gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The vitamin D endocrine system: identification of another piece of the puzzle. (1994)

Journal Article The vitamin D endocrine system: identification of another piece of the puzzle Get access A W Norman A W Norman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 134, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Pages 1601A–1601C, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.134.4.8137720 Published: 01 April 1994
Novel Role of CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Genes in the Generation of Protective CD4<sup>+</sup>Th1 Responses during Retrovirus Infection in Mice (2002)

CD4(+) Th1 responses to virus infections are often necessary for the development and maintenance of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. However, in the present study with Friend murine retrovirus (FV), the reverse was also found to be true. In the absence of a responder H-2(b) allele at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II loci, a single H-2D(b) MHC class I allele was sufficient for the development of a CD4(+) Th1 response to FV. This effect of H-2D(b) on CD4(+) T-cell responses was dependent on CD8(+) T cells, as demonstrated by depletion studies. A direct effect of CD8(+) T-cell help in the development of CD4(+) Th1 responses to FV was also shown in vaccine studies. Vaccination of nonresponder H-2(a/a) mice induced FV-specific responses of H-2D(d)-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adoptive transfer of vaccine-primed CD8(+) T cells to naive H-2(a/a) mice prior to infection resulted in the generation of FV-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses. This novel helper effect of CD8(+) T cells could be an important mechanism in the development of CD4(+) Th1 responses following vaccinations that induce CD8(+) CTL responses. The ability of MHC class I genes to facilitate CD4(+) Th1 development could also be considerable evolutionary advantage by allowing a wider variety of MHC genotypes to generate protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens.
Identification of Phytophthora spp. isolated from plants and soil samples on strawberry plantations in Poland (2016)

Crown and leather rot of strawberry caused by Phytophthora spp. are major soil diseases of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) in Poland. In this study, in total 45 isolates of Phytophthora spp. from plants of cultivars Elsanta, Honeoye, Florence, Camarosa, Roxana, Onebor, Alba, Elegance, Albion, Senga Sengana and Malwina originating from crowns (20 isolates) and fruits (25 isolates) as well as 25 soil samples from the same fruiting strawberry plantations located in central, north-eastern, and south-eastern regions of Poland were identified. Among them, 44 isolates from plant organs and eight from soil samples were identified as Phytophthora cactorum and from one plant and one soil sample as P. citricola; of those remaining from the soil, one was identified as P. citrophthora and one as P. cryptogea. Identifications were based on morphological characteristics and DNA analyses. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of Phytophthora spp. in all positive examined plant and soil samples and confirmed that P. cactorum is predominantly responsible for crown and leather rot diseases of strawberry in monitored regions of Poland. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates of Phytophthora spp. originating from soil derived from strawberry plantations were pathogenic both to strawberry and to raspberry.
A cross-protocol attack on the TLS protocol (2012)

This paper describes a cross-protocol attack on all versions of TLS; it can be seen as an extension of the Wagner and Schneier attack on SSL 3.0. The attack presents valid explicit elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman parameters signed by a server to a client that incorrectly interprets these parameters as valid plain Diffie-Hellman parameters. Our attack enables an adversary to successfully impersonate a server to a random client after obtaining 240 signed elliptic curve keys from the original server. While attacking a specific client is improbable due to the high number of signed keys required during the lifetime of one TLS handshake, it is not completely unrealistic for a setting where the server has high computational power and the attacker contents itself with recovering one out of many session keys. We remark that popular open-source server implementations are not susceptible to this attack, since they typically do not support the explicit curve option. Finally we propose a fix that renders the protocol immune to this family of cross-protocol attacks.
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) for the Immunodiagnosis of Schistosomiasis (1979)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) done with soluble egg antigens (SEA) of Schistosoma mansoni was utilized for the detection of infections with schistosomes. The method readily detected experimental infections in NIH outbred, New Zealand black, and New Zealand white mice by 6-10 weeks post-exposure to S. mansoni cercariae. In addition, the test was negative when the sera from 11 Puerto Rican normal controls were examined and was positive in 8 of 10 serum samples from humans with schistosomiasis mansoni. However, extensive cross-reactivity was seen when using serum from humans with fascioliasis, trichinosis, cysticercosis, and echinococcosis. Thus the ELISA test done with SEA as antigen lacks immunologic specificity. For the method to be an effective seroepidemiological tool in areas where these parasites are endemic further purification of the antigen and more extensive understanding of its components are needed.
[Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics, and prognosis of acute motor axonal neuropathy in children]. (2013)

