gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous gammaglobulin in alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients (1990)

In a placebo-controlled, randomized blinded study, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous gammaglobulin (IV-IgG) in alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. IV-IgG was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 5 days. An incompatible platelet transfusion from the same donor was used before and after treatment. Seven patients received IV- IgG and five patients received placebo. Although platelet recovery in 1 to 6 hours was satisfactory in five patients after IV-IgG treatment, 24- hour survival was not improved in most patients. None of the patients receiving the placebo achieved satisfactory 1-hour platelet-corrected count increments (CCIs). By t test, the posttreatment mean values 1 hour after transfusion CCIs in the IV-IgG group were significantly greater than in the control group (8,413 v 1,050, P less than .007). Using a regression model to adjust for any distributional assumptions of the study population, the parameter estimate for IV-IgG treatment was positive, indicating that IV-IgG treatment is associated with higher CCIs. Although IV-IgG may improve 1-hour platelet recovery, clinical benefit was not demonstrated since 24-hour survival was not improved. IV-IgG treatment before unmatched platelet transfusions should not be considered as a replacement for HLA-compatible platelets in alloimmunized patients.
DataScalar architectures (1997)

DataScalar architectures improve memory system performance by running computation redundantly across multiple processors, which are each tightly coupled with an associated memory. The program data set (and/or text) is distributed across these memories. In this execution model, each processor broadcasts operands it loads from its local memory to all other units. In this paper, we describe the benefits, costs, and problems associated with the DataScalar model. We also present simulation results of one possible implementation of a DataScalar system. In our simulated implementation, six unmodified SPEC95 binaries ran from 7% slower to 50% faster on two nodes, and from 9% to 100% faster on four nodes, than on a system with a comparable, more traditional memory system. Our intuition and results show that DataScalar architectures work best with codes for which traditional parallelization techniques fail. We conclude with a discussion of how DataScalar systems may accommodate traditional parallel processing, thus improving performance over a much wider range applications than is currently possible with either model.
Scale-up and Optimization of the Low-Temperature Inducible cspA Promoter System (1998)

The performance of the major Escherichia coli cold-shock promoter in directing the synthesis of recombinant proteins at low temperatures was investigated in batch fermentations using a plasmid-encoded transcriptional gene fusion between the cspA promoter region and the lacZ gene. Rapid synthesis of beta-galactosidase was observed when the fermentation broth was chilled to 15 degreesC using a variety of cooling profiles, including one modeling the heat-transfer characteristics of a 60-L pilot plant unit. A linear cooling rate of 0.5 degreesC/min led to optimum recovery yields. For all single-temperature downshift experiments, however, the promoter became repressed 60-120 min after initiation of cooling. Both temperature cycling between 15 and 25 degreesC and stepwise temperature downshifts between 37, 29, 21, and 13 degreesC led to multiple inductions of the cspA promoter. Nevertheless, high-efficiency reinduction was only observed during the first temperature pulse when the former strategy was used and when the cells were held at intermediate temperatures for less than 60 min or more than 120 min in the case of successive downshifts. Promoter repression was abolished in host cells bearing a null mutation in the gene encoding the ribosomal binding factor RbfA, leading to the constitutive and high-level expression of beta-galactosidase for 7 h postshift when shake flask cultures were transferred from 42 to 23 degreesC. The suitability of rbfA cells for cspA-driven recombinant protein production was confirmed in high-density fed-batch fermentations. Our results are consistent with the existence of a cold-shock-induced repressor molecule that must accumulate at a threshold concentration before interfering with the production of proteins placed under cspA transcriptional control.
The EC’s Free Market Agenda and the Myth of Social Europe (2001)

