gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium-Binding Proteins (2003)

Calcium plays an important role in many biological processes. At first, it might seem that the most important role of calcium in biology is a structural one, and indeed it may be argued that this is true. Hydroxyapatite, a co-crystal of calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide ions, forms the matrix of tooth enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. Calcium phosphate is also responsible for the rigidity of bone, and the deposition of this matrix in bone is a very tightly controlled biological process (1). In fact, the vast majority of calcium (more than 99%) is immobilized in bones and teeth in humans. Poor diet or improper regulation of calcium deposition can lead to diseases such as childhood rickets or osteoporosis in older adults. Moreover, calcium is also important structurally in other organisms; for example, calcium carbonate is the major component of egg shells and also of the exoskeleton of animals such as mollusks and barnacles. Nutritionally, calcium is found in many foods, but of course the major source in most human diets is dairy products. In milk, a predominant class of proteins is the caseins, which function to solubulize calcium phosphate microgranules by surrounding them in a micellar structure (2), providing an important mineral nutrient in liquid form.
Two-dimensional droplet-based surface plasmon resonance imaging using electrowetting-on-dielectric microfluidics (2008)

This article presents a multichannel droplet-based surface plasmon resonance platform. The platform comprises a digital electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) microfluidic device coupled to surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). SPRi is now a well-established detection technique that enables in-situ monitoring of multiple reactions occurring at the surface of the chip without the use of labels. Currently, the limiting factor in the application of SPRi for high-throughput applications is the flow-cell technology which relies on sequential sample processing within the continuous fluid flow. An original solution compared to the continuous flow-cell technology is proposed to increase the capability of existing SPRi technology. A parallel SPRi detection of different samples on the surface is achieved using the array-based digital microfluidic device.
The accumulation-mode field-effect transistor: a new ultralow on-resistance MOSFET (1992)

An ultralow specific on-resistance, vertical channel, power MOSFET structure, based on current conduction via an accumulation layer formed on the surface of a trench (UMOS) gate structure, is described. Two-dimensional numerical simulations and experimental results have been obtained, demonstrating that a specific on-resistance approaching 100 mu Omega -cm/sup 2/ can be obtained for a silicon device capable of blocking 25 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Escherichia coli</i> Minicell Membranes Are Enriched in Cardiolipin (2001)

The phospholipid composition of Escherichia coli minicells has been studied as a model for the cell division site. Minicells appeared to be enriched in cardiolipin at the expense of phosphatidylglycerol. Mass spectrometry showed no differences between the gross acyl chain compositions of minicells and wild-type cells.
An efficient TDMA radio link and architecture for wireless local access (2003)

A wireless digital loop architecture suitable for both portable and fixed subscribers is proposed using a low-delay 2 millisecond TDMA frame structure. This allows the elimination of echo cancelling circuits for voice applications when connecting to 2-wire transmission facilities. Each fixed radio transceiver supports up to 10 voice circuits using 32 kbps ADPCM speech coding. The resulting low-delay and high quality speech is appropriate for low-power wireless local access. For the fixed equipment, all per user baseband functions are located at central facilities to permit 'shoe-box' size radio ports or base stations. An important flexibility permitted by this TDMA architecture is low-complexity radio ports spread over a large serving area which can be connected to centralized facilities over low rate digital lines such as T-1 spans. Experimental circuits demonstrating these proposals are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NapA protects Helicobacter pylori from oxidative stress damage, and its production is influenced by the ferric uptake regulator (2003)

The Helicobacter pylori protein NapA has been identified as a homologue of the Escherichia coli protein Dps. It is shown in this study that, like Dps, NapA is produced maximally in stationary phase cells and contributes to the ability of H. pylori to survive under oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, NapA co-localizes with the nuclear material, suggesting that it can interact with DNA in vivo. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that repression of NapA production by iron starvation was not so pronounced in a H. pylori fur mutant, suggesting that the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is involved in napA regulation, and a potential fur box by which this control could be mediated is identified. This finding is consistent with the regulation of iron-binding proteins by Fur and also the modulation of Fur during oxidative stress, thus allowing NapA levels to be increased in the environmental conditions under which its ability to protect DNA from attack by toxic free radicals is most beneficial to the cell.
Being Human (1979)

