gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 74: Crucial Role of ROCK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice (2013)

Background We have previously demonstrated that Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Rho-kinase has 2 isoforms; ROCK1 for inflammatory cells and ROCK2 for VSMC. We thus examined the specific role of ROCK2 in VSMC in the pathogenesis of PAH. Methods and Results In patients with PAH as compared with controls, the immunoreactivity of ROCK2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 co-expressed with αSMA in pulmonary arterial media were markedly increased. Thus, we developed VSMC-specific ROCK2-deficient (ROCK2 +/- ) and VSMC-specific ROCK2-overexpressing (ROCK2-Tg) mice. The extent of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (10% O 2 for 4 weeks), as evaluated by pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure and RV hypertrophy, was significantly reduced in ROCK2 +/- mice and was enhanced in ROCK2-Tg mice compared with the littermates (n=10 each, all P<0.05). The expression of ROCK activity and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in lung tissues analyzed by Western blotting and the numbers of Ki67 + proliferating VSMC and CD45 + inflammatory cells in pulmonary arterioles revealed by immunostaining were significantly reduced in the ROCK2 +/- mice and were increased in the ROCK2-Tg mice compared with the littermates (n=4 each, all P<0.05). In cultured murine aortic VSMC, both scratch assay and Boyden chamber assay showed that migration activity was significantly reduced in the ROCK2 +/- VSMC and was increased in the ROCK2-Tg VSMC compared with littermates (n=5 each, both P<0.01). In addition, in primary pulmonary arterial VSMC (PASMC) cultured from patients with PAH, siRNA knockdown (-81%) of ROCK2 expression (ROCK2-siRNA) significantly suppressed the expression of ROCK activity and PDGF-induced phosphorylated ERK1/2 (n=4 each, both P<0.05). Compared with control-siRNA, PASMC transfected with ROCK2-siRNA exhibited significant reduction in both migration activity by scratch assay and proliferation activity by growth curve (n=3 each, both P<0.01). Conclusions ROCK2 in VSMC plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PH through enhanced VSMC migration and proliferation in mice in vivo.
Applying Webmining Techniques to Execution Traces to Support the Program Comprehension Process (2005)

Well-designed object-oriented programs typically consist of a few key classes that work tightly together to provide the bulk of the functionality. As such, these key classes are excellent starting points for the program comprehension process. We propose a technique that uses Webmining principles on execution traces to discover these important and tightly interacting classes. Based on two medium-scale case studies - Apache Ant and Jakarta JMeter - and detailed architectural information from its developers, we show that our heuristic does in fact find a sizeable number of the classes deemed important by the developers.
Reaction of Azides with Dichloroindium Hydride:  Very Mild Production of Amines and Pyrrolidin-2-imines through Possible Indium−Aminyl Radicals (2006)

Organic azides are easily reduced to the corresponding amines by reaction with dichloroindium hydride under very mild conditions and in a highly chemoselective fashion. Gamma-azidonitriles give rise to outstanding five-membered cyclizations affording pyrrolidin-2-imines. A rationalization of the overall experimental data cannot exclude the occurrence of competitive radical and nonradical pathways, but certain results are, however, soundly consistent with the intermediacy of indium-bound nitrogen-centered radicals. [reaction: see text]
Cross-Layer Mobility Management based on Mobile IP and SIP in IMS (2007)

