gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The S-Transform for Obtaining Localized Spectra (1989)

We used the recently developed S-transform, an extention to the ideas of the Gabor transform and wavelet transform, to analyze the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) sea level data set and to obtain the localized spectra, varying with time. Our S-spectra show some features that cannot be obtained from the Fourier transform, such as phase lock, temporal variability of spectra, and out-of-phase behavior of the semiannual, annual, and biannual signals between the western Pacific (Naura) station and the eastern Pacific (La Liberiad) station. The annual signal is usually phase-locked with the semiannual signal, but not with the biannual signal. The annual signal is quite stationary in the western Pacific station and non-stationary in the eastern Pacific station. During 1980-84, the quasi-biannual (QB) signal was very strong at the western Pacific station and quite weak at the eastern Pacific station. However, during 1974-76 and 1986-90, the QB signal was weak at the western Pacific station and strong at the eastern Pacific station. This may imply different physical processes involved in the western and eastern Pacific during the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) periods.
Symbol Synchronization Algorithm Based on Pseudo-superimposed Zadoff-Chu in Advanced-LTE (2009)

In LTE system, maximum likelihood algorithm based on cyclic prefix is used to accomplish the symbol and slot synchronization. Zadoff-Chu sequences finish frame synchronization and cell search. But in low signal-to-noise ratio AWGN channels and multi-path fading channels, the maximum likelihood peak values are not stable in the right place due to high noise effects, multi-path delays and Doppler effects respectively. In this paper a Pseudo-superimposed Zadoff-Chu sequence has been proposed. Zadoff-Chu sequence is inserted equip-spaced as reference signals in frequency domain, after IFFT reference signals have been transformed into several periodic sequences in time domain. These sequences have good auto-correlation as well as in frequency domain. In contrast to existing synchronization schemes, the proposed architecture has the advantage of better synchronization accuracy and higher data throughput since it doesn't need extra superimposed data in frequency domain or in time domain.
The Comparative Toxicity of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Conscious Rats (1999)

These results indicate that benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester are not as toxic as cocaine, norcocaine, or cocaethylene when administered intravenously to pharmacologically naive rats.
Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial genome sequence, structure, and gene content in <i>Silene vulgaris</i>, an angiosperm with pervasive cytoplasmic male sterility (2012)

In angiosperms, mitochondrial-encoded genes can cause cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), resulting in the coexistence of female and hermaphroditic individuals (gynodioecy). We compared four complete mitochondrial genomes from the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris and found unprecedented amounts of intraspecific diversity for plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Remarkably, only about half of overall sequence content is shared between any pair of genomes. The four mtDNAs range in size from 361 to 429 kb and differ in gene complement, with rpl5 and rps13 being intact in some genomes but absent or pseudogenized in others. The genomes exhibit essentially no conservation of synteny and are highly repetitive, with evidence of reciprocal recombination occurring even across short repeats (< 250 bp). Some mitochondrial genes exhibit atypically high degrees of nucleotide polymorphism, while others are invariant. The genomes also contain a variable number of small autonomously mapping chromosomes, which have only recently been identified in angiosperm mtDNA. Southern blot analysis of one of these chromosomes indicated a complex in vivo structure consisting of both monomeric circles and multimeric forms. We conclude that S. vulgaris harbors an unusually large degree of variation in mtDNA sequence and structure and discuss the extent to which this variation might be related to CMS.
Neue Bioreaktoren für aerobe Prozesse (1980)

Abstract New bioreactors for aerobic processes . After a brief survey of the necessity of developing new reactor types, the bestknown reactors are classified into three types according to the method of introducing energy. All these reactors consist of few constructional units, of which only the dispersion systems will be considered. In all the dispersion units, gas dispersion in the range of interest in practice is by a turbulent mechanism. Thus the dispersion units can be compared directly with one another. It is shown that the efficiency of the dispersion units depends upon the properties of the turbulence generated thereby.
Studies of Chemically Reacting Systems on Sephadex. II. Molecular Weights of Monomers in Rapid Association Equilibrium (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of Chemically Reacting Systems on Sephadex. II. Molecular Weights of Monomers in Rapid Association EquilibriumD. J. Winzor and H. A. ScheragaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68, 2, 338–343Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100784a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100784a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Manifold-Learning Based API Recommendation for Mashup Creation (2015)

