gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Calbindin-D28k in a Pancreatic Islet  -Cell Line Protects against Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis and Necrosis (2001)

Cytokines produced by immune system cells that infiltrate pancreatic islets are candidate mediators of islet β-cell destruction in autoimmune (type 1) diabetes mellitus. Because the calcium binding protein, calbindin-D28k, can prevent apoptotic cell death in different cell types, we investigated the possibility that calbindin-D28k may prevent cytokine-mediated islet β-cell destruction. Using the expression vector BSRα, rat calbindin-D28k was stably expressed in the pancreatic isletβ -cell line, βTC-3. Calbindin-D28k expression resulted in increased cell survival in the presence of the cytotoxic combination of the cytokines IL-1β (30 U/ml), TNFα (103 U/ml), and interferon γ (103 U/ml). The greatest protection was observed in the βTC-3 cell clone expressing the highest concentration of calbindin-D28k. Apoptotic cell death was detected by annexin V staining and by the TdT-mediated dUTP-X nick end labeling assay in vector-transfected βTC-3 cells incubated with cytokines (14–15% apoptotic cells). The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in calbindin-D28k-overexpressingβ TC-3 cells incubated with cytokines (5–6% apoptotic cells). To address the mechanism of the antiapoptotic effects of calbindin, studies were done to examine whether calbindin inhibits free radical formation. The stimulatory effects of the cytokines on lipid hydroperoxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite production were significantly decreased in the calbindin-D28k-expressingβ TC-3 cells. Our findings indicate that calbindin-D28k, by inhibiting free radical formation, can protect against cytokine-mediated apoptosis and destruction of β-cells. These findings suggest that calbindin-D28k may be an important regulator of cell death that can protect pancreatic isletβ -cells from autoimmune destruction in type 1 diabetes.
Activation of AMP‐activated Protein Kinase and Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 β Mediate Ursolic Acid Induced Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells (2013)

Despite the antitumour effect of ursolic acid observed in several cancers, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) were examined in ursolic acid induced apoptosis in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ursolic acid significantly exerted cytotoxicity, increased the sub-G1 population and the number of ethidium homodimer and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT) mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive cells in HepG2 cells. Also, ursolic acid enhanced the cleavages of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase3, attenuated the expression of astrocyte elevated gene (AEG1) and survivin in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, ursolic acid increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and coenzyme A carboxylase and also enhanced phosphorylation of GSK3β at inactive form serine 9, whereas ursolic acid attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in HepG2 cells. Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C or GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 blocked the cleavages of PARP and caspase 3 induced by ursolic acid in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, proteosomal inhibitor MG132 suppressed AMPK activation, GSK3β phosphorylation, cleaved PARP and deceased AEG-1 induced by ursolic acid in HepG2 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that ursolic acid induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via AMPK activation and GSK3β phosphorylation as a potent chemopreventive agent.
Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrations (2018)

Dexterous multi-fingered hands are extremely versatile and provide a generic way to perform a multitude of tasks in human-centric environments. However, effectively controlling them remains challenging due to their high dimensionality and large number of potential contacts. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a model-agnostic approach to control complex dynamical systems, but has not been shown to scale to highdimensional dexterous manipulation. Furthermore, deployment of DRL on physical systems remains challenging due to sample inefficiency. Consequently, the success of DRL in robotics has thus far been limited to simpler manipulators and tasks. In this work, we show that model-free DRL can effectively scale up to complex manipulation tasks with a high-dimensional 24-DoF hand, and solve them from scratch in simulated experiments. Furthermore, with the use of a small number of human demonstrations, the sample complexity can be significantly reduced, which enables learning with sample sizes equivalent to a few hours of robot experience. The use of demonstrations result in policies that exhibit very natural movements and, surprisingly, are also substantially more robust. We demonstrate successful policies for object relocation, in-hand manipulation, tool use, and door opening, which are shown in the supplementary video.
Single-mode supercontinuum generation in a standard dispersion-shifted fiber using a nanosecond microchip laser (2002)

