gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BclxL overexpression in megakaryocytes leads to impaired platelet fragmentation (2002)

Fragmentation of polyploid megakaryocytes into platelets has great relevance for blood homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death is a highly regulated genetic program, which has been observed in mature megakaryocytes fragmenting into platelets. The antiapoptotic protein BclxL has been reported as up-regulated during megakaryocytic differentiation in vitro, but absent during late megakaryopoiesis. Our study focused on examining BclxL levels in megakaryocytes in vivo and in assessing the effect of its overexpression in transgenic mice (via the platelet factor 4 [PF4] promoter) on megakaryocyte development and platelet fragmentation. Interestingly, in the wild-type and less in PF4-driven transgenic mice, BclxL was not detected in a fraction of the large mature megakaryocytes, suggesting a regulation on the protein level. BclxL overexpression was associated with a moderate increase in megakaryocyte number, with no significant change in ploidy level or platelet counts. When the mice were challenged by induction of immune thrombocytopenia, the rate of platelet recovery was significantly slower in the transgenic mice as compared with controls. Moreover, proplatelet formation in vitro by transgenic megakaryocytes was limited. Transgenic megakaryocytes displayed poorly developed platelet demarcation membranes and cell margin extensions. Our study indicates that regulated expression of BclxL in megakaryocytes is important for the development of cells with a high potential to fragment into platelets.
Changes in Oligonucleotide Conformation on Nanoparticle Surfaces by Modification with Mercaptohexanol (2004)

The conformation of thiol-linked oligonucleotides on the surface of Au nanoparticles was controlled by treatment with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH). MCH displaces noncovalent base adsorption to the surface, changing the oligo conformation on the Au surface. By controlling MCH concentration and reaction time, a change in effective size (Deff) of the Au−DNA conjugates and improved hybridization ability was observed, suggesting a reduced nonspecific adsorption of the oligo to the Au.
A Sub-Harmonic Injection-Locked Quadrature Frequency Synthesizer With Frequency Calibration Scheme for Millimeter-Wave TDD Transceivers (2013)

This paper proposes a sub-harmonic injection-locked frequency synthesizer with frequency calibration scheme for millimeter-wave Time-division Duplexing (TDD) transceivers. The proposed synthesizer is capable of supporting all 60 GHz channels (58.1-65 GHz) including channel-bonding defined by 60 GHz wireless standards for short-range high-speed wireless communications. In order to guarantee a robust performance over process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations of the conventional frequency synthesizer, a frequency calibration scheme is proposed to automatically correct a frequency drift of quadrature injection locked oscillators. Implemented by a 65 nm CMOS process, the frequency synthesizer achieves a typical phase noise of -117 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz offset from a carrier frequency of 61.56 GHz while consuming 72 mW from a 1.2 V supply. The calibration system consumes 65 mW additionally.
Invited review combining forecasts—twenty years later (1989)

Abstract The combination of forecasts is a simple, pragmatic and sensible way to possibly produce better forecasts. Simple extensions of the original idea involve the use of various available ‘forecasts’ even if some are rather inefficient. Some unsolved questions relate to combining forecasts with horizons longer than one period. More complicated extensions are associated with ‘encompassing’ and the combination of confidence intervals or quantiles. The relevance of information sets is emphasized in both the underlying theory and the interpretation of combinations.
The Utility of Simulation in Medical Education: What Is the Evidence? (2009)

Medical schools and residencies are currently facing a shift in their teaching paradigm. The increasing amount of medical information and research makes it difficult for medical education to stay current in its curriculum. As patients become increasingly concerned that students and residents are "practicing" on them, clinical medicine is becoming focused more on patient safety and quality than on bedside teaching and education. Educators have faced these challenges by restructuring curricula, developing small-group sessions, and increasing self-directed learning and independent research. Nevertheless, a disconnect still exists between the classroom and the clinical environment. Many students feel that they are inadequately trained in history taking, physical examination, diagnosis, and management. Medical simulation has been proposed as a technique to bridge this educational gap. This article reviews the evidence for the utility of simulation in medical education. We conducted a MEDLINE search of original articles and review articles related to simulation in education with key words such as simulation, mannequin simulator, partial task simulator, graduate medical education, undergraduate medical education, and continuing medical education. Articles, related to undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education were used in the review. One hundred thirteen articles were included in this review. Simulation-based training was demonstrated to lead to clinical improvement in 2 areas of simulation research. Residents trained on laparoscopic surgery simulators showed improvement in procedural performance in the operating room. The other study showed that residents trained on simulators were more likely to adhere to the advanced cardiac life support protocol than those who received standard training for cardiac arrest patients. In other areas of medical training, simulation has been demonstrated to lead to improvements in medical knowledge, comfort in procedures, and improvements in performance during retesting in simulated scenarios. Simulation has also been shown to be a reliable tool for assessing learners and for teaching topics such as teamwork and communication. Only a few studies have shown direct improvements in clinical outcomes from the use of simulation for training. Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of simulation in the teaching of basic science and clinical knowledge, procedural skills, teamwork, and communication as well as assessment at the undergraduate and graduate medical education levels. As simulation becomes increasingly prevalent in medical school and resident education, more studies are needed to see if simulation training improves patient outcomes.
The Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats (2005)

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of naringin and naringenin on endotoxin- induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. EIU was induced in male Lewis rats by a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were injected intravenously with 0.4, 4, or 40 microg/kg naringin or naringenin. Each compound was administered three times, simultaneously, 30 min before and after the actual LPS injection. The aqueous humor was collected 24 h later from both eyes, and the number of cells infiltrating into the aqueous humor and the aqueous humor protein concentration were measured. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Naringin and naringenin suppressed the development of EIU in a dose-dependent fashion. Both treatments with naringin and naringenin produced reductions in PGE2 and NO concentrations in the aqueous humor. In particular, 40 microM/kg of naringin and naringenin suppressed increases in cell count owing to LPS treatment by 31% and 38%, respectively. The possible mechanism for the antiocular inflammatory effect may be the suppression of PGE2 and NO by naringin and naringenin.
3D Bioprinting and In Vitro Cardiovascular Tissue Modeling (2017)

Numerous microfabrication approaches have been developed to recapitulate morphologically and functionally organized tissue microarchitectures in vitro; however, the technical and operational limitations remain to be overcome. 3D printing technology facilitates the building of a construct containing biomaterials and cells in desired organizations and shapes that have physiologically relevant geometry, complexity, and micro-environmental cues. The selection of biomaterials for 3D printing is considered one of the most critical factors to achieve tissue function. It has been reported that some printable biomaterials, having extracellular matrix-like intrinsic microenvironment factors, were capable of regulating stem cell fate and phenotype. In particular, this technology can control the spatial positions of cells, and provide topological, chemical, and complex cues, allowing neovascularization and maturation in the engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review will delineate the state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting techniques in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering and their applications in translational medicine. In addition, this review will describe 3D printing-based pre-vascularization technologies correlated with implementing blood perfusion throughout the engineered tissue equivalent. The described engineering method may offer a unique approach that results in the physiological mimicry of human cardiovascular tissues to aid in drug development and therapeutic approaches.
Chemotactic and chemokinetic activities of stem cell factor on murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (1996)

We investigated the effects of stem cell factor (SCF) on the migration of murine bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in vitro using a modification of the checkerboard assay. Chemotactic and chemokinetic activities of SCF on HPC were evaluated by the numbers of HPC migrated on positive and negative gradients of SCF, respectively. On both positive and negative gradients of SCF, HPC began to migrate after 4 hours incubation, and their numbers then increased time-dependently. These results indicated that SCF functions as a chemotactic and chemokinetic agent for HPC. Analysis of types of colonies derived from the migrated HPC showed that SCF had chemotactic and chemokinetic effects on all types of HPC. When migrating activities of other cytokines were examined, interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-11 also affected the migration of HPC, but the degrees of each effect were lower than that of SCF. The results of the present study demonstrated that SCF is one of the most potent chemotactic and chemokinetic factors for HPC and suggest that SCF may play an important role in the flow of HPC into bone marrow where stromal cells constitutively produce SCF.
Electrically switchable liquid crystal Fresnel lens using UV-modified alignment film (2010)

A simple method to make a switchable liquid crystal (LC) Fresnel lens with high diffraction efficiency and a low driving voltage was proposed based on the photo-induced surface modification of the vertical alignment layer. UV illumination alters the pretilt angle of alignment layers, a Fresnel zone-distribution hybrid alignment in the homeotropic LC cell can be straightforwardly achieved through UV exposure, yielding a concentric structure of the Fresnel phase LC lens. A remarkable diffraction efficiency of ~31.4%, close to the measured diffraction efficiency of the used Fresnel-zone-plate mask of 32%, was detected using a linearly polarized incident beam.
[Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on human alveolar macrophages]. (1995)

Modulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression on alveolar macrophages (AM) may be one of the the basic mechanisms by which AM regulate the course of inflammatory response during pulmonary allograft rejection and infectious processes by mediating macrophage-lymphocyte interactions. As a model for studying anti-inflammatory activity of drugs on AM, we have investigated the effect of fusafungine, a local antibiotic which displays also anti-inflammatory properties, on the regulation of ICAM-1 membrane expression induced in vitro by stimulating AM from lung-transplant recipients. We have studied ICAM-1 membrane expression by immunocytofluorometric analysis using the anti-CD54 monoclonal antibody. The ICAM-1 molecule was expressed on 10 to 47% of freshly isolated AM, depending on the clinical status of the patients. After 24 hr cultivation with 250 U/ml gamma-IFN, the percentage of ICAM-1+ AM s increased to more than 90%. When added with the stimulating agent, fusafungine could inhibit the induction of ICAM-1 membrane expression, up to 90% of inhibition at 8 microgram/ml. However, once ICAM-1 was induced after 24 hr cultivation upon stimulation, fusafungine could not afford any reversion. On going investigations on mRNA for ICAM-1 should indicate whether fusafungine acts at the transcriptional level. These results clearly demonstrate the capacity of fusafungine to down-regulate ICAM-1 expression on AM upon activation. This approach could represent a useful tool for in vitro study of drug efficacy upon inflammatory processes of the respiratory mucasa.
Development of the irregular pulse detection method in daily life using wearable photoplethysmographic sensor (2009)

We developed an arrhythmic pulse detection algorithm from photoplethysmography (PPG) measured in daily life using a wearable PPG sensor, in order to provide a simpler device than a Holter electrocardiograph (ECG). However, PPG is very sensitive to artifacts in daily life, e.g. body movement. First, we analyzed the correlation between the ECG and the PPG measured at the same time when the arrhythmic heartbeat occurred in daily life. Using the correlation characteristics, we developed a detection algorithm of the arrhythmic pulse to distinguish the artifacts ascribable to body movement and evaluated its accuracy. The algorithm detects pulse-to-pulse interval (PPI) and pulse amplitude by a beat to distinguish between irregular PPI by arrhythmic pulse and that by the artifact.
Split spectrum processing for enhanced detection of the ultrasonic echo of a moving target in biological tissues (1993)

This paper describes a biological application for split spectrum processing (SSP). The ultrasonic control of cryosurgery has been reported previously. It was demonstrated chat the echo of the advancing freezing front could be detected during a freeze-thaw cycle. However, the speckle noise can mask the target signal, leading to difficulties in its detection. In this study, a SSP algorithm with a minimisation technique was implemented and compared to linear bandpass filtering. The optimum set of processing parameters for SSP (half-power bandwidth and number of filters, location of the bank of bandpass filters) and for linear filtering (half-power bandwidth and centre frequency) were determined experimentally. Both filtering techniques were successful in locating the target. However, optimum SNR enhancement and axial resolution were achieved with the non-linear minimisation algorithm, which permits rapid and automatic detection of the moving freezing front during cryosurgery
State of the Art in Digital Mammographic Image Analysis (1994)

This book provides a detailed assessment of the state of the art in automated techniques for the analysis of digital mammogram images. Topics covered include a variety of approaches for image processing and pattern recognition aimed at assisting the physician in the task of detecting tumours from evidence in mammogram images. The chapters are written by experts in the field and are revised versions of papers selected from those presented at the First International Workshop on Mammogram Image Analysis held in San Jose as part of the 1993 Biomedical Image Processing conference.
Modeling and Identification of Elastic Robot Joints With Hysteresis and Backlash (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach to the modeling and identification of elastic robot joints with hysteresis and backlash. The model captures the dynamic behavior of a rigid robotic manipulator with elastic joints. The model includes electromechanical submodels of the motor and gear from which the relationship between the applied torque and the joint torsion is identified. The friction behavior in both presliding and sliding regimes is captured by generalized Maxwell-slip model. The hysteresis is described by a Preisach operator. The distributed model parameters are identified from experimental data obtained from internal system signals and external angular encoder mounted to the second joint of a 6-DOF industrial robot. The validity of the identified model is confirmed by the agreement of its prediction with independent experimental data not previously used for model identification. The obtained models open an avenue for future advanced high-precision control of robotic manipulator dynamics.
Photophysical Properties of Hydroxy-Substituted Flavothiones (2000)

Flavothione and a number of synthesized hydroxy- (mono- and di-) substituted flavothiones have been thoroughly examined, particularly regarding their absorption, emission, photophysical (triplet yields and lifetimes), and oxygen-photosensitizing characteristics. These were all studied as a function of the nature of the solvent (four), which was particularly critical in terms of aiding in determining the energy and configurational nature of the lowest triplet state as well as the mechanism of intersystem crossing. Theoretical calculations were also performed. Both the location and number of hydroxyl groups have a substantial impact on the nature of the lowest excited triplet state as well as on the relative location of the two lowest excited singlet and triplet states. These in turn affect the magnitude and even the existence of triplet-state occupation as well as the ability to sensitize oxygen (to singlet oxygen). Three groups of compounds exist as characterized by the configurational nature of the triplet and the mechanism of intersystem crossing, or the essential absence of intersystem crossing altogether. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation is high for one group where the T(π, π*) state is lowest and generally high in another group where the T(n, π*) state is lowest, except in ethanol where competitive H-atom abstraction occurs. The potential of all hydroxy compounds as photosensitizers is evaluated.
Methodologies for the characterization of microbes in industrial environments: a review (2003)

There is growing interest in research and development to develop novel tools to study, detect, and characterize microbes and their communities in industrial environments. However, knowledge about their validity in practical industrial use is still scarce. This review describes the advantages and limitations of traditional and molecular methods used for biofilm and/or planktonic cell studies, especially those performed with Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and/or Clostridium perfringens. In addition, the review addresses the importance of isolating the microorganisms from the industrial environment and the possibilities and future prospects for exploiting the described methods in the industrial environment.
Extensible markup languages and traditional abstracting and indexing strategies (2001)

Object oriented coding languages are used to more accurately label and search for content embedded in electronic texts. An object can be a graphic, a row of specific data housed in a table, a written text, or any other piece of information that conveys meaning. XML, XLink and RDF are second-generation object-oriented coding languages and tools derived from SGML. I illustrate how these object-oriented languages can effectively deploy the indexing techniques and systems traditionally used by information professionals.
Power electronics primer (1992)

The functioning of power circuits is explained by considering the need to supply a load with an AC voltage waveform when the source of power is a DC voltage source. Another example of a power circuit's possible form, arising from the need to provide an automobile's microprocessor control unit with a regulated 5 V/sub DC/ from a battery whose voltage varies around 12 V/sub DC/, is examined. Supporting techniques are reviewed. The evolution of high-frequency, high-density power supplies is summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A sensor based on silicon technology for turbulence measurements (1989)

A very small and highly sensitive flow velocity sensor has been designed and fabricated using silicon microelectronic technology. To determine the performance of this silicon sensor, comparisons with a conventional hot-wire sensor were made in a well defined two-dimensional turbulent flat-plate boundary layer at a constant Reynolds number of 4.2*10 6 . The silicon sensor was found to have spatial and frequency resolutions that make it suitable for turbulence measurements. In the investigated flow field the new silicon sensor measures profiles of the mean velocity and the turbulence intensity with the same accuracy as the hot wire.
Characteristics of the aroma constitution found in native China black teas. (1983)

In previous papers,1 ~4) the author has reported that a typical difference in the contents of linalool and geraniol was observed in the volatile oil of black teas madefrom cultivars of V. assamica (Sri Lanka tea and Assam tea) and hybrids of V. assamica & sinensis (Darjeeling tea and
Accurate data reconstruction through simultaneous application of statistical and physics-based constraints to multiple geophysical data sets (2010)

Abstract Insufficient sampling is a key problem that affects seismic data-processing techniques. Although existing interpolation methods can fill in large gaps in the data under certain assumptions, their performance degrades as shot and receiver sampling becomes coarser. Most existing data-interpolation techniques overcome insufficient sampling by making assumptions regarding either the statistical properties of the data or the physics that explain the data. Recognizing that statistical and physics-based constraints can be expressed as convex sets, we propose overcoming some of the deficiencies of existing methods by incorporating multiple types of prior information and equations describing the mapping between different types of data into a mathematically consistent framework based on the projection onto convex sets (POCS) methodology. The proposed method is easy to implement in practice because it relies only upon the iterative application of projection operators (e.g., soft thresholding). At the same time, full advantage of various forms of prior information can be taken. Using a synthetic example of combining conventional streamer and ocean-bottom–cable (OBC) data, we show that our method provides substantial improvement compared to using statistical assumptions alone. Other potential applications include data reconstruction in the case of over-under streamer acquisition, dual-sensor streamer acquisition, multi-azimuth surveys, and vertical seismic profiling.