gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose response to cinnamaldehyde supplementation in growing beef heifers: Ruminal and intestinal digestion1 (2009)

The objective of this study was to determine if cinnamaldehyde (CIN) could be used to improve feed intake, digestion, and immune status in growing beef heifers fed high-concentrate diets. The experiment was designed as a 4 x 4 Latin square using 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef heifers with 4 treatments: control (no CIN added), 400 mg/d of CIN (low), 800 mg/d of CIN (medium), and 1,600 mg/d of CIN (high), and four 21-d periods. Feed intake, rumen pH and fermentation characteristics, site and extent of digestion, microbial N synthesis, blood metabolites, and acute phase protein response were measured. The diets consisted of 15% barley silage, 80% dry-rolled barley grain, and 5% supplement (DM basis). Intakes (kg/d) of DM, OM, NDF, starch, and N were quadratically (P = 0.04) changed with increasing CIN supplementation. The amount of OM fermented in the rumen quadratically (P = 0.02) decreased with increasing CIN. Digestibilities (% of intake) of OM, NDF, and N in the rumen were not affected by supplementing with low and medium CIN, but they were reduced by 8% (P = 0.10), 31% (P = 0.05), and 17% (P = 0.05), respectively, with high CIN. Similarly, digestibilities of OM and NDF in the total tract also tended to be reduced by 7% (P = 0.10) and 20% (P = 0.10), respectively, with high CIN because supplementation of CIN had minimal effects on intestinal digestibility. Flows (g/d) of microbial N and other nutrients to the duodenum were not affected by CIN supplementation, even though the amount of ruminal fermented OM varied with level of CIN supplementation. Rumen pH, total VFA concentration, and molar proportions of individual VFA were not affected by CIN. Although concentrations of NEFA (P = 0.06) and triglyceride (P = 0.01) were quadratically changed with increasing CIN supplementation, blood concentrations of glucose and urea N, white blood cell counts, serum amyloid A, and lipopolysaccharide in plasma were not affected by CIN. Plasma haptoglobin numerically (P = 0.11) decreased with the medium dose of CIN fed compared with control. The results indicate that supplementation of a high-concentrate diet with a low dose of CIN resulted in small increases in nutrient availability in the rumen due to increased feed intake and greater ruminal digestion of OM. However, feed intake and ruminal digestion of feeds were adversely affected when a high dose of CIN was used.
Hungering for America: Italian, Irish, and Jewish Foodways in the Age of Migration (2002)

"Hungering for America: Italian, Irish, and Jewish Foodways in the Age of Migration." History: Reviews of New Books, 31(1), pp. 10–11
Magnetic Amplifiers of the Balance Detector Type---Their Basic Principles, Characteristics, and Applications (1951)

At first two special problems concerning magnetic amplifiers for self-balancing d-c potentiometers and d-c bridge networks are specified. Numerous basic circuits of simple magnetic amplifiers preferably utilizing feedback effects are classified and explained. Then different push-pull circuits of the balance detector type are described systematically. Some figures for single-stage and multistage amplifiers are quoted to indicate the performance obtained. Speed of response in magnetic amplifiers, the possibility of providing derivative feedback, and design procedure with respect to time lag are briefly considered.
Ultra-Violet Disinfection of Injection Seawater for Secondary Oil Recovery (1985)

Abstract Today diminishing oil reserves force us to seek ways of increasing the yield of existing resources. Some years ago oil was mainly recovered by means of the natural pressure of the oil bearing formation. When natural pressure decreased, the source was regarded as exhausted, although considerably more than half of the total oil quantity remained in the fine pores of the oil bearing rock strata. Meanwhile techniques have been developed to exploit a greater part of these neglected reserves. The principle of all these techniques is that the pressure in the oil reservoir is maintained in order to force the remaining oil towards the well-bore. One of the methods to achieve this is the injection of water under high pressure into the oil-bearing stratum. Depending on the location of the recovery point fresh water or sea-water is used.
Theory of SiGe waveguide avalanche detectors operating at λ=1.3 μm (1998)

