gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Percolation in Two-Dimensional Grain Boundary Structures and Polycrystal Property Closures (2005)

The thesis addresses two topics in the study of material properties as determined by the microstructure. The first topic involves percolation as a tool in relating the grain boundary structure to global properties such as fracture and corrosion resistance. The second investigates optimization techniques in order to find the space of values that properties of a material can take, from consideration of the microstructure. In part I, the applicability of standard lattice percolation models to a random 2-D grain structure is explored. A random network based on the triangle lattice is proposed as a more appropriate model, and results in a higher percolation threshold (0.711 compared with 0.653 for the standard hexagonal lattice). The triple junction constraint inherent in grain boundary structures is subsequently applied to the new network. This results in a lowering of the percolation threshold to 0.686, which turns out to be very close to the value obtained from the hexagonal lattice under the same constraint. In Part II, an efficient method for finding the closure of a bi-objective optimization problem involving two material properties is formulated. The method is based upon two algorithms developed to find the Pareto front in multi-objective problems — the weighted sum, and the normal boundary intersection methods. The resultant procedure uses quadratic programming (QP) to find as many points on the closure as possible, changing to the less efficient sequential quadratic programming (SQP) only where necessary to find points on concave, or almost concave, regions. Improvements on the method are demonstrated using extra linear constraints in the generalized weighted sum (GWS) algorithm, and multiple GWS trials at each stage. Optimization using only the linear part of the problem is shown to give excellent results for the particular example used, and may help to achieve an approximate closure more quickly for larger problems. An adaptation of a common Pareto front method from genetic algorithms — the maxmin algorithm — is also demonstrated. The efficiency of the method is found to be reasonable for finding closures in the test case. Other general optimization techniques for the form of the problem in-hand are explored for completeness of the study. These include a survey of unconstrained techniques that might be useful in large-scale problems, and an in-depth application of QP for the constrained case.
Load Dependence of Hardness in Sintered Submicrometer Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> and ZrO <sub>2</sub> (1995)

Monolithic alumina bodies with a grain size of 0.5 μm and submicrometer tetragonal ZrO 2 (3 mol% Y 2 O 3 ) polycrystals were produced and investigated. With decreasing indentation load, the hardness increases but may again decrease below about 5 N; relevant measurements require the application of fairly high loads. Decreasing grain sizes increase the hardness of alumina and zirconia ceramics even for very small grain sizes in the submicrometer range.
Alterations in Serotonin and Neuropeptide Y Content of Cerebrovascular Sympathetic Nerves following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (1989)

The effect of an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) upon neurotransmitter content in sympathetic nerves supplying the major cerebral arteries of the rat has been examined by immunohistochemical analysis and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). In particular, changes that occur in sympathetic nerve content of the vasoconstrictor agents serotonin (5-HT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which are colocalized with noradrenaline, were assessed. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by a single injection of autologous arterial blood into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space of the cisterna magna. The density of 5-HT-containing and NPY-containing perivascular nerve fibers per unit area of vessels was measured at defined intervals from 15 min to 5 days post-SAH. In addition, an HPLC study was performed to quantify the actual amounts of 5-HT and noradrenaline present in circle of Willis vessels at 3 h post-SAH. Comparison was made with sham-operated animals and animals that received a cisternal injection of buffered saline in place of blood. Our results reveal a major increase in cerebrovascular sympathetic nerve content of serotonin, arising by uptake, presumably from subarachnoid blood clot, within the first 3 h post-SAH. Neuropeptide Y content, however, decreased from 3 up to 48 h posthemorrhage. By 3 days post-SAH, when the majority of subarachnoid clot had resorbed, the sympathetic nerve content of both NPY and 5-HT was restored to normal. This pattern of change was not observed in either sham-operated or saline-injected controls.
No evidence of temperature-dependent sex determination or sex-biased embryo mortality in the chicken (2013)

Skewing the sex ratio at hatch in commercial poultry would be economically beneficial to the poultry industry. The existence of temperature-dependent sex determination is uncertain in birds. This experiment investigated if incubation temperatures skew sex ratios of commercial broilers. Three incubators were each set at a hot (38.3°C), standard (37.5°C), or cool (36.7°C) single-stage incubation temperature one time over 3 trials to eliminate incubator effect as a Latin square design. Sex ratios of hatched chicks and dead embryos were monitored. In one trial, embryo weights were evaluated. The percentages of male hatched chicks did not differ based on incubation temperature (P = 0.4486; 49.5% in the hot treatment, 51.4% at standard temperature, and 49.8% in the cool treatment). The percent hatch of eggs set was lower in the hot treatment (83.6%) than the standard (93.5%) and cool (91.6%) treatments (P < 0.0001) with greater late embryonic mortality in the hot treatment (P < 0.0001); however, the sex ratio of dead embryos did not differ among treatments (P = 0.9863). Pooled data of embryo mortality found no sex-biased embryo mortality with a female/male sex ratio of 1.22:1 (χ(2) = 1.27; P = 0.2596). Embryos from the hot treatment were heavier than those from the standard treatment by d 14 of incubation and were heavier than the embryos from the cool treatment by d 9 of incubation (P < 0.0001). These data indicate that incubation temperature affects embryonic mortality and embryonic growth rate, but it does not affect the sex ratio of broiler chickens. Additionally, no evidence was found for sex-biased embryo mortality in commercial broilers even at the incubation temperatures of this study.
Hydrolysis of small peptide substrates parallels binding of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 for mutants of subtilisin BPN' (1993)

Variants of subtilisin BPN' that possess improved specificity towards isoleucine compared with alanine at the P4 position of small peptide substrates, were analysed for their ability to bind chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. The binding of the inhibitor with isoleucine (wild-type) and with alanine as the P4 residue parallels the hydrolysis of tetrapeptide substrates. There is a linear relationship between the free energy of binding of the transition state of the substrate and the free energy of binding of the inhibitor with a slope of 2.0. The data suggest that the inhibitor uses predominantly ground state rather than transition state binding energy.
112Gb/s DP-QPSK Transmission Over 2427km SSMF Using Small-Size Silicon Photonic IQ Modulator and Low-Power CMOS Driver (2013)

We report 2427km, 112Gb/s DP-QPSK optical transmission using the smallest Silicon Photonic modulator and lowest power CMOS MZM driver. BER characterization of this device demonstrates comparable performance relative to a commercial LiNbO3 modulator.
Survivable Physical topology design for Alloptical Metro core networks (2013)

Along with the development of bandwidth consuming services, fiber optic is being widely used, especially in the metro core networks. Many solutions have been proposed for designing optical network topology. However, these solutions designed networks with a lot of fiber redundancy. This paper proposes a solution for designing physical topology of optical metro core networks with the objectives of (i) ensuring traffic requirements between the network nodes, (ii) minimizing fiber cost, and (iii) assuring the network survivability. The numerical results show that the proposed solution satisfies those objectives and save more fiber than existing solutions.
Formation constant of tetrakis(cyano)palladate(2-) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleFormation constant of tetrakis(cyano)palladate(2-)R. D. Hancock and A. EversCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 4, 995–996Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50158a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50158a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image Compression By Quadtree Decomposition And Truncation (1986)

This paper describes an image compression method based on a hierarchical segmentation scheme into polygonal homogeneous regions. Adequate homogeneity criteria are selected through statistical discriminant analysis. Once segmentation is completed, the coding process consists in formingacompact representation of region shapes together with a suitable approximation of each region's content. Two types of coding are represented: a graphics-quality coding based on zero-order approximation of region content and a television-quality coding based on moment-preserving bi-level truncation.
Influence of multiple scattering and energy loss straggling on the absorbed dose distributions of therapeutic light ion beams: I. Analytical pencil beam model (2004)

The lateral and longitudinal distributions of absorbed dose of broad and narrow light ion beams in water are investigated. An analytical algorithm based on the generalized Fermi-Eyges theory is developed and used to calculate the effects of multiple scattering and range straggling on the dose distribution of light ion beams in water. A first-order Gaussian multiple scattering and energy loss straggling approach is generally sufficiently accurate for describing the lateral and longitudinal spread of the Bragg peak and the associated energy deposition distribution of therapeutic light ion beams at ranges of clinical interest. Nuclear reactions are not taken into account in this study. The analytical algorithm given in the present study allows an accurate description of the radial spread and the range straggling of light ions traversing matter. A verification of this approach by comparing with experimental data, Monte Carlo methods and other analytical techniques will be presented in a forthcoming paper.
Therapeutic Potential of Exogenous Ubiquitin during Resuscitation from Severe Trauma (2004)

Ubiquitin is apparently safe and effective for reducing fluid requirements as a measure of diffuse capillary leak. This immunomodulatory property suggests a new therapeutic approach after injury in particular, and for infectious and noninfectious inflammation in general.
Studies on Lignin and Related Products. VII.<sup>1</sup> The Isolation of Certain Compounds from Lignin Oxidation Mixtures by Chromatographic Techniques<sup>2,3</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Lignin and Related Products. VII.1 The Isolation of Certain Compounds from Lignin Oxidation Mixtures by Chromatographic Techniques2,3Irwin A. Pearl and Edgar E. DickeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 3, 614–617Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01123a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01123a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Property Relationships in Dendritic Encapsulation (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Numerical simulation of interaction between forest ecosystem and atmosphere boundary layer]. (2004)

Based on the basic principles of atmosphere boundary layer and plant canopy micrometeorology, a numerical model of the interaction between forest ecosystem and atmosphere boundary layer was built, and used to simulate the diurnal variations of heat balance in forest ecosystem, canopy temperature, air temperature in canopy, and ground surface temperature, as well as those of the profiles and temporal and spatial distributions of potential temperature, wind speed, specific humidity and turbulence exchange coefficient. It indicated that the model could be used to study the interaction between land surface process and atmospheric boundary layer over various underlying surface and regional climate effect, which supplied a solid base to the researches on coupling climate models with the biosphere.
Atomic-Scale Pattern Control of Surfaces on Functional Oxide Thin Films and Glass Plates (2010)

Atomic-scale surface modification of silicate glass plates was demonstrated by applying a thermal nanoimprint technique using self-assembled oxide nanopattern molds, which were atomically stepped sapphires (α-Al2O3 single crystal) (step height of about 0.2 nm and terrace width of about 100 nm) or originally developed multiple nanogrooved NiO thin films (groove depth, width, and separation of about 25, 70, and 150 nm, respectively). Atomically stepped or nanowire patterns were successfully formed on the nanoimprinted glass surface. The former surface-modified glass has atomic steps (step height of about 0.2 nm) and atomically smooth terraces (RMS roughness of about 0.10 nm). The stepped pattern on the nanoimprinted glass (glass transition temperature of 521°C) disappeared after annealing at temperatures above 600°C. In addition, glass nanoimprint on the atomically stepped glass plate using graphite molds (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)) was examined preliminarily. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2010.44]
Modification of polyolefin films by photochlorination (1972)

Composite polyolefin membranes with graded chlorination gradient were obtained by photochlorination of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene films using ultraviolet and visible light. The maximum chlorine contents of these membranes were 12%, 8.5%, and 6.5%, respectively. As for polyethylene, the surface photochlorination reduced gas permeation of carbon dioxide and oxygen down to 1/30 and 1/21 of the original polyethylene; it also improved the wettability without changing substantially other favorable physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and water vapor permeation. The water contact angle of chlorinated polyethylene was comparable to that of poly(vinyl chloride). The infrared spectra suggest the presence of the chlorine of the CHClCHCl type rather than of the CCl2 type in the photochlorination of polyethylene. In an effort to obtain useful membranes with a photocrosslinking functional group as a side chain, surface-photochlorinated polyethylene was allowed to react with sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate or sodium N-methyl-N-carboxymethyldithiocarbamate in dimethylformamide at 50°C for 48 hr according to the procedure by which poly(vinyl chloride) was previously reacted. The polymer thus obtained has 4.1 mole-% SCSNMe2 and 3.4 mole-% SCSN(CH3)CH2COONa groups.
A Novel Method for Preparation of Ethyl [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoroacetate (2007)

A simple and fast method for preparation of ethyl [ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F]fluoroacetate which can be operated by remote control has been established, using distillation for purification. By this development, it has become possible to obtain ethyl [18F]fluoroacetate in a short synthesis time of 29 min and with a reproducible radiochemical yield of 28.6 plusmn 3.6 %, (decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of ethyl [18F]fluoroacetate was more than 95%.
Comparison of single‐shot localization methods (steam and press) for <i>In vivo</i> proton NMR spectroscopy (1989)

