gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magneto-ballistic transport in GaN nanowires (2016)

The ballistic filtering property of nanoscale crosses was used to investigate the effect of perpendicular magnetic fields on the ballistic transport of electrons on wide band-gap GaN heterostructures. The straight scattering-less trajectory of electrons was modified by a perpendicular magnetic field which produced a strong non-linear behavior in the measured output voltage of the ballistic filters and allowed the observation of semi-classical and quantum effects, such as quenching of the Hall resistance and manifestation of the last plateau, in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. A large measured phase coherence length of 190 nm allowed the observation of universal quantum fluctuations and weak localization of electrons due to quantum interference up to ∼25 K. This work also reveals the prospect of wide band-gap GaN semiconductors as a platform for basic transport and quantum studies, whose properties allow the investigation of ballistic transport and quantum phenomena at much larger voltages and temperatures than in other semiconductors.
Microfibril‐associated glycoprotein‐1 binding to tropoelastin (2004)

Microfibrils and elastin are major constituents of elastic fibers, the assembly of which is dictated by multimolecular interactions. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1) is a microfibrillar component that interacts with the soluble elastin precursor, tropoelastin. We describe here the adaptation of a solid-phase binding assay that defines the effect of divalent cations on the interactions between MAGP-1 and tropoelastin. Using this assay, a strong calcium-dependent interaction was demonstrated, with a dissociation constant of 2.8 +/- 0.3 nm, which fits a single-site binding model. Manganese and magnesium bestowed a weaker association, and copper did not facilitate the protein interactions. Three constructs spanning tropoelastin were used to quantify their relative contributions to calcium-dependent MAGP-1 binding. Binding to a construct spanning a region from the N-terminus to domain 18 followed a single-site binding model with a dissociation constant of 12.0 +/- 2.2 nm, which contrasted with the complex binding behavior observed for fragments spanning domains 17-27 and domain 27 to the C-terminus. To further elucidate binding sites around the kallikrein cleavage site of domains 25/26, MAGP-1 was presented with constructs containing C-terminal deletions within the region. Construct M1659, which spans a region from the N-terminus of tropoelastin to domain 26, inclusive, bound MAGP-1 with a dissociation constant of 9.7 +/- 2.0 nm, which decreased to 4.9 +/- 1.0 nm following the removal of domain 26 (M155n), thus displaying only half the total capacity to bind MAGP-1. These results demonstrate that MAGP-1 is capable of cumulative binding to distinct regions on tropoelastin, with different apparent dissociation constants and different amounts of bound protein.
Fast prototyping using a dry film photoresist: microfabrication of soft-lithography masters for microfluidic structures (2007)

Etertec HQ-6100 dry film photoresist was used in this work to fabricate soft-lithography masters applied to microfluidic applications. We demonstrated that the use of this photoresist was a convenient alternative to conventional microfabrication approaches based on DRIE and liquid photoresists for fast-prototyping of microfluidic structures. Our method was at least two times faster than conventional processes and required limited investment for equipments. Finally, this approach was applied to the design and fabrication of microfluidic networks used for gradient generation in bulk solution.
Imaging the distribution of skin lipids and topically applied compounds in human skin using mass spectrometry (2018)

The barrier functions of skin against water loss, microbial invasion and penetration of xenobiotics rely, in part, on the spatial distribution of the biomolecular constituents in the skin structure, particularly its horny layer (stratum corneum). However, all skin layers are important to describe normal and dysfunctional skin conditions, and to develop adapted therapies or skin care products. In this work, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to image the spatial distribution of a variety of molecular species, from stratum corneum down to dermis, in cross-section samples of human abdominal skin. The results demonstrate the expected localization of ceramide and saturated long-chain fatty acids in stratum corneum (SC) and cholesterol sulfate in the upper part of the viable epidermis. The localization of exogenous compounds is demonstrated by the detection and imaging of carvacrol (a constituent of oregano or thyme essential oil) and ceramide, after topical application onto ex vivo human skin. Carvacrol showed pronounced accumulation to triglyceride-containing structures in the deeper parts of dermis. In contrast, the exogenous ceramide was found to be localized in SC. Furthermore, the complementary character of this approach with classical ex vivo skin absorption analysis methods is demonstrated.
Lymphocyte Survival—The Struggle Against Death (1999)

Cell proliferation and cell death must be closely regulated to maintain the integrity of the immune system during the lifetime of multicellular organisms. Proliferative expansion of lymphoid cells is required for effective immune responses against invading microorganisms. However, following infection eradication, expanded effector cells must be eliminated to prevent non-adaptive accumulation of cells. Therefore, higher vertebrates have developed an extensive network of signal transduction pathways that allow integration of cell survival and cell death stimuli. This network functions to ensure the controlled activation and expansion of cells during an immune response and the deletion of lymphoid cells that are no longer needed at the end of an immune response. Extracellular signals appear to control both mechanisms. Ultimate responses are integrated through cell surface receptors that are linked to intracellular signaling cascades. These signal transduction pathways converge to regulate cell fate at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, the role of pathways triggered by TNFR-related molecules that determine the fate of lymphoid cells during development and activation is summarized.
Retention and Separation of Adenosine and Analogues by Affinity Chromatography with an Aptamer Stationary Phase (2001)

