gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart environments for cultural heritage (2005)

This paper outlines a vision of Smart Environments for Cultural Heritage. The concept draws on research in an area variously known as Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing or Ambient Intelligence, which is recognized as one of the current grand challenges for computer science. Smart environments depend on communication and cooperation between numerous devices, sensor networks, servers in the fixed infrastructure and the increasing number of mobile devices carried by people. By adapting their behaviour to shared contextual information, applications may provide information and services tailored to their users ’ immediate needs. Location is a key ingredient and many potential applications will rely on the fusion of multiple spatial models based on containment, proximity or relative positioning, as well as conventional absolute positioning. Applications in the Cultural Heritage domain range from field survey and excavation, through analysis and interpretation, conservation and preservation, to public presentation. Indeed, the domain has already proved to be a popular test bed for several experimental systems. The approach is illustrated using FieldMap, a tool designed primarily for capturing and sharing archaeological and other data in the field, but which contains components that are applicable to a wider range of CH uses. This wider applicability arises because FieldMap is an application of the MobiComp ubiquitous computing infrastructure. MobiComp has been designed to support the capture, sharing and re-use of contextual information across a wide range of mobile and networked devices.
The inefficacy of polivalent Pasteurella multocida vaccines for sheep. (1983)

Immunity assays on sheep sera using passive mouse protection tests showed that vaccines containing more than 4 strains of Pasteurella multocida did not give a good immunity. The immune response was not enhanced by the use of an oil adjuvant, and high concentrations of bacteria had only a partial positive effect. Attempts to extract selectively the protection-inducing antigen(s) from P. multocida by veronal, phenol or potassium thiocyanate extraction were unsuccessful. Furthermore, it was found that sheep antisera to the recognized type strains of P. multocida afforded only limited protection against a number of field strains. We concluded from this that successful immunization against ovine pasteurellosis will depend on either the identification of a strain of P. multocida that gives a wide spectrum of immunity or the discovery of a live mutant suitable for vaccine production and the definition of cultural conditions that promote the expression of a common immunizing antigen.
Topical Anesthetics Update (2001)

BACKGROUND Topical anesthetics remain a powerful, new advance for pain relief prior to cutaneous procedures. They are frequently used by dermatologists to decrease the pain associated with laser pulses, surgical procedures, or soft tissue augmentation. EMLA is the most commonly used agent, however, several new topical anesthetic agents have been released recently that claim increased efficacy and a faster onset of action. OBJECTIVE We review and compare the efficacy of several commonly used topical anesthetics and provide a look into the future. CONCLUSION EMLA remains the most widely used topical anesthetic given its proven efficacy and safety by several clinical trials. There has been a recent release of several new topical anesthetic agents with some demonstrating efficacy after a 30-minute application time. A reservoir of anesthetic is located and stored in the upper skin layers during application, providing additional anesthetic benefit 30 minutes after removal. As the options for the practitioner continue to grow, the demand for faster onset, comparative efficacy, and safety trials will continue to be of paramount importance.
Magnetic Click Colloidal Assembly (2012)

We introduce a new class of spherical colloids that reversibly self-assemble into well-defined nonlinear structures by virtue of "magnetic patches". This assembly is driven by tunable magnetostatic binding forces that originate from microscopic permanent magnets embedded underneath the surface of the particles. The resulting clusters form spontaneously in the absence of external magnetizing fields, and their geometry is determined by an interplay between magnetic, steric, and electrostatic interactions. Imposing an external magnetic field enables the clusters to unbind or change their geometry allowing, in principle, the creation of materials with a reconfigurable structural arrangement.
Smartphone remote control for home automation applications based on acoustic wake-up receivers (2014)

