gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in southern Germany (2015)

Over the last years, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused devastating enteric diseases in the US and several countries in Asia, while outbreaks in Europe have only been reported sporadically since the 1980s. At present, only insufficient information is available on currently circulating PEDV strains in Europe and their impact on the European swine industry. In this case report, we present epidemic outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea in three farms in South-Western Germany. Epidemic outbreaks of diarrhea affecting pigs of all age groups were reported in three farms, one fattening farm and two piglet producing farms, in South-Western Germany between May and November 2014. In the fattening farm yellowish, watery diarrhea without evidence of mucus or blood was associated with a massive reduction of feed consumption. Severity of clinical signs and mortality in young suckling pigs varied significantly between the two affected sow farms. While mortality in suckling piglets reached almost 70 % in one sow herd, no increase in suckling piglet mortality was observed in the second sow farm. In all three cases, PEDV was confirmed in feces and small intestines by RT-qPCR. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length PEDV genomes revealed high identity among strains from all three herds. Moreover, the German strains showed very high nucleotide identity (99.4 %) with a variant of PEDV (OH851) that was isolated in the United States in January 2014. This strain with insertions and deletions in the S-gene (so called INDEL strains) was reported to show lower virulence. Slightly lower identities were found with other strains from the US and Asia. Phylogenetic information on the distribution of PEDV strains in Europe is severely lacking. In this case report we demonstrate that acute outbreaks of PEDV occurred in southern Germany in 2014. Current strains were clearly different from isolates found in the 1980s and were closely related to a PEDV variant found in the US in 2014. Moreover, the present case report indicates that variant strains of PEDV, containing insertions and deletions in the S gene, which were reported to be of lower virulence, might be able to cause high mortality in suckling piglets.
A SIMPLIFIED TECHNIQUE FOR MOCVD OF III-V COMPOUNDS (1982)

The use of Lewis acid-base adducts as MOCVD precursors for III-V compounds is described and in particular the use of InMe3.PEt3 for the growth of InP. A simple, small-scale apparatus, which utilises the safety and handleability of these adducts is described. The InP epitaxial layers obtained were of good crystallographic quality with background carrier concentrations down to 2 x 1015 cm-3. The relative advantages of adducts over conventional metal alkyls is discussed, as well as the ideal requirements of metallo-organic sources for MOCVD. The future potential of both the simplified growth system and the adducts is considered.
XXXII.—On a new class of explosives which are non-explosive during their manufacture, storage, and transport (1873)

H. Sprengel, J. Chem. Soc., 1873, 26, 796 DOI: 10.1039/JS8732600796
Nucleolar NF-κB/RelA mediates apoptosis by causing cytoplasmic relocalization of nucleophosmin (2011)

In a number of contexts, and particularly in response to cellular stress, stimulation of the NF-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway promotes apoptosis. One mechanism underlying this pro-apoptotic activity is nucleolar sequestration of RelA, which is reported to cause cell death by repressing NF-κB-driven transcription. Here, we identify a novel and distinct nucleolar activity of RelA that induces apoptosis. We demonstrate, using a viral nucleolar localization signal (NoLS)-RelA fusion protein, that direct targeting of RelA to the nucleolus mediates apoptosis, independent of NF-κB transcriptional activity. We demonstrate a requirement for nucleophosmin (NPM, B23.1) in this apoptotic effect, and the apoptotic effect of stress-induced nucleolar RelA. We show by multiple approaches that nucleolar translocation of RelA is causally involved in the relocalization of NPM from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm and that RelA-induced cytoplasmic NPM mediates apoptosis by facilitating the mitochondrial accumulation of BAX. These data uncover a novel stress-response pathway and mechanism by which RelA promotes apoptosis, independent of its effects on NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings are relevant to the design of novel anticancer agents that target RelA to this compartment.
Recruiting and retaining primary care nurses (2004)

The increased location of chronic disease management in primary care presents threats and opportunities for the nursing workforce: threats from the impact of changing role boundaries and increasing workload; opportunities for role substitution, increased role flexibility, and skill accretion as nurses move into new fields of practice.
On the mechanism of actin monomer-polymer subunit exchange at steady state. (1983)

