gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural evolution of cylindrical‐phase diblock copolymer thin films (2004)

Abstract We have measured the time evolution of the self‐assembly process in perpendicular‐oriented cylindrical‐phase diblock copolymer thin films using statistical analysis of high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Within minutes of annealing above the polymer glass‐transition temperature, microphase separation between polymer blocks results in formation of uniform nanometer‐scale domains whose relative position is initially largely uncorrelated. On further annealing, the cylindrical polymer domains organize into a two‐dimensional hexagonal lattice whose characteristic grain size increases slowly with time (∼ t 1/4 ). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1970–1975, 2004
Controllable Two-Stage Droplet Evaporation Method and Its Nanoparticle Self-Assembly Mechanism (2013)

Bottom-up self-assembly is able to constitute a variety of structures and has been thought to be a promising way for advanced nanofabrication. Droplet evaporation, as the simplest method, has been used in various self-assemblies. However, the assembled area is not large enough and the order is still not well controlled. Here we show a facile and controllable two-stage droplet evaporation method by adjusting the humidity and temperature of the evaporating droplet. Taking the highly monodispersed gold nanorods (GNRs) as an example, large-area, self-assembly monolayer arrays are reproducibly achieved. To understand the self-assembly mechanism, we adopted simplified models to analyze the interactions between the nanorods. The results show that a metastable state of secondary-energy-minimum exists, especially in the latter stage of the assembly process, leading to the ordered arrays. A large electrostatic barrier between the assembled arrays prevents the formation of the multilayer structures and thereby leads to the preferential monolayers. Moreover, we predict possibilities of different types of assemblies of the nanorods, and a schematic phase diagram is finally given. The results here may offer a way toward high-quality self-assembled nanoparticles superlattices for use in enhanced spectroscopy, sensors, or nanodevices.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Aralkyl Substitution of 2‐Aminoindans. Synthesis and Their Inotropic and Chronotropic Activity in Isolated Guinea Pig Atria. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Catholic Health Care and Its Ethical Challenges (2007)

Catholic healthcare facilities fulfil their mission in the world of the sick and dying of all ages. Challenges occasionally arise to remain faithful to their identity and mission in a world whose ethical standards are changing. This article discusses the nature of the challenges ahead.
Area-Efficient and Low-Leakage Diode String for On-Chip ESD Protection (2015)

Diode string was used as the effective on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device. To reduce the leakage current and the layout area, an area-efficient and low-leakage diode string is proposed in this paper. The standard steps of P- implantation and silicide blocking in CMOS process are used in this design to realize the proposed diode string with stacked P-/N+ diodes. The test devices of the proposed design have successfully been verified in the silicon chip. With the high ESD robustness, low leakage current, and small layout area, the proposed diode string can be a better solution for on-chip ESD protection applications.
Polyomavirus growth and persistence in Friend erythroleukemic cells (1984)

Infection of Friend erythroleukemic (FL) cells by polyomavirus (Py) invariably results in the selection of persistently infected FL-Py cell lines and clones. Anti-Py serum treatment of FL-Py lines and clones leads to the loss of Py genome and consequent cell cure. Conversely, cure has not been obtained in FL-PytsA cell lines (isolated after infection by a Py thermosensitive early mutant) and their derivative clones cultivated for a long time at nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C), where viral large-T protein is inactive. Rescue of viral particles has always been obtained after shifting cells to 32 degrees C. Integrated viral genomes were detected by blot hybridization in an FL-PytsA clone at 39 degrees C. Long-term observation of FL-Py cell lines and their derivative clones reveals a reciprocal selection mechanism (coevolution) between the viral and the cellular populations, resulting in either a completely virus-free Py-resistant FL cell line (cure) or in a continuously Py-shedding line bearing Py genome variants. Structural analysis of these viral populations has been carried out, and some viral variants have been isolated and characterized. On the basis of the results obtained, the possible mechanisms of Py persistence in FL cells will be discussed.
Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of Pentazocine Transdermal Delivery System (2008)

The aim of this study was to prepare a pentazocine (PTZ) matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) using acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. Among the five Duro-Tak adhesive polymers tested (87-9301, 87-2677, 87-201A, 87-2196, 87-2852), in vitro dissolution studies demonstrated the highest PTZ release flux from the Duro-Tak 87-9301 matrix. In addition, the effects of permeation enhancers, isopropyl myristate (IPM) and glyceryl monocaprylate (GEFA-C(8)), and drug content on PTZ skin permeation from prepared patches were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells fitted with hairless mouse skin. IPM and GEFA-C(8) were found to produce effective flux of PTZ at a patch concentration of 10% w/w and 5% w/w, respectively. The PTZ flux increased linearly as the loading dose increased up to 30%, whereas no further increase in flux was observed at loading doses of 40% and 50% due to drug crystallization in the matrix. Thus, the highest skin permeation rate (24.2 microg/cm(2)/h) was achieved when 30% of PTZ was loaded in Duro-Tak 87-9301 with 10% IPM and 5% GEFA-C(8). These results demonstrate the feasibility of a novel narcotic-antagonist analgesic matrix-type TDDS for PTZ.
Oracular Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes: A Very Special Case (2007)

We introduce the oracular partially observable Markov decision process (OPOMDP), a type of POMDP in which the world produces no observations; instead there is an "oracle," available in any state, that tells the agent its exact state for a fixed cost. The oracle may be a human or a highly accurate sensor. At each timestep the agent must choose whether to take a domain-level action or consult the oracle. This formulation comprises a factorization between information-gathering actions and domain-level actions, allowing us to characterize the value of information and to examine the problem of planning under uncertainty from a novel perspective. We propose an algorithm to capitalize on this factorization and the special structure of the OPOMDP, and we test the algorithm's performance on a new sample domain. On this new domain, we are able to solve a problem with hundreds of thousands of action-states and vastly outperform a previous state-of-the-art approximate technique
Development of a Fermentation Process for the Manufacture of Riboflavin (1996)

Scheme 2.
Superexchange and Sequential Mechanisms in Charge Transfer with a Mediating State between the Donor and Acceptor (2005)

The rate of intramolecular charge transfer from biphenyl to naphthalene was determined for the radical anions and radical cations of molecules with the general structure: (2-naphthyl)-(steroid spacer)-(4-biphenylyl). Varied degrees of unsaturation (one double bond, NSenB; two double bonds, NSen(2)B; and the b-ring completely aromatized, NSarB) were incorporated into the steroid spacer to examine the effect it would have on the charge transfer rate. The charge transfer rate, as inferred from the decay of the biphenyl radical ion absorption, increased in all cases relative to the completely saturated 3-(2-naphthyl)-16-(4-biphenylyl)-5alpha-androstane (NSB) reference molecule. For the anion charge transfer, the decay rates increased by factors of 1.4, 4.2, and 5.1, respectively, and for the cation, the decay rates increased by factors of 5, 276, and 470. To explain the results, the charge-transfer process was viewed as a combination of two independent mechanisms: a single-step, superexchange mechanism, and a two-step, sequential charge transfer. Using a low level of theory, simple models of the superexchange and two-step mechanisms were developed to elucidate the nature and differences between the two mechanisms. The critical variable for this analysis is the free energy of formation (DeltaG(I) degrees ) of the intermediate state: (2-naphthyl)-[spacer](1)+/--(4-biphenylyl). The conclusion from this treatment is that superexchange is the dominant mechanism when DeltaG(I) degrees is large, but at small DeltaG(I) degrees , the sequential mechanism will dominate. This is because the superexchange rate is shown to have a weak dependence on DeltaG(I) degrees , changing 10-fold for a change in DeltaG(I) degrees of 2 eV, compared to the sequential mechanism in which the rate can change over 10(3) for 0.5 V.
Surface characterization and sorption efficacy of tire‐obtained carbon: experimental and semiempirical study of rhodamine B adsorption (2015)

This work focuses on the surface characterization and sorption activity of carbon derived from waste tires. The carbon was prepared by thermal treatment of waste rubber tires, followed by exposure to nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The tired‐obtained activated carbon (AC) was evaluated using a variety of techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and Raman spectra reveal existence of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups on AC surface. Scanning electron microscope and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller revealed the porosity of AC is well developed with mesopore structure (mesopore volume of 0.96 cm 3 /g). AC was tested for Rhodamine B sorption, and the adsorption kinetics well fitted using a pseudo second‐order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir model. Semiempirical calculations using Austin Model 1 were performed to explain the adsorption at molecular level. Binding enthalpies in the range of 0.5–4 kcal/mol of four possible scenarios were computed. We believe the combination between experimental work and semiempirical calculations allows for a better understanding of Rhodamine B molecules adsorption on the AC surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraviolet-induced <i>in situ</i> gold nanoparticles for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2021)

The present study investigated ultraviolet-induced in situ gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coupled with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of two major infectious pathogens, namely, Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium spp.). In the process, gold ions in a gold chloride (HAuCl4) solution were reduced using trisodium citrate (Na3Ct), a reducing agent, and upon UV illumination, red-colored AuNPs were produced in the presence of LAMP amplicons. The nitrogenous bases of the target deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) acted as a physical support for capturing gold ions dissolved in the sample. The high affinity of gold with the nitrogenous bases enabled facile detection within 10 min, and the detection limit of COVID-19 plasmid DNA was as low as 42 fg μL-1. To ensure POCT, we designed a portable device that contained arrays of reagent chambers and detection chambers. In the portable device, colorimetric reagents such as HAuCl4 and Na3Ct were contained in the reagent chambers; these reagents were subsequently transferred to the detection chambers where LAMP amplicons were present and thus allowed convenient sample delivery and multiplex detection. Owing to the high sensitivity of the in situ AuNPs, simplicity of portable device fabrication, and rapid colorimetric detection, we strongly believe that the fabricated portable device could serve as a kit for rapid POCT for instantaneous detection of infectious diseases, and could be readily usable at the bedside.
Cinema and the Real: Renoir's <i>Rules</i> (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Suggested Further Reading
Brain-computer interface research at the Neil Squire Foundation (2000)

The ultimate goal of our research is to utilize voluntary motor-related potentials recorded from the scalp in a direct Brain Computer Interface for asynchronous control applications. This type of interface will allow an individual with a high-level impairment to have effective and sophisticated control of devices such as wheelchairs, robotic assistive appliances, computers, and neural prostheses.
NCIR: a database of non-canonical interactions in known RNA structures (2002)

The secondary and tertiary structure of an RNA molecule typically includes a number of non-canonical base-base interactions. The known occurrences of these interactions are tabulated in the NCIR database, which can be accessed from http://prion.bchs.uh.edu/bp_type/. The number of examples is now over 1400, which is an increase of >700% since the database was first published. This dramatic increase reflects the addition of data from the recently published crystal structures of the 50S (2.4 A) and 30S (3.0 A) ribosomal subunits. In addition, non-canonical interactions observed in published crystal and NMR structures of tRNAs, group I introns, ribozymes, RNA aptamers and synthetic oligonucleotides are included. Properties associated with these interactions, such as sequence context, sugar pucker conformation, glycosidic angle conformation, melting temperature, chemical shift and free energy, are also reported when available. Out of the 29 anticipated pairs with at least two hydrogen bonds, 28 have been observed to date. In addition, several novel examples, not generally predicted, have also been encountered, bringing the total of such pairs to 36. Added to this list are a variety of single, bifurcated, triple and quadruple interactions. The most common non-canonical pairs are the sheared GA, GA imino, AU reverse Hoogsteen, and the GU and AC wobble pairs. The most frequent triple interaction connects N3 of an A with the amino of a G that is also involved in a standard Watson-Crick pair.
Acidometric Agar Plate Method for Ampicillin Susceptibility Testing of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (1978)

The need for an accurate and rapid method of testing ampicillin susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae, especially strains isolated from patients with meningitis and septicemia, is indisputable. Various methods have been employed for this purpose. Each has advantages and disadvantages. This report describes a modification of the capillary acidometric procedure in which an agar plate is substituted for a tube. All beta-lactamase results obtained by this modified technique correlated with minimal inhibitory concentrations determined in liquid media and the chromogenic cephalosporin substrate method. This modified acidometric agar procedure is a simple, inexpensive, accurate, and rapid way to determine H. influenzae susceptibility to ampicillin.
Fragmentation Considered Vulnerable (2013)

We show that fragmented IPv4 and IPv6 traffic is vulnerable to effective interception and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by an off-path attacker. Specifically, we demonstrate a weak attacker intercepting more than 80% of the data between peers and causing over 94% loss rate. We show that our attacks are practical through experimental validation on popular industrial and open-source products, with realistic network setups that involve NAT or tunneling and include concurrent legitimate traffic as well as packet losses. The interception attack requires a zombie agent behind the same NAT or tunnel-gateway as the victim destination; the DoS attack only requires a puppet agent, that is, a sandboxed applet or script running in web-browser context. The complexity of our attacks depends on the predictability of the IP Identification (ID) field which is typically implemented as one or multiple counters, as allowed and recommended by the IP specifications. The attacks are much simpler and more efficient for implementations, such as Windows, which use one ID counter for all destinations. Therefore, much of our focus is on presenting effective attacks for implementations, such as Linux, which use per-destination ID counters. We present practical defenses for the attacks presented in this article, the defenses can be deployed on network firewalls without changes to hosts or operating system kernel.
Megalomicins. I. d-Rhodosamine, a new dimethylamino sugar (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMegalomicins. I. d-Rhodosamine, a new dimethylamino sugarAlan K. MallamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 26, 7505–7506Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01054a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01054a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antigenicity and specificity of very low molecular weight <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i> polypeptides in the range 2.2–12.5 kD (1997)

Onchocerca volvulus polypeptides in the molecular mass range of 2.2 to 12.5 kD were separated by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and the serological recognition of these very low molecular weight antigens (VLMW-OvAg) was then investigated by immuno-blotting. Sera from 21 onchocerciasis patients as well as from 53 individuals with other filariases were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of detection of individual VLMW-OvAg. In onchocerciasis patients, up to 16 VLMW-OvAg were recognized predominantly by IgG1 and IgG4, while only few antigens were recognized by IgG2 and IgG3. The antigen recognition pattern varied individually, but 4 VLMW-OvAg of 8.6, 6.2, 5.4, and 5.1 kD, respectively, were bound by IgG4 from more than 90% of the onchocerciasis patients. Six VLMW-OvAg of 7.3, 5.8, 5.4, 4.0, 3.8, and 3.6 kD were recognized exclusively by IgG1 from onchocerciasis patients. In amicrofilaraemic filariasis patients with lymphatic pathology, a strong reactivity of IgG3 to an OvAg of 2.2 kD was observed, indicating a possible contribution of this antigen to the pathogenesis. In the molecular mass range below 13 kD, no specific carbohydrate residues or phosphorylcholine-containing (PC) determinants could be identified by lectin-blotting or PC-specific immunoblotting, respectively. Two-dimensional separation and immunoblotting distinctly resolved more than 40 antigenic polypeptides, the majority focusing at acidic isoelectric points. In O. volvulus-infected chimpanzees the IgG1- and IgG4-reactivity against OvAg below 13 kD appeared concurrently with onset of patent infection. These data suggest that some of these VLMW-OvAg might be associated with the production and release of microfilariae from gravid female worms as well as be involved in immune-mediated pathogenesis during filarial infections.
The Use of Flow Improved Diesel Fuel at Extremely Low Temperatures (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A joint program was undertaken to evaluate the use of Middle Distillate Flow Improvers (MDFIs) in diesel fuel to ambient temperatures as low as -40°C. The objectives of the program were to (i) study MDFI effectiveness at preventing fuel filter blockage due to excessive wax formation at temperatures below -30°C, and (ii) determine the effectiveness of Low Temperature Filterability Test (LTFT) laboratory procedure in protecting vehicles these extremely low temperatures. A total of seven fuels were blended (including 4 treated with MDFI additive) and subsequently tested in three heavy duty trucks in an all weather climate controlled chassis dynamometer facility. Overnight soak temperatures were as low as -40°C. Two of the trucks were equipped with an engine that was known to be critical for fuel filter plugging due to excessive wax formation. A total of 14 valid vehicle tests were run over a six-day period. The results obtained from this trial indicate that at these extremely low ambient temperatures (i) MDFIs can be used effectively and (ii) use of the LTFT will protect vehicle operability.</div>
Functional gap junctions in corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. (1998)

Cultured fibroblasts and myofibroblasts have functional gap junctions as has previously been demonstrated for keratocytes in vivo. Thus, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts have the ability to establish and maintain intercellular communication with themselves and with nonactivated keratocytes. This property may be critical in the wound-healing process, especially in the avascular corneal environment.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter and the Electrostatic Detection Apparatus<sup>2</sup> on the Development of Footwear Impressions on Paper<sup>*</sup> (2006)

The Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter (EDPL) and the Electrostatic Detection Apparatus(2) (ESDA(2)) were compared to determine if both processes could be used to develop footwear impressions of the same or similar quality and in what order they should be used to develop the highest quality footwear impression. The sensitivity of each technique was also evaluated. The quality of the footwear impressions developed was determined by comparing 25 individual characteristics present on the known shoe to the footwear impressions developed using each technique. The footwear impressions were made by stepping on paper placed over several different surfaces, which included: linoleum, industrial Berber carpet, nylon carpet placed over a (3/8)-in. pad, ceramic tile, cardboard, 1-in. foam, 4-in. foam, cement, asphalt, grass, and mulch. Each of the papers placed on these surfaces was developed using the EDPL before the ESDA(2) and vice versa. The sensitivity test for the ESDA(2) was conducted by processing 10 sheets of stacked paper that were stepped on with the known shoe, beginning with the top sheet. The sensitivity test for the EDPL was conducted by processing 10 sheets of paper stepped on with the known shoe in succession. This study determined the footwear impressions developed using the EDPL were of better comparative value than impressions developed with the ESDA(2). On average, 72.4% of the individual characteristics from the known impression were identified on images developed when the EDPL was used first compared with an average of 38.9% when the ESDA(2) was used first. Therefore, if only one technique is used, the EDPL should be chosen. The sensitivity test determined the ESDA(2) develops high-quality footwear impressions on only the top sheet of paper. No footwear impressions were developed on any sheets under the top sheet of paper. The sensitivity test also determined the EDPL results increase in quality as the amount of dust residue decreases on the surface.