gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restricted, but abundant, expression of the novel rat gene‐3 (R3) relaxin in the dorsal tegmental region of brain (2002)

Relaxin is a peptide hormone with known actions associated with female reproductive physiology, but it has also been identified in the brain. Only one relaxin gene had been characterized in rodents until recently when a novel human relaxin gene, human gene-3 (H3) and its mouse equivalent (M3) were identified. The current study reports the identification of a rat homologue, rat gene-3 (R3) relaxin that is highly expressed in a discrete region of the adult brain. The full R3 relaxin cDNA was generated using RT-PCR and 3' and 5' RACE protocols. The derived amino acid sequence of R3 relaxin retains all the characteristic features of a relaxin peptide and has a high degree of homology with H3 and M3 relaxin. The distribution of R3 relaxin mRNA in adult rat brain was determined and highly abundant expression was only detected in neurons of the ventromedial dorsal tegmental nucleus (vmDTg) in the pons, whereas all other brain areas were unlabelled or contained much lower mRNA levels. Relaxin binding sites and relaxin immunoreactivity were also detected in the vmDTg. These together with earlier findings provide strong evidence for a role(s) for multiple relaxin peptides as neurotransmitters and/or modulators in the rat CNS.
A qualitative evaluation of technologies and techniques for data collection on pedestrians and crowded situations (2007)

This paper provides an overview and a qualitative evaluation of the available technologies and techniques that can be applied to data collection on crowds. The issue is not trivial, as it doesn't exist an established method or a standard technique, or technology, to collect information on crowds, neither are established the dimensions of crowds that are relevant to gain knowledge about crowd dynamics. Data collection constitutes a critical issue also for pedestrian simulation, especially for the validation phase of simulation cycle. Introduction briefly resumes the main theories on crowds and introduces the kinds of quantities that can be measured in a crowd. Section 2. proposes a classification of the technologies that can be applied to crowd data collection while in Section 3. some data collection methods are exposed in details and a suggestion of some scenarios of application is provided. Section 4. will briefly describe a possible scenario of data collection, a stadium. In Section 5. a specific evaluation criteria is established and a qualitative evaluation of localization technologies is presented. Conclusions end the paper.
Modeling and analysis of electric field and electrostatic adhesion force generated by interdigital electrodes for wall climbing robots (2013)

A model is presented for the analysis of the electric field and electrostatic adhesion force produced by interdigital electrodes. Assuming that the potential varies linearly with distance in inter-electrode gaps, the potential distribution on the electrode plane is obtained by taking the first-order Taylor series approximation. The expressions of electric field components are then derived by solving the Laplace equation for the electrical potential in each subregion. The electrostatic adhesion force is calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor formulation. The dynamic properties of the electric field and electrostatic adhesion force are assessed by evaluating the transient response of the field and force under a step in applied voltages. To verify the model developed, an experimental study is carried out in conjunction with the theoretical analysis to evaluate the adhesion performance of an electrode panel on a glass pane. A double tracked wall climbing robot is designed and tested on various wall surfaces. The limit of the approximation method of the inter-electrode potential is discussed. It is found that vacuum suction force is involved in the adhesion. The influence of this vacuum suction force on electrostatic adhesion is also discussed. The results of this work would provide support for theoretical guidelines and system optimization for the electrostatic adhesion technology applied to wall climbing robots.
Plant polypeptides reversibly glycosylated by UDP-glucose. Possible components of Golgi beta-glucan synthase in pea cells. (1991)

In pea membranes, UDP[14C]Glc glycosylates a approximately 40-kDa polypeptide doublet. This label rapidly disappears if excess unlabeled UDP-Glc, or UDP, is added, indicating that the glycosylation is reversible, and suggesting that the glycosylated polypeptides might be intermediates in a glycosyl transfer reaction. Glycosylation of the doublet requires a divalent cation, the effective ions being the same (except for Zn2+) as those that activate Golgi-localized beta-glucan synthase (GS-I) activity. Treatments that inhibit GS-I also inhibit doublet glycosylation. The doublet is associated with Golgi (and to a minor extent with plasma) membranes and occurs also in the soluble fraction. The Golgi-bound doublet may be a component of the GS-I system. Immunological, inactivation, and fractionation evidence indicates that at least one other polypeptide is required in GS-I activity.
The effect of a PP2A inhibitor on the nuclear receptor corepressor pathway in glioma (2009)

