gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multistep parallel plate avalanche chamber as a 2D imager for MeV pulsed radiography</title> (1996)

In this paper, we present the experimental validation of the wide signal measurement range of a high sensitivity gateable camera based on a multi step parallel plate avalanche chamber (MSPPAC) for MeV pulsed radiography applications. The MSPPAC was tested with a metallic converter. Thus, we have demonstrated that the MSPPAC is a potentially high- performance imager, even for the high hard x-ray dose rates used in radiography and radiotherapy.
An MRI study of brain size in autism (1995)

These findings suggest that male autistic subjects have enlarged brains and that enlargement is a result of both greater brain tissue volume and greater lateral ventricle volume.
An automated active source and load pull measurement system (2002)

A fully automated electronic load and source pull measurement system has been developed using standard Agilent ESG Frequency sources. Combined with a vector corrected time-domain waveform measurement system based on the HP-MTA (Microwave Transition Analyser) enabling real time waveform measurements of the current and voltages to be obtained. The system has been validated using measurements performed on a Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor operating in Class B with constant harmonic terminations on the load and source over variations in drive level.
Has the well run dry? Priming the diversity pump in PhD programs. (1999)

America has always described itself as a melting pot of people and cultures. Perhaps it has become more of a "boiling pot" as assaults against affirmative action and charges of racism run rampant. Underrepresented minorities in the United States remain well below the national average with regard to education, employment, and health status. While today these minorities make up nearly 25% of the US population, historically they continue to be underrepresented in the medical and research professions. Some progress has been made during the last several decades, but it has stalled. And there is reason to believe that we are facing potentially rapid reversals of what has been painfully achieved. There is a significant pipeline problem in the production of minority doctorate recipients in America today. A review of a cohort of 17-year-old white and black students using a national longitudinal survey of the high school class of 1980 determined that 28% of white students graduated from college, compared with only 11% of black students--a 60% difference. Less than 1% of this original cohort of black students went on to earn science degrees. Doctoral programs now increasingly compete for the same small group of academically qualified minority students. The only long-term solution is to improve the educational opportunities starting from the early stages of the educational pipeline, beginning in elementary school. High school is too late. This process is complicated and will be costly. Pipeline initiatives will demand creativity, flexibility, and a commitment from all of us. We must increase the motivation and preparation of minority students regarding careers in science, engineering, and health care. We in academic health centers must play a key role in strengthening science education and in changing our behavior. We need to address the reasons why more than half of black students who enter college fail to graduate, why there is so little interest in science, and why minority students are not better prepared in science while they are in secondary school. And we need to address these issues now.
Unique mechanism of GLUT3 glucose transporter regulation by prolonged energy demand: increased protein half-life (1998)

L6 muscle cells survive long-term (18 h) disruption of oxidative phosphorylation by the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) because, in response to this metabolic stress, they increase their rate of glucose transport. This response is associated with an elevation of the protein content of glucose transporter isoforms GLUT3 and GLUT1, but not GLUT4. Previously we have reported that the rise in GLUT1 expression is likely to be a result of de novo biosynthesis of the transporter, since the uncoupler increases GLUT1 mRNA levels. Unlike GLUT1, very little is known about how interfering with mitochondrial ATP production regulates GLUT3 protein expression. Here we examine the mechanisms employed by DNP to increase GLUT3 protein content and glucose uptake in L6 muscle cells. We report that, in contrast with GLUT1, continuous exposure to DNP had no effect on GLUT3 mRNA levels. DNP-stimulated glucose transport was unaffected by the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The increase in GLUT3 protein mediated by DNP was also insensitive to cycloheximide, paralleling the response of glucose uptake, whereas the rise in GLUT1 protein levels was blocked by the inhibitor. The GLUT3 glucose transporter may therefore provide the majority of the glucose transport stimulation by DNP, despite elevated levels of GLUT1 protein. The half-lives of GLUT3 and GLUT1 proteins in L6 myotubes were determined to be about 15 h and 6 h respectively. DNP prolonged the half-life of both proteins. After 24 h of DNP treatment, 88% of GLUT3 protein and 57% of GLUT1 protein had not turned over, compared with 25% in untreated cells. We conclude that the long-term stimulation of glucose transport by DNP arises from an elevation of GLUT3 protein content associated with an increase in GLUT3 protein half-life. These findings suggest that disruption of the oxidative chain of L6 muscle cells leads to an adaptive response of glucose transport that is distinct from the insulin response, involving specific glucose transporter isoforms that are regulated by different mechanisms.
The Role of GABAergic Inhibition in Ocular Dominance Plasticity (2011)

