gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping the cellular distribution of labelled molecules by SIMS microscopy (1992)

We took advantage of one of the main possibilities of ion microscopy, ie isotopic analysis, to study the cellular distribution of molecules labelled either with carbon 14 or with stable isotopes of low natural abundance such as nitrogen 15 and deuterium. The surface of the sample is bombarded with an ion beam (O2+, Cs+ etc). Secondary ions emitted from the sample are filtered by a mass spectrometer and the distribution of the labelling isotope is recorded. In this way, we obtained images showing the characteristic distribution of 14C-thymidine and D-arginine in human fibroblasts, and of 15N-adenine in organotypic cultures of human breast cancer cells. The spatial resolution on the acquired images was close to 0.1 micron when using the UPS-ONERA ion microprobe. The sensitivity of the method for detecting carbon 14 is far greater than that of autoradiography and the technique is both fast and quantitative. On the other hand, the capacity of ion microscopy for studying the tissular distribution of molecules labelled with stable isotopes, opens the way for biological and pharmacological tracer studies of human diseases.
Smaller cells for greater performance (1991)

A microcell architecture that reduces interference, increases system capacity, improves voice quality, and demands fewer handoffs is described. The system is easy to implement and poses a very low risk investment. Its capacity and voice quality are analyzed. Capacity, based on the K=3 system (K is the cell reuse factor), is 2.33 times higher than the existing analog system of K=7. This microcell system can provide better voice quality than the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) cellular system at 850 MHz. It can be used with digital cellular with slight modification, and is suitable for in-building communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal and mechanical properties of gypsum sandwich-panels with phase change material (2020)

Energy deficiency and environmental pollution are always the most significant issues that researchers confront. One of the solutions for economising on energy consumption in structures is to use phase change materials (PCMs) in elements such as wallboards, roofs and floors. PCMs have good thermal characteristics such as high fusion heat, large latent heat capacity, solid–liquid phase change and they are also eco-friendly. In this research, PEG600 was used as a PCM in gypsum sandwich-panels with thicknesses of 7 and 10 cm and a PCM ratio of 10 and 15%wt. Gypsum/PEG600 sandwich-panels were constructed in three types – standard, hollow-core and macro-encapsulated. They were tested using apparatus under the thermal conditions of two different cities, to measure the maximum reduction of the specimens’ inner side temperature, the time delay to reach the maximum daily temperature and the amount of reduction in temperature, comparing different ratios of integrating PEG600 into gypsum panels. Macro-encapsulated sandwich-panels performed better. These reduced the maximum daily temperature by up to 5.7°C; this amount was 5.6°C and 3.4°C for standard and hollow-core specimens, respectively. The compressive and flexural strengths of gypsum/PEG600 panels reduced with an increasing PEG600 ratio.
A laboratory study of the Amalgambond Adhesive System. (1992)

The shear bond strengths (SBS) of the Amalgambond Adhesive System to several substrates were determined in vitro. Ninety extracted human permanent first and second molars were used. In 30 teeth, the occlusal surfaces were ground wet on 600-grit SiC to expose the enamel and in 60 to expose the superficial dentin. Amalgam (Tytin) restorations were placed on 15 exposed dentin surfaces and sandblasted. The Metafil-A composite was transferred in three increments and each cured for 30 seconds. The SBS of the composite to enamel were determined 1 minute (A) and 24 hours after final cure (B); to dentin 1 minute (C) and 24 hours after final cure (D); of freshly mixed amalgam to dentin (E) and to previously placed amalgam (F) after 24 hours. All of the 24 hours specimens were stored in saline at 37 degrees C or 24 hours. A shear load was applied to the base of the bonded cylinders with a knife-edged rod in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The SBS were expressed in MPa and the data analyzed by Student t-test, ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test. The mean +/- SD of SBS were: A: 8.15 +/- 1.74; B: 15.69 +/- 4.50; C: 6.64 +/- 1.72; D: 17.09 +/- 4.61; E: 5.10 +/- 1.73; F: 6.54 +/- 3.78. The SBS to enamel and to dentin, respectively, after 24 hours were significantly greater than after 1 minute (P = 0.0001), the SBS of A vs C (P = 0.1783), B vs D (P = 0.2180) and E vs F (P = 0.7149) were not significantly different.
Efficient Use of Structural Precast Concrete in High Rise Buildings - a Case Study (1992)

