gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer Disparities in the Era of Personalized Medicine (2015)

Introduction Widespread disparities in cancer morbidity and mortality by race and socioeconomic status are well documented. These disparities exist throughout all areas of the cancer spectrum, spanning screening, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as survivorship and end-of-life care. They are seen in multiple cancer types and affect both genders. The causes of disparities are multifactorial, encompassing access to care, neighborhood/residential factors, and patient and provider factors. Some studies have focused on trust issues, especially for African Americans, who, it is hypothesized, may perceive the health establishment in a more negative light given past mistreatment, and therefore refuse care at a higher rate. While the preponderance of the published work in disparities discusses African Americans, other studies have reported disparities in other racial and ethnic minorities and in patients with lower socioeconomic status. Due to a multitude of factors, patients with the most need have the greatest difficulty accessing high-level tertiary center cancer care. Healthcare systems that provide universal access have been shown to attenuate racial and ethnic disparities in treatment, evidence that further supports the important role of income and access in explaining observed differences by race and class. Access to high-quality care has particular resonance in the age of personalized medicine because it is no longer just a theoretical possibility, but rather a well-established mode of treatment.
Ambulation levels of bilateral lower-extremity amputees. Analysis of one hundred and three cases. (1983)

One hundred and three bilateral lower-extremity amputees were evaluated to determine their eventual ambulation level. Of thirty-eight bilateral above-the-knee amputees, two with traumatic amputation were prosthetically rehabilitated, while none of the thirty-five with dysvascular amputation were so rehabilitated. Twenty-two of the dysvascular above-the-knee amputees were wheelchair ambulators and thirteen were bedridden. Prosthetic rehabilitation has been successful for traumatic bilateral above-the-knee amputees but has never been successful for our dysvascular bilateral above-the-knee amputees. The goal for dysvascular bilateral above-the-knee amputees is wheelchair ambulation. Of twenty-one patients with combinations of above-the-knee and below-the-knee amputations, five were prosthetically rehabilitated, including four dysvascular amputees; ten were wheelchair ambulators; and six were bedridden. Of forty-four patients with bilateral below-the-knee amputation, thirty-five were prosthetically rehabilitated and the remaining nine were wheelchair ambulators. Since the success rate for prosthetic rehabilitation is higher for amputees with combination above-the-knee and below-the-knee amputation than for those with bilateral above-the-knee amputation, and again increases for those with bilateral below-the-knee amputation, the significance of preserving the knee joint, even a single knee, cannot be overemphasized.
Professor Ignaz Goldziher (1922)

Society lost one of the most distinguished of its Honorary Members by the death of Ignaz Goldziher, Professor at the University of Budapest, who was perhaps the greatest authority on Mohammedan theology that the world has ever seen. He was born in 1850 at Szekes-Fehervar (called by the Germans Stuhlweissenburg) in Hungary, and after studying Semitic languages both in his own country and in Germany received his Doctorate at Leipzig in 1870. Three years later he spent some time in the East, and succeeded in realizing an ambition which he had long cherished-the privilege of attending lectures at the Azhar in Cairo. On his return to Europe he soon acquired a world-wide reputation as,an Orientalist, but the fact that he was a Jew rendered him an object of suspicion to .the bigoted rulers of Hungary, and it was not till 1894 that he obtained a Professorship. In spite of the ungenerous treatment which he had received from his fellow-countrymen he was, throughout the whole of his career, a fervent patriot.
The detailed semantics of graphics input devices (1982)

The concept of virtual input devices, enunciated by Wallace, has been the accepted basis for producing device-independent interactive graphics systems. It was used by GSPC for the Core System, and it underlies the draft international standard GKS. During the recently concluded technical review of GKS, the input facilities became a bone of contention. The discussions revealed many inadequacies in the virtual input device concept, and were finally resolved using a refined and extended model of input, which is presented here by some of the participants in the discussions. Examples are included, showing how the GKS facilities derive from the model, and the Core's “STROKE” device is used to show how the model controls future extensions to GKS. The model is also used to describe the other differences between the input facilities of the Core System and GKS.
<i>Burkholderia uboniae</i> Sp. Nov., <scp>l</scp>‐Arabinose‐Assimilating but Different from <i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i> and <i>Burkholderia vietnamiensis</i> (2000)

A polar multitrichous gram-negative motile rod, EY 3383, originally identified as Burkholderia thailandensis, revealed a DNA-DNA reassociation rate of 36.7%, under stringent conditions, with the type strain of B. thailandensis, despite the 16S rDNA homology value between two type strains being as high as 97.9%. The strain was clearly differentiated from the type strain of B. thailandensis by physiological, bio-chemical, and nutritional characteristics, without significant difference in cellular fatty acid and lipid composition. Based on the results of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characterization, Burkholderia uboniae sp. nov. is herein proposed. The type strain is NCTC 13147=EY 3383, isolated on 8 December 1989 from surface soil along the roadside in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone-8(Q8). G+C content of DNA is 69.71%.
Motion adaptive de-interlacing by horizontal motion detection and enhanced ELA processing (2003)

A motion adaptive de-interlacing algorithm and its hardware architecture are presented in this paper. It consists of the directional interpolation ELA with median processing, and 4-field horizontal motion detection. The edges can be sharper while the ELA with median processing is adopted. Enhanced ELA with median processing can prevent the happening of the bursting pixels. Proposed 4-field horizontal motion detection discovers faster motion and makes more accurate motion detection. The proposed method achieves hardware considerations on low complexity, low memory usage, and high speed processing. The experimental results show that the image quality of the proposed algorithm is superior to previous systems, and the cost is also more efficient. It is very suitable to be integrated into any display device such as projection TV and Plasma display.
Tricone bit selection using sonic logs (1984)

Formation hardness and compressive strength are shown to correlate with calculated shear travel time. This has lead to the development of a correlation between economic roller cone bit selection and calculated shear travel time. Upper and lower shear travel time limits are then placed on steel tooth and tungsten carbide bits to minimize the cost per foot of drilling given formations.
Television Goes Digital (1999)

Once upon a time, entertainment meant getting out of the house for an evening at the movies, a trip to the ballpark, or a visit to the concert hall. But eventually entertainment followed us home and settled itself in our living rooms and dens. Community life has never been the same since. And although we may lament the isolation and loss of shared experience that have accompanied this boom in home entertainment, it's hard not to admire the science and technology behind it.
Power-Aware DFT - Do we really need it? (2008)

Traditional design flows have focused on design and implementation of power mesh and on-die decoupling capacitors with an eye towards just the functional activity, average and peak, respectively. Shift speed was arbitrarily limited to reduce shift power, meet tester constraint and the constraint of shift clock being the reference clock for "on-chip PLL based scan" testing. Increased memory content (with BIST & Repair) drove the need for constraining the maximum number of memory controllers that could be run simultaneously. Power mitigation approaches like staggered BIST for memories were adopted to reduce the power supply demands on the tester.
A Bayesian CART algorithm (1998)

A stochastic search form of classification and regression tree (CART) analysis (Breiman et al., 1984) is proposed, motivated by a Bayesian model. An approximation to a probability distribution over the space of possible trees is explored using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (Green, 1995).
Vehicle Energy Management Optimisation through Digital Maps and Connectivity (2015)

There is an opportunity for using digital maps with real-time updates to improve the energy management of vehicles. In this paper the authors present research on how this can be achieved in the particular case of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. With perfect knowledge of the trip ahead, it is possible to find the optimal control of the vehicle. Digital maps however only provide averaged information about the future itinerary, such as location of stops, intersection type and average speed. First, the authors demonstrate how the authors can generate naturalistic speed profiles for a given itinerary. The authors do so by augmenting the information from digital maps by actual recorded speeds from a travel survey and Markov chains. Secondly, the authors detail how these speed profiles can be used for control optimization. The authors used the Pontryagin minimum principle to optimally tune the vehicle energy management and then evaluated the actual fuel savings using the Autonomie simulation tool.
Electrostatic Potential Plotting for Use in Electron Optical Systems (1953)

A noniterative numerical method has been found for solving a partial differential equation when its boundary conditions are not known on the entirety of a closed boundary. Under such conditions, the iterative numerical methods which are generally used, such as the relaxation technique, are not applicable. As an example, this noniterative numerical method has been used to calculate the shapes of a pair of beam forming electrodes for use in an electron gun in which rectilinear flow is desired. The calculated shapes are in almost complete agreement with Pierce's experimental results. Equipotential surfaces calculated by this method have been checked by means of an electrolytic trough which employs a semiautomatic detecting and plotting system.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐δ induces insulin‐induced gene‐1 and suppresses hepatic lipogenesis in obese diabetic mice† (2008)

Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which PPARdelta regulates lipogenesis, suggesting potential therapeutic applications of PPARdelta modulators in obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as related steatotic liver diseases.
Single Molecule Imaging of Fluorescently Labeled Proteins on Metal by Surface Plasmons in Aqueous Solution (1998)

We report the first real time imaging of single fluorophores attached to protein molecules on metal surfaces in aqueous solution using surface plasmon resonance fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence was enhanced by the surface plasmons as theoretically predicted for gold and silver. Active movement of single molecules of the fluorescently labeled motor protein, coupled to the ATPase reaction, was observed on the surfaces of gold and aluminum. This microscopy should prove a powerful tool to directly detect single molecule processes in biomolecule systems organized on a metal surface.
UV Spectral Characteristics and Acidic Dissociation Constants of 280 Alkyl Bases, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides (2010)

Transfection refers to the process by which foreign DNA (transgene) is incorporated into and expressed by a eukaryotic cell1. Stable transfection describes the incorporation of the transgene into the host cellular genome such that it is transferred with other host genetic material to daughter cells.
Four Research Challenges for Cognitive Systems (2015)

In this essay, I propose four novel challenges that I hope will encourage progress toward human-level cognitive systems. Each problem – one in entertainment, one in law, one in politics, and one in education – involves the integration of components for which initial technologies exist, although the component tasks remain difficult in their own right. Each challenge also revolves around a virtual embodied agent that interacts with humans in a simulated environment. In each case, I describe the overall challenge problem, subtasks on which researchers can make independent progress, graded versions of the problem that would enable incremental improvement, and methods for evaluating the resulting cognitive systems. I also consider the reasons that both researchers and the public will find the challenge tasks interesting and worthwhile. 1.
A web-based document harmonization and annotation chain (2005)

We propose a demonstration of a Web-based document harmonization and annotation chain developed within the VIKEF integrated project. The chain integrates a combination of Web Services in order to access, harmonize and semantically annotate remote document collections. Annotations are then mapped onto RDF descriptions that serve as a basis for building semantic-enabled services to support community processes.
Long Term Treatment of Male and Female Precocious Puberty by Periodic Administration of a Long-Acting Preparation of D-Trp<sup>6</sup>-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Microcapsules (1986)

The efficacy and safety of a delayed release formulation of the LHRH agonist D-Trp6-LHRH (LHRH-A; im microcapsules) were tested in 16 girls, 0.9-8.8 yr old, and 10 boys, 2.0-10.5 yr old, with precocious puberty. All children had advanced bone age, breast or testis enlargement, and a pubertal LH response to LHRH. Precocious puberty was idiopathic in 19 subjects and secondary to a brain tumor or other central nervous system abnormality in 7. Nine girls and 6 boys had been previously treated unsuccessfully with medroxyprogesterone and/or cyproterone acetate. The microcapsules were made of 2% LHRH-A dispersed in a biocompatible biodegradable polymeric matrix of DL-lactide-coglycolide. Sixty micrograms of LHRH-A/kg BW were given im on days 1 and 21 and thereafter every 4 weeks for 10-27 months. Plasma LHRH-A levels were measured in 13 children by means of a specific RIA. On days 3, 7, 14, and 21, mean concentrations (+/- SEM) were 295 +/- 44, 218 +/- 31, 215 +/- 45, and 224 +/- 39 pg/ml, respectively. In girls, breast enlargement disappeared, and mean uterus size decreased from 44.4 +/- 2.5 to 38.1 +/- 3.1 mm (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.02) within 6 months. Mean ovary length decreased from 23.0 +/- 1.5 to 16.2 +/- 1.5 mm (P less than 0.01). In boys, mean testis volume decreased from 8.1 +/- 1.2 to 6.7 +/- 1.2 ml (P less than 0.02) within 6 months. In both sexes, growth velocity decreased significantly, and bone maturation was generally reduced. Plasma levels of estradiol or testosterone and FSH levels decreased significantly within 3 weeks. The LH response to LHRH was reduced to normal prepubertal values after 7 weeks. No secondary clinical or biochemical escape occurred. In 1 boy, all biological features of puberty recurred within 1 month after omission of the fifth injection. No side-effects occurred, except for transient vaginal bleeding in girls after the first or second injection. No antibodies to LHRH-A were detected in the patients' sera. This study demonstrates the ability of a delayed release formulation of LHRH-A to achieve stable levels of the drug in plasma for at least 21 days after a single im injection and to suppress pituitary and gonadal secretion and pituitary response to LHRH for as long as 2 yr after therapy. This treatment appears to be more efficient in treating both clinical and biochemical abnormalities than does treatment with inhibitory steroids. Additionally, the method of administration is more practical and ensures better patient compliance.
Decreased Aggregation Phenomena in Polyfluorenes by Introducing Carbazole Copolymer Units (2001)

To decrease aggregation phenomena and improve the luminescence of the blue-light-emitting polymer polyfluorene, carbazole units were copolymerized to introduce disorder in the polymer backbone. A “kink” linkage was introduced into the polyfluorene chain by forming a 9:1 and 7:3 copolymer with the carbazole group at the 3,6 positions. The disordered polyfluorene was made though a Ni-catalyzed reaction, which resulted in high yield and high molecular weight polymers. The structure and physical properties were confirmed by NMR, SEC, UV absorption, photoluminescence, elemental analysis, and quantum yield measurements. The copolymers exhibited better spectral properties both in solution and in film compared to previously synthesized polyfluorene homopolymers. Annealing studies showed both improved thermal and UV stability of the copolymer over previously reported homopolymers. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed a slightly lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) than the homopolymer.
Development of a diagnostic test for anaerobic periodontal infections based on plaque hydrolysis of benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (1990)

Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus are among the anaerobic species frequently associated with adult forms of periodontal disease. These organisms hydrolyze the synthetic peptide benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA), and such enzyme activity can be detected in the plaque and related to clinical disease and the presence of spirochetes. In this investigation, the liquid BANA assay was compared with a commercially developed BANA assay which employed a paper format and which could be read after a 15-min incubation. In the paper format, strips of a Whatman filter paper were impregnated with BANA and strips of nitrocellulose paper were impregnated with fast black K salt. Both strips were applied lengthwise across a paper card (3 by 5 in. [7.6 by 12.7 cm]). The BANA strip at the bottom was inoculated with the test sample (pure culture, plaque), folded back so that it contacted the fast black strip, and then incubated for 15 min at 55 degrees C. T. denticola, P. gingivalis, and B. forsythus always gave a positive reaction, whereas 51 other plaque species were always negative. Six Bacteroides and Capnocytophaga species on occasion had weak reactions. The proportional agreement between BANA positiveness and clinical disease was similar for both the liquid and the paper assays. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy relative to the clinical standard of the liquid assay were 74, 76, and 77%, respectively, while those of the paper assay were 81, 78, and 80%, respectively. The paper assay was significantly associated with the presence of either T. denticola or P. gingivalis or both in the plaque samples, with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 53%, and an accuracy of 79%. These findings indicate that a rapid paper assay for BANA hydrolysis gives data comparable to those obtained with the liquid BANA assay.
Two in-vivo protocols for testing virucidal efficacy of handwashing and hand disinfection. (1995)

Whole-hands and fingerpads of seven volunteers were contaminated with poliovirus type 1 Sabin strain in order to evaluate virucidal efficacy of different forms of handwashing and handrub with alcohols and alcohol-based disinfectants. In the whole-hand protocol, handwashing with unmedicated soap for 5 min and handrubbing with 80% ethanol yielded a log reduction factor (RF) of > 2, whereas the log RF by 96.8% ethanol exceeded 3.2. With the fingerpad model ethanol produced a greater log RF than iso- or n-propanol. Comparing five commercial hand disinfectants and a chlorine solution (1.0% chloramine T-solution) for handrub, Desderman and Promanum, both composed of ethanol, yielded log RFs of 2.47 and 2.26 respectively after an application time of 60 s, similar to 1.0% chloramine T-solution (log RF of 2.28). Autosept, Mucasept, and Sterillium, based on n-propanol and/or isopropanol, were found to be significantly less effective (log RFs of 1.16, 1.06 and 1.52 respectively). A comparison of a modified whole-hand and the fingerpad protocol with Promanum showed similar results with the two systems suggesting both models are suitable for testing the in-vivo efficacy of handwashing agents and hand disinfectants which are used without any water.
Incorporation of cis- and trans-4-Fluoro-L-prolines into Proteins and Hydroxylation of the trans Isomer During Collagen Biosynthesis<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncorporation of cis- and trans-4-Fluoro-L-prolines into Proteins and Hydroxylation of the trans Isomer During Collagen Biosynthesis*A. Arthur Gottlieb, Yoshimasa Fujita, Sidney Udenfriend, and Bernhard WitkopCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 11, 2507–2513Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00887a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (611 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Economic and Technical Tradeoffs Between Open and Closed Cycle Vapor Compression Evaporators (1986)

Evaporators are used extensively in the chemical,\npulp and paper, food and beverage, and related\nindustries. Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR)\nevaporators are a type using an open heat pump\ncycle with steam as the working fluid. The technology\nis widely used and time-proven. Closed\ncycle vapor compression is an emerging technology.\nA secondary working fluid such as a halocarbon is\nused in a closed heat pump cycle to transfer heat\nfrom the steam condenser to the hottest surface.\nAdvantages of closed cycle evaporation include\nflexibility in working fluid selection, potential\nsavings in compressor first cost, and isolation of\nthe compressor from potentially corrosive or troublesome\ngases and liquid droplets in the suction\nvapor. A major disadvantage of closed cycle evaporation\nis that the driving force developed by the\ncompressor (temperature difference) must be shared\nbetween two heat transfer surfaces, vs. one in the\nopen cycle design.\nThis paper explores the advantages and disadvantages\nof open and closed cycle evaporators. Factors\nconsidered include working fluid physical\nproperties and thermodynamics, compressor operating\nlimits and cost, and surface area sizing and cost.