gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2D channel transport of metal-insulator semiconductor field effect transistors on narrow-gap Hg<sub>1-x</sub>Cd<sub>x</sub>Te (0.2<x<or=0.3) (1994)

The inversion channel of metal-insulator (Al2O3) semiconductor (p-Hg1-xCdxTe) field effect transistors was investigated by the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect as well as by classical magnetoresistance measurements. Observation of the SdH effect enables us to determine the dielectric constant of the oxide ( epsilon r=10.9+or-1.0) and provides evidence of two occupied subbands (i=0, 1) with an effective electron mass ratio m0/m1 approximately=2. From tilted magnetic field experiments an enhanced effective g-factor g*(x=0.3)=-65 in the lowest Landau level of the lowest subband was estimated. The maximum channel mobility mu max(4.2K)=3000 cm2 V-1 s-1 is limited by alloy inhomogeneities and interface roughness.
Striping in a RAID level 5 disk array (1995)

Redundant disk arrays are an increasingly popular way to improve I/O system performance. Past research has studied how to stripe data in non-redundant (RAID Level 0) disk arrays, but none has yet been done on how to stripe data in redundant disk arrays such as RAID Level 5, or on how the choice of striping unit varies with the number of disks. Using synthetic workloads, we derive simple design rules for striping data in RAID Level 5 disk arrays given varying amounts of workload information. We then validate the synthetically derived design rules using real workload traces to show that the design rules apply well to real systems.We find no difference in the optimal striping units for RAID Level 0 and 5 for read-intensive workloads. For write-intensive workloads, in contrast, the overhead of maintaining parity causes full-stripe writes (writes that span the entire error-correction group) to be more efficient than read-modify writes or reconstruct writes. This additional factor causes the optimal striping unit for RAID Level 5 to be four times smaller for write-intensive workloads than for read-intensive workloads.We next investigate how the optimal striping unit varies with the number of disks in an array. We find that the optimal striping unit for reads in a RAID Level 5 varies inversely to the number of disks, but that the optimal striping unit for writes varies with the number of disks. Overall, we find that the optimal striping unit for workloads with an unspecified mix of reads and writes is independent of the number of disks.Together, these trends lead us to recommend (in the absence of specific workload information) that the striping unit over a wide range of RAID Level 5 disk array sizes be equal to 1/2 * average positioning time * disk transfer rate.
Differential expression of the HLA class I multigene family by human embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma cell lines. (1990)

Abstract We have studied the expression of both HLA class and the recently described HLA class I-like genes (HLA-E and HLA-6.0) in two human developmental tumor cell lines, that serologically could not be typed for HLA-A, -B, and -C. Evidence is presented that the teratocarcinoma Tera-2 stem cells express trace amounts of non-beta 2 microglobulin-associated classical HLA-A, -B, and -C Ag on their cell surface. The Jeg-3 human choriocarcinoma cells derived from fetal trophoblast express normal levels of surface beta 2 microglobulin associated with 45-kDa and 41-kDa H chains that display unique isoelectric points in IEF gels. The HLA-6.0 or HLA-E genes may encode the lower molecular mass component on Jeg-3 cells, because these genes express molecules of about 38 kDa and 41 kDa, respectively, when transfected to appropriate host cells. Transcripts homologous to the HLA-6.0 gene are found to be constitutively expressed in the Jeg-3 cells but not in Tera-2 cells, whereas HLA-E is not significantly transcribed in either cell line. Transcription of class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and class I-like (HLA-E and HLA-6.0) genes is up-regulated after treatment with IFN-gamma in Tera-2 cells, whereas the corresponding genes in Jeg-3 cells remain essentially unresponsive. The biologic role of trophoblast class I(-like) molecules in the context of the maternal acceptance of the fetal semiallograft is discussed.
Cyclic redundancy encoder for error detection in communication channels (2005)

This paper describes the methodology used and the implementation of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm using C++ programming. The technique gained its popularity because it combines three advantages: extreme error detection capabilities, little overhead, and ease of implementation. The CRC is calculated by performing a modulo 2 division of the data by a generator polynomial and recording the remainder after division. The most commonly used polynomials are implemented. The conclusions and analysis results were shown and suggest that the cyclic redundancy check encoder be used in error detection for digital signals due to its ability to quickly determine if errors are present. The redundancy bits produced by the cyclic encoder enable the receiver to quickly determine if an error was produced. Different types of polynomials are used in the CRC.
Membrane Surface Nanostructuring with Terminally Anchored Polymer Chains (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Membrane Fouling Strategies for Mitigation of Membrane Fouling and Scaling Membrane Surface Structuring via Graft Polymerization Summary References
Kinetic modeling of free fatty acid production in <i>Escherichia coli</i> based on continuous cultivation of a plasmid free strain (2011)

Abstract The microbial production of free fatty acids (FFAs) and reduced derivatives is an attractive process for the renewable production of diesel fuels. Toward this goal, a plasmid‐free strain of Escherichia coli was engineered to produce FFAs by integrating three copies of a thioesterase gene from Umbellularia californica (BTE) under the control of an inducible promoter onto the chromosome. In batch culture, the resulting strain produced identical titers to a previously reported strain that expressed the thioesterase from a plasmid. The growth rate, glucose consumption rate, and FFA production rate of this strain were studied in continuous cultivation under carbon limitation. The highest yield of FFA on glucose was observed at a dilution rate of 0.05 h −1 with the highest specific productivity observed at a dilution rate of 0.2 h −1 . The observed yields under the lowest dilution rate were 15% higher than that observed in batch cultures. An increase in both productivity and yield (∼40%) was observed when the composition of the nutrients was altered to shift the culture toward non‐carbon limitation. A deterministic model of the production strain has been proposed and indicates that maintenance requirements for this strain are significantly higher than wild‐type E. coli . Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1518–1527. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relationship Between Perceptions of Financial Distress and Feelings of Psychological Well-being in New Zealand University Students (1998)

ABSTRACT Although recent reports have suggested a relationship exists between university students' debt levels and their levels of psychological well-being, no formal study has been done to test this hypothesis. Therefore, using a model of financial distress developed by Krause, Jay and Laing (1991), this study was undertaken to determine the precise nature of the relationship between students' levels of daily financial stress (i.e., the ability to meet their daily financial needs), chronic financial strain (i.e., the negative effects of long-term debt), the perceived levels of understanding and control they feel they have regarding their financial situation, and their perceived levels of psychological well-being (i.e., anxiety and depression). Path-analyses showed that levels of daily financial stress were associated with individuals' perceptions of manageability and internal control regarding their financial situation. These factors, in turn, directly influenced the students' levels of psychological well-being. In contrast, chronic financial strain was shown to influence students' psychological well-being by negatively affecting the degree of comprehensibility regarding their situation as well as their senses of control and self-esteem. These findings were taken to indicate the necessity of differentiating between sources of financial distress (e.g., immediate or ongoing) when attempting to understand, and mitigate, the effects of university students' financial situation.
Photoregulated Release of Noncovalent Guests from Dendritic Amphiphilic Nanocontainers (2011)

Supramolecular disassembly: Phototriggered release of noncovalently sequestered lipophilic guest molecules from dendritic supramolecular assemblies has been demonstrated. Facially amphiphilic dendrimers have been shown to provide a unique opportunity to fine-tune the release kinetics of the guest molecules in response to light (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Altered Cardiac Repolarization in Some Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (1987)

Abnormal prolongation of cardiac repolarization, as reflected by a long QT interval with respect to the RR interval on the electrocardiogram, is known to be associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. To test the hypothesis that prolonged cardiac repolarization may characterize some babies who die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we studied the dependence of the QT interval on the preceding RR interval in 10 babies with SIDS and 29 healthy control babies. We analyzed approximately 5000 pairs of QT and RR intervals in each subject over a wide range of RR intervals. We found that the QT intervals demonstrated less dependence on the preceding RR intervals in 5 of 10 babies who subsequently died of SIDS than in normal controls. No ventricular arrhythmias were observed, however, during the six-hour recording period. Our data suggest that in some babies with SIDS the ability to shorten the QT interval as the heart rate increases is impaired. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively prolonged cardiac repolarization may predispose such babies to ventricular arrhythmias.
Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism as a Complement to IS <i>6110</i> -Based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis for Molecular Typing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2003)

The amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to clusters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates obtained by using IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Ten of the RFLP clusters showed identical AFLP patterns also, but the other 13 could be resolved into subclusters by AFLP. Our results suggest that some RFLP clusters may not be due to recent transmission and that AFLP may be a useful complementary technique.
Some Chemical Aspects of the Fluorocarbon Plasma Etching of Silicon and Its Compounds (1979)

Mass spectrometric sampling of fluorocarbon glow discharges and in situ measurements of the etch rate of Si and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> with quartz crystal microbalances have been used to provide additional insight concerning the chemistry involved when additive gases such as O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O, and C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> are injected into a CF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> glow discharge. The results obtained in our low-pressure, long-residence-time system indicate that the etching behavior of the discharge is not significantly influenced by the molecular structure of the injected gas molecules but is determined primarily by the elemental composition of the glow discharge. This phenomenologically observed result can be used to predict qualitatively the relative etching behavior of a large class of gaseous etchant mixtures as well as the role of various electrode or wall materials in the plasma etching process. Although this oversimplified interpretation should not be extended to short-residence-time plasma systems, it is believed to be valid for some of the configurations used in plasma etching and reactive ion etching.
Externally Triggered Glass Transition Switch for Localized On‐Demand Drug Delivery (2009)

I want a new drug dose: External on-demand laser triggering is used in a drug-delivery concept, with on/off ratios in excess of 1000/1. The switching mechanism involves the glass transition of hydrophobic polymers with a large change in diffusivity. Formation of a glassy surface layer of the implant in the off state plays a key role, resulting in negligible off-release. (Picture: data points indicate ibuprofen concentration).
Teratological Effects of Chlorpyrifos in Mice (2007)

Introduction: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate insecticide, was evaluated for potential teratogenic effects in mice. A single oral dose of insecticide (i.e. 72, 36 18 or 9 mg/kg) was given to the pregnant females on gestation day6 (GD6). These doses correspond 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25% to the calculated LD50 value (144 mg/kg) for the pregnant mice. No signs of overt toxicity were observed at any of these doses. Method and Materials: Fetuses recovered from 18, 36 and 72 mg/kg groups showed a variety of morphological defects i.e. microcephaly, hydrocephaly, agnathia, anophthalmia, enlarged meningio-encepahlocoele, Spina-bifida, meromelia, micromelia, drooping wrists, rudimentary or kinky tails, round back, twisted spine, tortuous-limbs, flipper feet and sacral hygromas. Fetuses recovered from vehicle treated and 9mg/kg groups were apparently normal. Results: Statistical analysis of the data based on single factor ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test have shown a dose dependent decrease in litter size (P < 0.001) along with averaged per litter: fetal weight (P < 0.01) and crown rump length (P < 0.05). The extent of ossification in embryonic skeleton decreased progressively with increased maternal CPF exposure. Conclusion: Based on these findings we conclude that, if treated on GD6, a single oral dose of 18 mg/kg CPF (12.5% of LD50) may lead to several craniofacial and skeletal anomalies in developing mice embryos, whereas its
Some Species of Brachythecium and Leskeoideae from Western North America (1965)

Brachythecium sect. Velutinum, with five species and one variety in North America north of Mexico, is discussed. Brachythecium idahense Ren. & Card. is referred to the synonymy of B. velutinum. Brachythecium velutinum v. venustum (De Not.) Arc. (syn. B suberythorrhizon Ren. & Card. and B. petrophilum Williams) and B. fendleri, a valid species (syn. B. utahense James), are redescribed. Lescuraea iliamniana Lawt. is referred to the synonymy of L. julacea Besch. & Card. Leskeella nervosa v. sibirica (Arn.) Broth. (syn. Leskea catenulata v. acuminata Culm. and Pseudoleskeella catenulata v. filescens (Best) Lawt.) is discussed. The Velutinum section of Brachythecium as defined by Grout (1928) from North America consists of eight species and two varieties: B. bolanderi (Lesq.) Jaeg. B. erythorrhizon B.S.G. B. erythorrhizon v. suberythorrhizon (Ren. & Card.) Grout B. thedenii B.S.G. B. leibergii Grout B. collinum (C. Miill.) B.S.G. B. collinum v. idahense (Ren. & Card.) Grout B. utahense James B. petrophilum Williams B. velutinum (Hedw.) B.S.G. 1This research was supported by a great (NSF-G-19332) from the National Science Foundation to the University of Washington. I thank the directors of the herbaria of the following institutions for the loan of specimens: Museum of National History (Budapest), Botanical Museum (Helsinki), Royal Botanic Garden (Kew), Hattori Botanical Laboratory, New York Botanical Garden, and the Smithsonian Institution. 2 Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.235 on Fri, 07 Oct 2016 05:57:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 64 THE BRYOLOGIST [Volume 68 The section contains critical taxa which are frequently troublesome taxonomically. This paper represents an attempt to clarify them. Members of the group have been observed in the field for a number of years, specimens have been collected, and herbarium material1, including the available types, has been studied. As a result, five species and one variety in section Velutinum are recognized in North America north of Mexico. Members of Brachythecium sect. Velutinum are rather small plants, with leaves often falcate but not usually plicate, not decurrent or scarcely so, the margins typically serrate, and the seta rough or smooth. Brachythecium erythorrhizon does not belong here; the plants are larger than most members of section Velutinum, the leaves are plainly plicate, and the margins are entire except at the apex. European bryologists refer B. erythorrhizon to section Salebrosum with B. thedenii as a variety of it. No specimens of B. thedenii from America have been seen and it is doubtful that it occurs in the Pacific
Expression of the catalytic domain of myosin light chain kinase increases paracellular permeability (1996)

Contractile events resulting from phosphorylation of the 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial tight junction permeability. To address this question, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were transfected with a murine leukemia retroviral vector containing DNA encoding either the catalytic domain of myosin light chain kinase (tMK) or the beta-galactosidase gene (beta-gal). Autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of myosin immunoprecipitated from 32Pi-labeled transfected cells demonstrated that MLC20 phosphorylation was increased 3.1 +/- 0.9-fold in cells expressing tMK compared with cells expressing beta-gal. Phosphopeptide mapping confirmed that myosin light chain kinase was responsible for the increased MLC20 phosphorylation. Transepithelial electrical resistance, a measurement of barrier function, of tMK cell monolayers was consistently < 10% (123 +/- 20 omega.cm2) of that of monolayers comprised of wild-type cells (1,456 +/- 178 omega.cm2) or cells expressing beta-gal (1,452 +/- 174 omega.cm2). Dual 22Na+ and [3H]mannitol flux studies indicated that the decrease in resistance in tMK cells was attributable to increased paracellular flow. These data support the idea that MLC20 phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase is involved in regulating epithelial tight junction permeability.
Deterministic Controlled-NOT Gate For Single-Photon Two-Qubit Quantum Logic (2004)

We demonstrate a robust implementation of a deterministic linear-optical controlled-not gate for single-photon two-qubit quantum logic. A polarization Sagnac interferometer with an embedded 45 degrees -oriented dove prism is used to enable the polarization control qubit to act on the momentum (spatial) target qubit of the same photon. The optical controlled-not gate requires no active stabilization because the two spatial modes share a common path, and it is used to entangle the polarization and momentum qubits.
Imaging Successive Intermediate States of the On-Surface Ullmann Reaction on Cu(111): Role of the Metal Coordination (2017)

The in-depth knowledge about on-surface reaction mechanisms is crucial for the tailor-made design of covalently bonded organic frameworks, for applications such as nanoelectronic or -optical devices. Latest developments in atomic force microscopy, which rely on functionalizing the tip with single CO molecules at low temperatures, allow to image molecular systems with submolecular resolution. Here, we are using this technique to study the complete reaction pathway of the on-surface Ullmann-type coupling between bromotriphenylene molecules on a Cu(111) surface. All steps of the Ullmann reaction, i.e., bromotriphenylenes, triphenylene radicals, organometallic intermediates, and bistriphenylenes, were imaged with submolecular resolution. Together with density functional theory calculations with dispersion correction, our study allows to address the long-standing question of how the organometallic intermediates are coordinated via Cu surface or adatoms.
Smart Rehabilitation Devices: Part I - Force Tracking Control (2006)

Resistance exercise has been widely reported to have positive rehabilitation effects for patients with neuromuscular and orthopaedic conditions. This article presents prototypes of smart variable resistance exercise devices using magneto-rheological fluid dampers. An intelligent supervisory control for regulating the resistive force or torque of the device is developed, and is validated both numerically and experimentally. The device provides both isometric and isokinetic strength training for the human joints including knee, elbow, hip, and ankle.
The amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from <i>Vicia faba</i> L. (broad bean) (1974)

The amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from broad bean was determined. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of 99 residues. The sequence was determined by using a Beckman 890C sequencer and by dansyl-phenyl isothiocyanate analysis of peptides obtained by the enzymic cleavage of purified cyanogen bromide fragments. Some parts of the sequence depend on the results of Edman degradation of peptides for which amino acid analyses were not obtained. The evidence for one overlap is not strong.
Bernoulli Diffeomorphisms on Surfaces (1979)

The smooth ergodic theory deals with the metric (ergodic) properties of classical dynamical systems (i.e., diffeomorphisms and smooth one-parameter flows on smooth manifolds) with respect to a positive smooth invariant measure. By a positive smooth measure we mean a measure on a smooth (usually Co) manifold (possibly with boundary) which is given by a positive smooth density in every local coordinate system. We shall say that a diffeomorphism f: M -> M is a Bernoulli diffeomorphism if (1) f preserves some smooth positive probability measure p on M and (2) considered as an automorphism of the Lebesgue space (M, p), the mapping f is metrically isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. Recently Ja. B. Pesin ([1], [21, [3]) established remarkable connections between the Lyapunov characteristic exponents and the ergodic properties of classical dynamical systems on compact manifolds. One of the main results of Pesin can be described as follows. Almost every ergodic component of a diffeomorphism f: M-> M with respect to a smooth invariant measure, belonging to the set