gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ozonization of phenols from <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (cashew) (2002)

Abstract The phenolic lipid components cardanol and cardol, obtained from heat‐processed technical cashew nutshell liquid from Anacardium occidentale , and anacardic acid from the natural product, each containing monoene, diene, and triene constituents, were ozonized. The ozonides were reduced chemically and catalytically to give 8‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)octanal, 8‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)octanal, and 8‐(3‐hydroxy‐2‐carboxyphenyl)octanal, respectively, together with formaldehyde, malondialdehyde, butanal, and heptanal in each case. Reduction of the 8‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)octanal, which was synthesized from 3‐benzyloxybenzaldehyde, gave 3‐octylphenol. Oxidation of the aldehyde with potassium permanganate gave 8‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)octanoic acid, and reduction with sodium borohydride yielded 8‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)octanol. For comparison, the trans ‐diols of cardanol were prepared by treatment of cardanol with peroxyformic acid and cleaved by periodate oxidation to give an alternative route to 8‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)octanal but in lower yield. Likewise, the cis ‐diols were obtained with potassium permanganate and cleaved without isolation to give the same product in lower yield compared with ozonization.
Evaluation of Safety Distance in Vehicle Platoons by Combined Braking and Steering (2012)

Platooning is a way to increase the traffic flow and capacity on roads to handle the upcoming problems of traffic congestion and exhaust emissions. The aim with this work is to evaluate if the safety distance of platooning vehicles can be further reduced when both lateral and longitudinal control is implemented. The idea is that when the vehicle in front suddenly brakes the vehicle behind, if needed, is steered aside while braking and stops beside the preceding vehicle. The analysis is performed using a game theoretical approach and different detailed vehicle models. Results show that the safety distance can be reduced.
The High Resolution Crystal Structure of Recombinant Crithidia fasciculata Tryparedoxin-I (1999)

Tryparedoxin-I is a recently discovered thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in parasitic trypanosomatids. The crystal structure of recombinant Crithidia fasciculata tryparedoxin-I in the oxidized state has been determined using multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion methods applied to a selenomethionyl derivative. The model comprises residues 3 to 145 with 236 water molecules and has been refined using all data between a 19- and 1.4-A resolution to an R-factor and R-free of 19.1 and 22.3%, respectively. Despite sharing only about 20% sequence identity, tryparedoxin-I presents a five-stranded twisted beta-sheet and two elements of helical structure in the same type of fold as displayed by thioredoxin, the archetypal thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase. However, the relationship of secondary structure with the linear amino acid sequences is different for each protein, producing a distinctive topology. The beta-sheet core is extended in the trypanosomatid protein with an N-terminal beta-hairpin. There are also differences in the content and orientation of helical elements of secondary structure positioned at the surface of the proteins, which leads to different shapes and charge distributions between human thioredoxin and tryparedoxin-I. A right-handed redox-active disulfide is formed between Cys-40 and Cys-43 at the N-terminal region of a distorted alpha-helix (alpha1). Cys-40 is solvent-accessible, and Cys-43 is positioned in a hydrophilic cavity. Three C-H...O hydrogen bonds donated from two proline residues serve to stabilize the disulfide-carrying helix and support the correct alignment of active site residues. The accurate model for tryparedoxin-I allows for comparisons with the family of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases and provides a template for the discovery or design of selective inhibitors of hydroperoxide metabolism in trypanosomes. Such inhibitors are sought as potential therapies against a range of human pathogens.
Synthesis of aldosterone (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of aldosteroneMasateru MiyanoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 9, 1846–1853Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00322a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A 23-ns 256 K EPROM with double-layer metal and address transition detection (1989)

A 23-ns 256 K CMOS EPROM has been developed on a 0.8- mu m double-layer metal technology. The product employs a differential configuration and an interleaved FAMOS cell with a high read current of 80 mu A at V/sub g/=4 V, V/sub d/=1.5 V, 25 degrees C. The array is organized as 32 K*8. Fast access time is obtained by a combination of advanced technology, double-layer metal (DLM), differential sensing, address transition detection (ATD), and a ground-switched decoding scheme. DLM is used to strap word lines. High performance is obtained by reducing bit-line length to 256 cells, with 2048 cells per word line. The combination of strapped word lines along with short bit lines produces very fast access time. The active power is 75 mA, and standby power is 9 mA at room temperature. The die size is 116*339 mil/sup 2/ (25.4 mm/sup 2/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors Affecting the Hydrolytic Degradation of Chlorpyrifos in Soil (1996)

The abiotic hydrolysis of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos was examined in 37 different soils, which were chosen to represent a wide variety of physicochemical characteristics (e.g., pH 3.8−8.5). Samples of soil were sterilized via γ-irradiation, treated with [14C]chlorpyrifos at 10 μg/g, and incubated under standardized conditions (25 °C, field moisture capacity, darkness) for up to 4 months. Chlorpyrifos hydrolysis proceeded at a slow rate (<0.008 day-1) in acidic soils (pH ≤ 7). In alkaline soils, however, hydrolytic rate constants varied greatly (0.004−0.063 day-1). Corresponding hydrolytic half-lives for acidic and alkaline soils ranged from 92 to 341 and 11 to 200 days, respectively. Correlation analyses indicated that soil pH was the independent variable displaying the strongest association with hydrolytic rate constant (r = 0.55), but multiple regression models based on combinations of this parameter with other soil properties, including phosphatase enzyme activities, did not offer strongly predictive models for explaining the variability in kinetics observed (best fit r2 = 0.59). Incubation of chlorpyrifos with both sterile and nonsterile soils revealed that although both microbial and hydrolytic mechanisms contributed to chlorpyrifos degradation in all soils, there were clearly soils in which hydrolysis constituted the major route of degradation. Chlorpyrifos hydrolysis was greatly accelerated under low moisture conditions, both in acidic and alkaline soils. Additional experiments in several soils that displayed rapid chlorpyrifos hydrolysis at 10 μg/g provided evidence that the hydrolytic reaction was inhibited at higher concentration (1000 μg/g). Results highlight the importance but also the complex nature of the hydrolytic breakdown of chlorpyrifos in soil. Under certain conditions (e.g., some alkaline soils, air-dry soils) hydrolysis may be the driving factor modulating chlorpyrifos persistence. Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; soil; hydrolysis; degradation
Knee muscle strength in multiple sclerosis: relationship with gait characteristics (2015)

[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between isokinetic knee muscle strength and kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal gait parameters of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-nine MS patients (mean age 31.5±6.5) were investigated in this study. The isokinetic knee muscle strength and gait parameters of MS patients with moderate and severe disability, as determined by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS): EDSS=1-4.5 (n=22, moderate disability) and EDSS>4.5 (n=7, severe disability) were measured. [Results] Isokinetic knee muscle strength, kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal gait parameters differed between moderate (EDSS=1-4.5, n=22) and severe disability (EDSS>4.5, n=7). The correlation between each of gait speed, stride length, total range of knee joint movement and the four strength parameters (minimum and maximum quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths) were significant for the MS group as a whole. Within subgroups, the correlation between minimum hamstring strength and total range of knee movement was significant only in group EDSS>4.5; minimum hamstring correlated with peak knee extensor moment in group EDSS=1-4.5, but at a reduced level of significance. [Conclusion] The present study revealed significant correlations between gait characteristics and isokinetic strength parameters of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Our study suggests that rehabilitation protocols for MS patients should include a critical strength training programme particularly for the hamstring and quadriceps muscles.
Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Pancreatic Islets and Bone Marrow into Islet-Like Cell Phenotype (2011)

Proteomic analysis highlighted differences in the MSCs according to site of origin, reflecting spontaneous differentiation and commitment. A more detailed understanding of protein assets may provide insights required to master the differentiation process of HI-MSCs to functional beta cells based only upon culture conditioning. These findings may open new strategies for the clinical use of BM-MSCs in diabetes.
Inhibition of cellular transformation by berry extracts (2001)

Recent studies have examined and demonstrated the potential cancer chemopreventive activity of freeze-dried berries including strawberries and black raspberries. Although ellagic acid, an abundant component in these berries, has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis both in vivo and in vitro, several studies have reported that other compounds in the berries may also contribute to the observed inhibitory effect. In the present study, freeze-dried strawberries (Fragara ananassa, FA) or black raspberries (Rubus ursinus, RU) were extracted, partitioned and chromatographed into several fractions (FA-F001, FA-F003, FA-F004, FA-F005, FA-DM, FA-ME from strawberries and RU-F001, RU-F003, RU-F004, RU-F005, RU-DM, RU-ME from black raspberries). These extracts, along with ellagic acid, were analyzed for anti-transformation activity in the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation model. None of the extracts nor ellagic acid by themselves produced an increase in morphological transformation. For assessment of chemopreventive activity, SHE cells were treated with each agent and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 7 days. Ellagic acid, FA-ME and RU-ME fractions produced a dose-dependent decrease in transformation compared with B[a]P treatment only, while other fractions failed to induce a significant decrease. Ellagic acid, FA-ME and RU-ME were further examined using a 24 h co-treatment with B[a]P or a 6 day treatment following 24 h with B[a]P. Ellagic acid showed inhibitory ability in both protocols. FA-ME and RU-ME significantly reduced B[a]P-induced transformation only when co-treated with B[a]P for 24 h. These results suggest that a methanol extract from strawberries and black raspberries may display chemopreventive activity. The possible mechanism by which these methanol fractions (FA-ME, RU-ME) inhibited cell transformation appear to involve interference of uptake, activation, detoxification of B[a]P and/or intervention of DNA binding and DNA repair.
Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakisphosphate Binding Activities of Neuronal and Non-neuronal Synaptotagmins (1998)

Synaptotagmins I and II are essential for Ca2+-regulated exocytosis of synaptic vesicles from neurons, probably serving as Ca2+ sensors. This Ca2+-sensing function is thought to be disrupted by binding of an inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) to the C2B domain of synaptotagmin I or II (Fukuda, M., Moreira, J. E., Lewis, F. M. T., Sugimori, M., Niinobe, M., Mikoshiba, K., and Llinás, R. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 10708-10712). Recently, several synaptotagmin isoforms, expressed outside the nervous system, have been identified in rats and proposed to be involved in constitutive vesicle traffic. To test whether the inositol high polyphosphates also regulate constitutive vesicle traffic by binding to the non-neuronal synaptotagmins, we examined the IP4 binding properties of the recombinant C2 domains of both neuronal (III, V, X, and XI) and non-neuronal (VI-VIII and IX) synaptotagmins. The C2B domains of synaptotagmins VII-IX and XI had strong IP4 binding activity, but the C2B domain of synaptotagmin VI showed very weak IP4 binding activity. In contrast, there was no significant IP4 binding activity of the C2B domains of synaptotagmins III, V, and X or any of the C2A domains. A phylogenetic tree of the C2 domains of 11 isoforms revealed that synaptotagmins III, V, VI, and X (IP4-insensitive or very weak IP4-binding isoforms) belong to the same branch. Based on the sequence comparison between the IP4-sensitive and -insensitive isoforms, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of synaptotagmin III and identified several amino acid substitutions that abolish IP4 binding activity. Our data suggest that the inositol high polyphosphates might also regulate constitutive vesicle traffic via binding to the IP4-sensitive non-neuronal synaptotagmins.
A study on the effect of environmental stresses on the hydrophobic characteristics and field performance of RTV silicone rubber coatings (2003)

This paper presents the results of a study on the hydrophobic characteristics of Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber coatings exposed to accelerated weathering in several degrading environments. Accelerated climatic stresses (UV light, rain), thermal treatment, ozone atmospheres and chemical oxidation were used to simulate aging. The dynamic behavior of the hydrophobicity recovery on both corona-treated and artificially polluted RTV coating surfaces was studied. The flashover performance of coated cap-and-pin insulators was evaluated after exposure of the coating to a chemically oxidizing environment. The physical changes occurring on the coating surface as a consequence of aging and its effect on the property of hydrophobicity recovery and on the electrical performance of coated ceramic insulators are analyzed and discussed.
Monte Carlo procedure for protein design (1998)

A method for sequence optimization in protein models is presented. The approach, which has inherited its basic philosophy from recent work by Deutsch and Kurosky [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 323 (1996)] by maximizing conditional probabilities rather than minimizing energy functions, is based upon a different and very efficient multisequence Monte Carlo scheme. By construction, the method ensures that the designed sequences represent good folders thermodynamically. A bootstrap procedure for the sequence space search is devised making very large chains feasible. The algorithm is successfully explored on the two-dimensional HP model [K. F. Lau and K. A. Dill, Macromolecules 32, 3986 (1989)] with chain lengths N=16, 18, and 32.
72.3: A Direct‐View Laser‐Phosphor Display with a High‐Reflection Wide‐Angle‐Scanner (2012)

Abstract A bright direct view laser phosphor display with a large scanning angle has been developed. A scan mirror, to which a dielectric multilayer was applied on a glass substrate, achieved over 99% reflectivity and withstands large laser power. An optical scanning angle of over +/‐ 21.5 degrees was verified, which was achieved with our dual moving‐magnet drive design. Expansion optics for expanding the scanning angle by 1.5 times were developed. The effectiveness of the proposed devices was verified by projecting images on the display.
Research on the Application of E-Commerce Based on XML (2012)

Analyses the present situation of the development of e-commerce height and the development of the bottleneck,thus,the XML technology is applied to e-commerce is the inevitable choice for the development of,draws XML application to e-commerce system of four advantages.
FREE CASH FLOW (FCF), ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA™), AND NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV):. A RECONCILIATION OF VARIATIONS OF DISCOUNTED-CASH-FLOW (DCF) VALUATION (2001)

ABSTRACT The paper assists the user of DCF methods by clearly setting forth the relationship of free-cash-flow (FCF) and economic value added (EVA™) concepts to each other and to the more traditional applications of DCF thinking. We follow others in demonstrating the equivalence between EVA and NPV, but our approach is more general in that it links the problems of security valuation, enterprise valuation, and investment project selection. Additionally, our approach relates more directly to use of standard financial accounting information. Beginning with cash budget identity, we show that the discounting of appropriately defined cash flows under the free-cash-flow valuation approach (FCF) is mathematically equivalent to the discounting of appropriately defined economic profits under the EVA™ approach. The concept of net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT), found by adding after-tax interest payments to net profit after taxes, is central to both approaches, but there the computational similarities end. The FCF approach focuses on the periodic total cash flows obtained by deducting total net investment and adding net debt issuance to net operating cash flow, whereas the EVA™ approach requires defining the periodic total investment in the firm. In a project valuation context, both FCF and EVA™ are conceptually equivalent to NPV. Each approach necessitates a myriad of adjustments to the accounting information available for most corporations.
Nematological Reviews: Organic Amendments in Nematode Control. An Examination of the Literature (1982)

An on-line search of the literature on organic amendments from 1971-81 revealed 125 papers in which they were used to reduce nematode populations in order to increase yields. Oil cakes have been the most popular type of organic amendment used while sawdust, compost, green manure and chicken manure have also shown promise. The types of amendment used and the crops and nematodes involved have been analysed and tables and figures show current areas of research and possible future lines of investigation into this promising means of nematode control for the farmer and smallholder.
Detection of environmental depigmenting substances (1979)

We systematically screened the depigmenting capacity of several phenols, catechols and organic antioxidants. Clear-cut depigmentation was achieved with monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MMH) and tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) using black guinea pigs and black mice as animal models. A goal was to establish a reliable in vivo method to demonstrate or to predict the depigmenting action of chemicals on mammalian melanocytes. There was no universal solvent or optimal body site, although all tested areas could be depigmented. Irritation induced by some vehicles and test materials produced false positive responses. False negative responses with known depigmenting chemicals were observed. Utilizing these observations, we propose a model for screening medicinal and industrial chemicals for depigmenting capacity.
Load balancing for cellular/WLAN integrated networks (2007)

The interworking between heterogeneous third-generation cellular networks and wireless local area networks is one promising evolution approach to fourth-generation wireless networks, which can exploit the complementary advantages of the cellular network and WLANs. Resource management for the 4G-oriented cellular/WLAN integrated network is an important open issue that deserves more research efforts. In this article we present a policy framework for resource management in a loosely coupled cellular/WLAN integrated network, where load balancing policies are designed to efficiently utilize the pooled resources of the network. A two-phase control strategy is adopted in the load balancing policies, in which call assignment is used to provide a statistical quality of service guarantee during the admission phase, and dynamic vertical handoff during the traffic service phase is used to minimize the performance variations. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed load balancing solution achieves significant performance improvement over two other reference schemes
Apoptosis Modulation as a Promising Target for Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis (2011)

Diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fatal autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive ECM deposition inducing a loss of function of skin and internal organs. Apoptosis is a key mechanism involved in all the stages of the disease: vascular damage, immune dysfunction, and fibrosis. The purpose of this paper is to gather new findings in apoptosis related to SSc, to highlight relations between apoptosis and fibrosis, and to identify new therapeutic targets.
Personality impressions based on facebook profiles (2007)

Although still largely the province of teenagers and college students, Online Social-Networking Websites (OSNWs) like MySpace and Facebook are increasingly used by people in the 24-54 year age range and many employers now use them to check out prospective employees. For many people, these websites have changed the dynamics of how individuals become acquainted. Indeed, viewing an individual’s profile on MySpace or Facebook now features early in the process of getting to know others, often serving as the very first exposure. But how accurate are the impressions based on OSNW profiles? Our previous research on personal websites suggests OSNW profiles should provide more information about targets than most other sources, including actually meeting the person. Here we examine impressions based on 133 Facebook profiles, comparing them with how the targets see themselves and are seen by close acquaintances. As in our previous research, results show generally strong patterns of convergence, although the accuracy correlations vary considerably across traits. Findings are discussed with regard to the increasing role of technology-borne social information in everyday interpersonal interactions
Novel Matting Agents for Low VOC Coatings (2013)

Environmental pressures continue to reduce volatile organic compound levels across industry segments and drive formulators to embrace more eco-friendly coatings technologies. Formulators are turning to UV, waterborne, and high solids coatings technologies, as well as the use of exempt solvents and diluents. Each of these technologies presents a new and unique set of challenges when it comes to developing low gloss coatings. This presentation will discuss the mechanics of gloss reduction, as it relates to these challenges and how to overcome them. Two new types of matting agents will be presented that are ideally suited to achieve matte coatings in low VOC coating technologies.