gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for platelet compatibility testing (1983)

Abstract The selection of platelet donors for patients who are refractory to random donor platelets often presents a difficult clinical problem. We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evaluating alloantibodies in refractory patients. Platelets from prospective donors are immobilized on microtiter plates and, after incubation with test serum and washing, platelet-bound IgG is detected with enzyme- linked anti-human IgG. Platelets from 46 prospective donors were tested. Twenty-two were judged compatible (reciprocal of the antibody titer less than 16) and, of these, 15 were used as platelet donors; each gave a measurable platelet increment after transfusion. The magnitude of the response was roughly proportional to the assay results. Platelets from donors giving antibody titers less than 4 resulted in platelet increments at 1 hr ranging from 4,890 to 22,200 (median 12,600), while platelets from donors giving titers of 8 or 16 resulted in lesser increments (550–4548). Conversely, 5 of the 24 patients found incompatible by the assay (titer greater than 16) gave no platelet increment, and in 3 instances, the recipient developed fever and chills after the transfusion. The assay is sensitive, simple, and adaptable to the clinical laboratory. Platelets from volunteer donor panels can be plated and stored for up to 6 mo.
Differential antinociceptive effects of morphine and methylmorphine in the formalin test (1992)

The antinociceptive activities of morphine, and its quaternary analogue methylmorphine, have been compared after intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular administrations in the mouse paw formalin test. Systemic morphine inhibited both the early and late phases of the formalin-induced licking response and this activity was naloxone sensitive. In contrast, systemic methylmorphine inhibited only the late phase, and this activity was blocked by pre-treatment with methylnaloxone. Central administration of either morphine or methylmorphine inhibited the early phase of the licking response partially and the late phase completely. Systemic naloxone inhibited the central action of both opioids, whilst systemic methylnaloxone did not affect the central action of methylmorphine. The results indicate that the early phase of the response to formalin in the mouse may be inhibited by stimulation of central opioid receptors whilst inhibition of the late phase may involve both peripheral and central opioid receptors.
MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (1998)

1. Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, but it is also a potent neurotoxin. Following release of glutamate from presynaptic vesicles into the synapse and activation of a variety of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, glutamate is removed from the synapse. This is achieved through active uptake of glutamate by transporters located pre- and also post-synaptically or, alternatively, glutamate can diffuse out of the synapse and be taken up by transporters located on the cell surface of glial cells. 2. Complementary DNA encoding a number of glutamate transporters have recently been cloned and form a family of structurally related membrane proteins with a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation. Expression of the cloned glutamate transporters in various cell types has aided in the characterization of the functional properties of the different transporter subtypes. 3. Glutamate transport is coupled to sodium, potassium and pH gradients across the cell membrane creating an electrogenic process. This allows transport to be measured using electrophysiological techniques, which has greatly aided in understanding some of the basic mechanisms of the transport process and has also allowed a detailed understanding of the molecular pharmacology of the different transporter subtypes. 4. In the present review I shall discuss some of the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis for glutamate transporter function and then highlight some of the unanswered questions concerning the physiological roles of these proteins and suggest possible strategies for pharmacological manipulation of transporters for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Can Development Studies be Development Education (2002)

This paper draws a distinction between development studies and development education. It argues that, unlike the academic discipline of development studies, development education arose from a recognition of a need for informed action on the part of those in the "developed" world beyond merely raising money for the provision of aid. This paper then outlines the result of a decision, in response to the recurring student question "what can we do about it?", to include in 2002 a development education project in an undergraduate course in Development Studies at the University of Canterbury. It raises the question of whether there is room for genuine development education within the confines of an academic degree programme.
Distribution of mRNA for VIP and PACAP receptors in human cerebral arteries and cranial ganglia (2002)

The distribution of mRNA for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 (PAC1) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) types 1 and 2 (VPAC1 and VPAC2, respectively) receptors was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in human cerebral arteries and in trigeminal, otic, sphenopalatine and superior cervical ganglia. RT-PCR products of the expected sizes were detected in the arteries, in both the presence and absence of endothelium. In the majority (80%) of the trigeminal, otic and superior cervical ganglia, mRNA for all three receptors were found (n = 5). However, in the sphenopalatine ganglion neither VPAC2 nor PAC1 was detected (n = 2). This finding indicates the occurrence of both prejunctional (ganglia) and postjunctional (vessels) location of VIP and PACAP receptors.
High capacity neural networks far familiarity discrimination (1999)

This paper presents two new novelty discrimination models for uncorrelated patterns based on neural modelling. The first model uses a single neuron with Hebbian learning and works well when the number of memorised patterns is less than 0.046N (N, the number of inputs). The second model is based on checking the value of the energy function of a Hopfield network. By sacrificing the ability to extract patterns - not needed for familiarity detection - an amazing jump from the normal capacity for retrieval of 0.145N to a capacity for novelty discrimination of 0.023N2 is achieved. In addition, both models give some insight on the effect of deja vu, since there is always a very small probability of detecting novel patterns as familiar.
ABS: a database of Annotated regulatory Binding Sites from orthologous promoters (2005)

