gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Composition of Hemp Seed Oil and Its Potential as an Important Source of Nutrition (2000)

ABSTRACT The fatty acid and natural product content of hemp seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS. The presence of linoleic acid (LA) and a-linolenic acid (LNA) were confirmed in their previously reported ratio of 3:1 LA:LNA. The presence of β-caryophyllene (740 mg/L), myrcene (160 mg/L), β-sitosterol (100-148 g/L) and trace amounts of methyl salicylate was observed in the oil which had not been previously reported. Trace amounts of cannabidiol (CBD) were also detected. Bioassays were performed with the oil to determine its effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent. Some bioactivity was observed during the primary screening.
Magnetoelasticity and internal friction of an amorphous ferromagnetic alloy (1976)

The magnetomechanical behavior of the splat-cooled amorphous alloy Fe75P15C10 has been studied at audio frequencies by a vibrating-reed technique. The ΔE effect exhibits a maximum value at a magnetization near 0.5MS. Such a maximum has only rarely been observed in the past, but now appears to be a general feature of the complete or fully relaxed ΔE effect exhibited in the absence of eddy-current shielding. Attention is drawn to the separation of the ΔE effect into macroscopic, microscopic, and hysteretic contributions, to complement a similar categorization of the internal friction behavior. The ΔE effect of the amorphous alloy can be enhanced to large values (ΔE/E=0.4) by thermal annealing, a behavior attributed to the relief of internal stress and the absence of a strong structural anisotropy. Internal friction measurements made as a function of magnetization, strain amplitude, and frequency reveal the existence of an extra magnetomechanical loss beyond that accounted for by eddy-current damping and Rayleigh-type magnetomechanical hysteresis.
Topology Optimization of Three-Dimensional Structures Using CONLIN Optimizer (2001)

The Convex Linearization method (CONLIN), that is a dual optimizer based on the convex approximation concepts, is often used to solve the structural optimization problem, recently. The CONLIN optimizer has many benefits, for example, the handling of constraint conditions is easy as well as the SLP method, and the performance of convergence is excellent as well as the optimality criteria method (OC). In this paper, the CONLIN optimizer is applied to the topology optimization problem of three-dimensional structures. The density approach is used to obtain the optimum topology, and the filtering method proposed by the author is used to obtain the clearer topology. In the optimization problem, the total volume and the value of the gravity function which is used for the filtering are constrained. The validity of the CONLIN optimizer are clarified by comparing with the OC method. Some examples of bridge design are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CONLIN optimizer for the topology optimization analysis.
Almost 40 Years of Airframe Noise Research: What Did We Achieve? (2010)

With the advent of low noise high bypass ratio turbofan engines airframe noise gained significant importance with respect to the overall aircraft noise impact around airports. Already around 1970 airframe noise, originating from flow around the landing gears and high-lift devices, was recognized as a potential “lower aircraft noise barrier” at approach and landing. Since then, the outcome of extensive acoustic flight tests and aeroacoustic wind tunnel experiments enabled a detailed description and ranking of the major airframe noise sources and the development of noise reduction means. In the last decade advances in numerical and experimental tools led to a better understanding of complex noise source mechanisms. Efficient noise reduction technologies were developed for landing gears while the benefits of high-lift noise reduction means were often compensated by a simultaneous degradation in aerodynamic performance. The focus of this paper is not on the historical sequence of airframe noise research but rather aims to provide a concise survey of the achievements in airframe noise source description and reduction over the last 40 years worldwide. Due to the vast amount of work focused on a variety of airframe noise problems, this review can only provide examples but does not claim to be complete.
Chapter 2 - China (2012)

(2012). Chapter 2 - China. Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games: Vol. 1, Comparative Elite Sport Development, pp. 26-52.
Automatic Translation of English Text to Phonetics by Means of Letter- to-Sound Rules (1976)

