gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Service-Dominant Logic Foundations of E-Novation (2011)

A major change is taking place in most national economies, and even the world economy. It has been variously described under rubrics of globalization, global flattening, and global outsourcing, and has resulted in debate over how firms and nations gain and retain competitive advantage. Innovation has become perhaps the most often used term to capture the process of achieving this competitive advantage.
Iterative solution of a hybrid method for Maxwell's equations in the frequency domain (2003)

Abstract A hybrid method for solution of Maxwell's equations of electromagnetics in the frequency domain is developed as a combination between the method of moments and the approximation in physical optics. The equations are discretized by a Galerkin method and solved by an iterative block Gauss–Seidel method. The convergence of the iterations is studied theoretically and in numerical experiments. The accuracy of the hybrid method is compared to the method of moments for a cylinder with an incident field for different wavenumbers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GENETIC MECHANISMS OF RARE MATINGS OF THE YEAST <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i> HETEROZYGOUS FOR MATING TYPE (1972)

Yeast heterozygous for mating type lacks the ability to conjugate as judged by the mass-mating technique and accordingly is designated "non-mater". However, the non-mater shows rare mating ability with a frequency of less than 10(-6). In the present study, the RD auxotroph mating method was mainly employed with the intention of examining the rare mating ability of various non-maters, using lactate ethanol minimal medium as a selective medium for hybridization. Crosses of aalphaxa, aalphaxa, aaalphaxa, aalphaalphaxa, etc. resulted in the production of respective hybrids with a relatively high frequency of about 10(-6) to 10(-7), whereas crosses of aaalphaxa, aalphaalphaxalpha, aaalphaalphaxa, aaalphaalphaxalpha, etc. resulted in hybrids with an extremely low frequency of about less than 10(-8). Genetic analyses revealed that the rare matings were mostly caused by the presence of cells derived from the non-maters in which mating type had converted to a homozygous genotype. Mitotic recombination was shown to be a likely explanation for most of the conversion, judging from associated exchange of an outside marker, thr4. By successive employment of the RD auxotroph mating method, it was possible to produce a series of polyploid yeasts, triploids to octoploids. The DNA content and the cell volume were observed to increase parallel to the elevated ploidy states.
4.1: A 2.6‐in. DTV TFT‐LCD with Area‐Reduced Integrated 8‐bit Digital Data Drivers Using 400‐Mobility CGS Technology (1999)

Abstract A 2.6‐in. M‐LCD DTV display with 1920 × 1080 pixels has been developed using 400‐mobility Continuous‐Grain‐Silicon CGS technology. An 8‐bit monolithic digital data driver with a new D/A converter achieves 256 gray‐scale levels. High‐mobility and low‐threshold voltage TFTs support 80‐MHz data rates at 5 V.
Effect of corneal epithelium on ultraviolet-A and riboflavin absorption (2011)

Using immunofluorescence microscopy in porcine corneas, we demonstrated that the corneal epithelium reduces the effectiveness of CXL by preventing the penetration of the drug and not by limiting the UVA transmittance. An inadequate intrastromal concentration of riboflavin may impair CXL effect.
Work Capacity of Muscles from Animals Treated with Male Sex Hormone (1948)

Introduction. It has often been said that male sex hormone contributes to the strength of muscles and endurance of male animals. This conclusion, although possibly valid, has relatively little experimental evidence to support it, especially when individual muscles are considered. Hoskins in 1925 demonstrated that voluntary activity in normal rats was about 60 per cent greater than in castrate rats. Gans and Hoskins in 1926 reported that isolated gastrocnemius muscles from castrate rats did approximately 25 per cent less work than similar muscles from normal animals. Hoskins in 1927 attempted to restore the activity of castrate animals with testis grafts but the results were negative. Gans and Hoskins (1926) determined that weights of individual muscles of castrate animals were greater than those from normal ones. Papanicolaou and Folk (1938) also reported hypertrophy in the muscles of guinea pigs after treatment with testosterone propionate. Wainman and Shipnounoff (1941) found that castration resulted in marked decrease in size of the striated perineal muscles but that these muscles could be restored to normal development by administering testosterone propionate. Simonson, Kearns, and Enzer (1941 and 1944) reported definite influences on endurance and performance in different types of work among eunochoid and castrate men treated with testosterone propionate and methyl testosterone. In normal men, however, Samuels, Henschel and Keys (1942) found no increase in work capacity after treatment with androgens. In 1945 Herrick reported that female fowls and capons treated with testosterone propionate showed approximately 30 per cent increase in the breaking strength of the gastrocnemius muscles and 100 per cent increase in the breaking strength of the skin. Chemical analyses revealed a greater amount of collagen in the tissues of treated birds.
Tyrosinase‐catalysed grafting of food‐grade gallates to chitosan: surface properties of novel functional coatings (2008)

