gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Activity of Nano ZnO Prepared by SAMs for Degrading Dimethyl Sulfoxide-melt Wastewater (2010)

With poor biochemical degradability,it is important to look for a kind of high efficient material to degrade dimethyl sulfoxide-melt wastewater which does harm to the environment and people’s health.Preparations of nano ZnO by SAMs were recently studied.Nano ZnO/NH2 /SiO2 by SAMs was prepared and photocatalytic activity to degrade dimethyl sulfoxide-melt wastewater between ZnO/NH2 /SiO2 and traditional sol-gel nano ZnO in condition of ultraviolet radiation and with air or not was compared,the results showed that without air,the degradation rate of ZnO/NH2 /SiO2 and sol-gel ZnO were 63.8% and 34.7% respectively.With air,the degradation rate of ZnO/NH2 /SiO2 and sol-gel ZnO were 70.9% and 57.9% respectively.It was the most effective for nano ZnO prepared by SAMs to degrade poor biochemical degradable dimethyl sulfoxide-melt wastewater in condition of air.
Developments of NEWUOA for unconstrained minimization without derivatives (2007)

The NEWUOA software is described briefly, with some numerical re- sults that show good efficiency and accuracy in the unconstrai ned minimization without derivatives of functions of up to 320 variables. Some preliminary work on an extension of NEWUOA that allows simple bounds on the variables is also described. It suggests a variation of a technique in NEWUOA for maintaining adequate linear independence in the interpolation conditions that are used, which leads to five versions of the technique including the original one. Numerical ex- periments suggest that the new versions have some merit, but the details of the calculations are influenced strongly by computer rounding errors. The depen- dence of the number of iterations on the number of interpolation conditions is also investigated numerically. A surprising case with n=160 is found, n being the number of variables, where the number of iterations is reduced when the number of conditions is decreased from 2n+1 to n+6. The given conclusions may assist the development of some new software for unconstrained optimization.
Identification and Characterization of a New Enoyl Coenzyme A Hydratase Involved in Biosynthesis of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

The biosynthetic pathway of medium-chain-length (MCL) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from fatty acids has been established in fadB mutant Escherichia coli strain by expressing the MCL-PHA synthase gene. However, the enzymes that are responsible for the generation of (R)-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A (R3HA-CoAs), the substrates for PHA synthase, have not been thoroughly elucidated. Escherichia coli MaoC, which is homologous to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase (PhaJ1), was identified and found to be important for PHA biosynthesis in a fadB mutant E. coli strain. When the MCL-PHA synthase gene was introduced, the fadB maoC double-mutant E. coli WB108, which is a derivative of E. coli W3110, accumulated 43% less amount of MCL-PHA from fatty acid compared with the fadB mutant E. coli WB101. The PHA biosynthetic capacity could be restored by plasmid-based expression of the maoCEc gene in E. coli WB108. Also, E. coli W3110 possessing fully functional beta-oxidation pathway could produce MCL-PHA from fatty acid by the coexpression of the maoCEc gene and the MCL-PHA synthase gene. For the enzymatic analysis, MaoC fused with His6-Tag at its C-terminal was expressed in E. coli and purified. Enzymatic analysis of tagged MaoC showed that MaoC has enoyl-CoA hydratase activity toward crotonyl-CoA. These results suggest that MaoC is a new enoyl-CoA hydratase involved in supplying (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA from the beta-oxidation pathway to PHA biosynthetic pathway in the fadB mutant E. coli strain.
Emerging Research in Chronic Pruritus: From Bedside to Bench and Back Again (2020)

This <i>Medicines</i> special issue highlights emerging research spanning from epidemiology to diagnostic workup, pathogenesis, and therapeutics for patients suffering from chronic pruritus. The special issue contains 13 articles reporting relevant epidemiologic and experimental data on chronic pruritus.
The Chronic Prostatitis Syndromes (1997)

