gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology and clinical experience with tiagabine (2001)

Tiagabine (TGB), a recently approved anti-epileptic drug (AED), has a specific and unique mechanism of action involving the inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) re-uptake into neurones and glia. TGB is potent and has linear and predictable pharmacokinetics. It does not induce or inhibit hepatic metabolism and has no clinically significant effects on the serum concentrations of other AEDs or commonly used non-AEDs. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in primarily hepatic enzyme-induced patients showed that TGB 30 - 56 mg/day is an effective add-on treatment for all subtypes of partial seizures. The most common adverse effects in the trials were dizziness, asthenia (weakness), somnolence, accidental injury, infection, headache, nausea and nervousness. These side effects were usually mild to moderate in severity and generally did not require medical intervention. Long-term safety studies show continued efficacy of TGB over time and no evidence of tolerance for efficacy. Open studies confirm that patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy can be successfully converted to TGB monotherapy and that TGB may be effective for other seizure types, such as infantile spasms.
Language identification in web pages (2005)

This paper discusses the problem of automatically identifying the language of a given Web document. Previous experiments in language guessing focused on analyzing "coherent" text sentences, whereas this work was validated on texts from the Web, often presenting harder problems. Our language "guessing" software uses a well-known n-gram based algorithm, complemented with heuristics and a new similarity measure. Both fast and robust, the software has been in use for the past two years, as part of a crawler for a search engine. Experiments show that it achieves very high accuracy in discriminating different languages on Web pages.
Cure Reaction Pathways of Bismaleimide Polymers:  A Solid-State <sup>15</sup>N NMR Investigation (1998)

The cure reaction pathways of a bismaleimide resin with a diamine are investigated using solid-state 15N NMR spectroscopic techniques with specifically labeled monomers. These techniques provide clear identification of at least three different reaction pathways in the curing resin, one of which has previously been only postulated. In the homopolymerized bismaleimide resin system, maleimide ring addition has previously been shown to be the only observable reaction. When co-reacted with an amine, Michael addition of the amine to the maleimide ring has also been observed. Furthermore, a ring-opening aminolysis reaction, which has been observed in solution with specific reagents and conditions, has been suggested to occur under cure conditions. We show conclusively that this aminolysis reaction occurs to a significant extent during the cure of the neat resin and that this product can remain in the network structure even after a high-temperature postcure treatment. The existence of the amide product is demonstrated using bismaleimide resin formulations selectively labeled with 13C and 15N at specific sites. The 15N chemical shifts and the 13C−15N scalar couplings are consistent with and confirm the amide product formation. Furthermore, under certain cure and postcure conditions, the aminolysis reaction is reversible which may significantly affect the final network structure.
A Combinatorial Approach to Engineering a Dual-Specific Metal Switch Antibody (2011)

There is considerable interest in understanding how multiple binding events can be mediated through a single protein interface. Here, a synthetic library approach was developed to generate a novel dual-specific antibody. Using a combinatorial histidine-scanning phage display library, potential metal binding sites were introduced throughout an anti-RNase A antibody interface. Stepwise selection of RNase A and metal binding produced a dual-specific antibody that retained near wild-type affinity for its target antigen while acquiring a competitive metal binding site that is capable of controlling the antibody-antigen interaction. Structure analysis of the original antibody-RNase A complex suggested peripheral interface residues and loop flexibility are key contributors for obtaining the dual specificity.
Break-Up of Stepped Platinum Catalyst Surfaces by High CO Coverage (2010)

Stepped single-crystal surfaces are viewed as models of real catalysts, which consist of small metal particles exposing a large number of low-coordination sites. We found that stepped platinum (Pt) surfaces can undergo extensive and reversible restructuring when exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) at pressures above 0.1 torr. Scanning tunneling microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy studies under gaseous environments near ambient pressure at room temperature revealed that as the CO surface coverage approaches 100%, the originally flat terraces of (557) and (332) oriented Pt crystals break up into nanometer-sized clusters and revert to the initial morphology after pumping out the CO gas. Density functional theory calculations provide a rationale for the observations whereby the creation of increased concentrations of low-coordination Pt edge sites in the formed nanoclusters relieves the strong CO-CO repulsion in the highly compressed adsorbate film. This restructuring phenomenon has important implications for heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
Antithrombotic effect of recombinant human thrombomodulin on thrombin- induced thromboembolism in mice (1990)

