gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semianalytic pulsed coherent laser radar equation for coaxial and apertured systems using nearest Gaussian approximation (2010)

We present a semianalytic pulsed coherent laser radar (CLR) equation for coaxial and apertured systems. It combines the conventional CLR equation, numerical Fresnel integration (NFI), and nearest Gaussian approximation, using correction factors that correspond to beam truncation. The range dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio obtained by this semianalytic equation was found to agree well with the precise NFI solution for not only the focal range, but also the near-field range. Furthermore, the optimum beam truncation condition depending on the atmospheric refractive index structure constant is shown. The derived equation is useful for precisely predicting the CLR performance simply by its semianalytic expression.
P‐164L: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : The Study of Film Formation Process by Electrospray Method to Manufacture High Productivity Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Devices (2014)

Abstract New film forming technique with electrospray (ES) method capable of forming films in the atmosphere is proposed to correspond to larger organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device and reduce manufacturing cost to achieve commercial viability.
Confectionery fats handbook: Properties, production and application (2003)

Introduction Physical chemistry Analytical methods Raw materials Processing of raw materials Production and properties Applications Bloom, rancidity and migration Adulteration, detection and quantification Legislation and regulatory aspects Appendices: Suppliers and products.
SDViNet: A software defined virtual network management platform in IaaS cloud (2014)

A possible approach to address the ossification of the Internet is to set up multiple virtual networks on top of a single shared physical substrate, and each virtual network can be customized to some specific purposes. However, the current realization of virtualized infrastructure, more specifically, the IaaS cloud and network testbed, suffer from the limited programmability or high cost. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose SDViNet, a solution combining the network virtualization concept applied in IaaS cloud and SDN (Software Defined Network)-based networking testbed. It aims to achieve flexible programmable virtual network abstraction, extend the system at scale and underlying technology easily, and utilize the existing cloud platforms and commercial devices at low-cost. SDViNet is comprised of a centralized server, a set of distributed agents and a central OpenFlow controller, which communicates with the underlying packet delivery fabric. Our prototype implementation and case study show that it is feasible to provide a programmable virtual network in the IaaS cloud, while utilizing the virtualized infrastructure in an extensible and lost-cost way.
Fundamentals of laser diode amplifiers (1996)

Basic Principles of Optical Amplifiers Optical Amplification in Semiconductor Laser Diodes Analysis of Transverse Modal Field in Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers Analysis and Modelling of Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers: Gain and Saturation Characteristics Analysis and Modelling of Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers: Noise Characteristics Experimental Studies on Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers.
Somali Current: Recent Measurements During the Southwest Monsoon (1977)

The Somali Current was measured at approximately maximum strength for the year during the southwest monsoon on 11 and 12 August 1975 (approximately 1(1/2) days) at stations spaced 20 to 35 kilometers apart. These measurements permit a nearly synoptic detailed mapping of the temperature structure of a major western boundary current.
Minimally instrumented SHERLOCK (miSHERLOCK) for CRISPR-based point-of-care diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for diagnostics that can be rapidly adapted and deployed in a variety of settings. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants have shown worrisome effects on vaccine and treatment efficacy, but no current point-of-care (POC) testing modality allows their specific identification. We have developed miSHERLOCK, a low-cost, CRISPR-based POC diagnostic platform that takes unprocessed patient saliva; extracts, purifies, and concentrates viral RNA; performs amplification and detection reactions; and provides fluorescent visual output with only three user actions and 1 hour from sample input to answer out. miSHERLOCK achieves highly sensitive multiplexed detection of SARS-CoV-2 and mutations associated with variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. Our modular system enables easy exchange of assays to address diverse user needs and can be rapidly reconfigured to detect different viruses and variants of concern. An adjunctive smartphone application enables output quantification, automated interpretation, and the possibility of remote, distributed result reporting.
A 1.2-V reconfigurable resolution CMOS image sensor with energy harvesting capability (2010)

In this paper, we propose a low voltage, low power, reconfigurable resolution CMOS image sensor with energy harvesting capability for wireless image sensor networks. Logarithmic type pixel is adopted to provide a wide dynamic range for image capturing. Semi-pixel level single slope analog-to-digital conversion is realized by employing in-pixel transistors as a part of the column comparator. A correlated double sampling (CDS) control transistor is introduced to remove fixed pattern noise (FPN) due to transistor threshold voltage variations. Energy/power scalability is achieved through reconfiguring the spatial resolution of the imager. The photodiode in the proposed pixel can be used as an energy harvesting device to scavenge energy from the ambient light after photo-sensing. The proposed 64 × 66 imager is designed with AMIS CMOS 0.35-μm digital process, and operates at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. It can achieve a dynamic range of 108.6 dB with an energy efficiency of 10.74 nJ/pixel/frame in simulation. A comparison with other reported designs reveals that the proposed imager is one of the most energy efficient imagers of wide dynamic range. Moreover, the energy harvesting capability of the proposed imager could lead to further improved energy efficiency.
Transduction Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes in Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes (2008)

Porous carbon materials and carbon nanotubes were recently used as solid contacts in ion-selective electrodes (ISE), and the signal transduction mechanism of these carbon-based materials is therefore of great interest. In this work the ion-to-electron transduction mechanism of carbon nanotubes is studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are deposited on glassy carbon (GC) disk electrodes by repetitive spraying, resulting in SWCNT layers with thicknesses of 10, 35, and 50 mum. The impedance spectra of these GC/SWCNT electrodes in contact with aqueous electrolyte solution show a very small resistance and a large bulk capacitance that is related to a large effective double layer at the SWCNT/electrolyte interface. Interestingly, the impedance response of GC/SWCNT is very similar to that of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film electrodes studied earlier under the same experimental conditions. The same equivalent circuit is valid for both types of materials. The reason is that both materials can be described schematically as an asymmetric capacitor where one side is formed by electronic charge (electrons/holes) in the SWCNT wall or along the conjugated polymer chain of PEDOT and the other side is formed by ions (anions/cations) in the solution (or in the ion-selective membrane when used as a solid contact in ISE).
Powertrain Torque Management (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Powertrain Torque Management is a control scheme to optimize engine torque and speed within the design contraints of the transmission and driveline. The strategy allows usage of high performance engines in today's vehicles without a corresponding increase in transmission/drivetrain size and torque capacity combined with potential improvements in durability, pleaseability, and performance. The purpose of this paper is to outline the development and implementation of such a strategy in conjunction with a family of V-6 engines being designed by the Buick, Oldsmobile, Cadillac Group (BOC) of General Motors Corporation.</div>
Remodeling of collagen matrix by human tumor cells requires activation and cell surface association of matrix metalloproteinase-2. (1998)

We assessed the functional significance of tumor cell-associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in extracellular matrix remodeling compared with that of the soluble enzyme by evaluating the contraction of three-dimensional collagen lattices by human glioma U251.3 and fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell lines. In this model, the constitutive synthesis and activation of the MMP-2 proenzyme were modulated by stable transfections of tumor cells with cDNA encoding membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP). The efficiency of transfected cells in contracting collagen lattices was shown to be dependent on the MT1-MMP-mediated activation of MMP-2 accompanied by cell surface association of activated MMP-2, on the cell-matrix interactions controlled by collagen-specific integrins, and on the integrity of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Each one of these mechanisms was essential but was not sufficient by itself in accomplishing gel contraction by MT1-MMP-transfected cells. Both MMP-2 activation and gel contraction by transfected glioma cells were inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and the recombinant COOH-terminal domain of MMP-2. However, the kinetics and mechanisms of their inhibitory effects were different, because TIMP-2 and the COOH-terminal domain of MMP-2 preferentially inhibited the MT1-MMP-dependent and autocatalytic steps of MMP-2 activation, respectively. By contrast, TIMP-1, an efficient inhibitor of soluble MMP-2 activity, failed to affect gel contraction. In addition, soluble MMP-2 activated by either organomercurials or cells was not able to induce the contraction of collagen lattices when added to transfected cells. Therefore, soluble activated MMP-2, sensitive to TIMP-1 inhibition, does not mediate collagen gel contraction by tumor cells, whereas the activity of cell surface-associated MMP-2 plays a critical role in remodeling of the extracellular matrix in vitro. These mechanisms of functional and spatial regulation of MMP-2 may also be applicable to different aspects of tissue reorganization in vivo, including cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and wound healing.
Hypersonic Slender-Cone Boundary-Layer Instability in the UMD HyperTERP Shock Tunnel (2020)

Results from a stability investigation using quad-focused laser differential interferometry (q-FLDI) and high-speed schlieren cinematography of hypersonic flow over a cooled and uncooled 5◦ half-angle cone are presented in this paper. The frequency and phase-speed of the largest-amplitude disturbance (largest N factor) as predicted by STABL and measured by FLDI or schlieren were in excellent agreement for the room-temperature cases and good agreement for the cooled-wall cases. A comparison between a cooled-wall and room- temperature shot at nominally the same Reynolds number shows the interesting result of the later transition to turbulence for the cooled-wall shot. Our hypothesis is: cooled-wall cases have higher growth rates and higher most-amplified frequencies. Because there is less wind-tunnel noise at higher frequency, transition will occur at a higher Reynolds number.
Diversified Dual Domain-Adversarial Neural Networks (2018)

The application cost machine learning methods often rely on the availability of large-scale data collection and annotation, especially in the cases of cross-domain learning. One way to circumvent this cost is constructing models to synthesize data and provide automatic annotation. Although these models are attractive, they often can not be generalized from synthetic images to real-world images. Therefore, domain adaptive algorithm is needed to improve these models, so that they can be applied successfully. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptive framework codenamed D-DANN inspired by the theory of adversarial learning. We apply the discriminator to diverse the features extracted from dual branch CNN. We can obtain more sufficient shared representation across domains by the proposed dual feature extractors. The framework can be easily adapt to most popular CNN models to improve the representation power. We implement the D-DANN with several popular CNN models including LeNet, AlexNet and so on. Using these D-DANN enhanced neural networks, we conduct extensive experiments on several pairs of domain adaptive validation datasets. The results show that our approach can efficiently enhance domain adaptive capability of general CNN models for unlabeled data.
Alphavirus RNA synthesis and non-structural protein functions (2015)

The members of the genus Alphavirus are positive-sense RNA viruses, which are predominantly transmitted to vertebrates by a mosquito vector. Alphavirus disease in humans can be severely debilitating, and depending on the particular viral species, infection may result in encephalitis and possibly death. In recent years, alphaviruses have received significant attention from public health authorities as a consequence of the dramatic emergence of chikungunya virus in the Indian Ocean islands and the Caribbean. Currently, no safe, approved or effective vaccine or antiviral intervention exists for human alphavirus infection. The molecular biology of alphavirus RNA synthesis has been well studied in a few species of the genus and represents a general target for antiviral drug development. This review describes what is currently understood about the regulation of alphavirus RNA synthesis, the roles of the viral non-structural proteins in this process and the functions of cis-acting RNA elements in replication, and points to open questions within the field.
Development of a New Thiol Site-Specific Prosthetic Group and Its Conjugation with [Cys<sup>40</sup>]-exendin-4 for in Vivo Targeting of Insulinomas (2013)

A new tracer, N-5-[(18)F]fluoropentylmaleimide ([(18)F]FPenM), for site-specific labeling of free thiol group in proteins and peptides was developed. The tracer was synthesized in three steps ((18)F displacement of the aliphatic tosylate, di-Boc removal by TFA to expose free amine, and incorporation of the free amine into a maleimide). The radiosynthesis was completed in 110 min with 11-17% radiochemical yield (uncorrected), and specific activity of 20-49 GBq/μmol. [(18)F]FPenM showed comparable labeling efficiency with N-[2-(4-[(18)F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([(18)F]FBEM). Its application was demonstrated by conjugation with glucagon-like peptide type 1 (GLP-1) analogue [cys(40)]-exendin-4. The cell uptake, binding affinity, imaging properties, biodistribution, and metabolic stability of the radiolabeled [(18)F]FPenM-[cys(40)]-exendin-4 were studied using INS-1 tumor cells and INS-1 xenograft model. Positron emission tomography (PET) results showed that the new thiol-specific tracer, [(18)F]FPenM-[cys(40)]-exendin-4, had high tumor uptake (20.32 ± 4.36%ID/g at 60 min postinjection) and rapid liver and kidney clearance, which was comparable to the imaging results with [(18)F]FBEM-[cys(40)]-exendin-4 reported by our group.
Pulse Wave Imaging for Noninvasive and Quantitative Measurement of Arterial Stiffness In Vivo (2010)

Reliability and in vivo feasibility of the proposed PWI method were demonstrated in this study. Its simplicity of use and its capability of providing regional PWV render PWI a valuable tool for quantitative assessment of arterial stiffness. The utility of the method in a clinical setting has yet to be established and is part of an ongoing clinical study.
Alloying behavior of Ni/Au-Ge films on GaAs (1980)

Alloying behavior of thin Ni/Au-Ge films deposited on a GaAs substrate is investigated by using a microprobe Auger spectrometer and an x-ray diffractometer. The deposited films react with the substrate above 300 °C to form alloys with complex multilayer structure in the 300–400 °C temperature range and alloys with microscopic grain structure above 450 °C. Uniform alloying, accompanied with a smooth interface, is observed and is ascribed to the high reactivity of Ni with GaAs under a solid-solid phase. However, when the sample is annealed in the solid-solid phase, Ni penetrates irregularly into the GaAs substrate, if the annealing duration is too long, causing poor Ohmicity. Rapid Ge moving to the substrate interface is observed at 400 °C and is closely related to the formation of a Ge-doped degenerate layer beneath the contact. The high reliability of the contract, which is obtained when annealed at 500 °C, is explained by the metallurgical stability of the grain structure. Based on the results of this study, some rules for III-V compound semiconductor contact fabrication are proposed.
Effect of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing on Population-Based Incidence Rates of Clostridium difficile Infection (2013)

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is increasingly being adopted for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Data from 3 states conducting population-based CDI surveillance showed increases ranging from 43% to 67% in CDI incidence attributable to changing from toxin enzyme immunoassays to NAAT. CDI surveillance requires adjustment for testing methods.
Synthesis of (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene derivatives (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene derivativesAkira Ando, Takuichi Miki, and Itsumaro KumadakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 15, 3637–3639Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00250a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00250a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relative Toxicity of Minor Cotton Terpenoids Compared to Gossypol2 (1978)

The antibiotic activities of 3 compounds that have been described as insecticidal were compared to that of the closely related gossypol. No difference in toxicity was noted. Since gossypol content always was in excess of these substances, they may serve to supplement the activity of gossypol but, in themselves, are only of minor importance.
Palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer (2008)

Despite numerous diagnostic possibilities the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is still an exemption. Only 10-15% of patients are diagnosed at a stage where the tumor is resectable. Thus, most patients are treated with a palliative intention at first diagnosis. Palliative treatment comprises different therapeutic modalities involving radiochemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, in particular, has been challenged by several new concepts involving combination regimens and the addition of targeted therapies to conventional therapeutic regimens. This review offers a critical presentation of current concepts in the palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer, discussing the problems of each and pointing to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Near-optimal data detection for two-dimensional ISI/AWGN channels using concatenated modeling and iterative algorithms (2002)

The general problem of performing digital data detection for a two-dimensional (2D) systems is considered with the specific application of page-access optical memory systems in mind. A simple 2D intersymbol interference (ISI) channel with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is assumed. An equivalent signal model consisting of two one-dimensional systems separated by a block interleaver is developed and used to motivate the application of previously developed algorithms for data detection in concatenated systems. The resulting iterative detection algorithms, which are based on soft-output algorithms, are demonstrated to achieve near-optimal performance even for very severe 2D ISI channels.
Overview of Operations for Morbid Obesity (1998)

Massive obesity is prevalent and associated with serious comorbidities. For patients who cannot sustain weight loss, malabsorption and gastric reduction operations have been developed. Patients with the former operation require surveillance for protein malnutrition and other sequelae; those with gastric reduction require a permanent tiny reservoir and stoma. Long-term follow-up surveillance is necessary. Postoperatively, 15% to 40% of patients, depending on the operative procedure performed, fail to maintain adequate weight loss. Successful weight loss in most of these patients makes this challenging surgery worthwhile, with alleviation of devastating disease and marked improvement in quality of life.
Automatic face color segmentation based rate control for low bit-rate video coding (2003)

In this paper, we propose automatic face segmentation based on skin color information and post-processing methods for low bitrate video coding applications. The proposed algorithm is used in conjunction with our proposed dynamic face based rate-control algorithm, based on the H.263 TMN8 R-D model, using an automatic enhancement weight setting (AEWS) scheme to intelligently allocate a higher number of bits to the face region. Our proposed scheme works well with a variety of video sequences, which possess different skin color characteristics and different complexity natures. Simulation results indicate that our proposed scheme encodes the video sequences with visibly higher quality on face regions with some introduced degradation to non-face regions, which are insensitive to human perception. Our proposed algorithm is also H.263 compatible, and of low-complexity, which makes the algorithm suitable for use in real time communications.
A new approach to compress the configuration information of programmable devices (2006)

During the last decade programmable devices have gained an impressive diffusion, tackling some traditional ASIC marked domains. In particular, multi-million gates FPGAs have become a very appealing low-cost solution even for consumer applications. However, one of the big issues that can arise with modern FPGA devices is the need for large and expensive external non-volatile memory to keep the configuration data. In this work we developed an alternative technique to compress FPGA bitstreams based on the knowledge of the device internal structure. The proposed method performs a two-step coder: in the first step the bitstream is adoptively "filtered" to remove data redundancy, while in the second step an arithmetic coder is used to actually compress the information. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been demonstrated on a set of case studies. As a result conventional approaches are outperformed reaching a compression ratio of 4.26 against 3.3 times