gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kidney toxicity of 3‐methylxanthine in the rat (1984)

The effects of 3-methylxanthine, the pharmacologically active metabolite of theophylline, on the kidneys of Wistar rats after short-term administration were studied. 3-Methylxanthine was administered in oral doses of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg per kg per day for 1, 8 and 16 days. The kidneys were examined by light and electron microscopy. Tubular necrosis was noticed at a dose level of 100 mg kg-1 after 16 days and at a dose level of 200 mg kg-1 after 8 days. Elevated values of serum urea were found after 1 day of treatment with a dose of 200 mg kg-1 and after 16 days with a dose of 100 mg kg-1. Elevated values of serum creatinine were detected after 8 days of treatment with a dose of 200 mg kg-1. The results indicate dose- and time-related renal failure following administration of 3-methylxanthine.
Separators for Li-Ion and Li-Metal Battery Including Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes Based on the TFSI− and FSI− Anions (2014)

The characterization of separators for Li-ion or Li-metal batteries incorporating hydrophobic ionic liquid electrolytes is reported herein. Ionic liquids made of N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PYR14+) or N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PYR12O1+), paired with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-) anions, were tested in combination with separators having different chemistries and morphologies in terms of wetting behavior, Gurley and McMullin number, as well as Li/(Separator+Electrolyte) interfacial properties. It is shown that non-functionalized microporous polyolefin separators are poorly wetted by FSI--based electrolytes (contrary to TFSI--based electrolytes), while the ceramic coated separator Separion® allows good wetting with all electrolytes. Furthermore, by comparing the lithium solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) resistance evolution at open circuit and during cycling, depending on separator morphologies and chemistries, it is possible to propose a scale for SEI forming properties in the order: PYR12O1FSI>PYR14FSI>PYR14TFSI>PYR12O1TFSI. Finally, the impact the separator morphology is evidenced by the SEI resistance evolution and by comparing Li electrodes cycled using separators with two different morphologies.
Effects of DNA gyrase inhibitors in Escherichia coli topoisomerase I mutants (1986)

Relaxation of titratable supercoils in bacterial nucleoids was measured following treatment of topA mutants with coumermycin or oxolinic acid, inhibitors of DNA gyrase. Relaxation occurred after treatment of the mutants with either inhibitor. We detected no significant difference in relaxation between topA- and topA+ strains treated with coumermycin. This finding, together with previous observations, supports the idea that relaxation caused by coumermycin probably arises from the relaxing activity of gyrase itself. The source of DNA relaxation caused by oxolinic acid was not identified. Nucleoid supercoiling can be increased by adding oxolinic acid to a strain that carries three topoisomerase mutations: delta topA, gyrB225, and gyrA (Nalr) (S. H. Manes, G. J. Pruss, and K. Drlica, J. Bacteriol. 155:420-423, 1983). We found that this increase in supercoiling requires partial sensitivity to the drug and at the delta topA and gyrA mutations. Full resistance to oxolinic acid in the presence of the delta topA, gyrB225, and gyrA mutations was conferred by an additional mutation that maps at or near gyrB.
Solid-state reaction of lithium hydride and aluminum (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-state reaction of lithium hydride and aluminumSeymour Aronson and Frank J. SalzanoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 7, 1541–1542Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50077a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50077a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design concept for a coal hydrocarbonization plant (1977)

Two advantages of this process are that it is non-catalytic, and produces clean liquid fuel and high Btu. gas, both of which are high value forms of energy. The feed coal is crushed, ground, and dried in contact with hot flue gas to a fineness of 50% through 100 mesh, and a moisture content of 1%. The coal is then heated (also with hot flue gases from the plant utility boiler) and fed to the reactor from pressurized lock hoppers using hydrogen as a carrier. Hydrogen from the H/sub 2/ generator (produced by char gasification) mixed with recycle from the hydrogen purification step is preheated and fed into the hydrocarbonizer. The hydrocarbonization reaction occurs at moderate conditions. The un-condensed vapors in the process gas from the hydrocarbonizer are treated in a PHOSAM process to recover ammonia. CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S are then removed in an acid gas removal system, and the H/sub 2/S converted to elemental sulfur in a Claus unit. The scrubbed gas is sent to hydrogen purification, which is accomplished by cryogenic processing. The cryogenic unit divides the feed into three streams: (1) 93% pure hydrogen recycle, (2) a synthesis gas for methanation to a substitute naturalmore » gas (SNG), and (3) a byproduct LPG fraction. The principal criteria evaluated to select plant size include: economic analyses the ability to scaleup and fabricate the process equipment, the coal supply factors, and the site characteristics.« less
Efficiency and Effectiveness Impacts of a Computer-Assisted Scheduling and Dispatching System Implementation (2010)

