]- have been isolated and characterized. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In all cases the halocarbonyl anions could be isolated by the addition of suitable cations to the solutions. In most cases the parent halocarbonyls themselves were isolated by evaporation of the reaction solution without the addition of cations.
Silicone–Poly(hexylthiophene) Blends as Elastomers with Enhanced Electromechanical Transduction Properties (2008)

Abstract Dielectric elastomers are progressively emerging as one of the best‐performing classes of electroactive polymers for electromechanical transduction. They are used for actuation devices driven by the so‐called Maxwell stress effect. At present, the need for high‐driving electric fields limits the use of these transduction materials in some areas of potential application, especially in the case of biomedical disciplines. A reduction of the driving fields may be achieved with new elastomers offering intrinsically superior electromechanical properties. So far, most attempts in this direction have been focused on the development of composites between elastomer matrixes and high‐permittivity ceramic fillers, yielding limited results. In this work, a different approach was adopted for increasing the electromechanical response of a common type of dielectric elastomer. The technique consisted in blending, rather than loading, the elastomer (poly(dimethylsiloxane)) with a highly polarizable conjugated polymer (undoped poly(3‐hexylthiophene)). The resulting material was characterised by dielectric spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile mechanical analysis, and electromechanical transduction tests. Very low percentages (1–6 wt %) of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) yielded both an increase of the relative dielectric permittivity and an unexpected reduction of the tensile elastic modulus. Both these factors synergetically contributed to a remarkable increase of the electromechanical response, which reached a maximum at 1 wt % content of conjugated polymer. Estimations based on a simple linear model were compared with the experimental electromechanical data and a good agreement was found up to 1 wt %. This approach may lead to the development of new types of materials suitable for several types of applications requiring elastomers with improved electromechanical properties.
<title>Statistical inference methods for gene expression arrays</title> (2001)

Gene expression arrays present unique challenges for statistical inference. They typically small number of replicated expression values in array studies make the use of standard parametric statistical tests problematic. Such test have low sensitivity and return potentially inaccurate probability values. This paper describes novel alternative statistical modeling procedures which circumvent these difficulties by pooling random error estimates obtained from replicate expression values. The procedures, which can be used with both micro- and macro-arrays, include outlier detection, confidence intervals, statistical test of differences between conditions, and statistical power analysis for determining number of replicates needed to detect between-condition differences of specified magnitude. The methods are illustrated with experimental data.
Comparative Proteomics of Glycoproteins Based on Lectin Selection and Isotope Coding (2003)

Lectins have been widely used in glycan structure analysis. The studies described here exploit this fact to select glycopeptides carrying disease-associated modifications in their oligosaccharides. Coupling lectin affinity selection with recent advances in stable isotope coding for quantitative proteomics allowed a comparative proteomics method to be developed for examining aberrant glycosylation in cancer. Control and experimental samples were individually tryptic digested and differentially coded with stable isotope coding agents before they were mixed and affinity selected with a lectin affinity chromatography column. Glycopeptides carrying an alpha-L-fucose residue were selected with Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA) immobilized on a chromatography matrix. Because the oligosaccharides of glycoproteins are generally heterogeneous and often of unknown structure, it was necessary to deglycosylate the selected peptides with PNGase F before they could be compared to sequences in DNA and protein databases. After deglycosylated peptides were transferred to a reversed phase chromatography (RPC) column and fractionated by gradient elution with increasing amounts of acetonitrile. The RPC fractions were then analyzed by both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). When this method was applied to a study of lymphosarcoma in canines, it was found that during chemotherapy, a series of fucosylated proteins in the blood of patients decreased in concentration more than 2-fold. Two of the proteins identified, CD44 and E-selectin, are known to be involved in cell adhesion and cancer cell migration. The observed aberrant fucosylation of these proteins is consistent with the hypothesis that CD44 and E-selectin play a key role in metastasis and the spread of cancer cells to remote sites.
Local Structure and Xenon Adsorption Behavior of Metal−Organic Framework System [M<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CPh)<sub>4</sub>(pyz)]<i><sub>n</sub></i> (M = Rh and Cu) As Studied with Use of Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction, Adsorption Isotherm, and Xenon-129 NMR (2007)

The local structure and xenon adsorption behavior of a metal−organic framework system [M(II)2(bza)4(pyz)]n (bza and pyz = benzoate and pyrazine, M = Rh (1a) and Cu (1b)) were investigated by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, xenon adsorption isotherm, and 129Xe NMR measurements. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that rare gas atoms were accommodated in a one-dimensional (1D) nanochannel with the dimer structure. Xenon adsorption reached saturation at the xenon uptake of 1.93 Xe per molecular unit in 1a and of 1.85 Xe in 1b, suggesting accommodation of two Xe atoms per host formula unit. Analysis of the xenon adsorption isotherm based on the Fowler−Guggenheim equation gave the xenon−xenon interaction and the isosteric heat of adsorption. The 129Xe NMR spectrum suggested that the environment of the adsorption site for xenon in 1a is very tight and anisotropic. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the 129Xe chemical shift was explained by using xenon loading, supporting the xenon dimer as the local structure of xenon in 1a. These aspects revealed that cooperative adsorption of xenon to 1a and 1b occurs according to the xenon−xenon interaction. Xenon is stabilized in the nanochannel through formation of a dimer structure.
Triangular cells in an electromagnetic analysis of arbitrary microstrip circuits (2002)

A description is given of an enhancement to an electromagnetic analysis of arbitrary microstrip circuits which allow the inclusion of triangular, as well as rectangular, cells. A relatively simple solution for this potentially extremely complicated problem is provided. It is also shown that triangular cells are required for accurately analyzing microstrip geometries involving diagonal edges. In addition, a simple means of applying the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform, resulting in a faster analysis, is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D seismic residual statics solutions derived from refraction interferometry (2017)

ABSTRACT We apply interferometric theory to solve a three‐dimensional seismic residual statics problem to improve reflection imaging. The approach calculates the static solutions without picking the first arrivals from the shot or receiver gathers. The static correction accuracy can be significantly improved by utilising stacked virtual refraction gathers in the calculations. Shots and receivers may be placed at any position in a three‐dimensional seismic land survey. Therefore, it is difficult to determine stationary shots and receivers to form the virtual refraction traces that have identical arrival times, as in a two‐dimensional scenario. To overcome this problem, we use a three‐dimensional super‐virtual interferometry method for residual static calculations. The virtual refraction for a stationary shot/receiver pair is obtained via an integral along the receiver/shot lines, which does not require knowledge of the stationary locations. We pick the maximum energy times on the interferometric stacks and solve a set of linear equations to derive reliable residual static solutions. We further apply the approach to both synthetic and real data.
Interactions and regulation of molecular motors in <i>Xenopus</i> melanophores (2002)

Many cellular components are transported using a combination of the actin- and microtubule-based transport systems. However, how these two systems work together to allow well-regulated transport is not clearly understood. We investigate this question in the Xenopus melanophore model system, where three motors, kinesin II, cytoplasmic dynein, and myosin V, drive aggregation or dispersion of pigment organelles called melanosomes. During dispersion, myosin V functions as a "molecular ratchet" to increase outward transport by selectively terminating dynein-driven minus end runs. We show that there is a continual tug-of-war between the actin and microtubule transport systems, but the microtubule motors kinesin II and dynein are likely coordinated. Finally, we find that the transition from dispersion to aggregation increases dynein-mediated motion, decreases myosin V--mediated motion, and does not change kinesin II--dependent motion. Down-regulation of myosin V contributes to aggregation by impairing its ability to effectively compete with movement along microtubules.
Synthesis of Nanosize Powders and Thin Films of Yb-Doped YAG by Sol−Gel Methods (2003)

