gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vibrationally Resolved Fluorescence Excited with Submolecular Precision (2003)

Tunneling electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) were used to excite photon emission from individual porphyrin molecules adsorbed on an ultrathin alumina film grown on a NiAl(110) surface. Vibrational features were observed in the light-emission spectra that depended sensitively on the different molecular conformations and corresponding electronic states obtained by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The high spatial resolution of the STM enabled the demonstration of variations in light-emission spectra from different parts of the molecule. These experiments realize the feasibility of fluorescence spectroscopy with the STM and enable the integration of optical spectroscopy with a nanoprobe for the investigation of single molecules.
Parylene Thin Films for Radiation Applications (1970)

Thin parylene films have been prepared and are available in thicknesses to 0.025 μ. The parylene polymers are shown to be extremely uniform in thickness, have good gas barrier properties, and are relatively nonabsorbing throughout the entire soft x-ray region. Comparisons are made with commercially available Mylar, polycarbonate, polypropylene, VYNS, and Formvar.
<title>Robust recognition of degraded machine-printed characters using complementary similarity measure and error-correction learning</title> (1995)

Most conventional methods in character recognition extract geometrical features such as stroke direction, connectivity of strokes, etc., and compare them with reference patterns in a stored dictionary. Unfortunately, geometrical features are easily degraded by blurs, stains and the graphical background designs used in Japanese newspaper headlines. This noise must be removed before recognition commences, but no preprocessing method is completely accurate. This paper proposes a method for recognizing degraded characters and characters printed on graphical background designs. This method is based on the binary image feature method and uses binary images as features. A new similarity measure, called the complementary similarity measure, is used as a discriminant function. It compares the similarity and dissimilarity of binary patterns with reference dictionary patterns. Experiments are conducted using the standard character database ETL-2 which consists of machine-printed Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana, alphanumeric, an special characters. The results show that this method is much more robust against noise than the conventional geometrical feature method. It also achieves high recognition rates of over 92% for characters with textured foregrounds, over 98% for characters with textured backgrounds, over 98% for outline fonts, and over 99% for reverse contrast characters.
Desalting by Means of Porous Carbon Electrodes (1971)

A porous electrode model is developed and analyzed for ionic adsorption on porous carbon. In the absence of concentration variations, the system behaves like a distributed network of resistances and capacitances. Experimental results support the basic model and show a preferential adsorption of divalent ions. Consideration is given to the optimization of operating parameters.
On the Feasibility of Power Transmission using Microwave Energy in Circular Waveguide<sup>*</sup> (1966)

SummaryA cylindrical waveguide operating in the TE01 mode can transmit powers of the order of thousands of megawatts in frequency ranges below lOgc/s with acceptable copper losses over distances of hundreds of miles, provided It can be made with sufficient accuracy to avoid excessive power transfer into other unwanted high-loss modes. The tolerances on the guide straightness appear to be the most severe limitation on the use of this type of guide as a high power system component. These tolerances are evaluated here and found to be of the order of 10 to 100 mils in distances of a few hundred feet for typical values of the other parameters such as 2.0 gc/s in a 1-meter-radius guide providing one db power loss in a distance of 200 miles. It is also shown that low loss bends (about 0.005 db/mile) with bending radii of the order of 1.0 mils are possible if the length of the bend is accurately controlled and the guide has a dielectric lining of the proper thickness. Notes* Presented by the author at the Symposium on Microwave Power, University of Alberta, March 25th, 1966. This work was supported by the U. S. Army, Navy and Air Force under Contract Nonr 225(24). The authors are with the institute in Engineering Economic Systems, Stanford University. Mr.Loewensten is also with the Sylvania Electric Co., Mt. View, California.
Comprehensive Restriction Analysis of the UL97 Region Allows Early Detection of Ganciclovir‐Resistant Human Cytomegalovirus in an Immunocompromised Child (1999)

Children with innate immunodeficiencies may be at high risk for early development of ganciclovir-resistant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). For early and frequent monitoring of the occurrence of ganciclovir resistance-associated mutations in codons of the UL97 gene, a panel of previously described restriction assays was expanded for use on codons 591, 592, and 603. This technique enabled detection of suddenly emerging ganciclovir-resistant HCMV after BMT in a 7-year-old child with a T cell defect. Resistance emerged among the isolation of a ganciclovir-sensitive HCMV strain 32 days after transplantation, the first detection of genotypical resistance at day 44, and the isolation of resistant HCMV (ID50>12 microM) at day 54. Simple and yet comprehensive methods for therapy surveillance may be important in this patient group, in which the restriction assays proved useful.
HIV-Associated Disruption of Tight and Adherens Junctions of Oral Epithelial Cells Facilitates HSV-1 Infection and Spread (2014)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are the most common opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS. In these immunocompromised individuals, HSV-1 reactivates and replicates in oral epithelium, leading to oral disorders such as ulcers, gingivitis, and necrotic lesions. Although the increased risk of HSV infection may be mediated in part by HIV-induced immune dysfunction, direct or indirect interactions of HIV and HSV at the molecular level may also play a role. In this report we show that prolonged interaction of the HIV proteins tat and gp120 and cell-free HIV virions with polarized oral epithelial cells leads to disruption of tight and adherens junctions of epithelial cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. HIV-induced disruption of oral epithelial junctions facilitates HSV-1 paracellular spread between the epithelial cells. Furthermore, HIV-associated disruption of adherens junctions exposes sequestered nectin-1, an adhesion protein and critical receptor for HSV envelope glycoprotein D (gD). Exposure of nectin-1 facilitates binding of HSV-1 gD, which substantially increases HSV-1 infection of epithelial cells with disrupted junctions over that of cells with intact junctions. Exposed nectin-1 from disrupted adherens junctions also increases the cell-to-cell spread of HSV-1 from infected to uninfected oral epithelial cells. Antibodies to nectin-1 and HSV-1 gD substantially reduce HSV-1 infection and cell-to-cell spread, indicating that HIV-promoted HSV infection and spread are mediated by the interaction of HSV gD with HIV-exposed nectin-1. Our data suggest that HIV-associated disruption of oral epithelial junctions may potentiate HSV-1 infection and its paracellular and cell-to-cell spread within the oral mucosal epithelium. This could be one of the possible mechanisms of rapid development of HSV-associated oral lesions in HIV-infected individuals.
Tree nutrition effects on wood decay associated with pruning wounds in plantation grown Eucalyptus nitens (2003)

<b><i>Significance:</i></b> Mitochondrial proteins regulate the oxidative phosphorylation, cellular metabolism, and free radical generation. Redox modulation alters the mitochondrial proteins and instigates the damage to dopaminergic neurons. Toxicants contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis in conjunction with aging and genetic factors. While oxidative modulation of a number of mitochondrial proteins is linked to xenobiotic exposure, little is known about its role in the toxicant-induced PD. Understanding the role of redox modulation of mitochondrial proteins in complex cellular events leading to neurodegeneration is highly relevant. <b><i>Recent Advances:</i></b> Many toxicants are shown to inhibit complex I or III and elicit free radical production that alters the redox status of mitochondrial proteins. Implication of redox modulation of the mitochondrial proteins makes them a target to comprehend the underlying mechanism of toxicant-induced PD. <b><i>Critical Issues:</i></b> Owing to multifactorial etiology, exploration of onset and progression and treatment outcomes needs a comprehensive approach. The article explains about a few mitochondrial proteins that undergo redox changes along with the promising strategies, which help to alleviate the toxicant-induced redox imbalance leading to neurodegeneration. <b><i>Future Directions:</i></b> Although mitochondrial proteins are linked to PD, their role in toxicant-induced parkinsonism is not yet completely known. Preservation of antioxidant defense machinery could alleviate the redox modulation of mitochondrial proteins. Targeted antioxidant delivery, use of metal chelators, and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and combinational therapy that encounters multiple free radicals, could ameliorate the redox modulation of mitochondrial proteins and thereby PD progression. <i>Antioxid. Redox Signal.</i> 38, 824-852.
Step coverage in the vacuum deposition of thin metal films (1974)

In the vacuum deposition of thin metal films the details of the film coverage over surface steps are an important consideration in many technological applications. A theory is presented which describes the relationship between the target (or emitter) and receiver (or substrate) geometry, which allows for the calculation of geometric shadowing effects between points on the receiver plane. The theory is used to formulate a computer simulation of the deposition of a film over a step on the receiver surface. The simulation has been applied to a particular case of low-voltage triode sputtering. The results are discussed in terms of the step geometry, position on the receiver table, and receiver-to-target distance. The calculations are compared with experimental observations. A generalization of the theory to other types of vacuum deposition is considered which includes extended target systems (such as conventional sputtering systems) and small target systems with substrate motion (such as electron beam deposition with planetary motion). The effects of substrate temperature are discussed.
Compile-time analysis of communicating processes (1992)

We present an algorithm for analyzing deadlock and for constructing sequentializations of a class of communicating sequential processes. The algorithm may be used for deadlock detection in parallel and distributed programs at compile time, or for debugging purposes at run time. The algorithm generates a data structure we call the flow graph, which contains all you need to know about the communications between the processes. If the algorithm is used only for debugging, it is not necessary to retain a copy of the flow graph. Both static deadlock analysis and trace generation are linear in the size of the (minimum) flow graph we construct.
Optimization of excerpt query process for Packet Attribution System (2014)

Internet and its applications have increased to an enormous extent in the past decade. As the usage increased, it has also exposed its users to various security threats. Network forensic techniques can be used to traceback the source and the path of an attack that can be used as a legal evidence in a court of law. Packet attribution techniques like Source Path Isolation (SPIE), Block Bloom Filter (BBF), Hierarchical Bloom Filter (HBF) are proposed to store the packet data into the bloom filters at each router present in the network. All the routers in the Autonomous System (AS) are queried for presence of excerpt in their bloom filters to traceback source and path of attack. Upon receiving the excerpt query, each router search their bloom filters for presence of excerpt and send the result to NMS. NMS receives the response from routers and determines the traceback path from victim to source of attack. In this process, all the routers are engaged in searching the bloom filters, causing possible delay in performing actual routing tasks. This degrades network performance and may adversely affect QoS of network. To address potential performance issues, in this paper, we propose query optimization techniques, reducing the number of routers to be searched to a great extent, without adversely affecting storage and processing requirements as compared to existing attribution methods.
Matching between simulations and measurements as a key driver for reliable overlay target design (2018)

Numerical simulation of overlay metrology targets has become a de-facto standard in advanced technology nodes. While appropriate simulation software is widely available in the industry alongside with metrics that allow selection of the best performing targets, the model validation tools are less developed. We present an approach of numerical model validation based on the comparison between target simulation results and on-product overlay measurements. A “simulation-tomeasurement” software is used in this work to compare the performance metrics and accuracy flags of scatterometrybased overlay targets designed using KLA-Tencor AcuRate™ simulator for the critical layers of 12nm FD-SOI FEOL stack and 22nm FD-SOI BEOL stack. We demonstrate how simulation-to-measurement matching enabled us to verify the model, identify discrepancies between the model and the product stack and build an improved model that correctly describes the target. The refined target stack was used for image-based overlay target simulations that allowed us to obtain better performing optical overlay targets as well.
Hybrid Parallel Programming on HPC Platforms (2003)

Summary Most HPC systems are clusters of shared memory nodes. Parallel programming must combine the distributed memory parallelization on the node inter-connect with the shared memory parallelization inside of each node. Various hybrid MPI+OpenMP programming models are compared with pure MPI. Benchmark results of several platforms are presented. This paper analyzes the strength and weakness of several parallel programming models on clusters of SMP nodes. Benchmark results on a Myrinet cluster and on recent Cray, NEC, IBM, Hitachi, SUN and SGI platforms show, that the hybrid-masteronly programming model can be used more eciently on some vector-type systems, but also on clusters of dual-CPUs. On other systems, one CPU is not able to saturate the inter-node network and the commonly used masteronly programming model suers from insucient inter-node bandwidth. This paper analyses strategies to overcome typical drawbacks of this easily usable programming scheme on systems with weaker interconnects. Best performance can be achieved with overlapping communication and computation, but this scheme is lacking in ease of use.
Optical microcavities with subnanometer linewidths based on porous silicon (2002)

We have fabricated a number of high-quality porous silicon optical microcavities operating in the near infrared that exhibit cavity resonances with subnanometer linewidths. This was achieved through the low temperature anodic oxidation of highly doped p-type silicon wafers. We have investigated the optical properties of these microcavities using reflectivity and photoluminescence measurements and compared our results with theoretical predictions. From our analysis, we conclude that, for the low temperature fabrication process, the refractive index difference between adjacent layers of the multilayered structure is maximized while optical losses in the cavity are minimized. Furthermore, by considering the origin of optical losses in these microcavities, we demonstrate that fluctuations in the position of the resonance wavelength and optical absorption play an important role in the realization of high-quality interferometric structures.
Dollar-sign transfer for magnetic bubbles (1973)

The evolution and characteristics of dollar-sign transfer gates for use in bubble mass memories are described. With this type of gate both directions of transfer require only a single conductor and unipolar current pulses. Directionality is achieved by the phase relationship between the transfer current pulse and the rotating field. It is shown that ordinarily the transfer function performs bidirectionally over the entire propagation range at current amplitudes of the order of 35 mA. Experiments on a 20 kbit chip indicate that over a range of rotating field between 25 and 35 Oe and a bias field range of 74 to 85.5 Oe, the worst-worst margins on the transfer current amplitude, phase and pulsewidth are ±14%, ±11° and ±23%, respectively.
Individual Nonobese Diabetic Mice Exhibit Unique Patterns of CD8+ T Cell Reactivity to Three Islet Antigens, Including the Newly Identified Widely Expressed Dystrophia Myotonica Kinase (2004)

Spontaneous autoimmune diabetes development in NOD mice requires both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Three pathogenic CD8(+) T cell populations (represented by the G9C8, 8.3, and AI4 clones) have been described. Although the Ags for G9C8 and 8.3 are known to be insulin and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein, respectively, only mimotope peptides had previously been identified for AI4. In this study, we used peptide/MHC tetramers to detect and quantify these three pathogenic populations among beta cell-reactive T cells cultured from islets of individual NOD mice. Even within age-matched groups, each individual mouse exhibited a unique distribution of beta cell-reactive CD8(+) T cells, both in terms of the number of tetramer-staining populations and the relative proportion of each population in the islet infiltrate. Thus, the inflammatory process in each individual follows its own distinctive course. Screening of a combinatorial peptide library in positional scanning format led to the identification of a peptide derived from dystrophia myotonica kinase (DMK) that is recognized by AI4-like T cells. Importantly, the antigenic peptide is naturally processed and presented by DMK-transfected cells. DMK is a widely expressed protein that is nonetheless the target of a beta cell-specific autoimmune response.
Effect of side groups on unperturbed chain dimensions of atactic hydrocarbon polymers (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of side groups on unperturbed chain dimensions of atactic hydrocarbon polymersRaymond L. Arnett and Carl J. StacyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 16, 1986–1989Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100635a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100635a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Real world dynamic appearance enhancement with procam feedback (2008)

In this paper, a dynamic appearance enhancement method for the less saturated object is proposed. The appearance enhancement method proposed in this paper is realized with a projector camera dynamic feed back system. Therefore, the proposed method has an ability of the rapid and continuous appearance enhancement and it is useful for the human visual perception assistance. Also, the system not requires a pre-captured appearance of the target.
High-Density Lipoprotein Mimetics: a Therapeutic Tool for Atherosclerotic Diseases (2016)

Clinical trials and epidemiological studies have revealed a negative correlation between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events. Currently, statin treatment is the standard therapy for cardiovascular diseases, reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. However, more than half of the patients have not been able to receive the beneficial effects of this treatment.The reverse cholesterol transport pathway has several potential anti-atherogenic properties. An important approach to HDL-targeted therapy is the optimization of HDL cholesterol levels and function in the blood to enhance the removal of circulating cholesterol and to prevent or mitigate inflammation that causes atherosclerosis. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors increase HDL cholesterol levels in humans, but whether they reduce the risk of atherosclerotic diseases is unknown. HDL therapies using HDL mimetics, including reconstituted HDL, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-IMilano, ApoA-I mimetic peptides, or full-length ApoA-I, are highly effective in animal models. In particular, the Fukuoka University ApoA-I-mimetic peptide (FAMP) effectively removes cholesterol via the ABCA1 transporter and acts as an anti-atherosclerotic agent by enhancing the biological functions of HDL without elevating HDL cholesterol levels.Our literature review suggests that HDL mimetics have significant atheroprotective potential and are a therapeutic tool for atherosclerotic diseases.
Polymer-Controlled Crystallization of Zinc Oxide Hexagonal Nanorings and Disks (2006)

In this study, we have developed a novel route to the synthesis of ZnO nanorings, disks, and diskoidlike crystals on a large scale by a facile solution-based method by using polymers as crystal growth modifiers. The crystals precipitated with polyacrylamide (PAM) as the additive show ringlike morphology. A possible growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures based on typical polymer−crystals interactions in a mild aqueous solution is given. The polymer contains in the side chain a large number of amide ligands that are able to coordinate with Zn2+ ions, that is, the otherwise just weakly exposed (001) face, leading to a lowering of surface energy and inhibition of growth along this direction and the formation of ringlike morphologies. While in the presence of carboxyl-functionalized polyacrylamide (PAM-COOH), nearly monodispersed disklike crystals were observed and finally evolved into diskoidlike microstructures with the reaction time prolonged. Polymer-directed crystal growth and mediated self-assembly of nanocrystals may provide promising routes to rational synthesis of various ordered inorganic and inorganic−organic hybrid materials with complex form and structural specialization.
Dye Laser Forced Oscillator (1972)

The narrow-band output of a small flashlamp-pumped coaxial dye laser is injected internally into a large close-coupled oscillator. When frequency locked, an effective power gain of ∼ 4000 and an energy output of ∼ 600 mJ in a width of ∼ 0.01 nm is achieved.