gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression and its Applications to Cervical Cancer Investigation (2007)

Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers in Taiwan and ranks as the fifth cause of cancer death in the female population. Human papillomavirus has been established as the causative agent for cervical neoplasia and cervical cancer. However, the tumor biology involved in the prognoses of different cell types in early cancers and tumor responses to radiation in advanced cancers remain largely unknown. The introduction of microarray technologies in the 1990s has provided genome-wide strategies for searching tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. In this review, we first summarize the two types of microarrays: oligonucleotides microarray and cDNA microarray. Then, we review the studies of functional genomics in cervical cancer. Gene expression studies that involved cervical cancer cell lines, cervical cells of cancer versus normal ectocervix, cancer tissues of different histology, radioresistant versus radiosensitive patients, and the combinatorial gene expression associated with chromosomal amplifications are discussed. In particular, CEACAM5 , TACSTD1 , S100P , and MSLN have shown to be upregulated in adenocarcinoma, and increased expression levels of CEACAM5 and TACSTD1 were significantly correlated with poorer patient outcomes. On the other hand, 35 genes, including apoptotic genes (e.g. BIK , TEGT , SSI-3 ), hypoxia-inducible genes (e.g. HIF1A , CA12 ), and tumor cell invasion and metastasis genes (e.g. CTSL , CTSB , PLAU , CD44 ), have been noted to echo the hypothesis that increased tumor hypoxia leads to radiation resistance in cervical cancer during radiation.
<title>High-density mark position recording on a 90-mm phase-change optical disk</title> (1995)

The attainable recording density of a thermally balanced phase-change optical disk with the mark position recording method have been studied, focusing on the viewpoint of designing an optical disk memory system. A new recording method with constant duration of the read power level after every write-pulse, called the off-pulse, was applied. A wide overwrite power margin from -20% to +10% was obtained for a bit length of 0.63 micrometers and a track pitch of 0.9 micrometers . These results mean that it is possible to attain 1.3 GByte capacity in a 90 mm double-sided disk with the zoned constant angular velocity format.
Sharing and Learning (2016)

The NHS Litigation Authority (NHS LA) is a not-for-profit NHS organisation that manages negligence and other claims against the NHS in England on behalf of their member organisations. Their overarching vision is to resolve claims in a timely and fair manner while sharing the lessons of why things go wrong and improving safety.
Historical Changes in Harvest Index and Crop Nitrogen Accumulation (1998)

Plant harvest index, the ratio of grain weight to total plant weight, is an important trait associated with the dramatic increases in crop yields that have occurred in the twentieth century. Harvest index reflects the partitioning of photosynthate between the grain and the vegetative plant and improvements in harvest index emphasize the importance of carbon allocation in grain production. The objective of this review is to examine from an historical perspective some of the changes that have occurred in crop harvest index and to consider the importance of crop nitrogen accumulations asociated with changing this trait. In modern times, harvest index has generally increased. Priort o the twentieth century,t here is evidencet hat plants elections also resulted in changes in harvest index. One factor that may have influenced these changes was the relative value of grain, compared with straw. Historically, straw production was a high priority, making low harvest index a desirable trait. Another factor wast he level of nitrogena vailabilef or the productionof highg rain yields. Accumulation of high levels of nitrogen is essential for high grain yields, and thus, high levels of nitrogen are commonly associated with crops having high harvest indices. Under conditions where nitrogen is limiting, a low harvest index crop is advantageous. Limited nitrogen can be partitioned into the low nitrogen concentration vegetative tissue, which results in high total production of plant mass. However, increasing grain yield and crop harvest index with high nitrogen grain requires a concomitant increase in crop nitrogen accumulation.
Liquid Crystal Glazing (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Liquid crystal technology has been advanced to the stage that it is possible for it to be incorporated into glazing material. The use of liquid crystals allows visible light passing through glass to be “switched” from specular to diffuse with the application of an electrical field. This technology provides new design opportunities for glazing material in both architectural and transportation markets.</div>
Cancer-related issues of CD147. (2010)

CD147 is involved in many physiological functions, such as lymphocyte responsiveness, spermatogenesis, implantation, fertilization and neurological functions at early stages of development. Here we specifically review the role of CD147 in cancer. We focus on the following aspects: expression of CD147 in malignant versus normal tissues and its possible impact on prognosis, interaction of tumor cell-expressed CD147 with stroma cells and induction of matrix metalloproteinases, as well as the role of CD147 in tumor angiogenesis. The function of CD147 in supercomplexes with monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and amino acid transporters such as CD98hc and large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), as well as the functional contribution of CD147 in complexes with caveolin-1 and integrins, is discussed. Target validation experiments making use of CD147-directed RNAi and monoclonal antibodies are summarized. Finally, the relevance of CD147 as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer patients is discussed.
Oxidation of 5-Chloromethylfurfural (CMF) to 2,5-Diformylfuran (DFF) (2017)

2,5-Diformylfuran (DFF) is an important biorenewable building block, namely for the manufacture of new polymers that may replace existing materials derived from limited fossil fuel resources. The current reported methods for the preparation of DFF are mainly derived from the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and, to a lesser extent, directly from fructose. 5-Chloromethylfurfural (CMF) has been considered an alternative to HMF as an intermediate building block due to its advantages regarding stability, polarity, and availability from glucose and cellulose. The only reported method for the transformation of CMF to DFF is restricted to the use of DMSO as the solvent and oxidant. We envisioned that the transformation could be performed using more attractive conditions. To that end, we explored the oxidation of CMF to DFF by screening several oxidants such as H₂O₂, oxone, and pyridine <i>N</i>-oxide (PNO); different heating methods, namely thermal and microwave irradiation (MWI); and also flow conditions. The combination of PNO (4 equiv.) and Cu(OTf)₂ (0.5 equiv.) in acetonitrile was identified as the best system, which lead to the formation of DFF in 54% yield under MWI for 5 min at 160 °C. Consequently, a range of different heterogeneous copper catalysts were tested, which allowed for catalyst reuse. Similar results were also observed under flow conditions using copper immobilized on silica under thermal heating at 160 °C for a residence time of 2.7 min. Finally, HMF and 5,5'-oxybis(5-methylene-2-furaldehyde) (OBMF) were the only byproducts identified under the reaction conditions studied.
Direct write contacts for solar cells (2005)

Ag, Cu and Ni metallizations were inkjet printed with near vacuum deposition quality. The approach developed can be easily extended to other conductors such as Pt, Pd, Au etc. Thick highly conducting lines of Ag and Cu demonstrating good adhesion to glass, Si and PCB have been printed at 100-200 /spl deg/C in air and N/sub 2/ respectively. Ag grids were inkjet-printed on Si solar cells and fired through the silicon nitride AR layer at 850 /spl deg/C resulting in 8% cells. Next generation multicomponent inks (including etching agents) have also been developed with improved fire through contacts leading to higher cell efficiencies. PEDOT-PSS polymer based conductors were inkjet printed with conductivity as good or better than that of spin-coated films.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of semduramicin and other polyether ionophores (1991)

Pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry of polyether ionophores yields several molecular ions. A single metal adduct molecular ion can be obtained by the addition of a neutral salt to the HPLC mobile phase. This approach may be useful in structural studies of unknown ionophores and in the development of specific methods for their analysis in complex matrices. Collision-induced dissociation of the molecular ions provides additional structural information and enhanced specificity for trace analysis. HPLC mobile-phase composition and flow rates have been optimized for on-line analysis. Best response and lowest background noise were obtained at the flow rate of 40 microL/min of a mobile phase containing a 20/80 mixture of water and acetonitrile. The development of a specific confirmatory assay for the new ionophore semduramicin in chicken liver demonstrates the usefulness of on-line HPLC pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry.
Mixin’ Up the ML Module System (2013)

ML modules provide hierarchical namespace management, as well as fine-grained control over the propagation of type information, but they do not allow modules to be broken up into mutually recursive, separately compilable components. Mixin modules facilitate recursive linking of separately compiled components, but they are not hierarchically composable and typically do not support type abstraction. We synthesize the complementary advantages of these two mechanisms in a novel module system design we call MixML. A MixML module is like an ML structure in which some of the components are specified but not defined. In other words, it unifies the ML structure and signature languages into one. MixML seamlessly integrates hierarchical composition, translucent ML-style data abstraction, and mixin-style recursive linking. Moreover, the design of MixML is clean and minimalist; it emphasizes how all the salient, semantically interesting features of the ML module system (and several proposed extensions to it) can be understood simply as stylized uses of a small set of orthogonal underlying constructs, with mixin composition playing a central role. We provide a declarative type system for MixML, including two important extensions: higher-order modules, and modules as first-class values. We also present a sound and complete, three-pass type-checking algorithm for this system. The operational semantics of MixML is defined by an elaboration translation into an internal core language called LTG---namely, a polymorphic lambda calculus with single-assignment references and recursive type generativity---which employs a linear type and kind system to track definedness of term and type imports.
Low resistance, nonalloyed Ohmic contacts to InGaAs (2007)

