gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating behavior and cardiovascular responses: the code (1991)

The next revolution in biology is predicted to be in the integrative domain, and the need to involve physiologists in this kind of research has been recognized. This paper represents an approach to providing some of the tools required for dealing with integrative physiology at the behavioral level. Video tape recordings are made of the activities of a group of five baboons (Papio hamadryas) while simultaneous recordings of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow, and mesenteric or iliac blood flow are telemetered from two of the members of the group. The telemetered cardiovascular information is recorded on the two audio channels of the videotape. Subsequently the videotape is viewed, and a two-dimensional code is used to record the behavior of the two animals with the telemetry equipment. The first dimension of the code categorizes the behavior changes precisely regarding those aspects of behavior that are related to cardiovascular dynamics and does so with an accuracy of 16 ms. The second dimension codes relevant environmental changes. The paper describes the code and presents illustrations of how the code reflects the cardiovascular dynamics associated with the behavioral changes.
Low-Flow Ischemia Leads to Translocation of Canine Heart GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 Glucose Transporters to the Sarcolemma In Vivo (1997)

Translocation of the insulin-responsive GLUT-4 transporter from an intracellular storage pool to the sarcolemma occurs in vivo during acute low-flow ischemia. GLUT-1 is also present in an intracellular storage pool from which it undergoes translocation to the sarcolemma in response to ischemia. These results indicate that both GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 are important in ischemia-mediated myocardial glucose uptake in vivo.
Multiple protocol fluorometer and method (2023)

A multiple protocol fluorometer measures photosynthetic parameters of phytoplankton and higher plants using actively stimulated fluorescence protocols. The measured parameters include spectrally-resolved functional and optical absorption cross sections of PSII, extent of energy transfer between reaction centers of PSII, F.sub.0 (minimal), F.sub.m (maximal) and F.sub.v (variable) components of PSII fluorescence, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, size of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool, and the kinetics of electron transport between Q.sub.a and PQ pool and between PQ pool and PSI. The multiple protocol fluorometer, in one embodiment, is equipped with an excitation source having a controlled spectral output range between 420 nm and 555 nm and capable of generating flashlets having a duration of 0.125-32 .mu.s, an interval between 0.5 .mu.s and 2 seconds, and peak optical power of up to 2 W/cm.sup.2. The excitation source is also capable of generating, simultaneous with the flashlets, a controlled continuous, background illumination.
Effect of several doses of zeolite A on feed intake, energy metabolism and on mineral metabolism in dairy cows around calving (2008)

The object of the present study was to determine the influence of different zeolite A doses on dry matter intake (DMI) and mineral metabolism, and to evaluate an optimum dosage for preventing hypocalcaemia. Eighty pregnant dry cows were assigned to four groups (I-IV). They were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum. Groups II, III and IV received an average daily dose of 12, 23 and 43 g zeolite A/kg DM for the last 2 weeks prepartum. Individually DMI was recorded daily. Blood and urine samples were taken before, during and after zeolite A supplementation. Serum was analysed for Ca, Mg, P(i), K, non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Urine was analysed for Ca, Mg, P(i), K and net acid-base excretion (NABE). After calving, milk yield (fat corrected milk) and milk composition were determined. During zeolite A supplementation, mean DMI of Group IV (7.3 +/- 1.3 kg/cow/day) was significantly lower compared to Groups I-III (10.1, 10.9, 9.5 kg/cow/day). The reduced feed intake of Group IV resulted in significantly increased BHB as well as decreased NABE after calving. Zeolite A supplementation in higher doses (III and IV) had a stabilizing effect on Ca metabolism around calving for older cows, whereas cows in Groups I and II showed a subclinical hypocalcaemia. The mean serum Mg concentration decreased significantly in older cows in Group IV at calving. The mean P(i) concentration in cows of Group IV decreased into ranges of hypophosphataemia already 1 week after beginning of zeolite A feeding. The mean DMI postpartum as well as the milk yield was not affected by zeolite A supplementation. Feeding of 23 g zeolite A/kg DM TMR prepartum proved to be an adequate dosage for reducing subclinical hypocalcaemia frequency without significant effects on feed intake and P(i) concentration in serum.
A Survey of Field-based Testing Techniques (2021)

Field testing refers to testing techniques that operate in the field to reveal those faults that escape in-house testing. Field testing techniques are becoming increasingly popular with the growing complexity of contemporary software systems. In this article, we present the first systematic survey of field testing approaches over a body of 80 collected studies, and propose their categorization based on the environment and the system on which field testing is performed. We discuss four research questions addressing how software is tested in the field, what is tested in the field, which are the requirements , and how field tests are managed , and identify many challenging research directions.
High-dose therapy and transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1999)

High-dose therapy and transplantation have been explored as a therapeutic option for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) for the past two decades, in an effort to improve the long-term outcome of this spectrum of disorders. Although a plethora of pilot and phase II studies in the various subtypes of NHL have been reported, there is a problematic lack of randomized phase III trials that would aid in answering important questions regarding the role of transplantation in these disease processes. The results of transplantation trials for these patients are also confounded by the relatively short follow-up intervals in low-grade NHL and small patient numbers in studies of transplantation for less common NHL subtypes, such as lymphoblastic, Burkitt's, and mantle cell lymphomas. The emerging late toxicities of transplantation are of increasing concern and underscore the need for more studies that address questions of relative therapeutic benefits. Fortunately, the limitations of these existing studies are recognized, and new transplantation trials presently underway or in development are beginning to address these concerns. As clinical transplantation moves into a more mature phase, these phase III studies should provide more definitive answers as to the specific role of transplantation in specific subtypes of NHL.
<i>In vitro</i> Activity of Bcr-Abl Inhibitors AMN107 and BMS-354825 against Clinically Relevant Imatinib-Resistant Abl Kinase Domain Mutants (2005)

Imatinib, a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a highly effective therapy for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Despite durable responses in most chronic phase patients, relapses have been observed and are much more prevalent in patients with advanced disease. The most common mechanism of acquired imatinib resistance has been traced to Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutations with decreased imatinib sensitivity. Thus, alternate Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors that have activity against imatinib-resistant mutants would be useful for patients who relapse on imatinib therapy. Two such Bcr-Abl inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials: the improved potency, selective Abl inhibitor AMN107 and the highly potent dual Src/Abl inhibitor BMS-354825. In the current article, we compared imatinib, AMN107, and BMS-354825 in cellular and biochemical assays against a panel of 16 kinase domain mutants representing >90% of clinical isolates. We report that AMN107 and BMS-354825 are 20-fold and 325-fold more potent than imatinib against cells expressing wild-type Bcr-Abl and that similar improvements are maintained for all imatinib-resistant mutants tested, with the exception of T315I. Thus, both inhibitors hold promise for treating imatinib-refractory CML.
40 Gbit/s demultiplexing experiment with 10 GHzall-optical clockrecovery using a modelocked semiconductor laser (1996)

A 40 Gbit/s time-division multiplexed signal was demultiplexed to 10 Gbit/s using a single modelocked semiconductor laser as the clock source. The pulses of the laser directly control an all-optical switch for demultiplexing.
Distribution of plasmid-borne resistance to nucleic acid binding compounds in methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus</i> aureus (1985)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which are epidemic in Australian hospitals have been found to be genetically different from strains previously isolated in Australia and in Europe. A characteristic feature of the recent Australian isolates is a plasmid which encodes resistance to nucleic acid binding compounds (NAB) such as propamidine isethionate. Of 753 MRSA strains isolated from around the world in 1980-1983, c. 60% were NAB resistant. The determinant for this resistance could be transferred from 90% of strains to a recipient strain in mixed culture. A plasmid analysis revealed that, in general, the largest plasmid of MRSA isolates coded for NAB resistance and may carry other determinants for penicillinase production and resistance to gentamicin, trimethoprim, neomycin, tetracycline, cadmium and mercury. Some plasmids exhibited unusual behaviour with the appearance of deletion mutants after transfer and, in one case, a high-frequency alteration in the expression of gentamicin resistance from high-level to low-level resistance, correlated to a deletion of c. 0.5 megadalton of plasmid DNA. These results demonstrate that these NAB-resistance plasmids are not unique to Australian MRSA strains but are widely distributed throughout the world.
Pre‐processing procedures for raw point clouds from terrestrial laser scanners (2007)

The use of geometric primitives such as geometric curvature, variances of curvature and surface normal vectors as pre‐processing methods for edge and boundary detection in three‐dimensional (3D) unorganised point clouds is proposed. These processes are important for high‐level procedures such as registration, segmentation, classification and detection of specific shapes or objects in point clouds. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods, we present examples of tree detection and segmentation of terrestrial laser scanner point clouds.
Expert consensus document on the measurement of aortic stiffness in daily practice using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (2012)

Stiffness of elastic arteries like the aorta predicts cardiovascular risk. By directly reflecting arterial stiffness, having the best predictive value for cardiovascular outcome and the ease of its measurement, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is now considered the gold standard for arterial stiffness assessment in daily practice. Many different measurement procedures have been proposed. Therefore, standardization of its measurement is urgently needed, particularly regarding the distance measurement. This consensus document advises on the measurement procedures in general and provides arguments for the use of 80% of the direct carotid-femoral distance as the most accurate distance estimate. It also advises the use of 10 m/s as new cut-off value for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine is Increased in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (2007)

ADMA plasma levels correlate with the severity of pulmonary vascular disease and predict outcome in patients with CTEPH. Measurement of ADMA plasma levels may be useful for estimating the degree of small-vessel arteriopathy in CTEPH.
Improved Low-Temperature Si-Si Hydrophilic Wafer Bonding (2003)

Low-temperature processing is important for bond and exfoliation and materials integration techniques. Of particular importance for hydrophilic wafer bonding is the reduction and removal of thermally generated voids at the bond interface, i.e., voids not caused by particulates. Possible causes of thermally generated voids are excess water and hydrocarbon contamination, both at the bond interface. Several bonding preparation techniques were explored, and the effects on interfacial void density and bond strength were recorded. After bonding, all wafer pairs were annealed to 250°C. Infrared imaging was used to monitor void formation, and bond strength was measured using the blade insertion method. Microvoids with lateral dimensions greater than 30 μm were imaged using acoustic microscopy. The highest bond strength was 1260 for plasma-cleaned wafers followed closely by 1150 for an HF oxide strip before hydrophilization. In addition to these techniques, bonding in a vacuum or the use of a prebond anneal were able to eliminate interfacial voids up to the anneal temperature. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Data Visualization for the Characterization of Naphthenic Acids within Petroleum Samples (2009)

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has made a significant contribution to the characterization of naphthenic acids in petroleum samples. The characterization of naphthenic acids is of particular interest due to their believed involvement in corrosion and deposit formation, as well as their toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Analysis of a complex mixture, such as a petroleum sample, can present challenges in terms of data analysis and visualization. A variety of graphical methods for representing the data are evaluated, and the use of a heat map, a method primarily used within molecular biology, is highlighted. An Athabasca oil sands sample was characterized and compounds of the empirical formula CnH2n+zOx, where x = 2−5, were observed. The range of oxygen content is of particular relevance in light of other research, which has shown that the total acid number of a petroleum sample is not a reliable method for evaluating the acid content, as not all of the acids are monoprotic.
Identification of Characteristic Fatty Acids to Quantify Triacylglycerols in Microalgae (2016)

The fatty acid profiles of lipids from microalgae are unique. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are generally enriched in polar lipids, whereas saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids constitute the majority of fatty acids in triacylglycerols (TAG). Each species has characteristic fatty acids, and their content is positively or negatively correlated with TAGs. The marine oleaginous diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was used as the paradigm to determine the quantitative relationship between TAG and characteristic fatty acid content. Fatty acid profiles and TAG content of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were determined in a time course. C16:0/C16:1 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) were identified as characteristic fatty acids in TAGs and polar lipids, respectively. The percentage of those characteristic fatty acids in total fatty acids had a significant linear relationship with TAG content, and thus, the correlation coefficient presenting r (2) were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively. The fatty acid-based method for TAG quantification could also be applied to other microalgae such as Nannochloropsis oceanica in which the r (2) of C16:0 and EPA were 0.94 and 0.97, respectively, and in Chlorella pyrenoidosa r (2)-values for C18:1 and C18:3 with TAG content were 0.91 and 0.99, repectively. This characteristic fatty acid-based method provided a distinct way to quantify TAGs in microalgae, by which TAGs could be measured precisely by immediate transesterification from wet biomass rather than using conventional methods. This procedure simplified the operation and required smaller samples than conventional methods.
Spatially dependent regularization parameter selection in total generalized variation models for image restoration (2012)

In this paper, the automated spatially dependent regularization parameter selection framework for multi-scale image restoration is applied to total generalized variation (TGV) of order 2. Well-posedness of the underlying continuous models is discussed and an algorithm for the numerical solution is developed. Experiments confirm that due to the spatially adapted regularization parameter, the method allows for a faithful and simultaneous recovery of fine structures and smooth regions in images. Moreover, because of the TGV regularization term, the adverse staircasing effect, which is a well-known drawback of the total variation regularization, is avoided.
Serum peptidome for cancer detection: spinning biologic trash into diagnostic gold (2005)

