gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proxy Caching Scheme Based on the User Access Pattern Analysis for Series Video Data (2004)

Dramatic increase in the number of Internet users want highly qualified service of continuous media contents on the web. To solve these problems, we present two network caching schemes(PPC, PPCwP) which consider the characteristics of continuous media objects and user access pattern in this paper. While there are plenty of reasons to create rich media contents, delivering this high bandwidth contents over the internet presents problems such as server overload, network congestion and client-perceived latency. PPC scheme periodically calculates the popularity of objects based on the playback quantity and determines the optimal size of the initial fraction of a continuous media object to be cached in proportion to the calculated popularity. PPCwP scheme calculates the expected popularity using the series information and prefetches the expected initial fraction of newly created continuous media objects. Under the PPCwP scheme, the initial client-perceived latency and the data transferred from a remote server can be reduced and limited cache storage space can be utilized efficiently. Trace-driven simulation have been performed to evaluate the presented caching schemes using the log-files of iMBC. Through these simulations, PPC and PPCwP outperforms LRU and LFU in terms of BHR and DSR.
Fatty Acids and Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents (1972)

The structural relationships of 30 straight-chain fatty acids and derivatives and their bactericidal properties were studied with 8 gram-negative and 12 grampositive organisms. Chain length, unsaturation (cis, trans), and functional group were all variables considered in this study. Our data indicate that C(12) (lauric acid) is the most inhibitory saturated fatty acid against gram-positive organisms. Monoenoic acid (C(18:1)) was more inhibitory than saturated fatty acid, but was less active than dienoic derivatives (C(18:2)). Other unsaturated compounds were less active than C(18:2). Alcohols and glyceryl esters were active only against gram-positive organisms. In general, esterification of the carboxyl group led to a compound which was less active; monoglycerides were the sole exception. Amine derivatives, contrary to results with fatty acids, esters, and amides, showed activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Phase shift variance imaging - a new technique for destructive microbubble imaging (2013)

The detection of microbubble contrast agents with ultrasound imaging techniques is the subject of ongoing research. Commonly, the nonlinear response of the agent is employed for detection. The performance of these techniques is, however, affected by nonlinear sound propagation. As an alternative, the change in echo response resulting from microbubble destruction can be employed to detect the agent. In this work, we propose a novel criterion for microbubble destruction detection that allows the rejection of tissue at a defined significance level even for highly echogenic structures in the presence of nonlinear propagation. Most clinical systems provide the hardware requirements for acquisitions consisting of multiple pulses transmitted at the same position, as used in Doppler imaging. Therefore, we develop a processing strategy that distinguishes contrast agent from other stationary or moving structures using these sequences. The proposed criterion is based on the variance of the phase shift of consecutive echoes in the sequence, which, in addition to tissue rejection, permits the distinction of motion from agent disruption. Phantom experiments are conducted to show the validity of the criterion and demonstrate the performance of the new method for contrast detection. Each detection series consists of 20 identical pulses at 9.5 MHz (4.7 MPa peak negative pressure) transmitted at a pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz. The sequence is applied to phantoms under varied motion and flow conditions. As a first step toward molecular imaging, the technique is applied to microbubbles targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in vitro. The results show a uniform rejection of the background signal while maintaining a contrast enhancement by more than 40 dB. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve is used as the performance metric for the separation of contrast agent and tissue signals, and values larger than 97% demonstrate that an excellent separation was achieved.
Patterning Bacteria within Hyperbranched Polymer Film Templates (2002)

A four-step soft lithographic process based on microcontact printing (μCP) of organic monolayers, hyperbranched polymer grafting, and subsequent polymer functionalization, results in polymer/n-alkanethiol patterns that direct the seeding of bacterial cells. The functional units on these surfaces are three-dimensional bacteria “corrals” that are as small as 12 μm square. The corrals have hydrophobic, methyl-terminated n-alkanethiol bottoms, which promote bacterial adhesion, and walls consisting of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) layered nanocomposites that inhibit adhesion. Cell viability studies indicate that cells remain viable on the patterned surfaces. Large corrals (63 μm square) contain 18 ± 5 bacteria and smaller corrals (12 μm square) contain 2 ± 1 bacteria. Bacteria reside within corrals with a reliability of 92 ± 8%; the remaining cells reside on walls between corrals. Applications to bioarrays for high-throughput screening and biosensors are envisioned.
Formation of <i>cis</i>-Enediyne Complexes from Rhenium Alkynylcarbene Complexes (2002)

Dimerization of the alkynylcarbene complex Cp(CO)(2)Re=C(Tol)C(triple bond)CCH(3) (8) occurs at 100 degrees C to give a 1.2:1 mixture of enediyne complexes [Cp(CO)(2)Re](2)[eta(2),eta(2)-TolC(triple bond)CC(CH(3))=C(CH(3))C(triple bond)CTol] (10-Eand 10-Z), showing no intrinsic bias toward trans-enediyne complexes. The cyclopropyl-substituted alkynylcarbene complex Cp(CO)(2)Re=C(Tol)C(triple bond)CC(3)H(5) (11) dimerizes at 120 degrees C to give a 5:1 ratio of enediyne complexes [Cp(CO)(2)Re](2)[eta(2),eta(2)-TolC(triple bond)C(C(3)H(5))C=C(C(3)H(5))C(triple bond)CTol] (12-E and 12-Z); no ring expansion product was observed. This suggests that if intermediate A formed by a [1,1.5] Re shift and having carbene character at the remote alkynyl carbon is involved, then interaction of the neighboring Re with the carbene center greatly diminishes the carbene character as compared with that of free cyclopropyl carbenes. The tethered bis-(alkynylcarbene) complex Cp(CO)(2)Re=C(Tol)C(triple bond)CCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)C(triple bond)CC(Tol)= Re(CO)(2)Cp (13) dimerizes rapidly at 12 degrees C to give the cyclic cis-enediyne complex [Cp(CO)(2)Re](2)[eta(2),eta(2)-TolC(triple bond)CC(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2))=CC(triple bond)CTol] (15). Attempted synthesis of the 1,8-disubstituted naphthalene derivative 1,8-[Cp(CO)(2)Re=C(Tol)C(triple bond)C](2)C(10)H(6) (16), in which the alkynylcarbene units are constrained to a parallel geometry, leads to dimerization to [Cp(CO)(2)Re](2)(eta(2),eta(2)-1,2-(tolylethynyl)acenaphthylene] (17). The very rapid dimerizations of both 13 and 16 provide compelling evidence against mechanisms involving cyclopropene intermediates. A mechanism is proposed which involves rate-determining addition of the carbene center of A to the remote alkynyl carbon of a second alkynylcarbene complex to generate vinyl carbene intermediate C, and rearrangement of C to the enediyne complex by a [1,1.5] Re shift.
Forced Oscillations in Applied Respiratory Physiology: Clinical (2014)

In the present study, a review of the literature that examines the widely used clinical applications of Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) and Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) is attempted, in order to evaluate the contribution of the method to laboratory lung function testing. The typical modifications of respiratory impedance components and their diagnostic value are pointed out, as well as the parameters of optimal validity towards pathophysiology survey, but also the evaluation of effectiveness of treatment, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma, in stable disease and exacerbations. Moreover, the current data to evaluate upper intrathoracic and extrathoracic airways obstruction is presented, but also to evaluate the state of diseases with restrictive and mixed (obstructive/restrictive) pathophysiology. Finally, there is an individual report about the correlation between the frequency and the intensity of abnormal oscillometric indices and common signs and symptoms of patients suffering from above diseases, but also the correlation between these indices and established values of spirometry and body-plythesmography. In this review, studies on pediatric populations are not included and all the data referred to, concern adult patients.
Slow-Binding Inhibition of Mushroom (<i>Agaricus</i><i>b</i><i>isporus</i>) Tyrosinase Isoforms by Tropolone (1999)

A kinetic study of the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by tropolone has been made. Three tyrosinase isoforms were used: two commercial tyrosinases from Fluka and Sigma (isoelectric points of 4. 3 and 4.1, respectively) and one purified isoform from mushroom strain U1 (isoelectric point of 4.5). Tropolone is a slow-binding inhibitor of these mushroom tyrosinase isoforms. Increasing tropolone concentrations provoked a progressive decrease in both the initial velocity and the final (inhibited) steady-state rate in the progress curves of product accumulation. A rapid formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex, which further undergoes a slow reversible reaction, could take place since the inhibition of the different isoforms was partially reversed by the addition of CuSO(4). The kinetic parameters that described the inhibition by tropolone were evaluated by nonlinear regression fits. Incubation experiments of the different isoforms with tropolone demonstrated that this inhibitor only could bind to the "oxy" form of tyrosinase which justifies a mechanism previously proposed to explain the inhibition of tyrosinase by slow-binding inhibitors.
Lipase/Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Hydroxy Acids, Diols, and Hydroxy Aldehydes Protected with a Bulky Group (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTLipase/Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Hydroxy Acids, Diols, and Hydroxy Aldehydes Protected with a Bulky GroupMahn-Joo Kim, Yoon Kyung Choi, Min Young Choi, Mi Jung Kim, and Jaiwook ParkView Author Information National Research Laboratory of Chirotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 13, 4736–4738Publication Date (Web):June 2, 2001Publication History Received21 March 2001Published online2 June 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0156417https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0156417brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views691Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Chemical reactions,Diols,Peptides and proteins,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Prolactin influences autoimmune disease activity in the female B/W mouse (1991)