During the last decade, we have gained much insight into the mechanisms that open and close a sensitive period of plasticity in the visual cortex. This brings the hope that novel treatments can be developed for brain injuries requiring renewed plasticity potential and neurodevelopmental brain disorders caused by defective synaptic plasticity. One of the central mechanisms responsible for opening the sensitive period is the maturation of inhibitory innervation. Many molecular and cellular events have been identified that drive this developmental process, including signaling through BDNF and IGF-1, transcriptional control by OTX2, maturation of the extracellular matrix, and GABA-regulated inhibitory synapse formation. The mechanisms through which the development of inhibitory innervation triggers and potentially closes the sensitive period may involve plasticity of inhibitory inputs or permissive regulation of excitatory synapse plasticity. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge in the field and open questions to be addressed.
Novel Core–Shell FeOF/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> Hierarchical Nanostructure for All‐Solid‐State Flexible Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance (2017)

Well‐controlled core–shell hierarchical nanostructures based on oxyfluoride and hydroxide are for the first time rationally designed and synthesized via a simple solvothermal and chemical precipitation route, in which FeOF nanorod acts as core and porous Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets as shell. When evaluated as electrodes for supercapacitors, a high specific capacitance of 1452 F g −1 can be obtained at a current density of 1 A g −1 . Even as the current density increases to 10 A g −1 , the core–shell hybrid still reserves a noticeable capacitance of 1060 F g −1 , showing an excellent rate capacity. Furthermore, all‐solid‐state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on the FeOF/Ni(OH) 2 hybrid as a positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode shows high power density, high energy density, and long cycling lifespan. The excellent electrochemical performance of the FeOF/Ni(OH) 2 core–shell hybrid is ascribed to the unique microstructure and synergistic effects. FeOF nanorod from FeF 3 by partial substitution of fluorine with oxygen behaves as a low intrinsic resistance, thus facilitating charge transfer processes. While the hierarchical Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets with large surface area provide enough active sites for redox chemical reactions, leading to greatly enhanced electrochemical activity. The well‐controllable oxyfluoride/hydroxide hybrid is inspiring, opening up a new way to design new electrodes for next‐generation all‐solid‐state supercapacitors.
Surface Acoustic Wave Ring Filter (1976)

A surface acoustic wave low loss filter device having input and output transducers located along opposed sides of a rectangular propagation path with frequency selective reflective gratings at each of the four corners of the rectangle. Two traveling surface waves traverse the device along opposed paths encountering frequency filtering at the gratings. The two waves arrive at the output transducer additively in phase eliminating the bidirectionality loss normally associated with surface acoustic wave devices. At frequencies for which the gratings are reflective there can be nearly lossless transmission from input to output. At all other frequencies, transmission between input and output transducers is negligible. The device has high sidelobe rejection, adjustable passband skirt slopes, and an adjustable bandwidth.
Metals Intercalated in Graphite. II. The Friedel–Crafts Reactions with AlCl<sub>3</sub>–Graphite (1974)

Aluminum trichloride can be intercalated in the lattice of graphite. This intercalate is a milder catalyst than AlCl 3 for the alkylation reactions and gives less polysubstituted reaction products.
Kinetics of Evaporation and Gel Formation in Thin Films of Ceramic Precursors (2014)

