gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of aminophenols and phenol in hair colorants by ultrasound‐assisted solid‐phase dispersion extraction coupled with ion chromatography (2014)

A simple and reliable ultrasound-assisted solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with ion chromatography was developed for the determination of aminophenols and phenol. The highly viscous hair colorant was dispersed in solvents using anhydrous sodium sulfite having dual functions of dispersant and antioxidant. The use of anhydrous sodium sulfite did not change the sample volume because it could completely dissolve in solution after matrix dispersion. The extraction and cleanup were combined in one single step for simplifying operation. The extraction process could be rapidly accomplished within 9 min with high sample throughput under the synergistic effects of vibration, ultrasound, and heating. Satisfactory linearity was observed with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9992, and the limits of detection varied from 0.02 to 0.09 mg/L. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by measuring the concentrations of aminophenols and phenol in 32 different commercial hair color products. The recoveries ranged from 86.4-101.2% with the relative standard deviations in the range of 0.52-4.3%. The method offers an attractive alternative for the analysis of trace phenols in complex matrices.
Effect of Bias Addition on the Gap-Filling Properties of Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Thin Films Grown by Helicon Wave Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

Gap-filling properties of fluorinated amorphous carbon thin films ( a -C:F) for low-dielectric-constant interlayer dielectrics were investigated. The a -C:F films were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from C 4 F 8 . It is demonstrated that by adding 400 kHz bias power to the substrate, the films could fill the gaps without leaving voids. Without bias application, the gap space was not filled. The bias power required to achieve complete gap filling was 30 W. The dielectric constant was 2.5 for the film with bias application.
Evaluation of Different Turkey Rhinotracheitis Viruses used as Antigens for Serological Testing following Live Vaccination and Challenge (1995)

Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) developed in the authors' laboratory for turkey rhinotracheitis serological testing, a commercial ELISA kit, and two virus-neutralization (VN) assays were compared with respect to the efficiency of these assays for serological monitoring in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) turkeys inoculated with four pathogenic isolates of turkey rhinotracheitis virus, with or without previous live vaccination. Both the live vaccine and the different isolates of virus were shown to induce antibody rises, the detectability of which varied depending on the ELISA or VN assay used for serological testing. The results show that 3 weeks after vaccination with an attenuated strain, the choice of an inadequate antigen for serological testing may be the cause of an apparent lack of immunogenicity of the vaccine, and that 2 weeks after challenge, such a choice in ELISA can also hinder the early diagnosis of a TRT virus infection in both vaccinated and unvaccinated turkeys.
Low-permittivity nanocomposite materials using sculptured thin film technology (2000)

The feasibility of using sculptured thin film technology to engineer multiphase low-permittivity (also called low-k) materials for microelectronic and electronic packaging applications is established via a numerical study. The chosen films are theoretically modeled as multiphase, uniaxial, dielectric nanocomposite materials and their anisotropic relative permittivity tensors are estimated using the Bruggeman formalism.
Water Distribution Network Planning Based on the Distribution Block System (2014)

The concept of DBS is introduced to the water supply network planning stage. Based on natural conditions, and combined with the situation of the pipe network layout, the DBS methods and principles are discussed. According to the hydraulic model, the DBS planning programs - which have been assessed by EPANET 2.0 - satisfy the water security. Compared with the traditional planning programs, the implementation of DBS in the planning period can save construction costs. The paper attempts to:(1) enhance the water supply network planning and design standards, and (2) improve the water network management and operational levels.
Micro electrochemical milling (2004)

In this paper, electrochemical machining (ECM) for fabricating micro structures is presented. By applying ultra short pulses, dissolution of a workpiece can be restricted to the region very close to an electrode. Using this method, 3D micro structures were machined on stainless steel. Good surface quality of the structures was obtained in the low concentration electrolyte, 0.1 M H2SO4. In ECM, when the machining depth increases, structures taper. To reduce the taper, a disc-type electrode is introduced. By electrochemical milling, various 3D micro structures including a hemisphere with 60 µm diameter were fabricated.
The infinite horizon optimal control problem on manifolds (1983)

In this paper we present a differential geometric approach to the infinite horizon optimal control problem for nonlinear time-invariant control systems.It uses a recently proposed fibre bundle approach for the definition of nonlinear systems.The approach yields a coordinate free first order characterization of optimal curves without a_priori regularity conditions.The usefulness of the approach is motivated and illustrated with the linearquadratic optimal control problem.
Genetic analysis of mitochondrial complex II subunits <i>SDHD</i>, <i>SDHB</i> and <i>SDHC</i> in paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma susceptibility (2003)

