gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The adaptor molecule SAP plays essential roles during invariant NKT cell cytotoxicity and lytic synapse formation (2013)

The adaptor molecule signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) plays critical roles during invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell ontogeny. As a result, SAP-deficient humans and mice lack iNKT cells. The strict developmental requirement for SAP has made it difficult to discern its possible involvement in mature iNKT cell functions. By using temporal Cre recombinase-mediated gene deletion to ablate SAP expression after completion of iNKT cell development, we demonstrate that SAP is essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced iNKT cell cytotoxicity against T-cell and B-cell leukemia targets in vitro and iNKT-cell-mediated control of T-cell leukemia growth in vivo. These findings are not restricted to the murine system: silencing RNA-mediated suppression of SAP expression in human iNKT cells also significantly impairs TCR-induced cytolysis. Mechanistic studies reveal that iNKT cell killing requires the tyrosine kinase Fyn, a known SAP-binding protein. Furthermore, SAP expression is required within iNKT cells to facilitate their interaction with T-cell targets and induce reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center to the immunologic synapse (IS). Collectively, these studies highlight a novel and essential role for SAP during iNKT cell cytotoxicity and formation of a functional IS.
Chiral Synthesis of Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs from Noncarbohydrate Precursors (2007)

Nucleosides represent a very important group of molecules, both chemically and biologically. Over the past forty years, the continued success of nucleoside analogs as chemotherapeutic agents has been both the result of and the driving force for the development of new synthetic methodologies to access analogs that may differ considerably from natural nucleosides. Among the many classes of nucleoside analogs that have been prepared and evaluated, carbocyclic nucleosides featured diverse and challenging syntheses and interesting biological activity. Carbohydrate chemistry has been elegantly and thoroughly exploited for the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleoside analogs, thanks to the availability and versatility of highly functionalized chiral precursors. In a number of examples, however, the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides has been elegantly and efficiently achieved from non-carbohydrate starting materials, either from natural optically active molecules, via chemical or enzymatic desymmetrization of prochiral molecules, or resolution of racemates. This review will discuss chiral syntheses of carbocyclic nucleoside analogs from non-carbohydrate precursors.
Comparative Chemical and Molecular Variability of <i>Cananga odorata</i> (<scp>Lam.) Hook</scp>.f. & <scp>Thomson</scp> forma <i>genuina</i> (Ylang‐Ylang) in the Western Indian Ocean Islands: Implication for Valorization (2012)

Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina (Annonaceae) is a tropical tree, grown for the production of ylang-ylang essential oil, which is extracted from its fresh and mature flowers. Despite its economic and social importance, very little information is available on its variability and the possible factors causing it. Therefore, the relationship between the genetic structure, revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and the essential oil chemical composition, determined by GC/MS analysis, of ylang-ylang grown in semi-managed systems in three Indian Ocean islands (Grande Comore, Mayotte, and Madagascar) was investigated. Our results revealed a low genetic variation within plantations and contrasted situations between islands. Variations of the chemical composition could be observed within plantations and between islands. The genetic differentiation pattern did not match the observed pattern of chemical variability. Hence, the chemical variation could not be attributed to a genetic control. As Grande Comore, Madagascar, and Mayotte present different environmental and agronomic conditions, it can be concluded that the influence of these conditions on the ylang-ylang essential oil composition is consistent with the patterns observed. Finally, several strategies were proposed to valorize the chemical composition variations.
Members of native coral microbiota inhibit glycosidases and thwart colonization of coral mucus by an opportunistic pathogen (2012)

The outcome of the interactions between native commensal microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens is crucial to the health of the coral holobiont. During the establishment within the coral surface mucus layer, opportunistic pathogens, including a white pox pathogen Serratia marcescens PDL100, compete with native bacteria for available nutrients. Both commensals and pathogens employ glycosidases and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to utilize components of coral mucus. This study tested the hypothesis that specific glycosidases were critical for the growth of S. marcescens on mucus and that their inhibition by native coral microbiota reduces fitness of the pathogen. Consistent with this hypothesis, a S. marcescens transposon mutant with reduced glycosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities was unable to compete with the wild type on the mucus of the host coral Acropora palmata, although it was at least as competitive as the wild type on a minimal medium with glycerol and casamino acids. Virulence of the mutant was modestly reduced in the Aiptasia model. A survey revealed that ∼8% of culturable coral commensal bacteria have the ability to inhibit glycosidases in the pathogen. A small molecular weight, ethanol-soluble substance(s) produced by the coral commensal Exiguobacterium sp. was capable of the inhibition of the induction of catabolic enzymes in S. marcescens. This inhibition was in part responsible for the 10-100-fold reduction in the ability of the pathogen to grow on coral mucus. These results provide insight into potential mechanisms of commensal interference with early colonization and infection behaviors in opportunistic pathogens and highlight an important function for the native microbiota in coral health.
A new way to alleviate the RC IGBT snapback phenomenon: The Super Junction solution (2010)

