gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DLVO Interaction between Rough Surfaces (1998)

The interaction energy between microscopic bodies is almost exclusively determined assuming perfectly smooth and geometrically regular surfaces. Quite often, such interactions fail to explain several colloidal phenomena. These inexplicable behaviors of colloidal systems are generally ascribed to surface chemical and morphological heterogeneities. Here, we employ the surface element integration technique to determine the interaction energy between surfaces containing morphological heterogeneity. Random asperities are generated to represent surface morphological heterogeneity (roughness), and their influence on the DLVO interaction potential is investigated. Incorporation of surface roughness causes a significant reduction in the repulsive interaction energy, the extent of which depends on the size of the asperities and their densities on the surface. Predictions of interaction energy indicate that the DLVO interaction energy profiles for rough surfaces deviate significantly from those derived assuming perfectly smooth surfaces, particularly at very short separation distances.
Hydride ion as a two-electron donor in a nanoporous crystalline semiconductor 12CaO center dot 7Al(2)O(3) (2005)

The 12CaO center dot 7Al(2)O(3) (C12A7) crystal with a nanoporous lattice framework exhibits high electrical conductivity with an activation energy of similar to 1.5 eV when equilibrated in a hydrogen atmosphere above similar to 800 degrees C. The high conductivity is preserved in a quenched state below similar to 600 degrees C with a reduced activation energy of similar to 0.8 eV. Such complex behavior in electrical conductivity is associated with incorporation of hydride ions (H-) in cages of the lattice framework. Electromotive force measurements reveal that the major carrier for the conductivity is electron with a small contribution by proton (H+), ruling out the possibility of direct intercage ion. A combination of these observations with the ab initio calculations leads to the migration of the H conclusion that the electrons are thermally generated from the H- ion by the dissociation into two electrons and an proton, which is further converted to an OH- ion via reaction with an extraframework oxide ion (O2-). The energy difference between the initial (H- + O2-) and the final (2e(-) + OH-) states as evaluated by the theoretical calculation is as small as similar to 1 eV, which agrees well with an experimentally obtained enthalpy change, similar to 1.4 eV. Thus, internal equilibration between the extraframework hydrogen and the oxygen species is responsible for the thermal generation of the carrier electron. It is also suggested that the same conductive (2e(-) + OH-) state is reached by the photoirradiation of H--containing C12A7. In this case the photoionization of H- forms an electron and an H-o atom, which then forms an OH- ion and another electron with thermal assistance. The persistence of photoinduced conductivity is explained by the slow kinetics of the reverse process at room temperature.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Mule acts through the ATM–p53 axis to maintain B lymphocyte homeostasis (2012)

Cellular homeostasis is controlled by pathways that balance cell death with survival. Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3 (Mule) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the proapoptotic molecule p53 for polyubiquitination and degradation. To elucidate the role of Mule in B lymphocyte homeostasis, B cell-specific Mule knockout (BMKO) mice were generated using the Cre-LoxP recombination system. Analysis of BMKO mice showed that Mule was essential for B cell development, proliferation, homeostasis, and humoral immune responses. p53 transactivation was increased by two- to fourfold in Mule-deficient B cells at steady state. Genetic ablation of p53 in BMKO mice restored B cell development, proliferation, and homeostasis. p53 protein was increased in resting Mule-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Loss of Mule in both MEFs and B cells at steady state resulted in increased levels of phospho-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the ATM substrate p53. Under genotoxic stress, BMKO B cells were resistant to apoptosis, and control MEFs exhibited evidence of a physical interaction between Mule and phospho-ATM. Phospho-ATM, phospho-p53, and Brca1 levels were reduced in Mule-deficient B cells and MEFs subjected to genotoxic stress. Thus, Mule regulates the ATM-p53 axis to maintain B cell homeostasis under both steady-state and stress conditions.
Quantitative infrared spectra of vapor phase chemical agents (2003)

Quantitative, high resolution (0.1 cm<sup>-1</sup>) infrared spectra have been acquired for a number of pressure broadened (101.3 KPa N<sub>2</sub>), vapor phase chemicals including: Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), Tabun (GA), Cyclosarin (GF), VX, nitrogen mustard (HN3), sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L). The spectra are acquired using a heated, flow-through White cell of 5.6 m optical path length. Each reported spectrum represents a statistical fit to Beer's law, which allows for a rigorous calculation of uncertainty in the absorption coefficients. As part of an ongoing collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), cross-laboratory validation is a critical aspect of this work. In order to identify possible errors in the Dugway flow-through system, quantitative spectra of isopropyl alcohol from both NIST and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are compared to similar data taken at the Dugway Proving Ground (DPG).
Experimental Determination of the Melting Point and Heat Capacity for a Free Cluster of 139 Sodium Atoms (1997)

