gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the water-binding properties of protein + sugar systems (2000)

The water-binding properties of sucrose + beta-lactoglobulin and trehalose + beta-lactoglobulin prepared by freeze-drying, spray-drying and evaporation from solution have been studied using gravimetric methods. The hydration characteristics of the individual sugars are dependent on the method of drying, and different isotherms have been recorded for each of the sample preparations. However, the initial hydration isotherms produced for the sugar + protein samples appear to be very similar for each sample type irrespective of drying method, with the sugar present in the amorphous glassy form in all cases. There is evidence of interaction between the sugar in this form and protein, specifically in the hydration region where single hydrogen-bonded water is expected to be bound. The magnitude of the interaction appears to be of the same order for both sugars. Irrespective of the method of preparation, rehydration of the sugar + protein complexes above a critical value causes a transition resulting in the sugar adopting a crystalline form and phase separation of the sugar and protein. In this crystalline form there is no evidence of interaction between the sugar and protein. For sugar + protein samples prepared by evaporation from solution, a small amount (approximately 3% by weight) of water is trapped in the complex even under extreme conditions of dehydration.
4D seismic helps track drainage, pressure compartmentalization (1995)

3D seismic technologies have progressed to the point that new reservoir production and engineering applications are being discovered yearly. In particular, 4D, or time-lapse, seismic monitoring offers the possibility that computer control of field development may someday be the industry norm. As a beginning, the authors examined a partially depleted oil reservoir along the Eugene Island Block 330/338 boundary. In spring 1994, a 1,200 ft horizontal well was drilled. Production exceeded 1,500 b/d in August 1994, and the well was still flowing over 900 b/d in March 1995. Global Basins Research Network (GBRN) modeled this reservoir to test and calibrate its 4D seismic analysis technologies. These 4D technologies examine the changes in seismic amplitudes between repeated 3D surveys to track the movement of fluids caused by drainage within a given reservoir. The authors have computed a 2D acoustic model of the observed seismic amplitude changes, varying reservoir pressure and oil/gas/water mix to account for the observed changes in reflectivity over time. In addition, a subtle fault boundary separating the two wells in the reservoir into pressure compartments was identified by both the company and GBRN 4D analyses.
Developmental Expression and Subcellular Localization of Mouse MATER, an Oocyte-Specific Protein Essential for Early Development (2003)

We reported previously that Mater is a maternal effect gene that is required for early embryonic development beyond the two-cell stage in mice. Here we show the expressional profile of Mater and its protein during oogenesis and embryogenesis as well as its subcellular localization in oocytes. Mater mRNA was detectable earliest in oocytes of type 2 follicles, whereas MATER protein appeared earliest in oocytes of type 3a primary follicles. Both mRNA and protein accumulated during oocyte growth. In situ hybridization showed that Mater mRNA appeared progressively less abundant in oocytes beyond type 5a primary follicles. By ribonuclease protection assay, Mater mRNA was abundant in germinal vesicle oocytes, but was undetectable in all stages of preimplantation embryos. In contrast, the protein persisted throughout preimplantation development. Immunogold electron microscopic analysis revealed that MATER was located in oocyte mitochondria and nucleoli, and close to nuclear pores. Taken together, our data indicate that Mater gene transcription and protein translation are active during oogenesis, but appear inactive during early embryogenesis. Thus, Mater and its protein are expressed in a manner typical of maternal effect genes. The presence of MATER protein in mitochondria and nucleoli suggests that it may participate in both cytoplasmic and nuclear events during early development.
Object-level Perception Sharing Among Connected Vehicles (2019)

Advances in vehicular communication technologies have made Connected Vehicles (CVs) a near-term reality. Compared to models where vehicles rely solely on their own perception to sense and make decision on the environment, CVs have the potential to allow information sharing among vehicles to improve sensing and decision making collectively. A first concrete step towards this goal is enabling vehicles to share perception-related information, to overcome limitations of their respective sensors (e.g., partial awareness due to occlusions). Sharing processed information vs raw sensor data has the advantage of reducing the amount of data to be transmitted, and the required computation burden at the receiver side.This paper proposes an approach to enable object-level sharing among vehicles. Following state-of-the-art object-level management techniques, we developed a two-layer architecture that handles object tracking and fusion from dynamic remote sources of information. We implemented our approach and showed that it can achieve realistic performance, and robustness both in terms of quality of information and computation.
Entropy-constrained linear vector prediction for motion-compensated video coding (2002)

