gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Thermodynamic Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry (1968)

Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition 1. Introduction 2. The ionic model 3. The alkali and alkaline earth metals 4. Solution equilibria and electrode potentials 5. The solubility of ionic salts and the hydration energies of ions 6. Transition metal chemistry 7. Bond energies and non-metal chemistry Appendices References Index.
Design of a High-Speed Differential Frequency-to-Voltage Converter and Its Application in a 5-GHz Frequency-Locked Loop (2008)

This paper presents a new algorithm and circuit implementation for high-speed frequency-to-voltage converters (FVC). The proposed system overcomes the deficiencies of a previously reported converter and can operate about 20 times faster. To validate this FVC and show its usefulness, it was used in the design of a frequency locked loop. For the design of this loop, it was found that existing analytical models were incomplete in that they neglect the delay associated to frequency measurements. We proposed a new model which, unlike previous work, shows that frequency locked loops can potentially be unstable. Simulations confirm this fact and also show that the proposed implementation can operate at 5 GHz. To validate the results, a prototype circuit has been fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology. Tests performed on the prototype show that it runs reliably at 3.84 GHz and consumes 77.4 mW with a 1.8-V power supply when biasing circuitry is included.
Gaining Strategic Advantage Through Bibliomining (2011)

Library and information services in corporations, schools, universities and communities capture information about their users, circulation history, resources in the collection and search patterns (Koenig, 1985). Unfortunately, few libraries have taken advantage of these data as a way to improve customer service, manage acquisition budgets or influence strategic decision making about uses of information in their organizations. In this chapter, we present a global view of the data generated in libraries, and the variety of decisions that those data can inform. We describe ways in which library and information managers can use data mining in their libraries, i.e., bibliomining, to understand patterns of behavior among library users and staff members and patterns of information resource use throughout the institution. The chapter examines data sources and possible applications of data mining techniques in the library.
Ringöffnungen der Azole, IV. Die Synthese von 1.2.4‐Triazolen aus 5‐substituierten Tetrazolen und Carbonsäure‐imidchloriden (1960)

5-Substituierte Tetrazole erleiden, ähnlich wie mit Carbonsäurechloriden, auch mit Carbonsäure-imidchloriden eine Ringsprengung. Die zwitterionische, hypothet. Zwischenstufe stabilisiert sich durch Schließung des 1.2.4-Triazolringes. In 19 Beispielen werden gute bis sehr gute Ausbeuten an den 3.4.5-trisubstituierten 1.2.4-Triazolen erzielt.
A 3‐portal approach for arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis (2009)

We present a 3-portal approach for arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis with the patient in the prone position. The prone position allows the use of the two standard posterior portals and it allows for accurate control of hindfoot alignment during surgery. Furthermore, the introduction of talocalcaneal lag screws is easy with the patient in this position. In addition to the standard posterior portals, an accessory third portal is created at the level of the sinus tarsi for introduction of a large diameter blunt trocar to open up the subtalar joint. Due to the curved geometry of the posterior subtalar joint, removal of the anterior articular cartilage is impossible by means of the posterior portals only. An advantage of the 3-portal approach is that ring curettes can be introduced through the accessory sinus tarsi portal to remove the articular cartilage of the anterior part of the posterior talocalcaneal joint. Arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis in patients with a talocalcaneal coalition presents a technical challenge as the subtalar joint space is limited. The 3-portal technique was successfully used in three subsequent patients with a talocalcaneal coalition; bony union of the subtalar arthrodesis occurred at 6 weeks following surgery. With the 3-portal technique, a safe and time-efficient arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis can be performed even in cases with limited subtalar joint space such as in symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition.
Robust grid registration for non-blind PSF estimation (2012)

