gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Online Personalized Recommendation Model Based on Bayesian Networks (2007)

It is one of an important method of using Bayesian networks in electronic commercial recommended system. But the models of Bayesian networks for describing recommended system have a problem that it could not learn online. The paper puts forward an online personalized recommended model based on Bayesian networks. The paper uses a partial ordering to represent previous structure and find posterior distributions of every node on the orders to realize online structure learning. It also uses a correctional function to revise log likelihood for online parameter learning. The experiment shows that the model can be learned online for personalized recommended system.
Comparison of several classification algorithms for gender recognition from face images (2012)

This paper presents a comparison between several algorithms which were employed for gender recognition automatically. Firstly, the face images of various mature women and men samples were gathered, and face images were separated as train dataset and test dataset. Both of the datasets were pre-processed and made ready for following operations. Secondly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to train dataset to extract the most distinguishing features. Finally, three classification algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbourhood (k-NN), and Multivariate Classification with Multivariate Gauss Distribution (MCMGD) algorithms were implemented and compared to determine the most suitable and successful algorithm for gender recognition from face images. Experimental results illustrate that k-NN with k values 5, 7, 9 outperformed the other approaches.
Resonance fringes in the two-photon absorption with a Doppler shift (1980)

The two-photon absorption initiated by two coherent beams is considered. It is shown that the resonance fringe variation, which appeared in the Doppler-free two-photon absorption of pulsed laser beams, can also be observed in absorption with a Doppler shift.
Cell-cell interaction in graft rejection responses: induction of anti-allo-class I H-2 tolerance is prevented by immune responses against allo-class II H-2 antigens coexpressed on tolerogen. (1992)

The intravenous sensitization of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with class I H-2-disparate B6-C-H-2bm1 (bm1) spleen cells results in almost complete abrogation of anti-bm1 CD8+ helper (proliferative and interleukin 2-producing) T cell (Th) activities. Although an appreciable portion of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors themselves remained after this regimen, such a residual CTL activity was eliminated after the engrafting of bm1 grafts, and these grafts exhibited prolonged survival. In contrast, the intravenous sensitization with (bm1 x B6-C-H-2bm12 [bm12])F1 cells instead of bm1 cells failed to induce the prolongation of bm1 graft survival as well as bm12 and (bm1 x bm12)F1 graft survival. In the (bm1 x bm12)F1-presensitized B6 mice before as well as after the engrafting of bm1 grafts, anti-bm1 CTL responses that were comparable to or slightly stronger than those observed in unpresensitized mice were induced in the absence of anti-bm1 Th activities. bm1 graft survival was also prolonged by intravenous presensitization with a mixture of bm1 and bm12 cells but not with a mixture of bm1 and (bm1 x bm12)F1 cells. The capacity of CD4+ T cells to reject bm12 grafts was eliminated by intravenous presensitization with antigen-presenting cell (APC)-depleted bm12 spleen cells. However, intravenous presensitization with APC-depleted (bm1 x bm12)F1 cells failed to induce the prolongation of bm1 graft survival under conditions in which appreciably prolonged bm12 graft survival was induced. More surprisingly, bm1 graft survival was not prolonged even when the (bm1 x bm12)F1 cell presensitization was performed in CD4+ T cell-depleted B6 mice. This contrasted with the fact that conventional class I-disparate grafts capable of activating self Ia-restricted CD4+ as well as allo-class I-reactive CD8+ Th exhibited prolonged survival in CD4+ T cell-depleted, class I-disparate cell-presensitized mice. These results indicate that: (a) intravenous presensitization with class I- and II-disparate cells fails to reduce anti-allo-class I rejection responses that would otherwise be eliminated using only class I-disparate cells; (b) such failure is generated according to the coexpression of both classes of alloantigens on a single cell as tolerogen; and (c) allo-class II antigens coexpressed on tolerogen function to activate CD4+ as well as non-CD4+ Th leading to the generation of anti-class I effector T cell responses.
Regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and urokinase by hyaluronan fragments in mouse macrophages (2000)

Pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis are characterized by increased turnover and production of the extracellular matrix as well as an impairment of lung fibrinolytic activity. Although fragments of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan induce macrophage production of inflammatory mediators, the effect of hyaluronan on the fibrinolytic mediators plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is unknown. This study demonstrates that hyaluronan fragments augment steady-state mRNA, protein, and inhibitory activity of PAI-1 as well as diminish the baseline levels of uPA mRNA and inhibit uPA activity in an alveolar macrophage cell line. Hyaluronan fragments alter macrophage expression of PAI-1 and uPA at the level of gene transcription. Similarly, hyaluronan fragments augment PAI-1 and diminish uPA mRNA levels in freshly isolated inflammatory alveolar macrophages from bleomycin-treated rats. These data suggest that hyaluronan fragments influence alveolar macrophage expression of PAI-1 and uPA and may be a mechanism for regulating fibrinolytic activity during lung inflammation.
The problem of logical-form equivalence (1993)

this paper, I review the problem, and attempt to highlight certain salient aspects of it that have been lost in the pursuing of solutions, in order to reconcile the apparently contradictory claims of the problem&apos;s intractability and its resolution. 2 Review of Natural-Language Generation
How Smart Is Your Home? (2012)

Technical advances are bringing intelligent homes that respond to residents' needs and wishes within reach.
On the Need for Training Failure Prediction Algorithms in Evolving Software Systems (2014)

Failure prediction is a promising technique to improve dependability of computer systems, in particular when it is important to foresee incoming failures and take corrective actions to avoid downtime or data corruption. Failure prediction is especially adequate in long running systems where internal errors accumulate and eventually lead to failures. The problem is that such systems do evolve. The workload and even the system itself changes over time, and this may affect the performance of the failure predictor. However, training failure prediction algorithms is a complex and time-consuming task and should be performed only when needed. Thus, it is important to understand if a system change affects prediction performance, to avoid running the target system with an ineffective predictor and prevent unnecessary retraining efforts. In this work we study the performance of a failure predictor when used to forecast failures in a web-serving system subject to successive updates. We observe and analyze the variation of performance in terms of ROC-AUC using fault injection and virtualization for the generation of the data needed for the assessment. Our results suggest that re-training is indeed necessary.
Current data with pemetrexed (Alimta) in non-small-cell lung cancer. (2003)

Pemetrexed (Alimta ) is a novel multitargeted antifolate that inhibits 3 enzymes involved in folate metabolism and purine and pyrimidine synthesis. These enzymes are thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase. This agent has broad antitumor activity in phase II trials in a wide variety of solid tumors. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), single-agent activity has been documented in the first- and second-line settings. Promising activity has also been demonstrated when pemetrexed is combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine. A pivotal phase III study in mesothelioma has been presented, indicating the superiority of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in this disease. Approval for pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin in advanced mesothelioma is expected within the next 12 months. This review discusses the activity of pemetrexed in NSCLC.
Cell free translation in engineered picoliter volume containers (2009)

Engineers seek to use biological design principles to manipulate information and import new functionality to synthetic devices. Such devices inspired by natural systems could, in turn, play a crucial role in allowing biologists to explore the effects of physical transport and extreme conditions of temperature and pH on reaction systems. For example, engineered reaction containers can be physically and chemically defined to control the flux of molecules of different sizes and charge. The design and testing of such a container is described here. It has a volume of 19pL with defined slits of 200nm. The device successfully contained DNA and protein molecules and is evaluated for carrying out cell-free protein synthesis. The effect of DNA concentration and slit size on protein yield is discussed.
<i>EGFR</i> Tyrosine Kinase Domain Mutations Are Detected in Histologically Normal Respiratory Epithelium in Lung Cancer Patients (2005)

To determine whether EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutations are early events in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinomas, we tested for the presence of EGFR mutations in histologically normal bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia from lung adenocarcinomas bearing the common EGFR mutations. DNA was extracted from microdissected tissue obtained from 21 tumors with known EGFR mutations, 16 tumors without mutation, and 90 sites of normal bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium from the same surgical specimens. With the use of PCR and direct DNA sequencing, EGFR mutations identical to the tumors were detected in the normal respiratory epithelium in 9 of 21 (43%) patients with EGFR mutant adenocarcinomas but none in patients without mutation in the tumors. The finding of mutations being more frequent in normal epithelium within tumor (43%) than in adjacent sites (24%) suggests a localized field effect phenomenon. Our findings indicate that mutation of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR is an early event in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinomas, and suggest EGFR mutations as an early detection marker and chemoprevention target.
Abolished angiogenicity and tumorigenicity of Burkitt lymphoma by interleukin-10 (2000)

