gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Enflurane Sparing Effect of Morphine, Butorphanol, and Nalbuphine (1982)

The potencies of morphine and of the narcotic analgesic agonist-antagonists butorphanol and nalbuphine in terms of their ability to decrease enflurane MAC were studied. Following the determination of control MAC for enflurane in each dog, an intravenous bolus dose of either butorphanol tartrate, nalbuphine hydrochloride, morphine, or placebo was administered and enflurane MAC was redetermined. A higher dose of the same drug was then administered and enflurane MAC was redetermined up to a total of four doses in each animal. The successive doses for morphine and nalbuphine were 0.5, 1.5, 5.0, and 20.0 mg/kg; for butorphanol, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/kg; lactated Ringer's solution was used as a placebo. Both butorphanol and nalbuphine produced significant reductions of enflurane MAC (11 and 8%, respectively) at their lowest doses. No further reductions were produced by three- to forty-fold larger doses of either agonist-antagonist. Morphine produced a 17% reduction of enflurane MAC at the lowest dose with progressive decreases of enflurane MAC up to 63% at a dose of 5 mg/kg morphine. A fourfold increase in the morphine dose did not further decrease MAC. No change in enflurane MAC occurred in the animals given placebo. It was concluded that there is a "ceiling" to the potency of butorphanol and nalbuphine as anesthetic supplements. There is also a limit to the anesthetic sparing effect of morphine, but it is considerably greater than that of the agonist-antagonist narcotic analgesics.
Deferred Executive Compensation Policies in Chinese State-owned Enterprises (2007)

自从在中国的工业改革的开始，很中国的国有企业采用了一条推迟的行政赔偿政策为他们的管理队提供刺激。然而，如此的一条政策的有效性需要被评估。在这份报纸，我们指定推迟的行政赔偿政策，为行政官的赔偿在取决于公司的未来收入的一个模型。模型建议在推迟的行政赔偿政策下面，经理们在每个时期展出努力的增加的水平。而且，推迟的赔偿政策鼓励经理做长期的投资，它可能甚至在经理的合同的结束以后产生收入。
Alternating Copolymerization of Limonene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide (2004)

The alternating copolymerization of (R)- or (S)-limonene oxide and CO2 using beta-diiminate zinc acetate catalysts is reported. At 100 psi CO2 and 25 degrees C, the catalyst exhibits a high selectivity for the trans isomer and produces regioregular polycarbonate. The copolymer contains >99% carbonate linkages, a narrow molecular weight distribution, and an Mn value consistent with the [epoxide]/[Zn] ratio.
Vastatins Inhibit Tissue Factor in Cultured Human Macrophages (1997)

We examined the effect of fluvastatin, the first entirely synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor that is structurally different from other vastatins, on tissue factor (TF) expression in human macrophages spontaneously differentiated in culture from blood monocytes. Fluvastatin decreased TF activity in a dose-dependent manner (1 to 5 mumol/L) in both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and this reduction paralleled the decrease in immunologically recognized TF protein. The same results were obtained with another lipophilic vastatin, simvastatin, but not with hydrophilic pravastatin. The reduction in TF expression was also observed in macrophages enriched in cholesterol after exposure to 50 micrograms/mL acetylated low density lipoprotein. The inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on TF activity and antigen was fully reversible by coincubation with 100 mumol/L mevalonate or 10 mumol/L all-trans-geranylgeraniol but not with dolichol, farnesol, or geraniol. Suppression of TF antigen and activity was accompanied by a diminution in TF mRNA levels, which was completely prevented by mevalonate. Furthermore, fluvastatin impaired bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced binding of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers to a kappa B site in the TF promoter, indicating that this drug influences induction of the TF gene. We conclude that lipophilic vastatins inhibit TF expression in macrophages, and because this effect is prevented by mevalonate and geranylgeraniol, a geranylgeranylated protein plays a crucial role in the regulation of TF biosynthesis. The suppression of TF in macrophages by vastatins indicates a potential mechanism by which these drugs interfere with the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque as well as thrombotic events in hyperlipidemic patients.
Aerosol filtration with slip flow (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAerosol filtration with slip flowRichard D. Chmielewski and Simon L. GorenCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6, 13, 1101–1105Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60072a003https://doi.org/10.1021/es60072a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Therapy of Cluster Headache with Histamine H<sub>1</sub> and H<sub>2 </sub>Receptor Antagonists (1979)

Treatment with the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, alone and/or in combination with the histamine H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpyramine, in 13 patients showed that cimetidine alone was ineffective. 7 of 9 patients taking the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists responded well to the treatment; in 1 patient, medication was ineffective and in 1 patient, success was doubtful. In 3 patients with chronic cluster headache, the effect faded after 4 weeks. The results are discussed.
The Making of an Encyclopedia: The 3rd Edition of the "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology" (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Making of an Encyclopedia: The 3rd Edition of the "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology"Martin Grayson, David Eckroth, and Richard KromerCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1979, 19, 3, 117–122Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci60019a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ci60019a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Muscle-Mediated Gene Therapy (1995)

Many of the problems and hopes associated with gene therapy are exemplified in preclinical studies of genetically altered muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth). Smooth-muscle cells of the arterial wall are being genetically engineered to synthesize growth inhibitors that might prevent restenosis after balloon angioplasty. In animal models, the injection into cardiac muscle of genes that induce new vessel formation may lead to increased blood flow. Perhaps most surprising is the finding that skeletal-muscle cells can be used as recombinant-protein factories that produce and secrete proteins that can act either locally in muscle or distally.A number of approaches involving . . .
Electrocoagulation of waterborne polymers in the presence of carbon black (1987)

Abstract Electrodeposition of paint is an electrochemical process, starting from water‐borne polymers. The electrode reactions are water decomposition, leading to diffusion layers of an extreme pH. Coagulation of polymers proceeds in these layers as an acid / base reaction rather than as a direct discharge of macroions at the electrodes. The electrodeposited film behaves like a weak acid or alkaline ion exchanger. Under polarization, high electric field strength leads to charge separation and the formation of a double space charge. Current / voltage‐behavior is nonlinear. The mechanism of charge transport is purely ionic. Resistivities are in the order of p = 10 8 Ohm·cm in the wet film. The stoved film is an insulator. Electrodeposition of a second film is impossible. However, electrodeposition of the primary film in the presence of dispersed carbon black, studied in detail for the first time, leads to an appreciable electronic conductivity in the stoved film. ρ is in the order of 10 5 ‐ 10 7 Ohm·cm even with a carbon black concentration of only a few wt.‐%. This has been explained in terms of a stick percolation model and the preferential formation of transversal carbon black chains in the film. The relatively high resistivities found along these chains is due to the need of electron tunneling through ultrathin polymer films around the polymer wetted individual carbon black particles. Temperature behavior of resistivities, field effect and other proofs are given for this model. For practical application, the most important findung is the possibility of an electrodeposition of a coherent second layer and even of multilayers in the presence of only 1 ‐ 5 wt.‐% of an appropriate carbon black filler.
Secreted Ectodomain of Sialic Acid-Binding Ig-Like Lectin-9 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Promote Recovery after Rat Spinal Cord Injury by Altering Macrophage Polarity (2015)

Engrafted mesenchymal stem cells from human deciduous dental pulp (SHEDs) support recovery from neural insults via paracrine mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we show that the conditioned serum-free medium (CM) from SHEDs, administered intrathecally into rat injured spinal cord during the acute postinjury period, caused remarkable functional recovery. The ability of SHED-CM to induce recovery was associated with an immunoregulatory activity that induced anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. Secretome analysis of the SHED-CM revealed a previously unrecognized set of inducers for anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 (ED-Siglec-9). Depleting MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 from the SHED-CM prominently reduced its ability to induce M2-like macrophages and to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). The combination of MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 synergistically promoted the M2-like differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro, and this effect was abolished by a selective antagonist for CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) or by the genetic knock-out of CCR2. Furthermore, MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 administration into the injured spinal cord induced M2-like macrophages and led to a marked recovery of hindlimb locomotor function after SCI. The inhibition of this M2 induction through the inactivation of CCR2 function abolished the therapeutic effects of both SHED-CM and MCP-1/ED-Siglec-9. Macrophages activated by MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 extended neurite and suppressed apoptosis of primary cerebellar granule neurons against the neurotoxic effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Our data suggest that the unique combination of MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 repairs the SCI through anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage induction.
A Review on Current Research Aspects in Tool-Based Micromachining Processes (2014)

