gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabricating capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers with a novel silicon-nitride-Based wafer bonding process (2009)

We report the fabrication and experimental testing of 1-D 23-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays that have been fabricated using a novel wafer-bonding process whereby the membrane and the insulation layer are both silicon nitride. The membrane and cell cavities are deposited and patterned on separate wafers and fusion-bonded in a vacuum environment to create CMUT cells. A user-grown silicon-nitride membrane layer avoids the need for expensive silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, reduces parasitic capacitance, and reduces dielectric charging. It allows more freedom in selecting the membrane thickness while also providing the benefits of wafer-bonding fabrication such as excellent fill factor, ease of vacuum sealing, and a simplified fabrication process when compared with the more standard sacrificial release process. The devices fabricated have a cell diameter of 22 microm, a membrane thickness of 400 nm, a gap depth of 150 nm, and an insulation thickness of 250 nm. The resonant frequency of the CMUT in air is 17 MHz and has an attenuation compensated center frequency of approximately 9 MHz in immersion with a -6 dB fractional bandwidth of 123%. This paper presents the fabrication process and some characterization results.
Toward understanding macrocycle specificity of iron on the dioxygen-binding ability: a theoretical study (2011)

In an effort to examine the interaction between dioxygen and iron-macrocyclic complexes, and to understand how this interaction was affected by those different macrocyclic ligands, dioxygen binding with iron-porphyrin, iron-phthalocyanine, iron-dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene, and iron-salen complexes is investigated by means of quantum chemical calculations utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT). Based on the analysis of factors influencing the corresponding dioxygen binding process, it showed that different macrocyclic ligands possess different O-O bond distances, and different electronic configurations for the bound O(2) and non-aromatic macrocyclic ligands favor dioxygen activation. Furthermore, the smaller the energy gap between the HOMO of iron-macrocyclic complexes and the LUMO of dioxygen, the more active the bound O(2) becomes, with a longer O-O bond distance and a shorter Fe-O bond length.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MALO‐LACTIC BACTERIA FROM ISRAELI RED WINES (1977)

ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out to isolate and characterize bacteria responsible for malo‐lactic acid fermentation in Israeli red wines. Ten cultures of malic acid‐decomposing bacteria were isolated from Carignan and Cabernet Sauvignon red wines that underwent spontaneous malo‐lactic fermentation. The bacteria were characterized with respect to their physiological and biochemical properties and compared to other known malo‐lactic bacteria. Of the bacterial strains isolated, 6 were classified as belonging to the genus Lactobacillus , including 2 strains of L. planturum, 2 strains of L. brevis and 2 strains of nonidentified Streptobacterium species. Four strains were classified as belonging to the genus Leuconostoc including 3 strains of L. oenos and one strain of L. dextrunicum . Four isolates of these cultures as well as L. oenos ML‐34 were used in experiments in which malo‐lactic fermentation was induced in Carignan wine. The resultant wines were subjected to sensory evaluation by an expert; and the results indicated that the malo‐lactic fermentation did not reduce the quality of an Israeli red wine having a high pH and low total acidity. Indeed, if it was carried out with chosen inocula it could apparently improve the wine significantly.
Body temperatures during menopausal hot flashes (1975)

Body temperatures during hot flashes were measured in a menopausal woman. Internal temperatures fell after each flash; lowest: rectal, 35.6 degrees C; vaginal, 35.6 degrees C; tympanic, 35.2 degrees C. Where sweating occurred, the skin temperature fell during the flash and rose after it. Finger and toe temperatures always showed a sharp rise at the onset of a flash with a slower fall after the flash. Only the cheeks showed additional temperature rises; maximum, 0.7 degrees C. The heart accelerated 13% at the onset of the flash but slowed immediately thereafter. The flash interval was sharply demarcated by undulations in the ECG baseline. There was never any premonitory sign of the imminence of a flash. A central excitatory state seemed to build up, perhaps by the accumulation of a chemical compound, but not of heat, which was explosively dischargedmthe thermal distress was probably evoked by vascular warming in the cheeks. Dabbing the malar prominences with cold water brought prompt relief.
Eosinophils contribute to innate antiviral immunity and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (2007)

Eosinophils are recruited to the lungs in response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection; however, their role in promoting antiviral host defense remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that eosinophils express TLRs that recognize viral nucleic acids, are activated and degranulate after single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) stimulation of the TLR-7-MyD88 pathway, and provide host defense against RSV that is MyD88 dependent. In contrast to wild-type mice, virus clearance from lung tissue was more rapid in hypereosinophilic (interleukin-5 transgenic) mice. Transfer of wild-type but not MyD88-deficient eosinophils to the lungs of RSV-infected wild-type mice accelerated virus clearance and inhibited the development of airways hyperreactivity. Similar responses were observed when infected recipient mice were MyD88 deficient. Eosinophils isolated from infected hypereosinophilic MyD88-sufficient but not MyD88-deficient mice expressed greater amounts of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and eosinophil-associated ribonucleases EAR-1 and EAR-2. Hypereosinophilia in the airways of infected mice also correlated with increased expression of IRF-7, IFN-beta, and NOS-2, and inhibition of NO production with the NOS-2 inhibitor L-NMA partially reversed the accelerated virus clearance promoted by eosinophils. Collectively, our results demonstrate that eosinophils can protect against RSV in vivo, as they promote virus clearance and may thus limit virus-induced lung dysfunction.
Surface classification using acceleration signals recorded during human freehand movement (2015)

When a tool is used to tap onto an object or it is dragged over the object surface, vibrations are induced in the tool that can be captured using acceleration sensors. Based on these signals, this paper presents an approach for tool-mediated surface classification which is robust against varying scan-time parameters. We examine freehand recordings of 69 textures and propose a classification system that uses perception-related features such as hardness, roughness and friction as well as selected features adapted from speech recognition such as modified cepstral coefficients. We focus on mitigating the effect of varying contact force and hand speed conditions on these features as a prerequisite for a robust machine-learning-based approach for surface classification. Our system works without explicit scan force and velocity measurements. Experimental results show that our proposed approach allows for successful classification of surface textures under varying freehand movement conditions. The proposed features lead to a classification accuracy of 95% when combined with a Naive Bayes Classifier.
Formalizing hardware/software interface specifications (2011)

Software drivers are usually developed after hardware devices become available. This dependency can induce a long product cycle. Although co-simulation and co-verification techniques have been utilized to facilitate the driver development, Hardware/Software (HW/SW) interface models, as the test harnesses, are often challenging to specify. Such interface models should have formal semantics, be efficient for testing, and cover all HW/SW behaviors described by HW/SW interface protocols. We present an approach to formalizing HW/SW interface specifications, where we propose a semantic model, relative atomicity, to capture the concurrency model in HW/SW interfaces; demonstrate our approach via a realistic example; elaborate on how we have utilized this approach in device/driver development process; and discuss criteria for evaluating our formal specifications. We have detected fifteen issues in four English specifications. Furthermore, our formal specifications are readily useful as the test harnesses for co-verification, which has discovered twelve real bugs in five industrial driver programs.
Introduction to microprocessors: Software, hardware, programming (1978)

Introduction to Microprocessors: Software, Hardware, Programming , Introduction to Microprocessors: Software, Hardware, Programming , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Effects of Atmospheric Gases on Li Metal Cyclability and Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation (2020)

For Li-air batteries, dissolved gas can cross over from the air electrode to the Li metal anode and affect the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, a phenomenon that has not been fully characterized. In this work, the impact of atmospheric gases on the SEI properties is studied using electrochemical methods and ex situ characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of O<sub>2</sub> significantly improved the lithium cyclability; less lithium is consumed to form the SEI or is lost because of electrical disconnects. However, the SEI resistivity and plating overpotentials increased. Lithium cycled in an "air-like" mixed O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> environment also demonstrated improved cycling efficiency, suggesting that dissolved O<sub>2</sub> participates in electrolyte reduction, forming a homogeneous SEI, even at low concentrations. The impact of gas environments on Li metal plating and SEI formation represents an additional parameter in designing future Li-metal batteries.
Analysis of Financial Credit Risk Using Machine Learning (2017)

Corporate insolvency can have a devastating effect on the economy. With an increasing number of companies making expansion overseas to capitalize on foreign resources, a multinational corporate bankruptcy can disrupt the world's financial ecosystem. Corporations do not fail instantaneously; objective measures and rigorous analysis of qualitative (e.g. brand) and quantitative (e.g. econometric factors) data can help identify a company's financial risk. Gathering and storage of data about a corporation has become less difficult with recent advancements in communication and information technologies. The remaining challenge lies in mining relevant information about a company's health hidden under the vast amounts of data, and using it to forecast insolvency so that managers and stakeholders have time to react. In recent years, machine learning has become a popular field in big data analytics because of its success in learning complicated models. Methods such as support vector machines, adaptive boosting, artificial neural networks, and Gaussian processes can be used for recognizing patterns in the data (with a high degree of accuracy) that may not be apparent to human analysts. This thesis studied corporate bankruptcy of manufacturing companies in Korea and Poland using experts' opinions and financial measures, respectively. Using publicly available datasets, several machine learning methods were applied to learn the relationship between the company's current state and its fate in the near future. Results showed that predictions with accuracy greater than 95% were achievable using any machine learning technique when informative features like experts' assessment were used. However, when using purely financial factors to predict whether or not a company will go bankrupt, the correlation is not as strong.
Henry's Law Constants and Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients for Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by a Validated Batch Air Stripping Method (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHenry's Law Constants and Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients for Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by a Validated Batch Air Stripping MethodFrands. Nielsen, Erik. Olsen, and Aage. FredenslundCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 12, 2133–2138Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00061a022https://doi.org/10.1021/es00061a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views925Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AUSCULTATORY PERCUSSION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PLEURAL EFFUSION (1927)

Refinements in diagnosis are always useful, and in the recognition of pleurisy with effusion, roentgen-ray facilities are not always at hand. For several years, I have found a method of auscultation with percussion of great service in detecting pleuritic effusion. The bell of the stethoscope is placed in the lower axilla, when the patient is seated, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae are tapped gently from above downward with the percussion finger. If an effusion is present, a change to a note of higher and shorter pitch is detected at a spinous process which, in the case of the affected side, is above that of the normal side. In many instances, this change of tone accords with the apex of the Grocco triangle, and it does not in general coincide with the upper edge of the fluid content. The method should be practiced on normal persons, with the eyes
Development of a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis expressing a human <i>SOD1</i> transgene (2005)

Mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) have been linked to some familial cases of ALS. We report here that rats that express a human SOD1 transgene with two different ALS-associated mutations (G93A and H46R) develop striking motor neuron degeneration and paralysis. By comparing the two transgenic rats with different SOD1 mutations, we demonstrate that the time course in these rats was similar to human SOD1-mediated familial ALS. As in the human disease and transgenic ALS mice, pathological analysis shows selective loss of motor neurons in the spinal cords of these transgenic rats. In addition, typical neuronal Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions as well as astrocytic hyaline inclusions identical to those in human familial ALS are observed in the spinal cords. The larger size of this rat model as compared with the ALS mice will facilitate studies involving manipulations of spinal fluid (implantation of intrathecal catheters for chronic therapeutic studies; CSF sampling) and spinal cord (e.g., direct administration of viral- and cell-mediated therapies).
A new method for automatic recognition of the radiographic trabecular pattern (1990)

This study reports a method to describe and analyze the structure of the trabecular pattern seen on radiographs of the distal radius. The structure is measured and related to the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine measured by dual-photon absorptiometry. Radiographs of hand and wrist combined with additional information of the bone mineral density of the vertebrae serve as testing material. With a computer-aided imaging system, a part of the depicted radius is scanned. The image is filtered and segmented into a bilevel picture consisting of a light network with dark meshes. Seven features of the bilevel picture are measured and analyzed. It is shown that six features correlate significantly with the bone mineral density measured at the lumbar spine, although the correlations between the trabecular pattern and the BMD are too weak to allow precise predictions of BMD values for individuals. Nevertheless, the correlations confirm the existence of a relationship between the radiographic trabecular pattern and the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine. The method is worth being further developed for use on individual patients. It provides a noninvasive tool to make an objective and quantitative assessment of the trabecular pattern.
Mixtures of Soybean Cultivars to Minimize Yield Loss Caused by Iron‐Deficiency Chlorosis<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Seed mixtures of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars are an alternative to a pure stand of a high‐yielding susceptible or a lower‐yielding resistant cultivar for minimizing yield loss from iron‐deficiency chlorosis. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the yield of mixtures and the frequency of component cultivars that differ in their level of resistance to iron‐deficiency chlorosis. Seed of a highly resistant line A2 was mixed with each of four cultivars; ‘Weber’ (moderately resistant), ‘Wells’ (moderately susceptible), ‘Corsoy’ (susceptible), and ‘S1492’ (highly susceptible). The proportions varied by 10% increments from 90% A2 to 10% A2. The nine mixtures of each cultivar pair and a pure stand of each component were evaluated in Iowa on calcareous soil in replicated yield tests at seven environments. The cultivar pair ✕ component frequency interaction was highly significant because the yield of the mixtures varied with the amount of yield reduction sustained by the susceptible component. There were no significant differences in yield among frequencies for the A2‐Weber mixtures at any of the seven environments. The results indicate that there would not be a benefit from mixing a high‐yielding cultivar with moderate resistance and a lower‐yielding cultivar with a high level of resistance. The average percentage of A2 required in a mixture to obtain a yield within 10% of a pure stand of A2 was 20% for A2‐Wells, 33% for A2‐Corsoy, and 39% for A2‐S1492. Productivity of fields planted to a seed mixture, resistant cultivar, or susceptible cultivar depends on the percentage of calcareous area in the field, the yield difference between the resistant and susceptible cultivars on noncalcareous soil, and the level of chlorosis susceptibility for the cultivars being considered. Procedures are discussed for calculating when a cultivar or a mixture would be most productive.
Strain-Dependent Dynamic Properties of Carbon-Black Reinforced Vulcanizates. I. Individual Elastomers (1975)

Abstract The degree of carbon—black particle aggregation (transient structure) in conventional vulcanizates varies with the nature of the elastomers. This is revealed by the variation of (G m ′ −G ∞ƒ ′ ) , which is a measure of the transient structure. The relationship between G m ″ and (G m ′ −G ∞ƒ ′ ) as well as that between strain work and normalized modulus show similarity to earlier work in which the polymer type was not varied. This suggests that carbon-black structural elements act as energy storage units and are of the same type in all these polymers. While the decrease of in-phase modulus is primarily caused by carbon-black particle units, tan δ reflects also the effect of the polymeric matrix.
Off-Target <i>In Vitro</i> Profiling Demonstrates that Remdesivir Is a Highly Selective Antiviral Agent (2020)

Remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), the first FDA-approved antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, is a single diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue. It is intracellularly metabolized into the active triphosphate form, which in turn acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of multiple viral RNA polymerases. RDV has broad-spectrum activity against members of the coronavirus family, such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, as well as filoviruses and paramyxoviruses. To assess the potential for off-target toxicity, RDV was evaluated in a set of cellular and biochemical assays. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in a set of relevant human cell lines and primary cells. In addition, RDV was evaluated for mitochondrial toxicity under aerobic and anaerobic metabolic conditions, and for the effects on mitochondrial DNA content, mitochondrial protein synthesis, cellular respiration, and induction of reactive oxygen species. Last, the active 5'-triphosphate metabolite of RDV, GS-443902, was evaluated for potential interaction with human DNA and RNA polymerases. Among all of the human cells tested under 5 to 14 days of continuous exposure, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC<sub>50</sub>) values of RDV ranged from 1.7 to >20 μM, resulting in selectivity indices (SI, CC<sub>50</sub>/EC<sub>50</sub>) from >170 to 20,000, with respect to RDV anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (50% effective concentration [EC<sub>50</sub>] of 9.9 nM in human airway epithelial cells). Overall, the cellular and biochemical assays demonstrated a low potential for RDV to elicit off-target toxicity, including mitochondria-specific toxicity, consistent with the reported clinical safety profile.
Mechanisms of Neutralization of a Human Anti-α-toxin Antibody (2014)

MEDI4893 is a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that targets α-toxin (AT) and is currently undergoing evaluation in the field of Staphylococcus aureus-mediated diseases. We have solved the crystal structure of MEDI4893 Fab bound to monomeric AT at a resolution of 2.56 Å and further characterized its epitope using various engineered AT variants. We have found that MEDI4893 recognizes a novel epitope in the so-called "rim" domain of AT and exerts its neutralizing effect through a dual mechanism. In particular, MEDI4893 not only sterically blocks binding of AT to its cell receptor but also prevents it from adopting a lytic heptameric trans-membrane conformation.
Maturity Models for Information Systems - A State of the Art (2016)

A Maturity Model is a widely used technique that is proved to be valuable to assess business processes or certain aspects of organizations, as it represents a path towards an increasingly organized and systematic way of doing business. A maturity assessment can be used to measure the current maturity level of a certain aspect of an organization in a meaningful way, enabling stakeholders to clearly identify strengths and improvement points, and accordingly prioritize what to do in order to reach higher maturity levels. This paper collects and analyzes the current practice on maturity models, by analyzing a collection of maturity models from literature.
Bandpass Filter With Dielectric Materials Used for Broadcasting Channel Filter (1980)

There are a lot of UHF television translator in Japan, and the equipment itself has been made small by using the recent solid state technology. Our paper reports the miniaturized channel filter with dielectric materials used for UHF television translator equipment in future.