gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of glutathione in the export of compounds from cells by the multidrug-resistance-associated protein. (1995)

Multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that can confer multidrug resistance (MDR) by lowering intracellular drug concentration. Here we demonstrate that depletion of intracellular glutathione by DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine results in a complete reversal of resistance to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, vincristine, and VP-16 in lung carcinoma cells transfected with a MRP cDNA expression vector. Glutathione depletion had less effect on MDR in cells transfected with MDR1 cDNA encoding P-glycoprotein and did not increase the passive uptake of daunorubicin by cells, indicating that the decrease of MRP-mediated MDR was not due to nonspecific membrane damage. Glutathione depletion resulted in a decreased efflux of daunorubicin from MRP-transfected cells, but not from MDR1-transfected cells, suggesting that glutathione is specifically required for the export of drugs from cells by MRP. We also show that MRP increases the export of glutathione from the cell and this increased export is further elevated in the presence of arsenite. Our results support the hypothesis that MRP functions as a glutathione S-conjugate carrier.
VISION II (1981)

The analog graphics display is one of the most fascinating devices that computer technology has produced. The fluidity and complexity of motion possible with line-drawing displays is quite captivating and has initiated many interesting and fruitful software endeavors.
ChemInform Abstract: Epibatidine: A Novel (Chloropyridyl)azabicycloheptane with Potent Analgesic Activity from an Ecuadoran Poison Frog. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selectivity in the free-radical reduction of lactones with trichlorosilane (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivity in the free-radical reduction of lactones with trichlorosilaneS. W. Bladwin, R. J. Doll, and S. A. HautCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 16, 2470–2472Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00930a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00930a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iridoids. An Updated Review, Part II (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIridoids. An Updated Review, Part IIChristie A. Boros and Frank R. StermitzCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1991, 54, 5, 1173–1246Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50077a001https://doi.org/10.1021/np50077a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1195Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A KTA Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by a Q-Switched, Injection-seeded Nd:YAG Laser (1996)

We demonstrated a KTA OPO (θ = 90°, ϕ = 15°) pumped by a diode-pumped, Q-switched and injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser. The wavelength of the signal wave was 1.5322 µm. The conversion efficiency was as high as 49%. Compared to the noncritical phase matching at θ = 90°, ϕ = 0°, the phase matching angles chosen in this work allowed a blue wavelength tuning while preserving the high effective nonlinear coefficient deff and the small walk-off angle.
Remarkable activity, selectivity and stability of polymer-supported Pt catalysts in room temperature, solvent-less, alkene hydrosilylations (2000)

A polystyrene-resin supported Pt catalyst displays higher conversion, remarkably improved selectivity and excellent recyclability relative to Speier’s catalyst in the room temperature solvent-less hydrosilylation of oct-1-ene using trichlorosilane.
Endogenous NGF regulates CGRP expression in human monocytes, and affects HLA-DR and CD86 expression and IL-10 production (2005)

Our recent results on autocrine nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in B lymphocytes, which directly regulates the expression and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide known to down-regulate immune response, led us to propose an anti-inflammatory action of NGF. In the present work, we investigated whether the endogenous synthesis of NGF can regulate the expression of CGRP in other antigen-presenting cells, such as monocytes, and whether this may have a functional effect. Our data indicate that human monocytes synthesize basal levels of NGF and CGRP and that, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, NGF and CGRP expression are both up-regulated. When endogenous NGF is neutralized, the up-regulation of CGRP expression induced by LPS is inhibited. The expression of membrane molecules involved in T-cell activation such as human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD86 is affected by endogenous NGF, and similar effects were obtained using a CGRP(1) receptor antagonist. In addition, NGF deprivation in LPS-treated monocytes significantly decreases interleukin 10 (IL-10) synthesis. Our findings indicate that endogenous NGF synthesis has a functional role and may represent a physiologic mechanism to down-regulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 expression and alter the development of immune responses.
Adaptive Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems with Doppler spread (2006)

In this paper, we propose adaptive channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in fast time-varying (TV) channels. A basis expansion model (BEM) approach is used to capture the time variation of the channel within each OFDM block, and to reduce the estimator dimensionality. Capitalizing on the BEM structure and on a frequency domain training, two adaptive approaches are proposed, based on Kalman filtering and recursive least squares (LS) methods, which exploit the time correlation of the channel between successive blocks and do not require any a-priori knowledge of the channel statistics. Simulation results show that, compared to classical least squares and statistically-aided linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) approaches, the two proposed techniques effectively estimate the channel, adapt fast to its non stationary changes, thus enabling efficient TV channel equalization of the inter-carrier interference (ICI) induced in OFDM systems by high Doppler spreads
SERPINB12 Is a Novel Member of the Human ov-serpin Family That Is Widely Expressed and Inhibits Trypsin-like Serine Proteinases (2001)