Speech synthesizers for computer voice output are most useful when not restricted to a prestored vocabulary. The simplest approach to unrestricted text-to-speech translation uses a small set of letter-to-sound rules, each specifying a pronunciation for one or more letters in some context. Unless this approach yields sufficient intelligibility, routine addition of text-to-speech translation to computer systems in unlikely, since more elaborate approaches embodying large pronunciation dictionaries or linguistic analysis require too much of the available computing resources. The work described here demonstrates the practicality of routine text-to-speech translation. A set of 329 letter-to- sound rules has been developed. These translate English text into the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), producing correct pronunciations for approximately 90% of the words in an average text sample. Most of the remaining 10% have single errors easily correctable by the listener. Another set of rules translates IPA into the phonetic coding for a particular commercial speech synthesizer. This report describes the technical approach used and the support hardware and software developed. It gives overall performance figures, detailed statistics showing the importance of each rule, and listings of a translation program and a program used in rule development.
Metabolic Remodeling of Cell‐Surface Sialic Acids: Principles, Applications, and Recent Advances (2015)

Cell-surface sialic acids are essential in mediating a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Sialic acid chemistry and biology remain challenging to investigate, demanding new tools for probing sialylation in living systems. The metabolic glycan labeling (MGL) strategy has emerged as an invaluable chemical biology tool that enables metabolic installation of useful functionalities into cell-surface sialoglycans by "hijacking" the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Here we review the principles of MGL and its applications in study and manipulation of sialic acid function, with an emphasis on recent advances.
Conservation of Nonpeptide Antigen Recognition by Rhesus Monkey Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells (2003)

We have previously found that monkey Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells mount adaptive immune responses in response to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infections. We have now analyzed rhesus monkey gammadelta T cell responses to nonpeptide Ags and superantigens. Like human Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells, rhesus monkey gammadelta T cells are stimulated when exposed to prenyl pyrophosphate, bisphosphonate, and alkylamine Ags. Responsiveness was limited to gammadelta T cells expressing Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCRs. Rhesus monkey Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells also responded to the superantigen, staphyloccocal enterotoxin A. Sequencing of the rhesus monkey Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR revealed a strong sequence homology to human Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR that preserves important sequence motifs. Moreover, chimeric TCRs that pair human Vgamma2 with monkey Vdelta2 and monkey Vgamma2 with human Vdelta2 retain reactivity to nonpeptide Ags and B cell lymphomas. A molecular model of the rhesus monkey Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR has a basic region in the complementarity-determining region 3 binding groove that is similar to that seen in the human Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR and preserves the topology of the complementarity-determining region loops. Thus, recognition of nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate, bisphosphonate, and alkylamine Ags is conserved in primates suggesting that primates can provide an animal model for human gammadelta T cell Ag responses.
Reduced transceiver-delay for OFDM systems (2005)

In this paper, it is shown that more than half of the data flow buffer, due to a bit reversed FFT output and cyclic prefix in an OFDM transceiver, can be removed. To achieve this, a new pipelined FFT processor is proposed and a cyclic suffix is used instead of the more commonly used cyclic prefix. The FFT processor is used either with a forward or backward data flow, i.e. performing either a decimation in time or a decimation in frequency FFT. However, this approach precludes wordlength optimization in the processor and therefore a semi floating-point arithmetic is used to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio. Total delay through the transceiver is reduced by 25% and for larger transceivers silicon area is reduced by as much as 25%. In addition, the proposed scheme reduces the required amount of memory accesses to insert a cyclic extension, and has the basic properties of a simple interleaver.
Metallocene derivatives of early transition metals. Part 2. Substituted cyclopentadienyl Group 4A dichloro-metallocene complexes [M(η-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>R)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>](M = Zr or Hf; R = Me, Et, Pr<sup>i</sup>, Bu<sup>t</sup>, or SiMe<sub>3</sub>), their mono- and di-alkyl derivatives [M(η-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>R)<sub>2</sub>R′X](X = Cl or R′; R′= CH<sub>2</sub>SiMe<sub>3</sub>or CH<sub>2</sub>CMe<sub>3</sub>), and their d<sup>1</sup>reduction products (1981)

