gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancements in Electrode Materials for the Highperformance Electrochemical Supercapacitors: A Review (2014)

Supercapacitors are energy storage devices emerging as one of the promising energy storage devices in the future energy technology. In this perspective, rapid progress is made in the development of fundamental and applied aspects of supercapacitors. Various techniques have been developed specifically to estimate the specific capacitance. Numerous efforts were made in the literature to increase the specific capacitance value of the electrode materials. The electrode materials which have unique structural and electrochemical capacitance properties, such as high capacity and cyclic stability showed great supercapacitors performances. Recently, there are much new types of electrode materials were developed to play an important role in the capacitance behavior. In this review, we focused on the applications of various nanostructured electrode materials like carbon nanomaterials, metal oxides and conducting polymer towards highly efficient supercapacitors.
The Total Serum Homocysteine as an Indicator of Vitamin B12 and Folate Status (1988)

Presented is a modification of an assay for total serum homocysteine (Hcy) in which the Hcy plus radioactive adenosine is converted enzymatically to labeled S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). The modifications included a commerical source for the AdoHcy hydrolase, adenosine labeled with either 14C or 3H, and separation of the AdoHcy by thin layer chromatography. The assay was sensitive to 25 pmol. Hcy levels in sera from 18 controls ranged from 6.9 to 12.1 mumol/L with a mean of 9.1 and a SD of 1.5 mumol/L. The total serum Hcy was increased in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. The level was high in congenital defects of vitamin B12 metabolism, blocking the methylation of Hcy regardless of the serum vitamin B12 levels, but was normal in the absence of tissue deficiency even if the serum vitamin B12 levels were low. The procedure has been found practical in two years of use and requires only 0.1 mL of serum.
A fuzzy expert system for durability assessment of bridge decks (2002)

An attempt is made to develop a knowledge-based expert system for assessing the durability of bridge decks. The present expert system has a feature that includes a fuzzy set manipulation system which can treat fuzzy sets in the process of data handling, rule representation and inference procedure. Using this system, it is possible to deal with various kinds of uncertainties and ambiguities involved inherently in the data, rules and inference processes in a unified and simple manner. Moreover, it is intended to introduce the concept of neural network for the automatic generation of fuzzy production rules. Several illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Broad spectrum O-linked protein glycosylation in the human pathogen <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (2009)

Protein glycosylation is an important element of biologic systems because of its significant effects on protein properties and functions. Although prominent within all domains of life, O-linked glycosylation systems modifying serine and threonine residues within bacteria and eukaryotes differ substantially in target protein selectivity. In particular, well-characterized bacterial systems have been invariably dedicated to modification of individual proteins or related subsets thereof. Here we characterize a general O-linked glycosylation system that targets structurally and functionally diverse groups of membrane-associated proteins in the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiologic agent of the human disease gonorrhea. The 11 glycoproteins identified here are implicated in activities as varied as protein folding, disulfide bond formation, and solute uptake, as well as both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Along with their common trafficking within the periplasmic compartment, the protein substrates share quasi-related domains bearing signatures of low complexity that were demonstrated to encompass sites of glycan occupancy. Thus, as in eukaryotes, the broad scope of this system is dictated by the relaxed specificity of the glycan transferase as well as the bulk properties and context of the protein-targeting signal rather than by a strict amino acid consensus sequence. Together, these findings reveal previously unrecognized commonalities linking O-linked protein glycosylation in distantly related life forms.
Assessing the global threat from Zika virus (2016)

First discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remained a little-known tropical disease until 2015, when its apparent association with a considerable increase in the incidence of microcephaly in Brazil raised alarms worldwide. There is limited information on the key factors that determine the extent of the global threat from ZIKV infection and resulting complications. Here, we review what is known about the epidemiology, natural history, and public health effects of ZIKV infection, the empirical basis for this knowledge, and the critical knowledge gaps that need to be filled.
REGULATION OF TH2 DIFFERENTIATION AND<i>Il4</i>LOCUS ACCESSIBILITY (2006)

Helper T cells coordinate immune responses through the production of cytokines. Th2 cells express the closely linked Il4, Il13, and Il5 cytokine genes, whereas these same genes are silenced in the Th1 lineage. The Th1/Th2 lineage choice has become a textbook example for the regulation of cell differentiation, and recent discoveries have further refined and expanded our understanding of how Th2 differentiation is initiated and reinforced by signals from antigen-presenting cells and cytokine-driven feedback loops. Epigenetic changes that stabilize the active or silent state of the Il4 locus in differentiating helper T cells have been a major focus of recent research. Overall, the field is progressing toward an integrated model of the signaling and transcription factor networks, cis-regulatory elements, epigenetic modifications, and RNA interference mechanisms that converge to determine the lineage fate and gene expression patterns of differentiating helper T cells.
Active differential CMOS imaging device for human face recognition (2006)

This letter describes an original CMOS imaging system dedicated to human face recognition. The main interest of this work is to provide ambient light invariant images and facilitate segmentation of the face from the background. This system has been implemented in a specially designed CMOS smart image sensor with only one analog memory per pixel. This simple pixel design gives the possibility to incorporate this functionality into classic low-cost CMOS image sensors. One of its possible applications is face recognition, since the human face appearance is dramatically dependent on illumination conditions. A first indoor experience with different illumination conditions shows that a simple correlation-based verification algorithm on face images of 25 people of the INT database gives promising results.
Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Materials from Di‐(2‐pyridyl)methylamine‐Palladium Dichloride Complex as Recoverable Catalysts for Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira Reactions (2008)

Abstract Hybrid silica materials containing the di‐(2‐pyridyl)methylamine‐palladium dichloride complex, prepared by sol‐gel cogelification, are efficient recyclable catalysts for Suzuki (aryl bromides and chlorides), Heck (aryl bromides) and Sonogashira reactions (aryl iodides and bromides). Formation of palladium(0) nanoparticles is observed in the Suzuki and Heck reactions but not in the Sonogashira coupling.
Differential Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Endocrine Gland Derived-VEGF, and VEGF Receptors in Human Placentas from Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of placental vascular function. Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor associated with preeclampsia. In this study, we examined expression of VEGF, endocrine gland-derived VEGF (EG-VEGF), VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2), and neuropilin-1 and -2 (NP-1 and NP-2) in human placentas from women with normal and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies using quantitative or semiquantitative PCR. We found that total VEGF mRNA expression was increased 2.8-fold (P < 0.05), along with increases in mRNA expression of VEGF121, 165, and 189 (P < 0.05; 1.7-, 1.9-, and 1.8-fold, respectively) in PE vs. normal placentas. Expression of VEGFR-1 mRNA, but not EG-VEGF and the other three VEGF receptors studied, was elevated (P < 0.05) 2.7-fold in PE vs. normal placentas. Protein expression of VEGF and its four receptors was determined using Western blot analysis. For VEGF, two major isoforms (VEGF165 and 189) were detected. For VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, NP-1, and NP-2, one major band was observed at 180, 235, 130, and 130 kDa, respectively. All of these bands were corresponding to their positive controls. Of these five proteins studied, only VEGFR-1 levels were increased (P < 0.05; 1.7-fold) in PE placentas. The expression of VEGF and the four VEGF receptors was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. They were primarily present in syncytiotrophoblasts and endothelial cells of villous capillaries and large vessels. Thus, together with previous reports that VEGFR-1 mediates trophoblast function and inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, these data suggest that the increased VEGFR-1 expression may alter VEGF- mediated function on trophoblast and endothelial cells in PE placentas.
Zero-cost MTP high density NVM modules in a CMOS process flow (2010)

A zero-cost embedded high density MTP NVM with extensive statistical verification is presented. The family of compact single Poly modules ranging from 64 bit to 64 kbit is based on the Y-Flash concept, employing original array architectures and implemented in standard and power management (PM) 0.18 μm CMOS process flows. No special HV devices or additional masks are employed. Excellent reliability performance allowing more than 10 k program/erase cycles and 10 year data retention at 150°C is demonstrated.
Light Scattered by a Liquid Crystal: a New Quasi-Thermal Source (1974)

The spatial and temporal coherence properties of laser light scattered by a liquid crystal cell under the application of an external dc field are studied. It is shown that the scattered field constitutes a source with very long coherence time. The coherence time can be changed by changing the value of the applied voltage, and the spatial coherence can be adjusted by varying the dimension of the illuminated spot on the cell. The effects produced when the length of correlation of fluctuations in the liquid crystal is not negligible with respect to the dimension of the spot in the cell are also studied. The scattered field is proposed as a new quasi-thermal source, alternative of the rotating ground glass disk.
Ethane 1,2-Diamineborane (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthane 1,2-DiamineboraneHenry C. Kelly and John O. EdwardsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 18, 4842–4846Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01503a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01503a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biological Properties of <i>Rickettsia prowazekii</i> Strains Isolated from Flying Squirrels (1977)

Four strains of Rickettsia prowazekii, isolated from flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans volans) from Florida and Virginia, were compared with other strains of the typhus biotype, two previously established strains each of R. prowazekii and R. typhi and one strain of R. canada, for similarities in a number of unrelated phenotypic characteristics. R. akari served as a spotted fever biotype control. All strains produced small plaques on chicken embryo cell monolayers that were clearly recognized only after 10 days of incubation at 32 degrees C. All strains were highly susceptible to erythromycin. The Renografin density gradient centrifugation procedure of separating rickettsiae from the infected yolk sacs of surviving chicken embryos was equally satisfactory in all cases and resulted in moderate to large yields of purified rickettsiae. There was relatively small variation in specific hemolytic activity or specific CO(2) formation from glutamate. None of the strains catabolized glucose. There was some strain variation in virulence for the chicken embryo, but none of the above tests separated the three species of the typhus biotype. On the other hand, R. akari was clearly distinguished by its more rapid plaque formation and by higher resistance to erythromycin. It is concluded that by the tests conducted thus far, the biological properties of the flying squirrel strains do not differ substantially from those of other strains of the typhus biotype.
Polycrystalline Cu(InGa)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin-Film Solar Cells with ZnSe Buffer Layers (1995)

A ZnSe buffer layer has been applied as an attractive alternative to a CdS buffer layer in the development of polycrystalline Cu(InGa)Se 2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, thus eliminating entirely the use of cadmium by employing the ZnO/ZnSe/CIGS structure. Moreover, we propose the use of a new deposition method for ZnSe buffer layers, the atomic-layer deposition (ALD) method. This method is basically the same as an “atomic-layer epitaxy” method but is applied to polycrystalline materials. Currently the best efficiency of CIGS thin-film solar cells with an about 10-nm-thick ZnSe buffer layer is 11.6%. Applying irradiation with a solar simulator under one-sun (AM-1.5, 100 mW/cm 2 ) conditions, the efficiency of these cells was improved from about 5% to over 11% due to increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor with no change in short-circuit current density even after six-hour irradiation.
Validation of the NINCDS-ADRDA Criteria Regarding Gait in the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (1995)

The NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer disease (AD) state that “gait disturbances at the onset or very early in the course of the illness make the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease uncertain or unlikely,‘’ yet there have been few studies documenting the validity of the statement. We therefore reviewed all cases of pure autopsy-proven AD in the Ramsey Brain Bank to determine how frequently an abnormal gait was noted at time of presentation. Any reported gait disturbance was considered an abnormal gait. Only cases for which medical records were available documenting the patient's presentation for dementia were included. Cases were excluded if any other pathology was present that may have contributed to the patient's dementia or to a gait disorder, if neuroleptic medication had been used, or if there was a preexisting gait disorder. Clinical dementia severity at time of presentation was graded as mild, moderate, or severe per DSM-IIIR criteria. Of the 95 cases that met study criteria, none of the 36 patients with mild dementia were reported to have had an abnormal gait. Sixteen percent of the patients with moderate and 32% with severe dementia had gait abnormalities reported. This study confirms the statement regarding gait in the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.
A Double Emulsion-Based, Plastic-Glass Hybrid Microfluidic Platform for Protein Crystallization (2015)

This paper reports the design and construction of a plastic-glass hybrid microfluidic platform for performing protein crystallization trials in nanoliter double emulsions. The double emulsion-based protein crystallization trials were implemented with both the vapor-diffusion method and microbatch method by controlling the diffusion of water between the inner and outer phases and by eliminating water evaporation. Double emulsions, whose inner and outer environments can be easily adjusted, can provide ideal conditions to explore protein crystallization with the advantages of a convection-free environment and a homogeneous interface. The property of the water-oil interface was demonstrated to be a critical factor for nucleation, and appropriate surfactants should be chosen to prevent protein adsorption at the interface. The results from the volume effect study showed a trend of fewer crystals and longer incubation time when the protein solution volume became smaller, suggesting that the nucleation in protein crystallization process can be controlled by changing the volume of protein solutions. Finally, sparse matrix screening was achieved using the double emulsion-based microbatch method. The double emulsion-based approach for protein crystallization is a promising tool for enhancing the crystal quality by controlling the nucleation process.
CHLORO ETHERS. II. PREPARATION OF SOME NEW CHLORO ETHERS AND ALKOXYMETHYL ESTERS (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCHLORO ETHERS. II. PREPARATION OF SOME NEW CHLORO ETHERS AND ALKOXYMETHYL ESTERSJ. W. Farren, H. R. Fife, F. E. Clark, and C. E. GarlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1925, 47, 9, 2419–2423Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01686a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01686a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The use of naftifine (Exoderil) cream in the treatment of dermatophytosis. (1987)

Le taux de guerison a ete de 12,9%. Des effets secondaires ont ete observes chez 9,3% des malades traites et sont representes par irritation, brulure et 1 cas de dermatite de contact allergique
Effective envelopes: statistical bounds on multiplexed traffic in packet networks (2002)

A statistical network service which allows a certain fraction of traffic to not meet its QoS guarantees can extract additional capacity from a network by exploiting the statistical properties of the traffic. Here we consider a statistical service which assumes statistical independence of flows, but does not make any assumptions on the statistics of traffic sources, other than that they are regulated, e.g., by a leaky bucket. Under these conditions, we present functions, so-called local effective envelopes and global effective envelopes, which are, with high certainty, upper bounds of multiplexed traffic. We show that these envelopes can be used to obtain bounds on the amount of traffic on a link that can be provisioned with statistical QoS. A key advantage of our bounds is that they can be applied with a variety of scheduling algorithms. In fact, we show that one can reuse existing admission control functions that are available for scheduling algorithms with a deterministic service. We present numerical examples which compare the number of flows with statistical QoS guarantees that can be admitted with our effective envelope approach to those achieved with existing methods.
A multifunctional reporter mouse line for Cre‐ and FLP‐dependent lineage analysis (2009)

The Cre/lox and FLP/FRT recombination systems have been used extensively for both conditional knockout and cell lineage analysis in mice. Here we report a new multifunctional Cre/FLP dual reporter allele (R26(NZG)) that exhibits strong and apparently ubiquitous marker expression in embryos and adults. The reporter construct, which is driven by the CAG promoter, was knocked into the ROSA26 locus providing an open chromatin domain for consistent expression and avoiding site-of-integration effects often observed with transgenic reporters. R26(NZG) directs Cre-dependent nuclear-localized beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) expression, and can be converted into a Cre-dependent EGFP reporter (R26(NG)) by germline excision of the FRT-flanked nlslacZ cassette. Alternatively, germline excision of the floxed PGKNEO cassette in R26(NZG) generates an FLP-dependent EGFP reporter (R26(ZG)) that expresses beta-gal in FLP-nonexpressing cells. Finally, by the simultaneous use of both Cre and FLP deleters, R26(NZG) allows lineage relationships to be interrogated with greater refinement than is possible with single recombinase reporter systems.
Transformer-Transducer: End-to-End Speech Recognition with Self-Attention (2019)

We explore options to use Transformer networks in neural transducer for end-to-end speech recognition. Transformer networks use self-attention for sequence modeling and comes with advantages in parallel computation and capturing contexts. We propose 1) using VGGNet with causal convolution to incorporate positional information and reduce frame rate for efficient inference 2) using truncated self-attention to enable streaming for Transformer and reduce computational complexity. All experiments are conducted on the public LibriSpeech corpus. The proposed Transformer-Transducer outperforms neural transducer with LSTM/BLSTM networks and achieved word error rates of 6.37 % on the test-clean set and 15.30 % on the test-other set, while remaining streamable, compact with 45.7M parameters for the entire system, and computationally efficient with complexity of O(T), where T is input sequence length.