gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bluetongue virus VP6 protein binds ATP and exhibits an RNA-dependent ATPase function and a helicase activity that catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded RNA substrates (1997)

RNA-dependent ATPase and helicase activities have been identified associated with the purified VP6 protein of bluetongue virus, a member of the Orbivirus genus of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA; Reoviridae family) viruses. In addition, the protein has an ATP binding activity. RNA unwinding of duplexes occurred with both 3' and 5' overhang templates, as well as with blunt-ended dsRNA, an activity not previously identified in other viral helicases. Although little sequence similarity to other helicases was detected, certain similarities to motifs commonly attributed to such proteins were identified.
Non–digestible oligosaccharides and defense functions: lessons learned from animal models (2002)

Animals are constantly exposed to a diversity of health challenges and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a major, if not the principal, site of exposure. Animal models and a limited number of human clinical studies have shown that the assemblages and metabolic activities of the resident bacteria are important determinants of the effectiveness of the various host defense mechanisms and thereby influence the ability of animals to respond to health challenges. The assemblages of bacteria resident in the GIT provide a first line of defense that can exclude invading pathogens, reduce the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens already resident in the GIT, and reduce the availability, carcinogenicity, or toxicity of noxious chemicals. The mucosa of the GIT is a second, multilayered line of defense that includes the mucous and other secretions, the epithelial cells, and immune-associated cells scattered within and under the epithelium. The final line of defense contends with pathogens or noxious chemicals that transcend the mucosal barrier and enter the host and consists of the innate and acquired components of the systemic immune system and the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. The lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) are considered to be immunomodulatory and directly or indirectly influence the GIT and systemic defense functions. Corresponding with this, supplementing the diet with inulin, oligofructose, or other nondigestible oligosaccharides that increase the densities and metabolic capacities of the LAB enhances defense mechanisms of the host, increases resistance to various health challenges, and accelerates recovery of the GIT after disturbances.
Culturing at atmospheric oxygen levels impacts lymphocyte function (2005)

To determine whether culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells at atmospheric oxygen levels skews responses in comparison with culturing lymphocytes at physiologic oxygen levels, we cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 5%, 10%, and atmospheric (20%) gas-phase oxygen for 5 days. We found that incubator oxygen levels influenced lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by two commonly used stimuli: Con A and antibodies that crosslink surface CD3 and CD28 to mimic antigen presentation. In both cases, proliferation increased as gas-phase oxygen levels increased. In contrast, oxygen levels did not influence proliferation stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, another commonly used mitogen. Similarly, oxygen levels did not impact cell viability in unstimulated cultures. Thus, we conclude that the influence of oxygen levels on proliferation depends on the stimulus, and, most importantly from the standpoint of immune responses, culturing cells at atmospheric rather than physiologic oxygen levels results in significantly increased proliferation responses to the CD3/CD28 crosslinking, a proliferation stimulus commonly used to mimic T cell antigen receptor signaling.
Prophylaxis of adhesions with low frequency sound. (1981)

Despite a multitude of ingenious ideas, a review of the literature has revealed no consistently acceptable results concerning adhesion prophylaxis. While pharmacologic avenues are far from exhausted, presently, there is no acceptable regimen. A double blind experimental study was performed with 130 Sprague-Dawley rats to determine the effect of high intensity low frequency sound on postoperative adhesion formation. Standard cecal crush was used to induce adhesions in rats which were then divided into four groups. The control rats exhibited 83 per cent adhesion formation while the rats in the other groups displayed an incidence inversely related to the duration of low frequency sound exposure. A reduction to 23 per cent adhesion formation was achieved in the group exposed to infrasound for 12 days. The controlled application of low frequency sound generates micromotion of the abdominal organs; moving surfaces do not lend themselves to spanning fiber formation. Studies disclaim significant side-effects of low frequency sound in man nor were any detected in the rats used in this study.
Discrete object detection and motion registration based on a data management approach (2002)

