gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scatter correction with combined single-scatter simulation and Monte Carlo simulation for 3D PET (2014)

In positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, scattered gamma photons typically account for more than 30% of total detected coincidence counts. Single scatter simulation (SSS) method is widely used for estimating scatter contribution in PET image reconstruction. Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are more accurate but computationally expensive. When using SSS, the modeled scatter contribution is typically scaled to match the measured data. Typically tail fitting is used for this scaling. However, when the available tail part is either too small or too noisy, the tail fitting technique may lead to artifacts in the reconstructed images. In this study, a hybrid method that combines SSS and MC is presented. The method uses SSS to approximate the shape of scatter contribution, and scales the SSS result by a scaling factor derived from a low-count MC simulation. Effectiveness of the method is evaluated with phantom and patient studies. Images reconstructed using SSS with tail-fitting scaling (SSS-TFS) and SSS with Monte Carlo scaling (SSS-MCS) are compared. Results show that SSS-MCS significantly reduces or eliminates the artifacts that present in SSS-TFS images. For smaller objects, both SSS-MCS and SSS-TFS produce artifact-free images. The MC simulation takes less than a second on a computer with 8 CPU cores to achieve less than 1% of scatter scaling factor variation. A hybrid scatter correction method that combines SSS and Monte Carlo simulation is developed for PET reconstruction. The method demonstrates a significant improvement in scatter correction accuracy. The added computational cost is negligible.
The Effects of Soluble Products of Activated Lymphocytes and Macrophages on Blastocyst Implantation Events in Vitro1 (1991)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soluble products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages on mouse blastocyst attachment and trophoblast outgrowth in vitro. Hatched blastocysts were incubated with medium alone, supernatant fluids from mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), and with individual human and murine lymphokines and monokines in fibronectin-coated wells. Cultures were assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h for blastocyst attachment and trophoblast outgrowth. Both human and murine MLC supernatant fluids significantly enhanced trophoblast outgrowth in vitro. The cytokine, interleukin-1 beta (Il-1 beta), at a concentration of 10(3) U/ml, inhibited blastocyst attachment but significantly enhanced trophoblast outgrowth of attached blastocysts. Granulocyte, macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at a concentration of 250 U/ml significantly inhibited blastocyst attachment, while gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) at a concentration of 2.5 x 10(3) U/ml significantly inhibited trophoblast outgrowth and caused degenerative morphological changes in these cells. The results of this study indicate that products of activated immune cells may either facilitate or impede implantation events depending on the types of predominant cytokines present, their concentration(s), and the timing of their secretion relative to embryonic development.
COVID-19 e a política (2020)

Hoje o mundo vive um dos mais serios problemas de saude publica internacional dos ultimos 100 anos, desde a grande pandemia da pneumonica (gripe espanhola) de 1918-1919. Em finais de dezembro de 2019, o Dr. Li Wenliang, oftalmologista no Hospital Central de Wuhan na China, atraves das redes sociais, relatou a possibilidade de estar a surgir um novo surto de infecao por coronavirus.() As autoridades chinesas, depois de uma tentativa infrutifera de descredibilizacao do medico, impuseram rapidamente uma quarentena obrigatoria [...]
A Survey of Evolution Strategies. (1991)

Similar to Genetic Algorithms, Evolution Strategies (ESs) are algorithms which imitate the principles of natural evolution as a method to solve parameter optimization problems. The development of Evolution Strategies from the first mutation--selection scheme to the refined (¯,)--ES including the general concept of self--adaptation of the strategy parameters for the mutation variances as well as their covariances are described. 1 Introduction The idea to use principles of organic evolution processes as rules for optimum seeking procedures emerged independently on both sides of the Atlantic ocean more than two decades ago. Both approaches rely upon imitating the collective learning paradigm of natural populations, based upon Darwin&apos;s observations and the modern synthetic theory of evolution. In the USA Holland introduced Genetic Algorithms in the 60ies, embedded into the general framework of adaptation [Hol75]. He also mentioned the applicability to parameter optimization which was fir...
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding jacalin isolectins. (1993)

Four jacalin cDNA clones (pSKcJA1, pSKcJA3, pSKcJA15, and pSKcJA17) have been obtained from an Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit) seed cDNA library. These clones share over 94% sequence homology, and their deduced polypeptide sequences confirm the existence of multiple jacalin isolectins in jackfruit seeds. The deduced amino acid sequences show that jacalin appears to be initially synthesized as a prepropeptide with the following structure: N-signal (21 residues)-->propeptide (39 residues)-->beta-peptide (20 residues)-->linker region (4 residues)-->alpha-peptide (133 residues). These observations are supported by Western blot analysis of jackfruit seed extract and by immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated products of both pSKcJA3 transcript and jackfruit seed poly(A)+ RNA. Sequence analysis of the 39-residue propeptide reveals that it has the potential to facilitate proper folding of jacalin protein. The unusual primary structure of jacalin prepropeptide suggests a quite interesting processing of this lectin precursor into mature alpha- and beta-subunits.
Triterpene Esters and Biological Activities from Edible Fruits of<i>Manilkara subsericea</i>(Mart.) Dubard, Sapotaceae (2012)

Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard (Sapotaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as "guracica." Studies with Manilkara spp indicated the presence of triterpenes, saponins, and flavonoids. Several activities have been attributed to Manilkara spp such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antitumoral, which indicates the great biological potential of this genus. In all, 87.19% of the hexanic extract from fruits relative composition were evaluated, in which 72.81% were beta- and alpha-amyrin esters, suggesting that they may be chemical markers for M. subsericea. Hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, (E)-9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, and octadecanoic acid ethyl ester were also identified. Ethanolic crude extracts from leaves, stems, and hexanic extract from fruits exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. These extracts had high IC50 values against Vero cells, demonstrating weak cytotoxicity. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that beta- and alpha-amyrin caproates and caprylates are described for Manilkara subsericea.
A reuse-driven approach for rapid telephone service creation (2002)

The ability to differentiate a telephone service offering quickly, reliably and cost-effectively can give service providers and network operators a competitive edge, attracting more customers and revenue. Customers can also improve their own telecommunications productivity depending on their business needs, thereby increasing their revenues and reducing costs. This paper advocates a reuse-driven service creation environment (SCE) in which the service independent building block (SIB) concept will be of great benefit to all the participants of the advanced intelligent network (AIN)-the telephone companies, the customers, and the equipment vendors. It discusses the easiness and flexibility of the SIB approach in helping service designers and also service subscribers with different skill levels in rapid service definition, creation and customization. The effectiveness of the SIB approach is demonstrated by the empirical results of the new telephone services developed in our SCE. To achieve the goals of AIN, additional works in producing a commercial grade SCE are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthetic Perfusate for Kidney Preservation (1983)

• Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was used as the sole colloid for oncotic support in a perfusate for successful (12 of 12 survivors) 72-hour kidney preservation by hypothermic-pulsatile perfusion. Posttransplant renal function was consistently better than that obtained with other perfusates commonly used in continuous perfusion preservation. Often the posttransplant serum creatinine levels rose to only 1.6 mg/dL and rapidly returned to normal (1.0 mg/dL). The perfusate included, in addition to HES, gluconate as the major anion in place of chloride. Perfusate containing high levels of potassium produces results equal to those with high levels of sodium. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of consecutive successful 72-hour preservation of canine kidneys using a purely synthetic perfusate devoid of animal-derived protein for colloid oncotic support. (<i>Arch Surg</i>1983;118:919-921)
Hydrogen peroxide production, chemiluminescence, and the respiratory burst of fertilization: Interrelated events in early sea urchin development (1978)

After fertilization of the sea urchin, Strongyl-ocentrotus purpuratus, a crosslinked fertilization membrane is formed; the crosslinks (dityrosine residues) are synthesized in a reaction catalyzed by an ovoperoxidase that is released from the cortical granules during fertilization. The substrate for ovoperoxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide, is generated by the egg coincident with the "respiratory burst" that follows parthenogenetic activation by the divalent ionophore A23187 or fertilization. This burst of oxygen consumption may be almost quantitatively accounted for by hydrogen peroxide evolution, as measured by the peroxidase-catalyzed quenching of scopoletin fluorescence. Neither the burst of oxygen consumption nor hydrogen peroxide production occurs when the inhibitor of cortical granule discharge, procaine, is present at fertilization. Fertilization or parthenogenetic activation with A23187 also is associated with a burst of light emission. This chemiluminescence is inhibited in vivo by inhibitors of the ovoperoxidase, such as 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, phenylhydrazine, sulfite, or azide. A crude ovoperoxidase preparation catalyzes hydrogen peroxide-dependent chemiluminescence that is similarly inhibited. Thus, the bursts of oxygen uptake, peroxide production, and chemiluminescence appear to be several manifestations of the peroxidative system released at fertilization. This system may additionally be responsible for spermicidal activity and thus may act as a component of the block to polyspermy.
Multiple sclerosis-associated retroviral agent (MSRV)-stimulated cytokine production in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2009)

These data strengthen the hypothesis indicating that MSRV could be involved in the pathogenesis of MS.
Blue Rose perimeter defense and security system (2006)