Because of its immunosuppressive properties, interleukin-10 (IL-10) is thought to play an important role in a number of human disease states, including inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection. In this study, we demonstrate that introduction of human or viral IL-10 genes into Burkitt's lymphoma cells markedly reduced their ability to grow as subcutaneous (sc) tumors in SCID mice. In vivo assays for angiogenesis revealed an inhibition of the angiogenic capacity of the IL-10-transfected lines. Recombinant human IL-10 abolished and viral IL-10 reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165-induced neovascularization. Furthermore, IL-10 blocked the VEGF- and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2-induced proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. The current observations suggest a direct role for IL-10 in the prevention of angiogenesis in human lymphoid malignancies.
A Real-Time Algorithm for the Correction of Brightband Effects in Radar-Derived QPE (2010)

Abstract The bright band (BB) is a layer of enhanced reflectivity due to melting of aggregated snow and ice crystals. The locally high reflectivity causes significant overestimation in radar precipitation estimates if an appropriate correction is not applied. The main objective of the current study is to develop a method that automatically corrects for large errors due to BB effects in a real-time national radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product. An approach that combines the mean apparent vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) computed from a volume scan of radar reflectivity observations and an idealized linear VPR model was used for computational efficiency. The methodology was tested for eight events from different regions and seasons in the United States. The VPR correction was found to be effective and robust in reducing overestimation errors in radar-derived QPE, and the corrected radar precipitation fields showed physically continuous distributions. The correction worked consistently well for radars in flat land regions because of the relatively uniform spatial distributions of the BB in those areas. For radars in mountainous regions, the performance of the correction is mixed because of limited radar visibility in addition to large spatial variations of the vertical precipitation structure due to underlying topography.
Innate immunity and the biological relevance of the acquired immune response (1999)

Innate immunity has been considered to be a semi-obsolescent hold-over from invertebrate immunity that had been largely superseded by the acquired (adaptive) immune system of vertebrates. Recently, however, it has become apparent that innate immunity collaborates with acquired immunity to create an effective anti-microbial immune response. This realization may enhance our understanding of host–pathogen interactions and auto-immune disease, and facilitate the development of vaccines. This editorial reviews some of the findings that have led to this new perspective on innate immunity.

The immune system of vertebrates has been conceptually divided into two parts, innate and acquired immunity. There are many distinguishing features of the two systems, but the essential difference is genetic. The recognition proteins of the former are encoded in the germline, having evolved in invertebrates for the purpose of host defence against infection. They have been selected for their ability to recognize micro-organisms that pose risks to the host, and to initiate appropriate defensive reactions. In short, innate immunity provides evolutionary information on the biological correlates of structures with which its receptors interact; that is, these structures are likely to be associated with infectious organisms. However, innate immunity has the drawbacks of being able to recognize only the relatively few microbial structures that are highly conserved, and of being unable to evolve as rapidly as do micro-organisms.

The receptors of acquired immunity, which are the antigen receptors of T and B lymphocytes, have overcome these problems by not being encoded in the germline. Rather, they are products of somatically rearranging elements, the V, D and J segments of T-cell receptor and antibody genes. This remarkable capability, which occurred suddenly with the evolution of vertebrates approximately 400 million years ago, creates an enormous repertoire of antigen-binding structures. Yet, the somatic generation of their genes has the …
Dissociation between the Experience-Dependent Development of Hippocampal Theta Sequences and Single-Trial Phase Precession (2015)

Theta sequences are circuit-level activity patterns produced when groups of hippocampal place cells fire in sequences that reflect a compressed behavioral order of place fields within each theta cycle. The high temporal coordination between place cells exhibited in theta sequences is compatible with the induction of synaptic plasticity and has been proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying the encoding of episodic memory of recently acquired experience. Yet how theta sequences develop with experience has not been directly addressed. Here we simultaneously recorded large numbers of cells in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area from rats exploring on a novel linear track. Although place cell firing activities accurately represented the animal's current location, distinct theta sequences were absent on the first lap but emerged immediately thereafter and remained stable once established. The absence of theta sequences on the first lap was not due to place field instability, decreased overall excitability of place cells, behavior variables, or the absence of individual neuronal phase precession. We observed strong single-lap phase precession in a significant percentage of place fields on the first lap and throughout the recording. Individual neuronal phase precession was stable from the first lap to subsequent laps but, across neurons, phase precession became more synchronized after experience, suggesting a novel mechanism for the generation of theta sequences. These results suggest that experience-independent temporal coding in individual neurons is combined with rapid plasticity of hippocampal neural networks during experience to acquire predictive representations of the immediate future.
Progress made in understanding alcoholism (1975)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTProgress made in understanding alcoholismWARD WORTHYView Author Information C&EN ChicagoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1975, 53, 19, 18–20Publication Date (Print):May 12, 1975Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 12 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v053n019.p018https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v053n019.p018newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1975 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Lithium Get e-Alerts
Novel shooting algorithm for highly efficient analysis of fiber Raman amplifiers (2006)

