gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary Continence (1990)

Each of the three components of the continence mechanism, that is, proximal urethral support, internal sphincter activity, and external sphincter function, contributes to continence. Any one alone may not be able to keep a patient dry. The pressures generated during a cough may easily overcome the internal and external sphincters closing powers, and the normal supportive mechanism works in such a way as to increase closure during increases in abdominal pressure. Normal support, conversely, is not sufficient in and of itself to maintain continence, and must have sufficient resting sphincteric activity to be effective. When one element is abnormal, the other mechanisms may be able to compensate and maintain continence. It is because there are these several interdependent parts of the continence mechanism that no single urodynamic parameter is predictive of stress continence. Each different etiologic type of stress incontinence reflects the malfunction of an anatomic component of the sphincteric mechanism. Therefore, a knowledge of this mechanism's structure is fundamental to an understanding of this common clinical problem. Technologic advances in assessment of the lower urinary tract have made the separation of different types of stress incontinence possible. The further realization that each type requires different treatment has made the distinctions between these clinically important entities.
Validation and Automatic Tuning of Integrated Reservoir and Surface Pipeline Network Models (1999)

Abstract We describe a procedure which has been developed and implemented in a commercial reservoir simulation package for validating and automatic tuning of integrated reservoir and surface pipeline network models. The procedure has been designed to automatically history match well tubing string and surface pipeline network modules in an integrated model. Differences between simulation results and field measurements of well bottomhole pressure, well tubinghead pressure, flow line inlet and outlet pressures, as well as well production rates in a specified tuning time interval are minimized. The simulation parameters describing well perforations, well tubing strings, and pipelines are adjusted within specified ranges to achieve the minimization. The developed procedure has been successfully applied to automatically tuning integrated reservoir and facility models of oil fields in the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska. Significant reductions in the history matching errors demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure. The developed procedure is very general: it can be applied to a large variety of reservoir simulation problems.
Metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiovascular collapse after prolonged propofol infusion (2001)

The authors present the hospital course of a 13-year-old girl with a closed head injury who received a prolonged infusion of propofol for sedation and, subsequently, died as a result of severe metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiovascular collapse. The patient had been treated for 4 days at a referring hospital for a severe closed head injury sustained in a fall from a bicycle. During treatment for elevations of intracranial pressure, she received a continuous propofol infusion (100 microg/kg/min). The patient began to exhibit severe high anion gap/low lactate metabolic acidosis, and was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit at the authors' institution. On arrival there, the patient's Glasgow Coma Scale score was 3 and this remained unchanged during her brief stay. The severe metabolic acidosis was unresponsive to maximum therapy. Acute renal failure ensued as a result of rhabdomyolysis, and myocardial dysfunction with bizarre, wide QRS complexes developed without hyperkalemia. The patient died of myocardial collapse with severe metabolic acidosis and multisystem organ failure (involving renal, hepatic, and cardiac systems) approximately 15 hours after admission to the authors' institution. This patient represents another case of severe metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiovascular collapse observed after a prolonged propofol infusion in a pediatric patient. The authors suggest selection of other pharmacological agents for long-term sedation in pediatric patients.
An outbreak of carbapenem-resistant OXA-48 – producing Klebsiella pneumonia associated to duodenoscopy (2015)

Though the outbreak strain was also disseminated to patients who did not undergo ERCP and environmental sources or medical personnel also contributed to the outbreak, the gut of colonized patients is the main source for CPE. Therefore, accurate and stringent reprocessing of endoscopic instruments is extremely important, which is especially true for more complex instruments like the duodenoscope (TJF Q180V series) involved in the outbreak described here.
High-temperature processing of cuprate oxide superconductors (1988)

Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (‘‘123’’) films were fabricated on the Y2BaCuO5 (‘‘211’’) phase substrate. The superconducting characteristics of these films, in terms of superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and width, are better than those using other oxide compounds as substrates. In addition, using high-temperature processing, the bulk 211 phase was converted into the 123 phase. A new high Tc copper oxide material with non-rare-earth elements (Bi-Sr-Cu-O) was prepared using similar high-temperature processing. High-temperature processing presents an alternative synthetic route in the search of new high Tc superconductors.
Development of a Hybrid Bioartificial Liver (1993)

Plasma perfusion through a system consisting of a charcoal column and matrix-attached porcine hepatocytes had significant beneficial effects in animals with liver failure and was well tolerated by a patient with liver failure.
The history of peripheral intravenous catheters: how little plastic tubes revolutionized medicine. (2005)