The European Community (EC)1 has always enjoyed great favour in the academic community. Of literally thousands of books on the subject in English practically none offer a critical perspective. The European Left, socialists and Communists, had denounced the EC as a capitalist construction, but scholars never elaborated this criticism with a concrete analysis of its laws, institutions and operation.2 The reigning narrative was that of the weakening of the nation state and the growth of the EC toward prosperity and ever closer union though Whiggish enthusiasm was tempered at times like the mid-1970s and post-Maastricht when the project appeared to stall.3 The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) creating the single currency was at least initially viewed as the last great step toward a supranational government that would assume many of the vital functions of a nation state.
Odour aversion after olfactory conditioning of the sting extension reflex in honeybees (2009)

In Pavlovian conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus or CS) gains control over an animal's reflex after its association with a biologically relevant stimulus (unconditioned stimulus or US). As a consequence, a conditioned response is emitted by the animal upon further CS presentations. In such a situation, the subject exhibits a reflex response, so that whether the CS thereby acquires a positive or a negative value for the animal is difficult to assess. In honeybees, Apis mellifera, an odour (CS) can be associated either with sucrose solution (US) in the appetitive conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex (PER), or with an electric shock (US) in the aversive conditioning of the sting extension reflex (SER). The term ;aversive' may not apply to the latter as bees do not suppress SER as a consequence of learning but, on the contrary, start emitting SER to the CS. To determine whether the CS acquires a positive or a negative value in these conditioning forms, we compared the orientation behaviour of freely walking honeybees in an olfactory-cued Y-maze after training them with an odour-sucrose association (PER conditioning) or an odour-shock association (SER conditioning). We show that the same odours can acquire either a positive value when associated to sucrose, or a negative value when associated to an electric shock, as bees respectively approach or avoid the CS in the Y-maze. Importantly, these results clearly establish the aversive nature of SER conditioning in honeybees.
Ink-jet delivery of particle suspensions by piezoelectric droplet ejectors (2005)

The volume and velocity of droplets ejected from a piezoelectric droplet generator, as used in ink-jet printing, have been studied for a range of concentrated suspensions of submicron alumina particles as a function of driving signal voltage, frequency, and peak shape. Drop velocity and volume are found to show a linear relation with driving voltage, but show a more complicated and periodic behavior with changing frequency and peak width. This periodic dependence is shown to be a function of the acoustic properties of the fluid-filled chamber in the droplet generator. However, a simple model considering propagation of pressure waves along the tubular actuator is not consistent with experimental data if the ends are modeled as step changes in acoustic impedance. By comparing the data with that in the literature, it is proposed that the acoustic boundary condition (impedance change) at the orifice where drops are ejected is a function of orifice size and extrapolates to a closed boundary condition, as the orifice diameter tends to zero. At equivalent driving signal frequencies, the drop volume ejected, normalized by actuator volume displacement, is shown to be a function of the Ohnesorge number of the orifice through which the drops are ejected.
Hyperosmotic Agents and Antibiotics Affect Dissolved Oxygen and pH Concentration Gradients in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms (2017)

Biofilms on wound surfaces are treated topically with hyperosmotic agents, such as medical-grade honey and cadexomer iodine; in some cases, these treatments are combined with antibiotics. Tissue repair requires oxygen, and a low pH is conducive to oxygen release from red blood cells and epithelialization. We investigated the variation of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH with biofilm depth and the variation in oxygen consumption rates when biofilms are challenged with medical-grade honey or cadexomer iodine combined with vancomycin or ciprofloxacin. Dissolved oxygen and pH depth profiles in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms were measured using microelectrodes. The presence of cadexomer iodine with vancomycin or ciprofloxacin on the surface of the biofilm permitted a measurable concentration of oxygen at greater biofilm depths (101.6 ± 27.3 μm, <i>P</i> = 0.02; and 155.5 ± 27.9 μm, <i>P</i> = 0.016, respectively) than in untreated controls (30.1 μm). Decreases in pH of ∼0.6 and ∼0.4 units were observed in biofilms challenged with medical-grade honey alone and combined with ciprofloxacin, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively); the number of bacteria recovered from biofilms was significantly reduced (1.26 log) by treatment with cadexomer iodine and ciprofloxacin (<i>P</i> = 0.002) compared to the untreated control. Combining cadexomer iodine and ciprofloxacin improved dissolved oxygen concentration and penetration depth into the biofilm, while medical-grade honey was associated with a lower pH; not all treatments established a bactericidal effect in the time frame used in the experiments.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Reports about using hyperosmotic agents and antibiotics against wound biofilms focus mostly on killing bacteria, but the results of these treatments should additionally be considered in the context of how they affect physiologically important parameters, such as oxygen concentration and pH. We confirmed that the combination of a hyperosmotic agent and an antibiotic results in greater dissolved oxygen and reduced pH within an <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm.
Acute Pancreatitis in Patients on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: An Increased Risk? (2005)

