gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface waves of printed antennas on planar artificial periodic dielectric structures (2001)

The characteristics of surface waves from a Hertzian (elementary) dipole on a multilayer structure with planar periodic material elements are investigated. An integral-equation moment method in conjunction with an analytical array scanning scheme is applied to the boundary-value problem associated with source interaction with infinite periodic structures. A pole-extraction technique and the saddle-point method are applied to find the far-zone periodic surface waves due to a current source. The investigation provides a fundamental study of surface wave properties of printed circuit antennas on planar artificial periodic (photonic bandgap) structures. It is found from the power patterns that surface waves are suppressed in the directions with wave bandgap and greatly enhanced in the directions just outside the bandgap zones. The surface wave pattern may be highly directive and the beam angle varies with frequencies. The finding suggests possible frequency-space selection devices. Experiments are carried out to validate the surface wave bandgap phenomenon and the beam angle frequency-selection property.
Spermatogenesis‐related change in the synthesis of the creatine kinase B‐type and M‐type isoforms in human spermatozoa (1990)

We have demonstrated earlier that the per sperm creatine-N-phosphotransferase (CK) activity was increased in oligospermic vs. normospermic men. The increased sperm CK activity is related to higher concentrations of cellular CK, which may indicate a defect of cytoplasmic extrusion during spermatogenesis. In the present work, we examined whether in spermatozoa, similar to muscle, there is a change in the synthesis of B-CK and M-CK isoforms during cellular differentiation. In 109 normospermic and 50 oligospermic specimens (sperm concentrations 60.6 +/- 3.7 vs. 8.8 +/- 1.3 million sperm/ml; all values expressed as mean +/- SEM), the relative concentrations of the M-CK isoform (M-CK/M-CK + B-CK) were 27.2% +/- 2.1% vs. 6.7% +/- 0.9% (P less than 0.001). The per sperm CK activities showed comparable differences (0.21 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.1 CK IU/100 million sperm; P less than 0.001) in the two groups, and there was a close correlation between per sperm CK activities and M-CK concentrations (R = 0.69, P less than 0.001, N = 159). This indicates that the loss of cytoplasm and the commencement of M-CK isoform synthesis are related events during the last phase of spermatogenesis, also that the incidence of spermatozoa with incomplete cellular maturation is higher in oligospermic specimens. In characterizing the M-CK, we found that sperm (unlike muscle tissue) lack the MB hybrid of CK dimers. However, in the presence of muscle M-CK, the muscle-sperm MB-CK hybrid has formed. Thus in sperm and muscle the M-CK isoforms are structurally different, whereas the B-CKs are apparently homologous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Body contacts in InP-based InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs andtheir effects on breakdown voltage and kink suppression (1995)

The authors investigate the effects of body contacts in InP-based In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As HEMTs. A body contact connecting a floating InAlAs buffer to an ohmic electrode is formed by a buried p-layer and the Zn-diffused p+-region in the electrode. The body contact successfully prevents holes generated by impact ionisation from accumulating in the channel, resulting in higher breakdown voltage and kink-free I/V characteristics.
Thermal Annealing of Fluorocarbon Films Grown by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (2001)

Annealing alters the stability, structure, and morphology of fluorocarbon films grown from hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) using hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) precursor. The composition of these films is greater than 97% CF2. The as-deposited film in this study contains extraneous hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl/carboxyl (CO/COO) groups, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Such groups are found to be thermally labile and lead to two film decomposition regimes, centered at 150 and 300 °C. This is similar to the two decomposition onsets at 150−250 and 300 °C observed in irradiated bulk PTFE, which are attributed to the loss of peroxy radicals and COOH groups, respectively. A postdeposition 1 h 400 °C in situ vacuum anneal reduced the OH and CO/COO groups in the HFCVD film to below FTIR detection limits. This postanneal film is found to be stable up to 400 °C with no evidence of structural changes. The surface morphology of the film quenched from the 1 h 400 °C in situ vacuum anneal, as imaged by optical microscopy (OM), resembles that of the as-deposited film, showing no discernible surface features. However, for a film quenched from the 1 h 325 °C in situ vacuum anneal, significant crystalline spherulites of up to ∼1 mm in diameter are observed through OM. This is attributed to favorable crystallization in the proximity of the melting temperature of bulk PTFE. Intensity differences in FTIR absorption peaks in this film, compared to the other films, also support the morphological differences seen.
Idiotype variant cell populations in patients with B cell lymphoma. (1986)

