gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repair of retinal pigment epithelium and its relationship with capillary endothelium after krypton laser photocoagulation. (1990)

The regeneration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and their relationship with the vascular endothelium were studied during the healing of laser burns produced by krypton laser photocoagulation in rats. During the healing process the epithelial sheet was reformed by a morphologically heterogeneous population of RPE cells, some of which resembled macrophages. There seems to be a correlation between the specific phenotype of the regenerated RPE cell and the state of vitality of the adjacent endothelium. This was particularly evident in the scattered foci of choroidal subretinal neovascularization surrounded by RPE cells. One possible explanation for this apparent correlation is that the cytologic variations of the RPE cells reflect the multiple functions of a single cell which is expressed differently in different situations and in the course of interaction with other cells. This presumed ability of RPE cells may explain an intriguing aspect of cell-cell interaction, namely, the dual stimulatory and inhibitory effects of RPE cells on the vascular endothelium.
Successful Chain Extension of Polyacrylate and Polystyrene Macroinitiators with Methacrylates in an ARGET and ICAR ATRP (2007)

Well-defined block copolymers poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) and polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) were synthesized using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) and initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In order to overcome the poor initiation efficiency of polystyrene and poly(n-butyl acrylate) macroinitiators during chain extension with methacrylates, a small amount of styrene was used as a comonomer in the second block. To determine the percentage of styrene necessary for efficient chain extension, studies with low molecular weight alkyl halide initiators that model the poly(n-butyl acrylate) and polystyrene macroinitiators, respectively, were performed. Extension from the macroinitiators was then conducted using the appropriate methyl methacrylate/styrene comonomer mixture to obtain well-defined block copolymers, for example, starting from poly(n-butyl acrylate) macroinitiator (Mn = 18 000, Mw/Mn = 1.12), a poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) (Mn = 39 100, Mw/Mn = 1.23) was obtained. Without styrene, a block copolymer with a bimodal molecular weight distribution was formed: poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate): Mn = 36 400, Mw/Mn = 1.70). Computational simulations also indicated that the improved initiation efficiency was due to higher concentration of CuI species caused by lower KATRP of polystyrene chain ends.
<title>Waveguiding characteristics in polyimide films with different chemistry of formation</title> (1991)

We have compared the optical loss characteristics of polyimide waveguides derived from three different polyimide samples. We observed significant differences in the waveguiding characteristics (at 0. 8 Rm) of these samples. The photosensitive preimidized samples exhibited the best waveguiding characteristics with losses below the detection limit (0. 5 dB/cm) in some instances. Various processing conditions such as the curing affected all three samples but to a different extent. The photosensitive polyamic acid ester based samples exhibited the maximum sensitivity to the curing temperature and the heating rate. Optical losses in the preimidized photosensitive polyimide films remained low (less than 1. 0 dB/cm) even after a 350 C baking step.
Growth-factor-dependent phosphorylation of Bim in mitosis (2005)

The regulation of survival and cell death is a key determinant of cell fate. Recent evidence shows that survival and death machineries are regulated along the cell cycle. In the present paper, we show that BimEL [a BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins; Bim is Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death; EL is the extra-long form] is phosphorylated in mitosis. This post-translational modification is dependent on MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase kinase) and growth factor signalling. Interestingly, FGF (fibroblast growth factor) signalling seems to play an essential role in this process, since, in the presence of serum, inhibition of FGF receptors abrogated phosphorylation of Bim in mitosis. Moreover, we have shown bFGF (basic FGF) to be sufficient to induce phosphorylation of Bim in serum-free conditions in any phase of the cell cycle, and also to significantly rescue cells from serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Our results show that, in mitosis, Bim is phosphorylated downstream of growth factor signalling in a MEK-dependent manner, with FGF signalling playing an important role. We suggest that phosphorylation of Bim is a decisive step for the survival of proliferating cells.
Dealing with Inherent Variability: The Difference Between Manufacturing and Service? (1987)

The debate about whether any difference exists between manufacturing and service operations is discussed. There is no difference per se between the two types of operation and that debate about differences between them is spurious. There are significant differences between operating systems which process materials and those which deal directly with customers. These differences are sufficient to require different treatment for material processing operations and customer processing operations. The similarities and differences between the two types of system are demonstrated, and strategies for managing customer processing operations are outlined. If an appropriate strategy is adopted, customer processing operations are very similar to material processing operations, but other strategies exist which make customer processing operations very different from material processing operations.
Microprocessor Based Sinusoidal PWM Inverter by DMA Transfer (1982)

The implementation of three-phase sinusoidal pulse-width-modulated inverter control strategy using microprocessor is discussed in this paper. To save CPU time, the DMA technique is used for transferring the switching pattern from memory to the pulse amplifier and isolation circuits of individual thyristors in the inverter bridge. The method of controlling both voltage and frequency is discussed here.
Despite efficient intrathymic negative selection of host-reactive T cells, autoimmune disease may develop in porcine thymus-grafted athymic mice: evidence for failure of regulatory mechanisms suppressing autoimmunity1 (2003)

These results demonstrate a key role for mouse CD4+ T cells in causing autoimmune disease in this model and suggest the importance of regulatory mechanisms in addition to intrathymic clonal deletion for the maintenance of tolerance to recipient antigens.
RahasNym: Pseudonymous Identity Management System for Protecting against Linkability (2016)

Unlinkability and accountability are conflicting yet critical requirements that need to be addressed in order to preserve users' privacy as well as to protect service providers in today identity ecosystems. In this paper we present a pseudonymous identity management system in which users can carry out unlinkable on-line transactions without having to disclose their actual identity information in plain text to the service providers. At the same time, the service providers have strong assurance about the authenticity of the transactions. In our approach, users' identity is cryptographically encoded in pseudonymous identity tokens. % issued by trusted identity providers. Our system includes a lightweight policy language which enables users and service providers to express their requirements pertaining to pseudonymous identity verification and a suite of protocols based on zero-knowledge-proofs which enables the fulfillment of these requirements. We have implemented a prototype of the proposed system and carried out a security and performance analysis.
5-fluorouracil modulation of dihydrofolate reductase RNA levels in methotrexate-resistant KB cells. (1983)

Cytotoxicity and growth inhibition by 5-fluorouracil in methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase gene-amplified KB cells in the presence of 30 microM thymidine correlates with incorporation of this fluorinated pyrimidine into RNA. Growth of these cells over several generations in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of 5-fluorouracil does not depress the steady state levels of either 18 or 28 S RNA but actually causes an increase. Similarly the rates of RNA and protein synthesis in 5-fluorouracil-treated cells are not decreased. The level of dihydrofolate reductase RNA from 5-fluorouracil-treated cells increases in a dose-dependent manner correlated with 5-fluorouracil incorporation into RNA. The qualitative size distribution of the dihydrofolate reductase RNA species is unaffected when examined by the Northern blotting technique indicating an RNA processing lesion is not induced by 5-fluorouracil incorporation into RNA. As the dose of dihydrofolate reductase RNA increases, there is no change in the level of dihydrofolate reductase specific activity, but the level of enzyme activity per cell increases. The relevance of these phenomena to the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil effect on RNA and relevance to combination chemotherapy with methotrexate are discussed.
Hierarchical micro/nano structures for super-hydrophobic surfaces and super-lyophobic surface against liquid metal (2014)

Non-wetting super-hydrophobic or super-lyophobic surfaces are of great interest in a variety of applications. Natural water repelling surfaces show micro-/nano- combined hierarchical structure which shows extremely low wettability and self-cleaning characteristics. Inspired by such natural wonders, there have been tremendous efforts to create artificial non-wetting super-hydrophobic or super-lyophobic surfaces. In this paper, recent progress in artificial super-hydrophobic surfaces based on hierarchical micro-/nano- dual-scale structure is reviewed. In addition, application of hierarchical micro-/nano- dual-scale structure as super-lyophobic surfaces against gallium-based liquid metal alloy is also reviewed.
Rho-family GTPases: it's not only Rac and Rho (and I like it) (2004)

The Rho-family proteins make up a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. To date, 22 human genes encoding at least 25 proteins have been described. The best known 'classical' members are RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. Highly related isoforms of these three proteins have not been studied as intensively, in part because it has been assumed that they are functionally identical to their better-studied counterparts. This now appears not to be the case. Variations in C-terminal-signaled modifications and subcellular targeting cause otherwise highly biochemically related isoforms (e.g. RhoA, RhoB and RhoC) to exhibit surprisingly divergent biological activities. Whereas the classical Rho GTPases are regulated by GDP/GTP cycling, other Rho GTPases are also regulated by other mechanisms, particularly by transcriptional regulation. Newer members of the family possess additional sequence elements beyond the GTPase domain, which suggests they exhibit yet other mechanisms of regulation.
Molecular Diagnosis of Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Patients with Genital Ulcer Disease (2005)

The detection of herpes, chancroid, and syphilis in genital ulcers is done by PCR. This is not so for lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). We report on the use of a PCR with digestion that differentiates the LGV biovar from the trachoma biovar. Our findings suggest that the clinical description of LGV in current textbooks is incomplete.
High-performance condenser microphone with fully integrated CMOS amplifier and DC-DC voltage converter (1998)

The development of a capacitive microphone with an integrated detection circuit is described. The condenser microphone is made by micromachining of polyimide on silicon. Therefore, the structure can be realized by postprocessing on substrates containing integrated circuits (IC's), independently of the IC process, integrated microphones with excellent performances have been realized on a CMOS substrate containing dc-dc voltage converters and preamplifiers. The measured sensitivity of the integrated condenser microphone was 10 mV/Pa, and the equivalent noise level (ENL) was 27 dB(A) re. 20 /spl mu/Pa for a power supply voltage of 1.9 V, which was measured with no bias voltage applied to the microphone. Furthermore, a back chamber of infinite volume was used in all reported measurements and simulations.
Post-liberation cleavage of signal peptides is catalyzed by the site-2 protease (S2P) in bacteria (2011)

A signal peptide (SP) is cleaved off from presecretory proteins by signal peptidase during or immediately after insertion into the membrane. In metazoan cells, the cleaved SP then receives proteolysis by signal peptide peptidase, an intramembrane-cleaving protease (I-CLiP). However, bacteria lack any signal peptide peptidase member I-CLiP, and little is known about the metabolic fate of bacterial SPs. Here we show that Escherichia coli RseP, an site-2 protease (S2P) family I-CLiP, introduces a cleavage into SPs after their signal peptidase-mediated liberation from preproteins. A Bacillus subtilis S2P protease, RasP, is also shown to be involved in SP cleavage. These results uncover a physiological role of bacterial S2P proteases and update the basic knowledge about the fate of signal peptides in bacterial cells.
Self-Cohering an Airborne e Radio Camera (1983)

By distributing antenna elements or small subarrays throughout the skin of an aircraft, a large portion of the airframe can act as an electromagnetic transducer. The basic problem associated with such a design is that uncertainties in element locations due to the nonrigidness of the airframe induce phase errors. Self-cohering techniques are required to compensate for those errors. Four such techniques are presented here.
Reduction with zinc of triple bonds to<i>cis</i> double bonds in long chain conjugated fatty acids (1972)

Abstract The methyl ester of santalbic acid ( trans ‐11‐octadecen‐9‐ynoic acid) was hydrogenated with powdered zinc in 50% propanol to yield 90% of the cis , trans ‐diene ester; similarly, 7,9‐octadecadiynoic methyl ester was converted to cis , cis ‐diene ester but yields were no better than 75%.
Effective Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts with a Conditionally Replicating Virus Derived from Type 2 Herpes Simplex Virus (2006)

FusOn-H2 has potent activity against human pancreatic cancer xenografts and may be a promising candidate for investigative virotherapy of this malignancy.
Structure, Function, Expression, Genomic Organization, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Human ABCB1 (MDR1), ABCC (MRP), and ABCG2 (BCRP) Efflux Transporters (2006)

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large family of membrane proteins, which transport a variety of compounds through the membrane against a concentration gradient at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. Substrates of the ABC transporters include lipids, bile acids, xenobiotics, and peptides for antigen presentation. As they transport exogenous and endogenous compounds, they reduce the body load of potentially harmful substances. One by-product of such protective function is that they also eliminate various useful drugs from the body, causing drug resistance. This review is a brief summary of the structure, function, and expression of the important drug resistance-conferring members belonging to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these are ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. In the text, the transporter symbol that carries the subfamily name (such as ABCB1, ABCC1, etc.) is used interchangeably with the corresponding original names, such as MDR1P-glycoprotein, MRP1, etc., respectively. Both nomenclatures are maintained in the text because both are still used in the transporter literature. This helps readers relate various names that they encounter in the literature. It now appears that P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP can explain the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in all cell lines analyzed thus far. Also discussed are the gene structure, regulation of expression, and various polymorphisms in these genes. Because genetic polymorphism is thought to underlie interindividual differences, including their response to drugs and other xenobiotics, the importance of polymorphism in these genes is also discussed.
Substituted ω-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5-pyrimidinyl) alkanoic acids, their derivatives and analogues (1983)

Condensation of guanidine with diethyl 2-formylbutanedioate ( XI ), diethyl 2-cyanobutanedioate ( XII ), diethyl 2-cyanoheptanedioate ( XIII ), ethyl 6,6-dicyanohexanoate ( XIV ), or diethyl 6,6-dicyanoundecanedioate ( XV ), followed by hydrolysis of the esters formed, afforded the respective substituted ω-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)alkanoic acids ( II, V, VI, IX and X ). Analogously, condensation of the ester XIII with urea or thiourea gave acids VII and VIII . The acid II was converted into its ethyl and butyl ester ( III and IV , respectively). The compounds prepared showed no significant antineoplastic effects in mice with experimental tumours.
Computer-integrated manufacturing information system for VCR testing (1991)

An information system, in the form of a local area network (LAN), was designed for a video cassette recorder (VCR) manufacturing environment. This system uses the Ethernet approach, with hardware components satisfying IEEE Standard 802.3. The database component can produce reports, graphs and statistical quality control charts. The network communications component allows message sending, screen capture and remote control of test computers. This system provides management with meaningful information in various forms. In addition, it aids VCR boards troubleshooting by making all board measurements available.
Lactoferrin regulates proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte reaction. (2001)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lactoferrin (LF) on the proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and alloantigens in a two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The proliferative responses were measured by MTT colorimetric assay and presented as a proliferation index (PI) or as changes in PI caused by LF relative to PHA or MLR controls. We found that the effects of LF in both experimental models were differential and dependent on an individual PBMC reactivity, mitogen or alloantigen and LF concentration. Generally, lymphocytes from donors responsive to LF exhibited higher proliferation indices to PHA when compared with non-responsive individuals. Lactoferrin at low doses showed regulatory effects, whereas at higher doses the proliferation was significantly reduced. Mixed lymphocyte reaction was generally inhibited by LF. The results suggest that the differential action of LF might be due to its ability to sense the activation status of lymphocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Carbonyl Compounds (2011)

Abstract Review: 168 refs.
Creating melodies with evolving recurrent neural networks (2002)

Music composition is a domain well-suited for evolutionary reinforcement learning. Instead of applying explicit composition rules, a neural network is used to generate melodies. An evolutionary algorithm is used to find a neural network that maximizes the chance of generating good melodies. Composition rules on tonality and rhythm are used as a fitness function for the evolution. We observe that the model learns to generate melodies according to these rules with interesting variations.
Towards PaaS using service-oriented component model (2010)

PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service) which provides execution environment for applications deployed in cloud is a key technology of cloud computing. However, to meet various requirements of different users on software platform under changing application environment, it's crucial to design and develop extensible, customizable and dynamic PaaS systems. In this paper, we analyze the software requirements of PaaS. Then a PaaS system architecture using R-OSGi as software foundation is designed. Finally, the presented approach is validated by a case study involving a web-based application E-bookstore.
Diagnosis and therapy of ascites in liver cirrhosis (2011)

Ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish noncirrhotic from cirrhotic causes of ascites to guide therapy in patients with noncirrhotic ascites. Mild to moderate ascites is treated by salt restriction and diuretic therapy. The diuretic of choice is spironolactone. A combination treatment with furosemide might be necessary in patients who do not respond to spironolactone alone. Tense ascites is treated by paracentesis, followed by albumin infusion and diuretic therapy. Treatment options for refractory ascites include repeated paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement in patients with a preserved liver function. Potential complications of ascites are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). SBP is diagnosed by an ascitic neutrophil count > 250 cells/mm(3) and is treated with antibiotics. Patients who survive a first episode of SBP or with a low protein concentration in the ascitic fluid require an antibiotic prophylaxis. The prognosis of untreated HRS type 1 is grave. Treatment consists of a combination of terlipressin and albumin. Hemodialysis might serve in selected patients as a bridging therapy to liver transplantation. Liver transplantation should be considered in all patients with ascites and liver cirrhosis.
Measurement of Lung Volume by Sulfur Hexafluoride Washout during Spontaneous and Controlled Ventilation (1987)

An open circuit tracer gas washout method for measurement of lung volume in patients during anesthesia and intensive care is described and tested. The method employs a device for dispensing the tracer gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a fast SF6 analyzer, a pneumotachograph, and a computer. The dispensing device delivers SF6 into the airway in proportion to instantaneous inspiratory flow so that inspiratory SF6 concentration is held constant, usually at about 0.5%, regardless of the inspiratory flow pattern. The amount of SF6 present in the lungs at the end of a washin is calculated during washout from signals representing expired SF6 concentration and expired flow. From this, lung volume is derived. Accurate and reproducible results were obtained in lung model tests during ventilation with air, N2O in O2, and halothane in O2. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured both with SF6 washout and nitrogen washout in five mechanically ventilated patients. This gave the regression equation: FRCSF6 = 10 ml + 1.04 x FRCN2, r = 0.99. A similar close agreement was observed for total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) measurements in eight healthy, spontaneously breathing subjects: TLCSF6 = 91 ml + 1.01 x TLCN2, r = 0.99; RVSF6 = -32 ml + 0.97 x RVN2, r = 0.95. Comparison with body plethysmography in eight healthy, sitting subjects gave the regression equation: FRCSF6 = 180 ml + 0.96 x FRCbox, r = 0.99. The median (range) for the coefficient of variation at duplicate determinations in 10 anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated adults was 3.0% (0.2-6.6%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)