gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity of irinotecan in the ex-vivo isolated perfused human lung model high-dose therapy during isolated perfusion without acute toxic lung edema (2007)

In many cases unresectable or recurrent pulmonary metastases do not respond to systemic chemotherapy or the side-effects are not acceptable. Based on the results of our experiments the isolated lung perfusion could improve the option of local chemotherapy. Parameters for lung edema formation (relative increase in weight, gas exchange, histopathology) were evaluated during extracorporal ventilation and reperfusion of lobes resected for lung cancer. Drug concentration was measured in lung tissue, tumour and hilar lymphnodes. Irinotecan was detected in concentrations from 0.06 to 35.3 mg/g in correlation to the content of drug in the perfusate. None of the preparations perfused with a concentration up to 20 times higher than the concentration for systemic application generated a drug-dependent reperfusion edema. A toxic injury of lung parenchyma could be excluded histopathologically. Therefore, we documented that even a perfusion with 2000 mg/l does not cause any relevant acute toxic damages of the lung parenchyma. The transferability of pharmacological data gained through the IHLP is excellent and minimises potential adverse reactions for the patients during phase I trials. As an alternative to systemically applied cytostatic drugs the isolated lung perfusion with irinotecan deserves further attention due to its interesting pharmacological profile with regard to tumor selectivity.
Molecular orbital theory of the properties of inorganic and organometallic compounds 5. Extended basis sets for first‐row transition metals (1987)

Abstract A series of efficient split‐valence basis sets for first‐row transition metals, termed 3‐21G, has been constructed based on previously‐formulated minimal expansions of Huzinaga, in which each atomic orbital has been represented by a sum of three gaussians. The original Huzinaga expansions for s‐ and p‐type orbitals (except those for 1s) have been fit by least squares to new three‐gaussian combinations in which the two sets of orbitals (of the same n quantum number) share gaussian exponents. The Huzinaga three‐gaussian expansions for ls and 3d atomic orbitals have been employed without alteration. The valence description of the 3‐21G basis sets comprises 3d‐, 4s‐ and 4p‐type functions, each of which has been split into two‐ and one‐gaussian parts. 4p functions, while not populated in the ground state of the free atoms, are believed to be important to the description of the bonding in molecules. The performance of the 3‐21G basis sets is examined with regard to the calculation of equilibrium geometries and normalmode vibrational frequencies for a variety of inorganic and organometallic compounds containing first‐row transition metals. Calculated equilibrium structures, while generally superior to those obtained at STO‐3G, are not as good as those for compounds containing main‐group elements only. The calculations generally underestimate the lengths of double bonds between transition metals and main‐group elements, and overestimate the lengths of single linkages. Calculated normal‐mode vibrational frequencies for metal‐containing systems are less uniform than in those for main‐group compounds.
An Approach To Task Modeling For User Interface Design (2007)

The model-based approach to user interface design relies on developing separate models capturing various aspects about users, tasks, application domain, presentation and dialog structures. This paper presents a task modeling approach for user interface design and aims at exploring mappings between task, domain and presentation models. The basic idea of our approach is to identify typical configurations in task and domain models and to investigate how they relate each other. A special emphasis is put on applicationspecific functions and mappings between domain objects and operational task structures. In this respect, we will address two layers in task decomposition: a functional (planning) layer and an operational layer.
SemEval-2007 task 04 (2007)

The NLP community has shown a renewed interest in deeper semantic analyses, among them automatic recognition of relations between pairs of words in a text. We present an evaluation task designed to provide a framework for comparing different approaches to classifying semantic relations between nominals in a sentence. This is part of SemEval, the 4th edition of the semantic evaluation event previously known as SensEval. We define the task, describe the training/test data and their creation, list the participating systems and discuss their results. There were 14 teams who submitted 15 systems.
Continuously variable true time-delay optical feeder for phased-array antenna employing chirped fiber grating (1997)

In this paper, we present and demonstrate a novel approach of a true time-delay (TTD) optical feeder for phased-array antennas (PAAs). A continuously variable TTD is achieved by employing tunable lasers and a wide-bandwidth chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the dispersive element. The results show that a very high resolution performance (equivalent to a 6-b microwave phase shifter) is obtained for an L-band PAA employing narrow-tuning bandwidth lasers with a wavelength stability of 0.005 nm and a 4-nm bandwidth chirped grating with a dispersion of 835 ps/nm.
Endocytosis-Independent Function of Clathrin Heavy Chain in the Control of Basal NF-κB Activation (2011)

We conclude that CHC functions as a built-in molecular brake that ensures a tight control of basal NF-κB activation and gene expression in unstimulated cells. Furthermore, our data suggest a potential link between a defect in CHC expression and chronic inflammation disorder and cancer.
Structural Mechanism of Muscle Contraction (1999)

X-ray crystallography shows the myosin cross-bridge to exist in two conformations, the beginning and end of the "power stroke." A long lever-arm undergoes a 60 degrees to 70 degrees rotation between the two states. This rotation is coupled with changes in the active site (OPEN to CLOSED) and phosphate release. Actin binding mediates the transition from CLOSED to OPEN. Kinetics shows that the binding of myosin to actin is a two-step process which affects ATP and ADP affinity. The structural basis of these effects is not explained by the presently known conformers of myosin. Therefore, other states of the myosin cross-bridge must exist. Moreover, cryoelectronmicroscopy has revealed other angles of the cross-bridge lever arm induced by ADP binding. These structural states are presently being characterized by site-directed mutagenesis coupled with kinetic analysis.
A Dual-Frequency Omnidirectional Antenna for Polarization Diversity of MIMO and Wireless Communication Applications (2009)

A dual-frequency polarization diversity antenna is present for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed antenna produces horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation fields caused by constant current distribution on its wing structures. The measured return losses of 18 and 19 dB are achieved at 2.45 and 3.9 GHz, respectively. The omnidirectional radiation patterns are achieved for dual-band MIMO systems and other wireless communication applications.
Mobile inverted-repeat elements of the Tourist familyare associated with the genes of many cereal grasses. (1994)

Tourist was originally described as a 128-bp insertion mutation in the maize wx-B2 allele. Subsequent analysis revealed that Tourist elements are in the introns or flanking sequences of 11 maize genes and a single barley gene. In this study we report that Tourist elements are frequently associated with the wild-type genes of two other grasses, rice and sorghum. Six of 35 rice and 5 of 8 sorghum complete gene sequences reported to date contain Tourist elements. Furthermore, 11 additional maize genes have been found to contain Tourist elements, bringing the current total of elements associated with maize genes to 23. Sequence comparison of Tourist elements has led to the identification of four subfamilies, designated A-D. Evidence is presented for the recent mobility of elements in three of these subfamilies and in three of the four grass species. These data suggest that Tourist elements are highly repetitive in the genomes of some and perhaps all members of the grasses.
The effect of backing material on the transmitting response level and bandwidth of a wideband underwater transmitting transducer using 1-3 piezocomposite material (2010)

Increasing operating depths of autonomous underwater vehicles have necessitated the development of underwater transducers that can operate at a greater depth. This paper investigates the possibility of incorporating rigid backing material into the transducer design to increase its stiffness and depth capability without adversely affecting its wide bandwidth and high transmitting levels. The transducer design under consideration uses 1-3 piezocomposite material, matching layer, coupling layer, stiff backing material (backing plates) and operates at 300 kHz with 200 kHz 6dB bandwidth.
High‐density polyethylene fractionation with supercritical propane (1999)

During the development of column extraction techniques, two methods of separation were identified. The first method is based on altering polymer solubility by varying the ratio of solvent in a solvent/nonsolvent mixture at a constant temperature above the polymer melting point (gradient solvent elution fractionation). This method fractionates polymers according to molecular weight. The second method is based on altering polymer solubility by varying solvent temperature (temperature rising elution fractionation—TREF). TREF fractionates semicrystalline polymers with respect to their crystallizability, independently of molecular weight effects. In the present article, supercritical propane will be used to fractionate a high-density polyethylene sample by molecular weight and short chain branching. The main advantage of supercritical fluid fractionation is that large polymer fractions with narrow molecular weight distributions (isothermal fractionation) or narrow short chain branching distributions (isobaric fractionation) can be obtained without using hazardous organic chlorinated solvents. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 553–560, 1999
NMR detection in biofluid extracts at sub-μM concentrations via para-H<sub>2</sub> induced hyperpolarization (2016)

NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques to simultaneously obtain qualitative and quantitative information in chemical analysis. Despite its versatility, the applications of NMR in the study of biofluids are often limited by the insensitivity of the technique, further aggravated by the poor signal dispersion in the (1)H spectra. Recent advances in para-H2 induced hyperpolarization have proven to address both these limitations for specific classes of compounds. Herein, this approach is for the first time applied for quantitative determination in biofluid extracts. We demonstrate that a combination of solid phase extraction, para-hydrogen induced hyperpolarization and selective NMR detection quickly reveals a doping substance, nikethamide, at sub-μM concentrations in urine. We suggest that this method can be further optimized for the detection of different analytes in various biofluids, anticipating a wider application of hyperpolarized NMR in metabolomics and pharmacokinetics studies in the near future.
Process Model and Control System for the Glass Fiber Drawing Process (2010)

Drawing of glass fibers is an important industrial process used for manufacture of a variety of materials ranging from optical communications cables to fiber filter media. A variety of machines exist for performing the drawing function, but all share similar problems with control of the fiber diameters and breakage of the fibers during the extrusion process. In many cases, control systems are not configured to monitor the most critical process variables-- temperature of molten glass in the furnace, but instead use only furnace crown temperature. Upsets in disturbance variables such as ambient temperature are compensated manually by operators, usually only after significant problems with fiber breakage occur. This work seeks to provide better understanding of the effects of important process variables on the key quality and production parameters such as fiber diameter and production rates, and to develop an effective control model to monitor molten glass temperature and winder speed for good production quality even if some disturbance happens.;First an analytical model of the glass fiber based primarily on Glicksman's work was developed, with the addition of a radiative heat transfer component and the addition of temperature-dependent relationships for physical properties of soda-lime glass. The model is valid for fibers in the central attenuation region, where most of fiber attenuation and breakage happens. Parametric studies have been done using the model to evaluate the effects of variation in the ambient temperature and variation of the molten glass depth in the furnace. These studies have shown that even modest changes ambient temperature and molten glass depth can generate significant changes in the final diameter of the glass fibers.;Based on those results, a state space model of the furnace has been constructed and used as the basis of a state reduced-order estimator to provide an accurate estimate of the temperature of the molten glass at the furnace bottom. A LQR controller with a reference input was applied in the model for bottom glass temperature control. A winder speed controller has been developed in parallel in order to compensate for the long time delay between application of burner firing rate changes and the response of the thermal system. Then multivariable control analysis was done on variation of ambient temperature and variation of molten glass depth. The control model manipulates both the winder speed and the burner firing rate, bringing the process back to design conditions even if some disturbance occurs, and allows greater
Improvement of crosstalk tolerance in optical cross-connectsby regenerative frequency converters (1996)

Crosstalk penalty in optical networks is investigated in a loop experiment at 5 Gbit/s. The authors demonstrate that in-band crosstalk can be tolerated for ≤ –19.5 dB per cross-connect within a penalty of 2 dB (BER = 10-9) for a chain of five transparent cross-connect paths with regenerative optical frequency converters.
Spike Removal and Denoising of Raman Spectra by Wavelet Transform Methods (2001)

Wavelet decompositions of Raman spectra were investigated with respect to their usability for spike removal and denoising of the raw data. It could be shown that those operations should be performed sequentially. Suppression of spikes is not straightforwardly possible by wavelet transformation; however, the wavelet transform may be used to recognize the spikes by their first level detail coefficients. Spike locations could be projected from the details to the approximations and, further, to appropriate locations of the original spectrum. After spike recognition, those regions will be replaced by interpolated values. To complete processing, denoising is performed with the despiked spectrum by repeated application of wavelet transform methods.
Engineering Properties of Sea Ice (1977)

Abstract As the continental shelves of the Arctic become important as source areas for the oil and minerals required by human society, sea ice becomes an increasing challenge to engineers. The present paper starts with a consideration of the different fields of engineering which require information on sea ice with the tasks ranging from the design of ice-breaking ships to Arctic drilling platforms and man-made ice islands. Then the structure of sea ice is described as it influences the observed variations in physical properties. Next the status of our knowledge of the physical properties important to engineering is reviewed. Properties discussed include mechanical properties (compressive, tensile, shear and flexural strengths; dynamic and static elastic moduli; Poisson’s ratio), friction and adhesion, thermal properties (specific and latent heats, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, density) and finally electromagnetic properties (dielectric permittivity and loss, resistivity). Particular attention is given to parameters such as temperature, strain-rate, brine volume, and loading direction as they affect property variations. Gaps, contradictions in the data, and inadequacies in testing techniques are pointed out. Finally suggestions are made for future research, especially for more basic laboratory studies designed to provide the data base upon which further theoretical developments as well as field studies can be built.
Picosecond pulse generation from InGaAsP lasers at 1.25 and 1.3 µm by electrical pulse pumping (1981)

Picosecond optical pulses are generated from InGaAsP lasers by short electrical pulse pumping, Detection limited pulses with a duration of less than 66 ps are observed. In this paper, we report the characteristics of the light output. Results on the stacking of pulses as close as 220 ps are also presented.
Superficial mycoses: treatment with a new, broad-spectrum antifungal agent: 1% clotrimazole solution (1977)

A 1% clotrimazole solution was used as an antifungal for Tinea versicolor, Cutaneous Candidiasis and Dermatophytosis. All studies were double-blind and controlled, active vs vehicle. The final evaluation was made at a two-week follow-up after the treatment was stopped, which for most of the clinical conditions studied, was 28 days. The 1% clotrimazole solution was found to be effective with no local irritation noted.
Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd:Glass laser and nonlinear fiber (2003)

Ultrahigh resolution, real time OCT imaging is demonstrated using a compact femtosecond Nd:Glass laser that is spectrally broadened in a high numerical aperture single mode fiber. A reflective grating phase delay scanner enables broad bandwidth, high-speed group delay scanning. We demonstrate in vivo, ultrahigh resolution, real time OCT imaging at 1 microm center wavelength with <5 microm axial resolution in free space (<4 microm in tissue). The light source is robust, portable, and well suited for in vivo imaging studies.
An online active set strategy to overcome the limitations of explicit MPC (2007)

Abstract Nearly all algorithms for linear model predictive control (MPC) either rely on the solution of convex quadratic programs (QPs) in real time, or on an explicit precalculation of this solution for all possible problem instances. In this paper, we present an online active set strategy for the fast solution of parametric QPs arising in MPC. This strategy exploits solution information of the previous QP under the assumption that the active set does not change much from one QP to the next. Furthermore, we present a modification where the CPU time is limited in order to make it suitable for strict real‐time applications. Its performance is demonstrated with a challenging test example comprising 240 variables and 1191 inequalities, which depends on 57 parameters and is prohibitive for explicit MPC approaches. In this example, our strategy allows CPU times of well below 100 ms per QP and was about one order of magnitude faster than a standard active set QP solver. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpersonal Distance as Affected by Room Size, Status, and Sex (1975)

Summary The relation between room size and interpersonal distance as manifested in a seated conversation, as well as the effects of the sex and relative status of the speakers upon this distance, are examined. Subjects (n = 80) were asked to interact singly with one of 12 confederates in varying combinations of room size, status, and sex conditions. As predicted, the size of this interpersonal distance was inversely related to room size. A perceptual-behavioral threshold for room size was suggested, as it was also noted that the distance scores in the small room were distributed bimodally as opposed to the unimodal scores in the large room. Neither status nor sex was found to affect interpersonal distance consistently.
Extensible Programming for the 21st Century (2004)

In his keynote address at OOPSLA ’98, Sun Microsystems Fellow Guy L. Steele Jr. said, “From now on, a main goal in designing a language should be to plan for growth.” Functions, user-defined types, operator overloading, and generics (such as C++ templates) are no longer enough: tomorrow’s languages must allow programmers to add entirely new kinds of information to programs, and control how it is processed. This article argues that next-generation programming systems can accomplish this by combining three specific technologies.
<title>Tunable Diode Laser Measurements Of Carbon Monoxide In Engine Exhaust</title> (1983)

In the past few years we have made several studies of carbon monoxide (CO) in automotive exhaust with lead-salt tunable diode lasers. The laser system has several advantages over conventional exhaust analysis instrumentation including a fast response time (25 milliseconds) and the ability to measure CO in the presence of water vapor without interference. These studies were done using an engine dynamometer with a 5.7 ℓ V-8 engine. Initially, the CO was measured before and after the exhaust catalytic converter during step changes in the air-fuel ratio to study the dynamic response of the converter. The converter responded differently when the air-fuel ratio was switched from lean to rich than it did when switched from rich to lean. This behavior was attributed to chemical storage effects on the converter bed, among other factors. Next, the engine was closed-loop controlled at a given CO concentration level using the diode laser as a CO sensor rather than the conven-tional oxygen sensor. Limit cycle oscillations of the closed-loop system were substantially reduced by this method. Finally, a linearized model of the engine's CO emissions was developed based on the TDL measurements of CO during oscillation of the air-fuel ratio at different engine operating conditions.
Characteristics and specificity of acquired immunologic memory to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection. (1988)

The results herein show that mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and then exposed to a protracted course of isoniazid chemotherapy possess a heightened state of acquired resistance to subsequent challenge with the homologous organism. Our results provide the first evidence, moreover, that this resistance is mediated by a long-lived, cyclophosphamide- and irradiation-resistant L3T4+ Lyt-2- lymphocyte capable of giving rise to an accelerated re-emergence of resistance in the animal upon rechallenge. Evidence is also provided to show that triggering of this memory-immune T cell population in the re-challenged host was associated with the rapid emergence of non-specific resistance to secondary bacterial infection; however, the accelerated emergence of this population was only observed if the challenge inoculum consisted of the living organism. The relevance of this latter finding to strategies for vaccine development is discussed.
Risk Factors for Amputation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (1992)

Multiple risk factors exist along the continuum of conditions and events leading to lower extremity amputation in diabetes. Modification of certain risk factors by patients and health professionals may reduce the risk for amputation and thus decrease the human and dollar costs that accompany limb loss in this prevalent chronic disease.