AMAN in children occurs mostly in rural areas. There is no seasonal difference in the clinical onset of the disease. Muscle weakness is the most common first symptom and the worst status of AMAN appears in the early stage of the disease. Electrophysiological examination provides important information for the diagnosis of AMAN. Some children with AMAN regain the ability to walk independently 1 year after onset. Early application of IVIG treatment may help recovery of neural function.
FTIR analysis of lignin regenerated from <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> woods dissolved in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The dissolution of wood and the regeneration of compounds such as cellulose and lignin is one of the challenges currently facing biorefineries. Lignin can be processed and employed for value‐added products; therefore, environmentally friendly methods for wood solubilization and lignin regeneration are required and ionic liquids (ILs) offer an attractive alternative approach. RESULTS: Dissolution of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus woods in imidazolium‐based ILs (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride) was studied as well as the regeneration of lignin from wood liquors. The dissolution of wood in ILs was verified using an optical microscope to select the most appropriate ILs and the best experimental time and temperature conditions. Lignin was regenerated from wood dissolved in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride after 24 h at 150 °C by precipitation with an antisolvent. The regenerated solid was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compared with Indulin AT (reference). Furthermore, the influence of the wood dissolution time, the antisolvent employed and the antisolvent/wood solution ratio in the lignin recovery was studied. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows that 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride can be employed effectively to dissolve wood at 150 °C for 24 h and lignin can be regenerated using methanol or ethanol as antisolvents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave propagation in anisotropic waveguides (1956)

A detailed analysis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in circular waveguides whose walls are anisotropic is carried out. The physical property of the wall is described in terms of “anisotropic surface impedance” and this has two principal components, which, in general, do not run along the co-ordinates of the cylinder.It is shown that, whatever the orientation of the principal axes of the surfaces, all E- and H0-modes are stable. Formulae are derived for the propagation coefficients and attenuation coefficient of the waves, and these are expressed in terms of the impedance components of the surface.Furthermore, it is shown that all higher-order H-modes are unstable in such waveguides unless the principal axes of the surface coincide with the co-ordinate axes of the surface: a wave that is stable in an anisotropic waveguide, whatever the orientation of the axes, is a “spinning H-wave.”
Dopamine Operates as a Subsecond Modulator of Food Seeking (2004)

The dopamine projection to the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in behaviors directed toward the acquisition and consumption of natural rewards. The neurochemical studies that established this link made time-averaged measurements over minutes, and so the precise temporal relationship between dopamine changes and these behaviors is not known. To resolve this, we sampled dopamine every 100 msec using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes in the nucleus accumbens of rats trained to press a lever for sucrose. Cues that signal the opportunity to respond for sucrose evoked dopamine release (67 +/- 20 nm) with short latency (0.2 +/- 0.1 sec onset). When the same cues were presented to rats naive to the cue-sucrose pairing, similar dopamine signals were not observed. Thus, cue-evoked increases in dopamine in trained rats reflected a learned association between the cues and sucrose availability. Lever presses for sucrose occurred at the peak of the dopamine surges. After lever presses, and while sucrose was delivered and consumed, no further increases in dopamine were detected. Rather, dopamine returned to baseline levels. Together, the results strongly implicate subsecond dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens as a real-time modulator of food-seeking behavior.
Prenatal Behavior of Birds (1968)

An analysis of behavioral, neurological, and biochemical research indicates that the sensory systems of the avian embryo become functional in the following order: (1) non-visual photic sensitivity; (2) tactile sensitivity; (3) vestibular sensitivity; (4) proprioception; (5) audition; (6) vision. There is no firm information about the onset of gustation and olfaction in the avian embryo. With the possible exception of vision, there would appear to be adequate stimulation during the normal course of incubation to excite all the sensory systems. Whether such stimulation actually plays a role in regulating species-typical sensory and perceptual development is not known. While it seems doubtful that depriving the embryo of relevant stimulation, or prematurely exposing it to such stimulation, would alter the absolute sequence in which the sensory systems develop, such a manipulation might exert some effect on the relative time of onset of the particular sensory system involved, and a major effect on the development of adaptive perceptual discrimination abilities within the modality thus affected. An experiment involving sub-total auditory deprivation demonstrated in duck embryos that normally occurring auditory stimulation is essential to the development of species-specific auditory perception. Although partially deprived embryos were not capable of making the usual perceptual discriminative response, they were capable of hearing. Similarly deprived embryos were able to make the species-specific auditory discrimination after hatching, indicating that the sub-total deprivation induces a lag in the development of an embryo's discriminative ability. These findings are consonant with the view that exposure to relevant stimulation plays an important role in regulating the development of adaptive perceptual discrimination abilities in the avian embryo.
A polymer index-matched to water enables diverse applications in fluorescence microscopy (2021)