Information about the genomic coordinates and the sequence of experimentally identified transcription factor binding sites is found scattered under a variety of diverse formats. The availability of standard collections of such high-quality data is important to design, evaluate and improve novel computational approaches to identify binding motifs on promoter sequences from related genes. ABS (http://genome.imim.es/datasets/abs2005/index.html) is a public database of known binding sites identified in promoters of orthologous vertebrate genes that have been manually curated from bibliography. We have annotated 650 experimental binding sites from 68 transcription factors and 100 orthologous target genes in human, mouse, rat or chicken genome sequences. Computational predictions and promoter alignment information are also provided for each entry. A simple and easy-to-use web interface facilitates data retrieval allowing different views of the information. In addition, the release 1.0 of ABS includes a customizable generator of artificial datasets based on the known sites contained in the collection and an evaluation tool to aid during the training and the assessment of motif-finding programs.
Heterosis Is Prevalent for Multiple Traits in Diverse Maize Germplasm (2009)

The ability to predict heterosis levels using inbred phenotype or genetic distance between the parents varied for the different traits. For some traits it is possible to explain a significant proportion of the heterosis variation using linear modeling while other traits are more difficult to predict.
Broadband Return Systems for Cable TV Networks (1997)

From the Publisher:
This is the first complete guide to designing and deploying two-way cable systems that support tomorrow's most exciting applications. For cable operators, it delivers a complete primer on two-way services, capacity and equipment planning, performance analysis setup, and maintenance. System designers will gain an in-depth understanding of equipment requirements for the headend, distribution system, and home. They will learn how to future-proof the network by making architectural and design choices that allow for cost-effective growth. For equipment designer, this book provides in-depth coverage of both performance requirements and the technical characteristics of the return path.
The synthesis of compounds with potential anti-folic acid activity. Part IV. 3 : 6-Diaminopyrido(2 : 3)pyrazines (1955)

T. S. Osdene and G. M. Timmis, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 2032 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550002032
Loss of cyclin D2 expression in the majority of breast cancers is associated with promoter hypermethylation. (2001)

Cyclin D2 is a member of the D-type cyclins, implicated in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and malignant transformation. It was noted previously that cyclin D2 is not expressed in the majority of breast cancer cell lines, whereas abundant expression was detected in finite life span human mammary epithelial cells. By reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis, we extended this finding to primary breast carcinomas and show that the majority of these tumors lack expression of cyclin D2 mRNA (18 of 24) and protein (10 of 13). In contrast, both luminal and myoepithelial subpopulations of normal breast tissues expressed cyclin D2. Hypermethylation of the CpG island in the promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR in nearly half of the breast cancers (49 of 106) and was associated with silencing of cyclin D2 gene expression. Promoter hypermethylation was also detected in ductal carcinoma in situ, suggesting that loss of cyclin D2 expression is an early event in tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that loss of cyclin D2 expression is associated with the evolution of breast cancer.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibition: Opportunities and Challenges (2003)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been implicated as one of the key negative regulators of insulin and leptin signal transduction pathways. PTP1B deficient mice are more sensitive to insulin, and have improved glycemic control and resistance to diet-induced obesity than the wild-type control mice. Inhibiting PTP1B action using antisense oligonucleotides and small molecule inhibitors represents novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and obesity. The rapid development of this field is evidenced by the increasing number of patents and publications in recent years. This review will highlight the recent advances in various approaches for attenuating PTP1B action, particularly small molecule PTP1B inhibitors, and the challenges associated with developing PTP1B inhibitors with drug like properties.
Abstract 4024: Epigenetic priming potentiates immune checkpoints inhibitors in ovarian cancer (2016)

Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) progression is accompanied by the establishment of stable and transcriptionally repressive epigenetic modifications. An important mechanism of immune evasion is represented by epigenetic silencing of tumor antigens (NY-ESO-1, Muc16 and MAGE). We hypothesize that by reversing DNA methylation, DNA methyl transferase inhibitors (DNMTIs) restore the expression of such antigens, potentiating anti-tumor immune response. The targeting of immune checkpoints regulated by programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1) signaling represents a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer, including in OC. Here we set out to measure the anti-tumor effects of epigenetic priming in combination with PD-1/PDL-1 blockade in OC preclinical models. Methods: The ID8 intraperitoneal (ip) immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model was used to measure the effects of the novel DNMTI guadecitabine (SGI-110, Astex Pharmaceuticals Inc) and PDL1 blockade. The experimental groups consisted of non-specific IgG (control), guadecitabine 2mg/m2 sq bi-weekly, murine anti-PDL1 inhibitory antibody (10mg/kg) bi-weekly and combination of guadecitabine with anti-PDL1 antibody (n = 6 mice/group, 3 week treatment). Immune cells collected from the ascites and spleens of tumor bearing mice were either directly processed or co-cultured with ID8 cells for 48 hours. Cells were immuno-phenotyped by flow cytometry. In OC cells treated with guadecitabine, changes in gene expression were analyzed by real time-PCR. Results: In ID8 tumors bearing mice, the combination of PDL1 blockade with guadecitabine significantly decreased primary tumor formation (P&lt;0.05) and malignant ascites accumulation (P&lt;0.0001) compared with the control group. Treatments were well tolerated without detectable weight changes attributable to toxicity. CD8+ cell fractions expressing the exhaustion markers (PD1+ or CTL4+) isolated from the ascites and spleens of control mice were diminished by guadecitabine, PD-L1 inhibitory antibody, and the combination treatment. Guadecitabine and the combination regimen increased CD8+/MHC1+ and CD8+/CD40+ cell populations. Treatment with DNMTIs significantly increased the expression of tumor antigens Muc16, Mage A2, A11, and NY-ESO 1 (p&lt;0.01) in several OC cell lines. Conclusions: Guadecitabine in combination with anti-PDL1 antibody induced striking anti-tumor effects in an immunocompetent OC syngeneic model by activating cytotoxic T-cells. These data support clinical strategies utilizing epigenetic priming using DNMTI in combination with immune checkpoints inhibitors. Citation Format: Yu Qing, Salvatore Condello, Katie J. Meyer, Andrea Caperell-Grant, Kenneth P. Nephew, Daniela Matei. Epigenetic priming potentiates immune checkpoints inhibitors in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4024.
NMR-based methods and strategies for drug discovery (2003)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has long been a favourite tool of chemists interested in host–guest systems because it permits access to a wealth of information about the molecular recognition reaction. NMR has evolved dramatically in the last 15 years and, in parallel with the development of NMR methods for the determination of protein structure, a variety of tools aimed at detecting protein ligand interactions have been proposed and are being now used both in industrial and academic laboratories as valuable tools for structure-based drug discovery. Very recent developments have considerably increased the fraction of therapeutic targets that can be tackled by NMR and significantly reduced the amount of sample required for analysis; in this tutorial review we outline the essential NMR-based techniques and describe some examples of their implementation as part of drug discovery programmes.
A study of using STT-MRAM as Memory PUF: Design, Modeling and Quality Evaluation (2015)

The contribution of the present thesis work is to offer an extensive analysis and new methodologies and guidelines on the use of Magnetic Memory (MRAM), in its most advanced, recent and performing flavor (STT-MRAM) as a tool to realize a unique and unclonable binary signature out of a magnetic memory chip, eventually implanted as a part of a more complex digital system device, providing then a low-cost and robust tool to generate a signature out of each of the devices of a given manufactured production lot.\nThe need of generating a signature comes from the new dictations of Hardware Security field, a set of practices and rules devised to fight intellectual property theft and electronic chips piracy. The technique used to apply these principles to magnetic memory is called Physically Unclonable Function, or PUF for short.
Perfusion assessment with bolus differentiation: A technique applicable to hyperpolarized tracers (2004)

A new technique for assessing tissue blood flow using hyperpolarized tracers, based on the fact that the magnetization of a hyperpolarized substance can be destroyed permanently, is described. Assessments of blood flow with this technique are inherently insensitive to arterial delay and dispersion, and allow for quantification of the transit time and dispersion in the arteries that supply the investigated tissue. Renal cortical blood flow was studied in six rabbits using a 13C-labeled compound (2-hydroxyethylacrylate) that was polarized by the parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique. The renal cortical blood flow was estimated to be 5.7/5.4 +/- 1.6/1.3 ml/min per milliliter of tissue (mean +/- SD, right/left kidney), and the mean transit time and dispersion in the renal arteries were determined to be 1.47/1.42 +/- 0.07/0.07 s and 1.78/1.93 +/- 0.40/0.42 s2, respectively.
MLH1 mediates PARP-dependent cell death in response to the methylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (2009)

These novel data indicate an important role for MLH1 in signalling PARP-dependent cell death in response to the methylating agent MNU.
Das Wesen des Staates im deutschen Mittelalter (1941)

Article Das Wesen des Staates im deutschen Mittelalter was published on August 1, 1941 in the journal Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung (volume 61, issue 1).
New horizons for in vitro spermatogenesis? An update on novel three-dimensional culture systems as tools for meiotic and post-meiotic differentiation of testicular germ cells (2009)