An in-ground perimeter security system has been developed by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport based upon fiber optic sensor technology. The system, called Blue Rose, exploits the physical phenomenon of Rayleigh optical scattering, which occurs naturally in optical fibers used traditionally for Optical Time Domain Reflectometry techniques to detect sound and vibration transmitted by intruders such as people walking or running and moving vehicles near the sensor. The actual sensor is a single-mode optical fiber with an elastomeric coating that is buried in the ground. A long coherence length laser is used to transmit encoded light down the fiber. Minute changes in the fiber in response to the intrusion produce phase changes to the returning backscattered light signal. The return light signal contains both the actual intrusion sound and the location information of where along the fiber the intrusion has occurred. A digital, in-ground, Blue Rose system has been built and is now operational at NUWC. Due to the low cost of the optical fiber sensor and unique benefits of the system, the Blue Rose system provides an advantage in long perimeter or border security applications and also reduces security manning requirements and therefore overall cost for security.
Vapour HF Release of Airgap-based UV-visible Optical Filters (2015)

The design and CMOS-compatible fabrication of airgap-based optical filters in a surface micromachining process with sacrificial release using thevapour phase is presented. An airgap-dielectric layer combination offers a higher refractive index contrast, as compared to the conventional all-dielectriclayer based filters, which results in a higher peak reflectance and a wider bandwidth in a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Several DBRs and Fabry-Perot filters with multiple (low-n) airgap layers separating a stack of (high-n) layers of a dielectric material were designed for operation in the UV-visible spectrum. The fabrication was based on an Al2O3 and SiO2 system. The lateral design includes a set of anchor points and access holes. Finally, a vapour phase HF etching was used to remove the SiO2 layers and release the Al2O3 membranes. This method prevents the stiction of the membranes and provides a higher control and uniformity over the filter area.
Integrated circuit implementation of a cortical neuron (2008)

This paper presents an analogue integrated circuit implementation of a cortical neuron model. The VLSI chip prototype has been implemented in a 0.35 mum CMOS technology. The single neuron cell has a compact layout and very low energy consumption, in the range of 9 pJ per spike. Experimental results demonstrate the capability of the circuit to generate a realistic spike shape and a variety of spiking and bursting firing patterns. The models of various cortical neuron types are obtained in a single circuit, through the adjustment of two biasing voltages, making the circuit suitable for applications in reconfigurable neuromorphic devices that implement biologically plausible spiking neural networks.
Induction of the Lactose Transport System in a Lipid-Synthesis-Defective Mutant of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1970)

In order to relate the biogenesis of the lactose transport system to lipid synthesis, a glycerol-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 with a specific defect in l-glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis was isolated and characterized. The defective enzyme is the biosynthetic l-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [l-glycerol-3-phosphate: NAD (P) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8] which functions as a dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase to provide l-glycerol-3-phosphate for lipid synthesis. In this mutant, removal of glycerol from the growth medium results in inhibition of the synthesis of protein, deoxyribonucleic acid, and phospholipid. Inhibition of phospholipid synthesis immediately follows glycerol removal, whereas the inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis is preceded by a short lag period. Glycerol starvation does not change the turnover pattern of previously synthesized phospholipids. The blocking of lipid synthesis by glycerol starvation causes a drastic decrease in inducibility of beta-galactoside transport activity relative to beta-galactosidase, indicating that induction of lactose transport requires de novo lipid synthesis.
Mixing of immiscible polymers using nanoporous coordination templates (2015)

The establishment of methodologies for the mixing of immiscible substances is highly desirable to facilitate the development of fundamental science and materials technology. Herein we describe a new protocol for the compatibilization of immiscible polymers at the molecular level using porous coordination polymers (PCPs) as removable templates. In this process, the typical immiscible polymer pair of polystyrene (PSt) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared via the successive homopolymerizations of their monomers in a PCP to distribute the polymers inside the PCP particles. Subsequent dissolution of the PCP frameworks in a chelator solution affords a PSt/PMMA blend that is homogeneous in the range of several nanometers. Due to the unusual compatibilization, the thermal properties of the polymer blend are remarkably improved compared with the conventional solvent-cast blend. This method is also applicable to the compatibilization of PSt and polyacrylonitrile, which have very different solubility parameters.
Systematics of the white-crowned sparrow (1948)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Centrotemporal spikes in families with rolandic epilepsy (1998)

We found evidence for linkage of BECTS to a region on chromosome 15q14. Either the alpha 7 AChR subunit gene or a closely linked gene are implicated in pedigrees with BECTS. The disorder is genetically heterogeneous. Surprisingly, the same chromosomal area has been reported to be linked to the phenotype in families with an auditory neurophysiologic deficit as well as in families with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, another idiopathic but generalized epilepsy syndrome.
Inactivation of cysteine proteases by peptidyl epoxides: characterization of the alkylation sites on the enzyme and the inactivator (2000)

