gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical modeling for efficient parametric yield estimation of MOS VLSI circuits (1985)

Large statistical variations are often found in the performance of VLSI circuits; as a result, only a fraction of the circuits manufactured may meet performance goals. An automated system has been developed to obtain the process statistical variations and extract SPICE model parameters for a large number of MOS devices. Device length and width, oxide capacitance, and flat-band voltage are shown to be the principal process factors responsible for the statistical variation of device characteristics. Intradie variations are much smaller than the interdie variations, therefore, only the interdie variations are responsible for variations in circuit performance. This accurate and simple statistical modeling approach uses only four statistical variables, and thus enables the development of a very computationally efficient statistical parametric yield estimator (SPYE). A linear approximation for the yield body boundary is used to make an accurate prediction of parametric yield. With the addition of temperature and supply voltage as operating condition variables, a maximum of seven simulations are required; only slightly more than the three to five required for "worst case analysis." The method has also been adapted statistical parametric specification of standard cells; performance ranges of circuit building blocks can be characterized once the statistical variations of process-dependent parameters are known. Predicted performance variations from SPYE have been compared with measured variations in delay and power consumption for a 7000-gate n-MOS inverter chain. Agreement with the mean delay and power are better than 5 percent where SPICE model parameters were obtained from the same slice used for circuit characterization. Excellent agreement was obtained in the predicted spread in the circuit delay and power consumption using measured variations in the statistical variables.
Behçet′s uveitis (2009)

Behçet's disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder that is most common in countries along the ancient "Silk Road". The eye is the most commonly involved vital organ in Behçet's patients and the typical form of involvement is a relapsing remitting panuveitis and retinal vasculitis. Uveitis is the initial manifestation of the disease in 10-15% of the patients. Anterior uveitis is always nongranulomatous. Diffuse vitritis, retinal infiltrates, sheathing of predominantly retinal veins, and occlusive vasculitis are the typical signs of posterior segment inflammation. Spontaneous resolution of acute inflammatory signs is a diagnostic feature. Fundus fluorescein angiography is the gold standard in monitoring inflammatory activity. Laser flare photometry is a useful noninvasive tool since flare readings correlate with fluorescein angiographic leakage. The most common complications are cataract, maculopathy, and optic atrophy. Male patients have a more severe disease course and worse visual prognosis. Immunomodulatory therapy is indicated in all patients with posterior segment involvement. Corticosteroids combined with azathioprine and/or cyclosporine is used initially. Biologic agents, including interferon alfa and infliximab, are used in resistant cases. Visual prognosis has improved in recent years with an earlier and more aggressive use of immunomodulatory therapy and the use of biologic agents in resistant cases.
A Novel Multiloop Optoelectronic Oscillator (2008)

We present a novel realization of a multiloop optoelectronic oscillator based on a wavelength multiplexed optical source and fiber Bragg grating reflectors. The oscillator exhibits a phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset from the 10.2-GHz carrier while suppressing parasitic modes to below -80 dBc.
Comparison of small fiber connectors for high-power transmission (2010)

Small fibre connectors capable of handling medium powered lasers are available on the market from multiple suppliers. Typical connector types are the SMA905 and LD80. The capability to handle power losses, for example radiation falling outside the fibre core is, due to the small size and restrictive design, limited. A new type of SMA fibre connector, designed for high-power loss capability will be presented. The basic principle is to strip off the losses in terms of radiation rather than being absorbed in the fibre connector. The radiation is instead absorbed in the female connector housing or within the laser housing, where it can easily be cooled away. In this paper both the principles and measurement of power capability are presented. Furthermore, in order to give a perspective of the available high-power SMA fibre connectors on the market today, a comparison between the best competitive products is presented.
Injection Length in Staggered Organic Thin Film Transistors: Assessment and Implications for Device Downscaling (2016)

In staggered thin film transistors, the injection length is the fraction of the gate to contact overlap that is effectively involved in current injection. Its assessment is important to properly downscale device dimensions. In fact, in order to increase transistor operation speed, the whole device footprint should be downscaled, which means both the gate to contact overlap and the channel length, as they affect the relative weight of gate to contact parasitic capacitances and the carrier transit time along the channel respectively. Nevertheless, it is not advisable to make the gate to contact overlap smaller than the injection length, because this negatively affects contact resistances. Suitable figures of merits are introduced to quantify these aspects, and a method is proposed to extract the injection length from electrical measurements. As an example of application, transistors based on the prototypical n‐type polymer poly{[ N , N ′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2) are analyzed. When the channel length is scaled while driving voltages are kept constant, in P(NDI2OD‐T2) the injection length decreases as well, thus proving that the downscaling of the whole device footprint is feasible. The physical origins of this finding are analyzed and traced back to material properties, in order to suggest general guidelines for a successful transistor downscaling.
Cinnamon Oil and Chitosan Coating on Orthopaedic Implant Surface for Prevention of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Biofilm Formation (2014)