We demonstrate diffraction-limited and super-resolution imaging through thick layers (tens-hundreds of microns) of BIO-133, a biocompatible, UV-curable, commercially available polymer with a refractive index (RI) matched to water. We show that cells can be directly grown on BIO-133 substrates without the need for surface passivation and use this capability to perform extended time-lapse volumetric imaging of cellular dynamics 1) at isotropic resolution using dual-view light-sheet microscopy, and 2) at super-resolution using instant structured illumination microscopy. BIO-133 also enables immobilization of 1) Drosophila tissue, allowing us to track membrane puncta in pioneer neurons, and 2) Caenorhabditis elegans, which allows us to image and inspect fine neural structure and to track pan-neuronal calcium activity over hundreds of volumes. Finally, BIO-133 is compatible with other microfluidic materials, enabling optical and chemical perturbation of immobilized samples, as we demonstrate by performing drug and optogenetic stimulation on cells and C. elegans.
Ultrafast spectroscopic studies of photoinduced electron transfer from semiconducting polymers to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1994)

Using femtosecond time-resolved photoinduced absorption spectroscopy, we have studied the dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer from semiconducting polymers to ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. We find that with ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ in poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene)], poly(2,5-bis(cholestanoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), and poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT), ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer occurs from the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ band of the semiconducting polymer to the lowest unoccupied molecular-orbital level of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. Time-resolved measurements of the dichroic ratio place a 300-fs upper limit on the electron transfer time. The charge-separated state is rendered metastable due to the spatial separation of the electron and hole and to polaron formation associated with the electron on the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and the hole on the semiconducting polymer. Increasing the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ concentration in P3OT increases the lifetime of the charge-separated state. The two p-phenylene vinylene derivatives also displayed metastable charge separation.
Semi-Automatic Image Annotation Using Event and Torso Identification (2004)

Annotation is important for personal photo collections because acquired metadata plays a crucial role in image management and retrieval. Bulk annotation, where multiple images are annotated at once, is a desired feature for image management tools because it reduces users’ burden when making annotations. This paper describes an approach for automatically creating meaningful image clusters for efficient bulk annotation. These techniques are not perfect and so are integrated into a bulk annotation interface where users can manually correct errors. We present hierarchical event clustering and torso based human identification techniques. Hierarchical event clustering provides multiple levels of “event” groups. For identifying people in images, we introduce a new technique which uses torso information rather than human facial features.
Bleomycin-induced flagellate dermatitis (2013)

Flagellate dermatitis shows very characteristic lesions: linear erythema or hyperpigmentation in various areas of the skin. It is a side effect of bleomycin, an immunosupressive drug used for several types of cancers. All physicians must be aware of this disease so they can make a rapid diagnosis and interrupt the causative agent. Our patient presented during chemotherapy for a Hodgkin's lymphoma pruritic, erythematous lesions on the lower limbs and the back diagnosed as flagellate dermatitis due to bleomycin.
Training recurrent neural networks with sparse, delayed rewards for flexible decision tasks (2015)

Recurrent neural networks in the chaotic regime exhibit complex dynamics reminiscent of high-level cortical activity during behavioral tasks. However, existing training methods for such networks are either biologically implausible, or require a real-time continuous error signal to guide the learning process. This is in contrast with most behavioral tasks, which only provide time-sparse, delayed rewards. Here we show that a biologically plausible reward-modulated Hebbian learning algorithm, previously used in feedforward models of birdsong learning, can train recurrent networks based solely on delayed, phasic reward signals at the end of each trial. The method requires no dedicated feedback or readout networks: the whole network connectivity is subject to learning, and the network output is read from one arbitrarily chosen network cell. We use this method to successfully train a network on a delayed nonmatch to sample task (which requires memory, flexible associations, and non-linear mixed selectivities). Using decoding techniques, we show that the resulting networks exhibit dynamic coding of task-relevant information, with neural encodings of various task features fluctuating widely over the course of a trial. Furthermore, network activity moves from a stimulus-specific representation to a response-specific representation during response time, in accordance with neural recordings in behaving animals for similar tasks. We conclude that recurrent neural networks, trained with reward-modulated Hebbian learning, offer a plausible model of cortical dynamics during learning and performance of flexible association.
Stability of abdominal fat and meat of broilers: Effect of duration of feeding antioxidants<sup>1</sup> (1978)

1. The α‐tocopherol (AT) content of abdominal fat and fat stability increased as a function of the duration of α‐tocopheryl acetate (ATA) feeding in broilers fed on diets containing either 40 g acidulated soyabean‐oil soapstock (ASS) or tallow/kg. A linear relationship was observed between AT content of the adipose tissue and its stability with both types of fat supplements. 2. The stabilities of carcass fat and meat of 9‐week‐old broilers fed on diets containing ASS with 300 mg ethoxyquin (EQ)/kg or diets containing tallow with 20 mg ATA/kg from weeks 5 to 9 were comparable with those obtained by feeding these antioxidants and fats throughout the growth period. 3. ATA added to a diet containing ASS, and EQ, added to a diet containing tallow did not improve meat stability despite such an effect on adipose tissue when fed for 9 weeks. The results emphasise the importance of using the dietary antioxidant appropriate to the fat supplement to improve carcass stability.
Zur NMR‐spektroskopischen Bestimmung von Assoziationskonstanten bei Wasserstoffbrückenkomplexen. Mischassoziationen zwischen 2‐<i>t</i>‐Butylphenol und Tetrahydrofuran in CCI<sub>4</sub> (1970)

Abstract Die chemische Verschiebung des OH‐Signals von 2‐ t ‐Butylphenol (TBP) wurde in Gemischen aus Tetrahydrofuran (THF) und CC1 4 als Funktion des Molenbruches gemessen. Die Zusammensetzung des Systems TBP/THF/CC1 4 wurde in weiten Grenzen variiert. Aus den Messungen ergibt sich die Assoziationskonstante für die Mischassoziation von TBP mit THF bei 32°C zu K x = 72 ± 3 [Molenbruch −1 ]. Bei der Auswertung wurde die Dimerisierung von TBP in Lösung berücksichtigt. Einschränkende Bedingungen für die Berechnung von Assoziationskonstanten aus NMR‐Daten werden diskutiert.
A generic multielement microsystem for portable wireless applications (1998)

An open-architecture microsystem that can be populated with a variety of sensors and actuators is described. The microsystem is designed for low-power wireless applications where small size and high sensor accuracy are important. It consists of an in-module microcontroller connected to multiple front-end transducers through an intramodule sensor bus. An external interface allows internally processed data to be output through either a hard-wired input/output port or a radio-frequency transmitter. The present microsystem is configured for environmental monitoring and measured temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and acceleration/vibration. It occupies less than 10 cc, consumes an average of 530 /spl mu/W from 6 V, and transmits data up to 50 m. System features such as active power management, the intramodule sensor bus, generic bus interface circuitry, and in-module sensor compensation based on bivariate polynomials are discussed.
<i>In situ</i>high pressure and high temperature Raman studies of (1−<i>x</i>)SiO<sub>2</sub><i>x</i>GeO<sub>2</sub>glasses (2009)

The structure of glasses in the binary system SiO(2)-GeO(2) has been studied by Raman spectroscopy. Our results are consistent with mixing of SiO(2) and GeO(2) tetrahedra. The changes induced by temperature and by pressure on the structure are monitored by in situ measurements on the same mixed glasses. Anomalous temperature dependences are observed not only for SiO(2) glass and GeO(2) glass but also for mixed glasses. Particular attention is focused on the pressure densification mechanism in mixed glasses. Via the pressure dependence of the width of the main Raman band, we show that the compression mechanism in mixed glasses is intermediate between that of the end members.
Properties of Amorphous Iron-Metalloid Thin Films (1981)

Amorphous Fe-B, Fe-Si-B, Fe-B-C and Fe-Si-C films 0.6 to 0.9 µm thick were prepared by the r.f. sputtering technique. The metalloid content in the films was varied in the range 10 to 30 atm.% and the soft magnetic properties and thermal stabilities were investigated. In the as-prepared state, most of the amorphous films had coercivities of less than 1 Oe. On annealing in a magnetic field, the coercivity of Fe 80 B 20 and Fe 73 Si 18 C 9 films decreased to 0.04 Oe. The anisotropy energy induced by the field annealing at 300°C is 3 to 5×10 3 erg/cm 3 , which is much larger than those of melt-quenched alloys. In thermal stability, Fe-B, Fe-B-C and Fe-Si-B films are nearly the same as or slightly worse than corresponding melt-quenched alloys, while Fe-Si-C films, which have not yet been prepared in ribbon form, have good thermal stability and continue to exhibit low coercivity after annealing at 400°C.
De-noising of Lidar Point Clouds Corrupted by Snowfall (2018)

A common problem in autonomous driving is designing a system that can operate in adverse weather conditions. Falling rain and snow tends to corrupt sensor measurements, particularly for lidar sensors. Surprisingly, very little research has been published on methods to de-noise point clouds which are collected by lidar in rainy or snowy weather conditions. In this paper, we present a method for removing snow noise by processing point clouds using a 3D outlier detection algorithm. Our method, the dynamic radius outlier removal filter, accounts for the variation in point cloud density with increasing distance from the sensor, with the goal of removing the noise caused by snow while retaining detail in environmental features (which is necessary for autonomous localization and navigation). The proposed method outperforms other noise-removal methods, including methods which operate on depth image representations of the lidar scans. We show on point clouds obtained while driving in falling snow that we can simultaneously obtain > 90% precision and recall, indicating that the proposed method is effective at removing snow, without removing environmental features.