gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mobile e-commerce solution (2002)

With the popularity of WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), people can do mobile banking, mobile shopping and even access data on the Web via their cellular phones. In the future, there may be some other devices, such as PDAs (personal digital assistants) used by people to do mobile e-commerce, but different devices accept different data formats, and this means that we have to transform everything needed by these devices into many formats. In order to resolve this problem, we introduce an XML-based mobile e-commerce solution.
A Particle Identifier with ΔExE Solid State Detector Counter Telescope (1968)

AΔExE counter telescope is constructed by 110 thick surface barrier S. S. D. as ΔE counter and 2 mm thick Lithuim drifted S. S. D. as E counter. The multiplying operation is performed by a logarithmic adding circuit using the logarithmic characteristics of p-n junction transistor 2SA206. The identrifier system is used to seperate the protons and deuterons in Li^7+He^3 reaction and the good seperation is obtained for energy range from 4 MeV to 15 MeV.
CD40 Ligand‐activated, antigen‐specific B cells are comparable to mature dendritic cells in presenting protein antigens and major histocompatibility complex class I‐ and class II‐binding peptides (2008)

Dendritic cells (DC) are increasingly exploited for cell-based immunotherapy. However, limitations in ex vivo DC growth and DC functional heterogeneity have motivated development of complementary antigen-presenting cell sources. Here, the ability of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-activated B cells to fulfil that role was investigated. We demonstrate for the first time that non-specific or antigen-specific murine B cells can be grown for extended periods of time by stimulation with CD40L. These cells rapidly up-regulate and maintain high levels of co-stimulatory molecules. In a head-to-head comparison with DC, CD40L-expanded B cells were comparable to DC in the presentation of peptides to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While DC were superior to antigen non-specific CD40L-activated B cells with regard to whole protein (NP-BSA) processing and presentation, CD40L-expanded B cells from NP-BSA-immunized mice were comparable to DC when presenting BSA or NP-BSA to primed primary T cells or when presenting NP linked to an unrelated carrier, CGG, to naïve T cells. Thus, the combination of CD40L activation, which supports B-cell growth and augments intracellular protein processing, and antigen uptake via the B-cell receptor, allows for efficient uptake, processing, and presentation of whole protein antigens in a fashion comparable to that observed with mature DC. Like DC, CD40L-activated B cells efficiently home to secondary lymphoid organs in vivo. This system represents a unique tool for studying primary antigen-specific B cells and the results suggest that the outgrowth of large numbers of highly activated B cells represents a viable and practical complement to DC for cell-based immunotherapy.
Removal of Iron(II) from Effluents of Steel Mills Using Chemically Modified Pteris vittata Plant Leaves Utilizing the Idea of Phytoremediation (2022)

Dargai District Malakand, Pakistan, is a tax-free zone that attracts many industrialists to install their plants in this area. Along with other industries, a number of steel mills are polluting the natural environment of this locality. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals levels in steel mills effluents and fabricate an efficient adsorbent from the leaves of plants growing on the banks of the drainage lines of the industries and having high phytoremediation capabilities, through chemical modifications. Initially, the effluents were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations, then the leaves of a plant (Pteris vittata) with better phytoremediation capability were chemically modified. The leaves of Pteris vittata were crushed into a fine powder, followed by chemical modification with HNO3, then washed with distilled water, neutralized with NaOH and finally activated through calcium chloride to enhance its biosorption ability, abbreviated as CMPVL. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area analyzer, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the CMPVL. The modified leaves in the powdered form were then used for the reclamation of Fe(II) present in the effluents of the mentioned industries. Batch biosorption tests were performed under varied physicochemical conditions of pH (2–9), contact time (10–140 min), temperature (293–333 K), biosorbent dose (0.01–0.13 g), and initial metal concentration (20–300 mg L−1) to optimize the removal of the selected metal. Langmuir, Jovanovic, Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkins–Jura isotherm models were used to assess the equilibrium data. With a high R2 value of 0.977, the Langmuir model offered an excellent match to the equilibrium data. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, power function, intraparticle diffusion, and Natarajan–Khalaf models were applied to experimental kinetics data. With R2 values of 0.999, the pseudo-second order model well fitted the obtained data. The Van’t Hoff equation was used to calculate ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° of Fe(II) sorption on CMPVL. The ∆H° and ∆G° were negative, whereas ΔS° was positive, suggesting that the biosorption process was exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. The selected plant leaves were found to be efficient in the reclamation of iron from the industrial effluents (as the plant has a high natural capability for remediating the selected metal ion) after chemical modification and may be used as an alternative to activated carbon as being a low-cost material and a high phytoremediator of iron metal. Such natural phenomena of phytoremediation should be utilized in obtaining efficient adsorbents for other metals as well.
The Monosodium Iodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis Pain in the Rat (2012)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one form of degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, decreased function and is frequently accompanied by chronic pain. Given the success of arthroplasty as a treatment for late-stage OA, there is considerable interest in developing therapies pertaining to the management of pain associated with OA as well as therapies designed to slow or reverse the progression of the disease. To this end, establishment of relevant animal models that are amenable to testing novel therapies is of considerable value to the scientific community. Here, we describe a model of OA-related pain in which progressive joint destruction is induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate into the articular space of the knee of the rat. Further, we describe three different methods to measure pain-related behaviors in this model: hind limb weight bearing, primary mechanical hyperalgesia, and hind limb grip strength.
Generalised wideband ambiguity function of a coherent ultrawideband random noise radar (2003)

A coherent ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar system has been developed and field tested at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL). A heterodyne correlation technique based on a time-delayed and frequency-shifted replica of the transmit waveform is used to inject coherence within this system. The radar's combined range and range rate resolution characteristics were investigated using the generalised wideband ambiguity function. As in the narrowband random noise waveform case, range and range rate resolutions can be controlled independently, the former being inversely related to the transmit bandwidth, while the latter is inversely related to the bandwidth of the integrating filter. It is also shown that UWB waveforms are not suitable for accurate range rate estimation due to the extended Doppler-spread parameter, i.e. the product of the transmit bandwidth and the target range rate, unless the correlator is matched in the delay rate as well.
A New Class of Chiral Phosphazene Bases: Synthesis and Characterization (2006)

Abstract Chiral examples of phosphazene bases 2a – c were synthesized by treatment of ( S )‐2‐(dialkylaminomethyl)pyrrolidine 1a – c , derived from 5‐oxo‐( S )‐proline, with phosphorus pentachloride and subsequent addition of gaseous ammonia. The phosphazenes 2a – c were isolated as HBF 4 salts in high yields and fully characterized by 1 H, 13 C and 31 P NMR spectroscopy, various 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry (EI). The molecular structure and the absolute configuration of the salts 2a – c· HBF 4 were determined by X‐ray analysis. DFT calculations indicate that 2a is more basic than the Schwesinger base P 1 by approximately nine p K a units. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CORAL TISSUE BIOMASS AND COMPOSITION1 (1970)

Fine jets of water can be used to remove coral tissue quantitatively from skeleton in a form suitable for a variety of chemical analyses, including that of total organic carbon.
Beyond the PIN: Enhancing user authentication for mobile devices (2008)

There is now an increasing need for an enhanced level of user authentication on mobile devices. In this article, Steven Furnell, Nathan Clarke and Sevasti Karazouni begin by examining the existing provision, which is dominated by PIN and password-based approaches. They established that these may be both inconvenient and inadequate for securing modern devices and services. Mobile devices have changed significantly over the last decade, in terms of both their form factor and underlying capabilities. The introduction of third generation (3G) technologies has provided the underlying mechanism for a wide variety of innovative data-orientated services, with approximately one million users every day adopting these new features.1
Heliostat Canting and Focusing Methods: An Overview and Comparison (2010)

A central receiver power tower system consists of a field of heliostats that focus the sunlight onto the receiver on the tower. Heliostats typically consist of an array of mirror facets that track the sun throughout the day. To obtain the optimal concentrated solar flux on the receiver, the individual heliostat facets must be properly canted and focused. Several different methods have been used in the past for facet canting and focusing. These demonstrated methods and some new alignment concepts are under consideration for development and alignment of the 218 heliostats at the Sandia National Laboratories National Solar Thermal Test Facility in Albuquerque, NM. In this paper, we provide an overview and comparison of the different methods. The methods we consider are the gauge blocks, inclinometers, photogrammetry, fringe reflection, imaging with theoretical image overlays, laser beam projections, camera look-back, and target reflection methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each alignment method are identified based on several prescribed criteria for aligning the heliostats. Recommendations regarding the alignment method’s potential for efficiently and accurately aligning heliostat fields are provided.
REPLICA: A Bitstream Manipulation Filter for Module Relocation in Partial Reconfigurable Systems (2005)

