gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Composition: A Magnetoencephalography Investigation into the Comprehension of Minimal Linguistic Phrases (2011)

The expressive power of language lies in its ability to construct an infinite array of ideas out of a finite set of pieces. Surprisingly, few neurolinguistic investigations probe the basic processes that constitute the foundation of this ability, choosing instead to focus on relatively complex combinatorial operations. Contrastingly, in the present work, we investigate the neural circuits underlying simple linguistic composition, such as required by the minimal phrase "red boat." Using magnetoencephalography, we examined activity in humans generated at the visual presentation of target nouns, such as "boat," and varied the combinatorial operations induced by its surrounding context. Nouns in minimal compositional contexts ("red boat") were compared with those appearing in matched non-compositional contexts, such as after an unpronounceable consonant string ("xkq boat") or within a list ("cup, boat"). Source analysis did not implicate traditional language areas (inferior frontal gyrus, posterior temporal regions) in such basic composition. Instead, we found increased combinatorial-related activity in the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). These regions have been linked previously to syntactic (LATL) and semantic (vmPFC) combinatorial processing in more complex linguistic contexts. Thus, we suggest that these regions play a role in basic syntactic and semantic composition, respectively. Importantly, the temporal ordering of the effects, in which LATL activity (∼225 ms) precedes vmPFC activity (∼400 ms), is consistent with many processing models that posit syntactic composition before semantic composition during the construction of linguistic representations.
Digital control of synchronous buck converter with multi-mode for wide load range (2012)

This paper proposes digital frequency modulation control scheme of synchronous buck converter with boundary conduction mode and digital control strategy for high efficiency over wide load range. Synchronous converter, which can reduce conduction loss through diode, is preferred in high current application. However, this is inefficient at light load condition. Therefore, to achieve the high efficiency over wide range, multi-mode strategy is proposed using digital control. Modes are classified four types, from continuous conduction mode to boundary conduction mode, discontinuous conduction mode and pulse skipping mode as load decreases. The proposed method is implemented by TI's TMS320F28335 DSP chip. For the experimental verification, a 100W synchronous buck converter with 38V input and 20V/5A output is implemented.
BEHAVIOR OF CO2 PITTING CORROSION OF N80 STEEL (2009)

In simulating the environment of CO_2 corrosion in oilfield,the XRD,EDS and SEM techniques were adopted to study the formation and development of CO_2 pitting corrosion on N80 steel.The results demonstrated that Cl - anions could be enriched and nucleated at the interface between corrosion scale and matrix,which subsequently catalyzed the formation of pitting.Whereas pits could also be enriched by Cl - forming approximately 3 μm enrichment layer at interface,thus leading to the further development of pitting.In present case,the relationship between mechanisms of anodic reaction and morphology of pitting was discussed.
A statistical framework for material decomposition using multi-energy photon counting x-ray detector (2012)

Recently, material decomposition using multi energy photon counting x-ray detector (PCXD) have been one of the very active areas of researches. Even with a few success, decomposition of three materials, including malignant tissue, has been still considered a difficult problem and systematic studies are still required. In this paper, we propose a statistical framework for decomposition of three material using PCXD. In particular, we derive an energy level optimization algorithm using the theory of minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), and iterative update of material composition as well as system parameter estimation under a unified statistical estimation framework. Experiment results using physical breast phantom as well as real ex vivo breast data confirm that the proposed algorithm can accurately decompose three materials including malignant tissue.
Nerve Injury-related Autoimmunity Activation Leads to Chronic Inflammation and Chronic Neuropathic Pain (2013)

Our study suggests that chronic neuropathic pain might be caused by chronic inflammation resulting from a nervous autoimmune reaction triggered by nerve injury.
Livelihood and Resistance (1989)

Livelihood and Resistance examines a Peruvian highland community where rural resistance has been endemic for over a century. Gavin Smith explores the way in which the villagers' daily economic interests and their political struggles contribute to their social and political identity.
New liquid-crystal method for revealing ferroelectric domains (1973)

It was found that a layer of the nematic liquid crystal p-N-(p-Methoxybenzylidene) amino n-butylbenzen, extended on a triglycine sulfate crystal, takes on an orientational pattern which delineates the polarized domain structures. This technique quickly delineates domain structures in great detail and can be used on a wide variety of ferroelectric crystals. It is even applicable to a uniaxial regular type in which a domain structure cannot be detected by ordinary optical methods. The new method and the ordinary carbon powder pattern technique were compared on a triglycine sulfate crystal.
Adaptive control of arterial oxygen pressure of newborn infants under incubator oxygen treatments (1985)

The paper investigates an adaptive feedback control system for incubator oxygen treatments which can determine the optimum oxygen concentration of the mixed gas (FiO2) that should be forced into the incubator so as to maintain the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) within normal limits for a newborn infant with respiratory problems. One of the features of the present system is that the state of respiratory distress can be estimated from the data sequence of the input FiO2 and output tcPO2 (transcutaneous oxygen pressure), and, correspondingly, the control input FiO2 can be adjusted in an adaptive manner. Validity of the control scheme is examined in simulations using the mathematical model of neonatal respiratory system and in animal experiments where we simulate hypoxia dogs by keeping them in various low-ventilation conditions.
An arithmetization of van wijngaarden grammar (1975)

An arithmetization is given of the concept of a van Wijngaarden grannnar, by means of which it is proved that each van Wijngaarden grammar generates a recursively enumerable language.
Colloidal carriers for intravenous drug targeting: Plasma protein adsorption patterns on surface‐modified latex particles evaluated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1993)

Targeting to specific sites of the body via colloidal carriers is sought in order to reduce drug side effects. The adsorption of plasma proteins on intravenously injected particles is regarded as the key factor in explaining their organ distribution: total bound protein, or, more likely, the presence of specific proteins and their conformation, are expected to influence macrophage uptake. Polystyrene beads, 60 nm in diameter, were used as model carriers; their surface was differentially modified by adsorption of increasingly hydrophilic block copolymers, poloxamers 184, 188 and 407. After incubation in plasma, the patterns of protein adsorption onto coated beads were analyzed by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The behavior of some representative proteins was monitored, including albumin, fibrinogen, IgG, factor B and the apolipoproteins, A-I, A-IV, C-III, E and J. The more hydrophobic the particles, the larger the total amount of bound protein. However, this correlation was not valid for all of the analyzed protein species, which proves that it is insufficient to look only at physicochemical data to predict organ distribution. On the contrary, it is essential to use 2-D PAGE to establish the correlation between adsorbed proteins and carrier behavior in vivo.
Optimal Restoration/Maintenance Switching Sequence of Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution Systems (2017)

This paper presents a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model for the optimal restoration/maintenance switching sequence of unbalanced three-phase electrical distribution systems. Once the protection coordination has identified and cleared a faulty zone, the proposed MINLP model determines the status of remotely controlled switches and the dispatchable distributed generation (DG) units, used to de-energized the troubled section of the network and supply as much load as possible. The restoration considers the switching sequence over a discrete horizon, guaranteeing that the operational constraints of the distribution system are not violated in every step of the sequence. Furthermore, a set of linearization strategies are presented to transform the proposed MINLP model into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The use of MILP models guarantees convergence to optimality by applying convex optimization techniques. Tests are performed on an unbalanced three-phase radial distribution system consisting of 123 nodes, 12 switches, and three dispatchable DG units. The obtained results show that the proposed optimization model is a holistic procedure that can be used to efficiently manage power restoration or to minimize isolated areas in case of scheduled maintenance in modern electrical distribution systems.
Liquid crystal matrix display by electrically controlled birefringence (1972)

The feasibility of a liquid crystal matrix display with a large number of independent points has been demonstrated using the electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) effect. A matrix with 50 × 50 points has been realized presenting colored, images.
A SVM/HMM system for speaker recognition (2003)

A framework for combining support vector machines with hidden Markov models (HMM) is given. A HMM is used with a Viterbi alignment to generate a set of subsequences of feature vectors. Each subsequence is then scored using a support vector machine sequence kernel. Experiments are performed for both text-independent and text-prompted speaker recognition tasks. Results show that the method can dramatically reduce error rates over a support vector machine (SVM) only system.
Barium(II) hydroxide as catalyst in organic reactions. 20. Structure-catalytic activity relationship in the Wittig reaction (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBarium(II) hydroxide as catalyst in organic reactions. 20. Structure-catalytic activity relationship in the Wittig reactionM. S. Climent, J. M. Marinas, Z. Mouloungui, Y. Le Bigot, M. Delmas, A. Gaset, and J. V. SinisterraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 15, 3695–3701Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00276a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00276a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1001Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beyond 'knock-out' mice: new perspectives for the programmed modification of the mammalian genome (1998)

