gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinning Hierarchical Gold Nanowire Microfibers by Shear Alignment and Intermolecular Self-Assembly (2017)

Hierarchical structures lend strength to natural fibers made of soft nanoscale building blocks. Intermolecular interactions connect the components at different levels of hierarchy, distribute stresses, and guarantee structural integrity under load. Here, we show that synthetic ultrathin gold nanowires with interacting ligand shells can be spun into biomimetic, free-standing microfibers. A solution spinning process first aligns the wires, then lets their ligand shells interact, and finally converts them into a hierarchical superstructure. The resulting fiber contained 80 vol % organic ligand but was strong enough to be removed from the solution, dried, and mechanically tested. Fiber strength depended on the wire monomer alignment. Shear in the extrusion nozzle was systematically changed to obtain process-structure-property relations. The degree of nanowire alignment changed breaking stresses by a factor of 1.25 and the elongation at break by a factor of 2.75. Plasma annealing of the fiber to form a solid metal shell decreased the breaking stress by 65%.
A Bax-Induced Pro-Oxidant State Is Critical for Cytochrome<i>c</i>Release during Programmed Neuronal Death (2002)

Bax is required for the apoptotic death of sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF). After NGF withdrawal, Bax translocates from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria of these cells and induces release of the proapoptotic protein cytochrome c. Here, we report that withdrawing NGF from mouse sympathetic neurons caused an increase of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Suppressing these ROS inhibited apoptosis. Bax deletion blocked death and prevented the ROS burst. Inducing a pro-oxidant state similar to that in NGF-deprived, wild-type cells caused cytochrome c release even in neurons lacking Bax. A similar ROS burst in cerebellar granule neurons undergoing apoptosis was also blocked by Bax deletion. These findings indicate that Bax lies upstream from increased ROS in NGF-deprived neurons and suggest that the Bax-induced ROS burst is both necessary and sufficient for cytochrome c redistribution in these cells.
The Calcimimetic R-467 Potentiates Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β Cells by Activation of a Nonspecific Cation Channel (2000)

The extracellular, G protein-linked Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR), first identified in the parathyroid gland, is expressed in several tissues and cells and can be activated by Ca(2+) and some other inorganic cations and organic polycations. Calcimimetics such as NPS (R)-N-(3-phenylpropyl)-alpha-methyl-3-methoxybenzylamine hydrochloride (R-467), a phenylalkylamine, are thought to activate CaSR by allosterically increasing the affinity of the receptor for Ca(2+). When tested for its effect on insulin release in C57BL/6 mice, R-467 had no effect under basal conditions but enhanced both phases of glucose-stimulated release. The betaHC9 cell also responded to R-467 and to the enantiomer S-467 with a stimulation of insulin release. In subsequent studies with the betaHC9 cell, it was found that the stimulatory effect was due to activation of a nonspecific cation channel, depolarization of the beta-cell, and increased Ca(2+) entry. No other stimulatory mechanism was uncovered. The depolarization of the cell induced by the calcimimetic could be due to a direct action on the channel or via the CaSR. However, it appeared not to be mediated by G(i), G(o), G(q/11), or G(s). The novel mode of action of the calcimimetic, combined with the glucose-dependence of the stimulation on islets, raises the possibility of a totally new class of drugs that will stimulate insulin secretion during hyperglycemia but which will not cause hypoglycemia.
Color Constancy with Spatio-Spectral Statistics (2011)

We introduce an efficient maximum likelihood approach for one part of the color constancy problem: removing from an image the color cast caused by the spectral distribution of the dominating scene illuminant. We do this by developing a statistical model for the spatial distribution of colors in white balanced images (i.e., those that have no color cast), and then using this model to infer illumination parameters as those being most likely under our model. The key observation is that by applying spatial band-pass filters to color images one unveils color distributions that are unimodal, symmetric, and well represented by a simple parametric form. Once these distributions are fit to training data, they enable efficient maximum likelihood estimation of the dominant illuminant in a new image, and they can be combined with statistical prior information about the illuminant in a very natural manner. Experimental evaluation on standard data sets suggests that the approach performs well.
Modeling, analysis, and visualization of left ventricle shape and motion by hierarchical decomposition (1994)

This paper presents an approach to the modeling, analysis, and visualization of left ventricle motion and deformation. The authors' modeling of left ventricle shape and motion as a hierarchical representation enables them to develop a promising noninvasive technique for monitoring heart dynamics where both image analysis and image synthesis are involved. The proposed hierarchical motion model of left ventricle is constructed by combining several existing simple models and is able to capture major motion and deformation components of the left ventricle. The hierarchical decomposition characterizes the left ventricle motion and deformation in a coarse-to-fine fashion and leads to computationally efficient estimation algorithms. The authors estimate the global rigid motion of the left ventricle by establishing a time-varying object-centered coordinate system. The global deformations of the left ventricle are obtained by fitting the given data to superquadric modeling primitives. The local deformations are estimated by a tensor-description approach that is based on the locally deformable surface obtained by constructing spherical harmonic local surface from the residues of global shape estimation. The authors also describe in this paper methods of image synthesis and dynamic animation for visualizing the estimated results of the time-varying left ventricle shape, motion, and deformations. These animation results are consistent with the apparent motion pattern of the left ventricle and therefore show the success of the authors' hierarchical decomposition based approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Derivation of an expression for the conductivity of superconductors in terms of the normal-state conductivity (1983)

Recent experiments performed by Karecki et al. show that an expression for the conductivity of superconductors containing impurities, developed by the author but never published, describes well the behavior of stong-coupling superconductors. We present here a derivation of that expression.
Monovalent Permeability, Rectification, and Ionic Block of Store-operated Calcium Channels in Jurkat T Lymphocytes (1998)

We used whole-cell recording to characterize ion permeation, rectification, and block of monovalent current through calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels in Jurkat T lymphocytes. Under physiological conditions, CRAC channels exhibit a high degree of selectivity for Ca2+, but can be induced to carry a slowly declining Na+ current when external divalent ions are reduced to micromolar levels. Using a series of organic cations as probes of varying size, we measured reversal potentials and calculated permeability ratios relative to Na+, PX/PNa, in order to estimate the diameter of the conducting pore. Ammonium (NH4+) exhibited the highest relative permeability (PNH4/PNa = 1.37). The largest permeant ion, tetramethylammonium with a diameter of 0.55 nm, had PTMA/PNa of 0.09. N-methyl-d-glucamine (0.50 × 0.64 × 1.20 nm) was not measurably permeant. In addition to carrying monovalent current, NH4+ reduced the slow decline of monovalent current (“inactivation”) upon lowering [Ca2+]o. This kinetic effect of extracellular NH4+ can be accounted for by an increase in intracellular pH (pHi), since raising intracellular pH above 8 reduced the extent of inactivation. In addition, decreasing pHi reduced monovalent and divalent current amplitudes through CRAC channels with a pKa of 6.8. In several channel types, Mg2+ has been shown to produce rectification by a voltage-dependent block mechanism. Mg2+ removal from the pipette solution permitted large outward monovalent currents to flow through CRAC channels while also increasing the channel's relative Cs+ conductance and eliminating the inactivation of monovalent current. Boltzmann fits indicate that intracellular Mg2+ contributes to inward rectification by blocking in a voltage-dependent manner, with a zδ product of 1.88. Ca2+ block from the outside was also found to be voltage dependent with zδ of 1.62. These experiments indicate that the CRAC channel, like voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, achieves selectivity for Ca2+ by selective binding in a large pore with current–voltage characteristics shaped by internal Mg2+.
Mutualism Systems of Six Fig Species(Ficus spp.) and Their Fig Wasps in Fujian Pronivce (2003)

The fig-pollinator mutualism system is maintained by the reproductive relationships.In the way of dissecting syconia,and using statistics and comparative observation,diversity of pollination system of six species of figs in the northeast of Fujian and their mutual insects are studied.The result shows that flowers of the six figs can be divided into female flower,gall flower,male flower,and bisexual flower.The sex expression of the individuals of each fig species including dioecism and gynodioecy.The female and gall flowers have or have not pedicel (pistil stem) single-layer or double-layer range.The male flowers have distributive forms of dispersively-living,semi-collectively-living and collectively-living.There is difference in size of syconia,the number of flowers,the number of scales and distributing area of their function,and the form of forming outlet holes,which has homologous behavior of fig wasps.Each fig species usually has one kind of pollination insect,and the six fig species and their pollination insects respectively form their own independent pollination systems.It is obvious that such pollination systems have rich diversity.Each mutualism system has different choices of evolution to pollinating biology's character.This reflects the suit of both side of the mutualism evolution and reproductive strategy.Then it safeguards the stability of mutualism system.
Magnetic attitude control of a spinning satellite (1964)

Design of a self-contained magnetic attitude control system for a spinning satellite is described, and particular control techniques for sensing and actuation are developed. A specific control problem associated with the alignment of spin axis normal to the orbit plane in the presence of external perturbations is examined in detail, and a simple control system mechanization consisting of a coil and a magnetometer is described. Some of the problems associated with acquisition (control effectiveness when the initial orientation errors are large) are discussed. Finally, a control system design procedure is described with pertinent design parameters for application to a specific satellite system.
Enhancement of the ALP activity of C3H10T1/2 cells by the combination of an oxysterol and apatite (2010)

Biomimetic apatite coating has been used to load osteogenic biomolecules onto the surface of titanium implants. Apatite on the surface of biomaterials is thought to function as a reservoir of biomolecules as well as enhancing osteoconductivity. In this study, 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol (20alpha-HC), an osteogenic oxysterol, was used to induce differentiation of a mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (C3H10T1/2) by loading the oxysterol on biomimetically coated apatite of titanium discs. We found that the phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) activity of 20alpha-HC was significantly higher with ascorbic acid than alone, suggesting a need for ascorbic acid as a co-factor. When 20alpha-HC was added into the apatite coating solution, the ALP activity of the C3H10T1/2 cells did not increase on the apatite surface, even in the presence of ascorbic acid. However, ALP activity increased dramatically when 20alpha-HC was loaded by volatilization of EtOH from the apatite coat after dipping discs in 20alpha-HC-dissolved EtOH. Interestingly, ascorbic acid was not needed for this increase in ALP activity, suggesting a synergistic effect of 20alpha-HC and apatite. The concentration of calcium ions, a major component of apatite, affected the osteogenic effect of 20alpha-HC, and the increase in ALP activity was attenuated by L-type calcium channel inhibitors, verapamil and nifedipine. These results demonstrate that calcium ions released from apatite are important in the synergistic effect of 20alpha-HC and apatite.
Comment on “Formations of Hydroxyapatite and Inositol Hexakisphosphate in Poultry Litter during the Composting Period: Sequential Fractionation, P K-edge XANES and Solution <sup>31</sup>P NMR Investigations” (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTComment on "Formations of Hydroxyapatite and Inositol Hexakisphosphate in Poultry Litter during the Composting Period: Sequential Fractionation, P K-edge XANES and Solution 31P NMR Investigations"Sarit Brand-Klibanski, David Yalin, and Moshe Shenker*View Author Information The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 16, 9955–9956Publication Date (Web):August 6, 2014Publication History Published online6 August 2014Published inissue 19 August 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es502662zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es502662zarticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (427 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Animal derived food,Equilibrium,Hydroxyapatite,Minerals,Stability Get e-Alerts
Marrying safety with privacy: A holistic solution for location privacy in VANETs (2016)

Existing privacy measures often conflict with the requirements of future vehicular networks. First and foremost, in attempting to achieve local privacy, they interfere with the primary purpose of vehicular networks: to improve road safety. Other solutions undermine accountability or introduce too high overhead to be of practical use. For this reason, proper privacy protection is disregarded in many field experiments, proposals, and standardization documents. In this paper, we take a structured approach to deriving a holistic solution for location privacy protection in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs): Under reasonable assumptions about an adversary's capability, local privacy is neither required nor can it be achieved without compromising traffic safety. Our approach is therefore based on synchronized time-slotted pseudonym pools and the local announcing of pseudonym changes. By this, we overcome the privacy-safety problem while at the same time increasing privacy for all users. Our system is fully compatible with the requirements of vehicular networks and current standardization efforts.
Plant introductions of maize as a source of oil with unusual fatty acid composition (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant introductions of maize as a source of oil with unusual fatty acid compositionMilton D. JellumCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 3, 365–370Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60169a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60169a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superconducting Glass‐Ceramics in the Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O System (1990)

Bi 1.5 SrCaCu 2 O z was prepared in the glassy state by rapid quenching of the melt. The recrystallization of the glass during various heat treatments was studied by differential thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and resistivity measurements. Activation energies and frequency factors for the crystallization events below 600°C were determined by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Heating at 450°C formed mainly the Bi 2+ x Sr 2− x ‐CuO z solid solution (“R”). Between 765° and 845°C, R reacted slowly with the glass to form the 80 K superconductor Bi 2 (Sr,Ca) 3 Cu 2 O z and CuO. Heating for 7 d at 845°C, followed by slow cooling, eliminated a low‐temperature resistive “tail” and raised the temperature of zero resistance to 77 K. Heating at 867°C caused partial melting, with segregation of a Bi‐ and Cu‐rich liquid, and loss of the superconducting phases.
Characterization of sugar alcohols as seasonal heat storage media - experimental and theoretical investigations (2014)

Sugar alcohols are under investigation as phase change materials for long term heat storage applications. The thermal performance in such systems is strongly dominated by the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, which is further linked to the crystal-melt interfacial free energy (surface tension), the latent heat, and the viscosity. We carry out a comprehensive study of sugar alcohols to examine their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, from both experiments and theoretical calculations. The theoretical study follows a bottom-up approach. A generalized AMBER force field obtained from first principle calculations is selected to construct the molecular models. Heat capacity, self-diffusion constant, viscosity, latent heat, and interfacial free energy of selected model materials are calculated through molecular dynamic simulations. In the experimental study, differential scanning calorimetry and viscosity measurements are performed. Also, the kinetics of the crystal growth is examined using a microscope. The experimental results are integrated with the Rozmanov model, and a strong dependence of growth speed on the degree of subcooling is identified. All the experimental measurements are compared with our theoretical work, and the results showed good agreement. The methodologies used in the calculation are proved effective and reliable for future prediction of unknown systems. In this study, the high viscosity and the high interfacial free energy are both found responsible for the sluggish kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth in sugar alcohols.
New multi-output switching converters with MOSFET-rectifier post regulators (1998)

A new multi-output switching power converter is proposed. The new power converter can reduce conduction losses and achieve tight regulation. The small-signal model of the new power converter has also been developed and experimentally verified. Based on the proposed scheme and the analysis of the small-signal model, high-performance and high-efficiency multi-output switching power converters can be achieved.
A noise reduction technique for on-line detection and location of partial discharges in high voltage cable networks (2000)

Partial discharge (PD) measurements taken on-site are frequently affected by noise due to external disturbances. This paper describes a noise reduction method that may be used to isolate the PDs from the noise. The basic principles of wavelet de-noising analysis are presented. The PDs are then processed to allow accurate location of the PD. This method of location will also be presented.
Atmospheric Movement of Microorganisms in Clouds of Desert Dust and Implications for Human Health (2007)

Billions of tons of desert dust move through the atmosphere each year. The primary source regions, which include the Sahara and Sahel regions of North Africa and the Gobi and Takla Makan regions of Asia, are capable of dispersing significant quantities of desert dust across the traditionally viewed oceanic barriers. While a considerable amount of research by scientists has addressed atmospheric pathways and aerosol chemistry, very few studies to determine the numbers and types of microorganisms transported within these desert dust clouds and the roles that they may play in human health have been conducted. This review is a summary of the current state of knowledge of desert dust microbiology and the health impact that desert dust and its microbial constituents may have in downwind environments both close to and far from their sources.
Modelling fused single-mode-fibre couplers (1985)

The fused single-mode tapered coupler is successfully modelled by assuming that the neck section of the coupler can be represented by a rectangular dielectric waveguide. Guidance is provided at the glass-to-air (or external medium) boundary and the cores are neglected. The mechanism of field detachment from the cores is outlined and the coupler characteristics are derived from the interference between the two lowest-order modes of the large waveguide.