gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification Framework of MapReduce Scheduling Algorithms (2015)

A MapReduce scheduling algorithm plays a critical role in managing large clusters of hardware nodes and meeting multiple quality requirements by controlling the order and distribution of users, jobs, and tasks execution. A comprehensive and structured survey of the scheduling algorithms proposed so far is presented here using a novel multidimensional classification framework. These dimensions are (i) meeting quality requirements, (ii) scheduling entities, and (iii) adapting to dynamic environments; each dimension has its own taxonomy. An empirical evaluation framework for these algorithms is recommended. This survey identifies various open issues and directions for future research.
Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> Release and Polymorphonuclear Cell Infiltration in Spinal Cord Injury (1990)

Activation of arachidonic acid occurs after spinal cord injury. Leukotriene B4 is a lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. In a rat model of experimental spinal cord injury, we found that the leukotriene B4 content was less than the sensitivity of our assay (8 pg/mg of protein) in non-traumatized spinal cord. Leukotriene B4 was detectable in traumatized cord (mean +/- SE, 25 +/- 5 pg/mg of protein; n = 3). Release of leukotriene B4 from spinal cord slices into the incubation medium was also noted after trauma (9 +/- 1 pg/mg of protein; n = 12) and was enhanced by exposure of traumatized spinal cord slices to the calcium ionophore A23187 (375 +/- 43 pg/mg of protein; n = 12). The amount of leukotriene B4 released corresponded to the extent of post-traumatic polymorphonuclear cell infiltration determined by a myeloperoxidase assay. Results from this study suggest that the source of leukotriene B4 in spinal cord injury is infiltrating polymorphonuclear cells.
DNA Fingerprinting with a Dispersed Repeated Sequence Resolves Pathotype Diversity in the Rice Blast Fungus (1991)

Morris Levy, Jose Romao, Marco A. Marchetti, John E. Hamer, DNA Fingerprinting with a Dispersed Repeated Sequence Resolves Pathotype Diversity in the Rice Blast Fungus, The Plant Cell, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan., 1991), pp. 95-102
Kramers-Kronig Analysis of Reflectance Data for Diamond (1964)

The use of the Kramers-Kronig relation in the analysis of reflectance data is discussed briefly. The recent results of Walker and Osantowski for diamond are reanalyzed and found to be in some error. New data are presented which appear more consistent with the expected optical behavior of diamond.
Sulfate transport in human lung fibroblasts (IMR‐90) (1985)

Sulfate transport in a fibroblast cell line derived from human lung (IMR-90) occurred mainly via high- and low-affinity, SITS-sensitive pathways and to a lesser extent by an SITS-insensitive mechanism. In low-ionic-strength media (sucrose substituted for salts) the apparent Km of the carrier-mediated sulfate influx was 1 mM. At 0.3 mM, the sulfate concentration normally found in human serum, the contribution of the SITS-insensitive pathway was negligible. In physiological salts solution, an SITS-sensitive, high-affinity (Km 34 +/- 14 microM) sulfate influx system was observed at extracellular sulfate concentrations less than 100 microM. Between 100 and 500 microM sulfate, the range normally found in human serum, sulfate influx occurred via an SITS-sensitive, low-affinity pathway and to a small extent by an SITS-insensitive mechanism. Extracellular chloride inhibited the influx and stimulated the efflux of sulfate. Bicarbonate and thiosulfate inhibited sulfate influx but had no effect on sulfate efflux. Phosphate, arsenate, or Na+ did not affect sulfate uptake. These results indicate that in human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells sulfate is transported mainly via an SO4(2-)/Cl- exchange system independent of the phosphate or Na+ transport. Since sulfate concentration as high as 50 mM only slightly increased sulfate efflux, SO4(2-)/SO4(2-) exchange is probably a minor component of sulfate uptake.
Impact of etching kinetics on the roughening of thermal SiO2 and low-k dielectric coral films in fluorocarbon plasmas (2007)

The impact of etching kinetics and etching chemistries on surface roughening was investigated by etching thermal silicon dioxide and low-k dielectric coral materials in C4F8∕Ar plasma beams in an inductive coupled plasma beam reactor. The etching kinetics, especially the angular etching yield curves, were measured by changing the plasma pressure and the feed gas composition which influence the effective neutral-to-ion flux ratio during etching. At low neutral-to-ion flux ratios, the angular etching yield curves are sputteringlike, with a peak around 60°–70° off-normal angles; the surface at grazing ion incidence angles becomes roughened due to ion scattering related ion-channeling effects. At high neutral-to-ion flux ratios, ion enhanced etching dominates and surface roughening at grazing angles is mainly caused by the local fluorocarbon deposition induced micromasking mechanism. Interestingly, the etched surfaces at grazing angles remain smooth for both films at intermediate neutral-to-ion flux ratio regime. Furthermore, the oxygen addition broadens the region over which the etching without roughening can be performed.
A Novel Algorithm for Determining Endocardial VT Exit Site from 12‐Lead Surface ECG Characteristics in Human, Infarct‐Related Ventricular Tachycardia (2007)

This algorithm can be used to predict endocardial LV VT exit site location in patients undergoing catheter ablation of VT without knowledge of or reference to infarct location, and can be applied to patients with posterior and/or multiple sites of infarction.
Biochemical and molecular properties of cisplatin-resistant A2780 cells grown in folinic acid. (1988)

In this study, A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells were grown in folinic acid in contrast to folic acid, and the molecular and biochemical properties of cisplatin-resistant A2780 cells were analyzed for changes in the dTMP synthase cycle. At concentrations of folinic acid that were optimal for cell growth (10(-8) M), the ED50 for cisplatin was 2.5 and 43 microM in the A2780S and A2780DDP cells, respectively. Resistance to cisplatin was associated with a 2-fold cross-resistance to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil as well as a 3-fold increase in both dTMP synthase activity and mRNA. The ED50 for methotrexate was similar in both A2780S and A2780DDP cells (1.2 microM). When both the A2780S and A2780DDP cells were grown in folinic acid, there was no significant difference in the level of dihydrofolate reductase activity. This data would suggest that cisplatin resistance is associated with changes in folate metabolism.
A pentagonal fast block matching algorithm for motion estimation using adaptive search range (2003)

In this paper, we present a PFBMA (pentagonal fast block matching algorithm) using adaptive search range. The proposed algorithm classifies images into dynamic and static images by a motion equation and performs block matching using adaptive search range. The motion equation calculates the degree of motion in a MB (macro block). A MB declared as static by this equation is matched with a small fixed search range and a MB declared as dynamic is estimated with three different search ranges. In this search pattern, more points are allocated in the region of high MV (motion vector) probability which is found by smaller matching error and these searching points appear like a pentagonal shape. This proposed pentagonal search pattern also considers search direction to avoid a local minimum. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves low computational complexity and better image quality compared with other conventional fast block matching algorithms.
Prediction of Whole-body Lifting Kinematics using Artificial Neural Networks (2005)

Musculoskeletal pain and injury continue to be prevalent sources of disability for thousands of workers in the U.S. every year. Proactive approaches to the reduction of this incidence attempt to prevent the injury by effecting task design so that human capabilities and limitations are driving factors in the task design and analysis process. Knowledge about the posture and kinematics that might be employed by an individual in performing a task is an important element of these proactive approaches to task design and analysis, especially for manual materials handling (i.e., lifting) exertions. In turn, accurate models that predict posture and kinematics can reduce the need for empirical postural and kinematic data in this task development process. Artificial neural networks were used in this investigation to achieve these predictions. As input, these networks received information about lift characteristics (e.g. target location, movement duration) and returned a predicted set of joint angles. Two types of networks were created, one to predict static posture based on target position, the second to predict the time histories of several joint angles (i.e., kinematics) as an object is lifted or lowered. Initial networks were created for sagittally symmetric lifts (two dimensions), but the final set of networks was expanded to make predictions for symmetric and asymmetric lifts in three
Designing Human Machine Interface for Vehicle's EFI Engine Using Siemen's PLC and SCADA System (2015)

Issues such as environmental concerns and increasing prices of petroleum products have motivated researchers to concentrate on finding alternative control schemes to minimize aforementioned issues. Moreover, the environmental emissions are further categorized into two main parts. The first is the old automobile engine, the second is the fuel consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring and control of automobile engine is required to reduce the environmental emissions and fuel consumption. This paper presents a real time control scheme to monitor and control the sensors of Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) diesel engine. Siemens S7-300 modular Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and WinCC Flexible Human Machine Interface (HMI) are used to design a test bed using SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system. In the proposed design, PLC senses the digital and analogue input signals from EFI sensors, and generate desired controlled output signals based on the ladder logic program implemented in the PLC. Contemporary, human operator (driver) can monitor the process variations on a single HMI screen and control the outputs by a single touch as well.
How To Deal with Multiple Binding Poses in Alchemical Relative Protein–Ligand Binding Free Energy Calculations (2015)

Recent advances in improved force fields and sampling methods have made it possible for the accurate calculation of protein–ligand binding free energies. Alchemical free energy perturbation (FEP) using an explicit solvent model is one of the most rigorous methods to calculate relative binding free energies. However, for cases where there are high energy barriers separating the relevant conformations that are important for ligand binding, the calculated free energy may depend on the initial conformation used in the simulation due to the lack of complete sampling of all the important regions in phase space. This is particularly true for ligands with multiple possible binding modes separated by high energy barriers, making it difficult to sample all relevant binding modes even with modern enhanced sampling methods. In this paper, we apply a previously developed method that provides a corrected binding free energy for ligands with multiple binding modes by combining the free energy results from multiple alchemical FEP calculations starting from all enumerated poses, and the results are compared with Glide docking and MM-GBSA calculations. From these calculations, the dominant ligand binding mode can also be predicted. We apply this method to a series of ligands that bind to c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) and obtain improved free energy results. The dominant ligand binding modes predicted by this method agree with the available crystallography, while both Glide docking and MM-GBSA calculations incorrectly predict the binding modes for some ligands. The method also helps separate the force field error from the ligand sampling error, such that deviations in the predicted binding free energy from the experimental values likely indicate possible inaccuracies in the force field. An error in the force field for a subset of the ligands studied was identified using this method, and improved free energy results were obtained by correcting the partial charges assigned to the ligands. This improved the root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the predicted binding free energy from 1.9 kcal/mol with the original partial charges to 1.3 kcal/mol with the corrected partial charges.
Low-Aberration Einzel Lens for a Focused-Ion-Beam System (1985)

A low-aberration electrostatic einzel lens for a finely-focused ion-beam system has been developed. The system design goal was a total aberration of 0.1 µm under the following conditions: beam half-angle, 2.5 mrad; working distance, 43 mm; beam energy spread, 10 eV; accelerating energy, 30 keV. The total aberration was reduced by using the following two guidelines: First, the einzel lens operated in the accelerating mode provides low chromatic and spherical aberrations. Second, spherical aberration is further reduced by enlarging the electrode gap spacing and central electrode bore. The design method for the accelerating mode lens to determine the lens dimensions which provide a low electrode voltage for the total aberration required is described.
Correction - "Sulfur Dioxide" (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection - "Sulfur Dioxide"H. JohnstoneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1942, 34, 12, 1444Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1942Publication History Published online20 December 2004Published inissue 1 December 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50396a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50396a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Orientation dependence of blistering in H-implanted Si (2001)

The orientation effect on blistering phenomenon in H implanted Si was studied for (100), (111), and (110) Si wafers. It was found that substrate orientation has no observable effects on the underlying blistering mechanisms. Furthermore, the implantation damage, Si–H complex formation in as-implanted samples and surface roughness of the transferred layer appeared to be unaffected by the orientation. However, the blistering kinetics are orientation dependent, with (100) Si having the fastest blistering rate, and (110) Si the slowest. This dependence was attributed to the different density of ruptured Si–Si bonds of different orientations. The magnitude of the observed in-plane compressive stress in the H-implanted Si wafers is rationalized in terms of the formation of platelets in the samples.
Nachweis von Stapelfehlern in GaN‐Epitaxieschichten mittels Elektronenbeugung (1975)

Abstract Mit der RHEED‐Technik werden auf {100}‐orientiertem Spinell epitaktisch aufgewachsene GaN‐Epitaxieschichten untersucht. Die Wachstumstemperaturen der Schichten waren 540 und 1035°C. Als Verwachsungsgesetz der Epitaxieschicht mit der Unterlage ergab sich equation image Die Richtungsangaben mit vier Indizes bezeichnen stets die Richtung der Normalen auf der entsprechenden Fläche. Bei niedrigen Züchtungstemperaturen tritt Verzwillingung und eine hohe Stapelfehlerdichte auf. Bei hohen Temperaturen geht die Stapelfehlerdichte merklich zurück Zwillingsbildung ist nicht mehr nachweisbar.
A randomized trial of the effect of low molecular weight heparin vs. warfarin on mortality in the long-term treatment of proximal vein thrombosis (2000)

SummaryIt has been shown that several different low molecular weight (LMW) heparins, given by a once- or twice-daily subcutaneous injection without laboratory monitoring, are as effective or even more effective than continuous intravenous, unfractionated heparin monitored by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). One such study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in mortality over the 3 month follow-up study. This was particularly striking in patients with cancer. Based on these findings, a multicentre, randomized clinical trial has been designed to compare the effect of long-term, once-daily LMW heparin with standard treatment using heparin and warfarin to ensure that equal numbers of cancer patients are in both groups. This will demonstrate whether or not the long-term use of LMW heparin can have a significant impact on mortality in patients who have proximal venous thrombosis with or without cancer.
An efficient parallel garbage collection system and ITS correctness proof (1977)

Abstract : An efficient system to perform garbage collection in parallel with list operations is proposed and its correctness is proven. The system consists of two independent processes sharing a common memory. One process is performed by the list processor (LP) for list processing and the other by the garbage collector (GC) for marking active nodes and collecting garbage nodes. The system is derived by using both the correctness and efficiency arguments. Assuming that memory references are indivisible the system satisfies the following properties: No critical sections are needed in the entire system. The time to perform the marking phase by the GC is independent of the size of memory, but depends only on the number of active nodes. Nodes on the free list need not be marked during the marking phase by the GC. Minimum overheads are introduced to the LP. Only two extra bits for encoding four colors are needed for each node. Efficiency results show that the parallel system is usually significantly more efficient in terms of storage and time than the sequential stack algorithm. (Author)
Opinion Question Answering by Sentiment Clip Localization (2015)

This article considers multimedia question answering beyond factoid and how-to questions. We are interested in searching videos for answering opinion-oriented questions that are controversial and hotly debated. Examples of questions include “Should Edward Snowden be pardoned?” and “Obamacare—unconstitutional or not?”. These questions often invoke emotional response, either positively or negatively, hence are likely to be better answered by videos than texts, due to the vivid display of emotional signals visible through facial expression and speaking tone. Nevertheless, a potential answer of duration 60s may be embedded in a video of 10min, resulting in degraded user experience compared to reading the answer in text only. Furthermore, a text-based opinion question may be short and vague, while the video answers could be verbal, less structured grammatically, and noisy because of errors in speech transcription. Direct matching of words or syntactic analysis of sentence structure, such as adopted by factoid and how-to question-answering, is unlikely to find video answers. The first problem, the answer localization, is addressed by audiovisual analysis of the emotional signals in videos for locating video segments likely expressing opinions. The second problem, questions and answers matching, is tackled by a deep architecture that nonlinearly matches text words in questions and speeches in videos. Experiments are conducted on eight controversial topics based on questions crawled from Yahoo! Answers and Internet videos from YouTube.
The New Generation of Engine Mounts (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the oil crises of the mid seventies, designers have developed an awareness as well as a demand for lighter, more fuel efficient power plants. The result has been fewer number of cylinders and lighter frames and chassis requiring a different approach to traditional engine mounts. This paper describes a new generation of fluid-filled or hydraulic engine mounts, it is intended as a general overview of the technology and a description of product applications. Technical papers providing a more detailed discussion of fluid mount performance are referenced.</div>
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Anti-Citrulline Antibody Assay for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2001)

Anti-CCP antibody testing may be useful if performed concomitantly with RF assay to diagnose patients with suspected early RA.
Muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: current scenario in Alzheimer's disease therapy (2018)

The last cholinergic receptor agonist to enter phase 3 trial was EVP-6124 (Enceniclin) but was withdrawn due to severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. We aim to present an overview of the efforts and achievements in targeting Muscarinic and Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the current review for development of better AD therapeutics.
Molecular signatures order the potency of topically applied anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with atopic dermatitis (2017)

We detected significant clinical and tissue differences between agents, providing a novel approach to study the differential effects of topical formulations using a limited sample size.
Mural Cell Associated VEGF Is Required for Organotypic Vessel Formation (2009)

These results suggest a unique role for mural cell-associated VEGF in driving vessel formation and maturation.
Symmetric Cryptography in Javascript (2009)

We take a systematic approach to developing a symmetric cryptography library in Javascript. We study various strategies for optimizing the code for the Javascript interpreter, and observe that traditional crypto optimization techniques do not apply when implemented in Javascript. We propose a number of optimizations that reduce both running time and code size. Our optimized library is about four times faster and 12% smaller than the fastest and smallest existing symmetric Javascript encryption libraries. On Internet Explorer 8, our library is about 11 times faster than the fastest previously existing code. In addition, we show that certain symmetric systems that are faster than AES when implemented in native x86 code, are in fact much slower than AES when implemented in Javascript. As a result, the choice of ciphers for a Javascript crypto library may be substantially different from the choice of ciphers when implementing crypto natively. Finally, we study the problem of generating strong randomness in Javascript and give extensive measurements validating our techniques.