The rate of exchange of G-actin with subunits of F-actin and the rate of hydrolysis of ATP in solutions of F-actin at steady state have been measured simultaneously. Subunit exchange kinetics were analyzed by both a treadmill model and an exchange-diffusion model. The best fit to a treadmill model of the data obtained in 0.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.2 mM ATP at 30 degrees C gave a treadmill efficiency (net monomers incorporated per ATP hydrolyzed) of 0.26, in good agreement with the previously reported s-value of 0.25 (Wegner, A. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 108, 139-150) for similar ionic conditions. However, in this and other conditions with excess free divalent cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+), the observed exchange kinetics were in better agreement with an exchange-diffusion model than with a treadmilling model over the entire time course of the experiment. In the absence of excess divalent cations (50 mM KCl), exchange was too slow to be analyzed adequately by either model. Using the measured filament length distribution and the observed fit of the exchange-diffusion model to the data in 0.5 mM MgCl2, an on-rate constant of 2.8 x 10(6) M-1 S-1 and an off-rate constant of 5.8 s-1 were calculated. These values, while in good agreement with previously measured pre-steady state polymerization rate constants under different ionic conditions (Pollard, T. D., and Mooseker, M. S. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 88, 654-659), are about 30-fold higher than the rate constants predicted from the rate of ATP hydrolysis at steady state. To rationalize these discrepancies, a model is proposed in which a segment of F-actin subunits at one or both ends of the filament contains bound ATP at steady state.
Dielectric permittivity of geologic Materials at different water contents - Measurements with an impedance analyzer (2011)

Dielectric permittivity is an important parameter for all investigations based on electromagnetic waves (e.g. GPR and TDR measurements). In combination with the electric conductivity, it is crucial for the determination of the propagation velocity, the reflection coefficient and the decay of the electromagnetic wave. The dielectric permittivity depends on several factors like water content, mineralogy, grain size, and bulk density of the material. Our laboratory measurements of dielectric permittivity show quantitative relations between these parameters and that commonly used general algorithms for moisture detection bear significant inaccuracies (up to 200% error for clay substrates). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the permittivity for every specific application. This paper provides new algorithms for some most important substrate types, which can be used to recalibrate TDR-tools for specific applications. However, measurements of the dielectric permittivity are also frequency-dependent. In this study an impedance analyzer was used, which provides a frequency range between 10MHz and 1GHz. This is inside the most common range of applications like the TDR measurement method, which has a frequency range from 20KHz up to 20GHz. Ground penetrating radar measurements operate mostly in a frequency range from 40 to 900MHz.
Cinnamon extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of NFκB and AP1 (2010)

Our study suggests that anti-tumor effect of cinnamon extracts is directly linked with enhanced pro-apoptotic activity and inhibition of NFkappaB and AP1 activities and their target genes in vitro and in vivo mouse melanoma model. Hence, further elucidation of active components of cinnamon extract could lead to development of potent anti-tumor agent or complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of diverse cancers.
The Effect of Fusing on Gloss in Electrophotography (1998)

In dry toner electrophotography, hot-roll fusing is the method most commonly used to fix the toner to the media. In hot-roll fusing, the combined effects of time, temperature and pressure determine the fusing quality with respect to the degree of toner fixing and gloss level. Acceptable fusing quality can only be achieved when the process parameters are within the fusing latitude, or “fusing window.” In this paper, the effect of the fusing process parameters on gloss is studied experimentally using a computer-controlled hot-roll test apparatus. The roles of media and coating are also examined for insight into the mechanisms of gloss development. The importance of lubrication, fuser roller design, and other practical considerations for minimizing hot-offset and extending the fusing window are also touched on.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Oxidation of Alcohols by Ferrate Ion. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The effect of IL-12 treatment on vaccine-enhanced illness during infection with respiratory syncytial virus. (1998)

In humans and mice, sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigens can result in severe inflammatory lung disease during subsequent infection with the virus. Although specific antiviral T cells are thought to be responsible for this augmentation of disease, the precise role of different functional subsets is unknown. BALB/c mice sensitised to the major surface glycoprotein (G) of RSV expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus develop Th2-driven lung eosinophilia after intranasal challenge with the virus. Mice treated with IL-12 at various times during vaccination and challenge, had reduced vaccine-induced lung eosinophilia but increased total pulmonary lymphoid cell infiltration. Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that interferon-gamma production during challenge was increased and IL-4 and IL-5 reduced by IL-12 treatment. Though IL-12 treatment reduced lung eosinophilia, illness (as assessed by weight loss) was not eliminated and sometimes increased. Reversing Th2-associated pathology with IL-12 does not necessarily benefit the host.
Biochemical evidence that secretor gene, Se, is a structural gene encoding a specific fucosyltransferase. (1984)

Nonsecretors have no ABH blood group substances in their saliva and milk, but their erythrocytes contain the blood group substances. It has been generally believed that the secretor gene, Se, is a regulatory gene, not a structural gene, controlling the expression of (alpha 1----2)fucosyltransferase, which synthesizes the blood group H substance from its precursor, in secretions. To account for the existence of the blood type of "para Bombay" phenotype--i.e., H-negative in erythrocytes but H-positive in secretory fluids, another regulatory gene, Z, which would regulate the expression of the enzyme in the hematopoietic tissues, has been proposed. Contrary to this, a more simple model, in which the H gene and Se gene are both structural genes, encoding two separate fucosyltransferases in different tissues, was recently proposed. To settle the controversy, (alpha 1----2)fucosyltransferases were partially purified from human plasma and milk. The two enzymes differed from each other in the following respects: (i) the milk enzyme adsorbed to SP-Sephadex at pH 6.0, while the plasma enzyme did not; (ii) pH-activity profiles, with phenyl beta-D-galactoside as an acceptor, differed between the two enzymes; (iii) the milk enzyme exhibited lower thermal stability than the plasma enzyme; and (iv) Km values for several oligosaccharides with Gal(beta 1----3)GlcNAc and Gal(beta 1----4)GlcNAc as acceptors differed between the two enzymes. These results support the model that the Se gene is a structural gene encoding a distinctive (alpha 1----2)fucosyltransferase, refuting the classical regulatory gene model for the Se locus. The anomeric configuration of the fucosylated galactose residue produced by the action of enzyme was identified, thus establishing the specificity of the enzyme.
REBASE—a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes (2009)

REBASE is a comprehensive database of information about restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases and related proteins involved in the biological process of restriction-modification (R-M). It contains fully referenced information about recognition and cleavage sites, isoschizomers, neoschizomers, commercial availability, methylation sensitivity, crystal and sequence data. Experimentally characterized homing endonucleases are also included. The fastest growing segment of REBASE contains the putative R-M systems found in the sequence databases. Comprehensive descriptions of the R-M content of all fully sequenced genomes are available including summary schematics. The contents of REBASE may be browsed from the web (http://rebase.neb.com) and selected compilations can be downloaded by ftp (ftp.neb.com). Additionally, monthly updates can be requested via email.
Cloud-Based Convergence of Heterogeneous RANs in 5G Disaggregated Architectures (2018)

Cloud-RAN based architectures are widely considered a fundamental part of 5G networks. As a consequence, in the upcoming standards for 5G RAN, disaggregating the RAN functionality between a Central Unit (CU) and multiple Distributed Units (DUs) is considered, addressing the splitting of the 5G protocol stack at the PDCP/RLC point. This split is expected to bring numerous advantages to mobile network operators, as through the isolation of the stack from the PDCP layer and upwards, the CU will be able to act as the Cloud-based convergence point among multiple heterogeneous technologies in the provisioned networks and hence able to serve multiple heterogeneous DUs. Moreover, data rate requirements for this type of split are not very demanding, thus allowing the IP-based transferring of data from the DU to CU and vice-versa. In this work, we propose, implement and evaluate a protocol for a Cloud-RAN based architecture allowing the selection and dynamic switching of different heterogeneous networks in the RAN. We rely on the open source OpenAirInterface platform and extend it to support data plane splitting of the LTE functionality, and the subsequent data injection to WiFi networks. We evaluate the platform using a real network setup, under several scenarios of network selection and different delay settings.
Mobility in Metamorphic Mechanisms of Foldable/Erectable Kinds (1999)

This paper looks at a class of mechanisms that change structure when erected or folded. The class includes a variety of artefacts and decorative gifts and boxes comprised of flat card creased to enable the folding or unfolding of a structure. Such a structure admits kinematic study in keeping with theory of mechanisms when the creases are treated as hinges joining card and paper panels treated as links. New horizons have been brought up in the use and mechanised manufacture of mechanisms of this kind. Here typical types are described in terms of their fundamental parts and their equivalent mechanisms. Screw system theory is brought into the analysis of mechanisms of these kinds, particularly those containing multiple loops. Different geometry and system combinations are used for the study of mobility and kinematics making use of the result from the equivalent screw systems.
A STAP overview (2004)

This tutorial provides a brief overview of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for radar applications. We discuss space-time signal diversity and various forms of the adaptive processor, including reduced-dimension and reduced-rank STAP approaches. Additionally, we describe the space-time properties of ground clutter and noise-jamming, as well as essential STAP performance metrics. We conclude this tutorial with an overview of some current STAP topics: space-based radar, bistatic STAP, knowledge-aided STAP, multi-channel synthetic aperture radar and non-sidelooking array configurations.
ASPEKTE VAN DIE KOPPELWERKWOORD IN AFRIKAANS (1975)

(1975). ASPEKTE VAN DIE KOPPELWERKWOORD IN AFRIKAANS. Taalfasette: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 29-39.
Situated and Interactive Multimodal Conversations (2020)

