gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of human thymocytes via the 50KD T11 sheep erythrocyte binding protein induces the expression of interleukin 2 receptors on both T3+ and T3- populations. (1985)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the 50KD T11 molecule is a surface component of a macrophage-independent alternative pathway of human T cell activation that is unrelated to the T3/Ti antigen-MHC receptor complex. Given the expression of T11 on all human thymocytes, it was of interest to determine whether they could be activated via this pathway. The triggering of T11 by monoclonal antibodies anti-T112 and anti-T113, directed at two unique epitopes on the molecule, induced IL 2 receptor expression on both T3+ and T3- thymocytes but did not induce IL 2 production. Consequently, in contrast to peripheral blood T cells, thymocytes did not proliferate in response to anti-T112 and anti-T113 in the absence of exogenous IL 2. These studies suggest that IL 2 receptor gene activation precedes IL 2 gene activation in T cell development. The ability of the alternative pathway of T cell activation to induce IL 2 receptor expression on T3- thymocytes implies that the T11 molecule may have an important role in early thymocyte ontogeny.
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptides from Commercial Wet- and Dry-Milled Corn Germ (2008)

Bioprocesses were developed to enhance the value of proteins from deoiled corn germ. Proteins were hydrolyzed with trypsin, thermolysin, GC 106, or Flavourzyme to generate the bioactive peptide sequences. At an enzyme to substrate ratio of 1:100, protein hydrolysis of wet-milled germ was greatest using thermolysin followed by trypsin, GC 106, and Flavourzyme. For the dry-milled corn germ, protein hydrolysis was greatest for GC 106 and least for Flavourzyme. Electrophoretic patterns indicated that the hydrolysis conditions used were adequate for generating low molecular weight peptides for both germs. Unhydrolyzed dry- and wet-milled corn germ did not appear to contain angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides. After hydrolysis with trypsin, thermolysin, and GC 106 but not Flavourzyme, ACE inhibition was observed. ACE inhibition was greatest for the GC 106 hydrolysate for both wet- and dry-milled corn germ. Denaturing the protein with urea before hydrolysis, in general, increased the amount of ACE-inhibitory peptides found in the hydrolysate. Membrane fractionations of both the wet- and dry-milled hydrolysates indicated that most of the ACE-inhibitory peptides were in the <1 kDa fraction. Examination of the control total protein extracts (before treatment with proteases) from wet- and dry-milled germ revealed that neither had ACE-inhibitory properties. However, when both total corn germ control protein extracts were fractionated, the <1 kDa fraction of wet-milled corn germ proteins exhibited ACE inhibition, whereas the comparable low molecular weight fraction from dry-milled corn germ did not.
The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points (1933)

Abstract The effect to be described in this paper was discovered in attempting to develop an apparatus for measuring the area of the eye pupil, using a photometric principle. The idea involved is made clear by the diagram fig. 1. The subject applies his eye to the eye-ring E and fixes his eye on the aperture in the diaphragm D. He then sees a photometric field divided into two parts. The lower half is illuminated by light diffused from the opal O, which itself receives light from the lamp S. The rays from this half of the field form a diverging beam which completely fills the pupil of the subject’s eye. The upper half of the field is illuminated by the method of Maxwellian view. An image of the small aperture P is focussed by the lens L on to the middle point of the eye-ring E. This image is only about 1.5 mm. in diameter and all the light is collected by the subject’s eye, provided the pupil of the latter is concentric with the eye-ring and has a diameter exceeding 1.5 mm. A variable graduated neutral wedge W is inserted at the aperture P and this enables the two halves of the photometric field to be adjusted to equality of brightness by the subject.
The attribute selection problem in decision tree generation (1992)

We address the problem of selecting an attribute and some of its values for branching during the top-down generation of decision trees. We study the class of impurity measures, members of which are typically used in the literature for selecting attributes during decision tree generation (e.g. entropy in ID3, GID3*, and CART; Gini Index in CART). We argue that this class of measures is not particularly suitable for use in classification learning. We define a new class of measures, called C-SEP, that we argue is better suited for the purposes of class separation. A new measure from C-SEP is formulated and some of its desirable properties are shown. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that the new algorithm, O-BTree, that uses this measure indeed produces better decision trees than algorithms that use impurity measures.
Robust Airline Scheduling Under Block-Time Uncertainty (2011)

Airline schedule development continues to remain one of the most challenging planning activities for any airline. An airline schedule comprises a list of flights and specifies the origin, destination, scheduled departure, and arrival time of each flight in the airline's network. A critical component of the schedule development activity is the choice of flight block-times, which depend on several factors. Many airlines decide schedule block-times based on fixed percentiles of block-time distributions built from historical data, however, such techniques have not resulted in significantly improved on-time performance (OTP) of the schedule during operations. Thus, from a passenger's perspective, the service-level guarantee of an airline's network continues to be low. We first define two service-level metrics for an airline schedule. The first one is similar to the OTP measure of the U.S. Department of Transportation and we define it as the flight service level. The second metric, called the network service level, is geared toward completion of passenger itineraries. We then develop a stochastic integer programming formulation that optimally perturbs a given schedule to maximize expected profit, while ensuring the two service levels. We also develop a variant of this model that maximizes service levels, while achieving desired network profitability. To solve these models, we develop an efficient algorithm that guarantees optimality. Through extensive computational experiments, using real-world data, we demonstrate that our models and algorithms are efficient and achieve the desired trade-off between service level and profitability.
Phase-controlled resonant dc/dc converter with Class E frequency multiplier (2002)

A new phase-controlled resonant DC/DC power converter is proposed, which can easily regulate the output voltage for both wide load and line variations while the switching frequency is fixed. To obtain the DC/DC power converter, two identical Class E frequency multipliers are connected in parallel and the resulting phase-controlled resonant inverter is loaded by a current-driven half-wave rectifier. The steady-state analysis and experimental results for proposed circuit are given in this paper. The measured efficiency was over 82% at an output power of 3.49 W and a switching frequency of 1.01 MHz using frequency doubler. The reactive components of the proposed circuit are smaller than those of a conventional phase-controlled Class E inverter, and the phase shift range of the proposed circuit, which is needed for regulating the output voltage, is narrower than that of a conventional one.
Elastic Properties of Dental Resin Restorative Materials (1974)

The elastic constants of several commercially available filled and unfilled dental resin restorative materials were determined in the 0 to 50 kilobar range of pressure. Measurements of the velocities of propagation of longitudinal and shear ultrasonic waves were used to obtain the Young's, bulk, and shear moduli and Poisson's ratio as a function of pressure; atmospheric pressure values were obtained by back extrapolation from the high pressure data.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Issues Report on Patient Safety (2001)

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Stimulation of NF-kappa B-mediated transcription by mutant derivatives of the latent membrane protein of Epstein-Barr virus (1995)

The latent membrane protein (LMP) of Epstein-Barr virus contributes to the immortalizing activity of the virus in primary, human B lymphocytes, but its mechanism of function is unknown. LMP is expressed at the plasma membrane and may act by influencing the signalling pathways of infected cells. LMP increases transcription of reporter plasmids that are responsive to members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family of transcription factors (M.-L. Hammarskjold and M. C. Simurda, J. Virol. 66:6496-6501, 1992, and A. Krikos, C. D. Laherty, and V. M. Dixit, J. Biol. Chem. 267:17971-17976, 1992). We measured the stimulation of the activity of a reporter plasmid by LMP in Jurkat and 293 cells in transfection experiments. Expression of LMP stimulated plasmids that contained kappa B enhancer elements but not plasmids that lacked the elements. In 293 cells, expression of the NF-kappa B inhibitor, I kappa B-alpha, reduced the stimulatory activity of LMP. We used deletional analysis to map the domains of LMP that are required for its activity in 293 cells. Wild-type LMP stimulated NF-kappa B by a factor of 20 to 30, while mutant derivatives of LMP that lack oncogenic activity stimulated NF-kappa B by a factor of 3. The multiple membrane-spanning segments together with the carboxy-terminal 55 amino acid residues of LMP were required for its maximal stimulatory function. Residues within its cytoplasmic amino terminus were not required for LMP's stimulation of NF-kappa B. We tested also for stimulation of NF-kappa B activity in cell lines known to support phenotypic changes mediated by expression of LMP. LMP stimulated little NF-kappa B activity in HEp2 cells and no detectable NF-kappa B activity in BALB/3T3 cells. The LMP stimulation of NF-kappa B factors that occurs in some cell lines provides a useful and biochemically tractable assay for determining the function of LMP.
Crossover And MTF Characteristics Of A Tabular-Grain X-Ray Film (1984)

