gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber optic sensors on the base of liquid crystals (2000)

The new approach to multifanctional sensor of physical values designing on the base of fibre lightguides (FL) with a control birefringence and liquid crystal material is proposed. The fiber principle of operation is based on light beam, which passes through the lightguide, weakening under the external influence. As an informative parameter the light amplitude, phase, frequency or polarization can be used. The sensors can be divided by their functional purpose in FL circuit: as a sensitive element or as an optical channel, that connects the separate elements. The cell with liquid crystal active medium contains a FL in cell bulk. In presence of external influences (temperature, pressure, electric and magnetic fields etc.) the liquid crystal molecule orientation leads to change optical characteristics of the active material. This process is determined by light flow parameters in FL. Such a sensor construction gives the FL and liquid crystal element with a thickness of 25 mm. The induced cholesterics on the base of cyanobifenil mixtures and high effective non-liquid crystals dopant BIXH for control of physical parameters are investigated. The sensor allows to measure the electric fields — about 106V/m, magnetic fields - up to 1 T and temperature ranging from 243K to 333K.
Combining multiple sources for short query translation in Chinese-English cross-language information retrieval (2000)

In this paper, we examine various factors that affect the retrieval performance of Chinese-English cross-language retrieval. The factors include segmentation dictionary coverage, segmentation algorithm, transfer dictionary coverage, transfer dictionary quality, and translation disambiguation. The paper introduces an idea of recovering the original English names for the transliterated Chinese words, mainly the proper name, using search engine. We used two transfer dictionaries and a Chinese search engine to transfer short Chinese queries into English. The majority of the Chinese words were translated into English, but the overall precision of the Chinese to English cross-language retrieval is only about 56% of the overall precision for the monolingual retrieval.1
Homologous recombination promoted by reverse transcriptase during copying of two distinct RNA templates. (1995)

Retroviruses are known to mutate at high rates. An important source of genetic variability is recombination taking place during reverse transcription of internal regions of the two genomic RNAs. We have designed an in vitro model system, involving genetic markers carried on two RNA templates, to allow a search for individual recombination events and to score their frequency of occurrence. We show that Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase alone promotes homologous recombination efficiently. While RNA concentration has little effect on recombination frequency, there is a clear correlation between the amount of reverse transcriptase used in the assay and the extent of recombination observed. Under conditions mimicking the in vivo situation, a rate compatible with ex vivo estimates has been obtained.
Modulation of Urocortin-Induced Hypophagia and Weight Loss by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 Deficiency in Mice* (2000)

Intracerebroventricular injection of CRF or urocortin (Ucn) reduces appetite and body weight. CRFR1 and CRFR2, the receptors for CRF and Ucn, are expressed in neurons associated with appetite-control and metabolism, but their relative contributions in mediating CRF- or Ucn-induced hypophagia and weight loss are not known. We used homozygous mice lacking CRFR1 (CRFR1-/-) and wild-type littermates to determine the role of CRFR1 in mediating the changes in food intake and body weight following intracerebroventricular administration of Ucn. CRFR1-/- mice, which are glucocorticoid deficient, were given corticosterone in their drinking water to induce diurnal variations in circulating corticosterone. A 7-day intracerebroventricular infusion of Ucn transiently suppressed ad libitum food intake equally in CRFR1-/- and wild-type mice. Body weight reduction during Ucn infusion paralleled food intake in wild-type mice, but persisted throughout the infusion in CRFR1-/- mice. After food-deprivation, acute intracerebroventricular injection of Ucn suppressed food intake for 1.5 h in wild-type mice. By contrast, CRFR1-/- mice did not respond to Ucn 1.5 h after injection. At later time points, Ucn suppressed food intake equally in both genotypes. The distinct time courses of CRF-receptor-induced hypophagia suggest that separate pathways act cooperatively to adjust food intake during challenges to homeostasis.
Automatic extraction of signatures from bank cheques and other documents (2003)

Abstract: An innovative approach for extracting signatures from bank cheque images and other documents is proposed based on the integration of the crop method with the sliding window technique. The idea is to estimate the approximate area in which the signature lies using the sliding window technique. In this approach, a window of adaptable height and width is moved over the image; one pixel at a time and the density of pixels within the window is calculated. This density is then used to find the entropy, which in turn helps fit the box that can segment the signature. The signatures thus extracted are then fed to a known fuzzy based off-line signature verification and forgery detection system. The proposed method has been applied with almost 100 % success on several bank cheques from India, Malaysia and Australia. Signature extraction has also been shown on two typical types of documents which have varied and noisy backgrounds.
Rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium avium and M. paratuberculosis by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis (1996)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (M. avium) and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), intracellular bacteria that can cause chronic granulomatous enteritis in cattle, are difficult to distinguish on the basis of growth and biochemical characteristics. We report the development of a PCR-based strategy for the rapid differentiation of isolates of M. avium from isolates of M. paratuberculosis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was identified by PCR amplification and subsequent restriction enzyme digestion with PstI of a 960-bp fragment of the 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) from 21 clinical isolates of M. paratuberculosis and 14 isolates of M. avium. These results indicate that a restriction fragment length polymorphism in the hsp65 gene can be used for the rapid differentiation of clinical isolates of M. paratuberculosis and M. avium.
Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: CEDAW and Women's Human Rights in San Francisco (2019)

While the United States has ratified many of the international human rights treaties, some have been left languishing in the Senate including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). In response to Senate failure to ratify the women's treaty, the city of San Francisco passed its own CEDAW ordinance in 1998 to implement the principles of women's human rights in its jurisdiction. Several factors contributed to the successful passage of the CEDAW ordinance, including a sturdy base of feminist institutions developed over three decades of women's activism, determined leadership with the commitment, skills, and time to organize the effort, and political will nurtured and sustained through community education. The implementation phase was facilitated by concrete goals that gave specificity to the idea of women's human rights and participatory practices that diffused opposition and engaged city residents in devising solutions to unequal treatment. The San Francisco case provides a useful model for activists in the Cities for CEDAW movement that hope to implement the principles of CEDAW in other municipalities.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Activated CC Bonds Catalyzed by Ruthenium Amido Complexes:  Reaction Scope, Limitation, and Enantioselectivity (2005)

[reaction: see text] It was found that the chemoselectivity could be completely switched from C=O to C=C bonds in the transfer hydrogenation of activated alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by diamine-ruthenium complex. Moreover, this addition via metal hydride had been applied to the reduction of various activated olefins. The electron-withdrawing ability of functional groups substituted on C=C bonds at the alpha- or beta-position had strong influence on the reactivity. In addition, a wide variety of chiral diamine-Ru(II)-(arene) systems was investigated to explore the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of prochiral alpha,alpha-dicyanoolefins. Two parameters had been systematically studied, (i) the structure of the N-sulfonylated chiral diamine ligands, in which several chiral diamines substituted on the benzene ring of DPEN were first reported, and (ii) the structure of the metal precursors, and high enantioselectivitiy (up to 89% ee) at the beta-carbon was obtained.
Special report: The monetary services index project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: building new monetary services indexes: concepts, data and methods (1997)

Monetary policy; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A technique for cervical laminoplasty using mini plates (1994)

Accepted laminoplasty techniques may limit one's ability to decompress cervical nerve roots and the constructs may fail leading to restenosis of the cervical spinal canal. A simple laminoplasty technique has been developed using titanium miniplates that permits adequate decompression of the cervical spinal cord and bilateral cervical nerve roots, and successfully reconstructs an enlarged rigid spinal canal.
Abnormaln-nonacosane storage in humans: Detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of tissue extracts (1987)

We report a case of n-nonacosane storage disease, which went undiagnosed until the death of a 55-year-old farmer. Clinical, histological, and biochemical features are discussed. n-Nonacosane storage was identified by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of different tissue extracts, n-nonacosane concentration reaching 1.2 mg g-1 of lung tissue and 0.32 mg g-1 of liver tissue. It was possible to rule out a work-induced intoxication, and n-nonacosane storage appeared to be accounted for by a lifelong, heavy consumption of unpeeled apples and Brussels sprouts.
Magnéto-météorologie : discussion d'un effet atmosphérique sur le champ magnétique terrestre et de ses conséquences (1970)

Dans un travail antérieur, nous avons trouvé l'explication de la variation undécennale de la composante horizontale du champ terrestre (dont l'amplitude est de 20 γ) dans les vents de la couche de transition de l'ionosphère où les ions positifs sont entraînés par leurs collisions avec les atomes neutres, tandis que les électrons négatifs sont bloqués dans le sens transversal au champ terrestre. Nous montrons que le phénomène rend compte quantitativement des résultats observés, compte tenu de la variation d'ionisation à cette altitude au cours du cycle solaire. L'existence d'une variation biennale de la même composante, d'une amplitude de 5 γ, s'explique par le même mécanisme en admettant une variation de vitesse des vents ionosphériques du même ordre de grandeur que celle des vents stratosphériques. L'extrapolation de ces résultats aboutit à montrer qu'un accroissement raisonnable de l'ionisation de la haute atmosphère suffirait à expliquer un renversement du champ terrestre observé au sol, et même la naissance de ce champ à partir du faible champ interplanétaire. En conclusion, on montre l'accord de ces remarques avec les mesures magnétiques déjà obtenues au voisinage des autres corps planétaires.
Modification of Visceral Sensitivity and Pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome by 5-HT<sub>3</sub> Antagonism (Ondansetron) (1996)

Intrinsic neurons containing serotonin (5-HT) are involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and are also thought to be important in the modulation of visceral sensory function. We have evaluated the effect of a specific 5-HT3 antagonist (ondansetron, O) on visceral sensation and rectal compliance in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo (P) controlled study of O 16 mg 3 times/day, in healthy volunteers and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Symptoms were also evaluated in the latter group. A 2-week run-in period was followed by two 2-week treatment arms of P and O, separated by a 2-week wash-out period. Twelve healthy subjects and 9 patients with IBS were recruited. Assessment was by daily symptom and bowel function diary, and physiological tests of anal manometry, rectal sensory testing to distension and electrical stimulation, and rectal compliance. Ten healthy subjects completed the entire study, and 6 IBS patients completed the diary card evaluation, including 5 who also completed the physiological evaluation. O caused significantly (p < 0.01) firmer stools when considering both subject groups together. In the healthy subjects no physiological parameters were altered by O. In IBS patients the rectal sensory threshold to electrical stimulation tended to increase with O (20 vs. 28 mA, P vs. O, median, p = 0.06) while the urge (80 vs. 60 ml, p = 0.05) and maximum tolerated volumes (130 vs. 90, p = 0.03) to distension tended to decrease with O. Patients with IBS experienced significantly fewer daily episodes of pain while on O (2 vs. 1, p = 0.03). Serotonin-3 antagonism (O) causes firmer bowel actions in all subjects, and may affect gut sensitivity and pain in patients with IBS.
New insights into cardiovascular and lipid metabolomics (2008)

Metabolomics is the study of metabolite profiles in biological samples, particularly urine, saliva, blood plasma and fat biopsies. The metabolome is now considered by some to be the most predictive phenotype: consequently, the comprehensive and quantitative study of metabolites is a desirable tool for diagnosing disease, identifying new therapeutic targets and enabling appropriate treatments. A wealth of information about metabolites has been accumulated with global profiling tools and several candidate technologies for metabolomic studies are now available. Many high-throughput metabolomics methodologies are currently under development and have yet to be applied in clinical practice on a routine basis. In the cardiovascular field, few recent metabolomic studies have been reported so far. This minireview provides an updated overview of alternative technical approaches for metabolomics studies and reviews initial applications of metabolomics that relate to both cardiovascular disease and lipid metabolism research.
Economic advantage of rainwater harvesting over water borehole: A sustainable development at the Extension Site Federal Polytechnic, Oko (2011)

This paper analyses the economic advantage of rainwater harvesting over water borehole. The management of the polytechnic (Oko Poly) believed since the year 2000 that the provision of water supply and sanitation services is an important basic need. And they also wish to ensure long-term sustainability of the facility. Water is an essential ingredient for maintaining life in an environment as well as a fundamental resource for socio-economic development of the people. It is essential for human life, and therefore enabling access to a safe and reliable water supply to the polytechnic community is a key development strategy of the management. Obviously, with an estimated population of about sixteen thousand people, over 45% of these stay at the extension site. There is therefore an urgent need to provide them with the basic necessities of life including provision of water supply and sanitation service, as their right.

	 

	Key words: Economic advantage, rainwater harvesting, sustainable development, water borehole, sanitation.
Mechanical and physicochemical determinants of the chondrocyte biosynthetic response (1988)

The relation between mechanical loading of cartilage and chondrocyte activity in vivo may be mediated by several physical transduction mechanisms including: cell deformation, hydrostatic pressure gradients, fluid flow, streaming currents, and physicochemical changes. We have developed an organ culture system designed to study chondrocyte biosynthetic response to such physical stimuli. This study focuses on the effects of static compression and physicochemical changes. Cartilage disks harvested from the reserve zone of the epiphyseal plate of 1-2-week-old calves were subjected to static compressive stresses of 0-3 MPa in unconfined compression and the incorporation of [35S]sulfate and [3H]proline was measured during the 12-h loading period. Incorporation of both proline and sulfate decreased monotonically with increasing stress. Compressive loading also produces physicochemical changes including a decreased water content and increased matrix fixed-charge density, with a concomitant increase in interstitial counterion concentrations (e.g., K+, H+) and decreased coion concentrations (e.g., SO4(2-). We therefore examined the possibility that specific changes in interstitial mobile ion concentrations may be linked to chondrocyte response to static compression by measuring biosynthesis in the absence of mechanical compression while independently altering the SO4(2-), K+, and H+ composition of the bathing medium. We found that proline and sulfate incorporation were strongly dependent on pH, but independent of [SO4(2-)] and [K+] in the range studied. These results suggest that compression-induced changes in local, interstitial pH may account for the observed biosynthetic response to static compression.
A SUPPRESSOR OF <i>snf1</i> MUTATIONS CAUSES CONSTITUTIVE HIGH-LEVEL INVERTASE SYNTHESIS IN YEAST (1984)

The SNF1 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required to derepress expression of many glucose-repressible genes, including the SUC2 structural gene for invertase. Strains carrying a recessive snf1 mutation are unable to ferment sucrose. We have isolated 30 partial phenotypic revertants of a snf1 mutant that were able to ferment sucrose. Genetic characterization of these revertants showed that the suppressor mutations were all recessive and defined eight complementation groups, designated ssn1 through ssn8 (suppressor of snf1 ). The revertants were assayed for secreted invertase activity, and although activity was detected in members of each complementation group, only the ssn6 strains contained wild-type levels. Synthesis of secreted invertase in ssn6 strains was found to be constitutive, that is, insensitive to glucose repression; moreover, the ssn6 mutations also conferred constitutivity in a wild-type ( SNF1 ) genetic background and are, therefore, not merely suppressors of snf1 . Pleiotropic defects were observed in ssn6 mutants. Genetic analysis suggested that the ssn6 mutations are allelic to the cyc8 mutation isolated by R. J. Rothstein and F. Sherman, which causes increased production of iso-2-cytochrome c. The data suggest a regulatory function for SSN6 .
Response to head-up tilt in cramping and noncramping hemodialysis patients. (1992)

Hemodialysis-associated skeletal muscle cramps are generally ascribed to a reduction in plasma volume, but during this procedure, it is not known how volume contraction results in cramps. To elucidate this mechanism, we compared responses to one hour of 60 degrees head-up tilt in 8 patients who cramped during no more than one-sixth of their dialyses and in 8 patients who cramped at least half the time. Age and recumbent blood pressure were similar in each group, but more patients with frequent cramps had diabetes underlying their renal failure (p = 0.013) and had been dialyzed for less than 3 years (p = 0.020). Baseline plasma renin activity and plasma norepinephrine and arginine vasopressin concentrations were similar in both groups, except plasma renin activity in one patient with frequent cramps, which was 15 times higher than in the other patients. After tilting, systolic blood pressure fell an average of 17% in patients who cramped infrequently (p = 0.0031) but only 10% in frequently cramping patients. The ratio of tilt/recumbent norepinephrine levels exceeded 1.5 in 7 patients with frequent cramps but was less than this in 6 patients who cramped infrequently (p = 0.020). One of the 2 infrequently cramping patients with a ratio above 1.5 was the only individual to have a normal renin response to tilt. We propose that cramps are prone to occur during hemodialysis in patients whose sympathetic nervous system response to volume stress is partially intact but is not modulated by concurrent activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Essential Tremor (2009)

This article will review newer therapies for the treatment of essential tremor as well as cover potential therapies still in development. Drug pharmacology, specific dosing for ET and adverse effects will be reviewed. Finally, a rationale approach to treatment of ET will be discussed.
Acceptance of Life Membership (2010)

The acceptance speech by Chris Wheat of VATE Life Membership at the VATE 50th Jubilee dinner are presented.
IgG Conformer's Binding to Amyloidogenic Aggregates (2015)

Amyloid-reactive IgGs isolated from pooled blood of normal individuals (pAbs) have demonstrated clinical utility for amyloid diseases by in vivo targeting and clearing amyloidogenic proteins and peptides. We now report the following three novel findings on pAb conformer's binding to amyloidogenic aggregates: 1) pAb aggregates have greater activity than monomers (HMW species > dimers > monomers), 2) pAbs interactions with amyloidogenic aggregates at least partially involves unconventional (non-CDR) interactions of F(ab) regions, and 3) pAb's activity can be easily modulated by trace aggregates generated during sample processing. Specifically, we show that HMW aggregates and dimeric pAbs present in commercial preparations of pAbs, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), had up to ~200- and ~7-fold stronger binding to aggregates of Aβ and transthyretin (TTR) than the monomeric antibody. Notably, HMW aggregates were primarily responsible for the enhanced anti-amyloid activities of Aβ- and Cibacron blue-isolated IVIg IgGs. Human pAb conformer's binding to amyloidogenic aggregates was retained in normal human sera, and mimicked by murine pAbs isolated from normal pooled plasmas. An unconventional (non-CDR) component to pAb's activity was indicated from control human mAbs, generated against non-amyloid targets, binding to aggregated Aβ and TTR. Similar to pAbs, HMW and dimeric mAb conformers bound stronger than their monomeric forms to amyloidogenic aggregates. However, mAbs had lower maximum binding signals, indicating that pAbs were required to saturate a diverse collection of binding sites. Taken together, our findings strongly support further investigations on the physiological function and clinical utility of the inherent anti-amyloid activities of monomeric but not aggregated IgGs.
Epigenetics of Melanoma: Implications for Immune-Based Therapies (2013)

Malignant melanoma is a complex disease that arises and evolves due to a myriad of genetic and epigenetic events. Among these, the interaction between epigenetic alterations (i.e., histone modifications, DNA methylation, mRNA silencing by miRNAs and nucleosome repositioning) has been recently identified as playing an important role in melanoma development and progression by affecting key cellular pathways such as cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, apoptosis, invasion and immune recognition. Differently to genetic lesions, epigenetic changes are potentially pharmacologically reversible by using epigenetic drugs. Along this line, preclinical and clinical findings indicate that these drugs, given alone or in combination therapies, can efficiently modulate the immunophenotype of melanoma cells. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of melanoma epigenetics and the current use of epigenetic drugs in the clinical setting.