gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelin B Receptor-Mediated Protection Against Anoxia–Reoxygenation Injury in Perfused Rat Liver: Nitric Oxide-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2001)

This study aimed to investigate the roles of endothelin (ET) receptors in biliary dysfunction and cell injury in postischemic livers. Rat livers perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution were exposed to reoxygenation following 20-minute hypoxia. The anoxic perfusion decreased bile output and reduced cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents, an index of nitric oxide (NO) generation. Upon reoxygenation, the decreased bile was not fully recovered, and the resistance increased biphasically: an early transient spike accompanied by an elevated release of ET-1 and a rise accompanied by a cGMP elevation in the later period. The initial vasoconstriction appeared to be mediated by both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, as judged by inhibitory effects of their antagonists, BQ-485 and BQ-788, respectively, while the late elevation of the resistance was not attenuated by these reagents, but rather enhanced by the ET(B) blockade. The BQ-788 treatment attenuated the reoxygenation-induced cGMP elevation and induced bile acid-dependent choleresis. However, such a change upon the ET(B) blockade coincided with dissociation of a recovery of phospholipids and aggravation of cell injury. The BQ-788-elicited deterioration of reoxygenation-elicited changes was attenuated by NO supplement with S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine. N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor, mimicked biliary changes elicited by the ET(B) blockade but without causing notable cell injury. Under these circumstances, coadministration of clotrimazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases, elicited the injury comparable with that observed under the ET(B) blockade. These results suggest that ET(B)-mediated signaling limits excessive bile acid excretion and plays a protective role against reoxygenation injury through mechanisms involving both NO-dependent and -independent processes.
Ethanol Production by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Immobilized in Hollow-Fiber Membrane Bioreactors (1983)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4126 was grown within the macroporous matrix of asymmetric-walled polysulfone hollow-fiber membranes and on the exterior surfaces of isotropic-walled polypropylene hollow-fiber membranes. Nutrients were supplied and products were removed by single-pass perfusion of the fiber lumens. Growth of yeast cells within the macrovoids of the asymmetric-walled membranes attained densities of greater than 10 cells per ml and in some regions accounted for nearly 100% of the available macrovoid volume, forming a tissue-like mass. A radial distribution of cell packing existed across the fiber wall, indicating an inadequate glucose supply to cells located beyond 100 mum from the lumen surface. By comparison, yeast cell growth on the exterior surfaces of the isotropic-walled membranes resulted in an average density of 3.5 x 10 viable cells per ml. Ethanol production by reactors containing isotropic polypropylene fibers reached a maximum value of 26 g/liter-h based on the total reactor volume. Reactor performance depended on the fiber packing density and on the glucose medium flow rate and was limited by low nutrient and product transport rates. The inhibition of ethanol production and the reduction in fermentation efficiency arose primarily from the accumulation of CO(2) gas within the sealed reactor shell space.
Good worst-case algorithms for inserting and deleting records in dense sequential files (1986)

Consider a file which arranges records in sequential order, and stores them with possible empty spaces in M consecutive pages of memory. We develop an insertion-deletion algorithm which runs in a worst-case time approximately proportional to log 2 M divided by the page-size when the set of manipulated records has cardinality O(M).
ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS OF CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION IN PSEUDOMONADS (1984)

A LTERNA TIVE ROUTES O F CONV ERSION O F GLUCOS E TO 6PHOS PHO GLUCONATE ... . . . . . ..... .... . . ... .. . ........ . ....... 361 Mutants Blocked in the Direct Oxidative Route 362 Influence of 020 Glucose Concentration, and Temperature on Operation of the Direct Oxidative Pathway . . . . . ......... . . . . : .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . 363 Cellular Location and Other Characteristics of Glucose and Gluconate Dehydrogenases .. ......... .. ....... . . . . . . . ....... .. . . . .. ......... . . . . ...... . .... 364 Mutants Blocked in the Phosphorylative Route 365 Different Patterns of Induction of Direct Oxidative and Phosphorylative Pathway Enzymes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 CEN TRA L RO LE OF TH E EN TNER-DO UD ORO FF PA THWA y . .. .. ....... ... 367 Mutants Deficient in 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydratase and KDPG Aldolase ..... .... 367 Recycling of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate via the Entner-DoudoroJf Pathway........ 369 SI GN IFI CAN CE O F TH E O XIDATIV E H EXOS EMONOPHOS PHATE (HM P) PA TH WA y ... . ....... . . . ....... . .. . ........ . . . ..... .... 369
Vertragsmuster (1958)