An orthochromatic x-ray film made with tabular silver halide grains has a significantly higher MTF when exposed with green-emitting intensifying screens than do conventional films with similar sensitometric properties. The primary reason for the improved MTF is a decrease in the amount of crossover exposure, i.e., exposure by light that has crossed the support one or more times. Two well-established sensitometric procedures for measuring crossover have been compared. One produces results accurate enough for calculations of MTF relationships. Calculated MTF relationships for tabulargrain and conventional films are compared with measured values.
56.1: Analytical Approach to Evaluate Maximum Gravitational Sag and its Variations of Glass Substrate for LCD (2004)

Abstract We present analytical formulas to evaluate the gravitational sag of glass substrate for liquid crystal display (LCD). The formulas are derived for the parallel line supports (knife‐edges). Past studies, and comparison with finite element analysis in this paper, show that a continuous line support is a very close approximation to collinear point supports with the kind of support spacing typical in today's cassette designs. Two, three and four supporting lines are considered. A new concept of initial shapes of the glass substrate is introduced to enable evaluation of sag variations caused by various process factors analytically and numerically. We show that both the sag magnitude of the glass substrate and its variations due to various process factors may be drastically decreased with increased number of horizontal supports. The analytical results are verified numerically with the finite‐element method.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Control for Flexible Spacecraft with Time-Varying Input Delay (2013)

This paper is concerned with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>control problem for flexible spacecraft with disturbance and time-varying control input delay. By constructing an augmented Lyapunov functional with slack variables, a new delay-dependent state feedback controller is obtained in terms of linear inequality matrix. These slack variables can make the design more flexible, and the resultant design also can guarantee the asymptotic stability and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>attenuation level of closed-loop system. The effectiveness of the proposed design method is illustrated via a numerical example.
Regulation of cAMP-stimulated ion current by intracellular pH, Ca2+, and calmodulin blockers (1988)

1. Iontophoretic injection of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) into identified neurons elicited a slow transient Na+ current whose amplitude and duration were sensitive to altered intracellular pH (pHi), calmodulin blocking drugs, depolarization, and manipulations of internal and external Ca2+. 2. Intracellular acidification between resting pHi to several tenths of a pH unit increased the amplitude of the cAMP-stimulated current and prolonged its duration. 3. Intracellular alkalinization of similar magnitude also increased the amplitude and duration of the current response. The effects of alkalinization were somewhat labile. In cells alkalinized by NH4+-containing salines, washout of NH4+ with normal saline caused acidification and further enhanced the cAMP current response. The immediacy of the increase and the dual acid/basic sensitivity of the response suggest an accommodative process whereby the responsiveness of the cell to cAMP adapts to a maintained pHi. 4. The calmodulin blockers trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide increased the amplitude and duration of the current response. Phorbol ester activators of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent kinase had no effect on the current. 5. Periods of depolarization preceding tests significantly reduced current response amplitude. This effect was dependent on saline Ca2+ and was blocked by Co2+. 6. Intracellular injection of the Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N',-tetraacetic acid also augmented the amplitude and duration of the current response. 7. The above effects are consistent with a possible common site of action on cAMP degradation. This interpretation is consistent with previous evidence for pH-sensitive and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in Pleurobranchaea nervous tissue.
Simulation for Intra- and Inter-Organisational Business Process Modelling. (1997)

Business process modelling (BPM) is an increasingly emerging field of simulation application. Although it has been practically demonstrated that simulation can be an effective tool for business redesign, there does not exist a comprehensive framework to explain the characteristics of business processes and identify specific requirements for their modelling. Furthermore, hardly any attention has been paid to the modelling of inter-organisational business systems. In this paper, we examine the nature of business processes in the light of modern change management approaches and propose a set of requirements for their modelling. We then concentrate on inter-organisational processes and argue that modelling problems can be much more difficult to overcome when more than one business is involved, mainly due to the multiplicity of decision making levels involved and the subsequent need for multi-level output analysis. Based on an empirical study, we illustrate the practical problems of modelling inter-organisational business systems and suggest desirable characteristics of simulation packages for that purpose. 1
Quantitative Analysis of Involuntary Movements as a Test of Comfort of a Car Seat: A Study of Man-Machine Interface (1991)

Using qualitative analysis of involuntaty movements, comfort/discomfort of a car seat, adjusted in done seat positions-based primarily on the backrest angle has been evaluated. The medial position (backrest angle-115 degree) has been found to be the most comfortable position followed by the backward inclined position (backrest angle 124-125 degree) and the forward inclined position (backrest angle 108-109 degree) respectively.Individuals of different stature percentiles showed differences in comfort/discomfort with respect to the forward inclined and die backward inclined position, but all of them, irrespective of their stature percentiles, found the medial position to be the most comfortable. Involuntary movements increased in all the time seat positions during prolonged sitting. Application of the method has also been briefly discussed in other work situations.
Roughness modelling analysis for milling of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (2015)

