gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porosity of silica Stöber particles determined by spin-echo small angle neutron scattering (2016)

Stöber silica particles are used in a diverse range of applications. Despite their widespread industrial and scientific uses, information on the internal structure of the particles is non-trivial to obtain and is not often reported. In this work we have used spin-echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) in conjunction with ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and pycnometry to study an aqueous dispersion of Stöber particles. Our results are in agreement with models which propose that Stöber particles have a porous core, with a significant fraction of the pores inaccessible to solvent. For samples prepared from the same master sample in a range of H2O : D2O ratio solutions we were able to model the SESANS results for the solution series assuming monodisperse, smooth surfaced spheres of radius 83 nm with an internal open pore volume fraction of 32% and a closed pore fraction of 10%. Our results are consistent with USAXS measurements. The protocol developed and discussed here shows that the SESANS technique is a powerful way to investigate particles much larger than those studied using conventional small angle scattering methods.
High-speed modulation and free-space optical audio/videotransmission using quantum cascade lasers (2001)

The high-speed direct modulation response of mid-infrared quantum cascade (QC) lasers is investigated up to a frequency of 2 GHz, showing high-frequency data transmission capabilities. The application of QC lasers to optical wireless communications is discussed and demonstrated in a free-space television link over a distance of 70 m.
Hydrophilic‐hydrophobic microdomain surfaces having an ability to suppress platelet aggregation and their <i>in vitro</i> antithrombogenicity (1986)

Block copolymers were synthesized by a coupling reaction of hydrophilic chains of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) with hydrophobic chains of polystyrene (PSt), or poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). Microstructures of films of the block copolymers exhibited a hydrophilic-hydrophobic microphase separated structure. For evaluation of in vivo antithrombogenicity, small diameter tubes (1.5 mm I.D. and 20 cm length) coated by the copolymers on their internal surfaces were implanted in rabbits as arteriovenous shunts. Occlusion times of the tubes, measured by formation of thrombus, were three days for PHEMA, two days for PSt, and three days for PDMS. The block copolymers showed excellent antithrombogenic properties: occlusion times were 20 days for HEMA-St block copolymer and 12 days for HEMA-DMS block copolymers. In vitro examination of polymer-platelet interaction in terms of platelet adhesion and aggregation, which are important initial processes of blood coagulation, demonstrated suppressed adhesion and aggregation on microdomain surfaces constructed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic block copolymers. From both in vivo and in vitro examination, it was concluded that HEMA-St and HEMA-DMS block copolymers showed promising antithrombogenic activities by suppressing activation and aggregation of platelets.
Reduction of Postoperative Adhesions by N,O-Carboxymethylchitosan and Spermine NONOate in Rats. (2003)

Postoperative administration of NOCC gel and SPER/NO alone and especially in combination to the site of peritoneal injury reduces the formation of adhesions in the rat uterine horn model.
Lactoferrin Levels in Term and Preterm Milk (2000)

The trend to higher levels of lactoferrin in preterm mature milk would allow maintenance of the protective effect of human milk in preterm infants in spite of the small volumes ingested by these neonates. These findings support the practice of feeding premature infants with their own mothers' milk at a time when their immune systems have not completely developed.
Characterization of the Mineral in Calcified Articular Cartilagenous Tissue Formed <i>in Vitro</i> (1999)

Cartilagenous tissue with mineralized and nonmineralized layers was generated in vitro using bovine chondrocytes isolated from the deep zone of articular cartilage. Mineralization was induced by addition of either beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP), phosphoethanolamine (PEA), or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As this tissue might be suitable for use in joint resurfacing, the mineral of the calcified layer was characterized and compared to that present in the in vivo mineralized zone of bovine articular cartilage. Von Kossa staining demonstrated the presence of mineralization in the lower half of the tissue. The calcium content in the tissue varied from 4.9% to 7.8% of dry weight. Electron diffraction demonstrated a pattern consistent with hydroxyapatite. Brightfield transmission electron microscopy showed that the crystals were acicular and when measured under electron diffraction dark field imaging were 16.6 +/- 3.8 (beta-GP), 16.4 +/- 3.8 nm (ATP), and 17.0 +/- 6.3 nm (PEA) in length. The crystals were similar in size (16.0 +/- 5.5 nm) and appearance to the crystals in the in vivo calcified cartilage. This data suggests that the mineralization that occurs in vitro is similar to the in vivo cartilage.
Linear polymers for nonlinear optics. I. Polyacrylates bearing aminonitro‐stilbene and ‐azobenzene dyes (1990)

Abstract Three acrylic monomers bearing 4′‐dialkylamino‐4‐nitro‐stilbene and ‐azobenzene dyes have been synthesized. The monomeric dyes were homopolymerized and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate using a free radical initiator to produce polymers useful for nonlinear optics. Comparison of the solubility and molecular weight distribution data between stilbene‐ and azobenzene‐containing polymers indicated that some crosslinking occurred during polymerization with the stilbene monomers, presumably through the internal double bond in the dye. The dye‐containing homopolymers exhibit liquid crystallinity. Some interaction among the pendant dyes was detected by visible spectroscopy.
Compiler reuse analysis for the mapping of data in FPGAs with RAM blocks (2004)

Contemporary configurable architectures have dedicated internal functional units such as multipliers, high-capacity storage RAM, and even CAM blocks. These RAM blocks allow the implementations to cache data to be reused in the near future, thereby avoiding the latency of external memory accesses. We present a data allocation algorithm that utilizes the RAM blocks in the presence of a limited number of hardware registers. This algorithm, based on a compiler data reuse analysis, determines which data should be cached in the internal RAM blocks and when. The preliminary results, for a set of image/signal processing kernels targeting a Xilinx Virtex/spl trade/ FPGA device, reveal that despite the increase latency of accessing data in RAM blocks, designs that use them require smaller configurable resources than designs that exclusively use registers, while attaining comparable and in some cases even better performance.
Extraction and sorption of acetic acid at pH above pKa to form calcium magnesium acetate (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction and sorption of acetic acid at pH above pKa to form calcium magnesium acetateHubert Reisinger and C. Judson KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 3, 845–852Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00042a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00042a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views769Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental Observation of the Spin-Hall Effect in a Two-Dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupled Semiconductor System (2005)

We report the experimental observation of the spin-Hall effect in a 2D hole system with spin-orbit coupling. The 2D hole layer is a part of a p-n junction light-emitting diode with a specially designed coplanar geometry which allows an angle-resolved polarization detection at opposite edges of the 2D hole system. In equilibrium the angular momenta of the spin-orbit split heavy-hole states lie in the plane of the 2D layer. When an electric field is applied across the hole channel, a nonzero out-of-plane component of the angular momentum is detected whose sign depends on the sign of the electric field and is opposite for the two edges. Microscopic quantum transport calculations show only a weak effect of disorder, suggesting that the clean limit spin-Hall conductance description (intrinsic spin-Hall effect) might apply to our system.
The Biology, Ecology, and Control of <i>Sclerotium Rolfsii</i> (1985)

Since the comprehensive review by Aycock in 1966 (15), numerous papers on various aspects of the biology and ecology of the soilborne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacco have been published, and many different methods have been tested to control the diseases it causes. This wealth of published informa­ tion over the last 18 years attests to the worldwide importance of this pathogen on many dicotyledonous crops and several monocotyledonous species (8, 15, 139, 168, 187) . Diseases caused by S. rolfsii are especially rampant in the tropics and subtropics and in areas of the southern and southeastern US where temperatures are sufficiently high to permit the growth and survival of the fungus. Yet despite more or less continuous research over the 93 years since the report by Rolfs in 1892 on S. rolfsii on tomato (see 15), this pathogen continues to plague growers and cause considerable economic loss. Control efforts have often met with limited success, due in part to the extensive host range, prolific growth, and ability to produce large numbers of sclerotia that may persist in soil for several years. Furthermore, control measures effective for a particular crop or area may not be adaptable elsewhere due to regulatory or economic con­ straints. This review summarizes the pertinent literature on the biology, ecology, and control of S. rolfsii (including S. delphinii) published since 1965. Articles prior to 1965 are not included, since an extensive bibliography can be found in Aycock's monograph (15) . In addition, some of the published information has been outlined by Domsch et al (69) and Mordue (160) . I also evaluate research
Transforming growth factor beta expression and transformation of rat lung epithelial cells by crystalline silica (quartz) (1996)

Crystalline silica (quartz) induces silicosis and associated peripheral lung carcinomas in rats. The role and pattern of expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/beta2 mRNA transcripts were investigated in the fetal rat lung epithelial cell line FRLE, its neoplastic transformants and derived tumors in athymic nude mice. FRLE cells, treated with 100 microgram/cm2 of quartz in serum-free medium, gave rise to phenotypically altered, tumorigenic cells. Quartz-treated, transformed and tumorigenic cells, subcultured directly (QTT-C1) or after growth in soft agar (QTT-C2), formed tumors in athymic nude mice (QTT-T1). Cells subcultured from the tumors (QTT-T1C) were also tumorigenic in nude mice (QTT-T2). QTT-T1 and QTT-T2 tumors were poorly differentiated carcinomas with variable amounts of extracellular matrix-associated TGF-beta1 and desmoplasia. For comparison, a tumorigenic cell line derived from FRLE cells transformed with a mutated K-ras plasmid (RT-C1) and cells subcultured from a corresponding nude mouse tumor (RT-T1) and designated RT-T1C were used. Whereas TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 inhibited the growth of QTT-T1C and FRLE cells in a dose-dependent fashion, RT-T1C cells, containing an activated ras gene, were relatively unaffected. TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 mRNAs were expressed at higher levels in QTT-T1C cells than in FRLE and TR-T1C cells, and there was an increase in TGF-beta type II receptor (TGR-betaR) mRNA expression in QTT-T1C and RT-T1C cells compared to FRLE cells. Carcinomas in nude mice derived from QTT and RT cells and silicosis-associated lung carcinomas induced in rats by intra-tracheal quartz did not express either active or latent forms of TGF-beta1 protein on immunohistochemistry. The disparity between TGF-beta1 mRNA and TGF-beta1 protein expression in QTT tumors may be due to post-transcriptional regulation of TGF-beta1.
Wavelet analysis applied to removing non‐constant, varying spectroscopic background in multivariate calibration (2002)

Abstract Multiresolution, the ability to separate signals according to frequency, is one of the main advantages offered by the wavelet transform. However, the coarsening of resolution associated with this method may be problematic in some applications. The ‘wavelet prism’ (WP) method proposed here can split the signal into different frequency components, which retain the original resolution of the signal. In conjunction with a maximum information gain criterion developed here, this new method can be used to judge and remove the low‐frequency non‐constant background variation reasonably and automatically. In this paper the theory and background concerning this wavelet baseline correction method are introduced. The method is successfully applied to simulated and real near‐infrared (NIR) spectral data to deal with non‐constant background for multivariate calibration. Its performance compares favorably with the current signal correction methods for background removal. The new method appears to be an efficient method for removal of non‐constant, varying spectroscopic background, leading to a simpler and more parsimonious multivariate linear model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active efflux of toluene in a solvent-resistant bacterium (1996)

We investigated the mechanisms behind the organic-solvent resistance of the solvent-tolerant strain Pseudomonas putida S12. By use of 14C-labeled toluene, we obtained evidence that an energy-dependent export system may be responsible for this resistance to toluene.
Reduction and Separation of Carbon Nanotube Bundles Using the P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymer: Nanobundles (2004)

A method offering the opportunity to synthesize shortened, spaced and reduced single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles is presented as the effect of the polyvinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer on carbon nanotubes. Firstly, the TXRF tool was used to study the purity of the SWCNTs prepared by arc-discharge. The results showed that SWCNTs method contains the catalytic particles such as Fe, Co and Ni used for synthesizing SWCNTs. Secondly, a conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used in imaging and showing the topography changes between (SWCNT) and (SWCNT)-P(VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite. In our previous paper (El-Hami, K. and Matsushige, K. (2003). Chem. Phys. Lett., 368: 168), we demonstrated that the surface of carbon nanotubes was uniformly coated with P(VDF-TrFE). This paper showed that the P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer tended to intercalate the SWCNT bundles in order to reduce the size of SWCNT bundles and separate them, thus the nanobundles appellation.
Atomic Wave Functions, Collision Cross-Sections, and Transition Probabilities of Fe Ions (1965)

Since atomic wave functions of Fe ions are of astrophysical importance, many of these (Fe V –Fe XVII ) have been calculated by employing the Hartree–Fock self-consistent field method with exchange. Wave functions, |$\in_{\alpha\alpha}, \bar r, \bar r^2$,| and σ are supplied in tabular form. Probabilities have been calculated for forbidden transitions in Fe X , XI , XIII , XIV and XV , some of which are observed in the solar corona; also the energy levels and forbidden transition probabilities for Fe XII have been estimated. Preliminary cross-section calculations, involving only p -waves, for forbidden transitions in Fe XI , XII and XIII have been made and the problems involved in these calculations are discussed. For allowed transitions in Fe XV and Fe XVI probabilities have been calculated and collision cross-sections for the latter ion only. The calculated results presented in this paper are discussed in some detail.
Relationships Between Interictal Spiking and Seizures: Human and Experimental Evidence (1991)

Epileptic seizures of focal origin often occur unpredictably as do interictal spikes. It is often assumed that spikes increase prior to seizures of focal origin and that antiepileptic medication affects spikes and seizures in a parallel fashion. We review evidence that this assumption is invalid and that there is a clear dissociation between spikes and seizures: increases in spiking before seizures have not been clearly documented; decreases in antiepileptic medication do not result directly in increased spiking; seizures are often followed by long-lasting increases in spiking; finally, seizures are no more likely when spikes are frequent than when spikes are rare. It therefore appears that spikes and seizures are two quite distinct phenomena, both originating in the epileptic focus but varying over time differently from what is most often believed.
Diagonal test and diagnostic schemes for flash memories (2003)

Embedded flash memory plays an increasingly important role for system-on-chip (SOC), especially for battery-powered devices. Testing and diagnosis of embedded flash memory is becoming one of the key development and production issues for many SOC products. Moreover, high density, high capacity, and the integration of heterogeneous cores in an SOC results in long test time, which in turn lead to high test cost. In this paper we propose a new diagonal test algorithm for flash memory that effectively reduces the test time without sacrificing the fault coverage. Both disturb faults and conventional RAM faults are covered. A diagnostic algorithm is also presented, which can distinguish among all the disturb faults and most of the conventional RAM faults. Finally, a built-in self-diagnosis (BISD) scheme is proposed. The BISD circuit implements our algorithms and user-defined ones, and its area overhead is low, e.g., it contains only about 2,551 gates (2-3%) for a 2 Mb flash memory. The test time by our diagonal test is reduced by about 42.69% as compared with the best March-like algorithm reported so far.
Expression of aminopeptidase N (CD13) in mesenchymal tumors. (1990)

For a long time, CD13 molecules have been considered to be restricted to myeloid cells and related neoplasms. Meanwhile, however, expression of CD13 has also been detected in some hepatocellular, gallbladder, renal, and lung carcinomas, and even in some fibrosarcomas and malignant melanomas. In this study, expression of CD13 antigen was immunohistochemically examined in non-neoplastic mesenchymal cells, along with 33 benign and 83 malignant mesenchymal tumors (MET) using CD13 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) My7, U71, WM-15, and MoU48. In non-neoplastic mesenchymal cells, expression of CD13 was restricted to perivascular fibrocytes/blasts, tissue histiocytes, osteoclasts, and to the perineurium of peripheral nerve trunks. Under neoplastic conditions, CD13 was detectable in some tumors of smooth muscle, fibrous, fibrohistiocytic, synovial, osteogenic, and peripheral nerve sheath origin, and even in some tumors of adipose tissue. Tumors of striated muscle origin, of autonomic ganglia, and of cartilage-forming tissues were CD13-negative throughout. Thus in most but not all tumors studied the pattern of expression of CD13 mirrors the situation found in their cells of origin. These findings enrich the data on expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens in extra-hematopoietic tissues. Expression of CD13, which meanwhile is known to be identical to aminopeptidase N, an important peptide-cleaving enzyme, in only some MET might reflect a special functional state of these neoplasms.
Two-Person Zero-Sum Games for Network Interdiction (1995)

A single evader attempts to traverse a path between two nodes in a network while a single interdictor attempts to detect the evader by setting up an inspection point along one of the network arcs. For each arc there is a known probability of detection if the evader traverses the arc that the interdictor is inspecting. The evader must determine a probabilistic “path-selection” strategy which minimizes the probability of detection while the interdictor must determine a probabilistic “arc-inspection” strategy which maximizes the probability of detection. The interdictor represents, in a simplified form, U.S. and allied forces attempting to interdict drugs and precursor chemicals as they are moved through river, road, and air routes in Latin America and the Caribbean. We show that the basic scenario is a two-person zero-sum game that might require the enumeration of an exponential number of paths, but then show that optimal strategies can be found using network flow techniques of polynomial complexity. To enhance realism, we also solve problems with unknown origins and destinations, multiple interdictors or evaders, and other generalizations.
A Review on Video-Based Human Activity Recognition (2013)

This review article surveys extensively the current progresses made toward video-based human activity recognition. Three aspects for human activity recognition are addressed including core technology, human activity recognition systems, and applications from low-level to high-level representation. In the core technology, three critical processing stages are thoroughly discussed mainly: human object segmentation, feature extraction and representation, activity detection and classification algorithms. In the human activity recognition systems, three main types are mentioned, including single person activity recognition, multiple people interaction and crowd behavior, and abnormal activity recognition. Finally the domains of applications are discussed in detail, specifically, on surveillance environments, entertainment environments and healthcare systems. Our survey, which aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the field, also addresses several challenges associated with these systems and applications. Moreover, in this survey, various applications are discussed in great detail, specifically, a survey on the applications in healthcare monitoring systems.
SOAPdenovo-Trans: <i>de novo</i> transcriptome assembly with short RNA-Seq reads (2014)

Source code and user manual are available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/soapdenovotrans/.
Rational syntheses of core–shell Fe@(PtRu) nanoparticle electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction with complete suppression of CO-poisoning and highly enhanced activity (2015)

We report the syntheses and characterization of ternary nanoparticles of Fe<italic>x</italic>@(PtRu)<sub>(1−x)/2</sub>(<italic>x</italic>= 0.0–0.44) with Fe cores and PtRu alloy shells, which exhibit greatly improved electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation reaction.