gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Tool (1981)

A theoretical investigation of the electromagnetic wave propagation tool (EPT)® is presented. An asymptotic analysis, using contour integration, was utilized to derive approximations for the waves at the receivers of the EPT tool. The waves at the receivers are decomposed into a guided wave and a lateral wave. When the mudcake layer is thin, the lateral wave nearly satisfies the guidance condition of the mudcake layer, and its algebraic decay is diminished from the negative of the three-halves power with distance (thick mudcake) to the negative one-half power with distance. In this case, the guided wave and the lateral wave both propagate with a wave number close to the wave number of the invaded zone. Indeed, plots of the directional dependence of the transmitted wave in the invaded zone demonstrate that more power is directed along the planar boundary in the invaded zone when the mudcake layer is thin. Plots of the total magnetic field and the magnetic field from the guided wave at the receiver locations are presented as a function of mudcake thickness. These plots show the dominance of the guided wave for increasing mudcake thickness. Travel times are also computed, using both asymptotic approximations and a plane-wave assumption. These results are then compared with the results of Freedman and Vogiatzis. Excellent agreement with the plane wave assumption is found for a thin mudcake layer. This analysis validates the schemes used by Schlumberger for interpreting the EPT tool log.
Correlated Coherent Oscillations in Coupled Semiconductor Charge Qubits (2009)

We study coherent dynamics of two spatially separated electrons in a coupled semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD). Coherent oscillations in one DQD are strongly influenced by electronic states of the other DQD, or the two electrons simultaneously tunnel in a correlated manner. The observed coherent oscillations are interpreted as various two-qubit operations. The results encourage searching quantum entanglement in electronic devices.
Modified Euclidean algorithm block for high-speedReed-Solomon decoder (2001)

A new modified Euclidean (ME) algorithm block for the high-speed Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder is presented. The RS decoder using the ME algorithm has been implemented with standard 0.16 µm CMOS cell technology with a supply voltage of 1.5 V. The results show that it operates at a clock frequency of 300 MHz and has a data processing rate of 2.4 Gbit/s.
High-directivity antenna with small antenna aperture (2009)

We show in this letter that, by using an inhomogeneous metamaterial shell, it is possible to achieve highly directive emission with a small antenna aperture. The material parameters of the metamaterial substrate are obtained by a nonmonotonic optical transformation. Therefore, a large antenna can be effectively transformed to an equivalent one with much smaller aperture. Full-wave finite-element modeling has been performed to confirm this point. The concept proposed here provides a possible solution to reduce the size of antenna without disturbing the radiation characteristics.
8‐3: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Light Steering Projection Systems and Attributes for HDR Displays (2017)

New light steering projectors in cinema form images by moving light away from dark regions into bright areas of an image. In these systems, the peak luminance of small features can far exceed full screen white luminance. In traditional projectors where light is filtered or blocked in order to give shades of gray (or colors), the peak luminance is fixed. The luminance of chromatic features benefit in the same way as white features, and chromatic image details can be reproduced at high brightness leading to a much wider overall color gamut coverage than previously possible. Projectors of this capability are desired by the creative community to aid in and enhance storytelling. Furthermore, reduced light source power requirements of light steering projectors provide additional economic and environmental benefits. While the dependency of peak luminance level on (bright) image feature size is new in the digital cinema space, display technologies with identical characteristics such as OLED, LED LCD and Plasma TVs are well established in the home. Similarly, direct view LED walls are popular in events, advertising and architectural markets. To enable consistent color reproduction across devices in today’s content production pipelines, models that describe modern projectors and display attributes need to evolve together with HDR standards and available metadata. This paper is a first step towards rethinking legacy display descriptors such as contrast, peak luminance and color primaries in light of new display technology. We first summarize recent progress in the field of light steering projectors in cinema and then, based on new projector and existing display characteristics propose the inclusion of two simple display attributes: Maximum Average Luminance and Peak (Color) Primary Luminance. We show that the proposed attributes allow a better prediction of content reproducibility on HDR displays. To validate this assertion, we test professional content on a commercial HDR television system and show that the proposed attributes better predict if a pixel value lies inside the capabilities of a display or not.
Max Allocation with Reservation Bandwidth Constraints Model for Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering & Performance Comparisons (2005)

This document complements the Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering
(DS-TE) requirements document by giving a functional specification for
the Maximum Allocation with Reservation (MAR) Bandwidth Constraints
Model. Assumptions, applicability, and examples of the operation of
the MAR Bandwidth Constraints Model are presented. MAR performance is
analyzed relative to the criteria for selecting a Bandwidth
Constraints Model, in order to provide guidance to user implementation
of the model in their networks. This memo defines an Experimental
Protocol for the Internet community.
Differentiating pediatric epileptic brain tissue from normal brain tissue by using time-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in vivo: comprehensive data analysis method in the time domain (2009)

