gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of Nanometer-Scale Domains in Ni(110)-(2×1) O Surface (2009)

We have succeeded in detecting Raman scattered light from a monolayer-oxygen-covered domain with a nanometer-scale lateral extent in the Ni(110)-(2×1) O surface by tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) spectroscopy. A mosaic of light and dark nanometer-size domains is observed in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) image of the surface. In the TERS spectra taken when the STM tip was fixed over the dark domain, a peak that exceeded the uncertainty of the background signal level was observed at 30 meV. This peak disappeared when the tip was moved over the light domain adjacent to the dark domain. Since the Raman shift energy agrees well with one of the vibrational energies of oxygen reported for the Ni(110)-(2×1) O surface, we conclude that only the dark domain is covered with oxygen atoms.
Imputation of missing values in DNA microarray gene expression data (2004)

Most multivariate statistical methods for gene expression data require a complete matrix of gene array values. In this paper, an imputation method based on least squares formulation is proposed to estimate missing values. It exploits local similarity structures in the data as well as least squares optimization process. The proposed local least squares imputation method (LLSimpute) represents a target gene that has missing values as a linear combination of similar genes. This algorithm showed better performance than the other imputation methods such as k-nearest neighbor imputation and an imputation method based on Bayesian principal component analysis.
Extending Origami technique to fold forming of sheet metal products (2012)

This dissertation presents a scientific based approach for the analysis of folded sheet metal products. Such analysis initializes the examination in terms of topological exploration using set of graph modeling and traversal algorithms. The geometrical validity and optimization are followed by utilizing boundary representation and overlapping detection during a geometrical analysis stage, in this phase the optimization metrics are established to evaluate the unfolded sheet metal design in terms of its manufacturability and cost parameters, such as nesting efficiency, total welding cost, bend lines orientation, and maximum part extent, which aides in handling purposes. The proposed approach evaluates the design in terms of the stressed-based behavior to indicate initial stress performance by utilizing a structural matrix analysis while developing modification factors for the stiffness matrix to cope with the stress-based differences of the diverse flat pattern designs. The outcome from the stressed-based ranking study is mainly the axial stresses as exerted on each element of folded geometry; this knowledge leads to initial optimizing the flat pattern in terms of its stress-based behavior. Furthermore, the sheet folding can also find application in composites manufacturing. Thus, this dissertation optimizes fiber orientation based on the elasticity theory principles, and the best fiber alignment for a flat pattern is determined under certain stresses along with the peel shear on adhesively bonded edges. This study also explores the implementation of the fold forming process within the automotive production lines. This is done using a tool that adopts Quality Function Deployment (QFD) principle and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to structure the reasoning logic for design decisions. Moreover, the proposed tool accumulates all the knowledge for specific production line and parts design inside an interactive knowledge base. Thus, the system is knowledge-based oriented and exhibits the ability to address design problems as changes occur to the product or the manufacturing process options. Additionally, this technique offers two knowledge bases; the first holds the production requirements and their correlations to essential process attributes, while the second contains available manufacturing processes options and their characteristics to satisfy the needs to fabricate Body in White (BiW) panels. Lastly, the dissertation showcases the developed tools and mathematics using several case studies to verify the developed system's functionality and merits. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the developed methodology in designing sheet metal products via folding.
Architecture of a Mediation System for Mobile Payment (2014)

Nowadays, the mobile phone has become an indispensable part of our daily. Exceeding the role of a communication apparatus, and benefitting from the evolution of technology, it could be used for several uses other than telephony, energy of photography, the geolocation, until the control of the health condition and the quality of the air, by measuring the cardiac pulsations, the temperature and the ambient content water. In this context, financial institutions wishing to take advantage of this wave of technological change and taking advantage of the telecom infrastructure robust and secure existing began to innovate to offer a new range of payment services based on mobile phone. Thus, in this article we present a proposal for an implementation of a mediation system of payment per mobile based on the technology of the Webservices.
Implicit Block ACK Scheme for IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2016)

The throughput of IEEE 802.11 standard is significantly bounded by the associated Medium Access Control (MAC) overhead. Because of the overhead, an upper limit exists for throughput, which is bounded, including situations where data rates are extremely high. Therefore, an overhead reduction is necessary to achieve higher throughput. The IEEE 802.11e amendment introduced the block ACK mechanism, to reduce the number of control messages in MAC. Although the block ACK scheme greatly reduces overhead, further improvements are possible. In this letter, we propose an implicit block ACK method that further reduces the overhead associated with IEEE 802.11e’s block ACK scheme. The mathematical analysis results are presented for both the original protocol and the proposed scheme. A performance improvement of greater than 10% was achieved with the proposed implementation.
Functionality of Six Nonmeat Proteins in Meat Emulsion Systems (1987)

ABSTRACT The emulsion stabilizing and textural effects of six nonmeat proteins, identified by brand name and manufacturers were investigated. Included were: Soy protein isolate (SPI), soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy flour (SF), milk protein hydrolysate (MPH), autolyzed yeast (AY), and spray dried nonfat dry milk (NFDM). SPI and NFDM were most effective, while SF and AY were least effective in emulsion stabilization. Bind value constants (Saffle system) were developed for each nonmeat protein. Mean compression values for all the nonmeat proteins except SPI decreased with increasing levels of the additives. The functional values derived in this study are specific for these nonmeat proteins and may not be applicable to other nonmeat proteins of a similar nature.
Tools for Rules: Technology Transfer and Electronic Rulemaking (2008)

Large-scale, email public comment campaigns in the United States necessitate the creation of new, specially tailored power tools for language. We call these applications "tools for rules". This paper introduces the rule writers' workbench, a system developed specifically for dealing with the influx of public comments. We describe the context in which these tools were developed and report on our first round of usability testing. Our major finding is that a particular tool ('DURIAN' or duplicate removal In large collection) performs a critical function in the era of burgeoning email campaigns. We provide a glimpse into the real world testbed provided by over 540,000 emails submitted to the Fish & Wildlife Service on the proposed listing of the polar bear as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. Finally, we conclude with observations about the likely political considerations as tools like DURIAN become more commonplace on the desktop of regulatory rule writers.
New algorithm for calculation of azeotropes from equations of state (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew algorithm for calculation of azeotropes from equations of stateShao Hwa Wang and Wallace B. WhitingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 2, 547–551Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200033a035https://doi.org/10.1021/i200033a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views665Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
NEWER APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF HEMOPHILIA AND HEMOPHILIOID STATES (1954)

Recent studies have shown that hemophilia, even if severe and classical in type, may be easily confused with other hemorrhagic states. Severe hemorrhagic manifestations, including repeated hemarthroses, a family history suggesting a sex-linked recessive inheritance, and laboratory findings, such as a long clotting time, normal prothrombin time, and delayed prothrombin utilization, may all be present; yet the disease may not be true hemophilia. On the other hand, it has been shown that hemophilia may be so mild that the diagnostic procedures in common use are inadequate for diagnosis. In the last fewyears many cases of hemophilia-like disease, different from either the severe or mild forms of hemophilia, have been described. As in hemophilia, there is a bleeding tendency from childhood, and often there are other bleeders in the family. The clotting defects shown by these patients are of several different types. They resemble hemophilia in that there is ineffectual conversion
Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Fibrogenesis – A Homage to the Role of Activated Fat-Storing Cells (1995)

During the last few years, considerable progress has been made in the dissection of cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. The disease, initiated by hepatocellular damage and perpetuated by inflammatory reactions, results not only in an overall increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) but also in molecular and histological rearrangement of virtually all matrix molecules including collagens, structural glycoproteins, proteoglycans and hyaluronan. These alterations of ECM cause severe clinical (e.g. hemodynamic) complications and further metabolic changes in the whole organ. Perisinusoidal fat (retinoid)-storing cells have been identified as the (precursor) cell type mainly responsible for matrix production in the diseased liver. However, these cells have to be activated, i.e. stimulated to proliferate, to transform phenotypically to myofibroblasts and to express matrix genes before full competency for fibrogenesis is reached. Multiple cell interactions with Kupffer cells, platelets, endothelial cells and hepatocytes mediated by various cytokines and growth factors (e.g. TGF-beta 1, TGF-alpha, PDGF, FGF, IGF-1) are involved in the mechanism of fat-storing cell activation which is the common and central pathogenetic mechanism in fibrogenesis. A three-step cascade model of fat-storing cell activation is proposed, which offers target mechanisms for possible anti-fibrotic interventions.
MECHANOCHEMICAL EFFECTS ON FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS COPPER PHOSPHATES (2005)

The mixtures of NH4H2PO4 and CuCO3ECu(OH)2EH2O in the molar ratio P/Cu = 2/3, 1/1, and 2/1 were milled with planetary mill for several minutes. Copper oxide, CuO, was used in the same manner as basic copper carbonate. Then thermal behavior of these mixtures was analyzed by differential thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal products were estimated by ultraviolet -visible reflectance spectra, particle size distribution, and the amount of adsorbed nitrogen gas.
Monolithic receivers with integrated temperature compensation function (2002)

Two highly integrated monolithic receivers were developed for X-band and S/C-band applications. Each receiver chip has integrated five single-function microcells: RF amplifier, mixer, LO driver, IF amplifier, and a novel temperature compensation/variable attenuator. The X-band receiver chip downconverts an input 6 to 10 GHz to an output 4.0 to 6.0 GHz and has exhibited a conversion gain greater than 15 dB, SSB noise figure less than 12 dB, and output IP/sub 3/ greater than 20 dBm. The S/C-band receiver chip downconverts an input 4 to 6 GHz to an output 0.5 to 1.5 GHz and has exhibited a conversion gain greater than 8.0 dB, SSB noise figure less than 7.5 dB, and output IP/sub 3/ greater than 14 dBm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anticancer compounds from plants (2012)

Cancer is a leading cause of death all over the world and represents a major public health burden. Natural plant products have been historically used for the treatment of various diseases. The earnest search for plant-derived anticancer agents began in the 1950s with the discovery and development of the vinca alkaloids–vinblastine and vincristine, and with the isolation of the cytotoxic podophyllotoxins (Cragg and Newman, 2005). A good number of the current– day commercially approved anticancer drugs as well as the natural product-derived compounds in various stages of clinical development as anticancer agents originate from plants. Natural products still serve as an excellent source for the discovery and development of modern drugs for cancer treatment. The present work reviews the most recent information in the field of natural anticancer substances, and in this regard we have summarized the key information published in 2012 on plant derived anticancer compounds (Table 1).
Laser-Assisted Intradermal Delivery of Adjuvant-Free Vaccines Targeting XCR1+ Dendritic Cells Induces Potent Antitumoral Responses (2015)

The development of vaccines inducing efficient CD8(+) T cell responses is the focus of intense research. Dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the XCR1 chemokine receptor, also known as CD103(+) or CD8α(+) DCs, excel in the presentation of extracellular Ags to CD8(+) T cells. Because of its high numbers of DCs, including XCR1(+) DCs, the skin dermis is an attractive site for vaccine administration. By creating laser-generated micropores through the epidermis, we targeted a model protein Ag fused to XCL1, the ligand of XCR1, to dermal XCR1(+) DCs and induced Ag-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses. Efficient immunization required the emigration of XCR1(+) dermal DCs to draining lymph nodes and occurred irrespective of TLR signaling. Moreover, a single intradermal immunization protected mice against melanoma tumor growth in prophylactic and therapeutic settings, in the absence of exogenous adjuvant. The mild inflammatory milieu created in the dermis by skin laser microporation itself most likely favored the development of potent T cell responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. The existence of functionally equivalent XCR1(+) dermal DCs in humans should permit the translation of laser-assisted intradermal delivery of a tumor-specific vaccine targeting XCR1(+) DCs to human cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, considering that the use of adjuvants in vaccines is often associated with safety issues, the possibility of inducing protective responses against melanoma tumor growth independently of the administration of exogenous adjuvants should facilitate the development of safer vaccines.
Modeling workflows with a process-view approach (2001)

Diverse requirements of the participants involved in a business process bring forth the need for a flexible process model that is capable of providing appropriate process information for the various participants. However, the current activity-based approach is inadequate for providing the different participants with varied process information. This paper describes a novel process-view model for workflow management. A process view is an abstracted process derived from a base process to provide abstracted process information. The underlying concepts and a formal model of a process view are presented. Moreover, a novel ordering-preserved approach is proposed to derive a process view from a base process. The proposed approach enhances the flexibility and functionality of conventional activity-based workflow management systems.
<i>50th Anniversary Perspective</i>: Polymers and Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas and Vapor Separation: A Review and Prospective Opportunities (2017)

Membrane gas separation is a mature and expanding technology. However, the availability of better membrane materials would promote faster growth. In this Perspective we analyze the state of the art of membrane materials, including polymers and hybrid materials, as well as the current issues and barriers, and finally, we outline future research directions in membrane science. Development of new membrane materials for large scale separations will rely on a multidisciplinary approach that embraces the broad fields of chemical and materials engineering, polymer science, and materials chemistry.
Bacterial vaginosis: a critical analysis of current knowledge (2016)

Improved diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is needed to accurately determine its role in pathology.
A methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer. (1996)

We examined the relationship of a common polymorphism (667C-->T) of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with the risk of colorectal cancer in a case-control study conducted in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. MTHFR genotypes were ascertained from blood samples among 144 men previously diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 627 controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the MTHFR variant homozygous (val/val) genotype was 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30-1.06]. High dietary intake of methionine (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.06-1.20) and low consumption of alcohol (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01-0.85) were associated with reduced incidence of colorectal cancer. Alcohol intake was a stronger risk factor among men with the val/val genotype (P, trend = 0.01), and consumption of five or more alcoholic drinks per week abolished the reduced risk of colorectal cancer among val/val individuals (P, interaction = 0.02). The inverse association of methionine with colorectal cancer risk was slightly stronger among individuals with the MTHFR val/val genotype. These data suggest that dietary methyl supply is particularly critical among MTHFR val/val individuals. When dietary methyl supply is high, MTHFR val/val individuals may be at reduced risk of colorectal cancer probably because higher levels of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate may prevent imbalances of nucleotide pools during DNA synthesis. In contrast, when 5-methyltetrahydrofolate is depleted by alcohol consumption, val/val individuals may be less able to compensate, leading to potentially oncogenic alterations in DNA methylation.
Metal Anodes (2000)

Abstract Industrial metal anodes can be classified into two groups: the anodes which facilitate a desired reaction, and those from which the product itself is evolved. Anodes can consist of one metal only or be of a conductive structure and carry a catalytic coating. Most technological and commercial advances have occurred in the field of coated metal anodes. Coated metal anodes have replaced the graphite anode in chlorine and sodium chlorate manufacture. Newer applications include cathodic protection systems, high speed electrogalvanizing, and copper foil production. Use of coated metal anodes has led to elimination of some environmental concerns in these industries. The specific morphology of metallic anode coatings and the condition of the substrate surface have great influence on successful performance. Operating performance is an optimization of anode life and operating voltage. This optimization influences anode structure design and takes into account anode resistance, configuration, and adaptability for recoating.
Recent Advances in the Detection of Prostate Cancer Using Epigenetic Markers in Commonly Collected Laboratory Samples (2009)

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The slower progression of prostate cancer compared with other types of cancers makes it particularly amenable to early diagnosis with significantly better outcomes. Currently, screening with a digital rectal exam and the detection of an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) constitutes the standard of care. However, PSA testing can inappropriately miss some patients with cancer and falsely identify healthy patients to be at an increased risk of prostate cancer, leading to unnecessary biopsies. This has led to the search for alternative and/or adjunct biomarkers of prostate cancer. This article discusses how the detection of epigenetic biomarkers, specifically hypermethylation of specific DNA regions (CpG islands), is being used experimentally for the first time for the early detection of prostate cancer in commonly used laboratory specimens including plasma, serum, and urine to improve PCa diagnostics.
Self-antigen presentation by mouse B cells results in regulatory T-cell induction rather than anergy or clonal deletion (2011)

Multiple mechanisms operate to ensure T-cell tolerance toward self-antigens. Three main processes have been described: clonal deletion, anergy, and deviation to CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that suppress autoreactive T cells that have escaped the first 2 mechanisms. Although it is accepted that dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells contribute in maintaining T-cell tolerance to self-antigens, their relative contribution and the processes involved under physiologic conditions remain only partially characterized. In this study, we used different transgenic mouse models to obtain chimeras where a neo self-antigen is expressed by thymic epithelium and/or by DCs or B cells. We found that expression of cognate ligand in the thymus enhances antigen-specific FoxP3(+) cells independently of whether the self-antigen is expressed on thymic epithelium or only on DCs, but not on B cells. On the contrary, self-antigen expression by B cells was very efficient in inducing FoxP3(+) cells in the periphery, whereas self-antigen expression by DC led mainly to deletion and anergy of antigen-specific FoxP3(-) cells. The results presented in this study underline the role of B cells in Treg induction and may have important implications in clinical protocols aimed at the peripheral expansion of Tregs in patients.