gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Divergent effects of silica on lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production (1988)

Silicosis is an interstitial lung disorder that is frequently associated with hypergammaglobulinemia and increased numbers of lymphocytes at sites of disease. To determine the effect of silica on the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells, mononuclear cells were stimulated with antigens or mitogens and placed into 1) high-density cultures (2.5 X 10(6) cells/ml) that were not exposed to silica, in which pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was suppressed by the presence of monocytes; or 2) low-density cultures (0.5 X 10(6) cells/ml) that were not exposed to silica, in which PWM-induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was not suppressed. Silica added to PWM-stimulated high-density cultures significantly increased the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Silica also significantly increased the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in high-density cultures stimulated with purified protein derivative and tetanus toxoid and augmented the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells (P less than 0.05). In contrast to high-density cultures, silica added with PWM to low-density cultures reduced the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. These studies suggest that silica can have potent regulatory effects on various cellular immune processes that are relevant to the lung.
A method of estimating inspiratory flow rate and volume from an inhaler using acoustic measurements (2013)

Inhalers are devices employed to deliver medication to the airways in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a breath actuated inhaler that delivers medication in dry powder form. When used correctly, DPIs improve patients' clinical outcomes. However, some patients are unable to reach the peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) necessary to fully extract the medication. Presently clinicians have no reliable method of objectively measuring PIFR in inhalers. In this study, we propose a novel method of estimating PIFR and also the inspiratory capacity (IC) of patients' inhalations from a commonly used DPI, using acoustic measurements. With a recording device, the acoustic signal of 15 healthy subjects using a DPI over a range of varying PIFR and IC values was obtained. Temporal and spectral signal analysis revealed that the inhalation signal contains sufficient information that can be employed to estimate PIFR and IC. It was found that the average power (Pave) in the frequency band 300-600 Hz had the strongest correlation with PIFR (R(2) = 0.9079), while the power in the same frequency band was also highly correlated with IC (R(2) = 0.9245). This study has several clinical implications as it demonstrates the feasibility of using acoustics to objectively monitor inhaler use.
Dynamic proteome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (2019)

A comprehensive characterization of the molecular processes controlling cell fate decisions is essential to derive stable progenitors and terminally differentiated cells that are functional from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we report the use of quantitative proteomics to describe early proteome adaptations during hPSC differentiation toward pancreatic progenitors. We report that the use of unbiased quantitative proteomics allows the simultaneous profiling of numerous proteins at multiple time points, and is a valuable tool to guide the discovery of signaling events and molecular signatures underlying cellular differentiation. We also monitored the activity level of pathways whose roles are pivotal in the early pancreas differentiation, including the Hippo signaling pathway. The quantitative proteomics data set provides insights into the dynamics of the global proteome during the transition of hPSCs from a pluripotent state toward pancreatic differentiation.
New 2,2′‐Bipyridine Derivatives and Their Luminescence Properties with Europium(III) and Terbium(III) Ions (1992)

Abstract Twenty differently substituted 2,2′,2″,2‴ ‐[(2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐diyl)bis(methylenenitrilo)]tetrakis(acetc acids) 75–94 were synthesized with the purpose of developing new markers to be used in bioaffinity assays based on the unique luminescence properties of Eu III and Tb III ions. The relative luminescence yields, excitation maxima, and emission decay constants were determined for the corresponding Eu III and Tb III chelates. The substituents at the bipyridine moiety had a significant effect on the luminescence properties: the best relative luminescence yields R were obtained for ligands with electron‐donating substituents ( e.g. Me, Ph), electron‐withdrawing substituents ( e.g. NO 2 , COOH) had a reverse effect. However, no clear correlation between the relative luminescence yields and the substituent parameters was found.
Effect of a buried superlattice on the dynamic storage of electrons at the AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction (1987)

A buried five-period 94 Å Al0.3Ga0.7As/ 56 Å GaAs superlattice is employed to improve the dynamic retention of electrons at an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction. The improvement is attributed to the impurity trapping and gettering properties of this superlattice and the amount of time our molecular beam epitaxy system had been closed. Electron retention time constants of 29 s were obtained at a temperature of 77 K. This is more than 200 times longer than previously reported time constants and more than adequate for dynamic logic or memory applications compatible with AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction field-effect transistors.
Specificity of the VP1 GH Loop of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus for αv Integrins (2006)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can use a number of integrins as receptors to initiate infection. Attachment to the integrin is mediated by a highly conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) tripeptide located on the GH loop of VP1. Other residues of this loop are also conserved and may contribute to integrin binding. In this study we have used a 17-mer peptide, whose sequence corresponds to the GH loop of VP1 of type O FMDV, as a competitor of integrin-mediated virus binding and infection. Alanine substitution through this peptide identified the leucines at the first and fourth positions following RGD (RGD+1 and RGD+4 sites) as key for inhibition of virus binding and infection mediated by alphavbeta6 or alphavbeta8 but not for inhibition of virus binding to alphavbeta3. We also show that FMDV peptides containing either methionine or arginine at the RGD+1 site, which reflects the natural sequence variation seen across the FMDV serotypes, are effective inhibitors for alphavbeta6. In contrast, although RGDM-containing peptides were effective for alphavbeta8, RGDR-containing peptides were not. These observations were confirmed by showing that a virus containing an RGDR motif uses alphavbeta8 less efficiently than alphavbeta6 as a receptor for infection. Finally, evidence is presented that shows alphavbeta3 to be a poor receptor for infection by type O FMDV. Taken together, our data suggest that the integrin binding loop of FMDV has most likely evolved for binding to alphavbeta6 with a higher affinity than to alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta8.
A low bit rate hierarchical video codec (1996)

The performance of a very low bit rate video codec largely depends on the efficient use of motion compensated prediction technique and on a good coding control strategy. In our previous approach [6], we proposed a multiple layer video codec using affine motion compensation. In this paper, we further extend our affine compensated multi-layer codec by incorporating a new block level and designing a coding control strategy. A measure of coherent motion is used in the decision process which makes the codec perform efficiently at very low bit rate and for small size image sequences (QCIF and sub-QCIF format). The experimental results conduced on 15 MPEG test sequences in QCIF format show improvement in PSNR of 0.2 dB and reduction in bit rate of 0.9 kbits/second.
On Automatic and Dynamic Camera Calibration based on Traffic Visual Surveillance (2007)

This paper presents a novel automatic and dynamic camera calibration algorithm based on traffic visual surveillance. The algorithm can automatically calibrate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of camera, and offer enough guarantee to extract traffic real-time parameters. This paper firstly indicates the significance of applying automatic and dynamic calibration algorithm to intelligent transportation system, then establishes a mathematical model of calibration parameters between camera image and actual road. The algorithm is established from three view points, which are description, flow chart and algorithm description. Afterward this paper describes the experimental method and result based on this novel algorithm. Finally this paper indicates wide application foreground of this algorithm in intelligent transportation system.
Electronic and magnetotransport properties of ferromagnetic p-(In,Mn)As∕n-InAs heterojunctions (2005)

The electronic and magnetotransport properties of epitaxial p-(In,Mn)As∕n-InAs heterojunctions have been studied. The junctions were formed by depositing ferromagnetic (In,Mn)As films on InAs (100) substrates using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The current-voltage characteristics of the junctions have been measured from 78 to 295 K. At temperatures below 150 K, ohmic current dominate transport at low bias, followed by defect-assisted tunneling current with increasing bias. At high forward bias, junction transport is dominated by diffusion current. The magnetoresistance of the junctions was measured as a function of forward bias and applied magnetic field. The magnitude and field dependence of the longitudinal magnetoresistance depend directly on the junction transport mechanism. Under high bias, a magnetoresistance of 15.7% at 78 K and 8% at 295 K in a 4400 Oe field was measured in an In0.96Mn0.04As∕InAs junction. At 78 K, the high bias magnetoresistance increases linearly with magnetic field from 1000 to 4600 Oe.
Design Considerations for a Contactless Electric Vehicle Battery Charger (2005)

This paper overviews theoretical and practical design issues related to inductive power transfer systems and verifies the developed theory using a practical electric vehicle battery charger. The design focuses on the necessary approaches to ensure power transfer over the complete operating range of the system. As such, a new approach to the design of the primary resonant circuit is proposed, whereby deviations from design expectations due to phase or frequency shift are minimized. Of particular interest are systems that are neither loosely nor tightly coupled. The developed solution depends on the selected primary and secondary resonant topologies, the magnetic coupling coefficient, and the secondary quality factor.
Domain Architecture of the Regulators of Calcineurin (RCANs) and Identification of a Divergent RCAN in Yeast (2009)

Regulators of calcineurin (RCANs) in fungi and mammals have been shown to stimulate and inhibit calcineurin signaling in vivo through direct interactions with the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase. The dual effects of RCANs on calcineurin were examined by performing structure-function analyses on yeast Rcn1 and human RCAN1 (a.k.a. DSCR1, MCIP1, and calcipressin 1) proteins expressed at a variety of different levels in yeast. At high levels of expression, the inhibitory effects required a degenerate PxIxIT-like motif and a novel LxxP motif, which may be related to calcineurin-binding motifs in human NFAT proteins. The conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) phosphorylation site was not required for inhibition, suggesting that RCANs can simply compete with other substrates for docking onto calcineurin. In addition to these docking motifs, two other highly conserved motifs plus the GSK-3 phosphorylation site in RCANs, along with the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(Cdc4), were required for stimulation of calcineurin signaling in yeast. These findings suggest that RCANs may function primarily as chaperones for calcineurin biosynthesis or recycling, requiring binding, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and proteasomal degradation for their stimulatory effect. Finally, another highly divergent yeast RCAN, termed Rcn2 (YOR220w), was identified through a functional genetic screen. Rcn2 lacks all stimulatory motifs, though its expression was still strongly induced by calcineurin signaling through Crz1 and it competed with other endogenous substrates when overexpressed, similar to canonical RCANs. These findings suggest a primary role for canonical RCANs in facilitating calcineurin signaling, but canonical RCANs may secondarily inhibit calcineurin signaling by interfering with substrate interactions and enzymatic activity.
Thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings (2003)

Previous research suggests that HV AC thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings suffer from thermal losses, such as those caused by duct air leakage and poor duct location.Due to a lack of metrics and data showing the potentially large energy savings from reducing these losses, the California building industry has mostly overlooked energy efficiency improvements in this area.The purpose of this project is to obtain the technical knowledge needed to properly measure and understand the energy efficiency of these systems.This project has three specific objectives: to develop metrics and diagnostics for determining system efficiencies, to develop design and retrofit information that the building industry can use to improve these systems, and to determine the energy impacts associated with duct leakage airflows in an existing large commercial building.The primary outcome of this project is the confirmation that duct leakage airflows can significantly impact energy use in large commercial buildings: our measurements indicate that adding 15% duct leakage at operating conditions leads to ah increase in fan power of about 25 to 35%.This finding is consistent with impacts of increased duct leakage airflows on fan power that have been predicted by previous simulations.Other project outcomes include the definition of a new metric for distribution system .efficiency,the demonstration of a reliable test for determining duct leakage airflows, and the development of new techniques for duct sealing.We expect that the project outcomes will lead to new requirements for commercial thermal distribution system efficiency in future revisions of California's Title 24.
Activation of a Ca<sup>2+</sup>−Mg<sup>2+</sup>‐dependent endonuclease as an early event in castration‐induced prostatic cell death (1988)

Previous studies have demonstrated that castration-induced androgen withdrawal results in the fragmentation of prostatic DNA into nucleosomal oligomers, and this process comprises an early event in the activation of programed cell death in the rat ventral prostate. This DNA fragmentation could be due to changes in the chromatin conformation increasing its sensitivity to preexisting nucleases and/or to increases in the activity of the nucleases themselves. However, comparative kinetic analysis of in vitro DNA fragmentation induced by exogenous nucleases did not reveal any differences in the sensitivity of prostatic chromatin between intact and castrated rats. In contrast to these negative findings, using [3H] DNA as an exogenous substrate, it was shown that within the first day following castration there was a twofold increase in a Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent nuclease activity without a concomitant increase in other nuclear nucleases. This Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent nuclease activation occurred coincidental with the initial increase in nuclear DNA fragmentation following castration and preceded the enhanced appearance of morphological changes characteristic of dying cells (i.e., apoptosis), as well as the major increase in prostatic DNA loss. These results suggest that castration-induced androgen deprivation leads to a sequential activation of a Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent nuclease leading to the fragmentation of the genome into discrete nucleosomal-sized fragments of DNA, subsequently followed by the fragmentation of the nucleus itself (i.e., apoptosis) and eventually with the complete digestion of the nucleosomal oligomers into component nucleotides (i.e., DNA loss). Since the castration-induced nuclease is dependent upon calcium ions for maximal activity, a potential role of intracellular calcium in the early events activating prostatic cell death was investigated. Acute disturbances in intracellular calcium homeostasis within the ventral prostate by means of a potent calcium influx blocker, nifedipine, simultaneous with castration, resulted in a significant delay in the biochemical and morphological changes associated with prostatic cell death (i.e., prostatic weight loss, prostatic DNA loss, and DNA fragmentation). These results point to a potential role of intracellular calcium levels in the mechanism of activation of castration-induced death of the androgen-dependent epithelial cells in the ventral prostate.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions Involving Imidazolium Salt/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Couples as Substrates (2004)

Reactive Couples: Imidazolium salts react with alkenes under mild conditions in the presence of a Ni0-based catalyst to produce 2-alkyl imidazolium salts (see scheme, cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene). The mechanism involves oxidative addition of an imidazolium CH bond to M0 to give a (carbene)MH intermediate and finally bond formation between the carbene and an alkyl ligand through reductive elimination. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z54166_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Germanium-Selenium (Ge-Se) Based Resist Systems For Submicron VLSI Application</title> (1983)

A review of key developments in the field of inorganic resist systems is presented. We also discuss the role that inorganic resist systems can play in submicron optical lithography for VLSI. Because of a unique set of material characteristics, the optical lithographic performance of these resist systems surpasses that of any known organic resist system, and even exceeds that expected for a resist having infinite contrast. Effects such as edge sharpening and photobleaching compensate for the resolution-limiting diffraction effects in optical lithography. We discuss a two-stage imaging mechanism, consisting of the definition of a thin image layer followed by anisotropic, wet chemical etching to replicate this high resolution image into the entire thickness of the Ge-Se film. The high absorbance of these films to the exposing radiation eliminates problems associated with substrate reflectivity and their resistance to oxygen plasma allows the use of a bi-level scheme that alleviates problems associated with device topography. Sensitivity of this resist system to the entire UV spectrum permits the use of a single resist system for all current and future optical exposure tools.
Charge Transport Mechanisms in Au–CdTe Space-Charge-Limited Schottky Diodes (1998)

Space-charge-limited Schottky diodes are fabricated by evaporation of gold on electrodeposited CdTe films. The charge transport mechanisms, in both polarities, are studied. Thermionic emission and space-charge-limited conduction theories can adequately describe the transport properties. The latter mechanism is controlled by a donor-type deep level whose ionization energy varies with the applied voltage according to the Poole-Frenkel effect. Bardeen's model in which the Fermi level is pinned to the interface states, can explain the voltage dependence of the barrier height in these devices. Some of the important parameters of CdTe films are measured from the characteristics of these diodes.
Silica Nanorattle–Doxorubicin-Anchored Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tumor-Tropic Therapy (2011)

Low targeting efficiency is one of the biggest limitations for nanoparticulate drug delivery system-based cancer therapy. In this study, an efficient approach for tumor-targeted drug delivery was developed with mesenchymal stem cells as the targeting vehicle and a silica nanorattle as the drug carrier. A silica nanorattle-doxorubicin drug delivery system was efficiently anchored to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by specific antibody-antigen recognitions at the cytomembrane interface without any cell preconditioning. Up to 1500 nanoparticles were uploaded to each MSC cell with high cell viability and tumor-tropic ability. The intracellular retention time of the silica nanorattle was no less than 48 h, which is sufficient for cell-directed tumor-tropic delivery. In vivo experiments proved that the burdened MSCs can track down the U251 glioma tumor cells more efficiently and deliver doxorubicin with wider distribution and longer retention lifetime in tumor tissues compared with free DOX and silica nanorattle-encapsulated DOX. The increased and prolonged DOX intratumoral distribution further contributed to significantly enhanced tumor-cell apoptosis. This strategy has potential to be developed as a robust and generalizable method for targeted tumor therapy with high efficiency and low systematic toxicity.
Immunologic control of a parasitic arthropod. Identification of a protective antigen from Boophilus microplus. (1989)

Cattle can be vaccinated against the tick Boophilus microplus by inducing an immunologic reaction against Ag in the tick gut. The uptake of antibody during feeding leads to severe damage to the parasite. One of the responsible tick gut Ag has now been purified and characterized: the Bm86 Ag. It is a membrane-bound glycoprotein present in very low abundance in extracts of partially engorged adult female ticks. It has an apparent m.w. of 89,000, an isoelectric point of 5.1 to 5.6 and an affinity for wheat germ lectin. Microgram amounts of this Ag are able to induce effective protection in cattle against the parasite, as shown by the decreased survival of ticks on vaccinated cattle and a reduction in engorgement weights and egg laying capacity of the survivors. Antisera to the Ag react with the surface of digest cells in the tick gut. As a result of the reaction with antibody, the endocytotic activity of these cells, which is a critical step in bloodmeal digestion in this tick, is strongly and rapidly inhibited. A number of peptides from this Ag, produced by digestion of the reduced and alkylated protein with endoproteinase lys-C, have been sequenced. One peptide has significant amino acid sequence homology with the epidermal growth factor precursor and a second peptide has homology with a putative protective antigen from Plasmodium falciparum.