gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of serum IgA HIV-1 infection-enhancing antibodies in HIV-infected persons. Masking by IgG. (1995)

IgA and IgG purified from sera of 20 HIV-infected persons were separately examined for ability to mediate Ab-dependent enhancement (ADE) of HIV-1 infection of U937 cells. Both isotypes were capable of enhancing infection of these cells. However, IgA from twice as many persons (14/20) displayed infection enhancement when compared with IgG. This activity was predominantly observed with IgA from asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects (9/9). Enhanced HIV infection by IgA was observed most often at concentrations equivalent to serum dilutions in the range 10(-3) to 10(-5) and could be inhibited by preincubation of U937 cells with a mAb specific for the Fc alpha receptor. Concentrations of IgG mediating ADE were generally present in sera at dilutions from 10(-4) to 10(-6). When IgG was adjusted to physiologic concentration and combined with an enhancing concentration of IgA, enhancement was not observed unless IgG was also present at a concentration which exhibited this activity. These results suggest that, in comparison with IgG, HIV-infected individuals more often produce IgA Abs reacting with enhancing determinants of HIV. IgA-mediated ADE of HIV infection may not play a significant role in facilitating systemic dissemination of HIV because of the presence of higher concentrations of IgG. However, the production of IgA HIV-enhancing Abs at mucosal sites, where fewer IgG plasma cells are present, could contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection and interfere with development of vaccines designed to induce HIV IgA Abs at mucosal surfaces.
A new stacked capacitor DRAM cell characterized by a storage capacitor on a bit-line structure (2003)

The authors introduce a diagonal active stacked capacitor cell with a highly packed storage node (DASH) for use in a 16-Mb DRAM (dynamic random access memory). This novel cell features a storage capacitor formed above a bit line and the diagonal active area, which provides a large storage capacitance, 35 fF/bit, in a cell size of 3.4 mu m/sup 2/. The average charge retention time measured using an experimental 2-kb array is 30 s at 40 degrees C, indicating that the DASH has a superior potential for application to 16-Mb DRAMs. The memory cell leakage current is controlled to the order of 10/sup -12/ A.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Weight reduction in obese hypertensive patients. (1991)

This study tested the feasibility of a low-technology office-based approach to weight reduction in obese hypertensive patients. Family practice residents were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Physicians in the experimental group were instructed in methods of weight reduction, which they then passed on to their patients. Patients of experimental physicians were seen monthly, their diets were discussed, and improvements were suggested. The control group patients received their usual care. After six months the experimental patients had lost significantly more weight than the controls and had significantly reduced the number of antihypertensive drugs while maintaining blood pressure control. After 12 months there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to weight loss, blood pressure, or number of antihypertensive drugs. Experimental and control patients who lost weight had visited their physicians more frequently than those who did not and had reduced the number of antihypertensive medications they were taking. This educationally oriented intervention trial is an example of the type of research that is practical to perform in a family practice center and is applicable in family physicians' offices.
Simple multiwavelength time-division multiplexed light source for sensing applications (2008)

We present a novel multiwavelength, time-division multiplexed laser design that continuously cycles through N spectrally narrow wavelengths, spending a specified, fixed time on each one. The design is based on a matched compressor/stretcher and a custom waveform generator applying modulation preferably to the gain medium. The realization discussed here utilizes a pulsed semiconductor optical amplifier in an all-fiber cavity containing fiber Bragg gratings. The laser cycles through 19 wavelengths in a 44 nm wide spectral band (1333-1377 nm) every 15 micros. The source contains no moving parts, offers high repetition rates, narrow spectral linewidths, and custom spectral profiling of the output.
Preparation and quality control of <sup>211</sup>At‐labelled and <sup>125</sup>I‐labelled monoclonal antibodies. Biodistribution in mice carrying human osteosarcoma xenografts (1994)