Three chronic prostatitis syndromes are recognised, chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNBP), and prostatodynia. All may occur in men of military age, and may tax the patience of medical officers and patients whose capacity for full duty will be impaired. Diagnosis depends on identifying micro-organisms in CBP and white cells in CNBP in prostatic secretion (EPS) expressed by prostatic massage. In prostatodynia there are clinical features of prostatitis but no evidence of inflammation. Prostatic massage should be preceded by trans-rectal ultrasound which may show prostatitis and other pathology, and has simplified the investigation of these syndromes. Management includes a high fluid intake, regular bowels with a soft stool, regular prostatic drainage by ejaculation and limited alcohol intake. Antimicrobials are indicated for CBP and probably for CNBP, and need to be continued for at least three months in many cases. Other measures for treating CNBP are less well established. Prostatodynia is an ill defined syndrome which requires careful evaluation and patients may need psychiatric therapy.
Interdiffusion and thermally induced strain relaxation in strained<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>/Si superlattices (1992)

Thermal interdiffusion in five-period Si/${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$ superlattices with periods of 200 \AA{} and Ge concentrations between x=0.20 and 0.70 was studied using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in grazing-angle geometry. Both asymmetrically strained superlattices grown directly on Si, as well as symmetrically strained superlattices grown on relaxed ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{y}}$ buffer layers, were grown to compare the influence of the strain distribution on the interdiffusion. Rapid thermal annealing in the temperature range between 900 and 1125 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C leads to substantial interdiffusion indicated by a significant decrease of the amplitudes of the modulations of the backscattering yield. Interdiffusion coefficients were deduced using a Fourier algorithm. For a given Ge concentration x, the thermal dependence of the interdiffusion coefficients follows an Arrhenius law. The interdiffusivity increases with increasing Ge concentrations. An average activation energy for interdiffusion of \ensuremath{\sim}4.0 eV was obtained. The elastic strain and the formation of crystal defects due to thermal treatment were investigated by He ion channeling.
Human telomerase model shows the role of the TEN domain in advancing the double helix for the next polymerization step (2011)

Telomerases constitute a group of specialized ribonucleoprotein enzymes that remediate chromosomal shrinkage resulting from the "end-replication" problem. Defects in telomere length regulation are associated with several diseases as well as with aging and cancer. Despite significant progress in understanding the roles of telomerase, the complete structure of the human telomerase enzyme bound to telomeric DNA remains elusive, with the detailed molecular mechanism of telomere elongation still unknown. By application of computational methods for distant homology detection, comparative modeling, and molecular docking, guided by available experimental data, we have generated a three-dimensional structural model of a partial telomerase elongation complex composed of three essential protein domains bound to a single-stranded telomeric DNA sequence in the form of a heteroduplex with the template region of the human RNA subunit, TER. This model provides a structural mechanism for the processivity of telomerase and offers new insights into elongation. We conclude that the RNADNA heteroduplex is constrained by the telomerase TEN domain through repeated extension cycles and that the TEN domain controls the process by moving the template ahead one base at a time by translation and rotation of the double helix. The RNA region directly following the template can bind complementarily to the newly synthesized telomeric DNA, while the template itself is reused in the telomerase active site during the next reaction cycle. This first structural model of the human telomerase enzyme provides many details of the molecular mechanism of telomerase and immediately provides an important target for rational drug design.
A High Density of rRNA in the Generative Cells and Sperm Cells of Pollen Grains of Five Angiosperm Species. (1998)

To examine whether cytoplasmic rRNA are present at high density in the cytoplasm of generative and sperm cells (generative/sperm cells) in pollen grains of various plant species, in situ hybridization of 18S/25S rRNA was performed in thin sections of samples embedded in Technovit 7100 resin. The five plant species studied were Lilium longiflorum, Pharbitis nil, Silene latifolia, Pelargonium zonale and Plumbago auriculata. The timing and mode of pollen mitosis II (PM II) and the distribution of organelle nucleoids in generative/sperm cells differ in these species. In situ hybridization revealed that the density of rRNA was the same as or higher in generative/sperm cells than in vegetative cells, suggesting that the presence of rRNA in the generative/sperm cells at high density may be a general characteristic of mature pollen grains of various plant species.
Dosing the antipsychotic medication olanzapine. (1997)

Olanzapine is a new antipsychotic agent with serotonin/dopamine antagonism action. Efficacy in treating overall psychopathology in acute schizophrenia as measured by the BPRS0-6 total score was demonstrated at 10 mg/day versus placebo; at doses in a 5-20 mg/day range, olanzapine was comparable or superior to haloperidol. Superior efficacy for negative and depressive symptoms was shown in comparison to haloperidol. Olanzapine has a favorable acute and tardive extrapyramidal symptom profile relative to haloperidol and caused substantially less elevation of serum prolactin. Dose-related weight gain and asymptomatic mild transaminase elevations occurred in olanzapine-treated patients.
Long-Term Parenteral Administration of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Causes Bone Loss (2012)

Cyclodextrins are oligosaccharides which are used in the pharmaceutical industry and research as vehicles for application of apolar substances such as steroids. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of parenteral administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on bone. Sham-operated (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVX) adult rats were subcutaneously injected with physiological saline, 50, or 200 mg/kg HP-β-CD daily. After 4 months, body weight in OVX rats and uterine weight in SHAM rats were significantly lower after administration of 200 mg/kg HP-β-CD, relative to vehicle controls. At 200 mg/kg, HP-β-CD was hepatotoxic as measured by increased serum transaminases, and reduced serum albumin. Moreover, 200 mg/kg HP-β-CD led to decreased vertebral and tibial bone mineral density (BMD), and to cortical thinning at the tibial shaft. Bone loss in HP-β-CD-treated rats was associated with increased bone resorption as measured by increased renal deoxypyridinoline excretion. Although 50 mg/kg HP-β-CD was devoid of overt signs of organ toxicity and did not impair BMD, bone resorption was already increased. In summary, subcutaneous long-term administration of HP-β-CD at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg led to increased bone resorption and subsequent bone loss. Minor alterations in bone metabolism were also seen at 50 mg/kg.
DESIGN OF A SHIPBOARD RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR A SHROUDED-FAN UAV (2002)

An automatic ship recovery system for a lightweight, shrouded-fan Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is presented. The guidance and control functions are specifically designed for robust and computationally efficient operation of the flight control system of a lightweight vertical take—off and landing (VTOL) platform that provides three-dimensional mobility to dedicated sensors and payload. Automatic recovery in the presence of ship—deck motion is realized by a trajectory generation and tracking system the performance of which is analyzed and tested using computer based simulation.
Inactivation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by synthetic histidine peptides (1987)

Synthetic homologous histidine peptides were found to directly and irreversibly inactivate herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). The inactivation, which occurred within 1 min of virus exposure to the drug, was independent of temperature but dependent upon the pH and molecular size of the polypeptide. Poly-L-histidine consisting of 24 residues (His-24), with a molecular weight (m.w.) of 3,310, inactivated greater than 99% of the virus present at pH 6.0 and 62% at pH 5.0. Poly-L-histidine consisting of 64 (His-64; average m.w., 8,800) or 75 residues (His-75; average m.w., 10,300) inactivated greater than 99% of virus present at pH 5.0 and 6.0. However, His-24, -64, and -75 were not active against these viruses at pH 7.0 or 8.0. At the concentrations tested, poly-L-histidine of 12 (His-12; m.w., 1,665) or 18 (His-18; m.w., 2,487) residues had no effect on HSV-1 or HSV-2 at any of the pHs tested. When these studies were repeated with other basic homologous polypeptides, poly-L-arginine and poly-L-lysine, various degrees of inactivation were observed that were most pronounced in the neutral-to-alkaline pH range. Once virus was inactivated by poly-L-histidine, the effect could not be reversed in vitro by raising the pH to 7.2 or in vivo by injecting the virus into the neutral environment of an animal. These data suggest that the presence of histidine residues in a peptide of suitable structure may endow that peptide with potent antiviral capabilities.
Design automation and design space exploration for quantum computers (2017)

