gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and interrogation of highly informative single nucleotide polymorphism sets defined by bacterial multilocus sequence typing databases (2003)

A unified, bioinformatics-driven, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based approach to microbial genotyping has been developed. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) databases consist of known variants of standardized housekeeping genes. Normally, seven fragments are defined; a sequence type (ST) consists of the variants of these fragments that are found in a particular isolate. A computer program that can identify highly informative sets of SNPs in entire MLST databases has been constructed. The SNPs either define a particular user-specified ST or provide a high value for Simpson's index of diversity (D), and may thus be generally applicable to that species. SNP sets that are diagnostic for Neisseria meningitidis ST-11 and ST-42, and high-D SNP sets for N. meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus, were identified and real-time PCR methods to interrogate these SNPs were demonstrated. High-D SNP sets were also identified in other MLST databases. This widely applicable approach allows rapid genetic fingerprinting of infectious agents.
Antifungal pharmacodynamic characteristics of fluconazole and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans (1998)

The activity of fluconazole and amphotericin B against three isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans was evaluated, with fluconazole and amphotericin B MICs of 2.0-4.0 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L respectively, using time-kill curve methods. Fluconazole was fungistatic against all isolates tested (<99.9% decrease in cfu from initial inoculum). The fungistatic activity of fluconazole was not enhanced by increasing the concentration of antifungal in solution. In contrast, amphotericin B was markedly fungicidal (> or = 99.9% decrease in cfu from initial inoculum). Both the rate and the extent of amphotericin B activity were enhanced when drug concentration was increased.
Induction of CD44 and MMP Expression by Hyaluronidase Treatment of Articular Chondrocytes (2004)

In this study, the effects of fragmentation of the glycosoaminoglycans of the cell-associated matrix by hyaluronidase (HAase) on the expression of CD44 receptor and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mRNAs in cultured articular chondrocytes were examined. Chondrocytes, isolated from rabbit and bovine articular cartilage, were treated with bovine testicular HAase (0-200 units/ml) in the presence or absence of an antibody for CD44. The mRNA levels of CD44, CD44 variant (CD44v), MMPs (MMP-1, -3 and -9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) were determined by RT-PCR. The treatment of cultured chondrocytes with HAase resulted in the production of low molecular weight fragments of hyaluronan (HA). The expression of CD44, CD44v and MMP (MMP-1, -3 and -9) mRNAs, but not TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 mRNA, was up-regulated in the cultures treated with HAase, whereas this expression was not affected by treatment with purified HA of 1.0 x 10(5) Da. Furthermore, the induction of CD44 and MMPs on treatment with HAase was suppressed by an anti-CD44 antibody. The results suggest that the fragmentation of HA may lead to cartilage destruction in terms of the enhanced expression of MMPs as well as the upregulation of CD44.
API/SC-PCO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 1978 OIL SPILL TEST PROGRAM (1979)

ABSTRACT Using Alaskan crude in a special offshore test zone authorized by an EPA Research Ocean Dumping Permit, API/SC-PCO generated a series of small oil slicks for testing dispersant application methods and mechanical cleanup equipment in late September 1978. Seven test slicks ranging in volume from 5 to 20 barrels (bbl) were sprayed with low-toxicity dispersants using a helicopter, a crop-dusting monoplane, and two types of boat-mounted spray systems. A Cyclonet 100 centrifugal skimmer was tested on an eighth slick. In addition, a capsule demonstration in which four one-barrel slicks were generated and dispersed provided agencies, media, and the public the opportunity to witness the use of dispersants at close range. The technical and operational testing was supplemented by detailed chemical and biological monitoring studies and by extensive motion picture and air photographic coverage. Field observations and photographic documentation indicate that: the two dispersants tested dispersed the Alaskan crude; the four dispersant application techniques tested are all viable methods for applying dispersants to oil spills at sea; and, the Cyclonet recovered oil, but the test slick was too small to assess the Cyclonet's probable performance in a major spill situation. This test use of dispersants on oil slicks at sea is a key step toward more effective control and cleanup of spilled oil in the open ocean.
Energy-Efficient UAV Communication with Trajectory Optimization (2016)