The substituted d0 metallocene dichloro-complexes [M(η-C5H4R)2Cl2](M = TiIV, ZrIV, or HfIV; R = Me, Et, Pri But, or SiMe3), (1)–(11), have been prepared from MCl4 and 2Li[C5H4R] in tetrahydrofuran (thf). From the appropriate dichloride and either (i) MgR′Cl in CH2Cl2 there was obtained the chloro (alkyl)[M(η-C5H4R)2R′Cl](R′= CH2SiMe3) or [Zr(η-C5H5)2(CH2CMe3)Cl], or (ii) alkyl-lithium in OEt2 the dialkyl [M′(η-C5H4R″)2–(CH2XMe3)2](M′= Zr or Hf; R″= H, Me, Et, Pri, or But; X = C or Si), (13)–(16), was produced; treatment of [Hf(η-C5H4But)2Cl2] with BBr3 in CH2Cl2 gave [Hf(η-C5H4But)2Br2]. The 1H n.m.r. spectra of each of the dichlorides (1)–(11) show the ring protons of the C5H4R group as an AA′BB′ or A2B2(R = SiMe3) signal; the dialkyls (13)–(16) show this feature as an A2X2 pattern, whereas in [Hf(η-C5H4But)2(CH2SiMe3)Cl] it appears as ABCD. The 13C n.m.r. spectra show three signals for the corresponding carbon atoms (C5H4R) and the chemical-shift data are compared with results on substituted ferrocenes or benzenes, [Fe(η-C5H4R)2] or C6H5R.Treatment of the complex [M(η-C5H4R)2R′2] with an equimolar portion of Na[C10H8] in thf at 20 °C yields an appropriate d1 dialkylmetal(III) complex, which is persistent for M = Ti or Zr but not for M = Hf, and is characterised by its e.s.r. spectrum [gav., 1.984–1.993; a(1H), 0.175–0.360 mT; a(47/49Ti), 0.720–1.05 mT; a(91Zr), 1.000–2.410 mT] showing coupling with the α protons of the alkyl group R′. As each of these (Zr) dialkyls undergoes irreversible one-electron reduction at a Pt electrode in 0.2 mol dm–3[NBu4][BF4] in thf the above d1 complexes are formulated as [Zr(η-C5H4R)R′2]. Cyclic voltammetry data are provided for several metallocene(IV) complexes: (i) dichlorides {reversible one-electron reduction leading to [M(η-C5H4R)2Cl2]–(M = Zr), and E½red is nearly 1 V more negative than for Ti}; (ii) chloro(alkyls)(irreversible reduction); and (iii) dialkyls (irreversible reduction).
Materialized object-oriented views in MultiView (2002)

Object-oriented view mechanisms have received much attention in the literature in recent years, since they provide powerful mechanisms for addressing tasks such as customized tool interfacing to object-oriented databases (OODBs) and interoperability of heterogeneous databases. However, little progress has been made thus far on addressing the topic of view materialization in object-oriented databases. In the context of the MultiView project, we have developed an object model and an accompanying set of algorithms for the support of updatable materialized views in OODBs. We take advantage of unique features of the MultiView model, including its support for object-preserving queries, the integration of base and virtual classes into a unified and consistent global class hierarchy, and an object-slicing approach. In this paper, we present the MultiView model of materialized views, supporting updates on both base and virtual classes. We also describe a set of efficient algorithms for incremental view maintenance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High sodium chloride concentrations inhibit staphylococcal enterotoxin C gene (sec) expression at the level of sec mRNA (1993)

Expression of the staphylococcal enterotoxin type C gene (sec) is regulated in response to both high NaCl concentrations (osmolarity) and the accessory gene regulator (agr). agr is a global regulator that alters the expression of many genes in Staphylococcus aureus. In this report, we have demonstrated that osmoregulation of sec occurs at the level of mRNA independently of an intact agr allele. Northern (RNA) and Western blot (immunoblot) analyses of samples from cultures grown in low- (0 M NaCl) and high-osmotic-strength (1.2 M NaCl) media revealed that the low-osmotic-strength culture contained approximately 16-fold more SEC and sec mRNA than the high-osmotic-strength culture. sec expression in high-osmotic-strength medium was enhanced when osmoprotective compounds were added. Osmoregulation of sec expression in Agr- strains was also examined; SEC and sec mRNA levels decreased in response to high osmolarity in a manner similar to that seen in the Agr+ strains.
Evaluation of the ECAT EXCAT HR with ACSII for clinical routine 3D measurements (2002)

In recent years considerable interest has been given to 3D PET because of the advantage of increased sensitivity by acquiring radiation in a larger solid angle. Recent commercial PET scanners have the possibility to acquire data in full 3D mode by removing the septa and acquiring data in all possible detector combinations. On the early ECAT EXACT HR systems, the hardware and software only supported 3D data acquisition and reconstruction was done offline on a separate reconstruction workstation. The high computational burden for the reconstruction process and the huge amount of data acquired on the 24 ring system made it difficult to use this scanner for routine 3D PET. For this reason the ECAT EXACT HR system was upgraded recently with new hardware (ACSII) and software (ECAT version 7.0). The major features of the new configuration include: 8 processor reconstruction engine for short image reconstruction times (down to 6 minutes per frame); smart memory board to improve counting performance at higher count rates; data reduction by variable axial slice rebinning (VARB); faster memory-to-disk transfers for fast 3D dynamic scans (sustained frame rate of 5 seconds per frame) In the present paper we report on the evaluation of the new system (referred to as ACSII) which also includes the new operating software with regard to count rate performance, spatial resolution in reconstructed images with respect to the new data reduction scheme, image homogeneity, scatter correction and data handling/reconstruction times. In this work we also compare the factory supplied scatter correction method with the approach we used in reconstructing 3D data acquired with the previous hardware configuration (referred to as ACSI) and the previous reconstruction code (referred to as LB code).
Scheduling Chemotherapy: Catch 22 between Cell Kill and Resistance Evolution (1999)

Dose response curves show that prolonged drug exposure at a low concentration may kill more cells than short exposures at higher drug concentrations, particularly for cell cycle phase specific drugs. Applying drugs at low concentrations for prolonged periods, however, allows cells with partial resistance to evolve higher levels of resistance through stepwise processes such as gene amplification. Models are developed for cell cycle specific (CS) and cell cycle nonspecific (CNS) drugs to identify the schedule of drug application that balances this tradeoff. The models predict that a CS drug may be applied most effectively by splitting the cumulative dose into many (>40) fractions applied by long‐term chemotherapy, while CNS drugs may be better applied in fewer than 10 fractions applied over a shorter term. The model suggests that administering each fraction by continuous infusion may be more effective than giving the drug as a bolus, whether the drug is CS or CNS. In addition, tumors with a low growth fraction or slow rate of cell division are predicted to be controlled more easily with CNS drugs, while those with a high proliferative fraction or fast cell division rate may respond better to CS drugs.
Large Gain, Low Noise Nanocomposite Ultraviolet Photodetectors with a Linear Dynamic Range of 120 dB (2014)

A fullerene-based nanocomposite photodetector with peak quantum efficiency over 400% and specific detectivity of 6.5 × 1012 Jones at a wavelength of 390 nm is enabled by a cross-linked polymer:ZnO nanocomposite buffer layer. The introduced ZnO nanoparticles not only increase the photoconductive gain through a trap-controlled electron injection mechanism, but also effectively reduce the noise current, yielding a record linear dynamic range (LDR) of 120 dB.
Cross-linked hemoglobin solution as a resuscitative fluid after hemorrhage in the rat. (1991)

Intramolecularly (alpha-alpha) cross-linked hemoglobin has been reported to have oxygen transport properties similar to those of whole blood. The present study evaluated the efficacy of diaspirin alpha-alpha cross-linked hemoglobin solution as a resuscitation fluid, with heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and transcutaneous oxygen tension as the study parameters. Rats were bled and approximately one third of their total blood volume (20 ml/kg) was removed while they were anesthetized; they were then resuscitated with 14% hemoglobin solution. Animals that received either 10 mg/kg (n = 10) or 20 mg/kg (n = 10) of hemoglobin solution responded quickly and positively to the infusions: mean arterial pressure (which had dropped to less than 40% of prehemorrhage levels) returned to baseline within 2 minutes of initiating infusion; by 4 minutes, the mean arterial pressures of the hemoglobin-infused groups were significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) than those in both the autologous shed blood (n = 8) and lactated Ringer's (n = 10) groups. The heart rate and transcutaneous oxygen tension responses in both the half-volume and full-volume replacement hemoglobin groups matched the response to autologous shed blood throughout the hour of observation. The favorable hemodynamic response to infusion of cross-linked hemoglobin solution after hemorrhage suggests that this material is comparable to autologous shed blood and superior to lactated Ringer's solution as a resuscitative fluid as assessed in this model.
Cutting Edge: Critical Role for A2A Adenosine Receptors in the T Cell-Mediated Regulation of Colitis (2006)

A(2A) adenosine receptors (A(2A)AR) inhibit inflammation, although the mechanisms through which adenosine exerts its effects remain unclear. Although the transfer of regulatory Th cells blocks colitis induced by pathogenic CD45RB(high) Th cells, we show that CD45RB(low) or CD25+ Th cells from A(2A)AR-deficient mice do not prevent disease. Moreover, CD45RB(high) Th cells from A(2A)AR-deficient mice were not suppressed by control CD45RB(low) Th cells. A(2A)AR agonists suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines by CD45RB(high) and CD45RB(low) T cells in association with a loss of mRNA stability. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-beta, were minimally affected. Oral administration of the A(2A)AR agonist ATL313 attenuated disease in mice receiving CD45RB(high) Th cells. These data suggest that A(2A)AR play a novel role in the control of T cell-mediated colitis by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines while sparing anti-inflammatory activity mediated by IL-10 and TGF-beta.
Effect of Asynchronous Superinduction on Embryo Survival and Range of Blastocyst Development in Swine1 (1986)

The importance of uniform development of blastocysts was examined by comparing the effects of asynchronous superinduction (Day 6 embryos into Day 7 pregnant recipients and Day 7 embryos into Day 6 pregnant recipients) on the range of embryo development at Days 12 and 13 to subsequent survival to Day 30. Twenty gilts were used to produce five Day 7 recipients that received Day 6 embryos and five Day 6 recipients that received Day 7 embryos. Embryos from the Day 7 and Day 6 recipients were examined 6 days later. Recovered embryos ranged morphologically from spherical to filamentous blastocysts. This range of embryos was within the limits of that previously observed for naturally mated sows. However, recovered blastocysts from the Day 6 embryos transferred into Day 7 recipients were morphologically more variable and proportionately less developed than the blastocysts from the Day 7 embryos transferred into Day 6 recipients. Forty additional gilts were subsequently utilized to generate 20 recipients (10 recipients per transfer group) that were examined on Day 30. More Day 7 embryos transferred into Day 6 recipients survived (p less than 0.05) than Day 6 embryos transferred into Day 7 recipients. These experiments suggested that greater variation in early development of embryos, within litters, subsequently resulted in greater mortality of embryos.
A Malware Classification Method Based on Similarity of Function Structure (2012)

Malicious software (Malware) in form of Internet worms, computer viruses, and trojan horses poses a major threat to the security of network systems. Identification of malware variants provides great benefit in early detection. Taking into account that variants of malware families share similar functions reflecting its origin and purpose, we propose a method focusing on the features of functions that a malware program consists of. In our method, the feature database is created based on the analysis of known malware programs, and functions in unknown programs are compared to the content of the database to determine the program belong to what family. To decrease the cost of the calculation of similarity, we use a filtering algorithm based on one-class SVM to filter out functions which have small influence in determining the family. We evaluated the approach using 32 categorized malware samples and 113 malware samples to be classified. In the experiment, it is shown that our approach effectively reduce the time for calculation while the accuracy is not deteriorated too much.