gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fullerene ions and their relation to PAH and soot in low‐pressure hydrocarbon flames (1992)

Abstract Positive and negative fullerene ions from C 32 to over C 600 have been analysed in low‐pressure premixed flames of acetylene and benzene with oxygen. Mass spectra were taken through a molecular beam sampling system by a linear time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOF‐MS) and a reflectron TOF‐MS. Fullerenes are mainly formed during the beginning of soot formation, and less in the oxidation zone or under nonsooting conditions in benzene flames. When soot is present, the whole spectrum of fullerene ions is formed, whereas in the oxidation zone mainly smaller fullerenes, preferentially C 60 , C 70 and C 50 occur. — Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are the precursors of fullerenes, both in the presence of soot and under homogeneous conditions. However, hydrogenated fractions of carbon cages as intermediates could not be detected. This is attributed to fast unimolecular reactions and to formation reactions of fullerenes in young soot particles. On account of correlations with concentration profiles of large PAH ions, on the one hand, and with the soot particle mass distributions, on the other, possible mechanisms of fullerene formation are discussed. Fullerenes do not grow further, as do the soot particles, but they are oxidized at high temperature. Thermal decomposition was not observed. From comparison of fullerene formation with the two fuels and under different burning conditions it is concluded that negative fullerene ions are formed by electron attachment to neutral fullerenes and that for positive fullerene ions there is hardly any ionisation equilibrium.
Constitutive Expression of IDO by Dendritic Cells of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes: Functional Involvement of the CTLA-4/B7 and CCL22/CCR4 Interactions (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) express the immunoregulatory enzyme IDO in response to certain inflammatory stimuli, but it is unclear whether DCs express this enzyme under steady-state conditions in vivo. In this study, we report that the DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) constitutively express functional IDO, which metabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine. In line with a previous report that regulatory T cells (Tregs) can induce IDO in DCs via the CTLA-4/B7 interaction, a substantial proportion of the MLN DCs were located in juxtaposition to Tregs, whereas this tendency was not observed for splenic DCs, which do not express IDO constitutively. When CTLA-4 was selectively deleted in Tregs, the frequency of IDO-expressing DCs in MLNs decreased significantly, confirming CTLA-4's role in IDO expression by MLN DCs. We also found that the MLN DCs produced CCL22, which can attract Tregs via CCR4, and that the phagocytosis of autologous apoptotic cells induced CCL22 expression in CCL22 mRNA-negative DCs. Mice genetically deficient in the receptor for CCL22, CCR4, showed markedly reduced IDO expression in MLN-DCs, supporting the involvement of the CCL22/CCR4 axis in IDO induction. Together with our previous observation that MLN DCs contain much intracytoplasmic cellular debris in vivo, these results indicate that reciprocal interactions between the DCs and Tregs via both B7/CTLA-4 and CCL22/CCR4 lead to IDO induction in MLN DCs, which may be initiated and/or augmented by the phagocytosis of autologous apoptotic cells by intestinal DCs. Such a mechanism may help induce the specific milieu in MLNs that is required for the induction of oral tolerance.
Retroviral vector-mediated overexpression of the RII beta subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase induces differentiation in human leukemia cells and reverts the transformed phenotype of mouse fibroblasts. (1994)

We have recently shown, using antisense strategy, that the RII beta regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is essential for cAMP-induced growth inhibition and differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells. We constructed a retroviral vector for RII beta (MT-RII beta) by inserting human RII beta complementary DNA into the OT1521 retroviral vector plasmid that contains an internal mouse metallothionein-1 promoter and a neomycin resistance gene. The PA317 packaging cell line was then transfected with MT-RII beta plasmid to produce the amphotrophic stock of MT-RII beta retroviral vector. The infection with MT-RII beta and treatment with CdCl2 brought about growth arrest in HL-60 human leukemia and Ki-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 clone DT cells in monolayer culture with no sign of toxicity. The growth inhibition correlated with the expression of RII beta and accompanied changes in cell morphology; cells became flat, exhibiting enlarged cytoplasm. The growth of these cells in semisolid medium (anchorage-independent growth) was almost completely suppressed. In contrast, overexpression of the RI alpha subunit of protein kinase enhanced the cell proliferation in DT cells. The MT-RII beta-infected cells exhibited an increased sensitivity toward treatment with cAMP analogues, such as 8-Cl-cAMP and N6-benzyl-cAMP, as compared with the parental noninfected cells. In MT-RII beta HL-60 cells, N6-benzyl-cAMP treatment greatly enhanced the expression of monocytic surface markers. These results suggest that the RII beta cAMP receptor, by binding to its ligand, cAMP, acts as a tumor suppressor protein exerting growth inhibition, differentiation, and reverse transformation.
Plasma-Etched Neural Probes (1996)

