gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Defense Responses in Cucumber Plants ( <i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) by the Biocontrol Agent <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> (1999)

ABSTRACT The potential of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum T-203 to trigger plant defense responses was investigated by inoculating roots of cucumber seedlings with Trichoderma in an aseptic, hydroponic system. Trichoderma -treated plants were more developed than nontreated plants throughout the experiment. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections from Trichoderma -treated roots revealed penetration of Trichoderma into the roots, restricted mainly to the epidermis and outer cortex. Strengthening of the epidermal and cortical cell walls was observed, as was the deposition of newly formed barriers. These typical host reactions were found beyond the sites of potential fungal penetration. Wall appositions contained large amounts of callose and infiltrations of cellulose. The wall-bound chitin in Trichoderma hyphae was preserved, even when the hyphae had undergone substantial disorganization. Biochemical analyses revealed that inoculation with Trichoderma initiated increased peroxidase and chitinase activities within 48 and 72 h, respectively. These results were observed for both the roots and the leaves of treated seedlings, providing evidence that T. harzianum may induce systemic resistance mechanisms in cucumber plants.
Use of Galactosylated-Streptavidin as a Clearing Agent with <sup>111</sup> In-Labeled, Biotinylated Antibodies to Enhance Tumor/Non-Tumor Localization Ratios (2002)

Optimal tumor imaging using radiolabeled antibodies (Abs) depends on obtaining the highest possible tumor/non-tumor localization ratios. To increase this ratio, in a mouse xenograft model system, we induced rapid blood clearance of the Ab after extensive penetration of a solid tumor, at 24 hr after Ab injection. By using galactosylated streptavidin (gal-SA) as a clearing agent for biotinylated Abs, and by using an 111In-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) label, clearance was directed to hepatocytes (as opposed to Kupffer cells), and the radiolabel was excreted by the hepatocytes into bile, thereby reducing accumulation in the liver. In this study, we directly compared this approach with the use of 99mTc-F(ab)2 fragments, using the same Ab to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), with a colon carcinoma xenograft. The gal-SA clearance method produced substantially higher tumor/non-tumor localization ratios for all tissues except the liver, and even for the liver the disadvantage of the gal-SA clearance method was small. We also tested the gal-SA clearance method with a xenograft model of human B-cell lymphoma, using anti-CD22. High tumor/non-tumor ratios were obtained, as previously described with carcinomas of the lung and colon. Therefore, this approach appears to be a generally applicable strategy to obtain relatively high tumor/non-tumor ratios.
Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mediates the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (2015)

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used as seed cells in studies of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, their clinical application is limited due to replicative senescence. It has been demonstrated that telomerase expression extends the lifespan and maintains the bone-forming ability of MSCs; however, the detailed role and the underlying molecular mechanisms in MSCs remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that senescence was associated with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression, and telomere length and telomerase activity. We established a short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting hTERT and a gene expression vector carrying hTERT and transfected these into the MSCs to investigate the detailed role and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of hTERT in MSCs. We found that the downregulation of hTERT by siRNA markedly decreased telomere length and telomerase activity in the MSCs, whereas the overexpression of hTERT increased telomere length and telomerase activity in the MSCs. The downregulation of hTERT inhibited cell proliferation and promoted the senescence and apoptosis of MSCs, whereas the upregulation of hTERT increased cell proliferation and decreased the senescence and apoptosis of MSCs. Of note, we also found that the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was mediated by hTERT and that blocking this pathway using LY294002 inhibited hTERT expression, induced senescence and decreased the proliferation of MSCs. These findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of hTERT, indicating that hTERT mediates the senescence of MSCs through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
[A complex medical rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease underwent coronary shunting using air-ozone baths]. (2009)

Ozone therapeutics is one of not medicated methods of treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). For external application of ozone therapeutics was elaborated an air-ozone bath. Endurance of procedure is 20 minutes, ozone concentration is 8-10 mg/l in ozonized water and temperature of air-ozone mix is 36 degrees C. Course of treatment consisted of 10 daily procedures. Searches are founded on the base of analyze of results of remedial treatment of 160 patients with CHD. Patient--men, aged from 41 to 65 years (average age is 55,6 +/- 5,6). 130 patients of them, underwent an operation of coronary shunting (CS), admitted to unit on 7-18th day after operation (in average--on 14,4 +/- 3,6th) and 30 patients without operational treatment. Program of patient observe consisted of general-clinical, laboratorial, functional and psychological methods of searches. It was established that using of air-ozone bath in complex program of rehabilitation of patients with CHD, after operation of CS, promotes to improvement of oxygen transporting, flow characteristics of blood, microcirculation, lowering of hypoxemia and hypoxia of tissue.
New Auto-Attenuator Controller for WLAN 802.11 b/g Repeater in WAP (2007)

