gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the dynamics of transferable obligations in business procedures (2002)

To facilitate electronic commerce in international trade, paper based documents in trade procedures have to be replaced by electronic messages. This can be viewed as a business process redesign problem. We present a formal framework for representing so called Deontic Deep Structure Models (DDSM) for business procedures. These models can be used to support the electronification of such procedures. The framework is based on a combination of deontic logic and action logic. To illustrate its usefulness we show how the formal framework can be applied to analyze some international trade procedures in which obligations are transferred from one agent to another agent.
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of LY231514, the multitargeted antifolate. (1998)

LY231514 is a novel antifolate that principally inhibits thymidylate synthase, but with additional folate-dependent enzyme targets. A Phase I study of single-agent LY231514 administered as a daily i.v. infusion over 10 minutes for 5 days, repeated every 3 weeks, was conducted to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor activity of the drug using this schedule. Thirty-eight patients with advanced malignancies that were refractory or not amenable to standard therapy were treated with a total of 116 courses of LY231514, escalating treatment doses through 10 dose levels, from 0.2-5.2 mg/m2/day. No objective clinical responses were observed, although minor antitumor activity not fulfilling the response criteria was seen in three patients. A maximum tolerated dose of 4.0 mg/m2/day was determined, with neutropenia as the predominant dose-limiting toxicity. Reversible disturbances of liver biochemistry, fulfilling the protocol definitions of dose-limiting toxicity, were also observed. Other toxicities included diarrhea, mucositis, skin rash, and fatigue. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed at all treatment levels. Analysis showed a linear relation between administered dose and both maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration/time curve. The drug was cleared with a day 1 total body clearance of 108.9 +/- 38.8 ml/min/m2, with plasma concentrations declining with a mean harmonic terminal half-life of 1.4 +/- 0.98 h. When given by this schedule, LY231514 is tolerable, and Phase II studies are in progress.
Nuclear antigen detected in hepatoma cell lines containing integrated hepatitis B virus DNA (1983)

We identified, by anticomplement immunofluorescence, a nuclear antigen (hepatitis B virus-associated nuclear antigen [HBNA]) in two human hepatoma cell lines containing integrated hepatitis B virus DNA but not in three hepatoma cell lines lacking it. The antigen resembled neoantigens associated with the oncogenesis of certain papovaviruses, adenoviruses, and herpesviruses. Antibody to the antigen (anti-HBNA) was found in 7.3% of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but not in surface antigen-negative sera. The staining of HBNA was characterized by two patterns, reticular nuclear fluorescence and nucleolar fluorescence. The expression of HBNA did not parallel the production of extracellular hepatitis B surface antigen. Treatment of cells with proteinase K, RNase, DNase, or cycloheximide significantly diminished the staining of HBNA.
Interaction of Tetranectin with Sulphated Polysaccharides and Trypan Blue (1989)

Tetranectin is a recently discovered plasminogen binding protein from human plasma, with a known primary structure. Its interactions with various sulphated polysaccharides and trypan blue has been investigated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gel filtration experiments. Interaction of tetranectin with chondroitin sulphate A, B, and C, heparan sulphate and trypan blue could be demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against monospecific rabbit anti-tetranectin. Interaction of tetranectin with fucoidan could be demonstrated by all three methods, and this interaction could be prevented by heparin and to a lesser degree by chondroitin sulphate A and C, but not by fucose. These findings, together with the recently published findings, that tetranectin is present in exocrine and endocrine glands as well as in secreting surface epithelia and mesenchyme, suggest that tetranectin, in conjunction with proteoglycans, may have a function in the packaging of granules or as a participant in exocytocic processes.
Fast gradient methods based on global motion estimation for video compression (2003)

This paper presents a fast global motion estimation (GME) algorithm based on gradient methods (GM), which can be used for real-time applications, such as in MPEG4 video compression. This approach improves the existing state-of-the-art GME algorithms by introducing two major modifications: first, only a small subset (down to 3%) of the original image pixels is used in the estimation process. Second, an interpolation-free formulation of the basic GM is derived, further decreasing the computational complexity. Experimental results show no loss of GME accuracy and compression efficiency compared to the MPEG-4 verification model, while reducing the computational complexity of the GME by a factor of 20.
The development of a Bacillus subtilis 168 culture condition for enhanced and accelerated beta-mannanase production. (1996)

A shaken flask cultivation condition for enhanced and accelerated beta-mannanase formation by Bacillus subtilis 168 was achieved. Among five examined fermentation media a formula that supported enzyme generation and retarded biomass yield and sporulation was selected. The deficiency of biomass production in this medium was mastered by choosing a seed culture medium that accelerated growth and initiation of beta-mannanase synthesis. With respect to enzyme production, the optimum pH and temperature were 7 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The biosynthesis of the enzyme was extremely influenced by the cell growth state as a modulator, glucose as a catabolite repressor, and galactomannan as an inducer. A galactomannan concentration of 4 g l-1 induced a beta-mannanase activity level of 17.5 U ml-1 after 24 h of incubation at the experimental condition. Higher inducer concentrations supported growth rather than enzyme production. The influence of inoculum size was so remarkable that, at optimum, a crude filtrate with an enzyme activity of 33U ml-1 was yielded within 4 hours. It appears that this is among the highest rates reported for beta-mannanase production. We have also demonstrated that blocking of the sporulation process at stage II do not affect enzyme production significantly. This would allow an extended enzyme production phase especially in a continuous culture.
A Liquid Xenon Imaging Telescope For 1-30 MeV Gamma-Ray Astrophysics (1989)

We discuss the application of a high resolution liquid xenon imaging chamber as a γ-ray telescope for medium energy astrophysics. The chamber, operated in the Time Projection Mode, will be capable to image any ionizing event occurring within its sensitive volume. Gamma-ray events with multiple Compton interactions will be identified as such, thus significantly enhancing the detection efficiency over a wide energy range. This represents the main advantage of the proposed liquid xenon instrument over more conventional double scatter Compton telescopes, in which stringent topological constraints limit considerably the acceptance. In the Compton regime, the excellent energy and position resolution of the detector, on the order of 3% FWHM at 1 MeV and of 250 pm RMS, respectively, will result in a 1a angular resolution of 0.5° - 0.3° for 7-ray energies of 1-20 MeV. The ambiguity in source location that characterizes the Compton measurement can be removed for 7-ray events of high enough energy to allow the reconstruction of the direction of the Compton electron. In the pair production regime, the incoming γ-ray direction can also be uniquely determined from the reconstructed openining angle of the electron-positron pair. An effective discrimination against charged and neutral background events is a direct consequence of the detector imaging capability. The versatility of the liquid xenon telescope and its unique characteristics will allow a large variety of γ-ray emitting sources to be explored with high sensitivity.
Novel Heterocyclic System - 2,4,1-Benzoxazaphosphinine: Convenient Substrate for Synthesis of Derivatives of 2,4-Diaminophenylphosphonic Acid (2001)

N-Acylanilides having electron-donating substituents attached at a proper position react with phosphorus (III) bromides forming the new heterocyclic system - 2,4,1-benzoxazaphosphinine. 1-Arylamino-2,4,1-benzoxazaphosphinines are hydrolyzed with cleavage of an oxazaphosphinine ring affording mixed amides of 2,4-diaminophenylphosphonic acid in high yield.
Modified lipoproteins in diabetes. (1994)

The mechanisms by which diabetes leads to various manifestations of tissue damage are not yet fully understood; however, different recent studies suggest that some of them may be mediated by modified lipoproteins, although other lipid abnormalities also have been described in diabetes patients. Principally, the modification consists of an oxidation of the lipoprotein particle [mainly low-density lipoprotein (LDL)]. The oxidized LDL is then rapidly internalized by macrophages, converting them to cholesterol-loaded foam cells. In diabetic patients, oxidation occurs through two pathways: enzymatic (vascular inflammation) and nonenzymatic (polyunsaturated fatty acids) that can be blocked either by acetyl salicylic acid or by antioxidants. Moreover, in diabetes patients, higher glucose levels can also lead to a direct (stimulated by metals) or an indirect (by generation of glycosylated proteins) generation of free radicals, which will also damage proteins and collagen in particular. Clinically, lipid peroxide concentrations are higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects, particularly in patients with vascular complications and with high triglyceride levels. These lipid peroxide levels can be decreased by antioxidants, whose concentrations are lower in diabetic patients. Preliminary data also indicate that HMG CoA reductase inhibitors can decrease lipid peroxide concentrations.
Engineering of mucin-type human glycoproteins in yeast cells (2008)

Mucin-type O-glycans are the most typical O-glycans found in mammalian cells and assume many different biological roles. Here, we report a genetic engineered yeast strain capable of producing mucin-type sugar chains. Genes encoding Bacillus subtilis UDP-Gal/GalNAc 4-epimerase, human UDP-Gal/GalNAc transporter, human ppGalNAc-T1, and Drosophila melanogaster core1 beta1-3 GalT were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The engineered yeast was able to produce a MUC1a peptide containing O-glycan and also a mucin-like glycoprotein, human podoplanin (hPod; also known as aggrus), which is a platelet-aggregating factor that requires a sialyl-core1 structure for activity. After in vitro sialylation, hPod from yeast could induce platelet aggregation. Interestingly, substitution of ppGalNAc-T1 for ppGalNAc-T3 caused a loss of platelet aggregation-inducing activity, despite the fact that the sialyl-core1 was detectable in both hPod proteins on a lectin microarray. Most of O-mannosylation, a common modification in yeast, to MUC1a was suppressed by the addition of a rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivative in the culture medium. The yeast system we describe here is able to produce glycoproteins modified at different glycosylation sites and has the potential for use in basic research and pharmaceutical applications.
Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity (IUPAC Technical Report) (2013)

The chemical diversity of natural antioxidants (AOXs) makes it difficult to separate, detect, and quantify individual antioxidants from a complex food/biological matrix. Moreover, the total antioxidant power is often more meaningful to evaluate health beneficial effects because of the cooperative action of individual antioxidant species. Currently, there is no single antioxidant assay for food labeling because of the lack of standard quantification methods. Antioxidant assays may be broadly classified as the electron transfer (ET)- and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based assays. The results obtained are hardly comparable because of the different mechanisms, redox potentials, pH and solvent dependencies, etc. of various assays. This project will aid the identification and quantification of properties and mutual effects of antioxidants, bring a more rational basis to the classification of antioxidant assays with their constraints and challenges, and make the results more comparable and understandable. In this regard, the task group members convey their own experiences in various methods of antioxidants measurement.
Efficient Copper(II) Acetate Catalyzed Homo- and Heterocoupling of Terminal Alkynes at Ambient Conditions (2010)

Symmetrical 1,3-diynes were obtained in quantitative yields using the copper(II) acetate catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of piperidine at 25 ˚C under aerobic conditions. We also accomplished facile syntheses of unsymmetric 1,3-diynes by heterocoupling terminal alkynes in very good yields under the reported reaction conditions.
Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood &gamma;&delta; T Cells using Zoledronate (2011)

Human γδ T cells can recognize and respond to a wide variety of stress-induced antigens, thereby developing innate broad anti-tumor and anti-infective activity. The majority of γδ T cells in peripheral blood have the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor. These cells recognize antigen in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner and develop strong cytolytic and Th1-like effector functions. Therefore, γδ T cells are attractive candidate effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), which is synthesized in bacteria via isoprenoid biosynthesis; and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is produced in eukaryotic cells through the mevalonate pathway. In physiological condition, the generation of IPP in nontransformed cell is not sufficient for the activation of γδ T cells. Dysregulation of mevalonate pathway in tumor cells leads to accumulation of IPP and γδ T cells activation. Because aminobisphosphonates (such as pamidronate or zoledronate) inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), the enzyme acting downstream of IPP in the mevalonate pathway, intracellular levels of IPP and sensitibity to γδ T cells recognition can be therapeutically increased by aminobisphosphonates. IPP accumulation is less efficient in nontransformed cells than tumor cells with a pharmacologically relevant concentration of aminobisphosphonates, that allow us immunotherapy for cancer by activating γδ T cells with aminobisphosphonates. Interestingly, IPP accumulates in monocytes when PBMC are treated with aminobisphosphonates, because of efficient drug uptake by these cells. Monocytes that accumulate IPP become antigen-presenting cells and stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the peripheral blood. Based on these mechanisms, we developed a technique for large-scale expansion of γδ T cell cultures using zoledronate and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Other methods for expansion of γδ T cells utilize the synthetic phosphoantigens bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP) or 2-methyl-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate (2M3B1PP). All of these methods allow ex vivo expansion, resulting in large numbers of γδ T cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy. However, only zoledronate is an FDA-approved commercially available reagent. Zoledronate-expanded γδ T cells display CD27(-)CD45RA(-) effector memory phenotype and thier function can be evaluated by IFN-γ production assay.
Multiobjective Optimization of a Port-of-Entry Inspection Policy (2009)

At the port-of-entry, containers are inspected through a specific sequence of sensor stations to detect the presence of radioactive materials, biological and chemical agents, and other illegal cargo. The inspection policy, which includes the sequence in which sensors are applied and the threshold levels used at the inspection stations, affects the probability of misclassifying a container as well as the cost and time spent in inspection. This work is an extension of a paper by Elsayed et al., which considers an inspection system operating with a Boolean decision function combining station results. In this paper, we present a multiobjective optimization approach to determine the optimal sensor arrangement and threshold levels, while considering cost and time. The total cost includes cost incurred by misclassification errors and the total expected cost of inspection, while the time represents the total expected time a container spends in the inspection system. Examples which apply the approach in various systems are presented.
Automatic Image Annotation Combining the Content and the Context of Medical Images (2007)

In this paper we evaluate the relevance of the information extracted from the visual content of medical images and from the image-related text-regions, as well as the performance gain obtained by combining the two approaches. First we annotate the images using a content-based annotation method that relies on the supervised classification of reduced visual representations derived from statistic and texture features. The context of medical images (i.e. image-related text regions) is extracted from the documents and analyzed using the MeSH medical ontology, which we improved and adapted to be able to extract specific category terms. Several ways of combining the two approaches are proposed and tested, showing significant overall annotation improvements.
Superior Neuroprotective Efficacy of LAU-0901, a Novel Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonist, in Experimental Stroke (2011)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) accumulates during cerebral ischemia, and inhibition of this process plays a critical role in neuronal survival. Recently, we demonstrated that LAU-0901, a novel PAF receptor antagonist, is neuroprotective in experimental stroke. We used magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with behavior and immunohistopathology to expand our understanding of this novel therapeutic approach. Sprague-Dawley rats received 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were treated with LAU-0901 (60 mg/kg) or vehicle 2 h from MCAo onset. Behavioral function, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and apparent diffusion coefficients were performed on days 1, 3, and 7 after MCAo. Infarct volume and number of GFAP, ED-1, and NeuN-positive cells were conducted on day 7. Behavioral deficit was significantly improved by LAU-0901 treatment compared to vehicle on days 1, 3, and 7. Total lesion volumes computed from T2WI were significantly reduced by LAU-0901 on days 1, 3, and 7 (by 83%, 90%, and 96%, respectively), which was consistent with decreased edema formation. Histopathology revealed that LAU-0901 treatment resulted in significant reduction of cortical and subcortical infarct volumes, attenuated microglial infiltration, and promoted astrocytic and neuronal survival. These findings suggest LAU-0901 is a promising neuroprotectant and provide the basis for future therapeutics in patients suffering ischemic stroke.
Counter doping into uniformly and heavily doped channel region of sub-0.1 μm SOI MOSFETs (1996)

We proposed counter doping into a heavily and uniformly doped channel region of SOI MOSFETs. This enabled us to suppress the short channel effects with proper threshold voltage V/sub th/ and to eliminate parasitic edge or back gate transistors. We derived a model for V/sub th/ as a function of the projected range, Rp and dose, /spl Phi//sub D/, of the counter doping, and showed that V/sub th/ is invariable even when the as-implanted counter doping profile redistributes. Using this technology, we demonstrated a V/sub th/ roll-off free 0.075 μm-L/sub Geff/ nMOSFET with low off-state current.
Cytoplasmic protein binding to highly conserved sequences in the 3' untranslated region of mouse protamine 2 mRNA, a translationally regulated transcript of male germ cells. (1991)

The expression of the protamines, the predominant nuclear proteins of mammalian spermatozoa, is regulated translationally during male germ-cell development. The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of protamine 1 mRNA has been reported to control its time of translation. To understand the mechanisms controlling translation of the protamine mRNAs, we have sought to identify cis elements of the 3' UTR of protamine 2 mRNA that are recognized by cytoplasmic factors. From gel retardation assays, two sequence elements are shown to form specific RNA-protein complexes. Protein binding sites of the two complexes were determined by RNase T1 mapping, by blocking the putative binding sites with antisense oligonucleotides, and by competition assays. The sequences of these elements, located between nucleotides + 537 and + 572 in protamine 2 mRNA, are highly conserved among postmeiotic translationally regulated nuclear proteins of the mammalian testis. Two closely linked protein binding sites were detected. UV-crosslinking studies revealed that a protein of about 18 kDa binds to one of the conserved sequences. These data demonstrate specific protein binding to a highly conserved 3' UTR of translationally regulated testicular mRNA.
Ozone-enhanced photocatalytic degradation of natural organic matter in water (2006)

Ozone-enhanced photocatalytic degradation of macromolecular natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water source was investigated. The influences of ozone dosage, retention time and bicarbonate concentration on the NOM degradation rate were studied. The change of molecular weight distribution of NOM caused by ozone-enhanced photocatalysis was analysed, as well as the degradation rate of NOM with different molecular weight (MW). It was shown that ozone-enhanced photocatalysis was much better for NOM degradation than sole ozonation or photocatalysis. Increase of both ozone dosage and retention time could effectively increase the TOC removal rate, while biodegradability could be improved solely by an increase in ozone dosage. The existence of bicarbonate significantly reduced the photocatalytic degradation rate of NOM; however, its impact was effectively offset by the addition of ozone into the photocatalytic process. Macromolecular NOM was transformed into smaller molecules, and the larger NOM was mineralized by ozone-enhanced photocatalysis much faster than the smaller NOM.