gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gamma-interferon is the factor in lymphokine that activates human macrophages to inhibit intracellular <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> replication. (1983)

We have demonstrated previously that mitogen-induced lymphokines activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to inhibit the intracellular replication of Chlamydia psittaci. To identify the factor(s) in crude lymphokines responsible for this antimicrobial effect, we tested human Con A-induced lymphokines for interferon activity. We also attempted to neutralize the lymphokines with a monoclonal antibody directed against human gamma-interferon and examined the ability of partially purified human gamma-interferon to induce macrophage antichlamydial activity. The lymphokine-induced antichlamydial effect was measured by the inhibition of chlamydial inclusion formation in Giemsa-stained macrophage cultures. Our lymphokines were found to be rich in gamma-interferon; treatment of cells for 48 hr before infection with lymphokines containing 300 U/ml of interferon resulted in an 89% inhibition of chlamydial growth. This lymphokine effect was completely abolished by monoclonal antibody against human gamma-interferon, but not by antisera against human alpha- or beta-interferons. In addition, partially purified human gamma-interferon alone induced macrophages to restrict chlamydial growth by 95%. We conclude that it is the gamma-interferon present in human Con A-induced lymphokines that activates monocyte-derived macrophages to inhibit chlamydial replication.
연구논문 : e - SERVQUAL - 인터넷 서비스 품질의 소비자 평가 측정 도구 (2002)

최근 인터넷을 통한 상거래가 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전세계적으로 하나의 커다란 유형의 시장으로 각광을 받으면서 급성장하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 인터넷 서비스에 대한 평가기준이나 평가척도의 개발은 시장의 성장 속도에 비하여 훨씬 느리게 진행되어 왔던 것이 사실이다. 인터넷 서비스 시장은 지금 현재도 꾸준한 성장을 계속하고 있으며 국내만 해도 수천여 업체의 인터넷 쇼핑몰들이 운영되고 있다. 이러한 극심한 경쟁 상황속에서 인터넷 서비스업체가 생존하고 성장하기 위해서는 그들이 소비자들 눈에 어떻게 비추어지고 있으며 또한 어떻게 평가되고 있는가를 파악할 수 있는 평가기준의 마련이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 오프라인 서비스 제공업체에 대한 평가척도인 SERVQUAL과 그 외 기존의 온라인 서비스 평가기준들을 종합하고 소비자들을 통한 실증연구를 통하여 이 척도의 온라인 대응안인 소위 e-SERVQUAL이 개발되어 제시된다. 또한 이를 구성해 나아가는 과정을 통하여 소비자들이 인터넷 서비스에 대해 중요하게 인식하는 요소들이 정리된다. 향후 이 척도가 인터넷 서비스, 특히 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 마케팅 전략 수립에 어떻게 이용될 수 있는지가 논의된다.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Syntheses (2013)

Abstract Review: 110 refs.
Serum free medium increases expression of markers of differentiation in human colonic crypt cells. (1994)

In colitis, colonic epithelial cells have a shortened life span but show normal or increased expression of phenotypic markers of differentiation. This study examined the effect of differing culture conditions on the expression of such markers in colonic crypt cells. Crypt cells were enzymatically isolated from macroscopically normal large bowel mucosa resected because of neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease or non-neoplastic non-inflammatory conditions. Cells cultured in the presence of serum exhibited a doubling of the rate of protein synthesis (measured by 14C-leucine uptake; p < 0.001) compared with autologous cells cultured in the absence of serum without evidence of loss of cell viability (assessed by 51Cr release from prelabelled cells) or of change in the rate of cell proliferation (assessed by total DNA content and 3H-thymidine uptake). Irrespective of the underlying colonic disease, crypt cells cultured in the absence of serum exhibited increased expression of phenotypic markers of differentiation compared with those cultured with serum: the rate of glycoprotein synthesis relative to that of protein synthesis increased by a mean of 59% and the cellular expression of brush border glycoproteins, alkaline phosphatase, and carcinoembryonic antigen significantly increased. The effects seen could not be mimicked by addition of dexamethasone or insulin to serum free medium. Thus, under less optimal (serum free) culture conditions, colonic crypt cells express phenotypic markers of differentiation at an accelerated rate suggesting that unfavourable microenvironmental conditions themselves are probably in part responsible for the normal or increased expression of such markers in colitis.
"What is in that video anyway?": in search of better browsing (1999)

Effective use of digital video can be greatly improved by a combination of two technologies: computer vision for automated video analysis and information visualization for data visualization. The unstructured spatio-temporal nature of video poses tough challenges in the extraction of semantics using fully automated techniques. In the CueVideo project, we combine these automated technologies together with a user interface designed for rapid filtering and comprehension of video content. Our interface introduces two new techniques for viewing video and builds upon existing techniques to provide synergistic views of the video content. We also report on a preliminary user study that compares the efficacy of these views in providing comprehension of video content.
Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Cell Death, Calcium Accumulation, and Glial Response in the Hippocampus of the Mongolian Gerbil and Protection by Propentofylline (HWA 285) (1987)

The localization and timing of cellular calcium loading and glial cell reaction in relation to selective death of hippocampal neurons was studied in Mongolian gerbils following transient forebrain ischemia. Two days after a 5-min period of ischemia, heavy calcium staining was histochemically demonstrated in circumscribed groups of nerve cells, located in the transition zone between the CA1 and CA3 areas. This preceded complete neuronal cell death that was quantitatively assessed by measuring the intensity of Nissl staining. After a 12-min period of ischemia, extensive calcium loading was observed in conjunction with severe neuronal damage throughout the CA1 region as well in the dorsal nuclei of the thalamus. The extent of calcium staining decreased with time and was not seen at stages later than 7 days. Already at 2 days after a 5-min period of ischemia, a strong increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was seen. This indicates a marked and early hypertrophy of astrocytes that was not accompanied by an obvious proliferation. Neither the astrocytic response nor the neuronal calcium accumulation were observed in gerbils pretreated with propentofylline, HWA 285 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Also, the decrease of Nissl staining in the CA1 area after 5 and 12 min of ischemia was considerably less pronounced and did not significantly differ from sham-operated controls.
Dynamic planar convex hull operations in near-logarithmic amortized time (2001)

We give a data structure that allows arbitrary insertions and deletions on a planar point set P and supports basic queries on the convex hull of P , such as membership and tangent-finding. Updates take O (log 1+ε n ) amori tzed time and queries take O (log n time each, where n is the maximum size of P and ε is any fixed positive constant. For some advanced queries such as bridge-finding, both our bounds increase to O (log 3/2 n ). The only previous fully dynamic solution was by Overmars and van Leeuwen from 1981 and required O (log 2 n ) time per update and O (log n ) time per query.
Longitudinal Analysis of Vaginal Microbiome Dynamics in Women with Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: Recognition of the Conversion Process (2013)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects ∼ 30% of women of reproductive age, has a high rate of recurrence, and is associated with miscarriage, preterm birth, and increased risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. Little is known of the daily changes in the vaginal bacterial composition as it progresses from treatment to recurrence, or whether any of these might be useful in its prediction or an understanding of its causes. We used phylogenetic branch-inclusive quantitative PCR (PB-qPCR) and Lactobacillus blocked/unblocked qPCR (Lb-qPCR) to characterize longitudinal changes in the vaginal microbiota in sequential vaginal self-swabs from five women with recurrent BV, from diagnosis through remission to recurrence. Both patients with acute BV samples dominated by G. vaginalis recurred during the study with similar profiles, whereas the three patients with acute BV samples dominated by other anaerobes did not recur or recurred to an intermediate Nugent score. L. iners dominated remission phases, with intermittent days of abnormal microbial profiles typically associated with menses. The exception was a newly discovered phenomenon, a sustained period of abnormal profiles, termed conversion, which preceded symptomatic acute BV. Species known to have antagonistic activity towards Lactobacillus were detected in pre-conversion samples, possibly contributing to the decline in Lactobacillus. Lb-qPCR scores define two categories of response in the initial post-treatment visit samples; scores <5 may correspond with poor response to treatment or rapid recurrence, whereas scores >8 may predict delayed or no recurrence. Amsel criteria or Nugent scores did not have this potential predictive capability. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the prognostic potential of detecting conversion and poor Lb-qPCR scores at the post-treatment visit of recurrent BV patients.
Calciphylaxis in chronic, non-dialysis-dependent renal disease (2003)

The role of renal disease in vascular complications is discussed. Sterile-maggot debridement may constitute a therapy for the ulcerated calciphylaxis at an earlier stage, i.e. when first ulcerations appear.
Oxidative photofragmentation of .alpha.,.beta.-amino alcohols via single electron transfer: cooperative reactivity of donor and acceptor ion radicals in photogenerated contact radical ion pairs (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative photofragmentation of .alpha.,.beta.-amino alcohols via single electron transfer: cooperative reactivity of donor and acceptor ion radicals in photogenerated contact radical ion pairsXiaohong Ci, Matthew A. Kellett, and David G. WhittenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 3893–3904Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 5325: A c-Kit targeting antibody-drug conjugate is efficiently metabolized and activated inside cancer cell lines and xenograft tumors (2015)

Abstract We have developed an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase, which is selectively expressed on the cell surface of various tumors including gastrointestinal tumors (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The ADC consists of a humanized c-Kit-binding monoclonal antibody (c-Kit-Ab) covalently attached to a maytansinoid tubulin inhibitor, DM1, via a non-cleavable linker, SMCC. Like other ADCs, the c-Kit ADC is a pro-drug that is activated upon metabolism inside cells. Its target-mediated internalization and lysosomal degradation generates active maytansinoid metabolites that bind and inhibit microtubule dynamics. To understand the activation of the ADC, we studied the kinetics and efficiency of its metabolism in cancer cells and xenograft tumor models. Using radiolabeled ADC and c-Kit-Ab, we followed the formation of metabolites in SCLC and AML cells and in SCLC tumors, as well as in engineered cell lines that express various mutant forms of c-Kit. We found that the ADC and c-Kit-Ab are efficiently metabolized in c-Kit-positive cancer cells irrespective of the mutational status or the activation state of c-Kit. The degradation half-life of c-Kit-Ab is 3-fold lower than that observed for T-DM1 and SGN35, indicating a faster rate of activation. Moreover, cell surface repopulation with c-Kit is highly efficient after ADC-mediated internalization, allowing multiple rounds of ADC recruitment and activation. Interestingly, cell surface repopulation of c-Kit is more rapid for cells with a c-Kit mutation than those with wild-type c-Kit, leading to generation of greater levels of active metabolites in cells with mutant c-Kit. This may lead to better targeting of the c-Kit-mutated cancer cells over normal cells with wild-type c-Kit, which may improve the safety of the c-Kit ADC. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the ADC was found to undergo efficient metabolism in tumors in vivo. While tumor localization of the ADC over a non-targeting conjugate is similar to that observed with T-DM1 and SAR3419, its tumor-specific formation of active metabolites is 3-fold greater. Thus, the c-Kit-targeting ADC is particularly efficient at achieving high levels of active metabolites inside c-Kit-positive tumor cells, consistent with its robust efficacy in mouse xenograft models. Citation Format: Erica Hong, Qifeng Qiu, Rui Wu, Alan Wilhelm, Kathleen Whiteman, Jan Pinkas, Hans Erickson, Tinya Abrams, Siew Schleyer. A c-Kit targeting antibody-drug conjugate is efficiently metabolized and activated inside cancer cell lines and xenograft tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5325. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5325
Rapid and Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols at Room Temperature by Using (N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)–Ni<sup>0</sup> Systems (2010)

The selective, anaerobic catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols at room temperature by using an in situ (N-heterocyclic carbene)-Ni(0) system is presented. The use of non-anhydrous, non-degassed 2,4-dichlorotoluene as both the oxidant and the solvent allows for very short reaction times and very high yields. In addition, a well-defined (N-heterocyclic carbene)-Ni(0) complex was synthesized and applied to these oxidation reactions.
Calculation for Rolling Contact Fatigue Life and Strength of Case-Hardened Gear Materials by Computer (1993)

Abstract An analysis of the rolling contact tatigue process of case-hardened gear material by means of clasticity and fracture mechanics theory has been made: the stress intensity range Δk and equation for crack growth da/dN = c(Δk)″ was put forward to calculate their fatigue life and strength in this work. The results show that the calculated data are in good agreement with the experimental ones for compound-treated, sprayed, and carbonitrided specimens. The relative errors of logarithm of cycle number are all less than 5′
Deep learning to predict the modulation schemes of real OFDM signals (2021)

The goal of this effort is to train Deep Learning (DL) models using synthetic Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) datasets to predict the modulation schemes of real OFDM signals without transfer learning. To facilitate our study, we generated a synthetic dataset, OFDM-O, that consists of 480k instances across four different modulations which include BP SK, QP SK, QAM16, and QAM64. Each instance with 16 OFDM symbols consists of 1280 IQ symbols. Since real OFDM instances have lengths of [2, 5, 44] OFDM symbols, the DL models are trained using short instances in order to overcome the instance length mismatch. Two datasets generated dynamically during training, OFDM-ro and OFDM-riq, are derived from dataset OFDM-O, by randomly choosing 5 consecutive OFDM symbols or 400 consecutive IQ symbols from each instance in OFDM-O at each epoch. 1-D Residual Neural Network (ResNet) models trained using three datasets achieve overall accuracies of 97.8%, 84.5% and 77.6% for OFDM-O, OFDM-ro and OFDM-riq, respectively. Cross validation of the three datasets shows that the ResNet model trained using OFDM-riq predicts the validation datasets of OFDM-O and OFDM-ro with high accuracy. Furthermore, a two-step validation is proposed during training of DL models where DL models are first validated with a synthetic validation dataset and then validated with real OFDM instances. Including a validation set with real signal allows us to terminate training before the DL model is over fit to the synthetic signals. The ResNet model trained using OFDM-riq correctly predicts 5 out of 7 short instances and all 5 long instances in the testing dataset of real signals. Both mis-classifications come from short instances of 2 OFDM symbols. Overall, the ResNet model trained using OFDM-riq can successfully predict the modulation schemes of real OFDM signals with high accuracy.
Statistical analysis of personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurements with nondetects (2008)

Exposimeters are increasingly applied in bioelectromagnetic research to determine personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. The main advantages of exposimeter measurements are their convenient handling for study participants and the large amount of personal exposure data, which can be obtained for several RF-EMF sources. However, the large proportion of measurements below the detection limit is a challenge for data analysis. With the robust ROS (regression on order statistics) method, summary statistics can be calculated by fitting an assumed distribution to the observed data. We used a preliminary sample of 109 weekly exposimeter measurements from the QUALIFEX study to compare summary statistics computed by robust ROS with a naïve approach, where values below the detection limit were replaced by the value of the detection limit. For the total RF-EMF exposure, differences between the naïve approach and the robust ROS were moderate for the 90th percentile and the arithmetic mean. However, exposure contributions from minor RF-EMF sources were considerably overestimated with the naïve approach. This results in an underestimation of the exposure range in the population, which may bias the evaluation of potential exposure-response associations. We conclude from our analyses that summary statistics of exposimeter data calculated by robust ROS are more reliable and more informative than estimates based on a naïve approach. Nevertheless, estimates of source-specific medians or even lower percentiles depend on the assumed data distribution and should be considered with caution.
Young's modulus, fracture strength, and Poisson's ratio of nanocrystalline diamond films (2014)

Young's modulus, fracture stress, and Poisson's ratio are important mechanical characteristics for micromechanical devices. The Poisson's ratio of a material is a good measure to elucidate its mechanical behavior and generally is the negative ratio of transverse to axial strain. A nanocrystalline (NCD) and an ultrananocrystalline (UNCD) diamond sample with grain boundaries of different chemical and structural constitutions have been investigated by an ultrasonic resonance method. For both samples, the elastic moduli are considerably reduced, compared with the elastic modulus of single crystal diamond (sc-diamond). Depending on the chemical and structural constitution of grain boundaries in nano- and ultrananocrystalline diamond different values for Poisson's ratio and for the fracture strength are observed. We found a Poisson's ratio of 0.201 ± 0.041 for the ultrananocrystalline sample and 0.034 ± 0.017 for the nanocrystalline sample. We discuss these results on the basis of a model for granular media. Higher disorder in the grain boundary leads to lower shear stiffness between the single grains and ultimately results in a decrease of Young's and shear modulus and possibly of the fracture strength of the material.
Ulcerative colitis and clinical course: Results of a 5-year population-based follow-up study (the IBSEN study) (2006)

The disease course and prognosis of UC appears better than previously described in the literature. The frequency of surgery was low, and only a minority of the patients had symptoms that interfered with their everyday activities 5 years after diagnosis.
<i>Z</i> Selectivity: Recent Advances in one of the Current Major Challenges of Olefin Metathesis (2013)

Abstract The stereoselective formation of carbon–carbon double bonds is a longstanding topic in organic chemistry. Since the early 90s, catalytic olefin metathesis has emerged as a synthetic tool of choice for the creation of carbon–carbon double bonds, and its use is now widespread. However, except for the synthesis of small cycles, the reversible character of olefin metathesis usually results in the formation of the thermodynamic E product, and more generally in mixtures of E and Z products. This issue has been addressed in different ways; these are reviewed herein. Synthetic protocols, which aim at the selective synthesis of Z olefins, for example, sequential alkyne metathesis/ cis ‐hydrogenation, and the use of removable silyl groups, are summarized. Tailor‐made molybdenum, tungsten and ruthenium catalysts, which allow for very high stereoselectivity, are also reviewed. The advances achieved with these methods and catalysts are illustrated by the synthesis of various natural products or their precursors.
How to use Big Data technologies to optimize operations in Upstream Petroleum Industry (2013)

“Big Data is the oil of the new economy” is the most famous citation during the three last years. It has even been adopted by the World Economic Forum in 2011. In fact, Big Data is like crude! It’s valuable, but if unrefined it cannot be used. It must be broken down, analyzed for it to have value. But what about Big Data generated by the Petroleum Industry and particularly its upstream segment? Upstream is no stranger to Big Data. Understanding and leveraging data in the upstream segment enables firms to remain competitive throughout planning, exploration, delineation, and field development.Oil Gas Companies conduct advanced geophysics modeling and simulation to support operations where 2D, 3D 4D Seismic generate significant data during exploration phases. They closely monitor the performance of their operational assets. To do this, they use tens of thousands of data-collecting sensors in subsurface wells and surface facilities to provide continuous and real-time monitoring of assets and environmental conditions. Unfortunately, this information comes in various and increasingly complex forms, making it a challenge to collect, interpret, and leverage the disparate data. As an example, Chevron’s internal IT traffic alone exceeds 1.5 terabytes a day.Big Data technologies integrate common and disparate data sets to deliver the right information at the appropriate time to the correct decision-maker. These capabilities help firms act on large volumes of data, transforming decision-making from reactive to proactive and optimizing all phases of exploration, development and production. Furthermore, Big Data offers multiple opportunities to ensure safer, more responsible operations. Another invaluable effect of that would be shared learning.The aim of this paper is to explain how to use Big Data technologies to optimize operations. How can Big Data help experts to decision-making leading the desired outcomes?Keywords:Big Data; Analytics; Upstream Petroleum Industry; Knowledge Management; KM; Business Intelligence; BI; Innovation; Decision-making under Uncertainty