gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
eVTOL Arrival Sequencing and Scheduling for On-Demand Urban Air Mobility (2018)

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has the ability to reduce ground traffic congestion by enabling rapid on-demand flight through three-dimensional airspace with zero operational emissions by using electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles. In the long term with more UAM flights, air traffic control is expected to limit further growth of such operations. Therefore, a first research has been performed on energy-efficient trajectory optimisation for a given required time of arrival, as the arrival phase is the most safety-critical flight phase with much higher air traffic density and limited battery energy. However, research on the computation of the optimal required time of arrival (RTA) for eVTOL aircraft has not yet been performed. Unlike fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters in commercial aviation, eVTOL aircraft have different flight dynamics, limited battery energy supply and a limited number of landing spots at a vertiport such as the top of high-rise buildings. This work is the first to utilise a mixed-integer linear program that computes the optimal RTAs for eVTOLs to safely separate them for minimum delay based on remaining battery state of charge and vertiport capacity. A concept of operations for vertiport terminal area airspace design is also proposed while making use of the existing energy-efficient trajectory optimisation tool. The research serves as a basis for further development of safe and efficient UAM operations. The mathematical model can also be applied to Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) by inserting new separation requirements and flight dynamics for smaller drones when optimising a high density arrival terminal airspace.
Voice Evaluation (2015)

음성검사법의 종류를 어떻게 분류 하느냐에 대해서는 여러 가지 의견들이 있으나, 목소리를 만드는 기관 또는 만들어진 목소리에서 어떤 부분들을 알아보고자 하느냐에 따라 분류를 하는 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 음성검사를 후두의 전반적인 상태를 보고자 하는 이학적 검사, 성대점막의 움직임을 알아보는 성대진동검사, 폐로부터 만들어진 공기가 성대를 통과하면서 얼마나 효율적으로 공기들이 이용되는지를 알아보는 공기역학적 검사, 검사자가 목소리를 듣고 주관적으로 평가하는 청 지각검사, 목소리의 음향학적 요소를 분석하는 음향학적 검사 그리고 발성과 관련된 신경과 근육의 상태를 알아보는 신경생리학적 검사로 크게 분류해서 생각하면 음성검사라는 것을 보다 쉽게 이해할 수 있다. 또한 이와 같은 다양한 검사들은 단독으로 시행되기 보다는 묶음의 형태로 시행할 때 음성기능과 관련된 미세한 변화에 대하여 보다 의미 있는 개관적 자료를 얻어낼 수 있다.1,2)
DNA sequence and characterization of GcvA, a LysR family regulatory protein for the Escherichia coli glycine cleavage enzyme system (1994)

The gene encoding GcvA, the trans-acting regulatory protein for the Escherichia coli glycine cleavage enzyme system, has been sequenced. The gcvA locus contains an open reading frame of 930 nucleotides that could encode a protein with a molecular mass of 34.4 kDa, consistent with the results of minicell analysis indicating that GcvA is a polypeptide of approximately 33 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of GcvA revealed that this protein shares similarity with the LysR family of activator proteins. The transcription start site was found to be 72 bp upstream of the presumed translation start site. A chromosomal deletion of gcvA resulted in the inability of cells to activate the expression of a gcvT-lacZ gene fusion when grown in the presence of glycine and an inability to repress gcvT-lacZ expression when grown in the presence of inosine. The regulation of gcvA was examined by constructing a gcvA-lacZ gene fusion in which beta-galactosidase synthesis is under the control of the gcvA regulatory region. Although gcvA expression appears to be autogenously regulated over a two- to threefold range, it is neither induced by glycine nor repressed by inosine.
Algorithm implementation for iris identification (2005)

This paper presents an architecture dedicated to iris identification based on wavelet packet analysis and its implementation on SoPC. The identification algorithm starts with iris capture, localization and unwrapping. Then a signature is extracted thanks to wavelet packet decomposition. Two packets are enough for signature encoding. Finally, the signature is compared to a database for matching. The complete algorithm is implemented on a SoPC which is composed by a NIOS processor and some hardware IP.
Habits, action sequences and reinforcement learning (2012)

It is now widely accepted that instrumental actions can be either goal-directed or habitual; whereas the former are rapidly acquired and regulated by their outcome, the latter are reflexive, elicited by antecedent stimuli rather than their consequences. Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides an elegant description of goal-directed action. Through exposure to states, actions and rewards, the agent rapidly constructs a model of the world and can choose an appropriate action based on quite abstract changes in environmental and evaluative demands. This model is powerful but has a problem explaining the development of habitual actions. To account for habits, theorists have argued that another action controller is required, called model-free RL, that does not form a model of the world but rather caches action values within states allowing a state to select an action based on its reward history rather than its consequences. Nevertheless, there are persistent problems with important predictions from the model; most notably the failure of model-free RL correctly to predict the insensitivity of habitual actions to changes in the action-reward contingency. Here, we suggest that introducing model-free RL in instrumental conditioning is unnecessary, and demonstrate that reconceptualizing habits as action sequences allows model-based RL to be applied to both goal-directed and habitual actions in a manner consistent with what real animals do. This approach has significant implications for the way habits are currently investigated and generates new experimental predictions.
Low temperature silicon epitaxy in an ultrahigh vacuum rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor using disilane (1993)

Epitaxial silicon films have been deposited by a new technique which combines an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment with rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD). The technique is referred to as UHV/RTCVD. Using Si2H6, B2H6, and H2 as process gases, low temperature (T≤800 °C) and high throughput (growth rate ≳0.25 μm/min) processing have been achieved in the 90 mTorr (1 Pa=133.32 Torr) total pressure regime. Epitaxial growth was achieved on hydrogen passivated silicon surfaces without using a high temperature in situ clean. Effect of the growth temperature on the generation lifetime of the films grown on 4–11 Ω cm (100) silicon substrates was studied at three different temperatures of 700, 750, and 800 °C using the Zerbst technique. The epitaxial films were in situ doped with boron to a doping level of 1–2×1016 cm−3. Generation lifetimes, as high as 400 μs, were measured with no strong dependence on the growth temperature. Chemical purity of the films was studied using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, which indicated low oxygen and carbon levels on the order of 1017 cm −3.
An innovative design for using flexible printed coils for magnetostrictive-based longitudinal guided wave sensors in steel strand inspection (2011)

Magnetostrictive sensors (MsSs) that can excite and receive guided waves are commonly used in detecting defects that may occur in cables and strands for supporting heavy structures. A conventional MsS has a hard sensing coil that is wound onto a bobbin with electric wires to generate the necessary dynamic magnetic field to excite the desired guided waves. This tailor-made hard coil is usually bulky and is not flexible enough to fit steel strands of various sizes. The conventional MsS also cannot be mounted to any steel strand that does not have a free end to allow the bobbin to pass through the structure of the tested strand. Such inflexibilities limit the use of conventional MsSs in practical situations. To solve these limitations, an innovative type of coil, called a flexible printed coil (FPC), which is made out of flexible printed film, has been designed to replace the inflexible hard coil. The flexible structure of the FPC ensures that the new MsS can be easily installed on and removed from steel strands with different diameters and without free ends. Moreover, the FPC-based MsS can be wrapped into multiple layers due to its thin and flexible design. Although multi-layer FPC creates a minor asymmetry in the dynamic magnetic field, the results of finite element analysis and experiments confirm that the longitudinal guided waves excited by a FPC-based MsS are comparable to those excited by a conventional hard coil MsS. No significant reduction in defect inspection performance was found; in fact, further advantages were identified when using the FPC-based MsS. When acting as the transmitter, the innovative FPC-based MsS can cover a longer inspection length of strand. When acting as the receiver, the FPC-based MsS is more sensitive to smaller defects that are impossible to detect using a hard coil MsS. Hence, the multi-layer FPC-based MsS has great potential for replacing the conventional hard coil MsS because of its convenient installation, and ease of fitting to different strand diameters; it is smaller, and, most importantly, performs much better in strand defect detection.
Characterization of Bouveret's Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of 128 Cases (2006)

The following endoscopic findings are suggestive of Bouveret's syndrome: a dilated stomach containing old digested food from gastrointestinal obstruction together with a hard and nonfleshy mass at the obstruction. These endoscopic findings, in the setting of the currently reported characteristic epidemiologic and clinical findings, should strongly suggest this syndrome. Abdominal ultrasound or computerized tomography is recommended to confirm and extend the endoscopic diagnosis.
Experimental Results from the Active Aeroelastic Wing Wind Tunnel Test Program (2005)

The Active Aeroelastic Wing (AAW) program is a cooperative effort among NASA, the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Boeing Company, encompassing flight testing, wind tunnel testing and analyses. The objective of the AAW program is to investigate the improvements that can be realized by exploiting aeroelastic characteristics, rather than viewing them as a detriment to vehicle performance and stability. To meet this objective, a wind tunnel model was crafted to duplicate the static aeroelastic behavior of the AAW flight vehicle. The model was tested in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel in July and August 2004. The wind tunnel investigation served the program goal in three ways. First, the wind tunnel provided a benchmark for comparison with the flight vehicle and various levels of theoretical analyses. Second, it provided detailed insight highlighting the effects of individual parameters upon the aeroelastic response of the AAW vehicle. This parameter identification can then be used for future aeroelastic vehicle design guidance. Third, it provided data to validate scaling laws and their applicability with respect to statically scaled aeroelastic models.
Nerve Growth Factor Signals through TrkA, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, and Rac1 to Inactivate RhoA during the Initiation of Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells (2002)

In PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells, nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation is blocked by constitutively active dominant mutants of RhoA but augmented by negative ones, suggesting a not yet elucidated inhibitory signaling link between NGF receptors and RhoA. Here we show that NGF treatment rapidly translocates RhoA from the plasma membrane to the cytosol and simultaneously decreases RhoA affinity to its target Rho-associated kinase (ROK), a key mediator of neurite outgrowth. This effect was transient, because after 2 days of NGF treatment, RhoA relocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, and its GTP loading returned to a level found in undifferentiated cells. Inhibition of RhoA is mediated by activation of the TrkA receptor, because NGF failed to induce RhoA translocation and inhibition of ROK binding in nnr5 cells that lack TrkA, whereas the inhibition was reconstituted in receptor add-back B5 cells. In MM17-26 cells, which due to expression of dominant negative Ras do not differentiate, NGF-stimulated transient RhoA inhibition was unaffected. The inhibitory pathway from TrkA to RhoA involves phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), because the inhibitors LY294002 or wortmannin prevented NGF-induced RhoA translocation and increased RhoA association with ROK. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K significantly reduced NGF- mediated Rac1 activation, whereas dominant negative Rac1 abolished the inhibitory signaling to RhoA. Taken together, these data indicate that NGF-mediated activation of TrkA receptor stimulates PI3K, which in turn increases Rac1 activity to induce transient RhoA inactivation during the initial phase of neurite outgrowth.
Migrating a Single-core AUTOSAR Application to a Multi-core Platform: Challenges, Strategies and Recommendations (2017)

As performance requirements on automotive Electronic Control Units (ECU) increase, multi-core hardware is becoming more common. Due to increasing complexity of automotive software, a group of vehicle manufacturers specified a standard called Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR). Since 2009, AUTOSAR supports multi-core platforms. The single- to multi-core transition does not come without challenges, however. An AUTOSAR software stack consists of Basic Software (BSW), which is essentially the OS and the drivers, and the Application Software (ASW), which is the automotive application functionality. Both should be parallelized in order to fully utilize multi-core hardware. The automotive industry is highly reliant on legacy software that is thoroughly proven and tested. This software eventually needs to be adapted and migrated to multi-core platforms to enable the vehicle manufacturers to add more functionality, e.g., active safety and autonomous driving, without increasing system complexity to unacceptable levels. This thesis describes the migration process, both in theory and practice. We have surveyed recent research as well as worked with migration of a real-world AUTOSAR-based system. We found that the AUTOSAR-compliant OS significantly deviates from the AUTOSAR standard, with respect to multi-core support. It was concluded that most current strategies for multi-core migration cannot be used without modifications, due to these deviations. Finally, we suggest an approach for multi-core migration, where the legacy program execution order is preserved, which should be evaluated in future work.
Radar waveform synthesis for exciting single‐mode backscatters from a sphere and application for target discrimination (1982)

A new scheme for radar detection and discrimination, the radar waveform synthesis method, is investigated for a spherical target. This scheme consists of synthesizing a waveform for the incident radar signal which excites the target in such a way that the return signal from the target consists of only a single natural mode of that target in the late‐time period. When the incident waveform synthesized to excite a particular natural mode of a known, preselected target is applied to a wrong target, the return signal will be significantly different from that of the expected natural mode; thus the wrong target can be sensitively discriminated. An approximate impulse response of a sphere is obtained by summing up an infinite number of natural modes of the sphere based on the singularity expansion method. Required incident signals for exciting various single‐mode backscatters from the sphere are obtained. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate target discrimination sensitivity based on this method.
Non-invasive Blue Intra-tissue Refractive Index Shaping (IRIS) in living, excised cornea (2010)

Nanojoule blue femtosecond laser pulses were used for micromachining in living corneal tissue kept alive in Optisol-GS. Refractive index changes of 0.021 to 0.037 were obtained without causing cell death.
Simulating Quantum Computers Using OpenCL (2018)

Quantum computing is an emerging technology, promising a paradigm shift in computing, and allowing for speedups in many different problems. However, quantum devices are still in their early stages, most with only a small number qubits. This places a reliance on simulation to develop quantum algorithms and to verify these devices. While there exists many algorithms for the simulation of quantum circuits, there is (at the time of writing) no tools which use OpenCL to parallelize this simulation, thereby taking advantage of devices such as GPUs while still remaining portable. In this paper, such a tool is described, including optimizations in areas such as gate application. This leads to a new approach that outperforms other popular state vector based simulators. An implementation of the proposed simulator is available at https://qcgpu.github.io.
Spectrum of renal abnormalities in acquired immune-deficiency syndrome. (1985)

Data from 27 patients with acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) managed at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center since 1982 were extracted from medical records. Functional renal insufficiency occurred with considerable frequency among the AIDS patients. In contrast renal function was stable in the ARC patients studied. The majority of the AIDS patients exhibited persistent or transient proteinuria. Hematuria, leukocyturia, bacteruria, and nonvenereal urinary tract infections were seen with considerable frequency among AIDS patients and much less frequently among ARC patients. Similarly various disorders of fluids, electrolytes, acid base and abnormal phosphorus and calcium levels were common among AIDS patients and uncommon among ARC patients. These observations point to the prevalence and significance of the renal and associated abnormalities in acquired immune-deficiency syndrome.
CORRESPONDENCE - Thermodynamics in Hydrocarbon Research (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCORRESPONDENCE - Thermodynamics in Hydrocarbon ResearchCharles L. Thomas, Gustaf Egloff, J. C. Morrell, and Georg SchultzeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1938, 30, 7, 842Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50343a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50343a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Adopting Selected Hydrogen Bonding and Ionic Interactions from<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>Phytase Structure Improves the Thermostability of<i>Aspergillus niger</i>PhyA Phytase (2007)

Although it has been widely used as a feed supplement to reduce manure phosphorus pollution of swine and poultry, Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase is unable to withstand heat inactivation during feed pelleting. Crystal structure comparisons with its close homolog, the thermostable Aspergillus fumigatus phytase (Afp), suggest associations of thermostability with several key residues (E35, S42, R168, and R248) that form a hydrogen bond network in the E35-to-S42 region and ionic interactions between R168 and D161 and between R248 and D244. In this study, loss-of-function mutations (E35A, R168A, and R248A) were introduced singularly or in combination into seven mutants of Afp. All seven mutants displayed decreases in thermostability, with the highest loss (25% [P<0.05]) in the triple mutant (E35A R168A R248A). Subsequently, a set of corresponding substitutions were introduced into nine mutants of PhyA to strengthen the hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. While four mutants showed improved thermostability, the best response came from the quadruple mutant (A58E P65S Q191R T271R), which retained 20% greater (P<0.05) activity after being heated at 80 degrees C for 10 min and had a 7 degrees C higher melting temperature than that of wild-type PhyA. This study demonstrates the functional importance of the hydrogen bond network and ionic interaction in supporting the high thermostability of Afp and the feasibility of adopting these structural units to improve the thermostability of a homologous PhyA phytase.
Distinctive features of degenerating <scp>P</scp>urkinje cells in spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (2013)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31) is an autosomal dominant form of pure cerebellar ataxia that is caused by a disease-specific insertion containing penta-nucleotide repeats (TGGAA)n . Neuropathologically, cerebellar Purkinje cells are preferentially affected and reduced in number in SCA31, and they are often surrounded by halo-like amorphous materials. In the present study, we performed neuropathological analyses on two SCA31 brains, and discussed the serial morphological changes of Purkinje cells in SCA31.We found that bent, elongated, often folded nuclei were observed frequently in degenerating Purkinje cells with the halo-like structure. Conversely, Purkinje cells without this structure developed marked atrophy with severely slender and condensed nuclei. On the basis of these pathological findings, we propose two different processes for Purkinje cell degeneration in SCA31, namely, shrinkage of Purkinje cells with or without the halo-like amorphous materials. The former, but not the latter, was considered to be specific to SCA31. Correspondingly, fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus was observed more frequently in Purkinje cells with the halo-like structure than in those without this structure. We consider that the profound nuclear deformity and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus are closely linked with the formation of the halo-like structure in SCA31.
High Activity Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts from Additive-Controlled Electrodeposited Ni and NiFe Films (2015)

Electrodeposition of Ni or NiFe films exhibiting fractal-like behavior from plating baths containing an inhibitor, such as 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DAT), is found to yield oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for alkaline solutions exhibiting high current densities (100 mA/cm2), high mass activity (∼1200 A/g of catalyst), high stability (>72 h), and low overpotentials (∼300 mV). By changing electrodeposition time, the activity of the catalyst can be tuned, with longer times yielding higher activities. The electrodeposition method works with any conductive substrate yielding unprecedented performance and providing an easy route to high activity catalysts.