We have generated a single-mode supercontinuum of more than 1100-nm simply using a nanosecond microchip laser and an usual dispersion-shifted fiber in a regime in which both self-phase modulation and parametric generation near the zero-dispersion wavelength cannot be involved in the continuum formation.
The Fn14 cytoplasmic tail binds tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factors 1, 2, 3 and 5 and mediates nuclear factor-kappaB activation (2003)

Fn14 is a growth-factor-inducible immediate-early-response gene encoding a 102-amino-acid type I transmembrane protein. The human Fn14 protein was recently identified as a cell-surface receptor for the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member named TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis). In the present paper, we report that the human TWEAK extracellular domain can also bind the murine Fn14 protein. Furthermore, site-specific mutagenesis and directed yeast two-hybrid interaction assays revealed that the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 1, 2, 3 and 5 adaptor molecules bind the murine Fn14 cytoplasmic tail at an overlapping, but non-identical, amino acid sequence motif. We also found that TWEAK treatment of quiescent NIH 3T3 cells stimulates inhibitory kappaBalpha phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) enhancer/luciferase reporter construct. Fn14 overexpression in transiently transfected NIH 3T3 cells also promotes NF-kappaB activation, and this cellular response requires an intact TRAF binding site. These results indicate that Fn14 is a functional TWEAK receptor that can associate with four distinct TRAF family members and stimulate the NF-kappaB transcription factor signalling pathway.
Generation and Recombination Kinetics of Optical Excitations in Poly(3-dodecylthienylenevinylene) with Controlled Regioregularity (2011)

Regioregularity in π-conjugated polymers is known to have desirable effects on chain organization in the solid state leading to improved characteristics for electronic device applications. In this report, we studied the photophysics of a new series of π-conjugated polymers, namely, poly(3-dodecylthienylenevinylene), with controlled regioregularity (PTV-CR), using the steady state photoinduced absorption (PIA), doping-induced absorption (DIA), thermally modulated absorption (TMA), and photoluminescence (PL) techniques in a broad spectral range, as well as Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). PTV-CR has a low band gap of 1.65-1.70 eV from the most random PTV-5:5 to regular PTV-0:10. We have found that regioregularity affects optical properties of PTV-CR in different ways than in the case of well-studied poly(3-alkylthiophene). We discovered that even the most random PTV-5:5 shows submicrometer crystalline order, and there is no correlation between regioregularity and crystallinality. We found that PTV is intrinsically dark due to the reverse order of 1B(u) and 2A(g) excitons, with PL quantum efficiency ranging from 10(-5) to 2 × 10(-4). Spectroscopic data confirm the existence of long-lived neutral (triplets) and charged (polaron) excitations, and thus PTV is a unique nondegenerate ground state π-conjugated polymer which is intrinsically nonluminescent. The recombination mechanism and lifetime of such long-lived excitations are investigated through the pump intensity and pump frequency dependencies as well as temperature dependence of the sample. Increasing regioregularity is seen to reduce the thermal responsivity and intersystem crossing in these films. The novel, intrachain character of these effects and their implications for use of PTV derivatives for photovoltaic application are discussed.
Enhanced Relay Feedback Method (1997)

An enhanced relay feedback identification method is proposed to identify three frequency data sets from one relay feedback test. The identified data sets are exact for time-invariant linear systems. The method also gives the exact frequency data set corresponding to the multiple of the relay frequency in the presence of a static disturbance. This means that, even though the initial state is not steady state or wrong reference values for relay on−off are specified, it provides an exact data set.
Transit of solids through the human colon: regional quantification in the unprepared bowel (1990)

