gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Step Size RAKE Receiver for DS/CDMA Communications Over a Rayleigh Fading Channel (2002)

Despite its simplicity, the stochastic gradient method used by the majority of adaptive algorithms, e.g. the LMS algorithm, has a slow convergence speed, thus limiting its use in mobile applications operating in a time-varying channel. A blind adaptive step size algorithm has been proposed in [3] in order to enhance the convergence speed of a stochastic gradient based adaptive algorithm in an AWGN channel. In this paper, the blind adaptive step size algorithm is incorporated into a RAKE receiver in order to harness the energies of the multipath signals in a fading channel. The performance of the proposed multipath combiner with respect to detector complexity in terms of the number of fingers involved in the detection process is investigated.
Repopulating retinal microglia restore endogenous organization and function under CX3CL1-CX3CR1 regulation (2018)

Microglia have been discovered to undergo repopulation following ablation. However, the functionality of repopulated microglia and the mechanisms regulating microglia repopulation are unknown. We examined microglial homeostasis in the adult mouse retina, a specialized neural compartment containing regular arrays of microglia in discrete synaptic laminae that can be directly visualized. Using in vivo imaging and cell-fate mapping techniques, we discovered that repopulation originated from residual microglia proliferating in the central inner retina that subsequently spread by centrifugal migration to fully recapitulate pre-existing microglial distributions and morphologies. Repopulating cells fully restored microglial functions including constitutive "surveying" process movements, behavioral and physiological responses to retinal injury, and maintenance of synaptic structure and function. Microglial repopulation was regulated by CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling, slowing in CX3CR1 deficiency and accelerating with exogenous CX3CL1 administration. Microglial homeostasis following perturbation can fully recover microglial organization and function under the regulation of chemokine signaling between neurons and microglia.
Early life events and conditions and breast cancer risk: From epidemiology to etiology (2007)

Risk factors for breast cancer--documented by intensive epidemiological investigations and viewed in the context of general principles of carcinogenesis--can be integrated to an etiologic model comprising 3 principal components: the likelihood of breast cancer occurrence depends on the number of mammary tissue-specific stem cells, which is determined in early life; all growth-enhancing mammotropic hormones affect the rate of expansion of initiated clones; and while a pregnancy stimulates the replication of already initiated cells, it conveys long-term protection through differentiation of mammary tissue-specific stem cells. This perspective accommodates much of what is known about the epidemiology and natural history of breast cancer and highlights the role of early life in the origin of this cancer.
Screening, prevention, and treatment for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis (2012)

The use of newer diagnostic tests and broader screening of immunocompromised patients from Strongyloides-endemic areas is of paramount importance, particularly if prevention of life-threatening dissemination is the goal.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT PROPERTIES OF 2‐AMINO‐4‐PHENYL‐1‐PYRROLINE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Ketoestern (I), den Zimtsäureestern (III) und Nitromethan bzw. den Nitrostyrolen (V) und den Dimalonaten (VI) werden nach angegebenen Bedingungen die Pyrrolidinone (II) (cis/trans‐Gemische), (IV) bzw. (VIII) synthetisiert und mit BF OEt; in die entsprechenden 2‐Ethoxy‐Al‐pyrroline (IX) übergeführt.
Deployment Strategies on PCE-based Inter-AS LSP Path Computation (2005)

Nowadays, multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is used inside autonomous systems (ASs) for virtual private networks (VPNs) or traffic engineering (TE) purposes. The need for inter-AS label switched paths (LSPs) is growing, as carries and service providers (SPs) build multi-services network based on MPLS-enabled infrastructures. It becomes a key issue to extend the ability to deliver these services across SP domain boundaries. In this paper, we discuss the requirements for the inter-AS MPLS-TE. We also summarize the path computation element (PCE) architecture. Then we explain the approaches of using a PCE for the LSP path computation in inter-AS MPLS-TE. To illustrate our point, we compare two LSP path computation techniques
A study of two sequential culture media - Impact on embryo quality and pregnancy rates (2007)

Objective. A comparative study of embryo quality and pregnancy outcome between Sydney IVF medium and
Quinn's Advantage sequential culture media.
Design. A prospective randomised controlled trial and a retrospective study.
Setting. In vitro fertilisation clinic in an academic research environment.
Patients. All women South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol. 13 (2) 2007: pp. 52-59
In Vitro Analysis of Tobramycin-Treated <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms on Cystic Fibrosis-Derived Airway Epithelial Cells (2008)

