gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Methylation and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2007)

Several studies have indicated the importance of DNA hypomethylation in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Different enzymes linked to the DNA methylation process have been described. The identification of all these enzymes means that cells have the capacity to modify their methylation patterns. Therefore, to obtain a deeper understanding of the role this epigenetic mechanism may have on SLE, the enzymes involved in the DNA methylation mechanism must be thoughtfully analyzed. In fact, studies of enzymes (other than DNMT1) in this autoimmune disease are still lacking. We have recently investigated the simultaneous gene expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MBD2, and MBD4 in SLE patients. Here we review some of the studies that focus on the relationship between DNA methylation and SLE as well as we report our recent findings in this field. We suggest some alternative hypothesis that could help to understand the causes of the global DNA hypomethylation observed in the CD4+ T cells of these patients.
Micromachined atomic force microscopy sensor with integrated piezoresistive sensor and thermal bimorph actuator for high-speed tapping-mode atomic force microscopy phase-imaging in higher eigenmodes (2003)

This article describes microprobes for noncontact scanning force microscopy that make use of a direct-oscillating thermally driven bimorph actuator with integrated piezoresistive readout sensor. The sensitivity has been increased using direct current for biasing and alternating current for exciting the thermally driven cantilever in a higher flexural mode. The cantilever operates in the phase-shift atomic force microscopy (AFM) detection technique. The main advantage of phase imaging is the higher z resolution at high scan rates and much lower forces than in height imaging with contact AFM. Critical dimensions measurements illustrating the imaging capability and resolution of our new scanning proximal probe are demonstrated.
Solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells based on ionic iridium(iii) complexes (2012)

Solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have aroused great interest in recent years as novel organic light-emitting devices and a promising lighting solution. LECs have many advantages over multilayered organic lighting-emitting diodes (OLEDs), such as single layer, solution process and air-stable cathodes. In recent years, ionic iridium complexes are widely used in LECs for their high efficiencies and tunable emission colours. In this feature article, we will review the proposed operation mechanisms of LECs, the development of ionic iridium complexes and the progress in improving colour, efficiency, stability and response time of the LECs. Finally, the prospects and remaining problems will be discussed.
Dual-stage servo controller for HDD using MEMS microactuator (1999)

A MEMS microactuator provides a low-cost and high-performance solution to realize high track densities of HDD, because of the batch fabrication process and its clean mechanical characteristics. However, the servo system to control such a dual-stage system tends to be more complicated than a conventional HDD system. In this paper, a simple and efficient design method of a dual-stage servo controller for HDD applications is described. The experimental results of the track following control with the dual-stage actuator using a conventional VCM and a MEMS microactuator showed that the fourth-order servo controller can achieve a high bandwidth of more than 2 kHz.
Influence of Li-Ion Kinetics in the Cathodic Performance of Layered Li(Ni[sub 1/3]Co[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 1/3])O[sub 2] (2004)

Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) at 25 and 50°C and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 25°C as a function of cell voltage and cycle number were performed on the layered oxide cathode, The Li-ion diffusion coefficient obtained for GITT was stable with a value of in the voltage range, 3.8–4.4 V vs. Li. The was higher by an order of magnitude than the in the above voltage range. A minimum in the vs. voltage curve was observed at ∼3.7 V coinciding with the voltage-plateau region in the charge-discharge cycling curves, indicating a possible reversible structural phase transition or order-disorder transition in the compound. EIS studies as a function of cycle number show that the surface film and the bulk contribution to the cell resistances remain stable with cycling. The proportional increase in charge-transfer resistance with cycling observed when charged to 50 mAh/g (∼3.7 V) and charged to 4.4 V of the cell indicate the possible influence of phase transition on the charge-transfer kinetics. The variation of derived from GITT and EIS as a function of cell voltage and with the cycle number and the kinetic parameters obtained from the impedance plots were correlated with the electrochemical performance. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Codon-Substitution Models for Heterogeneous Selection Pressure at Amino Acid Sites (2000)

