gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of NMDA Receptors in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Produces Light-Like Phase Shifts of the Circadian Clock<i>In Vivo</i> (1999)

Although there is substantial evidence that glutamate mimics the effects of light on the mammalian circadian clock in vitro, it has been reported that microinjection of glutamate into the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) region in vivo does not result in a pattern of phase shifts that mimic those caused by light pulses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that microinjection of NMDA into the SCN would induce light-like phase shifts of the circadian clock through activation of the NMDA receptor. Hamsters housed in constant darkness received microinjections of NMDA through guide cannulas aimed at the SCN region at various times throughout the circadian cycle. Wheel running was monitored as a measure of circadian phase. Microinjection of NMDA resulted in circadian phase shifts, the size and direction of which were dependent on the time of injection. The resulting phase-response curve closely resembled that of light. The circadian response showed a clear dose-dependence at circadian time (CT) 13.5 but not at CT19. Both phase delays and advances induced by NMDA were blocked by coinjection of the NMDA antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid but were slightly attenuated by the non-NMDA antagonist 6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium. The ability of NMDA to induce phase shifts was not altered by coinjection with tetrodotoxin. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of NMDA receptors is a critical step in the transmission of photic information to the SCN.
An Evaluation of Breast Pumps Currently Available on the American Market (1983)

Eight breast pumps commonly seen in clinical practice were measured and ranked for desirability in eight categories: pressure range, pressure control, size and shape of nipple cup, volume accommodation, visual feedback, ease of cleaning, ease of handling, and cost. Three scored relatively high (Egnell, Kaneson, and Loyd-B), three scored low (Gomco, Davol, and Bintner), and two appeared to be frequently ineffective (Evenflo and Ora'lac).
Glyme−Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and Glyme−Lithium Bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide Phase Behavior and Solvate Structures (2005)

Crystal structures of glyme solvates with LiTFSI and LiBETI (TFSI- = bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, BETI- = bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide) have been determined including (monoglyme)1:LiBETI, (diglyme)2:LiTFSI, (diglyme)1/2:LiTFSI, and low-temperature (triglyme)1:LiBETI. These solvates, combined with the phase behavior of the salts with various glymes from DSC analysis, provide insight into the molecular interactions of lithium salts in ethoxy solvents commonly used for solid polymer and liquid electrolytes. Many of the solvates appear to undergo order−disorder solid phase transitions. These are the first reported crystal structures containing the BETI- anion.
The Mexican Credit Reporting Industry Reform: A Case Study (2004)

A country's legal and regulatory framework for credit reporting and data protection has a significant impact on how, and even whether, a credit reporting industry develops. This case study describes Mexico's experience encouraging competition in the credit information market. It touches upon its key aspects, including the main drivers and objectives; the reform stages and constituents and institutions involved in them; obstacles faced and how they were overcome; results and outcomes of the reform; and some of the lessons learned.
BIOADHESIVE POLYMER SYSTEMS FOR PEPTIDE DELIVERY (1990)

The mechanisms of bioadhesion of polymers to mucus are still far from being completely understood, although several theories, some quite plausible, have been advanced to explain the different mechanisms involved. Many different types of bio(muco)adhesive polymers can be used in the design of controlled drug delivery systems for the so-called alternative routes of application i.e. the nasal, buccal, rectal and vaginal routes
Investor response to investment research (1980)

A mong the numerous studies of the 20 2 2 8 efficiency of the American equities marketplace has been a series of investigations of the value of the securities recommendations of the professional research staffs of investment advisory services and brokerage houses 111 VI P I [41 [51 [71 @I [91 [I21 V I [I91 P O I . Those studies have asked whether investors could have realized superior investment performance if they had traded on the basis of the recommendations made. While the conclusions have generally been negative, the evidence is somewhat mixed. Nowhere in the literature, however, has an equally important issue been addressed: Do the investors to whom such recommendations are addressed actually respond by altering their trading behavior? Is anyone in fact paying any attention? If they are not, of course, analyses of the investment results that could thereby have been experienced become purely hypothetical -and the research activities, at least of most brokerage houses, would have to be regarded as largely expendable. The recent emergence of the so-called ”discount” brokers, who do not offer research to their customers, certainly raises the possiblity that many investors may indeed be indifferent to such advice. Our objective is to examine empirically the receptivity of investors to professional securities re-
Hemodynamic response function abnormalities in schizophrenia during a multisensory detection task (2015)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response has commonly been used to investigate the neuropathology underlying cognitive and sensory deficits in patients with schizophrenia (SP) by examining the positive phase of the BOLD response, assuming a fixed shape for the hemodynamic response function (HRF). However, the individual phases (positive and post-stimulus undershoot (PSU)) of the HRF may be differentially affected by a variety of underlying pathologies. The current experiment used a multisensory detection task with a rapid event-related fMRI paradigm to investigate both the positive and PSU phases of the HRF in SP and healthy controls (HC). Behavioral results indicated no significant group differences during task performance. Analyses that examined the shape of the HRF indicated two distinct group differences. First, SP exhibited a reduced and/or prolonged PSU following normal task-related positive BOLD activation in secondary auditory and visual sensory areas relative to HC. Second, SP did not show task-induced deactivation in the anterior node of the default-mode network (aDMN) relative to HC. In contrast, when performing traditional analyses that focus on the positive phase, there were no group differences. Interestingly, the magnitude of the PSU in secondary auditory and visual areas was positively associated with the magnitude of task-induced deactivation within the aDMN, suggesting a possible common neural mechanism underlying both of these abnormalities (failure in neural inhibition). Results are consistent with recent views that separate neural processes underlie the two phases of the HRF and that they are differentially affected in SP. Hum Brain Mapp 37:745-755, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The preparation of high purity, metal-sulphur alloys (1970)

A simple and safe `two-zone capsule' method for the preparation of high purity, metal-sulphur alloys is described.
Biosensor for Direct Determination of Organophosphate Nerve Agents Using Recombinant<i>Escherichia coli</i>with Surface-Expressed Organophosphorus Hydrolase. 2. Fiber-Optic Microbial Biosensor (1998)

A fiber-optic microbial biosensor suitable for direct measurement of organophosphate nerve agents was developed. The unique features of this novel microbial biosensor were the recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase on the cell surface and the optical detection of the products of enzyme-catalyzed organophosphate hydrolysis. The use of cells with the metabolic enzyme expressed on the cell surface as a biological sensing element provides advantages of no resistance to mass transport of the analyte and product across the cell membrane and low cost due to elimination of enzyme purification, over the conventional microbial biosensors based on cells expressing enzyme intracellularly and enzyme-based sensors, respectively. The use of an optical transducer allows the detection of different organophosphates in a mixture, presently not feasible with acetylcholinesterase-based biosensors. E. coli cells expressing organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on the cell surface were immobilized in low melting temperature agarose on a nylon membrane and attached to the common end of a bifurcated fiber-optic bundle. OPH-expressing E. coli cells catalyzed the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides to form stoichiometric amounts of chromophoric products that absorb light at specific wavelengths. The backscattered radiation of the specific wavelength incident light was measured using a photomultiplier detector and correlated to the organophosphate concentration. The best sensitivity and response time were obtained using a sensor constructed with 1.5 mg of cells operating in pH 9, 50 mM HEPES buffer with 100 mM NaCl and 0.05 mM CoCl2 at 30 degrees C. At optimized conditions, the biosensor measured paraoxon, parathion, and coumaphos pesticides with high selectivity against triazine and carbamate pesticides in approximately 10 min. The lower detection limits were 3 microM for paraoxon and parathion and 5 microM for coumaphos. When stored in the buffer at 22 degrees C, the biosensor was stable for over a 1-month period and showed no decline in the response for over 75 repeated usages. The new fiber-optic microbial biosensor is an ideal tool for on-line monitoring of the detoxification process for organophosphate pesticides-contaminated wastewaters but may not be suitable for environmental monitoring.
Metabolomic Profile of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is capable of disrupting different facets of lipid metabolism and lipids have been shown to play a crucial role in the viral life cycle. The aim of this study was to examine the effect HCV infection has on the hepatocyte metabolome. Huh-7.5 cells were infected using virus produced by the HCV J6/JFH1 cell culture system and cells were harvested 24, 48, and 72-hours following infection. Metabolic profiling was performed using a non-targeted multiple platform methodology combining ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS(2)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). There was a significant increase in a number of metabolites involved in nucleotide synthesis and RNA replication during early HCV infection. NAD levels were also significantly increased along with several amino acids. A number of lipid metabolic pathways were disrupted by HCV infection, resulting in an increase in cholesterol and sphingolipid levels, altered phospholipid metabolism and a possible disruption in mitochondrial fatty acid transport. Fluctuations in 5'-methylthioadenosine levels were also noted, along with alterations in the glutathione synthesis pathway. These results highlight a number of previously unreported metabolic interactions and give a more in depth insight into the effect HCV has on host cell biochemical processes.
Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. (1996)

Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment used in the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis leads to a rapid improvement in liver enzymes and is well tolerated in most patients. Fatigue and pruritus also showed an improvement, even if not significant compared with placebo, in some 50% of cases. Results of the investigations also showed that liver transplantation may be postponed in primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.
Molecular cloning and characterization of an isolate of hepatitis delta virus from Taiwan (1991)

The genomic RNA of an Asian isolate of hepatitis delta virus was cloned from a Chinese patient from Taiwan, using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify cDNA for cloning and sequencing. The sequence of this hepatitis delta virus isolate shares an 86% to 88% similarity with the three published hepatitis delta virus RNA sequences, suggesting heterogeneity of hepatitis delta viruses from different geographical areas. Four highly conserved, long stretches of sequence were found. These four regions corresponded to the sequences required for the autocatalytic cleavage activities of the genomic and antigenomic RNAs and the middle and the carboxyl terminal parts of the open reading frame for the delta antigen on the antigenomic strand. The conservation of nucleotide sequence in these four regions was further confirmed by sequencing additional hepatitis delta virus RNAs obtained from three patients with chronic delta hepatitis who lived in Los Angeles. These findings suggest that the conserved sequences are critical for viral replication. These conserved regions offer ideal sites for primer selection to carry out polymerase chain reactions to detect hepatitis delta virus RNA in patients with hepatitis delta virus infection.
The role of the membrane domain in the regulated degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. (1992)

We have constructed a series of mutations in the membrane and linker domains of Syrian hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-(HMG) CoA reductase in order to determine the regions critical for the regulated degradation of the enzyme. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, we have expressed a fusion protein, HMGal, which consists of the membrane and linker domains of the Syrian hamster HMG-CoA reductase fused to beta-galactosidase. Using this fusion protein, we have determined that a deletion of 64 amino acids from the central region of the membrane domain causes the protein to be degraded extremely rapidly. In addition, deletion of PEST sequences has little effect on degradation, but deletion of the linker domain makes the protein's degradation insensitive to sterols and mevalonate. In addition to deletion mutations, we have systematically replaced each hydrophobic, putative membrane spanning region of the membrane domain with the first transmembrane sequence from bacteriorhodopsin. Replacement of span 4 has no effect on degradation. Replacements of spans 5 or 6 result in a protein which has a normal basal rate of degradation, but this rate of degradation is not accelerated by mevalonate, low density lipoprotein, or 25-hydroxycholesterol. Replacement of span 3 results in a protein whose degradation is similarly not accelerated by sterols or mevalonate, but since this protein might be mislocalized, these results are inconclusive. Replacement of span 7 yields a short-lived protein which is degraded more rapidly in response to mevalonate but not in response to exogenous sterols. Replacement of span 8 extends both the basal and mevalonate-accelerated half-life about 5-fold. This work begins to define the critical regions for regulated degradation within the membrane domain of HMG-CoA reductase.
Phosphinites of carbohydrates as chiral ligands for asymmetric synthesis catalysed by complexes. IV. Influence of the solvent and the structure of cationic 4,6‐0‐benzylidene‐2,3‐0‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐D‐hexopyranoside‐rhodium(I) chelates on enantioselectivity in Hydrogenation of Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives (1987)

Abstract Cationic rhodium(I)‐chelates of 4,6‐benzylidene‐2,3‐0‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐D‐hexopyranosides bearing axial 0‐functions, as for instance manno‐ 5 and galactopyranosides 4c , 4d or α‐D‐glycopyranosides, show lower enantioselectivity in the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid derivatives than chelates of the all‐equatorial phenyl 4,6‐0‐(R)‐benzylidene‐2,3‐0‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside 3d (abbreviated Ph‐β‐glup). Complexes of the galactopyranosides 4c and 4d give an abnormal decrease of enantiomeric excess with the prochiral dehydroamino acid 1c in contrast to the analogous substrate ester 1d . In hydrogenations with [Rh(Ph‐β‐glup)(COD)] A as precatalyst various weak coordinating anions A⊖ do not produce differences in % ee, and the solvent effect remains low. However, an analogous chelate of the methyl α‐anomer bisphosphinite Me‐α‐glup 3a gives rise to inversion of the optical induction using benzene as solvent.
Serving ads from localhost for performance, privacy, and profit (2009)

Online advertising is a major economic force in the Internet today. Today’s deployments, however, erode privacy and degrade performance as browsers wait for ad networks to deliver ads. In this paper we pose the question: is it possible to build a practical private online advertising system? To this end we present an initial design where ads are served from the endhost. It is attractive from three standpoints — privacy, profit, and performance: tracking the user’s profile on their computer and not at a third-party improves privacy; better targeting and potentially lower operating costs can improve profits; and relying more on the local endhost rather than a distant central third-party can improve performance. In this paper we explore whether such a system is practical with an eye towards scalability, costs, and deployability. Based on a feasibility study conducted over traces from over 31K users and 130K ads, we believe our approach holds much promise. 1.
On the equivalence of McEliece's and Niederreiter's public-key cryptosystems (1994)

It is shown that McEliece's and Niederreiter's public-key cryptosystems are equivalent when set up for corresponding choices of parameters. A security analysis for the two systems based on this equivalence observation, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital signal processing fundamentals (2005)

Chapter 1: Fourier Analysis Chapter 2: Complex Number Arithmetic Chapter 3: The Fourier Transform Chapter 4: Differential Equations Chapter 5: Laplace Transforms Chapter 6: Filter Design Chapter 7: Digital Filters Chapter 8: The FIR Filters Appendix A: Matlab Tutorial Appendix B: Scilab Tutorial Appendix C: DSP Applications
Predictive Models of Hard Drive Failures Based on Operational Data (2017)

Hard drives are an essential component of modern data storage. In order to reduce the risk of data loss, hard drive failure prediction methods using the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology attributes have been proposed. However, these methods were developed from datasets not necessarily representative of operational systems. In this paper, we consider the Backblaze public dataset, a recent operational dataset from over 47,000 drives, exhibiting hard drive heterogeneity with 81 models from 5 manufacturers, an extremely unbalanced ratio of 5000:1 between healthy and failure samples and a realworld loosely controlled environment. We observe that existing predictive models no longer perform sufficiently well on this dataset. We therefore selected machine learning classification methods able to deal with a very unbalanced training set, namely SVM, RF and GBT, and adapted them to the specific constraints of hard drive failure prediction. Our results reach over 95% precision and 67% recall on a one year real-world public dataset of over 12 million records with only 2586 failures.
Scour effect on a single pile and development of corresponding scour monitoring methods (2013)

Bridge scour is a major cause of bridge failures and has emerged as a significant concern for bridge engineers. Most previous studies focus on investigating causes of the scour but not on its consequences, in other words, very few studies have been carried out on the response and feature changes of structures due to scour. Therefore, the present paper mainly studied the scour effect on a single pile or pier. A theoretical solution was derived first to obtain the relationship between the scour depth and the pile response, including static and dynamic responses. Since the expression of the solution is tedious and not easy to understand, two examples were used for the demonstration and parametric study. Based on the numerical observation, the present study proposed three possible methods for detecting and monitoring the bridge scour. Finally, a monitoring system using fiber optic sensors was designed and tested in the laboratory to verify the theoretical and numerical results and the monitoring mechanisms.
Epidemiology of immediate and early trauma deaths at an urban Level I trauma center. (1998)

The objective of this study is to identify and differentiate the injury patterns and causes of death among patients who died within the 1st hour and those in the period between 1 and 48 hours after hospital admission. Information was collected from the 1994 to 1996 trauma data base at an urban Level I trauma center. The records of 155 trauma patients who died within the 1st hour (immediate trauma death, ITD) and between 1 and 48 hours (early trauma death, ETD) were examined retrospectively. Total and constituent Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Score (TS), and Glasgow Coma Score were analyzed. ITDs constituted 49 per cent of all deaths within 48 hours. Blunt mechanisms accounted for 37 per cent of ITDs and 40 per cent of ETDs (not significant), whereas penetrating trauma accounted for 59 per cent of ITDs and 56 per cent of ETDs (not significant). Exsanguination most commonly caused death among ITDs (54%) and head injury (51%) among ETDs (P < 0.01). Patients who died within the 1st hour had higher ISS (42.6 +/- 23.2, P < 0.03), lower TS (1.7 +/- 1.9, P < 0.0001), and lower Glasgow Coma Score (3.1 +/- 1.1, P < 0.0001) than those who died after the 1st hour. Patients with ITD had a significantly worse chest ISS than those with ETD (47.4 +/- 28.6 vs 19.0 +/- 19.1, P < 0.0001). We conclude that 1) ITD is caused primarily by exsanguination, whereas ETD is largely due to the sequelae of severe neurologic injury; 2) ITD has a significantly lower TS and higher ISS than ETD; and 3) thoracic injuries are more severe among patients with ITDs than among those with ETDs. The severity of thoracic injury among ITDs suggests that rapid surgical intervention is critical during the resuscitation of these severely injured patients.
Ensemble of bootstrapped models for the prediction of the remaining useful life of a creeping turbine blade (2012)

The problem of predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a creeping turbine blade is considered in this work. We assume to have a sequence of direct measurements of the blade creep strain; failure is declared with respect to a threshold value of maximum creep strain, beyond which the blade cracks. An ensemble of bootstrapped models is developed to predict the RUL and estimate its variance. This latter quantity combines the stochastic uncertainty in the future evolution of the creep strain with the error made by approximating the actual creep growth process with the empirical model. The diverse models of the ensemble are obtained by considering the independent creep strain increments between consecutive measurements instead of the sequence of correlated creep strain measurements. The performance of the ensemble of models is evaluated by considering the accuracy in the prediction of the blade RUL and in the estimation of the corresponding prediction interval. The results point out the importance of generating diverse bootstrapped models in order to quantify the modeling error.