gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse voltammetry with microvoltammetric electrodes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulse voltammetry with microvoltammetric electrodesA. G. Ewing, M. A. Dayton, and R. M. WightmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 12, 1842–1847Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00235a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00235a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views689Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Migration of genetically labeled glioma cells after implantation into murine brain (1994)

Murine RSV-M glioma cells were genetically labeled with a retroviral BAG vector carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene. The X-gal-positive stable cell line RSV-M/BAG was obtained by the FDG-FACS method. To examine the behavior of glioma cells in the brain, we homografted RSV-M/BAG cells into the brain of C3H/HeN mice as cell suspensions. Individual grafted glioma cells were easily detected by histochemical staining for B-galactosidase (beta-gal). Three days after grafting, the beta-gal-positive cells were mainly found in the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricle. In addition, some solitary labeled cells were found at locations distant from the injection sites. On the seventh day after implantation, tumor masses were observed and graft-derived glioma cells were migrating bilaterally along the fibers in the corpus callosum. Other labeled cells extended into the brain parenchyma via the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces. Rapid and extensive migration of individual glioma cells was thus clearly demonstrated by intracerebral transplantation of RSV-M/BAG cells.
High-malignancy orthotopic nude mouse model of human prostate cancer LNCaP (1999)

The extensive and widespread lung metastasis as well as lymph node metastasis following orthotopic implantation of LNCaP in nude mice and the short survival time provide a high-malignancy nude model of the LNCaP human prostate tumor.
Computational Modeling of Enhanced Laminar Flow Heat Transfer in Viscoplastic Fluids in Corrugated-Plate Channels (2002)

The enhanced heat transfer in laminar viscoplastic, shear thinning, Herschel-Bulkley fluid flows in sinusoidal corrugated-plate channels is investigated. With uniform-temperature plate walls, periodically developed flows are considered for a wide range of flow rates (10 ≤ Reg ≤ 700) and pseudoplastic flow behavior indices (n = 0.54, 0.8, and 1.0; the latter representing a Bingham plastic). The effects of fluid yield stress are simulated for the case where τy = 1.59 N/m2, representing a 0.5% xantham gum aqueous solution. Typical velocity and temperature distributions, along with extended results for isothermal friction factor ƒ and Colburn factor j are presented. The effect of the yield stress is found to be most dominant at low Reg regardless of the power law index n, and the recirculation or swirl in the wall trough regions is weaker than in the cases of Newtonian and power-law liquids. At higher Reg, the performance of the Herschel-Bulkley fluid asymptotically approaches that of the non-yield-stress power-law fluid. At low Reg, the yield stress increases ƒ by an order of magnitude and j is enhanced because of the higher wall gradients imposed by the plug-like flow field. The relative heat transfer enhancement, represented by the ratio (j/ƒ), and the role of the fluid yield stress and shear-thinning (or pseudoplastic) behaviors are also discussed.
Optimization of Cu-based Oxide Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis by the Activity Map Envelope Derived from a Neural Network (2003)

The combinatorial approach is a successful tool for material development and for heterogeneous catalyst development. Combinatorial tools were developed consisting of a high-throughput screening reactor using a 96-well microplate, activity mapping by a neural network and optimization by a genetic algorithm. The tools were designed and manufactured to optimize Cu-based oxide catalyst for methanol synthesis. Escape from local optima in the search space is easy by GA, but the efficiency of search is not so high. Instead of GA, a more straight-forward method was applied: all 230, 000 activities of all possible combinations of catalyst components with 5% resolution were predicted by a neural network. These activities were visualized by mapping using two parameters, such as Cu and Zn composition, to find the global optimum.
Planar surface immersions (1979)

In this paper immersions of surfaces with boundary into the plane, R2, will be classified up to an equivalence relation called image homotopy. When two immersions are image homotopic, there is a smooth deformation through immersion images of one image to the other. This deformation may be drawn or visualized. It gives the appearance of a motion of the immersion in time. Before proceeding further, the reader might enjoy viewing the long image homotopy shown in Figure This image homotopy is an example of mod-2 planar phenomena that we shall deal with in greater detail.
Novel digital subtraction CT angiography based on 3D registration and refinement (2004)

Angiographic investigation using high-resolution CT images has become a useful tool for the sensitive examination of vascular diseases. However, CT angiography (CTA) does not allow a straightforward understanding of vascular structure, since some of interesting parts can be located near the high intensity skull base region. In this paper, a novel method for fast and automatic 3D digital subtraction CT angiography (DS-CTA) is presented to generate artifact-free angiograms. The proposed method consists of 3D registration to align a CT image to the CTA image, and subtraction and refinement to extract blood vessels. For efficient and accurate 3D registration, an NMI (normalized mutual information) based algorithm is adopted and its fast version is developed by introducing a new measure. The speed-up ratio of the proposed fast registration algorithm is about 1.74~3.01 compared with the conventional registration method. And to improve the subtracted image quality in the second step, a novel 3D refinement algorithm is suggested to effectively remove unwanted residuals. Experimental results of seven clinical CT/CTA head datasets demonstrate that cerebral vessels are well extracted from CTA images with almost no loss. The typical processing time is about 3~9 minutes depending on the image size in a PC with a 2.4GHz CPU.
Variation in Carbohydrate Composition in the Endosperm of Sweet Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Maturity<sup>1</sup> (1970)

Reducing sugars, sucrose, and water‐soluble polysaccharides were quantitatively determined for kernels of eight inbred lines of sweet corn and their F l combinations, including reciprocals, 25 days after pollination. A second harvest was taken from the inbred parents at 28 days. The inbreds differed significantly for percent moisture and for each carbohydrate fraction. Moisture content and carbohydrate composition changed at significantly different rates for the eight lines. Analysis of covariance was used to remove effects of maturity on F 1 kernels. There were highly significant differences among maternal half‐sib groups for percent moisture, reducing sugars, sucrose, and water‐soluble polysaccharides. Differences within half‐sib groups were significant for all variables except reducing sugars. Differences among reciprocal crosses were attributed to maternal effects and gene‐dosage relationships in the endosperm. Regression coefficients showed that content of reducing sugars and sucrose decreased, but content of water‐soluble polysaccharides rapidly increased with advancing maturity.
The Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Allergic Diseases (2016)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota is required for optimal digestion of foods, for the development of resistance against pathogens (termed colonization resistance), for the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and for local as well as systemic immune homeostasis. Certain constituents of the GI tract microbiota are widely recognized as critical regulators and modulators of their host's immune response. These include bacterial members of the microbiota as well as parasitic nematodes. Immune regulation by immunomodulatory members of the GI microbiota primarily serves to subvert host antimicrobial immune defenses and promote persistent colonization, but as a side effect may prevent or suppress immunological disorders resulting from inappropriate responses to harmless antigens, such as allergy, colitis or autoimmunity. Many of the best understood GI-resident immunomodulatory species have co-evolved with their mammalian hosts for tens of thousands of years and masterfully manipulate host immune responses. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological evidence for the role of the GI tract microbiota as a whole, and of specific members, in protection against allergic and other immunological disorders. We then focus on the mechanistic basis of microbial immunomodulation, which is presented using several well-understood paradigmatic examples, that is, helminths, Helicobacter pylori, Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. In a final chapter, we highlight past and ongoing attempts at harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of GI microbiota species and their secreted products for intervention studies and describe the promises and limitations of these experimental approaches. The effects of pro- and prebiotics, bacterial lysates, as well as of fecal microbiota transplantation are presented and compared.
On-chip CMOS coplanar transmission line measurements and model verification up to 50 GHz (2008)

The results show good agreement between de-embedded measurement and T- line coplanar model in both S-parameters and in Zo representation. In all cases the results of the T-line coplanar model are very close to the corresponding results of the EM solver. The RC model deviates significantly in the frequency domain from the T-line coplanar model results - both in S- parameters and in -Zo representation. The design impact of these deviations depends on the design niche (eg. digital vs. RF), and for a given design niche it may apply only to a given subset of critical wires (eg. clock line, high speed signal line etc.). The criticality of a given wire depends also on the wire length, and the on-chip effective bandwidth (rise time in digital or frequency in RF). For digital designs, the criteria for using a model that includes inductive effects (instead of RC model) was given and discussed previously.The considerations of designing the RF launching structures have been discussed. We have found that a robust optimal design of the RF launching structure allows for the usage of very simple de-embedding techniques up to relatively high frequencies.
[Thiazolylalkylamines: synthesis of analogs of imidazolylethylamines and their effect on gastric secretion]. (1986)

As a part of a study on H2-agonists, the preparations and properties are reported for a representative group of 2-aminothiazolethylamine derivatives which contain the gastric secretion stimulating S-aminoalkylisothiourea moiety. The test compounds were obtained by known methods or from 2-(2-amino-5-thiazolyl)ethyl chloride and were tested for their possible histamine-like activities on different biological substrates. From the biological results it appears that the behaviour of the substances is rather complex, but the following general observations can be pointed out: the contracturant properties, sometimes quite marked, do not derive from direct H1-specific activities; the effects, particularly evident in stimulating in vitro or in vivo gastric secretion, in relaxing gall-bladder smooth muscle, on auriculae and/or on blood pressure, are not competitively antagonized by cimetidine; none of the tested compounds proved to be an antagonist of histamine H2-receptors, while one of them is found to inhibit competitively the H1-receptors. On the basis of structure-activity relationships it can be excluded that the iuxta-nuclear NH2 group of 2-aminothiazolethylamines reacts, in some way, with the H2-receptors, since, in this case, the 2-aminothiazole group is not a pharmacophore like the 2-aminoimidazole or isothiurea group. Consequently the hypotheses, that the flexibility of the molecule is a fundamental requirement for the H2-stimulating properties of S-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)isothiurea and that the different activities of 2-aminohistamine, in comparison with those of 2-methylhistamine, are due to the existence of a hydrophilic area suitable for the allocation of the iuxta-nuclear NH2 group in the H2-receptor, are strengthened.
Correlations of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in High Oleic Lines and Hybrids of Sunflower (H. Annuus L.) (1993)

Thirty two high oleic sunflower lines and twenty hybrids were studied in the course of two years. It was found that the high oil content was in a negative correlation with the palmitic acid content in the lines-mentainers, and with the stearic acid content in the restorer lines. For the hybrids, proved correlations between the oil content and fatty acids were absent. In all high oleic materials there were found negative correlations between the oleic acid content and another fatty acids.
Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor in mouse skin carcinogenesis correlates with malignant progression state and activated H-ras expression levels. (1996)

Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tumor growth and metastasis regulated by the balance of positive and negative factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VPF) is a specific mitogen for endothelial cells that has been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors and other inflammatory diseases. To analyze the implication of VEGF/VPF during tumorigenesis, we have studied its expression at different stages of tumor development using the mouse skin carcinogenesis model. VEGF/VPF mRNA was induced in skin in vivo after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. Constitutive up-regulation of VEGF/VPF at the mRNA and protein levels was also observed in premalignant papillomas and, at a higher level, in squamous carcinomas, suggesting a correlation between VEGF/VPF expression and tumor progression. A direct positive correlation between VEGF/VPF mRNA expression and the level of activated H-ras gene was found in a series of cell lines representing different stages of epidermal tumor development. Consequently, a clone of one of these cell lines, HaCa4, which has lost most of its v-ras expression, down-regulated VEGF mRNA expression concomitantly with its metastatic potential. Direct evidence of H-ras involvement in VEGF induction was obtained when an immortalized mouse keratinocyte cell line transduced with a retrovirus carrying v-H-ras showed highly increased VEGF/VPF mRNA levels. These data show that in mouse skin carcinogenesis, the VEGF/VPF angiogenic stimulus occurs early during premalignant papilloma development and further increases at later stages. Moreover, we demonstrate that increasing the activated H-ras dose, a phenomenon that takes place sequentially throughout mouse skin tumor development, may play an additional role by facilitating malignant in vivo progression through the modulation of VEGF/VPF-mediated angiogenesis.
An Experimental Study on the Lift and Drag Characteristics of a Wing with a Helical Ring Wing Tip (1998)

A reduction of induced drag is an important problem in order to save fuels. In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics of wing tip devices to reduce induced drag, such as end plate, plain ring, helical ring wing tip device, was experimentally investigated in a low speed wind tunnel. The experimental results showed that the wing model with a helical ring wing tip device reduced a induced drag and increased lift-drag ratio.
High Density Die Casting (HDDC): new frontiers in the manufacturing of heat sinks (2014)

Finding a good solution for thermal management problems is every day more complex. due to the power density and the required performances. When a solution suitable for high volumes is needed. die-casting and extrusion are the most convenient technologies. However designers have to face the well-known limitations for those processes. High Density Die Casting (HDDC) is a process under advanced development. in order to overcome the extrusion and traditional die casting limits by working with alloys having much better thermal performances than the traditional die-casting process. while keeping the advantages of a flexible 3D design and a low cost for high volumes. HDDC offers the opportunity to design combining different materials (aluminium and copper. aluminium and stainless steel) obtaining a structure with zero porosity and overcoming some of die-casting limits. as shown in this paper. A dedicated process involving embedded heat pipes is currently under development in order to offer the possibility to dramatically improve the heat spreading.
The RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) Superfamily: Distribution and Functional Evolution of ppGpp Synthetases and Hydrolases across the Tree of Life (2011)

RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) proteins, named for their sequence similarity to the RelA and SpoT enzymes of Escherichia coli, comprise a superfamily of enzymes that synthesize and/or hydrolyze the alarmone ppGpp, activator of the "stringent" response and regulator of cellular metabolism. The classical "long" RSHs Rel, RelA and SpoT with the ppGpp hydrolase, synthetase, TGS and ACT domain architecture have been found across diverse bacteria and plant chloroplasts, while dedicated single domain ppGpp-synthesizing and -hydrolyzing RSHs have also been discovered in disparate bacteria and animals respectively. However, there is considerable confusion in terms of nomenclature and no comprehensive phylogenetic and sequence analyses have previously been carried out to classify RSHs on a genomic scale. We have performed high-throughput sensitive sequence searching of over 1000 genomes from across the tree of life, in combination with phylogenetic analyses to consolidate previous ad hoc identification of diverse RSHs in different organisms and provide a much-needed unifying terminology for the field. We classify RSHs into 30 subgroups comprising three groups: long RSHs, small alarmone synthetases (SASs), and small alarmone hydrolases (SAHs). Members of nineteen previously unidentified RSH subgroups can now be studied experimentally, including previously unknown RSHs in archaea, expanding the "stringent response" to this domain of life. We have analyzed possible combinations of RSH proteins and their domains in bacterial genomes and compared RSH content with available RSH knock-out data for various organisms to determine the rules of combining RSHs. Through comparative sequence analysis of long and small RSHs, we find exposed sites limited in conservation to the long RSHs that we propose are involved in transmitting regulatory signals. Such signals may be transmitted via NTD to CTD intra-molecular interactions, or inter-molecular interactions either among individual RSH molecules or among long RSHs and other binding partners such as the ribosome.
AtBS14a and AtBS14b, two<i>Bet1</i>/<i>Sft1</i>‐like SNAREs from<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>that complement mutations in the yeast<i>SFT1</i>gene<sup>1</sup> (2001)

SNAREs are membrane-associated proteins that play a central role in vesicle targeting and intra-cellular membrane fusion reactions in eukaryotic cells. Here we describe the identification of AtBS14a and AtBS14b, putative SNAREs from Arabidopsis thaliana that share 60% amino acid sequence identity. Both AtBS14a and BS14b are dosage suppressors of the temperature-sensitive growth defect in sft1-1 cells and over-expression of either AtBS14a or AtBS14b can support the growth of sft1Delta cells but not bet1Delta cells. These data together with structure-function and biochemical studies presented herein suggest that AtBS14a and AtBS14b share properties that are consistent with them being members of the Bet1/Sft1 SNARE protein family.
Human Respiratory and Gut Microbiomes—Do They Really Contribute to Respiratory Health? (2020)

Human gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are colonized by diverse polymicrobial communities shortly after birth, which are continuously molded by environmental exposure. The development of the resident microbiota in early life is a critical factor in the maturation of a healthy immune system. Disturbances to the intricate relationship between environmental exposure and maturation of the infant microbiome have been increasingly identified as a potential contributor to a range of childhood diseases. This review details recent evidence that implicates the contribution of gut and airway microbiome to pediatric respiratory health.
Deflection of a Very Flexible Spinning Disk Due to a Stationary Transverse Load (1978)

This paper addresses the problem of steady deflection of a very flexible spinning disk due to transverse loads that are fixed in space. We first approach this problem within the context of membrane theory. The membrane differential operator is classified and shown to be hyperbolic in the outer region and elliptic in the inner portion. The characteristics are studied and qualitatively compared with some experimentally observed standing waves in the outer region of a membrane-like disk. The eigenvalue problem is examined and the membrane operator is found to be singular. We therefore conclude that the problem of interest cannot be solved within the context of membrane theory. Finally, the problem is formulated with bending stiffness retained. The concentrated load problem is solved by use of a Fourier series expansion in the angular direction in conjunction with a numerical solution for the radial modes. Graphical results are presented for various values of the stiffness parameter and load location.