gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an endogenous decoy receptor in tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cells (2004)

We examined the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) on tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS). OPG protein concentrations in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) correlated with those of interleukin (IL)-1beta or IL-6. A similar correlation was present between IL-1beta and IL-6 concentrations. Rheumatoid FLS in vitro expressed both death domain-containing receptors [death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5] and decoy receptors [decoy receptor 1 (DcR1) and DcR2]. DR4 expression on FLS was weak compared with the expression of DR5, DcR1 and DcR2. Recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) rapidly induced apoptosis of FLS. DR5 as well as DR4 were functional with regard to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis induction in FLS; however, DR5 appeared be more efficient than DR4. In addition to soluble DR5 (sDR5) and sDR4, OPG administration significantly inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptogenic activity. OPG was identified in the culture supernatants of FLS, and its concentration increased significantly by the addition of IL-1beta in a time-dependent manner. Neither IL-6 nor tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha increased the production of OPG from FLS. TRAIL-induced apoptogenic activity towards FLS was reduced when rTRAIL was added without exchanging the culture media, and this was particularly noticeable in the IL-1beta-stimulated FLS culture; however, the sensitivity of FLS to TRAIL-induced apoptosis itself was not changed by IL-1beta. Interestingly, neutralization of endogenous OPG by adding anti-OPG monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to FLS culture restored TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that OPG is an endogenous decoy receptor for TRAIL-induced apoptosis of FLS. In addition, IL-1beta seems to promote the growth of rheumatoid synovial tissues through stimulation of OPG production, which interferes with TRAIL death signals in a competitive manner.
Matching 3-D line segments with applications to multiple-object motion estimation (1990)

A two-stage algorithm for matching line segments using three-dimensional data is presented. In the first stage, a tree-search based on the orientation of the line segments is applied to establish potential matches. the sign ambiguity of line segments is fixed by a simple congruency constraint. In the second stage, a Hough clustering technique based on the position of line segments is applied to verify potential matches. Any paired line segments of a match that cannot be brought to overlap by the translation determined by the clustering are removed from the match. Unlike previous methods, this algorithm combats noise more effectively, and ensures the global consistency of a match. While the original motivation for the algorithm is multiple-object motion estimation from stereo image sequences, the algorithm can also be applied to other domains, such as object recognition and object model construction from multiple views.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Randomization (1987)

Randomization refers to the selection of an element a, from a set A, according to some probability distribution P on A.
Multiagent and event driven based dynamic collision avoidance for an autonomous mobile robot (2002)

Obstacle avoidance and other functional behaviors for autonomous mobile robot navigation usually play an independent role in a robot system. The cooperation between two or more functional behavior modules is loose relatively. As the navigation system becomes more complicated, the codes for various functional behaviors may become immense and redundant. In this paper, we propose a multiagent with event driven obstacle avoidance system (MEDOAS) for mobile robot navigation. The MEDOAS decomposes a behavior module, such as obstacle avoidance, into several primitive processing agents. The agent cooperates with others by communicating through a shared information memory. A central controller switches the agent activity by event driving rules. Based on MEDOAS more behavior modules can be achieved by adding new primitive agent to cooperate with the existing agents. Experimental results demonstrate the MEDOAS system capable of navigating a mobile robot through the cluttered environment efficiently.
Crystal Structure of Cel44A, a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 44 Endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum (2007)

The crystal structure of Cel44A, which is one of the enzymatic components of the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum, was solved at a resolution of 0.96 A. This enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase family (GH family) 44. The structure reveals that Cel44A consists of a TIM-like barrel domain and a beta-sandwich domain. The wild-type and the E186Q mutant structures complexed with substrates suggest that two glutamic acid residues, Glu(186) and Glu(359), are the active residues of the enzyme. Biochemical experiments were performed to confirm this idea. The structural features indicate that GH family 44 belongs to clan GH-A and that the reaction catalyzed by Cel44A is retaining type hydrolysis. The stereochemical course of hydrolysis was confirmed by a (1)H NMR experiment using the reduced cellooligosaccharide as a substrate.
Smarter searching for a network packet database (2010)

Bioinformatics has developed some very sophisticated algorithms used for searching within the large amounts of data produced by sequencing projects. Introduced here is a method that leverages these algorithms for processing computer network data traffic to find and classify information in a way that avoids many of the operations that are required of more traditional methods of processing network data packets. It can be used to avoid processing the data through a protocol stack in order to extract the content to make it ready for searching as well as being able to a access the advanced search capabilities developed for biological data. Raw data (for example whole Ethernet packets or strings/ motifs) can be directly searched for within a database of structure signatures to indicate packets of interest via structures within the query packet. The structures referred to here are the “patterns of patterns” within the data. This paper describes the results obtained by creating a searchable database based on bioinformatics techniques and searching it using sample data.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Integration of Remotely Sensed Data with Geographic Information Systems (1987)