The low molecular weight region of the serum peptidome contains protein fragments derived from 2 sources: (a) high-abundance endogenous circulating proteins and (b) cell and tissue proteins. While some researchers have dismissed the serum peptidome as biological trash, recent work using mass spectrometry-based (MS-based) profiling has indicated that the peptidome may reflect biological events and contain diagnostic biomarkers. In this issue of the JCI, Villanueva et al. report on MS-based peptide profiling of serum samples from patients with advanced prostate, bladder, or breast cancer as well as from healthy controls. Surprisingly, the peptides identified as cancer-type-specific markers proved to be products of enzymatic breakdown generated after patient blood collection. The impact of these results on cancer biomarker discovery efforts is significant because it is widely believed that proteolysis occurring ex vivo should be suppressed because it destroys endogenous biomarkers. Villanueva et al. now suggest that this suppression may in fact be preventing biomarker generation.
Analysis of the propulsion and manoeuvring characteristics of survey-style AUVs and the development of a multi-purpose AUV (2009)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are a developing technology with multiple applications including oceanographic research, military missions and commercial activities such as oil and gas field exploration. The reported research covers two main areas, namely, the assessment of the survey performance of AUVs and the development of the next generation of multi-purpose AUVs.<br/>The performance characteristics of long range survey-style AUVs are examined and improvements in performance are sought through the use of hybrid devices. Hybrid devices are defined as those that provide both propulsion and manoeuvring forces. Two devices were chosen for detailed investigation; a vectored thruster and a collective and cyclic pitch propeller. The manoeuvring performance of both devices was found to be insufficient to justify the additional engineering complexity associated with them.<br/>The aim of the next generation of AUVs is to be able to combine long range survey capabilities with low speed investigation of the environment encountered. An assessment of a likely mission profile and a review of the available design options demonstrate that maintaining the survey efficiency of the AUV is of principal importance. Therefore the investigation focuses on approaches to the addition of low speed control to an existing survey-style AUV design using propeller based thrusters. Externally mounted thrusters and through-body tunnel thrusters are reviewed and new experimental investigations are reported to provide insight into the performance characteristics on a survey-style AUV hull form.<br/>The main body of the experimental programme characterises forward and aft mounted tunnel thruster performance over a range of forward speeds and small yaw angles. The results are used to develop a new, simple modelling procedure representing the performance of tunnel thrusters on an AUV which facilitates the incorporation of the characteristics of tunnel thrusters into numerical simulations of AUV performance. Such a simulation is used to examine approaches to undertaking the transition phase between high speed survey and low speed manoeuvring operation. The results demonstrate the advantageous nature of undertaking a smooth interchange between control approaches considering both the vehicle performance and the energy demands.
Sulfosuccinates for Emulsion Polymerization (2003)

Sulfosuccinates are anionic surfactants based on maleic acid anhydride. One distinguishes mono- and dialkyl esters of the sulfosuccinic acid, both are obtained in a two-step process. Sulfosuccinates are used in many different fields of application. The dialkyl esters are weakly foaming surfactants with good wetting power. In fiber technology, they are used in spinning oils for nylon production, in agriculture for pesticide formulations in crop protection as well as in paint formulations and in the leather industry. With regard to household products, the dialkyl esters are used for specific glass cleaners and for carpet shampoos, only to name some. Sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are good foaming surfactants, more particularly those based on ethoxylated fatty alcohols which exhibit outstanding skin compatibilities. So far they are used in personal care products like shower gels, shampoos, and skin-cleaners. Both the mono- and the dialkyl sulfosuccinates are used as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerisation and this report is focussing on this application.
Static scheduling algorithms for allocating directed task graphs to multiprocessors (1999)

Static scheduling of a program represented by a directed task graph on a multiprocessor system to minimize the program completion time is a well-known problem in parallel processing. Since finding an optimal schedule is an NP-complete problem in general, researchers have resorted to devising efficient heuristics. A plethora of heuristics have been proposed based on a wide spectrum of techniques, including branch-and-bound, integer-programming, searching, graph-theory, randomization, genetic algorithms, and evolutionary methods. The objective of this survey is to describe various scheduling algorithms and their functionalities in a contrasting fashion as well as examine their relative merits in terms of performance and time-complexity. Since these algorithms are based on diverse assumptions, they differ in their functionalities, and hence are difficult to describe in a unified context. We propose a taxonomy that classifies these algorithms into different categories. We consider 27 scheduling algorithms, with each algorithm explained through an easy-to-understand description followed by an illustrative example to demonstrate its operation. We also outline some of the novel and promising optimization approaches and current research trends in the area. Finally, we give an overview of the software tools that provide scheduling/mapping functionalities.