gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physics-based modeling and real-time simulation (2001)

There are many simulation tools designed for specific applications. Users need to plug in application-specific parameters or models; the simulation tool will carry out simulation, graphics rendering, and animation. The article provides an extensive list of simulation tools. Simulating physics behaviors in real time presents challenging problems for scientists and graphics researchers. Such behaviors include fluids, large data materials simulations, deformable bodies, and many other complex natural phenomena. Real time simulation systems are unusual, and the best implementations are problem dependent. The article serves as an introduction to alternative modeling and simulation methods and efficiency considerations.
Transition metal catalyzed [2 + 2] cross-addition of olefins. Nickel(0)-catalyzed cycloaddition of norbornadiene and methylenecyclopropane (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition metal catalyzed [2 + 2] cross-addition of olefins. Nickel(0)-catalyzed cycloaddition of norbornadiene and methylenecyclopropaneR. Noyori, T. Ishigami, N. Hayashi, and H. TakayaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5, 1674–1676Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00786a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00786a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The quest for magnetic polymers—caveat emptor (1992)

Abstract Numerous reports claiming ferromagnetic behavior in organic polymers exist; however, the reported materials have been plagued by ill‐defined compositions, low yields on a magnetic basis, and poor reproducibility. Such low values of saturation magnetization (i.e., ≪ 5600 emuG/mol spin) cause serious concern as to whether the magnetic behavior arises from extrinsic sources and thus obligate the researcher to provide a persuasive case that when a material has a low saturation magnetization, suggesting thrtt the magnetic fraction is only a small portion of the bulk, that the magnetic behavior is in fact intrinsic and not of extrinsic origin. In several cases, when reinvestigated, the magnetic behavior of reported polymeric magnetic materials has been attributed to extrinsic sources. In the cases where extrinsic sources have not been identified, verification of the magnetic behavior has not been reported by independent laboratories. Thus, to date there have not been any reports of a bulk polymer that have stood the test of confirmation for ferromagnetic or even ferrimagnetic behaviour. Hence, caveat physics—scientist beware.
Hybrid Java compilation and optimization for digital TV software platform (2010)

The Java software platform for the interactive digital TV (DTV) is composed of the system/middleware classes statically installed on the DTV set-top box and the xlet classes dynamically downloaded from the TV stations, where xlets are executed only when the TV viewer initiates the interaction. In order to achieve high performance on this dual-component, user-initiated system, existing just-in-time compilation is not enough, but idle-time compilation and optimization as well as ahead-of-time compilation are also needed, requiring a hybrid compilation and optimization environment. We constructed such a hybrid environment for a commercial DTV software platform and experimented with real, on-air xlet applications. Our experimental results show that the proposed hybrid environment can improve the DTV Java performance by as much as an average of 150%, compared to the JITC-only environment.
Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Activity of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Seed Extract of Nigella sativa (2020)

Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) based approaches using plant materials have been accepted as biomedical applications. The current study aimed to test the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by seed extract of Nigella sativa (Ns) as stabilizing and reducing agents. Characterization was done through UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analyses. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a specific silver plasmon peak at 400 nm and a quick color change was observed in the bio-reaction medium. Electron microscopic images of Ns-AgNPs identified as spherical in shape with varied size ranged between 8 and 80 nm and zeta potential analysis evidenced the particles stability and polydisperity. Antibiofilm activity of Ns-AgNPs was evident as at 12.5 µg/mL Ns-AgNps restricted the biofilm formation by 88.42% for Enterococcus faecalis, 84.92% for E. coli, 81.86% for Klebsiella pneumonia, 82.84% for Staphylococcus aureus, and 49.9% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Furthermore, biologically synthesized AgNPs showed the significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. Even the lowest concentration of Ns-AgNps restricted the highest rate of inhibition against S. aureus (6.5 and 15 µg/mL) and E. faecalis (6.5 and 15 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity of S. aureus and E. fecalis was more prominent than E. coli (15 and 30 µg/mL), K. pneumonia (15 and 30 µg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (30 and 60 µg/mL) respectively. Moreover, Ns-AgNPs revealed significant cytotoxic ability and substantially killed human breast cancer cell (HCC-712) viability. The results of current study advocate that Ns-AgNps may be considered as a potential option in biomedical applications, alternative therapy, designing anti-biofilm agents, treating multi drug resistance bacterial infection, and anti-cancer therapy.
Robust Fuzzy Extractors and Authenticated Key Agreement from Close Secrets. (2010)

Consider two parties holding correlated random variables W and W′, respectively, that are within distance t of each other in some metric space. These parties wish to agree on a uniformly distributed secret key R by sending a single message over an insecure channel controlled by an all-powerful adversary. We consider both the keyless case, where the parties share no additional secret information, and the keyed case, where the parties share a long-term secret SK that they can use to generate a sequence of session keys {Rj} using multiple pairs {(Wj, W ′ j)}. The former has applications to, e.g., biometric authentication, while the latter arises in, e.g., the bounded storage model with errors. Our results improve upon previous work in several respects: – The best previous solution for the keyless case with no errors (i.e., t = 0) requires the min-entropy of W to exceed 2|W|/3. We show a solution when the min-entropy of W exceeds the minimal threshold |W|/2. – Previous solutions for the keyless case in the presence of errors (i.e., t&gt; 0) required random oracles. We give the first constructions (for certain metrics) in the standard model. – Previous solutions for the keyed case were stateful. We give the first stateless solution.
Cadmium accumulation by a <i>Citrobacter</i> sp. immobilized on gel and solid supports: Applicability to the treatment of liquid wastes containing heavy metal cations (1987)

Polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of a Citrobacter sp. removed cadmium from flows supplemented with glycerol 2-phosphate, the metal uptake mechanism being mediated by the activity of a cell-bound phosphatase that precipitates liberated inorganic phosphate with heavy metals at the cell surface. The constraints of elevated flow rate and temperature were investigated and the results discussed in terms of the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Loss in activity with respect to cadmium accumulation but not inorganic phosphate liberation was observed at acid pH and was attributed to the pH-dependent solubility of cadmium photsphate. Similarly high concentrations of chloride ions, and traces of cyanide inhibited cadmium uptake and this was attributed to the ability of these anions to complex heavy metals, especially the ability of CN(-) to form complex anions with Cd(2+). The data are discussed in terms of the known chemistry of chloride and cyanide-cadmium complexes and the relevance of these factors in the treatment of metal-containing liquid wastes is discussed. The cells immobilized in polyacrylamide provided a convenient small-scale laboratory model system. It was found that the Citrobacter sp. could be immobilized on glass supports with no chemical treatment or modification necessary. Such cells were also effective in metal accumulation and a prototype system more applicable to the treatment of metal-containing streams on a larger scale is described.
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence with an Implantable Prosthesis (1989)

Experiences with various types of implantable urinary incontinence prostheses based on two principles, passive compression of the urethra (Kaufman) or artificial dynamic sphincter (Scott) are recounted. The series consists of 40 patients, 3 women and 37 men. The cause of incontinence was transurethral resection of the prostate or open prostatectomy in 29 cases, radical prostatectomy in 3 cases, neurogenic bladder in 7 cases and urethroplasty in 1 case. The success rate with the Kaufman prosthesis was 50% and that with the Scott artificial sphincter 91% with an average follow-up of 2 years. Mechanical complications or infection requiring surgical intervention occurred in 42% cases. Careful patient selection and meticulous surgical technique are essential. The artificial urinary sphincter (type AMS 800) appears to be the best treatment modality for urethral sphincter deficiency. In the selected cases the Kaufman prosthesis still has a place for the treatment of elderly men with poor cortical and manual control, making them incapable of managing the AMS 800 prosthesis.
Incorporating bortezomib into upfront treatment for multiple myeloma: early results of total therapy 3 (2007)

Total therapy 3 incorporated bortezomib into a melphalan-based tandem transplant regimen for 303 newly diagnosed patients with myeloma. Induction chemotherapy prior to and consolidation chemotherapy after transplants each consisted of two cycles of VTD-PACE (bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone and 4-d continuous infusions of cis-platin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide); 3-year maintenance comprised monthly cycles of VTD in the first and TD in the remaining years. The median age was 59 years (age >64 years, 28%). A minimum of 20 x 10(6) CD34 cells/kg was collected in 87% of patients; 83% completed both transplants, and only 5% suffered a treatment-related death. At 24 months, 83% had achieved near-complete remission, which was sustained in 88% at 2 years from its onset. With a median follow-up of 20 months, 2-year estimates of event-free and overall survival were 84% and 86% respectively. The 44 patients who experienced an event more often had a high-risk gene array profile, cytogenetic abnormalities and indicators of high lactate dehydrogenase, beta-2-microglobulin, creatinine and International Staging System stage. Toxicities of grade > 2 included thrombo-embolic events in 27% and peripheral neuropathy in 12%. Results of this phase-2 study demonstrated that bortezomib could be safely combined with multi-agent chemotherapy, effecting near-complete remission status and 2-year survival rates in more than 80% of patients.
Otopetrin 1 activation by purinergic nucleotides regulates intracellular calcium (2007)

Otopetrin1 (Otop1) is a multitransmembrane domain protein required for the formation of otoconia in the vertebrate inner ear. Otoconia are complex calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) biominerals that are required for the sensation of gravity. Examination of the phenotypes of animals with mutations or deficiencies in Otop1 suggests a direct role for Otop1 in the initiation of extracellular biomineralization, possibly through the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+). Here, we demonstrate that Otop1 overexpression can modulate purinergic-mediated Ca(2+) homeostasis in transfected cell lines. These experiments define a unique set of biochemical activities of Otop1, including depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores, specific inhibition of the purinergic receptor P2Y, and regulation of the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) in response to ATP, ADP, and UDP. These activities can be inhibited by the polyanion suramin in a rapidly reversible manner. This first characterization of the consequences of Otop1 overexpression indicates a profound effect on cellular Ca(2+) regulation. In a physiologic setting, these activities could direct the formation and growth of otoconia and regulate other biomineralization processes.
Editorial for the Special Issue Web 2.0 and Language Learning: Rhetoric and Reality (2014)

This special issue of the CALICO Journal addresses key issues concerning the role of Web 2.0 technologies in language learning and teaching, examining both the rhetoric and the reality behind a number of associated myths of digital education, from digital natives to digital literacy and 21st century skills. While Web 2.0 technologies have become more popular over the last five years and the case for their inclusion in education more powerful, it is still not clear to what extent they are being used in international language learning contexts and how effective they are for learning, collaboration and learner motivation.
WeARHand: Head-worn, RGB-D camera-based, bare-hand user interface with visually enhanced depth perception (2014)

We introduce WeARHand, which allows a user to manipulate virtual 3D objects with a bare hand in a wearable augmented reality (AR) environment. Our method uses no environmentally tethered tracking devices and localizes a pair of near-range and far-range RGB-D cameras mounted on a head-worn display and a moving bare hand in 3D space by exploiting depth input data. Depth perception is enhanced through egocentric visual feedback, including a semi-transparent proxy hand. We implement a virtual hand interaction technique and feedback approaches, and evaluate their performance and usability. The proposed method can apply to many 3D interaction scenarios using hands in a wearable AR environment, such as AR information browsing, maintenance, design, and games.
ZnSe nanowires epitaxially grown on GaP(111) substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy (2003)

We report molecular-beam epitaxy growth of single crystalline ZnSe nanowires with uniform diameters (∼10 nm) on GaP(111) substrates. The growth process was based on the Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid deposition. As determined by electron microdiffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ZnSe nanowires grew generally along the 〈110〉 and 〈112〉 directions with the orientation relationship of (111)ZnSe wire//(111)GaP and 〈11̄0〉ZnSe wire//〈11̄0〉GaP. The dominant defects were found to be twins at the interface between the substrate and the nanowires along the (111) plane.
Tissue remodelling in liver diseases. (2003)

Tissue remodelling is a dynamic process that occurs during fetal or adult life and involves a modification of the original organization and function of a tissue. Tissue remodelling is observed in physiological and pathological conditions such as during wound healing or in the mammary gland during the course of pregnancy. In this review we will discuss the remodelling occurring in the liver as a consequence of chronic inflammation, as observed in chronic hepatitis, or as a consequence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in more detail. We will consider how altered deposition and turn-over of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins could lead to development of liver fibrosis, and how the exacerbation of fibrosis could underlie the development of cirrhosis. The involvement of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines commonly used as therapeutic agents, such as Interferon-a, is then evaluated with a particular focus on modulation of ECM proteolysis. Finally, we analyze the role of alterations of the surrounding microenvironment including ECM, growth factors, cytokines and membrane receptors for ECM ligands in the development of HCC and in its invasive behaviour.
Contrasting effects of IFNα on MHC class II expression in professional vs. nonprofessional APCs: Role of CIITA type IV promoter (2012)

We previously demonstrated that, in ex vivo cultures, IFNα downregulates the expression of MHC class II (MHCII) genes in human non-professional APCs associated with pancreatic islets. IFNα has an opposing effect on MHCII expression in professional APCs. In this study, we found that the mechanism responsible for the IFNα-mediated MHCII's downregulation in human MHCII-positive non-professional antigen presenting human non-hematopoietic cell lines is the result of the negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction, which eventually inhibits promoters III and IV of CIITA gene. Because the CIITA-PIV isoform is mostly responsible for the constitutive expression of MHCII genes in non-professional APCs, we pursued and achieved the specific knockdown of CIITA-PIV mRNA in our in vitro system, obtaining a partial silencing of MHCII molecules similar to that obtained by IFNα. We believe that our results offer a new understanding of the potential significance of CIITA-PIV as a therapeutic target for interventional strategies that can manage autoimmune disease and allograft rejection with little interference on the function of professional APCs of the immune system.
Identification of enhancer elements in the upstream region of the nuclear photosynthetic gene ST-LS1. (1989)

The nuclear gene ST-LS1 from potato encodes a 10-kilodalton protein that is a component of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Analysis of the expression of a reporter gene driven by chimeric promoters, consisting of ST-LS1 upstream sequences and a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, suggests that a strong positive regulatory element is located between position -345 and -261, whereas both the region -261 to +11 and the more upstream region -1600 to -530 are devoid of autonomous strong positive elements detectable by this approach. The ST-LS1 upstream region contains redundant elements conferring light-regulated and organ-specific expression, one of them being located between position -130 and +11. In addition, enhancer-like sequences conferring light-regulated as well as organ-specific expression to heterologous promoters were identified. These sequences are functional not only when located 5'-upstream of the coding region but also when placed 3'-downstream of the polyadenylation signal, thus representing one of the first examples of a plant gene-derived enhancer being able to induce a truncated heterologous promoter from a position 3'-downstream of the transcription unit.
Architecture for Virtual Network Function's High Availability in Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure (2018)

Currently, using Container technology to host network functions can leverage faster Virtual Network Function (VNF) installation and optimize resource utilization than Virtual Machine (VM) based virtualization technology. However, due to the limitation in security and performance, migrating all network functions to Container platform might not be the right solution. Considering trade-offs between agility, security and compatibility leads to the hybrid deployment of VNFs, where some legacy or secured VNFs are placed in VMs and redesigned VNFs with microservice architecture are deployed in Containers. The hybrid cloud infrastructure that supports VM as well as Container based VNFs also raises the unified networking, management and orchestration problems, as well as network service availability problems due to incompatible orchestration. In order to solve the above issues, we design a conversion translator, unified lifecycle management (LCM) of network service and networking integration. Finally, we also develop a procedure for heterogeneous network service chaining. To verify it, we implement the proposed architecture with OpenStack and Kubernetes environments. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed architecture in supporting HA alongside resolving orchestration issues in a hybrid cloud.
El TNP y la conferencia de revisión de 2010 (2012)

En este articulo se analizan el Tratado de No Proliferacion Nuclear, los acuerdos alcanzados en
sus Conferencias de Revision de 1995, 2000, 2005 y, especialmente, en la de 2010.
A three‐source model for the calculation of head scatter factors (2002)

Accurate determination of the head scatter factor Sc is an important issue, especially for intensity modulated radiation therapy, where the segmented fields are often very irregular and much less than the collimator jaw settings. In this work, we report an Sc calculation algorithm for symmetric, asymmetric, and irregular open fields shaped by the tertiary collimator (a multileaf collimator or blocks) at different source-to-chamber distance. The algorithm was based on a three-source model, in which the photon radiation to the point of calculation was treated as if it originated from three effective sources: one source for the primary photons from the target and two extra-focal photon sources for the scattered photons from the primary collimator and the flattening filter, respectively. The field mapping method proposed by Kim et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 43, 1593-1604 (1998)] was extended to two extra-focal source planes and the scatter contributions were integrated over the projected areas (determined by the detector's eye view) in the three source planes considering the source intensity distributions. The algorithm was implemented using Microsoft Visual C/C++ in the MS Windows environment. The only input data required were head scatter factors for symmetric square fields, which are normally acquired during machine commissioning. A large number of different fields were used to evaluate the algorithm and the results were compared with measurements. We found that most of the calculated Sc's agreed with the measured values to within 0.4%. The algorithm can also be easily applied to deal with irregular fields shaped by a multileaf collimator that replaces the upper or lower collimator jaws.