Two single-shot localization techniques, STEAM and PRESS, are analyzed with regard to specifications for in vivo localized proton NMR. In particular, attention is paid to optimum signal intensity per unit volume, sensitivity to motion and diffusion, shortest attainable echo time, water suppression and editing possibilities. Experimental results are shown for cat brain at 4.7 T and human brain at 1.5 T. Both STEAM and PRESS are highly effective localization methods. For long echo times, PRESS is the method of choice, because it offers a factor of two gain in signal intensity. In addition, the method is less sensitive to motion and diffusion, and not susceptible to multiple-quantum effects. STEAM offers advantages for observation of (coupled) metabolites with short T2, because (a) shorter TEs can be attained and (b) effective water suppression sequences can be implemented without penalty in echo time. Differences relating to editing possibilities and B1 dependence, possibly important in choosing a method, are discussed.
Induction of "petite" mutants of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by photodynamic action of acriflavine. (1984)

Treatment of yeast cells with acriflavine followed by illumination with fluorescent lamps resulted in extensive "petite" induction in addition to rapid cell inactivation and nuclear gene mutation. There was no petite induction or cell inactivation in the un-illuminated cells. Such photobiological damage induced by acriflavine was not observed under deoxygenated conditions, such as in the presence of NaN3, which is a scavenger of singlet oxygen (1O2). Photodynamic treatment of yeast cells did not cause marked changes in the CsCl sedimentation profile of mitochondrial DNA. These results showed that the petite induction and the cell inactivation after acriflavine treatment are mainly due to type II photodynamic action.
<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 Function by an Electrochemiluminescent Assay (2016)

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a revolutionary genome-editing tool that enables targeted and efficient gene knockouts. However, the off-target effects and loci-dependent enzyme activity limit its uses on the field of research and treatment. In this study, we designed a convenient and sensitive in vitro test method, which was based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology for evaluating cleavage activity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. It was find that Cas9 can tolerate some common genetic modifications to its target DNA. It was also find that target DNA/sgRNA with single-base mismatch and UV damages of target DNA resulted in significantly reduction of Cas9 cleavage efficiency. Comparing with traditional method, the proposed method reduced the evaluation time from weeks to 2 h. Therefore, our study provides a versatile in vitro method for a priori analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 system and highlights the potential to guide in vivo genome editing.
Gavin Casey: The View from Kalgoorlie (1964)

The writing style of Gavin Stoddart Casey is considered to encapsulate the essence of the common man's life and society in a small town like Kalgoorlie, where he was born. He highlights the concept of 'mateship' and life at the goldfields through his works 'It's Harder for Girls' (1942), Snowball (1958) and 'The Man Whose Name was Mud' (1963) in a disillusioned, gently melancholic style.
An Energy Aware Adaptive Sampling Algorithm for Energy Harvesting WSN with Energy Hungry Sensors (2016)

Wireless sensor nodes have a limited power budget, though they are often expected to be functional in the field once deployed for extended periods of time. Therefore, minimization of energy consumption and energy harvesting technology in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are key tools for maximizing network lifetime, and achieving self-sustainability. This paper proposes an energy aware Adaptive Sampling Algorithm (ASA) for WSN with power hungry sensors and harvesting capabilities, an energy management technique that can be implemented on any WSN platform with enough processing power to execute the proposed algorithm. An existing state-of-the-art ASA developed for wireless sensor networks with power hungry sensors is optimized and enhanced to adapt the sampling frequency according to the available energy of the node. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using two in-field testbeds that are supplied by two different energy harvesting sources (solar and wind). Simulation and comparison between the state-of-the-art ASA and the proposed energy aware ASA (EASA) in terms of energy durability are carried out using in-field measured harvested energy (using both wind and solar sources) and power hungry sensors (ultrasonic wind sensor and gas sensors). The simulation results demonstrate that using ASA in combination with an energy aware function on the nodes can drastically increase the lifetime of a WSN node and enable self-sustainability. In fact, the proposed EASA in conjunction with energy harvesting capability can lead towards perpetual WSN operation and significantly outperform the state-of-the-art ASA.
Silicon microring weight banks for multivariate RF photonics (2017)

Microring weight banks enable novel analog processing approaches in silicon photonics. Incorporating statistical techniques, they can implement wideband dimensionality reduction. We demonstrate principal component analysis of three 1GHz signals in a microring weight bank.