Abstract Plasma‐activated biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films and paper substrate have been coated with functional chitosan solutions. Plasma treatment increased the amount of surface peroxide groups and carboxyl groups on the BOPP films. As a result of plasma activation, the surface energy increased from 30 to 50 dynes/cm. The enzyme tyrosinase catalysed the grafting of octyl gallate and dodecyl gallate to amino groups of chitosan polysaccharide. Resulting coatings exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Listeria innocua . After 24 h of incubation, a total reduction in both bacteria cell numbers varied between >4.9 and 1.4 logarithmic units. Grafted dodecyl gallate and octyl gallate at pH 6 were found to have the lowest reduction values of <3 logarithmic units for S. aureus , while 1.4 logarithmic reduction value was obtained for grafted dodecyl gallate at pH 6 against L. innocua . Chitosan coatings were also effective barrier layers against oxygen transmission although the transmission rates clearly increased in high‐humidity conditions. In dry conditions, however, the transmission rate of 2 cm 3 /(m 2 · 24 h) was obtained with chitosan‐coated BOPP. Coatings did not have any effects on water vapour transmission. Both gallates were successfully grafted at pH 6. As increased flocculation and colour formation indicated, the tyrosinase‐catalysed grafting was more powerful with octyl gallate. Dodecyl gallate containing chitosan coatings was more hydrophobic as compared to octyl gallate. Total migration of substances into 95% ethanol was ≥5 mg/dm 2 , thus materials may be exploitable in packaging purposes in direct contact with certain foodstuffs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A taxonomic analysis of user-interface metaphors in the Microsoft Office Project Gallery (2005)

User-interface metaphors are not well understood in terms of their relationships and qualities. They are, however, constantly used both consciously and unconsciously in most user-interface designs. This paper demonstrates a taxonomic classification and analysis of the user-interface metaphors in the Microsoft Office Project Gallery. The classification offers insight both into the nature of the metaphors in the user-interface investigated and more generally, and helps validate the use of the taxonomy as an assessment tool.
Efficacy of diflunisal versus naproxen in osteoarthritis of the knee: an open study. (1986)

Thirty-one patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were treated with either diflunisal (n = 17) or naproxen (n = 14) in a 12-week open-label study. Treatment was begun with 500 mg BID of diflunisal or 375 mg BID of naproxen. Patients not showing an adequate response to these dosages were given increases to 750 mg BID of diflunisal (n = 7) or 500 mg BID of naproxen (n = 8). Both drugs achieved statistically significant improvements in pain indices, tenderness, swelling, morning stiffness, functional capacity, knee flexion, and 50-foot walking time, and no significant difference was found between the two drugs. At the end of the study, all patients taking diflunisal and 11/14 patients taking naproxen felt that they had improved with treatment. Drug safety and tolerability were assessed in 21 patients given diflunisal and 16 given naproxen (including patients not part of the efficacy evaluation). Six (29%) patients in the diflunisal group and four (25%) in the naproxen group experienced side effects; three were withdrawn from the diflunisal group and one from the naproxen group because of adverse effects. In general, both drugs were well tolerated.
Light induced stress rate effects in azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (2011)

