gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medial Perforant Path Inhibition Mediated by mGluR7 Is Reduced After Status Epilepticus (2004)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated inhibition within the dentate gyrus is altered after epilepsy. Whether these changes occur during the developmental period of the disease (i.e., the latent period) has not yet been investigated. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the lateral (LPP) and medial perforant path (MPP) simultaneously in adult mouse hippocampal slices 3-9 days after pilocarpine (PILO)-induced status epilepticus. Genetically manipulated mice (mGluR8 knockout and mGluR4/8 double knockout) and pharmacologically selective agonists were used to identify specific mGluR subtypes affected after PILO. Pharmacological activation of mGluR7 by L-AP4 in both wild-type and mGluR4/8 double knockout mice selectively reduced fEPSPs in the MPP, but not LPP, and this level of inhibition was significantly reduced 3-9 days after PILO-induced SE. Activation of mGluR2/3 reversibly depressed the fEPSP slopes in both the MPP and LPP, but no alterations were noted after PILO. mGluR8 activation selectively inhibited evoked responses in the LPP, but not in the MPP, and this level of inhibition did not change after PILO treatment. These data suggest that reduced presynaptic inhibition mediated by mGluR7, but not mGluR2/3 or mGluR8, may play a role during the latent period in generating hyperexcitability in the dentate and thereby contribute to epileptogenesis.
A novel tulip‐shaped monopole antenna for UWB applications (2005)

Abstract A novel planar monopole antenna designed with tulip‐shaped structure is proposed for UWB applications. The corolla of tulip‐shaped structure is constructed with petal and calyx by the EM‐mode synthesis. By tuning the petal structure, wideband performance covering 2.55 to 40.5 GHz (1:16) with −10‐dB return loss is measured. The radiation patterns are omnidirectional patterns. Antenna gain is 0.2 to 4.0 dBi in the operating range. The current distributions are simulated for demonstration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 307–312, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21334
Immunogenicity and immune modulatory effects of in silico predicted <i>L. donovani</i> candidate peptide vaccines (2012)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious parasitic disease for which control measures are limited and drug resistance is increasing. First and second generation vaccine candidates have not been successful. The goal of the present study was to select possibly immunogenic L. donovani donovani GP63 peptides using immunoinformatics tools and to test their immunogenicity in vitro. The amino acid sequence of L. donovani donovani GP63 [GenBank accession: ACT31401] was screened using the EpiMatrix algorithm for putative T cell epitopes that would bind to the most common HLA class II alleles (DRB1*1101 and DRB1*0804) among at-risk populations. Four T cell epitopes were selected from nine potential candidates. Stimulation of whole blood from healthy volunteers using the peptides separately produced mean IFN-γ and IL-4 levels that were not significantly different from negative controls, while the pooled peptides produced a moderate IFN-γ increase in some volunteers. However, mean IL-10 levels were significantly reduced for all individuals compared with controls. The immunogenicity of these epitopes may be harnessed most effectively in a vaccine delivered in combination with immune-modulating adjuvants.
Teleaction services: an overview (1994)

Many large industries are beginning to decide whether they will use simple, low-speed data communications. These low-speed services may be the first data services that most small business and residence customers buy because the market already needs them. As a group, they are called teleaction services. The term teleaction means "acting at a distance." The actions include reading or writing some information to remote locations, or possibly both. Instead of sending a person to set or read some information on a device, it is done remotely via a communications network. This form of data collection is especially useful when coupled with a computer system that could use the data to initiate action. Currently, some of these services have low market penetration. However, the market need for them is real, and potential users consistently express interest in them. The challenge is to be able to deliver them in a cost-effective way. The purpose of the article is to provide a review of these services. The author provides a classification and an overview of current and emerging services with an emphasis on the specific business aspects of each service and each market segment. Then, the business drivers are discussed from the perspectives of the end user, the service provider, and the communications carrier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lookup table partial reconfiguration for an evolvable hardware classifier system (2014)

