gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and activation of apoptosis-related molecules involved in interferon-α-mediated apoptosis in human liver cancer cells (2005)

Interferon (IFN)-alpha directly inhibits proliferation of liver cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, but the molecular mechanisms by which IFN-alpha induces apoptosis in these cells are not fully understood. We examined the effect of broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, and the caspase activation in IFN-alpha-mediated apoptosis by using 4 liver cancer cell lines that were sensitive or resistant to IFN-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Involvement of apoptosis-related mitochondrial proteins and Bcl-2 family proteins in IFN-alpha-mediated apoptosis was further examined in 1 sensitive cell line (KIM-1). The Z-VAD-fmk completely or moderately inhibited IFN-alpha-mediated apoptosis in the sensitive cells. IFN-alpha induced time-dependent activation of caspase-3 in the sensitive cells, while the resistant cells showed mild or no activation. Activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-7, and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase were identified in either or both of the sensitive cell lines, but not in the resistant cells. In KIM-1 cells, the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria to cytosole was confirmed. Meanwhile, Bcl-xL was upregulated, and Bid activation or translocation, or conformational changes of Bax were not identified. In conclusion, our results suggest IFN-alpha-mediated apoptosis in liver cancer cells involves the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and is induced by activating various caspases.
All-fiber Q-switched single-frequency Tm-doped laser near 2 μm (2009)

We present an all-fiber Q-switched single-frequency laser oscillator operating in the eye-safe region at 1950 nm. It is based on the stress-induced polarization modulation in a Tm-doped distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser. The laser emits Q-switched single-frequency laser pulses with a pulse repetition rate ranging from tens of hertz to hundreds of kilohertz and an average power of several milliwatts. Pulse duration and laser spectral linewidth have been characterized. This is, to our best knowledge, the first demonstration of a Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser near 2 microm.
Killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor ligand HLA‐Bw4 protects against multiple sclerosis (2009)

Carriage of the ligand of the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor, HLA-Bw4, was found to protect against MS in an HLA-DRB1 independent manner.
Efficient Data Transmission Method for UPnP Based Robot Middleware (2009)

The UPnP is middleware architecture that supports dynamic distributed computing environment. It has many good features for possible use as middleware in robot system integration. There is a need for bulky binary data transmission between distributed robot S/W components. Since the UPnP utilizes SOAP protocol for message transmission, however, it is not efficient to send bulky binary data. In order to overcome this weak point, this paper proposes UPnP-MTOM, MTOM (Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism) implementation over UPnP, as an efficient way for bulky binary data transmission with UPnP messages. This paper presents our implementation method and experimental results of the UPnP-MTOM implementation.
A human gastric choriocarcinoma cell line with human chorionic gonadotropin and placental alkaline phosphatase production. (1975)

A gastric choriocarcinoma cell line synthesizing human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was established in 1971 by Oboshi et al. and was found to possess human placental alkaline phosphatase. The present paper also deals with the relationship between the cell growth and HCG secretion and with cellular localization of HCG and human placental alkaline phosphatase by cytochemical and ultrastructural methods. This cell line was found to secrete HCG during cellular proliferation, with the maximum secretion in the stationary phase (about 1 muIU/cell/48 hr), and the hormone could be detected in a small proportion of mono- and/or multinuclear cells in both logarithmic and stationary phases. The organ-specific, heat-stable, L-phenylalanine-sensitive, immunoreactive human placental alkaline phosphatase was localized on the cell membrane of many cells. Ultrastructurally, the line consisted mainly of cytotrophoblastic and intermediate cells in the process of syncytial formation, with more or less squamous metaplasia. From these findings it was concluded that the cell line maintained the properties of trophoblastic cells from morphological and functional aspects, i.e., it was a cell line with two distinct marker substances.
Performance Analysis of Iterative Receiver in 3GPP/LTE DL MIMO OFDMA System (2008)

