gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Doping Effect on the Electrochemical Properties of LiFe[sub 0.95]M[sub 0.05]PO[sub 4] (M=Mg[sup 2+], Ni[sup 2+], Al[sup 3+], or V[sup 3+]) as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Cells (2008)

, , , or ion with an atomic radius similar to or smaller than that of ion was doped into the Fe site to synthesize samples using a solution method. The mean particle size of all samples, independent of doping species, was about . All samples in this study contain a carbon content of about and have a similar Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (about ). The synergetic effect of the supervalency and larger atomic size of the doping element will induce the lattice expansion and Li–O bond lengthening of the olivine structure. The lengthening and weakening of the Li–O bond will be beneficial to the electrochemical performance of cathode materials especially under the high C rate. Hence, the powder with the largest volume of unit cells (longest Li–O bond length) exhibits the highest discharging capacity of 152 and at C/10 and 1C rates, respectively.
A new isolated half-bridge soft-switching pulse-width modulated DC-DC converter (2003)

A novel isolated half-bridge soft-switching DC-DC converter, regulated by pulse-width modulation, is presented. To achieve regulation of the power transferred to the load at constant frequency, an auxiliary switch commutating at zero current is placed between the output rectifier and the load, which is synchronously gated with the main switches. The principle of operation, a theoretical analysis, the design procedure, and an example are provided along with laboratory experimental results. It is concluded that there is no overvoltage stress across the transistor. Because all parasitic components are absorbed, the converter is suitable for high-frequency, high-power applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate optical frequency atlas of the 15-µm bands of acetylene (1996)

We have measured the absolute optical frequencies of 90 rovibrational lines of the 12C2H2 and 13C2H2 1.5-µm bands. Using an optical frequency comb generator, we could precisely measure the relative frequencies between two lasers stabilized on the saturation dip of the rovibrational lines up to 2 THz apart. The absolute frequencies were determined with respect to the Rb two-photon transition at 0.778 µm with a HCN rovibration line at 1.556 µm used as an intermediate reference. This measurement provides an accurate frequency atlas of acetylene 1.5-µm bands with an uncertainty of ∼10-9.
Implementation of three-dimensional subband filters on the video array processor (2003)

The author addresses the implementation of real-time three-dimensional subband video coders on a multiple-instruction/multiple-data (MIMD) programmable array processor, referred to as the video array processor. The key features of this architecture include a distributed frame memory and global data bus. The distributed memory provides local frame store for the implementation of temporal and horizontal filtering. The global bus provides interprocessor communication both for transporting the data for vertical filtering, and transfer of coded and uncoded data. A videoconferencing rate coder developed on this hardware is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compressive and torsional buckling of thin-wall cylinders in yield region (1956)

Based onassumptions which ham ledtothebestagreemexrt between theory andtestdataoninelastic buckling offl.atplates, a general set ofequilibrium differential equations fortheplastic buckling of cylinders hasbeenderived.These equations havebeenusedto obt@nsolutions forthecompressive andtorsional buckling oflongcylinders in theyield region.Testdataarepresented which indicate satisfactory agreement with .thetheoretical plasticity-reduction factors inmst cases.Where a difference inresults exists, testdatasxein substantially better agreementwiththeresults obtained byuseofthemaximum-shear lawrather thantheoctahedral-shear lawtotransform axial.stress-strain datato shear stress-strain data.
A critical study of different Monte Carlo scoring methods of dose average linear-energy-transfer maps calculated in voxelized geometries irradiated with clinical proton beams (2015)

We compare unrestricted dose average linear energy transfer (LET) maps calculated with three different Monte Carlo scoring methods in voxelized geometries irradiated with proton therapy beams with three different Monte Carlo scoring methods. Simulations were done with the Geant4 (Geometry ANd Tracking) toolkit. The first method corresponds to a step-by-step computation of LET which has been reported previously in the literature. We found that this scoring strategy is influenced by spurious high LET components, which relative contribution in the dose average LET calculations significantly increases as the voxel size becomes smaller. Dose average LET values calculated for primary protons in water with voxel size of 0.2 mm were a factor ~1.8 higher than those obtained with a size of 2.0 mm at the plateau region for a 160 MeV beam. Such high LET components are a consequence of proton steps in which the condensed-history algorithm determines an energy transfer to an electron of the material close to the maximum value, while the step length remains limited due to voxel boundary crossing. Two alternative methods were derived to overcome this problem. The second scores LET along the entire path described by each proton within the voxel. The third followed the same approach of the first method, but the LET was evaluated at each step from stopping power tables according to the proton kinetic energy value. We carried out microdosimetry calculations with the aim of deriving reference dose average LET values from microdosimetric quantities. Significant differences between the methods were reported either with pristine or spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs). The first method reported values systematically higher than the other two at depths proximal to SOBP by about 15% for a 5.9 cm wide SOBP and about 30% for a 11.0 cm one. At distal SOBP, the second method gave values about 15% lower than the others. Overall, we found that the third method gave the most consistent performance since it returned stable dose average LET values against simulation parameter changes and gave the best agreement with dose average LET estimations from microdosimetry calculations.
Conditional Synergism between Cryptochrome 1 and Phytochrome B Is Shown by the Analysis of <i>phyA</i>, <i>phyB</i>, and<i>hy4</i> Simple, Double, and Triple Mutants in Arabidopsis (1998)

Wild-type or phyA, phyB, or hy4 mutant Arabidopsis seedlings lacking phytochrome A (phyA), phytochrome B (phyB), or cryptochrome 1 (cry1), respectively, and the double and triple mutants were used in combination with blue-light treatments given simultaneously with red or far-red light. We investigated the interaction between phytochromes and cry1 in the control of hypocotyl growth and cotyledon unfolding. Under conditions deficient for cry1 (short exposures to blue light) or phyB (far-red background), these photoreceptors acted synergistically: Under short exposures to blue light (3 h/d) added to a red-light background, cry1 activity required phyB (e.g. the hy4 mutant was taller than the wild type but the phyBhy4 mutant was not taller than the phyB mutant). Under prolonged exposures to blue light (24 h/d) added to a far-red light background, phyB activity required cry1 (e.g. the phyAphyB mutant was taller than the phyA mutant but the phyAphyBhy4 mutant was not taller than the phyAhy4 mutant). Under more favorable light inputs, i.e. prolonged exposures to blue light added to a red-light background, the effects of cry1 and phyB were independent. Thus, the synergism between phyB and cry1 is conditional. The effect of cry1 was not reduced by the phyA mutation under any tested light condition. Under continuous blue light the triple mutant phyAphyBhy4 showed reduced hypocotyl growth inhibition and cotyledon unfolding compared with the phyAphyB mutant. The action of cry1 in the phyAphyB double mutant was higher under the red-light than the far-red-light background, indicating a synergistic interaction between cry1 and phytochromes C, D, or E; however, a residual action of cry1 independent of any phytochrome is likely to occur.
Make ethylene and benzene by flash methanolysis of coal (1982)

On rapidly reacting methane with coal at short residence times (<10s) at temperatures in the range 825-900 C and pressure of 50-100 lb/in/sup 2/, significant yields of ethylene, BTX, and light oils are formed. There appears to be no net consumption of methane. The process is analagous to the flash hydropyrolysis process for coal, and is termed flash methanolysis. The results of experimental runs under different conditions are given, showing the yield of products. A possible reaction mechanism is postulated. The application of this type of process is discussed and a preliminary economic analysis is attempted.
Blood Gases: Continuous in vivo Recording of Partial Pressures by Mass Spectrography (1966)

Gases were sampled directly from circulating blood through a membrane at the tip of an intravascular cannula that was connected to the analyzing section of a mass spectrometer. Partial gas pressures and membrane permeability determine gas flow into the spectrometer. Arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen pressures were simultaneously recorded in an anesthetized animal subjected to various respiratory maneuvers.
Stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and total MRI brain small-vessel disease burden (2014)

The total SVD score may provide a more complete estimate of the full impact of SVD on the brain, in a simple and pragmatic way. It could have potential for patient or risk stratification or early efficacy assessment in clinical trials of interventions to prevent SVD progression and may (after further testing) have a useful role in clinical practice.
Structural characterization of Celgard® microporous membrane precursors: Melt‐extruded polyethylene films (1994)

Abstract “Row nucleated lamellar” structures are formed when highly crystalline polymers are melt‐extruded and recrystallized under high stress. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) films with row lamellar structures have been utilized to produce microporous membranes. Birefringence measurements of melt‐extruded PE films show that improved film orientation can be achieved by annealing, extruding at higher speed, and using higher molecular weight polymers. Images from scanning tunneling, atomic force, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (STM, AFM, and FESEM) clearly show the lamellar structures in the melt‐extruded PE and PP films. Microscopy results also show that surface lamellar textures are more pronounced with thicker lamellae and are better aligned along the extrusion direction after annealing. X‐ray diffraction results show that the increase in film orientation can be attributed to increased lamellar perfection and orientation during annealing and also to better crystallite alignment along the machine direction with higher extrusion speed or with higher molecular weight. High‐resolution capabilities of STM, AFM, and FESEM prove to be very effective tools in elucidating lamellar structures in polymeric membrane precursors and can be used as an aid in establishing structure–process–property relationships in making microporous membranes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Crisci V. Security Insurance Co.: The Dawn of the Modern Era of Insurance: Bad Faith and Emotional Distress Damages (2002)

