gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Pristine and Modified SnS<sub>2</sub> as a Lithium-Ion Battery Anode: A First-Principles Study (2015)

Li intercalation and diffusion in pristine and modified SnS2 interlayer are studied by a first-principles approach. The results predict that the octahedral interstitial site is energetically favored for Li intercalation. The minimum energy path of Li diffusion in SnS2 interlayer is investigated by climbing image nudged elastic band method. It is found that Li atom diffuses from one energetically favored octahedral interstitial site to the neighbor one via tetrahedral interstitial site. The expansion of interlayer spacing is beneficial for decreasing the diffusion barrier. Ce dopant negatively impacts the Li diffusivity although it can optimize the interlayer spacing. Geometric structures of LixSnS2 (0 < x ≤ 3) are investigated to understand the lithiation-induced volume expansion and atomic structure change. The lithiation process can be divided into two stages. When Li content (x in LixSnS2) is less than 1, the volume expansion is not dramatic and only S atoms capture electrons from Li atoms. When Li content is larger than 1, Sn(4+) cations are significantly reduced, S-Sn-S trilayer gradually decomposes, and LixS2 (1 ≤ x ≤ 3) layer forms between two Sn monolayers. The mechanism of volume expansion is elucidated in this study.
Reversible and Irreversible Modulation of Tubulin Self‐Assembly by Intense Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (2019)

Tubulin self-assembly into microtubules is a fascinating natural phenomenon. Its importance is not just crucial for functional and structural biological processes, but it also serves as an inspiration for synthetic nanomaterial innovations. The modulation of the tubulin self-assembly process without introducing additional chemical inhibitors/promoters or stabilizers has remained an elusive process. This work reports a versatile and vigorous strategy for controlling tubulin self-assembly by nanosecond electropulses (nsEPs). The polymerization assessed by turbidimetry is dependent on nsEPs dosage. The kinetics of microtubules formation is tightly linked to the nsEPs effects on structural properties of tubulin, and tubulin-solvent interface, assessed by autofluorescence, and the zeta potential. Moreover, the overall size of tubulin assessed by dynamic light scattering is affected as well. Additionally, atomic force microscopy imaging reveals the formation of different assemblies reflecting applied nsEPs. It is suggested that changes in C-terminal modification states alter tubulin polymerization-competent conformations. Although the assembled tubulin preserve their integral structure, they might exhibit a broad range of new properties important for their functions. Thus, these transient conformation changes of tubulin and their collective properties can result in new applications.
Nestin expression persists in astrocytes of organotypic slice cultures from rat cortex (2002)

Nestin is an intermediate filament protein typical for neural precursor cells that is down-regulated in the post-natal rodent brain. Re-expression of nestin has been observed in reactive astrocytes after injury. In this study, organotypic slice cultures from rat cortex were examined for expression of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein between 2 and 8 weeks in culture. Immunoreactivity for nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was seen in astrocytes which persisted throughout the observation period. Immunofluorescence double labeling showed widespread co-localization of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Image analysis revealed that levels of nestin-immunoreactivity plateaued after 5 weeks in culture. By comparison nestin immunoreactivity was absent from glial cells of the cortex in mature rats. These immunohistochemical findings of a persistent expression of nestin in glial cells of organotypic slice culture of the rat cortex indicate a different time course of glial maturation in vitro. This difference could be related to the altered trophic stimulation in vitro; differences in neuronal maturation, activity or survival; slow degeneration of the vasculature; or intrinsic properties of astrocytes.
Future prospects in planning radiation therapy (1985)

Recent advances in imaging, especially computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and in the power and capabilities of reasonably priced computers and image display devices will permit a substantial extension of the scope of computer programs designed to help plan cancer therapy. All available diagnostic studies could be incorporated into the process of assessing the patient's disease, picking a treatment modality, and determining details of the selected treatment. Fully three-dimensional simulation of any possible treatment will be possible and methods for comparing and choosing between possible rival plans will be developed. Monitoring of the treatment machine and verification of the adequacy of the delivered treatment will be facilitated, and the follow-up of the patient and statistical analysis of the results of treatment can be incorporated into the overall programming system.
Non-Binary Protograph-Based LDPC Codes: Enumerators, Analysis, and Designs (2014)

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of nonbinary low-density parity check (LDPC) codes built out of protographs. We consider both random and constrained edge-weight labeling, and refer to the former as the unconstrained nonbinary protograph-based LDPC codes (U-NBPB codes) and to the latter as the constrained nonbinary protograph-based LDPC codes (C-NBPB codes). Equipped with combinatorial definitions extended to the nonbinary domain, ensemble enumerators of codewords, trapping sets, stopping sets, and pseudocodewords are calculated. The exact enumerators are presented in the finite-length regime, and the corresponding growth rates are calculated in the asymptotic regime. An EXIT chart tool for computing the iterative decoding thresholds of protograph-based LDPC codes is presented, followed by several examples of finite-length U-NBPB and C-NBPB codes with high performance. Throughout this paper, we provide accompanying examples, which demonstrate the advantage of nonbinary protograph-based LDPC codes over their binary counterparts and over random constructions. The results presented in this paper advance the analytical toolbox of nonbinary graph-based codes.
Definição e formas de avaliação e registro de Ativos Ecológicos (2006)

Sob o enfoque da Contabilidade Ecologica, o artigo apresenta uma definicao para ativos ecologicos, abordando quais as caracteristicas necessarias aos bens e direitos para que possam integrar esta classificacao. Sugere que os ativos ecologicos podem ser divididos em endogenos e exogenos, dependendo da forma como se relacionarem com o meio ambiente natural, se direta ou indiretamente. Apresenta formas de avaliacao dos ativos ecologicos pelos seguintes criterios: valor original ou historico; valor original corrigido pelo poder aquisitivo da moeda; valor de mercado; equivalencia patrimonial; fluxo de caixa descontado a valor presente; e valor economico total. Para cada criterio e recomendada a forma ideal de registro dos ativos ecologicos, e como devem ser apresentados aos interessados, para atender as exigencias legais e gerenciais.
Structure-Activity Relationship of Okadaic Acid, a Potent Protein Phosphatases PP1 and PP2A Inhibitor: 24-epi-Okadaic Acid and a 18-Membered Lactone Analog (2008)

X-Ray crystallographic analysis and structure-activity relationship of okadaic acid revealed that the flexible cavity structure stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds is important for its potent cytotoxicity.
Archaeology, claimant connection to sites, and native title: employment of successful categories of data with specific comments on glass artefacts (2005)

This paper argues that Indigenous utilisation and manipulation of post-contact materials should be given more attention in both routine and native title-oriented archaeology. We analyse a range of categories of post contact occupation, including art, habitation sites, and implements based on introduced materials. We draw particular attention to glass artefacts in that they have the advantage of being near ubiquitous in the landscape. We would argue that judiciously treated they can be highly informative about the timing and nature of settlement and subsistence patterns after contact (revealing both continuities and transformations). They may also reflect on group identity and processes of aggregation during the imposition of pastoral, mining, forestry, defence and other regimes on traditional lands. Of the numerous Federal Court archaeology expert witness reports prepared by the authors in the arid zone, in all cases glass artefacts were recorded. Equally, in all cases claimants had some connections to and knowledge of sites where such post contact artefacts were noted.
Tire with Self-Repairing Mechanism (2006)

A new type of tire is presented, in which there is no air leakage when nails puncture the tire. The broken part is repaired automatically by a self-repairing mechanism. The self-repairing unit consists of two rubber sheets with internal lattices. Polymer particles, which expand their volume on adding water, are inserted into the lattices. The unit is adhered to the inside wall of the tire. Coolant fluid diluted with water is introduced to the polymers uniformly. In this system, the polymer particles expand with water-diluted coolant fluid, and become gel. Hence, they stop air leakages in the tire. Fundamental experiments are performed, and optimum conditions are found. This technique is also applied to real tires, and it is ascertained that there is no air leakage when the tire is punctured by nails.
InGaAs/GaAs quantum wires defined by lateral top barrier modulation (1992)

We have fabricated buried InGaAs/GaAs quantum wires with widths down to 35 nm by using a novel and simple approach. The essential technological step is a selective wet etch process by which the material of the top GaAs barrier layer of a quantum well substrate is removed between quantum wire regions defined by high resolution electron beam lithography. The semiconductor vacuum boundary which locally replaces the energy band discontinuity of the quantum well induces a potential barrier which leads to a lateral potential well within the InGaAs layer. The wires show high emission intensity even for narrow wire widths and a significant shift of the emission to high energy for the smallest wires.
Negotiation between Requester and Provider Based on Pragmatics Web Service (2009)

Pragmatics Web service is a novel pattern for designing and deploying Web services with the concept of pragmatics as its knowledge foundation. It primarily concerns preference, context, communication and negotiation of service participants, so that the real meaning for conveyed message can be apprehend by the service requester or provider. In this paper, we propose an agent negotiation framework towards pragmatics Web service. First, we abstract the rule and policy for access control to private information about context, preference towards the pragmatics Web service. Second, we have formalized the access control rules, context information and preference policy, and stored them in the service ontology base possessed by service agent. Finally, we implement the ContractNet protocol negotiation by a house-leasing case under control of the rules, and compare experimentally the utility value of various negotiation strategy between service requester and service provider.
I can’t get no satisfaction after my total knee replacement (2013)

Satisfaction is increasingly employed as an outcome measure for a successful total knee replacement (TKR). Satisfaction as an outcome measure encompasses many different intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to a person's experience before and after TKR. The Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Registry has previously demonstrated on a large population study that 17% of TKR recipients are not satisfied with their TKR outcome. This finding has been replicated in other countries. Similar significant factors emerged from these registry studies that are related to satisfaction. It would appear that satisfaction is better after more chronic diseases and whether the TKR results in pain relief or improved function. Importantly, unmet pre-operative expectations are a significant predictor for dissatisfaction following a TKR. It may be possible to improve rates by addressing the issues surrounding pain, function and expectation before embarking on surgery.
<title>A Teaching Stereo-Video Microscope</title> (1975)

A new medical training instrument has been developed, which provides a means whereby microsurgery procedures performed using an optical microscope can be viewed by any number of medical students. This is accomplished by picking-up a television picture from the operating microscope and displaying the picture so the operation can be seen "live" on TV monitors at remote locations. Also the picture can be recorded on video tape for later playback for medical teaching purposes. This instrument has the principal advantage over other teaching means of microsurgery in that it can provide a three dimensional color picture so that the student sees the same view the surgeon saw as he performed the operation.
Association between Circulating Vitamin D Metabolites and Fecal Bile Acid Concentrations (2016)

Although hydrophobic bile acids have been demonstrated to exhibit cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects in the colorectum, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been investigated as a potential chemopreventive agent. Vitamin D has been shown to play a role in both bile acid metabolism and in the development of colorectal neoplasia. Using a cross-sectional design, we sought to determine whether baseline circulating concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were associated with baseline fecal bile acid concentrations in a trial of UDCA for the prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence. We also prospectively evaluated whether vitamin D metabolite concentrations modified the effect of UDCA on adenoma recurrence. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and calcium intake, adequate concentrations of 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL) were statistically significantly associated with reduced odds for high levels of total [OR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38-0.97], and primary (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96) bile acids, as well as individually with chenodeoxycholic acid (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24-0.63) and cholic acid (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90). No significant associations were observed for 1,25(OH)2D and high versus low fecal bile acid concentrations. In addition, neither 25(OH)D nor 1,25(OH)2D modified the effect of UDCA on colorectal adenoma recurrence. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate an inverse relationship between circulating levels of 25(OH)D and primary fecal bile acid concentrations. These results support prior data demonstrating that vitamin D plays a key role in bile acid metabolism, and suggest a potential mechanism of action for 25(OH)D in colorectal cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 589-97. ©2016 AACR.
Synthesis of aperiodic planar arrays by a stochastic approach (2002)

Two dimensional arrays offer the potential for producing three-dimensional acoustic imaging. The major problem is the complexity arising from the large number of elements in such arrays. In this paper, a synthesis method is proposed that is aimed at designing an aperiodic sparse two dimensional array to be used together with a conventional beamformer. The stochastic algorithm of simulated annealing has been utilized to minimize the number of elements necessary to produce a spatial response that meets given requirements. The proposed method is highly innovative, as it can face very large arrays, optimize both positions and weight coefficients, synthesize asymmetric arrays and generate array configurations that are valid for every scan direction. Several results are presented, showing a notable improvement in the array characteristics and performances over those reported in the literature.
exploratory data analysis (2004)

Chapter Three begins by discussing the difference between hypothesis testing, where an a priori hypothesis is assessed, versus exploratory data analysis. Exploratory data analysis (EDA), or graphical data analysis allows the analyst to (1) delve into the data set, (2) examine the inter-relationships among the attributes, (3) identify interesting subsets of the observations, and (4) develop an initial idea of possible associations between the attributes and the target variable, if any. Extensive screen-shots of EDA carried out on the churn data set are provided. Graphical and numerical methods for handling correlated variables are examined. Next, exploratory methods for categorical variables are investigated. Bar charts with overlays, normalized bar charts, and subsetted bar charts are illustrated, along with cross tabulations and web graphs for investigating the relationship between two categorical attributes. Throughout the chapter, nuggets of information are drawn from the EDA that will help us to predict churn, that is, predict who will leave the company's service. EDA can help to uncover anomalous fields. Next, exploratory methods for numerical variables are examined, including summary statistics, correlations, histograms, normalized histograms, and histograms with overlays. Then, exploratory methods for multivariate relationships are illustrated, including scatter plots and 3D scatter plots. Methods for selecting interesting subsets of records are discussed, along with binning to increase efficiency. The hands-on analysis problems include challenging the reader to construct a comprehensive exploratory data analysis of a large real-world data set, the adult data set, and reporting on the salient results.
Adaptable Two-Dimension Sliding Windows on NVIDIA GPUs with Runtime Compilation (2011)

For some classes of problems, NVIDIA CUDA abstraction and hardware properties combine with problem characteristics to limit the specific problem instances that can be effectively accelerated. As a real-world example, a two-dimensional correlation-based template-matching MATLAB application is considered. While this problem has a well known solution for the common case of linear image filtering -- small fixed templates of a known size applied to a much larger image -- the application considered here uses large arbitrarily-sized templates, up to 156-by-116 pixels, with small search spaces containing no more than 703 window positions per template. Our CUDA implementation approach employs template tiling and problem-specific kernel compilation to achieve speedups of up to 15 when compared to an optimized multi-threaded implementation running on a 3.33 GHz four core Intel Nehalem processor. Tiling the template enables exploiting the parallelism within the computation and shared memory usage. At the same time, problem-specific kernel compilation allows greater levels of adaptability than would otherwise be possible.
Stereochemical Studies of Monoterpene Compounds. III. Stereochemistry and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of 1-Hydroxy-<i>p</i>-menth-3-en-2-one and Its Reduction Products (1968)

Abstract 1-Hydroxy-p-menth-3-en-2-one (1) was prepared from α-terpinene by the t-butyl chromate oxidation, trans- and cis-p-Menth-3-ene-1,2-diols (4 and 5), 1-hydroxyisocarvomenthone (2), and 1-hydroxycarvomenthone (3) were also prepared from the compound 1 by lithium aluminum hydride reduction or by hydrogenation. The configurations of these compounds, 1–5, were identified on the basis of chemical evidence, and then the preferred conformation was determined by infrared spectroscopy on the basis of the conception of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. 1 and 2 were found to exist predominantly in the hydrogen-bonded conformations, 1a and 2a, respectively. With respect to 3, the existence of the conformational equilibrium, 3a\ightleftharpoons3b, was demonstrated by the presence of the free and bonded hydroxyl bands. Moreover, 4 and 5 were proved to take the preferred conformations of 4a and 5a respectively.
Broad-band microwave power amplifiers in GaN technology (2002)

We report lumped power amplifiers with >4.4 W saturated output power over 2-8 GHz bandwidth in a GaN HEMT technology. Peak output power and PAE are 5.12 W and 21% respectively at 6 GHz, under class-A operation. Also reported are GaAs MESFET/GaN HEMT cascode distributed amplifiers with 1-9 GHz bandwidth and with peak output power and PAE of 1.35 W and 14% respectively at 8 GHz.
Ruthenium Interlayer as Diffusion Barrier Under Carbon Overcoat in Magnetic Recording Media (2008)

A Magnetic film of ternary CoCrTa alloy was deposited onto textured NiP/Al substrate. Then, an atomic (8 A) layer of ruthenium (Ru) film was sputtered before a layer of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) was deposited by hot filament Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition method. Dynamic remanent magnetization and thickness product (MrT) measurement showed that samples without Ru interlayer were susceptible to plasma damage during carbon deposition compared to samples with Ru interlayer. The impact was more obvious as the substrate bias was increased during carbon deposition. Having an intermediate layer of ruthenium film in between magnetic layer and carbon overcoat made magnetic performance of the film more stable. After annealed for 30 minutes under 1 atm of N2 environment, MrT values dropped drastically in samples without Ru interlayer but varied only a little in samples with the interlayer. Water contact angle measurement showed little difference in surface energy with or without the interlayer. XPS studies indicated that Tantalum carbide formed in samples without Ru interlayer. Formation of metal carbide was not found in samples with Ru interlayer.
Differential staining of actin in metaphase spindles with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin and fluorescent DNase: is actin involved in chromosomal movement? (1981)

The distribution and polymerization state of actin in metaphase rat kangaroo cells was studied by fluorescence microscopy. Formaldehyde-fixed, acetone-extracted cells were labeled with either of two types of actin probes. The first, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin, has high affinity for F actin and does not bind monomeric G actin. The second was a conjugate of DNase I labeled with either tetramethylrhodamine or fluorescein. DNase binds with high affinity to G actin and with lesser affinity to F actin. The polymerization state of actin was deduced by comparing the fluorescence distribution of the phallacidin derivative with that of the fluorescent DNase. The results indicate that the pole-to-chromosome region of the metaphase spindle contains G actin but little if any conventional F actin. F actin is found concentrated in a diffuse distribution outside the spindle region in metaphase cells and returns to the interzone area between the chromosomes by early telophase. These results exclude spindle models for chromosomal movement that require more than about five F actin filaments per chromosome, support the hypothesis that F actin is involved in force generation for cell cleavage, and are not inconsistent with the possibility that actin outside the spindle may be involved in chromosomal movement.