Abstract Two anti‐osteosarcoma monoclonal antibodies (TP‐3 IgG and TP‐1 F(ab′) 2 ) were labelled with the α‐particle emitting radionuclide 211 At and, for comparison of stability, with 125 I using the N‐succinimidyl‐3‐(trimethylstannyl)benzoate intermediate. The quality of the final preparations was measured with immunoreactivity analyses using intact osteosarcoma cells. Immunoreactivity was well retained with values in the range of 65% to 85% for 211 At‐labelled and 125 I‐labelled TP‐3 IgG and approximately 60% for both 211 At‐labelled and 125 I‐labelled TP‐1 F(ab) 2 . Tumour uptake and retention as well as normal tissue distribution in mice with osteosarcoma xenografts were measured. The uptake of the two radionuclides in tumour was similar, while there was a slight general increase in normal tissue activity at later points for the 211 At‐labelled MoAbs compared to the 125 I‐labelled MoAbs, probably caused by a minor release of free 211 At from the MoAb preparations. The stable retention in tumor tissue demonstrated in this study indicates that 211 At‐labelled MoAbs may have potential in the treatment of tumours that allow a rapid uptake.
The effect of Fel d 1‐derived T‐cell peptides on upper and lower airway outcome measurements in cat‐allergic subjects (2005)

Multiple, short, overlapping Fel d 1 T-cell peptides have potential for inhibiting upper and lower airway outcome measurements in cat allergic patients. Larger, dose-ranging, studies are required before firm conclusions on clinical efficacy of peptide allergen therapy can be made.
Copper dual damascene integration using organic low k material: construction architecture comparison (2002)

This paper presents three integration schemes of copper with a pure organic low k material (SiLK/sup TM/, Dow Chemical Co., k=2.8). We will compare two trench first architectures, leading to a self or not self aligned structure, with the more conventional self aligned "Via First at Via Level" structure. The limitations of the self aligned structures are discussed by comparison with results obtained with SiO2.
Colon carcinoma glycoproteins carrying α 2,6-linked sialic acid reactive withSambucus Nigra agglutinin are not constitutively expressed in normal human colon mucosa and are distinct from sialyl-tn antigen (1997)

In human colon carcinoma, increased amounts of sialic acids have been found and correlated with tumor progression. Further, the degree of O-acetylation of sialic acid residues in normal mucosa is higher than in colon carcinoma. Thus, tumor-associated sialylated antigens may be constitutively expressed in O-acetylated form in normal mucosa unreactive with the respective monoclonal antibodies. We have earlier demonstrated a colon carcinoma-associated expression of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid residues with the Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). We report now that de-acetylation of normal and transitional colonic mucosa, in contrast to sialyl-Tn antigen, does not result in SNA binding. Further, the alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid recognized by SNA is distinct from that of sialyl-Tn antigen. This is confirmed by Northern blotting detecting transcripts for alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase of N-glycoproteins and measurement of activity for this sialyltransferase. Blot analysis by SNA of colon carcinoma cells revealed few reactive glycoproteins. Quantitative differences in lectin labeling and sialyltransferase activity were found in HCT116 colon carcinoma cell sub-lines. Our data suggest that SNA binding in human colon carcinoma is due to de novo expression of a specific sialic acid present on selected glycoproteins.
The role and performance measurement of after‐sales in the durable consumer goods industries: an empirical study (2006)

Purpose To analyse the role of after‐sales services in manufacturing contexts, and the related after‐sales performance measurement systems. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory case study research was performed in the automotive, household appliance, IT and consumer electronics industries. The sample is made up of 48 firms with after‐sales operations in Italy. Findings The role attributed to after‐sales activities in the IT and consumer electronics and household appliance industries shows an orientation to improve company image, customer satisfaction and retention (marketing focus). A different situation characterises the companies studied in the automotive industry. In most firms, however, measurement systems are quite simple and short‐term oriented, especially in the IT and consumer electronics and household appliance industries. The measurement of non‐financial performance emphasises effectiveness rather than efficiency, and the automotive industry, on the whole, presents more advanced measurement systems, together with more integrated strategic management of after‐sales. The household appliance industry, on the other hand, due to the significant presence of SMEs, is characterised by less sophisticated performance measurement systems. Originality/value Provides a representation of current empirical practices in after‐sales role and performance measurement, a topic insufficiently covered by conceptual and empirical research.
Fast complex adaptive spline neural networks for digital signal processing (2002)

We study a complex-domain artificial neural networks, called the adaptive spline neural network, defined in the complex domain, which is able to adapt its activation functions by varying the control points of a Catmull-Rom cubic spline. This kind of neural network can be implemented as a very simple structure which is able to improve the generalization capabilities using few training epochs. Due to its low architectural complexity the network can be used to cope with several nonlinear DSP problems at high sampling rate. In particular, we investigate the application of this new neural network model to the adaptive channel equalization problem. The goal is to design a receiver which compensates the high power amplifier nonlinearities in digital radio links and performs the symbols extraction from the received data (demodulation process), when a 16-QAM is used.
Impairment of Hepatitis B Virus Virion Secretion by Single-Amino-Acid Substitutions in the Small Envelope Protein and Rescue by a Novel Glycosylation Site (2010)

Mutations in the S region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope gene are associated with immune escape, occult infection, and resistance to therapy. We previously identified naturally occurring mutations in the S gene that alter HBV virion secretion. Here we used transcomplementation assay to confirm that the I110M, G119E, and R169P mutations in the S domain of viral envelope proteins impair virion secretion and that an M133T mutation rescues virion secretion of the I110M and G119E mutants. The G119E mutation impaired detection of secreted hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), suggesting immune escape. The R169P mutant protein is defective in HBsAg secretion as well and has a dominant negative effect when it is coexpressed with wild-type envelope proteins. Although the S domain is present in all three envelope proteins, the I110M, G119E, and R169P mutations impair virion secretion through the small envelope protein. Conversely, coexpression of just the small envelope protein of the M133T mutant could rescue virion secretion. The M133T mutation could also overcome the secretion defect caused by the G145R immune-escape mutation or mutation at N146, the site of N-linked glycosylation. In fact, the M133T mutation creates a novel N-linked glycosylation site ((131)NST(133)). Destroying this site by N131Q/T mutation or preventing glycosylation by tunicamycin treatment of transfected cells abrogated the effect of the M133T mutation. Our findings demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of HBV envelope proteins is critical for virion secretion and that the secretion defect caused by mutations in the S protein can be rescued by an extra glycosylation site.
Metastatic uterine adenocarcinoma in an 8-year-old gilt. (2009)

An 8-y-old gilt was evaluated after the onset of hemorrhagic perineal discharge. Uterine adenocarcinoma with metastases to the lungs and regional lymph nodes was diagnosed at necropsy. Tumor cells lacked expression of estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor. This case represents the first reported uterine adenocarcinoma in a research pig and the first swine uterine neoplasia in which steroid hormone receptor expression was evaluated.
Vanadium(IV) and -(V) Complexes with O,N-Chelating Aminophenolate and Pyridylalkoxide Ligands (2000)

