gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Biologically Active Agents. XII. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Substituted p-Methylaminobenzenesulfonamides (1978)

Chemistry Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007 <em>Manuscript received 21 May 1977, revised 14 February 1978, accepted 24 February 1978</em> 4-aminobeozeoesulfonamides have been condensed with beuzoxazolin-2-one, beuzo-xazolio-2-thione benzothiazolin-2-thione, benzimidazole, benzotriazole and phthalimide under the conditions of the Mannich reaction. The compoaods thus obtained have been tested for their antibacterial activity against \(Staphylococcus\) \(aureus\), \(Eacherichia\) \(colt\), \(Salmonella\) \(typhi\) and \(Bacillus\) \(megaterium\).
A simplified method for quantifying the subject-specific relationship between blood pressure and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (2015)

Devices that estimate blood pressure from arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) potentially provide continuous, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Accurate blood pressure estimation requires reliable quantification of the relationship between blood pressure and PWV. Regression to population normal values or, when using limb artery PWV, changing hydrostatic blood pressure within the limb provides a calibration index. Population lookup tables require accurate anthropometric correlates, assuming no individual variation. Only devices that measure PWV in the limb can use limb position changes. This study proposes a method for developing a calibration curve independent of lookup tables and useful for large artery PWV measurement, such as carotid-femoral PWV (PWVcf). PWVcf was measured in 27 normal subjects (15 female, 36±19 years) in both the supine and standing position. The change in systemic pressure was measured and hydrostatic pressure change calculated from estimated vessel path length height, measured using body surface distances. Brachial diastolic blood pressure increased for all subjects from supine to standing (supine 70±8 mmHg, standing 83±8 mmHg, p<;0.001) with an additional hydrostatic change across the carotid-femoral path length of 19±2 mmHg (p<;0.001). PWVcf also increased in all subjects (supine 5.2±1.3 m/s, standing 7.3±2.2 m/s, p<;0.001). The subject-specific calibration index (ΔDP/ΔPWVcf) varied amongst the cohort (20±8 mmHg/m/s), was correlated with age (-0.57, p=0.002) and seated aortic systolic pressure (-0.38, p=0.048) and was always greater than zero. Thus, this study describes a simple but novel method of measuring an individualized calibration index using blood pressure and PWV measurements in the supine and standing position.
Multiple-channel hybrid active noise control systems with infant cry detection for infant incubators. (2012)

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First Successful Application of Horizontal Open Hole Multistage Completion Systems in Turkey's Selmo Field (2014)

Abstract Turkey has significant oil and gas reserves that have not been fully developed. This paper will highlight the planning, execution, challenges and production benefits of the first installations of horizontal open hole multistage completion systems in the Şelmo field. Located in southeastern Turkey and north of the prolific Zagros fold belt, which encompasses the oil fields of Iran and Iraq, Şelmo is the second largest oil field in Turkey by cumulative production, with an estimated 600 MMbbl of oil in place. An operator has recently started redeveloping the field targeting the Middle Sinan Dolomite zone by drilling horizontal wells. Matrix acidizing is a method of stimulating carbonate reservoirs for oil and gas production. The acid treatment creates conductive flow channels which transport reservoir fluids from within the formation matrix directly into the wellbore. In matrix acidizing of carbonate reservoirs, accurate acid placement is a major challenge because the acid tends to flow preferentially toward the highest permeability areas. This can result in overstimulation at these intervals leaving the lower permeability regions untreated. A significant percentage of matrix acidizing treatments do not meet expectations because of improper job design. In some cases, increased water production is observed due to preferential stimulation of high permeability sections associated with water. This paper will provide an in depth understanding of acid stimulation of carbonate formations with both single and limited entry open hole multistage systems that can be applied to carbonate reservoirs worldwide. The operator designed a pilot project including four horizontal wells in the Şelmo field; two wells were completed using single entry open hole multistage completion systems and the other two using batch stimulated limited entry open hole multistage completion systems. In the single entry systems, there is only one injection port per stage while in the limited entry systems, multiple injection jets are used. The jets enable controlled injection and leak off for effective flow of acid into the entire section of the interval. The designed treatment is thereby placed at an optimal rate and pressure along the stage length, maximizing the development of conductive channels throughout the entire stimulated reservoir. Results of the pilot indicate a successful stimulation and a significant increase in production from all four horizontal wells compared to offset vertical wells. With the success achieved from the first horizontal open hole multistage completion systems in Turkey's Şelmo field, the operator plans to complete more wells using these systems to exploit its assets. The success of this project demonstrates the applicability and benefits of using open hole systems for effective matrix acidizing of carbonate reservoirs around the world.
Visualizing a Specific Contact in the HIV-1 Tat Protein Fragment and trans-Activation Responsive Region RNA Complex by Photocross-linking (1996)

