gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Postharvest Decay in Pear by Four Laboratory-Grown Yeasts and Two Registered Biocontrol Products (1999)

Control of blue mold decay in Bosc pears was studied with the laboratory-grown yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, and two strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, as well as registered biocontrol products Aspire, containing the yeast Candida oleophila, and Bio-Save 11 (now Bio-Save 110), containing the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Both thiabendazole (TBZ)-sensitive and TBZ-resistant strains of Penicillium expansum were used. Aspire treatment reduced the average lesion diameter by approximately 65 and 45%, and reduced decay incidence by 27 and 9% with TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive P. expansum, respectively, in the first year of the study, but did not result in significant decay control in the second year. Bio-Save 11 reduced decay lesion diameter by 32 to 72% and incidence by 21 to 40% over the 2 years. In both years, TBZ-sensitive P. expansum was completely controlled by the combination of either C. laurentii (both strains), R. glutinis, or C. infirmo-miniatus with 100 ppm TBZ. With TBZ-resistant P. expansum, control of wound infection with these yeasts alone or with 100 ppm TBZ ranged from 62.9 to 100%. In a packinghouse trial, control by Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ and Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ was not different than control by TBZ at 569 ppm, the maximum label rate. The amount of decay following Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ treatment was significantly less than the amount of decay following Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ treatment.
Comparative studies of the binding of ethidium bromide and its photoreactive analogs to nucleic acids by fluorescence and rapid kinetics (1980)

The binding studies of the interaction of ethidium bromide with DNA have been hampered by its reversibility, which prevents direct isolation and thus characterization of the complex. The recent development of photoaffinity labeling has provided a means to circumvent this problem. However, to be useful as a probe for the parent compound, a photosensitive analogue must be shown to interact in vivo and in vitro just as the parent analogue. These studies demonstrate by steady-state and nonosecond fluorescence and stopped-flow kinetics that one of the azido analogues of ethidium, 8-azido-3-amino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium chloride, binds nucleic acids quite similarly to ethidium bromide. The interaction of the other azide, 3,8-diazido-5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridinium chloride, with DNA is qualitatively different from that of the monoazide and ethidium bromide. These results suggest that the monoazide would serve as an ideal probe for determining the actual target sites of ethidium bromide in vivo and in vitro.
ITPACKV 2D user's guide (1989)

ITPACKV 2D is an adaptation for vector computers of the ITPACK 2C software package for solving large sparse linear systems of equations by adaptive accelerated iterative algorithms.
Enhanced signal-to-noise ratios in frog hearing can be achieved through amplitude death (2013)

In the ear, hair cells transform mechanical stimuli into neuronal signals with great sensitivity, relying on certain active processes. Individual hair cell bundles of non-mammals such as frogs and turtles are known to show spontaneous oscillation. However, hair bundles in vivo must be quiet in the absence of stimuli, otherwise the signal is drowned in intrinsic noise. Thus, a certain mechanism is required in order to suppress intrinsic noise. Here, through a model study of elastically coupled hair bundles of bullfrog sacculi, we show that a low stimulus threshold and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be achieved through the amplitude death phenomenon (the cessation of spontaneous oscillations by coupling). This phenomenon occurs only when the coupled hair bundles have inhomogeneous distribution, which is likely to be the case in biological systems. We show that the SNR has non-monotonic dependence on the mass of the overlying membrane, and find out that the SNR has maximum value in the region of amplitude death. The low threshold of stimulus through amplitude death may account for the experimentally observed high sensitivity of frog sacculi in detecting vibration. The hair bundles' amplitude death mechanism provides a smart engineering design for low-noise amplification.
Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 lipopolysaccharide antigenic changes induced by environmental conditions (1992)

Four monoclonal antibodies were raised against the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli CFN42 grown in tryptone and yeast extract. Two of these antibodies reacted relatively weakly with the lipopolysaccharide of bacteroids of this strain isolated from bean nodules. Growth ex planta of strain CFN42 at low pH, high temperature, low phosphate, or low oxygen concentration also eliminated binding of one or both of these antibodies. Lipopolysaccharide mobility on gel electrophoresis and reaction with other monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antiserum indicated that the antigenic changes detected by these two antibodies did not represent major changes in lipopolysaccharide structure. The antigenic changes at low pH were dependent on growth of the bacteria but were independent of nitrogen and carbon sources and the rich or minimal quality of the medium. The Sym plasmid of this strain was not required for the changes induced ex planta. Analysis of bacterial mutants inferred to have truncated O-polysaccharides indicated that part, but not all, of the lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide portion was required for binding of these two antibodies. In addition, this analysis suggested that O-polysaccharide structures more distal to lipid A than the epitopes themselves were required for the modifications at low pH that prevented antibody binding. Two mutants were antigenically abnormal, even though they had abundant lipopolysaccharides of apparently normal size. One of these two mutants was constitutively unreactive toward three of the antibodies but indistinguishable from the wild type in symbiotic behavior. The other, whose bacteroids retained an epitope normally greatly diminished in bacteroids, was somewhat impaired in nodulation frequency and nodule development.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes for the Treatment of Patients With EBV-Positive Relapsed Hodgkin's Disease (1998)

Adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is effective prophylaxis and treatment of EBV-positive immunoblastic lymphoma in immunocompromised patients. In 50% of patients with Hodgkin's disease, the tumor cells are EBV antigen-positive and may therefore also be suitable targets for treatment with virus-specific CTLs. However, Hodgkin's disease may produce several inhibitory effects on immune induction and effector function in vivo, which may preclude the generation or effector function of CTLs reactive against EBV viral proteins, including those expressed by the tumor cells. We have investigated whether EBV-specific CTLs could be generated ex vivo from 13 patients with Hodgkin's disease: nine with active relapsed disease and four who were in clinical remission after a first or subsequent relapse. CTL lines were successfully generated from nine of 13 patients (five active disease, four remission). Although these lines had an abnormal pattern of expansion comparable to EBV-specific CTLs generated from normal donors, their phenotype was normal except for reduced expression of the zeta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR). Their cytotoxicity was also compared to EBV-specific lines generated from normal donors and included activity against LMP2a, one of the three weakly immunogenic viral antigens expressed by Hodgkin's tumor cells. To assess the activity of the CTLs in vivo, they were gene-marked and infused into three patients with multiply relapsed disease. The CTLs persisted for more than 13 weeks postinfusion and retained their potent antiviral effects in vivo, thereby enhancing the patient immune response to EBV. This approach may therefore have value in the treatment of EBV-positive Hodgkin's disease.
A Comprehensive Review of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Strategies and Future Prospects (2020)

The ever increasing trend of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system has increased the uncertainty in the operation and control of power system. The vulnerability of RES towards the unforeseeable variation of meteorological conditions demands additional resources to support. In such instance, energy storage systems (ESS) are inevitable as they are one among the various resources to support RES penetration. However, ESS has limited ability to fulfil all the requirements of a certain application. So, hybridization of multiple ESS to form a composite ESS is a potential solution. While integrating these different ESS, their power sharing control plays a crucial role to exploit the complementary characteristics of each other. Therefore, this article attempts to bring the numerous control strategies proposed in the literature at one place. Various control techniques implemented for HESS are critically reviewed and the notable observations are tabulated for better insights. Furthermore, the control techniques are classified into broad categories and they are briefly discussed with their limitations. From the carried-out analysis, the challenges faced towards the implementation of HESS for standalone and grid connected microgrid systems are presented. Finally, the future directions are laid out for the researchers to carry out the research and implementation of HESS technologies. Overall, this article would serve as a thorough guide on various control techniques implemented for HESS including their features, limitations and real-time applications.
Words Relating to Plants and Animals in the Mammoth Cave Region (1964)

Research Article| November 01 1964 Words Relating to Plants and Animals in the Mammoth Cave Region Gordon Wilson Gordon Wilson Western Kentucky University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Publication of the American Dialect Society (1964) 42 (1): 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1215/-42-1-11 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Gordon Wilson; Words Relating to Plants and Animals in the Mammoth Cave Region. Publication of the American Dialect Society 1 November 1964; 42 (1): 11–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/-42-1-11 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Dialect SocietyThe Publication of the American Dialect Society Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. American Dialect Society1964 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Substance P Analog, DiMe-C7: Evidence for Stability in Rat Brain and Prolonged Central Actions (1982)

A metabolically protected analog of substance P, [pGlu5-MePhe8-MeGly9]SP(5-11) (DiMe-C7), was approximately equipotent with substance P in causing increased locomotor activity after microinfusion into the ventral tegmental area of rat brain, but the effects of DiMe-C7 on behavior were considerably prolonged. There was little metabolic degradation of tritiated DiMe-C7 for up to 1 hour after infusion, whereas tritiated substance P was completely degraded within 10 minutes.
Expression of wild-type and mutant bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A in Escherichia coli. (1993)

Wild-type ribonuclease A and five mutants thereof have been expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins by using a T7 expression system. The five mutants are C[65-72]S, C[40-95]S, C[58-110]S, C[26-84]S, and K41G. The expressed fusion protein formed inclusion bodies which were then cleaved by factor Xa. The cleaved ribonuclease A was isolated as unfolded (sulfonated), soluble protein which was subsequently folded. This expression system can be used to produce mutants of ribonuclease A in yields suitable for folding and structural studies. All four native three-disulfide mutants exhibited enzymatic activity (5-30%), although only two were thermally stable at room temperature, demonstrating that no single native disulfide bond is essential for folding. The K41G mutant was enzymatically inactive with cyclic cytidine monophosphate as substrate.
Characterization of a New Vacuolar Membrane Aquaporin Sensitive to Mercury at a Unique Site (1996)

Mark J. Daniels, , T. Erik Mirkov, Maarten J. Chrispeels, Characterization of a New Vacuolar Membrane Aquaporin Sensitive to Mercury at a Unique Site, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Apr., 1996), pp. 587-599
Metal‐catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange labelling: a brief overview (2010)

Abstract An overview is given of this Special Issue of the Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals dealing with the subject of metal‐catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange labelling. In addition to summarizing the areas covered by the contributed papers, the overview also adds some historical information and gives short reviews of those areas and metals, not specifically covered by the contributed papers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 14-bit column-parallel two-step SA ADC with on-chip scaled reference voltages self-calibration for CMOS image sensor (2016)

This paper presents a 14-bit column-parallel successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SA ADC) for CMOS image sensor. The proposed SA ADC utilizes a 7-bit charge redistribution capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) with four column shared reference voltages to significantly reduce the area and power consumption. An on-chip self-calibration scheme is employed to calibrate the two scaled reference voltages. The calibration technique is free from comparator offset and convenient to implement. Simulation shows that the error of the scaled reference voltages after calibration is less than 0.21 LSB. The proposed SA ADC is implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology and achieves a DNL of +0.33/-0.33 LSB and INL of +0.39/-0.33 LSB while consumes 191 μW at a sampling rate of 600 KS/s.
Submerged Cultured Mycelium Extracts of Higher Basidiomycetes Mushrooms Selectively Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Differentiation of K562 Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells (2003)

Human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignancy of pluripotent hematopoietic cells characterized by a distinctive cytogenetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which results in the creation of a p210Bcr–Abl fusion protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity. Forty-two species of Higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms were cultivated as pure cultures in submerged conditions, and dry mycelium was used to prepare 168 different crude extracts. The crude extracts were used to evaluate antiproliferative activity against a number of cancer cell lines, including K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line), Jurkat (human T lymphoblast cells), HT29 (human colon adenocarcinoma cells), MH3924A (rat Morris hepatoma), and ABAE (adult bovine aortic endothelial cells) using XTT proliferation assay. Forty-four crude extracts with antiproliferative effect against K562 cells were selected, and eight mycelium extracts were K562-selective compared with MH3924A, HT29, ABAE, and Jurkat cells. Growth inhibition against K562 ranged from 51% to 78% compared with solvent-treated samples. Most crude extracts exhibited a complete or partial cytostatic effect against K562 cells. The anti-proliferative effect observed by the selected crude extracts was attributed to the induction of an apoptosis pathway as determined by Apostain ELISA assay and by monitoring PARP cleavage. It is interesting that crude extract MH428 was the most active extract in inducing apoptosis of K562 cells. In addition, expression levels of p210Bcr–Abl were affected by the presence of the selected crude extracts. Our data revealed a significant inhibition of p210Bcr–Abl expression by MH428 extract, a moderate effect by MH17, and minor changes by the other extracts. Furthermore, mycelium crude extracts were active in inducing erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. Crude extracts Meth178, MH17, and MH428 showed significant ability to induce hemoglobin production in K562 cells, as indicative of erythroid differentiation. The results obtained support the potential use of the crude mycelium extracts for the treatment of CML and beta-globin disorders.
The effect of Tuftsin on the nitrous blue tetrazolium reduction of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1975)

The influence of Tuftsin, the synthetic phagocytosis-stimulating tetrapeptide (L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine), on the nitrous blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was investigated. It was found that this substance increases the NBT reduction by approximately as much as endotoxin. Other tetrapeptides do not share this property. When Tuftsin analogs are added to the cell suspension and incubated, they prevent the action of both Tuftsin and endotoxin but not of methylene blue. When washed of the analogs, the cells regain the property to be activated by both Tuftsin and endotoxin. It appears that methylene blue on one hand and Tuftsin and endotoxin on the other hand have different sites for their actions. We suggest that whereas methylene blue diffuses into the cell and acts directly upon the hexosemonophosphate shunt activation, Tuftsin and endotoxin appear to act on the cell membrane binding to specific receptors. By treating the cells with Tuftsin analogs, we probably block these receptors.
Euphol arrests breast cancer cells at the G1 phase through the modulation of cyclin D1, p21 and p27 expression (2013)

