gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary High Microwave Absorption Cross Section of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

The microwave-induced heating of nanoparticles has been actively studied in pursuit of more efficient microwave absorbers. Here we systematically investigated the microwave absorption cross section of conductive particles (Al), magnetic particles (Fe3O4), and carbon nanotubes with different lengths. The particles were suspended in silicone oil and irradiated with a microwave at 2.45 GHz using a single-mode microwave reactor. The experimentally measured heating rate was analytically modeled based on the modified Lambert–Beer law to obtain the microwave absorption cross section per mass. The microwave-induced heating rate was primarily dependent on optical absorbance, which is proportional to the mass concentration of suspended particles. Under the similar optical absorbance, longer nanotubes provided greater microwave absorption cross section which could be described by the short dipole antenna theory. The microwave absorption cross section of 5 mm long multiwalled carbon nanotubes was ∼4080 times greater than that of Al particles. One-dimensional ultralong carbon nanotubes provide a unique opportunity as super microwave absorbers which may be useful in chemical, biomedical, and process applications.
An Introduction to Wavelets (1992)

An Overview: From Fourier Analysis to Wavelet Analysis. The Integral Wavelet Transform and Time-Frequency Analysis. Inversion Formulas and Duals. Classification of Wavelets. Multiresolution Analysis, Splines, and Wavelets. Wavelet Decompositions and Reconstructions. Fourier Analysis: Fourier and Inverse Fourier Transforms. Continuous-Time Convolution and the Delta Function. Fourier Transform of Square-Integrable Functions. Fourier Series. Basic Convergence Theory and Poisson's Summation Formula. Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Analysis: The Gabor Transform. Short-Time Fourier Transforms and the Uncertainty Principle. The Integral Wavelet Transform. Dyadic Wavelets and Inversions. Frames. Wavelet Series. Cardinal Spline Analysis: Cardinal Spline Spaces. B-Splines and Their Basic Properties. The Two-Scale Relation and an Interpolatory Graphical Display Algorithm. B-Net Representations and Computation of Cardinal Splines. Construction of Spline Approximation Formulas. Construction of Spline Interpolation Formulas. Scaling Functions and Wavelets: Multiresolution Analysis. Scaling Functions with Finite Two-Scale Relations. Direct-Sum Decompositions of L2(R). Wavelets and Their Duals. Linear-Phase Filtering. Compactly Supported Wavelets. Cardinal Spline-Wavelets: Interpolaratory Spline-Wavelets. Compactly Supported Spline-Wavelets. Computation of Cardinal Spline-Wavelets. Euler-Frobenius Polynomials. Error Analysis in Spline-Wavelet Decomposition. Total Positivity, Complete Oscillation, Zero-Crossings. Orthogonal Wavelets and Wavelet Packets: Examples of Orthogonal Wavelets. Identification of Orthogonal Two-Scale Symbols. Construction of Compactly Supported Orthogonal Wavelets. Orthogonal Wavelet Packets. Orthogonal Decomposition of Wavelet Series. Notes. References. Subject Index. Appendix.
A multilevel voltage-source converter system with balanced DC voltages (2002)

In this paper, a multilevel voltage-source converter system is proposed for high-voltage, high-power applications such as back-to-back interconnection of power systems, large induction motor drives, and electrical traction drives. Multilevel voltage-source converters have a voltage unbalance problem in the DC capacitors. The problem may be solved by use of additional voltage regulators or separate DC sources. However, these solutions are found not to be practicable for most applications. The proposed converter system can solve the voltage unbalance problem of the conventional multilevel voltage-source converters, without using any additional voltage balance circuits or separate voltage sources. The mechanism of the voltage unbalance problem is analyzed theoretically in this paper. The voltage unbalance problem of multilevel converters in the DC capacitors has been solved by the proposed internal connections of the AC/DC and DC/AC converters. The validity of the new converter system is demonstrated by simulation and experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The modulation of serine metabolism in hepatoma 3924A during different phases of cellular proliferation in culture (1987)

The activities of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase increased markedly during the transition of hepatoma cells from a resting non-proliferating culture into the proliferating growth phase. Activities declined as cells reached confluency and entered the plateau growth phase. This pattern was paralleled by changes in [14C]serine incorporation into nucleic acids. The experiments support the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of serine is metabolically coupled to its utilization for nucleotide precursor formation in cancer cells.
A vision‐based approach to behavioural animation (1990)

Abstract This paper presents an innovative way of animating actors at a high level based on the concept of synthetic vision. The objective is simple: to create an animation involving a synthetic actor automatically moving in a corridor avoiding objects and other synthetic actors. To simulate this behaviour, each synthetic actors uses a synthetic vision as its perception of the world and so as the unique input to its behavioural model. This model is based on the concept of displacement local automata (DLA), which is similar to the concept of a script for natural language processing. A DLA is an algorithm that can deal with a specific environment. Two DLAs, called follow ‐ the ‐ corridor and avoid ‐ the ‐ obstacle , are described in detail.
Separating the wheat from the chaff: a prioritisation pipeline for the analysis of metabolomics datasets (2011)

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful and widely applied method for the study of biological systems, biomarker discovery and pharmacological interventions. LC-MS measurements are, however, significantly complicated by several technical challenges, including: (1) ionisation suppression/enhancement, disturbing the correct quantification of analytes, and (2) the detection of large amounts of separate derivative ions, increasing the complexity of the spectra, but not their information content. Here we introduce an experimental and analytical strategy that leads to robust metabolome profiles in the face of these challenges. Our method is based on rigorous filtering of the measured signals based on a series of sample dilutions. Such data sets have the additional characteristic that they allow a more robust assessment of detection signal quality for each metabolite. Using our method, almost 80% of the recorded signals can be discarded as uninformative, while important information is retained. As a consequence, we obtain a broader understanding of the information content of our analyses and a better assessment of the metabolites detected in the analyzed data sets. We illustrate the applicability of this method using standard mixtures, as well as cell extracts from bacterial samples. It is evident that this method can be applied in many types of LC-MS analyses and more specifically in untargeted metabolomics.
Segmenting Moving Objects in MPEG Videos in the Presence of Camera Motion (2007)

The distinction of translational and rotational camera motion and the recognition of moving objects is an important topic for scientific film studies. In this paper, we present an approach to distinguish between camera and object motion in MPEG videos and provide a pixel-accurate segmentation of moving objects. Compressed domain features are used as far as possible in order to reduce computation time. First, camera motion parameters are estimated and translational movements are distinguished from rotational movements based on a three-dimensional (3D) camera model. Then, motion vectors which do not fit to the camera motion estimate are assigned to object clusters. The moving object information is utilized to refine the camera motion estimate, and a novel compressed domain tracking algorithm is applied to verify the temporal consistency of detected objects. In contrast to previous approaches, the tracking of both moving objects and background allows to perform their separation iteratively only once per shot. The object boundary is estimated with pixel accuracy via active contour models. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Improved Portland Cement Mortars with Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved Portland Cement Mortars with Polyvinyl Acetate EmulsionsJacob M. Geist, Servo V. Amagna, and Brian B. MellorCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 4, 759–767Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50520a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50520a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Surgically-induced angiogenesis as basic principle in treatment ov hypovascularized wounds--the nutritive flap]. (1998)

Chronic wounds of the lower extremity as a result of diabetes, arteriosclerosis and microangiopathy are of significant clinical relevance, as they result in immobilization, extended hospitalization and cost-intensive treatment. Via transfer of well-vascularized tissue onto chronic wounds as a free transplanted muscle flap, if necessary connected to a venous bypass, angiogenesis is induced and wound healing improved. This concept leads to nonamputational therapy.
Patch scheduling for on-line games (2005)

One of the challenges facing the on-line gaming community is the delivery of new content to players. While the initial distribution of a game is typically done via large media formats such as CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, consumers expect regular updates to on-line games such as bug fixes, balance adjustments, and new content. In this paper, we develop a model for the bandwidth impact of patch delivery based on the time of day of the patch release. We evaluate our model against the Steam content delivery network and determine the best time to release a patch to be midway between the peak and trough of daily player load.
Thermostable variants of subtilisin selected by temperature‐gradient gel electrophoresis (1996)

Region-specific random mutagenesis in the weak calcium binding site of subtilisin Carlsberg and subsequent screening for variants with enhanced heat stability revealed two variants, which showed significantly enhanced residual activity at 68 degrees C, 0.1 mM CaCl2, pH 8.0. Preselected variants have been studied by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and were found to be stabilized due to different effects. Whereas the point mutation (Ser188Pro) mainly enhanced autoproteolytic stability of subtilisin, the double mutation (Ser188Pro; Ala194Glu) additionally increased the apparent Tm-value of the molecule for 2-3 degrees C under a variety of conditions. It was possible to differentiate between the effects of autoproteolysis and structural unfolding to a certain degree by TGGE and to show the complex influence of changed calcium affinity on thermal stability for the double variant.
Multiterminal source coding with high resolution (1999)

We consider separate encoding and joint decoding of correlated continuous information sources, subject to a difference distortion measure. We first derive a multiterminal extension of the Shannon lower bound for the rate region. Then we show that this Shannon outer bound is asymptotically tight for small distortions. These results imply that the loss in the sum of the coding rates due to the separation of the encoders vanishes in the limit of high resolution. Furthermore, lattice quantizers followed by Slepian-Wolf lossless encoding are asymptotically optimal. We also investigate the high-resolution rate region in the remote coding case, where the encoders observe only noisy versions of the sources. For the quadratic Gaussian case, we establish a separation result to the effect that multiterminal coding aimed at reconstructing the noisy sources subject to the rate constraints, followed by estimation of the remote sources from these reconstructions, is optimal under certain regularity conditions on the structure of the coding scheme.
Laminarinase from Penicillium funiculosum and its role in release of beta‐glucosidase (1991)

An extracellular laminarinase (1----3)-beta-glucan glucohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.6) was purified from culture filtrates of Penicillium funiculosum. It was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. It had a Mr of 14,000 and isoelectric point of pH 4.2. The apparent Km value for lamimarinase was 8.3 mg/ml and Vmax was 8 mumol/min/mg. The distribution of beta-glucosidase activity in two different species of Penicillium showed that P. funiculosum had a higher ratio of extracellular to cell wall bound activity than Penicillium janthinellum. Treatment of mycelia of both species with NaCl, EDTA, Triton X-100, or proteolytic enzymes did not release the cell wall bound beta-glucosidase. Incubation of the mycelia with the laminarinase released 2-4 times more beta-glucosidase than the estimated cell bound activity in P. janthinellum and P. funiculosum.
Zinc sparks induce physiochemical changes in the egg zona pellucida that prevent polyspermy (2017)

During fertilization or chemically-induced egg activation, the mouse egg releases billions of zinc atoms in brief bursts known as 'zinc sparks.' The zona pellucida (ZP), a glycoprotein matrix surrounding the egg, is the first structure zinc ions encounter as they diffuse away from the plasma membrane. Following fertilization, the ZP undergoes changes described as 'hardening', which prevent multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg and thereby establish a block to polyspermy. A major event in zona hardening is cleavage of ZP2 proteins by ovastacin; however, the overall physiochemical changes contributing to zona hardening are not well understood. Using X-ray fluorescence microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and biological function assays, we tested the hypothesis that zinc release contributes to ZP hardening. We found that the zinc content in the ZP increases by 300% following activation and that zinc exposure modulates the architecture of the ZP matrix. Importantly, zinc-induced structural changes of the ZP have a direct biological consequence; namely, they reduce the ability of sperm to bind to the ZP. These results provide a paradigm-shifting model in which fertilization-induced zinc sparks contribute to the polyspermy block by altering conformations of the ZP matrix. This adds a previously unrecognized factor, namely zinc, to the process of ZP hardening.
Genomic Analysis of hESC Pedigrees Identifies De Novo Mutations and Enables Determination of the Timing and Origin of Mutational Events (2013)

Given the association between mutational load and cancer, the observation that genetic aberrations are frequently found in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is of concern. Prior studies in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown that deletions and regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) tend to arise during reprogramming and early culture, whereas duplications more frequently occur during long-term culture. For the corresponding experiments in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we studied two sets of hESC lines: one including the corresponding parental DNA and the other generated from single blastomeres from four sibling embryos. Here, we show that genetic aberrations observed in hESCs can originate during preimplantation embryo development and/or early derivation. These early aberrations are mainly deletions and LOH, whereas aberrations arising during long-term culture of hESCs are more frequently duplications. Our results highlight the importance of close monitoring of genomic integrity and the development of improved methods for derivation and culture of hPSCs.
Hierarchical LVS based on hierarchy rebuilding (1998)

A new hierarchical layout vs. schematic (LVS) verification system has been developed for layout verification. It compares a hierarchical schematic netlist and a flattened layout netlist. The schematic hierarchy is restructured for consistent hierarchical matching and then the same hierarchy is built from the layout netlist. For efficiency, simple gates are found by using a fast rule-based pattern matching algorithm. Each subcircuit is found from the layout by using a modified SubGemini algorithm in bottom-up fashion. Experimental results show that our hierarchical netlist comparison technique is effective and efficient in CPU time and in memory usage.
A proactive personalised mobile recommendation system using analytic hierarchy process and Bayesian network (2012)

Abstract With the growth, ready availability and affordability of wireless technologies, proactive context-aware recommendations are a potential solution to overcome the information overload and the common limitations of mobile devices (inconvenience of data input and Internet browsing). The automatic provision of just-in-time information or recommendations tailored to each user’s needs/preferences contextualised from the user’s activities, location, usage patterns, time, and connectivity may not only facilitate access to information but also remove barriers to the adoption of current and future services on mobile devices. This paper describes a hybrid P2P context-aware framework called JHPeer which supports a variety of context-aware applications in mobile environments. Any context-aware information services such as recommendation services could use the collected and shared contextual information in JHPeer network. An analytic hierarchy process based multi-criteria ranking (AHP-MCR) approach has been developed and used to rate recommendations in a variety of domains. The weights of the contexts criteria can be assigned by the user or automatically adjusted via individual-based and/or group-based assignment. Additionally, a Bayesian network algorithm is applied to solve the cold-start problem in recommendation systems. The paper also proposes a strategy for using Bayesian networks for recommendation services. A news recommendation application has been implemented on the developed JHPeer framework, which proactively pushes relevant news based on the users’ contextual information. Evaluation studies show that the system can push relevant recommendations to mobile users appropriately.
Hepatocyte growth factor: another ubiquitous cytokine (1993)

Novel growth factors have often been given names which relate to their original site of discovery or their first known target cell or biological action. Subsequent studies have frequently shown such nomenclature to be misleading as more is learned about the factor concerned. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) which in fact act as mitogens for a great variety of cell types and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) which is better recognized as a growth inhibitor are all typical examples. Moreover, in addition to their growth regulatory roles, peptide growth factors also serve to modulate cell differentiation and function. The recently characterized hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) joins this illustrious family of cytokines which have proven rather more versatile than their original descriptive title suggests. Characterization Hepatocyte growth factor was originally identified and characterized by three independent experimental approaches. (a) Michalopoulos described a mitogenic activity in the serum of
Planar trapezoidal and pentagonal monopoles with impedance bandwidths in excess of 10:1 (2003)

A planar disc monopole antenna has been developed for the Japanese TV band (90-770 MHz) in 1991. A model for determining the input impedance of a circular disc monopole has been proposed in 1993. In 1998, a simple formula for predicting the frequency corresponding to the lower edge of the bandwidth was proposed. The planar monopole may be realised by replacing the cylindrical element of a conventional monopole with a planar element.
Characterization of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Binding to Ribosomes (1996)

We have examined the binding of FGF-2 to ribosomes and have found that in NIH 3T3 cells that synthesize high amounts of all FGF-2 forms, both 18 kDa and HMW forms of FGF-2 bind to ribosomes. Ribosomes purified from these cells were treated with RNase or puromycin to identify the binding site of FGF-2 on the ribosome. Neither RNase nor puromycin treatment affected the in vivo binding of FGF-2 to ribosomes suggesting that FGF-2 binds ribosomal protein or rRNA, but not mRNA. The stoichiometry of binding in these cells was approximately 1 FGF-2 molecule bound per 1 ribosome. Binding was unaffected by high salt treatment indicating that FGF-2 tightly associates with polysomes. An in vitro binding experiment performed with purified ribosomes and recombinant FGF-2 suggested that the binding site is saturable. HBNF, a protein with similar charge and size to FGF-2, bound 15-fold less than FGF-2 to purified ribosomes. These results indicate that the binding of FGF-2 to ribosomes is specific.
Bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine photodynamic therapy disrupts redox homeostasis and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells (2017)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically established and highly evolving treatment modality for cancer. PDT utilizes a light responsive drug called photosensitizer that selectively destroys tumor cells upon light irradiation. Squaraines are a class of dyes possessing all favorable characteristics of a photosensitizer and have been considered to be a potent candidate for next generation PDT. In this study we chose an iodo derivative of squaraine called diiodo-squaraine (bis(3, 5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine) which has been reported for its tumor specificity but least studied for its cellular and molecular functions. Our studies revealed that the iodo derivative of squaraine possess maximum photodynamic activity in human breast cancer cells MDA- MB- 231 and had very little cytotoxicity in normal breast cells MCF-10A. We analyzed its pro and anti-apoptotic events initiated by oxidative stress exploring a proteomic approach and delineated other critical molecular pathways and key proteins involved in regulating the complex network of cellular response upon PDT. Our study showed that, diiodo- squaraines predominantly accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our study also reveals the novel mechanistic role of diiodo-squaraines to induce oxidative stress there by activating both protective and death inducing pathways post PDT.