gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accommodating Pedestrians with Visual Impairments in and around Work Zones (2009)

Results are presented of a Texas Transportation Institute study that assessed how work-zone information can be related to visually impaired users through audio messages. Researchers conducted a two-phase study that included both a laboratory survey and a field test of audio messages presented through motion-activated recordings in a mock work zone. A few of the key points found during this effort are as follows: (a) it is critical that an alternate-route message clearly state that the path will lead the pedestrian to the sidewalk on the opposite side of the street; (b) critical message elements for navigation of alternate routes were the initial turning or crossing instruction and the distance that pedestrians would need to continue on that path; (c) the existence of a high number of driveways can affect the ability of the visually impaired to count the number of blocks they have traveled and should be considered when alternate routes are established; (d) overload of information is still a concern, but there are specific message elements or terms that appear to have a greater adverse impact on recall (e.g., the use of distances in feet) than the typical message loading considerations; and (e) when it is important to provide warning messages about features for the visually impaired walking through or near a work area, it is critical to state clearly that the path is available (i.e., “sidewalk is open”).
Directed evolution of estrogen receptor proteins with altered ligand-binding specificities (2008)

Transcriptional activators that respond to ligands with no cellular targets are powerful tools that can confer regulated expression of a transgene in almost all biological systems. In this study, we altered the ligand-binding specificity of the human estrogen receptor alpha (hER alpha) so that it would recognize a non-steroidal synthetic compound with structural similarities to the phytoestrogen resveratrol. For this purpose, we performed iterative rounds of site-specific saturation mutagenesis of a fixed set of ligand-contacting residues and subsequent random mutagenesis of the entire ligand-binding domain. Selection of the receptor mutants and quantification of the interaction were carried out by exploiting a yeast two-hybrid system that reports the ligand-dependent interaction between hER alpha and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). The screen was performed with a synthetic ligand (CV3320) that promoted growth of the reporter yeast strain to half maximal levels at a concentration of 3.7 microM. The optimized receptor mutant (L384F/L387M/Y537S) showed a 67-fold increased activity to the synthetic ligand CV3320 (half maximal yeast growth at 0.055 microM) and a 10-fold decreased activity to 17beta-estradiol (E2; half maximal yeast growth at 4 nM). The novel receptor-ligand pair partially fulfills the requirements for a specific 'gene switch' as it responds to concentrations of the synthetic ligand which do not activate the wildtype receptor. Due to its residual responsiveness to E2 at concentrations (4 nM) that might occur in vivo, further improvements have to be performed to render the system applicable in organisms with endogenous E2 synthesis.
Radiation Dose Optimization in CT Planning of Corrective Scoliosis Surgery (2008)

The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of obtaining a helical CT scan of a long segment of vertebral column, optimally reduce the radiation dose, compare the radiation dose of the low dose helical CT with that of some of the CT protocols used in clinical practice and finally assess the impact of such a dose reduction on the image quality. A chest phantom was examined with a 16-slice CT scanner. Six scans were performed with different radiation doses. The lowest radiation dose which had no impact on image quality with regard to the information required for surgical planning of patients with scoliosis, was 20 times lower than that of routinely used protocol for CT examination of the spine in children (0.38 mSv vs 7.76 mSv). Patients with scoliosis planned for corrective spinal surgery can be examined with low dose helical CT scan. The dose reduction systems (DRS) available in modern CT scanners contribute to dose reduction and should be used.
Perceptual graphics for effective visualization (2005)

Current trends in 3D graphics point to a near future when our ability to gener-ate 3D content will far surpass our ability to analyze it meaningfully. These trends have inspired us to improve the comprehensibility of 3D graphics rendering using in-sights from human perception of geometry and illumination. In this dissertation, we develop algorithms and systems to seamlessly integrate the low-level human visual system cues with object modeling and lighting for 3D graphics. Artists and illustrators have enhanced the perception of shape with discrepant lighting for centuries. Traditional graphics however assumes a model of consistent lighting. We have developed a lighting design system, that by relaxing the constraint of consistent lighting is able to convey a better depiction of shape. Our system for automatic lighting design, Light Collages, segments the objects into local surface patches and uses careful placement of highlights, shadows, and silhouettes on them to enhance shape perception. We have developed a spherical-harmonics-based for-mulation to achieve a 20-fold improvement in speed. Geometric processing in graphics has made significant advances over the last
Fundamental Ca2+ Signaling Mechanisms in Mouse Dendritic Cells: CRAC Is the Major Ca2+ Entry Pathway (2001)