Seungwhan Moon, Satwik Kottur, Paul Crook, Ankita De, Shivani Poddar, Theodore Levin, David Whitney, Daniel Difranco, Ahmad Beirami, Eunjoon Cho, Rajen Subba, Alborz Geramifard. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. 2020.
Ah, yes : Governance! (1994)

The quality of an economy's contract laws, and enforcement efforts can be inferred indirectly from the evidence on contracting. The note examines the apparent defects in laws, and constitutions, which can often be rectified by the mechanisms of governance. It identifies the lesson of transaction-cost economics, permissive toward private ordering, because since there are always potential, mutual gains to be realized by moving from a less, to a more efficient relation, there is the possibility that non-standard, and unfamiliar contracting practices serve efficiency purposes, which should be actively entertained. Other considerations apply to property, and investments, underlying that, rather than focusing exclusively on the constitution, the quality of a compensation regime is to be inferred, mainly from an examination of the mechanisms of transaction costs, property values, and durable assets.
An architecture for real-time inference engines on personal computers (1992)

Design and implementation possibilities for real-time inference engines on personal computers and PC-based workstations are studied. FLEXIE, a PC-based real-time inference engine, and an integral part of FLEX, a prototype real-time expert system shell for personal computers is described. A fast pattern-matcher, based on an extension of the RETE algorithm, is built into FLEXIE in order to make it possible to include external real-time information into the inference process. The design of the pattern-matching algorithm makes it suitable for hardware implementation. It can made the pattern-matching process run considerably faster, a key issue for real-time inference. An architecture for such a hardware pattern-matcher is proposed, and initial simulation results are presented. They show an overall speed-up of more than an order of magnitude.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell Origami: Self-Folding of Three-Dimensional Cell-Laden Microstructures Driven by Cell Traction Force (2012)

This paper describes a method of generating three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden microstructures by applying the principle of origami folding technique and cell traction force (CTF). We harness the CTF as a biological driving force to fold the microstructures. Cells stretch and adhere across multiple microplates. Upon detaching the microplates from a substrate, CTF causes the plates to lift and fold according to a prescribed pattern. This self-folding technique using cells is highly biocompatible and does not involve special material requirements for the microplates and hinges to induce folding. We successfully produced various 3D cell-laden microstructures by just changing the geometry of the patterned 2D plates. We also achieved mass-production of the 3D cell-laden microstructures without causing damage to the cells. We believe that our methods will be useful for biotechnology applications that require analysis of cells in 3D configurations and for self-assembly of cell-based micro-medical devices.
Construction of a Computer-Assisted Multichannel Lock-In Detector (1980)

When a perturbing signal Vp(t)=sin (ωt) is applied to any kind of linear system, the response signal may be of the form V0(t)=A(ω) sin (ωt-φω), where A(ω) is the amplitude and φω the phase retardation of the response relative to those of Vp(t). To find the parameters characteristic of the system, measurements of A(ω) vs. ω or φω vs. ω are required. For this purpose, a 14-channel digital lock-in detector was constructed and interfaced with a minicomputer using standard TTL components. The detector measures A(ωk) for ωk=2kω1, where k is the channel number and ω1 is the lowest frequency of interest. The minicomputer controls the modes of operation of the detector and carries out data processing. The design principle and software for operation of the detector are briefly presented. The detector will have various applications in its present form or in a slightly modified version.
Stress proteins and cross-protection by heat shock and salt stress in Bacillus subtilis (1992)

Bacillus subtilis induced a set of general stress proteins in response to a salt or heat stress. Cells subjected to a mild heat stress showed a protective response which enabled them to survive otherwise lethal temperatures (e.g. 52 degrees C). In a similar way bacteria were enabled to survive toxic concentrations of NaCl by pretreatment with lower salt concentrations. A mild heat shock induced a cross-protection against lethal salt stress. The pretreatment of cells with low salt, however, was less effective in the induction of thermotolerance than a preceding mild heat stress. Three stress proteins were identified on the basis of their N-terminal amino acid sequences as homologues of GroEL, DnaK and ClpP of Escherichia coli. The role of general and specific stress proteins in the induction of thermotolerance/salt tolerance and cross-protection is discussed.
Polymerization of Aromatic Aldehydes. III. The Cyclopolymerization of Phthaldehyde and the Structure of the Polymer (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of Aromatic Aldehydes. III. The Cyclopolymerization of Phthaldehyde and the Structure of the PolymerChuji Aso and Sanae TagamiCite this: Macromolecules 1969, 2, 4, 414–419Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60010a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60010a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views645Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts