gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD19 Amplification of B Lymphocyte Ca2+ Responses (2001)

B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) signals are regulated by CD19, with BCR-induced intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) responses enhanced by CD19 co-ligation. In this study, CD19 engagement using a dimeric anti-CD19 antibody induced [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization and significantly enhanced BCR-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses without a requirement for CD19/BCR co-ligation. Although simultaneous CD19 and BCR engagement significantly enhanced CD19/Lyn complex formation and [Ca(2+)](i) responses, downstream tyrosine phosphorylation of CD22 and multiple other cellular proteins was inhibited, as was SHP1 recruitment to phosphorylated CD22. CD19 overexpression also enhanced BCR-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses, but down-regulated tyrosine phosphorylation of CD22 and multiple other cellular proteins following BCR ligation. Because CD19 and Lyn expression are genetically titrated in B cells, CD19 engagement may augment BCR-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses by sequestering the available pool of functional Lyn away from downstream negative regulatory proteins such as CD22. Consistent with this, simultaneous CD19 engagement did not further enhance the BCR-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses of Lyn- or CD22-deficient B cells. Thus, CD19 recruitment of Lyn may preferentially activate selective signaling pathways downstream of the CD19/Lyn complex to the exclusion of other downstream regulatory and effector pathways. Other receptors may also utilize a similar strategy to regulate kinase availability and downstream intermolecular signaling.
Promoter CpG methylation of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer and its relationship to clinical features (2004)

Aberrant promoter methylation of CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes inhibits expression of the genes and may lead to tumorigenesis. We investigated the aberrant methylation profile of potential tumor suppressor genes of p15, p16, SOCS-1, and Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancers and correlated the data with clinical findings. Cancerous and nearby non-cancerous tissues of 185 sporadic colorectal cancer samples were studied. Methylation specific PCR was performed to explore the mechanism of inactivation in p15, p16, SOCS-1, E-cadherin, APC, GSK-3beta, and Axin1 genes. Aberrant promoter methylation in p15, p16, SOCS-1, E-cadherin, APC, GSK-3beta, and Axin1 genes were 5.9, 7.0, 3.8, 5.9, 12.4, 2.2, and 0% for cancerous tissues, respectively, whereas the frequencies were 3.8, 0, 0, 7.0, 2.7, 0.5, and 0% for nearby non-cancerous tissues, respectively. The frequency of aberrant promoter methylation of cancerous tissues was significant higher than non-cancerous tissues in p16, SOCS-1, and APC genes (p<0.05) and methylation status of these genes had no clear relationship with clinical parameters. Of the 66 patients who showed at least one aberrant promoter methylation in the tumor-suppressor genes, 5 (7.6%) patients demonstrated multiple methylation phenotype (methylation > or =3) and associated with increased lymph node metastasis (p=0.036). Our findings suggest that inactivation of some tumor suppressor genes through aberrant promoter methylation of CpG islands may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer and methylation inactivation of these genes except p16 and SOCS1 may occur at the precancerous stage. Multiple methylation pathways may be involved in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer and associated with aggressiveness of clinical disease.
The pathophysiology of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after urinary diversion through intestinal segments. (1985)

The pathophysiology of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after urinary diversion through intestinal segments has not been defined. This study employs a canine model in which an ileal segment is interposed between one kidney and the urinary bladder. Comparison of urinary solute excretion rates between the normal and interposed renal units allows quantitation of solute reabsorption and secretion by the ileal segment. Ileal segments reabsorb urinary chloride, potassium, and ammonium. Ammonium is reabsorbed in part as its conjugate free base, ammonia, with the liberated hydrogen ion reabsorbed with chloride or excreted as titratable acid. Inability to excrete acid as ammonium results in depletion of body buffers and a diminished capacity to compensate an additional acid challenge. Bicarbonate is secreted by the ileal segments but not in amounts that are physiologically significant. Impaired renal function predisposes to the development of this syndrome but is not a primary pathophysiologic mechanism.
Development of a robust 2T-SONOS cell for embedded flash application (2012)

In this paper, optimization and physical scaling of the SONOS ONO triple layer are extensively evaluated, with detailed characterization of the Flash cell behavior. Reliability tests have demonstrated high temperature endurance and long-term data retention. The results have shown that the reliability requirement is attainable even with down scaling of the vertical component of the oxynitride charge trapping layer, which makes it feasible to operate the cell at a lower programming voltage. Low leakage performance at high temperature(175°C) and a significant shrinkage in lateral geometry of a 2T-SONOS cell are demonstrated in a 0.13μm technology platform. Extensive characterization of data retention and endurance with respect to the threshold voltage and cell current degradation as well as cell disturbance in a flash array has been performed. The results have shown that a highly promising 2T-SONOS cell for application in embedded Flash, based on the modified Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling concept, is demonstrated.
A review of methods for the production and use of monoclonal antibodies to study zoosporic plant pathogens (1991)

SUMMARY For many species of Oomycetes, the infection of host plants is initiated by motile biflagellate zoospores. In recent years, studies of these zoospores have utilized monoclonal antibodies directed towards a variety of zoospore components. Although only two species of fungi, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pythium aphanidermatum , have been used for immunization and initial screening, the reactions of these antibodies with over thirty species of fungi in the Peronosporales or Saprolegniales have now been determined. The present paper reviews the methods employed to produce the monoclonal antibodies and to use them to study the biology of the zoospores and the infection process. The lack of a cell wall means that fixation protocols for zoospores for immunization and screening must be chosen carefully so that cell‐surface or intracellular sites will be accessible to the antibodies. The inclusion of glutaraldehyde in the fixative helps keep the zoospore plasma membrane as intact as possible, and screening with cells fixed in the presence of glutaraldehyde selects for antibodies that bind to the surface of the zoospores. Five different patterns of labelling to the zoospore surface have been found. Other antibodies bind with three distinct patterns to the surface of zoospores and/or cysts. The use of formaldehyde alone in the fixative solution allows fragmentation of the plasma membrane and the exposure of intracellular components. In P. cinnamomi attempts to obtain antibodies directed against intracellular antigens were hampered by the presence of an immunologically dominant component that is stored in small vesicles in the zoospore cortex and secreted onto the surface of cysts. This problem was resolved by immunotolerizing mice neonatally before proceeding with immunization 2 months later. Antibodies directed towards a number of novel sites were obtained in this way. Monoclonal antibodies generated by these methods have been used to identify taxonomically specific spore components, to locate surface molecules that might be responsible for the induction of zoospore encystment and to characterize molecules involved in spore adhesion to potential hosts.
Accuracy of protein flexibility predictions (1994)

Protein structural flexibility is important for catalysis, binding, and allostery. Flexibility has been predicted from amino acid sequence with a sliding window averaging technique and applied primarily to epitope search. New prediction parameters were derived from 92 refined protein structures in an unbiased selection of the Protein Data Bank by developing further the method of Karplus and Schulz (Naturwissenschaften 72:212-213, 1985). The accuracy of four flexibility prediction techniques was studied by comparing atomic temperature factors of known three-dimensional protein structures to predictions by using correlation coefficients. The size of the prediction window was optimized for each method. Predictions made with our new parameters, using an optimized window size of 9 residues in the prediction window, were giving the best results. The difference from another previously used technique was small, whereas two other methods were much poorer. Applicability of the predictions was also tested by searching for known epitopes from amino acid sequences. The best techniques predicted correctly 20 of 31 continuous epitopes in seven proteins. Flexibility parameters have previously been used for calculating protein average flexibility indices which are inversely correlated to protein stability. Indices with the new parameters showed better correlation to protein stability than those used previously; furthermore they had relationship even when the old parameters failed.
View-Dependent, Scalable Texture Streaming in 3-D QoS With MPEG-4 Visual Texture Coding (2004)

Multimedia applications are characterized by high resource demands (computing power, memory, network bandwidth, and power consumption). Efficient implementations aim at reducing these resources to a minimum, which is of the utmost importance for small, low-cost terminals in low-bandwidth networks. Resource savings can also be obtained by content adaptation without impeding the quality of the decoded audio-visual media. In this context, the paper analyzes texture adaptation and streaming for three-dimensional applications, using MPEG-4's Visual Texture Coding tool, in conjunction with eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based description techniques. Augmented features for content adaptation are supported, such as region selection, accompanied by resolution and SNR settings. As a result, quality is optimized for the terminal's computing capabilities and display resolution, taking the user's viewing conditions into account. Moreover, the instantaneous bandwidth utilization is highly reduced in streaming scenarios.
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources based on synchrotron radiation (2002)

The production of extreme ultraviolet radiation (13.5 nm or 11.3 nm wavelength) by relativistic electrons as a source for the Next Generation Lithography (NGL) based on the EUV-concept (13.5 nm or 11.3 nm wavelength) is discussed. The requirements of the lithography community are as follows: output power of 50 to 150 W within 2 % bandwidth and a maximum of 500 W outside this bandwidth. It is shown that among all other synchrotron radiation devices only a free electron laser (minimum beam energy 500 MeV) can (under certain circumstances) fulfil these requirements.
Dibenzofuran. XIII. Orientation and Substituted Amines (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDibenzofuran. XIII. Orientation and Substituted AminesHenry. Gilman, Paul T. Parker, James C. Bailie, and George E. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 10, 2836–2845Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01265a080RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High-Throughput Montgomery Modular Multiplication (2006)

The efficiency of public key encryption schemes like RSA and elliptic curve cryptography can be improved using fast modular multiplication schemes. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient Montgomery modular multiplication technique that employs multi-bit shifting and carry-save addition to perform long-integer arithmetic and hence conventional lengthy additions required at each stage are avoided. The corresponding hardware realization is optimal in terms of delay and offers high data throughput compared to the recently proposed designs while it occupies slightly more area. The optimization is technology independent and thus should suit well for not only FPGA implementation but also ASIC. The design has been evaluated on Virtex2 series FPGA for practical bit lengths of 512,1024 and 2048 bit
Gabor representation and signal detection (1998)

A common assumption in studies on Gabor based signal detection is that the Gabor representation of the signal is sparse, in the sense that the vector of Gabor coefficients contains only a few nonzero entries at known locations. Under this assumption the problem of detecting a Gabor transient becomes the problem of detecting a subspace signal in background noise. Extending the theory of matched subspace detection to complex signals, we derive matched subspace detectors for this problem and discuss their optimality. We investigate the sensitivity of matched subspace detectors to mismatch in the model parameters. Motivated by the sensitivity analysis, we develop robust matched subspace detectors and analyze their performance.KeywordsFalse Alarm ProbabilitySubspace SignalConstant False Alarm RateLeft InverseGeneralize Likelihood Ratio TestThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Copper Alloys for Human Infectious Disease Control (2005)

Several bacteria, known to be human pathogens, die when placed on copper alloy surfaces. The concentration of live bacteria drops from several orders of magnitude to zero on copper alloys in a few hours. In marked contrast, no reduction is seen in the concentration of live organisms on stainless steel during the six-hour test period. The copper alloys tested include high coppers, brasses, bronzes, copper -nickels and copper-nickel-zincs. The bacteria tested include E. coil O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, both food-borne pathogens associated with several large-scale food recalls, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS A), a serious hospital-acquired infection. The study results suggest the selection of copper alloys for surfaces exposed to human touch or food contact. Using copper alloys in this manner can materially assist in reducing the transmission of potentially infectious organisms.
Women's Quest For Occupational Equality: The Case Of Jewish Female Agricultural Workers in Pre-State Israel (1996)

There is a common belief that Israeli women have achieved gender equality over and above that attained in America and European countries. Evidence cited to support this is the fact that women routinely serve in the Israeli army and the country elected a woman, Golda Meir, as prime minister. Equality between men and women is claimed to date back to the days at the beginning of the century when both sexes worked shoulder to shoulder in road construction and land reclamation (Bernstein, 1992: 2). The years 1904–14 and 1919–23, known in Zionist history as the Second and Third Aliyah (waves of immigration), were indeed formative times during which the dominant values of the society were shaped and the infrastructure of future organizations was laid (Eisenstadt, 1967; Izraeli, 1981). The immigrants who arrived during this period, known as halutzim (male pioneers) and halutzot (female pioneers) were idealistic nationalists from Eastern Europe. They were young and single, and came with the express purpose of rebuilding Zion and creating a new type of egalitarian and labor-oriented society.
Emerging terawatt picosecond CO/sub 2/ laser technology and possible applications in accelerator physics (2002)

The first terawatt picosecond (TWps) CO/sub 2/ laser is under construction at the BNL Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). TWps-CO/sub 2/ lasers, having the order of magnitude longer wavelength than the well-known table-top terawatt solid state lasers, offer new opportunities for the strong-field physics research. For processes based on electron quiver motion, such as laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), the advantage of the new class of lasers is due to a gain of two orders of magnitude in the ponderomotive potential for the same peak power. The large average power capability of CO/sub 2/ lasers is important for the generation of hard radiation through Compton back-scattering of the laser off energetic electron beams, as well as for other applications. Among them are: LWFA modules of a tentative electron-positron collider, /spl gamma/-/spl gamma/ (or /spl gamma/-lepton) collider, a possible "table-top" source of high-intensity X-rays and gamma rays and the generation of polarized positron beams.
A two‐dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma proteins (1997)