Members of the human serpin family regulate a diverse array of serine and cysteine proteinases associated with essential biological processes such as fibrinolysis, coagulation, inflammation, cell mobility, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Most serpins are secreted and attain physiologic concentrations in the blood and extracellular fluids. However, a subset of the serpin superfamily, the ov-serpins, also resides intracellularly. Using high throughput genomic sequence, we identified a novel member of the human ov-serpin gene family, SERPINB12. The gene mapped to the ov-serpin cluster at 18q21 and resided between SERPINB5 (maspin) and SERPINB13 (headpin). The presence of SERPINB12 in silico was confirmed by cDNA cloning. Expression studies showed that SERPINB12 was expressed in many tissues, including brain, bone marrow, lymph node, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, testis, ovary, and intestines. Based on the presence of Arg and Ser at the reactive center of the RSL, SERPINB12 appeared to be an inhibitor of trypsin-like serine proteinases. This hypothesis was confirmed because recombinant SERPINB12 inhibited human trypsin and plasmin but not thrombin, coagulation factor Xa, or urokinase-type plasminogen activator. The second-order rate constants for the inhibitory reactions were 2.5 +/- 1.6 x 10(5) and 1.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(4) M(-1) S(-1), respectively. These data show that SERPINB12 encodes for a new functional member of the human ov-serpin family.
Hypoxia Imaging of Rodent Xenografts with &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-Fluoromisonidazole: Comparison of Dynamic and Static PET Imaging (2012)

Purpose: To generate parametric images of tumor hypoxia in a tumor-bearing rat model using voxel-based compartmental analysis of dynamic fluorine-18 labeled misonidazole (18F-FMISO) microPET? images, and to compare the parametric images thus derived with static “late” 18F-FMISO microPET? images for the detection of tumor hypoxia. Materials and Methods: Nude rats bearing HT-29 colorectal carcinoma xenografts (≈1.5 - 2 cm in diameter) in the right hind limb were positioned in a custom-fabricated, animal-specific foam mold. Animals were injected via the tail vein with ≈55.5 MBq 18F-FMISO and continuously imaged for either 60 or 120 minutes, with additional late static images up to 3 hour post-injection. The raw list-mode data was reconstructed into 37 - 64 frames with earlier frames of shorter time durations (12 - 15 seconds) and later frames of longer durations (up to 300 seconds). Time activity curves (TACs) were generated over regions encompassing the tumor as well as an artery, the latter for use as an input function. A beta version of a compartmental modeling package (BioGuide?, Philips Healthcare) was used to generate parametric images of k3 and Ki, rate constants of entrapment and flux of 18F-FMISO, respectively. Results: Data for 7 HT-29 tumor xenografts were presented, 6 of which yielded clear areas of tumor hypoxia as defined by Ki/k3 maps. Importantly, intratumoral foci with high 18F-FMISO uptakes on the late images did not always exhibit high Ki/k3 values and may there- fore represent false-positives for radiobiologically significant hypoxia. Conclusions: This study attempts to quantify tumor hypoxia using compartmental analysis of dynamic 18F-FMISO PET images in rodent xenograft tumor models. The results demonstrate feasibility of the approach in small-animal imaging studies, and provide evidence for the possible unreliability of late-time static imaging of 18F-FMISO PET in identifying tumor hypoxia.
Predictive Value of Maternal Angiogenic Factors in Second Trimester Pregnancies With Abnormal Uterine Perfusion (2007)