This research investigated the feasibility of using time-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to differentiate pediatric epileptic brain tissue from normal brain tissue. The optical spectroscopic technique monitored the dynamic optical properties of the cerebral cortex that are associated with its physiological, morphological, and compositional characteristics. Due to the transient irregular epileptic discharge activity within the epileptic brain tissue it was hypothesized that the lesion would express abnormal dynamic optical behavior that would alter normal dynamic behavior. Thirteen pediatric epilepsy patients and seven pediatric brain tumor patients (normal controls) were recruited for this clinical study. Dynamic optical properties were obtained from the cortical surface intraoperatively using a timedependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system. This system consisted of a fiber-optic probe, a tungsten-halogen light source, and a spectrophotometer. It acquired diffuse reflectance spectra with a spectral range of 204 nm to 932 nm at a rate of 33 spectra per second for approximately 12 seconds. Biopsy samples were taken from electrophysiologically abnormal cortex and evaluated by a neuropathologist, which served as a gold standard for lesion classification. For data analysis, spectral intensity changes of diffuse reflectance in the time domain at two different wavelengths from each investigated site were compared. Negative correlation segment, defined by the periods where the intensity changes at the two wavelengths were opposite in their slope polarity, were extracted. The total duration of negative correlation, referred to as the "negative correlation time index", was calculated by integrating the negative correlation segments. The negative correlation time indices from all investigated sites were sub-grouped according to the corresponding histological classifications. The difference between the mean indices of two subgroups was evaluated by standard t-test. These comparison and calculation procedures were carried out for all possible wavelength combinations between 400 nm and 800 nm with 2 nm increments. The positive group consisted of seven pathologically abnormal test sites, and the negative group consisted of 13 normal test sites from non-epileptic tumor patients. A standard t-test showed significant difference between negative correlation time indices from the two groups at the wavelength combinations of 700-760 nm versus 550-580 nm. An empirical discrimination algorithm based on the negative correlation time indices in this range produced 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Based on these results time-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with optimized data analysis methods differentiates epileptic brain tissue from normal brain tissue adequately, therefore can be utilized for surgical guidance, and may enhance the surgical outcome of pediatric epilepsy surgery.
Nanowire addressing with randomized-contact decoders (2006)

Methods for assembling crossbars from nanowires (NWs) have been designed and implemented. Methods for controlling individual NWs within a crossbar have also been proposed, but implementation remains a challenge. A NW decoder is a device that controls many NWs with a much smaller number of lithographically produced mesoscale wires (MWs). Unlike traditional demultiplexers, all proposed NW decoders are assembled stochastically. In a randomized-contact decoder (RCD) (Hogg et al., 2006), for example, field-effect transistors are randomly created at about half of the NW/MW junctions. In this paper, we tightly bound the number of MWs required to produce a correctly functioning RCD with high probability. We show that the number of MWs is logarithmic in the number of NWs, even when errors occur. We also analyze the overhead associated with controlling a stochastically assembled decoder. As we explain, lithographically-produced control circuitry must store information regarding which MWs control which NWs. This requires more area than the MWs themselves, but has received little attention elsewhere
Sera from patients with anti-GBM nephritis including Goodpasture syndrome show heterogenous reactivity to recombinant NC1 domain of type IV collagen   chains (1996)

Autoantibodies in anti-GBM nephritis may not be directed only against the alpha 3(IV) collagen chain and they frequently recognize conformational epitopes.
AUTOLOOP: Automated Action Selection in the "Observe-Analyze-Act" Loop for Storage Systems (2005)

Enterprise applications typically depend on guaranteed performance from the storage subsystem, lest they fail. However, changes in the workload characteristics, component failures, load surges, are unlikely to result in guaranteed performance for the applications. Given that widespread access protocols and scheduling policies are largely best-effort, the problem of meeting performance goals on a shared system is a very difficult one, and currently accomplished by human administrators, using a 24 /spl times/ 7 observe-analyze-act (OAA) loop. AutoLoop is an OAA automation framework that uses a combination of self-refining models and constrained optimization techniques. This paper gives an overview of the automation process, and focuses on the analyze aspect of the loop that selects the corrective action. The process of action selection today is "black magic" - human administrators use their years of experience and coarse-grained heuristics to select along a spectrum of actions ranging from short-term tuning (such as throttling of workloads) to long-term modifications (such as migration of data among the available resources). AUTOLOOP is the first-of-a-kind within storage systems that formalizes the task of action selection as a machine-executable constraint solving problem. AUTOLOOP exhaustively searches the solution-space of corrective actions, uses skyline analysis to short-list a subset of low-cost high-benefit actions, and selects the optimal set of actions along with a schedule to invoke them. The action selection takes into account the cost of action invocation, the expected benefit, the current and future workload needs, the overall load pattern on the system, and the application-level service level objectives (SLOs).
Measuring covert HIV replication during HAART: the abundance of 2-LTR circles is not a reliable marker. (2003)

The development of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has conferred great benefits to patients, but treatment failures are common. This leads to the question of what is going on with the virus during the period of successful control. Is there ongoing ‘covert’ viral replication, allowing potential accumulation of drug resistance mutations, or is replication effectively abolished, requiring other explanations for viral breakthrough? Crucial to understanding this issue is the development of methods for detecting low-level viral replication during successful HAART. A recent study suggested that the abundance of 2-long terminal repeat (LTR) circles was a convenient marker [1]. This study suggested that 2-LTR circles, once formed in cells, were quite short-lived. Thus if 2-LTR circles could be detected in well suppressed patients, then they must indicate recent new infection resulting from ongoing replication. Unfortunately, more recent work, including a study by Brussel et al. in this issue of AIDS, indicate that this marker is in fact unreliable and should not be used in future studies. The data supporting the initial proposal and the subsequent reassessment are summarized below.
Montmorency Tart cherries (<i>Prunus cerasus</i> L.) modulate vascular function acutely, in the absence of improvement in cognitive performance (2016)

Cerebral blood volume and metabolism of oxygen decline as part of human ageing, and this has been previously shown to be related to cognitive decline. There is some evidence to suggest that polyphenol-rich foods can play an important role in delaying the onset or halting the progression of age-related health disorders such as CVD and Alzheimer's disease and to improve cognitive function. In the present study, an acute, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over, randomised Latin-square design study with a washout period of at least 14 d was conducted on twenty-seven, middle-aged (defined as 45-60 years) volunteers. Participants received either a 60 ml dose of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate (MC), which contained 68·0 (sd 0·26) mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/l, 160·75 (sd 0·55) mean gallic acid equivalent/l and 0·59 (sd 0·02) mean Trolox equivalent/l, respectively, or a placebo. Cerebrovascular responses, cognitive performance and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 5 h following consumption. There were significant differences in concentrations of total Hb and oxygenated Hb during the task period 1 h after MC consumption (P≤0·05). Furthermore, MC consumption significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (P≤0·05) over a period of 3 h, with peak reductions of 6±2 mmHg at 1 h after MC consumption relative to the placebo. Cognitive function and mood were not affected. These results show that a single dose of MC concentrate can modulate certain variables of vascular function; however, this does not translate to improvements in cognition or mood.
Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (2002)

Neuropsychiatric symptoms occur in the majority of persons with dementia over the course of the disease. These are the first population-based estimates for neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI, indicating a high prevalence associated with this condition as well. These symptoms have serious adverse consequences and should be inquired about and treated as necessary. Study of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the context of dementia may improve our understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
Photocontrol of In-plane Alignment of a Nematic Liquid Crystal by a Photochromic Spiropyran Monolayer Absorbing Linearly Polarized Light (1992)

Abstract Azimuthal anisotropy of a nematic liquid crystal alignment was caused by exposing 6-nitrospirobenzopyran monolayer to linearly polarized UV light. The photo-induced in-plane alignment was scarcely altered after prolonged storage at an ambient temperature.
Quantum Monte Carlo simulations and maximum entropy: Dynamics from imaginary-time data (1991)

We report the details of an application of the method of maximum entropy to the extraction of spectral and transport properties from the imaginary-time correlation functions generated from quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the nondegenerate, symmetric, single-impurity Anderson model. We find that these physical properties are approximately universal functions of temperature and frequency when these parameters are scaled by the Kondo temperature. We also found that important details for successful extractions included the generation of statistically independent, Gaussian-distributed data, and a good choice of a default model to represent the state of our prior knowledge about the result in the absence of data. We suggest that our techniques are not restricted to the Hamiltonian and quantum Monte Carlo algorithm used here, but that maximum entropy and these techniques lay the general groundwork for the extraction of dynamical information from imaginary-time data generated by other quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
A Low Stiffness Composite Biologically Fixed Prosthesis (2001)

The current authors addressed the question whether stress-induced adaptive bone remodeling of the proximal femur is a necessary consequence after total hip reconstruction with extensively biologically-fixed femoral components. A novel total hip femoral component was designed to simultaneously achieve stable skeletal fixation, structural durability, and reduced femoral stress shielding. This implant allowed for proximal and distal canal filling, yet was significantly less rigid than all-metallic femoral stems crafted of either cobalt chromium or titanium alloy. A cohort of 366 patients (386 hips) treated at 21 institutions worldwide now have been followed up a mean of 2.4 years postoperatively (range, 3 months-6 years). Two hundred sixty-eight patients have 2 years minimum followup. To date, no femoral implants have failed to achieve bone ingrowth and none have required revision. The implants appear radiographically well-fixed with no progressive radiolucencies or osteolysis. Radiostereometric analysis studies on one subset of patients showed stable initial fixation and minimal stem micromotion. Dual energy xray absorptiometry analysis on another subset of patients revealed excellent periprosthetic bone mineral density retention. Compared with more rigid metal implants, this design shows reduced proximal femoral bone loss secondary to stress-mediated bone resorption.
Jaccard Index based availability prediction in enterprise grids (2010)

Enterprise Grid enables sharing and aggregation of a set of computing or storage resources connected by enterprise network, but the availability of the resources in this environment varies widely. Thus accurate prediction of the availability of these resources can significantly improve the performance of executing compute-intensive complex scientific and business applications in enterprise Grid environment by avoiding possible runtime failures. In this paper, we propose a Jaccard Index based prediction approach utilizing lazy learning algorithm that searches for a best match of a sequence pattern in the historical data in order to predict the availability of a particular machine in the system. We compare it against three other well known availability prediction techniques using simulation based study. The experimental results show that our Jaccard Index based prediction approach achieves better prediction accuracy with reduced computational complexity when compared to other similar techniques.
Ultra-Purification of Electrolytic Iron by Cold-Crucible Induction Melting and Induction-Heating Floating-Zone Melting in Ultra-High Vacuum (2000)

The effect of melting under ultra-high vacuum of 10−7 Pa on the purification of the high-purity electrolytic iron developed was investigated using a new cold-crucible induction melting furnace which was able to melt high-purity iron of 10 kg and a new induction-heating floating-zone melting furnace, which were designed and constructed using ultra-high vacuum technology. Ultra-high vacuum melting was quite useful even for the ultra-purification of iron 10 kg in weight. The high-purity electrolytic iron of 7.5 kg with residual resistivity ratio of 2000 to 2700 was melted using the cold-crucible induction melting furnace, and the pressure during melting after melt-down was kept from 1×10−6 to 8×10−7 Pa for 9 min. The 7.5 kg ultra-pure iron ingot of more than 99.9988 mass% purity after the chemical analysis of 33 elements, most of which were lower than each detection limit, was successfully obtained, even if this ingot contains their all elements of the detection limit value. Also the ultra-pure iron 35 g in weight of more than 99.9988 mass% purity was obtained from electrolytic iron of 99.996 mass% purity by the combination of cold-crucible induction melting in ultra-high vacuum and induction-heating floating-zone melting in UHV of 4×10−7 Pa after the analysis of 35 elements. The concentration of C+N+O+S decreases from 14.4 mass ppm before zone-leveling to 2.4 mass ppm after four zone-leveling passes in ultra-high vacuum. For further ultra-purification of iron it is absolutely necessary to develop and establish the trace analysis techniques of measuring accurately the concentration of non-metallic impurity elements at levels below 0.1 mass ppm and metallic impurity elements at levels below 0.01 or 0.001 mass ppm.
The Relationship Between Meeting Patients' Information Needs and their Satisfaction with Hospital Care and General Health Status Outcomes (1996)

The results suggest that providers of care should ensure that they meet the information needs of patients with specific conditions because patients' perceptions of both quality of care and quality of life are associated with the clinicians' ability to transfer key information to their patients.
Memory for pain: a review (1990)

This paper reports a qualitative review of the literature on memory for pain. Most research has focused on the accuracy of memory for pain intensity. There is some evidence that recall is moderately accurate but this conclusion is tentative because of significant methodological problems. There is also some evidence that recall of acute pain is more accurate than recall of chronic pain and we make some suggestions as to why this difference might occur. We conclude that further research on memory for pain should be informed by reference to methodological practices developed in cognitive psychology and embedded within an appropriate theoretical framework.
Design of a network security policy model (1990)

The paper considers the development of multilevel network security policy models by drawing as many parallels as possible from computer security models. It first considers how access control and information flow security issues arise in the design of multilevel secure network systems. It discusses these issues using typical scenarios, then develops an outline of a simple abstract network security model which considers the access control and information flow security aspects in a multilevel network environment. A formal definition of such a model and the associated security requirements is given, then suitable conditions are derived for the system to meet the security requirements.