gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxation Gaps in Optimal Control Processes with State Constraints (1998)

There are a lot of very simple examples of control processes which have no optimal solution. A well-known fundamental existence theorem is that of Roxin-Fillipov; unfortunately, the assumptions in this theorem are rather strong. Sometimes one can prove existence in absence of convexity by studying “bigger” problems obtained by relaxation, that means by convexification of the sets of speed vectors. Then we try to choose a special optimal solution of the relaxed problem and apply PONTRYAGIN’S maximum principle in order to discuss whether certain derived controls are optimal ones of the original problem (or not). BALDER [1] used a similar idea to prove new existence results for optimal control problems without convexity. He applies BAUER’S extremal principle instead of the maximum principle.
Paper F–3: Design and Application of a High-Speed Time-Resolving Spectrograph (1962)

The design and construction of a time-resolving spectrograp/i /laving a time resolution of 0.02 psec and a wavelength resolution of 3 A are described. This instrument was built by the Beckman & Whitley Carp. for the Poulter Laboratories of Stanford Research Institute f o r use in the study of /lig/l-explosiue phenomena. Calibration of the instrument by use of a standard tungstenjilament lamp is described.
Linear dimerization and codimerization of 1,3,7-octatriene (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear dimerization and codimerization of 1,3,7-octatrieneW. Keim and H. ChungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 7, 947–950Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00972a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00972a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Phytase Activity, Phosphorus and Calcium Retention, and Performance of Single Comb White Leghorn Layers Fed Diets Containing Two Levels of Available Phosphorus and Supplemented with Direct-Fed Microbials (1994)

The presence of phytase activities in condensed cane molasses solubles (CCMS) and CCMS-Lactobacillus (Lacto) were determined. Single Comb White Leghorn layers were fed .25 and .45% available P (AP) diets supplemented with CCMS and CCMS-Lacto for nine 28-d periods to determine phytase activities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contents and intestine, liver, and pancreatic tissues, the GI tract pH, the P and Ca retention, and layer performance. Six dietary treatments were corn-soybean (C-S) control, C-S+CCMS, and C-S+CCMS-1,100 mg Lacto/kg diet (ppm) [4.4 x 10(7) cfu/mg Lacto] each with .25 and .45% AP. The CCMS were used as a carrier for the Lacto, and the CCMS and CCMS-Lacto premix were incorporated at 2% of the diets. Phytase activity was much higher in CCMS-Lacto premix than in CCMS. Phytase activities of the crop contents were higher with the CCMS-Lacto diets regardless of the AP level. Intestinal phytase activity was higher with the .45% AP CCMS-Lacto diet than the unsupplemented .45% AP diets. Lactobacillus supplementation did not stimulate phytase activities in the intestinal contents or liver and pancreatic tissues. The pH of the crop and intestinal contents were much lower for the Lacto-fed layers than the layers fed unsupplemented diets regardless of dietary AP levels. No differences in Ca retentions were observed with Lacto supplementation regardless of the dietary AP levels. However, higher P retentions were observed with the Lacto supplementation in the .25% AP diet. Layers fed .25 and .45% AP Lacto-supplemented diets had lower hen-day egg production, poorer feed conversion value, consumed slightly more feed, produced less egg mass, and laid larger eggs than the layers fed .25 and .45% AP unsupplemented diets. Lacto supplementation to .25% AP diet produced eggs with higher specific gravity than the unsupplemented .45% AP diet, but not different from unsupplemented .25% AP diet. Layers fed the .25% AP diets had lower BW gains then layers fed the .45% AP diets regardless of lacto supplementation. Phytase activity was present in the lacto source, and the presence of phytase and Lacto supplementation to a .25% AP diet improved P retention in layers.
Regulation of hypothalamic preprogrowth hormone-releasing factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in food-deprived rats: a role for histaminergic neurotransmission (1993)

Journal Article Regulation of hypothalamic preprogrowth hormone-releasing factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in food-deprived rats: a role for histaminergic neurotransmission Get access J F Bruno, J F Bruno 1Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Song, J Song 1Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y Xu, Y Xu 1Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Berelowitz M Berelowitz 1Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 133, Issue 3, 1 September 1993, Pages 1377–1381, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.133.3.8103451 Published: 01 September 1993
Towards Fraud Detection Methodologies (2010)

Fraud and abuse have led to significant additional expense in the banking and financial system of the United States. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the statistical methods applied to banking and financial fraud detection, with focuses on classifying fraudulent behaviors, identifying the major sources and characteristics of the data based on which fraud detection has been conducted, discussing the key steps in data preprocessing, as well as summarizing, categorizing, and comparing statistical fraud detection methods.
Opioid-Induced Constipation (2015)

Physicians need a better understanding of the negative impacts of OIC for patients and better OIC-specific methods to assess, treat, and monitor it.
Does Hair Zinc Predict Amphetamine Improvement of Add/Hyperactivity? (1990)

In 18 boys with ADHD (ages 6-12) in a balanced crossover design, parent and teacher hyperactivity rating differences between one month of dextroamphetamine and one month of placebo correlated significantly (p less than .05, 2 tailed) on Pearson's r with baseline hair zinc levels and nonsignificantly with 24-hour urinary zinc excretion. The signs of the correlations were such that a higher baseline zinc predicted a better placebo-controlled response to amphetamine. Patient baseline urinary zinc was significantly (p less than .02) lower than 7 normal controls. These findings are compatible with the possibility that some ADHD children may be mildly deficient in zinc and constitute poorer stimulant responders. Correlations of zinc levels with 24-hour urinary MHPG were in the expected direction but nonsignificantly by 2-tailed test.
Chlorella vulgaris as soil amendment: influence of encapsulation and enrichment with rhizobacteria. (2011)

Several trials with five plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and the chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris were carried out in order to look for the consortia that could show the best interactions, giving rise to improved growth of mixed cultures. Pseudomonas putida, Serratia proteomaculans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were the chosen bacteria for the consortia with Chlorella, while the proportions of microalgae/bacteria tested were 2:1, 3:1 and 3:1, respectively. Three replicates of 20 treatments were performed and studied, after sowing 20 seeds per replicate, for each of the consortia. Plantlets were left to grow for a two-week period. Maltodextrin (MD) and arabic gum (GA) or gelatine (G) were used as coats for the freeze-dried biomass microbeads. Longest roots were obtained with the consortium Chlorella:Serratia but encapsulates of Chlorella:Stenotrophomonas gave rise to meadow clover plantlets with the highest root and shoot system dried biomass, especially with coating proportions of 1:1 MD:G and MD:GA. Results obtained with this last consortium suggested some interactions with the plant metabolism, as well as some synergistic effects between Chlorella and bacteria. © 2011 Friends Science Publishers
Ionic Liquids Recycling for Reuse (2011)

Ionic Liquids -Classes and Properties 240 removed? These questions need to be answered in the context of specific applications, not abstractly or in an absolute sense. Despite the excitement of ILs, chemists are much too cautious about the propaganda of ILs' greenness. In the first major US meeting on ionic liquids, held in 2001 at the American Chemical Society meeting in San Diego, Robin Rogers (the Director of Center for Green Manufacturing at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa) said: "Before we can say that ionic liquids are green, we have to look at their entire life cycle. People are calling ionic liquids green because they are not volatile, but we have to look at how they are made all the way through to recycling and disposal" Rogers added: "Researchers also need to find better ways to recycle ionic liquids." Many processes for cleaning up ionic liquids involve washing with water or VOCs. "This needs more work. We don't want to create a secondary waste." Although ILs are invariably described as highly stable green solvents, thorough investigations to quantify their environmental impact have lagged behind the pace of other research in the area These issues are extremely important as well as the approaches for the recovery of the ILs (after their use) for further reuse (i.e., recycling). A very important challenge is to use the unique solvent properties of the ILs to develop efficient method for product separation and IL recycling [
Video compression techniques (1992)

The author discusses video compression techniques with particular emphasis on the discrete cosine transform. The approach taken for the description of the principles is one of numerical example, to illustrate the underlying simplicity of the DCT coding approaches by the avoidance of a rigorous mathematical treatment. Another redundancy reduction technique, that of sub-band coding, is briefly mentioned in the context of the hierarchical concept, which is intended to ensure that a transmitted digital signal is well-suited to a range of receiver environments and technologies. The important issue of quality in low bit-rate television is explained because its variable nature makes it very different from that of current systems.
Cochlear implants and positron emission tomography (2012)

Only when the underlying mechanisms responsible for speech processing in implantees are understood can appropriate rehabilitation for those with poor speech perception be provided and outcomes improved.
A novel high coplanarity lead free copper pillar bump fabrication process (2009)

In this paper, we report a novel plating-friendly polishing mechanism for fabrication of high coplanarity and high density lead-free copper pillar bumps for advanced packaging applications. The final experimental results showed that the UIW (Uniformity in Wafer) could be sharply decreased from 6.37% after plating to 1.7% after polishing and even to 1.7% after reflow throughout the entire 4 inch wafer.
An experimental study on coded excitation in CMUT arrays to utilize Simultaneous Transmission Multiple-zone Focusing method with frequency divided sub-band chirps (2013)

The frequency bandwidth of CMUTs (capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers) is known as relatively broader than that of other ultrasonic transducers. To utilize the wide bandwidth characteristic of the CMUT arrays, in this paper, we report on coded excitation techniques in the CMUT array. Through simulations, STMF (Simultaneous Transmit Multiple-zone Focusing) based ultrasound imaging techniques using orthogonally frequency-divided chirp signals are investigated. In the simulations, the frequency divided sub-band chirps that have orthogonal property are designed within the frequency bandwidth of the CMUT arrays, and simultaneously fired on multiple ranges, in which each signal is focused at a different range, in one transmission event. This paper also presents ultrasound images through a modulation and demodulation process of orthogonal sub-band coded signals. Experiments on the chirp-coded excitation in CMUT arrays are reported in this paper as a feasibility study of the FDMA (frequency division multiple access) like STMF method. In the experiment, mixed two orthogonal chirp signals are simultaneously fired with the CMUT arrays and the received signals are successfully separated into two compressed signals.
Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (1993)

The visual benefit from treating acute optic neuritis with intravenous followed by oral corticosteroids is short term, limited to an accelerated rate of recovery. The decision whether to prescribe this regimen for optic neuritis, or to prescribe no treatment, must be made for each patient on an individual basis. Oral prednisone alone, in the dose range used in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, should not be prescribed.
Comments on bufferbloat (2012)

While there has been much buzz in the community about the large depth of queues throughout the Internet---the so-called "bufferbloat" problem---there has been little empirical understanding of the scope of the phenomenon. Yet, the supposed problem is being used as input to engineering decisions about the evolution of protocols. While we know from wide scale measurements that bufferbloat can happen, we have no empirically-based understanding of how often bufferbloat does happen. In this paper we use passive measurements to assess the bufferbloat phenomena.
Power System Observation by using Synchronized Phasor Measurements as a Smart Device (2010)

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is an apparatus which detects the absolute value of phase angle in sinusoidal signal. When more than two units are located distantly apart from each other, and they are synchronized with GPS signal which tells us the information on exact time, it becomes ready to get phase differences between two distant places. Thus, PMU with GPS receiver is applied to the monitoring of AC power system dynamics and usually installed at substations of transmission lines. The states of power network are uniquely determined by the active and reactive power and the magnitude and phase angle of voltage in each node. Among these values the phase angle had not been easily obtained until the scheme of time synchronism with GPS appeared. In this report, the history of GPS and PMU, and the current status of the applications in power systems in the world are presented. In Japan we are developing a power system monitoring system with PMUs installed at University's campuses with 100V outlets, which is called Campus WAMS. This report also introduces some results from the Campus WAMS briefly.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Neuro-oncology: Hopes and Disappointments (2008)

Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment made over the past two decades, high-grade gliomas are still incurable neoplasms. Moreover, after failing adjuvant therapy, few active treatments are available. In this setting, novel agents, such as new chemotherapy compounds and anticancer agents against specific molecular targets, have therefore been investigated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an intriguing target in high-grade gliomas because it is frequently overexpressed due to amplification of the EGFR gene. Gefitinib and erlotinib act as ATP mimetic agents, binding to the cytoplasmic ATP pocket domain and blocking receptor phosphorylations and, thereby, EGFR-mediated activation of downstream pathways. These drugs have been evaluated in several clinical trials treating recurrent high-grade gliomas with contrasting results. Retrospective correlative analyses generated a plethora of putative predictive factors of activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The first generations of studies on EGFR inhibitors have not found significant activity of these agents in high-grade gliomas. Furthermore, no clear molecular or clinical predictors have been identified. As with other targeted agents, prospective trials using specific criteria and standardized methods to evaluate tissue biomarkers are required to find predictors of EGFR inhibitors activity in high-grade glioma patients.
Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils (2017)

Plant oils have been utilized for a variety of purposes throughout history, with their integration into foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. They are now being increasingly recognized for their effects on both skin diseases and the restoration of cutaneous homeostasis. This article briefly reviews the available data on biological influences of topical skin applications of some plant oils (olive oil, olive pomace oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, safflower seed oil, argan oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, avocado oil, borage oil, jojoba oil, oat oil, pomegranate seed oil, almond oil, bitter apricot oil, rose hip oil, German chamomile oil, and shea butter). Thus, it focuses on the therapeutic benefits of these plant oils according to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the skin, promotion of wound healing and repair of skin barrier.
Comparison of cooling and EMLA to reduce the burning pain during capsaicin 8% patch application: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2013)

Topical capsaicin 8% was developed for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. The pain reduction is associated with a reversible reduction of epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD). During its application, topical capsaicin 8% provokes distinct pain. In a randomized, double-blind study analyzed with a block factorial analysis of variance, we tested whether cooling the skin would result in reliable prevention of the application pain without inhibiting reduction of ENFD. A capsaicin 8% patch was cut into 4 quarters and 2 each were applied for 1 hour on the anterior thighs of 12 healthy volunteers. A randomization scheme provided for 1 of the application sites of each thigh to be pretreated with EMLA and the other with placebo, whereas both application sites of 1 thigh, also randomly selected, were cooled by cool packs, resulting in a site temperature of 20°C during the entire treatment period. The maximum pain level given for the cooled sites (visual analogue scale [VAS] 1.3 ± 1.4) proved to be significantly lower than for the non-cooled sites (VAS 7.5 ± 1.9) (P < .0001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in application pain between the sites pretreated with EMLA or with placebo (VAS 4.1 ± 3.6 vs 4.8 ± 3.5, P = .1084). At all application sites, ENFD was significantly reduced by 8.0 ± 2.8 (ENF/mm ± SD, P < .0001), that is, 70%, with no significant differences between the sites with the different experimental conditions. In conclusion, cooling the skin to 20°C reliably prevents the pain from capsaicin 8% patch application, whereas EMLA does not. ENFD reduction is not inhibited by cooling.
Theory of microcavity-enhanced Raman gain (1999)

We present a method for obtaining a simple relation between bulk and cavity-modified Raman gains for microcavities with arbitrary geometric shapes. The analytical expression for the microcavity-enhanced Raman gain quantitatively accounts quite well for all the main features of the related experiments.
Proteomics analyses of microvesicles released by <i>Drosophila</i> Kc167 and S2 cells (2011)

Distinct types of vesicles are formed in eukaryotic cells that conduct a variable set of functions depending on their origin. One subtype designated circulating microvesicles (MVs) provides a novel form of intercellular communication and recent work suggested the release and uptake of morphogens in vesicles by Drosophila cells. In this study, we have examined cells of the hemocyte-like cell lines Kc167 and S2 and identified secreted vesicles in the culture supernatant. The vesicles were isolated and found to have characteristics comparable to exosomes and plasma membrane MVs released by mammalian cells. In wingless-transfected cells, the full-length protein was detected in the vesicle isolates. Proteomics analyses of the vesicles identified 269 proteins that include various orthologs of marker proteins and proteins with putative functions in vesicle formation and release. Analogous to their mammalian counterparts, the subcellular origin of the vesicular constituents of both cell lines is dominated by membrane-associated and cytosolic proteins with functions that are consistent with their localization in MVs. The analyses revealed a significant overlap of the Kc167 and S2 vesicle proteomes and confirmed a close correlation with non-mammalian and mammalian exosomes.
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) of Silicon on the Whole Surface (1988)

In order to obtain a SOI layer over the whole surface, techniques using two ELO processes are presented. In the first ELO process, the silicon epitaxial layer grows vertically through openings between the <100> SiO 2 stripes and laterally across SiO 2 stripes. In the second ELO process, the silicon epitaxial layer grows laterally over the new SiO 2 layer linking the SiO 2 stripes at the bottom of the trench etched in the silicon epitaxial layer, between the SiO 2 stripes.