gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase Selectively in Brain Monoamine Nerves Using the Bioprecursor (<i>E</i>‐β‐Fluoromethylene‐<i>m</i>‐Tyrosine (MDL 72394), a Substrate for Aromatic L‐Amino Acid Decarboxylase (1985)

(E)-beta-Fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (FMMT) is a dual-enzyme-activated inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO). The compound is not an inhibitor per se but is decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) to yield a potent enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of MAO, (E)-beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyramine, which shows some selectivity for inhibition of MAO type A. Decarboxylation of FMMT was demonstrated in vitro using hog kidney AADC and in vivo in rats by the ability of alpha-monofluoromethyldopa (MFMD), a potent inhibitor of AADC, to prevent MAO inhibition produced by FMMT. In isolated synaptosomes, FMMT was decarboxylated by AADC, and, furthermore, the compound was actively transported into these isolated nerve endings. An active transport into the CNS has also been demonstrated in vivo by performing competition experiments with leucine. To demonstrate that FMMT is preferentially decarboxylated within monoamine nerves of the CNS, the nigrostriatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) pathway of rats was unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine or infused with MFMD. Under these conditions, MAO inhibition produced by orally administered FMMT in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion or infusion was markedly attenuated. Combination of FMMT with an inhibitor of extracerebral AADC, such as carbidopa, protected peripheral organs against the MAO inhibitory effects and concomitantly enhanced MAO inhibition in the CNS. Such combinations had a greatly reduced propensity to augment the cardiovascular effects of intraduodenally administered tyramine, when compared with FMMT given alone or with clorgyline, a selective inhibitor of MAO type A. The results obtained with FMMT suggest the possibility of achieving selective inhibition of MAO within monoamine nerves of the CNS and, further, suggest that combination of FMMT with an inhibitor of extracerebral AADC will reduce the propensity of this inhibitor to produce adverse interactions with tyramine.
<title>Simultaneous strain and temperature measurements in composites using extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric and intrinsic rare-earth-doped fiber sensors</title> (1998)

This paper reports on a novel optical fiber-based sensing scheme for conducting simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. The sensor design involved the use of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric strain sensor and a rare-earth doped fiber fluorescence decay-time based temperature sensor. The combined sensors were embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced composite system and evaluated. The feasibility of using this embedded sensor configuration for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements was demonstrated.
GaN ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes with optical gain greater than 1000 grown on GaN substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (2006)

We report the performance of GaN p-i-n ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes grown on bulk GaN substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The low dislocation density in the devices enables low reverse-bias dark currents prior to avalanche breakdown for ∼30μm diameter mesa photodetectors. The photoresponse is relatively independent of the bias voltage prior to the onset of avalanche gain which occurs at an electric field of ∼2.8MV∕cm. The magnitude of the reverse-bias breakdown voltage shows a positive temperature coefficient of ∼0.05V∕K, confirming that the avalanche breakdown mechanism dominates. With ultraviolet illumination at λ∼360nm, devices with mesa diameters of ∼50μm achieve stable maximum optical gains greater than 1000. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest optical gain achieved for GaN-based avalanche photodiodes and the largest area III-N avalance photodetectors yet reported.
Speech technology and applications in the intelligent network (2003)

The authors describe how the new A-I-Net Service Circuit Node (SCN), a programmable platform that serves as a multiservice switch adjunct, can provide various advanced information services to users through the use of highly specialized voice service circuits. They briefly describe three key speech technologies for information services: low-bit-rate-voice-coding, text-to-speech synthesis, and automatic speech recognition. The SCN platform and how it can take advantage of new service interface technologies are considered. Services are described as a set of five distinct categories of call handling capabilities supported by the SCN. Each category of service is illustrated with a service that uses one or more of the speech processing technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A File System All Its Own (2013)

In the past five years, flash memory has progressed from a promising accelerator, whose place in the data center was still uncertain, to an established enterprise component for storing performance-critical data. It’s rise to prominence followed its proliferation in the consumer world and the volume economics that followed (see figure 1). With SSDs (solid-state devices), flash arrived in a form optimized for compatibility - just replace a hard drive with an SSD for radically better performance. But the properties of the NAND flash memory used by SSDs differ significantly from those of the magnetic media in the hard drives they often displace. While SSDs have become more pervasive in a variety of uses, the industry has only just started to design storage systems that embrace the nuances of flash memory. As it escapes the confines of compatibility, significant improvements in performance, reliability, and cost are possible.
Inhibition of CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel by Imidazolines and Their Precursors (1998)

Abstract A study of the mechanism of corrosion inhibition of mild steel by imidazolines and their precursors in a CO2 containing environment is carried out using Rotating Cylinder Electrode (RCE) and Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) technique. Corrosion rate-time/concentration profiles (LPR) and minimum effective concentrations (MEC) obtained for a series of imidazolines and amides are discussed in terms of the respective contributions of their constituent parts (imidazoline ring, amide/amine group, hydrocarbon chain) to the overall corrosion inhibition. The formation of the inhibitor film is described in terms of bilayer/multilayer film model.
A control-based framework for self-managing distributed computing systems (2004)

This paper describes an online control framework to design self-managing distributed computing systems that continually optimize their performance in response to changing computing demands and environmental conditions. An online control technique is used in conjunction with predictive filters to tune the performance of individual system components based on their forecast behavior. In a distributed setting, a global controller is used to manage the interaction between components such that overall system requirements are satisfied.
Partial MDS (PMDS) and Sector-Disk (SD) codes that tolerate the erasure of two random sectors (2014)

Partial MDS (PMDS) codes are erasure codes combining local (row) correction with global additional correction of entries, while Sector-Disk (SD) codes are erasure codes that address the mixed failure mode of current RAID systems. It has been an open problem to construct general codes that have the PMDS and the SD properties, and previous work has relied on Monte-Carlo searches. In this paper, we present a general construction that addresses the case of any number of failed disks and in addition, two erased sectors. The construction requires a modest field size. This result generalizes previous constructions extending RAID 5 and RAID 6.
Formaldehyde-treated casein–safflower oil supplement for dairy cows: II. Effect on the fatty-acid composition of plasma and milk lipids (1972)

Summary This study reports the effect of feeding formaldehyde-treated or untreated spray-dried casein–safflower oil (1:1, w/w) particles on the fatty-acid composition of milk and plasma lipids of cows. When the formaldehyde-treated particles were given to Jersey, Sahiwal and Jersey × Sahiwal crossbred cows (1 kg per cow per day) the linoleic acid (18:2) present in the safflower oil was not hydrogenated by the rumen micro-organisms and was incorporated into milk fat. When the untreated supplement was fed, however, the 18:2 fatty acid was hydrogenated in the rumen and there was an increased proportion of octadecenoic acid (18:1) in the milk fat. The increased proportions of 18:2 (treated supplement) and 18:1 (untreated supplement) were associated with decreased proportions of palmitic (16:0) and myristic (14:0) acids in the milk fat. All 3 breeds showed similar responses. The fatty-acid composition of plasma triglycerides, which are an important source of long-chain fatty acids for mammary-gland lipogenesis, was similarly affected. Furthermore, there were significant changes in the fatty-acid composition of other plasma lipids (e.g. phospholipids and cholesteryl esters). The interrelationships between dietary, plasma and milk fatty-acid compositions are discussed.
Dual-beam incoherent cross-correlation spectroscopy (1995)

An incoherent dynamic light-scattering technique is developed to measure the local velocity and its statistics. By employing two parallel laser beams of different colors, the technique measures the cross-correlation function of the scattered intensities from two separate illuminating volumes. Because there is no phase coherence between the two laser beams, the measured cross-correlation function is sensitive only to the intensity fluctuations caused by a seed particle that crosses the two beams in succession. The flow velocity is obtained from the measured particle transit time. We frame the scattering theory so as to account for the two-beam scattering geometry. Our experiment verifies the calculation and demonstrates applications of the technique. The method has the unique feature of being able to measure simultaneously the local velocity in two opposite directions perpendicular to the incident laser beams. Its advantages are high spatial resolution and accuracy, fast temporal response, and ease of use. The technique is useful in studies of turbulent flows, sedimentation of heavy particles, and flow phenomena in complex fluids.
Control of PCDD/PCDF emissions from municipal-waste combustion systems (reannouncement) (1990)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery is a continuing source of morbidity and mortality. Although several studies have attempted to determine its etiology and prophylactic measures, limited data exist after thoracic aortic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of AKI in patients undergoing aortic root replacement (ARR) with valve conduit for ascending aorta aneurysms. A multi-center observational study of 414 patients undergoing ARR with a valve conduit was conducted, focusing on clinical outcome and AKI defined by consensus RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss of function, end-stage renal disease) criteria. Mean age was 62.5 years (range: 21-82 years) with 327 males (79%). Emergent operations were performed in 5% of the cases, while concomitant surgical procedures were performed in 24.9%. Postoperative AKI (all RIFLE classes) occurred in 69 (16.7%) patients, while eight (1.9%) required dialysis. Independent AKI predictors were packed red blood cells (pRBCs) >4 units (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.20-4.30), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time longer than 180 min (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.16-3.73), and concomitant surgical procedures (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.04-3.29). The severity of RIFLE class was associated with longer ICU stay, hospitalization, and higher hospital mortality (p < 0.001 for each variable). AKI after ARR operations with valve conduit for ascending aorta aneurysms increases utilization of health resources and is associated with adverse events. Concomitant surgical procedures, prolonged CPB-time, and pRBCs >4 units as independent AKI predictors merit further researches enhancing possible preventive strategies.
Exploring Models and Mechanisms for Exchanging Resources in a Federated Cloud (2014)

One of the key benefits of Cloud systems is their ability to provide elastic, on-demand (seemingly infinite) computing capability and performance for supporting service delivery. With the resource availability in single data centres proving to be limited, the option of obtaining extra-resources from a collection of Cloud providers has appeared as an efficacious solution. The ability to utilize resources from multiple Cloud providers is also often mentioned as a means to: (i) prevent vendor lock in, (ii) to enable in house capacity to be combined with an external Cloud provider, (iii) combine specialist capability from multiple Cloud vendors (especially when one vendor does not offer such capability or where such capability may come at a higher price). Such federation of Cloud systems can therefore overcome a limit in capacity and enable providers to dynamically increase the availability of resources to serve requests. We describe and evaluate the establishment of such a federation using a CometCloud based implementation, and consider a number of federation policies with associated scenarios and determine the impact of such policies on the overall status of our system. CometCloud provides an overlay that enables multiple types of Cloud systems (both public and private) to be federated through the use of specialist gateways. We describe how two physical sites, in the UK and the US, can be federated in a seamless way using this system.
Application of Feedback Linearization Method in Airplane Automatic Landing Control System (2004)

Summarizes the I/O feedback linearization about MIMO system, and applies it to nonlinear control equation of airplane. And also designs the tracing control laws for airplane longitudinal automatic landing control system.
Pancreatic Islet Progenitor Cells in Neurogenin 3-Yellow Fluorescent Protein Knock-Add-On Mice (2004)

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (NGN3) controls endocrine cell fate specification in uncommitted pancreatic progenitor cells. Ngn3-deficient mice do not develop any islet cells and are diabetic. All the major islet cell types, including insulin-producing beta-cells, derive from Ngn3-positive endocrine progenitor cells. Therefore, the characterization of this population of immature cells is of particular interest for the development of novel strategies for cell replacement therapies in type 1 diabetes. To explore further the biology of islet progenitor cells we have generated a mouse in which Ngn3-expressing cells are labeled with the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) using a knock-add-on strategy. In this approach, the EYFP cDNA is introduced into the 3'-untranslated region of the proendocrine transcription factor, Neurogenin 3, without deleting any endogenous coding or regulatory sequences. In Ngn3(EYFP/+) and Ngn3(EYFP/EYFP) mice, the EYFP protein is targeted to Ngn3-expressing progenitors in the developing pancreas, and islets develop normally. Islet progenitors can be purified from whole embryonic pancreas by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from Ngn3(EYFP/+) mice and their development can be monitored in real time in pancreas explant cultures. These experiments showed that endocrine progenitors can form de novo and expand, in vitro, in the absence of signals from the surrounding mesenchyme, suggesting that endocrine commitment is a default pathway. The Ngn3(EYFP) mice represent a valuable tool to study islet cell development and neogenesis in normal and diabetic animals as well as for the determination of the conditions to generate beta-cells in vitro.
Feature extraction and image retrieval based on AlexNet (2016)

Convolutional Neural Network is a hot research topic in image recognition. The latest research shows that Deep CNN model is good at extracting features and representing images. This capacity is applied to image retrieval in this paper. We study on the significance of each layer and do image retrieval experiments on the fusion features. Caffe framework and AlexNet model were used to extract the feature information about images. Two public image datasets, Inria Holidays and Oxford Buildings, were used in our experiment to search for the influence of different datasets. The results showed the fusion feature of Deep CNN model can improve the result of image retrieval and should apply different weights for different datasets.
Vascular changes in mouse tumors following endothelial cell targeted therapy (2006)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mitogen and survival signal for endothelial cells. Withdrawal of VEGF can lead to vascular changes and tumor stasis. However, the degree of response to VEGF targeted therapy is tumor dependent and little is known regarding what factors determine sensitivity to VEGF withdrawal measured by tumor progression. We analyzed the vasculature within mmtv-Her2 driven mammary tumors, which show varying degree of response to anti-VEGF therapy. Interestingly, responsiveness measured by tumor progression appears to correlate with vascular morphology and density in the tumor cohort prior to treatment. Vascular marker analysis revealed that inhibiting VEGF leads to a change in vascular molecular profile independent of tumor progression. Furthermore, targeting a tumor vascular ECM factor EGFL7 in combination with anti-VEGF enhances the vascular response. We conclude that VEGF withdrawal changes the molecular characteristics of endothelial cells, and targeting other vascular factors may enhance the vascular response.
Evaluation of image quality of ultrasound scanners in medical diagnostics. (1990)

The evaluation of the properties of ultrasound diagnostic scanners has not yet been standardized. Because the image itself is the basis of diagnostic decisions, it should also be the basis of evaluation of the capabilities of scanners. This study is aimed to help the standardization work by suggesting a procedure for testing the image quality of the scanners. The image quality depends on the tissue resolution, which is difficult to determine without real tissue studies. Therefore, the presented testing procedure consists of two parts: first, lateral and longitudinal resolution, image uniformity, sensitivity, and cyst and tumor imaging are determined by phantom tests; second, imaging experiments of formalin-fixed tissue samples are used to give information on the imaging capability of selected tissue details and boundaries. The procedure has been carried out by an experimental comparative test of 30 scanner and transducer combinations. The role of real tissue tests is important. A reliable whole-body phantom, including liquids flowing in veins, would be a breakthrough in testing real-time image quality.
Dynamics of Change in Total and Regional Body Composition After Gastric Bypass in Obese Patients (2009)

Little is known on patterns of change over time in body composition, especially lean body mass (LBM), during massive weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in obese patients. We performed sequential measurements of total and regional body composition in patients after RYGB, and we compared a subsample of patients after surgery to a nonsurgical control group of similar age and body fatness. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after RYGB in 42 obese women (before surgery: age 39.5 +/- 11.6 years; BMI 44.6 +/- 6.1 kg/m(2); mean +/- s.d.) and in 48 control obese women referred for nonsurgical weight management, before weight loss. During 1-year follow-up after RYGB, there was a continuous decrease in body weight (-36.0 +/- 12.5 kg at 1 year), total fat mass (FM) (-26.0 +/- 9.1 kg), as well as in trunk and appendicular FM. In contrast, the decrease in total LBM (-9.8 +/- 4.8 kg at 1 year), as well as in trunk and appendicular LBM, plateaued after 3-6 months. Rates of loss in weight, FM, and LBM were highest during the first 3-month period after RYGB (6.4 +/- 1.8, 4.1 +/- 1.7, and 2.3 +/- 1.2 kg/month, respectively), then decreased continuously for FM but plateaued for LBM. There was no evidence of a decrease in total, trunk, or appendicular LBM in weight-reduced subjects compared to the control group. In conclusion, follow-up of these obese women revealed a differential pattern of change in FM and LBM after RYGB. Despite an important loss in LBM, especially during the 3-6 months of initial period, LBM appears to be spared thereafter.
MPiLoc: Self-Calibrating Multi-Floor Indoor Localization Exploiting Participatory Sensing (2017)

While location is one of the most important context information in mobile and pervasive computing, large-scale deployment of indoor localization system remains elusive. In this work, we propose MPiLoc, a multi-floor indoor localization system that utilizes data contributed by smartphone users through participatory sensing for automatic floor plan and radio map construction. Our system does not require manual calibration, prior knowledge, or infrastructure support. The key novelty of MPiLoc is that it clusters and merges walking trajectories annotated with sensor and signal strengths to derive a map of walking paths annotated with radio signal strengths in multi-floor indoor environments. We evaluate MPiLoc over five different indoor areas. Evaluation shows that our system can derive indoor maps for various indoor environments in multi-floor settings and achieve an average localization error of 1.82 m.
Psychrotrophic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCYC 789 mediates the synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles via cell-associated melanin (2013)

A psychrotrophic marine strain of the ascomycetous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (NCYC 789) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a cell-associated manner. These nanostructures were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis. The brown pigment (melanin) involved in metal-interactions was obtained from the cells. This extracted pigment also mediated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles that were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques. The melanin-derived nanoparticles displayed antibiofilm activity. This paper thus reports the synthesis of AgNPs by the biotechnologically important yeast Y. lipolytica; proposes a possible mechanism involved in the synthetic process and describes the use of the bio-inspired nanoparticles as antibiofilm agents.