gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of biotin tagging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves the sensitivity of chromatin immunoprecipitation (2006)

Affinity tagging has been used in many global studies towards protein function. We describe a highly efficient system for in vivo biotinylation of transcription factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is based on the bacterial BirA biotin ligase. The strength of the biotin-streptavidin interaction was exploited to improve detection of in vivo protein-DNA complexes in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments. In a test system using the biotin-tagged LexA DNA-binding protein, we found that stringent washing conditions resulted in a strong improvement of the signal-to-noise ratios. Yeast strains with chromosomally integrated versions of tagged transcription factor genes were generated using N- or C-terminal biotin-tagging cassettes. ChIP experiments with biotinylated Rbp3p, a RNA polymerase II subunit, showed that Rbp3p-binding could even be detected at weakly expressed genes. Other methods failed to detect RNA polymerase II binding at such genes. Our results show that biotinylation of yeast transcription factors improves the detection of in vivo protein-DNA complexes.
Experimental investigation of continuous nad recycling by conjugated enzymes immobilized in ultrafiltration hollow fiber. (1982)

Dynamic NAD recycling, in which native NAD, without immobilization, was dynamically recycled in continuous operation by immobilized conjugated enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase), was investigated experimentally. The results were compared with the theoretical model calculations in the preceding paper. Although there were some quantitative differences, the theoretical model could explain the experimental results at various operating conditions. Under a properly selected operating condition, a high NAD recycle number (6180) as well as a satisfactory conversion (34.6 %) of the limiting substrate was obtained experimentally. The operational stability of the present system was fairly good, retaining 70 % of its original activity after one month''s continuous operation. Compared with the immobilized-NAD method, the dynamic NAD recycling method is simple and is free from the problem of coenzyme inactivation during continuous operation. The experimental results obtained here showed the practicability of dynamic NAD recycling.
LacI-DNA-IPTG Loops: Equilibria among Conformations by Single-Molecule FRET (2013)

The E. coli Lac repressor (LacI) tetramer binds simultaneously to a promoter-proximal DNA binding site (operator) and an auxiliary operator, resulting in a DNA loop, which increases repression efficiency. Induction of the lac operon by allolactose reduces the affinity of LacI for DNA, but induction does not completely prevent looping in vivo. Our previous work on the conformations of LacI loops used a hyperstable model DNA construct, 9C14, that contains a sequence directed bend flanked by operators. Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SM-FRET) on a dual fluorophore-labeled LacI-9C14 loop showed that it adopts a single, stable, high-FRET V-shaped LacI conformation. Ligand-induced changes in loop geometry can affect loop stability, and the current work assesses loop population distributions for LacI-9C14 complexes containing the synthetic inducer IPTG. SM-FRET confirms that the high-FRET LacI-9C14 loop is only partially destabilized by saturating IPTG. LacI titration experiments and FRET fluctuation analysis suggest that the addition of IPTG induces loop conformational dynamics and re-equilibration between loop population distributions that include a mixture of looped states that do not exhibit high-efficiency FRET. The results show that repression by looping even at saturating IPTG should be considered in models for regulation of the operon. We propose that persistent DNA loops near the operator function biologically to accelerate rerepression upon exhaustion of inducer.
Dynamic composable computing (2008)

In the last 10 years, personal computing has evolved from being primarily a desktop activity to a highly mobile one: the laptop computer, despite its large size and significant weight, has been the most popular mobile platform to date. While smart phones and MIDs (Mobile Internet Devices) have made in-roads into general computing applications, their use is limited to a few key tasks (e.g., calendar, rolodex, mp3 player) that are suited to the small size of their keypad and screen. However, given ever increasing processing and storage capabilities, the potential of these devices far exceeds the computational needs of these applications, and a significant problem facing the mobile industry is how to give users access to a full personal computing experience [9] with the mobility afforded by a smart phone or MID.
Direct Demonstration of NFATp Dephosphorylation and Nuclear Localization in Activated HT-2 Cells Using a Specific NFATp Polyclonal Antibody (1995)

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) regulates transcription of a number of cytokine genes, and NFAT DNA binding activity is stimulated following T cell activation. Several lines of evidence have suggested that NFAT is a substrate for calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase. Using a polyclonal antibody to murine NFATp, Western blot analysis of various mouse tissues demonstrated that the 110-130-kDa NFATp protein was highly expressed in thymus and spleen. Treatment of immunoprecipitated NFATp from untreated HT-2 cells with calcineurin resulted in the dephosphorylation of NFATp, demonstrating that NFATp is an in vitro substrate for calcineurin. NFATp immunoprecipitated from 32P-labeled HT-2 cells migrated as an approximately 120-kDa protein that was localized to the cytosol of the cells. Treatment of the cells with ionomycin resulted in a decrease in the molecular weight of NFATp and a loss of 32P, consistent with NFATp dephosphorylation. The dephosphorylation of NFATp was accompanied by localization of the protein to the nuclear fraction. Both of these events were blocked by preincubation of the cells with FK506, a calcineurin inhibitor, consistent with the hypothesis that NFATp is a calcineurin substrate in cells.
The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Fatty Acid Composition of Natural Fats and on Lipid Peroxide Formation (1979)