With the wide adoption of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), the number of web accessible services and their compositions is increasing rapidly. Among huge number of services, how to recommend appropriate ones for automatic composition satisfying users' need is challenging. We investigate services and their compositions in Programmable Web which characterize services as APIs and their compositions as mashups. We study the problem of recommending suitable APIs satisfying users' need for mash up creation. To this end, we propose a manifold ranking framework for API recommendation. First, we categorize existing mashups into functionally similar clusters. Then we recommend APIs for each mash up cluster using manifold ranking algorithm which incorporate the relationships between mashups, between APIs and between mashups and APIs. Intuitively, we take three factors into consideration: (1) We recommend APIs that are in functionally similar mashups. (2) We recommend APIs that are popular in the mashups. (3) We recommend APIs that are similar to each other. Finally, we map a user's requirement for mash up creation to a mash up cluster and recommend APIs generated by the algorithm to user. Experiments based on real dataset crawled from Programmble Web demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of precision, recall, and NDCG.
Eine neue Synthese von Muscon und <i>Exalton</i>®. Die Enamin‐Route der Ringerweiterungsreaktion (1988)

A New Synthesis of Muscone and Exaltone ®. The Enamine Approach of Ring‐Enlargement Reaction Key reaction in the synthesis of the title compounds is the treatment of the aldehydes 6 and 7 (obtained from 1 ) with a primary amine, e.g. pentylamine, in EtOH at room temperature. After stirring overnight, the products 8 and 9 , respectively, are obtained in good yields. Both are enlargement by three ring members and can be transformed to Exalton ® ( 12 ) and (±)‐muscone, ( 13 ), respectively.
Real Time Optical Processing with Bi_12SiO_20 PROM (1972)

Use of the Itek PROM, a Pockels effect real time electrooptic image modulator, in optical processing systems is discussed. Applications include an incoherent-to-coherent converter for word/character recognition systems; on-line Vander Lugt type Fourier plane filters for real time cross correlation; a block data composer for holographic memories; and an active storage array for a parallel optical digital computer.
Analysis of Isoflavones in Soy Foods (2003)

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that consumption of soybean products may have a significant impact upon health. The biological activity has been associated, in part, with the presence of isoflavones in soy. Analysis of these bioactive compounds in soybean products is an essential part of any research involving soy isoflavones. Various processing conditions produce soy products with a wide range of isoflavone content and composition. Recent studies demonstrated that the chemical forms and abundance of isoflavones in soy foods have a significant impact on their bioavailability and biological effects. It is thus very important to avoid altering the natural forms and abundance of the twelve soy isoflavones during extraction, identification, and quantification. In this unit, an attempt has been made to provide reliable protocols with the most commonly used analytical techniques for this purpose.
[Reticulated platelet and its clinical significance]. (2002)

Reticulated platelets (RP) retain some residual mRNA in their cytoplasm and are thought to be the most recently produced platelets in circulation. They can be visualized on a blood film with new methylene blue staining. RP is a flow cytometric assay utilizing a fluorescent dye, either thiazole orange or auramine O. There is a difference in reference values for RP between thiazole orange and auramine O. From the analytic results of RP in patients with thrombocytopenic disorders, RP measurement is considered useful for estimating thrombopoiesis in bone marrow and for differential diagnosis and elucidating the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenic disorders. In the future, test for RP might have a possibility of routine examination because RP can be rapidly and simply measured using whole blood stained with auramine O using an automated reticulocyte counter modified to determine RP. Furthermore, it is anticipated that standardization and morphological definition for RP are established and accuracy for RP is improved.
On the design of raptor codes for binary-input gaussian channels (2009)

This paper studies the problem of Raptor-code design for binary-input AWGN (BIAWGN) channels using the mean-LLR-EXIT chart approach presented. We report that there exist situations where such a design approach may fail or fail to produce capacity-achieving codes, for certain ranges of channel SNR. Suggestions and discussions are provided pertaining to the design of Raptor codes for BIAWGN channels using the mean-LLR-EXIT chart.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): Matlab computation software (2019)

How to determine relative importance (e.g., weight) of nodes or links in a network is one of the focus in network biology. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used to determine weights of edges (i.e., links) and vertices (i.e., nodes) of a network, which is suitable for the hierarchical structure problems hard to be quantified. In present article, the Matlab computation software of AHP was presented for practical uses.
Activation of γ‐aminobutyric acid GAT‐1 transporters on glutamatergic terminals of mouse spinal cord mediates glutamate release through anion channels and by transporter reversal (2005)

The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the release of glutamate from mouse spinal cord nerve endings have been studied using superfused synaptosomes. GABA elicited a concentration-dependent release of [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-ASP; EC50= 3.76 microM). Neither muscimol nor (-)baclofen mimicked GABA, excluding receptor involvement. The GABA-evoked release was strictly Na+ dependent and was prevented by the GABA transporter inhibitor SKF89976A, suggesting involvement of GAT-1 transporters located on glutamatergic nerve terminals. GABA also potentiated the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate; an effect sensitive to SKF89976A and low-Na+-containing medium. Confocal microscopy shows that the GABA transporter GAT-1 is coexpressed with the vesicular glutamate transporter vGLUT-1 and with the plasma membrane glutamate transporter EAAT2 in a substantial portion of synaptosomal particles. The GABA effect was external Ca2+ independent and was not decreased when cytosolic Ca2+ ions were chelated by BAPTA. The glutamate transporter blocker DL-TBOA or dihydrokainate inhibited in part (approximately 35%) the GABA (10 microM)-evoked [3H]D-ASP release; this release was strongly reduced by the anion channel blockers niflumic acid and NPPB. GABA, up to 30 microM, was unable to augment significantly the basal release of [3H]glycine from spinal cord synaptosomes, indicating selectivity for glutamatergic transmission. It is concluded that GABA GAT-1 transporters and glutamate transporters coexist on the same spinal cord glutamatergic terminals. Activation of these GABA transporters elicits release of glutamate partially by reversal of glutamate transporters present on glutamatergic terminals and largely through anion channels.
Virtual unrolling and deciphering of Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast tomography (2016)

A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman 'Villa dei Papiri' at Herculaneum is the unique classical library survived from antiquity. These papyri were charred during 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption, a circumstance which providentially preserved them until now. This magnificent collection contains an impressive amount of treatises by Greek philosophers and, especially, Philodemus of Gadara, an Epicurean thinker of 1st century BC. We read many portions of text hidden inside carbonized Herculaneum papyri using enhanced X-ray phase-contrast tomography non-destructive technique and a new set of numerical algorithms for 'virtual-unrolling'. Our success lies in revealing the largest portion of Greek text ever detected so far inside unopened scrolls, with unprecedented spatial resolution and contrast, all without damaging these precious historical manuscripts. Parts of text have been decoded and the 'voice' of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus is brought back again after 2000 years from Herculaneum papyri.
A generic approach for multi-device user interface rendering with UIML (2008)

We present a rendering engine for displaying graphical user interfaces on multiple devices. The renderer interprets a standardized XML-based user interface description language: the User Interface Markup Language (UIML). A generic architecture for the renderer is defined so that deployment of the engine on different devices implies only little effort. We show that our rendering engine can be used on iDTV set-top boxes, mobile phones, PDAs and desktop PCs, and smoothly integrates with both local and remote application logic. As a test bed for the UIML specification we also explore support for extensions to UIML that enable the user interface designer to maximize accessibility and target multiple devices and different types of users at once.
Orthogonal parameter estimation algorithm for non-linear stochastic systems (1988)

An orthogonal parameter estimation algorithm is derived which allows each parameter in a linear–in–the–parameters non–linear difference equation model to be estimated sequentially and quite independently of the other parameters in the model. The algorithm can be applied for any persistently exciting input and provides both unbiased estimates in the presence of correlated noise and an indication of which terms to include in the model. Several simulated examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Cancer stem cell metabolism: target for cancer therapy (2018)

Increasing evidence suggests that cancer stem cell (CSC) theory represents an important mechanism underlying the observed failure of existing therapeutic modalities to fully eradicate cancers. In addition to their more established role in maintaining minimal residual disease after treatment and forming the new bulk of the tumor, CSCs might also critically contribute to tumor recurrence and metastasis. For this reason, specific elimination of CSCs may thus represent one of the most important treatment strategies. Emerging evidence has shown that CSCs have a different metabolic phenotype to that of differentiated bulk tumor cells, and these specific metabolic activities directly participate in the process of CSC transformation or support the biological processes that enable tumor progression. Exploring the role of CSC metabolism and the mechanism of the metabolic plasticity of CSCs has become a major focus in current cancer research. The targeting of CSC metabolism may provide new effective therapies to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the most significant discoveries regarding the metabolism of CSCs and highlight recent approaches in targeting CSC metabolism. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(7): 319-326].
리앙 문학에 나타난 정치 폭력 속 약소자의 모습과 저항 방식 ―『북항향로인인삽(北港香爐人人揷)』를 중심으로 (2017)

