gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Dense Carbon on Fused-Quartz Wool for Spacecraft Life Support Application (1986)

The present study was undertaken to determine if dense carbon could be grown efficiently at relatively low temperatures on smooth silica surfaces via methane pyrolysis in a continuous flow reactor. Process gases ranging from a 50% methane/hydrogen mixture to 100% methane were passed through either empty or fused-quartz-wool-packed quartz tube reactors isothermally maintained at 1100° to 1250°C. The results indicated that relatively dense carbon (1.6 to 2.2 g/cm3) could be produced within this temperature range by using a low flow rate of pure methane passing through a fused-quartz-wool-packed reactor maintained at 1200°C. These results constitute new findings, since previous studies of the formation of carbon from methane indicated that much higher temperatures (1800° to 2500°C) were required to form dense carbon without metal catalysis. The results also support the condensation theory of hydrocarbon pyrolysis to carbon.
PRIMARY SIDE DETECTION AND PEAK CURRENT MODE CONTROL IN FLYBACK CONVERTER (2004)

A new cycle-by-cycle control flyback converter with primary side detection and peak current mode control is proposed and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The flyback converter is verified by the OrCAD simulator. The main advantages of this converter over the conventional one are simplicity, small size, rapid regulating and no sensing control signals over the isolation barrier. The circuit is suitable for digital control implementations.
Learning to Recognize Objects (2003)

A theory of object recognition requires a theory of shape. Despite considerable empirical and theoretical research, however, a definition of object shape has proved elusive. Two experiments provide new insights by showing that children's object recognition changes dramatically during the period between 17 and 25 months. During this time, children develop the ability to recognize stylized three-dimensional caricatures of known and novel objects. This ability is linked to the number of object names in children's vocabularies, suggesting that category learning may be a driving force behind the developmental changes.
Safety Assessment and Design of Dependable Cybercars: For today and the future (2017)

Future generations of automobiles (also known as cybercars) will further increase the proliferation of electronic control units (ECUs) to contrive novel infotainment and distributed control applications. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26262 is an automotive standard that designates automotive safety integrity levels (ASILs) to indicate the criticality associated with a function. This article aims to provide a concise discussion on the safety assessment and design of dependable cybercars considering the current state of the art and future perspectives. I will elaborate on the risk assessment and design of dependable cybercars as stipulated in ISO 26262 and classify failure modes in cybercars and the methods to assess these failures. I will also discuss various hardware architectural metrics to assess safety and dependability of a cybercar design as well as various research challenges and future research directions for realizing safe and dependable cybercars.
Live cell lithography and non-invasive mapping of neural networks (2014)

This research explores two applications that both require the ability to dynamically and efficiently redirect a laser to a volume of focal points in a sample. In the first application, a fabrication technique is presented to microlithographically-patterned three dimensional cellular structures in polymer hydrogels, with a particular focus on patterning C2C12 cells in linear arrangements to study the formation of muscle fibers. By exploiting the precision and control of microlithography to fabricate artificial tissues, this research aims to develop and demonstrate use of a tool that can be used to answer fundamental questions of developmental cell biology which cannot be addressed with existing randomly arranged 3D tissue scaffolds or 2D plated cells. In the second application a spatial light modulator (SLM) based microscope is presented that offers a new optical method of stimulating and monitoring interconnected cells in 3D environments. By non-invasively stimulating and imaging such 3D arrangements including artificial, ex vivo or in vivo tissue volumes, this research further aims to extend understanding of cellular interconnectivity, particularly in neural networks of brain slices. This highly interdisciplinary work was completed in collaboration with a diverse group of active international collaborators from the fields of micromanipulation, microlithography, cellular biology, and neuroscience.\nThe tissue engineering work presented in this thesis merges holographic optical tweezers for cell positioning with step-and-repeat 3D additive manufacturing to fabricate complex polymer microstructures of arbitrary scale containing internal cellular arrangements organized with micron-scale precision. These polymer micro-scaffolds support the cellular network and also provide channels for nutrient flow and directed cell growth. This research is the foundation of a new discipline of live cell lithography, which is used to enable biologists to study cell to cell signaling and cellular growth as a function of 3D cellular positioning in an environment that more realistically represents living tissue.\nThe second portion of the research extends the understanding of 3D cell networks using optogenetics. The project aims to develop a spatial light modulator (SLM) based microscope to enable optical monitoring and manipulation of the activity of neuronal ensembles, in vitro and in vivo. The outcome is a compact commercially available microscope that enables fast, 3D imaging and photoactivation of neurons. This can be used for imaging intact neural network activity, optical manipulation of neuronal firing, functional mapping of brain connectivity, investigating neurovascular coupling, and assaying neuronal activity in animal models of brain disease.
Design and simulation of a 4 kV ESD protection circuit for a 0.8 mu m BiCMOS process (2002)

The authors present a novel ESD protection circuit that demonstrates 4 kV ESD protection in a BiCMOS process and show how to apply widely available simulation tools (TMA-PISCES and SPICE) to design this circuit. The protection circuit uses a novel triggering scheme by which an npn is able to protect the fully silicided, LDD (lightly doped drain) output nMOST. The npn is triggered by an nMOST injecting charge into the base. ESD stress data are obtained on control circuits to establish that the trigger transistor is indeed necessary. The authors also discuss other triggering schemes and general output protection strategies for advanced CMOS and BiCMOS circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hole-Cleaning Capabilities of an Ester-Based Drilling Fluid System (1996)

Summary Well 33/9-C02, located in the Statfjord field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, held the world record in extended-reach drilling from 1993-95. To successfully drill a well of this type, an efficient drilling fluid is required to suspend the weighting material and provide good carrying capacity. The ester-based mud system used in the 12¼ and 8½-in. hole sections of this well exhibited excellent holecleaning capabilities. This paper describes the fluid's performance in the field and in the laboratory where the fluid was tested under downhole conditions. Fluid rheological behavior is described with the more accurate yield-power law (YPL) (Herschel-Bulkley) model.
Optimal Power Allocation for Cooperative Networks (2010)

In cellular network, the deployment of the relay station can bring spatial diversity to increase link capacity and improve communication performance. In this paper, we consider an optimal power allocation scheme for the source and the relay to minimize the bit error rate (BER) at the destination under the power and outage constraint in cooperative relay system. Simulation results show that the BER performance can achieve a significant gain by the proposed power allocation scheme. With different relay strategies such as AF and DF, different transmit power are allocated for the source and the relay to achieve the required BER performance in the downlink cooperation.
A Graphical Journey of Innovative Organic Architectures That Have Improved Our Lives (2010)

A new free graphical teaching tool that highlights the beautiful organic architectures of the top selling pharmaceuticals is detailed on two posters. In addition to the multitude of teaching and data-mining opportunities these posters offer, they were also created to emphasize the central role organic chemists play in the development of new therapeutics.
Comparison of doxycycline delivery methods for Tet-inducible gene expression in a subcutaneous xenograft model. (2007)

Doxycycline (Dox) controlled Tet systems provide a powerful and commonly used method for functional studies on the consequences of gene overexpression/downregulation. However, whereas Dox delivery in tissue culture in vitro is relatively simple, the situation in vivo is more complex. Several methods of Dox delivery in vivo have been described-e.g., in drinking water containing alcohol, in drinking water containing various concentrations of sucrose, and in feed. Unfortunately there are no reports directly comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these diverse methods, and there is no generally accepted standard. We therefore compared four non-invasive methods of Dox delivery in vivo-in drinking water, by gavage, as a jelly, and in standard feed. To assess the delivery of Dox by these methods, we used a subcutaneous xenograft model based on colorectal carcinoma cells engineered for Dox-inducible expression of an activated mutant of c-Src and the luciferase reporter gene. Our results indicate that feed represents the most favorable method of Dox administration.
Improvements in the azomethine‐H method for the determination of boron (1974)

Abstract Suggestions are made for the elimination of some interferences with the azomethine‐H method for boron analysis of soil extracts, leaves, plants, manures, composts, nutrient solutions and irrigation waters.
Scalable mutli-layer barrier synchronization on NoC (2016)

Barrier is a widely used synchronization mechanism adopted in different scales of parallel systems. Being a global operation in a system, scalability has become a critical design concern of the barrier implementation. Reducing the number of messages and hop count are main challenges for attaining a well-scalable barrier design. This paper proposes an efficient control mechanism and communication scheme for barrier operations and exploits novel multi-layer barrier algorithms on NoC (Network on Chip) based multiprocessor systems. A novel barrier controller and communication unit are introduced to enable efficient barrier synchronization on NoC. The proposed modules improve the cooperative communication between synchronization messages, and can be easily integrated into a general NoC switch. For a 32×32 network, the proposed 2-layer barrier can respectively reduce the latency and hop count up to 61.7% and 99.3%. The experimental results have also revealed in-depth analysis of different design options.
Canopy Cover Effects on Cellulose Decomposition in Oak and Pine Stands (2000)

Cellulose mass loss was measured for four levels of canopy cover,i.e., clearcut, 25%, 75%, and uncut, in northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands in northern Lower Michigan, USA. Cellulose mass loss was more rapid in the clearcut and 25% canopy cover treatments than in the 75% canopy cover and uncut treatments. After 4 month incubation of cellulose filter papers, mass loss rates averaged 75.2% in the clearcut, 56.3% in the 25% canopy cover, 46.9% in the 75% canopy cover, and 45.7% in the uncut stands. For the clearcut and the 25% canopy cover treatments, cellulose mass loss in the mineral soil layer was significantly higher than in the forest floor after 2 and 4 months of incubation, while cellulose mass loss of the uncut treatment was significantly lower in the soil layer than in the forest floor after 4 months of incubation. Cellulose mass loss was not significantly different between the oak and the pine stands (p > 0.05), but cellulose mass loss rates in other canopy cover treatments except for the clearcut were generally higher in red oak stands than in red pine stands. These results suggest that canopy manipulation increases cellulose decomposition and may stimulate nutrient cycling process in canopy removal stands.
Visceral endoderm-restricted translation of <i>Otx1</i> mediates recovery of <i>Otx2</i> requirements for specification of anterior neural plate and normal gastrulation (1998)

Otx1 and Otx2, two murine homologs of the Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) gene, contribute to brain morphogenesis. In particular Otx1 null mice are viable and show spontaneous epileptic seizures and abnormalities affecting the dorsal telencephalic cortex. Otx2 null mice die early in development and fail in specification of the rostral neuroectoderm and proper gastrulation. In order to determine whether Otx1(-/- )and Otx2(-/-) highly divergent phenotypes reflect differences in temporal expression or biochemical activity of OTX1 and OTX2 proteins, the Otx2-coding sequence was replaced by a human Otx1 full-coding cDNA. Homozygous mutant embryos recovered anterior neural plate and proper gastrulation but failed to maintain forebrain-midbrain identities, displaying a headless phenotype from 9 days post coitum (d.p.c.) onwards. Unexpectedly, in spite of the RNA distribution in both visceral endoderm (VE) and epiblast, the hOTX1 protein was synthesized only in the VE. This VE-restricted translation was sufficient to recover Otx2 requirements for specification of the anterior neural plate and proper organization of the primitive streak, thus providing evidence that the difference between Otx1 and Otx2 null mice phenotypes originates from their divergent expression patterns. Moreover, our data lead us to hypothesize that the differential post-transcriptional control existing between VE and epiblast cells may potentially contribute to fundamental regulatory mechanisms required for head specification.
Comparison of Nevirapine (NVP) Resistance in Ugandan Women 7 Days vs. 6–8 Weeks after Single-Dose NVP Prophylaxis: HIVNET 012 (2004)

We compared nevirapine (NVP) resistance (NVPR) mutations in maternal plasma 7 days vs. 6-8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis. In the HIVNET 012 trial, Ugandan women received a single dose of NVP in labor for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. NVPR mutations were detected in 70 (25%) of 279 women 6-8 weeks after NVP. Samples collected 7 days after NVP were analyzed from a subset of those 279 women. Genotyping was performed with the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System. NVPR was analyzed using paired samples from 7 days and 6-8 weeks after NVP. Sixty-five women had genotyping results obtained for samples collected at both 7 days and 6-8 weeks post-NVP. Twenty-one (32%) of those women had NVPR mutations detected in one or both samples. This included three women with NVPR at 7 days only, seven with NVPR at 6-8 weeks only, and 11 with NVPR at both time points. Eight women had >1 NVPR mutation detected 7 days after NVP. Y181C was the most common NVPR mutation detected at 7 days, whereas K103N was the most common NVPR mutation detected at 6-8 weeks. We conclude that NVPR may be detected in women as early as 7 days after single-dose NVP. Complex patterns of NVPR are detected in some women. The Y181C NVPR mutation often fades from detection by 6-8 weeks. In contrast, the K103N mutation emerges more slowly, but often remains detectable 6-8 weeks after NVP.
Carbametallic Boron Hydride Derivatives. I. Apparent Analogs of Ferrocene and Ferricinium Ion (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbametallic Boron Hydride Derivatives. I. Apparent Analogs of Ferrocene and Ferricinium IonM. Frederick Hawthorne, Donald C. Young, and Patrick A. WegnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 8, 1818–1819Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01086a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01086a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1213Altmetric-Citations313LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Involvement of K<sub>ATP</sub>and KvLQT1 K<sup>+</sup>channels in EGF-stimulated alveolar epithelial cell repair processes (2007)

