gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Th2-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammatory Disease by CD137 Costimulation (2006)

The engagement of CD137 (4-1BB), an inducible T cell costimulatory receptor and member of the TNF receptor superfamily, by agonistic Abs can promote strong tumor and viral immunity mediated by CD8(+) T cells and stimulate IFN-gamma production. However, its role in Th2-mediated immune responses has not been well defined. To address this issue, we studied the function of CD137 engagement using an allergic airway disease model in which the mice were sensitized with inactivated Schistosoma mansoni eggs followed by S. mansoni egg Ag challenge directly in the airways and Th1/2 cytokine production was monitored. Interestingly, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with agonistic anti-CD137 (2A) during sensitization completely prevents allergic airway inflammation, as shown by a clear inhibition of T cell and eosinophil infiltration into the lung tissue and airways, accompanied by diminished Th2 cytokine production and reduced serum IgE levels, as well as a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness. At various time points after immunization, restimulated splenocytes from 2A-treated mice displayed reduced proliferation and Th2 cytokine production. In accordance with this, agonistic Ab to CD137 can directly coinhibit Th2 responses in vitro although it costimulates Th1 responses. CD137-mediated suppression of Th2 response is independent of IFN-gamma and T regulatory cells. Our study has identified a novel pathway to inhibit Th2 responses in a CD137-dependent fashion.
Laboratory and field trials of a new molluscicide, Bayer 73, in Tanganyika. (1961)

In Tanganyika, there are at present few large irrigation systems, and observations so far carried out indicate that impounded waters play an important part in the transmission of bilharziasis. More recent studies suggest that, in the western half of the country, small temporary pools may be the most important habitats of the vector of Schistosoma haematobium. The present paper records a series of trials with a new molluscicide, Bayer 73, and, for comparison, with sodium pentachlorophenate, both in the laboratory and in a number of fish-ponds. It is considered that the chief significance of the results obtained is the effectiveness of Bayer 73, against the vectors of bilharziasis and their eggs, at concentrations much lower than are necessary in the case of other available molluscicides. This may permit of chemical control on a scale hitherto not envisaged. On the basis of these results, it would seem that this new molluscicide may play an important part in future snail control and eradication programmes, with consequent impact on the incidence of bilharziasis.
Retroviral-mediated transfer and expression of human beta-globin genes in cultured murine and human erythroid cells. (1988)

We have cloned human beta-globin DNA sequences from a genomic library prepared from DNA isolated from the human leukemia cell line K562 and have used the retroviral vector pZip-NeoSV(X)1 to introduce a 3.0-kilobase segment encompassing the globin gene into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Whereas the endogenous K562 beta-globin gene is repressed in K562 cells, when introduced into mouse erythroleukemia cells by retroviral-mediated gene transfer, the beta-globin gene from K562 cells was transcribed and induced 5-20-fold after treatment of the cells with dimethyl sulfoxide. The transcripts were correctly initiated, and expression and regulation of the K562 gene were identical to the expression of a normal human beta-globin gene transferred into mouse erythroleukemia cells in the same way. We have also introduced the normal human beta-globin gene into K562 cells using the same retrovirus vector. SP6 analysis of the RNA isolated from the transduced cells showed that the normal beta-globin gene was transcribed at a moderately high level, before or after treatment with hemin. Based on these data, we suggest that the lack of expression of the endogenous beta-globin gene in K562 cells does not result from an alteration in the gene itself and may not result from a lack of factor(s) necessary for beta-globin gene transcription. Retroviral-mediated transfer of the human beta-globin gene may, however, uniquely influence expression of the gene in K562 cells.
Molecular and Genomic Analysis of Genes Encoding Surface-Anchored Proteins from <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2001)

The gene slpA, encoding the S-layer precursor protein in the virulent Clostridium difficile strains C253 and 79--685, was identified. The precursor protein carries a C-terminal highly conserved anchoring domain, similar to the one found in the Cwp66 adhesin (previously characterized in strain 79--685), an SLH domain, and a variable N-terminal domain mediating cell adherence. The genes encoding the S-layer precursor proteins and the Cwp66 adhesin are present in a genetic locus carrying 17 open reading frames, 11 of which encode a similar two-domain architecture, likely to include surface-anchored proteins.
Active Bleeding in Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Observed by Multiphase Dynamic-Enhanced CT (2012)

A high incidence of active bleeding (25.5%) was detected by multiphase dynamic-enhanced CT in patients with acute SAH. These results indicate that an awareness of active bleeding in patients with SAH has the potential to affect the treatment strategy.
The gene order for rubella virus structural proteins is NH2-C-E2-E1-COOH (1984)

