gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTONOMOUS BIKE SYSTEM (2017)

This report covers the process of a project that resulted in a future concept for an autonomous bike-sharing system. It started with a desire to do transportation design and to explore the future of public transit and the role of the bicycle in it. The research phase started with trying to form an understanding of the current public transportation situation for cyclists and also looking into future trends, both socially and technologically. That research phase led the next research phase to focus on bike-sharing and its benefits and problems. The final research phase concluded in a system design phase that experimented with modes of operation and ways of interaction with a system of this size. From the system design a set of design criteria and focus areas was formed. The main focus of the project was to design a self driving bikesharing station and a bicycle for it. My approach to this was to start with the context and how bikes should be accessed to then design them based on that. The final result is an future bike-sharing system that is designed as part of a multi-modal urban mobility network. It leverages autonomous vehicle technology to create a more flexible, efficient and accessible system. It consists of a self-driving station that enables instant rebalancing and scaling and a bicycle that is designed with simplicity and durability in mind. It was presented trough computer visualizations and a 1:20 scale model.
A multicentre trial of the epilation efficacy of a new, large spot size, constant spectrum emission IPL device (2007)

This study assesses the efficacy of a new, low fluence, constant spectrum IPL device. In three European centres, 52 females underwent epilation of one arm axilla with the new IPL, the contralateral axilla serving as a treatment control. Satisfied patients at the 1-month assessment received no further treatments and in the other patients up to five further monthly sessions were given. Clinical photography was taken at the pretreatment baseline and at approximately 1 month later. Side effects and hair attributes were graded. Patient satisfaction was graded. All patients completed the study: 11 required one treatment, with eight, 13, 11 and nine requiring two, three, four and five sessions, respectively. Side effects were minimal. A total of 44 patients were very satisfied with the final result, eight were somewhat satisfied and no patient expressed dissatisfaction, giving an overall satisfaction score of 84.6%. In all cases, hair regrowth in the treated side was finer and lighter. The greatest efficacy was seen in coarse dark hair in darker skin, and least efficacy was noted in fine blonde hair in lighter skin. Epilation with this constant spectrum IPL was safe, effective, well tolerated, and with high patient satisfaction. Repeated sessions were required in some patients with lighter hair and skin.
An Effect of Light on the Production of Ethylene and the Growth of the Plumular Portion of Etiolated Pea Seedlings (1967)

The production of ethylene by etiolated pea epicotyls (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska) is confined to the plumule and plumular hook portion of the epicotyl, and occurs at a rate of about 6 mul.kg(-1).hr(-1). Such a rate is sufficient to give physiologically active concentrations of ethylene within the tissue. Exposure of etiolated seedlings to a single dose of red light caused a transient decrease in ethylene production and a corresponding increase in plumular expansion. Far-red irradiation following the red light treatment decreased the red effect to the level achieved by the far-red alone, suggesting that the ethylene production mechanism is controlled by phytochrome and thus that the ethylene intervenes as a regulator in the phytochrome control of plumular expansion.
Effects of the nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry measurements: a model study (2003)

The influence of nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements was evaluated by using simple nasal cavity models. Each model consisted of a cylindrical pipe with an insert simulating the nasal valve. The AR-determined cross-sectional areas beyond the insert were consistently underestimated, and the corresponding area-distance curves showed pronounced oscillations. The area underestimation was more pronounced in models with inserts of small passage area. The experimental results are discussed in terms of theoretically calculated "sound-power reflection coefficients" for the pipe models. The reason for area underestimation is reflection of most of the incident sound power from the barrier at the front junction between the pipe and the insert. It was also demonstrated that the oscillations are due to low-frequency acoustic resonances in the portion of the pipe beyond the insert. The results suggest that AR does not provide reliable information about the cross-sectional areas of the nasal cavity posterior to a significant constriction, such as pathologies narrowing the nasal valve area. When the passage area of the nasal valve is decreased, the role of AR as a diagnostic tool for the entire nasal cavity becomes limited.
Distributed optimistic concurrency control methods for high-performance transaction processing (1998)

