gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tree-based link-state routing in the presence of routing information corruption (2003)

Traditionally, link-state routing (LSR) uses two costly techniques to achieve its robustness and responsiveness: message forwarding on every communication link in the broadcast of network status updates, and the periodic broadcast of local status by every router. In this paper, we present a novel LSR protocol, called tree-based LSR (T-LSR), which reduces the operational overhead of LSR as follows. A leader router is elected to periodically broadcast network status on behalf of all the other routers in the network, and a spanning tree is constructed to support these broadcasts. The T-LSR protocol distinguishes itself from previous tree-based, lightweight LSR methods by its fault-tolerance features: the T-LSR protocol is shown to maintain consistent routing information and leader preferences throughout the network in the presence of undetected transmission/information corruption problems. The results of a simulation study demonstrate that the T-LSR protocol imposes a small fraction of the overhead of conventional LSR.
Introduction (2000)

This book aims to offer the reader a study of grassroots women’s organizations as they existed and functioned in Russian society in the first half of the 1990s. The arguments presented here are founded primarily on the findings of qualitative research carried out in the period August 1995–February 1996 in four Russian centres: Moscow, Saratov, Tver’ and Tarusa, a small, provincial town in Kaluga Region. The work must, therefore, be seen and understood within that particular framework of time and place. Beginning almost four years after the end of the Soviet Union, this was a period in which, although Russia’s social and economic reforms could not be said to have ended, the initial turmoil and uncertainty of earlier years had been replaced with a certain resignation and often uncomfortable adaptation to post-Soviet conditions. Both as individuals and as members of grassroots women’s organizations, the women of the research sample had been forced to come to terms with many changes, some of which they welcomed, others of which caused them considerable difficulty and in some cases material and financial hardship. By 1995, however, most had been able to develop strategies for survival which, whilst they might be viewed as neither desirable nor comfortable, had, at least, been successful in securing their continued existence as well as that of their families and of their organizations.
An Investigation into the Origin of Anatomical Differences in Dyslexia (2014)

Studies have converged in their findings of relatively less gray matter volume (GMV) in developmental dyslexia in bilateral temporoparietal and left occipitotemporal cortical regions. However, the interpretation of these results has been difficult. The reported neuroanatomical differences in dyslexia may be causal to the reading problems, following from, for example, neural migration errors that occurred during early human development and before learning to read. Alternatively, less GMV may represent the consequence of an impoverished reading experience, akin to the experience-dependent GMV differences attributed to illiterate compared with literate adults. Most likely, a combination of these factors is driving these observations. Here we attempt to disambiguate these influences by using a reading level-matched design, where dyslexic children were contrasted not only with age-matched controls, but also with younger controls who read at the same level as the dyslexics. Consistent with previous reports, dyslexics showed less GMV in multiple left and right hemisphere regions, including left superior temporal sulcus when compared with age-matched controls. However, not all of these differences emerged when dyslexics were compared with controls matched on reading abilities, with only right precentral gyrus GMV surviving this second analysis. When similar analyses were performed for white matter volume, no regions emerged from both comparisons. These results indicate that the GMV differences in dyslexia reported here and in prior studies are in large part the outcome of experience (e.g., disordered reading experience) compared with controls, with only a fraction of the differences being driven by dyslexia per se.
A novel, reduced rating active filter for 3-phase, 4-wire loads (2002)

This paper presents an invertor-based active power harmonics filter with reduced ratings for three-phase, four-wire loads. The analytical calculations are verified by means of simulations. A comparative evaluation with other schemes shows that the proposed topology has the lowest kVA rating.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation and Characterization of Somatic and Metabolic Antigens and Moulting Fluid Antigens of 'Dirofilaria immitis' Adults, Microfilaria, Late First Stage (Sausage-Form) and Third Stage Larvae. (1976)

Dirofilaria immitis adult, cuticular and microfilarial antigens have been obtained by a combination of phosphate buffer, 1% Triton X-100, 12% Triton X-100, butanol extractions and papain digestion. A number of adult, cuticular, and microfilarial antigens have been isolated by affinity chromatography. Antigen protein heterogenicity has been monitored by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels employing a pH gradient of 3-10. A protein-antigen coated polyacrylamide microbead agglutination test by antibody has been developed. Naturally infected dog sera in some cases in dilutions of up to 1:10,000 have agglutinated protein-antigen coated polyacrylamide microbeads. Absorption of sera antibodies by affinity chromatography serving as controls failed to agglutinate the microspheres. Antigens have been partially characterized by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoretically separated gels at pH 3-10, pH 3-6, pH 5-8 and pH 7-10 have been sectioned into 2 mm wafers. Eluted proteins were assayed fluorometrically for total protein content and by soluble antigen fluorescent antibody for antigens. (Author)
Performance analysis of combined transmit-SC/receive-MRC (2001)

The average bit-error rate of transmit antenna selection combined with receive maximum-ratio combining is computed as a function of the transmit antenna update rate when using binary phase-shift keying in flat Rayleigh fading channels. This scheme achieves an order of diversity equal to the product of the number of transmit and receive antennas. Therefore, it can gain significant diversity benefits over traditional receive diversity schemes by distributing the antennas over the transmit and receive side.
Books in review (1976)

Steven H. Chaffee, ed. POLITICAL COMMUNICATION: ISSUES AND STRATEGIES FOR RESEARCH. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1975. Hardcover, 319 pps. $17.50; paperback, $7.50. Daniel Bell. THE CULTURAL CONTRADICTIONS OF CAPITALISM. New York: Basic, 1976. $12.95. Doris A. Graber. VERBAL BEHAVIOR AND POLITICS. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976. 367 + xiii pp. $12.95.
Design optimization of a highly parallel InfiniBand host channel adapter (2008)

Network processors use highly parallel architectures to improve performance and reach multi-gigabit line-speeds. In this paper, we emulate a pipeline in a highly parallel non-programmable industrial InfiniBand Host Channel Adapter to make a performance and bottleneck analysis and, at the same time, explore the potential of a pipelined architecture. Therefore, starting from the original Host Channel Adapter model with multiple send- and receive-side packet-processing units, we compare its performance capabilities with that of a pipelined design by introducing a central arbiter synchronizing the state machines of the different packet-processing instances to achieve a pipelined behavior. We show that the pipelined model achieves a performance comparable to that of the parallel design in most of our micro-benchmarks, making it a valid option for next-generation high-speed adapters. At the same time, our approach enables a deeper analysis of the original architecture and a better understanding of the actual processing requirements, and therefore offers valuable insights for future designs.
Effect of auranofin treatment on aberrant splenic interleukin production in adjuvant arthritic rats. (1987)

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats is associated with a number of immunologic abnormalities which include a marked decrease in spleen cell mitogenic responses. In this study we investigated the altered production of interleukins in arthritic rats and evaluated the effects of auranofin treatment on disease progression and aberrant interleukin production. The capacity of the AA rat spleen cells to produce interleukin (IL) 2 and IL-3 was found to decrease during the development of the arthritic lesion, with maximum suppression occurring 16 to 17 days after adjuvant injection. In contrast, the production of IL-1 by splenic adherent cells from arthritic rats was markedly increased. Prophylactic treatment of AA rats with auranofin resulted in a slight reduction in paw edema, a complete normalization of the depressed IL-2 production, and a reduction of the elevated IL-1 production, but had no effect on the depressed IL-3 production. In contrast, auranofin administered to normal rats, in the same dosing regimen, did not affect interleukin production. Therapeutic administration of auranofin to AA rats with established disease resulted in normalization of IL-1 production without affecting the suppressed IL-2 and IL-3 levels. In contrast, while indomethacin treatment effectively decreased paw edema, it did not appreciably affect the systemic aberrant interleukin production. Taken together, these results suggest that disease-associated abnormalities in interleukin production may be mediated by different mechanisms with differential sensitivity to the effects of the disease-modifying drug auranofin. Furthermore, defining the relationship between drug-mediated normalization of aberrant immune parameters and clinical improvement will provide a basis for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of disease-modifying antiarthritic drugs as well as for assessment of clinical efficacy of drug treatment.
Real time alpha-fairness based traffic engineering (2014)