This paper presents a new method for microfabricating silicon-based neural probes that are designed for neurobiology research. Such probes provide unique capabilities to record high-resolution signals simultaneously from multiple, precisely defined locations within neural tissue. The fabrication process utilizes a plasma etch to define the probe outline, resulting in sharp tips and compatibility with standard CMOS processes. A low-noise amplifier array has been fabricated through the MOSIS service to complete a system that has been used in multiple successful physiological experiments.
Array comparative genomic hybridization identifies genetic regions associated with outcome in aggressive diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (2009)

Array-CGH identified multiple regions with common copy number changes, some of which were associated with outcome in patients with DLBCL.
Chinese Medicine Users in the United States Part I: Utilization, Satisfaction, Medical Plurality (1998)

The user demographic picture was of mid-age, well-educated, employed, mid-income patients. They sought care for a wide variety of conditions; top uses were for relief of musculoskeletal dysfunction, mood care, and wellness care. A large majority reported "disappearance" or "improvement" of symptoms, improved quality of life, and reduced use of selected measures including prescription drugs and surgery. Respondents reported utilizing a wide array of practices in addition to Chinese medicine, while also expressing extremely high satisfaction with Chinese medicine care. The evidence indicates that these respondents behave as astute consumers within a plural health care system. Part II (in press) details reasons given for satisfaction and situates respondent attitudes within a larger sociocultural framework.
Visual Areas in Macaque Cortex Measured Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2002)

We describe the first systematic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements of visual field maps in macaque visual cortex. The boundaries of visual areas V1, V2, V3, V3A, V4, MT/V5, and TEO/V4A were identified using stimuli that create traveling waves of activity in retinotopically organized areas of the visual cortex. Furthermore, these stimuli were used to measure the dimensions of the representations of the central 11 degrees in V1-V3, quantitative visual field eccentricity functions for V1-V3 and MT, and the distribution of foveal and peripheral signals within the occipital lobe. Within areas V1, V2, MT, and portions of V4, the fMRI signals were 5-10 times the noise level (3 mm3 volumes of interest). Signals were weaker but still significant in other cortical regions, including V3, V3A, and TEO. There is good agreement between the fMRI maps and the visual area maps discovered using local anatomical and physiological measurements. The fMRI measurements allow one to obtain a broad view of the distribution of cortical signals, spanning multiple visual areas at a single point in time. The combination of scale and sensitivity demonstrated here create a good foundation for measuring how localized signals and lesions influence the responses and reorganization in widely separated cortical regions. The ability to measure human and macaque maps using the same technology will make it possible to define computational homologies between the two species.
Exploiting prior knowledge in network optimization: an illustration from medical prognosis (1990)

Feed-forward layered networks trained on a pattern classification task in which the number of training patterns in each class is non-uniform, exhibit a strong classification bias towards those classes with largest membership. This is an unfortunate property of networks when the relative importance of classes with smaller membership is much greater than that of classes with many training patterns. In addition, there are many pattern classification tasks where different penalties are associated with misclassifying a pattern belonging to one class as another class. Generally, it is not known how to compensate for such effects in network training. This paper discusses an analytical regularization scheme whereby prior expectations of class importance occurring in the generalization data and misclassification costs may be incorporated into the training phase, thus compensating for the uneven and unfair class distributions occurring in the training set. The effects of the proposed scheme on the feature extraction criterion employed in the hidden layer of the network are discussed. An illustration of the results is presented by considering a real medical prognosis problem concerning data collected from head-injured coma patients. Relationships between last mean square error minimization and Bayesian minimum risk estimation is mentioned and the importance and relevance of input/output coding schemes for network performance is considered.
Heterogeneous phase equilibrium in the ethane-n-dodecane system (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous phase equilibrium in the ethane-n-dodecane systemKyu H. Lee and James Paul KohnCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1969, 14, 3, 292–295Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60042a021https://doi.org/10.1021/je60042a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radioimmunoassay of bovine heart protein kinase. (1976)