IP multimedia subsystem ( IMS ) is a new network architecture for providing multimedia service in the next generation wireless networks, 3GPP has chosen session initiated protocol ( SIP ) to be the signaling protocol in IMS. At present, IMS can only support nomadic mobility but not seamless mobility. So a new solution is required to support seamless mobility in IMS. In this paper, we proposed a new cross-layer mobility management solution based on the integration of Mobile IP and SIP. In our proposed solution, we introduce a cross-layer module between home agent and S-CSCF, which can realize information exchange between network layer and application layer. Through the cross-layer module, the binding update message received by home agent can be translated and forwarded to S-CSCF to trigger the registration procedure in IMS. So the signaling between mobile node and home network can be reduced dramatically. Finally, we analyzed our proposed three mobility management solutions theoretically and made simulations based on our analysis. The simulation results demonstrated that the cross-layer mobility management solution brings smaller handoff delay and lower signaling overhead to the network than the other two solutions. So we can conclude that cross-layer mobility management solution can provide better mobility management for real-time service in IMS and achieve good scalability.
Cell Culture Studies on Antiviral Agents: I. Action of Cytosine Arabinoside and Some Comparisons with 5-Iodo-2-Deoxyuridine. (1964)

Cytosine arabinoside (CA) was shown to have antiviral activity in cell culture against the DNA viruses of herpes simplex, B-virus, pseudorabies, vaccinia, swine pox and fowl pox, but inactive against several adenoviruses and RNA viruses.
Augmenting adoptive T cell therapy through universal chimeric costimulators (2013)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive transfer of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL), T-cell receptor (TCR)-transduced PBL and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-transduced PBL have proven to be clinically effective. CARs have evolved by introducing cytoplastic costimulatory domains. Higher cytokine secretion
Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Properties of Crystalline Organic Semiconductors (2021)

Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) is a Fe(II)-αKG dependent oxygenase that acts as a cellular oxygen sensor in humans. FIH regulates the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1a or HIF), a transcription factor responsible cellular O<sub>2</sub> homeostasis. Hydroxylation of the target residue HIF-Asn<sup>803</sup>, found in the C-terminal transactivation domain (CTAD), inactivates HIF-dependent gene expression. Central to FIH’s function is the activation of O<sub>2</sub> after CTAD binding. The mechanistic and structural features of FIH leading to tight coupling between CTAD binding and subsequent O<sub>2</sub>-activation and reactivity are key for efficient O<sub>2</sub> sensing. Our mechanistic studies of WT FIH have revealed inverse solvent isotope effects (SIE) in the steady-state rate constants at limiting concentrations of CTAD or αKG providing direct evidence for aquo release during steady-state turnover. Moreover, the inverse SIEs arise due to a rate-limiting O<sub>2</sub> activation step. Characterization of FIH’s O<sub>2</sub> activation mechanism using a suite of kinetic probes indicates FIH limits its overall activity through αKG decarboxylation. A key aspect of FIH’s catalytic cycle is that binding and positioning of CTAD precedes O<sub>2</sub>-activation, yet the means by which CTAD binding stimulates O<sub>2</sub> activation is not well understood. The steady-state characterization of five FIH-Gln<sup>239</sup> variants tested the role of hydrogen bonding and sterics near the target residue. Coupling ratios indicated a disconnect between O<sub>2</sub> activation and CTAD hydroxylation in these variants, whereas WT was tightly coupled. This characterization showed that the proper positioning of HIF-Asn<sup>803</sup> by FIH-Gln<sup>239</sup> is necessary to suppress uncoupled turnover and to support substrate hydroxylation. The facial triad carboxylate of FIH (Asp<sup>201</sup>) makes a hydrogen bond to the axial aquo ligand that must be displaced O<sub>2</sub> activation to occur. Kinetic pK<sub>a</sub>s observed for Asp<sup>201</sup>-Gly indicate the H-bond gives stability to the Fe-H<sub>2</sub>O. Increased autohydroxylation rates were observed for Asp<sup>201</sup>-Glu compared to WT. New O<sub>2</sub> dependent chromophores are observed for Asp<sup>201</sup>-Gly and Asp<sup>201</sup>-Ala suggesting this H-bond is crucial to controlling O<sub>2</sub> reactivity. Overall, the data suggests FIH’s structure controls O<sub>2</sub> activation. Gln<sup>239</sup> ensures proper positioning of HIF-Asn<sup>803</sup> and Asp<sup>201</sup>provides stability to the Fe-H<sub>2</sub>O suppressing autohydroxylation. These structural features allow for FIH to efficiently sense O<sub>2</sub> to properly regulate HIF mediated gene transcription.
The diamond-tungsten carbide polycrystalline composite material (2011)

The sintering of a diamond composite from diamond and tungsten powders of submicron and nanosizes at high pressure and temperature has been discussed. It has been shown that as a result of the diamond and tungsten interaction tungsten carbide particles, which are chemically bonded to diamond particles, form in spaces between them. Over the whole volume of the composite the structure has been observed, where tungsten carbide and diamond grains are regularly placed and are uniform in size. An addition of a coarse diamond component to the composite has been found to contribute to an increase of the composite wear resistance. The optimal sintering parameters and formulation of this composite have been defined.
New Efficient Route for Synthesis of Lipid A by using Affinity Separation (2001)

New efficient synthesis of lipid A, an immunostimulating glycoconjugate of bacteria, was achieved for the construction of lipid A library by using synthesis based on affinity separation (SAS), where the compounds possessing a barbituric acid (BA)-tag are selectively and rapidly purified by interaction with an artificial receptor for BA. Glycosylation of a glycosyl acceptor possessing the BA-tag with a 4′-phosphorylated N-Troc glucosaminyl trichloroacetimidate gave the disaccharide 4′-phosphate, which was purified by the affinity separation. Successive removal of protective groups and introduction of acyl groups were then effected and the synthetic intermediate at each step was purified by the affinity separation. Cleavage of the tag and subsequent deprotection afforded Escherichia coli lipid A. SAS enabled the rapid preparation of lipid A, therefore, proved to be a promising method for synthesis of other complex glycoconjugates.
Bandwidth efficient coding for error control (1989)

One of the dramatic developments in bandwidth-efficient communications over the past few years is the introduction and rapid applications of combined coding and bandwidth efficient modulation, known as coded modulation, for error control. Using coded modulation, reliable data transmission can be attained without compromising bandwidth efficiency. Presented here are the basic concepts of coded modulation. Two simple examples are used to demonstrate how significant coding gains can be achieved without bandwidth expansion.
Generalized B-spline surfaces of arbitrary topology (1990)

B-spline surfaces, although widely used, are incapable of describing surfaces of arbitrary topology. It is not possible to model a general closed surface or a surface with handles as a single non-degenerate B-spline. In practice such surfaces are often needed. In this paper, we present generalizations of biquadratic and bicubic B-spline surfaces that are capable of capturing surfaces of arbitrary topology (although restrictions are placed on the connectivity of the control mesh). These results are obtained by relaxing the sufficient but not necessary smoothness constraints imposed by B-splines and through the use of an n-sided generalization of B&eacute;zier surfaces called S-patches.
An Investigation of the Signal Obtained from a Flame Infrared Emission (FIRE) Detector (1990)

The effect of temperature on the atmospheric asymmetric stretching vibration of carbon dioxide is studied by flame/furnace infrared emission (FIRE) spectroscopy, and a mathematical expression is developed for the resulting infrared emission signal produced by the FIRE detector. This theoretical model, which can easily be extended to other species besides carbon dioxide, is used to calculate the signal obtained for propane when the FIRE system is used as a detector for gas chromatography. Comparison of the calculated (70 μV) and experimentally observed (75.8 μV) chromatographic signal shows that the theoretical model should be of great value in improving and optimizing the FIRE detector.
Pesticide Exposure in Children (2012)

Pesticides are a collective term for a wide array of chemicals intended to kill unwanted insects, plants, molds, and rodents. Food, water, and treatment in the home, yard, and school are all potential sources of children's exposure. Exposures to pesticides may be overt or subacute, and effects range from acute to chronic toxicity. In 2008, pesticides were the ninth most common substance reported to poison control centers, and approximately 45% of all reports of pesticide poisoning were for children. Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning are perhaps the most widely known acute poisoning syndromes, can be diagnosed by depressed red blood cell cholinesterase levels, and have available antidotal therapy. However, numerous other pesticides that may cause acute toxicity, such as pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides, also have specific toxic effects; recognition of these effects may help identify acute exposures. Evidence is increasingly emerging about chronic health implications from both acute and chronic exposure. A growing body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates associations between parental use of pesticides, particularly insecticides, with acute lymphocytic leukemia and brain tumors. Prenatal, household, and occupational exposures (maternal and paternal) appear to be the largest risks. Prospective cohort studies link early-life exposure to organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides (primarily DDT) with adverse effects on neurodevelopment and behavior. Among the findings associated with increased pesticide levels are poorer mental development by using the Bayley index and increased scores on measures assessing pervasive developmental disorder, inattention, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Related animal toxicology studies provide supportive biological plausibility for these findings. Additional data suggest that there may also be an association between parental pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes including physical birth defects, low birth weight, and fetal death, although the data are less robust than for cancer and neurodevelopmental effects. Children's exposures to pesticides should be limited as much as possible.
SoC Design Environment with Automated Configurable Bus Generation for Rapid Prototyping (2006)

It is important in SoC design that the design and verification can be done easily and quickly. And RT-level simulation in verification methods is still necessary, but the usage is limited by its slow speed. Therefore we propose a SoC verification environment in which hardware parts are accelerated in FPGA and cores are modeled with ISS. To connect ISS in high abstraction level with emulator in pin-level accuracy, bus functional model (BFM) is used. For hardware debugging, bus monitor is designed. By post-processing the data obtained by bus monitoring, debugging and performance estimation are possible. For easy and quick design and verification, we developed a tool which creates configurable bus architectures automatically. With this, the design time from specification to FPGA based prototyping can be reduced remarkably. Thus fast verification and design space exploration are possible. AMBA is chosen as the SoC bus protocol.
A real-time sub-μrad laser beam tracking system (2007)

We present a rugged and reliable real-time laser beam tracking system operating with a high speed, high resolution piezo-electric tip/tilt mirror. Characteristics of the piezo mirror and position sensor are investigated. An industrial programmable automation controller is used to develop a real-time digital PID controller. The controller provides a one million field programmable gate array (FPGA) to realize a high closed-loop frequency of 50 kHz. Beam tracking with a root-mean-squared accuracy better than 0.15 μrad has been laboratory confirmed. The system is intended as an add-on module for established mechanical mrad tracking systems.
Improving Recommendations by Embedding Multi-Entity Relationships With Latent Dual-Metric Learning (2019)

Recently, latent vector embedding has become a research hotspot, with its great representative ability to measure the latent relationships among different views. However, most researches utilize the inner product of latent vectors as the representation of relationships, and they develop some embedding models based on this theory. In this paper, we take deep insight into the existing embedding models and find that utilizing the inner product may increase several problems: 1) in latent space, the inner product among three vectors may violate triangle principle; 2) the inner product cannot measure the relationships between vectors in the same category, such as user and user and item and item; and 3) the inner product cannot catch the collaborative relationships (user-user and item-item) for collaborative filtering. Along with this line, we propose a latent vector embedding model for collaborative filtering: latent dual metric embedding (LDME), which utilizes the dual-Euclidean distance in latent space, instead of the inner product, to represent different types of relationships (user-user, item-item, and user-item) with a uniform framework. Specifically, we design an embedding loss function in LDME, which can measure the close and remote relationships between entities, tackle the above problems, and achieve a more clear, well-explained embedding result. Extensive experiments are conducted on several real-world datasets (Amazon, Yelp, Taobao, and Jingdong), where the expiring results demonstrate that LDME can overperform some state-of-the-art user-item embedding models and can benefit the existing collaborative filtering models.
Real time intelligent sensor validation (2001)

The validation of data from sensors has become an important issue in the operation and control of modern power plants. One approach is to use knowledge based techniques to detect inconsistencies in measured data. These techniques involve two challenges: real time performance and the use of reasoning methods under uncertainty. This article presents an algorithm for intelligent sensor validation in real time environments. The algorithm utilizes a Bayesian network for the detection of a fault in a set of sensors. This Bayesian network represents the dependencies and independencies among all the sensors. A second Bayesian network isolates the faulty sensor among all the apparent faulty sensors. This isolation is made incrementally, i.e., a probability of failure vector is provided at any time and the quality of the belief measurements increases when more time is spent in the computation. This characteristic makes the algorithm suitable for use in real time environments. An empirical evaluation is presented in the validation of temperature sensors of a gas turbine in a combined cycle plant in Mexico.
An oscillatory interference model of grid cell firing (2007)

We expand upon our proposal that the oscillatory interference mechanism proposed for the phase precession effect in place cells underlies the grid-like firing pattern of dorsomedial entorhinal grid cells (O'Keefe and Burgess (2005) Hippocampus 15:853-866). The original one-dimensional interference model is generalized to an appropriate two-dimensional mechanism. Specifically, dendritic subunits of layer II medial entorhinal stellate cells provide multiple linear interference patterns along different directions, with their product determining the firing of the cell. Connection of appropriate speed- and direction-dependent inputs onto dendritic subunits could result from an unsupervised learning rule which maximizes postsynaptic firing (e.g. competitive learning). These inputs cause the intrinsic oscillation of subunit membrane potential to increase above theta frequency by an amount proportional to the animal's speed of running in the "preferred" direction. The phase difference between this oscillation and a somatic input at theta-frequency essentially integrates velocity so that the interference of the two oscillations reflects distance traveled in the preferred direction. The overall grid pattern is maintained in environmental location by phase reset of the grid cell by place cells receiving sensory input from the environment, and environmental boundaries in particular. We also outline possible variations on the basic model, including the generation of grid-like firing via the interaction of multiple cells rather than via multiple dendritic subunits. Predictions of the interference model are given for the frequency composition of EEG power spectra and temporal autocorrelograms of grid cell firing as functions of the speed and direction of running and the novelty of the environment.
Data-Driven Deployment and Cooperative Self-Organization in Ultra-Dense Small Cell Networks (2018)

Ultra-dense small-cell network is widely acknowledged as a key enabler for high capacity wireless networks. Some of the key challenges that ultra-dense networks face are profitable deployment distribution under complex traffic loads and efficient radio resource management (RRM) in excessive interference environments. Poor small-cell deployment locations can lead to excessive interference without clear profit margins and inefficient resource utilization. As such, data-driven small-cell deployment and self-organizing RRM of small-cell clusters are regarded as the two main technologies that can improve ultra-dense small-cell services. This paper first reviews the latest research in data-driven small-cell deployment using structured and unstructured social media data. A combination of irregular clustering techniques is used to identify hotspots, and natural language processing algorithms are used to identify blackspots. This paper then reviews recent advances in self-organization of small-cell RRM and analyzes how data can improve self-organization performance. Moreover, the idea of cooperative self-organization is introduced to further promote the self-organization capability. Finally, two ultra-dense small-cell RRM case studies are presented to demonstrate the performance which improves of cooperative self-organization.
Decrease of the D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson's disease (1996)

We investigated the dopamine receptor (DAR) mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 45 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 21 age-matched controls using the quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction method. Beta-actin mRNA was used as an internal control to evaluate the relative expression level of the DAR mRNA. There was a statistically significant decrease of the D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) mRNA expression in PD patients compared with that in controls. There was no change in expression of the D5 dopamine reception mRNA in PD patients. A further binding study showed reduction of the D3R binding sites in PD lymphocytes. The decrease of the D3R mRNA expression correlated with the degree of clinical severity in PD patients.