Most of the high rise buildings constructed in New Zealand in recent years have used precast concrete components for a variety of the structural elements .For the building which is the subject of this paper, the designers and builders chose to maximise the use of precast concrete to reduce the construction period and on site labour requirements This paper explains the objectives for the chosen method of construction for the Coopers and Lybrand Tower in Auckland and outlines the means of achievement.
How Gold Nanoparticles Have Stayed in the Light: The 3Mʼs Principle (2008)

Simultaneous advances in making, measuring, and modeling noble metal (plasmonic) particles--designated as the 3M's principle--have led to a perfect storm in discoveries and applications of gold nanoparticles. Three articles in this issue of ACS Nano illustrate this concept. First, exquisite control over gold nanorod length and diameter and testing of fundamental ideas are presented. Second, gold nanorods as localized surface plasmon resonance sensors to monitor the kinetics of antibody-antigen binding are reported. Third, strategies to prepare gold nanoshell substrates to enhance Raman scattering and infrared absorption are proposed. In this Perspective, we discuss how these reports fit into current challenges in plasmonics and how the prospects of localized surface plasmons will continue to shine when the right applications are revealed.
TOZAL Study: An open case control study of an oral antioxidant and omega-3 supplement for dry AMD (2007)

Treatment with this unique nutritional supplement increased VA above the expected baseline decrease in the majority of patients in this population with dry macular degeneration. The results of the TOZAL study agree with the LAST and CARMIS studies and are predictive for positive visual acuity outcomes in the AREDS II trial. However, patients will likely require supplementation for longer than 6 months to effect changes in additional visual parameters.
Importing Daubert to Administrative Agencies Through the Information Quality Act (2004)

Exasperated at the inability of the common law to adequately protect the public health and environment from toxic hazards, Congress passed a series of vigorous environmental laws in the 1970s to regulate activities involving dangerous products and wastes. The common law had proven woefully ineffective to redress these harms since it required proof of harm and convincing evidence of causation before granting recovery. Stringent common law causation requirements thus effectively exculpated most defendants who produced or disposed of toxics due to substantial scientific unknowns regarding the long-term effects of their
Use Of Static Mixer For Oxidation And Disinfection By Ozone (1994)

Abstract Ozone is used in drinking water treatment as a biocide, as an oxidant and as a pretreatment in order to improve the performance of subsequent processes. Increasing concern over the quality of drinking water has led to a number of new stringent regulations in the control of chemical and microbiological contaminants. Disinfection deals with the concept of “CT”, which is the need to maintain a certain minimum concentration for a given time. Under ideal laboratory conditions, it is 0.4 mg O3/L for 4 min. In practice, since the method for the CT determination has not been finalized by the EPA, “T” can be the minimum detention time of 90% of total flow, and “C” can be a measured ozone residual at the outlet of cells of the contactor. New standards for micropollutants in drinking water imply an optimization of the ozonation step, by improving the ozone transfer from gas to water, and the control of the detention time as well as ozone residual within the contactor. All these considerations have led us to use static mixers to transfer ozone into water. This process enables us to control the ozone concentration in water and detention time. It is a very simple system, with very low maintenance requirements due to the lack of moving parts. Civil engineering is minimized. A pilot scale study is presented here. It took place at the Méry-sur-Oise water treatment plant, on a pilot plant working at 8-12 m3/h. It is composed of a static mixer for the transfer of ozone from gas to liquid, linked to an air lift to separate gas from liquid, providing ozonated water. The optimization of transfer was achieved by studying the impact of water flow, gas flow and ozone concentration in the gas. It is possible to reach 90% of transfer in less than 15 s. Headloss (ΔP) across the mixer is a function of gas and water flows and remains economically very acceptable as 0.15 bar for 12 m3/h. Atrazine removal was studied using a static mixer, an air lift and a contact pipe 80-m long, providing an optimum contact time phase, working as a plug flow reactor. Ozone and H2O2/O3 treatments were compared. The maximum reduction of atrazine concentrations (e.g., for an infinite contact time) is a function of the amount of transferred ozone, but H2O2 influences the kinetics of the reaction. In the presence of H2O2 with a ratio of H2O2 to O3 of 0.4 w/w, maximum elimination is reached in 2 min 30 s. The effect of such treatments on environmental bacteria also was followed. A counting of total germs at 20°C showed a decrease of 1- to 3-logs 10 after 1 min 30 s of contact time for about 2 mg/L of transferred ozone. No significant difference between treatments with or without H2O2 was shown. The same conclusions were obtained from heterotrophic plate counts (37°C) and epifluorescence countings.
Multilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> prepared by one-time and repeated chemical vapor depositions: anomalous Raman shifts and transistors with high ON/OFF ratio (2015)

