gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial distance join query estimation without data access (2011)

Spatial join query is one of the fundamental operations in spatial database systems and geographic information systems. Existing estimating methods often make uniformity assumption, which seldom holds in realistic situation. Moreover, little attention has been paid to distance join, instead of intersection join. This paper first develops a MBR-buffer based method, which can be used to get satisfying estimation results with only several statistics. Then, to improve relative errors, an enhanced method using line segment distribution law for distance join among different kinds of datasets is proposed. Without scanning the entire dataset, this method can provide accurate estimating results. Experiments show that our techniques are more efficient for estimating the selectivity of distance join, and more applicable to realistic datasets.
198. Studies in peroxidase action. Part X. The oxidation of phenols (1956)

H. Booth and B. C. Saunders, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 940 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000940
Fuzzy Consensus on QoS in Web Services Discovery (2006)

Ensuring consensus on QoS attributes is imperative for the discovery of web services. Inconsistent views of service providers and consumers on QoS attributes could be problematic, even though they have consensus on characteristics. For instance, they may have distinct views of the QoS attribute of service reliability, wherein a consumer considers that a service is reliable if its success rate is 99.9% or 100%, while providers may consider its service as reliable if its success rate is higher than 90%. Different expectations in service discovery could hinder prevailing of the web services. This paper proposes a QoS Consensus Moderation Approach (QCMA) in order to perform QoS consensus and to alleviate the differences on QoS requirements in the web services discovery. The proposed approach is implemented and evaluated through an example of hotel booking web service.
Shape description from imperfect and incomplete data (2002)

Usually, shape description systems assume that a scene has been segmented into objects and that object boundaries are given. This, however, is not realistic when working with intensity images; the resulting boundaries are fragmented and contain surface markings, and shadow and noise boundaries. A system is described which works with such input and computes shape descriptions of complex objects. Scene segmentation takes place through shape description. Generalized cones or, more precisely, their 2D analogs of ribbons are used as the basic shape representation scheme. Results for synthetic and real examples are shown. The output of the system is useful for object recognition, learning, further inference of 3D shape, grasping, and navigation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The system K 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (1955)

We have learnt that the eleven varieties of Minims (Smith & Nephew Pharmaceuticals) which we listed are no longer made. The makers plan to introduce a much improved form of Minims later this year.
Model Observers in Medical Imaging Research (2013)

Model observers play an important role in the optimization and assessment of imaging devices. In this review paper, we first discuss the basic concepts of model observers, which include the mathematical foundations and psychophysical considerations in designing both optimal observers for optimizing imaging systems and anthropomorphic observers for modeling human observers. Second, we survey a few state-of-the-art computational techniques for estimating model observers and the principles of implementing these techniques. Finally, we review a few applications of model observers in medical imaging research.
Switching between Inner- and Outer-Sphere PCET Mechanisms of Small-Molecule Activation: Superoxide Dismutation and Oxygen/Superoxide Reduction Reactivity Deriving from the Same Manganese Complex (2017)

Readily exchangeable water molecules are commonly found in the active sites of oxidoreductases, yet the overwhelming majority of studies on small-molecule mimics of these enzymes entirely ignores the contribution of water to the reactivity. Studies of how these enzymes can continue to function in spite of the presence of highly oxidizing species are likewise limited. The mononuclear Mn<sup>II</sup> complex with the potentially hexadentate ligand N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (L<sup>OH</sup>) was previously found to act as both a H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-responsive MRI contrast agent and a mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Here, we studied this complex in aqueous solutions at different pH values in order to determine its (i) acid-base equilibria, (ii) coordination equilibria, (iii) substitution lability and operative mechanisms for water exchange, (iv) redox behavior and ability to participate in proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions, (v) SOD activity and reductive activity toward both oxygen and superoxide, and (vi) mechanism for its transformation into the binuclear Mn<sup>II</sup> complex with <sup>(H)O</sup>L-L<sup>OH</sup> and its hydroxylated derivatives. The conclusions drawn from potentiometric titrations, low-temperature mass spectrometry, temperature- and pressure-dependent <sup>17</sup>O NMR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, stopped-flow kinetic analyses, and EPR measurements were supported by the structural characterization and quantum chemical analysis of proposed intermediate species. These comprehensive studies enabled us to determine how transiently bound water molecules impact the rate and mechanism of SOD catalysis. Metal-bound water molecules facilitate the PCET necessary for outer-sphere SOD activity. The absence of the water ligand, conversely, enables the inner-sphere reduction of both superoxide and dioxygen. The L<sup>OH</sup> complex maintains its SOD activity in the presence of <sup>•</sup>OH and Mn<sup>IV</sup>-oxo species by channeling these oxidants toward the synthesis of a functionally equivalent binuclear Mn<sup>II</sup> species.
Ferritin: isolation of aluminum-ferritin complex from brain. (1987)

Ferritin was isolated from the livers and brains of two groups of rats, one of which was fed aluminum chloride (100 microM) for 1 year in the drinking water. Brain tissue contained about one-third of the amount of ferritin found in the liver. While brain ferritin from normal rats contained 42.1 +/- 14.3 mol of aluminum, that from the aluminum-fed group contained 115.4 +/- 48.3 mol of aluminum per mol of ferritin. Liver ferritin from both groups contained similar amounts of both aluminum and iron, and the amounts were less than that found associated with brain ferritin. Ferritin isolated from the brains of patients who died of Alzheimer disease contained more aluminum and more iron than that from age-matched controls. Human brain ferritin is composed of two types of subunits--about 70% heavy chain (Mr, 22,000) and 30% light chain (Mr, 19,500). The isoelectric focusing pattern of human brain ferritin was considerably different from that of human liver. Only 5 of the 20 brain ferritin bands migrated similarly to the acidic isoferritins from the liver, and the major component of brain ferritin, representing 30% of the total ferritin, had a pI of 8.0.
Decision fusion by fuzzy set operations (1994)

This paper documents the work on a method for information fusion for the purpose of classification. The decision system proposed is an active system, which does not always fuse the decisions from all the sensors available. The decision module is a fuzzy system, performing the generalized mean operation. The final decision is obtained from the aggregated decision by means of /spl alpha/-cuts. The fusion method developed is applied to the problem of vibration analysis and the fusion results are described. The decisions to be fused are obtained using neural networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Locally enhanced discharges at gas hole outlets of a showerhead in a plasma etching reactor (2008)

Process gases are generally supplied through a showerhead into a plasma etching reactor. Mitigating phenomena such as gas hole erosion in showerheads are a significant issue over the life of a plasma etcher. Phenomena at the gas hole plasma interface are difficult to probe experimentally. Using plasma simulation, we found that locally enhanced discharges may occur at gas hole outlets even at the low process pressure (tens of mTorr). Simulations show that an abnormal discharge may be generated at the gas hole outlet where the gas pressure is much higher than the process pressure. The typical barrel shaped gas hole erosion profile that may evolve over the life of a showerhead can be ascribed to that discharge. Simulations also show that locally enhanced discharges at gas holes of the showerhead can supplement the plasma with energetic electrons resulting in a significant increase in the bulk electron density in the reactor, a fact often ignored in the modelling and simulation of plasma sources containing showerheads.
Urinary Biomarkers Track the Progression of Nephropathy in Hypertensive and Obese Rats (2013)

Urinary biomarkers, such as albumin, fibrinogen, NAG, clusterin, RPA-1 and osteopontin, may serve as useful tools to track the progression of chronic kidney disease associated with hypertension and obesity.
A Portable Load Balancer for Kubernetes Cluster (2018)

Linux containers have become very popular these days due to their lightweight nature and portability. Numerous web services are now deployed as clusters of containers. Kubernetes is a popular container management system that enables users to deploy such web services easily, and hence, it facilitates web service migration to the other side of the world. However, since Kubernetes relies on external load balancers provided by cloud providers, it is difficult to use in environments where there are no supported load balancers. This is particularly true for on-premise data centers, or for all but the largest cloud providers. In this paper, we proposed a portable load balancer that was usable in any environment, and hence facilitated web services migration. We implemented a containerized software load balancer that is run by Kubernetes as a part of container cluster, using Linux kernel's Internet Protocol Virtual Server(IPVS). Then we compared the performance of our proposed load balancer with existing iptables Destination Network Address Translation (DNAT) and the Nginx load balancers. During our experiments, we also clarified the importance of two network conditions to derive the best performance: the first was the choice of the overlay network operation mode, and the second was distributing packet processing to multiple cores. The results indicated that our proposed IPVS load balancer improved portability of web services without sacrificing the performance.
The small glycine‐rich RNA binding protein <i>At</i>GRP7 promotes floral transition in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2008)

The RNA binding protein AtGRP7 is part of a circadian slave oscillator in Arabidopsis thaliana that negatively autoregulates its own mRNA, and affects the levels of other transcripts. Here, we identify a novel role for AtGRP7 as a flowering-time gene. An atgrp7-1 T-DNA mutant flowers later than wild-type plants under both long and short days, and independent RNA interference lines with reduced levels of AtGRP7, and the closely related AtGRP8 protein, are also late flowering, particularly in short photoperiods. Consistent with the retention of a photoperiodic response, the transcript encoding the key photoperiodic regulator CONSTANS oscillates with a similar pattern in atgrp7-1 and wild-type plants. In both the RNAi lines and in the atgrp7-1 mutant transcript levels for the floral repressor FLC are elevated. Conversely, in transgenic plants ectopically overexpressing AtGRP7, the transition to flowering is accelerated mainly in short days, with a concomitant reduction in FLC abundance. The late-flowering phenotype of the RNAi lines is suppressed by introducing the flc-3 loss-of-function mutation, suggesting that AtGRP7 promotes floral transition, at least partly by downregulating FLC. Furthermore, vernalization overrides the late-flowering phenotype. Retention of both the photoperiodic response and vernalization response are features of autonomous pathway mutants, suggesting that AtGRP7 is a novel member of the autonomous pathway.
Designing next-generation platforms for evaluating scientific output: what scientists can learn from the social web (2012)

Traditional pre-publication peer review of scientific output is a slow, inefficient, and unreliable process. Efforts to replace or supplement traditional evaluation models with open evaluation platforms that leverage advances in information technology are slowly gaining traction, but remain in the early stages of design and implementation. Here I discuss a number of considerations relevant to the development of such platforms. I focus particular attention on three core elements that next-generation evaluation platforms should strive to emphasize, including (1) open and transparent access to accumulated evaluation data, (2) personalized and highly customizable performance metrics, and (3) appropriate short-term incentivization of the userbase. Because all of these elements have already been successfully implemented on a large scale in hundreds of existing social web applications, I argue that development of new scientific evaluation platforms should proceed largely by adapting existing techniques rather than engineering entirely new evaluation mechanisms. Successful implementation of open evaluation platforms has the potential to substantially advance both the pace and the quality of scientific publication and evaluation, and the scientific community has a vested interest in shifting toward such models as soon as possible.
A novel modified grey model (2003)

This paper proposes a novel modified grey model GM(l,l), which possesses the characteristics of second-order differential equations. By adopting a remedial term, it could aid the GM(I,I) to reduce the emr which is caused by the non-monotone sequence. In addition, another advantage of the novel modified GM(I,I) is to keep the simple computation and less data properties. Finally, simulation results will demonstrate the advantage of the proposed modified GM(1,l).
[The study of a computer aided artificial teeth arrangement of complete denture]. (2000)

This system can provide a feasible tool for a computer aided complete denture design and teaching.
The production history and geology of the Hacks, Ridenour, Riverview and Chapel breccia pipes, northwestern Arizona (1988)

During the uranium boom of the 1950's, prospectors located uranium in numerous old copper mines and prospects in Paleozoic rocks of the Grand Canyon region of northwestern Arizona. Most of these copper occurrences were later determined by geologists to be in collapse-breccia pipes.
Functional domains of a negative regulatory protein, GAL80, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1989)

To study the functional domains of a transcriptional repressor encoded by the GAL80 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we constructed various deletion and insertion mutations in the GAL80 coding region and determined the ability of these mutations to repress synthesis of galactose-metabolizing enzymes as well as the capacity of the mutant proteins to respond to the inducer. Two regions, from amino acids 1 to 321 and from amino acids 341 to 423, in the total sequence of 435 amino acids were required for repression. The internal region from amino acids 321 to 340 played a role in the response to the inducer. The 12 amino acids at the carboxy terminus were dispensable for normal functioning of the GAL80 protein. Using indirect immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation techniques, we also found that two distinct regions (amino acids 1 to 109 and 342 to 405) within the putative repression domain were capable of directing cytoplasmically synthesized Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase to the yeast nucleus. In addition, three gal80 mutations were mapped at amino acid residues 183, 298, and 310 in the domain required for repression. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the GAL80 protein consists of a repression domain located in two separate regions (amino acid residues 1 to 321 and 341 to 423) that are interrupted by an inducer interaction domain (residues 322 to 340) and two nuclear localization domains (1 to 109 and 342 to 405) that overlap the repression domains.
Transient Analysis and Experiment Considering Unsteady Friction and Leakage in a Pipeline system (2006)

The current paper focuses the analysis of leakage detection in water pipeline systems by means of the transient method. In order to obtain essential data for evaluation the existing methodology, an extensive experimental process has been carried out in a single pipeline system, Several experimental tests were performed with and without a leakage in the system. Using the unsteady friction and improved unsteady friction factors gives reasonable match between the computed and measured results on the condition of the flow situations presented in the paper. The transient method attempts to estimate the leakage in water pipelines using observed pressure data collected during transient events on the system.
Direct detection of the common Mediterranean beta-thalassemia gene with synthetic DNA probes. An alternative approach for prenatal diagnosis. (1983)

The most common form of beta-thalassemia among Mediterraneans results from a single nucleotide substitution within the first intervening sequence (IVS-1) of the beta-globin gene. This particular mutation is not detectable in uncloned DNA by restriction enzyme analysis. Using synthetic DNA of 19-nucleotides in length corresponding to the normal and mutant IVS-1 sequences as probes, we have developed a direct assay for this gene defect. Under carefully controlled experimental conditions these synthetic probes detect only their homologous sequences in restriction digests of both cloned and uncloned DNA samples. The method is sufficiently sensitive to establish the genotype of individuals with respect to this defect using approximately 20 micrograms total DNA. This assay provides an alternative to fetal blood and DNA linkage analysis for the prenatal diagnosis of this variety of beta-thalassemia, particularly among Greek families where it is especially common.
Group C Streptococcal Osteomyelitis (1986)

A case of hematogenous osteomyelitis due to a group C Streptococcus (Streptococcus equisimilis) is presented because of the unusual nature of the infecting organism. Group C streptococci are common pathogens in animals but are infrequent causes of human infections. Of therapeutic concern is the observation that these isolates are frequently penicillin-tolerant. For this reason, it is important to speciate beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates and to perform antimicrobial susceptibility studies.
Printed Graphene Circuits (2007)

Flexible and transparent electronic devices with extremely high mobilities are fabricated from a graphene sheet, a single atomic layer of graphite, by using the transfer printing method. “Printed” graphene circuits achieve field effect mobilities of up to 10000 cm2/Vs at room temperature. Our printing technique is scaleable and a more chemically-gentle process for fabricating high quality graphene, and nanoscale devices in general.
Would transformation of C<sub>3</sub> crop plants with foreign Rubisco increase productivity? A computational analysis extrapolating from kinetic properties to canopy photosynthesis (2004)

ABSTRACT Genetic modification of Rubisco to increase the specificity for CO 2 relative to O 2 ( τ ) would decrease photorespiration and in principle should increase crop productivity. When the kinetic properties of Rubisco from different photosynthetic organisms are compared, it appears that forms with high τ have low maximum catalytic rates of carboxylation per active site ( k c c ). If it is assumed that an inverse relationship between k c c and τ exists, as implied from measurements, and that an increased concentration of Rubisco per unit leaf area is not possible, will increasing τ result in increased leaf and canopy photosynthesis? A steady‐state biochemical model for leaf photosynthesis was coupled to a canopy biophysical microclimate model and used to explore this question. C 3 photosynthetic CO 2 uptake rate ( A ) is either limited by the maximum rate of Rubisco activity ( V cmax ) or by the rate of regeneration of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate, in turn determined by the rate of whole chain electron transport ( J ). Thus, if J is limiting, an increase in τ will increase net CO 2 uptake because more products of the electron transport chain will be partitioned away from photorespiration into photosynthesis. The effect of an increase in τ on Rubisco‐limited photosynthesis depends on both k c c and the concentration of CO 2 ([CO 2 ]). Assuming a strict inverse relationship between k c c and τ , the simulations showed that a decrease, not an increase, in τ increases Rubisco‐limited photosynthesis at the current atmospheric [CO 2 ], but the increase is observed only in high light. In crop canopies, significant amounts of both light‐limited and light‐saturated photosynthesis contribute to total crop carbon gain. For canopies, the present average τ found in C 3 terrestrial plants is supra‐optimal for the present atmospheric [CO 2 ] of 370 µ mol mol −1 , but would be optimal for a CO 2 concentration of around 200 µ mol mol −1 , a value close to the average of the last 400 000 years. Replacing the average Rubisco of terrestrial C 3 plants with one having a lower and optimal τ would increase canopy carbon gain by 3%. Because there are significant deviations from the strict inverse relationship between k c c and τ , the canopy model was also used to compare the rates of canopy photosynthesis for several Rubiscos with well‐defined kinetic constants. These simulations suggest that very substantial increases (> 25%) in crop carbon gain could result if specific Rubiscos having either a higher τ or higher k c c were successfully expressed in C 3 plants.
Stem cell-based biological tooth repair and regeneration (2010)

Teeth exhibit limited repair in response to damage, and dental pulp stem cells probably provide a source of cells to replace those damaged and to facilitate repair. Stem cells in other parts of the tooth, such as the periodontal ligament and growing roots, play more dynamic roles in tooth function and development. Dental stem cells can be obtained with ease, making them an attractive source of autologous stem cells for use in restoring vital pulp tissue removed because of infection, in regeneration of periodontal ligament lost in periodontal disease, and for generation of complete or partial tooth structures to form biological implants. As dental stem cells share properties with mesenchymal stem cells, there is also considerable interest in their wider potential to treat disorders involving mesenchymal (or indeed non-mesenchymal) cell derivatives, such as in Parkinson's disease.