gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics and applications of hybrid multichannel ANI-VSB/M-QAM video lightwave transmission systems (1998)

The performance characteristics and applications of hybrid multichannel amplitude modulation vestigal sideband (AM-VSB)/M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) video lightwave transmission systems operating at either 1310 or 1550 nm are reviewed. These systems can transport up to 80 AM-VSB video channels and more than 30 64/256-QAM digital video channels over a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) using a single laser transmitter. Five main transmission impairment mechanisms for these systems are reviewed as follows: (a) clipping-induced impulse noise, (b) bursty nonlinear distortions, (c) multiple optical reflections, (d) stimulated Brillouin scattering, and (e) self-phase modulation. For AM-QAM video lightwave trunking applications, the in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) selection is discussed using a frequency-domain simulation model. Such lightwave trunking systems can provide an AM carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) greater than 50 dB with composite second order (CSO) and composite-triple-beat (CTB) distortions less than -65 dBc, and nearly error-free transmission (BER/spl les/10/sup -9/) for the 64-QAM channels with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30-dB or better. Comparison between 64-QAM and 256-QAM video channel transmission and the effect of the QAM channels on the AM-VSB channels are also presented. The implications of these results and others in hybrid multichannel AM-QAM video lightwave trunking systems are discussed.
Random Neural Networks with Negative and Positive Signals and Product Form Solution (1989)

We introduce a new class of random “neural” networks in which signals are either negative or positive. A positive signal arriving at a neuron increases its total signal count or potential by one; a negative signal reduces it by one if the potential is positive, and has no effect if it is zero. When its potential is positive, a neuron “fires,” sending positive or negative signals at random intervals to neurons or to the outside. Positive signals represent excitatory signals and negative signals represent inhibition. We show that this model, with exponential signal emission intervals, Poisson external signal arrivals, and Markovian signal movements between neurons, has a product form leading to simple analytical expressions for the system state.
Requirement for membrane lymphotoxin in natural killer cell development (1999)

Development of natural killer (NK) cells is thought to depend on interactions between NK progenitors and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment; however, little is known about the molecular signals involved. Here we show that lymphotoxin (LT) provides an important signal for the development of both NK cells and NK/T cells. LTalpha-/- mice show marked reduction in splenic and BM NK and NK/T cell numbers and dramatically impaired NK and NK/T cell function. Mice deficient in either tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-I or TNFR-II have normal numbers of NK and NK/T cells, implying that neither of the TNFRs nor soluble LTalpha3 is required for development of these cell types. Reciprocal BM transfers between LTalpha-/- and wild-type mice suggest that close interactions between membrane LT-expressing NK cell precursors and LT-responsive radioresistant stromal cells are necessary for NK cell development. When LT-deficient BM cells are incubated with IL-15, NK cells are formed. In addition, LT-deficient BM cells produce IL-15 after activation. Thus, membrane LT appears to deliver a signal for NK cell development that is either independent of IL-15 or upstream in the IL-15 pathway. These results reveal a novel function for membrane LT in NK and NK/T cell development. They also support a cellular and molecular mechanism by which NK cell precursors themselves deliver essential signals, through the membrane ligand, that induce the microenvironment to promote further NK cell and NK/T cell development.
IgE receptors on human lymphocytes III. Expression of IgE receptors on mitogen‐stimulated human mononuclear cells (1986)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested for the expression of Fc epsilon-receptor (Fc epsilon R) after stimulation with various mitogens in the absence of IgE. Fc epsilon R were found on virtually all the cells from 19 Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines including those derived from cord blood, from one agamma-globulinemic patient and VDS-0 pre-B cells. Hence, the data clearly indicate that Fc epsilon R may be expressed on very immature B cells. PBMC cultures stimulated with either pokeweed mitogen (PWM), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A displayed an early increase of their content in Fc epsilon R-bearing cells followed by a decrease to levels below those of control cultures. After fractionation of the PWM-stimulated cultures into T and B cell-enriched preparations, most of the Fc epsilon R+ cells were in the in the B cell fractions and the same low levels of Fc epsilon R+ cells were found in the T cell fractions isolated from the PWM-stimulated and from the control cultures. Double-labeling experiments, employing biotinylated F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody to FcR and either fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated B1 or Mo2 monoclonal antibodies, indicated that PWM mainly exerted its effect on B cells and on monocytes. This effect was T cell dependent and it was mediated by soluble factors of T cell origin. At the peak of the PHA or concanavalin A response, most of the Fc epsilon R-bearing cells were found in the B cell fraction but the T cells isolated from mitogen-stimulated cultures contained significant more Fc epsilon R+ cells than those from the control cultures, suggesting that T cell mitogens had increased the expression of Fc epsilon R on some T cells. This view was supported by the finding of a higher proportion of Fc epsilon R+ cells in PHA-stimulated than in control cultures of highly purified T cells with a maximum response at the end of the culture period. Double-labeling experiments at the peak (day 2) of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell response indicated that the expression of Fc epsilon R was increased on B cells (B1+) and on monocytes (Mo2+). By using the same approach at the peak of the T cell response (day 7), it was found that T cells isolated from PHA-stimulated cultures expressed more Fc epsilon R than those isolated from control cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Encapsulation and melanin formation as indicators of virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans (1986)