In this paper we present a new device, the 3.3kV semi-SuperJunction Reverse Conducting Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor that can help to alleviate the voltage snapback of the Reverse Conducting IGBT while we achieve significant improvement in the on-state vs switching trade-off performance of the IGBT. The introduction of the SuperJunction structure in the drift region of the RC IGBT reduces the effective on-state resistance under unipolar current conduction. This ultimately affects the voltage snapback value as well as the reverse recovery of the diode while turn off.
Infusing without infecting (2003)

In Brief Are you up-to-date on the CDC's latest recommendations for safe I.V. therapy? Find out what you and your facility can do to keep infection at bay. Each year, tens of thousands of patients die of catheter-related infections. Keep your patient safe by learning and following the CDC's latest recommendations.
Measurement of spatial information in sound fields by closely located four point microphone method. (1989)

When we estimate a sound field in a room, it is important to grasp the spatial informa-tion, especially of the early reflection periods. In this paper we'll discuss a way to grasp the spatial information of sound fields from impulse responses measured at closely located four points, the origin and three points of the same distance (3∼5cm) from the origin on the rectangular coordinate axes. From these four impulse responses the coordinates and powers of virtual image sources are calculated by correlation technique or intensity technique. Concert halls, opera theaters and many other sound fields are measured by this technique. The distributions of virtual image sources and directivity patterns of some concert halls are shown.
Wide band and low supply voltage ICs for satellite tuner unit (1992)

Three ICs for a satellite tuner unit which operate at a low supply voltage of 5 V have been designed. The circuit design of these three ICs and a new tuner unit system are described. Two types of GaAs ICs which operate up to 2.2 GHz and a Si IC which demodulates the FM signal of more than 500 MHz carrier frequency are outlined. Using these ICs, a compact satellite tuner unit with low power dissipation has been successfully developed. It can receive the satellite TV band of 0.95 approximately 2.1 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of the Top Impeller Diameter on the Gas Dispersion in a Sparged Multi-impeller Stirred Tank (2012)

The impeller configuration with a hollow half-elliptical blade dispersing turbine below two up-pumping wide-blade hydrofoils, identified as HEDT+2WHU and recommended in previous work, was used in this study. The effect of the top impeller diameter, ranging from 0.33T to 0.50T, on gas–liquid flow in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter was investigated by experimental and CFD methods. Power consumption, total gas holdup, and local void fraction were measured for the impeller configurations with different top impeller diameters. Results show that while the ratio of top impeller diameter to tank diameter (Dtop/T) increases from 0.33 to 0.50, the relative power demand (RPD) in a gas–liquid system decreases slightly. The increase of total gas holdup with rising gas flow rate becomes less evident as Dtop/T increases from 0.33 to 0.50. Local void fractions at the measurement points above the height of 0.8T increase significantly with the increase of top impeller diameter. When Dtop/T = 0.50, there is an extremely large voidage of about 50% just above the top impeller. The maximum voidage decreases with the decrease of top impeller diameter and almost disappears when Dtop/T = 0.33. CFD simulation based on the two-fluid model along with the population balance model (PBM) was used to investigate the effect of top impeller diameter on the gas–liquid flows. The power consumption, total gas holdup, and local void fraction predicted by the CFD approach were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data.
One-step synthesis of zinc–cobalt layered double hydroxide (Zn–Co-LDH) nanosheets for high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials show great potential for electrocatalysis or other applications that require large surface area.
Automated chip‐based nanoelectrospray‐mass spectrometry for rapid identification of proteins separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2003)

