gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of antibiotics to eliminate latent bacterial contamination in potato tissue cultures (1991)

Summary A simple leaf bioassay was developed to screen for slow‐growing latent bacteria found in potato nodal cuttings. The potato cultures were established to provide a source of sterile leaf tissue for protoplast isolation and the bacteria were only detected after numerous generations in culture. In an attempt to solve this problem cultures were screened before and after various treatments. Two antibiotic mixtures were tested for their efficacy in eliminating bacteria: ABM1 contained penicillin, streptomycin, amphotericin and NaCl while ABM2 contained erythromycin, streptomycin and carbenicillin at various concentrations. Both cocktails, when added to the micropropagation medium, reduced plant growth, induced chlorosis at higher levels and did not eliminate contamination. In terms of protoplast isolation, the only effective treatment was when ABM1 was incorporated into the plasmolysis and enzyme media. It removed contamination at all levels tested and had a differential effect on cell division such that, at low levels of ABM1, protoplasts regenerated successfully.
A Network-on-Chip Channel Allocator for Run-Time Task Scheduling in Multi-Processor System-on-Chips (2008)

Multi-processor system-on-chips (MPSoC) with network-on-chip based interconnection systems have emerged as the promising solution to computation intensive signal processing applications. But the mapping of applications onto the MPSoC and the allocation of computation and communication resources for applications, jobs and tasks is still a challenge. In this paper we describe the concept of a global communication resource allocator working on task level. The allocator reserves virtual channels at run-time across the NoC between two submodules in the MPSoC providing deterministic latency and bandwidth. The allocators global knowledge allows for channel allocation even in highly utilized NoCs with already many allocated channels. Area consumption and reservation delay of the channel allocator are considered.
Novel Branched Nod Factor Structure Results from α-(1→3) Fucosyl Transferase Activity:  The Major Lipo-Chitin Oligosaccharides from <i>Mesorhizobium </i><i>l</i><i>oti</i> Strain NZP2213 Bear an α-(1→3) Fucosyl Substituent on a Nonterminal Backbone Residue (1998)

Mesorhizobium loti has been described as a microsymbiont of plants of the genus Lotus. Lipo-chitin oligosaccharides (LCOs), or Nod factors, produced by several representative M. loti strains all have similar structures. Using fast-atom-bombardment tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, we have now examined the LCOs from the type strain NZP2213 and observed a much greater variety of structures than has been described for the strains of M.loti studied previously. Interestingly, we have identified as the major LCO a structure that bears a fucose residue alpha-1,3-linked to the GlcNAc residue proximal to the nonreducing terminal GlcNAc residue. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that substitution on an internal GlcNAc residue of the LCO backbone has been observed. This novel LCO structure suggests the presence of a novel fucosyltransferase activity in strain NZP2213. Since the presence of this extra structure does not have the effect of broadening the host range, we suggest that the modification of the LCOs with a fucose residue linked to a nonterminal GlcNAc residue might provide protection against degradation by a particular host plant enzyme (e.g., a chitinase) or alternatively represents adaptation to a particular host-specific receptor. The action of the alpha-(1-->3) fucosyltransferase seems to reduce significantly the activity of NodS, the methyltransferase involved in the addition of the N-methyl substituent to the nonreducing terminal GlcNAc residue. An additional novel LCO structure has been identified having only a GlcNAc2 backbone. This is to our knowledge the first description of such a minimal LCO structure.
Proposed routing for IEEE 802.11s WLAN mesh networks (2006)

This paper describes the proposed routing for IEEE 802.11s WLAN mesh networks based on the current draft standard D0.01 from March 2006. IEEE 802.11s defines a new mesh data frame format and an extensibility framework for routing. The default routing protocol HWMP is described. HWMP is based on AODV and has a configurable extension for proactive routing towards so-called mesh portals. It uses MAC addresses (layer 2 routing) and uses a radio-aware routing metric for the calculation of paths. Furthermore, the optional routing protocol RA-OLSR is described.
Cucurbituril-Based Molecular Recognition (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Cucurbituril-Based Molecular RecognitionSteven J. Barrow†, Setu Kasera†, Matthew J. Rowland†, Jesús del Barrio†, and Oren A. Scherman*†View Author Information† Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +44 (0)1223 334370.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 22, 12320–12406Publication Date (Web):November 13, 2015Publication History Received6 June 2015Published online13 November 2015Published inissue 25 November 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00341https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00341review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36943Altmetric-Citations1468LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cavities,Encapsulation,Molecules,Peptides and proteins,Polymers Get e-Alerts
A Novel Local Surface Description for Automatic 3D Object Recognition in Low Resolution Cluttered Scenes (2013)