Prolactin, an anterior pituitary hormone, stimulates humoral and cell-mediated immunity. This study investigated effects of manipulating prolactin levels in the autoimmune B/W mouse model of SLE. A group of B/W females was treated with daily injections of the prolactin-suppressing drug, bromocriptine. These mice had delayed elevation of anti-DNA antibodies and serum IgG; longevity was increased compared to control mice. Functioning syngeneic pituitary glands, implanted under the renal capsule, produced prolonged hyperprolactinemia in a separate group of female B/W mice. Hyperprolactinemic animals were characterized by premature albuminuria, elevated circulating gp70IC and IgG, and accelerated mortality. Analyses of thymic and splenic lymphocytes revealed no differences in lymphocyte subpopulations in mice with altered prolactin levels. This is the first report to substantiate an immunomodulatory role for prolactin in B/W mice. Further evaluation of this model may identify specific means of intervening clinically with immunosuppressive hormone-modulating therapy in SLE.
Ultrasonic atomization on the tissue-bubble interface as a possible mechanism of tissue erosion in histotripsy. (2011)

When an intense ultrasound beam is directed at a free surface of a liquid, an acoustic fountain is produced that is typically accompanied by ejection of tiny droplets, i.e., liquid atomization. This phenomenon is usually attributed to instability of cavitation-produced capillary waves on the surface. In addition to capillary effects, a process called spallation may also contribute. Although the acoustic fountain is typically observed at a flat liquid surface, nothing prohibits the atomization from occurring at a curved surface. This brings about the possibility to create an acoustic fountain and droplet emission at the surface of a gas cavity in liquid or, similarly, in the bulk of soft biological tissue. The appropriate condition occurs when high-intensity ultrasound is focused in tissue and creates large (0.1–1 mm in diameter) bubbles due to acoustic cavitation or rapid boiling. To test this hypothesis, acoustic pressure distribution and the corresponding radiation force on the empty spherical cavity were calculated using finite difference modeling and spherical harmonic expansion. It is shown that in histotripsy regimes appropriate conditions appear for the atomization, which may be considered as a possible mechanism of tissue erosion. [Work supported by NIH EB007643, RFBR, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Expression of a novel cell surface lipophosphoglycan-like glycoconjugate in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. (1994)

The lipophosphoglycan (LPG)-like glycoconjugate expressed on the cell surface of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was isolated, purified, and partially characterized. The glycoconjugate migrated as a homogeneous band (42 kDa) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectral analysis of the native molecule indicated the presence of two major components whose molecular masses were about 18.4 and 22.5 kDa. The LPG could be metabolically labeled with [3H]galactose, [3H]mannose, [14C]glucose, or [3H]palmitic acid. Monosaccharide compositional analysis of the LPG indicated that galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid predominate over mannose, galactosamine, and inositol. A peptide associated with the LPG molecule contained about 40 amino acid residues per inositol and had threonine as the predominant amino acid. The LPG showed strong binding to Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 and Tritium vulgare wheat germ agglutinin, indicating the presence of terminal beta 1,4-linked galactosyl residue(s) and N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. Lectin binding studies also suggested the presence of a terminal beta-galactose and GlcNAc in the glycan-inositol lipid core of LPG. Virtually all of the sialic acids appeared to be located in the saccharide portion of the molecule. Treatment of the LPG with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C liberated an alkylacylglycerol. Structural analysis of the alkylacylglycerol and its acidic methanolysis products by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated that the glycerol substituents were primarily the C16 1-alkyl group and C16 2-acyl group. The ratio of inositol to 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol was 1:1. Treatment of the glycoconjugate with nitrous acid released a major phospholipid product that migrated close to the phosphatidylinositol standard on thin layer chromatography. This result implied that phosphatidylinositol was glycosidically linked to the nonacetylated amino sugar. Furthermore, the LPG was found to contain phosphate and was labile to mild acid hydrolysis, strongly suggesting that the intact molecule is related to Leishmania LPG. The most striking and unique feature of T. cruzi LPG is the presence of large amounts of glucosamine and sialic acid as well as galactosamine. These results indicate that the glycoconjugate expressed on the T. cruzi cell surface is a new type of LPG-like molecule anchored on the cell surface via an alkylacylphosphatidylinositol.
The 4:4 Block System: A Workable Alternative (1995)

Hope High School is attempting to meet the needs of teachers and stu dents with a reorganized schedule. Progress and problems are addressed.
Video Counting Devices Save Time, Reduce Injuries (2004)

This article describes how the American Water Quality Control and Research Laboratory simplified and accelerated its workload by using an automated bacterial colony counter to perform bacterial plate counts. The electronic counter combines video photography, image analysis, and data management in a spreadsheet format. Colony‐counting technology based on image analysis uses a high‐resolution monochrome or color video camera paired with a plate viewer. Video images are digitized, and colony forming units (CFU) are detected through their contrast to an agar background. For most instruments, the detection information is transferred to spreadsheet software. The article discusses evaluating the accuracy of the video counter, overall savings, and lists further sources of information.
Sulfur Compounds in Petroleum (1965)

The sulfur-containing constituents of petroleum have been of interest and concern to the petroleum industry almost since its beginning. However, only within the last 15 years has any significant progress been made in the identification of these sulfur compounds. This paper presents methods used in the isolation and identification of sulfur compounds and lists, by type or class, the 141 individual compounds identified in four crude oils by the Bureau of Mines-Am. Petroleum Inst. Research Project 48. Based on available techniques and identifications accomplished, suggestions are made relative to methods needed in future composition studies. The procedures described should have general application in the characterization of any crude oil.
A novel approach for the SARSAT system (1991)

A novel method for determining the location of a 406-MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) for the search and rescue satellite aided tracking (SARSAT) system is proposed. The technique uses information from a geostationary satellite (Geosat) link, as well as the conventional polar orbiting satellite links. The method is based on solving a system of equations to determine the range from the ELT to the polar orbiting satellite (Polarsat) for each signal transmitted. Only two pulses need to be received from the ELT in order to obtain a location estimate. The main difference between the procedure outlined and the global positioning system (GPS) is that accurate time information is not available in the transmissions since aircraft and marine vessels seldom have accurate time standards onboard.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interference-aware topology control and QoS routing in multi-channel wireless mesh networks (2005)

The throughput of wireless networks can be significantly improved by multi-channel communications compared with single-channel communications since the use of multiple channels can reduce interference influence. In this paper, we study interference-aware topology control and QoS routing in IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh networks with dynamic traffic. Channel assignment and routing are two basic issues in such networks. Different channel assignments can lead to different network topologies. We present a novel definition of co-channel interference. Based on this concept, we formally define and present an effective heuristic for the minimum INterference Survivable Topology Control (INSTC) problem which seeks a channel assignment for the given network such that the induced network topology is interference-minimum among all K-connected topologies. We then formulate the Bandwidth-Aware Routing (BAR) problem for a given network topology, which seeks routes for QoS connection requests with bandwidth requirements. We present a polynomial time optimal algorithm to solve the BAR problem under the assumption that traffic demands are splittable. For the non-splittable case, we present a maximum bottleneck capacity path routing heuristic. Simulation results show that compared with the simple common channel assignment and shortest path routing approach, our scheme improves the system performance by 57% on average in terms of connection blocking ratio.
Analysis of an LCLC Resonant Converter with a Capacitive Output Filter (2011)

This paper presents an analysis of a 4th order LCLC resonant converter with a capacitive output filter using the state-space approach. The analysis of the converter shows that there are four intervals in a half period. In each interval, the state-space equations are obtained. Due to the soft switching of the converter, an exact equation for the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) time and the maximum dead time of the inverter switches are presented. The simulation and experimental results obtained from a 10kv, 370w prototype confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Superficial Bladder Tumors (Stage pTa, Grades 1 and 2): The Importance of Recurrence Pattern Following Initial Resection (1986)

We treated 414 new patients with stage pTa, grades 1 and 2 bladder tumors by transurethral resection between 1970 and 1982. All of the patients with grade 3 or previous upper tract tumors, or who had been treated at some stage with intravesical chemotherapy were excluded. Followup for 5 or more years was available in 188 of the patients. There was a low increase in T stage (6 per cent). Of the patients followed for 5 or more years 46 per cent remained free of tumor. Only 16 per cent of the patients had multiple tumors at presentation and 20 per cent had tumors of 10 gm. or more. These factors were associated with a worse prognosis. Patients free of tumor at 3 months had an 80 per cent chance of having no further recurrences and this rate remained the same up to 2 years from the start of the disease. Patients with a recurrence at 3 months were much less likely to remain free of tumor, and had a higher chance of recurrence at every future visit.
Nonlinear Negative Stiffness Wingtip Spring Device for Gust Loads Alleviation (2016)

A recent consideration in aircraft design is the use of folding wingtips with the aim of enabling higher-aspect-ratio configurations with less induced drag while also meeting airport gate limitations. This study builds on previous work investigating the effect of exploiting the folding wingtips in flight as a device to reduce dynamic gust loads, but now with the introduction of a passive nonlinear negative stiffness hinge spring. A single-degree-of-freedom model and a representative civil jet aircraft aeroelastic model are used to investigate the dynamic gust responses for different hinge device designs. It is found that significant reductions in the dynamic loads are possible.