We report a method using a fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray system for two-dimensional (2-D) gel sample analyses with mass spectrometric detection. The automated nanoelectrospray system, consisting of the NanoMate and electrospray ionization (ESI) chip, serves as both an autosampler and nanoESI source. This infusion system aspirates samples from a 96-well plate using disposable pipette tips and then delivers these samples sequentially to an ESI chip. This chip is a fully integrated monolithic device consisting of a 10x10 array of nozzles. The automated nanoelectrospray system is easily controlled through software, permitting the user to select the number of samples to be analyzed, the volume of sample to aspirate, the spray voltage, and analysis time. The system offers all the advantages of conventional nanoelectrospray plus automated, high-throughput analyses without analyte carryover. The system was used for a protein identification study of 2-D gel spots of both Escherichia coli and yeast crude cell extracts. The identification of 50 spots from E. coli crude cell extract and 27 spots from yeast extract is presented, demonstrating the powerful combination of the automated nanoESI system, the Thermo Finnigan LCQ Deca ion-trap mass spectrometer, and SEQUEST search software. In addition, the effects of silver staining and colloidal Coomassie blue staining of 2-D gel spots on the detection sensitivity and protein sequence coverage are compared and discussed. Furthermore, the comparison results using the multiwell microscale preparation kit versus manual extraction for in-gel samples are presented.
A theoretical justification for single molecule peptide sequencing (2014)

ABSTRACT The proteomes of cells, tissues, and organisms reflect active cellular processes and change continuously in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. Deep, quantitative profiling of the proteome, especially if combined with mRNA and metabolite measurements, should provide an unprecedented view of cell state, better revealing functions and interactions of cell components. Molecular diagnostics and biomarker should benefit particularly from the accurate quantification of proteomes, since complex diseases like cancer change protein abundances and modifications. Currently, shotgun mass spectrometry is the primary technology for high-throughput protein identification and quantification; while powerful, it lacks high sensitivity and coverage. We draw parallels with next-generation DNA sequencing and propose a strategy, termed fluorosequencing, for sequencing peptides in a complex protein sample at the level of single molecules. In the proposed approach, millions of individual fluorescently labeled peptides are visualized in parallel, monitoring changing patterns of fluorescence intensity as N-terminal amino acids are sequentially removed, and using the resulting fluorescence signatures (fluorosequences) to uniquely identify individual peptides. We introduce a theoretical foundation for fluorosequencing, and by using Monte Carlo computer simulations, we explore its feasibility, anticipate the most likely experimental errors, quantify their potential impact, and discuss the broad potential utility offered by a high-throughput peptide sequencing technology. AUTHOR SUMMARY The development of next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing methods has transformed biology, with current platforms generating >1 billion sequencing reads per run. Unfortunately, no method of similar scale and throughput exists to identify and quantify specific proteins in complex mixtures, representing a critical bottleneck in many biochemical and molecular diagnostic assays. What is urgently needed is a massively parallel method, akin to next-gen DNA sequencing, for identifying and quantifying peptides or proteins in a sample. In principle, single-molecule peptide sequencing could achieve this goal, allowing billions of distinct peptides to be sequenced in parallel and thereby identifying proteins composing the sample and digitally quantifying them by direct counting of peptides. Here, we discuss theoretical considerations of single molecule peptide sequencing, suggest one possible experimental strategy, and, using computer simulations, characterize the potential utility and unusual properties of this future proteomics technology.
Discovery of losartan, the first specific non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. (1993)

The high selectivity and potency for AT receptors, the non-peptide structure and the oral activity of losartan represent a pharmacological breakthrough. This agent is now being used to elucidate the physiology of AT receptors and is likely to be useful in the therapeutic management of diseases in which the renin-angiotensin system is known to be involved.
Exoglucanase activities of the recombinant Clostridium thermocellum CelS, a major cellulosome component (1995)

The recombinant CelS (rCelS), the most abundant catalytic subunit of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome, displayed typical exoglucanase characteristics, including (i) a preference for amorphous or crystalline cellulose over carboxymethyl cellulose, (ii) an inability to reduce the viscosity of a carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and (iii) the production of few bound reducing ends on the solid substrate. The hydrolysis products from crystalline cellulose were cellobiose and cellotriose at a ratio of 5:1. The rCelS activity on amorphous cellulose was optimal at 70 degrees C and at pH 5 to 6. Its thermostability was increased by Ca2+. Sulfhydryl reagents had only a mild adverse effect on the rCelS activity. Cellotetraose was the smallest oligosaccharide substrate for rCelS, and the hydrolysis rate increased with the substrate chain length. Many of these properties were consistent with those of the cellulosome, indicating a key role for CelS.
Two Outbreaks of Blastomycosis Along Rivers in Wisconsin: Isolation of <i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i> from Riverbank Soil and Evidence of its Transmission Along Waterways (1987)