Ambrose Pare, who stopped the practice of pouring boiling oil into gunshot wounds, were to return today, what would impress him most about the evolution of medicine ? We might suggest three achievements : our ability to look into any corner of the body using imaging and scoping techniques, the vast range and specificity of drugs in our current armamentarium and the omnipresence of tubes. Yes, tubes ! Nearly every hospital patient Pare would encounter would have a tube lodged in a vein, and much of the success of the first two technologies could be ascribed to these little plastic devices which have quietly revolutionized medicine. This paper will tell the story of this revolution, beginning with the fledgling attempts to exchange blood between persons in the Middle Ages through to the plastic devices of today which, in addition to delivering therapy, now protect patients from adverse events and users from bloodborne pathogens. In a follow-up paper (31) we will explore the procedures for using these devices and will suggest guidelines for best practices.
High efficiency current mode control for three-phase micro-inverters (2012)

Three-phase micro-inverters are critical to the success of AC modules in Mega Watt PV farms. A high performance micro-inverter must have high power density, high reliability, and low cost. Boundary Current Mode (BCM), Variable Hysteresis Current Mode (VHCM), and Constant Hysteresis Current Mode (CHCM) are derived from a proposed softswitching current mode control scheme which is based on the general half-bridge three-phase inverter topology. The frequency range and switch losses are compared and discussed. The VHCM has the highest efficiency at over 97.6%, while the CHCM has the narrowest frequency range. A hybrid control platform combining analog and logic units with DSP was designed and built to achieve the high-speed peak current control. A high frequency, high efficiency, and high power density micro-inverter was built for experimentation. The experimental results verify that the proposed control scheme is a promising solution for high performance three-phase micro-inverters.
Potential benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on cognitive health (2012)

The purpose of this review was to update available knowledge on the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive decline, risk of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and to analyse the reasons for some inconsistent results across studies. The traditional MeDi has been recognised by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This dietary pattern is characterised by a high consumption of plant foods (i.e. vegetables, fruits, legumes and cereals), a high intake of olive oil as the main source of fat, a moderate intake of fish, low-to-moderate intake of dairy products and low consumption of meat and poultry, with wine consumed in low-to-moderate amounts during meals. Beyond the well-known association between higher adherence to the MeDi and lower risk of mortality, in particular from CVD and cancer, new data from large epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between MeDi adherence and cognitive decline or risk of dementia. However, some inconsistent results have been found as well, even in Mediterranean countries. In this review, we analyse the reasons likely to explain these discrepancies, and propose that most of these differences are due to variations in the methodology used to assess MeDi adherence. We also discuss the possibility of residual confounding by lifestyle, that is, greater adherents to the MeDi also have a healthier lifestyle in general, which can favourably affect cognition. In conclusion, large-scale studies in various populations with common methodology are required before considering the MeDi as an optimal dietary strategy to prevent cognitive decline or dementia.
Über Lactame, Peptide und cyclische Peptide. II. Neue Peptidsynthese unter Verwendung von semicyclischen Amidin‐Carbonsäuren. I. Herstellung von N‐(∈‐Amino‐Caproyl)‐∈‐Amino‐Capron‐säure und Polycaprolactam. Neue Daten zum Mechanismus der Polycaprolactam‐Bildung in Gegenwart von Wasser, Amino‐Carbonsäuren und Aminsalzen (1964)

Abstract N‐[1‐Aza‐cyclohepten‐(1)‐yl‐(2)]‐ε‐amino‐capronsäure(III) In Wasser hydrolysiert bei 100° schnell auf N‐(ε‐Amino‐caproyl)‐ε‐Capronsäure (IV), ε‐Amino‐capronsäure (II) und ε‐Caprolactam (V). Aus III konnten in Gegenwart von wenig Wasser bei 256° in einigen Stunden schon spinnbares Polycaprolactam hergestellt werden. Es wurde in diesem Zusammenhang erörtert, daß bei der aus V und Amino‐carbonsäuren bzw. Aminsalze ausgehende Polycaprolactam‐Bildung als Zwischenprodukte semicyclische Amidin‐carbonsäuren bzw. Amidinsalze entstehen, welche mit Wasser teilweise zu einem Baustein [—NH—(CH 2 ) 5 —CO—] größerer Amino‐carbonsäuren bzw. Aminsalzen hydrolysieren. Dadurch konnten wir zur Mechanismus‐Erklärung der Polycaprolactam‐Bildung, wie die „Amidaustauschreaktion”︁ („Umamidierung”︁) im einzelnen vor sich geht, die fehlenden Daten bringen. Weiterhin wurde eine neue Nomenklatur für das „Perlon‐Gebiet”︁ empfohlen.
Engineering Folate–Drug Conjugates to Target Cancer: From Chemistry to Clinic (2012)