Local surface description is a critical stage for feature matching and recognition tasks. This paper presents a rotation invariant local surface descriptor, called 3D-Div. The proposed descriptor is based on the concept of 3D vector field's divergence, extensively used in electromagnetic theory. To generate a 3D-Div descriptor of a 3D surface, a local surface patch is parameterized around a randomly selected 3D point at a fixed scale. A unique Local Reference Frame (LRF) is then constructed at that 3D point using all the neighboring points forming the patch. A normalized 3D vector field is then computed at each point in the patch and referenced with LRF vectors. The 3D-Div descriptor is finally generated as the divergence of the reoriented 3D vector field. We tested our proposed descriptor on the challenging low resolution Washington RGB-D (Kinect) object dataset, for the task of automatic 3D object recognition. Reported experimental results show that 3D-Div based recognition achieves 93% accuracy as compared to 85% for existing state-of-the-art depth kernel descriptors [2].
De novo formation of caveolae in lymphocytes by expression of VIP21-caveolin. (1995)

Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations, which have been implicated in endothelial transcytosis, endocytosis, potocytosis, and signal transduction. In addition to their well-defined morphology, caveolae are characterized by the presence of an integral membrane protein termed VIP21-caveolin. We have recently observed that lymphocytes have no detectable VIP21-caveolin and lack plasma membrane invaginations resembling caveolae. Here we transiently express VIP21-caveolin in a lymphocyte cell line using the Semliki Forest virus expression system and show de novo formation of plasma membrane invaginations containing VIP21-caveolin. These invaginations appear homogeneous in size and morphologically indistinguishable from caveolae of nonlymphoid cells. Moreover, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Thy1, patched by antibodies, redistributes to the newly formed caveolae. Our results show that VIP21-caveolin is a key structural component required for caveolar biogenesis.
Enhanced skin permeability for transdermal drug delivery: physiopathological and physicochemical considerations. (1991)

To deliver drugs through the skin for systemic medication, the skin permeability needs enhancing by either modifying the drug molecules, or applying skin permeation enhancers to reduce the barrier property of the skin. Traditionally, the enhancement of skin permeability is considered as the result from the improvement of the lipophilicity of drugs and the partition of drugs into the skin, or from the direct actions of skin permeation enhancers on the chemical structure and/or composition of lipids and proteins in the stratum corneum. However, on the other hand, the skin also responds to drugs and/or skin permeation enhancers physiopathologically via its inflammatory and immune reaction. The physiopathological responses of the skin can also induce the changes in the chemical structure and composition of lipids and proteins in the skin. Therefore, the possible role of physiopathological responses of the skin in the enhanced skin permeability should be concerned.
Dynamic organization of DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei: spatially and temporally defined replication of chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA sequences. (1992)

Five distinct patterns of DNA replication have been identified during S-phase in asynchronous and synchronous cultures of mammalian cells by conventional fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy. During early S-phase, replicating DNA (as identified by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation) appears to be distributed at sites throughout the nucleoplasm, excluding the nucleolus. In CHO cells, this pattern of replication peaks at 30 min into S-phase and is consistent with the localization of euchromatin. As S-phase continues, replication of euchromatin decreases and the peripheral regions of heterochromatin begin to replicate. This pattern of replication peaks at 2 h into S-phase. At 5 h, perinucleolar chromatin as well as peripheral areas of heterochromatin peak in replication. 7 h into S-phase interconnecting patches of electron-dense chromatin replicate. At the end of S-phase (9 h), replication occurs at a few large regions of electron-dense chromatin. Similar or identical patterns have been identified in a variety of mammalian cell types. The replication of specific chromosomal regions within the context of the BrdU-labeling patterns has been examined on an hourly basis in synchronized HeLa cells. Double labeling of DNA replication sites and chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA sequences indicates that the alpha-satellite DNA replicates during mid S-phase (characterized by the third pattern of replication) in a variety of human cell types. Our data demonstrates that specific DNA sequences replicate at spatially and temporally defined points during the cell cycle and supports a spatially dynamic model of DNA replication.
Chimeric rabies viruses for trans-species comparison of lyssavirus glycoprotein ectodomain functions in virus replication and pathogenesis. (2012)

