gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Open‐Chain 2,3‐Disubstituted 4‐nitroketones by Diastereoselective <i>Michael</i>‐addition of (<i>E</i>)‐Enamines to (<i>E</i>)‐Nitroolefins. A topological rule for C, C‐bond forming processes between prochiral centres. Preliminary communication (1981)

Abstract The Michael ‐additions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and arylsubstituted nitroolefins and enamines lead to γ‐nitroketones 3 in good chemical and excellent (> 90%) diastereomeric yields (see Table 1 ). The known threo ‐configuration of one type of adducts 3 (entries 8, 10, and 11 of Table 1 ) can be arrived at by assuming the approach 8 of the Michael ‐acceptor and ‐donor; the reaction follows a topological rule , which is formulated and which is applicable to such diverse reactions as the diene synthesis, cyclopropanations, carbonyl olefinations and methylenations, aldol‐ and nitroaldol‐type additions, as well as additions of lithium, boron, and chromium derivatives to aldehydes (see 9 , 10 , 11 , and Table 2 ).
Polymorphisms in CISH Gene Are Associated with Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Han Chinese Population (2014)

Two SNPs (rs414171 and rs2239751) in the CISH gene were associated with persistent HBV infection in Han Chinese population, but not with HBV progression.
Fast drawing of curves for computer display (1969)

Now that computer displays with vector and character drawing capabilities are becoming a common form of on-line graphic output device, interest has turned toward providing a curvilinear display capability. Naturally, curves can be drawn as a series of short vectors stored in display memory, but the goal of current research is to provide hardware which draws a curve by generating such vectors, or perhaps, continuous beam motion, from a concise specification of a curve segment.
Clinical Breast Examination for Detecting Breast Cancer (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Altered temporal expression of DNA repair in hypermutable Bloom's syndrome cells. (1984)

The temporal regulation of DNA repair during synchronous cell proliferation was examined in normal human skin fibroblasts and in Bloom's syndrome skin fibroblasts. Normal human cells regulated DNA repair in a defined temporal sequence prior to the induction of DNA replication. Nucleotide-excision repair was stimulated prior to the induction of base-excision repair, which itself was increased prior to the induction of DNA replication. This temporal sequence was observed (i) by quantitation of the induction of the base-excision repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase during cell proliferation in the absence of cellular insult and (ii) by quantitation of nucleotide-excision repair after UV irradiation or base-excision repair after exposure to methylmethane sulfonate. In contrast, Bloom's syndrome cells were characterized by specific alterations in this temporal sequence of gene regulation, such that DNA repair was not enhanced prior to the induction of DNA replication. Nucleotide-excision repair, base-excision repair, and the uracil DNA glycosylase were induced in a temporal sequence identical to that observed for DNA polymerase and for DNA replication. The inability of Bloom's syndrome cells to enhance DNA repair prior to DNA replication suggests that miscoding lesions remain in DNA and are replicated during cell proliferation.
Thermally-Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Devices and Circuits (2020)

Reconfigurable photonic integrated devices and circuits are very important for many applications. Among various mechanisms for realizing reconfigurability, thermo-optic effect is popular because of the availability for many materials, the design simplicity and the fabrication ease. In particular, silicon has a large thermo-optic coefficient as well as a high heat conductivity, and thus it is promising to realize efficient thermally-reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated devices and circuits. Recent progress is reviewed in this paper. First, thermally-tunable silicon photonic filters based on different structures are summarized, including microring resonators (MRRs) and MRRs-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Second, silicon photonic switches based on MZIs and MRRs are reviewed. Finally, a review is given for thermally-reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuits developed for the applications in quantum photonics, microwave photonics, and optical interconnects.
Trade-offs in cycle time management: hot lots (1992)

In manufacturing, higher priority is given to hot lots to reduce their cycle time. The impact of hot lots on the cycle time of other lots in the system is studied here. Object-oriented simulation experiments of a wafer fabrication model were run to investigate the above impact. The simulation results showed that as the proportion of hot lots in the work-in progress increases, both the average cycle time and the corresponding standard deviation for all other lots increase dramatically. Thus, it is argued that hot lots induce either a deterioration in service level for regular lots or an increase in inventory costs. Sound management accounting would require that these costs be estimated, possibly using an approach outlined here.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in West Indian manatees (2005)

Results indicate that measurement of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor of manatees is feasible and has potential for assisting in the postmortem diagnosis of certain metabolic, renal, and nutritional diseases; determining severity of autolysis at time of necropsy; and determining the time of occurrence of human-induced trauma.
Chromatography of Lubricating Oils for Diesel Locomotives (1957)

The utilization of chromatography for analyzing used diesel locomotive lubricating oil gives the laboratory a valuable tool helpful in understanding the processes of oxidation taking place in the lubricant. It is simple and inexpensive to employ. Used as a presumptive test it enables the technician to be extremely selective in the choice of samples on which additional work is required to establish quantitatively the state of oxidation. It can be utilized in a great variety of problems involving the control of diesel locomotive lubrication. Chromatography is a method of chemical analysis which utilizes the differential countercurrent distribution of the components of a mixture between a fluid phase and an interfacial phase. In 1906, Michael Tswett, the inventor of chromatography, described the general nature and scope of the principles involved: “There exists a certain absorption sequence according to which substances are able to replace one another.” He continued with a classic example of chromatography demonstrating the principles involved.
Phosphodiesterase genes are associated with susceptibility to major depression and antidepressant treatment response (2006)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) constitute a family of enzymes that degrade cAMP and cGMP. Intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels increase in response to extracellular stimulation by hormones, neurotransmitters, or growth factors and are down-regulated through hydrolysis catalyzed by PDEs, which are therefore candidate therapeutic targets. cAMP is a second messenger implicated in learning, memory, and mood, and cGMP modulates nervous system processes that are controlled by the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway. To investigate an association between genes encoding PDEs and susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD), we genotyped SNPs in 21 genes of this superfamily in 284 depressed Mexican Americans who participated in a prospective, double-blind, pharmacogenetic study of antidepressant response, and 331 matched controls. Polymorphisms in PDE9A and PDE11A were found to be associated with the diagnosis of MDD. Our data are also suggestive of the association between SNPs in other PDE genes and MDD. Remission on antidepressants was significantly associated with polymorphisms in PDE1A and PDE11A. Thus, we found significant associations with both the diagnosis of MDD and remission in response to antidepressants with SNPs in the PDE11A gene. We show here that PDE11A haplotype GAACC is significantly associated with MDD. We conclude that PDE11A has a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. This study identifies a potential CNS role for the PDE11 family. The hypothesis that drugs affecting PDE function, particularly cGMP-related PDEs, represent a treatment strategy for major depression should therefore be tested.
Extremely thermophilic microorganisms as metabolic engineering platforms for production of fuels and industrial chemicals (2015)

Enzymes from extremely thermophilic microorganisms have been of technological interest for some time because of their ability to catalyze reactions of industrial significance at elevated temperatures. Thermophilic enzymes are now routinely produced in recombinant mesophilic hosts for use as discrete biocatalysts. Genome and metagenome sequence data for extreme thermophiles provide useful information for putative biocatalysts for a wide range of biotransformations, albeit involving at most a few enzymatic steps. However, in the past several years, unprecedented progress has been made in establishing molecular genetics tools for extreme thermophiles to the point that the use of these microorganisms as metabolic engineering platforms has become possible. While in its early days, complex metabolic pathways have been altered or engineered into recombinant extreme thermophiles, such that the production of fuels and chemicals at elevated temperatures has become possible. Not only does this expand the thermal range for industrial biotechnology, it also potentially provides biodiverse options for specific biotransformations unique to these microorganisms. The list of extreme thermophiles growing optimally between 70 and 100°C with genetic toolkits currently available includes archaea and bacteria, aerobes and anaerobes, coming from genera such as Caldicellulosiruptor, Sulfolobus, Thermotoga, Thermococcus, and Pyrococcus. These organisms exhibit unusual and potentially useful native metabolic capabilities, including cellulose degradation, metal solubilization, and RuBisCO-free carbon fixation. Those looking to design a thermal bioprocess now have a host of potential candidates to choose from, each with its own advantages and challenges that will influence its appropriateness for specific applications. Here, the issues and opportunities for extremely thermophilic metabolic engineering platforms are considered with an eye toward potential technological advantages for high temperature industrial biotechnology.
A robust control of the pressure in a control-cylinder for the variable displacement axial piston pump (2009)

In order to achieve energy-efficient hydraulic systems, an accurate flow rate and pressure required by a load should be supplied to the systems. The discharge flow from the variable displacement swash-plate type axial piston pump is mainly determined by the angle of the swash-plate and it is adjusted by controlling the pressure in the control-cylinder which is a mechanical regulator for the swash-plate. In this paper, a robust pressure control system of the control-cylinder using a direct drive valve is proposed to control the discharge flow from the variable displacement swash-plate type axial piston pump precisely. In order to design a robust pressure control system, a mathematical model of a pressure control system is derived and system parameters are identified by using the signal-compression method. Also, the sliding mode controller is designed based on the identified mathematical model to guarantee the control performance of the pressure control system. Experiments verified the satisfactory performance of the proposed pressure control system that uses a direct drive even with non-linearity and uncertainties such as flow characteristics, unknown discharge coefficient of the valve orifice, variation of the bulk-modulus, leakage and disturbance induced by the pressure fluctuation in the pressure control system.
Mechanisms Underlying Preferential Assembly of Heparan Sulfate on Glypican-1 (2001)

Glypicans are major cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the structures of which are characterized by the presence of a cysteine-rich globular domain, a short glycosaminoglycan (GAG) attachment region, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor. Despite strong evolutionary conservation of the globular domains of glypicans, no function has yet been attributed to them. By using a novel quantitative approach for assessing proteoglycan glycosylation, we show here that removal of the globular domain from rat glypican-1 converts the proteoglycan from one that bears approximately 90% heparan sulfate (HS) to one that bears approximately 90% chondroitin sulfate. Mutational analysis shows that sequences at least 70 amino acids away from the glypican-1 GAG attachment site are required for preferential HS assembly, although more nearby sequences also play a role. The effects of the glypican-1 globular domain on HS assembly could also be demonstrated by fusing this domain to sequences representing the GAG attachment sites of other proteoglycans or, surprisingly, simply by expressing the isolated globular domain in cells and analyzing effects either on an exogenously expressed glypican-1 GAG attachment domain or on endogenous proteoglycans. Quantitative analysis of the effect of the globular domain on GAG addition to proteoglycan core proteins suggested that preferential HS assembly is achieved, at least in part, through the inhibition of chondroitin sulfate assembly. These data identify the glypican-1 globular domain as a structural motif that potently influences GAG class determination and suggest that an important role of glypican globular domains is to ensure a high level of HS substitution of these proteoglycans.
Tiotropium inhibits pulmonary inflammation and remodelling in a guinea pig model of COPD (2011)

Airway remodelling and emphysema are major structural abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, pulmonary vascular remodelling may occur and contribute to pulmonary hypertension, a comorbidity of COPD. Increased cholinergic activity in COPD contributes to airflow limitation and, possibly, to inflammation and airway remodelling. This study aimed to investigate the role of acetylcholine in pulmonary inflammation and remodelling using an animal model of COPD. To this aim, guinea pigs were instilled intranasally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) twice weekly for 12 weeks and were treated, by inhalation, with the long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium. Repeated LPS exposure induced airway and parenchymal neutrophilia, and increased goblet cell numbers, lung hydroxyproline content, airway wall collagen and airspace size. Furthermore, LPS increased the number of muscularised microvessels in the adventitia of cartilaginous airways. Tiotropium abrogated the LPS-induced increase in neutrophils, goblet cells, collagen deposition and muscularised microvessels, but had no effect on emphysema. In conclusion, tiotropium inhibits remodelling of the airways as well as pulmonary inflammation in a guinea pig model of COPD, suggesting that endogenous acetylcholine plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Structure and Function of Bacterial Kid-Kis and Related Toxin-Antitoxin Systems (2007)

Toxin-antitoxin systems were discovered as plasmid auxiliary maintenance cassettes. In recent years, an increasing amount of structural and functional information has become available about the proteins involved, allowing the understanding of bacterial cell growth inhibition by the toxins on a molecular level. A well-studied TA system is formed by the proteins Kid and Kis, encoded by the parD operon of the Escherichia coli plasmid R1. The toxicity of Kid has been related to its endoribonuclease activity, which is counteracted by binding of the antitoxin Kis at the proposed active site. In this review, the structural studies on the Kid-Kis system are compared to those of three related toxin-antitoxin systems: MazF-MazE, CcdB-CcdA and RelE-RelB.
Exosomes from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Identification, Purification, and Biological Characteristics (2016)

Our and other groups have discovered that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes are a novel therapeutical modality for many diseases. In this study, we summarized a method to extract and purify hucMSCs-exosomes using ultrafiltration and gradient centrifugation in our laboratory and proved that hucMSCs-exosomes prepared according to our procedure were stable and bioactive. Results showed that exosomes derived from hucMSC were 40~100 nm and CD9 and CD81 positive. Functionally, hucMSCs-exosomes promoted cell proliferation and protected against oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis <i>in vitro</i> by activation of ERK1/2 and p38. Interestingly, UV exposure abrogated the regulatory roles of exosomes under oxidative stress, indicating that hucMSCs-exosomes may regulate cell growth and apoptosis by exosomal shuttle of RNA. Furthermore, cytokine profile analysis revealed that hucMSCs-exosomes contained high dose of IL-6, IL-8, and other cytokines. The established method is practical and efficient, which provides a basis for further evaluating the potential of hucMSCs-exosomes as therapeutic agents.
The crystal structure of the HGXPRTase from the protozoan parasite<i>T. foetus</i> (1996)

C-111 three-dimensional intensity data were collected by imaging plate diffractometer of RIGAKU RAXIS He. The average figure of merit at 3.0 A resolution is 0.43, using "mlphare" in~ CCP4 program package. The phase improvement was canied out by ''dm" in CCP4, resulting in a 2.2 A resolution density map. The density modification includes histogram-mapping, constraint of Sayer formula, non-crystallographic averaging and solvent flattening, with assumption of 41% solvent content. The final free-R-value was 0.27 at 2.2 A resolution. Two identical molecules are in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The two molecules are related by 143 degree rotation around an axis almost parallel to the crystallographic z axis with some translation. Each molecule consists of two domains. TheN-terminal domain has five helices and seven ~-strands (ex/~ structure) with two additional long helices inN-ten11inus. The C-terminal domain is mainly composed ofleft-handed ~-helix similar to the structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamineacyltransferasel). The protein structure is under refinement with program X-PLOR.
Theory of crystallizable block copolymer blends (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of crystallizable block copolymer blendsMark Douglas Whitmore and Jaan NoolandiCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 5, 1482–1496Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00183a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of pentobarbital alone and pentobarbital in combination with lidocaine for euthanasia of dogs (1993)

Pentobarbital alone, pentobarbital plus 1% lidocaine solution, pentobarbital plus 2% lidocaine solution, and pentobarbital plus 3% lidocaine solution were each used to euthanatize 6 dogs. For each dog, time between the beginning of injection of the euthanasia solution and each of the following events was recorded: collapse, onset of apnea, flat-line electrocardiogram, flat-line electroencephalogram, loss of palpable heartbeat, and loss of palpable pulse. Any signs of pain or discomfort were also recorded. There were no significant differences among groups except for time to flat-line electrocardiogram. Dogs euthanatized with pentobarbital alone had significantly longer times than did dogs euthanatized with pentobarbital in combination with any of the lidocaine concentrations. We concluded that pentobarbital in combination with lidocaine was a reasonable alternative to pentobarbital alone when euthanatizing dogs.
The Temperature-Composition Phase Diagram and Mesophase Structure Characterization of theMonoolein/Water System (1996)

The temperature-composition phase diagram of monoolein in water was constructed using X-ray diffraction in the range of $0~^\circ{\rm C}$ to $104~^\circ{\rm C}$ and 0% (w/w) to 47% (w/w) water in the heating direction. The phases identified in this system include the lamellar crystalline (Lc) phase, the lamellar liquid crystalline (Lα) phase, the fluid isotropic (FI) phase, two inverted cubic phases (Q230, Ia3d; Q224, Pn3m), and the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. The overall features of the monoolein/water phase diagram reported herein match those of existing phase diagrams for this system. There are some important differences, however. Accordingly, every effort has been taken to ensure that the current phase diagram represents equilibrium behavior and that the assorted phase boundaries have been determined accurately. The interpreted phase diagram is based on close to 400 discrete measurements in temperature-composition space recorded as a function of temperature in $5~^\circ{\rm C}$ increments ($3~^\circ{\rm C}$ in the HII phase) and of composition in 2% (w/w) water increments on average. The various mesophases have been characterized structurally as a function of temperature and hydration, and the corresponding thermal and composition expansion coefficients are reported. These and related data show that the average radius of water channels in the fully hydrated bicontinuous cubic Pn3m phase is remarkably sensitive to temperature and to monoacylglycerol chain identity.