The effects of irradiation doses of 200-1000 krad on the fatty acid compositions of saturated and unsaturated natural food fats have been studied. Lard, coconut oil, corn oil, methyl linoleate and herring oil have been analysed before and after irradiation for lipid peroxide content and fatty acid composition. The effects of storage under varied conditions after irradiation have also been investigated. Irradiation doses of 200-1000 krad had little effect on the fatty acid compositions of saturated fats (lard and coconut oil) or of fats with a high antioxidant content (corn oil) but caused destruction of 98 per cent of the highly unsaturated acids (18: 4,20 :5,22 : 6) and 46 per cent of the diene acids (18:2) in herring oil. The destruction of the polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with increasing storage temperature and storage time. The destruction of polyunsaturated fatty acids is accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxide formation. It is considered that changes in fatty acid composition in natural foods after irradiation are important in consideration of the use of irradiation for food preservation.
Sputter‐Deposited TiN Electrode Coatings for Superior Sensing and Pacing Performance (1990)

The sensing and pacing performance of pacemaker electrodes is characterized by the electrochemical properties of the electrode/tissue interface affecting tissue reactions and the kinetics of the ionic exchange. The usually smooth metallic electrode surface results in a high pass filter characteristic. To better match the electrode's filter characteristic to the spectral content of the depolarization signal, various combinations of electrode shape, material and surface structure have been researched. The electrode with sputter-deposited TiN coating presented in this report has been designed to meet the demand for low acute as well as chronic thresholds and superior sensing performance not only with respect to spontaneous activity but also regarding the detection of the evoked response. The clinical results obtained with this electrode prove the excellent pacing and sensing properties resulting from minimized polarization losses and optimized filtering of the signal to be detected, respectively. The acute and chronic clinical advantages over previous concepts are attributed mainly to the biocompatibility of the material used and the microcrystalline surface structure achieved by the coating process. The design concept of the new electrode is presented together with the clinical results obtained. While the advancements in microelectronics and battery technology have certainly formed the basis for the development of pulse generators featuring an ever increasing versatility of functions at the same or even smaller pacemaker dimensions, from a point of view of pacing system performance the development of improved electrode concepts as the one presented must be regarded as equally indispensable.
Membrane Topology of the 60-kDa Oxa1p Homologue fromEscherichia coli (1998)

We have characterized the membrane topology of a 60-kDa inner membrane protein from Escherichia coli that is homologous to the recently identified Oxa1p protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria implicated in the assembly of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. Hydrophobicity and alkaline phosphatase fusion analyses suggest a membrane topology with six transmembrane segments, including an N-terminal signal-anchor sequence not present in mitochondrial Oxa1p. In contrast to partial N-terminal fusion protein constructs, the full-length protein folds into a protease-resistant conformation, suggesting that important folding determinants are present in the C-terminal part of the molecule.
Inhibition of smooth muscle cell growthin vitro by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide released from poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (1997)

We fabricated poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 50:50 microparticles loaded with an antisense (AS) oligodeoxy-nucleotide (ODN) against the rat tenascin mRNA and determined the effect in vitro of the AS-ODN released on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. AS-ODN was entrapped using a double-emulsion-solvent-extraction technique with high efficiency. Release of AS-ODN was characterized by a small initial-burst effect followed by a period of controlled AS-ODN release for up to 20 days. SMC proliferation studies exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition with AS-ODN-loaded microparticles. Microparticles loaded with scrambled (SC) ODN showed less growth inhibition than AS-ODN. Moreover, only the AS-ODN-loaded microparticles inhibited migration. These results demonstrate the feasibility of entrapping an AS-ODN to rat tenascin in PLGA microparticles for controlled delivery to inhibit SMC proliferation and migration.
Modulation of Morphine-induced Antinociception in Acute and Chronic Opioid Treatment by Ibudilast (2009)

Ibudilast produces modest antinociception, and it is effective in restoring but not in preventing morphine tolerance. The mechanisms of the effects of ibudilast should be better understood before it is considered for clinical use.
Validity of Serum Pepsinogen I/II Ratio for the Diagnosis of Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia and Intestinal Metaplasia during the Follow-Up of Patients at Risk for Intestinal-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma (2004)

A cohort of individuals (n = 136) with lesions as severe as atrophic chronic gastritis (ACG) was cross-sectionally evaluated for the validity assessment of pepsinogen I (PGI) and pepsinogen II (PGII) serum levels for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric dysplasia. PGI/PGII ratio [median (range)] was 4 (0.5-7.5) in patients with ACG (n = 35); 4.6 (1.9-6.8) in type I IM (n = 18); 4.2 (1.4-5.9) in type II or type III IM limited to the antrum and incisura (n = 20); 2.4 (0.4-5.6) in extensive incomplete IM (n = 38); and 1.3 (0.4-6.4) in low-grade dysplasia (n = 23) (P = .002). Using histopathologic data as a reference test, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (CI 95%) was 0.73 (0.64-0.82) for extensive IM, 0.72 (0.58-0.85) for the diagnosis of dysplasia, and 0.81 (0.66-0.95) for the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia. Using a PGI/PGII ratio of < or =3 as the cutoff for dysplasia diagnosis, the sensitivity was 70% (62-78%), the specificity was 65% (57-73%), and the negative predictive value estimates were over 90%. No differences in PG levels according to age or gender were observed. Helicobacter pylori did not significantly influence validity measurement estimates. PGI/PGII serum level ratio can be used even in the management of patients with a high a priori probability for a positive test. It may be useful for the exclusion of more advanced lesions (extensive IM and neoplastic lesions).
Schmelzkristallisation – theoretische Voraussetzungen und technische Grenzen (1991)

Abstract Melt crystallization – Theoretical presumptions and technical limitations. The fundamentals of the design of melt crystallization processes on cooled surfaces are presented. Determination of the energy requirement is the essential point. During each freezing step a multiple of the heat of solidification must be removed and must be re‐introduced during the subsequent melting step. Consequently, discontinuous processes of this nature can only compete with other thermal separation techniques – in which a continuous countercurrent operation can be realised – if the plant is well designed and the process is precisely controlled.
Titelbild: A Soluble and Highly Conductive Ionomer for High‐Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Angew. Chem. 35/2009) (2009)

Ein hydroxidleitendes und stabiles Ionomer wird benötigt, um die Leistung von Hydroxidaustausch-Membranbrennstoffzellen (HEMFCs) zu maximieren. Y. S. Yan et al. berichten in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 6621 ff. über die Synthese eines solchen Ionomers – ein Polysulfonmethylenphosphoniumhydroxid – sowie dessen Wirkungsweise, die auf der Erzeugung einer effizienten Dreiphasengrenze in der Katalysatorschicht beruht.
Consumer Acceptance of Ozone‐Treated Whole Shell Eggs (2010)

The U.S. Egg Safety Action Plan requires all shell eggs to be pasteurized to prevent foodborne illness. Heat pasteurization partially cooks the egg, so an alternative process uses ozone with less heat. This study shows the ozone pasteurization has no detectable sensory defects.
Formulation Strategies for Modulating Skin Permeation (2002)

I. INTRODUCTION Because of the barrier properties of the stratum corneum and, also, depending on the physicochemical properties of the drug, transport from simple vehicles will often be insufﬁcient to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of action. The therapeutic target may be the skin, or the local or distal subcutaneous tissues, depending on the intent for local, regional, or systemic therapy. Simple vehicles are deﬁned as those in which the drug is at or close to saturation solubility, and neither the vehicle nor the drug has any interaction with the stratum corneum to reduce its barrier function. From this deﬁnition drug-vehicle interactions in subsaturated or saturated solutions will not be reviewed. In these simple systems, depending on the saturated solubility of the drug in each vehicle, large differences in skin penetrationcan occur between vehicles that are at a ﬁxed drug concentration. Vehicles in which the drug is at or near saturation will show enhanced drug penetration, compared with those in which the drug is subsaturated (1-3).
Retroviral Transfer of Acid <i>α</i> -Glucosidase cDNA to Enzyme-Deficient Myoblasts Results in Phenotypic Spread of the Genotypic Correction by Both Secretion and Fusion (1997)

Myoblasts have properties that make them suitable vehicles for gene replacement therapy, and lysosomal storage diseases are attractive targets for such therapy. Type II Glycogen Storage Disease, a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), results in the abnormal accumulation of glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle lysosomes. The varied manifestations of the enzyme deficiency in affected patient are ultimately lethal. We used a retroviral vector carrying the cDNA encoding for GAA to replace the enzyme in deficient myoblasts and fibroblasts and analyzed the properties of the transduced cells. The transferred gene was efficiently expressed, and the de novo-synthesized enzyme reached lysosomes where it digested glycogen. In enzyme-deficient myoblasts after transduction, enzyme activity rose to more than 30-fold higher than in normal myoblasts and increased about five-fold more when the cells were allowed to differentiate into myotubes. The transduced cells secreted GAA that was endocytosed via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor into lysosomes of deficient cells and digested glycogen. Moreover, the transduced myoblasts were able to fuse with and provide enzyme for GAA-deficient fusion partners. Thus, the gene-corrected cells, which appear otherwise normal, may ultimately provide phenotypic correction to neighboring GAA-deficient cells by fusion and to distant cells by secretion and uptake mechanisms.
Potent Metabolic Sialylation Inhibitors Based on C-5-Modified Fluorinated Sialic Acids (2018)

Sialic acid sugars on mammalian cells regulate numerous biological processes, while aberrant expression of sialic acid is associated with diseases such as cancer and pathogenic infection. Inhibition of the sialic acid biosynthesis may therefore hold considerable therapeutic potential. To effectively decrease the sialic acid expression, we synthesized C-5-modified 3-fluoro sialic acid sialyltransferase inhibitors. We found that C-5 carbamates significantly enhanced and prolonged the inhibitory activity in multiple mouse and human cell lines. As an underlying mechanism, we have identified that carbamate-modified 3-fluoro sialic acid inhibitors are more efficiently metabolized to their active cytidine monophosphate analogues, reaching higher effective inhibitor concentrations inside cells.
Geometry dependent tunnel FET performance - dilemma of electrostatics vs. quantum confinement (2010)

Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are attracting a lot of interest because of their potential to reduce power dissipation in logic applications. Performance of TFETs is expected to improve with increasing electrostatic control as provided by ultra-thin body (UTB) based single-gate (SG), double-gate (DG), and nanowire based gate-all-around (GAA) structures. Increasing geometrical confinement, however, could also lead to significant quantum confinement effects, especially in III-V materials, which is detrimental to TFET performance. A previous study compared the operation of lnAs based SG, DG, and GAA TFETs using quantum transport simulations. Because of the use of the tight-binding model for the device structure, however, the important tradeoff between electrostatics vs. quantum confinement in different geometries could not be clearly distinguished. In this work, we use detailed analytical calculations to compare the operation of SG, DG, and GAA TFETs in InAs, and examine the competing effects of electrostatics vs. quantum confinement. We demonstrate an important tradeoff between the superior electrostatic control vs. current injection efficiency in TFETs with increasing lateral confinement, which will be an essential consideration for future TFET design.
Relation between Chemisorption and Catalytic Transformation of R<sub>2</sub>S Compounds on Faujasite-Type Zeolites (1999)

The adsorption and transformation of sulfur organic compounds on faujasite-type zeolites are considered using ethanethiol and diethyl sulfide molecules as examples. Alkali-metal-exchanged and -protonated forms of the zeolites presenting various nature and various strength of the active centers were applied. The difference in thiol and sulfide chemisorption on MNaY zeolites (M = Li, K, Rb, Cs) relies on the formation of the hydrogen bond between ethanethiol and the basic sites of zeolites together with the coordination bond which occurs for both thiol and sulfide. That implicates the high activity of MNaY zeolites in the decomposition of ethanethiol. Protonated forms of zeolites are highly active in the transformation of diethyl sulfide to ethene and ethanethiol thanks to the formation of hydrogen bonding species followed by the protonation of the sulfide molecule.
De novo vasculogenesis in the heart (2003)

The formation of the embryonic heart vasculature is a complex process and is the result of vasculogenic, angiogenic and arteriogenic mechanisms, involving cells from distinct origins. In the neonate and the adult, several sources of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) have been identified that contribute to physiological and pathological vascularization, consistent with the concept of de novo vasculogenesis after birth, including in the heart. The existence of EPCs in the adult has offered the possibility to use these cells for revascularization of ischemic tissues. An important challenge for vascular regeneration in ischemic and post-infarction patients is now to identify the most adequate cell source and cell dose for sufficient revascularization. This review gives an overview of the cellular and molecular cues involved in the formation of the heart vasculature before and after birth and discusses some of the recent insights and outstanding questions on EPCs and other vascular progenitors-both from a biological and therapeutic perspective.
RATE OF ISOMERIZATION OF CYCLOHEXANE. EFFECT OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRATE OF ISOMERIZATION OF CYCLOHEXANE. EFFECT OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDEA. P. Lien, E. L. D'Ouville, B. L. Evering, and H. M. GrubbCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 2, 351–353Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50506a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (386 KB) Get e-Alerts