A biotinylated-DNA aptamer (molecular weight 16,600) that binds adenosine and related compounds in solution was immobilized by reaction with streptavidin, which had been covalently attached to porous chromatographic supports. The aptamer medium was packed into fused-silica capillaries (50-150-microm i.d.) to form affinity chromatography columns. Frontal chromatography analysis indicated that the dissociation constants (Kd) of cyclic-AMP, AMP, ATP, ADP, and adenosine were 138 +/- 18, 58 +/- 2, 38 +/- 2, 28 +/- 6 and 3 +/- 1 microM, respectively, for aptamer immobilized on a controlled pore glass support. Similar values were obtained for aptamer immobilized on a polystyrene support except for a slightly higher Kd for adenosine. The Kd for adenosine is similar to the previously reported value of 6 +/- 3 microM for adenosine-aptamer in solution indicating that immobilized aptamers can have affinity similar to that of the solution forms. Columns had 20 nmol of binding sites/100 microL of support media, which is 3.3-fold higher than that previously reported for immobilization of IgG on similar media, indicating that the aptamer can be immobilized with higher density than antibodies. Variation of mobile-phase conditions revealed that ionic strength and Mg2+ level had strong effects on retention of analytes while pH and buffer composition had less of an effect. It was demonstrated that the column could selectively retain and separate cyclic-AMP, NAD+, AMP, ADP, ATP, and adenosine, even in complex mixtures such as tissue extracts.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Variable Epitopes of the M Protein of Rabies Virus (2019)

Rabies virus (RABV), the causative agent of rabies, is highly neurovirulent for warm-blooded animals with a mortality rate of up to 100%. The RABV matrix protein (M) is required for virus particle assembly and budding. However, little is known about antigenic differences in the M protein. In this study, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated 3B9, 4A1, 2B11, 2C1, and 4B11, against the RABV M protein were generated using a recombinant M protein. All five mAbs reacted with the CVS-11 strain but showed no reactivity against the HEP-Flury strain in indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. The epitope targeted by these mAbs was further identified by peptide scanning using GST-fused peptides. The <sup>25</sup>PPYDDD<sup>30</sup> peptide was defined as the minimal linear epitope. Alignment of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis of different RABV strains indicated that the variable epitope <sup>25</sup>PPDGDD<sup>30</sup> is only present in the HEP-Flury and variant Flury strains of clade III, while the other strains resembling ERA and SRVA9 within the clade had another variable epitope, <sup>25</sup>PLDDDD<sup>30</sup>. A Y27D mutation within the epitope was found among the rest of the RABV strains distributed in different clades. However, a single D28G mutation eliminated the reactivity of these five mAbs. In addition, the mAbs were able to recognize wildtype RABV strain in indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting and detect RABV-infected brain tissue using immunohistochemistry. The newly established mAbs and identified epitope may facilitate future investigations in the structure and function of the M protein and the development of diagnostic methods for the detection of different RABV strains worldwide. Most importantly, the epitope recognized by the mAbs against M protein might serve as a novel target for the development of a vaccine targeting RABV virulent strains.
Spatial Distribution of Federal Assistance in The United States, 1983–2001 (2004)

This study examines patterns in the spatial (geographical) distribution of federal spending as well as funding disparities across divisions and regions in the United States during the period 1983–2001. The study finds that there has been a relative drop in the share of the defense expenditures, with a growing proportion of federal outlays being channeled to the nondefense sector. This has resulted in the fluctuations of division/regional rankings (expressed as per capita outlays as a percentage of national per capita outlays) in both nondefense and defense expenditures. This trend contributed to the narrowing of funding disparities among divisions/ regions, which resulted in an emerging “dynamic spatial equity” of federal outlays during the period studied.
Convection-Induced Patterns in Phase-Separating Polymeric Fluids (1998)

The process of pattern formation and droplet coarsening has been studied for ternary polymeric fluids in which phase separation was induced by solvent evaporation. For a particular range of solvent evaporation rates and thicknesses of liquid layers, ordered hexagonal patterns were formed at the liquid film-air interface. We ascribe this effect to B\'enard-Marangoni convection induced by solvent evaporation and estimate conditions generating periodic two-phase structures in polymeric films. Droplet coarsening rate featured a crossover from $R\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{0.89}$ to $R\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{0.67}$ coinciding with the onset of convection and was explained by convection-induced stabilization of droplets against coalescence.
A unified systolic architecture for combined inter and intra predictions in H.264/AVC decoder (2006)