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials are finding increased application in aeronautical, automobile and structural applications. During post-processing of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, milling is one of the mostly used machining processes. In this study, the relationship between roughness and milling parameters was developed by response surface methodology, and a roughness model for milling CFRP is proposed. The models are found to be adequate through analysis of variance. The result indicates that the increase in feed rate and radial depth of cut increases the roughness. The spindle speed does not show a general trend on roughness in milling of CFRP composites.
Improved <i>k</i>‐space trajectory measurement with signal shifting (2007)

Various techniques for k-space trajectory measurement have been described in the literature. Self-encoding gradient techniques are time-consuming due to the high number of phase-encoding steps needed. The approach with localized slices is faster, but its use apparently has not been reported in the context of high spatial resolution experiments. Signals associated with high k-space frequencies may then reach low or even zero values, and this may result in errors in the estimate of the trajectories at the k-space periphery. To overcome this problem without increasing the measurement duration of the localized slice method too much, a new approach is proposed in which an addition dephasing gradient applied prior to the gradient to be measured shifts the signal maximum.
Temperature dependency of granule characteristics and kinetic behavior in UASB reactors (2004)

Abstract When an inhibitory substrate, phenol, was treated under mesophilic conditions (25, 30, 35, and 40 °C), the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors at 30 °C resulted in the greatest amount of biomass and the largest granule size, while the UASB reactors at 25 °C resulted in the smallest granule size and the greatest amount of wash‐out of sludge. The granule size tended to be negatively correlated with the amount of wash‐out of sludge. With an increase in temperature, the kinetic constant k for anaerobic phenol degradation increased and the half saturation constant ( K s ) decreased. The mass fraction of methanogens ( f ) increased with increasing operational temperature in the UASB reactors and the activation energy ( E a ) for acetate methanogenesis was larger than that for phenol acidogenesis in the batch reactors, indicating that the operational temperature imposes a more influential effect on methanogens than on acidogens. From the results of the activity of acidogens and methanogens (expressed in specific COD utilization rate), the rate‐limiting step is phenol acidogenesis. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of Serum MicroRNA Signatures for Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Closed Head Injury Model (2014)

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the problems of diagnosis and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). MTBI is a heterogeneous injury that may lead to the development of neurological and behavioral disorders. In the absence of specific diagnostic markers, mTBI is often unnoticed or misdiagnosed. In this study, mice were induced with increasing levels of mTBI and microRNA (miRNA) changes in the serum were determined. MTBI was induced by varying weight and fall height of the impactor rod resulting in four different severity grades of the mTBI. Injuries were characterized as mild by assessing with the neurobehavioral severity scale-revised (NSS-R) at day 1 post injury. Open field locomotion and acoustic startle response showed behavioral and sensory motor deficits in 3 of the 4 injury groups at day 1 post injury. All of the animals recovered after day 1 with no significant neurobehavioral alteration by day 30 post injury. Serum microRNA (miRNA) profiles clearly differentiated injured from uninjured animals. Overall, the number of miRNAs that were significantly modulated in injured animals over the sham controls increased with the severity of the injury. Thirteen miRNAs were found to identify mTBI regardless of its severity within the mild spectrum of injury. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the more severe brain injuries were associated with a greater number of miRNAs involved in brain related functions. The evaluation of serum miRNA may help to identify the severity of brain injury and the risk of developing adverse effects after TBI.
Smartphone and Mobile Image Processing for Assisted Living: Health-monitoring apps powered by advanced mobile imaging algorithms (2016)

Smartphones are used by billions of people all over the world and are equipped with various types of sensors and increasingly powerful processors. The number of smartphone-savvy seniors is on the rise due to increased efforts to design elderly friendly smartphone systems and applications (apps). These smartphone capabilities, combined with advanced signal processing algorithms, are a growing platform for different assisted-living solutions, ranging from human-computer interfaces for disabled users to health-monitoring and fitness-tracking devices. This combined software and hardware development, along with the culture of using portable and wearable devices, gives a practical, low-cost, and accessible solution for various assisted living apps and, in particular, physiological monitoring for home or ambulatory settings [1]. However, many of these solutions are not yet mature enough to be released for public use. Our focus here is health-monitoring apps based on mobile imaging to review the current state of the art and discuss the challenges.