gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A rate-based switch algorithm with delay adjustment for ABR traffic to achieve max-min fairness (1995)

All the current rate-based proposals suggest to adjust the source transmission rate based on the received RM cell immediately. However, this approach may lead to overloading of the bottleneck switch. We propose that the adjustment should be delayed. The amount of delay depends on the source-to-bottleneck separations of different connections, which can be obtained during the call setup. Based on our Max-Min scheme [2] that can rapidly achieve the fair share allocation, a new rate-based switch mechanism is proposed to take into account of the delay. With this, overloading of the bottleneck switch due to the different source-to-bottleneck separations can be avoided and thus, the peak queue length of the bottleneck switch can be minimized. Technical Area Congestion Control 1 Problem Definition Under the current rate-based flow control framework suggested by ATM Forum, the switches calculate the proper submission rates for different VCs passing through it. This information is se...
[Mechanism and possible biochemical modulation of capecitabine (Xeloda), a newly generated oral fluoropyrimidine]. (1999)

A new 5-FU analog, Capecitabine (Xeloda; N-[1-(5-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluoro-1, 2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pyrimidyl]-n-penyl carbamate), was generated to decrease the incidence of GI toxicity and to increase the efficacy. Capecitabine is designed as a prodrug of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), which is clinically used for gastric, breast and colorectal cancer patients undergoing single or combination chemotherapy in Japan. Capecitabine was converted to 5'-DFUR by either human carboxyestelase or cytidine deaminase, which were mainly localized in human liver. 5'-DFUR was converted to the active form of 5-FU by thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) in human tumors. The expression of dThdPase was higher in malignant tumors than in noninvolved normal tissues. In this regard, a high concentration of either 5'-DFUR or 5-FU in malignant tumors may be obtained by oral administration of Capecitabine. In addition, in vivo study showed synergistic or additive effects of Capecitabine combined with anti-cancer agents (Taxanes, Mitomycin C or Cyclophosphamide), cytokines, growth factors and hormonal agents. Capecitabine may be biochemically modulated by those agents in vivo. In the results of an early phase II study on breast cancer patients in Japan, a high efficacy rate and low toxicity were observed. Also, Capecitabine was already registered as 2nd- or 3rd-line treatments for breast cancer patients by the Food & Drug Administration of the USA. Capecitabine is one of the most promising orally administered 5-FU analogs.
Nature of PEVK-titin elasticity in skeletal muscle (1998)

A unique sequence within the giant titin molecule, the PEVK domain, has been suggested to greatly contribute to passive force development of relaxed skeletal muscle during stretch. To explore the nature of PEVK elasticity, we used titin-specific antibodies to stain both ends of the PEVK region in rat psoas myofibrils and determined the region's force-extension relation by combining immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with isolated myofibril mechanics. We then tried to fit the results with recent models of polymer elasticity. The PEVK segment elongated substantially at sarcomere lengths above 2.4 micro(m) and reached its estimated contour length at approximately 3.5 micro(m). In immunofluorescently labeled sarcomeres stretched and released repeatedly above 3 micro(m), reversible PEVK lengthening could be readily visualized. At extensions near the contour length, the average force per titin molecule was calculated to be approximately 45 pN. Attempts to fit the force-extension curve of the PEVK segment with a standard wormlike chain model of entropic elasticity were successful only for low to moderate extensions. In contrast, the experimental data also could be correctly fitted at high extensions with a modified wormlike chain model that incorporates enthalpic elasticity. Enthalpic contributions are likely to arise from electrostatic stiffening, as evidenced by the ionic-strength dependency of titin-based myofibril stiffness; at high stretch, hydrophobic effects also might become relevant. Thus, at physiological muscle lengths, the PEVK region does not function as a pure entropic spring. Rather, PEVK elasticity may have both entropic and enthalpic origins characterizable by a polymer persistence length and a stretch modulus.
Controlled Release of Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) to Tissues (1997)

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been shown to effectively enhance skeletal muscle regeneration after mechanical injury and it may have potential therapeutic use in the muscular dystrophies as well as peripheral nerve repair after injury. When LIF is applied systemically to an animal, it is rapidly removed with a biological half life of only a few minutes, and at high doses it exhibits toxic effects. Calcium alginate rods have been developed for the purpose of insertion adjacent to skeletal muscles. These rods, when charged with LIF will release the growth factor to the muscle at a rate of less than 1% per day and for a period extending to several months. In addition, tubes of alginate are described which will be suitable for the continuous supply of LIF to repaired peripheral nerve.
Current management options for recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma (2013)