We report extremely low specific contact resistivity (ρc) nonalloyed Ohmic contacts to n-type In0.53Ga0.47As, lattice matched to InP. Contacts were formed by oxidizing the semiconductor surface through exposure to ultraviolet-generated ozone, subsequently immersing the wafer in ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 14.8 normality), and finally depositing either Ti∕Pd∕Au contact metal by electron-beam evaporation or TiW contact metal by vacuum sputtering. Ti∕Pd∕Au contacts exhibited ρc of (0.73±0.44)Ωμm2—i.e., (7.3±4.4)×10−9Ωcm2—while TiW contacts exhibited ρc of (0.84±0.48)Ωμm2. The TiW contacts are thermally stable, showing no observable degradation in resistivity after a 500°C annealing of 1min duration.
Magnetic phase separation in SrCoOx (2.5 ≤ x ≤ 3) (2011)

This work presents a study of the electronic phase separation resulting from oxygen non-stoichiometry in SrCoOx. We report here that for oxygen content 2.88 ≤ x ≤ 3, SrCoOx exhibits a magnetic phase separation while maintaining a single crystallographic phase. Two magnetic components are formed which match those found in SrCoO2.88 and SrCoO3 with TC = 220 K and 280 K, respectively. In addition, a value of TC = 160 K is assigned to the previously identified SrCoO2.75 phase. A magnetic phase diagram with four line phases is proposed for SrCoOx (2.5 ≤ x ≤ 3).
A Personalized Concept-driven Recommender System for Scientific Libraries (2014)

Recommender Systems can greatly enhance the exploitation of large digital libraries; however, in order to achieve good accuracy with collaborative recommenders some domain assumptions must be met, such as having a large number of users sharing similar interests over time. Such assumptions may not hold in digital libraries, where users are structured in relatively small groups of experts whose interests may change in unpredictable ways: this is the case of scientific and technical documents archives. Moreover, when recommending documents, users often expect insights on the recommended content as well as a detailed explanation of why the system has selected it, which cannot be provided by collaborative techniques. In this paper we consider the domain of scientific publications repositories and propose a content-based recommender based upon a graph representation of concepts built up by linked keyphrases. This recommender is coupled with a keyphrase extraction system able to generate meaningful metadata for the documents, which are the basis for providing helpful and explainable recommendations.
The MIT SUMMIT Speech Recognition system: a progress report (1989)

Recently, we initiated a project to develop a phonetically-based spoken language understanding system called SUMMIT. In contrast to many of the past efforts that make use of heuristic rules whose development requires intense knowledge engineering, our approach attempts to express the speech knowledge within a formal framework using well-defined mathematical tools. In our system, features and decision strategies are discovered and trained automatically, using a large body of speech data. This paper describes the system, and documents its current performance.
Deficiency in mitochondrial anionic phospholipid synthesis impairs cell wall biogenesis (2005)

Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature lipid of the mitochondrial membrane and plays a key role in mitochondrial physiology and cell viability. The importance of CL is underscored by the finding that the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome results from defective CL composition and acylation. Disruption of PGS1, which encodes the enzyme that catalyses the committed step of CL synthesis, results in loss of the mitochondrial anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and CL. The pgs1Δ mutant exhibits severe growth defects at 37°C. To understand the essential functions of mitochondrial anionic lipids at elevated temperatures, we isolated suppressors of pgs1Δ that grew at 37°C. The present review summarizes our analysis of suppression of pgs1Δ growth defects by a mutant that has a loss-of-function mutation in KRE5, a gene involved in cell wall biogenesis.
Rapid Emergence of High-Level Resistance to Quinolones in <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Associated with Mutational Changes in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> (1998)

Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 microgram of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in the gyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in the parC product.
<title>Flexible approach to image warping</title> (1990)

This paper describes a novel approach to designing and applying spatial transformations to images, a technique that has only recently been exploited. The concept is to create and save the transformation as a look-up table (LUT) and then to use the look-up table to control the image resampling. This approach is very flexible; it is even amenable to transformations that cannot be implemented using classical approaches.
Globalización y soberanía en lo económico (2002)

