gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone regulation of lung epithelial cell and fibroblast interleukin-11 production (1999)

Studies were undertaken to define the effects of corticosteroids on stromal cell interleukin (IL)-11 production. Unstimulated A549 epithelial-like cells produced modest amounts of IL-11, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 was a potent, dose-dependent stimulator of A549 cell IL-11 elaboration. Dexamethasone inhibited the levels of basal and TGF-beta1-stimulated IL-11 elaboration in a dose-dependent fashion. In the setting of TGF-beta1 stimulation, dexamethasone caused a >90% decrease in IL-11 production at 10(-6) M, a 50% decrease in IL-11 production at approximately 1 x 10(-9) M, and significant inhibition at 10(-10) M. This dexamethasone-induced inhibition was reversed by the glucocorticoid-receptor antagonist RU-486. Dexamethasone also inhibited respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and TGF-beta1-stimulated IL-11 production by MRC-5 lung fibroblasts. In all cases, dexamethasone caused comparable changes in IL-11 mRNA accumulation. Nuclear run-on studies demonstrated that dexamethasone caused a modest (</=40%) decrease in TGF-beta1-stimulated IL-11 gene transcription. Actinomycin D pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that dexamethasone simultaneously destabilized IL-11 mRNA. Dexamethasone also inhibited TGF-beta1-stimulated IL-11 promoter-driven luciferase activity but did not diminish activator protein-1 binding to IL-11 promoter sequences. Glucocorticoids inhibit lung cell IL-11 production via a complex mechanism that involves the inhibition of IL-11 gene transcription and the destabilization of IL-11 mRNA.
Membrane Separation Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment (2000)

With continuing depletion of fresh water resources, focus has shifted more toward water recovery, reuse, and recycling, which require an extension of conventional wastewater treatment technologies.Downstream external factors like stricter compliance requirements for wastewater discharge, rising treatment costs, and spatial constraints necessitate renewed investigation of alternative technologies.Coupled with biological treatment processes, membrane technology has gained considerable attention due to its wide range of applicability and the performance characteristics of membrane systems that have been established by various investigations and innovations during the last decade.This article summarizes research efforts and presents a review of the how and why of their development and applications.The focus is on appraising and comparing technologies on the basis of their relative merits and demerits.Additional facts and figures, especially regarding process parameters and effluent quality, are used to evaluate primary findings on these technologies.Key factors such as loading rates, retention time, cross-flow velocities, membrane types, membrane fouling, and backwashing, etc. are some of the aspects covered.Membrane applications in various aerobic and anaerobic schemes are discussed at length.However, the emphasis is on the use of membranes as a solid/liquid separator, a key in achieving desired effluent quality.Further, technology development directions and possibilities are also explored.The review concludes with an economic assessment of the technologies because one of the key technology selection criteria is financial viability.
Review article: the modern management of hepatic encephalopathy (2010)

Diagnostic techniques for hepatic encephalopathy range from simple scales to sophisticated tools. Treatment options depend on the stage of hepatic encephalopathy. The future challenge is to evaluate cognitive function as a continuum with clinically relevant outcomes and to develop well-tolerated and inexpensive treatments for hepatic encephalopathy.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LPS-INDUCED GASTROINTESTINAL INJURY IN THE RAT (2008)

A hydrophobic layer of phosphatidylcholine (PC) overlies and protects the surface of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, contributing to barrier integrity. During critical illness such as sepsis, gut barrier integrity is compromised, which could be related to degradation of PC. The purpose of this study was to investigate a role for luminal (secretory) phospholipase A2 (sPLA(2)) in LPS-induced GI injury. Rats were treated with LPS (5 mg/kg) or saline for 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 h. The gastric and ileal luminal contents were collected for determination of sPLA(2) activity, and the luminal lipids were analyzed using thin layer chromatography for lyso-PC content. The GI permeability was assessed in vivo with fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran 4000 and rats were tested with or without a specific sPLA(2) inhibitor. LPS induced significant increases in sPLA(2) activity and lyso-PC content in the gastric and ileal lumens at 5 h. In addition, LPS treated rats showed a significant increase in GI permeability to fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran in both the stomach and ileum at 5 h, which was prevented by pretreatment with the sPLA(2) inhibitor. In response to LPS, sPLA(2) activity increases in the GI tract lumen where it may degrade the extracellular protective phospholipid layer and membranes, producing injurious lyso-PC and increased GI permeability. Pretreatment with an orally active sPLA(2) inhibitor blocks the LPS-induced increase in GI permeability, and may suggest a new approach to fortify the GI mucosal barrier and prevent complications from endotoxin in trauma and other patients.
Towards a portable Raman spectrometer using a concave grating and a time-gated CMOS SPAD (2014)

A low-cost, compact Raman spectrometer suitable for the on-line water monitoring applications is explored. A custom-designed concave grating for wavelength selection was fabricated and tested. The detection of the Raman signal is accomplished with a time-gated single photon avalanche diode (TG-SPAD). A fixed gate window of 3.5ns is designed and applied to the TG-SPAD. The temporal resolution of the SPAD was ~60ps when tested with a 7ps, 532nm solid-state laser. To test the efficiency of the gating in fluorescence signal suppression, different detection windows (3ns-0.25ns) within the 3.5ns gate window are used to measure the Raman spectra of Rhodamine B. Strong Raman peaks are resolved with this low-cost system.
Relief of Hot Flushes With New Plant-Derived 10-Component Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens (2004)

I
Improving the retrieval effectiveness by a similarity thesaurus (1995)

A novel information structure and its use for query expansion is presented.The information structure, called a similarity thesaurus, consists of term-term similarities that are based on how the terms of a collection \are indexed" by the documents.In this way, the similarity thesaurus re ects domain knowledge about the collection from which it is constructed.It is used to select and weight additional query terms when expanding an existing query.This is in contrast to conventional query expansion methods as the similarity between candidate terms and the concept of the entire query is taken into account.Experiments on test collections show that the retrieval e ectiveness is considerably higher when this method is applied.That this concept-based query expansion model can also be used to produce better results in large-scale operational IR environments is the nal aspiration.
Parametric modeling study of basic electrodeposition in microvias (2012)

In this paper, we present the results of a modeling study that investigates the material behavior in the electroplating process for the fabrication of micro-vias into printed circuit boards. The simulations are based on the technique that allows explicit tracking of the interface between the electrolyte and the deposited metal in each time step. The control parameters are the aspect ratio, copper ions concentration and initial current density. The response parameters are the filling time and two filling performance metrics.
Deuterium NMR investigation of backbone dynamics in the synthetic oligonucleotide [d(CGCGAATTCGCG)]2 (1991)

Backbone dynamics in the [5',5"-2H2]2'-deoxythymidine labeled duplex dodecamer [d-(CGCGAAT*T*CGC)]2 have been investigated by solid-state 2H NMR. Quadrupolar echo line shapes, spin-lattice relaxation, and quadrupolar echo decay times were obtained over hydration levels ranging from W = 0.0 to 25.2 (moles of H2O/mole of nucleotide). Variation of the line shape with changing hydration level was analyzed by using models employed in previous investigations of dodecamer base and sugar dynamics. Both fast local motions and a slower helix motion were present within the oligonucleotide. The fast motion was modeled as a four-site libration whose amplitude increased with hydration level. The root mean square amplitude of this librational model was 2-6 degrees larger than the amplitude observed in either the furanose ring or base labeled material for the entire range of hydration levels investigated. The observed line shape was inconsistent with a rapid three-site trans-gauche isomerization. A slow motion about the helix axis was observed at low water levels and increased in rate and amplitude with hydration. This motional model is in agreement with previous oligonucleotide studies.
New Microcatalytic-Chromatographic Technique for Studying Catalytic Reactions (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Microcatalytic-Chromatographic Technique for Studying Catalytic ReactionsR. J. Kokes, H. Tobin Jr., and P. H. EmmettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 22, 5860–5862Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01627a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01627a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Minimizing pathogenic bacteria, including spores, in indoor air. (2003)

Five experiments were conducted to assess whether aerosolized bacteria, including spores, respond like particulate contaminants to the primary (electrical) forces that control the distribution of small particulate contaminants in indoor air. Such response would suggest an approach to minimizing infection in offices, hospitals, nursing homes, and other facilities. It also would have implications for protection against intentionally introduced pathogenic bacteria, including spores. The experiments used two different genera and five different strains of bacteria, including spores. Micrococcus luteus was used as a surrogate for Gram-positive cocci, because M. luteus is similar in size, shape, and cell wall composition to staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. Similarly, spore-forming and vegetative Bacillus subtilis were used as surrogates for Gram-positive bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis. The experiments were conducted in a dedicated aerosol physics test facility with culture-based measurements made at timed intervals. The results indicate that the organisms do respond like particulate contaminants to typical electrical forces in a room.
Evaluation of avocado and soybean unsaponifiable extracts for treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis (2007)

Although treatment with ASU extracts did not decrease clinical signs of pain in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis, there did appear to be a disease-modifying effect of treatment, compared with findings in placebo-treated horses. These objective data support the use of ASU extracts as a disease-modifying treatment for management of osteoarthritis in horses.
The significance of chymotrypsin-inhibitor levels in the serum of patients with carcinoma of the breast. (1957)

A method for the determination of chymotrypsin-inhibitor levels in blood serum is presented with l-tyrosine isopropyl ester used as substrate.

The highest chymotrypsin-inhibitor values in our series of cases of breast carcinoma were found most frequently in pre-operative and recurrent cases.

In recurrence of carcinoma, the chymotrypsin-inhibitor values were increased more often than the alkaline phosphatase.
Nondestructive Soil Bulk Density Measurements by X-ray Attenuation (1981)

Abstract Nondestructive density measurement of soil samples in the laboratory has a number of important applications. It can be used to monitor the progress of soil settlement through water and subsequent consolidation to a final equilibrium state, with or without an additional applied load. It can provide information on moisture content distribution in laboratory samples, in both static and changing conditions, and on soil structure in undisturbed cores. This paper describes a nondestructive technique for density measurement that can achieve accuracies in measured soil density of the order of ± 0.005 g/cm3 and a spatial resolution of ± 1 mm. The technique uses an X-ray system with a scintillation detector and counter assembly to record the radiation transmitted through the soil sample. This is converted to a density value by empirical calibration. The principles of the method are described with consideration given to the variables of the measuring system, the beam collimation, and the sample geometry. The method is shown to be reliable and versatile.
Review of resonant link topologies for inverters (1993)

Resonant link inverter configurations have been proposed as a means of obtaining significantly lower switching losses, thereby allowing operating frequencies and switch power ratings to be raised. In the paper, resonant link topologies are analysed by means of time-domain simulation, and the frequency spectrum typical of a resonant link inverter is compared with one typical of a hard-switched inverter. The resonant link system results in an increase in circuit complexity, and the frequency spectrum is limited by the need to employ integral pulse-modulation techniques.
Fast VLSI implementations for MRF and ANN applications (2002)

A VLSI architecture for real-time Markov random field optimization is presented. This architecture contains a simple and fast hardware module implementing the sigmoid function using look-up tables and piecewise linear interpolation. Error bounds are given for computing with this module, and it is shown that it can also used for improving the performance of a systolic architecture for artificial neural network (ANN) implementations. Simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Teleoperation of a robot manipulator using EMG signals and a position tracker (2005)

A methodology for a robotic manipulator teleoperation is presented. The proposed method can realize a new master-slave manipulator system that uses no mechanical master controller but electromyographic (EMG) signals from the muscles of a human arm. EMG signals are acquired from biceps brachii, main responsible muscle for elbow flexion. The robot elbow is controlled using joint angle computed from EMG signal during smooth forearm motion, while the shoulder of the robot is controlled by a position tracker placed on the user's arm. Identification techniques are used to approximate the user-dependent parameters of the model used to compute the elbow angle based on EMG signals.
Bisphosphonates May Increase Peritoneal Fibrinolytic Activity by Inhibiting the Mevalonate Pathway (2008)

Department of Hematology; Medical and Cancer Research Center; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara, Turkey (Ural, Avcu) Department of Pediatric Surgery; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara, Turkey; (Demirbag) [email protected] or [email protected]
Adaptation of the Nisin-Controlled Expression System in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> : a Tool To Study In Vivo Biological Effects (2000)

The potential of lactic acid bacteria as live vehicles for the production and delivery of therapeutic molecules is being actively investigated today. For future applications it is essential to be able to establish dose-response curves for the targeted biological effect and thus to control the production of a heterologous biopeptide by a live lactobacillus. We therefore implemented in Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 the powerful nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system based on the autoregulatory properties of the bacteriocin nisin, which is produced by Lactococcus lactis. The original two-plasmid NICE system turned out to be poorly suited to L. plantarum. In order to obtain a stable and reproducible nisin dose-dependent synthesis of a reporter protein (beta-glucuronidase) or a model antigen (the C subunit of the tetanus toxin, TTFC), the lactococcal nisRK regulatory genes were integrated into the chromosome of L. plantarum NCIMB8826. Moreover, recombinant L. plantarum producing increasing amounts of TTFC was used to establish a dose-response curve after subcutaneous administration to mice. The induced serum immunoglobulin G response was correlated with the dose of antigen delivered by the live lactobacilli.
Rapid Photothermal Lysis of the Pathogenic Bacteria, <i>Escherichia Coli</i> Using Synthesis of Gold Nanorods (2009)

A photon-to-thermal conversion nanosystem has been developed to rapidly elevate temperatures in poorly thermally conducting media using irradiation of gold nanorods. We first hypothesized that nanoparticles, especially gold nanorods, are capable of generating enough heat to lyse bacteria by heating sample solutions via laser irradiation. To test this, we synthesized Au nanorods (aspect ratio 3-4) and studied optothermal properties of these nanoparticles. The short Au nanorods were more efficient at absorbing 808 nm 450 mW laser irradiations resulting in more efficient temperature increase in glass vials compared to the long rods (aspect ratio -40). In bulk media, these nanoparticles could easily raise the temperature beyond 100 degrees C under continuous wave laser irradiation, enabling immediate cell lysis. Consequently, the pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, within the sample solution are lysed by irradiating of the sample using a near infrared laser.
The B cell surface protein CD72 recruits the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 upon tyrosine phosphorylation. (1998)

Activation signals of lymphocytes are negatively regulated by the membrane molecules carrying the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM). Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, ITIMs recruit SH2-containing phosphatases such as SHP-1, resulting in down-modulation of cell activation. We showed that the cytoplasmic domain of the CD72 molecule carries an ITIM and is associated in vitro with SHP-1 upon tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, cross-linking of B cell Ag receptor (BCR) enhances both tyrosine phosphorylation of CD72 and association of CD72 with SHP-1 in B cell line WEHI-231. These results indicate that CD72 recruits SHP-1 upon tyrosine phosphorylation induced by BCR signaling, suggesting that CD72 is a negative regulator of BCR signaling.
Sub-Nyquist sampling of multiband signals: perfect reconstruction and bounds on aliasing error (2002)

We consider the problem of periodic nonuniform sampling of a multiband signal and its reconstruction from the samples. We derive the conditions for exact reconstruction and find an explicit reconstruction formula. Key features of this method are that the sampling rate can be made arbitrarily close to the minimum (Landau) rate and that it can handle classes of multiband signals that are not packable. We compute various bounds on the aliasing error due to mismodeling the spectral support and examine the performance in the presence of additive white sample noise. Finally we provide optimal designs for the reconstruction system.
Efficient light harvesting in multiple-device stacked structure for polymer solar cells (2006)

We demonstrate a multiple-device stacked structure of polymer solar cells for efficient light harvesting. Two polymer photovoltaic cells are stacked together and connected in series or in parallel to achieve a tandem structure. In this two-cell structure, a multilayer semitransparent electrode, made of lithium fluoride (LiF)/aluminum (Al)/gold (Au), is used as the top contact in the bottom cell to efficiently transmit the unabsorbed photons to the upper cell. Maximum transparency of up to 80% is achieved for the semitransparent cathode. Upon stacking, the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current are almost doubled compared to a single cell.
Techniques Used in the Transition from Approach to Takeoff in the Long Jump (1985)

The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the techniques used by elite female athletes during the transition from approach to takeoff in the long jump and (b) to determine which characteristics were significantly related to the officially recorded distance of the jump. The subjects were the 12 finalists in the Women's Long Jump at the 1984 Olympic Games. A motion-picture camera placed with its optical axis at right angles to the runway was used to record the performances of the subjects. Means and standard deviations of the variables identified in a theoretical model and correlations between these variables and the distance of the jump were computed. Significant correlations revealed that the less the downward velocity at touchdown at the end of the third-last stride, and the less this velocity is changed by the vertical forces transmitted via the supporting foot, and the shorter the duration of the next flight phase, the greater the distance of the jump.
Polyaspartate Scale Inhibitors - Biodegradable Alternatives to Polyacrylates (1996)

Abstract Polyaspartates are highly biodegradable alternatives to polyacrylate based scale inhibitors. This paper presents laboratory testing data on polyaspartate inhibitors of calcium and barium mineral scales. The optimum molecular weight for polyaspartate inhibitors of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate mineral scales was determined to be between 1000 and 4000 Mw (weight average molecular weight as calculated by Size Exclusion Chromatography). For inhibition of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate, polyaspartates in the range of 3000-4000 Mw were most effective. For calcium sulfate inhibition, the optimum molecular weight lies in the 1000 to 2000 Mw range. Biodegradability data (OECD 301B Ready Biodegradability) on polyaspartates of a variety of molecular weights is also presented which demonstrates the high biodegradability of this class of mineral scale inhibitors.