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that poses a number of management challenges due to the limited number of effective systemic treatments. Complete surgical resection offers the best chance of long-term survival. However, despite complete resection, ACC is associated with high recurrence rates. This review will discuss the management of recurrent ACC in adults following complete surgical resection. Management should take place in a specialist center and treatment decisions must consider the individual tumor biology of each case of recurrence. Given the fact that ACC commonly recurs, management to prevent recurrence should be considered from initial diagnosis with the use of adjuvant mitotane. Close follow up with clinical examination and imaging is important for early detection of recurrent disease. Locoregional recurrence may be isolated, and repeat surgical resection should be considered along with mitotane. The use of radiotherapy in ACC remains controversial. Systemic recurrence most often involves liver, pulmonary, and bone metastasis and is usually managed with mitotane, with or without combination chemotherapy. There is a limited role for surgical resection in systemic recurrence in selected patients. In all patients with recurrent disease, control of excessive hormone production is an important part of management. Despite intensive management of recurrent ACC, treatment failure is common and the use of clinical trials and novel treatment is an important part of management.
Chemical hydrogen storage by methanol: Challenges for the catalytic methanol synthesis from CO2 (2015)

Abstract Methanol is a very promising chemical hydrogen carrier molecule. The well-established industrial methanol synthesis process is a reference case for the desired sustainable synthesis from CO
Regulation of [beta]-Methylcrotonyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Activity by Biotinylation of the Apoenzyme (1995)

Regulation of the expression of the gene(s) coding for the 78-kD, biotin-containing subunit of [beta]-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (MCCase) was investigated in different organs of tomato (Lycopersicon esculantus) plants. The specific activity of MCCase is highest in extracts from roots, followed in descending order by ripe and ripening fruits, stems, and leaves. The specific activity is 10-fold higher in roots than in leaves. However, the steady-state levels of the 78-kD subunit of MCCase and its mRNA are approximately equal in both roots and leaves. Instead, the difference in MCCase activity between these two organs is directly correlated to the biotinylation status of the enzyme's biotin-containing subunit. Thus, the lower activity of MCCase in leaves is attributed to the reduced biotinylation of the biotin-containing subunit of the enzyme. Consistent with this model, a pool of nonbiotinylated enzyme is present in leaves, whereas the nonbiotinylated enzyme is undetectable in roots. The underbiotinylation of MCCase in leaves is not due to a lack of biotin in this organ, since the biotin concentration is 4- to 5-fold higher in leaves than in roots. These observations indicate that the posttranslational biotinylation of the biotin-containing sub-unit of MCCase is an important mechanism for regulating the organ-specific expression of MCCase activity.
Empirical Mode Decomposition Pre-Process for Higher Accuracy Hyperspectral Image Classification (2008)

This paper proposes empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based pre-process to increase classification accuracy of hyperspectral images. EMD is an adaptive and non-linear signal decomposition approach and decomposes the data into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue. In this paper, EMD is applied to each hyperspectral image band to obtain IMFs. After EMD is performed to each band, new bands are reconstructed as the sum of higher level IMFs and classification is executed over these new bands. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to show the classification performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that, utilization of the first two IMFs significantly increases the classification accuracy compared to applying SVM directly to the original data set.
Syntenin-Syndecan Binding Requires Syndecan-Synteny and the Co-operation of Both PDZ Domains of Syntenin (2000)

Syntenin is an adaptor-like molecule that binds to the cytoplasmic domains of all four vertebrate syndecans. Syntenin-syndecan binding involves the C-terminal part of syntenin that contains a tandem of PDZ domains. Here we provide evidence that each PDZ domain of syntenin can interact with a syndecan. Isolated or combined mutations of the carboxylate binding lysines in the inter-betaAbetaB loops and of the alphaB1 residues in either one or both the PDZ domains of syntenin all reduce syntenin-syndecan binding in yeast two-hybrid, blot-overlay, and surface plasmon resonance assays. PDZ2 mutations have more pronounced effects on binding than PDZ1 mutations, but complete abrogation of syntenin-syndecan binding requires the combination of both the lysine and the alphaB1 mutations in both the PDZ domains of syntenin. Isothermal calorimetric titration of syntenin with syndecan peptide reveals the presence of two binding sites in syntenin. Yet, unlike a tandem of two PDZ2 domains and a reconstituted PDZ1+PDZ2 tandem, a tandem of two PDZ1 domains and isolated PDZ1 or PDZ2 domains do not interact with syndecan bait. We conclude to a co-operative binding mode whereby neither of these two PDZ domains is sufficient by itself but where PDZ2 functions as a "major" or "high affinity" syndecan binding domain, and PDZ1 functions as an "accessory" or "low affinity" syndecan binding domain. The paired, but not the isolated PDZ domains of syntenin bind also strongly to the immobilized cytoplasmic domains of neurexin and B-class ephrins. By inference, these data suggest a model whereby recruitment of syntenin to membrane surfaces requires two compatible types of bait that are in "synteny" (occurring together in location) and engages both PDZ domains of syntenin. The synteny of compatible bait may result from the assemblies and co-assemblies of syndecans and other similarly suited partners in larger supramolecular complexes. In general, an intramolecular combination of PDZ domains that are weak, taken individually, would appear to be designed to detect rather than drive the formation of specific molecular assemblies.
CAVER 3.0: A Tool for the Analysis of Transport Pathways in Dynamic Protein Structures (2012)

