gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROS Detoxification and Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Linked by p38 MAPK Signaling in a Model of Mature Astrocyte Activation (2013)

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell in the retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) and optic nerve head (ONH), and perform essential roles in maintaining retinal ganglion cell (RGC) detoxification and homeostasis. Mature astrocytes are relatively quiescent, but rapidly undergo a phenotypic switch in response to insult, characterized by upregulation of intermediate filament proteins, loss of glutamate buffering, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased antioxidant production. These changes result in both positive and negative influences on RGCs. However, the mechanism regulating these responses is still unclear, and pharmacologic strategies to modulate select aspects of this switch have not been thoroughly explored. Here we describe a system for rapid culture of mature astrocytes from the adult rat retina that remain relatively quiescent, but respond robustly when challenged with oxidative damage, a key pathogenic stress associated with inner retinal injury. When primary astrocytes were exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) we consistently observed characteristic changes in activation markers, along with increased expression of detoxifying genes, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. This in vitro model was then used for a pilot chemical screen to target specific aspects of this switch. Increased activity of p38α and β Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) were identified as a necessary signal regulating expression of MnSOD, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), with consequent changes in ROS-mediated injury. Additionally, multiplex cytokine profiling detected p38 MAPK-dependent secretion of IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2α, which are proinflammatory signals recently implicated in damage to the inner retina. These data provide a mechanism to link increased oxidative stress to proinflammatory signaling by astrocytes, and establish this assay as a useful model to further dissect factors regulating the reactive switch.
Augmenting recommender systems by embedding interfaces into practices (2005)

Automated collaborative filtering systems collect evaluations from users of the quality and relevance of stored information items, arch as scientific papers, books, and movies. A number of users need to give evaluations for the systems to be able to produce statistically high quality predictions of an item's interest. Promoting the creation of a rich meta-layer of evaluations is essential for these systems, but several important issues remain to be resolved. The work presented here first analyses the issues around the collection of recommendations, then proposes a set of design principles for improving and automating the collection of recommendations, and finally presents how these principles have been implemented in a real usage setting.
IPv6 Clearly Explained (1999)

From the Publisher:
IP, the Internet Protocol, is arguably the most important single networking standard in the world today. IP is integral to networking on, and off, the Internet. It figures prominently in both Novell's and Microsoft's flagship networking products. Over 20 years old, the current specification for IP, version 4, is starting to show its age. IPv6 Clearly Explained offers a clear and distinct introduction to IPv6 for experienced network professionals as well as administrators, managers, and executives who will be coping with the upgrade. This book explains why IPv4 needs to be replaced, how IPv6 come to be, and how IPv6 actually works. This book also offers a guide to vendors who already offer IPv6-compliant software and hardware solutions.
Reducing power consumption of HEVC codec with lossless reference frame recompression (2014)

Motion estimation and motion compensation in HEVC and similar video codecs involve huge memory traffic in storing and loading reference frames. The resulting memory power composes a significant portion of system energy consumption. This paper presents a memory power reduction framework that losslessly compresses and decompresses reference frames on-the-fly. We first present the architecture that supports the random access of frame data compressed in variable ratios. The latest recompression algorithms and the corresponding VLSI implementation are also introduced. The framework has been implemented in several UHDTV ASIC and FPGA codecs. Experiments under HEVC common test conditions show an average memory traffic reduction of near 60%.
Thymic B cells of pig fetuses and germ‐free pigs spontaneously produce IgM, IgG and IgA: detection by ELISPOT method (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate spontaneous immunoglobulin production and a pattern of isotype switching by thymic B lymphocytes (TBL) as compared with cells isolated from spleen during early ontogeny using a pig model in which B-cell development is not influenced by maternal regulatory factors. A sensitive ELISPOT assay was therefore employed to detect immunoglobulins in pig fetuses, colostrum-deprived germ-free (GF) piglets as well as conventionally (CONV) reared pigs. The first spontaneously immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the thymus were detected in 67-day-old fetuses (the length of gestation period in pigs is 114 days), their number increasing during fetal ontogeny. In contrast to fetal splenic cells, which secrete exclusively IgM, fetal thymic immunoglobulin-secreting cells were determined to undergo spontaneous isotype switching to IgG and IgA. In 28-day-old GF piglets and 3-month-old CONV pigs the number of thymic immunoglobulin-secreting cells of all isotypes was comparable to the number of thymic immunoglobulin-secreting cells detected in the newborn thymus. Considerable augmentation of IgG and IgA production by splenic immunoglobulin-secreting cells in CONV pigs was observed as compared to GF newborns and GF piglets, in which IgG- and IgA-secreting cells were detected occasionally. Our results indicate that TBL represent the first B-cell population in early fetal ontogeny spontaneously undergoing isotype switching to IgG and IgA; in the postnatal period the TBL population does not appear to be influenced by external antigenic stimuli of conventional microflora.
Syntheses of Polymerizable Monoacylglycerols and 1,2-Diacyl-<i>sn</i>-glycerols (1996)

The first chemical syntheses of polymerizable monoacylglycerol and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol are reported. The monodienoylglycerol is obtained in 80% yield from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol and dienoyl fatty acid. The dienoic acid is accessible in 60% yield from the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of dienoyl ester, which is synthesized from the Wittig−Horner reaction of aldehyde and trimethyl 4-phosphonocrotonate. The acylation is carried out in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The use of excess protected glycerol relative to fatty acid affords the acylated product in high yield. The final step is the deprotection of isopropylidene group using dilute HCl solution. The 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol is synthesized by acylation of 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-sn-glycerol with dienoyl fatty acid in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The removal of the 4-methoxybenzyl group by dimethylboron bromide catalyzed hydrolysis is especially useful in the synthesis of polymerizable lipids because the deprotection proceeds without any apparent effect on the dienoyl polymerizable group and without detectable isomerization of 1,2-diacylglycerol to 1,3-diacylglycerol. The overall yield for the synthesis of the polymerizable 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol from the dienoyl fatty acid is ca. 50%.
The measurement of viscosity by optical techniques applied to a falling liquid film (1976)

Oil is placed on a flat vertical surface and flows down under gravity. Theory shows that the oil should take up a parabolic profile, the square of the thickness being directly proportional to the viscosity and inversely proportional to the time from the start of flow. This suggests a method of viscosity measurement which has a number of potential advantages. The paper gives interferometric measurements of oil films showing that, except near the upper edge of the film, the theory is accurately followed. Comparisons with a U-tube viscometer show discrepancies, probably arising from lack of temperature control and other inadequacies in the apparatus. An optical technique suitable for practical implementation of the method is suggested.
Molecular basis of reduced birth weight in smoking pregnant women: mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis (2014)

In utero exposure of fetuses to tobacco is associated with reduced birth weight. We hypothesized that this may be due to the toxic effect of carbon monoxide (CO) from tobacco, which has previously been described to damage mitochondria in non-pregnant adult smokers. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), newborn cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and placenta were collected from 30 smoking pregnant women and their newborns and classified as moderate and severe smoking groups, and compared to a cohort of 21 non-smoking controls. A biomarker for tobacco consumption (cotinine) was assessed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The following parameters were measured in all tissues: mitochondrial chain complex IV [cytochrome c oxidase (COX)] activity by spectrophotometry, mitochondrial DNA levels by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, oxidative stress by spectrophotometric lipid peroxide quantification, mitochondrial mass through citrate synthase spectrophotometric activity and apoptosis by Western blot parallelly confirmed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling) assay in placenta. Newborns from smoking pregnant women presented reduced birth weight by 10.75 percent. Materno-fetal mitochondrial and apoptotic PBMC and CBMC parameters showed altered and correlated values regarding COX activity, mitochondrial DNA, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Placenta partially compensated this dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial number; even so ratios of oxidative stress and apoptosis were increased. A CO-induced mitotoxic and apoptotic fingerprint is present in smoking pregnant women and their newborn, with a lack of filtering effect from the placenta. Tobacco consumption correlated with a reduction in birth weight and mitochondrial and apoptotic impairment, suggesting that both could be the cause of the reduced birth weight in smoking pregnant women.
<title>Design methodology for particle damping</title> (2001)

Focused research in the area of Multi-Particle Impact Damping (MPID) has resulted in new methods of characterization and prediction. An analytical method has been developed, based on the particle dynamics method, that uses characterized particle damping data to predict damping in structural systems. A methodology to design particle damping for dynamic structures will be discussed. The complete design methodology has been validated in proof-of-methodology testing on a structural component in the laboratory.
Streaming submodular maximization (2014)

How can one summarize a massive data set "on the fly", i.e., without even having seen it in its entirety? In this paper, we address the problem of extracting representative elements from a large stream of data. I.e., we would like to select a subset of say k data points from the stream that are most representative according to some objective function. Many natural notions of "representativeness" satisfy submodularity, an intuitive notion of diminishing returns. Thus, such problems can be reduced to maximizing a submodular set function subject to a cardinality constraint. Classical approaches to submodular maximization require full access to the data set. We develop the first efficient streaming algorithm with constant factor 1/2-ε approximation guarantee to the optimum solution, requiring only a single pass through the data, and memory independent of data size. In our experiments, we extensively evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on several applications, including training large-scale kernel methods and exemplar-based clustering, on millions of data points. We observe that our streaming method, while achieving practically the same utility value, runs about 100 times faster than previous work.
Clinical application of regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Animal studies have shown that administration of Tregs can prevent type 1 diabetes (DM1). Several clinical trials attempted to induce Tregs with various agents, and thus provide long-term tolerance of β cells in DM1. Nevertheless, most of these studies have focused on clinical parameters (e.g. C-peptide) and not Treg numbers nor their function after treatment. Therefore, it is not possible to conclude if the majority of these therapies failed because the drugs did not induce Tregs, or if they failed despite Treg expansion. The current knowledge regarding Tregs, along with our experience in Treg therapy of patients with graft versus host disease, prompted us to use ex vivo expanded Tregs in 10 children with recent-onset DM1. No adverse effects in the treated individuals were observed. There was a significant increase in Treg number in peripheral blood immediately after the treatment administration, while the first clinical differences between treated and control patients were observed 4 months after Treg injection. Treated individuals had higher C-peptide levels and lower insulin requirements than non-treated children. Eleven months after diagnosis of DM1, there are still 2 individuals who are independent of exogenous insulin. These results indicate that autologous Tregs are a safe and well-tolerated therapy in children with DM1, which can inhibit or delay the destruction of pancreatic β cells. Additionally, Tregs can be a useful tool for local protection of transplanted pancreatic islets. Isolation and expansion of antigen-specific Tregs is one of the directions for future studies on cellular therapy of DM1.
Parameter estimation and error reduction for OFDM-based WLANs (2004)

We consider parameter estimation and error reduction for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based high-speed wireless local area networks (WLANs). We devise or select algorithms that can provide benefit to the overall system performance and can be efficiently implemented in real-time. In particular, first, we give a channel model which is especially useful for assessing the channel parameter estimation methods devised for OFDM-based WLANs. Second, we provide a sequential method for the estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO), symbol timing, and channel response by exploiting the structure of the packet preamble specified by the IEEE 802.11a standard. Finally, to correct the residue CFO induced phase error using the pilot tones, we consider maximum-likelihood phase tracking and least-squares phase fitting approaches; to improve the channel estimation accuracy using the decoded data, we present a semiblind channel estimation method; to mitigate the sampling clock induced time delay error, we provide a sampling clock synchronization approach that obviates the need of an automatic frequency control clock recovery circuit. The overall system performance of using our algorithms is demonstrated via several numerical examples.
Smart secondary substation management device (2013)

The aim of this paper is to describe a new device that will be installed into the smart secondary substations. It allows the full management of the substation and integrates control, protection, measurement and communication functionalities, on both sides, low voltage and medium voltage side. This device is integrated into a global architecture of automation network as an additional element and it communicates upstream with central systems and downstream with Smart meters installed in low voltage network that is supplied by the substation, managing their information and allowing remote operation on them. The device has been designed with a modular and scalable feature, in this way it provides a standard solution for different topologies of secondary substations. (4 pages)
Characterization of the aac(6')-Ib gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM2656 (1993)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM2656 was resistant to tobramycin and susceptible to gentamicin and amikacin by disk diffusion testing. This unusual resistance was not transferable by conjugation to Escherichia coli or P. aeruginosa PAO38, and plasmid DNA was not detected in this strain. A 0.9-kb fragment harboring the tobramycin resistance gene was cloned from BM2656 into pUC18, generating pAT129. Analysis for aminoglycoside-modifying activity in extracts of BM2656 and E. coli harboring pAT129 indicated that tobramycin resistance was due to synthesis of an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type I [AAC(6')-I] enzyme which modified amikacin and tobramycin. Although amikacin was acetylated, the bactericidal synergism of this aminoglycoside with ceftazidime against BM2656 was minimally affected. The sequence of the DNA fragment was determined. It contained an aac (6')-Ib-like gene and was located downstream from a conserved region related to Tn21. The translated sequence of this aac(6')-Ib gene possessed 99.2% identity with the putative products of the aac(6')-Ib gene cassettes from Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae and 69% identity with the putative aacA(6')-II gene product from P. aeruginosa. We conclude that an aac(6')-Ib gene has spread to the chromosome of P. aeruginosa, probably by transposition.
Spectrally programmable light engine for in vitro or in vivo molecular imaging and spectroscopy (2005)

A spectrally and temporally programmable light engine can create any spectral profile for hyperspectral, fluorescence, or principal-component imaging or with medical photonics devices employing spectroscopy, microscopy, and endoscopy. Multispectral imaging feasibility was demonstrated by capturing nine images at wavelengths from 450 to 650 mm (25-nm FWHM) with a CCD-camera-equipped bronchoscope coupled to the light engine. Selected wavelength regions were combined to produce a color endoscopy image.
Charge Transport: Long‐Range Tunneling Processes across Ferritin‐Based Junctions (Adv. Mater. 9/2016) (2016)

On page 1824, C. A. Nijhuis and co-workers report the mechanism of long-range (ca. 12 nm) electron transport in ferritin-based tunnel junctions. The mechanism of charge transport switches between coherent tunneling, sequential tunneling, and hopping by iron content inside the ferritin core. This study helps to improve our understanding electron transport in biological systems. Image credit: Harshini V. Annadata.
Structural Determinants of the Natural Rate of Unemployment in Canada (1989)

This paper presents empirical estimates of the policy and structural determinants of the natural rate of unemployment in Canada.The paper begins with a discussion of structural features of the economy which impinge on the adjustment of real wages to their equilibrium level.Estimates are presented showing how the generosity of the unemployment insurance system is related to past levels of unemployment.The empirical results indicate that government policies have been largely responsible for changes in the natural rate, and hence can contribute to a reduction in the natural rate in the medium term.
Total syntheses of (+)-P-3A, epi-(-)-P-3A, and (-)-desacetamido P-3A (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of (+)-P-3A, epi-(-)-P-3A, and (-)-desacetamido P-3ADale L. Boger, Takeshi Honda, Royce F. Menezes, Steven L. Colletti, Qun Dang, and Wenjin YangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1, 82–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00080a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00080a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The red edge excitation shift phenomenon can be used to unmask protein structural ensembles: implications for NEMO–ubiquitin interactions (2016)

To understand complex molecular interactions, it is necessary to account for molecular flexibility and the available equilibrium of conformational states. Only a small number of experimental approaches can access such information. Potentially steady-state red edge excitation shift (REES) spectroscopy can act as a qualitative metric of changes to the protein free energy landscape (FEL) and the equilibrium of conformational states. First, we validate this hypothesis using a single Trp-containing protein, NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). We provide detailed evidence from chemical denaturation studies, macromolecular crowding studies, and the first report of the pressure dependence of the REES effect. Combination of these data demonstrate that the REES effect can report on the 'ruggedness' of the FEL and we present a phenomenological model, based on realistic physical interpretations, for fitting steady-state REES data to allow quantification of this aspect of the REES effect. We test the conceptual framework we have developed by correlating findings from NEMO ligand-binding studies with the REES data in a range of NEMO-ligand binary complexes. Our findings shed light on the nature of the interaction between NEMO and poly-ubiquitin, suggesting that NEMO is differentially regulated by poly-ubiquitin chain length and that this regulation occurs via a modulation of the available equilibrium of conformational states, rather than gross structural change. This study therefore demonstrates the potential of REES as a powerful tool for tackling contemporary issues in structural biology and biophysics and elucidates novel information on the structure-function relationship of NEMO and key interaction partners.
Investigation and design of a multi-band wearable antenna (2009)

In this paper, wearable antennas in close proximity of a human body are considered, focusing on portions of the frequency range between 200 MHz and 2700 MHz. In specific, non-patch type antennas with multi-band operation, light weight, easy integration with garment, low obstruction and impedances are studied. To simulate the investigated structures, an efficient surface integral equation based method is used. Several antennas are investigated under different configurations relative to the body considering the effect of the body, bending, multi-band operation, as well as fabrication and packaging options.
Endothelial progenitor cells participate in neovascularization and engraftment of cultured skin substitutes (2006)

Vaikunth, Sachin S. MD; Marwan, Marwan MD; Parvadia, Jignesh MD; Ripberger, Maria BS; Kalinowska, Barbara BS; Uzvolgy, Eva MD, PhD; Supp, Andrew BS; Alaee, Datis MS; Boyce, Steve PhD; Crombleholme, Timothy MD; Supp, Dorothy PhD Author Information