Comparison of relative fixation rates of synonymous (silent) and nonsynonymous (amino acid-altering) mutations provides a means for understanding the mechanisms of molecular sequence evolution. The nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio (omega = d(N)d(S)) is an important indicator of selective pressure at the protein level, with omega = 1 meaning neutral mutations, omega < 1 purifying selection, and omega > 1 diversifying positive selection. Amino acid sites in a protein are expected to be under different selective pressures and have different underlying omega ratios. We develop models that account for heterogeneous omega ratios among amino acid sites and apply them to phylogenetic analyses of protein-coding DNA sequences. These models are useful for testing for adaptive molecular evolution and identifying amino acid sites under diversifying selection. Ten data sets of genes from nuclear, mitochondrial, and viral genomes are analyzed to estimate the distributions of omega among sites. In all data sets analyzed, the selective pressure indicated by the omega ratio is found to be highly heterogeneous among sites. Previously unsuspected Darwinian selection is detected in several genes in which the average omega ratio across sites is <1, but in which some sites are clearly under diversifying selection with omega > 1. Genes undergoing positive selection include the beta-globin gene from vertebrates, mitochondrial protein-coding genes from hominoids, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from human influenza virus A, and HIV-1 env, vif, and pol genes. Tests for the presence of positively selected sites and their subsequent identification appear quite robust to the specific distributional form assumed for omega and can be achieved using any of several models we implement. However, we encountered difficulties in estimating the precise distribution of omega among sites from real data sets.
Malignant conversion and metastasis of mouse skin tumors: a comparison of SENCAR and CD-1 mice. (1986)

The progression of papillomas to squamous cell carcinomas (malignant conversion) was studied in the skin of SENCAR and Charles River CD-1 mice, using a three-stage treatment protocol. After initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) (stage 1) and limited promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (stage II), papilloma-bearing mice were treated (stage III) with either tumor initiators, such as urethane, N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (R-NQO), the promoter TPA, or solvent (acetone). Similar final carcinoma yields were found in the mice treated in stage III with TPA or acetone, although carcinomas developed earlier in the TPA-treated mice. In contrast, treatment with tumor initiators in stage III increased both the rate of appearance and the final yield of carcinomas. Similar results were obtained in both SENCAR and CD-1 mice. A papilloma stage appears to be necessary for carcinoma development since elimination of TPA treatment in stage II greatly reduced the incidence of both papillomas and carcinomas in both stocks of mice. The heterogeneity of papillomas with regard to progression to carcinomas is demonstrated by the low rate of conversion of TPA-dependent papillomas and the high rate of conversion of persistent papillomas in CD-1 mice. The carcinomas that develop using the three-stage regimen vary in metastatic potential. In CD-1 mice, the frequency of metastases to lymph nodes were similar in groups treated in stage III with MNNG, urethane, 4-NQO, TPA, or acetone, but treatment with urethane substantially increased metastases to the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficacy of a topical application of Certifect<sup>®</sup>(fipronil 6.26% w/v, amitraz 7.48% w/v, (S)-methoprene 5.63% w/v) for the treatment of canine generalized demodicosis (2013)

The efficacy of the treatment with Certifect ® (containing fipronil 6.26% w/v, amitraz 7.48% w/v, (S)-methoprene 5.63% w/v) applied topically was assessed in 18 dogs diagnosed with clinical generalized demodicosis. Three treatment regimens were compared over a 3-month period. Starting at Day 0, dogs were treated monthly (group 1) or every two weeks (group 2) with the combination of fipronil, amitraz, and (S)-methoprene or with monthly topical applications of the combination of amitraz and metaflumizone (group 3, reference treatment). Clinical examinations including deep skin scrapings were performed every month in order to evaluate the resolution of clinical signs and the reduction in mite counts. On Day 84, the percentage reduction of mite counts in group 1 was 99.8%, whereas no Demodex canis could be detected in groups 2 and 3 (i.e. 100% parasitological efficacy). As a result of the Demodex mite count reduction, the skin condition of the dogs improved significantly in all groups. This study illustrates, that both monthly and bi-weekly treatments with Certifect were effective in treating dogs with generalized demodicosis over a 3-month period.
Coenzyme Q10: Absorption, Antioxidative Properties, Determinants, and Plasma Levels (2002)