Although Ca(2+)-signaling processes are thought to underlie many dendritic cell (DC) functions, the Ca(2+) entry pathways are unknown. Therefore, we investigated Ca(2+)-signaling in mouse myeloid DC using Ca(2+) imaging and electrophysiological techniques. Neither Ca(2+) currents nor changes in intracellular Ca(2+) were detected following membrane depolarization, ruling out the presence of functional voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. ATP, a purinergic receptor ligand, and 1-4 dihydropyridines, previously suggested to activate a plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel in human myeloid DC, both elicited Ca(2+) rises in murine DC. However, in this study these responses were found to be due to mobilization from intracellular stores rather than by Ca(2+) entry. In contrast, Ca(2+) influx was activated by depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores with thapsigargin, or inositol trisphosphate. This Ca(2+) influx was enhanced by membrane hyperpolarization, inhibited by SKF 96365, and exhibited a cation permeability similar to the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channel (CRAC) found in T lymphocytes. Furthermore, ATP, a putative DC chemotactic and maturation factor, induced a delayed Ca(2+) entry with a voltage dependence similar to CRAC. Moreover, the level of phenotypic DC maturation was correlated with the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration and enhanced by thapsigargin treatment. These results suggest that CRAC is a major pathway for Ca(2+) entry in mouse myeloid DC and support the proposal that CRAC participates in DC maturation and migration.
Thin-film photovoltaics (2005)

CdTe and CuIn1−xGaxSe2−ySy (CIGSS) are ideal candidates for thin-film solar cells. Present photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiencies of champion thin-film solar cells are: CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) 19.5%, CdTe 16.5%, and a-Si:H 12.4%. Thin-film PV modules could spearhead production growth of photovoltaics in the United States because of their added production capacity. For this purpose, module efficiencies must be improved to the 13%–15% range. Obtaining Ohmic contacts is difficult, especially for CdTe, because of the inherently low p-type doping level. Therefore, increasing the p-type doping level is important. Growth of CIGSS film must be controlled carefully as it transitions from Cu-rich to In-rich composition. Other issues for CIGSS cells are minimizing indium consumption, and increasing process throughput of selenization∕sulfurization and transparent conducting oxide deposition. Development of all-dry processing for CdS deposition would be beneficial for both cells. This paper discusses basic devices and related issues.
Molecular neurodevelopment: An<i>in vivo</i><sup>31</sup>P-<sup>1</sup>H MRSI study (2009)

Synaptic development and elimination are normal neurodevelopmental processes, which if altered could contribute to various neuropsychiatric disorders. 31P-1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams were conducted on 105 healthy children ages 6-18 years old to identify neuromolecular indices of synaptic development and elimination. Over the age range studied, age-related changes in high-energy phosphate (phosphocreatine), membrane phospholipid metabolism (precursors and breakdown products), and percent gray matter volume were found. These neuromolecular and structural indices of synaptic development and elimination are associated with development of several cognitive domains. Monitoring of these molecular markers is essential for devising treatment strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Temperature impact (up to 200 &#x00B0;C) on performance and reliability of HfO<inf>2</inf>-based RRAMs (2013)

This paper provides an overview of the temperature impact (up to 200 °C) on the electrical behavior of oxide-based RRAM, during forming, low-field resistance reading, SET/RESET, disturb, data retention and endurance. HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -RRAM devices (in a 1T1R configuration) integrated in an advanced 65 nm technology are studied for this aim. We show that forming operation is strongly activated in temperature (i.e. −0.5 V per hundred Celsius degree), being much less for SET and RESET voltages (i.e. < −0.05 V per hundred Celsius degree); disturb of HRS at fixed voltage showed to be independent of temperature; endurance up to 3.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cycles, with optimized set of stress parameters showed no significant variation; data retention at 150 °C up to 68 days showed stable programming window, after different initial programming algorithms.
Preparation of (3.ALPHA.-3H)3.BETA.-hydroxy-18.BETA.- and 3.ALPHA.-hydroxy-18(.BETA. and .ALPHA.)-glycyrrhetic acid and radioimmunoassay of glycyrrhetic acid. (1988)

[3α-3H]3β-Hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetic acid (5) for radioimmunoassay (RIA) of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) was prepared along with a small amount of the 3α-hydroxy compound (6) by the reduction of 3-oxo-18β-GA (1) with [3H]sodium borohydride.The ratios of 3β-hydroxy to 3α-hydroxy-GA (7 : 8 and 9 : 10) in the reduciton products of 3-oxo-GA (1 and 2) with sodium borohydride, with hindered borohydride and with aluminum isopropoxide were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium borohydride and potassium tri-sec-butyl borohydride allowed stereoselective reduction of the 3-oxo group to the 3β-hydroxy and 3α-hydroxy group, respectively, leaving the 11-oxo group untouched. Potassium-tri-sec-butyl borohydride was the most useful reducing agent for preparation of 3α-hydroxy-GA(8 and 10) from 3-oxo-GA.Separation of the bound and free fraction for RIA of GA, in which anti-glycyrrhetyl-30-glycine-bovine serum albumin antiserum was used as the antibody, was carried out by a double antibody method using a goat antiserum to rabbit immunoglobulin G. A satisfactory standard curve for RIA of GA was obtained in the range of 2-200 ng/ml. The accuracy of this RIA of serum samples without extraction of GA from them is high, and should be satisfactory for application to pharmacodynamic studies of GA.
Artificial neural networks using MOS analog multipliers (1990)

A neural network implementation that uses MOSFET analog multipliers to construct weighted sums is described. The scheme permits asynchronous analog operation of Hopfield-style networks with fully programmable digital weights. This approach avoids the use of components that waste chip area of require special processing. Two small chips have been fabricated and tested-one implementing a fully connected (recursive) network and the other containing isolated portions of a neuron. The fully connected network chip successfully solves simple graph partitioning problems, in confirmation of network simulations performed using an analytic model of the analog neuron. This result verifies the operation of the complete network, including common-mode biasing circuits and connection weight data paths. A direct scaling of this chip would allow the complete integration of 81-neuron fully connected networks with 6-b plus sign connection weights using 1.25- mu m design rules on a 1-cm die.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Security Ontologies: Improving Quantitative Risk Analysis (2007)

IT-security has become a much diversified field and small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), in particular, do not have the financial ability to implement a holistic IT-security approach. We thus propose a security ontology, to provide a solid base for an applicable and holistic IT-security approach for SMEs, enabling low-cost risk management and threat analysis. Based on the taxonomy of computer security and dependability by Landwehr, a heavy-weight ontology can be used to organize and systematically structure knowledge on threats, safeguards, and assets. Using this ontology, each threat scenario can be simulated with a different protection profile as to evaluate the effectiveness and the cost/benefit ratio of individual safeguards
Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Malonates with Imines Catalyzed by a Chiral Calcium Complex (2010)

A chiral calcium complex was found to be effective for the Mannich reactions of malonates with N-Boc imines. The desired adducts were obtained in excellent yields (up to 95%) with moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 77% ee).
Epigenetic modifications of the Estrogen receptor beta gene in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. (2009)

The ERbeta promoter is differentially methylated in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, AzaC and TSA can inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth.
The hazards of fancy backtracking (1994)

There has been some recent interest in intelligent backtracking procedures that can return to the source of a difficulty without erasing the intermediate work. In this paper, we show that for some problems it can be counterproductive to do this, and in fact that such &quot;inteIIigence&quot; can cause an exponential increase in the size of the ultimate search space. We discuss the reason for this phenomenon, and we present one way to deal with it.
Temperature and size dependence of electron magnetic resonance spectra of Ni nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>matrix (2009)

Investigations of spin dynamics in Ni nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters D = 3.8, 11.7, 15 and 21 nm embedded in an amorphous SiO(2) matrix of composition 15/85 (Ni/SiO(2)) are reported using EMR (electron magnetic resonance) spectroscopy at 9.28 GHz. Three resonance lines are observed whose EMR parameters, namely linewidth ΔH, resonance field H(r) and intensity I(o), are measured from 5 to 300 K. Line 1 with temperature-independent ΔH = 50 Oe and g≈2, and intensity varying as 1/T, is shown to result from paramagnetic defects in the SiO(2) matrix. Lines 2 and 3, with g≈2.2 and 8, respectively, and temperature-dependent EMR parameters are assigned to Ni NPs. While line 2 with g≈2.2 is due to the majority of Ni NPs, the source of line 3 is discussed in terms of two possibilities: (i) large clusters of blocked Ni NPs and (ii) the inherent part of the composite asymmetric line made up of lines 2 and 3 predicted by the Raikher-Stepanov (RS) model for dispersed ferromagnets. The temperature dependence of ΔH (full width at half-maximum) of the composite line obtained by integration of the EMR spectra decreases with the increase in temperature, reaching a minimum near 300 K in agreement with the RS model. The observed decreasing asymmetry of the composite absorption spectra with increasing temperature is also in agreement with the predictions of the RS model, thus providing a satisfactory explanation for the observed temperature dependence of the EMR spectra of Ni NPs. Large clusters of blocked Ni NPs as the source of line 3 are ruled out and additional tests for the RS model are proposed. The decreasing magnetization with decreasing particle size of Ni NPs observed here is discussed in terms of the possible roles of the surface disordered spins and Ni-SiO(2) interaction.
Corner Stitching: A Data-Structuring Technique for VLSI Layout Tools (1984)