Crisci v. Security Insurance Co. typifies the doctrine of "bad faith," one of the most interesting and important contributions of insurance law to the general body of law. It "typifies" the doctrine with its classic, if somewhat extreme, fact pattern, and with its reliance on the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing for the recognition of a cause of action that sounds in tort. Yet it also represents a potential for bad faith law that has not yet been fulfilled: the promise of emotional distress damages for an insurer's failure to settle.\nThis article explores both what Crisci has contributed and what it may still contribute. It begins with a brief overview of the case itself, followed by an analysis of its historical contribution to bad faith law generally. It then turns to the issue of emotional distress to describe how courts have responded to Crisci on that issue, and to make a normative argument that emotional distress damages should be routinely available in bad faith cases.
Emergent semantics (2002)

The article discusses ways to let semantics emerge from simple observations from the bottom-up, rather than imposing concepts on the observations top-down, to provide precise query, retrieval, communication or translation for a wide variety of applications. The following areas are examined: image retrieval and databases; media information spaces including the Semantic Web and MPEG frameworks; language games for emergent semantics; and emergent semantics for ontologies.
I Have a Dream about Work/Life Balance (2007)

When I was asked to speak about parental leave I decided to focus on my comparatively recent experiences when my daughter was born in 2002.
Reconstruction of 3D objects by integration of multiple range data (2003)

A new approach to integrate range data from multiple viewpoints is described. Complicated objects, for example flowers, are observed by a range finder from multiple viewpoints whose relative position is unknown. After simple segmentation, correspondences of regions between two consecutive data are examined. This matching process relies on regions which are not supposed to be influenced by occlusion. Transformation parameters between two data are calculated by referring to the matching result. An iteration process to minimize difference estimates of corresponding regions is devised so that a more accurate result is obtained. Data observed from multiple viewpoints are transferred to standard coordinates and integrated. Results on some objects, for example flowers, show that so far that this method is promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Disparity Estimation for the Intermediate View Interpolation of Stereoscopic Images (2006)

The paper presents a disparity estimation method that combines a phase-based disparity estimation algorithm with an energy-based variational refinement approach, and adapts the method for the application of intermediate view interpolation. The Gabor transform is implemented using a set of quadrature-pair filters for finding the local phase information as well as for estimating the correspondences in stereo pairs. Then the estimated coarse disparity is applied to the variational refinement process which involves solving a partial differential equation (PDE) associated with an edge-preserving regularization functional. Two stereo image pairs in which the original intermediate images are available were used to test the algorithm, where our interpolated intermediate images could be compared with the originals. The performance with PSNR results shows that our method can provide very good images without introducing obvious artifacts.
A Modular Approach to Cardiac Tissue Engineering (2010)

Functional cardiac tissue was prepared using a modular tissue engineering approach with the goal of creating vascularized tissue. Rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) were seeded onto submillimeter-sized modules made of type I bovine collagen supplemented with Matrigel™ (25% v/v) embedded with cardiomyocyte (CM)-enriched neonatal rat heart cells and assembled into a contractile, macroporous, sheet-like construct. Modules (without RAEC) cultured in 10% bovine serum (BS) were more contractile and responsive to external stimulus (lower excitation threshold, higher maximum capture rate, and greater en face fractional area changes) than modules cultured in 10% fetal BS. Incorporating 25% Matrigel in the matrix reduced the excitation threshold and increased the fractional area change relative to collagen only modules (without RAEC). A coculture medium, containing 10% BS, low Mg2+ (0.814mM), and normal glucose (5.5mM), was used to maintain RAEC junction morphology (VE-cadherin) and CM contractility, although the responsiveness of CM was attenuated with RAEC on the modules. Macroporous, sheet-like module constructs were assembled by partially immobilizing a layer of modules in alginate gel until day 8, with or without RAEC. RAEC/CM module sheets were electrically responsive; however, like modules with RAEC this responsiveness was attenuated relative to CM-only sheets. Muscle bundles coexpressing cardiac troponin I and connexin-43 were evident near the perimeter of modules and at intermodule junctions. These results suggest the potential of the modular approach as a platform for building vascularized cardiac tissue.
Case Study (1993)

IN THE MID‐1980S, ALLEN‐BRADLEY SAW THAT THE REQUIREMENTS FOR world‐class competitiveness in manufacturing were changing. The company's Milwaukee headquarters was manufacturing such basic electro‐mechanical products as push buttons, starters, and limit switches. But reaching new levels of competitiveness meant more than starting, stopping, and sensing. Customers were looking for ways to improve productivity and add value to their products, and this required a new generation of microprocessor‐based products.
Solid defects condensation during watermark formation for immersion lithography (2006)