Die Firma überträgt dem Vertreter und dieser übernimmt als selbständiger Handelsvertreter ihre Alleinvertretung im Vertragsgebiet (§ 2). Der Vertreter hat hierbei die Interessen der Firma in jeder Hinsicht wahrzunehmen und alles in seiner Kraft Stehende zur Förderung des Absatzes im Vertragsgebiet zu tun.
Coupling alkaline pre-extraction with alkaline-oxidative post-treatment of corn stover to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentability (2014)

This work demonstrates that this two-stage pretreatment process is well suited for converting lignocellulose to fermentable sugars and biofuels, such as ethanol. This approach achieved high enzymatic sugars yields from pretreated corn stover using substantially lower oxidant loadings than have been reported previously in the literature. This pretreatment approach allows for many possible process configurations involving novel alkali recovery approaches and novel uses of alkaline pre-extraction liquors. Further work is required to identify the most economical configuration, including process designs using techno-economic analysis and investigating processing strategies that economize water use.
<scp>l</scp>-Dopa uptake and dopamine production in proximal tubular cells are regulated by β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptors (2000)

This study assessed the role of adrenergic receptors on the regulation of the uptake of L-dopa and the production of dopamine by renal tubular cells. Scatchard analysis showed two L-dopa uptake sites with different affinities (K(m) 0.316 vs 1.53 microM). L-Dopa uptake was decreased by the nonselective adrenergic agonists epinephrine or norepinephrine (40%), by the beta-selective agonist isoproterenol or the beta(2)-selective agonist terbutaline (60%), but not by alpha-selective agonists (all 1 microM). The effect of norepinephrine, isoproterenol, or terbutaline was unaffected by addition of the beta(1)-antagonist atenolol, abolished by ICI-118, 551, a beta(2)-antagonist (both 0.1 microM), and mimicked by the addition of dibutyryl-cAMP (1 microM). Preincubation with terbutaline decreased the number of high-affinity uptake sites (V(max) = 1.10 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 pmol. mg protein(-1). min(-1)) without changing their affinity. Norepinephrine or terbutaline decreased dopamine production by isolated cells, and this effect was abolished by ICI-118,551 (0.1 microM). In vivo administration of ICI-118,551 reduced the urinary excretion of L-dopa and increased the excretion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid without significant changes in plasma L-dopa concentrations. These results demonstrate that stimulation of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors decreases the number of high-affinity L-dopa uptake sites in isolated tubular cells resulting in a reduction of the uptake of L-dopa and the production of dopamine and provide evidence for the presence of this mechanism in the intact animal.
A cluster of male pseudohermaphrodites with 5α‐reductase deficiency in Papua New Guinea (1991)

We report a cluster of male pseudohermaphrodites from the Simbari Anga linguistic group in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. These subjects are born with a rudimentary clitoral-like penis and pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias. At puberty, the penis enlarges with concurrent growth of pubic and axillary hair and significant muscular development. There is significant facial hair, but it is less than that of their normal male siblings or other male relatives. Plasma collected from four adult subjects revealed elevated plasma testosterone levels, low to low normal dihydrotestosterone levels, and elevated testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratios. All subjects had high urinary aetiocholanolone/androsterone ratios, and C19 and C21 5 beta/5 alpha metabolite ratios. Decreased 5 alpha-reductase activity was demonstrated in fibroblasts cultured from genital skin. The data indicate a phenotypic and biochemical profile similar to patients studied in the Dominican Republic, except for a greater abundance of facial and body hair. The phenotypic variability, as pertains to facial and body hair, may be related to differences in familial expression, as well as the degree of enzyme deficiency. Infants, thought to be females at birth, were reared as girls until puberty in a society practising one of the strictest gender segregations known. At puberty, these 'girls' were discovered to be boys, and a switch of gender roles was instituted. Recently, however, some Muniri, Dunkwi and northern Simbari hamlets recognize these individuals as male in infancy and rear them as boys, calling them 'kwalatmala' to distinguish them from normal males, accepting them as an intersex destined to occupy male adult roles.
An Overview of Smart Contract and Use Cases in Blockchain Technology (2018)

In the last decade blockchain technology become mainstream research topic because of its decentralized, peer to peer transaction, distributed consensus, and anonymity properties. The blockchain technology overshadows regulatory problem and technical challenges. A smart contract is a set of programs which are self-verifying, self-executing and tamper resistant. Smart contract with the integration of blockchain technology capable of doing a task in real time with low cost and provide a greater degree of security. This paper firstly, explains the various components and working principle of smart contract. Secondly, identify and analyse the various use cases of smart contract along with the advantage of using smart contract in blockchain application. Lastly, the paper concludes with challenges lie in implementing smart contract the future real-life scenario.
Calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass <i>in vitro</i> (1991)

The calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass was studied in vitro. Glass rods and grains were immersed in different aqueous solutions and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Surface morphological changes and weight loss of corroded grains were monitored. In-depth compositional profiles were determined for rods immersed in the different solutions. The solutions used were tris-buffer (tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane + HCl), tris-buffer prepared using citric acid (tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane + C6H8O7.H2O), and a simulated body fluid, SBF, containing inorganic ions close in concentration to those in human blood plasma. It was found that the calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass in vitro proceeds in two stages. When immersing the glass in tris or in SBF a Ca,P-rich surface layer forms. This accumulation takes place within the silica structure. Later, apatite crystals forming spherulites appear on the surface. The Ca/P-ratio of initially formed calcium phosphate was found to be about unity. It is proposed that this is due to bonding of phosphate to a silica gel. The surface is stabilized, i.e., leaching is retarded, by the rapid Ca,P-accumulation within the silica structure before apatite crystals are observed on the surface. It is proposed that the initially formed calcium phosphate is initiated within the silica gel. The crystallizing surface provides nucleation sites for extensive apatite formation on the glass surface. In the presence of citrate no Ca,P-accumulation occur at the glass surface, but soluble Ca-citrate complexes form. By comparing the weight loss during corrosion in tris with that in the calcium and phosphate containing SBF, it is possible to establish whether the glass can induce apatite formation at its surface or not.
Safety Constraints in an Artificial Pancreatic β Cell: An Implementation of Model Predictive Control with Insulin on Board (2009)

Achieving both efficacy and safety in an artificial pancreatic beta cell calls for an IOB safety constraint that is able to override aggressive control moves (large insulin doses), thereby minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Dynamics of a Form-Fitting Protein in a Nanopore: Avidin in ClyA (2017)

ABSTRACT We probe the molecular dynamics of a protein, avidin, as it is captured and trapped in a nanopore, ClyA, with time-resolved single-molecule electrical conductance measurements, and we present a method for visualizing this process from the data. The case of avidin in ClyA has rich time-dependent conductance spectra of discrete levels that correlate with different configurations of the protein in the pore. One is very long-lasting, stable and noise-free, and portends the use of this system as a platform for more general studies of proteins and other molecules, where avidin acts as a shuttle that ferries analytes into the pore for probing. We demonstrate this by the sensitive detection of a biotin molecule attached to avidin captured by the pore. We also present an approach to determining the nanopore size based on a 3D printed model of the pore.
Analytical Model for Predicting Fracture Initiation Pressure from a Cased and Perforated Wellbore (2018)

Abstract Although clustered perforations have become a primary choice of completion for horizontal wells in the development of low-permeability reservoirs, downhole measurements and production logging often indicate nonuniform production from the perforation clusters, with some of them not stimulated or not contributing to the production. One of the mechanisms contributing to this is nonuniform/inefficient breakdown of the perforations. However, being able to assess the effectiveness of perforation breakdown because of lateral variation of the formation properties and stresses is challenging, not only because of the lack of the data, but also because of the lack of a practical engineering model to predict the fracture initiation and breakdown pressures for cased and perforated completions due to the complexity of well configuration and perforation geometry. In this paper, an analytical fracture initiation model is presented along with the comparison against 3D numerical simulations and published experimental data. The breakdown pressure data from a Marcellus shale horizontal test well in the US Department of Energy (DOE)–sponsored Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory consortium are analyzed and compared to the model prediction using the high-resolution 1D mechanical earth model derived from high-tier logs.
Imidacloprid (GAUCHO 480) as an Aphicide in Winter Wheat, 1997 (1998)

Abstract Plots were seeded by large plot drill on 10 Oct 1996, in a RCBD with 5 replicates per treatment at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 2 rates as a seed treatment insecticide at 0.5 and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt. Lorsban 4 E SG was applied topically by sprayer at 26 d after emergence (DAE) on 7 Nov due to weather conditions prior to that date. An untreated check was established at planting.
DNA's lasting imprint (1989)

