gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine natural killer cells stimulated in vivo do not express the T cell receptor <i>alpha</i>, <i>beta</i>, gamma, T3 delta, or T3 epsilon genes. (1987)

Murine blast natural killer (NK) cells responding to in vivo stimulation were isolated and characterized as to their expression of the T cell receptor (TCR) variable genes alpha, beta, and gamma and the TCR constant genes T3 delta and T3 epsilon. In vivo stimulated blast T cells were isolated for comparison. RNA extracted from highly purified blast cell populations elicited in vivo was probed for TCR transcripts by Northern blot analysis. In contrast to the blast T cells which expressed high levels of the alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon genes, blast NK cells expressed very low to not detectable levels of these genes. Blast NK cells isolated from euthymic mice were comparable to those isolated from athymic mice and both populations had profoundly reduced levels of transcripts for TCR genes. The expression of gamma-chain genes was extremely low in the in vivo elicited blast T cells as well as the blast NK cells. Highly purified NK cells isolated from unmanipulated mice and propagated in culture with recombinant interleukin 2 for short periods of time also had extremely low levels of delta and epsilon, whereas T cells expanded in culture had high level expression of these genes. As delta and epsilon appear to be required for expression of a functional recognition structure on the T cell surface and are expressed early in T cell ontogeny, these results indicate that the functional NK cells responding to proliferation signals do not form a conventional T cell recognition structure. Furthermore, the results support a separation of the T cell and NK cell lineages early in ontogeny.
Efficient Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LECs) Based on Ionic Iridium(III) Complexes with 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Ligands (2013)

Abstract Eight new iridium(III) complexes 1‐8 , with 1,3,4‐oxadiazole (OXD) derivatives as the cyclometalated C^N ligand and/or the ancillary N^N ligands are synthesized and their electrochemical, photophysical, and solid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) properties are investigated. Complexes 1 , 2 , 7 and 8 are additionally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. LECs based on complexes 1‐8 are fabricated with a structure indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/cationic iridium complex:ionic liquid/Al. LECs of complexes 1 – 6 with OXD derivatives as the cyclometalated ligands and as the ancillary ligand show yellow luminescence (λ max = 552–564 nm). LECs of complexes 7 and 8 with cyclometalated C^N phenylpyridine ligands and an ancillary N^N OXD ligand show red emission (λ max 616–624 nm). Using complex 7 external quantum efficiency (EQE) values of >10% are obtained for devices (210 nm emission layer) at 3.5 V. For thinner devices (70 nm) high brightness is achieved: red emission for 7 (8528 cd m −2 at 10 V) and yellow emission for 1 (3125 cd m −2 at 14 V).
Isolation of Unique STAT5 Targets by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-based Gene Identification (2004)

STAT5a and STAT5b are two highly related transcription factors that control essential cellular functions. Several STAT5 targets are known, although it is likely that most remain uncharacterized. To identify a more complete set of STAT5-regulated genes, we used a modification of the chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure, which does not presuppose any information regarding these targets. Employing Ba/f3 cells in which STAT5 is activated by interleukin-3, we have identified novel STAT5 binding sites that may be regulatory regions for nearby genes. These sites are typically found far from transcription start sites, and most do not contain CpG islands, indicating that they are not in traditional promoter regions. Nonetheless, when the expression of genes near these STAT5 binding sites was examined, all were expressed in Ba/f3 cells, and most were modulated by interleukin-3. Furthermore, genes identified by this strategy show unique expression patterns in acute leukemias, tumors characterized by activated STAT5. Whereas both STAT5 isoforms bound to all promoters tested, STAT5a and STAT5b bound with different kinetics, suggesting that at least some of the differences between the functions of these two proteins are mediated by their DNA binding activity. Therefore, this method of transcription factor target identification represents an effective strategy to isolate transcription factor targets in an unbiased fashion, and it has revealed many novel STAT5-dependent regulatory regions outside of traditional promoters.
Life in El Barrio (1974)

Review of Puerto Rican Obituary by Pedro Pietri.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Neither Peace Nor Justice: Political Violence and the Peasantry in Northern Uganda, 1986-1998 (2005)

Uncertainty abounds concerning the 19-year conflict in Northern Uganda between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and the Ugandan government. Two questions have received the most attention and could have the most bearing on efforts to resolve the conflict: first, why has the Ugandan government been unable or unwilling to end the war for nineteen years? Second, why has the LRA chosen to use extreme violence against the Acholi instead of trying to build popular support? First, this article addresses these questions, arguing that the debate has failed to take into account the political agency of the Acholi peasantry in the conflict and the relations between the peasantry and government, on the one hand, and the peasantry and the LRA, on the other. By putting the Acholi peasantry and its relations with government and rebels at the center of the analysis, the longevity of the war and the tendency by both rebels and government to use violence against the peasantry can be made sense of as a consequence of both sides’ failure to realize an effective popular mobilization among the Acholi. Second, the article traces historically these failures of popular mobilization and the paths by which both the Ugandan government and the LRA came to see the population as a threat and potential enemy instead of as a potential support base. Third, by putting the people at the center of the analysis of the conflict, the groundwork is laid for putting the people at the center of the resolution of the conflict, transcending the current tendency of conflict resolution agendas to focus only on elites, treating the civilian population as passive bystanders or victims.
Circumvention of Maximum Tracking Limitations with a Rate Modulated Dual Chamber Pacemaker (1989)

A patient having high grade AV block with intact sinus node function is presented in whom DDDR pacing provided the benefit of preventing 2:1 pacemaker block in response to exercise-induced sinus tachycardia. In paired treadmill tests with the patient blinded as to pacing mode, she was able to exercise longer (7.5 vs 6.6 METS) when programmed in DDDR than in DDDO. This is attributable to circumvention of 2:1 pacemaker block which had resulted in abrupt onset of fatigue and SOB (shortness of breath) when the sinus rate exceeded the maximum tracking rate of 130/min. Outpatient ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring confirmed this phenomenon during relatively strenuous activity. The theoretic advantages of dual chamber rate modulated pacing compared to the DDDO and VVIR modes are discussed.
The Structure of Leucenol. II. (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Leucenol. II.Roger Adams and V. V. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 7, 1803–1805Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01199a067Request reuse permissionsArticle Views512Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (418 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning When Not to Answer: a Ternary Reward Structure for Reinforcement Learning Based Question Answering (2019)

Fréderic Godin, Anjishnu Kumar, Arpit Mittal. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Industry Papers). 2019.
Modeling guidelines for fast front transients (1996)

This paper summarizes the work of an IEEE Task Force focused on development of modeling guidelines for fast front transients (i.e., frequency range from 10 kHz up to 1 MHz). These guidelines are intended to be used by engineers involved in digital simulations of electromagnetic transients, with particular emphasis on lightning surge analysis of overhead power lines and substations. Modeling philosophies, simplified mathematical relationships, typical data, and examples are given for various power system components. To illustrate the overall modeling procedure, a case study has been presented.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging with a multifocal two-photon microscope (2004)

Two-photon microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging of cells or tissues.However, it presents the drawback of being a laser-scanning technique that involves a long acquisition time for f luorescence-lifetime imaging.Thus it is commonly limited to intensity images that give only indications of the location of f luorophores but do not identify the physicochemical properties and interactions between cells' components.To protect biological samples from experiments that are too long and to provide a more comprehensive spectroscopic tool we have developed a time-resolved multifocal multiphoton microscope.This setup allows us to speed up the acquisition while retaining the possibility of measuring both intensity and lifetime images of the sample.
Procedure for the Evaluation of the Virucidal Effectiveness of an Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilizer (1969)

A quantitative, reproducible method was developed for the evaluation of the virucidal activity of test gases. Using this method, we determined the virucidal effectiveness of a Steri-Vac ethylene oxide gas sterilizer. Wool gabardine material was exposed to high concentrations of herpes simplex, vaccinia, parainfluenza, or polio viruses and was processed through the sterilizer. Two time-temperature cycles of the machine, 29 C for 180 min and 60 C for 48 min, were used in separate experiments. The viruses were exposed to the gas when freshly pipetted onto the fabric or when pipetted on the material and allowed to dry 16 to 24 hr. In two experiments carried out under each condition, the virus titers were reduced by the sterilization process to less than detectable limits. These titer reductions were for the herpes virus >/= 2.7 to 5.0 log, for vaccinia virus >/= 4.0 to 6.1 log, for parainfluenza virus >/= 1.8 to 4.9 log, and for poliovirus >/= 4.9 to 7.7 log. The observed reductions in virus titers were the same whether the virus-contaminated fabrics were sealed in polyethylene packages or held in open petri dishes during exposure to ethylene oxide.
Performance evaluation of the disk drive industry's second-generation partial response maximum likelihood data channel (1993)

The latest generation of partial-response maximum-likelihood data channel, recently made available in the IBM 0664 2 Gbyte 3.5 inch disk drive, are examined, and how well it performs its base operation of extracting data from the disk as well as how well it has begun to put other potential sampling detection advantages into practice is reported. Beyond the data rate improvements over the predecessor channel, this latest offering, referred to as the PRDF channel for its expanded digital filter complexity allows a disk drive to perform self-test and self-diagnostics. The use of self-test capability is described as a tool for obtaining precise equalization over all data areas of the 0664 disk drive. The self-diagnostic aids are discussed as a method of reducing the probability of data loss in a disk drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>SOCS1</i> methylation in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (2003)

The proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells depend on various cytokines. The suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) down-regulates Janus kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway activity and inhibits the biological effects of cytokines. SOCS1 has been shown to have tumor-suppressor activity, and methylation of this gene, resulting in transcriptional silencing, has been found in 65% of hepatocellular carcinoma and has been suggested to play an important role in the development of the cancer. The methylation status of the SOCS1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been reported before. In this study, we analyzed SOCS1 methylation in 89 patients with newly diagnosed AML and correlated the result with immunophenotypes, cytogenetics, clinical features, and treatment outcome. SOCS1 methylation was found in the leukemic cells from 53 patients (60%). Thirteen (76%) of the 17 patients with t(15;17) had SOCS1 methylation, whereas this gene was methylated in only one (11%) of the nine patients with t(8;21). The frequencies of SOCS1 methylation among various cytogenetic subgroups differed significantly (P = 0.014). Other clinical and laboratory parameters and the disease-free survival and overall survival were similar between patients with and without SOCS1 methylation. In conclusion, SOCS1 methylation occurs in more than half of AML cases, correlates with cytogenetic abnormalities, and may play an important role in the development of subsets of AML.
Image Quality Metrics for Digital Systems (2010)

The last few years have seen a rapid increase in the number of digital imaging devices produced for radiographic applications. With digitized video/image intensifiers, computed radiography (CR), and more recently the advent of flat-panel imagers, an almost bewildering number of choices of digital imaging devices is available. The good news from this rapid progress in digital radiography is that devices are becoming available with image quality superior to that available just a few years ago. The challenge from this proliferation of digital devices is making the difficult decision about which device is most suitable for a particular application. Radiologists will rightly ask, âHow can I know which device I should purchase for my clinical imaging needs?â Imaging physicists, on the other hand, will be concerned with verifying the image quality specifications of the various manufacturers, developing appropriate algorithms to extend the utility of the devices, and developing appropriate clinical imaging protocols to take best advantage of the devices' imaging performance. Physicists and radiologists will need to work collaboratively to determine the appropriate applications for these devices, and the performance that may be expected from them. In order to assess the performance of these devices, it is necessary to consider both physical image-quality parameters as well as the observer's perceptual response. Both of these areas are more difficult with digital devices than with screen film. Because the image has been sampled, quantized, and processed, there are a number of changes necessary in traditional measurements of image-quality. Furthermore, because there is an almost unlimited degree of image processing that can be done to the images, it becomes more difficult to gauge observer acceptance of the resulting images. There are a number of physical and observer-based measurements which can be used to gauge image-quality, and these will be considered in this chapter. This chapter is divided into four sections. First, global measures of image-quality will be addressed, using measurements in Cartesian (or image-intensity) space. Second, measures in spatial frequency space will be considered. Third, methods of assessing image processing will be considered, and last, observer assessment will be addressed. Of course, the final stage in assessment of image-quality is the ability of a particular imaging device and clinical protocol to improve diagnostic accuracy. The issue of diagnostic accuracy, while very important, is an entire field of study in itself, and is therefore beyond the scope of this chapter. The interested reader is referred to other chapters in this volume on measuring diagnostic accuracy.
Characteristics of neuroscience computer graphics displays and a proposed system to generate those displays (1976)

Computer graphics displays in the neurosciences are classified into three categories: anatomical structures, physiological waveforms, and statistical summaries. The capabilities required in a line drawing system to present neuroscience displays are smooth rotation and translation of 3D structures, simple line rejection, orthographic projection, and flexible interactive hard copy capable of drawing dots. The general purpose computer is available to refresh the CRT. A simple graphics processor with the necessary capabilities is defined and its unique features are discussed.
<i>NOTCH1</i> Mutations in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Prognostic Significance and Implication in Multifactorial Leukemogenesis (2006)

NOTCH1 mutation is an important prognostic marker in T-ALL and its predictive value could be even further increased if coevaluated with other T-cell-related regulatory genes. NOTCH pathway thus acts combinatorially with oncogenic transcriptional factors on T-ALL pathogenesis.
Square-Shaped RNA Particles from Different RNA Folds (2009)

The structural information encoding specific conformations of natural RNAs can be implemented within artificial RNA sequences to control both three-dimensional (3D) shape and self-assembling interfaces for nanotechnology and synthetic biology applications. We have identified three natural RNA motifs known to direct helical topology into approximately 90 degrees bends: a five-way tRNA junction, a three-way junction, and a two-helix bend. These three motifs, embedded within rationally designed RNAs (tectoRNA), were chosen for generating square-shaped tetrameric RNA nanoparticles. The ability of each motif to direct the formation of supramolecular assemblies was compared by both native gel assays and atomic force microscopy. While there are multiple structural solutions for building square-shaped RNA particles, differences in the thermodynamics and molecular dynamics of the 90 degrees motif can lead to different biophysical behaviors for the resulting supramolecular complexes. We demonstrate via structural assembly programming how the different 90 degrees motifs can preferentially direct the formation of either 2D or 3D assemblies.
Clathrin Gene Expression Is Androgen Regulated in the Prostate* (1998)

Androgens are required for the development and function of the prostate. In a normal human prostate, androgens control the synthesis of proteins such as prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein. The prostate secretes these proteins as well as a number of other compounds to form the prostatic fluid. Using differential display PCR to detect novel androgen-regulated genes, clathrin heavy chain expression was identified as potentially being up-regulated by androgens in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. We report here that the clathrin heavy chain and light chain genes are regulated by androgens. Clathrin heavy chain messenger RNA was up-regulated by androgens in a concentration- and time-specific manner in the LNCaP cell line. Translation of clathrin heavy chain messenger RNA was stimulated by androgens. Steady state levels of clathrin light chains a and b were up-regulated in the presence of androgen in LNCaP cells. Clathrin gene expression was examined in normal rat prostates, and similar results were found. Clathrin heavy chain protein levels in the rat prostate are also affected by the androgen status of the animal. We hypothesize that clathrin may be involved in the exocytosis of androgen-regulated secretory proteins such as prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein.
Antitumor efficacy of combination chemotherapy with UFT and cyclophosphamide against human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. (1999)

The combination of cyclophosphamide (CPA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently regarded as the most effective therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer. We evaluated the augmentation of antitumor activity and toxicity by coadministration of CPA and UFT (1M tegafur--4M uracil) instead of intravenous 5-FU on H-31 human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. The maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of UFT alone (24 mg/kg) and CPA alone (85 mg/kg) had a significant effect on H-31 tumors in mice with 86.6% and 83.0% inhibition rates of tumor growth, respectively, and without loss of body weight, diarrhea or myelosuppression. The combined administration with full and 83.3% MTD of UFT and CPA augmented the antitumor activity compared to that of UFT alone and CPA alone. The relative tumor volume of the UFT plus CPA-treated group to the UFT- and CPA-treated groups was 0.28 and 0.36 for the full MTD, and 0.51 and 0.67 for 83.3% MTD, respectively. When CPA was consecutively administered to the tumor-bearing mice for 14 days, there were no decreases in the activities of enzymes related to 5-FU metabolism, but there was an significant increase in the activity of ribonucleotide reductase, suggesting that anabolism of 5-FU derived from tegafur is accelerated to some extent by coadministration of CPA. In conclusion, these results suggest that combination therapy with oral UFT and CPA may be useful for the long-term treatment of cancer patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancers.
Ursachen der Randübertrocknung in Schlitzdüsentrocknern (1970)

Abstract Die Randübertrocknung, welche in Schlitzdüsentrocknern mit Abströmung in Schlitzrichtung beobachtet wird, läßt sich auf die Verteilung der Austrittsgeschwindigkeit längs der Schlitze zurückführen. Für Düsentrockner folgt hieraus, daß die Abströmfläche möglichst das 3,5fache der Düsenaustrittsfläche betragen soll, um eine gleichmäßige Trocknung zu erhalten.
Isolation and Characterization of Pteridines from <i>Pseudomonas ovalis</i> (1971)

Abstract Four ribityllumazine compounds were isolated from the cultured medium of Pseudomonas ovalis. Three of them were characterized as 6-methyl-8-(1-d-ribityl)-2,4,7-trioxohexahydropteridine, 6-(3-indolyl)-8-(1-d-ribityl)-2,4,7-trioxohexahydropteridine and 6-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(1-d-ribityl)-2,4,7-trioxohexahydropteridine by comparison with synthetic samples. The fourth compound, named putidolumazine, was supposed to be a new compound (2-carboxyethyl)-8-(1-d-ribityl)-2,4,7-trioxohexahydropteridine from its chemical and spectroscopic properties. This was confirmed from the identity of both natural and synthetic products.