The master two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma cells currently lists cellular proteins from normal crypts and the colorectal cancer cell lines LIM 1863, LIM 1215 and LIM 1899 (Ward et al., Electrophoresis 1990, 11, 883-891; Ji et al., Electrophoresis 1994, 15, 391-405). Updated two-dimensional electrophoretic (2-DE) maps of cellular proteins from LIM 1215 cells, acquired under both nonreducing and reducing conditions, are presented. Fifteen cellular proteins are identified in the reducing 2-DE gel map, and seven in the nonreducing gel map, along with a tabular listing of their M(r)/pI loci and mode of identification. We also include our mass spectrometric based procedures for identifying 2-DE resolved proteins. This procedure relies on a combination of capillary column (0.10-0.32 mm internal diameter) reversed-phase HPLC peptide mapping of in-gel digested proteins, peptide mass fingerprinting, sequence analysis by either collision-induced dissociation or post-source-decay fragmentation, and protein identification using available database search algorithms. These data, and descriptions of the micro-techniques employed in this laboratory for identifying 2-DE resolved proteins can be accessed via the internet URL: http:(/)/www.ludwig.edu.au.
A load-balancing scheme based on Bloom Filters (2010)

Traditional intrusion detection equipments hardly satisfy the application requirements as the data rates of modern networks rise. Adaptive load balancing algorithm (Adaptive HRW Hashing) may make attacks undetected due to flow remapping. So, the load balancing algorithms in network intrusion detection system (NIDS) are firstly studied, and then a load balancing algorithm based on Bloom Filters is proposed. Experimental data shows that the algorithm has the similar load balancing effect, but with a lower rate of flow remapping.
Insulin Resistance: A Metabolic Pathway to Chronic Liver Disease * (2005)

Insulin resistance (IR) is the pathophysiological hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in Western countries. We review the definition of IR, the methods for the quantitative assessment of insulin action, the pathophysiology of IR, and the role of IR in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Increased free fatty acid flux from adipose tissue to nonadipose organs, a result of abnormal fat metabolism, leads to hepatic triglyceride accumulation and contributes to impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in muscle and in the liver. Several factors secreted or expressed in the adipocyte contribute to the onset of a proinflammatory state, which may be limited to the liver or more extensively expressed throughout the body. IR is the common characteristic of the metabolic syndrome and its related features. It is a systemic disease affecting the nervous system, muscles, pancreas, kidney, heart, and immune system, in addition to the liver. A complex interaction between genes and the environment favors or enhances IR and the phenotypic expression of NAFLD in individual patients. Advanced fibrotic liver disease is associated with multiple features of the metabolic syndrome, and the risk of progressive liver disease should not be underestimated in individuals with metabolic disorders. Finally, the ability of insulin-sensitizing, pharmacological agents to treat NAFLD by reducing IR in the liver (metformin) and in the periphery (thiazolidinediones) are discussed.
Stability and Repeat Regeneration Potential of the Engineered Liver Tissues under the Kidney Capsule in Mice (2005)

Liver tissue engineering using hepatocyte transplantation has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative to liver transplantation toward several liver diseases. We have previously reported that stable liver tissue with the potential for liver regeneration can be engineered at extrahepatic sites by transplanting mature hepatocytes into an extracellular matrix. The present study was aimed at assessing the liver tissue persistence after induced regeneration by hepatectomy and repeat regeneration potential induced by repeat hepatectomy. Mouse isolated hepatocytes mixed in EHS extracellular matrix gel were transplanted under both kidney capsules of isogenic mice. The hepatocyte survival persisted for over 25 weeks. In some of the mice, we confirmed that the grafted hepatocytes developed a thin layer of liver tissues under the kidney capsule, determined by specific characteristics of differentiated hepatocytes in cord structures between the capillaries. We then assessed the regenerative potential and persistence of the exogenous liver tissue. To induce liver regeneration, we performed a two-thirds hepatectomy at 70 days after hepatocyte transplantation. Three weeks after this procedure, the engineered liver tissues showed active regeneration, reaching serum marker protein levels of 261 +/- 42% of the prehepatectomy level. We found that the regenerated liver tissue was stably maintained for 100 days (length of the experiment). Repeat regeneration potential was established by performing a repeat hepatectomy (that had been two-thirds hepatectomized at day 70) 60 days after the initial hepatectomy. Again, the regenerated engineered liver tissues showed active regeneration as there was an approximately twofold increase in the serum marker protein levels. The present studies demonstrate that liver tissue, which was recognized as a part of the host naive liver in terms of the regeneration profile, could be engineered at a heterologous site that does not have access to the portal circulation.