Immunization of guinea pigs with bovine cardiac cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) resulted in the development of precipitating antibodies to the cAMP-binding subunit of the enzyme. Both the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated cAMP-binding protein of the protein kinase reacted with the antiserum. A radioimmunoassay was developed that detects 10 ng of holoenzyme and permits measurement of enzyme concentrations in bovine cardiac muscle. Bovine liver, kidney, brain, and skeletal muscle contain protein kinases which are immunologically identical to those found in bovine cardiac muscle. However, the proportion of immuno-reactive enzyme activity differed for each tissue. All of the immunologically nonreactive enzyme in skeletal muscle and heart was separable from immunoreactive enzyme by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Rat tissues and pig heart contained protein kinase activity that crossreacted immunologically in a nonparallel fashion with bovine cardiac enzyme. These results indicate that cAMP-dependent protein kinases within and between species are immunologically heterogeneous.
The Rise and Fall of Digital Music Distribution Services: a Cross-Case Comparison of MP3.com, Napster and Kazaa (2005)

The aim of this research is to assess the role of digital music distribution services in the downturn and restructuring of the music industry. The research was bound by the systems of innovation conceptual framework and explores the dynamics between the technical, social, legal and economic dimensions with the purpose of understanding how the traditional supply chain has changed. The cases of MP3.com, Napster and Kazaa are studied for their historical significance and the sheer breadth of issues they bring to the fore. Data was collected using documentation review and interviews. The findings of the research show that the creation of digital music distribution services initially resulted in disintermediation. However, it was not long before record companies reintermediated into the supply chain with pay-per-download (PPD) and subscription payment schemes. Today, the law seems to be catching up with entities that illegally distribute music but it has not ceased the development of newer online establishments that are technically not in breach of legislation.
Automated detection of malaria-associated intraleucocytic haemozoin by Cell-Dyn CD4000 depolarization analysis (2003)

Laboratory tests for malaria are only performed if there is clinical suspicion of the disease, and a missed diagnosis contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. Malaria parasites produce haemozoin, which is able to depolarize light and this allows the automated detection of malaria during routine complete blood count analysis (CBC) with some Abbott Cell-Dyn instruments. In this study, we evaluated the Cell-Dyn CD4000 with 831 blood samples submitted for malaria investigations. Samples were categorized as malaria negative (n = 417), convalescent malaria (n = 64) or malaria positive (n = 350) by reference to thin/thick film microscopy, 'rapid test' procedures, polymerase chain reaction analysis and clinical history. With regard to CD4000 depolarization analysis, a malaria positive CD4000 pattern was ascribed to samples that showed one or more abnormal depolarizing purple events, which corresponded to monocytes containing ingested malaria pigment (haemozoin). Positive CD4000 patterns were observed in 11 of 417, 50 of 64 and 281 of 350 of malaria negative, convalescent malaria and malaria positive samples respectively. The specificity and positive predictive values for malaria (active and convalescent) were very high (97.4 and 96.8%, respectively), while sensitivity and negative predictive values were 80.0 and 83.0% respectively. Depolarization analysis was particularly effective for Plasmodium falciparum malaria but there was lower detection sensitivity for White compared with Black African patients. CD4000 90 degrees depolarization vs 0 degrees analysis revealed a proportion of samples with small nonleucocyte-associated depolarizing particles. Appearance of such events in the form of a discrete cluster was associated with P. vivax rather than P. falciparum infection.
Parameter selection and programming recommendations for the ACE and CIS speech processing strategies [Abstract] (1999)

The Nucleus 24 Cochlear Implant system with the SPrint processor provides access to multiple speech processing strategies and a wide range of programming parameters. Strategy comparison studies have suggested that the optimal parameter set and coding strategy varies from individual to individual. It is necessary, however, to establish some default programming parameters and fitting guidelines. Therefore we have investigated the effect of stimulation rate and the number of channels or maxima in the ACE or CIS strategies, as well as the optimal programming strategy for subjects with a limited number of available electrodes. Speech perception was tested using monosyllabic words and sentences in noise, with the evaluation protocol designed to take into account learning effects. Take-home experience was provided with all programs, and subjects were asked to complete a comparative performance questionnaire regarding program preference. Six or eight subjects were enrolled in each study.
The Negative Ion Mass Spectra of [M-H]− Ions Derived From Caeridin and Dynastin Peptides. Internal Backbone Cleavages Directed Through Asp and Asn Residues (1997)

The collision-induced spectra of [M–H]− ions of peptides containing Asp and Asn residues exhibit characteristic backbone cleavage ions produced via the enolate anions of the Asp or Asn side chains. Such reactions do not occur from the analogous Glu of Gln residues. Asp and Asn residues may be distinguished because the backbone cleavage ion formed from Asp undergoes pronounced loss of water: the corresponding loss of ammonia from the Asn backbone cleavage ion is less pronounced. The presence of Asp or Asn in a peptide usually results in the normal α and β backbone cleavage ions being minor in comparison to backbone cleavage ions formed via the enolate anions of Asp or Asn. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economics of multimillion-joule inductive energy storage (1957)