Erythro peptidyl epoxides are selective inactivators of cysteine proteases. The alkylation site, both on the enzyme papain and on the epoxide itself, was characterized. The inactivation of papain with the peptidyl epoxide erythro benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-epoxide was followed by total hydrolysis by acid. Mass spectral analysis of the hydrolysate revealed, in addition to the expected amino acids, a unique signal of m/z 209 (MH+). Its high-resolution mass spectrum and daughter peak analysis correspond to the product of alkylation on cysteine and the expected fragmentation. A similar MS pattern was obtained for a synthetic model compound corresponding to the expected hydrolysis product. A 13C NMR analysis of papain inactivated by a specifically 13C-labelled peptidyl epoxide indicated that the alkylation of the enzyme's cysteine residue occurs on the primary carbon of the epoxide moiety.
Fluorinated Analogues of the p17/p24 Sequence Incorporating 3-fluoro and 3,3-difluoro Phenylalanines as Potential Inhibitors of HIV Protease (1994)

The synthesis and activity of a series of fluorinated peptide analogues of the p17/p24 sequence incorporating 3-fluoro and 3,3-difluoro phenylananines at the P 1 position of the scissile bond are described. It was hoped that these might act as potent inhibitors of HIV protease. In fact, none of the compounds studied displayed any anti-HIV activity in vitro. This may be attributed to poor cell penetration of the compounds and metabolic cleavage of their peptide bonds.
Effect of Disk Flexibility on Rocking Mode Frequencies of a Disk Drive Spindle Motor System (1996)

The lowest natural frequency of a hard disk drive related to a spindle motor is the so-called “rocking mode,” the frequency at which the rotor of the motor is whirling conically. A traditional rotordynamics theory with thick/rigid disks is not able to predict the rocking mode frequencies correctly. In this paper, the rocking mode frequencies of a single-disk rigid-rotor motor were solved analytically, including the effects of disk flexibility and ball bearing contact angle. In addition, the disk flexibility model was integrated to a finite element-based (FEM) flexible-shaft rotordynamics computer program. The closed-form solution of the analytical model provides design engineers a tool to identify critical design parameters. It was found that the rocking mode frequency, which is mainly affected by the clamped condition at the inner radius of the disk, is the flexible disk one-nodal-diameter mode frequency reduced by the compliance of ball bearings. The results obtained from both the analytical model and the FEM computer program matched the experimental results with an error less than two percent. Neglecting the effect of ball bearing contact angle increases the error three times. The effects of design parameters were also investigated.
Study of ferroelectricity and current–voltage characteristics of CdZnTe (2002)

CdZnTe has been characterized by means of polarization-field hysteresis and current–voltage measurements. The CdZnTe is shown to be ferroelectric with polarization endurance up to 107 poling cycles. The polarization is significantly influenced by free carriers and can be switched by light illumination. The capacitance of CdZnTe consists of ferroelectric and depletion components. On the other hand, electrical conduction in the CdZnTe is modulated by the polarization, leading to hysteresis in the current–voltage characteristics. Writing and reading measurement has shown a reading-current difference of 0.015 mA at a nondestructive voltage for the binary digits.
Metabolic and Dynamic Profiling for Risk Assessment of Fluopyram, a Typical Phenylamide Fungicide Widely Applied in Vegetable Ecosystem (2016)

Fluopyram, a typical phenylamide fungicide, was widely applied to protect fruit vegetables from fungal pathogens-responsible yield loss. Highly linked to the ecological and dietary risks, its residual and metabolic profiles in the fruit vegetable ecosystem still remained obscure. Here, an approach using modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction combined with GC-MS/MS analysis was developed to investigate fluopyram fate in the typical fruit vegetables including tomato, cucumber, pepper under the greenhouse environment. Fluopyram dissipated in accordance with the first-order rate dynamics equation with the maximum half-life of 5.7 d. Cleveage of fluopyram into 2-trifluoromethyl benzamide and subsequent formation of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-acetic acid and 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) picolinic acid was elucidated to be its ubiquitous metabolic pathway. Moreover, the incurrence of fluopyram at the pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 7-21 d was between 0.0108 and 0.1603 mg/kg, and the Hazard Quotients (HQs) were calculated to be less than 1, indicating temporary safety on consumption of the fruit vegetables incurred with fluopyram, irrespective of the uncertain toxicity of the metabolites. Taken together, our findings reveal the residual essential of fluopyram in the typical agricultural ecosystem, and would advance the further insight into ecological risk posed by this fungicide associated with its metabolites.
Comparison of EAI Frameworks. (2005)

) is defined as the set of plans, methods and tools aimed at modernizing, consolidating, integrating and coordinating information systems within an enterprise. An EAI Framework (EAIF) is presented to provide sound and unified definitions of the modeling elements involved in the EAI approach. The goal of this work is to compare EAIF with other widely accepted frameworks that can be used to model EAI. A set of reusable features are defined to identify the main weakness and strength of these frameworks. As a result, EAIF has been enriched with the "human aspects" feature.