In most home automation scenarios electronic devices like shutters or entertainment products (Hifi, TV) are constantly in a standby mode that consumes a considerable amount of energy. The standby mode is necessary to react to commands triggered by the user. To reduce the standby current we present a node that can be attached to the plug of electronic devices and that can turn them on and off. The node contains a wake-up receiver module that reacts to an acoustic 18 kHz tone and that switches the node from active to passive mode. In active mode the node can turn on or off the respectively power source for the device under control. The acoustic wake-up signal can be sent out by any kind of speaker which enables a commercial smartphone to act as an universal acoustic remote control without line-of-sight requirement. Our wake-up receiver consists of an 18 kHz LF receiver and an MEMs-Microphone. A wake-up range of 7.5 m using a smartphone as a sender was achieved. The overall power consumption was measured to 56 µW in standby mode. Using a 230 mAh coin cell as the energy supply a theoretical lifetime of 500 days is possible.
Top-down mass spectrometry of a 29-kDa protein for characterization of any posttranslational modification to within one residue (2002)

A mass difference between the measured molecular weight of a protein and that of its DNA-predicted sequence indicates sequence errors and/or posttranslational modifications. In the top-down mass spectrometry approach, the measured molecular ion is dissociated, and these fragment masses are matched against those predicted from the protein sequence to restrict the locations of the errors/modifications. The proportion of the ion's interresidue bonds that are cleaved determines the specificity of such locations; previously, ubiquitin (76 residues) was the largest for which all such bonds were dissociated. Now, cleavages are achieved for carbonic anhydrase at 250 of the 258 interresidue locations. Cleavages of three spectra would define posttranslational modifications at 235 residues to within one residue. For 24 of the 34 possible phosphorylation sites, the cleavages of one spectrum would delineate exactly all -PO(3)H substitutions. This result has been achieved with electron-capture dissociation by minimizing the further cleavage of primary product ions and by denaturing the tertiary noncovalent bonding of the molecular ions under a variety of conditions.
Design of ultra-stable insulin analogues for the developing world (2013)

The engineering of insulin analogues illustrates the application of structure-based protein design to clinical medicine. Such design has traditionally been based on structures of wild-type insulin hexamers in an effort to optimize the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of the hormone. Rapid-acting insulin analogues (in chronological order of their clinical introduction, Humalog ® [Eli Lilly & Co.], Novolog ® [Novo-Nordisk], and Apidra ® [Sanofi-Aventis]) exploit the targeted destabilization of subunit interfaces to facilitate capillary absorption. Conversely, long-acting insulin analogues exploit the stability of the insulin hexamer and its higher-order self-assembly within the subcutaneous depot to enhance basal glycemic control. Current products either operate through isoelectric precipitation (insulin glargine, the active component of Lantus ® ; Sanofi-Aventis) or employ an albumin-binding acyl tether (insulin detemir, the active component of Levemir ® ; Novo-Nordisk). Such molecular engineering has often encountered a trade-off between PK goals and product stability. Given the global dimensions of the diabetes pandemic and complexity of an associated cold chain of insulin distribution, we envisage that concurrent engineering of ultra-stable protein analogue formulations would benefit the developing world, especially for patients exposed to high temperatures with inconsistent access to refrigeration. We review the principal mechanisms of insulin degradation above room temperature and novel molecular approaches toward the design of ultra-stable rapid-acting and basal formulations.
Design, fabrication, and modeling of the split actuator microrobotic bee (2012)

The split actuator microrobotic bee is the first flight-capable, insect-scale flapping-wing micro air vehicle that uses “split-cycle” constant-period frequency modulation to control body forces and torques. Building this vehicle is an intricate challenge, but by leveraging a maturing fabrication technology for microscale devices, we have developed a solution to tackle the design and fabrication difficulties. We show that the design is able to independently modulate the motions of both wings and produce roll, pitch, and yaw torques, as well as a peak lift force of 1.3 mN, in a 70mg package.
Iterative multi-channel equalization and LDPC decoding for underwater acoustic coherent communications (2010)

Multi-Channel adaptive decision feedback equalizer (MC-ADFE) is a main method to overcome multi-path distortion and eliminate Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) for underwater acoustic channel. LDPC codes are capacity achieving codes, which can provide considerable coding gain. In this paper, the turbo theory is applied to form iterative multi-channel adaptive decision feedback equalizer (MC-ADFE) and LDPC decoder. In iterative equalization and decoding algorithm (IED), the MC-ADFE and LDPC decoder exchange soft information in an iterative manner, which can enhance the equalizer performance using significant decoding gain. The simulation results show that proposed system scheme can improve the performance of equalizer and get considerable coding gain. So, the performance of underwater acoustic communication system can be improved greatly.
Social Media Anomaly Detection (2017)

Anomaly detection is of critical importance to prevent malicious activities such as bullying, terrorist attack planning, and fraud information dissemination. With the recent popularity of social media, new types of anomalous behaviors arise, causing concerns from various parties. While a large body of work haven been dedicated to traditional anomaly detection problems, we observe a surge of research interests in the new realm of social media anomaly detection. In this tutorial, we survey existing work on social media anomaly detection, focusing on the new anomalous phenomena in social media and most recent techniques to detect those special types of anomalies. We aim to provide a general overview of the problem domain, common formulations, existing methodologies and future directions.
A method for controlling tactile sensation of surface roughness using ultrasonic vibration (2002)

A method is proposed for controlling the tactile sensation of surface roughness. This method creates a smoother feeling on a surface by applying ultrasonic vibration, with a few micrometers amplitude, to the surface. The sensation can thus be controlled without altering the actual surface profile. Experiments using five to ten subjects showed the properties of the proposed method, such as the effect of ultrasonic vibration on tactile sensation, the positive relationship between the generation of a smooth feeling and vibration amplitude, and the dependence on vibration frequency. The typical perceived feeling with this method, 'air smoothness', is postulated to be due to the 'squeeze air film effect' between the finger and the surface. The calculated squeeze force qualitatively agreed well with our experimental results. The proposed method also enables the generation of resistant impressions, such as 'the surface is rougher/more sticky' and 'a virtual protrusion exists on the surface', when the duration of the ultrasonic vibration is short enough.
Antimicrobial Effect of a Novel Ozone– Generating Device on Micro–Organisms Associated with Primary Root Carious Lesions in vitro (2000)

The aims of this present study were (1) to assess the antimicrobial effect of ozone from a novel ozone-generating device (Heolozone, USA) [0.052% (v/v) in air delivered at a rate of 13.33 ml.s(-1)] on primary root carious lesions (PRCLs) and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of ozone specifically on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. In study 1, 40 soft PRCLs from freshly extracted teeth were randomly divided into two groups to test the antimicrobial effect on PRCLs from exposure to ozonated water for either 10 or 20 s. Half of a lesion was removed using a sterile excavator. Subsequently, the remaining lesion was exposed to the ozonised water for a period of either 10 or 20 s (corresponding to 0. 069 or 0.138 ml of ozone, respectively). Using paired Student t tests, a significant (p<0.001) reduction (mean +/- SE) was observed in the ozone-treated groups with either a 10-second (log(10) 3.57+/-0.37) or 20-second (log(10) 3.77+/-0.42) ozone application compared with the control groups (log(10) 5.91+/-0.15 and log(10) 6.18+/-0.21, respectively). In study 2, 40 sterile saliva-coated glass beads were randomly divided into two groups for each micro-organism. One glass bead was put into each bijou bottle with 3 ml of Todd-Hewitt broth. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were inoculated anaerobically overnight. Each glass bead was then washed with 2 ml of phosphate-buffered saline. Immediately, 10 s of ozone gas was applied to each glass bead in the test groups. There was a significant (p<0.0001) reduction (mean +/- SE) in ozone-treated samples for S. mutans (log(10) 1.01+/-0.27) and S. sobrinus (log(10) 1.09+/-0.36) compared with the control samples (log(10) 3.93+/-0.07 and log(10) 4.61+/-0.13, respectively). This treatment regime is an effective, quick, conservative and simple method to kill micro-organisms in PRCLs. Ozone gas application for a period of 10 s was also capable of reducing the numbers of S. mutans and S. sobrinus on saliva-coated glass beads in vitro.
High throughput reconstruction of Huffman-coded images (2003)

The Huffman code is an efficient noiseless coding method for images, video, and other applications. For applications in graphic computers, high-definition televisions (HDTV), and optical fiber networks, Huffman-coded images need to be reconstructed at a high throughput rate. Due to the recursion within the reconstruction algorithm, the achievable throughput rate in a given IC technology is limited by the iteration bound. Methods of relaxing the iteration bound of the reconstruction process, thus increasing the concurrency in the decoding process, are proposed. These methods are simple, effective, and flexible. Unlimited concurrency can be achieved at the expense of additional latency. The incurred overhead is very low, and the complexity increases only linearly with the achieved throughput improvement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relations between Body Motion and Emotion: Analysis based on Laban Movement Analysis (2013)

This study examined the relationship between human body movements and emotion based on Laban Movement Analysis (LMA).Ten participants participated in the experiment in which they stayed at a small resting room while hearing pleasant or unpleasant sounds.After the stay at the room, the participants rated their subjective emotional states.Participants' body movement were also recorded with four video cameras.The movement analysis based on LMA reveled significant differences in movement features between experimental conditions.In addition, significant correlations between movement features and subjective mood ratings were observed.These results suggest a strong relationship between human body movements and emotion.
Content-based image retrieval using fractional distance metric (2012)

Distance measurement is one of the key tasks in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). This paper proposes a new fractional distance metric for CBIR. We conduct extensive experiments on three famous benchmark datasets, using different color, texture and shape features. Our experiments show that retrieval performance of the new distance metric consistently outperforms the more common City Block and Euclidean distance metrics, as well as several other commonly-used distance functions. The experimental results on three commonly used benchmark datasets show that the new fractional distance metric can be used universally.
F.m. noise of low-level-operating IMPATT-diode oscillators (1971)

An analytical relationship for the output-spectrum width of a low-level-operating IMPATT-diode oscillator is verified experimentally by measuring relevant diode and circuit quantities as well as the oscillator noise. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found if the spectrum width is assumed to be predominantly due to f.m. noise.
Central CRF, urocortins and stress increase colonic transit via CRF<sub>1</sub> receptors while activation of CRF<sub>2</sub> receptors delays gastric transit in mice (2004)

Recently characterized selective agonists and developed antagonists for the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptors are new tools to investigate stress-related functional changes. The influence of mammalian CRF and related peptides injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on gastric and colonic motility, and the CRF receptor subtypes involved and their role in colonic response to stress were studied in conscious mice. The CRF(1)/CRF(2) agonists rat urocortin 1 (rUcn 1) and rat/human CRF (r/h CRF), the preferential CRF(1) agonist ovine CRF (oCRF), and the CRF(2) agonist mouse (m) Ucn 2, injected i.c.v. inhibited gastric emptying and stimulated distal colonic motor function (bead transit and defecation) while oCRF(9-33)OH (devoid of CRF receptor affinity) showed neither effects. mUcn 2 injected peripherally had no colonic effect. The selective CRF(2) antagonist astressin(2)-B (i.c.v.), at a 20 : 1 antagonist: agonist ratio, blocked i.c.v. r/hCRF and rUcn 1 induced inhibition of gastric transit and reduced that of mUcn 2, while the CRF(1) antagonist NBI-35965 had no effect. By contrast, the colonic motor stimulation induced by i.c.v. r/hCRF and rUcn 1 and 1h restraint stress were antagonized only by NBI-35965 while stimulation induced by mUcn 2 was equally blocked by both antagonists. None of the CRF antagonists injected i.c.v. alone influenced gut transit. These data establish in mice that brain CRF(1) receptors mediate the stimulation of colonic transit induced by central CRF, urocortins (1 and 2) and restraint stress, while CRF(2) receptors mediate the inhibitory actions of these peptides on gastric transit.
Regulation of the Hydrogenase-4 Operon of <i>Escherichia coli</i> by the σ <sup>54</sup> -Dependent Transcriptional Activators FhlA and HyfR (2002)

