gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realistic smoke simulation using a frustum aligned grid (2010)

Realistic simulation of smoke is used in the special effects industry to produce smoke in both feature films and video games. Traditional simulations utilize uniformly spaced rectangular computational grids to perform the smoke simulation. Various changes had been proposed to improve different aspects of the simulation, including level of details, memory usage and simulation speed. In this thesis, I propose a novel computational grid that improves upon the level of details as well as memory usage. I propose a frustum aligned grid that takes advantage of the viewing camera because details are most important in the area close to the camera. A frustum aligned grid reduces the amount of grid points necessary to cover the whole domain by placing a high concentration of grid points near the camera while having sparse grid points away from the camera. By using a larger number of grid lines in the direction parallel to the camera and fewer grid lines in the direction perpendicular to the camera, high level of details using a smaller amount of memory can be achieved. The grid is logically rectangular and a perspective transformation can map the grid into a spatially rectangular one. These properties enable the use of existing simulation tools with some modifications, thus maintaining the level of speed. Experimental results and comparison with a standard uniform grid demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evaluation of an Automotive Rear-End Collision Avoidance System (2006)

This report presents the results of an independent evaluation of the Automotive Collision Avoidance System (ACAS). The ACAS integrates forward collision warning (FCW) and adaptive cruise control (ACC) functions for light-vehicle applications. The FCW detects, assesses, and alerts the driver of a potential hazard in the forward region of the vehicle. The ACC provides automatic brake and throttle actuation in order to maintain speed and longitudinal headway control. Through the integration of these two functions, ACAS is intended to improve automotive safety by assisting drivers to avoid rear-end crashes. To accomplish this goal, the ACAS must also prove useful and acceptable to drivers. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center conducted the independent evaluation of the ACAS based on data collected from a field operational test (FOT) and from an independent system characterization test. The goals of the independent evaluation were to: characterize ACAS performance and capability; achieve a detailed understanding of ACAS safety benefits; and determine driver acceptance of ACAS. Data were collected from the ACAS FOT that employed 10 vehicles using a total of 66 drivers that included three age groups (younger, middle-age, and older) with equal numbers of male and female drivers.
Superoxide generation by the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte in response to latex beads (1992)

In this study, superoxide formation was not immediately detected when polymorphonuclear leukocytes were treated with linoleyl alcohol-coated, carboxy-modified latex beads. However, all other measures of neutrophil activation were present. Superoxide was not detected until 30 min after the initial exposure to beads. However, an O2(-)-producing, NADPH-dependent oxidase is active 15 min after exposure. When polymorphonuclear leukocytes are pretreated with cytochalasin B, superoxide production is detected immediately after exposure to the beads. Superoxide secretion after treatment with linoleyl alcohol-coated latex beads is compared with the response to other latex beads. The results imply that neutrophils form a phagolysosome around linoleyl alcohol-coated latex beads that is tightly sealed and does not allow superoxide to escape into the medium where it could be detected by the reduction of ferricytochrome c.
Educación y Personas Mayores: de los antecedentes a los retos de la intervención (2008)

En este articulo intentaremos dar una vision retrospectiva de cual ha sido el papel del educador social en el ambito de la tercera edad y, al mismo tiempo, definir sus rasgos evolutivos en los ultimos diez anos y ver las politicas sociales actuales para visibilizar que retos nos trae el futuro en los proximos anos.
Resettlement action plan for construction of Damand irrigation infrastructures at Kayonza 4 (2014)

The objective of the Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting, and Hillside Irrigation Project for Rwanda is to increase the productivity and commercialization of hillside agriculture in target areas. Negative impacts include: relocation or loss ofshelter; loss ofassets or access to assets; and loss of direct income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location. Mitigation measures include: 1) involuntary resettlement and land acquisition will be avoided where feasible, or minimized, where it cannot be eliminated; 2) where involuntary resettlement and land acquisition are unavoidable, resettlement and compensation activities will be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing resources to give project affected people's (PAPs) the opportunity to share project benefits; 3) PAPs will be meaningfully consulted and will participate in planning and implementing both the resettlement and the agricultural development programs funded under LWH; and 4) PAPs will be assisted in their efforts to ideally improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or levels prevailing prior to the beginning of the project implementation, whichever is higher. Impacts on the PAPs are measured by the quantity of land to be acquired / lost and residual land and its economic viability. Once the severity of impact has been considered an entitlement option is selected.
Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A reductase from an endophytic taxol-producing fungus BT2 (2011)

A full-length cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (designated as Bt2HMGR) and its genomic sequence were cloned and characterized from an endophytic taxol-producing fungus BT2 for the first time. The full-length cDNA of Bt2HMGR was 4,078 bp with an open reading frame of 3,522 bp encoding an 1,173-amino-acid polypeptide. The comparison analysis between cDNA and genomic DNA sequence revealed that Bt2HMGR gene had four exons and three introns. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the deduced Bt2HMGR contained six transmembrane domains and a catalytic domain, and showed high similarity to other fungal HMGRs. Southern blot analysis indicated that Bt2HMGR was a single copy gene. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of Bt2HMGR could be induced by methyl jasmonate acid. The cloning and characterization of Bt2HMGR will enable us to further understand the role of Bt2HMGR in the taxol biosynthetic pathway in an endophytic taxol-producing fungus.
A case series on lung deposition analysis of inhaled medication using functional imaging based computational fluid dynamics in asthmatic patients: effect of upper airway morphology and comparison with <i>in vivo</i> data (2012)

It was concluded that a combination of patient-specific airway models and lobar boundary conditions can be used to obtain accurate lung deposition estimates. Lower lung deposition can be expected for patients with higher extrathoracic resistance. Novel respiratory drug delivery devices need to accommodate population sub-groups based on these morphological and anatomical differences in addition to subject age.
Evidence for covalent attachment of phospholipid to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1985)

Cells of Haemophilus influenzae type b were grown in a liquid medium containing [3H]palmitate or [14C]ribose or both for two generations of exponential growth. Radiolabeled type-specific capsular polysaccharide, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP), was purified from the culture supernatant by Cetavlon precipitation, ethanol fractionation, and hydroxylapatite and Sepharose 4B chromatography. The doubly labeled ( [3H]palmitate and [14C]ribose) PRP preparation was found to coelute in a single peak from a Sepharose 4B column, suggesting that both precursors were incorporated into the purified PRP. A singly labeled ( [3H]palmitate) purified PRP preparation was found to be quantitatively immune precipitated by human serum containing antibody against PRP. The radioactivity of this preparation could not be dissociated from PRP by treatment with chloroform-methanol, 6 M urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate, or Zwittergent. Only after acid, alkaline, or phospholipase A2 treatment of PRP labeled with [3H]palmitate or [3H]palmitate and [14C]ribose followed by chloroform-methanol extraction could most of the 3H-radioactivity be recovered in the organic phase. The chloroform-soluble acid-hydrolyzed or phospholipase A2-treated product was identified as palmitic acid after thin-layer chromatography. These results strongly suggest that a phospholipid moiety is covalently associated with the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide PRP.
Preeclampsia Is Associated With Persistent Postpartum Cardiovascular Impairment (2011)

