gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermolabile in vivo DNA-binding activity associated with a protein encoded by mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1983)

The major DNA-binding protein encoded by several temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 was thermolabile for binding to intracellular viral DNA. The ability of DNase I to release this protein from isolated nuclei was used as a measure of the amount of protein bound to viral DNA. This assay was based upon our previous observation that the fraction of herpesviral DNA-binding protein which can be eluted from nuclei with DNase I represents proteins associated with progeny viral DNA (D. M. Knipe and A. E. Spang, J. Virol. 43:314-324, 1982). In this study, we found that several temperature-sensitive mutants encoded proteins which rapidly chased from a DNase I-sensitive to a DNase I-resistant nuclear form upon shift to the nonpermissive temperature. We interpret this change in DNase I sensitivity to represent the denaturation of the DNA-binding site at the nonpermissive temperature and the association with the nuclear framework via a second site on the protein. The DNA-binding activity measured by the DNase I sensitivity assay represents an important function of the protein in viral replication because three of five mutants tested were thermolabile for this activity. A fourth mutant encoded a protein which did not associate with the nucleus at the nonpermissive temperature and therefore would not be available for DNA binding in the nucleus. We also present supportive evidence for the binding of the wild-type protein to intracellular viral DNA by showing that a monoclonal antibody coprecipitated virus-specific DNA sequences with the major DNA-binding protein.
A diffusion-based truncated projection artifact reduction method for iterative digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction (2013)

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has strong promise to improve sensitivity for detecting breast cancer. DBT reconstruction estimates the breast tissue attenuation using projection views (PVs) acquired in a limited angular range. Because of the limited field of view (FOV) of the detector, the PVs may not completely cover the breast in the x-ray source motion direction at large projection angles. The voxels in the imaged volume cannot be updated when they are outside the FOV, thus causing a discontinuity in intensity across the FOV boundaries in the reconstructed slices, which we refer to as the truncated projection artifact (TPA). Most existing TPA reduction methods were developed for the filtered backprojection method in the context of computed tomography. In this study, we developed a new diffusion-based method to reduce TPAs during DBT reconstruction using the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART). Our TPA reduction method compensates for the discontinuity in background intensity outside the FOV of the current PV after each PV updating in SART. The difference in voxel values across the FOV boundary is smoothly diffused to the region beyond the FOV of the current PV. Diffusion-based background intensity estimation is performed iteratively to avoid structured artifacts. The method is applicable to TPA in both the forward and backward directions of the PVs and for any number of iterations during reconstruction. The effectiveness of the new method was evaluated by comparing the visual quality of the reconstructed slices and the measured discontinuities across the TPA with and without artifact correction at various iterations. The results demonstrated that the diffusion-based intensity compensation method reduced the TPA while preserving the detailed tissue structures. The visibility of breast lesions obscured by the TPA was improved after artifact reduction.
Preparation and Thermal Property of Phase Change Material Microcapsules by Phase Separation (2007)

Compared to conventional single-phase fluids, the latent functionally thermal fluid (LFTF), with phase change particles of μm magnitude in size dispersed in it, shows much greater apparent specific heat and heat transfer rate between the fluid and the duct wall. Therefore, for given heat transportation quantity, the mass flow rate and the pump consumption can be reduced greatly. Due to these, LFTF is a promising material in the fields of heat exchanging. In this paper, phase change material (n-tetradecane) was encapsulated by polymethyl mathacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and blend of them by internal phase separation method to form microcapsule of 1~2μm in size. The chemical structures were demonstrated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The core-shell structure was observed using phase contrast microscope. Differential scanning calometry (DSC) results indicated that the phase change enthalpy of the containing 75wt% n-tetradecane as core material reaches 150.7 J/g.
Low-temperature heat-capacity study of Haucke compounds Ca<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, Y<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, La<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and Th<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1980)

Low-temperature heat capacities of some Haucke compounds (Ca${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$, Y${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$, La${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$, and Th${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$) were studied. The electronic specific-heat constants of these compounds are nearly the same and slightly smaller than that of pure nickel. The Deybe temperatures of these compounds show a wider variation than the electronic specific-heat constants. It is found that the lattice rigidity of these four compounds varies considerably, with that of La${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$ being the softest, followed by Ca${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$, Th${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$, and Y${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$ in order of increasing rigidity. This appears to influence their hydrogen absorption capacity. The relative softness is correlated with the Ni-Ni distances in the midplane [$3(g)$ sites], and it is suggested that the Ni atoms in this plane play a critical role in governing the hydrogenation behavior of these materials.
A 0.8-mW 5-bit 250-MS/s Time-Interleaved Asynchronous Digital Slope ADC (2011)