IN MANY electric energy storage applications the objective is to store energy slowly over a relatively long interval and than withdraw the energy quickly to obtain a very high peak power. For certain applications of this type, inductance coils have significant advantages over capacitors or rotating machinery. The inductive storage method is particularly advantageous in situations where millions of watt-seconds are to be stored and the energy is to be expended in a time interval of a few milliseconds.
Modulation of NF-κB-dependent gene transcription using programmable DNA minor groove binders (2011)

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various aspects of immune response, cell death, and differentiation as well as cancer. In this study we introduce the Py-Im polyamide 1 that binds preferentially to the sequences 5'-WGGWWW-3' and 5'GGGWWW-3'. The compound is capable of binding to κB sites and reducing the expression of various NF-κB-driven genes including IL6 and IL8 by qRT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a reduction of p65 occupancy within the proximal promoters of those genes. Genome-wide expression analysis by RNA-seq compares the DNA-binding polyamide with the well-characterized NF-κB inhibitor PS1145, identifies overlaps and differences in affected gene groups, and shows that both affect comparable numbers of TNF-α-inducible genes. Inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding via direct displacement of the transcription factor is a potential alternative to the existing antagonists.
Improved Method of Encapsulating Artificial Diet for Rearing Predators of Harmful Insects1 (1983)

Journal Article Improved Method of Encapsulating Artificial Diet for Rearing Predators of Harmful Insects Get access Allen C. Cohen Allen C. Cohen Biological Control of Insects Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, Arizona 85719 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 76, Issue 4, 1 August 1983, Pages 957–959, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.4.957 Published: 01 August 1983 Article history Received: 28 May 1982 Accepted: 09 March 1983 Published: 01 August 1983
Effect of the preparation of cellulose pellets on the dispersion of cellulose fibers into polypropylene matrix during extrusion (2009)

Abstract Cellulose fibers are rarely used for the extrusion of composites because of the problems in feeding them into the extruder and in dispersing them properly. Pelletization made it possible to feed cellulose fibers into extruder, but it reduced dramatically the fiber length. The goal of this study was to optimize the pelletization process for extrusion applications. Bleached sulfite cellulose fibers were pelletized at different moisture contents and with the optional addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The pellets were subsequently extruded with polypropylene matrix without compatibilizer. Fiber dispersion and fiber breakage during extrusion were investigated. Pre‐blending of polymer and fiber pellets and introduction of the fibers through a side extruder were compared. CMC acted as a processing aid during pelletization, resulting in lower fiber breakage but in compact and stiff pellets. Lower moisture content also increased the compactness of the pellets. The dispersability of the fibers during extrusion decreased with increased pellets' compactness. CMC created inter‐fiber bonds, decreasing further the fibers' dispersability. The fiber length in the composites was the same regardless of the pelletization parameters. Early introduction of the fibers improved fiber dispersion. Feeding through side extruder was more stable and more reliable than pre‐blending. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
CoMobile: Collaborative Learning with Mobile Devices (2006)

One of the common tools that support collaborative learning is web-based forum. A web forum is a place where students can ask questions, exchange their ideas, learning materials, learning experiences, and so on. As mobile devices can be used to access information from anywhere and at anytime, it would be useful to integrate these devices into such learning activities. However, it is a challenge to adapt web applications to mobile devices because of the limitations of screen size and processing power. In this paper, we introduce a novel application using mobile phones for accessing multimedia contents efficiently. Our system, the Interactive Multimedia Forum for Mobile Users (CoMobile), supports collaborative learning with various devices such as PC, PDA, and mobile phones.
Time-dependent dilatancy for brittle rocks (2017)

This paper presents a theoretical study on time-dependent dilatancy behaviors for brittle rocks. The theory employs a well-accepted postulation that macroscopically observed dilatancy originates from the expansion of microcracks. The mechanism and dynamic process that microcracks initiate from local stress concentration and grow due to localized tensile stress are analyzed. Then, by generalizing the results from the analysis of single cracks, a parameter and associated equations for its evolution are developed to describe the behaviors of the microcracks. In this circumstance, the relationship between microcracking and dilatancy can be established, and the theoretical equations for characterizing the process of rock dilatancy behaviors are derived. Triaxial compression and creep tests are conducted to validate the developed theory. With properly chosen model parameters, the theory yields a satisfactory accuracy in comparison with the experimental results.