Antithrombotic effect of recombinant human thrombomodulin in mice, both in vitro and in vivo, was studied. The soluble recombinant human thrombomodulin was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified from the conditioned medium by a modification of the conventional method. Recombinant thrombomodulin prolonged thrombin clotting time for mouse plasma in a dose-dependent manner. Thrombin was injected into the lateral tail vein of mice and caused acute thromboembolism. All mice injected with thrombin died of thromboembolism; however, preinjection with recombinant human thrombomodulin neutralized the lethal effect of thrombin in a concentration-dependent manner. Histologic examination showed that fibrin deposits were found in all large and small arteries in the lung from mice injected with thrombin; however, fibrin deposits were not detected in any large arteries from the mouse preinjected with thrombomodulin.
The Hydroflex Self-Contained Inflatable Prosthesis: Experience with 100 Patients (1988)

The Hydroflex penile prosthesis has been implanted in 100 patients with a 1 to 3 1/2-year followup. Patient dissatisfaction among the earlier implants was high due to inadequate girth and support during intercourse and difficulty with inflation and deflation of the device. As experience was gained in patient selection and sizing of the cylinders, patient satisfaction improved considerably. The mechanical reliability of this device has been good to date.
Macrophages are stimulated by muramyl dipeptide to induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in the peritoneal cavities of guinea pigs (1990)

N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide [MDP]) injected intraperitoneally significantly increased the number of cells entering the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs primed with liquid paraffin or thioglycollate. There was a close relationship between peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) accumulation and the uptake of glucosamine by macrophages in guinea pigs treated with a variety of bacterial cell surface components such as cell wall peptidoglycan subunits and bacterial or synthetic lipid A. The PMN accumulation was also facilitated by the intraperitoneal transfer of the peritoneal macrophages that had been stimulated by MDP in vitro. Furthermore, cell-free lavage fluids taken from the peritoneum of MDP-treated guinea pigs also initiated the influx of PMNs when introduced into the peritoneal cavities of liquid paraffin-pretreated guinea pigs. These results suggest that a soluble factor which attracts neutrophils is produced by MDP-treated macrophages. Partial characterization of the factor is described.
Engineering of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated potyvirus resistance in transgene‐free <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants (2016)

Members of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) gene family, including eIF4E and its paralogue eIF(iso)4E, have previously been identified as recessive resistance alleles against various potyviruses in a range of different hosts. However, the identification and introgression of these alleles into important crop species is often limited. In this study, we utilise CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce sequence-specific deleterious point mutations at the eIF(iso)4E locus in Arabidopsis thaliana to successfully engineer complete resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a major pathogen in field-grown vegetable crops. By segregating the induced mutation from the CRISPR/Cas9 transgene, we outline a framework for the production of heritable, homozygous mutations in the transgene-free T2 generation in self-pollinating species. Analysis of dry weights and flowering times for four independent T3 lines revealed no differences from wild-type plants under standard growth conditions, suggesting that homozygous mutations in eIF(iso)4E do not affect plant vigour. Thus, the established CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides a new approach for the generation of Potyvirus resistance alleles in important crops without the use of persistent transgenes.
Large Scale Hydro-Thermal Unit Commitment-Method and Results (1971)

This paper reports upon the development of a unit commitment method, and its implementation in program form on a 100 machine system. The method presented satisfies the many operating constraints that are encountered in system operations. The unit commitment function is employed by operating personnel for both actual operations and for operations planning. The paper discussed the elapsed computing time required to perform the commitment function in a process computer while executing higher priority functions and also the substantial savings realized in system operations over manual methods of commitment.
Multiscale Analysis on Gas Phase and Surface Chemistry of SiC-CVD Process (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Robust control of decision directed loops (2003)

A series of algorithms that significantly extend the range of control for decision-directed structures are presented. Experimental results show that increased control ranges of approximately 20 dB can be obtained for 64-QAM systems. The algorithms can eliminate digital radio outage due to hysteresis during dispersive multipath fading and allow for enhanced control of cross-pol interference cancelers in dual-polarized digital radio systems. The performance of 64-QAM digital radios utilizing these techniques verifies that the substantial improvements predicted by theory are realizable. Examples of performance improvements with thermal noise, FM interference, and multipath fading are given to demonstrate the power of the algorithms. Examples taken from standard production AT&T DR6-30-135 digital radio show that timing and carrier synchronization are easily maintained for 64 QAM systems at signal-to-noise ratios approaching 0 dB. The results can be applied to other communications systems and may eliminate data training sequences in many applications such as voice band modems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From IMGT-ONTOLOGY DESCRIPTION Axiom to IMGT Standardized Labels: For Immunoglobulin (IG) and T Cell Receptor (TR) Sequences and Structures (2011)

