gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulation in the nest of the Neotropical Stingless bee<i>Scaptotrigona postiça</i>and a hypothesis on the evolution of temperature homeostasis in highly Eusocial bees (1995)

In the Brazilian stingless bee, Scaptotrigona postiça, social thermorégulation was studied. Intranidal temperature was recorded in different parts of the nest and related to changes in ambient temperature. In addition, cooling and overheating experiments were carried out using colonies in laboratory observation hives. The brood chamber is the warmest part of the nest, well insulated by a multi‐layered involucrum. In the brood nest 32 ± 3° C were measured. In case of low aerial temperature the bees are capable of heating up the brood combs by mass incubation. In addition, cold spots around the brood chamber are insulated by covering with cerumen, and the entrance is more or less closed. Overheating of the brood is reduced by accelerated and aligned fanning and withdrawal of all the bees from the combs. Any direct cooling by evaporation of water could not be observed and probably is not needed in natural nests of Sc. postiça which are built in trunk cavities of old trees in the neotropical rain forest. The importance of temperature homeostasis in the nest of stingless bees with perennial colonies and permanent brooding activity in tropical climate and a hypothesis on the evolution of thermorégulation in the highly eusocial Meliponidae and Apidae are discussed.
Role of the B-cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: where do we stand? (2010)

The past 15 years have witnessed an enormous effort in studying B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. A great number of researches brought significant novel information and a better understanding of the natural history of this disease. This mini review will focus on the studies related to the Immunoglobulin variable (IgV) genes rearrangements that compose the B-cell receptor (BcR) of the leukemic clones. These studies have defined a role for the antigen(s) in the paths that lead to leukemic clone generation/expansion and underscore the informative value represented by BcR analyses.
3-T MRI for Differentiating Inflammation- and Fibrosis-Predominant Lesions of Usual and Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia: Comparison Study with Pathologic Correlation (2008)

Multiphase dynamic enhancement studies with a turbo field-echo sequence and T2-weighted triple-inversion black blood TSE images on 3-T MRI appear to be useful for differentiating inflammation- and fibrosis-predominant lesions.
The GuideLine Interchange Format: A Model for Representing Guidelines (1998)

GLIF was sufficient to model the guidelines for the four conditions that were examined. GLIF needs improvement in standard representation of medical concepts, criterion logic, temporal information, and uncertainty.
Vesicles containing Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 remain above pH 6 within HEC-1B cells (1996)

Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 is an obligate intracellular bacterium which is internalized in target epithelial cells by endocytosis and resides within a membrane-bound vesicle. Over the next several hours following entry, individual serovar L2-containing vesicles fuse with one another to form a single membrane-bound vesicle (or inclusion) within which the microcolony develops. The experiments reported here directly examined the pH of vesicles containing chlamydiae. The pH was determined by measuring emission ratios of the fluorescent, pH-sensitive probe SNAFL (5-[and 6-]-carboxyseminaphthofluorescein-1, succinimidyl ester) conjugated to chlamydiae. The pH remained above 6.0 at 2, 4, and 12 h after infection, while the pH of vesicles contained heat-killed organisms fell 5.3. In the presence of amines, which raise the pH of acidic compartments, C. trachomatis inclusion formation was unaffected. Inactivation of Na+,K+ -ATPases, the ion pumps responsible for maintaining a pH above 6 within early endocytic vesicles, inhibited the growth of C. trachomatis within epithelial cells. Preventing vesicular acidification by inhibiting the vacuolar proton ATPase did not affect chlamydial growth. Thus, chlamydiae do not reside within highly acidic vesicles and avoid the pathway leading to lysosomes.
A 1.8mW 2MHz-BW 66.5dB-SNDR &#x0394;&#x03A3; ADC using VCO-based integrators with intrinsic CLA (2013)

This paper presents a scaling-friendly continuous-time closed-loop VCO-based ΔΣ ADC. It uses the VCO as both quantizer and integrator, and thus, obviates the need for power-hungry scaling-unfriendly OTAs and precision comparators. It arranges two VCOs in a pseudo-differential manner, which cancels out even-order distortions. More importantly, it brings an intrinsic clocked averaging (CLA) capability that automatically addresses DAC mismatches. The prototype ADC in 130nm CMOS occupies a small area of 0.03mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and achieves 66.5dB SNDR over 2MHz BW while sampling at 300MHz and consuming 1.8mW under a 1.2V power supply. It can also operate with a low analog supply of 0.7V and achieves 65.8dB SNDR while consuming 1.1mW. The corresponding figure-of-merits (FOMs) for the two cases are 0.25pJ/step and 0.17pJ/step respectively.
Nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced phenomena in Josephson junctions (1996)

We show that nonequilibrium current fluctuations of various types can give rise to net voltages in superconducting tunnel junctions. This is the result of a fluctuation-induced net rate of change of the phase difference of the superconducting order parameter across the junction. Various exact expressions are derived for the mean voltage and are evaluated explicitly in certain limits, as well as by numerical simulations. We show that these phenomena are due to an asymmetry in the spectral properties of the current noise, which should be a fairly ubiquitous feature of nonequilibrium fluctuations in nature. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
도학의 전승구조로써의 전통 활쏘기에 대한 연구: 강호 김숙자의 학규를 중심으로 (2020)

본 연구는 성리학의 전승구조가 문(文)을 통한 전승과 무(武:활)를 통한 전승으로 양분되었을 것이라는 가정 하에 활발히 논의된 文의 전승은 제외하고 활쏘기를 통한 전승이 15, 16세기를 거치면서 어떻게 변화 발전되었는가를 고찰한 것이다. 특히 강호 김숙자의 학규는 15세기 무렵 새로운 텍스트로 등장하는 활쏘기의 양상과 변화의 특질을 전형적으로 보여주는 것으로 우리나라 도학의 전승구조를 밝히는 데 매우 유용한 발견이었다. 이를 통해 조선의 성리학이 주자를 계승 발전하여 새로운 정통성을 복원하는 과정에서 활쏘기가 경(敬)의 사상을 습득하는 중요한 매체임이 드러났다. 즉 활쏘기는 단순한 신체활동이 아닌 敬 공부의 핵심으로 도학전승의 변화 그 자체를 담보하는 것이었다. 이는 불교와 도교가 지나치게 정(靜)적인 것에 매몰되는 결함과 폐단을 극복하려는 방법론적 모색이며, 선미(禪味)를 제거해야 한다는 절박함의 산물이라 할 수 있다. 조선의 활쏘기는 이러한 맥락에서 그 전승의 구조가 재해석되어야 하며 본 연구는 그 작업의 효시로서의 학술적 가치를 가진다 할 것이다.
Mutations in the phosphorylase kinase gene PHKA2 are responsible for X-linked liver glycogen storage disease (1995)

Phosphorylase kinase (PHK) is a key enzyme in the control of glycogen breakdown. Several types of PHK deficiency have been described of which X-linked liver glycogenosis type I (XLG I) is the most common. Since the XLG I locus and the gene encoding the liver alpha-subunit gene of PHK (PHKA2) have both been localized to Xp22, PHKA2 was a candidate gene for XLG I. In this study we identified four point mutations in four unrelated XLG I patients: three mutations introduce a premature stop codon, whereas the fourth mutation abolishes a splice site consensus sequence leading to exon skipping. These findings indicate that PHKA2 is the XLG I gene.
Location and characterization of partial discharge sites in shielded power cables (1990)

An instrument capable of detecting and locating partial discharge sites and faults in shielded power cables was developed on behalf of a group of US electric utilities. The instrument uses state-of-the-art electronic hardware and advanced digital signal processing techniques. The partial discharge signals are reconstructed using the cable traveling wave characteristics (transfer function), and noise is reduced both through choice of hardware and by modern signal enhancement techniques. An adjunct instrument was also developed to correlate the location of a partial discharge site along the cable to the position along the surface of the cable burial trench. The principle and the implementation of the instrumentation package are described, and results obtained in the laboratory on a 175 m, 15 kV URD cable are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indium Bumps Investigation for the Flip-chip Assembly (2006)

Indium bumps properties for flip-chip assembly of InAs infrared detector arrays to multiplexers have been investigated. It is shown that the indium bumps fabricated by a vacuum indium deposition and a direct photolithography, contains a surface layer more rigid in comparison with the clean indium and having a poor adhesive ability. This release layer prevents bumps from the good adhesive contact during assembly and leads to bumps disconnection under a temperature cycling because of the difference in the thermal-expansion coefficients of the InAs infrared detector arrays and the silicon multiplexer. Precise chemical removal this layer and following bumps re-flow increases the adhesion strength between indium bumps more than two order
Entropic switch regulates myristate exposure in the HIV-1 matrix protein (2003)

The myristoylated matrix protein (myr-MA) of HIV functions as a regulator of intracellular localization, targeting the Gag precursor polyprotein to lipid rafts in the plasma membrane during virus assembly and dissociating from the membrane during infectivity for nuclear targeting of the preintegration complex. Membrane release is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of Gag, and it has, until now, been believed that proteolysis induces a conformational change in myr-MA that sequesters the myristyl group. NMR studies reported here reveal that myr-MA adopts myr-exposed [myr(e)] and -sequestered [myr(s)] states, as anticipated. Unexpectedly, the tertiary structures of the protein in both states are very similar, with the sequestered myristyl group occupying a cavity that requires only minor conformational adjustments for insertion. In addition, myristate exposure is coupled with trimerization, with the myristyl group sequestered in the monomer and exposed in the trimer (K(assoc) = 2.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(8) M(-2)). The equilibrium constant is shifted approximately 20-fold toward the trimeric, myristate-exposed species in a Gag-like construct that includes the capsid domain, indicating that exposure is enhanced by Gag subdomains that promote self-association. Our findings indicate that the HIV-1 myristyl switch is regulated not by mechanically induced conformational changes, as observed for other myristyl switches, but instead by entropic modulation of a preexisting equilibrium.
<title>Application of ultrashort laser pulses in dentistry</title> (1993)

The results of investigation of ultrashort Nd-laser pulses interaction with hard tooth tissues are represented. The values of laser radiation induced destruction thresholds and efficiencies of laser processing of enamel and dentin are measured. The results of observation of nonlinear optical effects of second harmonic generation and continuum generation in enamel and dentin below the damage thresholds are reported.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Radical Quantum Yields from Formaldehyde Photolysis in the 30 400–32 890 cm<sup>–1</sup>(304–329 nm) Spectral Region: Detection of Radical Photoproducts Using Pulsed Laser Photolysis–Pulsed Laser Induced Fluorescence (2012)

The relative quantum yield for the production of radical products, H + HCO, from the UV photolysis of formaldehyde (HCHO) has been measured using a pulsed laser photolysis–pulsed laser induced fluorescence (PLP–PLIF) technique across the 30,400–32,890 cm(–1) (304–329 nm) spectral region of the Ã(1)A2–X̃(1)A1 electronic transition. The photolysis laser had a bandwidth of 0.09 cm(–1), which is slightly broader than the Doppler width of a rotational line of formaldehyde at 300 K (0.07 cm(–1)), and the yield spectrum shows detailed rotational structure. The H and HCO photofragments were monitored using LIF of the OH radical as a spectroscopic marker. The OH radicals were produced by rapid reaction of the H and HCO photofragments with NO2. This technique produced an “action” spectrum that at any photolysis wavelength is the product of the H + HCO radical quantum yield and HCHO absorption cross section at the photolysis wavelength and is a relative measurement. Using the HCHO absorption cross section previously obtained in this laboratory, the relative quantum yield was determined two different ways. One produced band specific yields, and the other produced yields averaged over each 100 cm(–1). Yields were normalized to a value of 0.69 at 31,750 cm(–1) based on the current recommendation of Sander et al. (Sander, S. P.; Abbatt, J.; Barker, J. R.; Burkholder, J. B.; Friedl, R. R.; Golden, D. M.; Huie, R. E.; Kolb, C. E.; Kurylo, M. J.; Moortgat, G. K.; et al. Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation No. 17; Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Pasadena, CA, USA, 2011). The resulting radical quantum yields agree well with previous experimental studies and the current JPL recommendation but show greater wavelength dependent structure. A significant decrease in the quantum yield was observed for the 5(0)(1) + 1(0)(1)4(0)(1) combination band centered at 31,125 cm(–1). This band has a low absorption cross section and has little impact on the calculated atmospheric photodissociation rate but is a further indication of the complexity of HCHO photodissociation dynamics.
Multiattribute hashing using Gray codes (1986)

Multiattribute hashing and its variations have been proposed for partial match and range queries in the past. The main idea is that each record yields a bitstring @@@@ (“record signature”), according to the values of its attributes. The binary value (@@@@) 2 of this string decides the bucket that the record is stored. In this paper we propose to use Gray codes instead of binary codes, in order to map record signatures to buckets. In Gray codes, successive codewords differ in the value of exactly one bit position, thus, successive buckets hold records with similar record signatures. The proposed method achieves better clustering of similar records and avoids some of the (expensive) random disk accesses, replacing them with sequential ones. We develop a mathematical model, derive formulas giving the average performance of both methods and show that the proposed method achieves 0% - 50% relative savings over the binary codes. We also discuss how Gray codes could be applied to some retrieval methods designed for range queries, such as the grid file [Nievergelt84a] and the approach based on the so-called z -ordering [Orenstein84a].
Measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor α of semiconductor lasers (1983)

A theory of the amplitude and phase modulation characteristic of a single mode semiconductor laser is presented. In this model the amplitude modulation couples through the complex susceptibility of the gain medium to the phase. We show that this coupling constant can be obtained by a high-frequency modulation experiment. This measured coupling constant is used to infer the linewidth enhancement factor α as discussed by Henry, and Vahala and Yariv. Experiments confirmed the model and we measured a linewidth enhancement factor ‖α‖=4.6±1.0 for a GaAlAs buried optical guide laser.
What is the Conversation About? (2012)

In Social Commerce customers evolve to be an important information source for companies. Customers use the communication platforms of Web 2.0, for example Twitter, in order to express their sentiments about products or discuss their experiences with them. These sentiments can be very important for the development of products or the enhancement of marketing strategies. The research goal is to analyze customer sentiments in Twitter. The first step in the research is the detection of topics in Twitter entries which contain patterns of interest. For the topic detection, the authors use Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic modeling. The authors found event based topics in the exemplary context of Sony’s 3D TV sets. In future work, the authors will implement sentiment analysis algorithms in order to determine sentiments in the entries corresponding to the detected topics.
Robust MANET routing using adaptive path redundancy and coding (2009)

Providing efficient networking services in MANETs is very challenging in presence of mobility, unpredictable radio channel and interference: a significant number of packets can be corrupted and/or lost. To increase reliability, various measures have been proposed. A popular approach is to use multiple paths and transmit identical copies of the packet on each path (i.e., path redundancy). A more efficient way is to use random Network Coding on top of the multiple paths and send differently coded packets on each path. Network Coding can improve delivery efficiency. But, it also increases delays and network overhead. If channel disruption is intermittent, it behooves us to turn "on and off" path redundancy and Network Coding depending on measured packet loss. In this paper we compare via simulation the performance of multipath routing with and without Network Coding (and with/without dynamic adaptation) for various motion and packet loss scenarios in terms of reliability, efficiency, robustness, and scalability.
Autologous cultured keratinocytes on porcine gelatin microbeads effectively heal chronic venous leg ulcers (2004)

We have established a specific bioreactor microcarrier cell culture system using porcine gelatin microbeads as carriers to produce autologous keratinocytes on a large scale. Moreover, we have shown that autologous keratinocytes can be cultured on porcine collagen pads, thereby forming a single cell layer. The objective of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of autologous cultured keratinocytes on microbeads and collagen pads in the treatment of chronic wounds. Fifteen patients with recalcitrant venous leg ulcers were assigned to three groups in a single-center, prospective, uncontrolled study: five underwent a single treatment with keratinocyte monolayers on collagen pads (group 1); another five received a single grafting with keratinocyte-microbeads (group 2); and the last five received multiple, consecutive applications of keratinocyte-microbeads 3 days apart (group 3). All patients were followed for up to 12 weeks. By 12 weeks, there was a mean reduction in the initial wound area of 50, 83, and 97 percent in the three groups, respectively. The changes in wound size were statistically significant between the first and third groups (p= 0.0003). Keratinocyte-microbeads proved to be more effective than keratinocyte monolayers on collagen pads when the former were applied every 3 days. Rapid availability within 10-13 days after skin biopsy and easy handling represent particular advantages.
Voldotriton sinensis sp.nov.——A New Species of Mesozoic Salmander (2001)

Department, and Liaoning Academy of Geology and Mineral Resources Mesozoic Salmander fossils are very scarce and preserved in tatters. A well-preserved new species Voldotriton sinensis sp. nov. was discovered recently in Inner Mongolia, which is important material for the study on the early stage evolution of Mesozoic Salmanders.
Radiolabeled monoclonal anti-tumor antibodies in diagnosis and therapy. (1985)

Clinical work with radiolabeled anti-tumor antibodies has made remarkable progress in the past few years. Still, there is much to be done before these new reagents can have a substantial impact on the practical management of patients. In this discussion, the properties of an "ideal" radiolabeled antibody and important factors for in vivo localization in tumors are reviewed. Potential approaches to improving the localization of currently available "tumor specific" monoclonal antibodies are discussed and examples of patients examined and treated with this method are presented. Experience to date suggests that within the foreseeable future, radiolabeled antibody techniques will become a "genuinely decisive technology".
Recent molecular advances in studies of the concentrative Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent nucleoside transporter (CNT) family: identification and characterization of novel human and mouse proteins (hCNT3 and mCNT3) broadly selective for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (system<i>cib</i>) (2001)

The human concentrative (Na+-linked) plasma membrane transport proteins hCNT1 and hCNT2, found primarily in specialized epithelia, are selective for pyrimidine nucleosides (system cit) and purine nucleosides (system cif), respectively. Both have orthologs in other mammalian species and belong to a gene family (CNT) that also includes members in lower vertebrates, insects, nematodes, pathogenic yeast and bacteria. The CNT transporter family also includes a newly identified human and mouse CNT3 transporter isoform. This paper reviews the studies of CNT transport proteins that led to the identification of hCNT3 and mCNT3, and gives an overview of the structural and functional properties of these latest CNT family members. hCNT3 and mCNT3 have primary structures that place them in a CNT subfamily separate from CNT1/2, transport a wide range of physiological pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and antineoplastic and antiviral nucleoside drugs (system cib), and exhibit a Na+:uridine coupling ratio of at least 2:1 (cf 1:1 for hCNT1/2). Cells and tissues containing hCNT3 transcripts include mammary gland, differentiated HL-60 cells, pancreas, bone marrow, trachea, liver, prostrate and regions of intestine, brain and heart. In HL-60 cells, hCNT3 is transcriptionally regulated by phorbol myristate (PMA). The hCNT3 gene, which contains an upstream PMA response element, mapped to 9q22.2 (cf chromosome 15 for hCNT1 and hCNT2).
Enabling partial reconfiguration for coprocessors in mixed criticality multicore systems using PCI express single-root I/O virtualization (2014)

Especially in complex system-of-systems scenarios, where multiple high-performance or real-time processing functions need to co-exist and interact, reconfigurable devices together with virtualization techniques show considerable promise to increase efficiency, ease integration and maintain functional and non-functional properties of the individual functions. In this paper, we propose a concept that leverages the advantages of FPGA's partial reconfiguration in heterogeneous mixed criticality multicore systems. We describe the basic idea how to handle the partial reconfiguration transparently for non-critical tasks, while providing full control and a predictable behavior for safety relevant tasks. Our prototype is implemented on an Intel multicore system and a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA connected via PCI Express (PCIe), taking advantage of the Single-Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) capabilities in modern PCIe implementations. Preliminary experimental results show that our concept achieves significantly shorter reconfiguration time with lower variance compared to other solutions.