Theoretical and experimental results for motion-compensated linear prediction of video signals are presented. The rate distortion theory of motion-compensated prediction is extended to linear predictive models. For practical implementations, linear vector predictors are employed. The rate of the motion data is controlled by minimizing a Lagrangian cost function where rate is weighted against distortion using a Lagrange multiplier. An adaptive algorithm for optimally selecting the number of input signals to the linear vector predictor is given.
Long-Chain γ-Pyrones in Epicuticular Wax of Two <i>Vanilla </i>Bean Species:  <i>V. </i><i>fragrans</i> and <i>V. tahitensis</i> (1999)

Analyses of the neutral lipids from Vanilla species before saponification resulted in the identification of a new product family in this genus: long-chain gamma-pyrone compounds with an aliphatic chain containing a cis double bond at the n-9 position. These compounds represent 7-8% of the neutral lipids in mature beans. Using NMR and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, three gamma-pyrones have been identified, including 2-(10-nonadecenyl)-2, 3-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 2-(12-heneicosenyl)-2, 3-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, and 2-(14-tricosenyl)-2, 3-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one. The major constituent was 2-(14-tricosenyl)-2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, which represented 70.3% of the gamma-pyrone fraction. The variability of this compound family has been studied in relation to bean maturity in V. fragrans and V. tahitensis beans. This compound family has not been found either in leaves or in stems or in V. madagascariensis beans.
<title>Fast edge map extraction from MPEG compressed video data for video parsing</title> (1998)

For the last few years, shot boundary detection has been recognized as an important research issue on video retrieval. Also, as a preliminary step for the task, it is essential to extract salient features from videos. Recently, it has become common to perform the two tasks in the compressed domain to alleviate their computational costs. In this paper, we propose a novel shot boundary detection technique, which uses two feature images, DC and edge image, which are extracted directly from MPEG compressed video. While a DC image can be easily obtained, edge image extraction usually requires a considerable computational burden. For fast edge image extraction, we suggest us of only a few AC coefficients of each DCT block, in motion compensated P-frames, B-frames, and I-frames. This drastically reduces the computational burden, compared to edge extraction in the spatial domain. In order to further reduce the computational burden, another edge image extraction technique is also suggested on the basis of AC prediction, using DC images. By using the edge energy diagram, obtained from edge images, and histograms from DC images, shot boundaries, such as abrupt transitions, fades, and dissolves are detected automatically. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques are fast and effective.
Maintenance of Mitochondrial Morphology Is Linked to Maintenance of the Mitochondrial Genome in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2002)

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, certain mutant alleles of YME4, YME6, and MDM10 cause an increased rate of mitochondrial DNA migration to the nucleus, carbon-source-dependent alterations in mitochondrial morphology, and increased rates of mitochondrial DNA loss. While single mutants grow on media requiring mitochondrial respiration, any pairwise combination of these mutations causes a respiratory-deficient phenotype. This double-mutant phenotype allowed cloning of YME6, which is identical to MMM1 and encodes an outer mitochondrial membrane protein essential for maintaining normal mitochondrial morphology. Yeast strains bearing null mutations of MMM1 have altered mitochondrial morphology and a slow growth rate on all carbon sources and quantitatively lack mitochondrial DNA. Extragenic suppressors of MMM1 deletion mutants partially restore mitochondrial morphology to the wild-type state and have a corresponding increase in growth rate and mitochondrial DNA stability. A dominant suppressor also suppresses the phenotypes caused by a point mutation in MMM1, as well as by specific mutations in YME4 and MDM10.
Collagen fibrillogenesis in situ: Fibril segments undergo post‐depositional modifications resulting in linear and lateral growth during matrix development (1995)

Elucidating how collagen fibril growth is regulated is important in determining how tissues are assembled. Fibrils are deposited as segments. The growth of these segments is an important determinant of tissue architecture, stability, and mechanical attributes. Fibril segments were isolated from developing tendons and their structure characterized. The post-depositional changes leading to linear and lateral growth of fibrils also were examined. Segments extracted from 14-day chicken embryo tendons had a mean length of 29 microns. The segments were asymmetric, having a short and a long tapered end. Most of the segments were centrosymmetric with respect to molecular packing. Segments extracted from 12- to 16-day tendons had the same structure, but mean segment length increased incrementally due to the addition of an increasingly large population of longer segments. At 17 days of development there was a precipitous increase in segment length. The morphological data indicate that the increase in length was the result of lateral associations among adjacent segments. Analysis demonstrated that this fibril growth was associated with a significant decrease in fibril associated decorin. Using immunoelectron microscopy, decorin was seen to decrease significantly at 18 days of development. When decorin content was biochemically determined, a decrease also was observed. Decorin mRNA also decreased relative to fibrillar collagen mRNA during the same period. These data support the hypothesis that a decrease in fibril-associated decorin is necessary for fibril growth associated with tissue maturation. Growth through post-depositional fusion allows for appositional and intercalary growth and would be essential for normal development, growth, and repair.
Bile acid synthesis in man: assay of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. (1986)

The present work describes an accurate assay of the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, in human liver. The assay is based on isotope dilution-mass spectrometry, and endogenous microsomal cholesterol is used as the only substrate for the enzyme. Operative liver biopsies were obtained from patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy under highly standardized conditions. In ten gallstone patients, the enzyme activity of the microsomal fraction averaged 9.6 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SEM) pmol X min-1 X mg protein-1 corresponding to a daily synthesis of about 0.5 mmol of bile acids. Three cholestyramine-treated patients displayed a four-fold higher enzyme activity. No evidence was obtained supporting the concept that the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase is modulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation.
Using a hyper-ellipsoid clustering Kohonen for autonomous mobile robot map building, place recognition and motion planning (2002)

We show how a self-organizing Kohonen neural network using hyperellipsoid clustering (HEC) can build maps from actual sonar data. With the HEC algorithm we can use the Mahalanobis distance to learn elongated shapes (typical of sonar data) and obtain a stochastic measurement of data-node association. Hence, the HEC Kohonen can be used to build topographical maps and to recognize its own topographical cues for self-localization. The number of nodes can also be regulated in a self-organizing manner by measuring how well a node models the statistical properties of its associated data. This measurement determines whether a node should be divided (mitosis) or pruned completely. Because fewer nodes are needed for an HEC Kohonen than for a Kohonen that uses only Euclidean distance, the data size is smaller for the HEC Kohonen. Relative to grid-based approaches, the savings in data size is even more profound. By incorporating principal component analysis (PCA), the HEC Kohonen can handle problems with several dimensions (3D, time-series, etc.). The HEC Kohonen is also multifunctional in that it accommodates compact geometric motion planning and self-referencing algorithms. It can also be generalized to solve other pattern recognition problems.
Handbook of Human Factors in Medical Device Design (2010)

Developed to promote the design of safe, effective, and usable medical devices, Handbook of Human Factors in Medical Device Design provides a single convenient source of authoritative information to support evidence-based design and evaluation of medical device user interfaces using rigorous human factors engineering principles. It offers guidance
A novel approach to detection of intrusions in computer networks via adaptive sequential and batch-sequential change-point detection methods (2006)

Large-scale computer network attacks in their final stages can readily be identified by observing very abrupt changes in the network traffic. In the early stage of an attack, however, these changes are hard to detect and difficult to distinguish from usual traffic fluctuations. Rapid response, a minimal false-alarm rate, and the capability to detect a wide spectrum of attacks are the crucial features of intrusion detection systems. In this paper, we develop efficient adaptive sequential and batch-sequential methods for an early detection of attacks that lead to changes in network traffic, such as denial-of-service attacks, worm-based attacks, port-scanning, and man-in-the-middle attacks. These methods employ a statistical analysis of data from multiple layers of the network protocol to detect very subtle traffic changes. The algorithms are based on change-point detection theory and utilize a thresholding of test statistics to achieve a fixed rate of false alarms while allowing us to detect changes in statistical models as soon as possible. There are three attractive features of the proposed approach. First, the developed algorithms are self-learning, which enables them to adapt to various network loads and usage patterns. Secondly, they allow for the detection of attacks with a small average delay for a given false-alarm rate. Thirdly, they are computationally simple and thus can be implemented online. Theoretical frameworks for detection procedures are presented. We also give the results of the experimental study with the use of a network simulator testbed as well as real-life testing for TCP SYN flooding attacks.
Tactile information presentation: Navigating in virtual environments (2000)

Even state--of--the--art virtual environments (VEs) are often restricted to the visual modality only. The use of the tactile modality might not only result in an increased immersion, but may also enhance performance. An example that will be discussed in this paper is the use of the tactile channel to present navigation information. The lack of a wide visual field of view in VEs excludes the use of peripheral vision and may therefore degrade navigation, orientation, motion perception, and object detection. Tactile actuators applied to the torso, however, have a 360 horizontal `field of touch&apos;, and may therefore be suited to compensate for the degraded visual information. Keywords Virtual Environment, tactile, cutaneous, haptic, navigation, orientation.
Initial survival advantage of peritoneal dialysis relative to haemodialysis (2002)

These results show a survival advantage for PD during the first 2 years of dialysis treatment. This may be due to unregistered differences in comorbidity at the start of treatment, or may be causal, possibly due to better preservation of residual renal function. The study lends credence to the "integrative care" approach to uraemia, where patients are started on PD and transferred to HD when PD related mortality increases.
Towards Creating Context-Aware Dynamically-Adaptable Business Processes Using Complex Event Processing (2012)

En plus de l'utilisation des appareils ubiquitaires qui continue à croître, nous avons accès à d'informations dites contextuelles. Ces informations permettent de connaître l'état de notre environnement et nous aident à prendre les décisions de notre vie quotidienne en fonction du contexte dans lequel nous nous positionnons. La nature statique des processus métiers ne leur permet pas d'être modifiés dynamiquement, les rendant ainsi moins utiles dans un nouveau contexte. Si nous voulons changer le comportement d'un processus métier, nous devons le stopper, le modifier et le redéployer entièrement. Pour répondre à ces problèmes, nous proposons une approche qui permet de représenter des processus métiers sensibles au contexte où les informations de contexte sont considérées comme des événements contrôlés en temps réel. Avec Ceviche, nous intégrons les informations obtenues à partir du contexte avec la capacité d'adaptation des processus métiers en cours d'exécution. De plus, l'une des originalités du cadre logiciel Ceviche vient de la définition d'une opération de désadaptation et de sa mise en oeuvre, car défaire l'adaptation peut facilement se passer mal et conduire à des états non désirés. En outre, avec Ceviche, nous apportons une propriété de stabilité au niveau du traitement des événements complexes. En définissant notre propre langage, Adaptive Business Process Language (ABPL), comme un langage pivot, Ceviche facilite l'utilisation de CEP sans les inconvénients de l'adoption anticipée de l'approche. Nous utilisons une technique de type plug-in qui permet aux événements définis en ABPL d'être utilisés dans pratiquement n'importe quel moteur CEP.
Stochastic molecular dynamics in systems with multiple time scales and memory friction (1991)

The generalized Langevin equation (GLE) has been used to model a wide variety of systems in which a subset of the degrees of freedom move on a potential of mean force surface subject to fluctuating forces and dynamic friction. When there is a wide separation in the time scales for motion on the potential surface and for relaxation of the friction kernel, direct integration of the GLE is very costly in CPU time. In this paper we introduce an integrator based on our previous work using numerical analytical propagator algorithm (NAPA) and reference system propagator algorithm (RESPA) that greatly accelerates such simulations. We also discuss sampling methods for the random force. Accuracy of this algorithm is assessed by comparisons with an analytically solvable example. Introducing dynamic friction kernels determined from full molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allows us to compare the accuracy of the GLE simulations with full scale molecular dynamics simulations.
Carboxyl-terminal processing of the D1 protein and photoactivation of water-splitting in photosystem II. Partial purification and characterization of the processing enzyme from Scenedesmus obliquus and Pisum sativum. (1992)

The D1 polypeptide of photosystem II (PSII) is synthesized as a precursor that is processed by cleavage at the carboxyl terminus during assembly of the active PSII complex. A mutant of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, LF-1, inactive in water-splitting, lacks the D1 processing activity but assembles otherwise normal PSII complexes containing the precursor D1 molecule. We have isolated and partially purified a soluble protease from sonicated thylakoids of both wild-type S. obliquus and Pisum sativum which will process the precursor D1 molecule in PSII-enriched membranes from the LF-1 mutant to the mature size. After processing (but not before), photoactivation of these PSII membranes in the presence of manganese restores water-splitting to levels seen after photoactivation of PSII membranes from dark-grown, wild-type, cells. The protease is unable to process D1 in intact thylakoids from the LF-1 mutant but processes D1 if present during sonication of the thylakoids, indicating that processing of the carboxyl-terminal extension of D1 occurs in the lumen of the thylakoid. The processing protease from both S. obliquus and P. sativum is a single subunit enzyme of native molecular mass 33-35 kDa. Processing rate is optimal at pH 6.5. Processing in vitro is evident within 5 min and is markedly inhibited by millimolar concentrations of divalent cations (Cu, Zn greater than Mn greater than Ca, Mg) but not by any known inhibitors of the major classes of proteases. The protease is inactive against the precursors of other thylakoidal proteins and is thus distinct from the thylakoidal amino-terminal processing enzyme involved in the removal of transit peptides from cytoplasmically-synthesised proteins imported into the thylakoid lumen.
Frequency locking of FDM optical sources using widely tunable DBR LDs (1988)

In an optical-frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) transmission system, the transmitter with a laser diode (LD) frequency control system is used to maintain the LD frequency allocation and stability. To date, several frequency-locking systems have been reported1-3; among them, a spectroscopic method1 has the advantage in wide capture range and modulation signalindependent controllability. However, the full channel range was limited by the scanning range of the sweep LD. In addition, the long-term stability of the control system depends on the long-term stability of the sweep LD emission frequency. We report a novel laser frequency locking scheme which extends the full range of the frequency-locked channels and the long-term frequency stability, utilizing a widely frequency-tunable DBR DC-PBH LD4 and a Fabry-Perot resonator.