gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-modal Hallucination for Few-shot Fine-grained Recognition (2018)

State-of-the-art deep learning algorithms generally require large amounts of data for model training. Lack thereof can severely deteriorate the performance, particularly in scenarios with fine-grained boundaries between categories. To this end, we propose a multimodal approach that facilitates bridging the information gap by means of meaningful joint embeddings. Specifically, we present a benchmark that is multimodal during training (i.e. images and texts) and single-modal in testing time (i.e. images), with the associated task to utilize multimodal data in base classes (with many samples), to learn explicit visual classifiers for novel classes (with few samples). Next, we propose a framework built upon the idea of cross-modal data hallucination. In this regard, we introduce a discriminative text-conditional GAN for sample generation with a simple self-paced strategy for sample selection. We show the results of our proposed discriminative hallucinated method for 1-, 2-, and 5- shot learning on the CUB dataset, where the accuracy is improved by employing multimodal data.
Determination of total lead in 400 lipsticks on the U.S. market using a validated microwave-assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. (2013)

In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published lead (Pb) content results from a small survey of 20 tube lipsticks with red shades using a validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) method developed by FDA chemists. The study was prompted by a media report suggesting that potential exposure to lead from lipsticks under conditions of ordinary use might be harmful. The FDA has since investigated the lead content of tube lipsticks by conducting an expanded survey that included a variety of shades and manufacturers, at varying prices. The purposes of the expanded survey were to ascertain the levels of lead in lipsticks sold on the U.S. market, to identify any categories of lipstick with elevated levels of lead, and to compare the results to those from the initial small survey. Four hundred lipsticks available on the U.S. market in the spring of 2010 were tested for total lead content using the FDA's validated method. The analyses were performed by a private laboratory contracted by the FDA. The maximum lead level found was 7.19 mg Pb/kg. Thirteen of the 400 lipsticks were found to contain levels greater than 3.06 mg Pb/kg, the highest amount found in the initial survey. The average lead concentration found in the expanded survey was 1.11 mg Pb/kg, which was very close to the average of 1.07 mg Pb/kg found in the initial survey. Some statistically significant associations between lead level and parent company were found. The contract requirements, testing procedures, and findings from the expanded survey are described here.
High Resolution Multispectral Linear Focal Plane Using An Area Image Sensor (1981)

A technique for building a high resolution linear focal plane using a single low resolution area detector array is described. A silicon area imager is fabricated with an opaque light shield layer having small clear apertures located over the detector elements which define the picture elements. By displacing the apertures sideways from one row of detectors to the next and using the array in conjunction with a multiline data buffer, a line scan resolution equal to the total number of detector elements in the area array is achieved. The design consider-ations and tradeoffs involved in using such a technique will be discussed. A practical realization of such a system will be shown which uses an array built with a 4 X 1024 element configuration to achieve 4096 resolution elements per line. Multispectral capability is achieved by using four such arrays fabricated on the same device with spectral filtering provided by patterned interference filters on the cover slip. Array output and results of device characterization will be shown.
Alterations in translatable ribonucleic acid after heat shock of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)

Changes in populations of translatable messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA's) after heat shock of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined and found to correlate very closely with transient alterations in patterns of in vivo protein synthesis. Initial changes included an increase in translatable species coding for polypeptides synthesized during heat shock; this increase was found to be dependent on transcription but did not require ongoing protein synthesis. A decrease was observed in the level of translatable mRNA's coding for polypeptides whose synthesis was repressed after heat shock. This decrease was much more rapid than can be explained solely by termination of transcription. Requirements for this rapid loss of RNA from the translatable pool included both transcription and an active rna1 gene product but not protein synthesis. After the initial changes in translatable RNA induced by heat shock, the patterns of both in vivo and in vitro translation products began to revert to the preshock levels. This recovery period, unlike the earlier changes, was dependent upon a requisite period of protein synthesis.
Fabrication of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a nanothin protective layer by atomic layer deposition (2013)

Anode aluminum oxide-supported thin-film fuel cells having a sub-500-nm-thick bilayered electrolyte comprising a gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) layer and an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer were fabricated and electrochemically characterized in order to investigate the effect of the YSZ protective layer. The highly dense and thin YSZ layer acted as a blockage against electron and oxygen permeation between the anode and GDC electrolyte. Dense GDC and YSZ thin films were fabricated using radio frequency sputtering and atomic layer deposition techniques, respectively. The resulting bilayered thin-film fuel cell generated a significantly higher open circuit voltage of approximately 1.07 V compared with a thin-film fuel cell with a single-layered GDC electrolyte (approximately 0.3 V).
Prediction of Coating Lifetime Based on FTIR Microspectrophotometric Analysis of Chemical Evolutions (1999)