The potential performance of SiGe waveguide avalanche photodiodes is analyzed for operation at a wavelength of 1.3 /spl mu/m. It is found that response speeds in excess of 5 Gbit/s with gains of /spl sim/40 should be readily achievable in the absence of carrier trapping effects. Analysis of the electron initiated avalanche current shows an initial low-noise fast pulse due to primary ionization. This is followed by a noisy tail involving hole initiated processes. Structures for future experimental study are proposed.
Biofilm Fouling of RO Membranes—Its Nature and Effect on Treatment of Water for Reuse (1984)

Increasing demand for domestic water has spurred renewed activity in the treatment of secondary municipal effluent to augment existing resources. Demineralization of pretreated wastewater by reverse osmosis yields safe, potable supplies, but microorganisms and chemical substances in the feedwater rapidly impede membrane flux, reducing plant efficiency and increasing treatment costs. The nature of biofilm development was studied at an advanced wastewater treatment plant in Southern California under low‐ and high‐chlorine conditions, where close relationships were found between the accumulation of biochemical material and the loss of membrane premeability. High chlorine residuals damaged the membrane structure and reduced mineral rejection capacity.
Effects of Moist-Chamber and McCarey-Kaufman Medium Storage on the Metabolic Status of the Cornea: A 31P-Magnetic Resonance Analysis (1988)

The rate of change in concentration of corneal phosphatic metabolites of cat corneas stored in moist chamber and McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium was determined in order to provide a basis for prediction of the corneal metabolic status at a given storage time. Perchloric acid corneal extracts were examined by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance after storage at 4 degrees C of whole globes under moist-chamber conditions up to 48 h and of excised corneas in M-K medium up to 168 h. A significant decline in the corneal concentrations of ATP and a significant increase in inorganic phosphate occurred for both storage methods; however, depending on the metabolite, the rate of decline or increase was significantly greater for the moist-chamber-stored corneas. The phosphorylated sugars significantly increased and the glycerophosphodiesters significantly decreased in the moist-chamber-stored corneas, whereas both metabolites remained unchanged in the M-K-medium-stored corneas. There was no significant change in the dinucleotides and nucleoside diphospho-sugars during the time course for both storage methods. A threefold greater rate of decline was noted in the tissue energy modulus for the moist-chamber-stored corneas than for the M-K-medium-stored corneas (-0.0465 vs. -0.0121 modulus values/h). M-K medium was significantly more effective in the maintenance of high-energy phosphatic metabolites. The mathematical model for these rate determinations provides a basis for prediction of the corneal metabolic status at a given time in moist-chamber or M-K medium storage.
Preparation of Metal Ruthenates by Spray Pyrolysis (1995)

Submicrometer crystalline metal ruthenate powders with perovskite structure, MRuO 3 (M = Sr, La), and pyrochlore structure, M 2 Ru 2 O 7‐ x (0.5 < x < 1; M = Bi, Pb, Y, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm), were prepared by spray pyrolysis using metal nitrates and glycolates under an oxygen‐gas atmosphere at temperatures up to 1100°C. Submicrometer‐sized solid single crystals (SrRuO 3 ), submicrometer‐sized hollow spheres consisting of nanocrystallites (pyrochlore rare‐earth ruthenates, Bi 2 Ru 2 O 7 , and Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 below 1000°C), and nanometer‐sized particles (Pb 2.31 Ru 1.69 O 6.5 and Bi‐Pb‐O above 1000°C) were observed. Particle formation proceeded by intraparticle reaction and intraparticle reaction followed by evaporation of volatile metal oxides to form metal oxide vapors followed by condensation and reaction to form particles. The former was observed for systems where no volatile metal oxides were formed, whereas the latter occurred for the Pb‐Ru‐O and Bi‐Ru‐O systems, where volatile metal oxides, such as Bi 2 O, PbO, and RuO x could occur. Particle morphology depended strongly on precursor properties. Submicrometer‐sized single‐crystal SrRuO 3 particles could be formed from the metal nitrates but not from Sr(NO 3 ) 2 and ruthenium glycolate, which gave hollow polycrystalline particles. In general, crystallite size could be controlled by varying precursor properties and reactor temperature, with higher temperatures giving larger crystallite sizes.
iSlerp: An Incremental Approach to Slerp (2007)

In this paper, an incremental quaternion-interpolation algorithm is introduced. With the assumption of a constant interval between a pair of quaternions, the cost of the interpolation algorithm is significantly reduced. Expensive trigonometric calculations in Slerp are replaced with simple linear-combination arithmetic. The round-off errors and drifting behavior accumulated through incremental steps are also analyzed.
Estimation of Willingness-To-Pay for Extensive Implementation of Congestion Pricing (2005)

Traffic congestion causes enormous social costs as well as loss of travel time and waste of energy. Though the Seoul metropolitan government implemented various forms of transportation policies such as urban road pricing and public transportation reform, traffic volume which across the Seoul metropolitan borders have greatly increased because of housing land development in suburban area. The purpose of this study is to estimate individual's willingness-to-pay(WTP) for extensive implementation of congestion pricing through policy-mix with bus rapid transit(BRT) system. So the field survey interviews carried out. The empirical analysis was done with priority given to the following two topics; derivation of individual WTP and prior evaluation of policy effect from the equity aspect. To estimate individual WTP, we adopted contingent valuation method (CVM). The former is to estimate individual WTP for respondent's maintaining his/her transit pattern when he/she is faced with congestion pricing by using compensating variation(CV) concept. And, the latter aims at evaluating policy effect from the equity aspect by calculating the Proportion of WTP to average income using WTP in income bracket for policy scenarios.
TRPV1 in Brain Is Involved in Acetaminophen-Induced Antinociception (2010)

This study shows that TRPV(1) in brain is involved in the antinociceptive action of acetaminophen and provides a strategy for developing central nervous system active oral analgesics based on the coexpression of FAAH and TRPV(1) in the brain.
Interfacial structure between dentin and seven dentin bonding systems revealed using argon ion beam etching. (1993)

The interfacial structure of seven dentin adhesive systems was studied morphologically. Argon ion beam etching of an undecalcified section clearly revealed the resin-impregnated demineralized dentin at the adhesive interface of the seven systems when observed under the scanning electron microscope.
The Construction of 'Poverty' in Post-Soviet Russia (2005)

The Russian government aims to halve poverty in Russia within the next ten years.The role of this paper is to explore why this very ambitious target is not just concerned with macro-economic growth.It argues that the way the state conceptualises, and quantifies, poverty will provide significant barriers to its objectives.To explore this, drawing on qualitative research conducted in three Russian cities, the paper explores how the state defines poverty before critically examining how political 'elites' view 'the poor'.It is argues that without a radical rethinking of these discourses significant poverty reduction will prove very difficult to achieve.This enables discussions on how marginalized individuals mediate these discourses and how they impact on their interactions with the state.The final sections of the paper explore these issues through the lens of the current welfare reforms that the federal government planned to introduce in January 2005.It is argued that rather than reducing poverty these reforms will instead increase everyday uncertainty among the marginalized and will impact negatively on their existing coping strategies.
Forensic Identification of Gender from Fingerprints (2015)

In the past century, forensic investigators have universally accepted fingerprinting as a reliable identification method, which relies mainly on pictorial comparisons. Despite developments to software systems in order to increase the probability and speed of identification, there has been limited success in the efforts that have been made to move away from the discipline's absolute dependence on the existence of a prerecorded matching fingerprint. Here, we have revealed that an information-rich latent fingerprint has not been used to its full potential. In our approach, the content present in the sweat left behind-namely the amino acids-can be used to determine physical such as gender of the originator. As a result, we were able to focus on the biochemical content in the fingerprint using a biocatalytic assay, coupled with a specially designed extraction protocol, for determining gender rather than focusing solely on the physical image.
Finding programming errors earlier by evaluating runtime monitors ahead-of-time (2008)

Runtime monitoring allows programmers to validate, for instance, the proper use of application interfaces. Given a property specification, a runtime monitor tracks appropriate runtime events to detect violations and possibly execute recovery code. Although powerful, runtime monitoring inspects only one program run at a time and so may require many program runs to find errors. Therefore, in this paper, we present ahead-of-time techniques that can (1) prove the absence of property violations on all program runs, or (2) flag locations where violations are likely to occur. Our work focuses on tracematches, an expressive runtime monitoring notation for reasoning about groups of correlated objects. We describe a novel flow-sensitive static analysis for analyzing monitor states. Our abstraction captures both positive information (a set of objects could be in a particular monitor state) and negative information (the set is known not to be in a state). The analysis resolves heap references by combining the results of three points-to and alias analyses. We also propose a machine learning phase to filter out likely false positives. We applied a set of 13 tracematches to the DaCapo benchmark suite and SciMark2. Our static analysis rules out all potential points of failure in 50% of the cases, and 75% of false positives on average. Our machine learning algorithm correctly classifies the remaining potential points of failure in all but three of 461 cases. The approach revealed defects and suspicious code in three benchmark programs.
Laser-induced transient grating setup with continuously tunable period (2015)

We present a modification of the laser-induced transient grating setup enabling continuous tuning of the transient grating period. The fine control of the period is accomplished by varying the angle of the diffraction grating used to split excitation and probe beams. The setup has been tested by measuring dispersion of bulk and surface acoustic waves in both transmission and reflection geometries. The presented modification is fully compatible with optical heterodyne detection and can be easily implemented in any transient grating setup.
A new approach for effecting surface-induced dissociation in an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer: A modeling study (2000)

With the increasing use of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of biomolecules, surface-induced dissociation (SID) should be given serious consideration as an ion activation technique. There are at least two compelling reasons to consider SID: it can deposit significant amounts of internal energy into large ions, and no collision gas is required. These potential advantages have led us to undertake a modeling study of the SID process in an ICR using the ion optics program SIMION. The various methods previously used to obtain SID spectra are compared to a new approach for effecting SID in an ICR. Through simulations, many different parameters present in the experiment are correlated to the kinetic energy of the parent ion upon impact and the overall product ion collection efficiency (and hence the signal intensity) expected. The modeling results suggest this new approach allows larger, more precise, and controllable impact energies to be used, as well as providing higher collection efficiencies. The validity of the modeling results is supported by good qualitative agreement with previously reported experimental results.
A cloned human CCAAT-box-binding factor stimulates transcription from the human hsp70 promoter. (1990)

The basal promoter of the human hsp70 gene is predominantly controlled by a CCAAT element at position -70 relative to the transcriptional initiation site. We report the isolation of a novel cDNA clone encoding a 114-kDa polypeptide that binds to the CCAAT element of the hsp70 promoter. Expression of this CCAAT-binding factor (CBF) cDNA activated transcription from cotransfected hsp70 promoter-reporter gene constructs in a CCAAT-dependent manner. CCAAT-binding factor shows no homology to the previously identified human CCAAT transcription factor or rat CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein.
Solution of the Boltzmann equation at the upstream and downstream singular points in a shock wave (1974)

A solution of the Boltzmann equation is obtained at the upstream and downstream singular points in a shock wave, for the case of Maxwell molecules. The fluid velocity u , rather than the spatial co-ordinate x , is used as the independent variable, and an equation for ∂ f /∂ u at a singular point is obtained from the Boltzmann equation by taking the appropriate limit. This equation is solved by using the methods of Grad and of Wang Chang & Uhlenbeck; and it is observed that the two methods are the same, since they involve not only an equivalent system of moment equations but also the same closure relations. Because many quantities are zero at a singular point, the problem becomes sufficiently simple to allow the solution to be carried out to any desired order. At the supersonic singular point, the solution converges very slowly for strong shock waves; but a simple modification to Grad's method provides a rapidly convergent solution. The solution shows that the Navier-Stokes relations, or the first-order Chapman-Enskog results, do not apply unless the shock-wave Mach number is unity, and that they are grossly in error for strong shock waves. The solution confirms the existence of temperature overshoot in a strong shock wave; shows that the critical Mach number in Grad's solution increases monotonically with the order of the solution; provides a simple explanation as to why Grad's closure relations fail and shows how they can be improved; and provides exact boundary values that can be used to guide future numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation for shock-wave structure.
Controlled Gossiping in Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

Gossiping, a probabilistic algorithm for network-wide broadcasting, can significantly reduce the number of transmissions in one-to-all message spread. Based on the Continuum Percolation Theory, we develop a novel analytical model of gossiping for wireless ad hoc networks. This model provides an intuitive way for setting the gossiping probability, so that a gossip achieves high degree of network coverage with limited number of transmissions. We also propose and study a distributed gossiping scheme, in which nodes set their gossiping probabilities according to locally acquired information. Both gossiping schemes are demonstrated to be scalable; i.e., for fixed network area, the expected number of gossip transmissions does not depend on the number of nodes in the network. The analytical results are verified via simulations of large ad hoc networks.
Rye γ‐70 and γ‐35 secalins and barley γ‐3 hordein cross‐react with ω‐5 gliadin, a major allergen in wheat‐dependent, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (2001)

Patients with wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis experience severe allergic reactions when exercising after ingestion of wheat. The major wheat allergen associated with these reactions is a omega-5 gliadin, and patients following a gluten-free diet have remained free of symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine whether allergens cross-reacting with wheat omega-5 gliadin are present in rye, barley and oats. Sera from 23 adult patients with wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis were examined. Cereal allergens cross-reacting with wheat omega-5 gliadin were identified by immunoblot inhibition. The cross-reactive allergens were purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase chromatography and submitted to amino acid sequencing. Cross-reactivity was further studied by IgE ELISA and ELISA inhibition, and in vivo reactivity by skin prick testing. In immunoblotting rabbit anti-omega-5 gliadin antibodies bound to 70 kDa and 32 kDa proteins in rye and a 34-kDa protein in barley, but not to proteins in oats. N-terminal sequencing identified these proteins as rye gamma-70 secalin, rye gamma- 35 secalin and barley gamma-3 hordein, correspondingly. In ELISA 21/23 (91%) patients with wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis showed IgE antibodies to purified gamma-70 secalin, 19/23 (83%) to gamma-35 secalin and 21/23 (91%) to gamma-3 hordein. In ELISA inhibition omega-5 gliadin inhibited over 90% of the IgE binding of pooled patient sera to solid-phase gamma-secalins and gamma-3 hordein. Skin prick testing gave positive reactions to gamma-70 secalin in 10/15 (67%) patients, to gamma-35 secalin in 3/15 (20%) patients and to gamma-3 hordein in 7/15 (47%) patients. The results of this study show that gamma-70 and gamma-35 secalins in rye and gamma-3 hordein in barley cross-react with omega-5 gliadin, a major allergen in wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis. These findings suggest that also rye and barley may elicit symptoms in patients with wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
Aggressive Function Splitting for Partial Inlining (2011)

Partial inlining is an efficient way of inlining, which inlines only part of the callee function, thus reducing the code expansion. The key problem is how to split the callee function effectively so that both the call overhead and the code expansion can be reduced. Previous techniques either lead to function splits too large to be inlined, or fail to reduce the call overhead effectively. In this paper, we propose a new technique for function splitting based on early returns in the function to achieve both goals. It also employs the cost and benefit model to allow efficient function splitting. Our preliminary experimental results show that the proposed technique can reduce the call overhead by 33%, with the code size increase of 5.8%.
SELECTING HELPFUL IMAGES (2006)

Science is facts; just as houses are made of stones, so is science made of facts; but a pile of stones is not a house and a collection of facts is not necessarily science.– Henri Poincaré