Computer-assisted scheduling and dispatch (CASD) systems have been implemented in many paratransit systems in the United States to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of operations. This paper contributes to the limited literature of studies documenting the impact of such systems on paratransit operations based on the implementation of such a system in a small city in Illinois. The analysis provides evidence of small but measurable efficiency and effectiveness gains. This paper also provides evidence that proper CASD evaluation efforts should allow enough time after implementation so that not only familiarity with the system has been established, but also most or all of the necessary organizational changes related to the new technology have been completed.
Respiratory health and disease in Europe: the new European Lung White Book (2013)

The European Lung White Book -a major new overview of respiratory health in Europe
Direct coupling as a residual error contribution during OTA measurements of wireless devices in reverberation chamber (2009)

We have presented an improved theory for the uncertainty of measurements in reverberation chamber. The theory is obtained by including the error due to the direct coupling between the antenna under test and the wall-mounted antennas. The theory includes the Rician K-factor that can be estimated from simple formulas, and an empirical mechanical stirring bandwidth B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mech</inf> that is adjusted to get good agreement with the measured STDs. However, B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mech</inf> is fixed for a given chamber and stirrer configuration. The new theory is able to describe variations of uncertainty with frequency and loading, and it can very well predict the degradation when platform and polarization stirring is not used. The validation of the theory is representative for efficiency measurements, but it will be equivalent for measuring total radiated power and receiver sensitivity.
High-power and highly reliable operation of Al-Free InGaAs-InGaAsP 0.98-μm lasers with a window structure fabricated by Si ion implantation (1999)

We have fabricated Al-free InGaAs-InGaAsP-GaAs strained quantum-well 0.98-/spl mu/m lasers with a window structure. The window structure was obtained by Si ion-implantation-induced QW intermixing. The photoluminescence and photocurrent measurements show that an implantation energy of 100 keV and a dose of 1E13 cm/sup -2/ are enough for the fabrication of the window structure in our laser structure. The threshold current of the fabricated 0.98-/spl mu/m lasers with a window structure is 20 mA and a stable lateral mode is obtained up to 300 mW, and these results suggest that there is no scattering loss or absorption due to the introduction of a window structure. The reliability of the lasers is greatly improved by the introduction of the window structure: they exhibited stable operation for more than 1000 h at 240-mW output power at 50/spl deg/C. And this results gives us an estimated lifetime of more than 200 000 h at 25/spl deg/C.
Expression of tenascin, type IV collagen and laminin during human intrahepatic bile duct development and in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (1994)

Expression of tenascin, type IV collagen and laminin during human intrahepatic bile duct development and in cholangiocarcinoma was examined by immunohistochemistry. In the developing hilar bile ducts, tenascin was expressed in the mesenchyme around the epithelial cells migrating from the ductal plate into the mesenchyme at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Tenascin was also expressed in the mesenchyme around newly formed hilar bile ducts at 15-20 weeks of gestation, but its expression disappeared after 21 weeks of gestation. Type IV collagen and laminin were expressed around the ductal plate, around epithelial cells migrating from the ductal plate into the mesenchyme, and around newly formed hilar bile ducts, and their expression was present throughout fetal life. By contrast, in the development of peripheral bile ducts, tenascin expression was not found. Type IV collagen and laminin were identified around the ductal plate, migrating epithelial cells and peripheral bile ducts. In cholangiocarcinoma, tenascin and type IV collagen were expressed in the stroma, but laminin was not identified. These findings suggest that tenascin may play a role in hilar bile duct development and that type IV collagen and laminin may play a role in both hilar and peripheral bile duct development. Expression of tenascin and type IV collagen in the stroma of cholangiocarcinoma may be the result of malignant transformation of intrahepatic biliary epithelium; tenascin in peritumoral stroma may stimulate carcinoma cell proliferation and growth in cholangiocarcinoma.
Neurite outgrowth promoting activity of G4 and its inhibition by monoclonal antibodies (1990)

The chick G4 molecule is a cell surface glycoprotein which is a member of the L1/NILE/NgCAM/8D9 group of neural cell adhesion molecules. Polyclonal antisera against G4 have been shown to decrease sympathetic neurite outgrowth on sympathetic axons and to de-bundle retinal axons growing on a tectal membrane substrate. We have extended the specificity of these results by showing that a panel of monoclonal antibodies against G4 is also effective in reducing sympathetic neurite outgrowth on sympathetic axons. Furthermore, purified G4 adsorbed onto an inert substrate promotes extensive neurite outgrowth. Monoclonal antibodies to G4 completely inhibit the activity of purified G4. These data show that G4 is a cell surface neurite outgrowth promoting molecule, a function which was first suggested by antibody perturbation experiments and now is confirmed directly.
2-Amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside: an agent for T-cell malignancies. (1995)