PD is a risk factor for AP. There is no statistical difference in AP-related mortality and morbidity between HD and PD.
Automated nanospray using chip-based emitters for the quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical compounds (2005)

An automated nanospray system based on chip technology (the NanoMate) was successfully interfaced to a modified Particle Discriminator Interface on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A number of the interface parameters were optimized to improve the sampling efficiency for ions from the chip-based system. Analytical performance was assessed using a number of biochemicals as well as via a methodology for a pharmaceutical that passed validation as required by Good Laboratory Practices. Infusion analyses in flow rates <1 microL/min provided advantages in terms of throughput and sample consumption when compared to other methodologies based on liquid chromatography.
Advanced Antennas in Wireless Communications : co-located a distributed (2006)

In a wireless radio network system, with an evolving standard, there is a need to increase system capacity due to the increase in the traffic demands, the higher data rate usage, and the need to fu ...
Resistance of polyfluorinated complete esters of polyhydric alcohols to thermal oxidation: Comparison with nonfluorinated analogs (2006)

Complete esters of pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol with polyfluorinated carboxylic acids were prepared by esterification. As determined by differential thermal gravimetric analysis in air, the resistance of the esters to thermal oxidation decreases in going from pentaerythritol derivatives to those of trimethylolpropane and then to those of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol. The compounds synthesized surpass their nonfluorinated analogs in the resistance to thermal oxidation.
Not Your Father's CPA Firm! Mary Kay Humfeld Talks about a New Employment Model (2005)

Today's CPAs come from very diverse backgrounds and have very different expectations from the employees of a generation past. Students and new hires in the accounting profession have made it very clear they value balance in their lives--and workplace flexibility is a necessary component. Workplace flexibility, once considered a female issue, may have been only the canary in the coal mine in the past. But in today's world, the desire to find a work/life balance is gender-neutral and actually may be a generational theme. In a 2002 Catalyst study of men and women aged 25 to 35, 37% of respondents said they used flexible arrival and departure times and an additional 46% said they wanted this option; 6% worked a compressed workweek and 67% said they wanted to do the same; 17% telecommuted and 67% hoped they could; 4% worked reduced hours, 36% said they wished for the same option; and 4% had had a leave of absence, which another 43% wanted. Smart organizations and associations are addressing the needs and expectations of employees and implementing flexible work arrangements. In May 2003 the first Work/ Life Conference held by the AICPA, the American Woman's Society of CPAs (AWSCPA) and the American Society of Women Accountants (ASWA) brought together a diverse group of accounting professionals to discuss flexibility in the workplace. They discovered that work/life programs and policies were not luxuries. Deloitte & Touche conducted a study of why women were leaving and found it was to go to more flexible firms--unfortunately for Deloitte & Touche, they took their training with them. It's generally agreed that it costs 150% of a person's salary to replace a good employee. Employee dissatisfaction has a negative impact on a firm's bottom line. In 1999 workplace stress cost American business $3 billion, and that figure continues to rise. Kathy Lingle of the Alliance for Work/ Life Progress says, Researchers have found that people who have little control of their work life have a 70% higher risk of dying from heart disease than those who can decide what they will do and when. Studies show that as employee satisfaction and loyalty increase, so do service quality and value. Customers and clients react favorably to employees who are satisfied. Even more telling is that 73% of Fortune magazine's 100 Best Companies to Work For had higher-than-average return on investment. A recent study by Sears found that a 5% increase in employee satisfaction led to a 12% increase in sales. …
Practical Non-Uniform Channelization for Multistandard Base Stations (2011)