The folate receptor (FR) is a potentially useful biological target for the management of many human cancers. This membrane protein binds extracellular folates with very high affinity and, through an endocytic process, physically delivers them inside the cell for biological consumption. There are now many examples of how this physiological system can be exploited for the targeted delivery of biologically active molecules to cancer. In fact, strong preclinical as well as emerging clinical evidence exists showing how FR-positive cancers can be (i) anatomically identified using folate conjugates of radiodiagnostic imaging agents and (ii) effectively treated with companion folate-targeted chemotherapies. While the biological results are compelling, it is of equal importance to understand the conjugation chemistries that were developed to produce these active molecules. Therefore, this review will focus on the methods utilized to construct folate-based small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs), with particular attention focused on modular design, hydrophilic spacers, and self-immolative linkers.
Increased low-temperature damping in yttrium iron garnet thin films (2017)

We report measurements of the frequency and temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) for a 15-nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film grown by off-axis sputtering. Although the FMR linewidth is narrow at room temperature [corresponding to a damping coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}=(9.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}]$, comparable to previous results for high-quality YIG films of similar thickness, the linewidth increases strongly at low temperatures, by a factor of almost 30. This increase cannot be explained as due to two-magnon scattering from defects at the sample interfaces. We point out that the increased low-temperature linewidth can be explained by impurity relaxation mechanisms that were elucidated 50 years ago in bulk YIG samples. High-purity starting materials and careful optimization of growth protocols to avoid nonstoichiometries should therefore be employed for making low-temperature thin-film YIG devices.
Effects of short-term administration of sex hormones on normal and autoimmune mice. (1985)

The effects of short-term administration (2 to 4 wk) of sex hormones on the immune system of normal (C57BL/6) and autoimmune (C57BL/6-lpr, C3H/lpr, B/W) strains of mice were investigated. Both estrogen (E2) and testosterone (Te) had significant effects on the numbers of T and B cells as well as on the density of cell surface antigens as demonstrated by flow cytometry. For example, Te depleted Thy-1.2+ thymocytes in normal mice and brought about a shift to lower density cells. Lyt-2+ cells appeared to be the main target cells of hormonal modulation in normal and autoimmune mice. Both sex hormones significantly depleted these cells in the thymus but had differential effects in the peripheral lymphoid organs, particularly in the spleen. In general, E2 depleted Lyt-2+ cells, whereas Te increased or maintained this subpopulation of cells in spleen and lymph nodes. Similarly, the suppressor cell activity and IL 2 production on a per cell basis in E2-treated animals was diminished, whereas Te-treated animals had normal or enhanced activity. The relevance of these findings to differential sex susceptibility in autoimmune diseases is discussed.
The architectural impact of single photon transmission measurements on full ring 3-D positron tomography (2002)

For the full potential of high resolution (2 to 4 mm) full ring 3-D positron emission tomography (PET) to be realized, reductions in both scan time and noise for measured attenuation correction must be provided. Recent advancements in 3-D PET transmission measurements have been demonstrated using a point source and collecting single photon gamma radiation. Greater than an order of magnitude increase in counting statistics for 3-D acquisitions is possible over traditional dual photon techniques such as rotating rods. Usable single photon transmission scans as short as 2 minutes are practical. Such short scans will have reduced noise due to counting rates in excess of 2.5 M events/sec. Acquiring single photon transmission data in full ring 3-D PET requires several architectural additions to the tomograph. Additions include: 1) a "place holding" mode for the coincidence processor, 2) real-time single photon line of response rebinning electronics, 3) a liquid drive for moving a 4 mCi /sup 137/Cs point source at 1 metre/sec around the field of view, and 4) a fiber-optic detector system for tracking the point source position and speed. Initial implementation of these changes supports a first-of-its-kind 82 cm diameter, 23 cm axial length high resolution full ring 3-D PET tomograph.
Stereotomography: a semi‐automatic approach for velocity macromodel estimation (2004)

ABSTRACT Most methods for velocity macromodel estimation require considerable operator input, mainly concerning the regularization and the picking of events in the data set or in the migrated images. For both these aspects, slope tomography methods offer interesting solutions. They consider locally coherent events characterized by their slopes in the data cube. Picking is then much easier and consequently denser than in standard traveltime tomography. Stereotomography is the latest slope tomography method. In recent years it has been improved significantly, both from an algorithmic point of view and in terms of practical use. Robust and fast procedures are now available for 2D stereotomographic picking and optimization. Concerning the picking, we propose simple criteria for the selection of relevant data among the automatically picked events. This enables an accurate smooth velocity macromodel to be estimated quite rapidly and with very limited operator intervention. We demonstrate the method using a 2D line extracted from the Oseberg NH8906 data set.
IDENTIFICATION OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES AT VARIOUS SYSTEM TIME CONSTANTS (1991)

