gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Half-ring geometry quantum well GaAlAs lasers (1990)

Half-ring geometry single quantum well GaAlAs lasers have been fabricated. These lasers rely on a single cleave to obtain both resonator end reflectors. Using a buried-heterostructure waveguide for lateral confinement and a high reflectivity facet coating, threshold currents as low as 14.5 mA and a frequency response extending to 6.5 GHz have been achieved.
SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF INTERPENETRATING SULFONIC ACID RESINS WITH HIGH CAPACITY (1989)

Two series of interpenetrating sulfonic acid resins (ISAR), 10×n and n×10, were prepared by means of the wet method, and the physicochemical, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the ISAR were measured. The results show: 10×n resins exhibit better properties than n×10 ones, mainly in higher apparent degree of crosslinking and larger conformational entropy effect, among which, 10×1 resin exhibits the best thermodynamic and kinetic properties. In the DTA graphs of n×10 resins, there are two T_g and two T_(ox), but in those of 10×n, only one T_g and one T_(ox). This result well supports the conclusion that 10×n resins have much better interpenetrating structural aspects.
The detection of cell-bound antibody on complement-coated human red cells (1970)

This study sought to elucidate the mechanism by which human red cells, in a variety of clinical settings, become coated in vivo with autologous complement components in the absence of anti-red cell autoantibodies demonstrable by standard methods. By means of a newly developed complement-fixing antibody consumption test, previously undetectable red cell-bound gammaG globulin could be detected and quantified. By this technique, the complement-coated red cells of 13 of 16 patients were shown to carry abnormally high numbers of gammaG molecules per cell, which were nevertheless below the level for detection by the direct antiglobulin test. Eluates were made from the red cells of seven of these patients and each eluate, when sufficiently concentrated, was capable of sensitizing normal human red cells (with gammaG antibodies) to give a positive indirect antiglobulin test with anti-gammaG serum. In the presence of fresh normal serum, six of the eluates so tested were capable of fixing complement to normal human red cells. The antibodies in the red cell eluates did not exhibit Rh specificity and did not react with nonprimate red cells. When studied by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, the gammaG antibodies to human red cells in these eluates sedimented in the 7S region. It is concluded that in many patients in whom direct antiglobulin tests reveal only cell-bound complement, the complement fixation is mediated in vivo by small quantities of "warm-reacting" erythrocyte autoantibodies of the gammaG class.
A two's complement cellular array multiplier (1981)

A cellular array for the multiplication of signed binary numbers is presented. The implementation is based on the direct addition of the partial products. The addition of the negative partial products is performed with a new method which yields a fully cellular array. Furthermore, the proposed array multiplier has an iterative cell interconnection pattern and it is well suited for large-scale integration.
Novel Endocrine Therapies in Breast Cancer (1996)

Endocrine therapy of breast cancer consists of a variety of both medical and surgical ablative treatment modalities, but ablative therapy is increasingly replaced by medical treatment. Most endocrine therapies have more than one endocrine effect, frequently together with direct growth inhibitory actions via receptors. Endocrine therapy can be effective in all phases of the disease, but curative only in early disease while in advanced cancer it can only prolong survival. In the past decade the number of available endocrine agents has been drastically increased. Novel approaches in the endocrine therapy of breast cancer are application of new antiestrogens, antiprogestins, new potent aromatase inhibitors, analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A) and somatostatin, inhibitors of prolactin secretion, vitamin A and D analogues, bisphosphonates, growth factor antagonists, tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, inhibitors of angiogenesis, radiolabeled hormones and monoclonal antibodies. New cell biological factors such as oncogenes and suppressorgenes, secretory proteins and membrane receptors can be used not only as prognostic factors but also for prediction of type of response to endocrine and chemotherapy. Thus, these cell biological parameters can be used to select high and low risk patients, type of systemic treatment, and can also be used as targets for new treatment modalities. Future studies on treatment of all stages of disease will increasingly focus on promising combined treatment modalities.
Too much TV is bad: Dense reconstruction from sparse laser with non-convex regularisation (2015)

In this paper we address the problem of dense depth map estimation from sparse noisy range data to reconstruct large heterogeneous outdoor scenes. We propose a surface inpainting solution through energy minimisation with an adaptive selection of surface regularisers among a set of well known convex and non-convex regularisers. In fact, the selection of norm is pivotal with respect to the intrinsic surface characteristics. Our goal is to show how dense interpolation of sparse range data can be leveraged of more exotic and non-convex regularisers such as the log and logTGV [1] which can better capture the scene geometry. In contrast to state of the art solutions, we do not restrict ourselves to this set of norms, instead we search for the most apt norm for each semantically segmented part of the scene. Our energy model selection use Bayesian optimisation to learn the best choice of free parameters. This results in an adaptive model selection and the generalisation of well studied regularisation norms. We conclude with a detailed experimental analysis of our approach using a basis of four norms over a set of challenging outdoor scenes.
Genetic Differentiation of Rare and Common Varieties of Eriogonum Shockleyi (Polygonaceae) in Idaho Using ISSR Variability (2002)

Idaho populations of Eriogonum shockleyi are divided taxonomically into 2 varieties: E. shockleyi var. packardae, which is endemic to Idaho, and the typical variety, which is widespread in the western United States. Recent morphological investigations of E. shockleyi in Idaho have identified potentially reliable morphological characters for field identification of the subspecific taxa. This paper investigates the genetic basis for the separation of the 2 varieties of E. shockleyi using inter simple-sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Although we found some morphological differences between the populations that correlated with the 2 varieties, we identified no molecular markers in this study to distin- guish between them. Morphological measurements obtained in the field indicate that although a population may have an overall average morphology that defines the variety, some individuals in nearly all populations have putative diagnos- tic characters that define the other variety. The morphological characters used to distinguish the 2 varieties are most likely the result of environmental variability and could result from differences in precipitation and soil water retention. Alternatively, high levels of outcrossing through pollen flow could be obscuring selection for morphological characters at particular sites.
Taking the Bite Out of Dental Readiness: Assessing Readiness in the National Guard and the Reserves (2009)

Abstract : The activation and deployment of the National Guard and Reserves have increased since September 11, 2001. There is an emphasis on keeping those units manned, equipped, trained, and ready for future deployments and cases of national contingencies. Medical readiness plays a critical role in service members being able to accomplish their mission. Dental readiness is one essential part of medical readiness, and therefore is of national importance. The Army and Marine Corps are not meeting dental readiness goals for their reserve components. There is a description for each Services ready rotations and mobilization of their Reserve and National Guard forces. This paper examines the dental readiness of Reserve and National Guard units, discusses some issues related to service members seeking dental care, and explores the role of those issues in military readiness. Moreover, the paper describes programs available to the Services and proposes solutions to mitigate poor dental readiness in order to meet these challenges of in the National Guard and Reserve forces. Each Service needs to use the resources identified in this paper to improve dental readiness.
Dalton communications. Functionalizable 5,5,10,10,15,15,20,20-octaethylporphyrinogen complexes of early transition metals: synthesis and crystal structure of titanium-, vanadium- and chromium-(III) derivatives and a two-electron oxidation of the porphyrinogen skeleton (1994)

Titanium-, vanadium- and chromium-(III) complexes of 5,5,10,10,15,15,20,20-octaethylporphyrinogen (L) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. They show bifunctional binding of LiCl. A hemiporphyrin–hemiporphyrinogen chromium(III) derivative, which forms via a two-electron oxidation of L under slightly different reaction conditions, has also been isolated and the crystal structure determined.
<title>Photoconductive activated light valve for high-definition projection system</title> (1992)

A novel SLM based on a two dimensional array of Kerr cell shutters, the electrodes of which have been deposited on PLZT, has been proposed and initial measurements on such devices have been made. The cell or pixel density is 1000 per inch by 500 per inch and operating voltage for 30 light transmission is less than 50 volts. Extension of 1250 X 1250 per inch is the next step. The Kerr cells may be either photo-activated or may be electronically addressed. Pixel to pixel contrast ratios in excess of 750 to 1 have been measured, which implies that the device could have applications as an optical computer element.
Oxygenated hemoglobin diffuse reflectance ratio for in vivo detection of oral pre-cancer (2008)

Diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy is a simple, low-cost, and noninvasive modality with potential for distinguishing oral precancer. Recently, in an ex vivo study, the DR spectral ratio (R545/R575) of oxygenated hemoglobin bands at 545 and 575 nm was used for grading malignancy. This work presents the results of clinical trials conducted in 29 patients to detect oral precancer using this ratio. We use site-specific normal spectra from a group of 36 healthy volunteers for comparison with those of patients. Toward this, in vivo DR spectra from 14 anatomical sites of the oral cavity of healthy volunteers are recorded on a miniature fiber optic spectrometer with white light excitation. The R545/R575 ratio is lowest for healthy tissues and appears to increase with the grade of malignancy. As compared to scatter plots that use the mean DR ratio from all anatomical sites, those using site-specific data show improved sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis and grading of oral cancer. In the case of buccal mucosa, using scatter plots of R545/R575 ratio, we obtain a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86% for discriminating precancer (dysplasia) from hyperplasia, and a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 86% for discriminating hyperplasia from normal.
Variação somaclonal em mudas micropropagadas de helicônia, Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw I (HELICONIACEAE) (2007)

Nesse trabalho estudou-se a ocorrência de variação somaclonal em mudas micropropagadas de Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw I.
Rare Disease Detection by Sequence Modeling with Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

Rare diseases affecting 350 million individuals are commonly associated with delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis. To improve those patients' outcome, rare disease detection is an important task for identifying patients with rare conditions based on longitudinal medical claims. In this paper, we present a deep learning method for detecting patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) (a rare disease). The contribution includes 1) a large longitudinal study using 7 years medical claims from 1.8 million patients including 29,149 EPI patients, 2) a new deep learning model using generative adversarial networks (GANs) to boost rare disease class, and also leveraging recurrent neural networks to model patient sequence data, 3) an accurate prediction with 0.56 PR-AUC which outperformed benchmark models in terms of precision and recall.
A neural theory of attentive visual search: Interactions of boundary, surface, spatial, and object representations. (1994)

Visual search data are given a unified quantitative explanation by a model of how spatial maps in the parietal cortex and object recognition categories in the inferotemporal cortex deploy attentional resources as they reciprocally interact with visual representations in the prestriate cortex. The model visual representations are organized into multiple boundary and surface representations. Visual search in the model is initiated by organizing multiple items that lie within a given boundary or surface representation into a candidate search grouping. These items are compared with object recognition categories to test for matches or mismatches. Mismatches can trigger deeper searches and recursive selection of new groupings until a target object is identified. The model provides an alternative to Feature Integration and Guided Search models.
Control of Pollen Tube Tip Growth by a Rop GTPase-Dependent Pathway That Leads to Tip-Localized Calcium Influx (1999)

Hai Li, Yakang Lin, Rachel M. Heath, Michael X. Zhu, Zhenbiao Yang, Control of Pollen Tube Tip Growth by a Rop GTPase-Dependent Pathway That Leads to Tip-Localized Calcium Influx, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 9 (Sep., 1999), pp. 1731-1742
Identification and expression of antigens from <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> for use in vaccination trials (1996)

The species hpeophtheirus salmonis is an ectoparasitic louse which specifically parastises salmonids. With the introduction of marine farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), L salmonis has become an important pathogen which occurs in large numbers and causes significant losses for the fish farming industry. The copepod feeds on the mucus, blood and skin of its hosts [ 1.21 causing irritation and lesions. Loss in production occurs directly from fish mortalities due to osmotic stress, and indirectly from probable reductions in growth, secondary infections such as vibriosis [3] or from increased vulnerability to ultraviolet radiation damage [4]. The current treatment for infestations is the administration of organophosphate insecticides which have limited efficacy against the parasites [3] while being toxic to the fish [5,6] and to the flora and fauna which surround the sea cages [7]. It is also now apparent that this parasite species is becoming resistant to the organophosphate insecticides [8]. We are currently engaged in developing a vaccine against the parasite species L salmiiis which will disrupt its life-cycle and so reduce the parasite burden on farmed fish. In this study, we report on the identification and expression of hidden antigens from L. salmonis for use in vaccination trials. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against L. salmonis using a modification of the proceedure described by [9]. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on adult female L salmonis using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase techniques described by [lo]. Monoclonal antibodies where selected on the basis of immunohistochemical staining of the gut and reproductive organs of L salmonis. Monoclonal antibodies were subsequently used to screen L salmonis genomic DNA libraries constructed in kgtll using the method of [l 11. L. salmonis genomic DNA inserts from isolated lambda clones were sub-cloned into the bacterial expression vector pMAL-c2 (New England Biolabs). Cloning and expression were carried out as per manufacturer's instructions. ..
Photooxygenation of Azidoalkyl Furans: Catalyst-Free Triazole and New Endoperoxide Rearrangement (2013)

Photooxygenation of azidoalkyl furans has revealed both a novel triazole formation method and a unique endoperoxide rearrangement. The key step of this method is a 3 + 2 cycloaddion of the azide to the endoperoxide intermediate. The reduction of the peroxide bond and two subsequent C-C bond cleavages provide a triazole having a newly formed carboxylic acid functionality. The reactions are clean and efficient with yields ranging from 60% to 90%.
Myostatin inhibits cell proliferation and protein synthesis in C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> muscle cells (2001)

Myostatin mutations in mice and cattle are associated with increased muscularity, suggesting that myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. To test the hypothesis that myostatin inhibits muscle cell growth, we examined the effects of recombinant myostatin in mouse skeletal muscle C 2 C 12 cells. After verification of the expression of cDNA constructs in a cell-free system and in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, the human recombinant protein was expressed as the full-length (375-amino acid) myostatin in Drosophila cells (Mst375D), or the 110-amino acid carboxy-terminal protein in Escherichia coli(Mst110EC). These proteins were identified by immunoblotting and were purified. Both Mst375D and Mst110EC dose dependently inhibited cell proliferation (cell count and Formazan assay), DNA synthesis ([ 3 H]thymidine incorporation), and protein synthesis ([1- 14 C]leucine incorporation) in C 2 C 12 cells. The inhibitory effects of both proteins were greater in myotubes than in myoblasts. Neither protein had any significant effects on protein degradation or apoptosis. In conclusion, recombinant myostatin proteins inhibit cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and protein synthesis in C 2 C 12 muscle cells, suggesting that myostatin may control muscle mass by inhibiting muscle growth or regeneration.
The Application of an Indenter System to Measure Structural Properties of Articular Cartilage in the Horse. Suitability of the Instrument and Correlation with Biochemical Data (2001)

A recently developed indenter system that aims at determination of local structural properties of the cartilage surface was evaluated for suitability in the horse. To this aim, maximum indenter force was measured of the articular surface and related to biochemical characteristics of the cartilage at different sites of the distal metacarpal bone (MC). Significant topographical variation exists in structural properties of the articular surface of the MC. The dorsal margin showed a significantly lower maximum indenter force than more centrally located areas, indicating an increased compliance under load. A high maximum indenter force correlated positively with high glycosaminoglycan levels. No correlation was found between measured indenter force and collagen content of the cartilage. It was concluded that the instrument is able to quantify differences in structural properties of the cartilage surface which reflect glycosaminoglycan content and hence is capable of giving some indication of cartilage quality. The instrument is a potentially useful tool, but use is limited due to geometrical constraints.
Global untargeted serum metabolomic analyses nominate metabolic pathways responsive to loss of expression of the orphan metallo β-lactamase, MBLAC1 (2018)

The C. elegans gene swip-10 encodes an orphan metallo β-lactamase that genetic studies indicate is vital for limiting neuronal excitability and viability. Sequence analysis indicates that the mammalian gene Mblac1 is the likely ortholog of swip-10, with greatest sequence identity localized to the encoded protein's single metallo β-lactamase domain. The substrate for the SWIP-10 protein remains unknown and to date no functional roles have been ascribed to MBLAC1, though we have shown that the protein binds the neuroprotective β-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone. To gain insight into the functional role of MBLAC1 in vivo, we used CRISPR/Cas9 methods to disrupt N-terminal coding sequences of the mouse Mblac1 gene, resulting in a complete loss of protein expression in viable, homozygous knockout (KO) animals. Using serum from both WT and KO mice, we performed global, untargeted metabolomic analyses, resolving small molecules via hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Unsupervised principal component analysis reliably segregated the metabolomes of MBLAC1 KO and WT mice, with 92 features subsequently nominated as significantly different by ANOVA, and for which we made tentative and putative metabolite assignments. Bioinformatic analyses of these molecules nominate validated pathways subserving bile acid biosynthesis and linoleate metabolism, networks known to be responsive to metabolic and oxidative stress. Our findings lead to hypotheses that can guide future targeted studies seeking to identify the substrate for MBLAC1 and how substrate hydrolysis supports the neuroprotective actions of ceftriaxone.
Three-Level Processing of Multiple Aggregate Continuous Queries (2012)

Aggregate Continuous Queries (ACQs) are both a very popular class of Continuous Queries (CQs) and also have a potentially high execution cost. As such, optimizing the processing of ACQs is imperative for Data Stream Management Systems (DSMSs) to reach their full potential in supporting (critical) monitoring applications. For multiple ACQs that vary in window specifications and pre-aggregation filters, existing multiple ACQs optimization schemes assume a processing model where each ACQ is computed as a final-aggregation of a sub-aggregation. In this paper, we propose a novel processing model for ACQs, called Tri Ops, with the goal of minimizing the repetition of operator execution at the sub-aggregation level. We also propose Tri Weave, a Tri Ops-aware multi-query optimizer. We analytically and experimentally demonstrate the performance gains of our proposed schemes which shows their superiority over alternative schemes. Finally, we generalize Tri Weave to incorporate the classical subsumption-based multi-query optimization techniques.
Ptosis in the rat following topically administered 2% epinephrine. (1983)

Commercially available 2% epinephrine instilled twice daily in one eye of 15 rats resulted in ptosis after 4 weeks treatment. The ptosis was indistinguishable from that observed following topical treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine 20% and surgical sympathectomy. Ptosis in both epinephrine- and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats was associated with a statistically significant depletion of ocular norepinephrine, as determined by a sensitive catecholamine radio enzyme assay. Ultrastructural evidence of nerve terminal degeneration was present near the smooth muscle of Müller within the eyelid of rats treated with epinephrine. This study provides further evidence epinephrine administration can result in chemical sympathectomy as has been described following 6-hydroxydopamine.