gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Generation of News Comments Based on Gated Attention Neural Networks (2017)

With the development of recurrent neural networks (RNN), various natural language generation (NLG) tasks have boomed in the past few years, such as response generation in conversation and poetry generation. However, automatic generation of news comments is anew, challenging and not well-studied task in NLG. Different from other NLG tasks, this task requires the contextual relevance between comments and news. In addition, we need to generate diversified comments, because different people usually have different opinions on the same news in the real world. In this paper, we propose a gated attention neural network model (GANN) to generate news comments. To address the problem of contextual relevance, we introduce the gated attention mechanism to use news context self-adaptively and selectively. To ensure the diversity of comments, we use random sample and relevance control to generate comments with different topics and degrees of relevance. Moreover, we apply generative adversarial nets to improve GANN. Automatic evaluation with perplexity score reveals that GANN outperforms the existing comment generation methods. Human evaluation proves that the generated news comments are close to human comments.
Effects of Carrier Gas on the Properties of InGaN/GaN Quantum Well Structures Grown by MOCVD (1999)

In this paper we report on the influence of the carrier gas used during growth on the optical and microstructural properties of InxGa1—xN/GaN multi-quantum well structures (L = 50 Å, x = 0.15) grown by MOCVD. The sample grown with hydrogen carrier gas resulted in a luminescence spectrum that consisted of a single line (FWHM = 57 meV) whereas growth of the barrier material using a nitrogen carrier gas results in luminescence spectra with FWHM in the range of 150 to 200 meV. The change in the optical properties correlates with changes in the microstructural properties. The inferior quality of the samples grown using nitrogen carrier gas is thought to be due to the increased density of growth nucleation sites formed during the growth process resulting in increased interface roughness and a progressive increase in the well thickness throughout the structures.
Long-term catheter use in the community (1995)

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of long-term urinary catheters and explores patients' attitudes to catheterisation. The author argues that, with careful selection of equipment, long-term catheterisation can be acceptable to patients and a useful method of management for people whose lives are severely restricted by incontinence.
Dependence of Curie temperature on the thickness of an ultrathin ferroelectric film (2010)

The thickness dependency of the Curie temperature in stress-free $\text{Pb}({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}){\text{O}}_{3}$ ultrathin films under open-circuit conditions is revealed from the computation of some nontrivial statistical quantities (such as fourth-order cumulants), via a first-principles-based technique. For thicknesses above $16\text{ }\text{\AA{}}$, this dependency follows the usual finite-size scaling law with a critical exponent that is consistent with the one associated with the three-dimensional-random-Ising universality class. On the other hand, the Curie temperature-versus-film's thickness curve deviates from this scaling law below $12\text{ }\text{\AA{}}$ while being rather well described by an empirical equation down to $8\text{ }\text{\AA{}}$.
Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Organ Preservation in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer (2003)

In patients with laryngeal cancer, radiotherapy with concurrent administration of cisplatin is superior to induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone for laryngeal preservation and locoregional control.
Growth Inhibition of Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cells by Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (2004)

Selective estrogen receptor Modulator (SERM)은 에스트로겐 수용체와 결합하여, 조직마다 다르게 작용하여 길항이나 대항의 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 SERM 중의 하나인 raloxifene은 여성호르몬 수용체와 nanomolar 친화력을 가지고, 조직에 따라 길항제와 대항제로 작용한다. 즉 뼈와 지질에는 에스트로겐 길항제로 작용하고, 유방과 자궁에는 대항제로 작용한다. Tamoxifen은 다른 종류의 SERM으로 길항제와 대항제의 양면성을 자궁 내막에 작용한다. 그러므로 자궁근종은 에스트로겐 의존성이므로 SERM을 이용하여 사람 자궁근종 세포에 투여함으로써 치료의 가능성을 보고자 이 연구를 계획하였다.
자궁근종과 정상 자궁 근 세포를 일차 배양하여 에스트로겐의 투여 전후의 반응을 보았으며, SERM 투여후의 반응을 MTS 및 생존세포수 계산을 하였고, 세포주기회로 및 세포자멸사를 보기 위해 FACS와 Western-blot을 시행하였다.
일차 배양된 자궁근종와 정상 자궁근 세포에서 에스트로겐과 황체호르몬 수용체의 발현을 확인하고 수용체 양성군과 음성군으로 구별하였다. 에스트로겐 수용체 음성군에서는 에스트로겐을 10^-12에서 10^-6 mol/L까지 용량을 증가하면서 투여하였으나 세포의 증식은 자궁근종 세포나 정상에서는 보이지 않았다. 반대로 에스트로겐 수용체양성군에서는 에스트로겐을 용량의 증가와 투여 일수를 증가하여 세포의 증식이 용량에 비례하여 증가하는 것을 보여주었다. 자궁근종와 정상 자궁근 세포에 에스트로겐을 10^-6 mol/L을 6일간 투여 후 raloxifene을 10^-11에서 10^-7 mol/L까지 용량을 증가하면서 투여하여, 에스트로겐 수용체 음성군에서는 세포 증식의 억제가 거의 없었으나, 양성군에서는 증식의 억제를 관찰하였다. 같은 조건으로 tamoxifen을 10^-11에서 10^-7 mol/L까지 용량을 증가하면서 투여하여, 에스트로겐 수용체 음성군에서는 변화가 없었고, 수용체 양성군에서는 증식의 억제가 관찰되었으나 raloxifene의 증식 억제보다는 적었다. ELT-3 세포주에 tsmoxifen, raloxifene을 투여하여 효과를 비교하여, 두 약제에 모두 세포 증시 억제의 효과를 확인하였다. ELT-3 세포를 FACS를 이용한 세포 주기회로 분석에서 어느 특정한 주기도 증가하는 것을 보이지 않았다. ELT-3 세포를 FACS를 이용한 세포 주기회로 분석에서 어느 특정한 주기도 증가하는 것을 보이지 않았다. 세포 증식의 억제가 세포자멸사와 세포 주기 회로에 관계하는 유전자의 발현을 보았으나, 약제 투여 전이나 후의 발현의 차이가 없었다.
이상의 결과로 보아 SERM은 자궁근종의 세포 증식을 억제하는 역할을 하며, raloxifene의 억제작용이 tamoxifen보다 우수하여 raloxifene이 가임기 여성의 자궁근종의 약물 치료법에 가능성을 보여주었다고 생각한다. 향후 좀더 많은 조사 군을 상대로 다양한 용량에 따른 변화를 조사하여, SERM이 자궁근종에 미치는 기전을 더 확실하게 밝혀, raloxifene이 가임기 여성의 자궁근종 약물치료 개발에 길잡이가 될 것으로 사료된다.
Automated recognition of architectural drawings (2003)

Considers possibilities of applying computer vision to the computerization of architecture and in particular to the transfer of existing drawings to the computer. It is proposed that, given the technical problems encountered at the lower levels of machine vision and the representational limitations of CAD systems, automated recognition of architectural drawings should concentrate on the higher knowledge-based levels of building elements and spatial articulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
이분척추 내반족 및 뇌수종을 겸한 기형아의 1예 (1967)

A case of hydrocephalus & Spina bipidas & equinovrus is pnesented & its reuiew of literature was made reifly.
Direct Observation of Heterogeneous Chemistry in the Atmosphere (1998)

The heterogeneous replacement of chloride by nitrate in individual sea-salt particles was monitored continuously over time in the troposphere with the use of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Modeling calculations show that the observed chloride displacement process is consistent with a heterogeneous chemical reaction between sea-salt particles and gas-phase nitric acid, leading to sodium nitrate production in the particle phase accompanied by liberation of gaseous HCl from the particles. Such single-particle measurements, combined with a single-particle model, make it possible to monitor and explain heterogeneous gas/particle chemistry as it occurs in the atmosphere.
A Biomechanical Face for the Hybrid III Dummy (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Biomechanical data on the response of the face to localized and distributed loads are analyzed to provide performance goals for a biomechanically realistic face. Previously proposed facial injury assessment techniques and dummy modifications are reviewed with emphasis on their biomechanical realism. A modification to the Hybrid III dummy, called the GM Hybrid III Deformable Face, is described. The modification produces biomechanically realistic frontal impact response for both localized and distributed facial loads and provides for contact force determination using conventional Hybrid III instrumentation. The modification retains the anthropometric and inertial properties and the forehead impact response of the standard Hybrid III head.</div>
A Model for Magnetization Transfer in Tissues (1995)

Magnetization transfer in several tissues is measured and successfully modeled using a two-pool model of exchange. The line shape for the semi-solid pool is characterized by a superLorentzian and the liquid pool by a Lorentzian. The tissues investigated were white and gray matter, optic nerve, muscle, and liver. All tissues the authors studied are characterized by the same model but differ in the parameter values of the model. Blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were also investigated. The two-pool model with a Lorentzian line shape for both the semi-solid and liquid pools modeled the magnetization transfer in blood. In CSF, as expected, there is no measurable exchange of magnetization. The T2B associated with the semi-solid pool was short (approximately 10 microseconds) for all tissues indicating a fairly rigid semi-solid pool. In addition characterization of the line shape as superLorentzian indicates molecules such as integral membrane proteins or lipids in membranes are likely molecules participating in the exchange. Conversely, in blood large globular proteins are indicated due to the Lorentzian nature of the semi-solid pool and a T2B approximately 300 microseconds.
Composite Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) and Hydrophobic Fumed Silica:  Dynamic Rheology and Microstructure (1998)

Dynamic rheological techniques are used to probe the microstructures present in fumed silica-based composite polymer electrolytes. These electrolytes are obtained by dispersing hydrophobic fumed silica in a poly(ethylene glycol)−lithium salt solution and display high conductivities (σ298K > 10-3 S/cm), mechanical stability, and easy processability. The materials behave as soft solids (gels) under ambient conditions due to the presence of a three-dimensional network of silica entities. Network formation occurs as a result of van der Waals (dispersion) forces between the nonpolar surface layers on silica units. Factors which affect the van der Waals interaction, and hence the gel network density, include the nature of the PEG end group, the presence of ionic species, and the size of the hydrophobic surface group on the silica. The composites also exhibit shear-thinning behavior due to the shear-induced disruption of network bonds, and this behavior can be advantageously utilized in electrolyte processing.
Radical polymerization of N-(alkyl-substituted phenyl)maleimides: synthesis of thermally stable polymers soluble in nonpolar solvents (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical polymerization of N-(alkyl-substituted phenyl)maleimides: synthesis of thermally stable polymers soluble in nonpolar solventsAkikazu Matsumoto, Toru Kubota, and Takayuki OtsuCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 21, 4508–4513Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00223a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00223a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1501Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Studies of Impurities in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations (1986)

In a comparative study, seven commercially available immunoglobulin preparations and one experimental preparation, processed by various manufacturers in the United States and Europe, were investigated for non-IgG proteins and impurities. The basic fractionation methodology affects the purity of subsequently processed intravenous preparations. Five of the seven products manufactured in Europe contained varying amounts of plasma proteins other than IgG. A residual heterologous protein was detected and quantitated in one product whose processing includes porcine pepsin treatment. Only one of the eight products was low in aggregates (as judged by both anticomplement activity and nephelometric turbidity), while three products contained anticomplement activity at levels high enough to be a potential cause of reactions in patients. In general, the level of prekallikrein activator activity was proportional to that of amidolytic activity; four products had only trace levels of amidolytic activity as well as prekallikrein activator. Only one product contained significant isoagglutinin levels, while six products had detectable IgA levels.
Facile Quenching and Spatial Patterning of Cylooctynes via Strain-Promoted Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition of Inorganic Azides (2017)

Little is known about the reactivity of strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reagents with inorganic azides. We explore the reactions of a variety of popular SPAAC reagents with sodium azide and hydrozoic acid. We find that the reactions proceed in water at rates comparable to those with organic azides, yielding in all cases a triazole adduct. The azide ion's utility as a cyclooctyne quenching reagent is demonstrated by using it to spatially pattern uniformly doped hydrogels. The facile quenching of cyclooctynes demonstrated here should be useful in other bioorthogonal ligation techniques in which cyclooctynes are employed, including SPANC, Diels-Alder, and thiol-yne.
THE CHEMISTRY OF SOME CONVOLVULACEOUS RESINS – PART III. TAMPICO, IPOMOEA AND SCAMMONY RESINS (1961)

See also: THE CHEMISTRY OF SOME CONVOLVULACEOUS RESINS – PART II. BRAZILIAN JALAPPlanta Med 1961; 9(02): 141-145DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1100334
A 2.4GHz 2Mb/s versatile PLL-based transmitter using digital pre-emphasis and auto calibration in 0.18&#x00B5;m CMOS for WPAN (2009)

A fully integrated 2.4GHz 2Mb/s transmitter which is part of a highly integrated WPAN RF transceiver SoC using a 0.18 mum RF CMOS 1P6M process is presented. The transmitter uses a DeltaSigma fractional-N PLL architecture. It transmits 2 Mb/s GFSK and GMSK modulated signals and is compliant with the IEEE802.15.4 and Bluetooth 1.2 standards. The transmitter consumes 18 mA at 3 dBm output power and occupies 1.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The transmitter does not use any quantisation noise cancellation techniques leading to 60% die area and 50% power consumption savings, yet meets the FCC emission regulations in restricted bands with 12 dB margin. It uses a novel calibration system that maintains a worst-case RMS phase error of 8.4deg for 2 Mb/s GMSK in the presence of plusmn50% variation in the PLL closed-loop bandwidth (CLBW). The calibration system consumes 0.4 mA for a period of 66 mus, which is significantly less power-consuming than a recently reported scheme.
<i>In vitro</i> priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against poorly immunogenic epitopes by engineered antigen‐presenting cells (1994)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize antigenic peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on the surface of target cells. Optimal induction of CD8+ CTL depends on the amount of relevant peptide/MHC-I complexes and the presence of co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). The antigen-processing defective mutant cell line RMA-S, when cultured at low temperature, expresses high amounts of MHC-I molecules that do not contain endogenously derived peptides. These "empty" MHC-I molecules can be stabilized by addition of MHC-binding peptides. RMA-S cultured at low temperatures with selected peptides have been used for in vitro CTL induction with conflicting results. RMA-S cells do not express detectable amounts of B7 co-stimulatory molecule. This could explain their unpredictable efficiency as APC. We have evaluated whether RMA-S cells, stably transfected with cDNA encoding for the human B7.1 molecule could provide effective co-stimulation for CD8+ T lymphocytes. RMA-S/B7 cells, loaded with different synthetic peptides, demonstrated a high and sometimes unique efficiency for in vitro primary CTL induction, even when "sub-optimal" antigen peptides were used. Most importantly, RMA-S/B7 cells pulsed with naturally processed peptides extracted from the poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma cells were able to prime CD8+ cells against B16 melanoma. We conclude that the use of RMA-S/B7 cells as APC represents an ideal strategy for in vitro CTL immunization without prior in vivo priming. This system may also help to address the issue of the different contributions of co-stimulation and relative occupancy of MHC-I by single peptide epitopes in CTL priming.
Fusion Proteins for Versatile Antigen Targeting to Cell Surface Receptors Reveal Differential Capacity to Prime Immune Responses (2010)

Targeting of proteins to APCs is an attractive strategy for eliciting adaptive immune responses. However, the relationship between the choice of the targeted receptor and the quality and quantity of responses remains poorly understood. We describe a strategy for expression of Ags including hydrophobic proteins as soluble fusion proteins that are optimized for proteasome-dependent MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation and form stable complexes with a wide variety of targeting Abs. Upon s.c. immunization, these complexes were initially taken up by CD169+ lymph node subcapsular sinus macrophages. In the OVA model system, receptor-targeted antigenic complexes primed specific T and B cell responses in vitro and in vivo at least 100-fold more efficiently than Ag alone. Comparison of 10 targeting receptors allowed us to establish a ranking with respect to priming of CD8+ T cell responses and demonstrated striking differences with respect to the relative efficacy of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subset and B cell priming. The described fusion proteins should help in developing optimized strategies for targeted delivery of protein Ags in the context of tolerization or vaccination.
Molecular Evaluation of Biopsy and Autopsy Specimens from Patients Receiving in Vivo Retroviral Gene Therapy (1999)

We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assay for the presence of retroviral vector and replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) in autopsy and biopsy specimens from patients who received inoculations of retroviral vector producer cells (VPCs) into brain tumors or apparently normal tissues surrounding resected tumors. The PCR assays were capable of detecting 1 or more proviral copies of vector or RCR in 500,000 cells. Of 113 patients treated in clinical trials between 1994 and 1997, autopsy specimens were available from 32 patients. Brain tumor biopsies were also available from 24 patients. A total of 346 specimens was analyzed. Vector DNA was detected in 55% of tumor samples and 22% of brain samples obtained from resection margins. In contrast, most of the nonbrain tissues were negative for vector DNA; only low levels (<0.03%) of vector sequence were detected in 6 of 240 (2.5%) nonbrain tissues. Vector DNA was not detected in gonadal tissues from 12 men and 10 women. More importantly, RCR was not detected in any of the 134 biopsy and autopsy tissues tested, including all brain tumor, brain, and gonadal specimens. These results comprise the largest data set on molecular analysis of autopsy specimens from patients receiving retroviral gene therapy and indicate that distribution of retroviral vectors following injection of high doses of VPCs is limited to the site of inoculation.
<sup>99m</sup> Tc-DTPA Uptake and Electrical Impedance Measurements in Verification of <i>In Vivo</i> Electropermeabilization Efficiency in Rat Muscle (2006)

The electrical impedance measurements method can be utilized in clinical settings to verify the efficiency of electropermeabilization applied to chemotherapy and to power RNAi (RNA-interference) and DNA-plasmid transfection in vaccination, immunization, and gene-therapy.
Highly Conductive Ink Jet Printed Films of Nanosilver Particles for Printable Electronics (2005)

The thermal behavior of the ink-jet printed conductive films composed of Ag particles was investigated. The use of the nanosized metallic particles allows the formation of the highly conductive patterns by ink-jet printing followed by heat-treatment at temperatures much lower than the bulk melting temperature. Two different sized Ag nanoparticles were used to study the size influence on sintering temperature of the granular metal films. The resistivity variation and microstructure of the Ag films was monitored as a function of temperature using a four-point probe and scanning electron microscopy as well as thermal analysis.
Id1 regulation of cellular senescence through transcriptional repression of p16/Ink4a (2001)

The Id family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulatory proteins does not possess a basic DNA-binding domain and functions as a negative regulator of basic HLH transcription factors. Id proteins coordinate cell growth and differentiation pathways within mammalian cells and have been shown to regulate G(1)-S cell-cycle transitions. Although much recent data has implicated Id1 in playing a critical role in modulating cellular senescence, no direct genetic evidence has been reported to substantiate such work. Here we show that Id1-null primary mouse embryo fibroblasts undergo premature senescence despite normal growth profiles at early passage. These cells possess increased expression of the tumor-suppressor protein p16/Ink4a but not p19/ARF, and have decreased cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 and cdk4 kinase activity. We also show that Id1 is able to directly inhibit p16/Ink4a but not p19/ARF promoter activity via its HLH domain, and that Id1 inhibits transcriptional activation at E-boxes within the p16/Ink4a promoter. Our data provide, to our knowledge, the first genetic evidence for a role for Id1 as an inhibitor of cellular senescence and suggest that Id1 functions to delay cellular senescence through repression of p16/Ink4a. Because epigenetic and genetic abrogation of p16/Ink4a function has been implicated in the evolution of several human malignancies, we propose that transcriptional regulation of p16/Ink4a may also provide a mechanism for the dysregulation of normal cellular growth controls during the evolution of human malignancies.
Nigh resolution IVUS elastography in patients (2002)

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) elastography is a new imaging technique that reveals local mechanical properties of the vascular wall by measuring the local strain. Last year, low resolution elastograms (64 angles) were presented. In this study, we present high resolution elastograms. Patients (n=8) referred for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty were investigated with an EndoSonics InVision echoapparatus. The beam-formed image mode (512 angles) ultrasound data (Fc=20 MHz) was acquired with an acquisition system that was assembled in collaboration with EndoSonics. Elastograms were determined using data acquired near end-diastole. In this phase of the pressure cycle, catheter motion was minimal. Frames with a pressure difference of approx. 5 mmHg were taken to determine the elastograms. Elastograms of soft, calcified and stented plaques were determined. The elastogram of a soft plaque, as identified from the deformation during the pressure cycle, reveals strain values up to 2% with increased strain regions at the shoulders of the plaque. Calcified material, as identified from the echogram, shows strain values of 0-0.2%. The elastogram of stented plaques reveals very low strain values, except for two regions: these are between the stent struts and at the shoulders of the plaque.