gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control Method for Realistic Motion in a Construction Tele-robotic System with a 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism (2003)

In this study, we developed a construction tele-robotic system, which can be widely used, for example, for restoration works in damaged areas. The system consists of a servo-controlled construction robot, two joysticks for operations of the robot from a remote place and a 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel mechanism. An important problem to be solved in such a system is how to convey adequate presence of working area in a high quality to the operator. In this paper, we propose a control method of a 3-DOF parallel link mechanism to simulate the motion of the construction robot by using three acceleration sensors. The validity of this method has been confirmed experimentally. According to the experimental result, each motion of roll, pitch and heave of the construction robot can be simulated accurately by the 3-DOF parallel mechanisms.
Syntax-directed Translation of Concurrent Programs into Self-timed Circuits (1988)

This chapter contains sections titled: Source Language, Target Language, Syntax-directed Translation, Optimizations, Compiler and Performance, Acknowledgments, References
The human S100 protein MRP-14 is a novel activator of the beta 2 integrin Mac-1 on neutrophils. (1998)

The 14-kDa myeloid-related protein (MRP-14) and its heterodimeric partner, MRP-8, are members of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins (S100A9 and S100A8, respectively). Their importance in neutrophil function is implied by their unusual abundance in neutrophil cytosol (approximately 40% of cytosolic protein). Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated the extracellular association of these proteins with vascular endothelium adjacent to transmigrating leukocytes. We report here a function for MRP-14 as a stimulator of neutrophil adhesion mediated by the beta 2 integrin, Mac-1. MRP-14 is an affinity regulator of Mac-1 because it promotes binding of soluble ligand and expression of an "activation reporter" epitope of high affinity beta 2 integrins recognized by mAb24. The activity of MRP-14 is confined to regulating integrin function because, unlike other inflammatory agonists, there was no release of L-selectin, up-regulation of cytosolic Mac-1, or induction of neutrophil respiratory burst or calcium flux. Furthermore, MRP-14 does not act as a chemoattractant or cause alterations in cell shape or cytoskeleton. MRP-8 has a regulatory role in MRP-14 activity, inhibiting the adhesion induced by MRP-14 through the formation of the heterodimer. In terms of mechanism of action, MRP-14 does not increase Mac-1 function by direct binding to this integrin but recognizes a distinct receptor on neutrophils. This receptor interaction is pertussis toxin sensitive, indicating that MRP-14-generated signals leading to a Mac-1 affinity increase are heterotrimeric G protein dependent. We postulate that MRP-14 and MRP-8 are important in vivo candidates for the regulated adhesion of neutrophils through control of Mac-1 activity.
Mass Diffusion in a Hydrophobic Membrane Humidification/Dehumidification Process: the Effects of Membrane Characteristics (2006)

Abstract Humidification and dehumidification are common processes in air conditioning industry. In this study, a new technique‐the hydrophobic membrane based air humidification and dehumidification are investigated. The effects of membrane characteristics on moisture exchange effectiveness of the system are studied. A two‐dimensional transient model which takes into account the combined mechanisms of Knudsen flow and ordinary diffusion in membrane pores is proposed and validated. Four membranes, 2 hydrophobic treated Nylon and 2 PVDF, are used in the test to validate the model. Then the effects of variations of membrane properties on the system performance and membrane to total resistance ratio, are evaluated. A dimensionless Number of Transfer Units (NTU) can be summarized to govern the moisture exchange performance. Following, a correlation has been obtained to reflect the relations between the moisture exchange effectiveness and the Number of Transfer Units. Keywords: Air dehumidification/humidificationhydrophobic membranesmass transfer Acknowledgements This Project 50306005 is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. The project is also supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 05006557.
The Chemtrak Hp Chek Fingerstick Whole Blood Serology Test for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection (1998)

The Hp Chek whole blood serology test was easy to perform and rapid and yielded performance characteristics comparable to those of a reference ELISA or the Hp Chek used with serum.
Improved nucleation of TiN atomic layer deposition films on SiLK low-<i>k</i> polymer dielectric using an Al2O3 atomic layer deposition adhesion layer (2003)

Diffusion barriers are required to prevent copper from diffusing into low-k polymer dielectrics in backend interconnects. The ability to deposit conformal diffusion barriers onto high aspect ratio, low-k polymer features requires atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. This study examined TiN ALD on SiLK (a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company) low-k polymer dielectric using tetrakis-dimethylamino titanium and NH3. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS), optical microscopy, and surface profiling of the TiN ALD films deposited on SiLK revealed discontinuous films displaying distinct patchy regions. The patches corresponded to a thinner TiN coating and were attributed to difficulties for TiN ALD nucleation on SiLK. To study TiN ALD nucleation, in situ quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were performed by spincoating SiLK onto the QCM sensor. Subsequent QCM measurements during TiN ALD revealed very low initial TiN ALD growth rates indicating poor nucleation. Al2O3 ALD was then performed on the SiLK film using trimethyl aluminum and H2O. Surface profiling, XRFS, QCM, and transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed that the Al2O3 ALD film nucleates immediately on SiLK producing a continuous Al2O3 film. In addition, QCM measurements showed that TiN ALD nucleates readily on the Al2O3 surface. The Al2O3 ALD adhesion layer facilitated the growth of a continuous TiN ALD film on SiLK. Examination of TiN ALD films prepared on SiLK with progressively thinner Al2O3 ALD adhesion layers revealed that 10 Al2O3 ALD cycles were sufficient to promote the nucleation of the TiN ALD film.
Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on copper (2013)

The era of two-dimensional materials has begun with graphene.It is the first artificially-isolated single-atom-thick material, which is also an exceptional example of its kind.With its extraordinary physical and chemical properties, it has become hugely popular among scientists and technologists in a timeframe of less than a decade.
Silicon Analysis of Breast and Capsular Tissue from Patients with Saline or Silicone Gel Breast Implants: II. Correlation with Connective-Tissue Disease (1998)

The silicone breast implant controversy rages on. Recent work has demonstrated that normal or baseline breast tissue silicon levels in women who had had no prior exposure to any type of breast implant may be as high as 446 microg/gm of tissue. These data ranged from 4 to 446 microg/gm of tissue, with a median of 27.0 microg/gm of tissue. In addition, numerous other epidemiologic and rheumatologic studies have demonstrated no association between silicone breast implants and any connective-tissue diseases. Despite these reports, the use of silicone implants remains restricted. The present study measured breast and capsular tissue silicon levels from 23 breasts in 14 patients with saline implants, and from 42 breasts in 29 patients with silicone implants. No patient in the saline implant group presented with signs or symptoms of connective-tissue disease. Patients with silicone implants, however, were divided into three groups based on the presence or absence of signs or symptoms of connective-tissue disease: group I, no symptoms or signs; group II, + symptoms, no signs; and group III, + symptoms, + signs. Six patients in group III were diagnosed with a specific connective-tissue disease, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma. The most common indications for implant removal or exchange were capsular contracture and implant rupture, although 41 percent of patients with silicone implants expressed media-related concern over the implant issue. The most common symptoms described by patients in groups II and III were joint pain and stiffness, arm pain and numbness, and fatigue. In all groups, capsular tissue silicon levels were significantly greater than breast tissue levels. This finding may indicate that the capsule serves as a barrier to the distribution of silicone from the implant into adjacent breast tissue. Although breast tissue silicon levels in patients with silicone implants were not significantly greater than those in patients with saline implants (p = 0.48), capsular tissue levels in patients with silicone implants were, indeed, significantly greater than those in patients with saline implants (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences in tissue silicon levels were observed with relation to the presence or absence of connective-tissue disease signs or symptoms in patients with silicone implants (groups I to III). Therefore, these data strengthen the conclusion that there is no association between tissue silicon levels and connective-tissue disease.
Towards a better understanding of Web applications (2001)

The paper presents a framework to recover the architecture of Web applications. Developers can visualize and navigate the recovered, architecture. Furthermore, they can analyze the architecture to gain a better understanding of their Web application. The Portable Bookshelf (PBS) environment combines much of the knowledge and techniques developed over the last decade in program understanding. It has been used to recover the design of large applications such as Linux, Apache and Mozilla. The paper describes the reuse and extension of the capabilities of PBS to support the design recovery of Web applications. We developed a set of tools capable of parsing and extracting relations between the components of Web applications. Also, we modified PBS's visualizer to handle the heterogenous nature of the Web.
Sesquiterpenes from Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents (1992)

Bioassay-directed fractionation of clove terpenes from the plant Eugenia caryophyllata has led to the isolation of the following five active known compounds: beta-caryophyllene [1], beta-caryophyllene oxide [2], alpha-humulene [3], alpha-humulene epoxide I [4], and eugenol [5]. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis (hreims, 1H and 13C nmr). These compounds showed significant activity as inducers of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase in the mouse liver and small intestine. The ability of natural anticarcinogens to induce detoxifying enzymes has been found to correlate with their activity in the inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis. Thus, these sesquiterpenes show promise as potential anticarcinogenic agents.
Prediction and spectral profile estimation in multivariate calibration (2004)

Abstract Direct and indirect calibration have been compared with respect to both prediction and model interpretation. This included their ability to estimate the pure spectral profile of each known constituent in a mixture of different metal–ion complexes. In the examples, the predictions by indirect calibration, represented by the PLS and O‐PLS methods, were consistently better than those of direct calibration, exemplified by the CLS method. It was further demonstrated that indirect calibration is equally capable to direct calibration in estimating the pure spectral profiles, as long as the unknown systematic variation is properly handled. A linear transformation of the regression coefficient matrix, given by K = B(B T B) −1 , is all that is needed. Note that this does not only apply to spectral data, but any situation where the Y‐variables can be assumed to additively contribute to the variation in the X matrix. Throughout the examples, the O‐PLS method was able to maintain good spectral profile estimates and predictions. This indicates that O‐PLS may be the approach for simultaneous good prediction and interpretation of complex multivariate systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta-analysis of All Immune Epitope Data in the <i>Flavivirus</i> Genus: Inventory of Current Immune Epitope Data Status in the Context of Virus Immunity and Immunopathology (2010)

A meta-analysis was performed in order to inventory the immune epitope data related to viruses in the genus Flavivirus. Nearly 2000 epitopes were captured from over 130 individual Flavivirus-related references identified from PubMed and reported as of September 2009. This report includes all epitope structures and associated immune reactivity from the past and current literature, including: the epitope distribution among pathogens and related strains, the epitope distribution among different pathogen antigens, the number of epitopes defined in human and animal models of disease, the relationship between epitopes identified in different disease states following natural (or experimental) infection, and data from studies focused on candidate vaccines. We found that the majority of epitopes were defined for dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV). The prominence of DENV and WNV data in the epitope literature is likely a reflection of their overall worldwide impact on human disease, and the lack of vaccines. Conversely, the relatively smaller number of epitopes defined for the other viruses within the genus (yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis virus) most likely reflects the presence of established prophylaxis and/or their more modest impact on morbidity and mortality globally. Through this work we hope to provide useful data to those working in the area of Flavivirus research.
ITOHealth: A Multimodal Location-Based System for Discovering Medical Entities (2010)

The diversity of hospitals and medical specialists generates the dispersion or isolation of the medical information of those entities causing its difficult location. The location of medical entities is very useful for health care of people especially when the information of such entities is isolated and is necessary an information system in order to integrate all this information in a single unit for faster access to the benefit of specialists in health care and society in general. This paper proposes ITOHealth which is a multimodal system that provides the necessary mechanisms to record and manage the information from medical entities in a single Web site for easy location through two options: a PHP Web and J2ME application.
An influenza B epidemic within a remote Alaska community. Serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical observations (1970)

During January 1969 an epidmic of influenza B was documented in Klawock, Alaska, a remote insular community 80 miles west of Ketchikan. One person died and 149 others developed an acute respiratory disease characterized by fever, cough, headache, and coryza. A fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titer to influenza B developed in 26 persons, and influenza B virus was isolated from 5 patients. Reciprocal HI testing of the Alaska strain (B/Alaska/4-69) did not disclose a significant antigenic difference from the vaccine strain (B/Massachusetts/3-66). However, 36 of the 46 persons who had been vaccinated during the preceding 3 to 12 months developed clinical influenza, and the attack rate within this group did not differ significantly from the attack rate among the unvaccinated population.
<scp>NADPH</scp> oxidase is a novel target of delphinidin for the inhibition of <scp>UVB</scp>‐induced <scp>MMP</scp>‐1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts (2013)

We investigated the reported antiphotoaging effects of the major anthocyanidin delphidin and sought to identify its specific molecular target during UVB-induced MMP-1 expression. Delphinidin treatment significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in primary cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), an effect associated with the suppression of MKK4-JNK1/2, MKK3/6-p38 and MEK-ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Further investigation revealed that delphinidin significantly inhibited UVB-induced ROS production and NOX activity. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of delphinidin on UVB-induced NOX activity was stronger than that of apocynin, a pharmaceutical NOX inhibitor. Fractioned cell analysis results using a Western blot assay showed that this effect occurred through the inhibition of UVB-induced P47(phox) (a NOX subunit) translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. Pull down assays demonstrated that delphinidin binds directly to P47(phox) in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that delphinidin targets NOX, resulting in the suppression of UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts.
Funding of human stem cell research by the United States (2000)

During the fall of 1998, three research groups announced that they had devised methods for obtaining human embryonic stem cells. Human stem cells are characterized by the ability to form many cell types, and the scientific community anticipates that the cells should be useful for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The dilemma is that human stem cell methodology can require, at least to some extent, research with human fetal tissue or research involving human embryos. Those opposed to federal funding of the former are concerned that the studies would support the legitimacy of abortion, while the latter is seen as prohibited under current law. The National Bioethics Advisory Committee has suggested that the federal government should fund both activities.
Literature and Society (1947)

The relationship between literature and various phases of society during economic development, capitalism, socialism, and fascism, is discussed. The importance of aid and freedom and democratic defences against the temptations of the bureaucracy are also discussed.
CD5 Negatively Regulates the T-Cell Antigen Receptor Signal Transduction Pathway: Involvement of SH2-Containing Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 (1999)

The negative regulation of T- or B-cell antigen receptor signaling by CD5 was proposed based on studies of thymocytes and peritoneal B-1a cells from CD5-deficient mice. Here, we show that CD5 is constitutively associated with phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity in Jurkat T cells. CD5 was found associated with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing hematopoietic phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in both Jurkat cells and normal phytohemagglutinin-expanded T lymphoblasts. This interaction was increased upon T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 cell stimulation. CD5 co-cross-linking with the TCR-CD3 complex down-regulated the TCR-CD3-increased Ca2+ mobilization in Jurkat cells. In addition, stimulation of Jurkat cells or normal phytohemagglutinin-expanded T lymphoblasts through TCR-CD3 induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of several protein substrates, which was substantially diminished after CD5 cross-linking. The CD5-regulated substrates included CD3zeta, ZAP-70, Syk, and phospholipase Cgammal but not the Src family tyrosine kinase p56(lck). By mutation of all four CD5 intracellular tyrosine residues to phenylalanine, we found the membrane-proximal tyrosine at position 378, which is located in an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory (ITIM)-like motif, crucial for SHP-1 association. The F378 point mutation ablated both SHP-1 binding and the down-regulating activity of CD5 during TCR-CD3 stimulation. These results suggest a critical role of the CD5 ITIM-like motif, which by binding to SHP-1 mediates the down-regulatory activity of this receptor.
How to shop on the Web without seeing red (2001)

Abstract— Using the World Wide Web to order goods and services is a rapidly increasing activity. Experience with mail‐order catalogs has shown that failure of goods to match the catalog color is a major category of complaint. Ordering colored goods on the Web poses even greater challenges. Useful devices to standardize cathode‐ray tubes, and other self‐luminous displays, are available, but these only address the problem of display set‐up. Other relevant problems include the effects of changes in the level of luminance, lack of color constancy of goods with changes in illuminant color, departures from a set of color‐matching functions of the spectral sensitivities of acquisition devices, observer metamerism, the effect of the surround on the appearance of the display, and limitations in the gamut and in the resolution of typical displays. The extent to which these factors are likely to be important is discussed, and ways in which some of their effects might be mitigated are considered.
Graphene-based fabrics and their applications: a review (2016)

This review covers the up-to-date synthesis and applications of graphene-based fabrics obtained by chemical coating or by chemical vapor deposition.
Progress & Compress: A scalable framework for continual learning (2018)

We introduce a conceptually simple and scalable framework for continual learning domains where tasks are learned sequentially. Our method is constant in the number of parameters and is designed to preserve performance on previously encountered tasks while accelerating learning progress on subsequent problems. This is achieved by training a network with two components: A knowledge base, capable of solving previously encountered problems, which is connected to an active column that is employed to efficiently learn the current task. After learning a new task, the active column is distilled into the knowledge base, taking care to protect any previously acquired skills. This cycle of active learning (progression) followed by consolidation (compression) requires no architecture growth, no access to or storing of previous data or tasks, and no task-specific parameters. We demonstrate the progress & compress approach on sequential classification of handwritten alphabets as well as two reinforcement learning domains: Atari games and 3D maze navigation.
Direct-Coupled-Resonator Filters (1957)

A new analysis is given of direct-coupled-resonator filters that results in excellent response at much greater bandwidths than has previously been possible. The method relies on the fact that the coupling elements can be made into perfect impedance inverters, or "quarter-wave" transformers, by the addition of negative elements in lumped-constant circuits, or of short negative lengths of line in waveguide and transmission-line circuits. Specific design formulas are given for filters constructed of lumped-constant elements, waveguide, and strip or other TEM transmission line, and for pass band response functions of the maximally flat and Tchebycheff types. The formulas include a simple frequency transformation that corrects for the frequency sensitivity of the coupling reactances, and thereby greatly improves the design accuracy for both lumpedconstant and microwave types when the bandwidth is more than a few per cent. Exact response curves computed from typical filter designs are compared to the prototype-function response curves, and it is shown that the design formulas give good results with bandwidths of at least 20 per cent in guide wavelength in the case of waveguide filters, or 20 per cent in frequency for TEM-mode transmission-line and lumped-constant filters.