gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Cholesterol, 3beta-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 3beta-Hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one by Rat Liver Microsomes (1971)

The metabolism of cholesterol, 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and the formation of lipid peroxides from endogenous lipids were studied in rat liver microsomes fortified with NADPH. Under conditions of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation cholesterol was oxidized into several metabolites including 3β-hydroxy-5-cholesten-7-one, 5-cholestene-3β, 7α-diol, 5-cholestene-3β,7β-diol and cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol. When lipid peroxidation was inhibited, cholesterol was converted predominantly into 5-cholestene-3β,7α-diol. Incubation of cholesterol with soybean lipoxidase and linoleic acid yielded the same pattern of products as incubation of cholesterol with microsomal fraction under conditions of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. 3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one were metabolized by the microsomal fraction in essentially the same way whether or not lipid peroxidation was inhibited. The main metabolite of 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one could not be identified. Gas-chromatographic and mass-spectrometric analyses indicated that it was a monohydroxy derivative of 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. Other hydroxylated metabolites of 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one were 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 3β,7β-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. Major hydroxylated metabolites of 3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one were 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 3β,7β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one. Biliary drainage resulted in an eight-fold stimulation of the 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol but inhibited all hydroxylations of 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one. Phenobarbital treatment had no significant effect on the 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol or the formation of lipid peroxides but significantly stimulated the formation of 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and 3β,7β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one. All hydroxylations were inhibited by carbon monoxide. No significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation by carbon monoxide was observed.
GXXXG and AXXXA:  Common α-Helical Interaction Motifs in Proteins, Particularly in Extremophiles (2002)

The GXXXG motif is a frequently occurring sequence of residues that is known to favor helix-helix interactions in membrane proteins. Here we show that the GXXXG motif is also prevalent in soluble proteins whose structures have been determined. Some 152 proteins from a non-redundant PDB set contain at least one alpha-helix with the GXXXG motif, 41 +/- 9% more than expected if glycine residues were uniformly distributed in those alpha-helices. More than 50% of the GXXXG-containing alpha-helices participate in helix-helix interactions. In fact, 26 of those helix-helix interactions are structurally similar to the helix-helix interaction of the glycophorin A dimer, where two transmembrane helices associate to form a dimer stabilized by the GXXXG motif. As for the glycophorin A structure, we find backbone-to-backbone atomic contacts of the C alpha-H...O type in each of these 26 helix-helix interactions that display the stereochemical hallmarks of hydrogen bond formation. These glycophorin A-like helix-helix interactions are enriched in the general set of helix-helix interactions containing the GXXXG motif, suggesting that the inferred C alpha-H...O hydrogen bonds stabilize the helix-helix interactions. In addition to the GXXXG motif, some 808 proteins from the non-redundant PDB set contain at least one alpha-helix with the AXXXA motif (30 +/- 3% greater than expected). Both the GXXXG and AXXXA motifs occur frequently in predicted alpha-helices from 24 fully sequenced genomes. Occurrence of the AXXXA motif is enhanced to a greater extent in thermophiles than in mesophiles, suggesting that helical interaction based on the AXXXA motif may be a common mechanism of thermostability in protein structures. We conclude that the GXXXG sequence motif stabilizes helix-helix interactions in proteins, and that the AXXXA sequence motif also stabilizes the folded state of proteins.
Re-setting the biologic rationale for thermal therapy (2005)

This review takes a retrospective look at how hyperthermia biology, as defined from studies emerging from the late 1970s and into the 1980s, mis-directed the clinical field of hyperthermia, by placing too much emphasis on the necessity of killing cells with hyperthermia in order to define success. The requirement that cell killing be achieved led to sub-optimal hyperthermia fractionation goals for combinations with radiotherapy, inappropriate sequencing between radiation and hyperthermia and goals for hyperthermia equipment performance that were neither achievable nor necessary. The review then considers the importance of the biologic effects of hyperthermia that occur in the temperature range that lies between that necessary to kill substantial proportions of cells and normothermia (e.g. 39-42 degrees C for 1 h). The effects that occur in this temperature range are compelling-including inhibition of radiation-induced damage repair, changes in perfusion, re-oxygenation, effects on macromolecular and nanoparticle delivery, induction of the heat shock response and immunological stimulation, all of which can be exploited to improve tumour response to radiation and chemotherapy. This new knowledge about the biology of hyperthermia compels one to continue to move the field forward, but with thermal goals that are eminently achievable and tolerable by patients. The fact that lower temperatures are incorporated into thermal goals does not lessen the need for non-invasive thermometry or more sophisticated hyperthermia delivery systems, however. If anything, it further compels one to move the field forward on an integrated biological, engineering and clinical level.
An 8.3 nW −72 dBm event driven IoE wake up receiver RF front end (2017)

This work presents an ultra-low power event driven wake-up receiver (WuRx) fabricated in a RF CMOS 130 nm process. The receiver consists of an off-chip lumped element matching network, an envelope detector, a decision circuit capable of detecting sub-mV baseband signal voltages and a clock source consuming 1.3 nW. This receiver has demonstrated a sensitivity of -72 dBm while consuming a total of 8.3 nW from 1 V and 0.65 V sources.
Distributed power control in cellular radio systems (1994)

The capacity of cellular mobile radio systems can be increased by controlling the transmitter powers so as to balance the carrier to interference ratios at the receivers. A distributed algorithm for implementing such power control was proposed earlier for satellite systems by Meyerhoff (1974). The authors tighten the mathematical arguments and apply this scheme to cellular systems. The mobile units adjust their transmitter powers at discrete time instants. Specifically at each time instant the mobile multiplies its current power by a factor equal to a constant over its current carrier to interference ratio (CIR). So power is increased or decreased based on the value of the current CIR. After a number of such power adjustments all the mobiles converge to a common CIR. They also present numerical results which show that the above scheme has the potential to converge faster than the scheme proposed by J. Zander (see IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.41, no.3, August 1992) for high CIR values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser Optoacoustic Spectroscopy— A New Technique of Gas Analysis (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser Optoacoustic Spectroscopy— A New Technique of Gas AnalysisL. Β. KreuzerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 2, 235A–244APublication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60338a709https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60338a709research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterizing wave propagation to improve indoor step-level person localization using floor vibration (2016)

The objective of this paper is to characterize frequency-dependent wave propagation of footstep induced floor vibration to improve robustness of vibration-based occupant localization. Occupant localization is an essential part of many smart structure applications (e.g., energy management, patient/customer tracking, etc.). Exist- ing techniques include visual (e.g. cameras and IR sensors), acoustic, RF, and load-based approaches. These approaches have many deployment and operational requirements that limits their adaptation. To overcome these limitations, prior work has utilized footstep-induced vibrations to allow sparse sensor configuration and non-intrusive detection. However, frequency dependent propagation characteristics and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of footstep-induced vibrations change the shape of the signal. Furthermore, estimating the wave propagation velocity for forming the multilateration equations and localizing the footsteps is a challenging task. They, in turn, lead to large errors of localization. In this paper, we present a structural vibration based indoor occupant localization technique using improved time-difference-of-arrival between multiple vibration sensors. In particular we overcome signal distortion by decomposing the signal into frequency components and focusing on high energy components for accurate indoor localization. Such decomposition leverages the frequency-specific propagation characteristics and reduces the effect of low SNR (by choosing the components of highest energy). Furthermore, we develop a velocity calibration method that finds the optimal velocity which minimizes the localization error. We validate our approach through field experiments in a building with human participants. We are able to achieve an average localization error of less than 0.21 meters, which corresponds to a 13X reduction in error when compared to the baseline method using raw data.
Successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) as a new sensor technology: synthesis and modification of metal oxides (2006)

In this paper, we have discussed both peculiarities and advantages of successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) methods for the synthesis and modification of metal oxides. For these purposes, the results of research into the design of SILD technology suitable for preparing porous nanostructure SnO 2 films and the surface modification of SnO 2 films deposited by spray pyrolysis have been analysed. It has been shown that this new method can be used for the deposition of metal oxides and for noble metals. A great deal of interest in the SILD method may be generated by the method's simplicity, cheapness, and ability to deposit thin nanostructure films on rough surfaces. The SILD method essentially consists of successive treatments of both conductive and dielectric substrates by solutions of various salts, which form poorly soluble compounds at the substrate surface. It has been found that SILD technology is an effective method for improving gas sensor parameters. For example, it has been established that surface modification by Pd and Ag using SILD technology improves the gas response of SnO 2 -based sensors to reducing gases, and depresses their sensitivity to oxidizing gases.
Insulin-like growth factor I promotes growth selectively in fetal sheep in late gestation (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is required for normal fetal growth and skeletal maturation in late gestation, because null mutations of the IGF-I gene in mice reduce fetal weight and retard ossification of bones. To determine if, conversely, increased abundance of IGF-I promotes fetal growth and skeletal maturation, fetal sheep were infused intravascularly with recombinant human IGF-I (n = 7) (26 +/- 3 micrograms. h-1.kg-1) from 120 to 130 days gestation and compared with controls (n = 15). IGF-I infusion increased plasma IGF-I concentrations by 140% (P = 0.002) and weights of fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, pituitary, and adrenal glands by 16-50% (P < 0.05). Weights and/or lengths of the fetus, placenta, gastrointestinal tract, individual skeletal muscles, and long bones were unchanged by IGF-I. However, IGF-I increased the percentage of proximal epiphyses of long bones present (P < 0.05) and their cross-sectional areas by 15 to 38% (P < 0.05). These results show that IGF-I promotes growth of major fetal organs, endocrine glands, and skeletal maturation in vivo, consistent with IGF-I actively controlling and not merely facilitating fetal growth. The variable response of different tissues may partly reflect tissue specificity in growth requirements for additional factors.
Autonomous robot driving decision strategy following road signs and traffic rules: Simulation validation (2016)

