gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core/shell Cu/FePtCu nanoparticles with face-centered tetragonal texture: An active and stable low-Pt catalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction (2018)

Low-Pt based nanocrystals demonstrate potential as highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but they suffer from undesirable structural degradation. Therefore, it is highly challenging to optimize their surface and interfacial structures to tune their catalytic properties for both activity and stability. Here core–shell Cu/FePtCu nanoparticles with a face-centered-tetragonal phase are prepared by a facile one–pot polyol method at 320 °C. The optimized core–shell Fe45Pt35Cu20 catalyst with Pt-enriched surface exhibits 0.5 A/mgPt mass activity, which is a factor of 4 better than that of commercial Pt/C (0.13 A/mgPt). In addition, the current density of the catalyst drops only 3.0% after 1000 cycles, which is much better than Pt/C (34.2% decay). Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomically resolved elemental mapping, the morphology and structure evolving between the FePtCu alloy and core–shell Cu/FePtCu could clearly be explained. This work demonstrates that an ordered and core–shell FePtCu catalyst is highly promising for ORR and other electrochemical processes.
Direct immunometric assay of active renin in human plasma. (1985)

None of the methods currently available can detect the small numbers of active renin (AR) molecules present in plasma. Among seven monoclonal antibodies (Ab), two Abs were selected which did not recognize the same epitope and could be used in a sandwich assay. The first monoclonal Ab, 3E8, binds soluble renin (B 50% = 1 x 10(-10) mol/l) and does not inhibit its enzymatic activity. It was coupled to magnetic beads (Magnogel) and was used to trap both active and inactive renin from 250 microliters plasma. The second Ab, 4G1, binds renin (B 50% = 3.5 x 10(-10) mol/l), inhibits its enzymatic activity, and recognizes inactive renin less than AR. It was iodinated and used to detect AR trapped on Magnogel by the first Ab during a 4-h incubation. The assay can detect 16 pg/ml in human plasma and is highly reproducible. The AR level of 15 normotensive subjects, aged 20-45 years, in an upright posture and on a normal sodium intake, was found to be 41 +/- 18 pg/ml (MRC renin standard). The plasmas were trypsin-activated and their total renin levels were measured with the same pair of monoclonal Abs. The mean value of 286 +/- 142 pg/ml is similar to the value obtained by other assay systems which measure total renin with Abs recognizing both active and inactive renin. The direct measurement of AR provides a convenient and standardized method, since the production of the two monoclonal Abs is unlimited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is a Key Mediator in the Development of T Cell Priming and Its Polarization to Type 1 and Type 17 T Helper Cells in the Airways (2009)

Chronic inflammatory airway diseases including asthma are characterized by immune dysfunction to inhaled allergens. Our previous studies demonstrated that T cell priming to inhaled allergens requires LPS, which is ubiquitously present in household dust allergens. In this study, we evaluated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the development of T cell priming and its polarization to Th1 or Th17 cells when exposed to LPS-contaminated allergens. An asthma mouse model was induced by airway sensitization with LPS-contaminated allergens and then challenged with allergens alone. Therapeutic intervention was performed during allergen sensitization. The present study showed that lung inflammation induced by sensitization with LPS-contaminated allergens was decreased in mice with homozygous disruption of the IL-17 gene; in addition, allergen-specific Th17 immune response was abolished in IL-6 knockout mice. Meanwhile, in vivo production of VEGF was up-regulated by airway exposure of LPS. In addition, airway sensitization of allergen plus recombinant VEGF induced both type 1 and type 17 Th cell (Th1 and Th17) responses. Th1 and Th17 responses induced by airway sensitization with LPS-contaminated allergens were blocked by treatment with a pan-VEGF receptor (VEGFR; VEGFR-1 plus VEGFR-2) inhibitor during sensitization. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of the production of Th1 and Th17 polarizing cytokines, IL-12p70 and IL-6, respectively. These findings indicate that VEGF produced by LPS plays a key role in activation of naive T cells and subsequent polarization to Th1 and Th17 cells.
Standardization of human stem cell pluripotency using bioinformatics (2013)

The study of cell differentiation, embryonic development, and personalized regenerative medicine are all possible through the use of human stem cells. The propensity for these cells to differentiate into all three germ layers of the body with the potential to generate any cell type opens a number of promising avenues for studying human development and disease. One major hurdle to the development of high-throughput production of human stem cells for use in regenerative medicine has been standardization of pluripotency assays. In this review we discuss technologies currently being deployed to produce standardized, high-quality stem cells that can be scaled for high-throughput derivation and screening in regenerative medicine applications. We focus on assays for pluripotency using bioinformatics and gene expression profiling. We review a number of approaches that promise to improve unbiased prediction of utility of both human induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells.
Viologen Catalyst for Direct-Carbohydrate Fuel Cell (2008)

Investigation of viologen-based organic catalysts has shown them to be capable of directly oxidizing various sugars. Methyl viologen has been studied using oxygen uptake vial experiments, NMR analysis, and electrochemical methods. We have found that under appropriate conditions this catalyst is capable of completely oxidizing glucose to form carbonate. The preliminary performance of this catalyst in an alkaline fuel cell is also demonstrated.
Concurrent and distributed garbage collection of active objects (1995)

This paper shows how to perform concurrent and distributed automatic garbage collection of objects possessing their own thread of control. The relevance of garbage collection and active objects to distributed applications is briefly discussed and the specific model of active objects used in the paper is explained. The collector is comprised of independent local collectors, one per node, and a distributed global collector. The mutator (application), the local collectors and the global collector run concurrently. An important part of this paper is the detailed presentation of the algorithms necessary to achieve correct concurrent operation among the collectors and between the collectors and the mutator. The collector builds on previous algorithms for taking snapshots in distributed systems and for detecting termination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Particle Beam Aqueous Sample Introduction for Hollow Cathode Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle Beam Aqueous Sample Introduction for Hollow Cathode Atomic Emission SpectroscopyJianzhang. You, James C. Fanning, and R. Kenneth. MarcusCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 22, 3916–3924Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00094a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00094a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Summary and Findings from the NREL/DOE Hydrogen Sensor Workshop (June 8, 2011) (2012)

On June 8, 2011, DOE/NREL hosted a hydrogen sensor workshop attended by nearly forty participants from private organizations, government facilities, and academic institutions . The workshop participants represented a cross section of stakeholders in the hydrogen community, including sensor developers, end users, site safety officials, and code and standards developers. The goals of the workshopwere to identify critical applications for the emerging hydrogen infrastructure that require or would benefit from hydrogen sensors, to assign performance specifications for sensor deployed in each application, and to identify shortcomings or deficiencies (i.e., technical gaps) in the ability of current sensor technology to meet the assigned performance requirements.
Oxygen Plasma Induced Hierarchically Structured Gold Electrocatalyst for Selective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide (2014)

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C1 products with high energy density has attracted attention due to the demands for renewable energy sources. Herein, we demonstrate a selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction system where the cathode consists of hierarchically structured Au islands catalysts. To be more specific, the Au islands were prepared by oxygen plasma treatment on the Au foil to increase the current density for the selective production of carbon monoxide with over 95% of faradaic efficiency. Faradaic efficiency, production rate, and the onset potential for CO2 reduction were significantly improved by the expanded surface area compared with a polycrystalline Au electrode. Furthermore, the performance of CO2 reduction to CO was enhanced by adding ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) which has high CO2-capture ability and catalytic activity. On the other hand, the rate-determining step of the Au electrode for the CO production determined by Tafel plots was found to be consistent with the initial one electron transfer step to form the surface-adsorbed CO2•– intermediates regardless of the application of hierarchically structured catalyst and ionic liquid in the CO2 reduction system.
Structure-activity studies of antitumor agents based on pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles: new reductive alkylating DNA cleaving agents (1991)

Described herein are structure-activity studies of new antitumor agents based on the pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole (PBI) ring system. These compounds were designed as new DNA cross-linkers mimicking the mitomycin antitumor agents. Actually, the PBI derivatives were found to have anthracycline-like features: (i) shared cross resistance with doxorubicin in a human myeloma line, (ii) cardiotoxicity, and (iii) excellent DNA strand cleaving capability. The DNA strand cleavage is thought to result from reductive alkylation of DNA followed by the generation of reactive oxygen radicals. The best antitumor agent studied is 6-N-aziridinyl-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo- [1,2-a]benzimidazole-5,8-dione 3-acetate (PBI-A), which possesses nanomolar IC50 values against various human ovarian and colon cancer cell lines.
Continuous Determination of Oil Pipeline Watercut, Salinity, and API Gravity Regardless of Gas Fraction: The Microwave Watercut Monitor (1992)

ABSTRACT The Texaco Microwave Watercut Monitor, (TMWM, STARCUT™) is a new technology currently in field applications for the continuous measurement of the percent water in crude oil production streams over the entire 0 to 100% range. The TMWM is a continuous recording watercut monitor functioning from 0 to 100 % watercut regardless of temperature, salinity, crude oil API gravity and the presence of gas. The monitor can continuously report emulsion status (water- or oil-continuous), salinity, density of the hydrocarbon phase and, in some cases, estimate gas fraction. Operator interaction is minimized by features such as automatic self-calibration, unattended operation at remote locations, remote access options through SCADA systems and self-starting after power outages. Safe operation in oilfield locations is assured by the design which has been approved as Intrinsically Safe for use in Class 1, Division 1 areas. Field and laboratory data is presented which demonstrates instrument performance over a wide variety of conditions including slug flow, free gas and salinity and crude density changes.
Experiments with a coroutine execution model for genetic programming (2002)

The genetic programming methodology is expanded with a coroutine model for the synchronous, parallel execution of the individual programs in the population. For certain classes of problem, namely those that support fitness comparison between individuals which are in a state of execution, this model allows the removal of execution time and iteration limits. Populations can then tolerate individuals with infinite loops (or in a suitable environment, infinite recursion), while still allowing evolutionary progress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pd membrane with low metal content for hydrogen separation and a catalytic membrane reactor combined with a microwave heating system (2011)

For use in a microwave heating system, a pore-filling type Pd membrane was prepared. This membrane was constructed by embedding Pd nanoparticles in micropores of an alumina support tube. Pd loading of 0.10 g/m2 was sufficient for both microwave heating and stopping gas leak. The amount of Pd converted into an equivalent thickness gives a thin metal membrane of 0.07 μm, suggesting a reduction in the amount of Pd in comparison with conventional thin membranes. The Pd membrane was easily heated to 700 K by microwave radiation. The temperature was precisely controlled by changing the microwave power, indicating effective control of the H2 permeation rate. In addition, this Pd membrane can be used as a catalytic membrane. As the model reaction, hydrogenation of benzene and toluene were demonstrated under microwave radiation.
Production Forecasting and Analysis for Unconventional Resources (2013)

Abstract Horizontal well drilling with multistage fracturing technology has been the common practice to develop unconventional resources. During the development of such resources, we are often faced with the following questions: How can we optimize the stimulation treatment? How much can the well produce? What are the production data telling us? Answering these questions requires technologies and tools to be able to forecast and analyze the production behavior of fractured wells. We investigate the physics and mathematics involved in production forecasts of both planar fractures and fracture networks that are generated due to stress isotropy and pre-existing natural fractures. We use analytical methods because they give rigorous yet very fast solutions. Since simulation expertise is not required to use our model, it is an accessible tool for multiple disciplines. A new nodal analysis approach is proposed for unconventional resources. Production forecasting enables the optimization of a well stimulation treatment, and helps to determine, for example, the number of fracture stages and the amount of proppant to use. Case studies illustrate the concept and some of the practical aspects of fractured well production, such as the impact of propped conductivity and unpropped conductivity. The composite workflow for diagnosis and analysis of production data specific to unconventional resources was applied to real case examples. The workflow involves flow regime identification, decline curve analysis, and rate transient analysis. The workflow is easily scaled from single-well level to well clusters to full field implementation.
Synthesis of Lactam and Acetamido Analogues of Sialyl Lewis x Tetrasaccharide and Lewis x Trisaccharide (1998)

Virtually complete regioselective galactosylation of the diol acceptor p-methoxyphenyl 6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-d-glucopyranoside (15) with the donors ethyl 3,4-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-[[(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (14), 4methylphenyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-azido-6-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (30), and 4-methylphenyl 2-O-acetyl-4-azido-6-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-3-O-(methoxyethanoyl)-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (44) gave the lactose-diamine derivatives 16, 33, and 45, respectively. Fucosylation of the NHAc derivatives of 16 and 33 (17 and 34) with the donor 18 gave, after deprotection and N-acetylation, the 2-NHAc-Lex and 4-NHAc-Lex trisaccharides 3 and 5, respectively. Removal of the Troc group from the tetrasaccharide intermediate 23, followed by N-acetylation (→ 24), gave the NHAc-SLex tetrasaccharide 2. Regioselective sialylation of the partially protected trisaccharide diols 21 and 37 with the sialyl donors 22 and 38 gave, after deprotection and lactamization, the SLex-1‘‘‘→2‘-lactam 1 and the SLex-1‘‘‘→4‘-lactam 4, respectively. The stannylidene acetal of the trisaccharide diol 21 was regioselectively 3-O-alkylated with tert-butyl bromoacetate; reductive removal of the Troc protecting group and addition of methanolic MeONa caused formation of a lactam ring. Compound 40 was thus obtained over four steps in an overall yield of 52%. Deprotection of 40 furnished the Lex-3,2-lactam 6 in 74% yield. Fucosylation of the lactose−diamine derivative 46 with donor 18 gave the N3-Lex trisaccharide derivative 47. The azido function of 47 was reduced with H2S, which caused spontaneous closure of a lactam ring. Removal of the protecting groups then gave the Lex-3,4-lactam 7. The total yields of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 from the monosaccharide starting materials 14, 15, 18, 22, 30, 38, and 44 were 10%, 10%, 22%, 14%, 62%, and 28%, respectively.
Differential photo-acoustic gas cell based on LTCC for ppm gas sensing (2010)

Silicon MEMS cantilever-based photoacoustic technology allows for the sensing of ultra low gas concentrations with very wide dynamic range. The sensitivity enhancement is achieved with a cantilever microphone system in which the cantilever displacement is probed with an optical interferometer providing a pico-meter resolution. In the gas sensor, the silicon cantilever microphone is placed in a two-chamber differential gas cell. By monitoring differential pressure changes between the two chambers, the differential cell operates as a differential infra-red detector for optical absorption signals through a measurement and reference path. The differential pressure signal is proportional to gas concentration in the optical measurement path. We have designed, implemented and tested a differential photo-acoustic gas cell based on Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) multilayer substrate technology. Standard LTCC technology enables implementation of 2.5D structures including holes, cavities and channels into the electronic substrate. The implemented differential photoacoustic gas cell structure includes two 10 mm long cylindrical cells, diameter of 2.4 mm. Reflectance measurements of the cell showed that reflectivity of the substrate material can be improved by a factor 15 - 90 in the 3 - 8 μm spectral region using gold or silver paste coatings. A transparent window is required in the differential gas cell structure in order to probe the displacement of the silicon cantilever. The transparent sapphire window was sealed to the LTCC substrate using two methods: screen printed Au80/Sn20 solder paste and pre-attached glass solder paste (Diemat DM2700P/H848). Both methods were shown to provide hermetic sealing of sapphire windows to LTCC substrate. The measured He-leak rate for the 10 sealed test samples implemented using glass paste were under 2.0 ×10<sup>-9</sup> atm×cm3/s, which meets the requirement for the leak rate according to MIL-STD 883. The achieved hermeticity level suggests that the proof-of-principle packaging demonstrator paves the way for implementing a novel differential photoacoustic gas cell for a future miniature gas sensor module. The future module consisting of a sample gas cell and immersion lens IR LEDs together with interferometric probing of the cantilever microphone is expected to be capable of measuring ultra low concentrations of a wide range of gases with their fundamental absorption bands at 3 - 7 μm wavelength, such as CO, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>.
Effect of arm number and arm molecular weight on the solid-state morphology of poly(styrene-isoprene) star block copolymers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of arm number and arm molecular weight on the solid-state morphology of poly(styrene-isoprene) star block copolymersDavid B. Alward, David J. Kinning, Edward L. Thomas, and Lewis J. FettersCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 1, 215–224Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00155a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00155a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1163Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Paul Valadier, La condition chrétienne. Du monde sans en être. 2003 (2003)

Boné Édouard. Paul Valadier, La condition chrétienne. Du monde sans en être. 2003. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 34ᵉ année, fasc. 3, 2003. pp. 404-405.