Culture and differentiation of male germ cells has been performed for various purposes in the past. To date, none of the studies aimed at in vitro spermatogenesis has resulted in a sufficient number of mature gametes. Numerous studies have revealed worthy pieces of information, building up a body of information on conditions that are required to maintain and mature male germ cells in vitro. In this review, we report on previously published and unpublished experiments addressing murine germ cell differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems. In a systematic set of experiments, we examined the influence of two different matrices (soft agar and methylcellulose) as well as the need for gonadotrophin support. For the first time, we demonstrate that pre-meiotic male germ cells [revealed by the absence of meiotic marker expression (e.g. Boule)] obtained from immature mice pass through meiosis in vitro. After several weeks of culture, we obtained morphologically normal spermatozoa embedded in the matrix substance. Complete maturation relied on support from somatic testicular cells and the presence of gonadotrophins but appeared independent from the matrix in a 3D culture environment. Further research efforts are required to reveal the applicability of this culture technique for human germ cells and the functionality of the spermatozoa for generating offspring.
Effect of Low-Dose Gamma Radiation to Enhance Germination Rate in Bottle Gourd and Pumpkin Seeds (2002)

참박과 호박 채종종자의 발아율을 증진시킬 수 있는 종자처리 방법을 확립하고자 저선량 감마선을 1<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>20 Gy 까지 조사하여 발아와 초기생육 및 생리활성을 관찰하였다. 저선량 조사한 참박과 호박종자의 발아율은 대조구보다 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 그 효과는 종자상태에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 참박 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% 발아율종자의 발아는 4<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>20 Gy에서 증가하였는데 특히 4 Gy조사에서 가장 높았고, 80<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>90% 발아율종자도 4 Gy 조사에서 효과를 보였다. 파종 4일 후의 발아율은 참박 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80%와 80<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>90% 발아율 종자의 경우는 4 Gy조사에서 대조구보다 각각 66%와 26% 증가하였고, 호박의 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% 발아율종자는 2 Gy 조사에서, 80<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>90% 발아율종자는 8 Gy 조사에서 향상되었다. 저선량 조사한 유묘생육은 발아율이 증가한 선량에서 증가하였는데 특히 호박 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% 종자의 2 Gy 조사에서 가장 높았다. 파종 6일 후에 조사한 참박의 효소활성은 4 Gy 조사시에 단백질과 catalase 활성이, 호박의 경우는 catalase와 peroxidase 활성이 2 Gy와 8 Gy 조사에서 증가하였다. 참박과 호박종자의 발아와 유묘생육 및 생리활성은 저선량 감마선 조사에 의해 촉진됨을 확인할 수 있었다. To establish the seed treatment method of the gamma radiation for germination enhancement of bottle gourd(Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) and pumpkin(Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche), seeds were irradiated with the dose of 1<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>20 Gy of the gamma radiation. The germination rate in irradiated group was higher than that of the control, depending on seed condition. In the case of bottle gourd, the germination rate of 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% germinative seed was increased at 4<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>20 Gy irradiated groups. Especially, it was the highest at 4 Gy irradiated group. The germination rate of 80<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>90% germinative seed was the highest at 4 Gy irradiated group. The germination rate of 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% and 80<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>90% germinative seed at 4 days after sowing was increased 66% and 26% at 4 Gy irradiated group, respectively. In the case of pumpkin, the germination rate of 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% and 80<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>90% germinative seed was increased at 2 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated group, respectively. Effect of the low-dose gamma radiation on the early growth was enhanced depending on their germination enhancement. Especially, it was the highest at 2 Gy irradiated group of 70<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>80% germinative seed of pumpkin. Catalase activity of bottle gourd was increased at 4 Gy irradiated group. Catalase and peroxidase activity of pumpkin were increased at 2 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated group. These results suggest that the germination, early growth and physiological activity of bottle gourd and pumpkin seeds could be promoted by the low dose gamma radiation.
A Three-Phase Grid Tied SPV System With Adaptive DC Link Voltage for CPI Voltage Variations (2015)

This paper deals with a three-phase two-stage grid tied SPV (solar photo-voltaic) system. The first stage is a boost converter, which serves the purpose of MPPT (maximum power point tracking) and feeding the extracted solar energy to the DC link of the PV inverter, whereas the second stage is a two-level VSC (voltage source converter) serving as PV inverter which feeds power from a boost converter into the grid. The proposed system uses an adaptive DC link voltage which is made adaptive by adjusting reference DC link voltage according to CPI (common point of interconnection) voltage. The adaptive DC link voltage control helps in the reduction of switching power losses. A feed forward term for solar contribution is used to improve the dynamic response. The system is tested considering realistic grid voltage variations for under voltage and over voltage. The performance improvement is verified experimentally. The proposed system is advantageous not only in cases of frequent and sustained under voltage (as in the cases of far radial ends of Indian grid) but also in case of normal voltages at CPI. The THD (total harmonics distortion) of grid current has been found well under the limit of an IEEE-519 standard.