gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an ultrasonic echo-tracking method for measurements of arterial wall movements in two dimensions (2005)

The longitudinal movement of blood vessel walls has so far gained little or no attention, as it has been presumed that these movements are of a negligible magnitude. However, modern high-resolution ultrasound scanners can demonstrate that the inner layers of the arterial wall exhibit considerable movements in the longitudinal direction. This paper evaluates a new, noninvasive, echo-tracking technique, which simultaneously can track both the radial and the longitudinal movements of the arterial wall with high resolution in vivo. Initially, the method is evaluated in vitro using a specially designed ultrasound phantom, which is attached to and moved by an X-Y system, the movement of which was compared with two high-resolution triangulation lasers. The results show an inaccuracy of 2.5% full scale deflection (fsd), reproducibility of 12 microm and a resolution of 5 microm, which should be more than sufficient for in vivo studies. The ability of the method is also demonstrated in a limited in vivo study in which a preselected part of the inner vessel wall of the right common carotid artery of a healthy volunteer is tracked in two dimensions over many cardiac cycles. The results show well reproducible x-y movement loops in which the recorded radial and longitudinal movements both are of the magnitude millimetre.
Analytical Notes—An Investigation of the Applicability of Ferrate Ion for Disinfection (1976)

A series of investigations on Fe(VI) reveals its powerful oxidant qualities, studied in concentrations between 1.2 mg/l and 6 mg/l, are comparable to those of more common disinfectants, and also may reduce the organic precursors of organohalides.
Alternative Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Alginate from Fructose and Glucose in Pseudomonas Mendocina and Azotobacter Vinelandii (1987)

SUMMARY: The incorporation of specifically labelled sugars into alginate by mucoid strains of both Pseudomonas mendocina and Azotobacter vinelandii resulted in substantially different labelling patterns for fructose and glucose. Alginate was synthesized principally from degradation products of glucose, whereas the majority of the polymer produced from fructose was assembled from intact hexose units. A possible explanation for the limited synthesis of alginate from undegraded glucose molecules is that one of the necessary enzymes, glucose-phosphate isomerase, is subject to inhibition by 6-phosphogluconate, a metabolite involved in the catabolism of sugars via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway in both of the organisms.
TSVdb: a web-tool for TCGA splicing variants analysis (2018)

TSVdb will inspire oncologists and accelerate isoform-level advances in cancer research.
An exploration-exploitation model based on norepinepherine and dopamine activity (2005)

We propose a model by which dopamine (DA) and norepinepherine (NE) combine to alternate behavior between relatively exploratory and exploitative modes. The model is developed for a target detection task for which there is extant single neuron recording data available from locus coeruleus (LC) NE neurons. An exploration-exploitation trade-off is elicited by regularly switching which of the two stimuli are rewarded. DA functions within the model to change synaptic weights according to a reinforcement learning algorithm. Exploration is mediated by the state of LC firing, with higher tonic and lower phasic activity producing greater response variability. The opposite state of LC function, with lower baseline firing rate and greater phasic responses, favors exploitative behavior. Changes in LC firing mode result from combined measures of response conflict and reward rate, where response conflict is monitored using models of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Increased long-term response conflict and decreased reward rate, which occurs following reward contingency switch, favors the higher tonic state of LC function and NE release. This increases exploration, and facilitates discovery of the new target.
Comparison of a One-Dimensional Model of a High-Temperature Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack with CFD and Experimental Results (2005)

A one-dimensional model has been developed to predict the thermal and electrochemical behavior of a high-temperature steam electrolysis stack. This electrolyzer model allows for the determination of the average Nernst potential, cell operating voltage, gas outlet temperatures, and electrolyzer efficiency for any specified inlet gas flow rates, current density, cell active area, and external heat loss or gain. The model includes a temperature-dependent area-specific resistance (ASR) that accounts for the significant increase in electrolyte ionic conductivity that occurs with increasing temperature. Model predictions are shown to compare favorably with results obtained from a fully 3-D computational fluid dynamics model. The one-dimensional model was also employed to demonstrate the expected trends in electrolyzer performance over a range of operating conditions including isothermal, adiabatic, constant steam utilization, constant flow rate, and the effects of operating temperature.
Design and Characterization of a Dual-Mode CMOS-MEMS Resonator for TCF Manipulation (2014)