When scientific data sets can be interpreted visually they are typically managed as pictures and consequently stored as large collections of bitmaps. Valuable information contained in images is often not exploited, however simply because the data is not processed further. Common reasons for this are that access to information in image collections is notoriously difficult and that interesting applications often depend on supplementary data with incompatible formats. If such data sets are treated as higher-dimensional point data instead of byte streams and managed with a suitable multidimensional file structure, then it is possible to transform "fuzzy" objects into n-dimensional solids. Several benefits result: content based access becomes possible, the potential for data compression without loss of relevant information exists and additional information can readily be incorporated simply by increasing the file structure's dimensionality. This paper describes how this approach has been successfully applied to detect and track storm cells in weather radar and various satellite images. The key is to parametrize the data for efficient access based on several different image attributes.
Sequence of a cDNA encoding soybean bask 7S globulin (1989)

Journal Article Sequence of a cDNA encoding soybean bask 7S globulin Get access Hiroyuki Kagawa, Hiroyuki Kagawa Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological ResourcesKannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hisashi Hirano Hisashi Hirano Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological ResourcesKannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 21, 11 November 1989, Page 8868, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.21.8868 Published: 11 November 1989 Article history Accepted: 25 September 1989 Published: 11 November 1989
Relaxation processes in coherent-population trapping (1996)

The role played by a buffer gas in the ground-state superposition created in coherent-population-trapping experiments is investigated theoretically. The density matrix equations are solved on the basis of the coupled-noncoupled states. The velocity-changing collisions are examined in the limit of strong collisions. The relaxation rate for transfer of the ground-state superposition between atoms with different velocities is derived from a fit of available experimental results. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Improving detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in a deployed setting. (2012)

Our data shows that the NBC41 panel is superior to the NBPC30 panel in rapidly identifying ESBL-producing organisms. Use of the NBPC41 panel decreases the turnaround time by 24 hours, allowing the provider to more accurately apply appropriate antibiotic therapy. Additionally, the NBPC41 panel provides more useful antibiotic susceptibility results compared to the NBPC30. We recommend use of this panel as a primary identification and susceptibility panel for gram-negative organisms.
Influence of a Putative ECF Sigma Factor on Expression of the Major Outer Membrane Protein, OprF, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens (1999)

The gene encoding OprF, a major outer membrane protein in Pseudomonas species (formerly known as type 1 pseudomonads), was thought to be constitutively transcribed from a single sigma 70 promoter immediately upstream of the gene. We now report the identification of a novel putative ECF (extracytoplasmic function) sigma factor gene, sigX, located immediately upstream of oprF in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens OE 28.3 and show that disruption of this gene significantly reduces OprF expression. In P. aeruginosa, Northern analysis demonstrated that this reduction was a result of an effect on transcription of monocistronic oprF combined with a polar effect due to termination of a transcript containing sigX and oprF. Comparison of sigX-disrupted and wild-type cell transcripts by primer extension indicated that monocistronic transcription of oprF occurs from two overlapping promoters, one that is SigX-dependent and resembles ECF sigma factor promoters in its minus-35 region and another promoter that is independent of SigX and is analogous to the sigma 70-type promoter previously reported. Complementation of the P. aeruginosa sigX-disrupted mutant with plasmid-encoded OprF did not resolve the phenotypes associated with this mutant, which included a markedly reduced logarithmic-phase growth rate in rich medium (compared to that in minimal medium), further reduction of the growth rate in a low-osmolarity environment, secretion of an unidentified pigment, and increased sensitivity to the antibiotic imipenem. This indicates that SigX is involved in the regulation of other genes in P. aeruginosa. Disruption of the sigX gene in P. fluorescens also had an effect on the logarithmic-phase growth rate in rich medium. A conserved sigX gene was also identified in a Pseudomonas syringae isolate and six P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Collectively, these data indicate that an ECF sigma factor plays a role in the regulation and expression of OprF and also affects other genes.
Stimulated electron tunneling in metal-barrier-metal structures due to surface plasmons (1976)

It is shown that electron tunneling can be stimulated by electron–plasmon–virtual photon interactions. Negative differential resistance exhibiting a threshold voltage and current density is expected for metal-barrier-metal structures.
Influence of As Autodoping from GaAs Substrates on Thick Cubic GaN Growth by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1998)

GaN layers were grown on (001) GaAs substrates by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on either a high-quality cubic buffer layer grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) or a HVPE buffer layer on both sides of the substrate. Though a high-quality cubic GaN (cubic component : more than 99% for 2µm thick layer) was grown on the MOMBE buffer layer, the photoluminescence intensity was less than that of the layer grown on the HVPE buffer layer by about two orders of magnitude. This was found to be due to arsenic (As) autodoping from the back side of the GaAs substrate. The As autodoping decreased the optimum growth temperature of cubic GaN by about 50°C. The hexagonal component increased with an increase in the growth thickness, independent of the initial cubic purity of the grown layer, suggesting that influence of the As autodoping decreased with an increase in the growth thickness.
Improvement of the electron density in the channel of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction by introducing Si δ doping in the quantum well (1999)

The electronic subband of δ-doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure has been studied theoretically by the finite differential method. We use an efficient self-consistent analysis to solve simultaneously the Schrödinger and Poisson equations. The results show the possibility to increase the electron density in the channel by the introduction of the silicon δ doping in a quantum well, where the Al concentration is smaller than in the barrier. The effect of the quantum well width is studied on the electron density. To test the validity of our calculation, we have grown, by molecular beam epitaxy, a series of δ-doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions having various alloy compositions seen by the silicon. If we consider the spreading of the silicon in space during the δ-layer growth, we show that the theoretical model explains well the experimental Hall data for all aluminum concentrations.
Maintaining the Endothelium: Preventive Strategies for Vessel Integrity (2000)

The endothelium is a diaphanous membrane, only one cell layer thick, that lines all of our blood vessels. Despite its apparent fragility, it exerts profound control over vascular tone, structure, and interaction with circulating blood elements. One of the factors that the endothelium synthesizes is nitric oxide, which is the most potent endogenous vasodilator known. In addition to its blood flow regulating effects, nitric oxide also inhibits key processes in atherosclerosis, including monocyte adherence, platelet aggregation, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide synthesis is impaired, and its degradation is accelerated, in many of the conditions associated with atherosclerosis, including hypercholesterolemia. Restoration of nitric oxide synthesis and activity in these disorders can improve blood flow, relieve symptoms, and perhaps reduce the progression of atherosclerosis (part 1 of 2 parts). (c) 2000 by CHF, Inc.
Systemic mRNA Delivery to the Lungs by Functional Polyester-based Carriers (2017)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has recently come into focus as an emerging therapeutic class with great potential for protein replacement therapy, cancer immunotherapy, regenerative medicine, vaccines, and gene editing. However, the lack of effective and safe delivery methods impedes the broad application of mRNA-based therapeutics. We report a robust approach to develop efficient polymeric delivery carriers for mRNA. Lead polyesters were identified by in vitro screening of a 480-member combinatorially modified poly(trimethylolpropane allyl ether-co-suberoyl chloride) library for the delivery of luciferase encoding mRNA (Luc mRNA) to IGROV1 cells. The formulation of mRNA polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) with Pluronic F127 decreased the surface charge. Although this improved the stability of mRNA nanoparticles, the delivery potency decreased with increased F127 content. Thus, we determined that NP stabilization with 5% F127 could balance the protective effects and delivery potency. 5% F127 formulated PE4K-A17-0.33C12 mRNA NPs enabled luciferase expression predominantly in the lungs after intravenous injection into mice. The efficient mRNA delivery specifically to lungs by degradable carriers suggests the potential for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
Influences of friendship and appearance-related body consciousness on dieting in adolescent women (2004)

The effects of physical variables and interpersonal relationships on appearance-related body consciousness in adolescent women were examined. The participants (n=238) were classified into four groups based on their dieting experiences: non-dieters, healthy-dieters, light-dieters, and heavy-dieters. Results indicated that non-dieters, healthy-dieters, and light-dieters manipulated their appearance as a way of self-expression to their friends. Particularly, light-dieters sometimes adopted hard dieting methods to improve their physical attractiveness and gain a sense of superior appearance over their friends, even while maintaining friendly relationships. On the other hand, heavy-dieters who had repeated several hard dieting methods regarded their own body as fat, and practiced dieting for fear of being left behind by their friends because of their body and weight.
Synthesis and biological activity of cymantrene and cyrhetrene 4-aminoquinoline conjugates against malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis (2012)

Organometallic analogues of chloroquine show promise as new antimalarial agents capable of overcoming resistance to the parent drug chloroquine. Here, the synthesis and characterization of three new cymantrene (CpMn(CO)(3)) and cyrhetrene (CpRe(CO)(3)) 4-aminoquinoline conjugates with either an amine or amide linker are reported. The antimalarial activity of the new organometallic conjugates N-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)ethyl)-4-cymantrenylbutanamide (3), N-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)ethyl)-4-cyrhetrenylbutanamide (4) and N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N'-(cymantrenylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (6) was evaluated against a chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) and a chloroquine-resistant strain (CQR) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The cymantrene complex with an amine linker (6) showed good activity against the CQS strain but was inactive against the CQR strain. In contrast, cymantrene and cyrhetrene compounds with an amide linker were active against both the CQS and the CQR strain. In addition, the antibacterial, anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds was evaluated. Compound 6 showed submicromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei at a concentration where the toxicity to normal human cells is low. No significant effect was noticed on the exchange of manganese for rhenium in the CpM(CO)(3) moiety in any of the biological assays.
Anatomy of the red cell membrane skeleton: unanswered questions (2015)

The red cell membrane skeleton is a pseudohexagonal meshwork of spectrin, actin, protein 4.1R, ankyrin, and actin-associated proteins that laminates the inner membrane surface and attaches to the overlying lipid bilayer via band 3-containing multiprotein complexes at the ankyrin- and actin-binding ends of spectrin. The membrane skeleton strengthens the lipid bilayer and endows the membrane with the durability and flexibility to survive in the circulation. In the 36 years since the first primitive model of the red cell skeleton was proposed, many additional proteins have been discovered, and their structures and interactions have been defined. However, almost nothing is known of the skeleton's physiology, and myriad questions about its structure remain, including questions concerning the structure of spectrin in situ, the way spectrin and other proteins bind to actin, how the membrane is assembled, the dynamics of the skeleton when the membrane is deformed or perturbed by parasites, the role lipids play, and variations in membrane structure in unique regions like lipid rafts. This knowledge is important because the red cell membrane skeleton is the model for spectrin-based membrane skeletons in all cells, and because defects in the red cell membrane skeleton underlie multiple hemolytic anemias.
Electrodeposition of Silicon from a Nonaqueous Solvent (1988)

Electroplating of silicon from solutions of , , , , , , and in tetrahydrofuran, using , TBAP, or TBAB as supporting electrolyte has been studied Si‒C, Si‒O, and Si‒N bonds are not reduced. Cyclic voltammetry shows a reduction peak, followed by passivation, for the halogenosilanes. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic deposition on Pt, Au, Ni, Cu glassy carbon, or ITO glass yields smooth layers up to 0.25 μm. Thicker layers have cracks. Auger spectroscopy shows C (∼8), O (∼8), and Cl (∼1.5) as impurities (atomic percent).
The Inhibitory Effect of the Various Seed Coating Substances Against Rice Seed Borne Fungi and their Shelf-Life during Storage (2009)

Presently, chemical seed treatments are in discussion due to their directly or indirectly impacts on human health or other living organisms. They may also negatively affect the ecosystem and the food chain. In rice seeds, chemicals may cause phytotoxic effects including seed degradation. Eugenol is the main component of clove (Eugenia caryophillis) oil, which was proved to act simultaneously as bactericide, virocide and especially fungicide. The in vitro study was aimed to compare the inhibitory effect of the following seed treatment substances against seed borne fungi and their shelf-life during 12 months of storage; conventional captan (CA), chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (CL), eugenol incorporated into chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (E+CL) and control (CO). The obtained results of fungi inhibition were classified in three groups, which showed at first that CA treatment led to a better, i.e., longer, inhibitory effect on Alternaria padwickii, Rhizoctonia solani, Curvularia sp., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger than E+CL. Secondly, E+CL coating polymer showed the longest inhibitory effect against Bipolaris oryzae and Nigrospora oryzae compared to CA and CL coating polymer. Finally, both CA and E+CL coating polymer had non-significant difference inhibitory effect on Fusarium moniliforme. The variant of CL coating polymer for seed coating was only during the first 6 months of storage able to inhibit all species of the observed seed borne fungi, whereas CA and E+CL coating polymer were capable to inhibit most of the fungi until 9 months of storage.
Electrically evoked whole-nerve action potentials: Data from human cochlear implant users (1990)

This study describes a method for recording the electrically evoked, whole-nerve action potential (EAP) in users of the Ineraid cochlear implant. The method is an adaptation of one originally used by Charlet de Sauvage et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 615-627 (1983)] in guinea pigs. The response, recorded from 11 subjects, consists of a single negative peak that occurs with a latency of approximately 0.4 ms. EAP input/output functions are steeply sloping and monotonic. Response amplitudes ranging up to 160 micro V have been recorded. Slope of the EAP input/output function correlates modestly (approximately 0.6-0.69) with results of tests measuring word recognition skills. The refractory properties of the auditory nerve were also assessed. Differences across subjects were found in the rate of recovery from the refractory state. These findings imply that there may be difference across subjects in the accuracy with which rapid temporal cues can be coded at the level of the auditory nerve. Reasonably strong correlations (approximately 0.74-0.85) have been found between the magnitude of the slope of these recovery curves and performance on tests of word recognition.
Relationships between Rap1b, Affinity Modulation of Integrin αIIbβ3, and the Actin Cytoskeleton (2002)

The affinity of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) for fibrinogen is controlled by inside-out signals that are triggered by agonists like thrombin. Agonist treatment of platelets also activates Rap1b, a small GTPase known to promote integrin-dependent adhesion of other cells. Therefore, we investigated the role of Rap1b in alpha(IIb)beta(3) function by viral transduction of GFP-Rap1 chimeras into murine megakaryocytes, which exhibit inside-out signaling similar to platelets. Expression of constitutively active GFP-Rap1b (V12) had no effect on unstimulated megakaryocytes, but it greatly augmented fibrinogen binding to alpha(IIb)beta(3) induced by a PAR4 thrombin receptor agonist (p < 0.01). The Rap1b effect was cell-autonomous and was prevented by pre-treating cells with cytochalasin D or latrunculin A to inhibit actin polymerization. Rap1b-dependent fibrinogen binding to megakaryocytes was blocked by POW-2, a novel monovalent antibody Fab fragment specific for high affinity murine alpha(IIb)beta(3). In contrast to GFP-Rap1b (V12), expression of GFP-Rap1GAP, which deactivates endogenous Rap1, inhibited agonist-induced fibrinogen binding (p < 0.01), as did dominant-negative GFP-Rap1b (N17) (p < 0.05). None of these treatments affected surface expression of alpha(IIb)beta(3). These studies establish that Rap1b can augment agonist-induced ligand binding to alpha(IIb)beta(3) through effects on integrin affinity, possibly by modulating alpha(IIb)beta(3) interactions with the actin cytoskeleton.