In immersion lithography technique, some defects such as a watermark and a nanoscale bubble have been focused as the serious problems to be solved. In order to clarify the formation mechanism of the watermark, the in-situ observation of the drying behavior of the water drop containing the particles and without the particles, are conducted on the Si substrates. In the static watermark formation on the flat substrate, we can classify the watermark formation processes based on the watermark shapes. From the surface energy balance analysis, the particles dispersed in the DI-water adhere on the Si substrate. In addition, from the Laplace force balance, the particles adhered on the Si substrate will attract the surrounding particles. Hence, we can clarify the formation mechanism of the static watermark condensed in the ring shape. Meanwhile, in the dynamic watermark formation, we can observe clearly the condensed watermark is formed on the Si substrate and the particles move to lower region in inclined drop. In actual immersion lithography system, we can discuss the particles are more likely to remain in the immersion liquid under the lens system.
Synthesis of some carbazolequinone alkaloids and their analogues. Facile palladium-assisted intramolecular ring closure of arylamino-1,4-benzoquinones to carbazole-1,4-quinones. (1991)

Carbazolequinone alkaloids, murrayaquinone-A (1a), and pyrayaquinone-A (2) and -B (3), as well as pyrano[3, 2-b]carbazolequinone 5, an isomer of 2 and 3, were prepared conveniently by the palladium-assisted intramolecular ring closure of the corresponding 2-arylamino-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinones 9a and 9i-k. A series of their analogues, 6-, 7-, and 8-substituted 3-methylcarbazole-1, 4-quinone derivatives 1b-g and 2-methylcarbazolequinones 6a-g corresponding to 1a-g, was also prepared in the same manner. Comparative analysis of the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra was found to provide useful information for the structural assignment of either 2- or 3-methylcarbazolequinones.
Creating a snoezelen in PICU (1997)

Jane white describes the benefits of gentle stimulation leading to relaxation for critically ill children
v-Src SH3-enhanced Interaction with Focal Adhesion Kinase at β1 Integrin-containing Invadopodia Promotes Cell Invasion (2002)

In viral Src (v-Src)-transformed cells, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) associates with v-Src by combined v-Src SH2 and gain-of-function v-Src SH3 domain binding to FAK. Here we assess the significance of the Arg-95 to Trp gain-of-function mutation in the v-Src SH3 domain through comparisons of Src-/- fibroblasts transformed with either Prague C v-Src or a point mutant (v-Src-RT) containing a normal (Arg-95) SH3 domain. Both v-Src isoforms exhibited equivalent kinase activity, enhanced Src-/- cell motility, and stimulated cell growth in both low serum and soft agar. The stability of a v-Src-RT.FAK signaling complex and FAK phosphorylation at Tyr-861 and Tyr-925 were reduced in v-Src-RT- compared with v-Src-transformed cells. v-Src but not v-Src-RT promoted Src-/- cell invasion through a reconstituted Matrigel basement membrane barrier and v-Src co-localized with FAK and beta(1) integrin at invadopodia. In contrast, v-Src-RT exhibited a partial perinuclear and focal contact distribution in Src-/- cells. Adenovirus-mediated FAK overexpression promoted v-Src-RT recruitment to invadopodia, the formation of a v-Src-RT.FAK signaling complex, and reversed the v-Src-RT invasion deficit. Adenovirus-mediated inhibition of FAK blocked v-Src-stimulated cell invasion. These studies establish that gain-of-function v-Src SH3 targeting interactions with FAK at beta(1) integrin-containing invadopodia act to stabilize a v-Src.FAK signaling complex promoting cell invasion.
Analysis on semantic transactional memory footprint for hardware transactional memory (2010)

We analyze various characteristics of semantic transactional memory footprint (STMF) that consists of only the memory accesses the underlying hardware transactional memory (HTM) system has to manage for the correct execution of transactional programs. Our analysis shows that STMF can be significantly smaller than declarative transactional memory footprint (DTMF) that contains all memory accesses within transaction boundaries (i.e., only 8.3% of DTMF in the applications examined). This result encourages processor designers and software toolchain developers to explore new design points for low-cost HTM systems and intelligent software toolchains to find and leverage STMF efficiently. We identify seven code patterns that belong to DTMF, but not to STMF, and show that they take up 91.7% of all memory accesses in transactional boundaries, on average, for the transactional programs examined. A new instruction prefix is proposed to express STMF efficiently, and the existing compiler techniques are examined to check their applicability to deduce STMF from DTMF. Our trace analysis shows that using STMF significantly reduces the ratio of transactions overflowing a 32KB L1 cache, from 12.80% to 2.00%, and substantially lowers the false positive probability of Bloom filters used for transaction signature management, from 23.60% to less than 0.001%. The simulation result shows that the STAMP applications with the STMF expression run 40% faster on average than those with the DTMF expression.