gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating planning and reacting in a heterogeneous asynchronous architecture for controlling real-world mobile robots (1992)

This paper presents a heterogeneous, asynchronous architecture for controlling autonomous mobile robots which is capable of controlling a robot performing multiple tasks in real time in noisy, unpredictable environments. The architecture produces behavior which is reliable, task-directed (and taskable), and reactive to contingencies. Experiments on real and simulated realworld robots are described. The architecture smoothly integrates planning and reacting by performing these two functions asynchronously using heterogeneous architectural elements, and using the results of planning to guide the robot's actions but not to control them directly. The architecture can thus be viewed as a concrete implementation of Agre and Chapman's plans-ascommunications theory. The central result of this work is to show that completely unmodified classical AI programming methodologies using centralized world models can be usefully incorporated into real-world embedded reactive systems.
Frequency and genome load of Epstein–Barr virus in 509 breast cancers from different geographical areas* (2001)

Since the few data exploring a possible association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and breast cancer are conflicting, we investigated this association together with the influences of geographical areas. 509 breast cancers were sampled from areas with varying risks of nasopharynx carcinoma (NPC) such as North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia, high-risk area); southern France (Marseille, intermediate-risk area); and northern Europe (northern France, the Netherlands and Denmark; low-risk areas). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a subregion of EBV BamHIC encoding the EBERs demonstrated that 31.8% of the tumours contained the viral genome. No significant differences were observed among the geographical areas. However, positive samples showed higher loads of the EBV genome in the NPC high- and intermediate-risk areas than in the low-risk areas. EBV type 1 was the dominant strain. In situ hybridization studies using a(35)S-labelled riboprobe for EBER1 and a laser capture microdissection, combined with quantitative PCR, showed that EBV localization was restricted to some tumour epithelial cell clusters. EBV could not be detected in the stroma. Considering the whole population covered, the presence of the EBV genome was not correlated with age, menopausal status, tumour, size, nodal status or histological grade.
Maternal Vitamin B12 Status and Risk of Neural Tube Defects in a Population With High Neural Tube Defect Prevalence and No Folic Acid Fortification (2009)

Deficient or inadequate maternal vitamin B(12) status is associated with a significantly increased risk for neural tube defects. We suggest that women have vitamin B(12) levels of >300 ng/L (221 pmol/L) before becoming pregnant. Improving B(12) status beyond this level may afford a further reduction in risk, but this is uncertain.
Interferon Production under the Control of Heterologous Inducible Enhancers and Promoters (1988)

In a search for a useful enhancer to control expression of interferon (IFN) gene in mammalian cells, mouse IFN-beta cDNA ligated 3' downstream to the enhancer-promoter of either mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) or Drosophila heat shock protein (HSP) was introduced into various cultured cells by calcium-phosphate precipitation method, and the level of IFN transiently produced was compared. In the case of the MT-I enhancer-promoter, low levels of IFN were produced without induction (0-21 IU/ml) and the level increased 5-50 times by heavy metals. In contrast, the basal level of expression of the HSP enhancer-promoter was very low and its expression was increased several hundred to thousand times by heat shock or arsenite. Thus the HSP enhancer-promoter appears to be a potent inducible element with very low basal level and high inducibility.
Intraoperative guidance in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery (1997)

The authors' experiences with intraoperative computer assisted guidance in interventions in oromaxillofacial and craniofacial surgery are reported. The guidance system SPOCS (Surgical Planning and Orientation Computer Systems, Aesculap, Germany) consists of an infrared light emitting system of diodes and camera, an imaging workstation and assorted freehand instruments. The software is an updated version of the well-known Viewing Wand software (ISG Technologies, Canada). In tests on phantoms, the system proved a mean accuracy of less than 1.5 mm. Within the last 15 clinical tests, the system has achieved an accuracy better than 3 mm which, at the moment, the authors estimate to be sufficient to proceed with its clinical evaluation. Using bone screws to register the patient's position, an accuracy in the range of less than 2 mm in relation to bony reference points has been achieved. By visualizing the tip of the instrument in real time, this technique allows surgical interventions, even in anatomically complicated situations, without endangering vital neighbouring structures. The 'offset' function of the software, by which the surgeon can elongate the tip of the instrument virtually, allows the surgeon to analyse structures before they are penetrated by the instrument as in a 'look ahead' operation. The authors expect computer assisted simulation and guidance systems to improve surgical quality and reduce the risks associated with surgical interventions.
Pharmacokinetics of the H1-receptor antagonist ebastine and its active metabolite carebastine in healthy subjects. (1994)

Pharmacokinetics of ebastine (CAS 90729-43-4), a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, was evaluated in healthy male volunteers. The subjects were given single oral doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg of ebastine (5 or 6 subjects) and repeated oral doses of 20 mg once daily for 7 days (6 subjects). Administration of ebastine resulted in a negligible level of the unchanged drug in plasma and urine. Mean plasma concentration of carebastine (CAS 90729-42-3), an active carboxylated metabolite, reached maximum levels of 40, 112, 195 and 388 ng/ml at 4-6 h after single oral administration of ebastine at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg, respectively. Plasma levels of carebastine showed a first-order decrease with apparent half-lives of 13.8 to 15.3 h. The Cmax and AUC of carebastine increased in proportion to the dose. Urinary excretion of carebastine during 72 h after single administration accounted for 1.3-1.8% of the dose. Food intake did not affect the pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal absorption of ebastine. Repeated administrations of ebastine once daily for 7 days did not cause any change in the pharmacokinetics of ebastine and carebastine. Plasma concentration of carebastine reached the steady state on day 4. The Cmax (360-396 ng/ml) was 1.6- to 1.7-fold greater than that after the first administration (229 ng/ml). These results strongly suggest that carebastine is responsible for the antihistamine activity after administration of ebastine.
Activity and metabolism of 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide in human lymphoid tumor cells in culture. (1983)

The antitumor activity of the C-nucleoside, 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (TR), was investigated in four human lymphoid tumor cell lines in culture. Exposure of the cell lines CCRF-CEM (T-cell leukemia), HUT-78 (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), NALM-1 (B-cell leukemia), and MOLT-4 (T-cell leukemia) for 72 hr to TR resulted in 50% inhibitory concentration of 30, 27, 7, and 6 microM, respectively. Maximum inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis occurred 6 hr after drug treatment. The 50% inhibitory concentration of TR among the four cell lines varied from 5 to 8 microM for RNA synthesis and from 4 to 8 microM for DNA synthesis. Nucleotide analyses in MOLT-4 cells after 6 hr of drug exposure to 10 and 100 microM TR revealed increased inosine 5'-monophosphate concentrations which were 18- to 20-fold greater than control levels and a parallel reduction of 82 and 100% in guanosine 5'-monophosphate concentrations. Growth inhibition of MOLT-4 cells by 6 hr exposure to TR was almost fully reversible by addition of 50 microM guanosine to the medium for 18 hr. Analyses by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed two metabolites of TR in all four cell lines, namely, thiazolecarboxamide riboside 5'-monophosphate and thiazolecarboxamide adenine dinucleotide, the latter of which is a potent inhibitor of inosine-5-'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. These results suggest that the antitumor effects of TR in human tumor cell lines may relate to guanine nucleotide depletion.
Fluid-Dynamic Lift: Practical Information on Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Lift (1975)

This book has been written for both the practicing engineer and the student. It is designed so that the physical aspects of the problem can be understood as well as to provide solutions. The book is not just a collection of data but brings together and integrates the material to form as complete a picture as possible. The many sources of data used are given to provide material for any desired expanded studies.
Target‐controlled infusions (1999)

We would like to report the unusual case of failure to deliver propofol during a pneumonectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia. A 20-g cannula was sited in the dorsum of the left hand and a 14-g cannula in the left forearm. A ‘Diprifusor’ was connected to the 20-g cannula and the fluid drip to the 14-g cannula. The patient was placed in the left lateral position for right thoracotomy. During the case, we inadvertently allowed the fluid drip to empty. Sometime later, we noticed that a mixture of blood and propofol were tracking up the giving set towards the empty infusion bag (Fig. 1). The upper limb has superficial and deep veins, which freely anastomose. A communicating vein frequently connects the dorsal venous network of the hand with the cephalic vein about mid-forearm [1]. Smaller deep veins contain more valves than superficial veins but these too may prove incompetent. If two infusions are connected into this venous system there is the opportunity for drug administered through one cannula to exit through the other. Use of colourless infusions (e.g. remifentanil) and line connections covered by drapes would require additional care. Target-controlled infusions clearly rely upon successful drug delivery. Occlusion of the infusion line or backflow into another cannula in the same arm may lead to inaccurate delivery. A one-way valve should be considered for any ‘nonpumped’ intravenous line. The use of separate limbs for different infusions may avoid the problem but this might be interfered with by the noninvasive blood pressure cuff and reduces patient comfort. Unlike end-tidal volatile agent monitoring, we have no direct method of measuring plasma propofol levels. When using infusor-calculated plasma drug concentrations, vigilance and recognising limitations of equipment remains the key.
Sucrose Concentration in Blood: A New Method for Assessment of Gastric Permeability in Horses with Gastric Ulceration (2006)

A urine sucrose test has recently been reported to be a reliable method of detecting gastric ulcers in horses; however, technical difficulties associated with urine collection have limited the practical value of the test. The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether gastric sucrose permeability, as evaluated by serum sucrose concentration, could be used to detect gastric mucosal injury in horses. Twelve adult horses with naturally acquired gastric ulceration were studied. After a 20-hour nonfeeding period, each horse was dosed with 250 g of sucrose via nasogastric intubation. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, and horses underwent gastroscopy 4 hours later. The severity of gastric ulceration in each horse was defined by means of a 4-point ulcer-scoring system, and the relationship with serum sucrose concentration was analyzed by means of a linear mixed-effects model. Serum sucrose concentration was measured by liquid chromatography operating in tandem with electrospray mass spectrometry. After nasogastric administration of table sugar, horses with moderate to severe gastric ulceration had significant increase in serum sucrose concentration at 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, relative to earlier times (P < .05). Peak sucrose concentration was observed at 45 minutes, and was correlated with ulcer severity (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.898, P < .05). These data indicate that determination of sucrose concentration in equine serum may be a useful test for identifying horses with endoscopically visible gastric ulceration and has potential use as a noninvasive method for screening and monitoring horses engaged in racing training and other performance-related disciplines.
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Is a Tumor Suppressor of Human Breast Cancer (2006)

Prostaglandin E(2) plays a growth-stimulatory role in breast cancer, and the rate-limiting enzyme in its synthesis, cyclooxygenase-2, is often overexpressed in these cancers. Little is known about the role of the key prostaglandin catabolic enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in breast cancer pathogenesis. Using a pharmacologically based screen for epigenetically silenced genes, we found low levels of 15-PGDH in MDA-MB-231 cells [estrogen receptor (ER) negative] but high levels in MCF-7 cells (ER positive) and observed its up-regulation following demethylation treatment. Further analysis revealed methylation of the 15-PGDH promoter in one breast cancer cell line and 30% of primary tumors. Analysis of 15-PGDH expression revealed low levels in 40% of primary breast tumors and identified a correlation between 15-PGDH and ER expression. Transfection assays showed that transient up-regulation of 15-PGDH levels in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in a decreased clonal growth, and stable up-regulation significantly decreased the ability of these cells to form tumors in athymic mice. In contrast, transient silencing of 15-PGDH in MCF-7 cells resulted in their enhanced proliferation, and a stable silencing in these cells enhanced cell cycle entry in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Forced expression of 15-PGDH inhibited the ER pathway and silencing of 15-PGDH up-regulated expression of aromatase. In addition, 15-PGDH levels were down-regulated by estrogen but up-regulated by the tumor suppressor gene CAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha. Our results indicate for the first time that 15-PGDH may be a novel tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, and suggest that this enzyme can modulate the ER pathway.
Optimization Techniques to Speed Up the Page Loading in Custom Web Browsers (2015)

Web automation applications are widely used for different purposes such as B2B integration, web mashups, automated testing of web applications, Internet metasearch or technology and business watch. One crucial part in intensive web automation applications, that require real time responses, is for them to execute the navigation sequences in the shortest possible time. The approach of building the automatic web navigation component by using the APIs of conventional browsers, followed by most of the current systems, is not appropriate in that scenario, because it presents performance problems. Other approach consist in creating custom browsers specially designed for web automation, which can develop some improvements based in the peculiarities of the web automation tasks. In this work, we present a new set of techniques and algorithms that allow the parallel evaluation of the scripting code when a custom browser loads a web page. We also outline the components that should be included in the custom browser architecture to implement these techniques. The tests executed with real web sources, to evaluate the validity of our proposal, show that a custom web browser loads the web pages faster when the scripts are executed in parallel using the designed techniques.
Design of stable two-dimensional IIR filters using digital spectral transformations (1986)

In this paper, a new theory is presented for the design of 2-D IIR filters using the transformation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z = H_1(z_1)H_2(z_2)</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_1(z_1)</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_2(z_2)</tex> are stable, digital spectral transformations, originally proposed by Constantinides for a different purpose. This transformation is found to be analogous to McClellan's transformation for designing 2-D FIR filters like the circular, elliptic-support and fan filters. But the design of these filters, using our method, involves only a one-dimensional search procedure and not any optimization. The design procedure is very simple and guarantees stability of the resulting IIR filters at the same time. Design examples are included to illustrate the theory and also its relative simplicity.
Influence of extracellular magnesium on capillary endothelial cell proliferation and migration. (1990)

We investigated the role of extracellular magnesium on capillary endothelial cell migration and proliferation, components of endothelial cell function that play an important role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Cell migration and proliferation were tested in six different MgSO4 concentrations and in various culture conditions. The Boyden chamber procedure was used to evaluate migration of bovine adrenal cortex capillary endothelial cells. We found that low magnesium concentration inhibited cell migration, but a dose-dependent increase in migration was observed when magnesium level was increased beyond the normal serum concentration (up to 2.4 mM magnesium; p less than 0.0001). Cell proliferation was also inhibited by very low magnesium concentration, an effect observed under all conditions studied. When cell proliferation was stimulated by acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors, it appeared that a ceiling was reached, an increasing magnesium concentration had no additional stimulatory effect. However, a dose-dependent increase in proliferation (p less than 0.005) was observed when magnesium concentration was increased above the normal serum level (0.8 mM) in culture conditions that did not cause marked cell proliferation. Thus, magnesium has an important role in endothelial cell migration and proliferation: very low extracellular magnesium concentrations inhibit and supranormal levels enhance both migration and proliferation. These results suggest that magnesium deficiency might adversely influence the healing and reendothelialization of vascular injuries and the healing of myocardial infarction and might also result in delayed or inadequate angiogenesis, effects potentially leading to infarct expansion and inadequate collateral development.
Geochemical and mineralogical interpretation of the Viking inorganic chemical results (1977)

The elemental analyses whose basis is described in the preceding two papers represent the composition of samples of Martian fines; the only undetermined major constituents thought to be present are H2O, CO2, Na2O, and possibly NOx. The samples are principally silicate particles, with some admixture of oxide and probably carbonate minerals; the fines appear to have been indurated to a variable degree by a sulfate-rich intergranular cement. The overall elemental composition is dissimilar to any single known mineral or rock type and apparently represents a mixture of materials. Close chemical similarity among samples at each site, and between the two sites, indicates effective homogenization of the fines, presumably by planetary windstorms, and further suggests that the samples analyzed represent the fine, mobilizable materials over a large part of the planet's surface. Low trace element, alkali, and alumina contents suggest that the great preponderance of the materials in the mixture is of mafic derivation; highly differentiated, salic igneous rocks or their weathering products are insignificant components of the samples. Normative calculations, comparisons with reference libraries of analytical data, and mathematical mixture modeling have led to a qualitative mineralogical model in which the fines consist largely of iron-rich smectites (or their degradation products), carbonates, iron oxides, probably in part maghemite, and sulfate minerals concentrated in a surface duricrust. The original smectites may have formed by interaction of mafic magma and subsurface ice, and the sulfates (and carbonates?) may have been concentrated in the surface crust by subsurface leaching, upward transport, and evaporation of intergranular moisture films. Testing and refinement of this and competing models will accompany continuing acquisition of samples and data and refinement of the analyses, particularly with respect to the critical light elements Mg, Al, and Si.
Multistream Faster than Nyquist Signaling (2009)

We extend Mazo's concept of faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling to pulse trains that modulate a bank of subcarriers, a method called two dimensional FTN signaling. The signal processing is similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplex(OFDM) transmission but the subchannels are not orthogonal. Despite nonorthogonal pulses and subcarriers, the method achieves the isolated-pulse error performance; it does so in as little as half the bandwidth of ordinary OFDM. Euclidean distance properties are investigated for schemes based on several basic pulses. The best have Gaussian shape. An efficient distance calculation is given. Concatenations of ordinary codes and FTN are introduced. The combination achieves the outer code gain in as little as half the bandwidth. Receivers must work in two dimensions, and several iterative designs are proposed for FTN with outer convolutional coding.
Integrating the natural environment into a GIS for decision support (1999)

No abstract available.
<i>IsGISAXS</i>: a program for grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of supported islands (2002)

This paper describes a Fortran program, IsGISAXS , for the simulation and analysis of grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) of islands supported on a substrate. As is usual in small-angle scattering of particles, the scattering cross section is expressed in terms of an island form factor and interference function. However, the emphasis is placed on the specificity of the grazing-incidence geometry, in particular in the evaluation of the island form factor in the distorted-wave Born approximation. A library of simple geometrical shapes is available. A full account of size and possible shape distributions is given in the decoupling approximation, where sizes and positions are not correlated, and in the local monodisperse approximation. Two types of island repartitions on the substrate are considered: disordered systems characterized by their particle–particle pair correlation functions, and bidimensional crystalline or paracrystalline systems of particles.