gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and tracking of boundary of unmarked roads (2014)

Abstract — This paper presents a new method of detecting and tracking the boundaries of drivable regions in road without road-markings. As unmarked roads connect residential places to public roads, the capability of autonomously driving on such a roadway is important to truly realize self-driving cars in daily driving scenarios. To detect the left and right boundaries of drivable regions, our method first examines the image region at the front of ego-vehicle and then uses the appearance information of that region to identify the boundary of the drivable region from input images. Due to variation in the image acquisition condition, the image features necessary for boundary detection may not be present. When this happens, a boundary detection algorithm working frame-by-frame basis would fail to successfully detect the boundaries. To effectively handle these cases, our method tracks, using a Bayes filter, the detected boundaries over frames. Experiments using real-world videos show promising results. I.
High‐level conversion of <scp>L</scp>‐lysine into 5‐aminovalerate that can be used for nylon 6,5 synthesis (2014)

L-Lysine is a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based precursors for engineering plastics. In this study, we developed a microbial process for high-level conversion of L-lysine into 5-aminovalerate (5AVA) that can be used as a monomer in nylon 6,5 synthesis. Recombinant Escherichia coli WL3110 strain expressing Pseudomonas putida delta-aminovaleramidase (DavA) and lysine 2-monooxygenase (DavB) was grown to high density in fed-batch culture and used as a whole cell catalyst. High-density E. coli WL3110 expressing DavAB, grown to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600 ) of 30, yielded 36.51 g/L 5AVA from 60 g/L L-lysine in 24 h. Doubling the cell density of E. coli WL3110 improved the conversion yield to 47.96 g/L 5AVA from 60 g/L of L-lysine in 24 h. 5AVA production was further improved by doubling the L-lysine concentration from 60 to 120 g/L. The highest 5AVA titer (90.59 g/L; molar yield 0.942) was obtained from 120 g/L L-lysine by E. coli WL3110 cells grown to OD600 of 60. Finally, nylon 6,5 was synthesized by bulk polymerization of ϵ-caprolactam and δ-valerolactam prepared from microbially synthesized 5AVA. The hybrid system demonstrated here has promising possibilities for application in the development of industrial bio-nylon production processes.
Rectangular Control of Multi-Shaker Systems: Theory and Practical Results (2004)

Most current multi-shaker, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), tests are performed on the basis of a "square" arrangement, in which the number of control accelerometers equals the number of controlled exciters. However, in some cases more control accelerometers than exciters may be desirable. This arrangement is referred to as "rectangular" control. Recent advances in digital control of multi-shaker and multi-axes systems have made rectangular control an achievable, if not a simple, reality. This paper examines the theory behind this approach and also gives some practical results. Some unexpected benefits resulting from this new control approach are included.
Multiresolution spectrotemporal analysis of complex sounds (2005)

A computational model of auditory analysis is described that is inspired by psychoacoustical and neurophysiological findings in early and central stages of the auditory system. The model provides a unified multiresolution representation of the spectral and temporal features likely critical in the perception of sound. Simplified, more specifically tailored versions of this model have already been validated by successful application in the assessment of speech intelligibility [Elhilali et al., Speech Commun. 41(2-3), 331-348 (2003); Chi et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2719-2732 (1999)] and in explaining the perception of monaural phase sensitivity [R. Carlyon and S. Shamma, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 333-348 (2003)]. Here we provide a more complete mathematical formulation of the model, illustrating how complex signals are transformed through various stages of the model, and relating it to comparable existing models of auditory processing. Furthermore, we outline several reconstruction algorithms to resynthesize the sound from the model output so as to evaluate the fidelity of the representation and contribution of different features and cues to the sound percept.
Notes and News (1979)

Journal Article Notes and News Get access D. SMITH D. SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Occupational Medicine, Volume 29, Issue 2, April 1979, Pages 81–82, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/29.2.81-a Published: 01 April 1979
Explicit multipath congestion control for data center networks (2013)

The vast majority of application traffic in modern data center networks (DCNs) can be classified into two categories: throughput-sensitive large flows and latency-sensitive small flows. These two types of flows have the conflicting requirements on link buffer occupancy. Existing data transfer proposals either do not fully utilize the path diversity of DCNs to improve the throughput of large flows, or cannot achieve a controllable link buffer occupancy to meet the low latency requirement of small flows. Aiming to balance throughput with latency, we develop the eXplicit MultiPath (XMP) congestion control scheme for DCNs. XMP comprises two components: the BOS algorithm brings link queue buffers consumed by large flows under control, while the TraSh algorithm is responsible for shifting traffic from more congested paths to less congested ones, thus achieving high throughput. We implemented XMP and evaluated its performance on traffic shifting, fairness, goodput, buffer occupancy and link utilization by conducting comprehensive experiments and simulations. The results show that XMP outperforms existing schemes and achieves a reasonable tradeoff between throughput and latency.
Acute Reductions in Blood Flow and Shear Stress Induce Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A Expression in Baboon Prosthetic Grafts (1996)

Abrupt reductions in fluid shear stress induce subendothelial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to proliferate in experimental prosthetic grafts. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), an important SMC mitogen, is expressed by cultured endothelial cells and modulated by shear stress. We hypothesized that this growth factor would be modulated by changes in shear stress in vivo. Bilateral aortoiliac prosthetic grafts were implanted into five baboons. High flow was generated by construction of femoral arteriovenous fistulas on both sides. Two months later, one of the fistulas was ligated, reducing shear stress in the upstream graft by 78 +/- 6%. Four days after fistula ligation, all grafts were removed and analyzed. As previously reported, SMC proliferation in low-flow grafts exceeded that in high-flow grafts, although the neointimal area was similar. mRNA levels for PDGF-A were significantly increased in low-flow grafts compared with high-flow grafts. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies localized the increased PDGF-A mRNA and protein to the luminal endothelium and subjacent SMCs. Abrupt reductions in blood flow and fluid shear stress may induce accelerated neointimal thickening by a PDGF-A-mediated mechanism, since endothelial expression of this gene is temporally and anatomically associated with neointimal SMC proliferation.
Metalation of alkylpyridazines. II. Acylation of metalated methylpyridazines and isomeric character of acylmethylpyridazines. (1978)

Hitherto unaccessible acylmethylpyridazines have been prepared by means of acylation of pyridazinylmethyllithiums prepared from methylpyridazines and lithium diisopropylamide. Their tautomeric characters were examined by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and infrared spectra. The tautomerisms between keto and isomeric forms were observed and the structure of the isomeric form was proposed to be the hydrogen-bonded keto-enamine (i.e., NH-methide) structure.
Formulation Bayesienne du probleme des valeurs extremes en relation à la réassurance en “excedent de sinistres” (1964)

En matière de détermination de la prime de réassurance en “excédent de sinistres”, nous nous trouvons devant le problème de la distribution des valeurs extrêmes, duquel nous avons déjà une littérature vaste et bien connue, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'allure asymptotique de la distribution qui nous intéresse. Dans cette note on veut indiquer, dans ses grandes lignes, un procédé largement dégagé des résultats de la théorie mentionnée, qui permet un examen de l'influence réciproque entre les hypothèses et la signification des résultats expérimentaux qui est dans l'esprit du procédé par induction. Pour fixer l'attention sur l'allure asymptotique de la distribution, sans nous occuper de sa forme d'ensemble, nous n'examinerons que la distribution des sinistres qui dépassent une certaine valeur ξ. En particulier, nous pouvons choisir pour cette valeur la limite assignée pour une certaine forme de réassurance; d'ailleurs, on peut penser à un choix arbitraire, ce qui se fera également dans cette note, où elle sera supposée indéterminée à priori, afin que l'on puisse la choisir sur la base des résultats obtenus. Soit done ξ l'extrême inferieur des sinistres, exprimés en termes monétaires, dont la distribution est à l'étude; et soit F(x ;ξ = P(X ≤ x | X ˃ ξ) la fonction de répartition correspondante. En pratique, nous pourrons assumer comme F(x ;ξ) une fonction, opportunément simple, qui respecce nos hypothèses dans un voisinage droit suffisamment grand de ξ. Cette précision sera sousentendu par la suite, de sorte que, lorsque nous considérerons le simple exemple concret exposé plus bas, nous devrons tenir compte du fait que la foncion F(x ; ξ) considérée n'est qu'une approximation, valide dans un voisinage droit de ξ, de la distribution effective.
Identifying Optimal Composite Services by Decomposing the Service Composition Problem (2011)

For a Web service composition to satisfy a user's needs, it must not only provide the desired functionality, but also have nonfunctional properties (e.g., reliability, availability, cost) that are acceptable to the user. In the recent past, several techniques have been developed and deployed to identify a composite service that conforms to the functional requirements and is also optimal with respect to the user-defined preferences over non-functional properties. However, these composition techniques are limited to using one formalism for specifying the required functionality, in short, the existing techniques cannot identify optimal (w.r.t. non-functional properties) composite services that are required to satisfy functional requirements described in multiple formalisms. We have previously proposed a meta-framework for service composition that involves decomposing the required functionality into a boolean combination of atomic requirements, which are expressed using different formalisms. This meta-framework supports the use of multiple formalisms and their corresponding composition algorithms within a single scenario. In this paper, we integrate support for unconditional preferences over nonfunctional requirements into this composition meta-framework. We show that for a large class of problems, local selection of preferred service(s) can yield the most preferred composite service that satisfies the desired functional requirements.
Transillumination as a Means to Differentiate Melanocytic Lesions Based on Their Vascularity (2009)

ture research would benefit from detailed measurement of media exposure to determine outlets that have the most influence on self-objectification and, ultimately, indoor tanning behavior. Future work should examine how these variables are related to other predictors of tanning. These preliminary findings suggest that cultural and media-driven body objectification might motivate young women to engage in indoor tanning behaviors.
A variable-frequency one-cycle control for BCM flyback converter to achieve unit power factor (2014)

The single-stage flyback power factor correction (PFC) converter is well applied in medium and low power occasion such as adapters or LED drivers. Usually, the flyback PFC converter is preferred to operating in boundary conduction mode (BCM) for achieving high power factor (PF) and high efficiency at the same time. However, the conventional BCM control scheme such as input voltage tracking control or constant on-time control (COT) could not achieve unit PF for the flyback PFC converter. As input voltage increases, the PF and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of flyback converter deteriorate seriously. In this paper, a variable-frequency one-cycle control (VF-OCC) for BCM flyback single-stage PFC converter is presented to achieve unit power factor. Detailed theoretical analysis and design consideration for the VF-OCC are described. At last, two 54W/1.5A laboratory prototypes with two operation strategies have been built up. Experiment results show that the BCM flyback converter with VF-OCC can achieve high PF and low THD over universal input voltage range.
Concordance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<i>ALK</i>) gene rearrangements between circulating tumor cells and tumor in non-small cell lung cancer (2016)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is routinely evaluated by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) testing on biopsy tissues. Testing can be challenging however, when suitable tissue samples are unavailable. We examined the relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as a surrogate for biopsy-based FISH testing. We assessed paired tumor and CTC samples from patients with ALK rearranged lung cancer (n = 14), ALK-negative lung cancer (n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 5) to derive discriminant CTC counts, and to compare ALK rearrangement patterns. Blood samples were enriched for CTCs to be used for ALK FISH testing. ALK-positive CTCs counts were higher in ALK-positive NSCLC patients (3-15 cells/1.88 mL of blood) compared with ALK-negative NSCLC patients and healthy donors (0-2 cells/1.88 mL of blood). The latter range was validated as the 'false positive' cutoff for ALK FISH testing of CTCs. ALK FISH signal patterns observed on tumor biopsies were recapitulated in CTCs in all cases. Sequential CTC counts in an index case of lung cancer with no evaluable tumor tissue treated with crizotinib showed six, three and eleven ALK-positive CTCs per 1.88 mL blood at baseline, partial response and post-progression time points, respectively. Furthermore, ALK FISH rearrangement suggestive of gene copy number increase was observed in CTCs following progression. Recapitulation of ALK rearrangement patterns in the tumor on CTCs, suggested that CTCs might be used to complement tissue-based ALK testing in NSCLC to guide ALK-targeted therapy when suitable tissue biopsy samples are unavailable for testing.
A Visualization System for Animating Vertebrate Animal Models (2012)

As computer graphics continue to progress, there is an increasingly large number of 3D models available on the internet. However, most of these models are static, with a rigid shape and fixed pose. Only a few models can be animated with restricted motion, which is generally produced by professional animators, or by using expensive motion capture equipment. Novice users generally have great difficulty trying to animate an arbitrarily static model without any motion data. In this paper, we propose an integrated animation system which aims to animate bipedal or quadrupedal 3D models. To achieve this, we began by developing a video-based motion database with several animal groups of biological classification. Each group consists of close genera and families which have similar features. In addition, for each group, there is an articulated standard skeleton with pre-designed cyclic motion patterns. Through a hierarchical graphical interface, users can select different motion pattern candidates from a biologically classified tree structure. The selected motion pattern is then applied to this model to automatically synthesize realistic bipedal or quadrupedal motion.
New developments in the treatment of pediatric hemophilia and bleeding disorders (2012)

Purpose of review Disorders of hemostasis such as hemophilia, von Willebrand disease (VWD), and other clotting protein deficiencies lead to significant morbidity in the pediatric population. Because of the limitations of current treatment options, novel therapies are being developed, many of which are reviewed here. Recent findings Several new observations about the nature of clotting protein physiology have been made recently, creating novel perspectives on the treatment options. This review will mostly focus on the current therapy as well as new progress in hemophilia care (particularly strategies to prolong half-life of clotting factor replacements, the management of inhibitors, gene therapy, and novel therapeutic approaches), and briefly mention some progress in VWD and fibrinogen deficiency therapies. Summary New therapeutic developments have the potential to dramatically decrease morbidity and improve the quality of life of children with bleeding disorders.
Activation of FOXO3a Is Sufficient to Reverse Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase Inhibitor Chemoresistance in Human Cancer (2010)

Drug resistance is a central challenge of cancer therapy that ultimately leads to treatment failure. In this study, we characterized a mechanism of drug resistance that arises to AZD6244, an established mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor currently being evaluated in cancer clinical trials. AZD6244 enhanced the expression of transcription factor FOXO3a, which suppressed cancer cell proliferation. In AZD6244-resistant cancer cells, we observed the impaired nuclear localization of FOXO3a, reduced FOXO3a-mediated transcriptional activity, and decreased the expression of FOXO3a target gene Bim after cell treatment with AZD6244. Resistant cells could be sensitized by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT inhibitors, which are known to enhance FOXO3a nuclear translocation. Our findings define FOXO3a as candidate marker to predict the clinical efficacy of AZD6244. Furthermore, they suggest a mechanism of resistance to MEK inhibitors that may arise in the clinic yet can be overcome by cotreatment with PI3K/AKT inhibitors.
High Temperature CO2 Absorption Using Lithium Zirconate Powder (1998)

In order to confirm the possibility to be a high temperature CO2 absorbent, a reversible reaction between lithium zirconate and CO2 was examined. Experimental results revealed that lithium zirconate powder absorbs 400 times as much CO2 in volume preferentially at around 500°C and under high CO2 partial pressure. Since the fuel reforming or shift conversion process in power plants is performed in a pressurized gas atmosphere at 400–700°C, the fact suggests the advantage of lithium zirconate as the absorbent in energy power plants.
Speech Recognition by Machine, A Review (2010)

This paper presents a brief survey on Automatic Speech Recognition and discusses the major themes and advances made in the past 60 years of research, so as to provide a technological perspective and an appreciation of the fundamental progress that has been accomplished in this important area of speech communication. After years of research and development the accuracy of automatic speech recognition remains one of the important research challenges (e.g., variations of the context, speakers, and environment).The design of Speech Recognition system requires careful attentions to the following issues: Definition of various types of speech classes, speech representation, feature extraction techniques, speech classifiers, database and performance evaluation. The problems that are existing in ASR and the various techniques to solve these problems constructed by various research workers have been presented in a chronological order. Hence authors hope that this work shall be a contribution in the area of speech recognition. The objective of this review paper is to summarize and compare some of the well known methods used in various stages of speech recognition system and identify research topic and applications which are at the forefront of this exciting and challenging field.
Catalytic methods for the destruction of chemical warfare agents under ambient conditions (2007)

This tutorial review--which should particularly appeal to chemists, biochemists, and molecular biologists interested in catalysis, redox processes, and enzymology--summarizes the recent progress toward developing catalysts capable of destroying one or more of the classical chemical warfare agents under ambient conditions. Specifically, we explore the reactions of sulfur mustard, the G-series of organophosphorus nerve agents including sarin and soman, and the organophosphorus nerve agent, VX. Catalysts range from metal-centered oxidation catalysts to engineered catalytic antibodies.
A conserved 28-base-pair element (HF-1) in the rat cardiac myosin light-chain-2 gene confers cardiac-specific and alpha-adrenergic-inducible expression in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells. (1991)

To study the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms which mediate cardiac-specific and inducible expression during myocardial cell hypertrophy, we have extensively characterized the rat cardiac myosin light-chain-2 (MLC-2) gene as a model system. The MLC-2 gene encodes a relatively abundant contractile protein in slow skeletal and cardiac muscle and is upregulated during in vivo cardiac hypertrophy and alpha-adrenergic-mediated hypertrophy of neonatal rat myocardial cells. In transient expression assays employing a series of MLC-2-luciferase constructs, recent studies have identified a 250-bp fragment which is sufficient for both cardiac-specific and alpha-adrenergic-inducible expression. Within this 250-bp fragment lie three regions (HF-1, HF-2, and HF-3), each greater than 10 bp in length, which are conserved between the chicken and rat cardiac MLC-2 genes, suggesting their potential role in the regulated expression of this contractile protein gene. As assessed by substitution mutations within each of the conserved regions, the present study demonstrates that HF-1 and HF-2 are important in both cardiac-specific and inducible expression, while HF-3 has no detectable role in the regulated expression of the MLC-2 gene in transient expression assays. HF-1 sequences confer both cardiac-specific and inducible expression to a neutral promoter-luciferase construct but have no significant effect in the skeletal muscle or nonmuscle cell contexts. Thus, these studies have identified a new cardiac-specific regulatory element (HF-1) which plays a role in both cardiac-specific and inducible expression during myocardial cell hypertrophy.
Distinct differentiation characteristics of individual human embryonic stem cell lines (2006)

hESC lines may differ substantially in their differentiation properties although they appear similar in the undifferentiated state.