The feature of partial reconfiguration provided by currently available field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) makes it possible to change hardware modules while others keep working. The combination of this feature and the high gate capacity enables the integration of dynamic systems that can be adapted to changing demands during runtime. Placing the dynamically changing modules along a horizontal communication infrastructure does not only provide communication facilities it also enables the relocation of pre-synthesized modules by bitstream manipulations. The exact placement of an incoming module is determined according to the current resource allocation, which results in an online placement problem. In order to prevent any extra configuration overhead for the relocation process, we developed the REPLICA (relocation per online configuration alteration) filter, which is capable of performing the necessary bitstream manipulations during the regular download process. The filter architecture, a configuration manager and an evaluation example are presented in this paper.
Differential Absorption Lidar measurements of stratospheric ozone at ALOMAR: First results (1995)

Since December 1994, the Norwegian ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) has been operational at ALOMAR (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research) at Andenes, Norway. This paper describes the lidar system. In January and February 1995 a calibration and validation campaign was performed, and the first data from the new ozone DIAL instrument are presented. In-situ ozone measurements from three Vaisala balloon sondes, all launched from Andenes, provide data for comparison with simultaneously observed lidar profiles. The two techniques are in agreement. The lidar is capable of high resolution in height and time, which makes it especially suitable for studying the dynamic effects near the edge of the polar vortex. 3 refs., 10 figs.
Protein kinase C is involved in 2B4 (CD244)‐mediated cytotoxicity and AP‐1 activation in natural killer cells (2003)

2B4 (CD244) is a member of the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily and functions as a triggering molecule on natural killer (NK) cells. Previously, we have found that 2B4-mediated activation of NK cells involves complex interactions involving LAT, Ras, Raf, ERK and p38 and that cytolytic function and cytokine production may be regulated by distinct pathways. Here we assessed the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in 2B4-mediated cytotoxicity of YT cells, a human NK cell line. Our data indicate that PKC-delta is activated upon stimulation with monoclonal antibody against 2B4. Treatment with the PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (Gö6850), of YT cells or YT cells depleted of Ca2+-dependent isoforms of PKC prior to 2B4 stimulation, resulted in inhibition of natural cytotoxicity and redirected antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, inhibition of PKC failed to block 2B4 stimulation of interferon-gamma secretion as opposed to pretreatment with LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. We also examined the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induction on 2B4 gene transcription. PMA induction resulted in a more than two-fold increase of 2B4 transcription. However, when we introduced a three-base substitution mutation to disrupt the activator protein-1 binding site at (-106 to -100) in the 2B4 promoter, we found complete loss of transcriptional activity, including the two-fold increase due to PMA induction of PKC. The present study indicated that PKC may play an important role in 2B4 signalling and activator protein-1 activation.
The Impact of Adjacent Channel Interference in Multi-Radio Systems using IEEE 802.11 (2008)

A promising approach for improving the capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks is by making use of multiple non-overlapping RF channels. Multi-channel protocols have the advantage that several devices can transmit in parallel within a collision domain on distinct channels. When using IEEE 802.11b/g/a most protocol designers assume 3 and 12 non-overlapping channels, respectively. However, this simplified assumption does not hold. We present results from measurements that show that the number of available non-interfering channels depends on the antenna separation, PHY modulation, RF band, traffic pattern and whether single- or multi-radio systems are used. The problem is caused by adjacent channel interference (ACI) where nearby transmitters "bleed over" to other frequencies and either cause spurious carrier sensing or frame corruption. For nearby transceivers, as in the factory defaults of multi-radio devices, this results in at most two non- interfering channels, one within 2.4 GHz and the other within the 5 GHz band. Only if the distance between the antennas is increased, non-interfering channels within the bands themselves become available. Moreover, our comparison of single- and multi- radio systems allows us to isolate ACI from board crosstalk and radiation leakage of which only the multi-radio systems seem to suffer. Finally, we show how a packet-level simulator can be improved to realistically incorporate ACI. With the help of this simulator more confident statements about the performance of various multi-channel protocols can be made.
PHYSIOLOGICAL GENETICS OF MELANOTIC TUMORS IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>. VI. THE TUMORIGENIC EFFECTS OF JUVENILE HORMONE-LIKE SUBSTANCES (1969)

ENETICALLY determined melanotic tumors of Drosophila arise by the ag-Ggregation and subsequent melanisation of blood cells during larval life.They persist into the adult stage as apparently inert masses which either float freely in the haemolymph, or are associated with the fat body.The blood cells chiefly involved in tumorigenesis are the lamellocytes ("spindle cells") , which are derived by a transformation from the predominant blood cells, the plasmatocytes (OF- TEDAL 1953;RIZKI 1960;SANG and BURNET 1963).RIZKI (1960) found that this transformation occurs in wild-type strains at about the time of metamorphosis, and he produced evidence to show that the transformation is under hormonal control.He showed that melanotic tumor strains are characterized by a premature blood cell transformation, and suggested that the metabolic defect underlying tumorigenesis may be in the hormonal system which controls metamorphosis.Support for this hypothesis comes from the finding that, in tumorous strains, tumor frequency can be altered by interfering with hormonal function by means
A Higher Order Collective Classifier for detecting and classifying network events (2009)

Labeled data is scarce. Most statistical machine learning techniques rely on the availability of a large labeled corpus for building robust models for prediction and classification. In this paper we present a Higher Order Collective Classifier (HOCC) based on higher order learning, a statistical machine learning technique that leverages latent information present in co-occurrences of items across records. These techniques violate the IID assumption that underlies most statistical machine learning techniques and have in prior work outperformed first order techniques in the presence of very limited data. We present results of applying HOCC to two different network data sets, first for detection and classification of anomalies in a border gateway protocol dataset and second for building models of users from network file system calls to perform masquerade detection. The precision of our system has been shown to be 30% better than the standard Naive Bayes technique for masquerade detection. These results indicate that HOCC can successfully model a variety of network events and can be applied to solve difficult problems in security using the general framework proposed.
ISOLATION OF THE VACCINE STRAIN OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS FROM MOSQUITOES IN LOUISIANA (1972)

Journal Article ISOLATION OF THE VACCINE STRAIN OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS FROM MOSQUITOES IN LOUISIANA Get access CARL E. PEDERSEN, JR., CARL E. PEDERSEN, JR. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID M. ROBINSON, DAVID M. ROBINSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRANCIS E. COLE, JR. FRANCIS E. COLE, JR. 1U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious DiseasesFrederick, Maryland 21701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 95, Issue 5, May 1972, Pages 490–496, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121416 Published: 01 May 1972 Article history Received: 14 December 1971 Published: 01 May 1972
Attribution Theory and Advertising Effectiveness (1980)

Journal Article Attribution Theory and Advertising Effectiveness Get access Richard M. Sparkman, Jr., Richard M. Sparkman, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William B. Locander William B. Locander Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, December 1980, Pages 219–224, https://doi.org/10.1086/208810 Published: 01 December 1980 Article history Received: 01 August 1979 Revision received: 01 July 1980 Published: 01 December 1980
6-DoF model-based tracking of arbitrarily shaped 3D objects (2011)

Image-based 6-DoF pose estimation of arbitrarily shaped 3D objects based on their shape is a rarely studied problem. Most existing image-based methods for pose estimation either exploit textural information in form of local features or, if shape-based, rely on the extraction of straight line segments or other primitives. Straight-forward extensions of 2D approaches are potentially more general, but in practice assume a limited range of possible view angles. The general problem is that a 3D object can potentially produce completely different 2D projections depending on its relative pose to the observing camera. One way to reduce the solution space is to exploit temporal information, i.e. perform tracking. Again, existing model-based tracking approaches rely on relatively simple object geometries. In this paper, we propose a particle filter based tracking approach that can deal with arbitrary shapes and arbitrary or even no texture, i.e. it offers a general solution to the rigid object tracking problem. As our approach can deal with occlusions, it is in particular of interest in the context of goal-directed imitation learning involving the observation of object manipulations. Results of simulation experiments as well as real-world experiments with different object types prove the practical applicability of our approach.
Monotherapy with hMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors and secondary prevention in coronary artery disease (1996)

Although thrombolytic drugs, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass grafting have provided major advances in the treatment of coronary artery disease, the use of lipid-lowering drugs for secondary prevention has significantly reduced cardiovascular events in the population with coronary artery disease. Secondary prevention trials using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors include the Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS), the Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS), the Canadian Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (CCAIT), the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS), the Multi Anti-Atheroma Study (MAAS), the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), the Pravastatin Limitation of Atherosclerosis in Coronary Arteries (PLAC I), the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS), the Pravastatin Multinational Study, and the Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in Carotids (PLAC II). Mean changes from baseline of lipid fractions in these trials included: total cholesterol 18 to 35% reduction; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 26 to 46% reduction; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 5 to 15% increase; and triglyceride 7 to 22% reduction. Angiographic regression or lack of progression was statistically demonstrated in the FATS, MARS, CCAIT, MAAS, PLAC I, and REGRESS trials. Cardiovascular events decreased 25 to 92% in all trials, and there was a significant reduction in both cardiovascular and total mortality in the 4S. The greater reduction in cardiovascular events than in anatomic changes suggests that the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors stabilized the surface of plaques. Monotherapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors provides the clinical opportunity to modify the natural history of coronary artery disease.