gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of (100)-Textured Si Film Using an Excimer Laser on a Glass Substrate (2003)

We investigated the texture of excimer-laser crystallized Si film. For the first time, Si thin films with more than 96% (100) texture have been produced using excimer-laser crystallization of a-Si on a glass substrate. The (100) textured film has rectangular grains with edges parallel to the (110) direction. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSP), X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are presented. The results are interpreted on the basis of Si/SiO2 interface energy and a new grain-selection model.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some chalconyl semicarbazones (2013)

In this article, we have fused chalcone and semicarbazone nucleus and design a scheme for synthesizing a series of chalconesemicarbazones was evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Most of the compounds were found to be more or comparable potent than the reference standard drug.
Flow forming of aeroengine materials (2014)

Flow forming is a fairly new technique used for the production of dimensionallyaccurate near net shaped hollow components. The process has many advantagessuch as cost effectiveness and eliminating further operations like welding, machin-ing, etc. This study focuses on the characterization of flow formed componentsto understand the process. Flow formed components are composed of differentreductions and characterization techniques are applied to reveal the resulting mi-crostructural differences. Effect of number the of passes on the material is alsoinvestigated.Metallographic analysis was conducted by optical microscope, electron mi-cro probe analyser (EPMA) and the electron back scatter diffraction technique(EBSD) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Texture evolution of the sam-ples was examined either by laboratory x-ray diffraction or EBSD technique.Furthermore, residual stresses were measured by neutron diffraction (at StrainAnalyzer for Large and Small Scale Engineering Applications (SALSA) and PulseOverlap Diffractometer (POLDI) instruments), laboratory x-ray diffraction andhole drilling. Stress relief heat treatments were carried out at 500C for either 4or 16 hours to mitigate residual stresses without losing much of the strength.The experiments conducted show that flow forming is a process resulting inheterogeneous microstructure with grains elongated along the deformation direc-tion. Texture evolution is different from the typical rolling of steels with bodycentred cubic crystal structure. Any significant effect of the number of passeswas not observed.Due to the nature of the process, residual stresses in the axial and hoop direc-tions are critical. Therefore, stress distributions through thickness of the samplesare plotted. It is observed that in the thick section, the stresses are higher. Heattreatments applied at 500C for 4 or 16 hours are effective in diminishing thestresses.
Analysis of surface structure of carbon materials by using temperature-programmed desorption method (2009)

Temperature-progremmed desorption (TPD) method is useful for analyzing the surface structure, that is, oxygen-containing functional groups of carbon materials. This review introduced the analysis of the activated carbon fiber sample by TPD method, and discussed the change in the functional groups caused by the oxidation treatment and the relationship with the porosity parameters estimated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm. In addition, the structure of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples treated with nitric acid and then heated in either an inert gas or a hydrogen flow were evaluated by TPD method. Subsequent heat treatment of the acid-treated SWCNT sample is effective for the increase in the nitrogen or hydrogen adsorption due to the removal of the functional groups introduced by the acid treatment, and a hydrogen flow was more effective than an inert gas flow.
Bioactive Terpenes and Their Derivatives as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Proteases Inhibitors from Molecular Modeling Studies (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus; the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of cases and deaths to date have resulted in a global challenge for healthcare systems. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate, especially in elderly individuals with pre-existing chronic comorbidities. There are currently no effective therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the identification of effective therapeutics is a necessity. Terpenes are the largest class of natural products that could serve as a source of new drugs or as prototypes for the development of effective pharmacotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we discuss the antiviral activity of these natural products and we perform simulations against the M<sup>pro</sup> and PL<sup>pro</sup> enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. Our results strongly suggest the potential of these compounds against human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Early onset of puberty and early ovarian failure in CYP7B1 knockout mice (2005)

CYP7B1 is the enzyme responsible for hydroxylation and termination of the estrogenic actions of the androgen metabolite, 5alpha-androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol (3betaAdiol). 3betaAdiol is estrogenic in ERalpha or ERbeta positive cells only if they do not express CYP7B1. In this study we show that female CYP7B1(-/-) mice experience early onset of growth of the uterus and mammary glands and commence estrus cycles 2 days earlier than their wild-type littermates. Adult mammary glands and uteri appear to be under continuous estrogenic stimulation. We conclude that, by cell-specific regulation of the estrogenicity of 3betaAdiol, CYP7B1 performs two major tasks: (i) it allows 3betaAdiol to have growth inhibitory effects through ERbeta and (ii) it permits estradiol-specific activation of estrogen receptors by protection of certain cells from the estrogenic effects of 3betaAdiol. When CYP7B1 is inactivated, 3betaAdiol activates estrogen receptors indiscriminately, and the overall effect is prolonged and inappropriate exposure to estrogen.
Binary frame synchronisation sequences for packet radio (1987)

Frame synchronisation sequences with the smallest possible correlation sidelobes are determined by exhaustive search for the case when the frame synchronisation word is preceded by specific bit synchronisation patterns. For a given length these new sequences have significantly lower sidelobes than the optimum autocorrelation sequences.
Localized heating with a photothermal polydopamine coating facilitates a novel membrane distillation process (2018)

This study demonstrates a simple, stable, and scalable polydopamine (PDA) coated PVDF membrane for highly efficient solar-driven membrane distillation.
Effects of pH and Applied Potential on Photocurrent and Oxidation Rate of Saline Solutions of Formic Acid in a Photoelectrocatalytic Reactor (2000)

A photoelectrocatalytic reactor containing titania-coated titanium electrodes was employed to degrade solutions of formic acid (2 mmol dm-3) in 0.01 mol dm-3 NaCl. Reaction rates were increased above that observed for a purely photocatalytic experiment by operating at applied potentials of at least +1.0 V (versus saturated calomel electrode). The kinetics of photodegradation at +1.0 V was modeled effectively using a Langmuir−Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson expression. Unexpected results were obtained when only the background electrolyte was passed through the reactor. During initial recirculation of this solution with no UV illumination and no applied potential, the pH increased from 6.5 to 9, suggesting ion exchange of chloride ions with hydroxyl ions from the catalyst surface. However, when UV illumination was initiated with an applied potential, the pH decreased to 3.5−4.2, depending on the magnitude of the potential. The cause of this behavior is not known, although there are several explanations. Addition of formic acid to this system buffered the pH near 3, producing the highest rate of degradation at an applied potential of +1.0 V. When the formic acid test solution was adjusted to higher initial pH values, the reaction rate was unaffected until the pH increased above 5, at which point the rate decreased.
Wafer-Level Packaged CMOS-SOI-MEMS Thermal Sensor at Wide Pressure Range for IoT Applications (2020)

Wafer-level processed and wafer-level packaged low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal sensors are required for a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) and wearables applications. Recently, a new generation of uncooled thermal sensors based on CMOS-SOI-MEMS technology has emerged, with higher performance compared to commercial thermal sensors (bolometers, thermopiles, and pyroelectric sensors). The technology is implemented in commercial CMOS FABs and is, therefore, based on mature technology and implemented at a low cost. When packaged in a high vacuum, the sensors are dubbed TMOS and are applied for uncooled IR radiation. At atmospheric pressure, the sensors may function as gas sensors, dubbed GMOS. This paper focuses on the study of the thermal performance of wafer-level processed and packaged TMOS and GMOS sensors, where the pressure varies between high vacuum (0.01 Pa) and atmospheric pressure. The present study is based on analytical thermal modeling for gaining physical insight, 3D simulation is performed by ANSYS software, and finally, the measurements of the packaged devices are compared with the modeling and simulations.
User-Directed Loop-Transformations in Clang (2018)

Directives for the compiler such as pragmas can help programmers to separate an algorithm's semantics from its optimization. This keeps the code understandable and easier to optimize for different platforms. Simple transformations such as loop unrolling are already implemented in most mainstream compilers. We recently submitted a proposal to add generalized loop transformations to the OpenMP standard. We are also working on an implementation in LLVM/Clang/Polly to show its feasibility and usefulness. The current prototype allows applying patterns common to matrix-matrix multiplication optimizations.
Formation of Al-Cr-N Coatings by DC Reactive Sputtering (1999)

It is expected that an Al-Cr-N composite nitride film may have a higher resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures than the well-known Ti-Al-N films because both AlN and CrN possess good oxidative resistance. Al-Cr-N films were formed by a dc reactive sputtering process, while the plasma condition being monitored with an optical emission spectroscope and a mass spectrometer. The effect of the sputtering power and applied probe current on the emission intensity and ion current of reacting species in the plasma were investigated by using the monitors. The formed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and auger electron spectroscopy. The results are summarized as follows.(1) AlN+ and CrN+ were observed in the plasma by mass spectroscopy, suggesting that nitrides formed partly in the plasma before depositing on a substrate.(2) The emission intensity of reacting species increases with increasing sputtering power and applied probe current.(3) The atomic ratio of Al/Cr in the Al-Cr-N films is found to be proportional to the ratio of the emission intensities of aluminum and chromium measured by optical emission spectroscopy.(4) The crystal structure of Al-Cr-N films is B1(NaCl) type in the range up to 50 at% of aluminum and B4(Wurtzite) type over 75 at% of aluminum.(5) The distribution of aluminum, chromium and nitrogen is very uniform in the films compared with the film formed by an activated reactive evaporation process.
Wide-stopband chirped fibre moire grating transmissionfilters (1995)

Efficient, wide-stopband fibre transmission filters with single narrow transmission bands produced using multiply exposed chirped fibre grating resonators are reported. Tailored combinations of these structures with additional chirped gratings have achieved single passband transmission with an effective finesse of 48. This demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating all-fibre transmission filters with arbitrary passband/stopband combinations.
Tumor-associated antigens identified by mRNA expression profiling induce protective anti-tumor immunity (2001)

Defined tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are attractive targets for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Here, we describe a novel genome-wide approach to identify multiple TAA from any given tumor. A panel of transplantable thymomas was established from an inbred p53-/- mouse strain. The resulting tumors were examined for gene expression by mRNA microarray scanning. This analysis revealed heterogeneity of the tumors in agreement with the assumption that they represent different tumorigenic events. Several genes were overexpressed in one or more of the tumors. To examine whether overexpressed genes might be used to identify TAA, mice were immunized with mixtures of peptides representing putative cytotoxic T cell epitopes derived from one of the gene products. Indeed, such immunized mice were partially protected against subsequent tumor challenge. Despite being immunized with bona fide self antigens, no clinical signs of autoimmune reactions were observed. Thus, it appears possible to evaluate the entire metabolism of any given tumor and use this information rationally to identify multiple epitopes of value in the generation of tumor-specific immunotherapy. We expect that human tumors express similar tumor-specific metabolic imprints, which may be used to identify patient-specific arrays of TAA. This may enable a multi-epitope based immunotherapy with improved prospects of clinical tumor rejection.
Interactions of mutant and wild-type flap endonucleases with oligonucleotide substrates suggest an alternative model of DNA binding (2002)

Previous structural studies on native T5 5' nuclease, a member of the flap endonuclease family of structure-specific nucleases, demonstrated that this enzyme possesses an unusual helical arch mounted on the enzyme's active site. Based on this structure, the protein's surface charge distribution, and biochemical analyses, a model of DNA binding was proposed in which single-stranded DNA threads through the archway. We investigated the kinetic and substrate-binding characteristics of wild-type and mutant nucleases in relation to the proposed model. Five basic residues R33, K215, K241, R172, and R216, are all implicated in binding branched DNA substrates. All these residues except R172 are involved in binding to duplex DNA carrying a 5' overhang. Replacement of either K215 or R216 with a neutral amino acid did not alter kcat appreciably. However, these mutant nucleases displayed significantly increased values for Kd and Km. A comparison of flap endonuclease binding to pseudoY substrates and duplexes with a single-stranded 5' overhang suggests a better model for 5' nuclease-DNA binding. We propose a major revision to the binding model consistent with these biophysical data.
Loss of circadian clock gene expression is associated with tumor progression in breast cancer (2014)

Several studies suggest a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and tumorigenesis. However, the association between circadian clock genes and prognosis in breast cancer has not been systematically studied. Therefore, we examined the expression of 17 clock components in tumors from 766 node-negative breast cancer patients that were untreated in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. In addition, their association with metastasis-free survival (MFS) and correlation to clinicopathological parameters were investigated. Aiming to estimate functionality of the clockwork, we studied clock gene expression relationships by correlation analysis. Higher expression of several clock genes (e.g., CLOCK, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY2, NPAS2 and RORC) was found to be associated with longer MFS in univariate Cox regression analyses (HR<1 and FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Stratification according to molecular subtype revealed prognostic relevance for PER1, PER3, CRY2 and NFIL3 in the ER+/HER2- subgroup, CLOCK and NPAS2 in the ER-/HER2- subtype, and ARNTL2 in HER2+ breast cancer. In the multivariate Cox model, only PER3 (HR = 0.66; P = 0.016) and RORC (HR = 0.42; P = 0.003) were found to be associated with survival outcome independent of established clinicopathological parameters. Pairwise correlations between functionally-related clock genes (e.g., PER2-PER3 and CRY2-PER3) were stronger in ER+, HER2- and low-grade carcinomas; whereas, weaker correlation coefficients were observed in ER- and HER2+ tumors, high-grade tumors and tumors that progressed to metastatic disease. In conclusion, loss of clock genes is associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer. Coordinated co-expression of clock genes, indicative of a functional circadian clock, is maintained in ER+, HER2-, low grade and non-metastasizing tumors but is compromised in more aggressive carcinomas.
Stereoscopic, Force-Feedback Trainer For Telerobot Operators (1994)

Computer-controlled simulator for training technicians to operate remote robots provides both visual and kinesthetic virtual reality. Used during initial stage of training; saves time and expense, increases operational safety, and prevents damage to robots by inexperienced operators. Computes virtual contact forces and torques of compliant robot in real time, providing operator with feel of forces experienced by manipulator as well as view in any of three modes: single view, two split views, or stereoscopic view. From keyboard, user specifies force-reflection gain and stiffness of manipulator hand for three translational and three rotational axes. System offers two simulated telerobotic tasks: insertion of peg in hole in three dimensions, and removal and insertion of drawer.
Second harmonic generation spectroscopy in the Reststrahl band of SiC using an infrared free-electron laser (2015)

The Reststrahl spectral region of silicon carbide has recently attracted much attention owing to its potential for mid-infrared nanophotonic applications based on surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs). Studies of optical phonon resonances responsible for surface polariton formation, however, have so far been limited to linear optics. In this Letter, we report the first nonlinear optical investigation of the Reststrahl region of SiC, employing an infrared free-electron laser to perform second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy. We observe two distinct resonance features in the SHG spectra, one attributed to resonant enhancement of the nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) and the other due to a resonance in the Fresnel transmission. Our work clearly demonstrates high sensitivity of mid-infrared SHG to phonon-driven phenomena and opens a route to studying nonlinear effects in nanophotonic structures based on SPhPs.
Hfe deficiency increases susceptibility to cardiotoxicity and exacerbates changes in iron metabolism induced by doxorubicin (2003)

The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent, is limited by cardiotoxicity. The possible involvement of iron in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity became evident from studies in which iron chelators were shown to be cardioprotective. Iron overload is found in hereditary hemochromatosis, a genetic disorder prevalent in individuals of European descent. We hypothesized that Hfe deficiency may increase susceptibility to DOX-induced toxicity. Acute cardiotoxicity and iron changes were studied after treatment with DOX in Hfe knock-out (Hfe-/-) mice and wild-type mice. DOX-induced iron metabolism changes were intensified in Hfe-/- mice, which accumulated significantly more iron in the heart, liver, and pancreas, but less in the spleen compared with wild-type mice. In addition, Hfe-deficient mice exhibited significantly greater sensitivity to DOX-induced elevations in serum creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase. Increased mortality after chronic DOX treatment was observed in Hfe-/- mice and Hfe+/-mice compared with wild-type mice. DOX-treated Hfe-/- mice had a higher degree of mitochondrial damage and iron deposits in the heart than did wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that Hfe deficiency in mice increases susceptibility to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and suggest that genetic mutations related to defects in iron metabolism may contribute to its cardiotoxicity in humans.
Temperature-dependent valence band offset and band-gap energies of pseudomorphic GaAsSb on GaAs (2001)

The band-gap (Egp) and valence band offset (ΔEv) energies of pseudomorphic GaAsSb layers on GaAs substrate are determined from temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements on GaAsSb/GaAs and GaAsSb/GaAlAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A clear evidence of staggered type-II band alignment of GaAsSb relative to GaAs and a value of 1.05 for the valence band offset ratio (Qv) are proposed. Finally, through a detailed comparison of these values with those published previously, we have shown that the scatter in Qv found in the literature (&lt;1 to 2.1) is closely dependent on the exact determination of Egp. Particularly, we have shown that the strain dependence of the deformation potential is important in the calculation of the strain energy contribution to Egp.
Spectral Properties of High-Power Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers (2009)

In this paper, spectral data of distributed Bragg reflector lasers emitting around 974 nm and 1084 nm are presented. The devices are fabricated by a single-growth molecular beam epitaxy step, and the gratings are defined by holographic interferometry. Spectral dependencies on the grating and gain section lengths are systematically investigated in the so-called cleaved-back experiments. Experimental data for the side-mode suppression ratio, mode spacing, and group refractive index are given for devices emitting around 974 nm. In addition, the coupling efficiency between the grating and gain section is derived experimentally for devices emitting around 1084 nm.
Specific Detection of <i>Lawsonia intracellularis</i> in Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy Inferred from Fluorescent rRNA In Situ Hybridization (1998)

Fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting 16S ribosomal RNA was used for specific detection of the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis in enterocytes from pigs affected by proliferative enteropathy. A specific oligonucleotide probe was designed and the specificity of the probe was determined by simultaneous comparison with indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of L. intracellularis in formalin-fixed tissue samples from 15 pigs affected by porcine proliferative enteropathy. We used 10 tissue samples from pigs without proliferative mucosal changes as negative controls. The results showed that the oligonucleotide probe is specific for L. intracellularis and that fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting ribosomal RNA is a suitable and fast method for specific detection and histological recognition of L. intracellularis in formalin-fixed tissue.
[A case of left lung cancer associated with an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta]. (1991)

A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a left lung cancer. The chest x-ray film showed an irregular mass in the left upper lung field and the ill-defined left upper mediastinal border. A large portion of the aorta seen in the CT section above the aortic arch was understood to be aortic elongation. When a left pneumonectomy was performed, a saccular aneurysm of the distal aortic arch was found and resected under partial aortic clamping. Following the aneurysmectomy mediastinal dissection was performed in the normal way. The patient recovered uneventfully. The pathological specimens showed a pT2N1M0 squamous cell carcinoma with obstructive pneumonia and an arteriosclerotic aneurysm. There was no report of lung cancer associated with aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. In a patient with left lung cancer obliterating the left upper mediastinal border (the "silhouette sign") the aortic arch should be closely examined by MRI and/or angiography.