gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ATP‐activated conductance in pheochromocytoma cells and its suppression by extracellular calcium. (1990)

1. ATP-activated inward current in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells was characterized using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. 2. ATP (100 microM) applied extracellular elicited an inward rectifying current with a reversal potential of about +7 mV. The current was desensitized in seconds in spite of continued presence of ATP. 3. A comparison was made of the ability of ATP and its analogues. The order of potency in activating the inward current was ATP greater than ATP gamma S greater than ADP; AMP, adenosine and alpha, beta-methylene ATP were inactive at concentrations up to mM. 4. The ATP-activated current was also observed when external Na+ and Ca2+ were replaced with K+, TEA, Tris or glucosamine. The order of ion selectivity was Na+ greater than K+ greater than TEA not equal to Tris greater than glucosamine. 5. The ATP-activated current was also recorded in extracellular solutions containing Ca2+ as the only external cation. The amplitude increased as the concentration of Ca2+ was increased in the range between 1.8 and 16.2 mM. However, the current amplitude decreased at higher Ca2+ concentrations and the current was not recorded in 110 mM-Ca2+ solution. 6. In the presence of 140 mM-Na+ in the external solution, the current amplitude also decreased as the external Ca2+ concentration was increased (from 1.8 to 16.2 mM). 7. The results indicate that Ca2+ as well as monovalent cations permeate through the ATP-sensitive pathway and that Ca2+ blocks ion permeation, including its own permeation through the pathway. This regulation by extracellular Ca2+ is different to the ATP-activated current in smooth muscle cells.
Less Grammar, More Features (2014)

We present a parser that relies primarily on extracting information directly from surface spans rather than on propagating information through enriched grammar structure. For example, instead of creating separate grammar symbols to mark the definiteness of an NP, our parser might instead capture the same information from the first word of the NP. Moving context out of the grammar and onto surface features can greatly simplify the structural component of the parser: because so many deep syntactic cues have surface reflexes, our system can still parse accurately with context-free backbones as minimal as Xbar grammars. Keeping the structural backbone simple and moving features to the surface also allows easy adaptation to new languages and even to new tasks. On the SPMRL 2013 multilingual constituency parsing shared task (Seddah et al., 2013), our system outperforms the top single parser system of Bjorkelund et al. (2013) on a range of languages. In addition, despite being designed for syntactic analysis, our system also achieves stateof-the-art numbers on the structural sentiment task of Socher et al. (2013). Finally, we show that, in both syntactic parsing and sentiment analysis, many broad linguistic trends can be captured via surface features.
Reaching Citizens’ Engagement by Services: Swiss Use Case (2016)

Collaboration with citizens and users plays an increasing role in the transformation of public services towards new forms of production and delivery. Thus there is a need to modernize the civil service to accelerate innovation in governments, as civil servants will also have an important role to play. Digital civic engagement platforms can provide a more attractive and accessible means for participation. We believe that neither an exclusive top-down approach nor a bottom-up approach can address the current needs. Instead a hybrid approach should be designed. This paper presents a novel approach to address the issue of current civic disengagement. This approach is illustrated through four different use cases in the Swiss context.
The Effects of Polymeric Additives on the Crystallization of Compounds Found in the Evaporator Scales of Australian Sugar Mills (I), Compositions of the Scale Deposits (1993)

Abstract The composition of scales formed in multiple evaporator units at three Australian sugar mills have been determined using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and other analytical methods. The composition of the scales formed in each mill have been found to be significantly different and to depend on whether they originated from early or later stages of the evaporation process. Calcium oxalate (present as the di and monohydrate) was identified as a major component of the scales from one mill but was found to be only a minor component of the scales from the other two. The latter were shown to contain two or more forms of calcium phosphate as dominant phases. Amorphous or crystalline silica was found to be present in most of the scales examined.
TRANSMISSION OF LATENT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN A MURINE KIDNEY TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION MODEL (1985)

This paper examines the hypothesis that latent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) may be transmitted in kidney tissue to transplant recipients. Balb/c mice were infected with MCMV, and at intervals of less than 1 week to greater than 1 year, transmission of the virus from infected donors was attempted by transplantation of kidney sections or transfusion of blood into uninfected recipients. Graft recipients were killed from 2-4 weeks later, and cultured for MCMV. Restriction endonuclease digestion profiles of viral DNA were performed. Acutely infected donors transmitted MCMV in kidney tissue to 83-66% of untreated, susceptible recipients. Latently infected donors transmitted the infecting strain of virus to 20% of all and 31% of immunosuppressed recipients but to 37% of the syngeneic versus 21% of the allogeneic (P less than .027). Blood transfusions transmitted latent virus to 28% of recipients. In conclusion, kidney tissue may serve as the source of latent virus in this murine transplantation model. Retained blood in the kidney is unlikely to be the only source of virus.
Transcription factor RF2a alters expression of the rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter in transgenic tobacco plants (2001)

The promoter from rice tungro bacilliform badnavirus (RTBV) is expressed only in phloem tissues in transgenic rice plants. RF2a, a b-Zip protein from rice, is known to bind to the Box II cis element near the TATA box of the promoter. Here, we report that the full-length RTBV promoter and a truncated fragment E of the promoter, comprising nucleotides -164 to +45, result in phloem-specific expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes in transgenic tobacco plants. When a fusion gene comprising the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and RF2a cDNA was coexpressed with the GUS reporter genes, GUS activity was increased by 2-20-fold. The increase in GUS activity was positively correlated with the amount of RF2a, and the expression pattern of the RTBV promoter was altered from phloem-specific to constitutive. Constitutive expression of RF2a did not induce morphological changes in the transgenic plants. In contrast, constitutive overexpression of the b-ZIP domain of RF2a had a strong effect on the development of transgenic plants. These studies suggest that expression of the b-Zip domain can interfere with the function of homologues of RF2a that regulate development of tobacco plants.
Enhancement of Cytotoxicities of Ricin and <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by Nigericin (1981)

Nigericin and monensin, ionophores for Na+ and K+, have been found to enhance the cytotoxicities of abrin, ricin, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. They do not affect the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin in the same cell line. Maximal sensitization of the CHO cells toward ricin and Pseudomonas toxin requires preculture of CHO cells in the presence of nigericin. Inhibition of protein synthesis in CHO cells by ricin or Pseudomonas toxin is also enhanced by preculture of CHO cells in the presence of nigericin. These results suggest a common step in the intoxication process of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin, the rate of which is facilitated by pretreatment with nigericin. This step is, however, not shared by the intoxication of CHO cells with diphtheria toxin.
Cross spectra between pressure and temperature in a constant-area duct downstream of a hydrogen-fueled combustor (1983)

Pressure temperature cross spectra are necessary in predicting noise propagation in regions of velocity gradients downstream of combustors if the effect of convective entropy disturbances is included. Pressure temperature cross spectra and coherences were measured at spatially separated points in a combustion rig fueled with hydrogen. Temperature-temperature and pressure-pressure cross spectra and coherences between the spatially separated points as well as temperature and pressure autospectra were measured. These test results were compared with previous results obtained in the same combustion rig using Jet A fuel in order to investigate their dependence on the type of combustion process. The phase relationships are not consistent with a simple source model that assumes that pressure and temperature are in phase at a point in the combustor and at all other points downstream are related to one another by only a time delay due to convection of temperature disturbances. Thus these test results indicate that a more complex model of the source is required.
Myelin basic protein, oligoclonal bands, and IgG in cerebrospinal fluid as indicators of multiple sclerosis. (1981)

There currently are three clinical laboratory procedures for use with cerebrospinal fluid that assist in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: measurement of myelin basic protein and IgG, and demonstration of an oligoclonal band. We compared characteristics of these procedures, using CSF samples from 166 patients identified as having (54 patients) or not having (112 patients) multiple sclerosis. We find that oligoclonal band demonstration is the most useful single test in helping to establish the presence of multiple sclerosis; IgG quantitation is the least helpful. Myelin basic protein should be quantitated for following the activity of multiple sclerosis; it may be applied only selectively in the context of screening. The incidence of false-positive results reinforces the view that the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis must be made in clinical context. These laboratory procedures are not suitable for use as screening tests.
A MILLISECOND STOPPED-FLOW INSTRUMENT WITH FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME DETECTION CAPABILITIES (1993)

Many rapid reactions in biology, and especially in protein folding, have been studied with stopped-flow (or concentration jump) techniques.We have developed an instrument that combines the millisecond stopped-flow mixing capabilities of a commercial unit (Biologic) with the picosecond resolution of fluorescence from a laser-based, frequency-domain fluorometer.The advantages of frequency domain fluorescence lifetime detection of millisecond reaction kinetics include: 1) utilization of the full fluorescence signal (sensitivity equivalent to steadystate measurements); 2) a frequency range suitable for resolution of complex lifetime schemes; 3) at a given frequency, two independent measurements of the lifetime (phase and modulation) are obtained.Our hybrid mixing instrument offers a variable time base, single or multiple shot averaging, facile frequency selection, a variety of detection modalities (transmission; fluorescence intensity, polarization, lifetime or anisotropy).To test its operation in the millisecond regime, we examined the ligand binding of ANS to albumin and fluorescein to IgG 4-4-20.
Efficacies of amphotericin B-desoxycholate (Fungizone), liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and fluconazole in the treatment of systemic candidosis in immunocompetent and leucopenic mice (1993)

The in-vitro activities of amphotericin B-desoxycholate (AmB-DOC), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) and fluconazole were determined against a single strain of Candida albicans. In addition, the efficacies of these agents in the treatment of systematic candidosis in both immunocompetent and leucopenic mice were compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of AmB-DOC and L-AmB were similar, but on the basis of time-kill studies, the fungicidal activity of L-AmB was significantly less than that of AmB-DOC. In immunocompetent mice, the dosage of AmB-DOC was limited by toxicity, resulting in a maximum tolerated dosage (MTD) of 0.4 mg/kg/day during treatment for 5 days; L-AMB was less toxic, the MTD being 7 mg/kg/day following a treatment period of the same duration. Both AmB-DOC and L-AmB led to significant reductions in the numbers of C. albicans in the kidneys of these mice and prevented relapse of infection after completion of treatment. Fluconazole in dosages of 0.4 and 64 mg/kg/day resulted in initial reductions in the numbers of cfu but failed to prevent relapse. In leucopenic mice, treatment for 5 days with AmB-DOC in a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg/day resulted in survival of the animals and a significant reduction in the numbers of cfu in the liver, spleen and lungs. However, there was no reduction in the number of cfu in the kidneys and this led to relapse of infection once therapy was terminated. Fluconazole in a dosage of 64 mg/kg/day produced effects which were similar to those of AmB-DOC; prolonged treatment with fluconazole for 18 days did not improve the efficacy of this agent. Only treatment with high-dosage (7 mg/kg/day) L-AmB was effective in significantly reducing the numbers of cfu of C. albicans in the kidneys and other organs of leucopenic mice, as well as preventing relapse, even in severely infected animals.
Durum wheat for the future: challenges, research and prospects in the 21st Century (2014)

Durum wheat for the future: challenges, research and prospects in the 21st CenturyPasta, made from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), is a staple food product in many parts of the world.Durum wheat grain is characterised by high levels of protein and yellow pigment, is very hard (which is ideal for making semolina), has strong and stable dough ideal for the production of high quality pasta and other durum derived products.Globally, some 35-40 million tonnes of durum are produced annually.Most production is centred in the Mediterranean region, Canada, North America, Mexico, Maghreb countries, and India, with small amounts of highly valued durum being produced in Australia.Durum wheat is typically grown under rain-fed conditions in the semi-arid regions of the world.Rainfall can vary dramatically in these regions, and consequently the quality of the grain can be variable.A range of pathogens, but primarily Fusarium species (and some rusts); also significantly affect durum production.The adverse impact of mineral deficiencies, disease and water stress on the plant have previously limited the ability of durum breeders to significantly increase yield, while also ensuring high grain quality, in new varieties.However, the complexities of these traits have not necessarily been explored to the same extent in durum wheat as for common (bread) wheat.Hence, research that addresses these challenges will be important for the future growth of the durum industry worldwide.Papers presented in this Special Issue of Crop and Pasture Science demonstrate the broad array of research that is being conducted worldwide in an attempt to understand and address the barriers to high-yielding, high-quality durum wheat production.This Special Issue largely arose out of discussions between durum wheat researchers at two recent international symposia on the genetics and breeding of durum wheat (Adelaide, Australia, 2012 and Rome, Italy, 2013).Being a minor wheat crop, typically many research reports on durum become dispersed in the main literature on wheat and other crops therefore, a dedicated journal issue addressing this important crop is welcome amongst durum wheat
Elastic Surface Waves on Free Surface and Metallized Surface of CdS, ZnO, and PZT-4 (1967)

Velocities, particle displacement, and piezoelectric field associated with surface elastic waves in CdS, ZnO, and lead-titanate zirconate (PZT-4) have been computed for two cases, with and without metallic coating on the surface. Compiled are data for CdS, ZnO, with their c axis normal to the surface, and PZT-4, poled in the direction normal to the surface. The velocity of propagation is found to be slightly lowered by the presence of metallic coating. Such change in velocity is applied to conduct an experiment which shows strong Bragg's reflection of elastic surface waves by metallic thin-film gratings. It has been pointed out that the previously reported surface wave velocities inferred from the response of interdigital transducer are believed to be slightly lower than the actual velocity of propagation.
Charge collection scanning electron microscopy (1982)

This review encompasses the application of the scanning electron microscope to the study and characterization of semiconductor materials and devices by the Electron Beam Induced Conductivity (EBIC) method. In this technique, the charge carriers generated by the electron beam of the microscope are collected by an electric field within the material and sensed as a current in an external circuit. When employed as the video signal of the SEM, this collected current image reveals inhomogeneities in the electrical properties of the material. The technique has been used to determine carrier lifetime, diffusion length, defect energy levels, and surface recombination velocities. Charge collection images reveal the location of p-n junctions, recombination sites such as dislocations and precipitates, and the presence of doping level inhomogeneities. Both the theoretical foundation and the practical aspects of these effects are discussed in a tutorial fashion in this review.
Antibacterial activity of actinomycetes against bacterial pathogens of diabetic foot ulcers (2013)

Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), a major complication in Type 2 diabetes are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. To screen various bacterial pathogens present in diabetic foot ulcers and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity to actinomycetes isolated from various fields of Chandragiri, Tirupati, twenty four actinomycetes isolates were isolated and screened by primary and secondary screening methods to determine potent antibiotic producers by using test organisms. Among 24 isolates, 4 were more potent and they showed varied range of antibacterial activity of pathogens, isolated form diabetic foot ulcers. Four isolates were compared with lenezoid antibiotic. Enterococcus was resistant to lenezoid antibiotic but four actinomycetes inhibited the growth of Enterococi.
Role of prebiotic and probiotic in the management of chronic kidney disease patients (2016)

Chronic Kidney disease is more common in Indian population today. Hence the need of medications for chronic kidney disease also increased now a days. This study is designed to investigate the role of Prebiotics and probiotics in the management of chronic kidney disease patient. Oral administration of a probiotic formulation of selected microbial strains may extend renoprotection via intraintestinal extraction of toxic waste solutes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) . The idea behind the research is to prevent the development of key damaging uremic toxins by targeting the process of bacterial protein fermentation in the gut. People with kidney disease have been shown to have a disturbed gut flora, which promotes the increased production of those harmful toxins. By supplementing patients with a specific combination of bacteria (probiotics) and beneficial fibre to support the growth of the good bacteria (prebiotics), it improve the health of the gut, suppressing the growth of bad bacteria and therefore decreasing the production of the toxins. In turn this should assist in delaying further kidney disease progression and improve heart health
Comparison of the effectiveness of inhaler devices in asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease: a systematic review of the literature (2001)

This systematic review examined the evidence from clinical trials evaluating the clinical effectiveness of different inhaler devices in the delivery of inhaled corticosteroids and beta2-bronchodilators for patients with asthma and COPD. The evidence from the published clinical literature demonstrates no difference in clinical effectiveness between nebulisers and alternative inhaler devices compared to standard pMDI with or without a spacer device. The cost-effectiveness evidence therefore favours pMDIs (or the cheapest inhaler device) as first-line treatment in all patients with stable asthma unless other specific reasons are identified. Patients can use pMDIs as effectively as other inhaler devices as long as the correct inhalation technique is taught. CONCLUSIONS--RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Further clinical trials are required to demonstrate any differences in the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of inhaler devices and nebulisers compared with pMDIs. These should be of sufficient statistical power and methodological rigour to demonstrate any clinical benefit. Trials should be undertaken in community settings to ensure the generalisability of results. Outcome measures should be more patient-centred and report adverse effects more completely. Reporting of data from trials should be improved.
Region-based coding of images using a spline model (2002)

This paper describes a second-generation region-based coding scheme operating in a subband environment. Specifically, this is a compression technique based on approximating the lowest-frequency subband of an image with a 2-D spline model. Following a segmentation procedure, parametric polynomials are fitted to the resulting regions of the lowest-frequency subband. This subband is then represented by the spline coefficients, the region boundary description and the residual error. The residual error plus the higher-frequency subbands are encoded using conventional pixel-based quantization schemes while we describe an efficient encoding scheme for the 2-D spline representation. An entropy-constrained design procedure is developed for designing these individual encoders to minimize the overall mean-square distortion subject to a constraint on the output entropy. A comprehensive study of the operational rate-distortion performance of the resulting scheme is presented, which indicates the superiority of this approach to the more traditional pixel-based entropy-constrained schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer system for process control based on data-driven (2012)

It presents a computer control system for process control based on data-driven. The system focuses on process data and is able to deal with the complex problems such as nonlinearity, significant delay, strong coupling and stochastic uncertainty, which are ubiquitous in process control. It adopts both modeling method based on data and learning control theory. The computer control system is composed of PC servers and high performance embedded special controllers. Control network adopts fully-distributed automation islands based on industrial Ethernet. So the powerful ability of data process is provided for the system and can satisfy the requirement of modeling and controlling based on data-driven.