gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization by Raman spectroscopy of conformational changes on guanine–cytosine and adenine–thymine oligonucleotides induced by aminooxy analogues of spermidine (2004)

Abstract The interactions between aminooxy analogues of the biogenic polyamine spermidine and selected 15‐mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides with alternating purine–pyrimidine base sequences, adenine–thymine (AT) and guanine–cytosine (GC), have been studied using Raman spectroscopy. These analogues resulted from the substitution of the two terminal aminomethylene groups of spermidine, + NH 3 CH 2 , by an aminooxy one, H 2 NO. Since this biogenic polyamine has no centre of symmetry, there are two different isosteric molecules, which have been named AOEPUT and APAPA. However, the pK a of an aminooxy group (about 5) is not high enough to be protonated at neutral pH. Therefore, under physiological conditions, these analogues have a positive charge less than spermidine, which makes them suitable models to investigate the roles of both charge and structure in the polyamine–DNA interactions. Raman spectra of solutions containing different concentrations of the analogues, from 10 to 75 m M , and either a GC and an AT oligonucleotide, at a fixed concentration 60 m M (in phosphate), were recorded. The spectra demonstrated the existence of strong differences in the oligonucleotide‐analogue interactions depending on the base sequences. In the presence of the aminooxy analogues, a 15‐mer GC oligonucleotide adopted a highly ordered tertiary structure (aggregate state or Ψ‐DNA) and, at the same time, it changed its secondary structure (from B to Z‐DNA). Evidence of macromolecular transitions was not achieved from the Raman spectra of a 15‐mer AT oligonucleotide. However, the assignments of the Raman bands indicated that both H 2 NO groups of the aminooxy analogues and exocyclic NH 2 groups of the oligonucleotides could act as preferential binding sites. However, different spectral features were observed between AOEPUT and APAPA in the presence of the oligonucleotides. This fact supports the idea that the two amino terminal groups of spermidine could have different roles in the interaction of this biogenic polyamine with DNA. Our results also confirm that the aminooxy analogues of biogenic polyamines could act as stabilizers of non‐viral transfection vectors, thus improving the efficiency of gene therapy protocols. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative Deformable Surface Tracking in Multi-View Setups (2010)

In this paper we present a method to iteratively capture the dynamic evolution of a surface from a set of point clouds independently acquired from multi-view videos. This is done without prior knowledge on the observed shape and simply deforms the first reconstructed mesh across the sequence to fit these point clouds while preserving the local rigidity with respect to this reference pose. The deformation of this mesh is guided by control points that are randomly seeded on the surface, and around which rigid motions are locally averaged. These rigid motions are computed by iteratively re-establishing point-to-point associations between the deformed mesh and the target data in a way inspired by ICP. Our method introduces a way to account for the point dynamics when establishing these correspondences, a higher level rigidity model between the control points and a coarse-to-fine strategy that allows to fit the temporally inconsistent data more precisely. Experimental results, including quantitative analysis, on standard and challenging datasets obtained from real video sequences show the robustness and the precision of the proposed scheme.
Computerized assessment of depression and anxiety over the telephone using interactive voice response. (1999)

We examined the reliability and validity of computer-administered versions of the Hamilton Depression (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA) Rating Scales that were administered over the telephone using Interactive Voice Response (IVR). In two identical studies (HAMD: N = 113, HAMA: N = 74), both the IVR- and clinician-administered versions were administered in a counterbalanced order to a heterogeneous sample of subjects with psychiatric disorders and controls. Both the IVR HAMD and HAMA demonstrated adequate internal-consistency reliability (.90 and .93, respectively) and test-retest reliability (.74 and .97, respectively). The correlation between the IVR and clinician was high (HAMD = .96; HAMA = .65). The mean score difference between the IVR and clinician versions was less than one point for both the HAMD (.69 of a point) and HAMA (.60 of a point). It took subjects 12.23 minutes to complete the IVR HAMD, compared to 15.21 minutes for the clinician version; and 11.27 minutes for the IVR HAMA, compared to 15.33 minutes for the clinician (p < .001 for both comparisons). Subjects rated the clinician better in the areas of how much they liked being interviewed and how well they were able to describe their feelings. However, they were significantly more embarrassed with the clinician than with the IVR. Results support the psychometric properties of the IVR versions of the HAMD and HAMA scales. IVR technology presents new opportunities for expanding the utility of computerized clinical assessment.
Serum and urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels as predicting factors of Kawasaki disease activity. (1993)

From January 1988 to Autumn 1991, 60 patients suffering from Kawasaki disease (KD) were recruited in this study. Their ages ranged from 4 months to 5 years. Diagnosis was based on the criteria revised in 1984 by the KD Research Committee in Japan. Of these, 12 cases developed coronary aneurysms. First, blood samples from 60 KD patients were taken on admission before aspirin and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. Convalescent blood samples were taken 3 months after onset of disease. The control group included (1) 10 cases of viral infection with skin rash and fever (aged 5 months to 5 years) and (2) 10 age and sex matched normal children admitted for elective pediatric surgery such as inguinal hernia. Second, urinary samples were collected from 32 cases during the acute phase of KD. Of these, 10 cases had pyuria and/or proteinuria. The results showed that the serum IL-6 levels from KD patients during the first week of acute phase were significantly increased while undetectable in the convalescent sera and controls. There was also a statistical difference between the with and without coronary aneurysm groups during the first week (336.8 +/- 95.1 vs 125.5 +/- 56.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Urinary IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in KD patients with pyuria and/or proteinuria (156.6 +/- 77.7 pg/mg Cr) and undetectable in the group without pyuria and proteinuria and controls during the first week. There was no difference between with and without coronary aneurysm. These results suggest that serum IL-6 level is a useful factor for predicting formation of coronary aneurysm even within one week after onset of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spam double-funnel (2007)

Spammers use questionable search engine optimization (SEO) techniques to promote their spam links into top search results. In this paper, we focus on one prevalent type of spam - redirection spam - where one can identify spam pages by the third-party domains that these pages redirect traffic to. We propose a five-layer, double-funnel model for describing end-to-end redirection spam, present a methodology for analyzing the layers, and identify prominent domains on each layer using two sets of commercial keywords. one targeting spammers and the other targeting advertisers. The methodology and findings are useful for search engines to strengthen their ranking algorithms against spam, for legitimate website owners to locate and remove spam doorway pages, and for legitimate advertisers to identify unscrupulous syndicators who serve ads on spam pages.
A β-Lactone-Based Strategy Applied to the Total Synthesis of (8<i>S</i>,21<i>S</i>,22<i>S</i>,23<i>R</i>)- and (8<i>R</i>,21<i>S</i>,22<i>S</i>,23<i>R</i>)-Okinonellin B (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA β-Lactone-Based Strategy Applied to the Total Synthesis of (8S,21S,22S,23R)- and (8R,21S,22S,23R)-Okinonellin BWilliam D. Schmitz, N. Brian Messerschmidt, and Daniel RomoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 300012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7, 2058–2059Publication Date (Web):March 12, 1998Publication History Received11 December 1997Published online12 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9722360https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9722360rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1197Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Anions,Molecular structure,Pharmaceuticals,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
The synthesis and performance of Zr-doped and W–Zr-codoped VO₂ nanoparticles and derived flexible foils (2014)

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a key material for thermochromic smart window applications because of its Mott phase transition properties. However, the applications of VO₂ have been restricted because of its drawbacks in performance, including high phase transition temperature (Tc), low luminous transmittance (Tₗᵤₘ), limited solar energy modulation ability (ΔTₛₒₗ) and unpleasant color. Various studies have been undertaken to resolve these problems but the improvement in any one aspect is always accompanied by a deterioration of the others. This paper reports that Zr doping can simultaneously decrease Tc, increase Tₗᵤₘ, improve ΔTₛₒₗ and modify the color of VO₂ foils. The Tc value decreased from 68.6 °C to 64.3 °C at 9.8% Zr-doping; meanwhile, the composite foils prepared from Zr-doped VO₂ nanoparticles exhibited excellent luminous transmittance (up to 60.4%) and solar energy modulation ability (up to 14.1%). The experimental optical band gap was 1.59 eV for the undoped VO₂, which increased to 1.89 eV at 9.8% doping. As a result, the color of the Zr-doped foils was modified to increase their luminous transmittance and lighten the yellowish color of the VO₂ foil. The first-principles calculation was in good agreement with the experiment results. The W–Zr-codoped VO₂ nanoparticles were prepared to further decrease the transition temperature (28.6 °C), while simultaneously maintaining the luminous transmittance (48.6%) and solar energy modulation ability (4.9%) of the derived foils.
Optimizing overlay topology by reducing cut vertices (2006)

Overlay networks provide base infrastructures for many areas including multimedia streaming and content distributions. Since most overlay networks are highly decentralized and self-organized, cut vertices may exist in such systems due to the lack of centralized management. A cut vertex is defined as a network node whose removal increases the number of network components. Failure of these nodes can break an overlay into a large number of disconnected components and greatly downgrade the upper layer services like media streaming. We propose here a distributed mechanism, CAM, which efficiently detects the cut vertices before they fail and neutralizes them into normal overlay nodes with slight overhead so that the possibility of network decomposition is minimized after they fail. We prove the correctness of this algorithm and evaluate the performance of our design through trace driven simulations.
Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Modulate Synaptic Transmission and Impair LTP Via NMDA-Receptor Activation (2012)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common representative of a group of disorders known as synucleinopathies, in which misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (a-syn) in various brain regions is the major pathological hallmark. Indeed, the motor symptoms in PD are caused by a heterogeneous degeneration of brain neurons not only in substantia nigra pars compacta but also in other extrastriatal areas of the brain. In addition to the well known motor dysfunction in PD patients, cognitive deficits and memory impairment are also an important part of the disorder, probably due to disruption of synaptic transmission and plasticity in extrastriatal areas, including the hippocampus. Here, we investigated the impact of a-syn aggregation on AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated rat hippocampal (CA3-CA1) synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), the neurophysiological basis for learning and memory. Our data show that prolonged exposure to a-syn oligomers, but not monomers or fibrils, increases basal synaptic transmission through NMDA receptor activation, triggering enhanced contribution of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. Slices treated with a-syn oligomers were unable to respond with further potentiation to theta-burst stimulation, leading to impaired LTP. Prior delivery of a low-frequency train reinstated the ability to express LTP, implying that exposure to a-syn oligomers drives the increase of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, preventing further potentiation by physiological stimuli. Our novel findings provide mechanistic insight on how a-syn oligomers may trigger neuronal dysfunction and toxicity in PD and other synucleinopathies.
Improved Slow Light Capacity In Graphene-based Waveguide (2015)

We have systematically investigated the wideband slow light in two-dimensional material graphene, revealing that graphene exhibits much larger slow light capability than other materials. The slow light performances including material dispersion, bandwidth, dynamic control ability, delay-bandwidth product, propagation loss, and group-velocity dispersion are studied, proving graphene exhibits significant advantages in these performances. A large delay-bandwidth product has been obtained in a simple yet functional grating waveguide with slow down factor c/v(g) at 163 and slow light bandwidth Δω at 94.4 nm centered at 10.38 μm, which is several orders of magnitude larger than previous results. Physical explanation of the enhanced slow light in graphene is given. Our results indicate graphene is an excellent platform for slow light applications, promoting various future slow light devices based on graphene.
Catheter Ablation for Hemodynamically Unstable Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (2000)

Ablation of poorly tolerated VT is feasible in some patients by mapping during sinus rhythm and performing ablation over a region of identifiable scar that contains abnormal conduction and a presumptive VT exit.
Microstructures and Magnetic Domain Structures of Sintered Sm(Co<SUB>0.720</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.200</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.055</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.025</SUB>)<SUB>7.5</SUB> Permanent Magnet Studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2006)

Microstructures and magnetic domain structures of precipitation-hardened Sm(Co0.720Fe0.200Cu0.055Zr0.025)7.5 permanent magnets obtained by various heat treatments are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that Cu atoms gradually segregate into SmCo5 phase with the increase in aging time. The domain walls in the solution-treated, 6-h isothermal-aged magnets are straight, while those in the step-aged magnet are zigzag shaped along the cell boundaries of the SmCo5 phases (1:5 H phases). In the demagnetized state of the step-aged magnet, it is found that the domain wall is located almost on the 1:5 H cell boundary phase containing Cu atoms, where the distribution of lines of magnetic flux strongly deviates from the axis of easy magnetization, particularly near the zigzag domain wall, and the lines of magnetic flux flow symmetrically along the center of the 1:5 H cell boundary phase. In the remanent state of the step-aged magnet, it is confirmed that domain walls are strongly pinned almost to the 1:5 H cell boundary phase containing Cu atoms, eventually resulting in a high coercivity in a Sm(Co0.720Fe0.200Cu0.055Zr0.025)7.5 permanent magnet.
Understanding Service Factor, Thermal Models, and Overloads (2006)

Induction motors require thermal protection to prevent overheating to cyclic as well as steady state overloads. This paper discusses the problem that occurred while a customer was testing the motor relay that trip prematurely when subjected to cyclic loads that do not overheat the motor and the characteristic curves are analyzed.
Comparison of lyophilized plasmas with fresh plasmas for calibration of thromboplastin reagents in oral anticoagulant control (1996)

In a multicentre study of four thromboplastin reference materials (three from rabbit brain and one from bovine brain combined with adsorbed bovine plasma), three types of lyophilized plasmas were included. One was a pooled normal plasma, another was made by pooling plasmas of coumarin‐treated patients, and the third was prepared by adsorption of vitamin K dependent clotting factors (artificially depleted). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these lyophilized plasmas could be used for reliable calibration of the four thromboplastins. Calibration line slopes were calculated for the lyophilized plasmas and compared to the slopes based on fresh plasmas. When a rabbit thromboplastin was calibrated against a similar but not identical reagent (like‐to‐like comparison), the slopes for lyophilized plasmas and for fresh plasmas were the same. However, significant differences between lyophilized and fresh plasmas were observed in the calibration of unlike thromboplastins. The deviation of the slope with artificially depleted plasma was greater than that with lyophilized coumarin plasma. Indiscriminate use of these lyophilized plasmas for thromboplastin calibration should be avoided.
Mechanism of “Living” Radical Polymerization Mediated by Stable Nitroxyl Radicals (1996)

Abstract It is shown that in order for the “living” radical polymerization mediated by stable nitroxyl radical (SNR) to proceed successfully, a constant supply of initiating radicals (by, e.g., thermal initiation) to make up for the loss of polymer radicals due to irreversible bimolecular termination is essential in addition to the frequent reversible combination of polymer radical with SNR. The stationary rate of SNR-mediated polymerization is totally independent of the SNR concentration, being equal to the polymerization rate of the SNR-free system. Experimental evidence is presented showing that in the “living” polymerization of styrene, both of these requirements are met in fact.
Inversionless amplification of coherent terahertz radiation (2003)

We experimentally demonstrate inversionless amplification of the emission from electronic transitions in a solid state system inside a cavity. A semiconductor-based terahertz (THz) emitter is exposed to a coherent, phasematched THz background field during the emission process leading to an increase in the overall emitted THz power of more than one order of magnitude. The experimental concept and results are discussed within a three-level model and an extended density matrix approach.
Studies on the light‐focusing plastic rod. XIII. Photocopolymerization of methyl methacrylate–vinyl esters of aromatic carboxylic acid (1982)

Abstract The light‐focusing plastic rod (LFR) was prepared by the photocopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with vinyl phenylacetate (VPAc) and vinyl benzoate (VB), using benzoyl peroxide (BPO), benzoin (BN), and benzoin methyl ether (BME) as an initiator. The LFR with high transparency and steep refractive‐index distribution was obtained using the MMA–VPAc pair and the BME. The difference in the index distributions under BPO, BN, and BME initiations was clarified in terms of the photoinitiation rate and the accompanying thermal polymerization during the photocopolymerization process. The light scattering intensity from the LFR was related to the heterogeneity of the copolymer composition and the compatibility between the M 1 and M 2 polymers. The comparison of the light scattering theory with the experimental data indicated that the much less scattering intensity from the MMA–VPAc LFR than the MMA–VB LFR should be attributed to the good compatibility between the MMA and VPAc polymers, and scarcely attributed to the index difference between the VPAc and VB polymers.
Objective Function Effect Based Pattern Search—Theoretical Framework Inspired by 3D Component Layout (2006)

Though pattern search algorithms have been successfully applied to three-dimensional (3D) component layout problems, a number of unanswered questions remain regarding their parameter tuning. One such question is the scheduling of patterns in the search. Current pattern search methods treat all patterns similarly and all of them are active from the beginning to the end of the search. Observations from 3D component layout motivate the question whether patterns should be introduced in some different order during the search. This paper presents a novel method for scheduling patterns that is inspired by observations from 3D component layout problems. The new method introduces patterns into the search in the decreasing order of a priori expectation of the objective function change due to the patterns. Pattern search algorithms based on the new pattern schedule run 30% faster on average than conventional pattern search based algorithms on 3D component layout problems and general 2D multimodal surface minimization problems. However since determining the expected change in objective function value due to the patterns is expensive, we explore approximations using domain information.
Contrast-Enhanced Sonography Depicts Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer at Early Stages in a Preclinical Animal Model (2011)

The laying hen may be a useful animal model for determining ovarian tumor-associated vascular kinetics diagnostic of early-stage ovarian cancer using a contrast agent. This model may also be useful for testing the efficacy of different contrast agents in a preclinical setting.