Slope and digital-ramp converters are normally limited to very low sampling rates, since they require a digital counter at a highly oversampled clock rate. In this work, an asynchronous digital slope architecture is introduced that only requires a nonoversampled clock, thus enabling a much higher speed of operation. At the same time, the low complexity and the inherent accuracy of the slope-architecture enable very good power-efficiency without using complex calibration techniques. A two-channel time-interleaved 5-bit asynchronous digital slope ADC was implemented in a 90-nm CMOS technology and occupies 160 μm × 200 μm. The measured prototype achieves an ENOB of 4.6 bit, while operating at 250 MS/s and consuming 0.8 mW from a 1-V supply.
High Dynamic Range Image Generation Based on Convolutional Weight Optimization Robust to Mixed Noise Removal (2018)

Exposure blending generates a high dynamic range (HDR) image from multiple exposure images. However, when photographing in a low-light scene, these images are deteriorated due to various types of noise, and then it brings down the dynamic range. Existing methods based on pixel-wise blending cannot sufficiently reduce noise, especially in the case of a few input images. This report proposes a convolutional weight optimization method for exposure blending that robustly removes mixed noise and under/over-exposed pixels with a few inputs. In blending each pixel, the proposed method convolves neighboring pixels and generates a noise-free HDR image. The convolution of local regions enables to enhance the denoising capability of image blending. To find a set of weight maps for convolution, we introduce a weight optimization problem as a convex optimization problem, in which Huber loss function is utilized as a fidelity measure in blending to make the method robust to outliers, and solve the optimization problem by using the primal-dual splitting method. The weighted sum of the noisy input images with the estimated weight maps makes a noise-free HDR image. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed method compared with several conventional methods.
Ad hoc Network for Emergency Rescue System based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2016)

Intelligent Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on emergency rescue is widely used to detect injured mountaineers in inaccessible areas. These systems should satisfied several features. On the one hand, it is important to know the georeference of the injured mountaineers. It is also important to have real-time images of the situation and the area where people have been hilly. For this reasons, in this paper, we present the development of a UAV integrated within a wireless ad hoc network and a communication protocol able to transfer between several UAV’s and Smartphones working with Android OS. This paper also shows how to extend the concept of ad hoc network on Smartphones to extend wireless coverage for emergency situations in critical areas without GSM cellular coverage. After developing our system, we have focused our effort on demonstrating the correct operation of our UAV and its network performance when the system is used to track within a zone. Experimental results show the big potential of this kind of networks working on hostile terrain such as big mountains, ravines and river canyons without GSM signal communication.
Chromatic information coding in optical systems for hyperspectral imaging and chromatic confocal sensing (2012)

Dispersion causes the focal lengths of refractive and diffractive optical elements to vary with wavelength. In our contribution we show how it can be used for chromatic encoding and decoding of optical signals. We specifically discuss how these concepts can be applied for the implementation of systems with applications in the growing fields of hyperspectral imaging and chromatic distance coding. Refractive systems as well as hybrid combinations of diffractive and refractive elements are used to create specific chromatic aberrations of the sensors. Our design approach enables the tailoring of the sensor properties to the measurement problem and assists designers in finding optimized solutions for industrial applications. The focus of our research is on parallelized imaging systems that cover extended objects. In comparison to point sensors, such systems promise reduced image acquisition times and an increased overall performance. Concepts for three-dimensional profilometry with chromatic confocal sensor systems as well as spectrally resolved imaging of object scenes are discussed.
Fine Pitch Solder Creams (1990)

There is continuous pressure in the electronics industry towards miniaturisation. This has led to the development of fine pitch soldered devices, and this paper considers the concept of solder creams which use a restrictive flux system as suitable for this work, rather than those that employ finer powder. It is shown that the latter type of solder cream must use metal powders with a higher oxide content which will require the cream to contain a more active flux.
Endogenous Inhibitor of Bone Cell Proliferation (1981)

