gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Electrophysiological Activation Pattern Estimation From Images Using a Patient-Specific Database of Synthetic Image Sequences (2013)

While abnormal patterns of cardiac electrophysiological activation are at the origin of important cardiovascular diseases (e.g., arrhythmia, asynchrony), the only clinically available method to observe detailed left ventricular endocardial surface activation pattern is through invasive catheter mapping. However, this electrophysiological activation controls the onset of the mechanical contraction; therefore, important information about the electrophysiology could be deduced from the detailed observation of the resulting motion patterns. In this paper, we present the study of this inverse cardiac electrokinematic relationship. The objective is to predict the activation pattern knowing the cardiac motion from the analysis of cardiac image sequences. To achieve this, we propose to create a rich patient-specific database of synthetic time series of the cardiac images using simulations of a personalized cardiac electromechanical model, in order to study this complex relationship between electrical activity and kinematic patterns in the context of this specific patient. We use this database to train a machine-learning algorithm which estimates the depolarization times of each cardiac segment from global and regional kinematic descriptors based on displacements or strains and their derivatives. Finally, we use this learning to estimate the patient’s electrical activation times using the acquired clinical images. Experiments on the inverse electrokinematic learning are demonstrated on synthetic sequences and are evaluated on clinical data with promising results. The error calculated between our prediction and the invasive intracardiac mapping ground truth is relatively small (around 10 ms for ischemic patients and 20 ms for nonischemic patient). This approach suggests the possibility of noninvasive electrophysiological pattern estimation using cardiac motion imaging.
Somatically heritable switches in the DNA modification of Mu transposable elements monitored with a suppressible mutant in maize. (1990)

Many transposable elements in maize alternate between active and inactive phases associated with the modification of their DNA. Elements in an inactive phase lose their ability to transpose, their ability to excise from reporter alleles and, in some cases, their ability to enhance or suppress mutant phenotypes caused by their insertion. The maize mutant hcf106 is a recessive pale green seedling lethal caused by the insertion of the transposable element Mu1. We show that the hcf106 mutant phenotype is suppressed in lines that have lost Mu activity. That is, homozygous hcf106 seedlings are dark green and viable when transposable elements belonging to the Robertson's Mutator family are modified in their terminal inverted repeats, a diagnostic feature of inactive lines. This property of the mutant phenotype has been used to follow clonal leaf sectors containing modified Mu elements that arise from single somatic cells during plant development. The distribution of these sectors indicates that epigenetic switches involving Mu DNA modification occur progressively as the meristem ages.
Techniques intended to reduce the impact of program-flow errors on embedded systems (2002)

Embedded systems now have a key role in many safety-critical products, including automotive, aerospace and medical systems. Program-flow errors in such systems are thought to arise from environmental factors, such as electromagnetic interference. Such errors can severely disrupt the system behaviour with potentially devastating consequences. This thesis is concerned with techniques which are feasible for cost-conscious, mass-production, systems that can assist in the detection and - where possible - the correction of program-flow errors in embedded systems.;The thesis makes four important contributions. First, a detailed, quantitative assessment is carried out on 'NOP Fill' and 'Function Token'. These software-based techniques are intended to reduce the impact of program-flow errors. The studies presented here are the first to rigorously assess and compare their effectiveness.;The focus of the work described here is on program-flow errors that result from corruption of the Program Counter. The second contribution made by this thesis is to develop and describe a detailed model showing the impact of PC corruption on program-flow.;The third contribution is the development of integrated hardware-based techniques that assist the detection and/or correction of program-flow errors. The fourth combination made by this thesis is the development of a novel mechanism to prevent register changes that might otherwise occur as a result of program-flow errors.
High Expression Levels of Iaps Predict Poor Overall Survival in Childhood De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2004)

Abstract Apoptosis-related proteins are important molecules for predicting chemotherapy response and prognosis in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, data on the expression and prognostic impact of these molecules in childhood AML are rare. Using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, we therefore investigated 45 leukemic cell samples of children with de novo AML enrolled and treated within the German AML-BFM93 study for the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins (CD95, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, Procaspase-3, XIAP, cIAP-1, Survivin). XIAP (p&lt;0.002) but no other apoptosis regulators showed maturation-dependent expression differences as determined by FAB morphology with the highest expression levels observed within the immature M0/1 subtypes. XIAP (p&lt;0.01) and Bcl-xL (p&lt;0.01) expression was lower in patients with favorable than intermediate/poor cytogenetics. After a mean follow-up of 34 months, a shorter overall survival was associated with high expression levels of XIAP {30 (n=10) vs. 41 months (n=34); p&lt;0.05} and Survivin {27 (n=10) vs. 41 months (n=34); p&lt;0.05}. We conclude that apoptosis-related molecules are associated with maturation stage, cytogenetic risk groups and therapy outcome in childhood de novo AML. The observed association of XIAP with immature FAB types, intermediate/poor cytogenetics and poor overall survival should be confirmed within prospective pediatric AML trials.
Synthesis and structure of benziodazoles (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structure of benziodazolesT. M. Balthazor, D. E. Godar, and B. Ray StultsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 9, 1447–1449Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01323a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01323a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A new power supply to ignite and sustain plasma in a reactive gas generator (2008)

This paper proposes new method of providing power for igniting plasma in a toroidal reactive gas generator. Advantages of this method include simplicity of control and prevention of damage to power supply semiconductor devices. The method combines a parallel loaded capacitor series resonant topology with a wide dynamic range control. First, the proposed parallel-loaded capacitance resonant inverter replaces the more commonly used power circuit having the plasma load in parallel with the inductance. Next, the state of the art pulse-width modulated (PWM) controller is replaced by a control combining combine pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) and PWM. Implementation includes an intelligent over current protection circuit. The combination provides a robust excitation for plasma loads making rapid transitions between extremes of impedance, and achieves superior dynamic range and stability to successfully ignite, sustain, and stabilize the plasma during operation. Simulation and lab experimental results are presented and compared with a standard a 6.5 kW plasma power supply.
Deep Traps and Mechanism of Brightness Degradation in Mn-doped ZnS Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1997)

Evidence from deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements strongly supported the assertion that the degradation mechanism of ZnS:Mn AC thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices is mainly due to the deep electron trap, E t , which comes from the Mn activators reacting with water molecules. The photoluminescence measurements revealed that the Mn-related E t trap behaves like a nonradiative center. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction experiments indicate that the crystallinity of ZnS:Mn phosphor films were destroyed in some degree by the E t trap. As a result, poor brightness characteristics including lower brightness and higher threshold voltage were obtained when samples become aged.
Revealing Structure within Clustered Parallel Coordinates Displays (2006)

In order to gain insight into multivariate data, complex structures must be analysed and understood. Parallel coordinates is an excellent tool for visualizing this type of data but has its limitations. This paper deals with one of its main limitations - how to visualize a large number of data items without hiding the inherent structure they constitute. We solve this problem by constructing clusters and using high precision textures to represent them. We also use transfer functions that operate on the high precision textures in order to highlight different aspects of the cluster characteristics. Providing predefined transfer functions as well as the support to draw customized transfer functions makes it possible to extract different aspects of the data. We also show how feature animation can be used as guidance when simultaneously analysing several clusters. This technique makes it possible to visually represent statistical information about clusters and thus guides the user, making the analysis process more efficient.
Use of genetic algorithms to solve biomedical problems. (1995)

Many problems in the biomedical sciences can be formulated as searches in some appropriate space. The genetic algorithm offers a domain-independent approach to searching that is often able to provide good answers to questions with difficult search spaces. This paper discusses when to use this genetically inspired approach, how to model problems as searches, how to define appropriate spaces, representations, and fitness functions, and how to implement a program using a genetic algorithm.
Ocular Motility Changes After Subtenon Carboplatin Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma (2003)

Subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy is associated with significant fibrosis of orbital soft tissues, leading to mechanical restriction of eye movements and making subsequent enucleation difficult. Subtenon carboplatin is not free of toxicity, and its use is best restricted to specific indications.
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer synthesis of amidine‐based, CO<sub>2</sub>‐responsive homo and AB diblock (Co)polymers comprised of histamine and their gas‐triggered self‐assembly in water (2012)

Abstract Well‐defined homopolymers of pentafluorophenyl acrylate (PFPA) and AB diblock copolymers of N , N ‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) with PFPA were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. Three PFPA homopolymers of different molecular weights were reacted with the commercially available amidine and guanidine species histamine (HIS) dihydrochloride and L ‐arginine methyl ester (ARG) dihydrochloride in the presence of S ‐methyl methanethiosulfonate to yield, quantitatively, the corresponding amidine and guanidine‐based acrylamido homopolymers. Both the HIS and ARG homopolymers are known to reversibly bind CO 2 with, in the case of the former, CO 2 fixation being accompanied with a switch from a hydrophobic to hydrophilic state. The RAFT synthesis of PFPA‐DMA and PEGA‐PFPA diblock copolymers yielded well‐defined materials with a range of molar compositions. These precursor materials were converted to the corresponding HIS and ARG block copolymers whose structure was confirmed using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Employing a combination of dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the DMA‐HIS and PEGA‐HIS diblock copolymers are able to undergo reversible and cyclable self‐directed assembly in aqueous media using CO 2 and N 2 as the triggers between fully hydrophilic and amphiphilic (assembled) states. For example, in the case of the 54:46 DMA‐HIS diblock, aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters of about 40.0 nm are readily formed from the molecularly dissolved state. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Fuzzy logic classification of fragmented cardiac myopotentials (2002)

Accurate localisation of arrhythmogenic origin is necessary for successful surgery on patients with ventricular arrhythmia's. At the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne a technique known as fragmentation mapping has been developed. The intrinsic advantage of fragmentation mapping is that if does not require ventricular tachycardia (VT) to be induced, as it is carried out in the sinus rhythm. Fragmentation mapping is normally based on subjective characterisation of cardiac myopotentials. These fragmented electrograms are an important feature of arrhythmogenic scar and have been used with moderate success to direct surgery (J.P. Bourke et al., 1989). Having previously addressed the problems of data acquisition and feature extraction (B.S. Sharif et al., 1993), the authors now discuss the use of a fuzzy logic classification technique as a more consistent alternative to subjective classification.
Epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic vascular complications (2011)

There has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes as well the associated vascular complications. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in these pathologies. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic factors play a key role in the complex interplay between genes and the environment. Actions of major pathological mediators of diabetes and its complications such as hyperglycaemia, oxidant stress, and inflammatory factors can lead to dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms that affect chromatin structure and gene expression. Furthermore, persistence of this altered state of the epigenome may be the underlying mechanism contributing to a 'metabolic memory' that results in chronic inflammation and vascular dysfunction in diabetes even after achieving glycaemic control. Further examination of epigenetic mechanisms by also taking advantage of recently developed next-generation sequencing technologies can provide novel insights into the pathology of diabetes and its complications and lead to the discovery of much needed new drug targets for these diseases. In this review, we highlight the role of epigenetics in diabetes and its vascular complications, and recent technological advances that have significantly accelerated the field.
The Production of Quality in Child-Care Centers: Another Look (2000)

Abstract Data from the Cost, Quality, and Outcomes Study (Helburn, 1995) are used to examine the effects of group size, staff-child ratio, and teacher qualifications on the quality of child care provided in day care centers. The Cost, Quality, and Outcomes data are from a representative 4-state sample of day care centers with a design that makes it possible to control for unobserved differences across centers that could cause biased estimates of the effects of interest. The empirical results indicate that group size has small and statistically insignificant effects on child-care quality. A higher staff-child ratio appears to have beneficial effects on child-care quality when unobserved differences across centers are not accounted for. These effects become much smaller when unobserved differences are accounted for. The effects of teacher education and training are also generally not robust, but some measures of education and training have quantitatively and statistically significant effects even accounting for unobserved differences across centers. The implications of the results for future research on the determinants of child-care quality and for public policy are discussed.
Spontaneous and Evoked Activity from Murine Ventral Horn Cultures on Microelectrode Arrays (2017)

Motor neurons are the site of action for several neurological disorders and paralytic toxins, with cell bodies located in the ventral horn (VH) of the spinal cord along with interneurons and support cells. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have emerged as a high content assay platform for mechanistic studies and drug discovery. Here, we explored the spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of VH cultures derived from embryonic mouse spinal cord on multi-well plates of MEAs. Primary VH cultures from embryonic day 15-16 mice were characterized by expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) by immunocytochemistry. Well resolved, all-or-nothing spontaneous spikes with profiles consistent with extracellular action potentials were observed after 3 days <i>in vitro</i>, persisting with consistent firing rates until at least day <i>in vitro</i> 19. The majority of the spontaneous activity consisted of tonic firing interspersed with coordinated bursting across the network. After 5 days <i>in vitro</i>, spike activity was readily evoked by voltage pulses where a minimum amplitude and duration required for excitation was 300 mV and 100 μs/phase, respectively. We characterized the sensitivity of spontaneous and evoked activity to a host of pharmacological agents including AP5, CNQX, strychnine, ω-agatoxin IVA, and botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A). These experiments revealed sensitivity of the cultured VH to both agonist and antagonist compounds in a manner consistent with mature tissue derived from slices. In the case of BoNT/A, we also demonstrated intoxication persistence over an 18-day period, followed by partial intoxication recovery induced by N- and P/Q-type calcium channel agonist GV-58. In total, our findings suggest that VH cultures on multi-well MEA plates may represent a moderate throughput, high content assay for performing mechanistic studies and for screening potential therapeutics pertaining to paralytic toxins and neurological disorders.
Association Between Meibomian Gland Changes and Aging, Sex, or Tear Function (2006)

Among symptom-free subjects, we found that changes in the lid margin and meibomian glands were closely related to aging. Among elderly subjects, changes in the anatomic lid margin and meibomian gland morphology were observed more frequently in men than in women. Tear function showed no association with either changes in the lid margin or function of the meibomian glands.
Systemically derived large intestinal CD4+ Th2 cells play a central role in STAT6-mediated allergic diarrhea (2000)

Systemically primed BALB/c mice developed severe diarrhea after repeated oral administration of ovalbumin (OVA). Histological analysis demonstrated that dramatic infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells occurred in the large intestine but not in the small intestine of mice with diarrhea. Interestingly, CD4(+) alphabeta T cells of the large intestine secreted IL-4 and IL-13 at high levels. Identically treated STAT6 gene-disrupted mice failed to develop OVA-induced diarrhea. Further, treatment of BALB/c mice with monoclonal anti-IL-4 antibody prevented the development of allergic diarrhea. An adoptive transfer study showed that systemically primed splenic CD4(+) T cells were preferentially recruited into the large intestine upon exposure to oral OVA. These results strongly suggest that systemically derived CD4(+) alphabeta T cells of the large intestine play a critical role in the onset of Th2-mediated intestinal allergic disorders via STAT6 signal transduction.
Efficient Sampling-Based Maximum Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning With Application to Autonomous Driving (2020)

In the past decades, we have witnessed significant progress in the domain of autonomous driving. Advanced techniques based on optimization and reinforcement learning become increasingly powerful when solving the forward problem: given designed reward/cost functions, how we should optimize them and obtain driving policies that interact with the environment safely and efficiently. Such progress has raised another equally important question: what should we optimize? Instead of manually specifying the reward functions, it is desired that we can extract what human drivers try to optimize from real traffic data and assign that to autonomous vehicles to enable more naturalistic and transparent interaction between humans and intelligent agents. To address this issue, we present an efficient sampling-based maximum-entropy inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm in this letter. Different from existing IRL algorithms, by introducing an efficient continuous-domain trajectory sampler, the proposed algorithm can directly learn the reward functions in the continuous domain while considering the uncertainties in demonstrated trajectories from human drivers. We evaluate the proposed algorithm via real-world driving data, including both non-interactive and interactive scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more accurate prediction performance with faster convergence speed and better generalization compared to other baseline IRL algorithms.
Phenotypic and genotypic identification of Aeromonas species from aquatic environment (2014)

A total of 50 strains ofAeromonas spp. were isolated from 50 water and fish samples, and identified biochemically and genetically. Biochemical characterization indicated that 20 out of 50 aeromonads were A. veronii, 19 were A. caviae, 9 were A. hydrophila and 2 were A. trota.Molecular identification of isolated aeromonads revealed restriction profile of four species i.e. A. sobria,A. media, A. allosaccharophilaand A. schubertiiin addition toA. veronii, A. caviae, A. hydrophilaand A. trotain 16S rDNA RFLP .The 16S rDNA sequencing results for the 13 strains validated the results of PCR-RFLP analysis forAeromonas identification.Most of the isolates identified by 16S rDNA RFLP were positive for virulence factors as revealed by phenotypic tests such ashemolysin production, casein hydrolysis, gelatinase activity, lipase activity, DNase activity, lecithinase production and siderophore production. Further, a variable number ofAeromonas spp. was positive for lipase and elastase genes indicating the presence of other genes responsible for these activities observed phenotypically. The present study highlights important incidence of motileAeromonas spp. with virulence potential, from water and fish samples. Key W ords: Aeromonas , 16S rDNA, RFLP, virulence