The heat capacity of a free cluster has been determined from the temperature dependence of its photofragmentation mass spectrum. The data for the spherical sodium cluster ${\mathrm{Na}}_{N}^{+}$, with $N\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}139$, show a maximum at 267 K, which is interpreted as the solid-to-liquid phase transition in this finite system. The melting point lies 104 K, or 28% lower than that of bulk sodium. The latent heat of fusion is reduced by 46%.
GPS compass: novel navigation equipment (1997)

A GPS (Global Positioning System)-based compass is designed, which consists of three parts: the pointer, the sensor, and the controller. Using the carrier phase signals from GPS satellites, the 1 m long pointer equipped with two GPS receivers can aim to the desired direction with accuracy less than one degree. A baseline rotation method is proposed to resolve the problem of integer ambiguities. The classical antenna swap method is simply a special case of the rotation method. The rotating character of the compass provides a convenient environment for applying the turning technique. Such a compass may replace the traditional heading devices in navigation systems, such as the magnetic compasses or gyroscopes.
Work function and thermal stability of Ti1−xAlxNy for dual metal gate electrodes (2002)

Work function and thermal stability of reactive sputtered Ti1−xAlxNy films were investigated for a metal gate electrode using a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure. It is found that the work function (ΦM) values of Ti1−xAlxNy are ranged from 4.36 to 5.13 eV with a nitrogen partial flow rate (fN2). The ΦM values of Ti1−xAlxNy films, 4.36 eV for nMOS (n-Ti1−xAlxNy) and 5.10–5.13 eV for pMOS (p-Ti1−xAlxNy), may be applicable to dual metal gate electrodes. Excellent thermal stability up to 1000 °C was obtained on SiO2 as observed by the negligible change of capacitance equivalent thickness and Al 2p core level spectra for p-Ti1−xAlxNy (y∼1.0,fN2=50%), whereas a limited stability was attained in case of n-Ti1−xAlxNy (fN2⩽40%). The p-Ti1−xAlxNy can be a good candidate for pMOS device feasibility because of good thermal stability, while the n-Ti1−xAlxNy may be applicable for nMOS gate electrode in low thermal devices using damascene gate process.
Continuous synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and CO<sub>2</sub> over Ce–Zr–O catalysts (2015)

Continuous synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and CO<sub>2</sub> at the reaction equilibrium level is possible at low contact times.
Stratification Enhancement in Liquid Thermal Storage Tanks (1979)

Abstract P gains may be realized in solar energy systems using sensible heat storage in water if thermal stratification can be promoted in the storage tank . J The degree to which stratification can be achieved and maintained in a well-insulated tank designed for a diurnal cycle will depend most strongly on the way in which the hot water from the collector and the cool water returning from the load are introduced into the tank. In applications in which the return water is maintained at or beyond the storage temperature extremes (collector water at least as hot as the warmest storage water and makeup water at least as cold as the coolest storage water) inlets of conventional design may provide good stratification. In general, however, these conditions will not be realized. The collector water temperature may, for example, be modulated due to an intermittent cloud cover. The load return temperature may vary with the load supply temperature and, consequently, may be well above the minimum tank temperature. Inlet manifolds are described in this paper which act to preserve stratification in a tank subjected to variable inlet temperature conditions. The performance of these manifolds is contrasted with that of conventional inlets subjected to the same experimental conditions.
Diffusions for Global Optimization (1986)

We seek a global minimum of $U:[0,1]^n \to R$. The solution to $({d / {dt}})x_t = - \nabla U(x_t )$ will find local minima. The solution to $dx_t = - \nabla U(x_t )dt + \sqrt {2T} dw_t $, where w is standard (n-dimensional) Brownian motion and the boundaries are reflecting, will concentrate near the global minima of U, at least when “temperature” T is small: the equilibrium distribution for $x_t $, is Gibbs with density $\pi _T (x)\alpha \exp \{ - {{U(x)} / T}\} $. This suggests setting $T = T(t) \downarrow 0$, to find the global minima of U. We give conditions on $U(x)$ and $T(t)$ such that the solution to $dx_t = - \nabla U(x_t )dt + \sqrt {2T} dw_t $ converges weakly to a distribution concentrated on the global minima of U.
Comparative Renal Effects of Intravenous Administration of Fenoldopam Mesylate and Sodium Nitroprusside in Patients With Severe Hypertension (1989)

We studied the renal effects of intravenous administration of fenoldopam mesylate, a dopamine-1 agonist, vs sodium nitroprusside following acute reduction of blood pressure (BP) in 11 patients with severe hypertension (supine BP, 168/124 to 252/135 mm Hg). Following randomization (open-label), timed urinary and plasma samples for clearance of urea and creatinine and excretion of sodium, potassium, and calcium were obtained as well as plasma renin activity for a two-hour collection prior to infusion, during a two-hour period of BP control (supine diastolic BP, 95 to 110 mm Hg), and following two hours off the drugs. Mean arterial pressure was lowered similarly with the two drugs (-22% on fenoldopam vs -20% on nitroprusside; P = NS), and neither plasma renin activity nor plasma aldosterone concentration were changed by either drug. However, patients receiving fenoldopam had significant increases in urinary flow and excretion of sodium, potassium, and calcium, whereas patients receiving nitroprusside had no changes in these parameters. Patients receiving fenoldopam had a net fluid balance of -334 mL from the end of baseline to the end of the treatment period, while the nitroprusside group had a positive balance of 382 mL. Thus, these findings show that acute BP reduction with fenoldopam is associated with both a diuresis and natriuresis in severely hypertensive patients while lowering BP with nitroprusside does not predictably alter renal function and causes a moderate expansion in volume.
Safety verification in Murphy using fault tree analysis (1988)

MURPHY is a language-dependent, experimental methodology for building safety-critical, real-time software, which will include an integrated tool set. Using Ada as an example, the authors present a technique for verifying the safety of complex, real-time software using software fault tree analysis. The templates for Ada are presented along with an example of applying the technique to an Ada program. The tools in the MURPHY tool set to aid in this type of analysis are described. >
EDITORIAL (1986)

EDITORIAL Get access Kenneth H. Beck Kenneth H. Beck University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health Education Research, Volume 1, Issue 2, July 1986, Pages 83–84, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/1.2.83 Published: 01 July 1986
Phosphate Ester Acids as Load-Carrying Additives and Rust Inhibitors for Metalworking Fluids (1964)

Alkylaryl- and alkylpolyethylenoxy phosphate ester acids and their salts were found to be effective load-carrying and rust-inhibiting additives for metalworking fluids. Falex and four-ball data showed that performance in oil, emulsion, and water systems were dependent upon the hydrophobe type and ethylene oxide content. Chip tests demonstrated that chemical composition also influenced rust inhibition.
Optimisation globale du placement d'applications de traitement du signal sur architectures parallèles en utilisant la programmation logique avec contraintes (1997)

Le traitement du signal digital numerique exige dorenavant des machines paralleles specialisees de hautes performances. Leur exploitation exige de la part des experts non seulement une parfaite connaissance de l'architecture mais aussi l'emploi au mieux du potentiel des ressources materielles (taille memoire, puissance de calcul, reseau de communications), tout en satisfaisant les contraintes temps-reels et de cout. Les performances sont donc difficiles a obtenir, de par la finesse et le nombre des optimisations a realiser comme par la quantite et la diversite des contraintes a satisfaire. Bien connus des chercheurs, ces problemes de placement ont fait l'objet de nombreuses techniques specifiques : partitionnement, alignement ou ordonnancement. Selon les approches, la resolution automatique tient compte de maniere independante, soit de l'allocation des donnees, soit des communications, soit des parametres temps-reels. Cependant, la resolution s'avere dans la plupart des cas np-difficile et les techniques n'adressent qu'une partie du probleme general. Aborder globalement le probleme du placement automatique revient a considerer simultanement les differents formalismes sous-jacents aux techniques mentionnees ci-dessus. Le probleme general est decompose en differents modeles (partitionnement, ordonnancement, alignement, communications, architecture, allocation memoire), chacun d'eux disposant d'une combinatoire propre. La programmation logique par contraintes (PLC) s'impose alors de par la nature des formalismes consideres, par sa capacite a resoudre des problemes combinatoires, enfin par son aptitude a supporter des modeles concurrents. Nous montrons sous quelles conditions chaque modele peut-etre raffine et exprime en PLC a partir des formalismes issus de l'etat de l'art en calcul de haute performance. De plus, il est necessaire de garantir la cooperation et la concurrence entre les modeles pour obtenir une solution globale coherente. Pour cela, les contraintes non-lineaires formalisant les relations entre les differents modeles sont mises en evidences. Des strategies globales, combinees a differentes heuristiques, coordonnent et supervisent la recherche de solutions sur l'ensemble des modeles. Un prototype de placement a ete realise qui exploite la modelisation multiple. Outre le calcul automatique de solutions, il permet l'optimisation de parametres-clefs comme la latence, le cout de l'architecture ou bien l’efficacite du placement tout en considerant les contraintes de ressources (memoires, processus, bande passante). Le prototype se revele optimal sur des cas d’ecoles et efficace sur des applications reelles. Ces dernieres optimisations fournissent des solutions equivalentes a celles obtenues manuellement par les experts en traitement du signal.
The Search for a “Cancer Stain” in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology (1991)

Journal Article The Search for a “Cancer Stain” in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology Get access Michael James Gaffey, M.D. Michael James Gaffey, M.D. University of Virginia Health Sciences Center Charlottesville, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 96, Issue 6, 1 December 1991, Pages 679–680, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/96.6.679 Published: 01 December 1991
Calibration of frictional forces in atomic force microscopy (1996)

The atomic force microscope can provide information on the atomic-level frictional properties of surfaces, but reproducible quantitative measurements are difficult to obtain. Parameters that are either unknown or difficult to precisely measure include the normal and lateral cantilever force constants (particularly with microfabricated cantilevers), the tip height, the deflection sensor response, and the tip structure and composition at the tip-surface contact. We present an in situ experimental procedure to determine the response of a cantilever to lateral forces in terms of its normal force response. This procedure is quite general. It will work with any type of deflection sensor and does not require the knowledge or direct measurement of the lever dimensions or the tip height. In addition, the shape of the tip apex can be determined. We also discuss a number of specific issues related to force and friction measurements using optical lever deflection sensing. We present experimental results on the lateral force response of commercially available V-shaped cantilevers. Our results are consistent with estimates of lever mechanical properties using continuum elasticity theory.
Using motion capture to determine marksmanship shooting profiles: teaching soldiers to shoot better faster (2008)

How can the U.S. Army teach soldiers marksmanship skills faster and sustain those skills between live fire training periods? Virtual marksmanship trainers are currently used to provide the means to teach basic and advanced marksmanship skills, monitor performance progress from novice to expert, and maintain marksmanship skills. Our research was focused on the use of virtual marksmanship trainers to explore various training method enhancements based on recent studies of complex skill acquisition and expertise. The study of marksmanship skill and shooting characteristics benefited from the emergence of highly precise instrumentation for digital recording of the subject's performance. We used motion capture technology to define and to measure rifle shooting postural profiles associated with different levels of marksmanship expertise. Motion capture data revealed significant (p<.008) differences between beginner and expert profiles. Using this knowledge to develop a training system for the standardization of expert level marksmanship performance would result in higher levels of expertise and the reduction of variance during the instruction of rifle marksmanship.
Context-aware wireless sensor networks for assisted living and residential monitoring (2008)

Improving the quality of healthcare and the prospects of "aging in place" using wireless sensor technology requires solving difficult problems in scale, energy management, data access, security, and privacy. We present AlarmNet, a novel system for assisted living and residential monitoring that uses a two-way flow of data and analysis between the front- and back-ends to enable context-aware protocols that are tailored to residents' individual patterns of living. AlarmNet integrates environmental, physiological, and activity sensors in a scalable heterogeneous architecture. The SenQ query protocol provides real-time access to data and lightweight in-network processing. Circadian activity rhythm analysis learns resident activity patterns and feeds them back into the network to aid context-aware power management and dynamic privacy policies.
Catalytic aerobic oxidation of allylic alcohols to carbonyl compounds under mild conditions (2009)

A new catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes under green conditions was developed (room temperature and pressure, water solution, open vials). The water-soluble platinum(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (PtPcS) catalyst showed the best selectivity for carbonyl derivatives, and in particular for α,β-unsaturated alcohols; the reactions are slow.
Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and Other Agents against Anaerobic Clinical Isolates (2003)

A total of 590 clinical isolates consisting of 33 species of both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes were collected from nine centers in the Chicago area in 1998-1999. The largest number of isolates (330 isolates, 56%) belonged to the Bacteroides group. Isolates were tested by agar dilution against garenoxacin (BMS-284756, T-3811 ME), trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoxitin. All but one species (2% of Bacteroides vulgatus isolates) were fully susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. A number of species were resistant to clindamycin. Among the fluoroquinolones, garenoxacin and trovafloxacin had an MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited of <4 micro g/ml for all but two species (Fusobacterium mortiferum/varium and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius).
UKF-based estimation of indicated torque for IC engines utilizing nonlinear two-inertia model (2012)

The estimation of the indicated torque for internal combustion (IC) engines is important for control, diagnosis and performance evaluation. If adequate sensors were available for pressure measurement in each cylinder, the indicated torque estimation would be easier. Those sensors, however, cannot be utilized generally from cost and installation space viewpoints. Hence, this paper considers an indicated torque estimation method utilizing only the crank-shaft angle information, which can be obtained even for commercial cars, instead of pressure sensors. The use of the crankshaft angle causes a problem that an unexpected vibration contaminating the angle information deteriorates the torque estimation accuracy because vibration frequency is relatively close to the combustion cycle. Thus, the engine torque estimation can be formulated as an observer design under model uncertainty and nonlinearity. In addition, this observer design problem is classified into an unknown input observer design because the engine torque or the combustion pressure as input to the engine system cannot be measured directly. To solve the design problem, this paper proposes the introduction of a nonlinear two-inertia model to catch the unexpected vibration, and an UKF-based I-type disturbance observer to estimate the indicated torque and the system state. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments.