gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological measurements: Some basic yet vital considerations (1995)

Abstract This article addresses a seemingly trivial question—“Based on rheological measurements, when are two samples different beyond experimental error?”—and proceeds to give a nontrivial answer. The preferred answer requires the application of t statistics to multiple measurements on each sample. The larger the number of multiple measurements made, the lower is the uncertainty in conclusively discriminating between two samples. However, such multiple measurements on every sample are seldom feasible in real life and then it becomes necessary to resort to the use of Z statistics. A stepwise procedure for the application of both, t and Z statistics is given. Knowledge of the measurement precision is a prerequisite for scientifically answering this seemingly trivial question. Hence, the precision of capillary rheometry measurements (apparent viscosity, extrudate swell ratio, and entrance pressure loss) is discussed in detail. The precision of these capillary rheometry measurements improves as the magnitude of the variable measured (force/pressure or swell) increases. This implies that the precision of capillary rheometry measurements can be improved by lowering the experimental temperature. Extensive numerical data on various high‐density polyethylenes generated using two different capillary rehometers are given and are compared with the ASTM round‐robin data. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elucidation of Control Mechanisms Discovered during Adaptive Manipulation of [Ru(dpb)<sub>3</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Emission in the Solution Phase (2007)

To design methodologies that will allow researchers to directly correlate the results of adaptive control experiments with physiochemical control pathways in arbitrary complex molecular systems it is imperative that prototype systems are developed and that exigent control pathways are understood. We have been interested in the results of adaptive control experiments in our laboratory involving the maximization of a ratio of two experimental observables: (1) the thermalized emission from the solution-phase coordination complex [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 and (2) the second harmonic signal (a purely intensity-dependent phenomenon) of the shaped laser fields. Using a rational pulse shaping strategy, we have made a measurement of the ratio spectrum (in essence the two-photon absorption cross section) for the molecule [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 in a room temperature solution of acetonitrile. This spectrum is highly varied across the accessible two-photon power spectrum of our broad-band laser pulses and demonstrates the existence of a control pathway wherein a shaped laser field can manipulate excited-state population (with respect to SHG) by conforming to the second-order spectral response of the molecule in solution. We show that our adaptive control algorithm is capable of taking advantage of these control pathways using simulated adaptive control experiments. Finally, we measure second-harmonic spectra of shaped laser fields discovered during an adaptive control experiment and show that these agree with simulation. These results suggest that our adaptive control experiment can be understood in the context of the elucidated spectral control pathway.
Paraphrastic Sentence Compression with a Character-based Metric: Tightening without Deletion (2011)

We present a substitution-only approach to sentence compression which “tightens ” a sentence by reducing its character length. Replacing phrases with shorter paraphrases yields paraphrastic compressions as short as 60 % of the original length. In support of this task, we introduce a novel technique for re-ranking paraphrases extracted from bilingual corpora. At high compression rates1 paraphrastic compressions outperform a state-of-the-art deletion model in an oracle experiment. For further compression, deleting from oracle paraphrastic compressions preserves more meaning than deletion alone. In either setting, paraphrastic compression shows promise for surpassing deletion-only methods. 1
Genetic studies of autoimmunity and retrovirus expression in crosses of New Zealand black mice I. Xenotropic virus. (1978)

The relationship between expression of xenotropic virus and the development of autoimmunization was studied in the progeny of crosses between New Zealand Black (NZB) and SWR mice. The (F1 X SWR) and F2 progeny segregated into three phenotypes: high-virus, low-virus, and virus-negative; F1 and (F1 X NZB) progeny were always high-virus. Autoantibodies, immune deposit nephritis and lymphomas developed in the progeny of these crosses. The virological phenotype of the animal could be dissociated from the presence of either autoantibodies or nephritis. For example, mice that expressed titers of virus as high as the NZB parent failed to develop signs of autoimmunization, even up to 24 mo of age. By contrast, some (F1 X SWR) and F2 mice that expressed low titers of virus developed autoimmune disease. Furthermore, a proportion of virus-negative mice produced autoantibodies and were found to have typical immune deposit nephritis. No viral antigens could be detected in the renal lesions of such virus-negative animals. By contrast with the dissociation between expression of virus and occurrence of nephritis, the presence of antibodies to DNA correlated with the development of renal lesions. We conclude that the genes that determine the expression of infectious xenotropic virus in NZB mice segregate independently from those that are involved in the autoimmune disease of these animals.
Change in the Infra-Red Absorption Spectrum of Water with Temperature (1925)

By the use of two constant deviation spectrometers in series and a Coblentz linear thermopile, the absorption coefficient of water was measured for various temperatures from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 95\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The bands found showed maximum absorption at the following wave-lengths There is a shift toward shorter wave-lengths as the temperature increases and also a marked increase in magnitude of the maximum absorption for the bands at.77,.98 and $1.21\ensuremath{\mu}$. These changes are qualitatively explained by Roentgen's hypothesis that water is a mixture of at least two kinds of molecules, presumably ${({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{2}$ and ${({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{3}$, whose relative amounts change with a change of temperature.
Multi-point vibrometer based on high-speed digital in-line holography (2015)

This paper describes a digital holographic setup based on in-line holography and a high-speed recording to get a multipoint vibrometer. The use of a high-speed sensor leads to specificities that enable the in-line configuration to be used. The case of transient vibrations is investigated through a full simulation of the holographic process. The simulation shows that the first instants are critical since distortion may occur, resulting in errors in the phase measurement. Experimental results are provided by exciting an aluminum beam with a transient signal. A comparison with the velocity measured by a pointwise vibrometer is provided. Frequency response functions are extracted and the experimental results confirm the ability of the method to provide full-field contactless measurements at the high-speed time scale evolution of the vibration.
Differential inhibition of HIV-1 preintegration complexes and purified integrase protein by small molecules. (1996)

To replicate, HIV-1 must integrate a cDNA copy of the viral RNA genome into a chromosome of the host. The integration system is a promising target for antiretroviral agents, but to date no clinically useful integration inhibitors have been identified. Previous screens for integrase inhibitors have assayed inhibition of reactions containing HIV-1 integrase purified from an Escherichia coli expression system. Here we compare action of inhibitors in vitro on purified integrase and on subviral preintegration complexes (PICs) isolated from lymphoid cells infected with HIV-1. We find that many inhibitors active against purified integrase are inactive against PICs. Using PIC assays as a primary screen, we have identified three new anthraquinone inhibitors active against PICs and also against purified integrase. We propose that PIC assays are the closest in vitro match to integration in vivo and, as such, are particularly appropriate for identifying promising integration inhibitors.
The Runner's High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain (2008)

The runner's high describes a euphoric state resulting from long-distance running. The cerebral neurochemical correlates of exercise-induced mood changes have been barely investigated so far. We aimed to unravel the opioidergic mechanisms of the runner's high in the human brain and to identify the relationship to perceived euphoria. We performed a positron emission tomography "ligand activation" study with the nonselective opioidergic ligand 6-O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-6-O-desmethyldiprenorphine ([(18)F]FDPN). Ten athletes were scanned at 2 separate occasions in random order, at rest and after 2 h of endurance running (21.5 +/- 4.7 km). Binding kinetics of [(18)F]FDPN were quantified by basis pursuit denoising (DEPICT software). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) was used for voxelwise analyses to determine relative changes in ligand binding after running and correlations of opioid binding with euphoria ratings. Reductions in opioid receptor availability were identified preferentially in prefrontal and limbic/paralimbic brain structures. The level of euphoria was significantly increased after running and was inversely correlated with opioid binding in prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortices, the anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, parainsular cortex, and temporoparietal regions. These findings support the "opioid theory" of the runner's high and suggest region-specific effects in frontolimbic brain areas that are involved in the processing of affective states and mood.
Microbial routes to lipids (1989)

Conference Article| December 01 1989 Microbial routes to lipids COLIN RATLEDGE COLIN RATLEDGE 1Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (6): 1139–1141. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0171139 Article history Received: June 05 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation COLIN RATLEDGE; Microbial routes to lipids. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1989; 17 (6): 1139–1141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0171139 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: GLA, γ-linolenic acid This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Experimental Results of High-Efficiency Resonant Coupling Wireless Power Transfer Using a Variable Coupling Method (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate that the efficiency of wireless power transfer utilizing resonant coupling is improved by applying the “matching condition.” The `matching condition' is extracted from an equivalent circuit model of a magnetically coupled wireless power transfer system. This condition is achieved by varying the coupling factor between the source (load) and the internal resonator. Applying this technique results in efficiency improvements of 46.2% and 29.3% at distances of 60 cm and 1 m, respectively. The maximum efficiency is 92.5% at 15 cm. A circuit model based on the extracted parameters of the resonators produces results similar to the experimental data.
Tags and type checking in LISP: hardware and software approaches (1987)

One of the major factors that distinguishes LISP from many other languages (Pascal, C, Fortran, etc.) is the need for run-time type checking. Run-time type checking is implemented by adding to each data object a tag that encodes type information. Tags must be compared for type compatibility, removed when using the data, and inserted when new data items are created. This tag manipulation, together with other work related to dynamic type checking and generic operations, constitutes a significant component of the execution time of LISP programs. This has led both to the development of LISP machines that support tag checking in hardware and to the avoidance of type checking by users running on stock hardware. To understand the role and necessity of special-purpose hardware for tag handling, we first measure the cost of type checking operations for a group of LISP programs. We then examine hardware and software implementations of tag operations and estimate the cost of tag handling with the different tag implementation schemes. The data shows that minimal levels of support provide most of the benefits, and that tag operations can be relatively inexpensive, even when no special hardware support is present.
Fractals for secondary key retrieval (1989)

In this paper we propose the use of fractals and especially the Hilbert curve, in order to design good distance-preserving mappings. Such mappings improve the performance of secondary-key- and spatial- access methods, where multi-dimensional points have to be stored on an 1-dimensional medium (e.g., disk). Good clustering reduces the number of disk accesses on retrieval, improving the response time. Our experiments on range queries and nearest neighbor queries showed that the proposed Hilbert curve achieves better clustering than older methods (“bit-shuffling”, or Peano curve), for every situation we tried.
Determination of her-2/neu by chromogenic in situ hybridization on borderline (2+) immunohistochemistry cases in carcinoma breast. (2011)

Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a practical, cost-effective and reliable method for analysis of HER-2/neu borderline (2+) cases which may be candidates for Herceptin therapy.
A Low-Complexity ICI Cancellation Scheme in Frequency Domain for OFDM in Time-varying Multipath Channels (2006)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, time variation of multipath channels over an OFDM block period leads to a loss of orthogonality among subcarriers, resulting in intercarrier interference (ICI). In this paper, based on the analysis of the symbol energy distribution and the ICI generation mechanism, we propose a low-complexity partial minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) with successive detection (PMMSESD) scheme in frequency domain to mitigate ICI caused by time-varying channels. Each time, the proposed method detects the symbol with the largest received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) among all the undetected symbols, using an MMSE detector only considering the interference of several neighborhood subcarriers. Analysis and simulation results show that our PMMSESD method can effectively reduce the ICI with low computational complexity, it outperforms the MMSE method at relatively high E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0 </sub> , and its performance is close to the MMSE with successive detection (MMSESD) method in the relatively low Doppler frequency region
Quantitative Affinity Chromatography. Determination of Binding Constants by Elution with Competitive Inhibitors (1974)

The affinity chromatographic separation procedure was tested for its utility in quantitating the affinity of proteins to both insolubilized ligand and corresponding competing soluble ligand. An expression has been derived that (1) allows the determination of binding constants for the interaction of a soluble protein species with an affinity chromatography matrix involving active site binding, (2) yields binding constants for the interaction of the protein with soluble ligands that can compete with the insoluble matrix for binding to the active site of the protein, and (3) utilizes readily obtainable parameters from conventional chromatography. This expression has been applied to the quantitation of the binding of staphylococcal nuclease to thymidine-5'-phosphate-3'-amino-phenylphosphate-Sepharose in competition with thymidine-3',5'-bisphosphate.
Assessing the Public Health Threat Associated with Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis: Report of a Workshop (1995)

In September 1994, CDC convened a meeting to address the public health threat associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Representatives from 40 states and from regulatory and public health agencies, water utility companies, and advocacy groups discussed approaches to avoiding unnecessary boil-water advisories (i.e., statements to the public advising persons to boil water before drinking it) and preventing and controlling waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Work groups at the meeting addressed four issues: 1) surveillance systems and epidemiologic study designs; 2) public health responses when oocysts are detected in drinking water; 3) cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised persons; and 4) water sampling methods and interpretation of results. The work groups defined the problems associated with these issues and developed strategies that could be used initially to manage these problems. The work group discussions were summarized, and the conclusions were provided as either a) summaries of current knowledge concerning that issue or b) suggested ways to obtain the information needed to develop useful recommendations. The work group conclusions are for consideration by persons and organizations who must assist with these issues and by those who seek to advance understanding of waterborne cryptosporidiosis.
Acoustically trapped colloidal crystals that are reconfigurable in real time (2014)

Photonic and phononic crystals are metamaterials with repeating unit cells that result in internal resonances leading to a range of wave guiding and filtering properties and are opening up new applications such as hyperlenses and superabsorbers. Here we show the first, to our knowledge, 3D colloidal phononic crystal that is reconfigurable in real time and demonstrate its ability to rapidly alter its frequency filtering characteristics. Our reconfigurable material is assembled from microspheres in aqueous solution, trapped with acoustic radiation forces. The acoustic radiation force is governed by an energy landscape, determined by an applied high-amplitude acoustic standing wave field, in which particles move swiftly to energy minima. This creates a colloidal crystal of several milliliters in volume with spheres arranged in an orthorhombic lattice in which the acoustic wavelength is used to control the lattice spacing. Transmission acoustic spectroscopy shows that the new colloidal crystal behaves as a phononic metamaterial and exhibits clear band-pass and band-stop frequencies which are adjusted in real time.
Isolation of a mucoid alginate-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from the equine guttural pouch (1992)

The isolation and characterization of a mucoid, alginate-producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a nonhuman host, namely, in chondroids from an equine guttural pouch, is reported for the first time. Pure cultures of P. aeruginosa 12534 were isolated from a 17-month-old pony mare with a history of chronic bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge from the right guttural pouch. Transmission electron microscopy of chondroids showed mucoid P. aeruginosa growing as microcolonies within a matrix of extracellular material. On the basis of expression of the mucoid phenotype under different growth conditions, P. aeruginosa 12534 belongs to group 1 and resembles other isolates carrying the muc-23 mutation. The bulk of the extracellular material was characterized as being alginate by chemical and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, which showed that it had a composition similar to that produced by isolates of P. aeruginosa from human patients with cystic fibrosis.
Results of Scattering in Radioisotope Imaging (1973)

It has long been recognized that in-patient scattering can lead to significant ima, ge degradation in nearly all radioisotope imaging. Using biased Monte Carlo codes and experimental determinations, we have undertaken a study of three aspects of this problem: 1. Scattering and attenuation within the patient, 2. Selective rejection of scattered radiation by angular selection of the collimation system, 3. Selective rejection of scattered radiation by energy selection. The model we have assumed consists of point gamma ray sources of energy between 140 and 511 keV, located at depths between zero and 10 cm below the surface of a semi-infinite water medium. Ellett has shown that at the energies of interest here, water is a good representation of a tissue medium. A wide variety of general data on the energy and spatial distributions of the escaping scattered radiation have been catalogued.
Monitoring Wind Turbine Vibration Based on SCADA Data (2012)

Three models for detecting abnormalities of wind turbine vibrations reflected in time domain are discussed. The models were derived from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data collected at various wind turbines. The vibration of a wind turbine is characterized by two parameters, i.e., drivetrain and tower acceleration. An unsupervised data-mining algorithm, the k-means clustering algorithm, was applied to develop the first monitoring model. The other two monitoring models for detecting abnormal values of drivetrain and tower acceleration were developed by using the concept of a control chart. SCADA vibration data sampled at 10 s intervals reflects normal and faulty status of wind turbines. The performance of the three monitoring models for detecting abnormalities of wind turbines reflected in vibration data of time domain was validated with the SCADA industrial data.
Synthesis and Reactivity of <i>N</i>-Trifluoromethyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosotrifluoromethanesulfonamide as a New Type of Trifluoromethylating Agent (1986)

Abstract N-Trifluoromethyl-N-nitrosotrifluoromethanesulfonamide (TNS-Tf) was synthesized in a 58% yield by the reaction of trifluoronitrosomethane with hydroxylamine followed by the treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride in the presence of a base. TNS-Tf was demonstrated to be an effective trifluoromethylating agent photochemically or thermally for aromatics, thiols, disulfides, and uridine derivatives. The insertion reaction by two trifluoromethyl groups of TNS-Tf to the sulfur-sulfur bonds was observed in the reaction with disulfides having electron-withdrawing groups, giving 2 mols of trifluoromethylthio compounds. Furthermore, TNS-Tf served as a good reagent for mild and convenient in situ generation of trifluoromethylcopper complex which converted iodoaromatics to trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatics in good yields. Similarly, N-trifluoromethyl-N-nitrosononafluoro-1-butanesulfonamide (TNS-Nf) was synthesized in a 36% yield. The examination of the reactivity indicated that this type of N-nitroso sulfonamides became to be sources of both perfluoroalkyl radicals contained.