The significantly lower frequency (P = 0.028) of germline SDH subunit mutations in familial PC only cases compared to those with familial PC and HNPGL suggests that further PC susceptibility gene(s) remain to be identified.
15. Heterogeneous catalysis in solution. Part II. The effect of platinum on oxidation–reduction reactions (1965)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Semi‐quantitative characterisation of mixed pollen samples using MinION sequencing and Reverse Metagenomics (RevMet) (2019)

Abstract The ability to identify and quantify the constituent plant species that make up a mixed‐species sample of pollen has important applications in ecology, conservation, and agriculture. Recently, metabarcoding protocols have been developed for pollen that can identify constituent plant species, but there are strong reasons to doubt that metabarcoding can accurately quantify their relative abundances. A PCR‐free, shotgun metagenomics approach has greater potential for accurately quantifying species relative abundances, but applying metagenomics to eukaryotes is challenging due to low numbers of reference genomes. We have developed a pipeline, RevMet (Reverse Metagenomics) that allows reliable and semi‐quantitative characterization of the species composition of mixed‐species eukaryote samples, such as bee‐collected pollen, without requiring reference genomes. Instead, reference species are represented only by ‘genome skims’: low‐cost, low‐coverage, short‐read sequence datasets. The skims are mapped to individual long reads sequenced from mixed‐species samples using the MinION, a portable nanopore sequencing device, and each long read is uniquely assigned to a plant species. We genome‐skimmed 49 wild UK plant species, validated our pipeline with mock DNA mixtures of known composition, and then applied RevMet to pollen loads collected from wild bees. We demonstrate that RevMet can identify plant species present in mixed‐species samples at proportions of DNA ≥ 1%, with few false positives and false negatives, and reliably differentiate species represented by high versus low amounts of DNA in a sample. RevMet could readily be adapted to generate semi‐quantitative datasets for a wide range of mixed eukaryote samples. Our per‐sample costs were £90 per genome skim and £60 per pollen sample, and new versions of sequencers available now will further reduce these costs.
Effects of hyaluronan on engineered articular cartilage extracellular matrix gene expression in 3‐dimensional collagen scaffolds (2001)

Hyaluronan (HA) is a component of cartilage matrix with known effects on chondrocytes. We tested the effects of adding HA to 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen sponges on chondrocyte function in vitro. Bovine articular chondrocytes isolated by collagenase digestion were injected into either collagen or HA/collagen scaffolds comprising different amounts of HA (2, 5, 10, and 14% w/w). Expression of aggrecan and type II collagen genes was measured by gene-specific quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, and the extracellular matrix was estimated by histomorphometrical analyses. After 7-day culture, the chondrocytes in 2% (w/w) HA sponges expressed fourfold more mRNA transcripts for type II collagen (p = 0.002) and twofold more mRNA transcripts for aggrecan (p = 0.022) than in control collagen sponges. Furthermore, there was 45% more extracellular matrix in 2% (w/w) HA sponges and 43% less matrix in the 10% (w/w) HA sponges compared with plain collagen sponges (p > 0.05). In sum, a small amount of HA in 3-D collagen scaffolds enhanced chondrogenesis, but a greater amount was inhibitory. This 3-D system represents a novel tool to identify mechanisms by which extracellular matrix molecules influence chondrocyte function. Further, these results show the potential for modifying scaffolds to improve production of engineered cartilage for in vivo applications. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 55: 13–19, 2001
Cable‐Type Flexible Lithium Ion Battery Based on Hollow Multi‐Helix Electrodes (2012)

The mechanical flexibility of a cable-type battery reaches levels far beyond what is possible with conventional designs. The hollow-spiral (helical) multi-helix anode architecture is critical to the robustness under mechanical stress and facilitates electrolyte wetting of the battery components. This design enables the battery to reliably power an LED screen or an MP3 player even under severe mechanical twisting and bending. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Clinical Efficacy of Dermocosmetic Formulations Containing Spirulina Extract on Young and Mature Skin: Effects on the Skin Hydrolipidic Barrier and Structural Properties (2015)

Introduction: Spirulina is a unicellular blue-green alga rich in vitamins, minerals, pigments, proteins, polysaccharides, which indicates a high potential use in anti-aging cosmetic products as well as for skin protection. Preliminary studies showed antioxidant potential, immediate benefits on the skin microrelief and hydration and skin compatibility of formulations containing Spirulina extract. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the long term clinical efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations containing Spirulina extract on young and mature skin using biophysical and skin imaging techniques.
Methods: 40 healthy female volunteers participated in the clinical efficacy study, aged between 18- 39 (Young group) and 40- 65 (Mature group). The gel-cream formulation, supplemented, or not (vehicle - FGV) with 0.1% (w/w) of Spirulina extract (FGA) was applied twice daily on the volunteers face region. The effects were evaluated in terms of skin hydration, transepidermal water loss - TEWL, skin microrelief, sebum content and morphological and structural epidermal features before and after a 28-day-period of application of the formulations. 
Results: The formulation containing Spirulina extract increased stratum corneum water content and reduced the TEWL in both groups. However, a significant reduction in the older group, that received the formulation with Spirulina extract, was observed when compared to the younger group and to the vehicle formulation. Only the formulation containing the active ingredient under study reduced significantly the sebum content on the volunteer’s skin. It was also noted an improvement of the skin microrelief by the reduction of the surface roughness and after the treatment the keratinocytes were more uniformly distributed and homogeneous. 
Conclusion: The formulation containing Spirulina extract improved skin conditions and provided long term skin benefits such as hydration, protection of the skin barrier function and oil control. Finally, Spirulina extract stands out as a unique active ingredient for effective multifunctional dermocosmetic formulations for the care of young and mature skin.
Crystal structure of silyl isocyanate at 140 K (1977)

M. J. Barrow, S. Cradock, E. A. V. Ebsworth and M. M. Harding, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 744 DOI: 10.1039/C39770000744
Compensation of optical fibre dispersion in theelectrical domain for transmissionsystems with direct detection (1994)

In direct detection optical transmission systems the fibre dispersion may be compensated for in the electrical domain, provided the modulation index is small, and the signal is carried as a combined phase and amplitude modulation. Limitations and design guidelines for transmission systems based on these principles are presented, with emphasis on directly modulated diode laser transmitters.
Detailed analysis of cell cycle kinetics upon proteasome inhibition (1997)

We have studied specific effects of proteasome inhibition on cell cycle progression. To this end, the protease inhibitors MG115, calpain inhibitor I, and calpain inhibitor II, which display differential inhibitory effects on proteasomes, were used. Cell kinetic studies using bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling revealed a complete block of G1/S and metaphase transitions and a delayed progression through S phase in cell cultures treated with 54 microM of MG115. Calpain inhibitor I in similar concentrations displayed a fivefold lower effect on cell cycle kinetics. Calpain inhibitor II and MG2M, which is a structural analogue of MG115, had no effect on the cell cycle. The inhibitory effect of MG115 treatment was reversible, because the cell cycle was immediately resumed when the MG115-containing culture medium was replaced by fresh culture medium. Because ubiquitinated proteins accumulated after MG115 treatment, it was confirmed that ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation, and thus proteasomal activity were blocked. By comparison of biochemical and in vitro proteasome inhibition experiments, it was hypothesized that chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasomes may play an important role in cell cycle kinetics.
Scaling and root planing in shallow pockets (1982)

The present study was undertaken to enable histological assessment of attachment level alterations following repeated scaling and root planing in periodontal sites with "normal" sulcus/pocket depth. Two monkeys (Macaca cynomolgus) were used. During a period of 6 months, scaling was carried out once every 2 weeks at the buccal surfaces of premolars and molars on the right side of the jaws. The contralateral teeth served as untreated controls. Six months after the completion of treatment (1 year after the start of the experiment), the animals were sacrificed and histological sections of all test and control teeth were produced. In these sections the distances between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the apical extent of the junctional epithelium (JE) and between the JE and the alveolar bone crest (BC) were measured. The results revealed that repeated scaling and planing resulted in an average loss of connective tissue attachment amounting to 0.39 mm and in a corresponding recession of the alveolar bone crest. The findings are discussed in relation to recent observations from clinical trials demonstrating loss of clinical attachment following repeated scaling and root planing in sites with shallow gingival pockets.
Rapamycin Inhibits α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor–Stimulated Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy but Not Activation of Hypertrophy-Associated Genes (1997)

The 70-kD S6 kinase (p70S6K) has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis in many cell types and in the angiotensin II-stimulated hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. Our purpose was to determine whether p70S6K plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (alpha 1-AR) agonist phenylephrine (PE). PE stimulated the activity of p70S6K > 3-fold, and this increase was blocked by rapamycin, an immunosuppressant macrolide that selectively inhibits p70S6K. When administered for 3 days, PE stimulated a 30% increase in total protein content, a 2-fold increase in the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine (14C-Phe) into protein, and a 50% increase in two-dimensional myocyte area. Rapamycin pretreatment (> or = 500 pg/mL) significantly inhibited each of these PE-stimulated changes. Two days of PE treatment resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in total RNA yield per dish, a 2-fold increase in incorporation of [14C]uridine into myocyte RNA, and increases in relative mRNA levels of the hypertrophy-associated atrial natriuretic factor (ANF, 2.1-fold) and skeletal alpha-actin (SK, 2.2-fold) genes. Although rapamycin abolished the PE-stimulated increases in total RNA and incorporation of [14C]uridine, it had no effect on the induction of the ANF and SK genes. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity, inhibited PE-stimulated increases in p70S6K activity and the incorporation of labeled precursors into myocyte protein and RNA. These results demonstrate that p70S6K is activated by the hypertrophic agent PE and that a PI3-K or PI3-K-like activity is required for p70S6K activation and myocyte hypertrophy. The data suggest that p70S6K activation may be required for PE-stimulated hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. Our results demonstrate that intracellular signaling pathways responsible for transcriptional and translational responses diverge early after alpha 1-AR stimulation in cardiac myocytes.
Compounds of Osmium and Rhenium with the Ordered Perovskite Structure (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds of Osmium and Rhenium with the Ordered Perovskite StructureArthur W. Sleight, John Longo, and Roland WardCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1962, 1, 2, 245–250Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50002a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50002a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1442Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple Instance Learning with Manifold Bags (2011)

In many machine learning applications, labeling every instance of data is burdensome. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), in which training data is provided in the form of labeled bags rather than labeled instances, is one approach for a more relaxed form of supervised learning. Though much progress has been made in analyzing MIL problems, existing work considers bags that have a finite number of instances. In this paper we argue that in many applications of MIL (e.g. image, audio, etc.) the bags are better modeled as low dimensional manifolds in high dimensional feature space. We show that the geometric structure of such manifold bags affects PAC-learnability. We discuss how a learning algorithm that is designed for finite sized bags can be adapted to learn from manifold bags. Furthermore, we propose a simple heuristic that reduces the memory requirements of such algorithms. Our experiments on real-world data validate our analysis and show that our approach works well.
Type 4 Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase as a Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1998)

Theophylline, a drug known to inhibit several classes of adenosine 3'5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterases (PDEs), induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Because the PDE target for theophylline in CLL remains unknown, we examined the ability of isoform-specific PDE inhibitors to increase cAMP levels and induce apoptosis in primary CLL cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of purified CLL cDNA amplified transcripts for PDE1B, 4A and 4B. The type 4 PDE inhibitor rolipram but not the type 1 inhibitor vinpocetine increased CLL cAMP levels. Rolipram-inhibitable (type 4) but not calcium-calmodulin augmented (type 1) PDE enzyme activity was detected in CLL samples. In samples from 13 of 14 CLL patients, rolipram induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion over a 48-hour period. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-cultured whole mononuclear cells (WMC) and anti-Ig stimulated CD19(+) B cells were resistant to the induction of apoptosis by rolipram while unstimulated CD19(+) B cells, which had a high basal apoptotic rate, were more sensitive. Rolipram stimulated elevations in cAMP levels in all four of these cell populations, suggesting that they differed in sensitivity to cAMP-induced apoptosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, incubation with the cell permeable cAMP analog dibutyryl-cAMP induced apoptosis in CLL cells and unstimulated B cells but not in IL-2-cultured WMC or anti-Ig stimulated B cells. These data identify PDE4 as a family of enzymes whose inhibition induces apoptosis in CLL cells.
Optical frequency-domain reflectometry for microbend sensor demodulation (2000)

The operation of an incoherent optical frequency-domain reflectometer for monitoring the continuous Rayleigh backscatter in a multimode optical fiber is presented. A simple but effective model to predict the value of beat frequencies arising in the system when excited by a linearly frequency-swept amplitude modulation has been developed. We have verified the model's predictions by experimental measurement of beat frequencies and modulation depth indices of different lengths of standard graded-index multimode optical fiber. Demonstration of the system sensitivity to the detection of microbending loss is then discussed. In particular the detection of loss in a hydrogel-based water-sensing cable allows an alternative interrogation to conventional optical time-domain reflectometry techniques to be implemented. We demonstrate that the incoherent optical frequency-domain reflectometer is capable of detecting and locating sections of increased loss in a multimode optical fiber, and we discuss the fundamental limits on spatial resolution and dynamic range.