P. aeruginosa forms biofilms in the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, there have been no effective model systems for studying biofilm formation in the CF lung. We have developed a tissue culture system for growth of P. aeruginosa biofilms on CF-derived human airway cells that promotes the formation of highly antibiotic-resistant microcolonies, which produce an extracellular polysaccharide matrix and require the known abiotic biofilm formation genes flgK and pilB. Treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms with tobramycin reduced the virulence of the biofilms both by reducing bacterial numbers and by altering virulence gene expression. We performed microarray analysis of these biofilms on epithelial cells after treatment with tobramycin, and we compared these results with gene expression of (i) tobramycin-treated planktonic P. aeruginosa and (ii) tobramycin-treated P. aeruginosa biofilms on an abiotic surface. Despite the conservation in functions required to form a biofilm, our results show that the responses to tobramycin treatment of biofilms grown on biotic versus abiotic surfaces are different, as exemplified by downregulation of genes involved in Pseudomonas quinolone signal biosynthesis specifically in epithelial cell-grown biofilms versus plastic-grown biofilms. We also identified the gene PA0913, which is upregulated by tobramycin specifically in biofilms grown on CF airway cells and codes for a probable magnesium transporter, MgtE. Mutation of the PA0913 gene increased the bacterial virulence of biofilms on the epithelial cells, consistent with a role for the gene in the suppression of bacterial virulence. Taken together, our data show that analysis of biofilms on airway cells provides new insights into the interaction of these microbial communities with the host.
Model-driven user interface generation and adaptation in process-aware information systems (2012)

The increasing adoption of process-aware information systems (PAISs) has resulted in a large number of implemented business processes. To react on changing needs, companies should be able to quickly adapt these process implementations if required. Current PAISs, however, only provide mechanisms to evolve the schema of a process model, but do not allow for the automated creation and adaptation of their user interfaces (UIs). The latter may have a complex logic and comprise, for example, conditional elements or database queries. Creating and evolving the UI components of a PAIS manually is a tedious and error-prone task. This technical report introduces a set of patterns for transforming fragments of a business process model, whose activities are performed by the same user role, to UI components of the PAIS. In particular, UI logic can be expressed using the same notation as for process modeling. Furthermore, a transformation method is introduced, which applies these patterns to automatically derive UI components from a process model by establishing a bidirectional mapping between process model and UI. This mapping allows propagating UI changes to the process model and vice versa. Overall, our approach enables process designers to rapidly develop and update complex UI components in PAISs.
Cancer incidence and mortality among teenagers in vaud, switzerland, 1974–1992 (1995)

Data from the Vaud Cancer Registry, Switzerland, were used to analyse incidence and mortality from cancer in teenagers (aged 10 to 19 years) over the period 1974-1992. A total of 113 males and 87 females were registered. Of these, 23% were lymphomas, 16% leukaemias, about 15% central nervous system neoplasms, 10% germ cell tumours and bone neoplasms and 8% soft tissue sarcomas. The overall incidence rate (age-adjusted, world standard population) for all cancers combined was 167 per million boys and 128 per million girls. In both sexes, there was some indication of rising trends over time, to reach 196 per million males and 141 per million females in 1986-1992. The only types of cancer showing consistent upward trends in both sexes were lymphomas. A total of 53 cancer deaths were certified, due to leukaemias in about 40% of cases in both sexes and to lymphomas and brain tumours in 15%-20%. The overall mortality rate at age 10-19 years (age-standardised, world standard) was 47 per million boys and 31 per million girls, and no trend in mortality was observed over time. The 2 main findings of our analysis are (i) the absence of major trends in cancer incidence in adolescents, with the sole exception of a possible increasing incidence of lymphomas, and (ii) the lack of appreciable trends in mortality, in view of the declines in cancer mortality observed in children and young adults over the same calendar period.
New piezoelectric Ta2O5 thin films (1985)

Crystallized Ta2O5 thin films have been deposited on fused quartz substrates by reactive dc diode sputtering. Crystalline structures and piezoelectric properties of the films were investigated. The electromechanical coupling coefficient K2 of the surface acoustic waves was 0.5% for hk=1.0. This value is comparable to that for ZnO thin films.
Controlled release of nifedipine from mucoadhesive tablets of its inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin. (2003)

Mucoadhesive tablets formulated with nifedipine (N) alone and its inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) and the mucoadhesive polymers sodium carboxy methylcellulose and carbopol were investigated with a view to the design of oral controlled release tablets of nifedipine. As nifedipine is practically insoluble in water and aqueous fluids, its complexation with betaCD was investigated to improve its solubility and dissolution rate. Complexation of nifedipine with betaCD has markedly enhanced the solubility and dissolution rate of nifedipine. The phase solubility studies indicated the formation of a N-betaCD inclusion complex with a stability constant of 121.9 M(-1). A 20.6 fold increase in the dissolution rate of nifedipine was observed with N-betaCD (1:2) solid inclusion complex. Mucoadhesive tablets formulated employing nifedipine alone gave very low dissolution, whereas those formulated employing its betaCD inclusion complexes gave slow, controlled and complete release spread over a period of 12 h. Drug release from these tablets followed zero order kinetics up to 85-90% release and the release was diffusion controlled. Good controlled release two layered tablet formulations of nifedipine, satisfying the theoretical sustained release requirements based on its pharmacokinetics, were developed using its inclusion complexes with betaCD.
Silicon on insulator-an emerging high-leverage technology (1995)