These findings indicate that PP2A inhibition effectively disrupts N-CoR complex function/expression and leads to cytoplasmic translocation of N-CoR with subsequent tumor cell differentiation and/or death. Therapeutic paradigms that target N-CoR function in the cancer stem cell component of malignant gliomas may have treatment utility.
Induction of ras gene expression by homologous aggregation factor in cells from the sponge Geodia cydonium. (1988)

Northern blot data as well as immunocytochemical and immunoblotting experiments indicate that the sponge Geodia cydonium contains the ras gene (or ras-related gene). The ras gene transcript has a size of 1.5 kilobases and the ras gene product has an Mr of 23,000-26,000. While dissociated G. cydonium cells lack ras gene product, ras gene expression can be induced by incubating the cells with the cell-binding fragment of the homologous aggregation factor. Maximal expression was observed 10-15 h after addition of the fragment. The sponge ras protein was partially purified by immunoprecipitation and bound GTP with a dissociation constant of 1.8 x 10(-6) M. It was found to be associated with the cell membrane. Autoradiographic studies revealed that the ras protein binds to the plasma membrane-associated anti-aggregation receptor and thereby mediates the mitogenic response, caused by the homologous lectin. It is hypothesized that sponges are provided in addition to the aggregation factor-caused and protein kinase C-mediated pathway with a second mechanism of transduction of mitotic signals, the lectin-caused and ras-mediated signaling.
Heparin: an intervenor in cell communication (2009)

It was nearly 100 years since heparin was discovered, but the role of this widely used anticoagulant is still remarkably thought provoking now. During pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer and infection, phenomena of cell adhesion are ubiquitous and complicated. Heparin exerts anti-adhesion activity appearing as a common mechanism of its potential polypharmacology in those diseases. Furthermore, heparin can bind a variety of signalling molecules such as growth factors, cell surface proteins of pathogens and most notably, cell adhesion molecules. These signalling molecules are involved in cell communication, acting as ligands, receptors and second messengers. Considering that heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan is increasingly recognized as a key mediator in many cellular processes, the structural similarity with heparan sulphate suggests that heparin is a multifunctional intervenor in cell communication.
An experimental adaptive nulling receiver utilizing the sample matrix inversion algorithm with channel equalization (1991)

The authors explore two ideas for effectively achieving channel equalization within the framework of a narrowband sidelobe canceler. The first approach relies primarily on digital equalization to enhance conventional sample matrix inversion (SMI) performance, whereas the second utilizes feedback to extend the SMI method into the realm of analog adaptive cancellation. An experimental four-channel receiver that supports open-loop and closed-loop operation is described. As implemented, three different canceler modes are possible: feedforward, feedback, and a tandem feedback/feedforward combination. All three modes have been successfully demonstrated in bench experiments with a broadband noise source using the SMI algorithm. Cancellation ratios in excess of 50 dB have been achieved in a four-channel testbed system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of a bioactive bone‐inducing material consisting of collagen scaffolds and collagen‐binding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (2013)

Bioactive bone-inducing material (BBIM) is a collagen-based scaffold composed of demineralized bone matrix and collagen-binding domain bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). BBIM is regarded as a promising bone-inducing scaffold to repair bone defects. In this work, we evaluated the biocompatibility and osteogenecity of BBIM. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of BMP-2 on BBIM was detected and considered adequate. Kunming mice were used as the animal model to investigate the acute systemic toxicity, long-term bone regeneration, ectopic bone formation, and chronic systemic toxicity. Results show that BBIM induced no serious inflammatory reaction or acute and chronic systemic toxicity. Our analyses also demonstrated significant homogeneous ectopic bone formation as well as significantly high numbers of erythrocytes in the BBIM groups in the chronic systemic toxicity study, a phenomenon which may provide indirect proof of the bone regeneration capacity of BBIM, which may be considered as a bioactivity indicator in future studies.
Monodesmosidic saponins from Herniaria hirsuta. (2000)

Two new monodesmosidic saponins, herniaria saponins E and F, were isolated from the aerial parts of Herniaria hirsuta. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, their structures were established to be 2-O-acetyl medicagenic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)]-be ta- D-glucopyranoside (herniaria saponin E, 1) and medicagenic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (herniaria saponin F, compound 2).
Emerging role of calprotectin in gastroenterology (2003)

Calprotectin is a calcium and zinc binding protein of the S100 family derived predominantly from neutrophils and monocytes. It is detectable in body fluids and tissue samples and is emerging as a valuable marker in the diagnosis, and the monitoring and determining of the prognosis of commonly encountered gastroenterological conditions. Fecal calprotectin, in particular, has for a long time been regarded as a promising marker of gastrointestinal pathology and has now been established as a routine test in Norway and at several centers in the UK.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2010)

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by loss of motor neurons. Cognitive impairment occurs in a significant proportion of those affected. Numerous theories of pathogenesis have been advanced. The most cogent hypothesis is that genetic susceptibilities to neurodegeneration interact with environmental exposures, leading to neuronal injury, glial activation and neuronal death. Modern tools of molecular and cell biology and constructive international collaborations have provided insights into the factors that increase disease susceptibility. The important observation that genes associated with ribonucleic acid (RNA) processing are implicated in disease pathogenesis will undoubtedly influence the direction of research in the coming years. These factors, combined with improvements in clinical trial design, and an improved understanding of the limitations of translating positive findings from animal models to human subjects, are likely to lead to new and successful therapeutic options for patients in the near future. Key concepts: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor system degeneration. The incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is relatively uniform in populations of European ancestry. Disease frequency is lower in populations of mixed ancestry. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with cognitive decline in up to 50% of cases, and with dementia in up to 20%. There is an acknowledged clinical, imaging, neuropathologic and neurogenetic overlap between ALS and frontotemporal dementia. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a complex genetic condition, in which genetic susceptibility interacts with environmental exposures to produce a neurodegenerative cascade. The progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is due in part to the activation of glia, which contributes to the process of neurodegeneration. Recent genetic studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have implicated genes involving RNA regulation, including transcription, RNA splicing, RNA transport and translation.
<i>In situ</i> arsenic-doped Si1−yCy selective epitaxial growth under atmospheric pressure (2008)

We investigated the characteristics of in situ As-doped Si1−yCy selective epitaxial growth (SEG) under atmospheric pressure. We succeeded in obtaining an in situ doped Si1−yCy SEG film with a high As concentration of 2.6×1019atoms∕cm3. The film exhibited a high crystalline quality, high strain, constant As and C concentration profiles, and an abrupt change in the dopant profile at the interface. It was found that the increase in As concentration under atmospheric pressure increases the C concentration and the growth rate by competitive surface segregation between As and C atoms, leading to a highly strained Si1−yCy SEG film with a low resistivity.
Microsatellite Length Scoring by Single Molecule Real Time Sequencing – Effects of Sequence Structure and PCR Regime (2016)

Microsatellites are DNA sequences consisting of repeated, short (1-6 bp) sequence motifs that are highly mutable by enzymatic slippage during replication. Due to their high intrinsic variability, microsatellites have important applications in population genetics, forensics, genome mapping, as well as cancer diagnostics and prognosis. The current analytical standard for microsatellites is based on length scoring by high precision electrophoresis, but due to increasing efficiency next-generation sequencing techniques may provide a viable alternative. Here, we evaluated single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing, implemented in the PacBio series of sequencing apparatuses, as a means of microsatellite length scoring. To this end we carried out multiplexed SMRT sequencing of plasmid-carried artificial microsatellites of varying structure under different pre-sequencing PCR regimes. For each repeat structure, reads corresponding to the target length dominated. We found that pre-sequencing amplification had large effects on scoring accuracy and error distribution relative to controls, but that the effects of the number of amplification cycles were generally weak. In line with expectations enzymatic slippage decreased proportionally with microsatellite repeat unit length and increased with repetition number. Finally, we determined directional mutation trends, showing that PCR and SMRT sequencing introduced consistent but opposing error patterns in contraction and expansion of the microsatellites on the repeat motif and single nucleotide level.
Evaluation of four geomembrane-mounted PV systems for land reclamation in Southern Arizona (2012)

We describe four different photovoltaic (PV) systems that are deployed around Tucson Arizona on geomembranes to test the feasibility of converting mine tailings and landfills into solar energy generating sites. Differences between these deployed systems include: two types of geomembrane materials, two different module anatomies, and two different locations. We explain the different module mounting techniques that are unique to mine tailing sites. We also describe several failures that occurred during the first two years of operation. We present and validate predictions for the operating temperature of these systems and their associated electrical performance. We find PV modules mounted on light-colored thermoplastic with shielded wiring operate at lower temperatures, are more structurally stable, and have fewer wiring failures.
Getting More out of a Job Plot: Determination of Reactant to Product Stoichiometry in Cases of Displacement Reactions and <i>n</i>:<i>n</i> Complex Formation (2011)

The method of continuous variation (often referred to as Job's method) is an easy and common method for the determination of the reactant stoichiometry of chemical equilibria. The traditional interpretation of Job plots has been limited to complex association equilibria of the type nA + mB ⇌ A(n)B(m), while little focus has been placed upon displacement type reactions (e.g., A + B ⇌ C + D), which can give Job plots that look quite similar. We developed a novel method that allows the user to accurately distinguish between 1:1 complex association, 2:2 complex association, and displacement reactions using nothing more than a pocket calculator. This method involves preparing a Job plot of the system under investigation (using regularly spaced mole fractions), normalizing the measured quantities (such as the concentration of A(n)B(m) or C for the above reactions) to their maximum value (i.e., at mole fraction 0.5), and determining the sum of the normalized values. This sum is then compared with theoretically predicted normalized sum values that depend on the nature of the equilibrium. The relationship between, on the one hand, the sum of the normalized values and, on the other hand, the reaction equilibrium constant and the concentration of the stock solutions used for the preparation of the Job plot is also explored. The use of this new technique for the interpretation of Job plots permits users to readily determine information that can be obtained otherwise only with laborious additional experiments, as illustrated by the analysis of four Job plots taken from the literature.
Novel substrate for prenyltransferase. Formation of a nonallylic cis-homofarnesyl pyrophosphate (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel substrate for prenyltransferase. Formation of a nonallylic cis-homofarnesyl pyrophosphateKyozo Ogura, Akio Saito, and Shuichi SetoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 12, 4037–4038Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00819a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (270 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
49.2: Innovative Laser Patterning of Black Matrix for LCD Manufacture (2008)

Abstract Patterning the Black Matrix (BM) layer in an LCD typically employs wet‐etch lithography. This paper describes an alternative laser‐based patterning technique called Assist Liquid™. This technique meets rigorous customer targets and may offer a more cost effective solution for LCD manufacture.
Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of polymers : theory and practice (1996)

SECTION I. PRINCIPLES AND BASIC CONCEPTS Introduction to Basic Concepts Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Surface Tool Useful Relationships in ATR Spectroscopy Transmission Versus ATR Spectra SECTION II. QUANTITATIVE ATR SPECTROSCOPY Kramers-Kronig Transforms in ATR Spectroscopy Methods of Analysis of Attenuated Total Reflection Spectra Using Kramers-Kronig Transforms Quantitative Surface-Depth Profiling SECTION III. SELECTED APPLICATIONS ATR of Surfaces and Interfaces In Situ ATR Experiments
Metal ion recognition and molecular templating in self-assembled monolayers of cyclic and acyclic polyethers (2002)

Our recent work with cyclic and acyclic polyether self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold is presented. A series of dithia-crown-tetrathiafulvalene derivatives with one or two disulfide groups has been prepared, and their SAMs on gold have been characterized by electrochemistry and by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. These SAMs are extremely stable on repeated electrochemical potential scans and can selectively recognize alkali metal ions. Acyclic polyether derivatives can also self-assemble on gold to yield selective metal ion recognition domains. Impedance spectroscopy data for these SAMs fit the Langmuir isotherm and allow the determination of ion association constants. Some of the SAMs prepared with new acyclic polyether derivatives are able to detect potassium cations selectively when templated in their presence. These structures are believed to be a consequence of ion "imprinting" during the process of SAM formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Monitoring the Progression of Organic Reactions on Solid Supports (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Okadaic Acid, Useful Tool for Studying Cellular Processes (2002)

One of the most interesting groups of substances of marine origin, from structural and pharmacological points of view are polyether toxins, which generally present a great diversity in size and potent biological activities. The subject of this review is limited to okadaic acid (OA). It was the first example of a group of polyether toxins produced by marine microalgae, which is responsible for the natural phenomena known as Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning, DSP red tides. These toxins are accumulated in the digestive glands of the shellfish with a disastrous effect upon the shellfish industry in many parts of the world. Thus, it has been demonstrated that OA is a highly selective inhibitor of protein phosphatases type 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), subsequently that it causes dramatic increases in phosphorylation of numerous proteins as well as being a potent tumour promoter. For that reason, OA is an extremely useful tool for studying the cellular processes that are regulated by reversible phosphorylation of proteins as signal transduction, cell division and memory.