The order of translation in vivo of the genes coding for rubella virus structural proteins was studied in infected B-Vero cells. The proteins were sequentially pulse-chase labeled with [35S]methionine after synchronization of translation initiation with hypertonic salt treatment. A sequential labeling procedure ("window-labeling") to specifically label defined segments of the structural proteins was also used. The labeled proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with specific antisera directed against the two virion glycoproteins (E1 and E2a/E2b) and the nucleocapsid (C) protein. The order of translation was found to be NH2-C-E2-E1-COOH. We have previously shown that the structural proteins are synthesized in vitro from a cytoplasmic 24S subgenomic mRNA as a 110,000-dalton (p110) precursor (Oker-Blom et al., J. Virol. 49:403-408, 1984). Here, it is shown that p110 is precipitated with anti-C, anti-E2, and anti-E1 sera, indicating that p110 is the precursor of all three structural proteins. Two major in vitro translation products (Mrs, 66,000 and 62,000) that could represent preterminated polypeptide chains or proteolytic cleavage products were precipitated with anti-C and anti-E2 sera, but not with anti-E1 serum, indicating, in conformity with the in vivo results, that the genes for the C and E2 proteins are adjacent to each other. Using these specific antisera, we have also confirmed the identity of the unglycosylated forms of E1 (Mr, 53,000) and E2 (Mr, 30,000) immunoprecipitated from tunicamycin-treated infected cells.
Apparatus for desulfurization of exhaust gas. [7 claims] (1974)

An adsorption apparatus is described for desulfurization of stack gases containing sulfur oxides which requires less installation space and is manufactured at less cost than similar prior art devices and which controls the exhaust gas temperature and humidity for enhancement of SO/sub x/ adsorption efficiency. The apparatus consists of several desulfurization towers containing an adsorbent layer and means for selectively introducing the exhaust gases into the lower bottom for passage upwardly through the adsorbent layer. A distributor is situated in the upper portion of the lower chamber formed in the tower immediately below the adsorbent and causes liquid-gas contact between the description solution containing sulfuric acid and the exhaust gas in the tower s lower chamber.
The functionality and cost advantages of high-performance polymers. (2003)

Acetals remain extremely important for medical devices, particularly in gears, springs and other mechanisms, although going forward with progressively lower emission targets is likely to require a combination of low-emission grades and tighter processing controls. Nylon and PBT materials have a continued importance in achieving the combination of mechanical performance, biocompatibility (a range of grades are available that have been tested successfully against USP 23 Class VI) and sterilisation performance (dependent on grade and type of sterilisation). Materials such as liquid crystal polymer are progressively more important for their barrier properties, high temperature performance and all-round sterilisation performance. Polycarbonates and cyclic olefin copolymers continue to find new applications, often where clarity is important; transparent Nylons and other olefinic materials are also valuable in this area. With the continuing advances in raw materials and polymer processes, careful choices can produce some worthy advances in device technology, although utilising the technologies effectively still depends on working forwards from the user/patient need and desired functionality. Whether considering developing a new device using plastics, or reconsidering further development of an existing device, engineering polymers can provide the key to something better.
A topology survey of single-stage power factor corrector with a boost type input-current-shaper (2001)

A topological review of the single stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented in this paper. Most reported single-stage PFC rectifiers cascade a boost-type converter with a forward or a flyback DC-DC converter so that input current shaping, isolation, and fast output voltage regulation are performed in one single stage. The cost and performance of single-stage PFC converters depend greatly on how its input current shaper (ICS) and the DC-DC converter are integrated together. For the cascade connected single-stage PFC rectifiers, the energy storage capacitor is found in either series or parallel path of energy flow. The second group appears to represent the main stream. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the second group. It is found that many of these topologies can be implemented by combining a two-terminal or three-terminal boost ICS cell with DC-DC converter along with an energy storage capacitor in between. A general rule is observed that translates a three-terminal ICS cell to a two-terminal ICS cell using an additional winding from the transformer and vice verse. According to the translation rule, many of the reported single-stage PFC topologies can be viewed as electrically equivalent to one another. Several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule.
Membrane Topology of the Di- and Tripeptide Transport Protein of<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (1997)

Transport of hydrophilic di- and tripeptides into Lactococcus lactis is mediated by a proton motive force-driven peptide transport protein (DtpT) that shares similarity with eukaryotic peptide transporters, e.g., from kidney and small intestine of rabbit, man, and rat. Hydropathy profiling in combination with the "positive inside rule" predicts for most of the homologous proteins an alpha-helical bundle of 12 transmembrane segments, but the positions of these transmembrane segments and the location of the amino and carboxyl termini are by no means conclusive. The secondary structure of DtpT was investigated by analyzing 42 DtpT-alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins, generated by random or directed fusions of the corresponding genes. These studies confirm the presence of 12 transmembrane segments but refute several other predictions made of the secondary structure. Data obtained from the fusion proteins were substantiated by studying the accessibility of single cysteine mutants in putative cytoplasmic or extracellular loops by membrane (im)permeant sulfhydryl reagents. The deduced topology model of DtpT consists of a bundle of 12 alpha-helixes with a short amino and a large carboxyl terminus, both located at the cytoplasmic site of the membrane. On the basis of sequence comparisons with DtpT, it seems likely that the structure model of the amino-terminal half of DtpT also holds for the eukaryotic peptide transporters, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half is largely different.
The dependence of paracetamol absorption on the rate of gastric emptying (1973)

1. The rate of gastric emptying was measured directly in 14 convalescent hospital patients and paracetamol absorption was studied following an oral dose of 1.5 g.2. Rapid gastric emptying was associated with the early appearance of high peak plasma paracetamol concentrations whereas peak concentrations were low and occurred late when gastric emptying was slow.3. There was a significant correlation between the rate of gastric emptying and the 0-4 and 0-24 h urinary excretion of paracetamol and its metabolites.4. In five patients with abnormally slow gastric emptying the mean maximum plasma concentration and 0-4 and 0-24 h urinary excretion of paracetamol were significantly lower than in seven patients with normal gastric emptying rates while the time taken to reach maximum plasma concentrations was longer.5. Individual differences in the rate of gastric emptying may contribute to variable absorption of many drugs.
Standard compliant channel selection scheme for TV white space networks (2014)

Abstract—In television white space networks, secondary users are required to query an authorised geo-location spectrum database (GSDB) in order to determine the vacant channels or white spaces. While recent development of the Protocol to Access White Spaces (PAWS) by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is intended to standardize communication between the GSDB and white space devices for sharing spectrum white spaces (WSDs) and their related parameters, the mechanism for channel selection remains an open issue. In this paper, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based scheme is proposed for optimal channel decision. The best channel is selected from a pool of available channels provided by the GSDB. Each channel is ranked based on the current class of service offered (either best effort or real time) offered as well as multiple attributes sourced from GSDB. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme is capable of selecting the best channels to satisfy the users ’ preferences with lower decision latency than the compared existing solution. Keywords—Analytic hierarchy process, Channel selection, Geo-location spectrum database, TV white space, White space device.
Inter-program communications, program string structures and buffer files (1967)

Receptiveness to change is one of the most important attributes of a programming system. There are obvious advantages associated with being responsive to changes in a system's environment without being required to essentially redesign the system. These environmental changes may take the form of variations in the functions to be performed by the system or in the applications to which the system is put. They may be reflected in modifications of the content or structure of the data which the system is to process. They may even appear as changes in the number, type or function of the equipments comprising the computer within which the system is operated.
Rhizobium meliloti contains a novel second homolog of the cell division gene ftsZ (1994)

We have identified a second homolog of the cell division gene, ftsZ, in the endosymbiont Rhizobium meliloti. The ftsZ2 gene was cloned by screening a genomic lambda library with a probe derived from PCR amplification of a highly conserved domain. It encodes a 36-kDa protein which shares a high level of sequence similarity with the FtsZ proteins of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and FtsZ1 (Z1) of R. meliloti but lacks the carboxy-terminal region conserved in other FtsZ proteins. The identity of the ftsZ2 gene product was confirmed both by in vitro transcription-translation in an R. meliloti S-30 extract and by overproduction in R. meliloti cells. As with Z1, the overproduction of FtsZ2 in E. coli inhibited cell division and induced filamentation, although to a lesser extent than with Z1. However, the expression of ftsZ2 in E. coli under certain conditions caused some cells to coil dramatically, a phenotype not observed during Z1 overproduction. Although several Tn3-GUS (glucuronidase) insertions in a plasmid-borne ftsZ2 gene failed to cross into the chromosome, one interruption in the chromosomal ftsZ2 gene was isolated, suggesting that ftsZ2 is nonessential for viability. The two ftsZ genes were genetically mapped to the R. meliloti main chromosome, approximately 100 kb apart.
Cytomegalovirus prevents antigen presentation by blocking the transport of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I molecules into the medial-Golgi compartment. (1992)

Selective expression of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate-early (IE) genes leads to the presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Ld of a peptide derived from MCMV IE protein pp89 (Reddehase, M.J., J. B. Rothbard, and U.H. Koszinowski. 1989. Nature (Lond.). 337:651). Characterization of endogenous antigenic peptides identified the pp89 peptide as the nonapeptide 168YPHFMPTNL176 (del Val, M., H.-J. Schlicht, T. Ruppert, M.J. Reddehase, and U.H. Koszinowski. 1991. Cell. 66:1145). Subsequent expression of MCMV early genes prevents presentation of pp89 (del Val, M., K. Münch, M.J. Reddehase, and U.H. Koszinowski. 1989. Cell. 58:305). We report on the mechanism by which MCMV early genes interfere with antigen presentation. Expression of the IE promoter-driven bacterial gene lacZ by recombinant MCMV subjected antigen presentation of beta-galactosidase to the same control and excluded antigen specificity. The Ld-dependent presence of naturally processed antigenic peptides also in nonpresenting cells located the inhibitory function subsequent to the step of antigen processing. The finding that during the E phase of MCMV gene expression the MHC class I heavy chain glycosylation remained in an Endo H-sensitive form suggested a block within the endoplasmic reticulum/cis-Golgi compartment. The failure to present antigenic peptides was explained by a general retention of nascent assembled trimolecular MHC class I complexes. Accordingly, at later stages of infection a significant decrease of surface MHC class I expression was seen, whereas other membrane glycoproteins remained unaffected. Thus, MCMV E genes endow this virus with an effective immune evasion potential. These results also indicate that the formation of the trimolecular complex of MHC class I heavy chain, beta 2-microglobulin, and the finally trimmed peptide is completed before entering the medial-Golgi compartment.
Synthesis of Tethered Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Monolayer on a Silicate Substrate by Sequential Carbocationic Polymerization and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Tethered Polystyrene-block-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Monolayer on a Silicate Substrate by Sequential Carbocationic Polymerization and Atom Transfer Radical PolymerizationBin Zhao and William J. BrittainView Author Information Department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron, Ohio 44325-3909 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 14, 3557–3558Publication Date (Web):March 25, 1999Publication History Received28 December 1998Published online25 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja984428yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja984428yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2325Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Polymerization,Porous materials,Radical polymerization,Silicon Get e-Alerts
Focusing on everything (2012)

Lytro, a Silicon Valley start-up, has just launched the world's first consumer light-field camera, which shoots pictures that can be focused long after they're captured, either on the camera itself or online. Lytro promises no more blurry subjects, and no shutter lag waiting for the camera's lens to focus. A software update to the camera, coming soon, will even let you produce 3-D images.
Portable Device Based on Chemiluminescence Lensless Imaging for Personalized Diagnostics through Multiplex Bioanalysis (2011)

A simple and versatile analytical device designed to perform, even simultaneously, different types of bioassays has been developed and optimized. A transparent microfluidics-based reaction chip, where analytes were quantitatively detected by means of biospecific reactions and chemiluminescence detection, was placed in contact with a thermoelectrically cooled CCD sensor through a fiber optic taper. Such a lensless contact imaging configuration combined adequate spatial resolution and high light collection efficiency within a small size portable device. The miniaturization of the reaction chamber ensured short analysis times (in the minutes range), while the use of chemiluminescence detection provided wide signal dynamic range and high detectability, down to attomole levels of protein and femtomole levels of nucleic acid analytes. A model hybrid panel test was realized by combining an enzyme assay for alkaline phosphatase activity, a nucleic acid hybridization assay for Parvovirus B19 DNA, and an immunoassay for horseradish peroxidase as a model antigen. The successful simultaneous quantification of the three targets demonstrated that a range of analytes, from enzymes to antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids, can be measured in a single run, thus enabling the realization of a complete, personalized diagnostic panel test for early diagnosis of a given disease and patient follow-up.
Quantitative volumetric analysis of brain MR: normative database spanning 5 decades of life. (1995)

Although there may be limitations to generalizations, these normative data tables can provide a comparison index for contrasting pathologic groups with a normative sample.
Estimation and Control for Autonomous UAV System to Neutralize unknown Aerial Maneuvering Target (2021)

Autonomous capture of aerial non-cooperative target is a complex task requiring expertise from various fields like mechanical design, computer vision as well as estimation and control theory. The current work aims at presenting an estimation and control system as a part of an end to end solution for detecting, tracking and finally grabbing a dynamic aerial target. Estimation and control is typically challenging when the target under consideration is a maneuvering one. An Extended Kalman Filter is used to estimate the real time pose of the target with respect to the pursuer drone. This is followed by estimation of smooth trajectory which is fed to a gain scheduling based PD controller in order to engage head on with the target. Further, the accuracy of estimation algorithms and the ability of the proposed system to neutralize the target is demonstrated by means of simulation and experimental results.