An efficient and stable algorithm based on the simple-shooting method to solve the fiber Raman-amplifier (FRA) equations is proposed and numerically demonstrated. In the algorithm, the conventional Newton-Raphson method is substituted by a more efficient and stable modified Newton method to serve as the correction mechanism in the shooting iterations. By introducing the Broyden's rank-one method into the modified Newton method, the time-consuming calculation of the Jacobian matrix is dramatically relieved, and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is further remarkably improved. An effective initial-guess-providing technique for the shooting method has also been proposed. Simulation results show that the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is improved more than three times compared with those of the previously reported methods. This algorithm can be used in the design of various kinds of FRAs to predict their gain and noise performance accurately.
Applications of Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomics in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2004)

The number of reports investigating disease susceptibility based on the carriage of low-penetrance, high-frequency polymorphisms has steadily increased over the last years. Evidence based on meta-analyses of individual case-control studies is accumulating, defining specific individual variations in disease susceptibility. For example, genetic variations of the estradiol metabolism have been described as significant contributors to disease susceptibility with variations depending on ethnic background. In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, the genetic contribution of polymorphic markers to a series of disorders has been characterized. These disorders include recurrent pregnancy loss, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, breast cancer, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-related complications such as thrombosis. Among other genetic markers, thrombophilic genetic variants, such as the Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A polymorphisms, as well as genetic variants of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, for example, CYP19 and CYP1B1, have been established as genetic risk markers and disease modifiers of recurrent and sporadic pregnancy loss and HRT-independent and -dependent breast cancer, respectively. In addition, meta-analyses of data in the literature established the TGFBR1*6A, GSTP I105V, and TP53 R72P polymorphisms, as well as the GSTM1 gene deletion as low-penetrance genetic risk factors of sporadic breast cancer. With respect to genetic modulation of therapeutic effects, beneficial effects of estrogen replacement therapy and HRT are modulated by the carriage of single nucleotide polymorphisms, for example, osteoprotection and blood lipid changes by the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-a) PvuII polymorphism. Polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), ER-alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and Factor V genes have been demonstrated to modulate the timing of natural menopause. Lastly, a strong genetic contribution of polymorphisms to the development and the clinical course of endometriosis has been established with data pointing to polymorphisms of the COMT, GST, NAT-2, and ER-alpha genes as susceptibility markers. In summary, the available evidence points to a number of polymorphisms of a wide variety of genes as strong hereditary determinants of the susceptibility to benign and malignant gynecologic and obstetric conditions.
Modification of a thermoplastic elastomer gel through the addition of an endblock-selective homopolymer (1999)

Addition of a midblock-selective oil to an ABA triblock copolymer with a rubbery B-midblock and thermoplastic A-endblocks yields a thermoplastic elastomer gel (TPEG) if the oil constitutes the majority blend constituent and a physically crosslinked network, responsible for solid-like mechanical properties, is retained. These blends typically exhibit a micellar morphology in which the micellar cores are composed of the oil-incompatible A-endblocks. Since the micelles serve as crosslink sites, the properties of TPEGs depend on (i) the intrinsic characteristics of the solid-state endblocks, and (ii) the degree to which the micelles interact through bridged and looped midblocks. In this work, a poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] triblock copolymer and an aliphatic oil are used to prepare TPEGs into which poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) (PPO), a styrene-compatible homopolymer, is added. The morphologies and bulk properties of these ternary systems are examined by electron microscopy, viscometry, and dynamic rheology. A slight increase in the PPO content in these TPEGs promotes increases in micelle size, confirming that the PPO primarily resides within the micelles, and disordering temperature, signified by an abrupt change in rheological properties. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1863–1872, 1999