S. Epidermidis is among the most frequently isolated microorganisms found in -infection related to implanted devices and the formation of biofilm will be more resistant compared to the planktonic form. This study was carried out to determine the effect of coating on stainless steel orthopaedic implants surfaces with cinnamon oil and chitosan as bioadhesive to prevent biofilms formation of S. Epidermidis.The rod shaped stainless steel 316 L orthopaedic implant with 5 mm diameters was coated 2 times using a mixture of cinnamon oil and chitosan 3% and 2% respectively with serial concentration of cinnamon from 0.125% to 2%. The coated implants were then put into tubes that contained bacterial suspension and incubated. Subsequently, the implants were washed with PBS solution followed by MTT soulution and isopropanol acid solution. that related to biofilm formation. The results were expressed in numbers which represents the absorbance level at ELISA readings on 575 nm (A575) wavelength.The stainless steel implant coated with chitosan and cinnamon oil 2% and 1% has lower absorbance level compared with the absorbance level of S.Epidermidis biofilm only. This study showed that mixture of cinnamon oil and chitosan coated on the surface of stainless steel orthopaedic implant has an effect against S.Epidermidis biofilm formation with the minimum cinnamon oil concentration of 1%.
Precise calibration of binocular vision system used for vision measurement (2014)

Binocular vision calibration is of great importance in 3D machine vision measurement. With respect to binocular vision calibration, the nonlinear optimization technique is a crucial step to improve the accuracy. The existing optimization methods mostly aim at minimizing the sum of reprojection errors for two cameras based on respective 2D image pixels coordinate. However, the subsequent measurement process is conducted in 3D coordinate system which is not consistent with the optimization coordinate system. Moreover, the error criterion with respect to optimization and measurement is different. The equal pixel distance error in 2D image plane leads to diverse 3D metric distance error at different position before the camera. To address these issues, we propose a precise calibration method for binocular vision system which is devoted to minimizing the metric distance error between the reconstructed point through optimal triangulation and the ground truth in 3D measurement coordinate system. In addition, the inherent epipolar constraint and constant distance constraint are combined to enhance the optimization process. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, both simulative and real experiments have been carried out and the results show that the proposed method is reliable and efficient to improve measurement accuracy compared with conventional method.
Blockchain & Multi-Agent System: A New Promising Approach for Cloud Data Integrity Auditing with Deduplication (2019)

Recently, data storage represents one of the most important services in Cloud Computing. The cloud provider should ensure two major requirements which are data integrity and storage efficiency. Blockchain data structure and the efficient data deduplication represent possible solutions to address these exigencies. Several approaches have been proposed, some of them implement deduplication in Cloud server side, which involves a lot of computation to eliminate the redundant data and it becomes more and more complex. Therefore, this paper proposed an efficient, reliable and secure approach, in which the authors propose a Multi-Agent System in order to manipulate deduplication technique that permits to reduce data volumes thereby reduce storage overhead. On the other side, the loss of physical control over data introduces security challenges such as data loss, data tampering and data modification. To solve similar problems, the authors also propose Blockchain as a database for storing metadata of client files. This database serves as logging database that ensures data integrity auditing function.
The Role of Regular Physical Activity in Preeclampsia Prevention (2004)

Preeclampsia affects 2-7% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive study, the etiology of preeclampsia is poorly understood. Abnormal placental development, predisposing maternal constitutional factors, oxidative stress, immune maladaptation, and genetic susceptibility have all been hypothesized to contribute to the development of preeclampsia. Physical conditioning and preeclampsia have opposite effects on critical physiological functions. This suggests that regular prenatal exercise may prevent or oppose the progression of the disease. Epidemiologic studies show that occupational and leisure-time physical activity is associated with a reduced incidence of preeclampsia. We hypothesize that this protective effect results from one of more of the following mechanisms: 1) stimulation of placental growth and vascularity, 2) reduction of oxidative stress, and 3) exercise-induced reversal of maternal endothelial dysfunction. Future research should include prospective epidemiological case-control studies that accurately measure occupational and leisure-time physical activity. Controlled randomized clinical trials examining the effects of prenatal exercise on biochemical markers for endothelial dysfunction, placental dysfunction, and oxidative stress are also needed. If future research supports the idea that exercise effectively protects against preeclampsia, this would provide a low-cost intervention that could dramatically improve prenatal care for women at risk of this disease.
Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway: a complex network (2014)

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling cascade is one of the intricate signal transduction mechanisms that govern the precisely regulated developmental processes of multicellular organisms. Along with establishing the patterns of cellular differentiation to direct complex organ formation, it also has an important role in post-embryonic tissue regeneration and repair processes. Especially, Shh signalling is implicated in the induction of multifarious neuronal populations in central nervous system. There is compelling evidence of the involvement of Shh protein in the signalling network that regulates various morphogenetic processes such as the exquisite neural tube pattern formation. In the morphogenetic field, the activation of Shh signalling processes is intricately linked to the alterations at the molecular level in the structure of Shh protein that leads to its altered biophysical and biochemical reactivity. This brief article gives an overview of such complex cascade of events in Shh signalling and its transduction pathways.
An effective memory addressing scheme for multiprocessor FFT system (2003)

The memory organization of FFT processors is considered. A new memory addressing scheme is given. The proposed scheme considers the case of using two modules of two-port memory and allows the processing of the butterflies in the form of groups of two. The addressing assignment allows, without any conflict, simultaneous access to the data needed for the two butterflies and to write back the four outputs to the same places. The advantages of this memory-addressing scheme lie in the fact that it reduces the number of the cycles of butterfly calculations of FFT to half and it reduces the delay of address generation to minimum.
Study on creating the three-dimensional shape of apparel by thermal bonding of thermoplastic polyurethane film and vacuum forming molding (2020)

The shape of apparel is one of the most important elements in fashion design, for example, the three-dimensional shape of apparel can be quite creative and fashionable. The current technologies for creating the three-dimensional shape of apparel are many, but have their limitations in dealing with various fabrics, particularly light and soft fabrics. This article presents a new method to rapidly create three-dimensional shape of apparel for avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages. The method combines thermal bonding of thermoplastic polyurethane film and vacuum forming. In this study, 12 kinds of commercial fabrics were selected and then tested. All these fabrics were first bonded to thermoplastic polyurethane film and then rapidly applied to the vacuum forming machine to form the three-dimensional mold-like shape. This research analyzed the factors of molding a fabric to a good three-dimensional shape of apparel and the relative tests to be carried out for validating its stability for the selected fabric samples. There are two main contributions of this study. The first is to propose a more effective method for three-dimensional shape of apparel in fashion design. The second is to provide useful information for fabric selection and determination of bonding temperature in molding.
Methods for improved update performance of disk arrays (1992)

A disk array is a set of disk drives (and controller) which can automatically recover data when one (or more) disk drives in the set fails. One method used by disk arrays to achieve high availability at lower cost than mirroring is a parity technique. The main drawback of such arrays are that they need four disk accesses to update a data block-two to read old data and parity, and two to write new data and parity. The authors describe four new methods to improve the update performance of disk arrays that use the parity technique from four accesses to three and, in some cases, to two. All the schemes sacrifice disk storage efficiency for improved update performance by relaxing the requirement that the modified data and parity blocks be written back into their original locations. The best technique, called 'floating parity track', achieves much improved update performance while using only 1% more disk space than traditional arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Comparison of Three Methods for Reducing Iron‐Deficiency Chlorosis in Soybean (2000)

Iron‐deficiency chlorosis is common when soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is grown on calcareous soils. The objective of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of cultivar selection, foliar sprays, and FeEDDHA seed treatment for reducing chlorosis and increasing the yield of soybean planted in 15‐cm rows. Three cultivars (‘Glacier’, ‘Council’, and ‘Traill’) were grown in a factorial combination with two levels of foliar spray (control vs. two FeEDTA sprays) and two levels of seed treatment (control vs. FeEDDHA seed treatment). The cultivars gave an expected chlorosis response, with Glacier being the most susceptible, and Traill being the most resistant. Foliar sprays significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced chlorosis at two sites. Seed treatment with FeEDDHA did not reduce chlorosis although this treatment was effective in prior studies with soybean planted in 76‐cm rows. Iron treatments did not reduce the chlorosis scores of Glacier to the level of Council or Traill without Fe treatments. Seed yields were significantly different for cultivars at all sites. Averaged across sites and Fe treatments, the yields were 1361, 1913, and 2203 kg ha −1 , for Glacier, Council, and Traill, respectively. Foliar sprays tended to increase the yield of Glacier at two sites and significantly increased the yield of all three cultivars at another site. The yield responses to foliar sprays, when obtained, were about 300 kg ha −1 . FeEDDHA seed treatment did not increase seed yield. Cultivar selection remains the most practical control measure for Fe‐deficiency chlorosis of soybean grown in narrow rows.
Strategies for Hyperspectral Target Detection In Complex Background Environments (2006)