Two different monoanionic O,N-chelating ligand systems, i.e., [OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me2-4,6]- (1) and [OCMe2([2]-Py)]- (2), have been applied in the synthesis of vanadium(V) complexes. The tertiary amine functionality in 1 caused reduction of the vanadium nucleus to the 4+ oxidation state with either [VOCl3], [V(=NR)Cl3], or [V(=NR)(NEt2)3] (R = Ph, (3a, 5a), R = p-Tol (3b, 5b)), and applying 1 as a reducing agent resulted in the synthesis of the vanadium(IV) complexes [VO(OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me2-4,6)2] (4) and [V(=NPh)(OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me2-4,6)2] (6). In the case of [V(=N-p-Tol)(NEt2)(OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me2-4,6)2] (7b), the reduction was sufficiently slow to allow its characterization by 1H NMR and variable-temperature studies showed it to be a five-coordinate species in solution. Although the reaction of 1 with [V(=N-p-Tol)(O-i-Pr)3] (9b) did not result in reduction of the vanadium nucleus, vanadium(V) compounds could not be isolated. Mixtures of the vanadium(V) (mono)phenolate, [V(=N-p-Tol)(O-i-Pr)2(OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me2-4,6)] (10), and the vanadium(V) (bis)phenolate, [V(=N-p-Tol)(O-i-Pr)(OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me2-4,6)2] (11), were obtained. With the pyridylalkoxide 2, no reduction was observed and the vanadium(V) compounds [VOCl2(OCMe2([2]-Py))] (12) and [V(=N-p-Tol)Cl2(OCMe2([2]-Py)] (13) were obtained. 51V NMR showed 7b and 12 to be five-coordinate in solution, whereas for 10, 11, and 13 a coordination number of 6 was found. Compounds 12 and 13 showed decreased activity compared to their nonchelated vanadium(V) analogues when applied as catalysts in ethene polymerization. Two polymorphic forms with a difference in the V-N-C angle of 12.5 degrees have been found for 6. Crystal data: 6.Et2O, triclinic, P1, a = 11.1557(6) A, b = 12.5744(12) A, c = 13.1051(14) A, alpha = 64.244(8) degrees, beta = 70.472(7) degrees, gamma = 87.950(6) degrees, V = 1547(3) A3, Z = 2; 6.C6H6, triclinic, P1, a = 8.6034(3) A, b = 13.3614(4) A, c = 15.1044(5) A, alpha = 98.182(3) degrees, beta = 105.618(2) degrees, gamma = 107.130(2) degrees, V = 1551.00(10) A3, Z = 2; 12, orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 11.8576(12) A, b = 12.6710(13) A, c = 14.722(2) A, V = 2211.9(4) A3, Z = 8.
The in vitro and in vivo Antitumor Activity of Vitamin C: K3 Combinations Against Prostate Cancer (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biomechanics of Locked Plates and Screws (2004)

Locked plates and conventional plates rely on completely different mechanical principles to provide fracture fixation and in so doing they provide different biological environments for healing. Locked plates may increasingly be indicated for indirect fracture reduction, diaphyseal/metaphyseal fractures in osteoporotic bone, bridging severely comminuted fractures, and the plating of fractures where anatomical constraints prevent plating on the tension side of the bone. Conventional plates may continue to be the fixation method of choice for periarticular fractures which demand perfect anatomical reduction and to certain types of nonunions which require increased stability for union.
OGO Search Coil Magnetometer Experiments (1969)

The OGO triaxial search coil magnetometer measures naturally occurring magnetic fluctuations between 0.01 Hz and ~1000 Hz in the space around the earth. The instrument design is described and the design rationale discussed. The results of the observations on the first five OGO spacecraft in the magnetosphere, magnetotail, magnetosheath, and interplanetary medium, as well as at hydromagnetic bow shock, are summarized and discussed.
Modeling Dielectrophoretic Force Induced Bubble Motion in Micro-Channels (2006)

Using electrostatic forces to control bubble motion in meso to micro-scale channels filled with dielectric liquid is a promising and experimentally validated approach. In this study, dielectrophoretic force induced bubble motion in micro-channels is investigated in terms of a simple model, which has been verified by comparing with experimental data for bubble motion in meso-scale channels. Dielectrophoretic force, pressure drop across a gas bubble, viscous friction at channel wall, and inertial force related to fluid acceleration or deceleration when applied electrostatic field changes with position and time are parameterized and included explicitly in the model. For wide ranges of considered model parameters, including fluid properties, channel and electrode geometry, and applied electric field as well, modeling predictions for dynamic bubble motion in micro-channels are obtained and compared with the counterpart in meso-channel case. The results of this study show that with the channel size decreasing from meso-scale to micro-scale, the effect of inertial force becomes less important and negligible, while the pressure drop across the bubble increases significantly. In addition, it is demonstrated that the fringing field of the planar electrodes becomes more important and must be considered at micro-scale.
Testable Signatures of Quantum Nonlocality in a Two-Dimensional Chiral<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Wave Superconductor (2008)

A class of topological excitations-the odd-winding number vortices-in a spinless 2D chiral p-wave (px+ipy) superconductor traps Majorana fermion states in the vortex cores. For a dilute gas of such vortices, the lowest energy fermionic eigenstates are intrinsically nonlocal. We predict two testable signatures of this unusual quantum nonlocality in quasiparticle tunneling experiments. We discuss why the associated teleportationlike phenomenon does not imply the violation of causality.
Migration Studies and Histology of Injectable Microspheres of Different Sizes in Mice (2004)

