gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin-S ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity (2016)

The gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with drug resistance complications and, as such, an important object for drug discovery efforts. One attractive target for development of therapeutics is the ADP-ribosyltransferase Exotoxin-S (ExoS), an early effector of the type III secretion system that is delivered into host cells to affect their transcription pattern and cytoskeletal dynamics. The purpose of this study was to formulate a real-time assay of purified recombinant ExoS activity for high-throughput application. We characterized the turnover kinetics of the fluorescent dinucleotide 1,N(6)-etheno-NAD+ as co-substrate for ExoS. Further, we found that the toxin relied on any of five tested isoforms of human 14-3-3 to modify vH-Ras and the Rho-family GTPases Rac1, -2, and -3 and RhoC. We then used 14-3-3β-stimulated ExoS modification of vH-Ras to screen a collection of low-molecular-weight compounds selected to target the poly-ADP ribose polymerase family and identified 3-(4-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)propanoic acid as an ExoS inhibitor with micromolar potency. Thus, we present an optimized method to screen for inhibitors of ExoS activity that is amenable to high-throughput format and an intermediate affinity inhibitor that can serve both as assay control and as a starting point for further development.
Digital I/Q demodulator (2002)

I/Q demodulation is a common and useful RF signal processing technique used in charged-particle accelerators. When implemented with conventional analog RF components, a number of inherent errors can degrade the I/Q Demodulator performance, including gain balance, quadrature-phase balance, DC offsets, impedance match, and carrier leakage. Recent advances in high-speed analog-to-digital converters allow the I/Q demodulator to be implemented digitally, greatly reducing these systematic errors. This paper describes the design of a digital I/Q demodulator that will be applied to the PEP-II B factory.
Synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators with LiB_3O_5 (1995)

We have constructed a synchronously pumped parametric oscillator that uses temperature-tuned, noncritically phase-matched LiB3O5 as the nonlinear medium. We have synchronously pumped this LiB3O5 parametric oscillator with two different pump sources. The first is a cw mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser that produces 2 W of 100-fs pulses near 800 nm. Using this pump source, we have generated pulses as short as 40 fs, or as much as 550 mW of average power. We demonstrate the synchronization between the pump and the signal pulses by generating a 100-fs cross correlation. Our second pump source is a novel frequency-doubled diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser that produces 2 W of 6-ps pulses at 532 nm. We have generated pulses as short as 270 fs with extracavity dispersion compensation from this all-solid-state system.
Rule learning with monotonicity constraints (2009)

In classification with monotonicity constraints, it is assumed that the class label should increase with increasing values on the attributes. In this paper we aim at formalizing the approach to learning with monotonicity constraints from statistical point of view. Motivated by the statistical analysis, we present an algorithm for learning rule ensembles. The algorithm first "monotonizes" the data using a nonparametric classification procedure and then generates a rule ensemble consistent with the training set. The procedure is justified by a theoretical analysis and verified in a computational experiment.
A new dual-band antenna for ISM application (2003)

This paper presents dual-band antenna structures for portable applications. The antenna can be stamped from sheet metal or manufactured on a single-sided PCB. No additional impedance matching is necessary. The antenna structure is simple, but it has high efficiency and reasonable SWR bandwidth.
Multi-agency public protection panels: speaking different languages (2007)

Multi-agency collaboration is a central concept of the rapidly expanding public protection agenda. But can services, working to different agendas, ever get along? Tim Turner and Anthony Colombo discuss a new national strategy that aims to promote the flow of information
Extracting building features from high resolution aerial imagery for natural hazards risk assessment (2003)

Natural hazards risk assessment requires data on the built environment. This paper reports an image analysis method that can extract building features, mainly roof plan areas, for potential vulnerability analysis. Both pixel- and object-based image processing methods are adopted. First, red/green/blue colour bands and image textures are incorporated in a supervised artificial neural network classifier to achieve good classification results of individual roofs. Second, within object-based methods a hybrid of region and edge segmentations using colours and shapes is employed to extract useful spatial information of salient ground objects. Finally, the extracted spatial information is used to refine the pre-classified image of building roofs. An AUSIMAGE/spl trade/ digital aerial image with a spatial resolution of 0.2 m is tested. The directly extracted data include roof locations, plan areas, and perimeters. Derived data can include distances from building centroids to street centre lines, and distances between adjacent buildings. Such extracted data can greatly assist detailed bushfire, hail, tornado, and flood risk assessment.
Induced evaporation of metal from an aluminum surface by a normal pulse neodymium laser (1979)

Laser induced evaporation of material from the surface of an aluminum target in a vacuum was studied. Based on a literature examination, material removal using a normal pulse laser was judged to be more efficient than for a Q-switched laser. The experiment was conducted using a neodymium glass laser modified for normal pulse operation. The energy density was varied from 850 J/sq cm where no breakdown occurred to 5000 J/sq cm where the threshold for breakdown was exceeded. The normal pulse duration was 600 microsec. Analysis of the ejected material was achieved by using a Hughes Ionization Gauge placed in the path of the ejected material. Oscilloscope traces of the ionization gauge output show that the gauge 'sees' what is flying past it. There is good correlation between laser radiation, plasma radiation and ionization gauge fluctuations. The ionization gauge gave distinguishable signals for ions, electrons, and neutral particles ejected from the target surface. Signal sequence was dependent on the particle velocity. By measuring the elapsed time after ejection from the surface and the target to collector distance, the first arriving neutral particle velocity was determined to be 5.2 times ten to the 4th power cm/s. (Author)
CD40 ligand is a critical effector of Epstein–Barr virus in host cell survival and transformation (2003)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), implicated in numerous human diseases, including lymphoid malignancies, persistently infects peripheral B cells and transforms them into lymphoblastoid cell lines. Here we found that EBV equally infected B cells from patients with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome and those from healthy donors; however, it hardly transformed X-linked hyper IgM syndrome B cells, because of the dysfunctional gene of CD40 ligand (CD40L) of the patients. Unlike CD40, CD40L is not usually expressed on B cells. However, we found that EBV infection of normal B cells induced CD40L expression as a critical effector in host cell transformation and survival. Moreover, chronic active EBV infection of peripheral T cells, implicated in T cell malignancies, was associated with ectopic expression of CD40, and, in Jurkat T cells, EBV infection induced CD40 expression. These results suggest that EBV infection induces CD40L/CD40 signaling in host cells, which appears to play an essential role in its persistent infection and malignancies of lymphocytes.
Multifunctional porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials (2019)

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an interesting type of polymeric porous materials that can be self-assembled through H-bonding between organic linkers. To realize permanent porosity in HOFs, stable and robust open frameworks can be constructed by judicious selection of rigid molecular building blocks and hydrogen-bonded units with strong H-bonding interactions, in which the framework stability might be further enhanced through framework interpenetration and other types of weak intermolecular interactions such as ππ interactions. Owing to the reversible and flexible nature of H-bonding connections, HOFs show high crystallinity, solution processability, easy healing and purification. These unique advantages enable HOFs to be used as a highly versatile platform for exploring multifunctional porous materials. Here, the bright potential of HOF materials as multifunctional materials is highlighted in some of the most important applications for gas storage and separation, molecular recognition, electric and optical materials, chemical sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine.
Efficiency optimized control of medium-size induction motor drives (2002)

The efficiency of a variable speed induction motor drive can be optimized by adaption of the motor flux level to the load torque. In small drives (<10 kW) this can be done without considering the relatively small converter losses, but for medium-size drives (10-1000 kW) the losses can not be disregarded without further analysis. The importance of the converter losses on efficiency optimization in medium-size drives is analyzed in this paper. Based on the experiments with a 90 kW drive it is found that it is not critical if the converter losses are neglected in the control, except that the robustness towards load disturbances may unnecessarily be reduced. Both displacement power factor and model-based efficiency optimizing control methods perform well in medium-size drives. The last strategy is also tested on a 22 kW drive with good results.
Limits in boost power factor corrector operating in border-line mode (2003)

The single-phase boost power factor correctors may operate in the so called border-line mode, which is distinguished by variable switching frequency. If some constraints are imposed on variability of this frequency some limits to output voltage and power of the circuit appear at once. The paper shows the origin of them and presents formulas and graphs helpful in a proper choice of circuit parameters in order to keep the switching frequency within a predefined range, also under the changes of input line voltage and of the load resistance.
Behavior and Properties of Zircaloys in Power Reactors: A Short Review of Pertinent Aspects in LWR Fuel (1996)

Zircaloy-2 and -4, developed mainly in the United States, have been used in Germany for fuel rod claddings and in-core structural components from the beginning of reactor technology. Extensive studies of the material properties of the Zircaloys have been performed in Siemens laboratories since 1957. Irradiation testing was done in several test reactors. However, the combined effects of irradiation and real environmental conditions were determined through many experimental irradiations in existing power reactors. Elaborate examinations in the reactor pools of such experimental materials and of many standard fuel rods and assemblies after intermediate, full, and intentionally extended exposures were the main source of information and hard data. These programs were supported by several utilities and in certain areas carried out in cooperation with others. Zircaloy-2 and -4 turned out to be very reliable materials that fulfilled all requirements for normal operation and likewise the requirements for postulated accidental conditions and for intermediate storage for many years. Optimization of Zircaloy-2 and -4 during recent years includes both optimization of microstructure and of chemical composition. BWRs and PWRs need differently optimized materials. Today's more demanding operation conditions and discharge burnups required a further optimization of the Zircaloys and for “hot” PWRs even the development of more corrosion-resistant Zr alloys. A significant improvement of PWR corrosion behavior can be achieved with Zr alloys using the alloying elements of Zircaloy with somewhat modified concentrations. Sn should be below or at least in the lower range of the ASTM specification range for Zircaloy-4, Fe and Cr should be somewhat higher, and Si should be specified as an alloying element rather than as an impurity.
Structural study of isoflavonoids possessing antioxidant activity isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. (1989)

Structures of three antioxidant isoflavonoids isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces sp. OH-1049 were shown to be 4', 7, 8-trihydroxyisoflavone (1), 3', 4', 7-trihydroxyisoflavone (2) and 8-chloro-3', 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxyisoflavone (3), respectively. Among them, 3 is a novel isoflavonoid possessing a chlorine atom in the molecule. Compound 1 was synthesized and its antitumor activities were tested against IMC carcinoma, SI80, P388 leukemia and P388/ADM leukemia in vivo. As a result, 1 showed 139% increase in life span (ILS) against SI80 bearing mice whereas it showed slight or no ILS against IMC carcinoma, P388 leukemia and P388/ADM leukemia bearing mice.
Modification of human hemoglobin by glutathione. III. Perturbations of hemoglobin conformation analyzed by computer modeling. (1986)

The perturbations of the conformation of human deoxyhemoglobin induced by the covalent attachment of glutathione at cysteine beta 93 have been investigated by computer simulation in conjunction with molecular graphics. In the first phase of the analysis, a systematic search was carried out of the conformational space of glutathione attached to deoxyhemoglobin. In this search, the conformation of the hemoglobin molecule was held constant, while the relative energies of a series of 186,624 glutathione conformations involving systematic variation of six dihedral angels were calculated. From this search, the most favorable conformation was selected as the starting conformation for energy minimization of the glutathionyl hemoglobin molecule as a function of all Cartesian coordinates. In order to provide a reference state, an independent minimization by the same procedures was carried out for deoxyhemoglobin in the absence of glutathione. Comparison of the minimized structures with and without glutathione attached revealed a number of significant differences. The most conspicuous difference in the protein moiety concerned the salt bridge between aspartate beta 94 and histidine beta 146 which is destabilized upon minimization of the glutathionyl-hemoglobin complex due to interactions of the aspartate residue with the glycyl NH group of glutathione. Other observed differences in the minimized structures are located at the alpha 1-beta 2 interface and include displacement of the carboxyl group of aspartate beta 99. In the minimized complex, the glutathione portion assumes a quasi-cyclic conformation stabilized through interactions between the free (gamma-glutamyl) amino and (glycyl) carboxyl ends of the tripeptide and between this carboxyl end and the epsilon amino group of lysine alpha 40. In a parallel conformational study of glutathione alone, a similar structure was found as the lowest energy form. These quasi-cyclic conformations contrast with the extended structures reported by Wright (Wright, W.B. (1955) Acta Crystallogr. 11, 632-642) for crystals of glutathione where interactions between molecules play a major role. The conclusions of our analysis are in agreement with the experimental investigations reported in the two preceding papers and permit, moreover, a coherent interpretation of the observed functional and structural changes in deoxyhemoglobin induced by glutathione.
THE BACKGROUND OF SNOPESISM IN MISSISSIPPI POLITICS (1964)

My intention is not draw, as John Cullen delightfully does in Old Times in the Faulkner Country, any parallels between real people and Faulkner Ts characters. Nor do I intend derive picture of Mississippi at the turn of the century from clues in The Hamlet. Rather I wish confront the historical record of the period with Faulkner's portrayal in the novel of human beings dramatizing their values through their actions. This confrontation shows, I believe, how Snopesism however it may also reflect universal patterns of behavior arose from conditions that existed in particular place at particular time. To support the validity of this effort, I call upon Faulkner himself, who said during his visit Japan, my country, an artist is nothing. Nobody pays attention him. ... In my country, instead of asking the artist what makes children commit suicide, they goto the Chairman of General Motors and ask him. That is true. If you make million dollars, you know all the answers. But this cynical outburst can only mean that Faulkner did not believe that we might do better ask the artist. He also said during these talks at Nagano that he loved his country enough to want cure its faults by shaming and criticizing it. He felt that the writer not be just Recorder T of man he should give man some reason believe that man can be better than he is. 2 The novelist goes behind, beyond the facts, but he need not ignore them. The Hamlet has often been brilliantly discussed as dramatization of archetypal patterns of behavior, but treat the novel exclusively as kind of universal myth is miss some of its living qualities. Cleanth Brooks observes in William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Country that more than any other novel of Faulkner1 s, this first volume of the Snopes saga introduces us a strange and special world, but this world is no fantasy. It is the Mississippi of the half century between Reconstruction and the Great Depression. From outside, Mississippi looks like monolithic ally single-minded place where the most unswerving kind of conformity in all things is not even demanded, but simply taken for granted as the price of bare existence. White Supremacy is, of course, the fundamental tenet of local faith, but Mississippians can agree among themselves on little but the divinely or-
Hydrolysis and Precipitation of Polyacrylamides in Hard Brines at Elevated Temperatures (1987)

Summary Laboratory data are used to show that commercial polyacrylamides hydrolyze to an equilibrium degree that depends on the temperature of hydrolysis but is largely independent of the brine composition. At greater than 20 ppm hardness levels, polyaerylamide solutions pass through a sharp cloud point as their temperature is raised. This cloud-point temperature depends primarily on the hardness level of the brine and the degree of hydrolysis of the polymer, with lesser dependency on polymer molecular weight and polymer concentration. Indications are that these cloudy solutions cause plugging of porous media. Therefore, a polymer solution is potentially useful only below its cloud-point temperature. For application in a given reservoir, the temperature and frequently the hardness of the water are fixed. If a polyaerylamide hydrolyzes at reservoir conditions to where its cloud point in the field water falls below the reservoir temperature, it is not suitable for polymer flooding in that reservoir. Cloud-point data, in conjunction with rate-of-hydrolysis data, indicate a "safe" limit of approximately 75°C [167°F] for brines containing 2,000 ppm hardness and above, increasing to around 88°C [190°F] at 500 ppm, 96°C [205°F] at 270 ppm, and at least 204°C [400°F] at 20 ppm and below. Most unsoftened injection waters will limit polyacrylamide use to below 93 °C [200°F]. Most produced waters will limit applicability to below 82°C [180°F].
Stanniocalcin 1 Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation in Rat Calvaria Cell Cultures (2003)

Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a mammalian homolog of STC, the fish calcium/phosphate-regulating polypeptide whose functions are only beginning to be elucidated. Recently, we demonstrated that STC1 stimulates, in an autocrine/paracrine fashion, bone mineralization by increasing phosphate uptake in osteoblasts apparently via the functional activity of the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, Pit1. We have now assessed the role of STC1 on osteoblast development in fetal rat calvaria (RC) cell cultures. STC1 mRNA and protein were differentially expressed over the time course of cultures, and dexamethasone, a potent stimulator of differentiation in this model, shifted peak STC1 expression levels to earlier times. Overexpression [recombinant human (rh) STC1] and underexpression (antisense oligonucleotides) of STC1 accelerated and retarded, respectively, osteogenic development as well as osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression in mature osteoblast cultures, but not osteoprogenitor cell cultures. Dexamethasone shifted the effective doses required for these effects to higher and lower concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides and rhSTC1, respectively. Concomitantly, rhSTC1 increased both sodium-dependent phosphate uptake and Pit1 gene expression in nodule formation stages, but not in primitive progenitor stages of RC cell cultures. Thus, STC1 accelerates osteoblast development in an autocrine/paracrine manner in the RC cell culture model.
Comparison of Macroreticular Resin and Activated Carbon as Sorbents (1977)

The results of a comparison of one resin and one activated carbon in the isolation of organic compounds in water are reported.
Communications and Sensing of Illumination Contributions in a Power LED Lighting System (2008)

In recent years, LED technology emerged as a prime candidate for the future illumination light source, due to high energy efficiency and long life time. In addition, LEDs offer a superior flexibility in terms of colors and shapes, which leads to a potentially infinite variety of available light patterns. In order to create these patterns via easy user interaction, we need to sense the local light contribution of each LED. This measurement could be enabled through tagging of the light of each LED with unique embedded IDs. To this end, we propose a new modulation and multiple access scheme, named as code- time division multiple access - pulse position modulation (CTDMA- PPM): a form of PPM which is keyed according to a spreading sequence, and in which the duty cycle is subject to pulse width modulation (PWM) according to the required lighting setting. Our scheme considers illumination constraints in addition to the communication requirements and, to our best knowledge, it has not been addressed by other optical modulation methods. Based on the proposed modulation method and multiple access schemes, we develop a system structure, which includes illumination sources, a sensor receiver and a control system. Illumination sources illuminate the environment and transmit information, simultaneously. According to our theoretical analysis, this system structure could support a number of luminaries equal to the size of the CDMA codebook times the dimming range.
Allyl-Substituted Macrocyclic Crown Formazans: Promising Precursors for Polymer-Supported Macrocycles (2001)

The bisphenol 1 was obtained by reacting the amine hydrochloride 11 with cyanoacetic acid in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Thermal rearrangement of 1,5-bis(allyloxyphenyl)formazan (7) failed to give 1. Alkylation of the bis phenol 1 with 1,3-dibromopropane in basic solution under high dilution conditions gave the corresponding allyl-substituted macrocyclic formazan 2a in a very low yield. On the other hand, diazotization of the new bis amine hydrochloride 3a,b with NaNO2 in hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with the appropriate active methylene compounds furnished the corresponding macrocyclic formazans 2a-d. Compounds 3a ,b were obtained by first reacting the K-salt of 12 with the appropriate dihalides to give the corresponding bis acetamides 13 and 14, respectively. Subsequent acid hydrolysis of the latter afforded 3a,b in good yield.