gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced formation of negative ions by electron attachment to highly excited molecules in a flowing afterglow plasma (1998)

Preliminary evidence for efficient negative-ion formation using a plasma mixing scheme was reported in a recent letter [L. A. Pinnaduwage, W. Ding, and D. L. McCorkle, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3634 (1997)]. In the present article we confirm the negative ion formation using a probe-assisted photodetachment technique and estimate rate constants for electron attachment to electronically excited CH4 and NO in a flowing afterglow plasma. It is shown that enhanced electron attachment to molecules in highly excited states populated via excitation transfer from rare gas metastables is responsible for the observed negative ion formation. Implications for plasma processing and plasma remediation discharges are also discussed.
Ionic‐complementary peptide‐modified highly ordered pyrolytic graphite electrode for biosensor application (2008)

Ionic-complementary peptides are promising new biomaterials with potential applications in bionanotechnology. In the present investigation, a typical ionic-complementary peptide, EFK16-II, was used to modify a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode. Upon modification, peptide nanofibers, parallel or oriented 60 degrees or 120 degrees to each other, were formed on the surface of HOPG electrode. Surface wettability of the electrode was improved as indicated by a significant decrease in the water contact angle. The electrochemical response of the EFK16-II nanofiber-modified HOPG electrode for the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple was characterized. Cyclic voltammograms indicated that the presence of peptide nanofibers on the HOPG electrode did not block electron transfer at slow scan rates ( approximately 2 mV/s), but did so at high scan rates ( approximately 100 mV/s). A model enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) was covalently immobilized onto this nanofiber-modified electrode, and its potential as an enzyme-based biosensor for glucose was examined. At an applied potential of +0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), the current increased linearly with glucose concentration up to 7.5 mM and a relative high sensitivity was obtained at 11.3 +/- 1.0 nA/(mM mm(2)). The immobilized GOx showed high affinity for glucose, with a Michaelis-Menten constant K(m) of 6.8 +/- 0.9 mM. It also exhibited relatively good storage and operational stabilities, and reflected in only a small decrease (13%) in the current response after 1 month storage and negligible changes upon 50 cyclic voltammetric scans. The results presented here demonstrate an excellent potential of the use of ionic-complementary peptides to modify electrode surfaces for biomolecular sensing and diagnostics.
Luminescent properties of MAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Br:Eu<sup>3+</sup> (M = Sr or Mg) red phosphors for near‐UV light‐emitting diodes (2014)

Eu(3+) -activated MAl(SO4 )2 Br phosphors (where M = Mg or Sr) are successfully prepared using a wet chemical reaction technique. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The XRD pattern revealed that both the samples are microcrystalline in nature. PL of Eu(3+) -doped SrAl(SO4 )2 Br and MgAl(SO4 )2 Br phosphors exhibited characteristic red emission coming from the (5) D0 → (7) F2 (616 nm) electron transition, when excited by 396 nm wavelength of light. The maximum intensity of luminescence was observed at a concentration of 1 mol% Eu(3+) . The intensity of the electric dipole transition at 616 nm is greater than that of the magnetic dipole transition at 594 nm. The results showed that MAl(SO4 )2 Br:Eu(3+) , (M = Mg, Sr) phosphors have potential application in near-UV light-emitting diodes as efficient red-emitting phosphor.
Enhanced Heme Function and Mitochondrial Respiration Promote the Progression of Lung Cancer Cells (2013)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and about 85% of the cases are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly, recent advance in cancer research suggests that altering cancer cell bioenergetics can provide an effective way to target such advanced cancer cells that have acquired mutations in multiple cellular regulators. This study aims to identify bioenergetic alterations in lung cancer cells by directly measuring and comparing key metabolic activities in a pair of cell lines representing normal and NSCLC cells developed from the same patient. We found that the rates of oxygen consumption and heme biosynthesis were intensified in NSCLC cells. Additionally, the NSCLC cells exhibited substantially increased levels in an array of proteins promoting heme synthesis, uptake and function. These proteins include the rate-limiting heme biosynthetic enzyme ALAS, transporter proteins HRG1 and HCP1 that are involved in heme uptake, and various types of oxygen-utilizing hemoproteins such as cytoglobin and cytochromes. Several types of human tumor xenografts also displayed increased levels of such proteins. Furthermore, we found that lowering heme biosynthesis and uptake, like lowering mitochondrial respiration, effectively reduced oxygen consumption, cancer cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. In contrast, lowering heme degradation does not have an effect on lung cancer cells. These results show that increased heme flux and function are a key feature of NSCLC cells. Further, increased generation and supply of heme and oxygen-utilizing hemoproteins in cancer cells will lead to intensified oxygen consumption and cellular energy production by mitochondrial respiration, which would fuel cancer cell proliferation and progression. The results show that inhibiting heme and respiratory function can effectively arrest the progression of lung cancer cells. Hence, understanding heme function can positively impact on research in lung cancer biology and therapeutics.
Deposition of platinum nanoparticles on organic functionalized carbon nanotubes grown<i>in situ</i>on carbon paper for fuel cells (2005)

Deposition of small Pt nanoparticles of the order of 2-2.5 nm on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown directly on carbon paper is demonstrated in this work. Sulfonic acid functionalization of CNTs is used as a means to facilitate the uniform deposition of Pt on the CNT surface. The organic molecules attached covalently to the CNT surface via electrochemical reduction of corresponding diazonium salts are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and the sulfonic acid sites thus attached are used as molecular sites for Pt ion adsorption, which are subsequently reduced to yield the small Pt nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammograms reveal that, after removal of the organic groups during high temperature reduction, these Pt nanoparticles are in electrical contact with the carbon paper backing. A typical Pt loading of 0.09 mg cm(-2) is achieved, that shows higher specific surface area of Pt than an E-TEK electrode with Pt loading of 0.075 mg cm(-2). A membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) is prepared with a Pt/CNT electrode as cathode and an E-TEK electrode as anode, and it offers better performance than a conventional E-TEK MEA.
MR spectroscopy as a reliable diagnostic tool for localization of prostate cancer. (2002)

MRS is useful for the diagnosis of prostate cancer localization.
Analysis of samara-wing decelerator steady-state characteristics (1988)

A method has been developed for computing the steady-state descent characteristics of a samara-wing decelerator. The system is modeled with 11 degrees of freedom taken into account. Analytic requirements for steady vertical descent in lunar rotation derived from the equations of motion are imposed by iteratively varying the dependent variables defining steady descent. Solutions obtained are in good agreement with test data for configurations weighing 1.5-17 Ib.
Preparation of porous PTFE/PE/PP composite electret and study of its charge storage stability (2006)

In this paper we introduced the preparing process and corona charging method of the porous PTFE/PE/PP composite electret film, and furthermore, studied its charge storage stability by using the method of isothermal surface potential decay measurement, open-circuit thermally stimulated discharge current spectra. It was shown that 1) charge storage stability for negative porous PTFE/PE/PP composite electret corona charged at high temperature was almost the same as that of porous PTFE electret charged at room temperature. 2) The charge storage stability of porous PTFE/PE/PP electret was closely related to the structure of porous PTFE and charging condition. 3) Porous PTFE/PE/PP electret exhibited higher charge storage stability than porous PTFE electret under high humidity.
One-lead ECG for identity verification (2003)

This research investigates the feasibility of using the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a new biometric for human identity verification. It is well known that the shapes of the ECG waveforms of different persons are different but it is unclear whether such differences can be used to identify different individuals. In this research, we demonstrated successfully that it is possible to identify a specific person from a group of candidates using a one-lead ECG. A one-lead ECG, unlike two-dimensional biometrics, such as the fingerprint, is a one-dimensional, low-frequency signal that can be recorded from electrodes on the hands. This research applied two techniques, template matching and a decision-based neural network (DBNN), to implement the identity verification. Using each of the two methods separately on a predetermined group of 20 subjects, the experimental results showed that the rate of correct identity verification was 95% for template matching and 80% for the DBNN. Combining the two methods produced a 100% correct rate. Our results show that ECG analysis is a potentially applicable method for human identity verification.
Generalized scalar measures for diffusion MRI using trace, variance, and entropy (2005)

This paper details the derivation of rotationally invariant scalar measures from higher-rank diffusion tensors (DTs) and functions defined on a unit sphere. This was accomplished with the use of an expression that generalizes the evaluation of the trace operator to tensors of arbitrary rank, and even to functions whose domains are the unit sphere. It is shown that the mean diffusivity is invariant to the selection of tensor rank for the model used. However, this rank invariance does not apply to the anisotropy measures. Therefore, a variance-based, general anisotropy measure is proposed. Also an information theoretical parametrization of anisotropy is introduced that is frequently more consistent with the meaning attributed to anisotropy. We accomplished this by associating anisotropy with the amount of orientational information present in the data, regardless of the imaging technique used. Using a simplified model of fibrous tissue, we simulated anisotropy values with varying orientational complexity and tensor models. Simulations suggested that a lower-rank tensor model may produce artificially low anisotropy values in voxels with complex structure. This was confirmed with a spin-echo experiment performed on an excised rat brain.
The expression and modulation of CEACAM1 and tumor cell transformation (2012)

In this review, we focus our discussion on one class of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 1 (cEAcAM1). This has been observed in several malignant transformations to be subjected to complex mechanisms of modulation and dysregulation. aims. Restoration of cEAcAM1 expression in tumor cell lines often abolishes their oncogenicity in vivo, and therefore, this adhesion molecule has been regarded as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, de novo expression of cEAcAM1 is found with the progression of malignancy and metastatic spread in a large array of cancer tissues which include melanoma, Non Small cell Lung carcinoma (NScLc) as well as bladder, prostate, thyroid, breast, colon and gastric carcinomas. Discussion.We report and discuss the most significant findings confirming at immunohistochemical and clinical level the correlation between poor prognosis and expression of cEAcAM1 on the cell surface of tumors.
Touching the properties of NbTi by carbon doped tapes with mechanically alloyed MgB2 (2007)

Combining mechanical alloying and powder-in-tube processing is a promising way to obtain tapes with excellent properties. Taking advantage of the properties of nanocrystalline precursor powders, it was possible to obtain Jc values of 104A∕cm2 at 12.1T and 4.2K. Evidential substitution of carbon into the MgB2 changed the electron scattering and therefore raised the Bc2 up to 12T at 10K. Systematic investigation on the influence of the heat treatment showed that, although an interfering Fe2B reaction layer was formed, an excellent Jc of 104A∕cm2 at 14.3T and 4.2K was achieved.
Biologie, eine Einführung für Ingenieure (1990)

Die Physik ist als Grundlagenfach für alle Ingenieurstudiengänge anerkannt. Eine Ingenieurausbildung ohne die nicht immer leichte Physikprüfung ist kaum vorstellbar. Biologie als Grundlagenfach gibt es bisher nur in speziellen Ausbildungsgängen wie der Lebensmitteltechnologie oder Medizintechnik. Sinnvoll wäre heute ein Einführungskurs in die Biologie für alle Ingenieure. Dafür gibt es zwei Gründe:
The impact of osteoporosis on health-related quality of life in elderly women (2018)

Objective of this study was to assess the impact of osteoporosis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly Korean women. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical history of osteoporosis, and the EuroQol-5 dimension questionnaire scores for 1,000 female participants aged 60 years or older were obtained from the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Demographic variables, including age, educational level and income, were significantly associated with HRQoL. Furthermore, osteoporosis had a significant effect on HRQoL in elderly Korean women. In the osteoporosis group, the adjusted odds ratios for disability on the ED-5Q dimensions were 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.44-2.58, p<0.001) for mobility, 1.90 (95% CI=1.45-2.51, p<0.001) for pain/ discomfort, and 1.89 (95% CI=1.36-2.61, p=0.001) for usual activities. These findings indicate that osteoporosis has a significant impact on HRQoL and suggest that the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis may significantly improve quality of life in elderly women.
Emergent Literacy: A Comparison of Formal and Informal Assessment Methods. (1990)

Young children enter school with individual and divergent literacy experiences. Considerable disagreement exists concerning how best to assess children's competence and utilize the results of instruments designed to provide this information for educators.
Economically viable efficient synthesis of (±)-methysticin: a component in kava potentially responsible for its cancer chemopreventive activity (2012)

A highly efficient and green synthesis of ()-methysticin was developed from inexpensive piperonal, requiring two extraction procedures and one chromatographic purification in the final step with 51% overall yield. This new method is superior compared to known literature procedures and is highly reproducible and scalable up to gram scale.
Neural-network-based classification of cognitively normal, demented, Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia from single photon emission with computed tomography image data from brain. (1995)

Single photon emission with computed tomography (SPECT) hexamethylphenylethyleneamineoxime technetium-99 images were analyzed by an optimal interpolative neural network (OINN) algorithm to determine whether the network could discriminate among clinically diagnosed groups of elderly normal, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD) subjects. After initial image preprocessing and registration, image features were obtained that were representative of the mean regional tissue uptake. These features were extracted from a given image by averaging the intensities over various regions defined by suitable masks. After training, the network classified independent trials of patients whose clinical diagnoses conformed to published criteria for probable AD or probable/possible VD. For the SPECT data used in the current tests, the OINN agreement was 80 and 86% for probable AD and probable/possible VD, respectively. These results suggest that artificial neural network methods offer potential in diagnoses from brain images and possibly in other areas of scientific research where complex patterns of data may have scientifically meaningful groupings that are not easily identifiable by the researcher.
IVUS-based imaging modalities for tissue characterization: similarities and differences (2011)

Gray-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is the modality that has been established as the golden standard for in vivo imaging of the vessel wall of the coronary arteries. The use of IVUS in clinical practice is an important diagnostic tool used for quantitative assessment of coronary artery disease. This has made IVUS the de-facto invasive imaging method to evaluate new interventional therapies such as new stent designs and for atherosclerosis progression-regression studies. However, the gray-scale representation of the coronary vessel wall and plaque morphology in combination with the limited resolution of the current IVUS catheters makes it difficult, if not impossible, to identify qualitatively (e.g. visually) the plaque morphology similar as that of histopathology, the golden standard to characterize and quantify coronary plaque tissue components. Meanwhile, this limitation has been partially overcome by new innovative IVUS-based post-processing methods such as: virtual histology IVUS (VH-IVUS, Volcano Therapeutics, Rancho Cordova, CA, USA), iMAP-IVUS (Bostoc Scientific, Santa Clara, CA, USA), Integrated Backscatter IVUS (IB-IVUS) and Automated Differential Echogenicity (ADE).
Probing the Contribution of <i>I</i> <sub>Ks</sub> to Canine Ventricular Repolarization (2003)

Ventricular repolarization in conscious dogs is importantly dependent on IKs. IKs function becomes prominent during beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation, when it promotes AP shortening by increased activation, and during IKr block, when it limits repolarization instability by time-dependent activation. Unstimulated IKs does not contribute to cellular APD at baseline. These data highlight the importance of the synergism between an intact basal IKs and the sympathetic nervous system in vivo.
Genetic variants in the region harbouring <i>IL2/IL21</i> associated with ulcerative colitis (2009)

A strong association for the IL2/IL21 locus with UC was found, which also confirms it as a general susceptibility locus for inflammatory disease.
VSTOL aircraft longitudinal control using fuzzy logic (2002)

Hybrid fuzzy-PID (HFPID) control, the cascade of a fuzzy and a conventional PID controller with the fuzzy controller acting as the designer of the PID controller, is applied to the control of the longitudinal axis of a VSTOL aircraft. The control of the longitudinal axis is a nonlinear problem complicated by the transition from hover to normal flight required by a VSTOL aircraft. This transition region may introduce singular matrices not usually encountered in a normal flight regime, hence requiring existing techniques to be compensated. A HFPID controller is designed and simulation results are presented.
A Novel Phosphatidylcholine Which Contains Pentadecanoic Acid at sn-1 and Docosahexaenoic Acid at sn-2 in Schizochytrium sp. F26-b (2006)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3)-containing phospholipids are a ubiquitous component of the central nervous system and retina, however their physiological and pharmacological functions have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report a novel DHA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a marine single cell eukaryote, Schizochytrium sp. F26-b. Interestingly, 31.8% of all the fatty acid in F26-b is DHA, which is incorporated into triacylglycerols and various phospholipids. In phospholipids, DHA was found to make up about 50% of total fatty acid. To identify phospholipid species containing DHA, the fraction of phospholipids from strain F26-b was subjected to normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that DHA was incorporated into PC, lyso-PC, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. The major DHA-containing phospholipid was PC in which 32.5% of the fatty acid was DHA. The structure of PC was analyzed further by phospholipase A2 treatment, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and 1H- and 13C-NMR after purification of the PC with reverse phase HPLC. Collectively, it was clarified that the major PC contains pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) at sn-1 and DHA at sn-2; the systematic name of this novel PC is therefore "1-pentadecanoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."
Carbon and Nitrogen Provisions Alter the Metabolic Flux in Developing Soybean Embryos   (2013)

Soybean (Glycine max) seeds store significant amounts of their biomass as protein, levels of which reflect the carbon and nitrogen received by the developing embryo. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen supply during filling and seed composition was examined through a series of embryo-culturing experiments. Three distinct ratios of carbon to nitrogen supply were further explored through metabolic flux analysis. Labeling experiments utilizing [U-(13)C5]glutamine, [U-(13)C4]asparagine, and [1,2-(13)C2]glucose were performed to assess embryo metabolism under altered feeding conditions and to create corresponding flux maps. Additionally, [U-(14)C12]sucrose, [U-(14)C6]glucose, [U-(14)C5]glutamine, and [U-(14)C4]asparagine were used to monitor differences in carbon allocation. The analyses revealed that: (1) protein concentration as a percentage of total soybean embryo biomass coincided with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; (2) altered nitrogen supply did not dramatically impact relative amino acid or storage protein subunit profiles; and (3) glutamine supply contributed 10% to 23% of the carbon for biomass production, including 9% to 19% of carbon to fatty acid biosynthesis and 32% to 46% of carbon to amino acids. Seed metabolism accommodated different levels of protein biosynthesis while maintaining a consistent rate of dry weight accumulation. Flux through ATP-citrate lyase, combined with malic enzyme activity, contributed significantly to acetyl-coenzyme A production. These fluxes changed with plastidic pyruvate kinase to maintain a supply of pyruvate for amino and fatty acids. The flux maps were independently validated by nitrogen balancing and highlight the robustness of primary metabolism.