Liquid crystal polymer networks exhibit a large number of field-coupled mechanical characteristics including light induced deformation, flexoelectricity, thermal shape memory, electrostriction, and chemically induced deformation. Light induced deformation has received considerable attention recently due to its unique functionality for morphing structure applications since light can be considered clean energy and electrodes and wiring are not needed for actuation. Azobenzene liquid crystals that are synthesized within a glassy liquid crystal network (LCN) in a main chain configuration are considered here under time-dependent deformation from light stimuli. A photomechanical constitutive model, coupled with viscoelasticity of the host polymer network, is developed and compared with light induced blocked stress measurements using a blue light emitting diode (LED). It is shown that the rate of change of stress in the main chain azobenzene liquid crystal is strongly dependent on the rate of change of the liquid crystal microstructure. Additional comparisons to side chain azobenzene LCNs is modeled and compared with data in the literature which illustrates the importance of viscoelastic creep of the polymer network.
Cornstarch Therapy in Type I Glycogen-Storage Disease (1984)

TYPE I glycogen-storage disease, an inherited absence or deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the liver, kidney, and intestines, is associated with the accumulation of glycogen in those organs. The lack of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the liver rapidly leads to hypoglycemia in fasting, because of the inadequate release of glucose from glucose-6-phosphate through normal glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Other clinical manifestations include growth retardation, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Most of these abnormalities have been attributed to the hypoglycemia, since treatments that maintain normal glucose concentrations correct most of the metabolic abnormalities and growth retardation. So far, the various kinds of . . .
Design, evaluation and application of a modular 32 channel transmit/receive surface coil array for cardiac MRI at 7T (2013)

Background Cardiac MR (CMR) at ultrahigh fields (≥7.0 T) is challenged by B1+ inhomogeneities and signal voids which bear the potential to spoil the signal-to-noise (SNR) benefits at 7.0 T. There is a trend towards an ever larger number of transmit and receive channels, to support multidimensional B1+ shimming and parallel imaging. Therefore this work proposes a modular, two dimensional 32-channel transmit and receive array using loop elements and examines its efficacy for enhanced B1+ homogeneity and improved parallel imaging performance.
Topical Treatment with Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Herpetic Stromal Keratitis (2003)

The data suggest that TNF-alpha ASON diminishes the release of TNF-alpha from cultured lymphocytes and from lymphocytes in the HSV-1-infected cornea. This topical treatment mitigates the course of HSK, whereas the systemic antiviral effector functions were not impaired.
Simultaneous determination of ginsenosides in <i>Panax ginseng</i> with different growth ages using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (2006)

The contents of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng not only vary in different parts of the root, but also exhibit yearly variation. In this study, an HPLC-MS method was established in order to simultaneously analyse ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg2. The concentration of ginsenosides in the tap root and root fibre were compared and the yearly variations of nine ginsenosides elucidated. The results indicate that the total content of ginsenosides in the main root and the root fibre both attain a maximum level in the fourth year of growth, although the amount in the former is much higher than in the latter. The variation in the content of ginsenosides during a 2-6 year period suggests that cultivated P. Ginseng can be harvested after the fourth year. The current results will provide useful information for the quality control and good agricultural practice farming of ginseng.
Embedding strategy for image watermarking in DCT domain (1999)

Where should invisible image watermarks be embedded in the DCT domain in order for the watermarks to be robust? Though many papers in the literature agree that watermarks should be embedded in perceptually significant components, DC components are explicitly excluded from watermark embedding. A new embedding strategy for watermarking is proposed based on a quantitative analysis on magnitude of DCT components. We argue that more robustness can be achieved if watermarks are embedded in DC components since DC components have a much larger perceptual capacity than any AC components. Based on this idea, a watermarking algorithm is presented. We incorporate the feature of texture masking of the human vision system into watermarking. Experimental results demonstrate that the invisible watermarks thus embedded are very robust.
Platform-Independent Firewall Policy Representation (2008)

In this paper we will discuss the design of abstract firewall model along with platform-independent policy definition language. We will also discuss the main design challenges and solutions to these challenges, as well as examine several differences in policy semantics between vendors and how it could be mapped to our platform-independent language. We will also touch upon a processing model, describing the mechanism by which an abstract policy could be compiled into a concrete firewall policy syntax. We will discuss briefly some future research directions, such as policy optimization and validation
The Effects of ICT-Based Creativity Program on Cognitive Problem Solving Ability of Children with Developmental Delays (2017)

본 연구는 ‘ICT 기반 창의 프로그램’이 발달지체유아의 인지 문제해결력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 연구목적에 따라 일반 유아용 기초 실험도구를 선행 개발하였고 이를 기반으로 타당도 검증을 통해 ‘ICT 기반 창의프로그램’을 수정ㆍ보완하여 발달지체유아의 인지 문제해결력을 측정하는 데 활용하였다. 연구대상은 발달지체유아를 36명의 실험집단과 36명의 통제집단으로 구분하고 2016년 10월 4일부터 2017년 1월 13일까지 실험집단에 30분씩 주 2회 총 30회기의 해당 프로그램을 적용하였다. 발달지체유아의 인지 문제해결력은 ‘점조직 연결’, ‘도형 분류’, ‘규칙성 이해’, ‘문제 상황 대처능력’ 하위영역으로 나누어 검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 ‘ICT 기반 창의 프로그램’이 발달지체유아의 인지 문제해결력에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 논리적 사고와 창의적인 문제해결력 향상을 위한 ICT교육 활동에 발달지체유아들도 충분히 참여할 수 있다는 가능성을 시사해 준다.The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of ICT-Based Creativity Program on Cognitive problem solving ability of Children with Developmental delays. This study was developed the basic experimental tool for the purpose of this research and was proved this program through validity verification and ICT-Based Creativity Program was used to measure Cognitive problem solving ability of Children with Developmental delays. This study was divided Children with Developmental delays into two groups such as experimental group and control group. ICT-Based Creativity Program was applied to experimental group in 30minutes session, two times a week for total 30 times from October 4, 2016 to January 13, 2017. The test was conducted Cognitive problem solving ability of Children with Developmental delays into four categories such as ‘dot-to-dot connection’, ‘shape classification’, ‘understanding of regularity’, ‘coping with problematic situation’. And the results are as follows; It showed the positive influence on Cognitive problem solving ability to Children with Developmental delays. These results suggest that children with developmental delays can participate fully in ICT education activities for logical thinking and creative problem solving ability.
Topical Permeation Characteristics of Diclofenac Sodium from NaCMC Gels in Comparison with Conventional Gel Formulations (2001)

Topical gel formulations of diclofenac sodium were prepared by using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), a low-toxicity cellulose polymer as a gel-forming material that is biocompatible and biodegradable. The influence of various formulation variables, such as initial drug concentrations and NaCMC concentration, and certain skin permeation enhancers on release characteristics of the diclofenac sodium from the prepared gels through a standard cellophane membrane was studied in comparison with four commercially available gel formulations of diclofenac sodium,. The cumulative amounts released and the apparent release rates were higher for the prepared gels in comparison with the commercial formulations. Skin permeation studies using abdominal rat skin revealed good improvement of skin permeation characteristics of diclofenac sodium using NaCMC gels as compared to the commercial gels. The cumulative amount permeated at 6 h (microg/cm2), steady-state flux Jss (microg/cm2 h), lag time tL (h), permeability coefficient kp (cm/s), partition coefficient k, and diffusion coefficient D (cm2/s) were determined for the prepared gels in comparison with the commercial gels. Skin permeation enhancers such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tween 80, and alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) exhibited little or no effect on the permeation characteristics of diclofenac sodium. Infrared (IR) spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies on the pure diclofenac sodium, NaCMC, and their physical mixture at a 1:1 ratio revealed that there was no positive evidence for the interactions between the drug and NaCMC, indicating the compatibility of the drug and the vehicle. Based on experimental results, preparation of diclofenac sodium gels using NaCMC vehicle is promising.
A new method to propagate defective HSV-1 vectors (1988)