A Multistandard software-defined radio base station must perform non-uniform channelization of multiplexed frequency bands. Non-uniform
channelization accounts for a significant portion of the digital signal processing workload in the base station receiver and can be difficult to realize in a physical
implementation. In non-uniform channelization methods based on generalized DFT filter banks, large prototype filter orders are a significant issue for
implementation. In this paper, a multistage filter design is applied to two different non-uniform generalized DFT-based channelizers in order to reduce their filter
orders. To evaluate the approach, a TETRA and TEDS base station is used. Experimental results show that the new multistage design reduces both the number
of coefficients and operations and leads to a more feasible design and practical physical implementation.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Organometallic Reagents (2005)

Asymmetric 1,4-arylation and 1,4-alkenylation were achieved with the use of organoboronic acids or their derivatives in the presence of a rhodium catalyst coordinated with ligands of the S-2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1-binaphthyl (S-binap) type. The scope of this asymmetric addition is very broad: α,β-unsaturated ketones, esters, amides, alk-1-enyl phosphonates, and 1-nitroalkenes are efficiently converted into the corresponding 1,4-addition products with enantioselectivity >95%. As shown by NMR spectroscopy, the catalytic cycle of the reaction in water involves three intermediates (aryl- or alkenylrhodium, (oxa-π-allyl)rhodium, and hydroxorhodium complexes). The asymmetric addition of B-Ar-9BBN and ArTi(OPri)3 in aprotic solvents occurs with high enantioselectivity under mild conditions to give the corresponding metal enolates as the 1,4-addition products.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF HYBRIDIZATION AND EVOLUTION IN PHLOX MACULATA (1966)

Representatives of P. maculata ssp. maculata and P. glaberrima ssp. interior and 36 putative hybrids were collected from a population in central Indiana. Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of nine diagnostic components in P. maculata ssp. maculata and eight such components in P. glaberrima ssp. interior . Putative F 1 hybrids contained all or most of the parental marker components; markers of the non‐recurrent parent were absent in the two classes of putative backcross progeny. The characters of P. maculata ssp. pyramidalis are a composite of those present in P. maculata ssp. maculata and P. glaberrima ssp. interior , and the former is virtually identical to certain hybrids from the population in question. The contention that P. maculata ssp. pyramidalis is a stabilized derivative of natural hybridization between these taxa is substantiated by the presence of all of the diagnostic constituents of the putative parents on its chromatograms. It is the author's opinion that the definitive data which chromatography affords will be invaluable in elucidating the complex pathways of evolution in Phlox .
Process and local layout effect interaction on a high performance planar 20nm CMOS (2013)

As technology has advanced, layout dependent device parameter shifts are becoming more influential to the actual circuit operation and performance, such that design style differences could create systematic device variability due to layout unless those effect are minimized and well captured in the device model[1]. In this paper, we characterize the device layout effects on a high performance planar 20nm CMOS technology for low power mobile applications [2], and demonstrate a layout effect reduction by optimizing key process elements while improving device performance. Nfet/pfet boundary proximity in Replacement Metal Gate (RMG), Length of active area (LOD or SA/SB) and gate pitch dependency are discussed in terms of Stress Memorization Technique (SMT) and embedded SiGe (eSiGe) processes.
Semantic evaluation for spoken-language systems (1994)