Using isolated idiotype (Id) protein we generated panels of antibodies in two patients with follicular lymphoma, one of whom had never received prior chemo-or radiotherapy. Flow cytometry and frozen section tissue staining of tumor with these monoclonal antibodies (mAb) revealed multiple subpopulations within each tumor. Individual mAb stained between 7% and 83% of surface Ig+ cells in the tumor samples. These subpopulations were overlapping and no single antibody recognized all the tumor cells. However, combinations of antibodies seemed to capture total tumor in both cases. In some instances, the percentage of tumor stained by a single mAb varied over time, and differed between lymph nodes sampled at the same time. Because a single species of Id protein was used to generate mAb in each case, it appears that the antibodies were directed against idiotopes variably shared by different populations within each tumor, and this was confirmed by crossblocking studies. Tumor cells from one patient were fused to a nonsecreting heteromyeloma line K6H6/B5, and most of the resulting hybrids secreted Id protein. Four mAb were used to screen the Id proteins secreted by these hybrids, and 11 different variants (16 maximal) were found. Southern blot analysis of rearranged Ig genes was done in two hybrids and biopsy material. Identically rearranged light-chain genes were seen but it appeared as though extensive somatic variation had occurred in heavy chain genes. These studies indicate that: striking Id variation can exist at diagnosis in untreated patients, the percentage of tumor represented by an individual variant may change with time and may differ between tumor sampled from different anatomical locations, and somatic variation appears to be responsible for the observed heterogeneity. Although this degree of variation makes anti-Id antibody therapy more difficult, appropriate combinations of mAb should be more efficacious than single antibodies in such cases.
Variant Forms of Human Interleukin-3 (IL-3) Linked to Truncated Diphtheria Toxin (DT388), Have Enhanced Cytotoxicity Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Progenitors. (2004)

Abstract To develop a cytotoxic drug which targets the IL-3 receptor (IL-3R) on human AML cells we previously developed a fusion protein containing a truncated form of diphtheria toxin which lacks the native binding site (DT388) fused to human IL-3. This molecule kills leukemic progenitors from many AML patients while showing little toxicity to normal hematopoietic progenitors. However, some AML samples showed little or no cell kill after exposure to this molecule. To attempt to improve the cytotoxicity of DT388IL-3 two variants of the toxin were constructed which contain alterations in the IL-3 residues that are designed to enhance binding affinity to the IL-3R. The two variants, DT388IL3[K116W] and DT388IL3[D125-133], have substitution of a hydrophobic tryptophan group at the 116 position and an eight amino acid deletion from the C-terminus of the IL-3 molecule, respectively, while the catalytic and translocation domains of DT388 remain unchanged. These variant DT388IL3 molecules and the unmodified ‘native’ fusion toxin were compared for their ability to kill AML colony forming cells (AML-CFC) from the peripheral blood of 13 newly-diagnosed AML patients and myeloid CFC from 3 normal bone marrows (NBM). AML and NBM cells were cultured for 24h with or without fusion toxin at concentrations varying between 1 and 250 ng/ml prior to plating in CFC assays. Little or no AML-CFC kill was observed for 3/13 samples. The mean % AML-CFC kill for the remaining 10 AML samples ranged from 21 – 61% for the lowest and highest concentration of native DT388IL3 tested and was significantly higher (P<0.05, paired T test) for both variants at all concentrations tested (mean 36 – 72% kill and 44 – 91% kill for the D125-133 and K116W variants, respectively, at 1-250 ng/ml). There was no significant increased kill of NBM CFC with either variant (mean % kill ranging from 4 – 44%, 17 – 58% and 19 – 54% for the native toxin, D125-133 and K116W variants, respectively, at 1-250 ng/ml). The K116W variant achieved the greatest AML-CFC kill for 7 of the 10 responding AML samples, with >90% kill achieved for 6 of these at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. The concentration of DT388IL3[Kll6W] required to achieve ≥50% kill of AML-CFC was on average ≥5-fold lower than the concentration of native toxin required to achieve the same effect. Thus, the variant DT388IL3 molecules tested show enhanced cytotoxic activity against AML progenitors with little change in the toxicity profile against normal hematopoietic precursors. In particular, the DT388IL3[K116W] variant warrants further testing against more primitive normal and leukemic progenitors as a potentially promising new therapeutic agent for AML. Such studies are underway.
Inhalant abuse: a growing public health concern in india (2003)

Sir—Inhalant abuse has been widely reported in Western countries. Studies on the general population have yielded prevalence rates of 5–15% for young people as having used inhalants in the United States [1], 3–6% in Canada [2] and 6–7% in the United Kingdom [3]. In India, there is a comparative lack of data pertaining to inhalant abuse: so far only a single case series and a few case reports have been reported [4–6]. The reason for the relative paucity of literature from India may be attributed to a lack of awareness among mental health professionals. They fail to elicit information pertaining to solvent abuse/dependence in epidemiologic and clinic-based studies. Inhalants are widely available everywhere, and their abuse is becoming a significant public health problem in India, more so due to the lack of knowledge among the general population and even the medical fraternity regarding their abuse potential. We studied 10 children: three of whom presented to our clinic in a city in northern India; the remaining were contacted by our community team. The mean age was 11.4 years. Most of the children were from a low socioeconomic background and had dropped out of school. Most of them were working, mainly in order to supplement the family income. All the children were abusing correction fluid and its thinner, containing toluene. Petrol and nail polish remover were the other solvents used by these children. Other commonly used substances in this group were tobacco, cannabis and alcohol (in descending order). The parents of six of the children were not aware of the substance use at the time of contact. The children reported using the correction fluid because of its easy accessibility, cheap price, the small size of the container (making it easy to conceal), its fast onset of action and the regular 'high' that it provided. On investigating further, we found that the problem is quite rampant. Therefore, we have instituted a 'Snowball technique' where the children under treatment become prime motivators to bring other children to the treatment centre for weekly group therapy sessions. We have initiated pamphlet distribution among the general population, newspaper articles to spread awareness in the community and puppet shows to educate and sensitize people as to the dangers associated with the practice. Some intervention on the part of the Government is also required and legislation may be enacted so that such substances are not available to minors. Detailed and systematic studies are required to research the extent of the problem, identify the reasons for the high prevalence of inhalant abuse among children and identify effective intervention strategies.
Effects of low-moisture extrusion cooking on the chemical composition and nutritional value of whole soybeans. (1989)

エクストルーダーによる大豆タンパク質の組織化に最低必要とされている140℃よりもかなり高い温度 (175, 216, 239℃) で全粒大豆を二軸エクストルーダーで処理し, 以下の結果を得た。1) 処理温度が高くなるに従って褐変現象は顕著となったが, 塩酸加水分解後定量のアミノ酸の組成には差は認められなかった。さらに, FDNB法によって求めた有効性リジン含量についても変化は認められなかった。2) レクチン, ウレアーゼおよびトリプシン・インヒビターはほぼ完全に失活した。3) トリプシン・インヒビターの失活により, トリプシンによる人工消化試験での消化性は顕著に高くなった。また, 動物実験によって求めた栄養価 (PER, BV, NPU) についても顕著な向上が認められた。
Strong near-infrared photoluminescence in erbium/ytterbium codoped porous silicon (2005)

Erbium ions and ytterbium ions (1021∕cm3) were electrochemically codoped into porous silicon. When compared with the Er-doped porous silicon we found two salient features in its photoluminescence. One is that the 1.54μm emission of Er3+ ions was 50 times stronger under 980nm laser excitation at room temperature. This is due to the high efficiency of the Yb3+→Er3+ energy transfer. The other is that the photoluminescence intensity increases rapidly with temperature, while that in Er-doped porous silicon decreases monotonically with temperature. Our results show that the codoped Er∕Yb porous silicon has a promising potential for the application in optical communications.
Wind Tunnel Tests on a Different Phase Three-Stage Savonius Rotor (2005)

In order to decrease the torque variation of a Savonius rotor and improve the starting characteristics, a new type of Savonius rotor, which has three stages with 120-degree bucket phase shift between the adjacent stages, has been designed and made. Wind tunnel tests make it clear that both the static and dynamic torque variations in one revolution of this three-stage rotor have been greatly smoothed in comparison with an ordinary one-stage rotor, which means the improvement of the starting characteristics. The torque characteristics of the rotors with guide vanes were also measured. The guide vanes increased the torque coefficient on the average in the low tip speed ratio but decreased the torque coefficient in high tip speed ratio. Although the present three-stage rotor needs improvement of the aspect ratio of each stage, the three-stage rotor with no guide vane had better torque characteristics than the one-stage rotor with guide vanes for tip speed ratio larger than 0.8.
A vertical stepper for synchrotron x-ray lithography (1989)

A newly developed synchrotron x-ray stepper installed at a port of an electron storage ring of the NTT Synchrotron Facility1–3 is described. The stepper exposes wafers in a normal atmosphere to vertically scanned synchrotron x rays with continuous alignment control throughout the exposure. The key devices of the stepper are a vertical x–y stage and an optical-heterodyne alignment system. The x–y stage fully utilizes air lubricated ceramic components including air bearing lead screws and achieves 5 nm motion precision over a 200 mm stroke. The optical-heterodyne alignment system detects both lateral and gap displacements between the mask and wafer gratings with accuracies of 10 and 100 nm, respectively. After wafer step positioning using a laser interferometer, alignment between the mask and wafer is executed using the optical-heterodyne signal. In several exposure experiments, alignment capability is estimated to be better than ±0.14 μm as a 3σ value of machine repeatability. Also, several applications to device fabrication confirmed that the vertical stepper is feasible in quarter- to half-micron x-ray lithography.
Gene Therapy--New Challenges Ahead (2003)

The successful use of retroviral gene transfer to treat 10 patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) has been welcomed as evidence of the therapeutic potential of gene therapy. However, as Williams and Baum suggest in their Perspective, the discovery that 2 of the 10 patients developed leukemia within 3 years of gene therapy (Hacein-Bey-Abina et al.) reinforces the need to develop even more specific gene therapy interventions.
Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Crystallization of the purified enzyme and its properties. (1978)

Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) from calf liver was purified to homogeneity by crystallization. The purified enzyme exhibited one single component in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. But by Ampholine gel electrophoresis, two isoelectric focusing variants were observed, with pI values at 5.8 and 6.0. when subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, one major subunit with a molecular weight of 60,000 was found; five other minor subunit variants were also observed, with molecular weights ranging between 50,000 and 57,000. These minor subunit variants comprised approximately 15% of the total protein applied. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 237,500 by gradient gel electrophoresis. The native enzyme is probably composed of four subunits, each with a molecular weight of not more than 60,000. Amino acid analyses of the purified enzyme revealed the presence of 1.2 residues of glucosamine/mol of enzyme, in addition to all of the common amino acids. The presence of enzyme-bound NAD was confirmed, probably 1 NAD molecule bound/enzyme subunit. In addition to adenosine, 3-deazaadenosine was found to be an effective substrate as well in the direction of synthesis.
<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> GRD and LCCH3 subunits form heteromultimeric GABA‐gated cation channels (2004)

In addition to its action as a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to mediate excitatory action by activating cation currents in some cell types in invertebrates. However, to date no GABA receptor capable of mediating such action has been identified at the molecular level in insects. Using a systematic expression screening approach, we found that the Drosophila ligand-gated ion channel subunits GRD and LCCH3 combine to form cation-selective GABA-gated ion channels when coexpressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The heteromultimeric receptor is activated by GABA (EC50=4.5 microm), muscimol (EC50=4.8 microm) and trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (EC50=104.5 microm), and partially by cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (EC50=106.3 microm). Picrotoxin effectively blocked the GABA-gated channel (IC50=0.25 microm), but bicuculline, TPMTA, dieldrin and lindane did not. The benzodiazepines flunitrazepam and diazepam did not potentiate the GABA-evoked current. Our data suggest that heteromultimeric channels composed of GRD and LCCH3 subunits form GABA-gated cation channels in insects.
Hyperspectral Microscopy of Flowing Cells (2013)