The emergence of gene inactivation by homologous recombination methodology in embryonic stem cells has revolutionized the field of mouse genetics. Indeed, the availability of a rapidly growing number of mouse null mutants has represented an invaluable source of knowledge on mammalian development, cellular biology and physiology and has provided many models for human inherited diseases. In recent years, improvements of the original 'knock-out' strategy, as well as the exploitation of exogenous enzymatic systems that are active in the recombination process, have considerably extended the range of genetic manipulations that can be produced. For example, it is now possible to create a mouse bearing a targeted point mutation as the unique change in its entire genome therefore allowing very fine dissection of gene function in vivo. Chromosome alterations such as large deletions, inversions or translocations can also be designed and will facilitate the global functional analysis of the mouse genome. This will extend the possibilities of creating models of human pathologies that frequently originate from various chromosomal disorders. Finally, the advent of methods allowing conditional gene targeting will open the way for the analysis of the consequence of a particular mutation in a defined organ and at a specific time during the life of a mouse.
A comparison of two year classes of hybrid grass carp and grass carp for aquatic plant control. (1983)

Two year classes of grass carp and F, hybrids resulting from bighead carp male x grass carp female were compared at various stocking densities for aquatic plant control. One and two year old grass carp exhibited higher survival rates and better growth rates than the same age hybrid grass carp. The presence of grass carp or hybrid grass carp decreased both Secchi disc transparencies and dissolved oxygen values. Grass carp had a greater negative effect upon these measurements because they removed the vegetation quicker than the hybrid grass carp. These apparent detrimental effects on water quality are necessary trade-offs for vegetation removal by any method. Grass carp and hybrid grass carp utilized Chara sp., Potamogeton pectinatus, Hydrodicton sp., Rhizoclonia sp., and Pithophora sp. Two year old hybrid grass carp required approximately twice as much time as the same age grass carp to eliminate dense growths of the vegetation listed above. One year old hybrid grass carp were slightly less effective than one year old grass carp at controlling these same plant species. However, it was extremely difficult for one or two year old hybrid grass carp to totally eliminate dense growths of these plant species except at high stocking densities. The use of mean vegetation heights to indirectly measure total plant biomass was unacceptable whenever unpreferred floating plant species were present. The hybrid grass carp appeared to be a poor alternative biological control for nuisance aquatic vegetation when compared directly to the grass carp.
Non-Traumatic Hematuria in Children (1966)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1966Non-Traumatic Hematuria in Children Winston E. Harrison, Henry N. Habib, Edwin Ide Smith, and Robert P. McCarthy Winston E. HarrisonWinston E. Harrison More articles by this author , Henry N. HabibHenry N. Habib More articles by this author , Edwin Ide SmithEdwin Ide Smith More articles by this author , and Robert P. McCarthyRobert P. McCarthy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63213-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByWyatt R, William McRoberts J and Holland N (2018) Hematuria in Childhood: Significance and ManagementJournal of Urology, VOL. 117, NO. 3, (366-368), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1977. Volume 96Issue 1July 1966Page: 95-100 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Winston E. Harrison More articles by this author Henry N. Habib More articles by this author Edwin Ide Smith More articles by this author Robert P. McCarthy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Investigation about causes of blindness and low vision among members of Blind and Visually Impaired Italian Union (UICI). (2011)

The analyzed sample allows to get only a rough, although useful, estimate of low vision and blindness in Italy. The causes of visual impairment we found are quite in line with those provided by other international studies. The main difference from previous studies concerns pathologic myopia and retinitis pigmentosa as the most important causes of low vision and blindness among working-age people. Our epidemiological study should be mixed with economical cost-effectiveness evaluations in order to provide further impulses to efficient prevention programs.
Effects of accelerating voltage and pattern size on electron scattering by electron-beam mask (1997)

Electron scattering by electron-beam (EB) masks has been studied by a Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the influence of increasing accelerating voltage, of decreasing pattern size, and of using a thinner mask for a practical engineering application. The simulation study has revealed that there are two different exiting angle distributions; whether the most frequent exiting angle depends on L/S size or not. These are named interfeature scattering and intrafeature scattering, respectively. In order to analyze the electron scattering phenomena, we investigated the electron transmittance and absorbance by normalizing the mask thickness, using a Grün range. As a result, the EB mask was found to be categorazible into four function categories defined by the normalized mask thickness. They are pure absorber, scattering absorber, absorbing scatterer, and pure scatterer. This classification gives us important information for engineering design of the EB mask and for column design. For the EB mask, whose normalized mask thickness is more than 0.2, the transmitted electrons are scattered enough not to contribute to imaging in the angular and the energy distributions and high contrast can be obtained with some optimization of the angular limiting aperture. When the normalized mask thickness is less than 0.2, the limiting angle of the aperture may need to be decreased due to high electron transmittance, but optimization for different pattern sizes is not necessary in the case of the intrafeature scattering. The combination of thinner mask and an appropriate limiting aperture seems to be feasible and promising for future EB cell projection lithography to achieve higher resolution.
Anti-CD9 antibodies augment neutrophil adherence to endothelium. (1991)