Autonomous robot driving decision strategy following road signs and traffic rules is described using simulation with a Turtlebot [1]. A fully autonomous robot driving strategy is presented, which follows human level logic in decision making. A vision-based autonomous vehicles navigation system for road vehicles includes three main parts: 1) road and traffic signs detection; 2) vehicle movement guidance system; and 3) decision making following human level logic. The first two modules have been studied independently for many years and obtained many good results using different solutions, but there is little research in fully integrated system with high level decision making to achieve fully autonomous robot navigation following road signs. It is valuable to study and apply this concept into a real system. A simulation world is built according to real environment scenario proving the concept of study.
Sucrose transport into developing seeds of <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. (1999)

The anatomy of developing pea seeds is characterized by transfer cells present in both coats and cotyledons at the maternal/filial interface. To determine the nature and cellular localization of sucrose transporters in pea seeds, a full-length clone of a sucrose/H+ symporter (PsSUT1) was isolated from a cotyledon cDNA library. Northern blot analyses of different organs showed that PsSUT1 is expressed in non-seed tissues, including sucrose sinks and sources. Within developing seeds, transcripts of PsSUT1 and PsAHA1 genes were detected in all tissues, while transcripts of a sucrose binding protein (GmSBP) were confined to cotyledon epidermal transfer cells. Signal intensities of PsSUT1 and PsAHA1 transcripts and protein products were most pronounced in the thin-walled parenchyma cells of seed coats and epidermal transfer cells of cotyledons. For cotyledons, the highest transporter densities were localized to those portions of plasma membranes lining the wall ingrowth regions of epidermal transfer cells. Responses of [14C]sucrose influx to metabolic inhibitors indicated that proton-coupled sucrose transport was operative in both seed coats and cotyledons. Cotyledon epidermal transfer cells were shown to support the highest sucrose flux. Maximal transport activity was found to account for the sucrose flux differences between seed tissues. Intercellular movement of the symplasmic tracer, 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), demonstrated that symplasmic pathways interconnect the vascular tissues to thin-walled parenchyma transfer cells of seed coats and, for cotyledons, epidermal transfer cells to storage parenchyma cells.
Purification and some properties of alcohol acetyltransferase from sake yeast. (1990)

Isoamyl acetate, one of the major characteristic aroma compounds of sake, was synthesized by the condensation of acetyl-CoA and isoamyl alcohol under the action of alcohol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.84) of yeast. The enzyme, which was associated with the cell membrane, was purified about 800-fold. The purified enzyme was very labile at temperatures higher than 10°C and pHs lower than 5.5 but was stable at pH 6.0-7.5. The enzyme was most active at 30°C and pH 7.0. The isoelectric point of this enzyme was 5.5. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 50, 000 by gel filtration and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Steroids for treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (2014)

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials does not support the use of steroids over placebo in this condition, a finding consistent with previous analyses. Although systemic or intratympanic steroid administration does not have a significant treatment effect, steroids for salvage treatment of patients failing traditional therapy appear to have an effect. However, this result should be interpreted with caution given the poor quality of component trials. Implications for clinical practice and future trial design are discussed.
Cathedral-II: A Silicon Compiler for Digital Signal Processing (1986)