Given a blurred image of a known test grid and an accurate estimate of the unblurred image, it has been demonstrated that the underlying blur kernel (or point-spread function, PSF) can be reliably estimated. Unfortunately, the estimate of the sharp image can be sensitive to common imperfections in the setup used to obtain the blurred image, and errors in the image estimate result in an unreliable PSF estimate. We propose a robust ad-hoc method to estimate a sharp prior image, given a blurry, noisy image of the test grid from Joshi<sup>1</sup> taken in imperfect lab and lighting conditions. The proposed algorithm is able to reliably reject superfluous image content, can deal with spatially-varying lighting, and is insensitive to errors in alignment of the grid with the image plane. We demonstrate the algorithms performance through simulation, and with a set of test images. We also show that our grid registration algorithm leads to improved PSF estimation and deblurring, compared to an affine registration using spatially invariant lighting correction.
CO 2 uptake potential due to concrete carbonation: A case study (2017)

The cement manufacturing process accounts for about 5% CO2 (carbon dioxide) released into the atmosphere. However, during its life cycle, concrete may capture CO2 through carbonation, in order to, partially, offset the impact of its production. Thus, this paper aims at studying the CO2 uptake potential of the Itaipu Dam due to concrete carbonation of such material. So, 155 cores were extracted from the concrete dam in different points to measure carbonation depth. In order to evaluate its influence on carbonation, the measurement of internal moisture distribution in concrete was also carried out. The results have shown that carbonation takes part of the whole dam area, indicating CO2 uptake potential. Up to the present moment, 13,384 tons of CO2 have been absorbed by concrete carbonation of the Itaipu Dam.
Creatine kinase: re-examination of optimum reaction conditions. (1977)

Abstract I have re-examined optimum reaction conditions for measurement of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2). The optimum pH is 6.45, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitrotriethanol acetate, 200 mmol/liter, is the buffer of choice. Thioglycerol, 20 mmol/liter, is superior for both in-assay reactivation and for storage stability of sera. Fluoride, 25 mmol/liter, a broad inactivator of adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), has little effect on creatine kinase and is superior to AMP for adenylate kinase inhibition in the assay of creatine kinase. Magnesium ion, ADP, and buffer concentrations are interdependent and their optima must be determined together. The hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity ratio should not exceed 1.6. The range of linearity is limited by the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD+ concentrations. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ADP, and NAD+ are the constituents most likely to result in unacceptable blanks. Creatine kinase is inhibited noncompetitively by anions: acetate and fluoride inhibit slightly, but sulfates, nitrates, and excessive chlorides should be avoided.
Analysis of the spontaneous emission rate of multiple-phase-shift distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (1990)

A general expression for the spontaneous emission rate of multiple-phase-shift DFB semiconductor lasers is given using the transfer matrix based on the Green's function method. The spontaneous emission rate for coupled phase-shift DFB lasers is calculated.
Elevated Risk of Being Charged with a Crime for People with a Severe and Persistent Mental Illness (2000)

This paper examines the criminal justice involvement of people served in a statewide system of care for people with severe and persistent mental illness, a concern of both the mental health and the law enforcement communities. Rates at which service recipients were charged with a crime were determined using Probabilistic Population Estimation to measure the number of people shared between anonymous data sets. Results indicate that members of the treatment group were significantly more likely to get into trouble with the law than members of the general population. Elevated risk is substantially greater for women and for older treatment recipients.
Herkunft des Lasterschemas (1990)

