gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyamine oxidation, programmed cell death, and regulation of melanoma in the murine embryonic limb. (1989)

The murine embryonic limb at day 14 of gestation suppresses tumor formation by melanoma cells. Conditioned media of embryonic limbs have been found cytotoxic for B16 melanoma cells. The cytotoxicity is due to the catabolism of polyamines in the limb bud extracts by an amine oxidase in the serum supplement of the culture medium. However, a polyamine oxidase activity, similar to that in adult rat liver, is also detectable in homogenates of embryonic limbs. Thus, the embryonic limb contains the necessary components to produce polyamine-derived cytotoxic metabolites, which are present at the time programmed cell death occurs. This leads to the hypothesis that injected melanoma cells are killed incidentally by the mechanism that mediates programmed cell death.
Renal hemodynamic and excretory effects of n‐0861, a non‐xanthine adenosine A<sub>1</sub>‐receptor antagonist (1994)

Abstract The renal hemodynamic and excretory effects of intravenous N‐0861, a non‐xanthine adenosine A 1 ‐receptor antagonist, were evaluated in conscious and anesthetized male Sprague‐Dawely rats. In conscious rats, N‐0861 (10, 30 μmol/kg, iv) significantly increased the excretion of urine, Na + , and K + ; U Cl V was increased only in the rats treated with 10 μmol/kg, N‐0861. The relative excretion of K + was similar to that of Na + . Lower doses of N‐0861 (1, 3 μmol/kg, iv) had no effect. During clearance studies in anesthetized rats, N‐0861 (3, 10, 30 μmol/kg, iv) had little effect on systemic or renal hemodynamics, but provoked significant saluresis that was poorly related to dose, and that was characterized by a somewhat greater excretion of Na + and Cl −− relative to K + . These results indicate that the selective adenosine A 1 receptor antagonist N‐0861 has little influence on resting renal hemodynamics and suggest that the natriuretic responses are due to inhibition of tubular Na + reabsorption.
Prospective Evaluation of Men With Stage T1C Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (1997)

Purpose-The pathological characteristics of stage Tlc cancers in the era of widespread prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing were determined, and the ability of pretreatment parameters to predict tumor significance in men with stage Tlc disease was evaluated.Materials and Methods-Of 336 men with stage Tlc prostate cancer seen between 1994 and 1996, 240 (71.4%) were treated with radical prostatectomy, 20 (6%) with radiation therapy and 76 (22.6%) expectantly.Recommendations for treatment were based on previously determined criteria predictive of a significant stage Tlc cancer (more than 0.2 cm. 3 : 1) PSA density 0.15 ng./ ml./gm.or more, 2) Gleason score 7 or greater, 3) 3 or more cores involved with cancer, or 4) 50% or more involvement of any core with cancer.Pathological evaluation of prostatectomy specimens allowed classification of tumors as insignificant (confined tumor smaller than 0.2 cm. 3 with a Gleason score of less than 7), minimal (confined tumor 0.2 to less than 0.5 cm. 3 with a Gleason score of less than 7), moderate (0.5 cm. 3 or larger disease, or capsular penetration with a Gleason score of less than 7) and advanced (capsular penetration with a Gleason score of 7 or more, or positive margins, seminal vesicles or lymph nodes).Pathological characteristics of tumors in this series were compared to a previous series of 157 men with stage Tlc cancers who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 1992.Results-Of 240 men who underwent radical prostatectomy tumors were insignificant in 40 (17%), minimal in 29 (12%), moderate in 124 (52%) and advanced in 47 (19%).An increase in organ confined cancers (51 to 72%) and a decrease in positive margins (17 to 8%) were noted when comparing stage Tlc series (1988 to 1992 versus 1994 to 1996) but the percentage of insignificant tumors remained stable (16 versus 17%) between series.Ultrasound and sextant biopsies were available for review in 72 cases (current series).If the pretreatment criteria used to recommend therapy suggested significant tumor (64 cases) then insignificant tumor was present in only 10 (16%).If pretreatment criteria suggested insignificant tumor (8 cases), insignificant or minimal tumor was present in 6 (75%) and moderate organ confined disease was present in 2 (25%).The absence of a lesion on ultrasound and measurement of total length of cancer within the biopsy specimen were not predictive of an insignificant tumor.Conclusions-In a nonscreened population stage Tlc cancers are being discovered earlier with widespread PSA testing.Even with the detection of earlier cancers we demonstrated that it is possible to minimize the number of patients with small tumors who will undergo radical prostatectomy using pretreatment criteria to counsel men regarding appropriate management options.
Inefficient dystrophin expression after cord blood transplantation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2010)

We report a boy who received two allogeneic stem cell transplantations from umbilical cord donors to treat chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The CGD was cured after the second transplantation, but 2.5 years later he was diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Examinations of his DNA, muscle tissue, and myoblast cultures derived from muscle tissue were performed to determine whether any donor dystrophin was being expressed. The boy was found to have a large-scale deletion on the X chromosome that spanned the loci for CYBB and DMD. The absence of dystrophin led to muscle histology characteristic of DMD. Analysis of myofibers demonstrated no definite donor cell engraftment. This case suggests that umbilical cord-derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will not be efficacious in the therapy of DMD without additional interventions that induce engraftment of donor cells in skeletal muscle.
Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in regulation of vascular tone and remodeling. Update on humoral regulation of vascular tone. (1991)

In addition to preserving the permselectivity of the vascular wall and providing an antithrombogenic surface, the vascular endothelium contributes importantly to the regulation of vasomotor tone. Indeed, the endothelium participates in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; the enzymatic inactivation of several plasma constituents such as bradykinin, norepinephrine, serotonin, and ADP; and the synthesis and release of vasodilator substances such as prostacyclin and the recently discovered endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). The diffusible EDRF released from the endothelium is nitric oxide or a substance closely related to it such as nitrosothiol. The endothelium also synthesizes and releases vasoconstrictive factors, including products derived from arachidonic acid metabolism and the recently discovered peptide endothelin. An increasing body of evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that EDRF and endothelium-derived contracting factors play an important role in vascular physiology and pathology. It has become apparent that the balance of these factors may be a major determinant of systemic and regional hemodynamics. Moreover, through generally opposite effects on growth-related vascular changes, contracting factors such as endothelin and relaxing factors such as EDRF also may be important determinants of the vascular response to injury in various disease states such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is clear that the vascular endothelium is a complex and dynamic organ. Understanding endothelium function in normal physiology and disease states is of potential clinical importance and should be the focus of future investigation.
Preparation, characterization, and application of NR/SBR/Organoclay nanocomposites in the tire industry (2010)

Abstract The natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/organoclay (NR/SBR/organoclay) nanocomposites were successfully prepared with different types of organoclay by direct compounding. The optimal type of organoclay was selected by the mechanical properties characterization of the NR/SBR/organoclay composites. The series of NR/SBR/organoclay (the optimal organoclay) nanocomposites were prepared with various organoclay contents loading from 1.0 to 7.0 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr). The nearly completely exfoliated organoclay nanocomposites with uniform dispersion were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical properties measurement showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tear strength were improved significantly when the organoclay content was less than 5.0 phr. The tensile strength and the tear strength of the nanocomposite with only 3.0 phr organoclay were improved by 92.8% and 63.4%, respectively. It showed organoclay has excellent reinforcement effect with low content. The reduction of the score and cure times of the composites indicated that the organoclay acted as accelerator in the process of vulcanization. The incorporation of a small amount of organoclay greatly improved the swelling behavior and thermal stability, which was attributed to the good barrier properties of the dispersed organoclay layers. The outstanding performance of co‐reinforcement system with organoclay in the tire formulation showed that the organoclay had a good application prospect in the tire industry, especially for the improvement of abrasion resistance and the reduction of production cost. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
SystemC standard (2000)

Article SystemC standard Share on Author: Guido Arnout President and CEO, CoWare, Inc., Santa Clara, CA President and CEO, CoWare, Inc., Santa Clara, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ASP-DAC '00: Proceedings of the 2000 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation ConferenceJanuary 2000 Pages 573–578https://doi.org/10.1145/368434.368808Online:28 January 2000Publication History 11citation265DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads265Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Road Density Analysis Based on Skeleton Partitioning for Road Generalization (2009)

这篇论文基于骨骼划分为道路密度分析建议一个算法。道路密度在宏水平关于全面道路分发提供公制、统计的信息。道路密度的存在大小基于格子方法，分数维的几何学和网孔密度被考察，并且为基于骨骼划分计算道路密度的一个新方法被建议。实验基于骨骼划分说明那道路密度可以揭示全面道路分发。建议测量进一步在 1:50k 规模在 1:10k 规模和他们的概括版本对道路地图被测试。由在不同密度间隔以内比较删除百分比，道路密度阀值能被发现，它在归纳期间为进一步的操作显示需要。建议道路密度可以被用来检验道路归纳的质量，到探索道路网络的变化通过时间、空间变化，并且它也在城市的计划，交通和房地产评估实践有未来用法。
A Soft-Switched Full-Bridge Single-Stage AC-to-DC Converter With Low-Line-Current Harmonic Distortion (2005)

A single-phase high-frequency transformer-isolated soft-switching single-stage ac-to-dc converter with low-line-current distortion is presented. The circuit configuration is obtained by integrating two discontinuous current mode (DCM) boost converters with a DCM full-bridge buck converter. The zero-voltage switching for the top switches is achieved automatically, whereas bottom switches are aided by zero-voltage transition circuits. The output voltage is regulated by duty-cycle control at constant switching frequency. The intervals of operation and steady-state analysis are presented. A systematic design procedure is presented with a 1-kW converter design example. PSPICE simulation and experimental results obtained from a 1-kW laboratory prototype are presented for a wide variation in line and load conditions.
Mechanism of the reduction and oxidation reaction of cytochrome c at a modified gold electrode (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the reduction and oxidation reaction of cytochrome c at a modified gold electrodeW. John Albery, Mark J. Eddowes, H. Allen O. Hill, and A. Robert HillmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 13, 3904–3910Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00403a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00403a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Methodology for Simultaneously Measuring Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Refrigerant Mixtures (1994)

Properties, such as specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, are important thermophysical properties in any heat transfer study.Today, these properties are known for numerous fluids, however, there are still many fluids which have not been measured, especially those under the classification of refrigerant mixtures.This paper proposes a new approach for simultaneously measuring these properties.In this approach, thermal conductivity and specific heat are obtained by measuring the heat transfer charactertics of a heated test section, whereas viscosity is measured by a viscometer placed inline with the heated test section.A theoretical analysis and uncertainty analysis are also presented.The accuracy of the viscosity and thermal conductivity measurements was shown to be dependent upon the uncertainty of the equipment and heat transfer measurements.
Halogen Selectivity in Nickel Salt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Grignard Reagents with Bromochlorobenzenes a Novel Synthetic Method of Unsymmetrical Terphenyl (1991)

Abstract The reactions of aryl Grignard reagents with p- and m-bromochlorobenzenes catalyzed by non-ligated NiCl2 give selectively chlorobiphenyl derivatives. By the stepwise reaction, an unsymmetrical terphenyl was synthesized in a good yield.
Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> Receptor in Ovine <i>corpora lutea</i> (1974)

Evidence is presented for the existence of a prostaglandin‐F 2α receptor in ovine corpora lutea. Prostaglandin F 2α was specifically bound to a particulate fraction of this tissue with a dissociation constant of 0.1μM. Prostaglandins F 1α , E 1 and E 2 had considerably less affinity for the receptor whereas prostaglandins A 2 and B 2 had little or no affinity. From a comparison of the binding constants of various prostaglandins and related compounds it could be concluded that the carboxyl group, the three hydroxyl groups and the 5,6‐ cis double bond (but not the 13,14‐ trans double bond) of prostaglandin F 2α were all important for binding to the receptor.
Anatomy of the Transition Region in Gossypium (1933)

1. The transition from root to stem in Gossypium hirsutum L. is completed in the upper portion of the hypocotyl. 2. The first indication of transition from the tetrarch, exarch, protostelic primary root occurs where the metaxylem differentiates in a ring, surrounding a large pith of parenchymatous cells. 3. At a slightly higher level, parenchyma is differentiated between the metaxylem elements and four triangular shaped groups of protoxylem-metaxylem elements are formed. These are typical transition bundles. 4. Continuing up the axis, the protoxylem elements of each bundle differentiate as two rows of spiral cells, which are formed at right angles to the metaxylem. Eventually these rows are separated by parenchyma. Each transition bundle now consists of two units. At this level a cambium has differentiated secondary xylem and phloem. 5. At a higher level the protoxylem points of two bundles on opposite sides of the axis mature in line with the row of metaxylem elements. Alternating with these bundles are two transition bundles in each of which the protoxylem points are separated by parenchyma, but are at right angles to the metaxylem. Cambial activity has decreased. 6. Farther up the axis there is centripetal differentiation of the protoxylem and centrifugal differentiation of the metaxylem. Ultimately the endarch condition is reached. The rays between the halves of the two bundles that matured first are wide and from one to three metaxylem elements appear in these rays. In the alternate bundles the rays are narrow with no metaxylem elements. The more meristematic condition of this level is indicated by the relatively few metaxylem elements in each bundle and in the undifferentiated character of the phloem. 7. At the level of the cotyledonary plate, one-half unit of each original transition bundle that matured first, and the two units of the one bundle, in which the rays are narrow, are on one side of the axis. These diverge into one cotyledon. The other bundles become the vascular traces of the second cotyledon.
PGE<sub>2</sub> receptors rescue motor neurons in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2004)

Recent studies suggest that the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, promotes motor neuron loss in rodent models of ALS. We investigated the effects of PGE2, a principal downstream prostaglandin product of COX-2 activity, on motor neuron survival in an organotypic culture model of ALS. We find that PGE2 paradoxically protects motor neurons at physiological concentrations in this model. PGE2 exerts its downstream effects by signaling through a class of four distinct G-protein-coupled E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-EP4) that have divergent effects on cAMP. EP2 and EP3 are dominantly expressed in ventral spinal cord in neurons and astrocytes, and activation of these receptor subtypes individually or in combination also rescued motor neurons. The EP2 receptor is positively coupled to cAMP, and its neuroprotection was mimicked by application of forskolin and blocked by inhibition of PKA, suggesting that its protective effect is mediated by downstream effects of cAMP. Conversely, the EP3 receptor is negatively coupled to cAMP, and its neuroprotective effect was blocked by pertussis toxin, suggesting that its protective effect is dependent on Gi-coupled heterotrimeric signaling. Taken together, these data demonstrate an unexpected neuroprotective effect mediated by PGE2, in which activation of its EP2 and EP3 receptors protected motor neurons from chronic glutamate toxicity.
Modified sinusoidal fringe-pattern projection for variable illuminance in phase-shifting three-dimensional surface-shape metrology (2014)

A camera-independent method of avoiding image saturation using modified sinusoidal fringe-pattern projection to reduce surface measurement error and thus accommodate variable illuminance in phase-shifting surface-shape measurement is presented. The maximum input gray level (MIGL) in the projected patterns is reduced to an optimal tradeoff point, below which the intensity modulation, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio would diminish the advantage of further MIGL reduction. Measurement simulations using 31 MIGL values, from 105 to 255 in increments of 5, demonstrated reductions in root-mean-square errors for ambient illuminance of 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 lx, from 0.38, 0.56, 0.86, 1.21, 85, and 373 mm, respectively, at 255 MIGL, to 0.31 to 0.32 mm at the optimum MIGL. The advantage of the method was confirmed in real measurements of a flat plate and human masks. The ability to perform camera-independent measurements under variable lighting conditions and surface reflectivity may lead to more practical measurements in uncontrolled environments.
Can yeast glycolysis be understood in terms of <i>in vitro</i> kinetics of the constituent enzymes? Testing biochemistry (2000)

This paper examines whether the in vivo behavior of yeast glycolysis can be understood in terms of the in vitro kinetic properties of the constituent enzymes. In nongrowing, anaerobic, compressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae the values of the kinetic parameters of most glycolytic enzymes were determined. For the other enzymes appropriate literature values were collected. By inserting these values into a kinetic model for glycolysis, fluxes and metabolites were calculated. Under the same conditions fluxes and metabolite levels were measured. In our first model, branch reactions were ignored. This model failed to reach the stable steady state that was observed in the experimental flux measurements. Introduction of branches towards trehalose, glycogen, glycerol and succinate did allow such a steady state. The predictions of this branched model were compared with the empirical behavior. Half of the enzymes matched their predicted flux in vivo within a factor of 2. For the other enzymes it was calculated what deviation between in vivo and in vitro kinetic characteristics could explain the discrepancy between in vitro rate and in vivo flux.
Hydroxyapatite-Coated Porous Titanium for Use as an Orthopedic Biologic Attachment System (1988)

The biologic attachment characteristics of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated porous titanium and uncoated porous titanium implants were investigated. The implants were placed transcortically in the femora of adult mongrel dogs and evaluated after periods of three, six, and 12 weeks. The HA coating was applied using a modified plasma spray process to samples with pore volume and pore size of the porous coating expanded to equal the pore morphology of uncoated porous specimens. Mechanical push-out testing revealed that the bone-porous material interface shear strength increased with time in situ for both the uncoated and HA-coated implants. The use of the HA coating on porous titanium, however, did not significantly increase attachment strength. Histologic and microradiographic sections yielded similar qualitative results in the amount of bone grown into each system. After three weeks, both systems displayed primarily woven bone occupying approximately 50% of the available porous structure. Six and 12 weeks postimplantation, each system displayed more extensive bone ingrowth, organization, and mineralization, with only limited areas of immature bone. Histologically, differences were noted at the ingrown bone-porous material interface between the two implant types. The HA coating supported mineralization directly onto its surface, and a thin osseous layer was found lining all HA-coated surfaces. An extremely thin fibrous layer was observed separating the uncoated titanium particle surface from ingrown bone. There was no extensive direct apposition or lining of the ingrown bone to the uncoated porous titanium particle surfaces.