gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Canine Hereditary Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (1982)

Dogs with an inherited form of ceroid lipofuscinosis are ataxic, blind and demented. During the disease process, they undergo severe cerebrocerebellar atrophy with storage of autofluorescent, lipid peroxide-positive reacting substances whose ultrastructure resembles 'fingerprint' patterns of membranous lamellae. The retina and RPE also undergo pathologic changes. Most important is the inverse relationship between loss of RPE melanin and increased deposition of ceroid. These pathological events in brain and eye lead to altered EEG, ERG and VEP activity. This inbred strain of English setters fulfills essentially all the criteria as a model for the human disease and will prove useful in the future for therapeutic trials.
Pleiotropy and Heterogeneity in the Expression of Atherogenic Lipoproteins: The IRAS Family Study (2003)

These results suggest multiple pathways leading to atherogenic dyslipidemia. There are common genetic and environmental influences contributing to variations in apoB and LDL-C as well as apoB and Tg. In addition, the inverse relation between Tg and HDL-C appears to have both genetic and environmental basis. Identifying genes involved in atherogenic dyslipidemia will require careful dissection of the genetic architecture of these pathways.
31P NMR measurement of the homolysis rate constant of the C-ON bond of β-phosphorylated alkoxyamines (2003)

Abstract In the presence of an excess of various alkyl radical scavengers or nitroxide reductants (TEMPO, phenylhydrazine and thiophenol), 31 P NMR monitoring was used to determine the homolysis rate constant (k d ) of β-phosphorylated alkoxyamines. The k d values for a mixture of diastereoisomeric alkoxyamines can be obtained in a single experiment and the formation of reaction products can be followed. The measured values were in good agreement with those obtained with other approaches involving chromatography or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).
[Adipocyte function and insulin resistance]. (2000)

The importance of free fatty acids (FFA) and adipocytokines released from adipocytes in the development of insulin resistance is discussed in this review article. FFA may cause insulin resistance through so-called Rundle cycle and may also inhibit glucose uptake by skeletal muscles. Adipocytokines, bioactive substances secreted from adipose tissue may have important roles in occurrence of insulin resistance. For example, TNF-alpha from adipocytes reduces tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity. A novel collagen-like protein, adiponectin inhibits TNF-alpha induced cell phenomena and its reduction at obesity may be one of molecular mechanism of insulin resistance.
Two-Photon Photovoltaic Effect in Silicon (2007)

Optical amplification, wavelength conversion, and a myriad of other functions that were once considered to be beyond silicon's reach have been made possible by the material's nonlinear optical properties. The common feature of such devices is the high optical intensity that is required to induce the nonlinear optical interactions. Concurrent with the useful nonlinearities (Raman and Kerr) are two-photon absorption and free carrier scattering, which are two related and harmful phenomena that render silicon lossy at high intensities. This paper explores the use of the two-photon photovoltaic effect as a means to counter these phenomena in an energy-efficient manner. The effect reduces losses due to free carrier scattering and serendipitously scavenges the optical energy lost to two-photon absorption. Analytical and numerical modeling of the two-photon photovoltaic effect in silicon devices is presented. The model is validated through comparison with experimental results and is used to establish the limits of this approach for creating energy-efficient silicon photonic devices.
Antibody responses to bacteria. The effect of the immunoglobulin type of anti-bacterial antibody on immunoconglutinin stimulation in rabbits and guinea-pigs. (1967)

Three manifestations of the antibody response of rabbits and guinea-pigs to injections of killed bacteria have been examined, namely, complement-fixing and agglutinating anti-bacterial antibodies and immunoconglutinins (I-Ks) directed against fixed complement. Animals given intramuscular injections of the bacteria in Freund's complete adjuvant before a course of intravenous injections were compared with those receiving the latter course only. The prior immunization with organisms in adjuvant increased the I-K responses in rabbits. This was correlated with an increase in that part of the complement-fixing, anti-bacterial antibody contained in the IgG fraction. The animals receiving the course of intravenous injections only, produced more agglutinating anti-bacterial antibody (which was shown to be predominantly IgM in type) and less I-K. In guinea-pigs there was little difference in the I-K response between animals receiving the two injection schedules. The prior immunization with organisms in adjuvant did produce higher levels of anti-bacterial antibody, but in this species the increase was mainly in the IgM fraction. It is suggested that in both species the presence of complement-fixing anti-bacterial antibody of IgG immunoglobulin type is necessary for the stimulation of I-K production and that high levels of IgM antibody may have an inhibitory effect. High titres of I-K can be produced regularly by injecting bacteria intravenously into rabbits with predominantly IgG anti-bacterial antibodies. Where these do not occur naturally they can be produced in response to two intramuscular injections of bacteria in adjuvant. In guinea-pigs it was difficult to produce predominantly IgG anti-bacterial antibody and high titres of I-K were difficult to achieve.
Study of a high contrast process for hydrogen silsesquioxane as a negative tone electron beam resist (2003)

An extensive study of parameters pertinent to electron beam lithography with hydrogen silsesquioxane as a negative tone electron beam resist is presented. With higher developer concentrations contrast and reproducibility are improved significantly at the expense of lower sensitivity. In a similar way extended delays between the baking and exposure degrade the sensitivity but increase the contrast. In contrast, at higher baking temperatures the sensitivity is improved but the contrast and reproducibility deteriorate. These results are discussed within a microscopic model. Contrast values as high as 10 and good reproducibility have been obtained with a developer concentration of 25% tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and a baking temperature of 90 °C. With these optimal parameters an experimental lithographic pattern of 50 nm lines and spaces could be resolved in 220 nm thick HSQ resist film exposed at 50 keV.
Comparison of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured by four combinations of free PSA and total PSA assays (1997)

We compared prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay systems [i.e., free PSA (f-PSA) and the corresponding total PSA (t-PSA) assay] from four different manufacturers as well as the f-PSA/t-PSA ratios with regard to their ability to discriminate between benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA). ROC analysis showed similar areas under the curves (AUCs) with different assay systems. For the entire patient population the AUCs of the f-PSA/t-PSA ratio were not or slightly increased compared with the sole measurement of t-PSA (t-PSA, 0.792-0.820; f-PSA/t-PSA ratio, 0.685-0.859). In contrast, for only those patients who showed t-PSA concentrations within the diagnostic gray area of 4-25 micrograms/L t-PSA, the AUCs were greater for the f-PSA/ t-PSA ratio than for measurement of t-PSA alone (t-PSA, 0.608-0.647; f-PSA/t-PSA ratio, 0.690-0.806). These results were confirmed by the predictive values of the negative results (NPVs) of the t-PSA assays and the f-PSA/t-PSA ratios (assay thresholds corresponding to a 95% detection limit). Compared with the sole t-PSA measurement there was no mentionable increase in the NPVs due to the f-PSA/t-PSA ratio for the entire patient population, but an increase up to 49% when limited to t-PSA concentrations within 4-25 micrograms/L. We therefore conclude that the f-PSA/t-PSA ratio may be helpful for differential diagnosis of BPH and PCA within the diagnostic gray area of 4-25 micrograms/L t-PSA.
[Immunotherapy of multiple recurring warts. II. Reassessment of the use of squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) (author's transl)]. (1981)

The treatment of recalcitrant multiple verrucae by sensitization to DNCB has been successfully used as shown in a previous study. Owing to the mutagenic effect of DNCB in Ames test, we tried a new non-mutagenic compound, SADBE to treat patients with multiple recurring warts. The study comprised 18 patients whose informed consent was obtained. They were sensitized to SADBE with a 2 p. 100 solution applied once and then treated with a 0.1 p. 100 solution weekly. The solution was applied by means of a swab on the warts. The concentration was adjusted to the patient's reactivity in order to maintain a mild contact dermatitis. The duration of treatment ranged from 4 to 13 weeks. Our results showed tat complete resolution of warts occurred in only 2 out of 18 patients. Side effects were negligible. In conclusion, we do not support the use of SADBE for treating multiple recurring warts.
Synchronous distribution of SIGNAL programs (1996)

SIGNAL, a synchronous and data-flow oriented language, allows the user to design safe real-time applications. Its compiler uses a single formalism called "synchronized data-flow graphs" (SDFGs) all along the conception chain from specification to proof and verification. We show how this formalism can be kept on until distributed code generation. The described implementation, called synchronous distribution, respects the semantics of SIGNAL. We finally show the limits of SDFGs and conclude with a discussion on the necessity of another model describing dynamic behaviours of distributed executions.
Analysis and adaptation of questionnaires based on item response theory (2019)

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para o planejamento e a criação de questionários adaptativos utilizados em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. O modelo apresentado combina o uso da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) com a análise histórica de questionários. Com base nisso, propõe-se uma metodologia para a categorização e ranqueamento das questões pertencentes aos questionários. Tal ranking provê um feedback valioso para o professor ou tutor, que pode então refinar e adaptar o questionário. Os resultados dos experimentos evidenciaram a existência de questões que concentram a maior quantidade de conhecimento adquirido pelos alunos deixando as demais questões com a possibilidade de serem aprimoradas para aumentar a qualidade do questionário utilizado. Espera-se que o uso da metodologia auxilie o docente na elaboração de questionários mais concisos e eficazes.
Screening for phosphate accumulating bacteria isolated from activated sludge (1984)

Abstract The purpose of the present paper is to study the individual phosphate uptake properties of various bacteria found in the biomass of a pilot designed for enhanced biological phosphate removal from wastewater. Following pure culture study it was observed that Bacillus cereus can absorb 0.45 pg of phosphate during the growth phase. During the stationary phase Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas cepacia absorb respectively 0.08 and 0.01 pg of phosphate in order to maintain their energy metabolism. Since Acinetobacter plays an important role in the biological phenomena of phosphate removal, the effect of acetate, the prefered growth substrate of this strain, was studied. In a meat‐extract medium without acetate, phosphate accumulation by Acinetobacter Lwoffi is approximately 30 mg.l‐1 of culture. In a medium with a heavy concentration of acetate, a pure culture of Acinetobacter Lwoffi with the same bacterial concentration consumes four times as much phosphate. Observations made with an electron microscope showed that the bacteria stored the phosphate in the form of granules in the cytoplasm.
Ultrashort Pump-Probe Depletion Spectroscopy to Discriminate Organic and Biological Particles (2005)

We propose a novel pump-probe fluorescence depletion scheme to distinguish concentrations of bioaerosols from background organic particles (soot). A discrimination capability of more than 1:25 is demonstrated on living bacteria and diesel fuel.
Evaluation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and α-Synuclein Aggregation in Yeast Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2008)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the human brain. The misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein, as well as the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are throught to contribute to the cytoxicity. The mechanism of interaction between these two pathways is unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction, specifically, incomplete respiratory metabolism and loss of antioxidants, has long been implicated as the culprit of ROS accumulation. Our lab has previously developed budding and fission yeast models to study genetic regulation of alpha-synuclein misfolding and toxicity. My thesis is composed of two studies. For my first goal, I tested the hypothesis that a mitochondrial dysfunction would enhance alpha- synuclein misfolding, aggregation, and toxicity. I used two budding yeast strains, one knocked-out for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (the respiratory mutant) and mitochondrial glyoxalase II (the anti-oxidant mutant) to study the combinatorial effects of oxidative stress and expression of human alpha-synuclein. We found no cellular toxicity and decreased alpha-synuclein expression in both strains, yet intracellular aggregates only in the respiratory mutant. For my second foal, I tested the hypothesis that changing key amino acids within alpha-synuclein would affect its folding and toxic properties. Specifically, I investigated a mathematically modeled mutation of alpha-synuclein, Ala76a-Glu, which is thought to change its shape in a way that decreases its rate of aggregation. In fission yeast, A76E-alpha-synuclein formed aggregates more slowly than the normal form and did not change toxicity or expression. In budding yeast, A76E-alpha-synuclein reached the membrane more slowly, initially had decreased expression, and exhibited no toxicity. Results from these two studies assert that mitochondrial dysfunction and alpha-synuclein shapes play a role in the manifestation of Parkinson's disease.
Inhibition of Renin Release by Arachidonic Acid Metabolites, 12(s)-HPETE and 12-HETE: Role of TRPV1 Channels (2011)

We test the hypothesis that 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(s)-HPETE) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) perfused into the renal pelvis increase afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) and suppress renin release in rats fed a low-salt (LS) diet via activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expressed in renal sensory nerves. 12(s)-HPETE or 12-HETE given into the left renal pelvis dose-dependently increased ARNA, which was abolished by AMG9810, a selective TRPV1 antagonist, or by RP67580, a selective neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, in normal salt or LS-treated rats. 12(s)-HPETE, 12-HETE, or substance P perfused into the left renal pelvis suppressed plasma angiotensin I (Ang I) levels in LS rats, which was abolished by AMG9810 or attenuated by ipsilateral renal denervation (RD). 12(s)-HPETE or 12-HETE increased release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from the ipsilateral kidney, which was abolished by AMG9810 but not RP67580, RD, or RP67580 plus RD. Immunofluorescence staining showed that TRPV1-positive nerve fibers located in the renal cortex, medulla, and pelvis, and that the sympathetic nerve marker, neuropeptide Y, but not neurokinin 1 receptors expressed in the juxtaglomerular region colocalized with renin. Thus, our data show that 12(s)-HPETE and 12-HETE enhance ARNA and substance P/calcitonin gene-related peptide release but suppress renin activity in LS rats, and these effects are abolished when TRPV1 is blocked. These results indicate that TRPV1 mediates 12(s)-HPETE and 12-HETE action in the kidney in such a way that dysfunction in TRPV1 may lead to disintegrated regulation of renin and renal function.
Analysis and design of lumped- and lumped-distributed-element directional couplers for MIC and MMIC applications (1992)

An analysis of lumped-element and lumped-distributed-element directional couplers is described. The assumed generality of the ring-type four-port enables different types of directionality to be developed. The equations that make possible an idealized design of co-, contra- and trans-directional couplers for arbitrary power division and transformation ratio are derived. A design procedure for three-branch, lumped-element directional couplers that allows an impedance transformation between the input and output ports is also included. Computer simulations of the performance of various couplers with lumped elements represented by realistic models are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient execution of application applets based on persistent object caching in Java card system (2009)

Atomic transactions involving persistent objects in Java Card System environment often creates performance bottleneck due to access speed gap between RAM and Flash memory. This paper proposes simple yet efficient way of handling persistent objects for atomic transactions by utilizing object caching and buffering. The proposed scheme significantly improves application execution performance.
Suppression by cathepsin L inhibitors of the invasion of amnion membranes by murine cancer cells. (1989)

Cysteine proteinases, particularly cathepsins B and L, have been strongly implicated in fostering metastasis in mice. In this work four different inhibitors of cysteine proteinases have been shown to inhibit the invasion of the human amnion by murine melanoma and mammary carcinoma cells in vitro. Two of the inhibitors are synthetic peptides [ZPhePheCHN2 (benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyldiazomethane) and ZPheAlaCH2F [3-(N-benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylamido)-DL-1-fluoro-2-butanone]] and two are thiol protease inhibitors (TPIn, TPId) isolated from the skeletal muscle of the hind limbs of normal and dystrophic mice, respectively. The inhibitors (ZPhePheCHN2, TPId), with apparent selectivity for cathepsin L, blocked invasion as effectively as inhibitors (ZPheAlaCH2F, TPIn) effective on both cathepsins. The data reveal that in these cell lines the cysteine proteinases contribute significantly to the invasive capacity of the cells, but to a lesser extent than do the metalloproteinases. We suggest that the cysteine proteinases facilitate the action of metalloproteinases (collagenase, gelatinase, and stromelysin), possibly by activating them, by inactivating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and/or by making basement membrane matrix more accessible.
Downhole fiber optic real-time casing monitor (2007)

A fiber optic system for providing permanent downhole casing strain and shape monitoring is described. The optical sensing technique, deployment strategy, as well as lab and field test results are presented. The system is based on optical frequency domain reflectometry for reading out densely packed arrays of Bragg grating sensors. The feasibility of the approach is established and quantitative measurements of casing strain and shape are presented.
Synthese des Narciprimins und verwandter Verbindungen (1972)

Abstract Es werden Modellreaktionen zur Darstellung unsymmetrisch substituierter Phenanthridone durch Photocyclisierung von Benzaniliden untersucht. Zum Beispiel läßt sich Arolycoricidin ( 2 ) aus 18 über 20 in einfacher Weise gewinnen. Die Synthese des Narciprimins ( 1 ) gelingt dagegen nur durch Bestrahlung einer bromierten Vorstufe wie 28 ; dabei entsteht der Dibenzyläther 36 , der partiell oder vollständig zu 35 und 1 entbenzyliert werden kann. Aus 36 ist das bisher unbekannte N ‐Methyl‐narciprimin ( 40 ) bequem zugänglich. Aus dem N ‐Methyl‐phenanthridon‐Derivat 46 , das am einfachsten durch Photoringschluß aus 45 erhältlich ist, gelangt man in wenigen Reaktionsschritten zum Permethyl‐isonarciprimin ( 3 ) und dem analogen Permethyl‐isoarolycoricidin ( 4 ). Bei einer modifizierten Pschorr ‐Synthese für 46 fanden wir die neuen Spirocyclohexadienyl‐Dimeren 51 a und c .
Attempts at Biological Control of <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>michiganensis</i> On Rockwool-Grown Greenhouse Tomatoes (2008)

Attempts at Biological Control of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis On Rockwool-Grown Greenhouse Tomatoes Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in which tomato plants artificially inoculated with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm ) were grown in an open rockwool system as spring and autumn crops. Two isolates of the rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PSR21, Pseudomonas reactans strain GGS14, a commercial biocontrol agent Aqua Bac Plus ( Bacillus spp.) and a proprietary disinfectant containing QAC+Chx, applied at weekly intervals, were evaluated for their efficiency in the suppression of the bacterial canker of tomato. All treatments tested revealed to be ineffective in controlling the disease. The introduction of Cmm bacteria into the fresh rockwool in the first year of its usage resulted in a 100% death of tomato plants, whereas following an artificial inoculation of two- and three-year-old rockwool slabs with Cmm bacteria dead plants amounted to 70 and 58%, respectively. This indicates that in the re-used rockwool a natural microbial suppressiveness to bacterial canker of tomato might be developed in the root zone.
Emotional Dialogue Generation using Image-Grounded Language Models (2018)

Computer-based conversational agents are becoming ubiquitous. However, for these systems to be engaging and valuable to the user, they must be able to express emotion, in addition to providing informative responses. Humans rely on much more than language during conversations; visual information is key to providing context. We present the first example of an image-grounded conversational agent using visual sentiment, facial expression and scene features. We show that key qualities of the generated dialogue can be manipulated by the features used for training the agent. We evaluate our model on a large and very challenging real-world dataset of conversations from social media (Twitter). The image-grounding leads to significantly more informative, emotional and specific responses, and the exact qualities can be tuned depending on the image features used. Furthermore, our model improves the objective quality of dialogue responses when evaluated on standard natural language metrics.