We used a noninvasive method to label the solid phase of contents in the unprepared human colon. 111In-labeled Amberlite pellets (0.5-1.8 mm diam) were placed in a gelatin capsule that was then coated with a pH-sensitive polymer (methacrylate). In vitro, the capsules disintegrated in simulated small bowel contents within 1-2 h; when ingested by healthy subjects, capsules released radiolabel in the distal ileum or proximal colon in 13 of 15 subjects. Transit of 111In-pellets through the unprepared colon could then be quantitated radioscintigraphically. Segmental transit was defined in the ascending (AC), transverse (TC), descending (DC), and rectosigmoid (RS) colon. Radioactivity was also quantitated in stools. At 12 h, radioactivity was most obvious in the AC (59 +/- 11%, mean +/- SE) and the TC (21 +/- 6%); at 24 h, counts were distributed equally between AC, TC, and stools (P greater than 0.05); by 48 h, 56 +/- 11% counts had been excreted, although 30 +/- 10% remained in the TC. At 24 and 48 h, the amount in DC or RS was lower (P less than 0.05) than in the TC or in stools. Emptying of the AC was characterized by an initial lag period, when no counts emptied into the TC, followed by a period of emptying that was approximately linear. Thus this simple approach is able to label contents in the healthy human colon. The ascending and transverse colon appear to be sites of storage of solid residue, whereas the left colon and rectosigmoid function mainly as conduits.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Polyamides Containing<b>α</b>-amino Acid (2009)

The polyamides were obtained from 1,6-hexanediamine and diacylchloride which incorporated α -amino acid residues through interfacial polycondensation. High molecular weight (ηinh = 1.05–1.18 dL/g) polymers were produced with high yields. The structure of polyamides was verified by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. They showed a remarkable ability to develop high crystallinity with melting temperatures in the range 117–191°C and was stable up to 350°C under nitrogen. Two methods such as alkali hydrolysis (10% NaOH w/v, 80°C) and enzymatic hydrolysis were employed for assessing the susceptibility of these polyamides to degradation. A preliminary investigation of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) release characteristics of these polyamides showed that the release rate increased with increasing water absorption of the polymers.
Microfabricated inductively coupled plasma-on-a-chip for molecular SO2 detection: a comparison between global model and optical emission spectrometry (2003)

In this work the molecular SO2 detection limit obtained using a microfabricated inductively coupled plasma-on-a-chip (mICP) system is compared with a volume-averaged plasma model. The miniature ICP system consists of a planar plasma source that is microfabricated on a glass wafer and a miniature aluminium vacuum chamber. The plasma operates from 0.1 to 10 Torr, and requires less than 4 W of power at a frequency of 493 MHz. Molecular detection limits were measured using the SO2 MUV2 band (Ã(1B1), ã(3B1) → X(1A1)). Detection limits improve with increase of both the operating power and pressure due to increases in electron and metastable state Ar densities, with the best DL value being 45 ppb. A global plasma model is developed to calculate the metastable Ar density, electron temperature, and SO2 excitation rates in the mICP. Excitation rates for electron-impact collisions and the quenching reaction with Ar metastables, together with the known sensitivity of the optical system, allow one to calculate detection limits for molecular SO2 excitation. Calculated DLs are in reasonable agreement with experimental OES results.
Nonequilibrium heterogeneous catalysis in the long mean-free-path regime (2013)

It is shown that a standard principle of traditional catalysis-that a catalyst does not alter the final thermodynamic equilibrium of a reaction-can fail in low-pressure, heterogeneous gas-surface reactions. Kinetic theory for this epicatalysis is presented, and two well-documented experimental examples are detailed: surface ionized plasmas and hydrogen dissociation on refractory metals. This phenomenon should be observable over a wide range of temperatures and pressures, and for a broad spectrum of heterogeneous reactions. By transcending some constraints of equilibrium thermodynamics, epicatalysis might provide additional control parameters and synthetic routes for reactions, and enable product streams boosted in thermochemical energy or desirable species.
Linear and Nonlinear Structural Mechanics (2004)

Preface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Structural Elements. 1.2 Nonlinearities. 1.3 Composite Materials. 1.4 Damping. 1.5 Dynamic Characteristics of Linear Discrete Systems. 1.6 Dynamic Characteristics of Nonlinear Discrete Systems 1.7 Analyses of Linear Continuous Systems. 1.8 Analyses of Nonlinear Continuous Systems. 2. Elasticity. 2.1 Principles of Dynamics. 2.2 Strain--Displacement Relations. 2.3 Transformation of Strains and Stresses. 2.4 Stress--Strain Relations. 2.5 Governing Equations. 3. Strings and Cables. 3.1 Modeling of Taut Strings. 3.2 Reduction of String Model to Two Equations. 3.3 Nonlinear Response of Strings. 3.4 Modeling of Cables. 3.5 Reduction of Cable Model to Two Equations. 3.6 Natural Frequencies and Modes of Cables. 3.7 Discretization of the Cable Equations. 3.8 Single--Mode Response with Direct Approach. 3.9 Single--Mode Response with Discretization Approach. 3.10 Extensional Bars. 4. Beams. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Linear Euler--Bernoulli Beam Theory. 4.3 Linear Shear--Deformable Beam Theories. 4.4 Mathematics for Nonlinear Modeling. 4.5 Nonlinear 2--D Euler--Bernoulli Beam Theory. 4.6 Nonlinear 3--D Euler--Bernoulli Beam Theory. 4.7 Nonlinear 3--D Curved Beam Theory Accounting for Warpings. 5. Dynamics of Beams. 5.1 Parametrically Excited Cantilever Beams. 5.2 Transversely Excited Cantilever Beams. 5.3 Clamped--Clamped Buckled Beams. 5.4 Microbeams. 6. Surface Analysis. 6.1 Initial Curvatures. 6.2 Inplane Strains and Deformed Curvatures. 6.3 Orthogonal Virtual Rotations. 6.4 Variation of Curvatures. 6.5 Local Displacements and Jaumann Strains. 7. Plates. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Linear Classical Plate Theory. 7.3 Linear Shear--Deformable Plate Theories. 7.4 Nonlinear Classical Plate Theory. 7.5 Nonlinear Modeling of Rectangular Surfaces. 7.6 General Nonlinear Classical Plate Theory. 7.7 Nonlinear Shear--Deformable Plate Theory. 7.8 Nonlinear Layerwise Shear--Deformable Plate Theory. 8. Dynamics of Plates. 8.1 Linear Vibrations of Rectangular Plates. 8.2 Linear Vibrations of Membranes. 8.3 Linear Vibrations of Circular and Annular Plates. 8.4 Nonlinear Vibrations of Circular and Annular Plates. 8.5 Nonlinear Vibrations of Rotating Disks. 8.6 Nonlinear Vibrations of Near--Square Plates. 8.7 Micropumps. 8.8 Thermally Loaded Plates. 9. Shells. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Linear Classical Shell Theory. 9.3 Linear Shear--Deformable Shell Theories. 9.4 Nonlinear Classical Theory for Double--Curved Shells. 9.5 Nonlinear Shear--Deformable Theories for Circular Cylindrical Shells. 9.6 Nonlinear Layerwise Shear--Deformable Shell Theory. 9.7 Nonlinear Dynamics of Infinitely Long Circular Cylindrical Shells. 9.8 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axisymmetric Motion of Closed Spherical Shells. Bibliography. Subject Index.
Edge-Based Structural Similarity for Image Quality Assessment (2006)

Objective quality assessment has been widely used in image processing for decades and many researchers have been studying the objective quality assessment method based on Human Visual System (HVS). Recently the Structural Similarity (SSIM) is proposed, under the assumption that the HVS is highly adapted for extracting structural information from a scene, and simulation results have proved that it is better than PSNR (or MSE). By deeply studying the SSIM, we find it fails in measuring the badly blurred images. Based on this, we develop an improved method which is called Edge-based Structural Similarity (ESSIM). Experiment results show that ESSIM is more consistent with HVS than SSIM and PSNR especially for the blurred images.
Porous Polymer Films and Honeycomb Structures Made by the Self-Organization of Well-Defined Macromolecular Structures Created by Living Radical Polymerization Techniques (2001)

Star pores! Star and block polymer architectures are made using living radical polymerization. Isoporous honeycomb films (see scanning electron microscope image) are cast under humid conditions from solutions of these macromolecules. The pore diameter is shown to be dependent not only on the casting conditions but on the specific molecular architecture and molecular weight of the polymers.
Neural network modeling of risk assessment in child protective services. (2000)

The advantages of using neural network methodology for the modeling of complex social science data are demonstrated, and neural network analysis is applied to Washington State Child Protective Services risk assessment data. Neural network modeling of the association between social worker overall assessment of risk and the 37 separate risk factors from the State of Washington Risk Assessment Matrix is shown to provide case classification results superior to linear or logistic multiple regression. The improvement in case prediction and classification accuracy is attributed to the superiority of neural networks for modeling nonlinear relationships between interacting variables; in this respect the mathematical framework of neural networks is a better approximation to the actual process of human decision making than linear, main effects regression. The implications of this modeling advantage for evaluating social science data within the framework of ecological theories are discussed.
Isomerization of the Asp7 Residue Results in Zinc‐Induced Oligomerization of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid β(1–16) Peptide (2008)

One small change: Isomerization of Asp7, the most abundant naturally occurring post-translational modification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), causes zinc-induced oligomerization of the Aβ zinc-binding domain and could play a triggering role in pathology onset. Substitution of Asp7 by Asn in Aβ (the Tottori–Japan mutation) might also be significant, since asparagine is known to be much more susceptible than aspartate to spontaneous conversion into isoaspartate.
Elevated Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Concentrations in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Are Associated with Markers of Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Activation (2009)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis, autoimmune disease, atherogenesis, and plaque instability, and is a known cardiac depressant. This post-hoc, cross-sectional study examined whether MIF serum concentrations are elevated in CKD patients. Our study included CKD 3-5 patients with moderate to severe renal dysfunction (n = 257) (mean age SD; 55 +/- 12 years) and 53 controls (60 +/- 12 years). Serum MIF concentrations, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were studied in relation to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), presence of CVD, outcome and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. MIF was significantly elevated in CKD patients compared with controls (CKD: median 676 [range 118-8275 pg/mL] controls: 433 [142-4707] pg/mL; P = 0.008). MIF was also associated with 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels (rho = 0.26; P = 0.001), a marker of oxidative stress, and ICAM-1 levels (rho = 0.14; P = 0.02), a marker of endothelial activation. However, the elevated MIF concentrations were neither correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) nor inflammatory markers such as CRP, IL-6, and TNF. When combining MIF and IL-6 as a marker of inflammation, a significant increase in risk for CVD was found, but when analyzing all-cause mortality, this did not differ significantly with regard to mortality from inflamed patients with low MIF levels. The data suggest that increased serum MIF levels found in CKD is not caused primarily by poor renal function, but is associated with markers of oxidative stress and endothelial activation and may play a role in vascular disease associated with CKD.
Aurora-A Kinase Interacting Protein (AIP), a Novel Negative Regulator of Human Aurora-A Kinase (2002)

Aurora kinases have evolved as a new family of mitotic centrosome- and microtubule-associated kinases that regulate the structure and function of centrosomes and spindle. One of its members, Aurora-A, is a potential oncogene. Overexpression of Aurora-A is also implicated in defective centrosome duplication and segregation, leading to aneuploidy and tumorigenesis in various cancer cell types. However, the regulatory pathways for mammalian Aurora-A are not well understood. Exploiting the lethal phenotype associated with the overexpression of Aurora-A in yeast, we performed a dosage suppressor screen in yeast and report here the identification of a novel negative regulator of Aurora-A, named AIP (Aurora-A kinase Interacting Protein). AIP is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that interacts specifically with human Aurora-A in vivo. Ectopic expression of AIP with Aurora-A in NIH 3T3 and COS cells results in the down-regulation of ectopically expressed Aurora-A protein levels, and this down-regulation is demonstrated to be the result of destabilization of Aurora-A through a proteasome-dependent protein degradation pathway. A noninteracting deletion mutant of AIP does not down-regulate Aurora-A protein, suggesting that the interaction is important for the protein degradation. AIP could therefore be a potential useful target gene for anti-tumor drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Carbon Nanotubes/RuO<sub>2</sub>×xH<sub>2</sub>O Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.