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires specific interactions of Tat protein with the trans-activation responsive region (TAR) RNA, a stem-loop structure containing two helical stem regions separated by a trinucleotide bulge. The Tat protein contains a basic RNA-binding region (amino acids 49-57) located in the carboxyl-terminal half of the protein, and peptides containing this basic domain of Tat protein can bind TAR RNA with high affinities. We synthesized a 31-amino acid Tat fragment (amino acids 42-72) containing the basic region and part of flanking regulatory core domain that formed a specific complex with TAR RNA. Upon UV irradiation (254 nm), this Tat fragment cross-linked covalently with TAR RNA. Sites of cross-links were determined on both the TAR RNA and Tat protein fragment by RNA and protein sequencing, respectively. These results revealed that guanosine 26 of TAR RNA was cross-linked with tyrosine 47 of the Tat peptide. Our results provide the first physical evidence for a direct amino acid-base contact in Tat-TAR complex. Recently, orientation of the Tat-(42-72) was determined in our laboratory by psoralen.Tat-(42-72) conjugate (Wang, Z., and Rana, T. M. (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 5438-5444). On the basis of our findings, we suggest a model in which Tat binds to TAR RNA by inserting the basic recognition sequence into the major groove with an orientation where lysine 41 in the core domain of Tat contacts the lower stem and Tyr47 is close to G26 of TAR RNA. The knowledge of the orientation of Tat and details of other interactions with TAR RNA in Tat-TAR complex has significant implications for understanding gene regulation in HIV-1.
Rate Superposition for Generating Pressure Falloff Solutions (2006)

Summary Although the Thompson-Reynolds steady-state theory has proved useful for explaining the relation between reservoir physics and the pressure/pressure derivative response for both injection and falloff tests, until now, we have been unable to apply this method to construct analytical solutions for the falloff response. In this work, we remedy this deficiency by constructing approximate analytical solutions for the pressure falloff response sub sequent to water injection at a vertical or horizontal well. By comparison with a finite-difference simulator using grid refinement and a hybrid grid, it is shown that our multiphase flow solutions are accurate. The falloff solution can be written as the sum of the single-phase falloff solution based on oil properties at initial water saturation plus a multiphase flow term, which reflects the deviation of the total mobility (in the region contacted b y injected water) from oil mobility at initial water saturation. The multiphase term is presented as an integral in the vertical w ell case and a sum of one to three integrals in the horizontal w ell case. For the purpose of constructing an accurate estimate of the falloff multiphase pressure change term, one can use a series of 1D Buckley-Leverett solutions (one for each integral in the multiphase term) and assume that, throughout the falloff period, the total mobility profile in the reservoir is equal to the total mobility profile that existed at the instant of shut-in. Evaluation of each integral in the multiphase term requires the 1D mobility profile constructed from the Buckley-Leverett solution and a corresponding 1D flow rate profile during falloff. For linear single-phase flow, it is shown that rate superposition applies and w e use this concept in a reasonable but adhoc w ay to estimate the rate profiles needed to compute the multiphase pressure term. It is show n that even in cases w here falloff data allow one to accurately estimate the properties of the oil zone, k now ledge of the multiphase term is critical in order to ob tain an accurate estimate of the mechanical skin factor.
Effect of the crystallinity and morphology on the microcellular foam structure of semicrystalline polymers (1996)

Abstract Microcellular foam processing of polymers requires a nucleated cell density greater than 10 9 cells/cm 3 so that the fully grown cells are smaller than 10 μm. A microcellular foam can be developed by first saturating a polymer sample with a volatile blowing agent, followed by rapidly decreasing its solubility in the polymer. In general, the cellular structure of semicrystalline polymer foams is difficult to control, compared to that of amorphous polymer foams. Since the gas does not dissolve in the crystallites (1), the polymer/gas solution formed during the microcellular processing is nonuniform. Moreover, the bubble nucleation is nonhomogeneous because of the heterogeneous nature of the semicrystalline polymer. In this paper, the effects of the crystallinity and morphology of semicrystalline polymers on the microcellular foam processing and on the cellular structure of products are investigated. First, polymer specimens with various crystallinities and morphologies were prepared by varying the cooling rate of the polymer melt. Then, the solubility and diffusivity of the blowing agent in and through specimens were studied. The specimens with differing crystallinities and morphologies were foamed and their cellular structures were compared. The experimental results agree with theoretical predictions, indicating that the crystallinity and morphology of semicrystalline polymers exert a strong influence on the foam processing and the structure of the product.
Materials for Conservation; Organic Consolidants, Adhesives and Coatings (1988)

The definitive introduction to the properties of materials used in conservation. It explains clearly the potentials and pitfalls of any proposed technique, providing a convenient summary of necessary information. The continual struggle of conservators to ameliorate the deterioration of objects has led to increasing use of synthetic polymers. These materials are part of the sophisticated technology that has been developed to augment and often replace traditional materials and methods. Conservators therefore have a wider range of techniques available. However, they must be able to appreciate the potentials and pitfalls of any proposed technique. This book provides, in a convenient form, a summary of necessary information. The first section explains physical and chemical properties which are important in the conservation process, i.e. application, ageing, reversal. The topics covered include molecular weight, glass transition temperature, solubility and solvents, polymerisation and degradation reactions. The second section provides detailed consideration of the individual materials, current and obsolete, used in conservation, drawing out the factors relevant to their effects on objects. The conservation uses of each material are summarised and referenced to allow further study. In five appendices, the properties of the polymers, solvents and their interactions are tabulated, with a list of suppliers and conversion table of physical units. IUPAC and SI nomenclature is used throughout the book. * Comprehensive coverage of material types used in conservation * Summarizes key information for each material * Includes both properties and effects of materials
Power series with non-integral exponents which are Fourier kernels (1961)

ABSTRACT Much is known about power series with integral exponents, and, as in the case of the Theta-functions, about series whose exponents are the squares of the natural numbers. About other types of power series little is known. I prove here that a certain power series whose exponents are the square roots of the natural numbers is a symmetrical Fourier kernel.
True porosity measurement of hair: a new way to study hair damage mechanisms. (2008)

This study employs a novel method, gas sorption (1), to quantify the porosity characteristics of hair by determining total pore volume, adsorption pore-size distribution, and the surface area of damaged hair. Damage mechanisms were studied by comparing the different pore volume and surface area resulting from two different types of damage: chemical and UV. Hair color measurement and tensile strength, both reflecting the changes in hair cortex, were also employed in this study. The results suggest that hair damage caused by oxidative bleach and UV oxidation follows different pathways. Chemical damage (oxidative bleach) nearly triples the hair surface area in the first minute of bleaching due to the increase in the number of pores, followed by a sudden drop after 10 min of bleaching from smaller pores breaking down into larger ones. In contrast, UV damage shows an immediate loss in surface area in the first 200 hr of exposure and a gradual increase as exposure time continues.
Human Neonatal Cardiovascular Progenitors: Unlocking the Secret to Regenerative Ability (2013)

Although clinical benefit can be achieved after cardiac transplantation of adult c-kit+ or cardiosphere-derived cells for myocardial repair, these stem cells lack the regenerative capacity unique to neonatal cardiovascular stem cells. Unraveling the molecular basis for this age-related discrepancy in function could potentially transform cardiovascular stem cell transplantation. In this report, clonal populations of human neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitor cells were isolated and characterized, revealing the existence of a novel subpopulation of endogenous cardiovascular stem cells that persist throughout life and co-express both c-kit and isl1. Epigenetic profiling identified 41 microRNAs whose expression was significantly altered with age in phenotypically-matched clones. These differences were correlated with reduced proliferation and a limited capacity to invade in response to growth factor stimulation, despite high levels of growth factor receptor on progenitors isolated from adults. Further understanding of these differences may provide novel therapeutic targets to enhance cardiovascular regenerative capacity.
Inhibitory Effect of Mast Cell-Mediated Immediate-Type Allergic Reactions in Rats by<i>Perilla Frutescens</i> (2000)

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Perilla frutescens (Labiatae) (PFAE) on the mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. PFAE (0.05 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80 in rats. PFAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local allergic reaction activated by anti-DNP IgE. When PFAE was pretreated at the same concentrations with systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. PFAE (10(-3) to 1 mg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, When PFAE (1 mg/ml) was added, transiently and significantly increased about 4-fold compared with that of basal cells. Moreover, PFAE (0.001 and 0.01 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. These results indicate that PFAE inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.
The novel endolysin XZ.700 effectively treats MRSA biofilms in two biofilm models without showing toxicity on human bone cells <i>in vitro</i> (2021)