Effects of various system time constants on the identification measures of model structure goodness are investigated. These measures are the summed squared innovations and unit-pulse response. Artificial time-varying records with unknown time delay, of short or long system time constant, are tested. Results show that the quality of lime delay estimation measures for dynamic processes is controlled by the values of the system time constant.
Characterization of Steady-State Current Ripple in Interleaved Power Converters Under Inductance Mismatches (2013)

Interleaved power converters are used in high-current applications due to their inherent reduction of semiconductors stress and total ripple. Ripple reduction is accomplished by a correct phase shifting, and the filtering improvement explained by the increase in the ripple frequency. However, these benefits are wasted, among other reasons, by the mismatch of the phase inductor value. As a consequence, differences in the ripple amplitude among phases are produced, leading to a total current ripple significantly greater than the ideal case, the loss of the cancellation points and the generation of the switching frequency component and its harmonics. The works dealing with this subject matter have focused on particular cases, such as a given number of phases, a specific converter topology, or a particular case of inductance mismatch, disregarding a general analytical approach. This paper proposes an analytical method to characterize the total ripple in steady state as a function of the duty cycle and the number of phases under any condition on inductance mismatch. Experimental results validate the proposed method.
Some fundamental applications of the Law of La Place in Neurosurgery. (1976)

The Law of La Place is a simple principle of physics, applicable to any fluid-filled vessel, relating stress on the wall of the vessel to the radius and transmural pressure. This principle has major implications for neurosurgery and examples are provided relating La Place's Principle to the genesis and treatment of hydrocephalus, the surgical clipping of cerebral aneurysms and the technic of surgical sponge hemostatis.
Obstacle detecting system for unmanned ground vehicle using laser scanner and vision (2007)

This paper describes obstacle detecting system of unmanned ground vehicle. Obstacle detecting system of UGV is important system for driving safety and stability. Our obstacle detecting system is consists of 2 component. One is laser system component and the other is vision system components. These systems are based on JAUS. In This paper we introduce UGV system configuration and explain obstacle detecting system using laser scanner and camera.
ResInNet: A Novel Deep Neural Network With Feature Reuse for Internet of Things (2018)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have widely used in various Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. Pursuing superior performance is always a hot spot in the field of DNN modeling. Recently, feature reuse provides an effective means of achieving favorable nonlinear approximation performance in deep learning. Existing implementations utilizes a multilayer perception (MLP) to act as a functional unit for feature reuse. However, determining connection weight and bias of MLP is a rather intractable problem, since the conventional back-propagation learning approach encounters the limitations of slow convergence and local optimum. To address this issue, this paper develops a novel DNN considering a well-behaved alternative called reservoir computing, i.e., reservoir in network (ResInNet). In this structure, the built-in reservoir has two notable functions. First, it behaves as a bridge between any two restricted Boltzmann machines in the feature learning part of ResInNet, performing a feature abstraction once again. Such reservoir-based feature translation provides excellent starting points for the following nonlinear regression. Second, it serves as a nonlinear approximation, trained by a simple linear regression using the most representative (learned) features. Experimental results over various benchmark datasets show that ResInNet can achieve the superior nonlinear approximation performance in comparison to the baseline models, and produce the excellent dynamic characteristics and memory capacity. Meanwhile, the merits of our approach is further demonstrated in the network traffic prediction related to real-world IoT application.
THREE FAMILIES WITH 2, 8-DIHYDROXYADENINE UROLITHIASIS HAVING DIFFERENT GENETIC ABNORMALITIES (1986)

我々は3家系5名の2,8-dihydroxyadenine 結石症の患者を経験した. 第1, 2家系は, それぞれ1家系に1名の患者, 第3家系には3名の同胞患者がいた. 患者サンプルの分析を組み合わせた家系調査からは, すべての家系でこの疾患が常染色体劣性の遺伝形式を取っていることが示唆された. 第1,2家系では患者は adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) の完全欠損であるのに比較して, 第3家系では部分欠損であった. 文献的には, これまで発表された2,8-dihydroxyadenine 患者のうち, 欧米人ではすべてが完全欠損症, 日本人では半分以上の家系が部分欠損症である. 完全欠損と部分欠損の両方を同時に経験し得た事実により, 日本人にはAPRT部分欠損による2,8-dihydroxyadenine 結石症が確実に存在することが示された.
THE REACTION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS ON SODIUM ALKYL DITHIOCARBAMATES (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS ON SODIUM ALKYL DITHIOCARBAMATESA. M. Clifford and J. G. LichtyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 3, 1163–1166Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01342a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (236 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts