gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formalising stories: sequences of events and state changes (2005)

An attempt is made to synthesise ideas from theories of narrative and computer science in order to model high level semantic video content, especially for films. A notation is proposed for describing sequences of interrelated events and states in narratives. The investigation focuses on the idea of modelling video content as a sequence of states: sequences of characters' emotional states are considered as a case study. An existing method for attracting information about emotion in film is formalised and extended with a metric to compare the distribution of emotions in two films.
Total Synthesis of VM55599. Utilization of an Intramolecular Diels−Alder Cycloaddition of Potential Biogenetic Relevance (2000)

The total synthesis of VM55599, a natural metabolite of Penicillium sp. IMI332995, has been achieved via an intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition of a reverse isoprene moiety across an azadiene system. The diastereoselectivity of the intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition has biogenetic implications and is discussed in the context of the biogenetic relationship of VM55599 to the paraherquamides.
Biodegradation of crystal violet by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1988)

Biodegradation of crystal violet (N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethylpararosaniline) in ligninolytic (nitrogen-limited) cultures of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by the disappearance of crystal violet and by the identification of three metabolites (N,N,N',N',N''-pentamethylpararosaniline, N,N,N',N''-tetramethylpararosaniline, and N,N',N''-trimethylpararosaniline) formed by sequential N-demethylation of the parent compound. Metabolite formation also occurred when crystal violet was incubated with the extracellular fluid obtained from ligninolytic cultures of this fungus, provided that an H2O2-generating system was supplied. This, as well as the fact that a purified ligninase catalyzed N-demethylation of crystal violet, demonstrated that biodegradation of crystal violet by this fungus is dependent, at least in part, upon its lignin-degrading system. In addition to crystal violet, six other triphenylmethane dyes (pararosaniline, cresol red, bromphenol blue, ethyl violet, malachite green, and brilliant green) were shown to be degraded by the lignin-degrading system of this fungus. An unexpected result was the finding that substantial degradation of crystal violet also occurred in nonligninolytic (nitrogen-sufficient) cultures of P. chrysosporium, suggesting that in addition to the lignin-degrading system, another mechanism exists in this fungus which is also able to degrade crystal violet.
Validating Data Integrity with Blockchain (2018)

Data manipulation is often named as a serious threat to data integrity. Data can be tampered with, and malicious actors could use this to their advantage. Data users in various application domains want to be ensured that the data they are consuming are accurate and have not been tampered with. To validate the integrity of these data, we describe a blockchain-based hash validation method. The method assumes that the actual data is stored separately from the blockchain, and then allows a data identifier and a hash of these data to be submitted to the blockchain. The actual data can be validated against the hash on the blockchain at any time. Several use cases are described for blockchain-based hash validation, and to validate the method it is implemented inside an application audit trail to validate the audit trail data. This implementation shows that blockchain-based hash validation is able to detect malicious and accidental changes that were made to the data.
Alkylation of o- and p-tolunitriles with halides by means of sodium amide in liquid ammonia (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of o- and p-tolunitriles with halides by means of sodium amide in liquid ammoniaFred H. Rash, Sandra Boatman, and Charles R. HauserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 2, 372–376Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01288a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01288a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toxicity of alcide (1982)

Abstract Alcide is now used as a liquid sterilizer in an ultrasonic cleaner. It is excellent for herpes, fungus of the fingernail, warts and treatment of burn infection. The active ingredients (AI's) in this compound are sodium chlorite (ClO 2 − ) and lactic acid. Studies were conducted to determine the toxicity of Alcide in its liquid and gel forms. The oral lethal doses after 14 days (LD 50 ) in female and male rats were 340 and 292 mg kg −1 (AI), respectively. No mortality occurred during the acute dermal toxicity study. The ocular irritation study in rabbits indicated redness in the conjunctivae within 1 h which became normal after 24 h. The cornea and iris remained without changes during the observation period. The guinea pig sensitization study revealed the occurrence of reversible necrosis after 3 days. On day 11, healing began and was completed by day 15 after the intradermal injection. No significant changes were observed in red blood cell compartments, glutathione levels, hemolysis, methemoglobin and blood chemistry in rabbits treated daily with 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 (gm kg −1 ) Alcide for 1 month using intact and abraded skin.
Experimental Investigation of the Seismic Performance of RC Column Retrofitted by Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Fiber Sheet (2013)

본 논문에서는 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 섬유(Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene, UHMWPE)를 이용하여 보강된 철근 콘크리트 기둥의 내진성능을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 보강된 철근콘크리트 기둥의 구조거동을 평가하기 위하여 1/3크기로 축소된 총 3개의 기둥 실험체를 제작하였다. 1개의 실험체는 보강재가 적용되지 않은 비내진 상세의 기둥이며 다른 두 실험체의 경우 탄소섬유 또는 UHMWPE 섬유 시트로 보강하였다. 기둥의 전형적인 내진성능평가를 위하여 일정한 축하중하에서 정적반복가력실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과는 무보강 실험체와 비교하여 UHMWPE 섬유로 보강된 실험체의 최대내력, 연성 및 에너지 소산능력을 상당히 증가시켰으며 파괴모드에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주었다. The paper experimentally investigates the seismic performance of RC columns retrofitted by Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene(UHMWPE) fiber. A total of three specimens with a scale factor of 1/3 was constructed and experimentally investigated through static cyclic tests with a constant axial load in order to assess the structural behavior of the retrofitted RC columns. One specimen was a non-seismically designed column without any retrofitting method, while others were retrofitted with either Carbon fiber or UHMWPE fiber. It is concluded that the UHMWPE retrofitting method increases the strength and ductility of the RC column and can also impact on the failure mode of RC columns.
Drug Treatment of Lipid Disorders (1999)

Arteriosclerosis of the coronary and peripheral vasculature is the leading cause of death among men and women in the United States1 and worldwide.2 In 1992, for example, cardiovascular disease accounted for 38 percent of deaths from all causes among men and 42 percent of all deaths among women in Washington State3; nationwide, the mortality rate for cardiovascular disease is approximately 50 percent.4 Mechanisms of AtherogenesisCentral to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis is the deposition of cholesterol in the arterial wall.5,6 Nearly all lipoproteins are involved in this process, including cholesterol carried by very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL),7,8 remnant lipoprotein, . . .
Characterization of Producer Cell-Dependent Restriction of Murine Leukemia Virus Replication (2002)

We previously reported that the human bronchocarcinoma cell line A549 produces poorly infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus-pseudotyped Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV). In contrast, similar amounts of virions recovered from human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells result in 10-fold-higher transduction rates (G. Duisit, A. Salvetti, P. Moullier, and F. Cosset, Hum. Gene Ther. 10:189-200, 1999). We have now extended this initial observation to other type-C envelope (Env) pseudotypes and analyzed the mechanism involved. Structural and morphological analysis showed that viral particles recovered from A549 (A549-MLV) and HT1080 (HT1080-MLV) cells were normal and indistinguishable from each other. They expressed equivalent levels of mature Env proteins and bound similarly to the target cells. Furthermore, incoming particles reached the cytosol and directed the synthesis of linear viral DNA equally efficiently. However, almost no detectable circular DNAs could be detected in A549-MLV-infected cells, indicating that the block of infection resulted from defective nuclear translocation of the preintegration complex. Interestingly, pseudotyping of A549-MLV with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G restored the amount of circular DNA forms as well as the transduction rates to HT1080-MLV levels, suggesting that the postentry blockage could be overcome by endocytic delivery of the core particles downstream of the restriction point. Thus, in contrast to the previously described target cell-dependent Fv-1 (or Fv1-like) restriction in mammalian cells (P. Pryciak and H. E. Varmus, J. Virol. 66:5959-5966, 1992; G. Towers, M. Bock, S. Martin, Y. Takeuchi, J. P. Stoye, and O. Danos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:12295-12299, 2000), we report here a new restriction of MLV replication that relies only on the producer cell type.
New optical metrology for masks: range and accuracy rivals SEM (2001)

