gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complications of Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy for Problematic Hemangioma (1999)

Systemic corticosteroid therapy has been used to treat hemangiomas for 30 years; yet, there are no studies of possible complications. We reviewed the database of the Vascular Anomalies Center at the Boston Children's Hospital and gathered information on short- and long-term side effects in children who were given systemic corticosteroids for problematic hemangiomas. In addition, a questionnaire regarding early and late consequences was sent to the families of children who were treated with corticosteroids from 1983 to 1997. Of 300 patients with hemangiomas, 80 children were identified as having received a full course of systemic corticosteroids for problematic tumors. Complete data were collected on 62 of these children. The response rate to the questionnaire was 78 percent (n = 62 of 80). The initial dose of corticosteroid varied from 2 to 3 mg/kg/ day. Duration of therapy ranged from 2 to 21 months (mean, 7.9 months; median, 6.5 months). The follow-up interval from the cessation of therapy ranged from 6 months to 15 years (mean, 4 years; median, 3 years). Short-term complications included cushingoid facies (n = 44; 71 percent), personality changes (n = 18; 29 percent), gastric irritation (n = 13; 21 percent), fungal (oral or perineal) infection (n = 4; 6 percent), and diminished gain of height (n = 22; 35 percent) and weight (n = 26; 42 percent). A total of 91 percent of children who had diminished gain of height (n = 20) returned to their pretreatment growth curve for height by 24 months of age. One child, who was treated at another institution with a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 6.5 months that was slowly tapered over 18 months, was petite 6 years after ending therapy. Another child treated with an initial dose of 2 mg/kg/day for 5 months was smaller than predicted at the age of 6 years, but she was born prematurely and was on ventilatory support for respiratory distress. Three children treated with the standard dose and duration were at a low percentile for weight 4, 5, and 10 years after the cessation of therapy. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between diminished gain of height with duration of therapy and age at initiation of treatment. One child had corticosteroid myopathy that resolved with cessation of therapy. We found no evidence for immunologic suppression, i.e., there was no increase in the number of bacterial infections during corticosteroid administration. In conclusion, systemic corticosteroids can be safely given to treat endangering hemangiomas in infants at doses of 2 to 3 mg/kg/day, which are slowly tapered and stopped before the age of 1 year. Short-term side effects were minor and transient, and no serious long-term complications occurred.
Eosinophilic cystitis: eight cases report and literature review. (2002)

Historically, eosinophilic cystitis is a rare disorder of bladder inflammation with eosinophils infiltration diagnosed by pathologic examination. The etiology is unclear despite the past identification of many factors contributing to this disease. Eight patients with eosinophilic cystitis were reported. The intact history, clinical manifestation, radiological examination and response to therapy were all evaluated. The results showed that 7 patients developed hematuria, 6 patients were with dysuria, 4 patients with frequency and 4 patients with urine retention. Seven patients had abnormal urinalysis but no positive finding in culture. Radiological findings revealed that one patient had bladder mass lesions and upper urinary tract dilation. Cystoscopic examination was performed in every patient and showed mass-like, edematous, ulcerative or hyperemic mucosa lesions. Cold-cup biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder lesions were all performed and could be the first priority to be considered. However, partial or total cystectomy should be taken into consideration when simple treatment failed to resolve this problem. Additionally, antihistamines, steroids or antibiotics are given to control the clinical symptoms. The results of these treatments were good except for one case who suffered from recurrence but recovered after simple operation and oral therapy. Although good results were found concerning treatment, long-term follow-up is necessary.
Dephosphorization in the early stage of converter steelmaking (2019)

This study focuses on understanding the dephosphorization behaviors in converter steelmaking process under different situations. When controlling the basicity of slag, FetO content and bath temperature by single slag and double slag-slag remaining operation to blow ordinary P-containing hot metal, the equilibrium value of phosphorus ([P]e) between hot metal and slag in the early stage of steelmaking is lower than 0.0068%, and the ratio of actual phosphorus content ([P]r) to equilibrium value ([P]e) is less than 4.6. By using top-blown lime powde, dephosphorization efficiency of high phosphorus hot metal at the early stage was up to 93.8%, and [P]r/[P]e lowered to be 2.24. When lime slagging instead of the top-blown lime powder method was used, the dephosphorization effect is bad in the early stage of blowing the medium phosphorus hot metal by double slag process, and it leads to high material consumption and low productivity.
Absorption of DNA solutions in the 9-12 GHz frequency range (1986)

Исследовано поглощение электромагнитного излучения в диапазоне 9–12 ГГц водными растворами ДНК, выделенной из эритроцитов цыплят и Е. сoli, для нативных макромолекул и фрагментированных ультразвуком и ДНКазой. Во всех случаях, в том числе и в процессе действия ДНКазы, избыточного поглощения растворов ДНК по сравнению с растворителем не обнаружено. Показано, что для корректного анализа диэлектрических свойств раствора необходим строгий учет влияния присутствующих ионов.
Pupil Size in Insulin-dependent Diabetes: Relationship to Duration, Metabolic Control, and Long-Term Manifestations (1982)

The pupil area was measured in complete darkness by infrared TV-videopupillography in 109 insulin-dependent diabetics, aged 25-43 yr, diabetes duration 0-35 yr, and 39 control subjects, aged 26-41 yr. In darkness the pupil was 19.6% +/- 4.2 (SEM) smaller in diabetics than in controls (2 P less than 10(-5). There was an inverse relationship between diabetes duration and pupil area (Kendall's coefficient of correlation, tau = -0.33, 2 P less than 10(-4). There was also an inverse correlation between pupil size and vibratory perception threshold (tau = 0.32, 2 P less than 10(-3). Long-term diabetics (duration greater than or equal to 15 yr) with proliferative retinopathy had a 28.4% +/- 8.1 (SEM) smaller pupil than those without (2 P = less than 10(-3). Likewise, long-term diabetics with nephropathy had a 19.8% +/- 9.1 smaller pupil than those without nephropathy (2 P = 0.035). In the long-term diabetics there was an inverse relationship between the level of blood glucose throughout the years and pupil area (tau = -0.49, 2 P less than 10(-3). Also, high blood glucose levels throughout the years were correlated to severity of retinopathy (tau = 0.43, 2 P less than 10(-3) and nephropathy (tau = 0.30, 2 P = 0.024). There was no correlation between biomicroscopic changes in the iris and the diminished pupil area. Pupil area in light was measured in 85 patients and 31 controls. In continuous light only the long-term diabetics had a smaller pupil size than the controls. Both the absolute and relative change in pupil size from darkness to light was less in the diabetic group. Measuring the pupil size in darkness is a simple, noninvasive and reproducible method that may yield information about autonomic nervous involvement in diabetes.
Ambrisentan Improves Exercise Capacity and Symptoms in Patients with Portopulmonary Hypertension (2011)

The present study demonstrates significant improvement of exercise capacity and clinical symptoms without relevant safety concerns during ambrisentan treatment in patients with PoPH.
Effect of field-dependent diffusion on stable domain propagation in the Gunn effect (1967)

The properties of uniformly propagating stable domains in gallium arsenide are calculated on the basis of recently computed velocity-field and diffusion-field characteristics. The field dependence of the diffusion coefficient makes the domain velocity larger than the electron drift velocity outside the domain. The velocity difference becomes small when the drift velocity approaches its minimum value because the domain leading edge then approaches total depletion. The velocity difference also becomes small when the drift velocity approaches its peak value. This latter behaviour is qualitatively different from that predicted previously and is due to the close proximity of the peaks of the diffusion-coefficient-field and velocity-field characteristics. The maximum velocity difference increases with decreasing resistivity and is about 25% of the drift velocity in 1 Ω cm material. Plots against outside field of domain velocity, width, peak field, potential, and maximum and minimum electron concentrations are given for sample resistivities of 1, 5 and 10 Ω cm.
Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung diseases (GOLD): time to act (2001)

What is global initiative for chronic obstructive lung diseases?In January 1997, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experts from several countries met in Brussels, Belgium to explore the development of a Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD).Representatives of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, USA (NHLBI) and of the World Health Organization (WHO) attended.Participants agreed that the project was timely and important, and recommended the establishment of a panel with expertize on a wide variety of COPDrelated topics to prepare an evidence-based document on diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD as a tool for GOLD.From 1998-2000, the panel members met several times to prepare the document (see further).In 2001, the GOLD initiative was firmly launched in collaboration with NHLBI and WHO.The project was, and continues to be, supported by unrestricted educational grants from a multitude of pharmaceutical companies.The goals of GOLD are to increase awareness of COPD and decrease morbidity and mortality from this disease.GOLD aims to improve prevention and management of COPD through a concerted worldwide effort of people involved in all facets of healthcare and healthcare policy, and to encourage a renewed research interest in this extremely prevalent disease.
A Phase I Study of Oral Topotecan and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil) in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian and Peritoneal Cancer (2008)

Oral topotecan and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin can be combined at doses that are active as monotherapies. However, the overall response rates after monotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer are comparable to or higher than those observed in this phase I study of combination therapy.
Whole Genome Amplification of DNA from Residual Cells Left By Incidental Contact (2003)

Typically, the number of genetic analyses performed on a sample of DNA has been limited by the amount of starting material. For example, the small quantity of DNA obtained from the cells within a fingerprint meant that only a five to ten reactions could be performed off a single sample. We demonstrate a process wherein total genomic DNA is amplified before forensic typing analysis. The process requires as few as 8 cells and produces sufficient material for up to 20,000 subsequent PCR reactions. The technique is particularly useful to enhance current methods of latent print analysis and has been shown to be compatible with common forensic print visualization and removal techniques including dye staining and powders.
Numerical Modeling and Electromagnetic Resonant Modes in Complex Grating Structures and Optoelectronic Device Applications (2005)

An extended surface impedance boundary condition algorithm is developed that allows for the optical properties of a wide variety of complex one-dimensional periodic grating structures to be modeled. Wood-Rayleigh anomalies, diffraction, and electromagnetic resonance modes including horizontally oriented surface plasmons and vertical surface resonances are identified and described as well as analyzing their structural and geometrical dependencies. Methods to combine these modes to produce hybrid modes that channel and localize light are described. Application of these modes to metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PD) is discussed and an example silicon-based MSM-PD with over 30 GHz bandwidth and 0.3 A/W responsivity is described.
Development of a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell at Sanyo (1993)

To increase the output power of planar solid oxide fuel cells, the development of large-sized cells and a stacking technology is necessary; temperature uniformity is also required for manufacturing and operating large-scale stacks. In this study, we investigated the endurance of an 11-cell stack operated for 1000 hrs. We also achieved an output power exceeding 400 W with a 20-cell stack. In addition, we investigated the temperature distribution in these stacks by measuring the temperature of bipolar plates. As a result, we found that, for the endurance of an SOFC stack, it is important to decrease the temperature difference which increases as the stack is enlarged.
Rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cell phenotype is maintained by paracrine and autocrine regulation (2004)

The phenotypic features of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC), open fenestrae in sieve plates and lack of a basement membrane, are lost with capillarization. The current study examines localization of CD31 as a marker for the dedifferentiated, nonfenestrated SEC and examines regulation of SEC phenotype in vitro. CD31 localization in SEC was examined by confocal microscopy and immunogold-scanning electron microscopy. SEC cultured for 1 day express CD31 in the cytoplasm, whereas after 3 days, CD31 is also expressed on cell-cell junctions. Immunogold-scanning electron microscopy confirmed the absence of CD31 surface expression on fenestrated SEC 1 day after isolation and demonstrated the appearance of CD31 surface expression on SEC that had lost fenestration after 3 days in culture. SEC isolated from fibrotic liver do show increased expression of CD31 on the cell surface. Coculture with either hepatocytes or stellate cells prevents CD31 surface expression, and this effect does not require heterotypic contact. The paracrine effect of hepatocytes or stellate cells on SEC phenotype is abolished with anti-VEGF antibody and is reproduced by addition of VEGF to SEC cultured alone. VEGF stimulates SEC production of nitric oxide. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester blocked the paracrine effect of hepatocytes or stellate cells on SEC phenotype and blocked the ability of VEGF to preserve the phenotype of SEC cultured alone. In conclusion, surface expression of CD31 is a marker of a dedifferentiated, nonfenestrated SEC. The VEGF-mediated paracrine effect of hepatocytes or stellate cells on maintenance of SEC phenotype requires autocrine production of nitric oxide by SEC.
Genome-Wide Analyses of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Gene Expression Responsive to the BaeSR Two-Component Regulatory System (2005)

The BaeSR two-component regulatory system controls expression of exporter genes conferring drug resistance in Escherichia coli (S. Nagakubo, K. Nishino, T. Hirata, and A. Yamaguchi, J. Bacteriol. 184:4161-4167, 2002; N. Baranova and H. Nikaido, J. Bacteriol. 184:4168-4176, 2002). To understand the whole picture of BaeSR regulation, a DNA microarray analysis of the effect of BaeR overproduction was performed. BaeR overproduction activated 59 genes related to two-component signal transduction, chemotactic responses, flagellar biosynthesis, maltose transport, and multidrug transport, and BaeR overproduction also repressed the expression of the ibpA and ibpB genes. All of the changes in the expression levels were also observed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The expression levels of 15 of the 59 BaeR-activated genes were decreased by deletion of baeSR. Of 11 genes induced by indole (a putative inducer of the BaeSR system), 10 required the BaeSR system for induction. Combination of the expression data sets revealed a BaeR-binding site sequence motif, 5'-TTTTTCTCCATDATTGGC-3' (where D is G, A, or T). Several genes up-regulated by BaeR overproduction, including genes for maltose transport, chemotactic responses, and flagellar biosynthesis, required an intact PhoBR or CreBC two-component regulatory system for up-regulation. These data indicate that there is cross-regulation among the BaeSR, PhoBR, and CreBC two-component regulatory systems. Such a global analysis should reveal the regulatory network of the BaeSR system.
Implementing an audio multipoint processor on DSP array (2002)

ITU-T H.323 covers the technical requirements for multimedia communications systems in those situations where the underlying transport is a packet based network. The multipoint control unit (MCU) provides the capability for three or more terminals and gateways to participate in a multipoint conference. The Multipoint processor (MP) provides for the centralized processing of audio, video, and/or data streams in a multipoint conference. The MP provides for the mixing, switching, or other processing of media streams under the control of the multipoint controller (MC). The authors have designed an audio MP based on DSP array for a multipoint conference. Many DSPs work in parallel, implementing a multichannel G.723.1 CODEC, so that many remote terminals can access the videoconference through a narrow-band network. It is a cost efficient solution.
Terahertz imaging employing graphene modulator arrays (2013)

In this paper we propose and experimentally demonstrate arrays of graphene electro-absorption modulators as electrically reconfigurable patterns for terahertz cameras. The active element of these modulators consists of only single-atom-thick graphene, achieving a modulation of the THz wave reflectance > 50% with a potential modulation depth approaching 100%. Although the prototype presented here only contains 4x4 pixels, it reveals the possibility of developing reliable low-cost video-rate THz imaging systems employing single detector.
Cooperative DNA binding of the bovine papillomavirus E2 transcriptional activator is antagonized by truncated E2 polypeptides (1993)

Cooperative DNA binding of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E2 transcriptional activator (E2-TA) is thought to play a role in the transcriptional synergism of multiple E2-responsive DNA elements (J. Ham, N. Dostatni, J.-M. Gauthier, and M. Yaniv, Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:440-444, 1991). Binding-equilibrium considerations show that such involvement is unlikely, thereby suggesting that the E2-TA cooperative capacity may have evolved to play other, different roles. The role of cooperative interactions in the antagonistic activity of BPV-1-positive and BPV-1-negative E2 regulatory proteins was investigated by an in vitro quantitative gel shift assay. Viral repressor E2-TR, a truncated peptide encompassing the activator DNA-binding domain, possesses a small but measurable cooperative capacity. Furthermore, the minimal E2 DNA-binding domain interacts with the activator in a positive, heterocooperative manner. As a result, the in vitro competition of full-length and truncated E2 peptides appears to be (macroscopically) noncooperative. This heterocooperative effect is probably dominant in latently infected G0-G1 cells, in which repressor E2-TR is 10- to 20-fold more abundant than the activator. The data are discussed considering the possible role of homo- and heterocooperative DNA binding in E2-conditional gene expression.
Effects of sodium butyrate, dimethylsulfoxide and dibutyryl cAMP on the poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line AMOC-2. (1993)

To determine whether the poorly differentiated AMOC-2 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line was capable of undergoing differentiation, AMOC-2 cells were exposed to 2 mM sodium butyrate, 2.5% dimethylsulfoxide, or 4 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) for 6 days. These treatments resulted in growth inhibition, a reduction in clonogenicity and an increase in cellular glycogen content. Significant increases in heat stable alkaline phosphatase activity also occurred after exposure to sodium butyrate. In addition, a thorn-like microfilament structure observed in untreated cells was diminished concomitantly with morphological changes that included flattening, enlargement and extended cytoplasmic processes after exposure to sodium butyrate or dibutyryl cAMP. Furthermore, treatment with sodium butyrate increased the intracellular concentrations of beta-tubulin, vimentin, neurofilaments (M(r) 210,000) and cytokeratin (M(r) 56,000-58,000). These changes were completely reversed after removal of the inducing agent. The findings suggest that treatment of AMOC-2 cells with sodium butyrate induced a more differentiated phenotype, although terminal differentiation was not achieved.
An efficient Ag–ionomer interface for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (2012)

An efficient Ag-phosphonium ionomer interface is discovered in HEMFCs, helping enhance oxygen reduction and improve mass transports simultaneously. As a result, a completely-precious-metal-free HEMFC has been fabricated, which shows a cost-normalized power much higher than that of a Pt-based PEMFC benchmark (117 vs. 7.7 W US$(-1)).
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A CELL‐FREE, HORMONALLY RESPONSIVE ADENYLATE CYCLASE FROM GUINEA PIG BRAIN<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Abstract —The accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was studied in cell‐free homogenates of guinea pig brain. Homogenates, prepared in Krebs‐Ringer buffer, responded markedly to the addition of neurohormones with an increased rate of cyclic AMP synthesis; preparations from cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus responded to a degree approximating that achieved with slices of these areas of guinea pig brain. Adenylatc cyclase activity was seen only when cyclic AMP was measured by a [ 3 H]adenine prelabelling technique or when total cyclic AMP was measured by radioimmunoassay; [ 32 P]ATP did not serve as a substrate for this preparation of the enzyme. The adenylate cyclase was paniculate and required a Krebs Ringer buffer; use of tris, or tris with Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , resulted in a preparation totally devoid of hormonal stimulation. Digestion by purified beef heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, Dowex chromatography, solubility in Ba(OH) 2 ‐ZnSO 4 mixtures, and two thin layer chromatographic systems demonstrated that the product of the hormonally stimulated adenylate cyclase preparation was cyclic AMP. The selectivity of hormonal stimulation and the adrenergic character of the hormonal receptors from different brain areas were maintained in the cell‐free preparation. However, simultaneous stimulation with two different neurohormones resulted in additive responses, rather than in the potentiation observed in preparations of slices of brain.
Topical Retinoids in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (2008)

Topical retinoids are highly effective in the treatment of both comedonal and inflammatory lesions of acne and are a vital part of almost any acne regimen. A better understanding of the structure and function of this class of medications has led to better outcomes in treatments of patients with acne. In this article, the structure and function of retinoids is first reviewed. Then, the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of each of the available topical retinoid formulations is summarized.