A substance recovered from the medium of embryonic chick bones growing in organ culture inhibits the proliferation of chick calvarial bone cells in vitro. This inhibition of proliferation occurs within 3 hr after exposure of the cells to the inhibitory substance (IS) in a manner which does not appear to affect the protein synthesis or the gross morphology of the cells. The medium from which IS is obtained can be diluted 500-fold and still retain significant inhibitory activity. Cells in culture spontaneously escape the inhibition of a single dose of IS within 24 hr of exposure, however, upon further addition of IS to these cells inhibition of proliferation is again observed. Cells derived from chick bone as well as rat and human bone are more sensitive to the inhibition than are chick dermal fibroblasts and chick liver and muscle cells. IS is not destroyed after treatment of the conditioned medium with trypsin, phospholipase A2, RNase, neuraminidase, or heat. IS is also not a commonly produced prostaglandin. Estimates of the molecular weight of IS range from 6000 to 14,000 daltons. While these features do not disclose the exact nature of this substance, they are consistent with this substance being a small polypeptide without the exposed amino acids, lysine or arginine. We conclude that the presence of such a substance supports the concept of local regulation of bone metabolism.
Seasonal and diurnal variability of essential oil and its components in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Çukurova (2005)

Turkish Oregano ( Origanum onites L.) is one of the most commonly collected from nature as well as cultivated Origanum species in Turkey . In addition, Turkish Oregano is the most exported Origanum species from Turkey to the entire World. In this study, the seasonal and diurnal variability of the essential oil content in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Çukurova was studied from September 2000-August 2001. Monthly variability of the essential oil composition was also studied. The plant cuttings collected from the region were rooted in the greenhouse and transferred to the field in a split plot design with three replications. One year later from transplanting, fresh leaves from the top shoots were collected every week three times a day on Monday (at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 o'clock) throughout the year. The content and composition of the essential oil were analysed in fresh leaf samples by hydrodistillation. The essential oil content changed according to the seasons and the hour of day. The highest essential oil content (% 1.92) was found in the post-flowering -at the beginning of the seed formation period in the afternoon harvests during the second half of June (40th week). The essential oil composition varied monthly and the highest value (% 73.65) of carvacrol, the main component of the essential oil, was obtained from the flowering period in May
Effects of cytoskeletal perturbation on the sensitivity of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell surface membranes to mechanical trauma. (1991)

Evidence presented previously indicated that shape changes in circulating cancer cells within the microvasculature may lead to rapid, lethal rupture of the cell surface membranes, thereby contributing to the inefficiency of this phase of hematogenous metastasis. As the cytoskeleton is known to regulate cell shape and, in at least some cases, to be attached to the surface membrane, we have determined whether or not it plays a role in inhibiting lethal, deformation-associated, mechanically induced surface membrane trauma. Thus, Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells were treated with different cytoskeleton-perturbing agents, and their susceptibility to filtration trauma on passage through Nuclepore membranes was determined. In contrast to the involvement of the cytoskeleton in nonlethal cell deformation, agents which disrupt intracellular networks of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments had little or no direct effect on EAT cell susceptibility to rapid, mechanically induced, lethal trauma.
Preventive Effect of Marine Alga Sargassum Horneri Extract on Bone Loss in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats in Vivo. (2003)

