gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cerium-Based Oxides for Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production (2012)

The thermodynamics of ceria-based metal oxides MxCe1–xO2, where M = Gd, Y, Sm, Ca, Sr, have been studied in relation to their applicability as reactive intermediates in solar thermochemical redox cycles for splitting H2O and CO2. Oxygen nonstoichiometry was modeled and extrapolated to high temperatures and reduction extents by applying an ideal solution model in conjunction with a defect interaction model. Subsequently, relevant thermodynamic parameters were computed and equilibrium H2 and CO concentrations determined as a function of reduction conditions (T, PO2) and ensuing oxidation temperature. At 1 atm and above 1673 K, the degree of reduction is negatively correlated to dopant concentration, regardless of the type of dopant considered. Consequently, at a given reduction temperature, more H2 and CO is generated at equilibrium for pure ceria compared to any of the other doped ceria materials considered. Although the reduction enthalpy decreases as the dopant concentration increases, the overall solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency is greater for pure ceria (20.2% at δ = 0.1, PO2 = 10 ppm). Only when considering heat recovery of nearly 100% are theoretical efficiencies higher for the dopants.
Method for recovery of enteric viruses from estuarine sediments with chaotropic agents (1983)

An evaluation was made of the ability of chaotropes, low-molecular-weight ionic compounds which enhance the solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in water, to improve the recovery of enteric viruses from highly organic estuarine sediments. Chaotropic agents alone were poor eluents of polioviruses from sediment but were effective when combined with 3% beef extract. Chaotropes of lower potency, NaNO3, NaCl, and KCl, were more efficient eluents than the stronger chaotropes, guanidium hydrochloride or sodium trichloroacetate. The most effective eluent was 2 M NaNO3 in 3% beef extract at pH 5.5, which eluted 71% of sediment-associated polioviruses. Efficient concentration of the sodium nitrate-beef extract eluate by organic flocculation required the addition of the antichaotrope (NH4)2SO4 to a 2 M concentration and Cat-Floc T (Calgon, Pittsburgh, Pa.) a cationic polyelectrolyte, to a 0.01% concentration. Dialysis of the final concentrate was necessary to reduce salts to nontoxic levels before assay in cell cultures. Trials with highly organic estuarine sediment seeded with high or low numbers of poliovirus 1, echovirus 1, or rotavirus SA-11 demonstrated the superiority of this method over two other methods currently in use.
Information retrieval from databases (2002)

This study further investigates and generalizes the database model of Coffey, Herbsman, and Sechrest (see Communication Theory and Applications II, HW Communications Ltd., United Kingdom, 1993) by applying new techniques to the problem of data retrieval. The problems analyzed are representative of important issues involved in storing data for context dependent retrieval from databases. They arise when simple storage devices such as tapes and disks are used to store relatively more complex data structures such as large multidimensional images. The mismatch between the physical nature of the storage device and the data structure, i.e., the manner in which its elements are requested, prevents some requests from being instantaneously accessible on the database. Hence, we have the non-trivial problem of designing the database so as to minimize the expected access time.
Theoretical Study on Tunneling Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Tunnel Tunctions with $D{{0}_{22}}\hbox{-}{\hbox{Mn}}_{3}Z$ ($Z = {\hbox{Ga}},{\hbox{Ge}}$) (2014)

We investigated spin dependent transport properties of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with D0 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> -Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ga or Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ge using the first-principles electronic and ballistic-transport calculations. We found that tunneling magntoresistance (TMR) ratios of Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ga/MgO(1 nm)/Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ga(001) MTJs depend strongly on the interfacial structures, which are about 600% for MnMn termination and 40% for MnGa termination. The relatively small TMR ratio of MnGa termination can be attributed to a presence of the Δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> state around the Fermi level in both spin channels. On the other hand, we obtained over 4000% TMR ratios both for MnMn and MnGe terminations of Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ge-based MTJs due to the half-metallic electronic structure on the Δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> state. We concluded that D0 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> -Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ge is a promising material providing large TMR effects as well as strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Efficient Disparity Computation without Maximum Disparity for Real-Time Stereo Vision (2009)