SDN traffic engineering is used to assign bandwidth to flows. Classic traffic engineering algorithms are well understood however implementations of these algorithms typically take seconds or even minutes to execute. These long execution times force traffic engineering to be used as an off-line tool. We demonstrate a traffic engineering algorithm equivalent to these classic algorithms that executes in millisecond times, allowing traffic engineering to be used as an on-line tool -- much as shortest path computations are used in today's routers.
Capacity and Delay Analysis for Data Gathering with Compressive Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

Compressive sensing (CS) provides a new paradigm for efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, with the assumption that sensor data is sparse we apply the theory of CS to data gathering for a WSN where n nodes are randomly deployed. We investigate the fundamental limitation of data gathering with CS for both single-sink and multi-sink random networks under protocol interference model, in terms of capacity and delay. For the single-sink case, we present a simple scheme for data gathering with CS and derive the bounds of the data gathering capacity. We show that the proposed scheme can achieve the capacity Θ(\frac{nW}{M}) and the delay Θ(M\sqrtfrac{nlog n}), where W is the data rate on each link and M is the number of random projections required for reconstructing a snapshot. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a capacity gain of Θ (\frac{n}{M}) over the baseline transmission scheme and the delay can also be reduced by a factor of Θ(\fracsqrt{n\log n}{M}). For the multi-sink case, we consider the scenario where n_d sinks are present in the network and each sink collects one random projection from n_s randomly selected source nodes. We construct a simple architecture for multi-session data gathering with CS. We show that the per-session capacity of data gathering with CS is Θ(\frac{n\sqrt{n}W}{M n_d \sqrt{n_s \log n}}) and the per-session delay is Θ(M\sqrtfrac{{n}{log n}}). Finally, we validate our theoretical results for the scaling laws of the capacity in both single-sink and multi-sink networks through simulations.
Hierarchical and Redundant Roles of Activating FcγRs in Protection against Influenza Disease by M2e-Specific IgG1 and IgG2a Antibodies (2017)

The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 is a universal influenza A virus vaccine candidate that provides protection through antibody-dependent effector mechanisms. Here we compared the functional engagement of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) family members by two M2e-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), MAb 37 (IgG1) and MAb 65 (IgG2a), which recognize a similar epitope in M2e with similar affinities. The binding of MAb 65 to influenza A virus-infected cells triggered all three activating mouse Fcγ receptors <i>in vitro</i>, whereas MAb 37 activated only FcγRIII. The passive transfer of MAb 37 or MAb 65 in wild-type, <i>Fcer1g</i><sup>-/-</sup>, <i>Fcgr3</i><sup>-/-</sup>, and <i>Fcgr1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Fcgr3</i><sup>-/-</sup> BALB/c mice revealed the importance of these receptors for protection against influenza A virus challenge, with a clear requirement of FcγRIII for IgG1 MAb 37 being found. We also report that FcγRIV contributes to protection by M2e-specific IgG2a antibodies.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> There is increased awareness that protection by antibodies directed against viral antigens is also mediated by the Fc domain of these antibodies. These Fc-mediated effector functions are often missed in clinical assays, which are used, for example, to define correlates of protection induced by vaccines. The use of antibodies to prevent and treat infectious diseases is on the rise and has proven to be a promising approach in our battle against newly emerging viral infections. It is now also realized that Fcγ receptors significantly enhance the <i>in vivo</i> protective effect of broadly neutralizing antibodies directed against the conserved parts of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. We show here that two M2e-specific monoclonal antibodies with close to identical antigen-binding specificities and affinities have a very different <i>in vivo</i> protective potential that is controlled by their capacity to interact with activating Fcγ receptors.
Ligand exchange with organophosphazenes (1970)