Acapsular (Cap-) mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans that produce melanin (Mel+) on diphenol media at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C were found to be avirulent for mice. Compared with wild-type isolates, the mutants had a lower rate of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine uptake at 37 degrees C and showed an insignificant level of phenoloxidase activity at both temperatures. To study the relationship of Cap and Mel phenotypes to virulence in mice, we crossed one of the mutants (Cap- Mel-) with a wild type (Cap+ Mel+) to obtain four classes of progeny (Cap+ Mel+, Cap+ Mel-, Cap- Mel+, and Cap- Mel-). The progeny with the Cap+ Mel+ phenotype and the wild-type parent (Cap+ Mel+) were inoculated into mice (10(6) cells per mouse) and, within 40 days, produced fatal infection in 90 to 100% of the animals. None of the other three phenotypes produced fatal infection within the same period. While progeny with the Cap+ Mel- phenotype did produce fatal infection after 40 days, 70 to 90% of the mice survived at least until day 70. However, in the isolates recovered from the brain tissue of a mouse that died on day 68, nearly 40% of the CFU had reverted to the Cap+ Mel+ type. The virulence of one of these revertant Cap+ Mel+ isolates was compared with that of a Cap+ Mel- isolate recovered from the same tissue. One hundred percent of the mice inoculated with the revertant died within 35 days, while no fatal infection was produced in the mice inoculated with the Cap+ Mel- isolate within the same period. The isolates with the Cap- Mel+ or Cap- Mel- phenotype not only failed to produce fatal infection but failed to revert to the Cap+ Mel+ type in the mouse brain during the experimental period. These results indicate that both the Cap+ phenotype and the Mel+ phenotype are important indicators of virulence in C. neoformans.
Intelligent failure-tolerant control (1991)

An overview of failure-tolerant control is presented, focusing on the control of continuous-time dynamic systems (or plants) whose motions can be represented by integrals of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Failure tolerance may be called upon to improve system reliability, maintainability, and survivability, and the issues attached to achieving these goals are examined. Robustness, which is required in some degree by all failure-tolerant systems, is discussed. The use of parallel redundancy is examined. Analytical redundancy, the principal functions of which are failure detection, failure identification, and control-system reconfiguration, is also considered. The use of expert systems and neural networks is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trench and compact structures for dRAMs (1986)

There have been a large variety of trench based dRAM cells proposed in the last few years. This paper attempts to establish the requirements of a 4Megabit cell and classify the various trench based approaches. The original trench capacitor and its limitations are described and three classes of trench capacitors that attempt to overcome these limits are described. The first is the inside out capacitor where the roles of the storage electrode and the cell plate are interchanged. In the second class the trench serves to isolate as well as increase the available storage area. The third type builds a two concentric plates inside the trench. These can be attached to a planer transistor or a trench transistor to form a large number of combinations. These concepts are graded according to probability of success.
A Review of Neospora caninum and Neospora-like Infections in Animals (1992)

Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it\nwas misdiagnosed as Toxoplasma gondii. Neospora caninum or Neospora-like parasites cause paralysis\nand death in dogs and neonatal mortality and abortion in cattle, sheep, goats and horses. Its life cycle is\nnot known. Tachyzoites and tissue cysts are the only asexual stages known and the carnivorous definitive\nhost is not known. Transplacental transmission is the only known natural route of infection.
On the Exploration of the Solution Space in Analog Placement With Symmetry Constraints (2004)

The traditional way of approaching placement problems in computer-aided design (CAD) tools for analog layout is to explore an extremely large search space of feasible or unfeasible placement configurations, where the cells are moved in the chip plane (being even allowed to overlap in possibly illegal ways) by a stochastic optimizer. This paper presents a novel exploration technique for analog placement operating on a subset of tree representations of the layout-called symmetric-feasible, where the typical presence of an arbitrary number of symmetry groups of devices is directly taken into account during the search of the solution space. The computation times exhibited by this novel approach are significantly better than those of the algorithms using the traditional exploration strategy. This superior efficiency is partly due to the use of segment trees, a data structure introduced by Bentley, mainly used in computational geometry.
Recognizing Frustration of Drivers From Face Video Recordings and Brain Activation Measurements With Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2018)

