gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PET FES measures in vivo pharmacodynamics of endocrine therapy (2007)

14110 Background: Many clinical options are available for management of hormone sensitive breast cancer, including agents which lower estrogen levels such as aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and agents with block ligand binding to receptor such as tamoxifen (TAM) or fulvestrant (FUL). Estrogen receptor (ER) function is essential for sensitivity to hormonal manipulation in breast cancer treatment. We and others have previously shown that functional ER imaging using PET FES predicts response to hormonal therapy using a quantitative threshold of SUV >1.5. Herein we report that FES PET provides a unique insight into in vivo pharmacodynamics of ER therapy. We hypothesized that the impact of therapy on estradiol binding to ER, measured by FES PET, differs between AIs and ER antagonists, and that early changes in receptor expression/occupancy show efficacy of drug at the tumor target. Methods: Patients undergoing treatment with AI, TAM, or FUL underwent baseline PET FDG and FES, and follow-up PET FES imaging at 2–8 weeks post initiation of therapy. Results: We observed the following changes in FES uptake on hormonal therapy: Mean percent change in FES SUV were 54% decline for TAM and FUL vs. 14% decline for AI treated patients (p<.001). Patients on TAM showed complete blockade of tumor FES uptake on therapy (5/5 with residual SUV <1.5), whereas patients on FUL had variable uptake and incomplete blockade at tumor sites in most patients (4/11 with residual SUV <1.5) (p < .05 FUL vs. TAM), despite consistent blockade of uterine FES uptake in patients where the uterus was visualized pre-FUL. Patients on AI therapy (n=14) had variable tumor uptake following treatment initiation. Conclusions: PET FES effectively monitors the in vivo activity of therapy. Estrogen blocking therapies result in a greater change in tumoral estradiol binding than in ligand depletion. TAM effectively blocks uptake of FES as would be predicted by the mechanism of action of this agent. However, FUL (while blocking uterine uptake) incompletely blocks tumor uptake, providing a mechanism to explain reduced activity of this agent in some patients. Ongoing analysis is designed to assess whether early changes in FES predict response or clinical benefit. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Glycomic Analysis of Alpha-Fetoprotein L3 in Hepatoma Cell Lines and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients (2008)

The N-glycan structures of the Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), a tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), were analyzed in relationship to glycosyltransferases and LCA-affinity electrophoresis. Using HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS, we determined the N-glycan structures of AFP from HCC cell lines, and demonstrated they were affected by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and fucosyltransferase VIII, but not by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V. Moreover, we identified the N-glycan structures of AFP in HCC patients.
Microcavity plasma photodetectors: Photosensitivity, dynamic range, and the plasma-semiconductor interface (2005)

Detailed measurements of the photosensitivity of Si microcavity plasma photodetectors in the visible and near-infrared (420–1100 nm) are reported for input optical intensities to a 100×100μm2 inverted pyramid device varied over three orders of magnitude (10−5–10−2Wcm−2). By resolving the contribution to the overall device response from the plasma/semiconductor interaction, as opposed to bulk Si photoconductivity, the photosensitivity of the plasma photodetector operating in 500 Torr of Ne was determined to range from (2.2±0.4)A∕W for 2 nW of input power (at λ=780nm) to (1.3±0.2)A∕W at ∼0.65μW. The spectral response profile of the hybrid plasma/semiconductor detector is similar to that of a conventional pn junction photodiode, but is blueshifted by ∼60nm. Also, the peak photosensitivity (3.5A∕W at λ≃900nm) of a Si microplasma device having a 50×50μm2 aperture is approximately twice that for its larger (100×100μm2) counterpart under identical conditions. Analysis of the data suggest that bandbending at the p-Si surface is sufficiently strong for a thin n-type region to form, thereby resembling a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor in the inversion mode. Electrons in this thin layer tunnel through the vacuum (Si-plasma) barrier, followed by electron avalanche in the nonequilibrium plasma. These results illustrate the potential for novel optoelectronic devices when interfacing a plasma with a semiconductor and coupling the two media with a strong electric field imposed across the interface.
Phase Transformation of Zirconia Ceramics by Annealing in Hot water. (1999)

The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation of Y2O3-doped tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystals (Y-TZP) was investigated by annealing at 140°C in hot water. Sintered bodies of Y-TZP were prepared by sintering at temperatures ranging between 1300 and 1500°C, using a 3mol% Y-TZP fine powder, synthesized by means of the hydrolysis method, as a starting powder. X-ray diffraction measurements on the sample surfaces and Rietveld analyses revealed that the amount of cubic phase increased and the Y2O3 concentration within the tetragonal phase decreased as the sintering temperature increased. Scanning electron microscopy measurements also showed that the grain size on the sample surfaces increased as the sintering temperature increased. When the sintered bodies were subjected to annealing in hot water, the phase-transformation rate on their surfaces increased as the sintering temperature increased. This behavior can be explained by both the decrease in the Y2O3 concentration within the tetragonal phase and the increase in the grain size.
Communication support with location-based information (2005)

In this paper, we propose the communication supporting system with location-based information such as landmarks. Our system provides cooperative aggregation environment for location-based information. The user can also communicate each other with.
Comparison of an integration procedure to Fourier transform and data averaging procedures in chromatographic data analysis (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of an integration procedure to Fourier transform and data averaging procedures in chromatographic data analysisRobert E. Synovec and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 9, 2093–2095Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00122a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00122a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, implementation and analysis of a multimedia conference system using TCP/UDP (2002)

It is generally accepted that most of the currently existing transport protocols such as TCP/UDP and OSI transport protocols are not suitable for multimedia conference applications, in which different media services require different service requirements. However, the wide use of these protocols make them attractive to people who are interested in finding the performance of these protocols and quickly bring multimedia to the desktop. The authors present the design, realization and analysis of a multimedia conference system on FDDI using TCP/IP protocols. End-to-end delays and jitters are measured to compare the performances of two architectures: one architecture is based on TCP in which all applications services, interactive video, interactive voice and data, are multiplexed at the application level and transmitted through TCP; the other architecture has interactive video and voice transmitted through UDP and data transmitted through TCP. The authors also present a new way to measure the delay which avoids the frequency synchronization problem. Important aspects of the experience gained from building the software for the multimedia conference are also presented, especially with respect to parallelism within different parts of the software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Microfluidic Chip Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Real-Time Monitoring of Antigen–Antibody Reactions (2008)

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) connecting to noble metal nanoparticles is an important issue for many analytical and biological applications. Therefore, the development of microfluidic LSPR chip that allows studying biomolecular interactions becomes an essential requirement for micro total analysis systems (µTAS) integration. However, miniaturized process of the conventional surface plasmon resonance system has been faced with some limitations, especially with the usage of Kretschmann configuration in total internal reflection mode. In this study, we have tried to solve this problem by proposing a novel microfluidic LSPR chip operated with a simple collinear optical system. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) based microfluidic chip was fabricated by soft-lithography technique and enables to interrogate specific insulin and anti-insulin antibody reaction in real-time after immobilizing antibody on its surface. Moreover, the sensing ability of microfluidic LSPR chip was also evaluated with various glucose concentrations. The kinetic constant of insulin and anti-insulin antibody was determined and the detection limit of 100 ng/mL insulin was archived.
Prevention of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced by Radioiodide-131I in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells (2010)

Radioiodine-131 released from nuclear reactor accidents has dramatically increased the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer in exposed individuals. The deposition of ionizing radiation in cells results in double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) at fragile sites, and this early event can generate oncogenic rearrangements that eventually cause cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a method to show DNA DSBs induced by (131)I in thyroid cells; to test monovalent anions that are transported by the sodium/iodide symporter to determine whether they prevent (131)I-induced DSB; and to test other radioprotective agents for their effect on irradiated thyroid cells. Rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells were incubated with (131)I. DSBs were measured by nuclear immunofluorescence using antibodies to p53-binding protein 1 or γH2AX. Incubation with 1-10 μCi (131)I per milliliter for 90 min resulted in a dose-related increase of DSBs; the number of DSBs increased from a baseline of 4-15% before radiation to 65-90% after radiation. GH3 or CHO cells that do not transport iodide did not develop DSBs when incubated with (131)I. Incubation with 20-100 μm iodide or thiocyanate markedly attenuated DSBs. Perchlorate was about 6 times more potent than iodide or thiocyanate(.) The effects of the anions were much greater when each was added 30-120 min before the (131)I. Two natural organic compounds recently shown to provide radiation protection partially prevented DSBs caused by (131)I and had an additive effect with perchlorate. In conclusion, we developed a thyroid cell model to quantify the mitogenic effect of (131)I. (131)I causes DNA DSBs in FRTL-5 cells and had no effect on cells that do not transport iodide. Perchlorate, iodide, and thiocyanate protect against DSBs induced by (131)I.
[Social and economic factors affecting China fertility transition]. (1987)

China's fertility rate, affected by various economic, cultural and social factors, is in a state of flux. In analyzing the major factors affecting the change, and in determining a fixed ratio for the degree of effectiveness of each factor, it is possible to improve birth policy in terms of predicting trends in fertility changes. Based on data gathered in 1981, the following observations were made: 1) A look at gross output value for industry and agriculture by geography shows that the more economically developed an area is, the lower is the fertility rate, and that the less economically developed an area is, the higher is the fertility rate. For example, Yunnan, with an average gross output value per person of 406.5 yuan, has a total fertility rate of 3.814, whereas Shanghai's average gross output value per person is 5566.4 yuan, and its total fertility rate is 1.316. 2) Figures comparing educational levels with total fertility rates show that cities with a greater number of women with a middle school education tend to have a lower fertility rate than cities with fewer such women. For example, Beijing's 516,000 middle school educated women have a total fertility rate of 1.589, compared to Anhui's 186,000 middle school educated women who have a total fertility rate of 2.799. Also, among college educated women, the fertility rate is 41.5/1000, the 1 child rate is 88.6%, and the multiple child rate is 1.2%, whereas those women with a primary school education have a fertility rate of 86.4/1000, a 1 child rate of 44.3%, and a multiple child rate of 26.7%. 3) As towns become urbanized, the fertility rate of those towns tend to decline. For example, Sichuan, with an Urbanization Index of 14.3 has total fertility rate of 2.650; Tianjin's Urbanization Index is 68.7, and its total fertility rate is 1.645. 4) A comparison of women engaged in physical labor to those in non-physical jobs shows that the former tend to have a higher fertility rate: women working at physical labor have a fertility rate of 86.7/1000, compared to a fertility rate of 65/1000 for those in non-physical jobs. 5) China's family planning programs advocating late marriage, late births and 1 child per couple in itself does not influence fertility rates, but taken with economic factors, it will have far reaching consequences. For example, cities with high gross output value tend to have a higher rate of 1 child per couple. 6) As the average age at marriage for women rose from 18 years in 1949 to 23 years in 1981, the rate of women having multiple children has declined in all age groups since 1964.
Envelope tracking of a radio frequency amplifier for Long Term Evolution using a three-level class-G modulator (2013)

Abstract. In this contribution, efficiency enhancement of a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) base stations using envelope tracking is investigated. The dynamically adapted drain bias voltage is provided by a three-level class-G modulator. The potential of this bias modulator is demonstrated with a class AB PA built in gallium nitride (GaN) technology with an operation frequency of 2.75 GHz, a maximum output power of 41 dBm and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 60%. When driven by an LTE signal with a bandwidth of 20 MHz, overall system efficiency can be increased from 17% with a constant supply voltage up to 29% with envelope tracking. This is accompanied by a reduction of linearity. Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) decreases by 10 dB in the first and by 18 dB in the second adjacent channel, respectively. Error vector magnitude (EVM) increases from 9% up to 29%.
Cellular responses to external ATP which precede an increase in nucleotide permeability in transformed cells (1984)

Transformed mouse fibroblasts, such as 3T6, exhibit an increase in plasma membrane permeability to nucleotides and other normally impermeant molecules when incubated with external ATP in an alkaline medium low in divalent cations. Increased nucleotide permeability, induced by external ATP, occurs after a 3- to 5-min lag period. Prior to this event, there is a dramatic Na+ influx and K+ efflux, a significant reduction in the levels of intracellular ATP and organic phosphates, and a reduction in the plasma membrane potential. Accordingly, we postulate that these cellular responses to external ATP play a role in the efflux of nucleotides. Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the plasma membrane (Na+,K+)-ATPase, acts together with low concentrations of external ATP to increase nucleotide permeability in 3T6 cells. This effect occurs at concentrations of ouabain and ATP which alone do not increase nucleotide permeability. In addition, ouabain and low concentrations of ATP alone have little effect on the level of intracellular ATP. This is in contrast to energy inhibitors and uncouplers which appear to enhance nucleotide permeability by lowering the intracellular ATP concentration. Ouabain alone causes a threefold increase in intracellular Na+ levels and a similar reduction in intracellular K+ levels under our experimental conditions, supporting the idea that ion fluxes are involved in the mechanism of permeabilization.
A consensus–hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine that protects mice against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses (2008)

H5N1 influenza viruses have spread extensively among wild birds and domestic poultry. Cross-species transmission of these viruses to humans has been documented in over 380 cases, with a mortality rate of approximately 60%. There is great concern that a H5N1 virus would acquire the ability to spread efficiently between humans, thereby becoming a pandemic threat. An H5N1 influenza vaccine must, therefore, be an integral part of any pandemic preparedness plan. However, traditional methods of making influenza vaccines have yet to produce a candidate that could induce potently neutralizing antibodies against divergent strains of H5N1 influenza viruses. To address this need, we generated a consensus H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) sequence based on data available in early 2006. This sequence was then optimized for protein expression before being inserted into a DNA plasmid (pCHA5). Immunizing mice with pCHA5, delivered intramuscularly via electroporation, elicited antibodies that neutralized a panel of virions that have been pseudotyped with the HA from various H5N1 viruses (clades 1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.2, and 2.3.4). Moreover, immunization with pCHA5 in mice conferred complete (clades 1 and 2.2) or significant (clade 2.1) protection from H5N1 virus challenges. We conclude that this vaccine, based on a consensus HA, could induce broad protection against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses and thus warrants further study.
Improving OLTP scalability using speculative lock inheritance (2009)

Transaction processing workloads provide ample request level concurrency which highly parallel architectures can exploit. However, the resulting heavy utilization of core database services also causes resource contention within the database engine itself and limits scalability. Meanwhile, many database workloads consist of short transactions which access only a few database records each, often with stringent response time requirements. Performance of these short transactions is determined largely by the amount of overhead the database engine imposes for services such as logging, locking, and transaction management. This paper highlights the negative scalability impact of database locking, an effect which is especially severe for short transactions running on highly concurrent multicore hardware. We propose and evaluate Speculative Lock Inheritance, a technique where hot database locks pass directly from transaction to transaction, bypassing the lock manager bottleneck. We implement SLI in the Shore-MT storage manager and show that lock inheritance fundamentally improves scalability by decoupling the number of simultaneous requests for popular locks from the number of threads in the system, eliminating contention within the lock manager even as core counts continue to increase. We achieve this effect with only minor changes to the lock manager and without changes to consistency or other application-visible effects.
Detachment of the Dynamic-Stall Vortex Above a Moving Surface (2002)

Dynamic stall occurs on helicopter blades and pitching airfoils when the dynamic-stall vortex, which forms as a result of an unsteady boundary-layer eruption near the leading edge, detaches from the surface and convects into the wake of the airfoil. The dynamic-stall vortex is modeled as a thick-core vortex above an infinite plane surface. Numerical solutions of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are obtained to determine the nature of the unsteady separation and vortex detachment processes and the influence of a moving wall. Whereas the unsteady separation process evolves very differently within two Reynolds number regimes, the detachment process is observed to be very similar over the range of Reynolds numbers considered. A moving wall has a significant influence on both processes
High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconductivity and Diamagnetism of Y-Ba-Cu Oxides (1987)

A high T c superconductivity was confirmed in an oxide mixed phase system of Y-Ba-Cu-0. The resistivity drop sets in at 95 K, went through the mid-point at 90 K and finalized at 75 K. Furthermore, the diamagnetism as large as 5% of the complete Meissner effect was observed below 90 K, indicating the superconductivity to be of the bulk nature rather than filamentary or interfacial one.
Scalability Analysis of Rate Adaptation Techniques in Congested IEEE 802.11 Networks: An ORBIT Testbed Comparative Study (2007)

Recent real-world measurements in dense congested radio environments have pointed out the inefficiency of frame error-based bit-rate adaptation mechanisms, which significantly reduce network capacity by misinterpreting frame errors due to collisions. These effects are likely to be amplified with the heavy use of media applications. Fortunately, traditional SNR-based rate adaptation, and the more recently proposed throughput-based, and collision-aware rate adaptation algorithms are expected to provide more robust performance in these scenarios. To our knowledge, however, their performance has never been experimentally validated in a congested environment. In this paper, we report our implementation experiences with rate adaptation in a dense, congested IEEE 802.11 network. We find that throughput-based adaptation, contrary to expectations, also suffers from poor bitrate selection. Due to an increase in physical layer capture, while using lower bitrates, nodes can increase their individual throughput at the expense of cumulative network throughput. SNR-based rate adaptation performs well in static environments but the lack of sufficient precision in RSSI measurements makes accurate rate selection in dynamic radio environments dfficult. The use of RTS/CTS, in the spirit of collision-aware rate adaptation, shows throughput improvements for frame error-based algorithms and, additionally, for throughput-based algorithms as well. However, results are below expectations likely due to RTS/CTS implementation issues on the Atheros 5212 platform.