Anti-CD9 antibodies which bind to the CD9 (p24) antigen are known to induce platelet and pre-B-cell aggregation. We show here that human endothelium expresses the CD9 antigen, and anti-CD9 antibodies incubated with endothelium induce a rapid increase in adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium by an action on the endothelial cell. This augmented adhesion is not mediated by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or by the leucocyte integrins. Binding of anti-CD9 antibody to CD9 induces shedding of the CD9/anti-CD9 complex off the endothelial cell in a time-dependent manner. It is likely that CD9 binding to its ligand induces an activation event within the endothelial cell, resulting in surface expression of a pre-formed adhesive ligand for the neutrophil, or an activation change to a constitutively expressed ligand to render it functional.
The Enantioselective Metabolism of 4-Isopropenyltoluene in Rabbits. (1994)

4-Isopropenyltoluene (8) was administered orally to rabbits and the following four optically active metabolites, 2-(p-tolyl)propanoic acid (10), p-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid (11), 2-hydroxy-2-(p-tolyl)propanoic acid (12), and 2-(p-tolyl)-1,2-propanediol (13) were isolated from urine in addition to an optically inactive metabolite, 4-isopropenylbenzoic acid (9). The enantiomeric ratios of the metabolites 10 and 11 were respectively R/S = 33:67 and 39:61 (S predominance), whereas those of the metabolites 12 and 13 possessing a tertiary hydroxyl group were R/S = 77:23 and 84:16 respectively (R predominance). The presumed metabolic pathways of 8 in rabbits leading to these metabolites are discussed.
PRESSURE EFFECT AND MECHANISM IN ACID CATALYSIS: VII. HYDROLYSIS OF METHYL, ETHYL, AND <i>t</i>-BUTYL ACETATES (1961)

The effect of pressures up to 3 kbar on the rate of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl, ethyl, and t-butyl acetates in dilute aqueous acid and of ethyl acetate in concentrated hydrochloric acid has been measured. The volume of activation for t-butyl acetate is zero within experimental error, showing that the mechanism is unimolecular. Those for methyl and ethyl acetates are near –9 cm 3 mole −1 in both dilute and concentrated acid. We deduce from this that the mechanism is the same in 9.2-M hydrochloric acid as in dilute acid, that the transition state is not highly polar, and that if the proton in the reactive protonated ester is on the carbonyl oxygen then the attacking water molecule adds, and if the proton is on the ether oxygen then the attacking water molecule substitutes.
Throughput enhancement through femto‐cell deployment (2010)

Abstract This paper studies the impact of a femto‐cell underlay deployment that shares radio frequency resources with urban macro‐cells. Due to their random and uncoordinated deployment, femto‐cells potentially cause destructive interference to macro‐cells and vice versa . On the other hand, femto‐cells promise to substantially enhance the spectral efficiency due to an increased reuse of radio resources. The performance of networks with indoor Home Evolved NodeB (HeNB) deployment is compared to a system where all users, including indoor users, are served by the outdoor macro Evolved NodeB (eNB). In addition, the impact of closed‐access and open‐access femto‐cell operation is examined. It is demonstrated that significant capacity gains can be achieved through such HeNB deployment, regardless of whether closed‐access or open‐access is considered. Results clearly indicate that the capacity gains through femto‐cell deployment outweigh the additional interference they introduce. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age associated changes in sodium, potassium and moisture contents of Turkey skeletal muscles and a note on the effects of testosterone and 17‐β‐oestradiol (1982)

1. Sodium concentration declined and potassium concentration increased sharply in turkey skeletal muscles during the first 3 weeks of life. 2. Testosterone and 17‐β‐oestradiol implantation of 2‐d‐old male turkeys resulted in increased moisture and Na concentrations in leg muscle. 3. Testosterone but not 17‐β‐oestradiol implantation also increased the moisture content of breast muscle.