gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
True time phased antenna array systems based on nonlinear delay line technology (2002)

The design, construction and performance of proof-of-principle true time delay phased antenna arrays (PAAs) based on both hybrid and monolithic nonlinear delay line technology are presented. A 2-D, 4/spl times/4 hybrid PAA exhibited approximately /spl plusmn/9/spl deg/ beam scanning in both the E-plane and H-plane at 5 GHz center frequency in agreement with theoretical predictions. A monolithic NDL-based PAA intended for operation at 6-18 GHz is currently under development and test. A longer term electronically controlled "lens" application for plasma reflectometric diagnostics requires a 1/spl times/8 array operating at 88 GHz.
Disciplines (2003)

In universities of the United States today, the Department of History is sometimes included among the humanities, and at other times with the social sciences. Historians, Janus-like, have sought at once to privilege both narrative and analysis. The gradual move of history departments from the humanities and toward the social sciences results in part from changing preferences of historians, but also from more general shifts in university structures. Yet if the discipline of history has an essence, it lies beyond any single region of the human experience: not in the focus of the humanities on consciousness or in the focus of the social sciences on institutions—or in the focus of the natural sciences on the physical and biological environment for human existence.1 The essence of historical study goes beyond the specifics of subject matter and centers on its approach to posing and analyzing questions of change over time.
Expression of Chimeric Receptor CD4<i>ζ</i>by Natural Killer Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Improves In Vitro Activity but Does Not Enhance Suppression of HIV Infection In Vivo (2013)

Cell-based immunotherapy has been gaining interest as an improved means to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become a potential resource. Our previous studies have shown hESC and iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cells can inhibit HIV-infected targets in vitro. Here, we advance those studies by expressing a HIV chimeric receptor combining the extracellular portion of CD4 to the CD3ζ intracellular signaling chain. We hypothesized that expression of this CD4ζ receptor would more efficiently direct hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to target HIV-infected cells. In vitro studies showed the CD4ζ expressing hESC- and iPSC-NK cells inhibited HIV replication in CD4+ T-cells more efficiently than their unmodified counterparts. We then evaluated CD4ζ expressing hESC (CD4ζ-hESC)- and iPSC-NK cells in vivo anti-HIV activity using a humanized mouse model. We demonstrated significant suppression of HIV replication in mice treated with both CD4ζ-modified and -unmodified hESC-/iPSC-NK cells compared with control mice. However, we did not observe significantly increased efficacy of CD4ζ expression in suppression of HIV infection. These studies indicate that hESC/iPSC-based immunotherapy can be used as a unique resource to target HIV/AIDS.
Copper/Topa Quinone-containing Histamine Oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis (1995)

The gene coding for histamine oxidase has been cloned and sequenced from a Coryneform bacterium Arthrobacter globiformis. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 684 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 75,109 daltons and shows a high overall identity (58%) with that of phenethylamine oxidase derived from the same bacterial strain. Although the sequence similarities are rather low when compared with copper amine oxidases from other organisms, the consensus Asn-Tyr-Asp/Glu sequence, in which the middle Tyr is the precursor to the quinone cofactor (the quinone of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine, topa) covalently bound to this class of enzymes, is also conserved in the histamine oxidase sequence. To identify the quinone cofactor, an overexpression plasmid has been constructed for the recombinant histamine oxidase. The inactive enzyme purified from the transformed Escherichia coli cells grown in a copper-depleted medium gained maximal activity upon stoichiometric binding of cupric ions. Concomitantly with the enzyme activation by copper, a brownish pink compound was generated in the enzyme, which was identified as the quinone of topa by absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies of the p-nitrophenylhydrazine-derivatized enzyme and found at the position corresponding to the precursor Tyr (Tyr-402). Therefore, the copper-dependent autoxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue operates on the formation of the topa quinone cofactor in this enzyme, as recently demonstrated with the precursor form of phenethylamine oxidase (Matsuzaki, R., Fukui, T., Sato, H., Ozaki, Y., and Tanizawa, K. (1994) FEBS Lett. 351, 360-364).
Determination of Water Vapor by Infrared Analysis (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Water Vapor by Infrared AnalysisK Luft and R GuerinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 10, 1574Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online11 July 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60082a607https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60082a607research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Powered Lower Limb Orthosis for Providing Legged Mobility in Paraplegic Individuals (2011)

This paper presents preliminary results on the development of a powered lower limb orthosis intended to provide legged mobility (with the use of a stability aid, such as forearm crutches) to paraplegic individuals. The orthosis contains electric motors at both hip and both knee joints, which in conjunction with ankle-foot orthoses, provides appropriate joint kinematics for legged locomotion. The paper describes the orthosis and the nature of the controller that enables the SCI patient to command the device, and presents data from preliminary trials that indicate the efficacy of the orthosis and controller in providing legged mobility.
Modulation of P-glycoproteins by Auxin Transport Inhibitors Is Mediated by Interaction with Immunophilins (2008)

The immunophilin-like FKBP42 TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1) has been shown to control plant development via the positive modulation of ABCB/P-glycoprotein (PGP)-mediated transport of the plant hormone auxin. TWD1 functionally interacts with two closely related proteins, ABCB1/PGP1 and ABCB19/PGP19/MDR1, both of which exhibit the ability to bind to and be inhibited by the synthetic auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphylphtalamic acid (NPA). They are also inhibited by flavonoid compounds, which are suspected modulators of auxin transport. The mechanisms by which flavonoids and NPA interfere with auxin efflux components are unclear. We report here the specific disruption of PGP1-TWD1 interaction by NPA and flavonoids using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer with flavonoids functioning as a classical established inhibitor of mammalian and plant PGPs. Accordingly, TWD1 was shown to mediate modulation of PGP1 efflux activity by these auxin transport inhibitors. NPA bound to both PGP1 and TWD1 but was excluded from the PGP1-TWD1 complex expressed in yeast, suggesting a transient mode of action in planta. As a consequence, auxin fluxes and gravitropism in twd1 roots are less affected by NPA treatment, whereas TWD1 gain-of-function promotes root bending. Our data support a novel model for the mode of drug-mediated P-glycoprotein regulation mediated via protein-protein interaction with immunophilin-like TWD1.
Modeling of the integrated magnetic focusing and gated field-emission device with single carbon nanotube (2007)

A gated single carbon nanotube field emitter with magnetic focusing is proposed and simulated using a parallelized Poisson’s equation solver, coupled with the ray tracing of electrons, on an unstructured tetrahedral adaptive mesh. The magnetic focusing for the electrons can be achieved by a vertically downward magnetic focusing field (−Bz) through the use of either external solenoids or permanent magnets around the field-emission array. The simulation results, assuming uniform magnetic field inside a field-emission unit, are compared with those conventional tetrode-type field emitters using an electrostatic focusing structure. The results reveal that the magnetic focusing design can promise much higher emission current, while a much smaller spot size results at the anode. In addition, the magnitude of the applied gate voltage in the range of 60–120V shows little influence on the electron-beam diameter at the anode. The proposed magnetic focusing method can also possibly reduce the complexity of the fabrication without the electrostatic focusing structure. Noticeably, a distribution, similar to the Airy function, is obtained that shows the dependence of the spot size at the anode on the magnetic flux intensity. Thus, under suitable magnetic focusing conditions, it is possible to produce well-defined microelectron sources for many field-emission applications, such as novel parallel electron-beam lithography or field-emission displays.
Formaldehyde as a probe of DNA structure. II. Reaction with endocyclic imino groups of DNA bases (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormaldehyde as a probe of DNA structure. II. Reaction with endocyclic imino groups of DNA basesJames D. McGhee and Peter H. Von HippelCite this: Biochemistry 1975, 14, 6, 1297–1303Publication Date (Print):March 25, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00677a030https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00677a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views484Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Physiological Role of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>Receptors in Working Memory (2002)

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has an essential role in the cognitive process of working memory, dysfunction of which is considered to be a core deficit in schizophrenia. Although this cortical region is densely innervated with 5-HT2A receptors to which atypical antipsychotic drugs bind with high affinity, little is known of the influence of this serotonin receptor subtype on prefrontal function. We addressed this issue by examining the effects of iontophoresis of selective receptor ligands on prefrontal neurons possessing spatially tuned delay activity, or "memory fields," in monkeys performing a delayed-response task. Memory fields of putative pyramidal cells were attenuated by iontophoresis of 5-HT2A antagonists, which primarily produced a reduction in delay activity for preferred target locations. Conversely, 5-HT2A stimulation by alpha-methyl-5-HT or 5-HT itself, accentuated the spatial tuning of these neurons by producing a modest increase in activity for preferred target locations and/or a reduction in activity for nonpreferred locations. The agonist effects could be reversed by the selective antagonist MDL100,907, and were dose-dependent, such that high levels attenuated spatial tuning by profoundly reducing delay activity. A role for feedforward inhibitory circuitry in these effects was supported by the finding that 5-HT2A blockade also attenuated the memory fields of putative interneurons. We conclude that prefrontal 5-HT2A receptors have a hitherto unrecognized role in the cognitive function of working memory, which involves actions at both excitatory and inhibitory elements within local circuitry.
Sustainable Incentives for Mobile Crowdsensing: Auctions, Lotteries, and Trust and Reputation Systems (2017)

Proper incentive mechanisms are critical for mobile crowdsensing systems to motivate people to actively and persistently participate. This article provides an exposition of design principles of six incentive mechanisms, drawing special attention to the sustainability issue. We cover three primary classes of incentive mechanisms: auctions, lotteries, and trust and reputation systems, as well as three other frameworks of promising potential: bargaining games, contract theory, and market- driven mechanisms.
Beta gamma-subunit activation of G-protein-regulated phospholipase C. (1992)

The availability of purified G alpha 11 and the G-protein-regulated phospholipase C from turkey erythrocytes has allowed an examination of the direct effects of G-protein beta gamma-subunit on the components of the inositol lipid signaling system. Reconstitution of purified turkey erythrocyte or bovine brain beta gamma-subunit into phospholipid vesicles containing G alpha 11 inhibited AlF4- induced activation of phospholipase C. However, beta gamma-subunit at higher concentrations increased phospholipase C activity. This stimulatory effect of beta gamma-subunit on phospholipase C did not require the presence of the alpha-subunit. G alpha o had no effect on the catalytic activity of phospholipase C. However, coreconstitution of G alpha o and beta gamma-subunit shifted to the right the concentration-effect curve for beta gamma-subunit-promoted activation of phospholipase C. As was observed with G alpha 11, the increase in activity observed in the presence of beta gamma-subunit occurred as an increase in the maximal activity and with no change in the apparent affinity for Ca2+ for phospholipase C activation. The concentration dependence of G alpha 11 for activation of turkey erythrocyte phospholipase C and bovine brain phospholipase C-beta, as well as the concentration dependence of the two enzymes for activation by G alpha 11, were very similar. In contrast, beta gamma-subunit was a much less effective activator of bovine brain phospholipase C-beta than the turkey erythrocyte enzyme. The observation of direct effects of free beta gamma-subunit on phospholipase C extend the possibilities for receptor-mediated regulation of this signaling pathway.
A 0.1/spl mu/m 1.8V 256Mb 66MHz Synchronous Burst PRAM (2006)

A 256Mb PRAM featuring synchronous burst read operation is developed. Using a charge-pump system, write performance is characterized at 1.8V supply. Measured initial read access time and burst-read access time are 62ns and 10ns, respectively. The maximum write throughput is 3.3MB/S
Peroxidation of Coal— Analysis of Minerals (1974)

Abstract Inorganic minerals in coals can be identified advantageously if they are concentrated by removal of the organic matter of the coal. The concentrating method involves the use of 30–35% hydrogen peroxide. Several days of treatment with this reagent at 20–80°C are required, depending on the substance; anthracite, the most difficult material, requires a few weeks. Under the conditions used most minerals are stable with the exception of carbonates and pyrites which slowly become oxidized to sulfate. Calcium oxalate was found to form in the peroxidation of lignite which contains appreciable amounts of calcium; no other coal residue studied contained oxalates. Carbon analyses indicated the extent of removal of the organic material. Infrared and X-ray techniques were used to identify the minerals present. Some portions of a bituminous coal were found to be intimate mixtures of organic and mineral matter and were quite resistant to peroxidation.
Sleep Positions in the Young Adult and Their Relationship with the Subjective Quality of Sleep (1983)

The sleep characteristics and the body positions of eight good and eight poor sleepers were monitored in the laboratory for 2 consecutive nights preceded by 2 adaptation nights. Throughout the nights, sleep positions and sleep motility were monitored with a super-8 camera, and a new scoring method was used. Overall, the findings supported earlier observations regarding sleep positions and sleep motility. Interestingly, poor sleepers spent more time awake and had more awakenings than good sleepers. Consistently, poor sleepers spent more time on their backs with their heads straight. These results suggest that sleep positions constitute an important sleep variable and that they may be related to the quality of sleep.
Taxanes and gemcitabine doublets in the management of HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer: towards optimization of association and schedule. (2008)

The management of human epidermal receptor-2 (HER-2) negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is usually problematic, since no standard therapy exists in this setting. For some patients, combination chemotherapy represents a valuable approach, although its use is often limited by the risks of increased toxicity as well as impairments in quality of life (QoL) that often outweigh the marginal efficacy benefit. Against this background, the use of taxanes, either paclitaxel or docetaxel, in combination with gemcitabine as first-line treatment of HER-2 negative MBC is supported by the evidence of the single-agent activity of these drugs, beneficial pharmacological interactions, different mechanisms of action and largely non superimposable toxicity profiles. A number of phase II studies have explored the activity of a taxane plus gemcitabine in both chemonaïve and pretreated MBC patients, all showing remarkably high response rates and exceptional tolerability. In randomized phase III trials, the paclitaxel and gemcitabine combination showed significant improvements in objective responses, time to progression and overall survival, as compared to paclitaxel monotherapy, whereas the docetaxel and gemcitabine doublet demonstrated equal efficacy and better tolerability, as compared to docetaxel plus capecitabine. In addition to standard threeweekly dosing regimens, alternative schedules of administration of taxanes and gemcitabine doublets (weekly, twoweekly) might deserve further investigation due to their potential usefulness in reducing pharmacological toxicity while maintaining or increasing dose-intensity and clinical efficacy. Furthermore, uncertainty exists on which taxane should be preferred in combination with gemcitabine, since no head-to-head comparison between paclitaxel-gemcitabine and docetaxel-gemcitabine has been performed so far. Ongoing trials will address these issues and future investigations will also include the evaluation of bevacizumab, the monoclonal antibody targeted against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in combination with taxanes and gemcitabine doublets.
D‐Lactate and Metabolic Bone Disease in Patients Receiving Long‐Term Parenteral Nutrition (1989)

D-lactate accumulates in some patients with malabsorption who continue oral intake of carbohydrate leading to a clinical syndrome of acidosis and encephalopathy. To assess the possibility that D-lactate contributes to acidosis and/or metabolic bone disease in patients with malabsorption receiving long-term parenteral nutrition yet maintaining oral intake, D-lactate levels in serum and urine were measured in 14 long-term parenteral nutrition subjects (average duration of support 74 months) and 27 control subjects. Significant elevations in both serum and urine D-lactate were found in only two parenteral nutrition subjects. Both subjects with elevated D-lactate levels had bone pain, x-ray evidence of fractures, and biopsy evidence of osteomalacia. These studies suggest that D-lactate accumulation may be a heretofore unappreciated metabolic abnormality associated with metabolic bone disease and acidosis in patients with malabsorption who are supported by long-term parenteral nutrition.
<i>STY1</i>and<i>STY2</i>promote the formation of apical tissues during<i>Arabidopsis</i>gynoecium development (2002)

Gynoecium ontogenesis in Arabidopsis is accomplished by the co-ordinated activity of genes that control patterning and the regional differentiation of tissues, and ultimately results in the formation of a basal ovary, a short style and an apical stigma. A transposon insertion in the STYLISH1 (STY1) gene results in gynoecia with aberrant style morphology, while an insertion mutation in the closely related STYLISH2 (STY2) gene has no visible effect on gynoecium development. However, sty1-1 sty2-1 double mutant plants exhibit an enhanced sty1-1 mutant phenotype and are characterized by a further reduction in the amount of stylar and stigmatic tissues and decreased proliferation of stylar xylem. These data imply that STY1 and STY2 are partially redundant and that both genes promote style and stigma formation and influence vascular development during Arabidopsis gynoecium development. Consistently, STY1 and STY2 are expressed in the apical parts of the developing gynoecium and ectopic expression of either STY1 or STY2 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter is sufficient to transform valve cells into style cells. STY1::GUS and STY2::GUS activity is detected in many other organs as well as the gynoecium, suggesting that STY1 and STY2 may have additional functions. This is supported by the sty1-1 sty2-1 double mutants producing rosette and cauline leaves with a higher degree of serration than wild-type leaves. STY1 and STY2 are members of a small gene family, and encode proteins with a RING finger-like motif. Double mutant analyses indicate that STY1 genetically interacts with SPATULA and possibly also with CRABS CLAW.
Direct Synthesis of MOF‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon with Magnetic Co Nanoparticles toward Efficient Water Treatment (2014)

Nanoporous carbon particles with magnetic Co nanoparticles (Co/NPC particles) are synthesized by one-step carbonization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) crystals. After the carbonization, the original ZIF-67 shapes are preserved well. Fine magnetic Co nanoparticles are well dispersed in the nanoporous carbon matrix, with the result that the Co/NPC particles show a strong magnetic response. The obtained nanoporous carbons show a high surface area and well-developed graphitized wall, thereby realizing fast molecular diffusion of methylene blue (MB) molecules with excellent adsorption performance. The Co/NPC possesses an impressive saturation capacity for MB dye compared with the commercial activated carbon. Also, the dispersed magnetic Co nanoparticles facilitate easy magnetic separation.