Technology development has led to the need of micro and miniaturized products in the field of automobile, aerospace, electronics, medical implants, biomedicine, robotics, and so on. Micromachining is the key technology to satisfy the need of the industry in terms of functionality and miniaturization in size. In this article, state-of-the-art review on tool-based micromachining processes such as microturning, microdrilling, micromilling, electric discharge micromachining (Micro-EDM), and electrochemical micromachining (Micro-ECM) has been carried out. The review begins with an overview of micromachining, classifications, and discussions about different aspects of tool-based micromachining processes. The research works carried out for the past 10 years are analyzed in terms of materials perspective, process parameters, size effects, performance characteristics, condition monitoring, product development, micro features generation, and fabrication of micro tools. A statistical analysis has been performed with respect to the previous review articles, numbers of publications in the related area, and their research gap. Finally, the possible future research direction is presented.
Validation of an Automated Procedure to Isolate Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Cells by Using the Sepax <sup>®</sup> Technology (2012)

The stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue has gained popularity as a source of autologous progenitor cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The aim of this study was to validate a newly developed, automated procedure to isolate adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from adult human lipoaspirates in a closed and clinical-grade device, based on the Sepax(®) technology. Using a total of 11 donors, this procedure was compared with the standard operator-based manual separation in terms of isolation yield, clonogenic fraction, phenotype, and differentiation potential of ASCs. As compared with the manual process, automation resulted in a 62% higher isolation yield, with 2.6±1.2×10(5) nucleated cells per mL of liposuction, and a 24% higher frequency of clonogenic progenitors. The variability in the isolation yield and clonogenicity across different preparations was reduced by 18% and 50%, respectively. The cytofluorimetric profile and in vitro differentiation capacity into mesenchymal lineages were comparable in the cells isolated using the two procedures. The new Sepax-based process thus allows an efficient isolation of ASCs with higher and more reproducible yields than the standard manual procedure, along with minimal operator intervention. These results are expected to facilitate the use of ASCs for clinical purposes, either within an intraoperative setting or in combination with further in vitro cell expansion/cultivation.
Privacy-Preserving Data Processing with Flexible Access Control (2017)

Cloud computing provides an efficient and convenient platform for cloud users to store, process and control their data. Cloud overcomes the bottlenecks of resource-constrained user devices and greatly releases their storage and computing burdens. However, due to the lack of full trust in cloud service providers, the cloud users generally prefer to outsource their sensitive data in an encrypted form, which, however, seriously complicates data processing, analysis, as well as access control. Homomorphic encryption (HE) as a single key system cannot flexibly control data sharing and access after encrypted data processing. How to realize various computations over encrypted data in an efficient way and at the same time flexibly control the access to data processing results has been an important challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving data processing scheme with flexible access control. With the cooperation of a data service provider (DSP) and a computation party (CP), our scheme, based on Paillier's partial homomorphic encryption (PHE), realizes seven basic operations, i.e., Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Sign Acquisition, Absolute, Comparison, and Equality Test, over outsourced encrypted data. In addition, our scheme, based on the homomorphism of attribute-based encryption (ABE), is also designed to support flexible access control over processing results of encrypted data. We further prove the security of our scheme and demonstrate its efficiency and advantages through simulations and comparisons with existing work.
Test results of a chip for the separation of mixed and filtered signals (1995)

We describe an algorithm and chip implementation for separating a mixture of unknown, but independent, temporal signals in static and dynamic environments. The proposed algorithm, which is a simple but conceptually powerful modification of the Herault and Jutten (HJ) algorithm, proves to be robust to parameter variations. Moreover, we present some chip results to quantify the performance of the modified algorithm in static and dynamic (mixing and filtering) environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Additive Manufacturing Technology: Potential Implications for U.S. Manufacturing Competitiveness (2014)

This article explores the development and application of additive manufacturing as well as initiatives in the United States and other countries to advance it. It also examines the technology's effect on firm and industry production activities, as well as the potential implications for U.S. manufacturing competitiveness focused in three industries. It concludes that the most significant factors affecting the potential of additive manufacturing to contribute to U.S. competitiveness are developing standards, improving the selection and affordability of materials, and increasing the accuracy and reliability of equipment and processes.
Synthesis of complex dynamic character motion from simple animations (2002)

