gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α-Lipoic Acid Modulates Extracellular Matrix and Angiogenesis Gene Expression in Non-Healing Wounds Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (2008)

alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) has been found previously to accelerate wound repair in patients affected by chronic wounds who underwent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Because proteinases are important in wound repair, we hypothesized that LA may regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in cells that are involved in wound repair. Patients undergoing HBO therapy were double-blind randomized into two groups: the LA group and the placebo group. Gene expression profiles for MMPs and for angiogenesis mediators were evaluated in biopsies collected at the first HBO session, at the seventh HBO session, and after 14 days of HBO treatment. ELISA tests were used to validate microarray expression of selected genes. LA supplementation in combination with HBO therapy downregulated the inflammatory cytokines and the growth factors which, in turn, affect MMPs expression. The disruption of the positive autocrine feedback loops that maintain the chronic wound state promotes progression of the healing process.
Modeling Asphaltene Precipitation and Dispersive Mixing in the Vapex Process (2001)

Abstract This paper describes the modelling of two important aspects in the simulation of the Vapex process for heavy oil: (1) dispersive mixing and (2) asphaltene precipitation. The growth of the solvent chamber in the Vapex process is controlled by molecular diffusion and convective dispersion. It is shown that transverse dispersion is the dominant mechanism for fluid mixing at the solvent-oil interface. Simulation results obtained with both longitudinal and transverse dispersion, and with transverse dispersion only are illustrated and discussed. The asphaltene precipitate is modelled as two solids: solid 1, which is in equilibrium with the asphaltene component in the oil phase, and solid 2, which is formed from solid 1 through a chemical reaction. Solid 2 can be used to represent the association of asphaltene and resins molecules and its precipitation can be made irreversible.
[Preliminary specification of X-ray CT for lung cancer screening (LSCT) and its evaluation on risk-cost-effectiveness]. (1992)

In Japan mass screening for lung cancer is widely performed by chest X-ray film of 10 x 10 cm, with sputum cytology for high-risk groups. However, the effectiveness of the present mass screening program for lung cancer has been less than expected, although some date have shown improvement of the survival rate as a result of mass screening. We propose a new X-ray CT method of screening for lung cancer called Lung Cancer Screening CT (LSCT). The preliminary specifications for LSCT are as follows: scan speed is within 10 sec for a 40 cm length with a 1 cm slice thickness, and the absorption dose for lung is less than 1 cGy. A computer-assisted diagnostic system is necessary for image reading. The risk-benefit analysis of LSCT indicates that Japanese men and women over 45 years old can be screened in 1992 and thereafter. The cost per person.year of LSCT screening is estimated to be 1.4 x 10(6) yen for a population incidence rate of 50 x 10(-5) person/year and average life expectancy of 30 years. In 1992 the above condition will be satisfied by men aged 55 years old and above, but not by women of any age. We believe that LSCT should be developed further and tested in the high-risk group of men with an incidence rate of 100 x 10(-5) persons/year or more.
Virus vaccines: principles and prospects. (1989)

The present status of vaccination for controlling viral diseases is reviewed, and the needs and directions for future investigations are discussed. A survey of viral vaccines now in use has shown that knowledge about the viral agents and about the hosts' responses to infection was essential for their development. The steps needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a viral vaccine are summarized; the final requirement for a successful vaccine is that it be administered in proper dosage and potency to the target populations. After general remarks on the proper use of current vaccines there follows an overview of various developments in creating new vaccines, along with the predicted time-frames for their coming into general use. Topics considered include vaccines to be administered locally at the portal of entry, subunit vaccines, viruses attenuated by genetic manipulation, use of viral vectors, vaccines developed by means of recombinant DNA, synthetic peptides, and anti-idiotype vaccines, as well as new vaccines being developed by more conventional methods.
Mistletoe lectins as immunostimulants (chemistry, pharmacology and clinic) (1999)