Although databases for geographic information systems (GIS) have been developed to manage digital map data, the integration of remotely sensed imagery and other collateral non-map information is rarely performed. For the most part, the use of sophisticated intelligent spatial databases, in which the user can query interactively about map, terrain, or associated imagery, is unknown in the GIS and cartographic community. In standard GIS systems, the ability to formulate complex queries requiring dynamic computation of factual and geometric properties is severely limited, often reflecting its origin as collections of thematic map overlays. Spatial database research requires the integration of ideas and techniques from many disciplines such as computer graphics, computational geometry, database methodology, image analysis, photogrammetry, and artificial intelligence. In this paper we discuss some ideas on how the scope of geographic information systems can be expanded by utilizing techniques from the Al community that may remedy deficiencies in user interfaces, spatial data representation, and its utilization. We draw on ongoing research at Carnegie Mellon University for examples of these techniques in the areas of image/map database and knowledge-based image interpretation.
A traffic situation analysis system (2011)

The observation and monitoring of traffic with smart visions systems for the purpose of improving traffic safety has a big potential. For example embedded vision systems built into vehicles can be used as early warning systems, or stationary camera systems can modify the switching frequency of signals at intersections. Today the automated analysis of traffic situations is still in its infancy - the patterns of vehicle motion and pedestrian flow in an urban environment are too complex to be fully understood by a vision system. We present steps towards such a traffic monitoring system which is designed to detect potentially dangerous traffic situations, especially incidents in which the interaction of pedestrians and vehicles might develop into safety critical encounters. The proposed system is field-tested at a real pedestrian crossing in the City of Vienna for the duration of one year. It consists of a cluster of 3 smart cameras, each of which is built from a very compact PC hardware system in an outdoor capable housing. Two cameras run vehicle detection software including license plate detection and recognition, one camera runs a complex pedestrian detection and tracking module based on the HOG detection principle. As a supplement, all 3 cameras use additional optical flow computation in a low-resolution video stream in order to estimate the motion path and speed of objects. This work describes the foundation for all 3 different object detection modalities (pedestrians, vehi1cles, license plates), and explains the system setup and its design.
Human papillomavirus genotype 16 vaccines for cervical cancer prophylaxis and treatment (2000)

More than 11% of the global cancer incidence in females is due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, with HPV genotype 16 the most prevalent viral type to infect the cervix. Vaccine strategies currently target HPV 16 genes E6 and E7, constitutively expressed in cervical cancer cells, and L1 and L2, HPV surface antigens. Recent developments in HPV vaccine research are reviewed. Most studies focus on vaccine models showing improved immunogenicity or dual induction of both humeral and cellular systems. Preclinical studies show that (1) L1 /E7 chimeric viral-like proteins induce both neutralizing L1 antibodies and E7-specific T cells; (2) rerouting a cytosolic tumor antigen into the endosomal/lysosomal compartment can improve the therapeutic potency of DNA vaccines; and (3) accelerated E7 protein degradation leads to enhanced antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatability complex class I. Clinical studies show that (1) HPV 16 E7 peptide vaccination can be safely delivered to patients with terminal disease; and (2) HPV-16 capsid proteins harbor at least one HLA-A*201 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope.
An improved method for stereo acoustic echo canceling (2004)

The paper introduces an improved version of the well-known frequency-domain LMS. We cope with the correlation problem by choosing the step-size according to the correlation factor and by using a novel delay-and-add algorithm which makes use of changes in the transmission room. The combination of these techniques allows the distortion of the loudspeaker signal to be minimized.
Detection of microgels in polyacrylamide solutions using microcapillary flow analysis (1987)

A new technique for quantifying the amount of multimolecular microgel material in water-soluble polymers is described. The enhanced velocity of the large microgels during flow through a 25 μm capillary is the basis for a separation between the microgels and dissolved polymer. With the use of laser-excited fluorescence detection, the arrival of fluorescently-tagged polyacrylamide samples at a downstream location is recorded. The presence of small amounts of microgel has a deleterious effect on the ability to filter polymer solutions. Analysis of samples before and after filtration suggests that a significant amount of microgel material above 8 μm in diameter is present in samples that exhibit poor filterability characteristics. Treatment of a sample with base is found to improve filterability and to decrease the amount of microgel in the sample.
Radical Alkylation of Imines with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines Enabled by Photoredox/Brønsted Acid Cocatalysis (2017)