H. R. Allcock, R. L. Kugel and E. J. Walsh, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 1283 DOI: 10.1039/C29700001283
Demethylation of H3K27 Regulates Polycomb Recruitment and H2A Ubiquitination (2007)

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is a posttranslational modification that is highly correlated with genomic silencing. Here we show that human UTX, a member of the Jumonji C family of proteins, is a di- and trimethyl H3K27 demethylase. UTX occupies the promoters of HOX gene clusters and regulates their transcriptional output by modulating the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 1 and the monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Moreover, UTX associates with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) 2/3 complexes, and during retinoic acid signaling events, the recruitment of the UTX complex to HOX genes results in H3K27 demethylation and a concomitant methylation of H3K4. Our results suggest a concerted mechanism for transcriptional activation in which cycles of H3K4 methylation by MLL2/3 are linked with the demethylation of H3K27 through UTX.
Feasibility study of a plasma display-like radiation detector for X-ray imaging (2012)

In this study we have investigated a 2-dimensional gas type detector based on plasma display technology as a candidate for the flat-panel radiation detector. By using the Garfield code, the dependence of X-ray absorption and multiplication on gas composition, cell gap and electric field were examined. Considering the simulation results, three prototype detectors were designed and fabricated. The performance of these detectors was evaluated by measuring the collected charge density, dark current density and sensitivity. The collected charge had the highest value at a condition when Xe 100% and 2.8 mm gap was 108.8 nC/cm² at 1000 V. The dark current of the same detector was varied from 0.0095 to 0.10 nA/cm² and about a fourth of the dark current density of a-Se based detector was at the bias range of 100-1000 V. The sensitivity of Xe 100% and 2.8 mm detector was 0.20 nC/mR·cm² at 0.36 V/um. It is about a tenth lower than that of a-Se based detector at 10 V/um.
Successful Non-Surgical Deep Uterine Transfer of Porcine Morulae after 24 Hour Culture in a Chemically Defined Medium (2014)

Excellent fertility and prolificacy have been reported after non-surgical deep uterine transfers of fresh in vivo-derived porcine embryos. Unfortunately, when this technology is used with vitrified embryos, the reproductive performance of recipients is low. For this reason and because the embryos must be stored until they are transferred to the recipient farms, we evaluated the potential application of non-surgical deep uterine transfers with in vivo-derived morulae cultured for 24 h in liquid stage. In Experiment 1, two temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) and two media (one fully defined and one semi-defined) were assessed. Morulae cultured in culture medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin and fetal calf serum at 38.5 °C in 5% CO2 in air were used as controls. Irrespective of medium, the embryo viability after 24 h of culture was negatively affected (P<0.05) at 25 °C but not at 37 °C compared with the controls. Embryo development was delayed in all experimental groups compared with the control group (P<0.001). Most of the embryos (95.7%) cultured at 37 °C achieved the full or expanded blastocyst stage, and unlike the controls, none of them hatched at the end of culture. In Experiment 2, 785 morulae were cultured in the defined medium at 37 °C for 24 h, and the resulting blastocysts were transferred to the recipients (n = 24). Uncultured embryos collected at the blastocyst stage (n = 750) were directly transferred to the recipients and used as controls (n = 25). No differences in farrowing rates (91.7% and 92.0%) or litter sizes (9.0 ± 0.6 and 9.4 ± 0.8) were observed between the groups. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that high reproductive performance can be achieved after non-surgical deep uterine transfers with short-term cultured morulae in a defined medium, which opens new possibilities for the sanitary, safe national and international trade of porcine embryos and the commercial use of embryo transfer in pigs.
Solaris Internals (2nd Edition) (2006)

Solaris™Internals volumes are simply the best and most comprehensive treatment of the Solaris (and OpenSolaris) Operating Environment. Any person using Solaris--in any capacity--would be remiss not to include these two new volumes in their personal library. With advanced observability tools in Solaris (likeDTrace), you will more often find yourself in what was previously unchartable territory. Solaris™ Internals, Second Edition, provides us a fantastic means to be able to quickly understand these systems and further explore the Solaris architecture--especially when coupled with OpenSolaris source availability.--Jarod Jenson, chief systems architect, AeysisThe Solaris™ Internals volumes by Jim Mauro and Richard McDougall must be on your bookshelf if you are interested in in-depth knowledge of Solaris operating system internals and architecture. As a senior Unix engineer for many years, I found the first edition of Solaris™ Internals the only fully comprehensive source for kernel developers, systems programmers, and systems administrators. The new second edition, with the companion performance and debugging book, is an indispensable reference set, containing many useful and practical explanations of Solaris and its underlying subsystems, including tools and methods for observing and analyzing any system running Solaris 10 or OpenSolaris.--Marc Strahl, senior UNIX engineerSolaris™ Internals, Second Edition,describes the algorithms and data structures of all the major subsystems in the Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris kernels. The text has been extensively revised since the first edition, with more than 600 pages of new material. Integrated Solaris tools and utilities, including DTrace, MDB, kstat, and the process tools, are used throughout to illustrate how the reader can observe the Solaris kernel in action. The companion volume, Solaris™ Performance and Tools, extends the examples contained here, and expands the scope to performance and behavior analysis. Coverage includes: Virtual and physical memory Processes, threads, and scheduling File system framework and UFS implementation Networking: TCP/IP implementation Resource management facilities and zonesThe Solaris™ Internals volumes make a superb reference for anyone using Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris.
Stereoisomeric Flavour Compounds LXXIII: 3-Butylphthalide: Chirospecific Analysis, Structure and Properties of the Enantiomers (1996)

Using enantioselective gas chromatography (GC) with an octakis-(2,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-cyclodextrin column, the direct enantioselective analysis of 3-butylphthalide enantiomers was achieved. Investigations relating to their sensory characteristics and odour thresholds were carried out via enantioselective gas chromatography/olfactometry. In order to elucidate stereochemical features, the lactone structure of racemic 3-butylphthalide was hydrolysed and the carboxy function protected as an isopropylester: the hydroxy function at C-3 was esterified with (R)-2-phenylpropionic acid. The resulting diastereomeric esters were separated and isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Absolute configurations were derived from 1H-NMR studies according to the Helmchen model, subsequently followed by ester cleavage and recylisation to the corresponding 3-butylphthalide enantiomers. Investigation of the essential oil of celery seed show enantiomeric distributions in the range of 95:5 in favour of the (3S)-enantiomer. This enantiomer shows a significantly lower GC odour threshold value than does the (3R)-enantiomer.
Biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons in subsurface biofilms (1995)

Bioremediation is an emerging in situ treatment technology for soil and groundwater cleanup. Research in the past decade has made significant progress toward understanding how to stimulate microbial growth in the subsurface by optimizing the physical/chemical conditions. Recent laboratory observations and field demonstrations indicate that bioremediation can also be limited by mass transfer processes. In this paper, factors restricting microbial growth are reviewed, and the importance of bioavailability on the performance of in situ bioremediation is discussed by using aromatic hydrocarbons as model contaminants. Successful application of bioremediation relies upon an understanding of interactions among microorganisms, organic contaminants and soil/aquifer materials. Applications of biofilm kinetics toward this goal are addressed. Model simulations and laboratory studies suggest that both low temperature and slow desorption rate could greatly lengthen the time required for effective in situ bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons.