gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalized PEG–PEI Copolymers Complexed to Exon-Skipping Oligonucleotides Improve Dystrophin Expression in <i>mdx</i> Mice (2008)

Exon-skipping oligonucleotides (ESOs) with 2'-O-methyl modifications are promising compounds for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the usefulness of these compounds is limited by their poor delivery profile to muscle tissue in vivo. We previously established that copolymers made of poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) enhanced ESO transfection in skeletal muscle of mdx mice, resulting in widespread distribution of dystrophin-positive fibers, but limited dystrophin expression by Western blot. In an attempt to improve ESO delivery and dystrophin expression, a new formulation of PEG-PEI copolymer was used, along with functionalized derivatives containing either the cell-penetrating peptide TAT (trans-activator of transcription), adsorbed colloidal gold (CG), or both TAT and CG. Tibialis anterior muscles were given three intramuscular injections of various PEG-PEI-ESO polyplexes (3 days apart; 5 microg of ESO per injection) and muscles were harvested 3 weeks after the first injection. Surface modifications of PEG-PEI copolymers with TAT showed the highest level of dystrophin recovery, with a 6-fold increase in dystrophin-positive fibers compared with ESO alone and up to 30% of normal dystrophin expression by Western blot. The adsorption of CG to either PEG-PEI or TAT-PEG-PEI copolymers showed no further improvement in dystrophin expression. Our data indicate that TAT-modified PEG-PEI copolymers are effective carriers for delivery of ESOs to skeletal muscle and are promising compounds for the therapeutic treatment of DMD.
The glucocorticoid receptor N363S polymorphism and steroid response in Duchenne dystrophy (2006)

These data suggest that the N363S GRL polymorphism may be implicated in the long term response to glucocorticoids.
Analysis of laser-ablated solid samples using a small time of flight mass spectrometer (1992)

The design and use of a small time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer for producing mass spectra of ions which have been laser ablated from a solid metal target are described. TOF spectra with a resolution m/ Delta m of 100 were produced. Known samples of inconel were used to characterize the operation of the spectrometer. Isotope separation was demonstrated and mass spectra, in which the ratios of constituents were representative of the composition of the sample, were produced. The beneficial effect of a stainless steel grid placed between the target and flight tube at a positive potential was investigated. Results are shown and correlated with theoretical flight times for different conditions. A model is proposed for the various processes occurring.
Transforming Growth Factor-β–Activated Kinase 1 Regulates Angiogenesis via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-α1 and Redox Balance in Endothelial Cells (2013)

These results establish TAK1 as an AMPKα1 kinase that regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced and cytokine-induced angiogenesis by modulating SOD2 expression and the superoxide anion:hydrogen peroxide balance.
Both FGF23 and extracellular phosphate activate Raf/MEK/ERK pathway via FGF receptors in HEK293 cells (2010)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone produced by bone and exerts its function in the target organs by binding the FGF receptor (FGFR) and Klotho. Since recent studies suggested that extracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) itself triggers signal transduction and regulates gene expression in some cell types, we tested the notion that extracellular Pi induces signal transduction in the target cells of FGF23 also and influences its signaling, utilizing a human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. HEK293 cells expressed low levels of klotho, and treatment with a recombinant FGF23[R179Q], a proteolysis-resistant mutant of FGF23, resulted in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induction of early growth response-1 (EGR1) expression. Interestingly, increased extracellular Pi resulted in activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and expression of EGR1, which involved type III sodium/phosphate (Na(+)/Pi) cotransporter PiT-1. Since the effects of an inhibitor of Na(+)/Pi cotransporter on FGF23 signaling suggested that the signaling triggered by increased extracellular Pi shares the same downstream cascade as FGF23 signaling, we further investigated their convergence point. Increasing the extracellular Pi concentration resulted in the phosphorylation of FGF receptor substrate 2α (FRS2α), as did treatment with FGF23. Knockdown of FGFR1 expression diminished the phosphorylation of both FRS2α and ERK1/2 induced by the Pi. Moreover, overexpression of FGFR1 rescued the decrease in Pi-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the cells where the expression of PiT-1 was knocked down. These results suggest that increased extracellular Pi triggers signal transduction via PiT-1 and FGFR and influences FGF23 signaling in HEK293 cells.
Nuclear Hormone Receptor Coregulator: Role in Hormone Action, Metabolism, Growth, and Development (2004)

Nuclear hormone receptor coregulator (NRC) (also referred to as activating signal cointegrator-2, thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein, peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-interacting protein, and 250-kDa receptor associated protein) belongs to a growing class of nuclear cofactors widely known as coregulators or coactivators that are necessary for transcriptional activation of target genes. The NRC gene is also amplified and overexpressed in breast, colon, and lung cancers. NRC is a 2063-amino acid protein that harbors a potent N-terminal activation domain (AD1) and a second more centrally located activation domain (AD2) that is rich in Glu and Pro. Near AD2 is a receptor-interacting domain containing an LxxLL motif (LxxLL-1), which interacts with a wide variety of ligand-bound nuclear hormone receptors with high affinity. A second LxxLL motif (LxxLL-2) located in the Cterminal region of NRC is more restricted in its nuclear hor-mone receptor specificity. The intrinsic activation potential of NRC is regulated by a C-terminal serine, threonine, leucineregulatory domain. The potential role of NRC as a cointegrator is suggested by its ability to enhance transcriptional activation of a wide variety of transcription factors and from its in vivo association with a number of known transcriptional regulators including CBP/p300. Recent studies in mice indicate that deletion of both NRC alleles leads to embryonic lethality resulting from general growth retardation coupled with developmental defects in the heart, liver, brain, and placenta. NRC / mouse embryo fibroblasts spontaneously undergo apoptosis, indicating the importance of NRC as a prosurvival and antiapoptotic gene. Studies with 129S6 NRC / mice indicate that NRC is a pleiotropic regulator that is involved in growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, and wound healing. (Endocrine Reviews 26: 583-597, 2005) I. Introduction II. Cloning,
Small Proline-Rich Repeat Protein 1A Is Expressed by Axotomized Neurons and Promotes Axonal Outgrowth (2002)

The ability of neurons to regenerate an axon after injury is determined by both the surrounding environment and factors intrinsic to the damaged neuron. We have used cDNA microarrays to survey those genes induced during successful sciatic nerve regeneration. The small proline-rich repeat protein 1A (SPRR1A) is not detectable in uninjured neurons but is induced by >60-fold after peripheral axonal damage. The protein is localized to injured neurons and axons. sprr1a is one of a group of epithelial differentiation genes, including s100c and p21/waf, that are coinduced in neurons by axotomy. Overexpressed SPRR1A colocalizes with F-actin in membrane ruffles and augments axonal outgrowth on a range of substrates. In axotomized sensory neurons, reduction of SPRR1A function restricts axonal outgrowth. Neuronal SPRR1A may be a significant contributor to successful nerve regeneration.
BACKGROUND AND PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF PERIREPERFUSION TISSUE INJURIES IN HUMAN LIVER TRANSPLANTS (1998)

Synergistic inflammatory events in the hepatic graft at reperfusion, which have a significant impact on the later clinical course, are largely defined and precipitated by injury or activation of nonparenchymal cells preceding reperfusion or even graft harvesting.
Additively manufactured MEMS multiplexed coaxial electrospray sources for high-throughput, uniform generation of core–shell microparticles (2016)

This study reports the first MEMS multiplexed coaxial electrospray sources in the literature. Coaxial electrospraying is a microencapsulation technology based on electrohydrodynamic jetting of two immiscible liquids, which allows precise control with low size variation of the geometry of the core-shell particles it generates, which is of great importance in numerous biomedical and engineering applications, e.g., drug delivery and self-healing composites. By implementing monolithic planar arrays of miniaturized coaxial electrospray emitters that work uniformly in parallel, the throughput of the compound microdroplet source is greatly increased, making the microencapsulation technology compatible with low-cost commercial applications. Miniaturized core-shell particle generators with up to 25 coaxial electrospray emitters (25 emitters cm<sup>-2</sup>) were fabricated via stereolithography, which is an additive manufacturing process that can create complex microfluidic devices at a small fraction of the cost per device and fabrication time associated with silicon-based counterparts. The characterization of devices with the same emitter structure but different array sizes demonstrates uniform array operation. Moreover, the data demonstrate that the per-emitter current is approximately proportional to the square root of the flow rate of the driving liquid, and it is independent of the flow rate of the driven liquid, as predicted by the theory. The core/shell diameters and the size distribution of the generated compound microparticles can be modulated by controlling the flow rates fed to the emitters.
Flatness based speed control of drive systems with resonant loads (2010)

The design and analysis of a flatness based speed control method for drive systems with elastically coupled loads is presented. Drive systems with elastically coupled loads tend to mechanical vibrations due to a finite stiffness of the drive shafts material. These unwanted vibrations stress the system and can reduce its lifetime. The way out and aim of this analysis is a high performance speed control of drive systems with resonant loads with damping of mechanical oscillations. Conventional control methods like proportional-integral based controllers are not able to damp these oscillations effectively. Model based control methods are more appropriate to handle this problem. Therefore, the rather new model based control concept based on differential flatness is applied to the considered system. High dynamic and suppression of mechanical oscillations can be achieved with flatness based control without the reduction of the disturbance reaction. Furthermore, only measurement of the motor speed is required. Simulation and measurement results confirm these statements. The results are compared to conventional PI-control.
Spatio-temporal array processing for matched filter bound optimization in SDMA downlink transmission (2002)

We address the problem of performing optimum spatio-temporal processing when using adaptive antenna arrays at base stations for multiuser downlink transmission, assuming a knowledge of the channel related to each user. This assumption typically holds in the context of time division duplex (TDD), time division multiple access (TDMA) based mobile communication systems. For frequency division duplex (FDD) based systems that assumption is still valid if the base station is provided with feedback from each mobile about the downlink channel. We consider the spatial division multiple access (SDMA) strategy for using antenna arrays to gain system capacity. In that case the interfering users are located in the same cell and communicate with the same base station. The base station performs transmission through m channels resulting from an array of antennas and/or oversampling of the transmitted signals, towards d co-channel users. The goal is designing the m/spl times/d transmission FIR filters at the base station in order to maximize the minimum matched filter bound (MFB) among the d users. We address zero-forcing (ZF), minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and other approaches to solve that problem and we provide the related solutions, under specified assumptions and constraints concerning transmitter and receiver complexity.
Interaction between packaging materials and foods (1990)

Abstract Most food products can interact to some degree with their packaging. Migration, permeation and absorption are the mechanisms that determine the extent of this interaction, which is affected by temperature, storage time and other environmental parameters. The major challenge facing food and packaging manufacturers is to ensure the wholesomeness and safety of their products, so that the package‐related factors, including chemical and physical integrity, will be controlled, ensuring that a safe product reaches the consumer in optimal condition.
Posture optimization for pre-grasp interaction planning (2018)

Many manipulation tasks involve grasping objects that are movable, not fixed, in the environment. An object’s potential for motion does contribute to the challenge of estimating its pose with sufficient certainty for robust grasping. However, object movability also offers an opportunity for pregrasp interaction strategies that adjust an object’s placement in order to improve grasping conditions. Here we highlight the results of initial work that illustrate the potential utility of pregrasp interaction for object acquisition into a desired grasp. We also present recent developments for refining the manipulator posture for pre-grasp rotation with respect to a payload cost metric. Optimization of the payload metric increase the safety margin with respect to uncertainty in the estimate of object weight.
GA-based discrete dynamic programming approach for scheduling in FMS environments (2001)

The paper presents a new genetic algorithm (GA)-based discrete dynamic programming (DDP) approach for generating static schedules in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. This GA-DDP approach adopts a sequence-dependent schedule generation strategy, where a GA is employed to generate feasible job sequences and a series of discrete dynamic programs are constructed to generate legal schedules for a given sequence of jobs. In formulating the GA, different performance criteria could be easily included. The developed DDF algorithm is capable of identifying locally optimized partial schedules and shares the computation efficiency of dynamic programming. The algorithm is designed In such a way that it does not suffer from the state explosion problem inherent in pure dynamic programming approaches in FMS scheduling. Numerical examples are reported to illustrate the approach.
Probing Local Effects in Silica Sol−Gel Media by Fluorescence Spectroscopy of <i>p</i>-DASPMI (2008)

Stillbazolium salts present remarkable potential for application in several scientific areas. Their versatile behavior is explained by invoking the "twisted intramolecular charge-transfer" (TICT) mechanism, a model that describes the multiple fluorescence of DASPMI (4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridiniumiodine). One feature of their behavior is the sensitivity of the fluorescence lifetime to viscosity, thus identifying them as suitable probes for microheterogeneous systems, such as cells and sol-gel derived media. Because of their optical transparency, sol-gel matrices are light addressable and therefore appropriate for performing spectroscopic studies. The sol-gel process has been successfully used to produce hosts to biomolecules like proteins, for biosensor applications; however, these systems have to be optimized. Therefore, in this study modification of the matrices was performed through the incorporation of either silanes or polymers. (Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, trimethoxypropylsilane, or (glycidyloxypropyl)triethoxysilane were added. The modification was also extended to the incorporation of the polymers poly(ethylene glycol) (molecular weight 300 and 20000) and Gelrite. The effect of these modifiers upon the gelation and aging processes was examined via the study of the photophysics of p-DASPMI by using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. It was possible to discriminate the dominant dye-host interactions in each of the main steps of the preparation of modified sol-gel matrices.
Model-based controllers for BEMS (1991)

Considers the potential benefits of model-based control for building internal environments. It is shown that improved regulation is possible, together with energy savings compared with the main control techniques currently widely employed in building energy management systems (BEMS). Successful development and commercial exploitation of these advanced control methods will offer BEMS manufacturers an easily achievable added-value component to their product range, since the implementation hardware is already in place in the majority of cases.
Very selective suppression pulses for clinical MRSI studies of brain and prostate cancer (2000)

Focal three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D MRSI) methods based on conventional point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localization are compromised by the geometric restrictions in volume prescription and by chemical shift registration errors. Outer volume saturation (OVS) pulses have been applied to address the geometric limits, but conventional OVS pulses do little to overcome chemical shift registration error, are not particularly selective, and often leave substantial signals that can degrade the spectra of interest. In this paper, an optimized sequence of quadratic phase pulses is introduced to provide very selective spatial suppression with improved B1 and T1 insensitivity. This method was then validated in volunteer studies and in clinical 3D MRSI exams of brain tumors and prostate cancer.
Simplified space mechanisms using subliming solids (1966)

Matrix methodology for comparing simplified space mechanisms using subliming solids with conventional aerospace devices
Induction of optimal mucosal antibody responses: effects of age, immunization route(s), and dosing schedule in rats (1984)

The antitoxin response in intestinal mucosa was studied in rats immunized either intestinally or by combined parenteral and intestinal dosing with cholera toxin or cholera toxoid. Attention was given to the duration of enteric priming and the magnitude and time course of mucosal anti-cholera toxin responses in rats of defined age. Cholera toxin given only intraduodenally was a more efficient priming immunogen in young rats than in older rats and caused priming that lasted at least 32 weeks; repeated enteric doses increased local priming and repeatedly evoked vigorous mucosal anti-cholera toxin responses which occurred rapidly and declined slowly. Results differed when a portion of the immunizing regimen was parenteral. Cholera toxoid given intraperitoneally (i.p.) caused mucosal priming that peaked promptly and then rapidly declined; parenteral boosting after enteric priming was much more effective given i.p. than subcutaneously; moreover, the booster response was brief, virtually disappearing within 11 days, and could not be reproduced by a second i.p. immunization. These results accord with evidence that parenteral immunization both stimulates and suppresses mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A responses, whereas local immunization is not known to be suppressive. Evidence for parenterally induced suppression was the rapid decline in mucosal priming after i.p. immunization, the shortened mucosal antibody response after i.p. immunization, and possibly the inability to parenterally evoke a booster response twice. In these studies, the level of priming observed at different intervals after parenteral, enteric, or combined immunization appeared to reflect the sum of priming and suppressive effects evoked by the preceding immunization(s).
Investigation of the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2014)

The disease activity of SLE is positively associated with APO2.7 level of CD19+ cells but negatively associated with MAVS and caspase-9 levels, which all point to a mitochondrial pathway.
Broadband amplification of high power 40 Gb/s channels using multimode Er-Yb doped fiber (2010)

Broadband amplification of several high power communication channels is demonstrated using a multimode Erbium-Ytterbium doped fiber (EYDF) amplifier. The multimode feature of this amplifier aims at simultaneously enabling wide gain bandwidth and high output power. The amplifier provides a gain bandwidth spanning over the 1535.0 nm-1565.8 nm band. The amplifier also provides a high output power of >30.2 dBm, with ± 2.4 dB natural gain flatness over the bandwidth of interest. The performance of the amplifier is assessed in a 40 Gb/s WDM system, featuring no trace of modal dispersion in the eye diagram and a low power penalty (< 0.4 dB) on the bit error ratio (BER).
A Brief Course in Organic Chemistry: A Combined Textbook and Laboratory Manual (Fuson, Reynold C.; Connor, Ralph.; Price, Charles C.; Snyder, H. R.) (1942)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTA Brief Course in Organic Chemistry: A Combined Textbook and Laboratory Manual (Fuson, Reynold C.; Connor, Ralph.; Price, Charles C.; Snyder, H. R.)Elizabeth Dyer Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1942, 19, 4, 199Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1942Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1942Published inissue 1 April 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ed019p199.3RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Microwave Annealing of Very High Dose Aluminum-Implanted 4H-SiC (2011)

A microwave heating technique has been used for the electrical activation of Al+ ions implanted in semi-insulating 4H-SiC. Annealing temperatures in the range of 2000–2100 °C and annealing time of 30 s have been used. The implanted Al concentration has been varied from 5×1019 to 8×1020 cm-3. A minimum resistivity of 2×10-2 Ω·cm and about 70% electrical activation of the implanted Al have been measured at room temperature for an implanted Al concentration of 8×1020 cm-3 and microwave annealing at 2100 °C for 30 s.
Understanding TiO<sub>2</sub> Size‐Dependent Electron Transport Properties of a Graphene‐TiO<sub>2</sub> Photoanode in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy (2013)

Conducting AFM reveals a continuous conduction network of a TiO2 -graphene composite in DSSC due to a more intimate contact between the smaller sized TiO2 -graphene composite nanosheets,which reduces the internal resistance at TiO2 /TiO2 and TiO2 /FTO interfaces and ultimately leads to a faster and more efficient electron transport in the photoanode.