Radical alkylation of imines with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines cocatalyzed by iridium/ruthenium complex and Brønsted acid under visible light irradiation has been achieved. Both aldimines and ketimines can undergo this transformation. Common functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, ester, amide, ether, cyanide, and heterocycles, can be tolerated in this reaction. A variety of structurally diverse amines (57 examples) have been produced with up to 98% isolated yields using this method.
Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone (2002)

Field tests were performed on two types of diffusion samplers to collect representative samples of inorganic constituents from ground water in wells and at an arsenic-contaminated ground-water-discharge zone beneath a stream. Nylon-screen samplers and dialysis samplers were tested for the collection of arsenic, calcium, chloride, iron, manganese, sulfate, and dissolved oxygen. The investigations were conducted at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP), Fridley, Minnesota, and at the Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base (NAS Fort Worth JRB), Texas. Data indicate that, in general, nylon-screen and dialysis diffusion samplers are capable of obtaining concentrations of inorganic solutes in ground water that correspond to concentrations obtained by low-flow sampling. Diffusion samplers offer a potentially time-saving approach to well sampling. Particular care must be taken, however, when sampling for iron and other metals, because of the potential for iron precipitation by oxygenation and when dealing with chemically stratified sampling intervals. Simple nylon-screen jar samplers buried beneath creekbed sediment appear to be effective tools for locating discharge zones of arsenic contaminated ground water. Although the LDPE samplers have proven to be inexpensive and simple to use in wells, they are limited by their inability to provide a representative sample of ionic solutes. The success of nylon-screen samplers in sediment studies suggests that these simple samplers may be useful for collecting water samples for inorganic constituents in wells. Results using dialysis bags deployed in wells suggest that these types of samplers have the potential to provide a representative sample of both VOCs and ionic solutes from ground water (Kaplan and others, 1991; Theodore A. Ehlke, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2001). The purpose of this report is to provide results of field tests investigating the potential to use diffusion samplers to collect representative samples of inorganic constituents from ground water in wells and at an arsenic-contaminated ground-water-discharge zone beneath a stream. The investigations were performed at NIROP, Fridley, Minn. (fig. 1) and at NAS Fort Worth JRB, Texas (fig. 2). Two types of samplers were tested. One type was a nylon-screen sampler, which consisted of a 30-mL jar filled with deionized water, with its opening covered by a nylon screen. The second type was a dialysis sampler that consisted of a tube of dialysis membrane filled with deionized water. The nylon-screen samplers were deployed in wells at NIROP Fridley and NAS Fort Worth JRB and beneath the ground-water/surface water interface of a stream at NAS Fort Worth JRB. The dialysis samplers were deployed only in wells at NAS Fort Worth JRB.
Optimizing query answering in description logics using disjunctive deductive databases (2003)

Motivated by the possibilities of applying deductive database technology for efficient query answering in description logics, we present a translation operator µ that transforms non-recursive ALC ontologies into a disjunctive deductive database. Contrary to our previous work, in this paper we focus on handling negation, disjunction and existential quantifiers, which cannot be handled by deductive databases in a straightforward manner. We present a performance evaluation of our approach, confirming the intuition that techniques for optimizing query answering in disjunctive deductive databases may improve query answering in description logics. 1
Single-crystal H<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>nanowires: a competitive anode with large capacity for aqueous lithium-ion batteries (2010)

Single-crystal H2V3O8 nanowires with a width of ∼50 nm were fabricated by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and SEM, TEM, TGA, XRD, XPS were used to characterize their morphology and structure details. The possibility of using this material as an anode candidate for aqueous lithium-ion batteries was investigated for the first time. CV and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements indicated that the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+ in this material in aqueous electrolyte is highly reversible. A discharge capacity of 234 mAh g−1 can be obtained for the synthesized H2V3O8 nanowires at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 in aqueous solution of 5 M LiNO3 and 0.001 M LiOH, much larger than the available capacities (less than 110 mAh g−1) of other vanadium oxides in aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, the H2V3O8 nanowires can be charge/discharged upon 50 cycles with nearly no capacity loss in organic electrolyte and a capacity retention over 70% in aqueous electrolyte, showing better cycle stability than other vanadium oxide predecessors for aqueous lithium-ion batteries.
Combined Linear and Nonlinear Radar: Waveform Generation and Capture (2013)

Abstract : A combined-radar transceiver is constructed which enables target ranging in both linear and nonlinear (harmonic) receive modes. The transceiver is constructed using an arbitrary waveform generator as the signal source, a high-speed digitizing oscilloscope as the signal capture device, and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components for the radar front-end. A length of Subminiature Version A (SMA) cable terminated in an open circuit simulates a linear radar target; the same cable terminated in an SMA-connectorized radio front-end simulates a nonlinear radar target. A graphical user interface is developed in MATLAB to control the transceiver remotely. Ranging to the target is demonstrated experimentally using radiofrequency pulses, linear chirps, and stepped-frequency waveforms.
SYNTHESIS OF RGD CONTAINING PEPTIDES AND THEIR BIOACTIVITIES (2002)

RGDS, RGDV, and RGDF were used for the structural modification of YIGSR and YIGSK, the sequences involved in the development of metastasis disease. By use of a solution method, YIGSRRGDS, YIGSRRGDV, YIGSRRGDF, YIGSKRGDS, YIGSKRGDV, YIGSKRGDF, YIGSRYIGSK, and YIGSKYIGSR were prepared in good yield. The results of bioassay in vitro indicated that the target property of RGDS, RGDV, and RGDF to high affinity-receptors may be responsible for the enhanced anti-aggregation, anti-adhesion, and anti-invasion potency.
4*4 GaAs/AlGaAs optical matrix switches with uniform device characteristics using alternating Delta beta electrooptic guided-wave directional couplers (1991)

Integrated 4*4 GaAs/AlGaAs optical matrix switches constructed from 12 electrooptic directional couplers have been realized. In order to achieve uniform device characteristics, molecular beam epitaxy and reactive ion beam etching were chosen as the crystal growth technique and waveguide fabrication technique, respectively, in addition to the simplified tree structure as a matrix switch architecture. As a result, matrix switches with quite uniform device characteristics, such as small switching voltage deviation and little path dependence in +or-0.5-dB propagation loss, have been realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Zirconium Phosphite (3,3′,5,5′‐Tetramethylbiphenyl)diphosphonate, a Microporous, Layered, Inorganic–Organic Polymer (1993)

Pores of uniform size are found in the title compound (a structural model is shown on the right), in which parallel layers of a zirconium phosphate are joined by biphenyl “pillars”. The structure of this polymer, which may have potential as a shape-selective catalyst or a molecular sieve, is reminiscent of the architecture of a Greek temple.
Cleavage at Arginine 145 in Human Blood Coagulation Factor IX Converts the Zymogen into a Factor VIII Binding Enzyme (1995)

The transition of the factor IX zymogen into the enzyme factor IXa beta was investigated. For this purpose, the activation intermediate factors IX alpha and IXa alpha were purified after cleavage of the Arg145-Ala146 and Arg180-Val181 bonds, respectively. These intermediates were compared for a number of functional properties with factor IXa beta, which is cleaved at both positions. Factor IXa alpha was equal to factor IXa beta in hydrolyzing the synthetic substrate CH3SO2-Leu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide (kcat/Km approximately 120 s-1 M-1) but was less efficient in factor X activation. Factor IX alpha was incapable of generating factor Xa but displayed reactivity toward p-nitrophenol p-guanidinobenzoate and the peptide substrate. The catalytic efficiency, however, was 4-fold lower compared with factor IXa alpha and factor IXa beta. Factor IX alpha and factor IXa beta had similar affinity for the inhibitor benzamidine (Ki approximately 2.5 mM), and amidolytic activity of both species was inhibited by Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethyl ketone and antithrombin III. Unlike factor IXa beta, factor IX alpha was unable to form SDS stable complexes with antithrombin III. Moreover, inhibition of factor IXa beta and factor IX alpha by Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethyl ketone followed distinct pathways, because factor IX alpha was inhibited in a nonirreversible manner and displayed only minor incorporation of the dansylated inhibitor into its catalytic site. These data demonstrate that the catalytic site of factor IX alpha differs from that of the fully activated factor IXa beta. Factor IX and its derivatives were also compared with regard to complex assembly with factor VIII in direct binding studies employing the immobilized factor VIII light chain. Factor IX alpha and factor IXa beta displayed a 30-fold higher affinity for the factor VIII light chain (Kd approximately 12 nM) than the factor IX zymogen. Factor IXa alpha showed lower affinity (Kd approximately 50 nM) than factor IX alpha and factor IXa beta, which may explain the lower efficiency of factor X activation by factor IXa alpha. Collectively, our data indicate that cleavage of the Arg180-Val181 bond develops full amidolytic activity but results in suboptimal binding to the factor VIII light chain. With regard to cleavage of the Arg145-Ala146 bond, we have demonstrated that this results in the transition of the factor IX zymogen into an enzyme that lacks proteolytic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)