gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A presumed deletion covering the<i>W</i>and<i>Ph</i>loci of the mouse (1984)

SUMMARY A new allele at the W -locus ( W 19 H ), found in a mutagenesis experiment in which females were irradiated, involves a presumed deletion. The deletion covers the Ph locus (which forms part of a gene complex with the W , Ph and Rw loci), and the locus of a recessive lethal 2 cM distal to W . It does not extend distally to the bl locus; nor does it involve the Rw locus, W 19 H / Rw compounds being viable and fertile. Thus, the length of the deletion is 2–7 cM. The non-involvement of Rw shows that, in the gene triplet Rw , W , Ph , Rw must lie proximal to W and Ph , whose relative position remains unknown. Heteozygotes for W 19 H are not anaemic, show only minimal white spotting and no pigment dilution; they thus resemble heterozygotes for the original W mutant allele and differ from W / Ph trans heterozygotes, which have extensive white spotting. In addition W 19 H heterozygotes may be small and runted, many are believed to die prenatally, and some in the nest. Their radiosensitivity is increased. Homozygotes die at the pre-implantation stage.
Selection of Nickel, Nickel-Copper, Nickel-Chromium, and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (1993)

Abstract This article discusses the general welding characteristics and metallurgical welding considerations that play an important function during the welding of nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-chromium, and nickel-chromium-iron alloys.
You cannot be serious! Public understanding of technology with special reference to “Hawk-Eye” (2008)

Public understanding of science, though it approaches the specialist knowledge of experts only in rare circumstances, can be enhanced more broadly in respect of the processes of science and technology. The public understanding of measurement errors and confidence intervals could be enhanced if “sports decision aids,” such as the Hawk-Eye system, were to present their results in a different way. There is a danger that Hawk-Eye as used could inadvertently cause naïve viewers to overestimate the ability of technological devices to resolve disagreement among humans because measurement errors are not made salient. For example, virtual reconstructions can easily be taken to show “exactly what really happened.” Suggestions are made for how confidence levels might be measured and represented and “health warnings” attached to reconstructions. A general principle for the use of sports decision aids is put forward. A set of open questions about Hawk-Eye is presented which, if answered, could help inform discussions of its use and accuracy.
yue nan wei jin qiang yu chan ye lian fa zhan chuang zao ji hui (2015)

最近,越南农业与农村发展部指导各职能机构集中采取各项配套措施,以确保推进金枪鱼产业链的发展。越南水产总局的数据显示,目前区的出口均有下滑,而对东盟国家的出口却在增加。到今年第二季度,越南金枪鱼对若干市场的出口呈现复苏态势,截至今年5月份,金枪鱼出口总
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-dysidin, a marine metabolite containing an N-acyl-O-methyltetramic acid (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-dysidin, a marine metabolite containing an N-acyl-O-methyltetramic acidPaul G. Williard and Stephen E. De LaszloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 19, 3489–3493Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00193a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00193a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<b>BELL1<i> and </i>AGAMOUS<i> genes promote ovule identity in </i>Arabidopsis thaliana</b> (1999)

Molecular and genetic analyses have demonstrated that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene BELL1 (BEL1) is required for proper morphogenesis of the ovule integuments. Several lines of evidence suggest that BEL1 may act, at least in part, to repress the function of the organ identity gene AGAMOUS (AG) during ovule development. To study the relative roles of BEL1 and AG, plants homozygous for ag, bel1 or both were constructed in an ap2 mutant background where ovules form even in the absence of AG function. The loss of either BEL1 or AG led to a decrease in the number of mature ovules, accompanied by an increase in primordial outgrowths. These data suggest that BEL1 and AG gene products act early in ovule development in a partially redundant manner to direct ovule identity. Development of the abnormal integuments characteristic of the Bel1- mutant phenotype was found to be dependent on AG function. Finally, BEL1 appears to be required for embryo sac development independent of both other aspects of ovule morphogenesis and AG function. This study therefore suggests that both BEL1 and AG are required for several distinct aspects of ovule morphogenesis.
A Background Calibration Technique to Control the Bandwidth of Digital PLLs (2018)

This paper presents a technique to regulate the bandwidth of digital phase-locked loops (PLLs), where a fully digital automatic control circuit, running in background, is used to desensitize loop gain from analog parameters. The method that is based on an adaptive least-mean-squares algorithm requires no injection of a training sequence, potentially degrading phase noise performance, and is suitable in particular for bang-bang PLLs, where the bandwidth depends on the input noise. The operating principle is first introduced and discussed with the help of an intuitive time-domain model, and the algorithm extension addressing the practical implementation issues associated with loop latency is then presented. The calibration circuit is embedded in a 65-nm CMOS digital PLL that achieves 400-fs integrated rms jitter with a power consumption of 4.5 mW. The algorithm enables digital programmability of loop bandwidth from 100 kHz to 2 MHz with an error below 1 dB between the theoretical and measured PLL noise transfer functions.
Applied Research in Weather Forecasting * (1952)

A brief general analysis is made of the aims, methods, and uses of applied research in weather forecasting. The relationship between basic research in meteorology and applied forecasting research is discussed and the common ground between the two is pointed out.
Measuring the Burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Global Burden of Disease Framework (2007)

Reliable, comparable information about the main causes of disease and injury in populations, and how these are changing, is a critical input for debates about priorities in the health sector. Traditional sources of information about the descriptive epidemiology of diseases, injuries, and risk factors are generally incomplete, fragmented, and of uncertain reliability and comparability. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has provided a conceptual and methodological framework to quantify and compare the health of populations using a summary measure of both mortality and disability, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY).This paper describes key features of the Global Burden of Disease analytic approach, which provides a standardized measurement framework to permit comparisons across diseases and injuries, as well as risk factors, and a systematic approach to the evaluation of data. The paper describes the evolution of the GBD, starting from the first study for the year 1990, summarizes the methodological improvements incorporated into GBD revisions for the years 2000-2004 carried out by the World Health Organization, and examines priorities and issues for the next major GBD study, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and commencing in 2007.The paper presents an overview of summary results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2002, with a particular focus on the neglected tropical diseases, and also an overview of the comparative risk assessment for 26 global risk factors. Taken together, trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, intestinal nematode infections, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and leprosy accounted for an estimated 177,000 deaths worldwide in 2002, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, and about 20 million DALYs, or 1.3% of the global burden of disease and injuries. Further research is currently underway to revise and update these estimates.
Immune complexes as therapy for autoimmunity (2005)

For several decades, intravenous Ig has been used as treatment for a variety of immune-related diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune neuropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, skin blistering syndromes, and Kawasaki disease. Despite years of use, its mechanism of immunomodulation is still unclear. Recent studies using mouse models of ITP and arthritis, including one reported in this issue of the JCI, now provide some insights into this mechanism and the rationale for the development of Fcgamma receptor-targeted therapeutics.
Anti‐hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) seroconversion in patients undergoing hemodialysis: comparison of second‐ and third‐generation anti‐HCV assays (1994)

Third-generation assays (both ELISA and RIBA) were more sensitive than second-generation assays in the diagnosis of HCV infection, in that positive results were obtained earlier and a higher proportion of specimens were confirmed positive in RIBA testing.
Asynchronous Chirp Slope Keying for Underwater Acoustic Communication (2021)

We propose an asynchronous acoustic chirp slope keying to map short bit sequences on single or multiple bands without preamble or error correction coding on the physical layer. We introduce a symbol detection scheme in the demodulator that uses the superposed matched filter results of up and down chirp references to estimate the symbol timing, which removes the requirement of a preamble for symbol synchronization. Details of the implementation are disclosed and discussed, and the performance is verified in a pool measurement on laboratory scale, as well as the simulation for a channel containing Rayleigh fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise. For time-bandwidth products (TB) of 50 in single band mode, a raw data rate of 100 bit/s is simulated to achieve bit error rates (BER) below 0.001 for signal-to-noise ratios above -6 dB. In dual-band mode, for TB of 25 and a data rate of 200 bit/s, the same bit error level was achieved for signal-to-noise ratios above 0 dB. The simulated packet error rates (PER) follow the general behavior of the BER, but with a higher error probability, which increases with the length of bits in each packet.
Improving the Accuracy and Efficiency of Identity-by-Descent Detection in Population Data (2013)

Segments of indentity-by-descent (IBD) detected from high-density genetic data are useful for many applications, including long-range phase determination, phasing family data, imputation, IBD mapping, and heritability analysis in founder populations. We present Refined IBD, a new method for IBD segment detection. Refined IBD achieves both computational efficiency and highly accurate IBD segment reporting by searching for IBD in two steps. The first step (identification) uses the GERMLINE algorithm to find shared haplotypes exceeding a length threshold. The second step (refinement) evaluates candidate segments with a probabilistic approach to assess the evidence for IBD. Like GERMLINE, Refined IBD allows for IBD reporting on a haplotype level, which facilitates determination of multi-individual IBD and allows for haplotype-based downstream analyses. To investigate the properties of Refined IBD, we simulate SNP data from a model with recent superexponential population growth that is designed to match United Kingdom data. The simulation results show that Refined IBD achieves a better power/accuracy profile than fastIBD or GERMLINE. We find that a single run of Refined IBD achieves greater power than 10 runs of fastIBD. We also apply Refined IBD to SNP data for samples from the United Kingdom and from Northern Finland and describe the IBD sharing in these data sets. Refined IBD is powerful, highly accurate, and easy to use and is implemented in Beagle version 4.
Chaperone-Mediated In Vitro Disassembly of Polyoma- and Papillomaviruses (2006)

Hsp70 chaperones play a role in polyoma- and papillomavirus assembly, as evidenced by their interaction in vivo with polyomavirus capsid proteins at late times after virus infection and by their ability to assemble viral capsomeres into capsids in vitro. We studied whether Hsp70 chaperones might also participate in the uncoating reaction. In vivo, Hsp70 co-immunoprecipitated with polyomavirus virion VP1 at 3 h after infection of mouse cells. In vitro, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Hsp70 chaperones efficiently disassembled polyoma- and papillomavirus-like particles and virions in energy-dependent reactions. These observations support a role for cell chaperones in the disassembly of these viruses.
The Impact of Platinum Loading on Oxygen Transport Resistance (2012)

The effect of cathode platinum loading on oxygen transport resistance in a fuel cell electrode was determined by measuring limiting current in fuel cells over a wide range of platinum loadings (0.03 to 0.40 mgPt/cm2). The measurements show that the electrode oxygen transport resistance is inversely proportional to platinum loading or, equivalently, platinum surface area, and is mathematically similar to a 12 s/cm resistive film coating the active platinum sites. At low platinum loading this anomalous resistance significantly reduces the partial pressure of oxygen at the platinum surface and seriously degrades fuel cell performance at high power conditions. The magnitude of this film-like resistance is equivalent to ∼35 nm of bulk-like ionomer but only 4–10 nm, assuming uniform coating, is present in the electrode. Alternatively, 380 nm diameter agglomerates with 20 nm of ionomer coating their external surface would create the same resistance, but such agglomerates are not apparent in SEM micrographs. As a result, the source of this resistance remains unknown, and further investigations are required to understand and mitigate it.
Learning features on robotic surgical tools (2012)

Computer-aided surgical interventions in both manual and robotic procedures have been shown to improve patient outcomes and enhance the skills of the human physician. Tool tracking is one such example that has various applications. In this paper, we show how to learn fine-scaled features on surgical tools for the purpose of pose estimation. Our experiments analyze different state-of-the-art feature descriptors coupled with various learning algorithms on in-vivo data from a surgical robot. We propose that it is important to be able to detect naturally-occurring features robustly in order to achieve long-term, marker-less tool tracking. We also contribute a new improvement on feature classification based on Randomized Trees.
The Role of Neighboring Groups in Replacement Reactions. I. Retention of Configuration in the Reaction of Some Dihalides and Acetoxyhalides with Silver Acetate<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Role of Neighboring Groups in Replacement Reactions. I. Retention of Configuration in the Reaction of Some Dihalides and Acetoxyhalides with Silver Acetate1S. Winstein and R. E. BucklesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 12, 2780–2786Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01264a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01264a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endogenous cardiac glycosides, a new class of steroid hormones (2002)

The search for endogenous digitalis has led to the isolation of ouabain as well as several additional cardiotonic steroids of the cardenolide and bufadienolide type from blood, adrenals, and hypothalamus. The concentration of endogenous ouabain is elevated in blood upon increased Na(+) uptake, hypoxia, and physical exercise. Changes in blood levels of ouabain upon physical exercise occur rapidly. Adrenal cortical cells in tissue culture release ouabain upon addition of angiotensin II and epinephrine, and it is thought that ouabain is released from adrenal cortex in vivo. Ouabain levels in blood are elevated in 50% of Caucasians with low-renin hypertension. Infusion over several weeks of low concentrations of ouabain, but not of digoxin, induces hypertension in rats. A digoxin-like compound, which has been isolated from human urine and adrenals, as well various other endogenous cardiac glycosides may counterbalance their actions within a regulatory framework of water and salt metabolism. Marinobufagenin, for instance, whose concentration is increased after cardiac infarction, may show natriuretic properties because it inhibits the alpha1 isoform of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, the main sodium pump isoform of the kidney, much better than other sodium pump isoforms. In analogy to other steroid hormones, cardiotonic steroid hormones in blood are bound to a specific cardiac glycoside binding globulin. The discovery of ouabain as a new adrenal hormone affecting Na(+) metabolism and the development of the new ouabain antagonist PST 2238 allows for new possibilities for the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure. This will lead in turn to a better understanding of the disease on a physiological and endocrinological level and of the action of ouabain on the cellular level as a signal that is transduced to the plasma membrane as well as to the cell nucleus.
Indoor location identification with better outlook through Augmented Reality (2014)

Augmented Reality is one of the emerging powerful technologies which superimpose digitally rendered images onto our real-world surroundings, thereby enhancing one's current perception of reality [1]. Augmented reality has proven very useful on a day to day basis when laid with location based technology. However, this technology is limited to popular buildings or outdoor locations and will not be able to provide information for indoor locations. The identification of current location using GPS has a limitation when it comes to indoor environment. This paper elicits a technique for location identification for an indoor environment and displaying the location information in the most usable way using the Augmented Reality.
Bend-radius reduction in planar waveguides usingUV post-tuning (1997)

The minimum radius for negligible loss in bent buried channel waveguides could be significantly reduced by increasing the core index through UV-tuning after fabrication. The potential reduction in bend loss is quantified and a simple adiabaticity criterion is presented for the permissible rate of increase and decrease of the core index on either side of the bend.
Formatted voice messages in tactical communication (2003)

An approach is described in which message transmission devices do not transmit the speech waveform. Instead, the user must either enter a message into the device or select from a list of available messages. The device transmits indices which correspond to units of information; a unit might be a word, a phrase, or an entire message. These indices are converted to speech at the receiver. Data compression is inherent in the nature of the system. The amount of data transmitted per message depends directly on the possible number of indices which might be transmitted. The formatted message type of transmission device is text limited; the user must make a selection from a preexisting table of messages, without the ability of adding a new message to the message table. Flexibility is traded for data compression. In essence, formatted voice communication is a process of transmitting messages by indices. Since the speech output is recorded as a complete message, the complex issue of creating natural sounding speech from concatenated words is avoided. The major challenge is to design a system which has an easy-to-use input interface while incorporating a comprehensive message list.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of the Tool Penetration Depth in Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys (2015)

In the last years Friction Stir Welding has produced a big impact on several industries due to its advantages. Particularly, automotive industry has developed a variant of the original process named Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW), having a strong influence on welding of thin sheets of aluminum alloys and dissimilar materials. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the influence of welding procedure on joint characteristics is scarce, mainly for dissimilar materials. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the tool penetration depth during welding, as well as, the relative position of the materials used in the superimposed joints, when AA5052-AA6063 sheets samples were welded. Tool penetration depths between 0.05 and 1.25 mm were analyzed, for both materials positions. Macrostructural and dimension characterization, microhardness profiles and Peel tests (PT) were done for different conditions. The fracture loads in PT increased with the tool penetration depth for both material positions, being higher when AA6063 was the upper material. However, the tool penetration depth has a limit in the increasing of fracture load, for which the fracture mechanism changes from interfacial to circumferential.