We present a system that collects a bright field image and a set of hyperspectral fluorescence images of cells travelling through a microfluidic channel, using a single monochrome camera and a linear variable bandpass filter.
Klima (1980)

Unter Klima versteht man „die meteorologischen Zustände und Vorgänge während eines Zeitraumes, der hinreichend lang sein muß, um alle für diesen Ort bezeichnenden atmosphärischen Vorkommnisse in charakteristischer Häufigkeitsverteilung zu erhalten“ (Schneider — Carius). Als „Klimaelemente“ bezeichnete Georgii (1) die Strahlung, Temperatur der Luft, Niederschlag, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Bewölkung, Luftdruck u. a., als „Klimafaktoren“ die geographisch bestimmten Elemente (geographische Länge und Breite, Höhenlage u. a.). Hier soll vor allem das Großklima behandelt werden (nicht das Regional- und Lokalklima). Zur Kennzeichnung des Klimas sind Messungen der Temperatur, der Niederschläge u. a. etwa 30 Jahre lang erforderlich. In dieser Zeit weist das Klima im allgemeinen geringe Schwankungen um einen Mittelwert auf. In unserer Zeit sind die Schwankungen relativ stark, so daß der Verdacht einer Klimaänderung besteht. Kurzzeitige (z.B. Wochen, Monate) lokal begrenzte starke Schwankungen werden besser als Wetter- bzw. Witterungs-Anomalien bezeichnet. — In der „Euro-Umwelt“ vom 21. 10. 78 werden einige Witterungsextreme seit 1960 aufgeführt: In England waren z.B. 1962/63 der kälteste, 1963/64 der trockenste Winter seit 1740 (bzw. 1743), 1974/75 der mildeste Winter seit 1834. — Im November 1972 verwüstete der heftigste Orkan die Wälder Niedersachsens. Im selben Jahr richtete ein Hurrikan im Osten der USA einen Schaden von 3 Mrd Dollar an, das schwerste Unwetter Nordamerikas.
High Performance CIS Solar Modules: Status of Production and Development at Johanna Solar Technology (2009)

This article describes the process of CIGSSe module production as applied by Johanna Solar Technology in Brandenburg, Germany. Since start of production in late 2008 the stability as well as the efficiency of the solar modules has improved remarkably to a current record aperture efficiency of 11.6%. Recently the black solar modules have been TÜV certified according to IEC 61646 and IEC 61730. For appealing architectural and buildingintegrated PV applications prototypes of CIGSSe colour solar modules are presented for the first time showing brilliant red, green and blue colours. The colour modules will be available in the same power classes as the black modules
Synthesis of N-p-Toluenesulphonyl-2-alkenyl Aziridines by Regioselective Aziridination of 1,3-Dienes (1995)

The regioselective copper catalysed aziridination of 1,3-dienes using PhI=NTs is reported. For unsymmetrical dienes, the major product is that resulting from reaction of the more electron rich double bond. When the two double bonds are electronically similar, steric hindrance governs the selectivity. In some cases rearrangement of the vinyl aziridine to the corresponding 3-pyrroline was observed. The reaction of 1,3-cyclooctadiene gave the 3-pyrroline (5) exclusively.
Vendor selection and order quantity allocation in volume discount environments (2003)

This article presents a multiobjective mixed integer programming approach to simultaneously determine the number of vendors to employ and the order quantities to allocate to these vendors in a multiple‐product, multiple‐supplier competitive sourcing environment. The selection process is driven by the price, delivery, and quality objectives of the buyer and subject to the capacity constraints of the vendors. In this context, the vendors offer discounts on total amount of sales volumes not on the quantity or variety of products purchased from them. The paper presents a solution methodology to the multiobjective problem. Results of a computational experiment suggest that real‐world applications of the proposed model are both computationally practical and realistic.