A new low-noise, low-insertion-loss and high accuracy automatic-attenuator controller (AAC) to unify a constant power level into WLAN 802.11 b/g repeater is proposed. With the capability of self-detecting the output power of wireless access point, a feature of limiting the power rating to 802.11 b/g repeater is implemented. To serve equalization and prevent overloading for higher throughput, a regulated output power 5 dBm is set over the input power range 8-18 dBm while return loss is less than 3.5 dB at the center frequency 2.45 GHz.
Fluorescence polarization and intensity kinetic studies of antifluorescein antibody obtained at different stages of the immune response (1975)

Kinetic studies of reactions between fluorescein and antifluorescein antibody produced during early, intermediate, and late stages of the immune response have been carried out utilizing both fluorescence intensity and polarization measurements in the static (time constant similar to 5 sec) and in the stopped-flow modes (time constant similar to 5 msec). During maturation of the immune response, it was found that the "on" second-order association rate constant increased its value only by a factor of three, whereas the "off" dissociation first-order rate constant decreased by a factor of over 1000. Hence, it is the rate of dissociation which largely determines the stability of the hapten-antihapten complex. Furthermore, since second-order rate behavior was found for even heterogeneous antibody, most of the heterogeneity with respect to binding affinity occurs as a result of the heterogeneity in the rate of dissociation of the hapten-antihapten complex and not from the primary combination of hapten and antibody. Antifluorescein antibody which exhibits both high binding affinity (K similar to 5 x 10(11) M-1) and homogeneity with respect to equilibrium binding has been shown to obey second-order association kinetics over wide ranges in concentration. Despite the fact that the value of the second-order rate constant for this fluorescein-antifluorescein reaction is as large as that for most other hapten-antihapten reactions (1.4 x 10(8) M-1 sec-1), the binding reaction has an appreciable activation energy (7 kcal/mol). This is true for both divalent and univalent antibody. Furthermore, the reaction rate parameters are markedly affected by specific anions. The value of the second-order rate constant (18.5 degrees) increases according to the following scheme: salicylate less than trichloroacetate less than SCN- less than ClO4- less than Cl- less than F- less than phosphate. The activation energy increases as follows: trichloroacetate less than phosphate less than F- less than Cl- less than ClO4- less than SCN- less than salicylate, whereas estimates of the entropy of activation indicate that deltaS++ increases as follows: tricholroacetate less than phosphate similar to F- less than Cl- less than ClO4- less than SCN- less than salicylate. The same mechanism which was previously proposed by us for the antigen-antibody reaction is also consistent with the kinetics of the fluorescein-antifluorescein reaction. This mechanism postulates a bimolecular process with structural rearrangements (conformational changes and/or the loss of water) in the formation of the transition state complex. The reaction between the fluorescein hapten and its antibody hence is not diffusion limited.
Calcium release channel RyR2 regulates insulin release and glucose homeostasis (2015)

The type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is a Ca2+ release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of several types of cells, including cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β cells. In cardiomyocytes, RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release is critical for excitation-contraction coupling; however, a functional role for RyR2 in β cell insulin secretion and diabetes mellitus remains controversial. Here, we took advantage of rare RyR2 mutations that were identified in patients with a genetic form of exercise-induced sudden death (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia [CPVT]). As these mutations result in a "leaky" RyR2 channel, we exploited them to assess RyR2 channel function in β cell dynamics. We discovered that CPVT patients with mutant leaky RyR2 present with glucose intolerance, which was heretofore unappreciated. In mice, transgenic expression of CPVT-associated RyR2 resulted in impaired glucose homeostasis, and an in-depth evaluation of pancreatic islets and β cells from these animals revealed intracellular Ca2+ leak via oxidized and nitrosylated RyR2 channels, activated ER stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased fuel-stimulated insulin release. Additionally, we verified the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ leak in CPVT-associated RyR2-expressing mice, in human islets from diabetic patients, and in an established murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taken together, our data indicate that RyR2 channels play a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
Comment on: Central neuropathic itch from spinal-cord cavernous hemangioma: A human case, a possible animal model, and hypotheses about pathogenesis, Dey et al., Pain 113 (2005) 233–237 (2005)

Comprehensive Center for Pain Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 352 392 4081; fax: +1 352 392 3031. E-mail: [email protected]
Visual Servoing for UAVs (2010)

In this chapter, we have presented some of the techniques used for real time visual servoing on UAVs. These techniques includes visual algorithms for features detection and tracking, pose estimation, visual and pose based control systems, and fuzzy controllers, using them to increase the capabilities of UAVs in situations like object tracking, low altitude tasks such as: positioning and landing. The methods explained have been integrated in a UAV control architecture, forming both, visual and pose based control systems, that have been tested on real UAV flights, showing the advantages of using visual systems on this kind of robots. Additional examples and videos of the visual systems and process presented in this chapter are available at the Colibri Project web page COLIBRI (2009)
Cross-Platform Development: Software that Lasts (2006)

The design of software that is easy to port or deliberately targeted for multiple platforms is a neglected area of software engineering. A promising solution is to link components and toolkits through XML and reflection. One of the more compelling definitions of software engineering is, the multiperson construction of multiversion software. The popular view of software engineering focuses on the first part of this definition - managing teams to produce a large product. But just as important is the view inherent in the second part of the definition - identifying specific parts of a product so that experts can design them and organizations can mass-produce them free of language and environment dependencies. Component-based software engineering has made tremendous strides toward satisfying both parts of the definition. Through the use of middleware constructed using reflection and controlled through XML specifications, it is possible to give the components in a large software system a high degree of platform and even language independence. The result is long lived software that can migrate gracefully as platforms improve and change
Development and characterisation of a high aspect ratio vertical FET sensor for motion detection (2004)

In this paper the development, the fabrication and the experimental characterisation of a novel vertical field effect transistor (vertical FET) is presented. The vertical FET can be used for signal conversion from the mechanical to the electrical domain. This low impedance sensing technique was realized by introducing a source and drain region in opposite of a movable mass which acts as the gate. The channel resistance between drain and source is influenced by the movable mass working as a sensing unit. Theoretical calculations and practical experiments of the structure are performed. Mechanical and electrical effects over a temperature range of -40/spl deg/C to 180/spl deg/C are investigated.
Preparation of cationic polyacrylamides by a modified Hofmann reaction: Fluorescent labeling of cationic polyacrylamides (1989)

Abstract Cationic polyacrylamides (C‐PAM) which contain both primary and quaternary amines were prepared according to the Hofmann reaction by adding choline chloride to a solution of polyacrylamide in water. The reaction was 90% complete after 60 min at 20°C. The degree of amination was over 70% and the proportion of primary and quaternary amines could be altered widely by controlling the relative concentrations of NaOH, NaOCl, and choline chloride. C‐PAM was dansylated (fluorescently labeled) in a homogeneous system using aqueous dimethylformamide as solvent. The optimum excitation wavelength for dansylated C‐PAM in water at room temperature (22 ± 1°C) was 333 nm and the corresponding emission wavelength 538 nm. The fluorescence intensity was almost constant at pH levels above 5, but decreased rapidly below pH 4 and was almost zero at pH 2.
Molecular Strategies for Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a lethal disease common to Caucasians, is characterized by a defect in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator and the resulting defective cAMP-regulated Cl- secretion by epithelial cells. Clinical manifestations include both pancreatic and pulmonary insufficiency. Traditional therapeutic modalities address these problems with pancreatic enzyme replacement, vitamins and nutritional supplementation, antibiotics, and respiratory therapy. However, newer therapies directed at the specific underlying defects have emerged. In this review, we discuss agents that increase Cl- secretion via preserved Cl- secretory pathways, such as uridine triphosphate, or that enhance Na+ resorption, such as amiloride, thereby correcting altered airway secretions. We also discuss agents, including deoxyribonuclease (DNase), that directly reduce sputum viscosity. CF is an early target for in vivo gene therapy, since it is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease in which restoration of normal cAMP-regulated Cl- conductance can be achieved by complementation with a normal gene. The early clinical gene therapy therapy work, with gene introduction by both viral and nonviral vectors, is discussed.
A New Amorphous Lithium-ion Conductor in the System Li2S–P2S3 (2003)

Abstract Amorphous solid electrolytes in the system Li2S–P2S3 were obtained in a narrow composition range at around 66.7 mol % Li2S content by a high-energy ball-milling process. The 66.7Li2S·33.3P2S3 (mol %) sample showed the highest ion conductivity of 1.1 × 10−4 S·cm−1 at room temperature among the obtained samples. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the sample had a wide electrochemical window of about 5 V.
Optical fiber chemical sensors utilizing dye‐doped silicone polymer claddings (1989)

Abstract Transparent dimethyl siloxane network polymers with refractive indices near 1.40 may be applied to fused silica fibers ( n = 1.458) as they are drawn to produce plastic‐clad silica (PCS) optical fibers. The evanescent tail of the light energy propagating in the core of such fibers extends into the silicone cladding, where it interacts with chemical species present in the polymer. If the silicone is doped with a dye, the absorption spectrum or fluorescence spectrum of the dye is reflected in the transmission spectrum of the fiber. Further, if the dye changes its absorption spectrum or fluorescence spectrum as a result of diffusion of a chemical species into the silicone, the change is detectable in the fiber output. The polymer material properties which determine the performance of these sensors are described, along with examples of sensors for ammonia and oxygen which utilize either color changing or fluorescent dyes.
Coated powders ‘a good base’ for intermetallics (2008)

Powders can be metal-coated by chemical deposition to form a sound base for making the increasingly important composite and intermetallic classes of materials…
Isolation of Acidaminococcus fermentans and Megasphaera elsdenii from Normal Human Feces (1974)

Fecal bacterial cultures from 40 normal humans yielded Megasphaera elsdenii from four individuals and Acidaminococcus fermentans from 10 individuals, with two individuals having both organisms.
A binder-free Si-based anode for Li-ion batteries (2015)

A binder-free anode for lithium ion batteries consisting of micro-sized silicon particles and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was prepared.
Robust linear programming discrimination of two linearly inseparable sets (1992)

A single linear programming formulation is proposed which generates a plane that of minimizes an average sum of misclassified points belonging to two disjoint points sets in n-dimensional real space. When the convex hulls of the two sets are also disjoint, the plane completely separates the two sets. When the convex hulls intersect, our linear program, unlike all previously proposed linear programs, is guaranteed to generate some error-minimizing plane, without the imposition of extraneous normalization constraints that inevitably fail to handle certain cases. The effectiveness of the proposed linear program has been demonstrated by successfully testing it on a number of databases. In addition, it has been used in conjunction with the multisurface method of piecewise-linear separation to train a feed-forward neural network with a single hidden layer.
Premena post-socialistického mesta Žilina (2013)

Mesto ako predmet sociologickho skmania je v odbornch kruhoch prtomn u od 19. storoia v Engelsovch tdich, priom dleitos zaala tto tma vemi rchlo nabera s prchodom tzv. "chicagskej koly" na zaiatku 20. storoia. V sasnosti tento vrazn a oprvnen zujem o mesto, hoci v inch perspektvach,
BER analysis of BPSK and QPSK constellations in the presence of ADC quantization noise (2008)

Quantization noise (QN) due to limited analog to digital converter (ADC) word length gives rise to degradation in system performance, especially in high frequency communication systems with sampling rates in the range of giga samples per second (Gsps). In this paper, expressions are derived for the evaluation of the bit error rate (BER) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature PSK (QPSK) signal constellations as a function of ADC word length (NADC) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) due to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). It is shown that unlike the AWGN case, system performance is dependent on the signal constellation rotation when QN due to the ADC is dominant. The newly derived expressions are then used to investigate the impact of constellation rotation on the system BER performance. It is shown that considerable performance gains can be achieved with an appropriate rotation of the signal constellation.
A Lead-Filled G-Quadruplex:  Insight into the G-Quartet's Selectivity for Pb<sup>2+</sup> over K<sup>+</sup> (2000)

The lipophilic nucleoside, G 1, extracts Pb(2+) picrate from water into organic solvents to give structures based on the hydrogen-bonded G-quartet. Crystal structures indicate important differences between (G 1)(8)-Pb(2+) and (G 1)(8)-K(+). The divalent Pb(2+) templates a smaller G(8) cage than does K(+), as judged by the M-O6 bond length, O6-O6 diagonal distance, and inter-tetramer separation. The more compact Pb(2+) octamer correlates with NMR data indicating that N2-N7 hydrogen bonds in (G 1)(8)-Pb(2+) are kinetically more stable than in (G 1)(8)-K(+).
MicroRNAs, Major Players in B Cells Homeostasis and Function (2014)

As a main actor in humoral immunity, B cells participate in various antibody-related disorders. However, a deeper understanding of B-cell differentiation and function is needed in order to decipher their immune-modulatory roles, notably with the recent highlighting of regulatory B cells. microRNAs (miRNAs), key factors in various biological and pathological processes, have been shown to be essential for B-cell homeostasis, and therefore understanding their participation in B-cell biology could help identify biomarkers and contribute toward curing B-cell-related immune disorders. This review aims to report studies casting light on the roles played by miRNAs in B-cell lineage and function and B-cell-related immune pathologies.
Human-Robot Cooperative Object Manipulation with Contact Changes (2018)

This paper presents a system for cooperatively manipulating large objects between a human and a robot. This physical interaction system is designed to handle, transport, or manipulate large objects of different shapes in cooperation with a human. Unique points are the bi-manual physical cooperation, the sequential characteristic of the cooperation including contact changes, and a novel architecture combining force interaction cues, interactive search-based planning, and online trajectory and motion generation. The resulting system implements a mixed initiative collaboration strategy, deferring to the human when his intentions are unclear, and driving the task once understood. This results in an easy and intuitive human-robot interaction. It is evaluated in simulations and on a bi-manual mobile robot with 32 degrees of freedom.