This paper provides a link level study of a downlink B3G system using MIMO OFDMA techniques. A 3GPP/LTE- like scenario, in terms of frame structure and main system parameters is considered. We especially focus on the impact of iterative MIMO receiver implementation when transmitting via double Alamouti MIMO scheme. A performance analysis is carried out regarding to the channel coding scheme implementing into the iterative loop. Several scenarios have been considered (different modulation and coding schemes (MCS), real or perfect channel estimation ...) to quantify the gain provided by such iterative receivers.
Nondestructive Observation of Bovine Milk by NMR Spectroscopy:  Analysis of Existing States of Compounds and Detection of New Compounds (2004)

In this study were successfully observed the one- (1H, 13C) and two-dimensional (1H-13C, 1H-15N, 1H-31P) NMR spectra of milk directly without any pretreatment. The signals of each NMR spectrum were assigned, and their existing states were also analyzed. Lactose existed in a free state in milk. The signals due to the butyric acid chain can be assigned among the other fatty acid chains. Monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid chains) and polyunsaturated fatty acid chains (linoleic and linolenic acid) were assigned by their characteristic signals. The signals from citrate, N-acetylcarbohydrates, and lecithin could be observed directly in the 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectra; the assignment of their signals was made through the 1H-13C, 1H-15N, and 1H-31P HMBC spectra of extracted milk. Signals from creatine and N-acetylcarbohydrates were detected for the first time.
Molecular dimensions and melt rheology of an all‐aromatic liquid crystalline polymer (2001)

Abstract The molecular dimensions and melt rheology of a thermotropic all‐aromatic liquid crystalline polyester (TLCP) composed of p ‐hydroxy benzoic acid, hydroquinone, terephthalic acid, and 2,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is examined. The Mark–Houwink exponent (α) of 0.95 is estimated for the TLCP. The persistence length estimated from molecular weight (M) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) data using the Bohdanecky–Bushin equation is about 95 Å, whereas that estimated from light scattering data is 117 Å. These persistence lengths and the observed α value, both higher than those for flexible polymers, suggest that the present TLCP is a semirigid polymer. The zero shear melt viscosity (η 0 ) varies with approximately M 6 for molecular weight M > 3 × 10 4 g/mol; below this molecular weight, η 0 varies almost linearly with M. Widely different entanglement molecular weights (M e ) are predicted, depending on the method used; the plateau modulus estimates M e of about 8 × 10 5 g/mol, whereas the ratio of mean square end‐to‐end distance and molecular weight (〈R 2 〉 0 /M) predicts M e 's either too small (0.33 g/mol) or too large (2.5 × 10 6 g/mol), depending on the theory used. Although the change in the molecular weight dependency of melt viscosity appears to be associated with the onset of entanglement coupling of the semirigid molecules, its origin needs further investigation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2378–2389, 2001
An osteopontin (SPP1) polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (2002)

Osteopontin (SPP1) is a soluble ligand with pleomorphic immunologic activities including activation of macrophage chemotaxis, promotion of Th1 responses, and activation of B1 B cells. It has been implicated in the development of murine lupus and is overexpressed in humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined a polymorphism of osteopontin for an association with lupus in humans in an effort to determine whether there is any evidence that a genetic predisposition to altered osteopontin expression might explain the overexpression seen in human SLE patients. A silent polymorphism (707C>T, rs1126616) of osteopontin was significantly associated with SLE. Additional associations with renal disease and opportunisitic infections were suggested. This is the first phenotypic association with a polymorphic variant of osteopontin.
Address Resolution Problems in Large Data Center Networks (2013)

This document examines address resolution issues related to the scaling of data centers with a very large number of hosts.The scope of this document is relatively narrow, focusing on address resolution (the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in IPv4 and Neighbor Discovery (ND) in IPv6) within a data center.
Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte escape viral variants: how important are they in viral evasion of immune clearance in vivo? (1998)

