gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XIV. Ribosides of 2,6-Disubstituted Purines (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XIV. Ribosides of 2,6-Disubstituted PurinesHoward J. Schaeffer and H. Jeanette ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3738–3742Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a068RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (686 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Generalization Error Bounds for Threshold Decision Lists (2004)

In this paper we consider the generalization accuracy of classification methods based on the iterative use of linear classifiers. The resulting classifiers, which we call threshold decision lists act as follows. Some points of the data set to be classified are given a particular classification according to a linear threshold function (or hyperplane). These are then removed from consideration, and the procedure is iterated until all points are classified. Geometrically, we can imagine that at each stage, points of the same classification are successively chopped off from the data set by a hyperplane. We analyse theoretically the generalization properties of data classification techniques that are based on the use of threshold decision lists and on the special subclass of multilevel threshold functions. We present bounds on the generalization error in a standard probabilistic learning framework. The primary focus in this paper is on obtaining generalization error bounds that depend on the levels of separation---or margins---achieved by the successive linear classifiers. We also improve and extend previously published theoretical bounds on the generalization ability of perceptron decision trees.
Label‐Free Microfluidic Manipulation of Particles and Cells in Magnetic Liquids (2016)

Manipulating particles and cells in magnetic liquids through so-called "negative magnetophoresis" is a new research field. It has resulted in label-free and low-cost manipulation techniques in microfluidic systems and many exciting applications. It is the goal of this review to introduce the fundamental principles of negative magnetophoresis and its recent applications in microfluidic manipulation of particles and cells. We will first discuss the theoretical background of three commonly used specificities of manipulation in magnetic liquids, which include the size, density and magnetic property of particles and cells. We will then review and compare the media used in negative magnetophoresis, which include paramagnetic salt solutions and ferrofluids. Afterwards, we will focus on reviewing existing microfluidic applications of negative magnetophoresis, including separation, focusing, trapping and concentration of particles and cells, determination of cell density, measurement of particles' magnetic susceptibility, and others. We will also examine the need for developing biocompatible magnetic liquids for live cell manipulation and analysis, and its recent progress. Finally, we will conclude this review with a brief outlook for this exciting research field.
Regeneration of serous membrane on gelatin‐processed polyglycolic acid (PGA)‐human collagen membrane and its efficacy on the prevention of adhesion (2002)

We prepared a complex membrane consisting of human amnion-derived collagen membrane and polyglycolic acid (PGA), and then gelatin was crosslinked using heat on one side of the complex membrane to prepare a membrane that can prevent adhesion (gelatin-processed PGA-human collagen membrane). Applying this membrane to a rabbit cecum-abdominal-wall-adhesion model, the prevention of adhesion and tissue regeneration were investigated. The animals were sacrificed 2 and 12 weeks after surgery and then examined. The adhesion scores in the short-term observation group (2 weeks after surgery) and long-term observation group (12 weeks after surgery) were 1.0 +/- 2.4 and 0.8 +/- 2.0, respectively, showing a significant prevention of adhesion compared to the control value of 6.3 +/- 2.5 (p < 0.01). Histologically, gelatin was not absorbed, and outgrowth of connective tissue accompanied by capillary blood vessels was observed between the sample and the cecum in the short-term observation group. In the long-term observation group, the sample was completely absorbed, and serous membrane was regenerated on the surface of connective tissue. Based on these findings, it is possible to use gelatin-processed PGA-human collagen membrane as a filling material with both an adhesion-preventing effect and tissue-regenerating function.
Structure, mapping, and expression of erp, a growth factor-inducible gene encoding a nontransmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, and effect of ERP on cell growth. (1993)

We have characterized a growth factor-inducible gene, erp, and demonstrated that it encodes a 367-amino-acid nontransmembrane tyrosine phosphatase protein with significant similarity to the vaccinia virus H1 protein. Immunoprecipitation analyses show that the erp protein, ERP, is rapidly induced following serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. ERP has been expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase and shown to have tyrosine as well as serine protein phosphatase activity. The enzymatic activity of ERP depends on the presence of reducing agents such as dithiothreitol, and its tyrosine phosphatase activity is inhibited by sodium vanadate, a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases. The number of stable NIH 3T3 clones obtained after transfection with a vector expressing the complete ERP protein is reduced more than 90% compared with that after transfection with a vector expressing a mutated inactive ERP protein. The remaining ERP-expressing clones present a significant increase in the proportion of bi- and multinucleated cells and a decrease in proliferation rate. Studies on the genomic structure reveal that the erp transcription unit is 2.8 kbp long and split into four exons. The erp gene maps to the 17A2-17C region of the murine genome. Our results demonstrate that the protein product of the immediate-early gene erp has a negative effect on cell proliferation.
Micro-turbo-generator design and fabrication: a preliminary study (2002)