In this paper we present a general method for rapid prototyping of realistic character motion. We solve for the natural motion from a simple animation provided by the animator. Our framework can be used to produce relatively complex realistic motion with little user effort.We describe a novel constraint detection method that automatically determines different constraints on the character by analyzing the input motion. We show that realistic motion can be achieved by enforcing a small set of linear and angular momentum constraints. This simplified approach helps us avoid the complexities of computing muscle forces. Simpler dynamic constraints also allow us to generate animations of models with greater complexity, performing more intricate motions. Finally, we show that by learning a small set of key parameters that describe a character pose we can help a non-skilled animator rapidly create realistic character motion.
Global MHD simulation of the geomagnetic sudden commencement on 21 October 1999 (2009)

Recently, Shinbori et al. (2004) examined the electric field variations associated with geomagnetic sudden commencements (SC) by using data from the Akebono satellite in the inner magnetosphere ( L < 5) and reported the following characteristics of the SC‐associated electric field variations. (1) The electric field shows a bipolar change. (2) The initial excursion of the electric field tends to be directed westward. (3) The electric field amplitude does not show a dependence on magnetic local time. By using a global three‐dimensional MHD simulation model, we examine how and where such SC‐associated electric field variations are established. In our study, we used the SC event that occurred on 21 October 1999, which was caused by a sudden increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure from ∼3 to ∼13 nPa. The solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions observed from the Wind satellite near GSM ( x , y , z ) ∼ (22, −62, 20) R E are used as the simulation input parameters. The numerical simulation shows that inward flow is first excited near local noon and then flow vortex is generated near the flankside as the solar wind discontinuity is passing over the magnetosphere. Thus, the convection electric field variations change with local time. The vortical structure has a duration of 3–4 min and propagates with a flow speed of ∼75% of the solar wind speed. The electric fields associated with flow vortices show a bipolar structure. We suggest that the flow vortex in our simulation is associated with the main impulse of SC and that the SC‐associated electric fields observed at Akebono are due to the convection electric field.
Survey of data replication in P2P systems (2006)

Large-scale distributed collaborative applications are getting common as a result of rapid progress in distributed technologies (grid, peer-to-peer, and mobile computing). Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are particularly interesting for collaborative applications as they can scale without the need for powerful servers. In P2P systems, data storage and processing are distributed across autonomous peers, which can join and leave the network at any time. To provide high data availability in spite of such dynamic behavior, P2P systems rely on data replication. Some replication approaches assume static, read-only data (e.g. music files). Other solutions deal with updates, but they simplify replica management by assuming no update conflicts or single-master replication (i.e. only one copy of the replicated data accepts write operations). P2P advanced applications, which must deal with semantically rich data (e.g. XML documents, relational tables, etc.) using a high-level SQL-like query language, are likely to need more sophisticated capabilities such as multi-master replication (i.e. all replicas accept write operations) and update conflict resolution. These issues are addressed by optimistic replication. Optimistic replication allows asynchronous updating of replicas so that applications can progress even though some nodes are disconnected or have failed. As a result, users can collaborate asynchronously. However, concurrent updates may cause replica divergence and conflicts, which should be reconciled. In this survey, we present an overview of data replication, focusing on the optimistic approach that provides good properties for dynamic environments. We also introduce P2P systems and the replication solutions they implement. In particular, we show that current P2P systems do not provide eventual consistency among replicas in the presence of updates, apart from APPA system, a P2P data management system that we are building.
CACAO — A 64-bit JavaVM just‐in‐time compiler (1997)

This paper describes the design and implementation of CACAO, a just-in-time compiler for Java. The CACAO system translates Java byte code on demand into native code for the ALPHA processor. During this translation process the stack-oriented Java byte code is transformed into a register-oriented intermediate code. Local variables and stack locations are replaced by pseudo-registers eliminating the 32-bit restriction on address types. A fast register allocation algorithm is applied to map the pseudo-registers to machine registers. During code generation, field offsets are computed for proper alignment on 64-bit architectures. Even though the CACAO system has to incur loading and compilation time, it executes Java programs up to 85 times faster than the JDK interpreter, and up to seven times faster than the kaffe JIT compiler. It is slightly slower than equivalent C programs compiled at the highest optimization level. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.