Angiogenic factors like placental growth factor and its antiangiogenic antagonist soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) are closely related to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Because it is known that altered maternal sFlt1 and placental growth factor levels are detectable weeks before the onset of these pregnancy complications, it was the aim of the study to investigate the predictive value of these markers in high-risk second trimester pregnancies characterized by abnormal uterine perfusion. This prospective study includes 63 second trimester pregnant women with abnormal uterine perfusion. Twenty five of them developed a later complication (12 with preeclampsia, 11 with intrauterine growth restriction, and 2 with intrauterine death), whereas 38 had a normal course of pregnancy. Pregnancies with adverse pregnancy outcome showed in the second trimester significantly higher sFlt1 (1403.6+/-555 versus 451.8+/-42 pg/mL; P<0.05) and lower placental growth factor (139.6+/-24 versus 184.1+/-21 pg/mL) levels compared with those with normal outcome. These alterations were more pronounced in pregnancies with subsequent preeclampsia compared with intrauterine growth restriction and early onset diseases (delivery <34 weeks) compared with late-onset diseases. The combination of Doppler and sFlt1 increases the sensitivity of Doppler alone for iatrogenic preterm delivery from 64% up to 79% and the specificity from 63% up to 80%. Using both factors, sFlt1 and placental growth factor, early onset preeclampsia can be predicted with 83% sensitivity and 95% specificity. We conclude that the concurrent measurement of uterine perfusion and angiogenic factors allows an efficient prediction of early onset pregnancy complications, particularly preeclampsia.
Paraplegia: Prolonged Closed-Loop Standing with Implanted Nucleus FES-22 Stimulator and Andrews' Foot-Ankle Orthosis (1997)

Our object is to develop a reliable, implantable and closed-loop functional electrical stimulator (FES) hybrid system for safe prolonged standing in paraplegic individuals. Open-loop FES systems rapidly induce muscle fatigue that limits paraplegic standing to less than 20 and typically 10 min. Since December 1991, a paraplegic male (CS: 23 years old, T10 level, Asia: A) has been implanted with the first Nucleus FES-22 channel stimulating system (Cochlear Ltd., Lane Cove, N.S.W., Australia). Epineural platinum disc electrodes (2.5 mm) were placed on branches of the femoral, gluteal and sciatic nerves, which can be activated to produce controlled lower extremity movements for exercise and standing. No medical complications have occurred during these 5 1/2 years of implantation. The ankles are stabilized with Andrews' ankle-foot braces, the knees are free to flex. With bilateral knee goniometers fitted to sense a 10 degrees angle flexion, this hybrid closed-loop stimulation system allows the patient to achieve safe uninterrupted standing for over 60 min. The stimulator has needed to be activated 'on' for 8% (range: 3-17%) of the standing times, preventing muscle fatigue, with little or no changes found in the vital signs. The patient can manipulate and transfer objects at arm length up to 2.2 kg with good stability. New, less obstrusive sensors are currently being tested for a safer and more reliable closed-loop system.
Slant menu (2012)

In this paper, we propose a new GUI design method based on ergonomics and describe our new menu widget named Slant Menu. Natural human hand movements on a table are reflected in this menu, which appears in an inclined direction with a curved form, rather than a conventional vertical, linear GUI menu. We have developed the prototype and conducted usability testing.
On-line space sculpturing for 3D shape manipulation (2002)

We present a new data structure, called the Multi-Sculpture, to represent 3D shapes at multiple levels of detail. The input shape at high resolution is described as a mesh of triangles. A coarse approximation of this shape is provided by the convex hull of the mesh, while intermediate approximations are obtained by sculpturing the space that separates the convex hull from the mesh. A higher level of detail corresponds to a higher degree of concavity in the shape approximation. The data structure supports online extraction of a shape representation at a user-defined level of detail, possibly varing over different parts of the shape. This mechanism allows speeding up recognition, classification, collision detection, and planning of manipulation tasks.
Remote teaching via ISDN2 and desktop conferencing (1993)

The Desktop Conferencing project is based at Exeter University School of Education using International Computers Limited (ICL) and Fujitsu desktop conferencing systems linked with British Telecom's integrated services digital network (ISDN2) lines. The systems are set up in three locations: the University and two schools. The project is being used to enhance teaching and learning between university staff, student teachers, school pupils and school teachers. Consultants have also participated in education-industry links through desktop conferencing. Desktop conferencing uses a pair of telephone lines to link participants at either end, sharing both voice and computer systems. Teacher and student can run the same software together, see the same screen, discuss it and even key in changes. In addition a flipchart facility is available and files can be transferred extremely quickly. The author presents case studies which are drawn from group work, business studies and science. >
The end of the NHS? (2011)

The end of the NHS?' in the March issue of BJGP starts with a quote 'What do you call a man who ignores medical advice? Mr Clarke'. 1 That was the theme of one of the British Medical Association's (BMA's) posters used in its campaign of 1989/90 against Kenneth Clarke's so-called 'reforms'. The quote comes from Nicholas Timmins' book The Five Giants -a Biography of the Welfare State (page 471). A casual reader may think that Timmins held that view. He certainly did not. On the contrary, Nicholas Timmins described our posters as 'of memorable brilliance!'. 2 There was criticism of the poster by The Independent newspaper that I rebutted. It is also true that about 250 doctors left the BMA as a result of our poster campaign -about 2500 joined. Eighteen years later I revealed in my book The NHS: Beginning, Middle and End?, 4 for which Nick Timmins wrote the foreword, my personal and private opinion that the 'Mr Clarke' poster was counter-productive.
Influences of Lovastatin on membrane ion flow and intracellular signaling in breast cancer cells (2006)

Lovastatin, an inhibitor of cellular cholesterol synthesis, has an apparent anti-cancer property, but the detailed mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the molecular mechanism of Lovastatin anti-tumor function through the study of its effect on membrane ion flow, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and the pathways of related signals in MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. After treatment for 24-72 h with 4, 8 or 16 micromol/L Lovastatin, cellular proliferation was examined via the MTT assay, and changes in membrane potential and cellular [Ca(2+)](i) were monitored using confocal laser microscopy. In addition, the expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1 (PMCA1) mRNA was analyzed via RT-PCR, the GJIC function was examined using the scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT) technique, and MAPK phosphorylation levels were tested with the kinase activity assay. The results showed that Lovastatin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It also increased the negative value of the membrane potential, leading to the hyperpolarization of cells. Moreover, Lovastatin treatment continuously enhanced [Ca(2+)](i), although the levels of PMCA1 mRNA were unchanged. GJIC was also upregulated in MCF-7 cells, with transfer of LY Fluorescence reaching 4 to 5 rows of cells from the scraped line after treatment with 16 micromol/L Lovastatin for 72 h. Finally, downregulation of ERK1 and p38(MAPK) phosphorylation were found in Lovastatin-treated MCF-7 cells. It could be deduced that Lovastatin can induce changes in cellular hyperpolarization and intracellular Ca(2+) distributions, and increase GJIC function. These effects may result in changes in the downstream signal cascade, inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cells.
NaIO<sub>4</sub>-Mediated Selective Oxidation of Alkylarenes and Benzylic Bromides/Alcohols to Carbonyl Derivatives Using Water as Solvent (2006)

A new transition-metal-free, sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4)-mediated direct oxidation of methylarenes and benzylic bromides to the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids is described. Under the same reaction conditions, benzylic alcohols are selectively oxidized to afford the corresponding aldehydes in good yields without undergoing overoxidation. Unprecedentedly, oxidation of benzyl bromide, toluene, or benzyl alcohol with NaIO4 underwent nuclear bromination followed by oxidation to give 4-bromobenzoic acid in 60-79% yields.
Voltage- and calcium-dependent gating of TMEM16A/Ano1 chloride channels are physically coupled by the first intracellular loop (2011)

Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs) are exceptionally well adapted to subserve diverse physiological roles, from epithelial fluid transport to sensory transduction, because their gating is cooperatively controlled by the interplay between ionotropic and metabotropic signals. A molecular understanding of the dual regulation of CaCCs by voltage and Ca(2+) has recently become possible with the discovery that Ano1 (TMEM16a) is an essential subunit of CaCCs. Ano1 can be gated by Ca(2+) or by voltage in the absence of Ca(2+), but Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent gating are very closely coupled. Here we identify a region in the first intracellular loop that is crucial for both Ca(2+) and voltage sensing. Deleting (448)EAVK in the first intracellular loop dramatically decreases apparent Ca(2+) affinity. In contrast, mutating the adjacent amino acids (444)EEEE abolishes intrinsic voltage dependence without altering the apparent Ca(2+)affinity. Voltage-dependent gating of Ano1 measured in the presence of intracellular Ca(2+) was facilitated by anions with high permeability or by an increase in [Cl(-)](e). Our data show that the transition between closed and open states is governed by Ca(2+) in a voltage-dependent manner and suggest that anions allosterically modulate Ca(2+)-binding affinity. This mechanism provides a unified explanation of CaCC channel gating by voltage and ligand that has long been enigmatic.
Fabrication and Properties of Low‐Shrinkage Reaction‐Bonded Mullite (1991)

Mullite ceramics were fabricated according to the recently developed reaction‐bonded Al 2 O 3 (RBAO) technology. Green compacts consisting of mechanically alloyed Al, SiC, and Al 2 O 3 were heat‐treated in two steps. During the first hold at 1200°C, Al and SiC were oxidized to form Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 . On further heating, mullite was formed which then sintered during the second hold at 1550°C. All reactions involved in the process were associated with volume expansions that almost compensated for the shrinkage on sintering. Processing details and microstructure development are discussed. Reaction‐bonded mullite ceramics exhibit high fracture strength, e.g., 290 MPa at a density of 97% of theoretical density.