This paper discusses the design and fabrication issues associated with the creation of a micro-turbo-generator. The design involves the coupling of an impulse turbine to a switched reluctance generator via a single rotor which couples the two systems. The force of the gas on the rotor causes it to turn at high speeds. With proper current switching and control, this motion can be converted into an electrical power output. A parametric finite element model of the device was created in ANSYS to study its electromechanical performance and to determine the torque that would be required of the micro-turbine. A micro-turbine was fabricated to demonstrate the mechanical portion of this energy conversion system. A planar device was created using the LIGA fabrication technique in which all structures were electroplated copper. Experiments were conducted on five working micro-turbines. The variables studied included the stator design, rotor pole shape, device orientation and the distance between the rotor and the device cover.
Engine Cooling by Direct Injection of Cooling Water (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A computer program has been developed to analyze the Otto cycle for an engine where water can be injected directly into the cylinder. The program can treat arbitrary amounts of water injection at any point in the cycle. Results show that a main factor is the timing of the water injection; optimum injection is early in the compression stroke.</div>
Secure Fingerprint-based authentication and non-repudiation services for mobile learning systems (2015)

Most of the solutions proposed to the security and privacy issues in mobile learning systems are generally inherited from those developed in e-learning systems and network communication background. However, the implication of the mobile devices in m-learning can reveal more private data and requires far more challenges. In this paper, we exploit the richness of mobile devices in sensors to propose a fingerprint-based strategy that provides a secure authentication, communication and non-repudiation scheme for mobile learning using recent advances in cancelable biometrics. The proposed scheme covers all the learning system steps starting b y subscription, communication and assessments.
Does tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment increase hepatocyte proliferation in patients with chronic liver disease? (1995)

Despite numerous studies on the effects of bile salts therapy in chronic liver disease, there are no reports on the influence such therapy has on hepatocyte proliferation. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effect of TUDCA on hepatocyte proliferation in 5 patients with HCV-correlated chronic liver disease. All patients were treated with TUDCA (10-13 mg/day) for three months and the determination of PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) expression was used to assess the proliferative activity of hepatocytes at the beginning and at the end of treatment. TUDCA reduced both ALT and Knodell's score in the 5 patients in whom a significant increase of PCNA-LI (p < 0.05) was observed after treatment. TUDCA administration seems to stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in man.
A Holistic Tool for Developing a Wireless Home-Based Health Monitoring System (2013)

Early detection and diagnosis of potentially fatal physiological conditions such as heart attacks, require continuous monitoring of patient health following transfer from hospital to home. In response to this need, wireless home-based health monitoring systems (WHMS) are being proposed as a low-cost solution. A WHMS (Figure 1) consists of physiological sensors that store, process, and communicate physiological data through a wireless communication network to a local manager (LM) such as a smartphone, which in turn uses cloud services for diagnosis. Such WHMS should satisfy strict safety, security, reliability, and long-term real-time operation requirements, as mandated by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by policies such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Development of a WHMS that satisfies these requirements is a challenging task, and several tools have been proposed for this purpose. However, such tools are often lacking in several aspects of the WHMS life cycle, including design, development, and maintenance. The principal challenge in developing a holistic, wireless, home-based health monitoring tool comes from its potential diverse set of users. A WHMS life-cycle management tool should be usable by the following set of users each having their own needs and knowledge base: a) Physicians have expert knowledge on diagnosis of a patient using WHMS. In this regard, they might need monitoring and display of physiological signals, usage of signal processing algorithms for diagnosis, and storage of medical records. However, we do not expect them to have knowledge of intricate engineering processes in a WHMS, such as architectural details of sensor hardware and programming languages. b) Developers possess the required technical skills to implement WHMS hardware and software. They need to perform platform A Holistic Tool for Developing a Wireless Home-Based Health Monitoring System
A probabilistic model for intelligent Web crawlers (2004)

With the enormous growth of the World Wide Web in recent years, the issue of how to discover Web pages efficiently has become an important challenge for Web crawler designers. In this paper, we will outline a simple model to predict the distribution of the search depth in a breadth-first search to reach the first Web pages relevant to a user query. We define this probability as the crawler confidence. Recent studies by Y. Deshpande and S. Hansen (2001) indicate that at a large scale the Web structure subscribes to power law distribution on several aspects. However, our work tries to model a microscopic linkage structure of the Web from an intelligent crawler's point of view. With the information provided by crawler confidence, an intelligent crawler can adjust its crawling behavior to achieve a higher harvest rate.
Enzyme immobilization on tritylagarose (1982)

A method is described for the immobilization on tritylated agarose or Sepharose columns of a wide spectrum of enzymes, including types useful in contemporary biochemistry/molecular biology, many of which have never before been reported as immobilized. The method involves the formation of noncovalent hydrophobic bonds between the enzymes and trityl groups which are attached to the agarose by means of ether bonds. The immobilization of calf intestinal and E. coli alkaline phosphatases to tritylagarose is reported in detail. Their binding strength, binding capacity, and long-term stability (greater than six months) are described as a function of the salt concentration, pH, buffer type, and degree of agarose substitution. Homologies are noted between tritylagarose-bound and membrane-bound phosphatases. This method compares favorably with other methods, covalent or otherwise, reported to date, in terms of the enzyme immobilization yield (ca. 100%), the mildness of conditions, resulting, in most cases, in the retention of a high degree of activity, the ease and speed of the manipulations, and the long-term stability of the immobilized enzyme. Further, it is noted that highly tritylated and crosslinked Sephadex G10 selectively and mildly removes detergents from enzyme solutions.
Adaptive normalized metal artifact reduction (ANMAR) in computed tomography (2011)

Metal artifacts drastically impair the image quality in CT images and often reduce their diagnostic value. There are many publications on metal artifact reduction (MAR) which regard the metal-affected parts of the rawdata as completely unreliable and therefore replace it. While those sinogram inpainting methods are in general successful in removing metal artifacts, they cannot exactly recover the true values which are replaced and therefore the corrected image will exhibit new artifacts and blurring.
A control structure for fast harmonics compensation in active filters (2003)

Shunt active filters are a means to improve power quality in distribution networks. Typically, they are connected in parallel to disturbing loads in order to reduce the injection of nonsinusoidal load currents into the utility grid. The high power active filter investigated in this paper is based on a PWM controlled voltage source inverter. Its inner current control is realized with a deadbeat controller that allows fast tracking of stochastically fluctuating load currents. For the mitigation of stationary load current harmonics, an outer control loop is required that compensates for the persistent phase error caused by the delay of the inner loop. The outer loop developed in this paper is based on integrating oscillators tuned to the major load current harmonics. Mathematically, they are equivalent to I-controllers in rotating reference frames. Some of these oscillators are located within a closed control loop. For frequencies where the feedback would excite grid resonances they are placed in a prefilter with phase shifting elements. Since all oscillators share a common feedback full selectivity of the harmonic analysis is achieved. For every harmonic the degree of compensation can be adjusted individually. In addition to the oscillators, a direct path is provided that feeds forward the load current to the inner control loop. Thus, load current transients can be tracked with the full speed of the dead-beat controller. The direct path does not affect the harmonic analysis performed by the oscillators.
A Novel Anti-PcrV Antibody Providing Enhanced Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Multiple Animal Infection Models (2014)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, particularly in mechanically ventilated patients, and it is the leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis patients. A key virulence factor associated with disease severity is the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS), which injects bacterial toxins directly into the cytoplasm of host cells. The PcrV protein, located at the tip of the T3SS injectisome complex, is required for T3SS function and is a well-validated target in animal models of immunoprophylactic strategies targeting P. aeruginosa. In an effort to identify a highly potent and protective monoclonal antibody (MAb) that inhibits the T3SS, we generated and characterized a panel of novel anti-PcrV MAbs. Interestingly, some MAbs exhibiting potent inhibition of T3SS in vitro failed to provide protection in a mouse model of P. aeruginosa infection, suggesting that effective in vivo inhibition of T3SS with anti-PcrV MAbs is epitope dependent. V2L2MD, while not the most potent MAb as assessed by in vitro cytotoxicity inhibition assays, provided strong prophylactic protection in several murine infection models and a postinfection therapeutic model. V2L2MD mediated significantly (P < 0.0001) better in vivo protection than that provided by a comparator antibody, MAb166, a well-characterized anti-PcrV MAb and the progenitor of a clinical candidate, KB001-A. The results described here support further development of a V2L2MD-containing immunotherapeutic and may suggest even greater potential than was previously recognized for the prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections in high-risk populations.
An 800MHz star-connected on-chip network for application to systems on a chip (2003)

A 10.8/spl times/6.0mm/sup 2/ prototype chip is implemented with a star-connected on-chip network. The chip consists of a PLL, 1KB SRAM, two 2/spl times/2 crossbar switches, Up/Down-Samplers, two off-chip gateways, and synchronizers. The on-chip network contains 81k transistors, dissipates 264mW at 2.3V and 800MHz, and provides 1.6GB/s per port and 12.8GB/s aggregated bandwidth, supporting plesiochronous communication without global synchronization.
Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Steinberg Ratings of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis (1989)

Between 1979 and 1985, 95 patients with femoral head osteonecrosis met the protocol for treatment of 118 hips with selected pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). Etiologies included trauma (17), alcohol (9), steroid use (46), sickle cell disease (2), and idiopathy (44). The average age was 38 years, and the average follow-up period since the onset of symptoms was 5.3 years. PEMF treatment had been instituted an average of 4.1 years earlier. By the Steinberg quantitative staging method of roentgenographic analysis, none of the 15 hips in Stages 0-III showed progression, and grading improved in nine of 15. Eighteen of 79 hips (23%) with Stage IV lesions progressed and none improved. In the Stage V category, one of 21 hips (5%) worsened and none improved. Three Stage VI lesions were unchanged. The overall rate of quantified progression for the 118 hips, 87% of which had collapse present when entering the program, was 16%. This value represents a reversal of the percentage of progression reported recently by other investigators using conservative and selected surgical methods. PEMF patients also have experienced long-term improvements in symptoms and signs, together with a reduction in the need for early joint arthroplasty.
Economic Burden of Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Medicare Enrollees (2006)

Prognostic study, level II-1 (retrospective study). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Carcinogen-mediated methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase amplification in Chinese hamster cells. (1986)

We have investigated different parameters characterizing carcinogen-mediated enhancement of methotrexate resistance in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in simian virus 40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo (C060) cells. We show that this enhancement reflects dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene amplification. The carcinogens used in this work are alkylating agents and UV irradiation. Both types of carcinogens induce a transient enhancement of methotrexate resistance which increases gradually from the time of treatment to 72 to 96 h later and decreases thereafter. Increasing doses of carcinogens decrease cell survival and increase the enhancement of methotrexate resistance. Enhancement was observed when cells were treated at different stages in the cell cycle, and it was maximal when cells were treated during the early S phase. These studies of carcinogen-mediated dhfr gene amplification coupled with our earlier studies on viral DNA amplification in simian virus 40-transformed cells demonstrate that the same parameters characterize the amplification of both genes. Possible cellular mechanisms responsible for the carcinogen-mediated gene amplification phenomenon are discussed.
Der Wärmetransformator – Grundlagen und Anwendungen (1988)

Abstract Heat transformers – principles and applications. Heat transformers can transform low temperature waste heat into useful heat of higher temperature. They work by a sorption process and require little mechanical energy. This paper reviews the fundamentals, development trends, possible applications, and reports the efficiencies that can be expected when using different working substances. The economy of the process depends strongly on the credit for the useful heat. Some heat transformers are already in operation and deliver useful heat in the range of 1 to 10 MW.
The Codebook Design for MIMO Precoding Systems in LTE and LTE-A (2010)

The codebook based precoding is a promising technology adopted by Long Term Evolution (LTE), which fixes a common codebook comprising a set of vectors and matrices at both the transmitter and the receiver. For the codebook design, it is necessary to achieve high precoding gain, lower feedback overhead and flexibility to support various antenna configurations and different numbers of data streams. The generation of codebook in LTE is illustrated in detail and while the preceding approaches provide steady improvements in wireless communications, further improvements still may be made to achieve the acquirements of LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). It is important to set some guidelines, and according to these guidelines a new 8Tx codebook design scheme is given.
Biochemical Aspects of Insect Immunology (1986)

Although the insect circulatory system is involved in a multitude of vital physiological processes, it has gone grossly understudied. This review highlights this critical physiological system by detailing the structure and function of the circulatory ...Read More