INTRODUCTION More than 560 IMGT standardized labels have been defined for the description of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) sequences and structures. These labels, as detailed here, are based on the concepts of description (generated from the DESCRIPTION axiom) of IMGT-ONTOLOGY, the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, built by IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system. IMGT labels for nucleotide sequences correspond to the “Molecule_EntityPrototype” concept with its leafconcepts (a leafconcept is the finest level of granularity), its associated concepts of description, and its prototypes or graphical representations. These labels have been essential for the IG and TR description in the IMGT sequence and gene databases (IMGT/LIGM-DB, IMGT/GENE-DB) and tools (IMGT/V-QUEST, IMGT/JunctionAnalysis, IMGT/HighV-QUEST, IMGT/LIGMotif). IMGT labels for amino acid sequences and structures correspond to the “RECEPTOR,” “CHAIN,” and “DOMAIN” concepts. These labels have been crucial for the IG and TR description in the IMGT two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) databases (IMGT/2Dstructure-DB, IMGT/3Dstructure-DB) and tools (IMGT/DomainDisplay, IMGT/DomainGapAlign). As all leafconcepts of description are directly translated into IMGT standardized labels for use in the IMGT databases and tools, IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts of description contribute to data coherence and consistency and facilitate the interoperability between the different components of IMGT, bridging the description of sequences and structures.
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) expression is associated with cell proliferative activity and cdc2 expression in malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. (2004)

These results suggest that PLK1 regulates the cell cycle progression of thyroid lymphoma cells in the G2-M-phase.
Serum Fluorescent Antibody And Immunoglobulin Estimations In Candidosis (1970)

SUMMARY The indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to determine the titre and immunoglobulin class of antibodies to Candida albicans in sera from 65 subjects. In patients with candidosis, antibodies were detected in the three main classes of immunoglobulins; significant titres of IgG were found in 78 per cent. of them, of IgM in 51 per cent., and of IgA in 30 per cent. Some differences were also found in incidence, titre and immunoglobulin class between the four types of candidosis. Serum fractionation by DEAE cellulose chromatography confirmed that antibodies to Candida albicans are found in the three immunoglobulin classes. The concentrations of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were also determined, but these failed to show significant differences between patients and controls. There was no correlation between the fluorescent antibody titre of a particular immunoglobulin class and the corresponding immunoglobulin concentration.
Planning and Operating Combined Wind-Storage System in Electricity Market (2012)

The increasing penetration of renewable sources in power systems yields various issues in network operation. Most of them are related to uncertainties of energy production. In particular, the variability of wind source does not allow for accurate forecasting of power generation. Production plans may not be accomplished, incurring penalties for system unbalance. For this reason, the use of an energy storage system can improve integration of wind energy in production planning and dispatch. In this paper, an approach for planning and operating an energy storage system for a wind farm in the electricity market is proposed. To this purpose, electrochemical batteries are employed to compensate for generation variations in order to set up a reliable hourly delivery profile, complying with market requirements. The delivery plan can be settled according to energy prices, as well. Moreover, an economic feasibility analysis is carried out on the combined wind-storage system.
An array of interdigitated parallel wire electrodes for preparing a large-scale nanocomposite film with aligned carbon nanotubes (2011)

Application of high electric field is effective for the alignment of carbon nanotube (CNT) in a nanocomposite film. The conventionally used single pair of parallel plate electrodes is not applicable to large-sized nanocomposite fabrication due to limited output voltage of the high-voltage source. We have proposed an array of parallel wire electrodes to address this issue. The composite material was spread over a thin dielectric layer placed on the wire electrodes. The high electric field region can be extended over a wider area just by increasing the number of electrode pairs. Discrete electric field distribution bordered by the wire electrodes was avoided by linearly oscillated motion of the composite film. A CNT/epoxy resin composite film with a size of 15 cm × 15 cm was successfully fabricated.
A joint signal processing and cryptographic approach to multimedia encryption (2006)

