gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental comparison of I/sub c/-V/sub ce/ parameters and large-signal performance for III-Vs HBTs (2005)

In this work, we experimentally explore the correlation between DC parameters extracted from the device I/sub c/-V/sub ce/ curve and large-signal load-pull performance. We define a set of "saturation parameters" from the I/sub c/-V/sub ce/ curve that allow for comparisons of different materials and technologies. These parameters are then compared to typical load-pull parameters. Our results show that the assumption that DC parameters correlate to the PAE is only valid close to class A operation. As more realistic conditions are used (towards class AB and class E), this assumption is no longer valid.
Oral misoprostol for induction of labour (2006)

Oral misoprostol as an induction agent is effective at achieving vaginal birth. It is more effective than placebo, as effective as vaginal misoprostol and results in fewer caesarean sections than vaginal dinoprostone or oxytocin.Where misoprostol remains unlicensed for the induction of labour, many practitioners will prefer to use a licensed product like dinoprostone. If using oral misoprostol, the evidence suggests that the dose should be 20 to 25 mcg in solution. Given that safety is the primary concern, the evidence supports the use of oral regimens over vaginal regimens. This is especially important in situations where the risk of ascending infection is high and the lack of staff means that women cannot be intensely monitored.
Risks and Benefits of Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients With Severe Venous Stasis Disease (2001)

Severe venous stasis disease was associated with a significantly greater weight, BMI, male sex, age, comorbidity, and surgical risk (pulmonary embolus, leak, death, incisional hernia) than in other patients who underwent GBP. Surgically induced weight loss corrected the venous stasis disease in almost all patients as well as their other obesity-related problems.
Zinc and Infection (1983)

Zinc is necessary for the normal functioning of all living systems. In microbes and mammals vital biological roles of zinc include the presence of this metal in metalloenzymes and membrane stabilization. In addition, zinc may bind nonspecifically to sulfhydryl, histidine, or other moieties on membranes, enzymes, or other proteins and alter their activity. Serum levels of zinc decrease sharply in many infections. Levels slightly below normal seem to be associated with optimal phagocytic function, and low concentrations of zinc may decrease microbial virulence. Brief decreases in serum levels appear to have no detrimental effect on host immunity and may act as a protective measure by decreasing the ability of indigenous or infecting microbes to thrive. However, prolonged zinc deficiency in mammals is associated with depressed T-cell function but near normal B-cell function. More work is needed for better understanding of zinc-related biochemistry and for determining the relationship between zinc status and susceptibility to infection in mammals.
Discovery of Antitubulin Agents with Antiangiogenic Activity as Single Entities with Multitarget Chemotherapy Potential (2014)

Antiangiogenic agents (AA) are cytostatic, and their utility in cancer chemotherapy lies in their combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical combinations of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors with antitubulin agents have been particularly successful. We have discovered a novel, potentially important analogue, that combines potent VEGFR2 inhibitory activity (comparable to that of sunitinib) with potent antitubulin activity (comparable to that of combretastatin A-4 (CA)) in a single molecule, with GI50 values of 10(-7) M across the entire NCI 60 tumor cell panel. It potently inhibited tubulin assembly and circumvented the most clinically relevant tumor resistance mechanisms (P-glycoprotein and β-III tubulin expression) to antimicrotubule agents. The compound is freely water-soluble as its HCl salt and afforded excellent antitumor activity in vivo, superior to docetaxel, sunitinib, or Temozolomide, without any toxicity.
Vasculatures in the extranodal B cell lymphoma. (1990)

11 cases received operation for primary B cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract were studied immunohistochemically to clarify vascular endothelial cell (EnC) function in extranodal lymphoma tissues. Microvasculature in primary B cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract, based on the morphological characteristics, were devided into high endothelial cell vessels (HEV) and flat endothelial cell vessels (FEV). HEV were characterized as HLA-DR- OKM1- OKM5- F VIII RAg+ IL-1-, accompanied by the cluster of non-neoplastic T lymphocytes, and FEV were HLA-DR- OKM1- OKM5+ F VIII RAg+ IL-1- not by T lymphocyte infiltration. In contrast, microvascular EnC in the surrounding non-lymphoma tissue, normal gastric and ileal tissues showed HLA-DR+ IL-1+. Our results suggest that microvascular EnC in primary B cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract lack a fuction as antigen presentation, and that HEV regulate non-neoplastic T cell migration.
Novel selective sidewall airgap process [single damascene interconnects] (2005)

In the present work, we demonstrate a novel selective process for airgap formation at the interconnect sidewalls for single damascene interconnects. The proposed single step scheme is simpler than the currently existing airgap approaches. This process has been shown to be scalable down to spacings of 60 nm and allows capacitance drops in the range of 6%-39% with only a marginal increase in leakage current.
Applications of Head-Up Displays in Commercial Transport Aircraft (1983)

by J. R. Lowe* Principal Engineer. Avionics and J. R. Ornelas Section Chief, Avionics Douglas Aircraft Company McDonnell Douglas Corporation Long Beach, California As low visibility and all-weather operations began to attract interest in the 1960s, the Head-Up Display (HUD) was considered to be a potential candidate for enhancing and, indeed, permitting such operations. Considerable effort was expended and intensive testing was conducted on various HUD concepts, but automatic landings became the means for accomplishing lower RVR landings. As a result of some unfortunate wind shear incidents in the 1970s, HUD once again gained attention, this time as a potential aid in enhancing the crew's capability to cope with wind shear. The HUD installed in the DC-9 Super 80 is an outgrowth of those years of both concern and research. The equipment provides instrumentation that is useful to the crew in both visual and instrument conditions and for both landing and takeoff. I t is now time to consider what additional operational areas that HUD can benefit. For example, HUD is a potential aide to terminal area penetration, low altitude maneuvering, and lower visibility landings and takeoffs;--but aspects of these issues need further research to quantify the benefits.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics and vaccines to counter this emerging pandemic (2020)

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 210 countries while affecting more than 25 million people and causing more than 843,000 human deaths, it has resulted in a pandemic situation in the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, all of which originated in bats. It is highly contagious, causing symptoms like fever, dyspnea, asthenia and pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, and the severely infected patients succumb to the disease. Coronaviruses (CoVs) among all known RNA viruses have the largest genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kb in length. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the molecular basis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution, develop effective therapeutics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines, and to design rapid and confirmatory viral diagnostics as well as adopt appropriate prevention and control strategies. To date, August 30, 2020, no effective, proven therapeutic antibodies or specific drugs, and vaccines have turned up. In this review article, we describe the underlying molecular organization and phylogenetic analysis of the coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, and recent advances in diagnosis and vaccine development in brief and focusing mainly on developing potential therapeutic options that can be explored to manage this pandemic virus infection, which would help in valid countering of COVID-19.
Research on Index System Construction of High-standard Basic Farmland (2017)

Arable land is the most crucially procreative material in human production and living.It not only provides important necessities for human being, but also can protect the ecological environment, ensure the safety of food, maintain social stability and bring economic, social and ecological benefit.With the rapid development of urbanization, the quantity continues to reduce and quality gradually decline of arable land.Although the state formulated a series of measures to protect arable land including launching overall land use planning, demarcating prime farmland protection area, implementing total arable land dynamic equilibrium and carrying out land use control, the overall equality of arable land is still a significant downward trend.Protect arable land play an important role in safeguarding food security and maintaining social stability.Therefore, the construction of high-standard basic farmland is the focus in the study of arable land protection.
Predicted electrical characteristics of 4500 V super multi-RESURF MOSFETs (2003)

In this paper, we show the optimized device parameters for various voltage multi-RESURF devices based on exact simulation. In addition, we also present, for the first time, the exact static and transient simulation of a 4500 V multi-RESURF device. The distinguishing feature of the multi-RESURF MOSFET is that a storage time exists and that the fall time is extremely small. The multi-RESURF MOSFET was found to be an ideal device for high voltage applications, superior to IGBTs.
A New Technique for Detecting Sleep Apnea-Related "Midnight" Surge of Blood Pressure (2006)

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have been reported to be at greater risk for cardiovascular events, and midnight surge of blood pressure (BP) may be a mechanism of sleep apnea-related cardiovascular risk. However, there has been no accurate noninvasive technique to detect intermittent BP surge at the time of each sleep apnea episode. We therefore developed an experimental system to detect apnea-related short-term BP surge based on BP measurement triggered by peripheral (finger-tip) oxygen desaturation (a desaturation-triggered BP monitoring system). In 16 patients with OSAS, this new system successfully detected BP surges at the time of the sleep apnea, and the BP values were found to be significantly higher than those detected using a conventional fixed interval BP monitoring system (systolic BP [SBP] difference: 13 +/- 5.8 mmHg, p = 0.039; diastolic BP [DBP] difference: 10 +/- 6.8 mmHg, p = 0.032). The maximum SBP time rate (velocity of BP surge) showed a strong positive correlation with the apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.855, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we developed a noninvasive oxygen desaturation-triggered BP monitoring system that can successfully detect sleep apnea-related BP surge. The midnight BP surge detected by this new method was significantly associated with the severity of OSAS.
Supporting application network flows with multiple QoS constraints (2009)

There is a growing need to support real-time applications over the Internet. Real-time interactive applications often have multiple quality-of-service (QoS) requirements which are application specific. Traditional provisioning of QoS in the Internet through IP routing - Intserv or Diffserv - faces many technical challenges, and is also deterred by the huge deployment issues. As an alternative, application providers often build their own application-specific overlay networks to meet their QoS requirements. In this paper, we present a unified framework which can serve diverse applications with multiple QoS constraints. Our scalable flow route management architecture, called MCQoS, employs a hybrid approach using a path vector protocol to disseminate aggregated path information combined with on-demand path discovery to find paths that match the diverse QoS requirements. It uses a distributed algorithm to dynamically adapt to an alternate path when the current path fails to satisfy the required QoS constraints. We do large-scale simulation and analysis to show that our approach is both efficient and scalable, and that it substantially outperforms the state of the art protocols in accuracy. Our simulation results show that MCQoS can reduce the false negative percentage to less than 1% compared with 5-10% in other approaches, and eliminates false positives, whereas other schemes have false positive rates of 10-20% with minimal increase in protocol overhead. Finally, we implemented and deployed our system on the Planetlab testbed for evaluation in a real network environment.
152 (2012)

Introduction: The Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Trials Network (CCPTN) is a pharmacist-led critical care practice-based research network with study sites across the United States. This report is intended to describe the growth and contributions of the CCPTN since its inception in 2007 and demonstrate the value of successful collaboration. Hypothesis: There is a significant association between the number of patients enrolled and CCPTN study number. Methods: Key data from each of the four completed CCPTN studies were compiled with descriptive statistics utilized. Additionally, univariate regression modeling was utilized to evaluate for a relationship between the number of patients enrolled and CCPTN study number. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Four cross-sectional studies were completed via the CCPTN from 2007 through 2011. The first three studies included data from a 24-hour period, whereas the fourth study included data from a 72-hour period. The median number of study sites and intensive care units contributing data to the trials was 28 and 58, respectively. The initial study enrolled 414 patients, whereas the most recently completed study enrolled 998 patients. Patient enrollment increased in each study, with a median increase of 192 patients. There was a significant relationship between patient enrollment and study number, with an exponential equation best fitting the data (model equation y=291.8e0.297x, R2=0.979, p=0.011). Eleven abstracts including data collected via the CCPTN have been presented at national meetings, ten of which were presented at the Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress. One peer-reviewed manuscript has been published with an additional manuscript pending publication. Conclusions: Studies from the CCPTN have grown in size and scope since the Network’s inception. There is a strong relationship between the number of enrolled patients and CCPTN study number, indicating exponential growth and viability of this Network as a structure to facilitate critical care pharmacotherapy research.
Observation of coherent diffraction radiation from bunched electrons passing through a circular aperture in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength regions (1995)

Using a short-bunched beam of electrons of 150 MeV, we have generated diffraction radiation from a circular aperture in an aluminum plate in the region of millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. We have observed superposition of the diffraction radiation and transition radiation from an aluminum mirror. The angular distribution of the observed radiation shows interference of the two radiations. The intensity of the radiation has been observed to be proportional to the square of the beam current. Compared with the theoretical intensity of incoherent radiation, the observed intensity of the radiation from an aperture of 10 mm at the wavelength of 1 mm has been enhanced by a factor of 1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$, which is roughly equal to the number of electrons in a bunch. From the observed spectrum, the longitudinal distribution of electrons in a bunch has been derived with a spatial resolution of 0.1 mm, i.e., a temporal resolution of 0.3 ps. (c) 1995 The American Physical Society
In-Situ Sampling and Separation of RNA from Individual Mammalian Cells (2000)

In this investigation RNA was directly sampled and separated at the single-cell level (without extraction) by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was employed to detect ethidium bromide-labeled RNA molecules under native conditions. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used as a matrix for molecular sieving. Additives to the polymer solution included poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to eliminate the electroosmotic flow and mannitol to enhance the separation. Peak identities were confirmed as RNA by enzymatic treatment with RNase I. The individual Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells were injected into a capillary and the cells were lysed online with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions before running electrophoresis. Low molecular mass (LMM) RNAs as well as larger fragments (tentatively identified as 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA by comparison with the literature) were detected with this system, which corresponds to a detected amount of approximately equals 10-20 pg of RNA/cell. A Proteinase K study showed that proteins incorporated with RNA molecules were eliminated by SDS treatment and thus did not influence the migration of RNA. Experiments were also performed with this technique to detect nucleic acid damage. Changes in the peak pattern were detected in the cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, which meant that strand breaks occurred in DNA and RNA. It was found that 60 mM caused the most severe damage to the nucleic acids.
192 SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC QUANTIFICATION OF SIROLIMUS (RAPAMYCIN) AND ITS METABOLITES IN BLOOD AND URINE OF KIDNEY GRAFT RECIPIENTS USING HPLC/ELECTRO-SPRAY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC/ES/MS) (1995)

Sewing, K. -Fr; Streit, F.; Schiebel, H. M.; Napoli, K.; Kalian, B. D.; Christians, U. Author Information
On-Column Refolding of Recombinant Human Interferon-γ with an Immobilized Chaperone Fragment (2003)

The chaperone mini-GroEL is a soluble recombinant fragment containing the 191-345 amino acid sequence of GroEL with a 6xHis tag. The refolding protocol assisted with mini-GroEL was studied for the activity recovery of rhIFN-gamma inclusion bodies. In a suspended system, mini-GroEL showed significant enhancement of the activity recovery of rhIFN-gamma, applyed with a 1-5:1 stoichiometry of mini-GroEL to rhIFN-gamma at 25 degrees C. Moreover, 1 M urea in the renaturation buffer had a synergistic effect on suppressing the aggregation and improving the activity recovery. Finally, a novel chromatographic column, containing 1 cm height of Sephadex G 200 at the top of column and packed with immobilized mini-GroEL to promote refolding, was devised. The total activity recovered per milligram of denatured rhIFN-gamma was up to 3.93 x 10(6) IU with the immobilized mini-GroEL column, which was reused four times without evident loss of renaturation ability. A convenient technique with the integrated process of chaperon preparation and rhIFN-gamma folding in vitro was developed.
Metal Vacancy Ordering in an Antiperovskite Resulting in Two Modifications of Fe<sub>2</sub>SeO (2016)

Small, red Fe2 SeO single crystals in two modifications were obtained from a CsCl flux. The metastable α-phase is pseudo-tetragonal (Cmce, a=16.4492(8) Å, b=11.1392(4) Å, c=11.1392(4) Å), whereas the β-phase is trigonal (P31 , a=9.8349(4) Å, c=6.9591(4) Å)) and thermodynamically stable within a narrow temperature range. Both crystal structures were solved from twinned specimens. The enantiomers of the β-phase appear as racemic mixtures. Selenium and oxygen form two individual interpenetrating primitive cubic lattices, giving a bcc packing. A quasi-octahedrally coordinated iron atom is found close to the center of each surface of the selenium sublattice. The difference between the α- and β-phases is the distribution of iron at 2/3 of the surfaces. α- and β-Fe2 SeO are comparable with metal-vacancy-ordered antiperovskites. Each Fe/O lattice can also be described in terms of vertex-sharing OFe4 tetrahedra, with a crystal structure similar to that of an antisilicate. Iron is divalent and has a high-spin d(6) (S=2) configuration. The β-phase exhibits magnetoelectric coupling.
The direct conversion of heat into electricity. Thermoelectric conversion and thermionic conversion (1968)

During the last decade much interest has been shown in various methods of direct conversion of heat into electricity. The advantages of direct-conversion devices are discussed and the basic physical principles of thermoelectric conversion and thermionic conversion are explained. A review is given of the present state of knowledge and an assessment is made of prospects for future applications of direct-conversion devices.
Write-once-memory-code phase change memory (2014)

This paper describes a write-once-memory-code phase change memory (WOM-code PCM) architecture for next-generation non-volatile memory applications. Specifically, we address the long latency of the write operation in PCM - attributed to PCM SET - by proposing a novel PCM memory architecture that integrates WOM-codes at the memory organization and memory controller levels. The proposed <;2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> > <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /3 WOM-code PCM architecture is able to reduce memory write (read) latency by 20.1% (10.2%) on average across general-purpose (SPEC CPU2006), embedded (MiBench), and high-performance (SPLASH-2) benchmarks. To further improve the write latency of WOM-code PCM, we propose a PCM-refresh approach that uses idle cycles to preemptively set PCM rows to the initial WOM-code state. Results show that WOM-code PCM with PCM-refresh can reduce memory write (read) latency by 54.9% (47.9%) on average across the benchmarks. Finally, to balance write latency improvements against WOM-code PCM overhead, we propose a WOM-code cached PCM (WCPCM) architecture that uses WOM-code PCM as the cache alongside conventional PCM main memory. For just 4.7% memory overhead, WCPCM reduces memory write (read) latency by 47.2% (44.0%) on average across the benchmarks.