Precursors derived from the hydrolysis of organic or inorganic salts have been widely used to produce ceramic coatings for a broad variety of applications. When applying the liquid precursors to the substrates, it is extremely challenging to control the film uniformity and homogeneity. The rate of solvent evaporation at different locations is different, causing the viscosity variation and flows in the film. There is very limited knowledge about the viscosity change in evaporating ceramic precursors. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effect of evaporation on viscosity variation in thin films and droplets. We use magnetic rotational spectroscopy to study the time dependence of viscosity in mullite precursors. A correlation between the viscosity change and evaporation kinetics is revealed. This correlation was used to relate the change of viscosity to the concentration of mullite. A master curve relating viscosity to the mullite concentration was constructed and used to propose a possible scenario of the viscosity increase during solvent evaporation.
Potential role of cryptobiotic soil crusts in semiarid rangelands (1994)

The role of cryptobiotic soil crusts in the functioning of semiarid and arid ecosystems is discussed. These roles include microstructuring of soils in cold-desert ecosystems, influencing soil nutrient levels, and influencing the nutrient status, germination, and establishment of vascular plants in crusted areas when compared to uncrusted areas. For these reasons, re-establishment of these crusts should be an important part of reclamation efforts. Natural recovery rates and the effectiveness of inoculation efforts are discussed.
Time Co-Ordination, the Domestic Division of Labour and Affective Relations: Time Use and the Enjoyment of Activities within Couples (1996)

In this paper the time-use of diaries of a sample of couples are used to explore the relationship between partners' daily pattern of activities and their enjoyment of those activities. By analysing the diaries of couples together it is possible to assess which activities are undertaken simultaneously, which separately, and whether time spent in different activities is more enjoyable spent separately or together. So, in addition to the usual information obtainable from time diary analysis on the domestic division of labour, these data provide information on the quality of time, and the ways in which couples may manipulate it in order to increase the proportion of enjoyable time (which, it is shown, is more enjoyable when enjoyed together). The wider significance of this approach is that an empirical link is provided between `work-related' debates on the domestic division of labour, and those on the nature of affective relationships between couples found within the sociology of emotions.
Testing static and dynamic faults in random access memories (2003)

The ever increasing trend to reduce DPM levels of memories requires tests with very high fault coverage. The important class of dynamic faults, therefore, cannot be ignored any more. It is shown that conventional memory tests constructed to detect static faulty behavior of a specific defect do not necessarily detect the dynamic faulty behavior. Indeed, dynamic faulty behavior can take place in the absence of static faults. The paper presents new memory tests derived to target the dynamic fault class.
Über Einen Chinopyrylium‐Farbstoff (1957)

Abstract Kondensation von p ‐Dimethylamino‐benzaldehyd mit Acetophenon führt zu einem Diketon, das in einen neuartigen Farbstoff übergeführt wurde, der gleichzeitig Chinon‐ und Pyryliumderivat ist.
UVA Exposure Affects UVB and cis-Urocanic Acid-Induced Systemic Suppression of Immune Responses in Listeria monocytogenes-infected Balb/c Mice¶ (2001)

Ultraviolet radiation can inhibit immune responses locally as well as systemically. Such effects have been measured in animals and humans exposed to ultraviolet B (wavelength 280-315 nm) (UVB) and ultraviolet A (315-400 nm) (UVA). The precise wavelength dependence is important for the identification of possible molecular targets and for assessments of risk of different artificial UV sources and solar UV. In such analyses, it is commonly assumed that radiation energy from each wavelength contributes to the effect independent of the other wavelengths. Here we show that this assumption does not hold good. In the present study, it was investigated whether exposure to broadband UVA or longwave ultraviolet A 1 (340-400 nm) (UVA 1) prior to the standard immunosuppressive UVB protocol might modulate the immunosuppressive effects induced by UVB. Preexposure to broadband UVA or longwave UVA 1, 1 day prior to the standard immunosuppressive UVB protocol, inhibited the UVB-induced suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Listeria monocytogenes significantly. This effect was not associated with restoring the number of interleukin (IL-12)-positive cells in the spleen. Since isomerization of trans-urocanic acid (UCA) into the immunosuppressive cis-UCA isomer plays a crucial role in UVB-induced immunomodulation, in a second set of experiments it was investigated whether immunosuppression induced by cis-UCA might also be downregulated by preexposure to UVA. Animals were exposed to broad-band UVA or longwave UVA 1 prior to application of an immunosuppressive dose of cis- or trans-UCA as a control. Both UVA and UVA 1 appear to inhibit the cis-UCA-induced systemic immunosuppression (DTH and IL-12) to L. monocytogenes. These studies clearly show that UVA radiation modulates both UVB and cis-UCA-induced immunomodulation. In general, our studies indicate that both broadband UVA and longwave UVA 1 could induce modulation of UVB and cis-UCA-induced immunomodulation. As sunlight contains both UVA and UVB radiation the balance between these two radiations apparently determines the net immunomodulatory effect.
Single fraction of accelerated partial breast irradiation in the elderly: early clinical outcome (2018)

We reported promising and encouraging clinical outcome of a post-operative single fraction of MIB ABPI in the elderly. This approach leads to consider a sfAPBI as an attractive alternative to intra-operative radiation therapy while all the patients will be good candidates for APBI in regards to the post-operative pathological report. More mature results (number of patients and follow-up) are needed.
Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in human blood (2009)

Circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) spread in the blood and lymph systems, seeking to create secondary tumors at distant sites from the primary tumor.1–3 A patient with CMCs has metastatic disease and is in the most dangerous phase of the cancer cycle. Detection of CMCs may serve as an early indicator of metastasis or relapse, and tracking their number may enable noninvasive disease monitoring. Likewise, their absence may provide important staging information for clinicians and patients. Current methods, such as computed tomography scans and positron-emission tomography imaging, can only detect metastatic disease when secondary tumors are at least a few millimeters in size, and thus composed of millions or perhaps billions of cancer cells. Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an active research area that has met with limited success. Most methods, such as the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, immunomagnetic separation, and fluorescence cytometry, use some sort of enhancement process to detect these cells or their biochemical precursors.4–6 These approaches are often time consuming, complex, and of limited accuracy. We have designed a rapid, label-free photoacoustic flowmetry system that can detect and count single melanoma cells in human blood samples (see Figure 1). We used nanosecond laser pulses to irradiate white blood cells (WBCs) derived from patient blood samples and separated by standard centrifugation.7, 8 If CMCs are present, they would reside among the WBCs because of their similar densities. Laser irradiation of pigmented CMCs induces distinct highfrequency acoustic transients. WBCs, on the other hand, do not have significant chromophores. By targeting melanin, a broadband optical absorber found in approximately 95% of Figure 1. (top) Schematic of the photoacoustic flowmeter for detection of melanoma cells in blood samples. PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride. (bottom) Laser irradiating the glass flow chamber.
Direct Transformation of Ethylene into Propylene Catalyzed by a Tungsten Hydride Supported on Alumina: Trifunctional Single‐Site Catalysis (2007)

A trifunctional single-site catalyst: Ethylene is selectively transformed into propylene in a continuous-flow reactor in the presence of the supported tungsten hydride W(H)3/Al2O3. Since the catalyst is also active for olefin metathesis, the reaction is likely to proceed at a “trifunctional catalytic site” by ethylene dimerization, butene isomerization, and cross-metathesis of ethylene with 2-butenes (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701199_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
European challenge: developing global organizations (2002)

In the twenty‐first century more European organizations will have to go global in scope and operations. Increasing globalization is forcing such a transformation of corporations, associations, and agencies. If business expects to be competitive in the global marketplace, their use of information technology is not only a force in this trend, but a powerful tool to achieve this goal. This article examines the impact of globalization on institutions, the challenges and issues in globalization, and how to transform an organization into a global enterprise. The latter occurs, the author suggests, when such change is well planned, so that a new work culture is created which embraces new technologies, such as in the fields of communications and information.
Breaking a Paradigm: Drilling with Tubing Gas Wells (1998)

Abstract Breaking a paradigm is to try to solve any situation with a different point of view and different sources. Everyone believes that for drilling a gas well, it is obviously necessary to use only drill pipe. Pemex Exploration & Production (PEP) is giving a tremendous change in this direction in the North of Mexico, in the area of Burgos Basin, Reynosa, Tamaulipas. PEP had successfully drilled more than 40 gas wells using upset tubing with WedgeThread Technology to drill the last section of the well, using the slim hole design and applying the "Tubingless Technique" for completion. This has given PEP the opportunity to save 30 to 40% of total cost of each gas well. The conventional drilling programs used to be 17-1/2 in, 12-1/4 in. and 8-1/2 in. bit diameters and 13-3/8 in., 9-5/8 in. and 7 in. casing diameters respectively. This normally requires a 4 1/2 in. drill pipe for drilling the three sections, because the capacity of this pipe (torsion, tension and hydraulics geometry). Finally, the completion was performed with a 2-7/8 in. tubing with a permanent packer on top of the production zone. The new drilling program requires 12-1/4 in., 8-1/2 in. and 5-7/8 in., bit diameters and 9 5/8 in., 7 in. and 3-1/2 in. casing diameters respectively. The 3-1/2 in. tubing has an integral connection on internal-external upset pipe with the Wedge Thread Technology to drill the last section and then it is cemented as a production casing (tubingless technique). Also this tubing has an amazing application to drill because its torsion, tension, bending and compression strengths. Therefore, this 3-1/2 in. tubing has a triple application: as a drill pipe, production casing and tubing. P. 465
Effects of Video Encoding on Camera-Based Heart Rate Estimation (2019)

The paper can sensitize the research community toward the problems of video encoding, and the proposed recommended practices can help with conducting future experiments and creating valuable datasets that can be shared publicly. Such datasets would improve comparability and reproducibility in the research field.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with Nitroarylamines (2006)

A convenient one-step synthesis of 2-[(nitroaryl)amino]-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones is reported. The direct amination of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with nitro-substituted aryl amines is catalyzed by PdCl2(dppf)/dppf [1] in the presence of t-BuONa as base to yield 2-[(nitroaryl)amino]-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones, several of which were previously unavailable. Traces of the 2,3-di[(nitroaryl)amino]-1,4-naphthoquinones were detected as side products.
Protein components of the nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor. (1991)

The nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor (Mr approximately 350,000) of WEHI-7 mouse lymphoma cells was investigated with respect to the stoichiometry of protein subunits. Cross-linking patterns obtained by affinity labeling and denaturing gel electrophoresis revealed a heterotetramer consisting of one receptor polypeptide in association with two 90- and one approximately 50-kDa subunits. The receptor stabilized by molybdate, disulfide bond formation, or chemical cross-linking was purified roughly 6000-fold by immunoaffinity chromatography and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The 90-kDa component was consistently detected in a 2:1 ratio with respect to the receptor polypeptide and was identified as the 90-kDa heat shock protein, hsp90. A 70-kDa heat shock protein was found in both stabilized and nonstabilized receptors and bound to the immunomatrix independent of receptor. The additional receptor subunit was unequivocally identified as the 59-kDa protein previously described (Tai, P.-K. K., Maeda, Y., Nakao, K., Wakim, N. G., Duhring, J. L., and Faber, L. E. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 5269-5275). This component was found only in complexes cross-linked via amino groups. It was removed from the molybdate-stabilized receptor under our purification conditions, thus leaving behind a trimer composed of the receptor polypeptide and two molecules of hsp90. In the absence of hormone, the receptor had the same subunit composition as in its presence.