Experiencing frustration while driving can harm cognitive processing, result in aggressive behavior and hence negatively influence driving performance and traffic safety. Being able to automatically detect frustration would allow adaptive driver assistance and automation systems to adequately react to a driver's frustration and mitigate potential negative consequences. To identify reliable and valid indicators of driver's frustration, we conducted two driving simulator experiments. In the first experiment, we aimed to reveal facial expressions that indicate frustration in continuous video recordings of the driver's face taken while driving highly realistic simulator scenarios in which frustrated or non-frustrated emotional states were experienced. An automated analysis of facial expressions combined with multivariate logistic regression classification revealed that frustrated time intervals can be discriminated from non-frustrated ones with accuracy of 62.0% (mean over 30 participants). A further analysis of the facial expressions revealed that frustrated drivers tend to activate muscles in the mouth region (chin raiser, lip pucker, lip pressor). In the second experiment, we measured cortical activation with almost whole-head functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while participants experienced frustrating and non-frustrating driving simulator scenarios. Multivariate logistic regression applied to the fNIRS measurements allowed us to discriminate between frustrated and non-frustrated driving intervals with higher accuracy of 78.1% (mean over 12 participants). Frustrated driving intervals were indicated by increased activation in the inferior frontal, putative premotor and occipito-temporal cortices. Our results show that facial and cortical markers of frustration can be informative for time resolved driver state identification in complex realistic driving situations. The markers derived here can potentially be used as an input for future adaptive driver assistance and automation systems that detect driver frustration and adaptively react to mitigate it.
Kinesthetic teaching of humanoid motion based on whole-body compliance control with interaction-aware balancing (2013)

In this work we present a framework for kinesthetic teaching and iterative refinement of whole body motions. For detection of external forces we apply a momentum based disturbance observer known from manipulator control to the floating-base model of a humanoid robot. These external forces are used as a trigger for implementing a compliant behavior at the interaction point and are integrated into a predictive balancing algorithm. For representation of the motion data, a hidden Markov model is used, which allows for an iterative update of the discrete motion states as well as a smooth generation of continuous motion data. Finally, we present an application of these algorithms on the humanoid robot TORO.
Synthesis of 7‐ethyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐2‐(4‐pyridinyl)thieno[2,3‐<i>b</i>]pyridine‐5‐carboxylic acid (1991)

Abstract 7‐Ethyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐2‐(4‐pyridinyl)thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine‐5‐carboxylic acid ( 4 ), an analog of nalidixic acid, was synthesized in seven steps starting from commercially available 4‐methylpyridine. Bacterial susceptibility to compound 4 was tested and the title compound was found to exhibit only weak antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogens including S. Aureus, E. Coli and P. Aeruginosa .
Pathway of onset, development, and decay of carrageenan pleurisy in the rat. (1982)

A sequential 37-step pathway scheme has been devised that describes the actions and events responsible for the onset, development, and decay of carrageenan pleurisy. It is postulated that the subpleural cytotoxicity of absorbed carrageenan initiates the response by producing a biphasic subpleural inflammation, the first phase of which precedes any sign of pleural exudation. Pleural exudation began 1 h after the injection of carrageenan and consisted of mobilized neutrophils and a barely detectable exudate volume. The time course of intrapleural neutrophil mobilization was monophasic (S shaped). Monocyte mobilization began after neutrophil mobilization and was also monophasic. Pleural exudate formation was biphasic. The first exudative phase was sensitive to inhibitors of neutrophil mobilization and arachidonate acid cyclooxygenase (AACO). Drug studies revealed that although neutrophils were required to initiate the first exudative process, the cells of the pleura produced a postulated reactive prostaglandin intermediate that increased vascular permeability and resulted in exudate formation. The etiology of the second exudative phase is unknown. This phase is insensitive to AACO inhibitors but is highly sensitive to steroids. Inhibition of monocyte mobilization by colchicine revealed that these were not associated with any exudate formation. Monocytes are postulated to stop the exudative process. These cells phagocytose the mobilized neutrophils and return the pleural cavity to normal. Thus, in this model of acute inflammation, monocytic function is related solely to anti-inflammatory activities.
Mathematical modelling response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to meropenem (2007)

Our results suggest that mathematical modelling may be used to predict microbial response to a large number of antimicrobial agent dosing regimens efficiently, and have the potential to be used to guide highly targeted investigation of dosing regimens in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. The in vivo relevance of the modelling approach warrants further investigations.
[Increasing the sensitivity of an immunohistochemical method for detecting carcinogen adducts with DNA]. (1992)

Application of polyclonal antibodies against N7-methylguanine (N7-MG) for immunohistochemical detection of the DNA damage following exposure to methylnitrosourea in cultured cells (CHO and IAR-27) has been shown. The approaches were applied: a) an extraction of nuclei, and b) a silver intensification of the end product of peroxidase reaction. Both the approaches were effective in increasing the sensitivity of immunohistochemical detection of N7-MG, the latter technique being most sensitive. It is proposed that the silver intensification technique is very perspective to have a high levels of sensitivity and specificity, a sufficient contrast and preservation of the cell morphology. The efficiency of the new approach in application to the purposes of molecular epidemiology is discussed.
Tolerance Against Terrestrial Neutron-Induced Single-Event Burnout in SiC MOSFETs (2014)

SEB tolerance of SiC power MOSFETs against terrestrial neutrons is studied. It is shown that the failure probability increases exponentially with applied voltage and is several orders of magnitude lower than that of a Si MOSFET. The energetic secondary carbon atoms generated by the nuclear reactions and the collisions between the terrestrial neutrons and the lattice atoms of SiC devices may play important role in the SEB triggering mechanism in SiC power devices.
Semantic Context-Aware Service Composition for Building Automation System (2013)

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is realized by independent, standardized, and self-describing units known as services. This architecture has been widely used and verified for automatic, dynamic, and self-configuring distributed systems such as in building automation. This paper presents a building automation system adopting SOA paradigm with devices implemented by device profile for web service (DPWS) in which context information is collected, processed, and sent to a composition engine to coordinate appropriate devices/services based on the context, composition plan, and predefined policy rules. A six-phased composition process is proposed to carry out the task. In addition, two other components are designed to support the composition process: building ontology as a schema for representing semantic data and composition plan description language to describe context-based composite services in form of composition plans. A prototype consisting of a DPWSim simulator and SamBAS is developed to illustrate and test the proposed idea. Comparison analysis and experimental results imply the feasibility and scalability of the system.
Design considerations of a random access storage device using magnetic tape loops (1964)

The random access storage device described in this paper is a cartridge loaded machine which uses continuous magnetic tape loops for storage medium. Cartridges may be built to cover a range of storage capacities; the one described in this paper contains 16 loops of one inch wide tape, each approximately 3 feet in circumference.
Increased Densities of Binding Sites for the “Peripheral-Type” Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligand [<sup>3</sup>H]PK11195 in Vulnerable Regions of the Rat Brain in Thiamine Deficiency Encephalopathy (1994)

Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to evaluate the density of high-affinity binding sites for the "peripheral-type" benzodiazepine receptor (PTBR) ligand [3H]PK11195 in brain regions of the rat at different stages of pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency encephalopathy, an experimental model of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Assessment of the density of [3H]PK11195 binding sites in thiamine-deficient animals showing no neurologic signs of thiamine deficiency encephalopathy, and revealed no significant alterations compared with pair-fed control animals in any brain region studied. Densities of [3H]PK11195 binding sites were, however, significantly increased in brain regions of the rat at the symptomatic stage, where increased densities were seen in the inferior colliculus (233% increase, p < 0.001), inferior olivary nucleus (154% increase, p < 0.001) and thalamus (up to 107% increase, p < 0.001). Histologic studies of these same brain regions revealed evidence of neuronal cell loss and concomitant gliosis. Densities of [3H]PK11195 binding sites in nonvulnerable brain regions that showed no histologic evidence of neuronal loss, such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and caudate-putamen, were not significantly different from those in control animals. Increased densities of binding sites for the PTBR ligand probably reflect glial proliferation and are consistent with an excitotoxic mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuronal cell loss in thiamine deficiency encephalopathy. Positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]PK11195 could offer a potentially useful diagnostic tool in WKS in humans.
A noise spectral estimation method based on VAD and recursive averaging using new adaptive parameters for non-stationary noise environments (2009)

A noise spectral estimation method, which is used in spectral suppression noise cancellers, is proposed for highly non-stationary noise environments. Speech and non-speech frames are detected by using the entropy-based voice activity detector (VAD). An adaptive normalization parameter and a variable threshold are newly introduced for the VAD. They are very useful for rapid change in the noise spectrum and power. Furthermore, a recursive averaging method is applied to estimating the noise spectrum in the non-speech frames. In this method, an adaptive smoothing parameter is proposed, based on speech presence probability. Simulations are carried out by using many kinds of noises, including white, babble, car, pink, factory and tank, which are changed from one to the other. The segmental SNR is improved by 2:0 ∼ 3:8dB, and noise spectral estimation error is improved by 3:2 ∼ 4:7dB for the white noise and the babble noise, which are changed from one to the other.