The use of DNA typing for the examination of forensic casework and the establishment of paternity is discussed. A description is given of DNA-based identification testing procedures, most of which involve the use of restriction endonucleases, DNA probes, and Southern blot hybridization. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cleave a person's DNA, at specific recognition sites, into a reproducible pattern of fragments. DNA probes are relatively small pieces of DNA (also known as oligonucleotides), which are selected because they recognize specific genetic sequences of interest on a segment of target DNA. The probe and detected sequence (known as a complementary sequence) fit together specifically like the two halves of a zipper. Southern blot hybridization is essentially the process by which specific target DNA fragments of interest are isolated, detected, and visualized. The differences between testing for a crime scene investigation and testing the paternity establishment are considered. The impact of DNA testing is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein Purified from Mammalian Cells Is Frequently Recognized by E2-specific Antibodies in Patient Sera (1997)

The envelope protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is composed of two membrane-associated glycoproteins, E1 and E2. To obtain HCV E2 protein as a secretory form at a high level, we constructed a recombinant chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing a C-terminal truncated E2 (E2t) fused to human growth hormone (hGH), CHO/hGHE2t. The hGHE2t fusion protein was purified from the culture supernatant using anti-hGH mAb affinity chromatography at approximately 80% purity. The purified hGHE2t protein appeared to be assembled into oligomers linked by intermolecular disulfide bond(s) when density gradient centrifugation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were employed. When the purified fusion protein was used for testing its ability to bind to antibodies specific for HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the protein was recognized by antibodies in sera from 90% of HCV-positive patients. Treatment of hGHE2t protein by beta-mercaptoethanol, but not by heat and SDS, significantly reduced its reactivity to the antibodies of patient sera, suggesting that intermolecular and/or intramolecular disulfide bonds are important for its ability to recognize its specific antibody and that the E2 protein contains discontinuous antigenic epitope(s).
Stress and depression (2011)

It is normal to feel distress, anxiety and depression in times of worry. Job insecurity, debt, redundancy and housing issues can all play a part in causing emotional distress.
A method of control system design using global search (1989)

A method is presented that eliminates the problem of the conventional quadratic performance criterion not being effective for some real-world systems because the performance parameters are seldom related to meaningful quantities. Globally searching the performance index allows the index to have local minimums as well as discontinuities, so it can be defined in meaningful terms. This ability to define meaningful performance indexes potentially can reduce the design time and produce better controls for nonlinear systems. The method has been implemented and tested with a simulated nonlinear system. Comparison to optimal control theory shows that the methodology has merit. Gains occur because the controller can be nonlinear and the system can be efficiently optimized to have the desired characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three dimensional evaluation of the aortic annulus using multislice computer tomography: are manufacturer's guidelines for sizing for percutaneous aortic valve replacement helpful? (2009)

Eligibility varied substantially depending on the sizing criterion. In clinical practice both under- and oversizing were common. Industry guidelines should recognize the oval shape of the aortic annulus.
Provenance-Driven Data Curation Workflow Analysis (2015)

Manually designed workflows can be error-prone and inefficient. Workflow provenance contains fine-grained data processing information that can be used to detect workflow design problems. In this paper, we propose a provenance-driven workflow analysis framework that exploits both prospective and retrospective provenance. We show how provenance information can help the user gain a deeper understanding of a workflow and provide the user with insights into how to improve workflow design.
Supersaturation of Gases in Liquids (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupersaturation of Gases in LiquidsF. B. KenrickF. B. KenrickMore by F. B. Kenrick, K. L. WismerK. L. WismerMore by K. L. Wismer, and K. S. WyattK. S. WyattMore by K. S. WyattCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1924, 28, 12, 1308–1315Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1924https://doi.org/10.1021/j150246a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (524 KB) Get e-Alerts
ANALYZING TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS VIA EMPIRICALLY CALIBRATED BUILDING PERFORMANCE MODELS (2015)

A systematic approach toward obtaining, analyzing, and simulation-based reproduction of performance data from traditional buildings is presented. This approach involves long-term data collection regarding local climate, indoor conditions in the selected building objects, construction methods, building materials, energy systems, ventilation regimes, and occupancy patterns. Subsequently, the collected data is analyzed and interpreted in view of the buildings ’ salient design features. Furthermore, a digital performance simulation model of the building is generated and calibrated based on collected indoor climate data. The approach is exemplified using the instance of a traditional hammam building located in
''Towards a High-Performance and Robust Implementation of MPI-IO on Top of GPFS'' (2000)

MPI-IO/GPFS is a prototype implementation of the I/O chapter of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) 2 standard. It uses the IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS), with prototyped extensions, as the underlying file system. this paper describes the features of this prototype which support its high performance and robustness. The use of hints at the file system level and at the MPI-IO level allows tailoring the use of the file system to the application needs. Error handling in collective operations provides robust error reporting and deadlock prevention in case of returning errors.