In order to speak of globalization as it is experienced at the beginning of the 21st century, the approach must start by discussing once again the enormous, transcendent, historical and, in this sense, necessarily temporal, significance and understanding of this doctrine that has come to be known as neoliberalism. We will see how in some industrialized countries, where this "neoliberal revolution" emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the ravages achieved by the application of the dogmas of this body of philosophical and social doctrine are no less transcendent and no less ostensible, in comparison with developing nations, and contrary to what might be thought if the analyst is located in one of these dependent and poor countries on the periphery of the international economic system.
Studies of the Isomerization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids. II. The Thermal Rearrangement of Citraconic Acid to Itaconic Acid in Aqueous Solutions (1976)

Abstract The thermal reaction of citraconic acid (2) in water gives a mixture of products similar to that obtained from itaconic acid (1) in water. After 22 h at 170 °C, the equilibrium composition about 74%, 18%, and 8% 1, 2, and mesaconic acid respectively. At the optimum conditions (170 °C for 3 h), the yield of 1 is 65%. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
MES-FETs Fabricated on Doped a-Si Films (1985)

P atoms are doped into a-Si films by varying the mole fraction of PH 3 to SiH 4 ( M P/S ) while keeping the mole fraction of Ar to SiH 4 at 11. MES-FETs are fabricated on doped a-Si films and g m =1.3 ·10 -4 mS/mm is obtained for those fabricated on films deposited at M P/S =1.5 ·10 -3 . Effective mobility of 1.9 cm 2 /V·s is obtained from transfer conductance and pinch-off voltage of MES-FETs, which is about one order higher than that obtained from MIS-FETs.
Pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of dialysis-related amyloidosis (1995)

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a major cause of morbidity in end-stage renal disease patients. While retention of the precursor protein beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) forms the essential basis for DRA, pathogenetic concepts include: qualitative and quantitative alterations in beta 2-m metabolism; local and systemic inflammatory changes, partly related to different treatment modes; general predisposing factors such as age at the onset of dialysis treatment. Clinical and radiological signs, as well as synovial thickening on sonography, suggest the presence of DRA, but histomorphological demonstration of beta 2m-amyloid is required for definitive proof. Scintigraphic imaging of DRA represents an additional, sensitive non-invasive diagnostic tool. Successful kidney transplantation stops the progression of DRA.
Modeling people's place naming preferences in location sharing (2010)

Most location sharing applications display people's locations on a map. However, people use a rich variety of terms to refer to their locations, such as "home," "Starbucks," or "the bus stop near my house." Our long-term goal is to create a system that can automatically generate appropriate place names based on real-time context and user preferences. As a first step, we analyze data from a two-week study involving 26 participants in two different cities, focusing on how people refer to places in location sharing. We derive a taxonomy of different place naming methods, and show that factors such as a person's perceived familiarity with a place and the entropy of that place (i.e. the variety of people who visit it) strongly influence the way people refer to it when interacting with others. We also present a machine learning model for predicting how people name places. Using our data, this model is able to predict the place naming method people choose with an average accuracy higher than 85%.
The Lifetime History of Major Depression in Women (1993)

Major depression, as assessed over the lifetime, may be a rather highly heritable disorder of moderate reliability rather than a moderately heritable disorder of high reliability.
Preparation and Properties of Manganese Carbonyl (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Manganese CarbonylE. O. Brimm, M. A. Lynch Jr., and W. J. SesnyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 14, 3831–3835Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01643a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01643a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1681Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Embedded ferromagnetic technology (2002)

The processes used to manufacture magnetic components have changed little over the last several decades. Essentially, these components-which include isolation transformers, directional couplers, frequency mixers, common mode chokes, baluns, etc.-are hand-made. Manual operations include magwire prep, winding, dipping, solder termination, encapsulation and electrical testing. In addition, each process requires multiple inspections steps. Embedded ferromagnetic technology (EFT) provides an automated way to fabricate high-performance, high-reliability magnetic components at reasonable cost. The EFT process incorporates advanced PWB fabrication in combination with high-aspect ratio laser drilling and plating techniques, First, toroidal-shaped ferrite cores are embedded into a PWB laminate structure. Pairs of signal layers, comprised of patterned copper conductors, are joined electrically by laser drilled and plated micro-via through-holes to simulate electrical windings. Typical isolation transformers are fabricated with two isolated sets of micro-vias on pairs of signal layers. The presentation includes details of the fabrication processes and electrical testing of EFT-based transformers.
Clinical utility of HIV-1 genotyping and expert advice: the Havana trial (2002)

HIV-1 genotyping interpreted by a software package improves the virological outcome when it is added to the clinical information as a basis for decisions on changing antiretroviral therapy. The expert advice also showed virologic benefit in the second failure group.