Silicon on insulator (SOI) has emerged as a high-leverage technology for a wide range of commercial and military applications. While the use of SOI is presently limited to special niche applications, such as radiation-hard space and defense electronics, thin-film SOI has become strategic for low-power, battery-operated portable systems and large-scale integrated logic and memory circuits with sub-half micron features. Substantial process simplification and cost reduction result from the dielectrically isolated structures. Other important SOI applications are the merger of several functions on the same die that performs reliably in adverse high-temperature environments. These include analog and logic functions, smart micromechanical sensors for automotive and distributed jet engine control with logic functions, or smart high-voltage CMOS logic/control elements. Manufacturable solutions to several material and device problems, however, must be demonstrated before SOI CMOS or BiCMOS designs enter the high-volume commercial manufacturing stage. Among these are the availability, cost, and quality of SOI material, gettering, electrostatic discharge protection, the floating-body problem in thin-film structures, and self-heating effects caused by the low thermal conductivity of the buried-oxide layer. The status of SOI material is discussed, including the different methods used to prepare large SOI wafers, wafer availability, cost reduction strategies, material characterization, and material quality. Applications and leverage areas are also described, with emphasis on problems and challenges that lie ahead for the large-scale manufacture of SOI products. The potential economic impact of SOI technology on the profitability of semiconductor manufacturing is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae hlyX gene homology with the fnr gene of Escherichia coli (1990)

The hlyX gene from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which confers a hemolytic phenotype on Escherichia coli, was sequenced, and its role in regulation of gene expression was investigated. No similarity was found between the hlyX sequence and sequences of known hemolysin or cytotoxin genes. However, the hlyX sequence was very similar to that of the fnr gene of Escherichia coli which encodes the global regulatory protein, FNR. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the hlyX gene product (HlyX) with that of FNR revealed a high degree of well-aligned sequence correlation throughout the polypeptide chain. For example, 23 of 24 amino acids in the DNA-binding region of FNR are identical in the corresponding region of HlyX. Four cysteine residues in the amino-terminal region are also conserved. The promoter region of hlyX is very similar to that of fnr. It has a putative -10 sequence which closely resembles the E. coli -10 consensus sequence. This sequence is overlapped by a potential operator which is very similar to the FNR-binding-site consensus sequence. Functional homology between HlyX and FNR was also demonstrated. Plasmids carrying hlyX complemented the nutritional lesion of an fnr deletion strain of E. coli. These data suggest that HlyX may regulate, rather than mediate, hemolytic activity in E. coli, but the possibility that HlyX is both a regulator of gene expression and a hemolysin cannot be excluded.
Distinct RNA motifs are important for coactivation of steroid hormone receptors by steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) (2002)

Steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) is an RNA transcript that functions as a eukaryotic transcriptional coactivator for steroid hormone receptors. We report here the isolation and functional characterization of distinct RNA substructures within the SRA molecule that constitute its coactivation function. We used comparative sequence analysis and free energy calculations to systematically study SRA RNA subdomains for identification of structured regions and base pairings, and we used site-directed mutagenesis to assess their functional consequences. Together with genetic deletion analysis, this approach identified six RNA motifs in SRA important for coactivation. Because all nucleotide changes in the mutants that disrupted SRA function were silent mutations presumed not to alter deduced encoded amino acid sequence, our analysis provides strong evidence that SRA-mediated coactivation is executed by distinct RNA motifs and not by an encoded protein.
The Plant Wound Hormone Systemin Binds with the N-Terminal Part to Its Receptor but Needs the C-Terminal Part to Activate It (1998)

Suspension-cultured cells of Lycopersicon peruvianum respond with rapid medium alkalinization and a strong increase of a MAP kinase-like activity when treated with subnanomolar concentrations of the plant wound hormone systemin. Systemin fragments comprising the N-terminal 14 amino acids (syst1-14) or the C-terminal four amino acids (syst15-18), added singly or in combination, were inactive as inducers of these responses. Syst1-14 but not syst15-18 antagonized activity of intact systemin in a competitive manner. Likewise, intact systemin showed stimulatory, syst1-14 antagonistic activity, and syst15-18 showed no activity in leaf pieces of tomato (L. esculentum) plants assayed for the induction of ethylene biosynthesis. To study the molecular basis of perception, we extended the C-terminal end of systemin by a tyrosine residue and radioiodinated it to yield systemin-125I-iodotyrosine. In membrane preparations of L. peruvianum, this radioligand exhibited rapid, saturable, and reversible binding to a single class of binding sites. Binding showed a dissociation constant of approximately 1 nM, and binding of radioligand was efficiently competed by unlabeled systemin but not by syst15-18 or structurally unrelated peptides. Binding was also competed by the systemin antagonists syst1-14 and syst-Ala-17 (IC50 of 500 and 1000 nM, respectively). Thus, this binding site exhibits the characteristics expected for a functional systemin receptor. Based on these results, we propose a two-step mechanism for systemin action, with binding of the N-terminal part to the receptor as the first step and activation of responses with the C-terminal part as the second step.
Slitrks control excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation with LAR receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (2013)

The balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs, which is governed by multiple synapse organizers, controls neural circuit functions and behaviors. Slit- and Trk-like proteins (Slitrks) are a family of synapse organizers, whose emerging synaptic roles are incompletely understood. Here, we report that Slitrks are enriched in postsynaptic densities in rat brains. Overexpression of Slitrks promoted synapse formation, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of Slitrks decreased synapse density. Intriguingly, Slitrks were required for both excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation in an isoform-dependent manner. Moreover, Slitrks required distinct members of the leukocyte antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (LAR-RPTP) family to trigger synapse formation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), in particular, was specifically required for excitatory synaptic differentiation by Slitrks, whereas PTPδ was necessary for inhibitory synapse differentiation. Taken together, these data suggest that combinatorial interactions of Slitrks with LAR-RPTP family members maintain synapse formation to coordinate excitatory–inhibitory balance.
Supergranulation Scale Convection Simulations (2009)

Abstract. Results of realistic simulations of solar surface convection on the scale of supergranules (96 Mm wide by 20 Mm deep) are presented. The simulations cover only 10 % of the geometric depth of the solar convection zone, but half its pressure scale heights. They include the hydrogen, first and most of the second helium ionization zones. The horizontal velocity spectrum is a power law and the horizontal size of the dominant convective cells increases with increasing depth. Convection is driven by buoyancy work which is largest close to the surface, but significant over the entire domain. Close to the surface buoyancy driving is balanced by the divergence of the kinetic energy flux, but deeper down it is balanced by dissipation. The damping length of the turbulent kinetic energy is 4 pressure scale heights. The mass mixing length is 1.8 scale heights. Two thirds of the area is upflowing fluid except very close to the surface. The internal (ionization) energy flux is the largest contributor to the convective flux for temperatures less than 40,000 K and the thermal energy flux is the largest contributor at higher temperatures.
Colorectal Cancer Incidence Patterns in the United States, 1974–2013 (2016)

Age-specific CRC risk has escalated back to the level of those born circa 1890 for contemporary birth cohorts, underscoring the need for increased awareness among clinicians and the general public, as well as etiologic research to elucidate causes for the trend. Further, as nearly one-third of rectal cancer patients are younger than age 55 years, screening initiation before age 50 years should be considered.
Implantation of a responsive neurostimulator device in patients with refractory epilepsy (2008)

The results obtained in this small preliminary series demonstrate a safe implantation method for the responsive neurostimulation device.
The Ladder: A Reliable Leaderboard for Machine Learning Competitions (2015)

The organizer of a machine learning competition faces problem of maintaining an accurate that faithfully represents quality of best submission of each competing team. What makes this estimation problem particularly challenging is its sequential and adaptive nature. As participants are allowed to repeatedly evaluate their submissions on leaderboard, they may begin to overfit to holdout data that supports leaderboard. Few theoretical results give actionable advice on how to design a reliable leaderboard. Existing approaches therefore often resort to poorly understood heuristics such as limiting bit precision of answers and rate of re-submission. 
In this work, we introduce a notion of leaderboard accuracy tailored to format of a competition. We introduce a natural algorithm called the Ladder and demonstrate that it simultaneously supports strong theoretical guarantees in a fully adaptive model of estimation, withstands practical adversarial attacks, and achieves high utility on real submission files from an actual competition hosted by Kaggle. 
Notably, we are able to sidestep a powerful recent hardness result for adaptive risk estimation that rules out algorithms such as ours under a seemingly very similar notion of accuracy. On a practical note, we provide a completely parameter-free variant of our algorithm that can be deployed in a real competition with no tuning required whatsoever.