Corner stitching is a technique for representing rectangular two-dimensional objects. It is especially well suited for interactive VLSI layout editing systems. The data structure has two important features: first, empty space is represented explicitly; and second, rectangular areas are stitched together at their corners like a patchwork quilt. This organization results in fast algorithms (linear or constant expected time) for searching, creation, deletion, stretching, and compaction. The algorithms are presented under a simplified model of VLSI circuits, and the storage requirements of the structure are discussed. Corner stitching has been implemented in a working layout editor. Initial measurements indicate that it requires about three times as much memory space as the simplest possible representation.
Temperature and on-chip crosstalk measurement using ring oscillators in FPGA (2012)

Temperature management and signal integrity are two highly relevant challenges for nano scale CMOS devices. As temperature of integrated circuits affects the frequency of defect mechanisms' occurrence and consequently influences reliability, temperature monitoring is inevitable. To provide the necessary thermal sensors, different techniques are available. One is to use the temperature dependent speed of logic devices and perform a time to digital conversion. In this work, this approach is evaluated for the use in FPGAs. Furthermore, problems regarding signal integrity affect the reliability of highly integrated circuits. Therefore, we discuss the possibilities of crosstalk effects in FPGA and demonstrate a method for time to digital conversion in order to measure the impact of coupling capacitances in the interconnection structure of FPGAs. The main contribution of the introduced method is to enable simple post-production investigations for signal integrity of programmable devices.
On-Line Character Analysis and Recognition With Fuzzy Neural Networks (2001)

A new recognition system based on a neuro-fuzzy system, called FasArt, is proposed in this paper. Satisfactory results were obtained using the train_r01_v02 UNIPEN dataset, together with a comparison with the recognition rates achieved by independent human testers. Two methods for segmenting handwritten components into strokes are proposed, with better experimental results for the method based on biological models of handwriting, in terms of consistency and network complexity. A systematic experimental study of different codification schemes is also described, based on Shannon entropy and clustering maps. Finally, some steps towards the construction of an allograph lexicon are shown, that exploit the generation of fuzzy-rules by FasArt architecture.
The Furoxans (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe FuroxansJ. V. R. Kauman and J. P. PicardCite this: Chem. Rev. 1959, 59, 3, 429–461Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50027a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50027a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Korean Mobile Conversational Agent System (2008)

This paper presents a Korean conversational agent system in a mobile environment using natural language processing techniques. The aim of a conversational agent in mobile environment is to provide natural language interface and enable more natural interaction between a human and an agent. Constructing such an agent, it is required to develop various natural language understanding components and effective utterance generation methods. To understand spoken style utterance, we perform morphosyntactic analysis, shallow semantic analysis including modality classification and predicate argument structure analysis, and to generate a system utterance, we perform example based search which considers lexical similarity, syntactic similarity and semantic similarity.
Crying wolf (1994)

Over 94% of alarm soundings in a pediatric ICU may not be clinically important. Present monitoring systems are poor predictors of untoward events.
The possibility of switching action in a silicon thyristor structure with thick intrinsic layers† (1970)

An analysis is made of tho possibility of achieving switching action in a silicon thyristor structure which contains thick intrinsic layors to improve the high voltage performance. It is concluded that if the intrinsic layers are sufficiently thick to significantly improve on present thyristor voltage ratings then it will not bo possible to obtain controlled switching.
Berberine, a natural cholesterol reducing product, exerts antitumor cytostatic/cytotoxic effects independently from the mevalonate pathway (2006)

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the mevalonate pathway in the cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of berberine, a natural plant alkaloid that reduces cholesterol concentration. Berberine as well as lovastatin, an inhibitor of the mevalonate pathway, exerted dose-dependent cytostatic/cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231). Although the mevalonate pathway metabolites (mevalonic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate) effectively reversed cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of lovastatin against MDA-MB231 cells, they were not effective in influencing the cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of berberine. The cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of berberine do not seem to result from inhibition of the mevalonate pathway.