The effect of Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) extract on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats was investigated. Rats received a single subcutaneous administration of STZ (6.0 mg/100 g body weight), and then the animals were orally administered water-solubilized extract (10 mg/100 g body weight) of S. horneri once daily for 14 or 21 days. The administration of STZ caused a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in serum glucose, triglyceride, and calcium levels, indicating a diabetic state. These alterations were significantly prevented by the administration of S. horneri extract for 14 or 21 days. The administration of S. horneri extract to normal rats for 14 or 21 days did not have a significant effect on body weight or serum glucose, triglyceride, and calcium levels. Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were significantly decreased in STZ-diabetic rats. These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of S. horneri extract for 14 or 21 days. The administration of S. horneri extract to normal rats for 14 or 21 days caused a significant increase in calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues. Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained at 14 days after STZ administration were cultured for 48 hr in a medium containing either vehicle or S. horneri extract (10, 25, or 50 μg/ml of medium) in vitro. Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained from STZ-diabetic rats was significantly increased in the presence of S. horneri extract (10, 25, or 50 μg/ml). The present results demonstrate that the intake of S. horneri extract has a preventive effect on bone loss in STZ-diabetic rats.
Mechanism of Protein Supercharging by Sulfolane and <i>m</i>-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Electrospray Process (2016)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) allows the production of intact gas-phase ions from proteins in solution. Nondenaturing solvent conditions usually culminate in low ESI charge states. However, many mass spectrometric applications benefit from protein ions that are more highly charged. One way to boost protein charge is the addition of supercharging agents (SCAs) such as sulfolane or m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) to the aqueous solution. The supercharging mechanism remains controversial. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine how SCAs affect the behavior of ESI nanodroplets. Simulations were conducted on myoglobin in water, water/sulfolane, and water/m-NBA. Na(+) ions served as surrogate charge carriers instead of H(+). We focus on conditions where the protein initially adopts its native conformation. MD-generated charge states show remarkable agreement with experimental data. Droplet shrinkage is accompanied by Na(+) ejection, consistent with the ion evaporation model (IEM). The droplets segregate into an outer SCA shell and an aqueous core. This core harbors protein and Na(+). Unfavorable SCA solvation restricts Na(+) access to the droplet surface, thereby impeding IEM ejection. Rapid water loss causes SCA enrichment, ultimately forcing all remaining Na(+) to bind the protein. IEM ejection is no longer feasible after this point, such that the protein becomes supercharged by Na(+) trapping. SCA-free droplets produce lower charge states because the aqueous environment ensures a higher IEM efficiency. For all scenarios examined here, proteins are released via solvent evaporation to dryness, as envisioned by the charged residue model. Our data provide the first atomistic view of the supercharging mechanism.
Engineering chemically abrupt high-k metal oxide∕silicon interfaces using an oxygen-gettering metal overlayer (2004)

High-k metal oxide gate dielectrics may be required to extend Moore’s law of semiconductor device density scaling into the future. However, growth of a thin SiO2-containing interface layer is almost unavoidable during the deposition of metal oxide films onto Si substrates. This limits the scaling benefits of incorporating high-k dielectrics in future transistors. A promising approach, in which oxygen-gettering metal overlayers are used to engineer the thickness of the SiO2-based interface layer between metal oxide and Si substrate after deposition of the metal oxide layer, is reported. Using a Ti overlayer with high solubility for oxygen on ZrO2 or HfO2 dielectrics, the effective removal of the low-k interface layer at 300K has been confirmed by electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Significant enhancement of the gate capacitance density, while retaining low leakage current densities, has also been demonstrated for these interface-engineered high-k gate stacks.
Human renal carcinoma expresses two messages encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide: evidence for the alternative splicing of a single-copy gene. (1988)

A peptide secreted by tumors associated with the clinical syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy was recently purified from human renal carcinoma cell line 786-0. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this peptide has considerable similarity with those of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and of peptides isolated from human breast and lung carcinoma (cell line BEN). In this study we obtained the nucleotide sequence of a 1595-base cDNA complementary to mRNA encoding the PTH-like peptide produced by 786-0 cells. The cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding a leader sequence of 36 amino acids and a 139-residue peptide, in which 8 of the first 13 residues are identical to the N terminus of PTH. Through the first 828 bases the sequence of this cDNA is identical with one recently isolated from a BEN cell cDNA library; however, beginning with base 829 the sequences diverge, shortening the open reading frame by 2 amino acids. Differential RNA blot analysis revealed that 786-0 cells express two major PTH-like peptide mRNAs with different 3' untranslated sequences, one of which hybridizes with the presently described sequence and the other one with that reported for the BEN cell PTH-like peptide cDNA. Primer-extension analysis of 786-0 poly(A)+ RNA together with Southern blot analysis of human DNA confirmed the presence of a single-copy gene coding for multiple mRNAs through alternate splicing. In addition, the 3' untranslated sequence of the cDNA described here has significant similarity to the c-myc protooncogene.
586. Cyclic organic boron compounds. Part IV. B-amino- and B-alkoxy-borazoles and their precursors the tris(primary amino)borons and (primary amino)boron alkoxides (1959)

D. W. Aubrey and M. F. Lappert, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 2927 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590002927
The First Shall Be Last: Writing the Essay Backwards (1993)

The problem with writing for most students is that they do it wrong. They do it backwards. Because writing is more often viewed as a vexation than a thinking process, students tend to dispose of writing assignments as quickly as possible. This means they prefer a one-draft run, beginning with the thesis and moving toward the end, which is why a paper whose conclusion differs from its thesis is a common sight in English classes. But such an error is instructive, providing the clue we need to reorient our students toward a successful