In order to improve the performance of correlation-based disparity computation of stereo vision algorithms, standard methods need to choose in advance the value of the maximum disparity (MD). This value corresponds to the maximum displacement of the projection of a physical point expected between the two images. It generally depends on the motion model, the camera intrinsic parameters and on the depths of the observed scene. In this paper, we show that there is no optimal MD value that minimizes the matching errors in all image regions simultaneously and we propose a novel approach of the disparity computation that does not rely on any a priori MD. Two variants of this approach will be presented. When compared to traditional correlation-based methods, we show that our approach improves not only the accuracy of the results but also the efficiency of the algorithm. A local energy minimization is also proposed for fast refinement of the results. An extensive comparative study with ground truth is carried out on classical stereo images and the results show that the proposed method clearly gives more accurate results and it is two times faster than the fastest possible implementation of traditional correlation-based methods.
A Hybrid Approach for Fast Simulation of Dose Deposition in Stereotactic Synchrotron Radiotherapy (2008)

A hybrid approach was developed to compute the dose deposited in cancerous and healthy tissues during stereotactic synchrotron radiation therapy treatment. The proposed approach divides the computation into two parts: (1) the dose deposited by primary radiation (coming directly from the incident X-ray beam) is calculated using a deterministic algorithm based on ray casting, optimized for transport in voxelized geometries; (2) the dose deposited by secondary radiation (Rayleigh and Compton scattering, fluorescence) is computed using a hybrid algorithm combining Monte Carlo and deterministic calculations. In the Monte Carlo part, a set of scattering and fluorescence events occurring in the patient is determined. These events are further processed in a deterministic way, which considerably improves the statistics of the final dose map. The results obtained in test cases are compared to those obtained with the Monte Carlo method alone (Geant4 and MCNPX codes) and found to be in excellent agreement. The proposed simulation scheme makes it possible to simulate dose maps with a single PC, featuring computation time and statistical fluctuations substantially reduced in comparison with full Monte Carlo simulations.
Low-noise current optoelectronic integrated receiver with internal equalizer for gigabit-per-second long-wavelength optical communications (1990)

An equalizer, which is essential in order to improve the sensitivity of receiver optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) at a gigabit-per-second data rate, has been monolithically integrated on an InP substrate with a p-i-n photodiode and a high-impedance high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) amplifier. The receiver operated up to 1.6 Gb/s and showed low noise current characteristics. The minimum noise current is less than 4 pA/ square root Hz. The sensitivity calculated from the noise current characteristics is -28.4 dBm for 1.6-Gb/s signals. The receiver chip, which was assembled on a ceramic mount, exhibited a sensitivity of -30.4 dBm at 1.2 Gb/s and 1.3- mu m wavelength. The performance is as good as those of receiver OEICs with an external equalizer and sufficient for practical use in gigabit-per-second optical communication system. >
High-Voltage Dielectrophoretic and Magnetophoretic Hybrid Integrated Circuit/Microfluidic Chip (2009)

A hybrid integrated circuit (IC) / microfluidic chip is presented that independently and simultaneously traps and moves microscopic objects suspended in fluid using both electric and magnetic fields. This hybrid chip controls the location of dielectric objects, such as living cells and drops of fluid, on a 60 × 61 array of pixels that are 30 × 38 μm(2) in size, each of which can be individually addressed with a 50 V peak-to-peak, DC to 10 MHz radio frequency voltage. These high voltage pixels produce electric fields above the chip's surface with a magnitude , resulting in strong dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces . Underneath the array of DEP pixels there is a magnetic matrix that consists of two perpendicular sets of 60 metal wires running across the chip. Each wire can be sourced with 120 mA to trap and move magnetically susceptible objects using magnetophoresis (MP). The DEP pixel array and magnetic matrix can be used simultaneously to apply forces to microscopic objects, such as living cells or lipid vesicles, that are tagged with magnetic nanoparticles. The capabilities of the hybrid IC / microfluidic chip demonstrated in this paper provide important building blocks for a platform for biological and chemical applications.
Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Therapy (2009)

Disease relapse remains a major cause of mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Over the past decade, our understanding of the biology underlying the graft-versus-tumor/leukemia (GVT) effect has increased greatly; however, several other factors affect the occurrence and outcome of relapse, including conditioning regimen, type of allograft, and the histology, status, and sensitivity to chemotherapy of the disease being treated. The mainstay of relapse treatment is donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), but the efficacy of DLI is quite variable depending on disease histology and state. As such, there is a significant need for novel therapies and strategies for relapse following allogeneic HCT, particularly in patients for whom DLI is not an option. The National Cancer Institute is sponsoring an international workshop to address issues and research questions relative to the biology, natural history, prevention, and treatment of relapse following allogeneic HCT.
The development and use of machine translation systems and computer-based translation tools (1999)

Abstract: This survey of the present demand and use of computer-based translation software concentrates on systems designed for the production of translations of publishable quality, including developments in controlled language systems, translator workstations, and localisation; but it covers also the developments of software for non-translators, in particular for use with Web pages and other Internet applications, and it looks at future needs and systems under development. The final section compares the types of translations that can be met most appropriately by human and by machine (and computer-aided) translation respectively.
Proyecto Castor. Relación de la secuencia sísmica con la inyección de gas. (2014)

Una secuencia sísmica, que culminó en terremotos de magnitud hasta 4.3 (Cesca et al., 2013; 4.2 según IGN, 2015), se originó en septiembre y octubre de 2013 frente a las costas de Castellón, cerca de donde se estaba inyectando subterráneamente gas natural para almacenarlo en un yacimiento petrolífero agotado (Fig. 1). Los mayores terremotos fueron sentidos en las poblaciones cercanas, lo que causó gran alarma social y mediática, y motivó que en ellas se activasen de manera preventiva los planes especiales de Protección Civil ante el riesgo sísmico. El proyecto de inyección fue detenido por orden gubernamental, y su tramitación administrativa y sus operaciones se están investigando judicialmente.
PTV vapor overflow — principles of a solvent evaporation technique for introducing large volumes in capillary GC (1990)

Abstract The concept of a GC solvent evaporation technique is outlined that involves a modified Programmed Temperature Vaporizing (PTV) injector. The vapor overflow technique is intended for introducing samples in large volumes of solvent by syringe injection of strongly diluted samples or by coupled LC‐GC. The liquid is introduced into a packed vaporizing chamber kept above the solvent boiling point at a pressure which is near or below ambient. The carrier gas is essentially switched off. Evaporation and discharge of the solvent vapors occurs by expansion of the vapors, driven by the solvent vapor pressure. For transferring the sapmple into the column, the carrier gas is switched on again and the vaporizing chamber heated. Compared to PTV solvent split injection, vapor overflow offers the following advantages: It automatically optimizes operational parameters, therefore facilitating its application. Losses of volatile materials are minimized by a minimal flow rate through the injector. Vapor overflow is a promising technique for transferring watercontaining eluents in coupled LC‐GC since no wettability is required and leaching of pre‐column surfaces is avoided.
Einstein: the passions of a scientist (2003)

Einstein continues to captivate, not only for his revolutionary scientific insights but also for his complex personality and personal pursuits. In this unique contribution to the Einstein literature, physicist and acclaimed science writer, Barry Parker draws on the great scientist's letters and personal papers to explore the intellectual and emotional passions that motivated both his work and his life. Parker focuses on five aspects of Einstein's emotional nature that had a profound influence on his life and career. This is an original, insightful look at one of the greatest geniuses of all time who did so much to shape our vision of the world.
Land Cover Classification via Multitemporal Spatial Data by Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

Nowadays, modern earth observation programs produce huge volumes of satellite images time series that can be useful to monitor geographical areas through time. How to efficiently analyze such a kind of information is still an open question in the remote sensing field. Recently, deep learning methods proved suitable to deal with remote sensing data mainly for scene classification(i.e., convolutional neural networks on single images) while only very few studies exist involving temporal deep learning approaches [i.e., recurrent neural networks (RNNs)] to deal with remote sensing time series. In this letter, we evaluate the ability of RNNs, in particular, the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, to perform land cover classification considering multitemporal spatial data derived from a time series of satellite images. We carried out experiments on two different data sets considering both pixel-based and object-based classifications. The obtained results show that RNNs are competitive compared with the state-of-the-art classifiers, and may outperform classical approaches in the presence of low represented and/or highly mixed classes. We also show that the alternative feature representation generated by LSTM can improve the performances of standard classifiers.
Use of WDM technique in SDH networks (1996)

Abstract This paper proposes the introduction of the multiwavelength technique in the three layers of a SDH-based network. In the trunk layer, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) takes advantage of the optical parallelism in a single fiber. Cross-connection can be achieved either passively (i.e., with tunable filters) or by means of wavelength converters. The latter solution, which offers high flexibility, was implemented in a 4 × 4 optical routing element. In the junction network the feasibility of a three-station WDM self-healing ring was demonstrated. Finally, in the access network, synchronous burst access and time and wavelength division multiplexing (T/WDM) switching is proposed to offer service flexibility to the subscribers.
Lubricants for Rigid Magnetic Media Based upon Cyclotriphosphazenes:  Interactions with Lewis Acid Sites (1997)

Lubricants such as polyperfluorinated ethers are used topically on rigid magnetic media, or computer disks, to provide a low friction interface. These materials are subject to degradation particularly in the presence of Lewis acids; however, the degradation may in part be mitigated by the addition of additives such as bis(4-fluorophenoxy)tetrakis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, [(NP)3(OC6H4CF3)4(OC6H4F)2], or X-1P. This report explores how X-1P may preferentially interact with Lewis acid sites to impart protection to the host lubricant. Therefore, ab initio theoretical studies on the Lewis acid−base interactions between cyclotriphosphazene derivatives and AlF3 are performed. The theoretical results indicate that the strongest binding between X-1P and AlF3 is achieved when the endocyclic nitrogen atom bonds to the aluminum, providing a binding energy of the order of −55 kcal/mol. The magnitude of the binding energy indicates significant bonding as opposed to a dipole−dipole attraction. The lone pair of electrons on the phenoxy substituents also provide strong binding to AlF3, although not to the extent the nitrogen atoms do, with binding energies near −37 kcal/mol. Binding to fluorine is considerably smaller, near −8 kcal/mol. The population analyses indicate that the preferred nitrogen interaction involves the p-orbital that contains the in-plane lone pair of electrons. A computed reaction coordinate with [NPH2]3 and AlF3 gives every indication that the in-plane interaction is strongest and most stable on the potential energy surface. There is little desire on the part of the N3P3 ring itself to interact with Lewis acid sites parallel to the plane of the ring, i.e., with the p-orbitals housing the lone pair of electrons perpendicular to the plane of the ring. These orbitals instead provide weak π bonding with the phosphorus d-orbitals and are energetically well below the HOMO. The reason for the strong binding between AlF3 and the ring nitrogen atom originates from the polar, almost zwitterionic character of the endocyclic P−N bond, which polarizes the nitrogen atom negatively. All data lead to the conclusion that if the ring nitrogen in X-1P is sterically accessible, this will be the preferred binding site.
A Coxiella burnetti repeated DNA element resembling a bacterial insertion sequence (1992)

A DNA fragment located on the 3' side of the Coxiella burnetii htpAB operon was determined by Southern blotting to exist in approximately 19 copies in the Nine Mile I genome. The DNA sequences of this htpAB-associated repetitive element and two other independent copies were analyzed to determine the size and nature of the element. The three copies of the element were 1,450, 1,452, and 1,458 bp long, with less than 2% divergence among the three sequences. Several features characteristic of bacterial insertion sequences were discovered. These included a single significant open reading frame that would encode a 367-amino-acid polypeptide which was predicted to be highly basic, to have a DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif, to have a leucine zipper motif, and to have homology to polypeptides found in several other bacterial insertion sequences. Identical 7-bp inverted repeats were found at the ends of all three copies of the element. However, duplications generated by many bacterial mobile elements in the recipient DNA during insertion events did not flank the inverted repeats of any of the three C. burnetii elements examined. A second pair of inverted repeats that flanked the open reading frame was also found in all three copies of the element. Most of the divergence among the three copies of the element occurred in the region between the two inverted repeat sequences in the 3' end of the element. Despite the sequence changes, all three copies of the element have retained significant dyad symmetry in this region.
Subpubic Prostatectomy: An Approach for Removal of the Enlarged Prostate (1972)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1972Subpubic Prostatectomy: An Approach for Removal of the Enlarged Prostate A. Shafik A. ShafikA. Shafik More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61052-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Subpubic Prostatectomy: An Approach for Removal of the Enlarged Prostate." The Journal of Urology, 107(3), pp. 448–449 © 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 107Issue 3March 1972Page: 448-449 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information A. Shafik More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Effects of flavonoids and related compounds from mulberry tree on arachidonate metabolism in rat platelet homogenates. (1986)

The effects of various flavonoids and related compounds isolated from the root bark of mulberry tree on rat platelet lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products formed from [1-14C] arachidonic acid were studied. Morusin was found to inhibit the formations of 12-hydroxy-, 8, 10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and thromboxane B2 (cyclooxygenase products) more strongly than the formation of 12-hydroxy-5, 8, 10, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) (12-lipoxygenase product). Oxydihydromorusin and kuwanon C were also found to inhibit the formation of thromboxane B2 more strongly than the formations of HHT and 12-HETE. Mulberrofuran A inhibited the formations of HHT and thromboxane B2, but it increased the formation of 12-HETE. Albanol B and mulberrofuran F did not affect arachidonate metabolism in rat platelet homogenates.