Most of the world activity on research, development and control of polymer durability is still based on empirical techniques developed in the early ages of polymer uses. Those techniques should be critically analysed considering the advances of the fundamental understanding of these complex phenomena. In the field of coating ageing, empirism is prevalent in the mode of application of environmental stresses in laboratory conditions and in the degradation criteria used. A more rational approach is described which is based on the recognition of the chemical evolution mechanisms. Applications of the physico-chemical stresses and definition of the degradation criteria should be consistent with the identified mechanisms. Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydroxylated polyesters crosslinked with substituted melamins or condensed isocyanates are presented as examples of the "mechanistic approach" ; the identification of the two chemical routes which account for the mechanical detriment is based on FTIR and micro-FTIR spectrophotometric analysis, the later technique being used to observe specifically the chemical evolution of the elementary layers of the clear-coat and base-coat.
Arachidonic acid metabolism in purified human lung mast cells. (1984)

Arachidonic acid metabolism has been explored in preparations of purified human lung mast cells prelabeled with arachidonic acid (AA). Cells were of 83 to greater than 96% purity, and each experiment was performed with four to six different preparations of mast cells. After overnight culture of the purified cells in the presence of 3H-AA, followed by extensive washing in buffer, mast cell uptake of labeled AA was 61.4 +/- 14.8 pmol/10(6) cells with 21 +/- 2.4% of the label in phospholipids, 73 +/- 2.1% in neutral lipids, and 3.6 +/- 0.8% as free AA. Analysis of the distribution of radioactivity in phospholipid classes revealed 51.4 +/- 5.5% of the label in phosphatidylcholine, 14.5 +/- 1.6% in phosphatidylinositol, 12.0 +/- 3.0% in phosphatidylethanolamine, and 9.1 +/- 2.4% in sphingomyelin, with the rest in other phospholipid classes. Challenge of these cells with an optimal concentration of anti-IgE led to the release of 20 +/- 4.0% of cellular histamine and to a reduction in labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol to 75.5 +/- 8.8% and 84.2 +/- 4.5% of the control levels, respectively, (p less than 0.05); anti-IgE challenge produced no statistically significant change in the quantities of other labeled phospholipids. Activation of human lung mast cells with anti-IgE led to the release of 3.4 +/- 1.3% of the cellular 3H as AA and AA metabolites (1.5 +/- 0.6% as unmetabolized AA) in conjunction with 16 +/- 4.3% of the cellular histamine. Although activation of human lung mast cells with ionophore A23187 caused 70 +/- 1.1% histamine release, a similar quantity of AA and AA metabolites was released (a total of 4.0 +/- 0.8% with 2.3 +/- 1.5% as unmetabolized AA). Analysis of the released metabolites by liquid scintillation spectrometry after high performance liquid chromatography separation showed that approximately equal amounts of metabolites were produced after mast cell activation with anti-IgE and ionophore A23187. In this series of experiments approximately equal amounts of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products were generated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Differential Privacy Preservation for Deep Auto-Encoders: an Application of Human Behavior Prediction (2016)

In recent years, deep learning has spread beyond both academia and industry with many exciting real-world applications. The development of deep learning has presented obvious privacy issues. However, there has been lack of scientific study about privacy preservation in deep learning. In this paper, we concentrate on the auto-encoder, a fundamental component in deep learning, and propose the deep private auto-encoder (dPA). Our main idea is to enforce ε-differential privacy by perturbing the objective functions of the traditional deep auto-encoder, rather than its results. We apply the dPA to human behavior prediction in a health social network. Theoretical analysis and thorough experimental evaluations show that the dPA is highly effective and efficient, and it significantly outperforms existing solutions.
Transitive dependencies in transaction closures (2002)

Complex applications consist of a large set of transactions which are interrelated. There are different kinds of dependencies among transactions of a complex application, e.g. termination or execution dependencies which are constraints on the occurrence of significant transaction events. The authors analyze a set of (orthogonal) transaction dependencies. They do not follow traditional approaches which consider advanced transaction structures as a certain kind of nested transactions. They introduce the notion of transaction closure as a generalization of nested transactions. A transaction closure comprises all transactions which are (transitively) initiated by one (root) transaction. By specifying dependencies among transactions of a transaction closure they are then able to define well-known transaction structures like nested transactions as well as advanced activity structures, e.g. workflows, in a common framework. In particular they consider the transitivity property for all kinds of transaction dependencies discussed in the paper. Thus, they are able to conclude how two arbitrary transactions are transitively interrelated. This issue is fundamental for understanding the entire semantics of a complex application.
Recovery of NBTI degradation in HfSiON/metal gate transistors (2005)

The instability of threshold voltage in PMOS HfSiON devices with TiN gate electrode under negative bias and temperature stress (NBTI) is investigated. The amount of threshold voltage shift with negative bias stress is found to be more extreme than the traditional NBTI in SiO/sub 2/. It is found that the transconductance and subthreshold swing of the PMOS transistors are relatively unaffected by the stress, merely a lateral shift in threshold voltage is observed. A low activation energy (0.042 eV) is found for the temperature dependence of the threshold instability. Based on these observations, we assert that charge trapping is responsible for the threshold voltage instability rather than the traditional hydrogen reaction-diffusion model of SiO/sub 2/. Using our previous results on ab initio calculations of the defects created by introduction of nitrogen into hafnium dioxide, a model is introduced that suggests that traps deep in the silicate bandgap are contributing to electron trapping and de-trapping of the dielectric. This assertion is further reinforced by the observation of charge trapping of identical NMOS devices but at similar dielectric field strengths.
Cloning, mapping and RNA analysis of the human methionine synthase gene (1996)

Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine is a risk factor in both birth defects and vascular disease. Methionine synthase (MS) is a cobalamin dependent enzyme which catalyzes methylation of homocysteine to methionine. Impaired MS activity is expected to lead to increased levels of plasma homocysteine. In addition, defects in this gene may underlie the methionine-dependence observed in a number of human tumor cell lines. We describe here the isolation and characterization of the human MS cDNA. It contains an open reading frame of 3798 nucleotides encoding a protein of 1265 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 140 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the human MS is 55% identical with that of the Escherichia coli enzyme (METH) and 64% identical with the predicted Caenorhabditis elegans enzyme. Seven peptide sequences derived from purified porcine MS have substantial similarity to the human protein. Northern analysis indicates that the MS RNA is present in a wide variety of tissues. We have mapped the human gene to chromosomal location 1q43, a region found monosomic in individuals with deletion 1q syndrome. The isolation of the MS cDNA will now allow the direct determination of whether mutations in this gene contribute to folate-related neural tube defects, cardiovascular diseases, and birth defects.
Real-time coherent optical edge enhancement (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. W. Lewis, "Real-time coherent optical edge enhancement," Appl. Opt. 17, 161-162 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Apolipoprotein synthesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2002)

The pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis, a prerequisite of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is poorly understood. Because very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) formation is the chief route of hepatic lipid export, we hypothesized that the synthesis of apoB-100, a rate-determining step in hepatic VLDL formation, may be altered in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study evaluated the relative synthesis rates of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) in patients with NASH and in lean and body mass index (BMI)-matched (obese) controls without NASH. A primed continuous infusion of L-[1-(13)C] leucine was used to measure the absolute synthesis rates (ASR) of apoB-100 and fibrinogen in 7 patients with NASH and compared them with 7 lean and 7 obese (BMI-matched) controls without NASH. The ASRs of fibrinogen and albumin also were measured. The mean ASR of apoB-100 in patients with NASH was lower (31.5 +/- 3.4 mg/kg/d) than that of obese (115.2 +/- 7.2 mg/kg/d, P <.001) and lean controls (82.4 +/- 4.1 mg/kg/d, P =.002). In contrast, the mean ASR of fibrinogen was greater in subjects with NASH than in both control groups. These data indicate that NASH is associated with markedly altered hepatic synthesis of apoB-100. The finding that albumin synthesis was not similarly decreased in patients with NASH shows that the attenuation of apoB-100 synthesis is not on the basis of globally impaired hepatic protein synthesis. In conclusion, because apoB-100 synthesis is a rate-determining step in hepatocyte lipid export, decreased synthesis of this protein may be an important factor in the development of hepatic steatosis, a prerequisite for NASH.
The Cost of Future Policy: Intertemporal Public Sector Balance Sheets in the G7 (2021)

This paper compiles the Intertemporal Public Sector Balance Sheets for all G7 countries and examines their relationship with government borrowing costs. In 2018, all G7 countries have negative Intertemporal Net Financial Worth (INFW), falling short of their intertemporal budget constraint. A decomposition of the evolution of INFW shows that short-term fluctuations are mainly driven by fiscal policy changes, while in the long run demographic changes and health and pension obligations play a larger role. We find that on average a 10 percentage point of GDP increase in INFW reduces the (future) 10-1 year sovereign yield curve spread by 2.8 basis points. This results suggest that financial markets pay attention to governments’ future policy obligations, in addition to its current assets and liabilities.
Detecting hidden enemy lines in IP address space (2013)

If an outbound flow is observed at the boundary of a protected network, destined to an IP address within a few addresses of a known malicious IP address, should it be considered a suspicious flow? Conventional blacklisting is not going to cut it in this situation, and the established fact that malicious IP addresses tend to be highly clustered in certain portions of IP address space, should indeed raise suspicions. We present a new approach for perimeter defense that addresses this concern. At the heart of our approach, we attempt to infer internal, hidden boundaries in IP address space, that lie within publicly known boundaries of registered IP netblocks. Our hypothesis is that given a known bad IP address, other IP address in the same internal contiguous block are likely to share similar security properties, and may therefore be vulnerable to being similarly hacked and used by attackers in the future. In this paper, we describe how we infer hidden internal boundaries in IPv4 netblocks, and what effect this has on being able to predict malicious IP addresses.
Computer aided design of scoliosis braces (1992)

The aim of this paper is to present a new method for CAD of scoliosis braces and improvements of scoliosis evolution knowledge.
Sample Metallization for Performance Improvement in Desorption/Ionization of Kilodalton Molecules:  Quantitative Evaluation, Imaging Secondary Ion MS, and Laser Ablation (2003)

The metallization procedure, proposed recently for signal improvement in organic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (Delcorte, A.; Médard, N.; Bertrand, P. Anal.Chem. 2002, 74, 4955)., has been thoroughly tested for a set of kilodalton molecules bearing various functional groups: Irganox 1010, polystyrene, polyalanine, and copper phthalocyanine. In addition to gold, we evaluate the effect of silver evaporation as a sample treatment prior to static SIMS analysis. Ion yields, damage cross sections, and emission efficiencies are compared for Ag- and Au-metallized molecular films, pristine coatings on silicon, and submonolayers of the same molecules adsorbed on silver and gold. The results are sample-dependent but as an example, the yield enhancement calculated for metallized Irganox films with respect to untreated coatings is larger than 2 orders of magnitude for the quasimolecular ion and a factor of 1-10 for characteristic fragments. Insights into the emission processes of quasimolecular ions from metallized surfaces are deduced from kinetic energy distribution measurements. The advantage of the method for imaging SIMS applications is illustrated by the study of a nonuniform coating of polystyrene oligomers on a 100-microm polypropylene film. The evaporated metal eliminates sample charging and allows us to obtain enhanced quality images of characteristic fragment ions as well as reasonably contrasted chemical mappings for cationized PS oligomers and large PP chain segments. Finally, we report on the benefit of using metal evaporation as a sample preparation procedure for laser ablation mass spectrometry. Our results show that the fingerprint spectra of Au-covered polystyrene, polypropylene, and Irganox films can be readily obtained under 337-nm irradiation, a wavelength for which the absorption of polyolefins is low. This is probably because the gold clusters embedded in the sample surface absorb and transfer the photon energy to the surrounding organic medium.
Is There Evidence That Providing Home Interventions for Obese Children Ages Seven to Seventeen Is an Effective Method for Creating Lifestyle Changes? (2010)

Obesity is increasingly becoming an issue for many children with and without disabilities. Occupational therapists treating children who are obese may want to consider potential intervention strategies for a child and family that improve healthy habits and routines within the home. This critical appraisal of the topic explores whether occupational therapy intervention may result in a lifestyle change for children who are obese.
On Using SDN in 5G: The Controller Placement Problem (2016)

To integrate Software Defined Networking (SDN) in the envisioned 5G system, a separation of the control and user data plane functions of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is required. This separation will impact mainly the functions available at the Serving GateWay (SGW) and Packet data GateWay (PGW) elements, and will result in two new entities; i.e. the S/PGW-C and S/PGW-U (PGW-C and PGW-U). The S/PGW-C integrates all the control plane functions (such as signaling and tunnel creation), while S/PGW-U contains only forwarding functions. The S/PGW-C will control the S/PGW-U in order to forward the UE traffic to the appropriate destinations by enforcing rules e.g., using the Openflow protocol. Usually, the S/PGW-C will run as a Virtual Network Function (VNF) running on a Virtual Machine or Container instantiated over a federated cloud. In this paper, we focus on the problem of the SGW-C placement, where a tradeoff is needed between reducing the SGW relocation frequency and balancing the traffic load among the underlying SGW-C VNFs. We formulate this problem using optimisation models, and a fair solution (i.e. Pareto optimal) is derived using Nash Bargaining game and the threat point.
<i>FHIT</i> gene therapy prevents tumor development in Fhit-deficient mice (2001)

The tumor suppressor gene FHIT spans a common fragile site and is highly susceptible to environmental carcinogens. FHIT inactivation and loss of expression is found in a large fraction of premaligant and malignant lesions. In this study, we were able to inhibit tumor development by oral gene transfer, using adenoviral or adenoassociated viral vectors expressing the human FHIT gene, in heterozygous Fhit(+/-) knockout mice, that are prone to tumor development after carcinogen exposure. We therefore suggest that FHIT gene therapy could be a novel clinical approach not only in treatment of early stages of cancer, but also in prevention of human cancer.