The purpose of this article is to summarise our studies, in which the main determinants and absorption of plasma coenzyme Q10 (Q10, ubiquinone) have been assessed, and the effects of moderate dose oral Q10 supplementation on plasma antioxidative capacity, lipoprotein oxidation resistance and on plasma lipid peroxidation investigated. All the supplementation trials carried out have been blinded and placebo-controlled clinical studies. Of the determinants of Q10, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, male gender, alcohol consumption and age were found to be associated positively with plasma Q10 concentration. A single dose of 30 mg of Q10, which is the maximum daily dose recommended by Q10 producers, had only a marginal elevating effect on plasma Q10 levels in non-Q10-deficient subjects. Following supplementation, a dose-dependent increase in plasma Q10 levels was observed up to a daily dose of 200 mg, which resulted in a 6.1-fold increase in plasma Q10 levels. However, simultaneous supplementation with vitamin E resulted in lower plasma Q10 levels. Of the lipid peroxidation measurements, Q10 supplementation did not increase LDL TRAP, plasma TRAP, VLDL+LDL oxidation resistance nor did it decrease LDL oxidation susceptibility ex vivo. Q10 with minor vitamin E dose neither decreased exercise-induced lipid peroxidation ex vivo nor muscular damage. Q10 supplementation might, however, decrease plasma lipid peroxidation in vivo, as assessed by the increased proportion of plasma ubiquinol (reduced form, Q10H2) of total Q10. High dose vitamin E supplementation decreased this proportion, which suggests in vivo regeneration of tocopheryl radicals by ubiquinol.
Action of Sulfur Monochloride on Petroleum Hydrocarbons<sup>1</sup> (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Sulfur Monochloride on Petroleum Hydrocarbons1Eugene LorandCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1927, 19, 6, 733–735Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50210a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50210a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Docetaxel is a major cytotoxic drug for the treatment of advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial of the Clinical Screening Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. (1995)

Our data suggest that docetaxel has major antitumor activity when used as a single cytotoxic agent as first-line chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.
Hybrid KLT-SVD image compression (2002)

This paper investigates a transform adaptation technique, applied to transform coding of images, as a way of exploiting the variation in local statistics within an image. The method makes use of the relationship between the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) and singular value decomposition (SVD), and their energy compaction properties. We compare this approach to a standard KLT coding system. Motivated by increased coding efficiency an analysis-by-synthesis approach using switching between the KLT coding system and the hybrid KLT-SVD system is proposed. The switching is implemented using a global rate-distortion criterion. The results are encouraging and the proposed techniques provide new insights on how to use SVD in an image compression system.
Efficiency improvement of fluorescent blue device by molecular orientation of blue dopant (2014)

Abstract The relationship between molecular shape of fluorescent blue dopants (BDs) and degree of molecular orientation was studied. BDs with larger ovality showed higher degree of orientation and higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 10% in a fluorescent blue device. Impedance spectroscopy, transient electroluminescence spectroscopy, and optical simulation results highly indicated that such high EQE was originated mainly from the optical effect of horizontal‐aligned BDs. Furthermore, a higher EQE of 11.5% at a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 was successfully achieved by modifying molecular structure of BD.
MAIM: A Novel Incentive Mechanism Based on Multi-Attribute User Selection in Mobile Crowdsensing (2018)

In the user selection phase of mobile crowdsensing, most existing incentive mechanisms focus on either single-attribute selection or random selection, which possibly lead to serious consequences such as low user enthusiasm, decreased task completion rate, and increased cost of platform consumption. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel incentive mechanism MAIM, which is based on multi-attribute user selection and participation intention analysis function in mobile crowdsensing. In this mechanism, the sensing platform employs the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of three attributes: participation threshold, cost, and reputation. The weight calculation results of each sensing user with respect to each attribute are then integrated to obtain the sorted weight of each user, with which the sensing platform will then obtain the optimal user set. From the users' perspective, they can autonomously decide whether to accept task processing requests, as enabled by the participation intention analysis function, thereby voiding the absolute authority and control of the sensing platform over users and achieving a two-way selection between the sensing platform and the sensing users. Furthermore, the sensing platform establishes a score-based reputation reward to inspire active performers and utilizes a punishment mechanism to overawe malicious vandals, which substantially helps activize enthusiasm of user participation and improve sensing data quality. Simulation results indicate that the proposed MAIM has significantly improved the sensing task completion ratio and the budget surplus ratio compared with the existing incentive mechanisms in mobile crowdsensing.
Robust control of low-cost actuator for automotive active front steering application (2009)

Active Front Steering (AFS) system used in automobiles is a position controlled system and requires a high performance electric actuator. In this paper, the control methodology developed to make a low-cost Brushless permanent magnet motor drive (BLDC) suitable for the AFS application will be reported. Detailed simulation models were developed for the actuator to understand the performance under various dynamic conditions. A robust control methodology was developed to achieve smooth operation of the AFS actuator under all vehicle driving conditions and to prevent unwanted vibration at the steering wheel due to motor phase commutation. To achieve position control with high precision, conventional PID controller was used when the angle error was large and two additional control modes were introduced when the angle error was small to improve the robustness of the system. Suitable control logic was used to make the transitions between the operating modes smooth and transparent to the driver. The proposed control methodology was successfully implemented in the AFS system of an experimental vehicle and acceptable level of performance was achieved. The measured results were used for validating the simulation results. The impact of variations in the motor parameter and the torsional stiffness of the various elements of the steering system due to manufacturing tolerances on the precision of the AFS system response were studied through simulations. It was found that robust performance of the actuator can be achieved by proper choice of the PID gains used in the controller. The proposed control methodology enables the use of low-cost BLDC motor drive suitable for the high performance AFS system application.
Comparison of the Pathogenesis of the Angola and Ravn Strains of Marburg Virus in the Outbred Guinea Pig Model (2015)