Development has begun on a semantic evaluation (SemEval) methodology and infrastructure for the ARPA Spoken Language Program. SemEval is an attempt to define a task-independent technology-based evaluation for language-understanding systems consisting of three parts: word-sense identification, predicate-argument structure determination, and identification of coreference relations. An initial spoken-language SemEval on ATIS data is planned for November/December 1994, concurrent with the next ATIS CAS (database answer) evaluation.
Endothelin in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and its Relation to Airflow Obstruction in Asthma (1995)

Endothelins (ETs) are a family of peptide mediators that have a number of biological properties, including the ability to act as potent bronchoconstrictors of isolated human airways. To examine the possible involvement of ET in asthma, we have performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 10 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with atopic asthma treated with bronchodilators alone, and 8 patients with atopic asthma treated with inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids. Endothelin concentrations in BAL fluid were measured by radioimmunoassay and total protein concentrations by a colorimetric method. There was a significant increase in the BAL fluid ET levels in the non-steroid-treated patients with asthma compared with the normal subjects, when expressed either as a concentration (median, 0.30 versus 0.08 pM; p = 0.001) or in relation to total protein (median, 3.02 versus 1.08 pmol/g; p = 0.01). There was, however, no statistically significant difference in ET levels between the steroid-treated patients with asthma, and either of the other two groups. In the non-steroid-treated patients with asthma there was a significant negative correlation between the BAL fluid ET concentration and the % predicted FEV1 (r = -0.71, p = 0.03). This correlation was not significant in the steroid-treated subjects, and no correlation between BAL fluid ET concentrations and bronchial reactivity was found in any of the three groups. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ET contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma.
Memrane extraction in analytical chemistry (2001)

In this paper the principles and application of porous and non-porous membrane extraction techniques for sample preparation (pretreatment) in analytical chemistry are reviewed, with emphasis on aqueous samples of biological, environmental, or food origin. These techniques generally offer a high degree of selectivity and enrichment power, and also convenient possibilities for automated connections to chromatographic and other analytical instruments.
A New Functional Role of the Fibrinogen RGD Motif as the Molecular Switch That Selectively Triggers Integrin αIIbβ3-dependent RhoA Activation during Cell Spreading (2005)

A number of RGD-type integrins rely on a synergistic site in addition to the canonical RGD site for ligand binding and signaling, although it is still unclear whether these two recognition sites function independently, synergistically, or competitively. Experimental evidence has suggested that fibrinogen binding to the RGD-type integrin alphaIIbbeta3 occurs exclusively through the synergistic gamma(400-411) sequence, thus questioning the functional role of the RGD recognition site. Here we have investigated the respective role of the fibrinogen gamma(400-411) sequence and the RGD motif in the molecular events leading to ligand-induced alphaIIbbeta3-dependent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell or platelet spreading, by using intact fibrinogen and well characterized plasmin-generated fibrinogen fragments containing either the RGD motif (fragment C) or the gamma(400-411) sequence (fragment D), and CHO cells expressing resting wild type (alphaIIbbeta3wt), constitutively active (alphaIIbbeta3T562N), or non-functional (alphaIIbbeta3D119Y) receptors. Our data provide evidence that the gamma(400-411) site by itself is able to initiate alphaIIbbeta3 clustering and recruitment of intracellular proteins to early focal complexes, mediating cell attachment, FAK phosphorylation, and Rac1 activation, while the RGD motif subsequently acts as a molecular switch on the beta3 subunit to trigger cell spreading. More importantly, we show that the premier functional role of the RGD site is not to reinforce cell attachment but, rather, to imprint a conformational change on the beta3 subunit leading to maximal RhoA activation and actin cytoskeleton organization in CHO cells as well as in platelets. Finally, alphaIIbbeta3-dependent RhoA stimulation and cell spreading, but not cell attachment, are Src-dependent and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-independent and are inhibited by the Src antagonist PP2.
Contraction Dynamics and Power Output of Skeletal Muscle (1993)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More