Euphorbia tirucalli is a long‑established treatment for a wide variety of cancers. However, the mechanism of its anticancer effect is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the anticancer effect of euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene alcohol isolated from the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli, in T47D human breast cancer cells. Following the treatment of cells with different doses of euphol for 24, 48 and 72 h, the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and mRNA and protein levels of cell cycle regulatory molecules were analyzed, respectively. Treatment of the cells with euphol resulted in decreased cell viability, which was accompanied by an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Further studies demonstrated that euphol treatment downregulated cyclin D1 expression and the hypophosphorylation of Rb. Furthermore, this effect was correlated with the downregulation of cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) expression and the upregulation of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Reduced expression levels of cyclin A and B1 were also observed, corresponding to the decreased distribution of cells in the S and G2/M phases, respectively. These findings indicated that euphol is an active agent in Euphorbia tirucalli that exerts anticancer activity by arresting the cell cycle of cancer cells.
Ohmic-Contact Technology for GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes: Role of P-Type Contact (2009)

GaN-based semiconductors are of great technological importance for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes. The further improvement of LED performance can be achieved through the enhancement of external quantum efficiency. In this regard, high-quality p-type ohmic electrodes having low contact resistance and high transmittance (or reflectivity), along with thermal stability, must be developed because p-type ohmic contacts play a key role in the performance of LEDs. In this paper, we review recent advances in p-type ohmic-contact technology for GaN-based LEDs. A variety of methods for forming transparent and reflective ohmic contacts are introduced.
Gene Expression Signature-Based Screening Identifies New Broadly Effective Influenza A Antivirals (2010)

Classical antiviral therapies target viral proteins and are consequently subject to resistance. To counteract this limitation, alternative strategies have been developed that target cellular factors. We hypothesized that such an approach could also be useful to identify broad-spectrum antivirals. The influenza A virus was used as a model for its viral diversity and because of the need to develop therapies against unpredictable viruses as recently underlined by the H1N1 pandemic. We proposed to identify a gene-expression signature associated with infection by different influenza A virus subtypes which would allow the identification of potential antiviral drugs with a broad anti-influenza spectrum of activity. We analyzed the cellular gene expression response to infection with five different human and avian influenza A virus strains and identified 300 genes as differentially expressed between infected and non-infected samples. The most 20 dysregulated genes were used to screen the connectivity map, a database of drug-associated gene expression profiles. Candidate antivirals were then identified by their inverse correlation to the query signature. We hypothesized that such molecules would induce an unfavorable cellular environment for influenza virus replication. Eight potential antivirals including ribavirin were identified and their effects were tested in vitro on five influenza A strains. Six of the molecules inhibited influenza viral growth. The new pandemic H1N1 virus, which was not used to define the gene expression signature of infection, was inhibited by five out of the eight identified molecules, demonstrating that this strategy could contribute to identifying new broad anti-influenza agents acting on cellular gene expression. The identified infection signature genes, the expression of which are modified upon infection, could encode cellular proteins involved in the viral life cycle. This is the first study showing that gene expression-based screening can be used to identify antivirals. Such an approach could accelerate drug discovery and be extended to other pathogens.
Solid-Phase Extraction Fractionation To Extend the Characterization of Naphthenic Acids in Crude Oil by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Naphthenic (NAP) acids have been previously characterized by negative electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), both directly and from acid extracts. Here, we show that collective characterization of NAP acids with negative-ion ESI, both with and without prior extraction, results in a loss of signal from high mass acids because of ion suppression by low mass acids. We have developed an extraction to simultaneously isolate and fractionate NAP acids into distinct molecular weight ranges, thereby grouping acids into fractions with similar ionization efficiency. A NAP acid fraction was isolated (all acids isolated collectively in one fraction) and compared to NAP acid isolation by molecular weight. Characterization of acid molecular weight fractions extended the observed upper mass limit from ∼850 Da for the collectively isolated acids to ∼1450 Da for the acids isolated by molecular weight range, thereby approximately doubling the observed mass range for NAP acids. Plots of double bond equivalents (DBE = number of rings plus double bonds to carbon) versus carbon number span both higher carbon number and higher DBE values than are accessed by collective acid characterization. The high mass resolving power and mass accuracy of FT-ICR MS are essential for identification and resolution of acidic species across a wide mass range.