gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of a Class I Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme (Ubc7) from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> at 2.9 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (1997)

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes are a family of related proteins that participate in the ubiquitination of proteins. Previous studies on the crystal structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ubc4 and Arabidopsis thaliana Ubc1 indicated that the smallest enzymes (class I), which consist entirely of the conserved core domain, share a common tertiary fold. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of the S. cerevisiae class I enzyme encoded by the UBC7 gene. The crystal structure has been solved using molecular replacement techniques and refined by simulated annealing to an R-factor of 0.183 at 2.93 A resolution. Bond lengths and angles in the molecule have root-mean-square deviations from ideal values of 0.016 A and 2.3 degrees, respectively. Ubc7 is an alpha/beta protein with four alpha-helices and a four-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. With the exception of two regions where extra residues are present, the tertiary folding of Ubc7 is similar to those of the other two enzymes. The ubiquitin-accepting cysteine is located in a cleft between two loops. One of these loops is nonconserved, as this region of the Ubc7 molecule differs from the other two enzymes by having 13 extra residues. There is also a second single amino acid insertion that alters the orientation of the turn between the first two beta-strands. Analysis of the 13 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme sequences in S. cerevisiae indicates that there may be two other regions where extra residues could be inserted into the common tertiary fold. Both of these other regions exhibit significant deviations in the superposition of the three structures and, like the two insertion regions in Ubc7, may represent hypervariable regions within a common tertiary fold. As ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes interact with different substrates or other accessory proteins in the ubiquitination pathway, these variable surface regions may confer distinct specificity to individual enzymes.
Depletion of NK by Cellular Immunoadsorption (1979)

Abstract The binding of human natural killer (NK) cells to their tumor cell targets was investigated by using monolayers of sensitive target cell lines. Monolayers of K562 and HSB, a myeloid and T cell line, respectively, were prepared on poly-L-lysine-coated plastic tissue culture dishes and briefly fixed with 0.2% formaldehyde. Freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were incubated on the monolayers. Nonadherent PBL were then removed, after gentle agitation, by decanting and gently washing the monolayer. They were tested, along with unseparated controls, for NK activity in a short-term 51Cr release assay. PBL that were nonadherent to a tested monolayer had only 20 to 60% of the control cytotoxic activity. Our results suggest that NK recognition sites on the effector lymphocytes were able to interact with reciprocal determinants on the target cell monolayers, resulting in selective loss of NK effector cells from the PBL population. The specificity of the NK effector-target interaction was investigated by testing the ability of each monolayer to remove activity against both targets. These data imply heterogeneity with regard to recognition structure within the NK effector population as well as among the target cells.
Differential susceptibility of human Th1 versus T h 2 cells to induction of anergy and apoptosis by ECDI/antigen-coupled antigen-presenting cells (2000)

Antigen-coupled antigen-presenting cells (APC) serve as potent tolerogens for inhibiting immune responses in vivo and in vitro, apparently by providing an antigen-specific signal through the TCR in the absence of co-stimulation. Although this approach has been well studied in rodents, little is known about its effects on human T cells. We evaluated the specificity and mechanisms of tolerization of human T cells in vitro using monocyte-enriched adherent cells that were pulsed with antigen and treated with the cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (ECDI). Autologous antigen-coupled APC selectively tolerized T cells of the T(h)1 but not T(h)2 lineage through a mechanism that involved both antigen-specific and antigen-non-specific elements. The tolerization process was dependent on the ECDI and antigen concentration, and the coupling time, and was reflected by initial up-regulation of CD25. However, upon re-stimulation with fresh APC and antigen, tolerized T(h)1 cells failed to proliferate or to produce T(h)1 cytokine message or secreted protein, had decreased expression of CD25, CD28 and B7 and increased expression of MHC class II molecules, and demonstrated an enhanced commitment to apoptosis. T(h)1 cell tolerization could be prevented by adding anti-CD28 antibody, IL-2 or untreated APC at the same time as the ECDI/antigen-coupled APC, or reversed by adding anti-CD28 antibody or IL-2 upon re-stimulation with fresh APC plus antigen. Thus, the tolerizing effect of ECDI/antigen-coupled APC on human T(h)1 cells appears to involve a reversible anergy mechanism leading to apoptosis, whereby the targeted T cells receive full or partial activation through the TCR, without coordinate co-stimulation. These data suggest dichotomous signaling requirements for inactivating cells of the T(h)1 and T(h)2 lineages that may have important implications for treatment of T(h)1-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.
A Novel V2X-based Pedestrian Collision Avoidance System and the Effects Analysis of Communication Delay and Packet Loss on Its application (2018)

In order to enhance traffic safety and reduce traffic accidents, the V2X technology has been widely used in the field of autonomous driving. However, in the real test scenarios, communication has the disadvantages of data dissemination delay and data packets loss, which will have a significant impact on autonomous driving in some dangerous scenarios. In this paper, we choose a high-risk traffic situation that the automated vehicle prevents the potential darting-out pedestrian when passing by a blind area. First, we present a pedestrian collision avoidance system based on V2X technology. Next, we propose a new method of pedestrian collision avoidance based on V2P information. We create the danger warning area and emergency area to decide to avoid pedestrians by crossing or taking a brake. Finally, We use PreScan/Matlab to establish a pedestrian collision avoidance system and simulate the communication delay and three types of packet loss. The experimental results show the effects of collision avoidance under ideal conditions and the impact of different delay and packet loss rates on pedestrian collision avoidance system.
Comparison of high efficiency low output voltage forward topologies (2002)

The main goal in the design of on board converters for distributed power architectures is size minimization, with power losses being the main constraint to achieve this objective. Very high efficiency has been obtained in this work in low output voltage (3.3 V) forward topologies, thanks to the use of self-driven synchronous rectification. Forward PWM topology with active clamp (FAC), forward with resonant reset (FRR) and forward with multiresonant switch ZVS-MRC are compared in this paper from the point of view of efficiency, switching frequency, losses in the synchronous rectifiers, transformer demagnetization, semiconductor stresses and EMI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Training Imams and the Future of Islam in France (2003)

There has been a growing political urgency in several Western European countries to institutionalize and create facilities for imamtraining. With the formation of the Conseil Français du Culte Musulman (CFCM) earlier this year the French government aims to create a uniform training system for imams. This state-sponsored institutionalization of Islam offers more 'traditional' organizations the opportunity to appropriate 'French Islam', possibly at the expense of alternative structures that have emerged in the French Muslim community over the last few decades.
Obtaining three-dimensional velocity information directly from reflection seismic data; an inverse scattering formalism (1981)

Abstract We present a formalism for obtaining the subsurface velocity configuration directly from reflection seismic data. Our approach is to apply the results obtained for inverse problems in quantum scattering theory to the reflection seismic problem. In particular, we extend the results of Moses (1956) for inverse quantum scattering and Razavy (1975) for the one-dimensional (1-D) identification of the acoustic wave equation to the problem of identifying the velocity in the three-dimensional (3-D) acoustic wave equation from boundary value measurements. No a priori knowledge of the subsurface velocity is assumed and all refraction, diffraction, and multiple reflection phenomena are taken into account. In addition, we explain how the idea of slant stack in processing seismic data is an important part of the proposed 3-D inverse scattering formalism.
Role of the <i>gerI</i> Operon of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> 569 in the Response of Spores to Germinants (1998)

Bacillus cereus 569 (ATCC 10876) germinates in response to inosine or to L-alanine, but the most rapid germination response is elicited by a combination of these germinants. Mutants defective in their germination response to either inosine or to L-alanine were isolated after Tn917-LTV1 mutagenesis and enrichment procedures; one class of mutant could not germinate in response to inosine as a sole germinant but still germinated in response to L-alanine, although at a reduced rate; another mutant germinated normally in response to inosine but was slowed in its germination response to L-alanine. These mutants demonstrated that at least two signal response pathways are involved in the triggering of germination. Stimulation of germination in L-alanine by limiting concentrations of inosine and stimulation of germination in inosine by low concentrations of L-alanine were still detectable in these mutants, suggesting that such stimulation is not dependent on complete functionality of both these germination loci. Two transposon insertions that affected inosine germination were found to be located 2.2 kb apart on the chromosome. This region was cloned and sequenced, revealing an operon of three open reading frames homologous to those in the gerA and related operons of Bacillus subtilis. The individual genes of this gerI operon have been named gerIA, gerIB, and gerIC. The GerIA protein is predicted to possess an unusually long, charged, N-terminal domain containing nine tandem copies of a 13-amino-acid glutamine- and serine-rich sequence.
Discovery of optical molecular emission from the bipolar nebula surrounding HD 44179 (1980)

Spectrophotometry and spectropolarimetry with HD 44179 are presented. These measurements reveal that the very broad bump evident in previous low-resolution spectra possesses a large amount of structure, including groups of narrow emission lines and several diffuse features. A reduction in polarization, but constant position angle, through the bump indicates that this emission originates within the nebula itself and merely dilutes the polarized scattered starlight. A few very weak atomic emission lines are detected, but the overall feature, which strongly resembles the emission spectra of some molecules, remains unidentified. Constraints on the excitation mechanism are discussed.
Biological Evaluation of d <sup>2</sup> , an Algorithm for High-Performance Sequence Comparison (1994)

A number of algorithms exist for searching sequence databases for biologically significant similarities based on the primary sequence similarity of aligned sequences. We have determined the biological sensitivity and selectivity of d2, a high-performance comparison algorithm that rapidly determines the relative dissimilarity of large datasets of genetic sequences. d2 uses sequence-word multiplicity as a simple measure of dissimilarity. It is not constrained by the comparison of direct sequence alignments and so can use word contexts to yield new information on relationships. It is extremely efficient, comparing a query of length 884 bases (INS1ECLAC) with 19,540,603 bases of the bacterial division of GenBank (release 76.0) in 51.77 CPU seconds on a Cray Y/MP-48 supercomputer. It is unique in that subsequences (words) of biological interest can be weighted to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of a search over existing methods. We have determined the ability of d2 to detect biologically significant matches between a query and large datasets of DNA sequences while varying parameters such as word-length and window size. We have also determined the distribution of dissimilarity scores within eukaryotic and prokaryotic divisions of GenBank. We have optimized parameters of the d2 program using Cray hardware and present an analysis of the sensitivity and selectivity of the algorithm. A theoretical analysis of the expectation for scores is presented. This work demonstrates that d2 is a unique, sensitive, and selective method of rapid sequence comparison that can detect novel sequence relationships which remain undetected by alternate methodologies.
Evolution of mechanical characteristics of metallic glass Co-Fe-Cr-Si at annealing (2005)

Evolution of mechanical properties and structure of metallic glass is investigated. Stress-strain diagrams at different annealing temperatures are found. Changing of microhardness and plasticity in a wide temperature range is determined. Correlation between Young's modulus and microhardness is established. Evolution of surface layers in conditions of annealing and regularities of crystallization of surface and bulk of metallic glass are researched.
Progress in the planar CPn SOFC system design verification (1996)

SOFCo is developing a high efficiency, modular and scaleable planar SOFC module termed the CPn design. This design has been verified in a 1.4 kW module test operated directly on pipeline natural gas. The design features multistage oxidation of fuel wherein the fuel is consumed incrementally over several stages. High efficiency is achieved by uniform current density distribution per stage, which lowers the stack resistance. Additional benefits include thermal regulation and compactness. Test results from stack modules operating in pipeline natural gas are presented.
REVIEWS (1981)

REVIEWS Get access Gesammelte Akademieabhandlungen. By MARTIN GRABMANN. 2 vols. Pp. xxxii+1122; . Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1979. N.p. G. R. EVANS G. R. EVANS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXXII, Issue 1, April 1981, Pages 285–286, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXXII.1.285 Published: 01 April 1981
A Unified Approach to Detecting Crosstalk Faults of Interconnects in Deep Sub-Micron VLSI (2005)

The crosstalk fault effects in deep sub-micron VLSI, namely, glitches and the crosstalk-induced delay, are investigated. The origin of their occurrence, relationship and importance in circuit operation are elucidated. It is shown that the crosstalk-induced delay is only superposition of the induced glitch with the original signal delay on the affected victim line; and crosstalk-induced delay is more important in affecting the circuit performance, and should be considered in more details for testing. A scheme which is to detect both types of faults in a unified way by just detecting glitches is proposed and studied, considering the manufacture process variation. In this way, detection of crosstalk-induced faults becomes much easier.
Color Contrast Metrics for Complex Images (1986)

Abstract : Designers of color displays have no simple means to relate suprathreshold color contrast to performance because few of the requisite experiments have been performed. One of the obstacles has been the absence of a standardized and perceptually uniform method for representing color differences. An experiment was performed to explore the utility of several candidate metrics for predicting response speeds to colored numerals superimposed upon spatially complex multicolored backgrounds. The results show that several simple metrics accounted for substantial portions of the sample variation, despite the superficially apparent difficulties of the modelling problem. detection.
Networks for parallel processing on a large scale (2003)

It is suggested that a new dimension can be added to information technology developments and impact by the introduction of both broadcast communication and parallel-processing paradigms between remote systems. In addition to conventional point-to-point liaisons, different categories of broadcast services, to accommodate conferences between remote processors, need to be supported by the data network. The envisaged network services allow the attached systems to operate on abundant information and to elaborate in parallel. The necessary broadcast and synchronization primitives are examined in the light of potential applications such as scientific parallel processing, computer-assisted cooperative work using multimedia workstations, and cooperative expert systems carrying out some aspects of the work within an organization. The details of the implementation of the examined network services on the DUAL 140 Mb/s fiber campus network are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential Expression of Cardiac Titin Isoforms and Modulation of Cellular Stiffness (2000)

Extension of the I-band segment of titin gives rise to part of the diastolic force of cardiac muscle. Previous studies of human cardiac titin transcripts suggested a series of differential splicing events in the I-band segment of titin leading to the so-called N2A and N2B isoform transcripts. Here we investigated titin expression at the protein level in a wide range of mammalian species. Results indicate that the myocardium coexpresses 2 distinct titin isoforms: a smaller isoform containing the N2B element only (N2B titin) and a larger isoform with both the N2B and N2A elements (N2BA titin). The expression ratio of large N2BA to small N2B titin isoforms was found to vary greatly in different species; eg, in the left ventricle the ratio is approximately 0.05 in mouse and approximately 1.5 in pig. Differences in the expression ratio were also found between atria and ventricles and between different layers of the ventricular wall. Immunofluorescence experiments with isoform-specific antibodies suggest that coexpression of these isoforms takes place at the single-myocyte level. The diastolic properties of single cardiac myocytes isolated from various species expressing high levels of the small (rat and mouse) or large (pig) titin isoform were studied. On average, pig myocytes are significantly less stiff than mouse and rat myocytes. Gel analysis indicates that this result cannot be explained by varying amounts of titin in mouse and pig myocardium. Rather, low stiffness of pig myocytes can be explained by its high expression level of the large isoform: the longer extensible region of this isoform results in a lower fractional extension for a given sarcomere length and hence a lower force. Implications of our findings to cardiac function are discussed.
Evidence for resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of liquid water using 2 eV laser light: Variation of hydrated electron absorbance with femtosecond pulse intensity (1992)

The multiphoton ionization of liquid water that occurs in femtosecond laser photolysis is investigated with an experimental setup in which 2 eV photons are sent into the sample. Hydrated electrons are identified as the generated absorbing species and their absorbance A is measured as a function of the laser irradiance E. The power law A\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{E}}^{1.8}$ which is found differs markedly from that expected from energetic considerations. This is explained in terms of a resonant four-photon absorption involving the A\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} $^{1}$${\mathit{B}}_{1}$ electronic state of water which, in the liquid phase, is partly autoionizing.
High Torque Multi-Air Gap Electric Motors (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">SatCon Technology Corporation has developed a new configuration for the induction machine which offers higher torque densities and a more advantageous footprint for many applications. This configuration employs at least one rotor disc “sandwiched” between two end stators, but may be extended to include multiple rotor discs placed between multiple stators. In these machines axially-oriented flux traverses the entire length of the machine, crossing all the stator and rotor discs before reaching the return iron, present in the end stators only. SatCon has designed, manufactured and tested on axial gap induction motor, which developed 20 hp at 3600 rpm. This paper discusses the design and key test results.</div>
Masking, unmasking, and regulated polyadenylation cooperate in the translational control of a dormant mRNA in mouse oocytes (1998)

The mechanisms responsible for translational silencing of certain mRNAs in growing oocytes, and for their awakening during meiotic maturation, are not completely elucidated. We show that binding of a approximately 80-kD protein to a UA-rich element in the 3' UTR of tissue-type plasminogen activator mRNA, a mouse oocyte mRNA that is translated during meiotic maturation, silences the mRNA in primary oocytes. Translation can be triggered by injecting a competitor transcript that displaces this silencing factor, without elongation of a pre-existing short poly(A) tail, the presence of which is mandatory. During meiotic maturation, cytoplasmic polyadenylation is necessary to maintain a poly(A) tail, but the determining event for translational activation appears to be the modification or displacement of the silencing factor.
Significance and attributes of subpixel estimation on area‐based matching (2003)

Abstract Area‐based matching and subpixel displacement estimation using similarity measures are common methods used in various fields. Subpixel estimation using parabola fitting over three points with their similarity measures is also a common method to increase matching resolution. However, such estimation can contain systematic error depending on image characteristics, the similarity function, and the fitting function used for subpixel estimation. In this paper, characteristics of subpixel estimation error were clarified using a simple analytical model. Although this model is quite simple, it allows us to make a theoretical analysis for general images without assuming any specific image pattern. Through this analysis, it has been shown that there are correct combinations of the similarity functions and the fitting functions. Also, the so‐called “pixel‐locking” effect, by which estimated positions tend to be biased toward integer values, has been explained. Finally, analyses were verified with an experiment using real images. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10506