Yb-doped YAG is becoming a very promising optical material. We present a synthesis of single-phase Yb-doped YAG powders and thin films at a significantly lower temperature by sol−gel methods than by other conventional techniques. Yb-doped YAG powders and thin films on Si(100) substrates with a series of different doping concentrations were prepared. The lattice deformation, IR, and Raman vibrations were studied via the change of the doped concentration. This could be one of the reasons why, in general, about 20 atomic % Yb:YAG presents the better laser and scintillation properties. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphology of the structures. A strong preferred orientation of crystal growth in thin films was found during the conversion of the structure from amorphous to crystalline. The Avrami model was used to analyze the isothermal transformation kinetics. On the basis of the experimental results, the effective activation energy of crystallization in the thin films was calculated as 653 ± 10 kJ/mol.
Term Weighting Schemes for Question Categorization (2010)

Term weighting has proven to be an effective way to improve the performance of text categorization. Very recently, with the development of user-interactive question answering or community question answering, there has emerged a need to accurately categorize questions into predefined categories. However, as a question is usually a piece of short text, can the existing term-weighting methods perform consistently in question categorization as they do in text categorization? The answer is not clear, since to the best of our knowledge, we have not seen any work related to this problem despite of its significance. In this study, we investigate the popular unsupervised and supervised term-weighting methods for question categorization. At the same time, we propose three new supervised term-weighting methods, namely, qf*icf, iqf*qf*icf, and vrf. Comparisons of them with existing unsupervised and supervised term-weighting methods are made through a series of experiments on question collections of Yahoo! Answers. The experimental results show that iqf*qf*icf achieves the best performance among all term-weighting methods, while qf*icf and vrf are also competitive for question categorization. Meanwhile, tf*OR is proven to be the most significant one among existing methods. In addition, iqf*qf*icf and vrf are also effective for long document categorization.
Natural history of acute upper <scp>GI</scp> bleeding due to tumours: short‐term success and long‐term recurrence with or without endoscopic therapy (2013)

Patients presenting with tumour-associated UGIB have substantial blood loss, with three-quarters requiring transfusion at presentation. Initial haemostasis occurs in almost all patients, with or without endoscopic therapy, but rebleeding requiring repeat hospitalisation occurs in approximately half the patients and is more common in patients who are ≤60 years of age and have haemodynamic instability at presentation.
Atmospheric Pressure MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using In-Line Plasma Induced Postionization (2020)

Atmospheric pressure ionization methods confer a number of advantages over more traditional vacuum based techniques, in particular ease of hyphenation to a range of mass spectrometers. For atmospheric pressure matrix assisted desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI), several ion sources, operating in a range of geometries have been reported. Most of these platforms have, to date, generally demonstrated relatively low ion yields and/or poor ion transmission compared to vacuum sources. To improve the detection of certain ions, we have developed a second-generation transmission mode (TM) AP-MALDI imaging platform with in-line plasma postionization using the commercially available SICRIT device, replacing the previously used low temperature plasma probe from our developmental AP-TM-MALDI stage. Both plasma devices produce a significant ionization enhancement for a range of compounds, but the overall higher enhancement obtained by the SICRIT device in addition to the ease of installation and the minimal need for optimization presents this commercially available tool as an attractive method for simple postionization in AP-MALDI MSI.
Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity by acivicin in vivo protects the kidney from cisplatin-induced toxicity. (1994)

Cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)] is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that is toxic to the proximal tubule cells of the kidney. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is localized to the luminal surface of the renal proximal tubules. GGT catalyzes the initial step in the metabolism of glutathione-conjugated drugs to mercapturic acids, some of which are severely nephrotoxic. We proposed that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin was dependent on the cleavage of a cisplatin-glutathione conjugate by GGT. To test this hypothesis, renal GGT activity was blocked in male Sprague-Dawley rats by acivicin, a non-competitive inhibitor of GGT. Treatment with cisplatin alone caused extensive acute necrosis of the proximal tubules, but the proximal tubule cells appeared normal in rats treated with acivicin prior to cisplatin. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels confirmed the protective effect of acivicin. Glutathione is a physiological substrate for GGT. Administration of an 83-fold excess of glutathione 30 min prior to cisplatin also inhibited cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. These data provide important new evidence that a large bolus of glutathione blocks the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin by competitively inhibiting GGT. These results indicate that cisplatin is conjugated to glutathione in vivo. The platinum-glutathione conjugate is nontoxic until metabolized by the proximal tubule cells. Formation of the nephrotoxic derivative of cisplatin requires GGT activity.
Noise-predictive maximum-likelihood method combined with infinite impulse response equalization (1999)

An infinite impulse response (IIR) can closely approximate the high density magnetic recording channel response with only a single pole and a small number of zeros. As a consequence, a near-optimal performance can be achieved with the Viterbi algorithm (VA) incorporating a single-tap noise predictor. The number of states in the VA trellis is determined by the number of zeros used in the IIR modeling of the channel response. The single noise-predictor tap corresponds to the single pole in the IIR model. The overall complexity for a given level of performance is smaller with this approach than with the noise-predictive maximum-likelihood (NPML) method based on conventional partial response equalization.
Telephone Listening Ability for Hearing-Impaired Individuals (1984)

Forty-five subjects with bilateral sensorineural hearing losses were divided into three groups (N = 15/group) based on the audiometric configuration of their test ear. The subjects were evaluated in three listening conditions by assessing their word discrimination ability by presenting stimuli at 86 dB SPL (simulating the output of a standard telephone handset ) and most comfortable loudness (MCL) (simulating the output of a telephone amplifier handset ). The three listening conditions were TDH-39 earphone, unaided telephone, and aided telephone with their personal hearing aid acoustically coupled to a telephone handset . Results indicated that subjects with precipitous hearing losses had similar word discrimination scores for all three listening conditions at 86 dB SPL and MCL. Subjects with gradual slope or flat hearing losses had similar word discrimination scores with a TDH-39 earphone, unaided telephone, and their hearing aids acoustically coupled to a telephone handset at 86 dB SPL. The subjects with gradual slope or flat losses also had similar word discrimination scores across the listening modes at MCL, but they had better word discrimination scores in all listening modes when the word lists were presented at MCL compared with 86 dB SPL.
Electroplating with Cobalt. (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroplating with Cobalt.Herbert T. Kalmus, C. H. Harper, and W. L. SavellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1915, 7, 5, 379–399Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50077a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50077a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gas Sensing Based on Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy (2008)

Odor detection with high reliability and selectivity is increasingly in demand in several fields, including defense, homeland security, clinical diagnosis, and air monitoring. Poor selectivity and reliability of existing gas sensor technology has been a major impediment in the development of a versatile odor detector. This work describes a new gas sensor technology based on inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) that may be able to identify gas molecules based on chemical bonds. The IETS responses of metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions were measured at 77 and 300 K and the results suggest the potential of gas detection with ppm sensitivity. Despite thermal broadening, IETS peaks can be analyzed for room temperature gas identification.
The Planetary Data System Web catalog interface-another use of the Planetary Data System Data Model (2002)

The Planetary Data System (PDS) Data Model was presented at the Twelfth IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems. This data model is used to represent the metadata that describes entities within the planetary science community such as data sets, spacecraft, and targets, as well as the archive data products produced by the PDS such as images, spectra, series, and qubes. The paper describes a new use for the PDS Data Model, that of a source for generating Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) documents for access through World Wide Web (WWW) clients such as NCSA's Mosaic. The PDS data set catalog, CD-ROM jukebox volume inventories, and the Planetary Science Data Dictionary are now represented in HTML and have been put on line for access via the Internet. This new interface has caused the number of users of the PDS data set catalog and requests for information to increase dramatically. In addition, new users in the educational community, at both the high school and university levels, have been added.