This paper presents a unified systolic architecture for inter and intra predictions in H.264/AVC decoder. To increase hardware utilization and minimize cost, we combine inter and intra predictions by a reprogrammable FIR filter, which is further implemented using systolic array. For intra prediction, the boundary pixels are reshuffled before feeding into the systolic array. For inter prediction, the 2-D interpolation is conducted through separable 1-D filtering. As compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, our architecture provides higher performance while maintaining relatively lower cost and input bandwidth. Specifically, up to 4x throughput improvement has been achieved. Moreover, the input bandwidth is significantly reduced. Further, combining inter and intra predictions saves the cost by 22~88%.
Report on Dairy Products (1964)

Journal Article Report on Dairy Products Get access William Horwitz William Horwitz Office of Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 47, Issue 1, 1 February 1964, Pages 56–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/47.1.56 Published: 20 February 2020
An example of a multi-resolution digital terrestrial TV modem (2002)

An example of a modem for two-resolution digital terrestrial transmission, providing two programs in a single 8 MHz channel is described. For each program, it is desired to transmit 5 Mb/s to portable receivers and additionally 5 Mb/s to fixed receivers. In the example, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used with guard intervals as in digital audio broadcasting. The two-resolution transmission is achieved by using a two-resolution quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal constellation. Reed-Solomon coding gives burst error correction capability to combat the frequency selective nature of the transmission channel. The two-resolution system can easily be reconfigured into a compatible system, providing high-definition television to fixed receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutations in the Gene PRRT2 Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia with Infantile Convulsions (2012)

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia with infantile convulsions (PKD/IC) is an episodic movement disorder with autosomal-dominant inheritance and high penetrance, but the causative genetic mutation is unknown. We have now identified four truncating mutations involving the gene PRRT2 in the vast majority (24/25) of well-characterized families with PKD/IC. PRRT2 truncating mutations were also detected in 28 of 78 additional families. PRRT2 encodes a proline-rich transmembrane protein of unknown function that has been reported to interact with the t-SNARE, SNAP25. PRRT2 localizes to axons but not to dendritic processes in primary neuronal culture, and mutants associated with PKD/IC lead to dramatically reduced PRRT2 levels, leading ultimately to neuronal hyperexcitability that manifests in vivo as PKD/IC.
Multi-layer adaptive power management architecture for TSV 3DIC applications (2013)

In this work, a multi-layer hierarchical distributed power delivery architecture for TSV 3DIC is proposed. By decoupling global and local power networks, the proposed power delivery architecture can be flexibly configured for different power requests. The decoupled power architectures can also greatly reduce the required decoupling capacitor sizes for voltage stabilization. Meanwhile, a multi-threshold CMOS switched capacitor DC-DC converter with up to 78% power efficiency is implemented in 65nm CMOS for hierarchical distributed power delivery architecture. An adaptive power management technique is presented to work in the local power network to increase the power efficiency. The proposed multi-layer hierarchical distributed power delivery architecture is also very useful for the heterogeneous integration in 3DIC chips.
Improved Efficiency and Robustness in qPCR and Multiplex End-Point PCR by Twisted Intercalating Nucleic Acid Modified Primers (2012)

We introduce quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers and multiplex end-point PCR primers modified by the addition of a single ortho-Twisted Intercalating Nucleic Acid (o-TINA) molecule at the 5'-end. In qPCR, the 5'-o-TINA modified primers allow for a qPCR efficiency of 100% at significantly stressed reaction conditions, increasing the robustness of qPCR assays compared to unmodified primers. In samples spiked with genomic DNA, 5'-o-TINA modified primers improve the robustness by increased sensitivity and specificity compared to unmodified DNA primers. In unspiked samples, replacement of unmodified DNA primers with 5'-o-TINA modified primers permits an increased qPCR stringency. Compared to unmodified DNA primers, this allows for a qPCR efficiency of 100% at lowered primer concentrations and at increased annealing temperatures with unaltered cross-reactivity for primers with single nucleobase mismatches. In a previously published octaplex end-point PCR targeting diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, application of 5'-o-TINA modified primers allows for a further reduction (>45% or approximately one hour) in overall PCR program length, while sustaining the amplification and analytical sensitivity for all targets in crude bacterial lysates. For all crude bacterial lysates, 5'-o-TINA modified primers permit a substantial increase in PCR stringency in terms of lower primer concentrations and higher annealing temperatures for all eight targets. Additionally, crude bacterial lysates spiked with human genomic DNA show lesser formation of non-target amplicons implying increased robustness. Thus, 5'-o-TINA modified primers are advantageous in PCR assays, where one or more primer pairs are required to perform at stressed reaction conditions.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor CCN2 Interacts with and Activates the Tyrosine Kinase Receptor TrkA (2004)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is implicated as a factor promoting tissue fibrosis in several disorders, including diabetic nephropathy. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which it functions is not known. CTGF rapidly activates several intracellular signaling molecules in human mesangial cells (HMC), including extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, protein kinase B, CaMK II, protein kinase Calpha, and protein kinase Cdelta, suggesting that it functions via a signaling receptor. Treating HMC with CTGF stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins 75 to 80 and 140 to 180 kD within 10 min, and Western blot analysis of anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates identified the neurotrophin receptor TrkA (molecular weight approximately 140 kD). Cross-linking rCTGF to cell surface proteins with 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) revealed that complexes formed with TrkA and with the general neurotrophin co-receptor p75(NTR). rCTGF stimulated phosphorylation of TrkA (tyr 490, 674/675). K252a, a known selective inhibitor of Trk, blocked this phosphorylation, CTGF-induced activation of signaling proteins, and CTGF-dependent induction of the transcription factor TGF-beta-inducible early gene in HMC. It is concluded that TrkA serves as a tyrosine kinase receptor for CTGF.
Synthesis of glutamate receptor antagonist philanthotoxin-433 (PhTX-433) and its analogs (1990)

The synthesis of the non-competative glutamate receptor inhibitor, philanthotoxin 433 (PhTX-433) is described. Furthermore, two synthetic routes are described for the preparation of a variety of structural analogs.
Software Fault Prediction using Machine Learning Techniques (2018)

Various classification techniques have been explored by the distinct researchers previously for the prediction of a software fault. It is noticed that the result of several technique changes for software to software and no technique has always given a good result in various fields.Moreover, ensemble methods take the benefits of different individual prediction techniques and produce a better performance as compared to a single technique. Most of the works are available to classify the software system whether it is fault prone or non-fault prone but very few efforts are present for the prediction of faults using ensemble techniques. The main objective of a presented system is to find how many faults detected in software. We have implemented the most popular and widely used machine learning algorithms such as Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Ada Boost, Extra Tree, k-Nearest Neighbour,Gradient-Boosting, Multi-Layer Perceptron, Bagging Regression, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Support Vector Machine. These machine learning techniques have been implemented to find the better base learners for heterogeneous ensemble learning. We have selected the best 4 base learner (by analyzing the result of all used techniques on various data set) Support Vector Machine, bagging Regression, Random Forest and k- Nearest Neighbour for Stacking Regression to improve the performance of the model. Fifteen different data sets are used in this work is accumulated from publicly available Promise repository. The presented work gives a uniform result on all the data set. Several performance evaluation measures including AAE, ARE, MSE, RMSE and accuracy have been considered to evaluate the presented heterogeneous technique. We have observed that in all data set Stacking Regression gives a better result among all selected top four machine learning techniques. The AAE, ARE, MSE, RMSE and accuracy provide better performance of the presented system. Comparision between homogeneous regression technique and heterogeneous ensemble technique provides an enhanced result for prediction of the quantity of faults in utilized software. The principal consequence of this work is to provide greater use of limited testing sources helping in right on time and immediate recognition of greater part of the fault in software modules.
Reduced-order modeling and control of near-wall turbulent flow (2003)

We introduce a new low-dimensional model for the study, simulation and control of near-wall turbulent flow based on the empirical eigenfunctions of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The wall-normal direction is discretized in our model using basis functions derived for the components of velocity as well as the wall-normal vorticity from the POD and the continuity condition, permitting the decoupling of the vertical velocity (roll) and vertical vorticity (streak) modes in our models. The streamwise and spanwise directions are not discretized, permitting some flexibility in the choice of basis functions in these directions. Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations (in the vertical velocity-vertical vorticity formulation) onto the basis functions yields a set of coupled partial differential equations in the two remaining spatial directions and in time. Modeling of the unresolved, small-scale stresses and the mean velocity profile is required to close the equations. We also discuss our work with the control of near-wall turbulence in simulations of turbulent channel flow in the minimal flow unit. The control focuses on the coherent structures, estimating their strength from the shear stress at the wall and applying control through a time-varying body force. The control is successful in reducing the turbulent skin friction and suppressing the production of turbulence near the wall by the structures.
A remote-sensing method for sub-wavelength grains on planetary surfaces by optical polarimetry (1990)

Summary Some optical polarization effects for very fine powders are shown. The well-known curve of polarization versus phase angle is found to change in shape and scale when the grain size is reduced to less than the wavelength; strong negative polarization is found, even for a smooth powder surface of high albedo. The negative peak changes in shape, and its parameters are found to be related to grain size in simple ways. This distinctive shape provides a possible remote-sensing method for detecting subwavelength grains on planetary surfaces.