Metrology is essential to success in all manufacturing processes. In microlithography metrology techniques have begun to shift from optical to SEM. In this paper we compare the capabilities of the new Flux-Area optical technique and of SEM techniques. SEM measurement has been increasing in mask shops because of the higher resolution it provides, despite disadvantages including damage to masks, charging effects, and inability to operate with pellicles. Optical measurements of photomasks are preferred because they are performed with light, in transmission. The success of virtual stepper software, which uses optical images in simulating stepper output, has demonstrated that optical images contain sufficient information to predict the results of even subwavelength lithography. Flux-Area measurement allows optical instruments to accurately measure features as small as (lambda) /6, or 0.08 (mu) using visible light (Fiekowsky and Selassie, 1999). It also allows the measurement of Optical Dimensions. This is the width of a line defined by the flux of light it transmits to the objective lens. In this study Flux-Area measurements of linewidths and contact are compared to SEM measurements and DUV AIMS microscope images. Results show that Flux-Area measurements are linear down to the smallest lines and holes tested, 0.23 (mu) and 0.4(mu) respectively. Thus the Flux-Area technique provides a practical alternative to SEM for metrology on current and future generation photomasks.
Facile Preparation of (Phosphorylalkyl)-Functionalized Cyclopropanols and Cyclopropylamines (1999)

The reactions of esters 1 and dialkylamides 8 of 3-phosphorylpropionic acids with Grignard reagents 6 in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide 5 or methyltitanium triisopropoxide 11 give 1-substituted and 1,2-disubstituted phosphorylated cyclopropanols 7 and cyclopropylamines 12 in moderate to very good yields (37-71 and 39-86%, respectively). These useful transformations convincingly demonstrate the wide functional group compatibility and versatility of this new carbonyl group cyclopropanation.
A new realization method for 2-D digital transfer functions (1978)

This paper presents a general method for realizing an arbitrary 2-D digital transfer function. The realizations are obtained in terms of two types of delay blocks, adders and multipliers. The techniques presented here can be used to obtain infinitely many realizations of the same transfer function.
Survival of Salmonellae on and in Tomato Plants from the Time of Inoculation at Flowering and Early Stages of Fruit Development through Fruit Ripening (2001)

The fate of salmonellae applied to tomato plants was investigated. Five Salmonella serotypes were used to inoculate tomato plants before and after fruits set, either by injecting stems with inoculum or brushing flowers with it. Ripe tomato fruits were subjected to microbiological analysis. Peptone wash water, homogenates of stem scar tissues, and homogenates of fruit pulp were serially diluted and plated on bismuth sulfite agar before and after enrichment. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmed by serological tests, PCR assay using HILA2 primers, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. Of 30 tomatoes harvested from inoculated plants, 11 (37%) were positive for Salmonella. Of the Salmonella-positive tomatoes, 43 and 40%, respectively, were from plants receiving stem inoculation before and after flower set. Two of eight tomatoes produced from inoculated flowers contained Salmonella. Higher percentages of surface (82%) and stem scar tissue (73%) samples, compared to pulp of Salmonella-positive tomatoes (55%), harbored the pathogen. Of the five serotypes in the inoculum, Montevideo was the most persistent, being isolated from tomatoes 49 days after inoculation, and Poona was the most dominant, being present in 5 of 11 Salmonella-positive tomatoes. Results suggest that Salmonella cells survive in or on tomato fruits from the time of inoculation at flowering through fruit ripening. Tomato stems and flowers are possible sites at which Salmonella may attach and remain viable during fruit development, thus serving as routes or reservoirs for contaminating ripened fruit.
The role of ultrasonography and inferior vena cava filter placement in high-risk trauma patients. (1997)

Undetected lower-extremity deep-vein thrombosis (LEDVT) in the trauma patient can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the early detection of LEDVT in high-risk trauma patients; 2) identify prognostic indicators that predict LEDVT; and 3) evaluate the efficacy of selected inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement in the prevention of pulmonary emboli. From October 1993 through December 1994, all adult multiple-trauma patients admitted to the Trauma Service who required prolonged bed rest (>3 days) or sustained a lower-extremity, pelvic, or spinal fracture with paralysis were prospectively studied with serial physical examinations and lower-extremity venous ultrasounds within 72 hours of admission and then weekly until discharge. Two hundred twenty-eight patients were entered into the study. Thirty-nine patients (17%) developed ultrasound evidence of LEDVT; of these, only seven (18%) were evident on physical examination. This allowed 32 patients (82%) with unsuspected LEDVT to receive earlier definitive therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of LEDVT with various predictors found age, hospital length of stay, and lower-extremity trauma to be significant predictors of LEDVT (P < 0.05). Twenty-nine patients (74%) had immediate IVC filter placement upon ultrasound identification of proximal LEDVT. None of these patients developed pulmonary emboli. Ten patients (26%) with a LEDVT were treated with systemic anticoagulation alone. One of these patients sustained a fatal pulmonary embolus. In a historic control group of 234 high-risk trauma patients admitted in the 14 months prior to implementing screening ultrasounds, six patients sustained pulmonary emboli (P < 0.05). Screening ultrasounds combined with selective placement of IVC filters play an important role in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with LEDVT in high-risk trauma patients.
Sketching and Streaming Entropy via Approximation Theory (2008)

We give near-optimal sketching and streaming algorithms for estimating Shannon entropy in the most general streaming model, with arbitrary insertions and deletions. This improves on prior results that obtain suboptimal space bounds in the general model, and near-optimal bounds in the insertion-only model without sketching. Our high-level approach is simple: we give algorithms to estimate Tsallis entropy, and use them to extrapolate an estimate of Shannon entropy. The accuracy of our estimates is proven using approximation theory arguments and extremal properties of Chebyshev polynomials. Our work also yields the best-known and near-optimal additive approximations for entropy, and hence also for conditional entropy and mutual information.
Visualizing Business Model Evolution with the Business Model Canvas: Concept and Tool (2014)

The Business Model Canvas (BMC) assists in the design of companies' business models. As strategies evolve so too does the business model. Unfortunately, each BMC is a standalone representation. Thus, there is a need to be able to describe transformation from one version of a business model to the next as well as to visualize these operations. To address this issue, and to contribute to computer-assisted business model design, we propose a set of design principles for business model evolution. We also demonstrate a tool that can assist in the creation and navigation of business model versions in a visual and user-friendly way.
Pinning Effect of Punched-Out Dislocations in Carbon-, Nitrogen- or Boron-Doped Silicon Wafers (2001)

The pinning effect of punched-out dislocations in carbon-, nitrogen- or boron-doped Czochralski-grown silicon wafers was investigated using an indentation method. The size of a rosette pattern which corresponds to the distance of dislocation movement was measured after heat-treatment without any thermal stress. It was found that the rosette size decreased by carbon, nitrogen and boron doping with a concentration of 2.0×10 16 –1.4×10 17 , 5.3×10 13 –5.3×10 14 and 2.0×10 18 –2.0×10 19 atoms/cm 3 , respectively. The rosette size was approximately proportional to the power -1/3 of carbon, -1/10 of nitrogen and -1/10 of boron concentration, which differed from the reported power of -2/3 of oxygen concentration.
Elevated Endothelial Progenitor Cells during Painful Sickle Cell Crisis (2008)

Abstract Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by microvascular occlusion leading to an ischemia-induced pro-angiogenic response. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in neovascularisation and decreased EPC numbers are associated with poor outcome in cardiovascular disease. Aims: To determine the numbers of circulating EPCs in patients with SCD during steady state and painful crisis and to assess the association of EPC numbers with serum levels of humoral growth factors (stromal derived growth factor-1α (SDF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placenta-induced growth factor (PIGF), interleuking-8 (IL-8), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)). Methods: Numbers of circulating EPCs, defined as CD45dim/CD34+ cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), and serum levels of humoral factors were measured consecutively in 66 patients in steady state, 23 patients during painful sickle cell crisis and 13 age- and race-matched healthy controls. Results: While circulating EPC numbers were comparable between healthy controls and sickle cell patients in steady state, they were significantly increased in patients during sickle cell crisis. EPC numbers correlated significantly only to serum SDF-1α levels during painful crisis. Conclusion: Sickle cell crisis is characterized by elevated circulating EPC numbers further supporting a pro-angiogenic state in SCD. SDF-1 may play a role of importance in EPC mobilisation during sickle cell crisis.
Trust-region methods for nonconvex sparse recovery optimization (2016)

We solve the l 2 -l p sparse recovery problem by transforming the objective function into an unconstrained differentiable function and apply a limited-memory trust-region method. Unlike gradient projection-type methods, which uses only the current gradient, our approach uses gradients from previous iterations to obtain a more accurate Hessian approximation. Preliminary numerical experiments with simulated compressive sensing 1D data are provided to illustrate that our proposed approach eliminates spurious solutions more effectively while improving the computational time to converge in comparison to standard approaches.
TOXICITY OF SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO INSECTS: PART I. TESTS FOR GENERAL TOXICITY ON LARVAE OF <i>MUSCA, TRIBOLIUM</i>, AND <i>EPHESTIA</i>, AND ADULTS OF <i>SITOPHILUS</i> (1948)

The general toxicity of 127 synthetic organic compounds was tested against larvae of Musca domestica, Tribolium confusum, and Ephestia kuehniella, and adults of Sitophilus granarius. The compounds were mixed in the insects' food in graded concentrations, and their toxicity was assessed by determination of the median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) for each of the four species. The most highly toxic compounds were gammexane (the gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane) and chlordane (obtained by distillation of technical chlordane). The toxicity of DDT was on the average one-half of that of the first two compounds, and it was superior to any of the 12 analogues tested. Four chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, namely hexachloropropene, hexachlorobutadiene, and the symm-and asymm-heptachloropropanes, showed a high toxicity related to their powerful fumigant action. A high level of toxicity was shown by benzyl thiocyanate and its chlorinated derivatives. The nitro compounds dinitro-o-cresol, nitrostyrene, dinitrodimethylbutane and dinitrocyclohexylphenol were especially toxic to Sitophilus adults, but were ineffective against Musca larvae. Certain aromatic semicarbazones recommended by previous workers gave disappointing results. Of 22 derivatives of morpholine tested, only three showed any degree of toxicity to the four species of insects employed.
Scavenger Receptor-Mediated Targeted Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Dextran Sulfate-Methotrexate Prodrug (2016)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder implicated in multiple joint affection and even disability. The activated macrophages perform a predominant role in onset and persistence of RA. Scavenger receptor (SR), one of several receptors overexpressed on the activated macrophages, is a specific biomarker for targeted therapy of numerous chronic inflammation diseases like RA. In this work, dextran sulfate-<i>graft</i>-methotrexate conjugate (DS-<i>g</i>-MTX) is synthesized and characterized, which exhibits excellent targetability to SR on the activated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the enhanced accumulation and potent inflammatory inhibition are observed in the affected joint after intravenous injection of DS-<i>g</i>-MTX, compared to the treatment with dextran-<i>graft</i>-methotrexate (Dex-<i>g</i>-MTX), as is confirmed by the detection of histopathology and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our work highlights DS-<i>g</i>-MTX as a potential therapeutic option for RA aiming the SR-expressed activated macrophages.