Blastomycosis cannot yet be prevented or controlled, in part because the natural habitat of the causative fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, remains ill defined. In investigating 2 outbreaks of blastomycosis that occurred in the summer of 1985 among persons engaged in activities along rivers in contiguous central Wisconsin counties, we isolated B. dermatitidis from soil at one of the riverbanks. Blastomycosis developed in 7 (58%) of 12 residents and guests who had gathered at a pheasant farm on the Tomorrow River in early May, and in 7 (88%) of 8 boys and 1 adult who had visited a site on the Crystal River in early June. Of the 14 patients, 13 (93%) were symptomatic. Two patients visiting the sites only once became ill 23 and 78 days after exposure, respectively. We traced one outbreak to fishing from the bank of the Tomorrow River, and the other to climbing into an underground timber fort along the Crystal River. A culture of soil and organic debris from the fishing site yielded B. dermatitidis. From these and other outbreaks, and studies of endemic disease, we conclude that riverbanks can be a natural habitat of B. dermatitidis, and that the environment around waterways represents the most important site yet identified for transmission of B. dermatitidis.
Biosurfactant Mediated Biosynthesis of Selected Metallic Nanoparticles (2014)

Developing a reliable experimental protocol for the synthesis of nanomaterials is one of the challenging topics in current nanotechnology particularly in the context of the recent drive to promote green technologies in their synthesis. The increasing need to develop clean, nontoxic and environmentally safe production processes for nanoparticles to reduce environmental impact, minimize waste and increase energy efficiency has become essential in this field. Consequently, recent studies on the use of microorganisms in the synthesis of selected nanoparticles are gaining increased interest as they represent an exciting area of research with considerable development potential. Microorganisms are known to be capable of synthesizing inorganic molecules that are deposited either intra- or extracellularly. This review presents a brief overview of current research on the use of biosurfactants in the biosynthesis of selected metallic nanoparticles and their potential importance.
Enzymatic Enhancement of Infectivity of Reovirus (1965)

Spendlove, R. S. (California State Department of Public Health, Berkeley), and F. L. Schaffer. Enzymatic enhancement of infectivity of reovirus. J. Bacteriol. 89:597-602. 1965.-Enhancement of infectivity by chymotrypsin treatment has been demonstrated with all three types of reovirus, although not in all viral preparations. Enzyme treatment did not produce a simultaneous increase in the hemagglutinating activity of reovirus type 1 (the only type tested). The infectivity of reovirus type 1 (Lang strain) was increased by treatment with chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, and a filtrate from a culture of a Pseudomonas sp. but not by treatment with pepsin. Sedimentation experiments showed that the property of enhanceability was closely associated with the virus particles themselves. Results of studies involving various sequential treatments with chymotrypsin, and with heat in the presence or absence of 2 m MgCl(2), were compatible with the interpretation that inhibited virus is resistant to exposure to a temperature of 56 C in the absence of MgCl(2), whereas activated virus is thermolabile. Activation of reovirus infectivity by heat in the presence of MgCl(2) and by chymotrypsin was not additive.
Generalized magnetic gradient contraction based method for detection, localization and discrimination of underwater mines and unexploded ordnance (2005)

We report significant progress toward full development of a unique magnetic-gradient-tensor-based "scalar triangulation and ranging (STAR)" method for detection, localization and classification (DLC) of magnetic targets. The STAR method converts magnetic tensors to rotationally invariant scalar parameters that are virtually unaffected by the effects of sensing platform motion. Thus, the STAR method is particularly appropriate for magnetic target DLC using highly mobile sensing platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). Prior work has resulted in development of a two-dimensional (2D) magnetic target-homing concept for fully autonomous localization of mines using crawler-type AUVs. However, the simple 2D STAR approach cannot effectively discriminate between magnetic clutter and mine-like target signatures. Improved, 3D simulations demonstrate that the STAR concept can be applied to measurements of the vector positions and dipole signatures of magnetic objects. The new results indicate that an improved STAR system will provide an enhanced capability for discrimination between magnetic clutter and real targets such as magnetic mines and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). Consequently, further development of the advanced STAR concept will provide high-mobility autonomous sensing platforms (such as AUVs and man-portable systems) with a uniquely effective modality for DLC of magnetic mines and UXO
A spontaneous sulfoxide dehydration (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA spontaneous sulfoxide dehydrationDavid A. Berges and John J. TaggartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 3, 413–415Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00203a035Request reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (402 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts