gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
6.4 A 0.5-to-2.5GHz Multi-Output Fractional Frequency Synthesizer with 90fs Jitter and -106dBc Spurious Tones Based on Digital Spur Cancellation (2019)

There is need for a low-power, compact, means of generating multiple, low-jitter, spectrally pure, clock signals at different frequencies using a single reference oscillator, both in wireline and wireless applications, owing to circuit size, cost, and complexity considerations. PLL-based frequency synthesis - analog or digital - can achieve very low jitter and spur levels, but the VCO size and/or power consumption concerns preclude its duplication for multiple on-chip clock generators [1,2]. Open-loop digital methods based on digital-to-phase or digital-to-time converters (DPCs) are compact and employ no power-hungry oscillators, but their circuit errors and mismatches result in strong spurious tones.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase (CYP26): Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazole Methyl 3-(4-(aryl-2-ylamino)phenyl)propanoates (2011)

The synthesis and potent inhibitory activity of novel imidazole methyl 3-(4-(aryl-2-ylamino)phenyl)propanoates in a MCF-7 CYP26A1 microsomal assay is described. The induction of CYP26A1 mRNA was used to evaluate the ability of the compounds to enhance the biological effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in a retinoid-responsive neuroblastoma cell line. The most promising inhibitor, 3-imidazol-1-yl-2-methyl-3-[4-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)-phenyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (20), with an IC(50) of 3 nM (compared with liarozole IC(50) of 540 nM and R116010 IC(50) of 10 nM) was further evaluated for CYP selectivity using a panel of CYP enzymes, mutagenicity (Ames screen), and hepatic stability.
Presidents Address (1987)

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[The pathophysiological basis for the treatment of patients with a vertebrogenic pain syndrome localized in the lumbosacral region]. (1991)

Experience of treatment of 84 patients with radicular syndrome of lumbo-sacral localization revealed the efficacy of multifactorial effect on different structures of the nervous system responsible for generation and realization of pain impulsation. Treatment was carried out with consideration of pathogenetic factors forming the pain syndrome, namely, compression of the root, functional blocks, spinal reactive aseptic epiduritis, arterial dyscirculation, disorders of venous outflow, psychogenic factors.
Predictive display for mobile manipulators in unknown environments using online vision-based monocular modeling and localization (2010)

To tele-operate a robot, visual feedback is critical. However, communication channel latency can delay feedback to the point where the operator is impeded in performing his task. This work presents a vision-based “predictive display” system that compensates for visual delay. The approach is online and relatively uncalibrated, thus it has the advantage of being useful in unknown environments and many applications. From monocular eye-in-hand video, we incrementally compute a 3D graphics model of the robot site in real time using our new technique. The method exploits free-space/occlusion constraints on the scene to produce a physically consistent mesh. Novel vantage points are immediately rendered in response to the operator's control commands, without waiting for delayed video. We implement a full prototype tele-operation system where the operator controls, via a PHANTOM Omni device, a Barrett WAM robot mounted on a mobile Segway. Experiments with this setup validate the efficacy of the proposed approach. We demonstrate significant improvement in task completion time with predictive display on a real robot, while our previous related results were established only in simulation.
The Nursing Motherʼs Guide to Weaning (1995)

Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Medical School; Director, Nurse Midwifery Services, Prentice Women's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Inorganic pyrophosphate concentrations in the synovial fluid of arthritic patients. (1971)

Abstract A radioisotope dilution technique for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in synovial fluid is described. Its precision based on duplicate measurements is ±4 μg per 100 ml. PPi levels in 20 of 23 joint fluids from patients with arthritis other than pseudogout clustered about a mean ± S.D. of 22 ± 6.3; 3 control fluids showed elevated values. Of 18 joint fluids from patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (pseudogout), 15 showed inorganic PPi levels that were greater than 2 S.D. from the control mean, 2 were borderline, and one fell in the normal range. The mean ± S.D. of the group was 100.4 ± 93. Inorganic orthophosphate, total and ionized calcium, alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity against both p-nitrophenylphosphate and β-glycerophosphate, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase isozymes were not significantly different in joint fluids from control and pseudogout patients. Preliminary studies on the solubility of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate miscocrystals in various solvents such as distilled water, Tris buffer, dialyzed and anaerobically processed fresh joint fluid and plasma are presented. The levels of PPi attained were of the same order of magnitude as those found in joint fluids from pseudogout patients. Magnesium ions and protein increased solubility; calcium and orthophosphate ions decreased it. Whether or not the PPi levels found in pseudogout fluid represent saturation levels in vivo cannot be answered from the present data.
Selbstkalibrierung motorisierter Digitalkameratheodolite für technische Präzisionsmessungen (2009)

Recent research suggests that circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels may be a meaningful indicator of grain intake and rumen development in pre-ruminant calves. As such, BHB levels may be a surrogate measure of rumen function to contribute to minimal weaning stress during the transition from liquid to solid feed. The primary objective of this study was to determine the optimal cut-point of circulating BHB levels that would be predictive of sufficient grain intake and rumen development for a successful transition from liquid to solid feed at the time of weaning. An additional objective was to validate the Precision Xtra (Abbott Diabetes Care, Abingdon, UK) calf-side test for determination of BHB in whole blood in calves around weaning, as compared with the gold standard laboratory method. A total of 20 Holstein female calves were randomly assigned at birth to be weaned at 6 wk (n=10) or 8 wk (n=10) of age. Milk replacer (mixed at 150 g/L) was offered at 1.2kg/calf per d in 2 meals until a 1-wk step down, when milk meals were reduced by 50% 1 wk before weaning. Daily measurements included the intakes of starter grain, chopped straw, and water. Weekly measurements included body weight and blood BHB, until 70 d of life. To assess digestive tract development, rumen fluid samples were taken before and after weaning (d 35, 49, and 63) and analyzed for ruminal short-chain fatty acids. Whole blood was collected by jugular venipuncture, and BHB was determined by the Precision Xtra test at calf-side. In addition, serum was separated from a clotted sample, frozen, and stored until laboratory analysis was performed. Laboratory BHB results were correlated with both the Precision Xtra test (r=0.95) and starter intake over 1 d (r=0.89), a 3-d average (r=0.90), and a 7-d average (r=0.90). Additionally, laboratory BHB results were associated with total ruminal volatile fatty acids (r=0.82), ruminal butyrate (r=0.77), and body weight (r=0.69). A receiver operating characteristic curve was created to plot the true positive rate against the false positive rate at 10μmol/L BHB intervals to determine the optimal cut-point of circulating BHB that is predictive of an average starter intake of 1,000 g/d over a 3-d period. The optimal combination of sensitivity (95.7%) and specificity (96.1%) was at 100µmol of BHB/L of blood. A value of 0.2 mmol/L on the Precision Xtra test yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 84.0 and 97.2%, respectively, over the 3-d average period of starter intake. These results show considerable promise for use of the Precision Xtra whole blood BHB test in the decision-making process of determining sufficient starter grain intake and rumen development for a successful transition from liquid to solid feed, and indicate that this test conducted at calf-side is highly accurate.
Thermal Analysis of a Li-ion Battery System with Indirect Liquid Cooling Using Finite Element Analysis Approach (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The performance and life of Li-ion battery packs for electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), and plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) applications are influenced significantly by battery operation temperatures. Thermal management of a battery pack is one of the main factors to be considered in the pack design, especially for those with indirect air or indirect liquid cooling since the cooling medium is not in contact with the battery cells. In this paper, thermal behavior of Li-ion pouch cells in a battery system for PHEV applications is studied. The battery system is cooled indirectly with liquid through aluminum cooling fins in contact with each cell and a liquid cooled cold plate for each module in the battery pack. The aluminum cooling fins function as a thermal bridge between the cells and the cold plate. Cell temperature distributions are simulated using a finite element analysis approach under cell utilizations corresponding to PHEV applications. Both single cold plate cooling and dual cold plate cooling were analyzed. Influences of the cold plate surface temperature gradients on the cell temperature distributions were also studied. The studies show that dual cold plate cooling has about twice the cooling capacity of single cold plate cooling and that the dual cold plate configuration can also provide cell terminal and busbar cooling.</div></div>
Applying Modified One-Comparator Counter-Based PWM Control Strategy to Flyback Converter (2007)

In this paper, the field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) technique is used to control the flyback converter. The proposed control loop design, together with the one-comparator counter-based PWM control strategy without any analog-to digital converter (ADC) used is presented and applied to controlling the flyback converter under the discontinuous current mode (DCM). The detailed illustration of the proposed control scheme is provided, together with some experimental results to verify its effectiveness.
Divalent Sr2+ Cation Conducting Solid Electrolyte with NASICON-type Structure (2014)

A divalent strontium cation highly conducting solid was successfully developed by introducing Sr2+ cations into the NASICON-type HfNb(PO4)3 solid together with W6+ ions. The (Sr0.05Hf0.95)4/3.9(Nb1−yWy)5/(5+y)(PO4)3 solid exhibited Sr2+ conductivity that was 3300 times higher than that of previously reported NASICON-type Sr2+ conductors, which was caused by the effective reduction of electrostatic interaction between conducting Sr2+ and surrounding O2− ions due to the existence of high valent Nb5+ and W6+ cations in the structure.
A first-in-human phase I study to evaluate the fully human monoclonal antibody OMP-59R5 (anti-Notch2/3) administered intravenously to patients with advanced solid tumors. (2012)

3025 Background: The Notch pathway plays a central role in embryonic development, the regulation of stem and progenitor cells, and is implicated centrally in many human cancers. OMP-59R5 is a fully human IgG2 originally identified by binding to Notch2. It inhibits the signaling of both Notch2 and Notch3 receptors. Mouse xenograft studies using minimally-passaged, patient-derived xenografts show that OMP-59R5 impedes tumor growth and eliminates cancer stem cells (CSCs) in many tumor types. OMP-59R5 modulates the expression of stromal genes and genes associated with the function of tumor vascular pericytes. As such, OMP-59R5 is a novel anti-cancer agent that inhibits tumor growth through direct actions on tumor cells, including CSCs, and effects the stroma and vasculature. Methods: A phase I dose escalation study (3+3 design) was initiated in solid tumor patients. OMP-59R5 was administered to study safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), preliminary efficacy, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Results: Twenty-four patients have been enrolled in 5 dose-escalation cohorts at doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5mg/kg administered weekly (QW) and 5mg/kg administered every other week (QOW). The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events were: mild to moderate diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and constipation. Diarrhea was dose related and occurred at doses ≥2.5mg/kg weekly and appears less pronounced with every other week dosing. Two dose-limiting toxicities (grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 hypokalemia) occurred at 5mg/kg QW and 2.5mg/kg was established as an MTD for QW dosing. A QOW dosing schedule is currently under investigation. The PK of OMP-59R5 was characterized by fast and dose-dependent clearance. Two patients (Kaposi’s sarcoma at 5mg/kg and adenoid cystic carcinoma at 2.5mg/kg) had prolonged stable disease for ≥110 days. PD analyses for Notch pathway modulation are ongoing. Conclusions: OMP-59R5 is generally well tolerated. An MTD of 2.5mg/kg QW has been established and a QOW schedule is currently under study. Updated results will be presented.
Fertilization and early embryology: CD44 is expressed throughout pre-implantation human embryo development (1995)

The cell surface glycoprotein CD44 has been demonstrated in a variety of cell types in embryonic and adult tissues. We have established that CD44 is present on human oocytes, cumulus cells, early embryos and pre-hatched blastocysts by indirect immunofluorescence. We have also shown that CD44 is present on 8-11 week placental stroma cells, but not on the trophoblast. These findings demonstrate that CD44 is present throughout preimplantation development, and that down-regulation occurs on the embryonic surface after implantation.
The symmetries of the system matrix and propagator matrix for anisotropic media and of the system matrix forperiodically layered media (1998)

The ‘auxiliary’ symmetry properties of the system matrix (symmetry with respect to the trailing diagonal) for a general anisotropic dissipative medium and the special form for a monoclinic medium are revealed by rearranging the motion–stress vector. The propagator matrix of a single-layer general anisotropic dissipative medium is also shown to have auxiliary symmetry. For the multilayered case, a relatively simple matrix method is utilized to obtain the inverse of the propagator matrix. Further, Woodhouse’s inverse of the propagator matrix for a transversely isotropic medium is extended in a clearer form to handle the monoclinic symmetric medium.



 The properties of a periodic layer system are studied through its system matrix Aly , which is computed from the propagator matrix P. The matrix Aly is then compared with Aeq , the system matrix for the long-wavelength equivalent medium of the periodic isotropic layers. Then we can find how the periodic layered medium departs from its long-wavelength equivalent medium when the wavelength decreases. In our numerical example, the results show that, when λ/D decreases to 6–8, the components of the two matrices will depart from each other. The component ratio of these two matrices increases to its maximum (more than 15 in our numerical test) when λ/D is reduced to 2.3, and then oscillates with λ/D when it is further reduced. The eigenvalues of the system matrix Aly show that the velocities of P and S waves decrease when λ/D is reduced from 6–8 and reach their minimum values when λ/D is reduced to 2.3 and then oscillate afterwards. We compute the time shifts between the peaks of the transmitted waves and the incident waves. The resulting velocity curves show a similar variation to those computed from the eigenvalues of the system matrix Aly , but on a smaller scale. This can be explained by the spectrum width of the incident waves.
Necrotizing enterocolitis: value of radiographic findings to predict outcome (1988)

To investigate whether radiographic findings could be used to predict pan-necrosis (necrosis of 75% or more of the jejunum, ileum, and colon), we reviewed the serial abdominal radiographs and clinical records of 147 infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Pan-necrosis occurred in 29 infants (20%) and was always fatal. The presence and degree of pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumoperitoneum and portal venous gas were studied. Pan-necrosis occurred least frequently in infants with mild or moderate pneumatosis intestinalis (8% and 12%, respectively), and with moderate frequency in those with pneumoperitoneum (33%). Pan-necrosis was found most frequently in infants with severe pneumatosis intestinalis (56%), portal venous gas (61%), or the combination of severe pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous gas (79%). The mortality rates in these three groups were 63%, 65%, and 86%, respectively. Thus, infants with the worst outcome (those who develop pan-necrosis) can be identified on plain films by detection of severe pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous gas.
A Randomized Trial of Rectal Indomethacin to Prevent Post-ERCP Pancreatitis (2012)

Among patients at high risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis, rectal indomethacin significantly reduced the incidence of the condition. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00820612.).
Axisymmetric superdirectivity in subsonic jets (2012)