1980년대 독재 통치의 종식과 함께 개방의 시대로 들어선 타이완에서는 역사의 진실에 대한 폭로가 정치문학이라는 장르를 통해 주목받기 시작했다. 그 외1970년대부터 싹트기 시작했던 신여성주의 사조의 발전과 더불어 1990년대 리앙은 ‘젠더 문제와 정치사건’을 결합한 소설들을 발표했다. 그 대표작인 『北港香爐人人揷』(1997)에는 1947년에 일어난 2ㆍ28사건과 1979년 대검거 사건을 배경으로 정치 운동에서 불행을 겪은 다수의 여성들과 성적 소수자가 등장한다.
본 논문에서는 타이완 정치 운동에서 약소자들의 억압이 어디에서 비롯되었는지, 또 그들이 택한 저항의 방식은 어떠하였는지를 분석한다. 민주화 운동에서 남성을 대신한 여성들은 과감하게 자신들의 욕구를 표현하며, 자신의 신체에 대한 소유권을 되찾고 권리를 쟁취하고자 한다. 이러한 시도는 여성들이 민주화 운동의 폭력에 직접적으로 저항한 의미를 지닌다. 여성 외에 남성 동성애자 역시 독재 체제와 민주화 운동의 폭력으로부터 피해를 받은 약소자 그룹이다. 독재 체제의 피해와 민주화 운동이 적극적으로 벌어지는 사회에서 역시 폭력적이고 차별적인 시선을 받은 동성애자 남성은 메이크업이라는 행위를 통해 자기 자신을 인정하고 그 성적 정체성을 밝히려고 한다. 이처럼 리앙의 문학에서는 정치 운동 속에서 약소자들의 모습을 부각시켜 독재 체제를 비판하는 동시에 민주화 운동의 아이러니를 폭로한다.
First Isolation of a Yucaipa-Like Virus in Africa (1978)

This article describes the quantitative aspects of the isoselectivity distribution of isospecific centers in five supported titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems containing different internal and external organic donors. Highly crystalline poly(propylene) fractions of the polymers (insoluble in o-xylene at 95 °C) were analyzed by analytical Tref and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) methods. Separation of the Tref curves into the peaks of sterically uniform components (each represented by the Lorentz function) showed that all these isotactic poly(propylene) fractions are nonuniform materials. Each highly crystalline fraction contains several distinct components that differ in stereoregularity. The [mmmm] values for different components (which have approximately the same isotacticity in different polymers) range from as high as 0.986-0.993 to much lower values, in the 0.935-0.955 range. The number of Tref components and their relative contents are substantially different for the crystalline fractions of the polymers produced with different catalyst systems; these parameters depend on the nature of the internal and the external electron donors in the catalysts. GPC analysis of the crystalline poly(propylene) fractions showed that each consists of four or five Flory components (the components produced by kinetically uniform active centers) with widely different average molecular weights, from 1 × 104 to 1.3 × 106. In general, the probabilities of chain transfer reactions for different active centers decrease with the increase in their isospecificity.
Conversion of biomass materials into gaseous products. Phase II. Interim technical report for the bench scale pilot plant studies. [Multiple hearth reactor] (1978)

An investigation of the thermal conversion of manure into gaseous materials has been performed. A bench scale pilot plant simulating the individual hearths of a multiple hearth reactor was constructed and the processing steps of drying, pyrolysis, steam-char reaction, and combustion were individually studied. Some runs were made on all of the processing steps, but emphasis was given to the pyrolysis and drying operations. A process development unit (PDU) is now in operation. This report contains a summary and analysis of the data obtained from the bench scale pilot plant. (DMC)
Mutation signature of patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer who received endocrine therapy. (2018)

1057 Background: Approximately eighty percent of breast cancer patients are estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) positive. Although women initially respond well to endocrine therapies, resistance often emerges. In this study we try to analyze the mutations in ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC) who have received endocrine therapies. Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based gene panel test (NGS), we analyzed the mutation profiling in 194 patients (pts) with MBC who were treated by endocrine therapies. Results: Somatic genomic alterations in ctDNA including copy number variants and point mutations were identified in 179 of 194 patients (92.3%). ESR1 activating point mutations or amplifications were identified in 28.9% (56/194) patients, which has been described to be associated with resistance to tamoxifen and AI therapies in patients with ER+ MBC. The most described hotspot activating mutations Y537C/S/N and D538G were detected in 26 and 21 patients, and other described mutations E380Q (13 pts), S463P (2 pts), L536R/H (2 pts), ESR1 amplifications (2 pts) were also detected. Additionally, nine novel point mutations were identified in ESR1 (including A58T, T311M, P406A, F435L, R436H, H488N, Q580L, V560E, Y526C). Polyclonal ESR1 mutations were identified in 13 patients. Another mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy FGFR1 amplification was identified in 10 patients and one co-occurring with ESR1 mutation. For other genes associated with target therapies, PIK3CA mutations or PTEN deficiency were more common detected in patients with ESR1 mutation than ESR1 WT (50.0% vs 35.5%, p= 0.01). CDKN2A deficiency/CCND1 amplification were detected in 4 (7.1%) and 15 (10.9%) patients with or without ESR1 mutation. In addition, HER2 amplifications were less common detected in patients with ESR1 mutation than ESR1 WT (3.6% vs 14.5%, p= 0.03). Conclusions: In ER+ MBC patients with endocrine therapies, ESR1 and FGFR1 activating variants were common resistance to endocrine therapies and other targetable variants were also detected. Thus, These patients may benefit from combined treatment, such as endocrine therapies combined with mTOR inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors when other pathways activating together.