gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permeation of Antimicrobial Agents through <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms: A Simple Method (1997)

In this study, we evaluated the permeation of piperacillin (PIPC), imipenem (IPM), amikacin (AKM), gentamicin (GM), ofloxacin (OFLX), levofloxacin (LVFX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and sparfloxacin (SPFX) through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with a simple new method. Bacteria used were a leucine-requiring mucoid mutant. Bacteria were grown on the membrane of a cell culture insert in chemically defined medium and incubated at 37 degrees C for 5 days. At days 0, 1, 3 and 5, the penetration rates through the biofilms were measured. PIPC and IPM demonstrated relatively high permeation both with penetration rates at day 5 of 50%, whereas AMK and GM, which are aminoglycosides, showed low permeation both with penetration rates after day 1 of less than 25%. Among the 4 fluoroquinolones, LVFX and SPFX demonstrated excellent permeation with penetration rates that reached 100% from day 0 to 5, while OFLX and CPFX showed almost the same permeation as IPM. This method of measuring penetration rates of antimicrobial agents through biofilm is very simple and useful for the evaluation of antibiotics against biofilm-forming bacteria.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Expression of the Soluble Form of the Family IIIa Cellulose Binding Domain from the Cellulosomal Scaffolding Protein of <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> (2005)

The planar and anchoring residues of the family IIIa cellulose binding domain (CBD) from the cellulosomal scaffolding protein of Clostridium cellulovorans were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and cellulose binding studies. By fusion with maltose binding protein, the family IIIa recombinant wild-type and mutant CBDs from C. cellulovorans were expressed as soluble forms. Cellulose binding tests of the mutant CBDs indicated that the planar strip residues played a major role in cellulose binding and that the anchoring residues played only a minor role.
Compounds Derived from 3-Halo-1,1,1-trifluoropropane<sup>1,2</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds Derived from 3-Halo-1,1,1-trifluoropropane1,2E. T. McBee, Alec E. Kelley, and Edward RapkinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 11, 5071–5073Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01167a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01167a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Xylogranin B: A Potent Wnt Signal Inhibitory Limonoid from <i>Xylocarpus granatum</i> (2013)

Xylogranin B (2) was isolated from Xylocarpus granatum (Meliaceae) leaves, by use of a cell-based luciferase screening system targeting a Wnt signaling pathway. Compound 2 inhibited TCF/β-catenin transcriptional activity (IC50 48.9 nM) and exhibited strong cytotoxicity against colon cancer cell lines. Compound 2 significantly decreased β-catenin protein levels in nuclei but not in the cytosol. These results indicated that a decrease in β-catenin levels in nuclei by 2 resulted in the Wnt signal inhibitory effects of 2.
<scp>l</scp> -Arginine Modifies the Exopolysaccharide Matrix and Thwarts Streptococcus mutans Outgrowth within Mixed-Species Oral Biofilms (2016)

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases worldwide, caused by a biofilm formed on tooth surfaces. Novel strategies that compromise the ability of virulent species to assemble and maintain pathogenic biofilms could be an effective alternative to conventional antimicrobials that indiscriminately kill other oral species, including commensal bacteria. l-Arginine at 1.5% has been shown to be clinically effective in modulating cariogenic biofilms via alkali production by arginolytic bacteria. Using a mixed-species ecological model, we show new mechanisms by which l-arginine disrupts the process of biofilm matrix assembly and the dynamic microbial interactions that are associated with cariogenic biofilm development, without impacting the bacterial viability. These results may aid in the development of enhanced methods to control biofilms using l-arginine.
Quantum addition circuits and unbounded fan-out (2010)

We first show how to construct an $O(n)$-depth $O(n)$-size quantum circuit for addition of two $n$-bit binary numbers with no ancillary qubits. The exact size is $7n-6$, which is smaller than that of any other quantum circuit ever constructed for addition with no ancillary qubits. Using the circuit, we then propose a method for constructing an $O(d(n))$-depth $O(n)$-size quantum circuit for addition with $O(n/d(n))$ ancillary qubits for any $d(n) = \Omega(\log n)$. If we are allowed to use unbounded fan-out gates with length $O(n^{\varepsilon})$ for an arbitrary small positive constant $\varepsilon$, we can modify the method and construct an $O(e(n))$-depth $O(n)$-size circuit with $o(n)$ ancillary qubits for any $e(n) = \Omega(\log^* n)$. In particular, these methods yield efficient circuits with depth $O(\log n)$ and with depth $O(\log^* n)$, respectively. We apply our circuits to constructing efficient quantum circuits for Shor's discrete logarithm algorithm.
A modern Bayesian look at the multi‐armed bandit (2010)