Preeclampsia is associated with asymptomatic global left ventricular abnormal function and geometry during the acute phase of the disorder. These subclinical abnormalities in cardiac findings are known to be important in cardiovascular risk stratification for nonpregnant patients. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have also demonstrated a relationship between preeclampsia and cardiac morbidity and mortality later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postpartum natural history and clinical significance of asymptomatic left ventricular impairment known to occur with acute preeclampsia. This was a prospective longitudinal case-control study of 64 subjects with preeclampsia and 78 matched controls. There were 3 time point assessments, pregnancy and 1 and 2 years postpartum. The assessments included a medical and family history, blood pressure profile, echocardiography, and 12-lead ECG. At 1 year postpartum, asymptomatic left ventricular moderate-severe dysfunction/hypertrophy was significantly higher in preterm preeclampsia (56%) compared with term preeclampsia (14%) or matched controls (8%; P values <0.001). The risk of developing essential hypertension within 2 years was significantly higher in both preterm preeclamptic women and those with persistent left ventricular moderate-severe abnormal function/geometry. The cardiovascular implications of preeclampsia do not end with the birth of the infant and placenta. The majority of preterm preeclamptic women have stage B asymptomatic heart failure postpartum, and 40% develop essential hypertension within 1 to 2 years after pregnancy. Women with a history of preterm preeclampsia may benefit from formal cardiovascular risk assessment in the 1 to 2 years after delivery to identify those who would benefit from targeted therapeutic intervention.
Long-wave type-II superlattice detectors with unipolar electron and hole barriers (2012)

The performance of a long-wave infrared type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetector with a 50% cut-off wavelength of approximately 8.7 μm is presented. The ability to lower dark current densities over traditional P-type-Intrinsic-N-type diodes is offered by way of hetero-structure engineering of a pBiBn structure utilizing superlattice p-type (p) and n-type (n) contacts, an intrinsic (i) superlattice active (absorber) region, and unipolar superlattice electron and hole blocking (B) layers. The spectral response of this pBiBn detector structure was determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and the quantum efficiency was determined using a 6250 nm narrow band filter and a 500 K blackbody source. A diode structure designed, grown, and fabricated in this study yielded a dark current density of 1.05×10−5 A/cm2 at a reverse bias of −50 mV and a specific detectivity value of greater than 1011 Jones at 77 K. Theoretical fittings of the diode dark currents at 77 K were used in this study to help isolate the contributing current components observed in the empirical dark current data. A variable temperature study (80 to 300 K) of the dark current is presented for a diode demonstrating diffusion-limited dark current down to 77 K.
Alarm reduction in industrial process control (2004)

The proper handling of alarms is crucial to automated process control. In practice, many alarms are only distractive and do not represent a fault situation. Here, a toolbox is proposed that aims to reduce the occurrence of the so called nuisance alarms. It is a general computerized tool that takes advantage of the control system's built-in functions, and is a first step to an enhanced overall alarm situation. In the first prototype, a significant reduction of the alarms in a biofueled district heating plant has been achieved.
Manifestation of chiral asymmetry of ferroelectric liquid crystals induced by optically active dipole dopants in a linear electrooptic effect (1989)

Abstract The existence of eight combinations of absolute spatial configuration, helix handedness and handedness of director tilt has been shown for ferroelectric liquid crystals induced by optically active dipole dopants (optically active diesters of 4,4″-terphenyl dicarboxylic acid). As in the case of individual ferroelectrics alternation of the helix handedness is observed depending on absolute configuration of the C*-atom and its position relative to the rigid core of the molecule. However for these induced ferroelectric liquid crystals the helix handedness does not depend on the inductive effect of the substituent adjacent to the C* atom, e.g. the helix handedness of all the (S)-2-chlorine substituted materials coincides with that of the (S)-2-methyl-butyl derivative. Substitution of a chlorine atom by a cyano group followed by conversion of absolute spatial configuration of the C* atom results in the opposite helical sense. Thus asymmetric parameters of the induced ferroelectric liquid crystals helix handedness and the handedness of director tilt (or the sign of P s) do not depend directly on the absolute configuration of C* atom and its position in a molecule. For the substances investigated within all of the temperature range of the induced smetic C* phase no reversal of the tilt direction handedness was observed.
3,6-Dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]pyrrole (isoDPPT) as an Acceptor Building Block for Organic Opto-Electronics (2013)

The electron acceptor building block for π-conjugated copolymers, 3,6-dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (isoDPPT), was synthesized following two routes. The comparison between isoDPPT and widely investigated 3,6-dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPPT) in terms of molecular orbital computations, single crystal X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and cyclic voltammogram was utilized to elucidate structural and electronic structure differences between the two cores. Both units are found to be planar in the solid state, exhibit similar LUMO energy, however, isoDPPT exhibits a much deeper HOMO energy. Six isoDPPT-based polymers with optical bandgaps spanning from 1.44 to 1.76 eV were synthesized by copolymerizing isoDPPT with the following building blocks: 2,2′-bithiophene (for P1), 4,4′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole (for P2), 3,3‴-didodecylquaterthiophene (for P3), 4,8-didodecylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (for P4), 4,8-didodecyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (for P5) and 3,3′-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,2′-bithiophene (for P6). Field-effect transistors and bulk heterojunction solar cells based on isoDPPT copolymers were fabricated and the response compared vis-a-vis to those of some DPPT-based polymers. Hole mobility (μh) of 0.03 cm2/(V·s) and solar cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.1% were achieved for polymer P2.
Evaluation of eye gaze interaction (2000)

Eye gaze interaction can provide a convenient and natural addition to user-computer dialogues. We have previously reported on our interaction techniques using eye gaze [10]. While our techniques seemed useful in demonstration, we now investigate their strengths and weaknesses in a controlled setting. In this paper, we present two experiments that compare an interaction technique we developed for object selection based on a where a person is looking with the most commonly used selection method using a mouse. We find that our eye gaze interaction technique is faster than selection with a mouse. The results show that our algorithm, which makes use of knowledge about how the eyes behave, preserves the natural quickness of the eye. Eye gaze interaction is a reasonable addition to computer interaction and is convenient in situations where it is important to use the hands for other tasks. It is particularly beneficial for the larger screen workspaces and virtual environments of the future, and it will become increasingly practical as eye tracker technology matures.
Photoemission in the Photovoltaic Effect in Cadmium Sulfide Crystals (1960)

A study has been made of the photovoltaic effect in Cu–CdS cells and related systems, associated with undiffused metal-semiconductor junctions. The photovoltaic current has been shown to result from the photoemission of electrons from the copper metal into the CdS crystal. Direct evidence is presented for this conclusion, and the conditions required for the photoemission process to occur are demonstrated by several experiments. Important factors contributing to the efficiency of Cu–CdS photovoltaic cells of this type are: (a) the optical properties of copper, (b) the rectifying contact between the metal and CdS, (c) the good conductivity and high optical transparency which can be achieved in CdS crystals, and (d) the favorable relation between the work function of copper and the electron affinity of CdS.
Sequential Inactivation of <i>rdxA</i> (HP0954) and <i>frxA</i> (HP0642) Nitroreductase Genes Causes Moderate and High-Level Metronidazole Resistance in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2000)

Helicobacter pylori is a human-pathogenic bacterial species that is subdivided geographically, with different genotypes predominating in different parts of the world. Here we test and extend an earlier conclusion that metronidazole (Mtz) resistance is due to mutation in rdxA (HP0954), which encodes a nitroreductase that converts Mtz from prodrug to bactericidal agent. We found that (i) rdxA genes PCR amplified from 50 representative Mtz(r) strains from previously unstudied populations in Asia, South Africa, Europe, and the Americas could, in each case, transform Mtz(s) H. pylori to Mtz(r); (ii) Mtz(r) mutant derivatives of a cultured Mtz(s) strain resulted from mutation in rdxA; and (iii) transformation of Mtz(s) strains with rdxA-null alleles usually resulted in moderate level Mtz resistance (16 microg/ml). However, resistance to higher Mtz levels was common among clinical isolates, a result that implicates at least one additional gene. Expression in Escherichia coli of frxA (HP0642; flavin oxidoreductase), an rdxA paralog, made this normally resistant species Mtz(s), and frxA inactivation enhanced Mtz resistance in rdxA-deficient cells but had little effect on the Mtz susceptibility of rdxA(+) cells. Strains carrying frxA-null and rdxA-null alleles could mutate to even higher resistance, a result implicating one or more additional genes in residual Mtz susceptibility and hyperresistance. We conclude that most Mtz resistance in H. pylori depends on rdxA inactivation, that mutations in frxA can enhance resistance, and that genes that confer Mtz resistance without rdxA inactivation are rare or nonexistent in H. pylori populations.
Gene Expression Profiles of Cumulus Cell Oocyte Complexes during Ovulation Reveal Cumulus Cells Express Neuronal and Immune-Related Genes: Does this Expand Their Role in the Ovulation Process? (2006)

Ovulation is a complex process initiated by the preovulatory LH surge, characterized by cumulus oocyte complex (COC) expansion and completed by the release of a mature oocyte. Although many ovarian genes that impact ovulation have been identified, we hypothesized that genes selectively expressed in COCs would be overlooked by approaches using whole ovary or granulosa cell samples. RNA isolated from COCs collected from preovulatory follicles of equine chorionic gonadotropin (CG) primed mice and at selected times after human CG treatment was subjected to microarray analyses and results confirmed by RT-PCR analyses, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent studies. A remarkable number of genes were up-regulated in COCs including Areg, Ereg, and Btc. Several genes selectively expressed in cumulus cells compared with granulosa cells were related to neuronal (Mbp, Tnc, Nts) or immune (Alcam, Pdcd1, Cd34, Cd52, and Cxcr4) cell function. In addition to Sfrp2, other members of the Wnt/Fzd family (Sfrp4, Fdz1 and Fdz2) were expressed in COCs. Thus, there is a cumulus cell-specific, terminal differentiation process. Furthermore, immunofluorescent analyses documented that cumulus cells are highly mitotic for 4-8 h after human CG and then cease dividing in association with reduced levels of Ccnd2 mRNA. Other down-regulated genes included: Cyp19a1, Fshr, Inhb, and the oocyte factors Zp1-3 and Gja4. In summary, the vast number of matrix, neuronal, and especially immune cell-related genes identified by the gene- profiling data of COCs constitutes strong and novel evidence that cumulus cells possess a repertoire of immune functions that could be far greater than simply mediating an inflammatory-like response.
Efficient estimation of closely spaced sinusoidal frequencies using subspace-based methods (1997)

Both experience and analysis show that the widely used subspace methods, such as MUSIC and ESPRIT, perform poorly when applied to estimate closely spaced sinusoidal frequencies. This severely limits the resolution of subspace methods for frequency estimation. In this letter, we present a simple interleaving technique that significantly improves the performance of subspace based methods in the case of closely spaced frequencies. Simulation results show that the improved performance is comparable to the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound (CRB).
Using Artificial Neural Networks to Prove Hypothetic Cause-And-Effect Relations: A Metamodel-Based Approach to Support Strategic Decisions. (2002)

Decision models which are based on recent management approaches often integrate cause-and-effect relations in order to identify critical operational measures for a strategic goal. Designers of Decision or Executive Support Systems implementing such a model face the problem that many of the supporting indicators are of non-financial nature (e.g.: customer satisfaction, efficiency of certain business processes, etc.) and cannot be easily quantified as a consequence. Since fuzzy-logic-applications provide numerous specific approaches in this area, our interest focuses on another issue which arises in this context: Due to this lack of numeric assessability of many lag indicators, the interdependencies between those figures cannot be formally described like between financial ratios. In this work, we propose an approach to overcome some shortcomings of many DSS/ESS which force their users to make unproven assumptions about existing interrelations: Because the accuracy of these hypotheses is one of the key quality issues of a decision model we provide a framework to evaluate and prove hypothetic cause-and-effect relations by the use of Artificial Neural Networks.