Journal Article A new method to propagate defective HSV-1 vectors Get access Alfred I. Geller Alfred I. Geller Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Edwards Research Three, Department of Neurology, Mass General HospitalBoston, MA 02130 and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Shriver Center for Mental Retardation200 Trapelo Rd, Waltham, MA 02254, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 12, 24 June 1988, Page 5690, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.12.5690 Published: 24 June 1988 Article history Accepted: 12 May 1988 Published: 24 June 1988
Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 Mutant A863P in Erythromelalgia: Effects of Altered Activation and Steady-State Inactivation on Excitability of Nociceptive Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons (2006)

Inherited erythromelalgia/erythermalgia (IEM) is a neuropathy characterized by pain and redness of the extremities that is triggered by warmth. IEM has been associated with missense mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(V)1.7, which is preferentially expressed in most nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and sympathetic ganglion neurons. Several mutations occur in cytoplasmic linkers of Na(V)1.7, with only two mutations in segment 4 (S4) and S6 of domain I. We report here a simplex case with an alanine 863 substitution by proline (A863P) in S5 of domain II of Na(V)1.7. The functional effect of A863P was investigated by voltage-clamp analysis in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and by current-clamp analysis to determine the effects of A863P on firing properties of small DRG neurons. Activation of mutant channels was shifted by -8 mV, whereas steady-state fast inactivation was shifted by +10 mV, compared with wild-type (WT) channels. There was a marked decrease in the rate of deactivation of mutant channels, and currents elicited by slow ramp depolarizations were 12 times larger than for WT. These results suggested that A863P could render DRG neurons hyperexcitable. We tested this hypothesis by studying properties of rat DRG neurons transfected with either A863P or WT channels. A863P depolarized resting potential of DRG neurons by +6 mV compared with WT channels, reduced the threshold for triggering single action potentials to 63% of that for WT channels, and increased firing frequency of neurons when stimulated with suprathreshold stimuli. Thus, A863P mutant channels produce hyperexcitability in DRG neurons, which contributes to the pathophysiology of IEM.
Effects of Light on the Charge State of InSb–MOS Devices (1969)

We have made a detailed study of the effects of photon radiation in the energy range between 0.5 and 5.0 eV on InSb metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. Measurements of the photocurrent through the MOS structures made at several temperatures showed that even at 300°K a photovoltage is developed for photon energies greater than about 1.3 eV. For photon energies above 3 eV the indium-antimony oxide layer became photoconductive. The charging and discharging characteristics of the InSb-oxide interface were investigated by measuring the response of the InSb–MOS structure to modulated long wavelength (3.9 μ) radiation. This radiation acts as a probe for examining the band bending in the InSb at the InSb-oxide interface, which in turn depends on the amount of charge trapped in the oxide or at the interface. When the MOS structure is irradiated with 1.3- to 4-eV photons, the oxide and/or the interface becomes negatively charged. At photon energies above 3.5 eV there is a competition between the mechanism which induces negative charge in the oxide and/or interface region and the mechanism which releases this charge. This competition can be influenced by applied bias, and by properly biasing the device and irradiating with photons having energies greater than 4 eV the charges can be released.
Comparisons between Geographically Diverse Samples of Carried <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

Approximately one-third of the human population is asymptomatically colonized by Staphylococcus aureus. However, much of the global diversity within the carriage populations remains uncharacterized, and it is unclear to what degree the variation is geographically partitioned. We isolated 300 carriage isolates from 1,531 adults contemporaneously in four countries: France, Algeria, Moldova, and Cambodia. All strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. Six clonal complexes (CCs) were present in all four samples (CC30, -45, -121, -15, -5, and -8). Analyses based on the genotype frequencies revealed the French and Algerian samples to be most similar and the Cambodian sample to be most distinct. While this pattern is consistent with likely rates of human migration and geographic distance, stochastic clonal expansion also contributes to regional differences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a highly divergent and uncharacterized genotype (ST1223) within Cambodia. This lineage is related to CC75, which has previously been observed only in remote aboriginal populations in northern Australia.