Solipsism, according to which there is but one 'I', whose states are all that there is, or is known to be, is among the least comprehensible of metaphysical doctrines. Few philosophers have willingly subscribed to it, the young Wittgenstein being among them, but many have been led reluctantly towards it, as a consequence of other views that they held. Philosophers have been led towards solipsism because they defined the subject in a certain way, namely, as being outside reality, something transcendental. For in this case, the I can have no other subject (of the same status) as its object, and in turn cannot be object to any other subject. And if the subject relates to reality from the outside, it follows also that nothing in reality is closer to the subject than is anything else, and no part of reality is known by means of another part; everything stands at the same level of unmediated knowledge, and in this sense everything is the subject's own.
Stochastic error-correcting parsing for OCR post-processing (2002)

In this paper, stochastic error-correcting parsing is proposed as a powerful and flexible method to post-process the results of an optical character recognizer (OCR). Deterministic and nondeterministic approaches are possible under the proposed setting. The basic units of the model can be words or complete sentences, and the lexicons or the language databases can be simple enumerations or may convey probabilistic information from the application domain.
Genes Involved in Sister Chromatid Separation and Segregation in the Budding Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2001)

Accurate chromosome segregation requires the precise coordination of events during the cell cycle. Replicated sister chromatids are held together while they are properly attached to and aligned by the mitotic spindle at metaphase. At anaphase, the links between sisters must be promptly dissolved to allow the mitotic spindle to rapidly separate them to opposite poles. To isolate genes involved in chromosome behavior during mitosis, we microscopically screened a temperature-sensitive collection of budding yeast mutants that contain a GFP-marked chromosome. Nine LOC (loss of cohesion) complementation groups that do not segregate sister chromatids at anaphase were identified. We cloned the corresponding genes and performed secondary tests to determine their function in chromosome behavior. We determined that three LOC genes, PDS1, ESP1, and YCS4, are required for sister chromatid separation and three other LOC genes, CSE4, IPL1, and SMT3, are required for chromosome segregation. We isolated alleles of two genes involved in splicing, PRP16 and PRP19, which impair alpha-tubulin synthesis thus preventing spindle assembly, as well as an allele of CDC7 that is defective in DNA replication. We also report an initial characterization of phenotypes associated with the SMT3/SUMO gene and the isolation of WSS1, a high-copy smt3 suppressor.
Personalized medicine in rheumatoid arthritis: Miles to go before we sleep (2010)

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening". Scholars have posited that "the woods" represent temptation and sin, while the "miles to go before I sleep" suggest one's obligations to a higher being, self, loved ones, or society before the end of one's life. As with many worthy goals, identification of markers predictive of subsequent treatment responses is a challenging and difficult task, and researchers have many hurdles to overcome in this quest. In this issue, Plant et al. publish results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of predictors of anti-TNF treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inadequate response occurs in 30-40% of RA patients treated with anti-TNF agents. These drugs are expensive, costing as much as $15,000 to $30,000 US dollars per year. Given that the survival of RA patients has improved over the years, and that 0.5 to 1.0% of the US population is affected by RA, the financial cost to the health care system is substantial.
A Single Residue Influences the Reaction Mechanism of Ammonia Lyases and Mutases (2009)

All ways lead to Rome? Computer modeling and kinetic measurements identified a distinct residue in Phe/Tyr ammonia lyases (PAL/TAL) which controls whether the Friedel-Crafts or an E(1)cB reaction mechanism takes place. Hence, Glu484 in pcPAL favors the Friedel-Crafts reaction (see picture, MIO = 4-methylidene imidazol-5-one) whereas an Asn in TAL gives an elimination reaction. These mechanistic investigations also reveal activity of a PAL mutant and a TAL towards an amino alcohol.
Gene Families from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Pollen Coat Proteome (2001)

The pollen extracellular matrix contains proteins mediating species specificity and components needed for efficient pollination. We identified all proteins >10 kilodaltons in the Arabidopsis pollen coating and showed that most of the corresponding genes reside in two genomic clusters. One cluster encodes six lipases, whereas the other contains six lipid-binding oleosin genes, including GRP17, a gene that promotes efficient pollination. Individual oleosins exhibit extensive divergence between ecotypes, but the entire cluster remains intact. Analysis of the syntenic region in Brassica oleracea revealed even greater divergence, but a similar clustering of the genes. Such allelic flexibility may promote speciation in plants.
Pressure affects enzyme function in organic media (1993)

Pressure affects enzyme function in nonaqueous media. Activation volumes have been determined and provide evidence that the primary effect of pressure is to enhance the stripping of water off an enzyme in polar organic solvents and leads to decreased enzymatic activity. Activation volumes of subtilisin Carlsberg in organic solvents, particularly with the enzyme hydrated, have a larger magnitude than activation volumes determined in aqueous solutions. This study provides further evidence that enzymatic activity in polar organic solvents is dominated by the interaction of enzyme-bound water with the solvent. From a practical standpoint, however, the results of this study suggest that enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents may be controlled by the combined effects of pressure and enzyme hydration.
Immunization with the paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis antigen HuD does not cause neurologic disease in mice (1995)

Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy (PEM/PSN) associated with small cell lung cancer is characterized by high serum and CSF titers of anti-neuronal (anti-Hu) antibodies and by intrathecal synthesis of anti-Hu IgG. A pathologic role for the anti-Hu antibodies in PEM/PSN is further suggested by reported intraneuronal accumulation of the antibodies in the nervous system of PEM/PSN patients at autopsy. We immunized SJL/J mice, Lewis rats, and Hartley guinea pigs with purified recombinant HuD fusion protein. In spite of high-titer anti-HuD antibodies, neurologic and pathologic examination of the animals was normal. Apparent uptake of purified IgG by neurons in the brain proved to be artifactual.
REDUCTION OF NITROSOPHENOL BY IRON AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTREDUCTION OF NITROSOPHENOL BY IRON AND HYDROCHLORIC ACIDKonomu. Matsumura and Chusaburo. SoneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 4, 1406–1408Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01355a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01355a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Logic Module Using Transferred-Electron Logic Devices for Precision Time Interval Measurements. (1977)

The results of a program to develop a logic module using transferred electron logic devices (TELDs) for use in a short baseline time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) direction finding system are described. The function of the logic module is to perform high precision, single-event time interval measurements. The ultimate goal for precision is 20 ps. The purpose of the present program is to prove feasibility of time measurement with subnanosecond resolution in a breadboard TELD module. The two input threshold gates and the coincidence circuit utilize TELDs and the pulse burst generators are constructed with GaAs MESFETs. Step recovery diodes have been used for pulse shaping at several points in the circuit. The counters are commercially available and of ECL type. A thorough study was made of the circuit design of the module's components and the results are contained herein. A breadboard system was designed, constructed, and tested without the ECL counters. Four pulses were used for each pulse burst generator and Tc approx 1.2 ns. This produced a resolution of about 400 ps which was confirmed in the tests. In these tests the output of the coincidence circuit was observed as the time delay of the rf signal (0.8 GHz) to one channel was varied. The range of measurement (with counters) is about 2 ns, which is adequate for the present application.
Serological responses to different genotypes of hepatitis C virus in France (1994)

The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and antibody status was studied in 104 chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis patients and asymptomatic HCV-infected blood donors. On the basis of amplification of the nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) coding region by PCR and hybridization with specific probes, 55 and 42 patients were identified as being infected with type I and type II, respectively, according to the classification by H. Okamoto, K. Kurai, S. Okada, K. Yamamoto, H. Lizuka, T. Tanaka, S. Fukuda, F. Tsudaand, and S. Mishiro (Virology 188:331-341, 1992). All samples were tested for antibodies to 5.1.1, C-100, C-33, and C-22 proteins by a second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Among 97 patients with known HCV genotypes, 31 of 42 patients infected with type II and 24 of 55 infected with type I had antibodies against all four antigens (P < 0.01). In the type II-infected group, more patients had detectable antibodies to 5.11, C-33, and C-22 proteins than in the type I group (P < 0.05). No difference was found in the serological response to C-100 between the two groups.
A Robust Integrated Propagation and Site Specific Land Clutter Model (2007)

This paper reveals a robust land clutter model that is based upon site-specific radar reflectivity and topography. The model includes the effects of transhorizon propagation caused by atmospheric boundary layer induced radar ducting. The model accounts for three dimensional effects due to inhomogeneity of radar reflectivity and propagation within the confines of the radar resolution cell, without the complexity of a true three dimensional propagation model.
Cloud-Enabled Microscopy and Droplet Microfluidic Platform for Specific Detection of Escherichia coli in Water (2014)

We report an all-in-one platform - ScanDrop - for the rapid and specific capture, detection, and identification of bacteria in drinking water. The ScanDrop platform integrates droplet microfluidics, a portable imaging system, and cloud-based control software and data storage. The cloud-based control software and data storage enables robotic image acquisition, remote image processing, and rapid data sharing. These features form a "cloud" network for water quality monitoring. We have demonstrated the capability of ScanDrop to perform water quality monitoring via the detection of an indicator coliform bacterium, Escherichia coli, in drinking water contaminated with feces. Magnetic beads conjugated with antibodies to E. coli antigen were used to selectively capture and isolate specific bacteria from water samples. The bead-captured bacteria were co-encapsulated in pico-liter droplets with fluorescently-labeled anti-E. coli antibodies, and imaged with an automated custom designed fluorescence microscope. The entire water quality diagnostic process required 8 hours from sample collection to online-accessible results compared with 2-4 days for other currently available standard detection methods.
Facile Inkjet-Printing Self-Aligned Electrodes for Organic Thin-Film Transistor Arrays with Small and Uniform Channel Length (2010)

We demonstrated a facile method for fabrication of source and drain electrodes with very reproducible narrow channel length without any intermediate processing steps. Organoamine-stabilized silver nanoparticles ink enables in situ formation of a hydrophobic boundary around the first printed electrodes, which repels subsequently deposited ink to a consistent distance. Because of this self-alignment nature, small printing errors could be automatically corrected, allowing for large defect-free source drain arrays to be printed with a very narrow distribution of channel length. Furthermore, electrodes printed with this method were used to fabricate OTFT array, showing high yield, high mobility, and on/off ratio.
Diffraction peak profiles from spherical crystallites with lognormal size distribution (2003)

An efficient and accurate method to evaluate the theoretical diffraction peak profiles from spherical crystallites with lognormal size distribution (SLN profile) is presented. Precise results can be obtained typically by an eight-term numerical integral for any values of the parameters, by applying an appropriate substitution of the variable to the integral formula. The calculated SLN profiles have been verified by comparison with those calculated by inverse Fourier transform from the exact analytical solution of the Fourier-transformed SLN profile. It has been found that the shape of the SLN profile strongly depends on the variance of size distribution. When the logarithmic standard deviation ω of the size distribution is close to 0.76, the SLN profile becomes close to a Lorentzian profile, and `super-Lorentzian' profiles are predicted for larger values of ω, as has been concluded by Popa & Balzar [ J. Appl. Cryst. (2002), 35 , 338–346]. The intrinsic diffraction peak profiles of an SiC powder sample obtained by deconvolution of the instrumental function have certainly shown `super-Lorentzian' line profiles, and they are well reproduced by the SLN profile for the value ω = 0.93.
Ultrastructural Appearances of Tumours: A Diagnostic Atlas (1982)

This book is written for the surgical pathologist. It succinctly outlines in picture and text how ultrastructural study of a tumor may help in those circumstances where light microscopy alone does not permit its classification. The authors rigorously confine their treatment of the subject to this aim and have contributed an excellent addition to the pathologist's library. The first 50 or so pages are taken up with a review of the ultrastructural features that might be found in any neoplasm. As the authors clearly indicate, neoplastic cells may show no significant ultrastructural changes from normal cells, and this point is well emphasized in those 50-odd pages. They make their position known in words that deserve quotation: "The criteria for the detection of neoplastic disease and the determination of malignant behaviour are still best assessed by light microscopy. Electron microscopy has little to add to this initial phase of evaluation." The
Evaluation of a Single-Matrix Food Attractant Tephritid Fruit Fly Bait Dispenser for Use in Federal Trap Detection Programs (2007)

The use of synthetic food attractant lures for Tephritid fruit fly trapping is presently being incorporated into U.S. state and federal detection programs. These lures consist of ammonium acetate, trimethylamine hydrochloride and putrescine contained in individual packages that are attached to the inside (top) of plastic McPhail-type traps. Two chemical packets are placed in the traps for Anastrepha spp., where as three are attached for Ceratitis capitata. This report presents data on trap captures of the above species comparing the current (individually packaged) baits with a novel dispenser containing either two or three components into a single matrix. Tests were conducted in Florida and Hawaii using hand release of sterile Caribbean fruit fly (Caribfly), Anastrepha suspensa and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly)/ aerially released medfly/ and wild caribfly populations (Florida) and wild medfly (Hawaii). Observations in the Florida study indicated that minor formulation adjustment should increase the efficacy of the Anastrepha attractant, whereas less of an adjustment may be required to capture Ceratitis capitata. Results in open field tests in Hawaii indicated that the three-component synthetic food attractant in a single cone unit was just as effective in capturing wild male and female Medflies as the same food attractants in individual packets. The single matrix has some advantages in handling and ease-of-use, especially with the Multilure trap.