The article describes the status of work at IMEC on the Cathedral-II silicon compiler. The compiler was developed to synthesize synchronous multiprocessor system chips for digital signal processing. It is a continuation of work on the Cathedral-I operational silicon compiler for bit-serial digital filters. Cathedral-II is based on a "meet in the middle" design method that encourages a total separation between system design and reusable silicon design. The CAD system includes a rule-based synthesis program, a procedural program, and a controller synthesis environment. Processors are synthesized in terms of modules called from automated reusable module generators. Chip layout is done on a floor planner. An expert subsystem verifies correctness during silicon design and generates functional and timing models for verification at the module and chip levels.
CoinTossX: An open-source low-latency high-throughput matching engine (2022)

We deploy and demonstrate the CoinTossX low-latency, high-throughput, open-source matching engine through small-scale desktop and large-scale locally-hosted testing with multiple traded instruments and clients managed concurrently by sending orders using the Julia and Python languages. We demonstrate a cloud-based deployment using Microsoft Azure, with large-scale industrial and simulation research use cases in mind. The system is developed in Java with orders submitted as binary encodings (SBE) via UDP protocols using the Aeron Media Driver as the low-latency, high-throughput message transport. The system separates the order-generation and simulation environments e.g. agent-based model simulation, from the matching of orders, data-feeds and various modularized components of the order-book system. This ensures a more natural and realistic asynchronicity between events generating orders, and the events associated with order-book dynamics and market data-feeds.
Effect of Brief Navigation-Related Dewaterings on Fish Eggs and Larvae (1987)

Short-term dewatering of nearshore spawning areas often occurs during passage of commercial tows in the upper Mississippi River as well as in other navigated river systems. This phenomenon was examined experimentally to identify potential effects on survival of fish eggs and larvae. Early life stages of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and northern pike (Esox lucius) were dewatered 2 min in laboratory studies at intervals of either 1, 3, 6, or 12 h from just after fertilization to 10-14 d posthatch. Dewatering did not cause mortality of eggs, but significant mortality of larvae of both species occurred at dewatering frequencies of 1 or 3 h. Therefore, significant mortality first was observed at a frequency equivalent to a mean passage of eight tows per day. This average passage rate is presently exceeded in about 50% of the upper Mississippi pools; it will be exceeded in all pools if proposed navigation modifications are implemented.
Effects of vasoactive drugs on the relationship between ECG-pulse wave delay time and arterial blood pressure in ICU patients (2002)

This study focused on the relationship between arterial blood pressure (ABP) and the delay time from ECG to radial pulse (PWDT) with and without vasoactive drugs, to learn if PWDT could be a useful monitoring parameter yielding information complementary to that obtained from ABP. Fourteen ICU patient records from the MIMIC Database were used as subjects. Automated QRS detection and ABP pulse detection algorithms were employed to obtain the PWDT between the onset of each ECG QRS and the foot of the following ABP pulse. The authors found an approximately linear relationship between smoothed PWDT and smoothed systolic (or diastolic) ABP, with no significant correlation between changes in vasoactive drug levels and changes in the relationship (slope or intercept) of PWDT and ABP.
Identification of Four Potential Epigenetic Modulators from the NCI Structural Diversity Library Using a Cell‐Based Assay (2010)

Epigenetic pathways help control the expression of genes. In cancer and other diseases, aberrant silencing or overexpression of genes, such as those that control cell growth, can greatly contribute to pathogenesis. Access to these genes by the transcriptional machinery is largely mediated by chemical modifications of DNA or histones, which are controlled by epigenetic enzymes, making these enzymes attractive targets for drug discovery. Here we describe the characterization of a locus derepression assay, a fluorescence-based mammalian cellular system which was used to screen the NCI structural diversity library for novel epigenetic modulators using an automated imaging platform. Four structurally unique compounds were uncovered that, when further investigated, showed distinct activities. These compounds block the viability of lung cancer and melanoma cells, prevent cell cycle progression, and/or inhibit histone deacetylase activity, altering levels of cellular histone acetylation.
Low-Power High-Throughput BCH Error Correction VLSI Design for Multi-Level Cell NAND Flash Memories (2006)

As the reliability is a critical issue for new generation multi-level cell (MLC) flash memories, there is growing call for fast and compact error correction code (ECC) circuit with minimum impact on memory access time and chip area. This paper presents a high-throughput and low-power ECC scheme for MLC NAND flash memories. The BCH encoder and decoder architecture features byte-wise processing and a low complexity key equation solver using a simplified Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. Resource sharing and power reduction techniques are also applied. Synthesized using 0.25-mum CMOS technology in a supply voltage of 2.5 V, the proposed BCH (4148,4096) encoder/decoder achieves byte-wise processing, and it needs an estimated cell area of 0.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and an average power of 3.18 mW with 50 MB/s throughput