The glycoprotein G of lyssaviruses is the major determinant of virus pathogenicity and serves as a target for immunological responses to virus infections. However, assessment of the exact contribution of lyssavirus G proteins to observed differences in the pathogenicity of lyssavirus species is challenging, since the direct comparison of natural lyssaviruses does not allow specific ascription to individual virus proteins or domains. Here we describe the generation and characterization of recombinant rabies viruses (RABV) that express chimeric G proteins comprising of a RABV cytoplasma domain fused to transmembrane and ectodomain G sequences of a virulent RABV (challenge virus standard; CVS-11) or two European bat lyssaviruses (EBLV- and EBLV-2). These "envelope-switched" recombinant viruses were recovered from cDNAs. Similar growth kinetics and protein expression in neuroblastoma cell cultures and successful targeting of primary neurons showed that the chimeric G proteins were able to replace the authentic G protein in a RABV based virus vector. Inoculation of six week old CD-1 mice by the intracranial (i. c.) route of infection further demonstrated that all recombinant viruses were able to spread in the brain and to induce disease. The "envelope-switched" RABV therefore represent an important tool to further investigate the influence of lyssavirus ectodomains on virus tropism, and pathogenicity.
Aberrant Expression of Cortactin in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Is Associated with Enhanced Cell Proliferation and Resistance to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Gefitinib (2007)

The CTTN gene (formerly designated EMS1), encodes cortactin, a key regulator of dynamic actin networks. Both CTTN and CCND1, the latter encoding the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, reside at chromosomal locus 11q13, a region commonly amplified in breast cancers and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we identified a novel role for cortactin in cancer cells, whereby cortactin overexpression attenuated ligand-induced down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), leading to sustained signaling. However, how this affected growth factor-induced cellular responses was unclear. Here, by modulation of cortactin expression in a panel of HNSCC cell lines, we show that cortactin overexpression enhances serum- and EGF-stimulated proliferation under both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent conditions and also increases resistance to anoikis (detachment-induced apoptosis). These effects are associated with increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and/or AKT. Furthermore, we report that cortactin stabilizes the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and enhances hepatocyte growth factor-induced mitogenesis and cell scattering. Therefore, cortactin may modulate signaling by a broader range of receptors than originally proposed and thereby affect a variety of responses. Finally, we have determined that cortactin overexpression, either alone or in combination with cyclin D1 up-regulation, promotes resistance to the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib. These findings indicate that cortactin may play multiple roles in progression of HNSCC and should be evaluated as a marker of prognosis, disease progression, and therapeutic responsiveness, particularly to EGFR-directed agents.
OBJECTIVE STRABISMOMETRY IN YOUNG CHILDREN (1943)

The modern trend toward earlier operation for the correction of strabismus has emphasized as never before the importance of measuring the amount of the deviation in young children. Today, many American ophthalmologists believe that under certain circumstances the operation can be done during the child's second year. It can be said with equal certainty that in many cases it is not only unnecessary but actually harmful to wait for the child to grow to an age at which intelligent cooperation can be obtained. For these reasons it seemed important to review the various methods of strabismometry that have been advocated, in an attempt to find the most accurate and practical means for estimating the deviation in these little patients. <h3>HISTORICAL REVIEW</h3> Prior to the middle of the nineteenth century, the textbooks of ophthalmology, as well as the treatises on strabismus, either failed to mention any measurement or else mentioned estimation
Collaborative Relay Beamforming for Secrecy (2010)

In this paper, collaborative use of relays to form a beamforming system with the aid of perfect channel state information (CSI) and to provide physical-layer security is investigated. In particular, a decode-and-forward-based relay beamforming design subject to total and individual relay power constraints is studied with the goal of maximizing the secrecy rate. The total power constraint leads to a closed-form solution. The design under individual relay power constraints is formulated as an optimization problem which is shown to be easily solved using two different approaches, namely semideflnite programming and second-order cone programming. Furthermore, a simplified and suboptimal technique which reduces the computation complexity under individual power constraints is presented.
Growth Rates of a Pseudomonad on 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (1974)

The growth of a pseudomonad on 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-DCP (2,4-dichlorophenol) was studied in batch and continuous culture. The optimum growth rate using 2,4-D was 0.14/h at 25 C in a pH range from 6.2 to 6.9. Highest specific growth rate using 2,4-DCP was 0.12/h at 25 C in a pH range from 7.1 to 7.8. Growth was strongly inhibited by 2,4-DCP above a concentration of 25 mg/liter whereas no appreciable inhibition was observed with 2,4-D at concentrations up to 2,000 mg per liter. Growth on 2,4-DCP was described by Monod kinetics at subinhibitory concentrations but the inhibition by 2,4-DCP exhibited an unusual linear response to substrate concentration, and did not fit a model based on noncompetitive inhibition. The lag phase of batch cultures was found to depend on both 2,4-DCP concentration and prior adaptation of the inoculum. A study such as this on the kinetics of growth on related substrates may be useful as a method of finding the rate-limiting step in a metabolic sequence.
Interference suppression in radio receivers by using frequency retranslation (2009)

In the presence of a strong received signal, non-linear radio frequency (RF) front-end components generate distortion products that add interference to a wanted signal. In this paper, an interference suppression technique using frequency retranslation is presented. When the wanted signal level is high, experimental results show a suppression of intermodulation distortion (IMD) by 25 dB. When a small wanted signal is received along with high level interferers, the technique suppresses interferers by 14 dB and in-band interference by more than 18 dB.
Effects of Macroporous Resin Size on<i>Candida</i><i>a</i><i>ntarctica</i>Lipase B Adsorption, Fraction of Active Molecules, and Catalytic Activity for Polyester Synthesis (2006)

Methyl methacrylate resins with identical average pore diameter (250 A) and surface area (500 m2/g) but with varied particle size (35 to 560-710 microm) were employed to study how immobilization resin particle size influences Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) loading, fraction of active sites, and catalytic properties for polyester synthesis. CALB adsorbed more rapidly on smaller beads. Saturation occurred in less than 30 s and 48 h for beads with diameters 35 and 560-710 microm, respectively. Linearization of adsorption isotherm data by the Scatchard analysis showed for the 35 microm resin that: (i) CALB loading at saturation was well below that required to form a monolayer and fully cover the support surface and (ii) CALB has a high affinity for this resin surface. Infrared microspectroscopy showed that CALB forms protein loading fronts for resins with particle sizes 560-710 and 120 microm. In contrast, CALB appears evenly distributed throughout 35 microm resins. By titration with p-nitrophenyl n-hexyl phosphate (MNPHP), the fraction of active CALB molecules adsorbed onto resins was <50% which was not influenced by particle size. The fraction of active CALB molecules on the 35 microm support increased from 30 to 43% as enzyme loading was increased from 0.9 to 5.7% (w/w) leading to increased activity for epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) ring-opening polymerization. At about 5% w/w CALB loading, by decreasing the immobilization support diameter from 560-710 to 120, 75, and 35 microm, conversion of epsilon-CL % to polyester increased (20 to 36, 42, and 61%, respectively, at 80 min). Similar trends were observed for condensation polymerizations between 1,8-octanediol and adipic acid.
Beyond contingency planning: towards a model of crisis management (1990)

This paper reviews the central contributions to the crisis management liter ature, addresses its various dimensions and details the major phases within which crises occur. The paper seeks to develop a schematic model for crises and concludes by advocating that management needs to acknowledge the lim itations of its contingency planning in order to allow for more effective deci sion making. The model suggests that there are three phases within a crisis: the precipitation phase in which the potential for a crisis is created, the operational phase of the crisis, and the post-crisis phase. The resultant model provides a framework for the subsequent analysis of crisis events.
Label-free quantification proteomics reveals novel calcium binding proteins in matrix vesicles isolated from mineralizing Saos-2 cells (2013)

Matrix vesicles (MVs) involved in the initiation of mineralization by deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) in their lumen are released by the budding of mineralization-competent cells during skeletogenesis and bone development. To identify additional mineralization-related proteins, MVs were isolated from non-stimulated and stimulated Saos-2 cells in culture via an Exoquick™ approach and the corresponding proteomes were identified and quantified with label-free quantitative proteome technology. The isolated MVs were confirmed by electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), biomarkers, and mineral formation analyses. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis revealed that 19 calcium binding proteins (CaBPs), including Grp94, calnexin, calreticulin, calmodulin, and S100A4/A10, were up-regulated in MVs of Saos-2 cells upon stimulation of mineralization. This result provides new clues to study the mechanism of the initiation of MV-mediated mineralization.
Current Understanding of the Cause of Dental Caries (2000)

Dental caries-associated oral streptococci are called the mutans streptococci, with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus being the most prevalent caries-associated organisms in humans. Strains of the mutans streptococci are highly conserved within not only mothers and their children but also racial groups, suggesting vertical transmission of this organism within human populations. It has been found that the mother-child infection route of the mutans streptococci can be prevented by simply reducing the amount of the mutans streptococci contained in the mothers' saliva. Moreover, a chlorhexidine varnish reduces the salivary mutans streptococci by an average of 3 logs (99.9%), and moved them below detectable levels. We should attempt to eliminate the infection with the mutans streptococci among Japanese people by attempting to break the infectious chain from mothers to children.