Although both strains exhibit great similarity to pathogenic markers of human and nonhuman primate MARV infection, these data highlight several key differences in pathogenicity that may serve to guide the choice of strain and model used for development of vaccines or therapeutics for Marburg hemorrhagic fever.
<i>Diversity of Thermophilic Anaerobes</i> (2008)

Thermophilic anaerobes are Archaea and Bacteria that grow optimally at temperatures of 50 degrees C or higher and do not require the use of O(2) as a terminal electron acceptor for growth. The prokaryotes with this type of physiology are studied for a variety of reasons, including (a) to understand how life can thrive under extreme conditions, (b) for their biotechnological potential, and (c) because anaerobic thermophiles are thought to share characteristics with the early evolutionary life forms on Earth. Over 300 species of thermophilic anaerobes have been described; most have been isolated from thermal environments, but some are from mesobiotic environments, and others are from environments with temperatures below 0 degrees C. In this overview, the authors outline the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of thermophilic anaerobes as currently known. The purpose of this overview is to convey the incredible diversity and breadth of metabolism within this subset of anaerobic microorganisms.
HIV envelope protein gp120-induced apoptosis in lung microvascular endothelial cells by concerted upregulation of EMAP II and its receptor, CXCR3 (2013)

Chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary emphysema, are increasingly recognized complications of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Emphysema in HIV may occur independent of cigarette smoking, via mechanisms that are poorly understood but may involve lung endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the HIV envelope protein gp120. Recently, we have demonstrated that lung endothelial apoptosis is an important contributor to the development of experimental emphysema, via upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) in the lung. Here we investigated the role of EMAP II and its receptor, CXCR3, in gp120-induced lung endothelial cell apoptosis. We could demonstrate that gp120 induces a rapid and robust increase in cell surface expression of EMAP II and its receptor CXCR3. This surface expression occurred via a mechanism involving gp120 signaling through its CXCR4 receptor and p38 MAPK activation. Both EMAP II and CXCR3 were essentially required for gp120-induced apoptosis and exposures to low gp120 concentrations enhanced the susceptibility of endothelial cells to undergo apoptosis when exposed to soluble cigarette smoke extract. These data indicate a novel mechanism by which HIV infection causes endothelial cell loss involved in lung emphysema formation, independent but potentially synergistic with smoking, and suggest therapeutic targets for emphysema prevention and/or treatment.
Sharp Resonances in Yeast Growth Prove Nonthermal Sensitivity to Microwaves (1983)

Microwaves near 42 GHz are found to influence the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The growth is measured photometrically in stirred aqueous culture. The microwave effect occurs and saturates above a threshold intensity 10 mW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, excluding any explanation based on microwave heating. A surprisingly strong frequency dependence is observed, with resonances as narrow as 8 MHz. These results confirm the existence of a nonthermal resonant microwave sensitivity in biology; they suggest yet unknown tuned systems triggering yet unknown biological actions.
Chest X‐ray screening for lung cancer: Overdiagnosis, endpoints, and randomized population trials (2013)

Publication of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) generated excitement by concluding that CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality when compared to chest X-ray (CXR) screening. In contrast, CXR screening has long been considered to be ineffective. This is because randomized population trials (RPTs) have failed to demonstrate significant mortality reductions in populations randomized to CXR screening. While these studies demonstrate that CXR screening is associated with significant survival advantages, these advantages have been widely interpreted as spurious, due to the inference that CXR screening leads to substantial lung cancer overdiagnosis. Indeed, the reality of the overdiagnosis hypothesis is the only alternative to the conclusion that CXR screening was effective in these trials and that survival more accurately reflected the benefit of CXR screening than mortality. Mortality comparisons would be biased if randomization fails to create comparison groups with an equal probability of mortality from the target cancer. The objective of this manuscript is to review existing RPTs on CXR screening for lung cancer, and to analyze which endpoint most accurately reflects screening efficacy. We conclude that the evidence supports that CXR screening is superior to no screening, and the magnitude of overdiagnosis is minimal in the context of CXR screening.