gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient fuzz testing leveraging input, code, and execution (2017)

Any kind of smart testing technique must be very efficient to be competitive with random fuzz testing. State-of the-art test generators are largely inferior to random testing in real world applications. This work proposes to gather and evaluate lightweight analyses that can enable the creation of an efficient and sufficiently effective analysis-assisted fuzz tester. The analyses shall leverage information sources apart from the program under test itself, such as e.g. descriptions of the targeted input format in the form of extended context-free grammars, or hardware counters. As the main contributions, an efficient framework for building fuzzers around given analyses will be created, and with its help analyses will be identified and categorized according to their performance.
A Novel Beam-Switching Array Antenna Using Series-Fed Slots With PIN Diodes (2016)

A novel slot array is proposed for uses on femtocells of mobile services. The array contains multiple sets of equally spaced slots connected in series on a coplanar waveguide. A diode-loaded shorting strip is mounted across each slot to enable or disable radiation so that switchable beams of different tilting angles can be provided. The proposed design comes as a flat panel hanging on the wall. The beam direction of this base station antenna can be set to yield an appropriate coverage depending on user equipment locations. A two-state prototype was fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Measured down-tilt angles are 13° and 32°, respectively. The 3-dB beamwidths are approximately 25°. The proposed structure can be configured to achieve versatile performance features. A design of low sidelobe levels as well as a three-state design is devised. Discussions about slot excitation, line termination, and diode biasing circuitry are also provided.
Base-promoted reactions of β-enaminones with 2-bromo-2-methylpropanamides. Formation of 2-ketonyloxazolidin-4-ones and cyclohexanespiro-oxazolidin-4-ones (1984)

Representative β-enaminones (1) and (2) react with N-alkyl-2-bromo-2-methylpropanamides (4a), (4b), and (4c) in the presence of NaH, to afford oxazolidin-4-ones (5) and (6) or spiro-oxazolidinone derivatives (7) and (8). The formation of an imidazolidin-4-one derivative (9) from 2-bromo-2-methylpropanilide (4c) is ascribed to the presence of an intermediate α-lactam (15). The behaviour of a spiro-oxazolidinone derivative on hydrolysis, reduction, and thiation is described.
Dask: Parallel Computation with Blocked algorithms and Task Scheduling (2015)

Dask enables parallel and out-of-core computation. We couple blocked algorithms with dynamic and memory aware task scheduling to achieve a parallel and out-of-core NumPy clone. We show how this extends the effective scale of modern hardware to larger datasets and discuss how these ideas can be more broadly applied to other parallel collections.
Square cross section coils for the production of uniform magnetic fields (1967)

A complete presentation for a system of four square coils for the production of uniform fields is offered. The method of calculation is without restriction on geometry or turns- or current-ratio. A number of cases are worked out in detail. For these, the uniformity is calculated and contours of constant homogeneity are drawn. Square loops are only slightly less uniform than circular systems and, when large coils are needed, they are easier to construct. Some effects of errors in construction and that due to winding thickness are calculated and it is shown that the square loop system is very tolerent in these respects.
Experimental Model for the Study of the Human Immune System (2008)

Since the late 1980s, the study of the function and development of the human immune system has made intensive use of humanized animal models, among which mouse models have been proven extremely efficient and handy. Recent advances have lead to the establishment of new models with improved characteristics, both in terms of engraftment efficiency and in situ multilineage human hematopoietic development. In particular, the use of newborn BALB/c Rag2-/-gamma c-/- mice as recipients for human hematopoietic stem cells has proven particularly efficient. We describe here how to produce and monitor such "human immune system" (HIS) (BALB-Rag/gamma) mice, which offer large prospects for experimental study of the human immune system and as a preclinical screening tool.
Automated Bone Scan Index as a quantitative imaging biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients being treated with enzalutamide (2016)

The upgraded and analytically validated automated BSI was found to be a strong predictor of OS in mCRPC patients. Additionally, the change in automated BSI demonstrated an additive clinical value to the change in PSA in mCRPC patients being treated with enzalutamide.
Resveratrol protects against age-associated infertility in mice (2013)

This work was supported by MOST of China National Basic Research Program (grant number: 2010CB94500 and 2012CB911200). The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Assembled Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Film and Its Electrocatalytic Activity for O<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2004)

Multilayer films of shortened multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are homogeneously and stably assembled on glassy carbon electrodes with the layer-by-layer (LBL) method, based on electrostatic interaction of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and negatively charged and shortened MWNTs. The film assembly and electrochemical property as well as the electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction of the MWNT multilayer film are studied. Scanning electron microscopy, the quartz crystal microbalance technique, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used for characterization of film assembly. Experimental results revealed that film growth is uniform, almost with the same coverage of the MWNTs in each layer, and that the assembled MWNTs are mainly in the form of small bundles or single tubes on the electrodes. Electrochemical studies indicate that the LBL assembled MWNT films possess a remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction in alkaline media. This property, combined with the well-dispersed, porous and conductive features of the MWNT film illustrated with the LBL method, suggests the potential application of the MWNT film for constructing an efficient alkaline air electrode for energy conversions.
The Virtues of Mixing Tandem and Cascade Coupler Connections (1971)

The design of wideband coupled transmission line hybrids is complicated by the necessity of having the coupled lines in a close physical proximity to achieve the desired -3.01 dB coupling. The required coupling coefficient is particularly difficult to achieve for coupler designs covering greater than an octave. Several techniques have been used to overcome this limitation. The principal methods are the re-entrant coupler/sup 1/ and the tandem coupler/sup 2/ techniques. The re-entrant coupler employs a modification of the transmission line geometry of a single quarter-wave section to obtain the desired increase in coupling. The technique described in this paper is similar to the tandem coupler technique since a judicious connection of coupled quarter-wave line sections is employed to obtain the desired coupling enhancement rather than a modification of the line cross-section.
Original Research:<i>Bacillus coagulans</i>Significantly Improved Abdominal Pain and Bloating in Patients with IBS (2009)

Preliminary data suggest that the patented B coagulans GBI-30, 6086 probiotic may be a safe and effective option for the relief of abdominal pain and bloating for patients with IBS. Larger, extended trials are needed to verify these results.
Expression of Escherichia coli fol alleles in Salmonella typhimurium (1978)

Studies of the expression of Escherichia coli fol alleles in Salmonella typhimurium indicated that fol regulatory functions are highly conserved between these bacterial species.
Constrained tracking filters for A-SMGCS (2003)

The Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) requirements are challenging because airports have many shadowing problems, targets with dgferent dynamics and minimal spatial separation, heavy clutter and multipath. This paper illustrates a new approach to the tracking applied to the data of the SMR (Surface Movement Radar) based on Variable Structure Interactive Multiple Model (VS- IMW which uses the airport map data. On the airport the target movement is in fact locally constrained by roads and runways, while in proximity of junctions the targets have a limited numbers of manoeuvres. The improvement brought by the VS-IMM with respect to the classical tracking algorithm has been demonstrated by simulation results and application to real data.
Optimizing IEEE 802.11 DCF using Bayesian Estimators of the Network State (2006)

The optimization mechanisms proposed in the literature for the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 protocol are often based on adapting the backoff parameters to the estimate of the number of competing terminals in the network. However, existing estimation algorithms are either inaccurate or too complex. In this paper we propose an enhanced version of the IEEE 802.11 DCF that employs an estimator of the number of competing terminals based on a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) or a approximate maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach. The algorithm uses a Bayesian framework, optimizing the backoff parameters of the DCF based on the predictive distribution of the number of competing terminals. We show that our algorithm is simple yet highly accurate even at small time scales. We implement our proposed new DCF in the ns-2 simulator and show that it outperforms existing methods. We also show that its accuracy can be used to improve the results of the protocol even when the nodes are not in saturation mode.
Mix brush: An interactive digital painting tool with shaking interaction and color feedback (2010)

In this paper, we present an interactive digital brush, which invites people to create a work of art with mixing colors. The Mix Brush aimed at enriching traditional screen based interactions with shaking interaction and color feedback. It was created using a tablet pen and the RGB Light-emitting Diode (LED). The tablet pen enables tracking of the contact point of brush on the interactive display, and RGB LEDs presents the picked up colors. People are able to do their creative activities on the interactive display with our own brush and software. The Mix Brush approaches two important properties: immediate indication of the selected colors with LEDs and mixing colors with shaking the brush. Pilot study shows that this interactive digital brush enhances the user experience (UX) and it capable of applying to child education.
Effects of topical capsaicin in seasonal allergic rhinitis. (1995)

The augmented pain response to capsaicin suggests that a sensory nerve hyperresponsiveness may characterise allergic airways disease. In contrast to the effects on animal airways, capsaicin failed to produce mucosal exudation of plasma in the human nasal airway. The animal based neurogenic inflammation concept is therefore not valid for the human nasal airway, not even in inflamed airways when a neural hyperresponsiveness has developed.
Imaging of the dielectric resonance effect in high field magnetic resonance imaging (2005)

At a high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the interactions between the RF pulse and the high permittivity samples, which cause the B1 field inhomogeneity, can no longer be negligible. We present a postprocessing method of compensating the B1 field inhomogeneity mainly caused by the dielectric resonance. The intensity of the transmitted B1 field is calculated using two spin echo images of the water phantom obtained with different flip angles 45° and 90°. Applying the proposed method, the dielectric resonance of the water in high field MRI is visualized as a quantitative map of the B1 field. The corrected image compensating the B1 field inhomogeneity was also calculated.
A self-protecting uncooled microbolometer structure for uncooled microbolometer (2011)

During microbolometer operation, the detector occasionally views high temperature scenes such as the sun or flames at very close distance. The detector temperature can then increase to a level so high that the sensing material experiences an annealing effect. Accordingly, the microbolometer is required to stand high temperatures that can cause device damage. In this paper, a bimorph leg integrated microbolometer structure is proposed. The bimorph leg is an extra leg that is separated from the signal transfer legs. It is bent downward and snaps onto the substrate when the microbolometer's temperature reaches a critical temperature. The temperature of the micro-bolometer is then decreased as heat is transferred to the substrate. By snapping the bimorph leg down onto the substrate, the microbolometer's thermal conductance is temporarily increased roughly three-fold higher than that of the normal state and thermal damage to the bolometer material can be effectively prevented. The increase of thermal conductance can be controlled by changing the size of the bimorph leg.
Cell cycle phenotype-based optimization of G2-abrogating peptides yields CBP501 with a unique mechanism of action at the G2 checkpoint (2007)

Cell cycle G(2) checkpoint abrogation is an attractive strategy for sensitizing cancer cells to DNA-damaging anticancer agent without increasing adverse effects on normal cells. However, there is no single proven molecular target for this therapeutic approach. High-throughput screening for molecules inhibiting CHK1, a kinase that is essential for the G(2) checkpoint, has not yet yielded therapeutic G(2) checkpoint inhibitors, and the tumor suppressor phenotypes of ATM and CHK2 suggest they may not be ideal targets. Here, we optimized two G(2) checkpoint-abrogating peptides, TAT-S216 and TAT-S216A, based on their ability to reduce G(2) phase accumulation of DNA-damaged cells without affecting M phase accumulation of cells treated with a microtubule-disrupting compound. This approach yielded a peptide CBP501, which has a unique, focused activity against molecules that phosphorylate Ser(216) of CDC25C, including MAPKAP-K2, C-Tak1, and CHK1. CBP501 is >100-fold more potent than TAT-S216A and retains its selectivity for cancer cells. CBP501 is unusually stable, enters cells rapidly, and increases the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs against cancer cells without increasing adverse effects. These findings highlight the potency of CBP501 as a G(2)-abrogating drug candidate. This report also shows the usefulness of the cell cycle phenotype-based protocol for identifying G(2) checkpoint-abrogating compounds as well as the potential of peptide-based compounds as focused multitarget inhibitors.
High-Density SOT-MRAM Based on Shared Bitline Structure (2018)

This brief proposes a new design technique for spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM), suitable for high-density and low-power on-chip cache applications. A bitline of the proposed memory bit cell is shared with that of an adjacent bit cell leading to a reduction in the number of metals along the column direction. This results in higher integration density due to improved metal pitch limited region. The proposed memory can optimize the bit-cell area by aggressively reducing the size of write access transistor, since SOT-based switching operation of SOT devices translates to smaller size of write access transistor. Furthermore, the proposed SOT-MRAM still retains the advantages of SOT-MRAM such as low write energy dissipation, high read-disturb margin, and improved reliability of magnetic tunnel junction. In comparison with the conventional SOT-MRAM bit cells, our proposed MRAM bit cell can have 20% less bit-cell area. Even compared with the standard STT-MRAM, our proposed bit cell still achieves higher integration density. Moreover, the shared bitline SOT-MRAM achieves >6× lower write power and higher read-disturb margin than does the STT-MRAM.
Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options (2014)

Cryptococcal meningitis causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease is greatest in middle- and low-income countries with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and some immunocompetent hosts are also at risk. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis consists of three phases: induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Effective induction therapy requires potent fungicidal drugs (amphotericin B and flucytosine), which are often unavailable in low-resource, high-endemicity settings. As a consequence, mortality is unacceptably high. Wider access to effective treatment is urgently required to improve outcomes. For human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, judicious management of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and appropriately timed introduction of antiretroviral therapy are important.
Targeting CCL5 in inflammation (2013)

Although clinical trials are strongly biased toward HIV treatment and prevention with blockers of CCR5, the therapeutic potential for CCL5 and its receptors in other diseases is relevant. Overall, it is not likely that specific targeting of CCL5 will result in new adjunct strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases with a major inflammatory component. However, targeting CCL5 could result in novel therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases, where it may decrease inflammatory responses and fibrosis, and certain solid tumors, where it may have a role in angiogenesis.
Dilated common bile ducts mimicking choledochal cysts in ketamine abusers. (2009)

Substance abuse is a major health and social problem among Hong Kong youth and ketamine is the drug most commonly abused. Ketamine abuse is associated with a series of side-effects that include hallucination, nausea, vomiting, elevation of blood pressure, and urinary bladder dysfunction. Here we report three cases of ketamine abuse in which the abusers presented with recurrent epigastric pain and dilated common bile ducts that mimicked choledochal cysts on imaging. The dilated biliary tree may occur more frequently than was once assumed.
Generating software test data by evolution (2001)

This paper discusses the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for automatic software test data generation. This research extends previous work on dynamic test data generation where the problem of test data generation is reduced to one of minimizing a function. In our work, the function is minimized by using one of two genetic algorithms in place of the local minimization techniques used in earlier research. We describe the implementation of our GA-based system and examine the effectiveness of this approach on a number of programs, one of which is significantly larger than those for which results have previously been reported in the literature. We also examine the effect of program complexity on the test data generation problem by executing our system on a number of synthetic programs that have varying complexities.
Chromaticity measurement using a continuous head-tail kicking technique (2007)

In the classical head-tail chromaticity measurement technique, a single large kick is applied transversely to the beam. The resulting phase difference between the head and the tail is measured and the chromaticity extracted. In the continuous head-tail kicking technique, a very small transverse kick is applied to the beam and the asymptotic phase difference between the head and the tail is found to be a function of chromaticity. The advantage of this method is that since the tune tracker PLL already supplies the small transverse kicks, no extra modulation is required.
Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the isopullulanase gene from<i>Aspergillus niger</i>A.T.C.C. 9642 (1997)

Isopullulanase (IPU) from Aspergillus niger A.T.C.C. (American Type Culture Collection) 9642 hydrolyses pullulan to isopanose. IPU is important for the production of isopanose and is used in the structural analysis of oligosaccharides with alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. We have isolated the ipuA gene encoding IPU from the filamentous fungi A. niger A.T.C.C. 9642. The ipuA gene encodes an open reading frame of 1695 bp (564 amino acids). IPU contained a signal sequence of 19 amino acids, and the molecular mass of the mature form was calculated to be 59 kDa. IPU has no amino-acid-sequence similarity with the other pullulan-hydrolysing enzymes, which are pullulanase, neopullulanase and glucoamylase. However, IPU showed a high amino-acid-sequence similarity with dextranases from Penicillium minioluteum (61%) and Arthrobacter sp. (56%). When the ipuA gene was expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, the expressed protein (recombinant IPU) had IPU activity and was immunologically reactive with antibodies raised against native IPU. The substrate specificity, thermostability and pH profile of recombinant IPU were identical with those of the native enzyme, but recombinant IPU (90 kDa) was larger than the native enzyme (69-71 kDa). After deglycosylation with peptide-N-glycosidase F, the deglycosylated recombinant IPU had the same molecular mass as deglycosylated native enzyme (59 kDa). This result suggests that the carbohydrate chain of recombinant IPU differed from that of the native enzyme.
Interactions between Natural Killer Cells and Antibody Fc Result in Enhanced Antibody Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2005)

Antibodies can prevent lentivirus infections in animals and may play a role in controlling viral burden in established infection. In preventing and particularly in controlling infection, antibodies likely function in the presence of large quantities of virus. In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which antibodies neutralize large inocula of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on different target cells. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from HIV-infected patients was tested for neutralizing activity against primary R5 strains of HIV-1 at inocula ranging from 100 to 20,000 50% tissue culture infective doses. At all virus inocula, inhibition by antibody was enhanced when target cells for virus growth were monocyte-depleted, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) rather than CD4(+) lymphocytes. However, enhanced inhibition on PBMCs was greatest with larger amounts of virus. Depleting PBMCs of natural killer (NK) cells, which express Fc receptors for IgG (FcgammaRs), abrogated the enhanced antibody inhibition, whereas adding NK cells to CD4(+) lymphocytes restored inhibition. There was no enhanced inhibition on PBMCs when F(ab')(2) was used. Further experiments demonstrated that the release of beta-chemokines, most likely through FcgammaR triggering of NK cells, contributed modestly to the antiviral activity of antibody on PBMCs and that antibody-coated virus adsorbed to uninfected cells provided a target for NK cell-mediated inhibition of HIV-1. These results indicate that Fc-FcgammaR interactions enhance the ability of antibody to neutralize HIV-1. Since FcgammaR-bearing cells are always present in vivo, FcgammaR-mediated antibody function may play a role in the ability of antibody to control lentivirus infection.
The Prevalence of Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Celiac Sprue (1996)

Occult gastrointestinal bleeding can be detected in about half of patients with celiac sprue and should be added to the list of factors that can contribute to iron deficiency in patients with this disorder.