Several respiratory diseases are associated with extensive damage of lung epithelia, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in their regeneration are not clearly defined. Growth factors released by epithelial cells or fibroblasts from injured lungs are important regulators of alveolar repair by stimulating cell motility, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, K(+) channels regulate cell proliferation/migration and are coupled with growth factor signaling in several tissues. We decided to explore the hypothesis, never investigated before, that K(+) could play a prominent role in alveolar repair. We employed a model of mechanical wounding of rat alveolar type II epithelia, in primary culture, to study their response to injury. Wound healing was suppressed by one-half upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) titration with EGF-antibody (Ab) or erbB1/erbB2 tyrosine-kinase inhibition with AG-1478/AG-825. The addition of exogenous EGF slightly stimulated the alveolar wound healing and enhanced, by up to five times, alveolar cell migration measured in a Boyden-type chamber. Conditioned medium collected from injured alveolar monolayers also stimulated cell migration; this effect was abolished in the presence of EGF-Ab. The impact of K(+) channel modulators was examined in basal and EGF-stimulated conditions. Wound healing was stimulated by pinacidil, an ATP-dependent K(+) channel (K(ATP)) activator, which also increased cell migration, by twofold, in basal conditions and potentiated the stimulatory effect of EGF. K(ATP) or KvLQT1 inhibitors (glibenclamide, clofilium) reduced EGF-stimulated wound healing, cell migration, and proliferation. Finally, EGF stimulated K(ATP) and KvLQT1 currents and channel expression. In summary, stimulation of K(+) channels through autocrine activation of EGF receptors could play a crucial role in lung epithelia repair processes.
Analyzing the natural color system's color‐order system by using a nonlinear color‐appearance model (1989)

Abstract The Natural Color System (NCS) is analyzed by using a nonlinear color‐appearance model. Perceptual uniformity was examined for each of the NCS attributes of blackness (s), chromaticness ( Cr ), and hue. Some nonuniformities were found in chromaticness and hue spacing, which were probably the result of the assessing and scaling method used in developing the system. In addition, a colorimetric interpretation is given to a principal plane in the NCS consisting of the colors with ( s,Cr ) = (50,0) and (0,100). The colors with (0,100) have different values of Y for different hues. Based on the analysis, a method is developed to predict the NCS attributes from the values x, y, Y of an object color by using the nonlinear color‐appearance model. The present analysis clarifies the importance of the NCS system in studying the color appearance of object colors.
Noradrenaline modulation of calcium channels in single smooth muscle cells from rabbit ear artery. (1988)

1. Whole‐cell recordings of voltage‐gated Ca2+ current in single smooth muscle cells from rabbit ear artery were obtained with 110 mM‐Ba2+ as charge carrier. 2. Noradrenaline (NA, 1‐20 microM) produced a sustained increase in the dihydropyridine‐sensitive L‐type Ca2+ current, ranging up to 3‐fold in some cells. The dihydropyridine‐resistant T‐type Ca2+ current was not affected. 3. The time and voltage dependence of activation and inactivation of the L‐type current were not significantly changed during NA modulation. 4. The NA‐induced increase in L‐current was enhanced in magnitude and consistency by the inclusion of 200 microM‐GTP in the pipette (internal) solution. 5. The effect of NA on L‐current was not abolished by pre‐treatment with prazosin, phentolamine or propranolol, suggesting that it is not mediated by alpha‐ or beta‐adrenoceptors. 6. Phenylephrine (5 microM) was ineffective as an agonist, while adrenaline was approximately equipotent to NA. In these respects, the pharmacology of L‐current modulation resembles that of ‘gamma’‐adrenergic receptors (Hirst & Nield, 1980). 7. NA modulation of L‐type Ca2+ channels may be particularly important in promoting sympathetic vasoconstriction in resistance vessels where Ca2+ stores are relatively poorly developed and where NA‐evoked contractions are very sensitive to organic Ca2+ channel antagonists.
Grain SA Congress 2016 : a platform for positivity : out and about (2016)

The 2016 Grain SA Congress, which took place in Bothaville from 3 to 4 March, had an overall positive outcome, despite the hardships farmers are currently experiencing. It was a positive congress for us, said Jannie de Villiers, CEO of Grain SA. Although most farmers here are struggling financially, they are still willing to join us in coming up with strategies for our organisation and themselves to pave the way forward and overcome this difficult time.
Preliminary Screening of Potential Control Products against Drosophila suzukii (2014)

The first recording of Drosophila suzukii in the UK occurred in the south of England during August 2012. Since then sticky traps have continued to record the presence of individuals. Several products (both chemical and biological) were investigated for their efficacy against different life-stages of the pest. Both direct and indirect exposure to control products was assessed. Spinosad, chlorantraniliprole and the experimental product, TA2674, showed excellent potential as control agents when used as either a pre- or post-dipping treatment for blueberries with mortalities of 100%, 93% and 98% mortality, respectively, being achieved following pre-treatment. Direct spray application of all products tested had limited impact upon adult flies. Highest mortality (68%) was achieved following direct application of TA2674. Entomopathogenic agents (nematodes and fungi) tested appeared to reduce fly population development (ranges of 34-44% mortality obtained) but would seem unable to eradicate outbreaks. The potential of the tested products to control D. suzukii is discussed.