There is an ever-increasing demand for more complex transactions and higher throughputs in transaction processing systems leading to higher degrees of transaction concurrency and, hence, higher data contention. The conventional two-phase locking (2PL) Concurrency Control (CC) method may, therefore, restrict system throughput to levels inconsistent with the available processing capacity. This is especially a concern in shared-nothing or data-partitioned systems due to the extra latencies for internode communication and a reliable commit protocol. The optimistic CC (OCC) is a possible solution, but currently proposed methods have the disadvantage of repeated transaction restarts. We present a distributed OCC method followed by locking, such that locking is an integral part of distributed validation and two-phase commit. This method ensures at most one re-execution, if the validation for the optimistic phase fails. Deadlocks, which are possible with 2PL, are prevented by preclaiming locks for the second execution phase. This is done in the same order at all nodes. We outline implementation details and compare the performance of the new OCC method with distributed 2PL through a detailed simulation that incorporates queueing effects at the devices of the computer systems, buffer management, concurrency control, and commit processing. It is shown that for higher data contention levels, the hybrid OCC method allows a much higher maximum transaction throughput than distributed 2PL in systems with high processing capacities. In addition to the comparison of CC methods, the simulation study is used to study the effect of varying the number of computer systems with a fixed total processing capacity and the effect of locality of access in each case. We also describe several interesting variants of the proposed OCC method, including methods for handling access variance, i.e., when rerunning a transaction results in accesses to a different set of objects.
Anterior C1-C2 Screw Fixation and Bony Fusion Through an Anterior Retropharyngeal Approach (1999)

We present a case that demonstrates an occasion where an alternative method of C1-C2 fusion may be used when a posterior approach limited to the atlantoaxial level is not desirable. A 22-year-old man presented with a symptomatic nonunited Brooks posterior atlantoaxial fusion following a chronically displaced type II odontoid fracture with a two-part fracture of the posterior arch of C1. An anterior retropharyngeal approach was used to perform an anterior C1-C2 fusion with screw fixation. The surgical technique, as well as the merits and indications of this infrequently used procedure, are discussed.
Effects of histoplasmin M antigen chemical and enzymatic deglycosylation on cross-reactivity in the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot method (1994)

The enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) method was evaluated as a suitable method for detecting antibodies against M antigen of Histoplasma capsulatum by use of both glycosylated and deglycosylated M protein of histoplasmin (HMIN). Sera from patients with histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis were tested by the EITB with glycosylated M protein of HMIN. This assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity with histoplasmosis serum samples, all of which reacted with the 94-kDa glycoprotein (M antigen). Although the EITB is highly sensitive, it is not specific for histoplasmosis when glycosylated M protein is used as an antigen. A total of 81% of paracoccidioidomycosis, 25% of blastomycosis, 33% of coccidioidomycosis, 73% of aspergillosis, and 16% of tuberculosis serum samples cross-reacted with M protein of HMIN and yielded patterns indistinguishable from those obtained with histoplasmosis serum samples. The EITB reactions with both untreated M antigen and M antigen altered by periodate oxidation or by deglycosylation with endoglycosidases were compared. Cross-reactions with heterologous sera in the EITB could be attributed to periodate-sensitive carbohydrate epitopes, as reflected by the increase in the test specificity from 46.1 to 91.2% after periodate treatment of M protein. The EITB for the detection of antibodies to M antigen is a potential diagnostic test for histoplasmosis, provided that periodate-treated M protein is used as an antigen.
Transmission of parasites and bacteria by blood components. (2000)

Continued development and implementation of tests and of inactivation procedures will result in the eventual control of transfusion-transmitted parasitic and bacterial disease.
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION of A HEAT TRANSFER SIMULATION FOR STERILIZING LOW-ACID LARGE PARTICULATE FOODS FOR ASEPTIC PACKAGING (1989)

A biological procedure was devised to evaluate de Ruyter and Brunet's heat transfer computer simulation for sterilizing particulate foods in a swept surface heat exchanger (SSHE). Turkey cubes measuring 12.7 mm were inoculated with spores of Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, using a so-called “knotted string” method. Inoculated cubes were introduced into a viscous starch medium and thermally processed in a SSHE to a fractional survivor endpoint. Processed product was packaged aseptically, incubated and examined for survivors. Biological sterilization values calculated from the inoculated packs support the validity of the simulation. Also, a novel method was devised to measure particle residence times in hold tubes using electro-magnetic induction.
[Application of flow cytometry on functional assessment of health food]. (2005)

It suggests that was shown in detecting and assessing enhancing immune function of health food the results tested by FCM were fairly consistent with those by using traditional methods, most of them would have higher sensitivity. It should be valuable to applying FCM in the measurement and assessment of enhancing immune function of health food and worth while to further study as to enlarging its application.
Silymarin induces apoptosis primarily through a p53-dependent pathway involving Bcl-2/Bax, cytochrome <i>c</i> release, and caspase activation (2005)

Abstract Silymarin, a plant flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit skin carcinogenesis in mice. However, the mechanism responsible for the anti-skin carcinogenic effects of silymarin is not clearly understood. Here, we report that treatment of JB6 C141 cells (preneoplastic epidermal keratinocytes) and p53+/+ fibroblasts with silymarin and silibinin (a major constituent of silymarin) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in an identical manner. Silymarin-induced apoptosis was determined by fluorescence staining (8–64% apoptosis) and flow cytometry (12–76% apoptosis). The silymarin-induced apoptosis was primarily p53 dependent because apoptosis occurred to a much greater extent in the cells expressing wild-type p53 (p53+/+, 9–61%) than in p53-deficient cells (p53−/−, 6–20%). The induction of apoptosis in JB6 C141 cells was associated with increased expression of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, and its phosphorylation at Ser15. The constitutive expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were decreased after silymarin treatment, whereas the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax was increased. There was a shift in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in favor of apoptotic signal in silymarin-treated cells, which resulted in increased levels of cytochrome c release, apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, and cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in JB6 C141 cells. The shift in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was more prominent in p53+/+ fibroblasts than in p53−/− cells. Silymarin-induced apoptosis was blocked by the caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) in JB6 C141 cells which suggested the role of caspase activation in the induction of apoptosis. These observations show that silymarin-induced apoptosis is primarily p53 dependent and mediated through the activation of caspase-3.
A non-phosphorus water treatment agent in water injection system: inhibiting strontium sulfate and dispersing ferric oxide (2016)

Due to the increasing temperature in water injection system, scales are sediments that are firmly attached on the metal surface in the industrial equipment. These scales, including calcium and ferric oxide precipitations, can cause heat transfer problems. A non-phosphorus water treatment agent APES/AA/AMPS was synthesized by acrylic acid (AA), ammonium allylpolyethoxy sulphate (APES) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) with the solution of ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The properties of scale inhibition and dispersion of water treatment agent APES/AA/AMPS were studied by using the commonly used standard test methods. The results showed that APES/AA/AMPS had excellent scale inhibition and dispersion performance. The performance of APES/AA/AMPS on strontium sulfate was 93.3% at the dosage of 9 mg·L−1. When the concentration was 4 mg·L−1, the dispersion of iron oxide was optimal according to the solution transmittance of 13.7%. The morphology and crystallinity changes of strontium sulfate in scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction showed that the mechanism of the inhibition on strontium sulfate is adsorption.
Bulky <i>N</i>-Substituted 1,3-Benzazaphospholes: Access via Pd-Catalyzed C−N and C−P Cross Coupling, Lithiation, and Conversion to Novel P═C−P<i>t</i>Bu<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Ligands (2008)

The syntheses of novel bulky N-substituted 1,3-benzazaphospholes are presented, together with their reactions with tert-butyllithium and coupling with tBu 2PCl to novel P, P'-hybrid ligands that combine the highly basic and bulky di- tert-butylphosphanyl group with pi-acidic low-coordinated phosphorus. The syntheses start with the preparation of new N-secondary 2-bromoanilines 1 by reduction of N-acyl 2-bromoanilides or more generally by Pd-catalyzed selective monoamination of o-dibromobenzene, followed by Pd-catalyzed C-P coupling with P(OEt) 3 to the respective 2-anilino-phosphonates 2. The next steps are reduction to 2-phosphanylanilines 3 and condensation with Me 2NCH(OMe) 2, which leads via phosphaalkenes 4 to the corresponding N-substituted benzazaphospholes 5. The reaction with tBuLi depends on the steric demand of the N substituent. Methyl, neopentyl-, and mesityl-derivatives were converted to P=C Li species 6 and coupled with tBu 2PCl to novel P=C-P tBu 2 ligands 7, whereas N-adamantyl and N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-derivatives prefer addition of tBuLi at the PC bond to form dihydroderivatives. The chemical shifts of the low-coordinated phosphorus of 5 and 7 were found to reflect electronic and steric effects of the N substituents. The comparison of the crystal structures of N-neopentyl-1,3-benzazaphospholes 5 and 7 gives evidence of steric repulsion between the adjacent di- tert-butyl and neopentyl groups by the preferred anti orientation of the P- tert-butyl groups and moderate deviations of C2 and P3 of 7b from the ring plane.
A very fast VLSI rangefinder (2002)

The authors present a very fast lightstripe rangefinder based on an IC array of photoreceptor and analog signal processor cells which acquires 1000 frames of range image per second-two orders of magnitude faster than currently available rangefinding methods. Unlike a conventional lightstripe range-finder, which obtains a frame of range image by the step-and-repeat process of projecting a stripe and grabbing and analyzing a camera image, the VLSI sensor array of this rangefinder gathers range data in parallel as a scene is swept continuously by a moving stripe. Each cell continuously monitors the output of its photoreceptor, and detects and remembers the time at which it observed the peak incident light intensity during the sweep of the stripe. Prototype rangefinding systems have been built using a 28*32 array of these sensing elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical and Microbiological Study of Enduracidin in Infections Due to Methicillin-Resistant Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1973)

Enduracidin, administered in doses of 100 mg i.m. every 12 hours for about 10 days, to 20 patients suffering from infections due to methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, eliminated the microorganism in 8 cases of urinary tract infections, in 4 out of 9 cases of dermatological infections, and in none of 3 cases of chronic osseous infections. No toxic phenomenon or side-effect was observed. No increased resistance of the strains was noted in course of treatment. The blood levels, of the order of 0.5 μg/ml, 2 and 6 h after the first injection, were higher at the end of treatment (2–3 μg/ml), bearing witness to an accumulation phenomenon. The bactericidal activity of the patients’ sera is directly related to their enduracidin level.
An Integrated Spiral Antenna System for UWB (2006)

As wireless communication applications require more and more bandwidth, the demand for wideband antennas increases as well. For instance, the ultra wideband radio (UWB) utilizes the frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The spiral antenna has a higher spectral efficiency than other planar antennas like the patch antenna. Theoretically, any type of antennas can be combined into different kind of arrays, in order to improve performance beyond that from one single antenna. The electrically coupled parallelism is one solution to extend bandwidth. By combining two spiral antennas with different radius of the radiation zone, the standing wave ratio (SWR) can be kept low for a large bandwidth, resulting in an improved spiral antenna performance for UWB. Furthermore, a study of how spiral dimensions impact on gain and SWR was conducted and presented.
Non-traditional therapies for diabetes: fact or fiction (2012)

The number of medications now available to treat Type 2 Diabetes has been expanding quickly over the past two decades. At the same time, the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has also been rising. Individuals with diabetes are 1.6 times more likely than those without diabetes to use modalities that are not considered part of conventional medicine. Numerous dietary supplements are available over the counter and are being advertized to treat diabetes and its co morbidities. No conclusive data on their clinical benefit, potential harms, dosing or interaction with other medications is yet available. But for clinicians to maintain a trusting relationship with their patient, a respectful non-confrontational attitude is needed to encourage open dialogue, provide accurate information, and facilitate changes to the medical regimen. It is essential that clinicians stay informed and advise their patient with the available scientific data accordingly. In this review, we focus on current data on six supplements commonly encountered in community practice for treating diabetes, including cinnamon, fenugreek, vinegar, ginseng, bitter melon, gymnema, chromium, and vanadium.
Adjuvant Therapy with Edrecolomab versus Observation in Stage II Colon Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Study* (2005)

In the present study, postoperative adjuvant treatment with edrecolomab in patients with resected stage II colon cancer did not improve overall or disease-free survival.
Programa de garantía de calidad en la atención al embarazo (1994)

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad del programa de atencion al embarazo.
Diseno. Evaluacion retrospectivo de base institucional
Emplazamiento. Equipo de atencion primaria de Marinamansa. Ourense
Pacientes y metodos. Se evaluaron 5 criterios de calidad, a saber: la educacion maternal, el numero de visitas realizadas mayor de siete, la presencia de un urocultivo en el primer trimestre, un hemoglobina mayor de 11 g/dl en la 37 semana, y la existencia de una ecografia entre la 12 y 16 semanas y entre las 36 y 38 semanas de gestacion. Se hicieron dos evaluaciones con una intervencion entre ambas consistente en cambios estructurales y educacionales.
Resultados. El criterio educacion maternal se cumplimento en la segunda evaluacion en un 46% (previo 9.62%) las visitas en el embarazo en un 96% (previo 82.69%) (previo 74.04%). El 74% presentaba una hemoglobina superior a 11 g/dl en la semana 37 de gestacion (previa 34.62%). La ecografia obstetrica entre la 12 y 16 semanas se realizo en el 78% y 64% de los casos respectivamente (previas 56.73% y 18.27%).
Conclusion. Parece evidente la utilidad de los programas de garantia de calidad para mejorar la calidad de atencion al embarazo en nuestro centro de salud.
Brain corticotropin-releasing hormone- and interleukin-1 beta-induced suppression of specific antibody production. (1993)

CRH serves as a central nervous system mediator of autonomic and visceral responses to stress. In addition, central infusion of CRH has a role in the modulation of in vitro correlates of cell-mediated immune function, such as natural killer cell activity and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The present study examined the effects of central CRH on an integrated in vivo immune response, specific antibody production to a novel antigen. Synthetic rat CRH (1.0 micrograms) microinjected into the lateral ventricle significantly (P < 0.001) slowed the induction of a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) after either primary or secondary immunization. CRH-induced suppression of the IgG response in vivo was found after immunization with a low threshold dose of KLH, but not when a 100-fold increased dose of antigen was given. Administration of CRH 20 min before immunization reduced the antibody response, whereas CRH infusion 24 h after KLH exposure failed to alter antibody levels, suggesting that CRH alters initial antigen processing. These effects of CRH on an in vivo antibody response were due to the infusion of CRH into the brain, as a 1.0-micrograms dose of CRH injected either ip or sc had no effect. In addition, central coadministration of the CRH antagonist alpha-helical CRH-(9-41) significantly blocked the immunosuppressive action of CRH. Finally, as central interleukin-1 beta has been reported to modulate cellular immunity, we examined the effect of central infusion of interleukin-1 beta on the KLH antibody response and found that intracerebroventricular interleukin-1 beta (50 ng) produced a significant (P < 0.001) suppression of the IgG response to KLH. These findings extend previous data on central CRH-induced suppression of in vitro measures of cellular immunity and demonstrate that CRH acts in the brain to reduce an in vivo antibody response.