Abstract We present experimental results for the acoustic field of jets with Mach numbers between 0.35 and 0.6. An azimuthal ring array of six microphones, whose polar angle, $\theta $ , was progressively varied, allows the decomposition of the acoustic pressure into azimuthal Fourier modes. In agreement with past observations, the sound field for low polar angles (measured with respect to the jet axis) is found to be dominated by the axisymmetric mode, particularly at the peak Strouhal number. The axisymmetric mode of the acoustic field can be clearly associated with an axially non-compact source, in the form of a wavepacket: the sound pressure level for peak frequencies is found be superdirective for all Mach numbers considered, with exponential decay as a function of $ \mathop{ (1\ensuremath{-} {M}_{c} \cos \theta )}\nolimits ^{2} $ , where ${M}_{c} $ is the Mach number based on the phase velocity ${U}_{c} $ of the convected wave. While the mode $m= 1$ spectrum scales with Strouhal number, suggesting that its energy content is associated with turbulence scales, the axisymmetric mode scales with Helmholtz number – the ratio between source length scale and acoustic wavelength. The axisymmetric radiation has a stronger velocity dependence than the higher-order azimuthal modes, again in agreement with predictions of wavepacket models. We estimate the axial extent of the source of the axisymmetric component of the sound field to be of the order of six to eight jet diameters. This estimate is obtained in two different ways, using, respectively, the directivity shape and the velocity exponent of the sound radiation. The analysis furthermore shows that compressibility plays a significant role in the wavepacket dynamics, even at this low Mach number. Velocity fluctuations on the jet centreline are reduced as the Mach number is increased, an effect that must be accounted for in order to obtain a correct estimation of the velocity dependence of sound radiation. Finally, the higher-order azimuthal modes of the sound field are considered, and a model for the low-angle sound radiation by helical wavepackets is developed. The measured sound for azimuthal modes 1 and 2 at low Strouhal numbers is seen to correspond closely to the predicted directivity shapes.
Phase II study of irinotecan (irin) and temozolomide (TMZ) in breast cancer patients with brain metastases that have progressed after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole brain radiation (WBRT) (2008)

1103 Background: Brain metastases are an increasing problem in breast cancer. There are limited options for central nervous system (CNS) disease that has progressed after radiation therapy. Methods: A phase II study was initiated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of irinotecan and TMZ in breast cancer patients with brain metastases progressing after radiation. Irinotecan is administered at a dose of 125 mg/m2 intravenously every other week with TMZ 100 mg/m2 orally on days 1–7 and 15- 21. Objectives of the study are to evaluate the response rate and time to progression systemically and in the CNS and to determine toxicities associated with the combination. Brain MRI and other scans (CT, bone scan) were performed at 8-week intervals to assess response systemically and in the CNS. Results: 6 pts have been treated to date (median age 60, range 39–83); median number of prior chemo regimens = 3 (range 0–6). 3 pts received WBRT only, 1 pt received SRS only, and 2 pts received both WBRT and SRS. Related Aes include neutropenia (2 pts, grade 1–2; 1 pt grade 3 requiring growth factor support and dose reduction), diarrhea (3 pts, grade 1), nausea (5 pts, grade 1- 2), vomiting (3 pts, grade 1–2), fatigue (4 pts, grade 1), oral mucositis (4 patients, grade 1). 1 pt was hospitalized for a right hip fracture requiring surgery. At the week 8 evaluation, 3 of 4 evaluable pts had stable disease (SD). One pt has a partial response in the brain at week 46. 4 of the 6 patients remain on study. Biomarker data including circulating tumor cells in blood (all pts) and cerebrospinal fluid (1 pt) will be presented. Conclusions: The combination of irinotecan and TMZ is well tolerated in patients with progression of breast cancer brain metastases and has shown preliminary evidence of efficacy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Schering-Plough Pfizer Pfizer
Effect of chronic hyperglycemia on in vivo insulin secretion in partially pancreatectomized rats. (1987)

We have examined the effect of chronic (4 wk) hyperglycemia on insulin secretion in vivo in an awake, unstressed rat model. Three groups of animals were examined: control, partial (90%) pancreatectomy, and partial pancreatectomy plus phlorizin, in order to normalize plasma glucose levels. Insulin secretion in response to arginine (2 mM), hyperglycemia (+100 mg/dl), and arginine plus hyperglycemia was evaluated. In diabetic compared with control animals three specific alterations were observed: (a) a deficient insulin response, in both first and second phases, to hyperglycemia; (b) an augmented insulin response to the potentiating effect of arginine under basal glycemic conditions; and (c) an inability of hyperglycemia to augment the potentiating effect of arginine above that observed under basal glycemic conditions. Normalization of the plasma glucose profile by phlorizin treatment in diabetic rats completely corrected all three beta cell abnormalities. These results indicate that chronic hyperglycemia can lead to a defect in in vivo insulin secretion which is reversible when normoglycemia is restored.