gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated Progastrin-Releasing Peptide(31-98) Concentrations in Pleural Effusions due to Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (1996)

Progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) is a specific and actively secreted product from small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells. Recently, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which uses monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to recombinant proGRP(31-98), a common region of ProGRP, was established. We measured concentrations of ProGRP (31-98), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in carcinomatous and infectious pleural effusions. Significantly increased ProGRP(31-98) and NSE values were found in carcinomatous pleurisy due to SCLC compared to the other carcinomatous pleurisy and infectious pleurisy. CEA values were significantly increased in carcinomatous pleural effusions compared with those in infectious effusions. The ProGRP(31-98) values were not correlated to NSE values in carcinomatous pleurisy due to SCLC. The determination of ProGRP(31-98) in pleural effusions will be helpful for diagnosing carcinomatous pleurisy due to SCLC.
Stable DCM Design of a Novel Variable Frequency Peak-Current State-Machine Controller (2009)

The peak-current control that is modeled in this paper is a novel variable-frequency control that maintains regulation in a flyback converter by enabling and disabling cycles instead of modulating the pulse-width, which allows for elimination of feedback compensation and can provide for peak power 3 times higher than the rated full load power without increasing the power supply component sizes. A state machine sets the peak current of enabled cycles, based on the load requirements. At light loads, the variable frequency nature of this control scheme reduces switching losses significantly, while the lowering of the peak current by the state machine reduces the output ripple and audible excitations of the transformer. The state machine control is completely modeled for the first time, including new modeling for the peak-current ratio between DCM states, the number of DCM states required for stability, the minimum number of counts for DCM state transitions required for stability, and DCM modeling for a new peak state with double the maximum switching frequency, which provides peak power during brief peak loads, without requiring an over-rated transformer. Characterization of a supply that was designed around the monolithic IC that uses this control scheme is provided.
Postmortem Distribution of Tramadol, Amitriptyline, and Their Metabolites in a Suicidal Overdose (2005)

A case report involving a 34-year-old white male who was found dead at home by his roommate is presented. At the time of his death, he was being treated with tramadol/acetaminophen, metaxalone, oxycodone, and amitriptyline. The decedent's mother stated that he had been taking increasing amounts of pain medication in order to sleep at night. There were no significant findings at autopsy; however, toxicology results supported a cause and manner of death resulting from suicidal mixed tramadol and amitriptyline toxicity. This case reports the tissue and fluid distribution of tramadol, amitriptyline, and their metabolites in an acutely fatal ingestion in an effort to document concentrations of these analytes in 12 matrices with respect to one another to assist toxicologists in difficult interpretations.
Identifiability of Diagnostic Classification Models (2015)

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) are important statistical tools in cognitive diagnosis. In this paper, we consider the issue of their identifiability. In particular, we focus on one basic and popular model, the DINA model. We propose sufficient and necessary conditions under which the model parameters are identifiable from the data. The consequences, in terms of the consistency of parameter estimates, of fulfilling or failing to fulfill these conditions are illustrated via simulation. The results can be easily extended to the DINO model through the duality of the DINA and DINO models. Moreover, the proposed theoretical framework could be applied to study the identifiability issue of other DCMs.
Three-Phase Reactor Model to Simulate the Performance of Pilot-Plant and Industrial Trickle-Bed Reactors Sustaining Hydrotreating Reactions (2004)

A three-phase heterogeneous model was developed to simulate the performance of pilot-plant and industrial trickle-bed reactors applied to the hydrodesulfurization of diesel fractions. The model is based on two-film theory and incorporates mass-transfer phenomena at the gas−liquid and liquid−solid interfaces. The major hydrotreating reactions, namely, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodearomatization, saturation of olefins, and hydrocracking, were modeled. Detailed pilot-plant experiments were carried out in a continuous-flow trickle-bed reactor using feedstock and catalyst samples collected from an industrial reactor to determine kinetic parameters and to validate the model under various operating conditions. The reactor temperature was varied from 320 to 360 °C and the liquid hourly space velocity from 1.0 to 2.5 h-1 at a constant operating pressure of 4.0 MPa and a H2/oil ratio of 200 L/L. The three-phase heterogeneous model was solved to estimate kinetic parameters for various hydrotreating reactions using the data generated in pilot-plant experiments. A partial wetting model was proposed to account for incomplete wetting of the catalyst particles in pilot-plant reactors. The model simulations were found to agree well with the experimental data in the range of operating conditions studied. A three-phase nonisothermal heterogeneous model with complete catalyst wetting was applied to simulate the performance of an industrial reactor under various operating conditions using the kinetic parameters estimated from pilot-plant experiments. Temperature profiles in the industrial reactor were generated. The model was found to simulate the performance of the industrial reactor adequately. The model was also applied to study the influence of operating conditions such as reactor temperature and feed rate on product quality.
Auslegung eines asynchronen Langstatorlinearmotors mit großem Luftspalt als Straßenbahnantrieb (2015)

In der Arbeit wird das Konzept eines Linearmotors für einen oberleitungslosen Betriebs untersucht. Ausgewählt wird hierzu ein asynchroner Langstatorlinearmotor ohne Verstelleinrichtung. Der große Luftspalt ist die größte Herausforderung. Zuerst werden die Einflüsse des großen Luftspalts analytisch untersucht. Anschließend wird der Linearmotor mit der FE Methode für den Einsatz als Straßenbahnantrieb ausgelegt. Eine Validierung der Simulationsmodelle erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Demonstrators.
Synthesis and vesicle formation of identical- and mixed-chain di-n-alkyl phosphate amphiphiles (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and vesicle formation of identical- and mixed-chain di-n-alkyl phosphate amphiphilesAnno Wagenaar, Leo A. M. Rupert, Jan B. F. N. Engberts, and Dick HoekstraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 11, 2638–2642Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00272a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00272a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On Ambiguity (1963)

<i>Now We Are Seven</i>* It was six men of Hindustan To learning much inclined Who went to see an elephant, (Though all of them were blind) That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The first approached the elephant And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side, At once began to bawl, "God bless me, but an elephant Is very like a wall." The second, feeling but the tusk Cried, "Ho, what have we here So very round and smooth and sharp? To me, 'tis mighty clear, This wonder of an elephant Is very like a spear." The third approached the animal And happening to take The squirming trunk within his hands, Thus boldly up and spake, "I see," quoth he, "the elephant Is very like a snake." The fourth stretched out an eager hand And felt about the knee "What most this wondrous beast is like, It's
Advanced flip chip bonding techniques using transferred microsolder bumps (2003)

For future high-speed and high-density OE-MCM (optoelectronic multi-chip module) packaging, a technique will be needed that can bond several high-speed photonic devices and LSIs onto an OE substrate using various heat-treatment processes and can allow control of the device's position for optical alignment and high-density packaging. In the present work, we produce two advanced transferred microsolder bump bonding techniques for high-speed and high-density OE- MCM packaging. One uses 80% Au-Sn transferred microsolder bump bonding. This material allows module packaging using processes at various temperature because it has a higher melting temperature than 100% In and 60% Sn-Pb solder. The other technique uses multi-transferred microsolder bumps made using a repeated transfer process. It can offer accurate three-dimensional flip-chip bonding because it provides precise vertical and horizontal alignments within the errors of /spl plusmn/0.5 /spl mu/m. These techniques will thus be very useful in developing the high-speed and high-density OE-MCM for for multi-functional boardlevel interconnection in future optical communication systems.
Manufacture of liposomes by isopropanol injection: characterization of the method (2011)

Unilamellar liposomes are conventionally prepared by rapid injection of an ethanolic solution of lipids into an aqueous medium. The aim of the present study was to control, more efficiently, vesicle diameter by using an alternative solvent. The results show that isopropanol injection is a good alternative to ethanol injection for the manufacture of liposomes. Particle size can be controlled by the variation of process parameters, such as stirring speed of the aqueous phase and injection flow rate of lipid-isopropanol solution. Diameter of vesicles obtained by this method is less affected by the nature of phospholipid, as well as lipid concentration, than in the ethanol-injection process. In addition, the vesicles are generally smaller (approximately 40-210 nm). Accurate characterization of the particles, by fluorescence, (31)P-NMR, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, showed that particles are formed of a single lipid bilayer around an aqueous cavity. We thus provide the scientific community with a fully characterized alternative method to produce unilamellar vesicles.
Lymphoma classification update: T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms (2017)

Lymphomas are classified based on the normal counterpart, or cell of origin, from which they arise. Because lymphocytes have physiologic immune functions that vary both by lineage and by stage of differentiation, the classification of lymphomas arising from these normal lymphoid populations is complex. Recent genomic data have contributed additional depth to this complexity. Areas covered: Lymphoma classification follows the World Health Organization (WHO) system, which reflects international consensus and is based on pathological, genetic, and clinical factors. The present review focuses on the classification of T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, summarizing changes reflected in the 2016 revision to the WHO classification. These changes are critical to hematologists and other clinicians who care for patients with these disorders. Expert commentary: Lymphoma classification is a continually evolving field that needs to be responsive to new clinical, pathological, and molecular understanding of lymphoid neoplasia. Among the entities covered in this review, the 2016 revisions in the WHO classification particularly impact T-cell lymphomas, including a new umbrella category of T-follicular helper cell-derived lymphomas and evolving recognition of indolent T-cell lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders.
Multi-Component Fe–Ni Hydroxide Nanocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Methanol Oxidation Reactions under Alkaline Conditions (2016)

Iron-incorporated nickel-based materials show promise as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) half-reaction of water electrolysis. Nickel has also exhibited high catalytic activity for methanol oxidation, particularly when in the form of a bimetallic catalyst. In this work, bimetallic iron–nickel nanoparticles were synthesized using a multistep procedure in water under ambient conditions. When compared to monometallic iron and nickel nanoparticles, Fe–Ni nanoparticles show enhanced catalytic activity for both OER and methanol oxidation under alkaline conditions. At 1 mA/cm2, the overpotential for monometallic iron and nickel nanoparticles was 421 and 476 mV, respectively, while the bimetallic Fe–Ni nanoparticles had a greatly reduced overpotential of 256 mV. At 10 mA/cm2, bimetallic Fe–Ni nanoparticles had an overpotential of 311 mV. Spectroscopy characterization suggests that the primary phase of nickel in Fe–Ni nanoparticles is the more disordered alpha phase of nickel hydroxide.
Nerve Growth Factor Induces Rapid Increases in Functional Cell Surface Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (1998)

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a large endocytic receptor that binds multiple ligands and is highly expressed in neurons. Several LRP ligands, including apolipoprotein E/lipoproteins and amyloid precursor protein, have been shown to participate either in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis or pathology. However, factors that regulate LRP expression in neurons are unknown. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment on LRP expression, distribution, and function within neurons in two neuronal cell lines. Our results show that NGF induces a rapid increase of cell surface LRP expression in a central nervous system-derived neuronal cell line, GT1-1 Trk, which was seen within 10 min and reached a maximum at about 1 h of NGF treatment. This increase of cell surface LRP expression is concomitant with an increase in the endocytic activity of LRP as measured via ligand uptake and degradation assays. We also found that the cytoplasmic tail of LRP is phosphorylated and that NGF rapidly increases the amount of phosphorylation. Furthermore, we detected a significant increase of LRP expression at the messenger RNA level following 24 h of NGF treatment. Both rapid and long term induction of LRP expression were also detected in peripheral nervous system-derived PC12 cells following NGF treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NGF regulates LRP expression in neuronal cells.
Graphene Multilayer Supported Gold Nanoparticles for Efficient Electrocatalysts Toward Methanol Oxidation (2012)

Abstract This study reports a simple method of integrating electroactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet support by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly for the creation of 3‐dimensional electrocatalytic thin films that are active toward methanol oxidation. This approach involves the alternating assembly of two oppositely charged suspensions of Au NPs with GO nanosheets based on electrostatic interactions. The GO nanosheets not only serve as structural components of the multilayer thin film, but also potentially improve the utilization and dispersion of Au NPs by taking advantages of the high catalytic surface area and the electronic conduction of graphene nanosheets. Furthermore, it is found that the electrocatalytic activity of the multilayer thin films of Au NPs with graphene nanosheet is highly tunable with respect to the number of bilayers and thermal treatment, benefiting from the advantageous features of LbL assembly. Because of the highly versatile and tunable properties of LbL assembled thin films coupled with electrocatalytic NPs, we anticipate that the general concept presented here will offer new types of electroactive catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells.
Spin-Wave Modes and Their Intense Excitation Effects in Skyrmion Crystals (2012)

We theoretically study spin-wave modes and their intense excitations activated by microwave magnetic fields in the Skyrmion-crystal phase of insulating magnets by numerically analyzing a two-dimensional spin model using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Two peaks of spin-wave resonances with frequencies of ∼1 GHz are found for in-plane ac magnetic field where distribution of the out-of-plane spin components circulates around each Skyrmion core. Directions of the circulations are opposite between these two modes, and hence the spectra exhibit a salient dependence on the circular polarization of irradiating microwave. A breathing-type mode is also found for an out-of-plane ac magnetic field. By intensively exciting these collective modes, melting of the Skyrmion crystal accompanied by a redshift of the resonant frequency is achieved within nanoseconds.
ANTONINUS OF APAMEA AND AN IMAGE IN THE OLD ENGLISH MARTYROLOGY (1984)

ANTONINUS OF APAMEA AND AN IMAGE IN THE OLD ENGLISH MARTYROLOGY Get access J. E. CROSS J. E. CROSS University Of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 31, Issue 1, March 1984, Pages 18–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/31-1-18 Published: 01 March 1984
Structure and Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Fractionally Filled Skutterudites: Solid Solutions of Fully Filled and Unfilled End Members (1998)

The structure of the skutterudite ${\mathrm{CoSb}}_{3}$ contains two large empty cages, or voids, per unit cell. Compounds obtained by filling these cages with rare earth atoms possess an enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit. Control of the electronic and thermal transport properties of these materials can be achieved over an extremely wide phase space by partial cage filling in conjunction with Fe alloying on the Co site. We show that such partially filled skutterudites can be rationalized as solid solutions of fully filled ${\mathrm{CeFe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ and $\ensuremath{\square}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$, where $\ensuremath{\square}$ is a vacancy.
Sensory function in spinal cord injury patients with and without central pain (2002)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently results in neuropathic pain. However, the pathophysiology underlying this pain is unclear. In this study, we compared clinical examination, quantitative sensory testing (QST) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in SCI patients with and without pain below spinal lesion level, with a control group of 20 subjects without injury. All patients had a traumatic SCI with a lesion above T10; 20 patients presented with spontaneous central neuropathic pain below lesion level, and 20 patients had no neuropathic pain or dysaesthesia. Patients with and without pain had a similar reduction of mechanical and thermal detection and pain thresholds, and SEPs. SCI patients with central pain more frequently had sensory hypersensitivity (brush- or cold-evoked pain, dysaesthesia or pinprick hyperalgesia) in dermatomes corresponding to lesion level than SCI patients without pain. There was no difference in intensity of pain evoked by repetitive pinprick at lesion level between patient groups. There was a significant correlation between intensity of brush-evoked dysaesthesia at lesion level and spontaneous pain below lesion level of SCI. These data suggest that lesion of the spinothalamic pathway alone cannot account for central pain in SCI patients, and that neuronal hyperexcitability at injury or higher level may be an important mechanism for pain below injury level.
John Dent, M.P. (1932)

John Dent, M.P. Get access T. Cann Hughes, F.S.A. T. Cann Hughes, F.S.A. 1Lancaster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXIII, Issue dec10, 10 December 1932, Page 427, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXIII.dec10.427a Published: 10 December 1932
Novel approaches to the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia (1986)

Abstract Numerous attempts to extend the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia beyond conventional neuroleptics are reviewed. Clozapine and melperone are atypical neuroleptics that produce few extrapyramidal side effects during acute usage and possible less tradive dyskinesia with prolonged use. Decreasing dopamingeric activity with a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor or dopamine autoreceptor agonists may also be of value. Neuroleptics that block voltage‐sensitive calcium channels or calcium channel blockers per se have been advocated for treatment of negative symptoms or the deficit state. Among other possible clinical approaches reviewed are: beta adrenergic blockers, clonidine, tryptophan, 5‐hydroxytryptophan, fenfluramine, GABA drugs, including high dose benzodiazepines, lithium, carbamazepine, opioid agonists and antagonists, gamma‐endorphins, TRH analogs and vasopressin. Most studies indicate these agents produce inconsistent or slight‐to‐modest benefits, either in comparison with standard neuroleptic drugs or inaddition to neuroleptics, in groups of schizophrenic patients, including some double blind placebo‐controlled trials. Those individuals who do respond sometimes, but not always, fail to relapse when the experimental drug is discontinued or fail to respond to it in subsequent trials. Consistent with the presumed heterogeneity of schizophrenia, there is some evidence supporing non‐neuroleptic drug treatment for specific schizophrenic subtypes. The various stages of this usually life‐long disorder, together with the possible mutability of the underlying etiological factors over time, requires the utmost care in clinical trials.