The capability to rapidly detect and identify ground targets hidden in natural and man-made clutter over broad areas remains of high interest for defense applications, and is emerging as a critical component to counter-terrorism and homeland security missions. Recognizing the difficulty in establishing such a capability based on traditional, panchromatic imaging sensors in the electro-optical and infrared spectral region, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been investigating the added potential that spectral and polarimetric sensing methods provide. This has resulted in a variety of sensor system developments and baseline processing systems for real-time target detection and discrimination. Despite the success of this prior research, however, the emerging missions are expected to present situations for which the targets are smaller, more diverse, and more fleeting, while the background clutter is more complex. This is likely to severely limit the detection performance achievable with the current generation of processing algorithms based on standard statistical background models and require more sophisticated detection and discrimination algorithms. This paper provides an overview of some of the primary AFRL research interests and directions to address these limitations
30% Efficient InGaP/GaAs/GaSb Cell-Interconnected-Circuits For Line-Focus Concentrator Arrays (2002)

While monolithic multi-junction cells are preferred for flat plate arrays, mechanically stacked multi-junction cells are superior for solar concentrator applications. Reasons for this are that the mechanical stacked configuration with high efficiency Gallium Antimonide cells allows utilization of a much wider range of the solar energy spectrum, and the ability to use voltage matched interconnects results in full use of low bandgap cell currents. Herein, data are presented for simple two terminal voltage-matched circuits using InGaP/GaAs/GaSb stacked cells showing 34% average circuit efficiency for a lot of 12 circuits given prismatic covers. These circuits have been designed to fit into the ultralight Stretched Lens Array being developed by NASA. With these new cell-interconnected-circuits, we project that the power density at GEO operating temperature can be increased from 296 W/m2 to 350 W/m2 while maintaining the specific power at 190 W/kg at the full wing level.
Adaptive video streaming over a mobile network with TCP-friendly rate control (2009)

This paper investigates the performance of TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) to control the transmission rate of scalable video streams when used in a mobile network. The streams are encoded using the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC standard. Adding or removing the layers is decided based on the TFRC during varying channel conditions of the mobile network. We conduct simulations in various realistic use cases, evaluate and compare the performance with and without TFRC-based adaptation. The results show significant improvements in terms of lower loss rate, delay, required buffer size and less playback interruption.
Tumor localization and beam monitoring-electrofluorotomography (1976)

Methodology and instrumentation are presented which are potentially capable of presenting fluoroscopically derived transverse axial body sections for use in radiation-oncology treatment planning and beam monitoring. These combine the methods of Takahashi for generating transverse axial tomograms with electronic radiography, electrofluorotomography, and a contouring program for extracting body and tumor contours in a digital format. The system will also be capable of assuring both initial and day-to-day beam alignment.
Loss of<i>Emx2</i>function leads to ectopic expression of<i>Wnt1</i>in the developing telencephalon and cortical dysplasia (2003)

Leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopias are a focal type of cortical dysplasia in which neural cells migrate aberrantly into superficial layers of the cerebral cortex and meninges. These heterotopias are frequently observed as microscopic abnormalities in the brains of individuals with central nervous system (CNS) malformations and epilepsy. Previous work has demonstrated that the function of Emx2, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor, is essential for development of the cortical preplate, which gives rise to the marginal zone and subplate. However, transcriptional targets of EMX2 during CNS development are unknown. We report that leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopias form in Emx2(-/-) mice that are equivalent to human lesions. Additionally, we observed ectopic expression of Wnt1 in the embryonic roofplate organizer region and dorsal telencephalon. To determine the phenotypic consequences of such Wnt1 misexpression, we deleted a putative EMX2 DNA-binding site from the Wnt1 enhancer and used this to misexpress Wnt1 in the developing murine CNS. Heterotopias were detected in transgenic mice as early as 13.5 days postcoitum, consistent with a defect of preplate development during early phases of radial neuronal migration. Furthermore, we observed diffuse abnormalities of reelin- and calretinin-positive cell populations in the marginal zone and subplate similar to those observed in Emx2-null animals. Taken together, these findings indicate that EMX2 is a direct repressor of Wnt1 expression in the developing mammalian telencephalon. They further suggest that EMX2-Wnt1 interactions are essential for normal development of preplate derivatives in the mammalian cerebral cortex.