A major hurdle to the deployment of quantum linear systems algorithms and recent quantum simulation algorithms lies in the difficulty to find inexpensive reversible circuits for arithmetic using existing hand coded methods. Motivated by recent advances in reversible logic synthesis, we synthesize arithmetic circuits using classical design automation flows and tools. The combination of classical and reversible logic synthesis enables the automatic design of large components in reversible logic starting from well-known hardware description languages such as Verilog. As a prototype example for our approach we automatically generate high quality networks for the reciprocal 1/x, which is necessary for quantum linear systems algorithms.
Synthesis of Quinolines and 2<i>H</i>-Dihydropyrroles by Nucleophilic Substitution at the Nitrogen Atom of Oxime Derivatives (2003)

Isomerization of oxime derivatives was researched in detail to find out the methods for the syn-anti isomerization of O-substituted oximes. Based on these findings were developed simple methods for the preparation of aza-heterocycles from both stereo­isomers of oximes. Quinolines were synthesized from β-aryl ketone oximes by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride and 4-chloranil. γ,δ-Unsaturated O-methoxyacetyloximes were transformed to 2H-dihydropyrroles by reaction with methoxy-acetic acid.
The Field Widens (2010)

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Plasmonic mid-infrared beam steering (2010)

We present a metal/semiconductor beam steering device for use in the mid-infrared wavelength range. We demonstrate how changing the frequency of the incident light results in a smoothly varying shift in the angular distribution of the transmitted beam, and we present an analysis of the beam profile for a number of different wavelengths. Finally we verify that a similar steering effect is achieved with fixed frequency incident light and a modification of the permittivity of the semiconductor substrate, ultimately resulting in a 3° shift in the transmitted beam angle for minimal shifts in the semiconductor permittivity.
Liver X receptor α (LXRα/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4α (2014)

Background & Aims Hepatocyte-like cells, differentiated from different stem cell sources, are considered to have a range of possible therapeutic applications, including drug discovery, metabolic disease modelling, and cell transplantation. However, little is known about how stem cells differentiate into mature and functional hepatocytes. Methods Using transcriptomic screening, a transcription factor, liver X receptor α (NR1H3), was identified as increased during HepaRG cell hepatogenesis; this protein was also upregulated during embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation. Results Overexpressing NR1H3 in human HepaRG cells promoted hepatic maturation; the hepatocyte-like cells exhibited various functions associated with mature hepatocytes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, secretion of urea and albumin, upregulation of hepatic-specific transcripts and an increase in glycogen storage. Importantly, the NR1H3-derived hepatocyte-like cells were able to rescue lethal fulminant hepatic failure using a non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mouse model. Conclusions In this study, we found that NR1H3 accelerates hepatic differentiation through an HNF4α-dependent reciprocal network. This contributes to hepatogenesis and is therapeutically beneficial to liver disease. Hepatocyte-like cells, differentiated from different stem cell sources, are considered to have a range of possible therapeutic applications, including drug discovery, metabolic disease modelling, and cell transplantation. However, little is known about how stem cells differentiate into mature and functional hepatocytes. Using transcriptomic screening, a transcription factor, liver X receptor α (NR1H3), was identified as increased during HepaRG cell hepatogenesis; this protein was also upregulated during embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation. Overexpressing NR1H3 in human HepaRG cells promoted hepatic maturation; the hepatocyte-like cells exhibited various functions associated with mature hepatocytes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, secretion of urea and albumin, upregulation of hepatic-specific transcripts and an increase in glycogen storage. Importantly, the NR1H3-derived hepatocyte-like cells were able to rescue lethal fulminant hepatic failure using a non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mouse model. In this study, we found that NR1H3 accelerates hepatic differentiation through an HNF4α-dependent reciprocal network. This contributes to hepatogenesis and is therapeutically beneficial to liver disease.
The Chromosomal Toxin Gene <i>yafQ</i> Is a Determinant of Multidrug Tolerance for <i>Escherichia coli</i> Growing in a Biofilm (2009)

Escherichia coli is refractory to elevated doses of antibiotics when it is growing in a biofilm, and this is potentially due to high numbers of multidrug-tolerant persister cells in the surface-adherent population. Previously, the chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci hipBA and relBE have been linked to the frequency at which persister cells occur in E. coli populations. In the present study, we focused on the dinJ-yafQ-encoded toxin-antitoxin system and hypothesized that deletion of the toxin gene yafQ might influence cell survival in antibiotic-exposed biofilms. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy and viable cell counting, it was determined that a Delta yafQ mutant produced biofilms with a structure and a cell density equivalent to those of the parental strain. In-depth susceptibility testing identified that relative to wild-type E. coli, the Delta yafQ strain had up to a approximately 2,400-fold decrease in cell survival after the biofilms were exposed to bactericidal concentrations of cefazolin or tobramycin. Corresponding to these data, controlled overexpression of yafQ from a high-copy-number plasmid resulted in up to a approximately 10,000-fold increase in the number of biofilm cells surviving exposure to these bactericidal drugs. In contrast, neither the inactivation nor the overexpression of yafQ affected the tolerance of biofilms to doxycycline or rifampin (rifampicin). Furthermore, deletion of yafQ did not affect the tolerance of stationary-phase planktonic cells to any of the antibacterials tested. These results suggest that yafQ mediates the tolerance of E. coli biofilms to multiple but specific antibiotics; moreover, our data imply that this cellular pathway for persistence is likely different from that of multidrug-tolerant cells in stationary-phase planktonic cell cultures.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Activation in Endothelial Cells Is a Negative Regulator of Angiogenesis (2006)

To determine the role of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 on endothelial cell function, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with IFN-gamma, a potent activator of STAT1. IFN-gamma inhibited cell growth and tube formation of HUVECs. Although the potent proangiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated cell growth and tube formation, IFN-gamma could suppress these effects of VEGF. Transfection of HUVECs with short interfering RNA targeting STAT1 abrogated IFN-gamma-induced inhibition of HUVEC growth and tube formation, and suppressed the inhibition of VEGF-induced tube formation by IFN-gamma, indicating that STAT1 is critical for this process. IFN-gamma blocks the biological activity of VEGF through inhibition of genes necessary for the VEGF response, including angiopoietin-2, urokinase plasminogen activator, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and VEGF receptor 2. To extend these findings in vivo, the role of STAT1 in angiogenesis was examined in STAT1-deficient mice using the Matrigel in vivo angiogenesis assay. Substantial cellular infiltration and formation of vascular structures occurred in STAT1-/- mice compared with wild-type controls. These data indicate that STAT1 plays a key role in the inhibition of angiogenesis through its action within endothelial cells, and exploiting this process may be useful in treating cancers and vascular tumors.
CASE FOR FUEL-CELL-POWERED VEHICLES (1980)

The development of the fuel cell is briefly reviewed. Experimental applications of fuel cells in city buses, highway buses and trucks, delivery vans, consumer vehicles, and golf carts are described. For the most part these are hybrid powered vehicles in which storage batteries supply energy during warm-up and acceleration while the fuel cells supply energy at cruising speed and for battery recharge during vehicle stopping times. The economic viability of these configurations is emphasized.
Quantitative Lesion-to-Fat Elasticity Ratio Measured by Shear-Wave Elastography for Breast Mass: Which Area Should Be Selected as the Fat Reference? (2015)

Eratio shows good diagnostic performance regardless of the location of reference fat, except when it is placed in areas of artifacts.