Wireless communication with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a promising technology for future communication systems. In this paper, we study energy-efficient UAV communication with a ground terminal via optimizing the UAV's trajectory, a new design paradigm that jointly considers both the communication throughput and the UAV's energy consumption. To this end, we first derive a theoretical model on the propulsion energy consumption of fixed-wing UAVs as a function of the UAV's flying speed, direction and acceleration, based on which the energy efficiency of UAV communication is defined. Then, for the case of unconstrained trajectory optimization, we show that both the rate-maximization and energy-minimization designs lead to vanishing energy efficiency and thus are energy-inefficient in general. Next, we introduce a practical circular UAV trajectory, under which the UAV's flight radius and speed are optimized to maximize the energy efficiency for communication. Furthermore, an efficient design is proposed for maximizing the UAV's energy efficiency with general constraints on its trajectory, including its initial/final locations and velocities, as well as maximum speed and acceleration. Numerical results show that the proposed designs achieve significantly higher energy efficiency for UAV communication as compared with other benchmark schemes.
High Linearity Class B Power Amplifiers in GaN HEMT Technology (2002)

MMIC power amplifier is reported in GaN HEMT technology. The circuit demonstrates high linearity, greater than 35 dBc of third-order intermodulation (IM3) suppression and high power added efficiency (PAE) of 34%. We demonstrate experimentally that Class B power amplifiers can achieve IM3 suppression comparable to Class A, while providing approximately 10 % improved power added efficiency. Index Terms—GaN HEMT, high linearity, intermodulation suppression, MMIC power amplifiers.
Enabling callback-driven runtime introspection via MPI_T (2018)

Understanding the behavior of parallel applications that use the Message Passing Interface (MPI) is critical for optimizing communication performance. Performance tools for MPI currently rely on the PMPI Profiling Interface or the MPI Tools Information Interface, MPI_T, for portably collecting information for performance measurement and analysis. While tools using these interfaces have proven to be extremely valuable for performance tuning, these interfaces only provide synchronous information, i.e., when an MPI or an MPI_T function is called. There is currently no option for collecting information about asynchronous events from within the MPI library. In this work we propose a callback-driven interface for event notification from MPI implementations. Our approach is integrated in the existing MPI_T interface and provides a portable API for tools to discover and register for events of interest. We demonstrate the functionality and usability of the interface with a prototype implementation in Open MPI, a small logging tool (MEL) and the measurement infrastructure Score-P.
Methods of Increase of the Evaporators Reliability for Loop Heat Pipes and Capillary Pumped Loops (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper there are considered some differences between the Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) and the Capillary Pumped Loops (CPLs) performances. There offered the methods of the capillary evaporators reliability function increasing for two-phase systems of the LHP and the CPL type. The reliability increasing of above mentioned systems evaporators is proposed to be done by using of composite wicks and/or thermal electrical coolers. The recommended means could decrease the probability or except completely the “vapor blocade” of absorbing surface of evaporators capillary pumps.</div>
TheSiderophore Receptor IroN of Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Is a Potential VaccineCandidate (2003)

It would be medically and economically desirable to prevent the millions of annual extraintestinal infections and the thousands of associated deaths due to Escherichia coli. Outer membrane proteins are potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of these infections. This study tested the hypotheses that the siderophore receptor IroN is antigenic and that an IroN-specific antibody response confers protection in vivo. Subcutaneous immunization with denatured IroN resulted in a significant IroN immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific response in serum (P < 0.0001) but not a systemic or mucosal IroN-specific IgA response. In a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection, subcutaneous immunization with denatured IroN conferred significant protection against renal (P = 0.0135 and 0.0095 in two independent experiments), but not bladder, infection. These data, together with the previously demonstrated role of IroN in virulence, its expression in human biologic fluids, and its prevalence among extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains, support further studies on the role of IroN as a vaccine candidate.
Timing-driven partial scan (2002)

A partial scan approach that aims to reduce both area overhead and performance degradation caused by test logic is presented. Given a target speed and an initial design that meets the target, the algorithm selects a minimum set of scan flip-flops, if they exist, that (1) will break all sequential cycles and (2) will not violate the performance requirement after the scan logic is added. If such a set does not exist, the algorithm will find a set of scan flip-flops in which (1) all sequential cycles are broken and (2) the total area increase caused by the scan logic and the subsequent performance optimization is minimized, For circuits synthesized by automatic synthesis tools, the authors suggest a novel design flow, which selects/inserts the partial scan logic after area optimization, but before performance optimization. For meeting both performance and testability requirements, this design flow produces designs with less area increase than the traditional design flow, which considers testability and adds test logic after performance optimization. Experimental results on the ISCA'89 sequential circuits are presented as well as comparisons between the proposed method and previous methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Effects of Injection Strategy, Exhaust Gas Recirculation, and Intake Boost on TSCI With Wet Ethanol (2020)

Abstract Using a split injection of wet ethanol, where a portion of the fuel is injected during the compression stroke, has been shown to be an effective way to enable thermally stratified compression ignition (TSCI), an advanced combustion mode that aims to control the heat release process by enhancing thermal stratification, thereby extending the load range of low temperature combustion (LTC). Wet ethanol is the ideal fuel candidate to enable TSCI because it has a high latent heat of vaporization and low equivalence ratio sensitivity. Previous work has shown “early” compression stroke injections (−150 to −100 deg aTDC) have the potential to control the start of combustion (SOC) while “mid” compression stroke injections (−90 to −30 deg aTDC) have the potential to control in-cylinder thermal stratification, thereby controlling the heat release rate. In this work, a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water by mass is used to further study the injection strategy of TSCI combustion. Additionally, the impact of external, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and intake boost on the effectiveness of a TSCI with wet ethanol to control the heat release process are investigated. It was found that neither external, cooled EGR, nor intake boost level has any impact on the effectiveness of the compression stroke injection(s) at controlling the burn rate of TSCI. External, cooled EGR has the potential to increase the overall tailpipe combustion efficiency, while intake boost has the potential to decrease NOx emissions at the expense of combustion efficiency by lowering the global equivalence ratio.
Analysis of Extraordinary Birefringence Dispersion of Uniaxially Oriented Poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide)/Atactic Polystyrene Blend Films (2003)

The birefringence dispersion of uniaxially oriented poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)/atactic polystyrene blend films has been investigated by polarization-modulated transmission spectro-ellipsometry measurements. The films show reverse birefringence dispersion in the region of PPO volume fraction from 0.21 to 0.29, where the birefringence is negative and close to zero, indicating ordinary refractive index dispersion. The reverse birefringence dispersion can be explained by the birefringence equation of a multicomponent system based on the preconditions that the intrinsic birefringence of each component in the blend is not changed and the form birefringence is ignored. Furthermore, it has been found that the orientation functions change depending on the volume fractions by the new method for obtaining orientation functions from birefringence dispersion.
Boron Tolerance in Barley Is Mediated by Efflux of Boron from the Roots (2004)

Many plants are known to reduce the toxic effects of high soil boron (B) by reducing uptake of B, but no mechanism for limiting uptake has previously been identified. The B-tolerant cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Sahara, was shown to be able to maintain root B concentrations up to 50% lower than in the B-sensitive cultivar, Schooner. This translated into xylem concentrations that were approximately 64% lower and leaf concentrations 73% lower in the tolerant cultivar. In both cultivars, B accumulation was rapid and reached a steady-state concentration in roots within 3 h. In Schooner, this concentration was similar to the external medium, whereas in Sahara, the root concentration was maintained at a lower concentration. For this to occur, B must be actively extruded from the root in Sahara, and this is presumed to be the basis for B tolerance in barley. The extrusion mechanism was inhibited by sodium azide but not by treatment at low temperature. Several anion channel inhibitors were also effective in limiting extrusion, but it was not clear whether they acted directly or via metabolic inhibition. The ability of Sahara to maintain lower root B concentrations was constitutive and occurred across a wide range of B concentrations. This ability was lost at high pH, and both Schooner and Sahara then had similar root B concentrations. A predictive model that is consistent with the empirical results and explains the tolerance mechanism based on the presence of a borate anion efflux transporter in Sahara is presented.
CANDIDA (MONILIA) ALBICANS (1954)

FOR A LONG time it has been known that contamination or infection with Candida (Monilia) albicans exists in many conditions, some of which are malnutrition, 1 diabetes mellitus, 2 pregnancy, 3 and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. * More recently, it has been noticed in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.† Experimentally, however, chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) has been found not to influence moniliasis in animals by Kligman, 8 while it has by Morris. 10 Skinner, 11 after reviewing 303 papers on yeast, believed that observations on the nutritional and physical changes on the morphology of Candida had been excellent but that they had been unsatisfactory from a biochemical standpoint. Reiss 12 might have been answering this challenge when he found that estrogenic and androgenic hormones, except for diethylstilbesterol, did not inhibit the growth of C. albicans and that several hormones, particularly pregnanediol, enhanced its growth. The effect of some vitamins on the growth of
Catalytic dehydrator. Simplified isolation procedure for acetals and ketals (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic dehydrator. Simplified isolation procedure for acetals and ketalsVirgil I. Stenberg and Donald A. KubikCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 18, 2815–2816Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00932a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00932a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly strained GaInAs-GaAs quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser on GaAs (311)B substrate for stable polarization operation (2001)

We have realized high-quality GaInAs-GaAs quantum wells (QWs) with high strain of over 2% on GaAs (311)B substrate for a polarization controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). By increasing the In composition in GaInAs, the optical anisotropy in photoluminescence (PL) intensity was increased. The anisotropy of 50% was obtained at 1.15 /spl mu/m emission wavelength. We have demonstrated edge-emitting lasers and VCSELs emitting at over 1.1 /spl mu/m on GaAs (311)B substrate for the first time. The 1.15-/spl mu/m edge-emitting laser showed a characteristic temperature of 210 K and the threshold current density of 410 A/cm/sup 2/. The threshold current and lasing wavelength of VCSELs are 0.9 mA and 1.12 /spl mu/m, respectively. The orthogonal polarization suppression ratio was 25 dB and CW operation up to 170/spl deg/C without a heat sink was achieved.
La imagen de Navarra en los medios de comunicación. Año 2003 (2004)

En coherencia con el trabajo anterior sobre la misma cuestion, el estudio analiza la imagen de Navarra en los medios de comunicacion durante el ano 2003. 

El informe Constata que la prensa espanola maneja una idea de Navarra que tal vez no se ajusta plenamente a su realidad. De los temas tratados, destaca el denominado tema vasco, que vincula a la Comunidad Foral con aspectos problematicos del Pais Vasco, como el terrorismo, manifestaciones o el nacionalismo radical. Apenas se encuentra reflejo de las ventajas competitivas que Navarra presenta en su identidad.
Improving Memory Hierarchy Performance through Combined Loop Interchange and Multi-Level Fusion (2004)

Because of the increasing gap between the speeds of processors and main memories, compilers must enhance the locality of applications to achieve high performance. Loop fusion enhances locality by fusing loops that access similar sets of data. Typically, it is applied to loops at the same level after loop interchange, which first attains the best nesting order for each local loop nest. However, since loop interchange cannot foresee the overall optimization effect, it often selects the wrong loops to be placed outermost for fusion, achieving suboptimal performance globally. Building on traditional unimodular transformations on perfectly nested loops, we present a novel transformation, dependence hoisting, that effectively combines interchange and fusion for arbitrarily nested loops. We present techniques to simultaneously interchange and fuse loops at multiple levels. By evaluating the compound optimization effect beforehand, we have achieved better performance than was possible by previous techniques, which apply interchange and fusion separately.
Plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration is controlled by apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) protein size and the abundance of hepatic apo(a) mRNA in a cynomolgus monkey model (1991)

The cynomolgus macaque was used as a model to study lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). Antibodies to Lp(a) were used in Ouchterlony and Western blot analysis to show that cynomolgus monkey and human Lp(a) were similar immunochemically. Monkey Lp(a) levels were measured by a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 117 animals, and Lp(a) varied in concentration from 1 to 64 mg/dl. Individual monkeys had apo(a) glycoprotein sizes as either single- or double-band phenotypes that ranged from 400 to 750 kDa. Monkey apo(a) transcript lengths varied from 8.5 to 13.6 kilobases. The Lp(a) concentration, apo(a) glycoprotein size, and apo(a) transcript length distributions were similar to those in humans. In the monkeys, there was a very high correlation between apo(a) transcript size and apo(a) protein size (R = 0.93, p = 0.0001). This variation in apo(a) transcript and protein size was shown to be due to the number of kringle IV repeats in apo(a) mRNA and DNA. Monkey plasma Lp(a) concentrations correlated inversely with apo(a) glycoprotein size (R = 0.43, p = 0.0016) and directly with hepatic apo(a) mRNA abundance (R = 0.54, p = 0.004). Apo(a) transcript lengths did not correlate with hepatic apo(a) mRNA levels. This suggests that apo(a) size and mRNA levels have major independent effects on plasma Lp(a) concentration. In multivariate analysis, they account for up to 58% of the variability in Lp(a) concentration. In summary, these data provide insight into the regulation of Lp(a) levels and suggest that the cynomolgus monkey is a suitable model in which to study the role of Lp(a) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
UbiActive: Smartphone-Based Tool for Trip Detection and Travel-Related Physical Activity Assessment (2013)

Utilizing the computing, communication, and sensing capabilities of smartphones, we developed an Android phone application—named UbiActive—to monitor travel behavior, assess travel-related physical activity, and generate daily activity summaries for smartphone users. We tested the application in the lab setting on three types of Android phones including HTC Magic, HTC MyTouch 4G, and SamSung Nexus S, as well as among a small group of real smartphone users who used a wide range of Android phones. Results from the tests confirmed that UbiActive worked well in collecting real-time travel behavior and physical activity data, assessing travel-related physical activity, and making participants more aware of their travel behavior and travel-related physical activity. The tests also revealed rooms for improvement when it came to UbiActive’s trip detection function and its impact on batter consumption. All of these findings provide useful insights into future improvement of UbiActive and other smartphone-based applications.