The evolvable hardware (EHW) paradigm relies on continuous run-time reconfiguration of hardware. When applied on modern FPGAs, the technically challenging reconfiguration process becomes an issue and can be approached at multiple levels. In related work, virtual reconfigurable circuits (VRC), partial reconfiguration, and lookup table (LUT) reconfiguration approaches have been investigated. In this paper, we show how fine-grained partial reconfiguration of 6-input LUTs of modern Xilinx FPGAs can lead to significantly more efficient resource utilization in an EHW application. Neither manual placement nor any proprietary bitstream manipulation is required in the simplest form of the employed method. We specify the goal architecture in VHDL and read out the locations of the automatically placed LUTs for use in an online reconfiguration setting. This allows for an easy and flexible architecture specification, as well as possible implementation improvements over a hand-placed design. For demonstration, we rely on a hardware signal classifier application. Our results show that the proposed approach can fit a classification circuit 4 times larger than an equivalent VRC-based approach, and 6 times larger than a shift register-based approach, in a Xilinx Virtex-5 device. To verify the reconfiguration process, a MicroBlaze-based embedded system is implemented, and reconfiguration is carried out via the Xilinx Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) and driver software.
Wavefront sensor prototype for industrial applications based on a three-level phase grating (1997)

The wavefront sensor is a key component in applications such as adaptive optics, atmospheric turbulence analysis, and flow visualization. A prototype achromatic three-wave lateral-shearing interferometer is described. It is adapted to low-light-level conditions and enables high spatial resolution of the analyzed wavefront. It is essentially based on the use of a specific three-level phase grating.
Delay analysis of the n-ary stack random-access algorithm (1988)

An analysis is presented of the delay performance of the n-ary stack algorithm, an easy-to-implement random-access algorithm that uses collision-no-collision binary feedback and requires only limited feedback sensing by the users. Utilizing the regenerative character of the stochastic processes that are associated with the random-access system, tight upper and lower bounds on the mean packet delay and on the packet delay variance are derived. It is shown that the algorithm with n=3 has the best delay characteristics. Simulation results for the percentiles of the packet delay distribution are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor from mouse lung conditioned medium. Purification of multiple forms and radioiodination (1986)

Four forms of mouse granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were purified 100,000-fold from mouse lung conditioned medium. Each of the CSF species stimulated the formation of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies, and half-maximal stimulation in the semi-solid mouse bone-marrow colony assay occurred at 1 pm. The four GM-CSF species exhibited similar charge microheterogeneity, focusing between pH 4.2 and pH 5.2. On SDS/polyacrylamide gels two of the GM-CSF sub-species had apparent Mr values of 23,000, and the other two, 21, 000. Treatment with neuraminidase decreased the Mr values of these two sets to 21,000 and 19,000 respectively. Incubation with endoglucosidase F decreased the charge heterogeneity and the Mr of all species to 16,500. A gas-phase radioiodination procedure was used to incorporate 2-3 atoms of 125I/molecule into purified GM-CSF without any loss of biological activity. The 125I-labelled GM-CSF was analysed on a microbore reversed-phase h.p.l.c. column to determine its specific radioactivity directly. This 125I-labelled GM-CSF molecule is suitable for cell-surface receptor-binding studies.
Improving QoS by predictive channel quality feedback for LTE (2013)

In Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, the quality of service (QoS) heavily relies on the accurate feedback of channel quality indicator (CQI). However, the time-varying channel and transmission delay make the outdated CQI unreliable. In this work, CQI prediction schemes based on Wiener filter, cubic spline extrapolation and short-term average are studied. The effects of using prediction schemes on data throughput are compared with simulation. A simple adaptation technique is found to make the prediction effective for both high speed and low speed mobile stations.
Comparative<i>in Vitro</i>and<i>in Vivo</i>Studies on the Biological Characteristics of Recombinant Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (1991)

The in vitro and in vivo activities of recombinant human FSH (recFSH) produced by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line were studied and compared with those of natural FSH preparations. The specific FSH activities of recFSH established by immunoassay and in vivo bioassay were greater than 10,000 IU/mg protein and considerably higher than the activities of tested urinary FSH references, while the in vivo bio/immuno ratios of these preparations were not significantly different. Compared to a highly purified pituitary standard (IS 83/575), recFSH had a comparable high specific in vivo bioactivity, but the specific immunoreactivity of IS 83/575 was about 2 times lower. In receptor displacement and in vitro bioassay studies recFSH provided dose-response curves parallel to those of pituitary and urinary FSH references. When equal amounts of immunoreactivity FSH were tested, recFSH and urinary and pituitary FSH displayed comparable activities in both assays. The in vitro bioactivity of recFSH could be neutralized effectively by each of three monoclonal antibodies raised against recFSH (alpha-specific), urinary FSH (beta-specific), and pituitary FSH (alpha beta-specific), respectively. Moreover, 50% inhibition of comparable responses induced by recFSH, urinary "pure" FSH, or pituitary FSH was established by the same amount of monoclonal antibody. These results support the structural and functional similarity of recFSH and natural FSH. To test whether recFSH is capable of inducing LH-specific biological responses, the in vitro induction of testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells was assessed. At least 16 IU recFSH/ml incubate were needed to increase testosterone production, indicating that the intrinsic LH bioactivity of recFSH is negligible (less than 0.025 mIU LH/IU FSH). The in vivo efficacy of recFSH was examined by treating immature female hypophysectomized rats during 4 days with recFSH only or with recFSH supplemented with hCG. RecFSH only treatment increased ovarian weight and aromatase activity in a dose-dependent manner. When recFSH dosages providing submaximal responses were supplemented with 1 IU hCG, both ovarian weight and aromatase activity were largely augmented. Neither recFSH nor urinary pure FSH, administered in a high dose was able to increase plasma estradiol levels, while ovarian weight and aromatase activity were increased to the same extent. However, when recFSH was supplemented with only 0.1 IU hCG, a 3-fold increase in median plasma estradiol levels was obtained. These findings support the two-cell two-gonadotropin theory, holding that both FSH and LH are required for estrogen biosynthesis, but also reveal that only very small amounts of LH activity are sufficient to increase estrogen secretion up to measurable plasma levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multipactor (1988)

After a brief historical review that includes the origin of the term multipactor, a description is given of the several ways in which multipactor manifests itself. The classical analysis of the relation between spacing, frequency, RF voltage, and phase is repeated and extended to give an explicit expression for the saturated power dissipation for the simple two-surface case. Comparisons with three sets of data given in earlier report suggests a +or-3-dB level of accuracy for this expression. Some analysis of the cross-field multipactor and description of higher-order multipactor effects are given; the saturation problem for these cases remains to be solved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Web Services: Why and How (2001)

Web services are a natural consequence of the evolution of the Web into an open medium which facilitates complex business and scientific application interactions. Web services are concerned with the problems of enabling systematic application-to-application interactions over the Web, and the integration of the existing network computer infrastructure into the Web. The key components of this work are a focus on interoperability, support for e#cient application integration, and the creation of a uniform representation of applications within heterogeneous distributed systems.
Synthesis and resolution of sulfonimidamide analogs of sulfonylureas (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and resolution of sulfonimidamide analogs of sulfonylureasJohn E. Toth, James Ray, and Jack DeeterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 12, 3469–3472Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00064a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00064a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In situ electrochemical renewal of glassy carbon electrodes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn situ electrochemical renewal of glassy carbon electrodesJoseph. Wang and Meng Shan. LinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 5, 499–502Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00156a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00156a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views657Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Second-order distortion generated by amplification of intensity-modulated signals with chirping in erbium-doped fiber (1992)

A rate equation analysis for second-order distortion generated in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is reported. It is shown that the relevant mechanism of distortion is the interaction between the frequency chirping of input light and the local gain tilt in the erbium-doped fiber. It is found that the output light distortion is highly affected by the phase difference between the input light distortion and the chirping-induced distortion. This indicates that second-order distortion is not always degraded by erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interference effects and phase sensitivity in hearing (2002)

This paper reviews interference effects in the auditory system, particularly effects occurring in the outer ear and the inner ear (cochlea). Sounds enter the ear canal both directly and after reflections from the pinna. This results in complex spectral patterns, which vary systematically with the direction of incidence of the sound source relative to the head. Evidence is described indicating that these spectral patterns are used in the localization of sounds in space. The cochlea behaves like a limited-resolution frequency analyser. When the components of a complex sound are closely spaced in frequency, they can interfere on the basilar membrane (BM) within the cochlea. Interference effects on the BM are complex, as they are influenced by a physiologically active mechanism which introduces strong nonlinearities, including level-dependent amplification. Interference effects on the BM play a role in many aspects of auditory perception, including the perception of consonance and dissonance, the perception of pitch, the perception of changes in phase, and the perception of timbre. Interference effects in the cochlea may also play a role in producing the spectral regularity observed in sounds reflected from the ear (otoacoustic emissions).
Dealing with Nonregular Shapes Packing (2014)

This paper addresses the irregular strip packing problem, a particular two‐dimensional cutting and packing problem in which convex/nonconvex shapes (polygons) have to be packed onto a single rectangular object. We propose an approach that prescribes the integration of a metaheuristic engine (i.e., genetic algorithm) and a placement rule (i.e., greedy bottom‐left). Moreover, a shrinking algorithm is encapsulated into the metaheuristic engine to improve good quality solutions. To accomplish this task, we propose a no‐fit polygon based heuristic that shifts polygons closer to each other. Computational experiments performed on standard benchmark problems, as well as practical case studies developed in the ambit of a large textile industry, are also reported and discussed here in order to testify the potentialities of proposed approach.
Issues in the implementation of the i486 cache and bus (2003)

To meet its performance goal of executing most instructions in a single clock, the i486 microprocessor uses a cache memory that is integrated on the silicon die as the processor. The integrated cache is capable of performing one memory read or write each clock cycle. The size and organization of the cache were selected based on available silicon area and on the results of trace-driven simulation. An external bus was devised featuring burst data transfers to quickly fill cache lines and provisions to ensure cache coherency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self‐Assembly of Large‐Scale Micropatterns on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films (2004)

Long-range forces (capillary force) are used in the self-assembly of three-dimensional (3D) micropatterns of aligned carbon nanotubes films. This method involves the spreading of a droplet of water after the growth of the carbon nanotube film. Controlling the density of the carbon nanotube film is crucial to the formation of 3D patterned structures (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z51988_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Anterior Cervical Plate Fixation with the Titanium Hollow Screw Plate System A Preliminary Report (1990)

Morscher, of Switzerland, has developed an anterior cervical spine plate system (THSP) that does not require screw purchase of the posterior cortex. This design eliminates potential neurologic complications usually associated with the anterior plate system, but maintains the mechanical advantages of internal fixation. The authors reviewed 13 consecutive patients in whom the THSP system was applied. Indications for the use of this device included acute trauma in three patients, trauma of more than 6 weeks' duration in five patients, and spondylosis in five patients. Fifteen plates and 58 screws were placed, with no screws purchasing the posterior cortex. Postoperative immobilization varied from no immobilization to four-poster brace. With a mean follow-up of 13 months, all 13 patients went on to fusion. One patient had screws placed in the disc rather than in bone and went on to malunion. In all other patients, radiographs did not demonstrate screw migration, screw-bone lucency, graft dislodgement, or malunion. No patient suffered neurologic injury as a result of this device. The THSP system facilitates reliable fusion with minimal complications. Its use should be considered in multilevel anterior spine defects, posttraumatic cervical kyphosis, and cervical fractures with posterior disruption requiring anterior fusion.