Injectable dermal filler materials consist of either fluids, biological fragments, or suspensions of particles or microspheres. Particles and microspheres are said to "migrate," but migration can occur only when they are injected into blood vessels. To evaluate biocompatibility and transport, five nonresorbable polymethylmethacrylate microspheres of various sizes, suspended in different carriers, as well as resorbable polylactic acid and dextran microspheres were injected subcutaneously into mice. The five implantation sites were the right cheek, right axilla, right groin, urethra, and the right quadriceps muscle of the thigh. These sites were excised along with the local lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and spleen at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after injection. Polymethylmethacrylate microspheres of 4 microm and 8 microm were phagocytosed but not transported to lymph nodes or distant organs. Larger microspheres of 20, 40, and 100 microm were encapsulated by connective tissue, macrophages, and giant cells. Polylactic acid microspheres caused a mild inflammatory response and had disappeared at 6 months. Dextran microspheres caused a pronounced foreign-body reaction and were phagocytosed at 9 months. The extremely large carbon-coated spheres of 200 to 500 microm in diameter "migrated" up to 1 cm from the implantation site. With the exception of an erroneous intravenous injection, no migration or transportation of any of the injected microspheres to lymph nodes or filter organs was seen. Obviously, the collagen glue released no microspheres. After subdermal injection, the collagen carrier substance kept the microspheres apart as a scaffold for tissue ingrowth, whereas all other carrier substances, such as gelatin, hyaluronic acid, or alginate, separated soon after injection, thereby causing agglomeration of the microspheres.
Tolerance and Cancer: A Critical Issue in Tumor Immunology (1996)

Self-antigens are the most relevant and abundant antigens to which the host's immune system must be tolerant. Induction and maintenance of tolerance to self-antigens is mediated by several mechanisms that prevent inappropriate damage to normal tissues. However, these same mechanisms may impose potential barriers for the full development of effective immune responses against antigens expressed by tumors. A critical issue in tumor immunology is whether antigen presented by a progressively expanding tumor cell population results in T-cell tolerance. Utilizing a T cell receptor transgenic mice specific for a model tumor antigen expressed on a B-cell lymphoma, recently we have obtained direct evidence supporting the existence of tumor-induced antigen-specific tolerance. A better identification and understanding of the factor(s) involved in tumor-induced tolerance has clear implications for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies aimed at safely breaking tolerance, for example, releasing the brakes on antitumor immune responses while still limiting the induction of undesirable autoimmune responses.
Alteration of retinal intrinsic survival signal and effect of α2–adrenergic receptor agonist in the retina of the chronic ocular hypertension rat (2007)

The purpose of this study is to examine the retinal expression of intrinsic cell survival molecules and to elucidate the effect of an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist in the chronic ocular hypertensive rat model. Chronic ocular hypertension was induced in both eyes of each rat by episcleral vein cauterization. Two five-microliter drops of the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist brimonidine 0.2% (Alphagan; Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) were topically administered twice daily for up to eight weeks in one eye. The fellow eye received balanced salt solution as a control. Protein and mRNA expression were evaluated at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after injury. Retinal expression of BDNF, Akt, and GFAP was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Retinal levels of mRNA for BDNF, bcl-2, and bcl-xL were determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density was evaluated after retrograde labeling with 4-Di-10-ASP (DiA). A significant decrease in RGC density was observed in ocular hypertensive eyes. Cauterized eyes showed an increase in GFAP expression from one week after injury, and the expression of bcl-2, bcl-xL, and BDNF mRNA was also increased. Treatment of ocular hypertensive eyes with brimonidine resulted in a reduction in RGC loss, a decrease in the level of GFAP immunoreactivity, and an increment in BDNF mRNA and p-Akt expression. Brimonidine appears to protect RGCs from neurodegeneration through mechanisms involving alpha2-adrenergic receptor mediated survival signal activation and up-regulation of endogenous neurotrophic factor expression in the chronic ocular hypertensive rat retina.