A novel complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor-microelectormechanical systems (CMOS-MEMS) composite ring resonator capable of a dual-mode operation has been proposed to enable temperature coefficient of frequency (TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> $ manipulation. To study the temperature dependence between dual modes, two resonant modes of a single resonator vibrating in the orthogonal axes (i.e., in-plane and out-of-plane) are chosen to enable a large difference of their TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> 's while not to sacrifice its form factor. By adjusting the constituent ratio and position of the composed metals and dielectrics through the computer-aided-design layout, different TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> 's have been successfully demonstrated in a single CMOS-MEMS resonator. By concurrently measuring the TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> 's of the in-plane and out-of-plane modes with a divider-based scaling concept, estimated minimum first- and second-order temperature sensitivities (0.53 and 0.29 ppm/°C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively) of their beat frequency can be obtained under proper scaling numbers for temperature-compensated clock applications. This paper also suggests that the first-order temperature coefficient of the beat frequency could be maximized under proper divider numbers. The process variations of the CMOS-MEMS resonators in terms of frequency, quality factor, and transmission magnitude are also intensively studied with an applicable amount of devices. The characterization result shows 1-σ frequency variations of 2,574 and 5,414 ppm for in-plane and out-of-plane modes, respectively.
Measurement of Dissolved H<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> in Groundwater Using Passive Samplers for Gas Chromatographic Analyses (2006)

A simple in-situ passive dissolved gas groundwater sampler, comprised of a short length of silicone tubing attached to a gastight or other syringe, was adapted and tested for in-situ collection of equilibrium gas samples. Sampler retrieval after several days of immersion in groundwater allowed the direct injection of the sample onto a gas chromatograph (GC), simplifying field collection and sample handling over the commonly used "bubble stripping" method for H2 analyses. A GC was modified by sequencing a thermal conductivity (TC) detector followed by a reductive gas (RG) detector so that linear calibration of H2 over the range 0.2-200,000 ppmv was attained using a 0.5-mL gas sample; inclusion of the TC detector allowed the simultaneous quantification of other fixed gases (O2, CO2, He, and Ne) to which the RG detector was not responsive. Uptake kinetics for H2 and He indicated that the passive sampler reached equilibrium within 12 h of immersion in water. Field testing of these passive samplers revealed unusually large equilibrium gas-phase H2 concentrations in groundwater, ranging from 0.1 to 13.9%, by volume, in 11 monitoring wells surrounding four former radiological wastewater disposal ponds at the Y-12 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
4-Aminobutan-1-Sulfonsäure und 6-Aminohexan-1- Sulfon-säure, Synthese von Amiden und Estern der beiden Aminosulfonsäuren, dimere Aminosulfonsäuren (1963)

Es wurde die 4-Aminobutansulfonsäure auf neuem Wege und die 6-Aminohexansulfonsäure neu dargestellt.
Impossible shaded images (1993)

It is shown that shaded images that cannot have originated from a uniformly illuminated, smooth continuous surface with uniform albedo exist. The typical condition where this occurs is when a dark area (corresponding to a region of high gradient) is surrounded by a lighter region (with low gradient). For this to correspond to a real surface, it must be established that there is a local extremum or area of lower gradient inside the dark region. This, in turn, will show up as either a light area in the image or an orientation discontinuity in the surface (thus violating either intensity or smoothness constraints). The impossibility of a shaded image can be established by counting the number of extrema inside a region corresponding to an isolated surface patch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Research of Improved Digital Phase-Locked Loop Based on FPGA (2012)

In order to improve anti-jamming performance of the sensor, fast lock digital PLL is proposed and the PLL is used in the sensor. Digital PLL with a simple structure, flexible control, high tracking accuracy, loop performance and easy integration of features; while PLL loop automatic variable in the model control technology to speed up the rate locked loop to reduce Phase jitter. In this paper, the arithmetic average and moving average value of the software filter scheme to solve the sensor can filter out high frequency interference filter design problems and improve robustness.
ASAP Adaptive QoS Support with Reduced Reservation Overhead in MANETs (2004)