Der amerikanische Soziologe Merton kommt - so ein für diese Arbeit bedeutsamer Hinweis von Lepenies (12) — beim Begriff des Rückzugsverhaltens auf den hier zunächst wichtigen Begriff Acedia in konzentrierter und zugleich gebildeter Weise zu sprechen: Dennoch ist das Syndrom des Rückzugsverhaltens Jahrhunderte lang mit dem Etikett accidie (oder, in wechselnder Weise, acedy, acedia und accidia) versehen und von der römisch-katholischen Kirche als eine Todsünde aufgefaßt worden. Als Faulheit und Betäubung, in welcher die ‘Quellen des Geistes vertrocknen’, hat die acedia vom Mittelalter an die Theologen interessiert. Zumindest seit der Zeit Langlands und Chaucers hat sie die Aufmerksamkeit wissenschaftlich und literarisch interessierter Männer und Frauen erregt, über Burton bis hin zu Aldous Huxley und Rebecca West. Unzählige Psychiater haben sich mit ihr in der Form von Apathie, Melancholie oder ‘anhedonia’ beschäftigt. Soziologen aber haben dem Syndrom nur vereinzelt geringe Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Dennoch scheint es, daß diese Form abweichenden Verhaltens ihre sozialen Ursachen ebenso wie ihre manifesten sozialen Folgen besitzt […].
Extracellular Signal Molecule(s) Involved in the Carbon Starvation Response of Marine <i>Vibrio</i> sp. Strain S14 (1998)

The role of exogenous metabolites as putative signal molecules mediating and/or regulating the carbon starvation adaptation program in Vibrio sp. strain S14 was investigated. Addition of the stationary-phase supernatant extract (SSE) of Vibrio sp. strain S14 to logarithmic-phase cells resulted in a significant number of carbon starvation-induced proteins being up-regulated. Halogenated furanones, putative antagonists of acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), inhibited the synthesis of proteins specifically induced upon carbon starvation. The effect of the furanone was the opposite of that caused by SSE with respect to the up- and down-regulation of protein expression, indicating that both the furanone and the putative signalling molecules were acting on the same regulatory pathway. Culturability was rapidly lost when Vibrio sp. strain S14 was starved in the presence of the furanone at a low concentration. The furanone also had a negative effect on the ability of carbon-starved cells to mount resistance against UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide exposure. The SSE of Vibrio sp. strain S14 had the ability to provide cross-protection against the loss in viability caused by the furanone. We have further demonstrated that the SSE taken from low- as well as high-cell-density cultures of Vibrio sp. strain S14 induced luminescence in Vibrio harveyi. Taken together, the results in this report provide evidence that Vibrio sp. strain S14 produces extracellular signalling metabolites during carbon and energy starvation and that these molecules play an important role in the expression of proteins crucial to the development of starvation- and stress-resistant phenotypes.
Effect of high creatine content on the Kodak single-slide method for creatinine. (1988)

Journal Article Effect of high creatine content on the Kodak single-slide method for creatinine. Get access S F Sena, S F Sena Dept. of Pathol., Hartford Hospital, CT 06115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Syed, D Syed Dept. of Pathol., Hartford Hospital, CT 06115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R B McComb R B McComb Dept. of Pathol., Hartford Hospital, CT 06115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 34, Issue 3, 1 March 1988, Pages 594–595, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.3.594 Published: 01 March 1988
Molecular mimicry in primary biliary cirrhosis. Evidence for biliary epithelial expression of a molecule cross-reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2. (1993)

Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) react with enzymes of the 2-oxo dehydrogenase pathways, particularly PDC-E2. These enzymes are present in all nucleated cells, yet autoimmune damage is confined to biliary epithelial cells. Using a panel of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies and a human combinatorial antibody specific for PDC-E2, we examined by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy sections of liver from patients with PBC, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, and hepatocarcinoma. The monoclonal antibodies gave typical mitochondrial immunofluorescence on biliary epithelium and on hepatocytes from patients with either PBC, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, or hepatocarcinoma. However, one of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies (C355.1) and the human combinatorial antibody reacted with great intensity and specificity with the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells from patients with PBC. Simultaneous examination of these sections with an antiisotype reagent for human IgA revealed high IgA staining in the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells in patients with PBC. IgG and IgA antibodies to PDC-E2 were detected in the bile of patients with PBC but not normal controls. We believe that this data may be interpreted as indicating that a molecule cross-reactive with PDC-E2 is expressed at high levels in the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells in PBC.
DC260126: A Small-Molecule Antagonist of GPR40 that Protects against Pancreatic β-Cells Dysfunction in db/db Mice (2013)