The European mistletoe Viscum album L. has attracted special interest in folklore and ethnomedicine throughout the centuries. The Celtic druids used it already in their ceremonies more than 2000 years ago. Later on it was thought to be potent against epilepsy "since the mistletoe did not fall down – neither would the patient" and this belief was carried on through the middle ages. In the 16th century mistletoe was commonly used against the falling sickness as well as against illnesses of the blood circulation, heart failure, dropsy, asthma and nervous diseases [1, 2].
The Immunologically Reactive O‐Linked Polysaccharide Chains Derived from Circulating Cathodic Antigen Isolated from the Human Blood Fluke <i>Schistosoma Mansoni</i> have Lewis x as Repeating Unit (1994)

The gut-associated excretory antigen circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from adult Schistosoma mansoni worms, which were collected from infected golden hamsters. This antigen is probably involved in protection of the schistosome gut and is increasingly used in highly sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic assays. Amino acid analysis before and after alkaline borohydride treatment of CCA and monosaccharide analysis indicated that CCA is O-glycosylated mostly via GalNAc-Thr. After reductive alkaline treatment, the O-linked carbohydrate chains were fractionated by gel-permeation chromatography, followed by normal-phase HPLC on LiChrosorb-NH2. Carbohydrate-positive fractions were investigated by one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and collision-induced-dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. The analyses showed that the low-molecular-mass O-linked oligosaccharide alditols (the minor fraction) consist of disaccharides to hexasaccharides having the Gal beta (1-3)GalNAc-OL core in common. The major carbohydrate fraction comprises a population of polysaccharides, containing Lewis x repeating units (-3)Gal beta (1-4)[Fuc alpha (1-3)]GlcNAc beta (1-). CCA-specific monoclonal antibodies and IgM antibodies in patient sera recognized the fucosylated O-linked carbohydrate antigenic structures. Since CCA evokes a strong IgM antibody response and carbohydrate structures containing repeating Lewis x units are found on circulating neutrophils, it is proposed that the antigenic poly-Lewis x polysaccharide of CCA is involved in the induction of auto-immunity against granulocytes, resulting in the mild to moderate neutropenia observed during schistosome infection.
Various applications of TALEN- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination to modify the <i>Drosophila</i> genome (2014)

Modifying the genomes of many organisms is becoming as easy as manipulating DNA in test tubes, which is made possible by two recently developed techniques based on either the customizable DNA binding protein, TALEN, or the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here, we describe a series of efficient applications derived from these two technologies, in combination with various homologous donor DNA plasmids, to manipulate the Drosophila genome: (1) to precisely generate genomic deletions; (2) to make genomic replacement of a DNA fragment at single nucleotide resolution; and (3) to generate precise insertions to tag target proteins for tracing their endogenous expressions. For more convenient genomic manipulations, we established an easy-to-screen platform by knocking in a white marker through homologous recombination. Further, we provided a strategy to remove the unwanted duplications generated during the "ends-in" recombination process. Our results also indicate that TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 had comparable efficiency in mediating genomic modifications through HDR (homology-directed repair); either TALEN or the CRISPR/Cas9 system could efficiently mediate in vivo replacement of DNA fragments of up to 5 kb in Drosophila, providing an ideal genetic tool for functional annotations of the Drosophila genome.
Visualization of CD2 interaction with LFA-3 and determination of the two-dimensional dissociation constant for adhesion receptors in a contact area. (1996)

Many adhesion receptors have high three-dimensional dissociation constants (Kd) for counter-receptors compared to the KdS of receptors for soluble extracellular ligands such as cytokines and hormones. Interaction of the T lymphocyte adhesion receptor CD2 with its counter-receptor, LFA-3, has a high solution-phase Kd (16 microM at 37 degrees C), yet the CD2/LFA-3 interaction serves as an effective adhesion mechanism. We have studied the interaction of CD2 with LFA-3 in the contact area between Jurkat T lymphoblasts and planar phospholipid bilayers containing purified, fluorescently labeled LFA-3. Redistribution and lateral mobility of LFA-3 were measured in contact areas as functions of the initial LFA-3 surface density and of time after contact of the cells with the bilayers. LFA-3 accumulated at sites of contact with a half-time of approximately 15 min, consistent with the previously determined kinetics of adhesion strengthening. The two-dimensional Kd for the CD2/LFA-3 interaction was 21 molecules/microns 2, which is lower than the surface densities of CD2 on T cells and LFA-3 on most target or stimulator cells. Thus, formation of CD2/LFA-3 complexes should be highly favored in physiological interactions. Comparison of the two-dimensional (membrane-bound) and three-dimensional (solution-phase) KdS suggest that cell-cell contact favors CD2/LFA-3 interaction to a greater extent than that predicted by the three-dimensional Kd and the intermembrane distance at the site of contact. LFA-3 molecules in the contact site were capable of lateral diffusion in the plane of the phospholipid bilayer and did not appear to be irreversibly trapped in the contact area, consistent with a rapid off-rate. These data provide insights into the function of low affinity interactions in adhesion.
Processor scheduling in shared memory multiprocessors (1990)

Existing work indicates that the commonly used “single queue of runnable tasks” approach to scheduling shared memory multiprocessors can perform very poorly in a multiprogrammed parallel processing environment. A more promising approach is the class of “two-level schedulers” in which the operating system deals solely with allocating processors to jobs while the individual jobs themselves perform task dispatching on those processors.
Consolidation at Constant Rate of Strain (1971)

A new general purpose consolidometer for studying the one-dimensional consolidation behavior of soils is described. The test specimen can be loaded incrementally, as in the conventional test, at a constant rate of stress, or at a constant rate of strain. The apparatus can also be used to measure residual pore pressures and swell pressures during back pressure saturation at constant volume. Pore pressures are measured at the impervious base, and free drainage occurs from the top surface. A general solution to the consolidation equation is derived for conditions of constant rate of strain assuming constant cv. While particular solutions are given for both a linear soil having constant mv and a nonlinear soil with constant Cc, it is shown that for most purposes the linear solution is sufficiently accurate for interpreting constant rate of strain (CRSC) test results. The CRSC test is shown to be a simpler and much faster method for measuring the consolidation characteristics of soils than is the conventional test.
Performance modeling of critical event management for ubiquitous computing applications (2006)

A generic theoretical framework for managing critical events in ubiquitous computing systems is presented. The main idea is to automatically respond to occurrences of critical events in the system and mitigate them in a timely manner. This is different from traditional fault-tolerance schemes, where fault management is performed only after system failures. To model the critical event management, the concept of criticality, which characterizes the effects of critical events in the system, is defined. Each criticality is associated with a timing requirement, called its window-of-opportunity, that needs to be fulfilled in taking mitigative actions to prevent system failures. This is in addition to any application-level timing requirements.The criticality management framework analyzes the concept of criticality in detail and provides conditions which need to be satisfied for a successful multiple criticality management in a system. We have further simulated a criticality aware system and its results conform to the expectations of the framework.
Age-related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. Part I: volumetric MR imaging analysis. (2002)

GM volume loss appears to be a constant, linear function of age throughout adult life, whereas WM volume loss seems to be delayed until middle adult life. Both appear to be independent of sex. Quantitative analysis of %GM and %WM volumes can improve our understanding of brain atrophy due to normal aging; this knowledge may be valuable in distinguishing atrophy of disease patterns from characteristics of the normal aging process.
Intracellular Killing of Mycobacterium avium Complex by Rifapentine and Liposome-Encapsulated Amikacin (1987)

Journal Article Intracellular Killing of Mycobacterium avium Complex by Rifapentine and Liposome-Encapsulated Amikacin Get access Luiz Eduardo M. Bermudez, Luiz Eduardo M. Bermudez Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco at Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Wu, Martin Wu Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco at Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lowell S. Young Lowell S. Young Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco at Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, California Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Lowell S. Young, Director, Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, 2200 Webster Street, Suite 305, San Francisco, California 94115. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 156, Issue 3, September 1987, Pages 510–513, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/156.3.510 Published: 01 September 1987 Article history Received: 15 October 1986 Revision received: 28 April 1987 Published: 01 September 1987
Regulation of Glucokinase by Intracellular Calcium Levels in Pancreatic β Cells (2016)

Glucokinase (GCK) controls the rate of glucose metabolism in pancreatic β cells, and its activity is rate-limiting for insulin secretion. Posttranslational GCK activation can be stimulated through either G protein-coupled receptors or receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, suggesting a common mechanism. Here we show that inhibiting Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) decouples GCK activation from receptor stimulation. Furthermore, pharmacological release of ER Ca(2+) stimulates activation of a GCK optical biosensor and potentiates glucose metabolism, implicating rises in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) as a critical regulatory mechanism. To explore the potential for glucose-stimulated GCK activation, the GCK biosensor was optimized using circularly permuted mCerulean3 proteins. This new sensor sensitively reports activation in response to insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and agents that raise cAMP levels. Transient, glucose-stimulated GCK activation was observed in βTC3 and MIN6 cells. An ER-localized channelrhodopsin was used to manipulate the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration in cells expressing the optimized FRET-GCK sensor. This permitted quantification of the relationship between cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations and GCK activation. Half-maximal activation of the FRET-GCK sensor was estimated to occur at ∼400 nm Ca(2+). When expressed in islets, fluctuations in GCK activation were observed in response to glucose, and we estimated that posttranslational activation of GCK enhances glucose metabolism by ∼35%. These results suggest a mechanism for integrative control over GCK activation and, therefore, glucose metabolism and insulin secretion through regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels.
Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XIX. Stereoselektive Cyclisierungen in der Indolreihe (1973)

Abstract Substituierte 1 ‐Allylnorharmanderivate unterliegen nach Umsetzung mit Formaldehyd einer raschen ladungsinduzierten sigmatropen Umlagerung und cyclisieren anschließend stereo‐selektiv zu substituierten Indolochinolizidinen. Die Konstitution und die Konfiguration der Reaktionsprodukte wird beschrieben.
Pore-sealing by etch-byproduct followed by ALD-Ta adhesion layer for Cu/porous low-k interconnects (2004)

Increase of process steps by pore-sealing and low via yield by low adhesion between Cu and barrier metal are cost issues when atomic layer deposited (ALD) barrier metal process is integrated into Cu/porous low-k interconnects. In order to solve these issues, etch-byproduct in-situ deposited on the sidewall and ALD-Ta is proposed. The etch-byproduct successfully prevented Ta penetration into the porous low-k film without increase process steps. ALD-Ta film of 0.8 nm, deposited by exposures of pentakisdimethylaminotantalium (PDMAT) and He/H/sub 2/ plasma to the substrate in turn, demonstrated strong adhesion layer as same as the conventional PVD barrier. Via yield of single-damascene Cu/porous low-k interconnects with the etch-byproduct was improved by substituting ALD-Ta for ALD-TaN.
‘Preludes’ as Prelude: In Defence of Eliot as Symboliste (1990)

Since Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era it has seemed that the only reason for dealing with Eliot's concern for Symboliste poetry is to facilitate negative contrasts to Pound and to Williams Kenner concedes Symbolisme the honour of having introduced a 'scientific Romanticism' enabling poetry to rely on the expressive force of language without having to rely on mythological and argumentative supports. But his version of it exacts the enormous price of demanding that the poet look no further than the words. So while the Symboliste Eliot withdraws into the role of impersonal catalyst mixing a complex but ungroundable set of connotative resonances (beyond which 'there is frequently nothing to restore'), Pound increasingly concentrates on a very different kind of construction devoted above all to a 'clean perception [that] sets realities before the mind'.1 Unwilling to challenge either Kenner or the awesome ideological force of terms like 'realities', Eliot criticism has turned elsewhere for less contaminated existential frameworks which might dignify the poetry by allowing it to make substantial claims on our experience. Thus we find critics taking very seriously the religious values that seem to have occupied Eliot throughout his career, turning to the ways in which the poetry expresses and tries to resolve a complex personal psychology, or even finding in Eliot's engagement with history a set of imaginative strategies remarkably relevant for poststructural theory.
Coherent Doppler tomography-a technique for narrow band SAR (2002)

The authors consider some concerns regarding a technique of narrowband synthetic aperture radar imaging (N-SAR), called coherent Doppler tomography (CDT), which may be a good candidate spaceborne applications. Using a single frequency signal, resolution of two tenths of a wavelength can be achieved in the point spread function if the radar platform circles the ground patch to be imaged. However, the high sidelobe level of -8 dB in the point spread function results in an unacceptable dynamic range. To reduce the sidelobe level, two approaches are presented: coherent processing using multiple discrete frequencies and noncoherent subaperture processing. Simulation results demonstrate that the sidelobe level is substantially reduced by both methods. However, the resolution is degraded and the computational overhead is greatly increased for noncoherent subaperture processing. A possible satellite geometry configuration which could utilize N-SAR processing to provide high-resolution global mapping capability is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of cholesterol content on antitumor activity and toxicity of liposome-encapsulated 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in vivo. (1980)

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was encapsulated in anionic multilamellar liposomes prepared with different lecithin: cholesterol (L:C) ratios. The chemotherapeutic activity of encapsulated ara-C was compared with comparable doses of ara-C in 0.85% saline solution (single- and multiple-dose schedules) in mice bearing L1210 (i.p.) leukemia. Maximum survival was obtained in animals given injections of ara-C (40 mg/kg) encapsulated in liposomes with a L:C ratio of 1:1. The effect of L:C ratio on survival was not pronounced in multiple-dose schedules. Multiple doses (every 4.5 hr for 3 separate injections) of 40 mg/kg with L:C ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.5 were toxic, resulting in 83 and 50% mortality, respectively, of mice by Day 7. This study shows that drug efflux and in vivo antitumor activity and toxicity of encapsulated ara-C is influenced by the cholesterol content of the liposomal lipid bilayer.
Micromachined Fluid Inertial Sensors (2017)

Micromachined fluid inertial sensors are an important class of inertial sensors, which mainly includes thermal accelerometers and fluid gyroscopes, which have now been developed since the end of the last century for about 20 years. Compared with conventional silicon or quartz inertial sensors, the fluid inertial sensors use a fluid instead of a solid proof mass as the moving and sensitive element, and thus offer advantages of simple structures, low cost, high shock resistance, and large measurement ranges while the sensitivity and bandwidth are not competitive. Many studies and various designs have been reported in the past two decades. This review firstly introduces the working principles of fluid inertial sensors, followed by the relevant research developments. The micromachined thermal accelerometers based on thermal convection have developed maturely and become commercialized. However, the micromachined fluid gyroscopes, which are based on jet flow or thermal flow, are less mature. The key issues and technologies of the thermal accelerometers, mainly including bandwidth, temperature compensation, monolithic integration of tri-axis accelerometers and strategies for high production yields are also summarized and discussed. For the micromachined fluid gyroscopes, improving integration and sensitivity, reducing thermal errors and cross coupling errors are the issues of most concern.
Telecommunication transmission systems (1998)

Digital multiplexing signal processing for terrestrial and satellite digital radio communications digital microwave radio systems and measurements the microwave link satellite communications mobile radio communications introduction to fiber optics optical fiber transmission systems data transmission and the future network standards.