gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward an Information Visualization Workspace: Combining Multiple Means of Expression (1997)

New user interface challenges are arising because people need to explore and perform many diverse tasks involving large quantities of abstract information. Visualizing information is one approach to these challenges. But visualization must involve much more than just enabling people to see information. People must also manipulate it to focus on what is relevant and reorganize it to create new information. They must also communicate and share information in collaborative settings and act directly to perform their tasks based on this information. These goals suggest the need for information visualization workspaces with new interaction approaches. We present several systems-Visage, SAGE, and selective dynamic manipulation (SDM)-that comprise such a workspace and a suite of user interface techniques for creating and manipulating integrative visualizations. Our work in this area revealed the need for interfaces that enable people to communicate with systems in multiple complementary ways. We discuss four dimensions for analyzing user interfaces that reveal the combination of design approaches needed for visualizations to support information analysis tasks effectively. We discuss the results of our attempts to provide multiple forms of expression using direct manipulation and propose areas where multimodal techniques are likely to be more effective.
DNA-Encoded Fetal Liver Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand and Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor Increase Dendritic Cell Recruitment to the Inoculation Site and Enhance Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses Induced by DNA Vaccination of Outbred Animals (2002)

DNA-based immunization is a contemporary strategy for developing vaccines to prevent infectious diseases in animals and humans. Translating the efficacy of DNA immunization demonstrated in murine models to the animal species that represent the actual populations to be protected remains a significant challenge. We tested two hypotheses directed at enhancing DNA vaccine efficacy in outbred animals. The first hypothesis, that DNA-encoding fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and GM-CSF increases dendritic cell (DC) recruitment to the immunization site, was tested by intradermal inoculation of calves with plasmid DNA encoding Flt3L and GM-CSF followed by quantitation of CD1(+) DC. Peak DC recruitment was detected at 10-15 days postinoculation and was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in calves in the treatment group as compared with control calves inoculated identically, but without Flt3L and GM-CSF. The second hypothesis, that DNA encoding Flt3L and GM-CSF enhances immunity to a DNA vector-expressed Ag, was tested by analyzing the CD4(+) T lymphocyte response to Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a (MSP1a). Calves immunized with DNA-expressing MSP1a developed strong CD4(+) T cell responses against A. marginale, MSP1a, and specific MHC class II DR-restricted MSP1a epitopes. Administration of DNA-encoding Flt3L and GM-CSF before MSP1a DNA vaccination significantly increased the population of Ag-specific effector/memory cells in PBMC and significantly enhanced MSP1a-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion as compared with MHC class II DR-matched calves vaccinated identically but without Flt3L and GM-CSF. These results support use of these growth factors in DNA vaccination and specifically indicate their applicability for vaccine testing in outbred animals.
Storage of saposins A and D in infantile neuronal ceroid‐lipofuscinosis (1993)

We have isolated storage cytosomes from brain tissue of patients with infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. The purified storage bodies were subjected to compositional analysis which revealed a high content of proteins, accounting for 43% of dry weight. Saposins A and D, also known as sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), were shown to constitute a major portion of the accumulated protein using gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis. This is the first time that saposins have been found to be stored in any form of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.
Fully functional bioengineered tooth replacement as an organ replacement therapy (2009)

Current approaches to the development of regenerative therapies have been influenced by our understanding of embryonic development, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering technology. The ultimate goal of regenerative therapy is to develop fully functioning bioengineered organs which work in cooperation with surrounding tissues to replace organs that were lost or damaged as a result of disease, injury, or aging. Here, we report a successful fully functioning tooth replacement in an adult mouse achieved through the transplantation of bioengineered tooth germ into the alveolar bone in the lost tooth region. We propose this technology as a model for future organ replacement therapies. The bioengineered tooth, which was erupted and occluded, had the correct tooth structure, hardness of mineralized tissues for mastication, and response to noxious stimulations such as mechanical stress and pain in cooperation with other oral and maxillofacial tissues. This study represents a substantial advance and emphasizes the potential for bioengineered organ replacement in future regenerative therapies.
Aberrant expression of the MEL1S gene identified in association with hypomethylation in adult T-cell leukemia cells (2003)