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend for multimedia applications to use delegate service providers for content distribution, archiving, search, and retrieval. These delegate services have brought new challenges to the protection of multimedia content confidentiality. This paper discusses the importance and feasibility of applying a joint signal processing and cryptographic approach to multimedia encryption, in order to address the access control issues unique to multimedia applications. We propose two atomic encryption operations that can preserve standard compliance and are friendly to delegate processing. Quantitative analysis for these operations is presented to demonstrate that a good tradeoff can be made between security and bitrate overhead. In assisting the design and evaluation of media security systems, we also propose a set of multimedia-oriented security scores to quantify the security against approximation attacks and to complement the existing notion of generic data security. Using video as an example, we present a systematic study on how to strategically integrate different atomic operations to build a video encryption system. The resulting system can provide superior performance over both generic encryption and its simple adaptation to video in terms of a joint consideration of security, bitrate overhead, and friendliness to delegate processing.
Improving the image quality of block-based video coders by exploiting interblock redundancy (2002)

Narrowband video transmission via ISDN or wireless channels requires high compression factors. Common block-based coders achieve this by taking account of the statistical correlations within the image blocks. Correlations between neighbouring image blocks, however, are neglected. We present an approach using discrete cosine transforms which takes advantage of this additional information hidden in the statistical dependencies between neighbouring blocks in order to improve the image quality of the decoder. The luminance of the current block to be coded is predicted from the surrounding image blocks in order to correct coding errors. By this means the annoying blocking artefacts will be reduced. A smooth and well-balanced image display results. At the same time edges of real objects are undisturbed, thus the sharpness remains.
Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. L. Synthesis of atropisomeric biphenylbisphosphine, 6,6'-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,3'-dimethoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetramethyl-1,1'-biphenyl and its use in rhodium(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. (1991)

An optically pure atropisomeric biphenylbisphosphine, Cy-BIMOP, has been prepared, and its rhodium(I) complex showed higher catalytic activity and better enantioselectivity with the reverse configuration than BIMOP, p-MeO-BIMOP, and BINAP in the asymmetric hydrogentions of (Z)-α-acetamidoxinnamic acid, itaconic acid, and its derivative.
Ancient administrative handwritten documents: X-ray analysis and imaging (2015)

Handwritten characters in administrative antique documents from three centuries have been detected using different synchrotron X-ray imaging techniques. Heavy elements in ancient inks, present even for everyday administrative manuscripts as shown by X-ray fluorescence spectra, produce attenuation contrast. In most cases the image quality is good enough for tomography reconstruction in view of future applications to virtual page-by-page `reading'. When attenuation is too low, differential phase contrast imaging can reveal the characters from refractive index effects. The results are potentially important for new information harvesting strategies, for example from the huge Archivio di Stato collection, objective of the Venice Time Machine project.
Systemic pre‐treatment with a group II mGlu agonist, LY379268, reduces hyperalgesia <i>in vivo</i> (2002)

1. Previous studies investigating the role of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in nociceptive processing have been hampered by the lack of systemically active, selective, ligands. This study investigates the possible analgesic and/or anti-hyperalgesic properties of the most potent compound to date that has systemic agonist activity at group II mGlu receptors, LY379268. 2. In testing the drug in rats as an analgesic to acute noxious stimuli, LY379268 (in doses up to 3 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not affect withdrawal latencies to either mechanical or thermal stimulation. 3. However, when a 3 mg kg(-1) dose was given prior to an intraplantar injection of carrageenan, the inflammatory hyperalgesia that developed was significantly delayed compared to saline pre-treated controls, without affecting the inflammation of the paw. A similar dose of the mGlu-inactive enantiomer, LY379267, was not anti-hyperalgesic. 4. In a model of mouse tail withdrawal to warm water, LY379268 (12 mg kg(-1) i.p.), given before a subcutaneous tail injection of capsaicin, reduced the subsequent neurogenic hyperalgesia. 5. Rota-rod testing showed that the drug did not produce a motor impairment in rats at antihyperalgesic doses. 6. The results indicate that systemic activation of this group of mGlu receptors reduces both inflammatory and neurogenic thermal hyperalgesia.
Meprin metalloprotease expression and regulation in kidney, intestine, urinary tract infections and cancer (2005)

Meprins are unique plasma membrane and secreted metalloproteinases that are highly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Meprin alpha and beta subunits are abundantly expressed in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells, are secreted into the urinary tract and intestinal lumen, and are found in leukocytes and cancer cells under certain conditions. Their location and proteolytic activities indicate functions at the interface of the host and the external environment, and in trafficking of macrophages and metastases of cancer cells. These proteases can be detrimental when there is tissue damage or disruption, as in acute renal injury or intestinal inflammation, and there is evidence they are involved in movement of leukocytes and cancer cells to sites of infection or in metastasis, respectively.