Earlier studies have shown guanine arabinoside (ara-G) is an effective agent against growth of T-cell lines and freshly isolated human T-leukemic cells. However, poor water solubility of ara-G limits clinical use. 2-Amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside (506U) is a water-soluble prodrug converted to ara-G by adenosine deaminase. 506U is not a substrate for deoxycytidine kinase, adenosine kinase, or purine nucleoside phosphorylase and is phosphorylated by mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase at a rate 4% that of ara-G phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase was the least sensitive to ara-GTP inhibition of the five human DNA polymerases tested. [3H]506U was anabolized to ara-G 5'-phosphates in CEM cells but not to phosphorylated metabolites of 506U. 506U was selective for transformed T over B cells and also inhibited growth in two of three monocytic lines tested. 506U given i.v. to cynomolgus monkeys was rapidly converted to ara-G; the ara-G had a half-life of approximately 2 h. 506U had in vivo dose-dependent efficacy against human T-cell tumors in immunodeficient mice. A Phase 1 trial of 506U against refractory hematological malignancies is now in progress at two study sites.
Deposition Mechanism of Aluminum Oxide on Quantum Dot Films at Atmospheric Pressure and Room Temperature (2016)

Stability of quantum dot (QD) films is an issue of concern for applications in devices such as solar cells, LEDs, and transistors. This paper analyzes and optimizes the passivation of such QD films using gas-phase deposition, resulting in enhanced stability. Crucially, we deposited alumina at economically attractive conditions, room temperature and atmospheric pressure, on (1,2-ethanediamine) capped PbSe QD films using an approach based on atomic layer deposition (ALD), with trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water as precursors. We performed coating experiments from 1 to 25 cycles on the QD films, finding that alumina formed from the first exposure of TMA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy points to the presence of oxygen-rich compounds on the bare QD films, most likely from entrapped solvent molecules during the assembly of the QD films. These oxygenated compounds and the amine groups of the organic ligands react with TMA in the first cycle, resulting in a fast growth of alumina. Using 10 cycles resulted in a QD film that was optically stable for at least 27 days. Depositing alumina at ambient conditions is preferred, since the production of the QD films is also carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, allowing combination of both processes in a single go.
A Study on Quality Broker to Users Web Service Selection Based on Non-Functional Attributes (2009)

The recent Web service field emerges as the fastest growing IT paradigm as a result of the increasing interest in SOA (Services-Oriented Architecture) and the expansion of B2B market. With an increasing number of Web service that provide similar features, it becomes more important to provide the most appropriate service for the user's request. A service user in general requires the quality information of Web service when selecting a service among a number of similar Web services. Yet, finding a service through UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) does not consider the non-functional aspects of users because it is only based on the functional aspects. That is, the quality, non-functional aspect will be an important factor for the mutual success of the user and provider. Using 3 factors in the Qos factors of the existing studies: the execution cost, reliability, and the quality level, the QoS of Web service is saved and the factors for the QoS are recorded in order to consider non-functional factors when selecting a Web service in this study. The Quality Broker determines the rank and shows the desired result of the service for users. The Quality Broker suggested in this thesis can be used to select a Web Service that considers the user-oriented and non-functional factors.
Nonoperative Treatment With Antibiotics Versus Surgery for Acute Nonperforated Appendicitis in Children (2014)

Twenty-two of 24 patients (92%) treated with antibiotics had initial resolution of symptoms. Of these 22, only 1 patient (5%) had recurrence of acute appendicitis during follow-up. Overall, 62% of patients have not had an appendectomy during the follow-up period. This pilot trial suggests that nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis in children is feasible and safe and that further investigation of nonoperative treatment is warranted.
Universal high-speed digital computers: serial computing circuits (1952)

Recent proposals for the construction of universal high-speed digital computing machines have led to a demand for computing circuits for use in such machines. The paper discusses circuits for use with numbers expressed in serial binary form. Special reference is made to a machine in which the storage of binary numbers is achieved by the use of charge-patterns on the screens of cathode-ray tubes.
Inhibitors of the Salicylate Synthase (MbtI) from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Discovered by High‐Throughput Screening (2010)

A simple steady-state kinetic high-throughput assay was developed for the salicylate synthase MbtI from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which catalyzes the first committed step of mycobactin biosynthesis. The mycobactins are small-molecule iron chelators produced by M. tuberculosis, and their biosynthesis has been identified as a promising target for the development of new antitubercular agents. The assay was miniaturized to a 384-well plate format and high-throughput screening was performed at the National Screening Laboratory for the Regional Centers of Excellence in Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases (NSRB). Three classes of compounds were identified comprising the benzisothiazolones (class I), diarylsulfones (class II), and benzimidazole-2-thiones (class III). Each of these compound series was further pursued to investigate their biochemical mechanism and structure-activity relationships. Benzimidazole-2-thione 4 emerged as the most promising inhibitor owing to its potent reversible inhibition.
Giant Electrocaloric Effect in Thin-Film PbZr <sub>0.95</sub> Ti <sub>0.05</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (2006)

An applied electric field can reversibly change the temperature of an electrocaloric material under adiabatic conditions, and the effect is strongest near phase transitions. We demonstrate a giant electrocaloric effect (0.48 kelvin per volt) in 350-nanometer PbZr(0.95)Ti(0.05)O3 films near the ferroelectric Curie temperature of 222 degrees C. A large electrocaloric effect may find application in electrical refrigeration.
Luteolin acts as a radiosensitizer in non-small cell lung cancer cells by enhancing apoptotic cell death through activation of a p38/ROS/caspase cascade (2015)

To improve radiation therapy, the development of effective radiosensitizer is required. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3',4',5',7'‑tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin) against NCI‑H460 and ‑H1299 non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were determined using 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Radiosensitizing activity was assessed in vitro by treating cells with luteolin prior to irradiation of γ‑ionizing radiation (IR), and performing cell count and clonogenic assays. Cell signaling pathways involved in the radiosensitizing effects of luteolin were examined using propidium iodide (PI) uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and immunoblot assays, with or without specific chemical inhibitors. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by PI uptake and immunoblot assays. In vivo radiosensitizing activity was tested using an NCI‑H460 cell xenograft model in nude mice. Tumor size was measured and apoptosis was determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay in animals in four treatment groups: mock‑treated control, luteolin only, IR only, and luteolin plus IR. Treatment with luteolin or IR induced NSCLC cell death in vitro, but the combination of luteolin pre‑treatment and IR was more effective than either agent alone, yielding dose enhancement ratios (DERs) of 1.22 and 1.35 for NCI‑H460 and ‑H1299 cells, respectively. Combined treatment with luteolin and IR enhanced apoptotic cell death in association with downregulation of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and activation of caspase‑3, ‑8, and ‑9; it also induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ROS accumulation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK decreased ROS production, and inhibition of either p38 MAPK or ROS production attenuated apoptotic cell death and activation of caspase‑8 and ‑9. In a xenograft model, tumor growth was delayed by 21.8 days in the luteolin/IR combination group compared with controls, and apoptotic cell death was increased. The enhancement factor of the luteolin and IR combination was 1.83. Collectively, these findings indicate that luteolin acts as a radiosensitizer by enhancing apoptotic cell death through activation of a p38/ROS/caspase cascade.
Multi-static networked 3D ladar for surveillance and access control (2007)

A theoretical design and simulation of a 3D ladar system concept for surveillance, intrusion detection, and access control is described. It is a non-conventional system architecture that consists of: i) multi-static configuration with an arbitrarily scalable number of transmitters (Tx's) and receivers (Rx's) that form an optical wireless code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) network, and ii) flexible system architecture with modular plug-and-play components that can be deployed for any facility with arbitrary topology. Affordability is a driving consideration; and a key feature for low cost is an asymmetric use of many inexpensive Rx's in conjunction with fewer Tx's, which are generally more expensive. The Rx's are spatially distributed close to the surveyed area for large coverage, and capable of receiving signals from multiple Tx's with moderate laser power. The system produces sensing information that scales as <i>NxM</i>, where <i>N, M</i> are the number of Tx's and Rx's, as opposed to linear scaling <i>~N</i> in non-network system. Also, for target positioning, besides laser pointing direction and time-of-flight, the algorithm includes multiple point-of-view image fusion and triangulation for enhanced accuracy, which is not applicable to non-networked monostatic ladars. Simulation and scaled model experiments on some aspects of this concept are discussed.
Patients', nurses', and physicians' perceptions of nurses' caring behaviors. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to identify how patients, nurses and physicians in a coronary care setting rank the importance of different nurse behaviors related to caring. The study was descriptive and used Q Methodology characterized by a forced choice format and priority rankings. Analysis of the mean scores for each subset of subjects revealed two items within the top five for all three subgroups. Comparison of this studies findings with previous studies showed similarities among patient rankings but little agreement among nurses regarding what constitutes caring behavior. Implications for practice, administration, research and education are identified.