The hyf locus (hyfABCDEFGHIJ-hyfR-focB) of Escherichia coli encodes a putative 10-subunit hydrogenase complex (hydrogenase-4 [Hyf]); a potential sigma(54)-dependent transcriptional activator, HyfR (related to FhlA); and a putative formate transporter, FocB (related to FocA). In order to gain insight into the physiological role of the Hyf system, we investigated hyf expression by using a hyfA-lacZ transcriptional fusion. This work revealed that hyf is induced under fermentative conditions by formate at a low pH and in an FhlA-dependent fashion. Expression was sigma(54) dependent and was inhibited by HycA, the negative transcriptional regulator of the formate regulon. Thus, hyf expression resembles that of the hyc operon. Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 30 bp upstream of the hyfA structural gene, with appropriately located -24 and -12 boxes indicative of a sigma(54)-dependent promoter. No reverse transcriptase PCR product could be detected for hyfJ-hyfR, suggesting that hyfR-focB may be independently transcribed from the rest of the hyf operon. Expression of hyf was strongly induced ( approximately 1,000-fold) in the presence of a multicopy plasmid expressing hyfR from a heterologous promoter. This induction was dependent on low pH, anaerobiosis, and postexponential growth and was weakly enhanced by formate. The hyfR-expressing plasmid increased fdhF-lacZ transcription just twofold but did not influence the expression of hycB-lacZ. Interestingly, inactivation of the chromosomal hyfR gene had no effect on hyfA-lacZ expression. Purified HyfR was found to specifically interact with the hyf promoter/operator region. Inactivation of the hyf operon had no discernible effect on growth under the range of conditions tested. No Hyf-derived hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase activity could be detected, and no Ni-containing protein corresponding to HyfG was observed.
Weak inversion charge injection in analog MOS switches (1995)

The on-chip test circuit for examining the charge injection in analog MOS switches has been described in detail, and has been fabricated and characterized. Mixed-mode circuit and device simulations have been performed, creating excellent agreements not only with the experimental waveforms but also with the measured switch-induced error voltage. Further investigation of the experimental and simulated results has separated the charge injection into three distinct components: i) the channel charges in strong inversion; ii) the channel charges in weak inversion; and iii) the charges coupled through the gate-to-diffusion overlap capacitance. Important observations concerning the weak inversion charge injection have been drawn from the waveform of the current through the switched capacitor. In this work the channel charges in weak inversion have exhibited a 20% contribution to the switch-induced error voltage on a switched capacitor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Changes in lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma liver lipids in thiram intoxicated rats. (1993)

Acute thiram (tetramethyl-bis-thiocarbamyl disulphide) poisoning of rat (a single dose of 50% LD50) caused decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue, the greatest inhibition being observed at 72 h after administration of the pesticide. Simultaneously, the levels of total plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were increased. On repeated pesticide administration (5% LD50) decreased LPL activity was observed after 14 and 30 days of poisoning, whereas after 90 days the LPL activity was distinctly increased. The levels of total cholesterol (in all periods of poisoning) and HDL cholesterol (only after 30 days of poisoning) became increased. These changes were accompanied by decreased content of free fatty acids and increase of hepatic triacylglycerols. The changes observed in the lipoprotein lipase activity of thiram-poisoned rats correspond to the profiles of plasma lipoproteins typical of thyroid hypofunction.