G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) mediates both acute and chronic effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on insulin secretion. However, it remains controversial whether inhibition of GPR40 would be beneficial in prevention of type 2 diabetes. This study is designed to evaluate the potential effects of DC260126, a small molecule antagonist of GPR40, on β-cell function following administration of 10 mg/kg dose of DC260126 to obese diabetic db/db mice. Oral glucose tolerance test, glucose stimulated insulin secretion and insulin tolerance test were used to investigate the pharmacological effects of DC260126 on db/db mice after 21-days treatment. Immunohistochemistry and serum biochemical analysis were also performed in this study. Although no significant change of blood glucose levels was found in DC260126-treated mice, DC260126 significantly inhibited glucose stimulated insulin secretion, reduced blood insulin level and improved insulin sensitivity after 3 weeks administration in db/db mice. Moreover, DC260126 reduced the proinsulin/insulin ratio and the apoptotic rate of pancreatic β-cells remarkably in DC260126-treated db/db mice compared to vehicle-treated mice (p<0.05, n = 8). The results suggest that although DC260126 could not provide benefit for improving hyperglycemia, it could protect against pancreatic β-cells dysfunction through reducing overload of β-cells, and it increases insulin sensitivity possibly via alleviation of hyperinsulinemia in db/db mice.
Optical characterization of autostereoscopic 3‐D displays (2008)

Abstract— Display‐measurement methods different from conventional 2‐D display measurements are needed for verifying the optical characteristics of autostereoscopic (3‐D) displays and for comparing different 3‐D display technologies. Industry is lacking standardized measurement methods, and the reported results can not always be compared. The selected set of characteristics discussed in this paper and partly defining the quality of the 3‐D experience are crosstalk, viewing freedom, and optimum viewing distance. Also, more conventional display characteristics such as luminance are discussed, since the definitions for these characteristics in 3‐D mode usually differ from those used for the 2D displays. We have investigated how these chosen 3‐D display characteristics can be objectively measured from transmissive two‐view and multiview 3‐D displays. The scope of this article is to generally define those basic characteristics as well as the different measurement methods. Most of the 3‐D characteristics can be derived from the luminance and colors versus the viewing angle. Either a conoscopic or a goniometric measurement system can be used, as long as the angular and stray‐light properties are suitable and known. The characteristics and methods are currently discussed in the display‐quality standardization forums.
Mechanisms of angiogenesis: Role of hydrogen sulphide (2010)

Summary 1. Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) has recently been recognized as a gasotransmitter that regulates angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo under physiological and ischaemic conditions. 2. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis are summarized briefly and the most recent progress in H 2 S‐induced angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro is described. The anti‐angiogenic effects of garlic extracts, which may serve as substrates for H 2 S‐generating enzymes in vivo , are also discussed. 3. Hydrogen sulphide increases cell growth, migration and the formation of tube‐like structures in cultured endothelial cells. These effects are dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–Akt–survivin signalling pathway. Neovascularization in vivo has also been demonstrated to be promoted in the mouse Matrigel plug assay, as well as in chicken chorioallantoic membranes. In a rat unilateral hindlimb ischaemic model, treatment with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), an H 2 S donor, promotes significant angiogenesis and improves regional blood flow. These effects may be mediated by interactions between upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skeletal muscle cells and VEGF receptor 2 and the downstream signalling element Akt in vascular endothelial cells. However, H 2 S does not exhibit a pro‐angiogenic effect at a high concentrations/doses. 4. Based on the studies reviewed in the present article, we assume that, at physiologically relevant doses/concentrations, H 2 S/HS − promote angiogenesis at least partly via the VEGF signalling pathway. At high doses, H 2 S/HS − may act on additional cellular targets to evoke mechanisms that counteract the pro‐angiogenic pathways. More studies need to be performed analysing the general interactions between H 2 S/HS − and other molecules, including other gasotranmitters, such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide (CO).
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: Its Protection By a Free Radical Scavenger, N-2-Mercaptopropionyl Glycine (Infarctina, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Oxygen Free Radicals, Antioxidants). (1985)

N-2-Mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), a free radical scavenger, was evaluated for its ability to limit the extent of irreversible injury resulting from 90 minutes of ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion in a canine model of myocardial infarction. Administration of MPG (20 mg/kg; intraatrially) at the onset of ischemia and throughout the early phase of reperfusion, or before the onset of reperfusion and continuing throughout the early phase of reperfusion resulted in a 34% reduction in myocardial infarct size. Hemodynamic and radioactive microsphere studies revealed that the cardioprotective effects of MPG could not be attributed to a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption or the redistribution of regional myocardial blood flow. In vitro studies indicated that MPG effectively scavenges superoxide anion generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction as well as by activated canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In order to determine if the cardioprotective effect of MPG was (1) attributable to its reaction with oxygen metabolites generated by myocardial sources or (2) secondary to effects on PMNs and their secretory products (e.g. oxygen metabolites), MPG was evaluated for its ability to limit the extent of myocardial injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion in dogs which were depleted on PMNs with specific antisera. Administration of neutrophil antiserum resulted in a 33% reduction in infarct size (from 45.6 (+OR-) 3.7% in dogs receiving nonimmune serum to 30.7 (+OR-) 2.7% in dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum, p < 0.01). The combined administration of neutrophil antiserum plus MPG reduced infarct size by 63% in comparison to controls which received nonimmune serum (17.1 (+OR-) 2.7% vs. 45.6 (+OR-) 3.7%, p < 0.01). The reduction in infarct size with neutrophil depletion plus MPG was significantly greater than with neutrophil depletion alone (p < 0.01), suggesting that MPG exerts its protective influence in part by reacting with oxygen metabolites derived from myocardial sources. MPG and related sulfhydryl compounds (cysteine, reduced glutathione, n-acetylcysteine) inhibited myoglobin-H(,2)O(,2) mediated peroxidation reactions, indicating that the protective effects of MPG may be related to its ability to inhibit oxidative damage secondary to the formation of reactive species generated via the interaction of H(,2)O(,2) with myoglobin. These observations, taken together, suggest that reactive oxygen metabolites derived from myocardial sources as well as from invading inflammatory cells contribute to irreversible injury that occurs upon reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium. These data further suggest that the antioxidant properties of MPG are of central importance in explaining its protective effects against reperfusion-induced myocardial injury.
Fast and low power Michelson interferometer thermo-optical switch on SOI (2008)

We designed and fabricated silicon-on-insulator based Michelson interferometer (MI) thermo-optical switches with deep etched trenches for heat-isolation. Switch power was reduced approximately 20% for the switch with deep etched trenches, and the MI saved approximately 50% power than that of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. 10.6 mW switch power, approximately 42 micros switch time for the MI with deep trenches, 13.14 mW switch power and approximately 34 micros switch time for the MI without deep trenches were achieved.
Projected Distribution of the Zebra Mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>, in North America (1991)

An analysis of the European distribution of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, shows that the species probably will spread over much of North America. Only softwater districts and the extreme northern and southern parts of the continent are unlikely to be colonized. Within this range, D. polymorpha is most likely to be found in large, hardwater lakes and in running waters more than 30 m wide. Populations of D. polymorpha probably will spread over a larger part of the lake bottom in shallow, warm lakes than in deep, cold lakes. I could not make any predictions about the expected population densities of D. polymorpha in either lakes or streams.
The lithium intercalation compound Li2CoSiO4 and its behaviour as a positive electrode for lithium batteries (2007)

The electrochemical behaviour of 3 polymorphs of the lithium intercalation compound Li2CoSiO4, betaI, betaII and gamma0, as positive electrodes in rechargeable lithium batteries is investigated for the first time.