DNA methylation plays critical roles in the development and differentiation of mammalian cells, and its dysregulation has been implicated in oncogenesis. This study was designed to determine whether DNA hypomethylation-associated aberrant gene expression is involved in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) leukemogenesis. We isolated hypomethylated DNA regions of ATL cells compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a carrier by a methylated CpG-island amplification/representational difference analysis method. The DNA regions identified contained MEL1, CACNA1H, and Nogo receptor genes. Sequencing using sodium bisulfite-treated genomic DNAs revealed the decreased methylated CpG sites, confirming that this method detected hypomethylated DNA regions. Moreover, these hypomethylated genes were aberrantly transcribed. Among them, MEL1S, an alternatively spliced form of MEL1 lacking the PR (positive regulatory domain I binding factor 1 and retinoblastoma-interacting zinc finger protein) domain, was frequently transcribed in ATL cells, and the transcriptional initiation sites were identified upstream from exons 4 and 6. Transfection of MEL1S into CTLL-2 cells conferred resistance against transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), suggesting that aberrant expression of MEL1S was associated with dysregulation of TGF-beta-mediated signaling. Although Tax renders cells resistant to TGF-beta, Tax could not be produced in most fresh ATL cells, in which MEL1S might be responsible for TGF-beta resistance. Our results suggest that aberrant gene expression associated with DNA hypomethylation is implicated in leukemogenesis of ATL.
Effects of wing-leading-edge modifications on a full-scale, low-wing general aviation airplane: Wind-tunnel investigation of high-angle-of-attack aerodynamic characteristics (1982)

Wing-leading-edge modifications included leading-edge droop and slat configurations having full-span, partial-span, or segmented arrangements. Other devices included wing-chord extensions, fences, and leading-edge stall strips. Good correlation was apparent between the results of wind-tunnel data and the results of flight tests, on the basis of autorotational stability criterion, for a wide range of wing-leading-edge modifications.
A Review: Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (2014)

Mobile Ad-hoc network is infrastructure less, spontaneous and multi-hop network, which consist of decentralized wireless mobile nodes. MANET uses temporary ad-hoc network topologies, that allowing people and devices to seamlessly connect to network in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure e.g. disaster recovery environments. And mobile ad-hoc network is a collection of nodes that are connected through each other with a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. Routing in mobile ad-hoc network is a challenging term due to its dynamic changes in topologies. There are lots of trust models and routing protocol which are used in MANETs to get a security. Various trust schemes are used to provide integrity, confidentiality and availability in mobile ad-hoc network to gain the secure environment. In this paper, we will discuss characteristics, attacks and security in mobile ad-hoc network.
Molecular Markers Associated with Morphological Traits in Watermelon (2001)

Morphological traits were examined in an F 3 generation derived from a cross between C. lanatus var. lanatus [(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] and C. lanatus var. citroides . At least three genes, C (yellow) vs. c (red), i (inhibitory to C) vs. I (non-inhibitory to C), and y (yellow) vs. y w ( white), with epistatic and inhibitory actions were found to govern the inheritance of fruit flesh color. The high frequency of yellow-fleshed fruit and low frequencies of white and red fruits can be explained by the presence of a new allele ( y w recessive to y ) in the multiple allele series at the Y locus. The low frequency of tan colored seeds in segregating populations could be explained by at least three genes governing inheritance of seed-coat color. Single factor analysis of variance was conducted for each pairwise combination of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) locus and fruit or seed characteristics. Several RAPD loci were identified to be loosely linked to morphological characteristics.
Accelerating iterative solution methods using reduced‐order models as solution predictors (2006)

Abstract We propose the use of reduced‐order models to accelerate the solution of systems of equations using iterative solvers in time stepping schemes for large‐scale numerical simulation. The acceleration is achieved by determining an improved initial guess for the iterative process based on information in the solution vectors from previous time steps. The algorithm basically consists of two projection steps: (1) projecting the governing equations onto a subspace spanned by a low number of global empirical basis functions extracted from previous time step solutions, and (2) solving the governing equations in this reduced space and projecting the solution back on the original, high dimensional one. We applied the algorithm to numerical models for simulation of two‐phase flow through heterogeneous porous media. In particular we considered implicit‐pressure explicit‐saturation (IMPES) schemes and investigated the scope to accelerate the iterative solution of the pressure equation, which is by far the most time‐consuming part of any IMPES scheme. We achieved a substantial reduction in the number of iterations and an associated acceleration of the solution. Our largest test problem involved 93 500 variables, in which case we obtained a maximum reduction in computing time of 67%. The method is particularly attractive for problems with time‐varying parameters or source terms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with an adjustable logarithmic response (2008)

A wide dynamic image CMOS image sensor with a user adjustable logarithmic photo-response is presented. A pMOS switch and a time-dependent reference voltage are integrated into a three-transistor (3T) pixel structure to implement a logarithmic response. Several pixels have been manufactured using a 0.25μm standard CMOS technology. Compared to the conventional logarithmic response pixel based on a diode-connected transistor, the proposed pixel combines a wide dynamic range of 120dB with much higher responsivity (250mV/decade) and better dark response.
Edge Computing (2018)

Creating edge computing infrastructures and applications encompasses quite a breadth of systems research. Let’s take a look at the academic view of edge computing and a sample of existing research that will be relevant in the coming years.
Gene Therapy in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Bone Marrow for ADA <sup>−</sup> Immunodeficient Patients (1995)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency results in severe combined immunodeficiency, the first genetic disorder treated by gene therapy. Two different retroviral vectors were used to transfer ex vivo the human ADA minigene into bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from two patients undergoing exogenous enzyme replacement therapy. After 2 years of treatment, long-term survival of T and B lymphocytes, marrow cells, and granulocytes expressing the transferred ADA gene was demonstrated and resulted in normalization of the immune repertoire and restoration of cellular and humoral immunity. After discontinuation of treatment, T lymphocytes, derived from transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes, were progressively replaced by marrow-derived T cells in both patients. These results indicate successful gene transfer into long-lasting progenitor cells, producing a functional multilineage progeny.
The grating guide—A component for integrated optics (1974)

A plane-wave theory for the integrated optics grating guide is presented. The characteristics of the guide are described using the wall reflection coefficient. Calculations are made of the attenuation, minimum-bend radius, and field distribution. Some methods of realizing the grating guide are proposed.
High-efficiency polymer solar cells with low temperature solution-processed SnO<sub>2</sub>/PFN as a dual-function electron transporting layer (2018)

SnO<sub>2</sub>/PFN integrated the function of enhanced electron extraction and reduced charge recombination, exhibiting an efficiency of 11.05%.
Feedback cancellation in hearing aids: results from using frequency-domain adaptive filters (2002)

Feedback, both acoustic and mechanical, is a common complaint of hearing aid users. As an alternative to conventional LMS (least mean square) predictors the authors have investigated the use of frequency-domain predictors, which are based on the so-called overlap-save technique. In contrast to previously proposed frequency-domain schemes, the authors' predictor converges to the Wiener solution. It allows at least a 20 dB increase of the critical gain of a BTE (behind the ear) hearing aid device without noticeable distortion of a speech signal. Together with the loss-compensating forward filter the proposed scheme can be implemented very efficiently. >
The role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the nephrotoxicity of an Agaricus bisporus metabolite. (1980)

The mushroom metabolite gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) was found to have an LD50 of 100 to 200 mg/kg in neonatal C57Bl/6J mice. Adult mice given 200 mg/kg GDHB showed histopathologic evidence of proximal convoluted tubular injury as early as 2 hours after injection, which progressed by 24 hours to profound acute tubular necrosis. Focal acinar epithelial cell necrosis in the pancreas was also observed. The time course and location of the injury suggested that appearance of the ultimate toxic metabolite could be due to cleavage of GDHB by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). The reaction in vitro of GDHB with crude porcine GGTP resulted in the release of 4-amino-catechol which air oxidized to 2-hydroxy--4-iminoquinone (HIQ), a known sulfhydryl reagent and cytotoxic compound. Synthesis of N2-methyl-gamma-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (MeGDHB) provided a compound whose oxidized derivatives, when compared with those of GDHB, had similar half-wave potentials and visible absorption maxima. MeGDHB was resistant to cleavage by GGTP and was without apparent toxicitiy at 2-3 times the LD50 of GDHB. Therefore, cleavage by GGTP, an enzymatic transformation accessible to GDHB but unavailable to MeGDHB, is proposed as the mechanism of activation of the mushroom metabolite. The following pathogenic sequence is indicated: 1) release of 4-aminocatechol from GDHB by the action of GGTP and 2) irreversible injury resulting both from the generation of free radicals by the autoxidation of 4-aminocatechol and from the reaction of HIQ with cellular nucleophils, particularly sulfhydryl groups.
Irregularities in the flicker sensitivity curve (1991)

The flicker sensitivity of the human eye may be characterized by the De Lange curve (temporal modulation transfer function plot). In the curves of two out of eight observers, D. H. Kelly [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52,940-947 (1962)] found three peaks instead of one, as had been reported in previous publications, and suggested that they are related to the three mechanisms of color vision. Several investigations have been based on this suggestion, but there has been no confirmation of his observation. In this paper, a new measuring method was devised and the existence of the peaks was confirmed, but the hypothesis that they are related to color processes was questioned.
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody to the herbicide atrazine (1993)

The Fab region of an IgG2b antibody (AM7B2.1) reactive to the herbicide atrazine was cloned into a plasmid vector using the polymerase chain reaction and two sets of degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed to mimic the amino acid variation at the N-termini of kappa L-chains and gamma H-chains. These primers also provide a secretion signal fused precisely to the antibody gene sequence for secretion of the mature antibody. A further set of universal oligonucleotide primers was developed for the direct sequencing of the VH and CH1 regions of gamma H-chains and the VL and CL regions of kappa L-chains without subcloning and were used to determine the sequence of this antibody. The kappa L-chain was found to not possess a conserved Cys residue at position 23 and the implications of this observation are discussed. The cloned genes were expressed in Escherichia coli using a commercially available T7 RNA polymerase-based plasmid. The clones were also expressed in a T7 RNA polymerase-based system containing an attenuated version of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter, plus a lac promoter placed in an antisense orientation, to enhance plasmid stability. The expressed products were confirmed as atrazine reactive by binding to an atrazine derivative conjugated with alkaline phosphatase.
Fabrication and Testing of CERMET Fuel Materials for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (2012)

A first generation Nuclear Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (NCPS) based on Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) is currently being developed for Advanced Space Exploration Systems. The overall goal of the project is to address critical NTP technology challenges and programmatic issues to establish confidence in the affordability and viability of NTP systems. The current technology roadmap for NTP identifies the development of a robust fuel form as a critical near term need. The lack of a qualified nuclear fuel is a significant technical risk that will require a considerable fraction of program resources to mitigate. Due to these risks and the cost for qualification, the development and selection of a primary fuel must begin prior to Authority to Proceed (ATP) for a specific mission. The fuel development is a progressive approach to incrementally reduce risk, converge the fuel materials, and mature the design and fabrication process of the fuel element. A key objective of the current project is to advance the maturity of CERMET fuels. The work includes fuel processing development and characterization, fuel specimen hot hydrogen screening, and prototypic fuel element testing. Early fuel materials development is critical to help validate requirements and fuel performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and status of the work at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).
In vitro reconstitution of calf brain microtubules: effects of solution variables (1977)

The effects of solution variables on the in vitro reconstitution of calf brain tubulin, purified by the method of Weisenberg et al. (Weisenberg, R. C., Borisy, G. G., and Taylor, E. W. (1968), Biochemistry 7, 4466-4479; Weisenberg, R. C., and Timasheff, S. N. (1970), Biochemistry 9, 4110-4116), as modified by Lee et al. (Lee, J. C., Frigon, R. P., and Timasheff, S. N. (1973), J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7253-7262), were investigated at pH 7.0. Reconstitution of microtubules was successful in a variety of buffer systems, the free energy of the propagation step of microtubule formation being little dependent on the buffer. Microtubule formation is promoted by magnesium ions and guanosine triphosphate, but inhibited by calcium ions. The dependence of the apparent association constant for microtubule formation on ligand concentration was analyzed by the linked function theory of Wyman (Wyman, J. (1964), Adv. Protein Chem. 19, 224-286), leading to the conclusion that the formation of a tubulin-tubulin contact involves the binding of one additional magnesium ion per tubulin dimer. Microtubule formation is also accompanied by the apparent binding of one additional proton and the release of water molecules, as suggested by the thermodynamic parameters determined. The reaction is entropy driven with an apparent heat capacity change, deltaCp, of -1500 +/- 500 cal/deg-mol. The enhancement of tubulin reassembly by glycerol is most likely due to nonspecific protein-solvent general thermodynamic interactions.
Uric acid‐dependent inhibition of AMP kinase induces hepatic glucose production in diabetes and starvation: evolutionary implications of the uricase loss in hominids (2014)

Reduced AMP kinase (AMPK) activity has been shown to play a key deleterious role in increased hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetes, but the mechanism whereby this occurs remains unclear. In this article, we document that another AMP-dependent enzyme, AMP deaminase (AMPD) is activated in the liver of diabetic mice, which parallels with a significant reduction in AMPK activity and a significant increase in intracellular glucose accumulation in human HepG2 cells. AMPD activation is induced by a reduction in intracellular phosphate levels, which is characteristic of insulin resistance and diabetic states. Increased gluconeogenesis is mediated by reduced TORC2 phosphorylation at Ser171 by AMPK in these cells, as well as by the up-regulation of the rate-limiting enzymes PEPCK and G6Pc. The mechanism whereby AMPD controls AMPK activation depends on the production of a specific AMP downstream metabolite through AMPD, uric acid. In this regard, humans have higher uric acid levels than most mammals due to a mutation in uricase, the enzyme involved in uric acid degradation in most mammals, that developed during a period of famine in Europe 1.5 × 10(7) yr ago. Here, working with resurrected ancestral uricases obtained from early hominids, we show that their expression on HepG2 cells is enough to blunt gluconeogenesis in parallel with an up-regulation of AMPK activity. These studies identify a key role AMPD and uric acid in mediating hepatic gluconeogenesis in the diabetic state, via a mechanism involving AMPK down-regulation and overexpression of PEPCK and G6Pc. The uricase mutation in the Miocene likely provided a survival advantage to help maintain glucose levels under conditions of near starvation, but today likely has a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Inexpensive Immersive Projection (2008)

Most projector-based immersive displays have numerous problems relating to complexity, space, and cost. We present a technique for rendering perspectively correct images using a casual arrangement of a projector, a mirror and a display surface. Our technique renders an arbitrarily wide field of view using an efficient GPU-based single-pass rendering algorithm. The rendering algorithm is preceded by a one-time camera-based geometric correction calibration step. As we will describe, this technique can be implemented with inexpensive, commodity hardware and using readily available display surfaces. Thus, this technique enables immersive projection systems to be used in casual locations, such as a classroom or even in the home.