We show that multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) grown with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) may exhibit quite distinct behaviors of Raman shifts from those of exfoliated ones. The anomalous Raman shifts depend on CVD growth modes and are attributed to the modified dielectric screening and interlayer coupling of MoS2 in various growth conditions. With repeated CVD growths, we demonstrated the precise control over the layer number of MoS2. A decently large drain current, high ON/OFF ratio of 105, and enhanced field-effect mobility can be achieved in transistors fabricated on the six-layer MoS2.
Detection of LSD and Metabolite in Rat Hair and Human Hair (1996)

To examine the feasibility of detecting lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its metabolites in hair, LSD was administered to rats with pigmented hair at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally once per day for 10 successive days. The rats were shaved just before the first administration, and newly grown hair was collected 4 weeks later. After being washed with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfonate and water and being dried in a desiccator, each 20-mg hair sample was extracted with 2 mliter methanol-5N HCl (20:1) under ultrasonication for 1 h and stored at room temperature for 14 h. The extract was evaporated to dryness, extracted from 0.1M NaOH with dichloromethane, and derivatized with a mixture of trimethylsilylimidazole, bis-(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, and trimethylchlorosilane (3:3:2, v/v/v) for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis using LSD-d10 or lysergic acid methylpropylamide (LAMPA) as the internal standard. Selected ions were monitored at m/z 395, 293, and 279 for TMS-LSD and at m/z 381, 279, and 254 for the trimethylsilyl derivative of N-demethyl-LSD (TMS-norLSD). LSD and norLSD were also detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection (excitation, 315 nm; emission, 420 nm). LSD was detected in the rat hair following the lowest dose (0.05 mg/kg), whereas norLSD was only detectable in the hair following the highest dose (2 mg/kg). The same GC-MS and HPLC assays were applied to the analysis of hair from 17 self-reported LSD users, and LSD was detected in two of the samples.
COIL--Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser: advances in development and applications (2005)

Advantageous features of Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) for laser technologies have increased considerably activities of international COIL communities during past ten years. They have been focused on the advanced concepts of hardware designs of the COIL subsystems, and testing and scaling-up of existing laser facilities. Prospective special applications of COIL technology, both civil and military, have received a significant attention and gained concrete aims. The paper is introduced by a brief description of the COIL operation mechanism and key device subsystems. It deals then with presentation of some investigated advanced concepts of singlet oxygen generators, alternative methods for atomic iodine generation, a mixing and ejector nozzle design to downsize a pressure recovery system, and optical resonators for high power COIL systems. The advanced diagnostics and computational modeling are also mentioned as very useful tools for critical insight into the laser kinetics and fluid dynamics, supporting thus the COIL research. The recent progress in the COIL development moves this laser closer to the application projects that are also briefly presented.
Peptide hormone isoforms:<i>N</i>‐terminally branched PYY3–36 isoforms give improved lipid and fat‐cell metabolism in diet‐induced obese mice (2010)

The prevalence of obesity is increasing with an alarming rate worldwide and there is a need for efficacious satiety drugs. PYY3-36 has been shown to play a role in hypothalamic appetite regulation and novel analogs targeting the Y2 receptor have potential as drugs for the treatment of obesity. We have designed a series of novel PYY3-36 isoforms, by first adding the dipeptide Ile-Lys N-terminal to the N(α) of Ser-13 in PYY13-36 and then anchoring the N-terminal segment, e.g. PYY3-12, to the new Lys N(ε)-amine. We hypothesized that such modifications would alter the folding of PYY, due to changes in the turn motif, which could change the binding mode to the Y receptor sub-types and possibly also alter metabolic stability. In structure-affinity/activity relationship experiments, one series of PYY isoforms displayed equipotency towards the Y receptors. However, an increased Y2 receptor potency for the second series of PYY isoforms resulted in enhanced Y receptor selectivity compared to PYY3-36. Additionally, acute as well as chronic mice studies showed body-weight-lowering effects for one of the PYY isoforms, which was also reflected in a reduction of circulating leptin levels. Interestingly, while the stability and pharmacokinetic profile of PYY3-36 and the N-terminally modified PYY3-36 analogue were identical, only mice treated with the branched analogue showed marked increases in adiponectin levels as well as reductions in non-esterified free fatty acids and triglycerides.
c-Abl and Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential (2017)

Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood, oxidative stress has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, multifaceted and divergent signaling cascades downstream of oxidative stress have posed challenges for researchers to identify a central component of the oxidative stress-induced pathways causing neurodegeneration in PD. Since 2010, c-Abl-a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an indicator of oxidative stress-has shown remarkable potential as a future promising drug target in PD therapeutics. Although, the constitutively active form of c-Abl, Bcr-Abl, has a long history in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, the role of c-Abl in PD and relevant neurodegenerative diseases was completely unknown. Recently, others and we have identified and validated c-Abl as an important pathogenic mediator of the disease, where activated c-Abl emerges as a common link to various PD-related inducers of oxidative stress relevant to both sporadic and familial forms of PD and α-synucleinopathies. This review discusses the role of c-Abl in PD and the latest advancement on c-Abl as a drug target and as a prospective biomarker.
Comparative Study of Monocyte Enumeration by Flow Cytometry: Improved Detection by Combining Monocyte-Related Antibodies with Anti-CD163 (2004)

Monocyte-counting performance by hematological cell counters often lacks satisfactory accuracy and precision. Flow cytometry, the alternative, is a reliable reference method for monocyte enumeration in evaluation of the performance of automated analyzers. The present study was focused on evaluation and optimization of monocyte enumeration by flow cytometry. Fifty blood samples were stained with same-color CD163, CD64, and CD14 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), single or in mixtures, along with different colors of anti-CD45 and anti-CD16. The percentage positive monocytes and their median fluorescence intensity (MFI) were compared between the resulting MoAb combinations. CD163(+)14 increased monocyte detection by 5% compared with CD14 alone. The CD64(+)CD163 mixture resulted in a 6% detection increase relative to CD64 alone. CD64(+)CD14 labeled 2% more monocytes than CD14 and 0.03% more compared with CD64. Combining CD14 with CD163 or CD64 increased MFI 24% and 14% relative to CD14. CD163(+)CD64 increased monocyte MFI 115% compared with CD64. We found that combining same-color antibodies improved monocyte detection, especially when anti-CD163 was added to CD64 or CD14 antibodies. The use of CD163 antibody is the recommended flow cytometric reference method for monocyte counting.
Curtatoxins. Neurotoxic insecticidal polypeptides isolated from the funnel-web spider Hololena curta. (1990)

Three polypeptide neurotoxins (curtatoxins) were isolated from the venom of the spider Hololena curta by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation, and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified toxins induced an immediate paralysis in the cricket Acheta domestica that resulted in desiccation and death of the insect within 24-48 h (LD50 congruent to 4-20 micrograms/g); this toxic effect is consistent with irreversible presynaptic neuromuscular blockade. Curtatoxins are a class of sequence-related, cysteine-rich, carboxyl-terminal amidated polypeptides of 36 to 38 amino acid residues. The cysteine residues are conserved at identical sequence positions among these polypeptides and form 4 intramolecular disulfide bonds. Hydropathy calculations show that the toxins have an internal hydrophobic region flanked by hydrophilic and oppositely charged amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends. By analogy to other cysteine-rich arthropod venom proteins, the folded structure of the curtatoxins is likely important for their target specificity and mode of action at the neuromuscular junction.
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of <i>Streptococcus Suis</i> Isolates (1992)

Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from diseased animals in Quebec and western Canada and from human cases in Europe were tested for their susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents and screened for their plasmid content. Most isolates from Quebec were clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline resistant; animal isolates from western Canada were notably less resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin, whereas human isolates were considerably more susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. More than 60% of isolates had plasmids that ranged from 1.5 to 35 kilobases (kb). Of the 7 plasmid profiles found, 2 were particularly frequent in isolates from Quebec and western Canada, suggesting the presence of epidemic strains in the swine population. A particular plasmid band of about 5 kb was present in most Canadian isolates. When this band was used as a probe in colony and Southern blot hybridization, most isolates harboring the 5-kb plasmid hybridized, even though their plasmid profiles were different. Human isolates from Europe differed in their plasmid content from Canadian isolates of animal origin. Although a high degree of antimicrobial resistance was associated with the presence of plasmids in most isolates, it was not possible to establish a causative relationship.
Review of Intelligent Systems for Engineering: A Knowledge-Based Approach (2000)

Review of Intelligent Systems for Engineering: A Knowledge-Based Approach, Ram D. Sriram, Springer Verlag, 804 pp., 1997, ISBN 3-540-76128-4.
In Vitro Study of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Biodegradable Nanoparticles (1995)

Leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites, responsible for leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis are transmitted via insect vector to vertebrate hosts including humans. The infection was reproduced in vitro with promastigotes which can infect murine resident peritoneal cells. Amphotericin B was incorporated into poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles, biodegradable drug carriers, to allow specific targeting inside the cell. The interaction of the drug with infected cells was determined by exposing macrophage cultures to drug carriers. The toxic effects of polymeric drug carriers were defined prior to exposing cells to drug-loaded nanoparticles. For contact times up to 4h, cells tolerated polymer concentrations of 0.01%. The viability of parasites after treatment was determined. Infected macrophages were incubated at 26 degrees C (which allows the transformation of amastigote to promastigote) along with loaded and unloaded nanoparticles, as well as the free drug alone, and a count of the parasites in the medium was recorded. Anti-leishmanial activity was observed with drug-free nanoparticles. This activity may arise through the release of hydrogen peroxide following the activation of macrophages. The incorporation of amphotericin B did not enhance this effect. Interestingly, trehalose, a cryoprotector of the freeze-dried nanoparticles, altered parasite growth and activated macrophages.
Levitation and torque control of internal permanent magnet type bearingless motor (1996)

A general solution for levitation control applicable to permanent magnet (PM) synchronous and induction type rotating motors is presented. Levitation force is generated by the superposition of P+2 or P-2 pole magnetic flux with the usual motoring magnetic flux (pole number P). PM synchronous motors have the advantage that the control of rotation and levitation are independent, however, the levitation force is weak. Conversely, induction motors produce a strong levitation force, but their efficiency is poor and the control of rotation and levitation are coupled. This paper introduces an internal permanent magnet (IPM) type bearingless motor which has the merits of strong levitation force and relatively easy control properties. A simple experimental apparatus is made to confirm the properties of the proposed motor. The results obtained are discussed in detail.