gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polar Localization of Replicon Origins in the Multipartite Genomes of<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>and<i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> (2003)

The origins of replication of many different bacteria have been shown to reside at specific subcellular locations, but the mechanisms underlying their positioning and segregation are still being elucidated. In particular, little is known about the replication of multipartite genomes in bacteria. We determined the cellular positions of the origins of the replicons in the alpha proteobacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Sinorhizobium meliloti and found that they are located at the poles of the cells. Our work demonstrates the conserved extreme polar localization of circular chromosome origins in these alpha proteobacteria and is also the first to specify the cellular location of origin regions from the repABC family. The cellular location of a derivative of the RK2 plasmid is distinct from that of the alpha proteobacterium genomic replicon origins but is conserved across bacteria. Colocalization experiments with the genomic replicons of A. tumefaciens revealed that the repABC replicons, although preferentially positioned at the cell pole, colocalize only rarely. For the repABC replicons in this organism, occupying discrete spatial locations may contribute to their coexistence and stable inheritance.
A Word Sense Disambiguation System Using Modified Naive Bayesian Algorithms for Indonesian Language (2005)

It is common that a word in any natural language has often more than one meaning/sense. A word sense disambiguation (WSD) system is designed to determine which one of the senses of a polysemous word is invoked in a particular context around the word. We propose methods to disambiguate senses of polysemous words by using Naive Bayesian classifier method. A few sets of experiment data were taken from Kompas daily newspaper homepage and used for the system construction. We modified the original algorithm of Naive Bayesian method to apply it to the Indonesian language analysis. The experiments showed that our system achieved good accuracies (73-99%).
Adaptive Block Coding Order for Intra Prediction in HEVC (2015)

In this paper, an adaptive block coding order for intra prediction is proposed. Modern video coding standards, including the most recent High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), utilize fixed scan orders in processing blocks during intra coding. However, the fixed scan orders typically result in residual blocks with noticeable edge patterns. That means the fixed scan orders cannot fully exploit the content-adaptive spatial correlations between adjacent blocks, thus the bitrate after compression tends to be large. To reduce the bitrate induced by inaccurate intra prediction, the proposed approach adaptively chooses both the block and subblock coding orders by minimizing the coding cost. Specifically, determining the block coding order is formulated as a traveling salesman problem that is solved using dynamic programming. Besides the block coding order, we also design the subblock coding order in each block with an adaptive manner. The experimental results demonstrate a Bjøntegaard-Delta-rate reduction of up to 4.4% compared with HEVC anchor.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of high-mobility AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures on GaN templates and native GaN substrates (2015)

Severe surface decomposition of semi-insulating (SI) GaN templates occurred in high-temperature H2 atmosphere prior to epitaxial growth in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system. A two-step heating process with a surface stabilization technique was developed to preserve the GaN template surface. Utilizing the optimized heating process, a high two-dimensional electron gas mobility ∼2000 cm2/V·s was obtained in a thin AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure with an only 100-nm-thick GaN spacer layer homoepitaxially grown on the GaN template. This technique was also demonstrated viable for native GaN substrates to stabilize the surface facilitating two-dimensional growth of GaN layers. Very high residual silicon and oxygen concentrations were found up to ∼1 × 1020 cm−3 at the interface between the GaN epilayer and the native GaN substrate. Capacitance-voltage measurements confirmed that the residual carbon doping controlled by growth conditions of the GaN epilayer can be used to successfully compensate the donor-like impurities. State-of-the-art structural properties of a high-mobility AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure was then realized on a 1 × 1 cm2 SI native GaN substrate; the full width at half maximum of the X-ray rocking curves of the GaN (002) and (102) peaks are only 21 and 14 arc sec, respectively. The surface morphology of the heterostructure shows uniform parallel bilayer steps, and no morphological defects were noticeable over the entire epi-wafer.
Illustrations (1975)

The object of this chapter is to analyse either published index numbers or data from which index numbers may be computed, and so to illustrate the two-situation theory of Chapter 2. At the same time the ground is prepared for the later developments of Chapters 4 and 5 on the theory and practice of runs of index numbers. The important problems in practice have to do with runs and the material assembled here can be called upon later to illustrate them.KeywordsGross Domestic ProductPrice IndexPrice RelativeIndex NumberRetail PrexThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of restless legs syndrome in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (2005)

To explore the clinical significance of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the causal relationship between these two disorders, we made a comparison of both the prevalence of RLS and the severity of sleep disturbance manifested on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between patients with PD (n=165) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n=131). The prevalence of RLS diagnosed by clinical interview was significantly higher in PD patients than in control subjects (12% vs. 2.3%). PSQI score was significantly higher in PD patients with RLS than in both patients without RLS and controls. However, PSQI score was not statistically different between the latter two groups. Among the PD patients with RLS, only 2 had a positive family history of RLS. Only 3 PD patients had requested treatment for the disorder. Our results emphasize the etiological link between RLS and PD in a Japanese cohort, and the existence of RLS is thought to be one of the most important factors aggravating sleep disturbance in PD, despite the low RLS severity.
GRADING OF INFRARED CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER TOMOGRAPHY AND VIDEO DISPLAYS OF DIGITIZED COLOR SLIDES IN EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2002)

Infrared confocal imaging was superior to video displays of digitized color slides for visualization of both pigment epithelial detachment and choroidal neovascularization. This technique could have an impact on epidemiologic studies.
Action recognition using exemplar-based embedding (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of representing human actions using visual cues for the purpose of learning and recognition. Traditional approaches model actions as space-time representations which explicitly or implicitly encode the dynamics of an action through temporal dependencies. In contrast, we propose a new compact and efficient representation which does not account for such dependencies. Instead, motion sequences are represented with respect to a set of discriminative static key-pose exemplars and without modeling any temporal ordering. The interest is a time-invariant representation that drastically simplifies learning and recognition by removing time related information such as speed or length of an action. The proposed representation is equivalent to embedding actions into a space defined by distances to key-pose exemplars. We show how to build such embedding spaces of low dimension by identifying a vocabulary of highly discriminative exemplars using a forward selection. To test our representation, we have used a publicly available dataset which demonstrates that our method can precisely recognize actions, even with cluttered and non-segmented sequences.
Emoticon recommendation in microblog using affective trajectory model (2014)

An emoticon is a metacommunicative pictorial representation which is widely used in text-based online communication such as Plurk and Facebook to convey the user's emotions. However, these social networks still lack a mechanism to provide appropriate emoticon recommendation according to the input posts. Therefore, this paper develops an approach to emoticon recommendation in microblog. Generally, a blog post is composed of at least one emotional topic. Therefore, topic tracking is the key information for emoticon recommendation. In this paper, a fixed-size window is first employed to segment a post into a number of segments. Then, these segments are projected to emoticon profiles in the emoticon space through latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). An affective trajectory model characterizing the emoticon profiles of the segment sequence is proposed to construct a recommendation model based on k-medoids algorithm. Finally, emoticon recommendation can be realized by similarity measure based on Hausdorff distance. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, the experimental data were crawled from Plurk for training and evaluation. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Field Testing of a Wet FGD Additive for Enhanced Mercury Control - Pilot-Scale Test Results (2006)

This Topical Report summarizes progress on Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-04NT42309, ''Field Testing of a Wet FGD Additive.'' The objective of the project is to demonstrate the use of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) additive, Degussa Corporation's TMT-15, to prevent the reemissions of elemental mercury (Hg{sup 0}) in flue gas exiting wet FGD systems on coal-fired boilers. Furthermore, the project intends to demonstrate that the additive can be used to precipitate most of the mercury (Hg) removed in the wet FGD system as a fine TMT salt that can be separated from the FGD liquor and bulk solid byproducts for separate disposal. The project will conduct pilot and full-scale tests of the TMT-15 additive in wet FGD absorbers. The tests are intended to determine required additive dosage requirements to prevent Hg{sup 0} reemissions and to separate mercury from the normal FGD byproducts for three coal types: Texas lignite/Power River Basin (PRB) coal blend, high-sulfur Eastern bituminous coal, and low-sulfur Eastern bituminous coal. The project team consists of URS Group, Inc., EPRI, TXU Generation Company LP, Southern Company, and Degussa Corporation. TXU Generation has provided the Texas lignite/PRB co-fired test site for pilot FGD tests, Monticello Steam Electric Station Unit 3. Southern Company is providing the low-sulfur Eastern bituminous coal host site for wet scrubbing tests, as well as the pilot and full-scale jet bubbling reactor (JBR) FGD systems to be tested. A third utility, to be named later, will provide the high-sulfur Eastern bituminous coal full-scale FGD test site. Degussa Corporation is providing the TMT-15 additive and technical support to the test program. The project is being conducted in six tasks. Of the six project tasks, Task 1 involves project planning and Task 6 involves management and reporting. The other four tasks involve field testing on FGD systems, either at pilot or full scale. The four tasks include: Task 2 - Pilot Additive Testing in Texas Lignite Flue Gas; Task 3 - Full-scale FGD Additive Testing in High Sulfur Eastern Bituminous Flue Gas; Task 4 - Pilot Wet Scrubber Additive Tests at Yates; and Task 5 - Full-scale Additive Tests at Plant Yates. This topical report presents the results from the Task 2 and Task 4 pilot-scale additive tests. The Task 3 and Task 5 full-scale additive tests will be conducted later in calendar year 2006.
Relevance Feedback in Region-Based Image Retrieval (2004)

Relevance feedback and region-based representations are two effective ways to improve the accuracy of content-based image retrieval systems. Although these two techniques have been successfully investigated and developed in the last few years, little attention has been paid to combining them together. We argue that integrating these two approaches and allowing them to benefit from each other will yield better performance than using either of them alone. To do that, on the one hand, two relevance feedback algorithms are proposed based on region representations. One is inspired from the query point movement method. By assembling all of the segmented regions of positive examples together and reweighting the regions to emphasize the latest ones, a pseudo image is formed as the new query. An incremental clustering technique is also considered to improve the retrieval efficiency. The other is the introduction of existing support vector machine-based algorithms. A new kernel is proposed so as to enable the algorithms to be applicable to region-based representations. On the other hand, a rational region weighting scheme based on users' feedback information is proposed. The region weights that somewhat coincide with human perception not only can be used in a query session, but can also be memorized and accumulated for future queries. Experimental results on a database of 10 000 general-purpose images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
An execution model for serverless functions at the edge (2019)

Serverless computing platforms allow developers to host single-purpose applications that automatically scale with demand. In contrast to traditional long-running applications on dedicated, virtualized, or container-based platforms, serverless applications are intended to be instantiated when called, execute a single function, and shut down when finished. State-of-the-art serverless platforms achieve these goals by creating a new container instance to host a function when it is called and destroying the container when it completes. This design allows for cost and resource savings when hosting simple applications, such as those supporting IoT devices at the edge of the network. However, the use of containers introduces some overhead which may be unsuitable for applications requiring low-latency response or hardware platforms with limited resources, such as those served by edge computing environments. In this paper, we present a nomenclature for characterizing server-less function access patterns which allows us to derive the basic requirements of a serverless computing runtime. We then propose the use of WebAssembly as an alternative method for running serverless applications while meeting these requirements. Finally, we demonstrate how a WebAssembly-based serverless platform provides many of the same isolation and performance guarantees of container-based platforms while reducing average application start times and the resources needed to host them.
The LPD-II: A Modified Locked Percutaneous Device that Permits Safe Subcutaneous Access (2001)

A locked percutaneous device, the LPD-I (previously described as LPD), is effective in overcoming the problems of skin downgrowth and local tissue infection; however, it can only be implanted at a site providing adequate subcutaneous adipose tissue to attach to the subcutaneous connector of the LPD-I. A modified device, the LPD-II, has been developed that has a thin dome and skin connector but does not have a subcutaneous tissue connector. In addition, a newly designed structure called the skin stop collar (SSC) has been developed. It is positioned just beneath the mesh collar described in the LPD-I to further improve the function of the LPD-II. Six rabbits were implanted with one LPD-II without the SSC (group 1) and five rabbits were implanted with one LPD-II with the SSC (group 2). For more than 6 months, two of the implants in group 1 rabbits were successful. Four of the implants in group 2 rabbits were successful for more than 1 year. One of the animals in group 2 died of causes unrelated to the device. We conclude the following: the mesh collar skin connector can function well as a locked percutaneous device without the subcutaneous tissue connector; the LPD-II can be implanted in any site and does not require the presence of subcutaneous adipose tissue; and the SSC may increase the success rate of LPD-II implantation provided the mesh collar is made of soft material.
Brood Pheromone Regulates Foraging Activity of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (2004)

Brood pheromone modulated the foraging behavior of commercial honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies pollinating a 10-ha market garden of cucumber, Cucurbita pepo L., and zucchini, Cucumis saticus L., in Texas in late autumn. Six colonies were randomly selected to receive 2000 larval equivalents of brood pheromone and six received a blank control. The ratio of pollen to nonpollen foragers entering colonies was significantly greater in pheromone-treated colonies 1 h after treatment. Pheromone-treated foragers returned with pollen load weights that were significantly heavier than controls. Pollen returned by pheromone-treated foragers was 43% more likely to originate from the target crop. Number of pollen grains washed from the bodies of nonpollen foragers from pheromone-treated colonies was significantly greater than controls and the pollen was 54% more likely to originate from the target crop. Increasing the foraging stimulus environment with brood pheromone increased colony-level foraging and individual forager efforts. Brood pheromone is a promising technology for increasing the pollination activity and efficiency of commercial honey bee colonies.
Error Control Techniques Using Binary Symbol Burst Codes (1968)

Much has been written on the theoretical description of error correcting codes but, due to a lack of actual channel error patterns, little has been said of practical performance. In this paper the performance of three types of error control is evaluated for the case of independent random errors and for an actual channel exhibiting dense bursts. The selected codes are burst codes with high probabilities of error detection and correction.
Investigation of planar antennas for submillimeter receivers (1989)

A frequency-scaled model of a tapered slot antenna has been investigated. The antenna consists of a dielectric substrate which serves as a carrier for a tapered slotline. The width and the shape of the slotline and the dimensions of the substrate (including the value of the permittivity) have been varied to investigate the radiation patterns. The result is a planar antenna with a symmetrical beam in the E and H planes and a beam efficiency of almost 50%. The substrate thickness is the most important limiting factor for scaling the model to submillimeter frequencies. Taking away parts of the dielectric substrate in the front area of the antenna allows a relatively large substrate thickness. The variations of the half-power beam width versus slot parameters, versus the dielectric thickness of the substrate, and versus the length and the width of the substate are presented. In addition the beam efficiency has been measured for various frequencies, and the radiation pattern has been calculated for comparison.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two New Male Contraceptives Exert Their Effects by Depleting Germ Cells Prematurely from the Testis1 (2001)

The three currently available male contraceptive approaches are 1) the barrier method such as the condom, 2) hormonal methods by disrupting the pituitary-testicular axis so as to impair spermatogenesis, and 3) immunological methods by preparing vaccines against male-specific antigens. We hereby describe an alternative approach in which attachments of developing germ cells onto the seminiferous epithelium are disrupted, thereby inducing their premature release into the tubular lumen. This in turn leads to infertility. A panel of analogues based on the core structure of 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-indazole-3-carboxylic acid was synthesized. These compounds were subjected to an in vivo screening assay assessing their effects in inducing the expression of testin, a testicular marker whose expression correlates with the integrity of Sertoli-germ cell junctions. An induction of testin expression in the testis signifies a disruption of Sertoli-germ cell junctions that is followed by depletion of germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium. Two compounds, namely 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-indazole-3-carbohydrazide (AF-2364) and 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-indazole-3-acrylic acid (AF-2785), were identified that caused detachment of germ cells, in particular round and elongated spermatids, from the epithelium inducing their premature release into the tubular lumen as confirmed by histological analysis. Adult rats receiving several oral doses of either one of these compounds became infertile within 3-7 wk after the epididymal sperm reserve was exhausted. Depending on the dosing of the administered compound, rats became infertile for 4-14 wk before their fertility gradually bounced back, illustrating the reversibility and efficacy of these new compounds. Also, these compounds did not appear to impair the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis because the serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone of the treated animals did not change significantly when compared to control rats. In addition, results of serum microchemistry illustrate that liver and kidney function was not affected in animals treated with both compounds.
Interactions in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Pyrene/Porphyrin Nanohybrids (2006)

This work provides an in-depth look at a range of physicochemical aspects of (i) single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT), (ii) pyrene derivatives (pyrene(+)), (iii) porphyrin derivatives (ZnP(8)()(-)() and H(2)()P(8)()(-)()), (iv) poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), and (v) their combinations. Implicit in their supramolecular combinations is the hierarchical integration of SWNT (as electron acceptors), together with ZnP(8)()(-)() or H(2)()P(8)()(-)() (as electron donors), in an aqueous environment mediated through pyrene(+). This supramolecular approach yields novel electron donor-acceptor nanohybrids (SWNT/pyrene(+)/ZnP(8)()(-)() or SWNT/pyrene(+)/H(2)()P(8)()(-)()). In particular, we report on electrochemical and photophysical investigations that as a whole suggest sizeable and appreciable interactions between the individual components. The key step to form SWNT/pyrene(+)()/ZnP(8)()(-)() or SWNT/pyrene(+)()/H(2)()P(8)()(-)() hybrids is pi-pi interactions between SWNT and pyrene(+), for which we have developed for the first time a sensitive marker. The marker is the monomeric pyrene fluorescence, which although quenched is (i) only present in SWNT/pyrene(+) and (ii) completely lacking in just pyrene(+). Electrostatic interactions help to immobilize ZnP(8)()(-)() or H(2)()P(8)()(-)() onto SWNT/pyrene(+) to yield the final electron donor-acceptor nanohybrids. A series of photochemical experiments confirm that long-lived radical ion pairs are formed as a product of a rapid excited-state deactivation of ZnP(8)()(-)() or H(2)()P(8)()(-)(). This formation is fully rationalized on the basis of the properties of the individual moieties. Additional modeling shows that the data are likely to be relevant to the SWNTs present in the sample, which possess wider diameters.