gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthetic FGF-2 is targeted to non-lipid raft microdomains following translocation to the extracellular surface of CHO cells (2002)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is a secretory protein that lacks a signal peptide. Consistently, FGF-2 has been shown to be secreted by an ER-Golgi-independent mechanism; however, the machinery mediating this process remains to be established at the molecular level. Here we introduce a novel experimental system based on flow cytometry that allows the quantitative assessment of non-classical FGF-2 secretion in living cells. Stable cell lines have been created by retroviral transduction that express various kinds of FGF-2-GFP fusion proteins in a doxicyclin-dependent manner. Following induction of protein expression, biosynthetic FGF-2-GFP is shown to translocate to the outer surface of the plasma membrane as determined by both fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal microscopy. Both N- and C-terminal GFP tagging of FGF-2 is compatible with FGF-2 export, which is shown to occur in a controlled fashion rather than through unspecific release. The experimental system described has strong implications for the identification of both FGF-2 secretion inhibitors and molecular components involved in FGF-2 secretion. In the second part of this study we made use of the FGF-2 export system described to analyze the fate of biosynthetic FGF-2-GFP following export to the extracellular space. We find that secreted FGF-2 fusion proteins accumulate in large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-containing protein clusters on the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane. These microdomains are shown to be distinct from caveolae-like lipid rafts known to play a role in FGF-2-mediated signal transduction. Since CHO cells lack FGF high-affinity receptors (FGFRs), it can be concluded that FGFRs mediate the targeting of FGF-2 to lipid rafts. Consistently, FGF-2-GFP-secreting CHO cells do not exhibit increased proliferation activity. Externalization and deposition of biosynthetic FGF-2 in HSPG-containing protein clusters are independent processes, as a soluble secreted intermediate was demonstrated. The balance between intracellular FGF-2 and HSPG-bound secreted FGF-2 is shown not to be controlled by the availability of cell surface HSPGs, indicating that the FGF-2 secretion machinery itself is rate-limiting.
Electrochemical Signal‐triggered Release of Biomolecules Functionalized with His‐tag Units (2019)

Abstract His‐tagged molecular species, a ferrocene derivative and Protein A, were immobilized on electrode surfaces (Au and graphite) through formation of a chelated complex in the presence of Cu 2+ cations used as bridging units. The complex was cleaved and the attached molecules were released from the electrode surface by applying reductive potential to the electrodes resulting in Cu 2+ reduction, thus decomposing the chelate complex. The molecule release process was followed by cyclic voltammetry in case of the ferrocene derivative. His‐tagged Protein A was additionally labeled with a fluorescent tag and its release was followed by fluorescence measurements in the solution and by impedance spectroscopy at the electrode. The studied release of the His‐tagged redox species and biomolecules was considered as a new generic approach to the signal‐controlled molecule release applicable in various biotechnological and biomedical applications.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Call Control - Transfer (2009)

This document describes providing Call Transfer capabilities in the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). SIP extensions such as REFER and
Replaces are used to provide a number of transfer services including
blind transfer, consultative transfer, and attended transfer. This
work is part of the SIP multiparty call control framework.
Definition of a Second <i>Bacillus subtilis pur</i> Regulon Comprising the <i>pur</i> and <i>xpt-pbuX</i> Operons plus <i>pbuG</i> , <i>nupG</i> ( <i>yxjA</i> ), and <i>pbuE</i> ( <i>ydhL</i> ) (2003)

In Bacillus subtilis expression of genes or operons encoding enzymes and other proteins involved in purine synthesis is affected by purine bases and nucleosides in the growth medium. The genes belonging to the PurR regulon (purR, purA, glyA, guaC, pbuO, pbuG, and the pur, yqhZ-folD, and xpt-pbuX operons) are controlled by the PurR repressor, which inhibits transcription initiation. Other genes are regulated by a less-well-described transcription termination mechanism that responds to the presence of hypoxanthine and guanine. The pur operon and the xpt-pbuX operon, which were studied here, are regulated by both mechanisms. We isolated two mutants resistant to 2-fluoroadenine in which the pur operon and the xpt-pbuX operon are expressed at increased levels in a PurR-independent manner. The mutations were caused by deletions that disrupted a potential transcription terminator structure located immediately upstream of the ydhL gene. The 5' part of the ydhL leader region contained a 63-nucleotide (nt) sequence very similar to the 5' ends of the leaders of the pur and xpt-pbuX operons. Transcripts of these regions may form a common tandem stem-loop secondary structure. Two additional genes with potential leader regions containing the 63-nt sequence are pbuG, encoding a hypoxanthine-guanine transporter, and yxjA, which was shown to encode a purine nucleoside transporter and is renamed nupG. Transcriptional lacZ fusions and mutations in the 63-nt sequence encoding the possible secondary structures provided evidence that expression of the pur and xpt-pbuX operons and expression of the ydhL, nupG, and pbuG genes are regulated by a common mechanism. The new pur regulon is designated the XptR regulon. Except for ydhL, the operons and genes were negatively regulated by hypoxanthine and guanine. ydhL was positively regulated. The derived amino acid sequence encoded by ydhL (now called pbuE) is similar to the amino acid sequences of metabolite efflux pumps. When overexpressed, PbuE lowers the sensitivity to purine analogs. Indirect evidence indicated that PbuE decreases the size of the internal pool of hypoxanthine. This explains why the hypoxanthine- and guanine-regulated genes are expressed at elevated levels in a mutant that overexpresses pbuE.
Use of Self-Expandable Plastic Stents For the Treatment of Esophageal Perforations and Symptomatic Anastomotic Leaks (2004)

Our preliminary experience with the self-expanding and removable Polyflex plastic stent for the sealing of anastomotic leaks and esophageal perforations suggests that this stent is a feasible treatment option, in particular, for more extensive esophageal defects, patients with co-morbid conditions, and critically ill patients.
Miscible polymer blends containing poly(vinyl chloride) (1990)

Abstract Polymer blends have received particular interest in the past several decades in both industrial and academic research. An initial survey of miscible polymer pairs (1) (1968) revealed 12 combinations. A later survey (2) (1979) noted approximately 180 miscible pairs. Today possibly over 500 miscible combinations have been noted in the open and patent literature (3). However, the vast majority of possible polymer blend combinations are not miscible (thus phase separated). A significant number of diverse polymer structures have been shown to exhibit miscibility with PVC. Several of these blends have been studied in detail and have shown specific interactions primarily involving the α‐hydrogen and PVC (considered the proton donor in proton donor‐proton acceptor hydrogen bonding type interactions). The blend of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) with PVC illustrates this interaction and has been reported in many published papers. While polymer miscibility in PVC blends offers significant academic interest, industrial utility is also of considerable importance. The addition of low T g , miscible polymers to PVC offers permanent plasticization. The addition of high T g , miscible polymers to PVC yields the desired heat distortion temperature enhancement of rigid PVC. A specific example of permanent plasticization involves nitrile rubber blends which have been commercial since the early 1940's. This presentation will review the growing number of polymers noted to be miscible with PVC. The importance of specific interactions will be discussed.
Hybrid Filter Design for 5G using IPD and Acoustic Technologies (2019)

For the first time, a hybrid filter design approach based on the combination of Integrated Passive Device (IPD) and acoustic technologies is proposed to satisfy the new demands in 5G New Radio (NR) applications, where high frequency (above 3 GHz) and wide bandwidth (up to 900 MHz to date) are defined by the standards. The Band n77 filter is used as an extreme example to demonstrate the capability to achieve high operating frequency from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz, wide bandwidth of 900 MHz, high rejection of 36 dB at 200 MHz away, and low insertion loss of 2.5 dB.
Synthesis and Characterization of High-Entropy Alloy FeCoNiCuCr by Laser Cladding (2011)

High-entropy alloys have been recently found to have novel microstructures and unique properties. In this study, a novel FeCoNiCuCr high-entropy alloy was prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, chemical composition, and constituent phases of the synthesized alloy were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and TEM, respectively. High-temperature hardness was also evaluated. Experimental results demonstrate that the FeCoNiCuCr clad layer is composed of only BCC and FCC phases. The clad layers exhibit higher hardness at higher Al atomic content. The AlFeCoNiCuCr clad layer exhibits increased hardness at temperature between 400–700°C.
The role of a visual handicap department in an integrated secondary school (1984)

This article describes the specialist curriculum and support found necessary to enable visually handi capped children to integrate fully into school life. The work of the specialist teacher is described and involves provision of some special material but also in-service training of mainstream staff and direct teaching of the children.
Optimal Beamforming for MISO Communications via Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (2020)

Wireless communications via intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) has received considerable attention from both academia and industry. In particular, IRSs are able to create favorable wireless propagation environments with typically low-cost passive devices. While various IRS-aided wireless communication systems have been investigated in the literature, thus far, the optimal design of such systems is not well understood. In this paper, IRS-assisted single-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) communication is investigated. To maximize the spectral efficiency, a branch-and-bound (BnB) algorithm is proposed to obtain globally optimal solutions for both the active and passive beamformers at the access point (AP) and the IRS, respectively. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of deploying IRSs in wireless systems. Furthermore, by taking the proposed optimal BnB algorithm as the performance benchmark, the optimality of existing design algorithms is investigated.
Vision-Guided "Point and Click" for Smart Rooms (2007)

Pointing is a natural method for humans to use to indicate a focus of their attention. Over the years, the ubiquitous, infra-red remote control has been used to control a variety of appliances by pointing. Despite its success, infra-red based pointing solutions have some limitations. In our research, we have explored other ways for mobile users to select objects inside a smart room via pointing or similar gesture. In this paper we describe the use of mobile phones with cameras as pointing devices to interact with smart environments. Mobile users select an object by simply taking a picture of it. We rely on two key ideas to simplify the image-processing problem: objects that can be recognized visually contain image-processing hints in their descriptions, and all the objects (and their descriptions) in the vicinity of the user can be found by a location-aware discovery protocol. The paper describes the design of a location-aware service discovery protocol, the integration of the service discovery protocol with image capture and analysis and our experience with a smart room application that uses image capture and recognition to select physical objects.
Deletion of <i>Atf6</i>α impairs astroglial activation and enhances neuronal death following brain ischemia in mice (2014)

To dissect the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response in brain ischemia, we investigated the relevance of activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), a master transcriptional factor in the unfolded protein response, after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Enhanced expression of glucose-regulated protein78, a downstream molecular chaperone of ATF6α, was observed in both neurons and glia in the peri-infarct region of wild-type mice after MCAO. Analysis using wild-type and Atf6α(-/-) mice revealed a larger infarct volume and increased cell death in the peri-ischemic region of Atf6α(-/-) mice 5 days after MCAO. These phenotypes in Atf6α(-/-) mice were associated with reduced levels of astroglial activation/glial scar formation, and a spread of tissue damage into the non-infarct area. Further analysis in mice and cultured astrocytes revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-glial fibrillary acidic protein signaling were diminished in Atf6α(-/-) astrocytes. A chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyrate, restored STAT3-glial fibrillary acidic protein signaling, while ER stressors, such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin, almost completely abolished signaling in cultured astrocytes. Furthermore, ER stress-induced deactivation of STAT3 was mediated, at least in part, by the ER stress-responsive tyrosine phosphatase, TC-PTP/PTPN2. These results suggest that ER stress plays critical roles in determining the level of astroglial activation and neuronal survival after brain ischemia.
Inhibition of respiration of tumor cells by methylglyoxal and protection of inhibition by lactaldehyde (1991)

The effect of methylglyoxal (MG), ascorbic acid and lactaldehyde has been tested on the in vitro respiration of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and several normal and malignant human tissues. Methylglyoxal inhibited the respiration of each type of malignant cell and tissue tested, but it had practically no inhibitory effect on the respiration of any of the normal cells and tissues. Ascorbic acid exhibited a synergistic effect with MG in inhibiting the respiration of all the neoplastic cells. In the presence of lactaldehyde, a catabolite of MG, the inhibitory effect of MG on the respiration of tumor cells was significantly reduced. Lactaldehyde can exert a similar protective effect on the loss of viability and transplantability of MG-treated EAC cells.
Implication of Localization of Human DNA Repair Enzyme <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase at Active Transcription Sites in Transcription-Repair Coupling of the Mutagenic <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Methylguanine Lesion (1998)

DNA lesions that halt RNA polymerase during transcription are preferentially repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway. This transcription-coupled repair is initiated by the arrested RNA polymerase at the DNA lesion. However, the mutagenic O6-methylguanine (6MG) lesion which is bypassed by RNA polymerase is also preferentially repaired at the transcriptionally active DNA. We report here a plausible explanation for this observation: the human 6MG repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is present as speckles concentrated at active transcription sites (as revealed by polyclonal antibodies specific for its N and C termini). Upon treatment of cells with low dosages of N-methylnitrosourea, which produces 6MG lesions in the DNA, these speckles rapidly disappear, accompanied by the formation of active-site methylated MGMT (the repair product of 6MG by MGMT). The ability of MGMT to target itself to active transcription sites, thus providing an effective means of repairing 6MG lesions, possibly at transcriptionally active DNA, indicates its crucial role in human cancer and chemotherapy by alkylating agents.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates from Inpatients and Outpatients in the United States: Increasing Importance of the Intensive Care Unit (1997)

To compare the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals with that in the community, we analyzed data for isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients in eight U.S. hospitals. The percentage of resistant isolates from inpatients was higher than that from outpatients for the following combinations of antimicrobials and organisms: methicillin/coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (49.0% vs. 36.0%, respectively; P < .01); methicillin/Staphylococcus aureus (33.0% vs. 14.5%, respectively; P < .01); ceftazidime/Enterobacter cloacae (26.0% vs. 12.0%, respectively; P < .01); imipenem/Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.0% vs. 6.5%, respectively; P < .01); ceftazidime/P. aeruginosa (7.8% vs. 4.0%, respectively; P < .01); and vancomycin/Enterococcus species (6.3% vs. 1.4%, respectively; P < .01). There was a significant stepwise decrease in the percentage of resistant organisms isolated from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), non-ICU inpatients, and outpatients. These results suggest that resources allocated to control antimicrobial resistance should continue to be focused in the hospital, particularly in the ICU.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of the Layered Sodium Insertion Cathode Material: NaNi<sub><sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></sub>Mn<sub><sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></sub>Co<sub><sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2012)

A layered phase, NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NaNMC), isostructural to NaCoO2 has been synthesized. Stoichiometric NaNMC crystallizes in a rhombohedral R3̅m space group where Na is in an octahedral environment (O3-Type). Galvanostatic cycling on NaNMC vs Na cell indicated a reversible intercalation of 0.5 Na, leading to a capacity of 120 mAh·g–1 in the voltage range of 2–3.75 V and indicating its possible application in Na-ion batteries. The electrochemically driven Na insertion/deinsertion in NaNMC is associated with several phase transitions and solid solution regimes which are studied by in situ X-ray diffraction. Sodium deinsertion in NaxNMC resulted in sequential phase transitions composed of biphasic and monophasic domains. The composition driven structural evolution in NaxNMC follows the sequence O3 ⇒ O1 ⇒ P3 ⇒ P1 phases with an increased ‘c’ parameter, while the ‘a’ parameter remains almost unchanged.
The MAJC architecture: a synthesis of parallelism and scalability (2000)

The MAJC architecture enhances application performance by exploiting parallelism at multiple levels-instruction, data, thread, and process. Supporting vertical multithreading, speculative multithreading, and chip multiprocessors, the scalable VLIW architecture is also capable of advanced speculation and predication and treats all data types similarly.
IL-8 Production in Human Lung Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells Activated by the <i>Pseudomonas</i> Autoinducer <i>N</i> -3-Oxododecanoyl Homoserine Lactone Is Transcriptionally Regulated by NF-κB and Activator Protein-2 (2001)

The destructive pulmonary inflammation associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is caused, in part, by the production of the chemokine IL-8, which recruits neutrophils into the lung. The Pseudomonas autoinducer, N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone (3-O-C12-HSL), is a small lipid-soluble molecule that is essential in the regulation of many P. aeruginosa virulence factors, but little is known about how it affects eukaryotic cells. In this report we demonstrate that 3-O-C12-HSL is a potent stimulator of both IL-8 mRNA and protein from human fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro. The IL-8 produced from these 3-O-C12-HSL-stimulated cells was found to be functionally active by inducing the chemotaxis of neutrophils. To determine a mechanism for this IL-8 induction, deletion constructs of the IL-8 promoter were examined. It was found that the DNA region between nucleotides -1481 and -546 and the transcription factor NF-kappaB were essential for the maximal induction of IL-8 by 3-O-C12-HSL. This was confirmed by EMSAs, where 3-O-C12-HSL induced a shift with both AP-2 and NF-kappaB consensus DNA. The activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent production of IL-8 were found to be regulated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These findings support the concept that the severe lung damage that accompanies P. aeruginosa infections is caused by an exuberant neutrophil response stimulated by 3-O-C12-HSL-induced IL-8. Understanding the mechanisms of 3-O-C12-HSL activation of lung structural cells may provide a means to help control lung damage during infections with P. aeruginosa.
The Use of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement in Fracture Treatment (2008)

The use of calcium phosphate bone cement for the treatment of fractures in adult patients is associated with a lower prevalence of pain at the fracture site in comparison with the rate in controls (patients managed with no graft material). Loss of fracture reduction is also decreased in comparison with that in patients managed with autogenous bone graft.
<i>Ethanol fermentation of raw cassava starch with</i> Rhizopus <i>koji in a gas circulation type fermentor</i> (1985)

Studies have been conducted in a gas circulation type fermentor in order to characterize the ethanol fermentation of uncooked cassava starch with Rhizopus koji. Results showed that ethanol concentration reached 13-14% (v/v) in 4-day broth, and the maximum productivity of ethanol was 2.3 g ethanol/L broth h. This productivity was about 50% compared to the productivity of a glucose-yeast system. Ethanol yield reached 83.5-72.3% of the theoretical yield for the cassava starch used. The fermentor used in the present work has been proven by experiment to be suitable for ethanol fermentation of the broth with solid substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐galactopyranoside and Methyl α‐D‐xylo‐Hex‐4‐ulopyranosyl‐ (1→4)‐α‐D‐galactopyranoside. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Universal variable length code for DCT coding (2002)

A new technique for entropy coding named universal VLC (i.e., UVLC) was developed and applied to the motion vector. It was shown that UVLC for motion vector coding provides good performance in terms of coding efficiency as well as error resiliency. In this paper UVLC for DCT coefficient coding is presented. The features of the scheme are: (1) adaptable by parametric representation, (2) support of very low bitrate mode and (3) extensible to error resilient mode with bi-directionally decodable code. This favors a flexible image and video coding that should handle a variety of picture types and applications. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme slightly outperforms several VLC tables of existing standards in terms of coding efficiency. It is also expected that the proposed scheme can simplify the implementation and processing of VLC decoder. It shall also be noted that UVLC is being considered as a candidate component technique for ITU-T H.26L, i.e., next generation video coding algorithm standard.
Complete structure and cation orientation in the perovskite photovoltaic methylammonium lead iodide between 100 and 352 K (2015)

The methylammonium cation in [CH3NH3]PbI3 demonstrates increasing positional disorder on heating from 100 K to 352 K. In the tetragonal phase, stable between 165 K and 327 K, the cation is disordered over four sites directed toward the faces of the distorted cubic [PbI3](-) framework and migrates towards the cavity centre with increasing temperature.