gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous <i>in Situ</i> X-ray Diffraction and Calorimetric Studies as a Tool To Evaluate Gas Adsorption in Microporous Materials (2015)

Combined application of in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a novel technique for rapidly evaluating the suitability of microporous materials for postcombustion CO2 capture. Further, while many microporous materials show promise for CO2 capture, most are not evaluated in the presence of water vapor, a major component of postcombustion flue gas. As a demonstration of the versatility of XRD-DSC techniques, representatives of the classes of materials typically proposed for CO2 capture, zeolites, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were studied: zeolite NaX, Ni-MOF-74 [Ni2(dobdc); dobdc = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate], ZIF-7 [ZIF: zeolitic imidazole framework, Zn(phim)2; phim: benzimidazole], and SBMOF-1 [Ca(sdb); sdb: 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoate]. Although NaX and Ni-MOF-74 show very high affinity toward CO2 under idealized dry conditions, they are also very sensitive to the presence of water vapor and experience significant performance loss above 25% relative humidity (RH) at room temperature. Relative to NaX and Ni-MOF-74, ZIF-7 and SBMOF-1 show strong CO2 affinity even in the presence of 75% RH and may be more ideally suited for postcombustion flue gas CO2 capture than compounds with unsaturated metal sites. XRD-DSC is particularly powerful for evaluating the consequences of framework flexibility, with XRD providing the signature indicative of the structural rearrangement and the DSC providing the enthalpies of adsorption for each structure. This kind of detailed energy evaluation is not possible with other noncalorimetric methods.
Size Dependence of Confined Optical Modes in Photonic Quantum Dots (1997)

Confined optical modes in semiconductor microcavities with lateral sizes between 5 and 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m have been investigated by optical spectroscopy. In the laterally patterned structures the optical mode spectrum of the vertical cavity splits into several lines. With decreasing lateral size the modes shift to higher energies, and the splitting between the modes increases. The observed dot size variation of the optical eigenmodes is in quantitative agreement with numerical calculations of quantized photon states in these three-dimensional optical cavities.
Deep-brain stimulation: long-term analysis of complications caused by hardware and surgery--experiences from a single centre (2006)

Stereotactic implantation of electrodes for DBS, if performed with multiplanar three-dimensional imaging and advanced treatment planning software, is a safe procedure with no mortality and low morbidity. The main causes for the patients' prolonged hospital stay and repeated surgery were wound infections and hardware-related complications.
Multi-Valued Magneto-Optical Recording in TbFe/SiO Compositionally Modulated Films (1989)

Multi-level signals are written and read out in TbFe/SiO compositionally modulated films, which consist of thin amorphous TbFe layers separated by dielectric SiO layers. Writing of four-level signals is performed with four-level magnetic field taking advantage of the fact that the coercive forces of three TbFe layers in the film are different from one to another. The four-level signals are read out through Faraday rotation which depends on the configurations of magnetization of the films. TbFe/SiO compositionally modulated films are potential media for magneto-optical recording with bit density several times as high as current magneto-optical recording disks.
Thermal response test : in situ measurements of thermal properties in hard rock (1998)

Epididymal lithiasis is a dysfunction characterized by formation of calcium-rich stones in the epididymal region of roosters, associated with decreased serum testosterone and loss of fertility. The segment most affected by the lithiasis is the efferent ductules, which, in birds, are responsible for reabsorption of calcium and luminal fluid. Therefore, we postulated that epididymal lithiasis could result from local impairment of calcium or fluid homeostasis, culminating in initiation of stone formation. Transepithelial calcium transport depends on vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 receptor (VDR). Based on the fact that VDR are present in efferent ductules, possible changes in the pattern of VDR in roosters affected by the epididymal lithiasis was investigated, to start to gain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of calcium stones. To evaluate the potential impact of androgen reduction, changes in androgen receptor (AR) were also investigated. Both VDR and AR were increased in specific segments of the epididymal region, whereas no alterations were found in the testes of affected animals. The increase in VDR was most likely due to an increase in the number of VDR-positive mononuclear leukocyte infiltrates found in the connective tissue followed by an increase in epithelial receptors. The AR were increased, however, mainly in the epididymal duct epithelium. These results suggest that the vitamin D3 and androgen responsive system may be directly/indirectly involved in the development of the disease.
CheCL: Transparent Checkpointing and Process Migration of OpenCL Applications (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new transparent checkpoint/restart (CPR) tool, named CheCL, for high-performance and dependable GPU computing. CheCL can perform CPR on an OpenCL application program without any modification and recompilation of its code. A conventional check pointing system fails to checkpoint a process if the process uses OpenCL. Therefore, in CheCL, every API call is forwarded to another process called an API proxy, and the API proxy invokes the API function, two processes, an application process and an API proxy, are launched for an OpenCL application. In this case, as the application process is not an OpenCL process but a standard process, it can be safely check pointed. While CheCL intercepts all API calls, it records the information necessary for restoring OpenCL objects. The application process does not hold any OpenCL handles, but CheCL handles to keep such information. Those handles are automatically converted to OpenCL handles and then passed to API functions. Upon restart, OpenCL objects are automatically restored based on the recorded information. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of transparent check pointing of OpenCL programs including MPI applications, and quantitatively evaluates the runtime overheads. It is also discussed that CheCL can enable process migration of OpenCL applications among distinct nodes, and among different kinds of compute devices such as a CPU and a GPU.
The gas phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene over nickel/silica (1999)

The gas phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene over the temperature range 473 K⩽T⩽573 K has been studied using a 1.5% (w/w) Ni/SiO2 catalyst. Reproducible turnover frequencies are quoted and the effects of varying such process variables as reaction time and temperature, contact time, chlorobenzene and hydrogen partial pressures are presented. The catalyst was 100% selective in promoting hydrodechlorination and the aromatic ring remained intact in every instance. Under reaction conditions far removed from equilibrium conversions, the catalyst exhibited no appreciable short term deactivation while the maintenance of long term activity was also established. Chlorine coverage of the catalyst surface under reaction conditions was probed indirectly by monitoring, via pH changes in an aqueous NaOH trap, HCl desorption after completion of the catalytic step. The hydrogenolysis of bromobenzene, 2-chlorophenol and 3-chlorotoluene under the same reaction conditions were considered for comparative purposes where the turnover frequencies decrease (at 573 K) in the order 2-chlorophenol>3-chlorotoluene>chlorobenzene>bromobenzene; reactivity is discussed in terms of thermodynamic limitations and reactant/catalyst interactions. Reaction orders with respect to hydrogen and chlorobenzene partial pressures were obtained at different reaction temperatures and the experimental rate data are adequately represented by an extended power rate expression that approximates the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model for non-competitive adsorption. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental Study of Co-Injection of Potential Solvents with Steam to Enhance SAGD Process (2011)

Abstract Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the preferred in-situ technology to recover heavy oil and bitumen from Canadian reservoirs. It is commercially proven, delivers high oil rates and high ultimate recoveries. Given the large energy requirement and the volume of emitted greenhouse gases from SAGD process, there is a strong motivation to develop enhanced oil recovery processes with lower energy and emission intensities. Addition of potential alkane solvents to steam in processes such as ES-SAGD can reduce the high use of energy and green-house emissions in SAGD. Potential hydrocarbon additives provide an additional means to raise oil phase mobility beyond that achieved by heat. Numerous simulation studies are published on the effect of hydrocarbon additives on SAGD process but few experimental results exist in public domain. Often, Conflicting results exist both in simulation studies and even field tests. In addition, numerical simulations are unable to fully capture the mechanism of hybrid steam solvent processes. This paper summarizes experimental results of addition of potential solvents to steam in SAGD process. N-hexane was selected as the preferred additive to be co-injected with the steam and the experimental result are compared with pure steam injection process. Experiments were conducted using a scaled two dimensional cylindrical model. Peace River Bitumen samples were used to conduct the experiments at 80 psia. Experimental results were analyzed to determine the key parameters involved in solvent assisted SAGD processes. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of hydrocarbon additives to enhance SAGD process. Co-injection of potential solvents led to accelerated oil production rate, higher oil recovery and lower energy to oil ratio.
Bimodality of Theta Phase Precession in Hippocampal Place Cells in Freely Running Rats (2002)

The firing of hippocampal principal cells in freely running rats exhibits a progressive phase retardation as the animal passes through a cell's "place" field. This "phase precession" is more complex than a simple linear shift of phase with position. In the present paper, phase precession is quantitatively analyzed by fitting multiple (1-3) normal probability density functions to the phase versus position distribution of spikes in rats making repeated traversals of the place fields. The parameters were estimated by the Expectation Maximization method. Three data sets including CA1 and DG place cells were analyzed. Although the phase-position distributions vary among different cells and regions, this complexity is well described by a superposition of two normal distribution functions, suggesting that the firing behavior consists of two components. This conclusion is supported by the existence of two distinct maxima in the mean spike density in the phase versus position plane. In one component, firing phase shifts over a range of about 180 degrees. The second component, which occurs near the end of the traversal of the place field, exhibits a low correlation between phase and position and is anti-phase with the phase-shift component. The functional implications of the two components are discussed with respect to their possible contribution to learning and memory mechanisms.
A TRIF-Independent Branch of TLR3 Signaling (2012)

dsRNA is a common pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is recognized by cellular TLR3 and used by virus-infected cells to activate specific transcription factors and trigger induction of antiviral genes. In this article, we report a new branch of TLR3 signaling that does not lead to gene induction but affects many cellular properties, such as cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. We demonstrated that the migration of multiple cell lineages was affected by dsRNA treatment or influenza virus infection in a TLR3-dependent fashion. Surprisingly, for this effect of TLR3 signaling, the adaptor proteins, TRIF and MyD88, were not required. The effects of the new pathway were mediated by the proto-oncoprotein c-Src, which bound to TLR3 after dsRNA stimulation of cells. The response was biphasic: upon dsRNA treatment, we observed an immediate increase in cell motility followed by its strong inhibition. Our results indicate that the first phase was mediated by dsRNA-induced phosphorylation and activation of Src, whereas the second phase resulted from the sequestration of activated Src in lipid rafts, thus decreasing its active cytoplasmic pool. As expected, two other functions of Src, its effect on cell adhesion and cell proliferation, were also inhibited by dsRNA treatment. These results demonstrate that activated TLR3 can engage Src to trigger multiple cellular effects and reveal a possible link between innate immune response and cell growth regulation. This study also provides a rare example of TLR-mediated cellular effects that do not require gene induction and the first example, to our knowledge, of an adaptor-independent effect of any TLR.
Alignment of Lamellar Block Copolymer Microstructure in an Electric Field. 2. Mechanisms of Alignment (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlignment of Lamellar Block Copolymer Microstructure in an Electric Field. 2. Mechanisms of AlignmentKarl Amundson, Eugene Helfand, Xina Quan, Steven D. Hudson, and Steven D. SmithCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 22, 6559–6570Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00100a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00100a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1443Altmetric-Citations234LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The shoulder–hand syndrome after stroke: A prospective clinical trial (1994)

Shoulder-hand syndrome developed in 36 (27%) of 132 hemiplegic patients in a prospective study. Subluxation, paresis of the shoulder girdle, moderate spasticity, and deficits in confrontation visual field testing were the major risk factors. In a placebo-controlled, nonblinded trial, 31 of the 36 patients became almost symptom free within 10 days' treatment with low doses of oral corticosteroids. Shoulder joint capsules taken at autopsy of 7 patients showed signs of previous trauma of the affected shoulder. In the second part of this study on another 86 patients, early awareness of potential injuries to shoulder joint structures reduced the frequency of shoulder-hand syndrome from 27 to 8%. These clinical findings suggest that shoulder-hand syndrome in hemiplegia is initiated by peripheral lesions. A self-perpetuating vicious cycle may be established, followed by the clinical picture of a "reflex sympathetic dystrophy." In the majority of stroke patients, this clinical phenomenon seems to be preventable by avoiding shoulder trauma.
A Streamline Approach for History-Matching Production Data (2000)

Abstract This study proposes and develops a streamline approach for inferring field-scale effective permeability distributions based on dynamic production data including producer water-cut curve, well pressures, and rates. The approach simplifies the history-matching process significantly. The basic idea is to relate the fractional-flow curve at a producer to the water breakthrough of individual streamlines. By adjusting the effective permeability along streamlines, the breakthrough time of each streamline is found that reproduces the reference producer fractional-flow curve. Then the permeability modification along each streamline is mapped onto cells of the simulation grid. Modifying effective permeability at the streamline level greatly reduces the size of the inverse problem compared to modifications at the grid-block level. The approach outlined here is relatively direct and greatly reduces the computational work by eliminating the repeated inversion of a system of equations. It works well for reservoirs where heterogeneity determines flow patterns. Example cases illustrate computational efficiency, generality, and robustness of the proposed procedure. Advantages and limitations of this work, and the scope of future study, are also discussed.
A novel complete radiation protection system eliminates physician radiation exposure and leaded aprons (2012)

The novel radiation protection system described is the first to provide a complete radiation barrier that eliminates radiation exposure to operators, thereby obviating the need for orthopedically burdensome leaded aprons. This approach to radiation protection has promise to enhance the safety and occupational health of medical personnel in the catheterization laboratory.
Ionized plasma vapor deposition and filtered arc deposition; processes, properties and applications (1999)

Recent innovations in vacuum arc deposition have resulted in the development of the filtered arc source as a deposition tool for a range of technologically important materials. The vacuum arc was recognized early on as a potentially useful source of energetic, ionized material and a practical high rate method for depositing thin films with bulk properties and the deposition of new materials. The inherent problem of microdroplet contamination was overcome by several approaches, the toroidal magnetic duct being the most prevalent. The present state-of-the-art of filtered arc deposition is discussed in terms of the current understanding of the emitted fluxes, the properties of the materials deposited by these devices and new applications.
Modeling Fluid Invasion and Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Naturally Fractured Rock: A Three-Dimensional Approach (2010)

Abstract It has progressively become more accepted that fracture growth, particularly in extremely low permeability, naturally fractured reservoirs cannot be reliably represented by conventional planar simulations. Characterizing evolution of multiple, non-planar, interconnected, and possibly non-vertical hydraulic fractures requires hydraulic and mechanical characterization of the nominally intact matrix as well as existing latent or healed fracture networks. This paper describes an approach to representing and assessing complex fracture growth and associated production prediction through this generated fracture. There are three stages in this protocol. The first is a representation of the fracture networks. The second is importing this DFN (discrete fracture network) into a coupled geomechanical simulator and representation of fracture evolution. The final step is importing the resultant conductive system into a multiphase DFN reservoir simulator for the prediction of production rates and the generation of pressure and saturation maps. The complex fracture network evolution during stimulation is represented using a Discrete Element Method, DEM – starting from the representation of a naturally fractured reservoir and modeling complex, non-planar, hydraulic fracture propagation. A representative fracture network was used under a variety of conditions. The objectives of this modeling include: 1) assessing the effects that operational parameters (such as injection rate) have on the volumetric extent of the fracture system or domain and the extent of fluid penetration in the natural fractures; and 2) assessing the degree of water blocking and loss of conductivity in the fracture system using a DFN reservoir simulation model. Both these issues are crucial for treatments in shale gas systems.
Predictive value of tissue plasminogen activator mass concentration on long-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. A 7-year follow-up. (1993)

An increased mass concentration of t-PA is a new risk factor of long-term mortality in patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery stenosis. This paradoxical effect probably reflects increased t-PA levels attributable to enzyme inhibitor complex formation in subjects with increased plasma levels of t-PA inhibitors.
Nanocrystallized CdS beneath the Surface of a Photoconductor for Detection of UV Light with Picowatt Sensitivity (2014)

In this study, we demonstrated that the improvement of detection capability of cadmium sulfide (CdS) photoconductors in the ultraviolet (UV) regime is much larger than that in the visible regime, suggesting that the deep UV laser-treated CdS devices are very suitable for low-light detection in the UV regime. We determined that a nanocrystallized CdS photoconductor can behave as a picowatt-sensitive detector in the UV regime after ultra-shallow-region crystallization of the CdS film upon a single shot from a KrF laser. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra revealed that laser treatment increased the degree of crystallization of the CdS and led to the effective removal of defects in the region of a few tens nanometers beneath the surface of CdS, confirming the result by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Optical simulations suggested that UV light was almost completely absorbed in the shallow region beneath the surface of the CdS films, consistent with the observed region that underwent major crystal structure transformation. Accordingly, we noted a dramatic enhancement in responsivity of the CdS devices in the UV regime. Under a low bias voltage (1 mV), the treated CdS device provided a high responsivity of 74.7 A W(-1) and a detectivity of 1.0×10(14) Jones under illumination with a power density of 1.9 nW cm(-2). Even when the power of the UV irradiation on the device was only 3.5 pW, the device exhibited extremely high responsivity (7.3×10(5) A W(-1)) and detectivity (3.5×10(16) Jones) under a bias voltage of 1 V. Therefore, the strategy proposed in this study appears to have great potential for application in the development of CdS photoconductors for picowatt-level detection of UV light with low power consumption.
Role of antioxidant systems in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells (2000)

These data suggest that enhanced ability in scavenging free radicals by antioxidant enzymes and thiol compounds may, at least in part, contribute to the resistance of bone metastatic prostate cancer during chemotherapy.