Although viral variants which are not recognized by epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been shown to arise during a number of persistent virus infections, in many cases their significance remains controversial: it has been argued that the immune response is sufficiently plastic to contain their replication. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which amino acid changes in viral proteins may affect epitope recognition by virus-specific CTL, and discuss the viral and immunological basis for the emergence of viral variants bearing such amino acid changes during infection. We then consider the impact that viral variation may have on the host CTL response and its ability to contain virus replication. We argue that the emergence of a viral variant demonstrates that it must have an in vivo replicative advantage, and that as such, the variant must tip the balance between virus replication and immune control somewhat in favor of the virus. Further, we suggest that although the immune response can evolve to recognize new viral epitopes, the CTL generated following such evolution frequently have a reduced ability to contain virus replication. We conclude that this escape mechanism likely does make a significant contribution to persistence/pathogenesis during a number of different virus infections.
Mechanism of the Stimulatory Effect of Fructose on Ethanol Oxidation in Perfused Rat Liver (1976)

The stimulatory effect of fructose on ethanol oxidation was studied in livers from fasted rats perfused with Krebs-Henseleit-bicarbonate buffer in a non-recirculating system. Two series of experiments were performed: (A) ethanol was infused with stepwise increasing concentrations (0.1-20 mM) in the presence of 4 mM fructose; (B) fructose was infused with stepwise increasing concentrations (0.5-10 mM) in the presence of 2 mM ethanol. From measured metabolic rates the following parameters were calculated: energy-rich phosphates consumed for fructose metabolism which were provided from oxidative phosphorylation (delta approximately P); reducing equivalents derived from stimulated ethanol utilization which were disposed by mitochondrial oxidation (delta2H). Under the various conditions studied a linear relationship between these parameters was observed. The ratio delta approximately P/delta2H was about 2.0. It is suggested that fructose stimulates ethanol oxidation indirectly by increasing the energy consumption of the liver due to the production of glucose from fructose. Consequetnly, the rate of oxidative phosphorylation is increased and, therefore, the capacity of the respiratory chain for oxidizing reducing equivalents derived from ethanol is enhanced. The data support the more general hypothesis that the rate of ethanol oxidation depend upon the rate of hepatic energy consumption in a given metabolic state.
The estimation and control of terrestrial inertial navigation system errors due to vertical deflections (1968)

Deflections of the vertical introduce errors into terrestrial inertial navigation systems. In many situations, these errors prove to be intolerable. However, if vertical deflection data are available prior to a mission, this information can in principle be used to reduce the navigation system errors. It is assumed that measurements of vertical deflections plus noise are available at equally spaced points on a square grid. The accuracy to which the Schuler loop errors can be controlled, given this set of measurements, is bounded by the accuracy to which the uncontrolled Schuler loop errors can be estimated given the same set of measurements. Thus lower bounds on the accuracy of the compensated system may be established by obtaining the optimal error covariances of the equivalent estimation problem. It is shown that the estimation problem can be modeled as a linear smoothing problem if the vehicle travels at a constant heading and at a constant velocity. The appropriate error covariances are found using the known techniques of optimal linear estimation theory, Kalman filtering and smoothing, both at and between the grid points.
Wireless sensor networks: application driver for low power distributed systems (2002)

Summary form only given. Wireless sensor networks allow deployment of sensing elements close to the phenomena of interest. Sensing close to the signal generation point should lead to improved SNR in general, and enable detection in otherwise obstructed environments. This fundamental benefit of local sensing, combined with the decreasing cost and increasing availability of low cost microsensors/actuators and processors, suggests that effective systems will exploit densely distributed elements. However, dense sensing capability is only scalable if the elements are networked to support collaborative processing near the sensory inputs. Therefore, in many contexts low-power wireless communication is a critical enabler of these systems because it overcomes the logistical infeasibility of deploying wires in remote, dynamic, and mobile-node, contexts. The spatially dense and temporally continuous monitoring capabilities of wireless sensor networks will transform the way in which we understand and interact with the physical world: e.g., contaminant flow monitoring in soil, air, and water; precision agriculture; transportation and traffic management; and remote-habitat monitoring for biocomplexity studies. However, in order for wireless sensor networks to effectively provide dense and continuous monitoring/data collection, they must be able to operate unattended for long periods of time. Long lifetime obviously requires that the individual components be low-power. However, component-level efficiency is not sufficient; the distributed sensor network as a whole must be designed with energy-efficiency as a primary constraint. This paper will elaborate on these issues and will also argue for focused collaboration between the low-power design communities and the systems community to enable larger scale experimental efforts.
Sperm attraction to a follicular factor(s) correlates with human egg fertilizability. (1991)

Spermatozoa normally encounter the egg at the fertilization site (in the Fallopian tube) within 24 hr after ovulation. A considerable fraction of the spermatozoa ejaculated into the female reproductive tract of mammals remains motionless in storage sites until ovulation, when the spermatozoa resume maximal motility and reach the fertilization site within minutes. The nature of the signal for sperm movement is not known, but one possible mechanism is attraction of spermatozoa to a factor(s) released from the egg. We have obtained evidence in favor of such a possibility by showing that human spermatozoa accumulate in follicular fluid in vitro. This accumulation into follicular fluid was higher by 30-260% than that observed with buffer alone and was highly significant (P less than 10(-8)). Not all of the follicular fluids caused sperm accumulation; however, there was a remarkably strong correlation (P less than 0.0001) between the ability of follicular fluid from a particular follicle to cause sperm accumulation and the ability of the egg, obtained from the same follicle, to be fertilized. These findings suggest that attraction may be a key event in the fertilization process and may give an insight into the mechanism underlying early egg-sperm communication.
The RR1 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 is uniquely trans activated by ICP0 during infection (1993)

As has been demonstrated for herpes simplex virus type 2, we show in this report that the herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (RR1) gene is trans activated in transient transfection assays by VP16 and ICP0 but not by ICP4. Deletion analysis demonstrated that responsiveness to induction to VP16 resides in an octamer/TAATGARAT sequence of the RR1 promoter and that the TATA box alone is sufficient to provide induction by ICP0. The induction of the RR1 gene by ICP0 but not by ICP4 suggested that it might be possible to identify the cis-acting element(s) responsive to ICP4 in an ICP4-inducible promoter. To this end, a series of chimeric promoters containing various portions of the regulatory sequences of the RR1 promoter and thymidine kinase (TK) promoter were constructed. The TK promoter is trans activated by both ICP0 and ICP4 in transient transfection assays and by ICP4 in infection. The data show that replacing the RR1 TATA region with the TK TATA region permits ICP4 inducibility even if the rest of the RR1 promoter elements remain intact. To test whether the RR1 gene is induced by ICP0 during infection, four mutant viruses were constructed. (i) TAATGARAT+ has the wild-type RR1 promoter driving chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and the RR2 promoter driving the lacZ gene. The RR2 gene codes for the small subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase and is expressed as a beta gene. (ii) TAATGARAT- has a triple-base change in the octamer/TAATGARAT element which renders it unresponsive to VP16 trans activation, eliminating that portion of the activation of the RR1 gene. (iii) TAATGARAT- delta alpha 0 has a deletion of the alpha 0 gene. (iv) TAATGARAT- delta alpha 4 has a deletion of the alpha 4 gene. Infections were carried out in Vero cells at a multiplicity of infection of 10 per cell; cells were assayed for CAT and beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) activities and for virus yields. The first two infections gave strong CAT and beta-Gal activities and high yields of progeny virus. Infection with the third virus showed no CAT activity but did produce high levels of beta-Gal activity and virus progeny. The fourth infection resulted in strong CAT activity but no beta-Gal activity or progeny virus. The data demonstrated that the RR1 promoter was activated in the absence of ICP4 but not in the absence of ICP0 in these infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
p300 mediates androgen-independent transactivation of the androgen receptor by interleukin 6. (2002)

Prostate cancer (PCa) begins as an androgen-dependent tumor that will eventually progress to an androgen-independent stage after androgen ablation. Although little is understood about this transition to androgen independence, the androgen receptor (AR) appears to be involved. The coactivator p300 has been shown to interact with the AR during its androgen-dependent transactivation. We show that p300 is involved downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway during transactivation of the AR by interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, we demonstrate that sequestration of p300 with E1A inhibits the IL-6-dependent transactivation of the AR, and that increasing amounts of p300 reverse this inhibition. A mutant p300 that lacks histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity did not reverse E1A-mediated inhibition. By using small-interference RNA designed to target p300 transcripts, we demonstrate that, after silencing p300, there was no induction of AR activity by IL-6. These findings reveal a unique role for p300 and its HAT activity, indicating that it is necessary for the ligand-independent transactivation of the AR in androgen-independent PCa cells.
A 40-Gb/s CDR Circuit With Adaptive Decision-Point Control Based on Eye-Opening Monitor Feedback (2008)

40-Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with an integrated high-precision eye-opening monitor (EOM) circuit and an adaptive control scheme for optimizing the data decision point are presented. An adaptive decision-point control (ADPC) scheme using the EOM feedback overcomes the time-varying waveform distortion due to transmission impairment, which causes severe degradation of bit-error-rate (BER) performance in high-speed (>40 Gb/s) data link systems. A 2.5 times 2.0-mm prototype chip is implemented in 0.18 -mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. The power consumption is 1.6 W with a +3.3-V supply voltage. Stable CDR operation with low-jitter performance (189 fs-rms) and the ADPC scheme using EOM feedback are demonstrated at 40 Gb/s. For a 30% duty-distorted 53 -mV signal, the proposed ADPC scheme drastically reduces the BER to le-12 compared to that (2e-7) without adaptive control. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CDR circuit greatly improves BER performance and provides robust CDR operation in high-speed data link systems.
Une enquête rétrospective sur la population du Bengla-Desh (1973)

Houdaille Jacques. Une enquête rétrospective sur la population du Bengla-Desh.. In: Population, 28ᵉ année, n°3, 1973. pp. 688-690.
The Low Energy Beam Transport System of the New GSI High Current Injector (2000)

The UNILAC was improved for high current performance by replacing the Wideroe prestripper accelerator by an RFQ and an IH-type DTL. In addition, one of two ion source terminals was equipped with high current sources of MUCIS- and MEVVA-type. Therefore, a redesign of the LEBT from the ion source to the RFQ entrance was necessary. The new LEBT was installed at the beginning of 1999. The commissioning was carried mainly with a high intense argon beam. The achieved 17 emA Ar+ are 6 emA above the RFQ design intensity. The expected performance of the new LEBT was achieved: full transmission for high current beams, preservation of brilliance along the beam line, isotope separation for all elements, transverse phase space matching to the RFQ linac, and macropulse shaping. In particular, the high degree of space charge compensation was confirmed.
Cardiac Pacing (1996)

Approximately 1 million people in the United States have permanent pacemakers, and 426 new pacemakers were implanted per million members of the population in 19931,2 (and Bernstein AD, Parsonnet V: personal communication). Since the late 1950s, when the first asynchronous single-chamber permanent pacemakers were placed in patients,35 cardiac pacing has become a complex and self-contained subspecialty within cardiology that requires special training.6 However, primary care providers commonly encounter patients in whom permanent pacemakers have been implanted and evaluate patients to determine the need for permanent pacing. For this reason, it is essential that all physicians understand how pacemakers . . .
A Color Vision System for Peach Grading (1989)

ABSTRACT Acolor computer vision system was developed to inspect and grade fresh market peaches. System components included a color solid-state television camera, frame grabber, interface circuitry, and microcomputer. Digital color images of peaches were acquired as the fruit moved on a belt conveyor through an illumination chamber. Image analysis algorithms were developed to compare peach ground color to reference peach maturity colors, and to estimate the amount of blushed surface area. Ground color maturity classification with the computer vision system agreed with manual maturity classification in 54% of the test samples, and was within one color standard in 88% of the samples. Correlation coefficient between machine and manual estimates of blush surface area was 0.92.