In this <i>in vitro</i> study the effect of XZ.700, a new endolysin, on methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) biofilms grown on titanium was evaluated. Biofilms of <i>S. aureus</i> USA300 were grown statically and under flow, and treatment with XZ.700 was compared with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and gentamicin. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of XZ.700 and derived biofilm lysates, human osteocyte-like cells were exposed to biofilm supernatants, and metabolism and proliferation were quantified. XZ.700 showed a significant, concentration dependent reduction in biofilm viability, compared with carrier controls. Metabolism and proliferation of human osteocyte-like cells were not affected by XZ.700 or lysates, unlike PVP-I and gentamicin lysates which significantly inhibited proliferation. Using time-lapse microscopy, rapid biofilm killing and removal was observed for XZ.700. In comparison, PVP-I and gentamicin showed slower biofilm killing, with no apparent biofilm removal. In conclusion, XZ.700 reduced MRSA biofilms, especially under flow condition, without toxicity for surrounding bone cells.
Schemes for eliminating transient-width clock overhead from SET-tolerant memory-based systems (2006)

In the presence of radiation, particle strikes can cause temporary signal errors in ICs. Particle strikes that directly affect memory are known as single event upsets (SEUs), while strikes that affect combinational logic and spread to memory are called single event transients (SETs). In this paper, we propose two novel approaches to hardening integrated circuits against SEUs and SETs. The proposed approaches are fully-differential dual-interlocked storage cell (DICE) and triple path DICE (TPDICE). The fully-differential DICE and TPDICE approaches are compared against two existing approaches, which are triple modular redundancy (TMR) and basic SET-tolerant DICE. All approaches except for the basic SET-tolerant DICE scheme share a common theme, which is the ability to bypass SEUs and SETs. This is critical for performance, as it allows the system to proceed with subsequent operations while a cell is recovering from the effects of a particle strike. SET pulse widths can be substantial (up to 2 ns), and so high-performance systems cannot afford to pause operations while these pulses are present. The minimum clock periods obtained for the basic SET-tolerant approach were 515 ps with no SET, and 1310 ps with a 500 ps SET (in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS). In contrast, the clock periods for the bypass-capable approaches with no SET/500 ps SET were 628/749 ps for TMR, 348/480 ps for fully-differential DICE, and 434/552 ps for TPDICE. Among the approaches that bypass transient pulses, TPDICE is the most balanced. TMR suffers from overhead due to its need for external voting circuitry. In addition to this, fully-differential DICE cannot be used with combinational logic, while TPDICE can.
Simultaneous optical coherence tomography imaging and beta particle detection (2003)

A prototype hybrid catheter device designed for imaging and detection of vascular diseases is introduced. The prototype device integrates a high-resolution optical coherent tomography probe and a high-sensitivity beta detector into a single unit. With this prototype device we demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous optical coherence tomography imaging and detection of beta particles.
All-optical 10Gb/s ternary-CAM cell for routing look-up table applications (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate the first all-optical Ternary-Content Addressable Memory (T-CAM) cell that operates at 10Gb/s and comprises two monolithically integrated InP Flip-Flops (FF) and a SOA-MZI optical XOR gate. The two FFs are responsible for storing the data bit and the ternary state 'X', respectively, with the XOR gate used for comparing the stored FF-data and the search bit. The experimental results reveal error-free operation at 10Gb/s for both Write and Ternary Content Addressing of the T-CAM cell, indicating that the proposed optical T-CAM cell could in principle lead to all-optical T-CAM-based Address Look-up memory architectures for high-end routing applications.
A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward (1997)

The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that learning is driven by changes in the expectations about future salient events such as rewards and punishments. Physiological work has recently complemented these studies by identifying dopaminergic neurons in the primate whose fluctuating output apparently signals changes or errors in the predictions of future salient and rewarding events. Taken together, these findings can be understood through quantitative theories of adaptive optimizing control.
Effectiveness of TMR-Based Techniques to Mitigate Alpha-Induced SEU Accumulation in Commercial SRAM-Based FPGAs (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present an experimental analysis of alpha-induced soft errors in 90-nm low-end SRAM-based FPGAs. We first assess the relative sensitivity of the configuration memory bits controlling the different resources in the FPGA. We then study how SEU accumulation in the configuration memory impacts on the reliability of unhardened and hardened-by-design circuits. We analyze different hardening solutions comprising the use of a single voter, multiple voters, and feedback voters implemented with a commercial tool. Finally, we present an analytical model to predict the failure rate as function of the number of bit-flips in the configuration memory. </para>