Abstract A multi‐armed bandit is an experiment with the goal of accumulating rewards from a payoff distribution with unknown parameters that are to be learned sequentially. This article describes a heuristic for managing multi‐armed bandits called randomized probability matching , which randomly allocates observations to arms according the Bayesian posterior probability that each arm is optimal. Advances in Bayesian computation have made randomized probability matching easy to apply to virtually any payoff distribution. This flexibility frees the experimenter to work with payoff distributions that correspond to certain classical experimental designs that have the potential to outperform methods that are ‘optimal’ in simpler contexts. I summarize the relationships between randomized probability matching and several related heuristics that have been used in the reinforcement learning literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical studies of polymorphism of glutathione (1969)

グルタミン酸,システイン,グリシンの三つのアミノ酸のトリペプチドである還元型グルタチオン(以下GSHと略記)には,水に対する溶解度が異なる2種の結晶がある.すなわち,溶解度が25℃において約14.2%の結晶(以下α形と略記)と,約4.6%の結晶(以下β形と略記)とである.これら2種の結晶について機器分析を中心に追求した結果,両結晶は二形であることがわかった.しかも,固体状態でα形は,グリシン部分C末端のカルボキシル基で2量体の形を,また,β形では,少なくとも2量体を形成していないものと推察される.
Antiadhesive effects of xylitol on otopathogenic bacteria (1998)

The exposure of either epithelial cells or pneumococci or both to 5% xylitol reduced the adherence of pneumococci. Exposure of epithelial cells or bacteria alone to xylitol did not reduce the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae, although the exposure of both cells and bacteria to xylitol reduced the adherence significantly. The adherence of Moraxella catarrhalis remained low irrespective of the exposure.
High‐throughput direct‐infusion ion trap mass spectrometry: a new method for metabolomics (2007)

A fast method was developed to directly infuse raw plant extracts into a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, using the ion trap to isolate and fragment as many ions as possible from the extract. The full mass spectra can be analysed by multivariate statistics to determine discriminating ions, and the fragmentation data allows rapid classification or identification of these ions. The methodology was used to screen a wide range of strains of endophytic fungi in perennial ryegrass seeds for differences in metabolic profiles. The results show that this newly developed methodology is able to determine discriminating ions that can be present in very low concentrations. It also yielded sufficient fragmentation data to classify or identify the discriminating ions.
The Molecular Basis of Infection and Nodulation by Rhizobia: The Ins and Outs of Sympathogenesis (1995)

Bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium, collectively known as rhizobia, penetrate the roots (or adventitious roots) of their leguminous host plants via tubular structures, the infection threads. During infection of the host plant they trigger the formation of a new organ, the root nodule, in which a differentiated form of rhizobia, the bacteroid, fixes nitrogen into ammonia, which can then be used by the plant. This review presents an update of the recent literature on the molecular biology of the infection and nodulation of plants by rhizobia, with special emphasis on results pertinent to other plant-microbe interactions. Particular attention is given to determinants of host specificity such as flavonoid and lipo-chitin oligosaccharide signal molecules.
Precise Analysis of String Expressions (2003)

We perform static analysis of Java programs to answer a simple question: which values may occur as results of string expressions? The answers are summarized for each expression by a regular language that is guaranteed to contain all possible values. We present several applications of this analysis, including statically checking the syntax of dynamically generated expressions, such as SQL queries. Our analysis constructs flow graphs from class files and generates a context-free grammar with a nonterminal for each string expression. The language of this grammar is then widened into a regular language through a variant of an algorithm previously used for speech recognition. The collection of resulting regular languages is compactly represented as a special kind of multi-level automaton from which individual answers may be extracted. If a program error is detected, examples of invalid strings are automatically produced. We present extensive benchmarks demonstrating that the analysis is efficient and produces results of useful precision.
Evaluation of Acridine in Nafion as a Fluorescence-Lifetime-Based pH Sensor (2003)

We report a novel fluorescence-lifetime-based pH sensing method that utilizes acridine incorporated into Nafion (AcNaf) as the fluorescent indicator. The AcNaf sensor is excited using a 380 nm light emitting diode (LED) and the fluorescence lifetimes are measured at 450 and 500 nm. The fluorescence behavior of acridine as a function of pH in aqueous phosphate buffers and incorporated into the Nafion membrane has been investigated. The results show that incorporating acridine into Nafion changes the apparent ground-state pKa from -5.45 to -9, while the apparent excited-state pKa* is only slightly changed (approximately 9.4 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer). The AcNaf film shows a good pH response with a change in average lifetime of approximately 19 ns (at an emission wavelength of 450 nm) over the pH 8 to 10 range. We also show that excited-state protonation does not occur in the AcNaf sensor film and that chloride quenching cannot occur because of the permselective nature of Nafion. We also discuss how the unique structure of Nafion affects the fluorescence behavior of acridine at various pH values and examine the impact of buffer concentration on apparent pKa and pH sensing ability.
Development of Reduced-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems (1999)

AlliedSignal has been developing high-performance, portable SOFC power systems operating on a variety of fuels (including logistic fuels such as JP and diesel). The two key components of the system are a reduced-temperature SOFC module for electric power generation and a partial oxidation reformer for hydrocarbon fuel processing. The SOFC module is based on cells having micrometer-thick electrolytes made by tape calendering and thin-foil metallic interconnects. The fuel processor employs the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with air to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The system has many attractive features for portable uses including lightweight, low volume, and multifuel capability. This paper discusses the development status of this system with emphasis on the design, the SOFC module, and the fuel processor.
Temperature control of CMOS micromachined sensors (2003)

In this paper, we describe a methodology for temperature stabilization of CMOS micromachined sensors. Temperature stabilization of a z-axis accelerometer, fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m Agilent CMOS process is demonstrated. The accelerometer motion is sensed by a vertical comb drive designed by controlling the rotor and stator curvature. The polysilicon layer of the CMOS process has been utilized for heating the device structure to a constant temperature, that is higher than the maximum ambient operating temperature. The capacitance detection circuits have temperature independent gain. The D.C. bias stability of the accelerometer improved from 1.9 G//spl deg/C, to 42 mG//spl deg/C, and the sensitivity stability improved from 60% to 18% over a temperature of 70/spl deg/C after temperature control.
Maximizing the Value of Sponsorships (1993)

During an era in which corporate investment in traditional forms of mass communications has stagnated, spending on sponsorships continues to grow at the same dizzying pace as it did during the 1980s. In that decade, the growth in sponsorships spending on traditional media by 2-to-1, according to the International Events Group, Inc., in Chicago. North American companies will spend $3.7 billion this year on sponsorships--a 17% increase over the 1992 total of $3.2 billion, according to IEG. Now, a drive to maximize the value of sponsorships is catching up with the spending explosion. In the early 1980s, many corporate and firm practitioners were reluctant to acknowledge any significant value in sponsorships. But these attitudes changed dramatically, as any peek at the ubiquitous corporate logos on display at major sporting or cultural events today confirms. When I headed my company's corporate events and sponsorships group during a six-year period in the mid-'80s, we developed a series of questions to ask ourselves when evaluating the thousands of sponsorship proposals we received. We also developed checklists to help us get the most out of our sponsorship dollars, and to do post-event evaluation. Following are some of the key points that may help guide you in refining your own criteria. This mindset is useful for corporate and communications professionals considering sponsorships, and for those involved in pitching sponsorships to prospects. John M. Barr is director of communications resources, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY. This article is based on a presentation to PRSA's Rochester Chapter. SELECTION CRITERIA * Can the company afford to fulfill the obligation? The sponsorship fee is just the starting point. Count on doubling it to give yourself an adequate total event budget. * Is the event or organization compatible with the company's values and mission statement? * Does the event reach our target audience? * Is there enough time before the event to maximize our use of the sponsorship? * Are the event organizers experienced and professional? * Is the event newsworthy enough to provide us with opportunities for publicity? * Will the event be televised? * Will the sales force support the event and use it to leverage sales? * Does the event give us the chance to develop new contacts and develop new business opportunities? * Can we live with this event on a long-term basis while its value builds? * Is there an opportunity for employee involvement? Corporate sponsorships can promote employee goodwill and teamwork. Employee involvement can also contribute to the success of the event. * Is the event compatible with the personality of our products? * Can we shrink the cash outlay for the company and enhance the marketing appeal of the event by trading off products and in-kind services? …
Enhanced Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes Through Myeloid-Epithelial-Reproductive Tyrosine Kinase Links Acute Inflammation Resolution to Cardiac Repair After Infarction (2013)

These data collectively and directly link efferocytosis to wound healing in the heart and identify Mertk as a significant link between acute inflammation resolution and organ function.
A Remote Line Concentrator for a Time-Separation Switching Experiment (1960)

Remote line concentration, time-separation switching and PCM transmission are combined in a communication system experiment called ESSEX (Experimental Solid State Exchange). Organization and design details of the remote line concentrator used in the research model are presented and discussed.
Quittungen für ἀναβολιϰόν (1982)

Ganz im Gegensatz zur normalen Praxis sind die zehn Zeilen dieser Quittungen quer zu den Fasern auf der Seite des Papyrus geschrieben worden, die man wohl als das Verso anzusehen hat, während die Rückseite, also wohl das Recto, unbeschrieben geblieben ist. Es besteht allerdings eine gewisse Unsicherheit in der Bezeichnung der Seiten, da nirgends eine Klebung erhalten ist. Die vermutliche Rectoseite hat darüber hinaus ein ungewöhnliches Aussehen, insofern nämlich, als am rechten Rande (von der Schriftseite her gesehen also am linken) in ca. 3,5 cm Breite über die waagerechten Fasern eine Schicht senkrechter Fasern geklebt ist; der Papyrus besteht hier daher aus drei Schichten. Auf der Schriftseite hat das Blatt in diesem Teil eine leicht verschiedene Farbtönung, ist stärker als der Rest zerstört und enthält keine Tintenspuren, vielmehr beginnt die Schrift erst rund 5,5 cm vom linken Rand entfernt nach einem besonders löchrigen Streifen. Man könnte daher den Verdacht haben, dieses 5,5 cm breite Stück gehöre gar nicht zu dem Papyrusblatt, das mithin an der (auf der Schriftseite) linken Kante unvollständig wäre, sondern sei vom Konservator nur versehentlich hierher plaziert worden. Dagegen sprechen aber sowohl einige durchlaufende waagerechte Fasern, die eine feste Verbindung herstellen, als auch der Textzusammenhang zwischen Z. 4 und 5, der durch die Parallelen in den Zeilen 8 und 10 gesichert ist. Daraus folgt, daß die Quittungen praktisch komplett sind.
A numerical investigation of head waves and leaky modes in fluid-filled boreholes (1986)

Abstract Although synthetic borehole seismograms can be computed for a wide range of borehole conditions, the physical nature of shear and compressional head waves in fluid-filled boreholes is poorly understood. This paper presents a series of numerical experiments designed to explain the physical mechanisms controlling head-wave propagation in boreholes. These calculations demonstrate the existence of compressional normal modes equivalent to shear normal modes, or pseudo-Rayleigh waves, with sequential cutoff frequencies spaced between the cutoff frequencies for the shear normal modes. Major contributions to head-wave spectra occur in discrete peaks at frequencies just below mode cutoff for both compressional and shear modes. This result is confirmed by calculations with synthetic waveforms at frequencies corresponding to mode cutoff, and by branch-cut integrals designed to yield independent spectra for the compressional mode. For soft formations where shear velocity falls below acoustic velocity in the borehole fluid, leaky compressional normal modes attain properties similar to those of shear normal modes in the case of hard rock. In the limit of vanishing S-wave velocity, this result is formally related to a fluid-fluid waveguide with undamped compressional normal modes. Synthetic waveforms demonstrate that high-amplitude arrivals, traveling at velocities less than the acoustic velocity of the borehole fluid and at frequencies above a few kilohertz, represent the Airy phase of the compressional mode and are not a tube wave. Comparison of synthetic waveforms with waveforms obtained in soft sea sediments indicates that the predicted Airy phase arrivals are present in the experimental data.
Gestures vs. Postures: ‘Gestural’ Touch Interaction in 3D Environments (2013)

International audience
Temporal Evolution of Pleural Fibrosis Induced by Intrapleural Minocycline Injection (1995)

Abstract Minocycline is as effective as tetracycline in inducing pleural fibrosis, but the long-term pleural changes induced by minocycline are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate in rabbits the evolution of the pleural changes induced by the intrapleural instillation of minocycline. Under light anesthesia, minocycline at 10 mg/kg in a total volume of 2 ml of bacteriostatic saline solution was injected into the right pleural space of 25 male rabbits. The animals were sacrificed in groups of five at 15 d and 1, 2, 4, and 6 mo. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the pleura were performed for evidence of pleural fibrosis and inflammation. Similarly, the underlying lung was also examined for microscopic alveolar fibrosis and inflammation. During the 6-mo observation period there was no significant change in the degree of pleural fibrosis. In contrast, microscopic pleural inflammation, alveolar fibrosis, and alveolar inflammation all decreased significantly over the observation period. In conclusion, intrapleural minocycline injection results in persistent pleural fibrosis at 6 mo. It remains to be determined whether the pleural fibrosis will persist beyond this period.
Chaos Image Encryption using Pixel shuffling (2012)

Abstract: The advent of wireless communications, both inside and outside the home-office environment has led to an increased demand for effective encryption systems. The beauty of encryption technology comes out in more pronounced way when there is no absolute relation between cipher and original data and it is possible to rebuild the original image in much easier way. As
Following the electroreduction of uranium dioxide to uranium in LiCl–KCl eutectic in situ using synchrotron radiation (2015)

The electrochemical reduction of uranium dioxide to metallic uranium has been investigated in lithium chloride–potassium chloride eutectic molten salt. Laboratory based electrochemical studies have been coupled with in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, for the first time, to deduce the reduction pathway. No intermediate phases were identified using the X-ray diffraction before, during or after electroreduction to form α-uranium. This suggests that the electrochemical reduction occurs via a single, 4-electron-step, process. The rate of formation of α-uranium is seen to decrease during electrolysis and could be a result of a build-up of oxygen anions in the molten salt. Slow transport of O2− ions away from the UO2 working electrode could impede the electrochemical reduction.