Existing QoS approaches for mobile ad hoc networks focus on optimizing end-to-end bandwidth allocation with respect to, e.g., node mobility, link-failures and packet-loss. Typically this is achieved through over-reservation. This is specially true in loosely connected networks or in high mobility scenarios where reservations take place only on part of the path because no end-to-end connection is available. In this paper, we propose ASAP, an Adaptive ReServation and Pre-Allocation Protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. ASAP provides high service quality and minimizes wasted reservations. It does so by using a simple soft/hard reservation mechanism and a flexible signaling schema.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Properties of Laser‐Synthesized Aluminum Oxide—Tungsten Oxide Ceramics. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Seismic trace interpolation in the Fourier transform domain (2002)

Abstract A data adaptive interpolation method is designed and applied in the Fourier transform domain (f-k or f-kx-ky) for spatially aliased data. The method makes use of fast Fourier transforms and their cyclic properties, thereby offering a significant cost advantage over other techniques that interpolate aliased data. The algorithm designs and applies interpolation operators in the f-k (or f-kx-ky) domain to fill zero traces inserted in the data in the t-x (or t-x-y) domain at locations where interpolated traces are needed. The interpolation operator is designed by manipulating the lower frequency components of the stretched transforms of the original data. This operator is derived assuming that it is the same operator that fills periodically zeroed traces of the original data but at the lower frequencies, and corresponds to the f-k (or f-kx-ky) domain version of the well-known f-x (or f-x-y) domain trace interpolators. The method is applicable to 2D and 3D data recorded sparsely in a horizontal plane. The most common prestack applications of the algorithm are common-mid-point domain shot interpolation, source-receiver domain shot interpolation, and cable interpolation.
Molybdenum cofactor negative mutants of<i>Escherichia coli</i>use citrate anaerobically (1990)

Anaerobically, Escherichia coli cannot grow using either glycerol or citrate as sole carbon and energy source. However, it has been reported that a mixture of glycerol and citrate will support growth. We have found that wild-type strains of E. coli K-12 do not grow on glycerol plus citrate anaerobically. However, growth eventually occurs due to the frequent appearance of mutants. We found that such Cit+ mutants were defective in anaerobic respiration with nitrate or trimethylamine-N-oxide and were chlorate resistant (i.e. molybdenum cofactor deficient). Conversely, well characterized mutants in any of chlA, B, D, E, G and N were also able to use citrate anaerobically. No anaerobic growth differences between wild type and chl mutants were observed either with fermentable sugars or with glycerol plus fumarate or glycerol plus tartrate. Citrate lyase was induced anaerobically by citrate and repressed by glucose in both wild type strains and chl mutants. Furthermore, levels of citrate lyase, fumarate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase and alcohol dehydrogenase were similar in both types of strains under anaerobic conditions. It is conceivable that a functioning molybdenum cofactor prevents use of citrate by keeping citrate lyase in the inactive form.
Postexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection (2009)

A 24-year-old man presents to an outpatient clinic, reporting that 36 hours previously he had receptive anal intercourse without the use of a condom with an anonymous male partner. The patient is known to the clinical practice and has had several negative tests for human immunodeficiency virus infection, most recently 6 months previously. How should he be evaluated and treated?
Pharmacokinetic characterization of angiotensin IV analogs with therapeutic potential for cancer and dementia (2010)

Angiotensin IV is a peptide hormone that acts via the AT4 receptor with physiological functions that have not yet been fully elucidated but appear to include important roles in the processes of cognition, fluid balance, blood flow and vascular repair and remodeling. Angiotensin IV shares a partial homology with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and our laboratory has recently demonstrated that angiotensin IV analogs are able to effect changes in intracellular signaling cascades via the HGF receptor (c-Met). HGF/c-Met signaling is essential for embryonic development and is responsible for direction of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation and migration. As the product of an oncogene, the c-Met receptor is also implicated to play a critical role cancer. Our laboratory has developed a library of angiotensin IV analogs with a number of these exhibiting strong potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer or dementia. Given that the failure of many therapeutic candidates in clinical trials can be attributed to unsuitable pharmacokinetics, our laboratory wished to establish a basic understanding of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these molecules. We, therefore, set out to establish the basic pharmacokinetic profiles of three molecules, which serve as representative molecules for classes of chemical modifications to the angiotensin IV peptide made in our laboratory. This dissertation presents results from in-vitro and in-vivo studies describing pharmacokinetic characteristics for three angiotensin IV analogs in rats. These characteristics include measures of metabolic stability, clearance mechanisms and rates, and kinetic parameters, including half life, volume of distribution, and area under the concentration/time curve. These studies indicate strong potential as pharmaceutical candidates for some of our angiotensin IV analogs; and a need for further chemical modification of others in order to overcome impractical pharmacokinetic characteristics. We additionally describe the development and validation of assays for quantification of these molecules in biological fluids.
Inefficacy of neutralizing antibodies against autologous lymph-node HIV-1 isolates in patients with early-stage HIV infection (1994)

Tamalet, C.; Lafeuillade, A.; Tourres, C.; Yahi, N.; Vignoli, C. Ph.; Micco, De Author Information
Efficient Load Transfer to Polymer‐Grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Composites (2004)

Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized by emulsion reactions and used as a reinforcement for commercial PMMA. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the applied tensile load on the composites was transferred to the PMMA‐grafted MWNTs, leading to a strain failure of the MWNTs rather than an adhesive failure between the MWNTs and the matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data showed that the storage modulus at 20 °C of the PMMA composite containing 20 wt.‐% of the PMMA‐grafted MWNTs was significantly enhanced by ∼ 29 GPa (or by ∼ 1100 %) as compared with commercial PMMA.
Uncertainty Principles and Signal Recovery (1989)

The uncertainty principle can easily be generalized to cases where the “sets of concentration” are not intervals. Such generalizations are presented for continuous and discrete-time functions, and for several measures of “concentration” (e.g., $L_2 $ and $L_1 $ measures). The generalizations explain interesting phenomena in signal recovery problems where there is an interplay of missing data, sparsity, and bandlimiting.
A Performance Comparison of Open-Source Stream Processing Platforms (2016)

Distributed stream processing platforms is a new class of real-time monitoring systems that analyze and extracts knowledge from large continuous streams of data. This type of systems is crucial for providing high throughput and low latency required by Big Data or Internet of Things monitoring applications. This paper describes and analyzes three main open-source distributed stream- processing platforms: Storm Flink, and Spark Streaming. We analyze the system architectures and we compare their main features. We carry out two experiments concerning anomaly detection on network traffic to evaluate the throughput efficiency and the resilience to node failures. Results show that the performance of native stream processing systems, Storm and Flink, is up to 15 times higher than the micro-batch processing system, Spark Streaming. On the other hand, Spark Streaming is more robust to node failures and provides recovery without losses.
Vitrification and Product Testing of C-104 and AZ-102 Pretreated Sludge Mixed with Flowsheet Quantities of Secondary Wastes (2001)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection (ORP) has acquired Hanford tank waste treatment services at a demonstration scale. The River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant (RPP-WTP) team is responsible for producing an immobilized (vitrified) high-level waste (IHLW) waste form. Pacific Northwest National Lab., hereafter referred to as PNNL, has been contracted to produce and test a vitrified IHLW waste form from two Envelope D high-level waste (HLW) samples previously supplied to the RPP-WTP project by DOE.
Extrusion of microcellular open‐cell LDPE‐based sheet foams (2006)

Abstract In this research, highly open‐cell low‐density polyethylene sheet foams are achieved with an annular die by applying various strategies for cell opening, i.e., (i) creation of a structural nonhomogeneity consisting of hard and soft regions with partial crosslinking, (ii) blending of a hard second‐phase material (i.e., polystyrene phase) into the low‐density polyethylene matrix, (iii) plasticization of the soft region with a secondary blowing agent, (iv) decrease of the cell wall thickness by increasing the cell density, and (v) decrease of the cell wall thickness by increasing the expansion ratio while cell walls are soft. Although the higher surface‐to‐volume ratio of the sheet foams compared with filament foams made it challenging to prevent gas loss, highly open‐cell (up to 99%) and microcellular (up to 3.5 × 10 10 cells/cm 3 ) foam sheets were successfully manufactured with high‐pressure annular dies using the cell‐opening strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3376–3384, 2006
Syntheses of N-Substituted-7-acylamino-3-phenylisocarbostyril and 6-Phenylbenzimidazo [2, 1-a] -isoquinoline Derivatives and their Fluorescence Spectra (1969)

7-Acetylamino-, benzoylamino- and tosylamino-3-phenylisocarbostyril have been synthesized from the corresponding isocoumarins and aqueous ammonia. In an aqueous solution of methylamine, 7-acetylamino-3-phenylisocoumarin (2a) was hydrolyzed into 4'-acetylaminodesoxybenzoin-2'-carboxylic acid. 7-Acetylamino-N-methyl-3-phenylisocarbostyril was obtained by heating (2a) with methylamine in ethanol in an autoclave at 100°C for 10 hrs. Similarly, N-ethyl, N-n-propyl, and N-n-butyl analogs were prepared. N-Phenyl-isocarbostyril derivative was formed only when (2a) was treated with aniline in the presence of boric acid for 5 hrs at 200210°C. By heating a mixture of (2a) and o-phenylenediamine in the presence of polyphosphoric acid for 2 hrs at 200220°C, 2-amino-6-phenylbenzimidazo [2, 1-a] -isoquinoline (5) was formed. When boric acid was used as a condensing agent, N- (o-aminophenyl) -isocarbostyril derivative, instead of (5), was obtained. 6- Phenylbenzimidazo [2, 1-a] -isoquinoline and acetylamino derivative of (5) were also prepared. Infrared, ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra of these new compounds were measured and discussed.
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Utilizing Selective Concentration onto Tungsten Wire (1977)

タングステン線表面への選択濃縮を利用する黒鉛炉原子吸光法により水溶液中のppbレベルの各種金属イオンを溶媒抽出など濃縮,分離などのための前処理をせずに直接定量する方法について研究した。吸光度シグナルにおよぼす諸因子の影響を詳細に検討した結果,タシグステン線の浸漬時間と表面積,試料溶液のかきまぜ,pHなどが重要な函子であることがわかり標準的な分析条件を求めた。この方法において最高感度を与える共鳴線を用いた場合の定量範囲は銀とカドミウムは0～O,5ppb,亜鉛とマンガンは0～2.5ppb,コパルト,銅,鉄,マグネシウム,カリウムおよびナトリウムは0～5PPb,クロム,ニッケルおよび鉛は0～10PPbまでが適当であった。1%吸収感度はカドミウムが0,0O2-PPbで大部分の重金属イオンは10-3～10PPbのオーダ-にあり,溶液を採取する通常の黒鉛炉原子吸光法と比較して20～50倍感度が向上した。この方法の柏対標準偏差は0.5～2%の範囲にあった。この方法における感度の向上は多量の共存塩による感度の低下に打ち勝って優勢である。本分析法は多量のアルカリ金属塩存在下における微量重金属の定量に適していると思われる。
Implications of cooling rotary sliding vane heat-pump compressors (1984)

SYNOPSIS When a refrigerant cooled rotary sliding vane compressor was used in a heat pump application, using refrigerant R22, a discrepancy was found to exist between the measured shaft power and the apparent power absorbed based on refrigerant properties and thermodynamic considerations. An explanation for this discrepancy is suggested and is based on the fact that when liquid refrigerant injection into the compression chamber is used for cooling purposes, the refrigerant mass flow rates through the condenser and evaporator are not the same. This results in a reduction of the specific enthalpy at compressor discharge, when compared with the situation where no refrigerant injection is used. It is shown that when liquid injection is suppressed, the measured power and the calculated power are comparable. From this a compression process applicable to the compressor operating with liquid injection is proposed.