Tunnels and channels facilitate the transport of small molecules, ions and water solvent in a large variety of proteins. Characteristics of individual transport pathways, including their geometry, physico-chemical properties and dynamics are instrumental for understanding of structure-function relationships of these proteins, for the design of new inhibitors and construction of improved biocatalysts. CAVER is a software tool widely used for the identification and characterization of transport pathways in static macromolecular structures. Herein we present a new version of CAVER enabling automatic analysis of tunnels and channels in large ensembles of protein conformations. CAVER 3.0 implements new algorithms for the calculation and clustering of pathways. A trajectory from a molecular dynamics simulation serves as the typical input, while detailed characteristics and summary statistics of the time evolution of individual pathways are provided in the outputs. To illustrate the capabilities of CAVER 3.0, the tool was applied for the analysis of molecular dynamics simulation of the microbial enzyme haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA. CAVER 3.0 safely identified and reliably estimated the importance of all previously published DhaA tunnels, including the tunnels closed in DhaA crystal structures. Obtained results clearly demonstrate that analysis of molecular dynamics simulation is essential for the estimation of pathway characteristics and elucidation of the structural basis of the tunnel gating. CAVER 3.0 paves the way for the study of important biochemical phenomena in the area of molecular transport, molecular recognition and enzymatic catalysis. The software is freely available as a multiplatform command-line application at http://www.caver.cz.
Role of Dehydration in Heat Stress-Induced Variations in Mental Performance (1988)

Variation in mental performance under different levels of heat stress-induced dehydration was recorded in 11 subjects heat acclimatized to the tropicals. Dehydration was induced by a combination of water restriction and exercise in heat. The psychological functions--arithmetic ability, short-term memory, and visuomotor tracking--were assessed in a thermoneutral room after the subjects recovered fully from the effects of exercise in heat, as reflected by their oral temperature and heart rate. The results indicated significant deterioration in mental functions at 2% or more body dehydration levels.
The nature of dielectric losses in H‐Film (1973)

Abstract Based upon the high‐temperature solid‐state dielectric behavior of H‐Film and supporting evidence from infrared spectroscopy, heat capacity, thermal expansion, and dynamic mechanical measurements, it is concluded that the actual chemical structure of H‐Film is far more complex than previously expected. The very unusual thermal properties of this polymer, such as lack of a glass transition temperature, its extreme insolubility, and high dielectric losses above 250°C with only weakly corresponding mechanical losses, suggest that in addition to the pyromellitimide repeat unit, a significant part of the structure consists of amide groups, probably in the form of crosslinks.
Purification and characterization of the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase component from the high molecular weight complex of sheep liver: a hydrophobic metalloprotein (1985)

Native isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and a structurally modified form of methionyl-tRNA synthetase were purified to homogeneity following trypsinolysis of the high molecular weight complex from sheep liver containing eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The correspondence between purified isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and the previously unassigned polypeptide component of Mr 139 000 was established. It is shown that dissociation of this enzyme from the complex has no discernible effect on its kinetic parameters. Both isoleucyl- and methionyl-tRNA synthetases contain one zinc ion per polypeptide chain. In both cases, removal of the metal ion by chelating agents leads to an inactive apoenzyme. As the trypsin-modified methionyl-tRNA synthetase has lost the ability to associate with other components of the complex [Mirande, M., Kellermann, O., & Waller, J. P. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11049-11055], the zinc ion is unlikely to be involved in complex formation. While native purified isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase displays hydrophobic properties, trypsin-modified methionyl-tRNA synthetase does not. It is suggested that the assembly of the amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase complex is mediated by hydrophobic domains present in these enzymes.
Automatic satellite image registration by combination of matching and random sample consensus (2003)

We propose a new algorithm for automated registration of satellite images. Registration means finding the relation between image coordinates and a reference coordinate system. The algorithm consists of two steps. The first one is the automated generation of control points. An automated matching based on normalized cross correlation is used. We have improved the accuracy of matching by determining the size and shape of match windows according to incidence and scene orientation angles. The second one is the robust estimation of mapping functions from control points. We used the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm for this step. We argue that it is the second step which gives the robustness of any automated registration algorithms. We carried out experiments with SPOT images over three test sites. Through matching, a number of control points were generated. RANSAC was applied to the control points. All outliers were correctly identified for all three test sites and mapping functions estimated without outliers. The accuracy of estimation was comparable to that of estimation with control points generated all by manual measurements. The results support that our algorithm can be used for robust automated registration.
Reliability of PV modules and balance-of-system components (2005)

Over the years the reliability and durability of c-Si and thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules and balance-of-system (BOS) components have improved consistently. This paper reviews performance of PV modules and BOS components and discusses the role of encapsulants, adhesional strength, impurities, metallization, solder bond integrity and breakage, corrosion, backing layers, junction boxes and high-voltage bias testing in relation to their effect on module and inverter reliability. It is suggested that the concepts of physics of reliability of electronic packages will be useful to understand, address and resolve new problems in PV module and inverter reliability.
Error control navigation codes for autonomous mobile robots (2002)

The determination of the current absolute position provides the basis for any path planning and navigation purposes of mobile robots. Here, a navigation system is proposed which uses floor tiles that contain different deterministic or random patterns with encoded information for the determination of the robot's absolute position. This navigation code has powerful error control capabilities. Both the information theoretical foundations of such an approach as well as the design of the encoding and decoding processes are considered.
Examples of Multi-attribute, Neural Network-Based Seismic Object Detection (2004)

Abstract Certain seismic objects, like faults and gas chimneys, are often difficult to delineate using conventional attribute analysis. Many attributes contain useful information about the target object but each new attribute provides a new and different view of the data. The challenge is to find the optimal attribute for a specific interpretation. In this paper the optimal attribute is found with a pattern recognition approach based on multi-dimensional/multi-attributes and neural network modelling. Multi-dimensional attributes, as opposed to point attributes, can provide the spatial information on the seismic objects. The role of the neural network is to classify the input attributes into two or more output classes. Neural networks are trained on seismic attributes extracted at representative example locations that are manually picked by a seismic interpreter. This approach is a form of supervised learning in which the network learns to recognize certain seismic responses associated with the identified target objects. Application of the trained network yields an 'object probability' cube for the target object. Essentially, the neural network can target any seismic or geological feature requiring detailed analysis. In this paper the method is described and examples are shown of gas chimneys, faults, salt domes and 4D anomalies. Some interpretation aspects are discussed.
Characterization of apoptosis in cultured rat sympathetic neurons after nerve growth factor withdrawal (1994)

Sympathetic neurons depend on nerve growth factor (NGF) for their survival both in vivo and in vitro. In culture, the neurons die after NGF withdrawal by an autonomous cell death program but whether these neurons die by apoptosis is under debate. Using vital DNA stains and in situ nick translation, we show here that extensive chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation occur before plasma membrane breakdown during the death of NGF-deprived rat sympathetic neurons in culture. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of chromatin condensation events within the cell population is consistent with a model which postulates that after NGF deprivation nearly all of the neurons die in this manner. Although the dying neurons display membrane blebbing, cell fragmentation into apoptotic bodies does not occur. Apoptotic events proceed rapidly at around the time neurons become committed to die, regardless of neuronal culture age. However the duration of NGF deprivation required to commit neurons to die, and the rate at which apoptosis occurs, increase with culture age. Thus, within the first week of culture, apoptosis is the predominant form of cell death in sympathetic neurons.
Towards a formalization of multi-touch gestures (2010)

Multi-touch is a technology which offers new styles of interaction compared to traditional input devices like keyboard and mouse. Users can quickly manipulate objects or execute commands by means of their fingers and hands. Current multi-touch frameworks offer a set of standard gestures that are easy to use when developing an application. In contrast, defining new gestures requires a lot of work involving low-level recognition of touch data. To address this problem, we contribute a discussion of strategies towards a formalization of gestural interaction on multi-touch surfaces. A test environment is presented, showing the applicability and benefit within multi-touch frameworks.
A practical approach to user authentication (2002)

A method for user authentication is presented which analyzes keystroking data as the user types his or her name. This study utilizes the ADALINE (ADAptive LINear Element) and backpropagation neural nets to identify the typing pattern characteristic of a particular user. A simple measure of geometric distance is also used for comparison. This paper provides a brief introduction to this type of neural net. It then describes the research procedure and contrasts the initial and new results, followed by a conclusion with notes concerning future research. For an average 15-character name, a complete exclusion of imposters is obtained from a set of over 5000 imposter samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
La interrupción digital: La conectividad y la difusión del poder (2011)

Aunque el aumento de la conectividad favorece la transmision de valores liberales abiertos, tambien implica riesgos. Para fomentar el libre flujo de informacion y desafiar a los regimenes totalitarios, los Estados democraticos tendran que aprender a crear alianzas con la gente y con las empresas que se encuentran a la vanguardia de la revolucion informativa